Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmentally regulated expression and localization of fibroblast growth factor receptors in the human muscle

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are believed to play a key role in tissue differentiation and maturation. Thus, the expression of the four members of the high‐affinity tyrosine kinase FGF receptor family (FGFRs) and of the low‐affinity heparan sulphate proteoglycan binding sites, syndecan‐1 and perlecan, was studied in the human skeletal muscle during development. Northern blot analysis demonstrated a developmentally regulated expression of the mRNAs for FGFR‐1, FGFR‐3, FGFR‐4, whereas only traces of FGFR‐2 mRNA were found. Each receptor type had a different developmental pattern, suggesting an independent regulation. Signal for FGFR‐3 was retained only in the adult muscle. Among the low‐affinity FGF binding sites, perlecan was absent, whereas RNA transcript for syndecan‐1 peaked at week 13 of gestation, after which a significant decrease was observed. Immunohistochemistry for FGFRs revealed that their localization changed with muscle maturation. At early embryonic stages, FGFR‐3 and FGFR‐4 had a scattered distribution in the tissue, and FGFR‐1 was found on myotube and myofiber plasma membranes. At later stages, FGFR‐1 positivity decreased and was found in a few areas of the muscle, FGFR‐3 was concentrated in the nuclei of some, but not all, muscle fibers, and FGFR‐4 maintained an association with plasma membrane. In adult tissue, weak positivity for FGFR‐3 and FGFR‐4 was observed in the connective tissue only. When immunocytochemistry was performed on human fetal myoblasts in culture, confocal microscope analysis revealed a nonhomogeneous cell membrane distribution of FGFRs. Taken together, the data strongly suggest that developmentally regulated expression and cell distribution of FGFRs play a role during muscle maturation. Dev. Dyn. 1998;211:362–373. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of Acceptable Noise Level with Background Music

Background and Objectives Acceptable noise level (ANL) is a measure of the maximum background noise level (BNL) that a person is willing to tolerate while following a target story. Although researchers have used various sources of target sound in ANL measures, a limited type of background noise has been used. Extending the previous study of Gordon-Hickey & Moore (2007), the current study determined the effect of music genre and tempo on ANLs as possible factors affecting ANLs. We also investigated the relationships between individual ANLs and the familiarity of music samples and between music ANLs and subjective preference. Subjects and Methods Forty-one participants were seperated into two groups according to their ANLs, 29 low-ANL listeners and 12 high-ANL listeners. Using Korean ANL material, the individual ANLs were measured based on the listeners' most comfortable listening level and BNL. The ANLs were measured in six conditions, with different music tempo (fast, slow) and genre (K-pop, pop, classical) in a counterbalanced order. Results Overall, ANLs did not differ by the tempo of background music, but music genre significantly affected individual ANLs. We observed relatively higher ANLs with K-pop music and relatively lower ANLs with classical music. This tendency was similar in both low-ANL and high-ANL groups. However, the subjective ratings of music familiarity and preference affected ANLs differently for low-ANL and high-ANL groups. In contrast to the low-ANL listeners, the ANLs of the high-ANL listeners were significantly affected by music familiarity and preference. Conclusions The genre of background music affected ANLs obtained using background music. The degree of music familiarity and preference appears to be associated with individual susceptibility to background music only for listeners who are greatly annoyed by background noise (high-ANL listeners).
Chapter 14 AGI and Machine Consciousness

Artificial General Intelligence aims at finding computational models for the deep basic mechanisms of intelligence [50]. The classical view of intelligence from the standpoint of psychology is usually related with the g factor and the psychometric approach (see Neisser et al. [45] for a review). Alternative views have been proposed by Gardner [22] and by Sternberg [61]. Legg and Hutter [36] provided several different definitions related to the different aspects of intelligence, from psychology to philosophy to cognitive sciences.
A Bayesian MIMIC Model for Testing Non-uniform DIF in Two and Three Groups

Multiple-indicator multiple cause (MIMIC) models have become a popular latent variable method to detect di erential item functioning (DIF) by practitioners. The ease of including groups for DIF testing and the implementation of MIMIC models in structural equation modeling software have helped drive the use of MIMIC models by applied researchers. However, there are several shortcomings within the methodological literature that are important questions yet to be addressed. First, only the case of two groups have been studied in simulations studies, yet practitioners are increasingly utilizing MIMIC models on more than two groups (e.g. Fleishman, Spector, & Altman, 2002; Sacco, Casado, & Unick, 2011; Sacco, Torres, Cunningham-Williams, Woods, & Unick, 2011; Woods, Oltmanns, & Turkheimer, 2009; Yang, Tommet, & Jones, 2009). Second, MIMIC models can be parameterized to test for non-uniform DIF (e.g. Woods & Grimm, 2011), but in current implementations Type I error rates were too high possibly due to assumption violations in the estimation of the latent interaction. Third, almost all previous simulations for MIMIC models have not considered the MIMIC model’s robustness to violations of the homogeneity of variance assumption (see Carroll, 2014 for an exception). A Monte Carlo simulation study was conducted to address these three shortcomings utilizing a 2 (number of groups) x 3 (latent variance di erences) x 3 (sample size imbalance) factorial design and comparing the proposed Bayesian MIMIC model with an improved version of Lord’s (1980) χ 2. Results of the simulation study indicated that when the assumption of homogeneity of latent variances held the Bayesian MIMIC model was a competitive method for assessing DIF. However, when the assumption was not met the Bayesian MIMIC
Design and Test of Processor-Core Based Systems

This tutorial responds to the rapidly increasing use of various cores for implementing systems-on-a-chip. It specific- ally focusses on processor cores. We will give some examples of cores, including DSP cores and application-specific instruction- set processors (ASIPs). We will mention market trends for these components, and we will touch design procedures, in particular the use compilers. Finally, we will discuss the problem of testing core-based designs. Existing solutions include boundary scan, em- bedded in-circuit emulation (ICE), the use of processor resources for stimuli/response compaction and self-test programs.
A Method for Testing Real-Time System Based on Timed Automata

This paper provides an approach to test real-time systems modeled by timed input/output automata (TSIOA), which is a variant of TA (timed automata). This method consists of three steps. Firstly, system model depicted by TSIOA is transformed into an USTGSS (untimed stable label transition graph of symbolic state) which does not contain abstract time delay transitions. Then, the testing methods based on LTS (labeled transition system) are used to the generate transition sequences from USTGSS according to structural coverage criteria. Finally, a process of constructing and executing the test cases is given, in which object functions of time delay variables are imported, and time delay variables used in the transition sequences are solved dynamically by linear programming techniques.
Forced Limb-Use Effects on the Behavioral and Neurochemical Effects of 6-Hydroxydopamine

Rats with unilateral depletion of striatal dopamine (DA) show marked preferential use of the ipsilateral forelimb. Previous studies have shown that implementation of motor therapy after stroke improves functional outcome (Taub et al., 1999). Thus, we have examined the impact of forced use of the impaired forelimb during or soon after unilateral exposure to the DA neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). In one group of animals, the nonimpaired forelimb was immobilized using a cast, which forced exclusive use of the impaired limb for the first 7 d after infusion. The animals that received a cast displayed no detectable impairment or asymmetry of limb use, could use the contralateral (impaired) forelimb independently for vertical and lateral weight shifting, and showed no contralateral turning to apomorphine. The behavioral effects were maintained throughout the 60 d of observation. In addition to the behavioral sparing, these animals showed remarkable sparing of striatal DA, its metabolites, and the expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter, suggesting a decrease in the extent of DA neuron degeneration. Behavioral and neurochemical sparing appeared to be complete when the 7 d period of immobilization was initiated immediately after 6-OHDA infusion, only partial sparing was evident when immobilization was initiated 3 d postoperatively, and no sparing was detected when immobilization was initiated 7 d after 6-OHDA treatment. These results suggest that physical therapy may be beneficial in Parkinson's disease.
Intra-product Specialisation and the Innovation Ability of the High-technology Industry in China

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the influence of intra-product specialisation on the innovation ability of the high-technology industry in China. To achieve this research goal, we use the generalised method of moments (GMM) with a dynamic panel data model in our empirical research. Total factor productivity (TFP) and its decomposition variables are used to measure the innovation ability. The Malmquist index is employed to calculate TFP and its decomposition variables, namely, technology progress, technical efficiency and scale efficiency. Previous studies show that intra-product specialisation can raise TFP, but our empirical results reveal that the impact of the intra-product specialisation on the TFP is uncertain: it decreases TFP in the initial period but increases it in the lag period. Results also indicate that an increase in the proportion of state-owned property rights exerts a positive influence on TFP and the change in pure technical efficiency. Technical efficiency is greatly influenced by intra-product specialisation, whereas intra-product specialisation exerts a slight influence on technological progress. The capital investment in research and development (R&D) has a positive effect on TFP, and the contribution rate of R&D labour input to TFP is relatively low. The main conclusion is that China need to improve the degree of intra-product specialisation, accelerate the evolution of industry technical standards and reduce the coordination cost of intra-product specialisation to enhance the innovation ability of the high-technology industry.
Contractions, Hopf Algebra Extensions and Covariant Differential Calculus

We re-examine all the contractions related with the ${\cal U}_q(su(2))$ deformed algebra and study the consequences that the contraction process has for their structure. We also show using ${\cal U}_q(su(2))\times{\cal U}(u(1))$ as an example that, as in the undeformed case, the contraction may generate Hopf algebra cohomology. We shall show that most of the different Hopf algebra deformations obtained have a bicrossproduct or a cocycle bicrossproduct structure, for which we shall also give their dual `group' versions. The bicovariant differential calculi on the deformed spaces associated with the contracted algebras and the requirements for their existence are examined as well.
Distinctive Characteristics of Small Businesses as Sites for Informal Learning

Few studies have examined workplace factors that influence informal learning in small businesses and in general the studies are not framed by the characteristics of small businesses. To address this weakness in existing literature, we conducted a review of literatures which examine (a) workplace factors that influence informal learning, (b) small-business characteristics, and (c) factors influencing informal learning in small businesses. The several workplace factors that influence learning were categorized as job and relational and organizational characteristics. Each category was examined in relation to characteristics of small businesses. We outline what is known about each category and what we need to learn about them as they relate to informal learning in small businesses. For each category, propositions are generated that should be examined in future research. We also produce a heuristic conceptual framework that can be used to focus and bound future research that tests a different set of propositions.
1 Prospection and the Integrative Capacities of the Prefrontal Cortex : A contemporary synthesis

The fifth edition of The Prefrontal Cortex provides a synthesis of the structure and functions of the brain region for which it is named. Joaquín Fuster's extensive academic history elucidating the brain mechanisms of cognitive functions once again contributes to this insightful overview of the neural underpinnings of prefrontal function, the contributions of the prefrontal cortex to whole brain function, and the methodological advances that allow research in these areas to progress. The magnitude of this undertaking is reflected in the volume of articles concerning the prefrontal cortex. However, the end product highlights the discerning eye that only an expert can bring to not only filter out the most relevant empirical evidence for inclusion but to incorporate this evidence into his overarching theoretical view for the book. As a result, The Prefrontal Cortex is accessible both to the casual reader, as well as experts in the fields of neuroscience, psychology, and others. Through my own endeavors in elucidating the contributions that prefrontal neurobiological mechanisms make to behavior, I have come to appreciate the importance of establishing a solid theoretical foundation for research of this kind. Although it is easy to be captivated by the latest results and cutting-edge research techniques, perspective is critical to incorporating empirical novelty into a meaningful model of the brain and behavior. Fuster provides exactly this perspective by providing a historical purview of the prefrontal cortex that details how the field arrived where it is today. This book also serves as a reminder of the symbiotic relationship between the facts that inform a theory and the theoretical extensions providing the impetus for further research. Indeed, in the same way that the relevance and impact of The Prefrontal Cortex draws from contemporary literature, Fuster's overview of the
PENGARUH MOTIF HEDONIS TERHADAP LOYALITAS PERILAKU DI DOMICILE KITCHEN AND LOUNGE SURABAYA: KEPUASAN KONSUMEN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI

Abstrak : Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh motif hedonis terhadap loyalitas perilaku dari pengunjung Domicile Kitchen and Lounge Surabaya. Motif hedonis mempengaruhi evaluasi fungsional dan evaluasi afektif yang kemudian mempengaruhi kepuasan konsumen sebagai variabel mediasi. Penulis menggunakan structural equation model (SEM) dengan AMOS versi 22 untuk menguji hubungan variabel bebas dan variabel terikat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan seluruh hipotesis diterima. Motif hedonis berpengaruh signifikan terhadap evaluasi fungsional dan evaluasi afektif. Evaluasi fungsional berpengaruh signifikan terhadap evaluasi afektif. Evaluasi fungsional dan evaluasi afektif juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen. Terakhir, kepuasan konsumen berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas perilaku. Abstract : The study was conducted to determine the effect of hedonic motives on behavioral loyalty of customers at Domicile Kitchen and Lounge Surabaya. Hedonic motives influenced functional evaluation and affective evaluation which in turn will impact on the customer satisfaction as the mediating variable. The writer used structural equation model (SEM) with AMOS version 22 to test the effect of independent variables on the dependent variables. The result showed that all hypotheses were accepted. Hedonic motives significantly influenced functional evaluation and affective evaluation. Meanwhile, functional evaluation significantly influenced affective evaluation. Functional evaluation and affective evaluation also significantly influenced customers’ satisfaction. Lastly, customers’ satisfaction significantly affected respondents’ behavioral loyalty.
NATURAL LANGUAGE SUPPORT FOR COMPETENCY EVALUATION OF WEB-ONTOLOGIES

Ontology is a key element of the Semantic web that facilitates a common understanding of the structure of knowledge in a domain, and they can back applications such as semantic annotation, consistency checking, search and retrieval. The increasing use of the Semantic web has escalated the demand for competent ontologies. One way to check on the competency of an ontology is by use of competency questions to ascertain whether the ontological commitments are adequate to support its purpose of design. Thus, it is useful to have a competency evaluation supporting tool to assist an ontology engineer to perform this analytic task during the development of an ontology. At present, such support is noticeably weak. It led us to construct a semi-automated competency evaluation supporting tool for the popular Protege ontology editor. The tool, supported by a natural language program interface to the editor, is currently equipped with simple functions, but has demonstrated its potential as a dependable tool for performing the competency evaluation of web ontologies more effectively, in less time and with reduced effort.
GACA: Group-Aware Command-based Arrangement of Graphic Elements

Many graphic applications rely on command-based arrangement tools to achieve precise layouts. Traditional tools are designed to operate on a single group of elements that are distributed consistently with the arrangement axis implied by a command. This often demands a process with repeated element selections and arrangement commands to achieve 2D layouts involving multiple rows and/or columns of well aligned and/or distributed elements. Our work aims to reduce the numbers of selection operation and command invocation, since such reductions are particularly beneficial to professional designers who design lots of layouts. Our key idea is that an issued arrangement command is in fact very informative, instructing how to automatically decompose a 2D layout into multiple 1D groups, each of which is compatible with the command. We present a parameter-free, command-driven grouping approach so that users can easily predict our grouping results. We also design a simple user interface with pushpins to enable explicit control of grouping and arrangement. Our user study confirms the intuitiveness of our technique and its performance improvement over traditional command-based arrangement tools.
Low-loss, compact, and polarization independent PHASAR demultiplexer fabricated by using a double-etch process

A compact low-loss polarization independent 8 /spl times/ 8 PHASAR demultiplexer is presented. Device size is 0.93 /spl times/ 0.75 mm/sup 2/. On-chip losses are less than 4 dB and crosstalk is better than -20 dB. The device is suitable for integration with electro-optical switches for application in integrated optical crossconnects, add-drop multiplexers and multiwavelength lasers.
X-ray He-like ion diagnostics: New computations for photoionized plasmas II. Influence of different parameters

In a previous article, with a new code designed for a photoionized thick hot medium using a full transfer treatment of both lines and continuum, we have studied the He-like emission of a medium photoionized by an X-ray source. We considered the influence of density, ionization parameter and column density. We stressed that photoionized media are not uniform in temperature and we showed that photoexcitation and large column densities should be considered to avoid misinterpretation of the properties of the medium. To complete the possible situations observed in photoionized plasmas, we consider here the influence of microturbulence due for instance to a velocity gradient, of different element abundances, and of different ionizing spectral distributions. All new situations are computed using the same code, but with an improved version of our He-like atomic model. We give values of the G and R ratios, the equivalent width, and the ionic column densities with a greater accuracy than previously achieved. A large microturbulence results in a decrease of the G ratios for large column densities, for which the He-triplet resonant lines are optically thick. On the contrary, the R ratio is almost independent of the dispersion velocity and the element abundances, as long as the intercombination lines are optically thin. Through two "universal diagrams" not depending on any parameter, we also present a way to determine the ionization parameter and the total column density of the emitting regions from the temperature of the observed radiative recombination continuum of a given ion and its column density.
Neglected, Protected, Ejected: Latin American Women Caught by Crimmigration

The United States deported 24,870 women in 2013, mostly to Latin America. We examine life history interviews with Mexican and Central American women who were apprehended, detained, and experienced different outcomes. We find that norms of the “crimmigration era” override humanitarian concerns, such that the state treats migrants as criminals first and as persons with claims for relief second. Removal and relief decisions appear less dependent on eligibility than geography, access to legal aid, and public support. Women’s experiences parallel men’s but are often worsened by their gendered statuses. Far from passively accepting the violence of crimmigration, women resist through discourse and activism.
Sitter entropy from conformal field theory

We propose that the entropy of de Sitter space can be identified with the mutual entropy of a dual conformal field theory. We argue that unitary time evolution in de Sitter space restricts the total number of excited degrees of freedom to be bounded by the de Sitter entropy, and we give a CFT interpretation of this restriction. We also clarify issues arising from the fact that both de Sitter and anti de Sitter have dual descriptions in terms of conformal field theory.
Faces In The Crowd Individual Studies In Character And Politics

Thank you for reading faces in the crowd individual studies in character and politics. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this faces in the crowd individual studies in character and politics, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their computer.
Design of unity index flat LHM super resolution lens for near field millimeter-wave imaging applications

In this paper, the design of a novel left-handed metamaterial (LHM) lens for the super resolution mm-wave imaging applications is presented. The designed LHM lens exhibits negative unity refractive index for two adjacent bands centered at 33.5 GHz and 35 GHz, respectively. It is observed that the proposed LHM lens bends the EM wave in a way, which cannot usually be achieved with the conventional lens. It is also demonstrated here that when a flat LHM lens is placed in the vicinity of point source, the focusing phenomenon occurs. The simulation results of the electric field and the power distribution pattern confirm that the proposed LHM lens is able to provide quite focused beam along a particular direction thereby facilitating the super resolution imaging in the designated mm-wave bands.