Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Frame Repetition Through Cues in the Online Environment

Research has shown that message frames can shape a reader’s subsequent judgments on political issues. In the online news environment, additional cues outside the story may be present that can affect the power of the frame. This online experiment investigates the role of repetitive cues in the framing processes using news editorials and their accompanying recommended headlines that repeat the editorial’s frame. Results suggest that regarding issue-related attitudes and emotions, consistent frame repetition reinforced the effects of the original article when the frame’s relevance to the readers was high but undermined the article’s impact when the relevance was low. Implications for framing studies and online news consumption are discussed.
How to remove a dynamic prompt: static and dynamic delimited continuation operators are equally expressible

We show how to remove a dynamic prompt (aka reset ) and thus to turn so-called static delimited continuation operators ( shift / reset ) into dynamic ones: control , control0 , shift0 . Our technique extends the continuation captured by shift by composing it with the previous fragments of the ‘stack’. Composition of context fragments can be done via regular functional composition. We thus demonstrate that all the above delimited continuation operators are macro - expressible in term of each other — without capturing undelimited continuations and without using mutable state. Furthermore, the operators shift , control , control0 , shift0 are the members of a single parameterized family, and the standard CPS is suﬃcient to express their denotational semantics. We give the simplest Scheme implementation of the dynamic con-trol operators. We give a formal simulation proof that control realized through shift indeed has its standard reduction semantics.
The TREC 2005 Terabyte Track

The Terabyte Track explores how retrieval and evaluation techniques can scale to terabyte-sized collections, examining both efficiency and effectiveness issues. TREC 2005 is the second year for the track. The track was introduced as part of TREC 2004, with a single adhoc retrieval task. That year, 17 groups submitted 70 runs in total. This year, the track consisted of three experimental tasks: an adhoc retrieval task, an efficiency task and a named page finding task. 18 groups submitted runs to the adhoc retrieval task, 13 groups submitted runs to the efficiency task, and 13 groups submitted runs to the named page finding task. This report provides an overview of each task, summarizes the results and discusses directions for the future. Further background information on the development of the track can be found in last year’s track report [4].
In Situ Identification of Intracellular Bacteria Related to Paenibacillus spp. in the Mycelium of the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Laccaria bicolor S238N

ABSTRACT Bacterial proliferations have recurrently been observed for the past 15 years in fermentor cultures of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor S238N, suggesting the presence of cryptic bacteria in the collection culture of this fungus. In this study, intracellular bacteria were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy in several collection subcultures of L. bicolor S238N. They were small (0.5 μm in diameter), rare, and heterogeneously distributed in the mycelium and were identified as Paenibacillus spp. by using a 16S rRNA-directed oligonucleotide probe initially designed for bacteria isolated from a fermentor culture of L. bicolor S238N.
CRT based secured encryption scheme

This paper presents a simple but novel Cryptography system that is based on Chinese remainder theorem. This scheme is the one that uses little or limited computation power for encryption and much lesser requirements for decryption. Also space requirements will not add any more cost as many other systems. Also it is secure for use as good alternate encryption system to deal with multiple secrets and users.
Management Control as an Employee Resource: The Case of Front-line Service Workers

This paper argues that the conception of management control as an employee resource can enhance critical understandings of front-line service work. The argument is developed first through a critique of the contemporary control literature and its prominent worker images of smiling docility and haggard exhaustion. Seeking to encourage accounts more sensitive to the subjectivity and agency of service workers, the paper calls for more research attention to the question of how these employees experience and evaluate management control in relation to their self-defined interests. Analysis of the nature of contemporary service work suggests that one such perceived interest is likely to be interactive control, or the capacity of workers to control and influence those parties with whom they directly interact. Based on a close reading of the emerging empirical literature on services, the article explores various ways in which the bureaucratic, technical and normative regulation designed by management to control service workers is used in turn by workers to further their own control and influence over managers and customers.
An Optical WDM network Concept for Tanzania

— Tanzania is a developing country, which significantly lags behind the rest of the world in information communications technology (ICT), especially for the Internet. Internet connectivity to the rest of the world is via expensive satellite links, thus leaving the majority of the population unable to access the Internet due to the high cost. This paper introduces the concept of an optical WDM network for Internet infrastructure in Tanzania, so as to reduce Internet connection costs, and provide Internet access to the majority of people who live in both urban and rural areas. We also present a proposed optical WDM network, which mitigates the effects of system impairments, and provide simulation results to show that the data is successfully transmitted over a longer distance using a WDM network.
A Logical Framework for Reputation Systems and History-based Access Control

Reputation systems are meta systems that record, aggregate and distribute information about principals’ behaviour in distributed applications. Similarly, history-based access control systems make decisions based on programs’ past security-sensitive actions. While the applications are distinct, the two types of systems are fundamentally making decisions based on information about the past behaviour of an entity. A logical policy-centric framework for such behaviour-based decisionmaking is presented. In the framework, principals specify policies which state precise requirements on the past behaviour of other principals that must be fulfilled in order for interaction to take place. The framework consists of a formal model of behaviour, based on event structures; a declarative logical language for specifying properties of past behaviour; and efficient dynamic algorithms for checking whether a particular behaviour satisfies a property from the language. It is shown how the framework can be extended in several ways, most notably to encompass parameterized events and quantification over parameters. In an extended application, it is illustrated how the framework can be applied for dynamic history-based access control for safe execution of unknown and untrusted programs.
Comparative Study of Sugar Fermentation and Protein Expression Patterns of Two Lactobacillus plantarum Strains Grown in Three Different Media

ABSTRACT A comparative study of two strains of Lactobacillus plantarum (REB1 and MLBPL1) grown in commercial medium (MRS broth), cucumber juice, and liquid pig feed was performed to explore changes to the metabolic pathways of these bacteria, using a proteomics approach (two-dimensional electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) combined with analyses of fermentable sugars and fermentation end products. The protein expression showed that even with an excess of glucose in all media, both strains could metabolize different carbohydrates simultaneously and that hexoses could also be used via a phosphoketolase pathway with preferential expression in liquid feed. Sugar analyses showed that the fermentation of sugars was homolactic for all media, with some heterolactic activity in liquid feed, as shown by the production of acetate. Cucumber juice (the medium with the highest glucose content) showed the lowest hexose consumption (10%), followed by liquid feed (33%) and MRS broth (50%). However, bacterial growth was significantly higher in cucumber juice and liquid feed than in MRS broth. This discrepancy was due to the growth benefit obtained from the utilization of the malate present in cucumber juice and liquid feed. Despite different growth conditions, the synthesis of essential cellular components and the stress response of the bacteria were unaffected. This study has improved our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the growth performance of an appropriate lactic acid bacterium strain to be used for food and feed fermentation, information that is of crucial importance to obtain a high-quality fermented product.
Hidden Markov Models for Endpoint Detection in Plasma Etch Processes

We investigate two statistical detection problems in plasma etch endpoint detection: change-point detection and pattern matching. Our approach is based on a segmental semi-Markov model framework. In the change-point detection problem, the change-point corresponds to state switching in the model. For pattern matching, the pattern is approximated as a sequence of linear segments that are modeled as segments (states) in the model. The segmental semi-Markov model is an extension of the standard hidden Markov model (HMM), from which learning and inference algorithms are presented to solve the problems of change-point detection and pattern matching in a Bayesian framework. Results on both simulated data and real data from semiconductor manufacturing illustrate the flexibility and accuracy of the proposed framework. 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 Time (s) In te ns ity (a .u .) Figure 1: An illustrative example of a change-point detection problem from plasma etching. Data are from a commercial LAM 9400 plasma etch machine.
hivstigma.com, an innovative web-supported stigma reduction intervention for gay and bisexual men.

An intervention to address stigma directed toward HIV-positive men and to enhance the sexual health of gay and bisexual men was developed through a community-based process involving HIV prevention workers, public health, government and researchers. The intervention aimed to diminish stigma, create greater support for HIV-positive men, make disclosure safer and easier, discourage reliance on disclosure to prevent transmission and encourage testing. The question, 'If you were rejected every time you disclosed, would you? ' was widely disseminated in the gay community and supported by the Web site, hivstigma.com, to encourage participation in blog-based discussions. Eight bloggers moderated lively discussions over 5 months. There were 20 844 unique visitors to the site averaging more than 5 min each; 4384 visitors returned more than 10 times. About 1,942 men answered a pre-test survey on a popular gay dating site and 1791, a post-test evaluation. Results show a statistically significant shift among those aware of the intervention toward reduced stigma-related attitudes and behaviors and toward recognition that HIV-positive gay men face stigma in the gay community and that stigma reduces the likelihood of HIV disclosure.
Reprocessing in Luminous Disks

We develop and investigate a procedure that accounts for disk reprocessing of photons that originate in the disk itself. Surface temperatures and simple, blackbody spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of protostellar disks are calculated. In disks that flare with radius, reprocessing of stellar photons results in temperature profiles that are not power-law at all radii but are consistently shallower than r-3/4. Including the disk as a radiation source (as in the case of active accretion) along with the stellar source further flattens the temperature profile. Disks that flare strongly near the star and then smoothly curve over and become shadowed at some distance ("decreasing curvature" disks) exhibit nearly power-law temperature profiles that result in power-law infrared SEDs with slopes in agreement with typical observations of young stellar objects. Disk models in which the photospheric thickness is controlled by the local opacity and in which the temperature decreases with radius naturally have this shape. Uniformly flaring models do not match observations as well; progressively stronger reprocessing at larger radii leads to SEDs that flatten toward the infrared or even have a second peak at the wavelength corresponding (through the Wien law) to the temperature of the outer edge of the disk. In FU Orionis outbursting systems, the dominant source of energy is the inner disk. Reprocessing throughout the disk depends sensitively on the inner disk shape and emitted temperature profile. We show that the thermal instability outburst models of Bell & Lin reproduce trends in the observed SEDs of FU Ori systems with T ∝ r-3/4 in the inner disk (r ≲ 0.25 AU corresponding to λ ≲ 10 μm) and T ∝ r-1/2 in the outer disk. Surface irradiation during outburst and quiescence is compared in the region of planet formation (1-10 AU). The contrast between the two phases is diminished by the importance of the reprocessing of photons from the relatively high mass flux, outer disk ( = 10-5 M☉ yr-1), which is present during both outburst and quiescence.
Fabrication of nanoscale gaps in integrated circuits

Nanosize objects such as metal clusters present an ideal system for the study of quantum phenomena and for the construction of practical quantum devices. Integrating these small objects in a macroscopic circuit is, however, a difficult task. So far, nanoparticles have been contacted and addressed by highly sophisticated techniques not suitable for large-scale integration in macroscopic circuits. We present an optical lithography method that allows for the fabrication of a network of electrodes separated by gaps of controlled nanometer size. The main idea is to control the gap size with subnanometer precision using a structure grown by molecular-beam epitaxy.
Effects on TTS quality of methods of realizing natural prosodic variations

This study attempts to determine whether natural prosody variations and different methods of applying prosodic patterns are relevant to listeners' perceptions of synthetic speech quality. The prosodic patterns of five test sentences including Yes-N o-questions, Wh-questions, declaratives, and continuation rises as produced by six female native speakers of four varieties of English were imposed on the same US English voice using four different methods. Results of a perceptual experiment involving 32 listeners show that the methods resulting in fewer distortions and artifacts are preferred to a significant degree, thus favoring synthesis approaches with minimal signal modification and prosodic patterns without extreme parameter values. An additional test that includes a more obvious prosodic phrasing error further clarifies that prosody becomes a more significant factor when no meaningful interpretation is evident in the given context.
Static task-scheduling algorithms for battery-powered DVS systems

Battery lifetime enhancement is a critical design parameter for mobile computing devices. Maximizing the battery lifetime is a particularly difficult problem due to the nonlinearity of the battery behavior and its dependence on the characteristics of the discharge profile. In this paper, we address the problem of task scheduling with voltage scaling in a battery-powered single and multiprocessor system such that the residual charge or the battery voltage (the parameters for evaluating battery performance) is maximized. We propose an efficient heuristic algorithm using a charge-based cost function derived from the analytical battery model. Our algorithm first creates a task sequence that ensures battery survival, and then distributes the available delay slack so that the cost function is maximized. The effectiveness of the algorithm has been verified using DUALFOIL, a low-level Li-ion battery simulator. The algorithm has been validated on synthetic examples created from applications running on Compaq's handheld computing research platform, ITSY
The Effects of System Justification and Reminders of Ingroup Disadvantage on Just World Beliefs

The tendency to believe that people get what they deserve—termed just world beliefs—is a pervasive phenomenon associated with acceptance of the suffering of others. We tested whether we could decrease just world beliefs. We experimentally manipulated system justification, and gave participants false feedback on a gender Implicit Association Test telling them that they favor the “opposite” gender. For female participants, this false feedback represented a reminder of their ingroup’s low status by suggesting that they support the status quo that disadvantages women. Participants then completed a self-report measure of just world beliefs. As an indirect measure of just world beliefs, participants rated the funniness, offensiveness, and appropriateness of sexist jokes. There were no effects on just world beliefs; however, participants in the high (vs. low) system justification condition rated the sexist jokes marginally more positively. Thus, people who are motivated to justify the status quo are somewhat more accepting of humor that is derisive of a disadvantaged group, suggesting that they may not take group inequality seriously.
Avoid Internet Traffic By Congestion Control Using Optical Burst Switching Network First

As the number of users on the internet and the variety of applications transported are growing steadily at high rate, the available bandwidth as well as best paradigms is facing limits. This paper addresses the issue of the Internet traffic over Optical Packet Switching networks (OPS). In OPS network, packet loss and contention resolution are the major problems. This system is proposed with an aim of overcoming all the above mentioned overheads. The Placement of Optical Burst Switching networks (OBS) and usage of extra random offset time can significantly improve the throughput at the expense of slight increase in data burst delay to achieve a zero burst/packet loss or very low burst/packet drop rate and also minimize contention resolution problem.
Competitive interactions between a nonmycorrhizal invasive plant, Alliaria petiolata, and a suite of mycorrhizal grassland, old field, and forest species

The widespread invasion of the nonmycorrhizal biennial plant, Alliaria petiolata in North America is hypothesized to be facilitated by the production of novel biochemical weapons that suppress the growth of mycorrhizal fungi. As a result, A. petiolata is expected to be a strong competitor against plant species that rely on mycorrhizal fungi for nutrient uptake services. If A. petiolata is also a strong competitor for soil resources, it should deplete nutrients to levels lower than can be tolerated by weaker competitors. Because the negative effect of losing the fungal symbiont for mycorrhizal plants is greatest when nutrients are low, the ability of A. petiolata to simultaneously suppress fungi and efficiently take up soil nutrients should further strengthen its competitive ability against mycorrhizal plants. To test this hypothesis, we grew 27 mycorrhizal tree, forb and grass species that are representative of invaded habitats in the absence or presence of competition with A. petiolata in soils that had previously been experimentally planted with the invader or left as a control. A history of A. petiolata in soil reduced plant available forms of nitrogen by >50% and phosphorus by 17% relative to control soil. Average mycorrhizal colonization of competitor species was reduced by >50% in A. petiolata history versus control soil. Contrary to expectations, competition between A. petiolata and other species was stronger in control than history soil. The invader suppressed the biomass of 70% of competitor species in control soil but only 26% of species in history soil. In addition, A. petiolata biomass was reduced by 56% in history versus control soil, whereas the average biomass of competitor species was reduced by 15%. Thus, our results suggest that the negative effect of nutrient depletion on A. petiolata was stronger than the negative effect of suppressing mycorrhizal colonization on competitor species. These findings indicate that the inhibitory potential of A. petiolata on competitor species via mycorrhizal suppression is not enhanced under nutrient limitation.
Identification of Effective Subdominant Anti-HIV-1 CD8+ T Cells Within Entire Post-infection and Post-vaccination Immune Responses

Defining the components of an HIV immunogen that could induce effective CD8+ T cell responses is critical to vaccine development. We addressed this question by investigating the viral targets of CD8+ T cells that potently inhibit HIV replication in vitro, as this is highly predictive of virus control in vivo. We observed broad and potent ex vivo CD8+ T cell-mediated viral inhibitory activity against a panel of HIV isolates among viremic controllers (VC, viral loads <5000 copies/ml), in contrast to unselected HIV-infected HIV Vaccine trials Network (HVTN) participants. Viral inhibition of clade-matched HIV isolates was strongly correlated with the frequency of CD8+ T cells targeting vulnerable regions within Gag, Pol, Nef and Vif that had been identified in an independent study of nearly 1000 chronically infected individuals. These vulnerable and so-called “beneficial” regions were of low entropy overall, yet several were not predicted by stringent conservation algorithms. Consistent with this, stronger inhibition of clade-matched than mismatched viruses was observed in the majority of subjects, indicating better targeting of clade-specific than conserved epitopes. The magnitude of CD8+ T cell responses to beneficial regions, together with viral entropy and HLA class I genotype, explained up to 59% of the variation in viral inhibitory activity, with magnitude of the T cell response making the strongest unique contribution. However, beneficial regions were infrequently targeted by CD8+ T cells elicited by vaccines encoding full-length HIV proteins, when the latter were administered to healthy volunteers and HIV-positive ART-treated subjects, suggesting that immunodominance hierarchies undermine effective anti-HIV CD8+ T cell responses. Taken together, our data support HIV immunogen design that is based on systematic selection of empirically defined vulnerable regions within the viral proteome, with exclusion of immunodominant decoy epitopes that are irrelevant for HIV control.