Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Source Apportionment of Microplastics in Environment from Sanitary Landfill: A Case Study of Muangpak Municipality Landfill, Thailand

The controlling microplastics (MPs) at source is a management method that can effectively reduce the amount of contamination in the environment. The main source of MPs was landfills that the decomposition of solid waste, MPs has an impact on environmental quality especially the health of humans. This research was investigated of MPs contamination at landfill site in the Muangpak municipality for analysis of MPs quantitative and source ap - portionment of MPs. The results of the composition of municipal solid waste by quartering method found that bio-degradable solid waste was as high as 36.27% followed by general solid waste of 35.97% which was mostly plastic waste and effect the contamination of MPs in the environment. The distribution of MPs in environmental found that highest abundance was 66.44% of leachate sludge pond 1 followed by leachate sludge pond 2 (26.30%), sediment of surface water (3.32%), leachate pond 1 (1.04%), leachate pond 2 (0.80%), groundwater point 3 (0.62%), groundwater point 1 (0.58%), surface water (0.53%) and groundwater point 2 (0.37%). The contamination of polymer types of MPs at higher densities of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) than polypropylene (PP) was found in samples closest to landfill area especially leachate pond more than 90%. The source apportionment of MPs using statistical analysis found that plastic waste has correlated to occurrence of LDPE and plastic bottle waste has correlated to occurrence of HDPE that both types of plastic waste are related to the amount of general solid waste and recycle solid waste increases every year.
Robust Epileptic Seizure Detection Using Long Short-Term Memory and Feature Fusion of Compressed Time–Frequency EEG Images

Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder with considerable risks, including physical impairment and irreversible brain damage from seizures. Given these challenges, the urgency for prompt and accurate seizure detection cannot be overstated. Traditionally, experts have relied on manual EEG signal analyses for seizure detection, which is labor-intensive and prone to human error. Recognizing this limitation, the rise in deep learning methods has been heralded as a promising avenue, offering more refined diagnostic precision. On the other hand, the prevailing challenge in many models is their constrained emphasis on specific domains, potentially diminishing their robustness and precision in complex real-world environments. This paper presents a novel model that seamlessly integrates the salient features from the time–frequency domain along with pivotal statistical attributes derived from EEG signals. This fusion process involves the integration of essential statistics, including the mean, median, and variance, combined with the rich data from compressed time–frequency (CWT) images processed using autoencoders. This multidimensional feature set provides a robust foundation for subsequent analytic steps. A long short-term memory (LSTM) network, meticulously optimized for the renowned Bonn Epilepsy dataset, was used to enhance the capability of the proposed model. Preliminary evaluations underscore the prowess of the proposed model: a remarkable 100% accuracy in most of the binary classifications, exceeding 95% accuracy in three-class and four-class challenges, and a commendable rate, exceeding 93.5% for the five-class classification.
Study the Effect of Formulation Variables on Preparation of Nisoldipine Loaded Nano Bilosomes

Nisoldipine (NSD) is a dihydropyridine class of calcium channel blockers used for hypertension treatment, it belongs to class II BCS (low solubility with high permeability), its absolute bioavailability is only 5% due to presystemic metabolism in the gut wall. It is also a substrate for a CYP3A and P-gp. Bilosomes are lipid bilayer vesicles incorporating bile salts in their walls to prevent degredation by GIT bile salts. The aim of this study is to prepare nisoldipine bilosomes as vesicular carrier and assess the effect of different formulation variables such as type of surfactant, amount of cholesterol, surfactant and sonication time on particle size, entrapment efficiency and poly dispersity index of the prepared bilosomes. The prepared bilosomes were prepared by thin film hydration method and they were optimized using different types of non-ionic surfactants span20, 40 and 60 along with different amount of cholesterol and different sonication time. The prepared formulas have particle size between 138.3 -392.4 nm, polydispersity index 0.12- 0.4 and entrapment efficiency equal to 48-82%. Results showed that increasing cholesterol amount lead to increase entrapment with increase particle size further increase leads to decrease entrapment with further increase in particle size. While increase amount of surfactant (span 60) give higher entrapment of drug with decrease particle size. Span 60 give the best entrapment efficiency and increasing sonication time is associated with decrease in particle size and entrapment efficiency.
Winter‐responding proxy temperature reconstructions and the North Atlantic Oscillation

Instrumental temperature data for the Northern Hemisphere (30°–90°N) clearly indicate that winter season variability is larger than equivalent measures for summer. This should not be surprising as temperatures in winter are dominated by variability caused by changes in atmospheric circulation features, whereas in summer variability is more dominated by local changes in cloudiness. Here we consider most of the few winter‐responding annually resolved proxy reconstructions of temperature from the northern North Atlantic and northwestern European regions. We find the expected out‐of‐phase relationship between northwest Europe and Greenland due to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which is stronger when the series from the two locations are formed from more than one series. On 30 year time scales this relationship between the two locations shows no century‐scale variations since 1250 CE (Common Era), the start of our reconstructions, in contrast to the strong positive NAO values before 1400 CE implied by the study of Trouet et al. (2009).
A Multifaceted Computational Approach to Understanding the MERS-CoV Main Protease and Brown Algae Compounds’ Interaction

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory disease caused b a special type of coronavirus called MERS-CoV. In the search for effective substances against the MERS-CoV main protease, we looked into compounds from brown algae, known for their medicinal benefits. From a set of 1212 such compounds, our computer-based screening highlighted four—CMNPD27819, CMNPD1843, CMNPD4184, and CMNPD3156. These showed good potential in how they might attach to the MERS-CoV protease, comparable to a known inhibitor. We confirmed these results with multiple computer tests. Studies on the dynamics and steadiness of these compounds with the MERS-CoV protease were performed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Metrics like RMSD and RMSF showed their stability. We also studied how these compounds and the protease interact in detail. An analysis technique, PCA, showed changes in atomic positions over time. Overall, our computer studies suggest brown algae compounds could be valuable in fighting MERS. However, experimental validation is needed to prove their real-world effectiveness.
Proteomic Analysis of Fractionated Eimeria tenella Sporulated Oocysts Reveals Involvement in Oocyst Wall Formation

Eimeria tenella is the most pathogenic intracellular protozoan parasite of the Eimeria species. Eimeria oocyst wall biogenesis appears to play a central role in oocyst transmission. Proteome profiling offers insights into the mechanisms governing the molecular basis of oocyst wall formation and identifies targets for blocking parasite transmission. Tandem mass tags (TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomics was used to analyze the oocyst wall and sporocysts of E. tenella. A combined total of 2865 E. tenella proteins were identified in the oocyst wall and sporocyst fractions; among these, 401 DEPs were identified, of which 211 were upregulated and 190 were downregulated. The 211 up-regulated DEPs were involved in various biological processes, including DNA replication, fatty acid metabolism and biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and propanoate metabolism. Among these proteins, several are of interest for their likely role in oocyst wall formation, including two tyrosine-rich gametocyte proteins (EtGAM56, EtSWP1) and two cysteine-rich proteins (EtOWP2, EtOWP6). Concurrently, 96 uncharacterized proteins may also participate in oocyst wall formation. The present study significantly expands our knowledge of the proteome of the oocyst wall of E. tenella, thereby providing a theoretical basis for further understanding of the biosynthesis and resilience of the E. tenella oocyst wall.
Gentiana Scabra Bge Extract (GSE) Protects Against Alcoholic Liver Disease by Regulating the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway in Mice.

BACKGROUND Alcohol abuse leads to alcoholic liver disease (ALD), for which no effective treatment is yet known. Gentiana Scabra Bge is a traditional Chinese medicine; its extract has a significant liver protection effect, but its effects on the mechanism of improving alcohol-induced toxicity remain unclear. Therefore, this study used cell and mouse models to investigate how Gentiana Scabra Bge extract (GSE) might affect the TLT4/NF-κB inflammation pathway in ALD. METHODS In mice, we induced the alcoholic liver injury model by applying alcohol and induced the inflammatory cell model by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were measured in liver tissue; we also performed histological analysis of liver tissue sections to assess the hepatoprotective effect of GSE on alcohol. Using real-time fluorescence quantification, we determined the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) mRNA levels; we used Western blotting to detect the expression of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins. RESULTS We demonstrate that GSE decreased AST and ALT activity, ameliorated liver dysfunction, decreased cytokine levels, and reduced LPS-induced cellular inflammation. In addition, GSE protected mouse liver cells from the inflammatory response by reducing alcohol-induced liver pathological damage and downregulating genes and proteins such as nuclear factors. CONCLUSIONS GSE can attenuate liver injury in mice through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway by inhibiting the activation of nuclear factors.
DIFFICULTIES FACED BY EIGHTH AND NINTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OF THE PROGRAM TITLED LICENCIATURA EN LENGUAS MODERNAS IN UNIVERSIDAD DEL CAUCA WHEN WRITING THEIR FINAL RESEARCH PAPER

This paper wants to explore the difficulties faced by a group of eighth and ninth semester university students in the English writing process and production of their final research paper. The collected data which included focal groups with both groups and interviews with their research tutors, shows critical problems of composition, structure and coherence. In addition, these difficulties were found highly related to the process of translation and the cultural, linguistic and technical interlanguage aspects.
Fuzzy Pattern Recognition to Water Trophic Grade in Wuliangsuhai Lake Base on GIS

A cross iteration fuzzy recognition model was established and realized by MATLAB 7.0,and used to recognize trophic state grades from May 2006 to October 2006 of 21 water quality monitoring stations distributed in Wuliangsuhai Lake,which located in arid area of Inner Mongolia,China.Based on GIS and applying spatial analysis functions of Arcview,monthly change Grid themes were established about the recognition results of trophic states grades,Total-N concentration which has the maximum influence weight of trophic state and Total-P concentration which is the key element of trophic state in Wuliangsuhai Lake.Comparative analysis and validation were performed for the change and distribution area of trophic state and those of water quality monitoring indicators in Wuliangsuhai Lake at the same time.It can be concluded that the recognition results correspond with the practical situation,and can well reflect change of the trophic state grade in spatial-temporal distribution.
Hedonic Values and Utilitarian Values to Improve Behavioral Intentions and Consumer Satisfaction on Product

This study investigates the impact of hedonic and utilitarian values on customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions in the Muslim clothing market, focusing on CV. Rabbani Asysa Ponorogo's products. Employing a quantitative approach, the research uses questionnaires analyzed with SEM-PLS 4.0 and involves a purposive sample of 100 respondents. This study is significant for its specific examination of the Muslim fashion industry, addressing a gap in understanding consumer behavior in this niche market. The findings reveal that while hedonic values significantly influence both customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions, utilitarian values only impact customer satisfaction, not behavioral intentions. Customer satisfaction is also a significant determinant of behavioral intentions. The research concludes that balancing both hedonic and utilitarian aspects is crucial for enhancing customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions in this sector.
Transformation of Organic Matter by a Microbial Community in Sediments of Lake Baikal under Experimental Thermobaric Conditions of Protocatagenesis

ABSTRACT Early diagenesis of organic matter in bottom sediments of Lake Baikal is a focus of many geochemical studies, because it is one of the few sites of petroleum formation in a nonmarine environment. Although Baikal is a rift lake and considered one of the prospective fields for deep biosphere investigations, the transformation processes of organic matter by microbial communities from deep bottom sediments and likely entering of the microorganisms from deep sediments into the near-surface sediments were not previously studied in Lake Baikal. The natural microbial community from near-surface sediments of the cold methane seep Goloustnoe (Southern Baikal Basin) was incubated with methane and the diatom Synedra acus at 80°C and 49.5 atm to simulate catagenesis. The 11-month incubation yielded the enrichment culture of viable thermophilic microorganisms. Their presence in low-temperature sediment layers may be indicative of their migration through fault zones together with gas-bearing fluids. After culturing, molecular biological methods allowed for the detection of both widespread microorganisms and unique clones whose phylogenetic status is currently unknown. The sediment after the experiment showed the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, retene. Retene can be either a conifer or algal biomarker, thus, interpretation of paleoclimate data is tenuous.
The Relationship between Air Temperature and Ground Temperature in the Tibetan Plateau

Multivariable linear regression has been applied to analyze the recorded data of annual mean air temperature and annual mean ground temperature from 119 meteorological stations from 1991 to 2000 in the Tibetan Plateau.The linear statistic coefficients between monthly mean air temperature,monthly mean ground temperature and latitude,longitude and elevation in the research region are obtained.It is demonstrated that the air temperature,ground temperature and their annual ranges in the Tibetan Plateau are highly correlated with corresponding latitude,longitude and elevation.It is indicated that the air temperature and ground temperature in the plateau can be expressed as functions of location coordinates and time.Taking the validated statistic results of annual mean air temperature and annual mean ground temperature from 1991 to 2000 as the experimental results between air temperature and ground temperature,it will contribute to the determination of upper boundary condition of permafrost at any time and any site.These results are of great significance to under-construction Qinghai-Tibetan Railway and to the prediction of permafrost environment.
Aquaculture in Europe: Media representations as a proxy for public opinion

Fish is traditionally considered a healthy and pure food. However, with the development of modern aquaculture, a range of potentially controversial issues are emerging. These could significantly impact the future success of the industry. In the absence of in-depth data on lay perceptions on farmed fish and fish farming, this paper utilises media representations as a proxy for public opinion. Media representations of aquaculture were investigated in Germany, Norway and the UK over a five-year timeframe (May 2002 to May 2007). A total of 1049 articles from both broadsheet and tabloid newspapers were analyzed with the qualitative software Atlas/ti. We compare the article framings crossnationally, focusing in-depth on four major analytical themes which emerged: the environment, the economy, human health and trust/regulation. Despite general similarities, these themes are represented with different salience and foci across the countries of analysis. These divergent media representations of aquaculture are discussed in terms of their likely impacts on lay perceptions of farmed fish and fish farming. In turn, the understanding of consumer perceptions is a vital component for policy making about aquaculture.
Ginkgo biloba: Antioxidant Activity and In Silico Central Nervous System Potential

Ginkgo biloba (GB) extracts have been used in clinical studies as an alternative therapy for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the exact bioaction mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In this work, an in silico study on GB metabolites was carried out using SwissTargetPrediction to determine the proteins associated with AD. The resulting proteins, AChE, MAO-A, MAO-B, β-secretase and γ-secretase, were studied by molecular docking, resulting in the finding that kaempferol, quercetin, and luteolin have multitarget potential against AD. These compounds also exhibit antioxidant activity towards reactive oxygen species (ROS), so antioxidant tests were performed on the extracts using the DPPH and ABTS techniques. The ethanol and ethyl acetate GB extracts showed an important inhibition percentage, higher than 80%, at a dose of 0.01 mg/mL. The effect of GB extracts on AD resulted in multitarget action through two pathways: firstly, inhibiting enzymes responsible for degrading neurotransmitters and forming amyloid plaques; secondly, decreasing ROS in the central nervous system (CNS), reducing its deterioration, and promoting the formation of amyloid plaques. The results of this work demonstrate the great potential of GB as a medicinal plant.
A photonic approach to generate arbitrary chirp microwave waveforms using a direct modulated laser source

In this work, a novel microwave photonic approach is applied to generate an arbitrary chirp microwave waveform in the Ku band that possesses a high chirp rate. Chirp microwave signals can be produced in a variety of ways, the most common of which is the shaping of the temporal pulse and the mapping of the wavelength to the time. The usage of Kuband frequencies is widespread in modern radar applications, such as high-resolution mapping and satellite altimetry. The range-Doppler resolution of a radar system can be enhanced by improving its chirp rate, time-bandwidth product, and center frequency. The proposed approach in this work is based on the direct modulated Laser source and polarization controller. The theoretical and simulation analysis has been done to generate a dual linear chirp microwave signal in the Ku band with a center frequency of 12 GHz.
Comprehensive Noise Analysis for Acousto-Optic Measurement of Airborne Sound

Acousto-optic measurement of sound (AOMoS) has been widely utilized in various acoustic studies owing to its noninvasive nature. However, the presence of significant measurement noise often degrades the acousto-optic signals and thus hinders promising applications. This is partly because the characteristics of the noises in AOMoS have not been fully clarified, which prevents us from adequately predicting and controlling them. To address this challenge, we theoretically and experimentally investigate three specific measurement noises in AOMoS: optical intensity noise, optical phase noise, and environmental noise. Convenient notations for evaluating optical noises in acoustic units are provided, which make it easier to understand the AOMoS noises from an acoustic point of view. Our findings showed that among the six noise sources we investigated, optical shot noise defines the white noise floor at high frequencies while background sound noise determines the low-frequency noise spectrum. The analysis provided in this article will serve as an exhaustive guide for designing and implementing an AOMoS system with a desired noise level.
Anti-Biofilm Activity of Cocultimycin A against Candida albicans

Candida albicans (C. albicans), the most common fungal pathogen, has the ability to form a biofilm, leading to enhanced virulence and antibiotic resistance. Cocultimycin A, a novel antifungal antibiotic isolated from the co-culture of two marine fungi, exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on planktonic C. albicans cells. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-biofilm activity of cocultimycin A against C. albicans and explore its underlying mechanism. Crystal violet staining showed that cocultimycin A remarkably inhibited biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner and disrupted mature biofilms at higher concentrations. However, the metabolic activity of mature biofilms treated with lower concentrations of cocultimycin A significantly decreased when using the XTT reduction method. Cocultimycin A could inhibit yeast-to-hypha transition and mycelium formation of C. albicans colonies, which was observed through the use of a light microscope. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that biofilms treated with cocultimycin A were disrupted, yeast cells increased, and hypha cells decreased and significantly shortened. The adhesive ability of C. albicans cells treated with cocultimycin A to the medium and HOEC cells significantly decreased. Through the use of a qRT-PCR assay, the expression of multiple genes related to adhesion, hyphal formation and cell membrane changes in relation to biofilm cells treated with cocultimycin A. All these results suggested that cocultimycin A may be considered a potential novel molecule for treating and preventing biofilm-related C. albicans infections.
Real Time Accident Detection from Closed Circuit Television and Suggestion of Nearest Medical Amenities

The prevalence of automobile accidents as a major cause of violent deaths around the world has prompted researchers to develop an automated method for detecting them. The effectiveness of medical response to accident scenes and the chances of survival are influenced by the human element, underscoring the need for an automated system. With the widespread use of video surveillance and advanced traffic systems, researchers have proposed a model to automatically detect traffic accidents on video. The proposed approach assumes that visual elements occurring in a temporal sequence correspond to traffic accidents. The model architecture consists of two phases: visual feature extraction and temporal pattern detection. Convolution and recurrent layers are employed during training to learn visual and temporal features from scratch as well as from publicly available datasets. The proposed accident detection and alerting system using Convolution Neural Network models with Rectified Linear Unit and Softmax activation functions is an effective tool for detecting different types of accidents in real-time. The system of accident detection, integrated with the alerting mechanism for prompt medical assistance achieved high accuracy and recall rates.