Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Time-Obfuscated Algorithm for Trajectory Privacy Protection

Location-based services (LBS) which bring so much convenience to our daily life have been intensively studied over the years. Generally, an LBS query processing can be categorized into snapshot and continuous queries which access user location information and return search results to the users. An LBS has full control of the location information, causing user privacy concerns. If an LBS provider has a malicious intention to breach the user privacy by tracking the users' routes to their destinations, it incurs a serious threat. Most existing techniques have addressed privacy protection mainly for snapshot queries. However, providing privacy protection for continuous queries is of importance, since a malicious LBS can easily obtain complete user privacy information by observing a sequence of successive query requests. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive trajectory privacy technique and combine ambient conditions to cloak location information based on the user privacy profile to avoid a malicious LBS reconstructing a user trajectory. We first propose an r-anonymity mechanism which preprocesses a set of similar trajectories R to blur the actual trajectory of a service user. We then combine k-anonymity with s road segments to protect the user's privacy. We introduce a novel time-obfuscated technique which breaks the sequence of the query issuing time for a service user to confuse the LBS so it does not know the user trajectory, by sending a query randomly from a set of locations residing at the different trajectories in R. Despite the randomness incurred from the obfuscation process for providing strong trajectory privacy protection, the experimental results show that our trajectory privacy technique maintains the correctness of the query results at a competitive computational cost.
Leg-by-leg Bearings-Only Target Motion Analysis Without Observer Maneuver

Authors’ addresses: C. Jauffret, Université Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS, IM2NP (UMR 6242), Bâtiment X, BP 132, 83957 La Garde Cedex, France, Email: (jauffret@univ-tln.fr); D. Pillon, Thales Underwater Systems, 525 Route des Dolines, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France, Email: (denis.pillon@fr.thalesgroup.com); A. C. Pignol, Université Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS, IM2NP (UMR 6242), Bâtiment X, BP 132, 83957 La Garde Cedex, France, Email: (pignol@univ-tln.fr).
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Complicated by Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO – Devic’s Disease): Clinic-Pathological Report and Review of the Literature

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is usually a relapsing demyelinating disease of the central nervous system associated with optic neuritis, transverse myelitis involving three or more contiguous spinal cord segments, and seropositivity for NMO-IgG antibody. NMO is often mistaken for multiple sclerosis and there are relatively sporadic publications about NMO and overlapping systemic or organ-specific autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We described a unique case of a 25-year-old Arab young woman who was diagnosed with SLE, depending on clinical, laboratory investigations and after she had fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for SLE and had presented the following findings: constitutional findings (fatigue, fever, and arthralgia); dermatologic finding (photosensitivity and butterfly rash); chronic renal failure (proteinuria up to 400 mg in 24 hours); hematologic and antinuclear antibodies (positivity for antinuclear factor (ANF), anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies, direct Coombs, ANA and anti-DNA, low C4 and C3, aCL by IgG and IgM). Recently, she presented with several episodes of transverse myelitis and optic neuritis. Clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings especially seropositivity for NMO-IgG were compatible with NMO. Accurate diagnosis is critical to facilitate initiation of immunosuppressive therapy for attack prevention. This case illustrates that NMO may be associated with SLE.
Poverty Targeting in Indonesia: Programs, Problems and Lessons Learned

This paper presents a discussion on some poverty alleviation programs that are specifically targeted to the poor. The programs covered in this paper are: Inpres Desa Tertinggal (IDT), Padat Karya (Employment), Food Security, Education and Health component of the post-crisis Social Safety Net package. Brief assessments of the programs show that the targeting of poverty alleviation programs in Indonesia has been a difficult and frustrating process for cen-tral government planners attempting to allocate scarce budgetary resources as efficiently and effectively as possible. Although poor families did benefit to a certain degree, all the pro-grams that we have considered have suffered from two common problems: under-coverage and leakage. The paper concludes that the effectiveness of various poverty-targeted program in Indonesia are determined by, among other things, the type of targeting, administrative ca-pacity, program design and publicity, and the quality of monitoring.
DOES NICHE DIVERGENCE ACCOMPANY ALLOPATRIC DIVERGENCE IN APHELOCOMA JAYS AS PREDICTED UNDER ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION?: INSIGHTS FROM TESTS WITH NICHE MODELS

The role of ecology in the origin of species has been the subject of long‐standing interest to evolutionary biologists. New sources of spatially explicit ecological data allow for large‐scale tests of whether speciation is associated with niche divergence or whether closely related species tend to be similar ecologically (niche conservatism). Because of the confounding effects of spatial autocorrelation of environmental variables, we generate null expectations for niche divergence for both an ecological‐niche modeling and a multivariate approach to address the question: do allopatrically distributed taxa occupy similar niches? In a classic system for the study of niche evolution—the Aphelocoma jays—we show that there is little evidence for niche divergence among Mexican Jay (A. ultramarina) lineages in the process of speciation, contrary to previous results. In contrast, Aphelocoma species that exist in partial sympatry in some regions show evidence for niche divergence. Our approach is widely applicable to the many cases of allopatric lineages in the beginning stages of speciation. These results do not support an ecological speciation model for Mexican Jay lineages because, in most cases, the allopatric environments they occupy are not significantly more divergent than expected under a null model.
Building up and Exploiting Architectural Knowledge

Architectural knowledge consists of architecture design as well as the design decisions, assumptions, context, and other factors that together determine why a particular solution is the way it is. Except for the architecture design part, most of the architectural knowledge usually remains hidden, tacit in the heads of the architects. We conjecture that an explicit representation of architectural knowledge is helpful for building and evolving systems. If we had a repository of architectural knowledge for a system, what would it ideally contain, how would we build it, and exploit it in practice? In this paper we describe a use case model for an architectural knowledge system.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae phenotypes can be predicted by using constraint-based analysis of a genome-scale reconstructed metabolic network

Full genome sequences of prokaryotic organisms have led to reconstruction of genome-scale metabolic networks and in silico computation of their integrated functions. The first genome-scale metabolic reconstruction for a eukaryotic cell, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, consisting of 1,175 metabolic reactions and 733 metabolites, has appeared. A constraint-based in silico analysis procedure was used to compute properties of the S. cerevisiae metabolic network. The computed number of ATP molecules produced per pair of electrons donated to the electron transport system (ETS) and energy-maintenance requirements were quantitatively in agreement with experimental results. Computed whole-cell functions of growth and metabolic by-product secretion in aerobic and anaerobic culture were consistent with experimental data, and thus mRNA expression profiles during metabolic shifts were computed. The computed consequences of gene knockouts on growth phenotypes were consistent with experimental observations. Thus, constraint-based analysis of a genome-scale metabolic network for the eukaryotic S. cerevisiae allows for computation of its integrated functions, producing in silico results that were consistent with observed phenotypic functions for ≈70–80% of the conditions considered.
Political Institutions and Electric Utility Investment: A Cross-Nation Analysis

The likelihood that a government will meet its promises varies with the structure of a nation9s political institutions. Where multiple independent actors wield veto power over potential policy changes, macroeconomic, tax, and regulatory stability will be enhanced—thus reducing the variance on an investment project9s expected return. This relationship is shown to hold for an industry with extremely high sunk costs and politicization, namely, electric utilities. Managers considering investment in infrastructure projects should therefore evaluate the investment proposal not only on its explicit terms, but also on the likelihood that the government will honor them.
Efficient Image Geotagging Using Large Databases

There are now billions of images stored on photo sharing websites. These images contain visual cues that reflect the geographical location of where the photograph was taken (e.g., New York City). Linking visual features in images to physical locations has many potential applications, such as tourism recommendation systems. However, the size and nature of these databases pose great challenges. For example, the distribution of images around the world is highly biased towards popular regions. This results in high redundancy in certain locations, while under-representing the features in other regions. Many density estimation methods are unable to handle such datasets. In this paper we employ an on-line unsupervised clustering method, Location Aware Self-Organizing Map (LASOM), to compress a large image database and learn similarity relationships between different geographical locations. Our method achieves promising results when used on a dataset containing approximately 900,000 images. We further show that the learned representation results in minimal information loss as compared to using k-Nearest Neighbor method. The noise reduction property of LASOM allows for superior performance when combining multiple features. The final part of the paper explores clothing as a new information source that may assist in geolocation of images.
Regulation of Neurotransmission in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Rat by Different Neuropeptide Y Receptors

We examined the effects of peptides of the neuropeptide Y (NPY)/pancreatic polypeptide (PP) family on synaptic transmission in the arcuate nucleus in rat hypothalamic slices. Application of NPY produced two effects. In some cells NPY produced an outward current that had the properties of a K+ current. NPY also inhibited the evoked glutamatergic EPSC recorded in these arcuate neurons by a presynaptic mechanism. Although the effects of NPY on the K+ current reversed within a few minutes of washout of the peptide, its effects on the EPSC frequently were longer lasting (>30 min). Similar effects were observed using peptide YY or the NPY analog [Leu31, Pro34]NPY. Although K+current activation by [Leu31,Pro34]NPY was blocked by the selective Y1 antagonist BIBP 3226, inhibition of the EPSC was blocked only partially. Other NPY-related peptides such as NPY(13–36), PP, and [d-Trp32]NPY also inhibited the EPSC. However, none of these peptides produced activation of the K+ current. Thus, activation of more than one NPY receptor produces synaptic inhibition in the arcuate nucleus. A Y1 receptor activates a K+ current postsynaptically, and several receptor types appear to inhibit the EPSC by a presynaptic mechanism.
Classification of microblogging users

Recent advancements in Web 2.0, people can't be regarded as simple content reader, they can also contribute content as writers. This work consists of microblogging and text categorization. Text categorization steps were used in microblogs to find out users whose contributions are more valuable for its related category. 2015 RSS news feeds were taken for training and users' tweets were used as test data. This study also differs from other related projects in selection of features. Selected test feature must be also in training data. If it doesn't, test feature can't be taken as feature in test data. In conclusion, contents of news bots in Twitter have more categorical content than ordinary microbloggers.
The relationship of serum anti-Mullerian hormone with polycystic ovarian morphology and polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective cohort study.

STUDY QUESTION What is the relationship of serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) with polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? SUMMARY ANSWER Serum AMH concentrations are capable of differentiating between normal ovaries, PCOM and PCOS. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Serum AMH levels are high in PCOS reflecting the number of small antral follicles and an intrinsic defect of individual granulosa cells. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Data were collected prospectively and analysed from three groups of women: those with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria, those with PCOM but no symptoms and those with normal ovaries. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIAL, SETTING, METHODS Women with PCOS (n = 90), with PCOM (n = 35) and with normal ovaries (controls, n = 90), matched for age and body mass index, were all being treated for infertility at Homerton University Hospital, a tertiary referral centre. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Using adequate numbers and statistical methods for demographically similar groups, there were significant differences in the mean serum AMH concentrations between women with PCOS [77.6 pmol/l (95% CI 64.8-90.3)], those with PCOM [52.2 pmol/l (95% CI 40.1-64.2)] and controls [23.6 pmol/l (95% CI 20.5-26.7)] (P < 0.001). The combination of AMH >48 pmol/l and LH > 6 IU/l diagnosed 82.6% of women with PCOS. The mean serum FSH was lower in both PCOS and PCOM compared with controls, whereas LH was higher in PCOS compared with PCOM and controls and correlated positively with AMH (r = 0.321, P < 0.01). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Further research is needed to determine the relationship of AMH, PCOS and PCOM. The study was restricted to women who sought out treatment for infertility. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The study suggests that the severity of symptoms of PCOS is positively related to the number of small follicles and that AMH may play an important part in the pathophysiology of anovulation. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST None.
The Aging Lexicon: Differences in the Semantic Networks of Younger and Older Adults

How does the mental lexicon, the network of learned words in our semantic memory, change in old age? To address this question, we employ a new network inference method to infer networks from verbal fluency data of a group of younger and older adults. We find that older adults produce more unique words in verbal fluency tasks than younger adults. In line with recent theorizing, this suggests a larger mental lexicon for older than for younger adults. Moreover, we find that relative to the mental lexicon of younger adults, the mental lexicon of older adults is less small-world-like. Based on several findings linking network clustering to processing speed, this finding suggests that not only the size, but also the structure of the mental lexicon may contribute to apparent cognitive decline in old age.
Iterative THP Transceiver Optimization for Multi-User MIMO Systems Based on Weighted Sum-Mse Minimization

We address the joint optimization of transmitter and receivers for a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channel (BC) system under the assumption of perfect channel state information (CSI) at both transmitter and receivers. Tomlinson Harashima precoding (THP) is employed for interuser interference presubtraction and the mean square error (MSE) is minimized. Since the downlink problem is difficult to handle, we formulate an equivalent uplink problem by exploiting the duality between THP and decision feedback equalization (DFE). We present an iterative solution, which delivers suboptimum transmit and receive matrices as well as a suboptimum precoding order. The performance of the algorithm is studied theoretically and experimentally
PROFICIENT KEY TREE STRUCTURE FOR DYNAMIC MULTICAST GROUPS

Most of the group key management schemes focus on reducing the update messages. Majority of the groups are dynamic in nature and large. To assuage the scalability problem, various key structures have been proposed. In dynamic multicast groups, key updates are complicated since group members join and leave at any time. Hierarchical tree structure is suitable for maintaining multicast group members and keys. If the member wishes to join, it sends request to the Group Centre (GC) or Key Server. The Server authenticates the member and assigns an inimitable ID, which is later inserted into the tree. Similarly, the Server adjusts the tree when the member leaves from the group. Forward and backward secrecy are ensured by updating the keys whenever a join/leave request is handled called re-keying. Proficient Key Tree structure is proposed to reduce the number of re-keying operations during join/leave operations. This tree structure has two parts namely the upper part called quad tree at few levels which has at most four children and the lower part called a binary tree which has at most two children. With this structure, experimental results show that the costs are reduced compared to the full binary key tree approach.
Temporal 3D Lagrangian strain from 2D slice‐followed cine DENSE MRI

A quantitative analysis of myocardial mechanics is fundamental to the understanding of cardiac function, diagnosis of heart disease and assessment of therapeutic intervention. In clinical practice, most cardiac imaging analyses are performed in 2D because of the limited scan time available. However, the obtained information from a 2D measurement is limited. This study presents a method to obtain temporal evolutions of transmural 3D Lagrangian strains from two intersecting 2D planes of slice‐followed cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) data using a bilinear‐cubic polynomial element to resolve strain from the displaced myocardial positions. The method was validated against an analytical standard and has been applied to in vivo data acquired on a 3 T magnetic resonance system from a healthy volunteer to quantify systolic strains at the anterior‐basal region of left ventricular myocardium. The method demonstrates accurate results when validated in the analytical model, and the in vivo results agree within experimental accuracy with values reported in the literature. Even with a short scan time, this method provides the full 3D Lagrangian strain tensor from two 2D DENSE measurements.
The Role of IL-17 and Related Cytokines in Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) induces the production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and chemokines such as CXCL1 and CXCL2 and is a cytokine that acts as an inflammation mediator. During infection, IL-17 is needed to eliminate extracellular bacteria and fungi, by inducing antimicrobial peptides such as defensin. This cytokine also plays an important role in chronic inflammation that occurs during the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and allergies such as human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for which a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is available. In autoimmune diseases such as RA and multiple sclerosis (MS), IL-17 is produced by helper T (Th) cells that are stimulated by IL-1β and IL-6 derived from phagocytes such as macrophages and from tissue cells. IL-17 contributes to various lesions that are produced by Th17 cells, one subset of helper T cells, and by γδ T cells and innate lymphoid cells. It strongly contributes to autoimmune diseases that are accompanied by chronic inflammation. Thus, a functional understanding of Th17 cells is extremely important. In this review, we highlight the roles of cytokines that promote the development and maintenance of pathogenic Th17 cells in autoimmune diseases.
Tools to support the creation and management of Real-Time Multi-Agent Systems

Developing Multi-Agent Systems for Real-Time environments is a complex task. If the foundations are well settled in the students, it is desirable that they spend most of the time for their projects focused on the algorithms and design and code of the system, not with the Real-Time system implementation details. A toolkit has been used to teach a subject of the Pattern Recognition, Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision Master's degree, to ease the task of developing such systems. The evaluation of the experience with the students shows that is a very convenient toolkit for this purpose.
Critical Infrastructures You Can Trust: Where Telecommunications Fits

This paper discusses two NISs: the public telephone network (PTN) and the Internet. Being themselves large and complex NISs, they not only merit study in their own right but can help us to understand some of the technical problems faced by the developers and operators of other NISs. In addition, the high cost of building a global communications infrastructure from the ground up implies that one or both of these two networks is likely to furnish communications services for most other NISs. Therefore, an understanding of the vulnerabilties of the PTN and Internet informs the assessment of the trustworthiness of other NISs. Ideas for improving the trustworthiness of the PTN and Internet are also proposed, both for the short-term (by improved use of existing technologies and procedures) and for the long-term (by identifying some areas where the state-of-the-art is inadequate and research is therefore needed). Finally, some observations are offered about Internet telephony and the use of the Internet for critical infrastructures.
Hexokinase Regulates Kinetics of Glucose Transport and Expression of Genes Encoding Hexose Transporters inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT Glucose transport kinetics and mRNA levels of different glucose transporters were determined in Saccharomyces cerevisiaestrains expressing different sugar kinases. During exponential growth on glucose, a hxk2 null strain exhibited high-affinity hexose transport associated with an elevated transcription of the genesHXT2 and HXT7, encoding high-affinity transporters, and a diminished expression of the HXT1 andHXT3 genes, encoding low-affinity transporters. Deletion ofHXT7 revealed that the high-affinity component is mostly due to HXT7; however, a previously unidentified very-high-affinity component (Km = 0.19 mM) appeared to be due to other factors. Expression of genes encoding hexokinases from Schizosaccharomyces pombe orYarrowia lipolytica in a hxk1 hxk2 glk1 strain prevented derepression of the high-affinity transport system at high concentrations of glucose.
The Global Market for Organic Food & Drink

In 2004, the market value of organic products worldwide reached 27.8 billion US$, (23.5 billion EUR), the largest share of organic products being marketed in Europe and North America. Ongoing growth of the market and organic land area is expected for the foreseeable future, in part due to an increased support of governments and development organizations.