Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safety programS By hErb maxEy , csP Safety & Small Business

mall business has been called the backbone of our economy. Large corporations depend on small business to provide them with parts and services that keep them in business. The outcome of our economic recovery may rest on the ability of individuals to create jobs in the small business sector. If you look at the statistics survival rate, safety programs for small business are abysmal. The state of their safety programs may be why so many smaller businesses fail. State after state tracks the safety records of small business vs. large business, and in all cases, the injury rates are far higher in the small business sector. Small business is an area rarely seen by safety people. Most safety professionals have never worked for or with a small business. The reason is the owners of these businesses feel they do not have the resources for mandated safety programs, and they fear the consequences of noncompliance. Most small business owners want to have a safe workplace but do not know how nor do they feel that they have the time or resources to develop a legal and comprehensive safety program. They know that they can contact OSHA for assistance, but they fear the consequences of having a state regulator in their shop. Most have been told that their insurance company may have resources to assist them, but they fear that their insurance rates may go up after the " insurance guy " inspects their business. Most business owners know that professional safety consultants can help them, but the owners feel they cannot afford to hire a consultant and do not have the time or resources to follow up on the consultant's recommendations. In most cases, business owners do not recognize the safety hazards in the work environment and in fact feel that a good safety program is in place, right up until something happens. All three of these situations are partially true and partially untrue. For the small business owner, the big-12 The Compass www.asse. org 2013 gest issue is compliance. When faced with a compliance issue, the business owner feels that compliance is not possible. The business owner can hire or promote an existing employee to be a safety person. If the business owner does not have the available resources but understands that a safety program is needed, s/he can try to do it alone. This never works. The business owner will …
Variability of zooplankton and sea surface temperature in the Southern Ocean

Interactions between physical and biological processes in the Southern Ocean have significant impacts on local ecosystems as well as on global climate. In this thesis, I present evidence that the Southern Ocean circulation affects the variability of zooplankton and sea surface temperature, both of which are involved in air-sea exchanges of carbon dioxide. First, I examine the formation of spatial patterns in the distribution of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) resulting from social behavior. Turbulence of the flow is found to provide favorable conditions for the evolution social behavior in an idealized biological-physical model. Second, I analyze observations of sea surface temperature variability in the region of the Antarctic circumpolar current. Results suggest that propagating anomalies can be explained as a linear response to local atmospheric forcing by the Southern Annular Mode and remote forcing by El-Nifio southern oscillation, in the presence of advection by a mean flow. Thesis Supervisor: Glenn R. Flierl Title: Professor of Oceanography
Data Transmission with Reliability Indication

In most digital communication systems, the information bits to be transmitted are protected against transmission errors. Typically, in the transmitter redundancy is added in a clever way by means of an encoder. In the receiver, a corresponding decoder is able to detect or to correct transmission errors by exploiting the redundancy. This technique is called channel coding. Applications of channel coding include digital cellular radio, data modems, wireless local loops, satellite systems, digital broadcasting systems, and even the compact disk. Conventionally, the decoder does not output any reliability information about the decoded bits. Hence, it is not clear which of the decoded bits are reliable, if any. That knowledge would be important for subsequent processing stages, however. Therefore, decoding with reliability information has become a popular area of research particularly in the last decade: the transmission power can be signiicantly reduced given the same transmission medium and a similar bit error rate performance. In this tutorial, we rstly introduce the basic concept of encoding and decoding. Then, we illustrate a technique to obtain reliability information, before we nally feature some examples. We point out similarities with other research areas, for example classical analog transmission, equalization, digital lters, neuronal networks, etc.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS TRANSFORMS IN RATEMAKING

This article introduces a relatively new method for calculating risk load in insurance ratemaking: the use of proportional hazards (PH) transforms. This method is easy to understand, simple to use, and supported by theoretical properties as well as economic justification. After an introduction of the PH-transform method, examples show how it can be used in pricing ambiguous risks, excess-of-loss coverages, increased limits, risk portfolios, and reinsurance treaties.
Scrolling behaviour with single- and multi-column layout

The standard layout model used by web browsers is to lay text out in a vertical scroll using a single column. The horizontal-scroll layout model--in which text is laid out in columns whose height is set to that of the browser window and the viewer scrolls horizontally - seems well-suited to multi-column layout on electronic devices. We describe a study that examines how people read and, in particular, the strategies they use for scrolling with these two models when reading large textual documents on a standard computer monitor. We compare usability of the models and evaluate both user preferences and the effect of the model on performance. Also interesting is the description of the browser and its user interface which we used for the study.
Phrasing Questions

In a constructive learning setting, a robot builds up beliefs about the world by interacting – interacting with the world, and with other agents. Asking questions is key in such a setting. It provides a mechanism for interactively exploring possibilities, to extend and explain the robot’s beliefs. The paper focuses on how to linguistically phrase questions in dialogue. How well the point of a question gets across depends on how it is put. It needs to be effective in making transparent the agent’s intentions and beliefs behind raising the question, and in helping to scaffold the dialogue such that the desired answers can be obtained. The paper proposes an algorithm for deciding what to include in formulating a question. Its formulation is based on the idea of considering transparency and scaffolding as referential aspects
Randomized trial to assess the immunogenicity, safety and antibody persistence up to three years after a single dose of a tetravalent meningococcal serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in toddlers

Effective vaccines offering broad protection to toddlers, who are at high risk for invasive meningococcal disease, are needed. Here, the immunogenicity, safety and antibody persistence of the tetravalent meningococcal ACWY tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-TT) were evaluated in toddlers. Healthy participants aged 12 to 23 mo (n = 304) were randomized (3:1) to receive one dose of MenACWY-TT or a monovalent meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine (MenC-CRM197). Serum bactericidal activity was evaluated with assays using rabbit (rSBA) and human (hSBA) complement up to three years post-vaccination. MenACWY-TT was demonstrated to be non-inferior to MenC-CRM197 in terms of immunogenicity to serogroup C, and the pre-specified immunogenicity criteria for serogroups A, W-135 and Y were met. Exploratory analyses suggested that rSBA geometric mean titers (GMTs), hSBA GMTs and proportions of toddlers with rSBA titers ≥ 1:128 and hSBA titers ≥ 1:4 and ≥ 1:8 were higher for all serogroups at one month post-vaccination with MenACWY-TT compared with MenC-CRM197. At three years post-vaccination, at least 90.8% and 73.6% of MenACWY-TT recipients retained rSBA titers ≥ 1:8 for all serogroups and hSBA titers ≥ 1:4 for serogroups C, W-135 and Y, respectively, but the percentages of toddlers with hSBA titers ≥ 1:4 for serogroup A decreased to 21.8%. In both groups, grade 3 adverse events were infrequently reported and no serious adverse events were considered causally related to vaccination. These results suggest that one single dose of MenACWY-TT induces a robust and persistent immune response and has an acceptable safety profile in toddlers. This study has been registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov NCT00427908.
Using Image Segmentation as a Basis for Categorization

Image categorization is the problem of classifying images into one or more of several possible categories or classes, which are defined in advance. Classifiers can be trained using machine learning algorithms, but existing machine learning algorithms cannot work with images directly. We consider a representation based on texture segmentation and a similarity measure which has been used successfully in the related area of image retrieval. A generalized kernel for use with the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm can be built from such a similarity measure. We compare this approach with a more straightforward representation based on auto-
Crash Discovery in Stock and Option Markets

This article investigates, both theoretically and empirically, the economics of stock market crashes. Using more than 100 years of daily data on the DJIA (and shorter series on NASDAQ, IBM, and Caterpillar), we first document empirically that (a) the probability of a daily stock market decline in excess of 5% is non-negligible (about 0.25%); (b) stock market crashes are not only relatively more likely to occur than rallies (higher crash arrival rates), but substantially more brutal; (c) the pre-1945 crash valuation measures depart radically from the post-1945 counterpart with the left tail decaying to zero much slower than the right tail; and (d) the motion of large percentage price declines and rises conforms closely with the characteristics of the Frechet distribution (asymptotically). To realistically model the empirical properties of crashes and extremes, we propose a family of Markov processes for which the density of the maximum percentage price drop can also be derived. The objective probability of the crash is found to be related, in an intuitive manner, to higher order moments of the return distribution. Examination of this model suggests that the implied probabilities are not at odds with the empirical counterparts. To assess the implications of our findings for real-life investment analysis, we generated buy/sell signals contingent on the crash probability. Investment trading rules relying on the model's prediction outperform traditional ones (e.g., buy and hold). Our implementation methods are sufficiently versatile to discover crash/rally information embedded in option markets. Exploiting more than 17,000 out-of-money option prices, the framework quantifies three dimensions of crash discovery (i) time-variations in Arrow-Debreu security price on the extreme, (ii) the structure of jump-fear levels, and (iii) the term structure of forward jump-risks. This paper provides a unified treatment for discovering crashes in stock and option markets.
Evaluation and Use of Epidemiological Evidence for Environmental Health Risk Assessment : WHO Guideline Document

Environmental health risk assessment contributes increasingly to policy development, public health decision making, the establishment of environmental regulations, and research planning. It also often plays an important role in cost–benefit analysis and risk communication. Its credibility depends, to a large extent, on the strength of the scientific evidence on which it is based. Epidemiology, toxicology, clinical medicine, and environmental exposure assessment all contribute information for risk assessment. However, epidemiological studies play a unique role in the assessment of the health risk of environmental factors. Unlike laboratory experiments, epidemiology provides evidence based on studies of human populations under real-world conditions. It largely avoids the extrapolations across species and levels of exposure required for the use of data from animal experiments, which contribute large uncertainties. In addition, epidemiology has often contributed to the recognition of new hazards, thereby stimulating new research and identifying new areas for public health action. The contribution of epidemiology to health risk assessment has been widely discussed (1–5). However, epidemiological studies that report associations between measures of the health of populations and the presence of hazardous factors in the environment are frequently difficult to interpret (6,7). Therefore, a careful evaluation of all existing epidemiological evidence is necessary as part of the risk assessment process. To provide authoritative assessments of environmental epidemiology research, public health and regulatory agencies may rely on expert review groups to evaluate the evidence, draw conclusions on the existence of hazard to health, and estimate the magnitude of associated health risks. These expert reviews may then be used to support actions that are difficult and expensive. It is, therefore, imperative that the processes and methods used to evaluate the evidence and estimate health risks are clear, explicit, and based on valid epidemiological theory and practice. To improve the methodology used by the expert groups reviewing the evidence, the World Health Organization (WHO) European Centre for Environment and Health, Bilthoven Division, in collaboration with the International Programme on Chemical Safety, initiated the project “Accepting Epidemiological Evidence for Health Impact Assessment. ” The results of this project are presented in this paper. This report, together with the “Appendix,” summarizing the discussion of the working subgroups is also available as a WHO document (8).
ROLE OF DATA MINING IN RETAIL SECTOR

— Data mining is proved to be one of the important tools for identifying useful information from very large amount of data bases in almost all the industries. Industries are using data mining to increase revenues and reduce costs. This article begins the concept of data mining that has emerged as a technique of discovering patterns to make better strategies and decisions. It also discusses standard tasks involved in data mining, reviews various data mining applications in different sectors. This paper attempts, how data mining can be applied in retail industry to improve market campaign.
Modelo de credibilidade de política monetária com inserção do mercado de crédito

Este artigo propoe-se a introduzir o papel do credito nos modelos de credibilidade de politica monetaria numa economia fechada. Desejamos enfatizar o procresso da conducao da politica monetaria onde os jogadores sao os banqueiros, as firmas e a Autoridade Monetaria. Assim, um elaborador de politicas pode impor surpresas inflacionarias, que podem reduzir a taxa de juro real, considerando-se dada a taxa de juro nominal e, entao, criar condicoes para um incremento no nivel de investimento. Mas, quando as pessoas entenderem os objetivos do policymaker, estas surpresas nao poderao ocorrer sistematicamente.
Housing supply and foreclosures

We explore the role of foreclosure inventories in a model of housing supply. The foreclosure variable is necessary to account for the steep and sustained drop in new construction activity following the U.S. housing market bust beginning in 2006. There is modest evidence that local banking conditions play a role in determining housing starts. Even with state-level foreclosures and banking variables in the model, there is a sizeable post-2006 residual common to all states. We argue that, in addition to observable macro and local factors, housing starts in the Great Recession have been weighed down in part by aggregate uncertainty factors.
The Ariadne Infrastructure for Managing and Storing Metadata

Reusing digital resources for learning has been a goal for several decades, driven by potential time savings and quality enhancements. Although the rapid development of Web-based learning has increased opportunities for reuse significantly, managing learning objects and making them accessible still entails many challenges. This article presents and analyzes the standards-based Ariadne infrastructure for managing learning objects in an open and scalable architecture. The architecture supports the integration of learning objects in multiple, distributed repository networks. The authors capture lessons learned in four architectural patterns.
Romero"s Odyssey to Santa Fe: from Simulation to Real Life

Many a researcher in evolutionary robotics would love to have at his or her disposal a real population of bopping critters. Toward this end, the ultimate goal of our work is twofold: (1) to build a robot that is cheap, modular, and adaptable; and (2) to use a population of such robots in evolutionary-robotics experiments. As a rst step in the study of adaptive robotics using populations of cheap robots, we have designed the Lausanne trail, a realworld version of the simulated Santa Fe trail. We use Lego-based robots equipped with low-cost sensors and actuators to evolve solutions in the real world to the trail-following problem. We describe two di erent sets of experiments and conclude that the real-world problem exhibits fundamental di erences from the virtual one; in particular, the robot's lack of positional information hinders greatly its performance. We propose to study in the future collective map building, an important and interesting problem, which will, among others, provide a solution to the Lausanne-trail problem.
A distributed BIST control scheme for complex VLSI devices

BIST is a viable approach to test today's digital systems. Constraints, such as power, noise, area overhead, and others, limit the possibilities of parallel BIST execution in complex VLSI devices. This paper presents a BIST scheduling process that takes into consideration such constraints, and introduces a new BIST control methodology, that implements the BIST schedule with a highly modular architecture. In fact, due to the uniformity of interface, the BIST control elements are independent of the BIST scheme used in the embedded blocks of a device. This BIST control architecture can provide block level diagnostic information. <<ETX>>
A Misdiagnosis of Traumatic Hypersupination of the Distal Radioulnar Joint: A Case Report

Traumatic hypersupination injury of the distal radioulnar joint is a rare injury, and occurs when sufficient supination force is applied to the joint so as to tear the volar radioulnar ligament, resulting in separation of the triangular fibrocartilage complex, and subluxation of the tendon of extensor carpi ulnaris. This allows the distal ulna to rotate such that the ulnar styloid comes to lie adjacent to the ulna notch of the radius. Treatment of this injury requires manipulation of the joint, under anaesthesia or sedation. We describe a case where posttraumatic radiological investigation of a patient with an anatomical variation of the wrist when in supination resembled a traumatic hypersupination injury of the distal radioulnar joint. A review of the literature has revealed this to be the first reported case of this type.
Dynamically tuning away the cosmological constant in effective scalar tensor theories

It is known that the cosmological constant can be dynamically tuned to an arbitrary small value in classes of scalar tensor theories. The trouble with such schemes is that effective gravity itself vanishes. We explore the possibility of avoiding this ``no-go'' with a spatially varying effective gravity. We demonstrate this in principle with the non-minimally coupled scalar field having an additional coupling to a fermionic field. The expectation value of the scalar field gets anchored to a non-trivial value inside compact domains. But for the non-minimal coupling to the scalar curvature, these configurations are analogous to the non-topological solutions suggested by Lee and Wick. With non-minimal coupling, this leads to a peculiar spatial variation of effective gravity. As before, one can dynamically have the long distance (global) gravitational constant $G$ and ${\Lambda}$, the cosmological constant, tending to zero. However, inside compact domains, $G$ can be held to a universal (non-vanishing) value. Long distance gravitational effects turn out to be indistinguishable from those expected of general theory of relativity (GTR). There are two ways in which the ensuing theory may lead to a viable effective gravity theory: (a) the compact domains could be of microscopic (sub-nuclear) size, or (b) the domains could be large enough to accommodate structures as large as a typical galaxy. Aspects of effective gravity and cosmology that follow are described. A toy Freidman - Robertson - Walker (FRW) model free from several standard model pathologies and characteristic features emerges.
Dynamic Asset Allocation with Regime Shifts and Long Horizon CVaR-Constraints

We analyze portfolio policies for investors who invest optimally for given investment horizons with respect to Conditional Value-at-Risk constraints. We account for non-normally distributed, skewed, and leptokurtic asset return distribution due to regime shifts. The focus is on standard CRRA utility with a money back guarantee at maturity, which is often embedded in individual retirement plans. Optimal solutions for the unconstrained as well as the constrained policy are provided and examined for risk management costs calculated as welfare losses. Our results confirm previous findings that money back guarantees yield mild downside protection at low economic costs for most long term investors.
FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF NATURAL NON-REFERENTIAL ELLIPSIS IN SPANISH ( REVIEW )

Vera Danilova Abstract: This article represents a brief survey of the few works, dedicated to the modern approaches of natural language processing (NLP) to the analysis of impersonal sentences in Spanish. Such an analysis consists in classification of non-referential ellipsis that can be used in machine translation systems. The NLP approaches related with Spanish are mainly based on the work of Rello published in 2010. These approaches do not make use of a proper classification of impersonal models, but of a relative descriptive distribution without strict criteria. The structured classification presented in this article, based on historical and semantic data of interlingual nature, can be also applied for creation of linguistically-motivated classes for machine learning methods. The automatic classification method, employed in the work of Rello, is based on the use of the wellknown WEKA package instance-based learner.