Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrothermal-coupled simulation of electrodes with flip-chip LEDs

The current density of GaN-based light emitting diode (LED) plays a strong impact on the light output and heat transfer performances. In this paper, the finite element simulation software ANSYS is used to simulate the thermoelectric performance of LED chip with different electrode structures. The conventional LED chip and the flip-chip (FC) LED with bumps are compared in terms of the current density and the temperature distribution. To improve the thermoelectric property of FC-LED, a structure of FC-LED with vias is proposed and simulated by the electrothermal-coupled. To improve the uniformity of current density of the FC-LED with vias, the electrode structure is optimized with symmetrical electrode. The simulated results show that the optimized structure obtains a better uniform temperature distribution, lower highest temperature and lower temperature difference. To confirm the relationship between the current density uniformity and the temperature distribution, the current density uniformity of different chip structures are quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the optimized FC-LED with vias shows the most uniform current density, indicating that the thermal properties are closely related to the uniformity of current density.
An SC35-like Protein and a Novel Serine/Arginine-rich Protein Interact with Arabidopsis U1-70K Protein*

The U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 70-kDa protein, a U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-specific protein, has been shown to have multiple roles in nuclear precursor mRNA processing in animals. By using the C-terminal arginine-rich region ofArabidopsis U1-70K protein in the yeast two-hybrid system, we have identified an SC35-like (SR33) and a novel plant serine/arginine-rich (SR) protein (SR45) that interact with the plant U1-70K. The SR33 and SR45 proteins share several features with SR proteins including modular domains typical of splicing factors in the SR family of proteins. However, both plant SR proteins are rich in proline, and SR45, unlike most animal SR proteins, has two distinct arginine/serine-rich domains separated by an RNA recognition motif. By using coprecipitation assays we confirmed the interaction of plant U1-70K with SR33 and SR45 proteins. Furthermore, in vivoand in vitro protein-protein interaction experiments have shown that SR33 protein interacts with itself and with SR45 protein but not with two other members (SRZ21 and SRZ22) of the SR family that are known to interact with the Arabidopsis full-length U-70K only. A Clk/Sty protein kinase (AFC-2) from Arabidopsisphosphorylated four SR proteins (SR33, SR45, SRZ21, and SRZ22). Coprecipitation studies have confirmed the interaction of SR proteins with AFC2 kinase, and the interaction between AFC2 and SR33 is modulated by the phosphorylation status of these proteins. These and our previous results suggest that the plant U1-70K interacts with at least four distinct members of the SR family including SR45 with its two arginine/serine-rich domains, and the interaction between the SR proteins and AFC2 is modulated by phosphorylation. The interaction of plant U1-70K with a novel set of proteins suggests the early stages of spliceosome assembly, and intron recognition in plants is likely to be different from animals.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF HUMAN VIGILANCE

Abstract : A series of experiments was conducted on human vigilance or the characteristics of long-term human attentiveness for the occasional occurrences of signals which are to be detected and reported. Emphasis was given complex visual displays with multiple stimulus sources and alpha-numeric signals of the general class found in semi-automatic man-machine systems. The results were that (1) vigilance decrement usually occurs in small but reliable amounts within a session but does not increase as a function of number of daily sessions, (2) only response produced stimuli from simple decision behavior were a source of stimulation that deterred vigilance decrement in accord with the arousal hypothesis, (3) temporal uncertainty was not associated with differential vigilance decrement although spatial uncertainty appeared to be under some circumstances, and (4) feedback about the operator's proficiency after each response was a training method that improved monitoring behavior in a stable manner.
Robust optimization of OSPF/IS-IS weights

In this paper, we adapt the heuristic of Fortz and Thorup for optimizing the weights of Shortest Path First protocols suchas Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) or Intermediate System-Intermediate System (IS-IS), in order to take into account failurescenarios.More precisely, we want to find a set of weights that is robust to all single link failures. A direct application of the originalheuristic, evaluating all the link failures, is too time consuming for realistic networks, so we developed a method based on acritical set of scenarios aimed to be representative of the whole set of scenarios. This allows us to make the problem manageableand achieve very robust solutions.
Development Process Patterns for Distributed Onshore/Offshore Software Projects

the globalisation of the commercial world, and the use of distributed working practices (Offshore/ onshore/ near- shore) has increased dramatically with the improvement of information and communication technologies. Many organisations, especially those that operate within knowledge intensive industries, have turned to distributed work arrangements to facilitate information exchange and provide competitive advantage in terms of cost and quicker delivery of the solutions. The information and communication technologies (ICT) must be able to provide services similar to face-to-face conditions. Additional organisations functions must be enhanced to overcome the shortcomings of ICT and also to compensate for time gaps, cultural differences, and distributed team work. Our proposed model identifies four key work models or patterns that affect the operation of distributed work arrangements, and we also propose guidelines for managing distributed work efficiently and effectively.
Treatment of hyperpigmentation component in chronic radiodermatitis with alexandrite epilation laser

lichen amyloid is an example of a disease of high prevalence in Asians. Furthermore, the use of traditional healing practices such as coining and cupping in this latter group may also be associated with specific cutaneous disorders. Finally, the cultural practice of skin bleaching is a significant problem in many individuals with skin of colour. Skin of colour also poses unique challenges in relation to dermatological therapeutics. If these are not appreciated, significant adverse reactions may occur. While superficial chemical peels and lasers may be associated with adverse reactions in this cohort, in experienced hands they can be used as adjunctive therapies for managing conditions such as pseudofolliculitis barbae. Disparities in access to healthcare may also have an impact on disease presentation in skin of colour. For example, although skin cancers are uncommon in this cohort, data from the U.S.A. demonstrate that individuals of African, Asian, Latin-American and American-Indian descent frequently present with advanced stage cutaneous malignant melanoma. Although this may reflect an aggressive tumour biology, the impact of accessibility to health services and a lack of awareness of melanoma risk in this cohort cannot be ignored. These issues are and will increasingly be addressed by skin of colour specialists. The emergence of the subspeciality of skin of colour, primarily in North America, is a significant and important milestone in dermatology. Here in the U.K., the presence of a wide variety of racial and ethnic groups, and the admixture of recent and second-generation immigrants, provide us with a unique perspective on this issue. The challenge for U.K. dermatology is using this unique resource to develop novel insights into skin of colour.
Shift from teaching to learning with Web 2.0

The shift from teaching to learning means reversing the traditional teachercentered understanding of learning, putting students at the center of the learning process and letting them participate in the evaluation of their learning. It is a shift from the teacher, who possesses and communicates knowledge with a particular aim, to the students, who acquire the knowledge they need to solve a problem with the help of the teacher. This paper presents a socio-technical community approach, which supports the shift from teaching to learning, and a first prototypical realization of a new kind of computer and Internet based teaching and learning systems at a Department of Computer Science in Germany. Numerous students (approx. 80-400 per lecture) participated in these lectures. Based on our empirical experience from 2002 until today, we present a good practice that combines face-to-face meetings and online discussions.
The frog prince-ss: a molecular formula for dorsoventral patterning in Xenopus.

Determination of the dorsoventral (D/V) axis in the frog, Xenopus laevis, begins soon after fertilization, and D/V asymmetry is present in all germ layers from early cleavage onward. Determinants of dorsal axial position may include members of the Wnt gene family and a novel gene, noggin, acting in conjunction with an activin-like protein. Formation of mesodermal tissues is a multistep process. Activins appear to be required during early cleavage stages for initial induction of both dorsal and ven t r a l mesoderm, whereas fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) appear to be required later in embryogenesis and induce posterior (dorsal and ventral) mesoderm. Subsequent to initial induction, the fates of mesodermal tissues are modified by both active dorsalizing and ventralizing forces that operate during late blastula and gastrula stages. Dorsalizing factors may include Wnt proteins, Noggin, activins, and members of the FGF family, whereas ventralizing factors may include the Xwnt-8 protein as well as bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4 or DVR-4).
An assessment of the sources of dietary salt in a British population.

An epidemiological study was conducted in the market town of March, Cambridgeshire, to assess the quantitative importance of cooking and table salt to total dietary salt intake by the use of a fused mixture of lithium carbonate and sodium chloride. Men and women aged 20-60 participated in a 12 day study with sequential 24 h urine collections to assess salt sources over a 7 day period. Total salt consumption estimated from urinary chloride excretion amounted to 10.6 +/- 0.55 (SEM) g in 33 men and 7.4 +/- 0.29 (SEM) g in 50 women. The cooking salt eaten was only 0.45 +/- 0.09 (SEM) g in men and women, with men eating more table salt (0.77 g/day) than women (0.46 g/day). Discretionary sources, i.e. cooking and table salt use, contributed only 15% to the total intake. Salt from manufacturing foods and catering in purchased food therefore provided on average 85% of total salt intake. These results are consistent even when an allowance is made for the slightly poorer pouring quality of the lithium-tagged salt. The importance of food as a source of salt was reflected in the significant relationship between the weight of the individual and the amount of salt eaten (for males P less than 0.05 and for females P less than 0.001). Cooking salt consumption did not relate to the amount of salt derived from purchased food nor did table salt use relate to the amount of salt in cooked foods. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Denatured DNA as a direct template for in vitro protein synthesis.

We recently reported' that certain preparations of DNA obtained from mammalian cells grown in cell culture were capable of markedly stimulating protein synthesis by an Escherichia coli cell-free system. It appeared that single-stranded DNA was acting directly as a template for protein synthesis. A detailed study of the requirements for this effect showed that RNA synthesis is not involved. " 2 DNA from other sources was found to be essentially inactive. Clearly it would be of great interest if this effect could be generalized since it could provide a means for direct translation of the genetic code of DNA into amino acid sequences. It will be shown below that streptomycin, neomycin, and kanamycin can greatly enhance the ability of single-stranded DNA from every source tested to stimulate protein synthesis by an E. coli cell-free system. The unique properties of DNA prepared from mammalian cells grown in culture result from its exposure to one or more of these antibiotics in the growth medium.2 Materials and Methods. -Cell-free protein synthesis was measured with extracts of E. coli strain K12 as previously described. ' The radioactive amino acids used were all obtained from New England Nuclear Corp. DNA was prepared from various sources by the methods of Berns and Thomas,3 and Marmur.4 The various DNA's of different base compositions5 originated from the following organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, 35 per cent GC; Bacillus subtilis, 42 per cent GC; E. coli, 50 per cent GC; Proteus morganii, 52 per cent GC; Aerobacter aerogenes, 55 per cent GC; Serratia marcescens, 58 per cent GC; Pseudomonas aeroginosa, 65 per cent GC; and various vertebrates, all 42 per cent GC. Salmon sperm DNA
Into the twilight zone: the complexities of mesopic vision and luminous efficiency

Of all the functions that define visual performance, the mesopic luminous efficiency function is probably the most complex and hardest to standardise or model. Complexities arise because of the substantial and often rapid visual changes that accompany the transition from scotopic to photopic vision. These are caused not only by the switch from rod to cone photoreceptors, but also by switches between different post‐receptoral pathways through which the rod and cone signals are transmitted. In this review, we list several of the complexities of mesopic vision, such as rod–cone interactions, rod saturation, mixed photoreceptor spectral sensitivities, different rod and cone retinal distributions, and the changes in the spatial properties of the visual system as it changes from rod‐ to cone‐mediated. Our main focus, however, is the enormous and often neglected temporal changes that occur in the mesopic range and their effect on luminous efficiency. Even before the transition from rod to cone vision is complete, a transition occurs within the rod system itself from a sluggish, sensitive post‐receptoral pathway to a faster, less sensitive pathway. As a consequence of these complexities, any measure of mesopic performance will depend not only on the illumination level, but also on the spectral content of the stimuli used to probe performance, their retinal location, their spatial frequency content, and their temporal frequency content. All these should be considered when attempting to derive (or to apply) a luminous efficiency function for mesopic vision.
A study of dogs with kennel cough

A detailed study of a population of dogs with kennel cough was undertaken. Twenty-seven (77 per cent) of a total of 35 dogs had pathological evidence of respiratory disease in the form of tracheobronchitis with, in some animals, exudative pneumonia. A variety of viral and bacterial agents were isolated from the respiratory tract of diseased dogs but Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus SV-5 appeared to be the most significant organisms recovered.
Effect of Nanosecond Glow Discharges on a Lean Premixed V-Flame

Nanosecond spark discharges are among the most promising plasmas in view of combustion enhancement. The direct visualization of rotating nanosecond sparks stabilizing a lean swirling flame illustrates the coupling between aerodynamics, plasma, and combustion dynamics. Although it is commonly acknowledged that both thermal and chemical effects of the plasma may play a role, comprehensive understanding of the mechanism by which the discharges affect the flame has not been achieved yet.
Physiological Coupling of Donor and Host Cardiomyocytes After Cellular Transplantation

Abstract —Cellular transplantation has emerged as a potential approach to treat diseased hearts. Although cell transplantation can affect global heart function, it is not known if this results directly via functional integration of donor myocytes or indirectly via enhanced revascularization and/or altered postinjury remodeling. To determine the degree to which donor cardiomyocytes are able to functionally integrate with the host myocardium, fetal transgenic cardiomyocytes expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein were transplanted into the hearts of nontransgenic adult mice. Two‐photon molecular excitation laser scanning microscopy was then used to simultaneously image cellular calcium transients in donor and host cells within the intact recipient hearts. Calcium transients in the donor cardiomyocytes were synchronous with and had kinetics indistinguishable from those of neighboring host cardiomyocytes. These results strongly suggest that donor cardiomyocytes functionally couple with host cardiomyocytes and support the notion that transplanted cardiomyocytes can form a functional syncytium with the host myocardium. (Circ Res. 2003;92:1217–1224.)
A new optimization technique for improving resource exploitation and critical path minimization

The paper presents a novel approach to algebraic optimization of data flow graphs in the domain of computationally intensive applications. The presented approach is based upon the paradigm of simulated evolution which has been proven to be a powerful method for solving large nonlinear optimization problems. We introduce a genetic algorithm with a new chromosomal representation of data flow graphs that serves as a basis for preserving the correctness of algebraic transformations and allows an efficient implementation of the genetic operators. Furthermore, we introduce a new class of hardware related transformation rules which for the first time allow to take existing component libraries into account. The efficiency of our method is demonstrated by encouraging experimental results for several standard benchmarks.
Impact of Body Site, Age, and Gender on the Collagen/Elastin Index by Noninvasive in vivo Vertical Two-Photon Microscopy

Background/Aims: Extrinsic and intrinsic skin aging is subject to constant remodeling and degradation processes, primarily in components of the extracellular matrix. While collagen fibers thin out during the aging process, the amorphous elastin fibers accumulate. These are essential formative components of the dermis. So far, these processes have been detected in vertical histological sections of invasive biopsies and recently in noninvasive horizontal scans. Methods: In this pilot study, a modified noninvasive 2-photon microscope was applied to measure the collagen/elastin index of skin in vivo. The obtained images permit an immediate vertical survey and allow a conclusion on the dermal composition at once. The collagen/elastin index was quantified by the second harmonic to autofluorescence aging index of dermis (SAAID) depending on volunteers' age (18-66 years), gender, and body area. Results: The highest SAAID was measured at the volar forearm as compared to the abdominal SAAID, which was significantly lower (p < 0.05). The gluteal region showed the significantly lowest SAAID (p < 0.05). The SAAID in female skin was higher compared to male skin and decreased with increasing age. Conclusion: These effects are to be considered in subsequent studies to be able to specifically detect and evaluate influences.
Toward understanding evidence uptake: Semirecumbency for pneumonia prevention

Objective Randomized trials show that the semirecumbent position compared with the supine position is associated with less gastroesophageal aspiration and pneumonia in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. However, semirecumbency is inconsistently used in practice. The objective of this study was to understand the perspectives of intensive care unit clinicians regarding the determinants and consequences of semirecumbency. Design Qualitative study using semistructured interviews and focus groups. Setting Three university-affiliated intensive care units. Participants A total of 93 intensive care unit clinicians, including bedside nurses, respiratory therapists, physiotherapists, nutritionists, residents, fellows, and intensivists. Methods We elicited perceptions about benefits and harms of semirecumbency, factors promoting and deterring use, and health systems changes to encourage semirecumbency. Interview and focus group notes were analyzed inductively to identify emerging themes. Validation methods involved triangulation by multidisciplinary analysis of several data sources collected through multiple methods and member checking. Measurements and Main Results Intensivists and nutritionists were familiar with semirecumbency as a potential pneumonia prevention strategy, whereas other clinicians were not. When made aware of the evidence, all participants endorsed semirecumbency. Nurses perceived that the main determinant of semirecumbency was physicians’ orders, whereas intensivists perceived that the main determinant was nursing preference. Participants identified barriers to semirecumbency related to useful alternative positions (e.g., lateral position), contraindications (e.g., hemodynamic instability), risk of harm (e.g., decubitus ulcers), safety (e.g., sliding out of the bed), and resources (e.g., insufficient beds facilitating semirecumbency). Education, guidelines, reminders, audit and feedback, charting, and quality improvement initiatives were advocated to promote semirecumbency. Conclusions Under-utilization of semirecumbency for pneumonia prevention is influenced by insufficient awareness of its benefit, real and perceived deterrents, poor agreement about implementation responsibility, and lack of enabling and reinforcing strategies. Cognitive, behavioral, and administrative approaches to enhancing evidence uptake may be needed in the complex, dynamic intensive care unit setting.
Phosphorylation of AATYK1 by Cdk5 Suppresses Its Tyrosine Phosphorylation

Apoptosis-associated tyrosine kinase 1 (AATYK1), a novel serine/threonine kinase that is highly expressed in the brain, is involved in neurite extension and apoptosis of cerebellar granule neurons; however, its precise function remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the interaction of AATYK1A with Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)/p35, a proline-directed protein kinase that is predominantly expressed in neurons. AATYK1A bound to the p35 activation subunit of Cdk5 in cultured cells and in mouse brains and colocalized with p35 on endosomes in COS-7 cells. AATYK1A was phosphorylated at Ser34 by Cdk5/p35 in vitro, in cultured neurons and in mouse brain. In PC12D cells, Ser34 phosphorylation increased after treatment with nerve growth factor and phosphorylated AATYK1A accumulated in growth cones of PC12D cells. Ser34 phosphorylation suppressed the tyrosine phosphorylation of AATYK1A by Src family kinases. These results suggest a possibility that AATYK1A plays a role in early to recycling endosomes and its function is regulated by phosphorylation with Cdk5 or Src-family kinases.
Evaluating radio news intonation - autosegmental versus superpositional modelling

This study examines prosodic correlates of the givenness of discourse entities in German radio news speech. The ma-terial comes from the Stuttgart Radio News Corpus. Both GToBI intonation labels and a Fujisaki-style parametrization of the intonation contour were examined. We ﬁnd strong word-class speciﬁc accentuation defaults; the inﬂuence of entity status is rather small and varies with word class. However, there are strong inﬂuences of newness on phrasing. The results of autosegmental and superpositional approaches complement each other nicely.