Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning Nonparametric Relational Models by Conjugately Incorporating Node Information in a Network

Relational model learning is useful for numerous practical applications. Many algorithms have been proposed in recent years to tackle this important yet challenging problem. Existing algorithms utilize only binary directional link data to recover hidden network structures. However, there exists far richer and more meaningful information in other parts of a network which one can (and should) exploit. The attributes associated with each node, for instance, contain crucial information to help practitioners understand the underlying relationships in a network. For this reason, in this paper, we propose two models and their solutions, namely the node-information involved mixed-membership model and the node-information involved latent-feature model, in an effort to systematically incorporate additional node information. To effectively achieve this aim, node information is used to generate individual sticks of a stick-breaking process. In this way, not only can we avoid the need to prespecify the number of communities beforehand, the algorithm also encourages that nodes exhibiting similar information have a higher chance of assigning the same community membership. Substantial efforts have been made toward achieving the appropriateness and efficiency of these models, including the use of conjugate priors. We evaluate our framework and its inference algorithms using real-world data sets, which show the generality and effectiveness of our models in capturing implicit network structures.
CAMINAR ENTRE LUCHAS Y PRUEBAS: FUNCIONES PARADÓJICAS DE LA ENACCIÓN DEL ESPÍRITU SANTO EN EL CULTO PENTECOSTAL

This paper shows the paradoxical nature of the functions assumed by the enaction of the �Holy Spirit� in Pentecostal worship, as a means to manage grief and as a way to socialize resignation to what causes it. By enaction, we mean the process by which human action is imbued with meaning by bringing forth cognitive distinctions to life. Our analysis shows how ritual communication structure, characterized as �rhetoric of presence�, produces a bodily presence in which sacred representations find life in �their own flesh�. Pentecostals name this �the seal of Spirit�, which constitutes one of the distinctive features of their religiosity. The study of context in ritual communication, worshipper�s socio-biographical situations, and dominant topics in ritual plot, shows that one its main socio-psychological functions is to cope with human affliction. Worship helps to lessen states of anguish caused by life crisis, but also, and paradoxically, sometimes, reproduces it, making a causal circle where both affliction and charisma are feedbacked and powered each other
Hybridization of the Bridged Oligonucleotides with DNA: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies

Abstract Hybridization properties of oligonucleotides containing non-nucleotide inserts designed on the basis of synthetic abasic sites, oligomethylene diols or oligoethylene glycols have been characterized. The influence of the inserts which generate extrahelical anucleotidic bulges on thermodynamics, kinetics of hybridization of bridged oligonucleotide with DNA has been studied by UV-melting and stopped-flow techniques. Circular dichroism spectrometry data show that anucleotidic bulges in the middle of the duplex does not alter the B-form helix conformation. Nevertheless, the insert induces destabilization of the duplex structure, caused mostly by the considerable enhancement of the dissociation rates. Free energy increments for the extrahelical anucleotidic bulges can be described in the nearest-neighbor approximation. The thermodynamic effect of the insert lengthening obeys a simple Jacob- son-Stockmayer entropy extrapolation. Independently of the insert type, the free energy term is directly proportional to the logarithm of the number of bonds between the oligo- nucleotide fragments. The behavior of hydrophobic inserts formed by 10-hydroxydecyl-1-phospate units is an exception to the rule.
Infants Possess a System of Numerical Knowledge

which the manipulation of teacher expectations was quite plausible be cause teachers had known pupils only for 2 weeks or less, 9 studies show positive effects (i.e., 90%, compared with Snow's 56%). Simi larly, Snow reports the median effect size (cf) for all 18 studies as . 035, or . 025 omitting the Pygmalion study. For the 10 studies of the more plau sibly manipulated expectancies, the median effect size was . 195, or . 18 omitting the Pygmalion study. In an updated analysis of 19 studies of teacher expectancy effects,5 Rau denbush estimates that the expected effect size (d) for studies having no prior teacher-pupil contact is . 43, a substantial effect 3 to 6 times larger than the effects of aspirin described in my article6 on which Snow is commenting. Snow refers to the original Pyg malion study7 as "discredited. " But that should no longer be the issue. Even if Lenore Jacobson and I had never conducted our experiment, there are now too many new studies for even committed criticisms of dis liked results to make the basic con clusion go away: Teachers' expecta tions can affect pupils' intellectual functioning. Science is the loser when new data have no effect on prior belief.
The Wisdom of Tradition in the Development of Dry-land Farming: Botswana

The present understanding of small-farm economies amongst Western aid donors consists of the belief that small-scale producers can be viewed as firms operating in an economic equilibrium of (1) constant technology, (2) constant output choices, (3) use of production factors as a function of their marginal productivity, (4) factor allocation at Pareto optimum, and (5) constant, necessary low productivity. The general presumption for raising the production function is deemed necessarily to consist of "technology transfer" and "institutional innovation. " Case study material from small farms in Botswana show that (1) the prevalent micro-economic imputations listed above are seriously flawed and ideologically motivated: (2) technology transfer effected in Botswana is both "unprofitable" and destructive of numerous indigenous institutions: and (3) most importantly, the indigenous agricultural regime is capable of considerably greater production with changes in crop management practices and minor changes in the e.
Pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with recommendations for its use. Report of the European Respiratory Society Rehabilitation and Chronic Care Scientific Group (S.E.P.C.R. Rehabilitation Working Group)

Although smoking, the major risk factor for COPD, seems to be declining in the Western World, its consequences will last for decades. The last 30 years have seen widespread efforts to define the components and role of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD patients; the task for the 1990's will be an extensive multidisciplinary application of scientific principles to pulmonary rehabilitation. In this perspective the empiric approach will be replaced by therapeutic principles aimed to achieve specific benefits for the individual patient, and to define the role of potential outcomes of pulmonary rehabilitation. Decreased mortality and morbidity may seem to be the most important outcome of a rehabilitation programme, but other issues such as physical and mental health, social and role functioning and perception of wellbeing can play a pivotal role to the individual response of a patient enrolled in a long-term rehabilitative programme. The effects of pulmonary rehabili tation on mortality will probably never be elucidated conclusively because the answer would require studies on large populations for many years in comparison to a control group. Pulmonary rehabilitation aims to restore patients to an independent, productive and satisfying life and prevent further clinical deterioration to the maximum extent compatible with the stage of the disease. This goal may be accomplished, without materiaiJy improving lung function, by helping the patients to become more aware of their disease, more actively involved in their own health care and more independent in performing daily care activities, attempting to reverse the disability from disease. Optimum drug therapy and smoking cessation are essential pre-requisites. An understanding of the
Mutations of the p 53 Gene in Adult T-cell Leukemia

The p53 tumor suppressor gene was examined by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA from fresh tumor cells of 10 patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). Samples included nine patients with acute or lymphomatous ATL, and one patient in whom samples were examined in both his acute and chronic stages of ATL. Four missense mutations and one silent point mutation in the coding region of the p53 gene were found in cells from five patients with either acute or lymphomatous ATL. The mis-
Vav1 Transduces T Cell Receptor Signals to the Activation of the Ras/ERK Pathway via LAT, Sos, and RasGRP1*

Vav1 is a signaling protein required for both positive and negative selection of CD4+CD8+ double positive thymocytes. Activation of the ERK MAPK pathway is also required for positive selection. Previous work has shown that Vav1 transduces T cell receptor (TCR) signals leading to an intracellular calcium flux. We now show that in double positive thymocytes Vav1 is required for TCR-induced activation of the ERK1 and ERK2 kinases via a pathway involving the Ras GTPase, and B-Raf, MEK1, and MEK2 kinases. Furthermore, we show that Vav1 transduces TCR signals to Ras by controlling the membrane recruitment of two guanine nucleotide exchange factors. First, Vav1 transduces signals via phospholipase Cγ1 leading to the membrane recruitment of RasGRP1. Second, Vav1 is required for recruitment of Sos1 and -2 to the transmembrane adapter protein LAT. Finally, we show that Vav1 is required for TCR-induced LAT phosphorylation, a key event for the activation of both phospholipase Cγ1 and Sos1/2. We propose that reduced LAT phosphorylation is the key reason for defective TCR-induced calcium flux and ERK activation in Vav1-deficient cells.
RNA-Based Investigation of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea in Hot Springs of Yunnan Province, China

ABSTRACT Using RNA-based techniques and hot spring samples collected from Yunnan Province, China, we show that the amoA gene of aerobic ammonia-oxidizing archaea can be transcribed at temperatures higher than 74°C and up to 94°C, suggesting that archaeal nitrification can potentially occur at near boiling temperatures.
Geometric Morphometrics of Rodent Sperm Head Shape

Mammalian spermatozoa, particularly those of rodent species, are extremely complex cells and differ greatly in form and dimensions. Thus, characterization of sperm size and, particularly, sperm shape represents a major challenge. No consensus exists on a method to objectively assess size and shape of spermatozoa. In this study we apply the principles of geometric morphometrics to analyze rodent sperm head morphology and compare them with two traditional morphometry methods, that is, measurements of linear dimensions and dimensions-derived parameters calculated using formulae employed in sperm morphometry assessments. Our results show that geometric morphometrics clearly identifies shape differences among rodent spermatozoa. It is also capable of discriminating between size and shape and to analyze these two variables separately. Thus, it provides an accurate method to assess sperm head shape. Furthermore, it can identify which sperm morphology traits differ between species, such as the protrusion or retraction of the base of the head, the orientation and relative position of the site of flagellum insertion, the degree of curvature of the hook, and other distinct anatomical features and appendices. We envisage that the use of geometric morphometrics may have a major impact on future studies focused on the characterization of sperm head formation, diversity of sperm head shape among species (and underlying evolutionary forces), the effects of reprotoxicants on changes in cell shape, and phenotyping of genetically-modified individuals.
GhostDB: querying visible and hidden data without leaks

Imagine that you have been entrusted with private data, such as corporate product information, sensitive government information, or symptom and treatment information about hospital patients. You may want to issue queries whose result will combine private and public data, but private data must not be revealed. GhostDB is an architecture and system to achieve this. You carry private data in a smart USB key (a large Flash persistent store combined with a tamper and snoop-resistant CPU and small RAM). When the key is plugged in, you can issue queries that link private and public data and be sure that the only information revealed to a potential spy is which queries you pose. Queries linking public and private data entail novel distributed processing techniques on extremely unequal devices (standard computer and smart USB key). This paper presents the basic framework to make this all work intuitively and efficiently.
How do we grasp (virtual) objects in three-dimensional space?

Kerstin Stockmeier , Heinrich H. Bülthoff , Volker H. Franz ; email: kerstin.stockmeier@tuebingen.mpg. de Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany Introduction Virtual realities can be a useful tool for psychophysical experiments. The experimenter is enabled to fully control the haptic and visual parameters of the simulated objects. For example, he is enabled to easily vary objects after movement onset and therefore to explore the mechanisms of online control in visually guided movements. While grasping real objects, a well studied parameter to quantify the grasp is the maximum grip aperture (MGA) (cf. Jeannerod, 1981, 1984). The MGA scales linearly with the object size and with a slope less than 1 (app. 0.82, Smeets & Brenner, 1999). In this Experiment, the size and position in 3D-space of a virtual disc was varied. We were interested in the question whether participants scale their MGA according to the object size and if the object position in 3D-space influences the MGA. Stimuli and Procedure
Bringing simulation to engineers in the field: a Web 2.0 approach

Field engineers working on water distribution systems have to implement day-to-day operational decisions. Since pipe networks are highly interconnected, the effects of such decisions are correlated with hydraulic and water quality conditions elsewhere in the network. This makes the provision of predictive decision support tools (DSTs) for field engineers critical to optimizing the engineering work on the network. We describe how we created DSTs to run on lightweight mobile devices by using the Web 2.0 technique known as Software as a Service. We designed our system following the architectural style of representational state transfer. The system not only displays static geographical information system data for pipe networks, but also dynamic information and prediction of network state, by invoking and displaying the results of simulations running on more powerful remote resources.
PMD stability in small-core photonic crystal fiber during mechanical and thermal tests

The influence of mechanical factors: twisting, bending and temperature on polarization parameters, in particular the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has been experimentally investigated. The PCF used was a highly nonlinear, highly birefringent fiber with small GeO2 doped core. It has shown a greatly superior stability of PMD in comparison to conventional telecom single-mode fibers, including PANDA and Bow-Tie birefringent fibers. Such properties are useful for several applications where introduction of controlled optical birefringence into fiber link is required, e.g. calibration of PMD test equipment.
Annual life-stage regulation of lipid metabolism and storage and association with PPARs in a migrant species: the gray catbird (Dumetella carolinensis)

ABSTRACT The annual cycle of a migrating bird involves metabolically distinct stages of substantial fatty acid storage and periods of increased fatty acid mobilization and utilization, and thus requires a great deal of phenotypic flexibility. Specific mechanisms directing stage transitions of lipid metabolism in migrants are largely unknown. This study characterized the role of the PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) in regulating migratory adiposity of the gray catbird (Dumetella carolinensis). Catbirds increased adipose storage during spring and autumn migration and showed increased rates of basal lipolysis during migration and tropical overwintering. Expression of the PPAR target genes involved in fat uptake and storage, FABPpm and PLIN3, increased during pre-migratory fattening. We found significant correlation between PPARγ and target gene expression in adipose but little evidence that PPARα expression levels drive metabolic regulation in liver during the migratory cycle. Summary: Changes in energetics related to the migratory cycle span organismal, tissue and molecular endpoints, and these seasonal adjustments involve the PPAR family of nuclear receptors and their target genes.
The Oxidative Stress Agent Hypochlorite Stimulates c-di-GMP Synthesis and Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is able to survive under a variety of often harmful environmental conditions due to a multitude of intrinsic and adaptive resistance mechanisms, including biofilm formation as one important survival strategy. Here, we investigated the adaptation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 to hypochlorite (HClO), a phagocyte-derived host defense compound and frequently used disinfectant. In static biofilm assays, we observed a significant enhancement in initial cell attachment in the presence of sublethal HClO concentrations. Subsequent LC-MS analyses revealed a strong increase in cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) levels suggesting a key role of this second messenger in HClO-induced biofilm development. Using DNA microarrays, we identified a 26-fold upregulation of ORF PA3177 coding for a putative diguanylate cyclase (DGC), which catalyzes the synthesis of the second messenger c-di-GMP – an important regulator of bacterial motility, sessility and persistence. This DGC PA3177 was further characterized in more detail demonstrating its impact on P. aeruginosa motility and biofilm formation. In addition, cell culture assays attested a role for PA3177 in the response of P. aeruginosa to human phagocytes. Using a subset of different mutants, we were able to show that both Pel and Psl exopolysaccharides are effectors in the PA3177-dependent c-di-GMP network.
An intact NEDD8 pathway is required for Cullin‐dependent ubiquitylation in mammalian cells

Skp1‐Cdc53/Cul1‐F‐box (SCF) complexes constitute a class of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Recently, a multiprotein complex containing pVHL, elongin C and Cul2 (VEC) was shown to structurally and functionally resemble SCF complexes. Cdc53 and the Cullins can become covalently linked to the ubiquitin‐like molecule Rub1/NEDD8. Inhibition of neddylation inhibits SCF function in vitro and in yeast and plants. Here we show that ongoing neddylation is likewise required for VEC function in vitro and for the degradation of SCF and VEC targets in mammalian cells. Thus, neddylation regulates the activity of two specific subclasses of mammalian ubiquitin ligases.
Towards a transformative food politics

Alternative food initiatives (AFIs) aim to challenge the corporate-led, industrial food system by attempting to develop viable localised solutions. However, critics have highlighted the way unreflexive and uncritical actions by AFIs have resulted in their cooptation and the reproduction of economic exploitation and political oppression. In this paper, I argue that changing the current food system demands a transformative orientation, which in turn requires understanding and addressing the root of current challenges through the interrelated perspectives of social justice, ecological sustainability, community health and democratic governance. I outline a framework for a transformative food politics by elaborating on critiques from within activist and academic literatures and suggest a path forward for the evolving food movement. This framework is described by three interrelated elements: (1) the transition to collective subjectivities; (2) a whole food system approach and (3) a politics of reflexive localisation. This framework could be used by AFIs as a tool for reflection and critical engagement in food system transformation. Finally, I draw on three cases, SunRoot EcoSolidarity Association, The Stop Community Food Centre and Local Food Plus to highlight how these elements are being applied in practice.
Practical Global Illumination for Hair Rendering

Both hair rendering and global illumination are known to be computationally expensive, and for this reason we see very few examples using global illumination techniques in hair rendering. In this paper, we elaborate on different simplification approaches to allow practical global illumination solutions for high quality hair rendering. We categorize light paths of a full global illumination solution, and analyze their costs and illumination contributions both theoretically and experimentally. We also propose two different implementation techniques using our novel projection based indirect illumination computation approach and state of the art ray tracing for hair. Our results show that by using our simplifications, a global illumination solution for hair is practical.
Heterogeneity in Urban Park Use of Aging Visitors: A Latent Class Analysis

This study describes and predicts urban parks use patterns for various age groups, with specific attention to the growing group of older adults. Park use intensity of various age groups is described. Subsequently, a multinomial logit model is estimated to describe urban park choice as a function of park features, activities, and socio-demographics. To identify segments in park use patterns of aging visitors a latent class model is estimated. Data are collected from a sample of 1,107 residents of the Eindhoven region in The Netherlands in 2002. The results indicate that age significantly affects park choice behavior. Specifically, four segments of older visitors were identified that clearly differed in their park use patterns: active health oriented users, active socially oriented users, passive local users, and moderate users.