Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fibring Labelled Deduction Systems

We give a categorial characterization of how labelled deduction systems for logics with a propositional basis behave under unconstrained fibring and under fibring that is constrained by symbol sharing. At the semantic level, we introduce a general semantics for our systems and then give a categorial characterization of fibring of models. Based on this, we establish the conditions under which our systems are sound and complete with respect to the general semantics for the corresponding logics, and establish requirements on logics and systems so that completeness is preserved by both forms of fibring.
Collaborative Tools for Mixed Teams of Humans and Robots

Abstract : This paper discusses efforts at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory "INEEL" to develop a control architecture for mixed teams of ground and air vehicles. Our approach has been to consider the air vehicles, ground robots and humans as team members with different levels of authority, different communication, processing, power and mobility capabilities and also different perceptual capabilities. The paper examines the current control-architecture and interface with special attention to the role of a collaborative workspace in enabling mixed-initiative interaction between humans and heterogeneous teams of robotic vehicles.
The case for an intermediate representation for programmable data planes

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) switch vendors are interested in extending switch data planes to support new and continuously evolving network protocols (e.g., NVGRE, VXLAN). Numerous commercial programmable data plane devices already enable a programmer to specify various aspects of the data plane including packet parsing, actions, and the layout of packet processing on the hardware device itself. Unlike OpenFlow-based devices, which only expose a series of fixed match-action table (MAT) abstraction, these specialized devices provide a more flexible abstraction for packet processing. Despite the increased programmability that these devices offer, however, the architecture of the target restricts the features that can be exposed to the programmer. Similarly, existing languages for programming the data planes in such devices (e.g., P4) assume a specific computational model, resembling the architecture of the device for which they are targeted for. Unfortunately, this model leads to similar limitations as in OpenFlow, where the high-level specification is coupled to the underlying device model. In this paper, we introduce NetASM, an intermediate representation for programmable data planes. NetASM is a device-independent language that is expressive enough to act as the target language for compilers for high-level languages, yet low-level enough to be efficiently assembled on various device architectures. It enables conventional compiler optimization techniques to significantly improve the performance and resource utilization of custom packet-processing pipelines on a variety of targets.
Differences in the length of the carboxyl terminus mediate functional properties of neurokinin-1 receptor

The neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) has two naturally occurring forms that differ in the length of the carboxyl terminus: a full-length receptor consisting of 407 aa and a truncated receptor consisting of 311 aa. We examined whether there are differential signaling properties attributable to the carboxyl terminus of this receptor by using stably transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell lines that express either full-length or truncated NK1R. Substance P (SP) specifically triggered intracellular calcium increase in HEK293 cells expressing full-length NK1R but had no effect in the cells expressing the truncated NK1R. In addition, in cells expressing full-length NK1R, SP activated NF-κB and IL-8 mRNA expression, but in cells expressing the truncated NK1R, SP did not activate NF-κB, and it decreased IL-8 mRNA expression. In cells expressing full-length NK1R, SP stimulated phosphorylation of PKCδ but inhibited phosphorylation of PKCδ in cells expressing truncated NK1R. There are also differences in the timing of SP-induced ERK activation in cells expressing the two different forms of the receptor. Full-length NK1R activation of ERK was rapid (peak within 1–2 min), whereas truncated NK1R-mediated activation was slower (peak at 20–30 min). Thus, the carboxyl terminus of NK1R is the structural basis for differences in the functional properties of the full-length and truncated NK1R. These differences may provide important information toward the design of new NK1R receptor antagonists.
FcR-Like 2 Inhibition of B Cell Receptor-Mediated Activation of B Cells

FcR-like (FCRL) 2 is a transmembrane protein with immunomodulatory potential that is preferentially expressed by memory B cells in humans. It has two consensus ITIMs in addition to a putative ITAM sequence in its cytoplasmic domain. We have confirmed the cellular distribution of FCRL2 and analyzed its functional potential to show that coligation with the BCR leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of its ITIM motifs and subsequent Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 recruitment to facilitate inhibition of BCR signaling. Mutational analysis indicates that the tyrosine residues in both inhibitory motifs of FCRL2 are required for complete inhibition of BCR signaling, whereas tyrosines in the putative activation motif are dispensable for signal modulation. These findings suggest a negative immunomodulatory function for FCRL2 in the regulation of memory B cells.
Application of a Patient Derived Xenograft Model for Predicative Study of Uterine Fibroid Disease

Human uterine fibroids, benign tumors derived from the smooth muscle layers of the uterus, impose a major health burden to up to 50% of premenopausal women in their daily life. To improve our understanding of this disease, we developed and characterized a patient-derived xenograft model by subcutaneous transplantation of pieces of human uterine fibroid tissue into three different strains of severe combined immunodeficient mice. Engrafted uterine fibroid tissue preserved the classical morphology with interwoven bundles of smooth muscle cells and an abundant deposition of collagenous matrix, similar to uterine fibroids in situ. The grafts expressed both estrogen receptor 1 and progesterone receptor. Additionally, both receptors were up-regulated by estrogen treatment. Growth of the fibroid grafts was dependent on 17β-estradiol and progesterone supplementation at levels similar to women with the disease and was studied for up to 60 days at maximum. Co-treatment with the antiprogestin mifepristone reduced graft growth (four independent donors, p<0.0001 two-sided t-test), as did treatment with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (three independent donors, p<0.0001 two-sided t-test). This in vivo animal model preserves the main histological and functional characteristics of human uterine fibroids, is amenable to intervention by pharmacological treatment, and can thus serve as an adequate model for the development of novel therapies.
Computational Techniques for Reachability Analysis of Partially Observable Discrete Time Stochastic Hybrid Systems

Reachability analysis of hybrid systems has been used as a safety verification tool to assess offline whether the state of a system is capable of remaining within a designated safe region for a given time horizon. Although it has been applied to stochastic hybrid systems, little work has been done on the equally important problem of reachability under incomplete or noisy measurements of the state. Further, there are currently no computational methods or results for reachability analysis of partially observable discrete time stochastic hybrid systems. We provide the first numerical results for solving this problem, by drawing upon existing literature on continuous state partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs). We first prove that the value function for the reachability problem (with a multiplicative cost structure) is piecewise-linear and convex, just as for discrete state POMDPs with an additive cost function. Because of these properties, we are able to extend existing point-based value iteration techniques to the reachability problem, demonstrating its applicability on a benchmark temperature regulation problem.
Health Care Social Media: Expectations of Users in a Developing Country

Background Affordability, acceptability, accommodation, availability, and accessibility are the five most important dimensions of access to health services. Seventy two percent of the Indian population lives in semi-urban and rural areas. The strong mismatched ratio of hospitals to patients, rising costs of health care, rapidly changing demographics, increasing population, and heightened demands in pricing for technological health care usage in emerging economies necessitate a unique health delivery solution model using social media. A greater disease burden lies in the health care delivery in developing country like India. This is due to the lack of health care infrastructure in the majority of semi-urban and rural regions. New techniques need to be introduced in these regions to overcome these issues. In the present scenario, people use social media from business, automobiles, arts, book marking, cooking, entertainment, and general networking. Developed and advanced countries like the United States have developed their communication system for many years now. They have already established social media in a number of domains including health care. Similar practice incidences can be used to provide a new dimension to health care in the semi-urban regions of India. Objective This paper describes an extended study of a previous empirical study on the expectations of social media users for health care. The paper discusses what the users of social media expect from a health care social media site. Methods Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the significance of the affect of four factors (privacy, immediacy, usability, and communication) on the usage of health care social media. Privacy, immediacy, usability, and communication were the independent variables and health care social media was the dependant variable. Results There were 103 respondents who used the online questionnaire tool to generate their responses. The results from the multiple regression analysis using SPSS 20 showed that the model is acceptable, with P=. 011, which is statistically significant on a P<. 05 level. The observed F value (2.082) in ANOVA was less than the given value in the F table (2.61), which allowed us to accept the hypothesis that the independent variables influence the dependant variable. The users of social media in India expect that they can best utilize social media through emergency service information. They want to be able to learn the operations of the social media site quickly and expect to know about health camps and insurance collaborations. However, people like to become friends with people with similar interests based on their interests identified. Conclusions Health care social media requires intelligent implementation in developing economies. It needs to cater to the expectations of the users. The people in India, especially those in urban and semi-urban regions, are very interested in accepting the system.
Multiphase interleaved DC-DC converter with directly and inversely coupled inductors

The main advantages of the interleaved multiphase DC-DC converters over single-phase converters are reduced current stress and reduced output current ripple. However, inductor current ripple can not be reduced only by interleaving method. The integrated magnetic structure can be used to solve this problem and this also allows to achieve higher power density. In this paper application of combination of the 2-phase directly coupled inductor and 2-phase inversely coupled inductor is analyzed to developed 4-phase interleaved DC-DC converter and compared with using of separate auxiliary inductor. The prototype of the converter has been built. The experimental results of the current ripple are presented in the paper.
Compositional segmentation and long-range fractal correlations in DNA sequences.

A segmentation algorithm based on the Jensen-Shannon entropic divergence is used to decompose long-range correlated DNA sequences into statistically significant, compositionally homogeneous patches. By adequately setting the significance level for segmenting the sequence, the underlying power-law distribution of patch lengths can be revealed. Some of the identified DNA domains were uncorrelated, but most of them continued to display long-range correlations even after several steps of recursive segmentation, thus indicating a complex multi-length-scaled structure for the sequence. On the other hand, by separately shuffling each segment, or by randomly rearranging the order in which the different segments occur in the sequence, shuffled sequences preserving the original statistical distribution of patch lengths were generated. Both types of random sequences displayed the same correlation scaling exponents as the original DNA sequence, thus demonstrating that neither the internal structure of patches nor the order in which these are arranged in the sequence is critical; therefore, long-range correlations in nucleotide sequences seem to rely only on the power-law distribution of patch lengths. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
A 12 nA low frequency oscillator

In this work, a 12 nA current consumption, 27 Hz (nominal) square wave oscillator is presented. The circuit includes self-bias current and voltage references, and can be powered with a wide range supply voltage from 1.6 to 5.0 V. The circuit is designed in a standard 0.6 μm MOS technology, with most of the transistors operating in weak inversion. The oscillator is intended as part of the next generation of portable or autonomous devices, powered by microbatteries or energy harvesting systems.
An Interface Complexity Measure for Component-based Software Systems

Controlling and minimizing software complexity is one of the most important objective of each software development paradigm because it affects all other software quality attributes like reusability, reliability, testability, maintainability etc. For this purpose, a number of software complexity measures have been reported to quantify different aspects of complexity. As the development of component-based software is rising, more and more complexity metrics are being developed for the same. In this paper, we have attempted to design an interface complexity metric for black-box components to quantify an important aspect of complexity of a component-based system. The proposed measure takes into account one major type of complexity of a component. It is due to its interactions (interfaces) with other components. Graph theoretic notions have been used to illustrate interaction among software components and to compute complexity. The proposed measure has been applied to five cases chosen for this study and yields quiet encouraging results which may further help in controlling the complexity of component-based systems so as to minimize both integration and maintenance efforts. As a thumb rule, we propose that average number of interactions (interfaces) per component in a component based system (CBS) should not be greater than five, otherwise that CBS would be highly complex and will be more prone to errors and hence unreliable. However, this rule requires further empirical support.
Insects from the middle of the Adriatic Sea.

The sampling of insects (Insecta) during pitch-dark nights in the middle of the Adriatic Sea during 2009 resulted in the recording of 12 species from the Diptera order and 2 species from the Lepidoptera order. The determined species were classified into the following families: Syrphidae, Drosophilidae, Muscidae, Calliphoridae and Scatophagidae (Diptera), Nymphalidae and Sphingidae (Lepidoptera).
Methods for Biomimetic Mineralisation of Human Enamel: A Systematic Review

Biomimetic mineralisation is an alternative restorative methodology that imitates the natural process of mineralisation. We aimed to systematically review the laboratory methods on the biomimetic mineralisation of demineralised enamel. A search in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ISI Web of Science databases was performed. Clinical trials, reviews, non-English articles, animal teeth, non-tooth substrates, and irrelevant studies were excluded. After screening the titles and abstracts of initially searched articles, 20 papers remained for full-text analysis. Eight articles were identified from the references of the remaining papers. A total of 28 studies were included in this systematic review. We found that protein or protein analogues were used to mimic the function of natural protein in 23 studies. Bioactive components inspired by mussel, an agarose hydrogel model, a glycerine-enriched gelatine technique, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, were also used for biomimetic mineralisation of enamel. These laboratory studies reported success in the biomimetic mineralisation of enamel. Potential further research on the biomimetic mineralisation of enamel was discussed.
Global Longitudinal Strain and Strain Rate in Type Two Diabetes Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: Relevance to Osteoprotegerin

Abstract Background: Biomechanical stress and inflammatory biomarkers relate to global contractility dysfunction; however, adding these biomarkers into a risk model constructed on clinical data does not improve its prediction value in chronic heart failure (CHF). Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether biomarkers predict declining of left ventricular global contractility function in diabetic patients with ischemia-induced CHF. Patients and Methods: The study retrospectively evolved 54 diabetic patients who had systolic or diastolic ischemia-induced CHF that was defined as left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤45% or 46-55% respectively assessed by quantitative echocardiography and other conventional criteria according to current clinical guidelines. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging were performed according to a conventional method. Radial, longitudinal, and circumferential strain and strain rate values were obtained by speckle-tracking Imaging analysis of both LV short axis and long axis views. Serum adiponectin, NT-pro brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), osteoprotegerin, and hs- C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined at baseline by ELISA. Results: We found lower global longitudinal strain and strain rate in diabetic patients with LVEF <45% than these in diabetic patients that did not have LVEF (Р=0.001 for all cases). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NT-proBNP (r=0.432; P=0.001 and r=0.402; P=0.001, respectively), osteoprotegerin (r=0.422; P=0.001 and r=0.401; P=0.001, respectively), hs-CRP (r=0.408; P=0.001 and r=0.404; P=0.001, respectively) were independently inversely associated with global longitudinal strain and strain rate in CHF patients. Conclusion: We suggest that osteoprotegerin may be useful in improving the NT-proBNP based model as predictor of decreased global contractility function in diabetic patients with CHF.
On the Attainability of NK Landscapes Global Optima

In this paper, we aim at evaluating the impact of the starting point of a basic local search based on the first improvement strategy. We define the coverage rate of a configuration as the proportion of the search space from which a particular configuration can be reached by a strict hill-climbling with a non-zero probability. In particular, we compute the coverage rate of fitness landscapes global optima, in order to evaluate their attainability by hill-climbing algorithms. The experimental study is realized on NK landscapes, in which the size and ruggedness can be controlled. Results indicate that the coverage rate of global optima is usually high, which means that a basic strictly improving hill-climbing with first improvement strategy is able to reach global optima, independently to the starting point considered. This confirms that it is more important to focus on an effective search strategy rather than worrying about the choice of the initial configurations.
Vertebroplasty Using Calcium Phosphate Cement for Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures: Study of Outcomes at a Minimum Follow-up of Two Years

Study Design A case-series study. Purpose To assess the long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes after vertebroplasty using calcium phosphate cement (CPC) for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF). Overview of Literature Vertebroplasty has become common for the treatment of OVF. However, few studies have reported the clinical application of CPC to vertebroplasty. Methods We reviewed 86 consecutive patients undergoing 99 vertebroplasties using CPC. Following repositioning and curettage of the pathological soft tissue of the vertebral body (VB), vertebroplasty using CPC was performed in patients with osteoporotic burst fracture and pseudoarthrosis (procedure A). Vertebroplasty was also performed in patients with osteoporotic compression fractures (procedure B). Back pain and lower back pain were evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS). The VB deformity index was measured in a lateral radiograph as the ratio of the VB's height to its longitudinal diameter. Results The mean age at time of surgery was 77 years old. The mean duration of follow-up was forty-four months. All patients reported decreased pain according to the VAS immediately after vertebroplasty, and pain relief was maintained at the last follow-up in all patients without new OVFs. Complete bone union was observed in all cases by six months after surgery. The mean recovery rate of deformity index was 5.9% in procedure A and 0.02% in procedure B at the final follow-up visit. Conclusions Vertebroplasty using CPC gave a satisfactory outcome and no delayed complications in elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures at follow-up times of at least two years.
Adaptive Random Testing

Summary form only given. Random testing is a basic testing technique. Motivated by the observation that neighboring inputs normally exhibit similar failure behavior, the approach of adaptive random testing has recently been proposed to enhance the fault detection capability of random testing. The intuition of adaptive random testing is to evenly spread the randomly generated test cases. Experimental results have shown that adaptive random testing can use as fewer as 50% of test cases required by random testing with replacement to detect the first failure. These results have very significant impact in software testing, because random testing is a basic and popular technique in software testing. In view of such a significant improvement of adaptive random testing over random testing, it is very natural to consider to replace random testing by adaptive random testing. Hence, many works involving random testing may be worthwhile to be reinvestigated using adaptive random testing instead. Obviously, there are different approaches of evenly spreading random test cases. In this tutorial, we are going to present several approaches, and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the favorable and unfavorable conditions for adaptive random testing would also be discussed. Most existing research on adaptive random testing involves only numeric programs. The recent success of applying adaptive random testing for non-numeric programs would be discussed.