Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Slow-roll corrections in multi-field inflation: a separate universes approach

In view of cosmological parameters being measured to ever higher precision, theoretical predictions must also be computed to an equally high level of precision. In this work we investigate the impact on such predictions of relaxing some of the simplifying assumptions often used in these computations. In particular, we investigate the importance of slow-roll corrections in the computation of multi-field inflation observables, such as the amplitude of the scalar spectrum Pζ, its spectral tilt ns, the tensor-to-scalar ratio r and the non-Gaussianity parameter fNL. To this end we use the separate universes approach and δ N formalism, which allows us to consider slow-roll corrections to the non-Gaussianity of the primordial curvature perturbation as well as corrections to its two-point statistics. In the context of the δ N expansion, we divide slow-roll corrections into two categories: those associated with calculating the correlation functions of the field perturbations on the initial flat hypersurface and those associated with determining the derivatives of the e-folding number with respect to the field values on the initial flat hypersurface. Using the results of Nakamura & Stewart '96, corrections of the first kind can be written in a compact form. Corrections of the second kind arise from using different levels of slow-roll approximation in solving for the super-horizon evolution, which in turn corresponds to using different levels of slow-roll approximation in the background equations of motion. We consider four different levels of approximation and apply the results to a few example models. The various approximations are also compared to exact numerical solutions.
Magnetic Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery through Tapered Stenosed Artery with Blood Based Non-Newtonian Fluid

Nanoparticles play an essential role in biomedical applications. A most promising area in nanomedicine is drug targeting which is done with the aid of magnetized nanoparticles. In this study, the hemodynamics of hybrid nanofluid flow with gold and copper nanoparticles suspended in it is investigated. This research primarily focuses on magnetic drug delivery which is propagated through a tapered stenosed artery under three situations, including converging, diverging, and non-tapering arteries. To explore the rheological characteristics of blood, a Sutterby fluid, which is a non-Newtonian fluid, is postulated. The energy equation also incorporates the effects of the magnetic field and joule heating, as well as the viscous dissipation function. Lubrication theory provides a mathematical framework for model formulation. The hypothesized modeling is simplified to a set of nonlinear differential equations that are then solved using a perturbation method up to the second order of approximation. Graphs are used to describe the outcomes of different evolving parameters. The Sutterby fluid parameter opposes the flow negligibly, whereas the Hartmann number and thermal Grashof number strengthen the flow field. Copper nanoparticles (in the absence of gold nanoparticles) are observed to deplete the thermal profile substantially more than gold nanoparticles. Nevertheless, the thermal profile is enhanced by the presence of both nanoparticles (hybrid nanofluids). For greater values of the Sutterby fluid parameter, the wall shear stress has been observed to rise considerably, whereas the inverse is true for the Hartmann number and the thermal Grashof number. The present results have been improved to give significant information for biomedical scientists who are striving to study blood flow in stenosis situations, as well as for those who will find the knowledge valuable in the treatment of different diseases.
Capture and escape: The dependence of radiation forces on clumping in dusty envelopes

Dust barriers effectively capture the photon momentum of a central light source, but low-density channels, along with re-emission at longer wavelengths, enhance its escape. We use Monte Carlo simulations to study the effects of inhomogeneity on radiation forces imparted to a dust envelope around a central star. We survey the strength and scale of an inhomogeneous perturbation field, as well as the optical depth of its spherical reference state. We run at moderate numerical resolution, relying on our previous resolution study for calibration of the associated error. We find that inhomogeneities matter most when their scale exceeds the characteristic mean free path. As expected, they tend to reduce the net radiation force and extend its range; however, there is significant variance among realizations. Within our models, force integrals correlate with the emergent spectral energy distribution, given a specified set of dust properties. A critical issue is the choice of integral measures of the radiation force: for strong deviations from spherical symmetry the relevant measures assess radial forces relative to the cloud centre of mass. Of these, we find the virial term due to radiation to be the least stochastic of several integral measures in the presence of inhomogeneities.
FUSE observations towards the pole-on Be star HR 5223

New spectra have been obtained for the pole-on Be star HR 5223 (HD 120991) using the Far Ultraviolet Satellite Explorer (FUSE). We give a complete description of the far-UV spectral range (920 to 1180 A). The spectra are aected by strong blends with interstellar lines and molecular bands that also signicantly lower the energy distribution of the star. We produce a synthetic spectrum of the interstellar medium (ISM) to determine the column densities of several elements (H2 ,H i ,N i ,O i .) seen towards HR 5223 and to disentangle the components due to the ISM, the photosphere and/or to the circumstellar envelope. The line identication list is available at the CDS. Using the obtained column densities, we determine the reddening of the star due to the ISM only and locate the star relative to the nearby IS clouds. The t of the dereddened UV flux distribution with models that account for the gravitational darkening due to the stellar fast rotation allowed us to estimate the stellar fundamental parameters (Te = 22 000 K; log g = 3.7) and its distance (d = 834 20 pc). The distance obtained, which has to be considered as the most accurate available at the moment, is in agreement with the characteristics of the ISM matter distribution that aects the observed spectrum of the star and with the detecting limits of the HIPPARCOS satellite.
Regeneration of tree species after 11 years of canopy gap creation and deer exclusion in a warm temperate broad-leaved forest over-browsed by sika deer

Deer overpopulation is a major threat to forest ecosystems worldwide resulting in loss of natural vegetation cover and increased sapling mortality. To resolve this problem of deer overpopulation, different strategies such as deer exclusion and gap creation have been explored to determine more efficient methods to restore deer-damaged forest ecosystems. In the current study, we applied a 2 × 2 factorial design of four different treatment groups in warm temperate secondary forests: closed canopy with deer as control, closed canopy without deer, clearcut with deer and clearcut without deer. We compared the decadal change in tree foliar cover and tree species richness among treatment groups to assess tree regeneration success. We also selected six tree species (Abies firma, Quercus acuta, Eurya japonica, Cinnamomum tenuifolium, Castanopsis sieboldii and Neolitsea sericea) that are common in the studied region and compared their regeneration success among the treatment groups. In the absence of deer, clearcutting increased the diversity of tree species and accelerated sapling growth, while under closed canopy conditions sapling heights did not exceed two meters. Tree saplings tended to be less abundant in treatments with deer compared to their counterpart, suggesting limited successful recruitment of saplings at the current deer density (10–13.5 deer km−2). In clearcut-with-deer treatment, non-tree species became abundant, and negatively affected recruitment of tree species as was suggested by regression analysis. However, these general trends were not equal for all tree species. Although clearcut-without-deer treatment facilitated sapling recruitment of all six tree species, Q. acuta, C. tenuifolium and C. sieboldii required deer exclusion for sapling recruitment while A. firma, N. sericea and E. japonica required increased light availability. Consequently, informed decisions can be made by identifying whether certain tree species are capable of naturally recruiting without human intervention and how best to ensure successful recruitment if necessary. By implementing effective strategies, time and resources will be saved, and management goals such as reestablishing tree cover rapidly and increasing tree species diversity can be achieved.
Reduction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentrations in smoked guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) meat using gamma irradiation

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effect of gamma irradiation on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contents in smoked guinea fowl meat. Guinea fowls were processed, smoked and irradiated at 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 kGy. PAHs were extracted and their concentrations determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer. Health risk of the PAHs to humans was also estimated. Sixteen PAHs were detected in the smoked meat with concentrations ranging from 0.002 to 9.221 μg/kg. B[a]P recorded the highest value of 9.221 μg/kg (0 kGy) and the least value of 0.057 μg/kg for the meat samples. Irradiation significantly reduced the PAHs concentrations and their carcinogenic derivatives. Health risk estimation suggested that the levels of PAHs in the treated smoked meats pose no dietary intake risks. Gamma irradiation has the potential to minimize the toxicity of carcinogenic PAHs in smoked guinea fowl meat, thereby increasing export and enhancing the future economical marketing of this food product.
Effects of Printing Parameters on Properties of FDM 3D Printed Residue of Astragalus/Polylactic Acid Biomass Composites

In order to develop a new kind of filament material for the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, the residue of Astragalus (ROA), one of the most important Chinese herbal medicines, and polylactic acid were chosen as the raw materials to FDM 3D print biomass composite specimens, the effects of the printing parameters on the properties of the specimens were investigated. The results indicated that the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the printed specimen were affected obviously by the parameters while the melting and crystallization behavior of the specimens were little affected. For the wettability, it was also little affected by the printing parameter except for the printing speed. Increasing the printing temperature and the filling density or reducing the printing speed and the layer thickness could improve both the mechanical properties and the thermal stability of the FDM 3D printed PLA/ROA composite specimen; reducing the deposition angle could also improve the mechanical properties while having little effect on the thermal stability of the specimen.
Spatially resolved cold molecular outflows in ULIRGs

We present new CO(2–1) observations of three low-z (d ~350 Mpc) ultra-luminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) systems (six nuclei) observed with the Atacama large millimeter/submillimeter array (ALMA) at high spatial resolution (~500 pc). We detect massive cold molecular gas outflows in five out of six nuclei (Mout ~ (0.3−5) × 108 M⊙). These outflows are spatially resolved with deprojected effective radii between 250 pc and 1 kpc although high-velocity molecular gas is detected up to Rmax ~ 0.5−1.8 kpc (1–6 kpc deprojected). The mass outflow rates are 12–400 M⊙ yr−1 and the inclination corrected average velocity of the outflowing gas is 350–550 km s−1 (vmax = 500−900 km s−1). The origin of these outflows can be explained by the strong nuclear starbursts although the contribution of an obscured active galactic nucleus cannot be completely ruled out. The position angle (PA) of the outflowing gas along the kinematic minor axis of the nuclear molecular disk suggests that the outflow axis is perpendicular to the disk for three of these outflows. Only in one case is the outflow PA clearly not along the kinematic minor axis, which might indicate a different outflow geometry. The outflow depletion times are 15–80 Myr. These are comparable to, although slightly shorter than, the star-formation (SF) depletion times (30–80 Myr). However, we estimate that only 15–30% of the outflowing molecular gas will escape the gravitational potential of the nucleus. The majority of the outflowing gas will return to the disk after 5–10 Myr and become available to form new stars. Therefore, these outflows will not likely completely quench the nuclear starbursts. These star-forming powered molecular outflows would be consistent with being driven by radiation pressure from young stars (i.e., momentum-driven) only if the coupling between radiation and dust increases with increasing SF rates. This can be achieved if the dust optical depth is higher in objects with higher SF. This is the case in at least one of the studied objects. Alternatively, if the outflows are mainly driven by supernovae (SNe), the coupling efficiency between the interstellar medium and SNe must increase with increasing SF levels. The relatively small sizes (<1 kpc) and dynamical times (<3 Myr) of the cold molecular outflows suggests that molecular gas cannot survive longer in the outflow environment or that it cannot form efficiently beyond these distances or times. In addition, the ionized and hot molecular phases have been detected for several of these outflows, so this suggests that outflowing gas can experience phase changes and indicates that the outflowing gas is intrinsically multiphase, likely sharing similar kinematics, but different mass and, therefore, different energy and momentum contributions.
Identification of Heme Oxygenase-1 as a Putative DNA-Binding Protein

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a rate-limiting enzyme in degrading heme into biliverdin and iron. HO-1 can also enter the nucleus and regulate gene transcription independent of its enzymatic activity. Whether HO-1 can alter gene expression through direct binding to target DNA remains unclear. Here, we performed HO-1 CHIP-seq and then employed 3D structural modeling to reveal putative HO-1 DNA binding domains. We identified three probable DNA binding domains on HO-1. Using the Proteinarium, we identified several genes as the most highly connected nodes in the interactome among the HO-1 gene binding targets. We further demonstrated that HO-1 modulates the expression of these key genes using Hmox1 deficient cells. Finally, mutation of four conserved amino acids (E215, I211, E201, and Q27) within HO-1 DNA binding domain 1 significantly increased expression of Gtpbp3 and Eif1 genes that were identified within the top 10 binding hits normalized by gene length predicted to bind this domain. Based on these data, we conclude that HO-1 protein is a putative DNA binding protein, and regulates targeted gene expression. This provides the foundation for developing specific inhibitors or activators targeting HO-1 DNA binding domains to modulate targeted gene expression and corresponding cellular function.
Modelling the outskirts of galaxies in a cosmological context

Abstract Current data broadly support trends of galaxy surface brightness profile amplitude and shape with total stellar mass predicted by state-of-the-art ΛCDM cosmological simulations, although recent results show signs of interesting discrepancies, particularly for galaxies less massive than the Milky Way. Here I discuss how perhaps the largest contribution to such discrepancies can be inferred almost directly from how well a given model agrees with the observed present-day galaxy stellar mass function.
Nanorods : Part 1

The specific use of engineered nanostructures in biomedical applications has become very attractive, due to their ability to interface and target specific cells and tissues to execute their functions. Additionally, there is continuous progress in research on new nanostructures with unique optical, magnetic, catalytic, and electrochemical properties that can be exploited for therapeutic or diagnostic methods. On the other hand, as nanostructures become widely used in many different applications, the unspecific exposure of humans to them is also unavoidable. Therefore, studying and understanding the toxicity of such materials is of increasing importance. Previously published reviews regarding the toxicological effects of nanostructures focuses mostly on the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles and their internalization, activated signaling pathways, and cellular response. Here, the most recent studies on the in vitro cytotoxicity of NPs, nanowires, and nanorods for biomedical applications are reviewed and divided into two parts. The first part considers nonmagnetic metallic and magnetic nanostructures. While part 2 covers carbon structures and semiconductors. The factors influencing the toxicity of these nanostructures are elaborated, to help elucidating the effects of these nanomaterials on cells, which is a prerequisite for their save clinical use.
A Review of Recent Developments on Secure Authentication Using RF Fingerprints Techniques

The Internet of Things (IoT) concept is widely used today. As IoT becomes more widely adopted, the number of devices communicating wirelessly (using various communication standards) grows. Due to resource constraints, customized security measures are not possible on IoT devices. As a result, security is becoming increasingly important in IoT. It is proposed in this study to use the physical layer properties of wireless signals as an effective method of increasing IoT security. According to the literature, radio frequency (RF) fingerprinting (RFF) techniques are used as an additional layer of security for wireless devices. To prevent spoofing or spoofing attacks, unique fingerprints appear to be used to identify wireless devices for security purposes (due to manufacturing defects in the devices' analog components). To overcome the difficulties in RFF, different parts of the transmitted signals (transient/preamble/steady-state) are used. This review provides an overview of the most recent RFF technique developments. It discusses various solution methods as well as the challenges that researchers face when developing effective RFFs. It takes a step towards the discovery of the wireless world in this context by drawing attention to the existence of software-defined radios (SDR) for signal capture. It also demonstrates how and what features can be extracted from captured RF signals from various wireless communication devices. All of these approaches' methodologies, classification algorithms, and feature classification are explained. In addition, this study discusses how deep learning, neural networks, and machine learning algorithms, in addition to traditional classifiers, can be used. Furthermore, the review gives researchers easy access to sample datasets in this field.
Simulation of a Hemispherical Chamber for Thermal Inkjet Printing

It is crucial to improve printing frequency and ink droplet quality in thermal inkjet printing. This paper proposed a hemispherical chamber, and we used the CFD (computational fluid dynamics model) to simulate the inkjet process. During the whole simulation process, we first researched the hemispherical chamber’s inkjet state equipped with straight, conical shrinkage, and conical diffusion nozzles. Based on the broken time and volume of the liquid column, the nozzle geometry of the hemispherical chamber was determined to be a conical shrinkage nozzle with a specific size of 15 µm in height and 15 µm in diameter at the top, and 20 µm in diameter at the bottom. Next, we researched the inkjet performance of the square chamber, the round chamber, and the trapezoidal chamber. The round chamber showed the best inkjet performance using 1.8 µs as the driving time and 10 MPa as the maximum bubble pressure. After that, we compared the existing thermal inkjet printing heads. The results showed that the hemispherical chamber inkjet head had the best performance, achieving 30 KHz high-frequency printing and having the most significant volume ratio of droplet to the chamber, reaching 14.9%. As opposed to the current 15 KHz printing frequency of the thermal inkjet heads, the hemispherical chamber inkjet head has higher inkjet performance, and the volume ratio between the droplet and the chamber meets the range standard of 10–15%. The hemispherical chamber structure can be applied to thermal inkjet printing, office printing, 3D printing, and bio-printing.
Entropy Measurements for Leukocytes’ Surrounding Informativeness Evaluation for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Classification

The study of leukemia classification using deep learning techniques has been conducted by multiple research teams worldwide. Although deep convolutional neural networks achieved high quality of sick vs. healthy patient discrimination, their inherent lack of human interpretability of the decision-making process hinders the adoption of deep learning techniques in medicine. Research involving deep learning proved that distinguishing between healthy and sick patients using microscopic images of lymphocytes is possible. However, it could not provide information on the intermediate steps in the diagnosis process. As a result, despite numerous examinations, it is still unclear whether the lymphocyte is the only object in the microscopic picture containing leukemia-related information or if the leukocyte’s surroundings also contain the desired information. In this work, entropy measures and machine learning models were applied to study the informativeness of both whole images and lymphocytes’ surroundings alone for Leukemia classification. This work aims to provide human-interpretable features marking the probability of sickness occurrence. The research stated that the hue distribution of images with lymphocytes obfuscated alone is informative enough to facilitate 93.0% accuracy in healthy vs. sick classification. The research was conducted on the ALL-IDB2 dataset.
Reddening and He i∗ λ10830 Absorption Lines in Three Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxies

We report the detection of heavy reddening and the He i* λ10830 absorption lines at the active galactic nucleus (AGN) redshift in three narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies: SDSS J091848.61+211717.0, SDSS J111354.66+124439.0, and SDSS J122749.13+321458.9. They exhibit very red optical to near-infrared colors, narrow Balmer/Paschen broad emission lines and He i* λ10830 absorption lines. The ultraviolet-optical-infrared nucleus continua are reddened by the SMC extinction law of E(B − V) ∼ 0.74, 1.17, and 1.24 mag for three objects, which are highly consistent with the values obtained from the broad-line Balmer decrements, but larger than those of narrow emission lines. The reddening analysis suggests that the extinction dust simultaneously obscures the accretion disk, the broad emission-line region, and the hot dust from the inner edge of the torus. It is possible that the dust obscuring the AGN structures is the dusty torus itself. Furthermore, the Cloudy analysis of the He i* λ10830 absorption lines proposes the distance of the absorption materials to be the extend scale of the torus, which greatly increases probabilities of the obscure and absorption materials being the dusty torus.