Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overcoming Limited Supervision in Relation Extraction: A Pattern-enhanced Distributional Representation Approach

Extracting relations from text corpora is an important task in text mining. It becomes particularly challenging when focusing on weakly-supervised relation extraction, that is, utilizing a few relation instances (i.e., a pair of entities and their relation) as seeds to extract more instances from corpora. Existing distributional approaches leverage the corpus-level co-occurrence statistics of entities to predict their relations, and require large number of labeled instances to learn effective relation classifiers. Alternatively, pattern-based approaches perform bootstrapping or apply neural networks to model the local contexts, but still rely on large number of labeled instances to build reliable models. In this paper, we study integrating the distributional and pattern-based methods in a weakly-supervised setting, such that the two types of methods can provide complementary supervision for each other to build an effective, unified model. We propose a novel co-training framework with a distributional module and a pattern module. During training, the distributional module helps the pattern module discriminate between the informative patterns and other patterns, and the pattern module generates some highly-confident instances to improve the distributional module. The whole framework can be effectively optimized by iterating between improving the pattern module and updating the distributional module. We conduct experiments on two tasks: knowledge base completion with text corpora and corpus-level relation extraction. Experimental results prove the effectiveness of our framework in the weakly-supervised setting.
Moment Explosions and Asymptotic Behavior of the Stock Price Distribution in Heston Model

We study the asymptotic behavior of the cumulative distribution an arbitrary combination of the CIR process and its time average and the stock price in Heston model. We find an asymptotic formulas for the cumulative distributions of these distributions and obtain a sharp asymptotic formulas for the implied volatility in the Heston model.
Beam profile measurements

The physics and practical performance limits of various types of profile monitors are described. These devices essentially all detect the products of electromagnetic interactions of the particle beam with solid, gaseous or even liquid targets. These mechanisms can be more or less destructive to the beam. Low emittance and high luminosity beams have prompted improvements in resolution to 30 microns and below.
Toward an evidence-based taxonomy of everyday sounds

An organizing account of everyday sounds could greatly simplify the management of audio data. The job of an audio database manager will typically involve assigning a combination of textual descriptors to audio data, and perhaps allocation to a predefined category. Retrieval is likely achieved by matching the descriptor to keyword search terms or by browsing through categories. While classification of musical instruments using this type of approach is relatively simple by virtue of the fact that a predefined taxonomy can follow a signal-related hierarchy, non-musical sounds do not necessarily follow such a hierarchy. In addition, classification is made more problematic by the ambiguity of words used to describe everyday sounds. Another area in which the issue of establishing a taxonomy of everyday sounds is particularly pertinent is that of soundscape research; research into soundscapes—acoustic environments as they are perceived—is a relatively new and multidisciplinary area, and as such descriptive terms.
Speckle statistics in adaptive optics images at visible wavelengths

Abstract. Residual speckles in adaptive optics (AO) images represent a well-known limitation on the achievement of the contrast needed for faint source detection. Speckles in AO imagery can be the result of either residual atmospheric aberrations, not corrected by the AO, or slowly evolving aberrations induced by the optical system. We take advantage of the high temporal cadence (1 ms) of the data acquired by the System for Coronagraphy with High-order Adaptive Optics from R to K bands-VIS forerunner experiment at the Large Binocular Telescope to characterize the AO residual speckles at visible wavelengths. An accurate knowledge of the speckle pattern and its dynamics is of paramount importance for the application of methods aimed at their mitigation. By means of both an automatic identification software and information theory, we study the main statistical properties of AO residuals and their dynamics. We therefore provide a speckle characterization that can be incorporated into numerical simulations to increase their realism and to optimize the performances of both real-time and postprocessing techniques aimed at the reduction of the speckle noise.
Wideband CP magnetoelectric dipole antenna with microstrip line aperture‐coupled excitation

A novel wideband circularly polarised (CP) magnetoelectric dipole antenna, which is excited by microstrip line aperture-coupled feeding structure, is proposed and investigated. The wide impedance bandwidth and broadband CP characteristic are achieved based on the simple feeding structure. An antenna prototype is fabricated and exemplified to validate the proposed concept. Measured results show that the proposed antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 65% for voltage standing wave ratio <2 from 2.97 to 5.85 GHz, the broadside maximum gain is up to 10.2 dBi. Moreover, the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth is about 75%, ranging from 2.7 to 5.8 GHz. Stable and symmetric unidirectional radiation patterns with low backward radiations are obtained over the operating band.
An Adaptive Timeline Determination of Survival Trials

ABSTRACT Adaptive design of survival trials often faces a dilemma. If the target is to use all the event information in the final analysis, there is a limitation on the interim information that may be used for the adaptations. If one wants to use all the interim information for a better stage 2 design, some event information may need to be discarded in the final analysis to properly control Type I error. This article proposes an adaptive design method to bridge this gap. This method allows the use of all the interim information for stage 2 design and the use of all the event information in the final analysis. We prove that a sufficient condition for proper Type I error control for this method is that the final analysis time, potentially depending on all the interim data, converges to some fixed point. We illustrate that such condition is valid in many applications. Because the proposed method uses all the event information, it is more powerful than the existing methods that sacrifice some event information to control the error rate. Simulation study shows our method performs satisfactorily.
An E‐HOIM Based Data‐Driven Adaptive TILC of Nonlinear Discrete‐Time Systems for Non‐Repetitive Terminal Point Tracking

This work proposes a new adaptive terminal iterative learning control approach based on the extended concept of high‐order internal model, or E‐HOIM‐ATILC, for a nonlinear non‐affine discrete‐time system. The objective is to make the system state or output at the endpoint of each operation track a desired target value. The target value varies from one iteration to another. Before proceeding to the data‐driven design of the proposed approach, an iterative dynamical linearization is performed for the unknown nonlinear systems by using the gradient of the nonlinear system with regard to the control input as the iteration‐and‐time‐varying parameter vector of the equivalent linear I/O data model. By virtue of the basic idea of the internal model, the inverse of the parameter vector is approximated by a high‐order internal model. The proposed E‐HOIM‐ATILC does not use measurements of any intermediate points except for the control input and terminal output at the endpoint. Moreover, it is data‐driven and needs merely the terminal I/O measurements. By incorporating additional control knowledge from the known portion of the high order internal model into the learning control law, the control performance of the proposed E‐HOIM‐ATILC is improved. The convergence is shown by rigorous mathematical proof. Simulations through both a batch reactor and a coupled tank system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Dynamic modeling and nonlinear tracking control of a novel modified quadrotor

In this article, a nonlinear tracking controller is designed based on Lyapunov stability for a novel aerial robot. The proposed 6‐rotor configuration improves stability and payload lifting capacity of the robot compared with conventional quadrotors while avoiding further complexities in the robot dynamics and steering principles. The dynamical model of the robot is derived using Newton‐Euler method. The model represents a nonlinear, coupled, and underactuated system. The proposed control strategy includes 2 main parts: an attitude controller and a position controller. Both the attitude and position controls are Lyapunov‐based nonlinear tracking controllers that guarantee the asymptotic convergence of the states' tracking errors to zero. Simulation results are presented to illustrate appropriate performance of the closed‐loop system in terms of position/attitude tracking even in the presence of wind disturbance.
Grooving Phenomenon Analysis of Series-Connected Augmented Sextupole Rails Material

Because the electromagnetic railgun’s main current can reach several MA and the muzzle velocity is more than 2 km/s, launching in this harsh environment in barrel will cause grooving to the rail. Using existing experimental data of references, this paper analyses the position and depth analysis of the grooving phenomenon. So this paper design series connected augmented sextupole rails electromagnetic launcher to obtain high inductance gradient. High inductance gradient plays an important role in a novel electromagnetic launcher. Since inductance gradient is the decisive factor to super high speed and reduce high current, this study focuses on the design of launch model and inductance gradient distribution in moving area of double projectile. In this study we will simulate three typical series augmented sextupole rails connection mode, with finite element method and compare them. The theoretical analysis and numerical simulations indicate that the inductance gradient performance of the A configuration is better than other configurations. Therefore, this configuration could reduce the grooving phenomenon of sextupole rails. Keywords-large pulse current; grooving phenomenon, series-connected augmented sextupole rails electromagnetic launcher; inductance gradient
ENDOS001 215__225

As in previous years, developments in the field of ulcers and gastritis have been dominated by new findings related to Helicobacter pylori. With the decrease in the frequency of H. pylori infection, the relative proportion of non-H. pylori ulcers has increased. Attempts to reduce the endoscopy workload by H. pylori or CagA screening have not been successful, and are probably ill-advised. It has become increasingly clear that curing H. pylori infection will not automatically lead to complete relief of symptoms in patients with duodenal ulcer disease. Post-therapy confirmation of cure will probably become the norm. Studies comparing omeprazole to misoprostol or ranitidine for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ulcer prevention in true NSAID ulcers have shown that omeprazole is equal to full-dose misoprostol for ulcer healing and to the lowest useful dose of misoprostol for ulcer prevention. H2-receptor antagonists cannot be recommended for NSAID ulcer healing or prevention. Elimination of H. pylori increases the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in a population in such a way that superficially, there appears to be a choice between more gastroesophageal reflux disease or multifocal atrophic gastritis. The risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction is many times (10-fold to 60-fold) less than the risk of developing gastric cancer from CagA-positive H. pylori infection with multifocal atrophic gastritis – the “protective” lesion.
Characteristics of the leading Lyapunov vector in a turbulent channel flow

The values of the highest Lyapunov exponent (HLE) $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{1}$ for turbulent flow in a plane channel at Reynolds numbers up to $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=586$ are determined. The instantaneous and statistical properties of the corresponding leading Lyapunov vector (LLV) are investigated. The LLV is calculated by numerical solution of the Navier–Stokes equations linearized about the non-stationary base solution corresponding to the developed turbulent flow. The base turbulent flow is calculated in parallel with the calculation of the evolution of the perturbations. For arbitrary initial conditions, the regime of exponential growth ${\sim}\exp (\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{1}t)$ which corresponds to the approaching of the perturbation to the LLV is achieved already at $t^{+}<50$ . It is found that the HLE increases with increasing Reynolds number from $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{1}^{+}\approx 0.021$ at $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=180$ to $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{1}^{+}\approx 0.026$ at $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=586$ . The LLV structures are concentrated mainly in a region of the buffer layer and are manifested in the form of spots of increased fluctuation intensity localized both in time and space. The root-mean-square (r.m.s.) profiles of the velocity and vorticity intensities in the LLV are qualitatively close to the corresponding profiles in the base flow with artificially removed near-wall streaks. The difference is the larger concentration of LLV perturbations in the vicinity of the buffer layer and a relatively larger (by approximately 80 %) amplitude of the vorticity pulsations. Based on the energy spectra of velocity and vorticity pulsations, the integral spatial scales of the LLV structures are determined. It is found that LLV structures are on average twice narrower and twice shorter than the corresponding structures of the base flow. The contribution of each of the terms entering into the expression for the production of the perturbation kinetic energy is determined. It is shown that the process of perturbation development is essentially dictated by the inhomogeneity of the base flow, as well as by the presence of transversal motion in it. Neglecting of these factors leads to a significant underestimation of the perturbation growth rate. The presence of near-wall streaks in the base flow, on the contrary, does not play a significant role in the development of the LLV perturbations. Artificial removal of streaks from the base flow does not change the character of the perturbation growth.
Highly dynamic X-ray image enhancement based on generative adversarial network

When using X-ray to detect industrial workpieces, the images obtained frequently have low contrast, making it difficult to detect defects. This paper proposes a GAN-based X-ray image enhancement network to address this issue. In detail, the X-ray image is concatenated with its antiphase image (as an exposure mask) as the input image, and a trainable Sobel operator is used to extract the edge features of the input image. The input image and edge features are then concatenated and fed into the U-Net generator to be enhanced. The spatial and channel attention models are used to adjust feature weights in U-Net, and a detail extraction network is designed to extract detail features from the input X-ray image. Furthermore, the extracted detail features are fused with the image by the generator after contrast stretching to produce the final enhanced image. Finally, a global-local discriminator is used to discriminate the authenticity of the image so that the contrast of the final obtained image is improved and the details are highlighted. Following experimental validation, the method proposed in this paper has a significant enhancement effect on industrial X-ray images and performs well in terms of enhancing image contrast and highlighting image details.
Automated Parcel Loading-Unloading Mechanism Design for Delivery UAV

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle or UAV has evolved rapidly because of improved regulations and advancement in technology. During the COVID-19 pandemic, delivery UAVs were utilized more often than ever to deliver medical supplies, as well as parcels. Delivery UAVs work by collecting the goods and keeping it in a designated holder, which it then navigates through an area and dropping it off at the receiving point. The main factors that are considered for the design of a delivery UAV mechanism includes size and weight of parcels, security and the efficiency of loading and unloading parcels. The drop-box mechanism takes in the factors contributing to existing delivery UAV mechanisms and provides a solution that can overcome most of these concerns. The mechanism was designed through SOLIDWORKS software and 3D-printed. With the help of SOLIDWORKS, an analysis was performed, and it was concluded that the mechanism could handle a maximum of 2kg. Aside from that, the mechanism drops off parcels automatically and encourages contactless delivery.
Study on the performance characteristics and failure analysis of exhaust valves

Exhaust valves are a type of valve that can commonly be found in the top section of the cylinder block in an engine. When failures occur on the exhaust valve, the engine has a high possibility to result engine failure or breakdown. This will affect the user where the user requires to spend a huge amount on repairing costs or engine replacement. Thus, this research aims to investigate the effect of the exhaust valve’s material on its performance and identify the appropriate material which could increase its fatigue life in a four-stroke internal combustion diesel engine. A three-dimension (3D) Computer-aided design model of the exhaust valve was generated by using SOLIDWORKS and undergo static structural analysis as well as thermal analysis. The measure variables are von-mises stress, total deformation, temperature, total heat flux and directional heat flux by using ANSYS Finite Element Analysis. Stainless steel 304 alloy and Aluminium-Silicon Carbide (Al-Sic) materials are the manipulated variable that was applied to the 3D CAD model exhaust valve to undergo all the analyses. Before performing all the analyses, the appropriate mesh method and mesh sizing was identified by referring to the mesh metrics spectrum and performing a mesh independence test. The results from the analysis were collected and tabulated for comparison and discussion purposes. From the analysis, the maximal thermal stress was determined in the valve stem region. By appointing Stainless Steel 304 alloy on the exhaust valve, the durability and the fatigue life are improved as the material can achieve a smaller value of temperature distribution, total heat flux, total deformation, and higher von-mises stress. This research provided a better understanding of the effect of an exhaust valve material on its performance characteristic.
DigitalCommons@UNO DigitalCommons@UNO

Background: Parents and childcare providers play a substantial role in the development of health behaviours among the children they care for. In order to ensure the optimal growth and development of children, communication and family engagement in childcare is critical. Previous studies examining parent or provider perceptions about healthy eating or physical activity have explored these concepts individually and/or have only included only parents or providers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare childcare provider and parent perceptions of communication regarding healthy eating and physical activity as well as use of best practice strategies on family engagement for these topics. Methods : Childcare providers (n=12) in childcare centres or a family childcare home and a parent (n=12) of a child they provide care for participated in a semi-structured interview guided by the Social Ecological Model. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and uploaded to NVivo for data analysis. Data were analysed using a directed content analysis. Three trained qualitative researchers developed a code-book and then compared responses between parents and providers. Results : Similarities in provider and parent responses included agreement on healthy eating; influences on child development; parents being the most influential on children's healthy eating; how they identified physical activity opportunities; and the use of family engagement principles. Differences that arose included parents' roles in promoting
Solar cooking in Senegal: an application of best-worst scaling

v Samenvatting . ix Table of contents . xiii List of tables . xv List of figures . xvii List of source abbreviations . xix 1. State of the art . 1 1.1. Fuel scarcity and issues . 1 1.2. Solution . 2 1.3. Household energy adoption analyses and theories . 2 1.4. Conceptual framework . 5 1.5. Motivation adapted framework . 7 1.6. Positioning of the framework. 9 1.7. Case Study . 11 1.7. 1. Case study solar cooking . 11 1.7. 2. Case Study Sol Suffit – Solar Cooking Project in Senegal . 12 2. Methodology . 17 2.1. Examining tradeoff behavior . 17 2.2. Best-Worst Scaling . 19 2.3. Questionnaire development . 21 2.3. 1. BWS Design . 21 2.3. 1.1. Attributes . 22 2.3. 1.2 Attribute levels . 22 2.3. 1.3. Design specification . 24 2.3. 1.4. Final questionnaire design . 24 2.3. 2. Socio-demographic and Open Questions . 25 2.3. 2.1. Socio-economic data: closed questions . 26 2.3. 2.2. Specific group characteristics: semi-structured questions . 27 2.4. Data collection . 28
Detailed Statistical Inference—An Alternative Non-Bayesian Approach : Two-Decision Problem

In this paper we propose a new approach to detailed inference for any two-decision problem under the frequentist framework, based on a somewhat different interpretation of the confidence coefficients in terms of betting odds. We first elaborate this interpretation with reference to summary inference and enlarge the interpretation to the needs of detailed inference. The actual application of the proposed technique requires the choice of some suitable utility functions. We illustrate our ideas through some examples. AMS Subject Classification: 62 A 99.
Coulomb scattering rates of excited states in monolayer electron-doped germanene

The excited conduction electrons, conduction holes and valence holes in monolayer germanene exhibit the feature-rich Coulomb decay rates. The dexcitation processes are studied using the Matsubara's screened exchange energy. They might utilize the intraband single-particle excitations (SPEs), the interband SPEs, and three kinds of plasmon modes, depending on the quasiparticle states and the Fermi energies. The low-lying valence holes can decay by the undamped acoustic plasmon, so that they present very fast Coulomb deexcitations, the non-monotonous energy dependence and the anisotropic behavior. However, the low-energy conduction holes and electrons behave as 2D electron gas. The high-energy conduction states and the deep-energy valence ones are similar in the available deexcitation channels and the dependence of decay rate on wave vector k.
Triad3A involved in the regulation of endotoxin tolerance and mycobactericidal activity through the NFκB‐nitric oxide pathway

Sepsis is characterized by an endotoxin tolerance phenotype that occurs in the stage of infection. Persistent bacterial infection can lead to immune cell exhaustion. Triad3A, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, negatively regulates its activation by TLR4. However, the effect of Triad3A on endotoxin tolerance and bactericidal ability in the state of endotoxin tolerance remains unclear.