Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta gene structural variants as possible risk factors of bipolar depression

The glycogen synthase kinase 3B (GSK3B) is an important target protein of several antidepressants, such as lithium, a mood stabilizer. Recent studies associated structural variations of the GSK3B gene to bipolar disorder (BP), although replications were not conclusive. Here we present data on copy number variations (CNVs) of the GSK3B gene probing the 9th exon region in 846 individuals (414 controls, 172 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 260 with BP). A significant accumulation (odds ratio: 5.5, P = 0.00051) of the amplified exon 9 region was found in patients (22 out of 432) compared to controls (4 of 414). Analyzing patient subgroups, GSK3B structural variants were found to be risk factors of BP particularly (P = 0.00001) with an odds ratio of 8.1 while no such effect was shown in the MDD group. The highest odds (19.7 ratio) for bipolar disorder was observed in females with the amplified exon 9 region. A more detailed analysis of the identified GSK3B CNV by a set of probes covering the GSK3B gene and the adjacent NR1I2 and C3orf15 genes showed that the amplified sequences contained 3′ (downstream) segments of the GSK3B and NR1I2 genes but none of them involved the C3orf15 gene. Therefore, the copy number variation of the GSK3B gene could be described as a complex set of structural variants involving partial duplications and deletions, simultaneously. In summary, here we confirmed significant association of the GSK3B CNV and bipolar disorder pointing out that the copy number and extension of the CNV varies among individuals. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Motives for Recreational Sport Participation in Greece: Implications for Planning and Provision of Sport Services

The purpose of the present study was: (a) to investigate the motives for taking part in recreational sporting activities, based on a sample of Greek sport participants, (b) to investigate demographic differences (gen der, age, level of education, marital status) in the motivational dimensions; (c) to apply the findings within the context of practical sport services delivery. Data were collected by means of a self-administered household survey conducted in an urban area in Greece, with a sample of 340 adults. A principal component analysis of the respon ses to the 26-item instrument revealed six motivational dimensions: (1) status, (2) relaxation, (3) intellectual, (4) social, (5) competition/achievement, (6) health/ fitness. Significant demographic differences in the motivational dimensions were identified. The practical implications of the results for those responsible for the delivery and management of sport related services are discussed.
Geographic access to care in Rhode Island through the use of GIS.

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the United States Department of Health and Human Services have pronounced improving access to care a public health priority. The lack of a standard algorithm for measuring access to care, however, has impeded progress. In fact, there is still debate as to whether we are overor under-producing doctors. In 1981 Penchansky and Thomas identified five dimensions of access: 1) availability, 2) accessibility, 3) affordability, 4) accommodation and 5) acceptability. Two key components are geographic access and adequacy of the physician supply, traditionally measured through provider to population ratios. Studies throughout the 1990s found that even when controlling for sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, the providerto-population ratios was a significant predictor of lower mortality from heart disease, cancer, and stroke. The ratios further predicted infant mortality, low birth weight, and poor self-reported health. Several states have used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software to analyze access to health care and to inform policy decisions. To date, GIS has not been used to assess access in Rhode Island. In 2008, the Rhode Island AHEC (Rhode Island Area Health Education Center), at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, initiated the 2008 Primary Care Mapping Project. The project assessed provider to population ratios, enhanced by data on proximity to Rhode Island Public Transit Authority (RIPTA) bus lines.
Gender Differences in the Effects of Media Richness

Media richness theory argues that performance improves when team members use “richer” media for equivocal tasks. Virtually all research on media richness theory has focused on perceptions: surveys of individuals’beliefs about media rather than investigating actual performance with richer versus leaner media. This experiment studied the effects of media richness on decision making in two-person teams (all male, all female, and mixed gender) using one form of “new media” (computer-mediated communication). Participants took longer to make decisions with computer-mediated communication. Matching richness to task equivocality only resulted in better performance for the all-female teams, likely because females are more sensitive to nonverbal communication and more affected by its absence in computer-mediated communication. For remaining teams, using richer face-to-face communication did not improve performance to a greater extent for more equivocal than less equivocal tasks. Results support media richness theory only for all-female teams.
Hábitos de uso en Internet y en las redes sociales de los adolescentes españoles

The aim of this article is to study in depth the changes taking place in the habits of adolescents using online communication, particularly due to the dramatic arrival of social networks in their daily lives, and the sociocultural implications of these processes. The research methodology focuses on a self-administered questionnaire applied nationally. Based on the results of a survey of a representative national sample of 2,077 adolescents (12 to 17-year-olds), this study has sought to update the information about online practices among Spanish adolescents, specifically with regard to the remarkable development of social networks. Similarly, the behavior of both regular users of social networks and of non-regular users has been compared, with the aim of detecting the influence of social network use on general online life, and we have considered the following variables: gender, age, funding type of the educational establishment and social class. Among the main conclusions of the study, we emphasize a more intensive use of the Internet as regards time and activities by those who are more frequent users of social networks, and especially the activities they carry out to keep in touch and share content with their equals.
CONTROL OF SPATIAL BEHAVIOR BY AN UNSTABLE LANDMARK

In 5 experiments rats were required to escape from a pool of water by finding a submerged platform that varied in position from session to session. The platform was in a fixed direction and at a fixed distance from a landmark that was located in the pool. Experiments 1-3 revealed that the landmark was used as a reference point for information about the direction and the distance of the platform. In Experiments 4 and 5, the landmark and platform remained in the same place for one group but moved as one from session to session for another. Both groups were then placed in the pool for periods without the landmark and platform. Testing with the landmark then revealed that it controlled more accurate searching by the group trained with the unstable than with the static landmark. The results do not support the proposal that animals are more likely to use a static than a moving landmark as a reference point for finding a goal.
Officer selection for the Swiss Armed Forces: an evaluation of validity and fairness issues

The present study (N = 844) examined the predictive validity and fairness of the assessment center (AC) and the general mental ability (GMA) test used to select officers for the Swiss Armed Forces. We found that both selection methods predicted candidates’ academic and military performance at the end of their officer training. Furthermore, the AC had incremental validity beyond GMA, meaning that it cannot be replaced by the GMA test. Concerning the fairness of the selection methods, no significant performance differences were found between candidates from the different Swiss language regions. With one exception, no evidence for differential prediction was found, and for the single exception, the selection procedure used was not the source of the differential prediction. Thus, the AC and the GMA test were generally equally predictive for candidates from the German-speaking region as well as from the two other language regions of Switzerland. Taken together, the present study attests to the good predictive .
"Meta Interpretation": A Method for the Interpretive Synthesis of Qualitative Research

Die Anerkennung der Bedeutung von guter Forschungssynthese lasst sich fast ein halbes Jahrhundert zuruck datieren (WRIGHT MILLS 1959), obgleich erst viel spater spezifische Methoden hierfur entwickelt wurden. NOBLIT und HARE (1988) begrunden das Auftauchen solcher Methoden mit den Mangeln traditioneller Abhandlungen, die einen Literaturuberblick verschaffen sollen. Obwohl sie einen bereichsspezifischen Uberblick geben, bleiben sie – in den Augen sowohl der Positivisten wie der Anhanger einer interpretativen Wissenschaftsauffassung – oft deskriptiv und konnen kaum zu einem Verstandnis der beschriebenen Studien beitragen. Der Zweck des vorliegenden Beitrags besteht darin, eine Methode fur die "Meta-Interpretation" vorzuschlagen, die auf die interpretative Synthese qualitativer Forschung zielt und auf diese Weise eine interpretative Erkenntnistheorie stutzt, die mit der Mehrheit der qualitativen Primarforschungsansatze ubereinstimmt. Der Beitrag enthalt und bewertet acht Forschungsmethoden oder -ansatze, die eine Art der Synthese verkorpern (Literaturuberblick, systematischer Uberblick, Meta-Analyse, Meta-Ethnographie, Grounded Theory, Fallvergleichsmethode, Sekundaranalyse von Primardaten und interpretative phanomenologische Analyse). Die zentralen Merkmale eines jeden Ansatzes werden ausgefuhrt und ihre Implikationen fur die Konstruktion des Meta-Interpretations-Ansatzes diskutiert. In der Folge skizziert der Beitrag eine mogliche Vorgehensweise fur die Meta-Interpretation, um dann mit einigen Bemerkungen zu den Synthesefunktionen im Allgemeinen und der Meta-Interpretation im Besonderen abzuschliesen. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0501375
The application of remote sensing technique in land resource investigation and management

The information that from ground observation made by using remote sensing technique is a kind of electromagnetic reflection and radiation. The images obtained by remote sensing technique can comprehensively, objectively, truly record the surface landscape and ground objects, showing their respective shape, size, pattern, color and so on. In this paper, through the two applications for detailed analysis of remote sensing technique in land Resource investigation and land resource management, and illustrates the importance of the remote sensing technique in improving the efficiency of land resource investigation and land management capabilities. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of remote sensing technique are pointed out.
Social Networks as Practical Classrooms: A Study of Language Change and its Impact on ELT

Social Networks and Language Change are an important area of study in today’s world. The present study discusses the user friendly nature of Social Networks and how it is of interest to teachers and researchers as it exemplifies the Communicative Approach to the teaching of a language. This study posits that social networks have not only changed the individuals’ linguistic behaviour but also made it easy for him/her to acquire facility in a language in a relatively short span of time. The easy accessibility of these networks and their flexible language norms in diverse situations has initiated people into a language. In the context of India it has been seen that the fewer the language norms a person is asked to follow the better s/he conforms to the interaction norm in the virtual community at first and in the society subsequently. Ben Zimmer (2009.Web)) in his Virtual Thesaurus writes that language in the forums like Twitter and Facebook changed the word “friend into a transitive verb to describe the act of adding someone to an online list of acquaintances. ” and that there are a list of un-verbs which are redefining the English word formation rules such as ‘unfollow a post’ or ‘unlike an update’. Further the study explicates this phenomenon within a pragmatic framework which provides a set of rules governing conversation and the social use of language enabling a communicative approach to the teaching of language.
An ultrastructural and a cytochemical study of candidal invasion of reconstituted human oral epithelium.

BACKGROUND Opportunistic yeast, Candida albicans causes superficial and systemic mycoses in compromised patients. Adhesion to host tissues, morphogenesis and extracellular phospholipases (PL) are thought to contribute to its virulence. The nature of numerous host-parasite interactions at the invasive phase of oral candidiasis is not fully understood. Hence in this study, we explore the ultrastructural features of oral candidiasis using a tissue culture model based on reconstituted human oral epithelium (RHOE). METHODS Reconstituted human oral epithelium (Skinethic Laboratory, Nice, France) was inoculated with C. albicans SC5314 and incubated up to 48 h. The infected tissue was harvested at 12, 24 and 48 h and examined using light, scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Localized activity of PLs of C. albicans during tissue invasion was also examined using a cytochemical method. RESULTS Over a period of 48 h C. albicans invaded the RHOE, and histological examination revealed characteristic hallmarks of pathological tissue invasion. Hyphal penetration into the superficial epithelium, particularly at cell junctions, together with features of cellular internalization of yeasts was noted. Phospholipase activity was visible at the tips of hyphae and initial sites of bud formation. Further, SEM studies revealed cavitations on the surface epithelial cells particularly pronounced at the sites of hyphal invasion. Hyphal invasion was seen both at cell surfaces and intercellular cell junctions of the epithelium, the latter resembling thigmotropic behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm that multiple cellular interactions such as internalization, thigmotropism and extracellular PLs contribute to invasive candidiasis. The RHOE model, described here, appears to be a satisfactory model for the investigation of ultrastructural and histochemical features of invasive candidiasis in humans.
Similarity and emergence in conceptual combination

The influence of similarity on emergence in interpretations of conceptual combinations was assessed. Participants wrote two definitions for each of eight similar and eight dissimilar word pairs and then listed the important features of each definition. Those features were compared with the features collected from a different group of participants who listed the characteristic properties of the parent concepts presented individually. Features listed for the combinations but not for the parent concepts separately were considered emergent. Similar pairs led to fewer emergent features than dissimilar pairs, and first attempts at defining the combinations produced fewer emergent features than second attempts. Definitions of similar pairs more often assigned a property of one concept to the other, whereas definitions of dissimilar pairs more often identified a thematic relation between the concepts. Similar pairs and first attempts also had higher proportions of features from within the structural alignments of the combinations’ parent concepts. The results are consistent with the influence of structural alignment on conceptual combination and with a “quick fix” hypothesis. Members of similar pairs, which could easily be aligned, facilitated the identification of a property of the modifier to project onto the head noun, and their compatible structures required little emergent modification to incorporate the projected property. Dissimilar pairs, whose structures were less readily alignable, provided fewer projectible properties, required more emergent modification to incorporate them, and more often required participants to go beyond the alignable properties of the parent concepts to achieve coherent interpretations. On second definitions, participants may have pursued less satisfactory secondary alignments that led to less property projection more emergent features. © 2001 Academic Press
Effect of dietary alpha-linolenate/linoleate balance on brain lipid compositions and learning ability of rats.

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive control, Wistar/Kyoto (WKY) rats through two generations were fed a semipurified diet supplemented either with safflower oil (rich in linoleate) or with perilla oil (rich in alpha-linolenate). The cerebral lipid contents and phospholipid compositions did not differ between the two dietary groups of SHR rats. There were also no differences in the unsaturated/saturated ratios of individual phospholipids or the proportions of plasma-logens. However, the proportions of (n-3) and (n-6) fatty acids were significantly different. Decreases in the proportions of docosahexaenoate [22:6 (n-3)] in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine in the safflower oil group were compensated for with increases in the proportions of docosatetraenoic [22:4 (n-6)] and docosapentaenoic [22:5 (n-6)] acids as compared with the perilla oil group. These differences in phospholipid acyl chains were much smaller than the difference in the proportions of linoleate and alpha-linolenate of the diets. In a brightness-discrimination learning test, the total number of responses to the positive and negative stimuli were less in the groups fed perilla oil. However, the alpha-linolenate-deficient group took longer to decrease the frequency of R- responses and therefore longer to learn the discrimination. Consequently, the correct response ratios were higher in the perilla oil groups than in the safflower oil groups. Thus, the dietary alpha-linolenate/linoleate balance influenced the (n-3)/(n-6) balance of polyenoic fatty acids differently among brain phospholipids. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prevalence of dental caries in 5-year-old Greek children and the use of dental services: evaluation of socioeconomic, behavioural factors and living conditions.

OBJECTIVES To assess dental caries and use of dental services experience in 5-year-old children attending public kindergartens in Attica, Greece and to examine the influence of certain socioeconomic factors and living conditions as well as dental behaviours and attitudes. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a random and stratified sample of 605 Greek children was examined using decayed, missing, filled tooth surfaces and simplified debris indices. The use of dental services was measured by children's dental visits (any dental visit up to the age of 5 years). Care Index was also calculated. Risk indicators were assessed by a questionnaire. Zero-inflated Poisson and Logistic Regression Analysis were generated to test statistical significant associations. RESULTS The prevalence of dental caries was 16.5%. Care Index was 32% and dental visits were reported for the 84% of the children. Medium Socio-Economic Level (SEL) was associated with no detectable caries. High SEL was related to decreased decayed, missing, filled teeth values, while female gender and rented houses had the opposite effect. The age of the mother (35-39 years) and the higher SEL were related to higher levels of dental services use. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that there are differences in the experience of dental caries and use of dental services among preschool children in Attica, which are related to demographic, socioeconomic factors and living conditions. Dental public polices should focus on groups with specific characteristics in order to improve oral health levels of disease-susceptible populations.
Promiscuity in an evolved pair-bonding system: Mating within and outside the Pleistocene box

Across mammals, when fathers matter, as they did for hunter-gatherers, sex-similar pair-bonding mechanisms evolve. Attachment fertility theory can explain Schmitt's and other findings as resulting from a system of mechanisms affording pair-bonding in which promiscuous seeking is part. Departures from hunter-gatherer environments (e.g., early menarche, delayed marriage) can alter dating trajectories, thereby impacting mating outside of pair-bonds.
Inhibition of ongoing responses in patients with Parkinson’s disease

Objectives: We investigated the involvement of the basal ganglia in inhibiting ongoing responses in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: Thirty two patients with PD and 31 orthopaedic controls performed the stop signal task, which allows an estimation of the time it takes to inhibit an ongoing reaction (stop signal reaction time, SSRT). Results: Patients with PD showed significantly longer SSRTs than the controls. This effect seemed to be independent of global cognitive impairment and severity of PD. Furthermore, in the PD patients, there was no significant relation between general slowing and inhibitory efficiency. Conclusions: Our results provide evidence for involvement of the basal ganglia in the inhibition of ongoing responses.
4-Chloro-N′-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide methanol monosolvate

The title compound, C15H13ClN2O3·CH3OH, was synthesized by the condensation reaction of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde with 4-chlorobenzohydrazide in methanol. The Schiff base molecule displays a trans configuration with respect to the C=N and C—N bonds. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 5.3 (2)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen-bond interactions into chains running parallel to the a axis. An intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond is observed.
Redes e Cooperação na Destinação Turística de Urubici/SC

Este trabalho de carater descritivo tem como objetivo geral analisar as relacoes entre os atores pertencentes a uma rede interorganizacional na destinacao turistica de Urubici. A construcao do trabalho tem como alicerce tres bases especificas: redes, cooperacao e competitividade. De maneira especifica sao abordadas as relacoes entre o setor privado, publico e entidades relacionados com a atividade turistica que utilizam a cooperacao para a competitividade dos atores sociais envolvidos, atraves dos construtos das redes interorganizacionais. O metodo utilizado foi de cunho descritivo, atraves de pesquisa bibliografica de dados secundarios, seguida de coleta censitaria de dados primarios. Nao foi possivel apontar a existencia de rede interorganizacional entre as organizacoes do turismo local.