Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metamorphic zircon formation by solid‐state recrystallization of protolith igneous zircon

Protolith zircon in high‐grade metagranitoids from Queensland, Australia, partially recrystallized during granulite‐grade metamorphism. We describe the zircon in detail using integrated cathodoluminescence, U–Pb isotope, trace element and electron backscatter diffraction pattern (EBSP) analyses. Primary igneous oscillatory zoning is partially modified or obliterated in areas within single crystals, but is well preserved in other areas. A variety of secondary internal structures are observed, with large areas of transgressive recrystallized zircon usually dominant. Associated with these areas are recrystallization margins, interpreted to be recrystallization fronts, that have conformable boundaries with transgressive recrystallized areas, but contrasting cathodoluminescence and trace element chemistry. Trace element analyses of primary and secondary structures provide compelling evidence for closed‐system solid‐state recrystallization. By this process, trace elements in the protolith zircon are purged during recrystallization and partitioned between the enriched recrystallization front and depleted recrystallized areas. However, recrystallization is not always efficient, often leaving a ‘memory’ of the protolith trace element and isotopic composition. This results in the measurement of ‘mixed’ U–Pb isotope ages. Nonetheless, the age of metamorphism has been determined. A correlation between apparent age and Th/U ratio is indicative of incomplete re‐setting by partial recrystallization. Recrystallization is shown to probably not significantly affect Lu–Hf ages. Recrystallization has been determined by textural and trace element analysis and EBSP data not to have proceeded by sub‐grain rotation or local dissolution/re‐precipitation, but probably by grain‐boundary migration and defect diffusion. The formation of metamorphic zircon by solid‐state recrystallization is probably common to high‐grade terranes worldwide. The recognition of this process of formation is essential for correct interpretation of zircon‐derived U–Pb ages and subsequent tectonic models.
Clustering of Network Traffic by Online Streaming

now days A large number of research is proposed on intrusion detection system, which leads to the implementation of agent based intelligent IDS (IIDS), Non - intelligent IDS (NIDS), signature based IDS etc. While developing such IDS models, learning algorithms from flow of network data plays a very important role in IDS systems. The proposed work focuses on implementing the new technique to cluster network data, traffic which eliminates the limitations in existing online clustering algorithms and prove the robustness and accuracy over large stream of network traffic arriving at extremely high rate. We are comparing the existing algorithm with new methods to analyse the accuracy and complexity.
Quasi-linear Theory of Wind-Wave Generation Applied to Wave Forecasting

Abstract The effect of wind-generated gravity waves on the airflow is discussed using quasi-linear theory of wind-wave generation. In this theory, both the effects of the waves and the effect of air turbulence on the mean wave profile are taken into account. The main result of this theory is that for young wind sea most of the stress in the boundary layer is determined by momentum transfer from wind to waves, therefore, resulting in a strong interaction between wind and waves. For old wind sea there is, however, hardly any coupling. As a consequence, a sensitive dependence of the aerodynamic drag on wave age is found, explaining the scatter in plots of the experimentally observed drag as a function of the wind speed at 10-m height. Also, the growth rate of waves by wind is found to depend on wave age. All this suggests that a proper description of the physics of the momentum transfer at the air–sea interface can only be given by coupling an atmospheric (boundary-layer) model with an ocean-wave prediction .
The working capacity of the older employee.

Measurements of working capacity in the factory should include tests of aerobic power, obesity, and strength. Aerobic power shows a progressive decline throughout the span of working life, and by the age of 60 many men and almost all women seem unlikely to sustain an eight-hour work load at three times the resting level of energy expenditure without fatigue. Workers over the age of 40 carry a substantial burden of body fat, and diminishing muscle strength also increases their liability to fatigue. The relation of these findings to productivity is discussed, and the possible improvement of working capacity through use of an appropriate training regime is set at 15% to 20%. Motivation to increased activity is considered, and is suggested to be a justifiable charge upon company finances.
Concentration of bacteria in jet drops from bursting bubbles

Serratia marcescens has been used to demonstrate that bacterial concentrations in jet drops from bursting bubbles can be much higher than the concentration in the water in which the bubbles burst. The ratio of the concentrations is the concentration factor C. A rotating tank was used to study the stripping of bacteria from the bulk air-water interface. Values for C range from 1 to about 100, increasing with drop size up to about 80 μm in diameter. For a given drop size, C varies inversely with the bacterial concentration in the bulk suspension. A bubble ‘aging tube’ has been developed in which bubbles can be aged (while suspended in a downward moving stream of water) for any given time before they rise to the surface to break. Drops from these bubbles show an increase of C with bubble age, indicating a time rate of change of the adsorption of bacteria to the surface of the bubble. C reaches a steady-state value as high as 104 in 10–20 sec. Surface-active organic material is also adsorbed onto a rising bubble. This process lowers the surface-free energy and, in turn, results in a decrease of the jet-drop size and ejection height.
Road network vulnerability: identifying important links and exposed regions

The reliability and vulnerability of critical infrastructures have attracted a lot of attention recently, also concerning road networks. In order to assess these issues quantitatively, operational measures are needed. Such measures can also be used as guidance to road administrations in their investment planning and in their prioritisation of maintenance and repair of roads, as well as for avoiding causing unnecessary disturbances in the planning of roadwork. The concepts of link importance and site exposure are introduced. Several indices of link importance and site exposure are derived, based on the increase in generalised travel cost when links are closed. The measures are calculated for the road network of northern Sweden. Results are presented per link and municipality (A). For the covering abstract of the conference see ITRD E212343.
The Work of Intrusion Detection: Rethinking the Role of Security Analysts

Intrusion detection (ID) systems have become increasingly accepted as an essential layer in the information security infrastructure. However, there has been little research into understanding the human component of ID work. Currently, security analysts face an increasing workload as their environments expand and attacks become more frequent. We conducted contextual interviews with security analysts to gain an understanding of the people and work of ID. Our findings reveal that organizational changes must be combined with improved technical tools for effective, long-term solutions to the difficulties of scaling ID work. We propose a three-phase task model in which tasks could be decoupled according to requisite expertise. In particular, monitoring tasks can be separated and staffed by less experienced ID analysts with corresponding tool support. Thus, security analysts will be better able to cope with increasing security threats in their expanding networks. Additionally, organizations will be afforded more flexibility in hiring and training new analysts.
Scaling Analysis of Affinity Propagation

We analyze and exploit some scaling properties of the affinity propagation (AP) clustering algorithm proposed by Frey and Dueck [Science 315, 972 (2007)]. Following a divide and conquer strategy we setup an exact renormalization-based approach to address the question of clustering consistency, in particular, how many cluster are present in a given data set. We first observe that the divide and conquer strategy, used on a large data set hierarchically reduces the complexity O(N2) to O(N((h+2)/(h+1))) , for a data set of size N and a depth h of the hierarchical strategy. For a data set embedded in a d -dimensional space, we show that this is obtained without notably damaging the precision except in dimension d=2 . In fact, for d larger than 2 the relative loss in precision scales such as N((2-d)/(h+1)d). Finally, under some conditions we observe that there is a value s* of the penalty coefficient, a free parameter used to fix the number of clusters, which separates a fragmentation phase (for ss*) of the underlying hidden cluster structure. At this precise point holds a self-similarity property which can be exploited by the hierarchical strategy to actually locate its position, as a result of an exact decimation procedure. From this observation, a strategy based on AP can be defined to find out how many clusters are present in a given data set.
The Thyroid and the Heart

Cardiovascular manifestations are a frequent finding in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid states. In this review, potential mechanisms by which thyroid hormones may exert their cardiovascular effects and pathophysiological consequences of such effects are briefly discussed. Two major concepts have emerged about how thyroid hormones exert their cardiovascular effects. First, there is increasing evidence that thyroid hormones exert direct effects on the myocardium, which are mediated by stimulation of specific nuclear receptors, which in turn leads to specific mRNAs production. Furthermore, there is some evidence that thyroid hormones may also activate extranuclear sites and may directly alter plasma membrane function. Second, thyroid hormones interact with the sympathetic nervous system by altering responsiveness to sympathetic stimulation presumably by modulating adrenergic receptor function and/or density. Pathophysiological consequences of such direct and indirect thyroid hormone effects include increased myocardial contractility and relaxation that may be related to stimulation by T3 of specific myocardial enzymes. However, when left ventricular hypertrophy occurs in association with hyperthyroidism, it may be related to either direct thyroid hormone-induced stimulation of myocardial protein synthesis or to thyrotoxicosis-induced increases in cardiac work load. Although hyperthyroidism generally has little or no effect on mean arterial blood pressure, hypothyroidism is often associated with increases in diastolic blood pressure that are reversible after hormone substitution and may be mediated in part by sympathetic activation. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that thyroid hormones have direct chronotropic effect on the heart that are independent of the sympathetic nervous system. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Oceanic radiocarbon: Separation of the natural and bomb components

An improved method has been developed for the separation of the natural and bomb components of the radiocarbon in the ocean. The improvement involves the use of a very strong correlation between natural radiocarbon and dissolved silica. This method is applied to radiocarbon measurements made on samples collected during the Geochemical Ocean Sections Study (GEOSECS), Transient Tracers in the Ocean (TTO) and South Atlantic Ventilation Experiment (SAVE) expeditions. On the basis of this new separation we provide not only an estimate of the global inventory of bomb 14C at the time of the GEOSECS survey but also the distribution of bomb radiocarbon along four thermocline isopycnals in each ocean. We also document the evolution of the bomb 14C inventory and penetration along thermocline isopycnals in the North Atlantic Ocean between the times of the GEOSECS (1972–1973) and TTO (1980–1982) surveys and in the South Atlantic Ocean between the times of the GEOSECS (1973) and SAVE (1987–1989) surveys. In addition, we show that the bomb tritium to bomb 14C ratio (expressed in the tritium unit (TU) 81 units/100‰) for waters entering the thermocline of the northern hemisphere is about 9 times higher than for those entering the southern hemisphere thermocline. This contrast offers long-term potential as an indicator of inter-hemispheric transport of upper ocean waters.
Anticarrier immunity suppresses the antibody response to polysaccharide antigens after intranasal immunization with the polysaccharide-protein conjugate

We have conjugated cholera toxin (CT) B subunit (CTB) to dextran and studied the effect in mice of previous immunization with CT and CTB on the response to dextran after intranasal immunizations with conjugate. Preexisting immunity to CTB was found to inhibit both the lung mucosal response and serum antibody response to dextran, but this effect could be overcome by using a higher dose of conjugate and delaying the conjugate immunization until the CTB antibody titers had declined. The role of anti-CTB antibodies on the mucosal surface was probably to prevent uptake of the conjugate through a mechanism of immune exclusion. Passively transferred serum antibodies against CTB, on the other hand, suppressed both the serum response and the local antibody response against CTB but did not affect the response to dextran after intranasal immunization with conjugate.
Electrical and material characterization of field-aged 400 kV silicone rubber composite insulators

This paper presents the electrical and material characteristics of field-aged silicone rubber composite insulators, which have been deployed for 15 years on a 400 kV transmission line in a coastal region of the UK. There were no indications of reduced performance in service. Observations indicate non-uniform aging of the insulators on the different surfaces of the insulator sheds and core, along the insulator string length and in the different compass orientations. A uniquely large number of contact angle measurements, made on each of the insulators' different surfaces, confirm the visual aspect of nonuniform aging. Electrical investigations of the insulators have been performed in terms of leakage current analysis, ac flashover / withstand and switching-surge impulse flashover. A correlation is seen between the ac leakage current and the hydrophobicity measurements. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the changes of the materials' surface chemistry is presented. The role of solar radiation and organic growth appears critical to the observed non-uniform aging and must be considered if the longer term operation of the insulator is to be forecast. It is proposed that a reduction of the difference between positive and negative wet-flashover voltages may be a good indicator of early insulator aging.
Molecular characterization of Neisseria meningitidis isolates recovered from 11-19-year-old meningococcal carriers in Salvador, Brazil

Characterization of meningococci isolated from the pharynx is essential towards understanding the dynamics of meningococcal carriage and disease. Meningococcal isolates, collected from adolescents resident in Salvador, Brazil during 2014, were characterized by multilocus sequence typing, genotyping or whole-genome sequencing. Most were nongroupable (61.0%), followed by genogroups B (11.9%) and Y (8.5%). We identified 34 different sequence types (STs), eight were new STs, distributed among 14 clonal complexes (cc), cc1136 represented 20.3% of the nongroupable isolates. The porA and fetA genotypes included P1.18,25–37 (11.9%), P1.18–1,3 (10.2%); F5-5 (23.7%), F4-66 (16.9%) and F1-7 (13.6%). The porB class 3 protein and the fHbp subfamily A (variants 2 and 3) genotypes were found in 93.0 and 71.0% of the isolates, respectively. NHBA was present in all isolates, and while most lacked NadA (94.9%), we detected the hyperinvasive lineages B:P1.19,15:F5-1:ST-639 (cc32); C:P1.22,14–6:F3-9:ST-3780 (cc103) and W:P1.5,2:F1-1:ST-11 (cc11). This is the first report on the genetic diversity and vaccine antigen prevalence among N. meningitidis carriage isolates in the Northeast of Brazil. This study highlights the need for ongoing characterization of meningococcal isolates following the introduction of vaccines and for determining public health intervention strategies.
High-dose amphotericin B with flucytosine for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected patients: a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND The standard therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cryptococcal meningitis of amphotericin B (AmB; 0.7 mg/kg per day) plus flucytosine frequently takes >2 weeks to sterilize the cerebral spinal fluid, and acute mortality remains high. A dosage range for AmB of 0.7-1 mg/kg per day is noted in current guidelines, but there are no data comparing 0.7 mg/kg per day with 1 mg/kg per day. METHODS Sixty-four HIV-seropositive, antiretroviral therapy-naive patients in Cape Town, South Africa, who experienced their first episode of cryptococcal meningitis during the period May 2005-June 2006 were randomized to receive either (1) AmB, 0.7 mg/kg per day, plus flucytosine, 25 mg/kg 4 times per day (group 1; 30 patients); or (2) AmB, 1 mg/kg per day, plus flucytosine, 25 mg/kg 4 times per day (group 2; 34 patients). Regimens were given for 2 weeks, followed by treatment with oral fluconazole. The primary outcome measure was early fungicidal activity, as determined by results of serial, quantitative cerebral spinal fluid cryptococcal cultures. Secondary outcome measures were safety and mortality. The median duration of follow-up was 1 year. RESULTS Early fungicidal activity was significantly greater for group 2 than for group 1 (mean +/- SD, -0.56 +/- 0.24 vs. -0.45 +/- 0.16 log cfu/mL of cerebral spinal fluid per day; P = .02). The incidence of renal impairment did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. Anemia was associated with female sex and, less strongly, with membership in group 2. Renal impairment and anemia reversed after the regimen was switched to fluconazole. Two- and 10-week mortality rates were 6% and 24%, respectively, with no difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS AmB, 1 mg/kg per day, plus flucytosine is more rapidly fungicidal than is standard-dose AmB plus flucytosine. Because of its size, this study provides limited data on any difference in toxicity between the regimens, but toxicities were manageable and reversible. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN68133435 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
Correlation of cerebral hemodynamic changes during mental activity and recovery after stroke

Objective: To investigate the correlation between changes in cerebral functional activity during mental engagement and the potential for neurologic recovery after stroke. Background: Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) makes it possible to detect the dynamic adjustment of cerebral perfusion related to functional neuronal changes. Methods: TCD monitoring of flow velocity changes in the middle cerebral artery of 29 ischemic stroke patients was performed during an object recognition task. The study took place within 4 weeks from stroke onset. Based on recovery occurring after 2 months, the patients were divided into four groups depending on the side of hemispheric lesion and the presence or absence of neurologic recovery. Ten healthy subjects served as control subjects. Results: During the recognition task, control subjects showed a bilateral increase in flow velocity with respect to the rest phase (right side, 7.02 ± 1.3%; left side, 6.65 ± 1.1%), with no side-to-side difference. In patients who experienced recovery, a similar pattern of bilateral activation was observed, irrespective of the side of the lesion. Conversely, in patients with no recovery, the increase of flow velocity was significantly higher on the side contralateral to the brain lesion (p < 0.0001) with respect to the lesion side. Performance during the recognition task was comparable in the four groups of patients. Conclusions: These findings suggest that satisfactory recovery from a neurologic deficit requires the persistence of functional activity in the damaged hemisphere despite the presence of an anatomic lesion. The possibility of obtaining early prognostic indications with TCD may be relevant for an early selection of patients with the best probability of benefiting from rehabilitation therapy.
A Mobile Beacon Based Approach for Sensor Network Localization

Mobile beacon localization approaches have been proposed in the literature as an interesting alternative for centralized/decentralized approaches because of their low cost, their accuracy and their low energy consumption. However, their main drawback in a random deployment remains the lack of a well defined mobile beacon trajectory that ensures localization for all the nodes with acceptable error estimations. In this paper we give a solution to the question "What is the optimum mobile beacon trajectory and when should the beacon packets be sent? ", and then we propose a simple localization algorithm. This algorithm is based on one mobile beacon. We study three different known curves and we justify the use of the Hilbert space filling curve to be the mobile beacon trajectory. We further compare the localization error of our proposed algorithm and other existing mobile beacon based algorithms. Our results are verified by simulation on Omnet++.
Capacity-achieving probability measure for conditionally Gaussian channels with bounded inputs

A conditionally Gaussian channel is a vector channel in which the channel output, given the channel input, has a Gaussian distribution with (well-behaved) input-dependent mean and covariance. We study the capacity-achieving probability measure for conditionally Gaussian channels subject to bounded-input constraints and average cost constraints. Many practical communication systems, including additive Gaussian noise channels, certain optical channels, fading channels, and interference channels fall within this framework. Subject to bounded-input constraint (and average cost constraints), we show that the channel capacity is achievable and we derive a necessary and sufficient condition for a probability measure to be capacity achieving. Under certain conditions, the capacity-achieving measure is proved to be discrete.
Subgrid Scale Modeling for LES Simulation of Flow in a Turbulent Bottom Boundary Layer

Abstract : The long-range goal of this work is to develop improved understanding and predictive capability for shallow water dynamics. To develop a subgrid scale model for large eddy simulation (LES) of the flow in a turbulent stratified flow in shallow water, based on parameterizations determined from field measurements, direct numerical simulation (DNS) studies, and theoretical considerations. The aim is to provide accurate characterization of energy dissipation and Reynolds stress close to surface and bottom boundaries in a way which can be easily incorporated in predictive, coarse-grid models of flow in the littoral zone under a variety of conditions. This work is complementary to other ongoing ONR funded computational (Slinn) and observational (Dhanak) studies.