Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abrupt increase in permafrost degradation in Arctic Alaska

Even though the arctic zone of continuous permafrost has relatively cold mean annual air temperatures, we found an abrupt, large increase in the extent of permafrost degradation in northern Alaska since 1982, associated with record warm temperatures during 1989–1998. Our field studies revealed that the recent degradation has mainly occurred to massive wedges of ice that previously had been stable for 1000s of years. Analysis of airphotos from 1945, 1982, and 2001 revealed large increases in the area (0.5%, 0.6%, and 4.4% of area, respectively) and density (88, 128, and 1336 pits/km2) of degrading ice wedges in two study areas on the arctic coastal plain. Spectral analysis across a broader landscape found that newly degraded, water‐filled pits covered 3.8% of the land area. These results indicate that thermokarst potentially can affect 10–30% of arctic lowland landscapes and severely alter tundra ecosystems even under scenarios of modest climate warming.
Soil Heating Techniques for Forcing Outdoor White Asparagus into Production

ABSTRACT Hot water was circulated in two pipes placed above (AC), beside (BC), and under (UC) the crowns of the asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) hybrid cvs. ‘Dariana’, ‘Larac’ and ‘Steline’ to force them into production in winter. An unheated bed of each cultivar was used as control. Raised beds were covered with black plastic mulch to ensure white spears and weed control. The heating system was activated in mid-January for the 1998 harvesting season, mid-December 1998 for the 1999 harvesting season and early January for the 2000 harvesting season. In 1998 and 2000 harvesting seasons, early yield of A grade spears in the UC treatment was significantly different from controls, and the AC and BC treatments which were similar. The total yield of the UC treatment was significantly different from the control and the AC and BC treatments only in 1998. The UC treatment improved the quality of the product in 1998 and 1999 since “B” grade yield, as a percentage of “A” grade yield, appeared to be lowest. ‘Dariana’ consistently had higher total yield than ‘Larac’ and ‘Steline’ in all production years. In 1999, ‘Dariana’ yielded more early “A” grade spears than ‘Larac’ and ‘Steline’.
A Dilated Convolution Neural Network for Gear Fault Diagnosis

The identification of gear faults is crucial for maintaining the mechanical performance of equipment in practical industrial applications. In the study, a unique fault diagnosis model making use of dilated convolution neural networks is proposed for the classification of gear faults through the analysis of vibration signals generated by gear systems. The proposed model leverages dilated convolutions to expand the receptive field size without adding more parameters. The features extracted from each convolutional channel are concatenated and fed into a classification layer. The proposed approach is evaluated on a publicly available gear fault dataset and outperforms other methods currently available in terms of classification accuracy while reducing the number of parameters and computational complexity. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method in diagnosing gear faults and highlight its potential as a promising approach for practical industrial applications.
Impact of Time on Detecting Spammers in Twitter

Twitter is one of the most popular microblogging social systems, which provides a set of distinctive posting services operating in real time manner. The ﬂexibility in using these services has attracted unethical individuals, so-called ”spam-mers”, aiming at spreading malicious, phishing, and misleading information over the network. The spamming behavior results non-ignorable problems related to real-time search and user’s privacy. Although of Twitter’s community attempts in breaking up the spam phenomenon, researchers have dived far in ﬁghting spammers through automating the detection process. To do so, they leverage the features concept combined with machine learning methods. However, the existing features are not eﬀective enough to adapt the spammers’ tactics due to ease of manipulation, including the graph features which are not suitable for real-time ﬁltering. In this paper, we introduce the design of novel features suited for real-time ﬁltering. The features are distributed between robust statistical features considering explicitly the time of posting tweets and creation date of user’s account, and behavioral features which catch any potential posting behavior similarity between diﬀerent instances (e.g. hash-tags) in the user’s tweets. The experimental results show that our new features are able to classify correctly the majority of spammers with an accuracy higher than 93% when using Random Forest learning algorithm, outperforming the accuracy of the state of features by about 6%.
Platform Architecture and Functionality for Efficient and Intelligent Logistics

This paper describes the layered architecture and functionality of an intelligent logistics platform for logistics companies to centrally coordinate their transportation operations. It offers real-time tracking, tracing, and reporting capabilities to logistics stakeholders, as well as dynamic scheduling and routing of deliveries forming shipments and routes with optimized resources allocation and costs. The optimization of shipments scheduling and routing is performed drawing on the backpressure technique, which, to the best of our knowledge, has never been applied to optimize supply chain transport operations. The algorithm combines a variety of factors that affect transportation operations (such as the capacity and current inventory of each node in the transportation network and the fleet characteristics) and proposes dynamically shipments and optimal paths for the company fleet and couriers for last-mile delivery.
Optimum interpolation algorithms for ABI multiple channel radiance down-scaling processing

The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) is the primary instrument onboard GOES-R for imaging Earth’s weather, climate, and environment and will be used for a wide range of applications related to weather, oceans, land, climate, and hazards (fires, volcanoes, hurricanes, and storms that spawn tornados). It will provide over 65% of all the mission data products currently defined. ABI views the Earth with 16 different spectral bands, including two visible channels, four nearinfrared channels and ten infrared channels at 0.5, 1, and 2 km spatial resolutions respectively. For most of the operational ABI retrieval algorithms, the collocated/co-registered radiance dataset are at 2 km resolution for all of the bands required. This requires down-scaling of the radiance data from 0.5 or 1 km to 2 km for ABI visible and near-IR bands (2 or 1, 3 & 5 respectively), the reference of 2 km is the nominal resolution at the satellite sub-point. In this paper, the spatial resolution characteristic of the ABI fixed grid level1b radiance data is discussed. An optimum interpolation algorithm which has been developed for the ABI multiple channel radiance down-scaling processing is present.
Implementation of Home Energy Management System for Indonesia Homes with Hybrid Power Plant

In this research, model design and system simulation are carried out to determine the feasibility of implementing a hybrid solar power plant (PLTS). Using the Home Energy Management System (HEMS) technology platform will be applied to housing in Indonesia which consists of hardware and software to allow users to monitor energy use and production regularly both conventionally (manually) and automatically (automatically). The goal is not only to assist government programs in implementing regional electricity networks and programs to accelerate the use of electric vehicles, in the form of analysis, design models and system simulations, but we can also find out the feasibility of the HEMS platform and get energy. efficiency gains in Indonesian people’s homes later. By using the Homer Pro software, the design of the Hybrid Solar Power Plant can work to meet the load on the electricity grid. With an average CoE value of IDR 403.00/kWh with an NPC value of IDR. 140,412,000.00 with a return duration of 9.4 years. Then to maximize the Solar Power Plant components, the use of the HEMS platform was implemented using the Matlab Link Dispatch provided by the Homer Pro software, the system behaviour was successfully changed according to the author’s wishes, where the simulation results with Homer Pro software and Matlab software with the lowest purchase limit tested was 50% of the total purchasable grids. Hybrid Solar Power Plant rods can work to meet the needs of the electricity load with an average CoE value of IDR 226.95 /kWh. With an NPC value of IDR 82,205,540.00 with a payback duration of 5.6 years. Yields are influenced by how much and how much of these components are used, then how much energy is purchased from the provider and how much excess is resold.
An Automation Framework for Comparison of Cancer Response Models Across Configurations

Machine learning has made significant advancements in precision medicine, resulting in the development of various deep learning applications. For instance, in cancer drug response prediction, numerous deep learning models have been created. However, comparing these models across vast configurations of hyperparameters and data sets can be challenging. In this paper, we introduce a new scalable workflow suite that aims to answer questions that arise when comparing different models developed by different teams on similar or the same problems. We explain the problem in more detail and discuss our approach using near-exascale or exascale computers.
Ozone and other trace gases in the Arctic and Antarctic regions: Three-dimensional model simulations

A three-dimensional mechanistic model of the middle atmosphere with calculated dynamics and chemistry (Rose and Brasseur, 1989) is used to study the behavior of chemically active trace gases at high latitudes in winter and spring, and to simulate the formation of an ozone hole in Antarctica. The dynamics of both hemispheres is simulated by applying at the lower boundary of the model (8.5 km) a wavelike perturbation representing qualitatively a climatological tropospheric forcing. The chemical heterogeneous processes converting chlorine reservoirs into active chlorine in cold air masses are parameterized. The model simulates the behavior of nitrogen oxides, nitric acid, water vapor, methane, hydrogen radicals, chlorine compounds, and ozone. It reproduces important features observed during different Antarctic and Arctic observation campaigns. The ozone hole in the southern hemisphere can only be simulated when the heterogeneous polar chemistry is taken into account. The springtime ozone depletion over Antarctica calculated in the model is thus mostly the result of chemical removal although the dynamics is responsible for the low temperature that triggers the large ozone loss rates. Unresolved questions are related to the strength of the vertical exchanges inside the vortex, the preconditioning of trace gases before and during the winter season, the behavior of the different trace gases as the vortex breaks down (dilution effects), accurate determination of the ozone sink inside the vortex, and a better quantitative estimation of the role of polar stratospheric clouds. Despite elevated concentrations of active chlorine at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere in late winter, no ozone hole is produced by the model, even with chlorine levels as high as 6 ppbv. This conclusion could, however, be modified for very stable and cold winters with delayed final warming.
Comparisons between MHD model calculations and observations of Cassini flybys of Titan

[ 1] The Cassini spacecraft passed by Titan on 26 October 2004 (Ta flyby) and 13 December 2004 (Tb flyby). In both cases the Cassini Orbiter entered Titan's ionosphere and flew through Titan's dynamic wake region. In this paper, we present our simulation results of these two flybys using our three-dimensional multispecies MHD model. This model is a slightly updated version of the model outlined by Ma et al. (2004a); the main difference is the inclusion of magnetic diffusion into the equations. The calculations used the best available upstream plasma and magnetic field parameters obtained by the Cassini instrument complement. The calculated parameters, corresponding to the Cassini flybys near the closest approach, are compared with the relevant observed values. There is a reasonably good but clearly not perfect agreement between the measured and calculated values. Some of these differences are believed to be due to the uncertainties and time variability associated with the upstream parameters and some differences must definitely be the result of the uncertainties in the parameters selected for the model, as well as the limitations associated with the MHD approximations.
Timescales for dust variability in the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) ice core in the last 100,000 years

The calcium (representing dust) concentration record of the last 100,000 years from the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) ice core shows a huge dynamic range (factor>100). The relationship between dust concentrations and temperature (represented by the oxygen isotope ratio) is not a simple one, as has often been assumed. A rapid alternation (factor of 5–10) between low concentrations during the Dansgaard-Oeschger interstadial periods and high levels in colder periods is superimposed on a long-term trend encompassing a further factor of 5–10. Within climate periods, there is only a very weak relationship between Ca concentration and temperature. Previous authors [Biscaye et al., 1997] have suggested that the most likely source for the increased dust is eastern Asia. For the first time, we consider each possible cause of both rapid and slow increases from source to deposition. We suggest that, to account for the size and rapidity of the fast changes, significantly higher wind speed in the source area is required, although changes in atmospheric residence time could also play a role. For the slower long-term variability, changes in transport speed or, possibly, route are probably also involved. Changes in the size of the source area could give some change on longer time periods. The probable importance of changes in source area wind speed, almost simultaneous with Greenland temperature changes, confirms that climatic parameters in high and low latitudes were strongly coupled through the atmosphere during glacial climatic changes. This adds to evidence that the atmospheric circulation system underwent almost instantaneous large-scale changes during the last glacial period.
The effect of pressure on the rate of dislocation recovery in olivine

Samples cut from single crystals of olivine which had been deformed in the laboratory were annealed for 1 hour at either 0.1-MPa or 500-MPa gas pressure to study the effect of pressure on the kinetics of dislocation recovery in olivine. After an anneal the dislocation structure was examined by transmission electron microscopy and compared with the dislocation structure in an unannealed ‘reference’ sample from the same deformed single crystal. For the range of annealing temperatures used, 1525–1675 K, the density of free dislocations decreased by dislocation-dislocation annihilation. The activation volume and activation energy for this dislocation recovery process were obtained from an analysis of the decrease in dislocation density as a function of temperature, for the two hydrostatic pressures, in terms of second-order kinetics. This analysis yields V = 11 ± 1 cm3/mol and Q = 300 ± 15 kJ/mol.
The Ediacaran macroalga Zhongbaodaophyton Chen et al. from South China

Wang, Y. , Wang, Y. , Du, W. & Xang, X. , 13.2. 2015. The Ediacaran macroalga Zhongbaodaophyton Chen et al. from South China. Alcheringa 39, xxx–xxx. ISSN 0311-5518 Zhongbaodaophyton Chen et al. (including two species Z. crassa Chen et al. and Z. robustus Wang et al.) is an Ediacaran macroscopic genus in the Wenghui biota from black shales of the upper Doushantuo Formation (ca 551–593 Ma) in northeastern Guizhou, South China. Zhongbaodaophyton has an unequally dichotomous thallus and a robust holdfast, resembling phaeophytes in morphology; however, its cytological features are not determinable from the carbonaceous compression fossils. Its thallus bears at least nine photosynthetic branches, and its holdfast consists of a globose tuberous rhizome with many unbranched or dichotomous filamentous rhizoids. In addition, these Ediacaran macroalgal species bear pith in the stipe and tuberous rhizome, which is a key feature of phaeophytes. Based on the measurements of 129 Z. robustus specimens, the degree of branching is closely related to the thallus length, the stipe width, and the width ratio of two primary branches; and the stipe width is correlated with the thallus length, the two primary branch widths, and the first branching angle. The thallus grew primarily upward to enhance its competitiveness for sunlight and/or nutrient uptake in the Ediacaran marine ecosystem. A turning point toward reduced growth rates may have occurred in the life history of Z. robustus individuals (at the fourth or fifth axial bifurcation). Yue Wang [gzyuewang@126.com], School of Resources and Environments, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550003, PR China; Ye Wang [gboywangye@126.com] and Xunlian Wang [wxl@cugb.edu. cn], School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; Wei Du [duwei@ea.c. u-tokyo.ac. jp], Department of Earth Science and Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
Zirconium, hafnium, and rare earth element partition coefficients for ilmenite and other minerals in high-Ti lunar mare basalts - An experimental study

Partition coefficients were determined for Gd, Lu, Hf, and Zr among ilmenite, armalcolite, and synthetic high-Ti mare basaltic melts at temperatures from 1122° to 1150°C, and at oxygen fugacities of IW × 100.5, by in situ analysis with the electron microprobe, using samples doped to percent concentration levels. Coefficients for Zr were also measured for samples containing 600–1600 ppm Zr, using a special high-sensitivity electron microprobe technique. In addition, coefficients were determined for Hf and Zr between chromian ulvospinel and melt, for Hf between pigeonite and melt, and for Lu between olivine and melt by microprobe analysis of samples doped to percent levels. Recommended values for ilmenite are D(Gd) = 0.006, D(Lu) = 0.09, D(Hf) = 0.42, and D(Zr) = 0.33. Recommended values for armalcolite are D(Gd) = 0.006, D(Lu) = 0.046, D(Hf) = 1.5, and D(Zr) = 0.9. Values measured using the microprobe are in general agreement with values measured by analyzing mineral separates from the sanle run products by isotope dilution at the USGS Isotope Lab in Denver. Agreement between microprobe and ID is within 3% for Hf, and within 10% for Zr. For Lu, the ID results were 15–35% lower than the microprobe values. The source of this disagreement has not been identified. Parition coefficients measured in this study and the collaborative ID study confirm the general results of earlier measurements. D values for ilmenite are less than 0.01 for the LREE (light rare earth element), are around 0.1 for the HREE (heavy rare earth elements), and are several times greater than this for Zr and Hf. These results constitute the first simultaneous experimental measurement of ilmenite distribution coefficients for the three important elements Lu, Hr, arid Zr in mare basaltic systems.
Simulation of the great flood of December 1870 in Rome

The inundation of the town of Rome during the great Tiber River flood of December 1870 is simulated by a depth-integrated two-dimensional varied flow model, using a constant inflow equal to the peak discharge of the flood. The model fits satisfactorily to the observed water elevations, both in the river and in the flooded areas. The development of the model is an important step in a research programme aimed at the reconstruction of the stage–discharge relationship of the Ripetta gauge in the nineteenth century, before that extensive work, undertaken in order to protect Rome from inundation, led to the present configuration of the riverbed. The use of the model allows some further insight into the behaviour of the flood in the flooded areas of the town. As an example, the peak river levels of the greatest historical flood, that of 1598, were used to simulate the flow, resulting in an estimated peak discharge of 4070 m3/s.
Rhodamine wt Dye Losses in a Mountain Stream Environment

: A significant fraction of rhodamine WT dye was lost during a short term multitracer injection experiment in a mountain stream environment. The conservative anion chloride and the sorbing cation lithium were concurrently injected. In-stream rhodamine WT concentrations were as low as 45 percent of that expected, based on chloride data. Concentration data were available from shallow‘wells’dug near the stream course and from a seep of suspected return flow. Both rhodamine WT dye and lithium were nonconservative with respect to the conservative chloride, with rhodamine WT dye closely following the behavior of the sorbing lithium. Nonsorption and sorption mechanisms for rhodamine WT loss in a mountain stream were evaluated in laboratory experiments. Experiments evaluating nonsorption losses indicated minimal losses by such mechanisms. Laboratory experiments using sand and gravel size streambed sediments show an appreciable capacity for rhodamine WT sorption. The detection of tracers in the shallow wells and seep indicates interaction between the stream and the flow in the surrounding subsurface, intergravel water, system. The injected tracers had ample opportunity for intimate contact with materials shown in the laboratory experiments to be potentially sorptive. It is suggested that in the study stream system, interaction with streambed gravel was a significant mechanism for the attenuation of rhodamine WT dye (relative to chloride).
Comparison of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations in Indoor and Outdoor Air and the Potential Significance of Inhalation as a Human Exposure Pathway

Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations were measured in air from a total of 14 different indoor environments in Birmingham and the West Midlands area of the United Kingdom and compared to ambient outdoor levels. In four instances, spatially and temporally consistent indoor and outdoor samples were taken for comparison. Other indoor samples were compared to 25 outdoor samples from the Birmingham area taken at regular intervals between February 1997 and February 1998. Higher levels were present in indoor air (1.1−69 ng of ∑PCB m-3, mean = 9.0 ng of ∑PCB m-3) than in outdoor air (0.08−1.5 ng of ∑PCB m-3, mean = 0.31 ng of ∑PCB m-3). This limited data set indicates daily mean background U.K. PCB intake via inhalation to be 110 ng of ∑PCB person-1 (0.7 pg of ∑i-TE person-1), with a range of 23−590 ng of ∑PCB person-1 (0.03−2 pg of ∑i-TE person-1). Inhalation may thus represent a significant exposure pathway to ∑PCB but not ∑i-TE for some individuals, given that 1992 daily U.K. intake of PCB via diet has.