Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Kind System for Typed Machine Language

One of the aims of Foundational Proof-Carrying Code (FPCC) is to incorporate a completely semantic description of types into the Proof-Carrying Code framework. FPCC describes types as complex predicates, some of which require properties like contractiveness, representability, and extensionality to hold. We keep track of these properties by encoding them within kinds. In this paper, we give a syntactic kinding system with semantic proofs.
Inflammatory Response After Open Heart Surgery: Release of Heat-Shock Protein 70 and Signaling Through Toll-Like Receptor-4

Background—Coronary artery bypass grafting with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass is known to mediate an inflammatory response. The stress-inducible heat-shock protein (HSP) 70 has been detected in myocardial cells after CABG, and toll-like receptors (TLRs) are suggested as putative signaling receptors for the HSPs, mediating synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. The main aims of our study were to explore the release of HSP70 and the regulation of monocyte TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression after CABG. Methods and Results—Twenty patients referred for elective CABG were included in this study. Using immunoassays, we detected HSP70 in plasma after CABG, with peak concentration immediately after surgery. Interleukin-6 in plasma reached peak concentration 5 hours after surgery. Monocyte CD14, TLR-2, and TLR-4 expression, as analyzed by flow cytometry, was initially downregulated. On day 1, CD14 expression normalized, whereas TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression was upregulated. TLR-4 was significantly upregulated even on postoperative day 2. Additional experiments revealed that peritoneal macrophages from control (C3H/HeN) mice responded to HSP70 with release of tumor necrosis factor, whereas macrophages from mutated TLR-4 (C3H/HeJ) mice were unresponsive. In vitro, human adherent monocytes responded to recombinant HSP70 with interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor release. CD14 and TLR-4 monoclonal antibodies inhibited the cytokine response. Conclusions—In this study, we observed an immediate release of HSP70 into the circulation and a modulation of monocyte TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression after CABG. TLR-4 and CD14 appear to be involved in an HSP70-mediated activation of innate immunity.
Second-order differential based matching pursuit method for compressive sensing signal recovery

In this paper, we propose a novel sparsity adaptive greedy algorithm, called second-order differential based adaptive matching pursuit (SDAMP) method, for sparse signal reconstruction. By applying a novel sparsity sensing technique based on the second-order differential of correlation vector Φ y, SDAMP is capable to achieve real-time recovery without K as a prior condition. Further, SDAMP innovatively incorporates a backtracking framework to extend the algorithm to an adaptive greedy strategy. Experiments demonstrate that SDAMP runs considerably faster than other sparsity adaptive algorithms while maintaining superior performance to most of its predecessors.
A Sparse Image Recommendation Model Using Content and User Preference Information

With the incredibly growing amount of multimedia data uploaded and shared via the social media web sites, recommender systems have become an important necessity to ease users'burden on the information overload. In such a scenario, extensive amount of content information, such as tags, image content and user to item preferences are also available and extremely valuable for making effective recommendations. In this paper, we explore a novel topic model for image recommendation that jointly considers the problem of image content analysis with the users' preference on the basis of sparse representation. Our model is based on the classical probabilistic matrix factorization and can be easily extended to incorporate other useful information such as the social relationship. We evaluate our approach with a newly collected large scale social image data set from Flickr. The experimental results demonstrate that sparse topic modeling of the image content leads to more effective recommendations.
STRUCTURE OF THE MACULA UTRICULI WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DIRECTIONAL INTERPLAY OF SENSORY RESPONSES AS REVEALED BY MORPHOLOGICAL POLARIZATION

The anatomy of the labyrinth and the structure of the macula utriculi of the teleost fish (burbot) Lota vulgaris was studied by dissection, phase contrast, and electron microscopy. The innervating nerve fibers end at the bottom of the sensory cells where two types of nerve endings are found, granulated and non-granulated. The ultrastructure and organization of the sensory hair bundles are described, and the finding that the receptor cells are morphologically polarized by the presence of an asymmetrically located kinocilium in the sensory hair bundle is discussed in terms of directional sensitivity. The pattern of orientation of the hair cells in the macula utriculi was determined, revealing a complicated morphological polarization of the sensory epithelium. The findings suggest that the interplay of sensory responses is intimately related to the directional sensitivity of the receptor cells as revealed by their morphological polarization. The problem of efferent innervation is discussed, and it is concluded that the positional information signaled by the nerve fibers innervating the vestibular organs comprises an intricate pattern of interacting afferent and efferent impulses
A generalized MASH architecture in fractional-N synthesizer

Sigma-delta modulation is playing a more and more important role in fractional-N PLL synthesizer. MASH structure is prevailing in fractional-N PLLs because of its intrinsic stability. 2nd and 3rd order MASH modulators have been reported in fractional-N systems, but little about higher order sigma-delta modulators. In this article, a new optimized algorithm is developed; base on this general algorithm MASH modulator with arbitrary high order can be implemented with more flexibility and less hardware effort. This structure is very easy to be integrated into embedded systems, and also can be extended to be use in coding and oversample DAC/ADC systems. Both mathematic analysis and simulation are presented.
Flow velocity distributions in the left ventricular outflow tract and in the aortic annulus in patients with localized basal septal hypertrophy.

BACKGROUND The velocity distributions in the left ventricular outflow tract and in the aortic annulus in normal subjects and certain cardiac patients are skewed, with the highest velocity along the anterior wall and septum. An abnormal anatomical structure of the interventricular septum changes the shape of the left ventricular outflow tract, and may consequently change the pattern of velocity distribution. METHODS The cross-sectional velocity distributions in the left ventricular outflow tract and in the aortic annulus were constructed by using Doppler colour flow mapping in nine patients with localized basal septal hypertrophy, and in 10 normal subjects. The apical long axis view was used. RESULTS In the studied patients, the velocity distributions in the left ventricular outflow tract and in the aortic annulus were skewed in a different way from those in normal subjects. The relative location of the maximal velocity on the cross-sectional diameter of the flow channel changed from one level to another. At the point of maximal basal septal hypertrophy, the velocity distribution was most skewed with the highest velocity along the anterior wall (e.g. basal septum). Distal to this level, the highest velocities of the skewed velocity profiles were gradually located closer to the central part of the flow channel. According to the time-velocity integral profile at the level of the aortic annulus, the pattern of skewness (in terms of the difference of the average time-velocity integrals between the anterior and posterior halves of the diameter) was significantly different between the normal and patient groups (5.51 +/- 3.55 cm vs 0.03 +/- 2.07 cm; P < 0.01), while the extent of skewness (in terms of the ratio of the maximal to the cross-sectional mean time-velocity integrals) was close between two groups (1.36 +/- 0.28 vs 1.27 +/- 0.13; P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Localized basal septal hypertrophy significantly affects velocity distributions in the left ventricular outflow tract and in the aortic annulus.
Neural Measures of Dynamic Changes in Attentive Tracking Load

In everyday life, we often need to track several objects simultaneously, a task modeled in the laboratory using the multiple-object tracking (MOT) task [Pylyshyn, Z. , & Storm, R. W. Tracking multiple independent targets: Evidence for a parallel tracking mechanism. Spatial Vision, 3, 179–197, 1988]. Unlike MOT, however, in life, the set of relevant targets tends to be fluid and change over time. Humans are quite adept at “juggling” targets in and out of the target set [Wolfe, J. M. , Place, S. S. , & Horowitz, T. S. Multiple object juggling: Changing what is tracked during extended MOT. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 344–349, 2007]. Here, we measured the neural underpinnings of this process using electrophysiological methods. Vogel and colleagues [McCollough, A. W. , Machizawa, M. G. , & Vogel, E. K. Electrophysiological measures of maintaining representations in visual working memory. Cortex, 43, 77–94, 2007; Vogel, E. K. , McCollough, A. W. , & Machizawa, M. G. Neural measures reveal individual differences in controlling access to working memory. Nature, 438, 500–503, 2005; Vogel, E. K. , & Machizawa, M. G. Neural activity predicts individual differences in visual working memory capacity. Nature, 428, 748–751, 2004] have shown that the amplitude of a sustained lateralized negativity, contralateral delay activity (CDA) indexes the number of items held in visual working memory. Drew and Vogel [Drew, T. , & Vogel, E. K. Neural measures of individual differences in selecting and tracking multiple moving objects. Journal of Neuroscience, 28, 4183–4191, 2008] showed that the CDA also indexes the number of items being tracking a standard MOT task. In the current study, we set out to determine whether the CDA is a signal that merely represents the number of objects that are attended during a trial or a dynamic signal capable of reflecting on-line changes in tracking load during a single trial. By measuring the response to add or drop cues, we were able to observe dynamic changes in CDA amplitude. The CDA appears to rapidly represent the current number of objects being tracked. In addition, we were able to generate some initial estimates of the time course of this dynamic process.
How to Form a Task-Oriented Robust Team

How to form a team for achieving a given set of tasks is an important issue in multi-agent systems. Task-oriented team formation is the problem of selecting a group of agents, where each agent is characterized by a set of capabilities; the objective is to achieve a given set of tasks, where each task is made precise by a set of capabilities necessary for managing it. Robustness (i.e., the ability to reach the goal even if some agents break down) is an expected property of a team. In this paper, the focus is laid on the Task-Oriented Robust Team Formation (TORTF) problem. A formal framework is defined and some decision and optimization problems for TORTF are pointed out. The computational complexity of TORTF is then identified. Interestingly, TORTF does not prove more computationally demanding than the task-efficient team formation problem, i.e., robustness is in some sense "for free". In order to solve these TORTF problems, two algorithms, ART (Algorithm for Robust Team) for the decision problem and AORT (Algorithm for Optimal Robust Team) for bi-objective constraint optimization problems, are presented and evaluated on a number of benchmarks.
Impedance Control Reduces Instability That Arises from Motor Noise

There is ample evidence that humans are able to control the endpoint impedance of their arms in response to active destabilizing force fields. However, such fields are uncommon in daily life. Here, we examine whether the CNS selectively controls the endpoint impedance of the arm in the absence of active force fields but in the presence of instability arising from task geometry and signal-dependent noise (SDN) in the neuromuscular system. Subjects were required to generate forces, in two orthogonal directions, onto four differently curved rigid objects simulated by a robotic manipulandum. The endpoint stiffness of the limb was estimated for each object curvature. With increasing curvature, the endpoint stiffness increased mainly parallel to the object surface and to a lesser extent in the orthogonal direction. Therefore, the orientation of the stiffness ellipses did not orient to the direction of instability. Simulations showed that the observed stiffness geometries and their pattern of change with instability are the result of a tradeoff between maximizing the mechanical stability and minimizing the destabilizing effects of SDN. Therefore, it would have been suboptimal to align the stiffness ellipse in the direction of instability. The time course of the changes in stiffness geometry suggests that modulation takes place both within and across trials. Our results show that an increase in stiffness relative to the increase in noise can be sufficient to reduce kinematic variability, thereby allowing stiffness control to improve stability in natural tasks.
IIIT-H at SemEval 2015: Twitter Sentiment Analysis – The Good, the Bad and the Neutral!

This paper describes the system that was submitted to SemEval2015 Task 10: Sentiment Analysis in Twitter. We participated in Subtask B: Message Polarity Classification. The task is a message level classification of tweets into positive, negative and neutral sentiments. Our model is primarily a supervised one which consists of well designed features fed into an SVM classifier. In previous runs of this task, it was found that lexicons played an important role in determining the sentiment of a tweet. We use existing lexicons to extract lexicon specific features. The lexicon based features are further augmented by tweet specific features. We also improve our system by using acronym and emoticon dictionaries. The proposed system achieves an F1 score of 59:83 and 67:04 on the Test Data and Progress Data respectively. This placed us at the 18 th position for the Test Dataset and the 16 th position for the Progress Test Dataset.
Benjamin Stern

The protein B52 is an essential component of the spliceosome in Drosophila M. and is responsible for processing precursor-mRNA. B52 belongs to a family of proteins named SR proteins which are critical in initiation and commitment of RNA splicing. Analogous to human SRp55, B52 has been shown to be responsible for alternative and constitutive splicing during a multitude of cellular and developmental events. RNA aptamers selected during an in vitro selection and amplification process (SELEX) for B52 were found to have a co-variation in the stem of these aptamers. Using biochemical and structural techniques, I will explore the RNA-protein interaction and discuss possible uses for future cancer treatments.
Tumor-secreted vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor influences photosensitizer uptake.

The role of vascular permeability in the preferential accumulation of photosensitizers in tumor tissue was investigated. Two murine tumors [experimental mammary tumor carcinoma (EMT-6) and methylcholanthrene-induced rhabdomyosarcoma (M1S)] and a human bladder carcinoma (EJ) were grown s.c. on the flank in athymic nude mice and analyzed for in vivo vessel permeability, vascular permeability factor (VPF) secretion, and accumulation of the photosensitizer, chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine. In vivo tumor vessel permeability and vascular volume were quantitated by measuring Evans blue extravasation and accumulation of a high molecular weight fluoresceinated dextran, respectively. VPF was isolated from serum-free tumor cell conditioned medium using heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Dot and Western blots stained with anti-VPF antiserum positively identified VPF in samples from each tumor. Chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine pharmacokinetics in tumor-bearing mice were measured using a fiber-based spectrofluorometer. In vivo vessel permeability was found to be greatest in M1S tumors, next in EMT-6 tumors and finally in EJ tumors. Consistent with in vivo data, M1S and EMT-6 tumor cells in culture secrete significantly more VPF than EJ tumor cells. Chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine accumulation was approximately 2 times greater in M1S and EMT-6 tumors compared to EJ tumors. Our data present evidence that photosensitizer accumulation can be correlated to in vivo tumor vessel permeability and VPF secretion of that tumor. Taken together, the data support the hypothesis that vascular permeability differences among tumors play a significant role in the uptake and retention of photodynamic agents.
Dynamic analysis of filopodial interactions during the zippering phase of Drosophila dorsal closure

Dorsal closure is a paradigm epithelial fusion episode that occurs late in Drosophila embryogenesis and leads to sealing of a midline hole by bonding of two opposing epithelial sheets. The leading edge epithelial cells express filopodia and fusion is dependent on interdigitation of these filopodia to prime formation of adhesions. Since the opposing epithelia are molecularly patterned there must exist some mechanism for accurately aligning the two sheets across this fusion seam. To address this, we generated a fly in which RFP-Moesin and GFP-Moesin are expressed in mutually exclusive stripes within each segment using the engrailed and patched promoters. We observe mutually exclusive interactions between the filopodia of engrailed and patched cells. Interactions between filopodia from matching cells leads to formation of tethers between them, and these tethers can pull misaligned epithelial sheets into alignment. Filopodial matching also occurs during repair of laser wounds in the ventral epithelium, and so this behaviour is not restricted to leading edge cells during dorsal closure. Finally, we characterise the behaviour of a patched-expressing cell that we observe within the engrailed region of segments A1-A5, and provide evidence that this cell contributes to cell matching.
Integral concentration of idempotent trigonometric polynomials with gaps

We prove that for all $p>1/2$ there exists a constant $\gamma_p>0$ such that, for any symmetric measurable set of positive measure $E\subset {\Bbb T}$ and for any $\gamma \gamma \int_{\Bbb T} |f|^p$. This disproves a conjecture of Anderson, Ash, Jones, Rider and Saffari, who proved the existence of $\gamma_p 1$ and conjectured that it does not exists for $p=1$. Furthermore, we prove that one can take $\gamma_p=1$ when $p>1$ is not an even integer, and that polynomials $f$ can be chosen with arbitrarily large gaps when $p\neq 2$. This shows striking differences with the case $p=2$, for which the best constant is strictly smaller than $1/2$, as it has been known for twenty years, and for which having arbitrarily large gaps with such concentration of the integral is not possible, according to a classical theorem of Wiener. We find sharper results for $0<p\leq 1$ when we restrict to open sets, or when we enlarge the class of idempotent trigonometric polynomials to all positive definite ones.
Reduced secretion of fibulin 5 in age‐related macular degeneration and cutis laxa

Age‐related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the leading cause of irreversible visual loss in the Western world, affecting approximately 25 million people worldwide. The pathogenesis is complex and missense mutations in FBLN5 have been reported in association with ARMD. We have investigated the role of fibulin 5 in ARMD by completing the first European study of the gene FBLN5 in ARMD (using 2 European cohorts of 805 ARMD patients and 279 controls) and by determining the functional effects of the missense mutations on fibulin 5 expression. We also correlated the FBLN5 genotype with the ARMD phenotype. We found two novel sequence changes in ARMD patients that were absent in controls and expressed these and the other nine reported FBLN5 mutations associated with ARMD and two associated with the autosomal recessive disease cutis laxa. Fibulin 5 secretion was significantly reduced (P<0.001) for four ARMD (p.G412E, p.G267S, p.I169 T, and p.Q124P) and two cutis laxa (p.S227P, p.C217R) mutations. These results suggest that some missense mutations associated with ARMD lead to decreased fibulin 5 secretion with a possible corresponding reduction in elastinogenesis. This study confirms the previous work identifying an association between FBLN5 mutations and ARMD and for the first time suggests a functional mechanism by which these mutations can lead to ARMD. It further demonstrates that FBLN5 mutations can be associated with different phenotypes of ARMD (not limited to the previously described cuticular drusen type). Such knowledge may ultimately lead to the development of novel therapies for this common disease. Hum Mutat 27(6), 568–574, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anomaly Detection with Smartwatches as an Opportunity for Implicit Interaction

In this paper we introduce application scenarios for implicit interaction with Smartwatches for the purpose of user assistance, to create awareness, and to enhance as well as simplify the interaction with Wearables. We envision three scenarios (1) the detection of sleep apnea, (2) the detection of epileptic seizures, and (3) a detection of accidents such as falling, car crashes etc., which are presented and discussed. Therefore, the recognition of all incidents described will be discussed under the meta-topic of anomaly detection.
Infantile Convulsions with Paroxysmal Dyskinesia (ICCA Syndrome) and Copy Number Variation at Human Chromosome 16p11

Background Benign infantile convulsions and paroxysmal dyskinesia are episodic cerebral disorders that can share common genetic bases. They can be co-inherited as one single autosomal dominant trait (ICCA syndrome); the disease ICCA gene maps at chromosome 16p12-q12. Despite intensive and conventional mutation screening, the ICCA gene remains unknown to date. The critical area displays highly complicated genomic architecture and is the site of deletions and duplications associated with various diseases. The possibility that the ICCA syndrome is related to the existence of large-scale genomic alterations was addressed in the present study. Methodology/Principal Findings A combination of whole genome and dedicated oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization coupled with quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used. Low copy number of a region corresponding to a genomic variant (Variation_7105) located at 16p11 nearby the centromere was detected with statistical significance at much higher frequency in patients from ICCA families than in ethnically matched controls. The genomic variant showed no apparent difference in size and copy number between patients and controls, making it very unlikely that the genomic alteration detected here is ICCA-specific. Furthermore, no other genomic alteration that would directly cause the ICCA syndrome in those nine families was detected in the ICCA critical area. Conclusions/Significance Our data excluded that inherited genomic deletion or duplication events directly cause the ICCA syndrome; rather, they help narrowing down the critical ICCA region dramatically and indicate that the disease ICCA genetic defect lies very close to or within Variation_7105 and hence should now be searched in the corresponding genomic area and its surrounding regions.