Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitudes, and resources of sex education among female adolescents in public and private schools in Central Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the knowledge and sources of knowledge among Saudi female adolescent students, attending public and private schools in the city of Riyadh with regard to sexuality and reproductive health. METHODS This cross sectional survey was conducted from January to April 2009. Female adolescents between 11 and 21 years of age were invited to participate in the survey. Five classes of intermediate and secondary levels were randomly selected from 2 schools in Riyadh city. A total of 417 female students were included into the sample. Students were asked to answer a self-administrated questionnaire. RESULTS Forty-two percent of the participants reported that they discussed sexual matters with their friends. Only 15.8% discussed these matters with their parents (mothers). Interestingly, 17.3% discussed sexual matters with the domestic helper. Most (61%) reported that their teachers had negative attitudes toward questions related to sexual issues. Only 33.3%, 37.9% and 14.5% knew that syphilis, gonorrhea, and hepatitis B, are sexually transmitted diseases. No significant differences were found between students in private schools and public schools. CONCLUSION Formal sexual education should be introduced in the curriculum of the schools within the context of our religion and culture. Parents and teachers should be more open to discuss sexual issues with their children and students.
Myofilament Protein Alterations Promote Physical Disability in Aging and Disease

Skeletal muscle contractile function declines with age and age-associated diseases. Although muscle atrophy undoubtedly contributes to this decrease, recent findings suggest that reduced myofilament protein content and function also may participate. Based on these data, we propose that age- and disease-related alterations in myofilament proteins represent one molecular mechanism contributing to the development of physical disability.
Smaller footprint for Java collections

Bloat, specifically, containers's bloat is a potential Java performance bottleneck. We identify five memory compaction techniques that can be used to reduce the footprint of the small objects that make containers. Using these techniques, we describe methods for more efficient encoding of some JRE's ubiquitous data structures. For HashMap and HashSet the fused hashing encoding method, reduces memory overhead by 20%-45% on a 32-bit environment and 45%-65% on a 64-bit environment. This encoding guarantees these figures as lower bound regardless of the distribution of keys in hash buckets. A more opportunistic quashed hashing encoding method, achieves expected savings of 25%-70% on a 32-bit environment and 30%-75% on a 64-bit environments. For TreeMap and TreeSet we employ these five techniques, and capitalizing further on the special properties of the red-black balanced tree, we can reduce the overhead of tree nodes by 43%-55% on a 32-bit environment and 59%-61% on a 64-bit environment.
Emotional Intensity Calculation for Topical Microblog Based on Comments' Emotion

Emotional intensity analysis is widely applied in Twitter and Microblog. Moreover, the latest approach to calculate emotional intensity of Microblog is taking Microblog as an entirety and ignoring the comments. Because most of the topical Microblog has the topic comments which include emotional intensity, it is important to take topic comments into consideration. In this paper, we solve the problem by two steps. Firstly, we construct the sentiment lexicon, and then process comments of the topic to improve accurate of emotional intensity. Secondly, we use Authentication type of Microblog to optimize emotional intensity result. The experimental results demonstrate our method to calculate Chinese Microblog emotional intensity more effectively.
The Association between Intrauterine Inflammation and Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery at Term: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Different factors contribute to the onset of labor at term. In animal models onset of labor is characterized by an inflammatory response. The role of intrauterine inflammation, although implicated in preterm birth, is not yet established in human term labor. We hypothesized that intrauterine inflammation at term is associated with spontaneous onset of labor. Methods/Results In two large urban hospitals in the Netherlands, a cross-sectional study of spontaneous onset term vaginal deliveries and elective caesarean sections (CS), without signs of labor, was carried out. Placentas and amniotic fluid samples were collected during labor and/or at delivery. Histological signs of placenta inflammation were determined. Amniotic fluid proinflammatory cytokine concentrations were measured using ELISA. A total of 375 women were included. In term vaginal deliveries, more signs of intrauterine inflammation were found than in elective CS: the prevalence of chorioamnionitis was higher (18 vs 4%, p = 0.02) and amniotic fluid concentration of IL-6 was higher (3.1 vs 0.37 ng/mL, p<0.001). Similar results were obtained for IL-8 (10.93 vs 0.96 ng/mL, p<0.001) and percentage of detectable TNF-α (50 vs 4%, p<0.001). Conclusions This large cross-sectional study shows that spontaneous term delivery is characterized by histopathological signs of placenta inflammation and increased amniotic fluid proinflammatory cytokines.
Amplitude Modulation Patterns of Local Field Potentials Reveal Asynchronous Neuronal Populations

Neural oscillations, which appear in several areas of the nervous system and cover a wide frequency range, are a prominent issue in current neuroscience. Extracellularly recorded oscillations are generally thought to be a manifestation of a neural population with synchronized electrical activity resulting from coupling mechanisms. The vertebrate olfactory neuroepithelium exhibits β-band oscillations, termed peripheral waves (PWs), in their population response to odor stimulation. Here, we examine PWs in the channel catfish and propose that their properties could be explained as the superposition of asynchronous oscillators. Our model shows that the intriguing random pattern of amplitude-modulated PWs could be explained by Rayleigh fading, an interference phenomenon well known in physics and recognizable using statistical methods and signal analysis. We are proposing a mathematical fingerprint to characterize neural signals generated by the addition of random phase oscillators. Our interpretation of PWs as arising from asynchronous oscillators could be generalized to other neuronal populations, because it suggests that neural oscillations, detected in local field potential recordings within a narrow frequency band, do not necessarily originate from synchronization events.
Combined social cognitive and neurocognitive rehabilitation strategies in schizophrenia: neuropsychological and psychopathological influences on Theory of Mind improvement

Background Neurocognitive and social cognitive impairments represent important treatment targets in schizophrenia, as they are significant predictors of functional outcome. Different rehabilitative interventions have recently been developed, addressing both cognitive and psychosocial domains. Although promising, results are still heterogeneous and predictors of treatment outcome are not yet identified. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of two newly developed social cognitive interventions, respectively based on the use of videotaped material and comic strips, combined with domain-specific Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT). We also analysed possible predictors of training outcome, including basal neurocognitive performance, the degree of cognitive improvement after CRT and psychopathological variables. Method Seventy-five patients with schizophrenia treated with CRT, were randomly assigned to: social cognitive training (SCT) group, Theory of Mind Intervention (ToMI) group, and active control group (ACG). Results ANOVAs showed that SCT and ToMI groups improved significantly in ToM measures, whereas the ACG did not. We reported no influences of neuropsychological measures and improvement after CRT on changes in ToM. Both paranoid and non-paranoid subjects improved significantly after ToMI and SCT, without differences between groups, despite the better performance in basal ToM found among paranoid patients. In the ACG only non-paranoid patients showed an improvement in non-verbal ToM. Conclusion Results showed that both ToMI and SCT are effective in improving ToM in schizophrenia with no influence of neuropsychological domains. Our data also suggest that paranoid symptoms may discriminate between different types of ToM difficulties in schizophrenia.
Small Molecule-Induced Complement Factor D (Adipsin) Promotes Lipid Accumulation and Adipocyte Differentiation

Adipocytes are differentiated by various transcriptional cascades integrated on the master regulator, Pparγ. To discover new genes involved in adipocyte differentiation, preadipocytes were treated with three newly identified pro-adipogenic small molecules and GW7845 (a Pparγ agonist) for 24 hours and transcriptional profiling was analyzed. Four genes, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparγ), human complement factor D homolog (Cfd), Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 9 (Ccl9), and GIPC PDZ Domain Containing Family Member 2 (Gipc2) were induced by at least two different small molecules but not by GW7845. Cfd and Ccl9 expressions were specific to adipocytes and they were altered in obese mice. Small hairpin RNA (shRNA) mediated knockdown of Cfd in preadipocytes inhibited lipid accumulation and expression of adipocyte markers during adipocyte differentiation. Overexpression of Cfd promoted adipocyte differentiation, increased C3a production, and led to induction of C3a receptor (C3aR) target gene expression. Similarly, treatments with C3a or C3aR agonist (C4494) also promoted adipogenesis. C3aR knockdown suppressed adipogenesis and impaired the pro-adipogenic effects of Cfd, further suggesting the necessity for C3aR signaling in Cfd-mediated pro-adipogenic axis. Together, these data show the action of Cfd in adipogenesis and underscore the application of small molecules to identify genes in adipocytes.
Macular Sensitivity Change in Multiple Sclerosis followed with Microperimetry

Purpose. To describe the efficacy of MP-1 in detecting early multiple sclerosis (MS) retinal lesions and in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment in terms of changes in macular sensitivity. Methods. A 21-year-old woman with MS was referred to us complaining of recurrent episodes of eyesight loss in both eyes. At ophthalmologic examination, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25 bilaterally; ophthalmoscopy showed bilateral slight optic neuritis without swelling of the disc. Static perimetry of central visual field (30 degrees, by Octopus 101, Haag-Streit AG, Switzerland) and retinal sensitivity of the 12 central degrees (by MP-1 Micro Perimeter, Nidek Inc., Italy) were performed on the patient at that time. The microperimeter (MP-1) showed a loss of sensitivity in the macular region with 0.28±0.9 dB sensitivity in the right eye and 19.42±1.5 dB in the left. The mean fixation stability was 91% considering 2° and 99% considering 4° around the fixation points in the right eye, and 97% in 2° and 100% in 4° central degrees in the left. In the weeks that followed vision continued to get worse in both eyes, so she underwent a steroid therapy with methylprednisolone IV 1000 mg/day for 5 days and 500 mg/day for 3 days. Results. After 8 days of therapy the MP-1 showed a significant recovery in the right eye, with mean light sensitivity being 19.61±1.3 dB in the right eye and 20.0±0 dB in the left eye in both macular and peripapillary regions. The mean fixation stability was 100% considering 2° and 100% considering 4° around the fixation points in both eyes. Conlcusions. The MP-1 can be an interesting tool for neuro-ophthalmologists as it allows a more precise evaluation of the macular and peripapillary region, which is not easily studied with conventional automated perimetry. In MS, the presence of a subclinical form of optic nerve involvement can be demonstrated in a very early stage, and well followed by the introduction of microperimeter testing in the standard examination protocol.
How lecturers' beliefs shape their world of teaching

Until we utilize our ability to choose our worldview, to choose our beliefs, to choose the reality in which we wish to live, behavior remains habitual and unexamined" (Yero 2002:234). This article explains and discusses the influence of lecturers' beliefs on teaching. It is important for lecturers to engage in mindful teaching by becoming aware of their momentary doings. If lecturers could discover how their own mental models of reality (i.e. beliefs) shape the world within the classroom, they have the opportunity to make mindful decisions. It is recommended that lecturers do a self-inventory to help identify their patterns of thought and bring into consciousness the beliefs and values that underlies their teaching. Because each lecturer's thinking processes and interpretations are unique, only they can determine what changes need to be made in the classroom environment.
Clinical Trials Registry

NCT00269022 Use of SB-705498 in the acute treatment of migraine GlaxoSmithKline SB-705498 is a novel, first in class TRPV1 receptor antagonist under development for the treatment of migraine pain. Preclinical experiments have demonstrated that the TRPV1 receptor is expressed both centrally and peripherally in the trigeminal system and inhibition of TRPV1 with SB-705498 can both prevent and reverse established central sensitization. GSK Clinical trials center – 1-877-379-3718
Better external memory suffix array construction

Suffix arrays are a simple and powerful data structure for text processing that can be used for full text indexes, data compression, and many other applications, in particular, in bioinformatics. However, so far, it has appeared prohibitive to build suffix arrays for huge inputs that do not fit into main memory. This paper presents design, analysis, implementation, and experimental evaluation of several new and improved algorithms for suffix array construction. The algorithms are asymptotically optimal in the worst case or on average. Our implementation can construct suffix arrays for inputs of up to 4-GB in hours on a low-cost machine. As a tool of possible independent interest, we present a systematic way to design, analyze, and implement pipelined algorithms.
Gene of the month: E-cadherin (CDH1)

Epithelial-cadherin (E-cadherin; encoded by CDH1 ) is a member of the classical cadherins (the others being neural cadherin (N-cadherin) and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin)). These single-pass transmembrane glycoproteins are expressed by a variety of tissues and are involved in Ca2+-dependent cell–cell adhesion. Initially described as liver cell adhesion molecule in chickens1 and uvomorulin in mice,2 the name E-cadherin was first used by Takeichi and colleagues in the early 1980s.3 ,4 Since then its role in normal epithelial cell architecture and tissue formation, as well as a tumour suppressor gene in cancer development and progression, has been extensively studied. Cell–cell adhesions are vital to maintain the integrity of cells and cohesion of tissues, and the control of these junctions therefore plays an important part in tumourigenesis. E-cadherin mediates cell–cell contact at the basolateral membrane in adherens junctions and its expression is the hallmark of epithelial cell layers.5 This short review focuses on the structure and function of E-cadherin at the cell junction, including the cadherin–catenin complex and its involvement in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Finally, the role of E-cadherin in cancer and the therapeutic implications are discussed. The CDH1 gene is located on chromosome 16q22.1, spanning a region of approximately 100 kb.6 CDH1 comprises 16 exons and 15 introns and is highly conserved between species.6 The resulting E-cadherin protein is a 120 kDa glycoprotein consisting of an extracellular domain of five tandem repeated domains, a cytoplasmic domain and a single transmembrane domain.7 ,8 The extracellular domain has binding sites for Ca2+ ions and extends from the cell surface to bind to cadherins on adjacent cells by lateral dimerisation.9 This allows a cadherin–cadherin interface and thus cell–cell adhesion. The cytoplasmic domain consists of the juxtamembrane domain (JMD) and the catenin-binding domain (CBD), each …
Performance of space-time coding with HIPERLAN/2 and IEEE 802.11a WLAN standards on real channels

We examine the performance of a space-time coded (STC) OFDM system. As an example, two emerging WLAN standards (IEEE 802.11a and ETSI HIPERLAN/2) are modified to accommodate the STC technique. Performance results using statistical multi-element channel models are compared with those using state-of-the-art indoor MIMO channel measurements. We conclude that the gap between the ideal setting and our measured channel is 4, 5 and 6 dB for 1, 2 and 3 receive antennas respectively. We observe also that STC with (2Tx, 3Rx) over the measured channels doubles the capacity as compared to the equivalent mode of HIPERLAN/2.
Human Brain Image Database System ( HBIDS ) for Epilepsy

Quantitative assessment by imaging modalities of a human condition is typically encumbered by large pool of data. The human central nervous system lends itself to detailed study of its structural and functional aspects by several modalities. The outcome of such study is crucial in determining operability in situations such as epilepsy. Two primary issues are motivating us in this work that underline difficulties in current approaches to such analysis:
[Postoperative complications of curative treatment for rectal cancer in males with sphincter-preserving total mesorectal excision].

UNLABELLED Cancer of the rectum is an important problem for public health in Poland due to increasing incidence rate and still not satisfying treatment outcomes. Surgical management remains the mainstay of therapy. Because of introduction of the total mesorectal excision technique (TME) better locoregional control can be achieved. The value of the treatment method for clinical practice is associated with oncological effectiveness but it is also related to the risk of mortality and morbidity. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY To assess the risk of mortality and morbidity of the curative anterior resection with TME in male patients and to evaluate the association between the incidence of postoperative complications and patient-, tumour- and treatment-related variables. MATERIAL AND METHODS Consecutive 65 patients with histologically confirmed rectal cancer operated on with sphincter-saving TME method were studied prospectively RO resection was achieved in all cases. All anastomoses were constructed with end to end double-stapling technique. Adjuvant therapy was administered for 54% patients (in stages UICC II i III). 19% of patients received preoperative radiation with high-dose fractions to 25 Gy (5 x 5 Gy) and postoperative chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in six courses. In 35% of patients combined adjuvant radiotherapy to the total dose 50.4 Gy and chemotherapy scheduled as above was used. RESULTS There was no postoperative mortality. Early complications were noticed in 23% of patients: in 9.2% prolonged wound healing caused by superficial infection, in 6.9% anastomosis leakage (surgical treatment was performed in one patient), in 4.6% prolonged bowel paralysis, in 2.3% acute postoperative bleeding requiring relaparotomy. Late complications occurred in 16% of patients: in 6.9% anterior resection syndrome with bowel dysfunction (in one case defunctioning stoma was constructed), in 4.6% bladder dysfunction (nycturia with dysuria and urinary incontinence in 2.3% each), in 2.3% moderate benign anastomosis stricture and also in 2.3% complete sexual impotence. In patients with postoperative complications following factors were present: older age (> 75 years), obesity (BMI > 30), diabetes, preoperative radiotherapy and ultra low site of tumour (< 6 cm from the anal verge). CONCLUSIONS Anterior resection with TME technique is a safe procedure in male patients. The incidence of early and late postoperative complications seems to be acceptable especially considering the oncological advantages of this method. The risk of morbidity increases in older patients with obesity, diabetes, ultra low-sited tumours and after preoperative radiation therapy
Peering Inside a Canadian Interrogation Room

This study sought to shed light on the interrogation process through analysis of 44 video-recorded police interrogations of suspects in criminal cases. Results showed that, on average, interrogators used 34% of the components composing the nine-step Reid model of interrogation. Approximately 27% of the interrogations met Leo's criteria for a coercive interrogation; minimization tactics were observed slightly more than maximization tactics; and most interrogations followed the guidelines, suggestions, and themes endorsed by Inbau, Reid, Buckley, and Jayne. In addition, confessions were positively associated with the proportion of core Reid components, the number of influence tactics, and the number of coercive strategies observed. Confessions were not associated with the number of discouraged denials but were positively associated with the number of alternative questions provided. The implications of these findings for interrogation practices and research are discussed.
Hypomorphic A20 expression confers susceptibility to psoriasis

Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease that affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) gene polymorphisms have been strongly associated with psoriasis susceptibility. In this study, we investigate how TNFAIP3, also known as A20, may regulate psoriasis susceptibility. We found that haplo-insufficient A20+/- mice develop severe toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced skin inflammation compared to wild type mice owing to amplified production of interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23. Examination of TNFAIP3 mRNA expression in skin biopsies from patients with psoriasis revealed reduced expression in both involved and uninvolved skin. Our results demonstrate the clinical importance of reduced dermal expression of A20 in psoriasis and suggest that A20 restriction of the IL-23/17 axis protects against psoriasis.
Evaluating Go game records for prediction of player attributes

We propose a way of extracting and aggregating per-move evaluations from sets of Go game records. The evaluations capture different aspects of the games such as played patterns or statistic of sente/gote sequences. Using machine learning algorithms, the evaluations can be utilized to predict different relevant target variables. We apply this methodology to predict the strength and playing style of the player (e.g. territoriality or aggressivity) with good accuracy. We propose a number of possible applications including aiding in Go study, seeding real-work ranks of internet players or tuning of Go-playing programs.
A New Software Package for Predictive Gene Regulatory Network Modeling and Redesign

The efficacy of a newly created software package for predictive modeling of developmental gene regulatory networks (GRNs) has recently been demonstrated (Peter et al., 2012 ). The program GeNeTool computes spatial gene expression patterns based on GRN interactions and thereby allows the direct comparison of predicted and observed spatial expression patterns. GeNeTool also permits in silico exploration of both cis- and trans- perturbations of GRN interactions. Here, we present this program, review briefly its major features and applications, and provide a detailed and accessible tutorial.