Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The consequences of tetraploidy and aneuploidy

Polyploidy, an increased number of chromosome sets, is a surprisingly common phenomenon in nature, particularly in plants and fungi. In humans, polyploidy often occurs in specific tissues as part of terminal differentiation. Changes in ploidy can also result from pathophysiological events that are caused by viral-induced cell fusion or erroneous cell division. Tetraploidization can initiate chromosomal instability (CIN), probably owing to supernumerary centrosomes and the doubled chromosome mass. CIN, in turn, might persist or soon give way to a stably propagating but aneuploid karyotype. Both CIN and stable aneuploidy are commonly observed in cancers. Recently, it has been proposed that an increased number of chromosome sets can promote cell transformation and give rise to an aneuploid tumor. Here, we review how tetraploidy can occur and describe the cellular responses to increased ploidy. Furthermore, we discuss how the specific physiological changes that are triggered by polyploidization might be used as novel targets for cancer therapy.
Sleeping Beauty and the Beast (of pervasive transcription)

In a 2003 movie, Good Bye Lenin, the protagonist's mother, living in East Berlin in 1989, enters a coma just before the fall of the Berlin wall and the reunification of Germany. When she wakes up, her son makes all possible efforts to conceal the changes, as the shock would jeopardize the mother's fragile health. To this end, he builds up an old East Germany world around her—up to the restoration of a lost East Germany pickles brand using jars recovered from garbage.
Okapi+QuEst: Translation Quality Estimation within Okapi

Due to the ever growing applicability of machine translation, estimating the quality of translations automatically has become a necessary task in various scenarios, for example, when deciding whether a machine translation is good enough for human post-editing. This demonstration presents the outcome of a collaborative project between the University of Sheffield and ENLASO, funded by EAMT, the European Association for Machine Translation. The project aimed to integrate a lightweight and user-friendly version of QuEst (http://www.quest.dcs.shef.ac.uk/) – a quality estimation toolkit, into Okapi (http://www.opentag.com/okapi/) – a framework with various components and applications designed to help create and improve translation and localisation processes. As result, Okapi users are now offered a software plugin to build and apply quality estimation models for translations produced within the framework. In addition to the standard functionalities of QuEst, the project involved the creation of new methods to facilitate the generation of the linguistic resources necessary for building quality estimation models.
Modeling the effect of technology trends on the soft error rate of combinational logic

This paper examines the effect of technology scaling and microarchitectural trends on the rate of soft errors in CMOS memory and logic circuits. We describe and validate an end-to-end model that enables us to compute the soft error rates (SER) for existing and future microprocessor-style designs. The model captures the effects of two important masking phenomena, electrical masking and latching-window masking, which inhibit soft errors in combinational logic. We quantify the SER due to high-energy neutrons in SRAM cells, latches, and logic circuits for feature sizes from 600 nm to 50 nm and clock periods from 16 to 6 fan-out-of-4 inverter delays. Our model predicts that the SER per chip of logic circuits will increase nine orders of magnitude from 1992 to 2011 and at that point will be comparable to the SER per chip of unprotected memory elements. Our result emphasizes that computer system designers must address the risks of soft errors in logic circuits for future designs.
Decreased Endomorphin-2 and μ-Opioid Receptor in the Spinal Cord Are Associated with Painful Diabetic Neuropathy

Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is one of the most common complications in the early stage of diabetes mellitus (DM). Endomorphin-2 (EM2) selectively activates the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and subsequently induces antinociceptive effects in the spinal dorsal horn. However, the effects of EM2-MOR in PDN have not yet been clarified in the spinal dorsal horn. Therefore, we aimed to explore the role of EM2-MOR in the pathogenesis of PDN. The main findings were the following: (1) streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats exhibited hyperglycemia, body weight loss and mechanical allodynia; (2) in the spinal dorsal horn, the expression levels of EM2 and MOR decreased in diabetic rats; (3) EM2 protein concentrations decreased in the brain, lumbar spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in diabetic rats but were unchanged in the plasma; (4) the frequency but not the amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) was significantly higher in diabetic rats than in control rats; and (5) intrathecal injection of EM2 for 14 days in the early stage of PDN partially alleviated mechanical allodynia and reduced MOR expression in diabetic rats. Our results demonstrate that the EM2-MOR signal may be involved in the early stage of PDN.
Leading or Misleading? Distributed Leadership and School Improvement.

A distributed perspective offers a new and important theoretical lens through which leadership practice in schools can be reconfigured and re-conceptualized. However, contemporary discourse about distributed leadership theory remains a way of analysing rather than describing leadership practice. While the research suggests that distributed forms of leadership can assist capacity-building within schools, further work is needed to investigate the nature of the relationship between distributed leadership and improved school/student outcomes.
Nanomechanical characterization by double-pass force–distance mapping

We demonstrate high speed force–distance mapping using a double-pass scheme. The topography is measured in tapping mode in the first pass and this information is used in the second pass to move the tip over the sample. In the second pass, the cantilever dither signal is turned off and the sample is vibrated. Rapid (few kHz frequency) force–distance curves can be recorded with small peak interaction force, and can be processed into an image. Such a double-pass measurement eliminates the need for feedback during force–distance measurements. The method is demonstrated on self-assembled peptidic nanofibers.
On the maximum satisfiability of random formulas

Maximum satisfiability is a canonical NP-complete problem that appears empirically hard for random instances. At the same time, it is rapidly becoming a canonical problem for statistical physics. In both of these realms, evaluating new ideas relies crucially on knowing the maximum number of clauses one can typically satisfy in a random k-CNF formula. In this paper we give asymptotically tight estimates for this quantity. Our result gives very tight bounds for the fraction of satisfiable clauses in a random k-CNF. In particular, for k > 2 it improves upon all previously known such bound.
EEG-based emotion recognition using empirical wavelet transform

Emotion recognition has a prominent status in the applications of brain-machine interface. An approach on recognizing Electroencephalography (EEG) emotion using empirical wavelet transform (EWT) and autoregressive (AR) model is given in this paper. The proposed method chooses two channels in a certain time segment to perform feature extraction. The EWT is first used to decompose EEG-based emotion data into several empirical modes, and then AR coefficients are calculated based on the selected empirical modes. Furthermore, these features constitute a feature vector and are then input into a classifier to perform emotion recognition. This paper implemented multiple experiments to verify the performance of our proposed approach on DEAP dataset. The best recognition rate of our approach achieves 67.3% for arousal dimension and 64.3% for valence dimension. The obtained results show that our proposed approach is superior to some exist methods.
Key-point matching with post-filter using SIFT and BRIEF in logo spotting

In this paper, a method to spot and recognize logos based on key-point matching is proposed. It is applied and tested on a document retrieval system. First, the pairs of matched key-points are estimated by the nearest neighbor matching rule based on the two nearest neighbors in SIFT descriptor space with Euclidean distance. Second, a post-filter with BRIEF descriptor space and hamming distance is used to re-filter the key-points which are rejected by the first step. Tested on a well-known benchmark database of real world documents containing logos Tobacco-800, our method performs an increase in the number of matched key-points of the method combined with BRIEF post-filter at the same accuracy level, and achieves a better performance than the state-of-the-art methods in the field of document retrieval.
A logical characterisation of ordered disjunction

In this paper we consider a logical treatment for the ordered disjunction operator × introduced by Brewka, Niemela and Syrjanen in their Logic Programs with Ordered Disjunctions (LPOD). LPODs are used to represent preferences in logic programming under the answer set semantics. Their semantics is defined by first translating the LPOD into a set of normal programs (called split programs) and then imposing a preference relation among the answer sets of these split programs. We concentrate on the first step and show how a suitable translation of the ordered disjunction as a derived operator into the logic of Here-and-There allows capturing the answer sets of the split programs in a direct way. We use this characterisation not only for providing an alternative implementation for LPODs, but also for checking several properties (under strongly equivalent transformations) of the × operator, like for instance, its distributivity with respect to conjunction or regular disjunction. We also make a comparison to an extension proposed by Karger, Lopes, Olmedilla and Polleres, that combines × with regular disjunction.
Indication of family-specific DNA methylation patterns in developing oysters

Background DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that is ubiquitous across many eukaryotes, with variable patterns and functions across taxa. The roles of DNA methylation during invertebrate development remain enigmatic, especially regarding the inheritance and ontogenetic dynamics of methylation. In order to better understand to what degree DNA methylation patterns are heritable, variable between individuals, and changing during Crassostrea gigas development, we characterized the genome-wide methylome of Crassostrea gigas sperm and larvae from two full-sib families nested within a maternal half-sib family across developmental stages. Results Bisulfite treated DNA sequencing of Crassostrea gigas sperm and larvae at 72 hours post fertilization and 120 hours post fertilization revealed DNA methylation ranges from 15-18%. Our data suggest that DNA methylation patterns are inherited, as methylation patterns were more similar between the two sires and their offspring compared to methylations pattern differences among developmental stages. Loci differing between the two paternal full-sib families (189) were found throughout the genome but were concentrated in transposable elements. The proportion of differentially methylated loci among developmental stages was not significantly greater in any genomic region. Conclusions This study provides the first single-base pair resolution DNA methylomes for both oyster sperm and larval samples from multiple crosses. Assuming DNA methylation is introduced randomly, the predominance of differentially methylated loci between families within transposable elements could be associated with selection against altering methylation in gene bodies. For instance, differentially methylated loci in gene bodies could be lethal or deleterious, as they would alter gene expression. Another possibility is that differentially methylated loci may provide advantageous phenotypic variation by increasing transposable element mobility. Future research should focus on the relationship between epigenetic and genetic variation, and explore the possible relationship of DNA methylation and transposable element activity.
Draft Genome Sequence of Nocardia jinanensis, an Opportunistic Bacterial Pathogen That Causes Cellulitis

ABSTRACT The draft genome sequence of Nocardia jinanensis, an opportunistic pathogen that can cause skin infections, reveals genes that may contribute to the lifestyle and pathogenicity of N. jinanensis. The genome also reveals the biosynthetic capacity of N. jinanensis in producing mycolic acids, siderophores, and other polyketide and nonribosomal peptide-derived secondary metabolites.
Tool Support for Managing Clone Refactorings to Facilitate Code Review in Evolving Software

Developers often perform copy-and-paste activities. This practice causes the similar code fragment (aka code clones) to be scattered throughout a code base. Refactoring for clone removal is beneficial, preventing clones from having negative effects on software quality, such as hidden bug propagation and unintentional inconsistent changes. However, recent research has provided evidence that factoring out clones is not always to reduce the risk of introducing defects, and it is often difficult or impossible to remove clones using standard refactoring techniques. To investigate which or how clones can be refactored, developers typically spend a significant amount of their time managing individual clone instances or clone groups scattered across a large code base. To address the problem, this paper presents a technique for managing clone refactorings, Pattern-based clone Refactoring Inspection (PRI), using refactoring pattern templates. By matching the refactoring pattern templates against a code base, it summarizes refactoring changes of clones, and detects the clone instances not consistently factored out as potential anomalies. PRI also provides novel visualization user interfaces specifically designed for inspecting clone refactorings. In the evaluation, PRI analyzes clone instances in six open source projects. It identifies clone refactorings with 94.1% accuracy and detects inconsistent refactorings with 98.4% accuracy. Our results show that PRI should help developers effectively inspect evolving clones and correctly apply refactorings to clone groups.
Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Cc by a Survey on Buffered Clock Tree Synthesis for Skew Optimization

Buffered clock tree synthesis has become increasingly critical in an attempt to generate a high performance synchronous chip design. Skew optimization includes the satisfaction of slew constraints and signal polarity. Clock tree approach features the clock tree construction stage with the obstacle aware topology generation algorithm, balanced insertion of candidate buffer positions and a fast heuristic buffer insertion algorithm. With an overall view on obstacles to explore the global optimization space, CTS approach effectively overcomes the negative influence on skew which is brought by the obstacles. A look up table was built through NGSPICE simulation to achieve accurate buffer delay and slew which guarantees overall skew optimization. The accuracy of look up table is demonstrated through huge skew reduction. Additionally, wire length of clock routing trees should be minimized in order to reduce system power requirements and deformation of the clock pulses at the synchronizing elements of the system.
A time-slot leasing-based QoS routing protocol over Bluetooth WPANs

In this paper, we investigate a new efficient QoS routing protocol based on the time-slot leasing mechanism over Bluetooth WPANs. The "transmission holding" problem is incurred because the master node is the communication bottleneck for each slave-master-slave communication in Bluetooth. To alleviate this problem, a time-slot leasing scheme is adaptively incorporated into our scheme to provide a completely new QoS routing protocol. This QoS routing protocol can additionally offer extra slave-to-slave QoS communication capability to effectively reduce the workload of the master node. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that this protocol can significantly improve the success ratio, delay time, throughput, and bandwidth utilisation.
Adhesion and removal kinetics of Bacillus cereus biofilms on Ni-PTFE modified stainless steel

Abstract Biofilm control remains a challenge to food safety. A well-studied non-fouling coating involves codeposition of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) during electroless plating. This coating has been reported to reduce foulant build-up during pasteurization, but opportunities remain in demonstrating its efficacy in inhibiting biofilm formation. Herein, the initial adhesion, biofilm formation, and removal kinetics of Bacillus cereus on Ni-PTFE-modified stainless steel (SS) are characterized. Coatings lowered the surface energy of SS and reduced biofilm formation by > 2 log CFU cm−2. Characterization of the kinetics of biofilm removal during cleaning demonstrated improved cleanability on the Ni-PTFE coated steel. There was no evidence of biofilm after cleaning by either solution on the Ni-PTFE coated steel, whereas more than 3 log and 1 log CFU cm−2 of bacteria remained on the native steel after cleaning with water and an alkaline cleaner, respectively. This work demonstrates the potential application of Ni-PTFE non-fouling coatings on SS to improve food safety by reducing biofilm formation and improving the cleaning efficiency of food processing equipment.
Is online learning right for you

 Reliable computer and stable Internet connection  Basic Internet and computer skills  Self-motivated and able to work independently  Self-discipline to complete assignments (i.e., rarely procrastinate)  Effective time management o Able to devote sufficient number of hours each week (see below) o Patience to wait for a response/feedback  Reading and writing skills are essential o Able to follow and comprehend course material through reading o Able to communicate through writing  May be required to come to campus for assessment
Evolving the barriers for enhancing the utilisation level of advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs) in Indian manufacturing industry

In today's highly dynamic and rapidly changing environment, manufacturing scenario has undergone a rapid change in the last two decades. The advent of new materials, products and the changing needs of the customers have brought a lot of pressure on the organisations in developing countries especially in India to perform better in the coming days. This is because companies have improved their technological status by implementing advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs) either through joint ventures or licensing agreements. However, this has put a lot of difficulties at all levels to improve the utilisation level of advanced manufacturing technologies of the organisations. The present work has been taken up to look into the barriers that affect the performance of advanced manufacturing technologies in Indian manufacturing organisations. To improve the utilisation level of AMTs, certain initiatives have been undertaken for enhancing the manufacturing performance of organisations in pursuit of agility-based competitiveness.
In vitro transformation of hamster cells by infectious canine hepatitis virus.

A number of adenoviruses have been proven oncogenic for newbern hamsters, Based upon their oncogenic properties, the human adenoviruses have been divided roughly into 3 subgroups : the highly oncogenic adenoviruses, the weakly oncogenic and the non-oncogenic. But recently, FREEMAN et al. (1967)2), NooRDAA (1968), and McALLIsTER et al. <1969) demonstrated the capacity of human adenovirus types 1, 2 and 5, hitherto not known to be oncogenic types, to cause transformation in tissue cultures. In a previous report5), the authors demonstrated the oncogenic potential for newborn hamsters of infectious canine hepatitis virus (ICHV) (canine adenovirus). But the frequency of tumor production was low. To make more clear the oncogenic properties of ICHV, an attempt was made by the authors to investigate in vitro transformation of hamster cells by ICHV. This paper describes the results,
The DCU-ICTCAS MT system at WMT 2014 on German-English Translation Task

This paper describes the DCU submission to WMT 2014 on German-English translation task. Our system uses phrasebased translation model with several popular techniques, including Lexicalized Reordering Model, Operation Sequence Model and Language Model interpolation. Our final submission is the result of system combination on several systems which have different pre-processing and alignments.
Diversifying contextual suggestions from location-based social networks

In this paper, we study the emerging Information Retrieval (IR) task of contextual suggestion in location-based social networks. The aim of this task is to make personalised recommendations of venues for entertainments or activities whilst visiting a city, by appropriately representing the context of the user, such as their location and personal interests. Instead of only representing the specific low-level interests of a user, our approach is driven by estimates of the high-level categories of venues that the user may be interested in. Moreover, we argue that an effective model for contextual suggestion should not only promote the categories that the user is interested in, but it should also be capable of eliminating redundancy by diversifying the recommended venues in the sense that they should cover various categories of interest to the given user. Therefore, we adapt web search result diversification approaches to the task of contextual suggestion. For categorising the venues, we use the category classifications employed by location-based social networks such as FourSquare, urban guides such as Yelp, and a large collection of web pages, the ClueWeb12 corpus, to build a textual classifier that is capable of predicting the category distribution for a certain venue given its web page. We thoroughly evaluate our approach using the TREC 2013 Contextual Suggestion track. We conduct a number of experiments where we consider venues from the closed environments of both FourSquare and Yelp, and the general web using the ClueWeb12 corpus. Our empirical results suggest that category diversification consistently improves the effectiveness of the recommendation model over a reasonable baseline that only considers the similarity between the user's profile and venue. The results also give insights on the effectiveness of our approach with different types of users.
Potential of agricultural fungicides for antifungal drug discovery

While it is true that only a small fraction of fungal species are responsible for human mycoses, the increasing prevalence of fungal diseases has highlighted an urgent need to develop new antifungal drugs, especially for systemic administration. This contribution focuses on the similarities between agricultural fungicides and drugs. Inorganic, organometallic and organic compounds can be found amongst agricultural fungicides. Furthermore, fungicides are designed and developed in a similar fashion to drugs based on similar rules and guidelines, with fungicides also having to meet similar criteria of lead-likeness and/or drug-likeness. Modern approved specific-target fungicides are well-characterized entities with a proposed structure–activity relationships hypothesis and a defined mode of action. Extensive toxicological evaluation, including mammalian toxicology assays, is performed during the whole discovery and development process. Thus modern agrochemical research (design of modern agrochemicals) comes close to drug design, discovery and development. Therefore, modern specific-target fungicides represent excellent lead-like structures/models for novel drug design and development.