Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Good Science and Stories Can Go Hand‐In‐Hand

HEATHER M. LESLIE,∗† ERICA GOLDMAN,‡ KAREN L. MCLEOD,§ LEILA SIEVANEN,† HARI BALASUBRAMANIAN,∗∗††† RICHARD CUDNEY-BUENO,†† AMANDA FEUERSTEIN,‡‡ NANCY KNOWLTON,‡‡ KAI LEE,†† RICHARD POLLNAC,§§ AND JAMEAL F. SAMHOURI∗∗∗ ∗Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, U.S.A. †Center for Environmental Studies, Brown University, Box 1943, Providence, RI 02912, U.S.A. ‡COMPASS, 9523 Clement Road, Silver Spring, MD 20910, U.S.A. §COMPASS, Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-2914, U.S.A. ∗∗Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Arlington, VA 22202, U.S.A. ††The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, 300 2nd Street, Los Altos, CA 94022, U.S.A. ‡‡Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A. §§Department of Marine Affairs, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, U.S.A. ∗∗∗National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard E. , Seattle, WA 98112, U.S.A. †††EcoAdvisors, 1758 Henry Street, Halifax NS, B3H 3K6 Canada
Concentration of enteroviruses from large volumes of turbid estuary water.

A method is described for the efficient concentration of viruses from large volumes of highly turbid estuary water. Virus in acidified seawater in the presence of aluminum chloride is adsorbed to a 10-in. (about 25.4 cm) fibreglass depth cartridge and 2- and 0.65-micron epoxy-fibreglass filters in series. This filter series is capable of efficiently adsorbing enteroviruses from 50 U.S. gallons (about 190) of estuary water of varying salinity and turbidity. Adsorbed viruses were eluted from the filters with glycine buffer (pH 11.5) and the eluate reconcentrated by using a precipitate formed by the addition of ferric chloride. Viruses were eluted from this precipitate with fetal calf serum. Using this procedure, four different enteroviruses in 50 gallons (about 190) of estuary water were concentrated 9 000- to 12 000-fold with an overall efficiency of 41%.
Randomized clinical trial comparing laparoscopic and open surgery for colorectal cancer within an enhanced recovery programme

Laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer may improve short‐term outcome without compromising long‐term survival or disease control. Recent evidence suggests that the difference between laparoscopic and open surgery may be less significant when perioperative care is optimized within an enhanced recovery programme. This study compared short‐term outcomes of laparoscopic and open resection of colorectal cancer within such a programme.
The Relationship Between Pains and Various Discomforts in SchoolChildren

This study differentiates multiple and specific pain experiences (headache, stomach pain and back pain) in a sample of 2173 Icelandic 11- to 12- and 15- to 16-year-old schoolchildren, and explores their relationship with other discomforts typically viewed as distress symptoms. In particular, the study explores the relationship between pain combinations and specific as well as general discomforts. The study finds that subjects experiencing any frequency or number of pains have significantly more discomforts than painfree subjects. Furthermore, having two or more types of pain is associated with more discomfort than having individual pains at all pain frequency levels. Among subjects experiencing recurrent pain, the most frequent discomforts include anger, anxiety, sadness and sleeping difficulties. However, the discomforts most sensitive to recurrent pain include fatigue, dizziness, tension/restlessness, concentration problems and sadness. The results are troublesome in view of the generally high prevalence of pain experiences in schoolchildren.
Aggregation Algorithms for Perturbed Markov Chains with Applications to Networks Modeling

A powerly perturbed Markov chain (MC) is a family of finite MCs given by transition probability matrices $P(\varepsilon)=(p_{ij}(\varepsilon))$ (or generators for continuous-time MCs) such that $p_{ij}(\varepsilon)=\delta_{ij}\varepsilon^{d_{ij}}+o(\varepsilon^{d_{ij}})$, $\varepsilon\rightarrow0$. In the simplest case we have popular nearly completely decomposable (NCD) chains. It has been shown by directed forest expansions that solutions of linear systems related to $P(\varepsilon)$ have a form $x_i(\varepsilon)=\alpha_i\varepsilon^{a_i}+o(\varepsilon^{a_i})$ for some vectors $\boldsymbol{\alpha}=(\alpha_i)$ and $\mathbf{a}=(a_i)$. Many characteristics of MCs such as stationary distributions, mean passage times, or limiting matrices can be defined in this way. We present efficient combinatorial aggregation algorithms for computing $\mathbf{a}$ and $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$. The algorithms rely on grouping the states of MCs in such a way that the probability of changing the state inside the group is of a greater order of magnitude than the interactions between groups. In contrast to existing methods, our approach is based on a combinatorial framework and can be seen as an algorithmization of the famous matrix tree theorem. We establish some preliminary results on the complexity of our algorithms. Numerical experiments on several network models, such as queueing systems or the Google problem, show the potential applicability of the method in real-life problems.
Association among menopause, hormone replacement therapy, and periodontal attachment loss in southern Brazilian women.

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association among menopause, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and periodontal attachment loss (PAL). METHODS Three hundred twenty-eight women (40 to 69 years old) who participated in a previous oral survey in South Brazil were included. Women who reported not having their monthly menstrual cycles for >or=12 months were classified as postmenopausal. Postmenopausal women were categorized according to HRT. Women with >or=30% teeth with PAL >or=5 mm were classified as having periodontitis. The data were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model and adjusted for age, smoking, socioeconomic status, and dental care. RESULTS The prevalence of periodontitis was significantly greater among postmenopausal women not using HRT (HRT-) than among premenopausal women (64.4% versus 46.3%; P = 0.005). Similarly, the multivariable analysis demonstrated a significantly higher chance of having periodontitis in postmenopausal HRT- women than in premenopausal women (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1 to 4.0). In contrast, no significant differences were observed in the prevalence of periodontitis between postmenopausal women using HRT (HRT+) and premenopausal women (48.8% versus 46.3%; P = 0.77). After adjusting for cofactors, postmenopausal HRT+ women did not have a greater likelihood of having periodontitis than premenopausal women (OR, 1.2; 95% CI: 0.6 to 2.5). No significant differences in tooth loss were observed among the study groups after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Postmenopausal HRT- women had a greater chance of having periodontitis than premenopausal women. In contrast, postmenopausal HRT+ women and premenopausal women had similar periodontal status. HRT may have a beneficial effect on periodontal health.
Intra-address space protection using segmentation hardware

The technological evolution towards extensible software systems and component-based software development requires efficient, flexible and easy-to-use protection mechanisms to isolate software modules residing in the same address space. While a number of software-based approaches have been proposed in the last several years, no clear winner emerges that satisfactorily addresses all the design issues involved in establishing multiple protection domains within an address space. This paper describes a novel intra-address space protection mechanism based on the segmentation and paging hardware in Intel's x86 architecture. Measurements from the prototype implementation indicate that a null protected procedure call and return costs about 147 CPU cycles on a Pentium 200 MHz machine.
Formation of direct‐acting mutagens from mixtures of N‐nitrosomorpholine and carboxylates by UVA irradiation

Previously, we found that a directly mutagenic compound is produced from N‐nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) in phosphate buffer on exposure to near‐ultraviolet light (UVA) and we identified its structure as α‐hydroxy‐N‐nitrosopiperidine phosphate ester. In the present study, we show that a similar photoactivation of an N‐nitrosamine can take place with carboxylates in place of phosphate. When a neutral solution of a mixture of N‐nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) and sodium acetate was irradiated with UVA, the solution became directly mutagenic towards Salmonella typhimurium TA1535. O6‐Alkyl‐guanine‐DNA alkyltransferase‐deficient strains of S. typhimurium showed remarkably higher mutagenesis responses to this mutagen than the proficient strains. Citrate, succinate, and several other biological carboxylates were also effective in producing the mutagens. Since a treatment of the “NMOR plus acetate” photoproduct with carboxylic ester hydrolase resulted in a loss of the mutagenicity, the active principle is suggested to be an acetate‐esterified derivative of NMOR. The role of the esters as intermediates in the photomutagenesis of nitrosamines is discussed. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 31:163–168, 1998 © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cross-Media Use in Electronic Media: The Role of Cable Television Web Sites in Cable Television Network Branding and Viewership

This article reports a national study of Internet users' usage of cable television Web site features to illustrate the dynamics of cross-media use in electronic media and explore the role of cable television network Web sites in network branding and viewership. Our findings indicate that younger Internet users are much more likely to use television Web sites than older Internet users. Despite the low use of the enhanced features of television Web sites, the increase in the number of Web site feature usage positively predicts viewer loyalty, subscriber loyalty, and to a lesser extent, new subscriber attraction for cable networks.
European Union Conflict Management in the Western Balkans

Following a brief overview of the European Union's (EU) conflict management ‘history’, this article discusses the evolution of EU capabilities throughout the Union's involvement in the Western Balkans since the early 1990s. This is followed by a detailed case study of the EU intervention in Macedonia – Operation Concordia – and the contextual factors of that conflict, which shaped the outcomes of the EU's military efforts there. We conclude from this that the EU, alongside its partners in and beyond Macedonia, successfully prevented a likely civil war in the country in 2001, because the Union had a clearly defined set of interests, shared across institutions and member states, and interests that matched those of the main political players in Macedonia. This translated into sufficient political will to deploy sufficient military capabilities suited to the context of conflict management in Macedonia. However, we remain cautious as to whether the Union can muster similar levels of political will as well as the necessary capabilities to achieve the same elsewhere in the world.
Social support, social integration, and health-related quality of life over time: Results from the Fitness and Arthritis in Seniors Trial (FAST)

The present study tested whether baseline perceived social support and social integration predicted baseline and follow-up measures of health-related quality of life for 364 older adults with osteoarthritis. The findings are secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial of an exercise intervention. Multiple regression analyses indicate that perceived social support was related to baseline measures of functioning in psychological (depressive symptoms, social functioning, and life satisfaction) and physical domains (self-rated disability, observed physical function, and perceived health), after accounting for demographic and clinical status factors. At 18-month follow-up (additionally controlling for exercise intervention and baseline outcomes), social support significantly predicted changes in psychosocial functioning, but was unrelated to changes in self-reported and observed physical health. The findings indicate that social support is an important predictor of long-term psychosocial outcomes, but is less important than baseline clinical status for physical health endpoints in this cohort of older adults. In contrast, social integration was not a consistent predictor of outcomes.
Actin assembly in electropermeabilized neutrophils: role of intracellular calcium

Assembly of microfilaments involves the conversion of actin from the monomeric (G) to the filamentous (F) form. The exact sequence of events responsible for this conversion is yet to be defined and, in particular, the role of calcium remains unclear. Intact and electropermeabilized human neutrophils were used to assess more directly the role of cytosolic calcium [( Ca2+]i) in actin assembly. Staining with 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-phallacidin and right angle light scattering were used to monitor the formation of F-actin. Though addition of Ca2+ ionophores can be known to induce actin assembly, the following observations suggest that an increased [Ca2+]i is not directly responsible for receptor-induced actin polymerization: (a) intact cells in Ca2(+)-free medium, depleted of internal Ca2+ by addition of ionophore, responded to the formyl peptide fMLP with actin assembly despite the absence of changes in [Ca2+]i, assessed with Indo- 1; (b) fMLP induced a significant increase in F-actin content in permeabilized cells equilibrated with medium containing 0.1 microM free Ca2+, buffered with up to 10 mM EGTA; (c) increasing [Ca2+]i beyond the resting level by direct addition of CaCl2 to permeabilized cells resulted in actin disassembly. Conversely, lowering [Ca2+]i resulted in spontaneous actin assembly. To reconcile these findings with the actin- polymerizing effects of Ca2+ ionophores, we investigated whether A23187 and ionomycin induced actin assembly by a mechanism independent of, or secondary to the increase in [Ca2+]i. We found that the ionophore- induced actin assembly was completely inhibited by the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) antagonist LY-223982, implying that the ionophore effect was secondary to LTB4 formation, possibly by stimulation of phospholipase A2. We conclude that actin assembly is not mediated by an increase in [Ca2+]i, but rather that elevated [Ca2+]i facilitates actin disassembly, an effect possibly mediated by Ca2(+)-sensitive actin filament-severing proteins such as gelsolin. Sequential actin assembly and disassembly may be necessary for functions such as chemotaxis.
Ensemble learning model for P2P traffic identification

P2P traffic identification is an important issue of internet traffic analysis, and machine learning is a viable approach to address it. However, compared to ensemble learning methods, traditional methods and simple machine learning methods appear to be slightly limited in improving performance. In this paper, Random Forests and feature weighted Naive Bayes was integrated to P2P traffic identification. Scores were calculated for each category in the model while the process of prediction. Then, weighted majority voting was used to get the final output. Experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness and stability of the integrated model, which implements in the programming mode of MapReduce. Results have shown that the model achieved a better overall performance and may provides an alternative way to solve P2P traffic identification problem.
The assessment and management of peri‐operative pain in older adults

A number of recent reports have highlighted the inadequate provision of pain relief for older inpatients. Despite the availability of numerous validated pain measures, pain remains poorly assessed in some cases and, particularly, in the cognitively impaired. Without proper assessment, patients may receive inadequate or inappropriate analgesia, both of which can worsen outcome. Most drugs and techniques that are used for analgesia in younger patients are also suitable for older patients, although dosages may have to be adjusted to avoid the side‐effects that are consequent upon age‐related changes in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, co‐morbidity, frailty, cognitive impairment and polypharmacy. This paper reviews current guidelines and methods of assessing pain in the older adult, and describes the use of, and problems with, mild, moderate, strong, adjuvant and local anaesthetic drugs in the older population for analgesia, advocating multimodal intervention to reduce dose‐related side‐effects, particularly of opioids.
Shareholder Engagement in the Embedded Business Corporation: Investment Activism, Human Rights, and TWAIL Discourse

ABSTRACT: The expansion of extractive corporations’ overseas business operations has led to serious concerns regarding human rights–related impacts. As these apprehensions grow, we see a countervailing rise in calls for government intervention and in levels of socially conscious shareholder advocacy. I focus on the latter as manifested in recent use of the shareholder proposal mechanism found in corporate law. Shareholder proposals, while under-theorized, provide a valuable lens through which to consider the argument that economic behaviour is embedded within social relations. In doing so, I situate my analysis within Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) scholarship. Elsewhere, I have supported the use of corporate law tools in advancing the international human rights enterprise and argued that investment activism can be an essential component of this advancement. This paper represents a reflexive pause. Using the case study of a recent proposal submitted to Goldcorp Inc., I seek to problematize the shareholder proposal as a human rights advocacy tool and to examine it as a site of contestation.
Performance Enhancements in p-Type Al-Doped Tin-Oxide Thin Film Transistors by Using Fluorine Plasma Treatment

This letter reports on a tin oxide (SnO) thin-film transistor (TFT) with p-type conduction that uses aluminum (Al) doping in the SnO active channel layer. Performance enhancements were further achieved by applying fluorine plasma treatment on the p-type Al-doped SnO channel layer. The effects of the fluorine plasma treatment were also investigated. By tuning the power of the fluorine plasma treatment on the p-type Al-doped SnO channel layer, the optimal TFT device showed a very high on/off current ratio of $2.58\times 10^{\mathrm {6}}$ and a low threshold swing of 174 mV/decade, which could be attributed to the passivation effect of the plasma fluorination on the dominant donor-like traps at the SnO/HfO2 interface, as reflected by the suppression of the hysteresis phenomenon, the low density of interface traps, and the small subthreshold swing. The results indicate that the p-type Al-doped SnO TFT device with fluorine plasma treatment has considerable potential for application in future high-performance displays.
Age preferences and mate choice among homosexuals and heterosexuals: A case for modular psychological mechanisms.

Age preferences expressed by homosexuals and heterosexuals in 783 singles ads were compared. In line with earlier cross-cultural findings, heterosexual women at all ages tend to prefer men from their own age to several years older. Heterosexual men change with age ; young men show an interest in both older and younger women, but older men express progressively stronger interest in women younger than themselves. Homosexual men's preferences were very similar to those of heterosexual men and homosexual women showed a pattern somewhat between that of heterosexual women and men. Results combine with previous literature to suggest that homosexual choice is not a simple and general reversal of heterosexual roles, and fit with an emerging view that sexual behavior is controlled by a number of independently evolved psychological mechanisms.
Age-related changes in visual and auditory sustained attention in preschool-aged children

Objective: The development of sustained attention in the preschool years is not yet fully understood. Delineating age-related changes of attentional proficiencies and deficiencies is important for understanding atypical developmental trajectories, specifically in neurodevelopmental disorders that are characterized by attentional difficulties. The objective of the current study was to develop preschool-appropriate measures for assessing sustained attention and to chart developmental changes in attention in early childhood. Method: Using adapted computerized paradigms, the present study investigated age-related changes in visual and auditory sustained attention in seventy typically developing children aged 3 to 6 years. Results: The results indicated that similar age-related gains in performance emerged across both visual and auditory attention tasks. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the adapted measures developed in this study are sensitive enough to capture developmental variations in attention performance.
Altered Control of Ventilation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract The purposes of this study were (i) to determine if ventilatory control is altered in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and (ii) to determine whether insulin treatment of diabetic rats could prevent ventilatory abnormalities. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups: control (n = 10), diabetic (n = 9), and diabetic treated with insulin (n = 9). The diabetic group exhibited a progressive reduction of tidal volume, minute ventilation, and CO2 production compared with the control and diabetic treated with Insulin groups over the 4 week period. Furthermore, the ventilatory responses to the hypercapnic (3%, 6%, 9% CO2) and hypoxic (10% O2) gas challenges were significantly less in the diabetic rats than those of the control and diabetic and Insulin treated groups by the third and fourth week. Ventilation and ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia were similar in the control group and the diabetic treated with insulin group at the end of the study. In conclusion, uncontrolled diabetes induced in rats by STZ treatment resulted in altered control of ventilation that could be prevented by insulin therapy.