Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Convectively generated gravity waves observed from radiosonde data taken during MCTEX

The properties of gravity waves generated by deep tropical convective systems are analysed from radiosonde soundings taken during the Maritime Continent Thunderstorm Experiment, and the results compared against recent cloud‐scale numerical modelling of convectively generated waves. Fluctuations in the ascent rate of the radiosonde are used to characterize the high‐frequency waves, whereas the zonal‐wind fluctuations are used to determine the properties of the inertia–gravity waves. The density‐weighted vertical‐velocity variance shows a pronounced diurnal cycle with the largest‐amplitude gravity waves developing during the early afternoon following the development of deep convection. In contrast, the density‐weighted horizontal‐velocity variance (and, by implication, the inertia–gravity wave activity) shows no diurnal variation. Simple theoretical analysis shows that the observations on 27 November 1995 are consistent with a westward propagating gravity wave with a horizontal wavelength of 17 km and a source frequency equal to 0.007 rad s−1. These findings are consistent also with a high‐resolution numerical model simulation for the same day. Nonetheless, the character of the high‐frequency gravity waves cannot be uniquely determined from a single radiosonde sounding. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society
Tracker design based on target perceivability

Theoretical design of a tracker with respect to the so-called target perceivability is presented. Basic rules and analytic formulas for the determination of tracker parameters are presented for making better tracking decisions (i.e., track initiation, confirmation, and termination) toward enhancing tracking performance. Simulation results are provided that support the theoretical design and demonstrate the enhancement of the tracker in tracking performance.
Climate Variability and Agricultural Productivity in Uganda

Uganda’s climate is changing in terms of rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns, leading to extreme meteorological conditions such as prolonged drought, floods and landslides. Yet the majority (68%) of Ugandans rely largely on rain-fed agriculture, which is affected by climate variability. This study therefore investigates the effect of climate variability on agricultural productivity in Uganda by combining long-term climate data, sourced from the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and six waves of the Uganda National Panel Survey (UNPS) spanning the period 2009 to 2019. Trends and the regression analysis estimated with panel data confirm the existence of climate variability, as well as the vulnerability of farming households across Uganda. The empirical results indicate a significant U-shaped impact of precipitation variability on agricultural productivity. This tends to suggest that, as variability in precipitation intensifies, farming households will adapt to the changing precipitation and thereby improve their productivity. The regional and crop-specific analysis show that, relative to other regions of the country, Eastern Uganda is likely to be the region affected the most, while beans and banana are likely to be affected more by climate variability compared to other crops such as maize and cassava. The study thus recommends measures aimed at encouraging farmers to adapt and increase agricultural productivity. There is a need to strengthen the provision of extension services and inform farmers about climate variability
Noise activated transitions among periodic states of a pendulum with a vertically oscillating pivot, mediated by a chaotic attractor

It is well known that by harmonically displacing the point of suspension of a simple pendulum in a vertical direction, it is possible to produce a stable inverted state. Under certain conditions, this inverted state bifurcates into two distinct oscillations that mirror each other about the vertical. For some parameter values these two states, together with a third periodic oscillation that is symmetric about the downward direction, become embedded within a chaotic attractor. With added noise, the system dynamics can consist of endless patterns of escape from a given periodic attractor followed by capture by one of the three. After each escape and before the next capture, the system travels on the chaotic attractor. It is confirmed that the escape process is consistent with a picture of noise induced activation from the effective potential wells associated with each of the attractors.
Deposition of epitaxial YBCO thin film on single domain YBCO substrate for the development of RF components

The current trend of telecommunications has motivated an increasing need for an rf component of three-dimensional complex geometry in high-performance devices including tunable receivers, transformers, and inductors. In our previous work we have developed a novel substrateless cavity using single domain YBCO. This cavity resonator has been demonstrated to exhibit a high Q value at the rf frequency. The surface resistance of the single domain YBCO at 77 K has reached a low value of 500 :/spl Omega/ comparable to those of thin films (200 :/spl Omega/). However, in single domain YBCO, the second phase Y/sub 2/BaCuO/sub 5/ (211) is unavoidable in the peritectic reaction, which can, if not well controlled, cause severe dissipative losses. To further reduce the surface resistance, we have deposited an YBCO thin film on the single domain YBCO substrate covering all non-superconducting phases. The YBCO film and the substrate will have the best lattice matching since they are the same species. To study the epitaxial growth mechanisms, we have also deposited the YBCO film on other types of substrates including YSZ. Experimental results on film synthesis, interface structure, and superconducting properties are reported.
Validity Generalization and Situational Specificity: An Analysis of the Prediction of First—Year Grades in Law School

Results from 726 validity studies were analyzed to determine the degree of validity generalization of the Law School Admission Test for predicting first- year grades in law school. Four validity generaliza tion procedures were used and their results com pared. As much as 70% of the variance in observed validity coefficients could be accounted for by dif ferences in the within-study variability of LSAT scores, simple sampling error, and between-study differences in criterion reliability. The 90% credibil ity value for the true validities was estimated to be . 45, and the average true validity was estimated to be . 54. Despite the substantial degree of validity generalization, law school and the year the study was conducted explained significant portions of the residual variance in validities. Thus, some degree of situational specificity of validity remained.
A broad-band U-slot rectangular patch antenna on a microwave substrate

A broad-band U-slot rectangular patch antenna printed on a microwave substrate is investigated. The dielectric constant of the substrate is 2.33. The antenna is fed by a coaxial probe. The characteristics of the U-slot patch antenna are analyzed by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Experimental results for the input impedance and radiation patterns are obtained and compared with numerical results. The maximum impedance bandwidth achieved is 27%, centered around 3.1 GHz, with good pattern characteristics.
The World of Anime Fandom in America

j What I think the various fan subcultures do is provide a space for community. They j allow people of diverse background and experience to form bonds around a common j interest They let people know that they are not alone in their likes and their passions. j Fan subcultures provide the sense of belonging that used to be common among most j American communities and families prior to the ig8os. Today kids are raised by doyj cares and public schools. Parents are too busy working and building careers to devote j significant time for family building and family life. Kids are just one of the many entries j on the day planner. Fan subcultures help to provide a space for community where j people can come and be accepted for who they are. In a society as fragmented as j America has become, fan subcultures can provide an oasis for the weary soul.
Stability and bounds in aggregate scheduling networks

We study networks of FIFO nodes, where flows are constrained by arrival curves. A crucial question with these networks is: Can we derive a bound to the maximum delay that a packet can experience when traversing the network, and to the maximum queue size at each node? For a generic FIFO network these are still open issues: Some examples show that, contrary to common sense, no matter how low the maximum node utilization is in the network, it is possible to build an example of an unstable FIFO network. The importance of this issue lies in the necessity of hard bounds on packet delay and queue size, in order to enable QoS guarantees in these networks. For this reason we choose to tackle this problem through a deterministic approach, based on worst-case behavior. Our first result is the determination of a general method to derive sufficient conditions for the stability of a network: We show how, with a proper choice of the observed variables in the network and with the use of network calculus results, it is possible to derive the expression of an operator whose properties are associated to the stability of the network. Exploiting this method on a simple example, we first derive a generalization of the RIN result to heterogeneous settings and to leaky bucket constrained flows. Through some realistic examples, we show how this method allows networks to achieve a level of utilization which is more than three times larger than the best existing result. By applying the general method to three different variable classes, we derive some new sufficient conditions for stability, that perform largely better than all the main existing results, and we show how they can all be derived from the new sufficient conditions. Finally, we present a new formula for the computation of end-to-end delay bounds in a network of GR nodes.
Codimension-one foliations of spheres

Let M be an w-dimensional, differentiate manifold with a (possibly empty) boundary dM. A smooth, codimension-one foliation of M is a decomposition of M into disjoint, connected subsets, called the leaves of the foliation, with the following properties: (i) At each point p£. M there exist local C°°-coordinates (#i, • • • , xn) such that in a neighborhood of p the leaves are described by the equations xn = constant. (ii) Each component of dM is a leaf. In 1951 George S. Reeb constructed a smooth, codimension-one foliation of S [4], and it has since been shown by Lickorish [2], and independently by Novikov and Zieschang, that, in fact, every compact, orientable 3-manifold can be so foliated. By using the polynomial p(ZQ, Z I , Z2) —Zl+Zl+Zl in complex 3-space and the theorems in [3], we prove the following:
Heavy traffic analysis of a system with parallel servers: asymptotic optimality of discrete-review policies

This paper is concerned with dynamic scheduling in a queueing system that has two independent Poisson input streams, two servers, deterministic service times and linear holding costs. One server can process both classes of incoming jobs, but the other can process only one class, and the service time for the shared job class is different depending on which server is involved. A bound on system performance is developed in terms of a single pooled resource, or super-server, whose capabilities combine those of the original two servers. Thereafter, attention is focused on the heavy traf(cid:12)c regime, where the combined capacity of the two servers is approximately equal to the total input rate. We construct a discrete-review control policy and show that if its parameters are chosen correctly as one approaches the heavy traf(cid:12)c limit, then its cost performance approaches the bound associated with a single pooled resource. Thus the discrete-review policy is proved to be asymptotically optimal in the heavy traf(cid:12)c limit. Although resource pooling in heavy traf(cid:12)c has been observed to occur in other network scheduling problems, there have been very few studies that rigorously proved the pooling phenomenon, or that proved the asymptotic optimality of a speci(cid:12)c policy. Our discrete-review policy is obtained by applying a general method, called the BIGSTEP method in an earlier paper, to the parallel-server model.
An efficient heuristic procedure for partitioning graphs

We consider the problem of partitioning the nodes of a graph with costs on its edges into subsets of given sizes so as to minimize the sum of the costs on all edges cut. This problem arises in several physical situations — for example, in assigning the components of electronic circuits to circuit boards to minimize the number of connections between boards. This paper presents a heuristic method for partitioning arbitrary graphs which is both effective in finding optimal partitions, and fast enough to be practical in solving large problems.
Periodic homogenisation of certain fully nonlinear partial differential equations

Synopsis We demonstrate how a fairly simple “perturbed test function” method establishes periodic homogenisation for certain Hamilton-Jacobi and fully nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations. The idea, following Lions, Papanicolaou and Varadhan, is to introduce (possibly nonsmooth) correctors, and to modify appropriately the theory of viscosity solutions, so as to eliminate then the effects of high-frequency oscillations in the coefficients.
Assessment of Sonographic Carotid Parameters in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comparative Case Control Study

ABSTRACT Objective To compare carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), systolic and diastolic diameters (D), intima-media thickness/diameter ratio (IDR) values in children with ASD, and control groups, and to analyze the correlation of these parameters with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) scores. Methods This prospective case-control study included 37 children diagnosed with ASD and 38 individuals without ASD in the control group. Correlation assessments of sonographic measurements with CARS scores in the ASD group were also performed. Results Diastolic diameters of the right (median of ASD group:5.5 mm, control group:5.1 mm) and left (median of ASD group: 5.5 mm, in control group: 5.1 mm) side were higher in the ASD group (p = .015 and p = .032 respectively). A statistically significant correlation was detected between CARS score and left cIMT, right cIMT, right cIMT/systolic D, right cIMT/diastolic D, left cIMT/systolic D, and left cIMT/diastolic D (p < .05). Conclusion Vascular diameters, cIMT, and IDR values of children with ASD positively correlated with CARS scores, and these findings could be interpreted as a marker of early atherosclerosis in children with ASD.
Stability of Efficient Deterministic Compressed Sensing for Images with Chirps and Reed-Muller Sequences

We explore the stability of image reconstruction algorithms under deterministic compressed sensing. Recently, we have proposed [1-3] deterministic compressed sensing algorithms for 2D images. These algorithms are suitable when Daubechies wavelets are used as the sparsifying basis. In the initial work, we have shown that the algorithms perform well for images with sparse wavelets coefficients. In this work, we address the question of robustness and stability of the algorithms, specifically, if the image is not sparse and/or if noise is present. We show that our algorithms perform very well in the presence of a certain degree of noise. This is especially important for MRI and other real world applications where some level of noise is always present.
Using wavelets for time series forecasting: Does it pay off?

By means of wavelet transform a time series can be decomposed into a time dependent sum of frequency components. As a result we are able to capture seasonalities with time-varying period and intensity, which nourishes the belief that incorporating the wavelet transform in existing forecasting methods can improve their quality. The article aims to verify this by comparing the power of classical and wavelet based techniques on the basis of four time series, each of them having individual characteristics. We find that wavelets do improve the forecasting quality. Depending on the data's characteristics and on the forecasting horizon we either favour a denoising step plus an ARIMA forecast or an multiscale wavelet decomposition plus an ARIMA forecast for each of the frequency components.
Spatially adapted regularization parameter selection based on the local discrepancy function for Poissonian image deblurring

The total variation (TV) model with a fidelity term of the generalized Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence is a classical method for Poissonian image deblurring. In this paper, we propose a new TV-KL model with a spatially dependent regularization parameter. This model is able to preserve small details of images while homogeneous regions still remain sufficiently smooth. The automated selection of the regularization parameter is based on the local discrepancy function. The corresponding minimization problem with a spatially adapted regularization parameter can be solved efficiently by the split Bregman method. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has the potential to enhance regions of images containing detail and remove Poisson noise simultaneously, which leads to an improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio and the mean absolute error for deblurring results.
Galaxy Evolution by the Incompatibility between Dark Matter and Baryonic Matter

The paper derives the galaxy evolution by the non-interacting (incompatibility) between dark matter and baryonic matter in terms of the short-range separation between dark matter and baryonic matter, so dark matter cannot contact baryonic matter. In the conventional CDM (cold dark matter) model, dark matter and baryonic matter are interactive (compatible), so dark matter can contact baryonic matter. However, the conventional CDM model fails to account for the failure to detect dark matter by the contact (interaction) between dark matter and baryonic matter, the shortage of small galaxies, the abundance of spiral galaxies, the old age of large galaxies, and the formation of thin spiral galaxies. The non-interacting (incompatible cold dark matter) model can account for these observed phenomena. The five periods of baryonic structure development in the order of increasing non-interacting (incompatibility) are the free baryonic matter, the baryonic droplet, the galaxy, the cluster, and the supercluster periods.
Jrender: An efficient differentiable rendering library based on Jittor

Differentiable rendering has been proven as a powerful tool to bridge 2D images and 3D models. With the aid of differentiable rendering, tasks in computer vision and computer graphics could be solved more ele-gantly and accurately. To address challenges in the implementations of differentiable rendering methods, we present an efﬁcient and modular differentiable rendering library named Jrender based on Jittor. Jrender supports surface rendering for 3D meshes and volume rendering for 3D volumes. Compared with previous differentiable renderers, Jrender exhibits a signiﬁcant improvement in both performance and rendering quality. Due to the modular design, various rendering effects such as PBR materials shading, ambient occlusions, soft shadows, global illumination, and subsurface scattering could be easily supported in Jrender, which are not available in other differentiable rendering libraries. To validate our library, we integrate Jrender into applications such as 3D object reconstruction and NeRF, which show that our implementations could achieve the same quality with higher performance.
A nonlinear optimal feedback controller using neural networks

A general optimal feedback controller can be obtained by solving the Hamilton Jacobi Bellman dynamic programming equation. But for a nonlinear dynamic system, it is a difficult task. We propose a practical and effective method for constructing an approximate optimal feedback controller, where multilayer neural networks are employed in identification of nonlinear systems and Taylor expansions are exploited to get the approximate optimal solution for the nonlinear feedback controller. Two examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Racialized scripts of silence: how whiteness organizes silence as a response to social protest about racism in the United States

ABSTRACT Communication research often sidelines and ignores racial dynamics in organizational practices and processes, even when considering social movements and protests over racism. The current interview-based project uses a critical lens to examine how a U.S. university employed a racialized script of silence in response to social protest about racism. We analyze how organizations maintain and promote whiteness through racialized discourses of bureaucracy, professionalism, and legality that coalesce into a seemingly neutral script of silence. We suggest attending to how racialized scripts are always already created and diffused through mechanisms that engage historically situated narratives and argue that organizational silence is best understood not as an absence but as a continuous presence of existing structures that limit and quiet dissent. The analysis has implications for connections among organizational silence, whiteness, and discourses, as well as research on organizational scripts and practices for organizational members.
Title Prevalence of antibodies against avian influenza A ( H 5 N 1 ) virusamong cullers and poultry workers in Ho Chi Minh City , 2005

Background: Between 2003 and 2005, highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses caused large scale outbreaks in poultry in the Ho Chi Minh City area in Vietnam. We studied the prevalence of antibodies against H5N1 in poultry workers and cullers who were active in the program in Ho Chi Minh City in 2004 and 2005. Methodology/Principal Findings: Single sera from 500 poultry workers and poultry cullers exposed to infected birds were tested for antibodies to avian influenza H5N1, using microneutralization assays and hemagglutination inhibition assay with horse blood. All sera tested negative using microneutralization tests. Three samples showed a 1:80 titer in the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Conclusions/Significance: This study provides additional support for the low transmissibility of clade 1 H5N1 to humans, but limited transmission to highly exposed persons cannot be excluded given the presence of low antibody titers in some individuals. Citation: Schultsz C, Van Dung N, Hai LT, Quang Ha D, Peiris JSM, et al. (2009) Prevalence of Antibodies against Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus among Cullers and Poultry Workers in Ho Chi Minh City, 2005. PLoS ONE 4(11): e7948. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0007948 Editor: Johan K. Sandberg, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden Received August 6, 2009; Accepted October 28, 2009; Published November 23, 2009 Copyright: 2009 Schultsz et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This study was supported by the Wellcome Trust, UK, and the Area of Excellence Scheme of the University Grants Committee, Hong Kong (Grant AoE/ M-12/06). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: schultsz@gmail.com