Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elitist Distance Based Pareto Genetic Unicast Routing Scheme with Always Best Connected Support

In this paper, an ABC (Always Best Connected) supported QoS (Quality of Service) unicast routing scheme is proposed. In the proposed scheme, in order to overcome difficulties on accurately measuring network link parameter values and exactly expressing user QoS requirements, the knowledge of the fuzzy mathematics and probability theory is introduced, and the range is used to describe these parameters; both of the users utility and the network providers utility are computed, and gaming analysis is taken to deal with profits of both the user and the network provider; EDPGA (Elitist Distance-based Pareto Genetic Algorithm) is used to find the specific QoS unicast path with Pareto optimum under Nash Equilibrium among all parties utilities achieved or approached. While comparing with unicast routing scheme based on Dijkstra and the game theory based fuzzy unicast QoS routing scheme, simulation results show that this proposed scheme is both feasible and effective.
Convergence conditions for random quantum circuits

Efficient methods for generating pseudorandomly distributed unitary operators are needed for the practical application of Haar-distributed random operators in quantum communication and noise estimation protocols. We develop a theoretical framework for analyzing pseudorandom ensembles generated through a random circuit composition. We prove that the measure over random circuits converges exponentially (with increasing circuit length) to the uniform (Haar) measure on the unitary group, though the rate for uniform convergence must decrease exponentially with the number of qubits. We describe how the rate of convergence for test functions associated with specific randomization tasks leads to weaker convergence conditions that may allow efficient random circuit constructions.
An Asymmetrical Dual Quasi-Z-Source Based 7-Level Inverter for PV Applications

This paper presents a new single-stage quasi-z-source (qZS) based power converter for Photovoltaic (PV) applications. This seamless topology is obtained by the fusion of two quasi-z-source networks with a 7-level cascaded multilevel inverter (MLI). The proposed converter requires fewer passive components and power switching devices compared to the seven-level topologies with impedance and quasi-impedance sources, reported in the literature. The proposed modulation technique achieves the required level of voltage boosting using the qZS networks while synthesizing seven levels in the output voltage waveform. While the proposed power converter can regulate the output voltage in the standalone mode, it can inject active power into the grid at Unity power factor (UPF) in the grid-connected mode of operation. This paper also aims to mitigate the leakage current, which is one of the major issues in transformerless PV inverters, by reducing the magnitude of voltage transitions in the parasitic capacitor and the suppression of higher-order harmonics in the ground leakage current. The steady-state and the dynamic performances of the proposed power converter during grid-connected mode of operation is assessed with simulation studies and are validated with experimental results.
Envelope density pattern around wide binary AGB stars : a dynamical model

Context. Various morphologies such as multi-concentric shells and spiral-like patterns have been observed around Proto-Planetary Nebulae and AGB stars. It is widely argued that the regular density patterns are produced by binary systems. Aims. The goal is to build up a simple dynamical model for the out-flowing circumstellar envelope around AGB stars in a wide binary system to explore the parameter dependence of the geometrical characteristics of column density patterns. Methods. For an AGB star in a wide binary system, the orbital motion of the star can be approximated as a series of pistons that simultaneously push out dust and gas along radial directions, but work in different oscillation phases. The piston model can fast produce column density patterns with high enough spatial resolutions for parameter dependence exploration. Results. The formation of 3D quasi-spherical density structure is induced by orbital motion of the AGB star. The column density pattern only depends on two parameters: eccentricity of the orbit e and the terminal outflow velocity to mean orbital velocity ratio. When viewed perpendicular to the orbital plane, spiral, broken spiral, and incomplete concentric shell patterns can be seen, while when viewed along the orbital plane, alternative concentric half-shell, egg-shell, and half-shell half-gap patterns will develop. Non-zero eccentricity causes asymmetry, while larger. makes a weaker pattern and helps bring out asymmetry. A spiral pattern may becomes broken when e > 0.4. The spiral center is always less than 12% of spiral pitch away from the orbit center. One should have more chances (similar to 80%) seeing spiral-like patterns than seeing concentric shells (similar to 20%) in the circumstellar envelope of wide binary AGB stars.
GRAVITY chromatic imaging of η Car’s core

Context. η Car is one of the most intriguing luminous blue variables in the Galaxy. Observations and models of the X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, and infrared emission suggest a central binary in a highly eccentric orbit with a 5.54 yr period residing in its core. 2D and 3D radiative transfer and hydrodynamic simulations predict a primary with a dense and slow stellar wind that interacts with the faster and lower density wind of the secondary. The wind-wind collision scenario suggests that the secondary’s wind penetrates the primary’s wind creating a low-density cavity in it, with dense walls where the two winds interact. However, the morphology of the cavity and its physical properties are not yet fully constrained. Aims. We aim to trace the inner ∼5–50 au structure of η Car’s wind-wind interaction, as seen through Brγ and, for the first time, through the He I 2s-2p line. Methods. We have used spectro-interferometric observations with the K-band beam-combiner GRAVITY at the VLTI. The analyses of the data include (i) parametrical model-fitting to the interferometric observables, (ii) a CMFGEN model of the source’s spectrum, and (iii) interferometric image reconstruction. Results. Our geometrical modeling of the continuum data allows us to estimate its FWHM angular size close to 2 mas and an elongation ratio ϵ = 1.06 ± 0.05 over a PA = 130° ± 20°. Our CMFGEN modeling of the spectrum helped us to confirm that the role of the secondary should be taken into account to properly reproduce the observed Brγ and He I lines. Chromatic images across the Brγ line reveal a southeast arc-like feature, possibly associated to the hot post-shocked winds flowing along the cavity wall. The images of the He I 2s-2p line served to constrain the 20 mas (∼50 au) structure of the line-emitting region. The observed morphology of He I suggests that the secondary is responsible for the ionized material that produces the line profile. Both the Brγ and the He I 2s-2p maps are consistent with previous hydrodynamical models of the colliding wind scenario. Future dedicated simulations together with an extensive interferometric campaign are necessary to refine our constraints on the wind and stellar parameters of the binary, which finally will help us predict the evolutionary path of η Car.
Is Protest Only Negative? Examining the Effect of Emotions and Affective Polarization on Protest Behaviour

This contribution sheds light on the link between affect and protest behaviors. Using data from a voter survey conducted around the 2019 elections in Belgium, we examine two dimensions of affect: a vertical one, i.e., negative and positive emotions towards politics in general, and a horizontal one, i.e., affective polarization towards fellow citizens. Our findings make three important contributions. First, we identify five distinct classes of respondents depending on their emotions towards politics (apathetic, angry, hopeful, highly emotional, and average). Second, we demonstrate that the combination of both anger and hope is more strongly associated with protest action than anger alone. By contrast, apathy, characterized by an absence of emotions towards politics, is negatively related to protest behavior. Third, we show that affective polarization is a key driver of protest behavior per se. We also show that the two dimensions of affect have distinctive effects. Yet they interact: Affective polarization towards political opponents compensates for the absence of emotions towards politics in general.
Tunneling-induced restoration of classical degeneracy in quantum kagome ice

Quantum effect is expected to dictate the behaviour of physical systems at low temperature. For quantum magnets with geometrical frustration, quantum fluctuation usually lifts the macroscopic classical degeneracy, and exotic quantum states emerge. However, how different types of quantum processes entangle wave functions in a constrained Hilbert space is not well understood. Here, we study the topological entanglement entropy (TEE) and the thermal entropy of a quantum ice model on a geometrically frustrated kagome lattice. We find that the system does not show a $Z_2$ topological order down to extremely low temperature, yet continues to behave like a classical kagome ice with finite residual entropy. Our theoretical analysis indicates an intricate competition of off-diagonal and diagonal quantum processes leading to the quasi-degeneracy of states and effectively, the classical degeneracy is restored.
Monte Carlo Studies of Quantum Critical Metals

Metallic quantum critical phenomena are believed to play a key role in many strongly correlated materials, including high-temperature superconductors. Theoretically, the problem of quantum criticality in the presence of a Fermi surface has proven to be highly challenging. However, it has recently been realized that many models used to describe such systems are amenable to numerically exact solution by quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) techniques, without suffering from the fermion sign problem. In this review, we examine the status of the understanding of metallic quantum criticality and the recent progress made by QMC simulations. We focus on the cases of spin-density wave and Ising nematic criticality. We describe the results obtained so far and their implications for superconductivity, non-Fermi liquid behavior, and transport near metallic quantum critical points. Some of the outstanding puzzles and future directions are highlighted.
SH2 domain‐containing protein tyrosine phosphatase‐2 is enriched in eyelid specimens of rosacea

Abstract Background Rosacea is a cutaneous disease that may secondarily affect the ocular surface. Due to the vision threatening, cosmetic, psychological, and work productivity impact, the identification of cellular targets that govern rosacea would enhance our understanding of the biology of the disease and delineate targets for therapeutic manipulation. Objective To characterize the involvement of SH2 domain‐containing protein tyrosine phosphatase‐2 (SHP2) in the pathogenesis of rosacea. Methods Specimens from elective ectropion surgery (n = 20) were processed from patients with rosacea (n = 10) and control patients (n = 10). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative western blotting (WB) were performed to identify and quantify the presence of SHP2 and 4G10 (a phosphotyrosine antibody) in rosacea compared to normal tissue. IHC samples were graded according to an intensity scale (0–4). Mann‐Whitney statistical analyses were performed via a dedicated computerized software package. Results On WB, SHP2 was expressed in higher concentrations in rosacea specimens (p < 0.05). On IHC, SHP2 was enriched in the epidermis in rosacea (p < 0.05), although 4G10 levels were not statistically significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions SHP2 is enriched in cutaneous specimens of rosacea, suggesting a critical role for this protein in the disease and indicating a modifiable therapeutic moiety.
A Multi-Agent System Using Decentralized Decision-Making Techniques for Area Surveillance and Intruder Monitoring

A decentralized swarm of quadcopters designed for monitoring an open area and detecting intruders is proposed. The system is designed to be scalable and robust. The most important aspect of the system is the swarm intelligent decision-making process that was developed. The rest of the algorithms essential for the system to be completed are also described. The designed algorithms were developed using ROS and tested with SITL simulations in the GAZEBO environment. The proposed approach was tested against two other similar surveilling swarms and one approach using static cameras. The addition of the real-time decision-making capability offers the swarm a clear advantage over similar systems, as depicted in the simulation results.
Towards Nonperaturbative Renormalizability of Quantum Einstein Gravity

We summarize recent evidence supporting the conjecture that four-dimensional Quantum Einstein Gravity (QEG) is nonperturbatively renormalizable along the lines of Weinberg's asymptotic safety scenario. This would mean that QEG is mathematically consistent and predictive even at arbitrarily small length scales below the Planck length. For a truncated version of the exact flow equation of the effective average action we establish the existence of a non-Gaussian renormalization group fixed point which is suitable for the construction of a nonperturbative infinite cutoff-limit. The cosmological implications of this fixed point are discussed, and it is argued that QEG might solve the horizon and flatness problem of standard cosmology without an inflationary period.
An Exploratory Study on Managing Fixed Customers: Cases of Australian B-to-B Business

This study explores whether three Australian companies enhance customer relationships using information provided by Fixed Revenue Accounting (FRA). Employed over a long period in Japan’s service culture, FRA uses accounting information to identify customer segments, assess the financial importance of fixed customers in particular, and set customer service strategies to maximize firm performance. A case study was conducted to explore whether FRA could be transferred to a non-Japanese business context. Data was collected through interviews guided by a structured questionnaire and analyzed by applying the KJ (Kawakita Jiro) method to categorize how interview respondents define fixed customers and assess their financial significance. For FRA to be successfully adopted, firms must share its underlying principles, follow its analytical procedures, and commit themselves to long-term customer relationships. We found this to be the case among the three Australian business-to-business enterprises. We conclude that FRA could be employed in Australia to establish favorable long-term customer relationships.
Russia, Eurasia and the Meaning of Crimea

Abstract The essay analyses Russia’s historical goals in Eurasia and argues that the geopolitical meaning of Russia’s annexation of Crimea is closely related to the Kremlin’s ambition to play a key role in structuring the region. Russia’s determination to remain a major power, along with the global power transition from the West-centred to an increasingly regionalised world, make Russia’s return to Eurasia important. The return to Eurasia has demonstrated its promise to facilitate increased commercial relations within the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) as well as with China and other Asian countries. The future of Eurasia and Russia’s role in the region remain uncertain, however, because major participants are yet to align their visions of Eurasia, while Russia itself has yet to consolidate its internal economic and state capabilities.
OCCUPATIONAL AREA, STRESS AND COPING STRATEGIES IN THE OUTBREAK OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The study investigates the levels of perceived stress and coping strategies of the participants in relation to their occupation. We argue that the levels of perceived stress vary in relation to the area of occupation and that there are specific coping strategies for dealing with stress among the representatives of the different areas of occupation. The study was conducted online via the Kwiksurveys platform. The data were collected during the period of first lock down - last week of March 2020. A total number of 688 people took part in the survey. Four occupational areas were distinguished – Social work, law or politics; Education and science; Economics and business; Engineering and IT. The method used collects socio-demographic data, measures perceived stress and distinguish coping strategies. The results reveal the highest levels of perceived stress among representatives working in the area of Education and Science. They use Categorical thinking, Naïve optimism and Esoteric thinking as coping strategies significantly more often than other groups. An interesting outcome is that Emotional Coping, Behavioural coping and Superstitious thinking seem to be universal coping strategies. Possible factors underlying the stress among the representatives of the most stressed group and possible implications of the results are discussed.
A Compact and Low-Loss Tunable Bandpass Filter Using YIG/GGG Film Structures

A compact and low-loss magnetically tunable bandpass filter (BPF) is presented in this letter. The yttrium iron garnet/gadolinium gallium garnet (YIG/GGG) film structure is regarded as a resonator excited by a stepped terminal short-circuited stripline, and additional metal rings are plated on the other side of the RO4350 substrate. Two YIG/GGG film structures placed in parallel are directly coupled. This structure enhances the RF magnetic field, reduces filter loss, and suppresses parasitic response. The filter design and geometrical parameter optimization are first carried out using CST Studio Suite. When the magnetic field changes from 1820 to 7420 Oe, the filter is tuned from 5 to 19 GHz, with a 3-dB bandwidth (BW) of 62–107 MHz, insertion loss (IL) of less than 2 dB, and parasitic response suppression of about 20 dB over the entire tuning range (TR).
Effects of all‐sky assimilation of GCOM‐W/AMSR2 radiances in the ECMWF numerical weather prediction system

This article assesses the impact of Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) radiances in the all‐sky assimilation of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Individual impacts of three microwave imagers including AMSR2 were examined by using a baseline experiment that had no microwave imager data. The three microwave imagers brought similar improvements in humidity, temperature and wind first‐guess (FG) fields in the troposphere. Improvements were found in fits to both analyses and other observations. Moreover, significant improvements in wind and geopotential height fields in the troposphere were found in day 3–6 forecasts. AMSR2 made larger improvements than other microwave imagers to geopotential height forecasts in the Northern Hemisphere. The use of AMSR2 radiance data in addition to the other existing microwave imagers gave mixed results. Consistent improvements in the FG fit to humidity observations were confirmed. However, the FG fit for several channels of the microwave temperature sounding instruments was degraded. The mean FG departure of AMSR2 showed biases that varied according to the time of day and meteorological conditions. The causes of the biases were identified as insufficient representation of the cloud liquid water path (LWP) in the forecast model under unstable conditions and insufficient amplitude of LWP diurnal variation in stratocumulus areas in the Tropics. The assimilation of too much biased data might start to bring negative effects for the analyses and forecasts, which for some parameters could outweigh the improvements in the assimilation. However, despite this, AMSR2 brought significant improvements of the geopotential height field in the Southern Hemisphere lower troposphere for day 5–7 forecasts.
Orientifolds of Gepner models

We systematically construct and study Type II Orientifolds based on Gepner models which have = 1 supersymmetry in 3+1 dimensions. We classify the parity symmetries and construct the crosscap states. We write down the conditions that a configuration of rational branes must satisfy for consistency (tadpole cancellation and rank constraints) and spacetime supersymmetry. For certain cases, including Type IIB orientifolds of the quintic and a two parameter model, one can find all solutions in this class. Depending on the parity, the number of vacua can be large, of the order of 1010? 1013. For other models, it is hard to find all solutions but special solutions can be found ? some of them are chiral. We also make comparison with the large volume regime and obtain a perfect match. Through this study, we find a number of new features of Type II orientifolds, including the structure of moduli space and the change in the type of O-planes under navigation through non-geometric phases.
Surface creasing of soft elastic continua as a Kosterlitz-Thouless transition

Harnessing a model from composite materials science, we show how microscopic crease and anticrease features may arise as quasi-particle excitations on the surface of a soft elastic material, where disorder and drive-induced strain fluctuations play the role of thermal fluctuations. These features appear above a critical strain fluctuation at which zero-length crease-anticrease pairs unbind, analogous to vortex unbinding in the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. Finite-length creases can be described in the same framework. Our predictions for crease surface profiles and onset strain agree with previous experiments, and further tests are proposed.
Analysis of R Genes Related to Blackcurrant Reversion Virus Resistance in the Comparative Transcriptome of Ribes nigrum cv. Aldoniai

Blackcurrant reversion virus (BRV) is the most destructive mite-transmitted pathogen in blackcurrants. The understanding of the resistance to BRV is limited, hindering and delaying the selection process. To identify the resistance (R) gene for BRV resistance, a gene expression analysis based on de novo blackcurrant cv. Aldoniai comparative transcriptome analysis (mock- and BRV-inoculated samples at 2 and 4 days post-inoculation (dpi)) was performed. In this study, 111 annotated clusters associated with pathogenesis according to conservative R gene domains were identified. In virus-infected samples, only Cluster-12591.33361 showed significant expression at 4 dpi. The expression profiles of this cluster were significantly associated with the presence of BRV particles in plant tissues, making it a putative R gene in the dominant resistance strategy in the BRV–Ribes nigrum interaction. The newly identified gene R. nigrum_R belongs to the CC-NBS-LRR class and has 63.9% identity with RPM1 in Populus spp. This study provides new insights on dominant putative R genes related to resistance to BRV in R. nigrum, which could aid targeted research and genetic improvement in breeding programs of blackcurrants.