Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Presentation Order Aaects Human Object Recognition Learning Guy Wallis Was Supported with a Research Fellowship from the Max-planck Gesellschaft Introduction

The view based approach to object recognition relies upon the co-activation of 2-D pictorial elements or features. This approach is limited to generalising recognition across transformations of objects in which considerable physical similarity is present in the stored 2-D images to which the object is being compared. It is, therefore, unclear how completely novel views of objects might correctly be assigned to known views of an object so as to allow correct recognition from any viewpoint. The answer to this problem may lie in the fact that in the real world we are presented with a further cue as to how we should associate these images, namely that we tend to view objects over extended periods of time. In this paper, neural network and human psychophysics data on face recognition are presented which support the notion that recognition learning can be a ected by the order in which images appear, as well as their spatial similarity. Guy Wallis was supported with a research fellowship from the Max-Planck Gesellschaft This document is available as /pub/mpi-memos/TR-36.ps via anonymous ftp from ftp.mpik-tueb.mpg. de or from the World Wide Web, http://www.mpik-tueb.mpg. de/projects/TechReport/list.html.
Characterization of Closed Head Impact Injury in Rat

The closed head impact (CHI) rat models are commonly used for studying the traumatic brain injury. The impact parameters vary considerably among different laboratories, making the comparison of research findings difficult. In this work, numerical CHI experiments were conducted to investigate the sensitivities of intracranial responses to various impact parameters (e.g., impact depth, velocity, and position; impactor diameter, material, and shape). A three-dimensional finite element rat head model with anatomical details was subjected to impact loadings. Results revealed that impact depth and impactor shape were the two leading factors affecting intracranial responses. The influence of impactor diameter was region-specific and an increase in impactor diameter could substantially increase tissue strains in the region which located directly beneath the impactor. The lateral impact could induce higher strains in the brain than the central impact. An indentation depth instead of impact depth would be appropriate to characterize the influence of a large deformed rubber impactor. The experimentally observed velocity-dependent injury severity could be attributed to the “overshoot” phenomenon. This work could be used to better design or compare CHI experiments.
Strategic Politicians and Unresponsive Voters

To resolve the paradoxical finding that economic conditions and presidential popularity powerfully relate to quadrennial movement in the House vote, but explain little individual voting variation, Jacobson and Kernell have advanced their “strategic politicians” model of midterm elections. Purportedly, the early-year political environment helps determine how many of a party's strong potential contenders risk challenging incumbents; voters in turn respond to the quality of candidates before them in November, and thus indirectly reward the party favored by this early-year environment. Despite its current prominence, however, the theory does not stand up to empirical investigation. A time-series equation of midterm outcomes regressed on early-year national conditions does not fare particularly well when contrasted with comparable equations assuming direct-effects voting. Furthermore, challenger quality has only a weak influence on individual voters—subordinate, in fact, to the effects of economic attitudes and presidential evaluations.
Do Patients Understand Their Physician's Level of Training? A Survey of Emergency Department Patients

Purpose To assess patients’ understanding of levels of training and responsibilities for residents, medical students, and attendings in the emergency department as well as their degree of comfort in being cared for by a physician-in-training. Method In 1999, a questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of 430 adult patients and family members in a university emergency department. The questionnaire asked for demographic information and contained 17 questions addressing the different levels of medical training and seven opinion-based questions on patients’ willingness to have physicians-in-training care for them. Results Respondents answered 65% of the knowledge-based questions about physicians’ training correctly. Only 43% understood that residents are always supervised when caring for patients, and 30% thought attendings required supervision by a resident. Respondents with education greater than a high school diploma answered more questions correctly (71% versus 59%; p < .05). A total of 80% felt it was very important to know their physician's level of training, but only 58% reported actually knowing the level of training. Only 62% felt comfortable knowing that their physician might be a supervised physician-in-training. In addition, despite the fact that this survey took place at a teaching hospital, 22% of respondents prefer not to be treated in a teaching hospital. Conclusions Patients and their families do not fully understand the roles and responsibilities of the physicians-in-training that may be caring for them despite feeling it is important to know their physicians’ level of training.
The Relationship between Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Osteoarthritis of the Knee

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are a common injury, particularly in the athletic and youth populations. The known association between ACL injury and subsequent osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee merits a more in-depth understanding of the relationship between the ACL-injured knee and osteoarthritis. ACL injury, especially with concomitant meniscal or other ligamentous pathology, predisposes the knee to an increased risk of osteoarthritis. ACL insufficiency results in deterioration of the normal physiologic knee bending culminating in increased anterior tibial translation and increased internal tibial rotation. This leads to increased mean contact stresses in the posterior medial and lateral compartments under anterior and rotational loading. However, surgical reconstruction of the ACL has not been shown to reduce the risk of future OA development back to baseline and has variability based on operative factors of graft choice, timing of surgery, presence of meniscal and chondral abnormalities, and surgical technique. Known strategies to prevent OA development are applicable to patients with ACL deficiency or after ACL reconstruction and include weight management, avoidance of excessive musculoskeletal loading, and strength training. Reconstruction of the ACL does not necessarily prevent osteoarthritis in many of these patients and may depend on several external variables.
Building a semantic recommendation engine for news feeds based on emerging topics from tweets

The rise of social networks powered by the emergence of Web 2.0 unleashed a massive amount of generated user content. Concurrently with technology enhancements that facilitated its widespread, Web 2.0 became the engine which hastened the appearance of worldwide mass communication techniques. Alongside its advent, textual analysis changed as new user-centered content failed to comply with traditional grammar ruling. In this paper, we approach the problem of topic extraction from Twitter in the context of designing a recommendation engine to best matching user profiles to news feed articles. We propose a strategy to extract the concepts by means of Natural Language Processing and use of the semantic cohesion measurements to leverage the matching process. In order to prove the adequacy of our method, we have conducted a medium-scale evaluation. Our results demonstrate the particularities of the Twitter textual corpora, as well as how it can be used to infer geo-locations for its users.
Differentiation, extracellular matrix synthesis, and integrin assembly by Drosophila embryo cells cultured on vitronectin and laminin substrates

Two contrasting substrates, Drosophila laminin and human vitronectin, caused determined primary Drosophila embryo cells to follow alternate intermediate differentiation steps without affecting the final outcome of differentiation. Integrin αPS2βPS3 was essential for the initial spreading of myocytes on vitronectin: focal contacts rich in βPS3 integrins formed and were connected by actin‐ and myosin‐containing stress fibers. While αPS2βPS3 was unnecessary for myotube formation on laminin, it was required for the subsequent change to a sarcomeric cytoarchitecture. The differentiating primary cultures synthesized integrins and assembled them into detergent‐insoluble, cytoskeleton‐associated complexes. Collagen IV, laminin, glutactin, papilin, and other other extracellular matrix proteins were made primarily by hemocytes and were secreted into the medium. Further differentiation within the cultures was influenced by secreted components and by later addition of vitronectin or bovine serum. Comparison of the differentiation of various cell types on the two substrates showed that vitronectin provided a selective advantage for the differentiation of myocytes, with enrichment over epithelia, epidermal cells, and neurites. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A fast computerized method for automatic simplification of boolean functions

This paper introduces a new fast systematic method for minimization of the Boolean functions. This method is a very simple because there is no need for any visual representation such as Karnough map or arrangement technique such as Tabulation method and is very easy for programming. Furthermore, it is very suitable for boolean function with large number of variables (more than 4 variable). In adition, it is very simple for student's understanding. Moreover, the work presented in [23] is developed. In order to accelerate the operation of the proposed method, a new approach for fast term detection is presented. Such approach uses fast neural networks (FNNs) implemented in the frequency domain. The operation of these networks relies on performing cross correlation in the frequency domain rather than spatial one. It is proved mathematically and practically that the number of computation steps required for the presented FNNs is less than that needed by conventional neural networks (CNNs). Simulation results using MATLAB confirm the theoretical computations. Keywords— Boolean Functions, Simplification, FNNs, CNNs, Cross Correlation, Frequency Domain .
Physiological characterisation of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Despite its widespread use, a striking lack of knowledge exists regarding the mechanism of action of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). This thesis describes the physiological characterisation of repetitive TMS (rTMS) to the motor system by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A detailed analysis of imaging artefacts arising from the simultaneous application of TMS-fMRI was conducted and subsequently, strategies were presented for unperturbed TMS-fMRI. Physiological responses during subthreshold high-frequency rTMS of the primary sensorimotor cortex (Ml/Sl) were visualised within distinct cortical motor regions, comprising PMd, SMA, and contralateral Ml/Sl, while no significant responses were evidenced in the area of stimulation. Repetitive TMS during or before motor behaviour illustrated the context- dependence of rTMS-induced activity changes. The first demonstration of TMS-fMRI at 3 Tesla provided evidence that subthreshold rTMS can activate distinct networks including subcortical motor regions. The subthreshold nature of rTMS was confirmed by simultaneous electromyographic recordings from the target muscle. Stimulation of the dorsal premotor cortex provided evidence that rTMS- evoked local activity changes depend on the input function. The capability of TMS to target distinct networks in the human brain was confirmed. TMS targets a set of cortical and subcortical structures. Local responses may not invariably be elicited, indicating that low levels of synaptic activity, as occurring at low-intensity stimulation, do not necessarily evoke corresponding changes in cortical haemodynamics. It is concluded that combined TMS-fMRI offers a means to assess the mechanism of action of TMS at high spatial and temporal resolution.
Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activities of Some Triazolothiadiazole Derivatives

The present study describes the synthesis and anticonvulsant activity evaluation of 6‐substituted‐[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives (4a–4x) and their partially dehydrogenated products 5,6‐dihydro‐6‐substituted‐[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives (5a–5n). The bioevaluation demonstrated that most compounds in the series of 4a–4x exhibited potent anticonvulsant activity in the maximal electroshock test. Among which, 6‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazole (4h) emerged as the most promising candidate on the basis of its favorable ED50 value of 23.7 mg/kg and PI value of 10.8. In addition, the potency of compound 4h against seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole, 3‐mercaptopropionic acid, and bicuculline in the chemical‐induced seizure tests suggested that compound 4h displayed broad‐spectrum activity in several models, and it may exert its anticonvulsant activity through affecting the GABAergic system.
Language Bindings to XML

By preserving application semantics, XML bindings improve program specification, verification, and optimization. We compare two standard binding solutions - namely, the Simple API for XML (SAX) and the Document Object Model (DOM) API - and two novel approaches: Sun's JAXB architecture and our Strathclyde Novel Architecture for Querying XML (SNAQue).
Exploring the Effects of Spousal Race on the Self-rated Health of Intermarried Adults

Marital health advantages and the increase of interracial marriage (intermarriage) are well documented, but few studies investigate the health of intermarried people. We address this issue using aggregated data from the 2000–2013 Current Population Survey (CPS) and find that people with racial/ethnic minority spouses report lower self-rated health than those married to whites. Spousal race significantly moderated the association between respondent’s race and self-rated health such that minorities in same-race marriages had lower odds of reporting better health than those intermarried to whites. However, we found no differences in self-rated health among minorities intermarried to other minorities. There was also limited evidence that gender and socioeconomic status (SES) moderated the interaction between respondent’s race and spousal race. Our findings highlight the effects of marriage on the self-rated health of respondents and their spouse as well as the importance of examining differences in couple’s racial composition when investigating racial disparities in spousal health.
IBM Research Report Solving Sparse Semi-Random Instances of Max Cut and Max CSP in Linear Expected Time

We show that a maximum cut of a random graph below the giantcomponent threshold can be found in linear space and linear expected time by a simple algorithm. In fact, the algorithm solves a more general class of problems, namely binary 2-variable-constraint satisfaction problems, or Max 2-CSPs. In addition to Max Cut, Max 2-CSPs encompass Max Dicut, Max 2-Lin, Max 2-Sat, Max-Ones-2-Sat, maximum independent set, and minimum vertex cover. We show that if a Max 2-CSP instance has an “underlying” graph which is a random graph G(n, c/n), then the instance is solved in expected linear time if c ≤ 1. Moreover, for arbitrary values (or functions) c > 1 an instance is solved in expected time n exp(O(1 + (c − 1)3/n)); in the “scaling window” c = 1 + λn−1/3 with λ fixed, this expected time remains linear. Our method is to show, first, that if a Max 2-CSP has a connected underlying graph with n vertices and m edges, then nO(2(m−n)/2) is a deterministic upper bound on the solution time. Then, analyzing the tails of the distribution of this quantity for a component of a random graph yields our result. Towards this end we derive some useful properties of binomial distributions and simple random walks.
The Potency of ‘READS’ to Inform Students’ Reading Ability

This paper shares an initiative conducted in Malaysia in terms of knowledge to gauge students’ Reading Age and to inform teachers of their students’ reading progress and learning. Ensuring teachers understand the needs of students’ reading ability and preparing students to read and comprehend texts are the two most fundamental parallel tasks in today’s classroom setting. Consequently, determining students’ Reading Age has become an important endeavour in recent years by many education authorities throughout the world. This study aims at incorporating the Reading Evaluation and Decoding System (READS), to ascertain students’ Reading Age and comprehension skills at macro and micro levels. This study employed a stratified sample of high school students who were in Secondary 1 through Secondary 5. Data was gathered through a generic standardized reading comprehension developed test. With a precise Reading Matrix, ESL teachers can appraise their students’ reading ability at any level by referring to the Performance Standards to distinguish whether their students are at Meet Reading Age, Below Reading Age or Above Reading Age status. Subsequently, teachers can refer to the Descriptors of Students’ Reading Abilities to find out what the students have achieved so far and what the struggling readers lacked. Accordingly, ESL teachers will be well informed of their students reading ability and accordingly can focus on reading skills development of their students. The ripple effects of READS may enhance students’ reading ability as teachers are now better informed of their students’ reading abilities and thus teachers will be able to prepare reading lessons appropriately according to their students’ reading needs.
An Exploratory Study of Macro Co-changes

The literature describes several approaches to identify the artefacts of programs that change together to reveal the (hidden) dependencies among these artefacts. These approaches analyse historical data, mined from version control systems, and report co-changing artefacts, which hint at the causes, consequences, and actors of the changes. We introduce the novel concepts of macro co-changes (MCC), i.e., of artefacts that co-change within a large time interval, and of dephase macro co-changes (DMCC), i.e., macro co-changes that always happen with the same shifts in time. We describe typical scenarios of MCC and DMCC and we use the Hamming distance to detect approximate occurrences of MCC and DMCC. We present our approach, Macocha, to identify these concepts in large programs. We apply Macocha and compare it in terms of precision and recall with UML Diff (file stability) and association rules (co-changing files) on four systems: Argo UML, Free BSD, SIP, and XalanC. We also use external information to validate the (approximate) MCC and DMCC found by Macocha. We thus answer two research questions showing the existence and usefulness of theses concepts and explaining scenarios of hidden dependencies among artefacts.
Trends in job quality : evidence from French and British linked employer-employee data

La contribution de cette these est d’examiner l’evolution de la qualite de l’emploi du point de vue de l’etablissement. Elle s’appuie sur des donnees couplees employeurs - salaries issues des enquetes comparables Workplace Employment Relations Survey (WERS 2004 et 2011) pour le cas de la Grande-Bretagne et Relations Professionnelles et Negociations d’Entreprise (REPONSE 2005 et 2011) pour la France. Cette these contient trois chapitres et enrichit trois grands axes de la litterature existante. Le premier chapitre explore l’impact des pratiques d’ajustement au niveau de l’etablissement sur la qualite de l’emploi en France pendant la crise. Le deuxieme chapitre analyse le role du regime institutionnel en France et en Grande-Bretagne afin d’expliquer la variation de la qualite de l’emploi entre les deux pays. Finalement, le troisieme chapitre examine les strategies adoptees par les salaries pour composer avec leur salaire et leurs conditions de travail.
Molecular Dynamics: from basic techniques to applications (A Molecular Dynamics Primer)

It is now 50 years since the first papers describing the use of Molecular Dynamics (MD) were published by Alder and Wainright, and since then, together with Monte Carlo (MC) techniques, MD has become an essential tool in the theoretical study of materials properties at finite temperatures. In its early days, MD was used in combination with simple yet general models, such as hard spheres or Lennard‐Jones models of liquids, systems which, though simple, were nevertheless not amenable to an analytical statistical mechanical treatment. Nowadays, however, MD is most frequently used in combination with rather sophisticated models, ranging all the way between empirical force fields to first‐principles methods, with the aim of describing as accurately as possible any given material. From a computational aid in statistical mechanics and many‐body physics, MD has evolved to become a widely used tool in physical chemistry, condensed matter physics, biology, geology and materials science. The aim of this course is to.
Armed Conflicts in Online News: A Multilingual Study

Wars and conflicts have constituted major events throughout history. Despite their importance, the general public typically learns about such events only indirectly, through the lens of news media, which necessarily select and distort events before relaying them to readers. Quantifying these processes is important, as they are fundamental to how we see the world, but the task is difficult, as it requires working with large and representative datasets of unstructured news text in many languages. To address these issues, we propose a set of unsupervised methods for compiling and analyzing a multilingual corpus of millions of online news documents about armed conflicts. We then apply our methods to answer a number of research questions: First, how widely are armed conflicts covered by online news media in various languages, and how does this change as conflicts progress? Second, what role does the level of violence of a conflict play? And third, how well informed is a reader when following a limited number of online news sources? We find that coverage levels are different across conflicts, but similar across languages for a given conflict; that Middle Eastern conflicts receive more attention than African conflicts, even when controlling for the level of violence; and that for most languages and conflicts, following very few sources is enough to stay continuously informed. Finally, given the prominence of conflicts in the Middle East, we further analyze them in a detailed case study.