Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developments in the Framing of Climate Change as a Public Health Issue in US Newspapers

News media are major channels for the transmission of information to the public and deliver news about the latest developments regarding health issues such as climate change. How the media frame such information may enhance public understanding and enable appropriate responses by individuals and communities. This study follows up on previous research examining media portrayals of climate change in US newspapers from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2008. Here, we content analyze 270 news stories on climate change as a public health issue from five US newspapers between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2012. Findings indicate that the total number of articles about climate change declined while emphasis on the public health dimension of climate change increased. The types of generic news frames (i.e., dramatic/substantive) most frequently used did not considerably change across the two time periods, however. To explain this, we discuss ways in which people may assess and spark change in news framing of public issues to better reach and influence a range of audiences.
Persistent immune activation in chronic HIV infection: do any interventions work?

The availability of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has led to substantial reduction in morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients; however, life expectancy remains reduced especially in HIV-infected patients who initiate cART with CD4 T-cell counts less than 200 cells/μl [1]. Increased immune activation in patients on long-term suppressive cART [2–4] has been associated with increased mortality [5,6] and both AIDS and non-AIDS-defining illnesses [7–10], suggesting that chronic immune activation may have a potential role in driving increased morbidity and mortality.
Genetic analysis of the tdcABC operon of Escherichia coli K-12

The biodegradative threonine dehydratase (tdc) operon was mapped at 68 min on the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome. The order of markers in the clockwise direction was dnaG uxaA tdc argG. A tdc deletion was isolated and mapped to this region of the chromosome. By using a tdcB-lacZ fusion the clockwise direction of transcription of tdc was determined.
Weil ’ s Conjecture for Function Fields February 12 , 2019 1 First Lecture : The Mass Formula and Weil ’ s Conjecture

Example 1.2 (Quadratic Forms over C). Let R “ C be the field of complex numbers (or, more generally, any algebraically closed field of characteristic different from 2). Then every quadratic space over R is isomorphic to pCn, qq, where q is given by the formula qpx1, . , xnq “ x1 ` ̈ ̈ ̈ ` xr for some 0 ď r ď n. Moreover, the integer r is uniquely determined: it is an isomorphisminvariant called the rank of the quadratic form q.
Towards building a productive, scalable and sustainable collaboration model for open educational resources

This paper reports on a case study of a Health Open Educational Resources (OER) project in order to examine how to facilitate cross-institutional collaboration for OER production. This study assesses collaboration needs, identifies social and technical barriers, and builds a collaboration model to facilitate OER production. In doing so, we make three contributions to the GROUP community: (1) Whereas previous studies on distributed collaboration tend to focus on well-developed collaboration, in this study we research collaboration in Health OER at an early stage of development; (2) By studying collaboration involving both developing and developed countries, we identify components that are particularly critical for collaboration between teams spanning differently resourced nations; (3) By studying the Health OER project, we better understand factors that affect distributed collaboration when participants are not externally funded and are constrained by their local organizations.
The effect of salinity on the growth, water status, and ion content of a leaf succulent perennial halophyte, Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk

Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk plants grown in saline conditions (200 to 400 mol m ! 3 NaCl) had greater fresh and dry weights than those grown in non-saline controls, and 600 to 1000 mol m ! 3 NaCl inhibited growth. Gibberellic acid and kinetin both alleviated some of the inhibitory effects of salinity at 800 mol m ! 3 NaCl on shoot growth of S. fruticosa while root growth was promoted by kinetin. Tissue water content increased in up to 200 mol m ! 3 NaCl but decreased with a further increase in salinity. Water potential and osmotic potential of plants became more negative with an increase in salinity. Leaf Ca 2 ' ,M g 2 ', and K' concentration decreased with increasing salinity, while both Na' and Cl ! increased and reached 1391 and 1673 mmol kg ! 1 dry weight, respectively. Total glycinebetaine content of shoots was highest at 600 to 1000 mol m ! 3 NaCl. ( 2000 Academic Press
Influence Maximization Based on the Least Influential Spreaders

The emergence of social media increases the need for the recognization of social influence mainly motivated by online advertising, political and health campaigns, recommendation systems, epidemiological study, etc. In spreading processes, it is possible to define the most central or influential vertices according to the network topology and dynamic. On the other hand, the least influential spreaders have been disregarded. This paper aims to maximize the mean of information propagation on the network by recognizing the non influential individuals by making them better spreader. Experimental results confirm that selecting 0:5% of least influential spreaders in three social networks (google+, hamsterster and advogato) and rewiring one connection to some important vertex, increase the propagation over the entire network.
A detailed survey and comparative study of sentiment analysis algorithms

Sentiment Analysis is the process of figuring out the emotions from a piece of writing that whether it is positive, negative or neutral and is used to tell the speaker's attitude. The trend, today, is to consider the opinions of a variety of individuals around the globe before purchasing an item using micro-blogging data. Customers tend to go over a lot of reviews about a particular item before buying it. Sentiment Analysis makes this task easy for the customers. Sentiment Analysis aims to achieve its function in the simplest manner with the help of an existing approach and an existing algorithm. This paper focuses on the various Sentiment Analysis algorithms available in the existing literature. Further, this paper presents the comparative study of different Sentiment Analysis algorithms on the basis of accuracy.
Modulation of an Afterhyperpolarization by the Substantia Nigra Induces Pauses in the Tonic Firing of Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons

Striatal cholinergic interneurons, also known as tonically active neurons (TANs), acquire a pause in firing during learning of stimulus-reward associations. This pause response to a sensory stimulus emerges after repeated pairing with a reward. The conditioned pause is dependent on dopamine from the substantia nigra, but its underlying cellular mechanism is unknown. Using in vivo intracellular recording, we found that both subthreshold and suprathreshold depolarizations in cholinergic interneurons induced a prolonged after-hyperpolarization (AHP) associated with a pause in their tonic firing. The AHP duration was dependent on the level of depolarization, whether elicited by intracellular current injection or by activation of excitatory inputs from the cortex. High-frequency stimulation of the substantia nigra induced potentiation of the cortically evoked excitation and increased the prolonged AHP after the stimulus. These findings from anesthetized animals suggest that a substantia nigra-induced AHP produces stimulus-associated firing pauses in cholinergic interneurons. This mechanism may underlie the acquisition of the pause response in TANs recorded from behaving animals during learning.
Resistive index in chronic nephropathies: predictive value of renal outcome.

UNLABELLED The study of renovascular resistances by color Doppler ultrasound has become a useful diagnostic resource for nephrologists. In recent nephrological literature, many papers deal with the correlations between resistive index, anatomo-pathological patterns and renal function. AIMS In our study, we have tried to discover if resistive index represents a prognostic index of progressive renal failure. MATERIAL AND METHODS To this purpose we compared renal resistive index and blood creatinine obtained from 28 nephropathic patients at their first control, with blood creatinine values after a 3-year follow-up period. Using a linear regression test, we found a strong correlation between the initial value of resistive index and the value of creatinine variation (p = 0.006). RESULTS All of the patients with normal resistive index at the beginning maintained a stable renal function. Conversely, the patients with high resistive index at their first control showed a progressive renal failure. CONCLUSION Our study shows the reliability of resistive index in the prognostic evaluation of renal outcome.
Measuring relational maintenance in marriage: Theoretical and methodological issues

This study was concerned with the stability of measures of relational maintenance behaviors in marriage and both theoretical and methodological implications of instability. Effects of differences of populations, types of relationships, methods of response elicitation, and sex on components identified through factor analysis were examined. Comparisons were also made between exploratory factor analysis and principal components analysis. A survey of previous research showed the popularity of a single model of relational maintenance in marriage (Canary & Stafford, 1992; Stafford & Canary, 1991) but a comparative dearth of confirmatory or other forms of factor analysis. Direct factor analytic comparisons of two datasets collected using identical sampling techniques and methods of response elicitation showed theoretically important variation in both factor structure and item composition. Comparisons of female and male responses within each dataset revealed similar variation. Theoretical implications are discussed, and recommendations for scale construction and use in future research are made.
From Responsiveness to Collaboration: Governance, Citizens, and the Next Generation of Public Administration

The evolution of the New Public Management movement has increased pressure on state bureaucracies to become more responsive to citizens as clients. Without a doubt, this is an important advance in contemporary public administration, which finds itself struggling in an ultradynamic marketplace. However, together with such a welcome change in theory building and in practical culture reconstruction, modern societies still confront a growth in citizens’ passivism; they tend to favor the easy chair of the customer over the sweat and turmoil of participatory involvement. This article has two primary goals: First to establish a theoretically and empirically grounded criticism of the current state of new managerialism, which obscures the significance of citizen action and participation through overstressing the (important) idea of responsiveness. Second, the article proposes some guidelines for the future development of the discipline. This progress is toward enhanced collaboration and partnership among governance and public administration agencies, citizens, and other social players such as the media, academia, and the private and third sectors. The article concludes that, despite the fact that citizens are formal “owners” of the state, ownership will remain a symbolic banner for the governance and public administration–citizen relationship in a representative democracy. The alternative interaction of movement between responsiveness and collaboration is more realistic for the years ahead.
Identifying Increased Risk of Readmission and In-hospital Mortality Using Hospital Administrative Data: The AHRQ Elixhauser Comorbidity Index

Objective: We extend the literature on comorbidity measurement by developing 2 indices, based on the Elixhauser Comorbidity measures, designed to predict 2 frequently reported health outcomes: in-hospital mortality and 30-day readmission in administrative data. The Elixhauser measures are commonly used in research as an adjustment factor to control for severity of illness. Data Sources: We used a large analysis file built from all-payer hospital administrative data in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases from 18 states in 2011 and 2012. Methods: The final models were derived with bootstrapped replications of backward stepwise logistic regressions on each outcome. Odds ratios and index weights were generated for each Elixhauser comorbidity to create a single index score per record for mortality and readmissions. Model validation was conducted with c-statistics. Results: Our index scores performed as well as using all 29 Elixhauser comorbidity variables separately. The c-statistic for our index scores without inclusion of other covariates was 0.777 (95% confidence interval, 0.776–0.778) for the mortality index and 0.634 (95% confidence interval, 0.633–0.634) for the readmissions index. The indices were stable across multiple subsamples defined by demographic characteristics or clinical condition. The addition of other commonly used covariates (age, sex, expected payer) improved discrimination modestly. Conclusions: These indices are effective methods to incorporate the influence of comorbid conditions in models designed to assess the risk of in-hospital mortality and readmission using administrative data with limited clinical information, especially when small samples sizes are an issue.
Chemoreception in human behaviour: experimental analysis of the social effects of fragrances

Human responses to odour are acquired in complex settings, by association with emotionally significant effects. Odours thus help to carry the meaning of their sources, evoking recognition and affect. Olfactory discrimination between people involves elicitation of attitude, whether babies' maternal identification or adults' reactions to body odour and perfume. These effects are determined by the odorant's place in a whole stimulus array — which may include other odorants, a specific type of social situation and the perceiver's state of mind. The results of an experiment on the social effect of an odour will therefore depend critically on the test situation, procedure and instructions. We use these principles to resolve apparent conflicts in research findings and to point to implications for the formulation and advertising of personal fragrances.
Calibration of Miniature Inertial and Magnetic Sensor Units for Robust Attitude Estimation

Attitude estimation from miniature inertial and magnetic sensors has been used in a wide variety of applications, ranging from virtual reality, underwater vehicles, handheld navigation devices, to biomotion analysis. However, appropriate sensor calibrations for accurate sensor measurements are essential to the performance of attitude estimation algorithms. In this paper, we present a robust sensor calibration method for accurate attitude estimation from three-axis accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometer measurements. The proposed calibration method only requires a simple pan-tilt unit. A unified sensor model for inertial and magnetic sensors is used to convert the sensor readings to physical quantities in metric units. Based on the sensor model, a cost function is constructed, and a two-step iterative algorithm is then proposed to calibrate the inertial sensors. Due to the difficulties of acquiring the ground-truth of the Earth magnetic field, a simplified pseudomagnetometer calibration method is also presented based on an ellipsoid fitting algorithm. The calibration method is then applied to our sensor nodes, and the good performance of the orientation estimation has illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed sensor calibration method.
Philip Lieberman, Intonation, Perception, and Language . (Research Monograph No. 38.) Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1967. Pp. xiii + 210.

discussion of the theories of H. Paul, and of the 'Neogrammarian heritage' (Saussure, Bloomfieldian descriptive linguistics, the practice of generative grammarians). I believe that the views expressed here on the history of linguistics are correct, and that the survey offered is particularly useful in consideration of the widespread ignorance concerning not only (as it is now common to stress) pre-nineteenth-century linguistics, but also all linguistics before (and sometimes including) Saussure and Bloomfield. The authors' main conclusions are that the structure of language is NOT homogeneous. 'Linguistic structure includes the orderly differentiation of speakers and styles through rules which govern variation in the speech community; native command of the language includes the control of such heterogeneous structures' (187-188). Linguistic and social factors are closely interrelated in causing language change; change is transmitted within the community as a whole (not confined within the family in a parent-tochild model), and concerns the grammar of the speech community: 'Because the variable structures contained in language are determined by social functions, idiolects do not provide the basis for self-contained or internally consistent grammars' (188). This is of course also a criticism of Chomsky's abstraction, his 'ideal speaker-listener, in a completely homogeneous speech-community' (125). These questions obviously go beyond language change. We could say that they concern HISTORICAL linguistics, not in the sense of DIACHRONIC linguistics, but in the sense of linguistic study as belonging to the field of historical studies; they concern the use of scientific method in the study of history, of sociology, of the natural sciences-the relation of individual facts to theoretical models. This question is crucial to the essay, but does not constitute its main object. It is thus not surprising that the discussion is stimulating but far from conclusive.
Cell behavior in simulated microgravity: a comparison of results obtained with RWV and RPM.

It is now clear that some pathological conditions described in astronauts - such as motion sickness, muscular atrophy, bone demineralization, cardiovascular deconditioning — represent the adaptative response to the absence of gravity and are due, at least in part, to the effects exerted by microgravity at the cellular level. Indeed, a number of studies have indicated that gravity affects mammalian cell growth and differentiation through the modulation of gene expression. We have shown that human macrovascular endothelial cells cultured in the NASA-developed bioreactor Rotating Well Vessel (RWV) grow faster than controls because they downregulate interleukin 1 ? , an inhibitor of endothelial growth. In addition, the cells rapidly remodel their cytoskeleton. The same results were obtained when we utilized the ESA-developed bioreactor denominated Random Positioning Machine (RPM) to simulate microgravity. All the effects we observed are promptly reversible upon return to normal culture conditions. We also compared the growth of the human monocytic cell line U937 in the RWV and in the RPM and found a reversible inhibition of cell growth. Under both conditions, U937 cells maintain their capability to differentiate in response to the phorbol ester PMA. We conclude that culture in the RWV and RPM exert similar effects on cell behaviour and represent a good tool to characterize cell behaviour in simulated microgravity.
Acceleration of LTE-OFDM data rate in wireless backhaul link using compressed sampling

A new optical multimedia access transmission using compressive sensing (CS) technique is proposed. The CS can allow us to reduce the channel bandwidth of optical wired and wireless network. A 20-Mbps 64-QAM LTE-OFDM data with compression ratio of 50 % was transmitted through 20-km optical transmission and then was reconstructed successfully. This means that the CS technique can be an effective candidate for solving the explosive data traffic in the optical wired and wireless access network.
Second order averaging for the nonlinear Schroedinger equation with strongly anisotropic potential

We consider the three dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) describing a Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) which is highly confi ned in vertical z direction. The highly confi ned potential induces high oscillations in time. If the confi nement in the z direction is a harmonic trap (which is widely used in physical experiments), the very special structure of the spectrum of the confi nement operator will imply that the oscillations are periodic in time. Based on this observation, it can be proved that the GPE can be averaged out with an error of order of epsilon, which is the typical period of the oscillations. In this article, we construct a more accurate averaged model, which approximates the GPE up to errors of order epsilon squared. Then, expansions of this model over the eigenfunctions (modes) of the vertical Hamiltonian Hz are given in convenience of numerical application. Effi cient numerical methods are constructed for solving the GPE with cylindrical symmetry in 3D and the approximation model with radial symmetry in 2D, and numerical results are presented for various kinds of initial data.
${l_p}$-norms in One-Class Classification for Intrusion Detection in SCADA Systems

The massive use of information and communication technologies in supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems opens new ways for carrying out cyberattacks against critical infrastructures relying on SCADA networks. The various vulnerabilities in these systems and the heterogeneity of cyberattacks make the task extremely difficult for traditional intrusion detection systems (IDS). Modeling cyberattacks has become nearly impossible and their potential consequences may be very severe. The primary objective of this work is to detect malicious intrusions once they have already bypassed traditional IDS and firewalls. This paper investigates the use of machine learning for intrusion detection in SCADA systems using one-class classification algorithms. Two approaches of one-class classification are investigated: 1) the support vector data description (SVDD); and 2) the kernel principle component analysis. The impact of the considered metric is examined in detail with the study of lp-norms in radial basis function (RBF) kernels. A heuristic is proposed to find an optimal choice of the bandwidth parameter in these kernels. Tests are conducted on real data with several types of cyberattacks.
International Experience with Competing Approaches to Environmental Policy: Results from Six Paired Cases

In this paper we report on the results of an international effort to compare the actual outcomes of environmental policies using economic incentive (EI) instruments with those using command and control (CAC). For six environmental problems, we compared the policies used by the federal government in the United States with the policies of one or more country in Western Europe. To the extent possible the problems and the policies were chosen so that a CAC policy on one side of the Atlantic is paired with an EI policy on the other.