Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sway analysis and fall prediction method based on spatio-temporal sliding window technique

As people age, they become more fragile and exhibit difficulties in maintaining their gait and balance. Their state of fragility increases their vulnerability to fall incidents. Various analysis methods were developed to detect the abnormality of human gait and balance, and estimate the risk of falling. In this paper, we present a method to estimate the falling risk and alert the patient when a fall is about to happen. The proposed method consists in monitoring and analyzing the amount of sway of the center of mass in the medial-lateral plane by computing the center of pressure displacement at the foot plantar surface. Our proposed method uses the spatio-temporal sliding window processing to generate fall alarms and estimate the falling risk. The method was validated via a two-phase experimental protocol with five young adults who performed a walk of 20 stances with simulated sways using an instrumented shoe with resistive pressure sensors. The threshold of the normal walk THN and the risk level RL of the altered walk are determined as well as the risk of falling. The method can be applied in real-life and clinical settings with real-time processing.
Small‐angle scattering applications to materials science

The review describes results of the last three or four years from the application of both X-ray and neutron small-angle scattering (SAS) to problems in the general field of materials science. A wide range of topics has been covered including phase separation in binary and ternary systems (early stages as well as the determination of the metastable miscibility gap), density and concentration fluctuations in single-phase systems, and studies of various structural defects such as voids, radiation damage, dislocations, and surfaces and interfaces. The interaction between magnetic moments and neutrons has made possible SAS research on the long-range interaction of spins in complicated magnetic systems and flux-line studies in type-II superconductors, and this work is also reviewed.
A low complexity IPTS-based Extended Split-Radix IFFT for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems

The Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) method with low computation complexity, called decomposition PTS sub-blocking was proposed which employs the radix-2 inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) for the signals at the middle stages of an N-point radix-2 IFFT and decimation in frequency (DIF) domain. This method (DIF-IFFT) can reduce the computation complexity relatively with keeping the better PAPR performance similar to other PTS techniques with using the same weighting factor. To improve computation complexity for the PTS method, the Extended Split-Radix inverse fast Fourier transform (SRIFFT) which can reduces the number of computation complexity was proposed. However, the PAPR reduction performance is the same as that for the radix-2 method. In this paper, we propose a new weighting factor technique in conjunction with DIF-PTS sub-blocking based on Extended Split-Radix IFFT technique called Improve PTS (I-PTS) which can improve both the PAPR performance and computation complexity without any increasing of side information. This paper presents the various computer simulation results to verify the effectiveness of proposed method.
Bandpass-to-Bandstop Reconfigurable Tunable Filters with Frequency and Bandwidth Controls

A novel method is proposed for designing bandpass-to-bandstop reconfigurable tunable filters. The proposed method employs standard bandpass and bandstop design theory which does not require complex coupling synthesizing process, and can be applied for arbitrary-order bandpass-to-bandstop reconfigurable filters with both frequency and bandwidth control. Second-order and third-order bandpass-to-bandstop reconfigurable filters from 2 to 2.7 GHz were built to demonstrate the proposed method. The filters offer wide frequency and bandwidth tuning flexibility in both bandpass and bandstop modes, and occupy an area smaller than 20 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times20$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm on a substrate with relative dielectric constant <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon _{r}= 10.8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> substrate. Theory and measured results are presented with good agreement.
Essential role of Wnt5a‐Ror1/Ror2 signaling in metanephric mesenchyme and ureteric bud formation

Spatiotemporally regulated interaction between the metanephric mesenchyme (MM) and Wolffian duct (WD) is essential for the induction of a single ureteric bud (UB). The MM then interacts with the tip of the UB to induce outgrowth and branching of the UB, which in turn promotes growth of the adjacent MM. The Ror family receptor tyrosine kinases, Ror1 and Ror2, have been shown to act as receptors for Wnt5a to mediate noncanonical Wnt signaling. Previous studies have shown that Ror2‐mutant mice exhibit ectopic formation of the UB, due to abnormal juxtaposition of the MM to the WD. We show here that both Ror1 and Ror2 are expressed in the mesenchyme between the MM and WD during UB formation. Although Ror1‐mutant mice show no apparent defects in UB formation, Ror1;Ror2‐double‐mutant mice exhibit either defects in UB outgrowth and branching morphogenesis, associated with the loss of the MM from the UB domain, or ectopic formation of the UB. We also show genetic interactions between Ror1 and Wnt5a during UB formation. These findings suggest that Wnt5a‐Ror1/Ror2 signaling regulates cooperatively the formation of the MM at the proper position to ensure normal development of the UB.
Vibration Characteristics of Rotating Sandwich Beams Filled with Electrorheological Fluids

Dynamic modeling and vibration characteristics of a rotating sandwich beam filled with an electrorheological (ER) materials layer are investigated in this study. The stress—strain relationship for the ER fluids is described by a complex shear modulus using linear visco-elasticity theory. A dynamic equation of the rotating ER beam is derived based on Hamilton's principle. The coupling and nonlinear equation is discretized and solved by the finite element method (FEM). The influence of various electric field strengths and rotating speeds on the natural frequencies and damping loss factors of the rotating ER beam are presented. The amplitudes of vibration at different operation conditions are compared. The results obtained indicate that significant vibration attenuation is achieved as the electric field is increased at different rotating speeds, and demonstrate the feasibility of using the ER fluids to control the vibration of the rotating beam.
Enhancing the Performance of Cluster-based Networks through Energy Efficient MISO Techniques

Network clustering has been proposed as an efficient approach for addressing the problems arising from the continually increasing network density. Beside the congestion relieving and the coverage extension, cluster-based networks provide considerable energy savings, improving the sustainability of low-power networks. It has been shown that the energy efficiency and the network reliability are further enhanced by allowing the devices within a cluster to establish a communication link to the infrastructure through more than one cluster-heads (CHs). The performance improvement due to the diversity gain is important, but it may come at the cost of additional complexity, since the CHs have to continuously estimate the channel state information (CSI) for each device requiring access grant. In this paper, we are presenting an alternative scheme, aiming at reducing the hardware complexity by avoiding the CSI estimations, while maintaining the benefits from the CH selection scheme. The benefits of such an approach can be clearly identified in case that CH-based network operate in composite fading environments, where multipath fading coexists with shadowing. In our case, this composite environment has been modeled by the K distribution. The presented theoretical analysis, which is validated via extensive computer simulations shows that the performance of the low-complexity scheme is comparable to the CSI-based one.
Animal Models for Muscular Dystrophy Show Different Patterns of Sarcolemmal Disruption

Genetic defects in a number of components of the dystrophin–glycoprotein complex (DGC) lead to distinct forms of muscular dystrophy. However, little is known about how alterations in the DGC are manifested in the pathophysiology present in dystrophic muscle tissue. One hypothesis is that the DGC protects the sarcolemma from contraction-induced damage. Using tracer molecules, we compared sarcolemmal integrity in animal models for muscular dystrophy and in muscular dystrophy patient samples. Evans blue, a low molecular weight diazo dye, does not cross into skeletal muscle fibers in normal mice. In contrast, mdx mice, a dystrophin-deficient animal model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, showed significant Evans blue accumulation in skeletal muscle fibers. We also studied Evans blue dispersion in transgenic mice bearing different dystrophin mutations, and we demonstrated that cytoskeletal and sarcolemmal attachment of dystrophin might be a necessary requirement to prevent serious fiber damage. The extent of dye incorporation in transgenic mice correlated with the phenotypic severity of similar dystrophin mutations in humans. We furthermore assessed Evans blue incorporation in skeletal muscle of the dystrophia muscularis (dy/dy) mouse and its milder allelic variant, the dy2J/dy2J mouse, animal models for congenital muscular dystrophy. Surprisingly, these mice, which have defects in the laminin α2-chain, an extracellular ligand of the DGC, showed little Evans blue accumulation in their skeletal muscles. Taken together, these results suggest that the pathogenic mechanisms in congenital muscular dystrophy are different from those in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, although the primary defects originate in two components associated with the same protein complex.
Assessing MCR Discussion Usefulness Using Semantic Similarity

Modern Code Review (MCR) is an informal practice whereby reviewers virtually discuss proposed changes by adding comments through a code review tool or mailing list. It has received much research attention due to its perceived cost-effectiveness and popularity with industrial and OSS projects. Recent studies indicate there is a positive relationship between the number of review comments and code quality. However, little research exists investigating how such discussion impacts software quality. The concern is that the informality of MCR encourages a focus on trivial, tangential, or unrelated issues. Indeed, we have observed that such comments are quite frequent and may even constitute the majority. We conjecture that an effective MCR actually depends on having a substantive quantity of comments that directly impact a proposed change (or are "useful"). To investigate this, a necessary first step requires distinguishing review comments that are useful to a proposed change from those that are not. For a large OSS projects such as our Qt case study, manual assessment of the over 72,000 comments is a daunting task. We propose to utilize semantic similarity as a practical, cost efficient, and empirically assurable approach for assisting with the manual usefulness assessment of MCR comments. Our case study results indicate that our approach can classify comments with an average F-measure score of 0.73 and reduce comment usefulness assessment effort by about 77%.
T2‐ and Diffusion‐Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of a Focal Ischemic Lesion in Rat Brain

We sought to evaluate the application of T2 -weighted and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging techniques in the study of a focal ischemic lesion in the rat brain. Methods Unilateral cortical infarcts were induced using the photosensitive dye rose bengal and 560 nm light irradiation. Magnetic resonance images were recorded from a total of 11 rats at selected intervals from 1.5 hours to several days after induction of the lesion. Parallel experiments were performed in which Evans blue dye was injected into the lesioned animals either immediately after lesion induction (n=11) or hour before the animals were killed (n=11). The second procedure was designed to show regions of blood–brain barrier permeability to plasma proteins at the time of sacrifice, whereas the first procedure showed the accumulation and subsequent dispersion of plasma protein following disruption of the blood–brain barrier. Results Regions of the cortex highlighted by the T2 -weighted images corresponded well to the pattern dye staining seen from the first procedure while the diffusion-weighted images showed visual correspondence with the staining pattern obtained using the second procedure. Conclusions These results illustrate the complementary use of T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in discerning the pathophysiology of developing lesions.
Efficient and Privacy-Preserving k-Means Clustering for Big Data Mining

Recent advances in sensing and storing technologies have led to big data age where a huge amount of data are distributed across sites to be stored and analysed. Indeed, cluster analysis is one of the data mining tasks that aims to discover patterns and knowledge through different algorithmic techniques such as k-means. Nevertheless, running k-means over distributed big data stores has given rise to serious privacy issues. Accordingly, many proposed works attempted to tackle this concern using cryptographic protocols. However, these cryptographic solutions introduced performance degradation issues in analysis tasks which does not meet big data properties. In this work, we propose a novel privacy-preserving k-means algorithm based on a simple yet secure and efficient multiparty additive scheme that is cryptography-free. We designed our solution for horizontally partitioned data. Moreover, we demonstrate that our scheme resists against adversaries passive model.
Difference-Quadrature Schemes for Nonlinear Degenerate Parabolic Integro-PDE

We derive and analyze monotone difference-quadrature schemes for Bellman equations of controlled Levy (jump-diffusion) processes. These equations are fully nonlinear, degenerate parabolic integro-PDEs interpreted in the sense of viscosity solutions. We propose new “direct” discretizations of the nonlocal part of the equation that give rise to monotone schemes capable of handling singular Levy measures. Furthermore, we develop a new general theory for deriving error estimates for approximate solutions of integro-PDEs, which thereafter is applied to the proposed difference-quadrature schemes.
Static Scheduling in Clouds

Cloud computing aims to give users virtually unlimited pay-per-use computing resources without the burden of managing the underlying infrastructure. We present a new job execution environment Flextic that exploits scalable static scheduling techniques to provide the user with a flexible pricing model, such as a tradeoff between different degrees of execution speed and execution price, and at the same time, reduce scheduling overhead for the cloud provider. We have evaluated a prototype of Flextic on Amazon EC2 and compared it against Hadoop. For various data parallel jobs from machine learning, image processing, and gene sequencing that we considered, Flextic has low scheduling overhead and reduces job duration by up to 15% compared to Hadoop, a dynamic cloud scheduler.
Design of two-color phase-modulated birefringence equipment

A two-color phase-modulated birefringence equipment, used for the simultaneous and real-time measurement of birefringence and orientation angle of flow field, was designed by using a two color Argon-ion laser as light source coupled with the phase-modulate technique. Low filter circuits and lock-in amplifiers were used to measure the intensities of the incident light and the fundamental component of emergent light respectively, then the analog signals of light intensities were changed to digital signals, and thus the calculation of birefringence and orientation angle was achieved. The employment of the Bessel function of order 2 was avoided for the reason of a two-color laser was used as light source, so the calculation and the process of experiment became simplified. Experiments proved that this apparatus can accurately measure the birefringence and orientation angle simultaneously, where the maximum measurement error is smaller than 5 percent.
Impaired postural cerebral hemodynamics in young patients with chronic fatigue with and without orthostatic intolerance.

OBJECTIVES To measure postural changes in cerebral hemodynamics in young patients with chronic fatigue with and without orthostatic intolerance. STUDY DESIGN We studied 28 patients (age, 10 to 22 years) and 20 healthy control subjects (age, 6 to 27 years). Cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) and deoxygenated Hb were noninvasively and continuously measured with near infrared spectroscopy during active standing. Beat-to-beat arterial pressure was monitored by Finapres. RESULTS Orthostatic intolerance determined by cardiovascular responses to standing was observed in 16 of 28 patients: instantaneous orthostatic hypotension in 8, delayed orthostatic hypotension in 2, and postural orthostatic tachycardia in 6. A rapid recovery of oxy-Hb by near infrared spectroscopy at the onset of active standing was not found in 15 of 16 patients with chronic fatigue and orthostatic intolerance and in 6 of 12 patients with chronic fatigue without orthostatic intolerance but only in 2 of 20 control subjects. Thirteen of 16 patients with orthostatic intolerance showed prolonged reduction in oxy-Hb during standing. CONCLUSIONS Impaired cerebral hemodynamics in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and postural orthostatic tachycardia suggest a link between impaired cerebral oxygenation and chronic fatigue. However, this cannot explain the symptoms in patients meeting the criteria of chronic fatigue without orthostatic intolerance.
Pushing to the top

IC3 is undoubtedly one of the most successful and important recent techniques for unbounded model checking. Understanding and improving IC3 has been a subject of a lot of recent research. In this regard, the most fundamental questions are how to choose Counterexamples to Induction (CTIs) and how to generalize them into (blocking) lemmas. Answers to both questions influence performance of the algorithm by directly affecting the quality of the lemmas learned. In this paper, we present a new IC3-based algorithm, called QUIP1, that is designed to more aggressively propagate (or push) learned lemmas to obtain a safe inductive invariant faster. QUIP modifies the recursive blocking procedure of IC3 to prioritize pushing already discovered lemmas over learning of new ones. However, a naive implementation of this strategy floods the algorithm with too many useless lemmas. In QUIP, we solve this by extending IC3 with may-proof-obligations (corresponding to the negations of learned lemmas), and by using an under-approximation of reachable states (i.e., states that witness why a may-proof-obligation is satisfiable) to prune non-inductive lemmas. We have implemented QUIP on top of an industrial-strength implementation of IC3. The experimental evaluation on HWMCC benchmarks shows that the QUIP is a significant improvement (at least 2x in runtime and more properties solved) over IC3. Furthermore, the new reasoning capabilities of QUIP naturally lead to additional optimizations and new techniques that can lead to further improvements in the future.
2005-01-3370 Machine Learning for Rocket Propulsion Health Monitoring

This paper describes the initial results of applying two machine-learning-based unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms, Orca and GritBot, to data from two rocket propulsion testbeds. The first testbed uses historical data from the Space Shuttle Main Engine. The second testbed uses data from an experimental rocket engine test stand located at NASA Stennis Space Center. The paper describes four candidate anomalies detected by the two algorithms.
Evaluation of Smagorinsky‐based subgrid‐scale models in a finite‐volume computation

Smagorinsky‐based models are assessed in a turbulent channel flow simulation at Reb=2800 and Reb=12500. The Navier–Stokes equations are solved with three different grid resolutions by using a co‐located finite‐volume method. Computations are repeated with Smagorinsky‐based subgrid‐scale models. A traditional Smagorinsky model is implemented with a van Driest damping function. A dynamic model assumes a similarity of the subgrid and the subtest Reynolds stresses and an explicit filtering operation is required. A top‐hat test filter is implemented with a trapezoidal and a Simpson rule. At the low Reynolds number computation none of the tested models improves the results at any grid level compared to the calculations with no model. The effect of the subgrid‐scale model is reduced as the grid is refined. The numerical implementation of the test filter influences on the result. At the higher Reynolds number the subgrid‐scale models stabilize the computation. An analysis of an accurately resolved flow field reveals that the discretization error overwhelms the subgrid term at Reb=2800 in the most part of the computational domain. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition and Labeling of the Coated Vesicle V-ATPase by 2-Azido-[32P]ATP (*)

Previous studies have indicated that the 73-kDa A subunit of the coated vesicle V-ATPase possesses a nucleotide-binding site essential for activity (Arai, H., Berne, M., Terres, G., Terres, H., Puopolo, K., and Forgac, M.(1987) Biochemistry 26, 6632-6638) and have identified a cysteine residue (Cys254) whose modification leads to complete loss of activity (Feng, Y., and Forgac, M.(1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 5817-5822). To further characterize the structure of the nucleotide-binding sites of the V-ATPase, labeling studies using the photoactivated analog 2-azido-[32P]ATP have been carried out. We have observed that 2-azido-[32P]ATP is hydrolyzed by the V-ATPase at a rate (at 1 mM) approximately 4-fold lower than observed for ATP, indicating that 2-azido-[32P]ATP is a good substrate for the V-ATPase. Irradiation of the V-ATPase in the presence of 0.5 mM 2-azido-[32P]ATP leads to inactivation of V-ATPase activity with a t of 3-5 min. The 73-kDa A subunit, the 58-kDa B subunit, and the 50-kDa subunit of the AP-2 adaptin complex (Myers, M., and Forgac, M.(1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 9184-9186) are all labeled in an ATP-protectable manner on irradiation of the purified V-ATPase with 2-azido-[32P]ATP. The time course for inactivation most closely correlates with labeling of the A subunit. Measurement of the stoichiometry of 2-azido-[32P]ATP incorporation into the A subunit as a function of inactivation indicates that complete loss of activity is obtained on incorporation of 1.2 mol of 2-azido-[32P]ATP/mol V-ATPase complex. 2-Azido-[32P]ATP labeling indicates that the V-ATPase possesses both rapidly (t < 2 min) and slowly (t > 2 min) exchangeable nucleotide-binding sites. The A subunit is labeled upon modification of both rapidly and slowly exchangeable sites whereas the B subunit is labeled upon modification of only rapidly exchangeable sites. Inhibition of V-ATPase activity correlates with labeling of the rapidly exchangeable sites. Amino acid sequence analysis of peptides derived from the 2-azido-[32P]ATP-labeled A subunit indicates labeling of two peptides: a 12-kDa fragment which begins at residue 511 and contains Cys532 and a 3-kDa fragment which begins at residue 233 and contains the glycine-rich loop and Cys254. Only the 12-kDa fragment is labeled upon modification of the rapidly exchangeable sites. A 12-kDa V8 peptide, which begins at residue 375 of the B subunit is also labeled by 2-azido-[32P]ATP under conditions which modify the rapidly exchangeable sites. These results provide further information concerning the nucleotide-binding sites on the V-ATPase A and B subunits. The differences in nucleotide-binding sites between F- and V-ATPases are also discussed.