Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Demonstration of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Methyl Methacrylate-Embedded Plucked Human Hair Follicles

Plucked human hair follicles have been proposed as a potential surrogate for tumour tissue for measuring the effect of drugs on pharmacodynamic biomarkers in drug intervention studies. We describe a new technique of embedding plucked hair follicles in the acrylic resin, methyl methacrylate, and the immunohistochemical demonstration of six potential biomarkers (Ki67, EGFR, phospho-p27, phospho-histone H3, phospho-MAPK and phospho-Rb) in de-plasticised sections. The advantages of this technique over those that have been used in support of clinical drug trials, such as skin and tumour biopsies, whole blood and whole hair samples is discussed.
High-confidence pseudo-labels for domain adaptation in COVID-19 detection (preprint)

This paper outlines our submission for the 4th COV19D competition as part of the `Domain adaptation, Explainability, Fairness in AI for Medical Image Analysis' (DEF-AI-MIA) workshop at the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference (CVPR). The competition consists of two challenges. The first is to train a classifier to detect the presence of COVID-19 from over one thousand CT scans from the COV19-CT-DB database. The second challenge is to perform domain adaptation by taking the dataset from Challenge 1 and adding a small number of scans (some annotated and other not) for a different distribution. We preprocessed the CT scans to segment the lungs, and output volumes with the lungs individually and together. We then trained 3D ResNet and Swin Transformer models on these inputs. We annotated the unlabeled CT scans using an ensemble of these models and chose the high-confidence predictions as pseudo-labels for fine-tuning. This resulted in a best cross-validation mean F1 score of 93.39\% for Challenge 1 and a mean F1 score of 92.15 for Challenge 2.
A Continuous Max-Flow Approach to General Hierarchical Multi-Labelling Problems

Multi-region segmentation algorithms often have the onus of incorporating complex anatomical knowledge representing spatial or geometric relationships between objects, and general-purpose methods of addressing this knowledge in an optimization-based manner have thus been lacking. This paper presents Generalized Hierarchical Max-Flow (GHMF) segmentation, which captures simple anatomical part-whole relationships in the form of an unconstrained hierarchy. Regularization can then be applied to both parts and wholes independently, allowing for spatial grouping and clustering of labels in a globally optimal convex optimization framework. For the purposes of ready integration into a variety of segmentation tasks, the hierarchies can be presented in run-time, allowing for the segmentation problem to be readily specified and alternatives explored without undue programming effort or recompilation.
The Problem of Meaning Behavioral and Cognitive Perspectives

The many meanings of meaning (A. McCabe, C. Mandell). Historical and philosophical foundations of the problem of meaning (L.D. Smith). Stimulus equivalence and meaning: the influence of verbal behavior (C.C. Mandell). Metaphor, meaning and relational frame theory (S.C. Haynes, A.M. Grundt). A comparative perspective on the etiology of meaning and assaying behaviors for meaning (D.M. Rumbaugh, E. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh). Sign language acquisition and the development of meaning in a lowland gorilla (J.D. Bonvillian, F.G.P. Patterson). Input and the acquisition of vocabulary: examing the parental lexicon (J.B. Gleason, R. Ely). Making meaning in parent-child interaction: a pragmatic approach (A.L. Inbens-Bailey, C.E. Snow). Cultural constructions of meaning: cross-cultural comparisons of mother-child conversations about the past (M. Minami). Narrative threads of metaphor (A. McCabe). Attributing meaning to deliberately false utterances: the case of irony (S. Dews, E. Winner). The problem of meaning in generative grammar (M. Piatelli-Palmarini, C. Cecchetto).
Stability analysis of networked control systems with denial-of-service attacks

This paper addresses stability problem for a class of networked control systems (NCSs) with network attacks. As a network attack to control systems, denial-of-service attacks are fully taken into account in the NCSs modelling. Under the scenario that there exist denial-of-service attacks in the communication channel, a closed-loop system with an error function is provided for the studied NCSs, where the denial-of-service attacks are well considered. Then based on the above constructed system model, one sufficient condition is derived for ensuring the uniformly ultimately boundedness of the derived system under consideration, and the upper bound of the maximum allowable number of denial-of-service attack is obtained. Moreover, the celebrated time-delay system technology method is introduced to improve the result of the upper bound of the maximum allowable number of denial-of-service attack. Finally, one numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Effects of Child Physical Maltreatment on Nutritional Outcomes: Evidence from Peru

Abstract Do children whose parents use physical punishment as a disciplinary method have lower anthropometric measures? Using data for Peruvian children aged 0–5 years, we employ instrumental variables for physical punishment to overcome endogeneity problems common to the household violence literature. Across varying levels of controls, children exposed to physical punishment have significantly poorer short-term nutritional outcomes; although there is no effect on long-term nutrition. We explore heterogeneous effects and potential mechanisms. Children exposed to physical maltreatment fall ill more frequently and are less likely to access preventive and curative healthcare.
Impact of the hydrodyne process on tenderness, microbial load, and sensory characteristics of pork longissimus muscle.

Paired, boneless pork loin muscles were obtained from 76 market hogs to evaluate tenderness, meat quality characteristics, sensory attributes, and microbial characterization of pork muscle exposed to the Hydrodyne Process (H) compared with untreated control (C) loin. A subset of 16 paired loins was randomly selected for use in sensory evaluation and microbial characterization. Loins were vacuum packaged and immersed in a heat shrink tank prior to the H treatment. The Hydrodyne treatment exposed the loin to the pressure equivalent of a 150-g explosive, generating a pressure distribution of approximately 703 kg/cm2 at the surface of the samples. Meat quality assessments taken following treatment included subjective color, firmness/wetness, marbling scores (1 to 5 scale), Minolta reflectance and color readings, drip loss, and lipid content. The P-value for statistical significance for main effects and interactions was set at <. 05 in all analyses. Administration of H resulted in a 17% improvement in Warner-Bratzler shear force (2.69 vs. 3.24 kg), with the shear force similar at two end-point cooking times (11 and 16 min) corresponding to approximately 75 and 83 degrees C, respectively. No differences between H and C were observed for color score, firmness score, Minolta L, Minolta Y, or drip loss on uncooked samples. The H loins had lower marbling scores (P<.05) and intramuscular lipid (P<.05) content than the paired C loin. Sensory evaluation on the randomly selected (n = 16) paired loins samples showed no improvement in Warner-Bratzler shear force. Sensory panelists were also unable to detect a difference between H and C loins for both initial and sustained tenderness scores. No differences between H and C loins were found for pork flavor, off-flavor, cohesiveness, or number of chews before swallowing, but H loins had a significantly lower juiciness score and more cooking loss than C loins. Microbial analysis results showed no differences in coliform bacteria counts, aerobic plate counts, and no detectable levels of Escherichia coli bacteria in any loins. The findings support the ability of the Hydrodyne procedure to improve tenderness without impacting other muscle quality attributes of pork.
Effects of crude fibre level in the diet on the intestinal morphology of growing rabbits

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of 5.5, 8.5, 11.5 and 14.5% dietary fibre levels on growth performance and intestinal villi in growing rabbits. After the 5-week feeding period, food intake and body weight gain increased with increasing dietary fibre levels, feed conversion was highest with 11.5% dietary fibre. Scanning electron microscopy showed slight changes to the jejunal villi and the caecal mucosa in rabbits fed high dietary fibre (14.5%) but the degree of damage was greater in the caecum than the jejunum. Flattened colon villi were seen in the low dietary fibre group whereas high levels showed no effect.
MotorEase: Automated Detection of Motor Impairment Accessibility Issues in Mobile App UIs

Recent research has begun to examine the potential of automatically finding and fixing accessibility issues that manifest in software. However, while recent work makes important progress, it has generally been skewed toward identifying issues that affect users with certain disabilities, such as those with visual or hearing impairments. However, there are other groups of users with different types of disabilities that also need software tooling support to improve their experience. As such, this paper aims to automatically identify accessibility issues that affect users with motor-impairments. To move toward this goal, this paper introduces a novel approach, called MotorEase, capable of identifying accessibility issues in mobile app UIs that impact motor-impaired users. Motor-impaired users often have limited ability to interact with touch-based devices, and instead may make use of a switch or other assistive mechanism -- hence UIs must be designed to support both limited touch gestures and the use of assistive devices. MotorEase adapts computer vision and text processing techniques to enable a semantic understanding of app UI screens, enabling the detection of violations related to four popular, previously unexplored UI design guidelines that support motor-impaired users, including: (i) visual touch target size, (ii) expanding sections, (iii) persisting elements, and (iv) adjacent icon visual distance. We evaluate MotorEase on a newly derived benchmark, called MotorCheck, that contains 555 manually annotated examples of violations to the above accessibility guidelines, across 1599 screens collected from 70 applications via a mobile app testing tool. Our experiments illustrate that MotorEase is able to identify violations with an average accuracy of ~90%, and a false positive rate of less than 9%, outperforming baseline techniques.
Maternal employment: impact on maternal behavior.

A psychologist analyzed data on 60 mother-infant pairs living in Indiana to examine the relationship between maternal employment and maternal separation anxiety during the infants first year of life. Overall maternal employment did not affect maternal behavior. Yet women who worked more hours/week experienced less separation anxiety than those who worked fewer hours/week (p < .05 at 6 months and p < .1 at 12 months). Specifically they were able to leave their infant with little delay and to provide effective verbal and physical reassurance to their infant (i.e. more autonomous). On reunion with their infants mothers who returned to work for financial reasons or claimed that the return to work was difficult were less autonomous and more anxious than those mothers who were satisfied with their roles (p < .01 at 12 months). The hours of maternal employment did not affect the quality of the infants attachment to the mother. On the other hand lower levels of maternal autonomy were associated with an anxious-resistant pattern of attachment (i.e. infant both seeks and resists contact with the mother) (p < .05). This suggested that role dissatisfaction may cause mothers to be less sensitive and responsive to their infants. One implication of these findings is that day-care providers need to support mothers and assure then that their infants are receiving high-quality day care so the mothers can reduce worry and stress and deal more effectively with their roles. Another implication is that family therapists and family life educators should stress the fathers role in child care and greater communication between parents as they examine child care activities. This would contribute to a decrease in maternal role dissatisfaction. These professionals also need to support the mothers preferred role and preferred level of involvement in her roles.
Repeat protocol renal biopsy in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis.

BACKGROUND Histopathological lesions in renal biopsy (RB) at presentation of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) have been described in depth but repeat protocolized renal biopsies are seldomly performed in AAV. In this study, we present a group of AAV patients with repeat protocolized biopsies, and we evaluate their clinical significance. METHODS A total of 17 consecutive patients diagnosed between 1991 and 1995 with AAV and renal involvement confirmed by biopsy at presentation in a single center underwent a protocol planned rebiopsy in remission after a median of 13 months (range 11-28) from diagnosis. Biopsies were assessed by two independent pathologists, blinded to patient data. Clinical data were collected retrospectively. RESULTS Patients were followed-up for a median of 189 months from diagnosis. Renal relapse was observed in eight patients (47.1%), seven patients died, three patients reached end-stage renal failure. There was a significant decrease in the percentage of acute lesions (cellular crescents, fibrinoid necrosis, P < 0.001) and a significant increase in chronic lesions (glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, P ≤ 0.01) in the repeat RB compared with the first RB. This resulted in a class change over the biopsies within most patients. The percentage of normal glomeruli in the first biopsy positively correlated with estimated GFR at the end of follow-up (rs = 0.509, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study on protocolized repeat biopsies in AAV, giving insight into disease activity under immunosuppressive treatment. Apparently, many AAV patients have grumbling disease with ongoing activity, eventually leading to an increased amount of chronic lesions.
Hilfebedarf und Hilfsangebote in der Versorgung von unbegleiteten minderjährigen Flüchtlingen

Zusammenfassung. In den letzten Jahren kommt es zu einer deutlichen Zunahme der Zahl unbegleiteter minderjahriger Fluchtlinge (UMF) in Deutschland. Dies stellt nicht zuletzt die klinische Versorgung vor neue Fragestellungen, da es sich um eine hoch vulnerable Gruppe handelt. In der vorliegenden Ubersichtsarbeit sollen die psychischen Auffalligkeiten und deren langerfristiger Verlauf beschrieben werden, um den Hilfebedarf darzustellen. In einem weiteren Schritt werden die Hilfsangebote anhand der Ruckmeldungen von UMF erfasst. Das klinische Bild wurde vorrangig von einer posttraumatischen Stresssymptomatik gepragt, wobei sich im Langzeitverlauf eine hohe Stabilitat psychischer Belastungen zeigte. Daneben existiert jedoch auch ein erheblicher Anteil resilienter UMF. Mehrfach wurde von den UMF der Wunsch nach Schulbildung und rascher sprachlicher Integration geausert.
Inhibitors in haemophilia: clinical aspects

Summary. Inhibitor development continues to be a severe complication worldwide of haemophilia therapy. Given the difficulties associated with the treatment of inhibitors in both the developed and the developing world, prediction and prevention of inhibitors following exposure to factor VIII or IX in the young child has become a management priority. Two different clinical approaches to minimizing or delaying inhibitor development are highlighted in this manuscript. Challenges in the therapy of existing inhibitors persist. However, the nature of the issues faced by physicians in the developed and developing worlds vary considerably. Both are discussed in this manuscript by representatives of both worlds, who face these challenges on a daily basis.
Efficiency optimization of integrated DC-DC buck converters

An analytic method to evaluate frequency dependent losses in on-chip DC-DC buck converters is presented in this paper. Microprocessors or chipsets exhibit wide dynamic range of load current varying from 50mA up to 1.5 A per phase at full operation. Peak efficiency is shown to occur when the load current related losses and the inherent losses of the DC-DC converter are equal. Efficiency optimization methods are described for light and heavy load scenarios. The primary design objective is to maintain the load at the peak of the efficiency curve. A SPICE based circuit model of a DC-DC converter is applied to validate the proposed analytic methods.
Salud en Sonora desde una perspectiva de género: retos y propuestas

El presente articulo es una reflexion en torno a las desigualdades de genero que repercuten en la salud de los sonorenses. Se partio del analisis de las cinco causas principales de muerte para dos grupos de edad: 15 a 24 y 25 a 34 anos. Tal delimitacion se hizo con el afan de acotar y esclarecer las diferencias en dicho grupo de edad, de ninguna manera se pretende afirmar que el mismo estudio no resulta pertinente para el resto de la poblacion. El analisis de las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres, desde una perspectiva de genero, aporta una mejor comprension de los problemas de salud y sus condicionantes socioculturales; para ambos se definen roles, responsabilidades y obligaciones diferentes, se establecen normas sociales que determinan su acceso desigual al poder social, economico y politico. Se incluye una descripcion conceptual breve, datos estadisticos y su analisis, asi como un apartado final sobre retos y propuestas.
O princípio da integralidade e o diagnóstico de câncer de boca

THE INTEgRALITY PRINCIPLE AND THE DIAgNOSIS OF ORAL CANCER The Unified Health System is conducted by principles, as the integrality of assistance. The oral cancer diagnosis is done, usually, in advanced phase. This situation indicates some imperfections in the attendance process, since the illness can be prevented or even diagnosed in initial phases. The intention of this work of revision is to argue the Unified Health System and the principle of integrality, and how it could benefit the patients in relation to the precocious diagnosis of oral cancer. This is a systematic revision done in data bases LILACS between 1995 and 2005. Twelve articles were selects and some texts of National Cancer Institution, World Health Organization, Health Ministery, and geographic and Statistic Brazilian Institution, besides texts about oral cancer and integrality principle. The integrality needs to be worked in some dimensions, and to be reached it’s necessary a solidary work between the members of the health team, and the development of a resolute primary attention, that really acts as entrance of the Health System. The construction of a resolute primary attention contributes for improvements in the diagnosis, prevention and quality of life about oral cancer, and others illnesses. The patient should not have to be submitted to an attendance which diagnosis of initial injuries and treatment are delayed due to segmented form as the health professional, dentist or not, works the prevention.
Alternative Conceptualizations of Dyslexia: Evidence in Support of a Verbal-Deficit Hypothesis

The history of our knowledge about specific reading disability—dyslexia—is checkered with different hypotheses and theories. In this overview of the literature Frank Vellutino critically examines the foci of four prevalent explanations for reading failure in children: visual perception, intersensory integration, temporal– order perception, and verbal functioning. Applying findings from his own laboratory investigations and other selected research to each of the four hypotheses, Vellutino argues that the verbal-deficit hypothesis offers the most convincing explanation. Through the use of direct and indirect evidence Vellutino demonstrates the relationship between reading problems and dysfunction in the semantic, syntactic, or phonological aspects of language. Finally, Vellutino pursues the implications of his position and asserts that the linguistic problems of some poor readers necessitate an emphasis on the internal structure of words in learning to read.
An Alternative to Methodological Individualism: A Non-Reductionist Approach to Studying Technology Adoption by Groups

Studies on groups within the MIS discipline have largely been based on the paradigm of methodological individualism. Commentaries on methodological individualism within the reference disciplines suggest that studies embracing this paradigm can lead to potentially misleading or incorrect conclusions. This study illustrates the appropriateness of the alternate non-reductionist approach to investigating group-related phenomenon, specifically in the context of technology adoption. Drawing on theories of group influence, prior research on conflict, technology characteristics, task-technology fit, group communication media, and recent theoretical work surrounding group technology adoption, the paper proposes and empirically tests a new non-reductionist model for conceptualizing technology adoption by groups. Further, the study also empirically compares this non-reductionist model with a (hypothetical) methodological individualist model of technology adoption by groups. Results strongly support most of the assertions of the non-reductionist model and highlight that this model provides a more robust explanation of technology adoption by groups than a methodological individualist view. Further, the study also highlights some conditions wherein the methodological individualist view fails to provide correct explanations. The implications of the study's findings for future research are discussed.
Gaussian process surrogate models for the properties of micro-tearing modes in spherical tokamaks

Spherical tokamaks (STs) have many desirable features that make them a suitable choice for fusion power plants. To understand their confinement properties, accurate calculation of turbulent micro-instabilities is necessary for tokamak design. Presented is a novel surrogate model for Micro-tearing modes (MTMs), the micro-instability thought to be dominant in high beta STs. Direct numerical calculation of micro-instabilities is computationally expensive and is a significant bottleneck in integrated plasma modelling. The considerable number of geometric and thermodynamic parameters, the interactions that influence these coefficients and the resolutions needed to accurately resolve these modes, makes direct numerical simulation for parameter space exploration computationally extremely challenging. However, this and the dearth of accurate reduced physics models for MTMs makes it suitable for surrogate modelling using Gaussian Process Regression, a modern machine learning technique. This paper outlines the further development of a data-driven reduced-order model across a spherical tokamak reactor-relevant parameter space utilising Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and classification; techniques from machine learning. To build the original simple GP model these two components were used in an active learning loop to maximise the efficiency of data acquisition thus minimising computational cost. The `simple' GP was seen to show a plateau of fidelity with more data and to be under-confident, particular in areas of parameter space close to marginal stability. It is postulated that the presence of multiple sub-types of MTM could be the root cause, with the underlying function being less smooth than expected. An expansion of the model using clustering algorithms to find optimal sub models using a mixture of experts approach is shown to greatly improve the variances in the outputs of the GP model.