Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Approximation by boolean sums of Jackson operators on the sphere

This paper concerns the approximation by the Boolean sums of Jackson operators $\oplus^rJ_{k,s}(f)$ on the unit sphere $\mathbb S^{n-1}$ of $\mathbb{R}^{n}$. We prove the following the direct and inverse theorem for $\oplus^rJ_{k,s}(f)$: there are constants $C_1$ and $C_2$ such that \begin{equation*} C_1\|\oplus^rJ_{k,s}f-f\|_p \leq \omega^{2r}(f,k^{-1})_p \leq C_2 \max_{v\geq k}\|\oplus^rJ_{k,s}f-f\|_p \end{equation*} for any positive integer $k$ and any $p$th Lebesgue integrable functions $f$ defined on $\mathbb S^{n-1}$, where $\omega^{2r}(f,t)_p$ is the modulus of smoothness of degree $2r$ of $f$. We also prove that the saturation order for $\oplus^rJ_{k,s}$ is $k^{-2r}$.
Mandelstam-Leibbrandt prescription

The light cone gauge is used frequently in string theory as well as gauge theories and gravitation. Loop integrals however have to be infrared regulated to remove spurious poles. The most popular and consistent of these infrared regulators is the Mandelstam-Leibbrandt(ML) prescription. The calculations with ML are rather cumbersome, though. In this work we show that the ML can be replaced by a symmetry of the regulator. This symmetry simplify the calculations, reducing them to conventional dimensional regularization integrals.
Disclosing Gender-Based Violence: A Qualitative Analysis of Professionals’ and Women’s Perspectives through a Discursive Approach

Supporting women to disclose gender-based violence (GBV) is a central feature of how healthcare and other welfare services address this problem. In this paper we take a discursive approach to analyse the process of disclosing GBV from the perspectives of young women who have been subjected to GBV and professionals working in the welfare system. Through a reflective thematic analysis of 13 interviews with young women who have been subjected to GBV and 17 with professionals working in different sectors of the welfare system, we developed four themes about how disclosure is perceived: (i) as a conversation between acquaintances; (ii) as ‘no solution’; (iii) as a possible prerequisite for action; and (iv) as difficult because GBV is normalised. Even if disclosure is not the solution per se, it makes it possible to respond institutionally to GBV on an individual basis through the figure of the expert professional who is alert to signs, knows how to support disclosure, and has the power to legitimate women’s claims of GBV. We acknowledge the possibilities that supporting disclosure brings for women subjected to GBV, but at the same time, problematise that it can re-centre expertise in the professional and place the responsibility on women.
Validation of a QTL on Chromosome 1DS Showing a Major Effect on Salt Tolerance in Winter Wheat

Salt stress is one the most destructive abiotic stressors, causing yield losses in wheat worldwide. A prerequisite for improving salt tolerance is the identification of traits for screening genotypes and uncovering causative genes. Two populations of F3 lines developed from crosses between sensitive and tolerant parents were tested for salt tolerance at the seedling stage. Based on their response, the offspring were classified as salt sensitive and tolerant. Under saline conditions, tolerant genotypes showed lower Na+ and proline content but higher K+, higher chlorophyll content, higher K+/Na+ ratio, higher PSII activity levels, and higher photochemical efficiency, and were selected for further molecular analysis. Five stress responsive QTL identified in a previous study were validated in the populations. A QTL on the short arm of chromosome 1D showed large allelic effects in several salt tolerant related traits. An expression analysis of associated candidate genes showed that TraesCS1D02G052200 and TraesCS5B02G368800 had the highest expression in most tissues. Furthermore, qRT-PCR expression analysis revealed that ZIP-7 had higher differential expressions under saline conditions compared to KefC, AtABC8 and 6-SFT. This study provides information on the genetic and molecular basis of salt tolerance that could be useful in development of salt-tolerant wheat varieties.
The Non-Interventional PAZOREAL Study to Assess the Effectiveness and Safety of Pazopanib in a Real-Life Setting: Reflecting a Changing mRCC Treatment Landscape

Simple Summary Clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of pazopanib as a primary treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). The approval of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and checkpoint-inhibitors represented further progress in the mRCC treatment landscape. Yet, with the recent changes in treatment options, there are scarce real-world data on these substances, including pazopanib. The PAZOREAL study investigated the effectiveness and safety of pazopanib (first-line), nivolumab (second-line), and everolimus (second- and third-line) in a real-life setting. This study included 376 mRCC patients who received first-line treatment with pazopanib and assessed the treatment’s effectiveness, safety, and resultant quality of life. The median time on the drug for the study population was 10.0 months; for primary treatment with pazopanib, it was 6.3 months. The median overall survival (mOS) for the entire study population was 35.9 months. No new safety signals were detected. PAZOREAL provides valuable real-world data for the primary treatment of mRCC with pazopanib. Abstract The approval of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and checkpoint inhibitors represented a remarkable progression in the therapeutic landscape for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Yet, in the ever-evolving landscape of mRCC treatment, real-world data on these agents, including pazopanib, are scarce. The non-interventional PAZOREAL study investigated the effectiveness and safety of pazopanib (first-line), nivolumab (second-line), and everolimus (second- and third-line) in a real-life setting. The multicentric study included 376 mRCC patients who received first-line treatment with pazopanib and assessed time on the drug (primary endpoint), overall survival, best responses, disease control rates, as well as safety signals and health-related quality of life. The median overall time on the drug was 10.0 months, with first-line pazopanib having a median time on drug of 6.3 months. The median overall survival was 35.9 months. The disease control rate for first-line pazopanib was 56.9%. No new safety signals were detected. PAZOREAL provides valuable real-world data for first-line treatment with pazopanib.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2: Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Potential in Preeclampsia Comorbidity with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections

This review explored the role of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) in the synergy of preeclampsia (PE), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Downregulation of VEGFR-2 in PE promotes endothelial dysfunction and prevents endothelial cell (EC) migration, proliferation, and differentiation. The HIV-1 accessory protein, tat (trans-activator of transcription), prevents VEGFR-2 signaling via the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) ligand. Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) may cause immune reconstitution, impaired decidualization, and endothelial injury, thus may be a risk factor for PE development. The VEGF/VEGFR-2 interaction may be associated with SARS-CoV-2-related pulmonary oedema. Endothelial dysfunction and heightened inflammation are both associated with PE, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection; therefore, it is plausible that both characteristics may be exacerbated in the synergy of these events. In addition, this review explored microRNAs (miR) regulating VEGFR-2. An overexpression of miR-126 is evident in PE, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection; thus, modulating the expression of miR-126 may be a therapeutic strategy. However, the involvement of microRNAs in PE, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection needs further investigating. Since these conditions have been evaluated independently, this review attempts to predict their clinical manifestations in their synergy, as well as independently; thereby providing a platform for early diagnosis and therapeutic potential in PE, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
THE REDSHIFT OF THE LENSING GALAXY IN THE GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED SYSTEM B0218+35.7

A spectrum of the light from the gravitationally lensed system B0218 + 35.7 has been obtained with the William Herschel Telescope. Narrow absorption and emission lines are detected with a redshift of 0.6847. We identify these lines as being produced in the lensing galaxy, which is probably a spiral. The light from the lensed object is red, with no strong emission lines
The study of vegetation indices for the monitoring of differences in chlorophyll and carotenoid composition in green vegetables

In this paper we studied the reflectance spectra of different green vegetables. The main objective was to identify the wavelength(s)(areas) that are the most sensitive to variations in pigment composition. With this we try to meet the ever growing demand from society to classify food products on their quality which is related to the state of ripening and degradation. The group of investigated samples consisted of a group of seven different green vegetables. Because these products have different pigment compositions they formed the ideal test samples for our research. For each product type we measured the reflectance spectra between 400 and 800 nm for 30 samples. From these spectra we investigated three different types of measurands: the measurands that are nowadays commonly used to monitor color differences, the vegetation indices that are defined to monitor plant leaves and measurands that are taking into account the entire reflectance spectrum in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The main conclusion of our research was that a combination of the first two mentioned types of indices allowed us to identify the different product groups in an optical way.
Accelerated gradient methods for the x-ray imaging of solar flares

In this paper we present new optimization strategies for the reconstruction of x-ray images of solar flares by means of the data collected by the Reuven Ramaty high energy solar spectroscopic imager. The imaging concept of the satellite is based on rotating modulation collimator instruments, which allow the use of both Fourier imaging approaches and reconstruction techniques based on the straightforward inversion of the modulated count profiles. Although in the last decade, greater attention has been devoted to the former strategies due to their very limited computational cost, here we consider the latter model and investigate the effectiveness of different accelerated gradient methods for the solution of the corresponding constrained minimization problem. Moreover, regularization is introduced through either an early stopping of the iterative procedure, or a Tikhonov term added to the discrepancy function by means of a discrepancy principle accounting for the Poisson nature of the noise affecting the data.
The monitoring and data quality assessment of the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeter

The ATLAS experiment is designed to study the proton-proton (pp) collisions produced at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. Liquid argon (LAr) sampling calorimeters are used for all electromagnetic calorimetry in the pseudo-rapidity region |η| < 3.2, as well as for hadronic calorimetry in the range 1.5 < |η| < 4.9. The electromagnetic calorimeters use lead as passive material and are characterized by an accordion geometry that allows a fast and uniform response without azimuthal gaps. Copper and tungsten were chosen as passive material for the hadronic calorimetry; while a classic parallel-plate geometry was adopted at large polar angles, an innovative design based on cylindrical electrodes with thin liquid argon gaps is employed at low angles, where the particle flux is higher. All detectors are housed in three cryostats maintained at about 88.5 K. The 182,468 cells are read out via front-end boards housed in on-detector crates that also contain monitoring, calibration, trigger and timing boards. In the first three years of LHC operation, approximately 27 fb−1 of pp collision data were collected at centre-of-mass energies of 7-8 TeV. Throughout this period, the calorimeter consistently operated with performances very close to specifications, with high data-taking efficiency. This is in large part due to a sophisticated data monitoring procedure designed to quickly identify issues that would degrade the detector performance, to ensure that only the best quality data are used for physics analysis. After a description of the detector design, main characteristics and operation principles, this paper details the data quality assessment procedures developed during the 2011 and 2012 LHC data-taking periods, when more than 98% of the luminosity recorded by ATLAS had high quality LAr calorimeter data suitable for physics analysis.
Scenarios of change in the realized climatic niche of mountain carnivores and ungulates

Mountains are among the natural systems most affected by climate change, and mountain mammals are considered particularly imperiled, given their high degree of specialization to narrow tolerance bands of environmental conditions. Climate change mitigation policies, such as the Paris Agreement, are essential to stem climate change impacts on natural systems. But how significant is the Paris Agreement to the survival of mountain mammals? We investigated how alternative emission scenarios may determine change in the realized climatic niche of mountain carnivores and ungulates in 2050. We based our predictions of future change in species niches based on how species have responded to past environmental changes, focusing on the probabilities of niche shrink and niche stability. We found that achieving the Paris Agreement's commitments would substantially reduce climate instability for mountain species. Specifically, limiting global warming to below 1.5°C would reduce the probability of niche shrinkage by 4% compared with a high‐emission scenario. Globally, carnivores showed greater niche shrinkage than ungulates, whereas ungulates were more likely to shift their niches (i.e., face a level of climate change that allows adaptation). Twenty‐three species threatened by climate change according to the IUCN Red List had greater niche contraction than other species we analyzed (3% higher on average). We therefore argue that climate mitigation policies must be coupled with rapid species‐specific conservation intervention and sustainable land‐use policies to avoid high risk of loss of already vulnerable species.
Elementary approach to homogeneous $C^*$-algebras

A C*-algebra is n-homogeneous (where n is finite) if every its nonzero irreducible representation acts on an n-dimensional Hilbert space. An elementary proof of Fell's characterization of n-homogeneous C*-algebras (by means of their spectra) is presented. A spectral theorem and a functional calculus for finite systems of elements which generate n-homogeneous C*-algebras are proposed.
Signaling pathways in cancer‐associated fibroblasts: recent advances and future perspectives

As a critical component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles in cancer initiation and progression. Well‐known signaling pathways, including the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), Hedgehog (Hh), Notch, Wnt, Hippo, nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB), Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways, as well as transcription factors, including hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF), heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), P53, Snail, and Twist, constitute complex regulatory networks in the TME to modulate the formation, activation, heterogeneity, metabolic characteristics and malignant phenotype of CAFs. Activated CAFs remodel the TME and influence the malignant biological processes of cancer cells by altering the transcriptional and secretory characteristics, and this modulation partially depends on the regulation of signaling cascades. The results of preclinical and clinical trials indicated that therapies targeting signaling pathways in CAFs demonstrated promising efficacy but were also accompanied by some failures (e.g., NCT01130142 and NCT01064622). Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the signaling cascades in CAFs might help us better understand the roles of CAFs and the TME in cancer progression and may facilitate the development of more efficient and safer stroma‐targeted cancer therapies. Here, we review recent advances in studies of signaling pathways in CAFs and briefly discuss some future perspectives on CAF research.
Schwinger's Magnetic Model of Matter: Can It Help Us With Grand Unification?

Many have argued that research on grand unification or local realistic physics will not be truly relevant until it makes predictions verified by experiment, different from the prediction of prior theory (the standard model). This paper proposes a new strategy (and candidate Lagrangians) for such models; that strategy in turn calls for reconsideration of Schwinger's magnetic model of matter. High priority should be given to experiments which fully confirm or deny recent scattering calculations which suggest the presence of van der Waals effects in low energy p-p and pi-pi scattering, consistent with Schwinger's model and inconsistent with QCD as we know it (with a mass gap). I briefly discuss other evidence, which does not yet rule out Schwinger's theory. A recent analysis of hadron masses also seems more consistent with the Schwinger model than with QCD.
Isolation of a novel DNA aptamer against LipL32 as a potential diagnostic agent for the detection of pathogenic Leptospira

Leptospirosis is a potentially life‐threatening zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira and for rapid diagnostics, direct detection is desirable. LipL32 protein is the most suitable biomarker for direct detection. DNA aptamers are sought to be generated against LipL32 by Systemic Evolution of Ligands via Exponential Enrichment (SELEX). LepDapt‐5a is the most potent aptamer candidate among all the candidates, as determined by direct Enzyme‐linked Aptasorbent Assay (ELASA). LepDapt‐5a was predicted to form a G‐quadruplex structure as predicted by QGRS Mapper and validated experimentally by direct ELASA. The diagnostic potential of the aptamer was further tested on a direct and sandwich ELASA platform. A LOD of 106 mL‐1 and 105 mL‐1 were estimated by direct and sandwich ELASA platforms, respectively, which are within the range associated with leptospiremia levels. The dot blot assay developed was able to attain a LOD of 104 CFU mL−1 against pathogenic Leptospira, which is also within the leptospiremia level. This is the first‐ever DNA aptamer and hybrid‐heterodimeric aptamer constructed against LipL32. The diagnostic potentiality of the LepDapt‐5a DNA aptamer was proven on three major diagnostic platforms, which are direct ELASA, sandwich ELASA, and aptamer‐based dot assay.
Influence of dietary protein on serum phosphorous levels in peritoneal dialysis patients with different initial transport function

Abstract Introduction This cross-sectional study investigated the influence of dietary protein intake (DPI) on serum phosphate levels in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and determined the DPI cutoff required to prevent hyperphosphatemia. Methods A total of 504 PD patients were categorized into fast (4 h dialysate/plasma [D/P] creatinine clearance ≥0.65) or slow (<0.65) peritoneal transporters. Serum phosphorus and peritoneal solute clearance were compared between the groups with different DPI. Results The fast peritoneal transporters (n = 233) were older, had lower serum albumin and phosphorus levels, and had higher peritoneal phosphorus clearance (all p < 0.001). Among the slow transporters (n = 271), serum phosphorus levels were significantly higher among patients with DPI > 1.0 g/kg/d (p < 0.001). High DPI only increased the hyperphosphatemia risk in slow transporters (not in high transporters). DPI ≥1.026 g increased the hyperphosphatemia risk in those patients (area under the curve: 0.66, p = 0.001). Conclusion High DPI increases the hyperphosphatemia risk in PD patients with slower peritoneal transport function.
Uniqueness for a hyperbolic inverse problem with angular control on the coefficients

Abstract Suppose qi (x), i = 1, 2 are smooth functions on and Ui (x, t) the solutions of the initial value problem , Ui (x, t) = 0 for t < 0. Pick R, T so that 0 < R < T and let C be the vertical cylinder {(x, t) : |x| = R, R ≤ t ≤ T}. We show that if (U 1, U 1r ) = (U 2, U 2r ) on C then q1 = q2 on the annular region R ≤ |x| ≤ (R + T)/2 provided there is a γ > 0, independent of r, so that ∫|x| = r | Δ S (q1 – q2 )|2 dSx ≤ γ ∫|x| = r |q1 – q2 |2 dSx for all r ∈ [R, (R + T/2)]. Here Δ S is the spherical Laplacian on |x| = r.
Long‐Term Recording of Subthalamic Aperiodic Activities and Beta Bursts in Parkinson's Disease

Local field potentials (LFPs) represent the summation of periodic (oscillations) and aperiodic (fractal) signals. Although previous studies showed changes in beta band oscillations and burst characteristics of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in Parkinson's disease (PD), how aperiodic activity in the STN is related to PD pathophysiology is unknown.
Changes in Body Mass Index Are Associated with Squamous Cell Carcinomas of Oral Cavity, Oropharynx and Larynx: A Case-Control Study in Brazil

Abstract Head and neck cancer (HNC) significantly impacts nutritional status because the tumor limits swallowing function. In this sense, it is important to monitor the nutritional status throughout the life of any individual. A multicenter case-control study was carried out to analyze the BMI at 30 years of age, two years before diagnosis and at the time of diagnosis of individuals with oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx cancers. It was observed that a 5% reduction in BMI during the two years before enrollment was associated with an increased risk of the oral cavity (OR = 3.73), oropharyngeal OR = 5.25), and laryngeal (OR = 5.22). Reduced BMI of more than 5% over two years before diagnosis was associated with HNC. Weight loss remained significant at diagnosis, but it is not possible to exclude reverse causality since most cases are at an advanced stage. BMI monitoring of individuals at potential risk for HNC can promote early diagnosis and nutritional interventions for HNC.
Avoidance for set-theoretic solutions of mean-curvature-type flows

We provide a self-contained treatment of set-theoretic subsolutions to flow by mean curvature, or, more generally, to flow by mean curvature plus an ambient vector field. The ambient space can be any smooth Riemannian manifold. Most importantly, we show that if two such set-theoretic subsolutions are initially disjoint, then they remain disjoint as long as one of the subsolutions is compact; previously, this was only known for Euclidean space (with no ambient vectorfield).
Laplacian Transductive Optimal Design for Face Classification

The problem of face classification is essentially a nonlinear subspace classification problem. The features of different face samples lie on different nonlinear subspaces. If the most representative samples of each subspace are selected as the training set, we can enhance the reliability of the classification, as well as reduce the computation. In this paper, a manifold based active learning algorithm, called Laplacian Transductive Optimal Design (LTOD), is presented to select the most representative samples. LTOD reconstructs each sample by the graph Laplacian matrix to make sure that the reconstructed samples and the original samples share the same manifold structure. Then, the samples which can be used to best reconstruct the whole sample set are selected as the training set. The experimental results on Yale face database have demonstrated the effectiveness of our method.