Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pleistocene speciation with and without gene flow in Euphaea damselflies of subtropical and tropical East Asian islands

Climatic oscillations during the Pleistocene period could have had a profound impact on the origin of tropical species by the alternation of allopatric isolation and interpopulation gene flow cycles. However, whether tropical speciation involves strictly allopatric isolation, or proceeds in the face of homogenizing gene flow, is relatively unclear. Here, we investigated geographical modes of speciation in four closely related Euphaea damselfly species endemic to the subtropical and tropical East Asian islands using coalescent analyses of a multilocus data set. The reconstructed phylogenies demonstrated distinct species status for each of the four species and the existence of two sister species pairs, Euphaea formosa/E. yayeyamana and E. decorata/E. ornata. The species divergence time of the sibling Euphaea damselflies dates back to within the last one Mya of the Middle to Lower Pleistocene. The speciation between the populous E. formosa of Taiwan and the less numerous E. yayeyamana of the Yaeyama islands occurred despite significant bidirectional, asymmetric gene flow, which is strongly inconsistent with a strictly allopatric model. In contrast, speciation of the approximately equal‐sized populations of E. decorata of the southeast Asian mainland and E. ornata of Hainan is inferred to have involved allopatric divergence without gene flow. Our findings suggest that differential selection of natural or sexual environments is a prominent driver of species divergence in subtropical E. formosa and E. yayeyamana; whereas for tropical E. decorata and E. ornata at lower latitudes, allopatric isolation may well be a pivotal promoter of species formation.
Multi Objective Higher Order Mutation Testing with Genetic Programming

In academic empirical studies, mutation testing has been demonstrated to be a powerful technique for fault finding.However, it remains very expensive and the few valuable traditional mutants that resemble real faults are mixed in with many others that denote unrealistic faults.These twin problems of expense and realism have been a significant barrier to industrial uptake of mutation testing.Genetic programming is used to search the space of complex faults (higher order mutants). The space is much larger than the traditional first order mutation space of simple faults.However, the use of a search based approach makes this scalable, seeking only those mutants that challenge the tester,while the consideration of complex faults addresses the problem of fault realism; it is known that 90% of real faults are complex (i.e. higher order). We show that we are able to find examples that pose challenges totesting in the higher order space that cannot be represented in thefirst order space.
FLRT2 promotes cellular proliferation and inhibits cell adhesion during chondrogenesis

One of the earliest events during chondrogenesis is the formation of condensations, a necessary pre‐requisite for subsequent differentiation of a chondrogenic phenotype. Members of the Fibronectin Lecucine Rich Transmembrane (FLRT) proteins have been shown to be involved in cell sorting and neurite outgrowth. Additionally, FLRT2 is highly expressed at putative sites of chondrogenic differentiation during craniofacial development. In this study, we demonstrate that FLRT2 plays a role in mediating cell proliferation and cell–cell interactions during early chondrogenesis. Clones of stable transfectants of a murine chondroprogenitor cell line, ATDC5, were established in which FLRT2 was knocked down or overexpressed. Cells in which FLRT2 was knocked down proliferated at a slower rate compared to control wild‐type ATDC5 cells or those containing a non‐coding shRNA. In addition, FLRT2 knockdown cells formed numerous lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA) stained aggregates and exhibited higher expression of the cell adhesion molecule, N‐cadherin. In an in vitro wound healing assay, fewer FLRT2 knockdown cells appeared to migrate into the defect. Surprisingly, the FLRT2 knockdown cells demonstrated increased formation of Alcian blue‐stainable extracellular matrix, suggesting that their reduced aggregate formation did not inhibit subsequent chondrogenic differentiation. The opposite trends were observed in ATDC5 clones that overexpressed FLRT2. Specifically, FLRT overexpressing cells proliferated faster, formed fewer PNA‐positive aggregates, accumulated increased Alcian blue‐positive matrix, and migrated faster to close a wound. Collectively, our findings provide evidence for a role of FLRT2 in enhancing cell proliferation and reducing intercellular adhesion during the early stages of chondrogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 3440–3448, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reconstruction of the 3D Object Model: A review

The three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction model of a real object is useful in many applications ranging from medical imaging, product design, parts inspection, reverse engineering to rapid prototyping. In the medical field, imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single positron emission tomography (SPECT) are applied to create 3D images from emanation measurements for disease diagnoses and organ study. On the other hand, reconstruction is widely utilized to redesign manufacturing parts in order to save production cost and time. A typical reconstruction application consists of three major steps, which are data acquisition, registration and integration as well as surface fitting. Based on the nature of data captured, the 3D reconstruction model can be categorized into two groups: methods working on (i) two-dimensional (2D) images and (ii) sets of 3D points. This paper reviews different methods of 3D object model reconstruction and techniques subjected to each method.
Four beliefs that may impede progress in the treatment of smoking

The validity of four often-cited statements about smoking cessation is reviewed and their misinterpretation is discussed. “Most smokers are interested in quitting” is true; however, more important is the fact that smokers try to quit only once every 3.5 years. Thus motivating attempts to quit and removing barriers to treatment are important. “Most smokers quit on their own” is often interpreted to mean that smokers are not nicotine dependent; however, most dependent alcoholics and drug abusers who quit, do so on their own. This statement is also often interpreted to mean that most smokers do not need therapy, but the same was said about clinical depression in the early 1900s. “Quit rates with treatment are low”; however, most successful interventions for chronic disorders are the result of a series of treatments, not just one treatment. “Medication is effective only when accompanied by psychosocial therapy” is a tenet of treatment for traditional drug abuse; however, medications such as over-the-counter nicotine replacement therapies double quit rates even in the absence of psychosocial therapy.
A first or dominant immunization. II. Induced immunoglobulin carries transforming growth factor beta and suppresses cytolytic T cell responses to unrelated alloantigens

Fresh sera from mice immunized by bearing an immunogenic tumor or by repeated injections of allogeneic spleen cells or xenogeneic erythrocytes powerfully suppress cytolytic T cell responses in one-way mixed lymphocyte cultures. Suppression is not antigen specific, though is mediated by immunoglobulin (Ig)G specific for the immunizing antigen. Suppression caused by IgG mimics that caused by active transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). IgG associates with or carries latent TGF-beta; however, suppression caused by the complex of IgG-TGF-beta requires macrophages (M phi), whereas active TGF-beta alone does not. Also, IgG dissociated from TGF-beta does not cause suppression, suggesting that M phi may take up Ig-TGF-beta, process the complex, and deliver active TGF-beta to lymphocytes. Indeed, suppression by immune serum was prevented by antibody to Fc receptors, by saturating Fc receptors with heterologous IgGs, and by antibodies against TGF-beta. The overall findings reveal a previously unrecognized regulatory circuit whereby IgG produced in response to one antigen nonspecifically downregulates cytolytic T lymphocyte responses to unrelated antigens. The findings introduce the intriguing possibility that TGF-beta delivered by IgG and processed by M phi may mediate important biological effects in processes such as wound healing, tumor growth, and some autoimmune diseases.
Leukotriene B4 Receptor Antagonism Reduces Monocytic Foam Cells in Mice

Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent chemotactic agent that activates monocytes through the LTB4 receptor (BLTR). We tested the hypothesis that LTB4 receptor blockade would slow atherosclerotic progression by inhibiting monocyte recruitment. Homozygous low-density receptor knockout (LDLr−/−) mice and apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE−/−) mice were treated with a specific LTB4 receptor antagonist, CP-105,696, for 35 days. In apoE−/−mice, treatment with the LTB4 antagonist did not affect plasma lipid concentrations but significantly reduced CD11b levels both in vascular lesions and whole blood. Compared with age-matched controls, lipid accumulation and monocyte infiltration were significantly reduced in treated apoE−/− mice at all time points tested. Lesion area reduction was also demonstrated in LDLr−/− mice maintained on a high-fat diet. LTB4 antagonism had no significant effect on lesion size in mice possessing the null alleles for another chemotactic agent, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1−/−×apoE−/−), suggesting MCP-1 and LTB4 may either interact or exert their effects by a common mechanism. These results demonstrate that in a preclinical model of atherosclerosis LTB4 receptor blockade reduces lesion progression and further suggest a previously unrecognized role for LTB4 or other oxidized lipids recognized by the BLTR receptor in the pathogenesis of this disease.
European Conference on Information Systems ( ECIS ) 5-2-2012 CLOUD SERVICE REVENUE MANAGEMENT

Successful Internet service offerings can only thrive if customers are satisfied with service performance. While large service providers can usually cope with fluctuations of customer visits retaining acceptable Quality of Service, small and medium-sizes enterprises face a big challenge due to limited resources in the IT infrastructure. Popular services, such as justin.tv and SmugMug, rely on external resources provided by “cloud computing” providers in order to satisfy their customers’ demands at all times. The paradigm of cloud computing refers to the delivery model of computing services as a utility in a pay-as-you-go manner. In this paper, we provide and computationally evaluate decision models and policies that can help cloud computing providers increase their revenue under the realistic assumption of scarce resources and under both informational certainty and uncertainty of customers’ resource requirement predictions. Our results show that in both cases under certainty and under uncertainty applying the dynamic pricing policy significantly increases revenue while using the client classification policy substantially reduces revenue. We also show that, for all policies, the presence of uncertainty causes losses in revenue; when the client classification policy is applied, losses can even amount to more than 8%.
Desipramine Inhibits Na+/H+ Exchanger in Human Submandibular Cells

A common and significant side-effect of the antidepressant desipramine is xerostomia (dry mouth). We investigated the effect of desipramine on Na+/H+ exchanger, which is an important modulator of salivary secretion. In dissociated human submandibular acinar cells, desipramine inhibited intracellular pH recovery in a concentration-dependent manner. Likewise, 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIPA), a Na+/H+ exchanger inhibitor, had the same effect as desipramine, whereas the effect of 4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulphonic acid (DIDS), a Na+/HCO3 − co-transporter inhibitor, was not dramatic. Although desipramine is known to inhibit catecholamine re-uptake, desipramine also inhibited pH recovery in the human submandibular gland cell line, HSG cells, which lack nerve inputs. Our results suggest that desipramine directly inhibits Na+/H+ exchange in human submandibular glands without the involvement of catecholamine re-uptake, revealing the cellular mechanism of desipramine-evoked xerostomia.
Conflicting Signals of Climatic Change in the Upper Indus Basin

Abstract Temperature data for seven instrumental records in the Karakoram and Hindu Kush Mountains of the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) have been analyzed for seasonal and annual trends over the period 1961–2000 and compared with neighboring mountain regions and the Indian subcontinent. Strong contrasts are found between the behavior of winter and summer temperatures and between maximum and minimum temperatures. Winter mean and maximum temperature show significant increases while mean and minimum summer temperatures show consistent decline. Increase in diurnal temperature range (DTR) is consistently observed in all seasons and the annual dataset, a pattern shared by much of the Indian subcontinent but in direct contrast to both GCM projections and the narrowing of DTR seen worldwide. This divergence commenced around the middle of the twentieth century and is thought to result from changes in large-scale circulation patterns and feedback processes associated with the Indian monsoon. The impact of observed season.
Growth of BaTiO3 Seed Grains by the Twin-Plane Reentrant Edge Mechanism.

Two different types of BaTiO3 seed particles, normal and twinned seeds of ∼30 μm on the average, were prepared from crushed sintered specimens. Normal seeds were obtained from the usual BaTiO3 sintered compacts, while twinned seeds containing a double twin were obtained from BaTiO3 compacts sintered with 2 mol% of SiO2. The BaTiO3 powder compacts were again prepared with 5 wt% of seed grains and sintered under various conditions. The microstructural evolution was quite different in the two cases: the growth of normal seed grains was ultimately limited but that of the twinned seeds continued extensively. The observed difference is discussed in terms of the growth mechanism and the atomic structure of interfaces.
Atmospheric corrosion of Mg–rare earth alloy in typical inland and marine environments

The atmospheric corrosion behaviour of peak aged Mg–5Y–7Gd–1Nd–0·5Zr alloys in typical land (Beijing) and marine (Qingdao) environments were investigated by optical microscopy, SEM and X-ray diffraction. The weight loss rates and residual mechanical properties were analysed. The atmospheric corrosion rates of specimens in a typical marine environment were higher than those in land environment. The results demonstrated that temperature, relative humidity and inorganic salts at field exposed sites played an important role in atmospheric corrosion behaviours. The results of our investigation may find wider applications for Mg–rare earth alloys in atmospheric environments.
An Improved Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm for Heterogeneous WSNs

Wireless sensor network (WSNs) have been used to achieve seamless, energy efficient, reliable and low- cost remote monitoring and control in many applications. As the energy of sensor nodes are limited, a solid energy-efficient algorithm is necessary to improve the energy efficient in heterogeneous WSNs. In this paper, we propose an improved distributed energy efficient clustering algorithm (IDEEC) for heterogeneous WSNs. IDEEC considers the multi-level energy model. We simplify the probability thresholdamp;#65292; improve the cluster head selection probability and optimize the estimation of the average energy of network. Simulation results confirm the performance supremacy of IDEEC compared to current clustering protocols in terms of stability period, number of messages, mean and variance of cluster heads (CHs), furthermore, IDEEC takes the minimum running time, which makes it easier to be applied in reality.
Sperm transport, size of the seminal plug and the timing of ovulation after natural mating in the female tammar wallaby Macropus eugenii.

The distribution of spermatozoa and seminal plug in the reproductive tract and the timing of ovulation were examined at various times in a naturally mated monovular macropodid marsupial, namely the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). After the first post partum (p.p.) mating, 28 females were isolated and their reproductive tracts dissected at 0.5, 6, 18, 36 and 40 h post coitum (p.c.). Each tract was ligated into 13 major anatomical sections and spermatozoa and eggs were recovered by flushing. Mating was possibly delayed by handling and occurred 21.7 +/- 2.5 h p.p. in these animals. Copulation lasted 7.8 +/- 0.7 min. Within 0.5 h after a single mating, the tract contained 25.8 +/- 10.2 x 10(6) spermatozoa and 21.6 +/- 8.8 g of seminal plug, 96% and 70% of which was lost within 6 h p.c. respectively. Spermatozoa reached the uterus, isthmus and ampulla of the oviduct on the side of the developing follicle within 0.5, 6 and 18 h p.c. , respectively, and a uterine population of 26.1 +/- 12.10(3) spermatozoa was maintained for over 40 h. Sperm numbers were reduced at the cervix (up to 57-fold) and uterotubule junction (eight-fold) and only one in approximately 7500 ejaculated spermatozoa (3.4 +/- 0.9 x 10(3)) reached the oviduct on the follicle side. Differential transport of spermatozoa was not observed. Although the numbers of spermatozoa were reduced in the parturient uterus, they were highly variable and were not significantly different to those in the non-parturient uterus. Ovulation and recovery of sperm-covered eggs from the isthmus occurred 36-41 h p.c. (49-72 h p.p.). In contrast with the polyovular dasyurid and didelphid marsupials, the tammar wallaby ejaculates large numbers of spermatozoa, but transport is relatively inefficient and sperm storage in the tract before ovulation is limited.
An Empirical Study of the Relationship Among Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention

This study conducted on 100 employees from production sector and 82 employees from service provider sector. The relationship among job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention are investigated to determine statistically significant relations. The results of the study support the hypotheses. Job Satisfaction has a significant and positive relationship with three dimensions of organizational commitment and turnover intention has a significant and negative relationship with job satisfaction and organizational commitment.
Geostatistically Constrained Seismic Deconvolution

We present a method for combining seismic deconvolution and geostatistical interpolation. Both problems are posed as a single joint inverse problem in the maximum likelihood framework. Joint inversion allows for well data to improve the deconvolution results and, conversely, allows the seismic data to improve the interpolation of well data. Traditional interpolation and trace-by-trace deconvolution are special cases of the joint inverse problem. Inversion is performed on 2-D and 3-D field data sets.
FunTube: Annotating Funniness in YouTube Comments

Sentiment analysis has become a popular and challenging area of research in computational linguistics (e.g., [3, 6]) and even digital humanities (e.g., [10]), encompassing a range of research activities. Sentiment is often more complicated than a positive/neutral/negative distinction, dealing with a wider range of emotions (cf. [2]), and it can be applied to a range of types of text, e.g., on YouTube comments [9]. Sentiment is but one aspect of meaning, however, and in some situations it can be difficult to speak of sentiment without referencing other semantic properties. We focus on developing an annotation scheme for YouTube comments, tying together comment relevance, sentiment, and, in our case, humor. Our overall project goal is to develop techniques to automatically determine which of two videos is deemed funnier by the collective users of YouTube. There is work on automatically categorizing YouTube videos on the basis of their comments [5] and on automatically analyzing humor [4]. Our setting is novel in that for YouTube comments each comment does not necessarily itself contain anything humorous, but rather points to the humor within another source, namely its associated video (bearing some commonality with text commentary analysis, e.g., [11]). For our annotation of user comments on YouTube humor videos, a standard binary (+/-) funny annotation would ignore many complexities, stemming from different user motivations to leave comments, none of which include explicitly answering our question. We often find comments such as Thumbs up for Reginald D. Hunter! (https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=tAwZL3n9kGE), which is clearly positive, but it is unclear whether it is about funniness. We have developed a multi-level annotation scheme (section 3) for a range of video types (section 2) and have annotated user comments for a pilot set of videos. We have also investigated the impact of annotator differences on automatic classification (section 5). A second contribution of this work, then, is to investigate the connection between annotator variation and machine learning outcomes, an important step in the annotation cycle [8] and in comparing annotation schemes.
Developing and executing java AWT applications on limited devices with TCPTE

The paper describes TCPTE, a framework that supports the development of thin-client applications for mobile devices. By using this framework, Java AWT applications can be executed on a server and their graphical interfaces can be displayed on a remote client. TCPTE combines in a single framework the advantages of thin-client computing with the richness of client-server graphical interfaces and the simplicity of development that characterizes desktop applications.
Ab initio study of the mechanism of the atmospheric reaction: NO2 + O3 → NO3 + O2

The atmospheric reaction NO2 + O3 → NO3 + O2 (1) has been investigated theoretically by using the MP2, G2, G2Q, QCISD, QCISD(T), CCSD(T), CASSCF, and CASPT2 methods with various basis sets. The results show that the reaction pathway can be divided in two different parts at the MP2 level of theory. At this level, the mechanism proceeds along two transition states (TS1 and TS2) separated by an intermediate, designated as A. However, when the single‐reference higher correlated QCISD methodology has been employed, the minimum A and the transition state TS2 are not found on the hypersurface of potential energy, which confirms a direct reaction mechanism. Single‐reference high correlated and multiconfigurational methods consistently predict the barrier height of reaction (1) to be within the range 2.5–6.1 kcal mol−1, in reasonable agreement with experimental data. The calculated reaction enthalpy is −24.6 kcal mol−1 and the reaction rate calculated at the highest CASPT2 level, of k = 6.9 × 10−18 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. Both results can be regarded also as accurate predictions of the methodology employed in this article. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 24: 1657–1663, 2003
Three-part methylmethacrylate adhesive system as an internal delivery system for smart responsive concrete

The goal of this research project is to expand the previous work on a timed adhesive release system for the repair of cracks in concrete. The performance criteria for the adhesive are that it must have a long shell life, be resistant to extreme temperatures, have a high viscosity so it can flow easily into cracks in concrete and it must be strong enough to repair the cracks. The method of encapsulating the adhesive must not degrade over time and it must not be costly. A three-part methylmethacrylate adhesive system was chosen. The adhesive was released from hollow glass tubes coated with a brittle breakable sealer. The experimental results showed the release of the three-part methylmethacrylate adhesive into the matrix created a bond that restored the lost strength due to the cracking and increased flexibility.