Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A definition and classification of status epilepticus – Report of the ILAE Task Force on Classification of Status Epilepticus

The Commission on Classification and Terminology and the Commission on Epidemiology of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) have charged a Task Force to revise concepts, definition, and classification of status epilepticus (SE). The proposed new definition of SE is as follows: Status epilepticus is a condition resulting either from the failure of the mechanisms responsible for seizure termination or from the initiation of mechanisms, which lead to abnormally, prolonged seizures (after time point t1). It is a condition, which can have long‐term consequences (after time point t2), including neuronal death, neuronal injury, and alteration of neuronal networks, depending on the type and duration of seizures. This definition is conceptual, with two operational dimensions: the first is the length of the seizure and the time point (t1) beyond which the seizure should be regarded as “continuous seizure activity. ” The second time point (t2) is the time of ongoing seizure activity after which there is a risk of long‐term consequences. In the case of convulsive (tonic–clonic) SE, both time points (t1 at 5 min and t2 at 30 min) are based on animal experiments and clinical research. This evidence is incomplete, and there is furthermore considerable variation, so these time points should be considered as the best estimates currently available. Data are not yet available for other forms of SE, but as knowledge and understanding increase, time points can be defined for specific forms of SE based on scientific evidence and incorporated into the definition, without changing the underlying concepts. A new diagnostic classification system of SE is proposed, which will provide a framework for clinical diagnosis, investigation, and therapeutic approaches for each patient. There are four axes: (1) semiology; (2) etiology; (3) electroencephalography (EEG) correlates; and (4) age. Axis 1 (semiology) lists different forms of SE divided into those with prominent motor systems, those without prominent motor systems, and currently indeterminate conditions (such as acute confusional states with epileptiform EEG patterns). Axis 2 (etiology) is divided into subcategories of known and unknown causes. Axis 3 (EEG correlates) adopts the latest recommendations by consensus panels to use the following descriptors for the EEG: name of pattern, morphology, location, time‐related features, modulation, and effect of intervention. Finally, axis 4 divides age groups into neonatal, infancy, childhood, adolescent and adulthood, and elderly.
Triplet-Based Deep Hashing Network for Cross-Modal Retrieval

Given the benefits of its low storage requirements and high retrieval efficiency, hashing has recently received increasing attention. In particular, cross-modal hashing has been widely and successfully used in multimedia similarity search applications. However, almost all existing methods employing cross-modal hashing cannot obtain powerful hash codes due to their ignoring the relative similarity between heterogeneous data that contains richer semantic information, leading to unsatisfactory retrieval performance. In this paper, we propose a triplet-based deep hashing (TDH) network for cross-modal retrieval. First, we utilize the triplet labels, which describe the relative relationships among three instances as supervision in order to capture more general semantic correlations between cross-modal instances. We then establish a loss function from the inter-modal view and the intra-modal view to boost the discriminative abilities of the hash codes. Finally, graph regularization is introduced into our proposed TDH method to preserve the original semantic similarity between hash codes in Hamming space. Experimental results show that our proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art approaches on two popular cross-modal data sets.
A Novel Power Minimization Precoding Scheme for MIMO-NOMA Uplink Systems

This letter is to investigate the use of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and new transceiver design for multiple-input multiple-output uplinks. A new NOMA implementation scheme with group interference cancelation is proposed to minimize the total power consumption subject to individual rate requirements. In this scheme, precoders and equalizers for users in the same group are designed jointly, and closed-form design procedures for user precoders are developed. Simulation results show that the proposed NOMA scheme outperforms both orthogonal multiple access transmissions and signal alignment NOMA scheme in terms of total power consumption.
High-resolution soft lithography: enabling materials for nanotechnologies.

The availability of commercially viable nanofabrication processes is key to realizing the potential of nanotechnologies, especially in the fields of photonics, electronics, and proteomics. The imprint lithographic (IL) technique is a case in point, an alternative to photolithography for manufacturing integrated circuits, nanofluidic and other devices with sub100-nm features. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that new materials are needed to advance IL methods to their putative limits. We recently reported the fabrication of organic-solvent resistant, microfluidic devices with features on the order of hundreds of microns made from photocurable perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs). PFPE-based materials are liquids at room temperature and can be photochemically cross-linked to yield highly fluorinated, solvent resistant, chemically robust, durable, elastomers with a modulus of 4.0 MPa. Herein we report the successful use of PFPE-based materials in high-resolution imprint lithography. Imprint lithography can be roughly broken into two areas: 1) so-called soft lithographic techniques, such as solventassisted micro-molding (SAMIM), micro-molding in capillaries (MIMIC), and microcontact printing (MCP), and 2) rigid imprint techniques, such as nanocontact molding (NCM), “step and flash” imprint lithography (S-FIL), and nanoimprint lithography (NIL). Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)
Media Massa Mempengaruhi PemanfaatanTeknologi Informasi Generasi Mudadalam Kehidupan Sehari-hari

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the extent of utilization of information technology (IT) and the level of modernity of the young generation as well as the contribution of socioeconomic status, knowledge of IT, and media consumption on the level of IT utilization and the level of modernity of the urban youth. Data were collected through a set of questionnaires and tests. The subjects of this research were 400 students from seven universities in Yogyakarta, both public and private universities. The data obtained were analyzed by Chi-square test, Kruskal- Wallis, Pearson Product Moment Correlation for descriptive analysis, and multiple regressions for hypothesis testing. The study reveals that the majority of the participants (65.3 percent) use IT just for their personal needs, especially for communication and entertainment, which are lifestyle oriented. In addition, in terms of modernity level, most of the subjects (71.5 percent) are at the adaptive modern level, reflected in the fact that they always followthe current changes in lifestyle, have moderate critical attitudes, but show fair tolerance. The results indicate that mass media consumption appears to give the highest contribution significantly to both the use of IT and the level of modernity; family socioeconomic status is found to considerably contribute to the utilization of IT, but not to the level of modernity; and IT knowledge has little contribution toward the use of IT and the level of modernity. Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi (TI) dan tingkat modernitas generasi muda, serta kontribusi status sosial ekonomi, pengetahuan TI, dan konsumsi media pada tingkat pemanfaatan TI dan tingkat modernitas kaummuda perkotaan. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan tes. Subjek penelitian adalah 400 mahasiswa dari tujuh universitas diYogyakarta, perguruan tinggi, baik negeri maupun swasta. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, Korelasi Pearson Product Momen untuk analisis deskriptif, dan regresi berganda untuk pengujian hipotesis. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar peserta (65,3 persen) menggunakan IT hanya untuk kebutuhan pribadi mereka, terutama untuk komunikasi dan hiburan, yang berorentasi pada gaya hidup.Dalam hal tingkat modernitas, sebagian besar subjek (71,5 persen) berada pada tingkat adaptif modern, tercermin dalam kenyataan bahwa mereka selalu mengikuti perubahan terbaru dalam gaya hidup, memiliki sikap kritis moderat, tetapi menunjukkan toleransi yang setara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa munculnya konsumsi media massa untuk memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan untuk penggunaan TI dan tingkat modernitas; status sosial ekonomi keluarga, ditemukan jauh berkontribusi pada konseptualisasi TI, tapi tidak ke tingkat modernitas; dan pengetahuan IT memiliki sedikit kontribusi terhadap pemanfaatan TI dan tingkat modernitas. Kata kunci: penggunaan teknologi informasi dan tingkat modernitas
Comparison of XAD‐2 Column and Blue Cotton Batch Techniques for Isolation of Metabolites of 2‐Amino‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline

In studies on the metabolism of 2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline (IQ) in the rat, two methods were used to concentrate IQ and its metabolites in urine: XAD‐2 columns and blue‐cotton extraction. These methods were compared as to the total recovery of *14C‐label and the results of high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the main metabolites. In the HPLC analysis, three major peaks in the polar region and two adjacent peaks in the nonpolar region having radioactivity were found in the urine from rats given *14C‐IQ. XAD‐2 columns adsorbed approximately 65% and blue cotton 23% of the applied isotope from the urinary metabolites. Both methods efficiently adsorbed and totally released the relatively nonpolar compounds in a mixture of metabolites, including the compound administered, IQ. However, they failed to retain the more polar metabolites. Thus, both the XAD‐2 column and blue cotton adsorption techniques may be useful mainly to concentrate nonpolar compounds from larger volumes of aqueous solutions.
Living African elephants belong to two species: Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach, 1797) and Loxodonta cyclotis (Matschie, 1900)

Living bush and forest African elephants, hitherto regarded as a single species, are evolutionarily and ecologically distinct forms. They deserve to be ranked as full species: the bush African elephant, Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach, 1797), and the forest African elephant Loxodonta cyclotis (Matschie, 1900). L. cyclotis is phylogenetically more primitive than L. africana. The implications of this designation may help in conserving these keystone species.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor type 2 mediates thymocyte proliferation independently of TNF receptor type 1

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mediates its biological effects by binding to two distinct but homologous receptor molecules. The type 1 receptor (TNF‐R1) has been shown to be essential and sufficient for most cellular responses to soluble TNF. In contrast, only limited data exist concerning the role of the type 2 receptor (TNF‐R2) in TNF responses, both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we demonstrate by the use of thymocytes from TNF‐R‐deficient mice that the TNF‐R2‐dependent enhancement of proliferation and secretion of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor is in fact mediated by TNF‐R2 on its own, independent of co‐expression and/or stimulation of TNF‐R1.
A comparative study of efficacy and safety of rupatadine versus desloratadine in patientswith chronic idiopathic urticaria

Treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is challenging because of its unpredictable course and negative influence on the quality of life. New treatments are being developed, but antihistaminics remain the cornerstone of the therapeutic approach. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of relatively new drug rupatadine with the established drug desloratadine in patients suffering from CIU. This prospective, randomized, open, outdoor-based clinical study was conducted at Department of Dermatology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of medical sciences, Kadapa from February, 2013 to March, 2013. A total of 56 patients of CIU were randomized either to rupatadine group (n= 28) or desloratadine group (n=28). The efficacy variables were change in the total symptoms score(TSS), aerius quality of life questionnaire(AEQLQ) total score, differential count of eosinophil(DC-E), absolute eosinophil count(AEC) and serum IgE level from baseline visit to end of the study visit (after 4 weeks). Along with these the incidence of adverse effects were compared using different statistical tools. After four weeks, in rupatadine group, TSS decreased by 22.5 %( vs 10.8% in desloratadine group); AEQLQ total score decreased by 31 %( vs 17.7% in desloratadine group); AEC was decreased by 36.2% (vs 15% in desloratadine group); and serum IgE decreased by 13.3 %( vs 5.9% in desloratadine group). All the values were statistically significant (p<0.05) compared to desloratadine group. The overall incidence of adverse drug reactions was also found to be less in the rupatadine group. An analysis of the results of all the parameters of safety and efficacy proves the superiority of rupatadine over desloratadine for CIU.
Frameshift Mutations of the hMSH6 Gene in Human Leukemia Cell Lines

Defects in DNA mismatch repair mechanisms, including frameshift mutations of the hMSH6 and hMSH3 genes at their (C)8 and (A)8 tracks, respectively, have been shown to be associated with human malignancies. To clarify the possible involvement of these mutations in hematopoietic malignancies, we screened a total of forty‐four human leukemia and lymphoma cell lines for mutations in the hMSH6 and hMSH3 genes, as well as in other genes required for DNA replication or repair, by polymerase chain reaction single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis and sequencing analysis. Frameshift mutations at the (C)8 track of the hMSH6 gene were detected in two cell lines established from lymphoid leukemias. These two cell lines had no wild‐type alleles, and both of them showed microsatellite instability. This is the first report that describes mutations and inactivation of the hMSH6 gene in hematological malignancies, suggesting that defects of the hMSH6 gene may be associated with development of hematological malignancies.
Phase dependent modulation of tremor amplitude in essential tremor through thalamic stimulation

High frequency deep brain stimulation of the thalamus can help ameliorate severe essential tremor. Here we explore how the efficacy, efficiency and selectivity of thalamic deep brain stimulation might be improved in this condition. We started from the hypothesis that the effects of electrical stimulation on essential tremor may be phase dependent, and that, in particular, there are tremor phases at which stimuli preferentially lead to a reduction in the amplitude of tremor. The latter could be exploited to improve deep brain stimulation, particularly if tremor suppression could be reinforced by cumulative effects. Accordingly, we stimulated 10 patients with essential tremor and thalamic electrodes, while recording tremor amplitude and phase. Stimulation near the postural tremor frequency entrained tremor. Tremor amplitude was also modulated depending on the phase at which stimulation pulses were delivered in the tremor cycle. Stimuli in one half of the tremor cycle reduced median tremor amplitude by ∼10%, while those in the opposite half of the tremor cycle increased tremor amplitude by a similar amount. At optimal phase alignment tremor suppression reached 27%. Moreover, tremor amplitude showed a non-linear increase in the degree of suppression with successive stimuli; tremor suppression was increased threefold if a stimulus was preceded by four stimuli with a similar phase relationship with respect to the tremor, suggesting cumulative, possibly plastic, effects. The present results pave the way for a stimulation system that tracks tremor phase to control when deep brain stimulation pulses are delivered to treat essential tremor. This would allow treatment effects to be maximized by focussing stimulation on the optimal phase for suppression and by ensuring that this is repeated over many cycles so as to harness cumulative effects. Such a system might potentially achieve tremor control with far less power demand and greater specificity than current high frequency stimulation approaches, and may lower the risk for tolerance and rebound.
Dielectric Characterization of Polylactic Acid Substrate in the Frequency Band 0.5–67 GHz

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a bio-based and biodegradable polymer currently used in a wide range of packaging, medical, and industrial applications. PLA is also envisaged for the development of sustainable products for general public, including electronic devices. For these applications, the knowledge of the dielectric properties is required, in particular for high frequency electronics. In this letter, coplanar waveguides are realized on a PLA substrate in order to characterize its complex permittivity from 0.5 to 67 GHz. To avoid putting the PLA in contact with strong chemicals or solvents, a line transfer technique combined with photolithography process has been developed to realize the test structure. The propagation constant is calculated by de-embedding techniques using S-parameter measurements. Finally, finite element method analysis is used to determine the real permittivity (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon _{r}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and loss tangent (tan<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of the PLA substrate.
Effects of Apple Pectin on Fecal Bacterial Enzymes in Azoxymethane‐induced Rat Colon Carcinogenesis

Because of the potential significance of colonic bacteria in colon carcinogenesis, we investigated the effect of pectin of different types on fecal bacterial enzymes (β‐glucuronidase, β‐glucosidase and tryptophanase) at various periods of time after feeding rats with pectin‐containing diets during azoxymethane‐induced colon carcinogenesis. The diet supplemented with 20% apple pectin or 20% citrus pectin decreased the multiplicity of colon tumors, and the number of tumors was significantly decreased in the group fed apple pectin. The incidence of colon tumors in the apple pectin group was lower than that in the control group. The mean tumor size was similar among the three groups. Apple pectin feeding decreased fecal β‐glucosidase and tryptophanase levels. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the activity of β‐glucuronidase was observed in the apple pectin group during the initiation phase. These findings suggest that the protective effect of pectin on colon carcinogenesis may be dependent on the type of pectin and be related to the decrease of β‐glucuronidase activity in the initiation stage of carcinogenesis.
Reliability and Validity of Internet Addiction Impairment Indexes

Objective To investigate the reliability and validity of internet addition impairment indexes so as to provide a basis for valid measure of internet addition.Methods Systematic stratified cluster sampling was used to choose 2 010 students from collages and high school as the subjects,who were surveyed with Internet Addiction Impairment Index and Chinese Internet Addiction Scale.Results Through exploratory factor analysis,4 factors of internet addiction impairment index were extracted:(1) tolerance and time management issue;(2) withdrawal reaction;(3) interpersonal,health and academic problems;(4) compulsion and salience.Criterion validity is 0.707;internal consistency reliability of the whole scale was 0.9085. Conclusion Internet addiction impairment indexes have good reliability and validity indicators.
On the Cultural Evolvement and Modern Health-building Value of Yoga

In this article,the author studies the origin,the development and the major characteristics of Yoga by historical review and cultural analysis of Yoga culture.The author illustrates its modern esthetic value and health-building significance so as to enhance the understanding of Yoga,propel the development of Yoga exercise,further promote the health-building function of Yoga,and finally improve people's physical and mental health.
A Comparison between Argon‐dye and Excimer‐dye Laser for Photodynamic Effect in Transplanted Mouse Tumor

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizing a hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) as a sensitizer has become a viable option for the local treatment of neoplastic disease. The argon‐dye laser system is commonly used as a light source in this treatment modality. The excimer‐dye laser, on the other hand, delivers high‐energy red light in a pulsatile fashion. In this investigation, we treated BALB/c mice bearing mouse kidney sarcoma cell tumors with PDT using HpD at the dose of 5 mg/kg body weight as a photosensitizer and either a standard argon‐dye laser or the pulsatile excimer‐dye laser as the light source. At equal light energy doses (50 J/cm2), necrotic changes at depths averaging 4 mm from the tumor surface were obtained with the argon‐dye laser (200 mW power output) while tumor necrosis at depths exceeding 15 mm from the tumor surface was obtained using the excimer‐dye laser (6 mJ/pulse, 5 Hz). To determine the best conditions for photoirradiation with the excimer‐dye laser, tumor‐bearing mice were treated with different total light doses (10, 30 and 50 J/cm2), dose rates (1, 3 and 6 mJ/cm2), and frequencies (5,15 and 50 Hz) of light exposure. Our results indicate that the optimal effects obtained with the excimer‐dye laser are related to the total light dose used and the dose rate, but not to the frequency of light exposure.
Hairless is a histone H3K9 demethylase

The hairless (HR) protein contains a Jumonji C (JmjC) domain that is conserved among a family of proteins with histone demethylase (HDM) activity. To test whether HR possesses HDM activity, we performed a series of in vitro demethylation assays, which demonstrated that HR can demethylate mono‐methylated or dimethylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9mel or me2). Moreover, ectopic expression of wild‐type HR, but not JmjC‐mutant HR, led to pronounced demethylation of H3K9 in cultured human HeLa cells. We also show that two missense mutations in HR, which we and others described in patients with atrichia with papular lesions, abolished the demethylase activity of HR, demonstrating the role of HR demethylase activity in human disease. By ChlP‐Seq analysis, we identified multiple new HR target genes, many of which play important roles in epidermal development, neural function, and transcriptional regulation, consistent with the predicted biological functions of HR Our findings demonstrate for the first time that HR is a H3K9 demethylase that regulates epidermal homeostasis via direct control of its target genes. —Liu, L. , Kim, H. , Casta, A. , Kobayashi, Y. , Shapiro, L. S. , Christiano, A. M. Hairless is a histone H3K9 demethylase. FASEB J. 28, 1534–1542 (2014). www.fasebj. org