Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adipose Tissue Hypoxia in Obesity and Its Impact on Adipocytokine Dysregulation

Obesity is linked to a variety of metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Dysregulated production of fat-derived secretory factors, adipocytokines, is partly responsible for obesity-linked metabolic disorders. However, the mechanistic role of obesity per se to adipocytokine dysregulation has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that adipose tissue of obese mice is hypoxic and that local adipose tissue hypoxia dysregulates the production of adipocytokines. Tissue hypoxia was confirmed by an exogenous marker, pimonidazole, and by an elevated concentration of lactate, an endogenous marker. Moreover, local tissue hypoperfusion (measured by colored microspheres) was confirmed in adipose tissue of obese mice. Adiponectin mRNA expression was decreased, and mRNA of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress–mediated protein, was significantly increased in adipose tissue of obese mice. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, hypoxia dysregulated the expression of adipocytokines, such as adiponectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1, and increased the mRNAs of ER stress marker genes, CHOP and GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein, 78 kD). Expression of CHOP attenuated adiponectin promoter activity, and RNA interference of CHOP partly reversed hypoxia-induced suppression of adiponectin mRNA expression in adipocytes. Hypoxia also increased instability of adiponectin mRNA. Our results suggest that hypoperfusion and hypoxia in adipose tissues underlie the dysregulated production of adipocytokines and metabolic syndrome in obesity.
Estudo e análise estatística no mercado de ações brasileiro

The objective of this paper is to verify and analyze the existence in Brazil of stylized facts observed in financial time series: volatility clustering, probability distributions with fat tails, the presence of long run memory in absolute return time series, absence of linear return autocorrelation, gain/loss asymmetry, aggregative gaussianity, slow absolute return autocorrelation decay, trading volume/volatility correlation and leverage effect. We analyzed intraday prices for 10 stocks traded at the BM&FBovespa, responsible for 52.1% of the Ibovespa portfolio on Sept. 01, 2009. The data analysis confirms the stylized facts, whose behavior is consistent with what is observed in international markets.
Increased gastric and intestinal permeability in patients with Crohn's disease.

OBJECTIVES Patients with Crohn's disease exhibit marked changes in intestinal permeability that can be assessed by lactulose and mannitol. Sucrose is a novel marker for gastric permeability. We combined these three sugars to investigate whether patients with Crohn's disease demonstrate changes in gastric permeability and if so, whether these changes are matched with altered intestinal permeability. METHODS Fifty patients with Crohn's disease and 30 healthy subjects each drank a solution containing 20 g of sucrose, 10 g of lactulose, and 5 g of mannitol. Patients' and subjects' 5-h sugar urinary excretion levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and an enzymatic method (sucrose). Furthermore, patients with Crohn's disease underwent endoscopy of the upper GI tract and were grouped according to endoscopic and histological findings. RESULTS Patients with Crohn's disease showed higher gastric and intestinal permeability compared with healthy control subjects. Gastric permeability was correlated with intestinal permeability. Patients with granuloma had more pronounced changes in both gastric and intestinal permeability than patients with various endoscopic and histological lesions. Patients with normal mucosa had normal permeability. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in gastric mucosa caused by Crohn's disease are reflected by changes in gastric permeability and can be used to noninvasively screen for Crohn's disease involvement of the upper GI tract.
Development of an Educational Environment for Simulating Multistatic UWB Radars for Locating an Intruder Inside Indoor Environment

This work describes a educational tool developed in Java language for simulating a multi-static radar. This radar is used to identify the presence of an intruder inside a residence. In order to obtain high resolution, the radar operates with ultra-wideband pulses (Gaussian monocycle), which have maximum spectral amplitude at 1 GHz and half power bandwidth of approximately 1 GHz. For the estimation of the intruder's position, the optimization technique particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed. The simulator allows that the users define the parameters to be used by the radar and obtain the estimation of the intruder's position. Besides that, the software automatically generates animations of the wave propagation inside the residence, graphics of the signal at the receiving points and a final report with all the information related to the simulations.
Production and Reproduction of Consumer Culture in Virtual Communities

of gaming and virtual communities on identities issues examined the virtual world for reconstructing identities we take a and examine how online gaming has to and reflected the infantilization of society, a netnographic of the and profane in online 1989; Barber Nesthocker Mamoone Freeter Zippies Tanguy, ethos legitimizes
Calculation of the spectral and energy characteristics of the reflected waves for the purpose of solving the inverse problem of remote sensing

The paper gives the derivation of the expressions for the scattering cross-section, the width and offset of Doppler spectrum of the reflected waves for the bistatic case. These expressions are explicitly depend on the parameters of surface waves and for the first time allow to select the measurement scheme, allowing the correct solving the inverse problem of remote sensing - retrieving all the parameters of surface waves that affect the scattering. The proposed approach based on the tangent plane approximation (the Kirchhoff approximation), taking into account the various form of radiating and receiving antenna patterns. Formulas were derived for acoustic waves. However the statistical picture of the reflection in the electromagnetic case will be the same. Therefore the resulting formulas are applicable to both acoustic and electromagnetic case. For bistatic problem the dependences of the spectral and energy characteristics of the scattered radiation by the sea surface on the width of the antenna patterns for different wind speeds are shown. For the first time the dependences of the reflected radiation characteristics on the azimuth angle of surface waves propagation for various forms of antenna patterns are built for bistatic problem. This relationship opens up new opportunities for remote determination of the direction of surface waves propagation in bistatic problem statement.
Inverse Relationship between Serum Inhibin B and FSH Levels in Prepubertal Boys with Cryptorchidism

To investigate the gonadal control of FSH secretion in prepuberty, we studied the relationship between circulating inhibin B and FSH levels in 16 prepubertal boys with cryptorchidism (age range, 1–8 y). The effect of Leydig cell stimulation on the secretion of inhibin B, sex steroids, and FSH was investigated in nine boys who were given human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) treatment. In these boys, serum inhibin B, testosterone, estradiol, and gonadotropin levels were measured before and on the fourth day of the last (third) hCG injection, given at 1-wk intervals. Except for one boy with both high inhibin B and FSH concentrations, basal serum levels of these hormones correlated negatively (rS = −0.79, n= 15, p< 0.005). This inverse relationship remained significant in the subgroup of boys younger than 2 y of age (rS = −0.84, n= 11, p= 0.008) who also had greater variance of serum FSH concentrations than 14 control boys of similar age with normally located testes (p< 0.01). hCG stimulation increased serum testosterone and suppressed serum FSH concentrations in each boy (n= 9, p< 0.005). In the four oldest subjects, the serum inhibin B level increased from the mean of 91 to 135 pg/mL (p< 0.05). These findings suggest that inhibin B regulates FSH secretion in early childhood. Moreover, the hCG-induced suppression of FSH secretion was probably mediated by sex steroids rather than by inhibin B. Finally, the increase in serum inhibin B concentration during the hCG treatment was likely to be indirect via Leydig cell-Sertoli cell or Sertoli cell-germ cell interaction(s).
Primary hyperparathyroidism presenting with severe hypertension in a middle aged Nigerian--a case report.

OBJECTIVE To draw attention to primary hyperparathyroidism as a cause of severe hypertension. RESULTS A 47 year old Nigerian male presented with headache, occasional blurring of vision and dyspnoea on mild exertion of 2/12 duration. He had been troubled by painful osteoarthritis of the knees for 2 years for which he was taking NSAIDs. He was found to be severely hypertensive, BP 210/130mmHg and had bilateral knee crepitus. BP was resistant to control on Nifedipine R and Moduretic. Serum urea, creatinine, uric acid were normal but there was hyperacalcaemia and hyperchloraemia. Haematological indices, urinalysis, microscopy and culture of urine were normal. Parathyroid hormone level was raised. A parathyroid MIBI scan study showed an extensive area of significance towards the inferior pole of the right lobe of thyroid medially with a second area of very low significance medial to the left pole. These findings indicated the presence of a right inferior parathyroid adenoma. He had parathyroid surgery and a large adenoma in the right inferior gland and a smaller left inferior gland were removed and confirmed histologically. Corrected calcium and parathyroid hormone levels dropped to normal, and the BP was easily controlled with Lisinopril 5mg daily subsequently. He is not currently on antihypertensive medication two years post surgery. CONCLUSION This case highlights the need for thorough investigation of cases of hypertension to exclude specifically secondary causes, which in some cases may be endocrine in origin and may easily be corrected.
What's In a Field - Exploring the eGoverment Domain

This paper presents a theory for eGov information systems based on a model of governance derived from a general model of society, and compares the theory to other theories. The theory covers the whole field of governance, and it can be used at any level of governance. It focuses on effectiveness rather than (internal) efficiency of government operation, hence filling a gap as the latter is the yet most commonly discussed in the eGov research field. The theory can be used for high-level comparison and for detailed analysis of specific cases. The purpose of the theory is to provide a general framework within which to assess the development towards electronic government in a utility perspective - what good does an eGov information system do to government in a strategic perspective, that is, government as a manager of society rather than as a collection of well defined narrow services.
Noncontact Binocular Eye-Gaze Tracking for Point-of-Gaze Estimation in Three Dimensions

Binocular eye-gaze tracking can be used to estimate the point-of-gaze (POG) of a subject in real-world 3D space using the vergence of the eyes. In this paper, a novel noncontact model-based technique for 3D POG estimation is presented. The noncontact system allows people to select real-world objects in 3D physical space using their eyes, without the need for head-mounted equipment. Remote 3D POG estimation may be especially useful for persons with quadriplegia or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. It would also enable a user to select 3D points in space generated by 3D volumetric displays, with potential applications to medical imaging and telesurgery. Using a model-based POG estimation algorithm allows for free head motion and a single stage of calibration. It is shown that an average accuracy of 3.93 cm was achieved over a workspace volume of 30 times 23 times 25 cm (W times H times D) with a maximum latency of 1.5 s due to the digital filtering employed. The users were free to naturally move and reorient their heads while operating the system, within an allowable headspace of 3 cm times 9 cm times 14 cm.
Performance, variability and reliability of silicon tri-gate nanowire MOSFETs

We systematically study short-channel performance, threshold voltage variability, and negative bias temperature instability in silicon tri-gate nanowire transistors (NW Tr.). By introducing epi S/D with thin gate spacer, on-current of NW Tr. is significantly improved for the same off-current thanks to the parasitic resistance (RSD) reduction. <;100>;-oriented NW channel further improves on-current as compared to <;110>; NW channel. In Pelgrom plot of σVth of NW Tr. , there exists a universal line whose Avt is smaller than planar Tr. due to gate grain alignment. Deviation of the narrowest Tr. from σVth universal line is eliminated by suppressing RSD. Enhanced degradation by negative bias temperature stress in narrow NW Tr. can be attributed to the electric field concentration at the NW corner.
Putting the 'Financial Stability' in Financial Stability Oversight Council

For all the ink that has been spilled on the topic of financial regulation since the financial crisis of 2007-2008, there has been little examination of the competing normative goals of financial regulation. Should the financial system be treated as an end in itself, such that the efficiency of that system is the primary goal? Or should financial regulation instead treat the financial system as a means to the end of broader economic growth? This Article argues for the latter approach, and stakes out the controversial normative position that financial stability, rather than efficiency, should be the paramount focus of financial regulation. Having fixed upon this normative foundation, this Article is in a position to evaluate Dodd-Frank’s creation of the Financial Stability Oversight Council (“FSOC”), a body intended to bring the United States’ financial regulators together for the purpose of identifying and responding to threats to financial stability. This Article argues that there are significant flaws in the FSOC’s structure and mandate that will limit its ability to discharge this vital task. Whilst the FSOC is currently the subject of legislative reform proposals, these proposals seek to hobble the FSOC’s powers – this Article argues that reform should instead swing in the other direction. What is needed is an effective and independent regulator with the resources and mandate to take a proactive, long-term and creative approach to the promotion of financial stability. This Article therefore explores potential reforms to the United States financial regulatory architecture – ranging from the incremental to the more drastic – designed to improve commitment to financial stability.
Influence of Cefodizime on Pulmonary Inflammatory Response to Heat-Killed Klebsiella pneumoniae in Mice

ABSTRACT Encapsulated Klebsiella pneumoniae strains frequently induce fatal nosocomial pneumonia. Cefodizime (CEF) as an antibiotic is suspected to enhance host resistance against various microbial invasions through interactions with bacteria and host cells. To investigate the influence of CEF on the pulmonary response toKlebsiella that does not merely result from direct bacterial clearance by the drug, we inoculated mice with heat-killed fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled K. pneumoniae. CEF upregulated (P < 0.01) the earlyKlebsiella-induced secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha, as well as the number (P < 0.01) and phagocytic efficacy (P < 0.001) of alveolar macrophages. By contrast, the late polymorphonuclear neutrophil recruitment (P < 0.05) and levels of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) (P < 0.05) and IL-6 (P < 0.05) were reduced. The stimulation of an early immune response by CEF followed by late reduction in inflammation may be beneficial against bacterial pneumonia.
Delivery of 5-Azacytidine to Human Cancer Cells by Elaidic Acid Esterification Increases Therapeutic Drug Efficacy

Azacytidine is an established nucleoside drug that is well known for its ability to modulate epigenetic gene regulation by inhibition of DNA methylation. Despite recent advances in the clinical development of azacytidine, the use of the drug is limited by its low bioavailability and dependency on variably expressed nucleoside transporters for cellular uptake. We show here that CP-4200, an elaidic acid derivative of azacytidine, has strong epigenetic modulatory potency in human cancer cell lines, as evidenced by efficient depletion of DNA methyltransferase protein, genome-wide DNA demethylation, and robust reactivation of epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor genes. Importantly, however, the cellular uptake of CP-4200 was substantially less dependent on the nucleoside transporters that are known to be involved in azacytidine uptake. In agreement with this notion, CP-4200 showed a significantly higher antitumoral activity than azacytidine in an orthotopic mouse tumor model for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Together, these data represent a detailed characterization of the CP-4200 mode of action and suggest that elaidic acid modification improves the therapeutic efficacy of azacytidine. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(5); 1256–64. ©2010 AACR.
Identification of a PKB/Akt Hydrophobic Motif Ser-473 Kinase as DNA-dependent Protein Kinase*♦

Full activation of protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt requires phosphorylation on Thr-308 and Ser-473 by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) and Ser-473 kinase (S473K), respectively. Although PDK1 has been well characterized, the identification of the S473K remains controversial. A major PKB Ser-473 kinase activity was purified from the membrane fraction of HEK293 cells and found to be DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). DNA-PK co-localized and associated with PKB at the plasma membrane. In vitro, DNA-PK phosphorylated PKB on Ser-473, resulting in a ∼10-fold enhancement of PKB activity. Knockdown of DNA-PK by small interfering RNA inhibited Ser-473 phosphorylation induced by insulin and pervanadate. DNA-PK-deficient glioblastoma cells did not respond to insulin at the level of Ser-473 phosphorylation; this effect was restored by complementation with the human PRKDC gene. We conclude that DNA-PK is a long sought after kinase responsible for the Ser-473 phosphorylation step in the activation of PKB.
Evolution of the Fetal‐Maternal Immunological Relationship

The concept of the fetus as an allograft has been the central paradigm in reproductive immunology for some time. However, we believe that this paradigm is in need of a reappraisal because there is increasing evidence to indicate that the mechanisms involved in reproduction are those of the innate immune system, rather than the adaptive immune system seen in contemporary transplantation immunology. In evolutionary terms, the vertebrate mucosal immune system, including that of the uterus, preceded the development of the other specialized organs such as the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes. This conclusion is supported by the observation that the lymphoid cells in the uterine mucosa are cells of the innate immune system such as Natural Killer (NK) cells and macrophages, and not cells of the adaptive immune system such as T and B cells. The earliest cells for defense are the phagocytes, which have been retained as macrophages in higher vertebrates. Among the cytolytic cells, NK-like cells are probably the first to evolve and can be found in many invertebrates such as the snail, which has lymphoid cells that are CD56+, CD3-, CD4-, CD8-, and can kill K562. These are all hallmarks of human NK cells. It is generally believed that NK cells are the precursors of contemporary T cells. There are many characteristics of the human placental-uterine interaction that resemble invertebrate allorecognition. Encounters with allogeneic cells are natural phenomena in invertebrates such as the colonial tunicates coming into contact with other colonies in the sea-bed. They have to recognize nonself because they have to guard against fusion with these foreign colonies in order to maintain the individuality of each colony. In vertebrates, pregnancy is the only natural situation when allogeneic cells interact. In contrast, the graft-host relationship is an artificial contemporary situation, and is not therefore an appropriate model for the study of pregnancy. In invertebrate allorecognition, no prior sensitization is needed, a finding that has led to the suggestion that the primary mechanism is probably based on “self-recognition. ” Any cells that lack self antigens will be detected as foreign without the need for prior sensitization. Subsequent studies on the colonial tunicate (Botryllus) have confirmed this view. In this invertebrate, the recognition system detects the absence of shared alleles rather than the presence of foreign alleles. Some aspects of this invertebrate recognition system are retained in higher vertebrates and are exemplified by two phenomena. One is the phenomenon of “hybrid resistance,” where Fl hybrids from homozygous parents are observed to reject bone marrow grafts from
Interactions of rules and routines: re-thinking rules

PurposeThis paper addresses the extant and arguably excessive focus on routines in management accounting research, and a relative neglect of rules. It seeks to advance our understanding of how rules and routines may interact, in the technology-enabled context of management accounting and control of contemporary organisations.Design/methodology/approachWe draw on, and develop, insights from extant literature and from two case studies to explore how rules and routines may interact. FindingsWe propose a framework on the interactions of rules and routines across multiple dimensions. We adopt a wide notion of rules to include formal rules, rules as internal cognitive structures of human actors, and rules technologically embedded in non-human actors. We argue that rules underlie and may precede routines, distinguish between repeated practices and routines and explore the role of technology in todays management accounting practices.Research limitations/implicationsThis research shows how the process of routinization and, ultimately, institutionalization of practices involves multiple dimensions of rules, as well as both human and non-human actors. With this understanding, researchers and practitioners will be better equipped to, respectively, understand nuances of management accounting change and actually achieve change in practice.Originality valueThis paper highlights the importance of rules in the routinization and institutionalization of management accounting practices and proposes a framework which explores the interactions of rules and routines across three realms: material, action and psychological. Including a material realm, related with technologically embedded rules, in the proposed framework contributes to institutional theory by acknowledging todays increasing role of technology in organizational life.