Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implications of Translesion DNA Synthesis Polymerases on Genomic Stability and Human Health

Abstract Replication fork arrest-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) caused by lesions are effectively suppressed in cells due to the presence of a specialized mechanism, commonly referred to as DNA damage tolerance (DDT). In eukaryotic cells, DDT is facilitated through translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) carried out by a set of DNA polymerases known as TLS polymerases. Another parallel mechanism, referred to as homology-directed DDT, is error-free and involves either template switching or fork reversal. The significance of the DDT pathway is well established. Several diseases have been attributed to defects in the TLS pathway, caused either by mutations in the TLS polymerase genes or dysregulation. In the event of a replication fork encountering a DNA lesion, cells switch from high-fidelity replicative polymerases to low-fidelity TLS polymerases, which are associated with genomic instability linked with several human diseases including, cancer. The role of TLS polymerases in chemoresistance has been recognized in recent years. In addition to their roles in the DDT pathway, understanding noncanonical functions of TLS polymerases is also a key to unraveling their importance in maintaining genomic stability. Here we summarize the current understanding of TLS pathway in DDT and its implication for human health.
Effect of explicit and implicit FFI on EFL learners' implicit and explicit knowledge of simple and difficult morphosyntactic features

This study investigated the relative effects of explicit and implicit form-focused instruction (FFI) on the acquisition of four simple and difficult morphosyntactic features as assessed by explicit and implicit outcome measures. Four tests were utilized to assess L2 learners' acquisition: elicited oral imitation, timed and untimed grammaticality judgment, and metalinguistic knowledge tests. A pretest and two posttests were administered to 120 low pre-intermediate learners immediately and three weeks after the instructional treatments. Durable effects of FFI were found for simple and difficult language forms on both measures of explicit and implicit L2 knowledge. More specifically, the present study indicated that explicit FFI was significantly more beneficial for simple language features chosen according to their degree of difficulty based on the explicit knowledge criteria and implicit FFI was significantly more beneficial for simple language features selected according to their degree of difficulty based on the implicit knowledge criteria. The findings may promise implications for our understanding of the efficacy of explicit and implicit FFI on L2 learners’ controlled and spontaneous use of simple and difficult forms at early stages of L2 acquisition.
The ages of exoplanet hosts and field stars

The thesis aims at homogeneously determining the ages of exoplanet hosts and generic field stars using stellar evolutionary tracks and isochrones computed with the PAdova & TRieste Stellar Evolutionary Code (PARSEC), v. 1.0. To achieve this goal, we fully developed two algorithms (MatLab/Octave language) based on two different statistical approaches: one is frequentistic, the other is Bayesian. The algorithms have been tested on several samples of synthetic stars, in order to evaluate their reliability and put in evidence their limits. After that, we applied our custom-developed algorithms to two different samples of stars, belonging to the same spectral type range. They were essentially main-sequence G type stars located in the solar neighbourhood. One sample is made up of planet-hosting stars, while the other contains field stars that do not harbour planets, as far as we know. First of all, we found that the age distribution of stars harbouring transiting planets is similar to that of stars whose planets have been discovered through the radial velocity technique. This suggests that these two subsets of stars with planets suffer essentially the same selection effects. Finally we homogeneously compare planet-hosting stars with field stars. The histograms displaying the two age distributions peaks in the same age bin, i.e. [3, 3.5) Gyr, and have the same median age, that is 4.8 Gyr. The median age is very similar to that of the Sun. On the one hand, this suggests that our star is in the typical evolutionary stage characterizing G-type stars of the solar neighbourhood. On the other hand, a median age of 4.8 Gyr results to be older than the typical age that is assumed for the thin disc, where the analyzed stars are located. The selection we made in spectral type does introduce a bias. Moreover, it is likely that the sampling of stars limited only to the solar neighbourhood is not representative of the entire thin disc. By extending the analysis to farther distances, so that to include young star-forming regions such as the Taurus-Auriga complex or the Orion Nebula, we expect to collect much more young stars.
Frequency of posttrauma complications during hospital admission and their association with Injury Severity Score

Objective Multiple trauma is associated with a remarkable risk of in-hospital complications, which harm healthcare services and patients. This study aimed to assess the incidence of posttrauma complications, their relationship with poor outcomes, and the effect of the Injury Severity Score (ISS) on their occurrence. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a pair of trauma centers, between January 2020 and December 2022. All hospitalized adult patients with multiple trauma were included in this study. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors related to posttrauma complications. Results Among 727 multiple trauma patients, 90 (12.4%) developed in-hospital complications. The most frequent complications were pneumonia (4.8%), atelectasis (3.7%), and superficial surgical site infection (2.5%). According to multivariable logistic regression, ISS, the length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), the length of stay in the hospital, and mortality were significantly associated with complications. The complication rate increased by 17% with every single-unit increase in ISS (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–1.38). Per every 1-day increase in the ICU or hospital stay, the complication rate increased by 65% (adjusted OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.00–2.73) and 20% (adjusted OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.03–1.41), respectively. Posttrauma complications were also significantly more common in patients with mortality (adjusted OR, 163.30; 95% CI, 3.04–8,779.32). In multiple trauma patients with a higher ISS, the frequency, severity, and number of complications were significantly increased. Conclusion In-hospital complications in multiple trauma patients are frequent and associated with poor outcomes and mortality. ISS is an important factor associated with posttrauma complications.
Refractive index sensor based on multi-mode plastic optical fiber with long period grating

A multi-mode plastic optical fiber (POF) with a long period grating (LPG) was proposed for a refractive index (RI) sensing probe. The LPG was fabricated on the surface of the POF by a simple die-press-print method using a commercial available thread rod as the mould. The RI sensing performances for straight and U-shaped POFs with LPGs were studied. It is found that the straight RI sensing probe with LPG structure was not sensitive enough for RI measurement. After bending the straight POF probes with LPGs into U-shaped probes, the RI sensing performance was improved markedly. By altering the structural parameters, the RI sensing performances of the U-shaped POF probes with LPGs were optimized, a sensitivity of 1130%/RIU with a resolution of 8.44×10-4 in the RI range of 1.33-1.41 was obtained. The probe is a low cost solution for RI sensing purpose, which has the features of simple structure, easy fabrication, compact size and intensity modulation at visible wavelengths.
HNRNPU's multi‐tasking is essential for proper cortical development

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU) is a nuclear protein that plays a crucial role in various biological functions, such as RNA splicing and chromatin organization. HNRNPU/scaffold attachment factor A (SAF‐A) activities are essential for regulating gene expression, DNA replication, genome integrity, and mitotic fidelity. These functions are critical to ensure the robustness of developmental processes, particularly those involved in shaping the human brain. As a result, HNRNPU is associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders (HNRNPU‐related neurodevelopmental disorder, HNRNPU‐NDD) characterized by developmental delay and intellectual disability. Our research demonstrates that the loss of HNRNPU function results in the death of both neural progenitor cells and post‐mitotic neurons, with a higher sensitivity observed in the former. We reported that HNRNPU truncation leads to the dysregulation of gene expression and alternative splicing of genes that converge on several signaling pathways, some of which are likely to be involved in the pathology of HNRNPU‐related NDD.
Minimum Sum Algorithm Decoder for LDPC Nonregular Parity Check Matrix in BPSK System

Referring to the approximate lower triangular low-density parity-check code check matrix of the IEEE P802.11n™/D1.04 (Part 11: Wireless Local Area Network Medium Access Control and Physical Layer speciflcations), this study established a decoder based on LabVIEW program language on a single program architecture that can adjust the transmission end to generate diverse codeword patterns, including three subblock sizes (27, 54, and 81bit) and four code rates (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, and 5/6). Combined with the minimum sum algorithm (MSA), the decoder completed decoding tasks by changing the check node and variable node structures on the basis of the selected subblock size and code rate. In addition to providing an introduction on the decoding mechanism of the MSA and completing decoding program optimization and analysis of bit error rate(BER) performance curves, this study applied the LabVIEW program to simulate the BER of the ratio of energy per bit to the spectral noise density (Eb/No) at each point from 0 to 10dB, when subblock sizes (27, 54, and 81bit) were combined with code rates (1/2, 2/3, and 5/6) operating in an additive white Gaussian noise channel environment. The error rate performance curve diagrams of two studies were referenced (regular weight (3, 6) and 802.11n irregular subblock size 27bit combined with code rate 5/6) and compared with the simulation outcome yielded in this study. The result showed that the subblock size did not afiect the error rate, but the code rates substantially afiected the error rates. When the code rate was set to 1/2, the error correction performance of the irregular check matrix was considerably higher than that of the regular check matrix.
Electron beam energy measurement at the australian synchrotron storage ring

The technique of resonant spin depolarisation was used to precisely measure the electron beam energy in the storage ring at the Australian Synchrotron. A detector and data acquisition system dedicated to the measurement were developed. Using the system, the long term energy stability of the storage ring was monitored and a mechanical realignment of the ring was clearly seen in the energy measurement. Details of the parameters used to optimise the measurement are also discussed.
Numerical optimisation of pump absorption in doped double-clad fiber with transverse and longitudinal perturbation

We report on the impact of the cross-sectional shape of the inner cladding of double-clad fiber on pump absorption using a Beam Propagation Method based on azimuthal harmonics expansions and the so-called "superformula" to describe complex shapes. The impact of shaped cladding and of the fiber layout on pump absorption of double-clad fiber is studied. We observe that for nearly circular cross-section fibers the pump absorption can be enhanced to match that of fiber with strong azimuthal asymmetry, through optimised fiber layout that maximizes pump mixing.
Is suicide a mental health, public health or societal problem?

Purpose of review Suicide is a complex phenomenon wherein multiple parameters intersect: psychological, medical, moral, religious, social, economic and political. Over the decades, however, it has been increasingly and almost exclusively come to be viewed through a biomedical prism. Colonized thus by health and more specifically mental health professionals, alternative and complimentary approaches have been excluded from the discourse. The review questions many basic premises, which have been taken as given in this context, particularly the ‘90 percent statistic’ derived from methodologically flawed psychological autopsy studies. Recent findings An alternative perspective posits that suicide is a societal problem which has been expropriated by health professionals, with little to show for the efficacy of public health interventions such as national suicide prevention plans, which continue to be ritually rolled out despite a consistent record of repeated failures. This view is supported by macro-level data from studies across national borders. Summary The current framing of suicide as a public health and mental health problem, amenable to biomedical interventions has stifled seminal discourse on the subject. We need to jettison this tunnel vision and move on to a more inclusive approach.
Toward a Real-World Technical Test Battery for Remote Microphone Systems Used with Hearing Prostheses

Remote microphones (RMs) enable clearer reception of speech than would be normally achievable when relying on the acoustic sound field at the listener's ear (Hawkins, J Sp Hear Disord 49, 409–418, 1984). They are used in a wide range of environments, with one example being for children in educational settings. The international standards defining the assessment methods of the technical performance of RMs rely on free-field (anechoic) delivery, a rarely met acoustic scenario. Although some work has been offered on more real-world testing (Husstedt et al., Int J Audiol 61, 34–45. 2022), the area remains under-investigated. The electroacoustic performance of five RMs in a low-reverberation room was compared in order to assess just the RM link, rather than measurements at the end of the signal chain, for example, speech intelligibility in human observers. It pilots physical- and electro-acoustic measures to characterize the performance of RMs. The measures are based on those found in the IEC 60118 standards relating to hearing aids, but modified for diffuse-field delivery, as well as adaptive signal processing. Speech intelligibility and quality are assessed by computer models. Noise bands were often processed into irrelevance by adaptive systems that could not be deactivated. Speech-related signals were more successful. The five RMs achieved similar levels of good predicted intelligibility, for each of two background noise levels. The main difference observed was in the transmission delay between microphone and ear. This ranged between 40 and 50 ms in two of the systems, on the upper edge of acceptability necessary for audio-visual synchrony.
Cariprazine in Pediatric Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Results of a Pharmacokinetic, Safety and Tolerability Study

Objective: Cariprazine is a dopamine D3-preferring D3/D2 and serotonin 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist approved to treat adults with schizophrenia and manic/mixed or depressive episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. This study, which is the first to evaluate cariprazine in pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (including children 5–9 years of age) using an oral solution formulation, evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and exploratory efficacy of cariprazine and its two major active metabolites, desmethyl cariprazine (DCAR) and didesmethyl cariprazine (DDCAR). Methods: This clinical pharmacology, open-label, multiple-dose study enrolled 25 pediatric patients from 5 to 17 years of age, who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria for ASD. All patients began treatment with cariprazine 0.5 mg once daily (QD) and underwent a titration over 7 days to maintenance doses of 1.5 or 3 mg QD for patients 13–17 years of age at Screening, 0.75 or 1.5 mg QD for patients 10–12 years of age at Screening, and 0.5 or 1.5 mg QD for patients 5–9 years of age at Screening. After 6 weeks total of dosing, there was a 6-week follow-up period. Study assessments included adverse events (AEs), safety parameters, noncompartmental PK parameters, and exploratory efficacy assessments, including the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Irritability Subscale (ABC-I), Clinical Global Impressions (CGI-S), Caregiver Global Impressions (CgGI-S), Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsiveness Scale Modified for ASD (CYBOCS-ASD), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS-III). Results: All AEs were mild or moderate in severity. Most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were increased weight, increased alanine aminotransferase, increased appetite, dizziness, agitation, and nasal congestion. Increases in weight were not considered clinically meaningful. Two subjects reported extrapyramidal symptom-related TEAEs that resolved without leading to discontinuation. Dose-normalized exposures of all analytes were modestly higher in pediatric patients from 5 to 9 years of age when compared to older patients. Consistent with previous studies, at steady state, the rank of exposure in plasma was DDCAR > cariprazine > DCAR. There was numerical improvement on all exploratory endpoints (ABC-I, CGI-S, CgGI-S, CYBOCS-ASD, SRS, and VABS-III). Conclusions: PK of cariprazine and its metabolites were characterized in pediatric patients with ASD at doses up to 3 mg QD (13–17 years) and 1.5 mg QD (5–12 years). Caripazine treatment was generally well tolerated and results from this study will inform the selection of appropriate pediatric doses for subsequent studies.
On Kähler metrics in lorentzian manifolds

Elementary complex differential geometry is adapted for a Lorentzian ( + - - - ) signature of the metric. It is shown that the only Kahlerian solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell, and the vacuum with cosmological constant field equations are respectively the Bertotti-Robinson and the Nariai metric.
Hierarchical Clustering for Development Equality Analysis: Indonesian Data of Educational Support (2011 – 2014)

Indonesia which contains more than 30 provinces with the decentralization system needs to identify its development equality. Because inequality in development performance will bring disparity among provinces. At present, the development monitoring is using the indicator’s values and comparing those values among provinces. There are no tools which could be used to identify the general development performance, moreover regarding the equality. This research wants to see the possibility of using hierarchical clustering to observe this equality, especially on educational support development. In result, the graph which is plotted using the dissimilarity values as a side result of hierarchical clustering could describe the trend of the equality.
Approximation des signaux: approches variationnelles et modèles aléatoires

A probabilistic model and a variational method are being studied for sparse approximation. The variational method use a L2 data term regularized by a mixed norm. These mixed norms are used to structure the sparsity. The resulted functionals can be minimized by iterative algorithms which convergence is proved. These mixed norms give estimates by "generalized thresholding operators". These operators are then modified to localize them or to introduce more persistence. The probabilistic one uses a model a priori of signals as sparse random series of waveforms, with random coefficients chosen in an union of two orthonormal basis. The pdf of these coefficients involve two levels of randomness : the position in the time-frequency space, and the value. The study of analysis coefficients allows us to estimate the time-frequency maps by classification. The signal is then estimated by an orthogonal projection on these maps, and one obtains a decomposition into two layers and a residual.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals the regulatory mechanism underlying the indirubin-mediated amelioration of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice

Abstract Context Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists are potential therapeutic agents for ulcerative colitis (UC). Indirubin (IDR), which is a natural AhR ligand approved for leukemia treatment, ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. However, the therapeutic mechanisms of IDR are unknown, limiting its application. Objective This study explores the therapeutic mechanisms of IDR in DSS-induced colitis using transcriptomic analysis. Materials and methods Male BALB/c mice were categorized to six groups: normal, DSS model (2% DSS), IDR treatment (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg), and sulfasalazine (520 mg/kg) groups. The drugs were intragastrically administered for 7 consecutive days. The disease activity index (DAI) was recorded. After euthanasia, the colon length was measured, and histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry staining using F4/80, and colonic transcriptomic analysis were conducted. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting (WB) were conducted to verify our findings. Results Compared with DSS, IDR treatment decreased the DAI score by 64.9% and increased colon length by 26.2%. Moreover, it alleviated mucosal injury and reduced macrophage infiltration. Transcriptomic analysis identified several downregulated genes (Igkvs and Nlrp3), as well as Nlrp3/Il1β and hemoglobin gene networks, after IDR treatment. The abundances of NF-κB p65, NLRP3, IL-1β, and HBA decreased by 69.1, 59.4, 81.1, and 83.0% respectively, after IDR treatment. Discussion and conclusion Apart from the well-documented NF-κB signalling pathway, IL-17A, and NLRP3-IL-1β, the suppression of haemoglobin-induced lipid peroxidation could be a previously unknown mechanism of IDR. Our study can help improve its application for UC treatment.
Long COVID as a never-ending puzzle: the experience of primary care physicians.

BACKGROUND Long COVID provides a new context in which primary healthcare needs to be reexamined, especially because it has health and social dimensions. The experiences of care for patients with long COVID and primary care physicians' perceptions are an unexplored area. AIM To explore the experiences of Slovenian primary care physicians in management and treatment of patients with long COVID. DESIGN & SETTING A qualitative interview study in Slovenian primary care was carried out between November 2021 and April 2022. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were held with physicians that had treated patients with long COVID until saturation was reached. Qualitative content analysis (QCA) was used to analyze the data collected. RESULTS Seventeen participants were interviewed. Six categories were defined based on the coding process: the definition and symptoms of long COVID; social exclusion, sick leave, returning to the work environment, cooperation with rehabilitation centers and the importance of trust and good communication with the patient. CONCLUSION The study shows the experiences of Slovenian primary care physicians in the management and treatment of long COVID. The problems related to long COVID were divided into two groups: health problems and psycho-social problems. Slovenian physicians have the greatest problems with dealing with the patient's ability to work. It was found that adequate communication and trust between physicians and patients are two important indicators for an integrated model of managing long COVID.