Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavioral impulsivity paradigms: a comparison in hospitalized adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders.

BACKGROUND Behavioral impulsivity paradigms vary widely and studies using these measures have typically relied on a single measure used in isolation. As a result, comparisons between measures are difficult, with little consensus regarding which method may be most sensitive to individual impulsivity differences of different populations. METHOD A single testing session of each of four different impulsivity tasks was completed by two groups of adolescents aged 13-17: hospitalized inpatients with disruptive behavior disorders (DBD; n = 22) and controls (n = 22). Tasks included two rapid-decision (IMT/DMT and GoStop) and two reward-directed (TC and SKIP) impulsivity paradigms. Behavioral testing took place within 3 days of hospitalization for the adolescents with DBD. RESULTS Compared to controls, the DBD group exhibited higher commission error rates, lower inhibited response rates after a stop-signal, and twice as many reward-directed responses even after IQ differences between the groups were taken into account. When the four paradigms were compared, effect-size calculations indicated that the two rapid-decision paradigms were more sensitive to group differences than the reward-directed tasks. CONCLUSIONS Despite the initiation of pharmacotherapy within the first 3 days of hospitalization, in contrast to the control group, the adolescents with DBD performed consistently with what has been operationally defined as impulsivity. Based on these results, these tasks appear to measure similar, but unique components of the impulsivity construct. With further study, laboratory behavioral paradigms may prove to be useful additions to current clinical diagnostic and treatment procedures in a variety of psychiatric populations.
A Comparison and Suggestion about University Presidents' Characteristics between China and America

A University president,as the virtual head of a university,has a great influence on the university development.To compare the characteristics of Chinese university presidents with those of well developed countries in high education can offer suggestion about screening president candidates through This paper analyzes the differences on the demographic variable,education background,and academic background,career experience of university presidents between China and America.Based on the findings,some suggestions about selecting our university presidents are put forward.
The Proline-rich Homeodomain Protein Recruits Members of the Groucho/Transducin-like Enhancer of Split Protein Family to Co-repress Transcription in Hematopoietic Cells*

The proline-rich homeodomain protein (PRH/Hex) is important in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation and in the regulation of multiple processes in embryonic development. We have shown previously that PRH contains two domains that can independently bring about transcriptional repression. The PRH homeodomain represses transcription by binding to TATA box sequences, whereas the proline-rich N-terminal domain of PRH can repress transcription when attached to a heterologous DNA-binding domain. The Groucho/transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE) family of proteins are transcriptional co-repressors that interact with a number of DNA-bound transcription factors and play multiple roles in development. Here we demonstrate that the proline-rich N-terminal domain of PRH binds to TLE1 in vitro and in yeast two-hybrid assays. We show that PRH and TLE proteins are co-expressed in hematopoietic cells and interact in co-immunoprecipitation assays. We demonstrate that TLE1 increases repression by PRH in transient transfection assays and that titration of endogenous TLE proteins by co-expression of Grg5, a natural trans-dominant negative protein, alleviates transcriptional repression by PRH. Finally, we show that a mutation in the PRH N-terminal domain that blocks the PRH-TLE1 interaction in vitro eliminates co-repression. We discuss these results in terms of the roles of PRH and TLE in cell differentiation and development.
Combined just noticeable difference model guided image watermarking

Perceptual Watermarking should take full advantage of the results from human visual system (HVS) studies. Just noticeable difference (JND), which refers to the maximum difference that the HVS does not perceive, gives us a way to model the HVS accurately. In this paper, we exploit a combined JND model which represents additional accurate perceptual visibility threshold profile to guide watermarking for digital images. The proposed combined JND model guided watermarking scheme, where visual models are fully used to determine image dependent upper bounds on watermark insertion, allows us to provide the maximum strength transparent watermark. Experimental results confirm the improved performance of our combined JND model. Our combined JND model is capable of yielding higher injected-watermark energy without introducing noticeable difference to the original image and outperforms the relevant existing visual models. Robustness results show the proposed JND model guided watermarking scheme performs much better than other algorithms based on Watson's perceptual model.
[Declared management methods used by the Polish psychiatrists among a group of people with a high risk syndrome of psychosis development: results of the National Polish Questionnaire].

AIM The aim of the study was to assess the declared management methods used byPolish psychiatrists among a group of people at high risk of psychosis development. METHOD Management methods used among two kinds of UHR persons, i.e., (A) attenuated or brief, limited psychotic symptoms group and (B) state and trait risk factors group, were assessed during nationwide psychiatric conferences held in 2009, which gathered Polish psychiatrists practicing throughout the whole country. RESULTS (A) For those experiencing attenuated or brief, limited psychotic symptoms (APS or BLIPS), the vast majority of respondents (88%) declared using pharmacological intervention. Moreover, all doctors choosing pharmacotherapy declared using antipsychotic drugs (AP). Second generation antipsychotics (SGA) (84%), i.e., risperidone (48%) and olanzapine (32%) were medications to be selected as the first choice. Most doctors declared that they use medium doses ofAP (46%) for minimum 6-12 months (31%). (B) Among the group of people with state and trait risk factors, the vast majority of respondents (81%) also declared using AP: mostly SGA (75%) and typical AP (20%). Medications used as the first choice in this group were also mostly risperidone and olanzapine (44% and 28% respectively). 65% of the doctors declared using low doses of antipsychotics for the minimum of 6-12 months (39%). CONCLUSIONS A high percentage of Polish psychiatrists state that they use pharmacological intervention in persons at high risk of developing psychosis. Preferred medications are mainly SGA (risperidone and olanzapine), prescribed in medium and low doses for a minimum of 6-12 months.
A Novel Scheme for Channel State Information Feedback in MIMO-OFDMA System

The exceeding performance of Close-Loop MIMO scheme over Open-Loop one is attractive. However, the large size of Channel State Information (CSI) feedback to transmitter is its major drawback. To reduce this cost, many works have been done on CSI feedback design in frequency domain for MIMO-OFDM systems. We propose a scheme which represents the CSI in temporal domain. Based on that the channel is inherent formed by numbers of taps, it is efficient to take few dominant ones. Many multiuser systems take advantage of frequency diversity by allocating only subset of subcarriers to a user, so user can only send feedback on subcarriers of its preferred resource blocks. We improve our channel impulse response (CIR) feedback scheme to let the counterpart of temporal response by DFT focus on these resource blocks of interest (RBol). Performance evaluation has been taken on 3GPP Spatial Channel Model. Simulation shows that the performance of temporal response emphasized on RBoIs exceeds that of Channel Frequency Response with same size and is comparable to the Channel Frequency Response based scheme with higher frequency resolution.
Association of interleukin-1 polymorphisms with periodontal disease.

BACKGROUND Several studies have investigated genetic polymorphisms for cytokines as potential genetic markers for periodontitis. Some studies have found that interleukin (IL)-1A and IL-1B polymorphisms are associated with a higher severity of periodontitis, while others found no association. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of the IL-1A-889 and IL-1B+3954 (previously described as +3953) polymorphisms in Chileans and their association with periodontitis. METHODS Subjects aged 20 to 48 were selected from people requesting dental treatment at a public health center in Santiago, Chile. A case-control study of 330 cases of periodontitis patients and 101 healthy controls was performed. A full-mouth periodontal examination was performed on each subject and a structured questionnaire was conducted to determine smoking habits. Cases were categorized as having initial, moderate, or severe periodontitis according to the percentage of sites with clinical attachment loss > or =3 mm. Genomic DNA was analyzed for polymorphism in the IL-1A gene at site -889 and IL-1B gene at site +3954 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification followed by restriction enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis. Data were analyzed by chi square test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and by calculating odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of subjects were similar in cases and in controls. A higher frequency of heterozygous of the IL-1A-889 was found in cases than in controls, but the difference was not significant. The heterozygous of the IL-1B+3954 was significantly higher in cases than in controls and was associated with periodontitis (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.59 to 6.09, P = 0.001). The homozygous for allele 1 of the IL-1B+3954 was a protective factor for periodontitis (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.66, P = 0.001). The prevalence of positive genotype (at least one allele 2 present at each locus) was significantly higher in cases (26.06%) than in controls (9.9%) and was significantly associated with periodontitis (OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.60 to 6.44, P = 0.001), irrespective of the smoking status and periodontitis severity. Sensitivity of positive genotype was 26%, the specificity 90%, and the positive predictive value 89%. CONCLUSION Within the limits of this study, the results show that individuals carrying the positive genotype have significantly greater risk for developing periodontitis.
GAD antibody-associated limbic encephalitis in a young woman with APECED

The autoimmune polyendocrinopathy–candidiasis–ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. Immune deficiency, hypoparathyroidism and Addison’s disease due to autoimmune dysfunction are the major clinical signs of APECED. We report on a 21-year-old female APECED patient with two inactivating mutations in the AIRE gene. She presented with sudden onset of periodic nausea. Adrenal insufficiency was diagnosed by means of the ACTH stimulation test. Despite initiation of hormone replacement therapy with hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone, nausea persisted and the patient developed cognitive deficits and a loss of interest which led to the diagnosis of depression. She was admitted to the psychiatric department for further diagnostic assessment. An EEG showed a focal epileptic pattern. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies, which had been negative eight years earlier, were now elevated in serum and in the cerebrospinal fluid. Oligoclonal bands were positive indicating an inflammatory process with intrathecal antibody production in the central nervous system (CNS). The periodic nausea was identified as dialeptic seizures, which clinically presented as gastrointestinal aura followed by episodes of reduced consciousness that occurred about 3–4 times per day. GAD antibody-associated limbic encephalitis (LE) was diagnosed. Besides antiepileptic therapy, an immunosuppressive treatment with corticosteroids was initiated followed by azathioprine. The presence of nausea and vomiting in endocrine patients with autoimmune disorders is indicative of adrenal insufficiency. However, our case report shows that episodic nausea may be a symptom of epileptic seizures due to GAD antibodies-associated LE in patients with APECED. Learning points: Episodic nausea cannot only be a sign of Addison’s disease, but can also be caused by epileptic seizures with gastrointestinal aura due to limbic encephalitis. GAD antibodies are not only found in diabetes mellitus type 1, but they are also associated with autoimmune limbic encephalitis and can appear over time. Limbic encephalitis can be another manifestation of autoimmune disease in patients with APECED/APS-1 that presents over the time course of the disease.
Genome Mining Reveals Two Novel Bacterial Sesquiterpene Cyclases: (−)‐Germacradien‐4‐ol and (−)‐epi‐α‐Bisabolol Synthases from Streptomyces citricolor

Now found in bacteria: An increasing number of genome sequences indicate that bacteria possess a variety of terpenoid cyclase genes. The characterization of two sesquiterpene cyclase (SC) genes found in the draft genome sequence of Streptomyces citricolor is described here. Our study strongly supports the idea that genome mining is a useful approach in revealing the terpenoid diversity in bacteria.
Validation of a Rational Malingering Test Using Evoked Potentials

Summary: Malingering is easy to define, difficult to detect, and very costly for any health care system. The structured interview of reported symptoms (SIRS) was constructed using rational strategies to detect malingering in patients endorsing psychotic symptoms. This study validated the SIRS using evoked potentials. Nineteen patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia and 15 healthy controls completed an oddball and paired click protocol. Severity of psychotic symptoms was documented using the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms. The patient group was divided by probability of malingering according to the SIRS. Patients with a high probability of malingering had significantly greater P3 amplitude (P = 0.006, t-test) and more P50 suppression (P = 0.044, t-test) than patients with a low probability of malingering. No significant difference in P3 amplitude or P50 suppression was found between the patients with a high probability of malingering and the healthy controls. This study provides empirical support for the validity of the SIRS with evidence that is independent of patient report.
Implementation Appraisal for Tax Preferential Policies in West China Development

The authors hold that the tax preferential treatment for West China development has significant positive effect on economic growth and corporate profitability based on analysis on the relationships between tax preferential policy and regional economic growth, corporate business behaviors and local government public finance. However, the effect of preferential taxation for West China development on the economy from 2002 to 2004 was decreasing. The main causes for this fact may be that the preferential treatment is more endowed to monopolistic, energy-consuming and polluting firms. We thus propose to alter the coverage and lengthen the time period of preferential taxation.
Localization of GABA- and GAD-like immunoreactivity in the turtle retina

Abstract γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been reported to be an important neurotransmitter in the retinas of many species. This immunocytochemical study detailed the localization of antigens resembling GABA and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of GABA), in retinal neurons in the turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans. GABA-like immunoreactivity was present within somata in the inner and outer regions of the inner nuclear layer, within somata in the ganglion cell layer, and in processes in the outer plexiform layer, inner plexiform layer, and ganglion cell axon layer. GAD-like immunoreactivity was found in somata in the inner and outer regions of the inner nuclear layer and in processes in the inner and outer plexiform layers. Cell counts indicated more somata with GABA-like than GAD-like immunoreactivity in the inner nuclear layer. Double-label studies showed that every somata in the inner nuclear layer which had GAD-like immunoreactivity also had GABA-like immunoreactivity, but that many somata had only GABA-like immunoreactivity. The stratification of immunoreactivity within the inner plexiform layer was analyzed using a scanning densitometer. We described the strata within the inner plexiform layer such that S0 represented the inner nuclear layer/inner plexiform layer border and S100 represented the inner plexiform layer/ganglion cell layer border. Analysis of GAD-like labeling yielded seven distinct strata with peak densities at positions S8, S19, S28, S42, S59, S75, and S93. GABA-like labeling provided five distinct strata with peak densities at positions S17, S28, S67, S84, and S95. The strata with peaks of GABA-like immunoreactivity at S17 and S28 were in statistically identical locations to corresponding strata with GAD-like immunoreactivity. The strata with GABA-like immunoreactivity at S67, S84, and S95 did not have statistically identical peaks of correlated GAD-like immunoreactivity, although there were corresponding strata with GAD-like immunoreactivity nearby. Antiserum directed against GABA failed to produce labeled strata at positions corresponding to the strata with GAD-like immunoreactivity at S8 and S42. In summary, our results indicated that the antisera we used, which were directed against GABA and GAD, produced significantly different labeling in the inner nuclear layer, inner plexiform layer, and the ganglion cell body and axon layers of the turtle retina. Until the physiological significance of these differences is resolved, studies employing these markers to investigate the function of GABA in the turtle retina should be interpreted with caution.
Poor Oral Health and Coronary Heart Disease

A few recent studies have shown associations between poor oral health and coronary heart disease (CHD). The objective of this study was to examine the incidence of CHD in relation to number of teeth present and periodontal disease, and to explore potential mediators of this association, in a prospective cohort study. This study is a part of the ongoing Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS). Participants included a US national sample of 44,119 male health professionals (58% of whom were dentists), from 40 to 75 years of age, who reported no diagnosed CHD, cancer, or diabetes at baseline. We recorded 757 incident cases of CHD, including fatal and non-fatal mvocardial infarction and sudden death, in six years of follow-up. Among men who reported pre-existing periodontal disease, those with 10 or fewer teeth were at increased risk of CHD compared with men with 25 or more teeth (relative risk = 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 2.71), after adjustment for standard CHD risk factors. Among men without pre-existing periodontal disease, no relationship was found (relative risk = 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.68). The associations were only slightly attenuated after we controlled for dietary factors. No overall associations were found between periodontal disease and coronary heart disease. Tooth loss may be associated with increased risk of CHD, primarily among those with a positive periodontal disease history; diet was only a small mediator of this association.
Razor Blade Functions in the PEEC Method

Modern electrical devices are of particular concern in terms of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Various numerical methods have been developed for EMC problems. One of those numerical methods is the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) approach, which was basically developed in order to combine electrical circuits and electromagnetic problems, because a circuit formulation of the electrical devices can be achieved. The standard PEEC formulation uses the Galerkin method in order to transform the EFIE into an equation system and rectangular source functions are taken in order to apply analytical integration formulas. In this paper, the new possibility to apply razor blade functions is presented in order to allow the application of numerical integration within nearly the same computation time as the analytical way. In addition, a higher accuracy is achieved, because Green's function can totally be integrated including the retardation term. Examples are presented within this paper in order to show that a good agreement is obtained between the Galerkin PEEC, the PEEC based on razor blade testing and a method of moments simulation (MoM), which is applied for validation.
Fatty acids in breast milk of allergic and non‐allergic mothers: The PIAMA birth cohort study

Fatty acid composition was studied in breast milk of allergic and non‐allergic mothers, focusing in particular on concentrations of the n‐6 and n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturates (LCP) in relation to maternal allergy. Milk samples were obtained from 168 mothers with asthma or inhalant allergies and 107 mothers without asthma and inhalant allergies, between 2 and 35 weeks after delivery. Mean values of fatty acid concentration (weight% of total fatty acids) were estimated for individual fatty acids, for groups of fatty acids and for the metabolic index (the ratio between the sum of n‐6 polyunsaturates and linoleic acid). For the most relevant fatty acids, the association with maternal allergy was subsequently analyzed in more detail using multiple regression analysis. The metabolic index in breast milk was significantly lower in the allergic than in the non‐allergic mothers, but no significant differences were observed in the concentrations of any of the n‐6 fatty acids. Also concentrations of the n‐3 fatty acids and nearly all other fatty acids were similar in allergic and non‐allergic mothers' breast milk. No differences in fatty acid concentrations were observed between mothers with asthma and mothers with single or with multiple inhalant allergies. Our data suggest that differences in fatty acid composition between breast milk of allergic and non‐allergic mothers are small and are unlikely to be responsible for the differential effects of breastfeeding by allergic and non‐allergic mothers that have been observed in some studies.