Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis of the association between preterm delivery and intelligence.

BACKGROUND An increasing proportion of infants are born preterm, and their survival has improved. Therefore, their long-term sequelae are of increasing public health importance. METHODS We conducted a systematic review covering a 30 year period (1980-2009). A random effects meta-analysis provided a pooled estimate of the difference in IQ score between individuals born preterm and term. Small-study bias was examined using a funnel plot and Egger's test, and meta-regression was used to investigate possible causes of heterogeneity. Cumulative meta-analysis was used to determine if the magnitude of the association had changed over time. RESULTS The 27 eligible studies covered 7044 individuals; 3504 (50%) delivered preterm and 3540 (50%) at term. They provided 37 estimates of difference in IQ. All demonstrated a reduced IQ among those delivered preterm and all but four reached statistical significance. Overall, IQ score was 11.94 (95% CI: 10.47-13.42, P < 0.001) points lower among children born preterm. There was moderate heterogeneity (overall I(2) 74.2%, P < 0.001), but no significant small-study bias (P = 0.524). The association between preterm delivery and IQ did not change significantly over time. There was a statistically significant, linear association across the gestational age range (adjusted coefficient: -0.91, 95% CI: -1.64, -0.17, P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS There is a strong and consistent body of evidence suggesting an association between preterm delivery and reduced IQ, with evidence of a dose-response relationship with gestational age.
An improved method for classifying XML documents based on structure and content

As more and more structured or semistructured data is stored and exchanged in XML format, XML mining becomes increasingly important, especially the study of classification of XML documents becomes more widely. Considering the disadvantage of the current classification of XML documents that based on structure and content, this paper presents an improved method called NM-Similarity computing similarity measure, which maintains an high accuracy rate when XML documents are similar in structure but different in content. This method is applied in KNN (K-Nearest Neighbor) method for classification. The structure similarity between two XML documents is computed by using Euclidean distance, and the content similarity is computed by using Cosine measure. A better result can be seen when classifying XML documents which focus on content more (that is, XML documents are created from the same DTD and the structure is similar) and it is more effective on classifying XML documents. The experiments prove that when XML documents are similar in structure but different in content, NM-Similarity in this paper provides a significant improvement in improving classification accuracy rate.
Analysis of the Data Quality of Audio Descriptions of Environmental Sounds

In this paper we perform statistical data analysis of a broad set of state-of-the-art audio features and low-level MPEG-7 audio descriptors. The investigation comprises data analysis to reveal redundancies between state-of-the-art audio features and MPEG-7 audio descriptors. We introduce a novel measure to evaluate the information content of a descriptor in terms of variance. Statistical data analysis reveals the amount of variance contained in a feature. It enables identification of independent and redundant features. This approach assists in efficient selection of orthogonal features for content-based retrieval. We believe that a good feature should provide descriptions with high variance for the underlying data. Combinations of features should consist of decorrelated features in order to increase expressiveness of the descriptions. Although MPEG-7 is a popular and widely used standard for multimedia description, only few investigations do exist that address analysis of the data quality of low-level MPEG-7 descriptions.
Power Efficient Data Fusion Assurance Scheme for Sensor Network Using Silent Negative Voting

Security is a very important issue when designing or deploying any network or protocol. The nature of large, ad-hoc, wireless sensor networks presents significant challenges in designing security schemes. One or several sensors then collect the detection results from other sensors. The collected data must be processed by the sensor to reduce the transmission burden before they are transmitted to the base station. This process is called data fusion. Data fusion Nodes will fuses the collected data from nearby sensor nodes before they are sent to the base station. If a fusion node is compromised, then the base station cannot ensure the correctness of the fusion data sent to it. Various methods are proposed, that deal with providing an assured data transfer to the Base Station. In this paper a novel power-efficient data fusion assurance scheme has been proposed using silent negative voting mechanism. The proposed scheme has been compared with the direct voting based fusion assurance scheme. The proposed scheme produced very good with better power efficiency and lower network overhead.
ABSORPTION OF 10 GeV–1 TeV GAMMA RAYS FROM 3C 279

In this paper, we revisit gamma-ray-emitting region for 10 GeV–1 TeV gamma rays from 3C 279 through studying the photon–photon absorption optical depth due to the diffuse radiation of the broad-line region (BLR) and the extragalactic background light (EBL). Based on the power-law spectrum detected by MAGIC, the preabsorbed spectra are inferred by correcting the photon–photon absorption on the diffuse photons of the BLR (internal absorption) and the EBL (external absorption). Position of gamma-ray-emitting region Rγ determines the relative contributions of this two diffuse radiations to the total absorption. Our results indicate that Rγ may be within the BLR shell for 3C 279, likely closer to the inner radius, which is consistent with our previous results. This is neither consistent with the suggestions of Böttcher et al., that very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission is produced far outside the BLR, nor with the assumptions of Tavecchio and Mazin, that VHE gamma-ray-emitting region is inside the BLR cavity. Rγ is a key physical quantity that could set some constraints on emission mechanisms that produce the VHE gamma rays from 3C 279. Observations of Fermi–Large Area Telescope, MAGIC, H.E. S.S. , and VERITAS in the near future could give more constraints on the position of gamma-ray-emitting region relative to the BLR.
The Flavones Apigenin and Luteolin Induce FOXO1 Translocation but Inhibit Gluconeogenic and Lipogenic Gene Expression in Human Cells

The flavones apigenin (4′,5,7,-trihydroxyflavone) and luteolin (3′,4′,5,7,-tetrahydroxyflavone) are plant secondary metabolites with antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticancer activities. We evaluated their impact on cell signaling pathways related to insulin-resistance and type 2 diabetes. Apigenin and luteolin were identified in our U-2 OS (human osteosarcoma) cell screening assay for micronutrients triggering rapid intracellular translocation of the forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FOXO1), an important mediator of insulin signal transduction. Insulin reversed the translocation of FOXO1 as shown by live cell imaging. The impact on the expression of target genes was evaluated in HepG2 (human hepatoma) cells. The mRNA-expression of the gluconeogenic enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pc), the lipogenic enzymes fatty-acid synthase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (ACC) were down-regulated by both flavones with smaller effective dosages of apigenin than for luteolin. PKB/AKT-, PRAS40-, p70S6K-, and S6-phosphorylation was reduced by apigenin and luteolin but not that of the insulin-like growth factor receptor IGF-1R by apigenin indicating a direct inhibition of the PKB/AKT-signaling pathway distal to the IGF-1 receptor. N-acetyl-L-cysteine did not prevent FOXO1 nuclear translocation induced by apigenin and luteolin, suggesting that these flavones do not act via oxidative stress. The roles of FOXO1, FOXO3a, AKT, sirtuin1 (SIRT1), and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived2)-like2 (NRF2), investigated by siRNA knockdown, showed differential patterns of signal pathways involved and a role of NRF2 in the inhibition of gluconeogenic enzyme expression. We conclude that these flavones show an antidiabetic potential due to reduction of gluconeogenic and lipogenic capacity despite inhibition of the PKB/AKT pathway which justifies detailed investigation in vivo.
Do Mutual Funds Time the Market? Evidence from Portfolio Holdings

Previous research finds insignificant market-timing ability for mutual funds using tests based on fund returns. The return-based tests, however, are subject to the ‘‘artificial timing’’ bias. In this paper, we propose and implement new measures of market timing based on mutual fund holdings. Our holdings-based measures do not suffer from the artificial timing bias. We find that, on average, actively managed U.S. domestic equity funds have positive timing ability. Market timing funds use non-public information to predict market returns, tend to have high industry concentration, large fund size, a tilt toward small-cap stocks, and are active in industry rotation.
Dependence of Injection Velocity and Capacitance of Si Nanowires on Diameter, Orientation, and Gate Bias: An Atomistic Tight-Binding Study

We present a simulation study of Si nanowire (NW) transistor devices for logic applications using an atomistic tight- binding (TB) model for the electronic structure calculation, self consistently coupled to a two-dimensional Poisson solver for the solution of the electrostatics. A semiclassical ballistic model is used for the transport calculation. The average carrier velocity and the capacitance of cylindrical NMOS and PMOS NWs with diameters from 3nm to 12nm, in the (100), (110) and (111) transport orientations are calculated at different gate bias. The capacitance of all wires is only a function of the wires' diameter, and in all cases is degraded from the oxide capacitance by ~20%. The carrier velocities increase with increasing gate biases. The carrier velocity of PMOS NWs in the (110) and (111) orientations is a strong function of the wires' diameter, whereas that of (100) and (111) NMOS and (100) PMOS devices has only a weak dependence on the diameter.
Low-voltage CMOS analog bootstrapped switch for sample-and-hold circuit: design and chip characterization

This paper presents the design and characterization of a sample-and-hold circuit based on a novel implementation of the bootstrapped low-voltage analog CMOS switch. The heart of this circuit is a new low-voltage and low-stress CMOS clock voltage doubler. Through the use of a dummy switch, the charge injection induced by the bootstrapped switch is greatly reduced, resulting in improved sample-and-hold accuracy. Experimental results in a 0.18 /spl mu/m digital CMOS process show that a resolution greater than 10 bits can be obtained with a 1.0 V supply voltage. Circuit operation is also possible for supply voltages close to the transistor threshold (e.g., 0.65 V).
Improving Twitter Community Detection through Contextual Sentiment Analysis

Works on Twitter community detection have yielded new ways to extract valuable insights from social media. Through this technique, Twitter users can be grouped into different types of communities such as those who have the same interests, those who interact a lot, or those who have similar sentiments about certain topics. Computationally, information is represented as a graph, and community detection is the problem of partitioning the graph such that each community is more densely connected to each other than to the rest of the network. It has been shown that incorporating sentiment analysis can improve community detection when looking for sentiment-based communities. However, such works only perform sentiment analysis in isolation without considering the tweet’s various contextual information. Examples of these contextual information are social network structure, and conversational, author, and topic contexts. Disregarding these information poses a problem because at times, context is needed to clearly infer the sentiment of a tweet. Thus, this research aims to improve detection of sentiment-based communities on Twitter by performing contextual sentiment analysis.
Testing and Validation of High Density Resequencing Microarray for Broad Range Biothreat Agents Detection

Rapid and effective detection and identification of emerging microbiological threats and potential biowarfare agents is very challenging when using traditional culture-based methods. Contemporary molecular techniques, relying upon reverse transcription and/or polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR/PCR) provide a rapid and effective alternative, however, such assays are generally designed and optimized to detect only a limited number of targets, and seldom are capable of differentiation among variants of detected targets. To meet these challenges, we have designed a broad-range resequencing pathogen microarray (RPM) for detection of tropical and emerging infectious agents (TEI) including biothreat agents: RPM-TEI v 1.0 (RPM-TEI). The scope of the RPM-TEI assay enables detection and differential identification of 84 types of pathogens and 13 toxin genes, including most of the class A, B and C select agents as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Atlanta, GA). Due to the high risks associated with handling these particular target pathogens, the sensitivity validation of the RPM-TEI has been performed using an innovative approach, in which synthetic DNA fragments are used as templates for testing the assay's limit of detection (LOD). Assay specificity and sensitivity was subsequently confirmed by testing with full-length genomic nucleic acids of selected agents. The LOD for a majority of the agents detected by RPM-TEI was determined to be at least 104 copies per test. Our results also show that the RPM-TEI assay not only detects and identifies agents, but is also able to differentiate near neighbors of the same agent types, such as closely related strains of filoviruses of the Ebola Zaire group, or the Machupo and Lassa arenaviruses. Furthermore, each RPM-TEI assay results in specimen-specific agent gene sequence information that can be used to assess pathogenicity, mutations, and virulence markers, results that are not generally available from multiplexed RT-PCR/PCR-based detection assays.
An AGAMOUS intron‐driven cytotoxin leads to flowerless tobacco and produces no detrimental effects on vegetative growth of either tobacco or poplar

Summary Flowerless trait is highly desirable for poplar because it can prevent pollen‐ and seed‐mediated transgene flow. We have isolated the second intron of PTAG2, an AGAMOUS (AG) orthologue from Populus trichocarpa. By fusing this intron sequence to a minimal 35S promoter sequence, we created two artificial promoters, fPTAG2I (forward orientation of the PTAG2 intron sequence) and rPTAG2I (reverse orientation of the PTAG2 intron sequence). In tobacco, expression of the β‐glucuronidase gene (uidA) demonstrates that the fPTAG2I promoter is non‐floral‐specific, while the rPTAG2I promoter is active in floral buds but with no detectable vegetative activity. Under glasshouse conditions, transgenic tobacco plants expressing the Diphtheria toxin A (DT‐A) gene driven by the rPTAG2I promoter produced three floral ablation phenotypes: flowerless, neuter (stamenless and carpel‐less) and carpel‐less. Further, the vegetative growth of these transgenic lines was similar to that of the wild‐type plants. In field trials during 2014 and 2015, the flowerless transgenic tobacco stably maintained its flowerless phenotype, and also produced more shoot and root biomass when compared to wild‐type plants. In poplar, the rPTAG2I::GUS gene exhibited no detectable activity in vegetative organs. Under field conditions over two growing seasons (2014 to the end of 2015), vegetative growth of the rPTAG2I::DT‐A transgenic poplar plants was similar to that of the wild‐type plants. Our results demonstrate that the rPTAG2I artificial promoter has no detectable activities in vegetative tissues and organs, and the rPTAG2I::DT‐A gene may be useful for producing flowerless poplar that retains normal vegetative growth.
Diversity and distribution of sulphate-reducing bacteria in human faeces from healthy subjects 1 and patients with inflammatory bowel disease 2

School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Gastroenterology 6 Research Unit, Box 262, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; School of Electronic, 7 Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; 8 Cranfield Health, Vincent Building, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL: The Department 9 of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6BJ, UK; 10
Heritable variations in gray matter concentration as a potential endophenotype for psychopathic traits.

CONTEXT Genetic vulnerability to psychopathic traits is likely to also manifest at the neural level. We have recently reported increased gray matter concentration in several brain areas in boys with psychopathic traits. OBJECTIVE To explore whether these gray matter concentration differences can be regarded as endophenotypes for psychopathic traits by (1) assessing their heritability and (2) examining the etiology of the co-occurrence of psychopathic traits and increased gray matter concentration. DESIGN Community twin sample. SETTING On-campus neuroimaging facility. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS One hundred twenty-three male twins (56 monozygotic and 67 dizygotic individuals; mean age 11.55 years; range, 10-13 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We analyzed structural magnetic resonance imaging scans. Voxel-based morphometry analyses were used to obtain gray matter concentration values that were analyzed in a biometrical genetic twin model. RESULTS Left posterior cingulate and right dorsal anterior cingulate gray matter concentrations were found to be the strongest endophenotype markers, with heritability estimates of 46% and 37%, respectively, and common genes explaining the phenotypic relationship between these regions and psychopathic traits. No significant heritabilities were found for several regions, including the right orbitofrontal cortex and insula. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that structural endophenotypes, in the form of variations in gray matter concentration, reflect genetic vulnerability for psychopathic traits. Specifically, gray matter concentration in the left posterior cingulate and right dorsal anterior cingulate, brain areas implicated in empathy, moral processing, and introspection, are potential candidate endophenotypes for psychopathic traits.
Numeral recognition by weighting local decisions

This paper presents a new technique to improve thecombination of classification decisions obtained fromlocal analysis of patterns. Specifically, a geneticalgorithm is used to determine the optimal weight vectorto balance the local decisions in the combination process.The experimental results, carried out in the field ofhand-written numeral recognition, demonstrate theeffectiveness of the new technique.
Lhx5 controls mamillary differentiation in the developing hypothalamus of the mouse

Acquisition of specific neuronal identity by individual brain nuclei is a key step in brain development. However, how the mechanisms that confer neuronal identity are integrated with upstream regional specification networks is still mysterious. Expression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh), is required for hypothalamic specification and is later downregulated by Tbx3 to allow for the differentiation of the tubero-mamillary region. In this region, the mamillary body (MBO), is a large neuronal aggregate essential for memory formation. To clarify how MBO identity is acquired after regional specification, we investigated Lhx5, a transcription factor with restricted MBO expression. We first generated a hypomorph allele of Lhx5—in homozygotes, the MBO disappears after initial specification. Intriguingly, in these mutants, Tbx3 was downregulated and the Shh expression domain abnormally extended. Microarray analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated that Lhx5 appears to be involved in Shh downregulation through Tbx3 and activates several MBO-specific regulator and effector genes. Finally, by tracing the caudal hypothalamic cell lineage we show that, in the Lhx5 mutant, at least some MBO cells are present but lack characteristic marker expression. Our work shows how the Lhx5 locus contributes to integrate regional specification pathways with downstream acquisition of neuronal identity in the MBO.
On-axis spatially resolved spectroscopy of low redshift quasar host galaxies: HE 1503+0228, at $z=0.135$

We present the first result of a comprehensive spectroscopic study of quasar host galaxies. On-axis, spatially resolved spectra of low redshift quasars have been obtained with FORS1, mounted on the 8.2 m ESO Very Large Telescope, Antu. The spectra are spatially deconvolved using a spectroscopic version of the "MCS deconvolution algorithm". The algorithm decomposes two dimensional spectra into the individual spectra of the central point-like nucleus and of its host galaxy. Applied to HE 1503+0228 at z = 0:135 (MB = 23:0), it provides us with the spectrum of the host galaxy between 3600 A and 8500 A (rest-frame), at a mean resolving power of 700. The data allow us to measure several of the important Lick indices. The stellar populations and gas ionization state of the host galaxy of HE 1503+0228 are very similar to the ones measured for normal non-AGN galaxies. Dynamical information is also available for the gas and stellar components of the galaxy. Using deconvolution and a deprojection algorithm, velocity curves are derived for emission lines, from the center up to 4 00 away from the nucleus of the galaxy. Fitting a simple three-components mass model (point mass, spherical halo of dark matter, disk) to the position-velocity diagram, we infer a mass of M(r< 1 kpc)= (2:0 0:3) 10 10 M within the central kiloparsec of the galaxy, and a mass integrated over 10 kpc of M(r< 10 kpc)= (1:9 0:3) 10 11 M, with an additional 10% error due to the uncertainty on the inclination of the galaxy. This, in combination with the analysis of the stellar populations indicates that the host galaxy of HE 1503+0228 is a normal spiral galaxy.
Role of anticipatory anxiety and anxiety sensitivity in children's and adolescents' laboratory pain responses.

OBJECTIVE To examine relationships among trait anxiety sensitivity, state task-specific anticipatory anxiety, and laboratory pain responses in healthy children and adolescents. METHODS Participants (N=118, 49.2% female, ages 8-18 years) completed a measure of anxiety sensitivity and rated anticipatory anxiety prior to undergoing thermal, pressure, and cold pain tasks. Linear and logistic regressions were used to test the hypothesis that anxiety sensitivity and anticipatory anxiety would predict incremental variance in pain response after controlling for sex, age, and anxious symptoms. RESULTS Anticipatory anxiety accounted for 35-38% of unique variance in pain report across tasks, and 10% of unique variance in thermal tolerance. Anxiety sensitivity was unrelated to pain responses. CONCLUSIONS Task-specific anxiety is an important predictor of pain report and, in certain cases, pain tolerance. Interventions designed to reduce task-specific anticipatory anxiety may help reduce pain responses in children and adolescents.