Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observance of Principles of Mutual Consideration (PMC) and Its Relation to the Presence of Three Levels of Politeness

The study entitled “Observance of PMC and Its Relation to the Presence of Three Levels of Politeness” investigates politeness realizations according to Principles of Mutual Consideration (PMC) between two different cultures and its relation to the presence of three levels of politeness: pre-event, on-the-spot, and post-event politeness as proposed by Aziz (2000). PMC works as a cause and effect logic wgich consists of four sub-principles: i.e. harm and favor potential, shared-feeling, prima-facie, and continuity principles. The main data of the study were retrieved from www.rcti. tv on 26 th April, 2010 which contained the opening-part of an interview script between an Indonesian Journalist and the President of the Unites States. Using the PMC framework, the study found that there is balanced-order in observing PMC’s sub-principles. This is due to the fact that both the interviewer and the interviewee had the intention to favour one another. This was realized in their complete observance of four PMC’s sub-principles. The study concluded that the observance of PMC together with its three levels of politeness is mainly motivated to balance and create harmony. Keywords: Principle of Mutual Consideration (PMC), Three Levels of Politeness
An Empirical Study towards Refining the AKS Primality Testing Algorithm

The AKS (Agrawal-Kayal-Saxena) algorithm is the first ever deterministic polynomialtime primality-proving algorithm whose asymptotic run time complexity is O(log n), where > 0. Despite this theoretical breakthrough, the algorithm serves no practical use in conventional cryptologic applications, as the existing probabilistic primality tests like ECPP in conjunction with conditional usage of sub-exponential time deterministic tests are found to have better practical running time. Later, the authors of AKS test improved the algorithm so that it runs in O(log n) time. A variant of AKS test was demonstrated by Carl Pomerance and H. W. Lenstra, which runs in almost half the number of operations required in AKS. This algorithm also suffers impracticality. Attempts were made to efficiently implement AKS algorithm, but in contrast with the slightest improvements in performance which target specific machine architectures, the limitations of the algorithm are found highlighted. In this paper we present our analysis and observations on AKS algorithm based on the empirical results and statistics of certain parameters which control the asymptotic running time of the algorithm. From this analysis we refine AKS so that it runs in O(log n) time.
Power quality improvement in DFIG system with matrix converter in wind energy generation with space vector control techniques

This paper proposes the efficient matrix converter in Doubly Fed Induction Generator System to improve the power quality. We can convert voltages from AC to AC or AC to DC or DC to DC or DC to AC by using matrix converter. Till now back to back converters in were used DFIG system. But this paper explains that the Matrix Converter is better than the back to back converter in DFIG system to maximum power tracking. Matrix converter is controlled by ISVM and DSVM control techniques. All results are simulated by MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Performance of the system is analyzed by FFT window.
Part-based multi-target tracking with structured learning

Multi-target tracking in video sequences is a difficult problem when most objects have very similar appearance and objects are close to each other in the image. The paper proposes a new approach to handling these problems by incorporating the target structure information. The structure information of a target is represents by a part-based model which contains appearance measurement and spatial constraints. To better estimate the parts of target, the spatial constraints are learned using an online structured learning algorithm. Based on this model, the adaptive tracker can search a region similar to the target while avoiding nearby targets. The experiments validate the feasibility of the proposed approach under the condition of occlusions and pose changes.
Las perspectivas socioculturales y la formación de profesores de primaria en relación con las matemáticas

Socio-cultural perspectives and elementary school teacher training in relation to Mathematics This article aims to present some problems that have arisen in our work as primary teachers educators in relation to mathematics. In particular, one of these problems is how to educate the future members of a community in a context different to their future professional activity. To resolve this problem, we try to provide the means for elementary students teachers are integrated into the community of these teachers by generating learning communities. These communities are characterized by an activity that might be called "learning to teach". In our case, this activity is performed in environments that are generated by teaching/learning trajectories. In this context, there have been some questions on which we think that is important to reflect. Key words : teacher education, learning communities, learning to teach mathematics.
Stable Heliconius butterfly hybrid zones are correlated with a local rainfall peak at the edge of the Amazon basin

Multilocus clines between Müllerian mimetic races of Heliconius butterflies provide a classic example of the maintenance of hybrid zones and their importance in speciation. Concordant hybrid zones in the mimics Heliconius erato and H. melpomene in northern Peru were carefully documented in the 1980s, and this prior work now permits a historical analysis of the movement or stasis of the zones. Previous work predicted that these zones might be moving toward the Andes due to selective asymmetry. Extensive deforestation and climate change might also be expected to affect the positions and widths of the hybrid zones. We show that the positions and shapes of these hybrid zones have instead remained remarkably stable between 1985 and 2012. The stability of this interaction strongly implicates continued selection, rather than neutral mixing following secondary contact. The stability of cline widths and strong linkage disequilibria (gametic correlation coefficients Rmax = 0.35–0.56 among unlinked loci) over 25 years suggest that mimetic selection pressures on each color pattern locus have remained approximately constant (s ≈ 0.13–0.40 per locus in both species). Exceptionally high levels of precipitation at the edge of the easternmost Andes may act as a population density trough for butterflies, trapping the hybrid zones at the foot of the mountains, and preventing movement. As such, our results falsify one prediction of the Pleistocene Refugium theory: That the ranges of divergent species or subspecies should be centered on regions characterized by maxima of rainfall, with hybrid zones falling in more arid regions between them.
Alcohol increases commission error rates for a continuous performance test.

BACKGROUND Studying the effects of alcohol on Continuous Performance Test (CPT) performance was of interest for two reasons, i.e., (1) perhaps because of the ease of the task used in previous experiments, alcohol has not been found to impair performance, and (2) CPT commission errors (described below) have been related to impulsive behavior. METHODS In this study, the CPT featured both an Immediate Memory Task (IMT) and a more difficult Delayed Memory Task (DMT). We compared the performance of 18 subjects under both alcohol and placebo conditions, using a within-subject design. Both the IMT (0.5-sec delay) and the DMT (3.5-sec delay, with distracter stimuli at 0.5-sec intervals) required the subject to respond if a briefly displayed number was identical to the one presented before it. Stimuli included target (identical match), catch (4 of 5 digits matched), and novel (random number) stimuli. On 2 separate days, subjects performed between administrations of three hourly placebo drinks or three hourly drinks containing 0.20 g/kg of alcohol (producing peak breath alcohol concentrations of approximately 0.035%). RESULTS The main finding was that alcohol consumption increased responses to catch stimuli (i.e., commission errors) in the DMT. In contrast, performance in the IMT (the easier task) was unaffected by alcohol. Commission errors measured during peak breath alcohol concentrations were significantly correlated with scores on the Barratt Impulsivity Scale for both the IMT and DMT. Discriminability (A') between target and catch stimuli was reduced by alcohol for the DMT only. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that even small amounts of alcohol can produce measurable changes in CPT performance parameters if the task is of sufficient difficulty and that commission errors can be increased by alcohol consumption.
A code transformation-based methodology for improving I-cache performance

This paper focuses on I-cache behaviour enhancement through the application of high-level code transformations. Specifically, a flow for the iterative application of the I-Cache performance optimizing transformations is proposed. The procedure of applying transformation is driven by a set of analytical equations, which receive parameters related to code and I-cache structure and predict the number of I-cache misses.
Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment Using Mechanical Thrombectomy: A Study of 137 Patients

Background: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the most effective treatment in large vessel occlusion (LVO). We have analyzed our initial experience of MT of 137 patients in anterior circulation (AC) and posterior circulation (PC) LVO using Solitaire stent retriever device. Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis of 112 AC and 25 PC acute ischemic strokes was done considering various baseline characteristics, risk factors, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) change, revascularization rate, complications, and functional outcome at 3 months using modified Rankin score. Results: Out of 137 patients, occlusion was found in M1 segment (44.5%), carotid T occlusion (37.2%), and basilar artery (18.2%). Atrial fibrillation was important risk factor for Carotid T occlusion. 50.4% patients received intravenous thrombolysis. Baseline mean NIHSS in AC was 15.5 (±4.32), and PC was 19 (±5.5). Tandem lesions were noted in 14.6%. There was significant difference in mean door-to-needle time for AC and PC (220 ± 80.6 and 326 ± 191.8 min, respectively). Mean time to revascularization for AC (39.5 ± 14.1) and PC (42.2 ± 19.4) was similar. Procedural success (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction ≥2b) observed in AC and PC was 92.9% and 84%, respectively (P = 0.154). NIHSS at admission between 5 and 15 and immediate postprocedure NIHSS improvement >4 was associated with significant better clinical outcome at 3 months. Overall complication rate was about 15.3% including symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in 8.1% and 6.6% deaths. Conclusion: MT is safe treatment and equally effective for both AC and PC LVO. With careful patient selection, clinical outcome in PC was comparable to AC despite delayed presentation and higher baseline NIHSS.
Relationships between Clinicopathological Features and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Japanese Patients with Genetic Prion Diseases

A national system for surveillance of prion diseases (PrDs) was established in Japan in April 1999. Here, we analyzed the relationships among prion protein gene (PRNP) mutations and the clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers, and pathological characteristics of the major genotypes of genetic PrDs (gPrDs). We retrospectively analyzed age at onset and disease duration; the concentrations and incidences of 14-3-3 protein, tau protein, and abnormal prion protein (PrPSc) in the CSF of 309 gPrD patients with P102L, P105L, E200K, V180I, or M232R mutations; and brain pathology in 32 autopsied patients. Three clinical phenotypes were seen: rapidly progressive Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), which included 100% of E200K cases, 70% of M232R, and 21% of P102L; slowly progressive CJD, which included 100% of V180I and 30% of M232R; and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease, which included 100% of P105L and 79% of P102L. PrPSc was detected in the CSF of more than 80% of patients with E200K, M232R, or P102L mutations but in only 39% of patients with V180I. V180I was accompanied by weak PrP immunoreactivity in the brain. Patients negative for PrPSc in the CSF were older at disease onset than positive patients. Patients with mutations associated with high 14-3-3 protein levels in the CSF typically had synaptic deposition of PrP in the brain and a rapid course of disease. The presence of small PrP protein fragments in brain homogenates was not correlated with other clinicopathological features. Positivity for PrPSc in the CSF may reflect the pathological process before or at disease onset, or abnormality in the secretion or metabolism of PrPSc. The amount of 14-3-3 protein in the CSF likely indicates the severity of the pathological process and accompanying neuronal damage. These characteristic features of the CSF in cases of gPrD will likely facilitate accurate diagnosis and clinicopathological study of the various disease subtypes.
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isohexenyl Glutaconyl Coenzyme A Hydratase (AtuE) Is Upregulated in Citronellate-Grown Cells and Belongs to the Crotonase Family

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of only a few Pseudomonas species that are able to use acyclic monoterpenoids, such as citronellol and citronellate, as carbon and energy sources. This is achieved by the acyclic terpene utilization pathway (Atu), which includes at least six enzymes (AtuA, AtuB, AtuCF, AtuD, AtuE, AtuG) and is coupled to a functional leucine-isovalerate utilization (Liu) pathway. Here, quantitative proteome analysis was performed to elucidate the terpene metabolism of P. aeruginosa. The proteomics survey identified 187 proteins, including AtuA to AtuG and LiuA to LiuE, which were increased in abundance in the presence of citronellate. In particular, two hydratases, AtuE and the PA4330 gene product, out of more than a dozen predicted in the P. aeruginosa proteome showed an increased abundance in the presence of citronellate. AtuE (isohexenyl-glutaconyl coenzyme A [CoA] hydratase; EC 4.2.1.57) most likely catalyzes the hydration of the unsaturated distal double bond in the isohexenyl-glutaconyl-CoA thioester to yield 3-hydroxy-3-isohexenyl-glutaryl-CoA. Determination of the crystal structure of AtuE at a 2.13-Å resolution revealed a fold similar to that found in the hydratase (crotonase) superfamily and provided insights into the nature of the active site. The AtuE active-site architecture showed a significantly broader cavity than other crotonase superfamily members, in agreement with the need to accommodate the branched isoprenoid unit of terpenes. Glu139 was identified to be a potential catalytic residue, while the backbone NH groups of Gly116 and Gly68 likely form an oxyanion hole. The present work deepens the understanding of terpene metabolism in Pseudomonas and may serve as a basis to develop new strategies for the biotechnological production of terpenoids.
The VERITAS Blazar Observation Program and Multiwavelength Coverage

The Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array Syste m (VERITAS) is an array of four 12m diameter Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique (IACT) telescopes operated at the base of Mt. Hopkins in southern Arizona. The four-telescope expe rim nt started operation in April, 2007. GeV and TeV gamma-ray observations of blazars can be used to p robe the structure and composition of their jets, and to contribute to our understanding of how sup ermassive black holes accrete matter. In this contribution, we present first VERITAS blazar results obtai ned with three and four telescopes.
Energy-efficient transmission for wireless powerec D2D communication networks

This paper studies resource allocation for energy-efficient device-to-device (D2D) communications in an overlay wireless cellular networks, where a D2D transmitter first harvests energy from a base station (BS) and then communicates with a D2D receiver. The resource allocation algorithm design is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem for the maximization of the energy efficiency (bits/Joule) of the D2D system. The proposed problem formulation takes into account the minimum required harvested energy, maximum duration of signal transmission, and minimum required system throughput. Exploiting fractional programming theory, we transform the non-convex problem into a standard convex optimization problem. This allows us to characterize the optimal solution structure of joint time, frequency, and power allocation and to derive an efficient iterative algorithm for obtaining the optimal solution. We reveal that the optimal energy-efficient D2D communication in this framework should occur if the D2D transmitter consumes all the harvested energy from the BS. Simulation results demonstrate the energy efficiency improvement brought by the proposed optimal resource allocation compared to two baseline schemes.
A limited set of human MicroRNA is deregulated in follicular thyroid carcinoma.

CONTEXT Although the pathogenesis of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and its relation to follicular adenoma (FA) remains unclear, detailed understanding of FTC carcinogenesis would facilitate addressing the scientific and clinical challenges, given that there are morphological and molecular similarities between FTC and the frequently occurring FA. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of small, noncoding RNAs implicated in development and cancer and may lend novel clues to FTC genesis. For the latter process, a deregulated miRNA can orchestrate the aberrant expression of several hundred target genes. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to identify deregulated miRNAs in FTC. DESIGN We used two high-density expression arrays to identify miRNAs and their target genes that are differentially expressed between FTC and FA. Validation was done by quantitative RT-PCR. We further functionally characterized the effect of deregulated miRNAs in vitro using HEK293T, FTC133, and K5 cell lines. PATIENTS In total, 45 primary thyroid samples (23 FTC, 20 FA, four normal control thyroid) were analyzed. RESULTS Two specific miRNAs, miR-197 and miR-346, were significantly overexpressed in FTC. In vitro overexpression of either miRNA induced proliferation, whereas inhibition led to growth arrest. Overexpression of miR-197 and miR-346 repressed the expression of their predicted target genes in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our observations show that miR-197 and miR-346 contribute to FTC carcinogenesis. Both miRNAs and their target genes might potentially provide for novel molecular markers and act as novel targets for treatment by interference, which could potentially normalize the deregulated profile of many downstream target genes.
MMPI-2 in the Inpatient Assessment of Women With Eating Disorders

The MMPI-2 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) reveals similar patterns across all Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) eating-disorder diagnoses. In this study, 550 women with eating disorders completed the MMPI-2. The 3 highest mean elevations for all eating-disorder diagnostic groups occurred on the same scales in the same order: 2, 7, and 3. The modal code for all groups was 2-7/7-2. However, multivariate analyses using the 16 validity and clinical scales, as well as the 27 content and supplementary scales, indicated that the MMPI-2 also distinguishes among eating disorders, especially in that patients with restricting anorexia report less psychopathology than other groups. These results are compared with the results of past eating-disorder research that used the older MMPI (Hathaway & McKinley, 1983).
Response Bias and the Theory of Reasoned Action

Evidence is reviewed that suggests that requiring a person to complete an attitude questionnaire often causes the person to construct an attitude where none existed prior to attitude measurement. This finding is extrapolated, and it is hypothesized that requiring a person to complete a questionnaire that measures the components of Fishbein's (1980) theory of reasoned action may cause that person to construct evaluative beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms, normative beliefs, and intentions, in a way that follows the predictions of Fishbein's (1980) theory. This hypothesis was tested using two alternative formats of a questionnaire that measured the components of the theory of reasoned action for three health-related behaviors. It was demonstrated that the format of the questionnaire used to measure the model's components affected the strength of the relationships between these components. The implications of these results are discussed with respect to both attitude research and broader theoretical issues.
Enamel matrix protein derivative plus synthetic bone substitute for the treatment of mandibular Class II furcation defects: a case series.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to report on the treatment of mandibular Class II furcation defects with enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD) combined with a βTCP/HA (β-tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite) alloplastic material. METHOD AND MATERIALS Thirteen patients were selected. All patients were nonsmokers, systemically healthy, and diagnosed with chronic periodontitis; had not taken medications known to interfere with periodontal tissue health and healing; presented one Class II mandibular furcation defect with horizontal probing equal to or greater than 4 mm at buccal site. The clinical parameters evaluated were probing depth (PD), relative gingival margin position (RGMP), relative vertical clinical attachment level (RVCAL), and relative horizontal clinical attachment level (RHCAL). A paired Student t test was used to detect differences between the baseline and 6-month measurements, with the level of significance of . 05. RESULTS After 6 months, the treatment produced a statistically significant reduction in PD and a significant gain in RVCAL and RHCAL, but no observable change in RGMP. RVCAL ranged from 13.77 (± 1.31) at baseline to 12.15 (± 1.29) after 6 months, with a mean change of -1.62 ± 1.00 mm (P < .05). RHCAL ranged from 5.54 (± 0.75) to 2.92 (± 0.92), with a mean change of -2.62 ± 0.63 mm (P < .05). After 6 months, 76.92% of the patients improved their diagnosis to Class I furcation defects while 23.08% remained as Class II. CONCLUSION The present study has shown that positive clinical results may be expected from the combined treatment of Class II furcation defects with EMD and βTCP/HA, especially considering the gain of horizontal attachment level. Despite this result, controlled clinical studies are needed to confirm our outcomes.