Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-Segment Versus Short-Segment Pedicle Screw Fixation Including Fractured Vertebrae for the Management of Unstable Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures

Background For the treatment of unstable thoracolumbar fractures, this study compared the results of short-segment fixation with fracture level inclusion (SSFIFL) with long-segment pedicle fixation (LSPF). Methodology In this prospective case series study conducted from January 2015 to January 2019, 80 patients with partial spinal cord lesions were investigated. For the comparison, two groups of 40 patients each were chosen and treated with SSFIFL and LSPF. The outcomes were measured using pre and postoperative radiological parameters and clinical parameters. The radiographic variables included the kyphotic angle with loss of correction, kyphotic deformation, and the Beck index. Mean blood loss, operative time, and cost-effectiveness were also examined for clinical indicators such as the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Results There were no substantial variations between the groups regarding age or gender, trauma etiology, fracture level, or fracture pattern. Between the two categories, there appeared to be no notable change in radiological indicators such as kyphotic angle, kyphotic deformation, and Beck index at the end of follow-up (p = 0.120, 0.360, and 0.776, respectively). Both groups had similar neurological outcomes (p = 0.781). In terms of ODI and VAS, statistically, there was no discernible difference (p = 0.567 and 0.161, respectively). In this study, however, there was less surgical time, blood loss, and implant cost (p = 0.05). Conclusions When fracture level is included in a short-segment fixation, the radiological and clinical results are comparable to long-segment posterior fixation. Ultimately, this treatment has proven to be not only a motion segment-saving procedure but also cost-effective.
The association between day-to-day stress experiences, recovery, and work engagement among office workers in academia–An Ecological Momentary Assessment study

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the associations between day-to-day work-related stress exposures (i.e., job demands and lack of job control), job strain, and next-day work engagement among office workers in academic settings. Additionally, we assessed the influence of psychological detachment and relaxation on next-day work engagement and tested for interaction effects of these recovery variables on the relationship between work-related stressors and next-day work engagement. Methods Office workers from two academic settings in Belgium and Slovenia were recruited. This study is based on an Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) with a 15-working day data collection period using our self-developed STRAW smartphone application. Participants were asked repeatedly about their work-related stressors, work engagement, and recovery experiences. Fixed-effect model testing using random intercepts was applied to investigate within- and between-participant levels. Results Our sample consisted of 55 participants and 2710 item measurements were analysed. A significant positive association was found between job control and next-day work engagement (β = 0.28, p < 0.001). Further, a significant negative association was found between job strain and next-day work engagement (β = −0.32, p = 0.05). Furthermore, relaxation was negatively associated with work engagement (β = −0.08, p = 0.03). Conclusions This study confirmed previous results, such as higher job control being associated with higher work engagement and higher job strain predicting lower work engagement. An interesting result was the association of higher relaxation after the working day with a lower next-day work engagement. Further research investigating fluctuations in work-related stressors, work engagement, and recovery experiences is required.
Quasi-perpendicular/quasi-parallel divisions of Earth's bow shock

Computer-drawn diagrams of the boundaries between quasi-perpendicular and quasi-parallel areas of Earth's bow shock are displayed for a few selected cone angles of static interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The effect on the boundary of variable IMF in the foreshock is also discussed and shown for one nominal case. The boundaries demand caution in applying them to the realistic, dynamic conditions of the solar wind and in interpreting the effects of small cone angles on the distributions of structures at the shock. However, the calculated, first-order boundaries are helpful in defining areas of the shock where contributions from active structures inherent in quasi-parallel geometry may be distinguishable from those derived secondarily from upstream reflected ion dynamics. The boundaries are also compatible with known behavior of daytime ULF geomagnetic waves and pulsations according to models postulating that cone angle-controlled, time-dependent ULF activity around the subsolar point of the bow shock provides the source of geomagnetic excitation.
OP-EUJC220535 1..10

OBJECTIVES: There are no data on long-term outcomes beyond 30 years after the Glenn procedure without the subsequent Fontan procedure in patients with single-ventricle physiology. Hence, this study aimed to clarify the very long-term outcomes of these patients. METHODS: This single-centre, retrospective cohort study investigated the clinical outcomes of patients with single-ventricle physiology who underwent the Glenn procedure between 1970 and 1999. Those who underwent the subsequent Fontan procedure were excluded. The primary outcome was all-cause death. The secondary outcome was a composite of all-cause death, arrhythmic events, neurological events or infective endocarditis. The prognostic factors associated with the long-term outcomes were also evaluated. C O N G EN IT A L VC The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 2023, 63(2), ezac528 ORIGINAL ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezac528 Advance Access publication 2 November 2022 RESULTS: In total, 36 patients were enrolled (median age at Glenn procedure: 6.2 years, 56% male). During a median follow-up of 17.6 years (interquartile range: 6.1–33.4), 21 patients died and 29 experienced the composite outcome. The 20-, 30and 40-year overall survival after the Glenn procedure was 51.2%, 44.4% and 40.3%, respectively. The 20-, 30and 40-year event-free survival was 36.0%, 25.5% and 14.5%, respectively. Patients with dominant left ventricular morphology had better overall survival than those with dominant right ventricular morphology (hazard ratio: 0.24, 95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.76, P = 0.014). None of the patients had liver cirrhosis but 1 had protein-losing enteropathy. CONCLUSIONS: The 40-year overall survival after the Glenn procedure without the subsequent Fontan procedure in patients with single-ventricle physiology was 40.3%. Dominant left ventricular morphology may be associated with better long-term overall survival than dominant right ventricular morphology.
Universal linguistic pressures and their solutions: Evidence from Spanish

Do speakers possess universal linguistic restrictions on the sound structure of their language? We examine this question by investigating the restrictions on onset clusters (e.g., bl in block). Cross-linguistic comparisons suggest that certain onset clusters are universally preferred: Onsets like bn are preferred to bd, which, in turn, are preferred to lb. In four experiments, we demonstrate that such preferences constrain onset identification by Spanish speakers: the worst formed the onset, the more likely its misidentification. Onset structure, however, determines not only the rate of disyllabic recoding but also its type. While better-formed onsets of rising sonority are repaired epenthetically (e.g., bnif→benif), worse-formed onsets are recoded prothetically (e.g., lbif→elbif), and the choice of repair (epenthesis vs. prothesis) is modulated by linguistic experience. These findings suggest that speakers possess broad linguistic restrictions that extend to structures unattested in their language, but the response to such putatively universal pressures is experience-dependent.
The thermal effects of H 2 molecules in rotating and collapsing spheroidal gas clouds.

The thermal effect of H/sub 2/ molecules formed via the reactions H+e/sup -/. -->. H+H/sup -/, H+H/sup -/. -->. H/sub 2/+e/sup -/ has been studied for a range of uniform rotating spheroidal gas clouds undergoing pressure-free homologous collapse, with the goal of finding the Jeans mass, which governs star formation during the collapse of clouds to form galaxies. Initial conditions are those appropriate to a density perturbation which reaches maximum extension within various expanding Friedmann universes and then collapses. For collapsing spheres, H/sub 2/ cooling holds gas temperatures below 2000 K, up to densities of approx.10/sup 9/cm/sup -3/, and in the final stages of collape, the Jeans mass drops to approx.200 Msun. H/sub 2/ cooling is inhibited in the case of oblate clouds, while nonrotating prolate clouds thermally resemble spherical ones. It is found that, for prolate clouds which rotate sufficiently slowly about their long axes, the Jeans mass can become as small as 0.014 M/sub sun/ in the cases considered, suggesting an early period of formation of objects in the mass range of ordinary stars. The association of low rotation with efficient early star formation is suggestive of the supposed early history of elliptical galaxies. (AIP)
The electromagnetic properties of nanoparticle colloids at radio and microwave frequencies

The aim of this study is to investigate the electromagnetic properties of nanoparticle colloids in the frequency range 1 MHz–20 GHz, with focus on the electromagnetic absorption mechanisms at microwave frequencies. A broad range of magnetic and dielectric properties are investigated and a number of mechanisms are highlighted for tailoring the electromagnetic performance. Results from the CoxNi1−x series, with particle sizes ranging from 25 to 200 nm, show particle size-related dielectric and magnetic properties, which aid the optimization of the resulting properties, in addition to conventional mechanisms, which are also demonstrated in colloidal form. A further reduction in particle size to below 20 nm leads to single magnetic domain particles, which also exhibit enhanced electromagnetic properties, as demonstrated with broadband magnetic performance achieved for Co ferrofluid with an average particle size of 5 nm.
Lipogenesis promotes mitochondrial fusion and maintains cancer stemness in human NSCLC

Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are critically involved in cancer metastasis and chemoresistance, acting as one major obstacle in clinical practice. While accumulating studies have implicated the metabolic reprogramming of CSCs, mitochondrial dynamics in such cells remain poorly understood. Here we pinpointed OPA1hi with mitochondrial fusion as a metabolic feature of human lung CSCs, licensing their stem-like properties. Specifically, human lung CSCs exerted enhanced lipogenesis, inducing OPA1 expression via transcription factor SAM Pointed Domain containing ETS transcription Factor (SPDEF). In consequence, OPA1hi promoted mitochondrial fusion and stemness of CSCs. Such lipogenesishi, SPDEFhi, and OPA1hi metabolic adaptions were verified with primary CSCs from lung cancer patients. Accordingly, blocking lipogenesis and mitochondrial fusion efficiently impeded CSC expansion and growth of organoids derived from patients with lung cancer. Together, lipogenesis regulates mitochondrial dynamics via OPA1 for controlling CSCs in human lung cancer.
Construction of High-Rate, Reliable Space-Time Codes

The paradigm of “space-time coding”, introduced in 1998, involves the use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver for communication across a wireless channel. The advantages of using space-time codes over the wireless channel are twofold: with intelligent signal design, better reliability and higher rates can be achieved, although there is a tradeoff between the two. Two formulations which quantify the best possible reliability and rate that a spacetime code can simultaneously achieve have been recently proposed in the literature: the rate-diversity tradeoff and the diversity-multiplexing gain (D-MG) tradeoff. The ratediversity tradeoff applies in the context of a system with a fixed constellation (i.e., one that does not increase with signal to noise ratio (SNR)) and is based on pairwise error probability. The D-MG tradeoff however, is based on codeword error probability and employs an information theoretic formulation. The formulation assumes that the constellation grows with SNR. Further, the D-MG tradeoff is defined under the asymptotic of very high SNR. In the initial part of this thesis, we will present an explicit construction of minimaldelay (square) space-time codes that achieve the D-MG tradeoff for arbitrary number of transmit and receive antennas. The tradeoff optimality of this construction is concluded from a recently proposed sufficient condition, which is part of a joint work that does not appear in this thesis. The sufficient condition, in conjunction with the constructions presented in this thesis, constitutes the first solution to the problem of providing explicit constructions of space-time codes that achieve the D-MG tradeoff for arbitrary number of transmit and receive antennas. The constructions presented in this thesis are based on
A Model Identification Approach Using MINLP Techniques

The present paper presents an approach of identifying the structure of a dynamic system using Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) techniques. It is shown that the problem can be tackled by minimizing, for example, Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC). The presented techniques are applied in determining the structure and the parameters of some illustrative Auto- Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) time series. The example problems are solved using the Extended Cutting Plane (ECP) method.
Efficient PCA-driven EAs and metamodel-assisted EAs, with applications in turbomachinery

This article presents methods to enhance the efficiency of Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs), particularly those assisted by surrogate evaluation models or metamodels. The gain in efficiency becomes important in applications related to industrial optimization problems with a great number of design variables. The development is based on the principal components analysis of the elite members of the evolving EA population, the outcome of which is used to guide the application of evolution operators and/or train dependable metamodels/artificial neural networks by reducing the number of sensory units. Regarding the latter, the metamodels are trained with less computing cost and yield more relevant objective function predictions. The proposed methods are applied to constrained, single- and two-objective optimization of thermal and hydraulic turbomachines.
Rotating fields and flux pinning

C P Bean recently gave a solution to the problem of a mixed-state super-conductor in a rotating field. This was a quasistatic critical-state solution. In the present paper it is shown how, when the product of the frequency and the square of the amplitude of the rotating field exceeds a certain value, Bean's solution must be modified to take account of dynamic effects (flux creep and flux flow). For isotropic materials the rotating-field problem is simpler than the alternating-field problems, and certain exact solutions can be found covering the entire range from critical-state to flux-flow con-ditions. There follows a discussion of the low-amplitude response, which requires a special description differing from the critical state and from the flux-flow state. A final section of the paper reviews the analogous alternating-field problems, elaborating some ideas recently put forward by A M Campbell. The approach throughout is macroscopic and phenomenological, and the problem is reduced to its simplest form so as to involve a minimum number of variables.
The impact of accuracy and precision of analytical test methods on the determination of withdrawal periods

Abstract Treatment of food-producing animals with veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) can result in residues in foodstuffs (e.g. eggs, meat, milk, or honey) representing a potential consumer health risk. To ensure consumer safety, worldwide regulatory concepts for setting safe limits for residues of VMPs e.g. as tolerances (US) or maximum residue limits (MRLs, EU) are used. Based on these limits so-called withdrawal periods (WP) are determined. A WP represents the minimum period of time required between the last administration of the VMP and the marketing of foodstuff. Usually, WPs are estimated using regression analysis based on residue studies. With high statistical confidence (usually 95% in the EU and 99% in the US) the residues in almost all treated animals (usually 95%) have to be below MRL when edible produce is harvested. Here, uncertainties from both sampling and biological variability are taken into account but uncertainties of measurement associated with the analytical test methods are not systematically considered. This paper describes a simulation experiment to investigate the extent to which relevant sources of measurement uncertainty (accuracy and precision) can impact the length of WPs. A set of real residue depletion data was artificially ‘contaminated’ with measurement uncertainty related to permitted ranges for accuracy and precision. The results show that both accuracy and precision had a noticeable effect on the overall WP. Due consideration of sources of measurement uncertainty may improve the robustness, quality and reliability of calculations upon which regulatory decisions on consumer safety of residues are based.
Coherent observation operators for surface data assimilation with application to snow depth

Abstract A method to derive observation operators for surface data assimilation is presented. It is based on a statistical modeling of the physical processes behavior near the surface. It provides a general framework to design such observation operators. The method avoids the problems that arise with vertical interpolation and extrapolation due to the difference between real orography and model orography. Examples are given for surface temperature and snow depth analysis. The last example is then implemented in the French global operational model Arpege, and full data assimilation experiments are presented with and without the snow-depth observation operational. The impact of the method is positive, and its amplitude is compared with the one produced by another common model change, namely physical parameterizations modification.
Behavioral and Neural Trajectories of Risk Taking for Peer and Parent in Adolescence

Abstract One feature of adolescence is a rise in risk-taking behaviors, whereby the consequences of adolescents' risky action often impact their immediate surrounding such as their peers and parents (vicarious risk taking). Yet, little is known about how vicarious risk taking develops, particularly depending on who the risk affects and the type of risky behavior. In a 3-wave longitudinal fMRI study, 173 adolescents completed 1–3 years of a risky decision-making task where they took risks to win money for their best friend and parent (n with behavioral and fMRI data ranges from 139–144 and 100–116 participants, respectively, per wave). Results of this preregistered study suggest that adolescents did not differentially take adaptive (sensitivity to the expected value of reward during risk taking) and general (decision-making when the expected values of risk taking and staying safe are equivalent) risks for their best friend and parent from sixth to ninth grade. At the neural level, preregistered ROI analyses revealed no differences in the ventral striatum and ventromedial pFC during general nor adaptive risk taking for best friend versus parent over time. Furthermore, exploratory longitudinal whole-brain analyses revealed subthreshold differences between best friend and parent trajectories within regulatory regions during general vicarious risk taking and social-cognitive regions during adaptive vicarious risk taking. Our findings demonstrate that brain regions implicated in cognitive control and social-cognitive processes may distinguish behaviors involving peers and parents over time.
A neuron model with unbalanced synaptic weights explains the asymmetric effects of anaesthesia on the auditory cortex

Substantial progress in the field of neuroscience has been made from anaesthetized preparations. Ketamine is one of the most used drugs in electrophysiology studies, but how ketamine affects neuronal responses is poorly understood. Here, we used in vivo electrophysiology and computational modelling to study how the auditory cortex of bats responds to vocalisations under anaesthesia and in wakefulness. In wakefulness, acoustic context increases neuronal discrimination of natural sounds. Neuron models predicted that ketamine affects the contextual discrimination of sounds regardless of the type of context heard by the animals (echolocation or communication sounds). However, empirical evidence showed that the predicted effect of ketamine occurs only if the acoustic context consists of low-pitched sounds (e.g., communication calls in bats). Using the empirical data, we updated the naïve models to show that differential effects of ketamine on cortical responses can be mediated by unbalanced changes in the firing rate of feedforward inputs to cortex, and changes in the depression of thalamo-cortical synaptic receptors. Combined, our findings obtained in vivo and in silico reveal the effects and mechanisms by which ketamine affects cortical responses to vocalisations.