Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The WebShop e-commerce framework

This paper describes the WebShop e-commerce framework using a variant of UML that is specifically targeting at frameworks and product line architectures. Stereotypes and Tags are used to describe standard as well as application specific collaborations/pattern. This allows a compact and efficient description of the WebShop architecture suited for developers applying the WebShop framework. 1 WebShop overview WebShop basically allows the creation of on-line stores from a description of the products that should be offered and sold on a Web site (see Figure 1). WebShop Product information & store configuration Web-site with product catalog and shopping facilities Figure 1 The goal of the WebShop framework. As specific Web stores differ in various aspects, the WebShop framework defines the following variation points: Payment options: companies accept various payment options, such as credit cards, e-money, and so on. Moreover, completely new electronic payment methods may arise and the framework should be able to incorporate them.
Early to mid‐Holocene rapid sea‐level rise and coastal response on the southern Yangtze delta plain, China

We used accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C‐dated sediments of the Holocene basal supratidal flat to upper tidal flat facies in 11 cores on the southern Yangtze delta plain to reconstruct relative sea levels of 8.5–8.0 cal ka BP. Three cores were further AMS 14C dated and used to examine the evolution of sedimentary geomorphological environments in response to the rapid sea‐level rise during the early to mid‐Holocene. Results demonstrate relative sea‐level rise of around 30 mm a−1 from 8.5 to 8.3 cal ka BP and around 10 mm a−1 from 8.3 to 8.0 cal ka BP. Retrogradation from supratidal to lower tidal flat environments occurred in response to the rapid sea‐level rise at 8.5–8.3 cal ka BP, and aggradation from middle to upper tidal flat occurred at 8.3–7.9 cal ka BP. Further retreat of the tidal flat at 7.9–7.2 cal ka BP implies a mean sea‐level rise rate exceeding 5 mm a−1 at this time. We suggest that the rapid relative sea‐level rise during 8.3–8.5 cal ka BP and subsequent slower rise caused drastic changes in the coastal zone and that these changes are key phenomena for understanding the coastal response to future sea‐level rise.
A Quantitative Estimation of the Transport of Surface Emissions from Different Regions into the Stratosphere

The transport of chemical compounds from surface emissions into the stratosphere is very important for stratospheric, and even global, climate change. However, the lack of observational data makes it difficult to trace these emissions back to specific regions. This study uses numerical simulations to investigate the transport of surface emissions from high population density regions into the stratosphere. In March, April and May, Southeast Asia and Australia tracers contribute similar to 1/3 and similar to 1/4 of total tracers entering the stratosphere, respectively. In June, July and August, Southwest Asia contributes similar to 1/2 of the total, which is far more than the contribution of all other source regions. In September, October and November, South America and Southeast Asia each accounts for similar to 1/4 of the total tracer budget. In December, January and February, Australia and Southeast Asia each accounts for similar to 1/4 of all tracers entering the stratosphere. A further quantitative estimation illustrates that the average proportion of a tracer entering the stratosphere compared with its total release is 2.6% for Southeast Asia, followed by 1.7% for Australia, 1.4% for Southwest Asia, 1.0% for Africa, 1.0% for South America, 0.9% for East Asia, 0.7% for North America, and 0.3% for Europe.
A Literature Review: The Effect of Giving Lavender Aromatherapy On Sleep Quality In The Elderly

Elderly is the final stage of the development of the human life cycle, aging is generally defined as a progressive physiological decline after the reproductive stage of life. Common health problems in the elderly are sleep disturbances. Sleep disorders or insomnia is a condition of a person who does not get enough sleep at night, wakes up at night, or wakes up too early. The purpose of the literature review: to study the effect of using lavender aromatherapy on sleep quality in the elderly. The method used is a traditional review with the samples being accredited national and international journals. With inclusion criteria, national and international journals from different databases were selected independently by the researcher. The results: the use of lavender aromatherapy improves sleep quality in the elderly, with p value = 0.000. Improved sleep quality occurs by giving essential oils every night for 7 consecutive days. Conclusion: the use of lavender aromatherapy can be used to improve sleep quality in the elderly. Suggestion: for the elderly who have sleep disorders, you can use 5-6 drops of lavender aromatherapy oil on their pillows every night before going to bed.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus : a systematic review

The aim of this study was to summarize all eligible studies to compare the effectiveness of treatment strategies for osteochondral defects (OCD) of the talus. Electronic databases from January 1966 to December 2006 were systematically screened. The proportion of the patient population treated successfully was noted, and percentages were calculated. For each treatment strategy, study size weighted success rates were calculated. Fifty-two studies described the results of 65 treatment groups of treatment strategies for OCD of the talus. One randomized clinical trial was identified. Seven studies described the results of non-operative treatment, 4 of excision, 13 of excision and curettage, 18 of excision, curettage and bone marrow stimulation (BMS), 4 of an autogenous bone graft, 2 of transmalleolar drilling (TMD), 9 of osteochondral transplantation (OATS), 4 of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), 3 of retrograde drilling and 1 of fixation. OATS, BMS and ACI scored success rates of 87, 85 and 76%, respectively. Retrograde drilling and fixation scored 88 and 89%, respectively. Together with the newer techniques OATS and ACI, BMS was identified as an effective treatment strategy for OCD of the talus. Because of the relatively high cost of ACI and the knee morbidity seen in OATS, we conclude that BMS is the treatment of choice for primary osteochondral talar lesions. However, due to great diversity in the articles and variability in treatment results, no definitive conclusions can be drawn. Further sufficiently powered, randomized clinical trials with uniform methodology and validated outcome measures should be initiated to compare the outcome of surgical strategies for OCD of the talus.
Imaging the magmatic system of Newberry Volcano using joint active source and teleseismic tomography

In this paper, we combine active and passive source P wave seismic data to tomographically image the magmatic system beneath Newberry Volcano, located east of the Cascade arc. By using both travel times from local active sources and delay times from teleseismic earthquakes recorded on closely spaced seismometers (300–800 m), we significantly improve recovery of upper crustal velocity structure (<10 km depth). The tomographic model reveals a low‐velocity feature between 3 and 5 km depth that lies beneath the caldera, consistent with a magma body. In contrast to earlier tomographic studies, where elevated temperatures were sufficient to explain the recovered low velocities, the larger amplitude low‐velocity anomalies in our joint tomography model require low degrees of partial melt (∼10%), and a minimum melt volume of ∼2.5 km3. Furthermore, synthetic tests suggest that even greater magnitude low‐velocity anomalies, and by inference larger volumes of magma (up to 8 km3), are needed to explain the observed waveform variability. The lateral extent and shape of the inferred magma body indicates that the extensional tectonic regime at Newberry influences the emplacement of magmatic intrusions. Our study shows that jointly inverting active source and passive source seismic data improves tomographic imaging of the shallow crustal seismic structure of volcanic systems and that active source experiments would benefit from longer deployment times to also record teleseismic sources.
Price competition and reputation in credence goods markets

Experts have better information about the appropriate quality of treatment or surplus from trade than their customers. Providing both diagnosis and treatment, this leaves scope for fraud. In a credence good set-up, we experimentally investigate how intensity of price competition and the level of customer information about past expert behavior in uence an expert's incentive to defraud his customers when the expert can build up reputation. We apply a 2 × 2 factorial design where experts either engage in price competition or operate under regulated prices and customers have information about their own history with the expert or all customers' past histories (private vs. public histories). We show that price competition has a strong impact on fraud: both the level of undertreatment and the level of overcharging are signi cantly higher when experts compete in price than when prices are regulated. We also nd some evidence that the level of undertreatment and the level of overcharging are higher under public than under private histories under price competition while the opposite holds when prices are regulated. Our results indicate that price competition may be detrimental in credence goods markets as it superimposes quality competition. JEL classi cation: D82; L15.
Crowding and visual search in high functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder

Purpose: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder have demonstrated faster reaction times when searching for objects in a visual scene. One possible explanation for this observation is that the influence of crowding may not be as strong within this group compared to typically developing individuals. Subjects and methods: We recruited 16 participants with and without a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in the age range of 20–58 years. The main experiments focused on determining the critical spacing for the correct identification of an ellipse’s orientation in the periphery when flanked by two circles with 81% correctly identified. The second experiment was an attempt to replicate previous studies that had demonstrated superior visual search in autism using reaction time, set-size slopes and intercepts as measures of search efficiency and pre-attentive processes. Results: There were no significant group differences in the critical spacings for the crowded ellipses in the periphery (P = 0.358) or in the elliptical discrimination thresholds (P = 0.477). In addition there were no significant differences between groups in reaction times (P = 0.083), accuracy (P = 0.658) and set-size slopes (P = 0.976), however the intercept for the set-size slope function was significantly lower for the comparison group (P = 0.016). Conclusions: The individuals we tested demonstrated neither immunity to crowding nor any advantage in the visual search task. Therefore, we failed to confirm that enhanced discrimination underlies superiority in visual search in adults with high functioning autism spectrum disorder. This finding may be associated with the older age group investigated compared to previous studies and suggests that the underlying mechanism of superior visual search may not be a persistent feature of autism spectrum disorder.
Shallow site archaeology: Artifact dispersal, stratigraphy, and radiocarbon dating at the Barger Gulch locality B Folsom Site, Middle Park, Colorado

Shallowly buried archaeological sites are particularly susceptible to surface and subsurface disturbance processes. Yet, because cultural deposition often operates on short time scales relative to geologic deposition, vertical artifact distributions can be used to clarify questions of site formation. In particular, patterns in artifact distributions that cannot be explained by occupation histories must be explained by natural processes that have affected sites. Buried only 10–50 cm beneath the ground surface for 10,450 14C yr, the Folsom component at Barger Gulch Locality B (Middle Park, Colorado) exhibits many signs of post‐depositional disturbance. Through examination of variation in the vertical distribution of the artifact assemblage, we are able to establish that only a Folsom component is present. Using vertical artifact distributions, stratigraphy, and radiocarbon dating, we are able to reconstruct the series of events that have impacted the site. The Folsom occupation (˜10,450 14C yr B.P.) was likely initially buried in a late‐Pleistocene eolian silt loam. Erosion brought the artifacts to rest on a deflation surface at some time prior to 9400 14C yr B.P. A mollic epipedon formed in sediments that accumulated between 9400 and 7000 14C yr B.P. Some time after 5200 14C yr B.P., this soil was partially truncated, and artifacts that had previously dispersed upward created a secondary lag at its upper contact. This surface was buried again and artifact dispersal continued. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Remaining useful life prediction of lithium-ion batteries using EM-PF-SSA-SVR with gamma stochastic process

Due to the complex changes in physicochemical properties of lithium-ion batteries during the process from degradation to failure, it is difficult for methods based on physical or data-driven models to fully characterize this nonlinear process, and existing methods that hybridize physical and data-driven models suffer from ambiguous hybridization, which results in the vast majority of existing methods for predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of lithium-ion batteries suffering from a lack of accuracy and robustness. In this study, a novel hybrid approach based on empirical modeling and data-driven techniques is proposed for predicting the RUL of lithium-ion batteries. To better capture its complexity, stochasticity, and state transition, and improve the modeling accuracy and RUL prediction precision, Gamma stochasticity and state-space modeling are used to empirically model the complex Li-ion battery degradation process. Moreover, the expectation maximization (EM) method of particle filtering (PF) was used to estimate the hidden parameters of the empirical model, and the estimated parameters were corrected using an optimized support vector regression (SVR) method to enhance the generalization performance and robustness of the data-driven model. The results show that the gamma state-space model is effective in capturing the inherent stochastic properties of the battery degradation and the proposed hybrid method outperforms the existing prediction methods in RUL prediction. The experiments show that the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) optimized SVR is considered to be the most effective correction method for the estimated parameters, while the new EM-PF-SSA-SVR hybrid method provides better performance for state assessment and RUL prediction of lithium-ion batteries. It is indicated that the proposed EM-PF-SSA-SVR method with Gamma stochastic process has hybrid validity and superior performance with equal performance and less parameter computation relative to the existing state-of-the-art deep learning RUL prediction methods.
Discovering Diversity Downtown: Questioning Phoenix

Applied community learning experiences for university students are promising endeavors in downtown urban environments. Past research is applied to help better comprehend a community engagement initiative conducted in downtown Phoenix, Arizona. The initiative aimed to illuminate the socio-cultural diversity of the downtown area utilizing storytelling methods. The initiative leveraged three broad questions: Where is downtown, what is downtown, and who is downtown? Lessons learned from the initiative, its processes, and outcomes are showcased and reviewed.
A Downlight Luminaire with High Luminous Efficacy

A design method and manufacturing process of downlight luminaire with a truncated frusto-conical light shade is proposed in this article. The measurement results showed that the optimal illumination was 212.8 lux, and the luminaire exhibited 70% of the optimal illumination within an illumination range of 1.84 m2. For normal- and warm-white light-emitting devices (LEDs), the optimal efficiencies of the proposed luminaires were 158 and 117 lm/W, respectively.
Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization of Ocular Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolates in Taiwan

Purpose Staphylococcus epidermidis, a commensal, has emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen, particularly methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE). The mechanism behind this transformation remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of MRSE isolated from healthy conjunctiva and ocular infections. Methods We collected MRSE isolates from two groups: healthy conjunctiva from patients undergoing cataract surgeries and ocular infections at our hospital. Genotypic analysis included pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), and biofilm-related genes (icaA, aap, and bhp). Additionally, phenotypic data on biofilm production and antibiotic susceptibility were recorded. Results A total of 86 isolates, including 42 from healthy conjunctiva and 44 from ocular infections, were analyzed. MLST identified 21 sequence types (STs), with ST59 being the most frequent (n = 33, 39.5%), followed by ST130 (n = 10, 11.6%), ST57 (n = 6, 7.0%), and ST2 (n = 6, 7.0%). All isolates were categorized in 23 PFGE types, and SCCmec IV was the most prevalent SCCmec type (n = 52, 60.5%). The two sources of isolates exhibited overlapping molecular types and phenotypic traits, although the ocular infection isolates exhibited significantly higher multidrug resistance compared to healthy conjunctiva isolates (P = 0.032). When contrasting ST59 with non-ST59, ST59 displayed a significantly higher presence of aap (100%) and bhp (69.7%) while lacking icaA (0%). ST59 also showed lower susceptibility to fluoroquinolones compared to non-ST59 (42.4%–54.5% vs. 75.5%–83.0%; P < 0.01). Conclusions MRSE isolates from healthy conjunctiva and ocular infections demonstrated a degree of resemblance. Specific strains, notably ST59, exhibited distinctive characterizations.
haematotoxicity and occupational benzene ERCC 3 , VEGF Association between genetic variants in

These include: Material Supplemental l http://oem.bmj. com/content/suppl/2009/11/18/oem.2008. 044024.DC2. htm l http://oem.bmj. com/content/suppl/2009/11/18/oem.2008. 044024.DC1. htm References http://oem.bmj. com/content/66/12/848.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 45 articles, 20 of which can be accessed free at: service Email alerting box at the top right corner of the online article. Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up in the
Electronic Journal of Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations

We study the isolated periodic wave trains in a class of modified generalized Burgers–Huxley equation. The planar systems with a degenerate equilibrium arising after the traveling transformation are investigated. By finding certain positive definite Lyapunov functions in the neighborhood of the degenerate singular points and the Hopf bifurcation points, the number of possible limit cycles in the corresponding planar systems is determined. The existence of isolated periodic wave trains in the equation is established, which is universal for any positive integer n in this model. Within the process, one interesting example is obtained, namely a series of limit cycles bifurcating from a semi-hyperbolic singular point with one zero eigenvalue and one non-zero eigenvalue for its Jacobi matrix.
The Science of Conjecture

Chapter 1 The Ancient Law of Proof: Egypt and Mesopotamia The Talmud Roman Law Proof and Presumptions Indian Law. Chapter 2 The Medieval Law of Evidence: Suspicion, Half-proof, and the Inquisition Dark Age Ordeals The Gregorian Revolution The Glossators Invent Half-Proof Presumptions in Canon Law Grades of Evidence and Torture The Postglossators Bartolus and Baldus The Competed Theory The Inquisition Law in the East. Chapter 3 Renaissance Law: Henry VIII Presumed Wed Tudor Treason Trials Continental Laws - The Treatises on Presumptions The Witch Inquisitors English Legal Theory and the Reasonable Man. Chapter 4 The Doubting Conscience and Moral Certainty: Penance and Doubts The Doctrine of Probabilism Suarez: Negative and Positive Doubt Grotius, Silhon, and the Morality of the State Hobbes and the Risk of Attack The Scandal of Laxism English Casuists Pursue the Middle Way Juan Caramuel Lobkowitz, Prince of Laxists Pascal's Provincial Letters. Chapter 5 Rhetoric, Logic, Theory: The Greek Vocabulary of Probability The Sophists and the Art of Persuasion Aristotle's Rhetoric and Logic The Rhetoric to Alexander Roman Rhetoric: Cicero and Quintilian Islamic Logic The Scholastic Dialectical Syllogism Probability in Ordinary Language Humanist Rhetoric Late Scholastic Logic. Chapter 6 Hard Science: Observation and Theory Aristotle's Not-by-Chance Argument Averaging of Observations in Greek Astronomy The Simplicity of Theories Nicole Oresme on Relative Frequency Copernicus Kepler Harmonizes Observations Galileo on the Probability of Copernican Hypothesis. Chapter 7 Soft Science and History: The Physiognomics Divination and Astrology The Empiric School of Medicine on Drug Testing The Talmud and Maimonides on Majorities Vernacular Averaging and Quality Control Experimentation in Biology The Authority of Histories The Authenticity of Documents Valla and the Donation of Constantine Cano and the Signs of True Histories. Chapter 8 Philosophy: Action and Induction Carneades's Mitigated Skepticism The Epicureans on Inference from Signs Inductive Skepticism and Avicenna's Reply Aquinas on Tendencies Scotus and Ockham on Induction Nicholas of Autrecourt The Decline of the West Bacon and Descartes - Certainty? or Moral Certainty? The Jesuits and Hobbes on Induction Pascal's Deductivist Philosophy of Science. Chapter 9 Religion: Laws of God, Laws of Nature The Argument from Design The Church Fathers Inductive Skepticism by Revelation John of Salisbury Maimonides on Creation Are Laws of Nature Necessary? The Reasonableness of Christianity Pascal's Wager. Chapter 10 Aleatory Contracts: Insurance, Annuities, and Bets The Price of Peril Doubtful Claims in Jewish Law Olivi on Usury and Future Profits Pricing Life Annuities Speculation in Public Debt Insurance Rates Renaissance Bets and Speculation Lots and Lotteries Commerce and the Casuists.
Speech perception anD hearing LoSS

To further explain, within the organ of Corti, in order for OHCs to effectively promote enhanced basilar membrane motion, they must exert their forces at the proper moment during sound induced basil membrane vibration. This is akin to pushing with your child’s movements on a swing, not against her. That is, the timing, or phase of, energy injection must be appropriate. In the past, cochlear modelers have resorted to various strategies to generate enough phase delay between receptor potentials and OHC forces for their models to reasonably describe experimental data. The physiological basis for such delays was always removed from the OHC. We think that the variable couplings between conformational changes of prestin (NLC) and electromotility results from a time delay between the two, and we suggest that the mechanical forces of the OHC can be tuned to the requirements of the cochlea by chloride homeostasis. Thus, we believe that anions have a preeminent role in how we hear.