Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A direct effect of hyperinsulinemia on serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels in obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.

To determine whether hyperinsulinemia can directly reduce serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels in obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome, six obese women with this disorder were studied. Before study, ovarian steroid production was suppressed in each woman by the administration of 7.5 mg of a long-acting GnRH agonist, leuprolide depot, im, on days -56, -28, and 0. This resulted in substantial reductions in serum concentrations of testosterone (from 1.72 +/- 0.29 nmol/L on day -56 to 0.32 +/- 0.09 nmol/L on day 0), non-SHBG-bound testosterone (from 104 +/- 16 pmol/L on day -56 to 19 +/- 5 pmol/L on day 0), androstenedione (from 7.25 +/- 1.65 nmol/L on day -56 to 2.78 +/- 0.94 nmol/L on day 0), estrone (from 371 +/- 71 pmol/L on day -56 to 156 +/- 29 pmol/L on day 0), estradiol (from 235 +/- 26 pmol/L on day -56 to 90 +/- 24 pmol/L on day 0), and progesterone (from 0.28 +/- 0.12 nmol/L on day -56 to 0.08 +/- 0.02 nmol/L on day 0). Serum SHBG levels, however, did not change (18.8 +/- 2.8 nmol/L on day -56 vs. 17.8 +/- 2.6 nmol/L on day 0). While continuing leuprolide treatment, the women were administered oral diazoxide (300 mg/day) for 10 days to suppress serum insulin levels. Diazoxide treatment resulted in suppressed insulin release during a 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (insulin area under the curve, 262 +/- 55 nmol/min.L on day 0 vs. 102 +/- 33 nmol/min.L on day 10; P less than 0.05) and deterioration of glucose tolerance. Serum testosterone, androstenedione, estrone, estradiol, and progesterone levels did not change during combined diazoxide and leuprolide treatment. In contrast, serum SHBG levels rose by 32% from 17.8 +/- 2.6 nmol/L on day 0 to 23.5 +/- 2.0 nmol/L on day 10 (P less than 0.003). Due primarily to the rise in serum SHBG levels, serum non-SHBG-bound testosterone levels fell by 43% from 19 +/- 5 pmol/L on day 0 to 11 +/- 4 pmol/L on day 10 (P = 0.05). These observations suggest that hyperinsulinemia directly reduces serum SHBG levels in obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome independently of any effect on serum sex steroids.
Structural Description of a Class of Involutive Uninorms via Skew Symmetrization

The main ‘philosophical’ outcome of this article is to demonstrate that the structural description of residuated lattices requires the use of the co-residuated setting. A construction, called skew symmetrization, which generalizes the well-known representation of an ordered Abelian group obtained from the positive (or negative) cone of the algebra is introduced here. Its definition requires leaving the accustomed residuated setting and entering the co-residuated setting. It is shown that every uninorm on [0, 1] with an involution defined by the residual complement with respect to the unit and having the unit as the fixed point of the involution can be described as the skew symmetrization of its underlying t-norm or underlying t-conorm.
Asperger's syndrome and violence

SIR: Scragg & Shah's paper on the prevalence of Asperger's syndrome (AS) in Broadmoor Hospital (BJP, November 1994, 165, 679â€”682)is important because it alerts us to a group of people in special hospitals whose pattern of disability means that theyhave specialneeds and may be particularly vulnerable. Indeed there may be others with un diagnosed AS elsewhere in the criminal justice system. Scragg & Shah assert that the prevalence of AS is significantly greater in Broadmoor Hospital than in the general community and that this supports an association between AS and violent behaviour. We would dispute whether the Ehlers & Gillberg (1993) study took a representative sample of the general community with which the Broadmoor population can be compared. They studied people from a different country (Sweden), of a different age (schoolchildren), of a different social background (predominantly middle class) and different edu cational background (all attended mainstream school). We therefore do not think that any differ ence in prevalence between the two groups can necessarily be attributed to an increased tendency for violent behaviour in the Broadmoor sample. We would also dispute whether a significant difference in prevalence has in fact been demon strated. Ehlers & Gillberg do not unfortunately report confidence intervals for their male sub sample, but even taking their (lower) figures for the whole sample, we find that the confidence intervals in the two studies overlap. For definite AS, Ehlers & Gillberg (1993) found a prevalence of 0.36% (95% CI 0.1 l%_0.84%) among Swedish schoolchildren, and Scragg & Shah found 1.5% (95% CI 0.6%â€” 3.3%) among men in Broadmoor. For figures in cluding all possible cases, Ehiers & Gillberg found a prevalence of 0.7 1% (95% CI 0.34%â€”l.3l%) and Scragg & Shah found 2.3% (95% CI 1.1%-4.3%). It cannot therefore be reasonably concluded that the differences in prevalence found were not due to chance alone. Given the recent publicity surrounding the case of the 13-year-old boy with AS who killed an 85-year-old woman in Wimborne, Dorset (Wright, 1994), it is important that readers do not conclude that AS is associated with a increased tendency to commit violent acts when this has not been proven.
BioSStore: A Client Interface for a Repository of Semantically Annotated Bioinformatics Web Services

Bioinformatics has shown itself to be a domain in which Web services are being used extensively. In this domain, simple but real services are being developed. Thus, there are huge repositories of real services available (for example BioMOBY main repository includes more than 1500 services). Besides, bioinformatics repositories usually have active communities using and working on improvements. However, these kinds of repositories do not exploit the full potential of Web services (and SOA, Service Oriented Applications, in general). On the other hand, sophisticated technologies have been proposed to improve SOA, including the annotation on Web services to explicitly describe them. However, these approaches are lacking in repositories with real services. In the work presented here, we address the drawbacks present in bioinformatics services and try to improve the current semantic model by introducing the use of the W3C standard Semantic Annotations for WSDL and XML Schema (SAWSDL) and related proposals (WSMO Lite). This paper focuses on a user interface that takes advantage of a repository of semantically annotated bioinformatics Web services. In this way, we exploit semantics for the discovery of Web services, showing how the use of semantics will improve the user searches. The BioSStore is available at http://biosstore.khaos. uma.es. This portal will contain also future developments of this proposal.
Limitations to antiarrhythmic drug use in patients with atrial fibrillation

Background: Of the antiarrhythmic agents currently marketed in Canada, 5 are commonly used to treat atrial fibrillation (AF). The impact of contraindications, warnings and precautions for the use of these drugs in patients with AF is not known. We evaluated the proportion of patients with AF for whom contraindications, warnings and/or precautions might limit the use of these commonly prescribed drugs and the proportion of patients actually receiving antiarrhythmic drugs despite the presence of contraindications and/or warnings. Methods: A total of 723 patients with electrocardiographically confirmed, new-onset paroxysmal AF who were enrolled in the Canadian Registry of Atrial Fibrillation were used in this analysis. The 1996 Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties was used to obtain contraindications, warnings and precautions for use of 5 antiarrhythmic drugs: flecainide, quinidine, sotalol, amiodarone and propafenone. Proportions of patients with contraindications, warnings and/or precautions for use of any of these drugs owing to comorbid conditions or concomitant drug therapy were calculated, regardless of whether the drugs had been prescribed. We then calculated the proportion of patients taking each antiarrhythmic drug at 3 months despite contraindications and/or warnings. Results: At baseline, when conditions for contraindications and warnings were combined, 414 (57%), 235 (33%), 327 (45%), 285 (39%) and 272 (38%) patients had restrictions for the use of flecainide, quinidine, sotalol, amiodarone and propafenone respectively. Among 465 patients actually taking these medications at 3-month follow-up, 33.3% (2/6), 83.3% (40/48), 36.4% (92/253), 64.1% (25/39) and 34.5% (41/119) respectively had contraindications and/or warnings against their use. The burden of comorbid disease among patients with AF was noteworthy: 404 (56%) had structural heart disease, which included 227 (31%) with ischemic heart disease, 158 (22%) with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and 106 (15%) with heart failure. Interpretation: The high burden of comorbid disease and concomitant drug use in a large proportion of patients with AF limits the suitability of existing antiarrhythmic drugs. Over one-third of patients with new-onset AF received antiarrhythmic drugs despite the presence of contraindications or warnings. Although such restrictions may not preclude the use of these drugs, the results demonstrate the need for new antiarrhythmic drugs with fewer limitations.
Towards Accurate Node-Based Detection of P2P Botnets

Botnets are a serious security threat to the current Internet infrastructure. In this paper, we propose a novel direction for P2P botnet detection called node-based detection. This approach focuses on the network characteristics of individual nodes. Based on our model, we examine node's flows and extract the useful features over a given time period. We have tested our approach on real-life data sets and achieved detection rates of 99-100% and low false positives rates of 0–2%. Comparison with other similar approaches on the same data sets shows that our approach outperforms the existing approaches.
Inter-Organizational Information and Middleware System Projects: Success, Failure, Complexity, and Challenges

Managing projects is firmly driven by its business goals. Simplistically, considering a project as success, or failure, depends on it meeting its objectives and requirements within its resources. While traditional projects are well constructed, Information Systems projects tend to be complex and ill,defined. These problems are exacerbated in contexts of Inter,Organ izational Information (IOIS) and Middleware Systems (IOMS). Such Inter,Enterprise System projec ts are likely to face challenges related to the non, homogeneity of project goals across partners, complexity of relationships within and across organizations, geographical dispersion, legal differences across boundaries, etc. In this paper we explore various approaches identifying outcomes of IS projects: Rational, Narrative, Organizational, and Performative. Furthermore, we identify the complexity and particular challenges of IOIS and IOMS projects and how such approaches towards identifying project success and/or failure are applicable or inapplicable. We conclude with a call for more research to be conducted in this nascent but vital area.
Fear of Crime: Beyond a Geography of Deviance

Criminological research has always embraced the spatial perspective. A geographical dimension pervades most major trends in the study of deviance, from Europe's nineteenth-century 'cartographic' criminologists through Chicago's early twentiethcentury ecologists to the 'environmental criminologists' of the present day (these schools of thought are variously reviewed in Davidson, 1981; Herbert, 1982; Smith, 1986a). Only recently, however, have the effects of crime been recognized as significant in their own right (demente and Kleiman, 1977), and the challenge of assessing a 'geography' of fear must now be confronted (see Smith, 1984a, for some preliminary observations). The significance of fear as an issue distinct from (as well as related to) the problem of crime first emerged from analyses of the United States' National Crime Survey (NCS) (see Biderman et al, 1967; Ennis, 1967; Reiss, 1967). The NCS is a sample survey administered regularly since the mid-1960s to elicit people's experi­ ences of, and attitudes towards, crime. During the 1970s, many countries followed the lead of the USA and instituted their own national surveys. The British Crime Survey (DCS), however, which evinces increasing sensitivity to the salience of fear, came much later, and only two sweeps (in 1982 and 1984) have so far been completed. Based on the new evidence this brings to light, and on the new research the advent of the crime survey has prompted, this paper offers both a general assessment of key conceptual issues in the analysis of fear, and a comparison of recent British studies with their longer-established North American equivalents. The aim, therefore, is both to review the literature and to fill a conspicuous gap in it, by setting an emerging body of British experience in its international context, and by illuminating the contribution of a geographical perspective with its emphasis on neighbourhood, community and the spatial organization of social relations to an understanding of the fear of crime.
What’s Love Got to Do with It? Parental Involvement and Spouse Choice in Urban India

“Arranged" marriages, characterized by strong parental control over mate choice, are the norm in India, although there is a steady transition towards autonomous “love” marriages, especially within the urban middle class. I construct a novel dataset by surveying 6,030 parents and adult children in Mumbai, India, to study selection into arranged marriage and its effects on spouse choice. I consider the choice between an arranged and a love marriage as the outcome of bargaining between parents and children, when agents have different preferences for spouse attributes. I find that stronger financial and kinship ties between parents and sons increase the likelihood of an arranged marriage. Furthermore, when parents are involved in mate choice, sons are significantly less likely to marry college-educated women and women engaged in the labor force, after controlling for individual and family characteristics. I show that these effects are driven, at least in part, by parental preferences and cannot be entirely attributed to correlation between arranged marriages and unobserved characteristics or preferences. These results suggest that lowering the incentive for parental control in mate choice may improve investments in women’s human capital in India.
Creating Grounds for Continuity : The Views of Staff and Students of the Finnish Music Campus on the MusiSoiva Kampus Event Week

MusiSoiva Kampus event week presents the musical skills of the students of the Finnish Music Campus. The author of this thesis worked as a production coordinator in the event in 2011 during her internship along with another student Samu Pirinen. The aim of this project-based thesis was to describe the opinions of the Finnish Music Campus staff and students on the event and identify the areas in need of improvement in its production. The issues brought to the fore in this document can be taken into consideration during the future productions and be used as a basis for a development plan for the event, which Samu Pirinen will cover in his thesis. The data collection method used was qualitative. The students filled in an open questionnaire that covered themes such as general issues in the event’s production, improvement suggestions and the students’ output in the production process. They also participated in a feedback workshop. Semistructured interviews were carried out with six staff members in order to learn about their perspectives to the event week. The findings in the feedback and interviews suggested that the internal aspects of the event needed improvement. They relate to the organizational structure, student participation and the cooperation within the Finnish Music Campus. Matching the procedures of three educational institutions is a challenging task, but once the internal issues are solved, more focus can be set on further developing its external aspects. The thesis describes the data collection process and its outcomes. Along with Pirinen’s development plan, the two documents create a basis for the continuity for the event, even if there are new production coordinators every year.
Towards a synthesis of substorm electrodynamics:HF radar and auroral observations

At 08:35 UT on 21 November 2004, the onset of an interval of substorm activity was captured in the south- ern hemisphere by the Far UltraViolet (FUV) instrument on board the IMAGE spacecraft. This was accompanied by the onset of Pi2 activity and subsequent magnetic bays, ev- ident in ground magnetic data from both hemispheres. Fur- ther intensifications were then observed in both the auroral and ground magnetic data over the following 3 h. Dur- ing this interval the fields-of-view of the two southern hemi- sphere Tasman International Geospace Enviroment Radars (TIGER) moved through the evening sector towards mid- night. Whilst initially low, the amount of backscatter from TIGER increased considerably during the early stages of the expansion phase such that by 09:20 UT an enhanced dusk flow cell was clearly evident. During the expansion phase the equatorward portion of this flow cell developed into a narrow high-speed flow channel, indicative of the auroral and sub- auroral flows identified in previous studies (e.g. Freeman et al., 1992; Parkinson et al., 2003). At the same time, higher latitude transient flow features were observed and as the in- terval progressed the flow reversal region and Harang dis- continuity became very well defined. Overall, this study has enabled the spatial and temporal development of many dif- ferent elements of the substorm process to be resolved and placed within a simple conceptual framework of magneto- spheric convection. Specifically, the detailed observations of ionospheric flows have illustrated the complex interplay be- tween substorm electric fields and associated auroral dynam- ics. They have helped define the distinct nature of different substorm current systems such as the traditional substorm current wedge and the more equatorward currents associ- ated with polarisation electric fields. Additionally, they have revealed a radar signature of nightside reconnection which provides the promise of quantifying nightside reconnection in a way which has already proved extremely successful in studies of the dayside magnetosphere.
DRAC: a dynamically reconfigurable active L1 cache model for hybrid prototyping of multicore embedded systems

This paper presents a novel dynamically reconfigurable active L1 cache model for hybrid prototyping, called DRAC. The hybrid prototyping technique simulates a multicore embedded system using an emulation kernel on top of a single physical instance of a core. We extend hybrid prototyping by supporting memory hierarchy modeling with DRAC. The presented cache model is a standalone cycle accurate model that is further customized for multicore emulation. DRAC run-time configurability enables the embedded system designer to simulate and explore different multicore design options without the need for full FPGA prototyping. Our experimental results show 2.78% average error and 5.06% worst case error when DRAC is used as a standalone cache model in a single core design. We also observed 100% relative accuracy and less than 13% absolute worst case error in timing estimation when DRAC is used for hybrid prototyping of multicore designs.
Diabetes , Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity : Targets and Therapy Emerging DPP-4 inhibitors : focus on linagliptin for type 2 diabetes

Correspondence: Baptist Gallwitz Department of Medicine IV, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller Strasse 10, 72976 Tübingen, Germany Tel +49 7071 298 2093 Fax +49 7071 29 5004 Email baptist.gallwitz@med.uni-tuebingen. de Abstract: The first dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes became available in 2006. Since then, the number of DPP-4 inhibitors has increased and DPP-4 inhibitors have developed into an important drug class. DPP-4 inhibitors act by increasing endogenous GLP-1 and GIP concentrations. Via this mechanism, insulin secretion is glucose-dependently stimulated and glucagon secretion inhibited. This results in a low risk for hypoglycemia. Furthermore, DPP-4 inhibitors are weight-neutral. Linagliptin is a novel DPP-4 inhibitor that, in contrast to the other members of this drug class, is eliminated by a biliary/hepatic route rather than by renal elimination. This property allows the use of linagliptin in type 2 diabetic patients with normal kidney function as well as in patients with renal insufficiency without dose adjustments. In comparative clinical studies, linagliptin was noninferior to other established antidiabetic agents, especially to metformin and sulfonylurea. It showed a superior safety profile over glimepiride regarding hypoglycemia, weight gain, a composite cardiovascular endpoint, and stroke. This review gives an overview on the efficacy and safety of linagliptin in comparison to the classical oral antidiabetic drugs as well as to the other DPP-4 inhibitors.
Noninvasive investigation of asymmetrically conjoined tripus twins with features of rachipagus, parapagus dicephalus, and cephalopagus

A hypothetical mechanism for conjoined twinning postulated by Spencer ([2003] Developmental Malformations and Clinical Implications, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, p 1–476) suggests that, after separation, monovular twins fuse in one of eight predictable homologous sites. The tripus fetal specimen under study embodies characteristics of three types therefore preventing it from classification into a simple variant of any one of the eight twin types described by Spencer. The aim of this study was to reveal internal structural anomalies of the fetal specimen by using magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography. Dorsally appended to the primary twin is a secondary head mass (brain tissue and ocular globe) and two spinal columns converging at T4/T5, suggesting rachipagus twinning. The ventral orientation of the secondary twin's (right lateral) lower limb suggests parapagus twinning. The caudal divergence of the spinal columns and the presence of a secondary hemipelvis, separate from the primary pelvis, suggest cephalopagus twinning. Measurements of the long bones indicate a gestational age of ∼20–23 weeks. Secondary malformations of the primary fetal body include anencephaly, cleft palate, renal agenesis, decreased left ventricular outflow, and a prematurely terminating descending aorta. This study demonstrates the possibility of using current imaging techniques to study very old, formalin‐preserved human material for documentation and scientific discussion without destroying the specimen, thus keeping it intact for posterity. Clin. Anat. 25:1023–1029, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.