Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cell-based Model of Hemostasis

Summary Based on our work and that of many other workers, we have developed a model of coagulation in vivo. Many workers have demonstrated mechanisms by which cells can influence the coagulation process. Nonetheless, the prevailing view of hemostasis remains that the protein coagulation factors direct and control the process with cells serving primarily to provide a phosphatidylserine containing surface on which the procoagulant complexes are assembled. By contrast, we propose a model in which coagulation is regulated by properties of cell surfaces. This model emphasizes the importance of specific cellular receptors for the coagulation proteins. Thus, cells with similar phosphatidylserine content can play very different roles in hemostasis depending on their complement of surface receptors. We propose that coagulation occurs not as a “cascade”, but in three overlapping stages: 1) initiation, which occurs on a tissue factor bearing cell; 2) amplification, in which platelets and cofactors are activated to set the stage for large scale thrombin generation; and 3) propagation, in which large amounts of thrombin are generated on the platelet surface. This cell based model explains some aspects of hemostasis that a protein-centric model does not.
Characterization of ASTER GDEM elevation data over vegetated area compared with lidar data

Current researches based on areal or spaceborne stereo images with very high resolutions (<1 m) have demonstrated that it is possible to derive vegetation height from stereo images. The second version of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model (ASTER GDEM) is the state-of-the-art global elevation data-set developed by stereo images. However, the resolution of ASTER stereo images (15 m) is much coarser than areal stereo images, and the ASTER GDEM is compiled products from stereo images acquired over 10 years. The forest disturbances as well as forest growth are inevitable in 10 years time span. In this study, the features of ASTER GDEM over vegetated areas under both flat and mountainous conditions were investigated by comparisons with lidar data. The factors possibly affecting the extraction of vegetation canopy height considered include (1) co-registration of DEMs; (2) spatial resolution of digital elevation models (DEMs); (3) spatial vegetation structure; and (4) terrain slope. The results show that the accurate coregistration between ASTER GDEM and national elevation dataset (NED) is necessary over mountainous areas. The correlation between ASTER GDEM minus NED and vegetation canopy height is improved from 0.328 to 0.43 by degrading resolutions from 1 arc-second to 5 arc-second and further improved to 0.6 if only homogenous vegetated areas were considered.
2 Experimental Design 2 . 1 Optimal Distribution Trees

This paper assesses the incorporating of candidate nodes into overlay multicast trees. Overlay networks attempt to compensate for the awkwardness and inefficiencies that can exist across the Internet for group communication. This work uses a network simulation application to assess the feasibility of overlay networks and presents the results found. Results show that there are persistent improvements using the metric of cost between the optimal KMB tree and the minimum path spanning tree and that there are significant improvements, again using the metric of cost, between n-way distribution without a centroid node and nway distribution with a centroid node of approximately twenty per cent in each instance. This is to provide an application layer active networking infrastructure for distributed virtual reality.
MONORAIL: A Disk-Friendly Index for Huge Descriptor Databases

We propose MONORAIL, an indexing scheme for very large multimedia descriptor databases. Our index is based on the Hilbert curve, which is able to map the high-dimensional space of those descriptors to a single dimension. Instead of using several curves to mitigate boundary effects, we use a single curve with several surrogate points for each descriptor. Thus, we are able to reduce the random accesses to the bare minimum. In a rigorous empirical comparison with another method based on multiple surrogates, ours shows a significant improvement, due to our careful choice of the surrogate points.
The Brain Renin-Angiotensin System in Transgenic Mice Carrying a Highly Regulated Human Renin Transgene

We previously reported the generation of 2 novel transgenic mouse models containing the human renin (hREN) gene encoded on P1 artificial chromosomes (PAC) containing large amounts of 5′-flanking DNA. These mice exhibit a very narrow tissue-specific expression profile and exhibit tightly regulated expression in kidney in response to physiological cues. In brain, transcription of hREN occurs from an alternative upstream promoter, causing translation to initiate within exon-II and potentially generating an intracellular form of active renin. Double transgenic mice containing a PAC transgene and the human angiotensinogen (hAGT) gene (P+/A+) are moderately hypertensive. We tested whether increased RAS activity in the brain contributes to the mechanism of hypertension in P+/A+ double transgenic mice. Expression of hREN mRNA in brain was confirmed in 4 independent PAC transgenic lines and utilization of the alternative transcription start site in brain was confirmed in each line. Human REN immunostaining was observed in the dorsal cochlear nucleus, hypothalamus, and cortex. P+/A+ mice exhibited a greater fall in mean arterial pressure after intracerebroventricular injection of losartan than controls. P+/A+ mice exhibited a greater drop in arterial pressure after intravenous injection of a vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist, and an equivalent drop in arterial pressure after intravenous injection of a ganglion blocker compared with controls. These results support the hypothesis that renin is endogenously expressed in the brain and suggest that increased brain RAS activity may contribute to the maintenance of moderate hypertension in P+/A+ transgenic mice at least in part by a vasopressin-dependent mechanism.
The Drinker’s Effect on the Social Environment: A Conceptual Framework for Studying Alcohol’s Harm to Others

The paper considers conceptual and methodological issues in studying the scope of alcohol’s harm to others. Reasons are suggested for the relative neglect of the topic. The approaches in two relevant research traditions are considered: population surveys on alcohol problems, and economic cost of alcohol studies. Ways of conceptualizing and measuring aspects of the drinker’s effects on others are considered, in terms of main types of relationship with the other, and in terms of major societal response institutions. The main types of data tend to measure different levels of severity, with population survey data dominated by less severe problems, and response institution data by more severe problems; so both are needed for a three-dimensional view. Research questions for the field and its policy significance are noted.
A New Pattern Search Method for Detecting and Forecasting Portfolio Risk Using Local Alignment Technique

Abstract: It is very important to minimize the risk in portfolio selection. For minimizing risk of portfolio at a given expected returns, it is efficient to compose portfolio with stocks which have low cross-correlation among them. In this regard, forecasting the cross-correlations among stock prices has attracted much interest among investors and financial market researchers. Most of studies investigating crosscorrelations among stock prices assume that the cross-correlations are static. But the cross-correlations in real stock markets are changing over time. Thus the dynamic clustering property and ensemble average can provide very useful methodology to calculate the time-dependent cross-correlations. In this paper, we investigated the dynamics of cross-correlations among stock prices using local alignment technique. Local alignment technique of bioinformatics can be applied to analyzing stock market and detect similar patterns in the fluctuation of stock prices during a certain time period. This information can be utilized in analyzing and forecasting the timedependent cross-correlations. This paper applied local alignment technique to the time series data of Korean stock market and found that an investor can forecast the risk of his asset portfolio and manage it optimally.
A novel strontium-loaded silk fibroin nanofibrous membrane for guided bone regeneration : in vitro and in vivo studies

The silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous membrane is a good candidate for clinical application in bone and periodontal regenerative therapy. Strontium (Sr), as a natural element in human bone, can hinder osteoclast activity and promote bone formation. This study aims to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the feasibility of strontium-loaded silk fibroin nanofibrous membrane (Sr-SFM) for guided bone regeneration (GBR). The Sr-SFM was fabricated by electrospinning, and the structure characteristics and strontium ion release pattern were analyzed. To examine the biocompatibility of Sr-SFM, we investigated cell morphology, proliferation and differentiation. The GBR efficacy of Sr-SFM was evaluated in rat calvarial defects. The Sr-SFM exhibited uniform nanofibrous structure and a sustained release of strontium over a 14-day period. In vitro tests, the cell numbers and ALP activities of rBMSCs cultured in Sr-SFMs were significantly higher than that in pure SFM. In vivo test at 6 weeks, both micro-CT and histological analyses showed that the Sr-SFM group got significantly greater bone formation than pure SFM or uncovered groups. In conclusion, the Sr-SFMs developed in this study showed long-term release of Sr2+, improved cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in vitro, and increased new bone formation in vivo, strongly suggesting their potential application towards GBR.
Improving Engineering Design with Fuzzy Sets

The Method of Imprecision (M oI) is a formal method, utilizing the mathematics of fuzzy sets, for incorporating the natural level of imprecision that occurs throughout the engineering design process. This paper presents the details of the Level Interval Algorithm (LIA) used internally by the MoI, and its extensions to permit application to engineering design problems in industry where monotonicity cannot be guaranteed, only discrete values may be available for some variables (and hence continuity must be relaxed), and engineering analyses are expensive and must be minimized. Computation problems that reach beyond the scope of the LIA, such as singularities, etc., are also examined, showing that the LIA behaves no worse than conventional calculations in the presence of these difficulties.
Interaction between States and Citizens in the Age of the Internet: “e-Government” in the United States, Britain, and the European Union

We examine the origins of the recent shift towards “e-government” in three cases: the United States, Britain, and the European Union. We set out three heuristic models of interaction between states and citizens that might underpin the practice of “e-government. ” Focusing on U.S., British, and European Union initiatives, we undertake a comparative analysis of the evolution of key policy statements on e-government reform in national (and supranational) government. We conclude that the democratic potential of the Internet has been marginalized as a result of the ways in which government use of such technology has been framed since the early 1990s. An executive-driven, “managerial” model of interaction has assumed dominance at the expense of “consultative” and “participatory” possibilities.
Rate-Gyro-Integral Constraint for Ambiguity Resolution in GNSS Attitude Determination Applications

In the field of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) attitude determination, the constraints usually play a critical role in resolving the unknown ambiguities quickly and correctly. Many constraints such as the baseline length, the geometry of multi-baselines and the horizontal attitude angles have been used extensively to improve the performance of ambiguity resolution. In the GNSS/Inertial Navigation System (INS) integrated attitude determination systems using low grade Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), the initial heading parameters of the vehicle are usually worked out by the GNSS subsystem instead of by the IMU sensors independently. However, when a rotation occurs, the angle at which vehicle has turned within a short time span can be measured accurately by the IMU. This measurement will be treated as a constraint, namely the rate-gyro-integral constraint, which can aid the GNSS ambiguity resolution. We will use this constraint to filter the candidates in the ambiguity search stage. The ambiguity search space shrinks significantly with this constraint imposed during the rotation, thus it is helpful to speeding up the initialization of attitude parameters under dynamic circumstances. This paper will only study the applications of this new constraint to land vehicles. The impacts of measurement errors on the effect of this new constraint will be assessed for different grades of IMU and current average precision level of GNSS receivers. Simulations and experiments in urban areas have demonstrated the validity and efficacy of the new constraint in aiding GNSS attitude determinations.
Simultaneous multi-wavelength observations of GRS 1915+105 ?

We present the result of multi-wavelength observations of the microquasar GRS 1915+105 in a plateau state with a luminosity of ${\sim}7.5\times10^{38}$ erg s -1 (~40% $L_\mathrm{Edd}$), conducted simultaneously with the INTEGRAL and RXTE satellites, the ESO/NTT, the Ryle Telescope, the NRAO VLA and VLBA, in 2003 April 2–3. For the first time were observed concurrently in GRS 1915+105 all of the following properties: a strong steady optically thick radio emission corresponding to a powerful compact jet resolved with the VLBA, bright near-IR emission, a strong QPO at 2.5 Hz in the X-rays and a power law dominated spectrum without any cutoff in the 3–400 keV range.
Is Retiree Demand for Life Annuities Rational? Evidence from Public Employees

Oregon Public Employees Retirement System (PERS) retirees must choose between receiving all of their retirement benefits as life annuity payments or receiving lower life annuity payments and an immediate lump sum payout. For the median retiree, the expected present value of the incremental life annuity payments is 1.5 times the value of the lump sum payout, and demand for lump sum payouts is low. This pattern is consistent with value-maximizing decisions by retirees. However, when we exploit variation in the value of the incremental life annuity payments, we find robust evidence that demand for lump sum payouts is higher when the forgone life annuity payments are more valuable. We also find that demand for lump sum payouts is higher when the income level of life annuity payments associated with the lump sum payout is higher, the lump sum payout is large, or equity market returns over the prior 12 months are higher. These findings suggest that retirees value incremental life annuity payments at less than their expected present value, either because they do not know how to accurately value life annuities or because they have strong demand for (large) lump sum payouts. This behavior is consistent with the low demand for the much-less-generous life annuities available in the private market.
Identification of human TERT elements necessary for telomerase recruitment to telomeres

Human chromosomes terminate in telomeres, repetitive DNA sequences bound by the shelterin complex. Shelterin protects chromosome ends, prevents recognition by the DNA damage machinery, and recruits telomerase. A patch of amino acids, termed the TEL-patch, on the OB-fold domain of the shelterin component TPP1 is essential to recruit telomerase to telomeres. In contrast, the site on telomerase that interacts with the TPP1 OB-fold is not well defined. In this study, we identify separation-of-function mutations in the TEN-domain of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) that disrupt the interaction of telomerase with TPP1 in vivo and in vitro but have very little effect on the catalytic activity of telomerase. Suppression of a TEN-domain mutation with a compensatory charge-swap mutation in the TEL-patch indicates that their association is direct. Our findings define the interaction interface required for telomerase recruitment to telomeres, an important step towards developing modulators of this interaction as therapeutics for human disease. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.03563. 001
A Proposal for a Selection Criterion in a Class of Dynamic Rational Expectations Models with Multiple Equilibria

The paper argues that multiple equilibria-whether non-stationary or stationary- are a generic property of dynamic rational expectations models. In light of this, this paper proposes a selection criterion for choosing between these multiple equilibria in an important class of dynamic rational expectations models. The criterion is based on the idea that agents can be assumed to coordinate their beliefs around the limit of a finite-horizon equilibrium. For three examples examined, all of which can have multiple stationary, i.e., non-explosive, rational expectations equilibria, there is, among the multiple equilibria of an infinite-horizon model, only one that is the limit of a finite-horizon model.
Reframing global governance: Apocalypse soon or reform!

The paradox of our times The paradox of our times can be stated simply: the collective issues we must grapple with are of growing extensity and intensity and, yet, the means for addressing these are weak and incomplete. Three pressing global issues highlight the urgency of finding a way forward. First, little, if any, progress has been made in creating a sustainable framework for the management of global warming. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the global atmosphere is now almost 35 per cent higher than in pre-industrial times. 1 The chief British scientist, Sir David King, has recently warned that ‘climate change is the most serious problem we are facing today, more serious than the threat of terrorism’. 2 Irrespective of whether one agrees with this statement, global warming has the capacity to wreak havoc on the world’s diverse species, biosystems and socioeconomic fabric. Violent storms will become more frequent, water access will become a battleground, rising sea levels will displace millions, the mass movement of desperate people will become more common, and deaths from serious diseases in the world’s poorest countries will rise rapidly (largely because bacteria will spread more quickly, causing greater contamination of food and water). The overwhelming body of scientific opinion now maintains that global warming constitutes a serious threat not in the long term, but in the here and now. The failure of the international community to generate a sound framework for managing global warming is one of the most serious indications of the problems facing the multilateral order.
Density-functional study of Fe3Al: LSDA versus GGA

The local-spin-density approximation and the generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) are used to perform density-functional total-energy calculations at zero temperature for Fe 3 Al in the ordered D0 3 and L1 2 structures. Our calculations show that commonly used GGA functionals fail to predict the experimentally stable D0 3 structure as the one with the lower total energy. This qualitative discrepancy with experiment is attributed to an overestimation of the magnetic energy in GGA. The calculations were carried out using the mixed-basis pseudopotential (MBPP) method in the frozen-core approximation and the full-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) method, both with and without spin polarization. Although there are small differences in the magnitudes of the magnetic moments and the magnetic energies obtained with MBPP and FLAPW, both methods yield the same qualitative result.
Fusion Tracking Algorithm of Mean-shift and Particle Filter Based on EMD

Real-time and accuracy are key indicators of object tracking. Traditional particle filter tracking requires calculating a large number of particles, which influences its real-time performance, Mean-shift is a non-parametric kernel density iterative algorithm, which is easily prone to local optimum and converges on non-real target. This paper proposes a new fusion tracking algorithm. It firstly extracts HOG features from the target, calculates the similarity between the target and candidates, and constructs the likelihood function. For different environments, it uses particle filter or Mean-shift algorithm. Experiments show that, it can still ensure real-time and accuracy even in the complex environment.
Adenosine-mediated autoregulation of retinal arteriolar tone in the piglet.

PURPOSE To determine if the purine vasodilator adenosine participates in mediating autoregulatory dilations of the retinal microcirculation in vivo. METHODS The retinal microcirculation of isoflurane-anesthetized newborn pigs was observed by videomicroscopy (x310). Systemic hypoxia (PaO2 = 24 +/- 1 mm Hg; n = 8) or hemorrhagic hypotension (MABP = 41 +/- 1 mm Hg; n = 5) was induced, and the effect of intravitreal microsuffusion of 0.4 nmol of the adenosine receptor antagonist 8-sulfophenyltheophylline (8SPT) on retinal arteriolar dilations resulting from these stimuli were measured. The effect of potentiation of endogenous interstitial adenosine concentrations with 0.2 nmol 4-nitrobenzyl-6-thioinosine (NBTI) on the response to hypotension (MABP = 43 +/- 2 mm Hg; n = 4) was also determined. RESULTS The significant vasodilatative response of the retinal arterioles to systemic hypoxia (36 +/- 8% increase in diameter above baseline; P = 0.0012) was attenuated 55% (P < 0.0001) by the adenosine antagonist 8SPT. Similarly, the significant arteriolar vasodilation induced by systemic hypotension (29 +/- 3% increase in diameter; P < 0.0001) was inhibited 76% by 8SPT (P = 0.0002). When adenosine reuptake was inhibited with NBTI, the arteriolar dilation induced by hypotension (32 +/- 5% increase in diameter; P = 0.0234) was potentiated 100% (P = 0.0117). CONCLUSIONS Our finding that inhibition or potentiation of endogenous adenosine action uniquely affected retinal arteriolar dilatative responses to hypoxia and hypotension suggests that adenosine is a key participant in mediating autoregulatory adjustments in retinal blood flow in the eye of the newborn.