Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DENTIN SUBSTITUTES: A REVIEW

Dentin substitutes are cements, which have dentin like mechanical properties and can be used as dentin replacements in the tooth crown and root region. The ideal properties of a dentin substitute are biocompatibility, long-term impermeability, antibacterial properties, induction of hard tissue regeneration, stability, non-absorbability, and ease of handling. There are a wide variety of materials that have been used in the past for replacement of dentin. The materials that can be used are calcium hydroxide, glass ionomer cements, mineral trioxide aggregate, and bioactive materials such as biodentine, bioglass and bioceramics. Thus this review briefly describes the above dentin substitutes, their properties, advantages and disadvantages, and their clinical application.
Simulating demand-side effects on innovation

We present an agent-based simulation model of the influence of heterogeneous demand on the innovative behaviour of firms. In our model, firms try to meet the demand of consumers with heterogeneous preferences for product attributes. Introducing heterogeneity into the model leads to a dynamic segmentation of markets and creates permanent and endogenous incentives for innovation and knowledge creation. The first striking result is that heterogeneity itself creates an out-of-equilibrium dynamic where no steady state is achieved: already a small deviation from perfect homogeneous demand creates a segmentation of markets with varying niches, which opens up the market for a large number of firms. Second, different degrees of consumer heterogeneity can create log-normal as well as normal distributions of firm sizes. Finally, simulation experiments indicate the impact of different policy strategies designed to foster innovation. In a situation where existing products do not meet consumer demand supply side, subsidies are only suitable under certain circumstances and may eventually cause major drawbacks.
Purification and properties of arylmannosidases from mung bean seedlings and soybean cells.

Two arylmannosidases (signified as A and B) were purified to homogeneity from soluble and microsomal fractions of mung bean seedlings. Arylmannosidase A from the microsomes appeared the same on native gels and on SDS gels as soluble arylmannosidase A, the same was true for arylmannosidase B. Sedimentation velocity studies indicated that both enzymes were homogeneous, and that arylmannosidase A had a molecular mass of 237 kd while B had a molecular mass of 243 kd. Arylmannosidase A showed two major protein bands on SDS gels with molecular masses of 60 and 55 kd, and minor bands of 79, 39 and 35 kd. All of these bands were N-linked since they were susceptible to digestion by endoglucosaminidase H. In addition, at least the major bands could be detected by Western blots with antibody raised against the xylose moiety of N-linked plant oligosaccharides, and they could also be labeled in soybean suspension cells with [2-3H]mannose. Arylmannosidase B showed three major bands with molecular masses of 72, 55 and 45 kd, and minor bands of 42 and 39 kd. With the possible exception of the 45 and 42 kd bands, all of these bands are glycoproteins. Arylmannosidases A and B showed somewhat different kinetics in terms of mannose release from high-mannose oligosaccharides, but they were equally susceptible to inhibition by swainsonine and mannostatin A. Polyclonal antibody raised against the arylmannosidase B cross-reacted equally well with arylmannosidase A from mung bean seedlings and with arylmannosidase from soybean cells. However, monoclonal antibody against mung bean arylmannosidase A was much less effective against arylmannosidase B. Antibody was used to examine the biosynthesis and structure of the carbohydrate chains of arylmannosidase in soybean cells grown in [2-3H]mannose. Treatment of the purified enzyme with Endo H released approximately 50% of the radioactivity, and these labeled oligosaccharides were of the high-mannose type, i.e. mostly Man9GlcNAc. The precipitated protein isolated from the Endo H treatment still contained 50% of the radioactivity, and this was present in modified structures that probably contain xylose residues.
Fast and reliable tunnel programming of nanocrystal nonvolatile memories

In this brief, we applied the technique of pulsed Fowler-Nordheim programming to Flash memories with silicon nanocrystals as discrete storage nodes. The waveform was optimized with respect to program time and oxide reliability, starting from a systematic study of the trap dynamics. The goal of a fast programming was successfully achieved, with a slight increase of the program voltage, without degrading the stress-induced leakage current (SILC) and endurance.
An A643T Mutation in the Transcription Factor Upc2p Causes Constitutive ERG11 Upregulation and Increased Fluconazole Resistance in Candida albicans

ABSTRACT The zinc cluster transcription factor Upc2p mediates upregulation of ergosterol biosynthesis genes in response to ergosterol depletion in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. One mechanism of acquired resistance to the antifungal drug fluconazole, which inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis, is constitutively increased expression of the ERG11 gene encoding the drug target enzyme. A G648D mutation in Upc2p has recently been shown to cause hyperactivity of the transcription factor, resulting in overexpression of ergosterol biosynthesis genes and increased fluconazole resistance. In order to investigate if gain-of-function mutations in Upc2p are a common mechanism of ERG11 upregulation and fluconazole resistance, we sequenced the UPC2 alleles of four ERG11-overexpressing, fluconazole-resistant C. albicans isolates and matched susceptible isolates from the same patients. In three of the isolate pairs, no differences in the UPC2 alleles were found, suggesting that mechanisms other than Upc2p mutations can cause ERG11 overexpression. One resistant isolate had become homozygous for a UPC2 allele containing a G1927A substitution that caused an alanine-to-threonine exchange at amino acid position 643 of Upc2p. Replacement of one of the endogenous UPC2 alleles in a fluconazole-susceptible strain by the UPC2A643T allele resulted in ERG11 overexpression and increased fluconazole resistance, which was further elevated when the A643T mutation was also introduced into the second UPC2 allele. These results further establish gain-of-function mutations in UPC2, which can be followed by loss of heterozygosity for the mutated allele, as a mechanism of ERG11 overexpression and increased fluconazole resistance in C. albicans, but other mechanisms of ERG11 upregulation also exist.
Impedance-engineered low power MZM / driver assembly for CFP4-size pluggable long haul and metro transceiver

A differential impedance-engineered 32 Gbit/s SiGe driver co-designed with an InP-based MZ-Modulator is demonstrated, showing record low 185 mW power consumption. The small footprint and low power is targeting towards CFP4-sized coherent transceivers. Results on IQ-Modulators will be presented.
Use of Social Stories to Improve Self-Regulation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

ABSTRACT A multiple baseline across participants design was used to evaluate the effects of Social Stories to help preschool-aged children with characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) increase their engagement in functional behaviors and use sensory integrative-based strategies to promote self-regulation. Three children, 3–5 years old, from a self-contained preschool classroom were selected to participate in the study. The intervention package included reading individualized Social Stories that discussed desired behaviors and self-regulation strategies. The researchers measured the percentage of intervals in which participants engaged in desired behaviors. The frequency of desired behaviors increased for all participants. The use of self-regulation strategies varied across participants. These findings suggest that the intervention was successful in increasing desired behaviors of the three children. Further research is recommended on the effectiveness of embedding sensory integrative strategies into Social Stories. Practitioners may consider the use of Social Stories as a tool to increase independence and encourage self-regulated behaviors in children with characteristics of ASD.
Influence of Substrate Temperature on the Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Films on Flexible Substrate by RF Magnetron Sputtering

At present, there is a great demand for flexible and lightweight devices in optics, electronics and semiconductor field. In this study, by using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering, ZnO films were deposited on flexible Teflon substrates at variant substrate temperatures ranging from room temperature (RT) to 200 ℃. The effect of the substrate temperature on the structure, surface morphology and photoluminescence (PL) properties of ZnO thin films was studied by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Ultraviolet-visible spectrofluorometer. The results show that with the increasing substrate temperature, the crystalline quality of the ZnO films can be improved, and the uniform grain size and smooth and dense surfaces can be obtained in the films. A visible emission is found to be much stronger in the ZnO film deposited at RT than other films heated during the growth, which reveals that the increase of substrates temperature is benefit for better crystalline quality and reduction of defects of the ZnO films grown on the flexible Teflon substrate. The reduction of stresses and defects as well as the stronger c-axis orientation in the ZnO film deposited at 200 ℃ indicate the best overall film crystalline quality and lead to the enhancement of NBE emission and the depression of DL emission for PL properties in such film.
The Management of Heart Failure: The Past, the Present, and the Future

It is an honor to contribute to this inaugural issue of Circulation: Heart Failure and to provide some personal reflections on the management of heart failure (HF). I will comment on the past and the present and will venture to make some predictions about the future of this important subject. In 1950, as a medical student, I first learned about the management of congestive HF from the first edition of Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine ,1 which had just been published. Management consisted of strict bed rest, sedation, dietary sodium restriction, digitalis, venesection, and administration of morphine and mercurial diuretics; the latter were only modestly effective and were administered by painful intramuscular injection. All of these measures (other than mercurial diuretics) had not changed for about a half century. I replaced Harrison as the cardiology editor of Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine for the sixth edition,2 which was published in 1970. The management of HF, while still adhering to the principles set forth in the first edition, included 3 new aspects: (1) control of fluid retention with the (then) new orally effective diuretics—thiazides, the powerful new loop diuretics, as well as potassium-retaining diuretics (because of the widespread use of these agents, the adjective “congestive” was gradually eliminated from the name of the condition); (2) recognition and vigorous treatment of the precipitating causes of HF, such as infection, pulmonary embolism, and arrhythmias; and (3) intravenous dopamine, the powerful new β-adrenergic agonist for the management of acute, decompensated HF, including cardiogenic shock. If we move forward 35 years and 10 editions of Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine , we come to the 16th edition, in which my chapter called attention to the importance of attempting to prevent HF in patients who were at risk for this condition but without overt …
The on-line synthesis of enzyme functionalized silica nanoparticles in a microfluidic reactor using polyethylenimine polymer and R5 peptide

A simple microfluidic reactor system is described for the effective synthesis of enzyme functionalized nanoparticles which offers many advantages over batch reactions, including excellent enzyme efficiencies. Better control of the process parameters in the microfluidic reactor system over batch based methodology enables the production of silica nanoparticles with the optimum size for efficient enzyme immobilization with long-term stability. The synthetic approach is demonstrated with glucose oxidase (GOD) and two different nucleation catalysts of similar molecular mass: the natural R5 peptide, and polyethylenimine (PEI) polymer. Near-quantitative immobilization of GOD in the nanoparticles is obtained using PEI; the immobilization is attributed to electrostatic interaction between PEI and GOD. This interaction, however, limits the mobility of the immobilized enzyme, producing orientation hindrance of the enzyme’s active sites as compared to free GOD in solution. In contrast, when the GOD is immobilized inside the silica nanoparticles using R5, lower enzyme immobilization efficiencies are obtained compared to using PEI polymers; however, similar Michaelis–Menten kinetic parameters (i.e. Michaelis constant and turnover number) to those of free GOD are observed. Reactions were monitored in situ using simple, rapid, separation-free amperometric detection.
Outlook for North Korean Economic Reform and Marketization

In North Korea, there are some sectors in which non-national or unplanned production prevails, but it can hardly be said that marketization is institutionalized. In that sense, the North Korean economy is neither a planned economy nor a market economy. Although real marketization has not started in full in North Korea, “marketization from the bottom” has brought centrifugal forces to the system of government in North Korea, which used to be unified under the supreme leader and the Korean Workers’ Party. Considering the industry structure of North Korea, the stable supply of consumer goods depends primarily on agricultural production, light industry production and growth in imports. Rehabilitation and growth of heavy industry require more investment by both domestic and foreign sources. In order for North Korea to foster sound economic development, marketoriented policies, not merely the introduction of some competitive aspects, are needed. This requires both spontaneous motivation in North Korea and support from the outside world at the same time. A healthier economic condition is one important factor in enabling North Korea to maintain a comparatively stable political administration in the post-Kim Jong-il era.
Extending the integration time in DVB-T-based passive radar

In the paper a problem of extending integration time in DVB-T-based passive radar is addressed. In passive radar, target detection is based on calculating the crossambiguity function between the reference and echo signals. To obtain higher signal-to-noise ratio after the processing, longer integration time can be used. However, extending the integration time using classical formula for crossambiguity function leads to signal-to-noise ratio losses. We analyse the simplifying assumptions used in classical crossambiguity and present more general form of the crossambiguity function, which allows us to use longer integration times with reduced losses in signal-to-noise ratio.
The Impact of Trading Volume on Reit Volatility Using the Garch Model

In this paper, we address the effect of volume (a proxy for information) on real estate investment trust (REIT) volatility within the parameters of the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model. Data acquired from the Center for Research in Security Prices (CRSP) for publicly traded REITs are analyzed. Our results show that GARCH effects are attenuated yet persist in the presence of volume. This result is a sharp contrast to the results obtained in seminal research by Lamoureux and Lastrapes (1990).
Murine Nucleus Pulposus‐Derived Cells Secrete Interleukins‐1‐β, ‐6, and ‐10 and Granulocyte‐Macrophage Colony‐Stimulating Factor in Cell Culture

Study Design. Cultures established from murine disc‐derived cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. The cells capacity to secrete proinflammatory cytokines and interleukin‐10 with and without lipopolysaccharide stimulation was determined using enzymelinked immunosorbent assays. Objectives. To determine the capacity of disc‐derived cells to secrete proinflammatory cytokines, and the effect of lipopolysaccharide stimulation on such secretion. Summary of Background Data. The pathophysiology of compressive radiculopathy is unclear. Inflammation is a possible explanation. Proinflammatory cytokine secretion was demonstrated in herniated nucleus pulposus. It is unknown whether these cytokines are secreted from disc‐derived cells or from infiltrating inflammatory cells in the herniated nucleus pulposus. Methods. Discs were microsurgically harvested from inbred mice and cut to allow the nucleus pulposus to establish cell culture. A study group was exposed to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Media were harvested from the study and control groups 24 hours later. Secretion of interleukins‐1‐, ‐6, and ‐10, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor‐α were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Results. Basal secretion of interleukins‐6 and ‐10, but no basal secretion of interleukin‐1‐, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, or tumor necrosis factor‐α was detected. Secretion of interleukin‐1‐ rose from zero to 27.69 pg/105 cells, and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor secretion rose from zero to 9.77 pg/105 cells after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. A 75‐fold increase in interleukin‐6 secretion and a 150‐fold increase in interleukin‐10 secretion were detected after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. No tumor necrosis factor‐α secretion was detectable. All result had high statistical significance (all P < 0.001). Conclusions. Cultured murine disc‐derived cells have the capacity to secrete proinflammatory cytokines and interleukin‐10 in the absence of inflammatory cells. This finding supports the hypothesis that disc‐derived cells are capable of initiating or amplifying an inflammatory process.
Gammopathy-associated acrosclerosis as a cause of flexion contractures in an older adult patient: a case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND This article describes an 87-year-old woman with progressive debilitating flexion contractures involving both hands. In addition, a similar scariform process in this patient extended to involve the upper and lower extremities. The patient had an established history of an IgG monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Her contraction deformities were treated surgically. This is the first known reported case of gammopathy-associated acrosclerosis eventuating in bilateral hand contractures. IgG lambda paraprotein may evoke fibrocyte hypercellularity and sclerosis. Recent studies have used chemotherapy and peripheral stem cell transplantation in the treatment of severe sclerosing reactions associated with MGUS. This more recent approach reflects the inherent basis of the fibrosis, at least in scleromyxedema, and is one that is reflective of a clonal B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder.
Does behavioral intervention in pregnancy reduce postpartum weight retention? Twelve-month outcomes of the Fit for Delivery randomized trial.

BACKGROUND Excessive weight gain during pregnancy is a risk factor for postpartum weight retention and future weight gain and obesity. Whether a behavioral intervention in pregnancy can reduce long-term weight retention is unknown. OBJECTIVE This randomized trial tested whether a low-intensity behavioral intervention to prevent excessive gestational weight gain could increase the proportion of women who returned to prepregnancy weight by 12 mo postpartum. DESIGN Women (n = 401, 13.5 wk of gestation, 50% normal weight, 50% overweight/obese) were randomly assigned into an intervention or control group; 79% completed the 12-mo assessment. The telephone-based intervention targeted gestational weight gain, healthy eating, and exercise and was discontinued at delivery. RESULTS In modified intent-to-treat analyses that excluded women with miscarriages (n = 6), gestational diabetes (n = 32), or subsequent pregnancies (n = 32), the intervention had no significant effect on the odds of achieving prepregnancy weight at 12 mo postpartum (n = 331; 35.4% compared with 28.1%; P = 0.18). Completer analyses suggested that the intervention tended to increase the percentages of women who reached prepregnancy weight (n = 261; 45.3% compared with 35.3%; P = 0.09) and significantly reduced the magnitude of mean ± SD postpartum weight retained (1.4 ± 6.3 compared with 3.0 ± 5.7 kg; P = 0.046) at 12 mo. Women in the intervention group reported higher dietary restraint through 6 mo postpartum (P = 0.023) and more frequent self-monitoring of body weight (P < 0.02 for all) throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS A low-intensity behavioral intervention in pregnancy can reduce 12-mo postpartum weight retention and improve dietary restraint and self-weighing in study completers. Future research is needed to test the long-term effects of more intensive behavioral interventions in pregnancy. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01117961.
Towards an Integrated View of the Ambidextrous Organization: A Second‐Order Factor Model

Within the context of ambidexterity, this paper focuses on the tension between radical and incremental innovation and its main aim is to investigate whether an ambidextrous organization for innovation can be conceptualized in a more integrated way as a second‐order construct reflected by both contextual and structural approaches. Structural equation modelling is employed to analyse data from a survey of 185 firms in Austrian and Italian medium‐ and high‐tech industries. The primary contribution of the paper is that the ambidextrous organization can be meaningfully described by a higher‐order structure made up of structural and contextual solutions. This paper makes an important contribution to ambidexterity thanks to high‐order modelling of the construct of ‘ambidextrous organization’, thus unveiling interesting implications for both academics and managers.