Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Level Set Approach for Incompressible Two-Phase Flows

We present a numerical method using the level set approach for solving incompressible two-phase flow with surface tension. In the level set approach, the free surface is represented as the zero level set of a smooth function; this has the effect of replacing the advection of density, which has steep gradients at the free surface, with the advection of the level set function, which is smooth. In addition, the free surface can merge or break up with no special treatment. We maintain the level set function as the signed distance from the free surface in order to accurately compute flows with high density ratios and stiff surface tension effects. In this work, we couple the level set scheme to an adaptive projection method for the incompressible Navier? Stokes equations, in order to achieve higher resolution of the free surface with a minimum of additional expense. We present two-dimensional axisymmetric and fully three-dimensional results of air bubble and water drop computations.
ethodological issues in the spectral analysis of the heart rate ariability : Application in patients with epilepsy

Purpose: Spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) constitutes a useful tool for the evaluation of autonomic function. However, it is difficult to compare the published data because different mathematical approaches for the calculation of the frequency bands are applied. Our aim was to compare the HRV frequency domain parameters obtained by application of 2 parametric and 2 non-parametric spectral methods in a group of patients with chronic epilepsy. Methods: Sixty-eight patients and 69 healthy controls underwent a 5-min recording of RR signal, which was analyzed off-line in time and in frequency domains. Results: The time domain parameters – variation RR ratio, standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR and coefficient of variation – were significantly lower in patients than in controls. In spectral analysis of the patient group deviation toward opposite directions of Low Frequency band (p = 0.034) and Total Power (p = 0.013) measures was detected depending on the method used. The results of Burg’s and YuleWalker’s parametric methods fitted best to those of time domain estimates for both control and patient groups. Conclusions: Epilepsy-related abnormalities of HRV were disclosed by time as well as by frequency domain analysis. In the present setting, the parametric methods proved to be superior to the non-parametric ones in matching time domain parameters of patients and healthy subjects and at the same time in detecting abnormalities of the frequency domain measures of patients with epilepsy. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Protein aggregates are associated with replicative aging without compromising protein quality control

Differentiation of cellular lineages is facilitated by asymmetric segregation of fate determinants between dividing cells. In budding yeast, various aging factors segregate to the aging (mother)-lineage, with poorly understood consequences. In this study, we show that yeast mother cells form a protein aggregate during early replicative aging that is maintained as a single, asymmetrically inherited deposit over the remaining lifespan. Surprisingly, deposit formation was not associated with stress or general decline in proteostasis. Rather, the deposit-containing cells displayed enhanced degradation of cytosolic proteasome substrates and unimpaired clearance of stress-induced protein aggregates. Deposit formation was dependent on Hsp42, which collected non-random client proteins of the Hsp104/Hsp70-refolding machinery, including the prion Sup35. Importantly, loss of Hsp42 resulted in symmetric inheritance of its constituents and prolonged the lifespan of the mother cell. Together, these data suggest that protein aggregation is an early aging-associated differentiation event in yeast, having a two-faceted role in organismal fitness. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.06197. 001
The HIPASS catalogue: ΩH i and environmental effects on the H i mass function of galaxies

We use the catalogue of 4315 extragalactic H i 21-cm emission-line detections from the H i Parkes All Sky Survey (HIPASS) to calculate the most accurate measurement of the H i mass function (HIMF) of galaxies to date. The completeness of the HIPASS sample is well characterized, which enables an accurate calculation of space densities. The HIMF is fitted with a Schechter function with parameters α=−1.37 ± 0.03 ± 0.05, log (M*/M⊙) = 9.80 ± 0.03 ± 0.03 h−275, and θ*= (6.0 ± 0.8 ± 0.6) × 10−3 h375 Mpc−3 dex−1 (random and systematic uncertainties at 68 per cent confidence limit), in good agreement with calculations based on the HIPASS Bright Galaxy Catalogue, which is a complete, but smaller, sub-sample of galaxies. The cosmological mass density of H i in the local Universe is found to be ΩH i= (3.5 ± 0.4 ± 0.4) × 10−4 h−175. This large homogeneous sample allows us to test whether the shape of the HIMF depends on local galaxy density. We find tentative evidence for environmental effects in the sense that the HIMF becomes steeper toward higher density regions, ranging from α≈−1.2 in the lowest density environments to α≈−1.5 in the highest density environments probed by this blind H i survey. This effect appears stronger when densities are measured on larger scales.
Object-focused interaction in collaborative virtual environments

This paper explores and evaluates the support for object-focused interaction provided by a desktop Collaborative Virtual Environment. An experimental “design” task was conducted, and video recordings of the participants' activities facilitated an observational analysis of interaction in, and through, the virtual world. Observations include: problems due to “fragmented” views of embodiments in relation to shared objects; participants compensating with spoken accounts of their actions; and difficulties in understanding others' perspectives. Implications and proposals for the design of CVEs drawn from these observations are: the use of semidistorted views to support peripheral awareness; more explicit or exaggerated representations of actions than are provided by pseudohumanoid avatars; and navigation techniques that are sensitive to the actions of others. The paper also presents some examples of the ways in which these proposals might be realized.
Replicating Organizational Knowledge: Principles or Templates?

We discuss in some detail two approaches to the replication of practices between units within an organization or a family of organizations. One approach involves the use of causal principles and the other relies on an extant working example (a template). Definitions are provided for the key concepts of templates, principles, and background knowledge. We address the challenges of providing operational measures for successful replication, and for comparing the efficacy of principles and templates. The analysis identifies important contingencies affecting the relative performance of the two methods; the nature and implication of these are discussed.
Optimal multiresolution dynamic models generation based on triangle importance

In this paper, we propose an efficient method to generate optimal multiresolution dynamic models. By the method, we define the triangle importance degree as a weight parameter to be embedded to the edge contraction cost, so the new metric can not only measure distance error but also reflect geometric variation of local areas. A deformation degree weight is appended to the aggregated edge contraction cost for the whole animation, thus sharp features on areas with large deformation can be preserved. In addition, a process of mesh optimization and validity check can further alleviate the geometric distortion of the approximations. Our approach is efficient in operation, easy for implementation, and as a result high quality of dynamic approximations with well-preserved fine details can be generated at any given frame.
PRIMA - a DBMS Prototype Supporting Engineering Applications

The design of the Molecule-Atom Data model, aimed at the effective support of engineering applications, is justified and described with its essential properties and features. MAD offers direct and symmetric management of network structures and recursiveness, dynamic object definition and object handling allowing for both vertical and horizontal access. Its prototype implementation PRIMA is discussed using a multi-level model for the DBMS architecture. Our DBMS kernel provides a variety of access path structures, tuning mechanisms, and performance enhancements transparent at the data model interface. PRIMA is assumed to be used in different run-time environments including workstation coupling and multi-processor systems. In particular, it serves as a research vehicle to investigate the exploitation of ‘semantic parallelism’ in single user operations.
Is a Corpse a Corpse? Spatial Aspects of Necrophoresis in the Western Harvester Ant, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis

Disease poses a threat to any society, and this threat is amplified for societies persisting in cramped quarters over extended periods of time. Highly social (eusocial) insects actively combat the danger of pathogen proliferation with a myriad of tactics, one of which is necrophoresis or the removal of corpses from the nest. This study examines the spatial patterns of the corpse depositions of several wild colonies of the western harvester ant, Pogonmyrmex occidentalis. These colonies were presented with nestmate as well as non-nestmate corpses to discern if this type of waste could be treated categorically. Specialized areas for corpse disposal, reported in the literature as " ant graveyards " were not observed, suggesting that observations of such accumulations in the species may be an artifact of laboratory conditions. Non-nestmate corpses were carried further away from the nest than were nestmate corpses, presumably reducing the chance of introduction of foreign pathogens to the colony. Factors external to the nest mound, such as slope and nearby neighbors, had no detectable effect on these depositions and failed to result in anything other than rather uniform dispersal of this particular waste. These findings shed light on the intricacies of a set of behaviors that are critical to the notable ecological success of these organisms. Research in recent years has increased our understanding of necrophoresis, but much remains to be discovered. Corpse removal is proving to be a dynamic activity in the world of eusocial insects, and investigation of this disease mitigation tactic, along with other such tactics employed by eusocial insects will aid in our understanding of topics such as immunity, division of labor, polyethism, and even the evolution of sociality itself.
Political Morality, Normative Territories and Non-interference - Human Rights as ‘Enabling’ and ‘Inhibiting’ Agents in EU-Asia Relations

This section offers a critical overview of the position, and meaning, of human rights in the context of EU-Asia relations. The chapter adopts a social-constructivist perspective on the European Union's human rights promotion activities across Asia, emphasising the role of values and identities, norms and educational interaction in EU-Asia foreign policy interaction and implementation. The author argues that the majority of EU-Asia debates on the issue of human rights shows evidence of both the enabling and the inhibitory potential of the issue for East-West dialogue. This is borne out in the short case studies in this chapter, which evaluate the EU’s Asia Policies towards Burma (Myanmar), the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of Indonesia, in terms of the potential and the challenges reflected in their human rights content. The chapter closes with a call for a more coherent, lateral and holistic integration of human rights issues into EU-Asia relations.
Retrospective Comparison of Radiological and Clinical Outcomes of PLIF and TLIF Techniques in Patients Who Underwent Lumbar Spinal Posterior Stabilization

AbstractDegenerative disc disease and spinal stenosis lead to various symptoms. Degeneration of facet joints is added to this degenerative process with aging.Seventy-four patients who were admitted to the Spinal Column Outpatient Clinic of the Neurosurgery Department with a diagnosis of degenerative narrow spinal canal and lumbar spondylolisthesis between 2011 and 2013 and who underwent surgery were included in the study.Our study was conducted with 74 patients of whom 73.0% (n = 54) were female and 27.0% (n = 20) were male. Mean age was 54.86 ± 7.87 years (range 34–74). Although we did not detect a difference between the two surgical methods with regard to clinical improvement, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is preferred due to radiological advantages observed one year later, ease of application, and the development of fewer complications.
Maladaptive schemas and psychological well-being in premenopausal and postmenopausal women

Introduction Menopause as an important event during women’s life has serious effects on their mental health. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and psychological well-being in postmenopausal and premenopausal women. Material and methods The research method was descriptive-correlative. The population of this study included menopausal and premenopausal women who were referred to five community centers in district 9 in Tehran in the spring of 2018. The statistical sample comprised 282 (45-55 years old) women who were divided into 142 postmenopausal and 140 premenopausal women selected through accessible sampling. In this study two questionnaires were filled out by sample groups: the Young Schema Questionnaire (2003) and Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-being (1989) were applied. Spearman correlation test and multiple regression analysis were employed in order to analyze hypotheses of this study. Results The results indicated that the collection of schemas which were aimed at predicting psychological well-being in menopausal and premenopausal women were different (p ≤ 0.01). In premenopausal women isolationism, vulnerability, and subjugation schemas, and in postmenopausal women defectiveness/shame, isolationism, dependency, self-control, and approval-seeking schemas predicted psychological well-being. Conclusions Menopause can activate some passive schemas, and psychologists through making women aware of these change and using appropriate interventions can prevent a decrease well-being in them.
Overexpression of potassium channel RNA: in vivo development rescues neurons from suppression of morphological differentiation in vitro

Neuronal differentiation often proceeds differently in vitro than it does in vivo. Previous work demonstrated that overexpression of potassium channel RNA reduces the number of morphologically identifiable neurons that appear in cultures prepared from neural plate stage (17–1/2 hr) embryos (Jones and Ribera, 1994). Here, we report that morphological differentiation of neurons in situ is only slightly affected by overexpression of potassium channels. Endogenous factors appear to compensate for the effect of channel overexpression. Consistent with this view, when cultures are prepared from older neural tube embryos (22–24 hr), more neurons containing excess potassium channel RNA differentiate morphologically in vitro. Exposure in situ to a rapid intracellular calcium chelator, but not to tetrodotoxin, omega- conotoxin or a slow calcium chelator, prevents the compensation provided by extended development in vivo. Typically, RNA overexpression is limited to half of the embryo in order to provide an internal control. However, when potassium channel RNA is overexpressed throughout the embryo, few neurons differentiate morphologically in vitro, even if cultures are prepared from older neural tube embryos. Thus, recovery is possible if a minimum of 5 hr of further development in vivo is allowed under conditions in which rapid elevations of intracellular calcium are permitted and half of the nervous system has normal levels of potassium channel RNA. These results suggest that different or additional mechanisms operate in situ than in vitro to promote morphological differentiation of neurons.
A Set of New Methods and Tools for Enterprise Risk Capital Management and Portfolio Optimization

The focus of this paper is on some new developments in the methodologies for enterprise risk management (ERM). The paper presents a set of new methods and tools, including (i) a universal risk measure tbr both assets and liabilities, (ii) a coherent method of determining the aggregate capital requirement for a firm, and (iii) a coherent method of allocating the cost of capital to individual business units. The discussed methods can be used for asset/loss portfolio optimization, and for quantifying the "'value creation" of ERM. The paper also discusses some correlation models and methods for risk aggregation.
A text retrieval approach to content-based audio retrieval

This paper presents a novel approach to robust, contentbased retrieval of digital music. We formulate the hashing and retrieval problems analogously to that of text retrieval and leverage established results for this unique application. Accordingly, songs are represented as a ”Bagof-Audio-Words” and similarity calculations follow directly from the well-known Vector Space model [12]. We evaluate our system on a 4000 song data set to demonstrate its practical applicability, and evaluation shows our technique to be robust to a variety of signal distortions. Most interestingly, the system is capable of matching studio recordings to live recordings of the same song with high accuracy.
Design of CMOS Avalanche Photodiode for Embedded Laser Range Finder

In this paper, the design of CMOSAPD in standard 0.35 µm CMOS technology is presented;Simulation and Comparison between two CMOS avalanche photodiode (APDs) modes are performed. Electrical and Optical Simulations are carried out using SILVACO ATLAS © Suite. Two modes of Electrical Simulation have been presented. The performances of APDs in both modes have been compared in terms of responsively, noise and gain. Both structures present interesting characteristics.Monolithic integration of sensors and circuits in CMOS processes result in tremendous advantages in terms of dimensions shrink, low power consumption, low cost etc.
Relation Extraction Using TBL with Distant Supervision

Supervised machine learning methods have been widely used in relation extraction that finds the relation between two named entities in a sentence. However, their disadvantages are that constructing training data is a cost and time consuming job, and the machine learning system is dependent on the domain of the training data. To overcome these disadvantages, we construct a weakly labeled data set using distant supervision and propose a relation extraction system using a transformation-based learning (TBL) method. This model showed a high F1-measure (86.57%) for the test data collected using distant supervision but a low F1-measure (81.93%) for gold label, due to errors in the training data collected by the distant supervision method.
In Vitro Pharmacological Activities and GC-MS Analysis of Different Solvent Extracts of Lantana camara Leaves Collected from Tropical Region of Malaysia

We investigated the effect of different solvents (ethyl acetate, methanol, acetone, and chloroform) on the extraction of phytoconstituents from Lantana camara leaves and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Further, GC-MS analysis was carried out to identify the bioactive chemical constituents occurring in the active extract. The results revealed the presence of various phytocompounds in the extracts. The methanol solvent recovered higher extractable compounds (14.4% of yield) and contained the highest phenolic (92.8 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (26.5 mg RE/g) content. DPPH radical scavenging assay showed the IC50 value of 165, 200, 245, and 440 μg/mL for methanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, and chloroform extracts, respectively. The hydroxyl scavenging activity test showed the IC50 value of 110, 240, 300, and 510 μg/mL for methanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, and chloroform extracts, respectively. Gram negative bacterial pathogens (E. coli and K. pneumoniae) were more susceptible to all extracts compared to Gram positive bacteria (M. luteus, B. subtilis, and S. aureus). Methanol extract had the highest inhibition activity against all the tested microbes. Moreover, methanolic extract of L. camara contained 32 bioactive components as revealed by GC-MS study. The identified major compounds included hexadecanoic acid (5.197%), phytol (4.528%), caryophyllene oxide (4.605%), and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- (3.751%).
Distributed Encoding and Retrieval of Spatial Memory in the Hippocampus

To determine whether memory is processed in a localized or distributed manner by the hippocampus, we inactivated small regions of the structure in pretrained rats before a retention test. Ibotenic acid-induced lesions removing 40% of the hippocampal tissue disrupted retrieval of spatial memory in a water maze but failed to affect new learning or retrieval of a task that was acquired postoperatively. Partial inactivation of the hippocampus by local intrahippocampal 5-aminomethyl-3-hydroxyisoxazole muscimol infusion also impaired retrieval but not new learning. This impairment was temporary; infusions had no effect on retrieval of predrug performance when the test was conducted 48 hr after the infusion. Systematic variation of the volume of dorsal and ventral hippocampal lesions showed that successful retrieval required the integrity of the entire dorsal 70% of the hippocampus. Our data suggest that although spatial tasks can be acquired with local ensembles of hippocampal neurons when other parts of the hippocampus are inactivated, spatial memory is normally both encoded and retrieved by a widely distributed hippocampal network.
Smartphone Addiction and Social Support: A Three-year Longitudinal Study

espanolDesde hace algunos anos los estudiosos han venido explorando algunas de las consecuencias negativas que la rapida incorporacion de los telefonos inteligentes en nuestra vida ha tenido en el bienestar psicosocial de los usuarios. La mayoria de los estudios empiricos hasta la fecha son de corte transversal y se realizan con participantes de muestras de conveniencia, lo que ha sido una limitacion en este campo. En este estudio evaluamos la evolucion durante tres anos de la adiccion a telefonos inteligentes y el apoyo social en 241 usuarios espanoles de una muestra nacional representativa. Los resultados del analisis del modelado del crecimiento y modelado de la mezcla de crecimiento indican que ambas trayectorias estan interconectadas: a medida que aumenta la adiccion aumenta el apoyo social. Ademas, los altos niveles de adiccion y los niveles relativamente bajos de apoyo se mantuvieron estables en el tiempo en un grupo de usuarios. Los usuarios de este grupo de elevada adiccion representarian una tendencia en la sociedad digital caracterizada por mayores indices de soledad y dependencia tecnologica. EnglishFor some years now, scholars have been exploring some of the negative consequences for the psychosocial well-being of users that the rapid incorporation of smartphones into our lives has caused. Most of the empirical studies to date are cross-sectional and are carried out with participants from convenience samples, which has been a limitation in this field. In this study, we evaluated the evolution over three years of smartphone addiction and social support in 241 Spanish users of a representative national sample. The results of the analysis of latent growth and growth mixture modeling indicate that both trajectories are interconnected: the more addiction decreases, the more social support increases. In addition, high levels of addiction and relatively low levels of support remained stable over time in a group of users. Users of this high-addiction group would represent a trend in the digital society characterized by higher rates of loneliness and technological dependence.