Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internet Village Motoman Project in rural Cambodia: bridging the digital divide

Purpose Community wireless networking has become a growing trend in both metropolitan and rural areas around the world. However, few studies have sought to understand what motivates people to use community wireless networks and the unintended effects that those technologies have on communities, particularly for rural users. The purpose of this paper is to explore the benefits and usage of an asynchronous wireless internet system in a rural village of Cambodia to examine the issues and challenges in the acceptance of a new technology in a less-developed country. Design/methodology/approach By employing qualitative methods of in-depth case analysis, the authors revealed various usage motivations and unintended effects of the system. Findings The authors identified five reasons that motivated users to use the system: avowed identity, a means to an end, maintaining personal ties, power and influence, and psychological commitment and ownership. The unintended effects of the system included increased number of interactions among actors and other uses of the system, including internet commerce, telemedicine, and e-government. Research limitations/implications This study explores the wireless internet project known as the “Internet Village Motoman Project” that was initiated by a non-governmental organization with funding from private donors, supplemented with matching funds from the Asian Development Bank and the World Bank. Originality/value This study contributes to the academic understanding of rural regions of Cambodia and its evidence supports the current theoretical assumptions that user behaviors are not determined only by users’ decisions alone (as proposed by traditional cognitive IS research), but also by users and their social interactions as stated in the four-dimensional social actor framework proposed by Lamb and Kling (2003). The latter provides better explanation of the motivation for internet use in the region. The theoretical contribution of this study is the useful adoption of the actor-network approach in a non-organizational setting. The findings also contribute to the literature on how practical internet engineering can bridge the digital divide. Fulfilling the needs identified in the research and understanding unintended effects of the system will contribute to the successful implementation of new internet projects in other rural areas.
A shadow removal method for tesseract text recognition

For shadowed text images, the character recognition performance of Tesseract drops significantly. In this paper, we propose a new method to process the shadowed text images for the Tesseract's optical character recognition engine. First, a local adaptive threshold algorithm is used to transform the grayscale image into a binary image to capture the contours of texts. Next, to delete the salt-and-pepper noise in the shadow areas we propose a double-filtering algorithm, in which a projection method is used to remove the noise between texts and the median filter is used to remove the noise within characters. Finally, the processed binary image is fed into the Tesseract's optical character recognition engine. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve a better character recognition performance.
Medically Graded Honey Supplementation Formula to Preterm Infants as a Prebiotic: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of medically graded enteral honey supplementation on the intestinal microbiota, immune response, and somatic growth of preterm infants. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted on preterm infants with gestational age ⩽34 weeks and postnatal age >3 days. After reaching 1/2 goal enteral feeds, medically graded bee honey was added to milk at a dose of 5, 10, 15, and 0 g/day for 2 weeks in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. Anthropometric measurements, CD4 and CD8 cytokines, stool cultures, and stool polymerase chain reaction assays for molecular detection of microbiomes were performed at 0, 7, and 14 days of intervention. Analysis of variance test was used to detect differences among the 4 groups. Results: A total of 40 subjects were enrolled; 10 in each arm of the study. Compared with group D, all 3 intervention groups demonstrated significant increase in weight (P < 0.0001). Head circumference increased in groups B and C (P = 0.0056). There were no changes in CD4 or CD8 cytokines (P = 0.24 and P = 0.11, respectively). Enterobacter stool colonization decreased in groups A and B (P = 0.002), whereas Bifidobacterium bifidum colony counts increased in groups A, B, and C (P = 0.002) and lactobacilli colony counts increased in group B (P < 0.0001). Applying real-time polymerase chain reaction, B bifidum and lactobacilli increased in group C (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Supplementation of milk formula with medically graded honey was associated with changes in physical growth and colonic microbiota of preterm infants. Further studies are needed to examine the sustainability of these effects and associated long-term outcomes.
Correlating affect and behavior in reasoning mind with state test achievement

Previous studies have investigated the relationship between affect, behavior, and learning in blended learning systems. These articles have found that affect and behavior are closely linked with learning outcomes. In this paper, we attempt to replicate prior work on how affective states and behaviors relate to mathematics achievement, investigating these issues within the context of 5th-grade students in South Texas using a mathematics blended learning system, Reasoning Mind. We use automatic detectors of student behavior and affect, and correlate inferred rates of each behavior and affective state with the students' end-of-year standardized assessment score. A positive correlation between engaged concentration and test scores replicates previous studies, as does a negative correlation between boredom and test scores. However, our findings differ from previous findings relating to confusion, frustration, and off-task behavior, suggesting the importance of contextual factors for the relationship between behavior, affect, and learning. Our study represents a step in understanding how broadly findings on the relationships between affect/behavior and learning generalize across different learning platforms.
Research on event-related potentials in motor imagery BCI

The prospect of Motor Imagery (MI) BCI is attracting the researchers around the world. For MI BCI, training a user is a difficult and time-consuming task. This study aims at finding the pattern of Event-related Potentials, by which we can improve the training process, during training MI users. We designed the experiments, acquired the EEG signals and analyzed them during the periods when the subjects were executing the training trials and when they completed the training trials. The results show that the obvious potential patterns that are related to small probability events exist in the both situations and the elicited potentials on frontal lobe are commonly stronger than ones on other brain areas. We speculate that Attention Mechanism is deeply involved in the process of MI training. The finding would underlie our future work intending to develop the new MI training means and algorithm.
Simultaneous Multiple Intracerebral Hemorrhages (SMICH)

Background and Purpose— Simultaneous multiple intracerebral hemorrhages (SMICHs) are uncommon. Few single-center studies have analyzed characteristics and outcome of SMICH. We analyzed clinical characteristics and outcome of SMICH patients from 2 comprehensive stroke centers. Methods— Baseline imaging from consecutive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients (n=1552) from Helsinki ICH study and Royal Melbourne Hospital ICH study was screened for SMICH. ICH pathogenesis was classified according to the structural lesion, medication, amyloid angiopathy, systemic/other disease, hypertension, undetermined classification system (SMASH-U). ICH caused by trauma, tumor, and aneurysmal rupture was excluded. Baseline clinical and radiological characteristics and 90-day mortality were compared between SMICH and single ICH patients. Association of SMICH with 90-day mortality was assessed in multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for predictors of ICH outcome. Results— Of 1452 patients, 85 (5.9%) were classified as SMICH. SMICH were more often female (58% versus 42%; P=0.004), had lower baseline Glasgow Coma Scale (12 versus 14; P=0.008), and more frequent lobar location (59% versus 34%; P<0.001) compared with single ICH. The SMASH-U pathogenesis of SMICH patients was less often hypertensive (20% versus 37%; P=0.001), more often systemic coagulopathy (12% versus 3%; P<0.001), and trended toward more cerebral amyloid angiopathy (32% versus 23%; P=0.071). SMICH was not associated with 90-day mortality on univariate (37% versus 35%; P=0.610), multivariable (odds ratio, 0.783; 95% confidence interval, 0.401–1.529; P=0.473), or propensity score–matched analyses (odds ratio, 0.760; 95% confidence interval, 0.352–1.638; P=0.484). Conclusions— SMICH occurs in ≈1 in 20 ICH, more commonly with lobar located hematomas and systemic coagulopathy with less hypertensive angiopathy. The associated mortality is similar to single ICH. Given varied etiologies, SMICH management should target the underlying pathology.
Review of State Boards of Nursing Rules and Regulations for Nurse Preceptors.

BACKGROUND The clinical education of undergraduate nursing students relies heavily on the use of staff nurses who assume the preceptor role. The best and most efficient utilization of preceptors is unknown. METHOD This study reviewed Board of Nursing rules and regulations for all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories for their published requirements regarding preceptors. Specifically, this review focused on preceptor-student and faculty-student ratios, role responsibilities, and requirements of preceptors and faculty in undergraduate precepted clinical experiences. RESULTS Although some commonalities were noted, such as eligibility (RN licensure), degree requirements (baccalaureate), and years of experience (1 to 3), 11 states had no documented regulations. The existing documents appear to lack depth, specificity, and consistency. CONCLUSION Because preceptors are utilized to such a great extent, the eligibility, selection, preparation, and expectations of preceptors and faculty who work with them should be more explicit. [J Nurs Educ. 2018;57(3):134-141. ].
Driving data storytelling from learning design

Data science is now impacting the education sector, with a growing number of commercial products and research prototypes providing learning dashboards. From a human-centred computing perspective, the end-user's interpretation of these visualisations is a critical challenge to design for, with empirical evidence already showing that `usable' visualisations are not necessarily effective from a learning perspective. Since an educator's interpretation of visualised data is essentially the construction of a narrative about student progress, we draw on the growing body of work on Data Storytelling (DS) as the inspiration for a set of enhancements that could be applied to data visualisations to improve their communicative power. We present a pilot study that explores the effectiveness of these DS elements based on educators' responses to paper prototypes. The dual purpose is understanding the contribution of each visual element for data storytelling, and the effectiveness of the enhancements when combined.
Current Status of GaN-Based Solid-State Lighting

The continuous improvement in luminous efficacy of “white” light-emitting-diode (LED) sources offers the potential of considerable energy savings in general lighting applications. Recent experiments at UCSB have demonstrated 117 lumens per watt (lm/W) in white LEDs, with further improvements expected in the near future. Considerable progress has also been achieved using nonpolar GaN, such as a -plane {1120} and m -plane {1100} GaN, or semipolar GaN substrates. Such devices avoid the deleterious effects of charge separation due to spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization inherent in most c -axis-oriented devices.
Mapping the brain network of the phonological loop

The cortical and subcortical neural correlates underlying item and order information in verbal short‐term memory (STM) were investigated by means of digit span in 29 patients with direct electrical stimulation during awake surgery for removal of a neoplastic lesion. Stimulation of left Broca's area interfered with span, producing significantly more item than order errors, as compared to the stimulation of the supramarginal/angular gyrus, which also interfered with span but, conversely, produced more order than item errors. Similarly, stimulation of the third segment of the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF‐III), also known as anterior segment of the arcuate fascicle (AF), produced more order than item errors. Therefore, we obtained two crucial results: first, we were able to distinguish between content and order information storage. Second, we demonstrated that the SLF‐III is involved in transferring order information from Geschwind's area to Broca's area. In a few patients, we demonstrated that also order information of nonverbal material was disrupted by left supramarginal gyrus stimulation. Order information is thus likely stored in the supramarginal gyrus, possibly independently from the nature of the material. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3011–3024, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reciprocal Interaction of 24-Hour Blood Pressure Variability and Systolic Blood Pressure on Outcome in Stroke Thrombolysis

Background and Purpose— Significance and management of blood pressure (BP) changes in acute stroke care are unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the impact of 24-hour BP variability (BPV) on outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis. Methods— From the Safe Implementation of Treatment in Stroke International Stroke Thrombolysis registry, 28 976 patients with documented pre-treatment systolic BP at 2 and 24 hours were analyzed. The primary measure of BP variability was successive variability. Data were preprocessed using coarsened exact matching. We assessed early neurological improvement, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH), and long-term functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] at 90 days) by binary and ordinal regression analyses. Results— Attempts to explain successive variation for analysis of BPV with patients characteristics at admission found systolic BP (5.5% variance) to be most influential, yet 92% of BPV variance remained unexplained. Independently from systolic BP, successive variation for analysis of BPV was associated with poor functional outcome mRS score of 0 to 2 (odds ratio [OR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90–0.98), disadvantage across the shift of mRS (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.08), mortality (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01–1.08), SICHSITS (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06–1.23), and SICHECASS (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.10–1.40; ECASS [European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study 2]). Analyzing successive variation for analysis of BPV as a function of pre-treatment, systolic BP significantly improved the prediction of functional outcome (mRS score of 0–1, mRS score of 0–2, neurological improvement, mRS-shift: all Pinteraction<0.01). Excluding patients with atrial fibrillation in a sensitivity analysis gave consistent results overall. Conclusions— This study suggests the need for a more individual BP management accounting for pre-treatment BP and the acute BP course (ie, BPV) to achieve best possible outcome for the patient.
Toward Reproducibility in Online Social Network Research

The challenge of conducting reproducible computational research is acknowledged across myriad disciplines from biology to computer science. In the latter, research leveraging online social networks (OSNs) must deal with a set of complex issues, such as ensuring data can be collected in an appropriate and reproducible manner. Making research reproducible is difficult, and researchers may need suitable incentives, and tools and systems, to do so. In this paper, we explore the state-of-the-art in OSN research reproducibility, and present an architecture to aid reproducibility. We characterize the reproducible OSN research using three main themes: 1) reporting of methods; 2) availability of code; and 3) sharing of research data. We survey 505 papers and assess the extent to which they achieve these reproducibility objectives. While systems-oriented papers are more likely to explain data-handling aspects of their methodology, social science papers are better at describing their participant-handling procedures. We then examine incentives to make research reproducible, by conducting a citation analysis of these papers. We find that sharing data are associated with increased citation count, while sharing method and code does not appear to be. Finally, we introduce our architecture which supports the conduct of reproducible OSN research, which we evaluate by replicating an existing research study.
Role of mean in the multifractal analysis of financial time series

This paper introduces a multiscale multifractal method based on n-mean to analyze the multifractal and role of the n-day mean of individual share exchange or stock composite index data. The method also allows us to discuss the role of the n-day mean of financial time series depending on their magnitude and the time scale using the generalized Hurst exponent and surfaces of Hurst exponent. In this paper, the proposed method focuses on the n-day mean of individual share exchange or stock composite index data, which lets us to apply the MMA method to analyze all financial time series. From the experimental results, we find that the experimental results provide important basic information for us to study financial time series. It is necessary to analyze the multifractal and role of the n-day mean of financial time series. The experimental results also provide important basic information for us to study financial time series.
Optimal power dispatch of multiple energy sources in energy hubs

Energy consumption is growing in parallel with growth of economy. To meet needs of industrial, commercial and local users and to enable transfer of people and goods, a sufficient supply of energy must be provided. The energy infrastructure needs to be increased and diversified to provide energy needed by each region for future economic growth. The consideration of multiple energy carriers, not only electricity, represents an opportunity for system improvement. The couplings among different infrastructures must be taken into consideration in the light of the idea of "energy hub". This paper introduces a general modelling and optimization approach for power dispatch and conversion in energy systems including different energy carriers. Loads are supplied using different structures of energy hub to get the optimal structure of the hub. Finally, the approach is demonstrated in numerical case studies.
Spatiotemporal Coherence-Based Annotation Placement for Surveillance Videos

In this paper, we propose a novel annotation placement approach for revealing information about foreground objects in surveillance videos. To arrange positions of annotations, spatiotemporal coherence between annotations and foreground objects is applied. The annotation placement problem is formulated as an optimization problem with respect to spatiotemporal coherence of annotations and foreground objects. The optimization problem is effectively solved using Markov random fields. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first work that discusses and solves the annotation placement problem for surveillance videos by considering the relationships between annotations and foreground objects with trajectories. As shown in the experiments, the proposed approach can arrange annotations based on the moving trajectories of foreground objects and prevent the occlusions between different annotations and foreground objects. It also achieves better quantitative and qualitative results compared with state-of-the-art approaches.
My baby, my move: examination of perceived barriers and motivating factors related to antenatal physical activity.

INTRODUCTION Based on a socioecological model, the present study examined multilevel barriers and facilitators related to physical activity engagement during pregnancy in women of low socioeconomic status. METHODS Individual and paired interviews were conducted with 25 pregnant women (aged 18-46 years, 17-40 weeks' gestation) to ask about motivational factors and to compare differences in activity level and parity. Atlas/Ti software was used to code verbatim interview transcripts by organizing codes into categories that reflect symbolic domains of meaning, relational patterns, and overarching themes. RESULTS Perceived barriers and motivating factors differed between exercisers and nonexercisers at intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental levels. DISCUSSION Future interventions should take into account key motivating multilevel factors and barriers to tailor more meaningful advice for pregnant women.
Sex-specific lateralization of event-related potential effects during mental rotation of polygons

Mental rotation performance has been found to produce one of the largest sex differences in cognition. Many theories suggest that this effect should be accompanied by a sex difference in functional cerebral asymmetry, but empirical data are more than equivocal probably because of (a) the use of inappropriate stimuli and (b) insufficient power of most neurophysiological studies. Therefore, sex differences in mental rotation of polygons were investigated in 122 adults. Men outperformed women on mental rotation speed (as well as on response time and accuracy). On the basis of the electrophysiological brain correlates of mental rotation, we observed a bilateral brain activity for men, whereas women’s brain activity was clearly lateralized toward the left hemisphere if and only if mental rotation was involved. Thus, sex differences in functional cerebral asymmetry can indeed be observed if appropriate stimuli are used in a sufficiently large sample.
An Empirically Derived Pediatric Cardiac Inotrope Score Associated With Pediatric Heart Surgery.

We aimed to empirically derive an inotrope score to predict real-time outcomes using the doses of inotropes after pediatric cardiac surgery. The outcomes evaluated included in-hospital mortality, prolonged hospital length of stay, and composite poor outcome (mortality or prolonged hospital length of stay). The study population included patients <18 years of age undergoing heart operations (with or without cardiopulmonary bypass) of varying complexity. To create this novel pediatric cardiac inotrope score (PCIS), we collected the data on the highest doses of 4 commonly used inotropes (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and milrinone) in the first 24 hours after heart operation. We employed a hierarchical framework by representing discrete probability models with continuous latent variables that depended on the dosage of drugs for a particular patient. We used Bayesian conditional probit regression to model the effects of the inotropes on the mean of the latent variables. We then used Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations for simulating posterior samples to create a score function for each of the study outcomes. The training dataset utilized 1030 patients to make the scientific model. An online calculator for the tool can be accessed at https://soipredictiontool.shinyapps. io/InotropeScoreApp. The newly proposed empiric PCIS demonstrated a high degree of discrimination for predicting study outcomes in children undergoing heart operations. The newly proposed empiric PCIS provides a novel measure to predict real-time outcomes using the doses of inotropes among children undergoing heart operations of varying complexity.