Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recursion for twisted descendants and characteristic numbers of rational curves

On a space of stable maps, the psi classes are modified by subtracting certain boundary divisors. The top products of modified psi classes, usual psi classes, and classes pulled back along the evaluation maps are called twisted descendants; it is shown that in genus 0, they admit a complete recursion and are determined by the Gromov-Witten invariants. One motivation for this construction is that all characteristic numbers (of rational curves) can be interpreted as twisted descendants; this is explained in the second part, using pointed tangency classes. As an example, some of Schubert's numbers of twisted cubics are verified.
A new pitch modeling approach for Mandarin speech

In this paper, a new approach to model syllable pitch contour for Mandarin speech is proposed. It takes the mean and shape of syllable pitch contour as two basic modeling units and considers several affecting factors that contribute to their variations. Parameters of the two models are automatically estimated by the EM algorithm. Experimental results showed that RMSEs of 0.551 ms and 0.614 ms in the reconstructed pitch were obtained for the closed and open tests, respectively. All inferred values of those affecting factors agreed well with our prior linguistic knowledge. Besides, the prosodic states automatically labeled by the pitch mean model provided useful cues to determine the prosodic phrase boundaries occurred at inter-syllable locations without punctuation marks. So it is a promising pitch modeling approach.
Accelerator design for protein sequence HMM search

Profile Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are a powerful approach to describing biologically significant functional units, or motifs, in protein sequences. Entire databases of such models are regularly compared to large collections of proteins to recognize motifs in them. Exponentially increasing rates of genome sequencing have caused both protein and model databases to explode in size, placing an ever-increasing computational burden on users of these systems.Here, we describe an accelerated search system that exploits parallelism in a number of ways. First, the application is functionally decomposed into a pipeline, with distinct compute resources executing each pipeline stage. Second, the first pipeline stage is deployed on a systolic array, which yields significant fine-grained parallelism. Third, for some instantiations of the design, parallel copies of the first pipeline stage are used, further increasing the level of coarse-grained parallelism.A naïve parallelization of the first stage computation has serious repercussions for the sensitivity of the search. We present a pair of remedies to this dilemma and quantify the regions of interest within which each approach is most effective. Analytic performance models are used to assess the overall speedup that can be attained relative to a single-processor software solution. Performance improvements of 1 to 2 orders of magnitude are predicted.
The impact of problem statement languages on evaluating and improving software performance

The need to improve the methods by which large software systems are constructed is becoming widely recognized. For example, in a recent study (Office of Management and Budget) to improve the effectiveness of systems analysts and programmers, a project team stated that: "The most important way to improve the effectiveness of the government systems analysts and programmers is by reducing the TIME now spent on systems analysis, design, implementations, and maintenance while maintaining or improving the present level of ADP system quality. "
Obesity in Adults Is Associated With Reduced Lung Function in Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes

OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to investigate whether reduced lung function is associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) and diabetes (DM) in American Indians (AIs) and to determine whether lower pulmonary function presents before the development of DM or MS. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Strong Heart Study (SHS) is a multicenter, prospective study of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors among AI adults. The present analysis used lung function assessment by standard spirometry at the SHS second examination (1993–1995) in 2,396 adults free of overt lung disease or CVD, with or without DM or MS. Among MS-free/DM-free participants, the development of MS/DM at the SHS third examination (1996–1999) was investigated. RESULTS Significantly lower pulmonary function was observed for AIs with MS or DM. Impaired pulmonary function was associated with MS and DM after adjustment for age, sex, abdominal obesity, current smoking status, physical activity index, hypertension, and SHS field center. Both forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) were negatively associated with insulin resistance or DM severity and with serum markers of inflammation (P < 0.05). FVC and FEV1-to-FVC ratio both predicted DM in unadjusted analyses but not when adjusted for covariates, including waist circumference. In the adjusted model, abdominal obesity predicted both MS and DM. CONCLUSIONS Reduced lung function is independently associated with MS and with DM, and impaired lung function presents before the development of MS or DM; these associations may result from the effects of obesity and inflammation.
Stem domains of heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase are required for Golgi localization, oligomer formation and enzyme activity

Heparan sulfate O-sulfotransferases catalyze the O-sulfation of the glucosamine and uronic acid residues of heparan sulfate, thereby determining the binding sites for ligands necessary for important biological functions such as the formation of morphogen gradients and growth factor signaling. Here we investigated the localization of the three heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase (HS6ST) isoforms and the mechanism of their localization. All three GFP-tagged HS6STs localized in the Golgi apparatus. C-5 epimerase and HS2ST have been shown to form complexes that facilitate their localization in the Golgi but we found that the absence of HS2ST did not alter the localization of any of the HS6STs. Neither the forced expression of HS2ST in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the deletion of most of the lumenal domain nor increasing the length of the transmembrane domain had any effect on the localization of HS6STs. However, deletions in the stem region did affect the Golgi localization of the HS6STs and also reduced their sulfotransferase activity and oligomer formation. These findings suggest that the stem region of HS6ST plays an important role in normal functioning, including the transit of HS6ST to the Golgi apparatus and maintaining the active conformation essential for enzyme activity.
Speech Characteristics of Indonesian Caregivers Towards Elderly in Japan

This study aims to find out the speech characteristics used by caregiver when serving elderly patients. The usage of appropriate speech related to selection of appropriate vocabulary and language. And also related to the use of speech level in Japanese, whether using keigo or futsuukei. This study also focus on speech affect the comfort of the elderly patient. This study was conducted some nursing home in Japan. Random sampling method was applied to select the research location. The subject of this research is Indonesian caregiver spreaded in 6 nursing home, the elderly, and the management of the hospital. Methods in collecting the data are observation, questionnaires, and interviews. The results of this study is a collection of specific vocabulary in the field of nursing, as well as the characteristic of caregiver’s Japanese utterances understand from the type of speech and the choice of vocabulary used when speaking. Keywords—speech; politeness strategy; Indonesian caregiver;
Irreversibility induced density limits and logical reversiblity in nanocircuits

Logical irreversibility will be an important factor to consider in nanocircuits, which reach gate density and operating frequency in the regime of the recently experimentally proven Landauer's Principle. The resulting heat density will limit the performance of classical digital circuits implemented with nanoscale components, when other heat factors are minimized, as in the predicted highly energy-efficient emerging technologies. We demonstrate this effect by calculating the expected logic and heat densities of various computer arithmetic units proposed for quantum-dot cellular automata, which is a computing paradigm offering molecular implementations and ultra-high signal energy conservation. The predicted worst case maximum operating frequencies are one or two orders of magnitude lower than the inherent technology switching rate of the molecular implementations, but increasing the degree of logical reversiblity may alleviate the problem. These results confirm that circuit design for the emerging technologies must account for irreversibility and the Landauer's Principle, which governs all high density and high energy-efficency post-CMOS technologies.
the organization of the software industry from a traditional and a transaction-cost perspective

The software industry has demonstrated an impressive growth and innovative force since its beginning in the 1950’s. This article will discuss the organization of the software industry, looking from a microeconomic and a transaction-cost oriented perspective. Overall, a picture of rapid technological change, network externalities and easy reproduction seem paradigmatic to the organization of software industry. In the face of these properties, a high degree of concentration may be unavoidable. Rapid technological change combined with technology being the most important strategic asset of the software firm calls for alliances, to reduce uncertainty and draw from each others stock of knowledge. Network externalities and switching costs combine to lock-in consumers at an early stage of adoption, thereby creating a natural monopoly. Thirdly, easy reproduction opens up the ability of strategic pricing, deterring new entrants from entering the market. Observing the rising and falling of software monopolies, one is tempted to identify a Schumpeterian process of creative destruction. Because of the rapid growth and change of the software market, collusion and integration might not threaten market performance the way they do in other sectors.
Online path replanning of autonomous mobile robot with Spline based algorithm

The twodimensional path planning with obstacle avoidance for autonomous mobile robot in indoor environment moving with constant speed is presented. The objective is to find the collision free path form partially known area by giving a desired start and goal positions and their orientations from range sensor data. When possible, the shortest path can be firstly created offline from known information data like the robot navigation module or given map. Following the pre-calculated path, if the sensor attached to mobile robot that receives the signal in range of 3-5 meter in 180 degree around it in driving direction; we can extract the geometry and make sure that whether it is the obstacles. In case of finding one, we recalculate the new sub-path using the piecewise rational Bezier curve from current point to the new determination point and its heading direction connected with others subpath from that point to goal. Each sub-path is recalculated when it meets the obstacles in between. At the connection point of each pieces must be overcome the curvature discontinuity problem in order to have smooth steering angle of the actuator. From this algorithm, we get the satisfactory path with smooth curve along the entire route in order to take gradually rate of change of steering angle for future path control algorithm in considerations. This method also guarantee that the robot is able to safety moves towards the goal using its knowledge and sensor information or prove that the robot can not move anyway in case of not possible to reach it
Sensitive Disclosures under Differential Privacy Guarantees

Non-independent reasoning (NIR) refers to learning the information of one record from other records, under the assumption that these records share the same underlying distribution. Accurate NIR could disclose private information of an individual. An important assumption made by differential privacy is that NIR is considered to be non-violation of privacy. In this work, we investigate the extent to which private information of an individual may be disclosed through NIR by query answers that satisfy differential privacy. We first define what a disclosure means under NIR by randomized query answers. We then present a formal analysis on such disclosures by differentially private query answers. Our analysis on real life datasets demonstrates that while disclosures of NIR can be eliminated by adopting a more restricted setting of differential privacy, such settings adversely affects the utility of query answers for data analysis, and this conflict can not be easily solved because both disclosures and utility depend on the accuracy of noisy query answers. This study suggests that under the assumption that the disclosure through NIR is a privacy concern, differential privacy is not suitable because it does not provide both privacy and utility.
Ece497pm Project Report a Hierarchical Statistical Model for Image Estimation

A Hierarchical Statistical Model for Image Estimation Juan Liu December 16, 1998 Abstract In literature, we have seen many statistical models for images. We pay special attention to models for wavelet{domain image representations. Besides making iid assumptions about wavelet coe cients, there exist more sophisticate models exploring dependencies among wavelet coe cients. In this report, we propose a new hierarchical statistical model which systematically combines interscale and intrascale dependencies. The proposed model is implemented into practical application such as denoising. Denoising performance is presented and analyzed. We also give explanation for its possible limitation.
I Get By… I'm Gonna Try with a Little Help from My Friends

List of Papers This thesis is based on the following papers, which are referred to in the text by their Roman numerals. Serial sectioning of breast cancer sentinel nodes does not significantly improve false negativity rate. Manuscript. on behalf of the Swedish Breast Cancer Group and the Swedish Society of Breast Surgeons. Axillary recurrence rate 5 years after negative sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer. Breast cancer survival in relation to the metastatic tumor burden in axillary lymph nodes. Prediction of non-sentinel lymph node metastases: evaluation of the Tenon score. Abbreviations ALND Axillary lymph node dissection cALND Completion axillary lymph node dissection AUC Area under the curve CSC Cancer stem cell EMT Epithelial to mesenchymal transition FNR False negative rate HE Haematoxylin and eosin IHC Immunohistochemistry ITC Isolated tumour cells MET Mesenchymal to epithelial transition OS Overall survival ROC Receiver operating characteristics SLN Sentinel lymph node SLNB Sentinel lymph node biopsy 11 Introduction
Accurate reconstruction of all‐atom protein representations from side‐chain‐based low‐resolution models

A procedure for the reconstruction of all‐atom protein structures from side‐chain center‐based low‐resolution models is introduced and applied to a set of test proteins with high‐resolution X‐ray structures. The accuracy of the rebuilt all‐atom models is measured by root mean square deviations to the corresponding X‐ray structures and percentages of correct χ1 and χ2 side‐chain dihedrals. The benefit of including Cα positions in the low‐resolution model is examined, and the effect of lattice‐based models on the reconstruction accuracy is discussed. Programs and scripts implementing the reconstruction procedure are made available through the NIH research resource for Multiscale Modeling Tools in Structural Biology (http://mmtsb.scripps.edu). Proteins 2000;41:86–97. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Finding Admissible Bounds for Oversubscription Planning Problems

When given a plan by a satisficing planner, it is usually not intuitive as to how close it is to the optimal solution. However, real world planning problems often require some metric on which to optimize, especially when goals are soft and resource constraints are involved, as is the case in oversubscribed planning problems. Unfortunately, little effort is given to find how close any plan may be to an optimal solution value. We set out to answer this shortcoming by providing a way to encode a relaxed version of over-subscribed planning problems in an integer program (IP) formulation. The solution to this formulation gives an admissible bound on the optimal solution value and can be further relaxed by dropping its integer constraints for better scalability.
A Look at Income Inequality

139 T he transition from a planned economy to a market economy was expected to lead to a rise in income disparities as wages and incomes moved to reflect individual productivity and effort. What was not expected was the range of distributional outcomes that we have seen. Although income disparities between the rich and the poor increased in all transition economies during the late 1980s and 1990s, the extent of the increase varied greatly from country to country. In Hungary, for example, the increase was surprisingly modest: the Gini coefficient for per capita income rose only from 0.21 in 1987 to 0.25 ten years later. (The Gini is an often-used inequality index that is particularly sensitive to changes in the middle of the income distribution.) In the Czech Republic, Poland, and Latvia, inequality rose more substantially, but the distribution remained fairly egalitarian. And yet in another group of countries , most notably those of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the increase in inequality far exceeded anything ever seen before. almost doubled (table 4.1). With Ginis around 0.5 or above, inequality in Russia, Armenia, Tajikistan, and the Kyrgyz Republic is now comparable to that observed in some of the most highly unequal economies in Latin America. Inequality in Estonia or Bulgaria rivals that of Peru or Venezuela (figure 4.1). However, unlike in Latin America where inequality has been high yet fairly stable, the deterioration of the income distribution in the CIS has occurred in only a decade—a change of unprecedented magnitude and speed. Not surprisingly, this has rendered the sense of relative deprivation of those at
Limits on dust and metallicity evolution of Lyα forest clouds from COBE

We consider the possible observational consequences of dust and metals in Lyα forest clouds. We relate the dust content, ΟdLyα, to the metal evolution of the absorbers and assume that dust is heated by the ultraviolet background radiation and by the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We find that the dust temperature deviates from TCMB by at most 10 per cent at redshift z=0. The Lyα cloud dust opacity to redshift ∼ 5 sources around the observed wavelength λ0∼ 1 μ m is τ∼ 0.13, and could affect observations of the distant universe in that band. The expected CMB spectral distortions arising from high-z dust in Ly α clouds is ∼ 1.25--10 smaller than the current COBE upper limit, depending on the metallicity evolution of the clouds. If Ly α clouds are clustered, the corresponding CMB anisotropy due to dust is ∼ 10-1 on angular scales θ≤ 10 arcsec at frequencies probed by various future/ongoing far-infrared (FIR) missions, which makes these fluctuations potentially detectable in the near future. Emission from C ii fine-structure transitions could considerably contribute to the submillimetre (submm) range of the FIR background radiation. Depending on the ionization of carbon and on the density of metal-enriched regions, this contribution can be comparable with the observed residual flux at λ≈ 0.15 mm, after CMB subtraction. We argue that constraints on metal evolution versus redshift can be obtained from the observed flux in that range.
ςB Activity Depends on RsbU inStaphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT Derivatives of the widely used laboratory strainStaphylococcus aureus NCTC8325, which are naturalrsbU mutants, were shown to be unable to produce RsbU, a positive regulator of the alternative sigma factor ςB. The lack of RsbU prevented the heat-dependent production of ςB-controlled transcripts and resulted in reduced H2O2 and UV tolerance, enhanced alpha-hemolysin activity, and the inability to produce the alkaline shock protein Asp23. After 48 h of growth, rsbU mutant strains failed to accumulate staphyloxanthin, the major stationary-phase carotenoid. Transcription of Asp23 was found to be exclusively controlled by ςB, making it an excellent target for the study of ςB activity in S. aureus. Reporter gene experiments, using the firefly luciferase gene (luc+) fused to the ςB-dependent promoter(s) ofasp23, revealed that ςB is almost inactive in 8325 derivatives. cis complementation of the 8325 derivative BB255 with the wild-type rsbU gene from strain COL produced the rsbU+ derivative GP268, a strain possessing a ςB activity profile comparable to that of the rsbU+ wild-type strain Newman. In GP268, the heat inducibility of ςB-dependent genes, Asp23 production, alpha-hemolysin activity, pigmentation, and susceptibility to H2O2 were restored to the levels observed in strain Newman, clearly demonstrating that RsbU is needed for activation of ςB in S. aureus.
Prognostic Significance of p53, mTOR, c-Met, IGF-1R, and HSP70 Overexpression after the Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background/Aims The current study examines the expression of molecular biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and whether these findings correlate with the clinicopathologic features of the disease and patient survival. Methods We analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of p53, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), c-Met, and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) with the clinicopathologic features of 83 HCCs. Results p53 expression was higher in the male patients with undifferentiated histological tumor grades, cirrhosis, and portal vein invasion. High 48 c-Met expression correlated with cirrhosis, and high mTOR expression correlated with the tumor grade and cirrhosis. High IGF-1R expression correlated with the tumor grade and cirrhosis. A multivariate analysis identified a significant relationship between the high expression of p53, tumor grade, and portal vein invasion. In addition, a high expression of mTOR was related to tumor grade and cirrhosis, and a high expression of HSP70 was related to portal vein invasion in a multivariate analysis. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve for patients with high versus low Edmondson grades and p53 expression was statistically significant. Conclusions p53, mTOR, and IGF-1R expression correlated with the Edmondson tumor grade in a univariate analysis, while p53 and mTOR correlated with the Edmondson tumor grade in a multivariate analysis. In addition, the tumor grade was found to predict survival. p53 was primarily related to the clinicopathologic features compared to other markers, and it is a poor prognostic factor of survival.