Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Co-Training for Topic Classification of Scholarly Data

With the exponential growth of scholarly data during the past few years, effective methods for topic classification are greatly needed. Current approaches usually require large amounts of expensive labeled data in order to make accurate predictions. In this paper, we posit that, in addition to a research article’s textual content, its citation network also contains valuable information. We describe a co-training approach that uses the text and citation information of a research article as two different views to predict the topic of an article. We show that this method improves significantly over the individual classifiers, while also bringing a substantial reduction in the amount of labeled data required for training accurate classifiers.
Optimisation of thermal treatment of invasive alien plants (IAPs) for char production for use in combustion applications

ii Opsomming . iv Dedication . vii Acknowledgements . viii Table of contents . ix List of Figures . xvi List of Tables . xix List of acronyms and abbreviations . xxi Chapter
13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13)

The thirteen valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13, Prevenar 13Ô) is the broader coverage successor to the highly effective seven valent vaccine (PCV7, PrevenarÔ) which has reduced rates of pneumococcal disease in many countries. Despite the success of PCV7, pneumococcal disease due to non-PCV7 serotypes remains a threat in many settings, in particular many developing countries with a high burden of pneumococcal disease where serotype 1 and 5 are among the most common serotypes. Disease due to certain non-PCV7 serotypes, in particular serotype 19A has also begun to increase in incidence in countries with widespread use of PCV7. PCV13 consists of thirteen pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides individually conjugated to the diphtheria-derived protein carrier CRM197. In addition to serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F included in PCV7, PCV13 also includes serotypes 1, 3, 5, 6A, 7F and 19A. PCV13 was licensed on the basis of non-inferiority trials and has proved to be at least as safe and effective as PCV7. PCV13 replaced PCV7 in the childhood immunisation schedules of the USA and UK in 2010 and is being rolled out to an increasing number of developing countries during 2011. Here we review the current literature regarding this vaccine, describing safety, efficacy, global serotype coverage and use and future directions.
Preoperative staging of lung cancer with combined PET-CT.

BACKGROUND Fast and accurate staging is essential for choosing treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The purpose of this randomized study was to evaluate the clinical effect of combined positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) on preoperative staging of NSCLC. METHODS We randomly assigned patients who were referred for preoperative staging of NSCLC to either conventional staging plus PET-CT or conventional staging alone. Patients were followed until death or for at least 12 months. The primary end point was the number of futile thoracotomies, defined as any one of the following: a thoracotomy with the finding of pathologically confirmed mediastinal lymph-node involvement (stage IIIA [N2]), stage IIIB or stage IV disease, or a benign lung lesion; an exploratory thoracotomy; or a thoracotomy in a patient who had recurrent disease or death from any cause within 1 year after randomization. RESULTS From January 2002 through February 2007, we randomly assigned 98 patients to the PET-CT group and 91 to the conventional-staging group. Mediastinoscopy was performed in 94% of the patients. After PET-CT, 38 patients were classified as having inoperable NSCLC, and after conventional staging, 18 patients were classified thus. Sixty patients in the PET-CT group and 73 in the conventional-staging group underwent thoracotomy (P=0.004). Among these thoracotomies, 21 in the PET-CT group and 38 in the conventional-staging group were futile (P=0.05). The number of justified thoracotomies and survival were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The use of PET-CT for preoperative staging of NSCLC reduced both the total number of thoracotomies and the number of futile thoracotomies but did not affect overall mortality. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00867412.)
ACE inhibitors are associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality versus angiotensin II receptor blockers in patients with diabetes mellitus

Commentary on : Cheng J, Zhang W, Zhang X, et al. Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular deaths, and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174:773–85. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Renin-angiotensin system blockade has been proven to reduce mortality and morbidity in populations at high risk for cardiovascular events. This extends to the patients with diabetes mellitus, where evidence-based guidelines recommend first -line treatment with ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with hypertension and/or proteinuria.1 However, few studies have directly compared ACEIs to ARBs in a randomised-controlled trial (RCT) design. Since ACEIs and ARBs antagonise the renin-angiotensin system through different mechanisms, it is possible that their effects on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes may not be identical. This was a meta-analysis of RCTs that compared different ACEI and ARB regimens in patients with diabetes … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%2BIntern%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D174%26rft.spage%253D773%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjamainternmed.2014. 348%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F24687000%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=10.1001/jamainternmed.2014. 348&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=24687000&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F19%2F6%2F218.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=000336842700025&link_type=ISI
Effects of Nelumbo nucifera Rhizome Extract on Cell Proliferation and Neuroblast Differentiation in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus in a Scopolamine‐induced Amnesia Animal Model

A large aquatic herb, Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, has psychopharmacological effects similar to minor tranquillizers and antistress agents. This study examined the effects of Nelumbo nucifera rhizome extracts (NRE) on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of a rat model of scopolamine‐induced amnesia. Immunohistochemical markers included Ki67, an endogenous marker for active cell cycle, and doublecortin (DCX), a marker for immature neurons and migratory neuroblasts. Scopolamine was administered for 28 days via an ALzet minipump (44 mg/mL delivered at 2.5 µL/h). NRE was administered by gavage, 1 g/kg per day for 28 days. The administration of scopolamine significantly reduced the number of Ki67‐ and DCX‐immunoreactive cells in the DG, whereas scopolamine did not induce any significant changes in mature neurons in the DG. The administration of NRE significantly ameliorated the scopolamine‐induced reduction of Ki67‐ and DCX‐immunoreactive cells in the DG. In addition, the administration of NRE significantly restored the scopolamine‐induced reduction of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in DG homogenates. These results suggest that NRE can ameliorate the scopolamine‐induced reductions of cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation and BDNF levels. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hardware Support for Advanced Data Management Systems

This thesis considers the problem of the optimal hardware architecture for advanced data management systems, of which the REL system can be considered a prototype. Exploration of the space of architectures requires a new technique which applies widely varying work loads, performance constraints, and heuristic configuration rules with an analytic queueing network model to develop cost functions which cover a representative range of organizational requirements. The model computes cost functions, which are the ultimate basis for comparison of architectures, from a technology forecast. The discussion shows the application of the modeling technique to thirty trial architectures which reflect the major classifications of data base machine architectures and memory technologies. The results suggest practical design considerations for advanced data management systems.
Severe sepsis in cirrhosis

Sepsis is physiologically viewed as a proinflammatory and procoagulant response to invading pathogens. There are three recognized stages in the inflammatory response with progressively increased risk of end‐organ failure and death: sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. Patients with cirrhosis are prone to develop sepsis, sepsis‐induced organ failure, and death. There is evidence that in cirrhosis, sepsis is accompanied by a markedly imbalanced cytokine response (“cytokine storm”), which converts responses that are normally beneficial for fighting infections into excessive, damaging inflammation. Molecular mechanisms for this excessive proinflammatory response are poorly understood. In patients with cirrhosis and severe sepsis, high production of proinflammatory cytokines seems to play a role in the worsening of liver function and the development of organ/system failures such as shock, renal failure, acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome, coagulopathy, or hepatic encephalopathy. In addition, these patients may have sepsis‐induced hyperglycemia, defective arginine‐vasopressin secretion, adrenal insufficiency, or compartmental syndrome. In patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), early use of antibiotics and intravenous albumin administration decreases the risk for developing renal failure and improves survival. There are no randomized studies that have been specifically performed in patients with cirrhosis and severe sepsis to evaluate treatments that have been shown to improve outcome in patients without cirrhosis who have severe sepsis or septic shock. These treatments include recombinant human activated C protein and protective‐ventilation strategy for respiratory failure. Other treatments should be evaluated in the cirrhotic population with severe sepsis including the early use of antibiotics in “non‐SBP” infections, vasopressor therapy, hydrocortisone, renal‐replacement therapy and liver support systems, and selective decontamination of the digestive tract or oropharynx. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
NORMAL DEVELOPMENT INFANCY, CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE

This publication is intended for professionals training or practicing in mental health and not for the general public. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Editor or IACAPAP. This publication seeks to describe the best treatments and practices based on the scientific evidence available at the time of writing as evaluated by the authors and may change as a result of new research. Readers need to apply this knowledge to patients in accordance with the guidelines and laws of their country of practice. Some medications may not be available in some countries and readers should consult the specific drug information since not all dosages and unwanted effects are mentioned. Organizations, publications and websites are cited or linked to illustrate issues or as a source of further information. This does not mean that authors, the Editor or IACAPAP endorse their content or recommendations, which should be critically assessed by the reader. Websites may also change or cease to exist. ©IACAPAP 2012. This is an open-access publication under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License. Use, distribution and reproduction in any medium are allowed without prior permission provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. Send comments about this book or chapter to jmreyATbigpond.net. au Suggested citation: Guerra NG, Williamson AA, Lucas-Molina B. Normal development: Infancy, childhood, and adolescence. In Rey JM (ed), IACAPAP e-Textbook of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Geneva: International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions 2012. Nancy G Guerra EdD
RESPIRATORY EFFECTS UPON THE VISUAL THRESHOLD

Measurements are reported of the effects of respiratory stresses upon the absolute threshold of peripheral (rod) vision. Since subjects were kept wholly dark adapted and the photochemical system of the rods therefore stationary, the changes recorded may be assumed to have originated more centrally. To this degree the measurements provide a quantitative index of central nervous imbalance. Breathing room air or 32 to 36 per cent oxygen at about double the normal rate causes the visual threshold to fall to approximately half the normal value within 5 to 10 minutes. This change is due primarily to alkalosis induced by the hyperventilation, and can be abolished or reversed by adding carbon dioxide to the inspired mixtures. Normal or rapid breathing of 2 per cent carbon dioxide causes no change in threshold; with 5 per cent carbon dioxide the threshold is approximately doubled. Breathing 10 per cent oxygen at the normal rate also approximately doubles the threshold. This effect is compensated in part by rapid breathing. When 10 per cent oxygen is breathed at twice the normal rate the threshold usually falls at first, then slowly rises to supernormal levels. Due primarily to variations in their breathing patterns subjects yield characteristically different responses on sudden exposure to low oxygen tensions with breathing uncontrolled. The threshold may either rise or fall; and on release from anoxia it may rise, or fall to normal or subnormal levels. The threshold adjusts to anoxia rapidly; exposures lasting 5 to 6 hours do not produce greater or more persistent changes than those of much shorter duration.
Rabeprazole and esomeprazole in mild-to-moderate erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease: A comparative study of efficacy and safety

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of rabeprazole and esomeprazole in mild-to-moderate erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Materials and Methods: A randomized, single-blinded, outdoor-based clinical study was conducted on 60 patients of mild-to-moderate erosive GERD. After baseline clinical assessment and investigations, rabeprazole (40 mg) was prescribed to 30 patients and esomeprazole (40 mg) to another 30 patients for 4 weeks. The efficacy variables were change in GERD symptom scoring, endoscopic findings, and Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia (QOLRAD) scoring over 4 weeks. Result: Heartburn, acid regurgitation, and overall GERD symptom scoring (P = 0.01) were significantly decreased with rabeprazole in comparison to esomeprazole. The comparative study of all five domains of the QOLARD questionnaire including overall scoring revealed a statistically significant improvement in the rabeprazole group. Endoscopic findings in the rabeprazole group showed an absolute improvement of 30% and relative improvement of 55% over esomeprazole. Both the drugs were well tolerated having no significant difference in the incidence of adverse effects. Conclusion: Rabeprazole (40 mg) is a better choice for mild-to-moderate GERD compared with esomeprazole (40 mg) because of its better efficacy and safety profile.
A General, Constructive Approach to Fault-Tolerant Design Using Redundancy

The use of redundancy to attain a fault-tolerant system design is described. Specifically, a general theory of redundancy is proposed that allows the design of fault-tolerant structures at the system-level, gate-level, or both. The theory accounts for classic approaches to redundant design such as TMR, NMR, and quadded and interwoven logics. It is shown that, by using mathematical block theory, it is possible to describe complex interconnections of redundant elements in a simple, straightforward fashion. Comparisons are made with other approaches to redundant design. >
Discovering Recurring Patterns in Time Series

Partial periodic patterns are an important class of regularities that exist in a time series. A key property of these patterns is that they can start, stop, and restart anywhere within a series. We classify partial periodic patterns into two types: (i) regular patterns−patterns exhibiting periodic behavior throughout a series with some exceptions and (ii) recurring patterns−patterns exhibiting periodic behavior only for particular time intervals within a series. Past studies on partial periodic search have been primarily focused on finding regular patterns. One cannot ignore the knowledge pertaining to recurring patterns. This is because they provide useful information pertaining to seasonal or temporal associations between events. Finding recurring patterns is a non-trivial task because of two main reasons. (i) Each recurring pattern is associated with temporal information pertaining to its durations of periodic appearances in a series. Obtaining this information is challenging because the information can vary within and across patterns. (ii) Finding all recurring patterns is a computationally expensive process since they do not satisfy the anti-monotonic property. In this paper, we propose recurring pattern model by addressing the above issues. We also propose Recurring Pattern growth algorithm along with an efficient pruning technique to discover these patterns. Experimental results show that recurring patterns can be useful and that our algorithm is efficient.
Serum Uric Acid Independently Predicts Cardiovascular Events in Advanced Nephropathy

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease and is also associated with elevated uric acid, which is emerging as a nontraditional CV risk factor. We therefore evaluated uric acid as a risk factor for CV disease in subjects presenting to nephrologists with CKD who were not on medications known to alter endothelial function. Methods: 303 subjects with stage 3–5 CKD were followed for a mean of 39 months (range 6–46) and assessed for fatal and nonfatal CV events. Hyperuricemia was defined as uric acid >6.0 mg/dl for women and >7.0 mg/dl for men. In addition to other CV risk factors, endothelial function (flow-mediated dilatation), inflammatory markers (hsCRP), and insulin resistance (HOMA index and fasting insulin levels) were included in the analysis. We evaluated the association between uric acid and flow-mediated dilatation with linear regression. The impact of uric acid on composite CV events was assessed with Cox regression analysis. Results: Of a total of 303 patients, 89 had normouricemia and 214 had hyperuricemia. Both fatal (32 of 214 vs. 1 of 89 subjects) and combined fatal and nonfatal (100 of 214 vs. 13 of 89 subjects) CV events were more common in subjects with hyperuricemia compared with normal uric acid levels, and this was independent of estimated glomerular filtration rate, traditional CV risk factors including diabetes, hypertension and BMI, and nontraditional risk factors (hsCRP and endothelial function). The 46-month survival rate was 98.7% in the group with low uric acid compared to 85.8% in patients with high uric acid (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for CV events in subjects presenting with CKD who are not on medications known to alter endothelial function.
A test framework for CORBAstar component model-based software systems

In this paper we present a framework for testing software systems that is based on the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA∗) component model (CCM) standard. An important aspect of CCM-based systems is that they must be verifiable and testable at the abstract level of their design, regardless of the language chosen to implement the component. Component-based systems allow the development and testing of components to be divided among development groups working in parallel. However, dependencies between separately developed components may cause delays in testing. The test framework we present allows for the automatic generation—based on their external specification—of reactor components that testers can use as substitutes for components their components depend on, but that have not yet been developed. The test components generated can respond to an invocation interactively or automatically by means of a test script. The framework can also visualize interactions between components as they flow through a distributed system, and can compare runtime interactions with design specifications. The approach to testing that we describe was first explored in the distributed software component (DSC) framework developed as part of the FRIENDS project, and has been used successfully in the WINMAN European research project, which deals with network management applications. The test framework has now been extended and adapted for the CCM architecture. It is currently implemented as part of the COACH research project, which is sponsored by the European Commission. © 2003 Lucent Technologies Inc.
SYNTHESIS OF TRIPLE-BAND AND QUAD-BAND BANDPASS FILTERS USING LUMPED-ELEMENT COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE RESONATORS

This paper develops a novel design method for synthesizing the multi-passband filter with high flexibility in various passband location and fractional bandwidth. Using the proposed compensation technology in the equivalent circuit of multi-passband resonator, the cutoff frequencies and matching property in passband regions can be improved. Tripleand quad-band bandpass filters operating in both wireless local area network (WLAN) 802.11 a/b/g and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) systems are presented to verify the design method. The lumped-element coplanar waveguide stub fabricated by the split-ring resonator is established to realize filter with compact size. All the measured, full-wave simulated and equivalent-circuit modeled results illustrate a good agreement among them, which validates the multi-passband design methodology and shows the advantages of DC elimination and deep rejection between each passband.
Targeted Delivery of Drug Loaded Albumin Nanoparticles to Emphysematous Lungs to Preserve Elastin and Mitigate Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity

____________________________________________________ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS _________________________________________ iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ___________________________________________ vi LIST OF FIGURES ______________________________________________ xiii LIST OF TABLES ______________________________________________ xvii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS _____________________________________ xviii 1 Literature review _____________________________________________ 1 1.1 The respiratory system ____________________________________ 1 1.2 Composition of lung tissue _________________________________ 2 1.3 Lung physiology _________________________________________ 2 1.4 Lung volumes ___________________________________________ 5 1.5 Lung disorders __________________________________________ 6 1.6 Symptoms and diagnosis __________________________________ 8 1.7 Emphysema: Molecular pathophysiology ____________________ 9 1.8 Oxidative stress in COPD _________________________________ 10 1.9 Elastin degradation and its importance _____________________ 12 1.10 Elastin loss in COPD _____________________________________ 15