Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ENSO Evolution and Teleconnections in IPCC’s Twentieth-Century Climate Simulations: Realistic Representation?

Abstract This study focuses on the assessment of the spatiotemporal structure of ENSO variability and its winter climate teleconnections to North America in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) simulations of twentieth-century climate. The 1950–99 period simulations of six IPCC models are analyzed in an effort to benchmark models in the simulation of this leading mode of interannual variability: the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Coupled Model version 2.1 (CM2.1), the coupled ocean–atmosphere model of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS-EH), the NCAR Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3), the NCAR Parallel Coupled Model (PCM), the Hadley Centre Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean General Circulation Model version 3 (HadCM3), and version 3.2 of the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate at high resolution [MIROC3.2 (hires)]. The standard deviation of monthly SST anomalies is maximum in the Nino-3 region in all six simulations.
Depression as a Predictor of Facebook Surveillance and Envy

Abstract. Prior research has shown an association between Facebook users’ likelihood of engaging in social surveillance (i.e., browsing through friends’ postings without directly interacting with them), their experience of envy, and their depressive symptoms. Yet the directionality and duration of this effect are unclear. Drawing on the stress generation hypothesis, we postulate that depression increases Facebook surveillance and envy, which may increase depression over time. Using a cross-lagged longitudinal design with two waves spaced 1 year apart, we find that, as expected, depression was associated with more Facebook surveillance and more envy, both initially and 1 year later. However, neither Facebook surveillance nor envy at Time 1 increased depression at Time 2. Instead, depression predicted envy, and envy predicted Facebook surveillance over time. The results show the utility of the stress generation hypothesis in a social media context and have implications for Facebook users’ psychological well-being.
Low Mach Number Fluctuating Hydrodynamics of Diffusively Mixing Fluids

We formulate low Mach number fluctuating hydrodynamic equations appropriate for modeling diffusive mixing in isothermal mixtures of fluids with different density and transport coefficients. These equations eliminate the fluctuations in pressure associated with the propagation of sound waves by replacing the equation of state with a local thermodynamic constraint. We demonstrate that the low Mach number model preserves the spatio-temporal spectrum of the slower diffusive fluctuations. We develop a strictly conservative finite-volume spatial discretization of the low Mach number fluctuating equations in both two and three dimensions and construct several explicit Runge-Kutta temporal integrators that strictly maintain the equation of state constraint. The resulting spatio-temporal discretization is second-order accurate deterministically and maintains fluctuation-dissipation balance in the linearized stochastic equations. We apply our algorithms to model the development of giant concentration fluctuations in the presence of concentration gradients, and investigate the validity of common simplifications such as neglecting the spatial non-homogeneity of density and transport properties. We perform simulations of diffusive mixing of two fluids of different densities in two dimensions and compare the results of low Mach number continuum simulations to hard-disk molecular dynamics simulations. Excellent agreement is observed between the particle and continuum simulations of giant fluctuations during time-dependent diffusive mixing.
In situ study of hydrogen silsesquioxane dissolution rate in salty and electrochemical developers

In order to better characterize the development of the electron-beam resist hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ), the authors used a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to study its rate of dissolution in situ. The authors determined the effect of both salt concentration and applied electric potential on the development rate of HSQ. The development rates were measured by spinning HSQ directly onto a quartz crystal resonator, and then developing in a QCM microfluidic module. In order to more directly observe the effect of electric potentials on the HSQ development rate, a film of HSQ was partially cross-linked in an O2 plasma asher and then developed in the QCM flow module with a salt-free NaOH solution. As the partially cross-linked HSQ slowly developed, electric potentials were applied and removed from the crystal allowing the observation of how the development rate increased upon the application of a positive electric potential. The increased development rate caused by both the addition of salt ions and a positive electric potential suggests that the rate may be limited by a build-up of negative charge on the HSQ.
Insight, part of a Special Feature on A Framework for Analyzing, Comparing, and Diagnosing Social-Ecological Systems Social-ecological system framework: initial changes and continuing challenges

The social-ecological system (SES) framework investigated in this special issue enables researchers from diverse disciplinary backgrounds working on different resource sectors in disparate geographic areas, biophysical conditions, and temporal domains to share a common vocabulary for the construction and testing of alternative theories and models that determine which influences on processes and outcomes are especially critical in specific empirical settings. We summarize changes that have been made to this framework and discuss a few remaining ambiguities in its formulation. Specifically, we offer a tentative rearrangement of the list of relevant attributes of governance systems and discuss other ways to make this framework applicable to policy settings beyond natural resource settings. The SES framework will continue to change as more researchers apply it to additional contexts; the main purpose of this article is to delineate the version that served as the basis for the theoretical innovations and empirical analyses detailed in other contributions to this special issue.
Aging Bloom Filter with Two Active Buffers for Dynamic Sets

A Bloom filter is a simple but powerful data structure that can check membership to a static set. As Bloom filters become more popular for network applications, a membership query for a dynamic set is also required. Some network applications require high-speed processing of packets. For this purpose, Bloom filters should reside in a fast and small memory, SRAM. In this case, due to the limited memory size, stale data in the Bloom filter should be deleted to make space for new data. Namely the Bloom filter needs aging like LRU caching. In this paper, we propose a new aging scheme for Bloom filters. The proposed scheme utilizes the memory space more efficiently than double buffering, the current state of the art. We prove theoretically that the proposed scheme outperforms double buffering. We also perform experiments on real Internet traces to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
EFFECTS OF DAILY ORAL IRON SUPPLEMENTATION ON HISTOMORPHOLOGY OF RAT PLACENTA

Objective: To assess the effects of daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy on the histomorphology of rat placenta. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: NIH and Army Medical College Rawalpindi, from Oct 2010 to Jan 2011. Material and Methods: Thirty two adult female and ten adult male Sprague Dawley rats were taken. After pregnancy was confirmed they were divided randomly into two equal groups and Ferrous Sulphate (FeSO4) was administered at the dose of 0 mg/Kg body weight (control) and 10 mg/Kg body weight (Experimental), starting from gestation day 0 (GD 0). Half of the animals from each group were sacrificed at GD 17 and half at GD 20. The placentae were separated; sections were taken and processed for light microscopic examination. In H&E and PAS stained slides, thickness of labyrinthine zone, trophospongium zone and fetomaternal barrier was measured and number of giant cells were counted. Results: The results were assessed at GD 17 and GD 20. The results showed no significant difference in the histomorphology of placenta at GD 17. At GD 20, significant decrease in thickness of labyrinthine zone and trophospongium zone and significant reduction in the number of giant cells in experimental group as compared to the control group was noted. There is no significant difference in the thickness of fetomaternal barrier. Conclusion: Adequate iron supplementation is crucial for maintaining healthy pregnancy. Blood volume increases during pregnancy, so extra iron is needed to make more hemoglobin that is critical for the normal development of placenta especially duing the last trimester. There should be increased awareness regarding the need of healthy diet and iron supplementation at the beginning of the pregnancy.
Big Data Challenges

The amount of data that is traveling across the internet today, not only that is large, but is complex as well. Companies, institutions, healthcare system etc., all of them use piles of data which are further used for creating reports in order to ensure continuity regarding the services that they have to offer. The process behind the results that these entities requests represents a challenge for software developers and companies that provide IT infrastructure. The challenge is how to manipulate an impressive volume of data that has to be securely delivered through the internet and reach its destination intact. This paper treats the challenges that Big Data creates.
Detection of Neovascularization Based on Fractal and Texture Analysis with Interaction Effects in Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of blindness. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is a result of severe vascular complication and is visible as neovascularization of the retina. Automatic detection of such new vessels would be useful for the severity grading of diabetic retinopathy, and it is an important part of screening process to identify those who may require immediate treatment for their diabetic retinopathy. We proposed a novel new vessels detection method including statistical texture analysis (STA), high order spectrum analysis (HOS), fractal analysis (FA), and most importantly we have shown that by incorporating their associated interactions the accuracy of new vessels detection can be greatly improved. To assess its performance, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (AUC) are obtained. They are 96.3%, 99.1% and 98.5% (99.3%), respectively. It is found that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of new vessels detection significantly over previous methods. The algorithm can be automated and is valuable to detect relatively severe cases of diabetic retinopathy among diabetes patients.
On inter-procedural analysis of programs with lists and data

We address the problem of automatic synthesis of assertions on sequential programs with singly-linked lists containing data over infinite domains such as integers or reals. Our approach is based on an accurate abstract inter-procedural analysis. Program configurations are represented by graphs where nodes represent list segments without sharing. The data in these list segments are characterized by constraints in abstract domains. We consider a domain where constraints are in a universally quantified fragment of the first-order logic over sequences, as well as a domain constraining the multisets of data in sequences. Our analysis computes the effect of each procedure in a local manner, by considering only the reachable part of the heap from its actual parameters. In order to avoid losses of information, we introduce a mechanism based on unfolding/folding operations allowing to strengthen the analysis in the domain of first-order formulas by the analysis in the multisets domain. The same mechanism is used for strengthening the sound (but incomplete) entailment operator of the domain of first-order formulas. We have implemented our techniques in a prototype tool and we have shown that our approach is powerful enough for automatic (1) generation of non-trivial procedure summaries, (2) pre/post-condition reasoning, and (3) procedure equivalence checking.
BeFaced: a casual game to crowdsource facial expressions in the wild

Creating good quality image databases for affective computing systems is key to most computer vision research, but is unfortunately costly and time-consuming. This paper describes BeFaced, a tile matching casual tablet game that enables massive crowdsourcing of facial expressions to advance facial expression analysis. BeFaced uses state-of-the-art facial expression tracking technology with dynamic difficulty adjustment to keep the player engaged and hence obtain a large and varied face dataset. CHI attendees will be able to experience a novel game interface that uses the iPad's front camera to track and capture facial expressions as the primary player input, and also investigate how the game design in general enables massive crowdsourcing in an extensible manner.
How secret-sharing can defeat terrorist fraud

Terrorist fraud is a relay attack against distance bounding protocols where the prover conspires with an adversary to misrepresent the distance between himself and the verifier. In ideal situations, the adversary does not gain any knowledge about the prover's long-term secret. This makes designing a distance bounding protocol resistant to a such fraud tricky: the secrets of an honest prover must be protected, while those of a dishonest one should be disclosed as an incentive not to cheat. In this paper, we demonstrate that using a secret-sharing scheme, possibly based on threshold cryptography, is well suited for thwarting terrorist fraud. Although such an idea has been around since the work of Bussard and Bagga, this is the first time that secret-sharing and terrorist fraud have been systematically studied altogether. We prove that secret sharing can counter terrorist fraud, and we detail a method that can be applied directly to most existing distance bounding protocols. We illustrate our method on the protocol of Hancke and Kuhn, yielding two variants: the threshold distance bounding (tdb) protocol and the thrifty threshold distance bounding (ttdb) protocol. We define the adversarial strategies that attempt to gain some knowledge on the prover's long-term secret, evaluate the amount of information disclosed, and determine the adversary's success probability.
Research on software quality evaluation for application of smart city

The smart city is developed to accessible wider range of interests in difference application. Our focus is quality evaluation on software application of smart city. The paper proposes an evaluation system for smart city, which focus on data, interface and corresponding applications. The specific quality model and related technology are proposed to various quality characters. The evaluator is not only to recognize the quality of application for smart city, but also to define the character to some extent. The quality evaluation has to support the typical software application and prove practicable by studying the specific cases.
Implementasi Program Bimbingan Persepsi Positive Body Image Terhadap Pengetahuan Gizi Remaja dan Status Gizi Remaja Putri

Gangguan pada persepsi citra tubuh pada remaja memiliki implikasi negatif bagi psikologis dan kesejahteraan fisik remaja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai pengaruh implementasi program bimbingan persepsi positive body image terhadap pengetahuan persepsi body image remaja puteri; menilai wawasan remaja puteri dalam membedakan persepsi positive dan persepsi negative body image setelah mengikuti program bimbingan persepsi positive body image ; dan menilai kemampuan remaja puteri dalam menentukan batas IMT yang ideal setelah mengikuti program bimbingan persepsi positive body image . Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Cross-sectional. Adapun variabel dalam penelitian atara lain; intake nutrisi menggunakan formulir Food Recall 24 jam, aktivitas menggunakan kuesioner, skalogram untuk mengukur persepsi remaja, dan status gizi remaja menggunakan penetuan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Pengabdian dilakukan pada remaja puteri di SMAN 5 dan SMAN 6 Depok. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square dari program SPSS versi 17. Pengabdian berupa implementasi program bimbingan persepsi positive body image potensial dilakukan untuk terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan persepsi body image remaja puteri. Pengabdian ini dapat meningkatnya wawasan remaja puteri untuk membedakan persepsi positive dan persepsi negative body image setelah mengikuti program bimbingan persepsi positive body image , serta meningkatkan kemampuan remaja puteri untuk menentukan batas IMT yang ideal setelah mengikuti program bimbingan persepsi positive body image .
An Efficient Space Time Block Code for LTE-A System

In this study, a new space time block code (STBC) is proposed for long term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) system that is equipped with three time slots and two antennas. The introduced STBC has the following characteristics: i) it achieves rate one and full diversity, ii) its maximum likelihood (ML) decoding requires a joint detection of three real symbols, iii) the minimum determinant value (MDV) does not vanish by increasing signal constellation size, and iv) bit error rate (BER) results show that the proposed STBC outperforms previously presented schemes for LTE-A at high SNRs.
Organisational climate, person–organisation fit and turn over intention: a generational perspective within a South African Higher Education Institution

ABSTRACT A ‘new’ workplace landscape in the higher education sector leads to employees questioning their fit within the current organisation. This paper presents the findings of an organisational climate study within a South African Higher Education Institution and highlights multi-generational perspectives. The theoretical contribution of this paper is a confirmation of the multi-level as well as the interactionistic nature of the macro (organisational climate), the meso (P–O fit) and micro (turnover intention) variables, as impacted on by the differences between the generational categories. Findings suggest that when thinking of leaving the employ of the university, Generation X considers the congruence between the demands of the job and compensation whereas Generation Y and Baby Boomers consider complementary fit and treatment by the direct manager as instrumental. The study is concluded with practical recommendations to reduce employees’ turnover intention to ensure a productive and effective workforce.
Ontology-driven knowledge management on the grid

The combination of large data set size, geographic distribution of resources and users, and sophisticated applications on data and information needs robust infrastructures. In this paper, knowledge management sphere (KMSphere) is proposed and developed to explore important aspects of service-oriented and ontology-driven knowledge management on the grid. The main idea of KMSphere is to integrate ontologies with a service-oriented grid, build a knowledge space on top of databases, and then organize, utilize, and manage the knowledge resources in that space.
Band gap frequencies of piezoelectric phononic crystals tuned by axial force

A theoretical model of piezoelectric phononic crystal with tuned band gaps has been proposed. The piezoelectric phononic crystal consists of a beam and periodic array of piezoelectric patches. Each pair of piezoelectric patches is connected in parallel by resonant shunting circuits independently. The effect of structure and material parameters on Bragg and locally resonant band gap has been investigated. The numerical results show Bragg band gap is tuned 34Hz by the axial force. Synchronization can be maintained spontaneously since it is not necessary to adjust parameter of every unit as the way that moving band gap by circuit parameter needs to change every shunting circuit synchronously. This property can enhance the applicability of phononic crystals.
Long-read viral metagenomics captures abundant and microdiverse viral populations and their niche-defining genomic islands

Marine viruses impact global biogeochemical cycles via their influence on host community structure and function, yet our understanding of viral ecology is constrained by limitations in host culturing and a lack of reference genomes and ‘universal’ gene markers to facilitate community surveys. Short-read viral metagenomic studies have provided clues to viral function and first estimates of global viral gene abundance and distribution, but their assemblies are confounded by populations with high levels of strain evenness and nucleotide diversity (microdiversity), limiting assembly of some of the most abundant viruses on Earth. Such features also challenge assembly across genomic islands containing niche-defining genes that drive ecological speciation. These populations and features may be successfully captured by single-virus genomics and fosmid-based approaches, at least in abundant taxa, but at considerable cost and technical expertise. Here we established a low-cost, low-input, high throughput alternative sequencing and informatics workflow to improve viral metagenomic assemblies using short-read and long-read technology. The ‘VirION’ (Viral, long-read metagenomics via MinION sequencing) approach was first validated using mock communities where it was found to be as relatively quantitative as short-read methods and provided significant improvements in recovery of viral genomes. We then then applied VirION to the first metagenome from a natural viral community from the Western English Channel. In comparison to a short-read only approach, VirION: (i) increased number and completeness of assembled viral genomes; (ii) captured abundant, highly microdiverse virus populations, and (iii) captured more and longer genomic islands. Together, these findings suggest that VirION provides a high throughput and cost-effective alternative to fosmid and single-virus genomic approaches to more comprehensively explore viral communities in nature.
Separation of random telegraph signals from 1/f noise in MOSFETs under constant and switched bias conditions

The low-frequency noise power spectrum of small dimension MOSFETs is dominated by Lorentzians arising from random telegraph signals (RTS). The low-frequency noise is observed to decrease when the devices are periodically switched 'off'. The technique of determining the statistical lifetimes and amplitudes of the RTS by fitting the signal level histogram of the time-domain record to two-Gaussian histograms has been reported in the literature. This procedure is then used for analysing the 'noisy' RTS along with the device background noise, which turned out to be 1/f noise. The 1/f noise of the device can then be separated from the RTS using this procedure. In this work, RTS observed in MOSFETs, under both constant and switched biased conditions, have been investigated in the time domain, Further, the 1/f noise in both the constant and the switched biased conditions is investigated.
On the design of an FPGA-based OFDM modulator for IEEE 802.16-2004

Current and future communication schemes tend to use OFDM systems in order to provide high baud rates and less inter symbol interference. Some examples are 802.11, 802.16, MC-CDMA, Digital Video Broadcasting, Wireless USB and Wireless Firewire. Trying to provide a solution to the new emerging devices, slow standard adoption and poor spectrum use, Joe Mitola introduced the concept of "Software Defined Radio" (SDR), which involves exhaustive configurable digital signal processing like FFT. This work presents the design, validation and FPGA based implementation of an "Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing" (OFDM) modulator for IEEE 802.16 using a high level design tool, and also reports the resources requirements for the presented system.