Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Posterior Direct Decompression and Fusion of the Lower Thoracic and Lumbar Fractures with Neurological Deficit

Study Design A retrospective study. Purpose To analyze the treatment outcome of patients with lower thoracic and lumbar fractures combined with neurological deficits. Overview of Literature Although various methods of the surgical treatment for lower thoracic and lumbar fractures are used, there has been no surgical treatment established as a superior option than others. Methods Between March 2001 and August 2009, this study enrolled 13 patients with lower thoracic and lumbar fractures who underwent spinal canal decompression by removing posteriorly displaced bony fragments via the posterior approach and who followed up for more than a year. We analyzed the difference between the preoperative and postoperative extents of canal encroachment, degrees of neurologic deficits and changes in the local kyphotic angle. Results The average age of the patients was 37 years. There were 10 patients with unstable burst factures and 3 patients with translational injuries. Canal encroachment improved from preoperative average of 84% to 9% postoperatively. Local kyphosis also improved from 20.5° to 1.5°. In 92% (12/13) of the patients, neurologic deficit improved more than Frankel grade 1 and an average improvement of 1.7 grade was observed. Deterioration of neurologic symptoms was not observed. Although some loss of reduction of kyphotic deformity was observed at the final follow-up, serious complications were not observed. Conclusions When posteriorly displaced bony fragments were removed by the posterior approach, neurological recovery could be facilitated by adequate decompression without serious complications. The posterior direct decompression could be used as one of treatments for lower thoracic and lumbar fractures combined with neurologic injuries.
Development of concomitant immunity in mice bearing the weakly immunogenic line 1 lung carcinoma.

The interaction between line 1 carcinomas growing s.c. and their spontaneous (or artificial) metastases has been studied in syngeneic BALB/c mice. In contrast to typical murine tumor systems, concomitant immunity, or the ability of primary tumors to suppress the growth of metastases, develops very slowly in this system, such that the metastases that are shed within the first week of tumor growth survive and ultimately prove lethal to the host. The rate of development of concomitant immunity can be accelerated by increasing the hosts' tumor burden or decelerated by exposure of the hosts to X-rays prior to tumor transplant. This cancer system offers, therefore, an excellent model for the therapy of metastases that cannot be obtained with typical murine tumors.
Our Best Friend, The Coma Cluster (A Historical Review)

In this paper I describe how our knowledge and understanding of the properties and structure of the Coma cluster of galaxies has evolved through the years, since early this century, when the first maps of the density of nebulae in the Coma region were produced, and until the present time. It is shown that most of the recent discoveries that have led to a change in our view of this cluster, were in fact anticipated very early on.
Arf3 Is Activated Uniquely at the trans-Golgi Network by Brefeldin A-inhibited Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors

Arf3 associates with the TGN in a manner that is both temperature-sensitive and uniquely dependent on BIGs. TGN localization and release at 20°C are readily separated and depend on pairs of residues absolutely conserved and unique to Arf3 present at opposite ends of the protein. These results suggest that Arf3 plays a unique function at the TGN.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying axon formation, growth, and branching

Proper brain wiring during development is pivotal for adult brain function. Neurons display a high degree of polarization both morphologically and functionally, and this polarization requires the segregation of mRNA, proteins, and lipids into the axonal or somatodendritic domains. Recent discoveries have provided insight into many aspects of the cell biology of axonal development including axon specification during neuronal polarization, axon growth, and terminal axon branching during synaptogenesis.
Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyl Transferase (Nampt) Is a Target of MicroRNA-26b in Colorectal Cancer Cells

A number of cancers show increased expression of Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (Nampt). However, the mechanism through which Nampt is upregulated is unclear. In our study, we found that the Nampt-specific chemical inhibitor FK866 significantly inhibited cell survival and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels in LoVo and SW480 cell lines. Bioinformatics analyses suggested that miR-26b targets Nampt mRNA. We identified Nampt as a new target of miR-26b and demonstrated that miR-26b inhibits Nampt expression at the protein and mRNA levels by binding to the Nampt 3′-UTR. Moreover, we found that miR-26b was down regulated in cancer tissues relative to that in adjacent normal tissues in 18 colorectal cancer patients. A statistically significant inverse correlation between miR-26b and Nampt expression was observed in samples from colorectal cancer patients and in 5 colorectal cell lines (HT-29, SW480, SW1116, LoVo, and HCT116). In addition, over expression of miR-26b strongly inhibited LoVo cell survival and invasion, an effect partially abrogated by the addition of NAD. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the NAD-salvaging biosynthesis pathway involving Nampt might play a role in colorectal cancer cell survival. MiR-26b may serve as a tumor suppressor by targeting Nampt.
XIV—The Perception of Heat

IN this paper I investigate one modest piece of territory in the science and philosophy of perception, asking and trying to answer a number of related questions suggested by my title, The question whether, or how, we perceive heat happens not to be among them, for reasons which will appear in the sequel. I ask, rather, what physiologists have to say about our thermal sensations, whether (and if so how) these sensations tell us of hotness and coldness in objects, whether there are in fact any such properties of objects, how what we say about, and on the strength of, these sensations is related to our talk about temperature, and how the notion of temperature arises. I begin by drawing in the physiological background so far as it is known or can be reasonably guessed at. From it certain details will be brought forward where they seem relevant in the ensuing discussion; but much of it will remain outside the field of play, serving as a constant reminder that man is a creature of evolution as well as a philosophical animal. It seems to me a priori probable that advances in our understanding of thermal phenomena since the seventeenth century have some bearing on related philosophical questions. It may even be that the only properly philosophical questions that remain concern the relationship between the concepts of common sense and those of science; my subject has seemed to me to offer little scope beyond this limit, barring an unprofitable relapse into general scepticism.
Accurate Modelling with Minimised Data

A data gathering method based on active querying is described. In this method data is reduced to a minimum, yet modelling accuracy is uncompromised. Our active querying criterion is determined by whether or not several neural network models agree when they are tted to random subsamples of a small amount of collected data. Experiments have established the feasibility of our algorithm. It is also shown that our approach results in a more samples being collected in the neighbourhood of the more signiicant inputs.
Perceived relationship power in emerging adults’ romantic relationships

ABSTRACT Power is an important element in dating relationships. Using the power within relationships theory and equity theory this research examined perceived relationship power in a sample of 1098 undergraduates at two universities. Three power profiles were identified based on whether the respondents reported having less power (10.8%), equal power (69.8%), or more power (19.4%) in their current relationship. Having equal or more power generally had positive associations, such as higher levels of personal happiness, a better relationship with one’s mother, greater trust in one’s current partner, and more happiness in one’s current dating relationship. There was little evidence that having equal power was advantageous compared to having more power, though those who reported equal relationship power were less likely to have lied to a past partner. Implications and limitations of the data are suggested.
Balancing QoE and fairness of layered video multicast in LTE networks

In video streaming, user-perceived quality is more important rather than user-receiving data rate, as well as fairness of user satisfaction should be considered. In cooperation with the adaptive modulation and coding schemes, a layered video multicast transmission may provide an efficient way to handle receiver heterogeneity and wireless channel heterogeneity, since different modulation and coding schemes may be applied to the video layers, so different video layers may be distributed to the users located in different ranges. In this paper, we present formal framework for optimal resource allocation in terms of throughput, PF(proportional fairness) w.r. t. throughput, QoE, and PF w.r. t. QoE. Comparing with QoE maximization strategy, we show the PF w.r. t. QoE allocation strategy enforces large fairness improvement with a little QoE degradation expense.
The Genetic Relationship between Leishmania aethiopica and Leishmania tropica Revealed by Comparing Microsatellite Profiles

Background Leishmania (Leishmania) aethiopica and L. (L.) tropica cause cutaneous leishmaniases and appear to be related. L. aethiopica is geographically restricted to Ethiopia and Kenya; L. tropica is widely dispersed from the Eastern Mediterranean, through the Middle East into eastern India and in north, east and south Africa. Their phylogenetic inter-relationship is only partially revealed. Some studies indicate a close relationship. Here, eight strains of L. aethiopica were characterized genetically and compared with 156 strains of L. tropica from most of the latter species' geographical range to discern the closeness. Methodology/Principal Findings Twelve unlinked microsatellite markers previously used to genotype strains of L. tropica were successfully applied to the eight strains of L. aethiopica and their microsatellite profiles were compared to those of 156 strains of L. tropica from various geographical locations that were isolated from human cases of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, hyraxes and sand fly vectors. All the microsatellite profiles were subjected to various analytical algorithms: Bayesian statistics, distance-based and factorial correspondence analysis, revealing: (i) the species L. aethiopica, though geographically restricted, is genetically very heterogeneous; (ii) the strains of L. aethiopica formed a distinct genetic cluster; and (iii) strains of L. aethiopica are closely related to strains of L. tropica and more so to the African ones, although, by factorial correspondence analysis, clearly separate from them. Conclusions/Significance The successful application of the 12 microsatellite markers, originally considered species-specific for the species L. tropica, to strains of L. aethiopica confirmed the close relationship between these two species. The Bayesian and distance-based methods clustered the strains of L. aethiopica among African strains of L. tropica, while the factorial correspondence analysis indicated a clear separation between the two species. There was no correlation between microsatellite profiles of the eight strains of L. aethiopica and the type of leishmaniasis, localized (LCL) versus diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL), displayed by the human cases.
Hypoxia-Ischemia Disrupts Directed Interactions within Neonatal Prefrontal-Hippocampal Networks

Due to improved survival rates and outcome of human infants experiencing a hypoxic-ischemic episode, cognitive dysfunctions have become prominent. They might result from abnormal communication within prefrontal-hippocampal networks, as synchrony and directed interactions between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus account for mnemonic and executive performance. Here, we elucidate the structural and functional impact of hypoxic-ischemic events on developing prefrontal-hippocampal networks in an immature rat model of injury. The magnitude of infarction, cell loss and astrogliosis revealed that an early hypoxic-ischemic episode had either a severe or a mild/moderate outcome. Without affecting the gross morphology, hypoxia-ischemia with mild/moderate outcome diminished prefrontal neuronal firing and gamma network entrainment. This dysfunction resulted from decreased coupling synchrony within prefrontal-hippocampal networks and disruption of hippocampal theta drive. Thus, early hypoxia-ischemia may alter the functional maturation of neuronal networks involved in cognitive processing by disturbing the communication between the neonatal prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
Fixit: An Architecture to Support Recognition-Primed Decision Making in Complex System Fault Management Activities

This research explores the use of the theory of recognition primed decision making and the technology of case-based reasoning to store fault management experience and make it available to operators confronting similar anomalous situations. Specifically, this project uses case-based reasoning technology to construct a knowledge base of actual fault management experience. This knowledge base is organized so as to enable operators to rapidly recognize a fault and retrieve information about previous or similar fault occurrences. The Fault Information Extraction and Investigation Tool (FIXIT), a case-based architecture for computationally encoding fault management experience, is described. FIXIT was implemented in proof-of-concept form for satellite ground controllers. An empirical study with NASA controllers showed that fault management using FIXIT was consistently superior to fault detection and response using existing fault management resources of NASA satellite ground control centers.
Grigni: [21] Well-Connected Separators for Planar Graphs

Given an n-vertex weighted planar graph G, a separator is a subset S of vertices such that each component of G S has at most two-thirds of the original weight. We give an algorithm nding a separator while balancing these two parameters of G[S]: the number of components, and the cost of a minimum spanning forest. In particular, given uniform edge costs and a positive integer k pn, we nd a separator S such that jSj = O(n=k) and G[S] has O(k) components.
Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design as a Journal: The Interdisciplinarity of its Environment and the Citation Impact

The citation impact of Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design can be visualized using its citation relations with journals in its environment as the links of a network. The size of the nodes is varied in correspondence to the relative citation impact in this environment. Additionally, one can correct for the effect of within-journal ‘self’-citations. The network can be partitioned and clustered using algorithms from social network analysis. After transposing the matrix in terms of rows and columns, the citing patterns can be mapped analogously. Citing patterns reflect the activity of the community of authors who publish in the journal, while being cited indicates reception. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design is cited across the interface between the social sciences and the natural sciences, but its authors cite almost exclusively from the domain of the Social Science Citation Index.
Intersection in Integer Inverted Indices

Inverted index data structures are the key to fast search engines. The predominant operation on inverted indices asks for intersecting two sorted lists of document IDs which might have vastly varying lengths. We compare previous theoretical approaches, methods used in practice, and one new algorithm which exploits that the intersection uses small integer keys. We also take different data compression techniques into account. The new algorithm is very fast, simple, has good space efficiency, and is the only algorithm that performs well over the entire spectrum of relative list length ratios.
Data, Annotations and Measures in EASY the Evaluation Campaign for Parsers of French.

This paper presents the protocol of EASY the evaluation campaign for syntactic parsers of French in the EVALDA project of the TECHNOLANGUE program. We describe the participants, the corpus and its genre partitioning, the annotation scheme, which allows for the annotation of both constituents and relations, the evaluation methodology and, as an illustration, the results obtained by one participant on half of the corpus.
Improving Access to Accommodations: Reducing Political and Institutional Barriers for Canadian Postsecondary Students with Visual Impairments

Challenges to obtaining quality academic accommodations for students with visual impairments in postsecondary education hinder accessibility and the success of such students. The limitations of current policies and practices intended to address the needs of students in Canada are examined and potential solutions are discussed. Further systemic changes are needed to improve the quality and timeliness of accommodations.
Current control of a PEMFC system connected to an electrical load through a DC/DC converter

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are highly efficient energy converters with water and heat as the only reaction products when hydrogen is used as fuel. As compared to auxiliary power units that are currently used for power generation on aircrafts, the fuel cell technology has the potential of significantly reducing emissions and noise. Applications such as power generation, water production and the use of the byproduct oxygen depleted exhaust air are part of the multifunctional use of the fuel cell technology. Cathode exhaust air having the correct oxygen concentration can be utilized such as for kerosene tank inerting. For a given air mass flow provided by the compressor as the fuel cell air supply system a certain oxygen concentration establishes depending on the stack current consumed. In this study a self-powered fuel cell system is connected to an electrical load through a dc/dc converter. As the dc/dc converter parameters are not exactly known a feedforward control of the load current would unavoidably lead to drawing too much or too little fuel cell current. A controller architecture that accounts for the correct consumption of fuel cell current is presented here.
Invasiveness of alien plants in Brussels is related to their phylogenetic similarity to native species

Aim Understanding the processes that drive invasion success of alien species has received considerable attention in current ecological research. From an evolutionary point of view, many studies have shown that the phylogenetic similarity between the invader species and the members of the native community may be an important aspect of invasiveness. In this study, using a coarse‐scale systematic sampling grid of 1 km2, we explore whether the occupancy frequency of two groups of alien species, archaeophytes and neophytes, in the urban angiosperm flora of Brussels is influenced by their phylogenetic relatedness to native species.
Discussion of “ Risky Mortgages in a DSGE Model ”

This is an interesting paper on a timely topic. As the authors argue, the recent global financial crisis has its roots in increased mortgage delinquencies caused by the bursting of the housing bubble in the United States. By what mechanism does such an increase in mortgage delinquencies affect the rest of the economy? And how should policy react to it? To address these issues, the authors develop a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with endogenous defaults on mortgage loans. Specifically, they apply Bernanke and Gertler’s (1989) model of financial constraint to housing investment.1 The economy produces two kinds of goods: non-durable consumption goods and durable investment goods (“houses”). The value of the housing stock held by each individual is subject to idiosyncratic risk. Mortgage loans take the form of a debt contract, where borrowers who experience a sufficiently large decline in the value of their housing stock declare defaults. In the case of a default, the lender incurs a monitoring cost and seizes the collateral, i.e., the housing stock held by the defaulting borrower. Furthermore, prices of non-durable goods are sticky (prices of housing stock are flexible). Monetary policy is given by an interest rate rule of the Taylor type. The aggregate shock they focus on is the shock to the volatility of the idiosyncratic shock to the value of housing stock. Its fluctuations
From Neutron Star Binaries to Gamma-ray bursts

I summarize recent results about how a neutron star binary coalescence can produce short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Two possibilities are discussed: the annihilation of neutrino anti-neutrino pairs above the merged remnant and the exponential amplification of magnetic fields in the central object up to values close to equipartition. We find that the neutrino annihilation drives bipolar, relativistic outflows with Lorentz-factors large enough to circumvent the GRB 'compactness problem'. The total energy within these outflows is moderate by GRB-standards ($\sim 10^{48}-10^{49}$ ergs), but the interaction with the baryonic material blown-off by the neutrinos collimates the outflows into opening angles of typically 0.1 sterad, yielding isotropic energies close to $10^{51}$ ergs. We further want to stress the plausibility of the central object resisting the immediate collapse to a black hole. In this case the central object will --similar to a proto-neutron star-- be subject to neutrino driven convection that --together with the rapid, differential rotation-- will lead to a drastic amplification of pre-existing magnetic fields. Within fractions of a second, field strengths comparable to equipartition field strength ($> 10^{17}$ G) will be reached. These will produce large torques that will spin-down the object within about 0.2 s, and would thus naturally explain the duration of short GRBs.
Research on Volatility of the Return by Stages in China Stock Market

China stock market was divided into three stages according to the significant events that affected the stock market. And itpsilas compared that ARCH effect and leverage effect of three periods of yield from vertical and horizontal with ARCH model respectively. The result proved that these three different periods of yield sequence all have high-ARCH effect and obvious fluctuations aggregation. In addition, the volatility of Shanghai and Shenzhen stock market are very similar. But the yield sequences of different periods have different structural characteristics. That indicated that different policies make a great impact on Chain stock market. Finally EGARCH model are used to analyze the asymmetry of stock market. The results showed that it existed obvious leverage effect in two stock markets, and economically speaking, it is more distinguished in Shanghai stock market.