Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Process monitoring based on Kullback Leibler divergence

This article proposes to monitor industrial process faults using Kullback Leibler (KL) divergence. The main idea is to measure the difference between the distributions of normal and faulty data. Sensitivity analysis on the KL divergence under Gaussian distribution assumption is performed, which shows that the sensitivity of KL divergence increases with the number of samples. For non-Gaussian data, a recently proposed kernel method for density ratio estimation is used to estimate the KL divergence. The density ratio estimation method does not involve direct estimation of probability density functions, hence is fast and efficient. For monitoring of non-Gaussian data, the confidence limits are obtained through a window based strategy. Application studies involving a simulation example and an industrial melter process show that the performance of the proposed monitoring strategy is better than the principal component analysis (PCA) based statistical local approach.
Fiber-waviness Model in Filament Winding Process *

Abstract Fiber waviness is one of the initial defects in the filament winding process, and causes reduction of compressive strength of the composite structure. The mechanism of growth of fiber waviness is, however, not completely clear. In the present study, a model for generating fiber waviness is proposed. It is assumed to be due to local fiber micro-buckling arising from the compression load caused by shrinkage of a metal jig. Three faults are considered as causes of micro-buckling: bonding between metal jig and composite, insufficient cure of the resin, and initial deflection of fibers. Analysis and experiments based on this model have been carried out. Key words : Carbon Fibers; Polymer-matrix Composite, Filament Winding, Fiber Waviness, Curing Defects 1. Introduction Although applications of fiber reinforced composites (FRP) are increasing for aerospace structural components because of their high specific strength and stiffness, FRP is not widely accepted for other structures. One of the reasons is difficulty of processing FRP: many trial and error approaches are indispensable for preventing initial defects. Fiber waviness is one of the important initial defects in the filament winding process, and causes large reduction of the compressive strength of composite structures
A Multi-GPU Framework for In-Memory Text Data Analytics

Current application of GPU processors for parallel computing tasks show excellent results in terms of speed-ups compared to CPU processors. However, there is no existing framework that enables automatic distribution of data and processing across multiple GPUs, modularity of kernel design, and efficient co-usage of CPU and GPU processors. All these elements are necessary conditions to enable users to easily perform 'Big Data' analysis, and to create their own modules for their desired processing functionality. We propose a framework for in-memory 'Big Text Data' analytics that provides mechanisms for automatic data segmentation, distribution, execution, and result retrieval across multiple cards (CPU, GPU & FPGA) and machines, and a modular design for easy addition of new GPU kernels. The architecture and components of the framework such as multi-card data distribution and execution, data structures for efficient memory access, algorithms for parallel GPU computation, and result retrieval are described in detail, and some of the kernels in the framework are evaluated using Big Data versus multi-core CPUs to demonstrate the performance and feasibility of using it for 'Big Data' analytics, providing alternative and cheaper HPC solution.
Ribonucleic Acid Interference Knockdown of Interleukin 6 Attenuates Cold-Induced Hypertension

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL) 6 in cold-induced hypertension. Four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were used (6 rats per group). After blood pressure was stabilized, 3 groups received intravenous delivery of adenoassociated virus carrying IL-6 small hairpin RNA (shRNA), adenoassociated virus carrying scrambled shRNA, and PBS, respectively, before exposure to a cold environment (5°C). The last group received PBS and was kept at room temperature (25°C, warm) as a control. Adenoassociated virus delivery of IL-6 shRNA significantly attenuated cold-induced elevation of systolic blood pressure and kept it at the control level for ≤7 weeks (length of the study). Chronic exposure to cold upregulated IL-6 expression in aorta, heart, and kidneys and increased macrophage and T-cell infiltration in kidneys, suggesting that cold exposure increases inflammation. IL-6 shRNA delivery abolished the cold-induced upregulation of IL-6, indicating effective silence of IL-6. Interestingly, RNA interference knockdown of IL-6 prevented cold-induced inflammation, as evidenced by a complete inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-&agr; expression and leukocyte infiltration by IL-6 shRNA. RNA interference knockdown of IL-6 significantly decreased the cold-induced increase in vascular superoxide production. It is noted that IL-6 shRNA abolished the cold-induced increase in collagen deposition in the heart, suggesting that inflammation is involved in cold-induced cardiac remodeling. Cold exposure caused glomerular collapses, which could be prevented by knockdown of IL-6, suggesting an important role of inflammation in cold-induced renal damage. In conclusion, cold exposure increased IL-6 expression and inflammation, which play critical roles in the pathogenesis of cold-induced hypertension and cardiac and renal damage.
Solid Phase Transformations During CW Laser Processing

We review recent advances in studies of solid phase crystallization of amorphous silicon at high temperatures. The kinetics of solid phase epitaxy and random crystallization have been investigated over the temperature range from 550°C to -1350°C using cw Ar laser and flashlamp-pumped dye laser heating and time-resolved reflectivity measurements of crystallization rate. We examine the interplay between solid phase epitaxy and random crystallization in lightly doped films, and the temperature and concentration dependent competi-tion between crystallization, precipitation and phase separation in amorphous layers containing In and As at concentrations greater than 0.5 at. %.
An energy efficient distributed clustering approach with assistant nodes in wireless sensor networks

Clustering the sensor nodes is one of the most popular and an effective approach for applications that require scalability to hundreds or thousands of nodes. The conventional algorithms consider various parameters to evenly distribute the energy load. However, energy consumption problem of the cluster head is still remained. In this paper, we propose a novel clustering approach that periodically elects cluster heads and assistant nodes together. The assistant nodes substitute for each cluster head to transmit sensor readings to the base station. In the result of performance evaluation, our proposed clustering algorithm achieves about 10% ~ 40% performance improvements over the existing clustering algorithms in terms of lifetime.
Codecell convexity in optimal entropy-constrained vector quantization

Properties of optimal entropy-constrained vector quantizers (ECVQs) are studied for the squared-error distortion measure. It is known that restricting an ECVQ to have convex codecells may preclude its optimality for some sources with discrete distribution. We show that for sources with continuous distribution, any finite-level ECVQ can be replaced by another finite-level ECVQ with convex codecells that has equal or better performance. We generalize this result to infinite-level quantizers, and also consider the problem of existence of optimal ECVQs for continuous source distributions. In particular, we show that given any entropy constraint, there exists an ECVQ with (possibly infinitely many) convex codecells that has minimum distortion among all ECVQs satisfying the constraint. These results extend analogous statements in entropy-constrained scalar quantization. They also generalize results in entropy-constrained vector quantization that were obtained via the Lagrangian formulation and, therefore, are valid only for certain values of the entropy constraint.
Intrusion Detection based on Distance Combination

The intrusion detection problem has been frequently studied, but intrusion detection methods are often based on a single point of view, which always limits the results. In this paper, we introduce a new intrusion detection model based on the combination of different current methods. First we use a notion of distance to unify the different methods. Second we combine these methods using the Pearson correlation coefficients, which measure the relationship between two methods, and we obtain a combined distance. If the combined distance is greater than a predetermined threshold, an intrusion is detected. We have implemented and tested the combination model with two different public data sets: the data set of masquerade detection collected by Schonlau & al., and the data set of program behaviors from the University of New Mexico. The results of the experiments prove that the combination model has better performances. Keywords—Intrusion detection, combination, distance, Pearson correlation coefficients.
Combining Fisher Vector and Convolutional Neural Networks for Image Retrieval

Fisher Vector (FV) and deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) are two popular approaches for extracting effective image representations. FV aggregates local information (e.g., SIFT) and have been state-of-the-art before the recent success of deep learning approaches. Recently, combination of FV and CNN has been investigated. However, only the aggregation of SIFT has been tested. In this work, we propose combining CNN and FV built upon binary local features, called BMM-FV. The results show that BMM-FV and CNN improve the latter retrieval performance with less computational effort with respect to the use of the traditional FV which relies on non-binary features.
Electro-Mechanical Safety Testing of Portable ECG Devices for Home Healthcare Usage

Objectives This paper suggests the experimental guidelines to evaluate the electro-mechanical safety of belt type equipment. The electro-mechanical safety was determined by using the International Electrotechnical Commission guidelines, which are widely used as important factors for assessing the electro-mechanical safety of belt type equipment. However, the local guidelines on wearable healthcare sensors are currently not well-established. Therefore, safety guidelines suited for the actual circumstances in Korea are required, and this paper attempts to try a new experimental safety test procedure of the wearable healthcare sensor. Methods This belt type device measures the electrocardiogram (ECG) and heart rates by attaching to the chest. Examination lists were selected by analyzing the common standards ofelectro-mechanical safety (IEC 60601-1) and environment tests (IEC 60068-1, IEC 60068-2) of home-healthcare equipment. Results The essential electrical safety, which was required for the RS300G3 as a medical device, was evaluated, and most of the examination lists were selected by considering the circumstances of the users. The device passed all the selected examinable lists that are applicable to the Korean environment. Conclusions This study has limitations to estimate and to conduct electro-mechanical safety experiments because our study focused on the belt type of heart-rates equipment. We are not taking into account the overall electro-mechanical home-healthcare measurements. According to industrial and technological development, there are infinite possibilities for the advancement of home-healthcare equipment, so more examination lists for safety are being added in addition to what we have done.
Overview of Glycemic Control in Critical Care: Relating Performance and Clinical Results

Background: Hyperglycemia is prevalent in critical care and tight control can save lives. Current ad-hoc clinical protocols require significant clinical effort and produce highly variable results. Model-based methods can provide tight, patient specific control, while addressing practical clinical difficulties and dynamic patient evolution. However, tight control remains elusive as there is not enough understanding of the relationship between control performance and clinical outcome. Methods: The general problem and performance criteria are defined. The clinical studies performed to date using both ad-hoc titration and model-based methods are reviewed. Studies reporting mortality outcome are analysed in terms of standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and a 95th percentile (±2σ) standard error (SE95%) to enable better comparison across cohorts. Results: Model-based control trials lower blood glucose into a 72–110 mg/dL band within 10 hours, have target accuracy over 90%, produce fewer hypoglycemic episodes, and require no additional clinical intervention. Plotting SMR versus SE95% shows potentially high correlation (r=0.84) between ICU mortality and tightness of control. Summary: Model-based methods provide tighter, more adaptable one method fits all solutions, using methods that enable patient-specific modeling and control. Correlation between tightness of control and clinical outcome suggests that performance metrics, such as time in a relevant glycemic band, may provide better guidelines. Overall, compared to the current one size fits all sliding scale and ad-hoc regimens, patient-specific pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic model-based, or one method fits all control, utilizing computational and emerging sensor technologies, offers improved treatment and better potential outcomes when treating hyperglycemia in the highly dynamic critically ill patient.
[The emergence of expressive communication in the child with Down syndrome].

BACKGROUND expressive communication in the child with Down syndrome (DS). AIM this study had as a purpose the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the different forms of communication in children with DS; the emergence of oral expression and its relationship with the use of gestures; the development of gestures and their qualification; the effectiveness of the dialectic-didactic method, based on the clinical method proposed by Piaget, as a form of speech-language intervention. METHOD participants of this study were eight children with DS (ages between 33 and 52 months at the beginning of the research) - four composing the research group (RG) and four composing the control group one (CG1); and four children with normal development ND (ages between 14 and 16 months at the beginning of the research) - control group number two (CG2). All children presented cognitive development classified between the final sensory motor stage and the beginning of the pre-operational stage, and were assessed three times during a period of 12 months: initial, after six months and after twelve months. All assessments were recorded and transcribed. Toys, appropriate to the cognitive stage of the children, were used as materials during the assessments. The therapeutic process, exclusively for the RG, consisted of 40 therapy sessions, using similar materials to those used at during the assessments. RESULTS children in the RG developed better than children in CG1. Children who expressed themselves better were those who presented a better cognitive development. CONCLUSION it was possible to confirm the effectiveness of the dialectic-didactic method as a therapy method, shown through the language development of the RG when compared to GC1.
An Effective Location-Based Power Conservation Scheme for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Problem statement: One of the major issues in current reactive routing protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) is the high bandwidth and power consumptions during the routing process. In this study, we proposed and evaluated the performance of an efficient Location-Based Power Conservation (LBPC) scheme for MANETs. Approach: In this scheme, the transmitting node utilized the location-information of the first-hop neighbors to adjust its radio transmission range according to one of the following criteria: Farthest first-hop neighbor, average distance of the first-hop neighbors and a random distance between the nearest and the farthest first-hop neighbors. Results: A number of simulation were carried-out to evaluate the power conservation ratio that can be achieved for two route discovery algorithms, namely, pure flooding and Location-Aided Routing Scheme 1 (LAR-1) algorithms. Conclusion: The simulation results demonstrated that the scheme can provide power conservation ratios between 10-50% without adding any extra overheads or complexity to the routing algorithm.
Prediction of mesothelioma, lung cancer, and asbestosis in former Wittenoom asbestos workers.

so replete with error that it seems to me it would be appropriate to designate him as a negative correspondent -namely, somebody who is wrong more often that chance alone allows him to be. Weller writes that "it is reasonable to expect that those concerned with mining and processing asbestos should have been alert to the growing body of medical opinion . to the established links between asbestos inhalation and serious diseases. " One might ask, should they (the asbestos producers and if it comes to that the medical and scientific communities) have known in 1950 on the basis of 30 to 40 published cases of concomitant asbestosis and lung cancer, that there was a cause and effect relation? This was five or more years before Doll published his classic paper. ' As for mesothelioma, the association between exposure to crocidolite and mesothelioma did not come to light until the paper by Wagner et al in 1960.2 It was uncertain whether amosite was similarly carcinogenic, and this is what prompted Selikoff to carry out his study, which was subsequently published in 1972. ' Weller tells us that "Johns Manderville" (Johns Mansville? ) and other companies should have read Gloyne's pertinent abstract! Gloyne certainly did not write the abstract! Weller does not reference Gloyne's paper, but I assume he refers to the description of
Right Ventricular Injury in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Risk Stratification by Visualization of Wall Motion, Edema, and Delayed-Enhancement Cardiac Magnetic Resonance

Background— Patients with right ventricular injury (RVI) complicating ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have impaired prognosis, but it is unclear which patients are at risk of developing RVI. Cardiac magnetic resonance can identify these patients and might add important information on risk stratification, prognosis, and treatment. Aims were to determine the predictors and the prognostic significance of RVI assessed by wall motion abnormalities, edema, myocardial salvage index, and delayed enhancement in acute reperfused STEMI. Methods and Results— We studied 450 patients 1–4 days after primary angioplasty in STEMI. T2-weighted and delayed-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance was used for visualizing edema and scar to calculate myocardial salvage index. Cine-imaging was performed to assess wall motion abnormalities, which, in combination with edema, were considered diagnostic for RVI. Patients with RVI were compared with matched patients with isolated left ventricular infarction. The primary end point was the occurrence of a major adverse cardiac event: a composite of death, reinfarction, and congestive heart failure after a median follow-up period of 20.9 months. RVI was present in 69 patients, and 41 of 69 showed myocardial necrosis. In a multivariable stepwise forward logistic regression analysis, a high RV myocardial mass (odds ratio, 2.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–3.58; P=0.012) and a low Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow before angioplasty (odds ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.32–0.76; P=0.011) were associated with RVI. Cox regression analysis revealed RVI as the most statistically significant predictor of time to major adverse cardiac events (hazard-ratio, 3.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.99–5.66; P<0.001). Conclusions— RVI detected by cardiac magnetic resonance is a strong and independent predictor of clinical outcome after acute reperfused STEMI. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT01359306.
Development of biomimetic gelatin–chitosan/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite via double diffusion method for biomedical applications

Abstract In this research, nanocomposite scaffolds were prepared from gelatin/chitosan and hydroxyapatite via a biomimetic method. The prepared scaffolds were then evaluated by means of commonly used bulk techniques: X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. In this study, the gelatin–chitosan/apatite nanocomposite scaffolds were fabricated using the applied biomimetic method accompanied by freeze drying. The apatite was formed using double diffusion within the gelatin/chitosan hydrogel at similar pH and temperature to the human body. The obtained nanocomposites were soaked in glutaraldehyde solution in order to enhance their mechanical properties and also make them insoluble in water. Diffusion of calcium and phosphate ions from lateral sides into the hydrogel middle caused formation of a white layered precipitate. Analysis of precipitates formed within the hydrogel middle for the samples showed that detected materials are composed of carbonated hydroxyapatite and amorphous dicalcium phosphate dihydrate. After incubation in simulated body fluid, the amorphous phase converted to crystalline hydroxyapatite, which process is similar to bone formation in the human body. Mechanical properties obtained for the scaffolds were comparable to spongy bone. Also in this work, MTT assay and alkaline phosphatase activity on the prepared scaffolds were evaluated and discussed. Finally, the obtained experimental results ascertained that the nanocomposite prepared with chitosan/gelatin (20/80) had appropriate properties for bone tissue engineering scaffold.
Effect of protozoa on rumen protein degradation in sheep.

We have studied the contribution of ciliate protozoa to the degradation of dietary protein, utilizing 5 defaunated and 6 faunated sheep. Rumen samples from these animals were used as inocular for in vitro determination of the degradability of different protein sources: lupine grain, peanut and soybean cake, and fish meal. We also applied the in sacco method to measure the digestibility of soybean proteins. Two pore sizes (50 and 100 microns) were used in the in sacco study. The nitrogen degradation curve was constructed according to the mathematical model: P(t) = a + b (1-e-ct), and the parameters a, b, and c were determined for both faunated and defaunated animals. The proteolytic activity of the rumen contents was also determined using azocasein. The in vitro degradability of proteins was significantly less in defaunated than in faunated animals: 17, 19, 28 and 64% with lupine grain, peanut cake, soybean cake and fish meal proteins, respectively. The protozoal effect was greater when protein solubility was low. The in sacco study showed that neither the protozoa nor bag pore size had any effect on the protein fraction (a) immediately soluble in the rumen juice. However, both factors increased the insoluble, potentially degradable fraction "b" (P less than or equal to .01). Protozoa had a positive effect on the rate of degradation (c) of the fraction b. This effect was most clear with the 100 micron bags. The significant interaction between protozoa and pore size on factor "c" showed that large ciliate protozoa (100 microns) were directly involved in determining this parameter. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)