Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An experiment with a modified whole language approach in first‐grade classrooms

Abstract The “whole language” movement is the most discussed trend in language arts education today. Most educators resonate with classroom practices proposed by whole language advocates. Some, however, believe that the position taken against the direct teaching of phonics skills by whole language enthusiasts is ill‐advised, especially for first‐grade children. A recent review of studies comparing whole language approaches with basal approaches suggests that whole language approaches may not be as effective as basals in helping students master the word recognition skills prerequisite to effective comprehension. A modified whole language approach, focusing more directly on word recognition skills, was developed, implemented, and tested in three first‐grade classrooms in Provo, Utah. Nine of ten characteristics generally associated with whole language approaches were kept intact in the modified program. However, a daily 15‐minute period of total class phonics instruction was added to the program, which is n.
Hydrogen Sulfide-Mediated Polyamines and Sugar Changes Are Involved in Hydrogen Sulfide-Induced Drought Tolerance in Spinacia oleracea Seedlings

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a newly appreciated participant in physiological and biochemical regulation in plants. However, whether H2S is involved in the regulation of plant responses to drought stress remains unclear. Here, the role of H2S in the regulation of drought stress response in Spinacia oleracea seedlings is reported. First, drought stress dramatically decreased the relative water content (RWC) of leaves, photosynthesis, and the efficiency of PSII. Moreover, drought caused the accumulation of ROS and increased the MDA content. However, the application of NaHS counteracted the drought-induced changes in these parameters. Second, NaHS application increased the water and osmotic potential of leaves. Additionally, osmoprotectants such as proline and glycinebetaine (GB) content were altered by NaHS application under drought conditions, suggesting that osmoprotectant contributes to H2S-induced drought resistance. Third, the levels of soluble sugars and polyamines (PAs) were increased differentially by NaHS application in S. oleracea seedlings. Moreover, several genes related to PA and soluble sugar biosynthesis, as well as betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (SoBADH), choline monooxygenase (SoCMO), and aquaporin (SoPIP1;2), were up-regulated by H2S under drought stress. These results suggest that H2S contributes to drought tolerance in S. oleracea through its effect on the biosynthesis of PAs and soluble sugars. Additionally, GB and trehalose also play key roles in enhancing S. oleracea drought resistance.
DOING IT ALL: THE EFFECTS OF GENDER, RANK, AND DEPARTMENT CLIMATE ON WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT FOR FACULTY AT LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGES

Purpose – This research examined the effects of gender, home demands, and work demands on work–family conflict (WFC) for faculty at two liberal arts colleges. Methodology – A work climate survey was sent to the entire population of 341 tenured and tenure-track faculty at two small highly selective private liberal arts colleges, one formerly all male and the other formerly all female. The response rate was 70%, yielding 237 respondents. Faculty were compared by gender using t-tests and by gender and discipline using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Multiple regression was used to examine factors contributing to faculty WFC. Findings – Gender, rank, and department climate were significantly associated with WFC. In contrast, caregiving responsibilities, college of employment, and discipline did not have significant relationships with WFC. Controlling for caregiving, employment at a formerly all-male college, working in a STEM discipline, and department climate did not reduce the effect of gender on WFC. Women faculty reported more WFC than their male counterparts, while full professors reported less than their junior colleagues. Good department climate overall as well as high scores on all three subscales individually (affective, instrumental, and cognitive) reduced WFC. Research limitations – This research project is a cross-sectional, observational study, which limits the interpretation of direction of effect in most cases. Practical implications – Results suggest that more supportive department climates could reduce WFC for faculty struggling to balance their personal and professional lives.
Blood Flow in Its Context: Combining 3D B-Mode and Color Doppler Ultrasonic Data

Visualization of volumetric multicomponent data sets is a high-dimensional problem, especially for color data. Medical 3D ultrasound (US) technology has rapidly advanced during the last few decades and scanners can now generate joint 3D scans of tissues (B-mode) and blood flow (power or color Doppler) in real time. Renderings of such data sets have to comprehensively convey both the relevant structures of the tissues that form the context for blood flow, as well as the distribution of blood flow itself. The narrow field of view in US data, which is often used to make real-time imaging possible, complicates volume exploration since only parts of organs are usually visible; that is, clearly defined anatomical landmarks are scarce. In addition, the noisy nature and low signal-to- contrast ratio of US data make effective visualization a challenge, whereby there are currently no convincing solutions for combined US B-mode and color Doppler data rendering. Therefore, displaying 2D slices out of the 3D data is still often the preferred visualization method. We present new combinations of photorealistic and nonphotorealistic rendering strategies for combined visualization of B-mode and color Doppler data, which are straightforward to implement, flexible, and suited for a wide range of US applications.
Evaluation of the SAGAT method for highly automated driving

The Situation Awareness (SA) by Endsley is an often used construct to describe human’s perception and performance while driving motor vehicles. One method to assess the SA of the driver is the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) by Endsley which is often used in driving simulators. In the last decades, the number of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) increased rapidly and the trend moves towards more complex semi and highly automated systems. In those systems the driver is often used as a fallback if a failure occurs and therefore the driver has to be aware of the current traffic situation. At the present time, there is no review known to the authors, whether the SAGAT-method can be used for evaluating the SA of drivers while driving semi or highly automated vehicles. To answer this question a driving simulator study was conducted at the Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors of the Technische Universitat Darmstadt. In this study, 45 participants drove the highly automated driving concept Conduct-by-Wire and a manual car on 4 days at the interval of 7 days. It shows that there are in summary only little differences between the driving modes. It can also be shown, that the relevant cues for the SAGAT method are learned by the drivers since a significant learning effect was detected. Based on these findings the usefulness of the SAGAT method is discussed and an outlook on future work is presented.
Structural segmentation of Hindustani concert audio with posterior features

Structural segmentation of music involves identifying boundaries between homogenous regions where the homogeneity involves one or more musical dimensions, and therefore depends on the musical genre. In this work, we address the segmentation of Hindustani instrumental concert recordings at the highest time-scale, that is, concert sections marked by prominent changes in rhythmic structure. Tempo features are effectively combined with energy and chroma features motivated by musicological knowledge and acoustic observations. Posterior probability features from unsupervised model fitting of the frame-level acoustic features are shown to significantly improve robustness to local acoustic variations. Finally, two diverse change detection criteria are combined to obtain a superior segmentation system.
Maternal and fetal lipid metabolism under normal and gestational diabetic conditions

Abstract Maternal lipids are strong determinants of fetal fat mass. Here we review the overall lipid metabolism in normal and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancies. During early pregnancy, the increase in maternal fat depots is facilitated by insulin, followed by increased adipose tissue breakdown and subsequent hypertriglyceridemia, mainly as a result of insulin resistance (IR) and estrogen effects. The response to diabetes is variable as a result of greater IR but decreased estrogen levels. The vast majority of fatty acids (FAs) in the maternal circulation are esterified and associated with lipoproteins. These are taken up by the placenta and hydrolyzed by lipases. The released FAs enter various metabolic routes and are released into fetal circulation. Although these determinants are modified in maternal GDM, the fetus does not seem to receive more FAs than in non-GDM pregnancies. Long-chain polyunsaturated FAs are essential for fetal development and are obtained from the mother. Mitochondrial FA oxidation occurs in fetal tissue and in placenta and contributes to energy production. Fetal fat accretion during the last weeks of gestation occurs very rapidly and is sustained not only by FAs crossing the placenta, but also by fetal lipogenesis. Fetal hyperinsulinemia in GDM mothers promotes excess accretion of adipose tissue, which gives rise to altered adipocytokine profiles. Fetal lipoproteins are low at birth, but the GDM effects are unclear. The increase in body fat in neonates of GDM women is a risk factor for obesity in early childhood and later life.
ESSENTIAL DIMENSION

The essential dimension of an algebraic object is an integer that measures the complexity of the object. For example, let Q = (a, b)K be a quaternion algebra over a field extension K of a base field F of characteristic not 2. That is, let Q be a 4-dimensional algebra over K with basis {1, i, j, ij} and multiplication table i2 = a, j2 = b, ij = −ji, where a and b are nonzero elements in K. Thus, Q is determined by two parameters a and b. Equivalently, we can say that the algebra Q is defined over the subfield K ′ = F (a, b) of K, namely, Q ≃ Q′ ⊗K′ K for the quaternion algebra Q′ = (a, b)K′ over the field K ′ of transcendence degree at most 2 over F . On the other hand, if a and b are two variables over an algebraic closure Falg of F and K = Falg(a, b), then Q = (a, b)K is a division algebra over K that cannot be defined over a subfield K ′ of K of transcendence degree at most 1 over F since by Tsen’s theorem, there are no division quaternion algebras over the subfield K Falg ⊂ K. We say that the essential dimension of the class of quaternion algebras is equal to 2. Informally speaking, the essential dimension of a class of algebraic objects is the minimal number of algebraically independent parameters one needs to define any object in the class. The notion of the essential dimension was introduced by J. Buhler and Z. Reichstein in [7] for the class of finite Galois field extensions with a given Galois group G and later in [37], it was extended to the class of principal homogeneous G-spaces for a linear algebraic group G. Many classical algebraic objects, such as simple algebras, quadratic and hermitian forms, algebras with involutions, Cayley algebras, Jordan algebras, etc., are closely related to the principal homogeneous spaces of algebraic groups. For example, to give a quaternion algebra is the same as to give a principal homogeneous space of the group PGL2. The only property of a class of algebraic objects needed to define the essential dimension is that for every field extension K/F , we have a set F(K) of isomorphism classes of objects (quaternion algebras, for example), and for every field homomorphism K → L over F , a change of field map F(K)→ F(L) (e.g., the change of field operation Q 7→ Q ⊗K L for quaternion algebras). In other words, F is a functor from the category FieldsF of field extensions of F to the category Sets of sets. The essential dimension for an arbitrary functor FieldsF → Sets was defined in [5]. One of the applications of the essential dimension is as follows. Suppose we would like to check whether a classification conjecture for the class of objects given by a functor F holds. Usually, a classification conjecture assumes another functor L (a
Personality correlates of the disposition towards interpersonal forgiveness: A Chinese perspective

T his paper presents the results of three studies that investigated the nature of forgiveness, its measurement, and personality correlates in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Study 1 involved in-depth interviews with 27 PRC cultural scholars about the concept of forgiveness and factors influencing the tendency to forgive in Chinese philosophy and everyday life. The respondents supported the relevance of this concept for Chinese societies and were able to give examples both from classical Chinese texts and their own lives. However, they also considered that preserving group harmony was the main reason to forgive and discounted the personality or religious influences commonly reported in the Western literature. Study 2 reported the adaptation of a Western forgiveness questionnaire for use with PRC respondents. Study 3 involved administering this questionnaire together with measures of self-esteem, anxiety, impression management, and culturally appropriate constructs of face, relationship orientation, a.
Choice oscillations caused by boredom effect in human learning model

We propose the dynamical model describing the effect of boredom in the human learning process. It is shown numerically that the instability may appear in the dynamics of the system corresponding to the simple case of the single agent performing repeated choice between two alternatives. The discovered patterns of the periodic preference oscillations confirm that the model under consideration could capture such interesting phenomenon of human behavior as the boredom effect.
Nonhemorrhagic Primary Obstetric Shock

Objective: Clinical evaluation of nonhemorrhagic primary obstetric shock (NHPOS). Methods: In a retrospective clinical study, data on 8 cases of NHPOS were analyzed. Data on patient age, parity, week of gestation, comorbidity, possible etiologic trigger, course of disease with clinical picture and laboratory findings of coagulopathy, and patient outcome including autopsy findings in two lethal outcomes were analyzed. Results: These 8 patients were treated in the intensive care unit. One patient died during delivery from cardiopulmonary arrest in the state of irreversible obstetric shock, verified by massive pulmonary thromboembolism at autopsy. Another patient died from stroke and cerebral coma caused by trophoblastic cerebrovascular embolism 5 days after artificial abortion, showing a clinical picture of shock and cardiopulmonary arrest. In 1 patient, severe septic shock developed several hours after premature stillbirth and abruptio placentae in the 26th week of pregnancy, associated with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Four patients developed intrapartum NHPOS, with a clinical picture of chest pain, dyspnea, tachycardia, hypotension, cyanosis, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, as demonstrated by laboratory findings. Based on clinical picture and laboratory findings, amniotic fluid embolism or trophoblastic embolism was suspected. All these patients survived. One patient developed NHPOS during the third labor stage after vacuum extraction because of a macrosomic child, followed by disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and secondary hemorrhage which necessitated B-Lynch procedures and total hysterectomy for massive bleeding. Hereditary thrombophilia was detected in subsequent patients. Conclusions: NHPOS can be caused by amniotic fluid embolism, trophoblastic embolism or thromboembolism, and sepsis. These conditions may frequently prove fatal due to their abrupt and unexpected course, mostly during pregnancy, delivery, or immediately thereafter.
Valstybės tarnautojų pasitenkinimas darbu ir motyvacija mokytis: lytiškumo ir amžiaus efektai

Straipsnyje pagrindžiamas poreikis tyrinėti amžiaus ir lytiskumo efektus, jų įtaką valstybės tarnautojų mokymosi motyvacijai ir pasitenkinimui darbu. Pabrėžiamas interesas tyrinėti ne tik socialine lytį bet ir socialinį amžių darbo rinkos ir darbo organizacijų veiklos kontekste. Remiantis konkreciu atrankiniu empiriniu apklausos tyrimu parodoma, kad Lietuvos valstybės tarnautojai apskritai pasižymi palankiomis mokymosi motyvacijos ir pasitenkinimo darbu charakteristikomis. Kartu atskleisti ryskūs amžiaus ir lytiskumo efektai. Jaunų ir pensinio bei priespensinio amžiaus darbuotojų motyvacija prastesnė nei kitų amžiaus grupių. Si isvada ypac galioja vyresnio amžiaus valstybės tarnautojams vyrams. Tirti parametrai minėtoje populiacijoje įgyja nukrypstancius įvercius, leidžiancius kalbėti apie specifine socialinės rizikos ir latentinio diskriminavimo socialine grupe.
Poetry mix-up

Computer technology has become exceedingly integrated with modern culture, which prompted us to introduce and explore the avenues of integrating aesthetics with technology, familiar ground of modern society. With the intention of promoting aesthetic sensibilities generated in poetry, we introduce a poetry generating system called "Poetry Mix-up" which encourages users to experience the creation of a "remixed" variety of poetry by sending a simple SMS. In this system, WordNet-based Word Sense Disambiguating (WSD) and topic summarizing algorithms are implemented to understand the input short messages which will be categorized into several main topics. Based on the topics and the content of the input message, the system creates a new poem by mixing existing poem lines. The preliminary user study shows that Poetry Mix-up could be a new form of social and cultural communication in the digital era.
Managers’ Evaluations of Immigrant Job Applicants

This study examined the impact of immigrant job applicants’ private domain acculturation preferences on managers’ evaluations of person-organization (P-O) fit and hiring decisions. We employed an experimental design and presented Norwegian managers (N = 74) with video-clips of three job applicants. One of the applicants’ (target) ethnicity (Norwegian vs. Turkish) and private domain acculturation preferences (separated, assimilated, and integrated) were manipulated across four experimental conditions. Among the three applicants, the target applicant was presented as the best qualified. The results showed that the separated target was perceived as less similar to existing organizational members and the organization (i.e., lower supplementary P-O fit) than the three other targets, and as less valuable in terms of being different (i.e., lower complementary P-O fit) than the assimilated and the integrated targets. The separated target was rated significantly lower on hirability than the native and integrated targets. Despite the different hiring ratings, all targets received equal ratings on person-job (P-J) fit. The findings imply that managers placed a stronger emphasis on P-O fit than formal work competence when evaluating the separated target. Because private domain acculturation preferences can be deemed irrelevant for immigrant applicants’ job performance, our results suggest a biased employment decision against the immigrant applicant expressing private domain cultural maintenance preferences.
Fast intra mode decision algorithm using sub-sampled pixels

Intra prediction is a significant technique in H.264/AVC reference software. However, it has heavy computational complexity. In order to solve this problem, many fast algorithms have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a fast intra mode decision algorithm which predicts the edge direction of the current block using sub-sampled pixels to reduce high computational complexity of the H.264/AVC encoder. The proposed algorithm shows that it not only improves the coding performance but also reduces the computational complexity of the H.264/AVC encoder. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves the encoding time reduction of 75.74% on an average with slight peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) drop and bit-rate increment.
Pex19p, a Farnesylated Protein Essential for Peroxisome Biogenesis

ABSTRACT We report the identification and molecular characterization of Pex19p, an oleic acid-inducible, farnesylated protein of 39.7 kDa that is essential for peroxisome biogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cells lacking Pex19p are characterized by the absence of morphologically detectable peroxisomes and mislocalization of peroxisomal matrix proteins to the cytosol. The human HK33 gene product was identified as the putative human ortholog of Pex19p. Evidence is provided that farnesylation of Pex19p takes place at the cysteine of the C-terminal CKQQ amino acid sequence. Farnesylation of Pex19p was shown to be essential for the proper function of the protein in peroxisome biogenesis. Pex19p was shown to interact with Pex3p in vivo, and this interaction required farnesylation of Pex19p.
The ‘golden goddess’ of spices: a potentially effective topical therapy for Bowen disease?

as the patient reported using oral fluconazole once monthly to treat recurrent vaginal candidiasis. The vesicles appeared a few hours after drug administration. She had not mentioned this before as she had regarded this fact irrelevant. Fluconazole was discontinued, and at the 3-month follow-up, the patient remained asymptomatic (Fig. 1c). FDE is one of the most prevalent cutaneous druginduced reactions, and classically presents as a distinctly bordered erythematous lesion that periodically recurs at the same site after administration of a causative drug. Because of the diversity of its clinical manifestations, the diagnosis of FDE may sometimes be challenging. In addition to the typical lesions, bullous, morbiliform, scarletiniform, multiform, eczematous, urticarial and nodular FDE lesions have been observed. Despite the popularity of fluconazole, FDE associated with it is infrequent, with 20 cases reported to date. Interestingly, most of them concerned young women who were prescribed the medication to treat recurrent vaginal candidiasis. The case described above is very similar to that previously presented by Benedix et al., who described a case of a young woman with recurrent vesicles on the lower lips resembling HSV, which was finally diagnosed as FDE caused by fluconazole. In conclusion, we report a case of fluconazole-induced FDE initially misdiagnosed as HSV. Owing to its rarity, fluconazole-induced FDE may be difficult to diagnose. The crucial elements to diagnose the correction are the patient’s medical history and the clinical presentation of the lesions. Drug-induced reactions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of HSV, especially in cases of untypical clinical features and treatment resistance.