Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gene Expression in a Drosophila Model of Mitochondrial Disease

Background A point mutation in the Drosophila gene technical knockout (tko), encoding mitoribosomal protein S12, was previously shown to cause a phenotype of respiratory chain deficiency, developmental delay, and neurological abnormalities similar to those presented in many human mitochondrial disorders, as well as defective courtship behavior. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we describe a transcriptome-wide analysis of gene expression in tko25t mutant flies that revealed systematic and compensatory changes in the expression of genes connected with metabolism, including up-regulation of lactate dehydrogenase and of many genes involved in the catabolism of fats and proteins, and various anaplerotic pathways. Gut-specific enzymes involved in the primary mobilization of dietary fats and proteins, as well as a number of transport functions, were also strongly up-regulated, consistent with the idea that oxidative phosphorylation OXPHOS dysfunction is perceived physiologically as a starvation for particular biomolecules. In addition, many stress-response genes were induced. Other changes may reflect a signature of developmental delay, notably a down-regulation of genes connected with reproduction, including gametogenesis, as well as courtship behavior in males; logically this represents a programmed response to a mitochondrially generated starvation signal. The underlying signalling pathway, if conserved, could influence many physiological processes in response to nutritional stress, although any such pathway involved remains unidentified. Conclusions/Significance These studies indicate that general and organ-specific metabolism is transformed in response to mitochondrial dysfunction, including digestive and absorptive functions, and give important clues as to how novel therapeutic strategies for mitochondrial disorders might be developed.
Vascular Remodeling: Just Say NO!

textabstract“You are only as old as your endothelium”, as often stated by Paul M Vanhoutte, when opening his famous “Mechanisms of Vasodilation” meetings from 1980 onwards, highlights the importance of endothelium and the continuous process of vascular remodeling in many physiological and pathophysiological situations as embryogenesis, wound healing, tumor growth and ischemic disease. In chronic and acute cardiovascular occlusive disease, different types of vascular remodeling contribute to tissue repair and vascular growth. Firstly, collateral growth represents the expansive growth of preexisting vessels, forming collateral bridges between arterial networks. Secondly, neovascularization refers to vascular growth from a combination of three different mechanisms: vasculogenesis is the formation of blood vessels by endothelial progenitors while angiogenesis refers to capillary sprouting or intussusceptive growth and arteriogenesis to the subsequent stabilization of these new vascular structures by mural cells1. Distinct, but partially overlapping, cellular and molecular pathways drive collateral growth and neovascularization (Figure 1)2. Hypoxia is known to stimulate neovascularization in the setting of ischemia, whereas fluid shear stress (FSS) might be the most important trigger for initiation of collateral growth. Besides these specific initial triggers, all types of vascular remodeling share growth factors, chemokines, proteases, and inflammatory cells, which play different roles in promoting and refining these processes.
Dietary carotenoids, vitamins C and E, and risk of cataract in women: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVE To examine in prospective data the relation between dietary intake of carotenoids and vitamins C and E and the risk of cataract in women. DESIGN Dietary intake was assessed at baseline in 39,876 female health professionals by using a detailed food frequency questionnaire. A total of 35,551 women provided detailed information on antioxidant nutrient intake from food and supplements and were free of a diagnosis of cataract. The main outcome measure was cataract, defined as an incident, age-related lens opacity responsible for a reduction in best-corrected visual acuity in the worse eye to 20/30 or worse based on self-report confirmed by medical record review. RESULTS A total of 2031 cases of incident cataract were confirmed during a mean of 10 years of follow-up. Comparing women in the extreme quintiles, the multivariate relative risk of cataract was 0.82 (95% confidence interval, 0.71-0.95; test for trend, P = .04) for lutein/zeaxanthin and 0.86 (95% confidence interval, 0.74-1.00; test for trend, P = .03) for vitamin E from food and supplements. CONCLUSION In these prospective observational data from a large cohort of female health professionals, higher dietary intakes of lutein/zeaxanthin and vitamin E from food and supplements were associated with significantly decreased risks of cataract.
HF characterisation of sub-100nm UTB-FDSOI with TiN/HfO2 gate stack

For the first time, the high frequency (HF) performance of an ultra-thinned body (UTB) fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) incorporating TiN/HfO2 gate stack is reported. UTB-FDSOI with longer unit width Wu (same total width Wtot) features (results in) higher gm leading to better HF performance. Despite of the mobility degradation due to the quality of the interface between the high-K dielectric and silicon, the measured transition frequency (fT) still correspond well to that predicted from the ITRS roadmap, and can also be considered as the first ever experimental fT measured fit for the Low STand-by Power (LSTP)-based RF/mobile application.
Pathology of Meniere's Disease

From review of recent findings, the pathology of Meniere's disease is described and correlated with clinical signs. Since Meniere's disease can be seen only in humans, assessing its natural history is important. A recent survey of 500 patients demonstrated the three major symptoms to be vestibular, auditory, and aural pressure. Meniere's disease (idiopathic) is distinguished from Meniere's syndrome (symptoms with likely cause), which accounted for approximately one fourth of the patients. Atypical forms include vestibular and cochlear Meniere's disease. A recent review of our temporal bone collection and detailed study of the pathological conditions of 134 temporal bones described in the literature revealed characteristic pathological findings. Patients with clear-cut histories of Meniere's disease may demonstrate little or no endolymphatic hydrops at death. Nevertheless, hydrops of the pars inferior remains the most significant pathological correlate of Meniere's disease. On the basis of these findings, the pathogenesis of the disease (malabsorption of endolymph) and the pathophysiology of the symptoms (physical and chemical) are discussed.
Isolated neurosarcoidosis mimicking multifocal meningiomas: a diagnosis pitfall

Introduction:Neurosarcoidosis accounts for approximately 5% of the sarcoidosis, which develops exclusively in the nervous system and is always difficult to diagnose. We describe a rare case of isolated neurosarcoidosis mimicking as multifocal meningiomas. A 27-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with a history of unconsciousness and convulsion 1 month ago, which was suspected as a seizure. The results showed no abnormalities in complete blood count; serum electrolytes; erythrocyte sedimentation rate and ultrasonography of the liver, pancreas, spleen, kidney and parotid gland, and so on. Chest radiograph and electroencephalogram were also normal. Serum-angiotensin-converting enzyme slightly increased. Normal opening pressure was shown in cerebrospinal fluid sampling, which includes 8/&mgr;L white blood cells, 0.93 g/L protein, and 3.03 mmol/L glucose. Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed multifocal enhancement lesions, including left sphenoid wing region, left temporal and bilateral occipitoparietal region, which were suspected as multiple “meningioma”. A left frontotemporal craniotomy was further performed. Both necrotizing and non-necrotizing granulomas were revealed in the pathological specimen, most of which were associated with multinucleated giant cells and macrophages. We could also see the fibrosis and inflammatory reaction in the sample composed of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and plasma cells. Histopathological examination showed that the cells were positive for human CD68 (KP1), CD68 (PGM1), and CD163; however, they were negative for the AF, epithelial membrane antigen, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Tuberculosis-deoxyribonucleic acid test and special stains for acid-fast bacilli and fungi were negative. The diagnosis was finally made as isolated neurosarcoidosis. Then the patient was treated with additional corticosteroid therapy. Serial imaging examination 4 months later revealed that the lesions extremely decreased. Conclusion:The diagnosis of isolated central nervous system sarcoidosis was still difficult because of limitations of available diagnostic tests. So neurosarcoidosis in the clinical work should never be neglected.
Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies of cigarette smoking and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers

Although the American College of Gastroenterology colorectal cancer screening guidelines highlight cigarette smoking as a risk factor, cigarette smoking is still an arguably underappreciated risk factor for this disease, especially for its subsites: colon cancer (CC) and rectal cancer (RC). A literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed up to 30 April 2013 for prospective cohort studies. A random-effects meta-analysis was carried out to estimate the summary relative risks (SRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations. A total of 24 prospective studies, which reported data for cigarette smoking and incidence of CC and RC separately, were included. Our analysis showed that, compared with never-smokers, current smokers had a higher risk of RC than CC (CC: SRR=1.09, 95% CI, 1.01–1.18; RC: SRR=1.24, 95% CI, 1.16–1.39; PRC vs. CC=0.034), whereas former smokers had a similar risk of CC and RC. Current smokers had a significantly higher risk of proximal CC than distal CC (P=0.035). This meta-analysis suggests that cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of both CC and RC, and that the magnitude of the association is stronger for RC than that for CC.
Fabrication and Characterization of PZT Thin Film Capacitors for MMIC Applications

This paper reports on the use of thin lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films for monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) capacitors to replace existing materials for better size-reduction. The films were sputtered on Pt/Ti/SiO2 coated, undoped silicon wafers. Square Pt electrodes with sides ranging from 10 mum to 50 mum were patterned on the PZT layers to form the capacitors. Results of this study show that PZT thin films can be utilized for efficient size reduction in MMIC. The linewidth obtained for a 50 Omega transmission line is merely 300 nm - this results in a size reduction of approximately five times compared to conventional MMIC. For a 50 times 50 mum electrode area, capacitance values ranging from 5 to 20 pF were obtained at frequencies up to 20 GHz. Suitable de-embedding of S parameters using Cascade microwave probes revealed films with relative permittivities of the order of 100 to 500
Response of an aerosol mass spectrometer to organonitrates and organosulfates and implications for atmospheric chemistry

Organonitrates (ON) are important products of gas-phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds in the troposphere; some models predict, and laboratory studies show, the formation of large, multifunctional ON with vapor pressures low enough to partition to the particle phase. Organosulfates (OS) have also been recently detected in secondary organic aerosol. Despite their potential importance, ON and OS remain a nearly unexplored aspect of atmospheric chemistry because few studies have quantified particulate ON or OS in ambient air. We report the response of a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) to aerosol ON and OS standards and mixtures. We quantify the potentially substantial underestimation of organic aerosol O/C, commonly used as a metric for aging, and N/C. Most of the ON-nitrogen appears as ions in the AMS, which are typically dominated by inorganic nitrate. Minor organonitrogen ions are observed although their identity and intensity vary between standards. We evaluate the potential for using fragment ratios, organonitrogen ions, ions, the ammonium balance of the nominally inorganic ions, and comparison to ion-chromatography instruments to constrain the concentrations of ON for ambient datasets, and apply these techniques to a field study in Riverside, CA. OS manifests as separate organic and sulfate components in the AMS with minimal organosulfur fragments and little difference in fragmentation from inorganic sulfate. The low thermal stability of ON and OS likely causes similar detection difficulties for other aerosol mass spectrometers using vaporization and/or ionization techniques with similar or larger energy, which has likely led to an underappreciation of these species.
Simple Affine Extractors Using Dimension Expansion

Let $\F$ be the field of $q$ elements. An \emph{\afsext{n}{k}} is a mapping $D:\F^n\ar\B$ such that for any $k$-dimensional affine subspace $X\subseteq \F^n$, $D(x)$ is an almost unbiased bit when $x$ is chosen uniformly from $X$. Loosely speaking, the problem of explicitly constructing affine extractors gets harder as $q$ gets smaller and easier as $k$ gets larger. This is reflected in previous results: When $q$ is `large enough', specifically $q= \Omega(n^2)$, Gabizon and Raz \cite{GR05} construct affine extractors for any $k\geq 1$. In the `hardest case', i.e. when $q=2$, Bourgain \cite{Bour05} constructs affine extractors for $k\geq \delta n$ for any constant (and even slightly sub-constant) $\delta>0$. Our main result is the following: Fix any $k\geq 2$ and let $d = 5n/k$. Then whenever $q>2\cdot d^2$ and $p=char(\F)>d$, we give an explicit \afsext{n}{k}. For example, when $k=\delta n$ for constant $\delta>0$, we get an extractor for a field of constant size $\Omega(\left(\frac{1}{\delta}\right)^2)$. We also get weaker results for fields of arbitrary characteristic (but can still work with a constant field size when $k=\delta n $ for constant $\delta > 0$). Thus our result may be viewed as a `field-size/dimension' tradeoff for affine extractors. For a wide range of $k$ this gives a new result, but even for large $k$ where we do not improve (or even match) the previous result of \cite{Bour05}, we believe that our construction and proof have the advantage of being very simple: Assume $n$ is prime and $d$ is odd, and fix any non-trivial linear map $T:\F^n\mapsto \F$. Define $QR:\F\mapsto \B$ by $QR(x)=1$ if and only if $x$ is a quadratic residue. Then, the function $D:\F^n\mapsto \B$ defined by $D(x)\triangleq QR(T(x^d))$ is an \afsext{n}{k}. Our proof uses a result of Heur, Leung and Xiang \cite{HLX02} giving a lower bound on the dimension of products of subspaces.
ESTIMATING DETECTION PROBABILITY PARAMETERS FOR PLETHODON SALAMANDERS USING THE ROBUST CAPTURE–RECAPTURE DESIGN

Abstract Recent concern over global amphibian population declines has highlighted a need for more extensive, rigorous monitoring programs. Two sources of variation, spatial variation and variation in detection probability, make the design and implementation of effective monitoring programs difficult. We used Pollock's robust design in a 3-year capture–recapture study to estimate detection probability and temporary emigration for Plethodon salamanders in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Tennessee/North Carolina), USA. We used 12 competing models to determine the importance of temporary emigration, and we explored temporal and behavioral effects on conditional capture probabilities. The top 4 models all included random temporary emigration, and Akaike model weights indicated that this parameter was the most important. Models that contained behavioral effects in capture probabilities were selected more often than models with equal capture probabilities for marked and previously unmarked individuals. The “best” model contained random emigration and behavioral effects and was selected 4 times as often as any other model. When we included Markovian emigration, the probability of emigrating from the surface usually was less than the probability of remaining an emigrant (73% of site-years). Markovian emigration estimates often were similar and always had overlapping confidence intervals, thus the Markovian model rarely was chosen over the random emigration models (only 9.6% of site-years). Our study is the first to formally estimate temporary emigration in terrestrial salamander populations, and our results verify that significant proportions of terrestrial salamander populations are subterranean. We determined that the probability of capturing salamanders on the surface may also vary temporally within a sampling season. Therefore, we caution against using unadjusted count indices to compare salamander populations over time or space unless detection probabilities are estimated. Temporary emigration models will improve abundance estimates when a large proportion of the population is unavailable for capture during a given sampling period.
Does borrowers' information renewal change lenders' decision in P2P lending?: an empirical investigation

Since the concept of online P2P lending had been introduced, lots of people can make financial transaction without the help of official financial institutions. P2P lending Intermediary services such as Propser have acquired millions of users and their business is still growing. P2P lending provides low credit people an opportunity to make loans by aggregating small sums of money. However, there exists an information asymmetry between lenders and borrowers due to the characteristics of the online environment. For this reason, it is hard to success lending trials at a first try and borrowers continuously update their information by retrying lending requests. Our research focuses on what information borrowers try to update by retrying lending requests. We collect log data of lending auctions in one popular P2P lending site and find the difference of borrowers' information states between the first and second trial of lending auctions by discriminant analysis. We also perform logistic regression and determine the relationship between lenders' loan decisions and borrowers' information update. Our research finds that borrowers try to update information which can increase their network reputations, but lenders, on the other hand, are primarily interested in information that increases the borrowers' credit level.
Critical points of functions, sl_2 representations, and Fuchsian differential equations with only univalued solutions

Let a second order Fuchsian differential equation with only univalued solutions have finite singular points at z_1, . , z_n with exponents (a_1,b_1), . , (a_n,b_n). Let the exponents at infinity be (A,B). Then for fixed generic z_1,. ,z_n, the number of such Fuchsian equations is equal to the multiplicity of the irreducible sl_2 representation of dimension |A-B| in the tensor product of irreducible sl_2 representations of dimensions |a_1-b_1|, >. , |a_n-b_n|. To show this we count the number of critical points of a suitable function which plays the crucial role in constructions of the hypergeometric solutions of the sl_2 KZ equation and of the Bethe vectors in the sl_2 Gaudin model. As a byproduct of this study we conclude that the Bethe vectors form a basis in the space of states for the sl_2 inhomogeneous Gaudin model.
Alcohol and hypertension: an old relationship revisited.

( Received 4 May 2005; first review notified 11 July 2005; in revised form 20 September 2005; accepted 21 September 2005 ) The American comedian Henny Youngman (1906–1998) once said, ‘When I read about the evils of drinking, I gave up reading. ’ Ironic, but interestingly as though with a sense of foresight, he did not speak of giving up drinking! It is despite the fact that alcohol is responsible for increased illness, being causally related to more than 60 different medical conditions (Rehm et al ., 2003). Around 4% of the global disease burden is also thought to be alcohol related, which is comparable with that attributed to the effects of tobacco (4.1%) and high blood pressure (4.4%) (Ezzati et al ., 2002; WHO, 2002). For most diseases related to alcohol consumption, a dose–response relationship exists with risk of the disease increasing with greater amounts of alcohol intake, with cardiovascular disease being a possible exception. Apart from being linked to disease, alcohol is also associated with violent crime and aggression under certain circumstances (Room and Rossow, 2001). The relationship between alcohol and cardiovascular disease, especially hypertension and coronary heart disease, is not as clear-cut. In France, the prevalence of coronary artery disease is lower—although their diets and their dietary fat content remain the similar—compared with many other Western countries. This was attributed to their tradition of wine drinking and these observations led to the so-called French paradox (Renaud and de Lorgeril, 1992) and an often-used excuse to enjoy a nice Bordeaux with every meal. However, both cross-sectional and prospective epidemiological studies …
Clusterin expression in cutaneous CD30‐positive lymphoproliferative disorders and their histologic simulants

Background: Clusterin is a ubiquitous 80 kDa heterodimeric glycoprotein previously shown to be expressed on tumor cells of systemic and, to a lesser extent, primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PC‐ALCL). Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), an important differential diagnosis of ALCL, has been studied for clusterin expression in only a small number of cases. The aim of this study was to compare clusterin immunostaining patterns in LyP and other cutaneous histologic simulants with those of PC‐ALCL.
Exact Affine OBDDs

We introduce affine OBDD model and we show that exact affine OBDDs can be exponentially narrower than bounded-error quantum and classical OBDDs on some certain problems. Moreover, we consider Las-Vegas quantum and classical automata models and improve the previous gap between deterministic and probabilistic models by a factor of 2 and then follow the same gap for the known most restricted quantum model. Lastly, we follow an exponential gap between exact affine finite automata and Las-Vegas classical and quantum models.