Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological Characterization of a Putative Supporting Cell Isolated from the Frog Taste Disk

Chemosensory cells in vertebrate taste organs have two obvious specializations: an apical membrane with access to the tastants occurring in food, and synapses with sensory axons. In many species, however, certain differentiated taste cells have access to the tastants but lack any synaptic contacts with axons, and a supportive rather than chemosensory function has been attributed to them. Until now, no functional data are available for these taste cells. To begin to understand their role in taste organ physiology, we have characterized with patch-clamp recording techniques the electrophysiological properties of a putative supporting cell—the so-called wing cell—isolated from frog taste disks. Wing cells were distinguished from chemosensory elements by the presence of a typical, sheet-like apical process. Their resting potential was approximately −52 mV, and the average input resistance was 4.8 GΩ. Wing cells possessed voltage-gated Na+ currents sensitive to TTX, and an inactivating, voltage-gated K+ current sensitive to TEA. Current injections elicited single action potentials but not repetitive firing. We found no evidence for voltage-gated Ca2+ currents under various experimental conditions. Amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels, thought to be involved in Na+ chemotransduction, were present in wing cells. Many of the membrane properties of wing cells have been also reported for chemosensory taste cells. The presence of ion channels in wing cells might be suggestive of a role in controlling the microenvironment inside the taste organs or the functioning of chemosensory cells or both. In addition, they might participate directly in the sensory transduction events by allowing loop currents to flow inside the taste organs during chemostimulation.
Real-time trajectory optimization under motion uncertainty using a GPU

This paper presents a sampling-based planning method considering motion uncertainty to generate more human-like driving paths for automated vehicles. Given information in the form of a small set of rules and driving heuristics the planning system optimizes trajectories in a seven dimensional state space. In a post-processing step a set of candidates is evaluated considering the uncertainty of the vehicles motion executing the given trajectory using a Linear-Quadratic Gaussian (LQG). This addresses the problem of indecisive planning behavior in case the optimal solution is unlikely to be followed precisely. The results of our experiments show that the mobile graphics processing unit (GPU) technology can be used as an enabler for real-time applications of computationally expensive planning approaches.
Iterative learning control using optimal feedback and feedforward actions

An algorithm for iterative learning control is developed on the basis of an optimization principle which has been used previously to derive gradient-type algorithms. The new algorithm has numerous benefits which include realization in terms of Riccati feedback and feedforward components. This realization also has the advantage of implicitly ensuring automatic step size selection and hence guaranteeing convergence without the need for empirical choice of parameters. The algorithm is expressed as a very general norm optimization problem in a Hilbert space setting and hence, in principle, can be used for both continuous and discrete time systems. A basic relationship with almost singular optimal control is outlined. The theoretical results are illustrated by simulation studies which highlight the dependence of the speed of convergence on parameters chosen to represent the norm of the signals appearing in the optimization problem.
2 Prior Problems and Concerns

A public ledger is a tamperproof sequence of data that can be read and augmented by everyone. Public ledgers have innumerable and compelling uses. They can secure, in plain sight, all kinds of transactions —such as titles, sales, and payments— in the exact order in which they occur. Public ledgers not only curb corruption, but also enable very sophisticated applications —such as cryptocurrencies and smart contracts. They stand to revolutionize the way a democratic society operates. As currently implemented, however, they scale poorly and cannot achieve their potential. Algorand is a truly democratic and efficient way to implement a public ledger. Unlike prior implementations based on proof of work, it requires a negligible amount of computation, and generates a transaction history that will not fork with overwhelmingly high probability. Algorand works with traditional blockchains, but also puts forward alternative and more efficient ways to structure blocks of data, which may be of independent interest. For concreteness, we shall describe Algorand only as a money platform.
Classification of Inhibitors of Hepatic Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides (OATPs): Influence of Protein Expression on Drug–Drug Interactions

The hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) influence the pharmacokinetics of several drug classes and are involved in many clinical drug–drug interactions. Predicting potential interactions with OATPs is, therefore, of value. Here, we developed in vitro and in silico models for identification and prediction of specific and general inhibitors of OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP2B1. The maximal transport activity (MTA) of each OATP in human liver was predicted from transport kinetics and protein quantification. We then used MTA to predict the effects of a subset of inhibitors on atorvastatin uptake in vivo. Using a data set of 225 drug-like compounds, 91 OATP inhibitors were identified. In silico models indicated that lipophilicity and polar surface area are key molecular features of OATP inhibition. MTA predictions identified OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 as major determinants of atorvastatin uptake in vivo. The relative contributions to overall hepatic uptake varied with isoform specificities of the inhibitors.
Micro-blogging Content Analysis via Emotionally-Driven Clustering

Microblogging has become commonplace and created new methods of communication, contributing significantly to information sharing. This holds since microblogging focuses on sharing content while building social relations among people who share the same interests and/or activities. In this context, people's perception and emotions towards a specific subject is a valuable piece of information and sentiment and affective analysis play an important role. In this paper, an affective analysis methodology is proposed, which is a lexicon-based technique, for capturing the wisdom of crowds, as well as the social pulse and the trends, through the more accurate assessment of human emotion states. The methodology adopted involves the monitoring of the emotions' intensity, i.e. how strong or weak the emotional states of the published information are. The results suggest that the proposed approach manages to efficiently capture people's emotions as these were recorded in datasets derived from Twitter.
A cell-free assay for the insertion of a viral glycoprotein into the plasma membrane

A cell-free assay has been developed for the delivery of influenza virus neuraminidase to the plasma membrane. Two types of postnuclear supernatant, which acted as donor and acceptor of the enzyme, were prepared from baby hamster kidney cells. Donor preparations were obtained from cells infected with influenza virus and containing neuraminidase en route to the plasma membrane. Acceptor preparations were obtained from cells containing, bound to their plasma membranes, Semliki Forest virus with envelope glycoproteins bearing [3H]N- acetylneuraminic acid. Fusion between vesicles from these two preparations permits access of the enzyme to its substrate, which results in the release of free [3H]N-acetylneuraminic acid. This release was detected through the transfer of radioactivity from a trichloroacetic acid-insoluble to a trichloroacetic acid-soluble fraction. An ATP-dependent component of release was found, which appears to be a consequence of vesicle fusion. This component was enhanced when the donor was prepared from cells in which the enzyme had been concentrated in a compartment between the Golgi complex and the plasma membrane, which indicates that a specific exocytic fusion event has been reconstituted. The extent of fusion is greatly reduced by pre- treatment of donor and acceptor preparations with trypsin, which points to the involvement of proteins in the fusion reaction.
Adaptive planar and rotational image stitching for mobile devices

A novel stitching method is presented that is capable of automatically determining the panorama type, planar or rotational, form a set of input images. The proposed method distinguishes between two kinds of panoramas, which we achieve through homography parametrization for the estimation of a global camera motion. The presented algorithm is part of a complete image stitching pipeline, where the determined panorama type is utilized for adaptive bundle adjustment with a matching number of degrees of freedom (DOFs). For planar scenes bundle adjustment for the homography's full eight DOFs are used, while three DOFs have proven to be sufficient for rotational panoramas. Knowledge about the panorama type yields significant advantages with regard to the selection of a mapping surface and the over all processing time and memory usage, which is especially import when being used on mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, and digital cameras. For rotational panoramas, a spherical mapping surface is chosen, while a planar surface is suitable for a planar panorama. The resulting panorama image thus adequately represents the obseved scene in both cases, which cannot be achieved by current methods. The method was implemented on an iPhone 5S and tested on 50 scenes. Computation times for processing between 5 and 15 images for rotational and planar stitching ranged from 3 to 15 seconds with peak memory usage below 100 MB in all cases. The average reprojection error was slightly higher for rotational stitching but well below 1.5 pixels in each case.
The research methodology to investigate the long-tail learning effect on alumni from a large team project

Previous pedagogical research at Sheffield Hallam University by Todd et al (2006) has identified that final year students have valued final year projects to extend their degree learning experience. However, any long-term effect on their personal professional development as a graduate has not been assessed previously. This paper discusses both quantitative and qualitative research methods adopted in a comparative study of two types of individual dissertation projects; the traditional versus alternative sub-project of a larger longitudinal (over 6 years) group project led and managed by level 7 students. A student researcher has been employed to minimise bias and foster an equal’s relationship between researcher and graduate. The goal is to gather insight into the alumni experiences, lessons learnt, to inform future practices and to enrich the final year project experience at Hallam.
Simulation and Control of a Biped Walking Robot using Kinematic and Dynamic Modelling

In this article, we intend to consider the behavior and control of a biped walking robot using kinematic and dynamic relations. At first, by using simple model of humanoid robot and essentional equations the angles, angular velocities, accelerations of motors and required torques for moving on a straight line are find out. In the second step considering numerical values of the robot parameters and constructing the dynamic model the abilities of robot are examined and simulated. Keywords—Humanoid robot; simulation; control
Extensions of the Homotopy Lie Algebra of the Yang-Mills Theory: Important Examples

We consider several examples of nontrivial extensions of the recently proposed homotopy Lie algebra, which is related to (BV) Yang-Mills theory. The first example leads to the gauge fixing procedure of the pure (BV) Yang-Mills theory. The second and third examples correspond to the scalar fields and Dirac fermions coupled to a gauge field. Both these theories are expressed in the homotopy Chern-Simons form. This points out the possibility of a complete “Homotopy Description” of Field Theories.
A New Context-Aware Measure for Semantic Distance Using a Taxonomy and a Text Corpus

Having a reliable semantic similarity measure between words/concepts can have major effect in many fields like information retrieval and information integration. A major lack in the existing semantic similarity measures is that no one takes into account the actual context or the considered domain. However, two concepts similar in one context may appear completely unrelated in another context. In this paper, we present a new context-based semantic distance. Then, we propose to combine it with classical approaches dealing with taxonomies and corpora. Our correlation ratio of 0.89 with human judgments on a set of words pairs led our approach to outperform all the other approaches.
The Effects of Voluntary Exercise on a Rodent Model of Binge Eating

Binge eating disorder (BED) is an eating disorder involving repeated, intermittent over consumption of food in brief periods of time, usually with no compensatory behaviors. There are few successful treatments and the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. In the current study, we hypothesized that voluntary wheel running activity could reduce binge eating behavior in a rat model. Rats were given intermittent (3 times/wk) limited (1hr) access to a high-fat food (Crisco), in addition to continuously available chow. Crisco was available every Mon, Wed, and Fri for 1h before dark onset. Rats were divided into 2 groups: those with (RW) and those without running wheel access (SED). Based on week 1 Crisco intake, both groups were divided into Binge Eating Prone (BEP) and Resistant (BER) animals. Binge intake escalated in both the SED and RW groups. Within both SED and RW groups, the BEP rats ate significantly more Crisco than the BER rats. There was no difference in Crisco intakes of the BEP rats between the SED and RW groups, but the RW BER rats ate significantly less Crisco than the SED-BER rats. There was a significant increase in PFC Oprm1 mRNA in the SED BEP group relative to SED-BER, as well as decreased NAc Oprm1 mRNA and a trend toward increased TH mRNA expression in the VTA of the RW-BER rats. These results were not consistent with our overall hypothesis in that RW access did not decrease Crisco intake in the BEP rats. Overall, access to a RW and the resulting activity reduced binge behavior in the RW-BER animals as well as modulated the effects of bingeing on brain reward systems.
An integral friction model

In this paper, an integral friction model is proposed, defining separately the Dahl, the Stribeck and the microviscous effects. The model is based on an integral closed form solution of the Dahl model. It is shown by simulation that the model is consistent with the LuGre model, while being computationally more efficient. A limit solution of the proposed model avoids the nonphysical drifts, a drawback of the LuGre model recently addressed in the literature.
Morphological evaluation of monocytes and their precursors

This study establishes morphological definitions so that monocytes, including immature monocytes, can be reliably separated from the spectrum of monocyte precursors. The monocyte is still the most difficult cell to identify with confidence in the peripheral blood or in the bone marrow in healthy individuals as well as in patients with infections, and in those with leukemic proliferations. The goal of this study was to establish morphological definitions so that monocytes, including immature monocytes, could be separated from the spectrum of monocyte precursors. Cells from peripheral blood or bone marrow were selected to provide a large panel of normal and leukemic cells at different maturational stages and were submitted to 5 experts, who had previously reached a consensus, on the basis of microscopy, in defining 4 subtypes: monoblast, promonocyte, immature monocyte, mature, monocyte. They achieved a good concordance rate of 76.6% and a high κ rate confirming that the criteria for defining the 4 subtypes could be applied consistently. It has now to be established whether these monocyte subtypes correlate with immunological or molecular markers and are clinically relevant.
Practical defenses against pollution attacks in wireless network coding

Recent studies have shown that network coding can provide significant benefits to network protocols, such as increased throughput, reduced network congestion, higher reliability, and lower power consumption. The core principle of network coding is that intermediate nodes actively mix input packets to produce output packets. This mixing subjects network coding systems to a severe security threat, known as a pollution attack, where attacker nodes inject corrupted packets into the network. Corrupted packets propagate in an epidemic manner, depleting network resources and significantly decreasing throughput. Pollution attacks are particularly dangerous in wireless networks, where attackers can easily inject packets or compromise devices due to the increased network vulnerability. In this article, we address pollution attacks against network coding systems in wireless mesh networks. We demonstrate that previous solutions are impractical in wireless networks, incurring an unacceptable high degradation of throughput. We propose a lightweight scheme, DART, that uses time-based authentication in combination with random linear transformations to defend against pollution attacks. We further improve system performance and propose EDART, which enhances DART with an optimistic forwarding scheme. We also propose efficient attacker identification schemes for both DART and EDART that enable quick attacker isolation and the selection of attacker-free paths, achieving additional performance improvement. A detailed security analysis shows that the probability of a polluted packet passing our verification procedure is very low (less than 0.002% in typical settings). Performance results using the well-known MORE protocol and realistic link quality measurements from the Roofnet experimental testbed show that our schemes improve system performance over 20 times compared with previous solutions.
Hierarchical Maximum-Margin Clustering

We present a hierarchical maximum-margin clustering method for unsupervised data analysis. Our method extends beyond flat maximummargin clustering, and performs clustering recursively in a top-down manner. We propose an effective greedy splitting criteria for selecting which cluster to split next, and employ regularizers that enforce feature sharing/competition for capturing data semantics. Experimental results obtained on four standard datasets show that our method outperforms flat and hierarchical clustering baselines, while forming clean and semantically meaningful cluster hierarchies.
Volume comparison of DC-DC converters for electric vehicles

One of the main problems in autonomous electric vehicles is the volume of the electrical systems, because bulky components carry additional mass and high cost to the total system. Consequently, Interleaving phases and magnetic coupling techniques have been reported as effective methods for increasing the power density of the DC-DC converters that interface the storage unit with the electric motor. However, there are several converter topologies that use these techniques. Therefore, a volume assessment of these topologies is required in order to have a complete understanding when an electric power train is designed. In this paper, a volume modeling methodology is introduced with the purpose of comparing four different DC-DC converter topologies: Single-Phase Boost, Two-Phase Interleaved with non-coupled inductor, Loosely Coupled Inductor (LCI) and Integrated Winding Coupled Inductor (IWCI). This analysis considers the volume of magnetic components, power devices (conventional and next-generation), cooling devices and capacitors. As a result, interleaving phases and magnetic coupling techniques were validated as effective to downsize power converters. In particular, it was found that LCI and IWCI converters offer lower volume in comparison with other topologies.
Advances in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence

TheNationalCongressonComputing(ENC)has becomeone of the most important conferences at national levelgiven that provides a forum of exposition of the advancesin Computer Sciences and, at the same time, a gather-ing space of the related community. On the ENC ’03edition the Mexican scientiﬁc community proposed sevenworkshops: Advances in Databases and Information Re-trieval, Mobile Computing, Reconﬁgurable ComputingandFPGA’s, LogicandAgents, LearningObjects, Learn-ing Machine and Software Engineering.On the Logic and Agents workshop, some works relatedto the problem of updates in ASP logic programs werepresented. In this context, it was proposed an extensionof the AGM postulates based on the notions of knowledgeandbelief. Itwasproposedanewdeﬁnitionof
EphA6 promotes angiogenesis and prostate cancer metastasis and is associated with human prostate cancer progression

Metastasis is the primary cause of prostate cancer (CaP)-related death. We investigate the molecular, pathologic and clinical outcome associations of EphA6 expression and CaP metastasis. The expression profiling of Eph receptors (Ephs) and their ephrin ligands was performed in parental and metastatic CaP cell lines. Among Ephs and ephrins, only EphA6 is consistently overexpressed in metastatic CaP cells. Metastatic potential of EphA6 is assessed by RNAi in a CaP spontaneous metastasis mouse model. EphA6 knock-down in human PC-3M cells causes decreased invasion in vitro and reduced lung and lymph node metastasis in vivo. In addition, knock-down of EphA6 decreases tube formation in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. EphA6 mRNA expression is higher in 112 CaP tumor samples compared with benign tissues from 58 benign prostate hyperplasia patients. Positive correlation was identified between EphA6 expression and vascular invasion, neural invasion, PSA level, and TNM staging in CaP cases. Further, genome-wide gene expression analysis in EphA6 knock-down cells identified a panel of differentially regulated genes including PIK3IPA, AKT1, and EIF5A2, which could contribute to EphA6-regulated cancer progression. These findings identify EphA6 as a potentially novel metastasis gene which positively correlates with CaP progression. EphA6 may be a therapeutic target in metastatic CaP.
Enridged contour maps

The visualization of scalar functions of two variables is a classic and ubiquitous application. We present a new method to visualize such data. The method is based on a nonlinear mapping of the function to a height field, followed by visualization as a shaded mountain landscape. The method is easy to implement and efficient, and leads to intriguing and insightful images: The visualization is enriched by adding ridges. Three types of applications are discussed: visualization of iso-levels, clusters (multivariate data visualization), and dense contours (flow visualization).
Visual Navigation of a Museum Guide Robot

This paper presents a novel approach to visual navigation of a museum guide robot - ATLAS, which can detect visitors nearby and interact with them via voice and a touching screen. The software architecture of the robot is presented to show how this complex system is organized. Furthermore, a fast and robust multi-sensor based navigation is explained. Some experimental results are presented to show the feasibility and performance of the proposed system