Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
prediction of proximal femur fracture : finite element modeling based on mechanical damage and experimental validation

Femoral fractures caused by the osteoporosis become major problem of public health, and therefore, this subject becomes an increasingly important goal for both clinicians and biomedical researchers. The purpose of this study is to develop a new coupled approach to predict the fracture of neck femoral. The current study proposes a validated 2D and 3D finite element (FE) models based on continuum damage mechanics in order to simulate human proximal femur fracture considering the progressive cracks initiation and propagation. These models are applied and validated under single limb stance and sideways fall configuration. Quasi brittle behavior laws coupled to damage are implemented in FORTRAN and fed into ABAQUS/Standard codes to describe the constitutive behavior (subroutine UMAT). Bone mineral density (BMD) is measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the region of interest. The models have been developed within two variants (one isotropic, the other anisotropic) and validated with experimental results of tests performed on human femur samples under single limb stance configuration. During these tests, optical measurements based on the method of digital image correlation (DIC) were conducted to acquire the various fields of displacement and deformation. To calculate the fracture risk of the femoral head, it is necessary to assign correctly the bone material properties. The 3D FE models were able to predict the overall force-displacement curve, location and initiation of femur fractures. Moreover, despite its robustness, this 3D FE model is still limited to be used, within clinically acceptable time, for diagnostic purposes. To overcome this, the model was simplified into 2D model which has been preliminarily validated under identical boundary conditions and the results showed a good correlation with experiments. These studies have highlighted the potential of the finite element model based on quasi-brittle damage to become a complementary tool for predicting the risk of bone fracture.
Thermal Conductivity of Buckled and Puckered Arsenene: An Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (EMD) Simulation

This study aims to calculate the thermal conductivity of buckled and puckered arsene using Molecular Dynamics simulation through Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulation (LAMMPS). Arsenene is the monolayer of arsenic, that belongs to one of its allotropes, the gray metallic arsenic. The temperature varied from 100K, 300K, 500K, and 700K with a fixed dimension of 10nm x 50nm. Also, the length of the material varied from 10nm, 20nm, and 30nm. 40nm and 50nm at a fixed temperature of 300 K with constant width of 10nm. Results show that the main contributor to the increase of thermal conductivity is due to the phonon means free path. As the length increases, the thermal conductivity also increases because of its long mean free path. Moreover, the decreasing thermal conductivity as to the increase in temperature is due to phonon mean free path shrinking, resulting in a reduction in thermal conductivity. At room temperature, the thermal conductivity of buckled and puckered arsenene is found to be 1.8 W/mK and 1.3 W/mK, respectively. This study will provide fresh insight into the thermal properties of buckled and puckered arsenene, which will be useful for nanoelectronics applications.
Analisis Perbandingan Metode Burkhard Keller Tree dan SymSpell dalam Spell Correction Bahasa Indonesia

Dalam pembuatan sistem spell correction banyak faktor yang perlu diperhatikan untuk membuat sistem yang efektif dan berkualitas, salah satunya adalah kecepatan dan kebutuhan sistem. Beberapa metode dapat diterapkan untuk membuat sistem ini. Salah satu metode yang sering ditemui adalah Burkhar Keller Tree atau BK Tree. BK Tree merupakan metode populer yang digunakan dalam sistem spell correction karena kemudahannya, kemudian ada metode Symmetric Delete Spelling Correction atau SymSpell yang dikatakan memiliki kinerja yang sangat baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji dan menganalisa kinerja dari kedua metode tersebut sebagai sistem spell correction untuk Bahasa Indonesia. Hasil penelitian dengan kamus berisi 1.597. 416 kosakata membuktikan metode BK Tree memiliki kinerja kecepatan yang lebih rendah dimana dalam pengujian catatan waktu tertinggi metode ini menyentuh 52 detik, namun metode memiliki kebutuhan sistem yang lebih kecil. Sedangkan metode SymSpell memiliki kinerja kecapatan yang jauh lebih cepat dengan nilai catatan waktu dalam pengujian tertinggi adalah 0.05 detik, namun kebutuhan sistem yang lebih besar. Pada pengujian akurasi didapatkan bahwa kedua metode memiliki hasil yang sama dengan rata-rata nilai accuracy, precision, dan recall secara berurutan sebesar 0,95, 0,89, dan 0,73. Dalam penelitian juga diketahui pentingnya sumber corpus yang digunakan untuk menyusun kamus, dimana penggunaan corpus yang bersumber dari Wikipedia Indonesia yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini masih kurang tepat karena masih ditemukannya kata-kata yang salah dalam penulisan dalam corpus tersebut.
Angular-Dependent THz Modulator with Hybrid Metal-Graphene Metastructures

The coupling effects of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) from metamaterials induce variation in both the frequency and intensity of plasmonic modes. Here, we report an angular-dependent THz modulator with hybrid metal–graphene metastructures. The metastructures composed of the period gold split-rod arrays on top of a monolayer graphene, which show redshift modulation in the THz region with an increasing incident angle due to the strong out-of-plane magnetic flux introduced by the clockwise circular current at the oblique incidence. By utilizing graphene-based actively tunable conductor with ion-gel electrical gating, the THz transmission can be significantly modified. The modulation depth of the hybrid metal–graphene metastructure modulator can reach ~37.6% at 0.62 THz with a gate voltage of −3 V. The theoretical modeling of transmitted dependency on frequency and incident angle is demonstrated at different Fermi energies, which fits well with the experimental results. This hybrid device can offer a useful method for THz applications (such as angle sensors or angular-resolved spectroscopy), where angle-dependent modulation is needed.
How Students Manage Peer Feedback Through a Collaborative Activity in a CS1 Course

In order to boost students’ motivation in practicing their problem-solving skills and give them opportunities to get feedback, we broke our CS1 course routine with a disruptive cross-skilling activity. It relies on collaboration between teams of students where peer feedback (using rubric) stands as the cornerstone to design and build a solution responding to a given problem.This paper aims at formally assessing the peer feedback process across three activity sessions. It also highlights the different success factors supporting peer feedback in that context through a cause and effect diagram. We show that peer feedback fosters primary problem-solving foundations. We also discuss its limitations, namely due to an insufficient granularity in the provided checklist as well as a lack of transversal skills from students, making them less comfortable with peer feedback. Although, by repeating the activity, students could manage it better and better and take more advantage of peer feedback.
Large viewing angle holographic 3D display system based on maximum diffraction modulation

An ideal holographic 3D display should have the characteristics of large viewing angle, full color, and low speckle noise. However, the viewing angle of the holographic 3D display is usually limited by existing strategies, which vastly hinders its extensive application. In this paper, a large viewing angle holographic 3D display system based on maximum diffraction modulation is proposed. The core of the proposed system comprises the spatial light modulators (SLMs) and liquid crystal grating. We also present a new feasible scheme for the realization of large viewing angle holographic 3D display. This is achieved by considering the maximum diffraction angle of SLM as the limited diffraction modulation range of each image point. By doing so, we could not only give access to the maximum hologram size of the object, but also tune the reconstructed image of secondary diffraction by using a self-engineered liquid crystal grating. More importantly, the proposed maximum diffraction modulation scheme enables the viewing angle of the proposed system to be enlarged to 73.4°. The proposed system has huge application potential in the fields such as education, culture, and entertainment.
Whole-Exome Sequencing Identified Two Novel Pathogenic Mutations in the PTCH1 Gene in BCNS

Basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS, OMIM 109400) is a familial cancer syndrome characterized by the development of numerous basal cell cancers and various other developmental abnormalities, including epidermal cysts of the skin, calcified dural folds, keratocysts of the jaw, palmar and plantar pits, ovarian fibromas, medulloblastomas, lymphomesenteric cysts, and fetal rhabdomyomas. BCNS shows autosomal dominant inheritance and is caused by mutations in the patched 1 (PTCH1) gene and the suppressor of the fused homolog (SUFU) gene. In a few cases, variants of patched 2 (PTCH2) have been found in patients who met the criteria for BCNS. In an investigation of 11 Hungarian families who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for BCNS, whole-exome sequencing (WES) and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) identified two novel pathogenic variants (c.2994C>A; p.Cys998Ter and c.814_818del; p.Asn272SerfsTer11), one recently identified variant (c.1737_1745del p.Val580_Val582del), and three recurrent disease-causing variants of the PTCH1 gene with a diagnosis rate of 63.6%. Disease-causing variants were not found for the SUFU and PTCH2 genes. These applied methods could not fully elucidate the genetic background of all the BCNS cases that we investigated. To uncover the missing heritability of BCNS, whole-genome sequencing or an epigenetic approach might be considered in the future.
Bioaccumulation Pattern and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Cirrhinus mrigala at Panjnad Headworks, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Heavy metal accumulation in freshwater ecosystem has become one of the major aquatic environmental concerns for freshwater flora and fauna due to their higher stability and bioaccumulation as well as bio-magnification properties. Furthermore, passing through the food web, these heavy metals affect human populations ultimately. This study assessed the heavy metal accumulation in Cirrhinus mrigala in spring, autumn, and winter at different locations (I, II, and III) of Panjnad headwork. Furthermore, the human health risk assessment for the consumption of C. mrigala from the sampling locations was also carried out. Fish were collected from upper (I), middle (II), and lower (III) stream of Panjnad on a monthly basis. The current study evaluated the accumulation of Aluminum (Al), Arsenic (As), Barium (Ba), and Lead (Pb) in various fish organs (liver, kidney, gills, fins, skin, muscles and bones) and assessed their potential hazard to human health through health risk assessment indicators. The results demonstrated a significant difference (p < 0.05) in heavy metal accumulation in different fish organs, seasons, and locations. The accumulation of Al, As, Ba, and Pb were considerably higher in liver and kidney as compared to the other body organs and followed a trend of liver > kidney > gills > fins > skin > bones > muscle and the overall mean concentrations of metals in different body tissues of C. mrigala were in the order of Al > As > Ba > Pb. The results also concluded that C. mrigala caught from the Panjnad headwork is not safe for human consumption due to higher values of TTHQIng (3.76), THQIng for Ba (3.27) and CRIng for As (6.4742).
Some Studies on Infinite-Dimensional Lie(Super) Algebra

In this thesis, we study some results on infinite dimensional Lie algebras. Total thesis is divided into three parts, i.e., on first part we have determined untwisted affine Kac-Moody symmetric spaces, second part is devoted towards embedding of hypebolic Kac-Moody superalgberas and in the final part we study some branching laws for certain infinite dimensional reductive pair of Lie algebras. Symmetric spaces associated with Lie algebras and Lie groups which are Reimannian manifolds have recently got a lot of attention in various branches of physics and mathematics. Their infinite dimensional counterpart have recently been discovered which are affine Kac-Moody symmetric spaces. We have (algebraically) explicitly computed the affine Kac-Moody symmetric spaces associated with affine Kac-Moody algebras A (1) 1 ,A (1) 2 and A (2) 2 . We have also computed all the affine untwisted Kac-Moody symmetric spaces starting from the Vogan diagrams of the affine untwisted classical Kac-Moody Lie algebras. Root systems and Dynkin diagrams play a vital role in understanding and explaining the structure of corresponding algebras and superalgebras. Here through the help of the Dynkin diagrams and root systems we have given a super symmetric version of a theorem by S. Viswanath for hyperbolic Kac-Moody superalgebras. We have shown that HD(4,1) hyperbolic Kac-Moody superalgbera of rank 6 contains every simplylaced Kac-Moody subalgebra with degenerate odd root as a Lie subalgebra. Branching law is a classical problem in the representation theory of finite dimensional Lie algebras. Let g be a complex Lie algebra, g 0 be the Lie subalgebra of g andV be irreducible g-module then, V is no longer an irreducible g 0 -module. A branching law amounts to a decomposition of V into irreducible g 0 -module. However such a decomposition does not exist necessarily. The branching laws are understandable to some extent, in some nice setting (when g and g 0 are semisimple and V is finite dimensional). But for classical pairs (g,g 0 ) such as (gln ,gln−1 ), (son, son−1) etc. branching laws are explicitly known. Since each classical Lie algebra g fits into a descending family of classical algebras, the irreducible representations of g can be studied inductively. Here we have studied some branching laws for certain pairs (g,g 0 ) of infinite dimensional Lie algebras which are inductive limit of finite dimensional reductive Lie algebras.
Estimation of directed subnetworks in ultra-high dimensional data for gene network problems

The next generation sequencing technology generates ultra high dimensional data. However, it is computationally impractical to estimate an entire Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) under such high dimensionality. In this paper, we discuss two diﬀerent types of problems to estimate subnet-works in ultra high dimensional data. The ﬁrst problem is to estimate DAGs of a subnetwork adjacent to a target gene, and the second problem is to estimate DAGs of multiple subnetworks without information about a target gene. To address each problem, we propose eﬃcient methods to estimate subnetworks by using layer-dependent weights with BIC criteria or by using community detection approaches to identify clusters as subnetworks. We apply such approaches to the gene expression data of breast cancer in TCGA as a practical example.
Fast, Multiple-Use Optical Biosensor for Point-of-Care Glucose Detection with Mobile Devices Based on Bienzyme Cascade Supported on Polyamide 6 Microparticles

Non-invasive glucose determination provides major advantages in health monitoring and protection. It enables widespread point-of-care testing, which is affordable, sensitive, specific, rapid and equipment-free. This work reports on the development and analytical performance of a colorimetric biosensor in detecting glucose in human urine. Highly porous polyamide microparticles were synthesized as the support for the glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) dyad, which was immobilized randomly or consecutively—first HRP and then GOx. The latter system was superior, as GH@PA-C showed much higher activity than the random system, and it was used to prepare the biosensor, along with the 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine chromogen. When in contact with urine, the biosensor displayed a strict linear correlation between the color difference and the glucose concentration in urine in the range of 0.01–3.0 mM, as established by the CIELab image processing algorithm and UV-VIS measurements. The biosensor acted in 20 s and had a detection limit of 30.7 µM in urine, high operational activity at pH = 4–8 and unchanged detection performance after 30 days of storage. Its unique feature is the possibility of multiple consecutive uses without the serious deterioration of the recovery and dispersion values. These characteristics can open the way for new routines in non-invasive personal diabetes detection.
EpoR Activation Stimulates Erythroid Precursor Proliferation by Inducing Phosphorylation of Tyrosine-88 of the CDK-Inhibitor p27Kip1

Erythrocyte biogenesis needs to be tightly regulated to secure oxygen transport and control plasma viscosity. The cytokine erythropoietin (Epo) governs erythropoiesis by promoting cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival of erythroid precursor cells. Erythroid differentiation is associated with an accumulation of the cyclin–dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1, but the regulation and role of p27 during erythroid proliferation remain largely unknown. We observed that p27 can bind to the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR). Activation of EpoR leads to immediate Jak2–dependent p27 phosphorylation of tyrosine residue 88 (Y88). This modification is known to impair its CDK–inhibitory activity and convert the inhibitor into an activator and assembly factor of CDK4,6. To investigate the physiological role of p27–Y88 phosphorylation in erythropoiesis, we analyzed p27Y88F/Y88F knock–in mice, where tyrosine–88 was mutated to phenylalanine. We observed lower red blood cell counts, lower hematocrit levels, and a reduced capacity for colony outgrowth of CFU–Es (colony–forming unit–erythroid), indicating impaired cell proliferation of early erythroid progenitors. Compensatory mechanisms of reduced p27 and increased Epo expression protect from stronger dysregulation of erythropoiesis. These observations suggest that p27–Y88 phosphorylation by EpoR pathway activation plays an important role in the stimulation of erythroid progenitor proliferation during the early stages of erythropoiesis.
Design and Motion Analysis of a Soft-Limb Robot Inspired by Bacterial Flagella

Soft robots demonstrate an impressive ability to adapt to objects and environments. However, current soft mobile robots often use a single mode of movement. This gives soft robots good locomotion performance in specific environments but poor performance in others. In this paper, we propose a leg–wheel mechanism inspired by bacterial flagella and use it to design a leg–wheel robot. This mechanism employs a tendon-driven continuum structure to replicate the bacterial flagellar filaments, while servo and gear components mimic the action of bacterial flagellar motors. By utilizing twisting and swinging motions of the continuum structure, the robot achieves both wheeled and legged locomotion. The paper provides comprehensive descriptions and detailed kinematic analysis of the mechanism and the robot. To verify the feasibility of the robot, a prototype was implemented, and experiments were performed on legged mode, wheeled mode, and post-overturning motion. The experimental results demonstrate that the robot can achieve legged and wheeled motions. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that the robot still has mobility after overturning. This expands the applicability scenarios of the current soft mobile robot.
Nature’s influence on the development of empathy

The aim of the study is to examine whether and to what extent nature connectivity directly impacts an individual’s level of empathy. The results may suggest a positive correlation, potentially serving as a humanitarian tool in the future. The compiled information regarding the beneficial impact of the natural world on an individual’s degree of mental awareness may be relevant in the field of social work due to the increased global demand for adjustments and presence on an emotional level to improve the well-being of society.
On Improved Estimation of The Extreme Value Index with The Use of A Shifted Hill's Estimator

The importance of the heavy-tail phenomenon, and as well as, limitations of methods used to detect and measure this phenomenon, are sustaining incessant progress in the area of extreme value index estimation (EVI). Therefore, the paper is devoted to illuminate possibility of making the Hill’s estimator to be shift-invariant, so that unintended misestimating of the EVI may be reduced. The paper confronts the original Hill’s approach with Aban and Meerschaert’s [2001] ideas, which are, in addition, adopted, and modified by the author. Thus, the three estimation approaches are compared, and their accuracy is assessed by a simulation study. It occurs that in the Pareto distribution case, the best estimates, amongst the considered, seem to be the ones proposed by the author and based on a proper choice of the sample shift. In general, the present study elucidates clear advantages of the shift-invariance approach over the original Hill’s estimator.
Deep Learning-Based Machine Color Emotion Generation

This paper investigates generating machine color emotion through deep learning. The grayscale image colorization model's training process resembles human memory color. Sixty images were recolored and quality evaluated to explore machine generated color impressions. Six experimental samples were recolored under D65, A, CWF, and TL84 light sources. Changes in lightness, chroma, and hue angle compared the original and colorized images, exploring light source effects on machine color perception. Analyzing differences in coloring results within the CIEL* a* b* color space for pixels with equal grayscale verified machine color emotion generation. Results show the machine learns to form color impressions from samples. Different light source color temperatures impact color prediction accuracy. The machine accurately colors images based on semantic context, demonstrating spontaneous color emotion generation through deep learning. This research positively contributes to the development of intelligent devices with color emotion.
Robust Opportunistic Routing Solutions for under water Sensor Networks

The Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) consists of several sensor nodes along the ability of sensing the underwater information, processing, & transmitting the sensed data towards the remote station through the underwater communication protocols. The key challenges of UWSNs related to the low bandwidth, high propagation delay, & more energy consumption. Most of such challenges have been concerning along the design of routing protocol for under water data forwarding. Under this paper, novel opportunistic routing protocols proposed to reliable data forwarding under UW-ASNs along aim of improving the Quality of Service (QoS) performance & energy efficiency. The problem of energy-efficient data forwarding has been solved through utilization the optimum opportunistic route construction algorithm utilization the Advanced Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO) & local properties of sensor nodes. The proposed protocol called like Opportunistic under water routing utilization APSO (OUR-APSO). Under OUR-APSO, the functionality of relay node evaluation designed utilization the local information such like Node Degree Probability (NDP) along ratio of Energy Decreased & Packet Delivery Probability to connect next forwarder node to enhance the reliability of the network. NDP means the number of neighbours to forward incoming traffic. If there have been only a few relay nodes & all having the low ECR & PDP, then it can lead to network failure. Thus considering the nodes, the next relay node selected basis on outcome probability utilization for ECR, PDP & NDP properties of all neighbouring sensor nodes. The simulation result proves the efficiency of proposed protocol.