Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of anisotropic ion shape, asymmetric valency, and electrolyte concentration on structural and thermodynamic properties of an electric double layer

Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation results are reported for an electric double layer modelled by a planar charged hard wall, anisotropic shape cations, and spherical anions at different electrolyte concentrations and asymmetric valencies. The cations consist of two tangentially tethered hard spheres of the same diameter, $d$. One sphere is charged while the other is neutral. Spherical anions are charged hard spheres of diameter $d$. The ion valency asymmetry 1:2 and 2:1 is considered, with the ions being immersed in a solvent mimicked by a continuum dielectric medium at standard temperature. The simulations are carried out for the following electrolyte concentrations: 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 M. Profiles of the electrode-ion, electrode-neutral sphere singlet distributions, the average orientation of dimers, and the mean electrostatic potential are calculated for a given electrode surface charge, $\sigma$, while the contact electrode potential and the differential capacitance are presented for varying electrode charge. With an increasing electrolyte concentration, the shape of differential capacitance curve changes from that with a minimum surrounded by maxima into that of a distorted single maximum. For a 2:1 electrolyte, the maximum is located at a small negative $\sigma$ value while for 1:2, at a small positive value.
on mortality quality of life in patients with a history of cancer undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is increasingly offered for aortic stenosis (AS) treatment in patients with a history of cancer. The impact of frailty on outcomes in this specific patient population is not well described. Hypothesis: Frailty is associated with mortality and poorer quality of life (QOL) outcomes in patients undergoing TAVR with a Conclusions: Frailty is associated with mortality and poor QOL in the overall and non ‐ cancer cohorts. Further investigation is warranted to understand frailty's effect on the cancer population. Frailty should be heavily considered during TAVR evaluation.
CLASSIFICATION USING META-HEURISTIC WHALE OPTIMZATION ALGORITHM

Data mining is the action of searching the large existing database in order to get new and best information. In this paper Feature selection which is a part of Data mining is performed to do classification. We propose a technique to get the optimized feature selection to perform classification using Meta Heuristic algorithms. We applied new and recent advanced optimized algorithm named Whale Optimization algorithm on UCI datasets that showed comparatively equal results with best performed existing firefly but with less number of features selected. The work is implemented using JAVA and the Medical dataset (UCI) has been used. Classification is done using J48 classifier in WEKA tool. We demonstrate the comparative results of the presently used algorithm with the existing algorithms like Ant colony, Firefly, Cuckoo Search and Harmony Search thoroughly.
Implications for Galaxy Evolution from Cosmic Evolution of the Supernova Rate Density

We report on a comprehensive statistical analysis of observational data of the cosmic evolution of the supernova (SN) rate density, to derive constraints on cosmic star-formation history and the nature of a type Ia supernova (SN Ia) progenitor. We use all available information concerning th em agnitude, SN type, and redshift information of both type Ia and core-collapse (CC) SNe in GOODS and SDF, as well as SN Ia rate densities reported in the literature. We also add 157 SN candidates in the past Subaru/Suprime-Cam data that are newly reported here, to increase the statistics. We find that the current data set of the SN rate density evolution already gives a meaningful constraint on the evolution of the cosmic star formation rate (SFR) at z . 1 ,t hough strong constraints cannot be derived for the delay time distribution (DTD) of SNe Ia. We derive a constraint of ˛ � 3–4 [the evolutionary index of SFR density
Prediction of SOLPS data employing Gaussian Processes

Introduction The simulation of plasma-wall interactions of fusion plasmas is extremely costly in computer power and time – the running time for a single parameter setting is easily in the order of weeks or months, not to mention the expenditure for parametric studies. Still there exists a small choice of data bases with several hundred entries in different parameter regimes acquired by various research groups. Based on these already gathered results the idea is to deploy an emulator capable of predicting dense answers in regions in data space with sufficient support. In the absence of a concise descriptive model this formulates a regression problem for a non-trivial function of unknown shape. Particularly useful for such tasks with various numbers of dimensions for input data or target function is the Gaussian process method. Resulting function values are not confined to a subclass in function space but constitute a dense representation of any uniformly continuous function. The method has been appreciated much in the fields of neural networks and machine learning [1, 2, 3]. Following in notation the book of Rasmussen & Williams [4] we utilize the method within a probability-theoretical (Bayesian) framework. It has to be kept in mind that the prediction gets weak whenever the data support becomes sparse or in the vicinity of phase transitions and for the description thereof. Most other function parameterising methods like e.g. neural networks or polynomial fitting tend rapidly to unreasonable results outside of the support region. Not so Gaussian processes, which show an uninformative, smooth behavior with largely increased uncertainties. The thereby easily attainable identification of regions of comparable high uncertainties point the way where the next simulation runs have to be accomplished to supplement the data base.
Easy plane baby Skyrmions

The baby Skyrme model is studied with a novel choice of potential, V = 1/2φ 2 3 . This "easy plane" potential vanishes at the equator of the target two-sphere. Hence, in contrast to previously studied cases, the boundary value of the field breaks the residual SO(2) internal symmetry of the model. Consequently, even the unit charge Skyrmion has only discrete symmetry and consists of a bound state of two half lumps. A model of long-range inter-Skyrmion forces is developed wherein a unit Skyrmion is pictured as a single scalar dipole inducing a massless scalar field tangential to the vacuum manifold. This model has the interesting feature that the two-Skyrmion interaction energy depends only on the average orientation of the dipoles relative to the line joining them. Its qualitative predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations. Global energy minimizers of charges B = 1, . , 14, 18, 32 are found numerically. Up to charge B = 6, the minimizers have 2B half lumps positioned at the vertices of a regular 2B-gon. For charges B ≥ 7, rectangular or distorted rectangular arrays of 2B half lumps are preferred, as close to square as possible.
On Wave Function Representation of Particles as Shock Wave Discontinuities

In quantum theory particles are represented as wave packets. Shock wave analysis of quantum equations of motion shows that wave function representation in general and wave packet description in particular contains discontinuities due to a non-zero quantum force. The quantum force causes wave packet dispersion which results in the intersection of characteristic curves developing a shock discontinuity. Since quantum force vanishes for localized quantum density waves [1], it is thus established that localized quantum density waves form the only class of wave function representation of particles in quantum theory without shock wave discontinuities.
Renormalisability of noncommutative GUT inspired field theories with anomaly safe groups

We consider noncommutative GUT inspired field theories formulated within the enveloping-algebra formalism for anomaly safe compact simple gauge groups. Our theories have only gauge fields and fermions, and we compute the UV divergent part of the one-loop background-field effective action involving two fermionic fields at first order in the noncommutativity parameter θ. We show that, if the second-degree Casimir has the same value for all the irreducible group representations furnished by the fermionic multiplets of the model, then, that UV divergent part can be renormalised by carrying out multiplicative renormalisations of the coupling constant, θ and the fields, along with the inclusion of θ-dependent counterterms which vanish upon imposing the equations of motion. These θ-dependent counterterms have no physical effect since they vanish on-shell. This result along with the vanishing of the UV divergent part of the fermionic four-point functions leads to the unexpected conclusion that the one-loop matter sector of the background-field effective action of these theories is one-loop multiplicatively renormalisable on-shell. We also show that the background-field effective action of the gauge sector of the theories considered here receives no θ-dependent UV divergent contributions at one-loop. We thus conclude that these theories are on-shell one-loop multiplicatively renormalisable at first order in θ.
The GROUSE project - III. Ks-band observations of the thermal emission from WASP-33b

Context. In recent years, day-side emission from about a dozen hot Jupiters has been detected through ground-based secondary eclipse observations in the near-infrared. These near-infrared observations are vital for determining the energy budgets of hot Jupiters, since they probe the planet's spectral energy distribution near its peak. Aims: The aim of this work is to measure the K$_s$-band secondary eclipse depth of WASP-33b, the first planet discovered to transit an A-type star. This planet receives the highest level of irradiation of all transiting planets discovered to date. Furthermore, its host-star shows pulsations and is classified as a low-amplitude {$delta$} Scuti. Methods: As part of our GROUnd-based Secondary Eclipse (GROUSE) project we have obtained observations of two separate secondary eclipses of WASP-33b in the K$_s$-band using the LIRIS instrument on the William Herschel Telescope (WHT). The telescope was significantly defocused to avoid saturation of the detector for this bright star (K ~{} 7.5). To increase the stability and the cadence of the observations, they were performed in staring mode. We collected a total of 5100 and 6900 frames for the first and the second night respectively, both with an average cadence of 3.3 s. Results: On the second night the eclipse is detected at the 12 -{$σ$} level, with a measured eclipse depth of 0.244$_{-0.020}$$^{+0.027}$%. This eclipse depth corresponds to a brightness temperature of 3270$_{-160}$$^{+115}$ K. The measured brightness temperature on the second night is consistent with the expected equilibrium temperature for a planet with a very low albedo and a rapid re-radiation of the absorbed stellar light. For the other night the short out-of-eclipse baseline prevents good corrections for the stellar pulsations and systematic effects, which makes this dataset unreliable for eclipse depth measurements. This demonstrates the need of getting a sufficient out-of-eclipse baseline. Appendix A is available in electronic form at http://www.aanda. orgLight curves are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat? J/A+A/550/A54
The role of low-mass star clusters in forming the massive stars in DR 21

We have studied the young low-mass pre-main sequence (PMS) stellar population associated with the massive star-forming region DR 21 by using archival X-ray Chandra observations and by complementing them with existing optical and IR surveys. The Chandra observations have revealed for the rst time a new highly extincted population of PMS low-mass stars previously missed in observations at other wavelengths. The X-ray population exhibits three main stellar density peaks, coincident with the massive star-forming regions, being the DR 21 core the main peak. The cross-correlated X-ray/IR sample exhibits a radial "Spokes-like" stellar lamentary structure that extends from the DR 21 core towards the northeast. The near IR data reveal a centrally peaked structure for the extinction, which exhibits its maximum in the DR 21 core and gradually decreases with the distance to the N-S cloud axis and to the cluster center. We nd evidence of a global mass segregation in the full low-mass stellar cluster, and of an stellar age segregation, with the youngest stars still embedded in the N-S cloud, and more evolved stars more spatially distributed. The results are consistent with the scenario where an elongated overall potential well created by the full low-mass stellar cluster funnels gas through laments feeding stellar formation. Besides the full gravitational well, smaller-scale local potential wells created by dense stellar sub-clusters of low-mass stars are privileged in the competition for the gas of the common reservoir, allowing the formation of massive stars. We also discuss the possibility that a stellar collision in the very dense stellar cluster revealed by Chandra in the DR 21 core is the origin of the large-scale and highly-energetic outow arising
Tropicalized Lambda Lengths, Measured Laminations and Convexity

This work uncovers the tropical analogue for measured laminations of the convex hull construction of decorated Teichmueller theory, namely, it is a study in coordinates of geometric degeneration to a point of Thurston's boundary for Teichmueller space. This may offer a paradigm for the extension of the basic cell decomposition of Riemann's moduli space to other contexts for general moduli spaces of flat connections on a surface. In any case, this discussion drastically simplifies aspects of previous related studies as is explained. Furthermore, a new class of measured laminations relative to an ideal cell decomposition of a surface is discovered in the limit. Finally, the tropical analogue of the convex hull construction in Minkowski space is formulated as an explicit algorithm that serially simplifies a triangulation with respect to a fixed lamination and has its own independent applications.
The First measurement of the top quark mass at CDF II in the lepton+jets and dilepton channels simultaneously

The authors present a measurement of the mass of the top quark using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.9 fb{sup -1} of p{bar p} collisions collected at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV with the CDF II detector at Fermilab's Tevatron. This is the first measurement of the top quark mass using top-antitop pair candidate events in the lepton + jets and dilepton decay channels simultaneously. They reconstruct two observables in each channel and use a non-parametric kernel density estimation technique to derive two-dimensional probability density functions from simulated signal and background samples. The observables are the top quark mass and the invariant mass of two jets from the W decay in the lepton + jets channel, and the top quark mass and the scalar sum of transverse energy of the event in the diletpon channel. They perform a simultaneous fit for the top quark mass and the jet energy scale, which is constrained in situ by the hadronic W boson mass. using 332 lepton + jets candidate events and 144 diletpon candidate events, they measure the top quark mass to be m{sub top} = 171.9 {+-} 1.7 (stat. + JES) {+-} 1.1 (other sys.) GeV/c{sup 2} = 171.9 {+-}more » 2.0 GeV/c{sup 2}. « less
On the Limit Behavior of a Chi-Square Type Test if the Number of Conditional Moments Tested Approaches Infinity

In this paper, a consistent model specification test is proposed. Some consistent model specification tests have been discussed in econometrics literature. Those tests are consistent by randomization, display a discontinuity in sample size, or have an asymptotic distribution that depends on the data-generating process and on the model, whereas our test does not have one of those disadvantages. Our test can be viewed upon as a conditional moment test as proposed by Newey but instead of a fixed number of conditional moments, an asymptotically infinite number of moment conditions is employed. The use of an asymptotically infinite number of conditional moments will make it possible to obtain a consistent test. Computation of the test statistic is particularly simple, since in finite samples our statistic is equivalent to a chi-square conditional moment test of a finite number of conditional moments.
Indonesian Undergraduate Students’ Perception of Their Computational Thinking Ability

Become skilled at CT is indispensable for undergraduate students, as the proficiency in information technologies and complex problem solving increase in important in digital workplaces. This study measured Indonesian undergraduate students' self-perception of their CT ability in order to establish CT profile based on gender, majors of specialization, and university location. Study participant comprises of 527 final-year undergraduate students from three universities in Indonesia, using the Hi-ACT instrument. To examine whether statistically significant differences existed, independent sample t-test was used. The findings regarding the profile of Indonesian undergraduates’ CT skill show, the students attained a moderately high CT level. In particular, statistically significant differences existed in Problem Solving and Communication between male and female students, wherein male students means were higher. Regarding majors of specialization, significant differences between STEM and non-STEM students were found in Algorithmic Thinking, Decomposition, Evaluation, Generalization, and Communication, in favor of STEM students. As for university location, significant differences were found in Algorithmic Thinking, Debugging, Teamwork, and Communication, in which suburban students performed better.
Developing a performance management toolkit for Botswana tennis clubs

Performance management facilitates the attainment of goals in sport organisations. tennis clubs should implement performance management practices to maximise their profit, improve their services delivery and stakeholder satisfaction. In Botswana, tennis does not have a large followership or high participation rate. Therefore, Botswana tennis Clubs could use performance management initiatives to improve their organisational practices, participation rates and profitability. Thus, the aim of this paper was to develop and propose a performance management toolkit for Botswana tennis clubs. The paper relied on a review of the Balanced Scorecard, the Performance Prism, and components of performance management. Based on the review, a performance management toolkit for Botswana tennis clubs was developed. The toolkit comprises of planning for the external environment, planning for the internal environment, implementation, and performance measurement. The toolkit recognises the cyclic nature of the performance management process therefore, the feedback and feedforward obtained from performance measurement are used to inform future performance management plans. This paper can benefit Botswana sport managers and help them to implement performance management practices. This paper can also contribute towards sport management research on performance management in sports clubs.
Attitude determination using Newton’s method on Riemannian manifold

Attitude determination problem is formulated by Wahba as an optimization problem. This problem is reduced by Davenport to an eigenvalue and eigenvector problem of the K-matrix. Several popular solutions aiming at reducing the computational cost, such as QUEST and FOMA, use iterative algorithms of Newton’s method to find the eigenvalue as the largest real root of the characteristic polynomial of K-matrix and then use some analytic formulas to calculate the eigenvector which is a function of the largest eigenvalue. Since the characteristic polynomial of K-matrix is a quartic, closed-form formulas for the eigenvalue were also available. However, extensive numerical experience shows that (a) the calculation of the eigenvector (quaternion) based on the analytic formulas is sensitive to the accuracy of the eigenvalue, and (b) directly solving the eigenvalue/eigenvector problem of the K-matrix is a much more robust method. To avoid the calculation of all eigenvectors, Newton algorithm on Riemannian manifold is proposed to calculate the largest eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvector. Extensive simulation test is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm.
Slow motions detection in polybutadiene through novel analyses of MSE refocusing efficiency and spin-lattice relaxation

Novel methods to analyze NMR signals dominated by dipolar interaction are applied to the study of slow relaxation motions in polybutadiene approaching its glass transition temperature. The analysis is based on a recently developed model where the time dependence in an ensemble of dipolar interacting spin pairs is described without resorting to the Anderson-Weiss approximation. The ability to catch relevant features of the $\alpha$ relaxation process is emphasized. In particular, it is shown that the temperature profile of the Magic Sandwich Echo efficiency carries information on the frequency profile of the $\alpha$-process. The analysis is corroborated by the temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation time.
Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya–type interaction and Lifshitz invariant in Rashba 2D electron gas systems

The origin of chiral magnetic structures in ultrathin films of magnetic metals is analyzed. It is shown that the Lifshitz-type invariant term in the macroscopic thermodynamic potential can be derived from the spin-orbit Rashba Hamiltonian in two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). The former is the prerequisite for the existence of spin cycloids, skyrmions and other chiral phenomena observed in thin films. The estimation of the period of spin cycloid gives the value of an order of 10 nm typical for structures reported in the literature.
High Concentration Crystalline Silk Fibroin Solution for Silk-Based Materials

As a functional biomaterial, silk fibroin has been widely used in drug release, cell encapsulation and tissue regeneration. To meet the requirements of these applications, the properties of silk fibroin-based materials should be finely tunable. Many useful properties of biomaterials emerge from the collective interactions among ordered and disordered domains. Thus, increasing subtle control of silk hierarchical structures is required. As a characteristic of ordered silk fibroin, crystalline silk fibroin (CSF) is an important part of silk fibroin-based biomaterials, but the preparation of CSF solution, especially high concentration CSF solution, remains a challenge. Here, a solution composed of β-sheet-rich silk fibroin is reported. These CSF were obtained by the sonication of silk fibroin hydrogel, destroying the hydrogel network, and turning silk fibroin hydrogels into CSF solution. These β-sheet-rich CSF solutions were stable enough for several days or even weeks. In addition, they were typically ordered crystalline domains, which could be mixed with disordered domains and fabricated into porous scaffolds, films, hydrogels and other silk fibroin-based scaffolds with different properties.