Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversity Learning Based on Multi-Latent Space for Medical Image Visual Question Generation

Auxiliary clinical diagnosis has been researched to solve unevenly and insufficiently distributed clinical resources. However, auxiliary diagnosis is still dominated by human physicians, and how to make intelligent systems more involved in the diagnosis process is gradually becoming a concern. An interactive automated clinical diagnosis with a question-answering system and a question generation system can capture a patient’s conditions from multiple perspectives with less physician involvement by asking different questions to drive and guide the diagnosis. This clinical diagnosis process requires diverse information to evaluate a patient from different perspectives to obtain an accurate diagnosis. Recently proposed medical question generation systems have not considered diversity. Thus, we propose a diversity learning-based visual question generation model using a multi-latent space to generate informative question sets from medical images. The proposed method generates various questions by embedding visual and language information in different latent spaces, whose diversity is trained by our newly proposed loss. We have also added control over the categories of generated questions, making the generated questions directional. Furthermore, we use a new metric named similarity to accurately evaluate the proposed model’s performance. The experimental results on the Slake and VQA-RAD datasets demonstrate that the proposed method can generate questions with diverse information. Our model works with an answering model for interactive automated clinical diagnosis and generates datasets to replace the process of annotation that incurs huge labor costs.
MULTIPLE IONIZATION OF LEAD BY ELECTRON IMPACT

A pulsed crossed-beam method incorporating time-of-flight spectroscopy, previously developed in this laboratory, has been used to obtain relative cross sections for n = 1- to 6-fold ionization of ground-state Pb atoms by electrons at energies ranging from near threshold to 3000 eV. These results greatly extend the energy range of previous measurements which, in any case, exhibit serious discrepancies. Rather than rely on any previous measurements on Pb, the present data have been normalized to the previously measured cross section for electron impact ionization of Ga at 200 eV. At our high-energy limit of 3000 eV, our measured cross sections decrease by much less than an order of magnitude with increasing n and and are also converging rapidly at high velocities, indicating large contributions from Auger processes. Observed near-threshold structure in the cross section curve is consistent with known autoionization transitions, and while there is also some indication of structure in cross section curves for multiple ionization, the large number of possible levels and experimental uncertainties preclude a detailed analysis. Recent theoretical predictions of multiple ionization based on approximate scaling procedures have been shown to be only partially successful in describing the present data.
Phenolic Profile and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Different Corn and Rice Varieties

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease. To date, the only universally recognized treatment for CD is the gluten-free diet (GFD). Despite the GFD, a state of inflammation and oxidative stress could remain at the intestinal level of celiac patients. Several components of the diet, such as phenolic compounds with known antioxidant properties, could play a protective role in the inflammatory state of patients with CD. The objective of this study was the characterization of the phenolic profile and the antioxidant capacity of pigmented cereals (rice and corn) from the Italian market and farms. Different in vitro methods were applied: Folin–Ciocalteu assay, pH differential method, DPPH assay, TEAC assay, and High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography technique. According to the results, pigmented varieties are possible valuable sources of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins with high antioxidant activity. They could be used as alternative ingredients for the formulation of gluten-free products.
Kinetic Equations for Polyatomic Gases: The 17‐Moment Approximation

A set of kinetic equations for polyatomic gases is obained by extending the 13‐moment approximation of Grad to solve the inelastic Boltzmann equation of Wang Chang, Uhlenbeck, and de Boer. It is expected that the resulting 17‐moment approximation (the four additional moments are the internal temperature and the internal heat flux vector) will be applicable to a wider class of physical problems than the “normal”‐type Chapman‐Enskog solutions to the inelastic Boltzmann equation. In particular, the kinetic equations should prove quite useful in the study of shock structure and sound propagation in polyatomic gases. As examples, the 17‐moment approximation is applied to near equilibrium and relaxation type flows; and all the essential features of the Wang Chang et al. analysis are recovered, such as those involving temperature equilibration, volume viscosity, and the extension of the Navier‐Stokes equations to polyatomic gases. In addition, corrections to the Navier‐Stokes equations are derived involving term.
Impact of Nesting Mode, Diet, and Taxonomy in Structuring the Associated Microbial Communities of Amazonian Ants

Studies of ant biodiversity are important to understand their group better, as well as to extend our knowledge on the evolution of their associated organisms. Host-associated microbial communities, and particularly bacterial communities, are shaped by different host factors such as habitat, diet, and phylogeny. Here, we studied the structures of bacterial and microbial eukaryote communities associated with Amazonian ants collected from two habitats: the rainforest and the city. We collected 38 ant species covering a large taxonomic range, and we used 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing to study the impact of the host’s ecological and phylogenetic factors on their microbial communities. Our results show that (1) habitat does not structure ant microbial communities, (2) ant diet and nesting mode impact bacterial communities, while only nesting mode structures microbial eukaryote communities, and (3) microbial diversity is not correlated with host phylogeny, although several ant genera have conserved bacterial communities. As we continue to uncover the diversity and function of insect-associated microbes, this work explores how host ecology and evolutionary history shape ant microbial communities.
Nidificación de la Becasina de Bañado (Gallinago paraguaiae) en Punta Indio, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Los estudios de biología reproductiva de las aves proveen información importante sobre sus historias de vida y permiten comprender aspectos ecológicos que afectan su éxito reproductivo y sus tendencias demofráficas. Desde octubre a febrero de 2017 a 2020 realizamos un monitoreo de nidos de Becasina de bañado (Gallinago paraguaiae) en un pastizal natural con baja carga ganadera en la Pampa Deprimida, noreste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Buscamos nidos mediante arrastre de soga y los monitoreamos hasta la fecha de eclosión o fracaso. Tomamos medidas de los nidos, la vegetación alrededor (incluyendo cobertura visual horizontal y superior) y distancias a los bordes de hábitat. Analizamos la selección de sitios de nidificación comparando la vegetación con la de puntos aleatorios, calculamos el éxito aparente y la tasa de supervivencia diaria (TSD) de la especie. Encontramos 15 nidos, con un tamaño promedio de puesta de 2.8 huevos. Los nidos estuvieron construidos entre pastos de ~60 cm de altura y presentaron mayor cobertura visual horizontal que los sitios aleatorios. Sólo tres nidos fueron exitosos (éxito aparente = 20 %) siendo la depredación la principal causa de fracaso. La TSD fue 0.879, calculando un éxito acumulado para la etapa de incubación de 8.6 %, que es bajo comparado con especies similares. Destacamos la necesidad de generar conocimiento sobre los depredadores de nidos en el pastizal pampeano y de continuar con estudios de las poblaciones de aves que reproducen en estos ambientes, con la finalidad de echar luz sobre el efecto de la alteración del hábitar en la dinámica poblacional de estas aves.
Nonrigid registration based on projected joint entropy combined with gradient similarity

Our study proposes a nonrigid image registration method between different color channels in a color image sequence. It minimizes the entropy in a dominant subspace of the joint distribution of two or more images. The proposed algorithm is based on the observation that the displacement between color channels affects only the dominant subspace in the joint distribution of pixel values. We also propose the use of gradient direction to give extra robustness to our similarity function. Experiments estimating motion parameters for B-spline nonrigid deformation models demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed registration technique.
Factors Influencing Sexuality, Gender and Norms of Adolescent: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Adolescent in Indonesia

Background : The current study explored the factors related to the sexuality, gender, and norms among Indonesian adolescents via structural equation modelling. Method : A cross-sectional design was performed among 394 adolescents from August to October 2020 in East Java of Indonesia. A self-administered questionnaire measured factors that in ﬂ uenced sexuality, gender, and norms of adolescents. We used smart PLS ( Partial Least Squares ) to analyze the data. Results : Two correlations emerge among independent variables, namely sociodemographic of adolescent and knowledge of reproductive health (RH) and human immunode ﬁ ciency virus (HIV) (p < 0.001) and sociodemographic of parents and family structure and function of RH (p < 0.001). Sociodemographic of parents (p ¼ 0.003), knowledge of RH and HIV (p ¼ 0.012), and family structure and function of RH (p ¼ 0.006) were directly related to sexuality, gender, and norms of adolescent. Sociodemographic of adolescents (p ¼ 0.031) and parents (p ¼ 0.024) were indirectly related to the sexuality, gender, and norms of adolescent through knowledge of RH and HIV. Our model explains 39.9% of the variance in sexuality, gender, and norms of adolescents. Conclusion : Factors that in ﬂ uence sexuality, gender, and norms of the adolescent should be explored during puberty to maintain positive attitudes towards sexuality, gender, and norms. Furthermore, there needs to be comprehensive education on sexuality, gender, and norms to promote gender equality and to tackle harmful stereotypical attitudes. The education can be tailored to lead to increase positive perceptions of sexuality, gender, and norms among adolescents
Mammalian Glycosylation Patterns Protect Citrullinated Chemokine MCP-1/CCL2 from Partial Degradation

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is a potent chemotactic agent for monocytes, primarily produced by macrophages and endothelial cells. Significantly elevated levels of MCP-1/CCL2 were found in synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), compared to osteoarthritis or other arthritis patients. Several studies suggested an important role for MCP-1 in the massive inflammation at the damaged joint, in part due to its chemotactic and angiogenic effects. It is a known fact that the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins have a significant impact on their properties. In mammals, arginine residues within proteins can be converted into citrulline by peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes. Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), recognizing these PTMs, have become a hallmark for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune diseases and are important in diagnostics and prognosis. In previous studies, we found that citrullination converts the neutrophil attracting chemokine neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA-78) into a potent macrophage chemoattractant. Here we report that both commercially available and recombinant bacterially produced MCP-1/CCL2 are rapidly (partially) degraded upon in vitro citrullination. However, properly glycosylated MCP-1/CCL2 produced by mammalian cells is protected against degradation during efficient citrullination. Site-directed mutagenesis of the potential glycosylation site at the asparagine-14 residue within human MCP-1 revealed lower expression levels in mammalian expression systems. The glycosylation-mediated recombinant chemokine stabilization allows the production of citrullinated MCP-1/CCL2, which can be effectively used to calibrate crucial assays, such as modified ELISAs.
Penetration of fluid into a Hele–Shaw cell: the Saffman–Taylor experiment

A theoretical account is given of experiments performed by Saffman & Taylor (1958) in which a fluid drives a liquid out of a long straight channel of very small thickness formed between two parallel sheets sealed at the edges. The penetrating fluid forms a long finger, whose sides are parallel to the edges of the channel, and which has a rounded tip, which advances with unaltered shape at a constant speed U. The theory correctly predicts the shape of the finger as a function of the ratio λ = (asymptotic width of finger)/(width of channel) and gives the relation between λ and U, which is in good agreement with experiment. In particular it shows that, as U increases from zero to infinity, λ steadily decreases from 1 to 0·5.
The Essential Spectrum of Elliptic Differential Operators in L p (R n )

Introduction. The main aim of the present paper is to determine the essential spectrum and index of a class of elliptic differential operators in L'(Rn) (see Definition 1.3). By a well-known theorem of perturbation theory, the essential spectrum and index of an operator A are unchanged under addition of an operator B, which is compact relative to A (see Definition 1.1). 1 contains without proof the definitions and main theorems of this theory. In ? 3 we consider the case of an elliptic differential operator Pp with constant coefficients in LP(Rn) perturbed by lower-order terms. The spectrum of the constant coefficient operator is given in Theorem 3.5. Then we determine a rather large class of operators, which are compact with respect to Pp. Theorem 3.9 contains the main result on the essential spectrum and index of the perturbed constant coefficient operator. The preliminary work leading to the compactness conditions is done in ? 2. The graph norm of the elliptic constant coefficient operator is equivalent to the Wy-norm (Definition 2.2). Therefore, the problem of finding compactness conditions is essentially reduced to the problem of finding conditions in order that the embedding of W (Rn) in LP(Rn, b) with a weight function b be compact. The main result in this direction is stated in Lemmas 2.11 and 2.15.
Digital twins as enablers of structure inspection and maintenance

Abstract: The emergence of new technologies based on the exchange of data and information via the internet has prompted a revolution in the industry as a whole. First applied in manufacturing, the movement known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution soon spread and changed the dynamics of many other fields. Digital twins (DTs), one of the technologies that emerged in this scenario, are used to replicate physical environments in virtual models. Such models must be supplied with up-to-date information throughout a product's lifecycle to ensure accurate representation of the real asset. DTs have great potential to impact the construction industry, supporting facilities management, simulation tasks, and centralized management and recording of interventions. However, despite the attention the theme has attracted among researchers and companies, implementation of the concept in practical situations is still largely underexplored. Thus, this study aims to critically analyze the concept of DTs and their potential in the construction industry, particularly in inspection and maintenance tasks for existing structures. The study comprises a literature review undertaken to identify the multiple types of DT models, examine barriers and opportunities associated with their use, and discuss their potential as enablers of inspection and maintenance strategies. Furthermore, research opportunities related to the use of DTs for structural inspection and maintenance are suggested.
Utilizing the Off-Target Effects of T1R3 Antagonist Lactisole to Enhance Nitric Oxide Production in Basal Airway Epithelial Cells

Human airway sweet (T1R2 + T1R3), umami (T1R1 + T1R3), and bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are critical components of the innate immune system, acting as sensors to monitor pathogenic growth. T2Rs detect bacterial products or bitter compounds to drive nitric oxide (NO) production in both healthy and diseased epithelial cell models. The NO enhances ciliary beating and also directly kills pathogens. Both sweet and umami receptors have been characterized to repress bitter taste receptor signaling in healthy and disease models. We hypothesized that the sweet/umami T1R3 antagonist lactisole may be used to alleviate bitter taste receptor repression in airway basal epithelial cells and enhance NO production. Here, we show that lactisole activates cAMP generation, though this occurs through a pathway independent of T1R3. This cAMP most likely signals through EPAC to increase ER Ca2+ efflux. Stimulation with denatonium benzoate, a bitter taste receptor agonist which activates largely nuclear and mitochondrial Ca2+ responses, resulted in a dramatically increased cytosolic Ca2+ response in cells treated with lactisole. This cytosolic Ca2+ signaling activated NO production in the presence of lactisole. Thus, lactisole may be useful coupled with bitter compounds as a therapeutic nasal rinse or spray to enhance beneficial antibacterial NO production in patients suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases such as chronic rhinosinusitis.
Opportunities for wavelength conversion with on‐chip diamond ring resonators

Recent progress in the fabrication of high‐quality synthetic diamond and of diamond waveguide structures has enabled photonics researchers to start exploiting the unique optical properties of diamond for various applications. In this article the promise of on‐chip diamond ring resonators for wavelength conversion based on Kerr and Raman‐resonant four‐wave mixing is numerically demonstrated. After examining to what extent both dispersion‐engineered phase‐matching and “automatic” quasi‐phase‐matching can be established in diamond ring converters, it is shown that such a “double‐matching” approach can yield high conversion efficiencies for a wide range of wavelengths in the near‐infrared/mid‐infrared domain, as well as in the ultraviolet/visible domain.
Electromagnetic field and lifting capacity for longitudinal electromagnetic levitator

Detailed studies of the longitudinal electromagnetic levitator are presented. An appropriate electric current model for the computation of the electromagnetic force field in the levitated specimen is introduced. From this new model, the essential equations for the electromagnetic field and the lifting force field for a cylindrical sample are derived and the current density distribution is studied. Both lifting force and lifting capacity for the longitudinal electromagnetic levitator are analyzed and compared with the experimental data. The results can be used to design longitudinal electromagnetic levitators for different levitation purposes, to select suitable material for levitation, and to provide the framework for further investigation of melting phenomena and materials processing using the longitudinal electromagnetic levitator.
Navigating Relational Escalation: Exploring the Associations among Dialectical Tensions, Relationship Stages, and Attachment

This study explored the connections among relational dialectics, the relational stage model, and attachment by assessing how individuals with differing attachment tendencies navigate conflicting desires at various stages of romantic relationships. Findings from a cross-sectional survey (N = 188) revealed that dialectical tensions were less intense for individuals in more advanced stages of relationship development compared to those in the earlier stages. Further, attachment anxiety and avoidance demonstrated positive associations with feelings of the dialectical tensions. Although interaction effects with relationship stage and attachment were not observed, significant main effects provide important implications for interpersonal scholarship.
Digital Marketing Development Model through Digital Literacy Mediation to Improve SME's Performance

The objective of this research is to undertake the digital literacy competence among the SME (Small and Medium Enterprises) actors and to answer the previous research evidence that digital literacy is still under study; therefore, digital literacy among the SMEs a cluster of MSME, natural dyes Batik Kebon Indah Bayat Klaten is used as location of this research. Method of the study was carried out by census to all members of cluster batik natural dyes in Bayat Kebon Indah Klaten. All 186 batik members were withdrawn as respondent of this study, the reason for withdrawing all cooperative member of Kebon Indah because they were engaged in digital marketing activities to promote their natural dyes batik products. The engagement in social media to promote their products was vulnerable to digital illiteracy exposures. Digital literacy is a mediating variable bridging the gap between digital marketing capability and SME business performance. The findings reveal that digital marketing capability has a significant impact on SME business performance, digital literacy has a considerable effect on SME's business performance, and digital literacy significantly impacts digital marketing capability. Implication of the study found out that digital literacy prevented the respondents to believe in hoax, several deceiver’s efforts of business deceptions, therefore digital literacy strengthened them to be cautious in managing their business.
A non-contact measurement technique to measure micro-surface stress and obtain deformation profiles of the order of 1nm in microcantilever-based structures by single image optical diffraction method

A new method based on analysis of a single diffraction pattern is proposed to measure deflections in micro-cantilever (MC) based sensor probes, achieving typical deflection resolutions of 1nm and surface stress changes of 50μN/m. The proposed method employs a double MC structure where the deflection of one of the micro-cantilevers relative to the other due to surface stress changes results in a linear shift of intensity maxima of the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the transilluminated MC. Measurement of such shifts in the intensity maxima of a particular order along the length of the structure can be done to an accuracy of 0.01mm leading to the proposed sensitivity of deflection measurement in a typical microcantilever. This method can overcome the fundamental measurement sensitivity limit set by diffraction and pointing stability of laser beam in the widely used Optical Beam Deflection method (OBDM).
Microplasma generation in a sealed microfluidic glass chip using a water electrode

A microplasma was generated in a sealed microfluidic glass chip for the application of the miniaturized chemical detection system, especially for water contaminants. The behavior of a microbubble as well as a microplasma was observed using a 1% NaCl solution with no metal contact in a sealed glass microchannel. A microplasma formed by water contents excluding air or inert gas showed clear emission spectrum in UV, visible, and near IR range. The detection of lead was demonstrated by measuring the intensity of the Pb emission line (at 406nm) with respect to the concentration.