Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of quantitative immunohistochemistry and quantum dot immunohistochemistry for mutation carrier identification in Lynch syndrome

Aims Lynch Syndrome is caused by mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Mutation carrier identification is facilitated by immunohistochemical detection of the MMR proteins MHL1 and MSH2 in tumour tissue and is desirable as colonoscopic screening reduces mortality. However, protein detection by conventional immunohistochemistry (IHC) is subjective, and quantitative techniques are required. Quantum dots (QDs) are novel fluorescent labels that enable quantitative multiplex staining. This study compared their use with quantitative 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) IHC for the diagnosis of Lynch Syndrome. Methods Tumour sections from 36 mutation carriers and six controls were obtained. These were stained with DAB on an automated platform using antibodies against MLH1 and MSH2. Multiplex QD immunofluorescent staining of the sections was performed using antibodies against MLH1, MSH2 and smooth muscle actin (SMA). Multispectral analysis of the slides was performed. The staining intensity of DAB and QDs was measured in multiple colonic crypts, and the mean intensity scores calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of staining performance for the identification of mutation carriers were evaluated. Results For quantitative DAB IHC, the area under the MLH1 ROC curve was 0.872 (95% CI 0.763 to 0.981), and the area under the MSH2 ROC curve was 0.832 (95% CI 0.704 to 0.960). For quantitative QD IHC, the area under the MLH1 ROC curve was 0.812 (95% CI 0.681 to 0.943), and the area under the MSH2 ROC curve was 0.598 (95% CI 0.418 to 0.777). Conclusions Despite the advantage of QD staining to enable several markers to be measured simultaneously, it is of lower utility than DAB IHC for the identification of MMR mutation carriers. Automated DAB IHC staining and quantitative slide analysis may enable high-throughput IHC.
Relationship between neurocognitive performance and body composition of men and women exposed to organic solvents

It was investigate the effect of organic solvents on the neurocognitive performance of men and women with and without chronic exposure to organic solvents and verify correlations between neurocognitive performance and body composition indices. Participants included 14 men and 14 exposed women and 14 men and 14 unexposed women. The Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, the Rey Complex Figure (RCF; Copy and Memory), sociodemographic questionnaire, and bioimpedance evaluation were used. There was a signifi cant difference between exposed and non-exposed women in all tests. Comparison between exposed and non-exposed men showed a signifi cant difference in TMT-A, RCF-Copy, and RCF-Memory. However, there was no signifi cant difference between sexes. Regarding the comparison between neurocognitive performance and body composition indices, for exposed women, there was a signifi cant correlation between RCFCopy and water, body weight, fat mass, and lean mass. Regarding the exposed men, there was a signifi cant correlation between TMT-B and WHR (waist-hip ratio) and visceral fat. In general, organic solvents can affect neurocognitive performance and the effects of chronic exposure depend on the accuracy of the neurocognitive test and the body composition index.
Defective Histone Acetylation Is Responsible for the Diminished Expression of Cyclooxygenase 2 in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

ABSTRACT Diminished cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression in fibroblasts, with a resultant defect in the production of the antifibrotic mediator prostaglandin E2, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Here, we have characterized the molecular mechanism. We found that COX-2 mRNA levels in fibroblasts from patients with IPF (F-IPF) were significantly lower than those in fibroblasts from nonfibrotic lungs (F-NL) after transforming growth factor β1 and interleukin-1β treatment but that COX-2 mRNA degradation rates were similar, suggesting defective transcription. A reporter gene assay showed that there were no clear differences between F-IPF and F-NL in transcription factor involvement and activation in COX-2 gene transcription. However, a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that transcription factor binding to the COX-2 promoter in F-IPF was reduced compared to that in F-NL, an effect that was dynamically linked to reduced histone H3 and H4 acetylation due to decreased recruitment of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and increased recruitment of transcriptional corepressor complexes to the COX-2 promoter. The treatment of F-IPF with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors together with cytokines increased histone H3 and H4 acetylation. Both HDAC inhibitors and the overexpression of HATs restored cytokine-induced COX-2 mRNA and protein expression in F-IPF. The results demonstrate that epigenetic abnormality in the form of histone hypoacetylation is responsible for diminished COX-2 expression in IPF.
Synthesis of room transfer function over a region of space by multiple measurements using a higher-order directional microphone

Spatial sound field recording and reproduction in reverberant rooms require the measurement of room transfer functions (RTF) and corresponding compensation such as room equalization to avoid unintended effects. Typically, the RTF rapidly varies over the room and hence requires a large number of point to point measurements to characterize the room. This paper provides (i) an efficient parameterization of the three dimensional acoustic transfer function over a region of space and (ii) a method to merge distributed multiple measurements by a higher order microphone (such as a spherical array) to analyze and synthesize the room transfer function over a region of space. The proposed method is shown to be a practical way of measuring the RTF over large areas with a significantly reduced number of measurements and improved robustness.
Greedy approach for image restoration based on energy minimization

Image restoration can be seen as a problem of finding a function (restored image) that minimizes an energy that models the noise. This global optimization problem can be mapped to a problem of minimal cuts in a graph. Based on greedy assumptions, we propose an alternative approach and we deal with this problem as a set of local optimization tasks. We obtain a fast algorithm that aproximates the global minimum. We compare our method with the minimal cut method and realize the we obtain good quality restorations. Keywords-image restoration; graph-cuts; priority queue;
Relying on the Census in Urban Social Science

Census data have long been a key tool for urban research, and the approaching 2020 Census offers a natural moment to reflect on how we use it. The highly partisan plan to include a citizenship question has recently captured our attention. I suggest that its short–term effects may be modest since immigrant communities already are suspicious of government surveillance and many will prefer to stay hidden regardless of the census questionnaire. I raise several other kinds of questions about the reliance of urban researchers on census data. These include concerns about how we treat census tracts as neighborhoods, how we accept census statistics at face value, and how readily available and increasingly useful quantitative data sources may be crowding out ethnographic research. I also comment on new approaches such as spatial analysis and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and opportunities for linking individual and place–level data with one another and following both over time.
Security framework for low latency vanet applications

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is a communication network for vehicles on the highway. Presently, VANET technology is surrounded with security challenges and it is essentially important for VANET to successfully implement a security measure according to the safety applications requirements. Many academia researcher have suggested a various solutions to encounter security attacks and also proposed models to strengthen security characteristics. The current most suitable security scheme for VANET is an Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA). However ECDSA is associated with high computational cost, therefore it is considered an inappropriate approach for low latency safety applications. In this study, a security framework is proposed to solve above issues; a proposed framework utilizes both traditional cryptographic schemes; asymmetric PKI and symmetric respectively. The asymmetric cryptography scheme is used to securely exchange the key and authentication process and symmetric cryptography scheme is used for low latency safety application (especially time critical safety applications). The suggested framework is not only reduce the latency but also enhance the security cryptography characteristics by establishing trust between ongoing vehicles.
Microprocessor Verification using RT-Level Static Analysis Techniques

We present a technique for automatic verification of pipelin ed microprocessors using model checking. Antecedent conditioned slicing is an efficient ab str ction technique for hardware designs at the Register Transfer Level (RTL). Antecedent cond iti ed slicing prunes the verification state space, using information from the antecedent of a give n LTL property. In this work, we model instructions of a pipelined processor into LTL proper ties, such that the instruction opcode forms the antecedent. We use antecedent conditioned slicin g to decompose the problem space of pipelined processor verification on an instruction by ins truction basis. We pass the resulting smaller, tractable problems through several lower level ve rification engines. We thereby verify that every instruction behaves according to the specification and ensure that non-target registers are not modified by the instruction. We us several Boolean level verification engines that use different algorithms to verify all the inst ruc ion classes of a Verilog RTL implementation of the OR1200, an off-the-shelf pipelined proces sor.
Membangun Profesionalisme Guru dalam Bingkai Pendidikan Karakter

Teachers are professional educators with the primary task of educating, teaching, guiding, directing, training, assessing, and evaluating learners in early childhood education, primary education, and secondary education. Professional is a work or activity undertaken by a person and becomes a source of income of his life that requires expertise, skill or skill that meets certain quality or norm standards and requires professional education. As a profession, the competence that must be possessed by a teacher, namely personality competence, pedagogic competence, professional competence, and social competence. Teachers have a strategic role in the field of education, even other adequate educational resources are often meaningless if not accompanied by adequate teacher quality. Likewise, the opposite happen, if the quality teacher is poorly supported by other supporting resources are adequate, can also cause less optimal performance. In other words, teachers are at the forefront of improving the quality of education services and outcomes. In many cases, the quality of the education system as a whole is related to the quality of teachers. To that end, improving the quality of education should be done through efforts to improve the quality of teachers character. The professionalism of a teacher must be framed in character education, because to educate the character of the learner can only be done by a teacher of character. So, educating characters must be character, because the most effective way of educating is to set an example. Key words: Professionalism, character education, teachers, pedagogic systems, learners
HST OBSERVATIONS OF IP PEGASI IN QUIESCENCE : THE PRE-ECLIPSE SPECTRUM

We present time-resolved HST UV spectroscopy and ground-based optical photometry of the dwarf nova IP Peg in a quiescent state. The observations were obtained prior to an eclipse, when the bright spot caused by the impact of the accretion stream with the edge of the disk dominates the light output. The optical light curve is strongly correlated with the UV spectrophotometric flux curve. An emission-like feature near 1820 A in the UV spectrum is likely to be a manifestation of the ``Fe II curtain. '' Composite spectra constructed from the peaks and troughs of flickers in the light curve show substantial differences. The spectrum of the flickers is not adequately modelled by a simple blackbody, suggesting that a more sophisticated model is appropriate. We perform a cross-correlation analysis of the variability in spectrophotometric flux curves of the UV continuum and prominent UV emission lines (C II 1335, Si IV 1400, C IV 1550). The continuum and lines are not correlated, suggesting that they are produced separately. The C II and Si IV lines are moderately correlated with each other, but neither line is correlated with C IV, suggesting that the latter forms in a different region than the former. We briefly discuss a qualitative model for the geometry of the emission regions in IP Peg that is consistent with the observed behavior of the UV lines and continuum.
Color-based detection of vehicle lights

In this article, we present a first approach in the conception of a vision system dedicated to the detection of vehicles in reduced visibility conditions. It is based on a self-adaptive stereo vision extractor of 3D edges or obstacle and a color detection of vehicle lights. The detection of vehicle lights uses the L*a*b* color space. The vision system detects three kinds of vehicle lights: rear lights and rear-brake-lights; flashing and warning lights; reverse lights and headlights.
The moron comes of age

Prophage-encoded genes can provide a variety of benefits for their bacterial hosts. These beneficial genes are often contained within “moron” elements. Morons, thus termed as the insertion of the DNA encoding them adds “more on” the genome in which they are found, are independent transcriptional units disseminated among phage genomes through horizontal gene transfer. Morons have been identified in the majority of phage genomes and they have been found to play diverse roles in bacterial physiology. At present, we are only beginning to ascribe functions to the many proteins encoded within these ubiquitous genetic elements. Recently, we discovered that the first described moron-encoded protein, gp15 of phage HK97, is expressed from the HK97 prophage and functions as a superinfection exclusion protein, protecting its host from genome injection by other phages. This work and the growing body of data pertaining to other morons challenges the traditional view of phages as purely parasites of bacteria and emphasizes the symbiotic relationship between bacteria and prophages.
Comparative Behavioral and Biochemical Studies of Bowerbirds , and the Evolution of Bower-Building

Unprecedented human-induced changes in the environment are causing a rapid loss of species and their habitats. Common responses to the loss of biodiversity include habitat conservation and increased efforts to understand the origin and maintenance of biodiversity. While there is no doubt that these are critical activities, it is unclear the extent to which these and related conservation approaches can stem the tide of extinctions. Global threats such as climatic warming and ozone depletion place all species on the planet at risk and complicate attempts to determine the level of threat for particular species or communities. There must be an intensive effort to collect information about species before they go extinct or are relegated to reserves in degraded habitats. Otherwise, we never will have detailed information about the life history, specialized adaptations, social behavior, or relationships with other species for the vast majority of species that go extinct. For those left close to extinction in degraded habitats, in zoos, or in preserves, our ability to understand their ecological and evolutionary relationships to other species and the surrounding habitat will be greatly compromised. Wilson (1992) describes “unmined riches” locked in the diverse and poorly known biotas. He offers recent discoveries of natural seed stocks and the use of secondary compounds from plants as pharmaceutical agents as examples of such riches. But biologists have been less emphatic about the unmined intellectual resources that are lost with extinction. As species go extinct and habitats are degraded, the opportunity to use natural communities as sources of information about basic physiological, ecological, and evolutionary processes is lost forever. CHAPTER 18
A Costimulatory Function for T Cell CD401

CD40 plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammation and autoimmunity. B cell CD40 directly activates cells, which can result in autoantibody production. T cells can also express CD40, with an increased frequency and amount of expression seen in CD4+ T lymphocytes of autoimmune mice, including T cells from mice with collagen-induced arthritis. However, the mechanisms of T cell CD40 function have not been clearly defined. To test the hypothesis that CD40 can serve as a costimulatory molecule on T lymphocytes, CD40+ T cells from collagen-induced arthritis mice were examined in parallel with mouse and human T cell lines transfected with CD40. CD40 served as effectively as CD28 in costimulating TCR-mediated activation, including induction of kinase and transcription factor activities and production of cytokines. An additional enhancement was seen when both CD40 and CD28 signals were combined with AgR stimulation. These findings reveal potent biologic functions for T cell CD40 and suggest an additional means for amplification of autoimmune responses.
Visual Recognition using Embedded Feature Selection for Curvature Self-Similarity

Category-level object detection has a crucial need for informative object representations. This demand has led to feature descriptors of ever increasing dimensionality like co-occurrence statistics and self-similarity. In this paper we propose a new object representation based on curvature self-similarity that goes beyond the currently popular approximation of objects using straight lines. However, like all descriptors using second order statistics, ours also exhibits a high dimensionality. Although improving discriminability, the high dimensionality becomes a critical issue due to lack of generalization ability and curse of dimensionality. Given only a limited amount of training data, even sophisticated learning algorithms such as the popular kernel methods are not able to suppress noisy or superfluous dimensions of such high-dimensional data. Consequently, there is a natural need for feature selection when using present-day informative features and, particularly, curvature self-similarity. We therefore suggest an embedded feature selection method for SVMs that reduces complexity and improves generalization capability of object models. By successfully integrating the proposed curvature self-similarity representation together with the embedded feature selection in a widely used state-of-the-art object detection framework we show the general pertinence of the approach.
Clustering Large Attributed Graphs: A Balance between Structural and Attribute Similarities

Social networks, sensor networks, biological networks, and many other information networks can be modeled as a large graph. Graph vertices represent entities, and graph edges represent their relationships or interactions. In many large graphs, there is usually one or more attributes associated with every graph vertex to describe its properties. In many application domains, graph clustering techniques are very useful for detecting densely connected groups in a large graph as well as for understanding and visualizing a large graph. The goal of graph clustering is to partition vertices in a large graph into different clusters based on various criteria such as vertex connectivity or neighborhood similarity. Many existing graph clustering methods mainly focus on the topological structure for clustering, but largely ignore the vertex properties, which are often heterogenous. In this article, we propose a novel graph clustering algorithm, SA-Cluster, which achieves a good balance between structural and attribute similarities through a unified distance measure. Our method partitions a large graph associated with attributes into k clusters so that each cluster contains a densely connected subgraph with homogeneous attribute values. An effective method is proposed to automatically learn the degree of contributions of structural similarity and attribute similarity. Theoretical analysis is provided to show that SA-Cluster is converging quickly through iterative cluster refinement. Some optimization techniques on matrix computation are proposed to further improve the efficiency of SA-Cluster on large graphs. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of SA-Cluster through comparisons with the state-of-the-art graph clustering and summarization methods.
Implementation and optimization of portable standard LISP for the Cray

Portable Standard LISP (PSL), a dialect of LISP developed at the University of Utah, has been implemented on the CRAY-1s and CRAY X-MPs at the Los Alamos National Laboratory and at the National Magnetic Fusion Energy Computer Center at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. This implementation was developed using a highly portable model and then tuned for the Cray architecture. The speed of the resulting system is quite impressive, and the environment is very good for symbolic processing. 5 refs.
Efficacy and safety of budesonide/formoterol in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The efficacy and safety of budesonide/formoterol in a single inhaler compared with placebo, budesonide and formoterol were evaluated in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In a 12-month, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in 812 adults (mean age 64 yrs, mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 36% predicted normal), patients received two inhalations twice daily of either budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort®) 160/4.5 µg (delivered dose), budesonide 200 µg (metered dose), formoterol 4.5 µg or placebo. Severe exacerbations and FEV1 (primary variables), peak expiratory flow (PEF), COPD symptoms, health-related quality of life (HRQL), mild exacerbations, use of reliever β2‐agonist and safety variables were recorded. Budesonide/formoterol reduced the mean number of severe exacerbations per patient per year by 24% versus placebo and 23% versus formoterol. FEV1 increased by 15% versus placebo and 9% versus budesonide. Morning PEF improved significantly on day 1 versus placebo and budesonide; after 1 week, morning PEF was improved versus placebo, budesonide and formoterol. Improvements in morning and evening PEF versus comparators were maintained over 12 months. Budesonide/formoterol decreased all symptom scores and use of reliever β2‐agonists significantly versus placebo and budesonide, and improved HRQL versus placebo. All treatments were well tolerated. These results suggest a role for budesonide/formoterol in the long-term management of moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.