Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Universität Des Saarlandes Fachrichtung 6.1 – Mathematik Robust Variational Approaches to Positivity-constrained Image Deconvolution Robust Variational Approaches to Positivity-constrained Image Deconvolution Robust Variational Approaches to Positivity-constrained Image Deconvolution

Two approaches to the combination of robust variational deconvolution with positivity constraints are considered. The first approach modifies a standard robust variational deconvolution method by carrying out a gradient descent with respect to a multiplicative perturbation, which can also be considered as gradient descent in a hyperbolic metric. The second approach is based on the representation of the well-known Richardson-Lucy iterative deconvolution as fixed-point iteration for the minimisation of an information divergence functional, again under a multiplicative perturbation model. The asymmetric penaliser function contained in this functional is then varied into a robust penaliser, and complemented with a regu-lariser. The resulting functional gives rise to a fixed point iteration that we call robust and regularised Richardson-Lucy deconvolution. It achieves an image restoration quality comparable to state-of-the-art variational de-convolution with a computational efficiency similar to that of the original Richardson-Lucy method. Experiments on synthetic and real-world image data demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods.
A type-Rainich approach to the Killing-Yano tensors

Following an approach by Collinson [1] we solve the Rainich problem for the Killing-Yano tensors: firstly we give the necessary and sufficient conditions for a 2+2 almost-product structure to determine the principal 2–planes of a skew-symmetric Killing-Yano tensor and, secondly, we obtain the additional conditions on a symmetric Killing tensor for it to be the square of a Killing-Yano tensor. We also analyze a similar problem for the conformal Killing-Yano and the conformal Killing tensors. Our results show that, in both cases, the principal 2–planes define a maxwellian structure. The associated Maxwell fields are obtained and we outline how this approach is of interest in studying the spacetimes that admit these kind of first integrals of the geodesic equation.
Cyclostationary-based jammer detection algorithm for wide-band radios using compressed sensing

A new algorithm for jammer detection is proposed in this work for wide-band (WB) cognitive radio networks. First, the received WB signal, which is comprised of multiple narrow-band (NB) signals, is recovered from sub-Nyquist rate samples using compressed sensing. Compressed sensing allows us to alleviate Nyquist rate sampling requirements at the receiver A/D converter. After the Nyquist rate signal has been recovered, a cyclostationary feature detector is employed on this estimated signal to compute the cyclic features. Finally, the proposed algorithm uses the second order statistics, namely, the spectral correlation function (SCF), to classify each NB signal as a legitimate signal or a jamming signal. In the end, performance of the proposed algorithm is shown with the help of Monte-Carlo simulations under different empirical setups.
The MURALE project: image-based 3D modeling for Archaeology

Murale is a European IST project that will develop 3D capture and visualisation technology for archaeology. The project will put special emphasis on the usability on the site, by the archaeologists themselves. The paper describes techniques that are being developed by three of the Murale partners in particular. These comprise two methods to generate 3D models of objects, and approaches to deal with the textures of materials and terrain. Put together with the database and visualisation expertise brought in by the other partners, Murale will not only contribute to the enhanced visualisation of archaeological sites and finds, but also to a faster and more complete documentation of the progress of excavations. The ancient city of Sagalassos, one of the major excavation sites in the eastern part of the Mediterranean, will be used as the primary test site.
Infobox suggestion for Wikipedia entities

Given the sheer amount of work and expertise required in authoring Wikipedia articles, automatic tools that help Wikipedia contributors in generating and improving content are valuable. This paper presents our initial step towards building a full-fledged author assistant, particularly for suggesting infobox templates for articles. We build SVM classifiers to suggest infobox template types, among a large number of possible types, to Wikipedia articles without infoboxes. Different from prior works on Wikipedia article classification which deal with only a few label classes for named entity recognition, the much larger 337-class setup in our study is geared towards realistic deployment of infobox suggestion tool. We also emphasize testing on articles without infoboxes, due to that labeled and unlabeled data exhibit different distributions of features, which departs from the typical assumption that they are drawn from the same underlying population.
The influence of hypoxia on the preferred temperature of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

The behavioural thermoregulation of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss was investigated in a shuttlebox at normoxia and at three levels of hypoxia: 13.3, 9.3 and 5.3 kPa. The final preferred temperatures at normoxia, and at 13.3, 9.3 and 5.3 kPa, were 16.1, 14.9, 15.0 and 12.7°C, respectively. A decreased rate of metabolism and an increased blood oxygen-affinity are among the physiological advantages of selecting a lower temperature during hypoxia. It is suggested that catecholamines may play a part in controlling temperature selection during hypoxia. In natural environments, this behaviour may result in habitat shifts of fish living in heterothermal environments with changing oxygen tensions.
Grandparental Child Care in Europe: Evidence for Preferential Investment in More Certain Kin

Theories of kin selection and parental investment predict stronger investment in children and grandchildren by women and maternal kin. Due to paternity uncertainty, parental and grandparental investments along paternal lineages are based on less certain genetic relatedness with the children and grandchildren. Additionally, the hypothesis of preferential investment (Laham, Gonsalkorale, and von Hippel, 2005) predicts investment to vary according to available investment options. Two previous studies have tested this hypothesis with small samples and conflicting results. Using the second wave of the large and multinational Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), collected in 2006–07, we study the preferential investment hypothesis in contemporary Europe based on self-reported grandparental provision of child care. We predict that 1) maternal grandmothers provide most care for their grandchildren, followed by maternal grandfathers, paternal grandmothers and last by paternal grandfathers; 2) maternal grandfathers and paternal grandmothers provide equal amounts of care when the latter do not have grandchildren via a daughter; 3) women who have grandchildren via both a daughter and a son will look after the children of the daughter more; and 4) men who have grandchildren via both a daughter and a son will look after the children of the daughter more. Results support all four hypotheses and provide evidence for the continuing effects of paternity uncertainty in contemporary kin behavior.
Reliability analysis of buffer stage in mixed signal application

Abstract. This paper discusses reliability analysis of a buffer circuit targeted for an analog to digital converter application. The circuit designed in a 32 nm high-κ metal gate CMOS technology was investigated by circuit simulation and sensitivity analysis. This analysis was conducted for realistic time varying (AC) stress. As aging effects, negative and positive bias temperature instability, conducting and non-conducting hot carrier injection are taken into consideration. The aging contributions of these effects on the different transistors in the buffer circuit and on different buffer performance figures are evaluated. Using these results, the impact of an aged buffer circuit on the performance of a successive approximation ADC circuit is evaluated. The most severely affected performance due to aging is amplifier offset, which leads to time varying gain error in the ADC circuit.
Ganglioside GD3 Is Required for Neurogenesis and Long-Term Maintenance of Neural Stem Cells in the Postnatal Mouse Brain

The maintenance of a neural stem cell (NSC) population in mammalian postnatal and adult life is crucial for continuous neurogenesis and neural repair. However, the molecular mechanism of how NSC populations are maintained remains unclear. Gangliosides are important cellular membrane components in the nervous system. We previously showed that ganglioside GD3 plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the self-renewal capacity of NSCs in vitro. Here, we investigated its role in postnatal and adult neurogenesis in GD3-synthase knock-out (GD3S-KO) and wild-type mice. GD3S-KO mice with deficiency in GD3 and the downstream b-series gangliosides showed a progressive loss of NSCs both at the SVZ and the DG of the hippocampus. The decrease of NSC populations in the GD3S-KO mice resulted in impaired neurogenesis at the granular cell layer of the olfactory bulb and the DG in the adult. In addition, defects of the self-renewal capacity and radial glia-like stem cell outgrowth of postnatal GD3S-KO NSCs could be rescued by restoration of GD3 expression in these cells. Our study demonstrates that the b-series gangliosides, especially GD3, play a crucial role in the long-term maintenance NSC populations in postnatal mouse brain. Moreover, the impaired neurogenesis in the adult GD3S-KO mice led to depression-like behaviors. Thus, our results provide convincing evidence linking b-series gangliosides deficiency and neurogenesis defects to behavioral deficits, and support a crucial role of gangliosides in the long-term maintenance of NSCs in adult mice.
Understanding informal learning in small- and medium-sized enterprises in South Korea

Purpose This paper aims to explore informal learning experiences among employees working in South Korean small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with fewer than 100 employees. This study specifically seeks to understand the characteristics of informal learning in Korean SMEs and culturally sensitive contextual factors that shape informal learning. Design/methodology/approach To understand the complex, holistic nature of the phenomenon, the current study used a phenomenological qualitative approach. Eighteen full-time employees working at South Korean SMEs in knowledge-intensive industries were interviewed. Data were analyzed using Moustakas’s phenomenological analysis. Findings The findings emerged from the field data revealed four characteristics of informal learning in South Korean SMEs: absolute reliance on informal learning; rapid/immediate learning and application; relationship/client needs-based learning; and extensive trial and error. The current study also identified South Korean SMEs’ unique organizational context (i.e. a family-like atmosphere, one employee-multiple tasks, passive investment in employees and the absence of systems) and Korean culture (i.e. Gab-Eul relations and chemyon) that drive the emergence of SMEs’ informal learning characteristics. Originality/value Very little empirical research has been conducted to explain how informal learning actually occurs and why such learning patterns have emerged in South Korean SMEs. The findings of this study have a profound impact on practice and academia, as it unveils characteristics of informal learning in SMEs, the unique cultural context in which Korean SMEs operate and how these characteristics impact the learning process.
Wolf-Rayet stars in M33 - II. Optical spectroscopy of emission-line stars in giant H II regions

We present optical spectra of 14 emission-line stars in M33’s giant H II regions NGC 592, 595 and 604: five of them are known Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars, for which we present a better quality spectrogram, eight are WR candidates based on narrow-band imagery and one is a serendipitous discovery. Spectroscopy confirms the power of interference filter imagery to detect emission-line stars down to an equivalent width of about 5 A in crowded fields. We have also used archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/WFPC2 (Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2) images to correctly identify emission-line stars in NGC 592 and 588.
Audio-lingual and Visual-facial Emotion Recognition: Towards a Bi-modal Interaction System

Towards building a multimodal affect recognition system, we have built a facial expression recognition system and a audio-lingual affect recognition system. In this paper, we present and discuss the development and evaluation process of the two subsystems, concerning the recognition of emotions from audio-lingual and visual-facial modalities. Many researchers agree that these modalities are complementary to each other and that the combination of the two can improve the accuracy in affective user models. Therefore in this paper we present a combination of two modes using multi-criteria decision making theories. The resulted system takes advantage of the strengths of each mode and is more accurate in emotion recognition.
Integrating data from biological experiments into metabolic networks with the DBE information system

Modern 'omics'-technologies result in huge amounts of data about life processes. For analysis and data mining purposes this data has to be considered in the context of the underlying biological networks. This work presents an approach for integrating data from biological experiments into metabolic networks by mapping the data onto network elements and visualising the data enriched networks automatically. This methodology is implemented in DBE, an information system that supports the analysis and visualisation of experimental data in the context of metabolic networks. It consists of five parts: (1) the DBE-Database for consistent data storage, (2) the Excel-Importer application for the data import, (3) the DBE-Website as the interface for the system, (4) the DBE-Pictures application for the up- and download of binary (e. g. image) files, and (5) DBE-Gravisto, a network analysis and graph visualisation system. The usability of this approach is demonstrated in two examples.
Game Theoretic Analysis of Production-Management Effort Distribution in Organizational Networks

Organizations consist of individuals connected by their responsibilities, incentives, and reporting structure. These connections are aptly represented by a network, hierarchical or other, which is often used to divide tasks. A primary goal of the organization as a whole is to maximize the net productive output. Individuals in these networks trade off between their productive and managing efforts to perform these tasks and the trade-off is influenced by their positions and share of rewards in the network. Efforts of the agents here are substitutable, e.g., the increase in the productive effort by an individual in effect reduces the same of some other individual in the network, who now puts their efforts into management. The management effort of an agent improves the productivity of certain other agents in the network. In this paper, we carry out a detailed game-theoretic analysis of individual's equilibrium split of efforts into multiple components when connected over a network. We provide a design recipe of the reward sharing scheme that maximizes the net productive output. Our results show that under the strategic behavior of the agents, it may not always be possible to achieve the optimal output using an idea from game theory called the price of anarchy.
Distribution of acetylated alpha-tubulin in Physarum polycephalum

The expression and cytological distribution of acetylated alpha-tubulin was investigated in Physarum polycephalum. A monoclonal antibody specific for acetylated alpha-tubulin, 6-11B-1 (Piperno, G., and M. T. Fuller, 1985, J. Cell Biol., 101:2085-2094), was used to screen for this protein during three different stages of the Physarum life cycle-- the amoeba, the flagellate, and the plasmodium. Western blots of two- dimensional gels of amoebal and flagellate proteins reveal that this antibody recognizes the alpha 3 tubulin isotype, which was previously shown to be formed by posttranslational modification (Green, L. L., and W. F. Dove, 1984, Mol. Cell. Biol., 4:1706-1711). Double-label immunofluorescence demonstrates that, in the flagellate, acetylated alpha-tubulin is localized in the flagella and flagellar cone. Similar experiments with amoebae interestingly reveal that only within the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) are there detectable amounts of acetylated alpha-tubulin. In contrast, the plasmodial stage gives no evidence for acetylated alpha-tubulin by Western blotting or by immunofluorescence.
CHRONOS-TRAINER : A RAPID PROTOTYPING FRAMEWORK FOR REALTIME AUDIO PATTERN RECOGNITION

We present the Chronos-Trainer Framework for developing audio pattern recognition systems with a focus on both offline prototyping and realtime execution. The framework covers feature extraction, labelling, classifier training, evaluation and execution. It is implemented as a hybrid Simulink MATLAB C++ Java Framework which enables seamless transformation of algorithms from MATLABand Simulink-prototypes to highly optimized binary code that can be integrated into online (realtime) and offline applications.
Tactile Spatial Acuity Enhancement in Blindness: Evidence for Experience-Dependent Mechanisms

Tactile spatial acuity is enhanced in blindness, according to several studies, but the cause of this enhancement has been controversial. Two competing hypotheses are the tactile experience hypothesis (reliance on the sense of touch drives tactile-acuity enhancement) and the visual deprivation hypothesis (the absence of vision itself drives tactile-acuity enhancement). Here, we performed experiments to distinguish between these two hypotheses. We used force-controlled grating orientation tasks to compare the passive (finger stationary) tactile spatial acuity of 28 profoundly blind and 55 normally sighted humans on the index, middle, and ring fingers of each hand, and on the lips. The tactile experience hypothesis predicted that blind participants would outperform the sighted on the fingers, and that Braille reading would correlate with tactile acuity. The visual deprivation hypothesis predicted that blind participants would outperform the sighted on fingers and lips. Consistent with the tactile experience hypothesis, the blind significantly outperformed the sighted on all fingers, but not on the lips. Additionally, among blind participants, proficient Braille readers on their preferred reading index finger outperformed nonreaders. Finally, proficient Braille readers performed better with their preferred reading index finger than with the opposite index finger, and their acuity on the preferred reading finger correlated with their weekly reading time. These results clearly implicate reliance on the sense of touch as the trigger for tactile spatial acuity enhancement in the blind, and suggest the action of underlying experience-dependent neural mechanisms such as somatosensory and/or cross-modal cortical plasticity.
Biological Roles of Resolvins and Related Substances in the Resolution of Pain

Endogenous pain-inhibitory substances have rarely been found. A group of powerful pain suppressor molecules that are endogenously generated are now emerging: resolvins and related compounds including neuroprotectins and maresins. These molecules began to be unveiled in a series of inflammation studies more than a decade ago, rapidly shifting the paradigm that explains the mechanism for the inflammatory phase switch. The resolution phase was considered a passive process as proinflammatory mediators disappeared; it is now understood to be actively drawn by the actions of resolvins. Surprisingly, these substances potently affect the pain state. Although this research area is not fully matured, consistently beneficial outcomes have been observed in a various in vivo and in vitro pain models. Furthermore, multiple hypotheses on the neuronal and molecular mechanisms for alleviating pain are being tested, deriving inspiration from existing inflammation and pain studies. This paper serves as a brief summary of the proresolving roles of resolvins and related lipid mediators in inflammation and also as a review for accumulated information of their painkilling actions. This also includes potential receptor-mediated mechanisms and discusses future scientific perspectives. Further diverse approaches will help to construct a hidden axis of natural protection principles and establish proofs of concept for pain relief.
An infrastructure for the evaluation and comparison of information retrieval systems

Even though information retrieval systems have been successfully deployed for over 45 years, the field continues to evolve in performance, functionality, and accuracy. There are hundreds of different products available with different indexing and retrieval characteristics. How does one choose the appropriate system for a given application? The first step in that choice is the creation of a framework for comparison of IR products and an infrastructure that supports automated execution and analysis of testing results. The next step is providing an environment for subjective measurement using human evaluators. In this paper we briefly introduce the concepts used in IR system evaluation and report on our initial implementation of a framework for evaluating indexing performance. We also report a test case, which provides a comparative analysis of the indexing characteristics for three IR system implementations using a common collection of documents.
Three-Dimensional Simulations of the Parker Instability in a Uniformly-rotating Disk

We investigate the, nonlinear effects of uniform rotation on the Parker instability in an exponentially-stratified disk through high-resolution simulations. During the linear stage, the speed of gas motion is subsonic and the evolution with the rotation is not much different from that without the rotation. This is because the Coriolis force is small. During the nonlinear stage, oppositely-directed supersonic flows near a magnetic valley are under the influence of the Coriolis force with different directions, resulting in twisted magnetic field lines near the valley. Sheet-like structures, which are tilted with respect to the initial field direction, are formed with an 1.5 enhancement of column density with respect to its initial value. Even though uniform rotation doesn't give much impact on density enhancement, it generates helically twisted field lines, which may become an additional support mechanism of clouds.
Alcohol and the heart: does raising high-density lipoprotein matter?

The well-documented capacity of alcohol consumption to increase levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol1 has generated attempts to assess the extent to which this effect might contribute to the reduced incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) that has been observed in moderate consumers of alcohol.2 Several reports based on multiple regression models in observational cohort studies have indicated that this contribution may be substantial.3–5 However, Magnus et al,6 who have performed a similar analysis in a large Norwegian cohort, have concluded that serum HDL cholesterol is not in the causal pathway connecting alcohol to CHD protection. The validity of the data that were used for their analysis is supported by their documentation of dose-dependent relationships of moderate alcohol intake with both higher HDL cholesterol and lower CHD risk. Article see p 2296 This article is important for several reasons. First, there is a well-known publication bias against negative findings, which can result in overestimation of effect magnitude. Second, the study may reveal important heterogeneity …