Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Functional Programmers can Learn from the Visitor Pattern Technical Report , March 2003

This paper explores the practical potential for enhancing code reuse in functional languages by leveraging techniques and experiences from object-oriented programming. Since data types in typed functional languages do not support adding new variants, programming techniques derived from the object-oriented Visitor pattern can be readily applied to recursive functions on trees in functional languages. Specifically, we demonstrate how to define recursive functions on trees in such a way that they can be extended without modification through an inheritance-like mechanism. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the extensions themselves can be made highly reusable through a mechanism akin to mixin-based inheritance, which allows an extension to be applied to any suitable recursive function. These mechanisms combine well with the usual higher-order approach to reuse in functional languages. Although general encodings of inheritance in functional languages are not novel, such encodings lead to a particularly simple and elegant presentation when limited to recursive functions on trees. Because of their simplicity, we believe that these techniques have the potential to enhance code reuse in the practice of functional programming without requiring additional tool support.
Performance analysis of cooperative spectrum sensing for cognitive radio using stochastic geometry

In this paper, we analyse (censored) cooperative spectrum sensing for cognitive radios (CRs) where, in order to save power, each CR only transmits its test statistic to a fusion center (FC) if the test statistic is greater than some threshold (ξ). One problem with this approach is that, it is possible that no test statistics may be transmitted. The solution that we propose here is to choose an optimum test statistic threshold (ξ = ξopt) to avoid (probabilistically) no test statistic being transmitted to the FC. We also propose the additional power saving approach where only if the required CR transmit power (Pi, to achieve a required SNR at the FC) is less than some optimum transmit threshold (Pt = Ptopt) do we transmit the test statistic. We then show the effect of (ξopt, Ptopt) on both the detection performance at the FC (using selection combining) and the total CRs transmit power. Finally, simulation results show this approach mitigates the original problem (in an energy efficient way) of no CR test statistic being transmitted to the FC.
CANCER SURVIVORSHIP : THE NEED FOR COMPREHENSIVE CARE AND THE IMPORTANCE OF ASSUMING AN ACTIVE ROLE

new era in cancer care, the hallmark of which is the interest in the health and psychosocial well-being of people who overcome this disease (Rowland et al., 2013). The significant advances in the treatment and early detection have enabled us to reach five-year survival rates that exceed 50% in the US and Europe (Verdecchia et al., 2007). More specifically, the data provided by the fourth report of the EUROpean CAncer REgistry (EUROCARE-4) indicate that 68% of patients survive after a year and 49% survive after five. In its fourteenth National Congress held in 2013 and based on the data obtained in our country similar to those of other European countries the Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica [Spanish Society of Medical Oncology] (SEOM) estimates that the total population of cancer survivors stands at 1.5 million (range 1.3-1.7) and will reach 5% of the population in the coming years (SEOM, 2013). The existence of this large and growing population of cancer survivors is the key to understanding the interest that has arisen in detecting, controlling and potentially preventing health consequences, not only physically but also from a psychosocial point of view, resulting from the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Thus, the focus of medical, psychological and social care is extended to those patients who have successfully overcome the disease, but may have problems as a result of it or treatment side effects. As noted by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of North America, cancer control constitutes a continuum that extends throughout the different phases in which it is necessary to address the disease. These phases do not end with diagnosis and treatment, but must also contemplate survival. In this framework and taking into account the state of affairs in our country, it is worth highlighting the Manifesto prepared by the SEOM on the care of long survivors (those who are free of disease after five years of diagnosis and treatment, even though this period varies depending on the type of tumor) (SEOM, 2018). The document defends the need to care for this population and to examine the quality of life and the psychosocial needs that it presents in a comprehensive and systematic way. CANCER SURVIVORSHIP: THE NEED FOR COMPREHENSIVE CARE AND THE IMPORTANCE OF ASSUMING AN ACTIVE ROLE
Coordination Technologies for Internet Agents

Since its birth the Internet has always been characterised by a two-fold aspect of a distributed information repository, to store, publish, and retrieve program and data files, and an interaction medium, including a variety of communication services. An important current trend consists of merging the two aspects described above, and envision the Internet as a globally distributed computing platform where communication and computation can be freely intertwined. However, traditional distributed programming models fall short in this context, due to the peculiar characteristics of the Internet. On the one hand, Internet services are decentralised and unreliable. On the other hand, even more important, mobility, either of users, devices, or application components, is going to impact the Internet in the near future. Since Internet applications are intrinsically interactive and collaborative, the definition of an appropriate coordination model and its integration in forthcoming Internet programming languages are key issues to build applications including mobile entities. We sketch the main features that such a model should present. Then, we survey and discuss some coordination models for Internet programming languages, eventually outlining open issues and promising research directions.
Clinical results of the liquid-based cervical cytology tool, Liqui-PREP, in comparison with conventional smears for detection of squamous cell abnormalities.

OBJECTIVE To compare the adequacy and efficacy of the liquid-based cytology tool Liqui-PREP (LP) with the conventional Papanicolaou smear (CS) test, for the screening of squamous cell abnormalities. METHODS Data for 2,000 subjects screened with CS and 4,000 different subjects screened with the LP test were compared. RESULTS LP showed significant decrease in the rate of unsatisfactory smears (P<0.01) and the detection rate for atypical squamous cells was significantly higher (P<0.01). The rate of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was also higher, but this did not reach statistical significance. The number of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions detected was increased with LP, and the histological correlation of LSIL lesions showed a higher positive-predictive value. The coexistence of abnormal colposcopic findings with abnormal smear results was higher for LP (P<0.004). Furthermore, high-risk HPV-DNA detection was found to be increased in atypical LP smears than in normal LP smears. CONCLUSIONS The liquid-based cytology tool LP detected more squamous cell lesions than CS. Also it reduced the number of unsatisfactory results due to enhanced cell visualization, and improved screening for HPV-DNA.
Mechanisms and State of the Art of Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an established treatment of medically refractory partial-onset seizures. Recent data from an open-label multicenter pilot study also suggest a potential clinical usefulness in the acute and maintenance treatment of drug-resistant depressive disorder. Despite the fact that surgery is needed to implant the stimulating device, the option of long-term use largely devoid of severe side effects would give this treatment modality a privileged place in the management of drug-resistant depression. However, definite therapeutic effects of clinical significance remain to be confirmed in large, placebo-controlled trials. Besides the potential clinical usefulness, VNS can be used as a research tool in epilepsy patients implanted for clinical reasons, allowing neurophysiologic investigations of the parasympathetic system and its interactions with other parts of the central nervous system.
Automatic Report Testing without Programming

Testing involves approximately 60% of the cost of software development, and includes the validation of reports, which plays an important role in decision-making in companies. Automatic report testing includes testing the content and the layout of the report. The conventional method used in testing reports leads to a development time of test cases being too high and impractical, and does not allow the automatic report testing of the content and the layout. In order to solve these problems and to simplify the testing of reports, we have developed three complementary approaches in this work. One ‘’ visual ‘’ approach, based on the visual comparison of some aggregations on the report. One semi-automatic approach, based on the use of aggregate functions to make an automatic validation of data. The third approach is automatic, derived from a mathematical definition of a test case introduced here and the use of checksum and metadata. This approach enables the fighting against reports regression and reduces the time of reports testing. As a proof of concept, we designed and built a framework al lowing the tester to do automatic testing of reports, without programming. Its implementation has permitted the automatic testing of reports, in a very economical way.
Neighborhood Evaluation on GPU for the DVRP

For many applications of vehicle routing, there is still a large gap between the requirements and the performance of today’s decision support systems. Although there has been a tremendous increase in the ability to solve ever more complex VRPs (partly due to methodological improvements, partly due to the general increase in computing power), the ability to consistently provide better routing plans in shorter time across a variety of instances will give substantial additional savings. In a generic vehicle routing tool, some form of approximate solution method is required [7,8]. Metaheuristics constitute a popular basis for solving rich and large-size VRPs [2,3,6]. For trajectory based metaheuristics, the typical computational bottleneck is neighborhood evaluation. Similarly, the evaluation of individuals is the bottleneck of population based metaheuristics. These tasks are embarrassingly parallel and prime candidates for parallelization [1].
Silencing of the Hypoxia-Inducible Cell Death Protein BNIP3 in Pancreatic Cancer

Hypoxic conditions exist within pancreatic adenocarcinoma, yet pancreatic cancer cells survive and replicate within this environment. To understand the mechanisms involved in pancreatic cancer adaptation to hypoxia, we analyzed expression of a regulator of hypoxia-induced cell death, Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3). We found that BNIP3 was down-regulated in nine of nine pancreatic adenocarcinomas compared with normal pancreas despite the up-regulation of other hypoxia-inducible genes, including glucose transporter-1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3. Also, BNIP3 expression was undetectable even after hypoxia treatment in six of seven pancreatic cancer cell lines. The BNIP3 promoter, which was remarkably activated by hypoxia, is located within a CpG island. The methylation status of CpG dinucleotides within the BNIP3 promoter was analyzed after bisulfite treatment by sequencing and methylation-specific PCR. Hypermethylation of the BNIP3 promoter was observed in all BNIP3-negative pancreatic cancer cell lines and eight of 10 pancreatic adenocarcinoma samples. Treatment of BNIP3-negative pancreatic cancer cell lines with a DNA methylation inhibitor, 5-aza-2′ deoxycytidine, restored hypoxia-induced BNIP3 expression. BNIP3 expression was also restored by introduction of a construct consisting of a full-length BNIP3 cDNA regulated by a cloned BNIP3 promoter. Restoration of BNIP3 expression rendered the pancreatic cancer cells notably more sensitive to hypoxia-induced cell death. In conclusion, down-regulation of BNIP3 by CpG methylation likely contributes to resistance to hypoxia-induced cell death in pancreatic cancer.
Technical Evaluation: An Evaluation of the Current State of Genomic Data Privacy Protection Technology and a Roadmap for the Future

The incorporation of genomic data into personal medical records poses many challenges to patient privacy. In response, various systems for preserving patient privacy in shared genomic data have been developed and deployed. Although these systems de-identify the data by removing explicit identifiers (e.g., name, address, or Social Security number) and incorporate sound security design principles, they suffer from a lack of formal modeling of inferences learnable from shared data. This report evaluates the extent to which current protection systems are capable of withstanding a range of re-identification methods, including genotype-phenotype inferences, location-visit patterns, family structures, and dictionary attacks. For a comparative re-identification analysis, the systems are mapped to a common formalism. Although there is variation in susceptibility, each system is deficient in its protection capacity. The author discovers patterns of protection failure and discusses several of the reasons why these systems are susceptible. The analyses and discussion within provide guideposts for the development of next-generation protection methods amenable to formal proofs.
D-Brane Potentials from Multi-Trace Deformations in AdS/CFT

It is known that certain AdS boundary conditions allow smooth initial data to evolve into a big crunch. To study this type of cosmological singularity, one can use the dual quantum field theory, where the non-standard boundary conditions are reflected by the presence of a multi-trace potential unbounded below. For specific AdS_4 and AdS_5 models, we provide a D-brane (or M-brane) interpretation of the unbounded potential. Using probe brane computations, we show that the AdS boundary conditions of interest cause spherical branes to be pushed to the boundary of AdS in finite time, and that the corresponding potential agrees with the multi-trace deformation of the dual field theory. Systems with expanding spherical D3-branes are related to big crunch supergravity solutions by a phenomenon similar to geometric transition.
Heterogeneous ensemble classifier approach for clustering problems

Data clustering plays an important role in many disciplines, including data mining, machine learning and pattern recognition, where learning the inherent grouping structure of data in an unsupervised manner is needed. In this paper, a novel clustering ensemble scheme is presented. It gathers clustering and classification methods in order to increase the clustering performances. The proposed approach firstly evaluate the qualities of all obtained clustering results and selectively chooses part of patterns as good prototype (stable ensemble) and the rest as ambiguous patterns (unstable ensemble). The stable ensemble gathers the patterns belonging to one cluster while the unstable set corresponds to ambiguous patterns located between different clusters. The clustering solution of the stable ensemble is used to train a supervised learner, which is later applied to reallocate the reset of patterns affected to the unstable ensemble. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared to some well-known methods of the literature using several real and simulation examples. The obtained results show that the proposed scheme has a better clustering performance than the compared methods.
Regional brain atrophy evolves differently in patients with multiple sclerosis according to clinical phenotype.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Progressive brain atrophy is a well-known feature of multiple sclerosis (MS). We characterized the spatial evolution of atrophy in different MS phenotypes. METHODS Dual-echo and T1-weighted MR images were obtained in 70 patients with MS and 10 healthy control subjects at entry and after 15 months. Within-group changes in regional atrophy were assessed by applying Structural Image Evaluation Using Normalization of Atrophy software and statistical parametric mapping analysis. Reported differences are for P <. 001. RESULTS During follow-up, patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) differences significant atrophy around the ventricular system; pericerebellar spaces; cerebellar tentorium; putamen; corpus callosum; cingulate sulcus; hippocampus; parieto-occipital fissure; lateral fissure; and frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital cortex. Patients with secondary progressive MS developed significant atrophy of the cingulate sulcus; pulvinar; caudate nucleus; anterior orbital gyrus; mammillary body; fourth ventricle; and regions of frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital cortex. Patients with primary progressive MS developed significant atrophy of the bilateral central sulcus; caudate nucleus; prepontine and quadrigeminal cisterns; lateral ventricle; and regions of frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital cortex. In all phenotypes, the development of atrophy in some regions was significantly correlated with the accumulation of T2- and T1-visible lesions and clinical disability (r = -0.57 to -0.86). CONCLUSION In MS, brain atrophy develops involving different structures in the different phenotypes. While ventricular enlargement is predominant in RRMS, cortical atrophy seems to be more important in the progressive forms. Measures of regional brain atrophy were significantly correlated with disability, suggesting that this approach is promising for bridging the gap between clinical and MR imaging findings in MS.
Time reversal signal processing for communication.

Time-reversal is a wave focusing technique that makes use of the reciprocity of wireless propagation channels. It works particularly well in a cluttered environment with associated multipath reflection. This technique uses the multipath in the environment to increase focusing ability. Time-reversal can also be used to null signals, either to reduce unintentional interference or to prevent eavesdropping. It does not require controlled geometric placement of the transmit antennas. Unlike existing techniques it can work without line-of-sight. We have explored the performance of time-reversal focusing in a variety of simulated environments. We have also developed new algorithms to simultaneously focus at a location while nulling at an eavesdropper location. We have experimentally verified these techniques in a realistic cluttered environment.
Disorders typical central auditory speech-sound discrimination in hildren who stutter as indexed by the mismatch negativity

Purpose: Recent theoretical conceptualizations suggest that disfluencies in stuttering may arise from several factors, one of them being atypical auditory processing. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate whether speech sound encoding and central auditory discrimination, are affected in children who stutter (CWS). Methods: Participants were 10 CWS, and 12 typically developing children with fluent speech (TDC). Event-related potentials (ERPs) for syllables and syllable changes [consonant, vowel, vowel-duration, frequency (F0), and intensity changes], critical in speech perception and language development of CWS were compared to those of TDC. Results: There were no significant group differences in the amplitudes or latencies of the P1 or N2 responses elicited by the standard stimuli. However, the Mismatch Negativity (MMN) amplitude was significantly smaller in CWS than in TDC. For TDC all deviants of the linguistic multifeature paradigm elicited significant MMN amplitudes, comparable with the results found earlier with the same paradigm in 6-year-old children. In contrast, only the duration change elicited a significant MMN in CWS. Conclusions: The results showed that central auditory speech-sound processing was typical at the level of sound encoding in CWS. In contrast, central speech-sound discrimination, as indexed by the MMN for multiple sound features (both phonetic and prosodic), was Please cite this article in press as: Jansson-Verkasalo, E. , et al. Atypical central auditory speech-sound discrimination in children who stutter as indexed by the mismatch negativity. Journal of Fluency Disorders (2014), http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jfludis. 2014.07. 001 atypical in the group of CWS. Findings were linked to existing conceptualizations on stuttering etiology. ∗ Corresponding author at: Department of Behavioural Sciences and Philosophy, Logopedics, Assistentinkatu 7, 20014 University of Turku, Finland. el. : +358 23336226; fax: +358 23336270. E-mail addresses: eira.jansson-verkasalo@utu.fi (E. Jansson-Verkasalo), kurt.eggers@thomasmore.be (K. Eggers), anujarve84@gmail.com (A. Järvenpää), lkalervo.suominen@gmail.com (K. Suominen), Bea.vdnBergh@uvt.nl (B. Van den Bergh), luc.denil@sgs.utoronto. ca (L. De Nil), Teija.m. kujala@helsinki.fi T. Kujala). http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jfludis. 2014.07. 001 094-730X/© 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. G Model ARTICLE IN PRESS JFD-5567; No. of Pages 11 2 E. Jansson-Verkasalo et al. / Journal of Fluency Disorders xxx (2014) xxx–xxx Educational objectives: The reader will be able (a) to describe recent findings on central auditory speech-sound processing in individuals who stutter, (b) to describe the measurement of auditory reception and central auditory speech-sound discrimination, (c) to describe the findings of central auditory speech-sound discrimination, as indexed by the mismatch negativity (MMN), in children who stutter. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Theoretical study of the role of the funny current (If) and the background inward current (Ib) in atrioventricular nodal conduction

The aim of the study is to theoretically explore the role of If in atrioventricular nodal conduction using computer simulation. The background current, Ib, is another inward current flowing during diastole and this was also investigated. We began with Inada's model of the rabbit atrioventricular nodal action potential (N-type). There is uncertainty from experiments about the magnitude and properties of If. Therefore, the properties of If and Ib in the model were varied. Four different cases were analysed. A one-dimensional model made up of 100 elements, each 100 μM in length, was used. The diffusion coefficient, D, was set to 0.001 μS mm2. One end of the string (elements 1 to 3) was stimulated at 3 Hz. The conduction velocity was calculated from the times of arrival of the action potential at the 41th and 61th elements. In Inada's original model, blocking If resulted in a 0.85% slowing of conduction, whereas blocking If in a modified model had a greater effect (19.4% slowing in Case 4). The results show that If can theoretically influence the conduction velocity of the atrioventricular node.
Gemination of Consonant in Spontaneous Speech: An Analysis of the "Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese"

In Japanese, there is frequent alternation between CV morae and moraic geminate consonants. In this study, we analyzed the phonemic environments of consonant gemination (CG) using the "Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese (CSJ). " The results revealed that the environment in which gemination occurs is, to some extent, parallel to that of vowel devoicing. However, there are two crucial differences. One difference is that the CG tends to occur in a /kVk/ environment, whereas such is not the case for vowel devoicing. The second difference is that when the preceding consonant is /r/, gemination occurs, but not vowel devoicing. These observations suggest that the mechanism leading to CG differs from that which leads to vowel devoicing.