Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Source Process of the Great 1977 Sumba Earthquake

In order to investigate the applicability of the asperity model to intraplate earthquakes we have studied the rupture process of the great 1977 Sumba normal-faulting earthquake (Mw=8.2–8.3), one of the largest earthquakes since 1963. This event has been variously interpreted as a plate detachment event (i.e., rupture through the entire lithosphere) or a shallow plate-bending event. We have analyzed long-period body waves in order to determine the spatiotemporal rupture characteristics, including the depth extent of the rupture area. Visible depth phases in the initial stage of weak radiation beginning about 15 s before the main pulse suggest that the earthquake nucleated near 29 km depth, which corresponds to the maximum depth of the aftershock sequence. The excitation of a strong tsunami implies that rupture extends to the surface, while deconvolutions of long-period P waves suggest a relatively shallow (≤ 50 km) maximum depth extent. However, the existence of slip below this depth cannot be ruled out, particularly if it preferentially radiates frequencies below the passband of the body waves used (< 0.02 Hz). For undiffracted phases the source time function of the principal rupture, which initiated 30 km west of the epicenter of the precursor, comprises a dominant, initial short-duration (24 s) triangular pulse followed by several smaller pulses. However, slightly diffracted phases indicate a simple basic (underlying) character for the rupture, consisting of the initial 24-s triangle superimposed on a longer-duration (42–44 s) trapezoid. The absence of observable directivity in the deconvolved source time functions suggests a bilateral rupture mode. Although the body waves do not require a fault length greater than 80 km, the aftershock area and surface wave results of Zhang and Kanamori [1988] imply a total length of at least 200 km. The body wave source functions are well modeled by a 200-km-long fault, extending to 30–50 km depth, on which slip nucleates at the center of the fault and has variable displacement along strike. The peak moment release of the deconvolved source functions indicates higher displacement in the hypocentral area than in other areas of the fault. The spatial relationship of the precursor and the main pulse is suggestive of rupture initiating at and propagating along the edge of an asperity prior to the rupture of the asperity itself. The large size of the event may be due to an unusual stress environment arising from strong lateral gradients in seismic interplate coupling along the Java-Timor arc.
Rediscovering lost relationships: Canadian Arctic ethnographic materials recovered from the ‘ghost ship’ Baychimo and the University of Alaska Museum of the North

ABSTRACT In 1931, the Hudson's Bay Company cargo steamer, SS Baychimo, was trapped in sea ice and abandoned in the Chukchi Sea off the northern coast of Alaska. Large amounts of scientific and navigational instruments and gear and personal items were left aboard, among them an ethnographic collection gathered in 1930 from Inuit groups in the Canadian Arctic by Richard Sterling Finnie. The ship was boarded several times over the next three years with items being salvaged by locals from nearby Wainwright and Barrow. In 1933, crew and passengers from MS Trader, a small trading vessel from Nome, boarded the abandoned ship and recovered several of Finnie's ethnological specimens. In 1934, Peter Palsson, crewmember of Trader, gave several ethnological specimens to members of the United States Department of the Interior-Alaska College Archaeological Expedition. That year, the Baychimo collection was accessioned to the nascent University of Alaska Museum (now, the University of Alaska Museum of the North). For over 80 years, the collection's relationships with Finnie, the Baychimo, and Palsson remained obscure, and its historical significance has just been rediscovered. This paper describes the collection and the path it took from the Baychimo to the University of Alaska Museum.
Future Directions in Valuing Beneﬁts for Estimating QALYs: Is Time Up for the EQ-5D?

The widespread adoption of the EuroQol 5-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D) has been important for the comparability, transparency, and consistency of economic evaluations for informing resource allocation in healthcare. The objectives of this article were to (1) critically assess whether the widespread adoption of the EQ-5D and its time trade-off e based value sets to inform economic evaluation is likely to continue and (2) speculate about how beneﬁts may be measured and valued to inform economic evaluation in the future. Evidence supports the use of the EQ-5D in many areas of health, but there are notable gaps. Furthermore, there has been interest among some policy makers in measuring changes in well-being, and in using common outcomes across sectors. Possibilities for measuring well-being alongside health can be achieved through bolt-on dimensions or an entirely new measure capturing both health and well-being. Nevertheless, there are signiﬁcant concerns about the logic of estimating a common utility function. The development of online valuation methods has had a major impact on the ﬁeld, which is likely to continue. We, however, recommend more allowance for respondents to consider their an- swers. There is an ongoing debate on the role of patient values or experience-based values. To date, this has seen limited take-up by decision makers and there are signiﬁcant technical problems to obtaining representative and meaningful values. Policy makers and the general population must decide on the focus and scope of beneﬁts that are incorporated into economic evaluation, and current evidence on this is mixed. In part, this will determine whether the widespread
Themed Section : Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors EDITORIAL Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

This themed section of the British Journal of Pharmacology is the product of a conference that focussed on nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) that was held on the Greek island of Crete from 7 to 11 May 2017. ‘Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors 2017’ was the fourth in a series of triennial international meetings that have provided a regular forum for scientists working on all aspects of nAChRs to meet and to discuss new developments. In addition to many of the regular participants, each meeting has also attracted a new group of scientists working in a fast-moving area of research. This themed section comprises both review articles and original research papers on nAChRs.
Communication Perspective of Wildfire Detection and Suppression: A Survey of Technologies, Requirements, and Future Directions

Wildfires have always been a risk to the environment and to human settlements; in the course of history, wildfire management methods have benefited from various technological breakthroughs. In the 20th century, it was the introduction of aerial fire suppression, but with the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and the latest telecommunication standards in the 21st century, there is potential for even more breakthroughs in wildfire management. In this paper, we collect, survey and systematise the recent research efforts that focus on wildfire detection and suppression. Departing from this state-of-the-art, we identify and discuss the communication requirements these methods imply and the potential technologies capable of addressing them. As a part of our contribution, we also introduce some exemplary results based on the developed simulation models allowing one to assess and analyse the connectivity requirements for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs) assisted connectivity in a wildfire scenario. These results can serve as a reference for developing wireless connectivity solutions for wildfire control either based on a clean-state technology or for adopting existing technology, e.g., the 5G, for this use case.
Winter-to-Winter Recurrence of Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere

The spatiotemporal characteristics of the winter-to-winter recurrence (WWR) of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) are comprehensively studied through lag correlation analysis. On this basis the relationships between the SSTA WWR and the WWR of the atmospheric circu- lation anomalies, El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and SSTA interdecadal variability are also in- vestigated. Results showthat the SSTA WWR occurs over most parts of the North Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, but the spatiotemporaldistributionsoftheSSTAWWRaredistinctlydifferentinthesetwooceans.Analysesindicate that the spatiotemporal distribution of the SSTA WWR in the North Atlantic Ocean is consistent with the spatial distribution of the seasonal cycle of its mixed layer depth (MLD), whereas that in the North Pacific Ocean, particularly the recurrence timing, cannot be fully explained by the change in the MLD between winterandsummerin someregions.Inaddition,theatmospheric circulationanomaliesalsoexhibittheWWR at the mid-high latitude of the NH, which is mainly located in eastern Asia, the central North Pacific, and the North Atlantic. The sea level pressure anomalies (SLPA) in the central North Pacific are essential for the occurrenceoftheSSTAWWRinthisregion.Moreover,thestrongestpositivecorrelationoccurswhentheSLPA lead SSTA in the central NorthPacific by 1 month,whichsuggeststhat the atmospheric forcingon the ocean may play a dominant role in this region. Therefore, the ''reemergence mechanism'' is not the only process influ- encing the SSTA WWR, and the WWR of the atmospheric circulation anomalies may be one of the causes of the SSTA WWR in the central North Pacific. Finally, the occurrence of the SSTA WWR in the NH is closely related to SSTA interdecadal variability in the NH, but it is linearly independent of ENSO.
Air Resources Board

The Board originally adopted section 1968.1 of Title 13, California Code of Regulations On September 14, 1989. The section contains the malfunction detection and diagnostic system requirements known as OBD II. The Board adopted amendments to the regulation in 1991, 1993, 1994, 1996, and most recently in November 1998. These amendments were adopted to address manufacturers’ concerns, improve the effectiveness of certain requirements and clarify portions of the regulatory language.
Application and Landscape Effects of Eco-Floating Bed in the Guangzhou Asian Games City's River

The eco-floating bed of the landscape ideas and landscape effects were pioneeringly explored the by useing green construction and soilless cultivation technology of aquatic plants,it is summarized that the specific production process of the eco-floating bed and the imperfections in application.The results provided technical basis and successful reference example for the rivers in the future.
Optimizing Pricing and Charging Strategy for Electric Taxis Considering Credit Mechanism

With the promotion of low-carbon travel concepts, research in the field of electric vehicles has been continuously emerging in recent years. However, as an important participant in new energy transportation, electric taxis currently lack targeted research. This article proposes an optimization system which determines the optimal price for each charging stations (CS) and help electric taxi (ET) drivers choose the most beneficial charging stations, thereby maximizing overall utility for both CSs and ETs. The system is combined with a credit mechanism to regulate the behavior of both charging stations and drivers. To address the optimization problem, we propose a bi-level approach using particle swarm optimization (PSO). We also provide a detailed description of the credit system, along with supporting reward and punishment mechanisms. In the experimental section, we conduct a comparative experiment to validate the advantages of the pricing optimization system using PSO. Furthermore, we demonstrate the impact of applying the credit mechanism on both CSs and ETs.
Refi nement of the Arc-Habcap Model to Predict Habitat Effectiveness for Elk

Wildlife habitat modeling is increasingly important for managers who need to assess the effects of land management activities. We evaluated the performance of a spatially explicit deterministic habitat model (Arc-Habcap) that predicts habitat effectiveness for elk. We used five years of radio-telemetry locations of elk from Custer State Park (CSP), South Dakota, to test predicted habitat effectiveness by the model. Arc-Habcap forage and coverforage proximity components predicted elk distribution in CSP. However, the cover component failed to predict elk distribution in CSP. Habitat effectiveness calculated as the geometric mean of the model components failed to predict elk distribution and resulted in under-utilization of habitats predicted to be good and over-utilization of habitats predicted to be poor. We developed a new formula to calculate habitat effectiveness as an arithmetic average of the model components that weighted forage more than cover or cover-forage proximity. The new formula predicted actual elk distribution across categories of habitat effectiveness. Elk selected cover and forage areas ≤100 m from cover-forage edges. Arc-Habcap predicted that areas adjacent to roads were not usable by elk. Elk used areas adjacent to primary roads, but use was less than the proportional area comprised for primary roads, and about equal to proportional area adjacent to secondary roads and primitive roads. All sapling/pole and mature structural stages of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) were considered as both forage and cover by Arc-Habcap and consequently considered optimal in the cover-forage model component. We suggested revisions for both the cover-forage proximity component and areas adjacent to roads.
Real Time Indoor Mapping Using Hexacopter

This project presents a novel approach to mapping an environment in 3D using RTAB-Map algorithm in ROS. The sensor suite employed includes a Kinect Xbox 360 sensor for depth perception and an MPU6050 IMU sensor for tracking the orientation and motion of a hexacopter, which is manually controlled. To enhance the accuracy of odometry data, Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is used to fuse the data from the sensors. The generated 3D map has the potential to be applied in various fields such as architecture, disaster management and more. For instance, it can be used by architects to create accurate 3D models of buildings or urban areas. In the event of natural disasters, the 3D map can provide rescue teams with an accurate overview of the affected areas, allowing for more efficient and targeted rescue efforts. Furthermore, the project can be extended to autonomous navigation, where the hexacopter can navigate within the environment based on the generated 3D map. This capability has significant implications in areas such as search and rescue, surveillance, and transportation. Overall, the project demonstrates the potential of combining advanced algorithms and sensor suites to create accurate 3D maps and improve the accuracy of odometry data. The generated 3D map has practical applications in various fields, and the project lays the foundation for future research and development in the area of autonomous navigation.
Motion Consistency Loss for Monocular Visual Odometry with Attention-Based Deep Learning

Deep learning algorithms have driven expressive progress in many complex tasks. The loss function is a core component of deep learning techniques, guiding the learning process of neural networks. This paper contributes by introducing a consistency loss for visual odometry with deep learning-based approaches. The motion consistency loss explores repeated motions that appear in consecutive overlapped video clips. Experimental results show that our approach increased the performance of a model on the KITTI odometry benchmark.
Assessing Model of Vulnerability for Flood Control System Based on Projection Pursuit

With the view to feature of dependency of flood control risk on different risk subject,the vulnerability of flood control system is proposed to describe extent of damage for disaster bearing body.By selecting influence factors of distress severity with facing flood hazard,an evaluating index system is built.A novel assessing model of vulnerability for flood control system based on projection pursuit is established by evaluating factors hierarchical driving.The application of the proposed model to lower reaches of Beijiang River demonstrates its feasibility and validness.
Drawing Boundaries: Boundary Arrangements of the IPCC Working Groups

The present research investigates how the IPCC’s Working Groups safeguard their scientific character while communicating with policymakers. Due to the different nature of Working Groups’ assessments, all Working Groups make different boundary arrangements of how science is defined; what is considered as relevant knowledge; and what the division of labor is amongst Working Groups. The results show that science is a context-specific activity in a constantly changing landscape, which in turn affects the IPCC’s credibility if they keep advocating that their science is policy-neutral and never policy-prescriptive.
Anthropization
of Goroubi forest reserve (GFR)
in North Benin, West Africa

The Goroubi forest reserve (GFR) is under pressure leading to its extinction. This research aims to contribute to the restoration plans of the said forest in the district of Birni-Lafia in north Benin. In order to achieve this, questionnaire surveys and interviews were conducted with 79 people through random sampling in all of the villages of the district. The importance value index (IVI) of the pressures and the response rate were calculated. Mainly occupied by the rônier (Borassus aethiopum) originally, the GFR is particularly threatened by agriculture (IVI = 1), illegal exploitation (IVI = 0.94), grazing (IVI = 0.64), hunting (IVI = 0.51) and herbal medicine (IVI = 0.36). These pressures cause the disappearance of plant species (100 %), animal species (94 %), land degradation (89 %), etc. Today, the dominant occupation unit is a rice growing area with 327.7598 ha of cultivated territory. Therefore, it seems that the GFR is losing its forest identity. It is necessary to create new participatory management plan for the forest, initiate reforestation activities, set up a fixed co-management committee for the forest and create annual reports on the state of management of its resources in order to limit these pressures.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior

Please read over your article carefully. It has been copyedited to conform to APA style, as described in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.), and for grammar, punctuation usage, and formal consistency. Other changes in wording are intended to more clearly convey your meaning; if meaning has been altered, please suggest an alternative that will restore the correct meaning and clarify the original passage. The references have been checked against citations; simple discrepancies have been resolved, whereas substantive edits have been flagged for your attention.
Zircon Survival, Rebirth and Recycling during Crustal Melting, Magma Crystallization, and Mixing Based on Numerical Modelling

Improved geochronological methods and in situ isotopic (O, Hf) and trace element studies of zircon require a new physical model that explains its behaviour during crustal melting. We present results of numerical modeling of zircon dissolution in melts of variable composition, water content, temperature, and thermal history. The model is implemented in spherical coordinates with two moving boundaries (for the crystal and the surrounding melt cell outer edge) using simplified mineral phase relationships, and accounting for melt proportion histories as a function of melting and crystallization of major minerals. We explore in detail the dissolution of variably sized zircons and zircon growth inside rock cells of different size, held at different temperatures and undersaturations, and provide an equation for zircon survivability. Similar modeling is performed for other accessory minerals: apatite and monazite. We observe the critical role of rock cell size surrounding zircons in their survivability. Diffusive fill away from a dissolving 100lm zircon into a large >3 mm cell takes 10–10 years at 750–950 C, but zircon cores may survive infinitely in smaller than 1 mm cells. Heating followed by cooling for a similar amount of time leads to dissolution followed by nucleation and growth, but new zircon growth remains smaller than the original within the cell. The final zircon size is also investigated as a function of microzircons crystallizing on a front of major minerals, leading to shrinking cell sizes and bulldozing of Zr onto the growing zircon surface. We explore in detail the survivability and regrowth of zircon inside and outside dikes and sills of different sizes and temperatures, and in different rock compositions, on timescales of their conductive cooling and heating, respectively. For zircon-rich rocks, only the largest >200 m igneous bodies are capable of complete dissolution–reprecipitation of typically sized zircons at significant distances from the intrusion. Smaller intrusions result in partial dissolution and rim overgrowth. Zircons captured near the contact of conductively cooling sills undergo more overgrowth than dissolution. In contrast, heat wave propagation from the sill will completely dissolve and reprecipitate zircons in Zr-poorer rocks many diameters of the sill away and often 10–10 years after the sill intrusion. A single thermal spike and melting episode is capable of generating the observed complexity of isotopically diverse and geochronologically zoned zircons. A MATLAB program is presented for users to apply in their specific situations.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition (in press) Are goats chèvres, chévres, chēvres, and chevres? Unveiling the orthographic code of diacritical vowels

Melanie Labusch , Stéphanie Massol , Ana Marcet , Manuel Perea 1,2 1 Departamento de Metodología and ERI-Lectura, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain 2 Centro de Investigación Nebrija en Cognición (CINC), Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, Spain 3 Laboratoire d’Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France 4 Departamento de Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
Correcting Errors in Streamflow Forecast Ensemble Mean and Spread

Abstract When hydrological models are used for probabilistic streamflow forecasting in the Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) framework, the deterministic components of the approach can lead to errors in the estimation of forecast uncertainty, as represented by the spread of the forecast ensemble. One avenue for correcting the resulting forecast reliability errors is to calibrate the streamflow forecast ensemble to match observed error characteristics. This paper outlines and evaluates a method for forecast calibration as applied to seasonal streamflow prediction. The approach uses the correlation of forecast ensemble means with observations to generate a conditional forecast mean and spread that lie between the climatological mean and spread (when the forecast has no skill) and the raw forecast mean with zero spread (when the forecast is perfect). Retrospective forecasts of summer period runoff in the Feather River basin, California, are used to demonstrate that the approach improves upon the performan.