Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finance and the Macroeconomic Process in a Classical Growth and Cycles Model

The aim of this paper is to derive an endogenous growth and cycles model which integrates the sectoral incomes, expenditures, and finance requirements into an ex ante social accounting matrix (SAM) in the spirit of the Cambridge Economic Policy Group. The SAM includes households, businesses, a banking sector with non-zero net worth, and the government. Investment in circulating capital, endogenous bank credit to finance accumulation and the negative feedback effect of debt on investment are at the core of the short-run cyclical dynamics. The business cycle dynamics are described by the dual disequilibria relationship which relates monetary and goods market disequilibria to each other. Market disequilibria result from the discrepancy between ex ante plans and expectations and ex post outcomes. The short-run cycle in the model is the 3-5 inventory cycle in which aggregate demand and supply chase each other ceaselessly in order to reach equilibrium. Firms respond to excess demand by lowering inventory stocks and increasing investment in circulating capital which expands output via the Leontief input-output relationship. Over the medium run, they respond to imbalances between actual and normal capacity by increasing fixed capital investment. Over the medium to long run, the path of accumulation is internally financed and regulated by the rate of profit. One can conclude that the macrodynamic model is a synthesis of the Physiocrats' "circular flow" approach to modeling the economy and the endogenous growth perpective of some classical economists, von Neumann, and Harrod. Finally, the endogenous cyclical dynamics are very much in the spirit of Kalecki and Minsky.
Quantification of circulating fetal DNA as a tool for potential monitoring of pregnant patients with antiphospholipid antibodies

Abstract Apoptosis of tissues of fetal origin is thought to be one of the main sources of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in maternal circulation, impaired apoptosis is also involved in the mechanisms contributing to recurrent spontaneous miscarriages (RSM) associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The APS increases the risk for preeclampsia nine times. In preeclampsia, the elevated levels of cffDNA were described by different authors. To our knowledge, cffDNA in pregnant patients with APS was never studied. In our pilot study, we focused on the levels of cffDNA in four pregnant patients with treated primary APS and compared them with values obtained in twenty-one healthy subjects of comparable gestation age (the third trimester of pregnancy). We supposed that the increase of cffDNA concentration in our treated patients would signalize the elevated apoptosis of fetal tissues as in other pathological changes of placentation. The aim of our pilot study was to determine cffDNA concentrations in patients with treated APS and to compare them with values detected in healthy pregnant women of comparable gestation age in order to discover potential non-physiological elevations in patients. The elevated values of cffDNA were not observed in our patients (p value = 0.4363, Mann–Whitney test). All patients delivered healthy children. The measurement of concentrations of cffDNA seems to be a promising tool for monitoring of therapy effectiveness in pregnant women with APS but evaluation of randomized controlled trials would be necessary to determine the specificity and the sensitivity of this test.
Overexpression of GluR6 in Rat Hippocampus Produces Seizures and Spontaneous Nonsynaptic Bursting in Vitro


We hypothesized that overexpression of specific glutamate receptors within the hippocampus would induce seizures and the associated cellular changes seen in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The GluR6 kainate receptor was overexpressed by injecting rat hippocampi with HSVGluR6, a viral vector transducing fully edited GluR6. These animals experienced limbic seizures approximately 4 h following the injection. Control animals injected with HSVlac, a vector expressing beta-galactosidase, did not have seizures. Recordings from hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells were performed 12 to 48 h and 1 week to 1 month postinjection. We observed nonsynaptic Na(+)-mediated bursting in 77.5% of cells 12 to 48 h following injection of HSVGluR6 but not HSVlac. The synaptic responses were normal in both groups. However, the physiological properties of cells from HSVGluR6-injected hippocampi changed over time. Two weeks following HSVGluR6 injection, synaptic bursts could be evoked, but intrinsic bursting became rare. These changes persisted for at least 1 month. We postulate that this transition from intrinsic to synaptic hyperexcitability may be important in the development of TLE.
The Effect of Competition on Some Dimensions of Organizational Structure

decision proceduLres are specified in advance and weakly associated with a relatively taller organizational strtuctuire. Evidence is also presented indicatting that the competitiveness of an organization's environment interacts with produlction technology, the number of products, and the extent of product design and produiction process change in determining organizational structure. Change in product design and produtction process, and the number of products are associated with decentralization, less formalization, and more depairtments only in the less competitive environmental contexts. Extent of competition, one dimension of an organization's environment, has played a prominent part in economic theory, but has not often been studied by organization theorists. Rose (1955) examined the effects of competition and conflict on 91 voluLntary associations in the Minneapolis and St. PaLul area. He fotund that grouips faced with competition were more active, more likely to develop a complex structuLre; more likely to meet freqtuently, and to be more flexible in activities and techniqLues; and more likely to have a more cohesive relationship among their members than groups facing neither competition nor conflict. Simpson and GuLlley (1962), also examining voluntary associations, tested the general hypothesis that the
Training the Next Generation of Teaching Professors: A Comparative Study of Ph.D. Programs in Political Science

Abstract In this article, we investigate the graduate curricula of political science programs and 122 Ph.D.-granting political science programs in the United States and how they seek to prepare political science teachers. We first investigate whether the department offers a dedicated political science course at the graduate level on college teaching, and whether the presence of this class correlates with the size of the department, the size of the university, the ranking of the department, and so on. We find that whether a program offers a graduate course on teaching is inversely related to the research productivity of a department, and that departments at public institutions are more likely to offer such courses than are departments at private institutions. Second, we conduct content analysis of a sample of syllabi from departments that offer such courses to ascertain the kinds of topics that are covered. Finally, we briefly describe some model programs that seek to prepare graduate students for teaching careers that integrate graduate student teacher training throughout the Ph.D. program.
A Memory-Based Learning Approach for Named Entity Recognition in Hindi

Abstract Named entity (NE) recognition (NER) is a process to identify and classify atomic elements such as person name, organization name, place/location name, quantities, temporal expressions, and monetary expressions in running text. In this paper, the Hindi NER task has been mapped into a multiclass learning problem, where the classes are NE tags. This paper presents a solution to this Hindi NER problem using a memory-based learning method. A set of simple and composite features, which includes binary, nominal, and string features, has been defined and incorporated into the proposed model. A relatively small Hindi Gazetteer list has also been employed to enhance the system performance. A comparative study on the experimental results obtained by the memory-based NER system proposed in this paper and a hidden Markov model (HMM)-based NER system shows that the performance of the proposed memory-based NER system is comparable to the HMM-based NER system.
The Labor Market Impact of Employer Health Benefit Mandates: Evidence from San Francisco&Apos;S Health Care Security Ordinance

A key issue surrounding employer benefit mandates is the incidence on workers through wages and employment. In this paper, we address this question using a pay-or-play policy implemented in San Francisco in 2008 that requires employers to either provide health benefits or contribute to a public option health plan. We estimate the impact on employment and earnings for the private sector overall, as well as for high impact sectors: retail and accommodation and food services. We develop a novel approach for individual case studies by combining both spatial discontinuity in policies and permutation-type inference using other MSAs. We find that, compared to control counties, employment and earnings patterns in San Francisco did not change appreciably following the policy. This was true for industries most affected by the mandate, as well as for overall private sector employment. The results are generally robust to inclusion of different control groups, county-specific time trends, and varying pre-periods. In contrast to the small effects on the labor market, we do find that about 25% of surveyed restaurants imposed customer surcharges, with the median surcharge being 4% of the bill. These results indicate that while little of the burden of the mandate fell on San Francisco workers, approximately half of the incidence of the mandate fell on consumers.
Correlation of in vitro platelet quality measurements with in vivo platelet viability in human subjects

Background and Objectives Changes in in vitro platelet quality parameters during platelet storage are associated with a decrease of in vivo platelet viability after platelet transfusion. Many attempts have been made to identify the most predictable in vitro parameters for in vivo performance. We used a riboflavin‐based ultraviolet (UV) light treatment process designed to inactivate pathogens and white blood cell (WBC) contaminants in blood products as a model system in which to study the correlation of in vitro cell quality with in vivo viability.
Pressure Loading of Piezo Composite Unimorphs

Over the past decade synthetic jets have emerged as a promising means of active flow control. They have the ability to introduce small amounts of energy locally to achieve non-local changes in the flow field. These devices have the potential of saving millions of dollars by increasing the efficiency and simplifying fluid related systems. A synthetic jet actuator consists of a cavity with an oscillating diaphragm. As the diaphragm oscillates, jets are formed through an orifice in the cavity. This paper focuses on piezoelectric synthetic jets formed using two types of active diaphragms, Thunder ® and Lipca. Thunder ® is composed of three layers; two metal layers, with a PZT-5A layer in between, bonded with a polyimide adhesive. Lipca is a Light WeIght Piezo Composite Actuator, formed of a number of carbon fiber prepreg layers and an active PZT-5A layer. As these diaphragms oscillate, pressure differences within the cavity as well as average maximum jet velocities are measured. These parameters are measured under load and no-load conditions by controlling pressure at the back of the actuator or the passive cavity. Results show that the average maximum jet velocities measured at the exit of the active cavity, follow a similar trend to the active pressures for both devices. Active pressure and jet velocity increase with passive pressure to a maximum, and then decrease. Active pressure and the jet velocity peaked at the same passive cavity pressure of 18kPa for both diaphragms indicating that the same level of pre-stresses is present in both actuators even though Lipca produces approximately 10% higher velocities than Thunder ® .
Cancer risk in heterozygotes for ataxia‐telangiectasia

Epidemiological studies have suggested that ataxia‐telangiectasia (AT) heterozygotes have a predisposition to cancer, especially breast cancer in women. Now, haplotyping can identify heterozygotes for AT mutation (ATM) in AT families, allowing the risk of cancer associated with ATM heterozygosity status to be better assessed. We report a family study of AT patients, in which we estimated the risk of cancer according to ATM heterozygosity status. We analyzed demographic characteristics and occurrence of cancer in 1,423 relatives of AT patients. Haplotyping was performed in living relatives. The probability of being heterozygotes for ATM was calculated for deceased relatives. The risk of developing cancer was estimated in the cohort of relatives, and expected numbers of cancer cases were calculated from French age period‐specific incidence rates. The number of cancers at all sites in the total population of relatives was not higher than expected. However, significant heterogeneity was found according to ATM heterozygosity status. This is mainly due to the increased risk of breast cancer previously observed in obligate heterozygotes. In obligate heterozygotes, relative risk (RR) was non‐significantly increased for thyroid cancer, leukemia and liver cancer. Risks of ovarian, lung, pancreatic, kidney, stomach and colorectal cancers were non‐significantly increased in the group with 0.5 probability of being heterozygotes. The RR was not significantly increased for any site of cancer, except for breast. Therefore, there is no evidence that specific screening of relatives of AT patients would be justified at particular sites other than the breast. However, the amplitude of the risk of breast cancer estimated in heterozygous women does not appear to justify a separate screening program from that already available to women with a first‐degree relative affected by breast cancer. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modern Manors: Welfare Capitalism since the New Deal

Acknowledgments 1The Coming of Welfare Capitalism 2Modernizing Welfare Capitalism 3Preserving the Past: Eastman Kodak 4Changing Styles: Sears Roebuck 5Recasting Company Unions: Thompson Products 6Beyond the Manor: Politics and Public Opinion 7The Cold War of Industrial Relations: Welfare Capitalism and Unionism in the 1950s and After Postscript Notes Index
Democratization and International Organizations

International organizations (IOs) have become increasingly pervasive features of the global landscape. While the implications of this development have been studied extensively, relatively little research has examined the factors that prompt states to enter IOs. We argue that democratization is an especially potent impetus to IO membership. Democratizing countries are likely to enter IOs because leaders have difficulty credibly committing to sustain liberal reforms and the consolidation of democracy. Chief executives often have an incentive to solidify their position during democratic transitions by rolling back political liberalization. Entering an IO can help leaders in transitional states credibly commit to carry out democratic reforms, especially if the organization is composed primarily of democratic members. Tests of this hypothesis, based on a new data set of IOs covering the period from 1965 to 2000, confirm that democratization spurs states to join IOs.Earlier versions of this article were presented at the 2004 annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago; the 2004 annual convention of the International Studies Association, Montreal; and seminars at the State University of New York at Albany and Yale University. For helpful comments and suggestions, we are grateful to participants in these seminars and to Marc Busch, Benjamin Fordham, Yoram Haftel, Lisa Martin, Timothy McKeown, Helen Milner, Ronald Mitchell, Andrew Moravcsik, B. Peter Rosendorff, Bruce Russett, and two anonymous referees.
From Partial to Systemic Globalization: International Production Networks in the Electronics Industry

From Partial to Systemic Globalization: International Production Networks in the Electronics Industry Dieter Ernst April 1997 BRIE Working Paper 98 Copyright 1997, by Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, University of California at San Diego and Berkeley Roundtable on the International Economy This is a joint publication of The Data Storage Industry Globalization Project Report 97-02, Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, University of California at San Diego, and BRIE Working Paper #98, Berkeley Roundtable on the International Economy, University of California at Berkeley, 1997. Dieter Ernst, Ph.D., is a Senior Research Fellow at BRIE. He is currently a professor of International Management at Copenhagen Business School, Denmark. Before joining BRIE, Dr. Ernst had been a senior advisor at the OECD Development Centre (Paris). For over two decades, Dr. Ernst has written about technology and international competition in various industries and implications for firms' strategies and government policies. Generous support for this work was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.
Public accountability in the age of neo‐liberal governance

The practices of accountability and the dispositions they have engendered have changed over time since the mid‐1970s. It will be argued that following the demise of the age of professional accountability a regime of neo‐liberal corporate accountability has dominated the governance of education. The distinctive dimensions of this regime – of consumer choice, of contract efficiency, quality, and capital ownership – have been introduced at different times since 1979. While it is possible to periodize their inception it is necessary to see them as, over time, extending and intensifying into a coherent regime of regulation. Thus understanding of the present modes can only be understood by clarifying the historical and political conditions which have shaped them. Nevertheless, possibilities of change may lie in the contradictions of accountability within the regime of governance.
Risk Factors and Prevention of Vascular Complications in Polycythemia Vera

Risk factors for vascular complications in polycythemia vera (PV) include laboratory and clinical findings. Among laboratory values, the hematocrit has been clearly associated with thrombosis, particularly in the cerebral circulation. Platelet count is a possible but not yet clearly established predictor of vascular complications. Platelet function tests are of little help in prognostic evaluation because most attempts to correlate these abnormalities with clinical events have been disappointing. Clinical predictors of thrombosis include increasing age and a previous history of vascular events. Identifying risk factors for thrombosis is important to initiate therapy. Phlebotomy is associated with an increased incidence of thrombosis in the first 3 to 5 years, whereas chemotherapy may induce a higher risk of secondary malignancies after 7 to 10 years of follow-up. New cytoreductive drugs virtually devoid of mutagenic risk include interferon-alpha and anagrelide, but their role in reducing thrombotic complications remains to be demonstrated. Antithrombotic drugs, such as aspirin, are frequently used in PV, despite doubts regarding safety and efficacy. Two recent studies from the Gruppo Italiano Studio Policitemia Vera (GISP) assessed the rate of major thrombosis as well as the tolerability of low-dose aspirin in PV patients. These investigations created a favorable scenario for launching a European collaborative clinical trial (ECLAP study) aimed at testing the efficacy of low-dose aspirin in preventing thrombosis and prolonging survival in patients with PV.
U.S. News Spillover Effects: Sectoral Evidence

This paper is a study of the spillover effects of U.S. macroeconomic news on different sectors of the Australian stock market. We find that an indication of economic contraction from the United States raises the conditional mean, and most news elicits associated volatility in the Australian stock market. We further document that different sectors respond differently to U.S. news. For example, U.S. news has the strongest effect on the first two moments of the Australian Industrials and Property Trusts stock returns and the least impact on the Materials sector. Furthermore, we document that while U.S. news has been absorbed relatively quickly on the conditional mean, the volatility impact is somewhat persistent.
Climate and Food Production: Understanding Vulnerability from Past Trends in Africa’s Sudan-Sahel

Just how influential is rainfall on agricultural production in the Sudan-Sahel of Africa? And, is there evidence that support for small-scale farming can reduce the vulnerability of crop yields to rainfall in these sensitive agro-ecological zones? These questions are explored based on a case study from Cameroon’s Sudan-Sahel region. Climate data for 20 years and crop production data for six major food crops for the same years are used to find patterns of correlation over this time period. Results show a distinction of three periods of climatic influence of agriculture: one period before 1989, another between 1990 and 1999 and the last from 2000 to 2004. The analysis reveals that, while important in setting the enabling biophysical environment for food crop cultivation, the influence of rainfall in agriculture can be diluted by proactive policies that support food production. Proactive policies also reduce the impact of agriculturally relevant climatic shocks, such as droughts on food crop yields over the time-series. These findings emphasize the extent of vulnerability of food crop production to rainfall variations among small-holder farmers in these agro-ecological zones and reinforce the call for the proactive engagement of relevant institutions and support services in assisting the efforts of small-scale food producers in Africa’s Sudan-Sahel. The implications of climate variability on agriculture are discussed within the context of food security with particular reference to Africa’s Sudan-Sahel.
The Asymmetric Effects of Monetary Policy Shocks: A Nonlinear Structural VAR Approach

The aim of our paper is to investigate the potential asymmetric effects of monetary policy shocks on U.S. economic activity. For that matter, we focus on the business cycle phase in which the shock occurs. We then propose a natural extension of the structural VAR methodology and of its analysis tools to a nonlinear framework. The identification strategy of shocks we adopt is the one proposed by Sims and Zha (1998). At this stage, our findings reveal that a contractionary money supply shock yields asymmetric responses of output, prices and money.
Does the Australian Football League Draft Undervalue Indigenous Australian Footballers?

Economics assumes that behavior is based on rational expectations and market efficiency. However, previous research into professional sports indicates that there are cases where decisions are consistently made that do not conform to this. This article examines this issue within the context of how indigenous Australian footballers are recruited via the Australian Football League (AFL) draft. A panel data econometric model was used to look at the relationship between player performance and the expectations placed on these players when they were first drafted. The results show that, on average, indigenous Australian footballers outperform their expectations. Therefore, the question is ‘‘Why do AFL teams not draft more indigenous players? ’’ Some of the reasons why teams may be averse to drafting such players are discussed, although we are unable to rule out irrationality as a possible explanation.