Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rearrangements of Chromosome 3 in Nonfamilial Renal Cell Carcinomas from Japanese Patients

Cytogenetic studies were successfully carried out in 5 tumor tissues from Japanese patients with nonfamilial renal cell carcinoma, histologically diagnosed as clear cell subtype. Mitotic cells were obtained by a combined method of enzymatic disaggregation and short‐term culture (6–12 days). The modal chromosome numbers were found to be diploid or near‐diploid in all the cases examined. Every case showed characteristic structural and numerical abnormalities. Rearrangements in the short arm of chromosome 3 were observed as clonal abnormalities in all the cases, including a translocation t(3;6) resulting in a partial loss of 3p (3 cases), a terminal deletion of 3p (one case) and 2 different translocations involving 3p and 8p (one case). The other clonal abnormalities were a whole or partial trisomy of chromosome 7 and a loss of Y chromosome. The overall results in the present study were consistent with those of our previous data in American patients, and suggest that the rearrangements of chromosome 3 leading to a partial loss of its short arm may play primary and significant role(s) in the development of renal cell carcinoma.
Thermostability of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV‐1) in a Liquid Matrix Is Far Higher than That of an Ecotropic Murine Leukemia Virus

For prevention of HIV infection, which is fatal to man and has no known remedy, sterilization of contaminated materials is particularly important. Before applying any sterilization procedures, they have to be checked by accurately following the kinetics of plaque reduction. Though this is almost self‐evident, such studies have been few. Here, a microplaque assay of HIV is established using HPB‐ALL human T‐cells immobilized on a poly‐L‐lysine‐coated plastic dish. This assay was used to compare the ultraviolet and heat inactivation kinetics of HIV (titrated by this method) with those of Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) in a liquid matrix. Though the ultraviolet sensitivities of these viruses were identical (D10=2,800 ergs/mm2), HIV was far more resistant to high temperatures (50°C 70°C) than MLV. This implies that these two viruses have different virion structures, though both are members of retroviridae. The higher thermostability of HIV should be taken into account when HIV‐contaminated materials are handled.
Developmental phenotypic plasticity helps bridge stochastic weather events associated with climate change

ABSTRACT The slow, inexorable rise in annual average global temperatures and acidification of the oceans are often advanced as consequences of global change. However, many environmental changes, especially those involving weather (as opposed to climate), are often stochastic, variable and extreme, particularly in temperate terrestrial or freshwater habitats. Moreover, few studies of animal and plant phenotypic plasticity employ realistic (i.e. short-term, stochastic) environmental change in their protocols. Here, I posit that the frequently abrupt environmental changes (days, weeks, months) accompanying much longer-term general climate change (e.g. global warming over decades or centuries) require consideration of the true nature of environmental change (as opposed to statistical means) coupled with an expansion of focus to consider developmental phenotypic plasticity. Such plasticity can be in multiple forms – obligatory/facultative, beneficial/deleterious – depending upon the degree and rate of environmental variability at specific points in organismal development. Essentially, adult phenotypic plasticity, as important as it is, will be irrelevant if developing offspring lack sufficient plasticity to create modified phenotypes necessary for survival. Summary: Unpredictable environmental phenomena associated with climate change can be challenging to developing organisms, but developmental phenotypic plasticity may be key to their survival.
Politicians and the Policy Agenda: Does Use of Twitter by the U.S. Congress Direct New York Times Content?

The conventional understanding of how elected officials affect the policy agenda is based on the argument that they use symbols and rhetoric to propagate a policy problem, primarily through the traditional media. The arguments presented in this article are largely consistent with this claim but account for the function of social media. More specifically, and framed by indexing theory, we argue that social media enhances opportunities for policy agenda builders in the U.S. Congress to share information with journalists. Across the key policy issues of 2013, tests for congruence between politicians’ Twitter posts and New York Times articles confirm a connection, particularly for the policy issue areas of the economy, immigration, health care, and marginalized groups. Simultaneous discussion and debate between Democrats and Republicans about a particular policy issue area, however, negatively impact how the New York Times indexes a particular issue.
Applying Augmented Reality to a Mobile-Assisted Learning System for Martial Arts using Kinect Motion Capture

In this study, to learn the routine of Tantui, a branch of martial arts was taken as an object of research. Fitts' stages of motor learning and augmented reality AR were applied to a 3D mobile-assisted learning system for martial arts, which was characterized by free viewing angles. With the new system, learners could rotate the viewing angle of an image freely in a three-dimensional space, zoom in or zoom out the image, and adjust its playback speed. The experimental participants were divided into two groups, i.e., the experimental group EG and the control group CG. The same coach instructed the EG through the 3D mobile-assisted learning system with AR capability while the CG was taught through a 2D video-based learning system on common mobile devices. Finally, a one-way ANOVA was performed to investigate the differences in learning performance between the two groups. Also, questionnaire surveys and interviews were conducted to understand whether the 3D free viewing angle of AR was helpful to cognitive learning of motor skills, learning motivation, learning satisfaction, and conditions of technology acceptance. It is expected that this findings herein will contribute to mobile-assisted learning and martial arts teaching in the future.
Low Incidence of a Nucleotide Sequence Alteration of the Neurofibromatosis 2 Gene in Human Breast Cancers

We investigated aberrations of the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) gene in breast tumors of 60 patients by single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction products followed by nucleotide sequencing. We detected a tumor‐specific single‐base substitution in codon 398 in exon 12 of the gene, resulting in an alteration of a single amino acid, in DNA from a breast cancer sample. The results indicated possible but infrequent involvement of mutations of the tumor suppressor NF2 gene in human breast cancers.
Chemopreventive Effect of a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor, 1′‐Acetoxychavicol Acetate, on Rat Oral Carcinogenesis

The effect of a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, 1′‐acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), on 4‐nitroquinoline 1‐oxide (4‐NQO)‐induced oral carcinogenesis was investigated in male F344 rats. All rats except those in the ACA‐alone and untreated groups were given 4‐NQO (20 ppm) in the drinking water for 8 weeks to induce oral cancer. Starting 1 week before the 4‐NQO exposure, animals were fed diet containing 100 ppm or 500 ppm ACA for 10 weeks, followed by the basal diet without ACA for 22 weeks. Other groups were fed the diet containing ACA at 100 ppm or 500 ppm for 22 weeks, starting 1 week after the cessation of 4‐NQO exposure. The remaining groups consisted of rats given 500 ppm ACA alone or untreated rats. At the termination of the experiment (32 weeks), the incidences of tongue neoplasms and preneoplastic lesions, polyamine levels in the tongue tissue, and cell proliferation activity estimated in terms of 5‐bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)‐labeling index and by morphometric analysis of silver‐stained nucleolar organizer regions’ protein (AgNORs) were compared among the groups. Feeding of ACA at the two doses during initiation or postinitiation significantly decreased the development of tongue carcinoma (93–100% reduction, P< 0.001) and preneoplasia (43–50% reduction for hyperplasia and 34–48% reduction for dysplasia, P<0.05). There were no such lesions in rats fed ACA alone or those in the untreated control group. The number of AgNORs per cell nucleus was significantly decreased by feeding of ACA at a high dose (500 ppm) (29% inhibition, P<0.05). The BrdU‐labeling index was also reduced by dietary administration of ACA (23–32% inhibition, P<0.01). In addition, ACA feeding reduced tongue polyamine levels (35–40% inhibition, P<0.05). These results indicate that ACA inhibited rat oral carcinogenesis, and such inhibition might be related to suppression of cell proliferation in the oral mucosa by the xanthine oxidase inhibitor.
Do in-group and out-group forms of trust matter in predicting confidence in the order institutions? A study of three culturally distinct countries

This study brings trust into the study of confidence in the police and in the courts – two order institutions – and tests the utility of a statistical model developed in the West in two other culturally distinct countries (Taiwan and Turkey). The conceptual model is tested using structural equation modeling techniques. Results show that the data fit well with theory-based predictions for the US and Turkey. In-group trust is found to be associated with confidence in all three societies. Those who score high in in-group trust and those who believe in democracy have higher confidence in the order institutions. The findings cast doubt on the tendency to laud the positive effects of out-group trust while neglecting the study of in-group trust. The same model, however, does not fit well with data from Taiwan – a Confucian society. The implication of these results is discussed within the limitations of the study.
Inhaled Asbestos Exacerbates Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice via CD4+ T Cells

Background Associations between air pollution and morbidity/mortality from cardiovascular disease are recognized in epidemiologic and clinical studies, but the mechanisms by which inhaled fibers or particles mediate the exacerbation of atherosclerosis are unclear. Objective and methods To determine whether lung inflammation after inhalation of a well-characterized pathogenic particulate, chrysotile asbestos, is directly linked to exacerbation of atherosclerosis and the mechanisms involved, we exposed apolipoprotein E–deficient (ApoE−/−) mice and ApoE−/− mice crossed with CD4−/− mice to ambient air, NIEHS (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) reference sample of chrysotile asbestos, or fine titanium dioxide (TiO2), a nonpathogenic control particle, for 3, 9, or 30 days. Results ApoE−/− mice exposed to inhaled asbestos fibers had approximately 3-fold larger atherosclerotic lesions than did TiO2-exposed ApoE−/− mice or asbestos-exposed ApoE−/−/CD4−/− double-knockout (DKO) mice. Lung inflammation and the magnitude of lung fibrosis assessed histologically were similar in asbestos-exposed ApoE−/− and DKO mice. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma, and plasma concentrations correlated with lesion size (p < 0.04) in asbestos-exposed ApoE−/− mice. At 9 days, activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), transcription factors linked to inflammation and found in the promoter region of the MCP-1 gene, were increased in aortas of asbestos-exposed ApoE−/− but not DKO mice. Conclusion Our findings show that the degree of lung inflammation and fibrosis does not correlate directly with cardiovascular effects of inhaled asbestos fibers and support a critical role of CD4+ T cells in linking fiber-induced pulmonary signaling to consequent activation of AP-1– and NF-κB–regulated genes in atherogenesis.
Preclinical in vivo Antitumor Efficacy of Nedaplatin with Gemcitabine against Human Lung Cancer

The antitumor efficacy of the combination of nedaplatin (NDP) with gemcitabine (GEM) was evaluated. We also compared the antitumor activity of NDP plus GEM with that of cisplatin (CDDP) plus GEM or carboplatin (CBDCA) plus GEM. Ma44, which is a human lung cancer sensitive to GEM, and NCI-H460, which is a human lung cancer refractory to GEM, were used in this study. GEM was injected i.v. once followed by i.v. injection of NDP at an interval of approximately 30 min into tumor-bearing athymic mice. GEM was administered again 3 or 4 days thereafter. Combined dosing of NDP with GEM resulted in synergistically enhanced inhibition of tumor growth in the Ma44 tumor model. NDP plus GEM was also effective against Ma44 cells when given late in the therapy, a model for advanced disease. Potent augmentation of growth inhibition by NDP with GEM was also found with the NCI-H460 tumor model. The combination effect of NDP plus GEM appeared to be superior to that of CDDP plus GEM or CBDCA plus GEM in both tumor models. Toxicity in terms of blood cell numbers was not enhanced by the combination of NDP with GEM. These results suggest the effectiveness of combination of NDP with GEM for clinical therapy.
Image Enhancement of Low-light Scenes with Near-infrared Flash Images

We present a novel technique for enhancing an image captured in low light by using near-infrared flash images. The main idea is to combine a color image with near-infrared flash images captured at the same time without causing any interference with the color image. In this work, near-infrared flash images are effectively used for removing annoying effects that are commonly observed in images of dimly lit environments, namely, image noise and motion blur. Our denoising method uses a pair of color and near-infrared flash images captured simultaneously. Therefore it is applicable to dynamic scenes, whereas existing methods assume stationary scenes and require a pair of flash and no-flash color images captured sequentially. Our deblurring method utilizes a set of near-infrared flash images captured during the exposure time of a single color image and directly acquires a motion blur kernel based on optical flow. We implemented a multispectral imaging system and confirmed the effectiveness of our technique through experiments using real images.
Optimal control of flying objects' move after estimated state vector using a reduced order observer

In this paper one presents an algorithm for project of a reduced order observer (ALGLOOR) with applications to flying objects' move. The command law is an optimal one in rapport with state vector of the observer. Numeric calculus examples are also presented: for longitudinal and lateral move and vertical move of a rocket in vertical plane in rapport with equal signal line; using Matlab/Simulink model of closed loop system one has made numeric calculus programs and with them one obtained different time characteristics, which expresses state variables' dynamics of the flying objects dynamic models.
Can Local People Help Enhance Tourists’ Destination Loyalty? A Relational Perspective

ABSTRACT This study identifies key attributes of local people in enhancing tourists’ personal connection and examines whether personal connection to local people induces the destination’s distinctiveness and consequently positive word-of-mouth (WOM) intentions regarding the destination. For the empirical tests, data were collected from 280 tourists to Japan from South Korea and analyzed. The results indicate that (1) three attributes of local people (physical attractiveness, displayed positive emotions, and helpfulness) improved the personal connection; (2) the personal connection increased destination distinctiveness and WOM intentions; and (3) destination distinctiveness perceived by tourists generated WOM intentions. These results have important theoretical and practical implications.
Remediation of Arsenic Toxicity in the Soil-Plant System by Using Zinc Fertilizers

Availability of soil arsenic (As) and plant As at various levels of zinc (Zn) and As applications were examined. A pot-culture experiment with a leafy vegetable, Kalmi (Ipomoea aquatica), on an Inceptisols, was conducted where As was applied with irrigation water at the rates of 0 mg/L (As control), 0.5 mg/L, 1 mg/L and 2 mg/L and Zn was added to the soil as ZnCl2 solution at the rate of 0 mg/L (Zn control), 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L and 3 mg/L during pot preparation. The experiment was conducted in triplicates for 45 days till the plants were grown to maturity. At the end of the experiment the remedial effect of Zn on As toxicity was examined and as such, yield parameters, As and Zn accumulation in Kalmi plants, residual concentrations of As and Zn in soils and plants were measured. It appeared from the present study that there exists an antagonistic relationship between Zn and As i.e., Zn in soils was found to reduce As availability in soils as well as its accumulation in plants, particularly at an elevated application rate of 3 mg/L Zn. The findings could be used as a strategy to mitigate arsenic toxicity in As contaminated soils.
High Selectivity and CM Suppression Frequency-Dependent Coupling Balanced BPF

In this letter, a compact second-order balanced microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) with high selectivity and common-mode (CM) suppression performances is presented based on the magnetically coupled resonators. Under differential-mode (DM) operation, a transmission zero (TZ) near the passband can be created by the frequency-dependent coupling between two resonators. Meanwhile, the intrinsic high CM suppression performance can be maintained due to the magnetically coupling between two resonators under CM operation. Another two DM TZs can be generated by the frequency-dependent source–load (S–L) coupling. Finally, a compact high CM suppression balanced BPF with three TZs for WLAN application has been designed and fabricated, and the measured results show good agreement with simulated ones.
DDoS attack detection mechanism in the application layer using user features

DDoS attacks are one of the most damaging computer aggressions of recent times. Attackers send large number of requests to saturate a victim machine and it stops providing its services to legitimate users. In general attacks are directed to the network layer and the application layer, the latter has been increasing due mainly to its easy execution and difficult detection. The present work proposes a low cost detection approach that uses the characteristics of the Web User for the detection of attacks. To do this, the features are extracted in real time using functions designed in PHP and JavaScript. They are evaluated by an order 1 classifier to differentiate a real user from a DDoS attack. A real user is identified by making requests interacting with the computer system, while DDoS attacks are requests sent by robots to overload the system with indiscriminate requests. The tests were executed on a computer system using requests from real users and attacks using the LOIC, OWASP and GoldenEye tools. The results show that the proposed method has a detection efficiency of 100%, and that the characteristics of the web user allow to differentiate between a real user and a robot.
Mechanisms underlying insect freeze tolerance

Freeze tolerance – the ability to survive internal ice formation – has evolved repeatedly in insects, facilitating survival in environments with low temperatures and/or high risk of freezing. Surviving internal ice formation poses several challenges because freezing can cause cellular dehydration and mechanical damage, and restricts the opportunity to metabolise and respond to environmental challenges. While freeze‐tolerant insects accumulate many potentially protective molecules, there is no apparent ‘magic bullet’ – a molecule or class of molecules that appears to be necessary or sufficient to support this cold‐tolerance strategy. In addition, the mechanisms underlying freeze tolerance have been minimally explored. Herein, we frame freeze tolerance as the ability to survive a process: freeze‐tolerant insects must withstand the challenges associated with cooling (low temperatures), freezing (internal ice formation), and thawing. To do so, we hypothesise that freeze‐tolerant insects control the quality and quantity of ice, prevent or repair damage to cells and macromolecules, manage biochemical processes while frozen/thawing, and restore physiological processes post‐thaw. Many of the molecules that can facilitate freeze tolerance are also accumulated by other cold‐ and desiccation‐tolerant insects. We suggest that, when freezing offered a physiological advantage, freeze tolerance evolved in insects that were already adapted to low temperatures or desiccation, or in insects that could withstand small amounts of internal ice formation. Although freeze tolerance is a complex cold‐tolerance strategy that has evolved multiple times, we suggest that a process‐focused approach (in combination with appropriate techniques and model organisms) will facilitate hypothesis‐driven research to understand better how insects survive internal ice formation.
Cobalt Chromium Denture Designs In General Practice

This is a preliminary survey on cast partial denture designs in the commercial dental laboratories. This survey was carried out for a month in three commercial dental laboratories in Klang Valley and Shah Alam which produce metal dentures in cobalt-chromium. One hundred and ten questionnaires with the designs were collected and analysed. The framework design on the cast was transferred into the design sheet section of the questionnaire. The aim was to investigate communication regarding denture design between clinicians and dental technician and the dentists' dependency on the technician. The design of cobalt chromium partial dentures in relation to oral health was also assessed. The results indicated that 43.6% of the dentist who used the three laboratories delegated their removable partial design work to the dental technician. More than half of the dentists had some communication with the technicians, and only 18.2 % of the dentists prescribed clear instructions with details of components regarding denture design. Continuing dental education on partial denture design for both clinicians and dental technicians would be of value to provide reinforcement in the knowledge of the basic concept on denture designing. Communication and understanding between both parties would probably improve the quality of cobalt-chromium dentures constructed.
The molecular determinants of CD8 co‐receptor function

CD8+ T cells respond to signals mediated through a specific interaction between the T‐cell receptor (TCR) and a composite antigen in the form of an epitopic peptide bound between the polymorphic α1 and α2 helices of an MHC class I (MHCI) molecule. The CD8 glycoprotein ‘co‐receives’ antigen by binding to an invariant region of the MHCI molecule and can enhance ligand recognition by up to 1 million‐fold. In recent years, a number of structural and biophysical investigations have shed light on the role of the CD8 co‐receptor during T‐cell antigen recognition. Here, we provide a collated resource for these data, and discuss how the structural and biophysical parameters governing CD8 co‐receptor function further our understanding of T‐cell cross‐reactivity and the productive engagement of low‐affinity antigenic ligands.
Influence of Relative Affect on Elder Life Satisfaction Degree

Relative affection is important influence to elder living contentment degree. Family habitation form, mutual spirit living between the elder and relatives influence the elder living contentment degree. Social economy culture change does not benefit the elder relative affection, but community service and service saving will enrich the relative affection and increase living contentment degree.