Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GGA-EMD-Based Inversion Method of Spectrum Reflectance Template for Celestial Doppler Difference Navigation

The Doppler difference velocity between the measured solar spectrum and the measured asteroid spectrum is the measurement of the celestial Doppler difference navigation. Due to the absorption effect of the asteroid on the measured asteroid spectrum, the Doppler difference velocity is inevitably affected. In order to solve this problem, considering the fact that the asteroid reflectance is the ratio of the approximation of the asteroid spectrum to that of solar spectrum, we utilize the Gaussian genetic algorithm (GGA) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to extract the approximation of celestial spectra and propose an inversion method of celestial spectrum reflectance template based on GGA-EMD. First, the celestial spectrum is decomposed by EMD into the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). A certain combination of IMFs can embody the spectrum reflectance. Then, we utilize the undetermined spectrum reflectance function and the measured solar spectrum to produce the virtual asteroid spectrum and adopt the Taylor method to estimate the Doppler difference velocity between the measured asteroid spectrum and the virtual one. Finally, to converge fast, we utilize the Gaussian function to optimize the mutation and crossover operations of genetic algorithm (GA) and propose the GGA. Using the Doppler difference velocity errors as the object of the fitness function, the GGA optimizes the combination of IMFs, which is used to construct an optimized celestial spectrum reflectance template. The experiment results show that the inversion method of celestial spectrum reflectance template based on GGA-EMD constructs the spectrum reflectance template effectively and improves the accuracy of the Doppler difference velocity.
Evolution of the instability of a mixed-layer front

Observations from the Frontal Air-Sea Interaction Experiment (FASINEX), indicating the presence of small-scale cold-core features in the North Atlantic Subtropical Convergence Zone, motivated a recent linear analysis of the instability of a geostrophically balanced mixed-layer front. The results of that analysis suggested that the instability would preferentially form small-scale cold-core eddies at finite amplitude. In the present study, the finite-amplitude evolution of the fastest growing mode of this nongeostrophic baroclinic instability is investigated numerically. The linear prediction of cold-core eddy formation is confirmed by the nonlinear calculation. There are large horizontal and vertical heat and potential vorticity fluxes associated with the developing disturbance. The heat flux is confined above the thermocline, in the region of sloping frontal isotherms that provide the energy source for the instability, but the potential vorticity fluxes are maximum 50–75 m deeper and reach into the thermocline. A tongue of low-potential-vorticity fluid is advected 50–75 m downward along isopycnal surfaces from the cold side of the front into the thermocline at the mixed-layer base. The small-scale potential vorticity structure has similarities to estimates of the upper ocean potential vorticity field obtained previously from FASINEX observations. The calculations illustrate the role that frontal instabilities may play in the flux of heat and potential vorticity from the mixed layer into the thermocline. The evolution of the disturbance resembles baroclinic wave life cycles obtained in atmospheric models.
Short-term effects of graminaceous cover crops on autumn soil mineral nitrogen cycling in western lower Fraser Valley soils

Proper cover crop management practices in autumn can minimize N03"-N leaching. Three experiments to study the effect of cover crop management on autumn soil mineral N conservation were conducted in the 1991-92, 1992-93 and 1993-94 winter seasons on a silty clay loam Rego Humic Gleysol in the western Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada. The study tested short-term effects of planting date, autumn soil mineral N content and type of cover crop on biomass production and N uptake, residual soil mineral N (0-60 cm layer), plant composition of various N fractions of autumn-planted spring species at winter-kill, retention of accumulated N by autumn-planted spring species after winter-kill, and the C/N ratio of cover crops. Treatments involved two planting dates (late August and September), two simulated autumn residual mineral N levels (0 and 100 kg N ha") and types of cover crops. In the first two seasons, the cover crop treatments were spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and winter rye (Secale cereale L.) plus fallow for comparison purposes. In the third season, planting date was omitted and six cover crop treatments tested were spring barley, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), spring oat (Avena sativa L.), winter rye and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) including fallow. Planting crops in August as compared to a month later increased biomass production by 56 to 135% and N uptake by 38 to 93% before winter leaching period. Large N uptake by cover crops that were planted in August was generally accompanied by significant reduction in soil mineral N (0-60 cm) from August to November. August-planted spring species N at winter-kill was largely composed of the protein fraction (insoluble and soluble) which increased with N supply in autumn when the initial mineral N contents in 0-60 cm layer of soil were suboptimal (< 100 kg N ha) but was not affected when soil mineral N content was 200 kg N ha" and more or when the cover crops were planted in
SocialCache: A Pervasive Social-Aware Caching Strategy for Self-Operated Content Delivery Networks of Online Social Networks

Online Social Networks (OSNs) play a significant role in people's daily life. Increasing OSN traffic promotes the requirement for building self-operated Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) to deliver OSN media data efficiently and reduce traffic costs. OSN data in CDNs is heavily influenced by social connectivity, such as friendships. To reduce CDN network traffic by better using social connectivity information, we propose SocialCache, a pervasive social-aware caching strategy in self-operated CDNs. SocialCache supports several social connectivity metric options that reflect the importance of the OSN users and the popularity of the media files. Through the improvement of the cache replacement algorithm in the CDN node and the communication design between nodes, SocialCache realizes the optimization of network traffic. Worth mentioning, SocialCache can easily integrate into mainstream CDN architectures while protecting user privacy. We implement SocialCache on Mininet, using real-world network measurements for CDN hierarchy and a hill-climbing algorithm for parameter selection. SocialCache outperforms a range of state-of-the-art baselines on three real-world OSN datasets. On the Twitter dataset, SocialCache reduces the network traffic volume by 6.40% and improves the cache hit ratio by 14.22%.
REE-bearing minerals in the Rapakavi Grante, Southern Finland

Abstract The studied rock samples belong to the classic1615–1645 Ma Wiborg Rapakivi granite terrane of southeasternFinland. Geochemical studies show that the rapakivigranites and associated rocks form metaluminousto peraluminous A-type granites and plot in the "withinplate granites (WPG)" field on the tectonic discriminate diagramsfrom the Onkamaa, Suomenniemi and Luumäki. The rapakivi granite displays enrichment of light overheavy REE (LREE/HREE = 2-34) and usually negative Euanomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.01 - 1.4). Enrichment in REE in somestudied samples is confined to highly fractionated portionsof the Rapakivi granite. Fractional crystallization ofthe evolving fluorite-rich peraluminous granitic magmawas accompanied, particularly at later stages by fluid fractionation,which plays an important role in the genesis ofthe REE-mineralization.The studied rapakivi granites host REE-minerals includingmonazite-(Ce), allanite (Ce), bastnäsite (Ce), xenotime,thorite and REE-bearing mineral apatite. Monazite and allaniteare the most important REE carriers in the studiedgranites and these minerals are strongly enriched in theLREE.Monazites are hosted in apatite, quartz, plagioclase,K-feldspar, and biotite. Grain size of monazite is variableranging from 50 to >100 μm. Monazite contains 48-68 wt%REE2O3, 24.3-29.3 wt% P2O5 and low Th<1.5 wt%ThO2. TheY, REE, U, Th-bearing minerals are not commonly associatedwith the primary minerals except for Th-bearingminerals, which occur as silicates (e.g. thorite, ThSiO4);and/or replace other elements in the structure of some accessorymineral, especially xenotime, brabantite, zircon,and apatite.Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) provides an indicationof solid solution series between thorite-xenotimezircon,which are related to hydrothermal solutions enrichedin REE, Y, P, U, F, and Zr.
Urinary mitochondrial DNA may be useful in diagnosing early diabetic nephropathy

The present study aimed to determine whether urinary mitochondrial (mt)DNA could be combined as a non-invasive biomarker with other clinical findings of kidney injury to help diagnose early diabetic nephropathy (DN). A total of 165 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were enrolled in the present study and the mtDNA levels in urine were measured using quantitative PCR. The diagnostic value of urinary mtDNA levels in patients with T2DM was compared using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or albumin-to-creatinine ratio staging. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between urinary mtDNA and other clinical findings. Correlation factors for early DN were assessed using univariate logistic regression analysis. Urinary leukocyte and glucose levels do not interfere with urinary mtDNA levels. In patients with T2DM, the level of urinary mtDNA increases in the early stages of kidney injury and further increases with the severity of kidney injury. Urinary mtDNA levels in patients with eGFR 60-90 ml/min/1.73 m2 were higher than that in patients with eGFR >90 ml/min/1.73 m2. The levels of urinary mt89DNA and mt349DNA were negatively correlated with the eGFR level (ρ=-0.437; P<0.001; ρ=-0.390; P<0.001) and positively correlated with the level of cystatin C (ρ=0.177; P=0.025; ρ=0.144; P=0.070). Urinary mtDNA is positively correlated with early DN occurrence [odds ratio (OR), 1.330; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.175-1.507; P<0.001; OR, 1.328; 95% CI, 1.156-1.525; P<0.001]. In conclusion, urinary mtDNA combined with other clinical indicators of kidney injury may help the diagnosis of early DN.
Investigation of Hysteresis in the Temperature Response of Metal-Coated Optical Fibers

Fiber-optic sensors are widely used for measuring physical properties, such as strain, displacement, pressure, and temperature, during structural health monitoring. In this study, we analyzed the change in Brillouin frequency according to the temperature of metal-coated optical fibers installed in a distributed optical fiber sensor. We used aluminum (Al)- and copper (Cu)-coated optical fibers for the analysis. The existence of hysteresis was confirmed between the Brillouin frequency changes during the heating and cooling of the metal-coated optical fiber. In addition, the Al-coated optical fibers exhibited lower hysteresis against the temperature changes than the Cu-coated optical fibers. This was attributed to the thick Cu coating and the larger Young’s modulus of Cu. The Brillouin frequency of the metal-coated optical fiber exhibited a rapid change at an initial temperature of approximately 5 °C; however, the changes remained constant thereafter. Therefore, the obtained results confirm that metal-coated optical fibers can be used as distributed fiber-optic sensors without hysteresis under continuous heating or cooling conditions.
Photothermally sensitive gold nanocage augments the antitumor efficiency of immune checkpoint blockade in immune “cold” tumors

Introduction Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized the therapy landscape of malignancy melanoma. However, the clinical benefits from this regimen remain limited, especially in tumors lacking infiltrated T cells (known as “cold” tumors). Nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) has demonstrated improved outcomes in the ablation of solid tumors by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) and reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment. Therefore, the combination of PTT and ICB is a promising regimen for patients with “cold” tumors. Methods A second near-infrared (NIR-II) light-activated gold nanocomposite AuNC@SiO2@HA with AuNC as a kernel, silica as shell, and hyaluronic acid (HA) polymer as a targeting molecule, was synthesized for PTT. The fabricated AuNC@SiO2@HA nanocomposites underwent various in vitro studies to characterize their physicochemical properties, light absorption spectra, photothermal conversion ability, cellular uptake ability, and bioactivities. The synergistic effect of AuNC@SiO2@HA-mediated PTT and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy was evaluated using a mouse model of immune “cold” melanoma. The tumor-infiltrating T cells were assessed by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Furthermore, the mechanism of AuNC@SiO2@HA-induced T-cell infiltration was investigated through immunochemistry staining of the ICD-related markers, including HSP70, CRT, and HMGB1. Finally, the safety of AuNC@SiO2@HA nanocomposites was evaluated in vivo. Results The AuNC@SiO2@HA nanocomposite with absorption covering 1064 nm was successfully synthesized. The nano-system can be effectively delivered into tumor cells, transform the optical energy into thermal energy upon laser irradiation, and induce tumor cell apoptosis in vitro. In an in vivo mouse melanoma model, AuNC@SiO2@HA nanocomposites significantly induced ICD and T-cell infiltration. The combination of AuNC@SiO2@HA and anti-PD-1 antibody synergistically inhibited tumor growth via stimulating robust T lymphocyte immune responses. Discussion The combination of AuNC@SiO2@HA-mediated PTT and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy proposed a neoteric strategy for oncotherapy, which efficiently convert the immune “cold” tumors into “hot” ones.
The Cosheston Group (Lower Old Red Sandstone) in southwest Wales: age, correlation and palaeobotanical significance

Upper Silurian–Lower Devonian ‘Lower Old Red Sandstone’ facies deposits cropping out in southwest Wales are poorly age-constrained and difficult to correlate. Spore assemblages have been recovered from sequences of these deposits belonging to the lower part of the Cosheston Group. The spore assemblages are equated with the breconensis–zavallatus and polygonalis–emsiensis Spore Assemblage Biozones and indicate an early Devonian age (late Gedinnian (late Lochkovian)–Siegenian (Pragian)). The new biostratigraphical data enable correlation of the lower part of the Cosheston Group with the Senni Beds from the main outcrop of the Lower Devonian in South Wales and the Welsh Borderland. In addition, the new age data and stratigraphical correlation place important plant megafossil assemblages from the Cosheston Group and Senni Beds in a more secure stratigraphical framework, thus facilitating comparisons with other Lower Devonian plant megafossil assemblages and enhancing palaeobotanical understanding. Evidence from palynofacies analysis supports sedimentological interpretations which suggest that the ‘Lower Old Red Sandstone’ facies deposits belonging to the Cosheston Group accumulated in a continental fluviatile environment.
Developing A Baseline Metabolomic Signature Associated with COVID-19 Severity: Insights from Prospective Trials Encompassing 13 U.S. Centers

Metabolic disease is a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection, but the contributing pathways are not yet fully elucidated. Using data from two randomized controlled trials across 13 U.S. academic centers, our goal was to characterize metabolic features that predict severe COVID-19 and define a novel baseline metabolomic signature. Individuals (n = 133) were dichotomized as having mild or moderate/severe COVID-19 disease based on the WHO ordinal scale. Blood samples were analyzed using the Biocrates platform, providing 630 targeted metabolites for analysis. Resampling techniques and machine learning models were used to determine metabolomic features associated with severe disease. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used for functional enrichment analysis. To aid in clinical decision making, we created baseline metabolomics signatures of low-correlated molecules. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit to associate these signatures with severe disease on training data. A three-metabolite signature, lysophosphatidylcholine a C17:0, dihydroceramide (d18:0/24:1), and triacylglyceride (20:4_36:4), resulted in the best discrimination performance with an average test AUROC of 0.978 and F1 score of 0.942. Pathways related to amino acids were significantly enriched from the IPA analyses, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (MAP2K5) was differentially activated between groups. In conclusion, metabolites related to lipid metabolism efficiently discriminated between mild vs. moderate/severe disease. SDMA and GABA demonstrated the potential to discriminate between these two groups as well. The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (MAP2K5) regulator is differentially activated between groups, suggesting further investigation as a potential therapeutic pathway.
Robust Multivariable Model Reference Adaptive State Feedback Output Tracking Control: An Offshore Produced Water Treatment Case Study

With the objective of pursuing eco-friendly and environmentally sustainable extraction in offshore oil and gas production, the Produced Water (PW) treatment is inescapable whether for reinjecting the PW back to the reservoir with the purpose of enhancing oil recovery or discharging it into the ocean. The de-oiling technology based on the hydrocyclones system connected to the three-phase separator is generally employed for the PW treatment. In order to boost the effectiveness of the interconnected de-oiling systems, it is crucial to introduce an advanced coordinated controller for the separators and hydrocyclone systems with regard to the uncertainties and unknown disruptions that occur during dynamic operations. This research suggests a robust Multivariate Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) approach, in order to regulate the Pressure-Drop-Ratio (PDR) of the hydrocyclone and the water level in the separator simultaneously. The suggested control technique is expressed within a framework of state feedback output tracking MRAC by taking adaptive disturbance rejection into account. Furthermore, a control parametrizing obtained from a factorization of the High-Frequency Gain Matrix (HFGM) in the shape of the product of three matrices, i.e. LDS decomposition, is employed in the designing procedure to relax restrictive conditions about the HFGM. Finally, the proposed robust MRAC method is tested on a lab-scaled PW application, and the simulation outcomes explicitly establish the effectiveness and also its remarkable performance of the suggested control strategy.
The Analysis of Collocations Used in The Film Entitled “Rambo: Last Blood” By Adrian Grunberg

The Analysis of Collocations Use the Film Entitled "Rambo: Last Blood" by Adrian Grunberg. "Collocation is a combination of words in a language that occurs very often and more often than by chance. This study aimed to discover the types of collocations used in the film "Rambo: Last Blood" by Adrian Grunberg. Moreover, to find out the dominant type of Collocation in the Collocation of the film entitled: "Rambo: Last Blood" by Adrian Grunberg. This study used a qualitative descriptive method to analyze data, a collocation in the film's subtitle. The data source in this study is the subtitled transcript of the film “Rambo: Last Blood "by Adrian Grunberg, which was taken from the translation of the Netflix application. The data in this study are English collocations in the film subtitle "Rambo: Last Blood” and its translation into Indonesian in phrases. The result shows that the maximum percentage is 70% and the minimum percentage is 30%. It can be concluded that the dominant type of collocation results in the Collocation of the film entitled: "Rambo: Last Blood" by Adrian Grunberg is Lexical Collocation with a presentation result of 70%. So the dominant Collocation that was used in the film "Rambo: Last Blood" by Adrian Grunberg is Lexical Collocation (70%) because it showed a significant presence.
Novel Algorithm to minimize PAPR of OFDM system with Less Intricacy PTS using Various Modulation Schemes

: - In the present time, mobile communication is essential for the daily life of human beings and for that modulation schemes are very important for the quality and speed of transmission. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the best schemes for mobile communication. In this study, we focused to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) using a novel algorithm using the OFDM system. To reduce the PAPR, the modified low complexity partial transmit sequence (LC-PTS) has been proposed in this study and simulated with different modulation techniques. The main parameter for OFDM is PAPR and reduction of PAPR is desirable for efficient transmission system. This parameter has been further minimized in low complexity conditions in partial transmit sequence (PTS) that include the binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation scheme. The obtained simulated results show clearly that among various modulation techniques, the BPSK is the optimum technique for proposed algorithm to reduce the PAPR.
Comparison of Adaptive Control Laws on a Satellite Attitude Control Benchmark*

The CNES satellite DEMETER is taken as a Benchmark to test several control laws. The original control strategy for this mission was to switch between two different control laws according to the pointing error. This switching control made its proof on this mission, but it induces some unwanted behaviour such as oscillations in the control torque at the appearance of the switch and long-time responses. In this work, we compare the switching control with continuous adaptive control laws that avoid discontinuities, allow a wider range of initial conditions, and have faster convergence. Three adaptive control laws are described and compared: (i) the DEMETER switching control, (ii) a robust adaptive control where gain evolution is driven by the attitude pointing error, and (iii) a sliding mode control with an adaptive sliding surface. The obtained closed-loop performances are illustrated in small and large pointing error situations.
Nutrition Status of Female Winter Sports Athletes

Eating disorders, especially restrictive eating, are common among female athletes. There are two main types of winter sports: those that are practiced outdoors on snow (−25 to +5 °C and 2500 m), such as alpine skiing and snowboarding, and those that are practiced indoors on ice (5–10 °C at low altitude), such as figure skating and ice hockey. The aim of this research was to identify the nutritional status and potential risk of female athletes practicing winter sports, considering the altitude of training. The sample was composed of 58 women (aged 19.81 years (SD: 12.61)) who were competitors in some winter sports. Anthropometrics and nutritional variables were taken. Statistically significant differences were found between HA and LA groups for all the characteristics except thigh skinfold, and neither group had an energy intake (EI) that matched their total energy expenditure (TEE). Both groups met at least two-thirds of the RDI for all minerals and vitamins except iodine, fluorine, vitamin D, vitamin E, and retinol. This study suggests that female winter sports athletes have insufficient energy, vitamin, and mineral intake, which can be worsened with altitude.