Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semiparametric estimation for measurement error models with validation data

We consider regression problems where error‐prone surrogates of true predictors are collected in a primary data set while accurate measurements of the predictors are available only in a relatively small validation data set. We propose a new class of semiparametric estimators for the regression coefficients based on expected estimating equations, where the relationship between the surrogates and the true predictors is modelled nonparametrically using a kernel smoother trained with the validation data. The new methods are developed under two different scenarios where the response variable is either observed or not observed in the validation data set. The proposed estimators have a natural connection with the fractional imputation method. They are consistent, asymptotically unbiased, and normal in both scenarios. Our simulation studies show that the proposed estimators are superior to competitors in terms of bias and mean squared error and are quite robust against the misspecification of the regression model and bandwidth selection. A real data application to the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging is presented for illustration. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 45: 185–201; 2017 © 2017 Statistical Society of Canada
Epidemiological models in semiclassical approximation: an analytically solvable model as a test case

Stochastic models that can describe real epidemiological processes can become very quickly quite complex. Approximation schemes are a useful tool to understand the qualitative behaviour of such processes. In this paper, we investigate the semiclassical approximation, performed in the context of the Hamilton–Jacobi formalism, for solutions of master equations of stochastic epidemiological systems. In a test case of a previously investigated process, the linear infection model, we can analytically solve Hamilton's equations of motion. This helps to understand generalizations to more complex epidemiological systems as needed to describe realistic cases like multi‐strain systems applicable to dengue fever, for example. The connection between the semiclassical approach for epidemiological systems and the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation in quantum mechanics is also discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring of early catastrophic optical damage in laser diodes based on facet reflectivity measurement

We propose a convenient, inexpensive technique to monitor the fast early stage of catastrophic optical damage (COD) in 808-nm high-power laser diodes (LDs). Using an optical system based on the 1550-nm laser diode illuminant and photodiode, we measured the facet reflectivity, which gives information about the surface morphology of the output facet with a temporal resolution of 2 ns, allowing us to trace the rapid early COD process in a transient, real-time mode. The formation of the detected 4-μm-long COD damaged area, which caused a local uneven surface at the output facet and a rapid drop in facet reflectivity at 1550 nm from 28% to 2%, was completed within 20–30 ns, 10 ns shorter than that in the longer-wavelength devices.
The Identification of CELSR3 and Other Potential Cell Surface Targets in Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer

Although recent efforts have led to the development of highly effective androgen receptor (AR)-directed therapies for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, a significant subset of patients will progress with resistant disease including AR-negative tumors that display neuroendocrine features [neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC)]. On the basis of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from a clinical cohort of tissue from benign prostate, locally advanced prostate cancer, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and NEPC, we developed a multi-step bioinformatics pipeline to identify NEPC-specific, overexpressed gene transcripts that encode cell surface proteins. This included the identification of known NEPC surface protein CEACAM5 as well as other potentially targetable proteins (e.g., HMMR and CESLR3). We further showed that cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3 (CELSR3) knockdown results in reduced NEPC tumor cell proliferation and migration in vitro. We provide in vivo data including laser capture microdissection followed by RNA-seq data supporting a causal role of CELSR3 in the development and/or maintenance of the phenotype associated with NEPC. Finally, we provide initial data that suggests CELSR3 is a target for T-cell redirection therapeutics. Further work is now needed to fully evaluate the utility of targeting CELSR3 with T-cell redirection or other similar therapeutics as a potential new strategy for patients with NEPC. Significance: The development of effective treatment for patients with NEPC remains an unmet clinical need. We have identified specific surface proteins, including CELSR3, that may serve as novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets for NEPC.
Assessment of Unjustified Brain Ct Requests in The Emergency Room of The Public Health Care System in Palestine Case Study: Hebron Governmental Hospital

Computed tomography (CT), which gives doctors a precise cross-sectional image that clearly shows the features of the organs, is one of the most crucial pieces of medical imaging equipment. In contrast to other equipment, the CT scan may expose the patient to a very high dose of radiation. As a result of the hazards associated with imaging patients, the use of CT images must be restricted, especially when imaging the head. The aim of the study is to the evaluation of the percentage of unjustified brain CT requests at the emergency rooms of the governmental health sector in Palestine. The 1957-built Hebron Governmental Hospital (HGH) was chosen as a research study case with a clinical capacity of 237 beds and 596 staff members; it is one of the key Palestinian government hospitals currently operating in the Hebron Governorate of the West Bank-Palestine. Samples were taken from the hospital's emergency room between the first of the year and the end of the year in 2021. 6152 or so brain CT images were gathered. Following that, 500 instances were picked for the investigation. Radiologists were asked to assess 100 of these 500 cases to determine whether the patient needed a scan or not. According to the study, 78% of brain tomography images were for unjustifiable reasons. Additionally, it was revealed by the study's results that unnecessary head CT scans were more common than those from retrospective investigations. In particular, non-specialized doctors who request cross-sectional brain imaging for no apparent reason are to blame for this because of their lack of knowledge.
Calibrating non-central catadioptric vision system using local target reconstruction

In a traditional catadioptric calibration process, a calibration target placed in different views is required and it leads to complexity in the calibration process. In order to simplify the calibration process of a non-central catadioptric vision system, we developed a local target reconstruction method used a circle-square-combined target. Each circle-square on the target is regarded as an independent sub-region. According to the local mapping of the sub-regions, these can be reconstructed based on the curvature of a curved mirror and the characteristics of the circle-square-combined target. The overall procedure requires a single image, due to the reconstructed sub-regions. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, real experiments have been carried out and the results show that the proposed method is reliable and efficient.
Characteristics of Internal Tides from ECCO Salinity Estimates and Observations in the Bay of Bengal

Internal waves (IWs) are generated in all the oceans, and their amplitudes are large, especially in regions that receive a large amount of freshwater from nearby rivers, which promote highly stratified waters. When barotropic tides encounter regions of shallow bottom-topography, internal tides (known as IWs of the tidal period) are generated and propagated along the pycnocline due to halocline or thermocline. In the North Indian Ocean, the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and the Andaman Sea receive a large volume of freshwater from major rivers and net precipitation during the summer monsoon. This study addresses the characteristics of internal tides in the BoB and Andaman Sea using NASA’s Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) project’s high-resolution (1/48° and hourly) salinity estimates at 1 m depth (hereafter written as ECCO salinity) during September 2011–October 2012, time series of temperature, and salinity profiles from moored buoys. A comparison is made between ECCO salinity and NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) salinity and Aquarius salinity. The time series of ECCO salinity and observed salinity are subjected to bandpass filtering with an 11–14 h period and 22–26 h period to detect and estimate the characteristics of semi-diurnal and diurnal period internal tides. Our analysis reveals that the ECCO salinity captured well the surface imprints of diurnal period internal tide propagating through shallow pycnocline (~50 m depth) due to halocline, and the latter suppresses the impact of semi-diurnal period internal tide propagating at thermocline (~100 m depth) reaching the sea surface. The semi-diurnal (diurnal) period internal tides have their wavelengths and phase speeds increased (decreased) from the central Andaman Sea to the Sri Lanka coast. Propagation of diurnal period internal tide is dominant in the northern BoB and northern Andaman Sea.
Case Report: Genetic and immune microenvironmental characteristics of a rectal cancer patient with MSS/PD-L1-negative recurrent hepatopulmonary metastasis who achieved complete remission after treatment with PD-1 inhibitor

Currently, microsatellite high instability (MSI-H)/mismatch repair protein deletion (dMMR) has become a crucial biomarker for utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, the proportion of MSI-H/dMMR in advanced patients is only about 5% and mCRC patients with microsatellite stability (MSS)/proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) exhibit poor responses to immunotherapy. Although diverse immune combination therapy regimens have been examined in patients with advanced colorectal cancer who demonstrate MSS/pMMR, these approaches have not yielded favorable efficacy and only a limited proportion of patients have benefited, especially for advanced colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases. Therefore, the mechanism of benefit and potential biomarkers of immunotherapy in patients with MSS/pMMR mCRC deserve more in-depth exploration. Here, we present a case study of a rectal cancer patient with MSS and PD-L1-negative recurrent hepatopulmonary metastases who attained complete remission (CR) and sustained benefits with immunotherapy after systemic therapy had failed. The analysis of the patient’s genetic and immune microenvironmental characteristics revealed that mutations in DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway genes and the existence of abundant tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes could contribute to his potential benefit.
Distributional semantic analysis in a technical corpus

ABSTRACT This paper presents the methodology of a distributional analysis for the exploration of semantic similarity in a small technical corpus. The aim is to show the semantic issues at stake in a series of statistical experiments. First-order co-occurrences of a technical node are clustered based on shared-order second and third-order co-occurrences and on the respective association strength. The results of the statistical clustering techniques show semantic similarities and dissimilarities between first-order co-occurrences by means of proximities and distances on 2D-plots and 3D-plots. By fine-tuning the statistical analysis and by using enriched distributional data, we aim at achieving more revealing semantic interpretations.
Characteristics of Auroral Electron Precipitation at Geomagnetic Latitude 67° Over Tromsø

We use the EISCAT incoherent scatter radar data measured in years 2001–2021 to study statistical characteristics of 1–100 keV electron precipitation at 66.7° MLAT over Tromsø. Peak energies, auroral powers and number fluxes of precipitating electrons are derived from electron density altitude profiles measured along the geomagnetic field line during periods of no photoionization. The method allows us to include energetic 30–100 keV electrons, which are poorly covered in earlier satellite‐based studies. Locations of the radar within the auroral oval are determined using a model with the 1‐hr Hpo geomagnetic index as input. The average peak energy of precipitating electrons increases almost monotonically from evening (18 MLT) to morning hours (09 MLT). The 30–50 keV electrons dominate the energetic electron precipitation before 06 MLT, after which the 50–100 keV precipitation becomes dominant. Large auroral powers (>60 mWm−2) are observed in the 18–02 MLT sector in the main auroral oval. We obtain occurrence rate of electron precipitation in Tromsø by calculating the fraction of data points with auroral power larger than 2 mWm−2. The occurrence rate peaks during the declining phases of solar cycles (sc), in 2002–2004 for sc23 and in 2015–2017 for sc24, caused by variations in geomagnetic activity. In addition, the occurrence rate has maxima during March and September, minimum in December to January, and it increases monotonically from evening to morning hours, reaching maximum at 05–06 MLT.
Structure-Based Discovery of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand (RANKL)-Induced Osteoclastogenesis Inhibitors

Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) has been actively pursued as a therapeutic target for osteoporosis, given that RANKL is the master mediator of bone resorption as it promotes osteoclast differentiation, activity and survival. We employed a structure-based virtual screening approach comprising two stages of experimental evaluation and identified 11 commercially available compounds that displayed dose-dependent inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. Their inhibitory effects were quantified through TRAP activity at the low micromolar range (IC50 < 5 μΜ), but more importantly, 3 compounds displayed very low toxicity (LC50 > 100 μΜ). We also assessed the potential of an N-(1-aryl-1H-indol-5-yl)aryl-sulfonamide scaffold that was based on the structure of a hit compound, through synthesis of 30 derivatives. Their evaluation revealed 4 additional hits that inhibited osteoclastogenesis at low micromolar concentrations; however, cellular toxicity concerns preclude their further development. Taken together with the structure–activity relationships provided by the hit compounds, our study revealed potent inhibitors of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis of high therapeutic index, which bear diverse scaffolds that can be employed in hit-to-lead optimization for the development of therapeutics against osteolytic diseases.
A Lagrangian–Hamiltonian unified formalism for a class of dissipative systems

Entropy production in classical thermomechanical systems is the result of three sources: transfer of heat; dissipative stresses, such as viscosity; and internal variables. In this paper, a variational treatment for dissipative systems due to internal variables is presented. Specifically, in the context of the theory of internal variables, a novel dissipative Lagrangian–Hamiltonian formalism is developed. Two fundamental thermodynamic functions (the free energy and the entropy production rate) form the basis of this formalism. The Hamiltonian formulation reveals a new structure on the phase space, and is applied to prove large-time solutions for the semilinear problem. Finally, the formalism is applied to the problem of dynamic brittle fracture.
An Advanced Energy Management and Harvesting System for Network Lifetime for Industrial IoT in Smart Cities

In smart cities, managing the energy in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) IoT networks is a challenging issue. In a cluster-based IIoT, cluster heads (CHs) near the sink quickly deplete their energy as they are responsible for relaying a large amount of data. It results in isolating the sink from the network and causes an energy hole or hot spot problem. Many solutions exist for this problem, including sink mobility, unequal clustering, use of gateways, etc. Each of these solutions has its own merits and demerits. It is well known that combining clustering and energy-aware routing can significantly extend the IIoT’s lifetime. In this work, we propose an advanced energy management and harvesting system for enhancement of network lifetime of IIoT in smart cities by addressing the hot spot problems. The system is based on energy-aware clustering and routing algorithms that employ energy-harvesting nodes deployed along with the normal sensor nodes. We simulate the proposed system extensively for various cases of network topology. A couple of existing algorithms are analyzed and compared with simulated results. It is shown that the network lifetime is increased significantly compared to the existing ones.
A simulation model for analyzing the spatiotemporal receptive field of retinal ganglion cells in the presence of fixational eye movements

Understanding the receptive field dynamics of vertebrate retinal ganglion cells in the presence of fixational eye movements is considered to provide insights into information processing/encoding optimized behaviors in animals and autonomous robots in the future. Previous studies have proposed computational models that account for fixational eye movements, suggesting that the long-range spatial inhibitions provided by wide field amacrine cells to some subtypes of bipolar cells and ganglion cells dynamically shape the responses of ganglion cells. In the present study, we constructed a simulation model of a retinal circuit based on recent physiological findings and computational elements that are feasible for digital hardware implementation. The model validity was tested through computer simulation experiments and by analyzing the time series of spike outputs from the ganglion cell unit. As a preliminary result, we were able to quantify the spatiotemporal receptive field by applying a simple white-noise movie stimulus
Image Steganography via Fully Exploiting Modification Direction

Embedding bits by replacing pixel’s least-significant bit (LSB) is a simple but great idea. Nevertheless, this method is not safe enough. Afterwards, a series of effective and safe algorithms which are based on LSB substitution method were proposed such as EMD (exploiting modification direction) and EMD-2. EMD, modifying at most one of n
Blood lipid profiles, fatty acid deposition and expression of hepatic lipid and lipoprotein metabolism genes in laying hens fed palm oils, palm kernel oil, and soybean oil

The palm oil, palm kernel oil and soybean oil have unique and distinctive fatty acid chain length and saturation profiles, and how they affect lipid peroxidation, fatty acid intake and metabolism is worth exploring in poultry. This study elucidated the influence the dietary oils on lipid peroxidation, blood lipid profiles, fatty acid deposition of liver, serum and yolk and the expression of liver genes related to lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in laying hens. About 150 Hisex brown laying hens were fed diets containing crude palm oil (CPO), red palm oil (RPO), refined palm oil (RBD), palm kernel oil (PKO) or soybean oil (SBO) for 16 weeks. Serum, liver and yolk lipid peroxidation were not different between dietary oils. The PKO increased liver, serum and yolk medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA). There was no difference in liver saturated fatty acids (SFA). The CPO and RPO reduced serum SFA, but the PKO increased yolk SFA. The SBO increased polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in liver serum and yolk. No difference in liver elaidic acid (C18:1-trans), but SBO lowered elaidic acid (C18:1-trans) in serum. Higher very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in CPO than RPO and SBO and greater serum lipase in CPO, RBD and PKO than SBO. There was no difference in sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-II) between oils. Apolipoprotein VLDL-II (APOVLDL2) was upregulated in palm oils and apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB) in RBD. Downregulation in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) was observed in palm oils and PKO. In conclusion, different dietary oils greatly influence several aspects of fatty acid metabolism, deposition and lipoprotein profiles but have no influence on reducing lipid peroxidation.
Computers and Mathematics with Applications Conceptual design of AM components using layout and geometry optimization

In this paper truss layout optimization is used in conjunction with geometry optimization toprovidethebasisforapowerfulconceptualdesigntoolforadditivelymanufactured(AM) components,particularlyusefulwhenthedegreeofdesignfreedomishigh.Withlayoutop- timization the design domain is discretized using a grid of nodes which are interconnected with discrete line elements, forming a ‘ground structure’. Linear optimization can then be used to identify the subset of elements forming the minimum volume structure required to carry the applied loading. A nonlinear geometry optimization step, which involves adjusting the positions of the nodes, can subsequently be undertaken to simplify and improvethesolution.Simplegeometricalrulescanthenbeusedtoautomaticallytransform a line element layout into a 3D continuum, ready for validation and/or manufacture. Various extensions to the basic method are described in the paper, including AM build direction constraints and techniques to permit user-interaction with candidate designs, which has been found to be invaluable at the conceptual design stage. Finally the approach described is applied to a range of design problems, including the redesign of an airbrake hinge for the Bloodhound Supersonic Car. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the
Characterization of real hypersurface with anti-derivatives of structure Lie operator in a complex space form

In this paper, we investigate the real hypersurfaces on holomorphic distribution D in a complex space form Mn(c), c 6= 0 under the condition that (LξLξ)X + (∇ξLξ)X = 0, where Lξ denote the structure Lie operator of M in Mn(c). Mathethatics Subject Classification: Primary 53C40; Secondary 53C15