Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Energy Involved in the Electric Change in Muscle and Nerve

Considerable electromotive forces are produced by the activity of excited muscles or nerves—up to three or four hundredths of a volt—and it was conceivable that an appreciable amount of energy might be involved in the currents set up in the tissue by them. This paper contains an examination of the question. In fig. 1 is shown a nerve fibre, on which rest electrodes (not shown) connected to an electrometer or galvanometer. Along the outside of the fibre is travelling, from right to left, a wave of negative potential, which velocity a cm. per second, having at any point distant x cm. along the nerve, and at time t seconds, a value y volts, as recorded on the electrometer, and shown (after the appropriate analysis) in the lower curve of the figure. We are not concerned here with the cause of this electromotive change, nor with what happens inside the fibre, but only with the physical results of it in an external circuit.
Overexpression of miR390b promotes stem elongation and height growth in Populus

Abstract MicroRNA390 (miR390) is involved in plant growth and development by down-regulating the expression of the downstream genes trans-acting short interfering RNA3 (TAS3) and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs (ARFs). There is a scarcity of research on the involvement of the miR390-TAS3-ARFs pathway in the stem development of Populus. Here, differentially expressed miRNAs during poplar stem development were screened by small RNA sequencing analysis, and a novel function of miR390b in stem development was revealed. Overexpression of miR390b (OE-miR390b) resulted in a large increase in the number of xylem fiber cells and a slight decrease in the cell length at the longitudinal axis. Overall increases in stem elongation and plant height were observed in the OE-miR390b plants. According to transcriptome sequencing results and transient co-expression analysis, TAS3.1 and TAS3.2 were identified as the target genes of miR390 in poplar and were negatively regulated by miR390 in the apex. The transcription levels of ARF3.2 and ARF4 were significantly repressed in OE-miR390b plants and strongly negatively correlated with the number of xylem fiber cells along the longitudinal axis. These findings indicate that the conserved miR390-TAS3-ARFs pathway in poplar is involved in stem elongation and plant height growth.
Numerical Investigation of Neutral and Unstable Planetary Boundary Layers

Abstract Results of numerical integrations are presented for a neutrally stratified planetary boundary layer containing a passive scalar, and for three unstable cases with upward heat flux. The air is assumed unsaturated. A total of either 16,000 or 32,000 grid points was used in a three-dimensional region with length and width several times the height of the boundary layer. A key result is the irrelevance of the neutral height scale, u*/f, and its replacement by the height zi of the inversion base which confines the convective mixing when m and only for the two slightly unstable cases were the vertical velocity eddies distinctly elongated as in Ekman-layer theories. At large instabilities it is shown how the friction velocity u/* loses its influence upon the turbulence intensifies and a convective velocity wale becomes important. Vertical profiles of mean wind, potential tempe.
Decentralized Control for Large-Scale Interconnected Nonlinear Systems Based on Barrier Lyapunov Function

We present a novel decentralized tracking control scheme for a class of large-scale nonlinear systems with partial state constraints. For the first time, backstepping design with the newly proposed BLF is incorporated to effectively deal with the control problem of nonlinear systems with interconnected constraints. To prevent the states of each subsystem from violating the constraints, we employ a special barrier Lyapunov function (BLF), which grows to infinity whenever its argument approaches some finite limits. By ensuring boundedness of the barrier Lyapunov function in the closed loop, we ensure that those limits are not transgressed. Asymptotic tracking is achieved without violation of the constraints, and all closed-loop signals remain bounded. In the end, an illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed control.
Incremental reduction in the lambda calculus and related reduction systems

An incremental algorithm is one that computes a function repeatedly on a series of inputs that differ only slightly from one another, yet avoids unnecessary duplication of computations from one input to the next. This thesis is a study of incremental computation in a general class of reduction systems, focusing particularly on the untyped lambda calculus and term rewriting systems. We also study implementation techniques used for such reduction systems and the question of the existence of optimal reduction strategies. Most of our results are based on a new class of reduction systems we define called regular replacement systems. These systems combine an abstract reduction relation with a notion of structure defined by a Brouwerian algebra. The reduction relation defines a computation system, while the algebra is used to define what constitutes an incremental change to some object. Numerous reduction systems, including many term and graph rewriting systems and a variant of the lambda calculus, constitute regular replacement systems. Among our results is a generalization of the lattice-theoretic reduction theory of Levy to regular replacement systems. This theory makes it possible to give a precise and intuitively appealing definition of what it means for both incremental and non-incremental computations to be optimal. We then investigate a family of term rewriting systems centered around a system we call $\bf{\Lambda}$CCL. Each of these systems is capable of simulating a normalizing reduction strategy in the lambda calculus. However, unlike the lambda calculus, the notion of substitution is an explicit part of $\bf{\Lambda}$CCL's semantics, rather than being relegated to the status of meta-theory. Our study culminates with the definition of a $\bf{\Lambda}$CCL-based incremental reduction algorithm. This algorithm is optimal, yet it is simple enough to allow a practical implementation. We believe that appropriate generalizations of the ideas embodied in the algorithm can be used in a variety of practical settings, particularly those in which an algorithm is expressed in a functional or applicative manner.
Effects of Omega-3-Rich Pork Lard on Serum Lipid Profile and Gut Microbiome in C57BL/6NJ Mice

Background and Aims Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of consuming omega-3-rich pork lard on the serum lipid profile and gut microbiome of the mice model. Methods and Results We divided 23 C57BL/6NJ males (16-week-old) into 3 groups, and each group received either a control diet, a high-fat diet of coconut oil (coconut oil), or a high-fat diet of omega-3-rich pork lard (omega lard) for 28 days. Thereafter, fasting serum lipids and fecal microbiomes were analyzed. The serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels of the omega lard-treated group were significantly reduced compared to the coconut oil-treated group (P < 0.05). However, the microbiome analysis revealed a significant increase in the abundance of Lachnospiraceae in the omega lard-treated group compared to the coconut oil-treated group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the increased serum lipid content was positively correlated with the abundance of Bacteroidaceae (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with the abundance of Lachnospiraceae (P < 0.05). Conclusions These findings suggested that omega-3-rich pork lard altered the serum lipid profile and gut microbiome in the mice model. Practical Application. The excellent protection offered by omega-3-rich pork lard against hyperlipidemia indicated that pork lard could be used as alternative cooking oil for health-conscious individuals. It could also be introduced as a functional ingredient for patients with hyperlipidemia.
Recursive-Cube-of-Rings (RCR) Revisited: Properties and Enhancement

We study recursive-cube-of-rings (RCR), a class of scalable graphs that can potentially provide rich inter-connection network topology for the emerging distributed and parallel computing infrastructure. Through rigorous proof and validating examples, we have corrected previous misunderstandings on the topological properties of these graphs, including node degree, symmetry, diameter and bisection width. To fully harness the potential of structural regularity through RCR construction, new edge connecting rules are proposed. The modified graphs, referred to as {\it Class-II RCR}, are shown to possess uniform node degrees, better connectivity and better network symmetry, and hence will find better application in parallel computing.
A Visual Study of Two-Phase Flow Patterns of HFC-134a and Lubricant Oil Mixtures

The two-phase flow patterns of HFC-134a with lubricant oil mixtures inside a smooth horizontal tube were experimentally elucidated. Tests were performed in an inside diameter of 7.8 mm having a lubricating oil concentration of 5%. Tests were made of mass fluxes ranging between 150 and 590 kg/m 2 s. The most obvious difference from oil-free cases reported is the presence of froth flow pattern. Apparently, this flow pattern is related to the increase of surface tension and viscosity. With the presence of lubricant oil, the onset of transition from stratified flow region to annular flow regime shifted to a lower value of superficial gas velocity. In addition, the tearing phenomenon of the refrigerant-oil mixtures may be related to its relevant properties such as wettability and surface tension.
Inventory optimization model of deteriorating items with nonlinear ramped type demand function

Inventory models for deteriorating items of a supply chain is of critical essence to the maritime industry. This study proposes a real and economically efficient multicriteria inventory policy of inventory models for deteriorating items of a supply chain with nonlinear ramp functions and permissible delay in payment under inflation, two conditions Shortages Followed by Inventory (SFI) and Inventory Followed by Shortages (IFS) have been considered for the formulation of models. Both the models consist of ordering cost, unit cost, deterioration cost, shortage cost and holding cost with replenishment where delay in payments is allowed. The development of these models is to minimize the total average cost per unit time. In order to validate the models, numerical examples have been considered and the sensitivity of several major parameters of exponential and quadratic functions is analyzed. From the numerical result, it is clear that the cost per unit time of IFS model decreases with the increment of the values of parameters of the quadratic function and holding cost whereas, with the increment of the values of parameters of the exponential function as well as holding cost per unite time, the cost per unit time of SFI model decreases. However, if the values of the parameters of the exponential functions as well as ordering cost and shortage cost increase, the cost per unit time of IFS model increases. On the other hand, it will also increase considering SFI condition, if the values of parameters of the quadratic function as well as ordering cost and shortage cost increase. Finally, it is observed that the model considering IFS case works better than SFI model up to a certain level.
Reduced Fitness and Elevated Oxidative Stress in the Marine Copepod Tigriopus japonicus Exposed to the Toxic Dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi

Blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi cause devastation to marine life, including declines of fitness and population recruitment. However, little is known about the effects of them on benthic copepods. Here, we assessed the acute and chronic effects of K. mikimotoi on the marine benthic copepod Tigriopus japonicus. Results showed that adult females maintained high survival (>85%) throughout 14-d incubation, but time-dependent reduction of survival was detected in the highest K. mikimotoi concentration, and nauplii and copepodites were more vulnerable compared to adults. Ingestion of K. mikimotoi depressed the grazing of copepods but significantly induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity, activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), and acetylcholinesterase. Under sublethal concentrations for two generations, K. mikimotoi reduced the fitness of copepods by prolonging development time and decreasing successful development rate, egg production, and the number of clutches. Our findings suggest that the bloom of K. mikimotoi may threaten copepod population recruitment, and its adverse effects are associated with oxidative stress.
Treatment of progressive ischemic stroke with low‑dose eptifibatide: A retrospective case‑control study

Progressive ischemic stroke (PIS) is a therapeutic challenge in clinical practice. The present retrospective study aimed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of eptifibatide in the treatment of PIS. The present study enrolled patients with PIS admitted to Xiangtan Central Hospital (Xiangtan, China) between March 2020 and March 2021 with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) progression scores of ≥2 points during the initial 72 h. Patients were then divided into two groups according to their different anti-platelet treatment regimens. The control group was administered anti-platelet aggregation with aspirin 100 mg/day, or aspirin 100 mg/day in combination with clopidogrel 75 mg/day, whilst eptifibatide was administered in the eptifibatide group in addition to the treatment regimen used in the control group. Changes in NIHSS scores at the time of progression and 7 days after treatment (∆NIHSS) were used to assess early neurological recovery, and there were no significant differences in ∆NIHSS and adverse reactions between the groups (P>0.05). Subgroup analysis was subsequently performed according to the type of blood vessel that was involved [large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) or small artery occlusion (SAO)]. For the SAO subgroup, the ∆NIHSS in the eptifibatide group was significantly superior to that of the control group (P=0.008), while for the LAA subgroup, there were no significant differences in ∆NIHSS between groups (P=0.334). The present retrospective study found that patients with PIS tolerated eptifibatide treatment well. Eptifibatide exerted different effects on patients with acute PIS involving different types of blood vessels compared with oral antiplatelet drugs. In addition, application of eptifibatide may lead to faster and earlier recovery in patients with SAO, but not in those with LAA. Low-dose eptifibatide is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with PIS caused by SAO.
Techno-economic assessment of an industrial project towards carbon neutrality

This paper describes the application of the system simulation platform Modelon Impact for techno-economical assessment of energy projects towards carbon neutrality. The control co-design approach applied in the work allows for rapid assessment of various technology options without the need for deriving complex control laws for the considered assets. The approach is here applied on an industrial use case where the goal is to identify the technology options that minimize the total cost of ownership while achieving carbon neutrality.
VLBA Observations of a Bursting Water Maser in Orion KL

We have performed multiepoch single-telescope and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations of an anomalously strong outburst of a water vapor maser in the Orion KL region that occurred in 1998. This burst, dubbed a superburst, exhibited a flux density increase that started in 1997 December and reached a maximum of 4.6 × 106 Jy in 1998 September; it then decreased to 0.2 × 106 Jy in 1999 February. The spatial and the velocity structure revealed by our observations showed that the bursting feature consisted of at least two components having two different peak velocities. Moreover, these two components exhibited a relative motion over 287 days with the relative position of the two components changing across the period of the outburst maximum. This suggests that an overlapping of two maser clouds caused the superburst. The brightness temperature reached 1016 K, while the line width was as narrow as 0.48 km s-1 at maximum phase. This extremely high brightness and narrow line width can be understood as the radiation from the maser being highly beamed.
Pattern and Explanation of Inter-City Crime Variation in South Korea

The primary purpose of this paper is to test the applicability of environmental criminology in South Korea. Moreover, it explores effective strategies from a spatial planning perspective by taking control of diverse spatial planning factors. The study area is South Korea, and the base year is 2016. A spatial econometric model is built to analyze the relationship between the built environment and three crimes (theft, violence, and sexual assault). As a result, the best spatial regression models for violent crime rate and sexual assault rate are a spatial error model (SEM) and a spatial autoregressive model (SAC), respectively. The most prominent finding is that the regression results in the three crimes are slightly different. The broken windows effect was negligible for significant crimes in South Korea. The influence of regional disorders on the incidence of crimes was marginal. In the three crime types, mixed land use affected rising crime rates, which aligns with some previous studies that mixed land use increases the likelihood of crime incidences. In contrast with a series of relevant works, brighter nighttime light has not effectively decreased crimes in South Korea. In South Korea, closed-circuit television (CCTV) did not play a role in deterring crimes. Lastly, socio-economic characteristics were closely connected with crime rates in South Korea. The theft rate, violent crime rate, and sexual assault rate confirm the reliability of environmental criminology. Although this study has examined the likelihood of applying environmental criminology, further research and discussions are followed for concrete plans.
THE SPECTRAL PROBLEM AND *-REPRESENTATIONS OF ALGEBRAS ASSOCIATED WITH DYNKIN GRAPHS

We study the connection between *-representations of algebras associated with graphs, locally-scalar graph representations and the problem about the spectrum of a sum of two Hermitian operators. For algebras associated with Dynkin graphs we give an explicit description of the parameters for which there are irreducible representations and an algorithm for constructing these representations.
A piezoelectric 3D hexahedral curvilinear finite element based on the space fiber rotation concept

The paper is focused on a piezoelectric 3D hexahedral finite element formulation on the basis of the space fiber rotation concept. The proposed electromechanical finite element has eight nodes and is animated by the virtual rotation of an elementary spatial fiber that creates an additional mechanical displacement enhancing the classical one generally considered to formulate the standard solid elements. The mechanical strain tensor and the electric field vector are expressed in a curvilinear coordinate system to handle the transverse isotropy behavior of piezoelectric materials. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed electromechanical element is less sensitive to mesh distortion than the standard piezoelectric solid elements. Besides, it is shown that the developed element response is better than those of the standard first‐order piezoelectric elements. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lutein inhibits tumor progression through the ATR/Chk1/p53 signaling pathway in non‐small cell lung cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related death. In particular, non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases. Due to tumor resistance and the toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents, it is increasingly critical to discover novel, potent antitumorigenic drugs for treating NSCLC. Lutein, a carotenoid, has been reported to exert toxic effects on cells in several tumor types. However, the detailed functions and underlying mechanisms of lutein in NSCLC remain elusive. The present study showed that lutein significantly and dose‐dependently inhibited cell proliferation, arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, and induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells. RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed that the p53 signaling pathway was the most significantly upregulated in lutein‐treated A549 cells. Mechanistically, lutein exerted antitumorigenic effects by inducing DNA damage and subsequently activating the ATR/Chk1/p53 signaling pathway in A549 cells. In vivo, lutein impeded tumor growth in mice and prolonged their survival. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the antitumorigenic potential of lutein and reveal its molecular mechanism of action, suggesting that lutein is a promising candidate for clinical NSCLC treatment.
Nanoliposomes as Drug Delivery Systems for Antifungal Therapy

Nanoliposomes are lipid bilayer nanostructures recently gaining popularity as drug delivery vehicles. Their biocompatibility, safety, high entrapment efficiency and drug release profiles have made them suitable candidates for biomedical applications. The treatment of fungal infec-tions is one of the most significantly researched fields in which nanoliposomes (NLPs) find a variety of uses. Although this topic has been referenced in several general reviews, it has never been thoroughly discussed. In our review, we give a detailed summary of the recent advance-ments made in this field, with a focus on encapsulated synthetic and natural antifungal agents for oral, parenteral, and transdermal applications, and the numerous advantages they have over con-ventional antifungal therapies, recent strategies at site-specific targeting using targeting moieties, as well as highlighting the safety concerns associated with NLP nanocarriers.
Deep Learning-Based Glaucoma Screening Using Regional RNFL Thickness in Fundus Photography

Since glaucoma is a progressive and irreversible optic neuropathy, accurate screening and/or early diagnosis is critical in preventing permanent vision loss. Recently, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become an accurate diagnostic tool to observe and extract the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), which closely reflects the nerve damage caused by glaucoma. However, OCT is less accessible than fundus photography due to higher cost and expertise required for operation. Though widely used, fundus photography is effective for early glaucoma detection only when used by experts with extensive training. Here, we introduce a deep learning-based approach to predict the RNFL thickness around optic disc regions in fundus photography for glaucoma screening. The proposed deep learning model is based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) and utilizes images taken with fundus photography and with RNFL thickness measured with OCT for model training and validation. Using a dataset acquired from normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients, the trained model can estimate RNFL thicknesses in 12 optic disc regions from fundus photos. Using intuitive thickness labels to identify localized damage of the optic nerve head and then estimating regional RNFL thicknesses from fundus images, we determine that screening for glaucoma could achieve 92% sensitivity and 86.9% specificity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis results for specificity of 80% demonstrate that use of the localized mean over superior and inferior regions reaches 90.7% sensitivity, whereas 71.2% sensitivity is reached using the global RNFL thicknesses for specificity at 80%. This demonstrates that the new approach of using regional RNFL thicknesses in fundus images holds good promise as a potential screening technique for early stage of glaucoma.