Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Burnishing and Electrofinishing in Screw Surface Polishing

The current study discusses the surface finish of several common die materials, of which the screw-surface is finished by compound processes of electrochemical finishing and burnishing. The burnishing-tool uses ceramic material connected with the electrode and moves, following the electrode, to burnish the workpiece. In the experiment, the electrode is used with a continuous and pulsed direct current. The results show that the use of a higher rotational speed for the electrode and burnishing-tool is advantageous to the finish. A partial form with a thinner heavy section performs the best finish effect in the current investigation. Pulsed direct current can slightly improve the finish effect. The burnishing process can increase the finish effect. An effective and low-cost finish processes through burnishing assistance following electrochemical finishing after screw machining offers a fast improvement for the surface roughness of the screw-surface and is a new application in the screw finishing process.
A buckling region in locust hindlegs contains resilin and absorbs energy when jumping or kicking goes wrong

SUMMARY If a hindleg of a locust slips during jumping, or misses its target during kicking, energy generated by the two extensor tibiae muscles is no longer expended in raising the body or striking a target. How, then, is the energy in a jump (4100–4800 μJ) or kick (1700 μJ) dissipated? A specialised buckling region found in the proximal hind-tibia where the bending moment is high, but not present in the other legs, buckled and allowed the distal part of the tibia to extend. In jumps when a hindleg slipped, it bent by a mean of 23±14 deg at a velocity of 13.4±9.5 deg ms–1; in kicks that failed to contact a target it bent by 32±16 deg at a velocity of 32.9±9.5 deg ms–1. It also buckled 8.5±4.0 deg at a rate of 0.063±0.005 deg ms–1 when the tibia was prevented from flexing fully about the femur in preparation for both these movements. By experimentally buckling this region through 40 deg at velocities of 0.001–0.65 deg ms–1, we showed that one hindleg could store about 870 μJ on bending, of which 210 μJ was dissipated back to the leg on release. A band of blue fluorescence was revealed at the buckling region under UV illumination that had the two key signatures of the elastic protein resilin. A group of campaniform sensilla 300 μm proximal to the buckling region responded to imposed buckling movements. The features of the buckling region show that it can act as a shock absorber as proposed previously when jumping and kicking movements go wrong.
Neonatal vitamin D status from archived dried blood spots and future risk of fractures in childhood: results from the D-tect study, a population-based case-cohort study.

Background: Whether antenatal and neonatal vitamin D status have clinical relevance in fracture prevention has not been examined extensively, although observational studies indicate that fetal life may be a sensitive period in relation to bone growth and mineralization during childhood.Objective: We examined whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] concentrations in stored neonatal dried blood spot (DBS) samples are associated with pediatric fracture risk. We hypothesized that in particular, low neonatal vitamin D status may be a risk factor for fracture incidence among children.Design: In a register-based case-cohort study design, the case group was composed of 1039 individuals who were randomly selected from a total of 82,154 individuals who were born during 1989-1999 and admitted to a Danish hospital with a fracture of the forearm, wrist, scaphoid bone, clavicle, or ankle at age 6-13 y. The subcohort was composed of 1600 individuals randomly selected from all Danish children born during 1989-1999. The neonatal 25(OH)D3 concentrations in DBS samples were assessed by using highly sensitive chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Results: The mean ± SD 25(OH)D3 concentration for all subjects was 27.7 ± 18.9 nmol/L [median (IQR): 23.5 nmol/L (13.3, 37.3 nmol/L)] and showed significant monthly variation (P < 0.0001) with the highest values in July and August. Individuals in the middle quintile of neonatal 25(OH)D3 had lower odds of sustaining a fracture than did those in the lowest quintile (adjusted OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.96), but a global test did not show any significant overall association (adjusted P = 0.13). Conclusions: This study suggested that neonatal vitamin D status does not influence subsequent fracture risk in childhood. This is in accordance with studies that report no association between antenatal maternal vitamin D status and childhood fractures. Further studies are needed to examine fracture risk in relation to prenatal vitamin D status in a randomized controlled setting.
Methodology for propagating technology trade-offs over memory modules to the application level

In this paper we show how to exploit energy-delay trade-offs that exist due to the different options for the technology parameters for the implementation of interconnect wires. We also evaluate how these trade-offs can be propagated to the memory module level, so we can minimise the power consumption of the entire memory organisation. Our approach is that at future technology nodes the delay problem can be handled at the application level, so given any delay slack obtained there, we can exploit it to make the interconnect wires slower and thus less energy consuming. We have shown that for real-life applications the power consumption can be reduced by about 34%, when compared to the option provided by the ITRS roadmap, while meeting the real-time constraints.
Serum pyridinoline as a specific marker of collagen breakdown and bone metabolism in hemodialysis patients

Type I collagen represents more than 90% of bone matrix. Quantitative analysis of collagen cross‐link molecules such as pyridinoline (PYD) provides valuable information on bone resorption rate. We have studied 37 hemodialysis patients who underwent a systematic transiliac bone biopsy for histomorphometry study. Eighteen of them had tetracycline double labeling, allowing to determine dynamic, in addition to static bone parameters. Measurement of serum‐free PYD was performed using a new competitive enzyme immunoassay. Serum PYD values were compared with those of three other serum markers of bone metabolism, namely intact PTH (iPTH), bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (bAP), and osteocalcin, for the correlations with bone histomorphometric parameters. Serum PYD levels (mean ± SD) were significantly higher in dialysis patients than in normal individuals, 90.6 ± 99.6 nM versus 1.9 ± 0.4 nM, respectively. Patients with high turnover bone disease had significantly higher serum PYD levels than patients with normal or low bone turnover, 108.8 ± 108.0 nM versus 34.1 ± 12.8 nM, respectively. Serum PYD levels were positively correlated with bone resorption parameters including osteoclast surface (r = 0.59, p < 0.0001) and osteoclast number/mm2 (r = 0.61, p < 0.0001), and also with bone formation parameters, osteoblast surface (r = 0.43, p < 0.008), double‐labeled surface (r = 0.81, p < 0.001), and BFR (r = 0.91, p < 0.0001). The BFR was better correlated with serum PYD levels than with either serum iPTH or osteocalcin concentrations. However, correlation with serum bAP was comparable. Serum cross‐linked type I carboxy‐terminal telopeptide (ICTP) and type I carboxy‐terminal extension peptide (PICP) levels were also significantly increased in both groups of dialysis patients but they did not correlate with any of the bone turnover parameters. In conclusion, PYD, which is a specific serum marker of collagen breakdown, provides valuable information on bone turnover in hemodialysis patients.
On the Two Faces of Deontics: Semantic Betterness and Syntactic Priority

This paper looks at deontic logic as resulting from both a betterness ordering on states (i.e., a ‘deontic preference’) and a priority ordering on properties (i.e., a ‘law’ explicitly representing a standard of behavior). The correspondence between these two orderings offers a rich perspective from which to look at deontic scenarios and puzzles, and in particular at contrary-to-duties. The framework naturally lends itself to describing dynamics involving both orderings, thereby providing a new analysis of norm change as ‘betterness change’.
Single and Multi-View Reconstruction of Structured Scenes

We present a method for reconstruction of structured scenes from one or more views, in which the user provides image points and geometric knowledge -coplanarity, ratios of distances, angles- about the corresponding 3D points. First, the geometric information is analyzed. Then vanishing points are estimated, from which camera calibration is obtained. Finally, an algebraic method gives the reconstruction. Our algebraic reconstruction method improves the present state-of-the-art in many aspects : geometric knowledge includes not only planarity and alignment information, but also known ratios of lengths. The single and multipleview cases are treated in the same way and the method detects whether the input data is sufficient to define a rigid reconstruction. We benchmark, using synthetic data, the various steps of the estimation process and show reconstructions obtained from real-world situations in which other methods would fail. We also present a new method for maximum likelihood estimation of vanishing points.
Activation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Leads to Reciprocal Epigenetic Regulation of FoxP3 and IL-17 Expression and Amelioration of Experimental Colitis

Background Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a transcription factor of the bHLH/PAS family, is well characterized to regulate the biochemical and toxic effects of environmental chemicals. More recently, AhR activation has been shown to regulate the differentiation of Foxp3+ Tregs as well as Th17 cells. However, the precise mechanisms are unclear. In the current study, we investigated the effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a potent AhR ligand, on epigenetic regulation leading to altered Treg/Th17 differentiation, and consequent suppression of colitis. Methodology/Principal Findings Dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) administration induced acute colitis in C57BL/6 mice, as shown by significant weight loss, shortening of colon, mucosal ulceration, and increased presence of CXCR3+ T cells as well as inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, a single dose of TCDD (25 µg/kg body weight) was able to attenuate all of the clinical and inflammatory markers of colitis. Analysis of T cells in the lamina propria (LP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), during colitis, revealed decreased presence of Tregs and increased induction of Th17 cells, which was reversed following TCDD treatment. Activation of T cells from AhR+/+ but not AhR -/- mice, in the presence of TCDD, promoted increased differentiation of Tregs while inhibiting Th17 cells. Analysis of MLN or LP cells during colitis revealed increased methylation of CpG islands of Foxp3 and demethylation of IL-17 promoters, which was reversed following TCDD treatment. Conclusions/Significance These studies demonstrate for the first time that AhR activation promotes epigenetic regulation thereby influencing reciprocal differentiation of Tregs and Th17 cells, and amelioration of inflammation.
Guava defect detection using hyperspectral imaging with fluorescent light source

Hyperspectral imaging with spectral region of 400nm to 1000nm has been built for guava defect detection. Fluorescent light was chosen as the light source for image acquisition. Due to the low reflectance spectrum of fluorescent light source in infrared region, analysis was carried out in visible region with spectral from 431nm to 642nm. Image captured in this experiment shown uneven illumination where half of the fruit has brighter area. Hyperspectral image was evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA) in order to select several wavelengths that could potentially be used in multispectral imaging system. Individual image was built with selected wavelengths and each image was went through thresholding. Dilation and erosion was applied to individual image and image combination was done to segment out the defect areas. Experiment shown that multispectral imaging is possible been built up by selecting the most contribution wavelength from hyperspectral imaging. Algorithm in this experiment could be further improved with the study of morphology operation in order to get the actual defects size.
Measure of change: The adjectival core of degree achievements

Linguística Revista de Estudos Linguísticos da Universidade do Porto Vol. 5 2010, pp. 235-239 1 Este termo, que ocorre em Dowty (1979) é, de certa forma, enganador, na medida em que os “degree achievements” não são, de facto, “achievements”, mas “accomplishments” ou actividades (na terminologia de Vendler, 1957), consoante a leitura em questão. 2 Compare-se (a) com (b): (a) The soup cooled in ten minutes. – um evento télico (b) The soup cooled for ten minutes. – um evento atélico (Kennedy e Levin, 2008:157) Christopher KENNEDY e Beth LEVIN. Measure of change: The adjectival core of degree achievements [Louise McNally e Christopher Kennedy, eds., Adjectives and Adverbs: Syntax, Semantics and Discourse]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008, pp.156-182. ISBN: 978-0-19-921162-3
Template-based mesh completion

Meshes generated by range scanners and other acquisition tools are often incomplete and typically contain multiple connected components with irregular boundaries and complex holes. This paper introduces a robust algorithm for completion of such meshes using a mapping between the incomplete mesh and a template model. The mapping is computed using a novel framework for bijective parameterization of meshes with gaps and holes. We employ this mapping to correctly glue together the components of the input mesh and to close the holes. The template is used to fill in the topological and geometric information missing in the input. The completed models are guaranteed to have the same topology as the template. Furthermore, if no appropriate template exists or if only topologically correct completion is required a standard canonical shape can be used as a template. As part of our completion method we propose a boundary-mapping technique useful for mesh editing operations such as merging, blending, and detail transfer. We demonstrate that by using this technique we can automatically perform complex editing operations that previously required a large amount of user interaction.
Self-Sharpening Abrasive Composite Bulks with PCBN Grains

Abrasive composite bulks consisting of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) grains, Cu-Sn-Ti alloy and graphite particles were sintered at the heating temperature of 920 °C for the dwell time of 30 min. The bending strength of abrasive composite bulks was measured. The interfacial microstructure and the phases were characterized. In addition, the dressing experiment was carried out to detect the self-sharpening behavior of the composite bulks. Results obtained show that the abrasive composite bulks in this investigation give higher bending strength than that of the vitrified abrasive wheels. The compounds of TiN, TiB2 were formed and the PCBN grains were embedded firmly. Strong fixing of the bulks to the PCBN grains led to the breakage of the PCBN grains when the abrasive composite bulks fractured. The intergranular fracture mode of the PCBN grains ensured the self-sharpening effect of the grains.
Descemet's stripping with endothelial keratoplasty in 50 eyes: a refractive neutral corneal transplant.

PURPOSE To evaluate early visual and refractive outcomes following treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunction with a corneal transplantation technique, Descemet's stripping with endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK). METHODS Visual and refractive outcomes of the first 50 consecutive cases of DSEK performed by a single surgeon between December 2003 and July 2004 were analyzed retrospectively. The DSEK technique consisted of stripping Descemet's membrane and endothelium from a recipient cornea and transplanting the posterior stroma and endothelium of a donor cornea through a 5-mm incision. RESULTS Results are reported for 50 eyes in 47 patients (30 women and 17 men). Mean patient age at surgery was 70 +/- 12 years (range: 34 to 89 years). Five eyes were treated for corneal edema or bullous keratopathy and 45 for Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy. Seven eyes were phakic and 43 were pseudophakic. Six months after surgery, mean manifest cylinder was 1.5 +/- 0.94 diopters (D), unchanged from preoperative cylinder of 1.5 +/- 1.0 D. Mean manifest spherical equivalent refraction was 0.15 +/- 1.5 D at 6-month follow-up compared with -0.36 +/- 1.4 D preoperatively (P = .10) At 3- and 6-month follow-up, significant improvement was noted in mean best spectacle-corrected visual acuity compared with the preoperative mean of 20/100 (P = .007). At 6-month follow-up, 31 (62%) eyes refracted to > or = 20/40 and 38 (76%) eyes saw > or = 20/50. CONCLUSIONS Compared to standard penetrating keratoplasty, DSEK causes minimal refractive change and provides rapid visual recovery for patients with endothelial dysfunction. This technique maintains the structural integrity of the cornea by preserving the recipient's epithelium, Bowman's layer, and entire stromal thickness.
Research on laser diode end-pumped Er:YSGG/YSGG composited crystal at 2.79 μm

Lasers at 2.79 μm emitted by Er:YSGG crystal have attracted considerable interest in biological and medical applications. However, due to the thermal effect of laser crystal, the output power has been limited. In this paper, the advantages of Er:YSGG/YSGG composite crystal in reducing thermal effects and achieving high output power are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The numerical results show that the temperature rising and total thermal deformation of Er:YSGG/YSGG composite crystal are evidently reduced because the undoped YSGG absorbs the heat generated from the Er:YSGG. The maximum temperature rising reduces with increasing of the length of undoped YSGG crystal, and its location moves from the pump face to the inside of the Er:YSGG. The optical path difference of the Er:YSGG/YSGG composite crystal is obviously reduced comparing with that of Er:YSGG crystal, which indicates the thermal focal length of the Er:YSGG/YSGG composite crystal is increased, and the thermal effects are reduced. In experiments, the maximum continuous wave output power of 900 mW with slope efficiency of 12.1% at wavelength of 2.79 μm is obtained in laser diode end pumped Er:YSGG/YSGG crystal. To our knowledge, the output power of Er:YSGG/YSGG crystal is the highest value for the laser diode end pumped Er:YSGG crystal. The thermal focal length of the Er:YSGG/YSGG measured in experiment is increased comparing with that of Er:YSGG. Investigations have demonstrated that the Er:YSGG/YSGG composite crystal has a great advantage in reducing the influence of thermal effects and achieving high output power.
An inverted polymer photovoltaic cell with increased air stability obtained by employing novel hole/electron collecting layers

In this work, an inverted device was fabricated using titania (TiO2) as the electron collecting layer (ECL) and sulfonated poly(diphenylamine) (SPDPA) as the hole collecting layer (HCL). Smooth TiO2 film with good electron collecting ability was easily formed using the spin-coating process. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) was 3.91%, the same as that of a conventional device. This inverted device is ascertained to maintain 2.82% PCE after 400 h of air-storage. Because of the appropriate work functions of ECL and HCL, the interfaces at the active layer have the ohmic contacts those approach the ideal value of open circuit voltage. SPDPA helps improve the interfacial dipole effect between the active layer and the metal, as verified by in-situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopic data.
Measurement of transition shape, width, and total magnetic spacing

Measurement of the harmonics of low-frequency all-ones patterns and the shield-to-shield read gap are used here to reconstruct the spacing, the isolated transition shape, and the width parameter for longitudinal recording. For perpendicular, the media thickness parameters and data at two spacings are needed to accurately determine the spacing and width parameter. The -90% to +90% transition shapes fits well to a tanh(x/a) shape for longitudinal and perpendicular recording.
Relationship between evolving epileptiform activity and delayed loss of mitochondrial activity after asphyxia measured by near‐infrared spectroscopy in preterm fetal sheep

Early onset cerebral hypoperfusion after birth is highly correlated with neurological injury in premature infants, but the relationship with the evolution of injury remains unclear. We studied changes in cerebral oxygenation, and cytochrome oxidase (CytOx) using near‐infrared spectroscopy in preterm fetal sheep (103–104 days of gestation, term is 147 days) during recovery from a profound asphyxial insult (n= 7) that we have shown produces severe subcortical injury, or sham asphyxia (n= 7). From 1 h after asphyxia there was a significant secondary fall in carotid blood flow (P < 0.001), and total cerebral blood volume, as reflected by total haemoglobin (P < 0.005), which only partially recovered after 72 h. Intracerebral oxygenation (difference between oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin concentrations) fell transiently at 3 and 4 h after asphyxia (P < 0.01), followed by a substantial increase to well over sham control levels (P < 0.001). CytOx levels were normal in the first hour after occlusion, was greater than sham control values at 2–3 h (P < 0.05), but then progressively fell, and became significantly suppressed from 10 h onward (P < 0.01). In the early hours after reperfusion the fetal EEG was highly suppressed, with a superimposed mixture of fast and slow epileptiform transients; overt seizures developed from 8 ± 0.5 h. These data strongly indicate that severe asphyxia leads to delayed, evolving loss of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, accompanied by late seizures and relative luxury perfusion. In contrast, the combination of relative cerebral deoxygenation with evolving epileptiform transients in the early recovery phase raises the possibility that these early events accelerate or worsen the subsequent mitochondrial failure.
Connectionist Models and Linguistic Theory: Investigations of Stress Systems in Language

We question the widespread assumption that linguistic theory should guide the formulation of mechanistic accounts of human language processing. We develop a pseudo-linguistic theory for the domain of linguistic stress, based on observation of the learning behavior of a perceptron exposed to a variety of stress patterns. There are significant similarities between our analysis of perceptron stress learning and metrical phonology, the linguistic theory of human stress. Both approaches attempt to identify salient characteristics of the stress systems under examination without reference to the workings of the underlying processor. Our theory and computer simulations exhibit some strikingly suggestive correspondences with metrical theory. We show, however, that our high-level pseudo-linguistic account bears no causal relation to processing in the perceptron, and provides little insight into the nature of this processing. Because of the persuasive similarities between the nature of our theory and linguistic theorizing, we suggest that linguistic theory may be in much the same position. Contrary to the usual assumption, it may not provide useful guidance in attempts to identify processing mechanisms underlying human language.