Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Migration revisited using the Category Theory: Application to Biological Modelling Languages

Since the early seventies, numerous numerical programs have been developed to simulate biophysical processes. The current challenge facing scientific communities is to access any program using their usual language. Migration is a way of dealing with the challenge. The conventional methodology to build up migration functions is the rule-based method. An alternative consists in using the category theory. This paper illustrates the methodology applied to bidirectional migration of a program written using a language based on the system theory (SIMILE) to a biological modelling language (APES - EU SEAMLESS integrated project) constructed using design patterns. Using the category theory enabled us (i) to provide a mathematical formalism for composition of the program features, i.e. the architecture and semantic function, (ii) to identify aspects which could not be preserved in the migration because of language expressiveness, and (iii) to automate the migration.
Delta Evolution Model Inferred From the Holocene Mekong Delta, Southern Vietnam

A BSTRACT : The Holocene Mekong Delta is a good example of a delta that has evolved from a tide-dominated to a tide–wave mixed-type delta in its shape, sediment facies, and progradation rate during the regression after the maximum flooding during the Holocene. This evolution indicates that tide-dominated deltas developed well in the early phase of the highstand systems tract and that they changed into more wave-dominated deltas in response to subsequent regression. The Mekong Delta, which is located at the southeast tip of the Indochina Peninsula, is one of the largest deltas in Southeast Asia, with a large delta plain ranked third largest in the world. The present Mekong Delta is classified as a tide-dominated delta, but close to a wave- dominated delta, in the triangular deltaic depositional classification system. Two rotary-drilled cores, VL1 and TV1, were obtained from the flood plain and strand plain, respectively, of the delta plain. Detailed core descriptions, high-resolution 14 C dating by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), and topographical analysis of the delta plain indicate that the Mekong Delta evolved from a tide-dominated delta from 6.5 to 2.5 ka to a tide–wave mixed delta from 2.5 ka to the present. The present delta is characterized by beach ridges on the strand plain, dominantly wave-influenced sediments, and a low progradation rate due to longshore sediment dispersal by waves. As the sea level rises, marine flooding causes coastal inundation and the formation of embayments, which amplifies tides and shelters deltas from waves, so that they are more tide dominated. However, as a delta progrades and its shoreline migrates seaward, the resultant smoothed coastline, narrow shelf, and increased wave energy create a more wave-dominated coastal setting. This change will become more pronounced as the delta continues to prograde towards shelf margins.
Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy: An Imaging Mimic of Multiple Sclerosis

Objective and Importance: To describe the imaging findings of two cases of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) mimicking multiple sclerosis. Clinical Presentation and Intervention: Two cases presenting with neurological signs and symptoms were referred for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of the brain. Case 1 was a 36-year-old female patient presenting with recurrent headaches and recent onset numbness in the fingers of the right hand. Neurological examination showed a mild sensory deficit in the right hand. Case 2 was a 31-year-old female patient presenting with attacks of right-sided numbness of the face and body. The neurological examination revealed a sensory loss in the face and brisk deep tendon reflexes. Routine MRI sequences showed two types of lesions in both cases: ‘punctate’ hyperintense lesions on T2-weighted images (T2WI)/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images, hypointense on T1-weighted images (T1WI) and ‘diffuse’ white matter lesions, hyperintense on T2WI/FLAIR sequences and isointense to hypointense on T1WI. All lesions showed no contrast enhancement. Both cases were previously clinically and radiologically diagnosed as multiple sclerosis. There was a strong family history consistent with recurrent infarctions in other family members of both patients. Both cases were later diagnosed as CADASIL by skin biopsy/genetic linkage studies and follow-up. Conclusion:The cases showed that CADASIL causes stroke-like episodes in adults and can mimic multiple sclerosis on imaging. Clinical evaluation and MRI findings allow a differentiation of the two entities.
Parallel detection of conversational groups of free-standing people and tracking of their lower-body orientation

Appropriate robot behavior in public, open spaces cannot occur without the ability to automatically detect conversational groups of free-standing people. To this end, we propose an alternating optimization procedure that estimates lower body orientations and detects groups of interacting people. The first task is achieved by tracking the direction of the lower body of the people in the scene based on their position, their head orientation, the location of objects of interest in their vicinity, and their groups. For the second task, we propose a new group detection algorithm based on F-formation detection. This method can reason about lower body orientation distributions, and generates soft group assignments for the orientation trackers. We evaluate the proposed approach on a publicly available dataset, and show that it can improve state-of-the-art detection of non-interacting people without sacrificing group detection accuracy. This is particularly useful for robots since it provides more opportunities for starting interactions and can help estimate disengagement.
A Multistep Approach to Multicomponent Seismic Image Registration With Application to a West Texas Carbonate Reservoir Study

Application of multicomponent seismic exploration produces multiple images of the same subsurface. For a successful interpretation of multicomponent images, it is crucially important to register them in the same coordinate frame. Accurate registration of time-domain images also provides an effective estimate of the interval VP/VS ratio, a major petrophysical attribute. We propose a multistep approach to image registration, which consists of initial interpretation, amplitude and frequency balancing, registration scan, and least-squares optimization. The approach is applied successfully to a 3C3D seismic dataset from West Texas, where multicomponent image registration provides an insight into a targeted carbonate reservoir facies.
Finding Behavior Patterns from Temporal Data using Hidden Markov Model based Unsupervised Classi cation

This paper describes a clustering methodology for temporal data using hidden Markov model(HMM) representation. The proposed method improves upon existing HMM based clustering methods in two ways: (i) it enables HMMs to dynamically change its model structure to obtain a better t model for data during clustering process, and (ii) it provides objective criterion function to automatically select the optimal clustering partition. The algorithm is presented in terms of four nested levels of searches: (i) the search for the optimal number of clusters in a partition, (ii) the search for the optimal partition structure, (iii) the search for the optimal HMM structure for each cluster, and (iv) the search for the optimal parameter values for each HMM. Preliminary experiments with arti cially generated data demonstrate the e ectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Correction of Sunken Upper Eyelids by Anchoring the Central Fat Pad to the Medial Fat Pad during Upper Blepharoplasty

Background Many methods have been proposed for the correction of sunken upper eyelids. These methods include surgical treatments, such as micro-fat, dermofat, or fascia-fat grafts, or the use of alloplastic materials. Here, we present our experience of sunken upper eyelid correction involving the simple addition of anchoring the central fat pad to the medial fat pad during upper blepharoplasty. Methods We performed 74 cases of upper blepharoplasty with sunken upper eyelid correction between October 2013 and September 2014. The lateral portion of the central fat pad was partially dissected to facilitate anchoring. The medial fat pad was gently exposed and then pulled out to facilitate anchoring. After the rotation of the dissected lateral portion of the central fat pad by 180° to the medial side, it was anchored spreading to the medial fat pad. Photographs taken at 6 months postoperatively were presented to three physicians for objective assessment. Of the 74 patients, 54 patients followed at 6 months postoperatively were included in this retrospective, objective assessment. Results Sunken eyelids were effectively corrected in 51 of the 54 patients, but 3 had minimal effect because preaponeurotic fat pads had been removed during previous upper blepharoplasty. In addition to correcting sunken eyelids, lateral bulging was corrected and a better definition of the lateral portion of upper lid creases was obtained. Conclusions Anchoring the central fat pad to the medial fat pad provides an effective means of correcting sunken upper eyelids during upper blepharoplasty.
Facilitation among plants in alpine environments in the face of climate change

While there is a large consensus that plant–plant interactions are a crucial component of the response of plant communities to the effects of climate change, available data remain scarce, particularly in alpine systems. This represents an important obstacle to making consistent predictions about the future of plant communities. Here, we review current knowledge on the effects of climate change on facilitation among alpine plant communities and propose directions for future research. In established alpine communities, while warming seemingly generates a net facilitation release, earlier snowmelt may increase facilitation. Some nurse plants are able to buffer microenvironmental changes in the long term and may ensure the persistence of other alpine plants through local migration events. For communities migrating to higher elevations, facilitation should play an important role in their reorganization because of the harsher environmental conditions. In particular, the absence of efficient nurse plants might slow down upward migration, possibly generating chains of extinction. Facilitation–climate change relationships are expected to shift along latitudinal gradients because (1) the magnitude of warming is predicted to vary along these gradients, and (2) alpine environments are significantly different at low vs. high latitudes. Data on these expected patterns are preliminary and thus need to be tested with further studies on facilitation among plants in alpine environments that have thus far not been considered. From a methodological standpoint, future studies will benefit from the spatial representation of the microclimatic environment of plants to predict their response to climate change. Moreover, the acquisition of long-term data on the dynamics of plant–plant interactions, either through permanent plots or chronosequences of glacial recession, may represent powerful approaches to clarify the relationship between plant interactions and climate change.
Distinct regulators for Plk1 activation in starfish meiotic and early embryonic cycles

The Polo‐like kinase, Plk, has multiple roles in regulating mitosis. In particular, Plk1 has been postulated to function as a trigger kinase that phosphorylates and activates Cdc25C prior to the activation of cyclin B–Cdc2 and thereby initiates its activation. However, the upstream regulation of Plk1 activation remains unclear. Here we have studied the interplay between Plk1 and Cdc2 through meiotic and early embryonic cycles in starfish. Distinct kinases, cyclin B–Cdc2, MAPK along with cyclin B– and/or cyclin A–Cdc2 and cyclin A–Cdc2, were unique upstream regulators for Plk1 activation at meiosis I, meiosis II and embryonic M‐phase, respectively, indicating that Plk1 is not the trigger kinase at meiotic reinitiation. When Plk1 was required for cyclin B–Cdc2 activation, the action of Plk1 was mediated primarily through suppression of Myt1 rather than through activation of Cdc25. We propose that Plk1 can be activated by either cyclin A– or cyclin B–Cdc2, and its primary target is Myt1.
Communication and Automatic Interpretation of Affect from Facial Expressions

The objective of this chapter is to introduce the reader to the recent advances in computer processing of facial expressions and communicated affect. Human facial expressions have evolved in tandem with human face recognition abilities, and show remarkable consistency across cultures. Consequently, it is rewarding to review the main traits of face recognition in humans, as well as consolidated research on the categorization of facial expressions. The bulk of the chapter focuses on the main trends in computer analysis of facial expressions, sketching out the main algorithms and exposing computational considerations for different settings. We then look at some recent applications and promising new projects to give the reader a realistic view of what to expect from this technology now and in near future.
Spectral efficient cooperative relaying techniques via Physical Network Coding

In order to avoid the loss of spectral efficiency (throughput) caused by half-duplex mode and further improve achievable throughput performance of wireless multi-hop network, a relaying technique that utilizes two sets of relays and physical network coding over bi-directional traffic flows is introduced. We term such technique as Bi-directional Successive Relaying based on Physical Network Coding (PNC-BSR). The whole scheme is based upon two key elements: a) To combat the half-duplex constraint by having two cooperative relays transmitting alternatively at every hop, i.e., the one receiving while the other transmitting and vice versa, and b) to enhance the throughput performance using physical network coding at relay nodes. Numerical results show that at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime, PNC-BSR offers a superior throughput performance.
Macroeconomic Environment and Greenfield Foreign Direct Investment of Hotel Brands

The powerful attraction of foreign direct investment (FDI) is particularly important for further development of tourism. The strategically focused attraction of FDI in tourism has a much higher significance because of the multiple effects in relation to other segments of the economy. In this context, it is necessary to highlight the investment engagement and the presence of globally branded luxury hotels. The purpose of the study is to assess the macroeconomic environment, the effects of greenfield FDI in tourism and, consequently, the presence of global hotel brands using the comparative analysis of the selected countries as the methodological basis of this study. The research results indicate that a favorable macroeconomic environment plays an important role in attracting foreign capital. Countries that have a more favorable macroeconomic environment attract more greenfield FDI, and provide a greater presence of global hotel brands, and thus greater competitiveness. Also, the political stability, the encouraging macroeconomic business conditions, the elimination of administrative and legislative barriers, the elimination of the country's image as a corrupt destination and tourism staff education at all levels are particularly important for FDI in tourism. Keywords: Greenfield foreign direct investment (FDI), macroeconomic environment, tourism, global hotel brands
Long-Range Chromatin Interactions Drive Mutant TERT Promoter Activation.

Cancer-specific TERT promoter mutations (-146C>T and -124C>T) have been linked to reactivation of the epigenetically silenced telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (TERT). Understanding how these single-nucleotide alterations drive TERT reactivation is a fundamental unanswered question and is key for making successful therapeutics. We show that unlike wild-type promoters, recruitment of the transcription factor GABPA specifically to mutant TERT promoters mediates long-range chromatin interaction and enrichment of active histone marks, and hence drives TERT transcription. CRISPR-mediated reversal of mutant TERT promoters, or deletion of its long-range interacting chromatin, abrogates GABPA binding and long-range interactions, leading to depletion of active histone marks, loss of POL2 recruitment, and suppression of TERT transcription. In contrast, de novo introduction of a TERT promoter mutation enables GABPA binding and upregulation of TERT via long-range interactions, acquisition of active histone marks, and subsequent POL2 recruitment. This study provides a unifying mechanistic insight into activation of mutant TERT promoters across various human cancers. SIGNIFICANCE This study identifies a key mechanism by which cancer-specific mutant TERT promoters cause reactivation of TERT Because the mechanism uncovered here is not utilized by promoters that drive TERT in normal cells, this mechanism could be exploited to make inhibitors which have the potential to block telomerase function and hence the progression of up to 90% of human cancers. Cancer Discov; 6(11); 1276-91. ©2016 AACR.See related commentary by Min and Shay, p. 1212This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1197.
Grid diagrams and Heegaard Floer invariants

We give combinatorial descriptions of the Heegaard Floer homology groups for arbi- trary three-manifolds (with coefficients inZ/2Z). The descriptions are based on presenting the three-manifold as an integer surgery on a link in the three-sphere, and then using a grid diagram for the link. We also give combinatorial descriptions of the mod 2 Ozsvath-Szabo mixed invariants of closed four-manifolds, in terms of grid diagrams.
Accessible tourism: concepts and issues.

Chapter 1 - Introduction (Darcy and Buhalis) Chapter 2 - Conceptualising Disability: Medical, Social, WHO ICF, Dimensions and Levels of Support Needs (Darcy and Buhalis) Chapter 3 - Accessibility: A Key Objective for the Tourism Industry (Eichhorn and Buhalis) Chapter 4 - Disability Legislation and Empowerment of Tourists with Disability: The UK Case (Shaw and Veitch) Chapter 5 - Understanding Tourist Experience through Embodiment: The Contribution of Critical Tourism and Disability Studies (Small and Darcy) Chapter 6 - Tourism in the Leisure Lives of People with Disability (Foggin) Chapter 7 - Travelling with and beyond Depression: Women's Narratives of Recovery and Identity (Fullager) Chapter 8 - Encounters of Disabled Customers on the Tourism Stage (Arola - Edited by Cooper, C.) Chapter 9 - Blind People's Tourism Experiences: An Exploratory Study (Poria, Reichel and Brandt) Chapter 10 - Demographic Drivers of Change in Tourism and the Challenge of Inclusive Products (Shaw and Veitch) Chapter 11 - Ageing Travellers: Seeking an Experience and not just a Destination (Patterson and Pegg) Chapter 12 - Ageing Travel Market and Accessibility Requirements (Wang) Chapter 13 - Attitudinal and Experimental Differences of Disabled and Ablebodied Visitors to Heritage Sites (Pearn) Chapter 14 - Economic Contribution of Tourists with Disabilities: An Australian Approach and Methodology (Darcy and Dwyer) Chapter 15 - Developing a Business Case for Accessible Tourism (Darcy, Cameron and Pegg) Chapter 16 - Stakeholder Analysis (Michopoulou and Buhalis) Chapter 17 - Webdesign, Assistive Technologies and Accessible Tourism (Puhretmair and Nussbaum) Chapter 18 - Technology Platforms and Challenges (Michopoulou and Buhalis) Chapter 19 - Conclusion: A Call towards Universal Approaches to Accessible Tourism (Darcy, Ambrose, Schweinsberg and Buhalis)
Upper ocean dynamics and its role in maintaining the annual mean western Pacific warm pool in a global GCM

This study provides a description of the large-scale aspects of upper ocean dynamics and its role in balancing the annual mean surface heat budget in the tropical western Pacific Ocean, using the results from an ocean general circulation model (GCM) combined with existing observations. A comparison with observations shows that the model simulates major aspects of the observed upper-layer thermal structure and circulation, and it has a reasonable representation of net surface heat flux. The heat flux in the model is of the order of 10 W m−2 into the ocean near the Equator and less at high latitudes, which supports the previous inference that fluxes in the region are overestimated in most climatologies. The annual mean surface heat budget of the model averaged over a large region (20°S–20°N and 110°E–160°E) indicates that heat is generally transported downward to the deeper levels by vertical motion and mixing, which agrees with earlier studies. However, close inspection of six subregions within the large region indicates that different mechanisms are balancing the surface heat budget in different subregions. Horizontal advection is important in some subregions. Upper-layer convergence induced by the equatorward western boundary currents in the region of the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) is equivalent to a surface heat flux of 17 W m−2 into the ocean, about 5 W m−2 larger than the net exchange of heat between ocean and atmosphere in the model. This provides a reasonable explanation for why the warmest (>28°C) water of the global oceans exists in the tropical western Pacific and an independent evidence for Wyrtki’s hypothesis of accumulation of heat in the region. The residence time of the warm pool water is about 8 months in the model, shorter by a factor of about two than Wyrtki’s estimate of 1·3 years. ©1997 by the Royal Meteorological Society. Int. J. Climatol. , 17: 711–724 (1997) (No. of Figures: 9. No. of Tables: 1. No. of Refs: 40.)
Trends in the nutrient enrichment of U.S. rivers during the late 20th century and their relation to changes in probable stream trophic conditions

We estimated trends in concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) and the related change in the probabilities of trophic conditions from 1975 to 1994 at 250 nationally representative riverine monitoring locations in the U.S. with drainage areas larger than about 1,000 km2. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) declines were detected in TP and TN concentrations at 44% and 37% of the monitoring sites, and significant increases were detected at 3% and 9% of the sites, respectively. We used a statistical model to assess changes in the probable trophic‐state classification of the sites after adjusting for climate‐related variability in nutrient concentrations. The probabilistic assessment accounts for current knowledge of the trophic response of streams to nutrient enrichment, based on a recently proposed definition of “eutrophic,” “mesotrophic,” and “oligotrophic” conditions in relation to total nutrient concentrations. Based on these trophic definitions, we found that the trophic state improved at 25% of the monitoring sites and worsened at fewer than 5% of the sites; about 70% of the sites were unchanged. Improvements in trophic‐state related to declines in TP were more common in predominantly forested and shrub—grassland watersheds, whereas the trophic state of predominantly agricultural sites was unchanged. Despite the declines in TP concentrations at many sites, about 50% of all monitoring sites, and more than 60% of the sites in predominantly agricultural and urban watersheds, were classified as eutrophic in 1994 based on TP concentrations. Contemporaneous reductions in major nutrient sources to streams, related to wastewater treatment upgrades, phosphate detergent bans, and declines in some agricultural sources, may have contributed to the declines in riverine nutrient concentrations and associated improvements in trophic conditions.