Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complete solution of optimal PMU placement using reduced exhaustive search

Optimal Phasor Measurement Unit placement (OPP) is an important problem which attempts to And the minimum number of PMUs thereby minimizing cost that will achieve complete system observability. Prominent OPP deterministic algorithms such as integer linear programming (ILP) and exhaustive search (ES) both takes a long time to And the complete set of solutions. This paper presents an optimized version of exhaustive search (ES) algorithm for OPP. The proposed algorithm reduces the search space and the number of computations compared to the traditional ES thus it is named as reduced exhaustive search (RES). Unlike most other OPP methods, ES and RES are capable of enumerating all the possible solutions. Various conditions such as the existence of zero injection buses (ZIB) and n-number of PMU outage are also considered. The aforementioned algorithms are implemented and tested on 9, 14, 24, 30 and 39-bus IEEE test systems using MATLAB. Finally, the results show that the proposed algorithm performed better than ILP and ES in finding all the possible solutions for OPP.
Spatiotemporal and Kinematic Parameters Relating to Oriented Gait and Turn Performance in Patients with Chronic Stroke

Background The timed up and go test (TUG) is a functional test which is increasingly used to evaluate patients with stroke. The outcome measured is usually global TUG performance-time. Assessment of spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters during the Oriented gait and Turn sub-tasks of the TUG would provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying patients’ performance and therefore may help to guide rehabilitation. The aim of this study was thus to determine the spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters which were most related to the walking and turning sub-tasks of TUG performance in stroke patients. Methods 29 stroke patients carried out the TUG test which was recorded using an optoelectronic system in two conditions: spontaneous and standardized condition (standardized foot position and instructed to turn towards the paretic side). They also underwent a clinical assessment. Stepwise regression was used to determine the parameters most related to Oriented gait and Turn sub-tasks. Relationships between explanatory parameters of Oriented gait and Turn performance and clinical scales were evaluated using Spearman correlations. Results Step length and cadence explained 82% to 95% of the variance for the walking sub-tasks in both conditions. Percentage single support phase and contralateral swing phase (depending on the condition) respectively explained 27% and 56% of the variance during the turning sub-task in the spontaneous and standardized conditions. Discussion and Conclusion Step length, cadence, percentage of paretic single support phase and non-paretic swing phase, as well as dynamic stability were the main parameters related to TUG performance and they should be targeted in rehabilitation.
Involvement of the Niacin Receptor GPR109a in the Local Control of Glucose Uptake in Small Intestine of Type 2 Diabetic Mice

Niacin is a popular nutritional supplement known to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases by enhancing high-density lipoprotein levels. Despite such health benefits, niacin impairs fasting blood glucose. In type 2 diabetes (T2DM), an increase in jejunal glucose transport has been well documented; however, this is intriguingly decreased during niacin deficient state. In this regard, the role of the niacin receptor GPR109a in T2DM jejunal glucose transport remains unknown. Therefore, the effects of diabetes and high-glucose conditions on GPR109a expression were studied using jejunal enterocytes of 10-week-old m+/db and db/db mice, as well as Caco-2 cells cultured in 5.6 or 25.2 mM glucose concentrations. Expression of the target genes and proteins were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. Glucose uptake in Caco-2 cells and everted mouse jejunum was measured using liquid scintillation counting. 10-week T2DM increased mRNA and protein expression levels of GPR109a in jejunum by 195.0% and 75.9%, respectively, as compared with the respective m+/db control; high-glucose concentrations increased mRNA and protein expression of GPR109a in Caco-2 cells by 130.2% and 69.0%, respectively, which was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, the enhanced GPR109a expression in jejunal enterocytes of T2DM mice and high-glucose treated Caco-2 cells suggests that GPR109a is involved in elevating intestinal glucose transport observed in diabetes.
Temporal Variation of Atmospheric Fossil and Modern CO2 Excess at a Central European Rural Tower Station between 2008 and 2014

Abstract In 2008, the atmospheric CO2 measurements at the Hegyhátsál rural tower station were extended further by 14CO2 air sampling from two elevations (115 and 10 m a.g.l.), in cooperation with HEKAL (ICER). Since then, a complete six-year-long (2008–2014) dataset of atmospheric CO2, Δ14C, fossil, and modern CO2 excess (relative to Jungfraujoch) has been assembled and evaluated. Based on our results, the annual mean CO2 mole fraction rose at both elevations in this period. The annual mean Δ14CO2 values decreased with a similar average annual decline. Based on our comparison, planetary boundary layer height obtained by modeling has a larger influence on the variation of mole fraction of CO2 (relative to Jungfraujoch), than on its carbon isotopic composition, i.e. the boundary layer rather represents a physical constraint. Fossil fuel CO2 excess at both elevations can rather be observed in wintertime and mainly due to the increased anthropogenic emission of nearby cities in the region. The mean modern CO2 excess at both elevations was even larger in winter, but it drastically decreased at 115 m by summer, while it remained at the winter level at 10 m.
WORKING WITH LAND MANAGERS TO IDENTIFY AND MANAGE POTENTIALSTOPOVER LOCATIONS FOR WHOOPING CRANES

Whooping cranes (Grus americana) of the Aransas-Wood Buffalo Population migrate 4,000 km twice each year between their nesting grounds in northern Canada and their wintering grounds on the Texas Gulf Coast. During migration, whooping cranes must land at suitable ponds or wetlands to feed or rest. The Whooping Crane Recovery Plan calls for the protection and management of whooping crane stopover locations within the migration corridor. While major stopover areas have been protected, many other smaller sites remain to be identified. Moreover, the Recovery Plan offers no specific entity to protect and manage the latter. To address these gaps in information and activity, Friends of the Wild Whoopers engaged with large land-holding entities (military bases and Indian Reservations) within the migration corridor to share information about whooping cranes and their habitat needs and identify suitable stopover sites that could be protected and managed for cranes. This cooperative effort identified up to 177 wetlands/ponds as potential stopover sites on 14 military bases in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, and as many as 1,275 on 6 Indian Reservations in North and South Dakota, with commitments to manage the habitats as resources allow. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN CRANE WORKSHOP 14:126-131
Simulation and Optimization by Quantifier Elimination

We present a highly optimized method for the elimination of linear variables from a Boolean combination of polynomial equations and inequalities. In contrast to the basic method described earlier, the practical applicability of the present method goes far beyond academic examples. The optimization is achieved by various strategies to prune superfluous branches in the elimination tree constructed by the method.The main application concerns the simulation of large technical networks of (electric, mechanical or hydraulic) components, whose characteristic curves are piecewise linear (or quadratic) in the variables to be eliminated. Typical goals are the computation of admissible ranges for certain variables and the detection of a malfunction of a network component. The algorithms are currently used in a commercial software system for industrial applications.Moreover, we extend the author's elimination method for parametric linear programming to the non-convex case by allowing arbitraryand? orcombinations of parametric linear inequalities as constraints. We present a new strategy for finding smaller elimination sets and thus smaller elimination trees for parametric linear programming. Some benchmark examples from thenetliblibrary oflpproblems show the significance of this strategy even for convex linear programming problems.
Construction of trypanosome artificial mini-chromosomes.

We report the preparation of two linear constructs which, when transformed into the procyclic form of Trypanosoma brucei, become stably inherited artificial mini-chromosomes. Both of the two constructs, one of 10 kb and the other of 13 kb, contain a T.brucei PARP promoter driving a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. In the 10 kb construct the CAT gene is followed by one hygromycin phosphotransferase (Hph) gene, and in the 13 kb construct the CAT gene is followed by three tandemly linked Hph genes. At each end of these linear molecules are telomere repeats and subtelomeric sequences. Electroporation of these linear DNA constructs into the procyclic form of T.brucei generated hygromycin-B resistant cell lines. In these cell lines, the input DNA remained linear and bounded by the telomere ends, but it increased in size. In the cell lines generated by the 10 kb construct, the input DNA increased in size to 20-50 kb. In the cell lines generated by the 13 kb constructs, two sizes of linear DNAs containing the input plasmid were detected: one of 40-50 kb and the other of 150 kb. The increase in size was not the result of in vivo tandem repetitions of the input plasmid, but represented the addition of new sequences. These Hph containing linear DNA molecules were maintained stably in cell lines for at least 20 generations in the absence of drug selection and were subsequently referred to as trypanosome artificial mini-chromosomes, or TACs.
Evaluation of the Effect of Metformin and Insulin in Hyperglycemia Treatment after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in Nondiabetic Patients

Introduction: Insulin therapy is the most commonly used treatment for controlling hyperglycemia after coronary artery bypass surgery in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Metformin has been indicated for critically ill patients as an alternate for the treatment of hyperglycemia. This study evaluated the effect of metformin and insulin in hyperglycemia treatment after coronary artery bypass surgery in nondiabetic patients. Settings and Design: This study was a clinical trial comprising nondiabetic patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery. Patients were randomly divided into the insulin group and the metformin group. Methods: Patients in the insulin group received continuous infusion of insulin while those in the metformin group received 500 mg metformin tablets twice daily. All the patients were followed up for 3 days after stabilization of blood glucose levels. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and Mann–Whitney U-test. Results: This study included a total of 56 patients. During the study period, the mean blood glucose levels decreased from 225.24 to 112.36 mg/dl (↓112.88 mg/dl) in the insulin group and from 221.80 to 121.92 mg/dl in the metformin group (↓99.88 mg/dl). There was no significant difference in the blood glucose levels of the patients between the two groups at any measurement times (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Using 500 mg metformin twice daily is similar to using insulin in nondiabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft. Therefore, the use of metformin can be considered as a treatment strategy for controlling hyperglycemia in this group of patients.
Oxygenated Carotenoid Lutein and Progression of Early Atherosclerosis: The Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study

Background—Carotenoids are hypothesized to explain some of the protective effects of fruit and vegetable intake on risk of cardiovascular disease. The present study assessed the protective effects of the oxygenated carotenoid lutein against early atherosclerosis. Methods and Results—Epidemiology: Progression of intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid arteries over 18 months was determined ultrasonographically and was related to plasma lutein among a randomly sampled cohort of utility employees age 40 to 60 years (n=480). Coculture: The impact of lutein on monocyte response to artery wall cell modification of LDL was assessed in vitro by quantification of monocyte migration in a coculture model of human intima. Mouse models: The impact of lutein supplementation on atherosclerotic lesion formation was assessed in vivo by assigning apoE-null mice to chow or chow plus lutein (0.2% by weight) and LDL receptor-null mice to Western diet or Western diet plus lutein. IMT progression declined with increasing quintile of plasma lutein (P for trend=0.007, age-adjusted;P =0.0007, multivariate). Covariate-adjusted IMT progression (mean±SEM) was 0.021±0.005 mm in the lowest quintile of plasma lutein, whereas progression was blocked in the highest quintile (0.004±0.005 mm;P =0.01). In the coculture, pretreatment of cells with lutein inhibited LDL-induced migration in a dose-dependent manner (P <0.05). Finally, in the mouse models, lutein supplementation reduced lesion size 44% in apoE-null mice (P =0.009) and 43% in LDL receptor-null mice (P =0.02). Conclusions—These epidemiological, in vitro, and mouse model findings support the hypothesis that increased dietary intake of lutein is protective against the development of early atherosclerosis.
Central sympathetic inhibition by mineralocorticoid receptor but not angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade: are prescribed doses too low?

See related article, pp 319–325 Chronic sympathetic hyperactivity, characteristic of the majority of patients with hypertension or heart failure, can contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality via a number of actions. Pharmacological strategies to prevent these adverse effects have had variable success. β-Blockers clearly benefit patients with heart failure but have less definitive effects in patients with hypertension, whereas α1-blockers or centrally acting agents have shown mixed results, and all of these classes can cause bothersome adverse effects. Device-based approaches, such as baroreflex activation therapy and renal denervation, have been shown to lower sympathetic activity in patients with hypertension, but beneficial actions on cardiovascular outcomes have yet to be demonstrated. So, where do the central nervous system (CNS) actions of angiotensin II (Ang II), aldosterone, and, hence, Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blockers fit in? Experimental studies have demonstrated that both circulating Ang II and aldosterone act within the CNS to cause sympatho-excitation and raise blood pressure.1,2 Ang II stimulates AT1 receptors in nuclei of the lamina terminalis and thereby activates mainly angiotensinergic pathways to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and rostral ventrolateral medulla. Circulating Ang II, in addition, activates an MR-endogenous ouabain pathway. This slowly acting, neuromodulatory pathway appears responsible for most of the persistent neuronal activation in, for example, the PVN, and the progressive hypertension induced by circulating Ang II. Studies using central infusions of an aldosterone synthase inhibitor suggest that the CNS MR activation by Ang II largely depends on locally produced aldosterone rather than circulation-derived aldosterone.1 However, the progressive hypertension caused by a chronic increase in circulating aldosterone can also be prevented by specific CNS blockade of either MR or AT1 receptors,2 suggesting that both circulating aldosterone and Ang II may activate …
Diagnosis and management of adult coeliac disease: guidelines from the British Society of Gastroenterology

A multidisciplinary panel of 18 physicians and 3 non-physicians from eight countries (Sweden, UK, Argentina, Australia, Italy, Finland, Norway and the USA) reviewed the literature on diagnosis and management of adult coeliac disease (CD). This paper presents the recommendations of the British Society of Gastroenterology. Areas of controversies were explored through phone meetings and web surveys. Nine working groups examined the following areas of CD diagnosis and management: classification of CD; genetics and immunology; diagnostics; serology and endoscopy; follow-up; gluten-free diet; refractory CD and malignancies; quality of life; novel treatments; patient support; and screening for CD.
Appearance of Fractal Cord Patterns in Numerical Calculation of Magnetically Anisotropic Material

A cord pattern, where magnetic flux density distribution is separated into strong and weak parts like the magnetic domain, appears in magnetic anisotropic numerical calculation results. It is obtained in the strong magnetic anisotropic material. The same cord patterns are also found in the measured magnetic domain structure. Fractal structure of the cord patterns is also observed through the partial enlargement of the calculated cord patterns. The similar cord pattern resembled to the magnetically numerical calculation is also obtained in the structural numerical analysis of the metal crystal level. The fractal cord patterns emerge as a fundamental characteristic of anisotropy in numerical calculation and in physical observations.
Selective Insulin Action on Skin, Ovary, and Heart in Insulin-Resistant States

States of hyperinsulinemia with resistance to insulin action on glucose disposal are frequently associated with proliferative tissue abnormalities of the skin (acanthosis nigricans), ovary, and heart. That insulin may be involved in the pathogenesis of these growth-related abnormalities despite resistance to its metabolic effects mediated through the insulin receptor issuggested by the known ability of high concentrations of insulin to stimulate DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in vitro through the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptor. IGF-I receptors are present in skin keratinocytes, some ovarian tissue compartments, and in the heart. Furthermore, ovarian tissue from hyperinsulinemic insulin-resistant women responds to supraphysiologic insulin concentrations in vitro by enhanced steroidogenesis. Cultured, transformed T-lymphocytes from an infant with leprechaunism fail to augment basalcolony formation in response to physiologic insulin concentrations in vitro (compared to a doubling seen in normal subjects), but respond normally to supraphysiologic insulin concentrations, the effect of which is competitively inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to the IGF-I receptor. Thus, insulin action mediated through the IGF-I receptor may initiate growth-promoting tissue effects in the face of limited insulin effect on glucose metabolism. Such spillover actions may add to the morbidity associated with states of clinical insulin resistance.
Lineage analysis of the avian dermomyotome sheet reveals the existence of single cells with both dermal and muscle progenitor fates

The dermomyotome develops into myotome and dermis. We previously showed that overall growth of the dermomyotome and myotome in the mediolateral direction occurs in a uniform pattern. While myofibers arise from all four dermomyotome lips, the dermis derives from both medial and lateral halves of the dermomyotome sheet. Here we mapped the fate of this epithelial sheet by analyzing cell types that arise from its central region. We found that these precursors give rise not only to dermis, as expected, but also to a population of proliferating progenitors in the myotome that maintain expression of PAX7, PAX3 and FREK. Given this dual fate, we asked whether single dermomyotome precursors generate both dermal and mitotic myoblast precursors, or alternatively, whether these cell types derive from distinct epithelial founders. Inovo clonal analysis revealed that single dermomyotome progenitors give rise to both derivatives. This is associated with a sharp change in the plane of cell division from the young epithelium, in which symmetrical divisions occur parallel to the mediolateral plane of the dermomyotome, to the dissociating dermomyotome, in which cell divisions become mostly perpendicular. Taken together with clonal analysis of the dermomyotome sheet, this suggests that a first stage of progenitor self-renewal, accounting for dermomyotomal expansion, is followed by fate segregation, which correlates with the observed shift in mitotic spindle orientation.
The research on factors of the distance learners' motivation

By literature review, five categories of factors were found to impact the distance learners' motivation. Then explore the relationship between academic motivation and it's impact factors, as well as how the factors can predict the academic motivation level of distance learners. This study was to investigate the level of distance learner's academic motivation and what kinds of factors impact it. Finally, some suggestions are made to improve academic motivation for the distance learners.
Analysis of angle error extraction method based on a reconfigurable antenna array with asymmetric structure

In order to meet the requirements for reconfiguration and multi-polarization, an array with seven subarrays is designed. The subarray has a shape of regular hexagon, and contains two orthogonal polarization feed ports. The angel error extraction method for this asymmetric array is discussed. After regrouping and weighting of subarrays, the sum and difference beams can be obtained in simulation. And then the angle error curves under multi-polarization are got. The results show that there are consistent trend and good linearity of various polarization types. Due to the geometry property of array, the directional slope of pitch greater than the value of azimuth.
Noninvasive Molecular Imaging of Disease Activity in Atherosclerosis

Major focus has been placed on the identification of vulnerable plaques as a means of improving the prediction of myocardial infarction. However, this strategy has recently been questioned on the basis that the majority of these individual coronary lesions do not in fact go on to cause clinical events. Attention is, therefore, shifting to alternative imaging modalities that might provide a more complete pan-coronary assessment of the atherosclerotic disease process. These include markers of disease activity with the potential to discriminate between patients with stable burnt-out disease that is no longer metabolically active and those with active atheroma, faster disease progression, and increased risk of infarction. This review will examine how novel molecular imaging approaches can provide such assessments, focusing on inflammation and microcalcification activity, the importance of these processes to coronary atherosclerosis, and the advantages and challenges posed by these techniques.