Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perception of front-of-pack labels according to social characteristics, nutritional knowledge and food purchasing habits

Abstract Objective To identify patterns of perception of front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labels and to determine social factors, nutritional knowledge and attention to packaging features related to such patterns. Design Cross-sectional. Perception was measured using indicators of understanding and acceptability of three simple FOP labels (the ‘Green Tick’, the logo of the French Nutrition and Health Programme (PNNS logo) and ‘simple traffic lights’ (STL)) and two detailed formats (‘multiple traffic lights’ (MTL) and the ‘colour range’ logo (CR)). Associations of perception patterns with individual characteristics were examined using χ2 tests. Setting Data from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort study. Subjects A total of 38 763 adults. Results Four perception patterns emerged. Poorly educated individuals were most often found in groups favouring simple formats. The ‘favourable to CR’ group had a high rate of men and older persons. Poor nutritional knowledge was more frequent in the ‘favourable to STL’ group, while individuals with substantial knowledge were proportionally more numerous in the ‘favourable to MTL’ group. The ‘favourable to STL’ group more frequently self-reported noting price and marketing characteristics during purchasing, while the ‘favourable to MTL’ and ‘favourable to CR’ groups declared more interest in nutritional information. The ‘favourable to Green Tick and PNNS logo’ group self-reported paying closer attention to claims and quality guarantee labels. Conclusions The ‘favourable to MTL’ cluster was most frequently represented in our survey. However, simple FOP formats may be most appropriate for increasing awareness of healthy eating among targeted groups with poor nutritional knowledge and little interest in the nutritional quality of packaged foods.
ATTITUDES AND SOCIAL COGNITION Timescale Bias in the Attribution of Mind

In this research, the authors found that people use speed of movement to infer the presence of mind and mental attributes such as intention, consciousness, thought, and intelligence in other persons, animals, and objects. Participants in 4 studies exhibited timescale bias—perceiving human and nonhuman targets (animals, robots, and animations) as more likely to possess mental states when those targets moved at speeds similar to the speed of natural human movement, compared with when targets performed actions at speeds faster or slower than the speed of natural human movement.
Rapid stimulus-evoked astrocyte Ca2+ elevations and hemodynamic responses in mouse somatosensory cortex in vivo

Significance The morphology of astrocytes places them as likely contributors to communication between nerve cells and blood vessels. They are reported to respond with few and slow Ca2+ elevations, which exclude them as possible participants in initiation of blood flow responses or synapse communication. We establish that astrocytes have fast responses in addition to the slow. These rapid, brief Ca2+ responses were present in a large proportion of astrocytes. We were able to observe these changes due to a signal enhancement analysis, which is useful when responses are small compared with baseline activity. Our findings indicate a higher sensitivity than generally believed of astrocytes. Increased neuron and astrocyte activity triggers increased brain blood flow, but controversy exists over whether stimulation-induced changes in astrocyte activity are rapid and widespread enough to contribute to brain blood flow control. Here, we provide evidence for stimulus-evoked Ca2+ elevations with rapid onset and short duration in a large proportion of cortical astrocytes in the adult mouse somatosensory cortex. Our improved detection of the fast Ca2+ signals is due to a signal-enhancing analysis of the Ca2+ activity. The rapid stimulation-evoked Ca2+ increases identified in astrocyte somas, processes, and end-feet preceded local vasodilatation. Fast Ca2+ responses in both neurons and astrocytes correlated with synaptic activity, but only the astrocytic responses correlated with the hemodynamic shifts. These data establish that a large proportion of cortical astrocytes have brief Ca2+ responses with a rapid onset in vivo, fast enough to initiate hemodynamic responses or influence synaptic activity.
Stellar Populations in the Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy Leo I

We present a detailed study of the color-magnitude diagram (CMD) of the dwarf spheroidal galaxy Leo I, based on archival Hubble Space Telescope data. Our photometric analysis, confirming previous results on the brighter portion of the CMD, also allow us to obtain an accurate sampling of the stellar populations at the faint magnitudes corresponding to the main sequence. By adopting a homogeneous and consistent theoretical scenario for both hydrogen and central helium–burning evolutionary phases, the various features observed in the CMD are interpreted and reliable estimates for both the distance modulus and the age(s) of the main stellar components of Leo I are derived. In more detail, from the upper luminosity of the red giant branch and the lower luminosity of the subgiant branch we simultaneously constrain the galaxy distance and the age of the oldest stellar population in Leo I. In this way we obtain a distance modulus (m - M)V = 22.00 ± 0.15 mag and an age of 10–15 Gyr or 9–13 Gyr, adopting a metallicity of Z = 0.0001 or 0.0004, respectively. The reliability of this distance modulus has been tested by comparing the observed distribution of the Leo I anomalous Cepheids in the period-magnitude diagram with the predicted boundaries of the instability strip as given by convective pulsating models. A detailed investigation of the age(s) of the Leo I stellar populations is then performed by comparing the CMD with a suitable set of theoretical isochrones and central helium–burning models. By taking into account all the various features, including the lack of RR Lyrae variables, we conclude that the star formation process in Leo I started ∼10 Gyr (with Z = 0.0001) or ∼13 Gyr (with Z = 0.0004) ago, and stopped about 1 Gyr ago. Some evidence is reported supporting the mild metal deficiency (Z = 0.0004), whereas no clear indication has been found supporting a star formation history characterized by episodic bursts. The adoption of updated physics, including the inward diffusion of elements as recently presented for globular cluster stars, would yield a slightly larger distance modulus (∼0.10 mag) and a slightly lower age for the most ancient stellar component (∼1 Gyr).
Analysis of electrocardiograms during atrial fibrillation

The research discussed in this article is motivated by the search for an optimal classification of the different types of atrial fibrillation (AF) on the basis of recorded atrial signals. This would facilitate the selection of an optimal therapy. This article focuses on the biophysical models of the genesis of ECG waveforms during AF. The model of the electric activity of the atria was found to have sufficient realism to be used to describe the electric sources during AF. The inclusion of the volume conduction model resulted in electrocardiographic signals that are in all aspects similar to those observed clinically. The model is currently applied to solve various problems related to optimal signal preprocessing and extraction of features in AF signals for the classification of AF abnormalities. The biophysical model of the atrial activity is an essential element in this research, since it is capable of describing the electric source specifications derived from different hypotheses relating to the etiology of AF
Project Proposal TC-STAR - Make Speech to Speech Translation Real

The proposed project TC-STAR (technology and corpora for speech to speech translation), which is focused on technology, platform and service development for speech to speech translation components and systems. The components are speech recognition, speech centered translation and speech synthesis. The project is aimed to be launched as an integrated project in the 6 th framework of the European Commission. To prepare TC-STAR a preparatory action TC-STAR_P has been launched to set up the infrastructure of TC-STAR. For further preparation the EU-funded project LC-STAR has been started to standardize and to create some corpora and lexica needed for all speech to speech translation components.
Post-Divorce Visitation of Minor Children; An Exploratory Study

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact pdxscholar@pdx.edu. Recommended Citation Griffith, Barbara; Hack, Gladys; Murphy, Eileen; Wieman, Allison; Williams, Adam; VanLydegraf, Earl; and Glaudin, Vincent, "PostDivorce Visitation of Minor Children; An Exploratory Study" (1970). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 1747.
Reorganization in cognitive networks with progression of multiple sclerosis

Objectives: Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is frequent in multiple sclerosis (MS) and can occur at early stages. Whereas functional reorganization with disease progression has been described for the motor system in MS using fMRI, no such studies exist for cognition. We attempted to assess the concept of functional reorganization concerning cognition using a simple “Go/No-go” fMRI paradigm. Methods: Patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS, n = 10), relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) (n = 10), or secondary progressive MS (SPMS) (n = 10), and 28 healthy controls (HC), underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery, clinical examination, structural imaging, and an fMRI Go/No-go discrimination task at 3 T. Results: Patients performed worse than HC regarding memory, sustained attention and concentration, and information processing. These differences were driven by patients with SPMS. The fMRI task elicited activation in a widespread network including bilateral mesial and dorsolateral frontal, parietal, insular, basal ganglia, and cerebellar regions. Task performance was similar between phenotypes, but deviation from the activation pattern observed in HC and patients with CIS increased with disease progression. Patients with RRMS showed increased brain activation in the precuneus, both superior parietal lobes, and the right fusiform gyrus, and recruited the hippocampus with increasing demands. Patients with SPMS demonstrated the most abnormal network function, including recruitment of pre-SMA, bilateral superior and inferior parietal, dorsolateral prefrontal, right precentral, bilateral postcentral, and right temporal brain areas. Conclusion: Using a cognitive fMRI paradigm, we were able to confirm adaptive changes of neuronal activation with progressing MS and to provide strong evidence for their compensatory nature, at least partially.
Stable coronary artery disease: latest data in the battle between conservative and invasive management.

M yocardial revascularisation has been an established mainstay therapy for coronary artery disease (CAD) since the late 1960s. Rene Favoloro introduced CABG into clinical practice in 1967 and since then it has been the most intensively studied surgical procedure. Percutaneous revascularisation techniques have been in use for 35 years and have been subjected to more randomised studies (RCTs) than any other interventional procedure. Balloon angioplasty (PTCA) was used for the first time in 1977, by Andreas Gruentzig of Germany, as a non-surgical method for coronary artery revascularisation and in the mid 1980s it was proposed as an alternative therapy to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Both reperfusion methods entail procedural risks that differ with respect to their nature, incidence, and time distribution. While both procedures have seen significant technological advances, their role in the management of patients with stable CAD has been called into question by progress in medical treatment, also known as optimal medical therapy (OMT), which includes radical modification of cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle in combination with intensive pharmacological management. These important developments in all three therapeutic strategies have relegated the findings of older studies to being of solely historical interest.
Refusing Able(ness): A Preliminary Conversation about Ableism

Feminist Rosemary Tong long ago alluded to the profound possibilities of using critical disability studies theory to recomprehend and respatialize the landscape of thinking about race and gender as sites of signification. This piece presents a preliminary conversation in the emergent field of studies in ableism and desires to not only problematize but refuse the notion of able(ness). Our attention is on Ableism's production and performance. Such an exploratory work is indebted to conversations already commenced by Campbell, Hughes and Overboe. My approach is three pronged. Firstly I explore the problem of speaking/thinking/feeling - about the Other (in this case persons referred to as 'disabled people') and the 'extraordinary' Other, the 'Abled'. This conversation is captured under the banner of "The Ableist Project". Here I argue it is necessary to shift the gaze of contemporary scholarship away from the spotlight on disability to a more nuanced exploration of epistemologies and ontologies of ableism. As part of this project of exposure my second task then will be to tease out the strands of what can be called "Ableist Relations", including the effects of the compulsion to emulate ableist regulatory norms. Finally, as part of a commitment to make the necessary connections between theory and practice, I look at the tasks ahead in the refusal of Ability and the commitment to a disability/not-abled imaginary.
SWIFT—Scalable Clustering for Automated Identification of Rare Cell Populations in Large, High-Dimensional Flow Cytometry Datasets, Part 2: Biological Evaluation

A multistage clustering and data processing method, SWIFT (detailed in a companion manuscript), has been developed to detect rare subpopulations in large, high‐dimensional flow cytometry datasets. An iterative sampling procedure initially fits the data to multidimensional Gaussian distributions, then splitting and merging stages use a criterion of unimodality to optimize the detection of rare subpopulations, to converge on a consistent cluster number, and to describe non‐Gaussian distributions. Probabilistic assignment of cells to clusters, visualization, and manipulation of clusters by their cluster medians, facilitate application of expert knowledge using standard flow cytometry programs. The dual problems of rigorously comparing similar complex samples, and enumerating absent or very rare cell subpopulations in negative controls, were solved by assigning cells in multiple samples to a cluster template derived from a single or combined sample. Comparison of antigen‐stimulated and control human peripheral blood cell samples demonstrated that SWIFT could identify biologically significant subpopulations, such as rare cytokine‐producing influenza‐specific T cells. A sensitivity of better than one part per million was attained in very large samples. Results were highly consistent on biological replicates, yet the analysis was sensitive enough to show that multiple samples from the same subject were more similar than samples from different subjects. A companion manuscript (Part 1) details the algorithmic development of SWIFT. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Spontaneous Activity Associated with Delusions of Schizophrenia in the Left Medial Superior Frontal Gyrus: A Resting-State fMRI Study

Delusions of schizophrenia have been found to be associated with alterations of some brain regions in structure and task-induced activation. However, the relationship between spontaneously occurring symptoms and spontaneous brain activity remains unclear. In the current study, 14 schizophrenic patients with delusions and 14 healthy controls underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) scan. Patients with delusions of schizophrenia patients were rated with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Characteristics of Delusional Rating Scale (CDRS). Regional homogeneity (ReHo) was calculated to measure the local synchronization of the spontaneous activity in a voxel-wise way. A two-sample t-test showed that ReHo of the right anterior cingulate gyrus and left medial superior frontal gyrus were higher in patients, and ReHo of the left superior occipital gyrus was lower, compared to healthy controls. Further, among patients, correlation analysis showed a significant difference between delusion scores of CRDS and ReHo of brain regions. ReHo of the left medial superior frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with patients’ CDRS scores but not with delusional PANSS scores. These results suggested that altered local synchronization of spontaneous brain activity may be related to the pathophysiology of delusion in schizophrenia.
Sharing using social networks in a composable Web of Things

In the emerging “Web of Things”, digitally augmented everyday objects are seamlessly integrated to the Web by reusing Web patterns such as REST. This results in an ecosystem of real-world devices that can be reused and recombined to create new ad-hoc applications. This, however, implies that devices are available to the world. In this paper, we propose a platform that enables people to share their Web-enabled devices so that others can use them. We illustrate how to rely on existing social networks and their open APIs (e.g. OpenSocial) to enable owners to leverage the social structures in place for sharing smart things with others. We finally discuss some of the challenges we identified towards a composable Web of Things.
On Prize Mechanisms in linear quadratic team theory

A distributed linear quadratic decision problem is considered, where several different controllers act as a team, but with access to different measurements. Previous contributions have shown how to state the optimal synthesis as a finite-dimensional convex optimization problem. This paper shows that the dynamic behavior can be optimized by a distributed iterative procedure, without any need for a globally available model or centralized coordination. An illustrative model with three agents is considered.
An Efficient Virtual-Work Based Trajectory Estimation Model for a Skid Steering Mobile Robot Incorporating Free Wheels

In general, the basic research areas in robotics are mapping, controlling, planning and localization. Usually, the robot creates a map of the environment, then uses this map to localize itself and plans the reference objects for its movements. The controller is designed to efficiently move it to its target. However, accomplishing the controller mission in specific requires an accurate estimation of the robot trajectory to be able to set right control parameters. This paper presents an efficient virtual-work based trajectory estimation model for a skidsteering mobile robot (SSMR) incorporating free wheels on uneven but smooth ground with different ground properties and distributed loads on wheel axes. This model is an extension of our previously published trajectory estimation model to apply not only to four-wheel-drive skid steering robot (SSRs), but also to general SSRs having decreased driving wheels either intentionally or unexpectedly. Also, the extension of our work includes a different commercial small four wheels mobile robot, named GAIA-1a, to demonstrate and verify the results. Actually, we formulate a mathematical expression in terms of virtual work for evaluating the energy cost of all the wheel motions with skidding and slipping under the condition that each wheel is always in contact with the ground via a pivot suspension structure. Minimization of the expression for virtual work results in a unique solution for the new position of the robot after small movement of the wheels. Further, by iterating we calculate a continuous trajectory which is an important result for assigning powered wheel velocities for self-navigation. The demonstrated trajectories of the test robot confirm the validity and efficiency of our method.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Regulated by the CLAVATA Receptors Contributes to Shoot Apical Meristem Homeostasis

In Arabidopsis, the CLAVATA (CLV) pathway operates in the regulation of the size of the stem cell population in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). CLV3 functions as a small peptide ligand to negatively regulate the expression of the WUSCHEL (WUS) transcription factor through three major receptor kinase complexes of CLV1, CLV2-SUPPRESSOR OF LLP1-2 (SOL2)/CORYNE (CRN) and recently identified RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE 2 (RPK2)/TOADSTOOL 2 (TOAD2). Aiming to understand the precise molecular details of CLV3 signaling, we investigated the contribution of phospho-signaling, potentially regulated by these kinase complexes, to the CLV pathway. We detected CLV3-triggered CLV1 phosphorylation, which is also conditioned by the rest of the CLV receptors, presumably by their direct association. Our comprehensive analysis of the activities of the respective CLV receptors on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) suggested that the precise balanced regulation of MAPK activity by the CLV receptors is likely to be key for SAM homeostasis.
SBF Cell Cycle Regulator as a Target of the Yeast PKC-MAP Kinase Pathway

Protein kinase C (PKC) signaling is highly conserved among eukaryotes and has been implicated in the regulation of cellular processes such as cell proliferation and growth. In the budding yeast, PKC1 functions to activate the SLT2(MPK1) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade, which is required for the maintenance of cell integrity during asymmetric cell growth. Genetic studies, coimmunoprecipitation experiments, and analysis of protein phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro indicate that the SBF transcription factor (composed of Swi4p and Swi6p), an important regulator of gene expression at the G1 to S phase cell cycle transition, is a target of the Slt2p(Mpk1p) MAP kinase. These studies provide evidence for a direct role of the PKC1 pathway in the regulation of the yeast cell cycle and cell growth and indicate that conserved signaling pathways can act to control key regulators of cell division.
Maternal phenytoin ingestion and congenital abnormalities: report of a case.

The first reported association of congenital malformations and anticonvulsant drugs was published in 1968. 1 Cleft lip and cleft palate were reported in six infants born to mothers who had been taking anticonvulsants during pregnancy. Monson et al 2 compared the frequency of malformations in infants exposed in utero to antiepileptic medication with that in infants not so exposed. In their study, the malformation rate among children exposed to phenytoin (formerly diphenylhydantoin) sodium continuously during embryonic and early fetal development was 61 in 1,000 live births. This rate is higher than the 25 in 1,000 live births in children born to normal control women. The possibility of having a malformed child appears to be two to three times greater in epileptic women who received phenytoin continuously early in pregnancy than in normal women. This frequency of malformations has been confirmed by other studies. 3,4 In most reports, cleft lip and