Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systematic literature review of dermoscopic pigmented skin lesions classification using convolutional neural network (CNN)

The occurrence of pigmented skin lesions (PSL), including melanoma, are rising, and early detection is crucial for reducing mortality. To assist Pigmented skin lesions, including melanoma, are rising, and early detection is crucial in reducing mortality. To aid dermatologists in early detection, computational techniques have been developed. This research conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify research goals, datasets, methodologies, and performance evaluation methods used in categorizing dermoscopic lesions. This review focuses on using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in analyzing PSL. Based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, the review included 54 primary studies published on Scopus and PubMed between 2018 and 2022. The results showed that ResNet and self-developed CNN were used in 22% of the studies, followed by Ensemble at 20% and DenseNet at 9%. Public datasets such as ISIC 2019 were predominantly used, and 85% of the classifiers used were softmax. The findings suggest that the input, architecture, and output/feature modifications can enhance the model's performance, although improving sensitivity in multiclass classification remains a challenge. While there is no specific model approach to solve the problem in this area, we recommend simultaneously modifying the three clusters to improve the model's performance.
Causes of Strengthening and Weakening of ENSO Amplitude under Global Warming in Four CMIP5 Models

AbstractThe mechanisms for El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) amplitude change under global warming are investigated through quantitative assessment of air–sea feedback processes in present-day and future climate simulations of four models participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Two models (MPI-ESM-MR and MRI-CGCM3) project strengthened ENSO amplitude, whereas the other two models (CCSM4 and FGOALS-g2) project weakened ENSO amplitude. A mixed layer heat budget diagnosis shows that the major cause of the projected ENSO amplitude difference between the two groups is attributed to the changes of the thermocline and zonal advective feedbacks. A weaker (stronger) equatorial thermocline response to a unit anomalous zonal wind stress forcing in the Nino-4 region is found in CCSM4 and FGOALS-g2 (MPI-ESM-MR and MRI-CGCM3). The cause of the different response arises from the change in the meridional scale of ENSO. A narrower (wider) meridional width of sea surface temperature.
Shear Bond Strength of Metal and Ceramic Brackets Depending on Etching Protocol in Direct Bonding Technique

Successful orthodontic therapy, apart from a proper treatment plan, depends on optimal bracket–enamel adhesion. Among numerous factors affecting adhesion, the type of bracket and preparation of the tooth’s surface are crucial. The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal and ceramic brackets to the enamel’s surface using direct bonding. Forty extracted human premolars were divided into four groups according to the etching method (etch-and-rinse and self-etch) and bracket type. The SBS and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were determined. The ceramic brackets achieved the highest SBS values both in the self-etch (SE) and etch-and-rinse (ER) protocols. Higher SBS values for ceramic and metallic brackets were found in the ER protocol. In all tested groups, the achieved SBS value was satisfactory to withstand orthodontic and occlusal forces. There was no significant difference in the ARI score between study groups (p = 0.71). The fracture occurred between the bracket base and adhesive material in both types of brackets, which decreased the risk of enamel damage during debonding.
Deep Sequencing of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus ORF7: A Promising Tool for Diagnostics and Epidemiologic Surveillance

Simple Summary Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is a viral disease that causes significant economic losses in many countries worldwide. In this study, we employed a fast, inexpensive, target-specific next-generation sequencing method that can be used for both laboratory diagnosis and epidemiologic monitoring of the disease. We found the protocol to be highly sensitive and potentially effective on clinical serum samples. The method is suitable for the detection of mixed infections and provides a preliminary insight into the microevolution of the causative virus in affected swine herds. Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major concern worldwide. Control of PRRSV is a challenging task due to various factors, including the viral diversity and variability. In this study, we evaluated an amplicon library preparation protocol targeting the ORF7 region of both PRRSV species, Betaarterivirus suid 1 and Betaarterivirus suid 2. We designed tailed primers for a two-step PCR procedure that generates ORF7-specific amplicon libraries suitable for use on Illumina sequencers. We tested the method with serum samples containing common laboratory strains and with pooled serum samples (n = 15) collected from different pig farms during 2019–2021 in Hungary. Testing spiked serum samples showed that the newly designed method is highly sensitive and detects the viral RNA even at low copy numbers (corresponding to approx. Ct 35). The ORF7 sequences were easily assembled even from clinical samples. Two different sequence variants were identified in five samples, and the Porcilis MLV vaccine strain was identified as the minor variant in four samples. An in-depth analysis of the deep sequencing results revealed numerous polymorphic sites along the ORF7 gene in a total of eight samples, and some sites (positions 12, 165, 219, 225, 315, 345, and 351) were found to be common in several clinical specimens. We conclude that amplicon deep sequencing of a highly conserved region of the PRRSV genome could support both laboratory diagnosis and epidemiologic surveillance of the disease.
Research on Environmental Geophysical Methods in Geological Hazards Monitoring

: Geological hazard monitoring can predict geological hazard to a certain extent, so that relevant measures can be taken to reduce the damage of human and financial resources. Therefore, the quality of geological hazard monitoring is particularly important. In order to effectively improve the quality of geological hazard monitoring, the environmental geophysical methods in geological hazard monitoring are deeply explored in this paper. Firstly, the characteristics of environmental geophysical methods in geological hazard monitoring are described in detail. Secondly, this paper also introduces the environmental geophysical methods commonly used in geological hazard monitoring, such as electric exploration, seismic method, magnetic method and other methods
Long‐term changes in the thermospheric neutral winds over Arecibo: Climatology based on over three decades of Fabry‐Perot observations

[1] We present a study of the climatology of thermospheric neutral wind (TNW) meridional and zonal components measured with the 630.0 nm nightglow Fabry-Perot interferometer at the Arecibo Observatory from 1980 to 2010. We show and discuss the solar and geomagnetic dependencies as well as the long-term trend of the TNW components and their variation over time and season. A main result of this study was the detection of a substantial seasonal and local time dependence of the response of the TNW to solar and geomagnetic activity. In addition, we found that there is a long-term trend in the thermospheric neutral wind, which can be of a larger magnitude than the variation found in the seasonal, solar cycle, and geomagnetic activity influences. A major signature of this trend over the last 30 years was an increase in the meridional northward component up to 1.4 m s−1 yr−1 before midnight local time during the summer.
The Effectiveness of Flipped Learning Using the Social Network "Edmodo" (SNE) on Media ‎Writing (MW) and Emotional Intelligence (EI) Skills among 8th Grade Female Students

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness ‎of flipped learning using (SNE) has on (MW) and (EI) skills ‎among female eighth-grader students. In a quasi-experimental ‎study, two groups of 71 girls from a public elementary school ‎in Northern Gaza were formed. Each group completed a well-‎built pre- and post-test for their proficiency (MW) and (EI) ‎skills. As a result of the study, it was found that the students in ‎the experimental group had significantly more MW than the ‎students in the control group. A comparison of the pre-post ‎scores for the (MW) and (EI) instruments showed a significant ‎improvement of students’ performance. The post scores for the ‎‎(MW) and (EI) instruments showed a significant difference ‎between students in the control group and experimental group. ‎It was concluded that integrating flipped learning with (SNE) ‎improved students' (EI) capacity, and developed their of (MW) ‎skills. ‎ ‎(Keywords: Edmodo, Emotional intelligence skills, Flipped ‎Learning, Media writing, Sschool students' skills, Social ‎learning network)‎
High-temperature target infrared spectrum radiance study

The Infrared radiation characteristic research of high temperature target has an important role in the field of target recognition and tracking, etc. Affected by atmosphere, background environment and spatial resolution, the recognition to smaller thermal targets have certain limitations. This paper used two sensitive spectral intervals to high temperature object feature and used MODTRAN5.0 quantitative analyze infrared radiation energy of the heat target in the atmosphere into the pupil of the remote sensor. And this paper adopted the statistics method to analyze the sensitivity of the radiance results of the heterotherm and allohypsic targets under the condition of a very different enrage background. Simulation results compared with the results from Line by line integral model calculating HITRAN database using FASCODE model in the given same condition. The comparison results show the method in this article can be used fast and convenient to calculate high temperature target radiance and improve the recognition of high temperature target.
GUARDING ANDROID: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF INTRUSION DETECTION TECHNIQUES FOR SMARTPHONES

The popularity of using the Android operating system has increased the number of developers and intruders in this field. Many applications are developed in this area and perform malicious activities like ransomware attacks, installing backdoors, phishing, sending premium short message service, and stealing private data. These activities pose many threats to smartphone users. This study provides a review of the main strategies used in intrusion detection systems to detect malicious activities at the application and system levels. The study illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of each method and the significant features used to discriminate against malicious activities and highlights several open issues that warrant further investigation and improvement. It is a comprehensive review that may be useful for academic researchers interested in cybersecurity.
Neighborhood systems for airborne laser data

Analysis of common neighborhood definitions for airborne laser data, triangulation or raster-based, reveals deficiencies in modeling the measured objects. Concepts that originate from 2D data structures are used for modeling complex 3D objects and for handling datasets with different point densities. Realizing these shortcomings, this paper proposes a new neighborhood system for airborne laser data. Based on laser data characteristics the proposed systems consider, among other features, point density, layered and overhanging structures, and local surface trends. Parameters for the proposed systems are derived from theoretical and practical observations. The paper demonstrates the type of neighborhood that is established by the proposed systems, and shows that artifacts that are usually created by the common neighborhoods are avoided here, and that structures within the data that are usually masked are revealed. The paper demonstrates how subsequent applications benefit from the new system. Finally, the estimation of surface normals by the proposed systems is compared to the triangulation; results show a significant improvement in the reliability and quality of the estimation.
GABAAR-mediated tonic inhibition differentially modulates intrinsic excitability of VIP- and SST- expressing interneurons in layers 2/3 of the somatosensory cortex

Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors (GABAARs) mediating tonic inhibition are thought to play an important role in the regulation of neuronal excitability. However, little is known about a cell type-specific tonic inhibition in molecularly distinctive types of GABAergic interneurons in the mammalian neocortex. Here, we used whole-cell patch-clamp techniques in brain slices prepared from transgenic mice expressing red fluorescent protein (TdTomato) in vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- or somatostatin- positive interneurons (VIP-INs and SST-INs, respectively) to investigate tonic and phasic GABAAR-mediated inhibition as well as effects of GABAA inhibition on intrinsic excitability of these interneurons in layers 2/3 (L2/3) of the somatosensory (barrel) cortex. We found that tonic inhibition was stronger in VIP-INs compared to SST-INs. Contrary to the literature data, tonic inhibition in SST-INs was comparable to pyramidal (Pyr) neurons. Next, tonic inhibition in both interneuron types was dependent on the activity of delta subunit-containing GABAARs. Finally, the GABAAR activity decreased intrinsic excitability of VIP-INs but not SST-INs. Altogether, our data indicate that GABAAR-mediated inhibition modulates neocortical interneurons in a type-specific manner. In contrast to L2/3 VIP-INs, intrinsic excitability of L2/3 SST-INs is immune to the GABAAR-mediated inhibition.
Study on Rheological and Stability of Natural Derived Carbon Nanosphere Nanofluids

In this work, carbon nanosphere derived from a waste rice husk (RH) were prepared through chemical treatment and calcination process. Moreover, the carbon nanofluids (CNF) were developed using simple chemical treatment assisted by ultrasound technique. Different composition of carbon nanosphere (CNS) were taken into experiment to determine the optimum and best properties. Ultrasound techniques were introduced in this study to reduce the agglomeration of the particle. Surface morphology of CNS were analysed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The sphere shape from the particle/grain were identified from the nanoparticle and proves the terms of “nanosphere”. Viscosity of the nanofluids were studied by rheological testing (Antoon PAR, MAR 3). Flow curve of nanofluids showed that at minimum inclusion of CNS improved the stress of the fluid significantly. More to the addition, dynamic viscosity measure possesses that addition of CNS stabilized the properties of the fluid compared to virgin base fluid. The stability of the CNF was investigated through UV-Vis. Findings shows that, the stability of the nanofluids stabilized starting from 1 week onwards as evidenced by UV-Visible spectrophotometer analysis. Furthermore, little to no precipitate noticed even after 8 weeks. This work offers greener approach for nanofluids which organic derived and environmentally friendly (very low percentage of nanoparticle, 0.02 vol% (equivalent to 0.002 wt %).
Female Basketball Student-Athletes' Motivation: Analyzing Academic Standing and Ethnicity at Atlantic Coast Conference Institutions

The purpose of this study was to survey female basketball student‐ athletes, participating in Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) member institutions, in order to determine their academic, collegiate athletic, and career athletic motivation based on academic standing and ethnicity. Another purpose was to validate the Student‐Athletes’ Motivation toward Sports and Academics Questionnaire (SAMSAQ), a newly developed instrument used to measure student‐athletes’ motivation. The Expectancy Theory of Motivation was used to discuss the perception of valence exhibited by the female basketball student‐ athletes. The research population for this study was N = 111. The population represented female basketball players at nine member institutions of the ACC. Two of the institutions did not participate in the research study. The research sample for this study was n = 100, which yielded a 90% response rate. Previous research that formed the basis for this study included ethnicity and motivation of student‐athletes, academic standing and motivation of student‐athletes, and limited literature regarding female basketball student‐ athletes’ academic motivation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results revealed there was no significant difference between academic, collegiate athletic, and career athletic motivation when analyzing academic standing. Data results for ethnicity and motivation revealed there was no significant difference between academic motivation and collegiate athletic motivation, however, there was a significant difference when career athletic motivation and ethnicity were analyzed. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the SAMSAQ and the extraction method using principal axis factoring revealed two factors would be more beneficial in an explanation of variance instead of three or more factors. The two
Modeling Interactions between Riverbank Hydrology and Mass Failures

AbstractRiverbank retreat derives from a complex combination of various processes where a key role is played by the interactions of groundwater and surface water. Recent progress has been made in two main research areas, i.e., the effects of hydrological factors on mass failures, and the role of subsurface flow in seepage erosion and bank stability. This paper aims to review recent progress and identify the main knowledge gaps in modeling riverbank failures, with a particular focus on the interactions between mass failures, bank hydrology and other hydrological factors related to the river hydrograph. Changes in pore water pressures related to transient variations of surface water and groundwater are widely recognized as one of the most important factors controlling the onset and timing of bank instability. Inclusion of negative pore water pressures and groundwater flow modeling has greatly improved the capability to predict mass failures. Fluvial erosion has a fundamental role in deforming the bank profi.
Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis using Banana Peels Extract and Its in Silico Evaluation for Antibacterial Activity against Escherichia coli

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) is widely applied in biomedical science. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is one of the potential metal nanoparticles famous for its potent antibacterial properties. However, its detrimental consequences on human health have been a significant concern. In this study, AgNPs was synthesized using banana peels by environmentally friendly approach, and their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli as well as mechanisms were studied in silico. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total tannin acid content (TTC) of the BPE were initially determined by extraction using aqueous and methanolic solutions. A disc diffusion test (DDT) against E. coli was used to confirm the antibacterial activity of the BPE and BPE-AgNPs. An in silico approach was used to conduct molecular docking research to assess the potential antibacterial mechanism of BPE phytochemicals with the proteins of E. coli. The phytochemical content analysis shows that flavonoid has the highest content in the aqueous and the methanol extract, with respective concentrations of 439.60±57.84 mg QE/g DW and 222.42±14.56 mg QE/g DW. According to the results of DDT, BPE-AgNPs demonstrated positive antibacterial activity, while BPE demonstrated negative result. Several flavonoid chemical compounds, including rutin, quercetin, myricetin, naringenin, apigenin, luteolin, morin, galangin, catechin, and chrysin, were examined for their ability to bind to E. coli proteins such penicillin-binding protein, dihydrofolate reductase, and glutamate racemase. Rutin with penicillin-binding protein demonstrated the highest binding affinity, with the lowest free binding energy of -9.96 kcal/mol and the inhibition constant of 0.05 µM. The in silico and molecular docking analysis demonstrated the ability of active components of banana peels to inhibit the activity of the E.coli proteins. These elements not only function as reducing and stabilising agents for AgNP synthesis but also prevent E. coli from growing, which is potential in future antibacterial uses.
Cytotoxic Test of Fig Leaf Ethanol Extract Fraction (Ficus carica L.) Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test Method

Cytotoxic test of fig leaf ethanol extract fraction (Ficus carica L.) has been conducted with the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. This study aims to determine the cytotoxic activity of fig leaf ethanol extract using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Fig leaves are extracted by maceration using 70% ethanol, then proceed with fractionation based on polarity, fractionation using N-hexane solvent, ethyl acetate and water. The results of phytochemical screening of fig leaf ethanol extract fraction stated that, n-hexan fraction contains flavonoid, phenolic, triterpenoid and saponin compounds. The ethyl acetate fraction contains phenolic compounds, triterpenoids and saponins. While the water fraction contains flavonoids, phenolics and saponin compounds. The results of cytotoxic testing of the fraction of fig leaf ethanol extract obtained LC50 values in the n-hexane fraction were 41.78 ppm (toxic), ethyl acetate fraction 33.57 ppm (toxic), and water fraction 16.36 ppm (very toxic).
Sulforaphane Bioavailability in Healthy Subjects Fed a Single Serving of Fresh Broccoli Microgreens

Cruciferous vegetable consumption is associated with numerous health benefits attributed to the phytochemical sulforaphane (SFN) that exerts antioxidant and chemopreventive properties, among other bioactive compounds. Broccoli sprouts, rich in SFN precursor glucoraphanin (GRN), have been investigated in numerous clinical trials. Broccoli microgreens are similarly rich in GRN but have remained largely unexplored. The goal of this study was to examine SFN bioavailability and the microbiome profile in subjects fed a single serving of fresh broccoli microgreens. Eleven subjects participated in a broccoli microgreens feeding study. Broccoli microgreens GRN and SFN contents and stability were measured. Urine and stool SFN metabolite profiles and microbiome composition were examined. Broccoli microgreens had similar GRN content to values previously reported for broccoli sprouts, which was stable over time. Urine SFN metabolite profiles in broccoli microgreens-fed subjects were similar to those reported previously in broccoli sprouts-fed subjects, including the detection of SFN-nitriles. We also reported the detection of SFN metabolites in stool samples for the first time. A single serving of broccoli microgreens did not significantly alter microbiome composition. We showed in this study that broccoli microgreens are a significant source of SFN. Our work provides the foundation for future studies to establish the health benefits of broccoli microgreens consumption.