Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
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Fast-shrinking dimensions of semiconductor devices are expected to reach sub-10 nm scale in a few years. Although smaller in size and lower in power consumption than today’s CMOS devices, the nanoscaled devices are much less reliable due to manufacturing imperfections (hard errors), and noise and radiation-induced faults (soft errors). Consequently, in addition to timing, area, and power, the reliability has to become a new design criterion. This also means that the topic of reliability has to be incorporated into the circuit design curriculum. In this paper, we propose a course on circuit reliability. We also present in detail, an automated tool for calculation of reliability which could be incorporated into the course as a means for active learning.
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A measure of interrater absolute agreement for ordinal scales is proposed capitalizing on the dispersion index for ordinal variables proposed by Giuseppe Leti. The procedure allows to overcome the limits affecting traditional measures of interrater agreement in different fields of application. An unbiased estimator of the proposed measure is introduced and its sampling properties are investigated. In order to construct confidence intervals for interrater absolute agreement both asymptotic results and bootstrapping methods are used and their performance is evaluated. Simulated data are employed to demonstrate the accuracy and practical utility of the new procedure for assessing agreement. Finally, an application to a real case is provided.
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Rationale: The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine provides a pragmatic approach to address the link between glutamate-mediated changes in brain function and psychosis-like experiences. Most studies using PET or BOLD fMRI have assessed these symptoms broadly, which may limit inference about specific mechanisms. Objectives: The objective of this study is to identify the cerebral blood flow (CBF) correlates of ketamine-induced psychopathology, focusing on individual psychotomimetic symptom dimensions, which may have separable neurobiological substrates. Methods: We measured validated psychotomimetic symptom factors following intravenous ketamine administration in 23 healthy male volunteers (10 given a
Nighttime Glare and Driving Performance: Research Findings

Summary II-1 Introduction II-1Methods II-3 Results II-7 Discussion II-12 III. Exploratory Measurement of Real-World Headlamp Illumination III-1 Summary III-1Introduction III-1 Methods III-2 Results III-6 Further Analyses III-14Preliminary Conclusions III-16 IV. Headlamp Aim Survey IV-1 Summary IV-1 Introduction IV-1Methods IV-2 Results IV-6Discussion IV-9 V. Survey of Driver Visual Needs and Metrics V-1 Summary V-1 Background V-1Visibility: Visual Needs and Metrics V-2Glare: Visual Needs and Metrics V-4 Discussion V-5 Annotated Literature Review V-8 VI. Glare Recovery Field Study VI-1 Summary VI-1Introduction VI-1Methods VI-4 Results VI-7Discussion VI-11
Expectations about the Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Honey Bee Colonies in Egypt

There are enormous challenges for managed honey bee, Apis mellifera, colonies in the world. Climate change is expected to be the major threat for honey bees in the future. Climate change can impact honey bee colonies negatively and/or positively. Unfortunately, few studies have been done on impacts of climate change on beekeeping. In this research, the possible changes in temperature and some bioclimatic factors in Egypt during near future 2070 were investigated using available datasets. Geographical information system (GIS) was used to perform the study. Potential impacts of climate change on honey bee colonies were then expected using visual comparison technique. It is expected that thermal stress on honey bee colonies in Egypt will be the major problem for beekeepers especially during summer. No major changes are expected to happen in the other bioclimatic factors including precipitation. Beekeepers are advised to harvest honey from their colonies earlier than current time. Some honey bee diseases and pests are not expected to be a great challenge in the near future. For future challenges, studies towards obtaining heat tolerant bees are very essential. Developing suitable methods for protecting honey bee colonies from thermal stress during summer are required.
Public health education: the status of health and health-related physical activity courses in Texas community colleges

Background There is an inverse relationship between disease and both health literacy and physical literacy. Courses taken during the completion of degrees at community colleges help to prepare students to be productive members of society by teaching knowledge, skills, and abilities needed for employment and good citizenship. Coursework in public health education and health-related behaviors should be included in the overall community college curriculum. The purpose of this study was to determine the status of Health/Wellness/Physical Fitness Lecture (HWPFL) and Health-Related Physical Activity (HRPA) courses in Texas community colleges. Methods A review of the institutional websites of Texas community colleges (N = 50) was performed to access information regarding HWPFL and HRPA courses and graduation requirements. Information regarding the Texas Core Curriculum was reviewed for any local additions to the state mandated requirements that students are required to complete prior to the attainment of Associate in Arts (AA) and Associate in Science (AS) degrees. Results Individual colleges were grouped into those with <5,000 students (N = 21), those having 5,000–10,000 students (N = 16), and those with >10,000 students (N = 13). Three (6%) institutions require a HWPFL course for AA and AS degrees and 49 (98%) had such courses available for elective credit. Two (4%) colleges require an HRPA course for AA and AS degrees whereas 47 (94%) offer such courses for elective credit. There was one college that only offers a HWPFL course. One college did not offer either HWPFL or HRPA courses. There were many identical courses offered by various colleges for required and elective credit. Conclusion Requiring health, wellness, and health-related physical activity requirements in Texas community colleges can be a policy solution for improving health and physical literacy in students. This research study demonstrated the prevalence of health, wellness, and health-related physical activity requirements in the 50 public community colleges in the state of Texas. Offering courses in health, wellness, and health-related physical activity as required or elective courses for graduation from Texas community colleges is a means through which to develop health literacy and physical literacy in students resulting in a positive influence on public health.
FLUCTUATIONS IN COLONY SIZE IN THE ROOK

(1) Capture-recapture data on rooks in two intensively studied colonies in north-east Scotland are used to obtain an estimate of 79.2% (S. E. 2.4%) for the annual survivaland-return rate for adult members of a colony. (2) Such a high rate indicates that the observed large fluctuations in rookery sizes are due to fluctuations in the number of birds joining the breeding groups each year. (3) It is shown how this arises in a simple model.
THALASSEMIA: INCIDENCE AND PREDICTIVE FACTORS FOR CHRONIC GVHD AFTER HLA-IDENTICAL SIBLING MARROW TRANSPLANTATION

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is the only definie cure in thalassemia and its most important complication is chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). We analysed the incidence of cGVHD and its associated risk factors in a group of 89 Iranian thalassemic patients of HLA-identical sibling transplants surviving at least 90 days after transplantation.In the majority of cases (39) cGVHD occurred in the first year following transplant (median 271 days). Actuarial probability of cGVHD in 1 year was 43.8±10% (95% CI). In univariate analysis, the most important risk factor was the type of transplant: 78.9% (15.19) of patients who underwent peripheral blood stem cell transplant developed cGVHD compared with only 34.3% (24/70) of those who underwent bone marrow transplant (RR=3.65 p BM p<0.001). The probability of survival was 93.3% and there was no significant difference in the probability of survival between PBT vs BMT (94% vs 92% p=0.6
Physicochemical characterization and antibacterial activity of Brazilian artisanal milk kefir

Milk kefir has an acidic taste and creamy consistency and results from the fermentation of milk by the microorganisms present in kefir grains. Milk kefir is known worldwide for its health benefits attributed to various bioactive compounds, including organic acids, bioactive peptides, and bacteriocins. This study evaluated the physicochemical composition of Brazilian artisanal milk kefir samples and studied the antibacterial activity of kefir beverage and of microorganisms isolated from kefir against potentially pathogenic bacteria. During the 24 and 48 h kefir fermentation, reducing sugars and pH decreased and lactic acid concentration increased. Kefir fermented in 48 h completely inhibited the bacterial growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli. Of the 29 microorganisms isolated from kefir, 10 strains (34.5%) showed inhibitory activity against S. aureus, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus mutans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. enterica and E. coli. These strains showed inhibition zones of 12-40 mm against potentially pathogenic bacteria tested. Based on the antagonist capacity of the microorganisms isolated from milk kefir, these strains have potential to be used as food preservatives and as probiotic agents.
Construction of ice domes at Asuka station in Antarctica

An attempt was made to construct an ice dome in order to study the construction technique and to examine its deformation by creep and sublimation of ice in the Antarctic. A 10-m diameter membrane was inflated by a ventilator. Stored water was sprayed on it, and sometimes milled snow was blown by a small snow miller. About 13 t of water was consumed for making an ice dome 7 cm thick, 3 m high. The deformation of the ceiling grew with time due to creep. The sinkage of the center reached 55 mm after 99 days. The wall thickness rapidly decreased due to sublimation in summer time; consequently, snow was occasionally added with a rotary snowplow. The ice dome was effectively used as storehouse and workshop. Though it was attmpted to make water outside by using a snow melter with an oil burner for another ice dome, the work was hard. A snow dome without water was also attempted, but the snow did not harden.
Optically stimulated luminescence dating of alluvial fan deposits of Pinjaur Dun, NW Sub Himalaya

The Quaternary deposits of Pinjaur Dun characterized by a series of alluvial fans, are indication of tectonic uplift of the northern part of the Sub Himalaya and variation in climate through the time of their sedimentation. The quartz optically stimulated luminescence ages of the exposed bottom and top of the fan deposits indicate that the sedimentation commenced well before 57 ka BP and continued up to around 20 ka BP. Presently the base of the river is about 30-40 m below the distal fan surface indicating that after the termination of fan sedimentation around 20 ka BP, river incision and subsequent terrace formations occurred probably due to change in climate and tectonism.
Accuracy ― A program for combined problems of energy analysis, indoor airflow, and air quality

Developpement du programme «ACCURACY» utilise pour un diagnostic thermique, le calcul de charge thermique ou frigorifique, la determination de la distribution de l'air interieur, le calcul de la temperature de l'air du local et des distributions de contamination, l'evaluation du rendement thermique et du rendement de la ventilation, ce qui permet de selectionner les equipements les plus economiques et leur localisation
Factors associated with depressive symptoms in elderly caregivers with chronic pain.

OBJECTIVE to identify factors associated with depressive symptoms in elderly caregivers with chronic pain. METHOD the study included people 60 years of age or older who reported chronic pain and cared for another elderly person living in the same household (n=186). Statistical analyzes were performed using the Mann-Whitney test, univariate and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS most participants had no depressive symptoms (70.4%), 24.2% had mild depressive symptoms and 5.4% had severe symptoms. Univariate analysis showed that the variables family income, number of diseases, number of medications in use, pain intensity, overload and perceived stress were associated with depressive symptoms. Multivariate analysis found an association with perceived stress (95% CI 1.101-1207) and number of medications (95% CI 1.139-1.540) in use. CONCLUSION factors associated with depressive symptoms in elderly caregivers with chronic pain were stress and the number of medications in use.
Power Minimization of Cooperative Relay Transmission with Relay's Private Information

Power minimization of a cooperative decode-and-forward (DF) half-duplex relaying is considered in this paper. In the system considered, two source nodes (S) try to communicate with one destination (D). Recognizing the difference in link qualities, one of source nodes not only transmits its own information to D but also acts as a relay for the other S. An optimization problem is formulated to minimize total network power by adjusting transmission powers and a time sharing variable. Since the objective function is not convex, an optimal solution cannot be obtained with low complexity. Instead, we approximate the objective function by a convex function to obtain a suboptimum time sharing factor among transmission phases. Then, transmission power is calculated based on the obtained suboptimum time sharing factor. Power saving of the system considered is compared to multiple access channel (MAC) with optimum power allocation.
BRITISH BIOMEDICAL BULLETIN

Endosseous dental implants have been well accepted for replacing missing teeth in today’s dental practice. The success of dental implant therapy is essentially based on the process of osseointegration. In the recent years, surface composition, surface topography and surface roughness of titanium implant have been found to play a major role in osseointegration and success, which has resulted in commercial availability of many implants with different surface modifications. This article explores various methods of implant surface modifications and their role in osseointegration.
Foresight : The Effect of Outcome Knowledge on Judgment Under Uncertainty

One major difference between historical and nonhistorical judgment is that the historical judge typically knows how things turned out. In Experiment 1, receipt of such outcome knowledge was found to increase the postdicted likelihood of reported events and change the perceived relevance of eventdescriptive data, regardless of the likelihood of the outcome and the truth of the report. Judges were, however, largely unaware of the effect that outcome knowledge had on their perceptions. As a result, they overestimated what they would have known without outcome knowledge (Experiment 2), as well as what others (Experiment 3) actually did know without outcome knowledge. It is argued that this lack of awareness can seriously restrict one's ability to judge or learn from the past.
Academic Policies

Attendance Policy [1] Olin Exposition [2] Definition of Full-Time Status [3] Course Overload Policy [4] Class Standing [5] Declaration of Major/Change of Major [6] Registration [7] Cross-Registration Policy [8] The Add Period [9] The Drop Period [10] Course Withdrawal [11] Half-Semester Courses [12] Grading at Olin [13] Honor Code [14] Incomplete Policy [15] Extra Help [16] Grade Change Policy [17] Final Exam Policy for Excused Absences [18] Graduation [19] Academic Recommendation Board [20] The Course Substitution and Transfer Board [21] Committee on Student Academic Performance [22] Student Academic Performance [23] College Withdrawal Policy [24] Leave of Absence Policy [25] Study Away Program [26] Transfer Credit [27] AP Exams and Advanced Study [28] Special Accommodations Policy [29]
LIQUID CRYSTALS: A REVIEW

Liquid crystals also called as mesophase they are the substances that flow like liquids but maintain specific of the well-ordered arrangement characteristics of crystalline solids. Made by the two ways that is , classified into two types 1) Thermotropic LCs and another is 2) Lyotropic LCs The Thermotropic is created by temperature difference in the liquid state, while the Lyotropic LCs is made by liquefying the compound in several solvents. Also its deals the systems adequate vast amplitude molecular movement so that molecules can be change sites of molecules and reorient self forming LC phases. The thermotropic LCs are generally single-compound systems, whereas lyotropic LCs are always solutions containing multiple compounds having solute and solvent. Main
Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation of the Abdomen, Ear, and Tibial Nerve Modulates Bladder Contraction in a Rat Detrusor Overactivity Model: A Pilot Study

Purpose The global prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) is estimated at 11.8%. Despite existing treatment options such as sacral neuromodulation, a substantial number of patients remain untreated. One potential alternative is noninvasive transcutaneous electrical stimulation. This form of stimulation does not necessitate the implantation of an electrode, thereby eliminating the need for highly skilled surgeons, expensive implantable devices, or regular hospital visits. We hypothesized that alternative neural pathways can impact bladder contraction. Methods In this pilot study, we conducted transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the abdominal wall (T6-L1), the ear (vagus nerve), and the ankle (tibial nerve) of 3 anesthetized female Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulation was administered within a range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz, and its impact on intravesical pressure was measured. We focused on 3 primary outcomes related to intravesical pressure: (1) the pressure change from the onset of a contraction to its peak, (2) the average duration of contraction, and (3) the number of contractions within a specified timeframe. These measurements were taken while the bladder was filled with either saline or acetic acid (serving as a model for OAB). Results Transcutaneous stimulation of the abdominal wall, ear, and ankle at a frequency of 20 Hz decreased the number of bladder contractions during infusion with acetic acid. As revealed by a comparison of various stimulation frequencies of the tibial nerve during bladder infusion with acetic acid, the duration of contraction was significantly shorter during stimulation at 1 kHz and 3 kHz relative to stimulation at 20 Hz (P = 0.025 and P = 0.044, respectively). Conclusions The application of transcutaneous electrical stimulation to the abdominal wall, ear, and tibial nerve could provide less invasive and more cost-effective treatment options for OAB relative to percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation and sacral neuromodulation. A follow-up study involving a larger sample size is recommended.
The Unintended Consequences of Agricultural Input Intensification: Human Health Implications of Agro-chemical Use in Sub-Saharan Africa

While agro-chemicals such as pesticides, fungicides, and herbicides are often promoted as inputs that increase agricultural productivity by limiting a range of pre-harvest losses, their use may have negative human health and labor productivity implications. We explore the relationship between agro-chemical use and the value of crop output at the plot level and a range of human health outcomes at the household level using nationally representative panel survey data from four Sub-Saharan African countries where more than ten percent of main season cultivators use agrochemicals. We find that agro-chemicals use is associated with increased value of harvest, with similar magnitudes across three of the four countries under study, but is also associated with increases in costs associated with human illness, including increased health expenditures related to illness and time lost from work due to sickness in recent past. We motivate our empirical work with a simple dynamic optimization model that clearly shows the role that farmer understanding of these feedbacks can play in optimizing the use of agro-chemicals. The central role of information in determining that optimum underscores the role of agricultural and public health extension as modern input intensification proceeds in the region. JEL codes: I15, I31, J28, J32, O13, O33, Q12
Phytochemical screening and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the leaves and root barks of Dichrostachys cinerea L. Wight and Arn. (Fabaceae): A plant traditionally used for the treatment of asthma in Korhogo

Dichrostachys cinerea is a plant species with multiple therapeutic uses. The present work focuses on the pharmacological and chemical valorization of the leaves and root barks of this species, harvested in Korhogo (Côte d'Ivoire), for the treatment of asthma. Plant antioxidants could alleviate the symptoms of this pathology. A hydro-ethanol extraction of these organs was carried out by maceration. From the extracts obtained, a phytochemical study in tubes and by TLC revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, saponins, sterols and terpenes in these organs. In addition, the leaves contain coumarins and the root barks alkaloids. Antioxidant activity against the DPPH radical was demonstrated by tube, TLC and spectrophotometric methods. The IC50s of the hydro-ethanol extracts determined showed that the antioxidant power of the leaves (0.06894 mg/mL) is much greater than that of the root barks (0.11147 mg/mL). These results could justify the use of these organs in the traditional treatment of diseases linked to oxidative stress, but particularly asthma. However, further work is required to evaluate the toxicity and antispasmodic effect of these two organs on asthma.
Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Antimicrobial Potential of Bergenia ligulata

Bergenia ligulata, locally known as “Pashanbheda,” belongs to the family Saxifragaceae and is a perennial herb with a short and thick stem. This plant has numerous medicinal properties including antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The qualitative and quantitative analysis shows that the rhizome of this plant contains various phytochemical constituents. Qualitative analysis shows that it contains phenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, carbohydrates, and glycosides. Thirty- two bioactive compounds were identifiedduring GC-MS analysis. Dihydro-3-methylene-5-methyl-2-furanon, Stigmast-5-en-3-ol, 9-Octadecenamide(Z), 6,9-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, methyl compounds have antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. The total phenol and flavonoid content from the quantitative analysis revealed a significant amount of phenol i.e., 67.1±0.02*6mg/g, and flavonoid content i.e., 89.11±0.01* mg/g. In vitro, antioxidant activities were estimated by diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay showing the highest % inhibition of 47.24±0.06* for plant extract and 41.63±0.057* for standard respectively. The in vitro, antidiabetic activitieswere estimated by alpha-amylase inhibition assay showing the highest % inhibition of 67.14±0.05* at 250 μg/ ml for methanolic plant extract and 61.42±0.01* at 250 μg/ ml for standard and in vitro antibacterial potential were detected by using Agar well diffusion process. The anti-bacterial action was found maximum in aqueous plant extract against staphylococcus aureus bacteria.