Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy-Aware Duty Cycle Scheduling for Efficient Data Collection in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks include a large number of wireless Sensor nodes to gather the information from its environment. These sensor nodes for various applications are usually designed to work in conditions where it may not be possible to recharge or replace the batteries of the nodes. So the energy is a very precious resource for sensor nodes and communication overhead has to be minimized. All these constraints make the design of data communication protocols a challenging task. Recently, many routing protocols have been developed for Wireless Sensor Networks to improve its performance by overcoming constraints like Residual Energy, Communication Time, Communication Overhead and Energy Consumption. From the experimental studies it is revealed that our approach provides better energy efficient routing scheme when compared to L-PEDAP which outperforms the other recent protocols like PEDAP, PEDAP-PA and EESR in terms of Resource Utilization, Bandwidth and Communication Reliability. Our approach provides a duty cycle scheduling scheme so that the energy dissipation of the nodes could be minimized. The simulation results shows that this approach also provide a better Network Partition Time (NPT) and First Node Failure (FNF).
A CD33‐specific single‐chain immunotoxin mediates potent apoptosis of cultured human myeloid leukaemia cells

A novel single‐chain immunotoxin was constructed by combining a CD33‐specific single chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragment with an engineered variant of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (ETA). The variant toxin carries the KDEL peptide at its C‐terminus, a cellular peptide mediating improved retrograde transport to the endoplasmic reticulum. The purified recombinant fusion protein induced potent apoptosis of the human myeloid cell lines U937, HL‐60 and THP‐1. Up to 98% of U937 cells were eliminated after treatment for 72 h with a single dose of 500 ng/ml (c. 7 nmol/l). Killing was antigen‐specific and occurred by apoptosis. A control protein, consisting of a CD19‐specific scFv antibody fragment fused to the ETA‐KDEL toxin, failed to induce death of the CD19‐negative cell lines U937, HL‐60 and THP‐1. The CD33‐ETA toxin also mediated apoptosis of fresh patient‐derived acute myeloid leukaemia cells from bone marrow and peripheral blood. The pronounced antigen‐restricted cytotoxicity of the novel fusion protein makes it a candidate for further evaluation of its therapeutic potential.
Manufacturing to Order with Random Yield and Costly Inspection

This study considers a situation where a contractor receives an order that it commits to satisfy in full. The fulfillment of the contract requires manufacturing and inspection. Because the number of defective units within a produced lot is not known in advance, it is possible that after examining the lot, it is learned that the number of conforming units is short of the demand. If so, further manufacturing and inspection are required. Once enough conforming units are found, the inspection terminates, and the remaining uninspected units, as well as all defectives, are scrapped.Whereas previous "multiple production runs" studies implicitly assumed that inspection costs are negligible, we include these costs as a key part of the problem. It turns out that the optimal production lot size depends on the inspection cost. Our model is very general: We provide a framework to calculate the optimal batch and the expected number of inspections for any yield pattern, as well as for any inspection procedure. We also provide results and numerical examples concerning specific yield patterns that are common in practice.
A global evaluation criterion for feature selection in text categorization using Kullback-Leibler divergence

A major difficulty of text categorization is extremely high dimensionality of text feature space. The use of feature selection techniques for large-scale text categorization task is desired for improving the accuracy and efficiency. χ2 statistic and simplified χ2 are two effective feature selection methods in text categorization. Using these two feature selection criteria, for a term, one needs to compute the local scores of the term over each category and usually takes the maximum or average value of these scores as the global term-goodness criterion. But there is no explicit explanation on how to choose maximum or average; moreover, these two operations can not reflect the degree of scatter of a term over all categories. In this paper, we propose a new global feature evaluation criterion based on Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence for choosing informative terms since KL divergence is a widely used method to measure the differences of distributions between two categories. We conduct experiments on Reuters-21578 corpus with k-NN classifier to test the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results show that this method enhances the performance of text categorization. The novel method is similar or better than previous maximum and average on either Macro-F1 or Micro-F1.
Plagiarism and Paraphrasing Criteria of College and University Professors

In Study 1, college professors determined whether each of 6 rewritten versions of a paragraph taken from a journal article were instances of plagiarism. Results indicated moderate disagreement as to which rewritten versions had been plagiarized. When another sample of professors (Study 2) was asked to paraphrase the same paragraph, up to 30% appropriated some text from the original. In Study 3, psychology professors paraphrased the same paragraph or a comparable one that was easier to read. Twenty-six percent of the psychologists appropriated text from the original version, whereas only 3% appropriated text from the one that was easier to read. The results of these studies are discussed in the context of existing definitions of paraphrasing and plagiarism.
An analysis of multi-sampled issue and no-replacement tournament selection

Standard tournament selection samples individuals with replacement. The sampling-with-replacement strategy has its advantages but also has issues. One of the commonly recognised issues is that it is possible to have the same individual sampled multiple times in a tournament. Although the impact of this multi-sampled issue on genetic programming is not clear, some researchers believe that it may lower the probability of some good individuals being sampled or selected. One solution is to use an alternative tournament selection (no-replacement tournament selection), which samples individuals in a tournament without replacement. This paper analyses no-replacement tournament selection to investigate the impact of the scheme and the importance of the issue. Theoretical simulations show that when common tournament sizes and population sizes are used, no-replacement tournament selection does not make the selection behaviour significantly different from that in the standard one and that the multi-sampled issue seldom occurs. In general, the issue is not crucial to the selection behaviour of standard tournament selection.
Latent structure of executive function in five- and six-year-old children: A longitudinal study

This longitudinal study analyses the structure of executive function in children assessed at five and six years of age and examines the longitudinal relationships between the executive function dimensions identified at the two age levels. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the latent structure of executive function at both age levels. The best fit to the data at both age levels was a two-factor model in which inhibition was distinguished, while working memory and shifting emerged as a unitary component. Some variables show a moderate longitudinal stability and the inhibitory control tasks display reduced continuity across ages.
The molecular dimension of microbial species: 3. Comparative genomics of Synechococcus strains with different light responses and in situ diel transcription patterns of associated putative ecotypes in the Mushroom Spring microbial mat

Genomes were obtained for three closely related strains of Synechococcus that are representative of putative ecotypes (PEs) that predominate at different depths in the 1 mm-thick, upper-green layer in the 60°C mat of Mushroom Spring, Yellowstone National Park, and exhibit different light adaptation and acclimation responses. The genomes were compared to the published genome of a previously obtained, closely related strain from a neighboring spring, and differences in both gene content and orthologous gene alleles between high-light-adapted and low-light-adapted strains were identified. Evidence of genetic differences that relate to adaptation to light intensity and/or quality, CO2uptake, nitrogen metabolism, organic carbon metabolism, and uptake of other nutrients were found between strains of the different putative ecotypes. In situ diel transcription patterns of genes, including genes unique to either low-light-adapted or high-light-adapted strains and different alleles of an orthologous photosystem gene, revealed that expression is fine-tuned to the different light environments experienced by ecotypes prevalent at various depths in the mat. This study suggests that strains of closely related PEs have different genomic adaptations that enable them to inhabit distinct ecological niches while living in close proximity within a microbial community.
Developmental paradigms in terminal lung development

Late lung development comprises the formation of the terminal sac followed by the subdivision of the terminal sac by septa into alveoli and results in the formation of the gas‐exchange surface of the lung. This developmentally regulated process involves a complex epithelium–mesenchyme interaction via evolutionarily conserved molecular signaling pathways. In addition, there is a continuous process of vascular growth and development. Currently there are large gaps in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of the gas‐exchange surface. In this review, we attempt to integrate and reconcile the morphologic features in late lung development with what is known about the molecular basis for these processes. We describe the formation of the terminal sac and the subsequent formation of the septa, which divide the terminal sac into alveoli, in terms of the classically described developmental stages of induction, morphogenesis and differentiation. We believe that evolutionarily conserved pathways regulate this process and that morphogen gradients are likely to be a central mechanism. In addition, we highlight the importance of the molecular mechanisms involved in the simultaneous development of the vascular bed and its importance in the late development of the lungs. BioEssays 24:1052–1059, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Periodicals, Inc.
Guided filtering based pyramidical stereo matching for unrectified images

Stereo matching deals with recovering quantitative depth information from a set of input images, based on the visual disparity between corresponding points. Generally most of the algorithms assume that the processed images are rectified. As robotics becomes popular, conducting stereo matching in the context of cloth manipulation, such as obtaining the disparity map of the garments from the two cameras of the cloth folding robot, is useful and challenging. This is resulted from the fact of the high efficiency, accuracy and low memory requirement under the usage of high resolution images in order to capture the details (e.g. cloth wrinkles) for the given application (e.g. cloth folding). Meanwhile, the images can be unrectified. Therefore, we propose to adapt guided filtering algorithm into the pyramidical stereo matching framework that works directly for unrectified images. To evaluate the proposed unrectified stereo matching in terms of accuracy, we present three datasets that are suited to especially the characteristics of the task of cloth manipulations. By comparing the proposed algorithm with two baseline algorithms on those three datasets, we demonstrate that our proposed approach is accurate, efficient and requires low memory. This also shows that rather than relying on image rectification, directly applying stereo matching through the unrectified images can be also quite effective and meanwhile efficient.
Melanin-Based Coatings as Lead-Binding Agents

Interactions between metal ions and different forms of melanin play significant roles in melanin biochemistry. The binding properties of natural melanin and related synthetic materials can be exploited for nonbiological applications, potentially including water purification. A method for investigating metal ion-melanin interactions on solid support is described, with lead as the initial target. 2.5 cm discs of the hydrophobic polymer PVDF were coated with synthetic eumelanin from the tyrosinase-catalyzed polymerization of L-dopa, and with melanin extracted from human hair. Lead (Pb2+) binding was quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy (flame mode), and the data was well fit by the Langmuir model. Langmuir affinities ranged from 3.4 · 103 to 2.2 · 104 M−1. At the maximum capacity observed, the synthetic eumelanin coating bound ~9% of its mass in lead. Binding of copper (Cu2+), zinc (Zn2+), and cadmium (Cd2+) to the synthetic-eumelanin-coated discs was also investigated. Under the conditions tested, the Langmuir affinities for Zn2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+ were 35%, 53%, and 77%, respectively, of the Langmuir affinity for Pb2+. The synthetic-eumelanin-coated discs have a slightly higher capacity for Cu2+ on a per mole basis than for Pb2+, and lower capacities for Cd2+ and Zn2+. The system described can be used to address biological questions and potentially be applied toward melanin-based water purification.
Strategic Reliability Investments in Multi-Indenture Supply Chains

In recent years, performance-based contracting (PBC) has emerged as an e¤ective means to manage relationships with suppliers who provide services for maintenances of high-valued products. It has been documented that PBC promotes improvement of product reliability, a key determinant of product performance and overall cost. However, nontrivial challenges exist in a typical supply chain where multiple suppliers design and provide services for distinct subsystems and where product reliability is largely set in an early product development phase. We identify a source of ine¢ ciency in this environment that leads the suppliers to underinvest in reliability. Using PBC neutralizes such ine¢ ciency, but unexpectedly, it results in an overinvestment in reliability. Interestingly, long-term supply chain cost is reduced when PBC is combined with cost-sharing contracts, counter to the common belief that xed-price contracts are more e¤ective in reducing costs. Our ndings suggest that optimal contracts critically depend on complexity of a supply chain structure.
Culture, Affect and Somatization

something is wrong. Systems of health care articulate categories of somatic disease, based on abstract ethnophysiologic ideas, that give the healer a unique way of thinking and acting. Patient and healer, using different forms of discourse, must then negotiate a satisfactory exchange (Eisenberg, 1977). Sometimes this process of negotiation reveals conflicts between the basic perceptions and values of healer and sufferer.
Putting Creativity to Work: Effects of Leader Behavior on Subordinate Creativity

Abstract Although many studies have examined creativity in organizational settings, little attention has been given to the impact of leader behavior on subordinate creativity. To address this issue, current models of creative performance were used to identify three leader behaviors that might influence subordinate creativity, including problem construction, learning goals, and feelings of self-efficacy. Subsequently, these leader behaviors were manipulated as subordinates performed a task requiring creation of a marketing campaign. The quality and originality of the resulting campaigns was evaluated. It was found that leader behavior contributing to problem construction and feelings of self-efficacy lead to higher subordinate creativity. The implications of these findings for understanding creative performance were considered, along with some potential practical applications.
The Acquisition and Use of Causal Structure Knowledge

This chapter provides an introduction to how humans learn and reason about multiple causal relations connected together in a causal structure. The first half of the chapter focuses on how people learn causal structures. The main topics involve learning from observations vs. interventions, learn temporal vs. atemporal causal structures, and learning the parameters of a causal structure including individual cause-effect strengths and how multiple causes combine to produce an effect. The second half of the chapter focuses on how individuals reason about the causal structure, such as making predictions about one variable given knowledge about other variables, once the structure has been learned. Some of the most important topics involve reasoning about observations vs. interventions, how well people reason compared to normative models, and whether causal structure beliefs bias reasoning. In both sections I highlight open empirical and theoretical questions.
Neuroendocrine Regulation and Actions of Leptin

The discovery of the adipocyte-produced hormone leptin has greatly changed the field of obesity research and our understanding of energy homeostasis. It is now accepted that leptin is the afferent loop informing the hypothalamus about the state of fat stores, with hypothalamic efferents regulating appetite and energy expenditure. In addition, leptin has a role as a metabolic adaptator in overweight and fasting states. New and previously unsuspected neuroendocrine roles have emerged for leptin. In reproduction, leptin is implicated in fertility regulation, and it is a permissive factor for puberty. Relevant gender-based differences in leptin levels exist, with higher levels in women at birth, which persist throughout life. In adult life, there is experimental evidence that leptin is a permissive factor for the ovarian cycle, with a regulatory role exerted at the hypothalamic, pituitary, and gonadal levels, and with unexplained changes in pregnancy and postpartum. Leptin is present in human milk and may play a role in the adaptive responses of the newborn. Leptin plays a role in the neuroendocrine control of GH secretion, through a complex interaction at hypothalamic levels with GHRH and somatostatin. Leptin participates in the expression of CRH in the hypothalamus, interacts at the adrenal level with ACTH, and is regulated by glucocorticoids. Since leptin and cortisol show an inverse circadian rhythm, it has been suggested that a regulatory feedback is present. Finally, regulatory actions on TRH-TSH and PRL secretion have been found. Thus leptin reports the state of fat stores to the hypothalamus and other neuroendocrine areas, and the neuroendocrine systems adapt their function to the current status of energy homeostasis and fat stores.
Resistive Second-Harmonic Impedance Continuous Class-F Power Amplifier With Over One Octave Bandwidth for Cognitive Radios

A novel methodology for designing highly-efficient broadband harmonic-tuned power amplifiers (PAs) with more than one octave bandwidth is presented in this paper. Continuous class-F power amplifiers with resistive second-harmonic impedance is for the first time analyzed and employed in a multi-sub-band mode to enhance the bandwidth of a conventional continuous class-F PA. The load-pull method is employed at both fundamental and harmonic frequencies, and the simplified real frequency technique algorithm is used to design and synthesize the PA matching networks. Experimental results show that the fabricated PA operates from 525 to 1325 MHz, with drain efficiency over 70% and output higher than 39 dBm. Digital predistortion is applied to the PA and the adjacent channel power ratio is improved to more than -40 dBc.
Fast computation method for route calculation

This paper introduces a speedup method for the optimal route calculation on large size road networks by preprocessing and pre-computing. A hierarchical network structure is constructed by separating a large network into several subnetworks. The boundary nodes partitioned the original network are new nodes in the higher level network. The new road sections on the multilevel network are decided by pre-computing the shortest path between the boundary nodes of each sub-network. A clustering method based on genetic algorithm is proposed. By the proposed method, the number of boundary nodes and road sections between boundary nodes of each sub-network can be reduced greatly. Then, the computational time for route calculation on this hierarchical network can be deceased sharply. Experimental results show that the efficiency of the proposed method.
Revisiting Santa Rosalia to Unfold a Degeneracy of Classic Models of Speciation

Many classic models of speciation incorporate assortative mating based on mating groups, such as plants with different flowering times, and they investigate whether an ecological trait under disruptive natural selection becomes genetically associated with the selectively neutral mating trait. It is well known that this genetic association is potently destroyed by recombination. In this note, we point out a more fundamental difficulty: if a “knife-edge” symmetry assumption of previous models is violated, then the mating trait is no longer neutral and sexual selection eliminates the polymorphism in the mating locus. This result strengthens the growing consensus that magic traits are the more likely route to nonallopatric speciation. We expand the model assuming also ecological selection on the mating trait and investigate the conditions for natural selection to overcome sexual selection and maintain mating polymorphism; we find that the combination of natural and sexual selection can cause also bistability of allele frequencies.
On the efficiency of time-varying channel models

We consider the form of a physically motivated simple one path time-varying channel in the time-varying impulse response, time-frequency characterization and time-scale characterization settings. The focus, in general, is to determine which setting allows for the most efficient (i.e., sparse) discrete channel representation. We measure how well the discrete representation reconstructs the channel when a limited number of discrete coefficients are available and compare the result among the channel models.
From genes to tensile forces: genetic dissection of contractile protein assembly and function in Drosophila melanogaster

Summary Myofibrils, the contractile organelles of skeletal muscle, are highly ordered and precisely regulated actomyosin networks. Investigations of myofibril assembly are revealing the cellular mechanisms by which contractile components are arranged and regulated. In order to facilitate this research we have developed formal molecdar genetics for myofibrillar proteins of Drosophila flight muscle. Presently, mutations can be used systematically to perturb or eliminate any of the classical myofibrillar proteins within these fibers, and the in vivo consequences can be conveniently ev.aluated using protein electrophoresis, electron microscopy, or by assaying flight performance. Here we review some recent progress.