Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two Families of Optimal Multipath Congestion Control Protocols

Multiple Path Transmission Control Protocols (MPTCPs) allow flows to explore path diversity of datacenter networks and multihoming to improve throughput, reliability, and network resource utilization. However, the existing MPTCPs are largely empirical by design and fall short of achieving satisfactory tradeoffs among responsiveness, TCP fairness and throughput. By leveraging the TCP utility and a network-utility-maximization (NUM) solution for concave utilities, in this paper, we derive and implement in Linux kernels two distinct families of NUM-optimal MPTCP protocols, EUTCP ($\gamma$), a function of a rate-scaling vector of the sub-flow rate-scaling coefficients, $\gamma$, and WUTCP ($\omega$), a function of a utility weight vector of the sub-flow weights, $\omega$, respectively. While the former allows resource pooling, the latter does not. We then show that the Semicoupled algorithm and EWTCP are in fact EUTCP(1) and WUTCP $(1/m^{2})$, where $m$ is the number of sub-flow paths, and hence, are NUM-optimal. The performance of the two families with equal weight and equal rate-scaling coefficient for all sub-flows when coexisting with TCP is also analyzed based on experiments in a testbed. In particular, the test results demonstrate that the family members of EUTCP ($\gamma$) with rate-scaling coefficient in the range of [1, 1.1] outperform three well-known MPTCPs with resource pooling capability, including LIA, OLIA and Balia, in terms of achieving satisfactory tradeoffs among responsiveness, fairness and throughput. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms compared to the existing ones is further confirmed by simulation in a fat-tree datacenter network topology running both long and short flows.
Decay of viscous surface waves without surface tension

Consider a viscous fluid of finite depth below the air. In the absence of the surface tension effect at the air-fluid interface, the long time behavior of a free surface with small amplitude has been an intriguing question since the work of Beale \cite{beale_1}. In this monograph, we develop a new mathematical framework to resolve this question. If the free interface is horizontally infinite, we establish that it decays to a flat surface at an algebraic rate. On the other hand, if the free interface is periodic, we establish that it decays at an almost exponential rate, i.e. at an arbitrarily fast algebraic rate determined by the smallness of the data. Our framework contains several novel techniques, which include: (1) a local well-posedness theory of the Navier-Stokes equations in the presence of a moving boundary; (2) a two-tier energy method that couples the boundedness of high-order energy to the decay of low-order energy, the latter of which is necessary to balance out the growth of the highest derivatives of the free interface; (3) control of both negative and positive Sobolev norms, which enhances interpolation estimates and allows for the decay of infinite surface waves; (4) a localization procedure that is compatible with the energy method and allows for curved lower surface geometry in the periodic case. Our decay results lead to the construction of global-in-time solutions to the surface wave problem.
Online Adaptive Basis Enrichment for Mixed CEM-GMsFEM

In this research, an online basis enrichment strategy for the constraint energy minimizing generalized multiscale finite element method in mixed formulation is proposed. The online approach is based on the technique of oversampling. One makes use of the information of residual and the data in the partial differential equation such as the source function. The analysis presented shows that the proposed online enrichment leads to a fast convergence from multiscale approximation to the fine-scale solution. The error reduction can be made sufficiently large by suitably selecting oversampling regions and the number of oversampling layers. Also, the convergence rate of the enrichment can be tuned by a user-defined parameter. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Two Propositions Involving the Standard Representation of $S_n$

We present here two standalone results from a forthcoming work on the analysis of Markov chains using the representation theory of $S_n$. First, we give explicit formulas for the decompositions of tensor powers of the defining and standard representations of $S_n$. Secondly, we prove that any Markov chain on $S_n$ starting with one fixed point and whose increment distributions are class measures will always average exactly one fixed point.
A note on the affine-invariant plank problem

Suppose that $C$ is a bounded convex subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$, and that $P_1, \dots, P_k$ are planks which cover $C$ in respective directions $v_1, \dots, v_k$ and with widths $w_1, \dots, w_k$. In 1951, Bang conjectured that $$\sum_{i=1}^k \frac{w_i}{w_{v_i}(C)} \geq 1, $$ generalizing a previous conjecture of Tarski. Here, $w_{v_i}(C)$ is the width of $C$ in the direction $v_i$. In this note we give a short proof of this conjecture under the assumption that, for every $m$ with $1 \leq m \leq k$, $ C \setminus \bigcup_{i = 1}^m P_i $ is a convex set.
Collection of Heat Loss in Photovoltaic System by Parallely Connected Thermoelectric Network

The goal of this work is to increase solar cell efficiency by efficiently combining the electric power of a solar cell and a thermoelectric generator into a single two terminal hybrid device. This work presents a method of achieving this by dividing the thermoelectric generator into smaller thermoelectric generators, forming a parallel connected network with them, and connecting this network in series with the solar cell. An equivalent circuit model was developed for this device scheme, and compared with experimental data. The data show some support of the model, but fine evaluation of the model's accuracy was hindered by limitations in the experimental setup. If thermoelectric generator efficiency increases in the future, it may become practical to combine thermoelectric generators with solar cells. Providing a method for combining the two power sources at the cellular level may be important for simplifying and improving systems that use these photovoitaic/thermoelectric hybrids.
Low-Cost, Long-Range Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Data Logger Using Long Range (LoRa) Module

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, are in high demand due to their suitability for observation and surveillance. It also has been utilized for both recreational and commercial purposes. Unfortunately, as with the term "unmanned", the UAV operator cannot determine the state of the drone when it is in the air. One of the crucial parts is to recover the UAV’s mission data if something happens that prevents it from continuing to operate. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a low-cost, long-range data logger payload that can transmit the measured data in real-time. Additionally, it is essential to integrate the aforementioned functions into a unified system. In this work, an Arduino Uno, Arduino Nano, GY-86 10DOF IMU, micro-SD card converter, LoRa SX1278, and a 7.4V lithium-ion battery are used to develop the data logger system. The system utilized the long-range (LoRa) module by using Arduino IDE software and Node-RED as an internet of things (IoT) platform. The MJX Bug 16 Pro UAV device is used to mount the system and measure the altitude and atmospheric pressure of the flying device. The data logger payload is expected to provide precise live data on altitude and air pressure from the UAV to the operator’s base station.
Self-Guided Smartphone Application to Manage Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Trial

Objective: The goal of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of an auricular point acupressure smartphone app (mAPA) to self-manage chronic musculoskeletal pain. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal, randomized, controlled pilot trial was conducted using a three-group design (self-guided mAPA (n = 14); in-person mAPA (n = 12); and control (n = 11)). The primary outcomes included physical function and pain intensity. Results: After a 4-week APA intervention, participants in the in-person mAPA group had improved physical function of 32% immediately post-intervention and 29% at the 1M follow-up. Participants in the self-guided mAPA group had higher improvement (42% at post-intervention and 48% at the 1M follow-up). Both mAPA groups had similar degrees of pain intensity relief at post-intervention (45% for in-person and 48% for the self-guided group) and the 1M follow-up (42% for in-person and 45% for the self-guided group). Over 50% of the participants in each group reached at least 30% reduced pain intensity at post-intervention, and this was sustained in the mAPA groups at the 1M follow-up. Approximately 80% of the participants in both mAPA groups were satisfied with the treatment outcomes and adhered to the suggested APA practice; however, participants in the self-guided group had higher duration and more frequency in APA use. The attrition rate was 16% at the 1M follow-up. No adverse effects of APA were reported, and participants found APA to be beneficial and the app to be valuable. Conclusions: The study findings indicate that participants effectively learned APA using a smartphone app, whether they were self-guided or received in-person training. They were able to self-administer APA to successfully manage their pain. Participants found APA to be valuable in their pain self-management and expressed satisfaction with the intervention using the app.
Commutant structuture of Ux...xUxU* transformations

In this paper we have found irreducible representations (irreps) of the algebra of partially transposed permutation operators on last subsystem. We give here direct method of irreps construction for an arbitrary number of subsystems n and local dimension d. Our method is inspired by representation theory of symmetric group S(n), theory of Brauer Algebras and Walled Brauer Algebras.
On the Impact of Bell Sound on Ambient Particulates

Here the authors examine whether bell sounds can have an impact onambient aerosol levels and size distribution under atmospheric conditions.The authors present calculation results for acoustic coagulation by churchbell sounds for a range of ambient aerosol types. The results show thatfor orthokinetic sonic agglomeration, while the frequency spectrum ofchurch bells is ideal for causing coagulation of ambient aerosols, the soundpressure level (SPL) becomes too low for an effect. However, for verypolluted conditions, at extremely short distances from the bell dust aerosolscan readily undergo sonic coagulation.
Optimal stochastic control with recursive cost functionals of stochastic differential systems reflected in a domain

The paper is concerned with optimal control of a stochastic differential system reflected in a domain. The cost functional is implicitly defined via a generalized backward stochastic differential equation developed by Pardoux and Zhang [ Probab. Theory Relat. Fields 110 (1998) 535–558]. The value function is shown to be the unique viscosity solution to the associated Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation, which is a fully nonlinear parabolic partial differential equation with a nonlinear Neumann boundary condition. The proof requires new estimates for the reflected stochastic differential system.
A Study on the Impact of Built Environment Elements on Satisfaction with Residency Whilst Considering Spatial Heterogeneity

The built environment, as perceived and felt by human beings, can shape and affect residential satisfaction. From the perspective of municipal administrators, understanding the building environment and its relationship with people’s residential satisfaction is crucial to improving people’s living environment. This study examines the correlation between built environment elements and residential satisfaction using the consideration of spatial heterogeneity of such a correlation. Machine vision technology is introduced to quantify the design dimension of the built environment. The method of multiscale geographically weighted regression is used to evaluate the relationship between built environment and residential satisfaction and to analyze the spatial heterogeneity in the influencing effects. This empirical study draws on 399 collected samples from the residents of Zhengzhou, China. The results show that elements of the built environment, including street space design features, have a significant effect on people’s residential satisfaction in Zhengzhou City. The factors of functional diversity and distance to the city center show spatial heterogeneity in influencing effects on residential satisfaction. The results of this study could help municipal managers to improve people’s residential satisfaction in Zhengzhou City through the development of urban renewal policies.
Characteristics of PoVIN3, a Key Gene of Vernalization Pathway, Affects Flowering Time

The tree peony (Paeonia section Moutan DC.) is the candidate flower in China, with abundant germplasm resources and high ornamental value. However, the short and concentrated flowering period severely restricted the improvement of the economic value of tree peonies. Based on the full-length transcriptome database of tree peonies, the PoVIN3 (GenBank ID: OP341879), involved in the flowering regulation of tree peonies were identified and cloned for the first time. The PoVIN3 was also characterized by bioinformatics methods, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the establishment of a transgenic system. The expression levels of PoVIN3 in seven different petals developmental stages were the highest at the initial flowering stage of the variant cultivar of Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan,’ the initial decay stage of the normal flowering Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan,’ and the half opening stage of the late flowering Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Lianhe. ’ Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that the relative expression levels of PoVIN3 were the highest in sepals of both normal flowering Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ and the late flowering Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Lianhe,’ and the highest expression was in stamens of early flowering mutant Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan. ’ In addition, the flowering time of pCAMBIA2300-PoVIN3 transgenic plants was significantly earlier than that of the wild-type, indicating that PoVIN3 could promote plant flowering. The results provide a theoretical basis for exploring the role of PoVIN3 in the regulation of flowering in tree peonies.
Cycle classes and the syntomic regulator

Let $V=Spec(R)$ and $R$ be a complete discrete valuation ring of mixed characteristic $(0,p)$. For any flat $R$-scheme $X$ we prove the compatibility of the de Rham fundamental class of the generic fiber and the rigid fundamental class of the special fiber. We use this result to construct a syntomic regulator map $r:CH^i(X/V,2i-n)\to H^n_{syn}(X,i)$, when $X$ is smooth over $V$, with values on the syntomic cohomology defined by A. Besser. Motivated by the previous result we also prove some of the Bloch-Ogus axioms for the syntomic cohomology theory, but viewed as an absolute cohomology theory.
Mouse Syngeneic Melanoma Model with Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression

The development of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting agents for the treatment of malignant melanoma requires cheap and easy animal tumor models for high-throughput in vivo screening. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop mouse syngeneic melanoma model that expresses human EGFR. Cloudman S91 clone M3 mouse melanoma cells were transduced with lentiviral particles carrying the human EGFR gene followed by a multistep selection process. The resulting M3-EGFR has been tested for EGFR expression and functionality in vitro and in vivo. Radioligand assay confirmed the presence of 13,900 ± 1500 EGF binding sites per cell at a dissociation constant of 5.3 ± 1.4 nM. M3-EGFR demonstrated the ability to bind and internalize specifically and provide the anticipated intracellular nuclear import of three different EGFR-targeted modular nanotransporters designed for specific anti-cancer drug delivery. Introduction of the human EGFR gene did not alter the tumorigenicity of the offspring M3-EGFR cells in host immunocompetent DBA/2J mice. Preservation of the expression of EGFR in vivo was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. To sum up, we successfully developed the first mouse syngeneic melanoma model with preserved in vivo expression of human EGFR.
The regularized monotonicity method: Detecting irregular indefinite inclusions

In inclusion detection in electrical impedance tomography, the support of perturbations (inclusion) from a known background conductivity is typically reconstructed from idealized continuum data modelled by a Neumann-to-Dirichlet map. Only few reconstruction methods apply when detecting indefinite inclusions, where the conductivity distribution has both more and less conductive parts relative to the background conductivity; one such method is the monotonicity method of Harrach, Seo, and Ullrich [ 17 , 15 ]. We formulate the method for irregular indefinite inclusions, meaning that we make no regularity assumptions on the conductivity perturbations nor on the inclusion boundaries. We show, provided that the perturbations are bounded away from zero, that the outer support of the positive and negative parts of the inclusions can be reconstructed independently. Moreover, we formulate a regularization scheme that applies to a class of approximative measurement models, including the Complete Electrode Model, hence making the method robust against modelling error and noise. In particular, we demonstrate that for a convergent family of approximative models there exists a sequence of regularization parameters such that the outer shape of the inclusions is asymptotically exactly characterized. Finally, a peeling-type reconstruction algorithm is presented and, for the first time in literature, numerical examples of monotonicity reconstructions for indefinite inclusions are presented.
Interpolation in Algebraic Geometry

This is an expanded version of the two papers "Interpolation of Varieties of Minimal Degree" and "Interpolation Problems: Del Pezzo Surfaces. " It is well known that one can find a rational normal curve in $\mathbb P^n$ through $n+3$ general points. More recently, it was shown that one can always find nonspecial curves through the expected number of general points and linear spaces. After some expository material regarding scrolls, we consider the generalization of this question to varieties of all dimensions and explain why smooth varieties of minimal degree satisfy interpolation. We give twenty-two equivalent formulations of interpolation. We also classify when Castelnuovo curves satisfy weak interpolation. In the appendix, we prove that del Pezzo surfaces satisfy weak interpolation. Our techniques for proving interpolation include deformation theory, degeneration and specialization, and association.
Evaluation of Radiation Dose in Computed Tomography Angiography before Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Objective: To investigate the effective radiation dose and image quality of computed tomography angiography (CTA) before transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Material and Methods: This study involved 65 participants, diagnosed with aortic valve stenosis and examined with CTA before TAVI. The total mAs, kVp, volume CT dose index (CTDIvol), and dose–length product (DLP) in each scanning phase were recorded. The effective dose was calculated by multiplying the DLP by the conversion coefficient (k=0.015 mSv/[mGy.cm]). For quantitative image analysis, circular regions of interest were placed on six levels of the aorta in the axial images. The CT attenuation value, image noise, signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast-to-noise ratio were measured. For qualitative analysis, two radiologists rated the image quality of the aortic root and aortoiliac pathway. Results: The mean CTDIvol and DLP were 23.59±5.19 mGy and 881.01±193.41 mGy.cm. , respectively. The mean effective dose was 13.22±2.90 mSv; the whole-aorta CTA phase received the highest dose, followed by the coronary CTA and coronary artery calcium scoring phases (9.62±2.60, 2.44±1.13, and 1.16±0.55 mSv, respectively). Image quality ranged from good to excellent in all segments of the aorta. Conclusion: The mean effective radiation dose of the pre-TAVI CT examination using 256-multidetector CT was 22.91± 5.03 mSv. The image quality in the aorta was good to excellent. The main factors that affected the radiation dose were: body mass index, total mAs, and kVp.
Moduli spaces of stable quotients and wall-crossing phenomena

Abstract The moduli space of holomorphic maps from Riemann surfaces to the Grassmannian is known to have two kinds of compactifications: Kontsevich’s stable map compactification and Marian–Oprea–Pandharipande’s stable quotient compactification. Over a non-singular curve, the latter moduli space is Grothendieck’s Quot scheme. In this paper, we give the notion of ‘ ϵ-stable quotients’ for a positive real number ϵ, and show that stable maps and stable quotients are related by wall-crossing phenomena. We will also discuss Gromov–Witten type invariants associated to ϵ-stable quotients, and investigate them under wall crossing.
Changes in the Fecal Metabolome Accompany an Increase in Aberrant Crypt Foci in the Colon of C57BL/6 Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet

High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is a risk factor for colon cancer. Our previous data show that compared to an AIN-93 diet (AIN), a HFD promotes azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation and microbial dysbiosis in C57BL/6 mice. To explore the underlying metabolic basis, we hypothesize that AOM treatment triggers a different fecal metabolomic profile in C57BL/6 mice fed the HFD or the AIN. We found that 65 of 196 identified metabolites were significantly different among the four groups of mice (AIN, AIN + AOM, HFD, and HFD + AOM). A sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLSDA) showed that concentrations of nine fecal lipid metabolites were increased in the HFD + AOM compared to the HFD, which played a key role in overall metabolome group separation. These nine fecal lipid metabolite concentrations were positively associated with the number of colonic ACF, the cell proliferation of Ki67 proteins, and the abundance of dysbiotic bacteria. These data suggest that the process of AOM-induced ACF formation may increase selective fecal lipid concentrations in mice fed with a HFD but not an AIN. Collectively, the accumulation of these critical fecal lipid species may alter the overall metabolome during tumorigenesis in the colon.
A Family of Mutually Nonhomeomorphic Separable Contractible 2-Manifolds of Cardinality $2^{2^{\aleph_0}}$

We describe a family of open subsets $M_A$ of the Moore plane, one for each subset $A$ of $\mathbb{R}$. Each of these subsets is a separable contractible (Hausdorff) 2-manifold, which is nonmetrizable if $A$ is uncountable. The collection $\{M_A:A\subseteq\mathbb{R}\}$ contains $2^{2^{\aleph_0}}$ distinct homeomorphism classes.