Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Political Economy of Genetic Engineering

The breakthrough of genetic engineering and the subsequentformation of biotechnology as a strategic technology of the future comes at a time when science has become an object ofpolitical struggle and neoliberalism has experienced an upturn and has become hegemonic. This article shows how neoliberalism has proven itself able to cope effectively with a variety of opposing arguments, above all environmentalist and ethical. The patterns of the social structuring of biotechnology are analysed in thefields of innovation, risk management, patenting, biodiversity, and bioethics. With regard to the political and ethical void of the neoliberal strategy of biotechnology release, observations are given as to how it has beenfilled with an effective ideology and aesthetic of technology. In thefinal analysis, perspectives beyond an authoritariatn or subaltern technological deterninism are argued for, especially with reference to concepts of sustainable development within the framework of global and local economies.
Data Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Networks with Network Coding

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), it is often necessary to update the software running on sensors, which requires reliable dissemination of large data objects to each sensor with energy efficiency. During data dissemination, due to sleep scheduling designed for energy efficiency, some sensors may not receive some packets at some time slots. In the meantime, due to the unreliability of wireless communication, a sensor may not successfully receive a packet even when it is in the active mode. Thus, retransmission of such packets to those sensors is necessary, which consumes more energy and increases the delay of data dissemination cycle. In this paper, we propose a network coding-based approach in data dissemination such that data dissemination can be accomplished at the earliest time. Thus, less energy is consumed and the delay can be decreased. The impact of packet loss probability and the sleep probability of sensors on the network coding gain is analyzed. A threshold is also given to decide whether the current sleep scheduling is effective on energy saving in data dissemination process or not. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed work.
Teacher research and the aims of education

We report on the development of a course for experienced teachers in the Netherlands, intended to enhance their professionalism by engaging them in doing research based on reflection on the aims of their educational efforts. The course was accompanied by design-based research. The research question was whether and how the course stimulated teachers to connect doing research and taking a reflective stance; the results were used to improve the course, thus creating a cyclical design. Although the course was positively evaluated by the participants, reflection on its results made clear to us that our approach in the combination of learning to do research and reflecting on aims is not enough to make teachers into critical research-minded professionals. A more context-aware view of their learning process is necessary: the institution school limits their possibilities. The implication is that both our course and our research effort have to be critically revised. Instead of looking for causal effects, one should be aware of traces of development that may or may not be caused by the intervention.
Detoxifying Enzymes at the Cross-Roads of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Drug Hypersensitivity: Role of Glutathione Transferase P1-1 and Aldose Reductase

Phase I and II enzymes are involved in the metabolism of endogenous reactive compounds as well as xenobiotics, including toxicants and drugs. Genotyping studies have established several drug metabolizing enzymes as markers for risk of drug hypersensitivity. However, other candidates are emerging that are involved in drug metabolism but also in the generation of danger or costimulatory signals. Enzymes such as aldo-keto reductases (AKR) and glutathione transferases (GST) metabolize prostaglandins and reactive aldehydes with proinflammatory activity, as well as drugs and/or their reactive metabolites. In addition, their metabolic activity can have important consequences for the cellular redox status, and impacts the inflammatory response as well as the balance of inflammatory mediators, which can modulate epigenetic factors and cooperate or interfere with drug-adduct formation. These enzymes are, in turn, targets for covalent modification and regulation by oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, and drugs. Therefore, they constitute a platform for a complex set of interactions involving drug metabolism, protein haptenation, modulation of the inflammatory response, and/or generation of danger signals with implications in drug hypersensitivity reactions. Moreover, increasing evidence supports their involvement in allergic processes. Here, we will focus on GSTP1-1 and aldose reductase (AKR1B1) and provide a perspective for their involvement in drug hypersensitivity.
Bloom Filters Based on the B-tree

The Bloom filter has become attractive as one of the methods of looking up data in the distributed system. Since two or more keywords can be used in the method based on the Bloom filter, it is more flexible than the distributed hash table (DHT). Especially, the key aspect of the structured Bloom filter is that the number of query forwarding is fixed. In the research of the past, the ring of the Bloom filter which is like the Chord structure is proposed. However, the node in the ring must maintain many filters corresponding to the number of nodes. In this research, the Bloom filter based on the tree structure is proposed. The filter information managed in the node is reduced, and the size of information in this research is compared to the existing research.
Familial occurrence of microscopic colitis: a report on five families.

BACKGROUND The etiology and pathogenesis of microscopic colitis is unknown. Whether genetic predisposition is of importance, as in many other gastrointestinal diseases, is unknown. Familial occurrence of collagenous colitis has earlier been reported only in two families. METHODS Familial occurrence of microscopic colitis was searched for in a Swedish national microscopic colitis register. RESULTS Familial occurrence of microscopic colitis was identified in five families. In all families a sister-sister relationship was found. Two sisters with collagenous colitis had been living apart in different Nordic countries for many years before developing the disease. In one pair, the smoking sister had collagenous colitis and the never smoking sister had lymphocytic colitis. CONCLUSIONS Considering the relative rarity of microscopic colitis, these findings indicate that a genetic predisposition may be of importance.
Image-space surface-related multiple prediction

A very important aspect of removing multiples from seismic data is accurate prediction of their kinematics. We cast the multiple prediction problem as an operation in the image space parallel to the conventional surface-related multiple-prediction methodology. Though developed in the image domain, the technique shares the data-driven strengths of data-domain surface-related multiple elimination (SRME) by being independent of the earth (velocity) model. Also, the data are used to predict the multiples exactly so that a Radon transform need not be designed to separate the two types of events. The cost of the prediction is approximately the same as that of data-space methods, though it can be computed during the course of migration. The additional cost is not significant compared to that incurred by shot-profile migration, though split-spread gathers must be used. Image-space multiple predictions are generated by autoconvolving the traces in each shot-gather at every depth level during the course of a shot-profile migration. The prediction in the image domain is equivalent to that produced by migrating the data-space convolutional prediction. Adaptive subtraction of the prediction from the image is required. Subtraction in the image domain, however, provides the advantages of focused energy in a smaller domain since extrapolation removes some of the imperfections of the input data.
Insect Herbivory-Elicited GABA Accumulation in Plants is a Wound-Induced, Direct, Systemic, and Jasmonate-Independent Defense Response

The non-proteinogenic amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is present in all organisms analyzed so far. In invertebrates GABA acts as a neurotransmitter; in plants different functions are under discussion. Among others, its involvement in abiotic stress reactions and as a defensive compound against feeding insects is suggested. GABA is synthesized from glutamate by glutamate decarboxylases and degraded by GABA-transaminases. Here, in Arabidopsis thaliana, gad1/2 double mutants showing reduced GABA concentrations as well as GABA-enriched triple mutants (gad1/2 x pop2-5) were generated and employed for a systematic study of GABA induction, accumulation and related effects in Arabidopsis leaves upon herbivory. The results demonstrate that GABA accumulation is stimulated by insect feeding-like wounding by a robotic caterpillar, MecWorm, as well as by real insect (Spodoptera littoralis) herbivory. Higher GABA levels in both plant tissue and artificial dietary supplements in turn affect the performance of feeding larvae. GABA enrichment occurs not only in the challenged but also in adjacent leaf. This induced response is neither dependent on herbivore defense-related phytohormones, jasmonates, nor is jasmonate induction dependent on the presence of GABA. Thus, in Arabidopsis the rapid accumulation of GABA very likely represents a general, direct and systemic defense reaction against insect herbivores.
Parent-child relationships and children's images of God

How do children's perceptions of parents relate to their perceptions of God? Two samples of children ages 4 through 11 (N = 49 and 94) indicated their perceptions of parents and God's nurturance and power and reported on discipline in the home. Despite differences between the two samples in race, socioeconomic status, and religious affiliations, remarkably consistent findings were demonstrated. When parents were perceived as nurturing and powerful (especially when mother was perceived as powerful and father was perceived as nurturing), children perceived God as both nurturing and powerful; more like father in early childhood and more like mother or both parents in middle childhood. God seems to become the perfect substitute attachment figure as children separate from parents with age, or when fathers are absent from the home. Girls' images were more related to parents' attributes and discipline styles than were boys' God-images. In childhood, it is parents who directly and indirectly impact God-images.
On Additive Consistent Properties of the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Preference Relation

We investigate the properties of additive consistent intuitionistic fuzzy preference relations (IFPR). Usually, consistency in fuzzy preference relations (FPR) is associated with transitivity such as general transitivity, weak transitivity, and restricted max–max transitivity. This paper extends the consistency properties of the FPR to those of the IFPR. Since weak transitivity is the minimal logical requirement and a fundamental principle of human judgment, this paper develops three determination theorems and the corresponding algorithms to judge the weak transitivity of an IFPR from different angles. Two numerical examples show that the three methods proposed are feasible and effective.
Evolution and maintenance of stigma-height dimorphism in Narcissus. I. Floral variation and style-morph ratios

An unusual stylar dimorphism occurs in Narcissus, a plant genus of insect-pollinated Mediterranean geophytes. To determine the characteristics of the sexual polymorphism, we investigated floral variation in 46 populations of N. assoanus (section Jonquillae) and 21 populations of N. dubius (section Tazettae) in SW France. Flowers possess two stamen levels in each morph that occupy slightly different positions within the floral tube. In long-styled plants (L-morph), the stigma is located within or slightly above the upper-level stamens, whereas in short-styled plants (S-morph) the stigma is placed well below the lower-level stamens. The stigma-height dimorphism is distinct from heterostyly because the reciprocity of stigma and anther positions in the two style morphs is only weakly developed and there are no differences between the style morphs in pollen size or production. In both species, mean stigma–anther separation is much greater in the S-morph than the L-morph. In N. assoanus, population style-morph ratios vary from isoplethy (1L:1S) to L-biased, whereas in N. dubius they are usually strongly L-biased or occasionally contain only the L-morph. Populations fixed for the S-morph, or with S-biased morph ratios, were not observed. In N. assoanus, style-morph ratios were associated with population size: large continuous populations always exhibited 1:1 morph ratios, whereas smaller, fragmented populations were often L-biased. This pattern was not evident in N. dubius. We argue that biased style-morph ratios largely result from morph-specific differences in assortative mating.
Low back pain: an algorithmic approach to diagnosis and management.

Low back pain may be of local origin, referred to the spine, or associated with pain in the lower limbs. This review discusses the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and differential diagnosis of acute low back pain and proposes an algorithmic approach to investigation and management. The proportion of patients with serious underlying causes (e.g., cancer, infection, fracture) increases with age, and clinical assessment is directed at identification of these disorders. Most patients have nonspecific findings, do not require special investigation, and respond well to conservative treatment. Patients with suspicious features on history and physical examination require further investigation and individualized management.
Bifurcation of insulin signaling pathway in rat liver: mTORC1 required for stimulation of lipogenesis, but not inhibition of gluconeogenesis

The livers of insulin-resistant, diabetic mice manifest selective insulin resistance, suggesting a bifurcation in the insulin signaling pathway: Insulin loses its ability to block glucose production (i.e., it fails to suppress PEPCK and other genes of gluconeogenesis), yet it retains its ability to stimulate fatty acid synthesis (i.e., continued enhancement of genes of lipogenesis). Enhanced lipogenesis is accompanied by an insulin-stimulated increase in the mRNA encoding SREBP-1c, a transcription factor that activates the entire lipogenic program. Here, we report a branch point in the insulin signaling pathway that may account for selective insulin resistance. Exposure of rat hepatocytes to insulin produced a 25-fold increase in SREBP-1c mRNA and a 95% decrease in PEPCK mRNA. Insulin-mediated changes in both mRNAs were blocked by inhibitors of PI3K and Akt, indicating that these kinases are required for both pathways. In contrast, subnanomolar concentrations of rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mTORC1 kinase, blocked insulin induction of SREBP-1c, but had no effect on insulin suppression of PEPCK. We observed a similar selective effect of rapamycin in livers of rats and mice that experienced an insulin surge in response to a fasting-refeeding protocol. A specific inhibitor of S6 kinase, a downstream target of mTORC1, did not block insulin induction of SREBP-1c, suggesting a downstream pathway distinct from S6 kinase. These results establish mTORC1 as an essential component in the insulin-regulated pathway for hepatic lipogenesis but not gluconeogenesis, and may help to resolve the paradox of selective insulin resistance in livers of diabetic rodents.
Logics of Identity, Contradiction, and Attraction in Change

How we manage and produce organizational change is a function of the point of view we take regarding the phenomenon of change. But different points of view give us different understandings of the process. In this article, three different points of view, or logics, are presented: formal logic, dialectics, and trialectics. Although each point of view is discussed, the intent of this paper is to expand the logics of change to include trialectics. The implications of trialectics for organization change are discussed.
THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING INVENTORY METHODS IN FUZZY: A STATE OF ART SURVEY

Multicriteria decision making has capability to improve the decision power in vague information of the fields. In present paper, authors discuss and spot lights on some of the most prevalently used methods for the multicriteria decision making (MCDM) because a systematic approach to inventory control may have a significance influence for any competitiveness. MCDM is concerned to well structure of complex problems with consideration of multiple criteria lead more information and better decisionexplicitlywith the fuzzy concept. Fuzzy enhancesthe probability/possibility factor in multicriteria analysis due to this the result decision is more accurate and informative. In practice, all the detail list of the things with their vitalness would not be controlled with equal potential. There are some different methods of MCDM (i) Out ranking (e.g. PROMETHEE and ELECTRE), (ii) Multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT), (iii) Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), (iv) Analytic Network Process.
Hepatitis B virus surface antigen impairs myeloid dendritic cell function: a possible immune escape mechanism of hepatitis B virus

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the result of an inadequate immune response towards the virus. Myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) of patients with chronic HBV are impaired in their maturation and function, resulting in more tolerogenic rather than immunogenic responses, which may contribute to viral persistence. The mechanism responsible for altered mDC function remains unclear. The HBV‐infected patients display large amounts of HBV particles and viral proteins in their circulation, especially the surface antigen HBsAg, which allows multiple interactions between the virus, its viral proteins and DC. To assess whether HBV directly influences mDC function, the effects of HBV and HBsAg on human mDC maturation and function were investigated in vitro. As already described for internalization of HBV by DC, the present study shows that peripheral blood‐derived mDC of healthy controls also actively take up HBsAg in a time‐dependent manner. Cytokine‐induced maturation in the presence of HBV or HBsAg resulted in a significantly more tolerogenic mDC phenotype as demonstrated by a diminished up‐regulation of costimulatory molecules and a decreased T‐cell stimulatory capacity, as assessed by T‐cell proliferation and interferon‐γ production. In addition, the presence of HBV significantly reduced interleukin‐12 production by mDC. These results show that both HBV particles and purified HBsAg have an immune modulatory capacity and may directly contribute to the dysfunction of mDC in patients with chronic HBV. The direct immune regulatory effect of HBV and circulating HBsAg particles on the function of DC can be considered as part of the mechanism by which HBV escapes immunity.
A Decision Tree System for Finding Genes in DNA

MORGAN is an integrated system for finding genes in vertebrate DNA sequences. MORGAN uses a variety of techniques to accomplish this task, the most distinctive of which is a decision tree classifier. The decision tree system is combined with new methods for identifying start codons, donor sites, and acceptor sites, and these are brought together in a frame-sensitive dynamic programming algorithm that finds the optimal segmentation of a DNA sequence into coding and noncoding regions (exons and introns). The optimal segmentation is dependent on a separate scoring function that takes a subsequence and assigns to it a score reflecting the probability that the sequence is an exon. The scoring functions in MORGAN are sets of decision trees that are combined to give a probability estimate. Experimental results on a database of 570 vertebrate DNA sequences show that MORGAN has excellent performance by many different measures. On a separate test set, it achieves an overall accuracy of 95 %, with a correlation coefficient of 0.78, and a sensitivity and specificity for coding bases of 83 % and 79%. In addition, MORGAN identifies 58% of coding exons exactly; i.e., both the beginning and end of the coding regions are predicted correctly. This paper describes the MORGAN system, including its decision tree routines and the algorithms for site recognition, and its performance on a benchmark database of vertebrate DNA.
A satellite interference location system using differential time and phase measurement techniques

The design and development of a system for inferring the position of terrestrial satellite uplink stations using existing domestic satellites with minimal disruption to normal satellite operation are described. Two methods are presented by which a quantity measured at a terrestrial receiving site is mapped into a curve of possible uplink locations on the Earth's surface. One method involves measuring differential time delays of a single uplink signal observed through two adjacent spacecraft. The other uses a short baseline interferometer composed of the two cross-polarized and spatially separated antenna feeds aboard an affected satellite. A unique location is obtained by using an appropriate combination of the two methods. A system for measurement of the required differential delays and phases and experimental work performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the location methods are described. <<ETX>>
Um Modelo de Rastreabilidade com suporte ao Gerenciamento de Mudanças e Análise de Impacto

E de senso comum que a gestao da mudanca de requisitos exerce papel fundamental no processo de desenvolvimento de software, principalmente no que tange a qualidade. Para que se possa gerenciar a mudanca de requisitos de forma efetiva e precisa, torna-se indispensavel o uso de informacoes de rastreabilidade, que por sua vez, torna possivel a realizacao da analise de impacto. Para que se possa efetivamente gerenciar as mudancas de software e necessario a existencia de um modelo que permita representar com precisao a rastreabilidade de software, as mudancas ocorridas e os impactos gerados. Apesar destes assuntos serem de suma importância dentro da area da engenharia de requisitos, parece nao haver um modelo que permita representar estes aspectos ao mesmo tempo de forma que supra os requisitos necessarios identificados na literatura. Desta forma, a proposta deste trabalho e o desenvolvimento de um modelo de rastreabilidade que suporte o gerenciamento da mudanca e analise de impacto, de forma que atenda aos requisitos identificados nos trabalhos ja desenvolvidos na area.
Principles that govern the folding of protein chains.

Stanford Moore, William Stein, and Anfinsen were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1972 for "their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active center of the ribonuclease molecule. " In his Nobel Lecture, Anfinsen provided a sketch of the rich history of research that provided the foundation for his work on protein folding and the "Thermodynamic Hypothesis," and outlined potential avenues of current and future scientific exploration.