Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relation between diastolic perfusion time and coronary artery stenosis during stress-induced myocardial ischemia.

BACKGROUND Experimental studies have demonstrated that during stress-induced myocardial ischemia, coronary obstruction and diastolic perfusion time are factors that limit subendocardial perfusion and correlate to degree of myocardial dysfunction. The relation between these two factors has not yet been investigated in humans. The aim of the present study was to assess the relation between diastolic perfusion time and degree of coronary stenosis during different types of stress tests. METHODS AND RESULTS Nine patients with isolated and proximal stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery were selected. Patients underwent three different randomized stress tests (upright, supine bicycle stress test, and transesophageal atrial pacing). Diastolic perfusion time, heart rate (RR interval), and systolic and diastolic pressures were measured during the test and at the ischemic threshold (0.1-mV ST-segment depression). Angiographic measurements of coronary stenosis were evaluated by quantitative coronary angiography. At the ischemic threshold, significant differences among tests were found in heart rate (P < .05), systolic pressure (P < .001), and diastolic pressure (P < .05). In each stress test, diastolic perfusion time at the ischemic threshold was closely correlated with minimal stenosis diameter (r = .97; P < .001) and percent diameter stenosis (r = .92; P < .001) with no difference among the tests. In contrast, heart rate, rate-pressure product, and time to ischemic threshold were not significantly correlated with percent diameter stenosis and minimal stenosis diameter. No significant correlation was observed at the ischemic threshold between diastolic perfusion time and corresponding values of heart rate, despite the close correlation at rest (r = .95; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Despite differences in associated hemodynamic responses to various stress tests, a close relation exists between stenosis severity and diastolic perfusion time at the onset of stress-induced myocardial ischemia. Therefore, diastolic perfusion time at the ischemic threshold may be an indirect estimate of the hemodynamic significance of coronary stenosis.
dGTP triphosphohydrolase, a unique enzyme confined to members of the family Enterobacteriaceae

The enzyme dGTP triphosphohydrolase (dGTPase; EC 3.1.5.1) was assayed in partially purified extracts of several genera of bacteria, and it was found to be strictly confined to members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Whereas 11 of 12 enteric bacteria had comparable activity for this enzyme, 8 of 8 nonenteric bacteria, including species in the very closely related genera Vibrio and Aeromonas, did not assay positively for this enzyme. When challenged with Escherichia coli anti-dGTPase antiserum, the active enzymes fell into three groups, retaining 0, approximately 50, or 100% of their original activity. A computer search has revealed an amino acid sequence in the E. coli enzyme which matches well with the single-stranded-DNA binding motif of Prasad and Chiu (J. Mol. Biol. 193:579-584, 1987) and may account for the enzyme's observed interaction with DNA. As far as we are aware, this is the only enzymatic activity so far reported to be present solely in the enteric bacteria.
The predisposition to type 1 diabetes linked to the human leukocyte antigen complex includes at least one non-class II gene.

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex, encompassing 3.5 Mb of DNA from the centromeric HLA-DPB2 locus to the telomeric HLA-F locus on chromosome 6p21, encodes a major part of the genetic predisposition to develop type 1 diabetes, designated "IDDM1. " A primary role for allelic variation of the class II HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DQB1 loci has been established. However, studies of animals and humans have indicated that other, unmapped, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-linked genes are participating in IDDM1. The strong linkage disequilibrium between genes in this complex makes mapping a difficult task. In the present paper, we report on the approach we have devised to circumvent the confounding effects of disequilibrium between class II alleles and alleles at other MHC loci. We have scanned 12 Mb of the MHC and flanking chromosome regions with microsatellite polymorphisms and analyzed the transmission of these marker alleles to diabetic probands from parents who were homozygous for the alleles of the HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DQB1 genes. Our analysis, using three independent family sets, suggests the presence of an additional type I diabetes gene (or genes). This approach is useful for the analysis of other loci linked to common diseases, to verify if a candidate polymorphism can explain all of the association of a region or if the association is due to two or more loci in linkage disequilibrium with each other.
University Policies and Programs for Crime Prevention and Awareness

Crime on college campuses has increasingly become an area of public concern. While the Clery Act requires universities to disclose crime statistics and provide some methods of prevention, crimes on university campuses still appear to be a common problem. The purpose of this study was to examine how institutions were using the Internet to provide students with resources to promote crime prevention and awareness. Specifically, we assessed what online resources and programs institutions provided to students and then evaluated whether these resources met the general requirements of Clery. The accessibility of resources was also examined as well as how both accessibility and compliance with Clery varied across regions and student populations. The findings indicate that while most universities and colleges provide some methods of prevention or disclosure, few universities and colleges go beyond mere compliance by proactively attempting to prevent crime and/or educate their students about crime.
In support of a diversity of methods : eyewitness memory in actual cases of robbery and fraud

Much of our knowledge of eyewitness memory is built on laboratorybased studies. In recent years this has caused a controversy, the resolution of which seems to be an acceptance of the need to learn about eyewitness memory from a variety of methods such as field studies, case, and archival research. The thesis reports an archival analysis of actual Royal Canadian Mounted Police case files of robbery and fraud. Previous research on the configuration of robberies was replicated. The majority of robberies are victim-only crimes that do not involve bystander eyewitnesses. Robbery victims and witnesses provided more details (10.96 and 9.37 respectively) regarding the perpetrator’s appearance than fraud victims (2.11). Less than 10% of robbery victims and witnesses, but almost 75% of fraud victims were unable to describe the perpetrator. All eyewitnesses tended to overestimate age and underestimate height and weight. Identification outcomes were analyzed according to the evidence category of the perpetrator (Confession, Implicating and None). The likeithood that the police suspect was indeed the actual perpetrator is assumed to be highest in the Confession condition and lowest in the None condition. In the Confession condition, the police suspect was selected by 84.6% of robbery victims, 55.55 of robbery witnesses and by 22.7% of fraud victims. Identification accuracy was adversely influence by the average delay between the crime and attempting an identification. Delay was a confound in these analyses as on average, victims of robbery attempted their identifications sooner than both robbery witnesses and fraud victims. Limited support was
Robust Operation of Energy Storage System with Uncertain Load Profiles

In this paper, we propose novel techniques to reduce total cost and peak load of factories from a customer point of view. We control energy storage system (ESS) to minimize the total electricity bill under the Korea commercial and industrial (KCI) tariff, which both considers peak load and time of use (ToU). Under the KCI tariff, the average peak load, which is the maximum among all average power consumptions measured every 15 min for the past 12 months, determines the monthly base cost, and thus peak load control is extremely critical. We aim to leverage ESS for both peak load reduction based on load prediction as well as energy arbitrage exploiting ToU. However, load prediction inevitably has uncertainty, which makes ESS operation challenging with KCI tariff. To tackle it, we apply robust optimization to minimize risk in a real environment. Our approach significantly reduces the peak load by 49.9% and the total cost by 10.8% compared to the case that does not consider load uncertainty. In doing this we also consider battery degradation cost and validate the practical use of the proposed techniques.
Carboxyl‐Terminal Truncations of Human Anion Exchanger Impair its Trafficking to the Plasma Membrane

The human anion exchanger AE1 (Band 3) is an abundant glycoprotein localized in plasma membrane of red cells and is responsible for the electro‐neutral exchange of chloride for bicarbonate. In order to determine the role of the carboxyl‐terminal tail of AE1 in its expression, function and trafficking to the plasma membrane, we generated a series of five constructs encoding truncation mutants missing the last 5 (Δ5), 11 (Δ11), 15 (Δ15), 20 (Δ20) or 35 (Δ35) amino‐acids. In transiently transfected HEK 293 cells, immunoblotting of whole cell extracts showed that all the proteins were expressed at the same level as full‐length AE1, except Δ20 and particularly Δ35, which showed a reduced expression. Furthermore, the last 15 amino‐acids were not required for AE1 folding in the membrane, since Δ5, Δ11 and Δ15 were able to bind to an inhibitor affinity matrix, while Δ20 and Δ35 exhibited poor binding. Immunofluorescence and deglycosylation results showed that Δ15 and Δ11 were retained intracellularly, whereas a lower amount of Δ5 compared with WT trafficked to the plasma membrane. These results indicate that an intact C‐terminal tail of human AE1 is important for efficient AE1 trafficking to the plasma membrane.
Dispersal is fundamental to biogeography and the evolution of biodiversity on oceanic islands

Vicariance biogeography emerged several decades ago from the fusion of cladistics and plate tectonics, and quickly came to dominate historical biogeography. The field has since been largely constrained by the notion that only processes of vicariance and not dispersal offer testable patterns and refutable hypotheses, dispersal being a random process essentially adding only noise to a vicariant system. A consequence of this thinking seems to have been a focus on the biogeography of continents and continental islands, considering the biogeography of oceanic islands less worthy of scientific attention because, being dependent on stochastic dispersal, it was uninteresting. However, the importance of dispersal is increasingly being recognized, and here we stress its fundamental role in the generation of biodiversity on oceanic islands that have been created in situ, never connected to larger land masses. Historical dispersal patterns resulting in modern distributions, once considered unknowable, are now being revealed in many plant and animal taxa, in large part through the analysis of polymorphic molecular markers. We emphasize the profound evolutionary insights that oceanic island biodiversity has provided, and the fact that, although small in area, oceanic islands harbour disproportionately high biodiversity and numbers of endemic taxa. We further stress the importance of continuing research on mechanisms generating oceanic island biodiversity, especially detection of general, non‐random patterns of dispersal, and hence the need to acknowledge oceanic dispersal as significant and worthy of research.
In-Season Mapping of Crop Type with Optical and X-Band SAR Data: A Classification Tree Approach Using Synoptic Seasonal Features

The work focuses on developing a classification tree approach for in-season crop mapping during early summer, by integrating optical (Landsat 8 OLI) and X-band SAR (COSMO-SkyMed) data acquired over a test site in Northern Italy. The approach is based on a classification tree scheme fed with a set of synoptic seasonal features (minimum, maximum and average, computed over the multi-temporal datasets) derived from vegetation and soil condition proxies for optical (three spectral indices) and X-band SAR (backscatter) data. Best performing input features were selected based on crop type separability and preliminary classification tests. The final outputs are crop maps identifying seven crop types, delivered during the early growing season (mid-July). Validation was carried out for two seasons (2013 and 2014), achieving overall accuracy greater than 86%. Results highlighted the contribution of the X-band backscatter (σ°) in improving mapping accuracy and promoting the transferability of the algorithm over a different year, when compared to using only optical features.
Assessing the Relationship between SafeCare Fidelity and Competence Measures

Rebecca Palmer Assessing the Relationship between SafeCare Fidelity and Competence Measures (Under the direction of Daniel Whitaker, Ph.D.) As more evidence-based programs are implemented in community settings, there is a strong need to ensure those models are implemented with integrity. Implementation of programs should be evaluated for fidelity, the degree of adherence to treatment protocols, and competence, the level of skill in implementation (Schoenwald et al., 2011). The purpose of this study was to review audio recordings of SafeCare home visiting sessions to discover the relationship between the measures of fidelity and competence. Six coders were assigned 209 SafeCare home visiting audiotapes to be coded for fidelity and competence. A sample of audios were double coded to evaluate fidelity and competence scores for inter-rater reliability. Fidelity and competence items were classified into process and content categories, forming the six main variables of process fidelity, content fidelity, total fidelity, process competence, content competence, and total competence. Total fidelity correlated with total competence at a level of . 615, with process fidelity and process competence correlating at a much lower level than content items. The total correlation level can be interpreted as that fidelity and competence are strongly related measures, but are not identical constructs. The goal for SafeCare coders would be to continue refining competence definitions and attempting to remove the subjective nature from the competence coding process. With these two efforts, competence reliability should increase to an acceptable level. Given the main fidelity and competence correlation level, it is advisable for SafeCare coders to continue to code both fidelity and competence to avoid missing valuable components of the session. Additional research may be needed once the competence scale becomes better established. INDEX WORDS: implementation research, fidelity, competence, parent-training programs, evidence-based programs, SafeCare model ASSESSING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SAFECARE FIDELITY AND COMPETENCE MEASURES By REBECCA PALMER B.S., DUKE UNIVERSITY A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF PUBLIC HEALTH ATLANTA, GEORGIA
Real Time Assessment of Computational Thinking

This paper suggests a Cyberlearning tool based on a highly innovative assessment methodology that helps teachers with computer science education. Currently, there is a strong push to integrate aspects of programming and coding into the classroom environment. However, few if any tools exist that enable real-time formative assessment of in-class programming tasks. The proposed REACT (Real Time Evaluation and Assessment of Computational Thinking) system is a first step toward allowing teachers to see which high-level concepts students have mastered and which ones they are struggling with as students code in real time. REACT supports and facilitates the teaching of 21st century computing skills such as computational thinking [1] in the classroom environment.
Titanium-Based Biomaterials for Preventing Stress Shielding between Implant Devices and Bone

β-type titanium alloys with low Young's modulus are required to inhibit bone atrophy and enhance bone remodeling for implants used to substitute failed hard tissue. At the same time, these titanium alloys are required to have high static and dynamic strength. On the other hand, metallic biomaterials with variable Young's modulus are required to satisfy the needs of both patients and surgeons, namely, low and high Young's moduli, respectively. In this paper, we have discussed effective methods to improve the static and dynamic strength while maintaining low Young's modulus for β-type titanium alloys used in biomedical applications. Then, the advantage of low Young's modulus of β-type titanium alloys in biomedical applications has been discussed from the perspective of inhibiting bone atrophy and enhancing bone remodeling. Further, we have discussed the development of β-type titanium alloys with a self-adjusting Young's modulus for use in removable implants.
Connexin hemichannels contribute to spontaneous electrical activity in the human fetal cortex

Significance Young neurons require occasional bursts of action-potential firing to maintain intracellular processes, to drive gene expression, to indicate their presence in a new location, and to attract and keep synaptic contacts. While in the adult cortex electrical activity is driven by synaptic inputs, during early cortical development these synaptic inputs are largely absent. In the absence of synaptic connections and sensory experience, human neurons use an energetically favorable membrane mechanism for generating and maintaining electrical activity: connexin hemichannels. The spontaneous flickering of connexin hemichannels produces depolarizing events (often crowned with bursts of action potentials) to help establish early electrical communication in young subplate neurons. This type of activity dominates the human cortical wall 5 months before birth. Before the human cortex is able to process sensory information, young postmitotic neurons must maintain occasional bursts of action-potential firing to attract and keep synaptic contacts, to drive gene expression, and to transition to mature membrane properties. Before birth, human subplate (SP) neurons are spontaneously active, displaying bursts of electrical activity (plateau depolarizations with action potentials). Using whole-cell recordings in acute cortical slices, we investigated the source of this early activity. The spontaneous depolarizations in human SP neurons at midgestation (17–23 gestational weeks) were not completely eliminated by tetrodotoxin—a drug that blocks action potential firing and network activity—or by antagonists of glutamatergic, GABAergic, or glycinergic synaptic transmission. We then turned our focus away from standard chemical synapses to connexin-based gap junctions and hemichannels. PCR and immunohistochemical analysis identified the presence of connexins (Cx26/Cx32/Cx36) in the human fetal cortex. However, the connexin-positive cells were not found in clusters but, rather, were dispersed in the SP zone. Also, gap junction-permeable dyes did not diffuse to neighboring cells, suggesting that SP neurons were not strongly coupled to other cells at this age. Application of the gap junction and hemichannel inhibitors octanol, flufenamic acid, and carbenoxolone significantly blocked spontaneous activity. The putative hemichannel antagonist lanthanum alone was a potent inhibitor of the spontaneous activity. Together, these data suggest that connexin hemichannels contribute to spontaneous depolarizations in the human fetal cortex during the second trimester of gestation.
Effects of overproduction of the catalytic domain of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase on squalene synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMG-R) is the major rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway in many organisms, including yeasts. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, there are two isoenzymes of HMG-R (Hmg1p and Hmg2p). Both consist of an anchoring transmembrane domain and a catalytic domain. We have removed the known controlling features of HMG-R by overproducing the catalytic domain of Hmg1p. This overproduction leads to an enhancement of squalene production, implying that HMG-R has been deregulated. The enhancement is apparent under semianaerobic and aerobic conditions. Despite the increase in squalene production, the amount of ergosterol produced by the HMG-R-overproducing yeast was not increased. This result suggests the presence of another regulatory step between squalene and ergosterol formation. Squalene levels generated by cells overproducing the catalytic domain of HMG-R were estimated to be up to 10 times those produced by wild-type cells. The enhancement in squalene production coincided with a reduction in growth rate. This reduction may be a direct consequence of the buildup of high concentrations of squalene and presqualene intermediates of the pathway.
Gauging Internet Buying Behavior – An Emperical Study on Indian Internet Users

: The role of Internet has been rapidly becoming inevitable to corporate and society. Across the world, governments and corporate have been working towards the better utilization of the internet. Initially, the Internet was perceived as communication media and now, slowly, metamorphosing into a powerful business media. The Internet provides a direct reach to end users, thereby, the corporate wish to use this to gain cost competitive edge. Many dot.com companies entered and exited the cyber space during early twenty first century, yet, many dot.com companies survived and succeeded in their business. Many brick & mortar companies intended to use the Internet and found they it did not work well. The faced the peculiar lacuna of misunderstanding Internet buyer behavior and could not figure out the categories of products/services the Internet users intend to buy. At this juncture, the authors did an extensive primary research among Indian Internet users in order to identify the willingness of Internet users to buy different products/services over Internet. Besides, they also found the status of Internet users in buying different products/services online. The authors focused on finding out which stage the Indian Internet user stands in consumer buying process. The research revealed positive outcomes which would be useful to corporate world to adopt and deploy for better use. This paper mainly focused on consumer perspective of Internet purchase in order to understand Indian Internet users psyche.