Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Invigorating spleen, replenishing qi and tonifying kidney method treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for myasthenia gravis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease related to the production of autoantibodies. It is mediated by antibodies against acetylcholine receptor (AChR), muscle specific kinase (MuSK) or other AChR related proteins in the postsynaptic muscle membrane, which interfere with the transmission of signals at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in clinical symptoms of skeletal muscle weakness and fatigue, leading to the occurrence and development of MG. At present, the incidence rate of Mg is increasing year by year. At present, the method of invigorating spleen, replenishing qi and tonifying kidney in traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used in the clinical treatment of MG, and the effect is good. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of the method of invigorating the spleen, supplementing qi and tonifying the kidney in the treatment of MG. Methods: We will search from the following eight databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, Sinomed, Wanfang, and Vip. All randomized controlled trial (RCT) literature has been searched and classified since the establishment of the database to date. In this study, two researchers independently screened and evaluated the quality of the retrieved literature. Cochrane risk bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias. The meta-analysis uses RevMan 5.3 software provided by Cochrane Collaboration Network for meta analysis. Results: This study compared the main outcome indicators: clinical response rate, recurrence rate, incidence of adverse reactions, quantitative myasthenia gravis score (QMG). Secondary outcomes were clinical absolute score, quality of life score (QOL), levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-10, and serum acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR-Ab) levels. Conclusion: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the method of invigorating the spleen, supplementing qi and tonifying the kidney in treating MG, and to provide evidence based medicine.
Nonlinear equilibrium solutions in a three-dimensional boundary layer and their secondary instability

The observed nonlinear saturation of crossflow vortices in the DLR swept-plate transition experiment, followed by the onset of high-frequency signals, motivated us to compute nonlinear equilibrium solutions for this flow and investigate their instability to high-frequency disturbances. The equilibrium solutions are independent of receptivity, i.e. the way crossflow vortices are generated, and thus provide a unique characterization of the nonlinear flow prior to turbulence. Comparisons of these equilibrium solutions with experimental measurements exhibit strong similarities. Additional comparisons with results from the nonlinear parabolized stability equations (PSE) and spatial direct numerical simulations (DNS) reveal that the equilibrium solutions become unstable to steady, spatial oscillations with very long wavelengths following a bifurcation close to the leading edge. Such spatially oscillating solutions have been observed also in critical layer theory computations. The nature of the spatial behaviour is herein clarified and shown to be analogous to that encountered in temporal direct numerical simulations. We then employ Floquet theory to systematically study the dependence of the secondary, high-frequency instabilities on the saturation amplitude of the equilibrium solutions. With increasing amplitude, the most amplified instability mode can be clearly traced to spanwise inflectional shear layers that occur in the wake-like portions of the equilibrium solutions (Malik et al. 1994 call it ‘mode I’ instability). Both the frequency range and the eigenfunctions resemble recent experimental measurements of Kawakami et al. (1999). However, the lack of an explosive growth leads us to believe that additional self-sustaining processes are active at transition, including the possibility of an absolute instability of the high-frequency disturbances.
On Dynamical Stability in General Dynamical Systems

This paper is concerned with dynamical stability of general dynamical systems. We discuss invariance properties of some limit sets, investigate connections between various notions and definitions related to stability and attraction properties, and establish existence results for invariant uniform attractors. We also give a characterization of asymptotic stability of general dynamical systems via uniformly unbounded Lyapunov functions.
To what extent is coherence lost in tissue?

In a series of experiments we investigated the extent to which coherence is preserved in tissue. We investigated whether the decrease in coherence length is dependent upon the coherence length of the illuminating light and possibly also if the light is polarized. We compared highly coherent light from a HeNe laser, and less coherent light from a semiconductor laser, in scattering media such as raw ground beef. We studied the laser speckle contrast after passing through 1 - 2 cm of meat. The conclusion is that the laser light is still coherent enough to form laser speckles after passing through a 2 cm thickness of meat.
Discrete states of redshift and galaxy dynamics. I. Internal motions in single galaxies.

This is the first of a series of papers developing the concept that the redshift can occur only in specific discrete values. The key to the development is a dual redshift model for individual galaxies. Well-known local galaxies, especially M31 in great detail, are shown to consist of two basic opposed streams of outflowing material which have an intrinsic difference of redshift of 70-75 km s/sup -1/. A smooth symmetrical rotation and expansion curve coupled with the multiple redshift model is sufficient to account for all the redshift data. The paper is almost entirely empirical and draws upon large amounts of the best available on galaxies. Where definite differences exist in the form of the data as predicted by conventional dynamics and the discrete redshift concept, the data favor the latter. (AIP)
Reliability of orbital fits for resonant extrasolar planetary systems: the case of HD82943

We perform a statistical study of the process of orbital determination of the HD82943 extrasolar planetary system, using the current observational data set of N = 165 radial velocity (RV) measurements. Our aim is to analyse the dispersion of possible orbital fits leading to residuals compatible with the best solution, and to discuss the sensitivity of the results with respect to both the data set and the error distribution around the best fit. Although some orbital parameters (e.g. semimajor axis) appear well constrained, we show that the best fits for the HD82943 system are not robust, and at present it is not possible to estimate reliable solutions for these bodies. Finally, we discuss the possibility of a third planet, with a mass of 0.35MJup and an orbital period of 900 d. Stability analysis and simulations of planetary migration indicate that such a hypothetical three-planet system could be locked in a double 2/1 mean-motion resonance, similar to the so-called Laplace resonance of the three inner Galilean satellites of Jupiter.
47.3: Suppression of Color Breakup in Color‐Sequential Multi‐Primary Projection Displays

Field sequential projection displays exhibit a phenomenon of color breakup (Rainbow effect). This is considered to be a disturbing artifact with negative marketing impact. We describe the results of a psychophysical experiment comparing the visibility of the phenomenon in RGB and multi‐primary displays. Surprisingly, it is found that color breakup in color sequential projection displays with five primaries is equally (for 75 Hz) or less (for 105 Hz) visible than in similar displays with three primaries (at 180 Hz), despite the lower refresh rates.
Helical light pulses

Exact solutions of Maxwell's equations for three-dimensionally localized helical pulses are given. These TE (transverse electric) pulses have e ± i azimuthal dependence. Their energy, momentum and angular momentum are evaluated analytically. For e+i azimuthal dependence the angular momentum is negative, despite the fact that the pulse energy density has a right-handed helical structure.
Wavelet transform for corner detection

A novel wavelet based corner detecting algorithm is proposed. Some intrinsic indicators implied in corners are extracted by utilizing the wavelet transform. Since these indicators are independent of the corner angle and corner curvature, they can be used to detect corners. In addition, several properties of corners in the multiscale wavelet transform are introduced. By applying these indicators and properties, corners can be detected correctly and efficiently. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves better accuracy than the conventional single-scale corner detectors. On the other hand, the algorithm is more computationally efficient and easier to implement than other multiscale corner detectors. <<ETX>>
One-dimensional processor arrays for linear algebraic problems

Using isomorphic embedding of the original dependence graphs in another graph before its space-time mapping onto array architectures, two linear processor arrays are designed for the Gauss-Jordan algorithm with partial pivoting and Cholesky decomposition. Each of these arrays comprises only (n+1)/2 processing elements (PEs), where n is the number of columns in the input matrices. The block pipelining period is n(n-1) cycles for the first array and n(n+1)/2 cycles for the second. If the matrices are processed sequentially, systems of linear equations are solved by the Gauss-Jordan algorithm with almost full processor utilisation, whereas for the Cholesky decomposition the utilisation of PEs is approximately two-thirds.
Measuring average tip-sample forces in intermittent-contact (tapping) force microscopy in air

A method to measure the average normal force on a surface produced by intermittent-contact (tapping) force microscopy is presented. This force is determined by measuring the average deflection of a calibrated piezoresistive cantilever in intermittent contact with an oscillating active cantilever. Results obtained with this method are presented for a two-state cantilever motion where the piezolever force is higher for the state with the lower amplitude of vibration.
MCMC Parameters Estimation in the Inverse Problem of Spontaneous Combustion

Spontaneous combustion is a complicated process and its control function is a partial differential equation (PDE) of heat conduction. To solve the problem of spontaneous combustion, we should specify some parameters first, such as the heat source, thermal conductivity, convective heat transfer coefficient, and so on. Some parameters can be got easily and accurately, but some are not. So there could be a great gap between the result of numerical simulation and the result of experiment. For this inverse problem, we can estimate these parameters with the MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) method. Then, we could get more accuracy and reliable numerical result.
Transformation Structural Equation Models With Highly Nonnormal and Incomplete Data

As useful multivariate techniques, structural equation models have attracted significant attention from various fields. Most existing statistical methods and software for analyzing structural equation models have been developed based on the assumption that the response variables are normally distributed. Several recently developed methods can partially address violations of this assumption, but still encounter difficulties in analyzing highly nonnormal data. Moreover, the presence of missing data is a practical issue in substantive research. Simply ignoring missing data or improperly treating nonignorable missingness as ignorable could seriously distort statistical influence results. The main objective of this article is to develop a Bayesian approach for analyzing transformation structural equation models with highly nonnormal and missing data. Different types of missingness are discussed and selected via the deviance information criterion. The empirical performance of our method is examined via simulation studies. Application to a study concerning people’s job satisfaction, home life, and work attitude is presented.
THE PAULI PRINCIPLE AND QUANTUM TRANSPORT

A new method using Fock space wave functions is proposed for studying resonant tunneling in semiconductor quantum wells. The use of binary occupation numbers as dynamical variables, rather than properties of individual electrons, manifestly takes account of electron statistics, which enables investigation of the influence of the Pauli principle on resonant tunneling in the presence of inelastic scattering. Applied to the evaluation of the resonant current in semiconductor heterostructures, our approach predicts considerable deviations from the one-electron and rate equations pictures.
Control based on perspective lines of a non-holonomic mobile robot with camera-on-board

This paper addresses the control of wheeled mobile robots based on visual information of perspective lines. These lines can be generated by the projection of environment lines like those formed by the intersection of walls and floor, the structural features delimiting paths, or by painted lines on the floor. The control objective is to navigate at a desired speed along the lines, keeping a specified separating distance from them. No assumption is made on the absolute location of either the robot or the lines. A smooth time-invariant controller is proposed in order to command the angular velocity of the robot, while the linear velocity is generated to achieve a cautious and smooth motion. By invoking the LaSalle's invariance principle convergence is shown to a proper invariant set which guarantees accomplishment of the control objective. Finally, experimental results illustrating the performance of the control system are presented.
Trend analysis of Indian summer monsoon rainfall at different spatial scales

The results obtained from a conventional trend analysis of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall over a larger region are contradicted when analysis is performed at a finer resolution because of spatial variability and heterogeneity in the rainfall pattern. The present study analyzes the trend of summer monsoon rainfall all over India at a finer spatial resolution (1° latitude × 1° longitude) to identify the places that have a significant trend in terms of both rainfall amount and occurrence. The results obtained from this study are compared with those of a recent study by Goswami et al. ( 2006 ), where trend analysis is performed over a larger region [Central India (CI); 10° latitude × 12° longitude; assumed to be homogeneous in that study]. The increasing trend of occurrence of heavy rainfall and decreasing trend of occurrence of moderate rainfall, as concluded from that study, are contradicted by the present results for some places in CI. The present analysis shows spatially varying mixed responses of global warming toward rainfall occurrence and amounts all over India. The perception of increase in daily rainfall amount and occurrence due to climate change is found to be not correct for some of the regions in India. The possible reason may be the spatial variability of local changes such as rapid urbanization, industrialization and deforestation. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Fingering patterns on an expanding miscible drop in a rotating Hele‐Shaw cell

We perform a detailed numerical study for the evolution of an expanding miscible drop in a rotating Hele‐Shaw cell. Two mathematical formulations applied to model the coating layer expansion during practical spin‐coating process, such as thinning of the layer by cell pressing and drop spreading outward due to injection, are investigated. Including miscible interfacial stresses, we focus on the investigation of dynamical and morphological influences of two different stabilizing parameters: the gap width parameter for the pressing cell and the injecting strength. In the case of a pressing cell, the fingering features of the expanding miscible drop, such as the critical radius, are distinct from those ones in the experiments of spin coating due to the different distributions of the inherent radial velocity. On the other hand, the global interfacial evolutions of an expanding drop with an additional injection bear remarkable resemblances to their immiscible counterparts. The better agreement for an injecting model suggests its appropriateness when we simulate the emerging fingering instabilities in the spin‐coating process. Moreover, we investigate the effects of Coriolis force at higher miscible Bond numbers. Coriolis force affects significantly the onset of fingering instability and the tilting angles of fingers. These stable effects are in line with the results from the previous studies for miscible and immiscible flow fields. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Addendum to ‘Low-frequency scalar absorption cross sections for stationary black holes’

We show that the zero-frequency limit of the absorption cross section for the minimally-coupled massless scalar field into any stationary black hole with a future horizon with vanishing expansion equals the horizon area if the solution of the scalar field equation with an incident monochromatic plane wave converges to a constant on the horizon, with the error term being at most linear in the frequency.
Assessment of new ex-vessel magnetic measurements in JET

A new ex-vessel magnetic diagnostics was installed in JET during the 2005 shutdown with the objectives of (i) providing experimental data for better modeling of the iron in the axisymmetric codes for plasma equilibrium reconstruction and (ii) testing the reliability of direct field measurements from Hall probes. The latter is of great interest for future ITER-like devices, where long lasting flat top phases are expected, in a high neutron yield and a high temperature environment. The experimental data achieved during the restart phase were analyzed with the aid of simulation codes. Each individual signal was assessed for inclusion in the general JET diagnostics system. The system is ready for use in the 2006 experimental campaigns.
Improved heteroscedasticity‐consistent covariance matrix estimators

SUMMARY The heteroscedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator proposed by White (1980) is commonly used in practical applications and is implemented into a number of pieces of statistical software. However, although consistent, it can display substantial bias in small to moderately large samples, as shown by Monte Carlo simulations elsewhere. This paper defines modified White estimators which are approximately bias-free. Numerical results show that the modified estimators display much smaller bias than White's estimator in small samples. We also show that the bias correction leads to some variance inflation. In hypothesis testing based on heteroscedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimators, numerical results suggest that tests based on the proposed bias-corrected estimators typically display smaller size distortions.
Turbulence and mixing in a Scottish Loch

It is nearly three-quarters of a century since E. R. Watson (1904) and E. M. Wedderburn (1907) made the observations in Loch Ness which showed conclusively, and for the first time, that large bodies of water contain beneath their surface the wave motions which have now come to be known as internal waves. The observations and theory of these waves have developed much since those days, but the Loch is still very useful as a site in which to observe and examine phenomena which are also found in other bodies of water, particularly the ocean. In particular the Loch provides a large-scale natural ‘laboratory’ in which a variety of small-scale phenomena associated with turbulence in a stratified fluid may be studied. Observations have been made with a novel profiling instrument which measures the horizontal velocity of the water and its temperature, from which the density may be inferred. These observations serve to illustrate a variety of local conditions which occur in calm weather, as the Loch responds to the wind and during the passage of an internal surge. Analysis of the records is conducted in terms of an intermittency index (the fraction of fluid in which the density decreases with depth), the Richardson number and a length scale which characterizes the vertical scale of the regions which are found to be unstably stratified. Semi-empirical formulae for the eddy diffusion coefficient and the rate of dissipation of kinetic energy in the turbulent motion are examined to see whether they are consistent with observations. No universal value of the Richardson number is found, but this may be a consequence of the rather low values of Reynolds number found in the Loch thermocline.
High-throughput Raman and surface-enhanced Raman microscopy

Line-scan Raman microscopy (LSRM) is a versatile technique for high throughput label-free chemical mapping. The LSRM instrument achieves a hundred-fold throughput advantage over conventional point-scan Raman microscopy, by projecting a laser line onto the sample and image the Raman scattered light from the entire line using a grating spectrograph and a CCD camera. Two-dimensional chemical maps can be generated by scanning the projected line in the transverse direction. Areas of 100 x 100 μm2 can be rapidly mapped with sub-micron spatial resolution and 100% fill factor. The instrument enables rapid classification of microparticles with similar shape, size and refractive index based on their chemical composition. We have achieved an equivalent imaging throughput of 100 microparticles/sec for 1 μm polystyrene beads. We have extended the technology to surface-enhanced Raman imaging, by characterizing the spatial uniformity of the SERS response of several types of nanostructured plasmonic substrates.
Theory of spin injection into conjugated organic semiconductors

We present a theoretical model to describe electrical spin injection from a ferromagnetic contact into a conjugated organic semiconductor. In thermal equilibrium the magnetic contact is spin polarized, whereas the organic semiconductor is unpolarized. The organic semiconductor must be driven far out of local thermal equilibrium by an electric current to achieve significant spin current injection. However, if the injecting contact has metallic conductivity, its electron distribution cannot be driven far from thermal equilibrium by practical current densities. Thus, quasi-equilibration between the conjugated organic semiconductor and the metallic contact must be suppressed to achieve effective spin injection. This requires a spin-dependent barrier to electrical injection that may be due either to tunneling through the depletion region of a large Schottky barrier or to tunneling through a thin, insulating, interface layer. Schottky barrier formation on conjugated organic semiconductors differs from that on i.
Distribution of electric fields in a rod to plane gap at the onset of negative corona

The distribution of electric fields in close proximity to a rod cathode at the onset of a negative corona are calculated using the charge-simulation technique. In this method, the highly stressed cathode is modelled by a number of line charges and point charges. As the potentials due to these simulated charges satisfy Laplace's or Poisson's equation inside the space under consideration, the solution is unique. The results are applied to calculate the onset field strength and its distribution along the axis of symmetry. The onset of the corona is defined as the transition from a nonselfsustained discharge to a selfsustained one, and it takes place when the cathode field strength reaches a critical value. The theoretical study iscarried one step further by calculating the corona-current waveshape produced predominantly by electrons. A comparison is also made between calculated and measured values near fields and current waveforms.