Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity study of multilayer thin-film bulk acoustic resonator for mass sensor application

The sensitivity of multilayer thin-film bulk acoustic resonators (MTFBARs) used as mass sensors is investigated. MTFBAR sensors with the structure of a mass-sensitive layer/electrode layer/piezo layer/electrode layer were used. Two methods, one using electric impedance and the other displacement, were adopted for the determination of sensitivity. Simulation results show that the two methods agree well, and the characteristic acoustic impedance and thickness of the non-piezo layers strongly affect mass sensitivity. It was found that high acoustic impedance in the non-piezo layer is not helpful for sensitivity improvement. Sensitivity is improved by choosing an appropriate thickness for the low acoustic impedance non-piezo layer, and the maximum sensitivity can be obtained by choosing suitable thickness combinations for the layers. Moreover, it was found that MTFBAR quality factor and sensitivity are simultaneously improved by adopting a high-quality-factor non-piezo layer with low acoustic impedance for an.
Some Variational Problems Implemented By The Least Square Method

In this paper, we have constructed some new variational problems whose optimal solutions coincide with the quasi-Newton update matrices. Different measures lead to different formulas. The new updating problems are based on the quasi-Newton condition. These new variational problems may be useful in suggesting new quasi-Newton updates in the future.
A simple pendulum-based measurement of g with a smartphone light sensor

A quick and very accessible method for the measurement of acceleration due to gravity is presented. The experimental set-up employs a smartphone ambient light sensor as the motion timer for measuring the period of a simple pendulum. This allowed us to obtain an experimental value, 9.72 + 0.05 m s−2, for the gravitational acceleration which is in good agreement with the local theoretical value of 9.78 m s−2.
PBGAN: Partial Binarization of Deconvolution Based Generators

The generator is quite different from the discriminator in a generative adversarial network (GAN). Compression techniques for the latter have been studied widely, while those for the former stay untouched so far. This work explores the binarization of the deconvolution based generator in a GAN for memory saving and speedup. We show that some layers of the generator may need to be kept in floating point representation to preserve performance, though conventional convolutional neural networks can be completely binarized. As such, only partial binarization may be possible for the generator. To quickly decide whether a layer can be binarized, supported by theoretical analysis and verified by experiments, a simple metric based on the dimension of deconvolution operations is established. Moreover, our results indicate that both generator and discriminator should be binarized at the same time for balanced competition and better performance. Compared with the floating-point version, experimental results based on CelebA suggest that our partial binarization on the generator of the deep convolutional generative adversarial network can yield up to 25.81$\times$ saving in memory consumption, and 1.96$\times$ and 1.32$\times$ speedup in inference and training respectively with little performance loss measured by sliced Wasserstein distance.
Hopf bifurcation of an age-structured virus infection model

In this paper, we introduce and analyze a mathematical model of a viral infection with explicit age-since infection structure for infected cells. We extend previous age-structured within-host virus models by including logistic growth of target cells and allowing for absorption of multiple virus particles by infected cells. The persistence of the virus is shown to depend on the basic reproduction number \begin{document}$R_{0}$\end{document} . In particular, when \begin{document}$R_{0}≤1$\end{document} , the infection free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, and conversely if \begin{document}$R_{0}> 1$\end{document} , then the infection free equilibrium is unstable, the system is uniformly persistent and there exists a unique positive equilibrium. We show that our system undergoes a Hopf bifurcation through which the infection equilibrium loses the stability and periodic solutions appear.
Heterogeneous massive feature fusion on grassmannian manifold

Two issues remain unsolved on utilizing multimodal features for pattern recognition: the missing features and the curse of dimensionality. In this paper, we address the two issues by fusing the multimodal features on the Grassmann manifold. By defining grouping constrains on multimodal features, each multimodal feature vector is grouped into a set of subspaces, and is further represented as a point on the Grassmann manifold. To deal with missing features, L2-Hausdorff distance, a metric to compare multimodal feature vectors with different number of subspaces, is computed, and a kernel matrix can be obtained accordingly. Based on the kernel matrix, two feature selection criterions, one supervised and one unsupervised, are proposed to obtain a few representative features in the kernel space. Thus, the curse of dimensionality is alleviated. Experimental results on three multimodal dataset show the proposed feature fusion can outperforms the state-of –the-art by higher accuracy.
Preliminary characterisation of the HEXITECMHz spectroscopic X-ray imaging detector

The HEXITECMHz ASIC is the next generation of the STFC's High Energy X-ray Imaging Technology (HEXITEC). With a ×100 increase in the camera frame rate to 1 MHz, the new ASIC is capable of delivering fully spectroscopic X-ray imaging at photon fluxes of 2×106 photons s-1 mm-2. The improved flux capability ensures the relevance of the technology at a new generation of difraction-limited storage ring (DLSR) synchrotrons as well as enabeling dynamic spectroscopic imaging with sub-keV energy resolution to be carried out on millisecond timescales. In this paper preliminary results from X-ray testing of a 0.3 mm thick p-type Si sensor and 2.0 mm thick HF-CdZnTe sensor at the Diamond Light Source Synchrotron are presented for the first time. Each module consists of 80 × 80 pixels on a 250 μm pixel pitch operated at a temperature of 20°C and a frame rate of 1 MHz. For these preliminary measurements, testing was completed using a prototype test system which limited readout to a portion of the 1 MHz output sampled over an SPI test interface at ∼50 Hz. Despite this limitation these measurements allow the spectroscopic performance of the ASIC to be characterised ahead of the full DAQ system. The prototype detectors were characterised using monochromatic X-rays with energies 12–35 keV at fluxes of (0.6 – 2.5) × 106 photons s-1 mm-2. At an X-ray energy of 12 keV, the energy resolution of the p-type Si and HF-CdZnTe detectors were measured to be 1.0 keV and 1.1 keV respectively. At the higher energies of 20 keV and 35 keV the energy resolution in the HF-CdZnTe was measured to be 1.2 keV and 1.4 keV respectively.
Intermittency of laminar separation bubble on a sphere during drag crisis

The phenomenon of drag crisis for uniform flow past a smooth sphere is investigated via experiments in a low-turbulence wind tunnel for $1.5\times 10^{5}\leqslant Re\leqslant 5.0\times 10^{5}$ . The Reynolds number, $Re$ , is based on the free-stream speed and the diameter of the sphere. Based on the activity related to the laminar separation bubble (LSB), the critical regime for the occurrence of drag crisis ( $3.4\times 10^{5}<Re<4.4\times 10^{5}$ ) is further divided into three subregimes. The gradual decrease of mean drag coefficient ( $\overline{C}_{D}$ ) with $Re$ , in subregime I, is due to the increase of base pressure and suction near the shoulder of the sphere. The flow is devoid of an LSB in this regime. The coefficient $\overline{C}_{D}$ decreases very rapidly with increase in $Re$ in subregime II primarily due to the increase in mean base pressure ( $\overline{C}_{P,b}$ ). This subregime is characterized by intermittent switching of $C_{D}$ and $C_{P,b}$ between bistable states. Statistical analysis of the surface-pressure and force coefficients relates this behaviour to the intermittent appearance/disappearance of the LSB. The two states of the flow are referred to as the LSB and non-LSB states. The frequency of appearance of the LSB and the duration of its stay increase with increase in $Re$ . An intermittency factor $I_{f}$ , defined as the fraction of time during which the LSB exists in the flow, is estimated at each $Re$ . The value of $I_{f}$ is zero in subregime I and increases from zero to one, with increase in $Re$ , in subregime II. The variation of $\overline{C}_{D}$ with $Re$ is found to follow the variation of ( $1-I_{f}$ ) with $Re$ . This shows that the decrease of $\overline{C}_{D}$ with increase in $Re$ , during drag crisis, is primarily due to the increased probability of the LSB state as opposed to the non-LSB state. A spatio-temporal analysis of the surface pressure measured at various polar locations on the surface of the sphere confirms the axisymmetric nature of the intermittent LSB. In subregime III of the critical regime, the LSB exists at all time instants ( $I_{f}=1$ ). The $\overline{C}_{D}$ value continues to decrease with $Re$ in this subregime due to increase in $\overline{C}_{P,b}$ . Unlike the general belief that the decrease in $\overline{C}_{D}$ with increase in $Re$ is due only to the increase in $\overline{C}_{P,b}$ , it is found that the increase in suction upstream of the shoulder of the sphere, with increase in $Re$ , also plays an important role. In particular, in the high subcritical regime ( $2.5\times 10^{5}<Re<3.4\times 10^{5}$ ), the gradual decrease in $\overline{C}_{D}$ with increase in $Re$ is due solely to the increase in suction in a region upstream of the shoulder of the sphere.
Epsilon Equitable Partitions based Approach for Role & Positional Analysis of Social Networks

In social network analysis, the fundamental idea behind the notion of position is to discover actors who have similar structural signatures. Positional analysis of social networks involves partitioning the actors into disjoint sets using a notion of equivalence which captures the structure of relationships among actors. Classical approaches to Positional Analysis, such as Regular equivalence and Equitable Partitions, are too strict in grouping actors and often lead to trivial partitioning of actors in real world networks. An -Equitable Partition ( EP) of a graph is a useful relaxation to the notion of structural equivalence which results in meaningful partitioning of actors. All these methods assume a single role per actor, actors in real world tend to perform multiple roles. For example, a Professor can possibly be in a role of “Advisor” to his PhD students, but in a role of “Colleague” to other Professors in his department. In this thesis we propose -equitable partitions based approaches to perform scalable positional analysis and to discover positions performing multiple roles. First, we propose and implement a new scalable distributed algorithm based on MapReduce methodology to find EP of a graph. Empirical studies on random power-law graphs show that our algorithm is highly scalable for sparse graphs, thereby giving us the ability to study positional analysis on very large scale networks. Second, we propose a new notion of equivalence for performing positional analysis of networks using multiple -equitable partitions. These multiple partitions give us a better bound on
Anomaly Detection and Approximate Matching via Entropy Divergences

The Jensen-Shannon divergence (JSD) quantifies the “information distance” between a pair of probability distributions. (A more generalized version, which is beyond the scope of this paper, is given in [1]. It extends this divergence to arbitrarily many such distributions. Related divergences are presented in [2], which is an excellent summary of existing work.) A couple of novel applications for this divergence are presented herein, both of which involving sets of whole numbers constrained by some nonzero maximum value. (We’re primarily concerned with discrete applications of the JSD, although it’s defined for analog variables.) The first of these, which we can call the “Jensen-Shannon divergence transform” (JSDT), involves a sliding “sweep window” whose JSD with respect to some fixed “needle” is evaluated at each step as said window moves from left to right across a superset called a “haystack”. The second such application, which we can call the “Jensen-Shannon exodivergence transform” (JSET), measures the JSD between a sweep window and an “exosweep”, that is, the haystack minus said window, at all possible locations of the latter. The JSET turns out to be exceptionally good at detecting anomalous contiguous subsets of a larger set of whole numbers. We then investigate and attempt to improve upon the shortcomings of the JSD and the related Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD).
Differentiation of neurosphere after transplantation into the damaged spinal cord

This study aimed to compare the differentiation and survival of human neural stem/progenitor cells of various origins in vitro and after transplantation into the injured spinal cord of laboratory animals. Rats with simulated spinal cord injury were transplanted with neurosphere cells obtained by directed differentiation of HUES6 cell lines. Fluorescence microscopy was used to visualize the obtained results. HUES6#1 and iPSC#1 neurospheres showed a wide range of markers associated with glial differentiation. The expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 did not exceed 25%, both in the lines of early and late neurospheres. Although neurospheres did not fully differentiate into astrocytes in vitro, they massively approached the GFAP+ astrocyte phenotype when exposed to the transplanted environment. PSC-derived neurospheres transplanted into the site of SM injury without additional growth factors showed only moderate survival, a significant degree of differentiation into astrocytes, and moderate differentiation into neurons. The difference in the survival and differentiation of HUES6#1 and iPSC#1 neurospheres, both in vitro and in vivo, can be explained by the difference in the regulatory behavior of signaling molecules corresponding to the source of origin of PSCs. Derivatives of human PSCs of various origins obtained according to the described differentiation protocol did not mature into astrocytic populations, nor did the glycogenic transition of PSC-derived NSCs occur in vitro. The study demonstrated the impact of the injured spinal cord microenvironment on the differentiation of transplanted HUES6#1 and iPSC#1 into astrocytes. The results showed that HUES6-derived neurospheres generated 90% of GFAP+ astrocytes and 5-10% of early neurons, while iPSC-derived neurospheres generated an average of 74% GFAP+ astrocytes and 5% of early neurons in vivo.
Skin models of cutaneous toxicity, transdermal transport and wound repair

Abstract Skin is widely used as a drug delivery route due to its easy access and the possibility of using relatively painless methods for the administration of bioactive molecules. However, the barrier properties of the skin, along with its multilayer structure, impose severe restrictions on drug transport and bioavailability. Thus, bioengineered models aimed at emulating the skin have been developed not only for optimizing the transdermal transport of different drugs and testing the safety and toxicity of substances but also for understanding the biological processes behind skin wounds. Even though in vivo research is often preferred to study biological processes involving the skin, in vitro and ex vivo strategies have been gaining increasing relevance in recent years. Indeed, there is a noticeably increasing adoption of in vitro and ex vivo methods by internationally accepted guidelines. Furthermore, microfluidic organ-on-a-chip devices are nowadays emerging as valuable tools for functional and behavioural skin emulation. Challenges in miniaturization, automation and reliability still need to be addressed in order to create skin models that can predict skin behaviour in a robust, high-throughput manner, while being compliant with regulatory issues, standards and guidelines. In this review, skin models for transdermal transport, wound repair and cutaneous toxicity will be discussed with a focus on high-throughput strategies. Novel microfluidic strategies driven by advancements in microfabrication technologies will also be revised as a way to improve the efficiency of existing models, both in terms of complexity and throughput.
A Hope-Based Group Therapy Program to Women with Multiple Sclerosis: Quality of Life

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a Hope-Based Group Therapy (HBGT) program on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) women's quality of life. Thirty two women with MS were assigned either a HBGT group (n = 18) or a non-HBGT group (n = 14). We used the variables physical health and mental health for indicator of perceived health and the variable hope thoughts for hope-related outcome. The HBGT program resulted in significant improvements in the quality of life of women with MS. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that HBGT can be used as an effective program for improving hope thoughts, mental health and physical health in women with MS, and could thus influence their quality of life.
Dietary diversity practice and associated factors among adolescents in Ethiopia, systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Adolescence (10–19 years) is a critical life period for growth and health. An increase in dietary diversity in the food is related to improved nutrient adequacy of the diet. However, studies conducted on dietary diversity practice among adolescents showed non-conclusive and inconsistent findings on the magnitude of the problem. Likewise, there was no meta-analysis conducted in the study area. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of good dietary diversity practice and its associated factors among adolescents in Ethiopia. Methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline was followed. All articles were systematically searched by Google Scholar, PubMed, Hinari, Cochrane Library, Global Health and CINAHL. Meta-analysis was conducted by using STATA 14 software. Forest plots were used to present the pooled prevalence of good dietary diversity practices. A random effect model was used to compute the pooled prevalence; while subgroup analysis was performed to identify the possible source of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed by the begg’s and egger’s test. Moreover, the associated factor of dietary diversity practices was observed. Results This review involved 7 studies, and 3,950 participants. The pooled prevalence of good dietary diversity practice among adolescents in Ethiopia was 39.24% (95% CI: 30.82, 47.66). Mothers with formal education [AOR = 1.98, (95% CI: 1.65, 2.36)], fathers with formal education [AOR = 2.30, (95% CI: 1.81, 2.93)], Medium wealth index [AOR = 2.75, (95% CI: 1.96, 3.86)] and urban residence [AOR = 2.88, (95% CI: 1.59, 5.22)] were positively associated with good dietary diversity practice. Conclusions The pooled prevalence of good dietary diversity practices among adolescents is low. Being urban residents, the medium wealth quintile, mothers’ educational status and fathers’ educational status were independent factors of good dietary diversity practice among adolescents. Therefore, focused nutritional interventions should be given to rural residents and adolescents from low economic status.
Physical well-being recovery trajectories by reconstruction modality in women undergoing mastectomy and breast reconstruction: Significant predictors and health-related quality of life outcomes

Objectives We sought to identify trajectories of patient-reported outcomes, specifically physical well-being of the chest (PWBC), in patients who underwent postmastectomy breast reconstruction, and further assessed its significant predictors, and its relationship with health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Methods We used data collected as part of the Mastectomy Reconstruction Outcomes Consortium study within a 2-year follow-up in 2012–2017, with 1422, 1218,1199, and 1417 repeated measures at assessment timepoints of 0,3,12, and 24 months, respectively. We performed latent class growth analysis (LCGA) in the implant group (IMPG) and autologous group (AUTOG) to identify longitudinal change trajectories, and then assessed its significant predictors, and its relationship with HRQOL by conducting multinomial logistic regression. Results Of the included 1424 patients, 843 were in IMPG, and 581 were in AUTOG. Both groups experienced reduced PWBC at follow-up. LCGA identified four distinct PWBC trajectories (χ2 = 1019.91, p<0.001): low vs medium high vs medium low vs high baseline PWBC that was restored vs. not-restored after 2 years. In 76.63%(n = 646) of patients in IMPG and 62.99% (n = 366) in AUTOG, PWBC was restored after two years. Patients in IMPG exhibited worse PWBC at 3 months post-surgery than that in AUTOG. Patients with low baseline PWBC that did not improve at 2-year follow up (n = 28, 4.82% for AUTOG) were characterized by radiation following reconstruction and non-white ethnicity. In IMPG, patients with medium low-restored trajectory were more likely to experience improved breast satisfaction, while patients developing high-restored trajectories were less likely to have worsened psychosocial well-being. Conclusion Although more women in IMPG experienced restored PWBC after 2 years, those in AUTOG exhibited a more favorable postoperative trajectory of change in PWBC. This finding can inform clinical treatment decisions, help manage patient expectations for recovery, and develop rehabilitation interventions contributing to enhancing the postoperative quality of life for breast cancer patients.
From content to context: A qualitative case study of factors influencing audience perception of the trustworthiness of COVID-19 data visualisations in UK newspaper coverage

Drawing from 18 audience interviews, this article examines audience perception of the trustworthiness of COVID-19 data visualisations in UK newspaper coverage. The findings suggest that overall, the participants viewed the selected COVID-19 data visualisations as largely trustworthy. Their perception was unaffected by the types of data visualisations. The trustworthiness of data visualisations had no clear connection with their likability and learnability. Instead, the participants’ trust was influenced by the perceived problematic presentation of data visualisations, such as the inappropriate use of bars to represent data or the failure to present data in context. It was also affected by the participants’ understanding of the problems about data (production and presentation), their assessment of the credibility of data sources and news outlets, and their personal lived experiences and information gained from other sources. All of these were related to the social context surrounding data and data visualisations, rather than merely the content of data visualisations. The findings reveal that the social construction nature of data and data visualisations creates a space for the participants to question data visualisations’ trustworthiness. The close connection between trust in data visualisations and trust in data, a socially constructed product, suggests that the trustworthiness of data visualisations transcends the control of journalists and news media, extending to the context of data and its visualisations. This qualitative research reveals the importance of context to audience trust in data visualisations in the UK.