Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Structure of Static Var Compensator and Hybrid Active Power Filter (SVC//HAPF) for Medium-Voltage Heavy Loads Compensation

In this paper, the structure, modeling, parameter design, and control method are proposed for a new hybrid structure of a static var compensator in parallel with a hybrid active power filter (SVC//HAPF). The SVC part of the SVC//HAPF is used to dynamically compensate the reactive power. And, the HAPF part is used to provide harmonic power and small amount of reactive power compensation. Due to the large fundamental voltage drop on coupling the LC part, the active inverter part of the SVC//HAPF has low voltage rating. Meanwhile, the parallel-connected SVC acts as a current divider to reduce the active inverter current. Therefore, the proposed SVC//HAPF shows the great promise in compensating harmonic current and wide-range reactive power with a low (both) voltage and current rating active inverter part. To show the advantages of the proposed SVC//HAPF, simulation comparisons among the active power filter (APF), HAPF, SVC in series with HAPF (SVC−HAPF), and the proposed SVC//HAPF are provided. Finally, experimental results based on the laboratory-scaled hardware prototype are given to show the validity of the SVC//HAPF.
DACE: a scalable DP‐means algorithm for clustering extremely large sequence data

Motivation: Advancements in next‐generation sequencing technology have produced large amounts of reads at low cost in a short time. In metagenomics, 16S and 18S rRNA gene have been widely used as marker genes to profile diversity of microorganisms in environmental samples. Through clustering of sequencing reads we can determine both number of OTUs and their relative abundance. In many applications, clustering of very large sequencing data with high efficiency and accuracy is essential for downstream analysis. Results: Here, we report a scalable Dirichlet Process Means (DP‐means) algorithm for clustering extremely large sequencing data, termed DACE. With an efficient random projection partition strategy for parallel clustering, DACE can cluster billions of sequences within a couple of hours. Experimental results show that DACE runs between 6 and 80 times faster than state‐of‐the‐art programs, while maintaining overall better clustering accuracy. Using 80 cores, DACE clustered the Lake Taihu 16S rRNA gene sequencing data (˜316M reads, 30 GB) in 25 min, and the Ocean TARA Eukaryotic 18S rRNA gene sequencing data (˜500M reads, 88 GB) into ˜100 000 clusters within an hour. When applied to the IGC gene catalogs in human gut microbiome (˜10M genes), DACE produced 9.8M clusters with 52K redundant genes in 1.5 hours of running time. Availability and Implementation: DACE is available at https://github.com/tinglab/DACE. Contacts: tingchen@mail.tsinghua. edu.cn or ningchen@mail.tsinghua. edu.cn Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Influence of antimicrobial susceptibility reporting on junior doctors’ decision to prescribe antimicrobials inappropriately

Objectives Inappropriate antimicrobial use drives antimicrobial resistance and is a global public health problem. This study examined whether withholding antimicrobial susceptibilities in combination with interpretive comments on microbiological reports influenced the decision to inappropriately prescribe antibiotics in a controlled survey. Methods Seventy junior doctors attending educational sessions were given one of two surveys describing four clinical case vignettes (scenarios) in which antimicrobial treatment was not indicated. They were asked to select their preferred treatment from multiple choices. In the scenarios labelled 'A', the laboratory report did not report antibiotic susceptibilities, but included comments from the microbiologist. In the scenarios labelled 'B', the laboratory report included full organism identification and susceptibility results without additional comments. Results For scenarios 1, 2 and 3 there was a significantly higher probability ( P < 0.01) that the doctor selected an answer involving antibiotic treatment if he/she received the 'B' version of the scenario where reports included antimicrobial susceptibilities, but no interpretive comments. This was significant in both interns and more senior doctors. In scenario 4, of which there were two versions, there was no difference seen in the answers between the groups given scenario A or B. Conclusions The results of this survey suggest that withholding antimicrobial susceptibility results in combination with interpretive comments on microbiology reports significantly influences the decision of junior doctors to prescribe antibiotics in low-acuity outpatient setting scenarios (represented in scenarios 1-3), but not in inpatient scenarios (represented in scenario 4).
Towards a cure for human immunodeficiency virus

The past three decades have seen spectacular advances in the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively suppresses the virus to undetectable levels in blood allowing for immune recovery and near-normal life expectancy for most people living with HIV. Additionally, it is now clear that commencing ART immediately at any CD4+ T cell count reduces the risk of morbidity and mortality and that HIV-infected individuals with an undetectable viral load on ART are unable to transmit virus sexually. This has led to a global initiative to treat all people living with HIV upon diagnosis and for ART to complement other strategies to prevent new HIV infections. However, in order ultimately to eliminate HIV at a population level, we will still need an effective prophylactic vaccine. Despite the success of ART, if ART is ceased, virus returns rapidly in blood, usually within weeks. Treatment must therefore be continued lifelong. There are now 19.5 million people living with HIV on ART but this accounts for only 53% of the world’s 36.7 million people living with HIV. In Australia, uptake of ART is approaching 90%, one of the highest rates of treatment uptake globally. The estimated cost of achieving similarly high levels of treatment worldwide by 2020 is US$20 billion per year. In many parts of the world, stigma, discrimination and punitive laws remain significant problems for people living with HIV. Therefore, lifelong treatment for HIV comes at great economic and personal cost and there is now an accelerated global effort to find either a cure or a safe way for individuals to cease ART such that the virus stays at low levels. This is also known as HIV remission.
Study on crack-inclusion interaction using digital gradient sensing method

ABSTRACT The interaction between matrix crack and a round inclusion was studied by the method of digital gradient sensing. First, the stress fields at the matrix crack tip in the neighbor of a round inclusion were derived based on transformation toughening theory and Eshelby inclusion method, and the effect of the inclusion on the stress intensity factor of the matrix crack was analyzed. Then, the non-contact optical measurement system of digital gradient sensing was built up, and a three-point bending test was carried out using a single-edge cracked specimen. The mode I stress intensity factor was extracted from the angular deflection of the light rays. Finally, the effect of the inclusion on the angular deflection fields and the stress intensity factor at the crack tip was analyzed experimentally. These results will play an important role for evaluating the fracture mechanism of crack-inclusion interaction in composites.
Integrating on-chip temperature sensors into DfT schemes and BIST architectures

The continuously increasing power densities in integrated circuits necessitated the introduction of DfTT (Design for Thermal Testability) design methodology to prevent overheating effects. Newly developed CMOS temperature sensors enable the application of DfTT principle in safety-critical circuits. Parameters and operation principles of the low-power small-area temperature sensor family are presented in details in the paper, followed by the discussion of placement and testing strategies.
Pulmonary Function and Retrobulbar Hemodynamics in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND: The primary goals of this study were to evaluate early changes in pulmonary function and retrobulbar hemodynamics and to examine the correlation between these parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes during the preclinical stages of diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: For the single-time point measurements, 63 subjects with type 2 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy (diabetes group) and 32 healthy subjects (control group) were selected to evaluate any early changes in pulmonary function and retrobulbar hemodynamics and to examine the correlation between these parameters. In the longitudinal follow-up study, 32 subjects who were newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were divided into 2 groups according to their resistivity index (≤0.7 and >0.7). Early changes in pulmonary function and retrobulbar hemodynamics were studied in these groups and compared with the previous values. RESULTS: For the single-time point measurements, the fasting plasma glucose, 2-h postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels as well as the pulmonary function parameters were significantly higher in the diabetes group than in the control group. The pulmonary function parameters were negatively and significantly correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin A1c and the duration of diabetes. The retrobulbar hemodynamics were positively correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin A1c and diabetes duration; in contrast, the correlation between retrobulbar hemodynamics and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c. In the longitudinal follow-up study, the pulmonary function of the 2 groups categorized by their resistivity index levels indicated that subjects with resistivity index levels ≤0.7 showed significantly better pulmonary function, and the pulmonary function of this group showed improvement and a significantly smaller decrease. The incidence of diabetic retinopathy in the group with resistivity index levels ≤0.7 (9 of 22, 40.9%) was significantly lower than that in the group with resistivity index levels >0.7. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary function and retrobulbar hemodynamics changed during the preclinical stages of diabetic retinopathy. Regulating glycemia may improve retrobulbar hemodynamics in the retrobulbar arteries (ie, central retinal artery, posterior ciliary artery, and arteria ophthalmica). By detecting the retrobulbar resistivity index and the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, we could predict future changes in pulmonary function during the preclinical stages of diabetic retinopathy as well as the degree of retinopathy. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT02774733.)
The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Retrieval, Revisited

The algorithm used in the retrieval of geophysical quantities from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument depends on two fundamental components. The first is a cost function that is the sum of squares of the differences between cloud-cleared radiances and their corresponding forward-model terms. The second is the minimization of this cost function. For the retrieval of carbon dioxide, the minimization is further improved using the method of vanishing partial derivatives (VPDs). In this letter, we show that this VPD component is identical to a coordinate descent method with Newton–Raphson updates, which allows it to be put in context with other optimization algorithms. We also show that the AIRS cost function is a limiting case of the cost function used in optimal estimation, which demonstrates how uncertainty quantification in the AIRS retrieval can be implemented.
Vesiculobullous eruption in a patient receiving psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA) treatment for prurigo nodules: a case of PUVA‐aggravated pemphigoid nodularis

Pemphigoid nodularis (PN) is a rare variant of bullous pemphigoid (BP), manifesting with clinical features of prurigo nodularis with an autoantibody profile of BP. Psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA) can induce blister formation acrally and in areas with friction or trauma. While this is generally distinct from BP, these blisters represent the initial manifestation of BP in some patients, and are thus considered PUVA-induced BP. A 73-year-old East Asian man presented with a vesiculobullous eruption following four treatments of oral PUVA for recalcitrant pruritus with prurigo nodules. Other than prurigo nodules and excoriations, the patient originally lacked other cutaneous manifestations. The initial cause of the patient’s pruritus was unclear. He had previously been prophylactically treated with permethrin, topical corticosteroids, pramoxine and gabapentin with little improvement. The patient’s other medications included amlodipine, aspirin, atorvastatin, apixaban, escitalopram and metoprolol. He had not had a biopsy taken prior to the start of his PUVA treatment and basic laboratory investigations at the time were unremarkable. On physical examination, the patient was found to have prurigo nodules and excoriations (Fig. 1), along with numerous coalescing vesicles and tense bullae on his hands, trunk and thighs. Histological examination of a biopsy taken from an intact vesicle demonstrated vesicular spongiotic dermatitis with numerous eosinophils (Fig. 2). Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated linear staining for IgG along the basement membrane zone (BMZ) at a titre of 1 : 40 960 on monkey oesophagus, and an epidermal staining pattern on salt-split skin at a dilution of 1 : 5120. ELISA results for IgG to BP180 and BP230 were 114 and 59 ELISA units/mL, respectively, with a reference range of 9 ELISA units/mL for both tests. Therefore, a diagnosis of PN was made. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of a slow prednisone taper, intravenous IgG 2 g/kg/month, minocycline 100 mg twice daily, niacinamide 500 mg three times daily, and mycophenolate mofetil 1 g twice daily, as is standard in our immunobullous clinic to achieve durable remissions. The patient was successfully weaned off prednisone, and his other medications were continued. PN is a rare variant of BP. Although patients demonstrate an immunological phenotype of BP, some do not develop blisters. Similar nonbullous phenomena occur in patients with significant levels of BP antibodies in other pruritic disorders of the elderly, and PN is
Prevalence, Risks and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella in Poultry Production Chain

Salmonella spp. are bacteria that cause salmonellosis, a common form of foodborne ill- ness with major impact on human health and huge financial losses in poultry indus try. The incidence of notified cases of salmonellosis has declined from a peak of 24 per 100,000 in 2009 to 20.4 reported cases per 100,000 population in 2013, with S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium being the most commonly reported serovar in EU. Salmonella spp. has been detected in a range of foods, and outbreaks have predominantly been asso ciated with animal products such as eggs, poultry and dairy products, but also with plant origin food such as salad dressing, fruit juice and sesame. At the time of slaughter, Salmonella -infected poultry may have high numbers of organisms in their intestines as well as on the outside of the bird and are therefore an important source of contamination. Nowadays, food safety has become an important concern for the European society and governments; therefore, more strict and harmonized regulations are being implemented throughout the poultry production chain with the aim to guarantee and increase the consumer confidence in foodstuffs of animal origin. Furthermore, increas ing antimicrobial resistance in non-typhoid Salmonella species has been a serious prob- lem for public health worldwide.
Modulo-variable expansion sensitive scheduling

Modulo scheduling is an aggressive scheduling technique for loops that exploit instruction-level parallelism by overlapping successive iterations of the loop. Due to the nature of modulo scheduling, the lifetime of a variable can overlap with a subsequent definition of itself. To handle such overlapping lifetimes, modulo-variable expansion (MVE) is used, wherein the constructed schedule is unrolled a number of times. We propose a technique to improve the constructed schedule while performing MVE. In our approach, we unroll the data dependence graph of the original loop and re-schedule it with a MVE-sensitive scheduler. Such an approach is expected to result in better initiation rates as compared to the traditional approach. We have implemented our approach and evaluated its performance on a large number of scientific benchmark kernels.
Biplot Analysis of Test Sites and Trait Relations of Soybean in Ontario.

Superior crop cultivars must be identified through multi-environment trials (MET) and on the basis of multiple traits. The objectives of this paper were to describe two types of biplots, the GGE biplot and the GT biplot, which graphically display genotype by environment data and genotype by trait data, respectively, and hence facilitate cultivar evaluation on the basis of MET data and multiple traits. Genotype main effect plus genotype by environment interaction effect (GGE) biplot analysis of the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] yield data for the 2800 crop heat unit area of Ontario for MET in the period 1994-1999 revealed yearly crossover genotype by site interactions. The eastern Ontario site Winchester showed a different genotype response pattern from the three southwestern Ontario sites in four of the six years. The interactions were not large enough to divide the area into different mega-environments as when analyzed over years, a single cultivar yielded the best in all four sites. The southwestern site, St. Pauls, was found to always group together with at least one of the other three sites; it did not provide unique information on genotype performance. Therefore, in future cultivar evaluations, Winchester should always be used but St. Pauls can be dismissed. Applying GT biplot to the 1994-1999 multiple trait data illustrated that GT biplots graphically displayed the interrelationships among seed yield, oil content, protein content, plant height, and days to maturity, among other traits, and facilitated visual cultivar comparisons and selection. It was found that selection for seed yield alone was not only the simplest, but also the most effective strategy in the early stages of soybean breeding.
Farmer suicides: a qualitative study from Australia.

Background Farmers in Australia, in general, have poorer health outcomes, including higher rates of suicide. Aims To investigate risk and protective factors and attitudes towards suicide and help-seeking among farmers living and working in New South Wales and Queensland in Australia. Methods A qualitative study in which three farming sites were selected in each state to represent an area with a suicide rate equal to, below and above the state average. Focus groups were conducted with men and women separately. Results Focus groups involved 30 men and 33 women. Inductive thematic analysis showed three broad themes characterized responses: environment and society; community and relationships; and individual factors. There was considerable overlap and dynamic interaction between themes. A combination of individual factors, as well as social and environmental stressors, was described as most likely to increase risk of suicide death and reduce help-seeking. The vast majority of known farmer suicides described involved men and many of the issues discussed pertained specifically to male farmers. Participants found suicide as an act complex, intertwined with many factors, and hard to fathom. A common belief was that an individual must feel a complete lack of hope and perceive their situation vastly differently from others to contemplate suicide. Conclusions Future suicide prevention efforts for farmers should take a biopsycho-ecological approach. Physical, psychological and cultural isolation could be addressed with education and training programmes and public campaigns. These could also improve people's ability to recognize possible suicidality.
Human mobility and the spatial transmission of influenza in the United States

Seasonal influenza epidemics offer unique opportunities to study the invasion and re-invasion waves of a pathogen in a partially immune population. Detailed patterns of spread remain elusive, however, due to lack of granular disease data. Here we model high-volume city-level medical claims data and human mobility proxies to explore the drivers of influenza spread in the US during 2002–2010. Although the speed and pathways of spread varied across seasons, seven of eight epidemics likely originated in the Southern US. Each epidemic was associated with 1–5 early long-range transmission events, half of which sparked onward transmission. Gravity model estimates indicate a sharp decay in influenza transmission with the distance between infectious and susceptible cities, consistent with spread dominated by work commutes rather than air traffic. Two early-onset seasons associated with antigenic novelty had particularly localized modes of spread, suggesting that novel strains may spread in a more localized fashion than previously anticipated.
Continuous-Time Linear Equalizer for Multigigabit Transmission Through SI-POF in Factory Area Networks

This letter presents a new complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor analog continuous-time equalizer aimed to compensate the limited frequency response of step-index polymer optical fiber (SI-POF), a transmission medium very attractive for industrial applications as factory automation and process control networks because of its cost and immunity to electromagnetic interference. The structure overcomes the limitations of the most widely used continuous-time equalizer, the degenerated differential pair, for 1-V supply voltage. The linear equalizer has been proved for multigigabit short-range applications targeting up to 2 Gb/s through a 50-m SI-POF. The prototype consumes 2.7 mW.
Sponsored Search Auctions

Sponsored search has been proven to be a successful business model, and sponsored search auctions have become a hot research direction. There have been many exciting advances in this field, especially in recent years, while at the same time, there are also many open problems waiting for us to resolve. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of sponsored search auctions in hopes of helping both industry practitioners and academic researchers to become familiar with this field, to know the state of the art, and to identify future research topics. Specifically, we organize the article into two parts. In the first part, we review research works on sponsored search auctions with basic settings, where fully rational advertisers without budget constraints, preknown click-through rates (CTRs) without interdependence, and exact match between queries and keywords are assumed. Under these assumptions, we first introduce the generalized second price (GSP) auction, which is the most popularly used auction mechanism in the industry. Then we give the definitions of several well-studied equilibria and review the latest results on GSP’s efficiency and revenue in these equilibria. In the second part, we introduce some advanced topics on sponsored search auctions. In these advanced topics, one or more assumptions made in the basic settings are relaxed. For example, the CTR of an ad could be unknown and dependent on other ads; keywords could be broadly matched to queries before auctions are executed; and advertisers are not necessarily fully rational, could have budget constraints, and may prefer rich bidding languages. Given that the research on these advanced topics is still immature, in each section of the second part, we provide our opinions on how to make further advances, in addition to describing what has been done by researchers in the corresponding direction.