Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating cranial musculoskeletal constraints in theropod dinosaurs

Many inferences on the biology, behaviour and ecology of extinct vertebrates are based on the reconstruction of the musculature and rely considerably on its accuracy. Although the advent of digital reconstruction techniques has facilitated the creation and testing of musculoskeletal hypotheses in recent years, muscle strain capabilities have rarely been considered. Here, a digital modelling approach using the freely available visualization and animation software Blender is applied to estimate cranial muscle length changes and optimal and maximal possible gape in different theropod dinosaurs. Models of living archosaur taxa (Alligator mississippiensis, Buteo buteo) were used in an extant phylogenetically bracketed framework to validate the method. Results of this study demonstrate that Tyrannosaurus rex, Allosaurus fragilis and Erlikosaurus andrewsi show distinct differences in the recruitment of the jaw adductor musculature and resulting gape, confirming previous dietary and ecological assumptions. While the carnivorous taxa T. rex and Allo. fragilis were capable of a wide gape and sustained muscle force, the herbivorous therizinosaurian E. andrewsi was constrained to small gape angles.
Endurance management for resistive Logic-In-Memory computing architectures

Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) is a promising non-volatile memory technology which enables modern in-memory computing architectures. Although RRAMs are known to be superior to conventional memories in many aspects, they suffer from a low write endurance. In this paper, we focus on balancing memory write traffic as a solution to extend the lifetime of resistive crossbar architectures. As a case study, we monitor the write traffic in a Programmable Logic-in-Memory (PLiM) architecture, and propose an endurance management scheme for it. The proposed endurance-aware compilation is capable of handling different trade-offs between write balance, latency, and area of the resulting PLiM implementations. Experimental evaluations on a set of benchmarks including large arithmetic and control functions show that the standard deviation of writes can be reduced by 86.65% on average compared to a naive compiler, while the average number of instructions and RRAM devices also decreases by 36.45% and 13.67%, respectively.
6 Neuropsychological Aspects of Parkinson ’ s Disease and Parkinsonian Syndromes

Consistent with the clinical focus of this volume, this chapter first acquaints the reader with basic distinctions between the clinical ‘‘brain-behavior’’ disciplines, namely neuropsychology, behavioral neurology, and neuropsychiatry. After describing the most common approaches to neuropsychological evaluation and the goals of neuropsychological evaluation in Parkinson’s disease (PD), the chapter highlights the cognitive alterations most frequently accompanying PD and those that occur in and differentiate dementias seen in PD from other neurodegenerative conditions. A discussion of the impact of emotional comorbidity on cognition makes clear the importance of treating anxiety, depression, and psychiatric symptoms in optimizing the afflicted person’s functioning and quality of life. Both medical and surgical treatments, the latter enjoying a renaissance after a protracted, relative absence from the treatment armamentarium after the introduction of levodopa, have the potential to impact cognition. Only a sparse literature devotes itself to treatment-related neurobehavioral complications and less frequent improvements. The chapter concludes with a brief comparison of the most common cognitive alterations
Jacobson generators, Fock representations and statistics of sl(n + 1)

The properties of A-statistics, related to the class of simple Lie algebras sl(n + 1), n ∈ Z+ (Palev, T.D.: Preprint JINR E17-10550 (1977); hep-th/9705032), are further investigated. The description of each sl(n + 1) is carried out via generators and their relations (see eq. (2.5)), first introduced by Jacobson. The related Fock spaces Wp, p ∈ N, are finite-dimensional irreducible sl(n+ 1)-modules. The Pauli principle of the underlying statistics is formulated. In addition the paper contains the following new results: (a) The A-statistics are interpreted as exclusion statistics; (b) Within each Wp operators B(p) ± ,. ,B(p) ± , proportional to the Jacobson generators, are introduced. It is proved that in an appropriate topology (Definition 2) lim p→∞ B(p) ± i = B ± i , where B ± i are Bose creation and annihilation operators; (c) It is shown that the local statistics of the degenerated hard-core Bose models and of the related Heisenberg spin models is p = 1 A-statistics.
An Examination of the Effects of Psychological Stress and Anxiety on Physical Activity and Physical Fitness

In this study multiple measures of psychological stress, anxiety, physical fitness and physical activity were collected from 25 subjects in order to examine the relationships between stress, anxiety and fitness and between stress, anxiety and physical activity levels. It has long been hypothesized that levels of physical activity and physical fitness are moderators of psychological stress (Da Silva, et al., 2012). It has also been suggested that there is a bidirectional relationship between stress and physical activity and fitness levels (Da Silva, et al., 2012). This study intended to consider the ways that psychological stress may influence physical fitness and physical activity levels. It was hypothesized that increased levels of psychological stress would correspond to decreased physical fitness and lower levels of physical activity. Analysis of the data supported the hypothesis that increased stress and anxiety are related to decreased levels of activity and that elevated anxiety is related to lower fitness when measured as an estimated VO2Max but elevated stress was not related to Estimated VO2Max and was associated with lower BMI, WHR and weight.
Role of family, teachers and peer groups in the interaction pattern of high school students: A sociological analysis

Socialization is the process through which we learn to live in a society and learn the values of society and the ways of thinking, doing and living that are deemed to be desirable. The school is of vital importance in the socialization of children. High school students come in contact with wider sections of students, teachers who belong to heterogeneous sociological background. Students cannot interact and behave as they have socialized in their families. They have confused and find it difficult to moving around with people. The purpose of the study is to assess the interaction pattern of high school students regarding selected issues affecting their family and school relationships and the influence of their teacher relationships and their peer relationships.
M ay 2 00 1 QED in Dispersing and Absorbing Media ∗

After giving an outline of the quantization scheme based on the microscopic Hopfield model of a dielectric bulk material, we show how the classical phenomenological Maxwell equations of the electromagnetic field in the presence of dielectric matter of given spaceand frequency-dependent complex permittivity can be transferred to quantum theory. Including in the theory the interaction of the medium-assisted field with atomic systems, we present both the minimalcoupling Hamiltonian and the multipolar-coupling Hamiltonian in the Coulomb gauge. To illustrate the concept, we discuss the input–output relations of radiation and the transformation of radiation-field quantum states at absorbing four-port devices, and the spontaneous decay of an excited atom near the surface of an absorbing body and in a spherical micro-cavity with intrinsic material losses. Finally, we give an extension of the quantization scheme to other media such as amplifying media, magnetic media, and nonlinear media. In Coherence and Statistics of Photons and Atoms, edited by J. Peřina (Wiley, New York, 2001)
Variation in extinction risk among birds: chance or evolutionary predisposition?

Collar et al. (1994) estimate that of the 9,672 extant species of bird, 1,111 are threatened by extinction. Here, we test whether these threatened species are simply a random sample of birds, or whether there is something about their biology that predisposes them to extinction. We ask three specific questions. First, is extinction risk randomly distributed among families? Second, which families, if any, contain more, or less, threatened species than would be expected by chance? Third, is variation between taxa in extinction risk associated with variation in either body size or fecundity? Extinction risk is not randomly distributed among families. The families which contain significantly more threatened species than expected are the parrots (Psittacidae), pheasants and allies (Phasianidae), albatrosses and allies (Procellariidae), rails (Rallidae), cranes (Gruidae), cracids (Cracidae), megapodes (Megapodidae) and pigeons (Columbidae). The only family which contains significantly fewer threatened species than expected is the woodpeckers (Picidae). Extinction risk is also not distributed randomly with respect to fecundity or body size. Once phylogeny has been controlled for, increases in extinction risk are independently associated with increases in body size and decreases in fecundity. We suggest that this is because low rates of fecundity, which evolved many tens of millions of years ago, predisposed certain lineages to extinction. Low–fecundity populations take longer to recover if they are reduced to small sizes and are, therefore, more likely to go extinct if an external force causes an increase in the rate of mortality, thereby perturbing the natural balance between fecundity and mortality.
PRIM: Priority-Based Top-k Monitoring in Wireless Sensor Networks

Top-k queries are important to many wireless sensor applications. Conventional Top-k query processing algorithms install a filter at each sensor node and suppress unnecessary sensor updates. However, they have some drawbacks that the sensor nodes consume energy extremely to probe sensor reading or update filters. Especially, it becomes worse, when the variation ratio of top-k result is higher. In this paper, we propose a novel top-k query processing algorithm for energy-efficiency. First, each sensor determines its priority as the order of data gathering. Next, sensor nodes that have higher priority transmit their sensor readings to the base station until gathering k sensor readings. In order to show the superiority of our query processing algorithm, we simulate the performance with the existing query processing algorithms. As a result, our experimental results show that the network lifetime of our method is prolonged largely over the existing method.
Feature Selection Method Based on Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm and Support Vector Machines for Medical Datasets Classification

This paper offers a hybrid approach that uses the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm for feature selection and support vector machines for classification. The purpose of this paper is to test the effect of elimination of the unimportant and obsolete features of the datasets on the success of the classification, using the SVM classifier. The developed approach conventionally used in liver diseases and diabetes diagnostics, which are commonly observed and reduce the quality of life, is developed. For the diagnosis of these diseases, hepatitis, liver disorders and diabetes datasets from the UCI database were used, and the proposed system reached a classification accuracies of 94.92%, 74.81%, and 79.29%, respectively. For these datasets, the classification accuracies were obtained by the help of the 10-fold cross-validation method. The results show that the performance of the method is highly successful compared to other results attained and seems very promising for pattern recognition applications.
An AIS-based cloud security model

As the construction of malicious software has shifted from novices to commercial, malware attacks grew considerably in frequency and traditional antivirus software fails to detect many modern malware and its increasing complexity has resulted in vulnerabilities that are being exploited by many malwares. In this paper we advocate an artificial immune system (AIS) based cloud security model for malware detection as in-cloud service instead of local-based antivirus software. We discuss how cloud based cloud security model can effectively coexist with traditional scanning technologies, and what are the advantages and limitations of this new approach. In the model, we combine local-host based detector in host agent with multiple detection engines in the cloud. This model enables detection of malware by multiple detection engines in the cloud in parallel. To explore and validate the idea we construct a prototype which includes a lightweight host agent, multiple detection engines in the network, and an AIS-based detection engine. We evaluate the performance and efficacy of the system using a dataset of 1500 malware samples through Arbor Malware Library (AML) covering a one year period.
Investigation of spatio-temporal dependencies in neuronal functional connectivity

Determining how the functional connectivity in cortical cultures on multi-electrode arrays develops over time can provide new and helpful insight into how cognitive pathways form. This study uses both data- and model-driven approaches to determine what dependencies are present in and between functional connectivity networks derived from bursts of extra-cellularly recorded activity. Two models were used to capture the dynamics of individual functional connections and their consistencies were verified using surrogate data. By comparing network-wide properties between model generated networks and functional networks from data, complex interdependencies were revealed. This indicates the persistent co-activation of neuronal pathways, as can be found in whole brain structures and further supports the use of cortical cultures as a consistent model for neuronal studies.
A model for security analysis of smart meters

Smart grids are replacing traditional power grids and smart meters are one of the key components of smart grids. Rapid deployment of smart grids has resulted in development of advanced metering infrastructures (AMI) without adequate security planning. In this paper we propose a systematic method for modeling functionalities of smart meters and deriving attacks that can be mounted on them. We apply our method to a real open source meter, implement two of the derived attacks, and measure their performance/memory overheads.
Ultrasonographic Diaphragmatic Motion Analysis and Its Correlation With Pulmonary Function in Hemiplegic Stroke Patients

Objective To evaluate diaphragmatic motion via M-mode ultrasonography and to correlate it with pulmonary function in stroke patients. Methods This was a preliminary study comprised of ten stroke patients and sixteen healthy volunteers. The M-mode ultrasonographic probe was positioned in the subcostal anterior region of the abdomen for transverse scanning of the diaphragm during quiet breathing, voluntary sniffing, and deep breathing. We analyzed diaphragmatic motion and the relationship between diaphragmatic motion and pulmonary function. Results All stroke patients had restrictive pulmonary dysfunction. Compared to that exhibited by control subjects, stroke patients exhibited a significant unilateral reduction in motion on the hemiplegic side, primarily during volitional breathing. Diaphragmatic excursion in right-hemiplegic patients was reduced on both sides compared to that in control subjects. However, diaphragmatic excursion was reduced only on the left side and increased on the right side in left-hemiplegic patients compared to that in control subjects. Left diaphragmatic motion during deep breathing correlated positively with forced vital capacity (rho=0.86, p=0.007) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (rho=0.79, p=0.021). Conclusion Reductions in diaphragmatic motion and pulmonary function can occur in stroke patients. Thus, this should be assessed prior to the initiation of rehabilitation therapy, and M-mode ultrasonography can be used for this purpose. It is a non-invasive method providing quantitative information that is correlated with pulmonary function.
Inter-organizational Workflow for Intelligent Audit of Information Technologies in terms of Entreprise Business Processes

IT governance is critical to the success of Enterprise governance by providing effective, efficient and measurable improvements in business processes by ensuring that information technologies are in line with business objectives. Consequently, this paper provides an intelligent solution to audit Information System Business processes using the IT Governance Framework COBIT. The particularity of this solution is the use of Inter-organization Workflows (IOW), Multi-agent System and semantic web. In fact Inter-Organizational Workflow is used to cooperate autonomous, heterogeneous and distributed organizations processes to reach a common goal. In this paper case the goal is the dynamic alignment of every Business Process with the convenient Information System component and this through a permanent interaction with different stockholders. Multi-agent Systems (MAS) are known as the natural solution for IOW modeling since they provide dynamic modification and execution of adaptive processes. In addition, MAS have the ability to describe distribution and coordination of IOW organizations in micro and macro level, with high level communication protocols. As for the semantic web, the proposed IT Governance IOW based on COBIT, has the principal role to match Enterprise real Business Goals with COBIT Business goals , so the use of the semantic web is a way to share business terminology and avoid semantic conflict for a correct and efficient Audit operation.
Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQL), the “PDQL-BR”, into Brazilian Portuguese

Translate, culturally adapt, and validate the “Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life” (PDQL) BR, into Brazilian Portuguese. Fifty-two patients answered the PDQL-BR. Twenty-one patients answered the PDQL-BR again 14 days later. The UPDRS and HY scale was applied. Validation was evaluated using psychometric properties, checking the quality of the data, reliability, and validity. Quality of the data was evaluated based on occurrence of ceiling and floor effects. Reliability was evaluated based on: internal consistency of an item, homogeneity, and reproducibility. Validation was checked through the evaluation of convergent and discriminatory validation. There was no ceiling and floor effect. When evaluating reliability, items 20, 30, and 37 showed correlation of 0.34, 0.26, and 0.37, respectively, to your scale; the other items was higher than 0.4. The alpha Cronbach coefficient was higher than 0.7 for most domains. There was good reproducibility. There were no meaningful changes in the PDQL-BR translation and cross-cultural adaptation.
Using OMG’S SYSML to support simulation

Currently, system engineering problems are solved using a wide range of domain-specific models and corresponding languages. It is unlikely that a single unified modeling language will be able to model in sufficient detail the large number of system aspects addressed by these domain-specific languages. Instead, a model integration framework is needed for managing the various modeling languages used to solve systems engineering problems. The Systems Modeling Language (OMG SysMLTM) can provide an answer to this need for model integration. Using SysML, a modeler can abstract a domain-specific language to a level that permits its interaction with other system models. In addition, graph transformation approach can be use to accomplishing automated, bidirectional transformation between SysML and the domain specific language. In this paper, a generic approach for defining such graph transformations is presented.
Towards a process for architectural modelling in agile software development

Agile methods and architectural modelling have been considered to be mutually exclusive. On the one hand, agile methods try to reduce overheads by avoiding activities that do not directly contribute to the immediate needs of the current project. This often leads to bad cross-project reuse. On the other hand, architectural modelling is considered a pre requisite for the systematic cross-project reuse and for the resulting increase in software developer productivity. The theme of this paper is to address the relationship between agile methods and architectural modelling and to propose a novel process for agile architectural modelling, which drives requirements elicitation through the use of patterns and components. This process is in-line with agile principles and is illustrated on an example application. Additionally, the paper points out the challenges connected to the process validation and proposes an approach for the empirical validation addressing these challenges.
The Availability of Radiological Measurement of Femoral Anteversion Angle: Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Reconstruction

Objective To assess the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability for measuring femoral anteversion angle (FAA) by a radiographic method using three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction (3D-CT). Methods The study included 82 children who presented with intoeing gait. 3D-CT data taken between 2006 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. FAA was measured by 3D-CT. FAA is defined as the angle between the long axis of the femur neck and condylar axis of the distal femur. FAA measurement was performed twice at both lower extremities by each rater. The intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were calculated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results One hundred and sixty-four lower limbs of 82 children (31 boys and 51 girls, 6.3±3.2 years old) were included. The ICCs of intra-rater measurement for the angle of femoral neck axis (NA) were 0.89 for rater A and 0.96 for rater B, and those of condylar axis (CA) were 0.99 for rater A and 0.99 for rater B, respectively. The ICC of inter-rater measurement for the angle of NA was 0.89 and that of CA was 0.92. By each rater, the ICCs of the intrarater measurement for FAA were 0.97 for rater A and 0.95 for rater B, respectively and the ICC of the inter-rater measurement for FAA was 0.89. Conclusion The 3D-CT measures for FAA are reliable within individual raters and between different raters. The 3D-CT measures of FAA can be a useful method for accurate diagnosis and follow-up of femoral anteversion.
A Teoria dos Custos de Transação explica a origem das redes

O ambiente organizacional tem se tornado cada vez mais dinâmico, volatil e com alta dinamicidade nas transacoes entre as organizacoes. Dentro dos temas emergentes estudados na teoria das organizacoes, estao as organizacoes em rede e as redes organizacionais. Seus conceitos advindos da antropologia e da sociologia influenciaram e obtiveram crescente difusao e utilizacao no contexto organizacional, principalmente, a partir dos principios da teoria dos sistemas e da contingencia. Por meio de uma revisao de literatura sobre redes organizacionais e custos de transacao, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo explicar a origem das redes organizacionais a luz da teoria dos custos de transacao. Concluiu-se que a teoria dos custos de transacao pode ser considerada como uma transicao entre a economia classica e as novas configuracoes de organizacoes em rede, sendo, portanto, uma possivel explicacao para a origem das redes organizacionais.