Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risky Business: How Professionals and Professional Fields (Must) Deal with Organizational Issues

As professionals belong to occupational systems but also increasingly work inside organizations, new linkages between occupational and organizational domains are required, but they are difficult to develop. Occupational principles and professional standards are usually considered to be at odds with managerial and organizational control principles. This generates academic and practical dualisms. Either a return to professionalism is advocated in order to protect occupational spaces and ‘rescue’ professional work, or there is a move beyond professionalism in order to restrict autonomies and discipline professional work. This article argues that both stances are unsatisfactory and that new forms of organized professionalism are called for. Changing circumstances force professional services to respond to external changes that call for organizational capacities, also inside professional domains: (a) professionals develop new work preferences and seek organized work conditions; (b) professionals face new cases, which are difficult to categorize and call for well-organized multi-professional acts; (c) due to critical attention for case treatment and incidents, professionals face new risks that have to be managed. The article shows how these realities are incorporated in professional practices – albeit slowly – and it draws normative conclusions. Professionals must take organizing and managing more seriously and will have to develop organizational capacities. In addition, connective organizational standards must be established in order to strengthen the viability and legitimacy of professional services in demanding times.
Freiman's theorem for solvable groups

Freiman's theorem asserts, roughly speaking, if that a finite set in a torsion-free abelian group has small doubling, then it can be efficiently contained in (or controlled by) a generalised arithmetic progression. This was generalised by Green and Ruzsa to arbitrary abelian groups, where the controlling object is now a coset progression. We extend these results further to solvable groups of bounded derived length, in which the coset progressions are replaced by the more complicated notion of a ``coset nilprogression''. As one consequence of this result, any subset of such a solvable group of small doubling is is controlled by a set whose iterated products grow polynomially, and which are contained inside a virtually nilpotent group. As another application we establish a strengthening of the Milnor-Wolf theorem that all solvable groups of polynomial growth are virtually nilpotent, in which only one large ball needs to be of polynomial size. This result complements recent work of Breulliard-Green, Fisher-Katz-Peng, and Sanders.
DNA damage induced by oridonin involves cell cycle arrest at G 2 / M phase in human MCF-7 cells

nisms of inhibition of cell growth and induction of DNA damage in oridonintreated MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Material and methods: The cytotoxicity of oridonin-treated MCF-7 cells was measured by MTT assay. Cell cycle phase distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry. P-ATM, P-CHK2, γH2AX and P-P53 protein expressions were detected by Western blot analysis. The expression of r-h2ax and P-ATM was also detected by immunofluorescence staining. The degree of cellular damage of oridonin-induced MCF-7 human breast cancer cells was confirmed by the comet assay analysis of DNA fragmentation. Results: Oridonin inhibited cell growth in a timeand dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values at 48 and 72 hours were 78.3 and 31.62 μmol/l, respectively. Oridonin induced G2/M phase arrest in MCF-7 cells. MCF-7 cells treated with oridonin showed significant DNA damage as shown by an increase in olive tail moment (OTM). The protein expression levels of P-ATM, P-CHK2, γH2AX and P-P53 were increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: DNA damage provokes p53-mediated G2/M cell cycle arrest in oridonin-induced MCF-7 cells through the mechanism of CHK2 activation by activated ATM protein kinase, which is induced by oridonin.
Effects of Knowledge Maps and Prior Knowledge on Recall of Science Lecture Content

Abstract The effects of three types of lecture aids on students' recall of two college-level biology lectures were compared. Students heard audiotaped lectures while viewing either knowledge maps, outlines, or lists of the key terms presented on overhead transparencies. Free-recall tests revealed that listeners with low prior knowledge of biology learned the most when knowledge maps accompanied the lecture and the least when key terms were listed. For listeners with high prior knowledge, however, the opposite was true. An analysis of recall coherence revealed that learners recalled significantly fewer fragmented facts after viewing maps or outlines than after viewing lists. Prior knowledge was a significant factor in all analyses. Results are interpreted in terms of Mayer's cognitive model of assimilation encoding.
Personal Control in Organizations: A Longitudinal Investigation with Newcomers

Personal control over one's work environment is an important theme in many branches of the social sciences. In the present study, longitudinal field data were used to assess a model of personal control in organizational settings. Business school graduates completed questionnaires prior to graduation and after 4 months (n = 297) and 10 months (n = 231) on the job. The results suggest two distinct responses to perceived personal control. The first implies a proactive orientation where control begets control: self-efficacy was positively associated with control, both variables were positively associated with problem-focused reactance, control and reactance were both negatively related to helplessness, and helplessness was negatively related to work adjustment. The second response to personal control implies a reactive orientation where unmet expectations prompt a sense of futility and withdrawal: control was negatively associated with unmet expectations, and unmet expectations were positively associated with helplessness and negatively associated with work adjustment.
A monitoring device as assistive lifestyle technology: combining functional needs with pleasure

Assistive Technologies can be of enormous help for people with disabilities. Still, such supportive devices are often considered to be poor in aesthetics, leaving the person feeling stigmatised by the technology and resulting in a reduced usage and compliance. In this paper we report on a case study of a young person suffering from cerebral palsy and describe a wearable device, RemoteLogCam, that was designed to help him self-manage his hand spasms and at the same time provide his first opportunity to take his own photos. We call this an example of assistive lifestyle technologies (ALT), designed not only to assist people with special needs in a functional sense, but that also enhance the experience of such a device in a pleasing way. In this case, over the course of 6 months use to date, RemoteLogCam augmented our participant's own self-management of spasms and his creative and practical documentation needs.
Tradeoff between source and channel coding

A problem in the transmission of analog information across a noisy discrete channel is the choice of channel code rate that optimally allocates the available transmission rate between lossy source coding and block channel coding. We establish tight bounds on the channel code rate that minimizes the average distortion of a vector quantizer cascaded with a channel coder and a binary symmetric channel. Analytic expressions are derived in the cases when the bit error probability is small and, also, when the source vector dimension is large. The optimal channel code rate is often substantially smaller than the channel capacity, and we obtain a noisy-channel version of the Zador high-resolution distortion formula.
Identification of a Haemophilus influenzae Factor H–Binding Lipoprotein Involved in Serum Resistance

Haemophilus influenzae is a Gram-negative human pathogen that resides in the upper respiratory tract. Encapsulated H. influenzae type b (Hib) and type f (Hif) are the most common serotypes associated with invasive disease. H. influenzae displays various strategies to circumvent the host innate immune response, including the bactericidal effect of the complement system. In this study, we identified an H. influenzae lipoprotein having the ability to bind factor H (FH), the major regulator of the alternative pathway of complement activation. This protein, named protein H (PH), was surface exposed and was found in all clinical Hib and Hif isolates tested. Deletion of the gene encoding for PH (lph) in Hib and Hif significantly reduced the interaction between bacteria and FH. When Hib and Hif PH variants were separately expressed in nontypeable (unencapsulated) H. influenzae, which did not bind FH, an increased FH affinity was observed. We recombinantly expressed the two PH variants in Escherichia coli, and despite sharing only 56% identical amino acids, both FH-binding Haemophilus proteins similarly interacted with the complement regulator FH short consensus repeats 7 and 18–20. Importantly, Hib and Hif resistance against the bactericidal effect of human serum was significantly reduced when bacterial mutants devoid of PH were tested. In conclusion, we have characterized a hitherto unknown bacterial protein that is crucial for mediating an interaction between the human pathogen H. influenzae and FH. This novel interaction is important for H. influenzae resistance against complement activation and will consequently promote bacterial pathogenesis.
“Communication is taking a back seat”: speech pathologists’ perceptions of aphasia management in acute hospital settings

Background: Current service provision to people with aphasia in the acute hospital setting is reported to be inconsistent with best-practice recommendations. While speech pathologists (SPs) have been noted to express dissatisfaction with this, the underlying reasons for this evidence–practice gap are unclear. Change is required in order to move towards the provision of gold-standard aphasia management in acute hospitals. The voices of SPs working in this setting, and knowledge of their perceptions of the factors that influence their current practice, are essential in order to facilitate their capacity to act as agents for change. Aims: This research explored acute SPs’ conceptualisation, experiences, and perceptions of poststroke aphasia management, and provided a greater understanding of the factors that influence their practice. Methods & Procedures: A purposive, maximal variation technique was used to sample SPs. Semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 SP participants who work with people with acute poststroke aphasia. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the results. Outcomes & Results: Analysis yielded five key themes. As a result of undertaking this research, insight was gained into (1) acute SPs’ perception of their role in relation to acute aphasia management; (2) the professional tension created by competing priorities; (3) the de-prioritisation of aphasia in relation to dysphagia management; (4) SPs’ beliefs about aphasia and their current aphasia management; and (5) their understanding of facilitators for acute aphasia management. Conclusions: This study elucidated the complex and multifaceted nature of the factors influencing SPs’ management of aphasia in the acute health care setting. Findings included the identification of modifiable factors—such as supportive practice environments, locus of control, and reflective practice—which facilitate evidence-based approaches to aphasia management in that acute hospital setting.
Clinical features of Friedreich's ataxia: classical and atypical phenotypes

One hundred and fifty years since Nikolaus Friedreich's first description of the degenerative ataxic syndrome which bears his name, his description remains at the core of the classical clinical phenotype of gait and limb ataxia, poor balance and coordination, leg weakness, sensory loss, areflexia, impaired walking, dysarthria, dysphagia, eye movement abnormalities, scoliosis, foot deformities, cardiomyopathy and diabetes. Onset is typically around puberty with slow progression and shortened life‐span often related to cardiac complications. Inheritance is autosomal recessive with the vast majority of cases showing an unstable intronic GAA expansion in both alleles of the frataxin gene on chromosome 9q13. A small number of cases are caused by a compound heterozygous expansion with a point mutation or deletion. Understanding of the underlying molecular biology has enabled identification of atypical phenotypes with late onset, or atypical features such as retained reflexes. Late‐onset cases tend to have slower progression and are associated with smaller GAA expansions. Early‐onset cases tend to have more rapid progression and a higher frequency of non‐neurological features such as diabetes, cardiomyopathy, scoliosis and pes cavus. Compound heterozygotes, including those with large deletions, often have atypical features. In this paper, we review the classical and atypical clinical phenotypes of Friedreich's ataxia.
Race Modeling: An Effective Cognitive Strategy for the 100 m Sprinter?

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a specific cognitive race plan on 100 m sprint performance, Twelve elite sprinters (11 male and 1 female) performed 100 m time trials under normal (control) conditions and then under experimental conditions (use of race cues). In the experimental condition, participants were asked to think about specific thought content in each of three segments of the 100 m. A multiple baseline design was employed. A mean improvement of 0.26 s was found. Eleven of the 12 participants showed improvement using the specific cognitive race plan (p < .005). Participants also produced more consistent sprint performances when using the cues (p < .01). Subjective evaluations made by the participants unanimously supported the use of the race plan for optimizing sprint performance. Environmental conditions, effort, and practice effects were considered as possible influences on the results.
Network Working Group Robust Header Compression (rohc): a Profile for Tcp/ip (rohc-tcp)

This document specifies a ROHC (Robust Header Compression) profile for compression of TCP/IP packets. The profile, called ROHC-TCP, provides efficient and robust compression of TCP headers, including frequently used TCP options such as SACK (Selective Acknowledgments) and Timestamps. ROHC-TCP works well when used over links with significant error rates and long round-trip times. For many bandwidth-limited links where header compression is essential, such characteristics are common. Pelletier, et al. Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 4996 ROHC-TCP July 2007 Table of
The effects of acute salinity challenges on osmoregulation in Mozambique tilapia reared in a tidally changing salinity

ABSTRACT This study characterizes the differences in osmoregulatory capacity among Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, reared in freshwater (FW), in seawater (SW) or under tidally driven changes in salinity. This was addressed through the use of an abrupt exposure to a change in salinity. We measured changes in: (1) plasma osmolality and prolactin (PRL) levels; (2) pituitary expression of prolactin (PRL) and its receptors, PRLR1 and PRLR2; (3) branchial expression of PRLR1, PRLR2, Na+/Cl− co-transporter (NCC), Na+/K+/2Cl− co-transporter (NKCC), α1a and α1b isoforms of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3). Mozambique tilapia reared in a tidal environment successfully adapted to SW while fish reared in FW did not survive a transfer to SW beyond the 6 h sampling. With the exception of CFTR, the change in the expression of ion pumps, transporters and channels was more gradual in fish transferred from tidally changing salinities to SW than in fish transferred from FW to SW. Upon transfer to SW, the increase in CFTR expression was more robust in tidal fish than in FW fish. Tidal and SW fish successfully adapted when transferred to FW. These results suggest that Mozambique tilapia reared in a tidally changing salinity, a condition that more closely represents their natural history, gain an adaptive advantage compared with fish reared in FW when facing a hyperosmotic challenge. Summary: This study characterizes the differences in osmoregulatory capacity among Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, reared in freshwater (FW), seawater (SW), or under tidally driven changes in salinity.
Chapter 4:Professional Development as a Policy Pathway

Want to improve teaching and learning in public education? Mount an improvement initiative that centrally features high-quality professional development, reflecting the latest consensus and research evidence concerning “best practice. ” In recent years, the answer is almost taken for granted by many leaders and policymakers, especially those situated in school district central offices and in state education agencies. The lure of professional development is understandable, given how much new learning contemporary reform demands of teachers and administrators and given the drumbeat urging students and school systems to rise to a higher standard of performance (Thompson & Zeuli, 1999). In response, it is natural for those responsible for reform to mount a professional development initiative tied to standards, curricular goals, and even the current assessment system and hope that it will help school staff realize the ambitious goals of the reform in question. It is very likely, however, that the professional development initiative in question will not yield quick or consistent results, at least not where policymakers and stakeholders think to look. The obvious conclusion drawn by many—that efforts to support professional learning were a failure—leaves proponents and bystanders puzzled. What went wrong? To many participants in these reform stories, it is obvious that teachers need help getting up to speed on the latest approaches to assessment, standards-oriented practice, approaches to student learning, and so forth in the context of standards-based reform. And how else to satisfy that need than to set up systems of support for professional learning with targeted resources, aligned professional development curricula, consultants and coaches, and so on? While the logic of such initiatives is generally clear and powerful, the issues these initiatives raise for the design and enactment of policy are anything but clear. Consider the following kinds of issues—each reflecting an important area of decision making— confronting leaders and policymakers in connection with professional development initiatives.
Dominance: Measure first and then define

Abstract The concept of dominance is used in the behavioral and biological sciences to describe outcomes in a variety of competitive interactions. In some taxa, a history of agonistic encounters among individuals modifies the course of future agonistic encounters such that the existence of a certain type of relationship can be inferred. If one is to characterize such relationships as dominance, however, then they must be distinguished from other kinds of interaction patterns for which the term tends to be used, as well as from factors such as territoriality and "trained" winners and losers, which may also influence the expression of agonistic behavior. Operational definitions based on causal, functional, evolutionary, and ontogenetic considerations have been proposed. Reliability and validity problems have been discussed, but the dominance concept has proved useful despite methodological difficulties. The confusion of dominance relationships (which involve two or more individuals) with dominance ranks (which are assigned to a single individual) has obscured the possible evolutionary basis of dominance relationships. If benefits accrue to dominant members of pairs, then those attributes which allow an animal to establish dominance can be selected. Dominance per se and dominance ranks, on the other hand, cannot be genetically transmitted since they constitute relationships with other individuals rather than absolute attributes. Dominance rankings in particular may be useful for describing behavioral patterns within a group, but they may reflect our own ability to count rather than any important variable in social organization.
The effect of heart rate control on myocardial ischemia among high-risk patients after vascular surgery.

UNLABELLED Patients undergoing vascular surgery have a high risk of suffering major postoperative cardiac events. Preoperative myocardial ischemia as detected by Holter monitoring identifies a high-risk subgroup whose postoperative ischemia, similarly detected, seems to herald major cardiac events. In this study, we determined whether systematic, patient-specific postoperative heart rate control with beta-adrenergic blocker therapy decreases the incidence of postoperative ischemia among high-risk vascular surgery patients. A total of 26 of 150 patients who underwent elective vascular surgery and were monitored preoperatively by 24-h Holter were found to have significant myocardial ischemia as defined by ST-segment depression. The minimal heart rate at which this ST-segment depression occurred was identified (ischemic threshold), and these 26 patients were then randomized to receive continuous i.v. beta-blockade with esmolol or placebo plus usual medical therapy, aiming to reduce the postoperative heart rate to 20% below the ischemic threshold. All patients were monitored by Holter for 48 h postoperatively. Postoperative Holter readings were analyzed for the incidence of ischemia and for the number of hours during which heart rate was controlled below the ischemia threshold. Patients had a median of two episodes of preoperative ischemia lasting a median of 30 min (range 1-155 min). A total of 15 patients were randomized to receive esmolol, and 11 were randomized to receive placebo. The two groups were comparable with respect to clinical characteristics and incidence and duration of preoperative ischemia. Ischemia persisted in the postoperative period in 8 of 11 placebo patients (73%), but only 5 of 15 esmolol patients (33%) (P < 0.05). Of the 15 esmolol patients, 9 had mean heart rates below the ischemic threshold, and all 9 had no postoperative ischemia. A total of 4 of 11 placebo patients had mean heart rates below the ischemic threshold, and 3 of the 4 had no postoperative ischemia. There were two postoperative cardiac events among patients who had postoperative ischemia (one placebo, one esmolol) and whose mean heart rates exceeded the ischemic threshold. Our data suggest that patient-specific, strict heart rate control aiming for a predefined target based on individual preoperative ischemic threshold was associated with a significant reduction and frequent elimination of postoperative myocardial ischemia among high-risk patients and provide a rationale for a larger trial to examine this strategy's effect on cardiac risk. IMPLICATIONS Patients who undergo peripheral vascular surgery often experience transient cardiac complications and/or permanent heart damage just after surgery because of inadequate myocardial blood flow. In this study, we identified patients at high risk of cardiac complications after vascular surgery and showed that if their heart rate was carefully controlled for 48 h after surgery, myocardial ischemia, a common marker of heart injury, was markedly reduced.