Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Governance and value creation in hybrid organisations: a comparative case study of Sistema B and B Corps in Brazil

B Corps is a growing contemporary phenomenon, attracting not only the media attention, but also entrepreneurs interested in developing organisations that set their purpose to “redefine success in business” and “use the power of business to solve social and environmental problems” (B Lab, 2012). By combining two different logics (i.e. social and economic), B Corps are regarded as hybrid organisations. Battilana and Lee (2014) have made a significant contribution to the literature on the hybrid organisation, by providing an ideal type that makes it easier to examine this kind of organisation. However, we claim that the literature on this topic should go beyond that ideal type and engage in the challenges and opportunities that surround hybrid organisations in daily life practices. The lack of studies on B Corps worldwide and mostly in Brazil presents the empirical gaps for our research to address. Additionally, the overlook of the governance role and concentration of studies in the hybridity tensions, within the institutional logics literature, provide us with two theoretical gaps. They are explored by giving governance its prominent role in enabling hybridity and bringing three other concepts to advance the literature of hybrid organisations, such as stakeholder engagement, value creation and business model. A comparative case study method is employed to analyse five organisations, four B Corps (i.e. Abramar, Avante, Combio and Via Gutenberg) and Sistema B Brazil. The analysis reveals that governance is pivotal in the creation of social, economic and ecological values contemplated in the organisation’s business model. Moreover, there is enough evidence to support that stakeholders’ participation and engagement is what enable governance to access those values in the business model. As a result, a new conceptualisation for hybrid organisations, in the context of B Corps, is proposed.
Advances in the treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been widely used for the treatment of hematologic malignant and non‐malignant hematologic diseases and other diseases. However, acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is a life‐threatening complication of allogeneic transplantation. Acute GVHD may occur in 30% of transplant recipients, which is a syndrome of erythematous skin eruption, cholestatic liver disease and intestinal dysfunction, resulting from the activation of donor T lymphocytes by host antigen‐presenting cells, resulting in an immune‐mediated inflammatory response. Recent scientific advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis involved in the development of acute GVHD and clinical investigation have provided more effective therapeutic strategies for acute GVHD. This review focuses on major scientific and clinical advances in the treatment of acute GVHD.
An Observation on the Students' Everyday Life Behaviors in College English Class

Classroom is a power territorial field with teacher and platform as the power sources. Teacher acts not only as the authority of knowledge imparting, but as the keeper and coordinator of the classroom orders. However, even under the surveillance of the teacher, everyday life behaviors manifest themselves in the following ways: spatially, they choose their own seats; temporally, they bargain with teacher and replace their behaviors etc. Such everyday life behaviors cause immense negative impacts: teachers’ classroom emotion, the waste of teaching resources and pollution of the classroom.
Green cone opsin and rhodopsin regulation by CNTF and staurosporine in cultured chick photoreceptors.

PURPOSE To investigate the regulation of visual pigment expression in chick embryo photoreceptor cells by ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and by the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine. METHODS Embryonic day (ED) 8 chick embryo retinal cells were dissociated and cultured at low densities for 3 days, either in control medium or in medium supplemented with CNTF or staurosporine. The cultures were analyzed by immunocytochemistry with the monoclonal antibody Rho4D2, which recognizes chicken rhodopsin and green cone pigment, and by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blot analysis to investigate visual pigment expression at the mRNA level. RESULTS CNTF increased the number of Rho4D2-immunoreactive photoreceptors in retinal cell cultures, in agreement with previous reports. RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis, however, showed that rhodopsin mRNA was undetectable in both control and CNTF-treated cultures but that CNTF induced significant increases in mRNA levels for the green cone pigment. Staurosporine-treated cultures also had more Rho4D2-immunoreactive cells than control cultures, but this increase was accompanied by induction of rhodopsin expression, with concomitant decreases in levels of green cone pigment mRNA. No significant differences were found between CNTF- or staurosporine-treated cultures and the corresponding control cultures regarding the red cone pigment, which was expressed in all cases, and the blue and violet pigments, which were not detected in any of the samples. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that multiple regulatory systems control visual pigment expression during differentiation of chick embryo photoreceptor cells. CNTF appears to stimulate specifically the differentiation of green cones, without the previously suggested effects on the differentiation of rod photoreceptors in ED 8 chick retinal cultures.
Effects of Valence and Origin of Emotions in Word Processing Evidenced by Event Related Potential Correlates in a Lexical Decision Task

This paper presents behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) correlates of emotional word processing during a lexical decision task (LDT). We showed that valence and origin (two distinct affective properties of stimuli) help to account for the ERP correlates of LDT. The origin of emotion is a factor derived from the emotion duality model. This model distinguishes between the automatic and controlled elicitation of emotional states. The subjects’ task was to discriminate words from pseudo-words. The stimulus words were carefully selected to differ with respect to valence and origin whilst being matched with respect to arousal, concreteness, length and frequency in natural language. Pseudo-words were matched to words with respect to length. The subjects were 32 individuals aged from 19 to 26 years who were invited to participate in an EEG study of lexical decision making. They evaluated a list of words and pseudo-words. We found that valence modulated the amplitude of the FN400 component (290–375 ms) at centro-frontal (Fz, Cz) region, whereas origin modulated the amplitude of the component in the LPC latency range (375–670 ms). The results indicate that the origin of stimuli should be taken into consideration while deliberating on the processing of emotional words.
Motivation, Satisfaction, and Retention of Sport Management Student Volunteers

Sport management programs often partner with intercollegiate athletic departments or community sport organizations to provide student volunteers. Motivating, satisfying, and retaining the student population may constitute a challenge for academic program stakeholders. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between motivation, satisfaction, and retention of volunteers at undergraduate sport management programs. Three hundred and twenty-two undergraduate students from five Midwestern institutions completed a 46-item questionnaire assessing their volunteer motivation, satisfaction, and retention. Results indicated students were predominantly motivated to volunteer by Love of Sport and Career motivation factors. Career, Social, Understanding, and Enhancement motivations significantly aided in predicting satisfaction, while Career, Social, and satisfaction significantly predicted retention. Implications for sport management academic programs and directions for future research are discussed.
Economic Assimilation and Outmigration of Immigrants in West-Germany

By analyzing earnings of observed immigrants workers, the literature on the economic assimilation of immigrants has generally overlooked two potentially important selectivity issues.First, earnings of immigrant workers may di? er substantially from those of non-workers.Second, earnings of immigrants who do not return to their native country may differ from earnings of outmigrants. Economic theory has contradictory predictions on the signs of these potential selection biases.This paper uses data drawn from 8 waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel and estimates a three-equation model of income, work and outmigration decisions taking into account time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity across individuals.We -nd strong evidence in favor of negative outmigration selection in both the earnings and work equations.Simulation results show that the magnitude of the outmigration bias is important.
A proposal framework for adoption of electronic payment services by Iranian customers

Electronic payment is widely use in all over the world, but it is not common yet in Iran. The objective of this research is to investigate customer adoption of electronic payments by empirically examining the adoption determinants that are specific for the electronic payment context. The study contributes to existing e-payment and adoption research by presenting a detailed description of factors that enhance and inhibit electronic payment adoption, and by giving propositions for future research of this emerging topic. For this aim, we are going to review some adoption theories and previous studies which have been done in adoption electronic payment area and extract the most significant factor and finally we are going to develop a appropriate model for electronic payment adoption for Iranian customers. The proposed conceptual model combines the TAM, diffusion of innovation and PCI models, adding the factors of security, cost, perceived risk, culture, trust, service quality and network externalities. Also the suitable methodology for doing this research will be explained.
Structure of the nuclease domain of ribonuclease III from M. tuberculosis at 2.1 Å

RNase III enzymes are a highly conserved family of proteins that specifically cleave double‐stranded (ds)RNA. These proteins are involved in a diverse group of functions, including ribosomal RNA processing, mRNA maturation and decay, snRNA and snoRNA processing, and RNA interference. Here we report the crystal structure of the nuclease domain of RNase III from the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although globally similar to other RNase III folds, this structure has some features not observed in previously reported models. These include the presence of an additional metal ion near the catalytic site, as well as conserved secondary structural elements that are proposed to have functional roles in the recognition of dsRNAs.
Composite methods for improving Spray and Wait routing protocol in Delay Tolerant Networks

Delay Tolerant Networks have been emerged to support intermittent connectivity of frequently partitioned networks. A routing issue of Delay Tolerant Networks is concerned about the extremely long delay of opportunistic intermittent connections. For considering routing protocols of Delay Tolerant Networks, a forwarding decision and the buffer management scheme are important to improve the successful message delivery opportunity. In this paper, we propose the composite methods to improve Spray and Wait routing protocol. The proposed method consists of the use of an ACK message and message forwarding based on the delivery probability. The proposed composite methods can resolve the disadvantages of Spray and Wait routing protocol. In according to the simulation, the proposed method shows better delivery rate and lower communication overhead compared to other routing protocols.
Numerical simulation of the near-field optical head with a triangular aperture

1. Introduction Recent rapid advances in information society demand large-capacity and high-speed access capabilities even for optical data storage. Near-field surface recording technology, which utilizes an aperture-mounted head slider, has been vigorously studiedp3 due to its high density recording potential. One of the problems of near-field recording system is its low signal-to-noise ratio, and an optical aperture is required to realize high signal output and high spatial resolution simultaneously. Recently, in order to solve this problem, various configurations of novel near-field aperture have been proposed and their performances are validated in numerical simulationq6. In this paper, we propose a new aperture configuration, a near-field optical head with a triangular aperture, and perform numerical simulations to reveal its optical performance through our developed three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) method. 2. Analysis Model Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the analysis model including a triangular aperture head and a metal-coated medium. The shape of the triangular aperture head is a pyramid of an equilateral triangle with a taper angle of 45 degrees, and its shading material is Aluminum. The length of the side of the triangular aperture at the end of the head is 200 nm. Incident light of the linearly polarized plane wave with a wavelength of 680 nm normally illuminates the triangular aperture head. A recording medium, which consists of glass substrate and 40-nm thick Chromium layer having a 100-nm wide space, is placed a few tens of nm (separation: h) apart from the aperture, and moves in lateral direction. The electric energy distribution (=I El *) i s calculated for a measure of the near field energy, and the transmitted optical energy is obtained by integrating the normal Poynting vector component, considering it as a far-field sensed signal. 3. Simulation Results without a Recording Medium First we performed calculations, without considering head-medium interactions to reveal fundamental characteristics of the triangular aperture head. Figure 2 shows the energy distributions of the triangular aperture for X-polarization and Ypolarization on the XY plane just below and 30 nm apart from the aperture. We can see that the energy distribution of the triangular aperture strongly depends on the polarization state, and especially in the case of X polarization, the energy is enhanced at the only one side of the triangular aperture due to the edge enhancement effect. While the circular and rectangular aperture usually show the energy enhancement at both edges of the …
Recovery from bleaching is mediated by threshold densities of background thermo-tolerant symbiont types in a reef-building coral

Sensitive molecular analyses show that most corals host a complement of Symbiodinium genotypes that includes thermo-tolerant types in low abundance. While tolerant symbiont types are hypothesized to facilitate tolerance to temperature and recovery from bleaching, empirical data on their distribution and relative abundance in corals under ambient and stress conditions are still rare. We quantified visual bleaching and mortality of coral hosts, along with relative abundance of C- and D-type Symbiodinium cells in 82 Acropora millepora colonies from three locations on the Great Barrier Reef transplanted to a central inshore site over a 13 month period. Our analyses reveal dynamic change in symbiont associations within colonies and among populations over time. Coral bleaching and declines in C- but not D-type symbionts were observed in transplanted corals. Survival and recovery of 25% of corals from one population was associated with either initial D-dominance or an increase in D-type symbionts that could be predicted by a minimum pre-stress D : C ratio of 0.003. One-third of corals from this population became D dominated at the bleached stage despite no initial detection of this symbiont type, but failed to recover and died in mid to late summer. These results provide a predictive threshold minimum density of background D-type symbionts in A. millepora, above which survival following extreme thermal stress is increased.
Integrin-linked kinase regulates migration and proliferation of human intestinal cells under a fibronectin-dependent mechanism

Integrin‐linked kinase (ILK) plays a role in integrin signaling‐mediated extracellular matrix (ECM)–cell interactions and also acts as a scaffold protein in functional focal adhesion points. In the present study, we investigated the expression and roles of ILK in human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in vivo and in vitro. Herein, we report that ILK and its scaffold‐function interacting partners, PINCH‐1, α‐parvin, and β‐parvin, are expressed according to a decreasing gradient from the bottom of the crypt (proliferative/undifferentiated) compartment to the tip of the villus (non‐proliferative/differentiated) compartment, closely following the expression pattern of the ECM/basement membrane component fibronectin. The siRNA knockdown of ILK in human IECs caused a loss of PINCH‐1, α‐parvin, and β‐parvin expression, along with a significant decrease in cell proliferation via a loss of cyclin D1 and an increase in p27 and hypophosphorylated pRb expression levels. ILK knockdown severely affected cell spreading, migration, and restitution abilities, which were shown to be directly related to a decrease in fibronectin deposition. All ILK knockdown‐induced defects were rescued with exogenously deposited fibronectin. Altogether, our results indicate that ILK performs crucial roles in the control of human intestinal cell and crypt–villus axis homeostasis—especially with regard to basement membrane fibronectin deposition—as well as cell proliferation, spreading, and migration. J. Cell. Physiol. 222: 387–400, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detecting threats of violence in online discussions

This thesis presents research and experiments on the task of threat detection in online discussions, using natural language processing in a machine learning approach. We use an existing data set of manually annotated YouTube comments, that we enrich with linguistic information. We create classifiers for the detection of threats of violence, by extracting linguistic features from the data set, as well as from external sources. The data set we use contains manually annotated 28, 000 sentences from 10, 000 YouTube comments. The work performed on the data set for this thesis includes restructuring the data set, so that the data is structured with both a comment level, and a sentence level. We enrich the data set, the YouTube threat corpus, with linguistic information, and convert it to the CoNLL format. We enrich the data set with lexical information, and morphosyntactic information through PoS-tagging and dependency parsing. We use the YouTube threat corpus to extract lexical and morphosyntactic features, that we use when constructing classifiers for the detection of threats of violence. We also create features using WordNet synsets, and Brown clusters. Through our exhaustive experiments, we test the addition of these features to various classification models. We also test and evaluate multiple classification frameworks for this task. Through our empirical testing, we conclude that lexical features make the best classifiers for the task of threat detection. We also conclude that using these lexical representations of tokens in bag-of and n-gram feature templates results in better classification models than using the dependency triple feature template. We also show that morphosyntactic and semantic features are not able to outperform feature sets with lexical representations of tokens either in bag-of representations, or as backoff from n-grams or dependency triples.
Structural Evidence that Propofol Stabilizes Different GABAA Receptor States at Potentiating and Activating Concentrations

The GABAA receptor is a target of many general anesthetics, such as propofol. General anesthetic binding sites are distinct from the GABA binding sites. At low concentrations, the anesthetics potentiate the currents induced by submaximal GABA concentrations. At higher concentrations the anesthetics directly activate GABAA receptors. In contrast, benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, only potentiate currents induced by submaximal GABA concentrations. Channel kinetic studies suggest that these drugs stabilize different receptor states. We previously showed that the accessibility of the anionic sulfhydryl reagentp-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate (pCMBS−) applied extracellularly to cysteines substituted for residues in the GABAA α1subunit M3 membrane-spanning segment was state-dependent. The subset of pCMBS−-accessible, M3 segment cysteine mutants acts as a reporter for receptor conformation. Here we show that pCMBS−, applied in the presence of a potentiating concentration of propofol, reacts with a subset of α1subunit, M3 segment, cysteine-substitution mutants (Y294C, V297C, I302C, F304C). In the presence of a directly activating concentration of propofol pCMBS− reacts with a different subset of the M3 cysteine-substitution mutants (Y294C, S299C, I302C, E303C, A305C). These subsets are distinct from the subsets of M3 cysteine-substitution mutants that are reactive with pCMBS− in the absence and presence of GABA and in the presence of diazepam. We hypothesize that distinct subsets of reactive residues represent distinct conformations or ensembles of conformations of the receptor. These results provide structural evidence for at least five distinct receptor states, three nonconducting states, resting, diazepam-bound and potentiating propofol-bound, and two conducting–desensitized states, the activating propofol-bound and GABA-bound states.
The Perceptual Scalability of Visualization

Larger, higher resolution displays can be used to increase the scalability of information visualizations. But just how much can scalability increase using larger displays before hitting human perceptual or cognitive limits? Are the same visualization techniques that are good on a single monitor also the techniques that are best when they are scaled up using large, high-resolution displays? To answer these questions we performed a controlled experiment on user performance time, accuracy, and subjective workload when scaling up data quantity with different space-time-attribute visualizations using a large, tiled display. Twelve college students used small multiples, embedded bar matrices, and embedded time-series graphs either on a 2 megapixel (Mp) display or with data scaled up using a 32 Mp tiled display. Participants performed various overview and detail tasks on geospatially-referenced multidimensional time-series data. Results showed that current designs are perceptually scalable because they result in a decrease in task completion time when normalized per number of data attributes along with no decrease in accuracy. It appears that, for the visualizations selected for this study, the relative comparison between designs is generally consistent between display sizes. However, results also suggest that encoding is more important on a smaller display while spatial grouping is more important on a larger display. Some suggestions for designers are provided based on our experience designing visualizations for large displays.