Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generalized epilepsies: a review.

Hans Luders, M.D., Ph.D. Ronald P. Lesser, M.D. Dudley S. Dinner, M.D. Harold H. Morris III, M.D. In this discussion of the pathophysiology of generalized seizures, the authors conclude that current evidence supports a primarily cortical origin, and that there is a continuum between strictly partial seizures at one end of the spectrum and definite generalized seizures at the other. Typical interictal electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns seen in patients with generalized seizures and their clinical correlations are discussed, and the ictal EEG patterns are subdivided according to their relationship to interictal EEG patterns. Special tests, such as sleep, photic stimulation, hyperventilation, evoked potentials, computer analysis, and prolonged EEG video-monitoring, which enhance diagnostic ability, are reviewed.
Homeobox Genes, Retinoic Acid and the Development and Evolution of Dual Body Plans in the Ascidian Herdmania curvata1

Abstract Ascidians, along with other urochordates, are the most evolutionary distant group from vertebrates to display definitive chordate-specific characters, such as a notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharynx and endostyle. Most solitary ascidians have a biphasic life history that has partitioned the development of these characters between a planktonic microscopic tadpole larva (notochord and dorsal nerve cord) and a larger sessile adult (pharynx and endostyle). Very little is known of the molecular axial patterning processes operating during ascidian postlarval development. Two axial patterning homeobox genes Otx and Cdx are expressed in a spatially restricted manner along the ascidian anteroposterior axis during embryogenesis and postlarval development (i.e., metamorphosis). Comparisons of these patterns with those of homologous cephalochordate and vertebrate genes suggest that the novel ascidian biphasic body plan was not accompanied by a deployment of these genes into new pathways but by a heterochronic shift in tissue-specific expression. Studies examining the role of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) in axial patterning in chordates also contribute to our understanding of the role of homeobox genes in the development of larval and adult ascidian body plans. Our studies demonstrate that RA does not regulate axial patterning in the developing ascidian larval neuroaxis in a manner homologous to that found in vertebrates. Although RA may regulate the expression of some ascidian homeobox genes, ectopic application of RA does not appear to alter the morphology of the larval CNS. However, treatment with similar or lower concentrations of RA, have a profound effect on postlarval development and the juvenile body plan. These changes are correlated to a dramatic reduction of Otx expression. Through these RA-induced effects we infer that while RA may regulate the expression of some homeobox genes during embryogenesis it has a far more dramatic impact on postlarval development where regulative processes predominate.
Paraneoplastische neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung Paraneoplastische neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen sind tumor- assoziierte Syndrome, die nicht durch eine lokale Wirkung des Tumors oder seiner Metastasen verursacht sind. Diese Erkrankungsgruppe umfasst die Polymyositis / Dermatomyositis und einige seltene Muskelerkrankungen, die Übertragungsstörungen der neuromuskulären Synapse (Lambert-Eaton myasthenes Syndrom, Neuromyotonie) und die paraneoplastischen Polyneuropathien. Die Myasthenia gravis wird in einer anderen Leitlinie beschrieben. Pathogenetisch liegt eine tumor-induzierte Autoimmunreaktion gegen Strukturen von Nerv oder Muskel zugrunde. Während bei paraneoplastischen Polyneuropathien häufig spezifische antineuronale Antikörper nachweisbar sind, finden sich bei paraneoplastischen und nicht-paraneoplastischen neuromuskulären Übertragungsstörungen jeweils die gleichen Autoantikörper. Auch die paraneoplastischen Myositiden lassen sich bisher nicht durch die Autoimmundiagnostik erkennen. Da mehr als die Hälfte dieser Erkrankungen der Entdeckung des Tumors vorausgehen, ist eine sorgfältige Tumorsuche notwendig. Die neuromuskulären Übertragungsstörungen und die Polymyositis / Dermatomyositis sprechen häufig gut auf eine immunsuppressive Therapie an. Ein Teil der paraneoplastischen Polyneuropathien stabilisiert sich unter der Therapie des Tumors, in wenigen Fällen ist ein Ansprechen auf Immunsuppressiva möglich.
Augmentation of Kv4.2-encoded Currents by Accessory Dipeptidyl Peptidase 6 and 10 Subunits Reflects Selective Cell Surface Kv4.2 Protein Stabilization*

Background: Somatodendritic Kv4-encoded A-Type K+ current densities are enhanced by both cytosolic K+ channel interacting proteins (KChIPs) and transmembrane dipeptidyl peptidases (DPPs). Results: DPPs selectively stabilize cell surface Kv4 protein expression, whereas KChIPs stabilize total and surface Kv4 protein expression. Conclusion: DPPs regulate Kv4-encoded current densities through mechanisms distinct from the KChIPs. Significance: Multiple mechanisms determine functional Kv4 channel densities. Rapidly activating and inactivating somatodendritic voltage-gated K+ (Kv) currents, IA, play critical roles in the regulation of neuronal excitability. Considerable evidence suggests that native neuronal IA channels function in macromolecular protein complexes comprising pore-forming (α) subunits of the Kv4 subfamily together with cytosolic, K+ channel interacting proteins (KChIPs) and transmembrane, dipeptidyl peptidase 6 and 10 (DPP6/10) accessory subunits, as well as other accessory and regulatory proteins. Several recent studies have demonstrated a critical role for the KChIP subunits in the generation of native Kv4.2-encoded channels and that Kv4.2-KChIP complex formation results in mutual (Kv4.2-KChIP) protein stabilization. The results of the experiments here, however, demonstrate that expression of DPP6 in the mouse cortex is unaffected by the targeted deletion of Kv4.2 and/or Kv4.3. Further experiments revealed that heterologously expressed DPP6 and DPP10 localize to the cell surface in the absence of Kv4.2, and that co-expression with Kv4.2 does not affect total or cell surface DPP6 or DPP10 protein levels. In the presence of DPP6 or DPP10, however, cell surface Kv4.2 protein expression is selectively increased. Further addition of KChIP3 in the presence of DPP10 markedly increases total and cell surface Kv4.2 protein levels, compared with cells expressing only Kv4.2 and DPP10. Taken together, the results presented here demonstrate that the expression and localization of the DPP accessory subunits are independent of Kv4 α subunits and further that the DPP6/10 and KChIP accessory subunits independently stabilize the surface expression of Kv4.2.
W.O. Carpenter and the California Gold Rush: the making of entrepreneurial opportunities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to trace the entrepreneurial opportunity identification process of William Oscar Carpenter (WOC), a nineteenth century farmer, who went to California in 1850 to make his fortune in gold mining and ended up starting several new business ventures. The paper seeks to recount WOC's experiences and then apply them to similar issues faced by entrepreneurs in a modern‐day developing economy.Design/methodology/approach – Using qualitative inquiry through archival research, the paper examines a compilation of WOC's letters to his future wife in New York. The letters provide a detailed account of the hardships and poor living conditions faced by gold seekers. The letters are examined and interpreted in the context of opportunity identification and the California Gold Rush, then applied to contemporary entrepreneurs.Findings – WOC's letters elucidate the difficulties encountered making the trip from the East Coast to California, give later generations an historical viewpoint on.
Assessment of vocational functioning in serious mental illness: A review of situational assessment and performance based measures

There has been an intensified focus on assessment of community functioning in individuals with serious mental illness (SMI). Several reviews of functional measures for SMI have been published, yet the assessment of vocational functioning has received limited attention. The purpose of this review was to describe existing measures of vocational functioning developed for individuals with SMI. Twelve measures were identified: 9 situational assessments and 3 performance based measures. Information on the development, intended purpose, administration and psychometric properties of each measure was compiled from published reports. To further evaluate and compare these measures they were each rated on 4 criteria: practicality, reliability, validity, and comprehensiveness. Results indicated that no single measure emerged as superior across all criteria. Most measures had adequate reliability and tended to be well validated, particularly those developed in a research context, while situational assessments had greater practicality. Few measures provided information on their sensitivity to change as a result of intervention. Suggestions for use of specific measures for clinical assessment and outcome evaluation purposes are presented. Challenges to implementation of these measures in contemporary vocational rehabilitation settings are identified and the need for further research in this area is highlighted.
Ethical decision making: on balancing right and wrong

Possessing private information allows people to dishonestly benefit themselves on the expense of others. While evidence for dishonesty in society is clear, people often lie in modest ways. Using minor lies allows people to simultaneously benefit financially while feeling honest. However, these minor dishonest acts cost a fortune to society. It is thus important to advance our understanding about factors that influence people’s likelihood to use such type of minor dishonesty. Here we provided evidence that people suffer a psychological cost of the mere act of lying, that they use justifications as these allow them to dishonestly gain money while maintaining feeling honest, and finally that people are averse of social situations which allow them to use their information advantage to deceive other people in order to profit themselves. People clearly engage in ethical balancing between what feels ethically right and what feels ethically wrong. This dissertation provides insight into the way that people strike the ethical balance between what feels right and what feels wrong.
The evolved developmental niche and child sociomoral outcomes in Chinese 3-year-olds

Responsive parenting is known to lead to multiple positive child outcomes, including sociomoral development. We examined the extent to which additional caregiving practices are also critical for positive sociomoral outcomes in early childhood. We looked specifically at what we call the evolved developmental niche (EDN), as described for young children by anthropologists, which includes frequent touch, breastfeeding, caregiver responsiveness, multiple adult caregivers, play, and natural childbirth. We collected behaviour and attitude data on these practices from 383 mothers of 3-year-olds in China using a self-report maternal survey. Mothers also completed standardized measures of their child's behaviour regulation, empathy, and conscience. We found significant effects for most caregiving practices and attitudes on child outcomes after controlling for maternal income and education, and most effects remained significant after controlling for responsivity. These findings suggest that practices representative of the evolved developmental niche may be important, above and beyond responsivity alone, for fostering sociomoral development.
Security enhancement in cooperative jamming using compromised secrecy region minimization

A cooperative jamming system is investigated to enhance security of wireless communications in the presence of eavesdroppers. Different from traditional wireless security strategies that maximize secrecy capacity, a novel strategy based on the minimization of compromised secrecy region (CSR) is proposed. The secrecy region with a given secrecy outage probability is derived by considering path-loss and fading channel effects. Through numerical approximation of the outage probability, the optimal location and allocated power of the jammer are calculated to minimize the CSR which exhibits high secrecy outage probability. Without knowing the exact location of the randomly-distributed eavesdropper, our proposed scheme provides a new optimization criterion based on this compromised area minimization, thereby increasing the security level in cooperative jamming systems. Numerical results further validate the proposed CSR minimization scheme for cooperative jamming.
A Method to Improve Torque Density and Reduce Magnetization Current in a Variable-Flux Flux-Intensifying Interior Permanent Magnet Machine

This paper mainly proposes a method to improve torque density and reduce magnetization current of a variable- flux flux-intensifying interior permanent magnet machine (VFI-IPM) which utilizes low coercive-force magnet material AlNiCo. Since the d-axis inductance is higher than q-axis inductance in the VFI-IPM and the saliency ratio is not that high as conventional IPM machine, the reluctance torque of the VFI-IPM is low which is not favorable for high torque density and wide constant power region. What's more, the remnant magnetism of AlNiCo is always lower than rare-earth magnets, leading to a lower torque output. So it's necessary to take measures to obtain high torque density. On the other hand, the magnetization current of VFI-IPM is a key parameter for inverter rating which affects the cost the machine directly. Therefore, it's also needed to investigate methods to reduce the magnetization current. A method is proposed to improve the torque density and reduce the magnetization current based on the original topology of the VFI-IPM which includes the process for rotor molding.
A pilot investigation of Quest Institute Cognitive Hypnotherapy services using Improving Access to Psychological Therapies as the benchmark

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the treatment effects of Quest cognitive hypnotherapy (QCH) on anxiety and depression, and make comparisons with published data from the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) project. Design/methodology/approach – Adult clients of QCH therapists were invited to enrol in a Practice Research Network (PRN) and completed pre- and post-therapy measures of anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9). Findings – Post-treatment scores were available for 83 of the 106 clients reaching caseness (above the clinical cut-off on either or both measures) on their pre-treatment scores. Totally, 59 clients had moved to recovery, representing 71 per cent of cases where post scores were available and 56 per cent of the intent to treat (ITT) population (106 clients). Additionally, including all cases (both above and below cut-offs) 118 clients had post-treatment measures. In total, 86 (73 per cent) clients improved reliably. The mean number of treatment sessions w.
Threebrane Absorption and Emission from a Brane-Antibrane System

We show that a previously proposed model based on a D3-brane--anti-D3-brane system at finite temperature can reproduce the low-frequency absorption and emission probabilities of the black threebrane of Type IIB supergravity arbitrarily far from extremality, for arbitrary partial waves of a minimal scalar field. Our calculations cover in particular the case of the neutral threebrane, which corresponds to the Schwarzschild black hole in seven dimensions. Our results provide not only significant evidence in favor of the brane-antibrane model, but also a rationale for the condition that the energies of the two component gases agree with one another. In the course of our analysis we correct previous results on the absorption probabilities of the near-extremal threebrane, and extend them to the far-from-extremal regime.
Taking It with You: Teacher Education and the Baggage of Cultural Dialogue

This case study contributes to counterpoints made to world culture theory and underscores that at the micro, classroom-level, rural Chinese teachers in a reform-oriented professional development course, and reform-oriented U.S. teacher trainers, understand educational reform, and the realities of education in these two cultures, very differently. This study examines interviews conducted with U.S. teachers of English who taught the Oral English Training Course (OETC), a professional development course for rural Chinese teachers of English in Jiangxi province from 2007 to 2013. These teachers reveal how their own understandings and assumptions around teaching and learning shape what and how they teach, and how they evaluate the work of others. This study explains that included in the literal baggage of these foreign teachers teaching in China, is their figurative baggage, which includes their own cultural lens. The thrust of this study lies in uncovering the ideologies, assumptions, and educative constructs of foreign teachers, how these may be perceived by the Chinese teachers that they teach, and how all of this is steeped in the realities in education and the individual experiences of local actors. This study ends with recommendations for collaboration between foreign teachers of English in China, and their students, particularly Chinese teachers of English in China.
DeltAMT: A Statistical Algorithm for Fast Detection of Protein Modifications From LC-MS/MS Data*

Identification of proteins and their modifications via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is an important task for the field of proteomics. However, because of the complexity of tandem mass spectra, the majority of the spectra cannot be identified. The presence of unanticipated protein modifications is among the major reasons for the low spectral identification rate. The conventional database search approach to protein identification has inherent difficulties in comprehensive detection of protein modifications. In recent years, increasing efforts have been devoted to developing unrestrictive approaches to modification identification, but they often suffer from their lack of speed. This paper presents a statistical algorithm named DeltAMT (Delta Accurate Mass and Time) for fast detection of abundant protein modifications from tandem mass spectra with high-accuracy precursor masses. The algorithm is based on the fact that the modified and unmodified versions of a peptide are usually present simultaneously in a sample and their spectra are correlated with each other in precursor masses and retention times. By representing each pair of spectra as a delta mass and time vector, bivariate Gaussian mixture models are used to detect modification-related spectral pairs. Unlike previous approaches to unrestrictive modification identification that mainly rely upon the fragment information and the mass dimension in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the proposed algorithm makes the most of precursor information. Thus, it is highly efficient while being accurate and sensitive. On two published data sets, the algorithm effectively detected various modifications and other interesting events, yielding deep insights into the data. Based on these discoveries, the spectral identification rates were significantly increased and many modified peptides were identified.
Scenes: Social Context in an Age of Contingency

This article builds on an important but underdeveloped social science concept—the "scene" as a cluster of urban amenities—to contribute to social science theory and subspecialties such as urban and rural, class, race and gender studies. Scenes grow more important in less industrial, more expressively-oriented and contingent societies where traditional constraints fall and self-motivated action around consumption, leisure and amenities is a more important feature of social cohesiveness and interaction. Scenes contextualize the individual through amenities and consumption-based expressions of shared sensibilities as to what is right, beautiful and genuine. This framework adds to concepts such as neighborhood and workplace by specifying 15 dimensions of the urban scenescape. Like neighborhood and workplace, scenes reduce anomie, but because of their focus on consumption and the use of specific amenities, they are more consistent with today's ethos of contingency, moving beyond traditional ideas of the fundamental power of social, family and occupational background. We introduce a new amenities-focused database to measure and analyze scenes and their dimensions for each of 40,000 U.S. zip codes. We illustrate the framework by applying it to one distinct type of scene, bohemia, and analyze its position in the broader social system.
Domain theory and integration

We present a domain-theoretic framework for measure theory and integration of bounded read-valued functions with respect to bounded Borel measures on compact metric spaces. The set of normalised Borel measures of the metric space can be embedded into the maximal elements of the normalised probabilistic power domain of its upper space. Any bounded Borel measure on the compact metric space can then be obtained as the least upper bound of an /spl omega/-chain of linear combinations of point valuations (simple valuations) on the zipper space, thus providing a constructive setup for these measures. We use this setting to develop a theory of integration based on a new notion of integral which generalises and shares all the basic properties of the Riemann integral. The theory provides a new technique for computing the Lebesgue integral. It also leads to a new algorithm for integration over fractals of iterated function systems. <<ETX>>
Contribution of Different Mechanisms to Pancreatic Beta-cell Hyper-secretion in Non-obese Diabetic (NOD) Mice during Pre-diabetes*

Background: Pre-diabetic islet hyper-secretion is crucial to the development of the disease but the mechanisms remain unknown. Results: We reveal dynamic changes in beta-cell mass and function in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice of different ages. Conclusion: Beta-cell mass increase and individual beta-cell secretory ability enhancement contribute to islet hyperactivity at different stages. Significance: This may provide insights into alteration of beta-cell function during the disease progression. The development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) results from the selective destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. Both humans and spontaneous models of IDDM, such as NOD mice, have an extended pre-diabetic stage. Dynamic changes in beta-cell mass and function during pre-diabetes, such as insulin hyper-secretion, remain largely unknown. In this paper, we evaluated pre-diabetic female NOD mice at different ages (6, 10, and 14 weeks old) to illustrate alterations in beta-cell mass and function as disease progressed. We found an increase in beta-cell mass in 6-week-old NOD mice that may account for improved glucose tolerance in these mice. As NOD mice aged, beta-cell mass progressively reduced with increasing insulitis. In parallel, secretory ability of individual beta-cells was enhanced due to an increase in the size of slowly releasable pool (SRP) of vesicles. Moreover, expression of both SERCA2 and SERCA3 genes were progressively down-regulated, which facilitated depolarization-evoked secretion by prolonging Ca2+ elevation upon glucose stimulation. In summary, we propose that different mechanisms contribute to the insulin hyper-secretion at different ages of pre-diabetic NOD mice, which may provide some new ideas concerning the progression and management of type I diabetes.