Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Technical papers: Software evaluation: Security attribute evaluation method: a cost-benefit approach

A swimming pool comprises a polygonal enclosure wall for a pool liner, which includes vertical extruded angular metal sections at the corners between which are straight sections, the lower edges and the top edges of said wall being seated in and clamped between an upwardly facing base channel and a downwardly facing cap channel, respectively. The vertical edges of said wall sections are formed to provide for assembly and separable direct interlocking of said sections without fasteners or welding before the cap is applied and upon vertical relative sliding of the sections. A walk bordering the top edge of the enclosure wall and a sundeck include extruded interlocking sections supported on horizontal bars connected to the wall and to vertical posts whose lower ends are seated on and interlocked with a flange of the base channel without fasteners or welding. A picket fence is rigidly but separably mounted on the walk or deck.
Fast practical solution of sorting by reversals

We deal with the practical solution of the problem of Sorting a permutation By Reversals (SBR), which has relevant applications in computational biology. We present a successful approach based on the use of Linear Programming (LP). In particular, we deal with an LP relaxation with exponentially many variables, that can be handled by generating variables "on the fly", according to a so-called column generation scheme. A major advantage with respect to previous analogous approaches is that the subproblem to face in the column generation phase requires no longer the solution of min-cost general matching problems, but the solution of raincost bipartite matching problems. Experiments show that, at least for our purposes, there is a speed-up of one order of magnitude in going from general matching to bipartite matching, although the best-known algorithms for. the two problems have the same theoretical worst-case complexity. We also prove the worst-case ratio between the lower bound value obtained by our new method and previous ones. The LP relaxation is used within a polynomial-time heuristic and an enumerative exact algorithm for SBR. We show the effectiveness of our approach through extensive computational experiments. In particular, we can solve to proven optimality the largest real-world instances from the literature in few seconds, and the other (smaller) realworld instances within few milliseconds on a workstation. Moreover, we can solve to optimality random instances with n = 100 within 2-3 seconds, as well as provide a solution within 2% of the optimum for ranxtom instances with n = 500 within 10 minutes. These results show that, although the problem is hard and the exact algorithm we propose has apparently exponential running time even on average (in particular, random instances with n = 400 seem to take months, if not much longer), the instances of practical interest can be solved to proven optimality very fast.
Great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) dietary exposure to PCDD/DF in the Tittabawassee River floodplain in Midland, Michigan, USA

Soils and sediments in the floodplain of the Tittabawassee River downstream of Midland, Michigan, USA contain elevated concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) and polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins (PCDD). As a long‐lived, resident top predator, the great horned owl (Bubo virginianus; GHO) has the potential to be exposed to bioaccumulative compounds such as PCDD/DF. Site‐specific components of the GHO diet were collected along 115 km of the Tittabawassee, Pine, Chippewa, and Saginaw Rivers during 2005 and 2006. The site‐specific GHO biomass‐based diet was dominated by cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) and muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus). Incidental soil ingestion and cottontail rabbits were the primary contributors of PCDD/DF to the GHO diet. The great horned owl daily dietary exposure estimates were greater in the study area (SA) (3.3 to 5.0 ng 2,3,7,8‐TCDD equivalents (TEQWHO‐avian)/kg body wt/d) than the reference area (RA) (0.07 ng TEQWHO‐Avian/kg body wt/d). Hazard quotients (HQs) based on central tendency estimates of the average daily dose and no‐observable‐adverse effect level (NOAEL) for the screech owl and uncertainty factors were <1.0 for both the RA and the SA. Hazard quotients based on upper end estimates of the average daily dose and NOAEL were <1.0 in the RA and up to 3.4 in the SA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2350–2362. © 2010 SETAC
What Your CDN Won't Tell You: Optimizing a News Website for Speed and Stability

In this paper, the authors discuss their experiences implementing, operating, and optimizing a content delivery network for Canada's largest news website, that of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). The site receives over one million unique visitors per day. Although CBC uses the Akamai Aqua Platform (formerly EdgeSuite) as its content delivery network of choice, the lessons described here are generally applicable to any infrastructure fronted by a CDN.
The firm, property rights and methodological individualism: some lessons from J.S. Mill

In modern economics, the firm is a means of overcoming the inefficiencies generated by transaction costs and incomplete contracts. Its boundaries, therefore, are the means by which the efficiency of competition can be salvaged. Whether or not agents feel comfortable with the values which underlie various ownership structures remains outside this theory. Moreover, the working of different ownership structures is entirely based on the presumption that agents' motivation (as opposed to incentives) will remain constant. This, of course, is typical of methodological individualism where the analysis is one directional: from the agent to society. However, methodological individualism does not have to be confined to such narrow analytical conceptions. It would still be methodological individualism if social institutions would feedback into the behaviour (motivation) of agents. The main purpose of this paper is to show that a more socially conscious methodological individualism was employed in the analysis of the firm by classical economists like J.S. Mill. I will show that Mill was acutely aware of the significance of the proximity of ownership to the productivity of the operator. However, he was also aware of the function of the larger social context within which the operator worked. While Mill recognised the technological benefits of larger operations (corporations), he also recognised that in an environment where the system repeatedly fails the expectation of the larger body of workers, the gains from large enterprises may be completely undermined. Given Mill's general belief in the progress of humanity and in the possible improvement in the characteristics of individual members of society, he thought that in the future, such large enterprises may work well if ownership was given to all those engaged in the production process. While the work of J.S. Mill is clearly incomplete, he has rightly drawn attention to the neglected interrelationship between social arrangements and economic agents. In this respect, he offers a far more comprehensive insight into the possible cause and boundaries of the firm.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Measurement of the ratio of prompt c to J/ production in pp collisions at 7 TeV

The prompt production of charmonium χ c and J /ψ states is studied in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √ s = 7 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The χ c and J /ψ mesons are identiﬁed through their decays χ c → J /ψ γ and J /ψ → μ + μ − using 36 pb − 1 of data collected by the LHCb detector in 2010. The ratio of the prompt production cross-sections for χ c and J /ψ , σ ( χ c → J /ψ γ )/ σ ( J /ψ) , is determined as a function of the J /ψ transverse momentum in the range 2 < p J /ψ T < 15 GeV / c . The results are in excellent agreement with next-to-leading order non-relativistic expectations and show a signiﬁcant discrepancy compared with the colour singlet model prediction at leading order, especially in the low p J /ψ T region. © 2012 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Moving beyond “Just the Facts”

The increasing use of online news, particularly by young Americans, pointsto the importance of understanding what users learn from this form of news and whether features of online news encourage or discourage various types of learning. This experimental study demonstrates that online news that takes advantage of one of the key characteristics of the Web—the use of in-text hyperlinks—may actually discourage learning of the facts that make up many news stories. But this same linking structure apparently encourages those who commonly use the Web to have more densely interconnected knowledge structures for public affairs topics. However, those who rarely use the Webfor news do not gain such advantages and may even suffer disadvantages. These findings point to limitations in most past online news learning research, which has been limited to “just the facts” in its measurement of learning from the news.
Microsatellites versus single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in confidence interval estimation of disease loci

With cost‐effective high‐throughput Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) arrays now becoming widely available, it is highly anticipated that SNPs will soon become the choice of markers in whole genome screens. This optimism raises a great deal of interest in assessing whether dense SNP maps offer at least as much information as their microsatellite (MS) counterparts. Factors considered to date include information content, strength of linkage signals, and effect of linkage disequilibrium. In the current report, we focus on investigating the relative merits of SNPs vs. MS markers for disease gene localization. For our comparisons, we consider three novel confidence interval estimation procedures based on confidence set inference (CSI) using affected sib‐pair data. Two of these procedures are multipoint in nature, enabling them to capitalize on dense SNPs with limited heterozygosity. The other procedure makes use of markers one at a time (two‐point), but is much more computationally efficient. In addition to marker type, we also assess the effects of a number of other factors, including map density and marker heterozygosity, on disease gene localization through an extensive simulation study. Our results clearly show that confidence intervals derived based on the CSI multipoint procedures can place the trait locus in much shorter chromosomal segments using densely saturated SNP maps as opposed to using sparse MS maps. Finally, it is interesting (although not surprising) to note that, should one wish to perform a quick preliminary genome screening, then the two‐point CSI procedure would be a preferred, computationally cost‐effective choice. Genet. Epidemiol. 30:3–17, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Repair Method for Differential Evolution with Combined Variants to Solve Dynamic Constrained Optimization Problems

Repair methods, which usually require feasible solutions as reference, have been employed by Evolutionary Algorithms to solve constrained optimization problems. In this work, a novel repair method, which does not require feasible solutions as reference and inspired by the differential mutation, is added to an algorithm which uses two variants of differential evolution to solve dynamic constrained optimization problems. The proposed repair method replaces a local search operator with the aim to improve the overall performance of the algorithm in different frequencies of change in the constrained space. The proposed approach is compared against other recently proposed algorithms in an also recently proposed benchmark. The results show that the proposed improved algorithm outperforms its original version and provides a very competitive overall performance with different change frequencies.
World Pointing : Improving Natural Pointing Interaction with Real-World Landmarks

Selecting items from digital systems using full-body pointing gestures recently became popularized by mainstream devices such as the Wii and the Kinect. Although this kind of gesture has long been subject to research, we still do not know much about how to design pointing targets, which act as selection proxies, in order to make them easily learnable and quickly selectable for users. In this research note, we argue for the use of real-world objects as selection proxies and show that using them allows significantly better performance in terms of selection time, accuracy and learnability over virtual pointing targets such as Virtual Shelves and Air Pointing.
The SynDiKATe Text Knowledge Base Generator

SYNDIKATE comprises a family of text understanding systems for automatically acquiring knowledge from real-world texts, viz. information technology test reports and medical finding reports. Their content is transformed to formal representation structures which constitute corresponding text knowledge bases. SYNDIKATE's architecture integrates requirements from the analysis of single sentences, as well as those of referentially linked sentences forming cohesive texts. Besides centering-based discourse analysis mechanisms for pronominal, nominal and bridging anaphora, SYNDIKATE is supplied with a learning module for automatically bootstrapping its domain knowledge as text analysis proceeds.
The Regulation of AP-1 Activity by Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases (*)

AP-1 is a collection of dimeric sequence specific, DNA binding, transcriptional activators composed ofJun and Fos subunits. The composition, the level and the activity of AP1 complexes are regulated in response to extracellular stimuli. An important role in this regulation is played by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The specific roles of three MAPKs, namely ERK, JNK and FRK, in modulation of both the level and activity of AP-1, are discussed.
Analysis of the possibility that transurethral resection promotes metastasis in prostate cancer

The issue of transurethral resection (TURP) in patients with known prostatic adenocarcinoma is a current clinical controversy. Data have accumulated to associate this procedure with an adverse risk of distant spread and death for a defined subset of patients with moderate and poorly differentiated, T3 and T4 (Stage C) tumors. Review of available literature demonstrates that examination of this subset is incomplete in studies that do not find an adverse prognosis. The reason for the association of TURP and metastasis may be related directly to the resection via mechanical dissemination of tumor or indirectly through association with unknown adverse factors. Retrospective review may be unable to separate these two hypotheses, but hazard function analysis is presented and is consistent with surgical enhancement of metastases. Strategies for avoiding the adverse effect represent areas for possible further clinical research.
Static text region detection in video sequences using color and orientation consistencies

Motion compensated error of the static text in the frame rate conversion (FRC) is most annoying artifact because people cannot read it. In this paper, we present a novel static text region detection algorithm for preventing the motion compensation error in FRC. We use some consistent properties of the static text that the color of the text is spatio-temporally consistent and the orientation of the text boundary is preserved in consecutive frames. We observe whether each pixelpsilas consistency is preserved for several frames, and then we decide it as a static text. Our algorithm can not only perfectly extract the static text region but also easily be implemented in hardware because of its ease.
Understanding the Intentions of Accounting Students in China to Pursue Certified Public Accountant Designation

ABSTRACT Based on the theory of planned behavior [Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211], we examine the factors influencing the decisions of accounting students in China concerning the certified public accountant (CPA) designation. Surveying 288 college accounting students, we find that genuine interest, perceived professional independence in the workplace and perceived difficulties in maintaining the certification all affect students' intentions to pursue the CPA credential. Expectations of better market opportunities for those with CPA and the influence of important professional referees also positively influence students' decisions to earn CPA qualification. By highlighting these factors that attract students to pursue CPA, this paper has important implications for the accounting educators and other stakeholders.
Adenosine Deaminase Polymorphism Affects Sleep EEG Spectral Power in a Large Epidemiological Sample

Slow wave oscillations in the electroencephalogram (EEG) during sleep may reflect both sleep need and intensity, which are implied in homeostatic regulation. Adenosine is strongly implicated in sleep homeostasis, and a single nucleotide polymorphism in the adenosine deaminase gene (ADA G22A) has been associated with deeper and more efficient sleep. The present study verified the association between the ADA G22A polymorphism and changes in sleep EEG spectral power (from C3-A2, C4-A1, O1-A2, and O2-A1 derivations) in the Epidemiologic Sleep Study (EPISONO) sample from São Paulo, Brazil. Eight-hundred individuals were subjected to full-night polysomnography and ADA G22A genotyping. Spectral analysis of the EEG was carried out in all individuals using fast Fourier transformation of the signals from each EEG electrode. The genotype groups were compared in the whole sample and in a subsample of 120 individuals matched according to ADA genotype for age, gender, body mass index, caffeine intake status, presence of sleep disturbance, and sleep-disturbing medication. When compared with homozygous GG genotype carriers, A allele carriers showed higher delta spectral power in Stage 1 and Stages 3+4 of sleep, and increased theta spectral power in Stages 1, 2 and REM sleep. These changes were seen both in the whole sample and in the matched subset. The higher EEG spectral power indicates that the sleep of individuals carrying the A allele may be more intense. Therefore, this polymorphism may be an important source of variation in sleep homeostasis in humans, through modulation of specific components of the sleep EEG.
Accumulation of S-Adenosyl-l-Methionine Enhances Production of Actinorhodin but Inhibits Sporulation in Streptomyces lividans TK23

ABSTRACT S-Adenosyl-l-methionine synthetase (SAM-s) catalyzes the biosynthesis of SAM from ATP and l-methionine. Despite extensive research with many organisms, its role in Streptomyces sp. remains unclear. In the present study, the putative SAM-s gene was isolated from a spectinomycin producer, Streptomyces spectabilis. The purified protein from the transformed Escherichia coli with the isolated gene synthesized SAM from l-methionine and ATP in vitro, strongly indicating that the isolated gene indeed encoded the SAM-s protein. The overexpression of the SAM-s gene in Streptomyces lividans TK23 inhibited sporulation and aerial mycelium formation but enhanced the production of actinorhodin in both agar plates and liquid media. Surprisingly, the overexpressed SAM was proven by Northern analysis to increase the production of actinorhodin through the induction of actII-ORF4, a transcription activator of actinorhodin biosynthetic gene clusters. In addition, we found that a certain level of intracellular SAM is critical for the induction of antibiotic biosynthetic genes, since the control strain harboring only the plasmid DNA did not show any induction of actII-ORF4 until it reached a certain level of SAM in the cell. From these results, we concluded that the SAM plays important roles as an intracellular factor in both cellular differentiation and antibiotic production in Streptomyces sp.
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN RUHSAL DURUMLARININ BELİRLENMESİ

Bu arastirma universite ogrencilerinin kisa semptom envanteri ile ruhsal durumlarinin belirlenmesi amaciyla tanimlayici olarak yapilmistir.Bu calisma, universite 1. sinifta ogrenim goren 935 ogrenci ile gerceklestiril­mistir. Arastirmada bilgi formu ve kisa semptom envanteri (KSE) kullanilmistir. Verilerin analizinde yuzdelik, Independent samples t testi ve one-way ANOVA kullanilmistir.Ogrencilerin KSE’nin alt olceklerinden en yuksek puan ortalamasina sahip olan ruhsal belirtileri sirasiyla hostilite (1.07 ± 0.88), obsesif kompulsif bozukluk (OKB) (1.03 ± 0.77) ve paranoid dusuncedir (1.03 ± 0.81). Olcek genel puani olan rahatsizlik ciddiyeti indeksi (0.17 ± 0.12) bulunmustur. Puan ortalamalarina gore ogrencilerin ruhsal belirti sikliginin dusuk oldugu soylenebilir. De­giskenler ile KSE puan ortalamalari karsilastirildiginda cinsiyet, gelir duzeyi ve sosyal destek ile ruhsal belirti sikligi arasinda istatistiksel olarak an­lamli farkliliklar bulunmustur. Gelir durumunu ve sosyal destegini yetersiz olarak ifade eden kiz ogrencilerin ruhsal belirti puan ortalamalari diger gruplara gore yuksek bulunmustur.Universite ogrencileri, Ruh sagligi, Ruhsal belirtiler
Commonplaces in Risk Talk: Face Threats and Forms of Interaction

Talk about risk is problematic for interaction; it can involve the speaker or hearer saying things that threaten participants' ‘face’, the ways they want themselves to be seen by others. One way of dealing with these threats to face, and to keep the conversation going, is the use of commonplaces. Commonplaces, generally applicable and generally known arguments, play an important role in interaction, invoking shared, taken‐for‐granted perspectives embedded in familiar roles and everyday practices. They are similar to some of the frames discussed in risk communication, but they focus our attention on rhetoric and interaction rather than cognition. In this paper, I show how commonplaces are used in focus group discussions of public choices involving dangers to life or health. They tend to be used in response to dilemmas, when a speaker is put on the spot, and they tend to lead to other commonplaces. Analysis of commonplaces supports those who argue that studies of public perception of risks and programmes of communication about risks need to be sensitive to the personal interactions, rhetorical strategies, and cultural embeddedness of any risk talk.
Fault diagnosis in voltage-fed PWM motor drives based on discrete voltage states

This paper presents a new approach for diagnosis of short circuit Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) faults in a three-phase voltage-fed motor drive. The three-phase Pulsewidth Modulated (PWM) voltage signals are monitored and digitised into two discrete levels. The combination of discrete voltage levels of the three phases composes eight voltage states. For a healthy Sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) motor drive, all eight states are monitored within one carrier period. However, when a fault occurs certain states cannot be obtained. A fault signature set is defined for each switch fault. By comparing the monitored states with the fault signature sets, the faulty switch is detected and isolated. A PWM voltage source inverter that feeds a threephase Permanent Magnet Synchronous motor with IGBT switch faults is simulated and the fault diagnosis algorithm is applied. The results show that the faults can be diagnosed within tens of microseconds. The robustness of the proposed fault diagnosis and isolation (FDI) approach to the load changes is tested by connecting the motor to a variable mechanical torque.