Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A SSVEP Stimuli Encoding Method Using Trinary Frequency-Shift Keying Encoded SSVEP (TFSK-SSVEP)

SSVEP is a kind of BCI technology with advantage of high information transfer rate. However, due to its nature, frequencies could be used as stimuli are scarce. To solve such problem, a stimuli encoding method which encodes SSVEP signal using Frequency Shift–Keying (FSK) method is developed. In this method, each stimulus is controlled by a FSK signal which contains three different frequencies that represent “Bit 0,” “Bit 1” and “Bit 2” respectively. Different to common BFSK in digital communication, “Bit 0” and “Bit 1” composited the unique identifier of stimuli in binary bit stream form, while “Bit 2” indicates the ending of a stimuli encoding. EEG signal is acquired on channel Oz, O1, O2, Pz, P3, and P4, using ADS1299 at the sample rate of 250 SPS. Before original EEG signal is quadrature demodulated, it is detrended and then band-pass filtered using FFT-based FIR filtering to remove interference. Valid peak of the processed signal is acquired by calculating its derivative and converted into bit stream using window method. Theoretically, this coding method could implement at least 2n−1 (n is the length of bit command) stimulus while keeping the ITR the same. This method is suitable to implement stimuli on a monitor and where the frequency and phase could be used to code stimuli is limited as well as implementing portable BCI devices which is not capable of performing complex calculations.
Stationary frame-based predictive sensorless current control with zero steady state error

This paper proposes a stationary frame-based sensorless predictive current controller with zero steady state error for inverter based distribution generation systems. Analytical expressions for the error sources in the predictive current controller are derived. The stability margin for the predictive current control gain is also presented. A digital adaptive algorithm based on the steepest descent method for the grid voltage has been embedded in the control system to eliminate steady state error. The adaptive controller gains are determined by minimizing a cost function that reduces the tracking error. The elimination of the steady state error is achieved by a better prediction of the grid voltage based on adaptive algorithm, which minimizes the cost function. The on line adaptive controller algorithm guarantees the high robustness of the proposed system. The grid voltage estimation expressions for sensorless operation are derived to enhance the system reliability and performance therefore; the number of measurement sensors is decreased. The proposed control solution provides high quality of current injected to the grid and, therefore, high power quality. Finally, simulated and practical results are included to verify the derived expressions and the performance of the proposed control system.
One RNA polymerase serving two genomes

The land plant Arabidopsis thaliana contains three closely related nuclear genes encoding phage‐type RNA polymerases (RpoT;1, RpoT;2 and RpoT;3). The gene products of RpoT;1 and RpoT;3 have previously been shown to be imported into mitochondria and chloroplasts, respectively. Here we show that the transit peptide of RpoT;2 possesses dual targeting properties. Transient expression assays in tobacco protoplasts as well as stable transformation of Arabidopsis plants demonstrate efficient targeting of fusion peptides consisting of the N‐terminus of RpoT;2 joined to green fluorescent protein to both organelles. Thus, RpoT;2 might be the first RNA polymerase shown to transcribe genes in two different genomes. RNA polymerase activity of recombinant RpoT;2 is uneffected by the inhibitor tagetin, qualifying the gene product of RpoT;2 as a phage‐type polymerase.
Effectiveness of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in a Clinical Care Environment

OBJECTIVE To determine whether continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is effective in the management of type 1 diabetes when implemented in a manner that more closely approximates clinical practice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS After completion of a 6-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating CGM in children, adolescents, and adults with type 1 diabetes, CGM was initiated in the trial's control group with less intensive training and follow-up than was included in the RCT. Subjects had an outpatient training session, two follow-up phone calls, and outpatient visits at 1, 4, 13, and 26 weeks. For subjects with baseline A1C ≥7.0%, the primary outcome was change in A1C at 6 months. RESULTS CGM use decreased from a median of 7.0 days/week in the first month in the ≥25-year-old group, 6.3 days/week in the 15–24 year olds, and 6.8 days/week in the 8–14 year olds to 6.5, 3.3, and 3.7 days/week in the 6th month, respectively (P < 0.001 for each age-group). Among subjects with baseline A1C ≥7.0%, CGM use was associated with A1C reduction after 6 months (P = 0.02 adjusted for age-group). Severe hypoglycemia decreased from 27.7 events per 100 person-years in the 6-month control phase of the RCT to 15.0 events per 100 person-years in the 6-month follow-up CGM phase (P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS Frequent use of CGM in a clinical care setting may improve A1C and reduce episodes of hypoglycemia. However, sustained frequent use of CGM is less likely in children and adolescents than in adults.
Connecting food, well-being and environmental sustainability: towards an integrative public health nutrition

Modern society has no shortage of human nutrition science, nor interventions designed to improve the way we eat. Yet nutrition science, and the models, approaches and interventions derived from this, is apparently delivering diminishing returns in terms of population weight gain, unhealthy eating patterns and the obesity ‘epidemic’. We draw on a range of literature(s) to argue that public health nutritionists in affluent societies face an ingenuity gap – a series of complex and inter-connected challenges which are neither fully recognised nor easily amenable to resolution through conventional thinking and practice. Four such challenges are: nutritionism; economism; consumerism and individualism. We use an integrative framework to explain their significance for public health nutrition, where they exert a combined and compounding influence. In addition to these problems, insights from other disciplines show that ‘modern’ society and some of its key characteristics are linked to increasing environmental threats. The latter undermine food security and the sustainability of society itself, and possess global impact. For public health nutrition to be situated in and responsive to this broader context, the discipline will need a better understanding of the relationship between modern society, food choice and environmental sustainability. As ‘healthy eating’ may not be an achievable goal within the present social, economic and cultural system, public health nutrition has a unique and vital role to play in shaping change for the future.
Estimating Bargaining Games in Distribution Channels

The issue of power in distribution channels remains a topic of interest among both practitioners and researchers of marketing. This interest has, no doubt, been fueled by the growing power of retailers and the emergence of retail powerhouses such as Walmart. Power, in a distribution channels context, is often de ned as the ability to appropriate a larger share of the total channel surplus. In a simple manufacturer-retailer setting wholesale prices determine the pro t share a given channel member appropriates and consequently, power is directly related to the process of wholesale price setting. In most previous studies of channel interactions, it is assumed that the wholesale price is set by the manufacturer unilaterally, i.e. the manufacturer makes a take-it or leave-it o¤er to the retailer. A few notable exceptions are the theoretical works of Villas Boas and Iyer (2002) and Sha¤er and OBrien (2004) who examine channel relations and price setting in a formal bilateral bargaining framework. There is also enough anecdotal evidence to suggest that wholesale prices are indeed set via a bargaining process rather than by unilateral mandates issued by manufacturers. This paper relies on Nash bargaining theory to propose and implement an econometric framework to investigate channel structure and power. In a supermarket/retail store setting, we assume that the wholesale prices are negotiated between competing manufacturers and a common retailer. We model the negotiation process using a modi ed Nash bargaining framework with asymmetric bargaining powers. The wholesale prices that emerge as an outcome of the bargaining process are a function of anticipated pro ts and relative bargaining powers. The theoretical solution suggests that gains from trade be split in proportion to the bargaining powers of the trading parties. We contrast our proposed model with some of the standard models used in the Empirical Industrial Organization literature (e.g. Manufacturer Stackelberg) by calibrating each model to data from two di¤erent product categories. We nd that in terms of t, our proposed model performs better than extant models of channel interactions and hence provides empirical evidence to support bargaining as the more plausible pricing mechanism in distribution channels. While our results continue to support notions of power obtained in previous studies (e.g. a manufacturer with a high market share has relatively more power) they also shed light on nuances that were hitherto unexplored. Particular among there are the factors that inuence bargaining power such as cost advantages and brand equity.
Benefits and Risks of the Combination of Clopidogrel and Aspirin in Patients Undergoing Surgical Revascularization for Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent ischemic Events (CURE) Trial

Background—Antiplatelet therapy and antithrombin therapy have been demonstrated to reduce the risk of cardiac events in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome, yet all effective therapies also increase the risk of bleeding. Methods and Results—In the Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent ischemic Events (CURE) trial, 12 562 patients were randomized to clopidogrel or placebo in addition to aspirin, and the primary outcome was cardiovascular (CV) death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke. The benefits were consistent among those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) [9.6% for clopidogrel, 13.2% for placebo; relative risk (RR), 0.72; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.90], coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery (14.5% for clopidogrel 16.2% for placebo; RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.11), and medical therapy only (8.1% for clopidogrel, 10.0% for placebo; RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.92; test for interaction among strata, 0.53). For CABG during the initial hospitalization (530 for placebo, 485 for clopidogrel), the frequency of CV death, MI or stroke before CABG was 4.7% for placebo and 2.9% for clopidogrel (RR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.29 to 1.08). For the entire study, there was a 1% excess of major bleeding but no significant excess of life-threatening bleeding. Among patients undergoing CABG, the rates of life-threatening bleeding were 5.6% for clopidogrel and 4.2% for placebo (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.95; both nonsignificant). Conclusions—The benefits versus risks of early and long-term clopidogrel therapy (freedom from CV death, MI, stroke, or life-threatening bleeding) are similar in those undergoing revascularization (CABG or PCI) and in the study population as a whole. Overall, the benefits of starting clopidogrel on admission appear to outweigh the risks, even among those who proceed to CABG during the initial hospitalization.
Estimation de la densité d'arcs dans les graphes de grande taille : une alternative à la détection de clusters

Résumé. La recherche de structures dans les graphes est un sujet étudié depuis longtemps, qui a bénéficié d’un regain d’intérêt avec la mise à disposition de graphes de grande taille sur le web, tels les réseaux sociaux. De nombreuses méthodes de recherche de clusters “naturels” dans les graphes ont été proposées, fondées notamment sur la modularité de Newman. On introduit dans cet article une nouvelle façon de résumer la structure des graphes de grande taille, en utilisant des estimateurs de densité des arcs exploitant des modèles en grille, basés sur un co-partitionnent des noeuds source et cible des arcs. Les structures identifiées par cette méthode vont au delà de la “classique” détection de clusters dans les graphes, et permettent d’estimer asymptotiquement la densité des arcs. Les expérimentations confirment le potentiel de l’approche, qui permet d’identifier des structures fortement informatives dans les graphes, sans faire l’hypothèse d’une décomposition en clusters denses.
SnCTM: reducing false transaction aborts by adaptively changing the source of conflict detection

Optimistic concurrency provided by Transactional Memory (TM) makes it a good candidate for maintaining synchronization in future multi-core processors. Speculative execution and bulk level conflict detection enable TM to provide synchronization at fine grain without the complexity of managing fine grain locks. Early hardware TM systems proposed to store the information needed for checking conflicts in the Level 1 (L1) cache, thereby limiting the size of a transaction to the size of the L1 cache. The introduction of signatures to TM systems removed this limitation and allowed transactions to be of any size. However signatures produce false positives which leads to performance degradation in TM systems. The objective of introducing signatures to TM is that the size of a transaction can be bigger than the L1 cache. Once signatures are integrated to a TM system, they are used to detect conflicts regardless of the size of a transaction. This means signatures are being used even for transactions that can store their read and write sets in the L1 cache. Based on this observation we propose SnCTM, a TM system that adaptively changes the source used to detect conflicts. In our approach, when a transaction fits in the L1 cache, cache line information is used to detect conflicts and signatures are used otherwise. By adaptively changing the source, SnCTM achieved up to 4.62 and 2.93 times speed-up over a baseline TM using lazy versioning and lazy conflict detection with two commonly used signature configurations. We also show that our system, even with a smaller signature (64 bit), can achieve performance comparable to a system with a perfect signature (8k bit).
Measuring service quality in a tertiary institution

Measures service quality from the point of view of the customer using the SERVQUAL model. The “customers” in this instance were a group of business students at an Australian university. Obtains service quality evaluations in relation to academic and administrative aspects of the educational service. Makes significant negative evaluations in relation to the quality of administrative services. Finds that satisfaction with the academic service was closely related to dependability whereas satisfaction with administrative services was associated with good communication.
Application of 2-Dimensional Adaptive Control

This paper provides alternative approaches to solve iterative learning control (ILC) of robotic manipulators by introducing hybrid adaptation schemes and extended versions of those, that is, 2-dimensional adaptive control. The 2dimensional adaptive control strategies contain 2 types of adaptation processes, off-line tuning and on-line tuning, simultaneously, and provide more skillful learning properties where adaptive processes themselves are improved adaptively. Copyright c ©2005 IFAC
Mindfulness as a cognitive–emotional segmentation strategy: An intervention promoting work–life balance

Employees struggling with work-related cognitions, emotions, and associated energy levels during non-work time can find their private roles impaired and work�life balance derogated. To reduce unwanted psychological preoccupation with work concerns, boundary theory suggests employees find their ideal way to integrate or segment both life domains. In this study, the authors design and evaluate an intervention teaching mindfulness as a cognitive�emotional segmentation strategy to promote work�life balance. They use a randomized waitlist control group design to evaluate effects of a 3-week online self-training intervention, with 246 employees participating at pre- and post-test, and 191 participating at a 2-week follow-up. As expected, experimental group participants, compared with control group participants, experienced significantly less strain-based work�family conflict and significantly more psychological detachment and satisfaction with work�life balance.
Sticking to it: A Multifactor Cancer Risk-Reduction Program for Low-Income Clients

Abstract This study describes the results of implementing an educational program called “Sticking to It,” which was designed to engage participants in developing behavior change skills that may reduce risk for various types of cancer. Paraprofessional instructors delivered a 6-week interactive group program. Self-report questionnaires were completed at program start, program end, and 6-month follow-up to determine behavior change stages for cancer risk-reduction behaviors and confidence in performing behavior change skills. Three hundred eighty-six individuals participated in the program (62% completion rate). Participants self-reported success in making positive movement in stages of behavior change for the five health behaviors addressed in the program (fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, low-fat eating, smoking cessation, and sun exposure) and maintained these changes at the 6-month follow-up. Significant increases in confidence to perform most behavior change skills from pre- to postprogram and follow-up also were reported.
A Case Study: Lessons Learned From Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Development: Approval of a Vaccine for Use in Children and Young Adolescents for Prevention of an Adult Disease

This article presents the adolescent clinical trials program for the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (Merck and Co, Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ) as a case study of the development of a preventive intervention for use in young adolescents to protect against a future sexually transmitted infection and its associated diseases. In light of similarities in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and HIV with regard to sexual transmission and the associated social and ethical issues related to prevention trial development, lessons learned from the approach taken to the inclusion of adolescents in the quadrivalent HPV vaccine program have potential relevance to future HIV prevention trials. Epidemiologic support for HPV vaccination in adolescents and a regulatory-approved approach to immunogenicity studies for bridging of efficacy from adults formed the basis for including young adolescents in the HPV program. The successful achievement of regulatory approval for use of this prophylactic intervention in young adolescents for prevention of a sexually transmitted infection that is most frequently not acquired before mid to late adolescence required understanding of the particular challenges of studying the vulnerable adolescent population with respect to issues such as federal regulations, the role of parents, confidentiality, empowerment, and retention, and awareness of the social and political context within which prevention interventions are introduced.
Characteristics of secrets and the frequency, reasons and effects of secrets keeping and disclosure

This longitudinal study examines secrets keeping and disclosure. College students filled in two questionnaires, with a 4 months time span in between. Their psychological and physical wellbeing was investigated, together with self-esteem, the topic and some characteristics of their most important secret (if they had a secret), reasons for having the secret, to whom they confide the secret, how they felt about confiding, and whether they thought that their behaviour would reveal that they kept a secret when they talked with someone who is not aware of their secret. The findings showed that total secrecy was rare, and that most secret-holders had informed at least one other person about their secret. Moreover, the findings challenge the view that secrets keeping has negative effects on secret-holders. Results revealed some negative effects, but only when the secret was serious. No positive effects were found for secrets disclosure. Secret-holders confided information to those with whom they felt emotionally close; were more reluctant to confide when they kept the secret to avoid disapproval, and more likely to confide when they believed that others would find out about their secrets by paying attention to their (secret-holders) behaviour.
Professional Work: A Sociological Approach

List of Figures.List of Tables.Acknowledgements. 1. Professional and Managerial Work in the 21st Century. 2. Conceptual Background: The Expert Division of Labor and Professional Work. 3. Managers and Managerial Work in the 20th Century. 4. The Neoentrepreneurial Workplace.5. Theoretical Models of Professional Work. 6. Change in the Organizational Context of Managerial and Professional Work. 7. Interest Diversity and Demographic Diversity Among Professionals. 8. Organizations as Vehicles for Producing Stratification Among Professionals. 9. Conclusion: The Rise of the Postorganizational Workplace. Additional Readings on Professions. References. Index.
Extreme bandits

In many areas of medicine, security, and life sciences, we want to allocate limited resources to different sources in order to detect extreme values. In this paper, we study an efficient way to allocate these resources sequentially under limited feedback. While sequential design of experiments is well studied in bandit theory, the most commonly optimized property is the regret with respect to the maximum mean reward. However, in other problems such as network intrusion detection, we are interested in detecting the most extreme value output by the sources. Therefore, in our work we study extreme regret which measures the efficiency of an algorithm compared to the oracle policy selecting the source with the heaviest tail. We propose the EXTREMEHUNTER algorithm, provide its analysis, and evaluate it empirically on synthetic and real-world experiments.
Effects of modality shift and motor response shift on simple reaction time in schizophrenia patients.

The modality shift effect (MSE) shows that the reaction time (RT) of schizophrenia patients is longer when successive imperative stimuli are of different modality (e.g., light followed by sound) than when they are identical (e.g., sound followed by sound). The authors analyzed the RTs of 49 men: 21 had schizophrenia, 13 were alcoholic, and 15 were controls. The results from a standard paradigm to provoke the MSE indicated a considerably more pronounced MSE in schizophrenia patients than in the comparison groups. Another experimental condition was used to test whether the effect is due to the longer activity of neural traces in sensory pathways in schizophrenia patients or to changes in an entire stimulus response cycle. Results suggest that only a shift in modality and not in the required motor response lengthened the RTs of the schizophrenia patients more than of the other groups.