Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control of Spin-Crossover Phenomena in One-Dimensional Triazole-Coordinated Iron(II) Complexes by Means of Functional Counter Ions

The spin-crossover (SCO) phenomenon between a high-spin and a low-spin state has attracted much attention in the field of materials science. Among the various kinds of SCO complexes, the triazole-bridged iron(II) polymeric chain system, [Fe(II)(R-trz)3]X2·xH2O (where trz is triazole and X is the anion), exhibiting the SCO phenomenon with thermal hysteresis around room temperature, has been extensively studied from the viewpoint of molecular memory and molecular devices. In connection with this system, we have controlled the SCO phenomenon according to the characteristic properties of counter ions. In the case of X being CnH2n+1SO3−, the spin transition temperature (T1/2) increases with increasing the length (n) of the alkyl chain of the counter ion and saturates above n = 5, which is attributed to the increase in the intermolecular interaction of the alkyl chains of CnH2n+1SO3−, called the fastener effect. The hysteresis width of T1/2 decreases with increasing n, showing the even-odd, also known as parity, effect. In the cases where X is toluenesulfonate (tos: CH3C6H4SO3−) and aminobenzenesulfonate (abs: NH2C6H4SO3−), T1/2 and its hysteresis width vary drastically with the structural isomerism (ortho-, metha-, and para-substitution) of counter ions, which implies the possibility of photoinduced spin transition by means of the photoisomerization of counter ions. From this strategy, we have synthesized [Fe(II)(NH2-trz)3](SP150)2·2H2O (SP150 = N-alkylsulfonated spiropyran) and investigated the SCO phenomenon. Moreover, we have developed [Fe(II)(R-trz)3]@Nafion films exhibiting spin transition around room temperature, where the Nafion membrane behaves as a counter anion as well as a transparent substrate, and investigated the photogenerated high-spin state below 35 K. The lifetime of the photogenerated high-spin state strongly depends on the intensity of irradiated light.
The Experience of Higher Education from the Perspective of Disabled Students

This article describes the findings and examines the issues arising from a small-scale investigation into the experience of higher education from the perspective of disabled students at a university in the United Kingdom, and makes recommendations for policy and practice. Methodology involved semi-structured interviews with participants to reveal individual experience and analysis of relevant documentation from the university to examine the rhetoric underlying their experience. Factors that create a positive experience for disabled students, and those which effect discriminatory practice and marginalisation are identified. The implications of the findings for policy and practice are discussed, and conclusions drawn including: the need for a central policy which supports the philosophy of an accessible learning environment for all students; central co-ordination to implement the policy with practical guidelines to departments; ongoing monitoring and evaluation procedures which involve disabled students; staff training and awareness; student advocacy.
Insulin-like Growth Factors Regulate Neuronal Differentiation and Survival

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-II are potent trophic factors for motor and sensory neurons and glial cells. The actions of IGF-I and IGF-II are mediated via the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR). IGF:IGF-IR binding activates distinct signaling cascades, which in turn mediate the trophic effects of the IGFs. We discuss three main IGF coupled events: growth cone motility, long-term neurite outgrowth, and neuroprotection. Our data suggest that IGF-I enhances growth cone motility by promoting reorganization of actin and activation of focal adhesion proteins via the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (Pl-3K) pathway. Long-term treatment with IGF-I activates the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade and promotes neurite outgrowth. A separable, but likely linked, action of the IGFs via Pl-3K is protection of neurons from apoptosis. These pleotrophic effects of IGFs suggest that this family of growth factors may have potential clinical utility in the treatment of neurological disorders.
Caregiving as Women's Work: Women's Experiences of Powerfulness and Powerlessness as Caregivers

In this study, two groups of women caregivers, older family caregivers, and women who do "double duty" caregiving (paid health care professionals who simultaneously are unpaid elder caregivers in their 'off' time), participated in daylong research workshops in which they first identified dimensions of an "ideal" caregiving situation and then, using a critical incident technique, explored the meaning of "power"-feeling powerful and powerless-for them as caregivers. This article is devoted to examining the ways in which women understand the notion of "powerfulness" and "powerlessness" in their work as caregivers. Themes emerging from caregivers' critical incidents are discussed and considered in light of previous literature. The article concludes by drawing implications from the project's findings for policy, practice, advocacy, and conceptual development.
Stalking and Intimate Partner Femicide

An 18-item stalking inventory and personal interviews with knowledgeable proxy informants and victims of attempted femicide were used to describe the frequency and type of intimate partner stalking that occurred within 12 months of attempted and actual partner femicide. One hundred forty-one femicide and 65 attempted femicide incidents were evaluated. The prevalence of stalking was 76% for femicide victims and 85% for attempted femicide victims. Incidence of intimate partner assault was 67% for femicide victims and 71% for attempted femicide victims. A statistically significant association existed between intimate partner physical assault and stalking for femicide victims as well as attempted femicide victims. Stalking is revealed to be a correlate of lethal and near lethal violence against women and, coupled with physical assault, is significantly associated with murder and attempted murder. Stalking must be considered a risk factor for both femicide and attempted femicide, and abused women should be so advised.
Occupational therapy ‐ its contribution to social inclusion and recovery

Occupational therapy is a crucial part of the recovery agenda and social inclusion for people who experience mental ill health. Occupational therapists strive to support individuals to realise their potential by enabling them to participate in and contribute to society. Increasing someone's confidence by involvement with voluntary groups, work or training helps recovery. The importance and potential contribution of occupational therapy can be misunderstood or overlooked.
Toward a New Method of Detecting Deliberately Faked Personality Tests: The Use of Idiosyncratic Item Responses

This study presents a new method for developing faking detection scales based on idiosyncratic item-response patterns. Two scoring schemes based on this approach strongly differentiated between scores obtained under honest vs directed faking conditions in cross-validation samples (r=(pb). 45 and . 67). This approach is shown to successfully classify between 20% and 37% of faked personality measures with only a 1% false positive rate in a sample comprised of 56% honest responses. Of equal importance, this method does not result in a scale that meaningfully correlates with personality or cognitive ability tests. This study raises many questions about both the source and generalizabiltiy of the effect. Key directions for future research and improved scale development that may limit or enhance the utility of the idiosyncratic item-response method are discussed.
Reconstructing Graph Pattern Matches Using SPARQL

Pattern matching is the foundation for handling complex queries to graph databases. Commonly used algorithms stem from the realm of graph isomorphism and simulations, being well understood theoretical frameworks. On the practical side, there are established graph query languages that often allow for a wide variety of query tasks, often even beyond pattern matching. However, very little is known how graph queries from common query languages relate to graph pattern matching relations. In this paper, we propose a study in this respect for SPARQL, the W3C recommendation for querying RDF data. The homomorphic nature of the SPARQL semantics allows for a straight-forward formulation of graph-isomorphic matching. However, the somewhat artiﬁcial nature of these queries motivates the study of sole basic graph patterns, the foundational concept of SPARQL. For basic graph patterns, we show a correspondence to strong simulation, an eﬃcient graph pattern matching relation appreciated for its polynomial bound matches. In consequence, graph query languages are capable of serving as generating frameworks for established graph pattern matching relations.
A Social Constructionist Approach to Disability: Implications for Special Education

Proponents of a social model of disability derive their arguments from social constructionism. They combine different disabling conditions under one term: disability. Subsequently, they apply the specific viewpoint of the disability rights social movement of people with physical disabilities to other conditions such as intellectual disabilities, autism, sensory disabilities, and emotional and behavioral disorders. Based on flawed premises and a romantic concept of social inclusion, special education is condemned as segregationist. The result is an unjust and uniform educational policy toward people whose disabilities are not physical.
The Use of Distributed Information in Decision Making Groups: The Role of Shared Task Representations

Organizations frequently rely on groups for purposes of decision making, because groups are supposed to posses more relevant informational resources than individuals, which should allow them to make higher-quality decisions. Yet, research has shown that groups tend to be quite poor users of their informational resources. That is, information that only one of the group members possesses gets exchanged less than information that all members possess. Moreover, when this information does get exchanged, groups often fail to adequately integrate it in coming to a decision. This can lead to lower-quality decisions than when groups fully capitalize upon individual members’ unique information. It therefore is of importance to identify factors that affect decision-making groups’ use of distributed information. In the present research I argue that group members’ understanding of their task and its informational requirements is critical for groups’ use of distributed information. A fundamental reason for groups’ insufficient information use seems to be that groups often fail to see the necessity of elaborating on distributed information. Group members’ understanding of the decision-making task often seems to centre more on the need to find common ground than on the discussion of information. In the present dissertation I examine the effect of groups’ understanding of their decision task, as reflected in their shared task representations, on groups’ use of distributed information by means of a series of experiments. I show that when groups hold task representations that stress the value of exchanging and integration distributed information before coming to a decision, they discuss more distributed information and make higher-quality decisions. In addition, I identify several factors, like group reflexivity and leadership, that are able to influence the development of shared task representations and therefore also group information use and performance in decision making groups with distributed information.
The Periodic Unfolding Method in Homogenization

The periodic unfolding method was introduced in 2002 in [Cioranescu, Damlamian, and Griso, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. 1, 335 (2002), pp. 99–104] (with the basic proofs in [Proceedings of the Narvi.
Sexual Behavior Model Among Young Thai Women Living in Slums in Bangkok, Thailand

There has been a dramatic drop in age at first intercourse and concurrent rise in HIV infections among young Thai women living in slums. The participants included 492 young Thai women (average age = 19.7 years). They provided detailed self-perception, emotion, sexual self-efficacy, cognitive strategies, and power in relationships. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore sexual behavior model. Findings highlight the extreme vulnerability of Thai female adolescents who engage in risky sexual behaviors: 55.8% were sexually active with 41.8% having vaginal sex without using condom. Significant enabling factors included perceived ability to precautions (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7), relational gain thinking (OR = 1.5), and curious gain thinking (OR = 1.3). The significant protective factors were decision-making dominance (OR = 0.3), perceived ability to say no (OR = 0.7), and ethical-related punishment avoidance thinking (OR = 0.8). These findings contribute to greater understanding of factors involved in sexual risk taking. Implications for behavioral modification addressing cognition and power in relationships are discussed.
A Minimum Cost Active and Backup Path Algorithm with SRLG Constraints

As more and more mission critical service are now transported over high-speed networks, It becomes an important issue to make use of the relativity of multiple link/node failures and improve transport performance for high-speed networks. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm called Low cost an S disjoint paths algorithm (LCSD for short) to Establish a SRLG disjoint active path and backup path pair for network protection. Based on the TF algorithm, LCSD algorithm introduces the number of links which relate to the SRLG as a new constraint. Through link weight adjustment before the second time SPF calculate, the backup path can avoid the risk sharing with active path. Theoretical analysis and experiment results have shown that LCSD algorithm resolved the trap problem and path pair total cost non-optimal problem under SRLG disjoint constraint. Compared with RF and TF algorithms, LCSD algorithm is significantly superiority in the successful ratio to find feasible solution and can guarantee minimum total cost of active and backup path.
Math1 Gene Transfer Generates New Cochlear Hair Cells in Mature Guinea Pigs In Vivo

Hair cell loss in the mammalian cochlea is irreversible and results in permanent hearing loss. Math1, the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor homolog of the Drosophila atonal gene, is a positive regulator of hair cell differentiation during cochlear development. Developing hair cells express Math1, and nonsensory cells do not. We set out to determine the outcome of overexpression of Math1 in nonsensory cells of the cochlea on the phenotype of these cells. We demonstrate that in vivo inoculation of adenovirus with the Math1 gene insert into the endolymph of the mature guinea pig cochlea results in Math1 overexpression in nonsensory cochlear cells, as evident from the presence of Math1 protein in supporting cells of the organ of Corti and in adjacent nonsensory epithelial cells. Math1 overexpression leads to the appearance of immature hair cells in the organ of Corti and new hair cells adjacent to the organ of Corti in the interdental cell, inner sulcus, and Hensen cell regions. Axons are extended from the bundle of auditory nerve toward some of the new hair cells, suggesting that the new cells attract auditory neurons. We conclude that nonsensory cells in the mature cochlea retain the competence to generate new hair cells after overexpression of Math1 in vivo and that Math1 is necessary and sufficient to direct hair cell differentiation in these mature nonsensory cells.
Apprentissage coopératif et entraide à l'école

Alain Baudrit -Kooperatives Lernen und gegenseitige Hilfe in der Schule. Im allgemeinen hat die Zusammenarbeit zum Vorteil, die Personen in einer Gruppe zur gegenseitigen Hilfe aufzufordern, sie kann die Entwicklung prosozialer Verhaltensweisen und altruistischer Haltungen fordern. Diese Aspekte werden im Rahmen des Schulkontextes in Frage gestellt, wo kooperative Lernformen mit Hilfe der Gruppenpadagogik angewandt sind. Das Alter der Schuler, die Tatsache, dass sie auf die Zusammenarbeit vorbereitet sind oder nicht, die Beziehungen zwischen Hilfenachfrage und -angebot, den Typus der Schulaktivitaten, der soziale Status des Schulers in der Klasse, die Freundschaftsbeziehungen sind alle Faktoren, die imstande sind, den Verlauf der Zusammenarbeit zu beeinflussen und von daher das schulische Lernen zu fordern oder eben nicht. Schlieslich konnte den Gruppen, die auf der Basis einer funktionellen gegenseitigen Abhangigkeit strukturiert sind, ein interaktiver Mehrwert zugute kommen, die imstande ware, die individuellen Kontakte, die wechselseitigen Verhaltnisse zwischen Schulern zu stimulieren, und somit einen fur die Zusammenarbeit sehr gunstigen Nahrboden bieten.
Use of Generalized Person-Fit Indexes, Zetas for Statistical Pattern Classification.

Person-fit indexes have often been used for detecting aberrant response patterns resulting from unusual behavior such as cheating. Because the focus of these indexes is on an individual's performance on a test rather than on sample statistics, they should be able to be used for cognitive diagnosis. However, cognitive theories show that a number of different sources of misconception affect test performance, and some misconceptions can be seen in many class- rooms. Therefore, application of person-fit statistics to cognitive diagnosis requires a special consideration, whereby we have to detect "normal" and "usual" response patterns resulting from several sources of misconception that are frequently observed among students. This study shows a solution for this problem by introducing an extension of Tatsuoka's (1985) ζ index-generalzed ζs-and discusses their statistical properties in the context of cognitive diagnosis.
Morphologies of Two Massive Old Galaxies at z ~ 2.5

We present the results of NICMOS imaging of two massive galaxies photometrically selected to have old stellar populations at z ∼ 2.5. Both galaxies are dominated by apparent disks of old stars, although one of them also has a small bulge comprising about one-third of the light at rest-frame 4800 Å. The presence of massive disks of old stars at high redshift means that at least some massive galaxies in the early universe have formed directly from the dissipative collapse of a large mass of gas. The stars formed in disks like these may have made significant contributions to the stellar populations of massive spheroids at the present epoch.
Virtual nonenhanced dual-energy CT urography with tin-filter technology: determinants of detection of urinary calculi in the renal collecting system.

PURPOSE To retrospectively determine which features of urinary calculi are associated with their detection after virtual elimination of contrast medium at dual-energy computed tomographic (CT) urography by using a novel tin filter. MATERIALS AND METHODS The institutional ethics committee approved this retrospective study, with waiver of informed consent. A total of 152 patients were examined with single-energy nonenhanced CT and dual-energy CT urography in the excretory phase (either 140 and 80 kV [n=44] or 140 and 100 kV [n=108], with tin filtration at 140 kV). The contrast medium in the renal pelvis and ureters was virtually removed from excretory phase images by using postprocessing software, resulting in virtual nonenhanced (VNE) images. The sensitivity regarding the detection of calculi on VNE images compared with true nonenhanced (TNE) images was determined, and interrater agreement was evaluated by using the Cohen k test. By using logistic regression, the influences of image noise, attenuation, and stone size, as well as attenuation of the contrast medium, on the stone detection rate were assessed. Threshold values with maximal sensitivity and specificity were calculated by means of receiver operating characteristic analyses. RESULTS Eighty-seven stones were detected on TNE images; 46 calculi were identified on VNE images (sensitivity, 52.9%). Interrater agreement revealed a κ value of 0.95 with TNE images and 0.91 with VNE data. Size (long-axis diameter, P=.005; short-axis diameter, P=.041) and attenuation (P=.0005) of the calculi and image noise (P=.0031) were significantly associated with the detection rate on VNE images. As threshold values, size larger than 2.9 mm, maximum attenuation of the calculi greater than 387 HU, and image noise less than 20 HU were found. CONCLUSION After virtual elimination of contrast medium, large (>2.9 mm) and high-attenuation (>387 HU) calculi can be detected with good reliability; smaller and lower attenuation calculi might be erased from images, especially with increased image noise.
Tinnitus in Normal-Hearing Participants after Exposure to Intense Low-Frequency Sound and in Ménière’s Disease Patients

Tinnitus is one of the three classical symptoms of Ménière’s disease (MD), an inner ear disease that is often accompanied by endolymphatic hydrops. Previous studies indicate that tinnitus in MD patients is dominated by low frequencies, whereas tinnitus in non-hydropic pathologies is typically higher in frequency. Tinnitus of rather low-frequency (LF) quality was also reported to occur for about 90 s in normal-hearing participants after presentation of intense, LF sound (120 dB SPL, 30 Hz, 90 s). LF sound has been demonstrated to also cause temporary endolymphatic hydrops in animal models. Here, we quantify tinnitus in two study groups with chronic (MD patients) and presumably transient endolymphatic hydrops (normal-hearing participants after LF exposure) with a psychophysical procedure. Participants matched their tinnitus either with a pure tone of adjustable frequency and level or with a noise of adjustable spectral shape and level. Sensation levels of matching stimuli were lower for MD patients (mean: 8 dB SL) than for normal-hearing participants (mean: 15 dB SL). Transient tinnitus after LF-exposure occurred in all normal-hearing participants (N = 28). About half of the normal-hearing participants matched noise to their tinnitus, the other half chose a pure tone with frequencies below 2 kHz. MD patients matched their tinnitus with either high-frequency pure tones, mainly above 3 kHz, or with a noise. Despite a significant proportion of MD patients matching low-pass (roaring) noises to their tinnitus, the range of matched stimuli was more heterogeneous than previous data suggested. We propose that in those participants with noise-like tinnitus, the percept is probably generated by increased spontaneous activity of auditory nerve fibers with a broad range of characteristic frequencies, due to an impaired ion balance in the cochlea. For tonal tinnitus, additional mechanisms are conceivable: focal hair cell loss can result in decreased auditory nerve firing and a central auditory overcompensation. Also, normal-hearing participants after LF-exposure experience alterations in spontaneous otoacoustic emissions, which may contribute to a transient tonal tinnitus.
A Two-Dimensional Ratings-Based Procedure for Sociometric Status Determination as an Alternative to the Asher and Dodge System

The present study compares the results of three two-dimensional procedures for sociometric status determination: the Asher and Dodge (1986) system, the rating scale method SSrat of Maassen, Akkermans, and Van der Linden (1996), and the nomination procedure of Coie and Dodge (1983). The study followed 170 children from third grade through sixth grade. Children were asked (a) to nominate the classmates with whom they most liked and least liked to play, and (b) to rate how much they liked to play with each of their classmates. The SSrat method determines sociometric status with higher validity and stability than do the other two methods. SSrat's methodological strengths and practical advantages as compared to the Asher and Dodge system demonstrate that it is a valuable, if not preferable, alternative for determining children's sociometric status in situations where the use of a rating scale is appropriate.