Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling of elongated fine ferromagnetic particles

This paper presents some results of a numerical micromagnetic calculation for ferromagnetic fine particles. Two basic shapes are discussed: elongated parallelopipeds and parallelopipeds with pointed ends. The variation of coercivity, switching field, and reversal modes with particle size, orientation, and material parameters are discussed. Equilibrium magnetization structures suggest that particles may have remanent states that are substantially nonuniform. The flipping mode, in which the magnetization reversal starts from the longitudinal ends of the particles, is found to be the energetically favorable switching mechanism. Small particles are switched by the quasi‐coherent flipping mode, while large particles are reversed by the quasi‐curling flipping mode. The angular dependence of the coercive and switching fields for three particle sizes is found to agree qualitatively with classical results, but both fields are quantitatively smaller. The nucleation field is compared with the Stoner–Wohlfarth model .
The Consequence of Ignoring a Level of Nesting in Multilevel Analysis: A Comment

This short contribution is a comment on M. Moerbeek's exploration of consequences of ignoring a level of clustering in a multilevel model, which was published in the first issue of the 2004 volume of Multivariate Behavioral Research. After having recapitulated the framework and extended the results of Moerbeek's study, we formulate two critical notes. First, we point at the incompleteness of the conclusions drawn by Moerbeek from the analytical work. The second note is concerned with the limitations of the framework itself.
The scheme complexity of discrete optimization

We consider an approach to the problem of minimization of a linear form (a, x) over χ £ M C 5J, where a G R is an input vector, M = N/ = {χ: f ( x ) = 1), f ( x ) is a characteristic function of fc-valued logic. To estimate the complexity of search of the optimal point, we use the structure characteristic of the set Ν/, which is equal to the complexity of the scheme description of this set by means of functional elements in suitable bases. The complexity of descriptive schemes describing N/ and such that they are associated by a natural way with optimization schemes of the same complexity is also used. It is shown that there are essential analogues with the problems of synthesis of computing schemes from functional elements including the applicability of analogues of methods of the theory of control system to discrete optimization. In many cases this approach gives polynomial algorithms, not always being the best. Sometimes we may obtain a polynomial algorithm by means of a preliminary processing of the input vector a. This article is an extended version of the author's lecture on DC All-Union Conference on theoretical cybernetics.
BREMSSTRAHLUNG, SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, AND COMPTON SCATTERING OF HIGH- ENERGY ELECTRONS TRAVERSING DILUTE GASES.

Expressions are derived for the total energy loss and photon-production spectrum by the processes of Compton scattering, bremsstrahlung, and synchrotron radiation from highly relativistic electrons. For Compton scattering, the general case, the Thomson limit, and the extreme Klein-Nishina limit are considered. Bremsstrahlung is treated for the cases where the electron is scattered by a pure Coulomb field and by an atom. For the latter case the effects of shielding are discussed extensively. The synchrotron spectrum is derived for an electron moving in a circular orbit perpendicular to the magnetic field and also for the general case where the electron's motion is helical. The total photon-production spectrum is derived for each process when there is a power-law distribution of electron energies. The problems of the effects of the three processes on the electron distribution itself are considered. It is shown that if the electron loses a small fraction of its energy in a single occurrence of a process, the electron distribution function satisfies a continuity equation which is a differential equation in energy space. For the more general case where the electron can lose energy in discrete amounts (as in bremsstrahlung and extreme Klein-Nishina Compton losses), the electron distribution function satisfies an integro-differential equation. Some approximate solutions to this equation are derived for certain special cases.
Comparison of the Accuracy of CBCT Images and Apex Locator in Detection of External Root Resorption with Perforation

Statement of the Problem: Perforation within external root resorption (ERR) lesions dra-matically affects the prognosis of the involved roots. Failure to diagnose perforation under-mines treatment; therefore, early detection of these lesions is of great importance. The cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and electronic apex locators (EAL) are reliably used to detect root perforations. Purpose: In this in vitro study, we compared the EAL findings with the results obtained by the CBCT images for the detection of perforations within ERR lesions. Materials and Method: This cross sectional study included 160 extracted anterior human teeth. The teeth were categorized into four groups including teeth with intact root, teeth with ERR, teeth with ERR and 0.5 mm perforation, and teeth with ERR with 1 mm perforation. The presence of perforations was compared by CBCT images and root EAL. Results: The sensitivity of CBCT scans in detecting 0.5 mm and 1 mm root perforations was 100% and 97.5%, respectively, while the sensitivity of the EAL was 10% and 27.5% in de-tecting 0.5 mm and 1 mm root perforations, respectively( with the ±0.5mm range of error). For detecting intact and teeth with ERR, the specificity of CBCT scans was 100% and 95%, respectively, and for EAL, it was 100% for both. Poor agreement was found between the two techniques (kappa=-0.025). Conclusion: CBCT scans were more sensitive and specific than EAL scans for detecting perforations in non-obturated root canals in this study.
Efficacy of a 0.5% Propolis -0.9% Pomegranate Buccal Spray Treatment Compared with 2% Miconazole Gel for Denture Stomatitis Treatment in Elderly Patients: a Randomized Clinical Trial

Statement of the Problem: Natural products have attracted interest as an alternative to synthetic medi-cations for the treatment of oral diseases due to their efficacy and safety. Propolis and pomegranate extracts have both demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of denture stomatitis. However, use of the two compounds together has not been tested for this purpose. Purpose: A comparison was made of the efficacy of a commercially available propolis-pomegranate buccal spray formulation for the treatment of denture stomatitis, compared with miconazole gel, based on stomatitis lesions and Candida spp. concentrations in mouth rinses. Materials and Method: This was an experimental study, characterized as an open-label, parallel two-armed, non-inferiority randomized clinical trial. Forty elderly adults aged < 60 years with denture stoma-titis were randomly allocated to two groups. The patients applied a buccal spray containing 0.5% propo-lis and 0.9% pomegranate extracts or 2% miconazole gel, a standard treatment recommended in Brazil, to the inner surface of their dentures three times a day for 14 days. They were examined at days 1, 7, 14 and stomatitis lesions were categorized according to Newton’s score. Mouth rinses were made with saline solution at days 1 and 14 and then assessed for Candida spp. Results: Both treatments reduced the Newton’s score, with clinical cure rates of 75 and 40% for the miconazole and propolis-pomegranate groups, respectively. The Candida concentrations in the mouth rinse decreased significantly only in the miconazole group. Conclusion: The propolis-pomegranate spray was less effective than the miconazole treatment. Howev-er, clinical improvement was also observed in patients treated with the propolis-pomegranate buccal spray.
Is the Metallic Color of Stainless Steel Crown Satisfying for Cooperative Children and their Parents? a Preliminary Study

Statement of the Problem: Currently, the demand for tooth-colored restorations in children and young adults is increasing. Stainless steel crown (SSC) is the most common restoration for decayed primary molars. Given the dark metallic color of SSC, the esthetic appearance of this restoration is poor and subsequently their acceptance is still a matter of debate. Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of restoration’s color on children’s daily living conditions and compare the clinical and radiographic success rates of composite resins with SSC in primary molars. Materials and Method: This clinical trial study was performed on 70 primary molars in 44 healthy 4- to 7-year-old children. The children were randomly divided into two groups restored with SSC and restored with composite resin. Two researcher-made questionnaires were used to assess the children’s satisfaction concerning the appearance and color of restoration. The data were analyzed with SPSS 20 using chi-squared, Fisher’s, and Mann-Whitney U tests. The significance level was set at p< 0.05. Results: Children’s satisfaction with restoration color in the treatment session was 75% in the SSC group and 85% in the composite resin group. However, the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.246). After one year of follow-up, the satisfaction rate decreased to 69% in the SSC group and increased to 90.6% in the composite resin group, with a significant difference (p< 0.001). Moreover, the frequency of clinical success was 95% in the SSC group and 96.7% in the composite resin group, with no statistically significant difference (p= 0.749). The frequency of radiographic success was 87.5% in the SSC group and 100% in the composite resin group; this difference was not significant (p= 0.061). Conclusion: The results verified that restoration color was not important for cooperative children in the treatment session. However, after one year, children who received composite resin restorations were pointedly more satisfied than those who were treated with SSC restorations.
Identification of Bordetella bronchiseptica in the throat and nose of dogs and cats by PCR

B.bronchiseptica is pathogenic for some domestic and wild animals. Due to the importance of this bacterium, its presence in dogs and cats has been investigated using PCR. Pharyngeal and nasal swabs were taken from 135 dogs and 42 cats. Based on the PCR performed on the dogs' samples, in 25/63 (39.68%) pharyngeal samples and 20/59 (33.89%) nasal samples DNA of B. bronchiseptica detected. On the other hand, according to the PCR performed on the cats' samples, in 9/23 (39.13%) pharyngeal samples and 319 (15.78%) nasal samples DNA of B. bronchiseptica was existed. According to the present study, the rate of B. bronchiseptica infection is high among dogs and cats in Iran. Also, due to the fact that the prevalence of this bacterium among pets animals is not exactly known in Iran, necessary measures should be taken for rapid diagnosis and treatment and proper control of the infection.
Short exposure to high salt in drinking solution leads to a cardiovascular phenotype of hypertension without changes in the blood volume of rats

What is the central question of this study? Is the cardiovascular phenotype of high blood pressure observed in rats salt loaded with 2% NaCl in drinking solution a blood volume‐dependent hypertension? What is the main finding and its importance? Animals exposed to 2% NaCl drinking solution develop hypertension, with dominance of sympathetic outflow and high [Na+] in the cerebrospinal fluid, but without changes in the blood volume. The phenotype of salt‐dependent hypertension might be related to accumulation of [Na+] in the cerebrospinal fluid, which makes it an interesting animal model in which to study the neuronal pathways involved in control of the circulation in osmotic challenge conditions.
Proteomic study of mesothelial and endothelial cross-talk: key lessons

ABSTRACT Introduction The peritoneum, pleura, and pericardium are yet understudied multicellular systems where mesothelial cells (MCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) are in close proximity. Crosstalk between these cell types likely plays role in molecular transport, immunological reactions, and metabolic processes in health, disease, and therapeutic intervention. Areas covered In this review, we discuss recent proteomic efforts to characterize the crosstalk between MC and EC. We describe the proteomic methods necessary for investigation of crosstalk between MC and EC, as well as the in-vitro models that can be employed. Potential experimental approaches range from conditioned medium, via co-culture on semi-permeable membranes, to 3D cell culture based organoid models. While the biological and clinical relevance of the models may increase with their ability to mimic close cell communication, the practicality of these complex experiments corresponds vice versa, making standardization more difficult and expensive. Expert opinion Currently, data and reports on mesothelial-to-endothelial crosstalk are still very scarce. In our opinion, the in-vitro model using semi-permeable cell culture inserts will allow to establish a basic understanding of cellular crosstalk that may occur between those cell types. Later-on, more sophisticated 3D cell cultures may be better able to simulate the transport dynamics within the peritoneal membrane.
Hybrid continuous reassessment method with overdose control for safer dose escalation

ABSTRACT Phase 1 oncology studies focus on safety of novel treatments and identifying a dose associated with acceptable toxicity level. Various model-based designs have been proposed for guiding dose escalation and estimating maximum tolerated dose in dose-finding studies. However, these methods are either excessively conservative or imprudent by allowing overly toxic doses. Transparent and easy to implement model-assisted designs have also received increasing attention but require pre-set rules including perceived dose levels. Therefore, we propose a hybrid model-based design that has a high probability to select MTD with a good balance of overdose control by disentangling in two separate models, which is flexible and easy to implement. Extensive simulations show the model to have real promise.
Leptotrichia Bacteremia: 10-Year Retrospective Clinical Analysis and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles

Leptotrichia species are anaerobic, Gram-negative bacilli increasingly recognized as pathogens capable of causing invasive infections such as bloodstream infection (BSI), particularly among immunocompromised patients. However, there is a paucity of data regarding epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, optimal treatment, and clinical outcomes among patients with Leptotrichia bacteremia. ABSTRACT Leptotrichia species are anaerobic, Gram-negative bacilli increasingly recognized as pathogens capable of causing invasive infections such as bloodstream infection (BSI), particularly among immunocompromised patients. However, there is a paucity of data regarding epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, optimal treatment, and clinical outcomes among patients with Leptotrichia bacteremia. Patient risk factors, treatment approaches, and outcomes of a retrospective cohort of adult patients with Leptotrichia BSI at a tertiary medical center (Mayo Clinic Rochester [MCR]) were evaluated. Concurrently, species, temporal trends, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results of Leptotrichia isolates submitted to a reference laboratory (Mayo Clinic Laboratories) over the past 10 years were examined. We identified 224 blood culture isolates of Leptotrichia species, with 26 isolates from patients treated at MCR. The most frequent species included L. trevisanii (49%), L. buccalis (24%), and L. wadei (16%). Leptotrichia species demonstrated >90% susceptibility to penicillin, metronidazole, ertapenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam. However, 96% (74/77) of isolates were resistant to moxifloxacin. For patients treated at MCR, the mean patient age was 55 years (standard deviation [SD], 17), with 9 females (35%), and all were neutropenic at the time of BSI. The primary sources of infection were gastrointestinal (58%), intravascular catheter (35%), and odontogenic (15%). Patients were treated with metronidazole (42%), piperacillin-tazobactam (27%), or carbapenems (19%). The mean duration of treatment was 11 days (SD, 4.5), with a 60-day all-cause mortality of 19% and no microbiologic relapse. Leptotrichia species are rare but important causes of BSI in neutropenic patients. Due to evolving antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, a review of AST results is necessary when selecting optimal antimicrobial therapy.
Is serum hemoglobin level an independent prognostic factor for IgA nephropathy?: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohort studies

Abstract Background Decreased serum hemoglobin (Hb) level is associated with Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) progression. However, whether serum Hb level is an independent prognostic factor of IgAN remains controversial. Herein, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of serum Hb level in IgAN. Methods The Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed and Open Grey databases were systematically searched and reviewed. Kidney disease progression of IgAN was defined as a doubling of serum creatinine (SCr), a 30% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), or death. We evaluated the hazard ratio (HR) between serum Hb level and the incidence of kidney disease progression in IgAN before and after adjusting for relevant covariates. Results We included nine studies with 10006 patients in the meta-analysis. As a continuous variable, we found that serum Hb was an independent prognostic factor of IgAN [unadjusted HR = 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.84–0.95, I 2 = 98%; adjusted HR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.79–0.91, I 2 = 0%]. The sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of these results. Consistently, as a dichotomous variable defined as the below/above cutoff for anemia, we observed a positive correlation between serum Hb and kidney disease progression in IgAN (unadjusted HR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.44–3.12, I 2 = 79%; adjusted HR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.20–2.27, I 2 = 0%). Conclusion Serum Hb level was independently correlated with the incidence of kidney disease progression in IgAN.
Regional Vulnerability of the Corpus Callosum in the Context of Cardiovascular Risk

Many factors outside of cardiovascular health can impact the structure of white matter. Identification of reliable and clinically meaningful biomarkers of the neural effects of systemic and cardiovascular health are needed to refine etiologic predictions. We examined whether the corpus callosum demonstrates regional vulnerability to systemic cardiovascular risk factors. Three hundred and ninety-four older adults without dementia completed brain MRI, neurobehavioral evaluations, and blood draws. A subset (n = 126, n = 128) of individuals had blood plasma analyzed for inflammatory markers of interest (IL-6 and TNF-alpha). Considering diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a particularly reliable measure of white matter integrity, we utilized DTI to examine fractional anisotropy (FA) of anterior and posterior regions of the corpus callosum. Using multiple linear regression models, we simultaneously examined FA of the genu and the splenium to compare their associations with systemic and cardiovascular risk factors. Lower FA of the genu but not splenium was associated with greater systemic and cardiovascular risk, including higher systolic blood pressure (β = –0.17, p = .020), hemoglobin A1C (β = –0.21, p = .016) and IL-6 (β = –0.34, p = .005). FA of the genu was uniquely associated with cognitive processing speed (β = 0.20, p = .0015) and executive functioning (β = 0.15, p = .012), but not memory performances (β = 0.05, p = .357). Our results demonstrated differential vulnerability of the corpus callosum, such that frontal regions showed stronger, independent associations with biomarkers of systemic and cardiovascular health in comparison to posterior regions. Posterior white matter integrity may not reflect cardiovascular health. Clinically, these findings support the utility of examining the anterior corpus callosum as an indicator of cerebrovascular health.
Fine tunable red-green upconversion luminescence from glass ceramic containing 5%Er3+:NaYF4 nanocrystals under excitation of two near infrared femtosecond lasers

In this paper, we report fine tunable red-green upconversion luminescence of glass ceramic containing 5%Er3+: NaYF4 nanocrystals excited simultaneously by two near infrared femtosecond lasers. When the glass ceramic was irradiated by 800 nm femtosecond laser, weak red emission centered at 670 nm was detected. Bright red light was observed when the fs laser wavelength was tuned to 1490 nm. However, when excited by the two fs lasers simultaneously, the sample emitted bright green light centered at 550 nm, while the red light kept the same intensity. The dependences of the red and the green light intensities on the two pump lasers are much different, which enables us to manipulate the color emission by adjusting the two pump laser intensities, respectively. We present a theoretical model of Er3+ ions interacting with two fs laser fields, and explain well the experimental results.
X-ray observations of Abell 2218 and implications for the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect

The Einstein Observatory was used to obtain a high-resolution X-ray image and an X-ray flux measurement of the galaxy cluster Abell 2218. The combined system of intracluster medium and galaxies is modeled as a gas in hydrostatic equilibrium in a common gravitational potential with an isothermal galaxy component. This model is then fitted in the least-squares sense to the X-ray surface brightness distribution and to the optically determined galaxy surface density profile to determine model parameters. The gas is found to be nominally isothermal, moderately dense, and very hot (10-30 keV); these conditions are consistent with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, i.e., the diminution in the cosmic microwave background radiation intensity in the direction of this cluster. It is noted that the considerable imprecision inherent in the method of distance measurement based on the combination of microwave measurements with X-ray and optical data makes it impossible to make a definitive statement about the distance to Abell 2218.
The Association between Placental Abruption and Platelet Indices

Abstract Objective: Placental abruption (PA) is an obstetric emergency. This study investigated the use of platelet indices in PA in its early stages to determine if it could aid in diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Sixty-two pregnant women with PA and 130 pregnant women who delivered due to idiopathic preterm delivery were included in this case-control study. Blood samples including platelet indices, biochemical, and coagulation parameters were obtained before cesarean section. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were recorded. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups as to hemoglobin, hematocrit, and white blood count. Platelet, mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were significantly lower, platelet distribution width (PDW) was significantly higher in the PA patients. Conclusion: In the current study, MPV and PLR were lower and PDW was higher in PA patients. These parameters may be useful in assessment of PA.