Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Subjective Trust to Objective Trustworthiness in On-line Social Networks: Overview and Challenges

Nowadays dozens of people share their content in the current Web 2.0 space, talk with friends in social networking sites such as Facebook and live on the Net in many other ways. They do all this quite naturally, forgetting the healthy cautiousness sometimes. In real life we rely on trusted people. Do we know how to reflect real-world trust mechanisms into on-line social software? In the article we focused to bring overview on state of the art in main ideas behind a trust processing in online social networking systems. What are common sources of subjective trust, how the trust emerges and what are the sources of trust dynamics? How can be trust captured into the systems, how can be explicit trust processed to infer indirect trust, the trust between users who do not know each other? And what are the ways to infer objective metrics of trust, the reputation or trustworthiness? Finally, we point out selected challenges related to the trust in current highly dynamic social networks.
Golgi membranes contain an electrogenic H+ pump in parallel to a chloride conductance

Rat liver Golgi vesicles were isolated by differential and density gradient centrifugation. A fraction enriched in galactosyl transferase and depleted in plasma membrane, mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomal markers was found to contain an ATP-dependent H+ pump. This proton pump was not inhibited by oligomycin but was sensitive to N- ethyl maleimide, which distinguishes it from the F0-F1 ATPase of mitochondria. GTP did not induce transport, unlike the lysosomal H+ pump. The pump was not dependent on the presence of potassium nor was it inhibited by vanadate, two of the characteristics of the gastric H+ ATPase. Addition of ATP generated a membrane potential that drove chloride uptake into the vesicles, suggesting that Golgi membranes contain a chloride conductance in parallel to an electrogenic proton pump. These results demonstrate that Golgi vesicles can form a pH difference and a membrane potential through the action of an electrogenic proton translocating ATPase.
NGMASTER: in silico multi-antigen sequence typing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) provides the highest resolution analysis for comparison of bacterial isolates in public health microbiology. However, although increasingly being used routinely for some pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica, the use of WGS is still limited for other organisms, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) is the most widely performed typing method for epidemiologic surveillance of gonorrhoea. Here, we present NGMASTER – a command-line software tool for performing in silico NG-MAST on assembled genome data. NGMASTER rapidly and accurately determined the NG-MAST of 630 assembled genomes, facilitating comparisons between WGS and previously published gonorrhoea epidemiological studies. The source code and user documentation are available at https://github.com/MDU-PHL/ngmaster.
Wearable remote control of a mobile device: comparing one- and two-handed interaction

While wearable technologies are suitable for remotely controlling mobile devices, few studies have examined user preferences for one- or two-handed touch interaction with these wearables, especially when worn on the wrist and hand area. As these locations are recognized as socially acceptable and preferred by users, we ran a study of touch interaction to remotely control mobile devices. Our results suggest users prefer swipe gestures over touch gestures when interacting with wearables on the wrist or hand, and that users find both one- and two-handed interactions suitable for wearable remote controls.
Rapid Regulatory T-Cell Response Prevents Cytokine Storm in CD28 Superagonist Treated Mice

Superagonistic CD28-specific monoclonal antibodies (CD28SA) are highly effective activators of regulatory T-cells (Treg cells) in rats, but a first-in-man trial of the human CD28SA TGN1412 resulted in an unexpected cytokine release syndrome. Using a novel mouse anti-mouse CD28SA, we re-investigate the relationship between Treg activation and systemic cytokine release. Treg activation by CD28SA was highly efficient but depended on paracrine IL-2 from CD28SA-stimulated conventional T-cells. Systemic cytokine levels were innocuous, but depletion of Treg cells prior to CD28SA stimulation led to systemic release of proinflammatory cytokines, indicating that in rodents, Treg cells effectively suppress the inflammatory response. Since the human volunteers of the TGN1412 study were not protected by this mechanism, we also tested whether corticosteroid prophylaxis would be compatible with CD28SA induced Treg activation. We show that neither the expansion nor the functional activation of Treg cells is affected by high-dose dexamethasone sufficient to control systemic cytokine release. Our findings warn that preclinical testing of activating biologicals in rodents may miss cytokine release syndromes due to the rapid and efficacious response of the rodent Treg compartment, and suggest that polyclonal Treg activation is feasible in the presence of antiphlogistic corticosteroid prophylaxis.
On the Gaussian error function Universal Turing Machine

Many steganographers would agree that, had it not been for the Ethernet, the exploration of model checking might never have occurred. After years of essential research into web browsers, we verify the improvement of redundancy, which embodies the confusing principles of cryptoanalysis. RIBAND, our new application for the deployment of Byzantine fault tolerance, is the solution to all of these obstacles.
Self-Management of On-Task Homework Behavior: A Promising Strategy for Adolescents With Attention and Behavior Problems

Abstract. Students with attention and behavior problems oftentimes experience difficulty finishing academic work. On-task behavior is frequently cited as a primary reason for students' failure to complete homework assignments. Researchers have identified self-monitoring and self-management of on-task behavior as effective tools for improving homework completion rates among students who experience difficulty attending to tasks. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a 30-min naturalistic, home-based, self-management intervention for students with attention problems and behavioral disorders. Specifically, the current study set out to investigate differences in on-task behavior between baseline and intervention when self-monitoring intervals were set at 3 and 10 min. For all participants, on-task behavior improved significantly over baseline. Furthermore, the improvements in on-task behavior were evident for both the 3- and 10-min intervals, suggesting that shorter intervals did not enhance the intervention's effectiveness. Finally, based on school records, the frequency of completed homework assignments increased.
Modulation of Cytochrome P450 Activity by 18β‐Glycyrrhetic Acid and its Consequence on Buspirone Pharmacokinetics in Rats

The aim of this study was to elucidate the inhibition mechanism of 18β‐glycyrrhetic acid (GLY) on cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity and in vivo pharmacokinetic consequences of single GLY dose in rats. An in vitro CYP inhibition study in rat liver microsomes (RLM) was conducted using probe substrates for CYPs. Then, an in vivo pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral buspirone (BUS), a probe substrate for CYP3A, was studied with the concurrent administration of oral GLY in rats. In the in vitro CYP inhibition study, CYP3A was involved in the metabolism of GLY. Moreover, GLY inhibited CYP3A activity with an IC50 of 20.1 ± 10.7 μM via a mixed inhibition mechanism. In the in vivo rat pharmacokinetic study, single oral GLY dose enhanced the area under plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) of intravenous and oral BUS, but the extent of increase in AUC was only minimal (1.12–1.45 fold). These results indicate that GLY can inhibit the in vitro CYP3A‐mediated drug metabolism in RLM via a mixed inhibition mechanism. However, the impact of single oral GLY dose on the pharmacokinetics of BUS in rats was limited, showing that GLY could function as merely a weak inhibitor for CYP3A‐mediated drug metabolism in vivo. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A versatile expressive percussion instrument with game technology

Whereas virtual musical instruments are prominently featured in many current computer games, the simulations of these instruments are rather cartoonish. We propose to leverage current inexpensive game technology such as accelerometer-based input devices and physics engines in combination with audio processing to create digital replicas of a range of percussion instruments. These simulations reproduce expressive nuances faithfully and may be used for education, recording, and live performance. A single device affords highly different interaction modes; these can be mixed and matched freely with sound models. For instance, the tilting motion of a rain-stick can be combined with the sound of a tambourine.
Anatomical Substrate and Scalp EEG Markers are Correlated in Subjects with Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease

Dementia is a syndromic diagnosis, encompassing various stage of severity and different anatomo-physiological substrates. The hippocampus is one of the first and most affected brain regions affected by both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Moreover, chronic cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major risk factor for developing dementia. Recent studies have demonstrated different relationship between the anatomical substrate and scalp electroencephalography (EEG) markers. Indeed, modifications of EEG rhythmicity is not proportional to the hippocampal atrophy, whereas changes in EEG activity are directly proportional to the load of subcortical CVD. The computation of the EEG spectral power and the analysis of the functional coupling of brain areas, through linear coherence, are two of the most known processing methods in EEG research. Two specific EEG markers, theta/gamma and alpha3/alpha2 frequency ratio have been reliable associated to the atrophy of amygdalo–hippocampal complex. Moreover, theta/gamma ratio has been related to MCI conversion in dementia and alpha3/alpha2 ratio has been specifically related to MCI conversion in AD. The functional coupling of brain areas is also modulated by hippocampal atrophy. In the MCI subjects, hippocampal atrophy is linked to an increase of interhemispheric coherence seen on frontal and temporal regions whereas subcortical CVD is linked to a decrease of coherence in fronto-parietal regions. In the present study the most significant results of recent studies on correlation between scalp EEG, cognitive decline, and anatomical substrate have been reviewed, with particular attention to the relationships between EEG changes and hippocampal atrophy. The following review is not intended to provide a comprehensive summary of the literature. Rather it identifies and discusses selected studies that are designed to find the specific correlation between scalp EEG markers and anatomo-pathological substrate. The principal aim is to propose a plausible neurophysiological theoretical model of the cognitive decline as mirrored by both structural and functional tools of research.
A Trust-based Resilient Routing Mechanism for the Internet of Things

Local-area networks comprising the Internet of Things (IoT) consist mainly of devices that have limited processing capabilities and face energy constraints. This has an implication on developing security mechanisms, as they require significant computing resources. In this paper, we design a trust-based routing solution with IoT devices in mind. Specifically, we propose a trust-based approach for managing the reputation of every node of an IoT network. The approach is based on the emerging Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy networks (RPL). The proposed solution is simulated for its routing resilience and compared with two other variants of RPL.
Treatment of age-related hearing loss in dogs with the vibrant soundbridge middle ear implant: short-term results in 3 dogs.

BACKGROUND Age-related hearing loss (ARHL), or presbycusis, is the most common form of acquired hearing loss in dogs. Middle ear implants have been used successfully in people with ARHL who cannot benefit from conventional hearing aids. HYPOTHESIS Audibility improves in dogs with ARHL after implantation of the Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) middle ear implant. ANIMALS Three Beagle dogs with ARHL, mean age 11.1 years. METHODS The dogs were assessed pre- and postoperatively by brainstem-evoked response audiometry (BERA), otoscopy, and computed tomography scans of the ears. A VSB middle ear implant was implanted unilaterally. Three months later the functionality of the implants was assessed by auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs), after which the dogs were euthanized for histopathological examination. RESULTS The VSB was implanted successfully in all dogs. Recovery from surgery was uneventful, except for transient facial nerve paralysis in 2 dogs. ASSRs showed that hearing improved after activation of the implants with a mean of 20.7, 13, and 16.3 dB at 1, 2, and 4 kHz, respectively. The implantation procedure did not affect residual hearing (with inactive implants) as measured by BERA. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Implantation of the VSB resulted in lower ASSR thresholds, but only at the higher gain settings of the audioprocessor. As in humans, a more powerful audioprocessor is required to treat sensorineural hearing loss exceeding 20 dB in dogs. A substantial improvement in patient-owner communication will have to be demonstrated in future studies before the procedure can be recommended in clinical practice.
Hypothetical thinking : Revisiting classic anomalies in the laboratory ∗

Psychologists have documented that people have trouble with hypothetical thinking. Economists have focused on other mechanisms to explain biases in decision-making. We show that subjects in the laboratory have trouble with hypothetical thinking, and that this phenomenon largely drives some classic anomalies in economics, including mistakes in both private and common value strategic settings and the Ellsberg and Allais paradoxes. Thus, we find that a phenomenon grounded in psychological evidence largely explains anomalies that have often been attributed to multiple different mechanisms. We also find that failure of hypothetical thinking appears to be a distinct phenomenon and cannot be explained by a standard test of cognitive ability. ∗We thank Eduardo Azevedo, Gary Charness, Daniel Gottlieb, Paulo Natenzon, Ryan Oprea, Pietro Ortoleva, Marciano Siniscalchi, and Sevgi Yuksel for helpful comments. Esponda: Olin Business School, Campus Box 1133, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO 63130, iesponda@wustl.edu; Vespa: Department of Economics, University of California at Santa Barbara, 2127 North Hall University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106, vespa@ucsb.edu.
Improving Word Alignment Quality using Morpho-syntactic Information

In this paper, we present an approach to include morpho-syntactic dependencies into the training of the statistical alignment models. Existing statistical translation systems usually treat different derivations of the same base form as they were independent of each other. We propose a method which explicitly takes into account such in-terdependencies during the EM training of the statistical alignment models. The evaluation is done by comparing the obtained Viterbi alignments with a manually annotated reference alignment. The improvements of the alignment quality compared to the, to our knowledge, best system are reported on the German-English Verbmobil corpus.
MeV Magnetosheath Ions Energized at the I Bow Shock 1 1 August 2001 I Prepared

A causal relationship between mid-latitude magnetosheath energetic ions and bow shock magnetic geometry was previously established for ion energy up to 200 keV/e for the May 4, 1998, storm event. This study demonstrates that magnetosheath ions with energies above 200 keV up to 1 MeV simply extend the ion spectrum to form a power-law tail. Results of cross-correlation analysis suggest that these ions also come directly from the quasi-parallel bow shock, not the magnetosphere. This is confirmed by a comparison of energetic ion fluxes simultaneously measured in the magnetosheath and at the quasi-parallel bow shock when both regions are likely connected by the magnetic field lines. We suggest that ions are accelerated at the quasi-parallel bow shock to energies as high as 1 MeV and subsequently transported into the magnetosheath during this event.
Measuring quality of care with routine data: avoiding confusion between performance indicators and health outcomes

Abstract Objective: To investigate the impact of factors outside the control of primary care on performance indicators proposed as measures of the quality of primary care. Design: Multiple regression analysis relating admission rates standardised for age and sex for asthma, diabetes, and epilepsy to socioeconomic population characteristics and to the supply of secondary care resources. Setting: 90 family health services authorities in England, 1989-90 to 1994-5. Results: At health authority level socioeconomic characteristics, health status, and secondary care supply factors explained 45% of the variation in admission rates for asthma, 33% for diabetes, and 55% for epilepsy. When health authorities were ranked, only four of the 10 with the highest age-sex standardised admission rates for asthma in 1994-5 remained in the top 10 when allowance was made for socioeconomic characteristics, health status, and secondary care supply factors. There was also substantial year to year variation in the rates. Conclusion: Health outcomes should relate to crude rates of adverse events in the population. These give the best indication of the size of a health problem. Performance indicators, however, should relate to those aspects of care which can be altered by the staff whose performance is being measured. Key messages The NHS executive has proposed that admission rates for asthma, diabetes, and epilepsy could be used at health authority level as indicators of the quality of primary care There is considerable year to year variation in the ranking of health authorities by admission rates for these conditions, even when rates are aggregated. This makes it hard to interpret a single year's data: a 3 year average would be more reliable Morbidity, socioeconomic characteristics, and secondary care supply are important confounding factors that explain between a third and a half of the variation in admission rates across health authority areas Performance indicators should relate to aspects of care that can be controlled by decision makers. Confounding factors have a clear impact on admission rates and must therefore be taken into account if such rates are to be used as performance indicators
The balance between generalists and specialists in the Medialogy education

In this paper we discuss the tradeoff between educating specialists and generalists in the Medialogy Master education at Aalborg University in Copenhagen. The Medialogy education was established in 2002 with the goal to combine technology and creativity in designing, implementing and evaluating media technology applications. The curriculum of the education has been through several revisions, the last of which, discussed in this paper, was performed during the Spring 2011.
Title Calculating Multilocus Heterozygosity and Heterozygosity-heterozygosity Correlation

June 30, 2010 Type Package Title Calculating multilocus heterozygosity and heterozygosity-heterozygosity correlation Version 1.0. 1 Date 2010-06-30 Author Jussi Alho, Kaisa Välimäki Maintainer Jussi Alho <firstname.lastname@helsinki.fi> Description This package includes functions to estimate heterozygosity-heterozygosity correlation and to calculate three estimates of individual multilocus heterozygosity: homozygosity by loci, internal relatedness, and standardized heterozygosity. License GPL-3 URL http://www.helsinki.fi/biosci/egru/research/software Encoding latin1 Repository CRAN Date/Publication 2010-06-30 11:57:33
Automatic clustering and generation of contextual questions for tied states in hidden Markov models

Most current automatic speech recognition systems based on HMMs cluster or tie together subsets of the subword units with which speech is represented. This tying improves the recognition accuracy when systems are trained with limited data, and is performed by classifying the sub-phonetic units using a series of binary tests based on speech production, called "linguistic questions". This paper describes a new method for automatically determining the best combinations of subword units to form these questions. The hybrid algorithm proposed clusters state distributions of context-independent phones to obtain questions for triphonetic contexts. Experiments confirm that the questions thus generated can replace manually generated questions and can provide improved recognition accuracy. Automatic generation of questions has the additional important advantage of extensibility to languages for which the phonetic structure is not well understood by the system designer, and can be effectively used in situations where the subword units are not phonetically motivated.
Function Symbols in Tuple-Generating Dependencies: Expressive Power and Computability

Tuple-generating dependencies -- for short tgds -- have been a staple of database research throughout most of its history. Yet one of the central aspects of tgds, namely the role of existential quantifiers, has not seen much investigation so far. When studying dependencies, existential quantifiers and -- in their Skolemized form -- function symbols are often viewed as two ways to express the same concept. But in fact, tgds are quite restrictive in the way that functional terms can occur. In this paper, we investigate the role of function symbols in dependency formalisms that go beyond tgds. Among them is the powerful class of SO tgds and the intermediate class of nested tgds. In addition, we employ Henkin quantifiers -- a well-known concept in the area of logic -- and introduce Henkin tgds to gain a more fine-grained understanding of the role of function symbols in dependencies. For members of these families of dependency classes, we investigate their expressive power, that is, when one dependency class is equivalently representable in another class of dependencies. In addition, we analyze the computability of query answering under many of the well-known syntactical decidability criteria for tgds as well as the complexity of model checking.