Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Institute for Mathematical Physics the Algebro–geometric Initial Value Problem for the Ablowitz–ladik Hierarchy the Algebro-geometric Initial Value Problem for the Ablowitz–ladik Hierarchy

We discuss the algebro-geometric initial value problem for the Ablowitz–Ladik hierarchy with complex-valued initial data and prove unique solvability globally in time for a set of initial (Dirichlet divisor) data of full measure. To this effect we develop a new algorithm for constructing stationary complex-valued algebro-geometric solutions of the Ablowitz–Ladik hierarchy, which is of independent interest as it solves the inverse algebro-geometric spectral problem for general (non-unitary) Ablowitz–Ladik Lax operators, starting from a suitably chosen set of initial divisors of full measure. Combined with an appropriate first-order system of differential equations with respect to time (a substitute for the well-known Dubrovin-type equations), this yields the construction of global algebro-geometric solutions of the time-dependent Ablowitz–Ladik hierarchy. The treatment of general (non-unitary) Lax operators associated with general coefficients for the Ablowitz–Ladik hierarchy poses a variety of difficulties that, to the best of our knowledge, are successfully overcome here for the first time. Our approach is not confined to the Ablowitz–Ladik hierarchy but applies generally to (1 + 1)-dimensional completely integrable soliton equations of differential-difference type.
An ontology to support knowledge enabled services on earth observation

This paper discusses an ontology-aided approach to EO product search. A specific user domain ontology, an EO domain ontology are proposed and linked. The user domain ontology covers the case studies of water quality and maritime security while the EO domain covers oil-spills, algae bloom, ship detection and wind and waves information. This work is based on AI technologies such as ontologies, knowledge based systems, knowledge discovery and data mining. The ontology described is part of the project EO-KESB Earth Observation domain-specific Knowledge Enabled Services under development for the ESA/ESRIN (European Space Agency/ European Space Research Institute).
Communicating Global Activism

Many observers doubt the capacity of digital media to change the political game. The rise of a transnational activism that is aimed beyond states and directly at corporations, trade and development regimes offers a fruitful area for understanding how communication practices can help create a new politics. The Internet is implicated in the new global activism far beyond merely reducing the costs of communication, or transcending the geographical and temporal barriers associated with other communication media. Various uses of the Internet and digital media facilitate the loosely structured networks, the weak identity ties, and the patterns of issue and demonstration organizing that define a new global protest politics. Analysis of various cases shows how digital network configurations can facilitate: permanent campaigns; the growth of broad networks despite relatively weak social identity and ideology ties; transformation of individual member organizations and whole networks; and the capacity to communicate messages from desktops to television screens. The same qualities that make these communication-based politics durable also make them vulnerable to problems of control, decision-making and collective identity.
Classifying simulated air threats with fast and frugal heuristics

In three experiments, subjects learned to classify simulated aircraft using four probabilistic cues then classified test sets designed to contrast predictions of several compensatory and non-compensatory heuristics. Results indicated that a proportion of subjects appeared to use a non-compensatory fast and frugal heuristic but that significant proportions used less frugal compensatory decision rules. The relative proportions of subjects exhibiting responses consistent with the fast and frugal heuristic versus other decision rules was largely unaffected by manipulations of time pressure and perceived cue uncertainty. An extreme time constraint, however, did result in significant differences in the proportions of subjects who preferred non-compensatory to compensatory decision rules. These results suggest that it is possible to model multi-attribute decision tasks like threat assessment with a fast and frugal heuristic although no single heuristic is a general model for the simulated threat assessment task.
The world of the social entrepreneur

The term “social entrepreneurship” is being adopted and used more extensively, but its meaning is not widely understood. In particular, the scope of social entrepreneurship in both business and the voluntary sector has not been mapped effectively. This paper seeks to do this. It begins by defining social entrepreneurs and social entrepreneurship. Then, using projects considered for a charter award under the Duke of York’s Community Initiative, it looks at what social entrepreneurs do and achieve for the community, at the wide scope of their world, and at the help that is available and needed. The paper includes two case studies of successful social entrepreneurs as a means of drawing out a number of important issues and lessons. It provides a new map for understanding the complexity and the many facets of the world of the social entrepreneur and the voluntary sector. It questions whether the UK government’s stated desire for an “explosive act” of volunteering can happen without more substantial support, and concludes that whilst the growth of this sector is urgent and vital, a number of hurdles remain to be overcome.
Analytical aspects of population-specific DNA fingerprinting for individuals.

An emerging problem of some interest is whether we can determine the population membership of a single individual, using a population-specific "genetic fingerprint. " The levels of accuracy and precision required are beyond the reach of allozyme analysis, and attention has shifted to DNA polymorphisms. There are different types of DNA markers available for population surveys: RFLPs, mini- and micro-satellites, and RAPDs, and each type has its own strengths and weaknesses. We present a generic analysis that relates gene pool separation to our ability to assign individuals, an analysis that does not depend on the type of marker. We then review strengths and weaknesses of different DNA markers, in the context of DNA fingerprinting. Codominant loci are best. It is possible to gain more information per marker with multiallelic loci, but diminishing returns set in rapidly, and it is better to add loci. A modest number of independent loci is best, each locus with a modest number of alleles and with each allele in modest frequency.
Mental health, personality and cognitive problems in persistent adolescent offenders require long-term solutions: a pilot study

This paper presents an investigation of the mental health needs, personality and cognitive functioning of persistent male adolescent offenders serving custodial sentences. Each participant completed a diagnostic interview (K-SADS-E); a self-report measure used to assess adolescent personality characteristics, personal problems and the presence of clinical syndromes (MACI); and an intelligence test (WISC). The results showed the group exhibited a complex combination of externalising behaviours (conduct disorder, ADHD, drug abuse), familial and interpersonal difficulties and low intelligence. These results are considered in terms of their clinical implications. The recent UK government emphasis on short custodial sentences is considered disparate with the findings of this study and the existing evidence on effective treatments. There is a need for longer term intervention strategies for this vulnerable group of individuals, who without the appropriate help and support are at significant risk of re-offending.
Menores Víctimas del Terrorismo: Una Aproximación desde la Victimología del Desarrollo

Even though children and young people are targets with a high risk of vulnerability to interpersonal victimization and their negative consequences, research on the psychological impact of terrorism on children has not been a topic of interest in Spain. After the permanent and general cease-fire by the most violent terrorist group in Spain, the present article reviews the literature on children´s victims of terrorism. International literature has shown that the impact of terror is, in most of the cases, and depending on certain variables, not generalized and transient for children. Individual´s resiliency is a factor that should be kept in mind. However, the assistance provided to children from mental health specialists after an attack is scarce and trained professionals in the field of developmental victimology are needed, who be able to recognize the physical, psychological and social adverse effects associated with these experiences for a small but significant group of children.
Globalization and hybridization in cultural products

Hybridization has become part of an ongoing trend in cultural production, with both the globalization and localization of the culture industry. Hybridization, however, is not merely the mixing, blending and synthesizing of different elements that ultimately forms a culturally faceless whole. In the course of hybridization, cultures often generate new forms and make new connections with one another. This study looks at two globally popular films that were adapted from Chinese works, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and Mulan, as examples to illustrate the complexity involved in hybridization and the implications that it has for the debate on the globalization of culture. It was found that ‘deculturalization’, ‘acculturalization’ and ‘reculturalization’ can be used to characterize the hybridization of cultural products and that often the producer, with his/her background, aspirations and work style, has a key role to play in deciding how these features are organized and manifested.
Genetic and virulence characterization of Flavobacterium columnare from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

Aim: To develop a method for conducting pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) on Flavobacterium columnare, to use PFGE to characterize F. columnare channel catfish isolates, and to determine whether variation in pathogenic potential exists in F. columnare isolates from channel catfish.
Adapting Learning Contents to Mobile Devices and Context to Improve Students' Learning Performance: A Case Study

E-learning has been a revolution in recent years in training field. This, combined with the increased use of mobile devices has caused the emergence of m-learning. Hence new problems have appeared in the training field, such as displaying correctly learning contents in a mobile device that has restricted features or taking into account the learner's context in the learning process, who could be anywhere. For this reason the adaptation concept is used, in order to personalize or adapt the learning contents to each student. This paper presents a case study in a real course using a multi-agent system for adapting the learning contents to the learner's context and to his/her mobile device. The results of the experiment show that the students who used the adaptive system (experimental group) obtained better grades than the students who did not (control group).
Comprehensive Overview of Nursing and Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Care of the Stroke Patient: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

In the United States, the incidence rate of new or recurrent stroke is approximately 795 000 per year, and stroke prevalence for individuals over the age of 20 years is estimated at 6.5 million.1 Mortality rates in the first 30 days after stroke have decreased because of advances in emergency medicine and acute stroke care. In addition, there is strong evidence that organized postacute, inpatient stroke care delivered within the first 4 weeks by an interdisciplinary healthcare team results in an absolute reduction in the number of deaths.2,3 Despite these positive achievements, stroke continues to represent the leading cause of long-term disability in Americans: An estimated 50 million stroke survivors worldwide currently cope with significant physical, cognitive, and emotional deficits, and 25% to 74% of these survivors require some assistance or are fully dependent on caregivers for activities of daily living (ADLs). 4,5 Notwithstanding the substantial progress in acute stroke care over the past 15 years, the focus of stroke medical advances and healthcare resources has been on acute and subacute recovery phases, which has resulted in substantial health disparities in later phases of stroke care. Additionally, healthcare providers (HCPs) are often unaware of not only patients’ potential for improvement during more chronic recovery phases but also common issues that stroke survivors and their caregivers experience. Furthermore, even with evidence that documents neuroplasticity potential regardless of age and time after stroke,6 the mean lifetime cost of ischemic stroke (which accounts for 87% of all strokes) in the United States is an estimated $140 000 (for inpatient, rehabilitation, and follow-up costs), with 70% of first-year stroke costs attributed to acute inpatient hospital care1; therefore, fewer financial resources appear to be dedicated to providing optimal care during the later phases of stroke recovery. Because there remains a …
The effect of golimumab on haemoglobin levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of golimumab on haemoglobin levels in patients with RA, PsA or AS. METHODS Secondary analysis was performed on integrated data from five randomized controlled studies: three RA, one PsA and one AS (2303 patients total). Golimumab 50 or 100 mg was injected s.c. every 4 weeks with or without MTX. Control groups received placebo injections plus MTX or background therapy. Patients with haemoglobin levels below the age- and sex-specific normal ranges were considered to have anaemia. Ferritin levels were used to distinguish anaemia of mixed aetiology (≥ 15 and <60 ng/ml) and anaemia of inflammation (≥ 60 ng/ml). Changes from baseline to weeks 14 and 24 in haemoglobin level were compared between treatment groups using an analysis of variance on the van der Waerden normal scores. RESULTS At baseline, 21% of RA patients, 9% of PsA patients and 15% of AS patients had anaemia. Of these, 24%, 57% and 25%, respectively, had anaemia of inflammation. The median increase from baseline to week 14 in the haemoglobin level of anaemic patients was 0.3 g/dl in the control group and 0.9 g/dl in the golimumab group (P < 0.001). Haemoglobin levels improved within the subgroups of patients with anaemia of mixed aetiology (control, 0.4 g/dl vs golimumab, 0.7 g/dl) (P = 0.305) and with anaemia of inflammation (0.2 vs 1.4 g/dl, respectively) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Compared with the control group, patients receiving golimumab treatment had significantly improved haemoglobin levels, particularly among patients with anaemia of inflammation.
Combined uphill and downhill sprint running training is more efficacious than horizontal.

PURPOSE This study examined the effects of sprint running training on sloping surfaces (3 degrees) on selected kinematic and physiological variables. METHODS Fifty-four sport and physical education students were randomly allocated to one of two training groups (combined uphill-downhill [U+D] and horizontal (H)) and a control group (C). Pre- and posttraining tests were performed to examine the effects of 8 wk of training on the maximum running speed (MRS), step rate, step length, step time, contact time, eccentric and concentric phase of contact time (EP, CP), flight time, selected posture characteristics of the step cycle, and 6-s maximal cycle sprint test. RESULTS MRS, step rate, contact time, and step time were improved significantly in a 35-m sprint test for the U+D group (P<.01) after training by 4.3%, 4.3%, -5.1%, and -3.9% respectively, whereas the H group showed smaller improvements, (1.7% (P<.05), 1.2% (P<.01), 1.7% (P<.01), and 1.2% (P<.01) respectively). There were no significant changes in the C group. The posture characteristics and the peak anaerobic power (AWT) performance did not change with training in any of the groups. CONCLUSION The U+D training method was significantly more effective in improving MRS and the kinematic characteristics of sprint running than a traditional horizontal training method.
Cellular DNA methylation program during neurulation and its alteration by alcohol exposure.

BACKGROUND Epigenetic changes are believed to be among the earliest key regulators for cell fate and embryonic development. To support this premise, it is important to understand whether or not systemic epigenetic changes coordinate with the progression of development. We have demonstrated that DNA methylation is programmed when neural stem cells differentiate (Zhou et al.,2011). Here, we analyzed the DNA methylation events that occur during early neural tube development. METHODS AND RESULTS Using immunocytochemistry, we demonstrated that the DNA methylation marks - 5-methylcytosine (5-MeC), DNA methylation binding domain 1 (MBD1), and DNA methytransferases 1 (DNMT1) were highly coordinated in temporal and spatial patterns that paralleled the progress of embryonic development. The above ontogenic program of DNA methylation was, however, subjected to environmental modification. Alcohol exposure during fetal development, which is known to cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, altered the density and distribution of the DNA methylation marks. The alcohol exposure (88 mM) over 6 or 44 hours at gestation day 8 (GD-8) to GD-10 altered timely DNA methylation and retarded embryonic growth. We further demonstrated that the direct inhibiting of DNA methylation with 5-aza-cytidine (5-AZA) resulted in similar growth retardation. CONCLUSIONS We identified a temporal and spatial cellular DNA methylation program after initial erasure, which parallels embryonic maturation. Alcohol delayed the cellular DNA methylation program and also retarded embryonic growth. Since direct inhibiting of DNA methylation resulted in similar retardation, alcohol thus can affect embryonic development through a epigenetic pathway.
A transparent object-oriented schema change approach using view evolution

When a database is shared by many users, updates to the database schema are almost always prohibited because there is a risk of making existing application programs obsolete when they run against the modified schema. This paper addresses the problem by integrating schema evolution with view facilities. When new requirements necessitate schema updates for a particular user, the user specifies schema changes to the personal view rather than to the shared base schema. Our view evolution approach then computes a new view schema that reflects the semantics of the desired schema change, and replaces the old view with the new one. We present algorithms that implement the set of schema evolution operations typically supported by OODB systems as view definitions. This approach provides the means for schema change without affecting other views (and thus without affecting existing application programs). The persistent data is shared by different views of the schema, i.e., both old as well as newly developed applications can continue to interoperate. In this paper, we present examples that demonstrate our approach. <<ETX>>
Deep Endometriosis Induced Spontaneous Colon Rectal Perforation in Pregnancy: Laparoscopy Is Advanced Tool to Confirm Diagnosis

Endometriosis causes rare complications in pregnancy, such as obstetrical bleeding, preterm birth, spontaneous haemoperitoneum, and intestinal perforation. The prevalence of spontaneous perforation due to intestinal endometriosis is unknown in pregnancy. A recent review of the literature indicated 15 bowel complications caused by endometriosis during pregnancy or at the immediate postpartum period. The diagnosis of a bowel perforation can be difficult and in all of the cases reported necessitates an exploratory laparotomy. Anyway, in the majority of cases bowel perforation is not diagnosed during this laparotomy, and a repeat laparotomy is needed. Laparoscopy is being used increasingly in the diagnosis and operative management of acute abdomen. Laparoscopy can be a useful means of diagnosis and in addition a therapeutic tool in selected pregnant patients with abdominal pain. We report the first case of a pregnant woman with spontaneous double sigmoid and rectal perforation from decidualized endometriosis diagnosed by laparoscopy.
Almost k-Wise vs. k-Wise Independent Permutations, and Uniformity for General Group Actions

A family of permutations in Sn is k-wise independent if a uniform permutation chosen from the family maps any sequence of k distinct elements to any sequence of k distinct elements with equal probability. Efficient constructions of k-wise independent permutations are known for k = 2 and k = 3 based on multiply transitive permutation groups but are unknown for k≥ 4. In fact, it is known that there are no nontrivial subgroups of Sn for n≥ 25 which are 4-wise independent (“4-transitive”). Faced with this obstacle, research has turned towards constructing almost k-wise independent families, where small errors are allowed. Constructions of almost k-wise independent families of permutations, with optimal size up to polynomial factors, have been achieved by several authors. Motivated by this problem, we give several results relating almost k-wise and k-wise distributions over permutations. ∗An earlier version of this paper appeared in the Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Randomization and Computation (RANDOM ’12), pages 350–361, 2012. †Supported in part by an ERC advanced grant and by NSF grant DMS-0835373. ‡Supported by NSF grant DMS-0835373. ACM Classification: G.3 AMS Classification: 68W20,68Q25