Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 250mV sub-threshold asynchronous 8051microcontroller with a novel 16T SRAM cell for improved reliability in 40nm CMOS

Asynchronous approach for digital systems is a way to resolve increased timing uncertainty with technology scaling since timing issue is eliminated in asynchronous systems. This paper presents a sub-threshold operating asynchronous 8051 microcontroller (A8051) with a novel 16T SRAM cell for improved reliability in asynchronous systems. This A8051, adopting a 4-phase dual-rail protocol, can operate up to 250 mV. A8051 has 67.53 μs as a critical path delay with 91.6 nW power consumption at 250 mV, which is equivalent to 12.88 kHz in synchronous systems. At 1.0 V, the delay of a critical path of A8051 microcontroller is 5.74 ns, which is equivalent to 151.55 MHz, with 8.98 mW power consumption. The proposed 16T SRAM cell is applied in memory blocks. The 16T SRAM structure eliminates charge contentions between devices during read and write operations so that SRAM can be operated fully in static mode, bringing about improved write margin (WM). The WM of this 16T SRAM cell is 1.81 times greater than the conventional 6T SRAM cell and 1.58 times better than 8T SRAM cell. At 250 mV, the SNM of SRAM cell is 12.5 mV under process and mismatch variations. Write delay of the asynchronous SRAM block is 4.02 μs (equivalent to 248.5 kHz) with 5.44 pJ energy dissipation, while read delay is 12.61 μs (equivalent to 79.3 kHz) with 9.08 pJ energy dissipation.
Antecedents of Attachment to a Cultural Tourism Destination: The Case of Hakka and Non-Hakka Taiwanese Visitors to Pei-Pu, Taiwan

This article explores the antecedents of place attachment within the context of cultural tourism destinations. The proposed model is examined on two samples of cultural tourists with different cultural backgrounds. One sample consists of Hakka tourists, the same ethnic group as the hosts, and the other consists of tourists from a variety of non-Hakka ethnic backgrounds. The results indicate that both enduring involvement and destination attractiveness have a direct effect on place attachment, and that there is also an indirect effect of enduring involvement on place attachment mediated by destination attractiveness. Cross-group validation of the proposed model revealed that the structure fit both ethnic categories. A subsequent detailed examination, however, showed meaningful differences in the strengths of path coefficients between the two groups. These findings suggest that the meaning and formation of attachment may differ depending on the ethnic background of the tourists. Implications for theory and practice are provided.
The Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) of the Philippines

This publication covers all Sphingidae known from the Philippines at this time in the form of an annotated checklist. (A concise checklist of the species can be found in Table 4, page 120.) Distribution maps are included as well as 18 colour plates covering all but one species. Where no specimens of a particular spe­ cies from the Philippines were available to us, illustrations are given of specimens from outside the Philippines. In total we have listed 117 species (with 5 additional subspecies where more than one subspecies of a species exists in the Philippines). Four tables are provided: 1) a breakdown of the number of species and endemic species/subspecies for each subfamily, tribe and genus of Philippine Sphingidae; 2) an evaluation of the number of species as well as endemic species/subspecies per island for the nine largest islands of the Philippines plus one small island group for comparison; 3) an evaluation of the Sphingidae endemicity for each of Vane-Wright’s (1990) faunal regions. From these tables it can be readily deduced that the highest species counts can be encountered on the islands of Palawan (73 species), Luzon (72), Mindanao, Leyte and Negros (62 each). The highest endemic counts occur on Luzon with 71 % of total Philippine endemics, followed by Minda­ nao (58 %), Negros (50 %), and Leyte (46 %). Palawan, despite a high species count, has a low endemic count (8 %) because of the close relationship to the Bor­ nean fauna. The faunal regions exhibit a similar situation, except that the Minda­ nao region has the highest species count (78), followed by the Luzon region (77), the Palawan region (77) and the West Visayan region (69). 4) A compact list is given outlining all Sphingidae species, their distribution on the islands of the Phil­ ippines, whether endemic or not, as well as a degree of abundance based on per­ sonal experience. Two new species and one new subspecies are described and il­ lustrated, together with the genitalia: Ambulyx suluensis sp. nov. from the West­ ern Sulu Archipelago, Macroglossum jani sp. nov. from Palawan and Homonhon, and Hippotion rafflesii dyokeae ssp. nov. from Mindanao. In addition the genitalia of Sataspes cerberus, stat. rev. as species, are shown. Further changes comprise: Ambulyx tattina uichancoi (Clark, 1938), stat. rev. as subspecies, Elibia linigera Boisduval, [1875], stat. rev. as species, Theretra insularis (Swinhoe, 1892) stat. rev. as species, Theretra insularis mollis Jordan, 1926 (stat. nov.) in St. Mathias and the Squally Islands, Theretra insularis valens Jordan, 1926 (stat. nov.) in the larger islands of the Bismarck Archipelago, Theretra insularis lenis Jordan, 1926 (stat. nov.) in the Solomon Islands (all as subspecies) and Cypa euroa Rothschild & Jordan, 1903, stat. nov., from New Guinea and Ceram, which is elevated to full species status. ©Entomologischer Verein Apollo e.V. Frankfurt am Main; download unter www.zobodat. at
Pedagogical Implications of Using Discussion Board to Improve Student Learning in Higher Education

This study reports on the pedagogical implications of using the Blackboard feature Discussion Board (DB) to improve students’ learning in higher education. The study sample included three sections of female students – a total of 155 students – in an undergraduate course at an international university in Saudi Arabia. The impact of using DB on first-year female students’ achievement was assessed through quantitative analyses of pre- and post-tests. The effect of DB on students’ attitudes was ascertained by means of qualitative analyses of students’ responses to a post-treatment questionnaire. The results indicated that students in the experimental group showed a greater degree of improvement in test scores than those in the control group, and that posting to Blackboard was positively related to improvement among those in the control group but not among those in the experimental group.
Doing It for Themselves

Colonial processes of territorial acquisition and state formation have constituted a continuous assault on the political and cultural autonomy of the indigenous peoples of the New World. In recent decades, indigenous claims for land justice and resource sovereignty have posed considerable legal and political challenges for postsettler states. Planning offers an indispensable conceptual and operational lens through which to examine state responses to indigenous claims. The authors use case studies to explore the utility, contribution, and key features of planning undertaken as a means of resolving resource conflicts, enhancing indigenous capacity to regain and manage custodial lands, and developing community autonomy.
Language learning, teaching and educational reform in rural Thailand: an English teacher's perspective

This article discusses English language teaching in Thailand through a biographical case study of a teacher working in a government school in the rural north-east. It explores a particular context of teaching and learning, showing how an individual comes to be a teacher and deals with the day-to-day demands of teaching, as well as reflecting on the place of English in a society where it is a foreign language. The article contends that case studies of this type have the power to illuminate the context of teaching, to enable us to come to a fuller understanding of the demands of being a teacher of English in societies where it is a foreign language, and thus to provide essential data on the realities of teaching in various contexts. This data may then be used to inform centralized programmes to reform English language teaching which at present rarely consult the principal change agents – teachers – prior to their implementation. Curriculum reform programmes in Thailand have been criticized for their lack of impact at the classroom level and the article maintains that, if these programmes are to be effective, they should be based on an understanding of the local contexts of teachers' work.
A new polymer-free drug-eluting stent with nanocarriers eluting sirolimus from stent-plus-balloon compared with bare-metal stent and with biolimus A9 eluting stent in porcine coronary arteries.

BACKGROUND Permanent polymers in first generation drug-eluting stent (DES) have been imputed to be a possible cause of persistent inflammation, remodeling, malapposition and late stent thrombosis. We aim to describe the in vivo experimental result of a new polymer-free DES eluting sirolimus from stent-plus-balloon (Focus np stent, Envision Scientific) compared with a bare-metal stent (BMS) (Amazonia CroCo, Minvasys) and with a biolimus A9 eluting stent (Biomatrix, Biosensors). METHODS In 10 juvenile pigs, 23 coronary stents were implanted in the coronary arteries (8 Amazonia CroCo, 8 Focus np, and 7 Biomatrix). At 28-day follow-up, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and histology were used to evaluate neointimal hyperplasia and healing response. RESULTS According to OCT analysis, Focus np stents had a greater lumen area and less neointimal hyperplasia response than BMS and Biomatrix had. Histomorphometry results showed less neointimal hyperplasia in Focus np than in BMS. Histology showed a higher fibrin deposition in Biomatrix stent compared to Focus np and BMS. CONCLUSIONS The new polymer-free DES with sirolimus eluted from stent-plus-balloon demonstrated safety and reduced neointimal proliferation compared with the BMS and Biomatrix stents at 28-day follow-up in this porcine coronary model. This new polymer-free DES is promising and warrants further clinical studies.
Toward a Theory of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy

In the midst of discussions about improving education, teacher education, equity, and diversity, little has been done to make pedagogy a central area of investigation. This article attempts to challenge notions about the intersection of culture and teaching that rely solely on microanalytic or macroanalytic perspectives. Rather, the article attempts to build on the work done in both of these areas and proposes a culturally relevant theory of education. By raising questions about the location of the researcher in pedagogical research, the article attempts to explicate the theoretical framework of the author in the nexus of collaborative and reflexive research. The pedagogical practices of eight exemplary teachers of African-American students serve as the investigative “site. ” Their practices and reflections on those practices provide a way to define and recognize culturally relevant pedagogy.
Recent spatial and temporal changes in body size of terrestrial vertebrates: probable causes and pitfalls

Geographical and temporal variations in body size are common phenomena among organisms and may evolve within a few years. We argue that body size acts much like a barometer, fluctuating in parallel with changes in the relevant key predictor(s), and that geographical and temporal changes in body size are actually manifestations of the same drivers. Frequently, the principal predictors of body size are food availability during the period of growth and ambient temperature, which often affects food availability. Food availability depends on net primary productivity that, in turn, is determined by climate and weather (mainly temperature and precipitation), and these depend mainly on solar radiation and other solar activities. When the above predictors are related to latitude the changes have often been interpreted as conforming to Bergmann's rule, but in many cases such interpretations should be viewed with caution due to the interrelationships among various environmental predictors. Recent temporal changes in body size have often been related to global warming. However, in many cases the above key predictors are not related to either latitude and/or year, and it is the task of the researcher to determine which particular environmental predictor is the one that determines food availability and, in turn, body size. The chance of discerning a significant change in body size depends to a large extent on sample size (specimens/year). The most recent changes in body size are probably phenotypic, but there are some cases in which they are partly genetic.
Using General Problem‐solving Strategies to Generate Ideas in Order to Solve Geography Problems

Summary It is argued that some general problem-solving strategies are a form of biologically primary knowledge (Geary, 2012) in that humans have acquired them over many generations and use them to solve novel problems. On the basis of this classification, cognitive load theory was used to predict that under certain conditions, novice learners could be taught to use such previously acquired strategies to solve a variety of domain-specific problems. To test this prediction, forty-five 14- to 15-year-old students were required to solve geography problems. During acquisition, one group of students was directed to use a general problem-solving strategy based on generating as many ideas as possible, whereas a second group was required to problem-solve conventionally. Results indicated that the general problem-solving group solved more similar and transfer test problems than the conventional problem-solving group. It was concluded that previously acquired general problem-solving strategies can foster both learning and transfer, provided novice learners are directed to use them. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A genome-wide signature of positive selection in ancient and recent invasive expansions of the honey bee Apis mellifera

Apis mellifera originated in Africa and extended its range into Eurasia in two or more ancient expansions. In 1956, honey bees of African origin were introduced into South America, their descendents admixing with previously introduced European bees, giving rise to the highly invasive and economically devastating “Africanized” honey bee. Here we ask whether the honey bee's out-of-Africa expansions, both ancient and recent (invasive), were associated with a genome-wide signature of positive selection, detected by contrasting genetic differentiation estimates (FST) between coding and noncoding SNPs. In native populations, SNPs in protein-coding regions had significantly higher FST estimates than those in noncoding regions, indicating adaptive evolution in the genome driven by positive selection. This signal of selection was associated with the expansion of honey bees from Africa into Western and Northern Europe, perhaps reflecting adaptation to temperate environments. We estimate that positive selection acted on a minimum of 852–1,371 genes or ≈10% of the bee's coding genome. We also detected positive selection associated with the invasion of African-derived honey bees in the New World. We found that introgression of European-derived alleles into Africanized bees was significantly greater for coding than noncoding regions. Our findings demonstrate that Africanized bees exploited the genetic diversity present from preexisting introductions in an adaptive way. Finally, we found a significant negative correlation between FST estimates and the local GC content surrounding coding SNPs, suggesting that AT-rich genes play an important role in adaptive evolution in the honey bee.
POS Tagging for Historical Texts with Sparse Training Data

This paper presents a method for part-ofspeech tagging of historical data and evaluates it on texts from different corpora of historical German (15th–18th century). Spelling normalization is used to preprocess the texts before applying a POS tagger trained on modern German corpora. Using only 250 manually normalized tokens as training data, the tagging accuracy of a manuscript from the 15th century can be raised from 28.65% to 74.89%.
Biochemical markers of bone turnover for the clinical assessment of bone metabolism.

Despite these potential problems, biochemical bone markers are the single most sensitive method for monitoring acute changes in bone metabolism. For example, subcutaneous injections of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I cause a measurable increase in both procollagen and urinary DPD in as little as 1 day. Similarly, it is possible to measure a significant decrease in bone formation as determined by decreases in serum levels of ALP, OC, and C-PCP within 12 hours after the beginning of a PTH infusion study. Additionally, an increase in DPD/cr was determined within 24 hours of the start of bed rest. These changes, seen within 24 hours, are far earlier than could be detected by any other method of monitoring bone metabolism. Thus, biochemical assays have opened a new era where changes in bone metabolism can be detected in hours to days. This acute detectability should be especially helpful to the development of new drugs and the optimization of the use of approved drugs. Accordingly, definite dose-response studies can now be done in a reasonable time. For osteoporosis therapy there are reasons to consider cyclic drug administration, such as avoiding drug resistance (PTH or calcitonin), avoiding overtreatment (bisphosphonates), or avoiding a possible mineralization defect (fluoride). By using biochemical assays, we can determine the optimum amount of "on time" and "off time" in cyclic therapy. Of the bone formation assays, ALP, OC, and PCP, we recommend for routine use the OC assay because of its high discriminant power and because it has been better characterized, in terms of clinical application, than the PCP assays and the ALP IRMA. If, however, the serum cannot be drawn at a specific time in all patients to be studied, we recommend the ALP assay because, unlike the OC assay, it shows no diurnal variation. Of the bone resorption assays, HYP, TRAP, GHYL, and PYD/DPD, we recommend the urine PYD/DPD assay (adjusted for creatinine) because it is commercially available and because, along with the urine GHYL assay, it is the most sensitive bone resorption assay. Established guidelines for the use of assays in patient care is not yet available, largely because of the large intrapatient variation seen with most assays. Once this problem is resolved, it should be possible to apply biochemical assays to routine clinical practice. For example, if the patient has a urine DPD/cr (indicating a high bone resorption rate), the patient would be selected for antiresorptive therapy, and subsequently the urine DPD/cr assay would be repeated during therapy to determine the effective dose of the drug. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Agent-based protein structure prediction

A protein is identified by a finite sequence of amino acids, each of them chosen from a set of 20 elements. The Protein Structure Prediction Problem is the problem of predicting the 3D native conformation of a protein, when its sequence of amino acids is known. Although it is accepted that the native state minimizes the free energy of the protein, all current mathematical models of the problem are affected by intrinsic computational limits, and moreover there is no common agreement on which is the most reliable energy function to be used. In this paper we present an agent-based framework for ab-initio simulations, composed by different levels of agents. Each amino acid of an input protein is viewed as an independent agent that communicates with the others. Then we have also strategic agents and cooperative ones. The framework allows a modular representation of the problem and it is easily extensible for further refinements and for different energy functions. Simulations at this level of abstraction allow fast calculation, distributed on each agent. We have written a multi-thread implementation, and tested the feasibility of the engine with two energy functions.
WITH LEARNED KINEMATIC MODEL USING LSTM NETWORK

This paper proposes a reliable 3D fish tracking method using a novel master-slave camera setup. Instead of conventional dynamic models that rely on prior knowledge about target kinematics, the proposed method learns the kinematic model with a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network. On this basis, the 3D state of fish at each moment is predicted by LSTM network. We propose to use an innovative master-view-tracking-first strategy. The fish are first tracked in the master view. Cross-view association is then established utilizing motion continuity and epipolar constraint cues. Experiments on data sets of different fish densities show that the proposed method is effective and outperforms the stateof-the-art methods.
Representational Cortex in Musicians

Abstract: The lifelong ability to adapt to environmental needs is based on the capacity of the central nervous system for plastic alterations. In a series of neurophysiological experiments, we studied the impact of music and musical training in musicians on the specific functional organization in auditory and somatosensory representational cortex. In one such study, subjects listened to music from which one specific spectral frequency was removed. This led to rapid and reversible adaptation of neuronal responses in auditory cortex. Further experimental evidence demonstrated that long years of practice and training by professional musicians to enable them to reach their capacity is associated with enlarged cortical representations in the somatosensory and auditory domains. This tuning of neuronal representations was specifically observed for musical tones and was absent when pure sinusoidal tones were used as stimuli. In the somatosensory cortex, plastic changes proved to be specific for the fingers frequently used and stimulated. These changes were not detected in the fingers of the hand that were not involved in playing the particular instrument. Neuroplastic alterations also may be driven into a domain where they may become maladaptive. The clinical syndrome of focal hand dystonia that may occur in musicians who engage in forceful practice may be one such consequence. We will discuss the possibilities of reversing maladaptive responses leading to the successful treatment of focal hand dystonia, which relies on basic research about cortical reorganization. This example elucidates how neuroscientific progress can guide the development of practice guidelines and therapeutic measures for the benefit of professional musicians.
Can Foreign Aid Buy Growth

The widely publicized finding that "aid promotes growth in a good policy environment" is not robust to the inclusion of new data or alternative definitions of "aid," "policy" or "growth. " The idea that "aid buys growth" is on shaky ground theoretically and empirically. It doesn't help that aid agencies face poor incentives to deliver results and underinvest in enforcing aid conditions and performing scientific evaluations. Aid should set more modest goals, like helping some of the people some of the time, rather than trying to be the catalyst for society-wide transformation.
The Psychosocial Impact of Chronic Illness

Abstract: Depending on the severity of thalassemia and the level of health care provided, the thalassemic person may suffer from his/her chronic condition going through the path: disease → impairment → disability → handicap. There is evidence that a high clinical burden is associated with a psychosocial burden for the patients and the family.