Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Earnings Mobility in Europe: 1994-2001 Do more flexible labour markets experience a higher earnings mobility?

The economic reality of the 1990s in Europe forced the labour markets to become more flexible. Using a consistent comparative dataset for 14 European countries, the European Community Household Panel (ECHP), we explore the evolution and the cross-national differences in earnings mobility across Europe between 1994 and 2001 from three angles: first, the evolution of short-term inequality and its link with cross-sectional inequality; second, the evolution of long-term mobility relative to short-term mobility and the implications for long-term inequality; third, we try to understand the cross-national differences in earnings mobility across Europe by exploring the cross-country heterogeneity in labour market policies/institutions. We explore the rank mobility and mobility as an equalizer of longer-term earnings. We find evidence supporting a negative association between the evolution of earnings inequality and earnings mobility. More flexible labour markets, with low levels of regulation and with a high labour market support are found to have higher earnings mobility. Similarly, unionization and corporatism are positively associated with earnings mobility. The "Flexicurity" countries (Denmark and Finland) have among the highest earnings mobility levels in Europe, close to the Anglo-Saxon countries (Ireland and the UK), whereas the Mediterranean countries with a strict regulation and a low labour market support have the lowest mobility. Portugal is the only country with disequalizing mobility in a long-term perspective
Towards to Vector Plain Model

This paper presents a knowledge representation document model, which is based on the classic information retrieval vector model. The aim of this paper is to reduce the level of complexity of the classical vector space model (VSM) and to simplify it by presenting an implementation on the plane. Furthermore, a comparison of tf-idf weighting scheme with the introduced Vector Plain Model (VPM) is presented. This method constitutes a significant tool for searching terms through auto-correlation and an innovating link between the scientific fields of information retrieval and quantitative linguistics.
Proposed intelligent e-learning system using semantic web

E-learning is becoming an important tool in education. Hence, more and more education institutions use it. However, most of the e-learing systems used in most education institutions are the passive ones. Passive here means that they cannot adapt to users' need or in other words they cannot personalize its users and provide only what users need accordingly. In order the system to be usefull to the users, it must be able to personalize them. One form of personalization in intelligent e-learning is the ability to recommend learning materials that fit to their needs. Such feature is called recommender. This paper proposes an intelligent recommender system using Semantic Web which is able to recommend learning materials to users based on their interest. To guide the users in learning and understand fully on a specific topic, a subject network, which is a relationship among subject, is used. The subject network will be presented in a list that suggests the order of learning.
Plasma Turbulence and Stochastic Acceleration in Solar Flares

Observational aspects of solar flares relevant to the acceleration process of electrons and protons are reviewed and it is shown that most of these observations can be explained by the interaction with flare plasma of a power law energy distribution of electrons (and protons) that are injected at the top of a flaring loop, in the so-called thick target model. Some new observations that do not agree with this model are described and it is shown that these can be explained most naturally if most of the energy released by the reconnection process goes first into the generation of plasma turbulence, which accelerates, scatters and traps the ambient electrons near the top of the loop stochastically. The resultant bremsstrahlung photon spectral and spatial distributions agree with the new observations. This model is also justified by some theoretical arguments. Results from numerical evaluation of the spectra of the accelerated electrons and their bremsstrahlung emission are compared with observations and shown how one can constrain the model parameters describing the flare plasma and the spectrum and the energy density of the turbulence.
Information push based discharged patient follow-up system

Withholding treatment for discharged patients are largely dependent on follow-up. With more and more patients and their different conditions and drugs, the effectiveness of follow-up faces obstacles. The development and popularity of mobile internet technology, makes it possible for changing the way of follow-up from traditional telephones and letters to modern mobile devices based follow-up system. In this paper, we design a follow-up system, to handle a large quantity of follow-up data. The system could gather medical data, such as treatment information, medicine information and health condition, from medical data center, and push the information to real-name binding patient devices. Discharged patient fills in the questionnaire survey on devices and sends feedback to medical data center. The data center applies a series of professional rules to follow-up data, and reports the patients with potential risk to corresponding doctors in charge. With real-name binding and SSL encryption technique, the privacy of patient is guaranteed.
Chattering Analysis

A formal mathematical definition of chattering is proposed. Chattering phenomena are classified into three types. In particular, the first type is harmless and cannot be avoided. Chattering properties of various control approaches are considered. The dangerous second and third types of chattering phenomena are proved to be removable by proper use of high-order sliding-modes (HOSM). Fast stable actuators and sensors only generate the first type of chattering in HOSM systems and practically never affect the sliding motion. Computer simulation confirms the theoretical results.
Can the supersymmetric flavor problem be solved by decoupling

It has been argued that the squarks and sleptons of the first and second generations can be relatively heavy without destabilizing the weak scale, thereby improving the situation with too-large flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC) and CP-violating processes. In theories where the soft supersymmetry-breaking parameters are generated at a high scale (such as the Planck scale), we show that such a mass spectrum tends to drive the scalar top quark mass squared m{sub {tilde Q}{sub 3}}{sup 2} negative from two-loop renormalization group evolution. Even ignoring CP violation and allowing O({lambda}){approximately}0.22 alignment, the first two generation scalars must be heavier than 22 TeV to suppress FCNCs. This in turn requires the boundary condition on m{sub {tilde Q}{sub 3}}{gt}4 TeV to avoid negative m{sub {tilde Q}{sub 3}}{sup 2} at the weak scale. Some of the models in the literature employing the anomalous U(1) in string theory are excluded by our analysis. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Comparison and Analysis AODV and OLSR Routing Protocols in Ad Hoc Network

Ad Hoc wireless network is an autonomous system, and a temporary dynamic network that formed by a set of wireless mobile nodes without the intervention of centralized access points or any infrastructure. In such a network, it is necessary to have an effectual protocol to suit the removal of the main body and to provide possible route for the data transmission. Routing, as an important part of Ad Hoc network, its performance has a vital effect on the system. There are different protocols for handling the routing in the mobile environment. This paper will focus on two well know algorithms: Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Protocol (AODV) and Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR), and the performances of AODV and OLSR are analyzed and compared.
Implementing the Compiler of UDLC

The increasing complexity of chemical problems often requiring multiple chemical software work together to complete. Most chemical software uses different script languages to describe jobs, chemists have to consume lots of time to learn them before work. Unified Job-Description Language on Chemical Grid (UDLC) is designed to solve the problem. It is a domain specific-language (DSL), aims at reducing the cost of chemical research substantially by providing a general-purpose chemical job description language standard on grid. Using UDLC to describe a job is simple and can be translate to other chemical software script automatically by computer. Many heterogeneous chemical resources integrated in the grid can be directly invoked using UDLC. In this article, we focus on the three main parts in implementing the compiler of UDLC. Firstly, use ANTLR to build Abstract Syntax tree (AST) for UDLC. The AST is an intermediate form not only records the content of the UDLC input, but also records the structure of it. With the help of AST, we can get the chemical information out conveniently. Secondly, traverse the AST for Semantic processing. The major task of this part is to map the AST into chemical markup language (CML) file and produce jobs written by specified chemical script languages. Lastly, generate the target code. In this part, we insert the jobs into flow control sentences to make the target JAVA code which will be executed in the dynamic runtime we built.
The Impact of Environmental Regulations on the Location of Firms in the Hazardous Waste Management Industry

This paper examines the relationship between environmental regulations and the location decisions of hazardous waste management firms. This industry provides a powerful test of the effect of state environmental regulations on location because environmentl regulations significantly affect the cost of providing waste management. The results indicate that state spending on environmental programs can deter firms, as does potential public opposition. Spending affects the implementation and enforcement of regulations and thus is very important in firms' location choices. Hazardous waste management firms do not appear to be deterred by the stringency of regulations, but instead are attracted to more comprehensive policies.
A Data Driven Scheduling Approach for Power Management on HPC Systems

Modern schedulers running on HPC systems traditionally consider the number of resources and the time requested for each job that is to be executed when making scheduling decisions. Until recently this has been sufficient, however as systems get larger, other metrics like power consumption become necessary to ensure system stability. In this paper, we propose a data driven scheduling approach for controlling the power consumption of the entire system under any user defined budget. Here, “data driven” means that our approach actively observes, analyzes, and assesses power behaviors of the system and user jobs to guide scheduling decisions for power management. This design is based on the key observation that HPC jobs have distinct power profiles. Our work contains an empirical analysis of workload power characteristics on a production system, dynamic learner to estimate the job power profile for scheduling, and an online power-aware scheduler for managing the overall system power. Using real workload traces, we demonstrate that our design effectively controls system power consumption while minimizing the impact on system utilization.
High resolution spectroscopy and emission line imaging of DEM L 71 with XMM-Newton

The X-ray emission from the supernova remnant DEM L71 is measured and analysed using the high-resolution cameras and spectrometers on board XMM-Newton. The spectrum from the outer shell is reproduced very well by two plasma components of kT c = 0.3 and 0.8 keV. The abundance value from this shell is consistent with the average LMC values. More extreme temperature variations are possibly indicated by spatial variations in the O VII forbidden/resonance line ratio, which could imply that in some regions the plasma is cooling dramatically and recombining. However, an alternative and equally interesting possibility is that the variation in forbidden/resonance ratios is due to resonant scattering, which would reduce resonance line emission along lines of sight with a high O VII column density. The inner region is hotter (kT e = 1.1 keV) and shows enhanced Fe and Si abundances. We estimate the Fe and Si ejecta mass to be 0.7-1.1 M O . and 0.1-0.15 M O . , respectively. The morphology, mass estimates and abundances strongly suggest that DEM L 71 is the result of a type la explosion, as indicated by previous measurements.
Regenerative brake control of cycling wheelchair with passive behavior

In this study, we propose a cycling wheelchair that assists the movement of patients with impairment of lower extremities. The wheelchair is a pedal-driven system, similar to a bicycle, moved by the pedaling force of the patient's legs. Although the lower extremities of patients are impaired, they can use both legs to smoothly rotate the pedal. However, there are several barriers to use the cycling wheelchair in an outdoor environment such as steep slopes, steps, and obstacles. In this study, we develop a cycling wheelchair controlled by a regenerative brake system. The braking control provides several assistive functions including velocity control, gravity compensation, and step/obstacle avoidance. The regenerative brake system can also charge a battery during the braking control. However, in situations such as steep-slope climbing and emergency stopping, the regenerative brake cannot generate the required force/moment and an active control is required. In these situations, the control mode is altered from braking to active, and the assistive functions are invoked using the energy charged by the braking control. For safety reasons, we propose a passive motion control method of the cycling wheelchair, even if the wheelchair operates under active control. The proposed cycling wheelchair is validated in a series of experiments in this study.
Visual Acoustic vs. Aural Perceptual Speaker Identifica- tion in a Closed Set of Disguised Voices

Many studies of automatic speaker recognition have investigated which parameters that perform best. This paper presents an experiment where graphic representations of LTAS (Long Time Average Spectrum) were used to identify speakers from a closed set of disguised voices and determine how well the graphic method performed compared to an aural approach. Nine different speakers were recorded uttering a fake threat. The speakers used different disguises such as dialect, accent, whisper, falsetto etc. and the verbatim “threat” in a normal voice. Using high quality recordings, visual comparison of the Praat “vocal tract” graphs of LTAS outperformed the aural approach in identifying the disguised voices. Performing speaker identification aurally does not mean analyzing a different sample than the one being analyzed acoustically. Studies of aural perception show a hypothesizing, top-down, active process, which create interesting questions regarding aural speaker identification with bad quality recordings in noisy backgrounds etc. However, more tests on telephone quality recordings, authentic material and additional types of acoustic measurements, must be performed to be able to say anything about LTAS with implications for forensic purposes.
Load Balancing in Cloud Computingusing Modified Throttled Algorithm

Load balancing is one of the critical components for efficient operations in the cloud computing environment. In recent years many clients from all over the world are demanding the various services at rapid rate. Many algorithms have been designed to carry out the client's request towards the cloud nodes. Accordingly the cloud computing platform will dynamically configure its servers and these servers may be present physically or virtually in the computing environment. Hence, selecting the virtual machines or servers has to be scheduled properly by using an appropriate load balancing approach. In the present work, a local optimized load balancing approach is proposed for distributing of incoming jobs uniformly among the servers or virtual machines. Further, the performance is analyzed using CloudAnalyst simulator and compared with existing Round Robin and Throttled algorithms. Simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed algorithm has distributed the load uniformly among virtual machines.
Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Decision Analysis System for E-Sorucing

Sourcing addresses critical decisions of what to buy, how much to buy, whom to buy from, and how to manage relationship with suppliers. Decision making in sourcing can involve a few hundred offerings each of which is described by several dozen attributes. When using traditional decision analysis techniques, sourcing specialists are often having difficulties in assigning appropriate weights to attributes and feel uncomfortable with decided results. In this paper, we present an innovative approach, where the decision makers only provide ordinal rankings over subsets of offerings. From the information implied by these ordinal rankings, the system derives a set of weights and an overall ranking of all the given offerings. With additional information from the decision maker, these results are iteratively refined. The paper describes the basic concepts and algorithms used as well as the
A Pricing Model for Convertible Bonds in China

Since the 2008 Financial Crisis, trade of convertible bonds in China has tended to be dull with its market size shrinking, which is in sharp contrast with the previous market boom. One reason for this contrast is that the price of convertible bonds is mainly dominated by market sentiment, rather than the underlying company stock prices, and that there is no proper pricing tool in practice. Based on the existing pricing models and specific provisions of convertible bonds, this paper puts forward a bond-option model, and further illustrates this pricing model in theoretical and numerical ways respectively. An empirical study on 8 active convertible bonds in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock market during the first half year of 2011 shows that theoretical prices are 1%-5% lower than the actual ones. We own this bias to investors' irrationality and market manipulation.
Dynamic Imaging by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy Identifies Diverse Populations of Polyglutamine Oligomers Formed in Vivo*

Background: Protein aggregation is implicated in numerous diseases. Results: Polyglutamine oligomers maintain a heterogeneous distribution that reaches an equilibrium during aging and can be altered by genetic modifiers that suppress aggregation. Conclusion: Shifts in populations of oligomers do not correlate with toxicity. Significance: The dynamics of oligomerization and aggregation to inert species is essential for protein misfolding and toxicity. Protein misfolding and aggregation are exacerbated by aging and diseases of protein conformation including neurodegeneration, metabolic diseases, and cancer. In the cellular environment, aggregates can exist as discrete entities, or heterogeneous complexes of diverse solubility and conformational state. In this study, we have examined the in vivo dynamics of aggregation using imaging methods including fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), to monitor the diverse biophysical states of expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) proteins expressed in Caenorhabditis elegans. We show that monomers, oligomers and aggregates co-exist at different concentrations in young and aged animals expressing different polyQ-lengths. During aging, when aggregation and toxicity are exacerbated, FCS-based burst analysis and purified single molecule FCS detected a populational shift toward an increase in the frequency of brighter and larger oligomeric species. Regardless of age or polyQ-length, oligomers were maintained in a heterogeneous distribution that spans multiple orders of magnitude in brightness. We employed genetic suppressors that prevent polyQ aggregation and observed a reduction in visible immobile species with the persistence of heterogeneous oligomers, yet our analysis did not detect the appearance of any discrete oligomeric states associated with toxicity. These studies reveal that the reversible transition from monomers to immobile aggregates is not represented by discrete oligomeric states, but rather suggests that the process of aggregation involves a more complex pattern of molecular interactions of diverse intermediate species that can appear in vivo and contribute to aggregate formation and toxicity.
Recognizing Upper Body Postures using Textile Strain Sensors

In this paper we present a garment prototype using strain sensors to recognize upper body postures. A novel thermoplastic elastomer strain sensor was used for measuring strain in the clothing. This sensor has a linear resistance response to strain, a small hysteresis and can be fully integrated into textile. A study was conducted with eight participants wearing the garment and performing a total of 27 upper body postures. A Naive Bayes classification was applied to identify the different postures. Nearly a complete recognition rate of 97% was achieved when the classification was adapted to the individual participant. A classification rate of 84% was achieved for an all-user classification and 65% for an independent user. These results show the feasibility to recognize postures with our setup, even in an unseen user setting. Furthermore, we used the garment prototype in a gym experiment to explore its potential for rehabilitation and fitness training. Intensity, speed and number of repetitions could be obtained from the garment sensor data.
New schemes for increasing code rate of the OFDM based virtual OSTBC

In this paper we propose new schemes for increasing code rate of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based virtual orthogonal space time block coding (OSTBC). The proposed schemes are used for creating virtual 4×1 multiple input-single output (MISO) channel. These schemes include one base station (BS), one relay station (RS), both equipped with two antennas and one mobile station (MS) with a single antenna. One of the main disadvantages of the virtual OSTBC is its code rate, so we propose new schemes with greater code rate while preserving bit error rate (BER) of the scheme with virtual OSTBC. We proposed new schemes with greater code rate on the first hop while the code rate on the second hop remains the same. The code rates between BS and RS in the proposed schemes are 1, 4/5, 2/3 and 4/7, while in the scheme with virtual OSTBC the code rate is only 1/2. Also, we proposed subcarriers mapping in best to worst manner (BW) at RS in order to improve BER performance. The simulation results show that the proposed schemes maintain BER performance very close to the scheme with virtual OSTBC.