Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of Tabular Methods to the Speciflcation and Veriflcation of a Nuclear Reactor Shutdown System

This paper describes the use of tabular methods at Ontario Power Generation Inc. (OPGI) 1 on the Darlington Nuclear Generating Station Shutdown System (SDS) Trip Computer Software Redesign Project. We flrst motivate the selection of tabular methods and provide an overview of the Systematic Design Veriflcation (SDV) procedure. After reviewing some preliminary concepts, the paper describes how the Software Engineering Standards and Methods (SESM) Tool suite is used with SRI's automated proof assistant, PVS, to provide tool support for the use of tabular methods in the software engineering process. Examples based upon the Systematic Design Veriflcation of an actual SDS subsystem are used to illustrate the beneflts and limitations of the current implementation of the formal method. Finally, the paper discusses related work, draws conclusions regarding the efiectiveness of the method and examines how its limitations can be addressed by further theoretical and applied work.
Biophysical Properties and Antiviral Activities of Measles Fusion Protein Derived Peptide Conjugated with 25-Hydroxycholesterol

Measles virus (MV) infection is re-emerging, despite the availability of an effective vaccine. The mechanism of MV entry into a target cell relies on coordinated action between the MV hemagglutinin (H) receptor binding protein and the fusion envelope glycoprotein (F) which mediates fusion between the viral and cell membranes. Peptides derived from the C-terminal heptad repeat (HRC) of F can interfere with this process, blocking MV infection. As previously described, biophysical properties of HRC-derived peptides modulate their antiviral potency. In this work, we characterized a MV peptide fusion inhibitor conjugated to 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), a cholesterol derivative with intrinsic antiviral activity, and evaluated its interaction with membrane model systems and human blood cells. The peptide (MV–HC) has a 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90) several logs more advantageous than the equivalent peptide bearing a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-cholesterol moiety. In membrane interaction studies, MV–HC shows a preference for pure 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) monolayers and membranes rich in sphingomyelin, and interacts less with POPC:cholesterol membranes. MV–HC tends to self-aggregate in aqueous solution, in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results suggest that increased membrane interaction dynamicity results from 25HC conjugation, with a concomitant increase in peptide antiviral efficacy.
Bandwidth and storage sharing performance in information centric networking

Internet usage has dramatically evolved towards content dissemination and retrieval, whilst the underlying infrastructure remains tied up to hosts interconnection. Information centric networking (ICN) proposals have recently emerged to rethink Internet foundations and design a natively content-centric network environment. Important features of such networks are the availability of built-in network storage and of receiver-driven chunk-level transport, whose interaction significantly impacts overall system and user performance. In the paper, we provide an analytical characterization of statistical bandwidth and storage sharing, under fairly general assumption on total demand, topology, content popularity and limited network resources. A closed-form expression for average content delivery time is derived and its accuracy confirmed by event-driven simulations. Finally, we present some applications of our model, leveraging on explicit formulae for the optimal dimensioning and localization of storage resources.
Isolation of albomitomycins from solutions of 7-amino substituted mitomycins; mitomycin C and KW-2149.

investigation of new potent analogs with less toxicity has been active1} and we have found a new promising clinical candidate of KW-2149(2)3'4) in a program to develop C-7 modifications. During our approach to obtain diverse mitomycins from fermentation, we found variants of mitomycin A (3); albomitomycin A (4) and isomitomycin A (5), and their tripartite interconversion referred to as the mitomycin rearrangement.5) The C-7 substituent of 3 is a methoxygroup, while those of 1 and 2 are amines with amide character. To clarify the effects of C-7
Comparative study of pandemic (H1N1) 2009, swine H1N1, and avian H3N2 influenza viral infections in quails

Quail has been proposed to be an intermediate host of influenza A viruses. However, information on the susceptibility and pathogenicity of pandemic H1N1 2009 (pH1N1) and swine influenza viruses in quails is limited. In this study, the pathogenicity, virus shedding, and transmission characteristics of pH1N1, swine H1N1 (swH1N1), and avian H3N2 (dkH3N2) influenza viruses in quails was examined. Three groups of 15 quails were inoculated with each virus and evaluated for clinical signs, virus shedding and transmission, pathological changes, and serological responses. None of the 75 inoculated (n = 45), contact exposed (n = 15), or negative control (n = 15) quails developed any clinical signs. In contrast to the low virus shedding titers observed from the swH1N1-inoculated quails, birds inoculated with dkH3N2 and pH1N1 shed relatively high titers of virus predominantly from the respiratory tract until 5 and 7 DPI, respectively, that were rarely transmitted to the contact quails. Gross and histopathological lesions were observed in the respiratory and intestinal tracts of quail inoculated with either pH1N1 or dkH3N2, indicating that these viruses were more pathogenic than swH1N1. Sero-conversions were detected 7 DPI in two out of five pH1N1-inoculated quails, three out of five quails inoculated with swH1N1, and four out of five swH1N1-infected contact birds. Taken together, this study demonstrated that quails were more susceptible to infection with pH1N1 and dkH3N2 than swH1N1.
Viral etiology in adult influenza-like illness/acute respiratory infection and predictivity of C-reactive protein.

INTRODUCTION Influenza-like illness (ILI) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) are common presentations during winter and indiscriminate antibiotic use contributes significantly to the emerging post-antibiotic era. METHODOLOGY Otherwise healthy 152 patients, presenting to outpatient clinics with ILI/ARI, were included. Patients had history & physical, CRP, hemogram and nasopharyngeal swabs for rhinovirus A/B, influenza A/B, adenovirus A/B/C/D/E, coronavirus 229E/NL63 and OC43, parainfluenza virus 1/2/3, respiratory syncytial virusA/B, metapneumovirus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila and Bordetella pertussis by PCR and for ABHS culture. RESULTS Median (IR) age was 26.5 (16.5). Time to presentation was shorter in men (p = 0.027). Patients with rhinovirus had lower rates (20%) of myalgia (p = 0.043). Patients with influenza virus had higher rates (97%) of elevated CRP (p = 0.016). Logistic regression revealed that patients with ILI/ARI and CRP ≥ 5 mg/L were 60 times more likely to have influenza virus infection than other viral agents (OR = 60.0, 95% CI = 2.65 to 1,358.2, p = 0.010). Rhinovirus predominated in December (54%), March (36%), and April (33%). Influenza virus predominated in January (51%). Fever was most common with adenovirus (p = 0.198). All GABHS cultures were negative. Atypical organisms and Bordetella pertussis were negative in all but one patient. CONCLUSIONS Influenza virus is the most likely pathogen in ILI/ARI when CRP ≥ 5 mg/L. This might be explained by tissue destruction. Myalgia is rare with rhinovirus probably due to absence of viremia. Negative bacteria by PCR and culture suggest unnecessary antibiotic use in ILI/ARI.
Economic Justice in an Unfair World: Toward a Level Playing Field - by Ethan B. Kapstein

Economic Justice in an Unfair World is a stimulating, well-researched book combining economic analysis, political philosophy, and contemporary policy, all focused on one key question: What does one mean by economic justice in a world cut through by inequalities of income, bargaining power, and human poverty? It is an ambitious theme and the author pursues it with originality and an extraordinary wealth of quotations and references, exploring the specifics in four key areas of action: international trade, aid, migration and labor rights, and private investment. In the preface and introduction, Ethan Kapstein sets out the key questions underlying his analysis: What possible meanings lie behind the frequently expressed assertion that ‘‘the global economy operates in a way that is fundamentally unfair, particularly to developing countries and to the poor within them’’ (p. 1), and what sort of policies would result from being clearer—and more rigorous—in defining these meanings? Kapstein identifies three models for thinking about economic injustice:
Parametric Macromodeling using Interpolation of Sylvester based State-space Realizations

A novel state-space realization for parametric macromodeling is proposed in this paper. A judicious choice of the state-space realization is required to account for the generally assumed smoothness of the state-space matrices with respect to the design parameters. This is used in combination with suitable interpolation schemes to interpolate a set of state-space matrices, and hence the poles and residues indirectly, in order to build accurate parametric macromodels. The key points are the choice of a proper pivot matrix and the solution of a Sylvester equation for pole placement. Pertinent numerical examples validate the proposed state-space realization for parametric macromodeling.
Interconnection scheme and associated mapping method of reconfigurable cell matrices based on nanoscale devices

This paper describes an interconnection scheme and its associated mapping method, used to program complex functions onto reconfigurable architectures, based on nanoscale logic cells. To interconnect such fine-grain logic cells, classical techniques are not suitable because of a large overhead. Therefore, we propose the use of static and incomplete interconnection topologies. We also propose a method to map functions onto such architectures. To evaluate the 4 different proposed topologies, we test mapping efficiency, performances and fault tolerance. The analyses show that this approach could improve the scalability of traditional EPGAs by a factor of 8.
Younger people in dementia care: A review of service needs, service provision and models of good practice

This paper reviews the literature on younger people (under 65 years of age) with dementia, in dementia care. Seventy-four relevant papers were identified by use of a search strategy derived from the methodology of systematic reviews, the majority of which originated in the UK (69, 93.2%). The need for specialist, flexible, age-appropriate, and dedicated services was a central theme in the literature. A person-centred approach was advocated within an individual or 'tailor made' model of care. However, the available evidence suggests that this model of good practice is not currently reflected in the majority of services provided in the United Kingdom. Overall, the literature argues that the needs of younger people with dementia are best served by inter-agency collaboration, early assessment, and an awareness of individual needs. Clearly, these proposals could usefully serve anybody with dementia, irrespective of age. However, aside from a few prevalence studies, and some exploratory work with small numbers of service users, little in the way of empirical work is available. The recommendations that have been made regarding dementia services for younger people are based largely on the practical experience of professionals and paid carers, rather than scientific evidence.
Paradoxes of Aging

Insightful articles by Kirkwood and other outstanding scientists reveal paradoxes of aging. The source of paradoxes is an assumption that aging is caused by random accumulation of molecular damage. Here I demonstrate that a concept of TOR-driven program-like aging almost automatically resolves eleven paradoxes of aging. This article discusses why the accumulation of molecular damage does not limit life span, why calorie restriction and inhibition of protein synthesis extend life span, why non-existing ‘program’ for aging is nevertheless robust, why a key gene for aging cannot be found by knocking it out, why low insulin is associated with good health but low insulin response with bad health, why aging is not a disease but can be treated as a disease, why ‘healthy’ aging is slow aging, and how do we know that calorie restriction actually slows aging in humans.
Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species on in vitro Filtration of Water and Albumin across Glomerular Basement Membrane

Most of the interest in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) stems from the observation that it undergoes morphological changes in renal disease. Studies on persistent proteinuria in experimental animal models have shown that the permeability properties of the GBM have been altered as a result of protein degradation and cross-linking of type IV collagen via its NC1 domains promoted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and extrusion of tubular cell contents. We used the in vitro ultrafiltration technique to assess permeability properties of bare isolated GBM films to water and albumin in the Munich Wistar Fromter rat model of glomerular injury. Hydraulic permeability for water and albumin solutions and albumin fractional clearances were measured for rats treated with lisinopril [an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor] and were compared with those measured for rats treated with dimethylthiouria (an ROS scavenger) and their control groups, at four pressure levels (50, 100, 200, and 300 mmHg). The ACE inhibitors and ROS scavengers treatment regimens for studied rats in addition to significantly lowering their systolic blood pressure and urinary protein excretion values to normal levels, have significantly increased their in vitro hydraulic and Darcy permeability, which is a measure of the intrinsic hydraulic conductance of the GBM, either in the absence or presence of albumin; in comparison with control animals. We believe that these favorable effects may derive from ROS scavenging beneficial effects that preserve the GBM protein structure by reducing entactin and laminin degradation and type IV collagen cross-linking.
Small Sample Bootstrap Confidence Intervals for Long-Memory Parameter

—The log periodogram regression is widely used in em- pirical applications because of its simplicity, since only a least squares regression is required to estimate the memory parameter, d , its good asymptotic properties and its robustness to misspeciﬁcation of the short term behavior of the series. However, the asymptotic distribution is a poor approximation of the (unknown) ﬁnite sample distribution if the sample size is small. Here the ﬁnite sample performance of dif- ferent nonparametric residual bootstrap procedures is analyzed when applied to construct conﬁdence intervals. In particular, in addition to the basic residual bootstrap, the local and block bootstrap that might adequately replicate the structure that may arise in the errors of the regression are considered when the series shows weak dependence in addition to the long memory component. Bias correcting bootstrap to adjust the bias caused by that structure is also considered. Finally, the performance of the bootstrap in log periodogram regression based conﬁdence intervals is assessed in different type of models and how its performance changes as sample size increases.
Influence of H-2 and non-H-2 genes on resistance to murine cytomegalovirus infection

The resistance of adult mice to acute lethal infection with murine cytomegalovirus is controlled by genes linked to the H-2 complex. The k haplotype is approximately 10 times more resistant than the b or d haplotypes. Susceptibility is inherited as a completely dominant trait. At least two genes within the H-2 complex are involved, one mapping to the K/IA subregion and the other to the D subregion. The data suggest that interactions may occur between these K- and D-end genes which further affect resistance to the virus. The precise mechanism of H-2 gene control of resistance to murine cytomegalovirus remains to be elucidated. Non-H-2 linked genes also affect resistance to the virus, particularly in the C57BL genetic background, which is associated with an increased resistance to murine cytomegalovirus. Newborn mice of all strains are equally susceptible: both the H-2- and the non-H-2-associated resistances develop in the first few weeks of life and are retained up to at least 18 months of age.
Learning spatial weighting via quadratic programming for facial expression analysis

Facial expression analysis is essential for human-computer interface (HCI). For different expressions, different parts of the face play different roles with the distinct movement of facial muscles. In this work, we propose to learn the weight associated with different facial regions for different expressions. The facial feature points are first located accurately based on a graphical model. Based on using the optical flow to represent the facial motion information due to expression, a quadratic programming problem is formulated to learn the optimal spatial weighting from training data such that faces of the same expression category are closer than those of different categories in the weighted optical flow space. We demonstrate the advantages of applying the learned weight to facial expression recognition and intensity estimation through experiments on several well-known facial expression databases.
Evaluating OLSR and B . A . T . M . A . N over D-STAR John Ronan , EI 7 IG

This work examines the performance of both the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol and the Better Approach To Mobile Ad hoc Networking (B.A.T.M.A.N.) protocol over the Digital Smart Technologies for Amateur Radio Digital Data mode (D-Star DD). A comparison was performed with differing parameters to evaluate what impact, if any, they would have on overall goodput, over and above the default settings. In this scenario, with multiple nodes, the experimental results show that the housekeeping data being transmitted by both protocols can significantly and adversely impact the available bandwidth on the channel.
The CtsR regulator of stress response is active as a dimer and specifically degraded in vivo at 37°C

CtsR (class three stress gene repressor) negatively regulates the expression of class III heat shock genes (clpP, clpE and the clpC operon) by binding to a directly repeated heptanucleotide operator sequence (A/GGTCAAA NAN A/GGTCAAA). CtsR‐dependent genes are expressed at a low level at 37°C and are strongly induced under heat shock conditions. We performed a structure/function analysis of the CtsR protein, which is highly conserved among low G+C Gram‐positive bacteria. Random chemical mutagenesis, in vitro cross‐linking, in vivo co‐expression of wild‐type and mutant forms of CtsR and the construction of chimeric proteins with the DNA‐binding domain of the λ CI repressor allowed us to identify three different functional domains within CtsR: a helix‐turn‐helix DNA‐binding domain, a dimerization domain and a putative heat‐sensing domain. We provide evidence suggesting that CtsR is active as a dimer. Transcriptional analysis of a clpP′–bgaB fusion and/or Western blotting experiments using antibodies directed against the CtsR protein indicate that ClpP and ClpX are involved in CtsR degradation at 37°C. This in turn leads to a low steady‐state level of CtsR within the cell, as CtsR negatively autoregulates its own synthesis. This is the first example of degradation of a repressor of stress response genes by the Clp ATP‐dependent protease.
Expression of DBC1 and SIRT1 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis of Gastric Carcinoma

Purpose: SIRT1 (silent mating-type information regulation 2 homologue 1) expression has been reported to predict poor survival in some cancers. We therefore investigated the expression levels of SIRT1 and its negative regulator, DBC1 (deleted in breast cancer 1), in gastric cancer patients. Experimental Design: We evaluated immunohistochemical expression of DBC1, SIRT1, and p53 using 3-mm tumor cores from 177 gastric cancer patients for tissue microarray. Results: Positive expressions of DBC1 and SIRT1 were seen in 62% (109 of 177) and in 73% (130 of 177) of patients, respectively. Expression of DBC1 was significantly correlated with tumor stage (P = 0.007), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), tumor invasion (P = 0.001), venous invasion (P = 0.001), histologic types (P < 0.001), p53 expression (P < 0.001), and SIRT1 expression (P < 0.001). SIRT1 expression was also significantly correlated with tumor stage (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), tumor invasion (P < 0.001), histologic types (P < 0.001), and p53 expression (P = 0.001). In addition, expression of DBC1 was significantly associated with shorter overall survival and relapse-free survival by univariate analysis (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). SIRT1 expression was also significantly associated with shorter overall survival and relapse-free survival by univariate analysis (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor stage and expression of DBC1 were independent prognostic factors significantly associated with overall survival and relapse-free survival. Conclusion: This study shows that expression of DBC1 and SIRT1 is a significant prognostic indicator for gastric carcinoma patients.
Robust Matsui observer tuning under parameter variations based on 2D experimental designs

This paper proposes an original solution for the tuning of a Matsui position observer on a permanent magnet synchronous sensorless drive. In such a redundant observer based on back emf estimation, there is no analytical way for coefficient tuning. The specific structure of this observer includes gains and filters that have to be tuned, in order to reach the best possible convergence. The tuning method in this paper is based on the analysis of parameter influences on a given performance criteria. The most influent parameters and their optimal level are identified and the optimal and robust values for gains and bandwidths are found under different load and velocity conditions with the help of an original 2D experimental design approach. Optimal sets of parameters are identified under large load variations and current measurement noises. As a result, the final sets of parameters achieve effective stability and satisfying convergence performance. First experimental results are shown on an experimental test bench.