Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE QTN PROGRAM AND THE ALLELES THAT MATTER FOR EVOLUTION: ALL THAT'S GOLD DOES NOT GLITTER

The search for the alleles that matter, the quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) that underlie heritable variation within populations and divergence among them, is a popular pursuit. But what is the question to which QTNs are the answer? Although their pursuit is often invoked as a means of addressing the molecular basis of phenotypic evolution or of estimating the roles of evolutionary forces, the QTNs that are accessible to experimentalists, QTNs of relatively large effect, may be uninformative about these issues if large‐effect variants are unrepresentative of the alleles that matter. Although 20th century evolutionary biology generally viewed large‐effect variants as atypical, the field has recently undergone a quiet realignment toward a view of readily discoverable large‐effect alleles as the primary molecular substrates for evolution. I argue that neither theory nor data justify this realignment. Models and experimental findings covering broad swaths of evolutionary phenomena suggest that evolution often acts via large numbers of small‐effect polygenes, individually undetectable. Moreover, these small‐effect variants are different in kind, at the molecular level, from the large‐effect alleles accessible to experimentalists. Although discoverable QTNs address some fundamental evolutionary questions, they are essentially misleading about many others.
On Uplink Channel Estimation in WiMAX Systems

In this paper, channel estimation algorithms are proposed and compared for uplink WiMAX systems, which are OFDMA based. These algorithms are investigated based on a dynamic resource allocation scheme, and it is shown that each of them is suitable to specific system scenarios. For example, for a system with a bandwidth of 10MHz operating in the low frequency region 2-11GHz, a two-dimensional averaging algorithm outperforms other algorithms, such as a bilinear interpolation algorithm, because the correlations between the pilots and signals are sufficiently high in both the frequency and the time dimensions.
CHROMATIC NUMBERS OF INTEGER DISTANCE GRAPHSARNFRIED KEMNITZ AND MASSIMILIANO MARANGIOAbstract

An integer distance graph is a graph G(D) with the set of integers as vertex set and with an edge joining two vertices u and v if and only if ju ? vj 2 D where D is a subset of the positive integers. We determine the chromatic number (D) of G(D) if D is a 4-element set of the form
Manipulation and Immobilization of a Single Fluorescence Nanosensor for Selective Injection into Cells

Manipulation and injection of single nanosensors with high cell viability is an emerging field in cell analysis. We propose a new method using fluorescence nanosensors with a glass nanoprobe and optical control of the zeta potential. The nanosensor is fabricated by encapsulating a fluorescence polystyrene nanobead into a lipid layer with 1,3,3-trimethylindolino-6′-nitrobenzopyrylospiran (SP), which is a photochromic material. The nanobead contains iron oxide nanoparticles and a temperature-sensitive fluorescent dye, Rhodamine B. The zeta potential of the nanosensor switches between negative and positive by photo-isomerization of SP with ultraviolet irradiation. The positively-charged nanosensor easily adheres to a negatively-charged glass nanoprobe, is transported to a target cell, and then adheres to the negatively-charged cell membrane. The nanosensor is then injected into the cytoplasm by heating with a near-infrared (NIR) laser. As a demonstration, a single 750 nm nanosensor was picked-up using a glass nanoprobe with optical control of the zeta potential. Then, the nanosensor was transported and immobilized onto a target cell membrane. Finally, it was injected into the cytoplasm using a NIR laser. The success rates of pick-up and cell immobilization of the nanosensor were 75% and 64%, respectively. Cell injection and cell survival rates were 80% and 100%, respectively.
Identification and Characterization of Segregation Distortion Loci on Cotton Chromosome 18

Segregation distortion is commonly detected via genetic mapping and this phenomenon has been reported in many species. However, the genetic causes of the segregation distortion regions in a majority of species are still unclear. To genetically dissect the SD on chromosome 18 in cotton, eight reciprocal backcross populations and two F2 populations were developed. Eleven segregation distortion loci (SDL) were detected in these ten populations. Comparative analyses among populations revealed that SDL18.1 and SDL18.9 were consistent with male gametic competition; whereas SDL18.4 and SDL18.11 reflected female gametic selection. Similarly, other SDL could reflect zygotic selection. The surprising finding was that SDL18.8 was detected in all populations, and the direction was skewed towards heterozygotes. Consequently, zygotic selection or heterosis could represent the underlying genetic mechanism for SDL18.8. Among developed introgression lines, SDL18.8 was introgressed as a heterozygote, further substantiating that a heterozygote state was preferred under competition. Six out of 11 SDL on chromosome 18 were dependent on the cytoplasmic environment. These results indicated that different SDL showed varying responses to the cytoplasmic environment. Overall, the results provided a novel strategy to analyze the molecular mechanisms, which could be further exploited in cotton interspecific breeding programs.
Fc receptor off-signal in the B cell involves apoptosis.

By linking surface Ig to the FcR Fc gamma RII on the mouse B lymphocyte surface, whole anti-Ig has been shown to block cell cycle entry and subsequent Ab production, a phenomenon called the "Fc receptor off-signal. " IL-4 or blocking Ab to Fc gamma RII, present with whole anti-Ig, restores cell cycle progress to the levels observed with F(ab')2 anti-Ig. The current study demonstrates that under "off-signal" conditions with whole anti-Ig, the early entry of B cells into apoptosis was accelerated relative to medium alone or equimolar F(ab')2 anti-Ig. All reagents tested which opposed the whole-anti-Ig-induced blockade of B cell cycle entry also protected B cells from apoptosis (IL-4, PMA, dextran sulfate, and the monoclonal anti-Fc gamma RII 2.4G2). This protective effect was most evident at 4 to 12 h, waning at later times. Low dose cycloheximide partially protected B cells from whole anti-Ig-induced apoptosis, but acted as a survival factor, failing to advance B cells from G0 phase or stimulate thymidine incorporation. Additive early apoptosis-associated membrane changes were transiently seen when whole anti-Ig was combined with other apoptosis-accelerating agents (trifluoperazine, staurosporine, dexamethasone, ionomycin, high-dose cycloheximide), but hypodiploid nuclei did not show this effect. B cells from bcl-2 transgenic mice showed less apoptosis when cultured with whole anti-Ig, or with any of the other agents tested. At 4 h the bcl-2-associated reduction in hypodiploid nuclei was greater than the reduction in membrane unpacking, but by 16 h this difference was much less. These results suggest that acceleration of apoptosis contributes to the inhibition of proliferation induced by whole anti-Ig.
Sensitivity analysis for time lag selection to forecast seasonal time series using Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines

Multi-step ahead forecasting is an important issue for organizations, often used to assist in tactical decisions. Such forecasting can be achieved by adopting time series forecasting methods, such as the classical Holt-Winters (HW) that is quite popular for seasonal series. An alternative forecasting approach comes from the use of more flexible learning algorithms, such as Neural Networks (NN) and Support Vector Machines (SVM). This paper presents a simultaneous variable (i.e. time lag) and model selection algorithm for multi-step ahead forecasting using NN and SVM. Variable selection is based on a backward algorithm that is guided by a sensitivity analysis procedure, while model selection is achieved using a grid-search. Several experiments were devised by considering eight seasonal series and the forecasts were analyzed using two error criteria (i.e. SMAPE and MSE). Overall, competitive results were achieved when comparing the SVM and NN algorithms with HW.
Filter Test for Detecting Partial Discharge in 22.9kV XLPE Cable

To decrease and remove of many noises that are detected in PD (partial discharge) measuring test, we forced on detection of those. We made W-LC filter for measuring PD, which adapted that to field test. We tested after design laboratory circumstances like field line, and then the phase change properties of detected signal in UHF sensor were measured by Lemke probe and oscilloscope (TDS-3054, Tektronix). Eventually we checked decrement of noises from experimental result. Also from experimental result at the joint box of 22.9 kV distribution line, we obtained good data which enable noises to decrease. Hereafter those results will be adapted at ultra-high voltage for trouble prevention and on-line cable watch, diagnosis of those
A RSS-based fingerprinting method for positioning based on historical data

Estimating the position of people in an indoor WLAN environment poses a fundamental challenge in ubiquitous computing. By using Wi-Fi, it is possible to determine the position of people or assets with good accuracy. K Nearest Neighbors (KNN) is one of the most popular deterministic location fingerprinting algorithms generally used for WLAN-based indoor positioning. As KNN takes only the K nearest neighbors for estimating a position, in some cases it may not obtain satisfied accuracy because of the indoor environment factors such as reflections, diffraction, and scattering of the radio waves. In this paper, we propose a novel method named Predicted K Nearest Neighbors (PKNN) which estimates the current position of a mobile user not only by using K found neighbors but also by utilizing its previous positions and speed. With experiments, we found that PKNN does outperform KNN by 33% or at mean 1.3 meter improvement in error.
Difficulties in inferring student knowledge from observations ( and why you should care )

Student modeling has a long history in the field of intelligent educational software and is the basis for many tutorial decisions. Furthermore, the task of assessing a student’s level of knowledge is a basic building block in the educational data mining process. If we cannot estimate what students know, it is difficult to perform fine-grained analyses to see if a system’s teaching actions are having a positive effect. In this paper, we demonstrate that there are several unaddressed problems with student model construction that negatively affect the inferences we can make. We present two partial solutions to these problems, using Expectation Maximization to estimate parameters and using Dirichlet priors to bias the model fit procedure. Aside from reliably improving model fit in predictive accuracy, these approaches might result in model parameters that are more plausible. Although parameter plausibility is difficult to quantify, we discuss some guidelines and propose a derived measure of predicted number of trials until mastery as a method for evaluating model parameters.
Two structural subdomains of barstar detected by rapid mixing NMR measurement of amide hydrogen exchange

Equilibrium amide hydrogen exchange studies of barstar have been carried out at pH 6.7, 32° SDC using one‐ and two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. An unusually large fraction of the backbone amide hydrogens of barstar exchange too fast to be measured, and the exchange rates of only fifteen slow‐exchanging amide sites including indole amides of two tryptophans could be measured in the presence of 0 to 1.8 M guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl). Measurement of exchange occurring in tens of seconds in the unfolding transition region was possible by the use of a fast stopped‐flow mixing method. The observed exchange rates have been simulated in the EX2 limit according to a two‐process model that incorporates two exchange‐competent states: a transiently unfolded state (U*) in which many amide hydrogens are completely accessible to solvent‐exchange, and a near‐native locally unfolded state (N*), in which only one or a few amide hydrogens are completely accessible to solvent‐exchange. The two‐process model appears to account for the observed exchange behavior over the entire range of GdnHCl concentrations studied. For several measurable slow‐exchanging amide hydrogens, the free energies of production of exchange‐competent states from the exchange‐incompetent native state are significantly higher than the free‐energy of production of the equilibrium unfolded state from the native state, when the latter is determined from circular dichroism‐ or fluorescence‐monitored equilibrium unfolding curves. The result implies that U*, which forms transiently in the strongly native‐like conditions used for the hydrogen exchange studies, is higher in energy than the equilibrium‐unfolded state. The higher energy of this transiently unfolded exchange‐competent state can be attributed to either proline isomerization or to the presence of residual structure. On the basis of the free energies of production of exchange‐competent states, the measured amide sites of barstar appear to define two structural subdomains—a three‐helix unit and a two‐β‐strand unit in the core of the protein. Proteins 30:295–308, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Dark Matter Radial Profile in the Core of the Relaxed Cluster A2589

We present an analysis of a Chandra ACIS observation of the galaxy cluster A2589 to constrain the radial distribution of the total gravitating matter and the dark matter in the core of the cluster. A2589 is especially well suited for this analysis, because the hot gas in its core region (r ≲ 0.1rvir) is undisturbed by interactions with a central radio source. From the largest radius probed (r = 0.07rvir) down to r ≈ 0.02rvir, dark matter dominates the gravitating mass. Over this region, the radial profiles of the gravitating and dark matter are fitted well by the Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) and Hernquist profiles predicted by cold dark matter (CDM). The density profiles are also described well by power laws, ρ ∝ r-α, where α = 1.37 ± 0.14 for the gravitating matter and α = 1.35 ± 0.21 for the dark matter. These values are consistent with profiles of CDM halos but are significantly larger than the α ≈ 0.5 found in low surface brightness galaxies and expected from self-interacting dark matter models.
Unconstrained Astrometric Orbits for Hipparcos Stars with Stochastic Solutions

A considerable number of astrometric binaries whose positions on the sky do not obey the standard model of mean position, parallax, and linear proper motion were observed by the Hipparcos satellite. Some of them remain undiscovered, and their observational data have not been properly processed with the more adequate astrometric model that includes nonlinear orbital motion. We develop an automated algorithm, based on "genetic optimization," to solve the orbital fitting problem in the most difficult setup, when no prior information about the orbital elements is available (from, e.g., spectroscopic data or radial velocity monitoring). We also offer a technique to accurately compute the probability that an orbital fit is bogus, that is, that an orbital solution is obtained for a single star, and to estimate the probability distributions for the fitting orbital parameters. We test this method on Hipparcos stars with known orbital solutions in the catalog and further apply it to 1561 stars with stochastic solutions, which may be unresolved binaries. At a confidence level of 99%, orbital fits are obtained for 65 stars, most of which have not been known as binary. It is found that reliable astrometric fits can be obtained even if the period is somewhat longer than the time span of the Hipparcos mission, that is, if the orbit is not closed. A few of the new probable binaries with A-type primaries with periods 444-2015 days are chemically peculiar stars, including Ap and λ Bootis types. The anomalous spectra of these stars are explained by admixtures of light from the unresolved, sufficiently bright and massive companions. We estimate the apparent orbits of four stars that have been identified as members of the ≈300 Myr old Ursa Major kinematic group. Another four new nearby binaries may include low-mass M-type or brown dwarf companions. Follow-up spectroscopic observations in conjunction with more accurate inclination estimates will lead to better estimates of the secondary mass. Similar astrometric models and algorithms can be used for binary stars and planet hosts observed by SIM and Gaia.
Query Based Arabic Text Summarization

With the problem of increased web resources and the huge amount of information available, the necessity of having automatic summarization systems appeared. Since summarization is needed the most in the process of searching for information on the web, where the user aims at a certain domain of interest according to his query, in this case domain-based summaries would serve the best. Despite the existence of plenty of research work in the domain-based summarization in English, there is lack of them in Arabic due to the shortage of existing knowledge bases. In this paper we introduce a query based, Arabic text, single document summarization using an existing Arabic language thesaurus and an extracted knowledge base. We use an Arabic corpus to extract domain knowledge represented by topic related concepts/
Metabolic benefits of inhibiting cAMP-PDEs with resveratrol

Calorie restriction (CR) extends lifespan in species ranging from yeast to mammals. There is evidence that CR also protects against aging-related diseases in non-human primates. This has led to an intense interest in the development of CR-mimetics to harness the beneficial effects of CR to treat aging-related diseases. One CR-mimetic that has received a great deal of attention is resveratrol. Resveratrol extends the lifespan of obese mice and protects against obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes. The specific mechanism of resveratrol action has been difficult to elucidate because resveratrol has a promiscuous target profile. A recent finding indicates that the metabolic effects of resveratrol may result from competitive inhibition of cAMP-degrading phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which increases cAMP levels. The cAMP-dependent pathways activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is essential for the metabolic effects of resveratrol. Inhibiting PDE4 with rolipram reproduces all of the metabolic benefits of resveratrol, including protection against diet-induced obesity and an increase in mitochondrial function, physical stamina and glucose tolerance in mice. This discovery suggests that PDE inhibitors may be useful for treating metabolic diseases associated with aging.
Advanced Beamformers for Cochlear Implant Users: Acute Measurement of Speech Perception in Challenging Listening Conditions

Objective To investigate the performance of monaural and binaural beamforming technology with an additional noise reduction algorithm, in cochlear implant recipients. Method This experimental study was conducted as a single subject repeated measures design within a large German cochlear implant centre. Twelve experienced users of an Advanced Bionics HiRes90K or CII implant with a Harmony speech processor were enrolled. The cochlear implant processor of each subject was connected to one of two bilaterally placed state-of-the-art hearing aids (Phonak Ambra) providing three alternative directional processing options: an omnidirectional setting, an adaptive monaural beamformer, and a binaural beamformer. A further noise reduction algorithm (ClearVoice) was applied to the signal on the cochlear implant processor itself. The speech signal was presented from 0° and speech shaped noise presented from loudspeakers placed at ±70°, ±135° and 180°. The Oldenburg sentence test was used to determine the signal-to-noise ratio at which subjects scored 50% correct. Results Both the adaptive and binaural beamformer were significantly better than the omnidirectional condition (5.3 dB±1.2 dB and 7.1 dB±1.6 dB (p<0.001) respectively). The best score was achieved with the binaural beamformer in combination with the ClearVoice noise reduction algorithm, with a significant improvement in SRT of 7.9 dB±2.4 dB (p<0.001) over the omnidirectional alone condition. Conclusions The study showed that the binaural beamformer implemented in the Phonak Ambra hearing aid could be used in conjunction with a Harmony speech processor to produce substantial average improvements in SRT of 7.1 dB. The monaural, adaptive beamformer provided an averaged SRT improvement of 5.3 dB.
Grey Box Data Reenement

We introduce the concepts of grey box and display box data types. These make explicit the idea that state variables in abstract data types are not always hidden. Programming languages have visibility rules which make representations observable and modiiable. Speciications in model-based notations may have implicit assumptions about visible state components, or are used in contexts where the representation does matter. Grey box data types are like the \standard" black box data types, except that they contain explicit subspaces of the state which are modii-able and observable. Display boxes indirectly observe the state by adding displays to a black box. Reenement rules for both these alternative data types are given, based on their interpretations as black boxes.
Performance space modeling for hierarchical synthesis of analog integrated circuits

Automated analog sizing is becoming an unavoidable solution for increasing analog design productivity. The complexity of typical analog SoC subsystems however calls for efficient methods that can handle design hierarchy, in terms of both performance estimation and hierarchical design optimization method. This paper discusses and compares recent developments in this area, with special emphasis on automated modeling and on multi-objective bottom-up hierarchical design.
Graph Strip Tree for Efficient Search of Objects Moving on a Graph

A spatio-temporal data structure to index objects moving at constant velocity on a graph is presented. It is designed to efficiently answer rectangle R plus time instance and time interval queries about the past positions of moving objects. Such data structures are useful, for example, when searching for vehicles moving on a road network in specific areas at specific times. Unlike other data structures that use Rtrees to index bounding boxes of moving object trajectories, our data structure represents moving objects as lines in a bounded space. For n moving object instances (unique entries of moving objects) on a graph with |E| edges, we show that O(log2 |E| + |L| · log2(n/|E|) + k) time is required to answer a rectangle R plus time interval query, for |L| the number of edges intersected by R and k the number of moving objects in range. Space O(n + λ + |E|) is required to store n moving object instances with λ intersections among them in |E| ordered polyline trees. Space Ω(n+ |E|) is required to store the history of all n moving object instances.