Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generalizations of the Los-Tarski Preservation Theorem

We present new preservation theorems that semantically characterize the $\exists^k \forall^*$ and $\forall^k \exists^*$ prefix classes of first order logic, for each natural number $k$. Unlike preservation theorems in the literature that characterize the $\exists^* \forall^*$ and $\forall^* \exists^*$ prefix classes, our theorems relate the count of quantifiers in the leading block of the quantifier prefix to natural quantitative properties of the models. As special cases of our results, we obtain the classical Los-Tarski preservation theorem for sentences in both its extensional and substructural versions. For arbitrary finite vocabularies, we also generalize the extensional version of the Los-Tarski preservation theorem for theories. We also present an interpolant-based approach towards these results. Finally, we present partial results towards generalizing to theories, the substructural version of the Los-Tarski theorem and in the process, we give a preservation theorem that provides a semantic characterization of $\Sigma^0_n$ theories for each natural number $n$.
Formation of Anodic Oxide Nanotubes in H2O2 - Fluoride Ethylene Glycol Electrolyte as Template for Electrodeposition of α-Fe2O3

Anodic oxidation of titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr) and niobium (Nb) foils in fluoride ethylene glycol (EG) added to it 1 H2O2 as oxidant was done to produce oxide film with nanostructures at 40 V. Whilst arrays of aligned nanotubes were successfully formed on the surface of Ti and Zr respectively, anodic Nb2O5 was found to consist of nanoporous structure with pore size of ~ 20 nm. Despite long nanotubes were formed on both Ti (2 μm) and Zr (3 μm), the surface of the nanotubes suffered from severe dissolution, thinning the wall and collapsing them. Well defined, ordered surface structure of the nanotubes is required as they will be used as template for subsequent deposition of nanoparticles. This was achieved when Ti anodised in 5 ml H2O2 fluoride EG. With excess H2O2 etching at the surface occur more uniformly forming homogenous surface structure. α-Fe2O3 were then electrodeposited on this surface at-3 V from chloride solution and the mode of formation is believed to be due to electrogeneration of base at the surface of the TiO2.
Improving the Effectiveness of End-User Training Outcomes

End-user training (EUT) does not deliver the expected value to the organisations when end users do not transfer the skills learned to their workplace. Training effectiveness occurs when end users not only have the ability but are willing to transfer the skill learned to improve their job. This study proposes a model of EUT effectiveness which explicitly considers training effectiveness outcomes and incorporates attitude and motivation as two key antecedents. We propose a longitudinal field experiment to examine the influence of persuasive communication and goal-matching on EUT effectiveness. The proposed theoretical framework is based on a thorough review of literature from multiple disciplines such as Psychology, Education, Organisational Behaviour and Information Systems.
Effect of pre-incubation and incubation conditions on hatchability and chick quality of Kuroiler chickens

A study was conducted to review the effects of pre-incubation and incubation conditions on hatchability and chick quality of Kuroiler chickens. The most important incubation factors that affect hatch time, hatchability and hatch window (temperature, humidity, turning, and ventilation) were reviewed. There was a significant influence (P 0.05) between size of egg and hatch window. The performance of Kurolilers at the end of the rearing period depended, in part, on the quality of day-old chicks at placement. The quality of day-old chicks was highly affected by the incubation conditions, hatch time (which determines the time spent in the hatchery under high temperature and humidity), and handling of chicks after hatch. Key words: Egg shell, hatch handling, hatch time, hatch window
Below-ground processes in meadow soil under elevated ozone and carbon dioxide

This thesis is based on the following articles and manuscripts, which are referred to in the text by their Roman numerals: Mesocosms mimic natural meadows as regards greenhouse gas fluxes and potential activities of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. Plant and Soil 276: 287-299. soil microbial community structure under elevated tropospheric O 3 and CO 2. Submitted for publication. Differences in the microbial communities of rhizospheric and bulk soil beneath Lathyrus pratensis and Agrostis capillaris exposed to elevated O 3. Manuscript.
Cytotoxicity of 7-ketocholesterol toward cultured rat hepatocytes and the effect of vitamin E.

The effects of 7-ketocholesterol on rat hepatocytes prepared by collagenase perfusion were examined. The viability of cells incubated with 100 microM 7-ketocholesterol was significantly lower than those with cholesterol, although the LDH activity in the cultured medium remained unchanged during the incubation. Hepatocytes treated with 7-ketocholesterol produced large amounts of . NO and O2- in the early stage of incubation. Treatment of the hepatocytes with Carboxy-PTIO, which selectively scavenged . NO, or with L-NMMA, an inhibitor of . NO synthase, increased the cell viability. The addition of 7-ketocholesterol to the culture medium tended to increase the ratio of total sterol to phospholipid of the hepatocytes in a time-dependent manner without changing the content of phospholipid. No lipid peroxidation or oxidation of the cellular SH groups, protein SH and glutathione, was apparent. Vitamin E added 1 h before the addition of 7-ketocholesterol prevented the hepatocytes from cell death by suppressing the incorporation of 7-ketocholesterol into the hepatocytes and by scavenging O2-.
Hospital Malnutrition: Prevalence, Identification and Impact on Patients and the Healthcare System

Malnutrition is a debilitating and highly prevalent condition in the acute hospital setting, with Australian and international studies reporting rates of approximately 40%. Malnutrition is associated with many adverse outcomes including depression of the immune system, impaired wound healing, muscle wasting, longer lengths of hospital stay, higher treatment costs and increased mortality. Referral rates for dietetic assessment and treatment of malnourished patients have proven to be suboptimal, thereby increasing the likelihood of developing such aforementioned complications. Nutrition risk screening using a validated tool is a simple technique to rapidly identify patients at risk of malnutrition, and provides a basis for prompt dietetic referrals. In Australia, nutrition screening upon hospital admission is not mandatory, which is of concern knowing that malnutrition remains under-reported and often poorly documented. Unidentified malnutrition not only heightens the risk of adverse complications for patients, but can potentially result in foregone reimbursements to the hospital through casemix-based funding schemes. It is strongly recommended that mandatory nutrition screening be widely adopted in line with published best-practice guidelines to effectively target and reduce the incidence of hospital malnutrition.
For Peer Review Sensitivity Observing System Experiment ( SOSE )-A New Effective NWP-based Tool in Designing the Global Observing System

Lacking an established methodology to test the potential impact of prospective extensions to the global observing system (GOS) in real atmospheric cases we developed such a method, called Sensitivity Observing System Experiment (SOSE). For example, since the GOS is non uniform it is of interest to investigate the benefit of complementary observing systems filling its gaps. In a SOSE adjoint sensitivity structures are used to define a pseudo true atmospheric state for the simulation of the prospective observing system. Next, the synthetic observations are used together with real observations from the existing GOS in a state-of-the-art Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model to assess the potential added value of the new observing system. Unlike full observing system simulation experiments (OSSE), SOSE can be applied to real extreme events that were badly forecast operationally and only requires the simulation of the new instrument. As such SOSE is an effective tool e.g. to define observation requirements for extensions to the GOS. These observation requirements may serve as input for the design of an operational network of prospective observing systems. In a companion paper we use SOSE to simulate potential future space borne Doppler Wind Lidar (DWL) scenarios and assess their capability to sample meteorologically sensitive areas not well captured by the current GOS, in particular over the Northern Hemisphere oceans.
On the Properties of a Tree-Structured Server Process

Let X 0 be a nonnegative integer-valued random variable and let an independent copy of X 0 be assigned to each leaf of a binary tree of depth k. If X 0 and X0′ are adjacent leaves let X 1 = (X 0 − 1 ) + + (X0′ − 1 ) + be assigned to the parent node. In general, if X j and Xj′ , are assigned to adjacent nodes at level j = 0 , . , k − 1, then X j and Xj′ are, in turn, independent and the value assigned to their parent node is then X j + 1 = (X j − 1 ) + + (Xj′ − 1 ) + . We ask what is the behavior of X k as k → ∞. We give sufficient conditions for X k → ∞ and for X k → 0 and ask whether these are the only nontrivial possibilities. The problem is of interest because it asks for the asymptotics of a non-linear transform which has an expansive term (the + in the sense of addition) and a contractive term (the +’s in the sense of positive part).
Semi-Supervised Learning Based Social Image Semantic Mining Algorithm AO Guangwu

As social image semantic mining is of great importance in social image retrieval, and it can also solve the problem of semantic gap. In this paper, a novel social image semantic mining algorithm based on semi-supervised learning is proposed. Firstly, labels which tagged the images in the test image dataset are extracted, and noisy semantic information are pruned. Secondly, the labels are propagated to construct an extended collection. Thirdly, image visual features are extracted from the unlabeled images by three steps, including watershed segmentation, region feature extraction and codebooks construction. Fourthly, vectors of image visual feature are obtained by dimension reduction. Fifthly, after the process of semi-supervised learning and classifier training, the confidence score of semantic terms for the unlabeled image are calculated by integrating different types of social image features, and then the heterogeneous feature spaces are divided into several disjoint groups. Finally, experiments are conducted to make performance evaluation. Compared with other existing methods, it can be seen than the proposed can effectively extract semantic information of social images.
Role of RNA Interference (RNAi) in the Moss Physcomitrella patens

RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism that regulates genes by either transcriptional (TGS) or posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS), required for genome maintenance and proper development of an organism. Small non-coding RNAs are the key players in RNAi and have been intensively studied in eukaryotes. In plants, several classes of small RNAs with specific sizes and dedicated functions have evolved. The major classes of small RNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which differ in their biogenesis. miRNAs are synthesized from a short hairpin structure while siRNAs are derived from long double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA). Both miRNA and siRNAs control the expression of cognate target RNAs by binding to reverse complementary sequences mediating cleavage or translational inhibition of the target RNA. They also act on the DNA and cause epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. In the last years, the analysis of plant RNAi pathways was extended to the bryophyte Physcomitrella patens, a non-flowering, non-vascular ancient land plant that diverged from the lineage of seed plants approximately 450 million years ago. Based on a number of characteristic features and its phylogenetic key position in land plant evolution P. patens emerged as a plant model species to address basic as well as applied topics in plant biology. Here we summarize the current knowledge on the role of RNAi in P. patens that shows functional overlap with RNAi pathways from seed plants, and also unique features specific to this species.
Investigation of factors affecting pellet strength in straight grate induration machine

During induration in a straight grate machine, the green pellets pass through four different thermal treatments, namely drying, preheating, heating and cooling. The pellet bed is fired with downdraught firing leading to thermal gradients through the bed. Corex sludge, which is used as fuel in the pellet mix, supplies the necessary energy for uniform heating of the pellet. The physicochemical conditions, e.g. the temperature and oxygen partial pressure mainly depend on the amount of fuel incorporated in the pellet mix. As a result the percentage and the distribution of various phases in the pellets vary, leading to deviation in quality. To study the distribution of phases and their impact on cold crushing strength at different carbon levels (1·20 and 1·35%), pellets from different layers of the induration bed in an industrial straight grate were characterised. It was observed that the strength of the pellets varied from 142 to 268 kg/pellet and 128 to 245 kg/pellet across bed, with carbon 1·20 and 1·35% respectively. It was found that middle layer pellets had higher strength compared to top and bottom layers. It was observed that amount of hematite, magnetite, porosity and the pore size plays a significant role on the pellet strength. Pellets with 1·20% carbon showed better physical and microstructural properties across the pellet bed compared to pellets with 1·35% carbon.
Communicating with Unknown Teammates

Past research has investigated a number of methods for coordinating teams of agents, but, with the growing number of sources of agents, it is likely that agents will encounter teammates that do not share their coordination methods. Therefore, it is desirable for agents to form an effective ad hoc team. This research tackles the problem of communication in ad hoc teams, introducing a minimal version of the multiagent, multi-armed bandit problem with limited communication between the agents. This abstract summarizes theoretical results that prove that this problem setting can be solved in polynomial time when the agent knows the set of possible teammates, and the empirical results that show that the problems can be solved in practice.
A model for integrating learning object repository resources into web videoconference services

Reusing Learning Objects saves time and reduces development costs. Hence, achieving their interoperability in multiple contexts is essential when creating a Learning Object Repository. On the other hand, novel web videoconference services are available due to technological advancements. Several benefits can be gained by integrating Learning Objects into these services. For instance, they can allow sharing, co-viewing and synchronized co-browsing of these resources at the same time that provide real time communication. However, several efforts need to be undertaken to achieve the interoperability with these systems. In this paper, we propose a model to integrate the resources of the Learning Object Repositories into web videoconference services. The experience of applying this model in a real e-Learning scenario achieving interoperability with a web videoconference service is also described.
Exact reconstruction in 2D dynamic CT: compensation of time-dependent affine deformations

This work is dedicated to the reduction of reconstruction artefacts due to motion occurring during the acquisition of computerized tomographic projections. This problem has to be solved when imaging moving organs such as the lungs or the heart. The proposed method belongs to the class of motion compensation algorithms, where the model of motion is included in the reconstruction formula. We address two fundamental questions. First what conditions on the deformation are required for the reconstruction of the object from projections acquired sequentially during the deformation, and second how do we reconstruct the object from those projections. Here we answer these questions in the particular case of 2D general time-dependent affine deformations, assuming the motion parameters are known. We treat the problem of admissibility conditions on the deformation in the parallel-beam and fan-beam cases. Then we propose exact reconstruction methods based on rebinning or sequential FBP formulae for each of these geometries and present reconstructed images obtained with the fan-beam algorithm on simulated data.
Effect of Corneal , Scleral and Lamina Cribrosa Elasticity , and Intraocular Pressure on Optic Nerve Damages Match

The eyes are one of our most important sensory organs and the eyes are specialized for the conversion of light into electrochemical signals. Ocular biomechanics play an important role in a significant number of ophthalmic pathologies. Corneal biomechanics is closely related to keratoconus [1] and glaucoma [2], scleral and lamina cribrosa (LC) biomechanics are a contributor to myopia [3] and glaucoma [4]. Material elasticity is a measure of how a material deforms in response to an external stress and literature regarding ex vivo study has shown that the ocular tissue exhibits non linear stress strain behavior such that the elastic angent modulus increases with increasing stress/intraocular pressure [5-11]. The stress strain curve for a nonlinear elastic material is nonlinear and tangent modulus, a measure of the instantaneous rate of change at a specific stress on the nonlinear stress strain curve, should be used instead of the Young’s modulus as a property descriptor of the nonlinear elastic behavior over different stresses (pressures) [12]. The nonlinear behavior of ocular tissue to stress requires a nonlinear structural model that can capture the stiffening induced by the stress at high strains. Optic neuropathy in glaucoma can cause visual field loss and blindness [13,14]. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the major risk factor of glaucoma and used as a screening parameter
Microstructure and Damping Property of the Composite Discontinuous NiTi SMA Thin Films Deposited on PZT Substrate

Discontinuous NiTi SMA thin films were deposited on PZT substrate by magnetron sputtering method with a specially designed pore plate. The microstructure and damping property of the prepared composite were studied with X-Ray diffraction, scanning electric microscopy and dynamic elastic modulus apparatus. It was found that the NiTi SMA thin films with physical dimension of the width of less-than or equal to 2mmand distance between the adjacent thin films of 1mm are of best equiaxed crystal structure after crystallization at 600°C. The damping effect of the composite is still caused by PZT and the damping value is generally lower than that of pure PZT, about 9.9%.
Draft Genome Sequence of Gardnerella vaginalis Strain ATCC 49145 Associated with Bacterial Vaginosis

ABSTRACT Gardnerella vaginalis is a Gram-variable bacterium associated with bacterial vaginosis, a common vaginal inflammation in women of reproductive age. This study reports the whole-genome sequencing for the clinical isolate strain ATCC 49145. The draft genome is composed of 21 contigs containing 1,325 protein-coding sequences, 45 tRNAs and a single tmRNA (SsrA).
Association Study of Polymorphisms in Selenoprotein Genes and Kashin–Beck Disease and Serum Selenium/Iodine Concentration in a Tibetan Population

Background Kashin-Beck disease is a kind of degenerative osteoarthropathy. Genetic factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of KBD. Objective To investigate the association of the selenoprotein genes GPX1 (rs1050450, rs1800668, and rs3811699), TrxR2 (rs5748469), and DIO2 (rs225014) with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in a Tibetan population and to investigate the association of these SNPs with the serum iodine/selenium concentration in the Tibetan population. Design Five SNPs including rs1050450, rs1800668, and rs3811699 in the GPX1 gene, rs5748469 in the TrxR2 gene, and rs225014 in the DIO2 gene were analyzed in Tibetan KBD patients and controls using the SNaPshot method. P trend values of the SNPs were calculated using an additive model. Results None of the five SNPs in the three genes showed a significant association with KBD. Haplotypes TCC, TTC and TTT of rs1050450, rs1800668 and rs3811699 in GPX1 showed a significant association with KBD and controls with P value of 0.0421, 5.0E-4 and 0.0066, respectively. The GPX1 gene (rs1050450) showed a potential significant association with the iodine concentration in the Tibetan study population (P = 0.02726). However, no such association was detected with the selenium concentration (P = 0.2849). Conclusion(s) In this study, we showed that single SNPs in the genes GPX1 (rs1050450, rs1800668 and rs3811699), TrxR2 (rs5748469), and DIO2 (rs225014) may not be significantly associated with KBD in a Tibetan population. However, haplotype analysis of SNPs rs1050450, rs1800668 and rs3811699 in GPX1 gene showed a significant association with KBD. The results suggested that GPX1 gene play a protective role in the susceptivity of KBD in Tibetans. Furthermore, the GPX1 gene (rs1050450) may be significantly associated with the serum iodine concentration in Tibetans.
A Predictive Model of Sinter Chemical Composition and Its Application

It is necessary to predict sinter quality in order to realize optimization of technology parameters in sintering process. A predictive model is proposed by combining hybrid Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model and particle swarm optimization algorithm to predict the quality indexes (FeO content and basicity R) of the finished sinter mineral. The gray relation analysis (GRA) method is used to analyze the factors influencing finished sinter quality. The simulation shows that the method can optimize the structure parameters of the T-S fuzzy model and shorten the learning time. The predictive model was tested by actual industrial data and a relatively satisfactory prediction result was obtained