Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A simple linear-time algorithm for generating auxiliary 3-edge-connected subgraphs

A linear-time algorithm for generating auxiliary subgraphs for the 3-edge-connected components of a connected multigraph is presented. The algorithm uses an innovative graph contraction operation and makes only one pass over the graph. By contrast, the previously best-known algorithms make multiple passes over the graph to decompose it into its 2-edge-connected components or 2-vertex-connected components, then its 3-edge-connected components or 3-vertex-connected components, and then construct a cactus representation for the 2-cuts to generate the auxiliary subgraphs for the 3-edge-connected components.
Dissimilarity between synchronization processes on networks

In this study, we present a framework for comparing two dynamical processes that describe the synchronization of oscillators coupled through networks. The differences in the dynamics considered are a consequence of modifications or variations in the couplings on the same network. We introduce a measure of dissimilarity defined in terms of a metric on a hypertorus, allowing us to compare the phases of coupled oscillators. This formalism is implemented to examine the effect of the weight of an edge in the synchronization of two oscillators, the introduction of new sets of edges in interacting cycles, the effect of bias in the couplings and the addition of a link in a ring. We also compare the synchronization of nonisomorphic graphs with four nodes. Finally, we study the dissimilarities generated when we contrast the Kuramoto model with the respective linear approximation for different random initial phases in deterministic and random networks. The approach introduced provides a general tool for comparing synchronization processes on networks, allowing us to understand the dynamics of a complex system as a consequence of the coupling structure and the processes that can occur in it.
Introduction of Casino Gaming in Okinawa, Japan: A Case Study of Challenges and Opportunities

Tourism is the largest and leading industry in Okin awa, Japan, and it has been increasing over the past few years. Okinawa's entire economic situation however, has faced unprecedented challenges. Consistently with the lowest average salaries in Ja pan and a high unemployment rate as well as the local government d ependence on subsidies from the Japanese government, economic su stainability is a major issue facing Okinawa. One facet of the touris m industry that could be offered in Okinawa for an alternative source of economic prosperity for the area is the introduction of Casino gambling. Co nsidering the current uncertain economic circumstances, the Okinawan pref ectural government introduced a casino concept as one possible solutio n for economic transformation. One of the challenges is that Japan is the only industrialized nation without legalized casino gami ng. This study examines and discusses the topic of the introductio n of casino gaming in Okinawa.
On the wurtzite to tetragonal phase transformation in ZnO nanowires

There is a long standing contradiction on the tensile response of zinc oxide nanowires between theoretical prediction and experimental observations. Although it is proposed that there is a ductile behavior dominated by phase transformation, only an elastic deformation and brittle fracture was witnessed in experiments. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we clarified that, as the lateral dimension of zinc oxide nanowires increases to a critical value, an unambiguous ductile-to-brittle transition occurs. The critical value increases with decreasing the strain rate. Factors including planar defects and surface contamination induce brittle fracture prior to the initiation of phase transformation. These findings are consistent with previous atomistic standpoints and experimental results.
Generation of harmonic mode-locking of bound solitons in the ultrafast fiber laser with Sb2Te3 saturable absorber on microfiber

We report on the observation of the harmonic mode-locking of bound solitons in an erbium-doped fiber laser with an Sb2Te3 topological insulator saturable absorber (SA) on a microfiber. In the regime, there are two solitons in the bound-state pulses and the soliton separation is almost constant at different pump powers. When changing the pump power from 108 mW to 520 mW, the repetition rate of the bound-soliton mode-locking increases from 8th harmonic (105.6 MHz) to 46th harmonic (607.2 MHz). Our experiment results show that the Sb2Te3 topological insulator SA on microfiber could be not only used as an excellent mode locker, but could also provide a highly nonlinear effect for effectively exploring the multiple pulses in the fiber lasers.
Predictive Coding Produces Alpha-band Rhythmic Travelling Waves

Predictive coding is a key mechanism to understand the computational processes underlying brain functioning: in a hierarchical network, higher layers predict the activity of lower layers, and the unexplained residuals (i.e. prediction errors) are sent through. At CCN’17 we showed that a simple 2-layers predictive coding model of visual cortex, with physiological communication delays between layers, gives rise to alpha-band rhythms (8-12Hz), similar to experimental observations. We now demonstrate that a multi-layer version of the same model can explain the occurrence of oscillatory travelling waves across layers, both feedforward (during visual stimulation) and backward (during rest). Remarkably, the predictions of our model are matched by the analysis of two independent EEG datasets, in which we observed oscillatory travelling waves. In conclusion, we suggest that predictive coding could be the origin of important features of neuronal activity, such as alpha rhythms and travelling waves.
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENETAS TELUR SEMI OTOMATIS

Provinsi gorontalo merupakan salah satu daerah dengan program unggulan bidang pertanian dan peternakan. Untuk mengsukseskan program tersebut perlu adanya masukkan teknologi yang tepat dalam pelaksanaannya, dalam bidang peternakan produksi ayam provinsi gorontalo sekitar 499.000/tahun dengan pertumbuhan tahun 2012 sampai 2013 berkisar 2.8%. Setelah melakukan pengujian dan analisa data, maka dapat diambil beberapa kesimpulan yaitu: Dengan adanya alat penetas telur, secara menggunakan system rak putar ini, memberikan kemudahan dalam proses penetasan telur. Dengan pemanas 5 buah lapu pijar dengan total 25 Watt untuk kapasitas 120 sampai 150 butir telur.Pada pengujian alat penetas telur ini melakukan pengujian 34 telur yang dierami. Dan hasil pengujian yang ditetaskan 19 telur, sedangkan yang tidak menetas 15 telur.Pada hasil percobaan penetas telur ini mengatur suhu antara 38-39ÂoC dan memperoleh keberhasilan penetas yang cukup agak memuaskan yaitu 44,11%. Alat yang dibuat penulis ini mengunakan sistem pengatur suhu menggunakan thermostat untuk menjaga kelembapan suhu di dalam dan rak pemutar mengunakan hadle untuk pemutaran rak telur. Diharapkan rancang bangun alat ini akan membantu para peternak ayam dalam proses penetasan telur sehingga kemampuan daya penetasan telur lebih banyak.
Beyond Drought: People, Policy and Perspectives

The unpredictability of Australia's climate poses real challenges for practices that were developed based on the relative predictability of a European climate. More recently, policy has been moving towards accepting drought as a reality, rejecting the notion that it is a natural disaster in favour of an approach based on risk management. However, the level of public debate during a drought event suggests that this policy approach has not been widely understood or accepted. Media reporting of drought rapidly adopts disaster-related language and the organisation of relief appeals reinforces the impression that drought is an aberration rather than a normal part of Australia's climate patterns. Beyond Drought provides a multi-disciplinary discussion aimed at increasing the level of understanding of drought's many facets and its impact on the environment, communities and the economy. It introduces a range of perspectives in order to emphasise the complexity of drought policy. The book cuts through the often emotional debate that occurs during a drought event, aiming to stimulate reasoned discussion about the best way that Australian farmers and the broader community can live with the vagaries of an uncertain climate.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction via Social Media

Researchers use Twitter and sentiment analysis to predict Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk. We developed a new dictionary of CVD-related keywords by analyzing emotions expressed in tweets. Tweets from eighteen US states, including the Appalachian region, were collected. Using the VADER model for sentiment analysis, users were classified as potentially at CVD risk. Machine Learning (ML) models were employed to classify individuals' CVD risk and applied to a CDC dataset with demographic information to make the comparison. Performance evaluation metrics such as Test Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1 score, Mathew's Correlation Coefficient (MCC), and Cohen's Kappa (CK) score were considered. Results demonstrated that analyzing tweets' emotions surpassed the predictive power of demographic data alone, enabling the identification of individuals at potential risk of developing CVD. This research highlights the potential of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and ML techniques in using tweets to identify individuals with CVD risks, providing an alternative approach to traditional demographic information for public health monitoring.
The SPS Tests of the HL-LHC Crab Cavities

Two superconducting crab cavities in the framework of the High Luminosity (HL-LHC) LHC were built to test for the first time with proton beams in the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN. These tests will address the operation of the crab cavities in a high current and high energy proton machine through the full energy cycle with a primary focus on cavity transparency, performance and stability, failure modes and long term effects on proton beams. An overview of the SPS cryomodule development towards the SPS tests along with the first test results are presented.
Parameter Optimization for Real-World ENSO Forecast in an Intermediate Coupled Model

We performed parameter estimation in the Zebiak–Cane model for the real-world scenario using the approach of ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation and the observational data of sea surface temperature and wind stress analyses. With real-world data assimilation in the coupled model, our study shows that model parameters converge toward stable values. Furthermore, the new parameters improve the real-world ENSO prediction skill, with the skill improved most by the parameter of the highest climate sensitivity (gam2), which controls the strength of anomalous upwelling advection term in the SST equation. The improved prediction skill is found to be contributed mainly by the improvement in the model dynamics, and second by the improvement in the initial field. Finally, geographic-dependent parameter optimization further improves the prediction skill across all the regions. Our study suggests that parameter optimization using ensemble data assimilation may provide an effective strategy to improve climate models and their real-world climate predictions in the future.
Efficient Online Quantum Generative Adversarial Learning Algorithms with Applications

The recognition of entanglement states is a notoriously difficult problem when no prior information is available. Here, we propose an efficient quantum adversarial bipartite entanglement detection scheme to address this issue. Our proposal reformulates the bipartite entanglement detection as a two-player zero-sum game completed by parameterized quantum circuits, where a two-outcome measurement can be used to query a classical binary result about whether the input state is bipartite entangled or not. In principle, for an N-qubit quantum state, the runtime complexity of our proposal is O(poly(N)T) with T being the number of iterations. We experimentally implement our protocol on a linear optical network and exhibit its effectiveness to accomplish the bipartite entanglement detection for 5-qubit quantum pure states and 2-qubit quantum mixed states. Our work paves the way for using near-term quantum machines to tackle entanglement detection on multipartite entangled quantum systems.
Impact of Human-AI Interaction on User Trust and Reliance in AI-Assisted Qualitative Coding

While AI shows promise for enhancing the efficiency of qualitative analysis, the unique human-AI interaction resulting from varied coding strategies makes it challenging to develop a trustworthy AI-assisted qualitative coding system (AIQCs) that supports coding tasks effectively. We bridge this gap by exploring the impact of varying coding strategies on user trust and reliance on AI. We conducted a mixed-methods split-plot 3x3 study, involving 30 participants, and a follow-up study with 6 participants, exploring varying text selection and code length in the use of our AIQCs system for qualitative analysis. Our results indicate that qualitative open coding should be conceptualized as a series of distinct subtasks, each with differing levels of complexity, and therefore, should be given tailored design considerations. We further observed a discrepancy between perceived and behavioral measures, and emphasized the potential challenges of under- and over-reliance on AIQCs systems. Additional design implications were also proposed for consideration.
Observed and modelled historical hydroclimatic variability in South America: cases of the Amazon, Sao Francisco and Parana-La Plata rivers

The subject of this study is to analyse the hydroclimatic variability in three large river basins in South America: the Amazon, the Sao Francisco in Northeast Brazil and the Parana-La Plata in subtropical southeastern South America. This study is based on long-term observations of river streamflow and rainfall in these river basins, as well as estimates of the water balance components. The focus is to identify interannual and decadal time-scale variability, as well as to investigate the variability of the atmospheric moisture transports in and out of the river basins typical of the present climate. Together with the observational analysis we use a 50-year simulation of decadal-scale variability from the Centro de Previsao de Tempo e Estudos Climaticos atmospheric global climate model (CPTEC AGCM). After identifying decadal time-scale variability, we link this variability to the observed variability on the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, and also identify these modes of variability in the CPTEC AGCM simulations.
Gravitational decoherence and gravitational-wave function collapse

Gravitational decoherence and gravitational wave function collapse are presented as two related but conceptually distinct ideas. Gravitational decoherence measures the effect of gravitational perturbations on the evolution of quantum systems, in particular their progressive lack of coherence. Gravitational wave function collapse starts with the assumption that the Schr¨odinger equation is not entirely right, and must be supplemented with extra terms, which cause the (random) collapse of the wave function; the collapse is then linked to gravity. Some of the most popular models are reviewed, with an emphasis on their conceptual status, stage of development, and open questions.
Lifting Theorems Meet Information Complexity: Known and New Lower Bounds of Set-disjointness

Set-disjointness problems are one of the most fundamental problems in communication complexity and have been extensively studied in past decades. Given its importance, many lower bound techniques were introduced to prove communication lower bounds of set-disjointness. Combining ideas from information complexity and query-to-communication lifting theorems, we introduce a density increment argument to prove communication lower bounds for set-disjointness: We give a simple proof showing that a large rectangle cannot be $0$-monochromatic for multi-party unique-disjointness. We interpret the direct-sum argument as a density increment process and give an alternative proof of randomized communication lower bounds for multi-party unique-disjointness. Avoiding full simulations in lifting theorems, we simplify and improve communication lower bounds for sparse unique-disjointness. Potential applications to be unified and improved by our density increment argument are also discussed.
Electrophysiological Mechanisms in the Anterior Insula Cortex during Reward Expectancy

Reward expectancy contributes to behavioral performance by coordinating the allocation of cognitive resources, which incorporates the involvement of the anterior insular cortex (AIC). To investigate the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying reward expectancy in the AIC, we collected intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) data from epilepsy patients implanted for clinical purposes. During the recording, they navigated a virtual T-maze where they encountered rewards at three predetermined locations. We focused on the time window proximal to entering the reward zone, which was defined as the expectancy stage. During this stage, a strong phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) effect was found between local theta oscillation and gamma activity within the AIC. Interestingly, the PAC effect exhibited a specific temporal structure in which the peak gamma power was progressively coupled to an earlier theta phase before each onset of the same reward. Meanwhile, the reward-specific brain patterns were pre-activated during the expectancy stage of rewards. This pre-activation was tended to take place simultaneously with the occurrence of peak gamma activities across individual trials. Furthermore, the pre-activation of reward-specific patterns also progressively shifted forward on theta phases as more trials were conducted. These phenomena of phase shift were reminiscent of the phase precession effect in which single neurons fire at progressively earlier phases of low-frequency oscillations, and thus were called phase-precession-like effects (PPLEs). Additionally, subjects exhibiting PPLEs in the AIC presented less variability and a more notable improvement in response latency across trials. These results revealed possible electrophysiological mechanisms of the AIC underlying reward expectancy. Graphic abstract:
Collaborative-Tick Surveillance Works: An Academic and Government Partnership for Tick Surveillance in the Southeastern United States (Acari: Ixodidae)

Abstract Tick surveillance provides essential information on distributions and encounter frequencies; it is a component of operational activities in public health practice. Our research objectives were a proof-of-concept for collaborative surveillance, which involved establishing an academic and government partnership to enhance tick surveillance efforts. The University of Tennessee (UT) collaborated with United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) in an Occupational Health and Safety partnership. UT provided FIA crews in the southeastern United States with vials containing 80% ethanol (July 2014–November 2017). Crew members were instructed to put all encountered ticks into the vials and return them to FIA headquarters. UT identified all submitted ticks to species and life stage, and screened Amblyomma americanum (L.) for Ehrlichia bacteria using a nested-PCR assay. From the 198 returned vials, 1,180 ticks were submitted, including A. americanum (90.51%; 202 larvae, 503 nymphs, and 363 adults), Dermacentor variabilis Say (7.12%; 1 nymph, 83 adults), Ixodes scapularis (Say) (1.61%; 19 adults), Amblyomma maculatum Koch (0.59%; 1 nymph, 6 adults), and Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius) (0.17%; 1 nymph, 1 adult). FIA crews encountered A. americanum with Ehrlichia and collection information was used to generate baseline occurrence data of tick encounters. Results indicate that this collaborative-tick surveillance can be improved and used to generate useful data including pathogen detection, and because crews revisit these sites, changes in tick encounters can be monitored.
Nonuniqueness of implicit lattice Nagumo equation

We consider the implicit discretization of Nagumo equation on finite lattices and show that its variational formulation corresponds in various parameter settings to convex, mountain-pass or saddle-point geometries. Consequently, we are able to derive conditions under which the implicit discretization yields multiple solutions. Interestingly, for certain parameters we show nonuniqueness for arbitrarily small discretization steps. Finally, we provide a simple example showing that the nonuniqueness can lead to complex dynamics in which the number of bounded solutions grows exponentially in time iterations, which in turn implies infinite number of global trajectories.
The Use of Hypsometry to Indicate Long-Term Stability and Response of Valley Glaciers to Changes in Mass Transfer

Abstract A simple equation is derived relating the net mass-balance and hypsometric curves of a steady-state valley glacier. It is used to examine how valley shape is linked to disparate extents and responses of glaciers subjected to similar climatic conditions. Examples are given which show that area-based indices (e.g. AAR) for estimating the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) may be subject to a substantial built-in variance because they implicitly rely upon similarity of glacier shape and regimen over a region. If accurate topographic maps are available, the equation may be used to infer the regimen of modern glaciers in the form of a dimensionless ratio of net mass-balance gradients. Alternatively, if similar information is available concerning regional glacier regimen, disparate extents and responses may be collectively utilized to estimate values of ELA or to infer climatic influence, taking glacier hypsometry into account.
Phase II study of the combination of cetuximab and weekly paclitaxel in the first-line treatment of patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck.

BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of a novel combination of weekly paclitaxel and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody cetuximab for the first-line treatment of recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received paclitaxel (80 mg/m(2)) and cetuximab (400/250 mg/m(2)), weekly, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was response rate. RESULTS Among 46 patients enrolled, the overall response rate was 54% [95% confidence interval (CI) 39% to 69%], with 10 (22%) complete responses and a disease control rate of 80%. Median progression-free and overall survival times were 4.2 (95% CI 2.9-5.5 months) and 8.1 months (95% CI 6.6-9.6 months), respectively. Common grade 3/4 adverse events were acne-like rash (24%), asthenia (17%) and neutropenia (13%). Prior chemotherapy and the development of acne-like rash were associated with tumor response but not survival. No association between tumor EGFR expression or EGFR gene copy number and response or survival was found. CONCLUSION The combination of cetuximab and weekly paclitaxel was active and well tolerated by these poor prognosis patients and may be an option for the treatment of medically unfit patients, particularly those for whom platinum is contraindicated.