Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Human Centered Framework for Information Security Management: A Healthcare Perspective

Research on the human element of information security is fragmented at best. This paper presents a management framework for organizations in the health care industry who wish to improve their information security procedures in an effort to comply with HIPAA and other regulations. The emphasis is on securing an organization from internal threats by adequately educating employees and building an organizational culture where security initiatives are valued and respected. The premise of the paper is that a cultural approach is the only way to gain the versatile security environment needed to comply with regulations as vast and complex as HIPAA. We argue that this framework demands that empirical data be collected through careful industry research with health care providers so as to prove the real world value of its application.
IMPACT OF GRID BASED ORMT ON VARIOUS CASE STUDIES

Optimal Resource management Techniques (ORMT) will provide an efficient Grid Resource allocation automatically for a user who is submitting the job without grid knowledge, design a Grid service (portal) for selects the Best Fault tolerant Resource for a given task in a fast and efficient manner, and provide an Enhanced grid balancing system for multi-tasking. Best QOS (Quality of Service) parameters are important role in all RMT. Proposed ORMT use the greater number of QOS Parameters for better enhancement of existing RMT in the various Case studies or grid services.
Uropathic Observations in Mice Expressing a Constitutively Active Point Mutation in the 5-HT3A Receptor Subunit

Mutant mice with a hypersensitive serotonin (5-HT)3A receptor were generated through targeted exon replacement. A valine to serine mutation (V13′S) in the channel-lining M2 domain of the 5-HT3A receptor subunit rendered the 5-HT3 receptor ∼70-fold more sensitive to serotonin and produced constitutive activity when combined with the 5-HT3B subunit. Mice homozygous for the mutant allele (5-HT3Avs/vs) had decreased levels of 5-HT3A mRNA. Measurements on sympathetic ganglion cells in these mice showed that whole-cell serotonin responses were reduced, and that the remaining 5-HT3 receptors were hypersensitive. Male 5-HT3Avs/vs mice died at 2-3 months of age, and heterozygous (5-HT3Avs/+) males and homozygous mutant females died at 4-6 months of age from an obstructive uropathy. Both male and female 5-HT3A mutant mice had urinary bladder mucosal and smooth muscle hyperplasia and hypertrophy, whereas male mutant mice had additional prostatic smooth muscle and urethral hyperplasia. 5-HT3A mutant mice had marked voiding dysfunction characterized by a loss of micturition contractions with overflow incontinence. Detrusor strips from 5-HT3Avs/vs mice failed to contract to neurogenic stimulation, despite overall normal responses to a cholinergic agonist, suggestive of altered neuronal signaling in mutant mouse bladders. Consistent with this hypothesis, decreased nerve fiber immunoreactivity was observed in the urinary bladders of 5-HT3Avs/vs compared with 5-HT3A wild-type (5-HT3A+/+) mice. These data suggest that persistent activation of the hypersensitive and constitutively active 5-HT3A receptor in vivo may lead to excitotoxic neuronal cell death and functional changes in the urinary bladder, resulting in bladder hyperdistension, urinary retention, and overflow incontinence.
A new distributed topology discovery technology for IPv6 networks

Most existed distributed topology discovery applications deploy multiple probing hosts throughout the network. Paths are then probed from the individual points and the data later is unified into a single topology graph. This approach relies on the ability to deploy probing hosts throughout the network, which in many cases is not possible. This paper presents MTAS (multi tunnel access system), a system which deploys probing hosts in a single IPv4 subnet. Each probing host creates an IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel to reach an ISATAP (intra-site automatic tunnel addressing protocol) or 6to4 relay router which distributed in the world and provides service for public. In MTAS, ISATAP and 6 to 4 relay routers just work like probing springboards distributed in different location for IPv6 network topology discovery, so MTAS is a handy distributed application. To avoid retracing the same trace route paths, MTAS system deploys a middle database to store the collected path. The authors also present some preliminary test results from probing CERNET2, the largest native IPv6 network in China. And the test results illustrate the effectiveness of MTAS.
Focused ultrasound modulates the level of cortical neurotransmitters: Potential as a new functional brain mapping technique

Regional modulation of the level of cortical neurotransmitters in the brain would serve as a new functional brain mapping technique to interrogate the neurochemical actions of the brain. We investigated the utility of the application of low‐intensity, pulsed sonication of focused ultrasound (FUS) to the brain to modulate the extracellular level of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5‐HT). FUS was delivered to the thalamic areas of rats, and extracellular DA and 5‐HT were sampled from the frontal lobe using the microdialysis technique. The concentration changes of the sampled DA and 5‐HT were measured through high‐performance liquid chromatography. We observed a significant increase of the extracellular concentrations of DA and 5‐HT in the FUS‐treated group as compared with those in the unsonicated group. Our results provide the first direct evidence that FUS sonication alters the level of extracellular concentration of these monoamine neurotransmitters and has a potential modulatory effect on their local release, uptake, or degradation. Our findings suggest that the pulsed application of FUS offers new perspectives for a possible noninvasive modulation of neurotransmitters and may have diagnostic as well as therapeutic implications for DA/5‐HT‐mediated neurological and psychiatric disorders. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 21, 232–240, 2011
Lynx1 Shifts α4β2 Nicotinic Receptor Subunit Stoichiometry by Affecting Assembly in the Endoplasmic Reticulum*

Background: lynx1 reduces sensitivity of α4β2 nAChRs in vitro and also reduces nicotinic responses in vivo. Results: The GPI protein, lynx1, affects α4/α4 dimer formation in the ER, altering plasma membrane α4β2 stoichiometry. Conclusion: nAChR modulation can occur as early as the ER, by biasing the starting material for receptor assembly. Significance: Acute pharmacology and behavior caused by PM nAChRs may be modified by molecules governing nAChR assembly. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored neurotoxin-like receptor binding proteins, such as lynx modulators, are topologically positioned to exert pharmacological effects by binding to the extracellular portion of nAChRs. These actions are generally thought to proceed when both lynx and the nAChRs are on the plasma membrane. Here, we demonstrate that lynx1 also exerts effects on α4β2 nAChRs within the endoplasmic reticulum. Lynx1 affects assembly of nascent α4 and β2 subunits and alters the stoichiometry of the receptor population that reaches the plasma membrane. Additionally, these data suggest that lynx1 shifts nAChR stoichiometry to low sensitivity (α4)3(β2)2 pentamers primarily through this interaction in the endoplasmic reticulum, rather than solely via direct modulation of activity on the plasma membrane. To our knowledge, these data represent the first test of the hypothesis that a lynx family member, or indeed any glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, could act within the cell to alter assembly of a multisubunit protein.
DNA Bending in the Mycobacterial Plasmid pAL5000 Origin-RepB Complex

ABSTRACT Plasmid pAL5000 represents a family of relatively newly discovered cryptic plasmids in gram-positive Actinomycetes bacteria. The replication regions of these plasmids comprise a bicistronic operon, repA-repB, encoding two replication proteins. Located upstream is a cis-acting element that functions as the origin of replication. It comprises an ∼200-bp segment spanning two binding sites for the replication protein RepB, a low-affinity (L) site and a high-affinity (H) site separated by an ∼40-bp spacer sequence. The trajectory of the DNA in the RepB-origin complex has been investigated, and it has been found that the origin undergoes significant bending movements upon RepB binding. RepB binding not only led to local bending effects but also caused a long-range polar curvature which affected the DNA sequences 3′ to the H site. These movements appear to be essential for the in-phase alignment of the L and H sites that leads to the formation of a looped structure. A novel property of RepB unearthed in this study is its ability to form multimers. This property may be an important factor that determines the overall trajectory of the DNA in the RepB-origin complex. The results presented in this study suggest that the origins of replication of pAL5000 and related plasmids are highly flexible and that multimeric, RepB-like initiator proteins bind the origin and induce local deformations and long-range curvatures which are probably necessary for the proper functioning of the origin.
XY-Separable Scale-Space Filtering by Polynomial Representations and Its Applications

In this paper, we propose the application of principal component analysis (PCA) to scale-spaces. PCA is a standard method used in computer vision. Because the translation of an input image into scalespace is a continuous operation, it requires the extension of conventional finite matrix-based PCA to an infinite number of dimensions. Here, we use spectral theory to resolve this infinite eigenvalue problem through the use of integration, and we propose an approximate solution based on polynomial equations. In order to clarify its eigensolutions, we apply spectral decomposition to Gaussian scale-space and scale-normalized Laplacian of Gaussian (sLoG) space. As an application of this proposed method, we introduce a method for generating Gaussian blur images and sLoG images, demonstrating that the accuracy of such an image can be made very high by using an arbitrary scale calculated through simple linear combination. Furthermore, to make the scale-space filtering efficient, we approximate the basis filter set using Gaussian lobes approximation and we can obtain XY-Separable filters. As a more practical example, we propose a new Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) detector. key words: scale-space, spectral decomposition, SIFT
Immune Responses to Candidate Vaccine Antigens Delivered Through Naked Plasmid and Mycobacterial Vectors

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem and has been declared “a global emergency” by the World Health Organization. The failures of the currently available vaccine against TB, i.e. Mycobacterium bovis BCG, to impart consistent protection against TB, have led to the need for alternative vaccines. The low molecular weight major antigenic proteins, i.e. PE35, CFP10 and ESAT6, encoded by Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific region of difference-1 (RD1) are among the antigens considered important to develop new TB vaccines. To deliver these antigens, two DNA vaccine vectors (pUMVC6 and pUMVC7) and three live mycobacterial species (M. bovis BCG, M. vaccae and M. smegmatis) were evaluated for the induction of antigenspecific cellular immune responses in animals. DNA corresponding to pe35, esat6 and cfp10 genes were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the genomic DNA of M. tuberculosis and cloned into plasmids pUMVC6 and pUMVC7 to prepare DNA vaccine constructs. Furthermore, the PCR-amplified DNA were cloned into a shuttle plasmid (pDE22), and the recombinant shuttle plasmids (pDE22-PE35, pDE22-CFP10 and pDE22-ESAT6) were electroporated into mycobacteria. The induction of antigen specific cellular immune responses was studied by immunizing mice and guinea-pigs with the recombinant constructs. The results with all the recombinant constructs and both animal models showed the consistent induction of antigen-specific cellular immune responses (spleen cell proliferation and secretion of protective T helper 1 cytokine interferon-γ in mice, and delayed-type hypersensitivity skin responses in guinea-pigs) only with the recombinant constructs expressing PE35 protein. These results suggest the superiority of PE35 antigen in inducing protective cellular immune responses in animals.
Smart home-based longitudinal functional assessment

In this paper, we investigate methods of performing automated cognitive health assessment from smart home sensor data. Specifically, we introduce an algorithm to quantify and track changes in activities of daily living and in the mobility of a smart home resident over time using longitudinal smart home sensor data. We use an automated activity recognition algorithm to recognize a smart home resident's activities of daily living from the generated sensor data, and introduce a Compare and Count (2C) algorithm to quantify the changes in everyday behavior. We test our approach using a longitudinal sensor dataset that we collected from 18 single-resident smart homes for nearly two years and study the relationship between observed changes in the sensor-based everyday functioning parameters and changes in standard clinical health assessment scores. The results suggest that we may be able to develop sensor-based change algorithms that can predict specific components of cognitive and physical health.
On Fair Routing from Emergency Departments to Hospital Wards: QED Queues with Heterogeneous Servers

The interface between an emergency department and internal wards is often a hospital's bottleneck. Motivated by this interaction in an anonymous hospital, we analyze queueing systems with heterogeneous server pools, where the pools represent the wards, and the servers are beds. Our queueing system, with a single centralized queue and several server pools, forms an inverted-V model. We introduce the randomized most-idle (RMI) routing policy and analyze it in the quality-and efficiency-driven regime, which is natural in our setting. The RMI policy results in the same server fairness (measured by idleness ratios) as the longest-idle-server-first (LISF) policy, which is commonly used in call centers and considered fair. However, the RMI policy utilizes only the information on the number of idle servers in different pools, whereas the LISF policy requires information that is unavailable in hospitals on a real-time basis. This paper was accepted by Assaf Zeevi, stochastic models and simulation.
From Artisanal to CAD-CAM Blocks

Indirect composites have been undergoing an impressive evolution over the last few years. Specifically, recent developments in computer-aided design–computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) blocks have been associated with new polymerization modes, innovative microstructures, and different compositions. All these recent breakthroughs have introduced important gaps among the properties of the different materials. This critical state-of-the-art review analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the different varieties of CAD-CAM composite materials, especially as compared with direct and artisanal indirect composites. Indeed, new polymerization modes used for CAD-CAM blocks—especially high temperature (HT) and, most of all, high temperature–high pressure (HT-HP)—are shown to significantly increase the degree of conversion in comparison with light-cured composites. Industrial processes also allow for the augmentation of the filler content and for the realization of more homogeneous structures with fewer flaws. In addition, due to their increased degree of conversion and their different monomer composition, some CAD-CAM blocks are more advantageous in terms of toxicity and monomer release. Finally, materials with a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) microstructure exhibit higher flexural strength and a more favorable elasticity modulus than materials with a dispersed filler microstructure. Consequently, some high-performance composite CAD-CAM blocks—particularly experimental PICNs—can now rival glass-ceramics, such as lithium-disilicate glass-ceramics, for use as bonded partial restorations and crowns on natural teeth and implants. Being able to be manufactured in very low thicknesses, they offer the possibility of developing innovative minimally invasive treatment strategies, such as “no prep” treatment of worn dentition. Current issues are related to the study of bonding and wear properties of the different varieties of CAD-CAM composites. There is also a crucial need to conduct clinical studies. Last, manufacturers should provide more complete information regarding their product polymerization process, microstructure, and composition, which significantly influence CAD-CAM material properties.
Hyperoxia and the Immature Brain

Despite major advances in obstetrics and neonatal intensive care, preterm infants frequently suffer from neurological impairments in later life. Preterm and also full-term neonates are generally susceptible to injury caused by reactive oxygen species due to the immaturity of endogenous radical scavenging systems. It is well known that high oxygen levels experienced during the critical phase of maturation can profoundly influence developmental processes. Supraphysiological oxygen concentrations used for resuscitation or in the care of critically ill infants are known to have deleterious effects on the developing lung and retina, contributing to the pathophysiology of neonatal diseases like bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity. Moreover, experimental work from the last decade suggests that hyperoxia also leads to neuronal and glial cell death, contributing to the injury of white and grey matter observed in preterm infants. During the critical phase of brain maturation, hyperoxia can alter developmental processes, resulting in the disruption of neural plasticity and myelination. However, oxygen therapy can often not be avoided in neonatal intensive care. Therefore, in situations requiring oxygen supplementation, in addition to the development of appropriate monitoring systems, protective and/or regenerative strategies are highly warranted. Here, we summarise the clinical and experimental evidence as well as potential therapeutic strategies, providing an overview of the pathophysiology of oxygen exposure on the developing central nervous system and its impact on neonatal brain injury.
Biomedical Research

Normal rats were given catechin-rich green tea as drinking fluid and the effects on hepatic gene expression were examined. The results of DNA microarray analysis and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction indicated the down-regulated expression of genes for glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and fatty acid synthase, and the up-regulated expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α in the rats given green tea for 4 weeks as compared with the water-given animals. One may expect anti-diabetic activity by catechin-rich green tea through its chronic down-regulatory effect on G6Pase expression. Tea is one of the world’s most popular beverages and has been regarded to possess anti-cancer, antiobesity, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral effects (3, 11, 13, 21). Previously, we reported that the administration of green tea powder for one week reduced the gene expression of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose6-phosphatase (G6Pase), in the mouse liver (12). Similar effects exerted by epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major component of green tea catechins, have suggested that EGCG is a major contributor to these effects. Since the suppressive effects on gluconeogenic enzymes have been correlated to the antidiabetic activity (20, 22), green tea and EGCG may be useful to prevent diabetes mellitus. However, chronic effects of green tea intake in normal subjects have remained to be examined. In our previous study on hepatoprotective effects of green tea in a rat model of galactosamineinduced hepatitis, we found that the administration of catechin-rich green tea (Healthya) resulted in an attenuation of the up-regulated hepatic gene expression of inflammatory cytokines (1). Thus, catechinrich green tea was expected to affect the hepatic gene expression of various proteins. In the present study, we performed a DNA microarray analysis to see how the chronic ingestion of catechin-rich green tea affects hepatic gene expression in normal rats and compared selected results with those from the quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials. Healthya green tea is a commercial green tea drink produced by Kao Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) and was purchased from a convenience store. Healthya green tea contains 540 mg of catechins and 80 mg of caffeine per 350 mL. Animal experimental design. Ethics approval for the study was obtained from the Committee for Animal Experimentation of the University of Shizuoka. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old) were purAddress correspondence to: Dr. Mamoru Isemura, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan Tel: +81-54-264-5824, Fax: +81-54-264-5824 E-mail: isemura@u-shizuoka-ken.ac. jp
Marrying Search-based Optimization and Model Transformation Technology

Model transformations are an important cornerstone of model-driven engineering. Thus, various model transformation languages have been proposed, most of which follow the rule-based paradigm. The application of transformation rules is realized either following the apply-as-long-as-possible strategy or an orchestration of the rules has to be provided. However, two main limitations arise from following these two approaches. First, the goals of the transformations are implicitly hidden in the rule encoding and their orchestration specifications. Second, manually finding the best rule orchestration for a particular scenario is a complex problem due to the high number of rule combination possibilities. To tackle these limitations, we present in this paper a novel framework which builds on the non-intrusive integration of optimization and model transformation technology. This integration allows for search-based exploration of rule applications and to make the goals of transformations explicit. In particular, we formulate the rule application problem as an optimization problem. The proposed framework provides several algorithms for local and global searches of rule applications guided by single and multiple objectives expressed in terms of models. We present different instantiations of our framework to demonstrate its feasibility and benefits by several case studies in the field of software engineering.
Frequency of secretory otitis media in children of age 3 to 5 years in Rawalpindi and Islamabad

Objective: To determine the frequency of secretary otitis media (OME) in the region of twin city and to determine variations related to gender, environment and socioeconomic status. Design: Comparative cross sectional study. Place and Duration of study: One year from July 2010 to July 2011at Social Security Hospital Islamabad and at Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi. Patients and Method: Total 600 children (3-5 years) from schools of Rawalpindi and Islamabad were evaluated. Sampling was done by consecutive sampling technique. Schools were divided into three socioeconomic groups high, middle and lower,200 children in each group. To over- come seasonal variation 50 children were examined every month. Data collection tool were questionnaire, otoscopes, tympanometer, and audiometer. Written permission was taken two days before visit. Complete otorhinolaryngological examination was carried out. OME was diagnosed clinically with dull, retracted or bulging immobile tympanic membrane and confirmed by type B curveon tympanometry.Frequencyof OME was calculated. Biostatic evaluation of results was done by using spss version10 and chi-square test, p value