Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The natural history of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.

Abstract: Approximately 70% of human breast tumors express hormone receptors (HRs), comprising the estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR). The ER is the primary transcription factor driving oncogenesis in HR-positive (HR+) breast cancers; it is both a target of, and predictor of response to, antiestrogen therapy. Unlike in other breast cancer subtypes, more than half of all disease recurrences in HR+ breast cancer occur 6 years or more after diagnosis, particularly following 5 years of adjuvant anti-estrogen therapy. Late relapses in HR+ breast cancer thus represent a significant clinical challenge. There is considerable molecular and clinical heterogeneity underlying HR+ breast cancers, and a limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying treatment resistance and late relapse. In this review, we describe the long natural history of HR+ breast cancer and discuss relapse patterns in relation to their clinicopathological and molecular characteristics. We highlight the relationship between tumor relapse and anti-estrogen therapy resistance, and we describe the concept of tumor dormancy. Finally, we review novel translational research strategies utilizing preclinical models and patient tumor samples, and current clinical strategies that address this increasingly common challenge in breast cancer.
Linkify : Enhanced Reading Experience by Augmenting Text Using Linked Open Data

We frequently encounter unfamiliar entity names (e.g., a person’s name or a geographic location) while reading texts such as newspapers, magazines, and web pages. When it occurs, we typically perform a sequence of wearisome actions: select the entity name, submit it to a search engine, and typically obtain detailed information from web sites. In this paper, we propose Linkify, a novel tool that enhances text reading by automatically converting entity names into links and displaying a synopsis of the entity retrieved from Linked Open Data when a user selects the link. The tool enables users to retrieve the information of the entity simply by selecting the link. Further, in order to create only links that are helpful for users, we also developed a method that evaluates the helpfulness of entities using a machine-learning algorithm with a broad set of features. We have implemented our proposed tool as an add-on for several major web browsers and made it publicly available at http://swc14.linkify. mobi.
Pupillary reactivity to emotional stimuli in children of depressed and anxious mothers.

BACKGROUND The primary aim of this study was to examine differences in physiological reactivity (measured via pupillometry) to emotional stimuli between children of depressed versus nondepressed mothers. A second goal was to examine differences in pupil dilation to emotional stimuli between children of anxious versus nonanxious mothers. METHOD Participants included 117 mother-child pairs drawn from the community. Children were between the ages of 8 and 14. Pupil dilation was assessed using an eye-tracker while participants viewed angry, happy, or sad faces. RESULTS Children of mothers with a history of major depression (MDD) exhibited increased pupil dilation to sad, but not happy or angry, faces compared with children of nondepressed mothers. Second, we found that children of anxious mothers exhibited increased pupil dilation to angry, but not happy or sad, faces compared to youth of nonanxious mothers. CONCLUSIONS The current findings add to the growing body of research suggesting that differences in physiological reactivity to depression- and anxiety-relevant cues may represent an important mechanism in the intergenerational transmission of MDD and anxiety.
A Valid Measure of Dogmatism

Since the 1960s Rokeach's conception and measurement of dogmatism has dominated the landscape of dogmatism research. In 1996, Altemeyer proposed a new conception of dogmatism, suggesting that it is best defined as an unchangeable and unjustified certainty in one's beliefs. This conception was operationalized in the form of the DOG Scale with validity evidence generally coming in the form of relationships between the measure and several criterion-related variables. The present study assessed the factorial validity of the measure and tested for convergent and discriminant validity. Criterion-related validity evidence was also reconsidered. The DOG Scale demonstrated reasonable factorial, discriminant, convergent, and criterion-related validity, providing additional support for the measure's construct validity.
A low-voltage bandgap reference source based on the current-mode technique

A low-voltage bandgap reference source design in CMOS AMS 0. 35μ<i>m</i> is presented. For establishing a voltage reference of less than 1V, the current-mode technique is used. The current consumption of the proposed design is 84μ<i>A</i>; the supply voltage is 1.2V, and presents a small die area of 0.015<i>mm</i><sup>2</sup>. The average measurement results are: temperature coefficient of 114ppm/°C between [-25°C to 100°C], output voltage of 718mV and line regulation of 1.7mV/V.
Frame Design for a Prototype Underwater RF Electromagnetic Communication Sensor System † , *

Electromagnetic communications in an underwater environment has been largely dismissed as impractical or impossible by researchers in favour of acoustic and optical techniques. Very Low Frequency systems do not however suffer from the attenuation experienced at higher frequencies and offer several advantages when compared to optical and acoustic methods particularly in shallow water. This paper describes the design of a flexible MAC protocol for use in a small scale wireless sensor network using VLF technology that is used to provide an underwater coastal monitoring service. The lightweight control protocol is time division based in order to fit the unique characteristics and specifications of the network. Simulations are carried out to evaluate the performances of different network scenarios with the variation of frame size.
Evaluating the Significance of the Windows Explorer Visualization in Personal Information Management Browsing tasks

The visualization of hierarchies is very important for digital information management and presentation systems. Especially in the context of personal information management, file browsers play a very important role. Currently the most common file browser visualizations are windows explorer and the simple zoomable visualization offered by Microsoft windows. This work explores the issue of file browser visualization through a user study based on interviews and an experiment.
Isolation and analysis of the mechanism of action of an inactivator of C4b in normal human serum

A complement regulatory principle, C4b inactivator, was isolated in a partially purified form from normal human serum. The C4b inactivator, a beta1-globulin with an approximate mol wt of 88,000 daltons, and which may be identical to C3b inactivator, cleaved C4b in free solution or on the surface of cells and rendered it unable to participate in hemolytic reactions or to interact with cells, having receptors for C4b. C/b inactivator functioned by cleaving the alpha-polypeptide chain of C4b at a single site which was sufficient to dissociate the molecule into two fragments, C4c and C4d, and to inactivate it biological function. Certain structural correlates of C4 functions deriving from these studies are discussed and a model for C4 structure based on these findings is presented.
The universal capacity of channels with given rate-distortion in the absence of common randomness

Recently, [3] studied the universal capacity of a set of chan nels where each channel in the set communicates a random source to within a distortion level D, when the transmitter and receiver have access to common randomness . In this paper, we study the universal capacity for this channel set in the case when there is no access to common randomness. We show that whe n the distortion level D is positive, the universal capacity is 0.
Improving the Robustness of Weighted Scan Matching with Quad Trees

This paper presents the improvement the robustness and accuracy of the weighted scan matching algorithm matching against the union of earlier acquired scans. The approach allows to reduce the correspondence error, which is explicitly modeled in the weighted scan matching algorithm, by providing a more complete and denser frame of reference to match new scans. By making use of the efficient quad tree data structure, earlier acquired scans can be stored with millimeter accuracy for environments with dimensions larger than 100x100 meter. This can be realized with the preservation of real-time performance. In our experiments we illustrate the significant gains in robustness and accuracy that can be the result with this approach.
Wormhole Detection in Secured BGP Networks

A wormhole attack is a specific mechanism where two or more Autonomous Systems (ASes) coordinate to perform a black hole attack by exchanging secure BGP updates over a tunnel, signing route attestations for each other. Routing protocols generally choose route through a wormhole because it is, in general, the shortest route. This attack can redirect traffic through a chosen path that is compromised by the attacker. It can also significantly degrade the performance of the network. In this paper we present an approach to detecting coordinated wormhole attack by the validation of the path to detect any tunnel that may exist between two consecutive nodes in the AS-PATH. Similarly to SoBGP, we require that each AS signs and publishes its local topology through the topology certificate. The BGP speaker can then verify that the AS path is wormhole free by assembling local topologies in a global inter-AS topology map. We develop a metric that calculates the likelihood that two consecutive ASes in the AS-PATH are real neighbors in the AS graph. We demonstrate this approach by developing a wormhole detector where randomly chosen ASes are colluding to perform attacks according to a stochastic distribution model. We present experimental results from testing this algorithm in a controlled environment, demonstrating that it has a high detection rate. Our analysis shows that the detection algorithm is optimized for detecting long tunnels, i.e. tunnels that span over multiple ASes.
With or Without Empathy: Primary Psychopathy and Difficulty in Identifying Feelings Predict Utilitarian Judgment in Sacrificial Dilemmas

Drawing from research on moral judgment and affective dysfunction, we examined how trait psychopathy and alexithymia, which are characterized as empathic deficits, relate to utilitarian moral judgments in sacrificial dilemmas. As predicted, primary and secondary psychopathy traits and alexithymia were associated with reduced empathic concern. However, primary psychopathy and difficulty identifying feelings (one of three alexithymia traits), but not secondary psychopathy and other two alexithymia traits, were associated with utilitarian judgments. Moreover, hierarchical regression analysis showed that primary psychopathy, difficulty identifying feelings, and empathic concern made unique contributions to the prediction of direct harm on the victim, whereas alexithymia traits made weaker contributions. Although the lack of affective empathy is found in psychopathy and alexithymia, the process through which the two traits lead to utilitarian judgment in sacrificial dilemmas may be distinct. The present findings add to the growing literature, contributing to a fuller picture of the relationship between empathy, trait psychopathy, and alexithymia.
Tracing and countering the “hidden”

Curriculum inquiry has always been about more than just designs, implementations, or evaluations. While it may be true that for the general public, and even for many educators, such technical tasks are the extent of what constitutes curriculum, curriculum scholars have always situated their work within a broader conception that extends well beyond what seems most obvious. One concept curriculum scholars have often mobilized to see beyond what meets the eye is the well-worn notion of the “hidden curriculum. ” While the term was first coined by Philip Jackson (1990) in his important book Life in Classrooms, the notion that there is always more to curriculum than what is planned can be traced back to Carter G. Woodson’s (1933) The Mis-Education of the Negro. Woodson’s project was to unearth the hidden dynamics of a schooling system that, as he shows, was designed not only to keep Black people oppressed but also to use Black teachers themselves as the instruments of such oppression. Since the reconceptualization of curriculum studies in the 1970s, the concept of the “hidden curriculum” has been used to examine a wide range of educational experiences. From studies of the functional role of labels and the differential power relations between teachers and students in the classroom to broader examinations of ideological hegemony and conflict, the “hidden curriculum” has been a key concept in curriculum studies. Each of the four articles in this issue of Curriculum Inquiry offers insights into the importance of paying attention to what is hidden in order to better understand both the larger forces that shape educational experiences as well as to develop strategies for rethinking classroom practice. While none of the authors make use of the concept of the hidden curriculum directly, they all bring light to the fact that there is always more to learning and teaching than what manifests in educational intentions. Utilizing different methodological tools and analytic foci, the authors featured in this issue interrogate the “official” ideologies that inform the objects of their inquiry. The first two articles draw on classroom-based research and bring attention to the hidden dynamics that shape classroom interaction. Closer to Jackson’s (1990) original focus on classrooms, the authors of these two articles focus directly on functional ways of shifting the power dynamics between students and teachers. By contrast, the last two articles draw attention to the hidden ways in which discourses and ideologies shape educational experiences at a macro-social level. This approach reflects a broader focus on how hegemony and the dominant ideologies of
Weld defect classification using EM algorithm for Gaussian mixture model

In this paper we present a new approach to classify weld defects from radiogram images based on Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. The EM is one most algorithm used in statistical pattern recognition. However, it is not yet commonly exploited in the classification of radiogram images in NDT. The approach to detecting weld defects follows a general pattern recognition scheme based on three steps: segmentation, feature extraction and classification. That is in our case, 1) the defects are segmented by using an histogram thresholding; 2) the feature vector of the defect are extracted by using geometrical parameters; and 3) the EM and FCMI algorithms are used for classification. The results show that the proposed algorithm performs much better than FCMI algorithm, and demonstrate that it is efficient for weld defects classification of radiogram images.
Voice related quality of life in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) refers to lung diseases such as, Chronic Bronchitis, Chronic Asthma and Emphysema. These diseases are characterized by obstruction to airflow that interferes with normal breathing and they frequently co-exist. COPD can affect voice as respiration is a vital subsystem for voice production COPD that have a significant voice impairment which might further impact the quality of life. There are very few studies available in the voice literature on the assessment of quality of life in individuals with COPD. In this regard, the study aimed to assess the voice related quality of life in individuals with COPD and compare the findings with normal controls. Methods: 64 participants were considered for this present study under two groups (Group 1: individuals with COPD, Group 2: normal individuals). The voice disorder outcome profile (Voice-DOP), self-perceived severity of voice problem rating scale and the modified medical research council (MMRC) dyspnoea scale were the quality of life measures employed in this study. Results: There was statistically significant difference between the two groups on all the three measures at p < 0.05. Further, a positive correlation was found between all the three measures. Conclusions: These findings indicate that COPD has an impact on the individual’s quality of life. This could be attributed to the voice deviations due to COPD itself or due to the effects of the medication that cause an impact the voice related quality of life in these individuals.
The Impact of Accompanying Text on Visual Processing and Hedonic Evaluation of Art

This study explores how accompanying text affects the way an individual views and interprets a painting. We randomly assigned participants to view 20 paintings from the classical era with factual information, contextualized background information, or no information displayed next to them. We then recorded their visual gaze using an eye-tracking device and asked them to evaluate the paintings. The results show that how people view a painting and how they evaluate a painting are two distinct cognitive processes. The contextual information serves to orient the viewing process. The accompanying text influences the visual attention and gaze pattern but has limited impact on the hedonic evaluation of paintings. Instead, hedonic evaluation is more of a taste acquired through education and socialization. This study offers an empirical footnote to discussions on the cognitive assumptions in sociological studies of art and cultural phenomena.
Neural stem cells improve cognition via BDNF in a transgenic model of Alzheimer disease

Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation represents an unexplored approach for treating neurodegenerative disorders associated with cognitive decline such as Alzheimer disease (AD). Here, we used aged triple transgenic mice (3xTg-AD) that express pathogenic forms of amyloid precursor protein, presenilin, and tau to investigate the effect of neural stem cell transplantation on AD-related neuropathology and cognitive dysfunction. Interestingly, despite widespread and established Aß plaque and neurofibrillary tangle pathology, hippocampal neural stem cell transplantation rescues the spatial learning and memory deficits in aged 3xTg-AD mice. Remarkably, cognitive function is improved without altering Aß or tau pathology. Instead, the mechanism underlying the improved cognition involves a robust enhancement of hippocampal synaptic density, mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Gain-of-function studies show that recombinant BDNF mimics the beneficial effects of NSC transplantation. Furthermore, loss-of-function studies show that depletion of NSC-derived BDNF fails to improve cognition or restore hippocampal synaptic density. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that neural stem cells can ameliorate complex behavioral deficits associated with widespread Alzheimer disease pathology via BDNF.
Near-Optimal Control for Nonzero-Sum Differential Games of Continuous-Time Nonlinear Systems Using Single-Network ADP

In this paper, a near-optimal control scheme is proposed to solve the nonzero-sum differential games of continuous-time nonlinear systems. The single-network adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) is utilized to obtain the optimal control policies which make the cost functions reach the Nash equilibrium of nonzero-sum differential games, where only one critic network is used for each player instead of the action-critic dual network used in a typical ADP architecture. Furthermore, the novel weight tuning laws for critic neural networks are proposed, which not only ensure the Nash equilibrium to be reached but also guarantee the system to be stable. No initial stabilizing control policy is required for each player. Moreover, Lyapunov theory is utilized to demonstrate the uniform ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop system. Finally, a simulation example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed near-optimal control scheme.
Overview of the TREC 2011 Entity Track

The TREC Entity track aimed to build test collections to evaluate entity-oriented search on Web data. In 2011, the track worked with two corpora: the ClueWeb 2009 web corpus and the new Sindice-2011 dataset [2]. Motivated by observations from the 2010 Entity track, we made the following changes in the track setup for 2011. In the REF task, we focused on modifications to simplify the evaluation and to improve cross-system comparison: (1) only primary homepages are accepted, i.e., relevance is binary; (2) for each answer, a (single) supporting document is required; (3) target type is not limited anymore; (4) groups that generate results using Web Search Engines are required to submit an obligatory run, using the Lemur ClueWeb Online Query Service. The main change regarding the LOD task is the use of the Sindice-2011 corpus, an improved and larger Semantic Web crawl, replacing the BTC-2009 collection used in 2010: (1) the target corpus is a larger and more representative LOD crawl; (2) examples are not mapped manually to LOD, but given as ClueWeb document identifiers. Finally, we introduced a new pilot task, REF-LOD, to explore the differences between ranking web data and ranking semantic web data, possibly enabling deeper investigations into connecting Semantic Web data with the ‘real’ web. We basically repeated the REF task, but requested results identified by their LOD URIs instead of their homepages. One of the goals of this task was to gain more insights in entity representation, and specifically investigate how often entities that are not represented on the web with their own homepage are represented as entities in LOD. In the remainder of the paper we first detail the setup of each task. We present the results collected in this year’s track participation, and summarize the approaches applied. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the problems faced by the track, and the way forward.
A comparison of how users search on web finding and re-finding tasks

This study is to investigate how users search for web information for the first time (information finding) and locate previously found results on a subsequent effort (information re-finding). It constructs a two-staged experiment and employs various methods to compare users' search performance on different types of search tasks. The preliminary results show that participants in the study produced more interactions with search tools in the re-finding stage. Though the participants spent less time in the re-finding than that in the finding stage, the difference was not significant. It is worth noting that in some cases the search performance of re-finding was even lower than that of finding. This reveals that re-finding may not work effectively for all search tasks. Further research is needed to investigate on what circumstances users had better initiate new searches rather than repeat previous searches in the re-finding stage.