Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling Leverage of Different Soil Properties on Selenium Water-Solubility in Soils of Southeast Europe

Selenium (Se) is a nonmetal that is essential for humans and other animals, and is considered beneficial for plants. The bioavailability of Se strongly influences its content in the food chain. Soils are the main source of Se, and their Se content primarily influences its availability, along with other soil properties. A field survey was conducted on soils of Southeast Europe, specifically in Croatia (Osijek), Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Mostar, and Prud), and Serbia (Novi Sad). Soil samples were taken from the arable soil layer (0–30 cm depth), and two types of Se availability were measured: Se extracted using pure HNO3 (SeTot) and Se readily extracted in water (SeH2O). Only soils from the Mostar area had Se concentrations above deficit levels (0.5 mg kg−1), with the highest values of cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic matter (SOM) measured as loss of ignition (LOI), total C, total N, ZnTot and CdTot. The connections between the chemical characteristics of the soil and SeH2O were investigated. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained 73.7% of the variance in the data set in the first three principal components (PCs). Using the provided data, we developed a partial least squares (PLS) regression model that predicted the amount of SeH2O in the soil, with an accuracy ranging from 77% to 90%, depending on the input data. The highest loadings in the model were observed for LOI, CEC, total C, total N, and SeTot. Our results indicate the need for biofortification in these key agricultural areas to supplement the essential dietary requirements of humans and livestock. To efficiently and economically implement biofortification measures, we recommend utilizing regression models to accurately predict the availability of Se.
A note on microwave guided propagation in the case of anomalous dispersion

A group velocity greater than that of light, in propagation through dispersive media, was theoretically predicted by Brillouin. We present a simple experiment of propagation in a waveguide, where an externally introduced absorption band originates anomalous dispersion and acts as a dispersive medium. As expected, the group velocity was greater than the light speed.
Understanding reflectance anisotropy: Surface-state signatures and bulk-related features in the optical spectrum of InP ( 001 ) ( 2 × 4 )

A detailed analysis based on first-principlescalculations with self-energy corrections is combined with photoemission spectroscopy to determine the origin of features observed in reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy ~RAS! at semiconductor surfaces. Using the InP(001)(2 34) surface as a model case we obtain quantitative agreement between slab calculations and low-temperature RAS measurements. We find the contributions to the anisotropy signal related either directly to surface states or to transitions between surface perturbed bulk wave functions. Our results demonstrate the high sensitivity of RAS to the surface structure and chemistry and show that the absorption processes causing the anisotropy signal take place in the uppermost few atomic layers of the substrate.
GICP-LOAM: Lidar Odometry and Mapping with Voxelized Generalized Iterative Closest Point

The simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) have been widely applied for mobile robots in the GPS-denied environment. However, computational efficiency and localization accuracy is still a topic for further improvement of the SLAM system. Therefore, this paper proposes a SLAM framework by applying voxelized generalized iterative closest points (VGICP), which estimates voxel distributions by aggregating the distribution of each point in the voxel. As the voxelization approach can process the optimization in parallel, it can improve the efficiency of the calculation. Specifically, edge features and planar features are extracted for each frame in this SLAM system. Furthermore, the ground points and outliers of the feature point cloud are identified and removed. In the odometry module, the VGICP method is applied to make the feature points to feature points (key2key) registration, whereas feature points to map points (key2map) registration is used in the mapping module to achieve the mapping and localization functions. The proposed method is evaluated on the KITTI odometry benchmark. Experimental results show that this SLAM method has better accuracy and real-time performance over state-of-the-art open-source methods such as the A-LOAM, LeGO-LOAM, and hdl_graph_slam. Especially, the localization error is reduced from 19.269 to 5.955, and computational performance is improved by 10.39% compared to the A-LOAM.
Effectiveness of Drama-Based Intervention in Improving Mental Health and Well-Being: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Post-Pandemic Period

As a creative form of psychotherapy, drama appears to assist individuals in the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic period in altering crisis conditions and challenging negative perspectives. Drama-based intervention is presented as an option for addressing mental health issues in clinical and general populations by utilising various multidisciplinary sources, such as psychodrama and role playing. In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis were employed to assess the impact of drama on mental health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect) were extensively searched from December 2019 to October 2022. Quality assessment and Risk of Bias tool of the Cochrane Collaboration were performed. Using a random effect model, standardised mean difference (SMD) values and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. In the final analysis, 25 studies involving 797 participants were included. The study revealed that drama-based interventions have the potential to improve mental health (e.g., trauma-related disorders) and well-being (e.g., psychological well-being), which could position drama as an adjunctive method of mental health care. This original review offered the newer, more comprehensive recommendations for drama-based intervention based on evidence.
Current marching technique for electromagnetic scattering computations

An iterative solver is used to compute the electromagnetic field scattered by perfectly conducting three-dimensional (3-D) objects of arbitrary shape. The unique solution of the dual-surface integral equation is approached by successive forward/backward calculations of the current. Convergence is very fast, giving accurate results in about a dozen iterations for convex objects. The method handles successfully single and multiple objects, convex objects, and cavities. Calculations can be carried out on a desktop computer for relatively large objects, with dimensions of ten wavelengths and more.
A measure of output gap for Italy through structural time series models

Abstract The aim of this paper is to achieve a reliable estimate of the output gap for Italy through the development of several models within the class of the unobserved component time series models. These formulations imply the decomposition of output into a trend component (the ‘potential output’) and a cycle component (the ‘output gap’). Both univariate and multivariate methods will be explored. In the former, only one measure of aggregate activity, such as GDP, is considered; in the latter, unemployment and industrial production are introduced. A comparison with alternative measures of output gap, mainly those published by international organisations, will conclude.
Evaluation of lung function in a German single center cohort of young patients with sickle cell disease using EIT and standard techniques

Background and objective Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a very common autosomal recessive hemoglobinopathy leading to multiple pulmonary complications that are closely associated with mortality. The pathophysiology of chronic pulmonary involvement is not yet fully understood and no specific therapies are available. Methods The aim of this cross-sectional study was to characterize the lung function of children and young adolescents with SCD in a German single-center cohort and to extend conventional lung function testing by the use of a new imaging method. We performed spirometry and body plethysmography in 35 children and young adults with hemoglobin SS, SC, S/β-thalassemia as well as 50 controls. These data were compared with clinical characteristics and typical laboratory parameters of hemolysis and disease activity in SCD. To identify lung inhomogeneities, for example due to atelectasis, hyperinflation, air trapping or vascular occlusions, we used the promising new method of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and calculated global inhomogeneity indices. Results Lung function of patients with SCD was significantly reduced compared to that of healthy controls. When the result was found to be pathological, the most commonly observed type of breathing disorder was classified as restrictive. Laboratory parameters showed typical features of SCD including decreased levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit and elevated levels of leucocytes, platelets, lactate dehydrogenase and total bilirubin. However, there was no correlation between blood values and reduced lung function. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) revealed no abnormalities in SCD patients compared to healthy controls. In particular, we were unable to demonstrate any regional inhomogeneities in lung ventilation. Conclusion In our study, SCD patients showed impaired lung function, with a relevant percentage of patients suffering from restrictive breathing disorder. Signs of obstruction could not be detected. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) measurements revealed no unevenness that would suggest air entrapment, blockage of blood vessels, excessive inflation, obstruction, or other forms of lung disease. Additionally, the reduction in lung function observed in SCD patients was not related to the disease severity or laboratory test results.
A computer application to finite p-groups

The first and still the best known computer application to groups exploits coset enumeration and this has been very thoroughly studied; see for instance [2] and [8]. No doubt this is because the algorithm is simple in the sense of programming. The Underlying mathematics is far from simple, touching as it does no logical difficulties akin to the word problem for groups, and this is reflected in the facts that random access to large tables is required and that there is no indication at any stage (for example when storage space is exhausted) whether the algorithm would be completed at any later stage. Efficient computation depends on choosing a subgroup of small index m in the group under examination, for group elements will be represented as permutations of degree m, and the larger m is the more tedious it will be to check properties like orders of group elements. Yet in many cases m may have to be fairly large so that the subgroup is “corefree” i.e. the representation is faithful.
Numerical Solution and Simulation of Trac Flow Problem in a Class of

In this paper, a new method for obtaining a numerical solution of the Cauchy problem for a rst order partial dierential equation which describes the trac ow on highway is suggested. For this purpose, an auxiliary problem having some advantages over the main problem, but equivalent to it, is introduced and is studied some properties of the numerical solution. Some results of the comparison of the exact and numerical solutions have been illustrated. K eywords: Trac ow. Finite dierences scheme in a class of discontinuous functions, Numerical extended solution.
A Comparison of Several Goodness-of-Fit Statistics

A study was conducted to evaluate four goodness- of-fit procedures using data simulation techniques. The procedures were evaluated using data generated ac cording to three different item response theory models and a factor analytic model. Three different distribu tions of ability were used, as were three different sam ple sizes. It was concluded that the likelihood ratio chi-square procedure yielded the fewest erroneous re jections of the hypothesis of fit, whereas Bock's chi- square procedure yielded the fewest erroneous accep tances of fit. It was found that sample sizes some where between 500 and 1,000 were best. Shifts in the mean of the ability distribution were found to cause minor fluctuations, but they did not appear to be a major issue.
An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics

OF all the works a man may set himself to write, the most difficult must surely be an elementary text-book on statistics. The writer of a text-book on almost any scientific subject has to face the difficulties resulting from a recent rapid development of the science of which he is writing, but in statistics he has the further difficulty that many practical methods have been reached by mathematical analysis that is unsuitable for an elementary text-book. Nor is this all, for the subject appeals to so many diverse interests that points simple or useful to one student are merely troublesome or inconsequent to another.An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics.By G. Udny Yule. Pp. xiii + 376. (London: C. Griffin and Co., Ltd., 1911.) Price 10s. 6d. net.
How the reliability of external competences shapes the modularization strategies of industrialized construction firms

Abstract Firms modularize as they move into industrialized construction. Prior research highlights the importance of their modularization strategies, arguing that firms can either build the competence for modularization internally or can source them externally. To understand what shapes a firm’s choice to use external competences in its modularization strategy, we studied three leading construction firms. In this multiple case study, Alpha, Beta and Gamma are leaders in Asian markets, using reinforced concrete solutions in high-rise industrialized construction. Where external competences are available, our analyses show the work firms do to make them reliable and that their choice to use external competences is shaped by their reliability. Alpha modularized in a context with little available external competences, so it built new competences in-house; Beta chose to use the externally available manufacturing and assembly competences, using standards, remote monitoring and control of product architectures to make them reliable for their use in modularization; Gamma had available competences in the external context and initially sought to use them, but reliability concerns led to it modularizing by acquiring the firms to bring these competences in-house. Our contribution is to show how ensuring the reliability of external competences shapes modularization strategies. Further, we have identified actions that firms can adopt to make external competences reliable through: (1) use of international standards, (2) quality control procedures, (3) control of product architectures, and 4) acquisition of external competences. We provide implications for practitioners and policy makers seeking to transition to industrialized construction; and discuss new areas for research.
Does Proton Pump Inhibitors Decrease the Efficacy of Palbociclib and Ribociclib in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer?

Background and Objectives: This investigation aimed to determine the impacts of concurrent proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer managed with palbociclib or ribociclib as either the initial or subsequent line of therapy option. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, patients were classified as “concurrent PPIs” if PPIs were given for at least two-thirds of the palbociclib or ribociclib therapy period, and “no concurrent PPIs” if no PPIs were given during the period of palbociclib or ribociclib therapy. Each patient was also classified as endocrine-sensitive or endocrine-resistant according to the duration of previous endocrine responses. “Concurrent PPIs” and “no concurrent PPIs” groups were compared with each other in terms of PFS. This comparison was performed for both ribociclib and palbociclib groups. Results: The research included 220 patients in total. The PFS of 57 patients on palbociclib using concomitant PPIs was 14.4 months. Among 63 patients using palbociclib without concomitant PPIs, the PFS was 15.8 months. No statistically significant difference was found with PPI use (p = 0.82). Among 29 patients using ribociclib concurrently with PPIs, the PFS was 22.4 months. Among 71 patients using ribociclib without PPIs, the PFS was 20.2 months. No statistically significant difference was found with PPI use (p = 0.40). Conclusion: The results of our investigation showed that concomitant use of the most commonly used PPIs in the study (lansoprazole, pantoprazole, and esomeprazole) with palbociclib or ribociclib did not have any detrimental effects on PFS. Where appropriate, PPIs can be used concurrently with palbociclib and ribociclib. However, the effect of PPIs on cycling-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors deserves further investigation.
Positive K-theory for finitary isomorphisms of Markov chains

We use matrices over formal power series to represent irreducible and positive recurrent Markov chains and identify a natural class of good finitary isomorphisms (magic word isomorphisms) as those arising from elementary matrix operations. This extends the positive K-theory framework which has been used for other classification problems in symbolic dynamics.
Medical history predicts phenome-wide disease onset

Current medicine falls short at providing systematic data-driven guidance to individuals and care providers. While an individual's medical history is the foundation for every medical decision in clinical practice and is routinely recorded in most health systems, the predictive potential and utility for most human diseases is largely unknown. We explored the potential of the medical history to inform on the phenome-wide risk of onset for 1,883 disease endpoints across clinical specialties. Specifically, we developed a neural network to learn disease-specific risk states from routinely collected health records of 502,460 individuals from the British UK Biobank and validated this model in the US-American All of US cohort with 229,830 individuals. In addition, we illustrated the potential in 24 selected conditions, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and diseases not formerly considered predictable from health records, such as rheumatoid arthritis and endocarditis. We show that the medical history stratifies the risk of onset for all investigated conditions across clinical specialties. For 10-year risk prediction, the medical history provided significant improvements over basic demographic predictors for 1,800 (95.6%) of the 1,883 investigated endpoints in the UK Biobank cohort. After transferring the unmodified risk models to the independent All of US cohort, we found improvements for 1,310 (83.5%) of 1,568 endpoints, demonstrating generalizability across healthcare systems and historically underrepresented groups. Finally, we found predictive information comparable with current guideline-recommended scores for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and illustrated how the risk scores could facilitate rapid response to emerging pathogenic health threats. Our study demonstrates the great potential of leveraging the medical history to provide comprehensive phenome-wide risk estimation at minimal cost. We anticipate that this approach has the potential to disrupt medical practice and decision-making, from early disease diagnosis, slowing of disease progression to interventions against preventable diseases.
A Transcriptomic Atlas of the Human Brain Reveals Genetically Determined Aspects of Neuropsychiatric Health

Imaging features associated with neuropsychiatric traits can provide valuable insights into underlying pathophysiology. Using data from the UK biobank, we perform tissue-specific TWAS on over 3,500 neuroimaging phenotypes to generate a publicly accessible resource detailing the neurophysiologic consequences of gene expression. As a comprehensive catalog of neuroendophenotypes, this resource represents a powerful neurologic gene prioritization schema that can improve our understanding of brain function, development, and disease. We show that our approach leads to highly reproducible results. Notably, genetically determined expression alone is shown here to enable high-fidelity reconstruction of brain structure and organization. We demonstrate complementary benefits of cross-tissue and single-tissue analyses towards an integrated neurobiology and provide evidence that gene expression outside the central nervous system provides unique insights into brain health. As an application, we show that over 40% of genes previously associated with schizophrenia in the largest GWAS meta-analysis causally affect neuroimaging phenotypes noted to be altered in schizophrenic patients.
Informing individualized multi-scale neural signatures of clozapine response in patients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia

Clozapine is currently the only antipsychotic with demonstrated efficacy in treatment-refractory schizophrenia (TRS). However, response to clozapine differs widely between TRS patients, and there are no available clinical or neural predictive indicators that could be used to increase or accelerate the use of clozapine in patients who stand to benefit. Furthermore, it remains unclear how the neuropharmacology of clozapine contributes to its therapeutic effects. Identifying the mechanisms underlying clozapine's therapeutic effects across domains of symptomatology could be crucial for development of new optimized therapies for TRS. Here, we present results from a prospective neuroimaging study that quantitatively related heterogeneous patterns of clinical clozapine response to neural functional connectivity at baseline. We show that we can reliably capture specific dimensions of clozapine clinical response by quantifying the full variation across item-level clinical scales, and that these dimensions can be mapped to neural features that are sensitive to clozapine-induced symptom change. Lastly, we related the response-relevant neural maps to spatial expression profiles of genes coding for receptors implicated in clozapine's pharmacology, demonstrating that distinct dimensions of clozapine symptom-informed neural features may be associated with specific receptor targets. Collectively, this study informs prognostic neuro-behavioral measures for clozapine as a more optimal treatment for selected patients with TRS. We provide support for the identification of neuro-behavioral targets linked to pharmacological efficacy that can be further developed to inform optimal early treatment decisions in schizophrenia.