Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of MRFAP1 Turnover and Interactions Downstream of the NEDD8 Pathway

The NEDD8-Cullin E3 ligase pathway plays an important role in protein homeostasis, in particular the degradation of cell cycle regulators and transcriptional control networks. To characterize NEDD8-cullin target proteins, we performed a quantitative proteomic analysis of cells treated with MLN4924, a small molecule inhibitor of the NEDD8 conjugation pathway. MRFAP1 and its interaction partner, MORF4L1, were among the most up-regulated proteins after NEDD8 inhibition in multiple human cell lines. We show that MRFAP1 has a fast turnover rate in the absence of MLN4924 and is degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The increased abundance of MRFAP1 after MLN4924 treatment results from a decreased rate of degradation. Characterization of the binding partners of both MRFAP1 and MORF4L1 revealed a complex protein-protein interaction network. MRFAP1 bound to a number of E3 ubiquitin ligases, including CUL4B, but not to components of the NuA4 complex, including MRGBP, which bound to MORF4L1. These data indicate that MRFAP1 may regulate the ability of MORF4L1 to interact with chromatin-modifying enzymes by binding to MORF4L1 in a mutually exclusive manner with MRGBP. Analysis of MRFAP1 expression in human tissues by immunostaining with a MRFAP1-specific antibody revealed that it was detectable in only a small number of tissues, in particular testis and brain. Strikingly, analysis of the seminiferous tubules of the testis showed the highest nuclear staining in the spermatogonia and much weaker staining in the spermatocytes and spermatids. MRGBP was inversely correlated with MRFAP1 expression in these cell types, consistent with an exchange of MORF4L1 interaction partners as cells progress through meiosis in the testis. These data highlight an important new arm of the NEDD8-cullin pathway.
Young Children's Emotion Regulation and Social Skills: The Role of Maternal Emotional Socialization and Mother-Child Interactional Synchrony

The present study examined parent-child interactional synchrony and parents' socialization of emotion as predictors of young children's social and emotional functioning. Participants were 136 children aged 3 to 6 years (80 males, 56 females) and their mothers. Mothers' reports of their typical reactions to their children's negative emotional expressions and of their children's emotion regulation and social skills were attained. Mother-child dyads engaged in a free play task and a structured teaching task that were coded for interactional synchrony. Results revealed that mothers' distress reactions to children's negative emotions predicted emotion regulation difficulties in children, while mothers' minimizing reactions predicted weaker prosocial skills (i.e., cooperation, assertion, responsibility, and self-control) in children. Mothers' expressive encouragement reactions predicted children's cooperation and assertion skills. Children with fewer emotion regulation difficulties exhibited greater cooperation, assertion, responsibility, and self-control skills. Children's emotion regulation skills mediated the link between mothers' personal distress reactions to children's negative emotions and children's cooperation, assertion, responsibility, and self-control skills. Higher levels of synchrony in the motherchild interaction directly predicted greater assertion skills in children. Three indirect effect models clarified links between interactional synchrony and child outcomes. Lower levels of interactional synchrony during the free play task were associated with mothers' tendency to react to their children's negative emotions with personal distress, and in turn, these children exhibited greater emotion regulation difficulties. Lower levels of interactional synchrony during the free play and structured block tasks were both associated with mothers' tendency to use minimizing reactions to their children's negative emotions, and in turn, these children exhibited fewer social skills. Moderation models examining the link between maternal emotion socialization behavior, the quality of the mother-child relationship, and children emotion regulation and social skills were not supported. The findings help clarify the role of parent-child interactions in children's development of emotional and social competence, providing useful information for the development of intervention and prevention programs
Design of Protograph LDPC Codes for Partial Response Channels

We investigate the performance of the protograph low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, which have been shown to possess simple structures and outstanding error performance over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels, over partial response (PR) channels using the finite-length extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) algorithm. Due to the intersymbol interference (ISI) caused by the PR channels, we observe that the conventional protograph LDPC codes do not perform well in terms of error rates. We further propose a new design scheme and construct three new types of protograph LDPC codes. Unlike conventional protograph LDPC codes in which the highest-degree variable nodes are punctured, the new protograph LDPC codes have their lowest-degree variable nodes punctured. Moreover, some edge re-connections are made in one of the proposed codes. The EXIT-chart analysis, the convergence analysis and the bit-error-rate simulation have shown that all three new codes outperform the conventional protograph LDPC codes. Moreover, two of the proposed codes are superior to the regular column-weight-3 LDPC code and thus they are good alternatives compared to other error-correction codes for use in data storage systems.
Mental Content, Nonconceptual

It has long been thought that the ways in which a creature can represent the world are determined by its conceptual capacities. Advocates of nonconceptual content have challenged this by suggesting that some mental states can represent the world even though the bearer of those mental states does not possess the concepts required to specify their content. Keywords: content; representation; concept; perception; psychological explanation
Developing Consensus Ontologies for the Semantic Web

This paper describes a methodology for associating, organizing, and merging large numbers of independently developed information sources. The hypothesis is that a multiplicity of ontology fragments, representing the semantics of the independent sources, can be related to each other automatically without the use of a global ontology. The methodology has been tested by merging small, independently developed ontologies for the domains of Humans, Buildings, and Sports. The methodology, which reinforces common parts of the component ontologies and deemphasizes unique parts, produces a consensus ontology.
Quantification of viral ribonucleic acid in plasma of cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus.

OBJECTIVE To assess plasma viral RNA concentration in cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). ANIMALS 28 FIV-infected cats. PROCEDURE Cats were categorized into 1 of the 3 following stages on the basis of clinical signs: asymptomatic (nonclinical) carrier (AC; n = 11), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex (ARC; 9), or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS; 8). Concentration of viral RNA in plasma (copies per ml) was determined by use of a quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR) assay. Total lymphocyte count, CD4+ cell and CD8+ cell counts, and the CD4+ cell count-to-CD8+ cell count ratio were determined by use of flow cytometry. RESULTS Plasma viral RNA concentration was significantly higher in cats in the AIDS stage, compared with cats in AC and ARC stages. Most (5/7) cats in the AIDS stage had low total lymphocyte, CD4+ cell, and CD8+ cell counts. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Concentration of plasma viral RNA is a good indicator of disease progression in FIV-infected cats, particularly as cats progress from the ARC to the AIDS stage. Determination of CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts can be used as supportive indicators of disease progression.
Specific tackling situations affect the biomechanical demands experienced by rugby union players

Abstract Tackling in Rugby Union is an open skill which can involve high-speed collisions and is the match event associated with the greatest proportion of injuries. This study aimed to analyse the biomechanics of rugby tackling under three conditions: from a stationary position, with dominant and non-dominant shoulder, and moving forward, with dominant shoulder. A specially devised contact simulator, a 50-kg punch bag instrumented with pressure sensors, was translated towards the tackler (n = 15) to evaluate the effect of laterality and tackling approach on the external loads absorbed by the tackler, on head and trunk motion, and on trunk muscle activities. Peak impact force was substantially higher in the stationary dominant (2.84 ± 0.74 kN) than in the stationary non-dominant condition (2.44 ± 0.64 kN), but lower than in the moving condition (3.40 ± 0.86 kN). Muscle activation started on average 300 ms before impact, with higher activation for impact-side trapezius and non-impact-side erector spinae and gluteus maximus muscles. Players’ technique for non-dominant-side tackles was less compliant with current coaching recommendations in terms of cervical motion (more neck flexion and lateral bending in the stationary non-dominant condition) and players could benefit from specific coaching focus on non-dominant-side tackles.
Promoter Activation via a Cyclic AMP Response Element in Vitro *

Transcription activation via activating transcription factor cyclic AMP response element binding (ATF/CREB) sites in vitro was explored using transcription and permanganate assay for open complex formation. These sites were used to drive transcription from an adenovirus major late core sequence. Under conditions where activation is strong, 20–50-fold, ATF/CREB is required for preinitiation complexes to reach the open complex stage. Complete opening requires activator, ATP, and initiating nucleotides. In exploration of postinitiation steps, no stimulation of promoter clearance was observed but a modest stimulation of the rate of continuous transcription occurred. High amounts of DNA template, commonly used in in vitro studies, allows some templates to open without activator, but leaves the nucleotide requirements intact. This leads to a drastic lowering of the dependence on ATF/CREB. Taken together, the data indicate that ATF/CREB activates this system primarily by stimulating the formation of functional preinitiation complexes.
Neurobiological Basis of Fever

ABSTRACT: Fever is a coordinated endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral response organized by the brain in response to inflammatory stimuli. We examined the mechanism of the febrile response to intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the rat. LPS caused activation of microglia and tissue macrophages in the meninges and along penetrating blood vessels. The microglia produce cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor‐α, and cyclooxygenase type 2. The latter produces prostaglandins, which may cross the blood‐brain barrier. We found that inhibition of COX at the preoptic area prevented fever, whereas injection of PGE2 at this site produced fever. Either iv LPS or PGE2 into the preoptic area activated a specific set of pathways, including the ventromedial preoptic area, which we believe to be a key regulatory site, and the paraventricular nucleus, which we believe produces autonomic and endocrine responses that cause elevation of body temperature. We hypothesize that the pathway connecting these two sites involves a double inhibitory relay through temperature‐sensitive GABAergic neurons in the hypothalamus. This pathway would essentially “turn up the thermostat” during a fever, causing an increase in body temperature via normal thermoregulatory pathways.
CÓMO APOYAR AL CUIDADOR DE UN ENFERMO EN EL FINAL DE LA VIDA

The one who takes care of a patient during the end of his life, must be especially protected by its community, not only as he is the last and stronger link of a chain of solidarity but because will also need social support in order to take care the one who is suffering, this will allow him to endure this process, facing his own reality and enabling to face death in peace. For these objectives to be reached, the health team must recognize the caregiver as a part of a therapeutic triangle in which family– the patient– and physician– are one unit; maintaining all the time a constant proactive attitude to communicate with the patient, through a process of education that improves his caring skills, identifying and resolving potential problems and defi ning strategies that would satisfy care giver’s needs with the support of a social – sanitary network.
Current-mode synthetic control (CSC) technique for high efficiency DC-DC boost converters over a wide load range

The proposed current-mode synthetic control (CSC) technique in the design of boost converters can improve the transient response time and maintain high conversion efficiency over a wide load range. The CSC technique has high accuracy similar to the current-mode control and doesn't need the slope compensation for simplicity. Besides, the transient response is also improved due to the current-mode hysteresis control. The load-dependent switching frequency at light loads results in high power conversion efficiency. Experimental results show that the output voltage ripple can be kept smaller than 50mV over a wide load current range from 0mA to 400mA with power conversion efficiency higher than 90% at load current of 10mA.
Computational models of working memory

Comparison of localist, distributed, and rule-based models of working memory gives insight into essential processes underlying the short-term retention of information. Memory researchers often distinguish between two manifestations of memory, one dedicated to the retention of information for very short periods, known as Short-Term Memory (STM) or working memory, and one dedicated to long-term storage, known as long-term memory (LTM). Working memory is involved when information is needed briefly but immediately; for example, when dialling a telephone number after looking it up in the directory. Long-term memory, by contrast, is involved when information needs to be available for repeated access across larger timescales, for example one's PIN. Many theorists view working memory as a distinct functional and structural entity that requires examination and explanation in its own right. In support, many empirical dissociations between working memory and LTM have been reported. For example, whereas working memory is adversely affected by phonological similarity (e.g., memory for the list B D T V G is poorer than for the list T K X S M), this variable has little effect on LTM. Conversely, semantic similarity has little effect in working memory whereas its effects on LTM can be pronounced. Accordingly, we restrict our focus to models of working memory, in particular those that are formulated at a computational rather than verbal level. Computational models provide a quantitative account of the data (e.g., through computer simulation) and thus offer more theoretical precision than verbal models. Although contemporary
Effect of direct current dielectrophoresis on the trajectory of a non‐conducting colloidal sphere in a bent pore

Dielectrophoresis has shown a wide range of applications in microfluidic devices. Force approximations utilizing the point‐dipole method in dielectrophoresis have provided convenient predictions for particle motion by neglecting interactions between the particle and its surrounding electric and flow fields. The validity of this approach, however, is unclear when the particle size is comparable to the characteristic length of the channel and when the particle is in close proximity to the channel wall. To address this issue, we apply an accurate numerical approach based on the boundary‐element method (BEM) to solve the coupled electric field, flow, and particle motion. This method can handle much closer particle–wall distances than the other numerical approaches such as the finite‐element method. Using the BEM and integrating the Maxwell stress tensor, we simulate an electrokinetic, spherical particle moving within a bent cylindrical pore to investigate how the dielectrophoretic force affects the particle's trajectory. In the simulation, both the particle and the channel wall are non‐conducting, and the electric double layers adjacent to the solid surfaces are assumed to be thin with respect to the particle radius and particle–wall gap. The results show that as the particle comes close to the wall, its finite size has an increasingly important effect on its own transient motion and the point‐dipole approximation may lead to significant error.
The Image of the Scientist Through the Eyes of Navajo Children

The study describes data collected from the Draw-a-Scientist Test (DAST) that was administered to 94 Navajo elementary students in grades 4-6 to determine their perceptions toward science and scientists. The DAST is a useful assessment instrument for teachers interested in addressing stereotypes students may hold related to science. A commonly used checklist (DASTC) was used to score student drawings. In looking only at the numerical scores, it would appear that Navajo students generally have a much less stereotypical view of scientists than other populations reported from previous studies. However, a low score on the checklist may actually indicate that a student has no conception whatsoever of what a scientist is. Interviews with individual students were also conducted to clarify items depicted in the drawings. The Navajo student drawings provided additional information unique to this sample that offers valuable insight into students’ perceptions, beliefs, and values. This information may be useful to science educators who are interested in developing a culturally relevant science curriculum for Navajo students.
Acclimation of thermal physiology in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster : a test of an optimality model

Many organisms modify their physiological functions by acclimating to changes in their environment. Recent studies of thermal physiology have been influenced by verbal models that fail to consider the selective advantage of acclimation and thus make no predictions about variation in acclimation capacity. We used a quantitative model of optimal plasticity to generate predictions about the capacity of Drosophila melanogaster to acclimate to developmental temperature. This model predicts that the ability to acclimate thermal sensitivity should evolve when temperature varies greatly among generations. Based on the model, we expected that flies from the highly seasonal environment of New Jersey would acclimate thermal sensitivity more than would flies from the less seasonal environment of Florida. When raised at constant and fluctuating temperatures, flies from these populations failed to adjust their thermal optima in the way predicted by the model, suggesting that current assumptions about functional and genetic constraints should be reconsidered.
The shade avoidance syndrome: multiple responses mediated by multiple phytochromes

In recent years, the concept of shade avoidance has provided a functional meaning to the role of the phytochrome photoreceptor family in mature plants in their natural environment, and the question of which of these phytochromes is responsible for shade avoidance reactions has inevitably been raised. Unfortunately, a misconception has arisen that phytochrome B is solely responsible for detecting the environmental signal that initiates the shade avoidance syndrome. This view is too simplistic, and is based upon a selective interpretation of the available evidence. In this short Commentary, we review the concept of the shade avoidance syndrome, show how the misconception arose, and emphasize the plurality of perception and response that is crucial to successful competition for light.
Introduction to the special issue on the work of teacher education: policy, practice and institutional conditions

This special issue of the Journal of Education for Teaching focuses on the practical activities and material conditions of higher education-based teacher educators’ work. The articles address questions of concept and practice, discourse and labour and the ways in which teacher education as an activity of higher education is related to the institutional contexts within which the activity is located. The material conditions of academic work have become the focus of much renewed interest in higher education as a series of intellectual, cultural and economic trends (Hartley 2009) have converged so as to question the roles and responsibilities of teacher educators as a category of academic workers. Generally, research suggests that partnership teacher education, in which universities and colleges work with schools to train teachers, is highly successful and there is plentiful evidence in support of this fact (e.g. Iven 1994; Christie et al 2004; Ellis et al. 2011). However, concerns about changes to initial teacher education towards more school-led approaches persist internationally. Much contemporary policy discourse has been framed around the belief that schools are best placed to train teachers and, while there may be an implied consensus of intention to support beginners in their learning during practice, the discussions do little to suggest that the notion of a research-informed teaching profession is an aim worth addressing. Troublingly, as Christie et al. (2012) recognise, the erosion of the role of higher education in teacher education may not only lead to volatility and reductions in funding and employment opportunities in education departments but is likely, by extension, to impact adversely on research capacity in teacher education institutions. Clearly, research which explores the activities and perspectives of teacher educators, their expertise and yet their increasingly difficult positioning within higher education more generally, has the potential to inform the development of the profession from within and, importantly, the strengthening of an academic culture of teacher education.
New Insights into the Production of Heavy Quarkonium

Recent data from the Tevatron have revealed that the production rate of prompt charmonium is more than an order of magnitude larger than the best theoretical predictions of a few years ago. This surprising result can be understood by taking into account new production mechanisms that include fragmentation and the formation of charmonium from color-octet $c \bar c$ pairs.
A method for controlling robotic contact tasks

SUMMARY In robotic tasks where the manipulator has to make transition from free space motion to constrained one, there always exists a inevitable impact phase (contact transition phase). Examples can be the autonomous exploratory motion of the end-effector in a cluttered environment, or grasping and manipulation of objects using dexterous mechanical end-effector. A number of controllers have been proposed in the literature with various discussions on their practical implications. In this paper a simple and efficient controller is proposed for the robotic contact tasks. The controller is based on the notion of switching control law where the structure of the controller remains unchanged during the phase transition and only the magnitudes of its gains are changed. The proposed control law maintans the stable performance during the impact phase of the manipulator when making contact with general environment. In addition, the controller exhibits stable and robust performance during the post-contact phase with the desired contact force regulation. The stability of the proposed controller is shown using the Lyapunov method which guarantees the exponential rate of convergence of the state during the contact transition to post-contact phase. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed controller.