Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A cluster-based reliability- and thermal-aware 3D floorplanning using redundant STSVs

In 3D-IC architecture, vertically stacked multiple layer impedes heat dissipation and exacerbates thermal problem especially for reliability degradation. In this paper, we propose a cluster-based reliability- and thermal- aware 3D floorplanning to place modules. We derive a cost function considering both reliability and thermal factors with the balance among the chip of area, wire length, power density and density of STSV in the floorplan. Then we insert rectangle-STSVs and double-STSVs for improving reliability by modified Ford-Fulkerson method. Furthermore, we enhance redundant STSVs insertion rate by RSI algorithm. The experimental results show that more than 80% of single-STSVs can be replaced by rectangle-STSVs or double-STSVs, improving reliability accordingly. After STSV insertion, we construct a precise thermal conduction model to compute temperature distribution and insert TTSVs.Our framework is able to reduce the peak temperature effectively and maintain around 80 °C with minimal TTSVs based on a precise temperature computation model.
Refined Rademacher Chaos Complexity Bounds with Applications to the Multikernel Learning Problem

Estimating the Rademacher chaos complexity of order two is important for understanding the performance of multikernel learning (MKL) machines. In this letter, we develop a novel entropy integral for Rademacher chaos complexities. As compared to the previous bounds, our result is much improved in that it introduces an adjustable parameter ε to prohibit the divergence of the involved integral. With the use of the iteration technique in Steinwart and Scovel (2007), we also apply our Rademacher chaos complexity bound to the MKL problems and improve existing learning rates.
Influence of aggregation on the uptake kinetics of phosphate by goethite.

A coagulation model is postulated in which phosphate bridges to primary goethite particles and causes increased aggregate order, phosphate burial, and oscillatory uptake kinetics. This hypothesis is supported by electron diffraction patterns of single aggregates, decreases in exchangeable phosphate, phosphate-induced reduction in BET surface area, and long-term kinetic results showing slow release of phosphate.
Alteration by heat shock and immunological characterization of Drosophila small nuclear ribonucleoproteins

Sera from human patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been shown to react with snRNP particles of both mammals and Drosophila (Mount, S. M. and J. A. Steitz. 1981. Nucleic Acids Res. 9:6351-6368). We have utilized fully characterized monospecific sera and specifically purified antibodies to carry out indirect immunofluorescence experiments with frozen sections of Drosophila embryos. Embryos subjected to severe heat shock before sectioning showed reduced binding of anti-Sm sera. Anti-nRNP sera reacted identically with antigens of heat shocked and non-heat-shocked sections. The reduction in anti-Sm fluorescence was restored by a brief salt wash. These results imply a noncovalent alteration in the conformation of Sm antigens with the administration of heat shock that can revert with exposure to salt. Drosophila antigens have been compared to mammalian standards, showing partial identity with bovine spleen extract (BSE) antigens when reacted with anti-Sm sera. The antigenic relatedness between affinity-purified heat-shocked and non-heat-shocked Drosophila antigens and their mammalian homologues was examined by quantitative ELISA methodology. In all cases, the Drosophila antigens from heat-shocked and non-heat- shocked embryos were identical. We theorize that the heat shock-induced alteration of Sm antigen reverst during extraction. Because the snRNP antigens have been shown to be involved in splicing, and because splicing is inhibited during heat shock (Yost, H. J., and S. Lindquist. 1986. Cell. 45:185-193), our results provide information on the nature and stability of a change in these antigens which may be a central element in control of the heat shock response.
Variational Anatomy of the Human Cochlea: Implications for Cochlear Implantation

Hypothesis: To study variations in human cochlea anatomy with potential implications for cochlear implantation surgery. Background: A comprehension of the anatomic variations of the human cochlea is essential for understanding the degree of surgical trauma induced by inserting various electrode arrays in cochlear implantation surgery. Variations in anatomy may also limit the potential for performing hearing preservation. Methods: We studied 73 archival, nonselected, adult, corrosion casts of human inner ears. Anatomic reference points were constructed from photographic reproductions taken at different angles, and various dimensions were assessed using planimetry. Anatomic variants with particular clinical/surgical interests were pinpointed. Results: Results showed that the human cochlea is individually shaped, varying greatly in dimensions ("fingerprint"). The outer cochlear wall length ranged from 38.6 to 45.6 mm with a mean length of 42.0 mm. The first turn represented 53% of the total length and ranged from 20.3 to 24.3 mm. The number of quadrants varied from slightly more than 8 to 12. The facial nerve canal ran in close proximity to the upper first turn explaining facial nerve excitement during stimulation of electrodes in this region in some instances. The internal diameter (height) of the cochlear tube in the first turn varied broadly (1.6-2.6 mm), occasionally with limited space for conventional implants. Conclusion: The human cochlea exhibits extensive anatomic variations. These variations will influence the location of cochlear implant arrays and affect the potential of hearing preservation surgery. Our results may explain the surgeon's difficulties sometimes to insert electrode arrays even in so-called "normal" cochleae.
Canonical quantization of spontaneously broken topologically massive gauge theory

In this paper we investigate the canonical quantization of a non‐Abelian topologically massive Chern–Simons theory in which the gauge fields are minimally coupled to a multiplet of scalar fields in such a way that the gauge symmetry is spontaneously broken. Such a model produces the Chern–Simons–Higgs mechanism in which the gauge excitations acquire mass both from the Chern–Simons term and from the Higgs–Kibble effect. The symmetry breaking is chosen to be only partially broken, in such a way that in the broken vacuum there remains a residual non‐Abelian symmetry. We develop the canonical operator structure of this theory in the broken vacuum, with particular emphasis on the particle‐content of the fields involved in the Chern–Simons–Higgs mechanism. We construct the Fock space and express the dynamical generators in terms of creation and annihilation operator modes. The canonical apparatus is used to obtain the propagators for this theory, and we use the Poincare generators to demonstrate the effect of L.
Automatic Generation of Topological 2 D Indoor Maps for Real-Time Map-Based Filtering

Personal location information is regarded as the most important contextual information transmitted in ubiquitous systems. Many pedestrian indoor localization systems rely on mapmatching to constrain sensor errors. The maps required for computer aided localization and tracking need to incorporate a semantic structure. Such maps are not available on a larger scale and therefore most groups working on localization solutions manually create the required maps for specific testing scenarios. To provide a solution for map generation on a larger scale, we propose a map generation toolkit that parses standard CADplans, to automatically generate topological maps for indoor environments. We propose a heuristic parser that separates superfluous data from the information depicting semantic building entities, e.g. rooms and doors. In our experiments approximately 95% of all structures were detected successfully. After the extraction we transform the distilled building information into an object-based building model designed for the application of fast particle-filter-based map-matching algorithms. An exemplary filter implementation demonstrates that the model is sufficiently optimized to achieve pedestrian tracking and localization in realtime.
Performance of a Rapid Antigen-Detection Test and Throat Culture in Community Pediatric Offices: Implications for Management of Pharyngitis

OBJECTIVES. The goals were to establish performance characteristics of a rapid antigen-detection test and blood agar plate culture performed and interpreted in community pediatric offices and to assess the effect of the pretest likelihood of group A streptococcus pharyngitis on test performance (spectrum bias). METHODS. Two throat swabs were collected from 1848 children 3 to 18 years of age who were evaluated for acute pharyngitis between November 15, 2004, and May 15, 2005, in 6 community pediatric offices. One swab was used to perform the rapid antigen-detection test and a blood agar plate culture in the office and the other was sent to our laboratory for blood agar plate culture. Clinical findings were used to calculate the McIsaac score for each patient. The sensitivities of the office tests were calculated, with the hospital laboratory culture results as the criterion standard. RESULTS. Thirty percent of laboratory blood agar plate cultures yielded group A streptococcus (range among sites: 21%–36%). Rapid antigen-detection test sensitivity was 70% (range: 61%–80%). Office culture sensitivity was significantly greater, 81% (range: 71%–91%). Rapid antigen-detection test specificity was 98% (range: 98%–99.5%), and office culture specificity was 97% (range: 94%–99%), a difference that was not statistically significant. The sensitivity of a combined approach using the rapid antigen-detection test and back-up office culture was 85%. Among patients with McIsaac scores of >2, rapid antigen-detection test sensitivity was 78%, office culture sensitivity was 87%, and combined approach sensitivity was 91%. Positive diagnostic test results were significantly associated with McIsaac scores of >2. CONCLUSIONS. The sensitivity of the office culture was significantly greater than the sensitivity of the rapid antigen-detection test, but neither test was highly sensitive. The sensitivities of each diagnostic modality and the recommended combined approach were best among patients with greater pretest likelihood of group A streptococcus pharyngitis.
TERA: topic-based event routing for peer-to-peer architectures

The completely decoupled interaction model offered by the publish/subscribe communication paradigm perfectly suits the interoperability needs of todays large-scale, dynamic, peer-to-peer applications. The unmanaged environments, where these applications are expected to work, pose a series of problems (potentially wide number of partipants, low-reliability of nodes, absence of a centralized authority, etc.) that severely limit the scalability of existing approaches which were originally thought for supporting distributed applications built on the top of static and managed environments. In this paper we propose an architecture for implementing the topic-based publish/subscribe paradigm in large scale peer-to-peer systems. The architecture is based on clustering peers subscribed to the same topic. The major novelty of this architecture lies in the mechanism employed to bring events from the publisher to the cluster (namely outer-cluster routing). The evaluation shows that this mechanism for outer-cluster routing has a probability to bring events to the destination cluster very close to 1 while keeping small the involved number of out-of-cluster peers. Finally, the overall architecture is shown to be scalable along several fundamental dimensions like number of participants, subscriptions, and to exhibit a fair load distribution (load distribution closely follows the distribution of subscriptions on nodes).
Microgradients of Microbial Oxygen Consumption in a Barley Rhizosphere Model System

A microelectrode technique was used to map the radial distribution of oxygen concentrations and oxygen consumption rates around single roots of 7-day-old barley seedlings. The seedlings were grown in gel-stabilized medium containing a nutrient solution, a soil extract, and an inert polymer. Oxygen consumption by microbial respiration in the rhizosphere (<5 mm from the root) and in bulk medium (>30 mm from the root) was determined by using Fick's laws of diffusion and an analytical approach with curve fitting to measured microprofiles of oxygen concentration. A marked increase of microbial respiration was observed in the inner 0to 3-mm-thick, concentric zone around the root (rhizosphere). The volume-specific oxygen consumption rate (specific activity) was thus 30 to 60 times higher in the innermost 0 to 0.01 mm (rhizoplane) than in the bulk medium. The oxygen consumption rate in the root tissue was in turn 10 to 30 times higher than that in the rhizoplane. Both microbial respiration and oxygen uptake by the root varied between different roots. This was probably due to a between-root variation of the exudation rate for easily degradable carbon compounds supporting the microbial oxygen consumption.
AROMA Results for OAEI 2008

A non-volatile memory device comprising a volatile memory and a non-volatile memory. The volatile memory comprises a volatile memory circuit, such as a D-type cell, or the like, which incorporates a data input, a volatile storage circuit for storing Q and &upbar& Q output signals, and Q and &upbar& Q data outputs. The non-volatile memory comprises circuitry which selectively stores a predetermined one of the Q and &upbar& Q output signals, and which selectively transfers the stored signal to the volatile memory. The non-volatile memory may comprise, for example, a FATMOS transistor, or the like, and control circuitry coupled thereto. The non-volatile memory also includes transistor circuitry coupled between a voltage source and the FATMOS transistor, for example, which selectively controls the storage and transfer of signals between the non-volatile memory circuit and the volatile storage circuit in conjunction with signals applied to the control circuitry. This device may be employed as a fail-safe switching device due to the nature of the failure modes of the non-volatile memory. A method of data storage and retrieval is also disclosed.
Suspended microchannel resonators for biomolecular detection

We present a resonant mass sensor for specific biomolecular detection in a subnanoliter fluid volume. The sensing principle is based on measuring shifts in resonance frequency of a suspended microfluidic channel upon accumulation of molecules on the inside walls of the device. Confining the fluid to the inside of a hollow cantilever enables direct integration with conventional microfluidic systems, significantly increases sensitivity by eliminating high damping and viscous drag, and allows the resonator to be actuated by electrostatic forces. Fluid density measurements reveal a mass resolution of 10−17 g/μm2 in a 4 mHz–4 Hz bandwidth. To demonstrate biomolecular detection, we present real-time measurements of the specific binding between avidin and biotinylated bovine serum albumin. Based on these measurements, we expect that changes in surface mass loading on the order of 10−19 g/μm2 can be detected in an optimized system.
Non-Fatal Suicidal Behaviors in Adolescents

In the USA, suicide ranked as the third leading cause of death for adolescents in 1999. Non-fatal suicidal behaviours are suicidal thought, specific suicidal plan and suicide attempt. Prospective studies have emphasized the high subsequent suicide rates in clinically presenting suicide attempters. This study was planned to critically review the existing international literature on this area, and compare, if possible, with the Indian data. Both electronic and manual search for published and unpublished works was done for the review of this area. Both international and Indian studies on prevalence, risk factors, management, and prevention of non-fatal suicidal behaviours in adolescents were collected, analysed and reviewed. The study concludes that professionals, like general practitioners, paediatricians, school teachers, school counselors, need to be trained in identifying non-fatal suicidal behaviours in adolescents, and know when to refer them to a mental health professional or mental health service for thorough assessment and effective management. Timely and efficient management of non-fatal suicidal behaviors can prevent future suicidal attempts and completed suicide in most of this highly vulnerable population. Indian studies are very few and without robust study design. Systematic studies in India on this important topic are required.
A compiler approach to managing storage and memory bandwidth in configurable architectures

Configurable architectures offer the unique opportunity of realizing hardware designs tailored to the specific data and computational patterns of an application code. Customizing the storage structures is becoming increasingly important in mitigating the continuing gap between memory latencies and internal computing speeds. In this article we describe and evaluate a compiler algorithm that maps the arrays of a loop-based computation to internal storage structures, either RAM blocks or discrete registers. Our objective is to minimize the overall execution time while considering the capacity and bandwidth constraints of the storage resources. The novelty of our approach lies in creating a single framework that combines high-level compiler techniques with lower-level scheduling information for mapping the data. We illustrate the benefits of our approach for a set of image/signal processing kernels using a Xilinx Virtex#8482; Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Our algorithm leads to faster designs compared to the state-of-the-art custom data layout mapping technique, in some instances using less storage. When compared to hand-coded designs, our results are comparable in terms of execution time and resources, but are derived in a minute fraction of the design time.
Airway epithelial repair in health and disease: Orchestrator or simply a player?

Epithelial cells represent the most important surface of contact in the body and form the first line of defence of the body to external environment. Consequently, epithelia have numerous roles in order to maintain a homeostatic defence barrier. Although the epithelium has been extensively studied over several decades, it remains the focus of new research, indicating a lack of understanding that continues to exist around these cells in specific disease settings. Importantly, evidence is emerging that airway epithelial cells in particular have varied complex functions rather than simple passive roles. One area of current interest is its role following injury. In particular, the epithelial‐specific cellular mechanisms regulating their migration during wound repair remain poorly understood and remain an area that requires much needed investigation. A better understanding of the physiological, cellular and molecular wound repair mechanisms could assist in elucidating pathological processes that contribute to airway epithelial pathology. This review attempts to highlight migration‐specific and cell‐extracellular matrix (ECM) aspects of repair used by epithelial cells under normal and disease settings, in the context of human airways.
Adaptive block matching motion estimation algorithm using bit-plane matching

Motion estimation/compensation techniques are extensively used in video compression because of their abilities to exploit the high temporal correlation between successive frames of an image sequence. We first propose a new matching criterion called bit-plane matching (BPM) for distance measurement in the block matching algorithm. This criterion not only considers the magnitude but also the directive information of the pixel elements in the block. A simple adaptive block matching algorithm is also developed to adjust the search origin and search range at a block-by-block basis. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves similar MSE performance for motion-predicted images but requires about 8 times less the number of computations than the full-search method.
U-filter's gaussianization function for interference background

By weakening the bigger and strengthening the smaller, gaussianization can enhance the gaussianity of samples and improve performance of subsequent correlation test. Firstly, an explicit definition on gaussianizing filter and a practical method to evaluate the filtering performance are given. Secondly, based on the probability density function and its derivate, one typical gaussianizing filters, so-called U-filter, are proposed and studied. Instances with lake trial data are illustrated. Finally, two applications, one in spectrum estimation and the other in Rao test, are discussed.
Device for the alternative option of temperature measurement

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has good optical properties, and its composition offers the possibility of use in many applications (industry, security device, medicine applications and etc.). We focused on the alternative option of temperature measurement in this article. Our approach is based on measuring changes of chromaticity correlated temperature corresponding to changes in temperature. Described device uses an optical fiber with a defined layer of PDMS and luminophore and we assume that it can find use also in the field of security. The article describes the process of making the prototype of the device and its verification based on laboratory results. The measured temperature depends mainly on the type of optical fiber and the measured temperature range is determined by the thermal resistance of used optical fiber. Using a calibration measurement can determine the value of temperature with an accuracy of ± 2,5 %.
One the English Lexicon Project

stimulus set in experimental psychology involves English words. The study of the memory and reading of words has been central to research since Cattell (1886). Words are well-described units that provide the link between perception and meaning, and so have been critical to developments in computational modeling (e.g., McClelland & Rumelhart, 1981), neuroimaging (e.g., Petersen, Fox, Posner, Mintun, & Raichle, 1989), and conceptions of attention and automaticity (e.g., Neely, 1977; Stroop, 1935), among many other research areas. Given the importance of words as a stimulus set, one might assume that there are relatively straightforward ways to study lexical processing, and that there is a wellconstrained set of findings to which one can appeal in building models of word processing. Although there has been considerable progress in understanding how people process words, there are some clear gaps in the available literature. This paper describes the English Lexicon Project (ELP), which provides a behavioral database for over 40,000 words and nonwords that will help fill some of these gaps. The present description will focus on visual word recognition, although, as described below, the current database has relevance for other aspects of word processing, such as memory and speech production. Before describing the ELP, we will briefly describe the behavioral measures in the database, the limitations in our current knowledge, and how this database will help address these limitations.