Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time course analysis of the effects of distractor frequency and categorical relatedness in picture naming: An evaluation of the response exclusion account

The response exclusion account (REA), advanced by Mahon and colleagues, localises the distractor frequency effect and the semantic interference effect in picture naming at the level of the response output buffer. We derive four predictions from the REA: (1) the size of the distractor frequency effect should be identical to the frequency effect obtained when distractor words are read aloud, (2) the distractor frequency effect should not change in size when stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) is manipulated, (3) the interference effect induced by a distractor word (as measured from a nonword control distractor) should increase in size with increasing SOA, and (4) the word frequency effect and the semantic interference effect should be additive. The results of the picture-naming task in Experiment 1 and the word-reading task in Experiment 2 refute all four predictions. We discuss a tentative account of the findings obtained within a traditional selection-by-competition model in which both context effects are localised at the level of lexical selection.
Neurobiological Bases of Reading Comprehension: Insights From Neuroimaging Studies of Word-Level and Text-Level Processing in Skilled and Impaired Readers

For accurate reading comprehension, readers must first learn to map letters to their corresponding speech sounds and meaning, and then they must string the meanings of many words together to form a representation of the text. Furthermore, readers must master the complexities involved in parsing the relevant syntactic and pragmatic information necessary for accurate interpretation. Failure in this process can occur at multiple levels, and cognitive neuroscience has been helpful in identifying the underlying causes of success and failure in reading single words and in reading comprehension. In general, neurobiological studies of skilled reading comprehension indicate a highly overlapping language circuit for single-word reading, reading comprehension, and listening comprehension, with largely quantitative differences in a number of reading- and language-related areas. This article reviews relevant research from studies that have used neuroimaging techniques to study reading with a focus on the relationship between reading skill, single-word reading, and text comprehension.
No audible wheezing : nuggets and conundrums from mouse asthma models

Mouse models of T helper type 2 (Th2) cell–biased pulmonary inflammation have elucidated mechanisms of sensitization, cell traffic, and induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Nonetheless, most mice lack intrinsic AHR, a central property of human asthma, and disparities persist regarding the contributions of eosinophils and mast cells and the sensitivity to induced AHR in the commonly used mouse strains. We suggest that these discordances, reflecting methodological and genetic differences, may be informative for understanding heterogeneity of human asthma.
Regulation of the angiotensin II-p22phox-reactive oxygen species signaling pathway, apoptosis and 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase 1 retrieval in hyperoxia-induced lung injury and fibrosis in rats

The present study was designed to explore the impact of hyperoxia on lung injury and fibrosis via the angiotensin II (AngII)-p22phox-reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway, apoptosis and 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) repair enzyme. Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided in the newborn air group, newborn hyperoxia group and newborn intervention group, the latter of which was administered the chymotrypsin inhibitor, 2-(5-formylamino-6-oxo-2-phenyl-1, 6-dihydropyrimidine-1-yl)-N-[4-dioxo-1-phenyl-7-(2-pyridyloxy)] 2-heptyl-acetamide (NK3201). A group of adult rats also received hyperoxic treatment. Histomorphological changes in lung tissues were dynamically observed. AngII, ROS, angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) and p22phox messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, and OGG1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) protein levels in the lung tissues were detected at various times after hyperoxia. Hyperoxia led to traumatic changes in the lungs of newborn rats that resulted in decreased viability, increased mortality, morphological changes and the apoptosis of alveolar type II epithelial cells (AT-II), as well as increased expression levels of AngII, AT1R and p22phox, which would ultimately lead to secondary diseases. NK3201 significantly inhibited the hyperoxia-induced increased expression of AngII, AT1R and p22phox and further promoted OGG1 and PPARγ protein expression, thus reducing the intrapulmonary ROS level, the apoptotic index and caspase-3 levels. However, the adult hyperoxia group only exhibited tachypnea and reduced viability. This study suggested that the AngII-p22phox-ROS signaling pathway, PPARγ and OGG1 together contributed to the hyperoxia-induced lung injury and that NK3201 was able to reverse the effects of hyperoxia.
The Muted Consequences of Correct Information about Immigration

Previous research shows that people commonly exaggerate the size of minority populations. Theories of intergroup threat predict that the larger people perceive minority groups to be, the less favorably they feel toward them. We investigate whether correcting Americans’ misperceptions about one such population—immigrants—affects related attitudes. We confirm that non-Hispanic Americans overestimate the percentage of the population that is foreign-born or in the United States without authorization. However, in seven separate survey experiments over 11 years, we find that providing accurate information does little to affect attitudes toward immigration, even though it does reduce the perceived size of the foreign-born population. This is true even when people’s misperceptions are explicitly corrected. These results call into question a potential cognitive mechanism that could underpin intergroup threat theory. Misperceptions about the size of minority groups may be a consequence, rather than a cause, of attitudes toward those groups.
Entomopathogenic fungi as biological controllers: New insights into their virulence and pathogenicity

Entomopathogenic fungi vary considerably in their mode of action and virulence. Successful infection depends primarily on the adherence and penetration ability of a fungus to the host integuments. A variety of extracellular enzymes is produced during the degradation of insect integument. The attempts to control insects have changed over time from chemicals to natural control methods. This is why the development of natural methods of insect control or biopesticides, is preferred. By the use of fungal entomopathogens, insect pests can be controlled. There is no doubt that insects have been used for many years, but their effective use in the field remains elusive. However, their additional role in nature has also been discovered. Comparison of entomopathogens with conventional chemical pesticides depends on their efficiency and cost. In addition to efficiency, there are advantages in using microbial control agents, such as human safety and other non-target organisms; pesticide residues are minimized in food and biodiversity increased in managed ecosystems. In the present review the pathogenicity and virulence of entomopathogenic fungi and their role as biological control agents using biotechnology will be discussed.
Automated Tiered Storage System Consisting of Memory and Flash Storage to Improve Response Time with Input-Output (IO) Concentration Workloads

The response time of solid state drives (SSDs) has dramatically reduced according to the spread of non-volatile memory express (NVMe) devices. These devices have response times of less than 100 micro seconds on average. The response time of all-flash-array systems has also drastically reduced through the use of NVMe SSDs. However, there are applications, particularly, virtual desktop infrastructure and in-memory database systems, that require storage systems with even shorter response time. Their workloads were found to contain many input-output (IO) concentrations. We define IO concentration by using a declarative style. Input-output (IO) concentrations are aggregations of IO accesses. They appear in narrow regions of the storage volume and continue for periods of up to about an hour. These narrow regions occupy a few percent of the logical unit number capacity, include most IO accesses, and appear at unpredictable logical block addresses. To drastically reduce the response time of these workloads, we developed automated tiered storage system called "automated tiered storage with fast memory and slow flash storage" (ATSMF). The memory component of ATSMF is a memory with a non-volatile feature. The system predicts the remaining duration of IO concentration, calculates the response-time increase during migration and response-time decrease after migration, and migrates the IO concentrations if the response-time decrease after migration surpasses the response-time increase during migration. Experimental results indicate that ATSMF is at least 20% faster than flash storage only and its memory access ratio is more than 50%.
Configurable Fast Cycle-Approximate Timing Estimation for Instruction-Level Emulators

Timing estimation, a significant process in microprocessor design, should be performed promptly and accurately by the simulators to exploit the enormous design space of processors. The challenging task is how to integrate the timing data generated by the timing models of various processor components of a functional simulator, such as pipeline, branch predictor, and cache. The timing model of one processor component must interact with the other processor components, the same way processor components interact with each other in real machines for accurate timing estimation and are individually configurable and produce timing data for fast simulation. In this article, we present a configurable, fast, and cycle-approximate timing estimation method, for instruction-level emulators to solve the timing model problem. We extend QEMU, a dynamic binary translation functional emulator, to allow timing models of different processor components to be plugged in, to provide cycle-approximate timing information, while at the same time keep the fast simulation speed by providing a Timing Record Caching technique. In the proposed model, the pipeline timing of each basic block is fixed and independent of others while maintaining the timing accuracy at the same time. We have also provided instrumentation and profiling capability to help the designers to analyze and find design bottlenecks.
RADIOLOGICAL TEMPLATES AND CAD/CAM SURGICAL GUIDES. A literature review

Modern digital technologies are changing significantly the classical approach when planning implant treatment. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) based radiological templates and surgical guides al low the cl inical t ranslat ion of the preoperative implant planning. In this review, literary sources concerning the use of radiological templates and surgical guides are reviewed in the dental implant treatment. On comparable bases, modern digital concepts have been explored in their preparation. The advantages and problems associated with their use have been analyzed.
Inequidistant gearing used to reduce gear noise

Tonal noise is considered annoying. Unlike broadband noise, tonal noise is hard for the human brain to ignore. State-of-the-art gears primarily radiate this annoying tonal noise, which is caused by the regularly positioned teeth along the pitch circle of the gearwheel. In this paper, the inequidistant gearing will be presented. The principle of the regularly positioned (equidistant) teeth will be transgressed. When the positions of the teeth are variable, the gears generate less tonal noise. Therefore, their noise is less annoying. Thus, the radiated sound pressure level and the psychoacoustic loudness can be reduced. A theoretical investigation of the emergence of the gear noise of inequidistant gears will be shown, followed by the design of a set of spur gears with inequidistant gearing.The benefits and challenges of this new design will be discussed. A comparison of the experimental results from the gears with inequidistant and equidistant gearing will be presented and discussed. From this, a reduction of the sound pressure level, the psychoacoustic loudness, and the psychoacoustic annoyance can be achieved.
Performance Evaluation of DVB-T2 Time Interleaving in Mobile Environments

This paper investigates the performance of time interleaving in DVB-T2 in the context of mobile reception. By means of time interleaving it is possible to provide time diversity and improve the robustness of the transmitted information in mobile environments. DVB-T2 implements a highly flexible time interleaving that allows different trade-offs in terms of time diversity, latency and power saving. DVB-T2 also includes the possibility to particularize the transmission parameters on a service basis by means of multiple physical layer pipes. This way, it is possible to accommodate different use cases: fixed, portable and mobile, in the same frequency channel. This paper evaluates the time interleaving capabilities of DVB-T2 by means of physical layer simulations. The paper also proposes and evaluates a configuration that has been optimized for handheld reception.
Ecological Implications of Extreme Events: Footprints of the 2010 Earthquake along the Chilean Coast

Deciphering ecological effects of major catastrophic events such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, storms and fires, requires rapid interdisciplinary efforts often hampered by a lack of pre-event data. Using results of intertidal surveys conducted shortly before and immediately after Chile's 2010 M w 8.8 earthquake along the entire rupture zone (ca. 34–38°S), we provide the first quantification of earthquake and tsunami effects on sandy beach ecosystems. Our study incorporated anthropogenic coastal development as a key design factor. Ecological responses of beach ecosystems were strongly affected by the magnitude of land-level change. Subsidence along the northern rupture segment combined with tsunami-associated disturbance and drowned beaches. In contrast, along the co-seismically uplifted southern rupture, beaches widened and flattened increasing habitat availability. Post-event changes in abundance and distribution of mobile intertidal invertebrates were not uniform, varying with land-level change, tsunami height and coastal development. On beaches where subsidence occurred, intertidal zones and their associated species disappeared. On some beaches, uplift of rocky sub-tidal substrate eliminated low intertidal sand beach habitat for ecologically important species. On others, unexpected interactions of uplift with man-made coastal armouring included restoration of upper and mid-intertidal habitat seaward of armouring followed by rapid colonization of mobile crustaceans typical of these zones formerly excluded by constraints imposed by the armouring structures. Responses of coastal ecosystems to major earthquakes appear to vary strongly with land-level change, the mobility of the biota and shore type. Our results show that interactions of extreme events with human-altered shorelines can produce surprising ecological outcomes, and suggest these complex responses to landscape alteration can leave lasting footprints in coastal ecosystems.
Low-dimensional trapped gases

Recent developments in the physics of ultracold gases provide wide possibilities for reducing the dimensionality of space for magnetically or optically trapped atoms. The goal of these lectures is to show that regimes of quantum degeneracy in two-dimensional (2D) and one-dimensional (1D) trapped gases are drastically different from those in three dimensions and to stimulate an interest in low-dimensional systems. Attention is focused on the new physics appearing in currently studied low-dimensional trapped gases and related to finite-size and finite-temperature effects.
Processing Self-Repairs in an Incremental Type-TheoreticDialogue System ∗

We present a novel incremental approach to modelling self-repair phenomena in dialogue, using the grammar and parsing mechanism of Dynamic Syntax (DS) to construct Type Theory with Records (TTR) record type representations incrementally in both parsing and generation. We demonstrate how a DS-TTR hybrid implementation when integrated into an incremental dialogue system can be exploited to account for the semantic processing of selfrepair phenomena in a unified way and in line with psycholinguistic evidence.
Phenolic changes during in vitro organogenesis of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) shoot tips

Browning and subsequent death of the cultured explants are major problems for many tissue culture non/hard-adaptive species and usually depended on the phenolic compounds and the quantity of total phenols. Many studies, using shoot tips as explant source indicated various problems such as phenolic exudation, media discoloration, rooting deficiencies and explant browning and death. The phenols are synthesized by the plants and in many tissue culture studies, excreted and then oxidized phenols effect in vitro proliferation negatively. In addition, amount of phenolics can be more or less in different stages of organogenesis due to metabolic actions. Therefore determination of phenolics and calculating the amounts of phenols may be another research area for many tissue culture studies. In this study, total phenol amounts of shoot tip cultures were evaluated during in vitro organogenesis of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Cotton var. Nazilli 84S was used as explant source and total phenols of young leaves, shoots and the MS (Murashige and Skoog) media (for excreted phenols from explants to medium) were calculated in 7-14-21 and 28 days of culturing period. Seeds were germinated in hormone free MS media in 7 days. After germination, 7 day old meristematic shoot tips were dissected out from seedlings and cultured on MS media, supplemented with 0.1 mg/L Kinetin (KIN). They were grown at 25 o C under fluorescent light (7500 lx) 16 h light and 8 h dark for 3 weeks. Singleton-Rossi method based Folin-Ciocaelteu reactive was used for determination of total phenol amount of the young plantlets and it was observed that different parts of the plantlets synthesized more or less amounts of phenolics in different stages of organogenesis.
The Virtual Human Interface : A Photorealistic Digital

o mimic the quality of everyday human communication, future computer interfaces must combine the benefits of high visual fidelity with conversational intelligence and—above all—the ability to modulate the emotions of their users. From a computer graphics or visual perspective, achieving this goal requires creating synthetic digital humans that have photorealistic faces capable of expressing the finest shades of emotion. From a perceptual point of view, the same system must also read users' emotional reactions and adapt the behavior of the digital human accordingly. Our research focuses on implementing this concept to create a face-to-face system called the Virtual Human Interface (VHI). Photorealistic virtual humans— in contrast to nonrealistic virtual characters—make a more effective communication interface between computers and humans because they can stimulate declarative and procedural memory in the human brain. Declarative memory is our memory of information and events. Procedural memory, on the other hand, is the memory of how to do something, such as riding a bike. Most computer interfaces primarily access users' declarative memory; the person learns information about a particular topic. The VHI system, however, engages the user through entertaining emotional responses that help engrave knowledge in the user's mind and even modify the user's behavior through procedural memory. During the past several decades, researchers have conducted countless studies on agents and human animation. Early work mainly addressed low-polygon virtual humans that users could animate in real time. 1 Many of these animation systems initially addressed purposes other than the needs of human–computer interaction. However, the requirements of facial ani-mation—and especially speech synthesis—demand a different underlying architecture that can effectively model how real faces move and change. 2-4 As a result, research began to focus on creating autonomous agents that could exhibit rich personalities and interact in virtual worlds inhabited by other characters. To provide the illusion of a lifelike character, researchers have developed detailed emotional and personality models that can control the animation channels as a function of the virtual human's personality, mood, and emotions. 7-9 The real-time interaction with these virtual characters poses an extra set of technical challenges in terms of the speed, computational power, and visual quality required to make the user believe that he or she is interacting with a living creature. To achieve this goal, researchers eventually replaced precrafted animated actions with intelligent behavior modules that could control speech, locomotion, gaze, blinks, gestures (including various postures), and interaction with the …
Food and the autobiographical self in Harry Crews’ A Childhood: The Biography of a Place

ABSTRACT The food memories recounted by Harry Crew in A Childhood: The Biography of a Place situate A Childhood as a memorial reconstruction of a material identity, as an autobiography that treats the body, the senses, and the social world as inextricable from life writing. Looking critically at food memories in A Childhood reveals the densely layered and deeply entrenched role that food plays in the building of Crews’ intersectional and relational identity, an identity tied to race, class, and community. This goes against what was once a common critical trope in autobiographical studies, that the autobiographical narratives of white male writers were essentially concerned with the reassembling of an autonomous self rising above its cultural and social environs. Using anthropological and sociological theories of food, ritual, and memory, this essay argues that the food and foodways embedded within all levels of Crews’ memory offer a clear challenge to traditional modes of reading autobiography and provide insight into the inextricability of food, memory, and the narrated relational self.
The moduli space of branched superminimal surfaces of a fixed degree, genus and conformal structure in the four-sphere

0. Introduction. Minimal immersions from a Riemann surface M into Sn were studied by Calabi ([3]) and Chern ([4]), among many authors. To such an immesion F in S4, they found a holomorphic quartic form QF (to be defined in Section 1) on M . A superminimal immersion is one for which QF = 0, which is always the case when M = S 2. In [2], Bryant studied a superminimal immersion of a higher genus into S4 by lifting it to CP 3, the twistor space of S4. The lift of a superminimal immersion is a holomorphic curve, of the same degree as that of the immersion, which is horizontal with respect to the twistorial fibration; more precisely, it is a holomorphic curve in CP 3 satisfying the differential equation