Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Model Driven Architecture ©2000 Object Management Group Model Driven Architecture Preface: Omg's Accomplishments Infrastructure Standards

It’s about integration. It’s about interoperability. For eleven years, the Object Management Group (OMG) has focused on making sure that you can integrate what you’ve built, with what you’re building, with what you’re going to build. As the pace of technology continues to quicken, and the demands of integrating your existing legacy systems, your new intranet, and your e-business fall on your shoulders, you need an architecture that makes interoperability central to your infrastructure. The bad news is that there will never be a single operating system, single programming language, or single network architecture that replaces all that has passed; the good news is that you can still manage to build systems economically in this environment.
Longitudinal Associations between Self-Rated Health and Performance-Based Physical Function in a Population-Based Cohort of Older Adults

Background Although self-rated health (SRH) and performance-based physical function (PPF) are both strong predictors of mortality, little research has investigated the relationships between them. The objective of this study was to evaluate longitudinal, bi-directional associations between SRH and PPF. Methods We evaluated longitudinal associations between SRH and PPF in 3,610 adults aged 65–89 followed for an average of 4.8 (standard deviation [SD]: 4.4) years between 1994 and July 2011 in the Adult Changes in Thought study, a population-based cohort in the Seattle area. SRH was assessed with a single-item question in the ACT study. Participants were asked at each evaluation to rate their health as “excellent”, “very good”, “good”, “fair”, or “poor” in response to the question “In general, how would you rate your health at this time”. PPF scores (ranging from 0–16, with higher indicating better performance) included walking speed, chair rises, grip strength, and balance. Results At the baseline visit, participants averaged 74.5 (SD: 5.8) years of age and 2,115 (58.6%) were female. In multivariable linear mixed models, PPF declined with age, with more rapid decreases associated with very good, good, and fair (vs. excellent) baseline SRH. Adjusted annual change in PPF was −0.17 points (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.19, −0.15) for individuals with excellent baseline SRH and −0.21 points (95% CI: −0.22, −0.19) for participants with fair SRH. In multivariable generalized linear mixed models, lower baseline PPF quartiles were associated with lower odds of excellent/very good/good SRH at age 75, however, differences between baseline PPF quartiles diminished with age. Conclusions These results suggest that less than excellent SRH predicts decline in physical functioning, however, poor physical functioning may not predict change in SRH in a reciprocal fashion. SRH provides a simple assessment tool for identifying individuals at increased risk for decline in physical function.
Candidemia and invasive candidiasis among hospitalized neonates and pediatric patients

Abstract Objective: To investigate the epidemiology, treatment, length of stay (LOS) and costs for neonatal and pediatric inpatients with invasive candidiasis (IC). Methods: The Cerner Health Facts Database was used to assess inpatients (2005–2014) identified by positive blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Candida cultures. Log-transformed LOS and cost were examined in candidemia-only patients (n = 191) using multivariable linear regression. Results: A total of 202 patients had a positive culture (blood: n = 192; CSF: n = 10; both: n = 2). The most prevalent species were C. parapsilosis (n = 70, 34.7%), and C. albicans (n = 66, 32.7%). Mean (SD) age was 5 (5.5) years; 30 (14.9%) patients were <4 months. Comorbidities included sepsis (n = 85, 42.1%), coagulation disorders (n = 57, 28.2%), cancer (n = 64, 31.7%), and low birthweight (n = 26, 12.9%). Antifungals (AFs) included azoles (57.4%), polyenes (28.7%), and echinocandins (35.1%); 20.8% of patients received no AF during their encounter. The mean (SD) cost per encounter was $97,392 ($149,253), with a mean (SD) LOS of 45.6 (59.5) days and 9.9% mortality at discharge. Results were similar across Candida species. In regression analysis, intensive care unit (ICU) exposure, central catheter, sepsis, AF >48 hours prior to index culture, and age <4 months were associated with increased LOS; treatment at a non-teaching hospital was associated with reduced LOS (p < .05). AF use >48 hours before index, in-hospital mortality, Midwest region and ventricular shunt were associated with increased cost (p ≤ .05). Conclusions: This analysis confirms the association between pediatric candidemia and increased resource utilization and LOS. Given high observed rates of potential under-treatment, an opportunity may exist to improve AF therapy in this population.
Servant Leadership: A Review and Synthesis

Servant leadership is positioned as a new field of research for leadership scholars. This review deals with the historical background of servant leadership, its key characteristics, the available measurement tools, and the results of relevant studies that have been conducted so far. An overall conceptual model of servant leadership is presented. It is argued that leaders who combine their motivation to lead with a need to serve display servant leadership. Personal characteristics and culture are positioned alongside the motivational dimension. Servant leadership is demonstrated by empowering and developing people; by expressing humility, authenticity, interpersonal acceptance, and stewardship; and by providing direction. A high-quality dyadic relationship, trust, and fairness are expected to be the most important mediating processes to encourage self-actualization, positive job attitudes, performance, and a stronger organizational focus on sustainability and corporate social responsibility.
ODL Education Environments based on Adaptivity and Adaptability

In the Information Society of the new millennium, the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is becoming essential for the rapid dissemination of information. In this context, Open and Distance Learning (ODL) will have a growing role in effectively training people to have active roles in society. However, modern learners have a variety of backgrounds, with respect to knowledge, social environment, preferences, etc. Therefore, our main goal is to create the basis of a European platform of standards for user modeling-based adaptability and adaptation, towards individualization of the learning process. This paper reports about the birth of a new European project, ambitiously aiming at going one step further than plain user modeling (UM), by creating a common structure for the ODL systemsi adaptive response to specific user needs, thereby creating a basis for modern European Education. The main goal of this paper is to highlight the importance of the standardization of the adaptive and adaptable techniques to the research community at large, and therefore find more external support for our efforts. Moreover, this paper presents some first background research to establish a starting point for this project.
Chitosan Glutamate-Coated Niosomes: A Proposal for Nose-to-Brain Delivery

The aim of this in vitro study is to prepare and characterize drug free and pentamidine loaded chitosan glutamate coated niosomes for intranasal drug delivery to reach the brain through intranasal delivery. Mucoadhesive properties and stability testing in various environments were evaluated to examine the potential of these formulations to be effective drug delivery vehicles for intranasal delivery to the brain. Samples were prepared using thin film hydration method. Changes in size and ζ-potential of coated and uncoated niosomes with and without loading of pentamidine in various conditions were assessed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), while size and morphology were also studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Bilayer properties and mucoadhesive behavior were investigated by fluorescence studies and DLS analyses, respectively. Changes in vesicle size and ζ-potential values were shown after addition of chitosan glutamate to niosomes, and when in contact with mucin solution. In particular, interactions with mucin were observed in both drug free and pentamidine loaded niosomes regardless of the presence of the coating. The characteristics of the proposed systems, such as pentamidine entrapment and mucin interaction, show promising results to deliver pentamidine or other possible drugs to the brain via nasal administration.
2 . 3 Visualizing Categories in Tag Clouds

A TagPie is a novel tag cloud layout that arranges the tags belonging to multiple data categories in a pie chart manner. Motivated from research in classical philology, TagPies were designed to support the comparative analysis of classical terminology. In this scenario, the data categories represent the co-occurrences of different searched keywords, so that the comparison of the contexts in which these keywords were used becomes possible using TagPies. This paper illustrates the iterative development of TagPies, which aid as a distant reading view on a text corpus for humanities scholars. We outline various steps of our collaborative digital humanities project, and we emphasize the utility of the proposed design by outlining various usage scenarios representing current research questions in classical philology.
The Radiological Scrutiny of the Relation between Renal Vascular Dimensions and Anatomical Variation of Renal Arteries: The Must to Know before Renal Transplantation

Renal transplantation is the preferred treatment of patients suffering from end stage renal disease. Because of challenges in performing surgical vascular anastomosis in variant renal anatomy, knowledge on renal vascular anatomy is very important in the pre surgical workup of potential kidney donors. These anatomical variations differ geographically and ethnically. In Kenya there has been scanty statistics on prevalence of extra-renal branching of arteries but also the clear knowledge in the understanding of the relation between renal sizes, their main arterial diameters in predicting the presence of accessory arteries without invasive diagnostic methods. This study was designed to add into the body of literature more information about the dimensions of renal vascular anatomy of adult African population in Kenya and transmit this knowledge to enrich the renal surgery practice in the region and beyond. Therefore the aim of this study was to determining the relationship between kidney size, main renal arterial caliber and how they relate in the presence or absence of accessory arteries. The study was a three-year crosssectional descriptive study conducted at Kenyatta National Hospital from June 2008 to June 2011. A total of 204 cases including 103 (50.5%) females and 101 (49.5%) males were recruited for CTA. Most normal sized kidneys with accessory arteries had smaller main renal arterial diameters. Extra renal branching occurred in 14.7% of cases. It is concluded that the presence of accessory arteries cannot be determined by the study of kidney sizes alone. The current value of Renal CTA cannot be easily replaced by simplified noninvasive modalities for indirect and accurate study of renal vascular anatomy of potential kidney donors.
Cellulose nanofibers prepared by the N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide method

The process of electrospinning is very suitable for obtaining fibers with a diameter on a nanometer scale. Such fibers can be spun from almost all kinds of known polymers, copolymers, and polymer blends. In this work, we present cellulose nanofibers obtained by the electrospinning process from spinning dopes containing cellulose dissolved in an N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide/water system. Under different electrospinning process conditions, cellulose fibers, a nonwoven fiber network, and a cellulose membrane were obtained. The fibers were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The diameters of the fibers were in the submicrometer range. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1855–1859, 2005
Drosophila β-Tubulin 97EF is upregulated at low temperature and stabilizes microtubules

Cells in ectotherms function normally within an often wide temperature range. As temperature dependence is not uniform across all the distinct biological processes, acclimation presumably requires complex regulation. The molecular mechanisms that cope with the disruptive effects of temperature variation are still poorly understood. Interestingly, one of five different β-tubulin paralogs, βTub97EF, was among the genes upregulated at low temperature in cultured Drosophila cells. As microtubules are known to be cold sensitive, we analyzed whether βTub97EF protects microtubules at low temperatures. During development at the optimal temperature (25°C), βTub97EF was expressed in a tissue-specific pattern primarily in the gut. There, as well as in hemocytes, expression was increased at low temperature (14°C). Although βTub97EF mutants were viable and fertile at 25°C, their sensitivity within the well-tolerated range was slightly enhanced during embryogenesis specifically at low temperatures. Changing β-tubulin isoform ratios in hemocytes demonstrated that β-Tubulin 97EF has a pronounced microtubule stabilizing effect. Moreover, βTub97EF is required for normal microtubule stability in the gut. These results suggest that βTub97EF upregulation at low temperature contributes to acclimation by stabilizing microtubules. Highlighted Article: Ectotherms thrive within an often remarkable temperature range. At low temperatures, βTub97EF, a β-tubulin paralog stabilizing microtubules, is upregulated in a tissue-specific manner in Drosophila melanogaster.
Medical Neglect by Underprescription and Underutilization of Hydroxyurea in Children with Sickle Cell Disease.

More than 20 years ago, I prescribed hydroxyurea (HU) for the first time. Derrick was 17 and had been admitted more than 50 times for severe pain crises. Brought in severe pain to the hospital by ambulance, he would receive intravenous fluids and narcotics for several days and then finally be able towalk and be discharged home. He would miss more than a week of school with each episode, and he was two grades behind because of repeated hospitalizations. Following the publication of the Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (MSH) results, I prescribed HU for Derrick. I did not see Derrick for several months; he had not been admitted and I wondered if he ever started taking HU. At the next visit he was looking well and reported that he had not had any pain and had not missed any days of school. I studied him for the next 2 years; he was never admitted during that time and he graduated from high school. During the last 15 years I have used HU to treat more than 100 children with sickle cell disease (SCD), including twowhose magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/magnetic resonance angiography showed abnormalities of severe stenosis and moyamoya disease, and I have been impressed by its effectiveness and safety. The only children and young adults who have not benefited are ones who are unable to take it regularly; however, I continue to be disappointed by the data that most children with SCD are not receiving this potentially lifesaving drug. SCD causes pain, anemia, and progressive organ damage starting early in life. The process is initiated by the polymerization of hemoglobin S and involves vaso-occlusion, inflammation, hemolysis, coagulation, red blood cell dehydration, adhesion of red cells to the endothelial lining of blood vessels, and many metabolic abnormalities. These processes lead to painful crises and damage to various organs, and no organ is spared. Although
Optical properties of ZnO/Al/ZnO multilayer films for large area transparent electrodes

This study presents the optical properties of layered ZnO/Al/ZnO composite thin films that are being explored for potential applications in solar cells and light emitting devices. The composite thin films are explored as alternatives to ZnO thin films. They are produced via radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The study clarifies the role of the aluminum mid-layer in a ZnO (25 nm)/Al/ZnO (25 nm) film structure. Multilayers with low resistivity ∼362 µΩ cm and average transmittances between ∼85 and 90% (in the visible region of the solar spectrum) are produced. The highest Haacke figure of merit of 4.72 × 10^−3 Ω^−1 was obtained in a multilayer with mid-layer Al thickness of 8 nm. The combined optical band gap energy of the multilayered films increased by ∼0.60 eV for mid-layer Al thicknesses between ∼1 and 10 nm. The observed shifts in the optical absorption edges to shorter wave lengths of the spectrum are shown to be in agreement with the Moss–Burstein effect.
Rockpool Gobies Change Colour for Camouflage

Camouflage is found in a wide range of species living in numerous habitat types, offering protection from visually guided predators. This includes many species from the intertidal zone, which must cope with background types diverse in appearance and with multiple predator groups foraging at high and low tide. Many animals are capable of either relatively slow (hours, days, weeks) or rapid (seconds and minutes) colour change in order to better resemble the background against which they are found, but most work has been restricted to a few species or taxa. It is often suggested that many small intertidal fish are capable of colour change for camouflage, yet little experimental work has addressed this. Here, we test rock gobies (Gobius paganellus) for colour change abilities, and whether they can tune their appearance to match the background. In two experiments, we place gobies on backgrounds of different brightness (black or white), and of different colours (red and blue) and use digital image analysis and modelling of predator (avian) vision to quantify colour and luminance (perceived lightness) changes and camouflage. We find that gobies are capable of rapid colour change (occurring within one minute), and that they can change their luminance on lighter or darker backgrounds. When presented on backgrounds of different colours, gobies also change their colour (hue and saturation) while keeping luminance the same. These changes lead to predicted improvements in camouflage match to the background. Our study shows that small rockpool fish are capable of rapid visual change for concealment, and that this may be an important mechanism in many species to avoid predation, especially in complex heterogeneous environments.
A highly efficient optimization scheme for REMOS-based distant-talking speech recognition

A highly efficient decoding algorithm for the REMOS (REverberation MOdeling for Speech recognition) concept for distant-talking speech recognition as proposed in [1] is suggested to reduce the computational complexity by about two orders of magnitude and thereby allowing for first real-time implementations. REMOS is based on a combined acoustic model consisting of a conventional hidden Markov model (HMM), modeling the clean speech, and a reverberation model. During recognition, the most likely clean-speech and reverberant contributions are estimated by solving an inner optimization problem for logarithmic melspectral (log-melspec) features. In this paper, two approximation techniques for the inner optimization problem are derived. Connected digit recognition experiments confirm that the computational complexity is significantly reduced. Ensuring that the global optima of the inner optimization problem are found, the decoding algorithm based on the proposed approximations even increases the recognition accuracy relative to interior point optimization techniques.
Assessing the Potential to Detect Oil Spills In and Under Snow Using Airborne Ground-Penetrating Radar

With recent increased interest in oil and gas exploration and development in the Arctic comes increased potential for an accidental hydrocarbon release into the cryosphere, including within and at the base of snow. There is a critical need to develop effective and reliable methods for detecting such spills. Numerical modeling shows that ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is sensitive to the presence of oil in the snow pack over a broad range of snow densities and oil types. Oil spills from the surface drain through the snow by the mechanisms of unsaturated flow and form geometrically complex distributions that are controlled by snow stratigraphy. These complex distributions generate an irregular pattern of radar reflections that can be differentiated from natural snow stratigraphy, but in many cases, interpretation will not be straightforward. Oil located at the base of the snow tends to reduce the impedance contrast with the underlying ice or soil substrate resulting in anomalously low-amplitude radar reflec.
Nitrogen-Deprivation Elevates Lipid Levels in Symbiodinium spp. by Lipid Droplet Accumulation: Morphological and Compositional Analyses

Stable cnidarian-dinoflagellate (genus Symbiodinium) endosymbioses depend on the regulation of nutrient transport between Symbiodinium populations and their hosts. It has been previously shown that the host cytosol is a nitrogen-deficient environment for the intracellular Symbiodinium and may act to limit growth rates of symbionts during the symbiotic association. This study aimed to investigate the cell proliferation, as well as ultrastructural and lipid compositional changes, in free-living Symbiodinium spp. (clade B) upon nitrogen (N)-deprivation. The cell proliferation of the N-deprived cells decreased significantly. Furthermore, staining with a fluorescent probe, boron dipyrromethane 493/503 (BODIPY 493/503), indicated that lipid contents progressively accumulated in the N-deprived cells. Lipid analyses further showed that both triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesterol ester (CE) were drastically enriched, with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; i.e., docosahexaenoic acid, heneicosapentaenoic acid, and oleic acid) became more abundant. Ultrastructural examinations showed that the increase in concentration of these lipid species was due to the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs), a cellular feature that have previously shown to be pivotal in the maintenance of intact endosymbioses. Integrity of these stable LDs was maintained via electronegative repulsion and steric hindrance possibly provided by their surface proteins. Proteomic analyses of these LDs identified proteins putatively involved in lipid metabolism, signaling, stress response and energy metabolism. These results suggest that LDs production may be an adaptive response that enables Symbiodinium to maintain sufficient cellular energy stores for survival under the N-deprived conditions in the host cytoplasm.