Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Deformable Image Registration Method Based on B-Spline for Clinical 4D CT

Four-dimensional computed tomography (4D CT) which clearly includes the temporal changes in anatomy during the diagnosis, planning, and delivery of radiotherapy has great promise. Deformable image registration has the potential to reduce the geometrical uncertainty of the target, and makes it possible to signally improve the treatment accuracy by optimizing treatment in response to anatomical uncertainty. In this paper, we used Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm to extract landmark points, and we proposed a registration method based on B-Spline model, then used a limited memory quasi-Newton method to optimize the system, also calls the limited memory BFGS (L-BFGS) method. The deformable registration model B-Spline model can derive the images at all intermediate phases from sets of 3D images acquired at a few known phase points. Because 4D CT can track the location of region of interest (ROI) and tumors over several respiratory cycles, so 4D CT can make the apparent size of the tumor which is caused by breathing motion more accurate. The method is evaluated on 10 4D-CT data sets of patients in a breathing cycle.
ZnTe:O phosphor development for x-ray imaging applications

An efficient ZnTe:O x-ray powder phosphor was prepared by a dry synthesis process using gaseous doping and etching medias. The x-ray luminescent properties were evaluated and compared to standard commercial phosphors exhibited an x-ray luminescent efficiency equivalent to 76% of Gd2O2S:Tb and an equal resolution of 2.5lines∕mm. In addition, the fast decay time, low afterglow, and superior spectral match to conventional charge-coupled devices-indicate that ZnTe:O is a very promising phosphor candidate for x-ray imaging applications.
Time reversal mirror for hyperthermia of multi-focal breast tumors using electromagnetic time reversal technique

ABSTRACT Motivated by the quest to curtail the high mortality rate of breast cancer, the manuscript proposes the sensitivity enhancement of monopole antenna for hyperthermia application by using electromagnetic time reversal (EMTR) technique with transformation structures for early treatment of multi-focal breast tumors. The EMTR technique is characterized with temporal and spatial focusing, hence enhancing the visibility of tumors embedded in the breast medium. In this study, we aim at the non-invasive power deposition on sub-wavelength-sized tumors at sub-wavelength separation incorporation with sub-wavelength scatterers. The paper is focused on enhancing the sensitivity of scattering reception in TR algorithm for hyperthermia application using sub-wavelength sized scatterers. The proposed applicator is an ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole antenna designed with sub-wavelength-sized split ring embedded square patch (SRESP) on a grounded substrate placed below it at some distance to serve as near field scatterer. Another plate of sub-wavelength scatterers but without the ground plate is placed in close proximity to the unhealthy breast in-conjunction with four ultra-wideband antenna time reversal mirrors (UWB-TRM). The proposed method shows promising potential for the selective power deposition for hyperthermia of sub-wavelength-sized tumors at sub-wavelength separations. This technique of enhancing front-end sensor sensitivity can also be extended to other optimization techniques for selective power deposition in hyperthermia of breast cancer.
On the Building Blocks of Sparsity Measures

Understanding the mathematics and the innate machinery of sparsity measures is instrumental in the proper usage of such information measures in various application arenas, ranging from information collection and sensing, to communications and signal processing. In this letter, the structure of sparsity measures is investigated. Specifically, it is shown that sparsity measures satisfying proper sparsity axioms may only be constructed by vector norms. Moreover, the asymptotic behavior of sparsity measures is studied. Owing to their mathematical structure, our numerical results illustrate a convergence of sparsity measures, as the number of input samples grows large.
Temporal Information and Event Bounding Across Languages: Evidence from Visual World EyeTracking from

We explore the typological question of what the interpretation of grammatical perfectivity is, and how it connects to the related aktionsartal notion of boundedness/telicity on the one hand, and the tense category Past on the other. We report on a comparative experimental paradigm of past tense accomplishment sentences in Russian, Spanish and English respectively, in which we use an online visual world paradigm -- comparing looks to an ongoing representation (OE) with a result state representation (CE) -- to track the triggering of entailments of culmination during auditory processing. In all three languages, the results revealed at-ceiling preference for OE in the imperfective condition both in the offline task and the online gaze patterns. In the perfective condition, we found robust differences. In Russian, the choice of the result state (CE) picture in the offline task was at ceiling (95 %); for Spanish it was high, but not quite at ceiling (83 %); in English there was no statistical preference for the CE picture in the Simple Past condition (54 %, not significantly different from chance, p=0.39). Analysis of the participants' online gaze patterns yielded parallel results. Our results for English suggest that even on telic predicates, the simple past form does not obligatorily enforce a completed-event interpretation, contrary to previous assumptions in the literature (Smith 1995).
General mass formula in broken supersymmetry

The mass formula summation/sub J/(- 1)/sup 2J/(2J + 1) m/sub J/ /sup 2/ = 0 is derived for a very general class of interactions with spontaneously broken supersymmetry. It shows the vanishing of the graded trace of the square of the mass operator, with m/sub J/ the mass associated with a (real) field of spin J. This mass relation is shown to be true even in the presence of explicit breaking, provided it fulfills suitable requirements.
Gustafson, weidman, kato, wolf, schechter, browder, Rakočević and Schmoeger essential spectra of the sum of two bounded operators and application to a transport operator

In this paper we investigate the essential spectra of the sum of two bounded linear operators defined on a Banach space by means of the essential spectra of each of the two operators where their products are Fredholm or semi‐Fredholm perturbations. Furthermore, we give an application to a transport operator. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract in Pancreatic Head Resections—A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis

(1) Background: The postoperative morbidity rate after pancreatic head resection remains high, partly due to infectious complications. The primary aim of this study was to analyze the influence of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) on the postoperative infection rate after pancreatic surgery. (2) Methods: From January 2019, the standard of care for patients undergoing pancreatic head resections at the Department for Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Dresden was the preoperative oral administration of SDD. The influence of SDD was evaluated for patients operated on between January 2019 and June 2020 in comparison to a propensity score-matched cohort, extracted from an existing database including all pancreatic resections from 2012 to 2018. The primary endpoint of the study was the shift of the bacterial load on the intraoperative bile swab test. The secondary endpoint was the association of SDD with postoperative complications. (3) Results: In total, 200 patients either with SDD (n = 100; 50%) or without SDD (non-SDD, n = 100; 50%) were analyzed. In the patient group without a preoperative biliary stent, 44% (n = 11) of the non-SDD group displayed positive bacterial results, whereas that was the case for only 21.7% (n = 10) in the SDD group (p = 0.05). Particularly, Enterobacter species (spp.) were reduced from 41.2% (n = 14) (non-SDD group) to 23.5% (n = 12) (SDD group) (p = 0.08), and Citrobacter spp. were reduced by 13.7% (p = 0.09) from the non-SDD to the SDD cohort. In patients with a preoperative biliary stent, the Gram-negative Enterobacter spp. were significantly reduced from 52.2% (n = 12) in the non-SDD group to 26.8% (n = 11) in the SDD group (p = 0.04). Similarly, Citrobacter spp. decreased by 20.6% from 30.4% (n = 7) to 9.8% (n = 4) in the non-SDD compared to the SDD group (p = 0.04). In general, deep fluid collection and abscesses occurred more frequently in the non-SDD group (36%; n = 36 vs. 27%; n = 27; p = 0.17). (4) Conclusions: Adoption of SDD before pancreatic head surgery may reduce the bacterial load in bile fluid. SDD administration does not significantly affect the postoperative infectious complication rate after pancreatic head resections.
Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Nanostructured Copper Films Prepared by Ionized Jet Deposition

Metal coatings represent good strategies to functionalize surfaces/devices and limit bacterial contamination/colonization thanks to their pleiotropic activity and their ability to prevent the biofilm formation. Here, we investigated the antibacterial and antibiofilm capacity of copper coatings deposited through the Ionized Jet Deposition (IJD) on the Calgary Biofilm Device (CBD) against the growth of two gram-negative and two gram-positive pathogenic strains. Three areas (i.e., (+)Cu, (++)Cu, and (+++)Cu based on the metal amount) on the CBD were obtained, presenting nanostructured coatings with high surface homogeneity and increasing dimensions of aggregates from the CBD periphery to the centre. The coatings in (++)Cu and (+++)Cu were efficient against the planktonic growth of the four pathogens. This antibacterial effect decreased in (+)Cu but was still significant for most of the pathogens. The antibiofilm efficacy was significant for all the strains and on both coated and uncoated surfaces in (+++)Cu, whereas in (++)Cu the only biofilms forming on the coated surfaces were inhibited, suggesting that the decrease of the metal on the coatings was associated to a reduced metal ion release. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that Cu coatings deposited by IJD have antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against a broad range of pathogens indicating their possible application to functionalize biomedical devices.
Photoemission and electron-energy-loss-spectroscopy study of C- 60 monolayers adsorbed on Cs-precovered Au(110) and of bulk distilled CsxC60

The adsorption of C60 in submonolayer and monolayer coverages on Cs-precovered Au(110) has been investigated by photoemission and high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. Complete fullerene monolayers display discrete molecular oxidation states of approximately -3, -4, and -6 in the presence of Cs. The oxidation states were determined by a comparison of monolayer electronic structure and vibrational mode frequencies with those of the bulk fullerides. There is no evidence for oxidation states of -2 and -5. Surface-specific measurements on bulk vacuum distilled alkali-fulleride samples showed a strong similarity between the properties of the single-layer films and the surface layers of the bulk material. Annealing experiments demonstrated that it was possible to produce a well-ordered, close-packed monolayer of C60 with an oxidation state of -3, which may be a useful precursor in producing a metastable fcc Cs3C60 film by epitaxial growth. Bonding with the substrate stabilized this film with respect to bulk samples leading to desorption only at temperatures >900 K. Electron-energy-loss spectroscopy of submonolayer C60 in the presence of multilayers of Cs indicates that filling of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO)+1 states occurs. Completion of the monolayer results in extra charge occupying the LUMO band only. However, LUMO+1 occupation can also be brought about by sandwiching complete fullerene monolayers between Cs layers.
Geographically aware estimates of remotely sensed water properties for Chesapeake Bay

Abstract. Remotely sensed water properties are important for a variety of applications, including validation of Earth systems models (ESMs), habitat suitability models, and sea level rise projections. For the validation of next-generation, high or multi-resolution (30 to 60 km) ESMs in particular, the usefulness of operational forecasting products and directly observing satellite-based sensors for validation is limited due to their temporal availability and spatial resolution of <1 year (in some cases) and >30 km2, respectively. To address this validation data gap, we developed a data-driven model to produce high-resolution (<1 km2) estimates of temperature, salinity, and turbidity over decadal time scales as required by next-generation ESMs. Our model fits daily moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua reflectance data to surface observations (<1 m depth) from 2000–2021 in the Chesapeake Bay. The resulting models have similar error statistics as prior efforts of this type for salinity [root mean square error (RMSE): 2.3] and temperature (RMSE: 1.8 C). However, unlike prior efforts, our model is designed as a pipeline meaning that it has the advantage of producing predictions of water properties in future time periods as additional MODIS data becomes available. We also include novel geographically aware predictive features insofar as they capture geographic variation in the influence of flow and surface water exchange in upstream coastal watersheds.
Non‐parametric Estimation of the Residual Distribution

Consider a heteroscedastic regression model Y=m(X) +σ(X)ε, where the functions m and σ are “smooth”, and ε is independent of X. An estimator of the distribution of ε based on non‐parametric regression residuals is proposed and its weak convergence is obtained. Applications to prediction intervals and goodness‐of‐fit tests are discussed.
All-optical XOR and NXOR logic gate implementation method based on dual-parallel phase modulators

Abstract. We proposed a new and simple scheme to implement exclusive OR (XOR) and not exclusive OR (NXOR) logic operations in the optical domain enabled by a dual-parallel phase modulator (PM). Both the intensity and phase of the optical signal are utilized to represent the four different states of two binary inputs, and direct detection is used to map the four states to the corresponding binary output. Through numerical analysis, two PMs with phase offsets were adjusted to π / 2, and the phase shifter between the two PMs was controlled atπ / 2; thus, the NXOR logic gate was successfully carried out. Two PMs with phase offsets were adjusted to π / 2, and the phase shifter between the two PMs was controlled atπ; thus, the XOR logic gate was successfully carried out. Simulations were successfully carried out at the speed of 10 Gb/s.
Mid-Infrared Interferometry on Dust Shells around Four Late-Type Stars

The spatial distributions of dust around four late-type stars measured with the University of California, Berkeley, Infrared Spatial Interferometer (ISI) located at Mount Wilson, California, are described. Used as a heterodyne interferometer at 11.15 μm, the ISI was able to resolve the dust shells around late-type stars U Orionis, χ Cygni, W Aquilae, and IRC +10011 (CIT 3), including their inner radii. Models for dust distribution around these stars have been obtained by fitting the visibility data for both maximum and minimum luminosities and also available mid-infrared spectra of each star. Dust grains are modeled as a mixture of silicates and graphite, and since only two telescopes were used for these observations, the shells are assumed to be spherically symmetric. Visibility curves are shown to change with the luminosity phase of the star, with a larger fraction of the total 11 μm flux emitted from the dust near the star at the maximum than at the minimum phase. Mass-loss rates and estimates of the composition of the dust shell are provided for each star, and dust particle size is determined for IRC +10011 (CIT 3) by comparison of near- and mid-infrared visibilities.
The Association between Healthy Beverage Index and Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity Phenotypes among Obese Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Metabolic phenotypes are new dimensions of obesity. Two important types of these phenotypes are metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). Studies showed that the components of the healthy beverage index (HBI) such as sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), milk, and fruit juices might have an association with MHO and MUO phenotypes. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 210 women with the age range of 18–65 years and a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2. The age range of the study population was the main inclusion criterion. Dietary intakes were assessed using a 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), as well as biochemistry and anthropometric parameters, in all participants. Metabolic health phenotypes were considered using the Karelis score, whilst HBI was evaluated based on 8 categories of beverages consumed. Analysis was carried out using binary logistic regression. Result After controlling for a wide variety of confounding variables such as age, energy intake, BMI, education, physical activity, marriage, economic status, job, and supplementation, we found that the participants in the highest tertile of HBI had a lower risk of abnormal metabolic status than those in the lowest tertile (OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.07–3.21; P trend: 0.04), and it was not statistically significant, but we saw a significant trend. Conclusion In conclusion, it seems that higher adherence to HBI can minimize the risk of metabolic abnormality, based on a significant trend.
A simple profilometer for film thickness measurement

A simple profilometer based upon a commercial strain gauge force transducer is described. It has been used on polymer film coated substrates to determine film thicknesses on the order of 10.0 μm. Measured film thicknesses agree with gravimetrically determined values to within ±0.3 μm.
Integrative Learning in History Education: A Systematic Literature Review

In general, history is a construction of the past that should use models, methods, and concepts of other social sciences to explain the changes or events throughout human life and civilization. Thus, the assumption that history should be explained from a broader perspective of social sciences and the deep analysis of social theory has transformed the need for an interdisciplinary approach in history education. In the quest for an advanced learning approach to history education, this article proposes integrative learning as an approach that could meet the need for the integration of various perspectives and theories from social science disciplines in learning history. Constructively explained through a systematic literature review of related studies oriented towards history, interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and integrative learning, this article works on the possibility of integration encompassing four steps, namely establishing a purpose, understanding and leveraging disciplinary insights, leveraging integration, and critical stance. Despite the lack of empirical research, integrative learning is a promising concept that could improve the method of fostering high-order thinking skills in history education.
Evidence of Sharing of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Between Intensive Care Unit Patients and the Environment

Purpose Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KP) has emerged as an important public health threat. Intestinal colonization with CR-KP increases the risk of infection and death, especially in intensive care unit patients. To clarify the source of colonizing bacteria is very important to prevent the spread of CR-KP, so the purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the ward environment and intestinal colonization of CR-KP. Methods In this study, 353 environmental swabs from ICU (Intensive Care Unit) wards and 241 anal swab samples from ICU patients were collected and screened on MacConkey plates containing 2 μg/mL ertapenem, and the origin and genotype of CR-KP were analyzed by PCR and sequencing. The sequence type of the strains was also obtained by multi-locus sequence type (MLST) analysis, and plasmid conjugation test was used to clarify whether CR-KP can promote the transmission of drug resistance genes through plasmid integration and rearrangement. Results A total of 20 CR-KP environmental strains and 7 intestinal strains were obtained, most of which were blaOXA-48 resistant genotypes. Four different STs were identified by multi-locus sequence type (MLST) analysis, among which the large logarithm was ST485 type, and PFGE clustering showed that the similarity between them was >85%. In the plasmid transcoupling assay, we report that one of the Klebsiella pneumoniae drug-resistant plasmids was successfully transferred to E. coli, indicating that it may promote the spread of drug-resistant genes through plasmid integration and rearrangement. Conclusion Our research suggests that the environment may be a potential source of CR-KP and that there is a need for us to adopt more effective disinfection measures.
Reduced production rates in the economic lot scheduling problem

The economic lot scheduling problem were the item's production rates can be reduced from the current or nominal production rates is considered. Management may be interested in reducing production rates to avoid a rapid accumulation of inventories. The instances of the problem where reducing the production rates leads to a decrease in a sharp lower bound of the average cost are characterized. These instances include problems where the independent solution ( strictly) satisfies the capacity constraint. The independent solution is likely to satisfy the capacity constraint in facilities with nominal production rates that are high relative to the demand rates, or in facilities with small setup times. It is shown that, in minimizing a sharp lower bound on the average cost, it is optimal to reduce the rate of at most one item. A simple test identifies the item, typically the slowest, with potential for production rate reduction. If a reduction is warranted a line search, on the dual variable of the capacity cons.
Beam on tensionless elastic foundation

An infinitely long elastic beam rests under gravity on a tensionless elastic foundation and is acted upon by a pair of moving loads. This action results in the creation of lift‐off regions between the beam and the foundation that effect the character of the response. The solution includes the determination of the location, magnitude, and extent of the lift‐off region(s) as well as the beam deflection at any point. Sample calculations for parameters relevant in railroad systems show that the effect of lift‐off is substantial. Also included in this analysis is the effect of constrained thermal expansion.