Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Within-target illusory correlations and the formation of context-dependent attitudes.

Two experiments explored the formation of context-dependent attitudes about a single social target. One such mechanism for the development of differential attitudes toward a target in different contexts is illusory correlation formation. It was proposed that within-target illusory correlations (i.e., perceiving unwarranted associations between salient target behaviors and distinctive domains in which the target is observed) can result in biased evaluations of a social target in different domains (e.g., home vs. work). When memory-based (vs. on-line) judgments were induced, perceivers formed context-dependent attitudes for both group (Experiment 1) and individual (Experiment 2) targets. These findings are consistent with theories regarding multiply categorizable attitude objects. Further, they suggest that some apparent discrepancies between attitudes and behavior may reflect holding multiple context-dependent attitudes about social targets.
A Survey of Dementia Carers: Doctors' Communications, Problem Behaviours and Institutional Care

A survey of carers belonging to the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Society (ADARDS) had three aims: (i) to investigate the process of health professionals providing information to patients and carers: (ii) to determine the nature of problems burdening carers; and (iii) to examine factors associated with institutional placement. Carers reported on deficiencies in the provision of information and indicated their preferences as to how the information should be given. ADARDS, general practitioners and other health professionals were reportedly helpful, with each appearing to have a role in providing information about dementia. Multiple problem behaviours were reported by most carers, especially difficulties with communication, the need for constant supervision and disruption to personal life. Institutional care was most highly correlated with dependency problems, severity of dementia and a non-spouse carer. Implications include the need for training of doctors in communication and education about dementia with particular attention to management of dependency problems.
Opportunistic routing for wireless ad hoc and sensor networks: Present and future directions

Opportunistic routing has recently attracted much attention as it is considered a promising direction for improving the performance of wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. With opportunistic routing, intermediate nodes collaborate on packet forwarding in a localized and consistent manner. Opportunistic routing greatly increases transmission reliability and network throughput by taking advantage of the broadcast nature of the wireless medium. In this article we first illustrate the basic idea behind opportunistic routing, and then categorize current research work based on different criteria. We illustrate how different protocols work, and discuss their merits and drawbacks. Finally, we point out potential issues and future directions in opportunistic routing for wireless ad hoc and sensor networks.
TCF7L2 Regulates Late Events in Insulin Secretion From Pancreatic Islet β-Cells

OBJECTIVE Polymorphisms in the human TCF7L2 gene are associated with reduced insulin secretion and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms by which TCF7L2 affect insulin secretion are still unclear. We define the effects of TCF7L2 expression level on mature β-cell function and suggest a potential mechanism for its actions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS TCF7L2 expression in rodent islets and β-cell lines was altered using RNAi or adenoviral transduction. β-Cell gene profiles were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and the effects on intracellular signaling and exocytosis by live cell imaging, electron microscopy, and patch clamp electrophysiology. RESULTS Reducing TCF7L2 expression levels by RNAi decreased glucose- but not KCl-induced insulin secretion. The glucose-induced increments in both ATP/ADP ratio and cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were increased compared with controls. Overexpression of TCF7L2 exerted minor inhibitory effects on glucose-regulated changes in [Ca2+]i and insulin release. Gene expression profiling in TCF7L2-silenced cells revealed increased levels of mRNA encoding syntaxin 1A but decreased Munc18–1 and ZnT8 mRNA. Whereas the number of morphologically docked vesicles was unchanged by TCF7L2 suppression, secretory granule movement increased and capacitance changes decreased, indicative of defective vesicle fusion. CONCLUSION—TCF7L2 is involved in maintaining expression of β-cell genes regulating secretory granule fusion. Defective insulin exocytosis may thus underlie increased diabetes incidence in carriers of the at-risk TCF7L2 alleles.
Distributed solution for a Maximum Variance Unfolding Problem with sensor and robotic network applications

We focus on a particular non-convex networked optimization problem, known as the Maximum Variance Unfolding problem and its dual, the Fastest Mixing Markov Process problem. These problems are of relevance for sensor networks and robotic applications. We propose to solve both these problems with the same distributed primal-dual subgradient iterations whose convergence is proven even in the case of approximation errors in the calculation of the subgradients. Furthermore, we illustrate the use of the algorithm for sensor network applications, such as localization problems, and for mobile robotic networks applications, such as dispersion problems.
Engineering III-V nanowires for optoelectronics: from epitaxy to terahertz photonics

Nanowires show unique promise as nanoscale building blocks for a multitude of optoelectronic devices, ranging from solar cells to terahertz photonic devices. We will discuss the epitaxial growth of these nanowires in novel geometries and crystallographic phases, and the use of terahertz conductivity spectroscopy to guide the development of nanowire-based devices. As an example, we will focus on the development of nanowire-based polarization modulators for terahertz communications systems.
Embedding Web-Based Statistical Translation Models in Cross-Language Information Retrieval

Although more and more language pairs are covered by machine translation (MT) services, there are still many pairs that lack translation resources. Cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) is an application that needs translation functionality of a relatively low level of sophistication, since current models for information retrieval (IR) are still based on a bag of words. The Web provides a vast resource for the automatic construction of parallel corpora that can be used to train statistical translation models automatically. The resulting translation models can be embedded in several ways in a retrieval model. In this article, we will investigate the problem of automatically mining parallel texts from the Web and different ways of integrating the translation models within the retrieval process. Our experiments on standard test collections for CLIR show that the Web-based translation models can surpass commercial MT systems in CLIR tasks. These results open the perspective of constructing a fully automatic query translation device for CLIR at a very low cost.
Gabor atomic decomposition of Green's functions for geoacoustic inversion and segmentation of a shallow water environment

This paper introduces a method that identifies acoustic transmission data with feature vectors for the segmentation of range-dependent shallow water areas. The measurement geometry consists of sonobuoy-like receivers drifting away from a fixed sound source. The data consist of the medium impulse response measured repeatedly along each buoy track (frequency-dependent Green's function). The feature vector entries are parameters obtained from a sparse, tree-based, matching pursuit decomposition of each response into Gabor atoms. The mutual distance of neighbor feature vectors is used to detect and localise main variations of the bottom geoacoustic properties and eventually isolate subareas of moderate variability. The method is tested with data from experiments of rapid environmental assessment (REA) ENVERSE 97-98.
Evaluating the impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) on highly active antiretroviral therapy-mediated immune responses in HCV/HIV-coinfected women: role of HCV on expression of primed/memory T cells.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the immune system before receipt of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and on immune recovery after receipt of HAART among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV-coinfected women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. METHODS The study included 294 HIV-infected women who initiated HAART and attended 2 follow-up visits. The women were grouped on the basis of positive HCV antibody and HCV RNA tests. There were 148 women who were HCV antibody negative, 34 who were HCV antibody positive but RNA negative, and 112 who were HCV antibody and RNA positive. Immune recovery was measured by flow-cytometric assessment for markers of activation and maturation on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Data analysis used repeated measures of variance.Results. HIV/HCV coinfection is associated with an increased number of CD4+ and CD8+ primed/memory T cells. HIV/HCV coinfection, however, did not affect any further decreases in CD4+ or CD4+ and CD8+ naive/memory T cell counts or enhanced T cell activation. HIV/HCV coinfection also did not affect HAART responses in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell compartment. CONCLUSIONS HCV does not affect immune responses to HAART in HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals but is associated with an expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cell subsets. Functional impairment in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell compartments still needs to be assessed in coinfected patients.
Is climate change moving the goalposts for fisheries management

Current evidence indicates that, compared with loss of biodiversity in freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems, the rate of loss in marine systems is relatively slow (N.K. Dulvy – Recent marine extinctions, this meeting). This is not a cause for complacency, and the rate of loss is probably underestimated, but it challenges us to explain why protection of marine biodiversity is an urgent concern, when assigning priorities for research and management. Global food security provides a strong justification. It requires sustainable marine fisheries, but, in addition to being threatened by overfishing, climate and other aspects of global change (acidification due to CO2, rapid increase in some nutrients), fish stocks are becoming less resilient due to loss of biodiversity at infra-specific as well as at species and ecosystem level. A second justification is that we know too little about biodiversity changes in marine ecosystems to make well-informed decisions (notwithstanding the Continuous Plankton Recorder, www.sahfos.org , which provides among the longest and most geographically and taxonomically extensive time series and sample archives for any ecosystem on the planet). The protection of charismatic marine mammals is of course a third justification, which has had huge popular and political support for many years.
Sparsity Equivalence of Anisotropic Decompositions

Anisotropic decompositions using representation systems such as curvelets, contourlet, or shearlets have recently attracted significantly increased attention due to the fact that they were shown to provide optimally sparse approximations of functions exhibiting singularities on lower dimensional embedded manifolds. The literature now contains various direct proofs of this fact and of related sparse approximation results. However, it seems quite cumbersome to prove such a canon of results for each system separately, while many of the systems exhibit certain similarities. In this paper, with the introduction of the concept of sparsity equivalence, we aim to provide a framework which allows categorization of the ability for sparse approximations of representation systems. This framework, in particular, enables transferring results on sparse approximations from one system to another. We demonstrate this concept for the example of curvelets and shearlets, and discuss how this viewpoint immediately leads to novel results for both systems.
The Heterogeneity Model and its Special Cases. An Illustrative Comparison.

In this paper we carry out fully Bayesian analysis of the general heterogeneity model, which is a mixture of random effects model, and its special cases, the random coefficient model and the latent class model. Our application comes from Conjoint analysis and we are especially interested in what is gained by the general heterogeneity model in comparison to the other two when modeling consumers' heterogeneous preferences. (author's abstract)
Transformation-Based Monetary CostOptimizations for Workflows in the Cloud

Recently, performance and monetary cost optimizations for workflows from various applications in the cloud have become a hot research topic. However, we find that most existing studies adopt ad hoc optimization strategies, which fail to capture the key optimization opportunities for different workloads and cloud offerings (e.g., virtual machines with different prices). This paper proposes ToF, a general transformation-based optimization framework for workflows in the cloud. Specifically, ToF formulates six basic workflow transformation operations. An arbitrary performance and cost optimization process can be represented as a transformation plan (i.e., a sequence of basic transformation operations). All transformations form a huge optimization space. We further develop a cost model guided planner to efficiently find the optimized transformation for a predefined goal (e.g., minimizing the monetary cost with a given performance requirement). We develop ToF on real cloud environments including Amazon EC2 and Rackspace. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of ToF in optimizing the performance and cost in comparison with other existing approaches.
Predicting Response to Chemotherapy With Early-Stage Lung Cancer

A recent meta-analysis of 11,107 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who had undergone surgical resection showed that the 5-year survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy was 4%, and that of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was 5%. Two trials have shown a trend toward improved survival with adjuvant paclitaxel plus carboplatin. However, the benefit of adjuvant treatment remains suboptimal. We must distinguish between patients who will not relapse-and who can thus be spared adjuvant treatment-and those who will-for whom adjuvant treatment must be personalized. Several gene expression signatures, generally containing nonoverlapping genes, provide similar predictive information on clinical outcome, and a model combining several signatures did not perform better than did each of the signatures separately. The invasiveness gene signature, containing 186 genes, includes genes involved in the nuclear factor &kgr;B pathway, the RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and epigenetic control of gene expression. A 15-gene signature has identified JBR.10 patients who are more sensitive to adjuvant chemotherapy.
Can spatial property rights fix fisheries ?

When can spatial property rights solve the ubiquitous tragedy of the commons? We explore game theoretic outcomes under decentralized spatial property rights with spatial externalities. Efficiency depends critically on spatial connectivity; the outcome may be equivalent to Open Access, Sole Ownership, or points in between. Profit sharing enhances efficiency, but may not be subgame perfect. A renewable resource version of the Folk Theorem reveals a counterintuitive result: Increasing the discount factor can encourage patient, above average owners to defect. The most efficient cooperative arrangement balances participation with efficient resource use among those who cooperate; full cooperation is typically not desired.
Prevalence, Awareness and Reporting of Symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea among Hospitalized Adult Patients in Nigeria: A Multicenter Study

Background Obstructive sleep apnoea is the most common form of sleep-disordered breathing in adults and children. It is associated with many adverse health consequences. The objectives this study were to determine the prevalence, awareness and reporting of symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea among hospitalized adult patients in Nigeria. Methods This was a multicenter cross-sectional study involving 1420 adult patients admitted to general medical and surgical wards of selected hospitals from March to April 2013. A questionnaire embedded with Berlin questionnaire, Epworth sleepiness scale and questions on level of awareness and reporting of symptoms of sleep apnoea was used for data collection. Results One-third of the patients (33.4%) reported snoring, 16.3% had excessive daytime sleepiness, 10.0% experienced daytime fatigue, and 8.0% experienced drowsy driving. Approximately 5% reported witnessed apnoea and 18.0% had high risks for obstructive sleep apnoea. The frequency of high risk for sleep apnoea increased with age and declined after 65 years and also increased with the body mass index. Snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness and high risk for obstructive sleep apnoea were more common in patients with chronic medical conditions and who were admitted to the urban hospitals. The majority were not aware that snoring (77.3%) and excessive daytime sleepiness (65.8%) constitute a medical problem, and only 4.5% reported these symptoms to their doctors. Conclusion The level of awareness and under-reporting of sleep apnoea symptoms are poor. The high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea symptoms from this study should form the basis for screening hospitalized patients with chronic medical condition across the country.
Comparative Examination of Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus L.) Behaviour Responses and Semen Quality to Two Methods of Semen Collection

Artificial insemination (AI) is very helpful in solving the reproductive and biodiversity problems observed in small, closed avian populations. The successful production of fertilized eggs using AI is dependent on the collection of good quality semen. Two methods of male sexual stimulation and semen collection from captive kept capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus L.), one of the most seriously endangered grouse species in Europe, are compared in this study. Ejaculates were obtained either with the use of a dummy female or by the dorso-abdominal massage method. Differences in the individual responses of the males to the two methods of semen collection as well as in their semen quality were noted. Only sperm concentration (432.4 x 106 mL-1 with dummy female and 614.5 x 106 mL-1 for massage method) was significantly affected by capercaillie stimulation method. Sperm motility and morphology were not affected (P≥0.05). Thus, for semen collection from captive kept capercaillie both methods can be used successfully. The dummy female can be an alternative to dorso-abdominal massage method, commonly used for semen collection from domesticated bird species.
Central Limit Theorems for Additive Tree Parameters with Small Toll Functions

We call a tree parameter additive if it can be determined recursively as the sum of the parameter values of all branches, plus a certain toll function. In this paper, we prove central limit theorems for very general toll functions, provided that they are bounded and small on average. Simply generated families of trees are considered as well as Pólya trees, recursive trees and binary search trees, and the results are illustrated by several examples of parameters for which we prove normal or log-normal limit laws.
Joint Base-Station Association, Channel Assignment, Beamforming and Power Control in Heterogeneous Networks

Heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets), where low-power base-stations are overlaid with conventional macro base-stations, is a promising technique to improve coverage and capacity of the macro-only networks. To realize the potential benefits of HetNets, it is crucial to jointly optimize the user association, channel assignment, beamforming and power control to ensure that the inter- and intra-cell interference will not overwhelm the cell-splitting gains. This paper presents an iterative algorithm to solve the joint optimization problem with an objective of maximizing the network sum rate and simultaneously guaranteeing the individual user quality-of-service. The proposed algorithm is built on the so-called convex-concave procedure, and the feasibility issue is handled by L1-norm heuristic. Numerical results demonstrate the large gains over currently used methods for cellular networks.
LOCATION ALLOCATION PROBLEM USING GENETIC ALGORITHM AND SIMULATED ANNEALING : A CASE STUDY BASED ON SCHOOL IN ENSCHEDE

DISCLAIMER This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente. All views and opinions expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the Faculty. i ABSTRACT Location allocation is a combinatorial optimization problem. Traditional exact method cannot solve location allocation problem efficiently. This problem does not limit itself in a small spectrum rather it has been grown with lots of branches for around a century. Capacity, cost, different type facilities, demands, time, different type of distances and mixing with diverse real world problems have made location allocation problem much complex. Metaheuristic solutions like genetic algorithm and simulated annealing have been exploited for long time to solve location allocation problem. In several researches of location allocation problem, these two algorithms have been bought into one umbrella and have been proved efficient. But location allocation problem with integrated GIS, genetic algorithm and simulated annealing was not much explored. This research has explored location allocation problem by both genetic algorithm and simulated annealing with GIS integration. To achieve this, two case studies based on Enschede schools have been performed. Location allocation problem usually considers nearest distance. Through these case studies, location allocation problem also considers nearest distance with various criteria like capacity, user preference, existing facility etc. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank both of my supervisors for their support and guidance all through this work. I would like to thank my parents and family for their blessings. I would like to thank almighty Allah.
Compositions of n with parts in a set, Thirty-Fifth Southeastern International Conference on Combina

Let A be any set of positive integers and n ∈ N. A composition of n with parts in A is an ordered collection of one or more elements in A whose sum is n. A palindromic composition of n with parts in A is a composition of n with parts in A in which the summands are the same in the given or in reverse order. A Carlitz (palindromic) composition of n with parts in A is a (palindromic) composition of n with parts in A in which no adjacent parts are the same. In this paper, we study the generating functions for several counting problems for compositions, palindromic compositions, Carlitz compositions, and Carlitz palindromic compositions with parts in A, respectively. Our theorems contain many previously known results as special cases, as well as many new results. We also prove some of our results using direct counting arguments. AMS Classification Number: 05A05, 05A15