Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting change in categorical data: mining contrast sets

A fundamental task in data analysis is understanding the di erences between several contrasting groups. These groups can represent di erent classes of objects, such as male or female students, or the same group over time, e.g. freshman students in 1993 versus 1998. We present the problem of mining contrast-sets: conjunctions of attributes and values that di er meaningfully in their distribution across groups. We provide an algorithm for mining contrast-sets as well as several pruning rules to reduce the computational complexity. Once the deviations are found, we post-process the results to present a subset that are surprising to the user given what we have already shown. We explicitly control the probability of Type I error (false positives) and guarantee a maximum error rate for the entire analysis by using Bonferroni corrections.
From higher-order logic to Haskell: there and back again

We present two tools which together allow reasoning about (a substantial subset of) Haskell programs. One is the code generator of the proof assistant Isabelle, which turns specifications formulated in Isabelle's higher-order logic into executable Haskell source text; the other is Haskabelle, a tool to translate programs written in Haskell into Isabelle specifications. The translation from Isabelle to Haskell directly benefits from the rigorous correctness approach of a proof assistant: generated Haskell programs are always partially correct w.r. t. to the specification from which they are generated.
Malicious code prevention in kernel mode

As the window system are affected by the malicious code, the vulnerability on the system are more. The behavior based monitoring is used to avoid the polymorphic malicious code. Signature based detection system or fixing these vulnerabilities are not the efficient method. Thus the behavior based monitoring is used to avoid malicious code in window system. Some of them hook high level system APIs to detect the suspicious behavior of the code. Thus this cannot detect malicious code that directly invokes the native APIs. Thus a security scheme is used, that hooks native APIs in the kernel mode. It provides authentication of the system service caller in the kernel mode. So it prevents the malicious code calling native API directly. To provide extra authentication the dispatch ID is scrambled. For the scrambling to take place first the dispatch ID is distinguished as local ID and remote ID and then the filter is used to find the legitimate user. Next the scrambling is done with that legitimate user ID. The unscrambling is done to get the original dispatch ID only if it is a legitimate user. It introduces an average eight percent computation overhead into the system.
Micromechanical GaAs Thermal Convertor for Gas Sensors

This paper discusses design, simulation and fabrication of new Micromechanical Thermal Converters (MTCs) based on GaAs developed for Gas sensors. GaAs MTCs seem to be very attractive for design of thermally based MEMS sensor devices. High thermal isolation of these devices can be done by implementing of free micromechanical hot plates which is designed as thin as possible. Metal oxide gas sensors generally work in high temperature mode that is required for chemical reactions to be performed between molecules of the specified gas and the surface of sensing material. There is a low power consumption required to obtain the operation temperatures in the range of 200 to 500 C. Mechanical stability and integrity and a fast thermal response are very important parameters that can not be neglected. These above mentioned design rules can be achieved using GaAs based micromachined concept of thermal converter.
Design and Implementation of Secure Xenix

Secure Xenix™ is an experimental system designed to run on IBM PC/AT workstations. Like Xenix, it is a Unix™ System V implementation on the PC/AT workstation; unlike Xenix, it eliminates the Unix security deficiencies and it enhances security policies. In this paper, we present the design features of Secure Xenix, their integration within Xenix, and some of the lessons learned from this experiment to date.
Controlling Offensive Behavior Using Narrative Exposure Therapy

Insecure and violent environments foster two different forms of aggressive behavior: reactive aggressive responding, such as fearful or angry impulsive behavior to perceived threats, and appetitive aggression, which encompasses violence-related feelings of power, excitement, and pleasure. We tested whether forensic offender rehabilitation narrative exposure therapy (FORNET; five sessions) would reduce involvement in everyday violence and produce beneficial effects for mental and physical health. In a Burundian residential center for former street children, we identified a subset of 32 male youths (mean age = 17 years) who scored highly in appetitive aggression. We conducted a randomized controlled trial by assigning matched pairs to receive either FORNET or treatment as usual. During the follow-up (4–7 months after completing treatment), the 16 youths who received FORNET reported having committed significantly fewer offenses (Hedges’s g = 0.62) and presented with fewer physical-health complaints (Hedges’s g = 0.56) than did their matched control participants.
Cooperative Blood-feeding and the Function and Implications of Feeding Aggregations in the Sand Fly, Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Given the importance that the evolution of cooperation bears in evolutionary biology and the social sciences, extensive theoretical work has focused on identifying conditions that promote cooperation among individuals. In insects, cooperative or altruistic interactions typically occur amongst social insects and are thus explained by kin selection. Here we provide evidence that in Lutzomia longipalpis, a small biting fly and an important vector of leishmaniasis in the New World, cooperative blood-feeding in groups of non-kin individuals results in a strong decrease in saliva expenditure. Feeding in groups also strongly affected the time taken to initiate a bloodmeal and its duration and ultimately resulted in greater fecundity. The benefits of feeding aggregations were particularly strong when flies fed on older hosts pre-exposed to sand fly bites, suggesting that flies feeding in groups may be better able to overcome their stronger immune response. These results demonstrate that, in L. longipalpis, feeding cooperatively maximizes the effects of salivary components injected into hosts to facilitate blood intake and to counteract the host immune defences. As a result, cooperating sand flies enjoy enormous fitness gains. This constitutes, to our knowledge, the first functional explanation for feeding aggregations in this species and potentially in other hematophagous insects and a rare example of cooperation amongst individuals of a non-social insects species. The evolution of cooperative group feeding in sand flies may have important implications for the epidemiology of leishmaniasis.
O-Mannosylation in Candida albicans Enables Development of Interkingdom Biofilm Communities

ABSTRACT Candida albicans is a fungus that colonizes oral cavity surfaces, the gut, and the genital tract. Streptococcus gordonii is a ubiquitous oral bacterium that has been shown to form biofilm communities with C. albicans. Formation of dual-species S. gordonii-C. albicans biofilm communities involves interaction of the S. gordonii SspB protein with the Als3 protein on the hyphal filament surface of C. albicans. Mannoproteins comprise a major component of the C. albicans cell wall, and in this study we sought to determine if mannosylation in cell wall biogenesis of C. albicans was necessary for hyphal adhesin functions associated with interkingdom biofilm development. A C. albicans mnt1Δ mnt2Δ mutant, with deleted α-1,2-mannosyltransferase genes and thus defective in O-mannosylation, was abrogated in biofilm formation under various growth conditions and produced hyphal filaments that were not recognized by S. gordonii. Cell wall proteomes of hypha-forming mnt1Δ mnt2Δ mutant cells showed growth medium-dependent alterations, compared to findings for the wild type, in a range of protein components, including Als1, Als3, Rbt1, Scw1, and Sap9. Hyphal filaments formed by mnt1Δ mnt2Δ mutant cells, unlike wild-type hyphae, did not interact with C. albicans Als3 or Hwp1 partner cell wall proteins or with S. gordonii SspB partner adhesin, suggesting defective functionality of adhesins on the mnt1Δ mnt2Δ mutant. These observations imply that early stage O-mannosylation is critical for activation of hyphal adhesin functions required for biofilm formation, recognition by bacteria such as S. gordonii, and microbial community development. IMPORTANCE In the human mouth, microorganisms form communities known as biofilms that adhere to the surfaces present. Candida albicans is a fungus that is often found within these biofilms. We have focused on the mechanisms by which C. albicans becomes incorporated into communities containing bacteria, such as Streptococcus. We find that impairment of early stage addition of mannose sugars to C. albicans hyphal filament proteins deleteriously affects their subsequent performance in mediating formation of polymicrobial biofilms. Our analyses provide new understanding of the way that microbial communities develop, and of potential means to control C. albicans infections. In the human mouth, microorganisms form communities known as biofilms that adhere to the surfaces present. Candida albicans is a fungus that is often found within these biofilms. We have focused on the mechanisms by which C. albicans becomes incorporated into communities containing bacteria, such as Streptococcus. We find that impairment of early stage addition of mannose sugars to C. albicans hyphal filament proteins deleteriously affects their subsequent performance in mediating formation of polymicrobial biofilms. Our analyses provide new understanding of the way that microbial communities develop, and of potential means to control C. albicans infections.
A QoS adaptive transport system: design, implementation and experience

Distributed audio and video applications need to adapt to fluctuations in delivered quality of service (QoS). By trading off temporal and spatial quality to available bandwidth, or manipulating the playout time of continuous media in response to variation in delay, audio and video flows can be made to adapt to fluctuating QoS with minimal perceptual distortion. In this paper we describe the implementation of a QoS adaptive transport system that incorporates a QoS oriented API and a range of mechanisms to assist applications in exploiting QoS and adapting to fluctuations in QoS. The system, which is an instantiation of the QoS Architecture (QoS-A), is implemented in a multi ATM switch network environment with Linux based PC end systems and continuous media file servers. A performance evaluation of the system configured to support Video-on-Demand application scenario is presented and discussed.
High‐resolution probing of inner core structure with seismic interferometry

Increasing complexity of Earth's inner core has been revealed in recent decades as the global distribution of seismic stations has improved. The uneven distribution of earthquakes, however, still causes a biased geographical sampling of the inner core. Recent developments in seismic interferometry, which allow for the retrieval of core‐sensitive body waves propagating between two receivers, can significantly improve ray path coverage of the inner core. In this study, we apply such earthquake coda interferometry to 1846 USArray stations deployed across the U.S. from 2004 through 2013. Clear inner core phases PKIKP2 and PKIIKP2 are observed across the entire array. Spatial analysis of the differential travel time residuals between the two phases reveals significant short‐wavelength variation and implies the existence of strong structural variability in the deep Earth. A linear N‐S trending anomaly across the middle of the U.S. may reflect an asymmetric quasi‐hemispherical structure deep within the inner core with boundaries of 99°W and 88°E.
Acquiring of walking behavior for four-legged robots using actor-critic method based on policy gradient

Actor-critic method based on policy gradient is an effective method for problems with high-dimensional learning space. In walking behavior of robots, the movement of robot's joint is cyclic. For this purpose, we apply closed-loops of B-spline curve to cyclic movement. Hence, we propose a method combined actor-critic method based on policy gradient with B-spline curve. In this method, B-spline curve uses for controlling target such as joints in robot on continuous space. By using B-spline curve, the target for control can move smoothly and flexible. In this paper, we applied this method to a four-legged robot with 12 joints and simulated on the Open Dynamics Engine (ODE) which is a dynamics simulation software. The simulation results show that robots succeeded in getting walking behavior.
International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems Scalable Task Assignment for Heterogeneous Multi-robot Teams Regular Paper

This work deals with the development of a dynamic task assignment strategy for heterogeneous multi‐robot teams in typical real world scenarios. The strategy must be efficiently scalable to support problems of increasing complexity with minimum designer intervention. To this end, we have selected a very simple auction‐based strategy, which has been implemented and analysed in a multi‐robot cleaning problem that requires strong coordination and dynamic complex subtask organization. We will show that the selection of a simple auction strategy provides a linear computational cost increase with the number of robots that make up the team and allows the solving of highly complex assignment problems in dynamic conditions by means of a hierarchical sub‐auction policy. To coordinate and control the team, a layered behaviour‐based architecture has been applied that allows the reusing of the auction‐based strategy to achieve different coordination levels.
Closed-loop global motion planning for reactive execution of learned tasks

We present a motion planning approach for performing a learned task while avoiding obstacles and reacting to the movement of task-relevant objects. We employ a closed-loop sampling-based motion planner that acquires new sensor information, generates new collision-free plans that are based on a learned task model, and replans at an average rate of more than 10 times per second for a 7-DOF manipulator. The task model is learned from expert demonstrations prior to task execution and is represented as a hidden Markov model. During task execution, our motion planner quickly searches in the Cartesian product of the task model and a probabilistic roadmap for a plan with features most similar to the demonstrations given the locations of the task-relevant objects. We improve the replan rate by using a fast bidirectional search and by biasing the sampling distribution using information from the learned task model to construct high-quality roadmaps. We illustrate the efficacy of our approach by performing a simulated navigation task with a 2D point robot and a physical powder transfer task with the Baxter robot.
Redundancy-Constrained feature selection with radial basis function networks

Neural Networks are widely used to select features for classification / regression problems. These methods usually do not take into account the redundancy (linear/nonlinear dependency) between features. Consequently the selected set of features although useful, may contain redundant features. Here we propose a general framework for feature selection with controlled redundancy using a radial basis function (RBF) network. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method on some benchmark data sets. Our framework can be easily adapted to other neural networks.
Visual Odometry : Autonomous UAV Navigation using Optic Flow and Stereo

Visual odometry is vital to the future of mobile robotics. In this paper, we demonstrate a method that combines information from optic flow and stereo to estimate and control the current position of a quadrotor along a pre-defined trajectory. The absolute translation in 3D is computed by combining the optic flow measurements between successive frames and stereo-based height over ground. The current 3D position, as estimated from path integration of the incremental translations, is controlled in closed loop to follow the prescribed trajectory. The performance of the system is evaluated by measuring the error between the initial and final positions in closed circuits. This error is approximately 1.7% of the total path length.
Enabling player-created online worlds with grid computing and streaming

The hours and intensity with which players engage in games makes for very fast consumption of content. Players rapidly feel out the design space of games, requiring creators to adopt strategies to provide tremendous amounts of content for the user to experience (Final Fantasy); make the content reusable enough to provide extended replay value (GTA3, Gran Turismo); or make the experience dependent upon direct interaction with other human players (Quake, Ultima Online). Persistent-world online games are similarly differentiated by their ability to put tremendous amounts of frequently updated interactive content in front of users. Games which offer 100 hours of content exploration can easily be exhausted by the player in the first month or even weeks of play making it a real challenge to extract a monthly subscription fee to stay in the environment.
Encoding of movement in near extrapersonal space in primate area VIP

Many neurons in the macaque ventral intraparietal area (VIP) are multimodal, i.e., they respond not only to visual but also to tactile, auditory and vestibular stimulation. Anatomical studies have shown distinct projections between area VIP and a region of premotor cortex controlling head movements. A specific function of area VIP could be to guide movements in order to head for and/or to avoid objects in near extrapersonal space. This behavioral role would require a consistent representation of visual motion within 3-D space and enhanced activity for nearby motion signals. Accordingly, in our present study we investigated whether neurons in area VIP are sensitive to moving visual stimuli containing depth signals from horizontal disparity. We recorded single unit activity from area VIP of two awake behaving monkeys (Macaca mulatta) fixating a central target on a projection screen. Sensitivity of neurons to horizontal disparity was assessed by presenting large field moving images (random dot fields) stereoscopically to the two eyes by means of LCD shutter goggles synchronized with the stimulus computer. During an individual trial, stimuli had one of seven different disparity values ranging from 3° uncrossed- (far) to 3° crossed- (near) disparity in 1° steps. Stimuli moved at constant speed in all simulated depth planes. Different disparity values were presented across trials in pseudo-randomized order. Sixty-one percent of the motion sensitive cells had a statistically significant selectivity for the horizontal disparity of the stimulus (p < 0.05, distribution free ANOVA). Seventy-five percent of them preferred crossed-disparity values, i.e., moving stimuli in near space, with the highest mean activity for the nearest stimulus. At the population level, preferred direction of visual stimulus motion was not affected by horizontal disparity. Thus, our findings are in agreement with the behavioral role of area VIP in the representation of movement in near extrapersonal space.
Observer-based Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control for MEMS Angular Rate Sensor

This paper presents a control strategy for micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) z-axis gyroscope, based on the coupling of the fuzzy logic control with the so-called sliding mode control (SMC) approach and sliding mode observer. An adaptive model reference state tracking controller which can estimate the angular velocity vector, and the damping and stiffness model coefficients in real-time is proposed. The tracking performance of pure adaptive SMC is affected by high range chattering due to modeling uncertainties and exogenous inputs. In this paper, this problem is suitably circumvented by adopting an observer-based adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control (OAFSMC) approach which results in chattering free tracking and improved estimation accuracy. For this proposed approach, we have used a fuzzy logic control to generate the reaching control signal. Therefore, the simple and intelligent Mamdani-type controller is resulted with high robustness against parametric uncertainties and exogenous disturbances. The stability of the system is guaranteed in the sense of the Lyapunov stability theorem. Numerical simulations using the nonlinear dynamic model of a MEMS z-axis gyroscope with matched and unmatched uncertainties show the effectiveness of the approach in trajectory tracking problems.
Mass Outflow Rate From Advective Accretion Disks around Compact Objects

We compute mass outflow rates from advective accretion disks around compact objects, such as neutron stars and black holes. These computations, for the first time, are done using combinations of exact transonic inflow and outflow solutions which may or may not form standing shock waves. Assuming that the bulk of the outflow is from the effective boundary layers of these objects, we find that the ratio of the outflow rate and inflow rate varies anywhere from a few percent to even close to a hundred percent (i.e., close to disk evacuation case) depending on the initial parameters of the disk, the degree of compression of matter near the centrifugal barrier, and the polytropic index of the flow. Our result, in general, matches with the outflow rates obtained through a fully time-dependent numerical simulation. In some region of the parameter space when the standing shock does not form, our results indicate that the disk may be evacuated and may produce quiescence states.
Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of Genes Associated with Floral Transition and Flower Development in Sugar Apple (Annona squamosa L.)

Sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) is a semi-deciduous subtropical tree that progressively sheds its leaves in the spring. However, little information is available on the mechanism involved in flower developmental pattern. To gain a global perspective on the floral transition and flower development of sugar apple, cDNA libraries were prepared independently from inflorescent meristem and three flowering stages. Illumina sequencing generated 107,197,488 high quality reads that were assembled into 71,948 unigenes, with an average sequence length of 825.40 bp. Among the unigenes, various transcription factor families involved in floral transition and flower development were elucidated. Furthermore, a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that unigenes exhibiting differential expressions were involved in various phytohormone signal transduction events and circadian rhythms. In addition, 147 unigenes exhibiting sequence similarities to known flowering-related genes from other plants were differentially expressed during flower development. The expression patterns of 20 selected genes were validated using quantitative-PCR. The expression data presented in our study is the most comprehensive dataset available for sugar apple so far and will serve as a resource for investigating the genetics of the flowering process in sugar apple and other Annona species.