Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fibre‐type composition of rabbit jaw muscles is related to their daily activity

Skeletal muscles contain a mixture of fibres with different contractile properties, such as maximum force, contraction velocity and fatigability. Muscles adapt to altered functional demands, for example, by changing their fibre‐type composition. This fibre‐type composition can be changed by the frequency, duration and presumably the intensity of activation. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between the spontaneous daily muscle activation and fibre‐type composition in rabbit jaw muscles. Using radio‐telemetry combined with electromyography, the daily activity of five jaw muscles was characterized in terms of the total duration of muscle activity (duty time) and the number of activity bursts. Fibre‐type composition of the muscles was classified by analysing the myosin heavy chain content of the fibres. The amount of slow‐type fibres was positively correlated to the duty time and the number of bursts only for activations exceeding 20–30% of the maximum activity per day. Furthermore, cross‐sectional areas of the slow‐type fibres were positively correlated to the duty time for activations exceeding 30% of the maximum activity. The present data indicate that the amount of activation above a threshold (> 30% peak activity) is important for determining the fibre‐type composition and cross‐sectional area of slow‐type fibres of a muscle. Activation above this threshold occurred only around 2% of the time in the jaw muscles, suggesting that contractile properties of muscle fibres are maintained by a relatively small number of powerful contractions per day.
Modeling Wind‐Driven Ionospheric Dynamo Currents at Mars: Expectations for InSight Magnetic Field Measurements

We model expected dynamo currents above, and resulting magnetic field profiles at, InSight's landing site on Mars, including for the first time the effect of electron‐ion collisions. We calculate their diurnal and seasonal variability using inputs from global models of the Martian thermosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere. Modeled currents primarily depend on plasma densities and the strength of the neutral wind component perpendicular to the combined crustal and draped magnetic fields that thread the ionosphere. Negligible at night, currents are the strongest in the late morning and near solstices due to stronger winds and near perihelion due to both stronger winds and higher plasma densities from solar EUV photoionization. Resulting surface magnetic fields of tens of nanotesla and occasionally >100 nT may be expected at the InSight landing site. We expect currents and surface fields to vary significantly with changes in the draped magnetic field caused by Mars' dynamic solar wind environment.
Differential effects of heparin and low molecular weight heparin on osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis in vitro

Summary We have previously demonstrated that heparin produces cancellous bone loss in rats due in part to a decrease in the number of osteoblasts lining the trabecular bone surface. In the present study, we use a stromal-derived cell culture system together with measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, to compare the effects of heparin and the low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), Fragmin, on osteoblast differentiation in vitro. In addition, we examined the possibility that both heparin and LMWH can induce adipogenesis in our stromal cell culture system. Both heparin and LMWH were found to produce a statistically significant (P <0.01) and concentration-dependent decrease in the number of osteoblasts while increasing the number of adipocytes. When the effects of gravimetrically equivalent amounts of heparin and LMWH were compared, heparin had a 4-fold greater effect than LMWH. In contrast to heparin, N-desulfated heparin was found to have minimal effects on both osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation indicating that the heparin effect is not only chain-length dependent but also charge-dependent. The observation that LMWH has less of an effect on bone formation than heparin is compatible with the results of clinical trials indicating that LMWH produces less bone loss after long-term administration.
Multifunctionality of agriculture and rural areas : from trade negotiations to contributing to sustainable development : New challenges for research

Denis Barthélémy, INRA, France (WP1 coordinator) Patrick Caron, Cirad, France (WP1 coordinator) Eva Cudlinova, Institute for Landscape Ecology, Czech Repub lic (WP2 coordinator) Peter Zander, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape R search (ZALF), Germany (WP3 coord inator) Henk Renting, Wageningen University, the Netherlands (WP 4 coordinator) John Sumelius, University of Helsinki, Finland (WP5 coordi nator) Karlheinz Knickel , IfLS, Germany (WP6 coordinator and research gaps)
Are Indian Stock Markets Weak-Form Efficient?– Evidence from NSE and BSE Sectoral Indices

The present study investigates the weak-form efficiency of Indian stock markets using both parametric and non-parametric tests, viz., auto-correlation test, augmented Dickey-Fuller test, runs test and variance ratio test. To test the market efficiency, the study considers the daily closing prices of 13 and 10 sectoral indices of Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE), respectively, along with the BSE SENSEX and CNX NIFTY. The empirical results provide evidences for the absence of the weak-form efficiency and random walk hypothesis in the case of all sectoral indices of NSE and BSE along with the CNX NIFTY and BSE SENSEX. Thus, trading strategies can be formulated by investors to gain abnormal returns in the Indian stock markets. And it can be inferred that there is a possibility of earning extra income on account of inefficiency in these market portfolios.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL AND CATALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HUMAN LIVER NADPH‐CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE

1. The NADPH‐cytochrome P450 reductases (EC 1.6.2.4) from human and rabbit liver have been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The human reductase had an apparent monomeric molecular weight of 77 500 and the rabbit enzyme of 76 500.
Experimental and in Silico Analyses of Glycolytic Flux Control in Bloodstream Form Trypanosoma brucei*

A mathematical model of glycolysis in bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei was developed previously on the basis of all available enzyme kinetic data (Bakker, B. M., Michels, P. A. M., Opperdoes, F. R., and Westerhoff, H. V. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 3207–3215). The model predicted correctly the fluxes and cellular metabolite concentrations as measured in non-growing trypanosomes and the major contribution to the flux control exerted by the plasma membrane glucose transporter. Surprisingly, a large overcapacity was predicted for hexokinase (HXK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and pyruvate kinase (PYK). Here, we present our further analysis of the control of glycolytic flux in bloodstream form T. brucei. First, the model was optimized and extended with recent information about the kinetics of enzymes and their activities as measured in lysates of in vitro cultured growing trypanosomes. Second, the concentrations of five glycolytic enzymes (HXK, PFK, phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, and PYK) in trypanosomes were changed by RNA interference. The effects of the knockdown of these enzymes on the growth, activities, and levels of various enzymes and glycolytic flux were studied and compared with model predictions. Data thus obtained support the conclusion from the in silico analysis that HXK, PFK, and PYK are in excess, albeit less than predicted. Interestingly, depletion of PFK and enolase had an effect on the activity (but not, or to a lesser extent, expression) of some other glycolytic enzymes. Enzymes located both in the glycosomes (the peroxisome-like organelles harboring the first seven enzymes of the glycolytic pathway of trypanosomes) and in the cytosol were affected. These data suggest the existence of novel regulatory mechanisms operating in trypanosome glycolysis.
P1H-5 Uniformity Optimization of the Electromechanical Coupling Coefficient in AlN Based Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators

High yield bulk acoustic wave (BAW) device manufacturing is a challenge: properties of all films in a complex film stack need to be optimized. The commonly used piezoelectric AIN is one of the central films. Key parameters for this film are best possible uniformity of following physical parameters: acoustic thickness, electromechanical coupling coefficient and mechanical quality factor. This paper investigates possible causes for observed non-uniformity of the coupling coefficient. Such non-uniformities reduce the production yield in BAW volume manufacturing.
Can compressed sensing be efficient in communication with sparse data?

L User Equipments (mobile stations) transmit signals with sparsity S and their signals are compressively sensed to M samples by Z remote samplers (a distributed antenna arrangement) and the uplink channel is estimated by a central processor (the “central brain”). For a given system signal to noise ratio, retained samples M and sparsity S, we approximate the loss in sum mutual information due to imperfect knowledge of the channel. The approximation is premised on a lower bound of the mutual information which accounts for the power in the channel estimation error. Also, throughput results are given for adaptively adjusting the sparsity of multiple users' transmit signals based on channel fading.
Comparative response of rabbit bladder smooth muscle and mucosa to anoxia

Recent studies indicate that the mucosa of the urinary bladder plays a major role in the maintenance of normal bladder function. Previous studies have demonstrated that rabbit bladder mucosa has higher rates of basal glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation than that of bladder smooth muscle. The current study compares the response of rabbit bladder mucosa and smooth muscle compartments to anoxia. The results demonstrate that the rate of high energy phosphate degradation of the mucosa is significantly greater than the rate of high energy phosphate degradation of the smooth muscle. The implication is that the mucosa would be significantly more sensitive to ischemia than the smooth muscle of the bladder. This hypothesis may be extremely relevant to conditions such as interstitial cystitis and recurrent urinary bladder infections, in which ischemia has been implicated in their etiology. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cavitation Damage Prediction of Stainless Steels Using an Artificial Neural Network Approach

Cavitation damage has not been well predicted because of its complex relationship of many mechanical and microstructural factors. An artificial neural network approach of the back-propagation network was used to predict cavitation damage of stainless steels, 316L and 420, in terms of the significant influence of cavitation time, roughness, and residual stress on cavitation damage. Mean depth of erosion was used to quantitatively describe cavitation damage of 316L and 420. Prediction accuracy was improved by analyzing the effects of the number and type of input nodes, the number of nodes in the hidden layer, and different activation functions on prediction accuracy. The best performance was in the model with the input nodes of cavitation time and roughness, eleven nodes in the hidden layer, and the activation function of logsig.
Highly Stabilized Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing System for Ultrasonic Detection

A phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (PS-FBG) sensing system based on Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) technique is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for ultrasonic detection. The sensing system is highly stabilized as the laser is frequency locked to the PS-FBG resonance using PDH technique. This scheme reduces the effect of laser intensity noise and enables high-sensitivity ultrasonic detection by monitoring the error signal of frequency detuning between the laser and the PS-FBG resonance. Response of the frequency-locked PS-FBG to ultrasound is done by testing the ultrasonic refection of a 0.4-mm plastic film, immersed in water. The sensor exhibits a high signal-to-noise ratio of 48 dB at 200 kHz and a noise-limited detectable strain of 8.7 pε above 10 kHz. Frequency response of PS-FBG from 100 kHz to 1 MHz was also characterized.
Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations of COPD.

BACKGROUND Acute exacerbations adversely affect patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Macrolide antibiotics benefit patients with a variety of inflammatory airway diseases. METHODS We performed a randomized trial to determine whether azithromycin decreased the frequency of exacerbations in participants with COPD who had an increased risk of exacerbations but no hearing impairment, resting tachycardia, or apparent risk of prolongation of the corrected QT interval. RESULTS A total of 1577 subjects were screened; 1142 (72%) were randomly assigned to receive azithromycin, at a dose of 250 mg daily (570 participants), or placebo (572 participants) for 1 year in addition to their usual care. The rate of 1-year follow-up was 89% in the azithromycin group and 90% in the placebo group. The median time to the first exacerbation was 266 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 227 to 313) among participants receiving azithromycin, as compared with 174 days (95% CI, 143 to 215) among participants receiving placebo (P<0.001). The frequency of exacerbations was 1.48 exacerbations per patient-year in the azithromycin group, as compared with 1.83 per patient-year in the placebo group (P=0.01), and the hazard ratio for having an acute exacerbation of COPD per patient-year in the azithromycin group was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.63 to 0.84; P<0.001). The scores on the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (on a scale of 0 to 100, with lower scores indicating better functioning) improved more in the azithromycin group than in the placebo group (a mean [±SD] decrease of 2.8±12.8 vs. 0.6±11.4, P=0.004); the percentage of participants with more than the minimal clinically important difference of -4 units was 43% in the azithromycin group, as compared with 36% in the placebo group (P=0.03). Hearing decrements were more common in the azithromycin group than in the placebo group (25% vs. 20%, P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Among selected subjects with COPD, azithromycin taken daily for 1 year, when added to usual treatment, decreased the frequency of exacerbations and improved quality of life but caused hearing decrements in a small percentage of subjects. Although this intervention could change microbial resistance patterns, the effect of this change is not known. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00325897.).
Population Differentiation in Daphnia Alters Community Assembly in Experimental Ponds

Most studies of community assembly ignore how genetic differentiation within species affects their colonization and extinction. However, genetic differentiation in ecologically relevant traits may be substantial enough to alter the colonization and extinction processes that drive community assembly. We measured significant molecular genetic and quantitative trait differentiation among three Daphnia pulex × pulicaria populations in southwestern Michigan ponds and investigated whether this differentiation could alter the assembly of pond zooplankton communities in experimental mesocosms. In this study, we monitored the invasion success of different D. pulex × pulicaria populations after their introduction into an established zooplankton community. We also monitored the invasion success of a diverse array of zooplankton species into different D. pulex × pulicaria populations. Zooplankton community composition depended on the D. pulex × pulicaria source population. Daphnia pulex × pulicaria from one population failed to invade zooplankton communities, while those from other populations successfully invaded similar communities. If population differentiation in other species plays a role in community assembly similar to that demonstrated in our study, assembly may be more sensitive to evolutionary processes than has been previously generally considered.
THE VARIATION OF THE ACID ASCORBIC CONTENT IN CYNOSBATI FRUCTUS INFLUENCED BY STATIONARY FACTORS

Cynosbati fructus is the false fruit of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), also called in Romanian rosehip. Rosehips contain as active ingredients 500-1000% vitamin C, 600-10.000 mg% carotenoids, pectins, dextrins, vitamins B2, E, PP, flavones (rutozyd, hyperozyd), carbohydrates, organic acids (citric, malic), tannins, volatile oil (linalol, geraniol, citronelol, nerol), vanillin, triterpenic saponosids, beta-sitosterol, fat substances (lecitin, glycerides of fat acids in seeds), minerals (potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron). In terms of precipitations and tempreature the specialized literature situates the rosehip in the category of xerophyte species with low humidity requirements and that do not bear the soils with stagnant water. Water requirement is mainly in the spring months before flowering and early August. High atmosphric humidity has a negative influence on the vitamin C content. The measurements made on atmospheric humiduty, including precipitations, air temperature, geographical exposition, relief slope revealed the fact that rosehip grows well even on wet soils, with northern and northwestern exposition, the result consisting in fruit with qn important content of vitamin C.
Intimate Partner Violence, Technology, and Stalking

This research note describes the use of a broad range of technologies in intimate partner stalking, including cordless and cellular telephones, fax machines, e-mail, Internet-based harassment, global positioning systems, spy ware, video cameras, and online databases. The concept of “stalking with technology” is reviewed, and the need for an expanded definition of cyberstalking is presented. Legal issues and advocacy-centered responses, including training, legal remedies, public policy issues, and technology industry practices, are discussed.
Relation of apolipoprotein E polymorphism to markers of early atherosclerotic changes in young adults--the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.

BACKGROUND Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), which is measured by ultrasound, is used in the assessment of early atherosclerotic changes, and has been associated with apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism in many studies comprising elderly subjects. However, results are still inconclusive and data relating to young adults are missing. Whether common APOE polymorphism is related to carotid IMT was studied in a population of young adults. Also brachial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and carotid artery compliance (CAC) were determined to clarify their relation to this genetic factor. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 1,188 young adults (aged 24-39 years) participating in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study with complete data of common APOE polymorphism underwent a carotid and brachial ultrasound. Patients' lipid levels and blood pressure were also examined. There was no significant association between the APOE phenotypes and carotid IMT, brachial FMD or CAC either in young men or in young women. The results were similar for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In the same population, the well-known association between APOE phenotypes and lipids was seen. CONCLUSIONS Common APOE polymorphism does not seem to be an independent genetic determinant of carotid IMT, brachial FMD or CAC.
Resistorless BiCMOS voltage reference with isolated substrate potential for biomedical implants

This paper shows a resistorless BiCMOS voltage reference with isolated substrate potential for an inductively powered biomedical implant. The reference voltage source has been designed in a 350nm High Voltage BiCMOS process. The reference voltage is used as part of an biomedical implant system to generate the positive supply voltage VDD and the substrate potential VSS used as negative supply. Therefore the reference voltage has to be highly insensitive and independent on substrate variations. The proposed design shows 1.4% accuracy over process variations and mismatch. The line sensitivity was measured to be 4mV/V. Measurements have proven that the isolation of the output of the reference voltage from the substrate potential is working properly. The power supply rejection ratio without any filtering capacitor at 10Hz and 10MHz is lower than -60dB and -35 dB, respectively.
Assessing performance and intervention of microfinance institutions: a case study in Sudan

Purpose - Microfinance has obtained a universal avowal as an important tool for poverty alleviation. However, knowledge about the achievements of Microfinance objectives remains partial and challenged. The objective of this study is to develop a conceptual framework for assessing performance and intervention of MFIs in Sudan from three dimensions of measurement; the 3D measurements are outreach, sustainability, and Assessment of social impact as a direct MFIs intervention. The conceptual framework we developed is relatively new since it combines two different schools of thoughts; intended beneficiary school and intermediary school. Design/methodology/approach - This study uses a case study of three MFIs in Sudan involving open-ended questioning. Findings - The expected result is that microfinance programs in Sudan will have a positive social and political impact. Moreover it would provide a statistical proof of interdependence between sustainability and outreach.
The chemistry of gate dielectric breakdown

Using scanning transmission electron microscope with high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy, the chemical nature of the percolation path formed in ultrathin SiON layers is studied for digital and analog breakdown (BD). Our results show that the diameter of the percolation path dilates from 30 nm to 55 nm as the gate leakage current increases from 2 muA to 40 muA. Oxygen deficiency in the percolation path is radially distributed from the BD path center to its surrounding areas. The chemical composition in the center of percolation path changes from SiO1.3 to SiO1.0 as the BD path evolves from digital to analog BD.
The Storm (Song Gio) (In Vietnamese)

This is the first chapter of the book written Minh Chinh Pham and Quan Hoang Vuong, with the name The Storm. The chapter described the situation of the Vietnamese economy right before the global financial meltdown, which was later sinking many economies and larger conglomerates. The chapter suggests that the WTO accession gave Vietnam the first lesson of how to prepare itself in a much larger international game with harsh economic reality, which Vietnamese could hardly imagine even if one tried to look back upon the entire contemporary economic history of the nation. And Vietnamese had not done enough to understand how the country could and should have been doing thus far.