Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a large-scale prospective observational study with alogliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes: J-BRAND Registry

Introduction Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors including alogliptin are categorised as a newer class of oral hypoglycaemic, antidiabetic drugs to suppress the degradation of incretin hormones ((glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)) by DPP-4. We have scheduled a large-scale, multicentre, prospective, observational study (Japan-Based clinical ReseArch Network for Diabetes Registry: J-BRAND Registry) to construct an extensive database over a long-term clinical course in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs) and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of alogliptin in Japanese population. Methods and analysis 20 000 patients with type 2 diabetes will be registered into two groups of 10 000 each: group A patients will be treated with alogliptin, while group B patients will be treated with non-DPP-4 inhibitor OHA(s). Approximately 300 institutions nationwide will enrol and assign eligible patients equally to either group. Each patient's data will be collected every 6 months for a 3-year period, during which time treatment with OHA(s) may be changed or discontinued, as per package insert for each OHA. Primary end points are safety variables to be compared between the two groups and their subgroups, with respect to hypoglycaemia, pancreatitis, skin disorders, infections and cancer. Secondary end points are efficacy variables including from-baseline changes of A1c, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and urinary albumin, which will be compared between groups/subgroups. New onset and progression of microangiopathy will also be evaluated against OHA(s). Overall, the J-BRAND Registry will evaluate the safety and efficacy of antidiabetic OHA(s) including alogliptin, based on a large-scale database. Ethics and dissemination This study will be conducted with the highest respect for individual participants according to this protocol, the Declaration of Helsinki, the Ethical Guidelines for Clinical Research (Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 2008) and relevant laws/regulations. The present study will construct a valuable database of patients with type 2 diabetes treated with OHA(s) including alogliptin. Trial registration number UMIN000007976.
Optimizing Transliteration for Hindi/Marathi to English Using only Two Weights

A BSTRACT Machine transliteration has received significant research attention in last two decades. It is observed that Hindi to English and Marathi to English named entity machine transliteration is comparably less studied. Currently, research work in this domain is carried out by using grapheme based statistical approaches. But, to achieve better accuracy for the transliteration, an adequate bilingual text corpus is a mandatory requirement for statistical approaches. This paper focuses on Hindi to English and Marathi to English direct machine transliteration of Indian-origin named entities such as proper names, place names and organization names. Proposed phonetic based statistical approach uses phoneme and named entity length as features for supervised learning and transliterates them in English using full consonant based phonetic scheme without support of corpus. This system takes Indian origin named entities as an input in Hindi and Marathi using Devanagari script and transliterates it into English by using only two weights.
Congestion Avoidance and Control Mechanism for Multi-paths Routing in WSN

For solving the issue of congestion in WSN (wireless sensor network), proposed a congestion avoidance and control mechanism for multiple paths routing protocol (MR-CACM), which integrates fairness, status of congestion and level of energy. Consequently the network can avoid congestion by assigning traffic to different paths. When congestion is occurred, it can help to detect congestion by using the values of transmitting capacity and alleviate congestion by reassigning traffic. The results of simulations validate MR-CACM can avoid and alleviate congestion, and has reasonable effects of reliability, low energy consumption and high throughout.
Largescale models for dynamic multicommodity capacitated facility location

In this paper we focus on the strategic design of supply chain networks. We propose a mathematical modeling framework that captures many practical aspects of network design problems simultaneously but which have not received adequate attention in the literature. The aspects considered include: dynamic planning horizon, generic supply chain network structure, external supply of materials, inventory opportunities for goods, distribution of commodities, facility configuration, availability of capital for investments, and storage limitations. Moreover, network configuration decisions concerning the gradual relocation of facilities over the planning horizon are considered. To cope with fluctuating demands, capacity expansion and reduction scenarios are also analyzed as well as modular capacity shifts. The relation of the proposed modeling framework with existing models is discussed. For problems of reasonable size we report on our computational experience with standard mathematical programming software. In particular, useful insights on the impact of various factors on network design decisions are provided.
Relationship between neural response and adaptation selectivity to form and color: an ERP study

Adaptation is widely used as a tool for studying selectivity to visual features. In these studies it is usually assumed that the loci of feature selective neural responses and adaptation coincide. We used an adaptation paradigm to investigate the relationship between response and adaptation selectivity in event-related potentials (ERPs). ERPs were evoked by the presentation of colored Glass patterns in a form discrimination task. Response selectivities to form and, to some extent, color of the patterns were reflected in the C1 and N1 ERP components. Adaptation selectivity to color was reflected in N1 and was followed by a late (300–500 ms after stimulus onset) effect of form adaptation. Thus for form, response and adaptation selectivity were manifested in non-overlapping intervals. These results indicate that adaptation and response selectivity can be associated with different processes. Therefore, inferring selectivity from an adaptation paradigm requires analysis of both adaptation and neural response data.
GBPM: GRID-based pharmacophore model: concept and application studies to protein-protein recognition

MOTIVATION Automatic procedures to obtain pharmacophore models from experimentally determined macromolecular complexes can help in the drug discovery process, especially when protein-protein recognition plays an important biological role. RESULTS The GRID-based pharmacophore model (GBPM) is a fully objective method for defining most relevant interaction areas in complexes deriving pharmacophore models from three-dimensional (3D) molecular structure information. It is based on logical and clustering operations with 3D maps computed by the GRID program on structurally known molecular complexes. In this manuscript we describe the concept and discuss application examples regarding protein-protein recognition. In particular two complexes selected in the Protein Data Bank have been tested to evaluate the GBPM capability to identify interaction areas. The results obtained show the capabilities of this new bioinformatic method.
Monitoring Physiological Changes in Haloarchaeal Cell during Virus Release

The slow rate of adsorption and non-synchronous release of some archaeal viruses have hindered more thorough analyses of the mechanisms of archaeal virus release. To address this deficit, we utilized four viruses that infect Haloarcula hispanica that represent the four virion morphotypes currently known for halophilic euryarchaeal viruses: (1) icosahedral internal membrane-containing SH1; (2) icosahedral tailed HHTV-1; (3) spindle-shaped His1; and (4) pleomorphic His2. To discern the events occurring as the progeny viruses exit, we monitored culture turbidity, as well as viable cell and progeny virus counts of infected and uninfected cultures. In addition to these traditional metrics, we measured three parameters associated with membrane integrity: the binding of the lipophilic anion phenyldicarbaundecaborane, oxygen consumption, and both intra- and extra-cellular ATP levels.
Are Share Price Levels Informative? Evidence from the Ownership, Pricing, Turnover, and Performance of IPO Firms

We ask whether a firm's choice of IPO price is informative in the sense that it relates systematically to the firm's other choices and characteristics. We find that both institutional ownership and underwriter reputation increases monotonically with the chosen IPO price level. We also find that the relationship between IPO price and underpricing is U-shaped. In contrast, post-IPO turnover displays an inverted U-shaped relation to IPO price. Moreover, firms choosing a higher (lower) stock price level experience lower (higher) mortality rates. Our results are robust to controls for market liquidity and firm size, and for partial adjustment of IPO prices based on pre-market information.
Nonneutral Evolution of Organelle Genes in Silene vulgaris

Knowledge of mitochondrial gene evolution in angiosperms has taken a dramatic shift within the past decade, from universal slow rates of nucleotide change to a growing realization of high variation in rates among lineages. Additionally, evidence of paternal inheritance of plant mitochondria and recombination among mitochondrial genomes within heteroplasmic individuals has led to speculation about the potential for independent evolution of organellar genes. We report intraspecific mitochondrial and chloroplast sequence variation in a cosmopolitan sample of 42 Silene vulgaris individuals. There was remarkably high variation in two mitochondrial genes (atp1, atp9) and additional variation within a third gene (cob). Tests for patterns of nonneutral evolution were significant for atp1 and atp9, indicative of the maintenance of balanced polymorphisms. Two chloroplast genes (matK, ndhF) possessed less, but still high, variation and no divergence from neutral expectations. Phylogenetic patterns of organelle genes in both the chloroplast and mitochondria were incongruent, indicating the potential for independent evolutionary trajectories. Evidence indicated reassociation among cytoplasmic genomes and recombination between mitochondrial genes and within atp1, implying transient heteroplasmy in ancestral lineages. Although the mechanisms for long-term maintenance of mitochondrial polymorphism are currently unknown, frequency-dependent selection on linked cytoplasmic male sterility genes is a potential candidate.
Header Compression Scheme for Wireless Communications

A video coding standard with high compression efficiency should have minimum redundancy in the coded bit stream. However, in certain scenario and in particular with small slice sizes, there is significant redundancy in form of overheads in the existing coding standards MPEG-4 and H.264. A similar idea of shortened NAL unit header has been recently proposed in the JVT meeting [1]. For small NALU sizes, the overheads may occupy more than half of the video data. Furthermore, large header information renders the video more susceptible to channel errors. This paper presents a new approach to video compression that removes most of the problems associated with the excess syntax. It takes inspiration from protocol header compression schemes [2]. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique, H.264 headers are analysed, and an H.264 header compression scheme is tested using a simulated UMTS channel. The results show up to 5 dBs gain in video quality can be achieved using the proposed scheme.
Coding against spreading gain optimisation of nonbinary BCH coded CDMA system

The joint analytical optimisation of the spreading gain and coding gain of nonbinary BCH coded CDMA communication systems is considered in both single-cell and multi-cell scenarios. Furthermore, two types of detectors were employed, namely the minimum mean square error multiuser detector and the classic single-user matched filter detector. It is shown that the optimum coding rate varied over a wide range.
Measuring Prospective Motor Control in Action Development

This article critically reviews kinematic measures of prospective motor control. Prospective motor control, the ability to anticipatorily adjust movements with respect to task demands and action goals, is an important process involved in action planning. In manual object manipulation tasks, prospective motor control has been studied in various ways, mainly using motion tracking. For this matter, it is crucial to pinpoint the early part of the movement that purely reflects prospective (feed-forward) processes, but not feedback influences from the unfolding movement. One way of defining this period is to rely on a fixed time criterion; another is to base it flexibly on the inherent structure of each movement itself. Velocity—as one key characteristic of human movement—offers such a possibility and describes the structure of movements in a meaningful way. Here, I argue for the latter way of investigating prospective motor control by applying the measure of peak velocity of the first movement unit. I further .
Rethinking time: Implications for well‐being

Time is the medium in which we live. Psychologically, time contextualizes our thoughts as they reach into the future, absorb the present, or reflect on the past, and it becomes the material of our thoughts as we anxiously manage our daily schedules. Behaviorally, time manifests as a resource that plays into the decisions we make for how to save it or spend it, thereby determining the substance of our hours, days, and ultimately lives. Although time is central to people’s lives (Bhattacharjee & Mogilner, 2014; Mogilner & Norton, 2016; Sellier & Avnet, 2014), consumer researchers have traditionally focused on the purchasing of material goods and on money as the key resource to do so (e.g., Belk, 1985, 1988; Richins, 1994; Richins & Dawson, 1992). In this tradition, time is typically viewed as relevant to the extent it influences or reflects the decision processes driving material purchases (Jacoby, Szybillo, & Berning, 1976). More recently, however, the construct of time has received growing attention with work showing that, although time and money share some similarities, consumers treat these two resources differently (e.g., DeVoe & Pfeffer, 2007, 2011; Festjens & Janiszewski, 2015; Hershfield, Mogilner, & Barnea, 2016; Leclerc, Schmitt, & Dube, 1995; Monga & Saini, 2009; Okada & Hoch, 2004; Saini & Monga, 2008; Soman, 2001; Soster, Monga, & Bearden, 2010; Spiller, 2011; Whillans & Dunn, 2015; Zauberman & Lynch, 2005). Most notably, time (and the way people choose to spend it) serves as a clearer reflection of one’s self and is thus more connected to happiness than is money (Gino & Mogilner, 2014; Hershfield et al., 2016; Liu & Aaker, 2008; Mogilner, 2010; Mogilner & Aaker, 2009; Whillans, Weidman, & Dunn, 2016). Despite its intimate relevance to individuals’ lives and despite its enormity and perpetual force, time generally only becomes the focus of people’s attention when it feels scarce (Carstensen, 2006; Mullainathan & Shafir, 2013). It is from feeling that there are too few hours in the day that people view their behavior as tradeoffs (Shah, Mullainathan, & Shafir, 2012; Shah, Shafir, & Mullainathan, 2015; DOI: 10.1002/arcp.1003
Group awareness: where, what and with whom – in search of taxonomy for cooperative visualization tools

This paper presents a simple classification for selected visualization tools meant for cooperative settings. The main division is made by dividing the tools into two classes, namely document and user -oriented and then pondering the qualities of the example tools against this framework. On the basis of the taxonomy, we found that attention should be paid to the following properties when developing visualizing tools: orientation, analysis features and how to choose data to be visualized.
Optimum power allocation for transmit diversity in mobile communications

Spatial transmit diversity systems in mobile communications utilize either different antennas, polarization, or beams. Whereas separated antennas carry the same power on average, the average channel gain might vary for different polarizations or beams. Thus, the optimum tradeoff between channel gain and diversity gain has to be found. It is important to determine which allocation of the limited transmit power over the available transmit diversity branches is optimum. As optimization criterion, the outage capacity is applied for a given outage probability level. By means of numerical optimization techniques, the optimum power allocation is derived for frequency Rayleigh fading. The numerical results show that diversity branches with higher channel gain are always allocated more power, i.e. a poor channel gain is not compensated by the transmit power. Furthermore, the performance of an even power allocation over the optimum set of transmit diversity branches is very near to the optimum power allocation.
Different AMPA receptor subtypes mediate the distinct kinetic components of a biphasic EPSC in hippocampal interneurons

CA1 hippocampal interneurons at the border between stratum radiatum (SR) and stratum lacunosum-moleculare (SLM) have AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) that consist of two distinct phases: a typical fast component (FC), and a highly unusual slow component (SC) that persists for hundreds of milliseconds. To determine whether these kinetically distinct components of the EPSC are mediated by distinct AMPAR subpopulations, we examined the relative contributions of GluA2-containing and—lacking AMPARs to the SC. GluA2-containing AMPARs mediated the majority of the FC whereas GluA2-lacking AMPARs preferentially generated the SC. When glutamate uptake through the glial glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT1) was inhibited, spill over-mediated AMPAR activation recruited an even slower third kinetic component that persisted for several seconds; however, this spillover-mediated current was mediated predominantly by GluA2-containing AMPARs and therefore was clearly distinct from the SC when uptake is intact. Thus, different AMPAR subpopulations that vary in GluA2 content mediate the distinct components of the AMPAR EPSC. The SC is developmentally downregulated in mice, declining after the second postnatal week. This downregulation affects both GluA2-containing and GluA2-lacking AMPARs mediating the SC, and is not accompanied by developmental changes in the GluA2 content of AMPARs underlying the FC. Thus, the downregulation of the SC appears to be independent of synaptic GluA2 expression, suggesting the involvement of another AMPAR subunit or an auxiliary protein. Our results therefore identify GluA2-dependent and GluA2-independent determinants of the SC: GluA2-lacking AMPARs preferentially contribute to the SC, while the developmental downregulation of the SC is independent of GluA2 content.
Importance of cardiovascular disease risk management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is commonly accompanied by other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, CVD is the most common cause of death in people with T2DM. It is therefore of critical importance to minimize the risk of macrovascular complications by carefully managing modifiable CVD risk factors in patients with T2DM. Therapeutic strategies should include lifestyle and pharmacological interventions targeting hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, and prothrombotic factors. This article discusses the impact of modifying these CVD risk factors in the context of T2DM; the clinical evidence is summarized, and current guidelines are also discussed. The cardiovascular benefits of smoking cessation, increasing physical activity, and reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure are well established. For aspirin therapy, any cardiovascular benefits must be balanced against the associated bleeding risk, with current evidence supporting this strategy only in certain patients who are at increased CVD risk. Although overweight, obesity, and hyperglycemia are clearly associated with increased cardiovascular risk, the effect of their modification on this risk is less well defined by available clinical trial evidence. However, for glucose-lowering drugs, further evidence is expected from several ongoing cardiovascular outcome trials. Taken together, the evidence highlights the value of early intervention and targeting multiple risk factors with both lifestyle and pharmacological strategies to give the best chance of reducing macrovascular complications in the long term.
Causality in Atrial Fibrillation determined by transfer entropy

High level of complexity makes characterization of wave conduction during Atrial Fibrillation (AF) very difficult. Here we aim to use statistical approach characterizing AF as a system with determined information flow using a concept of transfer entropy. Left and right atrial 60 s electrograms were recorded at high right atrium (HRA), coronary sinus (CS) and Left Atrial Appendage (LAA) in 42 patients undergoing catheter ablation of AF. Transfer entropy (TE) was used to asses causality calculating direction and extent of information flow between neighboring sites in the atria. TE was calculated between electrograms recorded along each catheter. Additionally, numerical analysis were performed on a set of unidirectionally coupled stochastic signals modeling electrical activity during AF. We found an asymmetry in information flow along the catheters. In HRA catheter, in general, information flows from proximal to distal portion of the catheter and in CS from the distal towards the proximal portion. The dominant flow of information from the base into the LAA was the most pronounced and in agreement with believed passive role of LAA in maintenance of AF. Information flow in the atria during AF is asymmetric and it is possible to determine the direction of the flow using concept of entropy transfer.
Combining Static Analysis and Simulation to Speed up Cache Performance Evaluation of Programs

This paper presents a new method for cache performance evaluation of programs. The method is especially suitable for programs using dynamic memory allocation. For such programs, static analysis methods are fast, but often not sufficiently accurate. On the other hand, traditional memory simulations are accurate, but slow. The new method combines the benefits of static analysis and simulation. Often, data transfers between main memory and cache memory cause the dominating performance bottlenecks. We must locate the bottlenecks of a subject program to improve its performance. This can be done by simulating the cache behavior of the subject program. Typically, the subject program is augmented with commands for a memory simulator. The new method is based on integrated simulation, partial evaluation, and program slicing. Because of memory access patterns of typical programs, the augmented simulation code can be partially evaluated during compilation of the integrated simulation program. Program slicing is used to remove the computations of the subject program that are not needed in the cache simulation. The new method can reduce the time needed in cache performance evaluations without losing accuracy of the results.