Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Redox diversity in ERAD-mediated protein retrotranslocation from the endoplasmic reticulum: a complex puzzle

Abstract Misfolded and incorrectly assembled proteins in the secretory pathway are eliminated by ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation in a process known as ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Retrotranslocation of diverse substrates including misfolded proteins and viruses occurs through channels in the ER membrane, which are also utilized for host cell penetration by A/B class protein toxins such as cholera toxin, ricin or K28. According to the current view, disulfide-bonded proteins must either be reduced or rearranged to ensure translocation competence and entry into the cytosol from the ER. As the underlying mechanisms are still largely mysterious, we here focus on the redox status and disulfide isomerization of ERAD substrates and the role of oxidoreductases in the essential process of ER-to-cytosol retrotranslocation.
Self‐Categorization and Bystander Non‐intervention: Two Experimental Studies

This paper outlines a new approach to the study of bystander intervention. Using insights derived from self-categorization theory (Turner, Hogg, Oakes, Reicher, & Wetherell, 1987), we explore the social category relations among those present in the context of physical violence. The paper describes two experiments that manipulate the social category relations between (a) bystander and fellow bystanders, and (b) bystander and victim. Analysis indicates that fellow bystanders are only influential when they are in-group rather than out-group members. Furthermore, bystanders are more likely to help victims who are described as in-group as opposed to out-group members. Overall, the findings suggest an important role for a self-categorization perspective in developing strategies to promote bystander intervention.
Induction of an organ-specific autoimmune disease, lymphocytic hypophysitis, in hamsters by recombinant rubella virus glycoprotein and prevention of disease by neonatal thymectomy

Glycosylated, membrane-associated E1 (58-kDa) and E2 (47- to 49-kDa) rubella virus proteins and unglycosylated nucleoprotein C (33 kDa), from separately expressed vaccinia virus recombinants, were injected into golden Syrian hamsters. Rubella virus E1 and E2 glycoproteins consistently induced an organ-specific autoimmune disease, autoimmune lymphocytic hypophysitis, which was evidenced by the induction of autoantibodies against pituitary cells and by lymphocytic infiltration of the pituitary. Neonatal thymectomy prevented the disease. In contrast, rubella virus nucleoprotein C did not induce either autoantibodies against pituitary cells or lymphocytic infiltration of the pituitary. This finding raises the possibility that virus-specific protein itself can induce an organ-specific autoimmune disease in certain circumstances.
Long-Duration Ventricular Fibrillation Exhibits 2 Distinct Organized States

Background—Previous studies showed that endocardial activation during long-duration ventricular fibrillation (VF) exhibits organized activity. We identified and quantified the different types of organized activity. Methods and Results—Two 64-electrode basket catheters were inserted, respectively, into the left ventricle and right ventricle of dogs to record endocardial activation from the endocardium during 7 minutes of VF (controls, n=6). The study was repeated with the KATP channel opener pinacidil (n=6) and the calcium channel blocker flunarizine (n=6). After 2 minutes of VF without drugs, 2 highly organized left ventricular endocardial activation patterns were observed: (1) ventricular electric synchrony pattern, in which endocardial activation arose focally and either had a propagation sequence similar to sinus rhythm or arose near papillary muscles, and (2) stable pattern, in which activation was regular and repeatable, sometimes forming a stable re-entrant circuit around the left ventricular apex. Between 3 and 7 minutes of VF, the percent of time ventricular electric synchrony was present was control=25%, flunarizine=24% (P=0.44), and pinacidil=0.1% (P<0.001) and the percent of time stable pattern was present was control=71%, flunarizine=48% (P<0.001), and pinacidil=56% (P<0.001). The remainder of the time, nonstable re-entrant activation with little repeatability was present. Conclusions—After 3 minutes, VF exhibits 2 highly organized endocardial activation patterns 96% of the time, one potentially arising focally in the Purkinje system that was prevented with a KATP channel opener but not a calcium channel blocker and the other potentially arising from a stable re-entrant circuit near the apical left ventricular endocardium.
Modelling linguistic gradience

Many schools of modern linguistics generally adopt a rigid approach to categorisation by not allowing degrees of form class membership, degrees of resemblance to a prototype or overlaps between categories. This all-or-none conception of categorisation (Bolinger 1961) goes back to Aristotle, and has been pervasive and influential, especially in formal linguistics. The alternative view, prevalent amongst descriptive and cognitive linguists, is to posit grammars which pervasively display categorial vagueness, more usually called gradience. In this article I will begin by briefly tracing some of the ideas on gradience in linguistics and philosophy. I will then argue, firstly, that gradience should have a role to play in language studies (both descriptive and theoretical). Secondly, I will show that two types of category fluidity should be distinguished. One type I will call Subsective Gradience (SG). It is intra-categorial in nature, and allows for members of a class to display the properties of that class to varying degrees. The other type is called Intersective Gradience (IG). This is an inter-categorial phenomenon which is characterised by two form classes ‘converging’ on each other. Thirdly, I will argue that while the two types of gradience are grammatically real, IG is not as widespread as is often claimed. Finally, in this article I will attempt to be more precise about the vague phenomenon of gradience. To this end I will devise a formalisation of SG and IG, using a number of case studies mainly from English. The formalism makes use of morphosyntactic tests to establish whether an item belongs to a particular class or to a ‘bordering’ one by weighing up the form class features that apply to the item in question. This article can be seen to argue for a midway position between the Aristotelian and the cognitivist conceptions of categorisation in that I will defend a position that allows for gradience, but nevertheless maintains sharp boundaries between categories. The ideas put forward in this article have wider implications for the study of language, in that they address the problem posed by the existence of a tension between generally rigidly conceived linguistic concepts and the continuous phenomena they describe.
The Impact of Methamphetamine Use on Parenting

SUMMARY Children whose parents abuse substances are often exposed to chaotic and neglectful lifestyles. Because of the increase in methamphetamine abuse, especially by females of child-bearing age, it is important to understand how the use of this drug impacts parenting. In this qualitative study, ten parents being treated for methamphetamine abuse were interviewed. Results indicated that while using, parents utilized a polarized style of parenting and specific drug management strategies, allowed exposure to violence, created upheaval in their children's daily living structure, and felt ambivalence when discussing these effects on children. Implications for social work practice include early intervention focusing on strengthening parenting skills.
Model predictive control for systems with scheduled load and its application to automated irrigation channels

The problem of satisfying constraints imposed on a dynamical system that operates under a load schedule is considered from the perspective of using model predictive control to set free inputs across time. We formulate an approach incorporating information about the schedule and identify conditions for when it is guaranteed to work. The proposed method is motivated and simulated within the context of set-point generation for an automated irrigation channel.
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Tacrine-Ferulic Acid Hybrids as Multifunctional Drug Candidates against Alzheimer’s Disease

Five novel tacrine-ferulic acid hybrid compounds (8a–e) were synthesized and their structures were identified on the basis of a detailed spectroscopic analysis. The activities of inhibiting acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and butyryl cholinesterase (BuChE), reducing self-induced β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and chelating Cu2+ were evaluated in vitro. Among them, 8c and 8d displayed the higher selectivity in inhibiting AChE over BuChE. Moreover, 8d also showed dramatic inhibition of self-Aβ aggregation, activity of chelating Cu2+ and activity against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in Neuro-2A cells.
Alignment of the IS Functions With the Enterprise: Toward a Model of Antecedents

Identifying the best way to organize the IS functions within an enterprise has been a critical IS management issue since the mid-1980s. Yet to date, MIS researchers have offered little empirical evidence on which to base guidelines for the practitioner. This study seeks to explain a firm's IS organization design decision for a decentralized, centralized, or "hybrid" locus of responsibility from an expanded set of environmental, overall organizational, and IS-specific antecedants as well as a larger concept of organizational alignment. Potential antecedents are selected from prior contingency research and the IS literature; other variables emerge from the data collection. Data collected via on-site interviews from IS and general managers in six multi-divisional firms, paired by industry, confirm that centralized, decentralized, and hybrid IS structures exist -- but often not in ''pure'' form -- and that industry type is not a strong predictor. Data was also collected via survey form on the importance of potential antecedents for a recent IS design change in each firm. Based on both qualitative and quantitative data, four configurations are discussed; patterns of antecedents that are associated with (1) highly centralized or (2) highly decentralized IS structures; and patterns of antecdents that explain a firm's choice to (3) decentralize of (4) recentralize systems development and application planning functions in particular. A model based on these configurations is then proposed. The article concludes with implications for researchers and practioners .
Blocking in parallel multisearch problems (extended abstract)

External memory (EM) algorithms are designed for computational problems in which the size of the internal memory of the computer is only a small fraction of the problem size. Block-wise access to data is a central theme in the design of efficient EM algorithms. A similar requirement arises in the transmission of data between processors in certain parallel computation models such as BSP* and CGM, for which block-wise communication is a crucial issue. We consider multisearch problems, where a large number of queries are to be simultaneously processed and satisfied by navigating through large data structures on parallel computers. The examples used originate as BSP* algorithms and we adapt them to the EM situation where the queries and data structure are considered to be much larger than the size of the available internal memory. This paper presents techniques to achieve blocking for I/O as well as for communication in multisearch on the BSP* and EM-BSP* models. In the area of EM algorithms new algorithms for multisearch in balanced trees are described. For search trees up to size O(n log n) where n is the number of queries, we obtain work-optimal, parallel, EM multisearch algorithms whose I/O and communication time are the same, asymptotically, as the computation time. These algorithms are obtained via the simulation technique of (151. For larger trees we describe a parallel, EM algorithm which is simultaneously c-optimal and I/O-optimal. We give a lower bound to the number of I/O operations required for filtering n queries through a binary or multiway search tree of size m when m 2 n’+‘, constant E > 0. *Research partially supported by DFG-Sonderforscllungsbereich 376 “Massive Parallelitiit” and by EU ESPRIT Long Term Research Project 20244 (ALCOM-IT). Th’ IS research was performed while the first author was at the University of Pnderborn. ‘Research partially supported by Almerco, Inc. and by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. tResearch partially supported by Almerco, Inc. and by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the frst page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. SPAA 98 ktetto Vallarta Mexico Copyright ACM 1998 O-89791-989-0/98/ 6LSS.00 In the domain of parallel, non-EM algorithms we describe a new l-optimal algorithm for BSP* multisearch in optimal trees which communicates in a block-wise fashion.
Activity of complex III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain is essential for early heart muscle cell differentiation

During development of the heart, mitochondria proliferate within cardiomyocytes. It is unclear whether this is a response to the increasing energy demand or whether it is part of the developmental program. To investigate the role of the electron transport chain (ETC) in this process, we used transgenic murine embryonic stem (ES) cells in which the green fluorescent protein gene is under control of the a‐myosin heavy chain promoter (a‐MHC), allowing easy monitoring of cardiomyocyte differentiation. Spontaneous contraction of these cells within embryoid bodies (EBs) was not affected by inhibition of the ETC, suggesting that early heart cell function is sufficiently supported by anaerobic ATP production. However, heart cell development was completely blocked when adding antimycin A, an inhibitor of ETC complex III, before initiation of differentiation, whereas KCN did not block differentiation, strongly suggesting that specifically complex III function rather than mitochondrial ATP production is necessary for early heart cell development. When the underlying mechanism was examined, we noticed that antimycin A but not KCN lead to inhibition of spontaneous intracellular Ca++ oscillations, whereas both substances decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, as expected. We postulate that mitochondrial complex III activity is necessary for these Ca++ oscillations, which in turn are a prerequisite for cardiomyocyte differentiation.
Influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing outpatient, inpatient, and severe cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza.

BACKGROUND In most seasons, the influenza vaccine is effective in preventing influenza, but it is not clear whether it is equally effective in preventing mild and severe cases. We designed a case-control study to compare the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in preventing outpatient, inpatient, and severe or fatal cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza. METHODS Hospitalized patients (n = 691) with laboratory-confirmed influenza in the 2010-2011 season recruited in 29 Spanish hospitals were individually matched by age, admission/visit date, and province with an outpatient with laboratory-confirmed influenza and an outpatient control. Severe cases were considered those patients admitted to intensive care units or who died in the hospital (n = 177). We compared the influenza vaccine status of controls and outpatient cases, inpatient cases, and severe cases using conditional logistic regression adjusted for potential confounding factors. Severe and nonsevere inpatient influenza cases were compared using unconditional logistic regression. Vaccine effectiveness was (1 - odds ratio) × 100. RESULTS Vaccine effectiveness was 75% (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], .16-.39) in preventing influenza outpatient cases, 60% (AOR, 0.40; 95% CI, .25-.63) in preventing influenza-associated hospitalizations, and 89% (AOR, 0.11; 95% CI, .04-.37) in preventing severe cases. In inpatients, influenza vaccination was associated with a lower risk of severe influenza (AOR, 0.42; 95% CI, .22-.80). CONCLUSIONS Influenza vaccination prevented influenza cases and hospitalizations and was associated with a better prognosis in inpatients with influenza. The combined effect of these 2 mechanisms would explain the high effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing severe cases due to influenza.
Social diffusion and global drift in adaptive social networks

Summary of systematic simulationswith varying pand . The difference in average states between before and after a certain number of iterations ( s) is plottedover the p- parameter space. D. Long-term behavior of global average states in two different conditions. Left: Without randomﬂuctuation of node states. Right: With random ﬂuctuation of node states. 4. IMPLICATIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE IMPROVEMENTThis study has illustrated the possibility that social diffusion may be exploited for individual and col-lective improvement. Mechanisms like the adaptive link reassignment used in the simulations abovemay be utilized in practice to, for example, help spread desirable behaviors and/or suppress undesir-able behaviors among youths. One particularly interesting application area is education. The authorand his collaborators have studied possible diffusion of academic success in high school students’ socialnetwork [Blansky et al. 2013], which naturally led educators to ask how one could utilize such diffusiondynamics to improve the students’ success at a whole school level. Na¨ive mixing of students may notbe a good strategy due to bidirectional effects of social diffusion. Inducing correlation between degreesand academic achievements, on the other hand, may be a practically implementable solution at schoolby allowing higher-achieving students to participate in more extracurricular activities.
Gaze Bias in Preference Judgments by Younger and Older Adults

Individuals’ gaze behavior reflects the choice they will ultimately make. For example, people confronting a choice among multiple stimuli tend to look longer at stimuli that are subsequently chosen than at other stimuli. This tendency, called the gaze bias effect, is a key aspect of visual decision-making. Nevertheless, no study has examined the generality of the gaze bias effect in older adults. Here, we used a two-alternative forced-choice task (2AFC) to compare the gaze behavior reflective of different stages of decision processes demonstrated by younger and older adults. Participants who had viewed two faces were instructed to choose the one that they liked/disliked or the one that they judged to be more/less similar to their own face. Their eye movements were tracked while they chose. The results show that the gaze bias effect occurred during the remaining time in both age groups irrespective of the decision type. However, no gaze bias effect was observed for the preference judgment during the first dwell time. Our study demonstrated that the gaze bias during the remaining time occurred regardless of decision-making task and age. Further study using diverse participants, such as clinic patients or infants, may help to generalize the gaze bias effect and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the gaze bias.
Disciplined Hearts: History, Identity, and Depression in an American Indian Community

'This is a good place for your work. Depression is a big problem here. About 70-80 percent of our people are depressed. ' When she arrived at the Flathead Reservation in Montana to start an ethnographic study of depression, medical anthropologist Theresa DeLeane O'Nell repeatedly encountered such statements. This astonishingly widespread concern propelled the author into the complex lives of these modern American Indian people and into the historical roots of their contemporary situation. In "Disciplined Hearts", O'Nell draws on recent anthropological theory to locate Flathead depression in the culturally organized experiences of an oppressed people. According to O'Nell, Flathead narratives of depression are tales in which narrators use their demoralization as a guide for modern Indian life. Underlying their tales, she says, is the dramatic assertion that depression is the natural condition of 'real Indians' - those who have 'disciplined' their hearts by recasting their personal sadness into compassion for others. This rich account of family and community life describes the moral imagination with which Flathead Indian people weave together historical and personal loss, American Indian identity, and social responsibility. Based on her ethnographic and clinical work, O'Nell pinpoints American Indian depression within a complex interplay of cultural ideas of the self and the Indian family, emotion and ethnic identity, and historical relations between Indians and whites.
Charting diversity and change in IS publications: A tri-continental journal analysis

The past decade has seen enormous changes in the availability, use, and application of information systems. Information systems are no longer the preserve of business and the corporation but have become a routine part of everyday life. The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which the increased diversity in application and use of information systems in the past decade has been reflected in increased diversity of the publications of three key journals of three continents – North America, Europe, and Australasia. The paper contributes to the debate on research diversity in Information Systems in three ways. Firstly, it describes four key underpinning dimensions for understanding Information Systems (IS) research diversity in the information age. Secondly, it details the results of a content analysis which examines the trends in research and methodological diversity within the journals MIS Quarterly (MISQ), European Journal of Information Systems (EJIS) and the Australasian Journal of Information Systems (AJIS) during the years 2001-2010. Finally, the paper reflects on diversity within these journals and discusses the findings in relation to both exogenous and endogenous pressures on the discipline more broadly.
Deconstructing Organizational Taboos: The Suppression of Gender Conflict in Organizations

This paper begins with a story told by a corporation president to illustrate what his organization was doing to “help” women employees balance the demands of work and home. The paper deconstructs and reconstructs this story text from a feminist perspective, examining what it says, what it does not say, and what it might have said. This analysis reveals how organizational efforts to “help women” have suppressed gender conflict and reified false dichotomies between public and private realms of endeavor, suggesting why it has proven so difficult to eradicate gender discrimination in organizations. Implications of a feminist perspective for organizational theory are discussed.