Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Who controls U.S. politics? An analysis of major political endorsements in U.S. midterm elections

In this study, we investigated the underlying patterns, rationales, and effects of major political endorsements in the United States midterm elections, specifically focusing on the endorsement patterns and impacts of Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders in the 2018 and 2020 midterms. In order to uncover such patterns, we examined five demographic variables (Cook's Partisan Voter Index (PVI), bachelor’s degree attainment, percentage white, percentage aged 65 and above, and median income) as well as two candidate-specific variables (incumbency and progressivity). Through employing density-based clustering methods and logistic regressions, we discovered a dichotomy of pragmatic and ideological endorsements in U.S. politics. We thus hypothesized that all political endorsements can be predicted by a combination of ideological and demographic factors, and fall somewhere along the dichotomy. Trump's endorsements were 97% predictable through logistic regressions on demographic variables alone, with PVI contributing the majority (55%) and education level contributing 28%; meanwhile, Sanders' endorsements were only 67% demographically predictable, but 80% predictable through the progressivity of individual candidates alone. We therefore concluded a trend of Trump basing his endorsements upon state demographics instead of individual candidates, and Sanders endorsing based on whether or not candidates align with a progressive ideology. Using a support vector machine model for binary classification, we found that Trump's and Sanders' endorsements contributed 11% and 6% to election victories of their respective endorsed candidates, significantly behind factors such as PVI (38%), bachelor’s attainment (25%) and incumbency (14%), justifying trends such as Congressional stagnation, widening educational disparities in electorates, and political polarization.
The Relationship between Work-Life Balance, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intention among Accounting Personnel in Public Accounting Firms

Of late, work-life balance issues have become an essential topic for research. However, few studies have focused on accounting personnel who typically face high work pressure. This study examines the relationship between work-life balance, job satisfaction, and turnover intention among accounting staff working in public accounting firms in Sarawak. An online survey was conducted through social media channels, yielding 122 respondents from public accounting firms in Sarawak. It was found that there was a significant positive relationship between job satisfaction and work-life balance. However, work-life balance and turnover intention were found to have a significant negative relationship. Furthermore, a significant inverse relationship existed between job satisfaction and turnover intention. This research highlights the importance of having a work-life balance culture in public accounting firms to increase job satisfaction and lower employee turnover intention. Future research could consider increasing the sample size and broadening the scope by studying different industries in Sabah and West Malaysia.
Raising Climate Change Awareness Across Twitter

This study has focused on the effective media, organizations, celebrities, politicians, and ordinary people that are interested in climate change across Twitter. A quantitative content analysis based on the cross-sectional analysis method was performed to assess (1,277,833) tweets from 21st Nov to 10th Dec 2016, which was close to the implementation of Paris Agreement on 4th Nov 2016. The study concluded that positive sentiments and attitudes were dominant compared to negatives, particularly toward media and scientific frames. However, neutral frames formed the biggest frame. This study recommends the unification of the efforts and the declaration of clear views and practical actions by all bodies such as scientists, celebrities, politicians, ordinary people, media, organizations including scientific institutions and centers to construct common knowledge, and evidence through variety ways so as to achieve the highest rate of raising awareness among people worldwide.
Particulate Organic Matter and Water‐Stable Aggregation of Soil under Contrasting Management

Soil organic matter (SOM) is important to soil function. The objectives of this work were to determine the effect of cropping rotation and soil management on SOM, components of SOM, and water-stable aggregation (WSA) of soil near the surface. Measurements were made on soil collected from the top 50 mm of seven sites representing contrasts between alternative and conventional management. Management included tillage, crop rotation, native grass pasture, and corn (Zea mays L.) stover removal as silage. At each site, approximately 10 kg of soil was collected from each replication. Soil was separated into six aggregate groups using a rotary sieve. Aggregate size ranges for Groups 1 to 6 were: 19 mm. Mean weight diameter was calculated using dry aggregate size distribution. Dry aggregate stability, WSA, soil carbon (SC), SOM, fine particulate organic matter (fPOM), and coarse POM were measured on aggregates from each aggregate group. Components of SOM were not uniformly distributed among aggregate groups. Average SC (seven sites) was significantly greater under alternative (31.0 g kg -1 ) than conventional (22.3 g kg -1 management. No tillage (NT) increased fPOM/SOM by 19 and 37% compared with tillage following 4 and 10 yr of NT, respectively. A 5-yr diverse rotation increased fPOM/SOM by 36% compared with monoculture. There was a significant, positive relationship (r 2 = 0.79) between WSA and fPOM/SOM. Diversity of rotation or reduction of tillage increased fPOM and WSA and this may help to curb soil loss by maintaining surface conditions resistant to erosion.
Noble gases as natural tracers of water circulation in the Paris Basin: 2. Calibration of a groundwater flow model using noble gas isotope data

Using the rare gas concentrations in the aquifers of the Paris Basin (see part 1 of this series), a numerical model of a two‐dimensional cross section of the entire Paris Basin was built to simulate groundwater flow and the transport of 3He, 4He, and 40Ar isotopes. The model included seven aquifers separated by seven aquitards in a steady state flow regime. Transport of the gases is by advection, diffusion, and dispersion in steady or transient states. The 4He transport was simulated first and made it possible to calibrate both the crustal flux of this isotope and the average permeability of each aquifer, which were then favorably compared with measured values. These values present a high variability from aquifer to aquifer, between 8.5 × 10−7 and 3.5 × 10−4 m s−1. The water velocities and average residence times were also estimated. Average turnover times for the different aquifers are highly variable, ranging from 8700 years for the shallowest one (Ypresian) to 30 Myr for the deepest one (Trias). The calibrated model was also able to correctly represent the distribution of 3He and 40Ar in the basin. Diffusion proved to be an important mechanism for vertical transfer through the aquitards of the helium isotopes, as opposed to 40Ar, which is transported mainly by advection. On the basis of the (4He/40Ar) radiogenic ratio a constant value of 10−l1 m s−1 was attributed to the permeability of all the aquitards. A sensitivity study showed that the permeability of the aquitards situated in the lower part of the basin (Lias and aquitards in the Triassic and Dogger) could not be higher than 10−11 m s−1 given the observed distribution of the radiogenic 4He/40Ar ratio, but a lower limit could not be defined. The crustal fluxes of 3He, 4He, and 40Ar in the basin were estimated at 4.33 × 10−13 mol m−2 yr−1, 4. × 10−6 mol m−2 yr−1 and 2.52 × 10−7 mol m−2 yr−1, respectively. The simulation of the 3He and 4He transport showed that theR/Ra ratio (value of the measured R = 3He/4He ratio normalized to the atmospheric ratio Ra) entering at the base of the Trias from the bedrock remained constant while crossing the basin except in the zones close to the recharge areas where it is influenced by the atmospheric component. This constancy is due to the low radiogenic/nucleogenic production rate of these isotopes inside the basin, as compared to the crustal flux.
Demographic Gradients of Mental Health in University Students: A Study of Medical Interns in Iran

Background: The mental health status of medical students is not optimistic. Understanding the factors associated with their poor mental health can contribute to alleviating this condition. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the mental health status of medical interns and its associated demographic and personal traits. Methods: From 2020 to 2021, 358 interns were enrolled in the study. Goldberg's general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used to assess their mental health, with scores ≥ 24 indicating poor mental health. Factors associated with GHQ scores were determined using multivariable regression. Results: Among the study population (age: 25.43 ± 2.31, 49.4% males), GHQ mean score was 30.09 ± 14.44, and 61.7% of interns had GHQ ≥ 24. Female gender (adjusted-OR: 1.78, P: 0.015), low hope for career prospects (adjusted-OR: 4.09, P: 0.001), and low and medium personal life satisfaction (adjusted-OR: 10.94, P < 0.001; adjusted-OR: 2.55, P: 0.001, respectively) significantly increased the risk of having poor mental health. Conclusions: In Iran, more than half of medical interns are not enjoying desirable mental health. Female students are more prone to being mentally unhealthy. Furthermore, lower hope and personal life satisfaction levels negatively affect students' mental health. Related university officials should identify the causes and develop effective preventive and therapeutic mental health services for interns. Female students should be the priority group.
PILE CAPACITY FOR AXIAL CYCLIC LOADING

The effects of cyclic loadings from storm waves on the axial capacity of piles driven in cohesive soils and supporting offshore platforms is described. An advanced analytical procedure is developed to estimate pile penetrations and to evaluate the pile performance when a platform is subjected to intense cyclic loadings. The procedure is illustrated with application to a platform located in a water depth of 1,000 ft (305 m) in the Gulf of Mexico. Loading rates, ratio of steady to cyclic load amplitudes, the sequencing and numbers of cycles of loading, and relative pile‐soil stiffness are indicated to be important parameters that determine pile performance. Cyclic loadings and high rates of cyclic loadings have compensating effects on pile capacities. For the example location soils and piles, the limited numbers of cycles of intense design storm loadings result in significant strength degradation in the upper two‐thirds of the pile length. The bottom one‐third of the pile provides the margin of safety for l.
Multiscale study on the spatial heterogeneity of remotely-sensed evapotranspiration in the typical Oasis of Tarim Basin

Time series of regional evapotranspiration (ET) of the typical oasis in the Tarim Basin were investigated and calculated by integrating remotely sensed surface parameters into the improved Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) model. The distributed average and maximum daily actual ET was calculated based on the instantaneous ET, corresponding to oasis vegetation types for investigating the relationships between spatial difference of actual ET and land cover types in arid environment. Different land cover types and surface water conditions in the Keriya Oasis can be distinguished obviously in NDVI-LST feature space and characterized by the Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI). Lacunarity index was employed to determine heterogeneity and spatial patterns of ET landscape in the Keriya Oasis by using RS and GIS techniques. Spatially distributed scale-dependent regularities of land cover types across a range of patch sizes were revealed by changes of lacunarity curves. It is explicitly suggested that lacunarity index is quite effective to quantify the scale-dependent ET spatial heterogeneity and useful to figure out the water use pattern of oasis-desert landscape.
Who is at Risk for a Spinal Fracture? – A Comparative Study of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data

A bone mineral density (BMD) test involves the process of measuring one’s bone strength, which helps predict the chances of getting a spinal fracture. In this study, we examined how BMD may be associated with risk factors such as alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), milk consumption and age. We were also interested in whether gender is associated with the chances of suffering from a spinal fracture. We analyzed the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2008 (NHANES 2007-2008). Our studies suggested that the results for men and women were quite similar for BMD and milk consumption but not for age and alcohol consumption. As men aged, the probability of getting a spinal fracture decreased, while for women, it increased considerably. For alcohol consumption, the higher intake of alcohol increased the chance of a spinal fracture for men, while for women, it decreased the chance of a spinal fracture. For both men and women, a higher BMI resulted in a higher BMD, which reduced the risk of a spinal fracture. The same occurred between men and women with milk consumption.
Foundations of the international system of units (SI)

Robert A. Nelson teaches physics and computer programming at By­ ram Hills High School where he has been a member of the faculty since 1968. He holds the degrees of B.S. in Engineering Physics and M.A. from Lehigh University. (Byram Hills High School, Armonk, New York 10504) Lord Kelvin once said, "When you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind: it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely, in your thoughts, advanced to the stage of science, whatever the matter may be. "l If the touchstone for science is the measurement of physical quantities by numbers, then the touchstone for measurement itself must be the existence of a system of units. A measurement is the result of a specified series of operations and calcula­ tions. Every measurement consists of two parts: a number and a unit. A unit specifies the character of a physical quantity and represents the measure of the reference chosen for comparison. It is an intrinsically abstract idealization. In contrast, a standard is an artifact or reproducible phenomenon which is the physical embodiment of the unit. The metric system of units, originally de­ veloped in France during the last decade of the eighteenth century, has been adopted by scientists because of its logic, precision, and simplicity. The modern metric system is known as the International System of Units, Le Systeme International d'Unites, abbreviated SI in all languages. It consists of seven base units, two supplementary units, and derived units as shown in Table I. SI is administered by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), whose headquarters is located in Shres, France, across the Seine River from Paris. The fundamental scientific decisions are made by the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM). It is assisted by the advice of eight Consultative Committees specializing in particular areas of metrology. * The decisions of the CIPM are submitted to the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) for ratification. The CGPM now meets every four years. The research of the BIPM is reported in the journal Metr% gia. Unit definitions and symbols and important decisions of the CGPM are summarized in The International System of Units (SI) [NBS Spec. Pub! 330 (U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, 1977) J, a translation of the official BIPM docu­ ment. Recommended metric practice in the United States is outlined in Ameri­ can National Standard for Metric Practice [Z21 0.1-1976 (American National Standards Institute, New York, 1976)]. t I have prepared a manual published by AAPT,** SI: The International System of Units, which is intended as a source for definitions, symbols, conventions, tables, and references for SI units. In this article I will trace the events that led to the creation of the BIPM, discuss how the units have been represented by their standards, and investigate how the original metric system evolved into SI.
Trace fossils formed by heart urchins ‐ a study of Scolicia and related traces

Cretaceous and Tertiary traces belonging to the ichnogenera Scolicia, Subphyllochorda and Taphrhelminthopsis are described and analysed functionally. Resting traces continuous with Subphyllochorda are described for the first time and interpreted as the work of heart urchins. The new ichnogenus Cardioichnus is erected for them. The preservation and complexity of some specimens of these ichnogenera allows for a detailed comparison with heart urchin morphology. Subphyllochorda is interpreted as a burrow produced by heart urchins and Scolicia as either burrows or sea floor furrows. The traces here assigned to Taphrhelminthopsis are probably casts of washed-out Subphyllochorda burrows. Palaeozoic traces previously referred to ‘Scolicia’ sensu lato are, in the main, much simpler than the Mesozoic and Tertiary traces and should be transferred to other ichnogenera.
Reflection images from ambient seismic noise

One application of seismic interferometry is to retrieve the impulse response (Green's function) from crosscorrelation of ambient seismic noise. Various researchers show results for retrieving the surface-wave part of the Green's function. However, reflection retrieval has proven more challenging. We crosscorrelate ambient seismic noise, recorded along eight parallel lines in the Sirte basin east of Ajdabeya, Libya, to obtain shot gathers that contain reflections. We take advantage of geophone groups to suppress part of the undesired surface-wave noise and apply frequency-wavenumber filtering before crosscorrelation to suppress surface waves further. After comparing the retrieved results with data from an active seismic exploration survey along the same lines, we use the retrieved reflection data to obtain a migrated reflection image of the subsurface.
New Excavations at VIII.7.1-15, Pompeii: A brief synthesis of results from the 2005 season

In July and August of 2005, the Pompeii Archaeological Research Project: Porta Stabia (PARP:PS) completed its first season of excavations at VIII.7. 1-15, Pompeii. PARP:PS is a collaborative project under the direction of Steven Ellis (University of Michigan) and Gary Devore (Stanford University). The project has planned a total of six seasons of excavations with the aim of understanding the structural and occupational history of the insula, from its earliest origins through to 79 CE. With a program of selective excavation, structural analysis, and geophysical survey, PARP:PS aims to produce a complete archaeological analysis and assessment of the shops, workshops, inns, and houses at VIII.7. 1-15 (figs. 1-2). We are particularly interested in the development of the structural and spatial relationship between public and private space in the Roman city. Previously, little archaeological research had been carried out in this area. The buildings were first cleared in the 1870s. Further removal of the volcanic debris occurred in the early 20th century. More recently, some general cleaning and conservation work on the standing architecture was carried out in the early 1980s. No stratigraphic excavation or systematic study of the architectural and spatial arrangement had been made before the 2005 PARP:PS season. The Directors selected for excavation what appeared to be three areas of distinct function (defined on the general basis of their structural arrangement): a retail space (Trench 3000); a dining area (Trench 2000); and an industrial area (Trench 1000). A fourth area around the Porta Stabia was also cleaned and recorded (Trench 4000; fig. 2). The choice of these areas enabled the Project to develop an initial and broad understanding of the entire insula, which up to that point had been entirely hidden by decades of dense vegetation growth, and to consider other potential areas of focus for future seasons. This brief synthesis outlines the activities conducted by our Project in its first season and anticipates a more detailed journal publication of a season report. We believe it is vitally important for archaeologists to disseminate seasonal results through several media in a timely and regular manner.
The Relationship between Social Media Addiction with Anxiety and Depression among Undergraduate Students in Klang Valley, Malaysia

The purpose of this study is to assess the level of social media addiction among undergraduate students and examine its relationship with anxiety and depression in this population. The research was designed using a correlational survey model. The study group comprised 230 university students, with 158 female participants (68.7%) and 72 male participants (31.3%), all enrolled in two selected private universities in Klang Valley. Data were collected through the administration of the Demographic Information Form, Social Media Addiction Scale-Student Form (SMAS-SF), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Pearson correlation analysis was performed in SPSS to investigate the associations between students' social media addiction, anxiety, and depression. The findings revealed a positive correlation between students' social media addiction levels and their experiences of anxiety and depression. These results suggest that anxiety and depression variables significantly predict social media addiction. The implications of these findings were discussed in relation to relevant literature, and appropriate recommendations were proposed. This study's findings indicate a tendency among undergraduate university students in Klang Valley, Malaysia, towards developing social media addiction.
Linearity of piezoelectric response of electrospun polymer-based (PVDF) fibers with barium titanate nanoparticles

Piezoelectric sensors respond to applied force by generating voltage between their surfaces, measurable with contact electrodes. Flexible piezoelectric polymers with nanoparticles are novel materials allowing building wearable-textile sensors with applications including helping people better adapt to prosthetic devices or providing extra sensorial input. These materials can also be embedded into constructions, such as bridges or buildings, to continuously monitor their structural health. Moreover, when the sensors’ response varies linearly with their input, they can be mathematically modeled with linear systems of equations. These are much easier to solve or further adjust, as opposed to quadratic or higher degrees, exponential, or other functions. Here, we investigated whether flexible, polymer-based piezoelectric materials produced through electro-spinning a Polyvinyledene Fluoride (PVDF) solution containing a specific amount of BaTiO3 nanoparticles respond linearly to applied force by producing a corresponding voltage. We applied forces up to 3.4N on electrospun fibers and on the sides of electrospun meshes and measured the voltage along them. Our results revealed that the generated voltage depends piecewise-linearly with applied force. We carried out these measurements at 20 oC, 5 oC and 40 oC, and the resulting slope dependency demonstrated that the overall piecewise linear behavior was conserved. These results greatly increase the practical interest of such materials. They can be produced relatively easily, appear to be usable outdoors in a variety of climates and can be modeled with linear systems of equations, simplifying integration in complex devices. Our results show that more in-depth studies remain of interest.