Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human embryonic stem cells derivatives enable full reconstruction of the pluristratified epidermis.

Background: Cell therapy for large burns has successfully made use of autologous epidermis reconstructed in vitro for more than two decades. One limit to the efficacy of the current procedures is the need for a long lasting expansion of the patient's own keratinocytes. Immediate access to unlimited amounts of human epidermis may contribute to protect patients awaiting autologous grafts. The keratinocyte progeny of human embryonic stem cells is an interesting candidate for such a role, provided they are fully capable of reconstructing a pluristratified epidermis. Methods: Human embryonic stem cells were seeded on fibroblasts feeder cells during forty days in a medium supplemented with BMP4 (0.5 nM) and ascorbic acid (0.3 mM). A molecular characterization of cell differentiation was performed all along the process by quantitative-PCR, fluorescence activated cell sorting and immunocytochemical techniques. Keratinocyte molecular differentiation and functional capacity to construct a human epidermis were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Finding: Using a protocol that respected the chronobiology of epidermis formation during human ontogenesis, we have generated a homogenous population of cells exhibiting all phenotypic characteristics of basal keratinocytes from hESC. These cells readily constructed a pluristratified epidermis displaying normal human characteristics after seeding on an artificial matrix, and either secondarily grown in vitro or else transplanted in immunodeficient mice. Interpretation: Human embryonic stem cells can be coaxed to differentiate into basal keratinocytes that are fully functional, i.e. construct a pluristratified epidermis. This resource may be developed to provide temporary skin substitutes to patients awaiting autologous grafts.
Recent (1986 - 2006) Vegetation-Specific NDVI Trends in Northern Canada from Satellite Data

Recent northern vegetation changes caused by climate warming have been well documented, using experimental plot warming to examine vegetation-specific changes and satellite image data to examine overall trends. Previous remote sensing efforts have employed the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from AVHRR, whose 1 km to 8 km pixel size is too large for examination of broad scale vegetation-specific responses because of mixing within the pixel footprint. In this paper, we reconcile differences between field- and remote sensing-based approaches by using both medium-resolution (30 m) and coarse resolution (1 km) data to study 20 years of vegetation-specific responses to northern climate warming (1986 to 2006). Trends are compared among vegetation communities from two separate Landsat classifications in Canada’s eastern and western forest-tundra transition zone, as well as a 1 km AVHRR database recently developed over Canada. A comparison of absolute trends among mapped vegetation communities revealed lichen-dominated communities consistently exhibiting lower trends than those dominated by vascular plants, with both exhibiting increasing NDVI. Our results and those obtained from experimental warming suggest that the magnitude difference in NDVI increase between lichen and vascular vegetation is related to increasing vigor and biomass of vascular vegetation, in contrast to physiological impairment of lichen due to the short-term secondary effect of temperature on moisture. In the longer term, succession from lichen to vascular is likely responsible for the small observed NDVI increase over lichen-dominated regions. The fact that both Landsat and AVHRR exhibited similar relative vegetation-specific trends in NDVI suggests that this phenomenon may be widespread in the North.
A model for prediction of desert dust cycle in the atmosphere

An integrated modeling system has been developed to accurately describe the dust cycle in the atmosphere. It is based on the SKIRON/Eta modeling system and the Eta/NCEP regional atmospheric model. The dust modules of the entire system incorporate the state of the art parameterizations of all the major phases of the atmospheric dust life such as production, diffusion, advection, and removal. These modules also include effects of the particle size distribution on aerosol dispersion. The dust production mechanism is based on the viscous/turbulent mixing, shear-free convection diffusion, and soil moisture. In addition to these sophisticated mechanisms, very high resolution databases, including elevation, soil properties, and vegetation cover are utilized. The entire system is easily configurable and transferable to any place on the Earth, it can cover domains on almost any size, and its horizontal resolution can vary from about 100 km up to approximately 4 km. It can run on one-way-nested form if necessary. The performance of the system has been tested for various dust storm episodes, in various places and resolution using gridded analysis or forecasting fields from various sources (ECMWF and NCEP) for initial and boundary conditions. The system is in operational use during the last two years, providing 72 hour forecasts for the Mediterranean region. The results are available on the internet (http://www.icod.org.mt and http://forecast.uoa.gr).
MEASUREMENTS OF THE MESOSPHERE TEMPERATURE BY TWO MOLECULAR EMISSIONS IN YAKUTSK (62°N, 129,5°E)

The results of the hydroxyl and oxygen molecules rotational temperature measurements during two observational seasons 1999-2001 at Maymaga station (ϕ =63°N; λ=129.50°E) are presented. The rotational temperatures of OH(6,2) and O2(0,1) bands have been measured with the infrared spectrograph equipped by the cooled CCD registration system. It is shown that the amplitude of seasonal change of hydroxyl rotational temperature is greater than the molecular oxygen variation. OH temperatures have been systematically higher the O2 ones during winter. An abrupt decrease of the O2 intensity connected with the springtime transition of the atmospheric circulation is found in both time series. For the first time a change of the temperature vertical gradient sign caused by mesopause height displacement to a higher (winter) level was shown in the data of August- September 2001.
A Quantitative Measure for the Quality of INSAR Interferograms Based on Phase Differences

It is well-known that interferometric SAR (INSAR) is a technology for the generation of high-precision digital elevation models (DEM) and the precise measurement of terrain surface deformation. The accuracy of DEM and deformation measurement is highly dependent on the quality of the interferogram generated. Such an interferogram is constructed by a pointwise complex multiplication of corresponding pixels in both datasets, which are respectively contained in master image and registered image. An exanimation of existing literature reveals that there is no, good, quantitative measure for the quality of interferograms, and visual inspection is still the best solutions available so far. By visual inspection, one recognizes those interferograms with continuous fringes as good ones and regards those with many discontinuous interferograms and speckles as being not good. As the pixels in the interferogram represent the phase value values, it is natural to think that, if the quality is good, the phase differences between neighbor pixels should be small, and thus the sum of all phase differences will still be small. This leads to the proposal of “sum of phase differences” (SPD) as a quantitative measure for the quality of interferogram. Two simulation tests have been conducted, and the results show that the SPD is a reliable measure.
Weather variability and food consumption

This study examines the impact of weather variations on food consumption in rural Uganda. The paper relies on two-period panel data (2005/06-2009/10) combined with data on rainfall, number of rainy days and maximum and minimum temperatures. We find that higher temperatures have an adverse effect on food consumption. In contrast, food consumption is not substantially affected by rainfall variations. While evidence from qualitative interviews and trends in agricultural production suggest that households are adopting mitigation measures, the conclusion from the evidence assembled in this paper is that higher temperatures are associated with a decline in crop yields and food consumption.
Evaluation of DRAINMOD in Predicting Water Table Fluctuations and Yield of Canola in Paddy Fields (Case Study: Rasht, Iran)

A hydrological simulation model, DRAINMOD, was used to predict the performance of surface drainage and yield of canola as post-rice cultivation during wet growing season of 2004-2005 in Rasht-Iran. The DRAINMOD model was evaluated on performance of surface drainage with 2 m spacings and 15 cm drain depth as compared with 4×10 m2 plots having no drainage. The results showed that DRAINMOD model was well able to predict water table fluctuations. Evaluation of predicted daily water table depths as compared with measured values shows that the root mean square error (RMSE) was about 8 cm for both treatments. Predicted water table depth was, on average about 4% less than the measured water table depths for the surface drainage treatment and 17% less for the no drainage treatment. Accurate measurement of deep seepage is required to improve performance of the model. Results also showed DRAINMOD was capable of predicting relative yield of canola for both treatments. Poor aeration as a result of excess soil moisture could be related as the main reason for yield reduction.
Loss of heme oxygenase 2 causes reduced expression of genes in cardiac muscle development and contractility and leads to cardiomyopathy in mice

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common breathing disorder that affects a significant portion of the adult population. In addition to causing excessive daytime sleepiness and neurocognitive effects, OSA is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease; however, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Using exposure to intermittent hypoxia (IH) to mimic OSA, we have recently reported that mice exposed to IH exhibit endothelial cell (EC) activation, which is an early process preceding the development of cardiovascular disease. Although widely used, IH models have several limitations such as the severity of hypoxia, which does not occur in most patients with OSA. Recent studies reported that mice with deletion of hemeoxygenase 2 (Hmox2-/-), which plays a key role in oxygen sensing in the carotid body, exhibit spontaneous apneas during sleep and elevated levels of catecholamines. Here, using RNA-sequencing we investigated the transcriptomic changes in aortic ECs and heart tissue to understand the changes that occur in Hmox2-/- mice. In addition, we evaluated cardiac structure, function, and electrical properties by using echocardiogram and electrocardiogram in these mice. We found that Hmox2-/- mice exhibited aortic EC activation. Transcriptomic analysis in aortic ECs showed differentially expressed genes enriched in blood coagulation, cell adhesion, cellular respiration and cardiac muscle development and contraction. Similarly, transcriptomic analysis in heart tissue showed a differentially expressed gene set enriched in mitochondrial translation, oxidative phosphorylation and cardiac muscle development. Analysis of transcriptomic data from aortic ECs and heart tissue showed loss of Hmox2 gene might have common cellular network footprints on aortic endothelial cells and heart tissue. Echocardiographic evaluation showed that Hmox2-/- mice develop progressive dilated cardiomyopathy and conduction abnormalities compared to Hmox2+/+ mice. In conclusion, we found that Hmox2-/- mice, which spontaneously develop apneas exhibit EC activation and transcriptomic and functional changes consistent with heart failure.
American literature news narration based on computer web technology

Driven by internet technology, online has become the main way of news dissemination, but redundant information such as navigation bars and advertisements affects people’s access to news content. The research aims to enable users to obtain pure news content from redundant web information. Firstly, based on the narrative characteristics of literary news, the Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) algorithm is employed to extract pure news content from the analyzed web pages. The algorithm uses keyword matching, text analysis, and semantic processing to determine news content’s boundaries and key information. Secondly, the news text classification algorithm (support vector machine, K-nearest neighbor, AdaBoost algorithm) is selected through comparative experiments. The news extraction system based on keyword feature and extended Document Object Model (DOM) tree is constructed. DOM technology analyzes web page structure and extracts key elements and information. Finally, the research can get their narrative characteristics by studying the narrative sequence and structure of 15 American literary news reports. The results reveal that the most used narrative sequence in American literary news is sequence and flashback. The narrative duration is dominated by the victory rate and outline, supplemented by scenes and pauses. In addition, 53.3% of the narrative structures used in literary news are time-connected. This narrative structure can help reporters have a clear conceptual structure when writing, help readers quickly grasp and understand the context of the event and the life course of the protagonists in the report, and increase the report’s readability. This research on the narrative characteristics of American literature news can provide media practitioners with a reference on news narrative techniques and strategies.
The impact mechanism of China’s green finance on the transformation and innovation of high-energy-consumption enterprises

The development of green finance and the promotion of green transformation and upgrading of high energy-consuming enterprises are of great significance for China to achieve the "double carbon" goal. This paper employs a dual fixed-effects model to examine the profound ramifications and intrinsic mechanisms of green finance development on the transformative innovation of high-energy-consumption enterprises, using a sample of 462 publicly traded high-energy-consuming corporations from the period spanning 2016 to 2020. The results show that the development of green finance promotes the transformation and innovation of energy-intensive enterprises and that market-incentivized environmental regulation plays a partially mediating role; the results of heterogeneity analysis show that green finance promotes the transformation and innovation of high energy-consuming enterprises with significant differences in different low-carbon pilot regions, company ownership, and enterprise size; the mechanism analysis shows that the development of green finance can increase government subsidies and alleviate financing constraints to promote the transformation and innovation of high energy-consuming enterprises; it is also found that the development of green finance can significantly improve the financial performance of enterprises. The research findings of this paper hold significant implications for promoting the sustainable development of green finance and high-energy consumption enterprises in China. They provide valuable insights and references for facilitating the green transformation and innovation of high-energy-consuming enterprises in China as well as other developing countries.
Probabilistic Multisite Statistical Downscaling for Daily Precipitation Using a Bernoulli–Generalized Pareto Multivariate Autoregressive Model

AbstractA Bernoulli–generalized Pareto multivariate autoregressive (BMAR) model is proposed in this paper for multisite statistical downscaling of daily precipitation. The proposed model relies on a probabilistic framework to describe the conditional probability density function of precipitation at each station for a given day and handles multivariate dependence in both time and space using a multivariate autoregressive model. Within a probabilistic framework, BMAR employs a regression model whose outputs are parameters of the mixed Bernoulli–generalized Pareto distribution. As a stochastic component, the BMAR employs a latent multivariate autoregressive Gaussian field to preserve lag-0 and lag-1 cross correlations of precipitation at multiple sites. The proposed model is applied for the downscaling of AOGCM data to daily precipitation in the southern part of Quebec, Canada. Reanalysis products are used in this study to assess the potential of the proposed method. Based on the mean errors (MEs), the root-.
Unbiased gene expression analysis of the delayed fracture healing observed in Zucker diabetic fatty rats

Aims Impaired fracture repair in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to characterize the local changes in gene expression (GE) associated with diabetic fracture. We used an unbiased approach to compare GE in the fracture callus of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats relative to wild-type (WT) littermates at three weeks following femoral osteotomy. Methods Zucker rats, WT and homozygous for leptin receptor mutation (ZDF), were fed a moderately high-fat diet to induce T2DM only in the ZDF animals. At ten weeks of age, open femoral fractures were simulated using a unilateral osteotomy stabilized with an external fixator. At three weeks post-surgery, the fractured femur from each animal was retrieved for analysis. Callus formation and the extent of healing were assessed by radiograph and histology. Bone tissue was processed for total RNA extraction and messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing (mRNA-Seq). Results Radiographs and histology demonstrated impaired fracture healing in ZDF rats with incomplete bony bridge formation and an influx of intramedullary inflammatory tissue. In comparison, near-complete bridging between cortices was observed in Sham WT animals. Of 13,160 genes, mRNA-Seq analysis identified 13 that were differentially expressed in ZDF rat callus, using a false discovery rate (FDR) threshold of 10%. Seven genes were upregulated with high confidence (FDR = 0.05) in ZDF fracture callus, most with known roles in inflammation. Conclusion These findings suggest that elevated or prolonged inflammation contributes to delayed fracture healing in T2DM. The identified genes may be used as biomarkers to monitor and treat delayed fracture healing in diabetic patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(10):657–666.
Analysis of AOMDV and OLSR Routing Protocols Under Levy-Walk Mobility Model and Gauss-Markov Mobility Model for Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper we have compared AOMDV and OLSR routing protocol using Levy-Walk Mobility Model and Gauss-Markov Mobility Model. OLSR is a proactive, table-driven, link state routing protocol while AOMDV is a reactive routing protocol. Besides eyeing the details of comparing a proactive routing protocol with reactive routing protocol we try to address the circumstantial effect of these mobility models on the routing protocols. Mobility models should symbolize the precise movement of nodes. A thorough investigation of these routing protocols over mobility models which reflect real world scenarios are very important as it affects the overall performance of the network. Part of the results obtained in this paper is in conjugation with (20) thus providing a thorough reference for other research works. Various metrics like packet delivery ratio, average network delay, network throughput, routing overhead and average energy consumption have been considered by varying the mobility speed and the traffic load in the network. Under traffic load scenario the results obtained for AOMDV and OLSR routing protocols contradicted each other for Levy-Walk and Gauss-Markov Mobility Models. But the same could not be said for the two routing protocols when compared under varying mobile speed. We also claim that our paper is the first to compare these two routing protocols with Levy-Walk and Gauss-Markov as the underlying Mobility Models.
Carbon sequestration in organic and conventional managed soils in the Netherlands

Next to other important agronomic and ecological aspects, the organic matter sequestration in the soil plays an important role in the CO2 balance. Based on detailed farm registrations, the input of effective organic matter and the changes in carbon sequestration in the soil was calculated for a large number of organic and conventional farms in the Netherlands. Results show that both organic and conventional management resulted in a decrease of the pool of organic carbon in the soil. The average decrease for the conventional management was 401 kg ha -1 year -1 and for the organic management 261 kg ha -1 year -1 . The input of effective organic matter in the soil was significantly higher in organic than in conventional farms. Animal manure was the main contributor to this difference.
Comparing the solar minima of cycles 22/23 and 23/24: The view from LASCO white light coronal images

The Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph LASCO‐C2 aboard SOHO has now completed 17 years (1996–2012) of quasi‐continuous white‐light imaging of the corona from 2.2 to 6.5 solar radii, thus allowing an unprecedented view of its evolution over a solar cycle and a half including the minima of solar cycles 22/23 and 23/24. The corrected and calibrated polarization sequences produce images of the radiance (B), the polarized radiance (pB), and the electron density Ne of the K corona, and, in turn, of their synoptic maps. Their temporal variations are quantified by integration first globally, then in the north and south hemispheres, and finally, in sectors of 30° latitudinal extent centered along the equatorial and polar directions. The global radiance of the K corona follows well the solar activity as described by the sunspot number and the radio flux and was 24% fainter during the minimum of solar cycle 23/24 than during that of cycle 22/23. However, the two hemispheres experienced different reductions, 17% for the north one and 29% for the south one. The equatorial sector suffered a drastic reduction of 44%, in remarkable agreement with the in situ measurements of Wind and ACE at 1 AU, whereas the north and south polar sectors did not experience much variation. Cycle 23 is estimated to have lasted 12 years and 3 months. Maximum conditions have been reached in the northern region, whereas the southern region is still lagging. Finally, the rate of coronal mass ejections follows well the solar activity.
Dynamical and Microphysical Characteristics of Arctic Clouds during BASE

Abstract In this study, observations from aircraft, Doppler radar, and LANDSAT are used to better understand dynamical and microphysical characteristics of low-level Arctic clouds for climate change studies. Observations during the Beaufort and Arctic Storms Experiment were collected over the southern Beaufort Sea and the northern Mackenzie River Basin during 1 September–14 October 1994. Measurements from the cases of 8 September and 24–25 September are analyzed. In situ observations were made by instruments mounted on a Convair-580 research aircraft. Reflectivity and radial winds were obtained from an X-band Doppler radar located near Inuvik. The reflectivity field from LANDSAT observations concurrent with the aircraft and radar observations was also obtained. Dynamical activity, representing vertical air velocity (wa) and turbulent fluxes, is found to be larger in cloud regions. The sizes of coherent structures (e.g., cells) are from 0.1 to 15 km as determined by wavelet analysis and time series of airc.