Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Challenging the Status Quo: Reclaiming Indigenous Knowledge through Namibia’s Postcolonial Education System

Although Namibia has been independent for more than two decades (1990–2014), the school curriculum remains essentially Eurocentric despite rhetoric on educational reform. Similar to other African countries, Western ideological power continues to dominate postcolonial education, even though political power rests in the hands of African leaders. Employing George Sefa Dei’s anticolonial discursive framework, this article presents a critical analysis of postcolonial education in Namibia and of its failure to adopt a diverse and culturally sensitive school curriculum. This article concludes that, in future reforms, the Namibian education system must incorporate indigenous knowledge not only to preserve this knowledge but also to recognize the multilogicality of knowledge production and its uses in diverse cultural contexts.
Using the general equilibrium growth model to study great depressions: a reply to Temin

Three of the arguments made by Temin (2008) in his review of Great Depressions of the Twentieth Century are demonstrably wrong: that the treatment of the data in the volume is cursory; that the definition of great depressions is too general and, in particular, groups slow growth experiences in Latin America in the 1980s with far more severe great depressions in Europe in the 1930s; and that the book is an advertisement for the real business cycle methodology. Without these three arguments — which are the results of obvious conceptual and arithmetical errors, including copying the wrong column of data from a source — his review says little more than that he does not think it appropriate to apply our dynamic general equilibrium methodology to the study of great depressions, and he does not like the conclusion that we draw: that a successful model of a great depression needs to be able to account for the effects of government policy on productivity.
A comparative analysis of South Africa's mediation in the Burundi and Côte d'Ivoire conflicts

This study compares and analyses South Africa‟s mediation efforts in Burundi from 1999present, and Côte d‟Ivoire from 2004-2006. A thorough study of the two conflicts reveals that the conflict in Burundi was far more intractable than that in Côte d‟Ivoire, with very unique factors contributing to the conflict: a high population density coupled with land scarcity, in a bifurcated dual community with a Hutu majority and a Tutsi minority. The Tutsi minority had ruled over the Hutu majority since precolonial times. The Arusha Agreement for the Reconciliation of Burundi (2000) attempted to redress these historical circumstances by introducing proportional ethnic quotas. While enabling majority rule, these however, ensured the former minority rulers retain substantial power through the agreed proportional formulae. A significant challenge with which the South African mediators were faced was that the major Hutu rebel groups, the CNDD-FDD and the Paliphehutu-FNL remained outside the peace process until 2003 and 2008 respectively. The conflict in Côte d‟Ivoire was influenced more strongly by economic factors. Once Ivoirité was introduced in 1964, based on the patrimonialism of President Felix Houphouët-Boigny‟s one party rule, groups such as migrants, northerners and Muslims formed an alliance of the excluded and rebelled against the Ivoirité government. This continues to contribute significantly to the conflict in the country. Although the Côte d‟Ivoirian conflict was far more negotiable, bad faith between the government and the rebels, agreements that did not address the root causes of the conflict as well as a proliferation of external mediators resulted in a protracted peace process that has not been completely resolved. The most significant contribution by South Africa may have been President Mbeki‟s determination on Article 35 of the Côte d‟Ivoirian constitution that excluded personalities who did not meet the requirements of Ivoirité from standing for public
Generation of lake bathymetry using sonar, satellite imagery and GIS

Bathymetric information on lakes and reservoirs has important value in hydrology. Besides water level – volume lake area or stage curve relationships, multi temporal comparison between bathymetries is an indicator for environmental changes like lake or reservoir sedimentation. From this information, lake ecosystem functioning, life times of reservoirs or erosion sedimentation rates of catchments can be derived. Monitoring lake bathymetry has become attractive using recent advances in Global Positioning Systems, portable sonar sounders, remote sensing data and GIS software analysis tools. A methodology for rapid bathymetric survey and map generation, developed by the International Institute for Geoinformation Sciences and Earth Observation (ITC) is described based on surveys performed in Europe, Africa and South-America.
Cramér–Rao bounds for three‐point decomposition of water and fat

The noise analysis for three‐point decomposition of water and fat was extended to account for the uncertainty in the field map. This generalization leads to a nonlinear estimation problem. The Crámer–Rao bound (CRB) was used to study the variance of the estimates of the magnitude, phase, and field map by computing the maximum effective number of signals averaged (NSA) for any choice of echo time shifts. The analysis shows that the noise properties of the reconstructed magnitude, phase, and field map depend not only on the choice of echo time shifts but also on the amount of fat and water in each voxel and their alignment at the echo. The choice of echo time shifts for spin‐echo, spoiled gradient echo, and steady‐state free precession imaging techniques were optimized using the CRB. The noise analysis for the magnitude explains rough interfaces seen clinically in the boundary of fat and water with source images obtained symmetrically about the spin‐echo. It also provides a solution by choosing appropriate echo time shifts (−π/6 + πk, π/2 + πk, 7π/6 + πk), with k an integer. With this choice of echo time shifts it is possible to achieve the maximum NSA uniformly across all fat:water ratios. The optimization is also carried out for the estimation of phase and field map. These theoretical results were verified using Monte Carlo simulations with a newly developed nonlinear least‐squares reconstruction algorithm that achieves the CRB. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seasonal climate summary southern hemisphere (autumn 2005): an exceptionally warm and dry autumn across Australia

Averaged across the country, autumn 2005 was the warmest since records began in 1950. No State recorded a negative (i.e. below average) mean temperature anomaly. South Australia and Western Australia recorded their highest autumn mean temperature on record. The Northern Territory recorded its second highest, New South Wales its third highest and Queensland its fourth highest. Though this was mainly driven by the large anomalies in the maximum temperature, which was the highest on record Australia-wide and in many states, minimum temperatures were also significantly higher than average over the western two-thirds of the country. Australiawide it was the seventh warmest autumn on record in terms of minimum temperatures. This was all the more remarkable as Australia recorded its tenth driest autumn (of 106 years of records), dry conditions being generally associated with below-average minimum temperatures. This was especially evident in April, a remarkable month which, on a national scale, saw the most extreme temperature anomalies ever recorded for Australia. The principal contributor to the abnormal warmth, especially in April, was persistent high temperatures in the northern half of Australia, associated with a relatively weak tropical wet season for 2004/05. Aust. Met. Mag. 55 (2006) 71-84
Multiple influential point detection in high dimensional regression spaces

Influence diagnosis is an integrated component of data analysis but has been severely underinvestigated in a high dimensional regression setting. One of the key challenges, even in a fixed dimensional setting, is how to deal with multiple influential points that give rise to masking and swamping effects. The paper proposes a novel group deletion procedure referred to as multiple influential point detection by studying two extreme statistics based on a marginal‐correlation‐based influence measure. Named the min‐ and max‐statistics, they have complementary properties in that the max‐statistic is effective for overcoming the masking effect whereas the min‐statistic is useful for overcoming the swamping effect. Combining their strengths, we further propose an efficient algorithm that can detect influential points with a prespecified false discovery rate. The influential point detection procedure proposed is simple to implement and efficient to run and enjoys attractive theoretical properties. Its effectiveness is verified empirically via extensive simulation study and data analysis. An R package implementing the procedure is freely available.
Conflicting World Views: Disjuncture between Climate Change Knowledge, Land Use Planning and Disaster Resilience in Remote Indigenous Communities in Northern Australia

This paper examines the links between emergency management and land use planning in four remote Indigenous communities in tropical northern Australia and the extent to which such linkages produced better disaster resilience in these communities. The case study communities were chosen because they are in locations likely to experience increased frequency and/or intensity of extreme weather events, both slow (sea level rise, drought) and rapid onset (storm surges, cyclones, floods) as a consequence of climate change. We compared land use planning legislation, state level planning policies, statutory planning schemes, property registration systems and emergency management systems. We found a clear disjuncture between understanding the likely impacts of climate change and the collection of emergency management data and the consideration of hazards and risks in land use planning systems. We conclude that the land use planning systems in tropical northern Australia are still geared toward promoting and facilitating development and have not evolved sufficiently to take account of climate change impacts, including sea level rise. This disjuncture is particularly evident in the context of remote Indigenous communities in Australia and reforms to land use planning systems are urgently required to address this disjuncture.
Evolution and medicine

Partnering NIH Institutes and Centers National Institute of General Medical Sciences National Cancer Institute National Center for Research Resources National Eye Institute National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institute on Aging National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institute on Drug Abuse National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Office of the Director
Encodage des dictionnaires electroniques: problemes et propositions de la tei.

Résumé Cet article décrit les principaux problèmes auxquels la Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) a dû faire face pour définir un standard d'encodage des dictionnaires électroniques. Ceux-ci sont, à cause de leur haut degré de structuration et de complexité, parmi les types de textes les plus difficiles traités par la TEI. Les problèmes les plus délicats étaient (1) le conflit entre la généralité de la description visant à représenter le plus grand nombre possible de dictionnaires, et son pouvoir descriptif, c'est-à-dire la capacité à décrire de façon précise la structure particulière d'un dictionnaire donné; (2) la nécessité de rendre compte de points de vue différents sur les dictionnaires encodés, par exemple, comme objet imprimé ou comme base de données.
Fluctuation of Bag-net Catches off Wando, Korea and the Effect of Sea Water Temperature

Fluctuation of the yield of anchovy, Engraulis japonicus and species composition of by-catch were examined to clarify the effect of sea water temperature using samples by bag net off Wando, west southern of Korea from 1999 to 2001. In 1999 and 2001, sea water temperature were higher than 20 from July to October, However that of 2000 was higher than 20 from August to September owing to the strong tidal front formed in south western area of Korea from late spring to summer. Fish captured by bag net off Wando was composed of approximately 73 species which belonging to the juveniles and young stages. Among them, Gymnapogon urospilotus, Lagocephalus sp. , Omobranchus elegans, Platycephalus indicus and Konosirus punctatus did not appeared in 2000 when tidal front were developed stronger than in 1999 and 2001. Yield of anchovy landed at fishery of Wando were 1,000 M/T in 1999, 620 M/T in 2000, 1,056 M/T in 2001 respectively and have a tendency to increase from July to August and reach to maximum from August to October.
Downward Nominal Wage Rigidity and the Long-Run Phillips Curve: Simulation-Based Evidence for the Euro Area?

This paper summarises the results of a quantitative study of the possible impact of downward nominal wage rigidity on the determination of inflation and output in the euro area and the existence of a non-vertical long-run Phillips curve. The study was undertaken in the context of the review of the ECB's monetary policy strategy in Spring 2003 and complements an investigation of the consequences of the zero-interest-rate bound for monetary policy-making in the euro area, the results of which are summarised in Coenen (2003).
Evidence of forcing of Arctic regional climates by mesoscale processes

A turbine engine includes a gear driven booster connected to a high pressure shaft of the engine. A gear assembly connects the booster to the high pressure shaft. The booster is a high speed orthogonal booster that includes a plurality of rotor blades and a plurality of stator vanes. The booster rotates in a direction that is opposite to a direction the high pressure shaft rotates.
Productive disasters? Evidence from European firm level data

This paper examines the impact of floods on firms’ capital accumulation, employment growth and productivity by using a difference-indifference approach and considering firms’ asset structure. We find evidence that companies in flooding regions show higher growth of total assets and employment than firms in areas which did not face a flooding. This positive effect is even more pronounced for companies with larger shares of intangible assets. Regarding the firms’ productivity a significantly negative flood effect is observable which declines with increasing share of intangible assets. JEL Codes: D24, Q54, R10, C21
Turning water into politics : the water issue in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict

List of Figures List of Maps List of Tables Acknowledgements Introduction: Water and Politics Water Resources: Scarcity and Inequity Water and Israel's Occupation of the Palestinian Territories Zionism and Water: The Shaping of Israel's Water Policies in the Pre-State Period Water and Israel's Search for Security The Political-Economy of Water in Israel The Water Negotiations: Toward the Oslo II Interim Agreement Transition and Stalemate: The Palestinian-Israeli Water Dispute Since the Oslo II Accord Finding Solutions to the Palestinian-Israeli Water Dispute List of Interviewees Index
Semi-supervised deep learning for hyperspectral image classification

ABSTRACT Recently, a series of deep learning methods based on the convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been introduced for classification of hyperspectral images (HSIs). However, in order to obtain the optimal parameters, a large number of training samples are required in the CNNs to avoid the overfitting problem. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to extend the training set for deep learning based hyperspectral image classification. First, given a small-sample-size training set, the principal component analysis based edge-preserving features (PCA-EPFs) and extended morphological attribute profiles (EMAPs) are used for HSI classification so as to generate classification probability maps. Second, a large number of pseudo training samples are obtained by the designed decision function which depends on the classification probabilities. Finally, a deep feature fusion network (DFFN) is applied to classify HSI with the training set consists of the original small-sample-size training set and the added pseudo training samples. Experiments performed on several hyperspectral data sets demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of the proposed method in terms of classification accuracies.
High Scanning-Rate Leaky-Wave Antenna Using Complementary Microstrip-Slot Stubs

A leaky-wave antenna capable of frequency-dependent beam steering and featuring a high scanning rate is introduced. The potential usefulness of the antenna resides in its ability to act as a time-space transformer in which temporal frequency-domain information can be transformed into the spatial frequency domain. Possible applications for the antenna include analog spectrum analyzers based on time-to-space transformation and also microwave imaging systems based on space-to-time conversion. One desirable property for the antenna in these types of applications is a high scanning rate where a small change in frequency can lead to significant changes in beam angle. To meet this requirement, we propose a novel high scanning-rate leaky-wave antenna using complementary microstrip-slot stubs. The design features a simple implementation and easy fabrication. It is verified by numerical examples and an experimental example. The resultant antenna design can provide a scanning rate of 135°/GHz.
Minskade växtnäringsförlusteroch växthusgasutsläpp till 2016 : – förslag till handlingsprogram för jordbruket

Jordbruksverket har haft i uppdrag att ta fram ett forslag till handlingsprogram forminskade vaxtnaringsforluster och vaxthusgasutslapp. Forslaget ska galla perioden2011-2016, med utblick till 2020 .
The atlas of southern African birds

This is a major work covering the breeding and non-breeding birds of the Southern African sub-region. Published in two volumes, Volume One includes introductory chapters describing methodology and the 'avi'-geography of the region, with habitat photos, and coverage of the non-passerines, whilst Volume Two covers the passerines. Some 900 species are covered in total, including 200 vagrants, with detailed species accounts, maps and statistics for at least 500 species. Conservation issues are discussed for most species. '. sets new standards in its scope and in its methods.it will come to be valued ever more as years go by, for setting a measured baseline against which to judge environmental trends across the great range of southern Africa. ' - Colin Bibby, "BirdLife International".
Introduction to the Special Issue on Human-Computer Interaction in the Web 2.0 Era

Web 2.0, the “dynamic web,” is one of the most effective applications to date of information and communication technologies in the way it revolutionized how individuals interact with information. The term Web 2.0 is largely associated with Tim O’Reilley (Graham, 2005; O’Reilley, 2005), and is a loosely defined concept that represents a variety of technologies. Some of these are development platforms while others are applications used mostly for social computing and interaction. The latter group of technologies, also known as the Social Web (Rheingold, 2000) has arguably been in the core of the World Wide Web from its conception (Porter, 2008). Moreover, the developmental components of Web 2.0 that moved computing beyond desktops via the use of web-based “building blocks” such as web services not only made it possible to realize the true potential of the social web, but to a large extent made it synonymous with Web 2.0. Our use of the term Web 2.0 also treats it as identical to the social web.
System approaches in fluvial geomorphology

The fluvial system is a complex adaptive process‐response system with two main physical components, the morphological system and the cascading system. The fluvial system changes progressively through geological time, as a result of normal erosional and depositional processes. The hydrosystem integrity depends on the dynamic interactions of hydrological, geomorphological and biological processes acting in these three dimensions over a range of time‐scales. The fluvial anthroposystem theory, with human pressures ubiquitous for many centuries, rivers are reacting to multiple human pressures acting at different time‐scales and different locations within the basin. Similarity analysis and connectivity analysis are ways to study the fluvial system in a comparative manner, one focusing on single temporal and spatial‐scale components, the other on the links between components of different scales. This chapter talks about research on the Drome, the Roubion, the Eygues and the Bega river to understand the system evolution and to inform management decisions.
Sensitivity of tropospheric loads and lifetimes of short lived pollutants to fire emissions

Abstract. The capability of global chemistry and transport models (CTMs) to simulate atmospheric composition and its spatial and temporal changes highly relies on the input data used by the models, in particular the emission inventories. Biomass burning emissions show large spatial, diurnal, seasonal and year-to-year variability. In the present study, we applied a global 3-D CTM to evaluate uncertainties in the computed atmospheric composition associated with the use of different biomass burning emissions and identify areas where observational data can help to reduce these uncertainties. We find the emission inventory choice to lead to regional differences in the calculated load of aerosols up to a factor of 4. Assumptions on the injection height of the biomass burning emissions are found to produce regionally up to 30% differences in the calculated tropospheric lifetimes of pollutants. Computed changes in lifetimes point to a strong chemical feedback mechanism between emissions from biomass burning and isoprene emissions from vegetation that are linked via NOx-driven oxidant chemistry, NOx-dependent changes in isoprene oxidation products, aerosol emissions and atmospheric transport. These interactions reduce isoprene load in the presence of biomass burning emissions by 15%, calculated for the same amount of isoprene emitted into the troposphere. Thus, isoprene load and lifetime are inversely related to the quantities of pollutants emitted by biomass burning. These interactions are shown to be able to increase the global annual secondary aerosol yield from isoprene emissions, defined as the ratio of tropospheric loads of secondary aerosol from isoprene oxidation to isoprene emissions, by up to 18%.
Stem Cell Donor Matching for Patients of Mixed Race - eScholarship

The plight of multiracial leukemia patients who are unable to find matching stem cell donors has received much media attention. These news stories, while dramatic, are short on statistical information and long on misconceptions. We apply simple probability theory, the genetics of sexual diploid reproduction, and the theory of public goods to produce estimates of the probabilities that multiracial patients will find matching donors in the existing registry. We then compute the benefits and costs of registering more potential donors of single and mixed races. c