Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A semantics for lazy assertions

Lazy functional programming languages need lazy assertions to ensure that assertions preserve the meaning of programs. Examples in this paper demonstrate that previously proposed lazy assertions nonetheless break basic semantic equivalences, because they include a non-deterministic disjunction combinator. The objective of this paper is to determine "correct" definitions for lazy assertions. The starting point is our formalisation of basic properties such as laziness, taking them as axioms of our design space. We develop the first denotational semantics for lazy assertions; assertions denote subdomains. We define a weak disjunction combinator and together with a conjunction combinator assertions form a bounded distributive lattice. From the established laws we derive an efficient prototype implementation of lazy assertions for Haskell as a library.
An Efficient Data Replication Scheme for Hadoop Distributed File System

A Distributed file system (DFS) is a storage component of a distributed system (DS). DS consists of multiple autonomous nodes connected via a communication network to solve large problems and to achieve more computing power. One of the design requirement of any DS is to provide replicas. In this paper, we propose a new replication algorithm which is more reliable than the existing replication algorithm used in DFS. The advantages of our proposed replication algorithm by incrementing nodes sequentially (RAINS) is that it distributes the storage load equally among all the nodes sequentially and it guarantees a replica copy in case two racks in a DS are down. This feature is not available in the existing DFS. We have compared existing replication algorithm used by Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS) with our proposed RAINS algorithm. The experimental results indicate that our proposed RAINS algorithm performs better when more number of racks failed in the DS.
Adaptive video multicast using the FDPS algorithm

This paper proposes a multicast service model and a comprehensive solution to the coexistence of guaranteed video multicast traffic and best-effort traffic for the next generation Internet. Our multicast service model specifies the services offered to these two traffic types. Our solution uses the flow-state-dependent dynamic priority scheduling (FDPS) algorithm for service curve assurance together with congestion control and connection admission control functions to guarantee crucial video multicast layers. Our solution adapts efficiently to congested links by identifying and discarding as many less important packets as necessary. The solution facilitates the delivery of best-effort traffic by reserving a pre-specified fraction of the link capacity for such traffic. We demonstrate, by extensive ns-2 simulations that the base video-layer is protected and scheduling delay is controlled. Acceptable performance for best-effort traffic is also achieved.
Soil property changes : a 60 – year record from California

How has soil quality changed in California over the past 60 years? Using known locations of archived samples collected by the soil survey staff in the 1940’s and 50’s we resampled 125 locations in California from the Imperial Valley in the south to Tehama county in the north and analyzed samples for properties important to plant production. For each 1945 and 2001 sample we measured pH, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, total carbon, plant available phosphorus, texture and color. We compared the data across the entire state as well as by current land-use, and geographic region. Across the state we found significant increases at the 95% confidence level for plantavailable phosphorus, total carbon, pH, and percent clay. We found significant increases at the 90% confidence level for percent silt and total nitrogen. We measured significant decreases at the 95% confidence level for electrical conductivity, and percent sand. Chroma values decreased statewide at the 90% level. The degree of change varied according to land-use and geographic region. Our results show that based on this sample, California’s soil quality has not significantly decreased over the past 60 years. These results also suggest that defining and evaluating soil quality is difficult due to conflicting trends and interpretations of soil quality indices.
Parameter selection for smoothing splines using Stein's Unbiased Risk Estimator

A challenging problem in smoothing spline regression is determining a value for the smoothing parameter. The parameter establishes the tradeoff between the closeness of the data, versus the smoothness of the regression function. This paper proposes a new method of finding the optimum smoothness value based on Stein's Unbiased Risk Estimator (SURE). This approach employs Newton's method to solve for the optimal value directly, while minimizing the true error of the regression. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method, particularly for small datasets.
Tunable band-reject filter and suppression of in-band interfering signals in mobile communication

For supporting a more efficient usage of available spectrum by mobile communication in unlicensed bands, a solution for robust and frequency agile receivers is proposed. Interfering signals of increased power level, expected in these bands, get acceptable as they are reduced by a tunable band-reject filter controlled by the digital receiver unit. The interfering signal position gets identified, the filter stopband gets moved on this position, and distortions of the wanted signal get compensated. A performance evaluation is done on a lab set-up based on hardware prototypes and on implemented control algorithms.
Estimation of Airflow in livestock Buildings

The well-being of the animals (e.g. pigs) in livestock buildings is contingent on adequate ventilation. Depending on the construction of the ventilation system draught may be introduced into the buildings. Obviously this is an unwanted effect, that might lead to decreasing growth of and increasing sickness among the livestock. Therefore it is of interest to estimate flow vector fields corresponding to the airflow introduced by a given ventilation system. By introducing particles (e.g. smoke or soapbubles) into the air-inlets of a model of a livestock building, the airflow in an laser-illuminated plane may be visualized. Based of sequences of images recorded of this plane local measurements of the velocity field are obtained by analysis of the local energy distribution, which is sampled using a set of 3-D spatio-temporal Gabor filters. We will show how physically inspired a priori distribution of the flow field may be used to integrate the local observations to a smooth field.
Temporal integration of balanced excitatory and inhibitory inputs

Temporal integration of information plays a pivotal role in a variety of cognitive processes, such as sensory discrimination, decision-making or interval timing. However, neural mechanisms of this computation remain to be elucidated. In previous models of temporal integration by recurrent neuronal networks [1] or single neurons [2], neurons integrate a constant external input. Recent lines of evidence, however, suggest that activity of in vivo cortical neurons is generated through balanced excitation and inhibition [3]. Here we propose a recurrent neural-network model that integrates balanced excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. We show that the temporal integration in this network is more accurate when it integrates the fluctuating component of these inputs rather than the mean value.
Lossless Data Hiding in the Spatial Domain for Image Tamper Detection

This paper proposes lossless data hiding method for image tamper detection. The proposed method embeds data in images and extracts data from images in the spatial domain. This method restores the original image as well as extracts hidden data from an image conveying hidden data. The proposed method uses one and only one parameter for each image to control embed and extract data. An image is divided into several blocks, and the image feature description for the block is hidden into the corresponding block itself. Hidden descriptions extracted from an image and generated from the recovered image are compared to detect tampering. The image quality of an image with hidden data is high so that nobody is aware that data are hidden. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method
Galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching in N-linked glycosylation

ABSTRACT Protein N-glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that produces a complex array of branched glycan structures. The levels of branching, or antennarity, give rise to differential biological activities for single glycoproteins. However, the precise mechanism controlling the glycan branching and glycosylation network is unknown. Here, we constructed quantitative mathematical models of N-linked glycosylation that predicted new control points for glycan branching. Galactosyltransferase, which acts on N-acetylglucosamine residues, was unexpectedly found to control metabolic flux through the glycosylation pathway and the level of final antennarity of nascent protein produced in the Golgi network. To further investigate the biological consequences of glycan branching in nascent proteins, we glycoengineered a series of mammalian cells overexpressing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). We identified a mechanism in which galactosyltransferase 4 isoform regulated N-glycan branching on the nascent protein, subsequently controlling biological activity in an in vivo model of hCG activity. We found that galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching decisions taken in the Golgi of the cell, which might ultimately control the biological activity of nascent glycoprotein.
A simple saturation-based image fusion technique for static scenes

In this paper, we present a simple saturation-based image fusion technique for static scenes, which is aimed at generating high-dynamic range images. A set of images of the same stationary scene with different exposure levels, such as overexposed and underexposed images is blended together into one. The weighting factors for blending the images are determined by the saturation values of the images. Higher saturation indicates more vivid colors. Thus, we assign a heavier weight to the pixels with higher saturation, while lighter weights are used for those pixels whose saturations are lower. Our experimental results show that the proposed method can produce satisfactory results both visually and numerically at a low computational cost without adjusting any parameters. Moreover, the output images are fairly free from the halo effect problem.
SoRProcessor Cache DevicesMemory Application Libraries Operating System ( a ) Hardware − centric ( b ) Software − centric

Transient faults are emerging as a critical concern in the reliability of microprocessors. While hardware reliability techniques are often employed for transient fault tolerance, software techniques represent a more cost-effective and flexible alternative. This paper proposes a software approach to transient fault tolerance which utilizes a run-time system to automatically apply process-level redundancy (PLR). PLR creates a set of redundant processes per application process and compares the processes during run time to guarantee correct execution. Redundancy at the process level allows the operating system to freely schedule the processes across all available hardware resources (i.e. extra threads or cores). PLR is a software-centric approach to transient fault tolerance in which the focus is shifted from ensuring correct hardware execution, to ensuring correct software execution. The software-centric approach is able to ignore many benign faults which do not propagate to affect the program output. In addition, the dynamic deployment creates a very flexible fault tolerant system which transparently applies PLR without prior modifications to the application, shared libraries, or operating system. Experiments using a real PLR prototype on an SMP machine demonstrate that PLR can effectively provide transient fault tolerance with a slowdown of only 1.26x.
Length heteroplasmy in the predominate mitochondrial DNA haplogroups in the Croatian population

Mitochondrial control region represents the most variable segment of the mitochondrial genome. The frequency and pattern of heteroplasmy has been described in several studies; however, none of the reports documented the Croatian population. In the present study, we screened the control region (1122 bp) of 95 individuals belonging to two predominant mitochondrial phylogenetic branches in the Croatian population, haplogroups H and U. Length heteroplasmy occurred in polycytosine (poly-C) tracts within three hypervariable segments of the control region with the following frequencies: HVSI - 26.3%, HVSII - 52.6% and HVSIII - 7.4%. Furthermore, the association between certain polymorphisms in HVSI and length heteroplasmy was investigated. Our results indicate that only polymorphisms located in the poly-C tract are associated with HVSI length heteroplasmy. The T to C transition at np 16189 is significantly associated with the occurrence of length heteroplasmy (p<0.0001). This effect was even stronger if the C insertion was present in the position 16193. The data support the hypothesis that an uninterrupted poly-C tract of more than eight cytosines leads to length heteroplasmy. Length heteroplasmy associated with the T to C substitution in np 16189 was predominantly found in haplogroup U.
Growth And Metals Accumulation In Guar (Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba) Irrigated With Treated Wastewater

The effect of different concentrations of treated wastewater (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) on growth performance and metals accumulation of two lines of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) seedling (L18 and L53), under nursery conditions were investigated. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replicates. Plant height, leaves number, fresh weight and dry weight were measured after 60 days. Besides, the concentration of copper, manganese, zinc, chromium and nickel were determined for both stem and leaves of the tested lines. The results indicated that the development of both lines was significantly affected by the application of wastewater. However the concentration of metals was of no consistent pattern in leaves and stem of both lines. The results demonstrate that the ability of plant lines to accumulate metals as observed depends on wastewater concentration and the type of metal. These results suggest that using treated wastewater at different concentration will benefit and not harm Guar plant; however, the greater growth will be achieved with 100% concentration of the treated wastewater. Keys word: wastewater, guar, metals accumulation, growth ————————————————————
What Can the Experiences of People With an Intellectual Disability Tell Us About the Desirable Attributes of a Mental Health Professional?

ABSTRACT Introduction: Mental health professionals have reported that they have limited knowledge, skills, and confidence in the area of intellectual disability mental health. This article aims to learn from the experiences of people with intellectual disability about the attributes that may assist mainstream mental health professionals to provide them with a quality mental health service. Methods: Six people with intellectual disability participated in an interview or focus group. Thematic analysis was undertaken applying the Intellectual Disability Mental Health Core Competencies Framework. Results: The findings supported previous research for the need for mental health professionals to be adaptable, able to communicate, and work with a person’s support network. The study reinforced the need for professionals to undertake professional development in the area but also suggested that people with intellectual disability be included as educators and as peer workers. New attributes were identified, including the need for mental health professionals to be able to build rapport and trust through demonstrating their experience and respect for working with people with intellectual disability, and their ability to understand trauma and how it may influence mental health needs. Conclusions: The attributes identified in the study could be used to inform an intellectual disability mental health workforce development framework.
Spatial-Temporal Adaptive MIMO Beamforming for Frequency-Selective Fading Channels

Nowadays, MIMO systems are playing an important role in wireless communications. In this paper, we propose a spatial-temporal adaptive MIMO beamforming scheme for single carrier transmission in frequency-selective fading channels with the assumption of perfect channel state information (CSI) at both the transmitter and receiver. The transmit and receive weight vectors for detecting the preceding signal and the receive weight vectors for detecting the delayed signals of the preceding signal are designed by an iterative update algorithm. Based on minimum mean square error (MMSE) method, the delayed versions of the preceding signal are exploited to maximize the output signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) instead of suppressing them at the receiver. The improvement of output SINR is useful for MIMO systems to enhance the high-quality communication in broadband wireless systems.
Combination of 2D/3D Ligand-Based Similarity Search in Rapid Virtual Screening from Multimillion Compound Repositories. Selection and Biological Evaluation of Potential PDE4 and PDE5 Inhibitors

Rapid in silico selection of target focused libraries from commercial repositories is an attractive and cost effective approach. If structures of active compounds are available rapid 2D similarity search can be performed on multimillion compound databases but the generated library requires further focusing by various 2D/3D chemoinformatics tools. We report here a combination of the 2D approach with a ligand-based 3D method (Screen3D) which applies flexible matching to align reference and target compounds in a dynamic manner and thus to assess their structural and conformational similarity. In the first case study we compared the 2D and 3D similarity scores on an existing dataset derived from the biological evaluation of a PDE5 focused library. Based on the obtained similarity metrices a fusion score was proposed. The fusion score was applied to refine the 2D similarity search in a second case study where we aimed at selecting and evaluating a PDE4B focused library. The application of this fused 2D/3D similarity measure led to an increase of the hit rate from 8.5% (1st round, 47% inhibition at 10 µM) to 28.5% (2nd round at 50% inhibition at 10 µM) and the best two hits had 53 nM inhibitory activities.
Gene expression profiles of light-induced apoptosis in arrestin/rhodopsin kinase-deficient mouse retinas

To examine the molecular processes that lead to light-induced retinal degeneration, mutant mice deficient in arrestin and rhodopsin kinase were raised in the dark and then subjected to relatively low doses of white light. The kinetics of the subsequent induction of apoptosis, change in mRNA transcript level, and photoreceptor cell death were monitored. Analysis of transcript profiles identified clusters of genes that responded differently to illumination, including a cluster of photoreceptor-specific genes that showed marked decreases in levels long before morphological damage could be readily ascertained. The behaviors of other gene clusters demonstrate the coordinate induction of stress gene responses early in the course of irradiation. There was little, if any, change in transcript levels corresponding to genes associated with the initiation of apoptosis or antiapoptotic effects. Transcript analysis provides insight into the patterns of gene expression that are associated with the different stages of retinal degeneration in this model system.
The Compact X-Ray Source 1E 1547.0–5408 and the Radio Shell G327.24-0.13: A New Proposed Association between a Candidate Magnetar and a Candidate Supernova Remnant

We present new observations of the field centered on X-ray source 1E 1547.0-5408. Analysis of a new Chandra observation shows that it is unresolved at arcsecond resolution, and analysis of a new XMM-Newton observation shows that its X-ray spectrum is best described by an absorbed power-law and blackbody model. A comparison of the X-ray flux observed from 1E 1547.0-5408 between 1980 and 2006 reveals that its absorbed 0.5-10 keV X-ray flux decreased from ~2 × 10-12 to ~3 × 10-13 ergs cm-2 during this period. The most recent XMM-Newton observation detected no pulsations from 1E 1547.0-5408, allowing us to put a 5 σ confidence upper limit of 14% for the 0.5-10 keV peak-to-peak pulsed fraction for sinusoidal pulses with periods slower than 1.8 s. A near-infrared observation shows a magnitude Ks = 15.9 ± 0.2 source near 1E 1547.0-5408, but the implied X-ray to infrared flux ratio indicates that it is an unrelated field source, limiting the IR magnitude of any counterpart to 1E 1547.0-5408 to ≳17.5. Archival radio observations reveal that 1E 1547.0-5408 sits at the center of a faint, small radio shell, G327.24-0.13, possibly a previously unidentified supernova remnant. The X-ray properties of 1E 1547.0-5408 suggest that it is a magnetar, and the spatial coincidence between this source and G327.24-0.13 suggests that 1E 1547.0-5408 is associated with a young supernova remnant, supporting a neutron star interpretation. If both the nature of 1E 1547.0-5408 and G327.24-0.13 and their physical association are confirmed, this pair will be an important addition to the small number of known associations between magnetars and supernova remnants.
Study on a high spectrum modulation by introducing intersymbol interference

The design of the communication system follows the Nyquist intersymbol interference (ISI) criterion, which explains the design principle of the transmitting and receiving filters to mitigate the effects of ISI. In this work, we study how to utilize the ISI to benefit a communication system. We propose a novel modulation framework, which transmits the constellation symbols much faster than the Nyquist rate and therefore introduces heavy interference between consecutive symbols. The benefit of such modulation is that the frequency bandwidth of the modulated symbols is significantly compressed compared to the traditional modulated symbol with the same symbol rate. We discuss the demodulation process and present a particle filtering-type approximation demodulation method. Numerical simulation and comparison study demonstrate that under an achievable signal noise ration condition the meta-modulation realize a high spectrum efficiency, which is impossible to implement in the traditional QAM system.
Sensitivity to parameter and data variations in dimensionality reduction techniques

Dimensionality reduction techniques aim at representing high dimensional data in a meaningful and lower-dimensional space, improving the human comprehension and interpretation of data. In recent years, newer nonlinear techniques have been proposed in order to address the limitation of linear techniques. This paper presents a study of the stability of some of these dimensionality reduction techniques, analyzing their behavior under changes in the parameters and the data. The performances of these techniques are investigated on artificial datasets. The paper presents these results by identifying the weaknesses of each technique, and suggests some data-processing tasks to improve the stability.