Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evalution of antiurolithic activity of alcoholic extract of roots of cissampelos pareira in albino rats.

BACKGROUND In ayurvedic system of medicine a vast number of medicinal plants are reported to possess with antiurolithic activity. AIM To study the antiurolithic activity of alcoholic extract of roots of Cissampelos pareira (AERCP) in chemicals induced urolithiasis in albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine Groups of albino rats (n=6) were used to evaluate the antiurolithic activity of alcoholic extract of roots of C.Pareira. Group I received with rat chow diet, Group II with 2% Ammonium chloride (AC) and 0.75% Ethylene glycol (EG) Group III with EG plus AC and cystone (5 ml/kg), Groups IV, V, VI with low (100 mg/kg), medium (200 mg/kg), and high (400 mg/kg) doses of root extract, Groups VII, VIII, IX with EG plus AC and low (100 mg/kg), medium (200 mg/kg), and high (400 mg/kg) doses of root extract respectively for 10 days. Urolithiasis was induced by supplying drinking water mixed with 2% Ammonium chloride and 0.75% Ethylene glycol for 10 days. On 11th day three rats from each Group were kept in one metabolic cage and urine (pooled) collected for 24h was subjected for estimation of biochemical parameters like urinary calcium, uric acid and magnesium. Blood was collected on the same day and analysed for various parameters. Kidneys were observed for the histopathological changes. RESULTS The rats treated with alcoholic extract of roots of C. pareira at 03 different doses significantly (p≤ 0.05) reduced urinary calcium, uric acid and increased urinary magnesium levels, reduced serum calcium, creatinine and increased serum magnesium. Rats treated with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses revealed less tissue damage and the cytology of the nephrotic tissue was almost similar to normal control Group I rats. CONCLUSION RESULTS showed that alcoholic extract of roots of C. pareira has exhibited a significant antiurolithic effect against urolithiasis in experimental rats.
Modeling Temporal Adoptions Using Dynamic Matrix Factorization

The problem of recommending items to users is relevant to many applications and the problem has often been solved using methods developed from Collaborative Filtering (CF). Collaborative Filtering model-based methods such as Matrix Factorization have been shown to produce good results for static rating-type data, but have not been applied to time-stamped item adoption data. In this paper, we adopted a Dynamic Matrix Factorization (DMF) technique to derive different temporal factorization models that can predict missing adoptions at different time steps in the users' adoption history. This DMF technique is an extension of the Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) based on the well-known class of models called Linear Dynamical Systems (LDS). By evaluating our proposed models against NMF and TimeSVD++ on two real datasets extracted from ACM Digital Library and DBLP, we show empirically that DMF can predict adoptions more accurately than the NMF for several prediction tasks as well as outperforming TimeSVD++ in some of the prediction tasks. We further illustrate the ability of DMF to discover evolving research interests for a few author examples.
Co-regularization Based Semi-supervised Domain Adaptation

This paper presents a co-regularization based approach to semi-supervised domain adaptation. Our proposed approach (EA++) builds on the notion of augmented space (introduced in EASYADAPT (EA) [1]) and harnesses unlabeled data in target domain to further assist the transfer of information from source to target. This semi-supervised approach to domain adaptation is extremely simple to implement and can be applied as a pre-processing step to any supervised learner. Our theoretical analysis (in terms of Rademacher complexity) of EA and EA++ show that the hypothesis class of EA++ has lower complexity (compared to EA) and hence results in tighter generalization bounds. Experimental results on sentiment analysis tasks reinforce our theoretical findings and demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method when compared to EA as well as few other representative baseline approaches.
Tween 80 effect on bacteriocin synthesis by Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris J46

E. HUOT. C. BARRENA‐GONZALEZ AND H. PETITDEMANGE. 1996. Sorbitan polyoxyethylene monooleate (Tween 80) suppressed bacteriocin cell adhesion. Within the range 0–1% (v/v), there was an increase in bacteriocin production in regulated (pH 5.5 or 6.0) batch cultures with increasing Tween 80 concentration. For example, at pH 5.5 and in the presence of 1% Tween 80, bacteriocin production was about fourfold higher than in its absence. However, further increase in Tween 80 concentration did not result in a significant modification of the bacteriocin titre. It was shown that the increase was not linked to an activating effect of the surfactant on preformed enzyme, to an increase of bacteriocin availability or to a sensitization of the target cell, demonstrating that Tween 80 promoted bacteriocin production.
Asymptotic Detection Performance of Type-Based Multiple Access Over Multiaccess Fading Channels

The problem of communicating sensor readings over a multiaccess channel for detecting a target using type-based multiple access (TBMA) is considered. TBMA is analyzed in a general framework by considering non-i.i. d. data and nonidentical channel gains. An asymptotically optimal detector is proposed and its error-exponents for detection probabilities are characterized using tools from large deviations theory (LDT). In case of i.i. d. channel gains, it is shown that the performance of TBMA presents two distinct behaviors depending on whether the channel gains have zero mean. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate that the error exponents provide reasonably accurate estimates of the performance of TBMA
Thought disorder as a predictive sign of mental disorder : a study of high-risk and low-risk adoptees in the Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia

Early recognition of schizophrenia could lead to a better clinical course and a better prognosis. Therefore, researchers have started to investigate the possible vulnerability markers of schizophrenia. Both genetic and environmental factors have been found to be essential in the understanding of the development of psychiatric disorders. The present study is part of an extensive Finnish adoptive family study of schizophrenia. The substudies of this thesis focused on investigating the predictive value of thought disorder measured by Thought Disorder Index (TDI) in terms of the future psychiatric disorders of adoptees at high risk (HR, biological mother with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or paranoid psychosis) and low risk (LR, biological mother with no diagnosed psychosis) for schizophrenia, who had no psychiatric diagnosis at the initial assessment (n = 171). The adoptees' psychiatric status was first re-assessed based on the DSM-III-R criteria in a re-interview 11 years later and then based on the available national hospital discharge registers 16 years later. The predictive value of thought disorder as a sign of vulnerability to mental disorder was clarified by examining the stability of thought disorder (n = 158). The adoptees' TDI scores were evaluated twice at a median interval of 12 years (the adoptees' median ages at evaluation were 22 and 36 years). Furthermore, the possible genotype-environment effect in the development of thought disorder was investigated by assessing the adoptees' thought disorders at the initial and follow-up assessments as well as the CD (Communication Deviance) of their adoptive parents at the initial assessment (n = 89). High scores on several TDI variables at the initial assessment were shown to predict a follow-up diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder among all adoptees. These TDI variables were found to be stable over time, which enhanced the predictive value of thought disorder. There was an association between the thought disorder of the adoptees and the CD of their parents. Furthermore, the genotype environment interactions were also related to the presence of thought disorder. The results of these investigations provide new information to the prevention of mental disorders, especially among person with prodromal symptoms of psychosis, such as mood disorders and cognitive dysfunctions.
Psychologische Interventionen bei der Parkinson-Erkrankung

Zusammenfassung Die Parkinson-Erkrankung hat einige besondere psychologische Merkmale. Selbst bei geringfügiger emotionaler Erregung nehmen die motorischen Symptome zu und können umgekehrt durch Entspannung vorübergehend abnehmen. Die Symptome sind sichtbar und verändern das Sozialverhalten und die sozialen Beziehungen. Viele Patienten leiden unter psychischen Belastungen wie depressiven Verstimmungen und soziale Ängsten. Die Ziele psychologischer Interventionen sind die Verbesserung der Symptombewältigung und der Krankheitsverarbeitung. Für beide Ziele kommen Interventionsmethoden in Frage, die im Rahmen der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie entwickelt wurden, z. B. Selbstbeobachtung, kognitive Methoden, Training der krankheitsbezogenen Kommunikation, Stressbewältigungstraining und Erlernen von Kompensationsstrategien. Ihre Anwendung wird anhand ausgewählter Fälle und Studien erläutert.
Expressing General Problems as CSPs

We consider the translation of general AI problems into CSPs. In particular, we have developed a translation suite able to translate first order specifications into the syntax of the Sicstus CLPFD constraint solver. We describe recent extensions to the capabilities of this suite which have enabled it to handle problems outside of the algebraic domains for which it was designed. We demonstrate two of many advantages to having such a translation suite. Firstly, we show that an ability to translate between the syntaxes of different AI problem solving systems enables us to make meaningful comparisons of different AI techniques, and we demonstrate this using a model generator and a constraint solver on quasigroup problems. Secondly, with an ability to express a problem in different ways, we can begin to simulate more sophisticated problem solving which uses inductive, deductive and constraint solving techniques. We explore such possibilities with some applications to investigative reasoning, where the aim is to identify the cause of a phenomenon from a set of candidates.
Forget unlearning? How an empirically unwarranted concept from psychology was imported to flourish in management and organisation studies

We provide a critique of the development in organisation studies of the idea of ‘unlearning’ as allegedly imported from the psychology literature by Hedberg and understood to mean the manageable discard of knowledge precedent to and aiding later learning. We re-review the psychology literature and in contrast to Hedberg, find that this definition of unlearning is not empirically warranted. We re-examine a selection of highly cited articles in the organisational literature that claim to have conducted empirical research into the Hedberg model of unlearning. We find none provide evidence of its existence. Typically, under the label ‘unlearning’ evidence is provided of a conventional process of theory-change, the setting aside (not deletion) of an established understanding in favour of new understanding when presented with perceived new facts. In all cases that we examine, clear alternative and less problematic concepts should provide a better conceptual framework for the research, such as learning, theory-change, discard of practice and extinction. It follows that the unlearning literature is not in fact the independent, scholarly and scientific literature that many of its adherents believe it to be. We recommend that for concepts allegedly imported from other disciplines more frequent commissioning of cross-disciplinary reviews may encourage the critical works so obviously lacking in the unlearning literature.
It's About Time: Prevention and Intervention Services for Gang-Affiliated Girls

Until the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI, 2003) observed a spike in girls’ arrests for most types of offenses from 1991 to 2000, delinquency and especially gangs were perceived to be male phenomena. As a result of this spike in crime, research on girls’ delinquency increased. The research revealed that a substantial number of girls are involved with gangs. A report by the National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) (Glesmann, Krisberg, & Marchionna, 2009) found that at the national level, girls composed 32% of gang members. In California girls composed 38% of gang membership, with higher concentrations of girls in gangs in certain locations: Girls composed 51% of Oakland’s gang members and 42% in West Contra Costa County. Gang membership is a significant risk factor for girls. Girls who self-report as gang members commit considerably more crimes in every offense category than nongang-involved boys and girls (Esbensen & Winfree, 1998; Fegan, 1990).
Factors of Emotion and Affect in Designing Interactive Virtual Characters

The term affective may be defined as anything that expresses or elicits emotion, which itself is the complex psychophysiological state of mind involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience (Myers, 2004). Affect (the experience of feeling emotion) is one of the three components of modern psychology that includes the cognitive (processing) and conative (instinctive) (“Affect”, 2011). Emotions themselves are components of a larger categorical subset that includes affective concepts such as mood, attitude, personality, and the motive (Norman, 2004. pg 43). Cognitive scientist Marvin Lee Minsky suggests in his book The Emotion Machine that emotions are simply different ways of thinking and serve as unique problem-solving paradigms that allow us to learn more effectively (“The Emotion Machine”, 2010).
Acupuncture Effect on Thermal Tolerance and Electrical Pain Threshold: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Objective The aim of this study was to test whether acupuncture could modify the threshold of tolerance to thermal and electrical stimuli. Methods A randomised placebo-controlled single-blind trial was conducted in 36 healthy volunteers randomly distributed to control (no treatment), conventional acupuncture and sham acupuncture groups. The subjects were blind to the group allocation. The authors measured before and after treatment the pain threshold with the Painmatcher (Cefar Medical AB, Lund, Sweden) and the cold tolerance with the cold pressor test, together with the Visual Analogue Scale pain score. Results Electrical stimulation threshold and cold pressor tolerance both increased significantly in the control and the true acupuncture groups, but not the sham group. The changes in the true acupuncture group were highly statistically significant and amounted to 24% (pain threshold) and 44% (cold tolerance) increases in threshold. The changes in the true group were significantly greater than the control group but not significantly different from the sham group. The changes in the sham and control groups were not significantly different from each other. Conclusion Acupuncture at true, appropriate points was more effective than no intervention in raising pain threshold and tolerance in volunteers, and acupuncture at inappropriate points had an intermediate effect which was not significantly different from either. Thus acupuncture analgesia may not be a point specific effect.
Mirror visual feedback alleviates deafferentation pain, depending on qualitative aspects of the pain: a preliminary report.

OBJECTIVES Following lesions in somatosensory pathways, deafferentation pain often occurs. Patients report that the pain is qualitatively complex, and its treatment can be difficult. Mirror visual feedback (MVF) treatment can improve deafferentation pain. We sought to classify the qualities of the pain in order to examine whether the potential analgesic effect of MVF depends on these qualities. METHODS Twenty-two patients with phantom limb pain, or pain related to spinal cord or nerve injury, performed a single MVF procedure. Before and after the MVF procedure, we evaluated phantom limb awareness, movement representation of the phantom or affected/paralysed limb, pain intensity on an 11-point numerical rating scale (0-10) and the qualities of the pain [skin surface-mediated (superficial pain) vs deep tissue-mediated (deep pain)] using lists of pain descriptors for each of the two categories. RESULTS Fifteen of the patients perceived the willed visuomotor imagery of the phantom or affected/paralysed limb after the MVF procedure. In most of the patients, a reduction in pain intensity and a decrease in the reporting of deep-pain descriptors were linked to the emergence of willed visuomotor imagery. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, we roughly classified the pain descriptor items into two types for evaluating the qualities of deafferentation pain. We found that visually induced motor imagery by MVF was more effective for reducing deep pain than superficial pain. This suggests that the analgesic effect of MVF treatment does depend on the qualities of the pain. Further research will be required to confirm that this effect is a specific consequence of MVF.
AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF THE TRANSMISSION‐VIRULENCE TRADE‐OFF HYPOTHESIS IN A PLANT VIRUS

The transmission–virulence trade‐off hypothesis is one of the few adaptive explanations of virulence evolution, and assumes that there is an overall positive correlation between parasite transmission and virulence. The shape of the transmission–virulence relationship predicts whether virulence should evolve toward either a maximum or to an intermediate optimum. A positive correlation between each of these traits and within‐host growth is often suggested to underlie the relationship between virulence and transmission. There are few experimental tests of this hypothesis; this study reports on the first empirical test on a plant pathogen. We infected Brassica rapa plants with nine natural isolates of Cauliflower mosaic virus and then estimated three traits: transmission, virulence, and within‐host viral accumulation. As predicted by the trade‐off hypothesis, we observed a positive correlation between transmission and virulence, suggestive of the existence of an intermediate optimum. We discovered the unexpected existence of two groups of within‐host accumulation, differing by at least an order of magnitude. When accumulation groups were not accounted for, within‐host accumulation was correlated neither to virulence nor transmission, although our results suggest that within each group these correlations exist.
Limited Contribution of IL-36 versus IL-1 and TNF Pathways in Host Response to Mycobacterial Infection

IL-36 cytokines are members of the IL-1 family of cytokines that stimulate dendritic cells and T cells leading to enhanced T helper 1 responses in vitro and in vivo; however, their role in host defense has not been fully addressed thus far. The objective of this study was to examine the role of IL-36R signaling in the control of mycobacterial infection, using models of systemic attenuated M. bovis BCG infection and virulent aerogenic M. tuberculosis infection. IL-36γ expression was increased in the lung of M. bovis BCG infected mice. However, IL-36R deficient mice infected with M. bovis BCG showed similar survival and control of the infection as compared to wild-type mice, although their lung pathology and CXCL1 response were transiently different. While highly susceptible TNF-α deficient mice succumbed with overwhelming M. tuberculosis infection, and IL-1RI deficient mice showed intermediate susceptibility, IL-36R-deficient mice controlled the infection, with bacterial burden, lung inflammation and pathology, similar to wild-type controls. Therefore, IL-36R signaling has only limited influence in the control of mycobacterial infection.
Focal iodine defects on color-coded iodine perfusion maps of dual-energy pulmonary CT angiography images: a potential diagnostic pitfall.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to systematically investigate focal iodine defects found in patients without other CT evidence for pulmonary embolism on color-coded iodine perfusion maps of dual-energy pulmonary CT angiography scans. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Forty-three patients (mean age, 56.9 years; range, 29-88 years) who underwent pulmonary CT angiography using dual-energy CT from November 2007 to February 2008 but who had no pulmonary embolism were included in our study. Dark orange- or black-colored areas on color-coded iodine perfusion maps were interpreted as focal iodine defects. Two radiologists recorded the presence, location, and characteristics of the focal iodine defects in consensus and evaluated the examinations with regard to the causes of the focal iodine defects. RESULTS Focal iodine defects were found in 41 patients (95%). The most commonly involved segments were the anterior segment of the right upper lobe (33/38, 86.8%), the apical segment of the right upper lobe (32/38, 84.2%), the medial segment of the right middle lobe (32/38, 84.2%), the apicoposterior segment of the left upper lobe (35/42, 83.3%), the superior and inferior lingular segments of the left upper lobe (23/42, 54.8%), and the medial-basal segment of the right lower lobe (11/32, 34.4%). Beam-hardening artifacts caused by contrast material in the superior vena cava accounted for nearly all defects in the apices of both upper lobes. Cardiac motion was the most common cause of defects in right middle lobe and left upper lobe lingular segments, and diaphragmatic motion was the most common cause in the lung bases. CONCLUSION Knowledge of the focal iodine defects not related to pulmonary embolism leads to more accurate interpretation of dual-energy pulmonary CT angiography scans.
Ocean Wavenumber Estimation From Wave-Resolving Time Series Imagery

We review several approaches that have been used to estimate ocean surface gravity wavenumbers from wave-resolving remotely sensed image sequences. Two fundamentally different approaches that utilize these data exist. A power spectral density approach identifies wavenumbers where image intensity variance is maximized. Alternatively, a cross-spectral correlation approach identifies wavenumbers where intensity coherence is maximized. We develop a solution to the latter approach based on a tomographic analysis that utilizes a nonlinear inverse method. The solution is tolerant to noise and other forms of sampling deficiency and can be applied to arbitrary sampling patterns, as well as to full-frame imagery. The solution includes error predictions that can be used for data retrieval quality control and for evaluating sample designs. A quantitative analysis of the intrinsic resolution of the method indicates that the cross-spectral correlation fitting improves resolution by a factor of about ten times as compared to the power spectral density fitting approach. The resolution analysis also provides a rule of thumb for nearshore bathymetry retrievals-short-scale cross-shore patterns may be resolved if they are about ten times longer than the average water depth over the pattern. This guidance can be applied to sample design to constrain both the sensor array (image resolution) and the analysis array (tomographic resolution).
The Ethnicity of Refugees (ER): A new dataset for understanding flight patterns 1

Introducing a new cross-national dataset on the ethnicity of refugees, covering the years 1975–2009, this study analyzes refugee flight patterns. We argue that the asylum destination of refugees is not haphazard but determined by trans-border ethnic linkages. Building on migration theories, we elaborate a theoretical framework for the direction of refugee movements, which includes spatial, temporal and cultural pull factors. The statistical results suggest that refugees flee to nearby countries with ethnic kin populations and a history of accepting other co-ethnic refugees. Thus, sub-national refugee characteristics, such as ethnicity, are essential to understanding the flight direction of refugees.