Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatment in Borderline Class III Malocclusion: Orthodontic Camouflage (Extraction) Versus Orthognathic Surgery

Aims: To investigate the differences in morphological characteristics of borderline class III patients who had undergone camouflage orthodontic treatment or orthognathic surgery, and to compare the treatment effects between these two modalities. Materials and Methods: Cephalograms of 25 patients (13 orthodontic, 12 surgical) with class III malocclusion were analyzed. All had a pretreatment ANB angle greater than -5º. Results: Using discriminant analysis, only Holdaway angle was selected to differentiate patients in the pretreatment stage. Seventy-two per cent patients were correctly classified. In the orthodontic group, reverse overjet was corrected by retraction of the lower incisors and downward and backward rotation of the mandible. The surgical group was corrected by setback of the lower anterior dentoalveolus and uprighting of the lower incisors. No difference was found in posttreatment soft tissue measurements between the two groups. Conclusions: Twelve degree for the Holdaway angle can be a guideline in determining the treatment modalities for borderline class III patients, but the preferences of operators and patients are also important. (2) Both therapeutic options should highlight changes in the lower dentoalveolus and lower incisors. (3) Both treatment modalities can achieve satisfactory improvements to the people.
Subjectivity Classification of Filipino Text with Features Based on Term Frequency -- Inverse Document Frequency

Subjectivity classification classifies a given document if it contains subjective information or not, or identifies which portions of the document are subjective. This research reports a machine learning approach on document-level and sentence-level subjectivity classification of Filipino texts using existing machine learning algorithms such as C4.5, Naïve Bayes, k-Nearest Neighbor, and Support Vector Machine. For the document-level classification, result shows that Support Vector Machines gave the best result with 95.06% accuracy. While for the sentence-level classification, Naïve Baves gave the best result with 58.75% accuracy.
Spine Formation and Correlated Assembly of Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Molecules

Hippocampal pyramidal neurons in culture showed a developmental shift in synapse distribution from dendritic shafts to spines. Using dual wavelength time-lapse fluorescence microscopy, we analyzed the morphogenesis of three synaptic components: dendritic spines, postsynaptic densities (PSDs), and presynaptic vesicles. Local assembly of a major PSD protein, PSD-95, was spatially and temporally correlated with spine morphogenesis. Clustering of postsynaptic PSD-95 and that of a predominant synaptic vesicle protein, synaptophysin, were also correlated. In contrast, pre-existing PSD-95 clusters in dendritic shafts were preferentially eliminated without promoting spine formation. The local and stepwise assembly of synaptic components at the contact sites between dendritic protrusions and axons explains the developmental remodeling of excitatory synapses.
Understanding the Evolution of Standards: Alignment and Reconfiguration in Standards Development and Implementation Arenas

The paper focuses on the various frameworks that have been advanced for socio-economic analysis of compatibility standards in information systems, and their adequacy in addressing a set of key issues and challenges. The paper draws upon the concepts developed within the social shaping of technology perspective to approach the standardization process in a dynamic fashion. A dynamic approach to the analysis of standards development is proposed which examines together the settings of standard development and use. The analysis addresses the entire life cycle of a standard, which is conceived in terms of a series of versions of a particular standard, and the displacement of one standard by another. These issues are explored empirically through the case study of healthcare messaging standards in the English and Scottish healthcare sectors.
Hierarchical dissolved oxygen control for activated sludge processes

A hierarchical controller for tracking the dissolved oxygen (DO) reference trajectory in activated sludge processes is proposed and investigated. The removal of nitrogen and phosphorous from wastewater is considered. Typically, an aeration system itself is a complicated hybrid nonlinear dynamical system with faster dynamics compared to the internal dynamics of the DO in a biological reactor. It is a common approach to neglect these dynamics and also important operational limitations of this system, such as the limits on the allowed frequency of switching of the blowers and on their capacity. The paper proposes a two-level controller to track the DO reference trajectory. The upper level control unit generates trajectories of the desired airflows to be delivered to aerobic zones of the biological reactor. A nonlinear model predictive control algorithm is applied to design this controller. The lower-level controller forces the aeration system to follow these set-point trajectories. The predictive control is also applied to design the lower-level controller based on piecewise linearised hybrid dynamics of the aeration system. The overall hierarchical controller is validated by simulation based on real data records. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Optimization of the modular multilevel converters performance using the second harmonic of the module current

At the design framework, in this Thesis s the modular multilevel converter (MMC) is analysed and proposed for connecting the power grids. In order to mathematically describe the converter behaviour, the linear time-varying model (LTV) is developed. The system is considered linear between two switching instants. Since the switching functions have a periodical nature, the steady state of the system is calculated. Using the (LTV) model, both balanced and imbalanced operations of the converter are analyzed. Since the calculation of the steady state requires a low computational effort, the proposed method showed a good alternative to the numerical iterative procedures. Applying the LTV method to the modular multilevel converter, the different operating points are determined depending from the converter parameters. Special attention was paid on finding the optimal operating point concerning the module current. Since the presence of the second harmonic of the converter's arm current and its dependence from the converter parameters is determined, it is used to optimize the module conditions. The resonance points of the converter's arm current were also detected and presented.
Trusted Computing in DVB Architectures Nicolai Kuntze

We describe a concept to employ Trusted Computing technology to secure Conditional Access Systems (CAS) for DVB. Central is the embedding of a trust anchor, e.g. a trusted platform module (TPM) into the set-top box or Conditional Access Module. Various deployment scenarios exhibit possibilities of charging co-operation with mobile network operators (MNO) via trusted mobile devices, or with other payment
New-vista in finding antioxidant and anti-inflammatory property of crude protein extract from Sauropus androgynus leaf.

BACKGROUND tudy describes antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Sauropus androgynus leaf dialysed protein extract. Free radicals are implicated for many diseases including diabetes mellitus, arthritis, cancer, ageing etc. In the treatment of these diseases, antioxidant therapy has gained utmost importance. The main objective of the present study was to reveal the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentiality from S. androgynus leaf dialysed protein extract. METHODS The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of S. androgynus studied using different models viz. hydroxyl radical scavenging, DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power assay, superoxide radical scavenging activity by alkaline DMSO and phosphomolybdenum antioxidant assays and in vitro antiinflammatory activity by inhibition of protein denaturation, membrane stabilisation test models carried out. RESULTS Antioxidant activity was estimated in dose dependent manner showed hydroxyl radical (55.62%), DPPH (50%), reducing power (0.286 Abs), alkaline DMSO (72.51%) and phosphomolybdenum (0.198 Abs) activity high at 50 μg/ml concentration compared to standard curcumin (62.31%), curcumin (56.61%), tannic acid (0.54 Abs), curcumin (75.38%) and vitamin E (0.15 Abs) respectively. In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity by hypotonic induced model showed maximum protection (74.17%) compared to standard Acetylsalcylic acid (86.88%) at 100 μg/ml concentration and also in protein denaturation model protected protein denaturation maximum (83.60%) compared to standard Diclofenac (86.82%) at 100 μg/ml concentration respectively. CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant property usually studied related to the polyphenols and flavonoids present in the extract but present finding concluded that S. androgynus giving hint even potential proteins can also show responsible action effective against free radical mediated disease.
International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems Road Tracking Method Suitable for Both Unstructured and Structured Roads Regular Paper

This paper deals with a problem of road tracking and vehicle positioning based on sequential images captured by a vehicle mounted monocular colour camera. The paper presents a new region‐based road tracking method, which is suitable for both structured and unstructured roads. The proposed method is based on our original road segmentation algorithm and estimates road model parameters from measurements obtained by analysis of segmented road region. Although the proposed method is tested over a limited range, evaluation on real image sequences shows promising results for various types of road.
Sensor device virtualization for mobile cloud systems

Mobile services can be characterized by wireless transmission and sensor data, so typical mobile cloud systems include additional servers which are not found in the traditional cloud systems. “Push/Sync” servers are examples to enhance wireless network experience, but no server can be found to aid the delivery of sensor data. As a result, developers have to write code to access sensor data using their own protocols under the error-prone wireless network, which makes the development time longer. To address this issue, we propose a mobile sensor device virtualization scheme that allows developers to access sensor data using local (cloud-side) sensor APIs instead of network APIs even if the services are run on cloud servers. Therefore, it is much easier to develop mobile services.
On Degrees of Freedom Region of MIMO Networks Without Channel State Information at Transmitters

We study the effect of the absence of channel knowledge at the transmitters for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) networks. Specifically, we assume perfect channel state information at the receivers, no channel state information at the transmitter(s), and independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) Rayleigh fading across antennas, users and time slots. We provide the characterization of the degrees of freedom (DoF) region for a 2-user MIMO broadcast channel. We then provide a DoF region outer bound for a 2-user MIMO interference channel. This bound is shown to be tight for all possible combinations of the number of antennas at each node except for one case. To analyze the unsolved case, we point out the potential of interference alignment in the 2-user MIMO interference channel with no channel state information at the transmitters. As a byproduct, we explore a special class of MIMO broadcast channels where the capacity region is established by using the outer bound developed in the DoF analysis.
Actin filament disassembly is a sufficient final trigger for exocytosis in nonexcitable cells

Although the actin cytoskeleton has been implicated in vesicle trafficking, docking and fusion, its site of action and relation to the Ca(2+)-mediated activation of the docking and fusion machinery have not been elucidated. In this study, we examined the role of actin filaments in regulated exocytosis by introducing highly specific actin monomer- binding proteins, the beta-thymosins or a gelsolin fragment, into streptolysin O-permeabilized pancreatic acinar cells. These proteins had stimulatory and inhibitory effects. Low concentrations elicited rapid and robust exocytosis with a profile comparable to the initial phase of regulated exocytosis, but without raising [Ca2+], and even when [Ca2+] was clamped at low levels by EGTA. No additional cofactors were required. Direct visualization and quantitation of actin filaments showed that beta-thymosin, like agonists, induced actin depolymerization at the apical membrane where exocytosis occurs. Blocking actin depolymerization by phalloidin or neutralizing beta- thymosin by complexing with exogenous actin prevented exocytosis. These findings show that the cortical actin network acts as a dominant negative clamp which blocks constitutive exocytosis. In addition, actin filaments also have a positive role. High concentrations of the actin depolymerizing proteins inhibited all phases of exocytosis. The inhibition overrides stimulation by agonists and all downstream effectors tested, suggesting that exocytosis cannot occur without a minimal actin cytoskeletal structure.
Optimizing ROADM configuration in WDM networks

Wavelength Switched Optical Networks (WSONs) have been designed to take advantage of all optical switching fabrics with a high level of automation and efficiency. Therein, the Wavelength Selective Switches (WSS) represent the core switching elements with a technology enabling multi-degree Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (ROADM) architectures with colorless, directionless and contentionless (CDC) switching. With the use of CDC ROADMs, WSON nodes are asymmetrical with respect to their switching capabilities. Firstly, the selection of the restricted switching capabilities plays a critical role in order to maximize, e.g., the grade of service subject to a given number of ports. Secondly, the asymmetry depends on the port size of WSS. In this paper, we propose an optimization model in order to establish the best ROADM switching connectivity to maximize the grade of service, for a given number of ports. We show that the grade of service can vary significantly, up to 30%, depending on the switching connectivity.
Efficient image transmission over MIMO channel using compressive sensing

In wireless communication, the channel is characterized by multipath propagation due to scattering by different obstacles. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) channels which consider this multipath propagation offers significant increase in data throughput and link range without additional bandwidth or transmit power. With the availability of high data rates by MIMO channel, images can be transmitted with high reliability. In this paper, both source coding and channel coding techniques of an image are employed. An image is source coded by using Compressive Sensing (CS) algorithm where the input image is converted to numerical data. These numerical data's are then space time block coded which can be transmitted simultaneously over the four antennas. Then unequal power allocation scheme is employed over those data streams in which each transmitting antenna gets different amount of power according to the data it transmits. The results are simulated using MATLAB. The results show that the unequal power allocation provides significant quality improvement than the conventional equal power allocation technique. The results also reveal that spatial diversity can be achieved at a higher rate using Compressive Sensing than with JPEG and JPEG 2000 compression algorithms.
Unsupervised audio segmentation based on Restricted Boltzmann Machines

In this paper the Conditional Restricted Boltzmann Machine (CRBM) is employed in the context of unsupervised audio segmentation. The CRBM acts as a temporal modeling method and learns, from a maximum likelihood perspective, the temporal relationships of the feature vectors that have been extracted from a large corpus of training data. After the CRBM has been trained, we quantify the correlation of the activation of the neurons of the hidden layer for successive feature vectors by means of an appropriately defined similarity function. A simple thresholding scheme is then applied on the output of the similarity function to segment automatically the audio recording. Our experiments have been carried out on a large corpus of documentaries. We provide an interpretation of the segmentation results and comment on the segmentation efficiency of the method.
Dirichlet-to-Neumann map method for analyzing crossed arrays of circular cylinders

An efficient and accurate computational method is developed for analyzing finite layers of crossed arrays of circular cylinders, including woodpile structures as special cases. The method relies on marching a few operators (approximated by matrices) from one side of the structure to another. The marching step makes use of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DtN) maps for two-dimensional unit cells in each layer where the structure is invariant in the direction of the cylinder axes. The DtN map is an operator that maps two wave field components to their normal derivatives on the boundary of the unit cell, and they can be easily constructed by vector cylindrical waves. Unlike existing numerical methods for crossed gratings, our method does not require a discretization of the structure. Compared with the multipole method that uses vector cylindrical wave expansions and scattering matrices, our method is relatively simple since it does not need sophisticated lattice sums techniques.
Competitiveness analysis of urban public transport based on SVM

The comprehensive analysis of urban public transport has an important role in promoting the development of urban public transport. Based on the characteristics of urban public transport, following the principles of scientific, integrity, independence and operational, this paper built a comprehensive analysis index system for urban public transport, then the comprehensive evaluation method based on the support vector machine (SVM) is brought out trying to analyze the urban public transport of comprehensive after the index system is established. And then, a case study is executed by taking 20 cities in Hebei province in China as an example. The research results reveal that the method can efficiently evaluate comprehensively to the urban public transport of comprehensive. Thus it could be useful for the government to make relevant policies to improve the operational performance for public transport. In the end, some policy advices are given.
HMM-Based-Correlations in Infrared Remote-Image

There are plenty of correlations in infrared remote images that intensities of edge are as a regradually changed. As a result, infrared images usually seem to be blurry. Consequently,the correlations can be utilized to perform efficiently coding. The paper analyzed the characters of typical infrared remote-images. Based on HMM, the contextual model was founded to practice the bit plan e-coding. Within this method, innerstate of wavelet coefficients could be estimated according to its probabilistic character. Experiment results showed that the proposed algorithm was effective in infrared remote-image coding while the compression ratio was 16. And the PSNR can be improved by 0.3-1.2 dB. Moreover there is rarely visual distortion in reconstructed images. Meanwhile the method would have broader application prospects.
Correlation of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide with clinical parameters in patients with hypertension.

BACKGROUND/AIM Identification of patients with arterial hypertension and a possible onset of heart failure by determining the concentration of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) enables timely intensification of treatment and allows clinicians to prescribe and implement optimal and appropriate care. The aim of this study was to evaluate NT-proBNP in patients with longstanding hypertension and in patients with signs of hypertensive cardiomyopathy. METHODS The study involved 3 groups, with 50 subjects each: "healthy" persons (control group), patients with hypertension and normal left ventricular systolic function (group 1) and patients with longstanding hypertension and signs of hypertensive cardiomyopathy with impaired left ventricular systolic function (group 2). We measured levels of NT-proBNP, C-reactive protein and creatinine according to the manufacturer's instructions. All the patients were clinically examined including physical examination of the heart with blood pressure, pulse rate, electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram. RESULTS Our results showed that the determined parameters generally differed significantly (Student's t-test) among the groups. The mean (+/- SD) values of NT-proBNP in the control group, group 1 and group 2 were: 2.794 (+/- 1.515) pmol/L, 9.575 (+/- 5.449) pmol/L and 204.60 (84,93) pmol/L, respectively. NT-proBNP correlated significantly with the determined parameters both in the group 1 and the group 2. In the group 1, the highest correlation was obtained with C-reactive protein (r = 0.8424). In the group 2, the highest correlation was obtained with ejection fraction (r = -0.9111). NT-proBNP showed progressive increase in proportion to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification. The patients in the- group 2 who belonged to the II and III NYHA class had significantly higher levels of NT-proBNP than those in the NYHA class I (ANOVA test, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION The obtained results suggest that NT-proBNP is a useful biomarker in the treatment of patients with longstanding hypertension who are at risk for heart failure.
Cerebellar Zonal Patterning Relies on Purkinje Cell Neurotransmission

Cerebellar circuits are patterned into an array of topographic parasagittal domains called zones. The proper connectivity of zones is critical for motor coordination and motor learning, and in several neurological diseases cerebellar circuits degenerate in zonal patterns. Despite recent advances in understanding zone function, we still have a limited understanding of how zones are formed. Here, we focused our attention on Purkinje cells to gain a better understanding of their specific role in establishing zonal circuits. We used conditional mouse genetics to test the hypothesis that Purkinje cell neurotransmission is essential for refining prefunctional developmental zones into sharp functional zones. Our results show that inhibitory synaptic transmission in Purkinje cells is necessary for the precise patterning of Purkinje cell zones and the topographic targeting of mossy fiber afferents. As expected, blocking Purkinje cell neurotransmission caused ataxia. Using in vivo electrophysiology, we demonstrate that loss of Purkinje cell communication altered the firing rate and pattern of their target cerebellar nuclear neurons. Analysis of Purkinje cell complex spike firing revealed that feedback in the cerebellar nuclei to inferior olive to Purkinje cell loop is obstructed. Loss of Purkinje neurotransmission also caused ectopic zonal expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, which is only expressed in adult Purkinje cells when calcium is dysregulated and if excitability is altered. Our results suggest that Purkinje cell inhibitory neurotransmission establishes the functional circuitry of the cerebellum by patterning the molecular zones, fine-tuning afferent circuitry, and shaping neuronal activity.