Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a Yokeless and Segmented Armature Axial Flux Machine

This paper is about the mechanical design and analysis of a yokeless and segmented armature axial flux permanent-magnet (PM) synchronous machine, which consists of two external rotors and an inner stator. Although this new electrical machine has many advantages such as high torque density, shorter axial length, and high efficiency, its mechanical construction is yet challenging. This is mostly due to the high axial force between the stator and the two rotors, which can be further increased by the inevitable manufacturing and assembly tolerances. Based on the determined geometric dimensions of the electromagnetically relevant components, a reliable mechanical construction is developed in this paper. Subsequently, stress, deformation, thermal, and modal analyses are performed based on finite-element method (FEM). Finally, the first prototype is successfully manufactured and measured. It can be concluded that the proposed construction is reliable and the measured data match well with the results of the electromagnetic analysis.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Identification of novel genes and pathways affecting Salmonella type III secretion system 1 using a contact-dependent hemolysis assay

We screened 5,700 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium mutants for defects in type III secretion system 1 (T3SS-1)-mediated contact-dependent hemolysis to identify novel genes and pathways affecting the activity of T3SS-1. Our data suggest that previously unrecognized factors such as type I ﬁmbriae may modulate the expression, activity, or deployment of this key virulence factor. Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are found in many gram-negative bacteria and are used to secrete and translocate a range of bacterial proteins known as effectors directly into the host cell (reviewed in reference 6). Salmonella possesses two T3SSs which are used at distinct stages of the infection process. T3SS-1, encoded within Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1), is required for the initial invasion of host cells and the induction of enteropathogenic responses (reviewed in 14, 22), while T3SS-2, encoded within SPI-2, is used in the later stages of infection, promoting survival and replication of Salmonella within host cells (reviewed in reference 1). Lysis of erythrocytes in a manner dependent upon T3SSs has been observed in a number of bacteria including Shigella , enteropathogenic Escherichia coli , Yersinia , Bordetella and Salmonella (8, 10, 12,
Engineering and analysis of gripping fabrics for improved ballistic performance

Previous studies show that fabric construction is one of the key factors affecting the performance of ballistic fabrics. In order to investigate the effect of yarn gripping in fabrics, plain woven narrow fabrics with different widths have been designed and studied. In terms of narrow fabrics, it was found that narrower fabric demonstrates better performance than wider ones under low impact energy due to the better weft yarn gripping effect of the selvages. In the case of higher impact energy, wider narrow fabric shows better ballistic performance in having sufficient material to dissipate the impact energy. Different ballistic panels were made for ballistic testing, with each panel only formed from the same fabric. Performance of narrow fabric panels is disappointing compared to the broad fabric panel due to the discontinuity of the fabric material. A novel broad fabric has been engineered providing both enhanced yarn gripping and material continuity. Tests showed that panels made from such fabrics have improved performance against both back face deformation and projectile penetration.
Advice from Belnap Policies

Coordination languages for mobile, distributed systems constitute a good basis for the use of aspect-oriented features for providing a clear separation between the functionality and the security policies of programs. Allowing for a distributed definition of aspects, that jointly define a security policy, provide for a number of challenges regarding how to deal with conflicts and how to demonstrate that an overall security policy is met. We adapt recent work on policy composition using Belnap Logic to provide a uniform treatment of conflicts. We further define a modal logic to allow reasoning about the overall security policy. Throughout, we illustrate the developments by examples drawn from health service policies.
Supplement for " Contextual Time Series Change Detection " Technical Report Supplement for " Contextual Time Series Change Detection " Contextual Time Series Change Detection

Time series data are common in a variety of fields ranging from economics to medicine and manufacturing. As a result, time series analysis and modeling has become an active research area in statistics and data mining. In this paper, we focus on a type of change we call contextual time series change (CTC) and propose a novel two-stage algorithm to address it. In contrast to traditional change detection methods, which consider each time series separately, CTC is defined as a change relative to the behavior of a group of related time series. As a result, our proposed method is able to identify novel types of changes not found by other algorithms. We demonstrate the unique capabilities of our approach with several case studies on real-world datasets from the financial and Earth science domains.
A simple recurrent neural network for solution of linear programming: Application to a Microgrid

The aim of this paper is to present a simple new class of recurrent neural networks, which solves linear programming. It is considered as a sliding mode control problem, where the network structure is based on the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions, and the KKT multipliers are the control inputs to be implemented with finite time stabilizing terms based on the unit control, instead of common used activation functions. Thus, the main feature of the proposed network is the fixed number of parameters despite of the optimization problem dimension, which means, the network can be easily scaled from a small to a higher dimension problem. The applicability of the proposed scheme is tested on real-time optimization of an electrical Microgrid prototype.
GroEL of Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 (NCC 533) Is Cell Surface Associated: Potential Role in Interactions with the Host and the Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter pylori

ABSTRACT Heat shock proteins of the GroEL or Hsp60 class are highly conserved proteins essential to all living organisms. Even though GroEL proteins are classically considered intracellular proteins, they have been found at the surface of several mucosal pathogens and have been implicated in cell attachment and immune modulation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the GroEL protein of a gram-positive probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 (NCC 533). Its presence at the bacterial surface was demonstrated using a whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and could be detected in bacterial spent culture medium by immunoblotting. To assess binding of La1 GroEL to mucins and intestinal epithelial cells, the La1 GroEL protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. We report here that La1 recombinant GroEL (rGroEL) binds to mucins and epithelial cells and that this binding is pH dependent. Immunomodulation studies showed that La1 rGroEL stimulates interleukin-8 secretion in macrophages and HT29 cells in a CD14-dependent mechanism. This property is common to rGroEL from other gram-positive bacteria but not to the rGroEL of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. In addition, La1 rGroEL mediates the aggregation of H. pylori but not that of other intestinal pathogens. Our in vitro results suggest that GroEL proteins from La1 and other lactic acid bacteria might play a role in gastrointestinal homeostasis due to their ability to bind to components of the gastrointestinal mucosa and to aggregate H. pylori.
English to Hungarian Morpheme-based Statistical Machine Translation System with Reordering Rules

Phrase-based statistical machine transla- tion systems can generate translations of reasonable quality in the case of language pairs with similar structure and word or- der. However, if the languages are more distant from a grammatical point of view, the quality of translations is much behind the expectations, since the baseline trans- lation system cannot cope with long dis- tance reordering of words and the mapping of word internal grammatical structures. In our paper, we present a method that tries to overcome these problems in the case of English-Hungarian translation by apply- ing reordering rules prior to the translation process and by creating morpheme-based and factored models. Although automatic evaluation scores do not reliably reflect the improvement in all cases, human evalua- tion of our systems shows that readabil- ity and accuracy of the translations were improved both by reordering and applying richer models.
A 3.8 GHz tunable filter based on ferroelectric interdigitated capacitors

In this paper, a tunable filter using ferroelectric capacitor is described. The interdigitated capacitor (IDC) is based on Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) thin-film. After the material and capacitor characterization in microwave frequency domain, the IDC has been introduced in a hairpin filter. The characterization of the filter exhibits a center frequency shift from 3.5 GHz (under 0 kV/cm) to 3.9 GHz (under 300 kV/cm) which corresponds to a relative shift of 11.4%.
Efficient cooling with tool inserts manufactured by electron beam melting

Purpose: This paper presents a comparative study, regarding cooling time and dimensional accuracy, of conventional injection mold cooling channel layouts, using straight holes and a baffle, and free-form fabricated (FFF) layout, manufactured by the direct-metal rapid tooling (RT) method electron beam melting (EBM). Many other methods have been proven useful for rapid tooling, but the authors have not found any publications where EBM has been used to manufacture injection molding tools. Design/methodology/approach: A test part was designed in order to replicate a common and important issue: inadequate cooling in deep cores. The part and the different cooling layouts were analyzed in an injection molding simulation software and the numerical results were compared with corresponding experimental results. Findings: The analyses showed an improvement in both cooling time and dimensional accuracy in favor of conformal FFF cooling channels manufactured by EBM. The experimental results correlate well with the numerical tests, however with some discrepancies. Research limitations/implications: The results presented are based on the direct-metal RT method EBM, and they were obtained using a specific test part. Orginality/value: This paper can be a useful aid when designing mold tools and especially when considering the usage of FFF cooling channels versus conventional cooling design. It can also serve as a reference when comparing the efficiency in terms of cooling time and dimensional accuracy between different layouts.
Continuous serial thin sectioning for electron microscopy

The process of serial sectioning for electron microscopy has been refined such that loss of thin sections is kept below 0.1% and the series is continued at will. The method relies on microscopic control of all manipulative steps, Formvar casting on plate glass for coated slot grids, coating of the block with contact cement for reliable ribboning, pickup by a one-step method with grid support in the diamond knife trough, staining in LKB grid holders, gentle treatment of grids in the electron microscope, and a slight modification to the microscope for safe grid withdrawal. The results are particularly applicable to the reconstruction of neuronal microcircuits and larger volumes of neuropil.
Constitutive Overexpression of the OsNAS Gene Family Reveals Single-Gene Strategies for Effective Iron- and Zinc-Biofortification of Rice Endosperm

Background Rice is the primary source of food for billions of people in developing countries, yet the commonly consumed polished grain contains insufficient levels of the key micronutrients iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and Vitamin A to meet daily dietary requirements. Experts estimate that a rice-based diet should contain 14.5 µg g−1 Fe in endosperm, the main constituent of polished grain, but breeding programs have failed to achieve even half of that value. Transgenic efforts to increase the Fe concentration of rice endosperm include expression of ferritin genes, nicotianamine synthase genes (NAS) or ferritin in conjunction with NAS genes, with results ranging from two-fold increases via single-gene approaches to six-fold increases via multi-gene approaches, yet no approach has reported 14.5 µg g−1 Fe in endosperm. Methodology/Principal Findings Three populations of rice were generated to constitutively overexpress OsNAS1, OsNAS2 or OsNAS3, respectively. Nicotianamine, Fe and Zn concentrations were significantly increased in unpolished grain of all three of the overexpression populations, relative to controls, with the highest concentrations in the OsNAS2 and OsNAS3 overexpression populations. Selected lines from each population had at least 10 µg g−1 Fe in polished grain and two OsNAS2 overexpression lines had 14 and 19 µg g−1 Fe in polished grain, representing up to four-fold increases in Fe concentration. Two-fold increases of Zn concentration were also observed in the OsNAS2 population. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated that OsNAS2 overexpression leads to significant enrichment of Fe and Zn in phosphorus-free regions of rice endosperm. Conclusions The OsNAS genes, particularly OsNAS2, show enormous potential for Fe and Zn biofortification of rice endosperm. The results demonstrate that rice cultivars overexpressing single rice OsNAS genes could provide a sustainable and genetically simple solution to Fe and Zn deficiency disorders affecting billions of people throughout the world.
Optimal collusion-resistant mechanisms with verification

We present the first general positive result on the construction of collusion-resistant mechanisms, that is, mechanisms that guarantee dominant strategies even when agents can form arbitrary coalitions and exchange compensations (sometimes referred to as transferable utilities or side payments). This is a much stronger solution concept as compared to truthful or even group-strategyproof mechanisms, and only impossibility results were known for this type of mechanisms in the "classical" model. We describe collusion-resistant mechanisms with verification that return optimal solutions for a wide class of mechanism design problems (which includes utilitarian ones as a special case). Note that every collusion-resistant mechanism without verification has an unbounded approximation factor and, in general, optimal solutions cannot be obtained even if we content ourselves with truthful ("non-collusion-resistant") mechanisms. All these results apply to problems that have been extensively studied in the algorithmic mechanism design literature such as task scheduling and inter-domain routing.
In-situ Observation of Shear Deformation of Gold Single Real Contact Point at the Nanoscale

We in-situ observed the deformation of a gold single real contact point at the nanoscale during friction experiment in order to reveal the mechanism of friction. In this experiment, a special experimental setup combining between micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), called MEMS-in-TEM, was utilized for the stable visualization of the real contact point. Gold tips with electrostatic actuators were gently brought into contact and were rubbed each other at a quasi-static speed under TEM observation. Between tips, the gold single real contact point was formed and deformed in shear. During this deformation, the ends of the real contact point travelled 2.8 nm along the surface of the gold tips, although those of silicon and silver did not move. The maximum friction was 60 nN, repeating the stick-slip behavior from 35 to 60 nN. This result will be helpful to understand the mechanism of friction at the nanoscale and the lubrication mechanism of solid lubricants.
The Effectiveness of a Physical Activity Intervention for Seniors

Purpose. To determine whether a tailored, 6-month, neighborhood-based, physical activity intervention for people aged 65 to 74 years could increase their total physical activity levels and to identify factors associated with physical activity times. Design. A longitudinal, prospective, intervention study. Setting. Perth, Western Australia. Subjects. A total of 573 older adults, recruited from 30 intervention (n = 260) and 30 control (n = 313) neighborhoods. Initial response rates were 74% (260/352) in the intervention group and 82% (313/382) in the control group, which provided the 573 adults for participation in the study. A total of 413 participants (177 and 236 in the intervention and control groups, respectively) completed the program. Intervention. A neighborhood-based physical activity intervention. Measures. A self-reported questionnaire administered at three time points. Physical activity levels were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Personal and demographic information, including perceived financial struggle and proximity to friends, were collected. Analysis. Descriptive statistics, repeated measures analysis of variance, and generalized estimating equations (GEE). Results. The intervention resulted in a significant increase in total average physical activity times of 2.25 hours per week (p < .001). The GEE analysis confirmed significant increases in physical activity from baseline to midpoint (p = .002) and to postintervention (p = .031). Perception of financial struggle (p = .020) was positively associated with physical activity time spent by participants, whereas having no friends or acquaintances living nearby (p = .037) had a significant negative correlation. The main limitation of this study was the restricted duration of the intervention. Conclusion. The program was successful in increasing weekly mean time for physical activity in seniors and in identifying factors that affect their commitment to physical activities.
Truth-conditional content and conversational implicature

Book description: Semantic theory in linguistics cannot retain its traditional purity, free of pragmatic contextual considerations. Agreement with the preceding claim, generally shared by this volume's contributors, provides the setting for a presentation of various provocative approaches toward a precise definition of pragmatics along with a reconciliation of pragmatics with semantics. Here is a collection of leading-edge work that examines the semantics/pragmatics dispute in terms of phenomena such as indexicals, proper names, conventional and conversational implicatures, procedural meaning, and semantic underdetermination. Examples show how these phenomena reach from the linguistic realm to the fields of psychology, philosophy, literature, and anthropology.
Perception of edges and visual texture in the camouflage of the common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis

The cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, provides a fascinating opportunity to investigate the mechanisms of camouflage as it rapidly changes its body patterns in response to the visual environment. We investigated how edge information determines camouflage responses through the use of spatially high-pass filtered ‘objects’ and of isolated edges. We then investigated how the body pattern responds to objects defined by texture (second-order information) compared with those defined by luminance. We found that (i) edge information alone is sufficient to elicit the body pattern known as Disruptive, which is the camouflage response given when a whole object is present, and furthermore, isolated edges cause the same response; and (ii) cuttlefish can distinguish and respond to objects of the same mean luminance as the background. These observations emphasize the importance of discrete objects (bounded by edges) in the cuttlefish's choice of camouflage, and more generally imply that figure–ground segregation by cuttlefish is similar to that in vertebrates, as might be predicted by their need to produce effective camouflage against vertebrate predators.
Probabilistic Matching of polygons ∗

We analyze a probabilistic algorithm for matching plane compact sets with sufficiently nice boundaries under translations and rigid motions (rotation and translation). Given shapes A and B, the algorithm computes a transformation t such that with high probability the area of overlap of t(A) and B is close to maximal. We give a time bound that does not depend on the number of vertices in the case of polygons.
Hsp90 and PKM2 Drive the Expression of Aromatase in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome Breast Adipose Stromal Cells*

Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) patients harbor germ line mutations in the TP53 gene and are at increased risk of hormone receptor-positive breast cancers. Recently, elevated levels of aromatase, the rate-limiting enzyme for estrogen biosynthesis, were found in the breast tissue of LFS patients. Although p53 down-regulates aromatase expression, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. In the present study, we found that LFS stromal cells expressed higher levels of Hsp90 ATPase activity and aromatase compared with wild-type stromal cells. Inhibition of Hsp90 ATPase suppressed aromatase expression. Silencing Aha1 (activator of Hsp90 ATPase 1), a co-chaperone of Hsp90 required for its ATPase activity, led to both inhibition of Hsp90 ATPase activity and reduced aromatase expression. In comparison with wild-type stromal cells, increased levels of the Hsp90 client proteins, HIF-1α, and PKM2 were found in LFS stromal cells. A complex comprised of HIF-1α and PKM2 was recruited to the aromatase promoter II in LFS stromal cells. Silencing either HIF-1α or PKM2 suppressed aromatase expression in LFS stromal cells. CP-31398, a p53 rescue compound, suppressed levels of Aha1, Hsp90 ATPase activity, levels of PKM2 and HIF-1α, and aromatase expression in LFS stromal cells. Consistent with these in vitro findings, levels of Hsp90 ATPase activity, Aha1, HIF-1α, PKM2, and aromatase were increased in the mammary glands of p53 null versus wild-type mice. PKM2 and HIF-1α were shown to co-localize in the nucleus of stromal cells of LFS breast tissue. Taken together, our results show that the Aha1-Hsp90-PKM2/HIF-1α axis mediates the induction of aromatase in LFS.