Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teamwork Orientation, Group Cohesiveness, and Student Learning: A Study of the Use of Teams in Online Distance Education

This research examines computer-supported collaborative learning. Master’s of business administration (MBA) students in an online program were surveyed to examine the extent to which an orientation toward teamwork and the development of group cohesiveness affect overall student learning and the learning that results specifically from team interactions (team-source learning). The results indicate that both teamwork orientation and group cohesiveness predict student learning, with group cohesiveness mediating the relationship between teamwork orientation and student learning. Teamwork orientation and group cohesiveness appear to be equally important predictors of team-source learning. The implications of this research for the use of teams in online distance education are discussed.
Political socialization and influence at the mercy of politicians

This article explores the following research questions: do local participation projects, such as youth councils, have a socializing effect on young people's political awareness; and do the young people involved attain power and influence in the local political field? The earliest and widely acknowledged political participation project among young people in Norway — the Porsgrunn Model — is used as a case study. This study includes two surveys supplemented by qualitative material. Based on a theoretical framework related to political socialization, democracy and political influence, the author discusses the status of youth councils in general and the Porsgrunn Model in particular. The findings imply that the local participation projects do not have an effect on young people's political awareness in general. However, young people who are directly involved in the participation process have a higher degree of political awareness than those who are outside this process. It is argued that this may be a cumulative effect where young people who are already politically active are also attracted to these structures. Furthermore, the author claims that these youth councils occupy an unclear position in the democratic process, which leaves the young people's possibilities to attain political influence at the mercy of politicians. Their ‘potential power’ seems to be valuable only if they operate in an ‘elite–directed way’, when the formal political rules, norms and communicative competence are used.
CROP: Fast and effective congestion refinement of placement

Modern circuits become harder to route with the ever decreasing design features. Previous routability-driven placement techniques are usually tightly coupled with the underlying placers. So usually they cannot be easily integrated into various placement tools. In this paper, we propose a tool called CROP (Congestion Refinement of Placement) for mixed-size placement solutions. CROP is independent of any placer. It takes a legalized placement solution and then relocates the modules to improve routability without significantly disturbing the original placement solution. CROP interleaves a congestion-driven module shifting technique and a congestion-driven detailed placement technique. Basically the shifting technique targets at better allocating the routing resources. Shifting in each direction can be formulated as a linear program (LP) for resizing each G-Cell. Instead of solving the computationally expensive LP, we discover that the LP formulation could be relaxed and solved by a very efficient longest-path computation. Then the congestion-driven detailed placement technique is proposed to better distribute the routing demands. Congestion reduction is realized by weighting the HPWL with congestion coefficient during detailed placement. The experimental results show that CROP is capable of effectively alleviating the congestion for unroutable placement solutions. We apply it to placement solutions generated by four different placers on the ISPD05/06 placement benchmarks [1] [2]. Within a very short runtime, CROP greatly improves the routability and saves execution time for the routing stage after refinement.
Health Benefits of Animal-Assisted Interventions

The use of animals in the promotion or improvement of health is long-standing, yet this complementary healing modality is not widely integrated into mainstream health care. This article describes the history of animals in therapeutic healing, defines animal-assisted interventions (AAIs), and reviews current research. Indications and contraindications for use with patients and clients and issues of safety, cost, reimbursement, and certification are discussed. AAIs result in statistically significant health benefits with improvements in blood pressure, heart rate, and salivary immunoglobulin A levels and in depression, anxiety, perceived quality of health, and loneliness. Although some studies are weak in experimental design, overall research reveals multiple indications with few contraindications for use of AAIs. Adherence to safety and pursuit of certifications helps ensure the success of AAIs. For the continued support and expansion of AAIs, further research is needed into the mechanism of action, settings, characteristics and species of animals, illness conditions, and client populations.
Pyrene degradation by a Mycobacterium sp.: identification of ring oxidation and ring fission products

The degradation of pyrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing four aromatic rings, by pure cultures of a Mycobacterium sp. was studied. Over 60% of [14C]pyrene was mineralized to CO2 after 96 h of incubation at 24 degrees C. High-pressure liquid chromatography analyses showed the presence of one major and at least six other metabolites that accounted for 95% of the total organic-extractable 14C-labeled residues. Analyses by UV, infrared, mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and gas chromatography identified both pyrene cis- and trans-4,5-dihydrodiols and pyrenol as initial microbial ring-oxidation products of pyrene. The major metabolite, 4-phenanthroic acid, and 4-hydroxyperinaphthenone and cinnamic and phthalic acids were identified as ring fission products. 18O2 studies showed that the formation of cis- and trans-4,5-dihydrodiols were catalyzed by dioxygenase and monooxygenase enzymes, respectively. This is the first report of the chemical pathway for the microbial catabolism of pyrene.
Functional Theory and Political Discourse: Televised Debates in Israel and the United States

This study applied functional theory, developed for political campaigns in the United States, to six televised debates in Israel and compared debates in both countries. In both countries, acclaims were the most common function, followed by attacks and then defenses. Policy was addressed more often than character. Incumbent candidates in both countries acclaimed significantly more and attacked less than the challengers. Incumbents used past deeds significantly more often to acclaim—and less to attack—than the challengers. The similarities discovered suggest that candidates for elective political office may employ common discursive practices that transcend national borders.
Notice of RetractionProtective Effects of Cartilage Polysaccharide against Atrophy of Thymus in Murine H22 Hepatocarcinoma Bearing Mice

Degeneration of thymus would obstruct T cell proliferation, differentiation and maturation. In our previous studys, we had shown that cartilage polysaccharide had a remarkable antitumor effect on H22 Hepatocarcinoma tmuor bearing mice. In this article, we attempted to reveal that cartilage polysaccharide might protect thymus from atrophy. After four weeks of implantation of H22 Hepatocarcinoma cells, there was an extreme thymic atrophy in the host. However, we found that the thymuses of H22 Hepatocarcinoma tumor bearing mice injected with cartilage polysaccharide 30mg/d didn't involve in thymic atrophy. We measured the weight and size of the thymuses to show the protective effect of central lymphoid system by utilization of cartilage polysaccharide, and illustrated the thymic architecture changes by H-E staining. Besides, we found apoptosis on the thymus of H22 Hepatocarcinoma tumor bearing mice, and cartilage polysaccharide had a notable protection against thymic apoptosis in H22 Hepatocarcinoma tumor bearers.
Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive networks

In cognitive networks, cooperative spectrum sensing is employed to detect the presence of primary user quickly. The difference of sensing performance between totally cooperative networks and partially cooperative networks (network cooperation gain) is studied in this paper. In a two user partially cooperative network, cognitive users U1 and U2 share their sensing results. While in a totally cooperative network, besides sharing sensing results, the cognitive user U1 that receives less power from the primary user, also exploits the other cognitive user U2 to act as its relay. We exploit a novel numerical model that considers some important factors neglected in the previous analysis, and exhibit some propositions and results on the following issues: what is the condition under which the network cooperation gain can be reached? What is the condition under which remarkable network cooperation gain can be achieved? What are the important factors that impact the gain greatly.
Extending the Modeling Framework for Wind Generation Systems: RLS-Based Paradigm for Performance Under High Turbulence Inflow

Strong growth figures prove that wind is now a mainstream option for new power generation. All the successful megawatt-class wind technology developments to date are results of evolutionary design efforts based on the premise that control can significantly improve energy capture and reduce dynamic loads. The main challenge is wind stochasticity that impacts both power quality and drive train fatigue life for a wind generating system. In the proposed paradigm, control is exercised through a self-tuning regulator (STR) that incorporates a recursive least-squares algorithm to predict the process parameters and update the states. In above rated regimes, the control strategy incorporating a pitch regulatory system aims to regulate turbine power and maintain stable, closed-loop behavior in the presence of turbulent wind inflow. The control scheme is formulated based on a detailed performability model; the wind speed is generated by a stochastic model, while the drivetrain is modeled as a multiinertia system linked by a nonideal (KS ne infin) shaft described by nonlinear equations. Computer simulations reveal that achieving the two objectives of maximizing energy extraction and load reduction by the STR becomes more attractive relative to the classical PID controller design.
A theory of gradual effect systems

Effect systems have the potential to help software developers, but their practical adoption has been very limited. We conjecture that this limited adoption is due in part to the difficulty of transitioning from a system where effects are implicit and unrestricted to a system with a static effect discipline, which must settle for conservative checking in order to be decidable. To address this hindrance, we develop a theory of gradual effect checking, which makes it possible to incrementally annotate and statically check effects, while still rejecting statically inconsistent programs. We extend the generic type-and-effect framework of Marino and Millstein with a notion of unknown effects, which turns out to be significantly more subtle than unknown types in traditional gradual typing. We appeal to abstract interpretation to develop and validate the concepts of gradual effect checking. We also demonstrate how an effect system formulated in Marino and Millstein's framework can be automatically extended to support gradual checking.
Improving human haptic sensing in normal and impaired human populations through activation-based learning

Human haptic sensing is not fixed, but subject to major alterations through perceptual learning processes. We describe a new stimulation protocol that allows to improve haptic sensing in humans in a highly systemic way. The so-called coactivation protocol is based upon temporal constraints of He bbian learning where simultaneity plays a key role for the induction of plastic changes. We summarize recent experiments showing that coactivation alters haptic sensing in parallel to major cortical reorganization in somatosensory cortex. We describe first results where coactivation has been utilized for therapeutical purposes in im- paired human populations, and we sketch the next steps to be able to apply the concept of coactivation on a regular and reliable basis as a therapeutical tool to selectively interfere with impaired haptic sensing.
Neural crest migration: interplay between chemorepellents, chemoattractants, contact inhibition, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and collective cell migration

Neural crest (NC) cells are induced at the border of the neural plate and subsequently leave the neuroepithelium during a delamination phase. This delamination involves either a complete or partial epithelium‐to‐mesenchyme transition, which is directly followed by an extensive cell migration. During migration, NC cells are exposed to a wide variety of signals controlling their polarity and directionality, allowing them to colonize specific areas or preventing them from invading forbidden zones. For instance, NC cells are restricted to very precise pathways by the presence of inhibitory signals at the borders of each route, such as Semaphorins, Ephrins, and Slit/Robo. Although specific NC chemoattractants have been recently identified, there is evidence that repulsive interactions between the cells, in a process called contact inhibition of locomotion, is one of the major driving forces behind directional migration. Interestingly, in cellular and molecular terms, the invasive behavior of NC is similar to the invasion of cancer cells during metastasis. NC cells eventually settle in various places and make an immense contribution to the vertebrate body. They form the major constituents of the skull, the peripheral nervous system, and the pigment cells among others, which show the remarkable diversity and importance of this embryonic‐stem cell like cell population. Consequently, several birth defects and craniofacial disorders, such as Treacher Collins syndrome, are due to improper NC cell migration. WIREs Dev Biol 2012, 1:435–445. doi: 10.1002/wdev.28
Using plain English and behaviourally specific language to increase the implementation of clinical guidelines for psychological treatments in schizophrenia

Abstract Background: Inequalities in the implementation of recommended psychological interventions for schizophrenia persist. Writing guidance in a particular style has been shown to improve service user intention to implement the recommendations. This current study explored this further in healthcare staff members. Aims: Can behaviourally specific and plain English language improve healthcare intentions to perform actions in line with guidance for schizophrenia. Method: An independent measure, single blind, randomised control trial. Guidance was written and disseminated in two formats, the “original” and “alternative”. Self-report measures were administered to assess the cognitive determents of behaviour as described by the Theory of Planned Behaviour, actual behaviour consistent with the guidance, comprehension and satisfaction with the guidance. Results: No significant results were found when comparing the original guidance to the alternative for the cognitive determinants of behaviour, actual behaviour, comprehension or satisfaction. Conclusions: Behaviourally specific and plain English language does not affect healthcare professionals’ intentions or behaviour to implement recommended guidance for the provision of psychological interventions for schizophrenia. A more multi-factorial approach including organisational culture may be required.
A Thermal Featureless Spectrum: Evidence for Bare Strange Stars?

In an effort to understand the absence of spectral lines in the thermal components of the X-ray compact sources observed recently by Chandra and XMM-Newton, we propose that these sources might simply be bare strange stars. We investigate the formation, cooling, and thermal photon radiation of bare strange stars. It is suggested that a thermal featureless spectrum could be a new probe for identifying strange stars.
Modeling and simulation of solar boost converter to supply power for cardiac pacemakers

This paper discusses the modeling and simulation of DC-DC boost converter in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment for providing sustainable power to implantable cardiac pacemakers. For continuous functioning of implantable cardiac pacemakers, rechargeable batteries are used whose voltage level decreases with the passage of time. Thus, it is essential to have a system which can provide continuous power supply to the pacemakers in order to maintain the proper voltage level of the battery for its smooth operation. A DC-DC boost converter in conjunction with solar energy harvester under the skin can be used as completely implantable power supply to charge the battery of the cardiac pacemakers. The solar radiations of various intensities after penetrating through the skin impinge on the solar cells provide irregular voltage with temperature or irradiance conditions. Unregulated DC voltage obtained by the PV array implanted beneath the skin can be used as input to the converter. In the present work, the DC-DC boost converter model has been developed to upgrade voltage to stable level from unregulated voltage of solar cell. The results of converter (i.e., output voltage) show stable performance for various input voltages. It is thus capable of regulating the output voltage to above 4 volts from as low as 1 volt input voltage which is adequate to charge Lithium-ion battery used for implantable cardiac pacemakers.
Metabolism of oxytocin in human decidua, chorion, and placenta.

Oxytocin (OT) synthesized within human decidua may influence the timing of human parturition. Metabolism of OT within intrauterine tissues may regulate local concentrations. We hypothesized that a decrease in OT metabolism may contribute to an increase in local tissue concentrations around the time of parturition. Thus, we compared OT degradation in human decidua with that in chorion and placenta obtained before or after labor onset at term. We measured kinetic parameters for OT metabolism and determined pathways of degradation. Both cytosol and microsomal fractions contained aminopeptidase and postproline endopeptidase activities. Metabolism in the microsomal fractions was predominantly by an aminopeptidase enzyme that cleaves the ring structure of OT and removes amino acid residues from the N-terminal end. Metabolism in the cytosol fractions was predominantly via postproline endopeptidase activity, which cleaves the C-terminal Leu8-Gly9NH2. The resultant OT-(1-7) also is a substrate for aminopeptidase activity. The apparent maximum velocities of OT metabolism in the cytosol subcellular fractions of decidua (0.87 +/- 0.30 nmol/mg protein.min) and chorion (1.04 +/- 0.47) were significantly (P < or = 0.05) higher than those in corresponding microsomal fractions (0.17 +/- 0.05 and 0.29 +/- 0.10, respectively). Placental cytosols (1.08 +/- 0.34) were similar to decidua and chorion, but the microsomal fractions had significantly greater activity (0.82 +/- 0.22). The Km values for all tissues were in the range of 8-20 mumol/L. There were no significant changes in the kinetic parameters for OT metabolism around the time of labor onset. We conclude that human decidua and chorion as well as placenta actively metabolize OT, but changes in metabolism do not occur around parturition. If increasing decidual concentrations of OT play a role in the timing of human labor onset, mechanisms that increase production or secretion are of primary importance.
Drug safety and efficacy evaluation of sertindole for schizophrenia

Introduction: Despite the progress in antipsychotic treatment, modern antipsychotic medication is still associated with side effects, reduced compliance, drug discontinuation and insufficient effects on negative and cognitive symptoms. Sertindole is an antipsychotic compound, with high affinity for dopamine D2, serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C and α1-adrenergic receptors, which has been reintroduced in the market after extended re-evaluation of its safety and risk–benefit profile. Areas covered: Sertindole's pharmacological profile, pharmacokinetics, neuophysiological properties, efficacy on positive, negative and cognitive symptoms and safety issues are covered in this article, based on a literature review from 1990 to 2012. Expert opinion: Based on five double-blind, randomized, placebo-, haloperidol- or risperidone-controlled studies in patients with schizophrenia, sertindole shows a comparable efficacy with haloperidol and risperidone on positive symptoms, while the effect on negative symptoms seems to be superior. Sertindole is generally well tolerated, but is associated with a dose-related QTc interval prolongation (+22 ms). Risk factors for drug-induced arrhythmia, such as cardiac diseases, congenital long QT syndrome, prolongated QTc at baseline, etc. and drug interactions should be considered before prescribing sertindole. To minimize cardiovascular risk, regular ECG recording is required. Sertindole can be an important second-line option for the treatment of schizophrenia for patients intolerant to at least one other antipsychotic. Further comparison with other SGAs and investigations on subgroups (e.g., children, elderly, first-episode, treatment-refractory patients, etc.) are still needed for a precise understanding of the therapeutic benefits and its role in schizophrenia therapy.
Preparing preschool teacher candidates for inclusion: impact of two special education courses on their perspectives

Successful implementation of inclusive practices depends mainly on teachers' attitudes towards children with special needs and their inclusion, and teachers' willingness to work with children with special needs in their classrooms. Experiences teacher candidates have during pre-service stage might influence their perceptions towards children with disabilities and their inclusion. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of two special education courses on (1) preschool teacher candidates' general attitudes towards inclusion, (2) their willingness to work with children with significant intellectual, physical and behavioural disabilities within inclusive classroom settings and (3) their level of comfort in interacting with children with disabilities. A four-part survey was administered to participants four times throughout the study, once before and after each course. The survey package included (1) a demographic information form, (2) the Opinions Relative to the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities Scale, (3) an adapted version of the Teachers' Willingness to Work with Children with Severe Disabilities Scale and (4) the Interaction with Children with a Disability Scale. The results showed that both special education courses positively influenced teacher candidates' attitudes, willingness and comfort levels. However, impact of the second course focused on helping teacher candidates learn and apply instructional strategies to work with children with disabilities in inclusive classrooms was much larger. Implications of the study findings in relation to future research and practice are discussed.