Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ACR–SPR–SSR PRACTICE PARAMETER FOR THE PERFORMANCE AND INTERPRETATION OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) OF THE HIP AND PELVIS FOR MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS

This document is an educational tool designed to assist practitioners in providing appropriate radiologic care for patients. Practice parameters and technical standards are not inflexible rules or requirements of practice and are not intended, nor should they be used, to establish a legal standard of care1. For these reasons and those set forth below, the American College of Radiology and our collaborating medical specialty societies caution against the use of these documents in litigation in which the clinical decisions of a practitioner are called into question. The ultimate judgment regarding the propriety of any specific procedure or course of action must be made by the practitioner in light of all the circumstances presented. Thus, an approach that differs from the guidance in this document, standing alone, does not necessarily imply that the approach was below the standard of care. To the contrary, a conscientious practitioner may responsibly adopt a course of action different from that set forth in this document when, in the reasonable judgment of the practitioner, such course of action is indicated by the condition of the patient, limitations of available resources, or advances in knowledge or technology subsequent to publication of this document. However, a practitioner who employs an approach substantially different from the guidance in this document is advised to document in the patient record information sufficient to explain the approach taken. The practice of medicine involves not only the science, but also the art of dealing with the prevention, diagnosis, alleviation, and treatment of disease. The variety and complexity of human conditions make it impossible to always reach the most appropriate diagnosis or to predict with certainty a particular response to treatment. Therefore, it should be recognized that adherence to the guidance in this document will not assure an accurate diagnosis or a successful outcome. All that should be expected is that the practitioner will follow a reasonable course of action based on current knowledge, available resources, and the needs of the patient to deliver effective and safe medical care. The sole purpose of this document is to assist practitioners in achieving this objective.
ANFIS Prediction of the Polymer and PolymerComposite Properties and Its OptimizationTechnique

Prediction and optimization of polymer properties and polymer composite properties are a complex and highly non-linear problem with no any easy method to predict polymer properties directly and accurately. The effect of modifying a monomer (polymer repeat unit) on polymerization and the resulting polymer properties is not an easy task to investigate experimentally, given the large number of possible changes. We utilize a database of polymer properties to train the ANFIS, which accurately predict specific polymer properties. In polymer composites, a certain amount of experimental results is required to train a well-designed ANFIS. The ANFIS approach for predicting certain properties of polymer composite materials are discussed here. These include fatigue life; wear performance, response under combined loading situations, and dynamic mechanical properties. Prediction of effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of different fillers filled in polymer matrixes is proposed. The finding shows that ANFIS demonstrates high prediction accuracy as reflected by the small root mean square error (RMSE) value and high correlation coefficient (r) and coefficient of determination (R2) values. ANFIS prediction results are found to be compatible to linear regression estimations. The goal of this paper is to promote more consideration of using ANFIS in the field of polymer composite property prediction and design. The predicted results by ANFIS are in good agreements with experimental values. The predicted results also show the supremacy of ANFIS in comparison with other earlier developed models.
Dietary fat intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in women.

BACKGROUND The long-term relations between specific types of dietary fat and risk of type 2 diabetes remain unclear. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine the relations between dietary fat intakes and the risk of type 2 diabetes. DESIGN We prospectively followed 84204 women aged 34-59 y with no diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer in 1980. Detailed dietary information was assessed at baseline and updated in 1984, 1986, and 1990 by using validated questionnaires. Relative risks of type 2 diabetes were obtained from pooled logistic models adjusted for nondietary and dietary covariates. RESULTS During 14 y of follow-up, 2507 incident cases of type 2 diabetes were documented. Total fat intake, compared with equivalent energy intake from carbohydrates, was not associated with risk of type 2 diabetes; for a 5% increase in total energy from fat, the relative risk (RR) was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.02). Intakes of saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids were also not significantly associated with the risk of diabetes. However, for a 5% increase in energy from polyunsaturated fat, the RR was 0.63 (0.53, 0.76; P < 0.0001) and for a 2% increase in energy from trans fatty acids the RR was 1.39 (1.15, 1.67; P = 0.0006). We estimated that replacing 2% of energy from trans fatty acids isoenergetically with polyunsaturated fat would lead to a 40% lower risk (RR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.75). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that total fat and saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid intakes are not associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in women, but that trans fatty acids increase and polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce risk. Substituting nonhydrogenated polyunsaturated fatty acids for trans fatty acids would likely reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes substantially.
Cost optimal record/entity matching

Record (or entity) matching or linkage is the process of identifying records in one or more data sources, that refer to the same real world entity or object. In record linkage, the ultimate goal of a decision model is to provide the decision maker with a tool for making decisions upon the actual matching status of a pair of records (i.e., documents, events, persons, cases, etc.). Existing models of record linkage rely on decision rules that minimize the probability of subjecting a case to clerical review, conditional on the probabilities of erroneous matches and erroneous non-matches. In practice though, (a) the value of an erroneous match is, in many applications, quite different from the value of an erroneous non-match, and (b) the cost and the probability of a misclassification, which is associated with the clerical review, is ignored in tills way. In this paper, we present a decision model which is optimal, based on the cost of the record linkage operation, and general enough to accommodate multi-class or multi-decision case studies. We also present a closed fonn decision model for a class of multivariate record comparison pairs with binomially distributed components along with an example and results from applying the proposed model to large comparison spaces.
Culture for Radical Innovation - What can business learn from creative processes of contemporary dancers?

The organization's culture is considered by several scholars to have significant importance for the organization's capacity for innovation. However, there is little known about the specific aspects of organizational culture that facilitates radical innovation. This research project investigates in what ways contemporary dancers creative processes may contribute to our understanding as well as to the development of radical innovation in business. By interviewing ten contemporary dancers and choreographers from different countries, we found in the analysis five elements that support their creative processes from idea to performance. These elements or categories are improvisation, reflection, personal commitment, divergence, emergent supportive structures. An interesting finding is the dancers approach to work, their mindset, which is characterized by improvisation and iteration, rather than pre-planned project goals. We argue that this approach imprint the working environment as the culture emerges through their way ofthinking, acting and relating. This study presents a systematic framework that will provide the basis for long-term strategic interventions between artists and businesses in order to enable cultural transformation towards radical innovation.
Examining expertise using interviews and verbal protocols

To understand expertise and expertise development, interactions between knowledge, cognitive processing and task characteristics must be examined in people at different levels of training, experience, and performance. Interviewing is widely used in the initial exploration of domain expertise. Work and cognitive task analysis chart the knowledge, skills, and strategies experts employ to perform effectively in representative tasks. Interviewing may also shed light on the learning processes involved in acquiring and maintaining expertise and the way experts deal with critical incidents. Interviews may focus on specific tasks, events, scenarios, and examples, but they do not directly tap the representations involved in task performance. Methods that collect verbal protocols during and immediately after task performance better probe the ongoing processes in representing problems and accomplishing tasks. This article provides practical guidelines and examples to help researchers to prepare, conduct, analyse, and report expertise studies using interviews and verbal protocols that are derived from thinking aloud, dialogues or group discussions, free recall, explanation, and retrospective reports. In a multi-method approach, these methods and other techniques need to be combined to fully grasp the nature of expertise. This article shows how the cognitive processes in data collection constrain data quality and highlights how research questions guide the development of coding schemes that enable meaningful interpretation of the rich data obtained. It focuses on professional expertise and provides examples from medicine including visual tasks. This comprehensive review of qualitative research methods aims to contribute to the advancement of expertise.
The X-Efficiency of Commercial Banks in Hong Kong

This paper uses the stochastic econometric cost frontier approach to investigate the cost efficiency of commercial banks in Hong Kong. On average, the X-efficiency of Hong Kong banks is found to be about 16 to 30 percent of observed total costs, which is comparable to the findings in the U.S. banking industry. X-efficiency is found to decline over time, indicating that banks in Hong Kong are now operating closer to the cost frontier than before. This is consistent with technological innovation that might have occurred in the Hong Kong banking industry. Furthermore, the average large bank in Hong Kong is found to be less efficient than the average small bank, particularly during the earlier time periods. Finally, X-efficiency is found to be related to certain bank characteristics. Specifically, X-efficiency is found to decline with bank size, deposit-to-asset ratio, loan-to-asset ratios, provision for loan loss, and loan growth, and to increase with off-balance sheet activities.
Changes in whole-grain, bran, and cereal fiber consumption in relation to 8-y weight gain among men.

BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies that directly examine changes in whole-grain consumption in relation to weight gain are sparse, and characterization of this association has been obscured by methodologic inconsistencies in the assessment of whole grains. OBJECTIVE We aimed to ascertain the associations between changes in new quantitative estimates of whole-grain intake and 8-y weight gain among US men. DESIGN The study was conducted in a prospective cohort of 27 082 men aged 40-75 y at baseline in 1986. Data on lifestyle factors were obtained periodically by using self-reported questionnaires, and participants measured and reported their body weight in 1986 and 1994. RESULTS In multivariate analyses, an increase in whole-grain intake was inversely associated with long-term weight gain (P for trend < 0.0001). A dose-response relation was observed, and for every 40-g/d increment in whole-grain intake from all foods, weight gain was reduced by 0.49 kg. Bran that was added to the diet or obtained from fortified-grain foods further reduced the risk of weight gain (P for trend = 0.01), and, for every 20 g/d increase in intake, weight gain was reduced by 0.36 kg. Changes in cereal and fruit fiber were inversely related to weight gain. No associations were observed between changes in refined-grain or added germ consumption and body weight. CONCLUSIONS The increased consumption of whole grains was inversely related to weight gain, and the associations persisted after changes in added bran or fiber intakes were accounted for. This suggests that additional components in whole grains may contribute to favorable metabolic alterations that may reduce long-term weight gain.
Artificial Sweeteners and Weight Gain: Fighting or Feeding the Obesity Epidemic?

Introduction In a society plagued by obesity, diabetes and overeating, we search for ways to counteract these negative effects. Early research into these problems led to the assumption that the major cause of these maladies was over consumption of sugar. The food industry was taken by storm with the introduction of non-caloric artificial sweeteners (AS) such as saccharin, sucralose, and aspartame, which are widely used to replace sugar in the average western diet. However, are these sweeteners fighting or feeding the problems they were intended to combat?
Molecular markers in lung cancer: role of EBUS

Purpose of review As demonstrated by the recent therapeutic advances in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a personalized approach can considerably reduce its mortality. Recent findings Molecular tests identifying genetic mutations in NSCLC have led to a shift towards more effective and personalized therapies targeted to these alterations. Adequate tissue is required for diagnosing, subcharacterizing, and genotyping NSCLC by morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular techniques. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)- or transesophageal ultrasound (EUS)-guided needle aspiration and radial-probe EBUS-guided methods have proved to be reliable in diagnosis and/or staging of the disease. Small specimens obtained by these methods are sufficient for molecular analysis if a rational and multidisciplinary approach to specimen acquisition and processing is exercised. Coordination between the bronchoscopist and cytopathologist in managing specimens is critical for optimal use of obtained tissue. If available, rapid on-site evaluation can be beneficial in assessing quality and quantity of the specimen, and allocating for cell block, immunohistochemistry, and molecular studies. Summary The rationale for histologic and molecular testing of lung cancer specimens should be well understood by bronchoscopists so that specimens obtained by EBUS- or EUS-guided methods are managed in an optimal fashion that will provide cytologic specimens sufficient to guide targeted therapy.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Effects and moderators of exercise on quality of life and physical function in patients with cancer

This individual patient data meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise on quality of life (QoL) and physical function (PF) in patients with cancer, and to identify moderator effects of demographic (age, sex, marital status, education), clinical (body mass index, cancer type, presence of metastasis), intervention-related (intervention timing, delivery mode and duration, and type of control group), and exercise-related (exercise frequency, intensity, type, time) characteristics. Relevant published and unpublished studies were identiﬁed in September 2012 via PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL, reference checking and personal communications. Principle investigators of all 69 eligible trials were requested to share IPD from their study. IPD from 34 randomised controlled trials ( n = 4519 patients) that evaluated the effects of exercise compared to a usual care, wait-list or attention control group on QoL and PF in adult patients with cancer were retrieved and pooled. Linear mixed-effect models were used to evaluate the effects of the exercise on post-intervention outcome values ( z -score) adjusting for baseline values. Moderator effects were studies by testing interactions. Exercise signiﬁcantly improved QoL ( b = 0.15, 95%CI = 0.10;0.20) and PF ( b = 0.18, 95%CI = 0.13;0.23). The effects were not moderated by demographic, clinical or exercise characteristics. Effects on QoL ( b difference_in_effect = 0.13, 95%CI = 0.03;0.22) and PF ( b difference_in_effect = 0.10, 95%CI = 0.01;0.20) were signif- icantly larger for supervised than unsupervised interventions. In conclusion, exercise, and particularly supervised exercise, effectively improves QoL and PF in patients with cancer with different demographic and clinical characteristics during and following treatment. Although effect sizes are small, there is consistent empirical evidence to support implementation of exercise as part of cancer care.
Sparse Unorganized Point Cloud Based Relative Pose Estimation for Uncooperative Space Target

This paper proposes an autonomous algorithm to determine the relative pose between the chaser spacecraft and the uncooperative space target, which is essential in advanced space applications, e.g., on-orbit serving missions. The proposed method, named Congruent Tetrahedron Align (CTA) algorithm, uses the very sparse unorganized 3D point cloud acquired by a LIDAR sensor, and does not require any prior pose information. The core of the method is to determine the relative pose by looking for the congruent tetrahedron in scanning point cloud and model point cloud on the basis of its known model. The two-level index hash table is built for speeding up the search speed. In addition, the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm is used for pose tracking after CTA. In order to evaluate the method in arbitrary initial attitude, a simulated system is presented. Specifically, the performance of the proposed method to provide the initial pose needed for the tracking algorithm is demonstrated, as well as their robustness against noise. Finally, a field experiment is conducted and the results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Survival of the Fittest: Data Dissemination with Selective Negotiation in Wireless Sensor Networks

Data dissemination is a building block of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In order to guarantee the reliability, many existing works rely on a negotiation scheme, making senders and receivers negotiate the schedule of transmissions through a three-way handshake procedure. According to our observation, however, negotiation incurs long dissemination time and seriously defers the network wide convergence. On the other hand, the flooding approach, which is conventionally considered to be inefficient and energy-consuming, may facilitate data dissemination if appropriately designed. This motivates us to pursue a delicate tradeoff between negotiation and flooding in the data dissemination process. In this paper, we propose SurF (Survival of the Fittest), a data dissemination protocol which selectively adopts negotiation and leverages flooding opportunistically. How to capture and utilize the opportunities when negotiation should be used is a challenging issue. SurF incorporates a time-reliability model to estimate the time efficiencies of the two schemes (flooding vs. negotiation) and dynamically selects the fittest one to facilitate the dissemination process. We implement SurF based on TinyOS 2.1. 1 and evaluate its performance with 40 TelosB nodes. The results show that SurF, while retaining the dissemination reliability, reduces the dissemination time by 40% in average, compared with the state-of-the-art protocols.
Plasma lycopene, other carotenoids, and retinol and the risk of cardiovascular disease in men.

BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests a possible role of lycopene in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). OBJECTIVE We examined whether plasma lycopene concentrations in the Physicians' Health Study were associated with CVD in a prospective, nested, case-control design. DESIGN Baseline blood samples were collected starting in 1996. During a mean follow-up of 2.1 y, we identified 499 cases of CVD (confirmed myocardial infarction, stroke, CVD death, or revascularization procedures) and an equal number of men free of CVD and matched for age (x: 69.7 y), follow-up time, and smoking status. We collected self-reported coronary disease risk factors and measured plasma carotenoids, retinol, lipids, and C-reactive protein. RESULTS In matched analyses with additional adjustment for plasma total cholesterol and randomized treatment, the relative risks (RRs) of CVD for men in the lowest to highest quartiles of plasma lycopene were 1.00 (reference), 0.92, 1.04, and 0.95 (P for linear trend = 0.93). With multivariate adjustment, the RRs of total CVD were 1.00 (reference), 1.08, 0.94, and 1.03 (P for linear trend = 0.98). For important vascular events (241 cases), excluding revascularization procedures, the multivariate RRs remained nonsignificant (P for linear trend = 0.50). Adding plasma carotenoids, lipids, or C-reactive protein to multivariate models had a minimal effect on the RRs of total CVD for plasma lycopene. Compared with lycopene, higher concentrations of plasma lutein/zeaxanthin and retinol suggested a moderate increase in CVD risk, whereas no association was found for beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene. CONCLUSIONS Higher plasma lycopene concentrations were not associated with the risk of CVD in this study of older men. Further evaluation in diverse populations is necessary.
ADAPTIVE DIVERGENCE BETWEEN FRESHWATER AND MARINE STICKLEBACKS: INSIGHTS INTO THE ROLE OF PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY FROM AN INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATE GENE EXPRESSION

Debate surrounding the integration of phenotypic plasticity within the neo‐Darwinian paradigm has recently intensified, but is largely dominated by conceptual abstractions. Advances in our capacities to identify candidate genes, and quantify their levels of expression, now facilitate the study of natural variation in inherently plastic traits, and may lead to a more concrete understanding of plasticity's role in adaptive evolution. We present data from parapatric threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) demes inhabiting geologically recent, freshwater and saltwater zones of a large estuary. Reaction norms for survival confirm adaptation to local salinity conditions. Analysis of osmoregulatory candidate gene expression within an ecological quantitative genetics framework suggests putative mechanisms underlying adaptive variation, and provides insights into the role of ancestral trait plasticity in this divergence. A sodium–potassium ATPase (ATP1A1) is identified as a candidate gene for freshwater adaptation. In addition to heritable variation for gene expression, we infer significant correlation between measures of expression and individual fitness. Overall results indicate a loss of plasticity in the freshwater deme. We discuss how this is consistent with adaptation facilitated by ancestral plasticity as a heuristic example that may prove useful for future, explicit tests of the genetic assimilation hypothesis.