Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence-based analysis of time-lapse images of sphere formation and process of plate adhesion and spread of pancreatic cancer cells

Background: Most pancreatic cancers are pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). Spherical morphology formed in three-dimensional (3D) cultures and the effects of anticancer drugs differ between epithelial and mesenchymal PDAC cell lines. In the human pancreas, cancer cells form 3D tumors, migrate to adjacent tissues, and metastasize to other organs. However, no effective methods exist to examine the ability of the tumor mass to migrate to surrounding tissues in vitro. We used spheres formed in 3D culture to investigate whether the migratory ability of tumors of PDAC cell lines, including epithelial and mesenchymal cell lines, varies. Methods: Sphere formation and adhesion and spread on culture plates were examined by artificial intelligence-based analysis of time-lapse imaging using five epithelial and three mesenchymal PDAC cell lines. Fused and non-fused areas of the sphere surface during sphere formation on low-attachment plates, the adhesion area to normal culture plates, and the sphere area maintaining its original form during adhesion to plates were measured. Results: Immunocytochemical staining confirmed that E-cadherin was highly expressed in epithelial PDAC spheres, as was vimentin in mesenchymal PDAC spheres, in 2D culture. When forming spheres using low-attachment plates, most epithelial PDAC cell lines initially showed decreased sphere area, and then the covering cells fused to form a smooth surface on the sphere. Mesenchymal PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells showed little reduction in sphere area and few areas of sphere surface fusion. When formed PDAC spheres were seeded onto normal culture plates, spheres of epithelial PK-8 cells—which have the highest E-cadherin expression, form numerous cysts, and have smooth sphere surfaces—did not adhere to normal plates even after 60 h, and epithelial PK45-P and T3M-4 spheres hardly adhered. Conversely, the area of adhesion and spread of mesenchymal PANC-1 and KP4 cell spheres on normal plates markedly increased from early on, forming large areas of attachment to plates. Conclusion: Seeding spheres formed in 3D culture onto culture plates can clarify differences in tumor migration potential to surrounding areas. The masses formed by each PDAC cell line varied in migratory ability, with mesenchymal PDAC masses being more migratory than epithelial PDAC masses.
Design and Fabrication of a Novel Corona-Shaped Metamaterial Biosensor for Cancer Cell Detection

The early detection and diagnosis of cancer presents significant challenges in today’s healthcare. So, this research, suggests an original experimental biosensor for cell cancer detection using a corona-shaped metamaterial resonator. This resonator is designed to detect cancer markers with high sensitivity, selectivity, and linearity properties. By exploiting the unique properties of the corona metamaterial structure in the GHz regime, the resonator provides enhanced interaction of electromagnetic waves and improved detection skills. Through careful experimental, simulation, and optimization studies, we accurately demonstrate the resonator’s ability to detect cancer. The proposed detection system is capable of real-time non-invasive cancer detection, allowing for rapid intervention and better patient outcomes. The sensitivity value was confirmed through simulation, estimated at 0.1825 GHz/RIU. The results of two different simulation methods are used: the simulation software CST Studio Suite (version 2017) based on the finite element method (FEM), and the simulation software ADS (version 2019) based on the equivalent circuit method, thereby increasing confidence in the convergence of simulation and measurement results. This work opens new avenues for developing advanced detection technologies in the field of oncology, and paves the way for more effective cancer diagnosis. The experimental study verified that this realized sensor has very small frequency shifts, significantly small electrical dimension and miniaturization, high sensitivity, and good linearity. The suggested configurations showed a capacity for sensing cancer cells in the GHz regime.
Uncovering patterns of suspension of movement

In this paper, we propose an exploratory statistical approach to detect patterns of movement suspension without the necessity of spatial or temporal thresholds nor detailed information about the moving entities and their spatial context. We assume that spatial heterogeneity and spatial dependence are present in the speed values of moving objects. In other words, the speed of an object is spatially dependent on the speed of other objects in the neighbourhood, and this dependence will decrease with the distance between observations, indicating the presence of a spatial feature affecting the speed of moving objects. This spatial dependence is computed using the Local Index of Spatial Association (LISA) (Anselin, 1995). We have evaluated the proposed approach within three experiments in order to detect patterns of movement suspension of different moving objects (i.e. elephants, vehicles and pedestrians).
Significant Benefits of Environmentally Friendly Hydrosols from Tropaeolum majus L. Seeds with Multiple Biological Activities

Tropaeolum majus L. is a traditional medicinal plant with a wide range of biological activities due to the degradation products of the glucosinolate glucotropaeolin. Therefore, the goals of this study were to identify volatiles using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) of the hydrosols (HYs) isolated using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG). Cytotoxic activity was tested against a cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), human colon cancer cell line (HCT116), human osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS), and healthy cell line (RPE1). The effect on wound healing was investigated using human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT), while the antibacterial activity of the HYs was tested against growth and adhesion to a polystyrene surface of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Antiphytoviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was determined. The GC-MS analysis showed that the two main compounds in the HYs of T. majus are benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and benzyl cyanide (BCN) using the MAE (62.29% BITC and 15.02% BCN) and MHG (17.89% BITC and 65.33% BCN) extraction techniques. The HYs obtained using MAE showed better cytotoxic activity against the tested cancer cell lines (IC50 value of 472.61–637.07 µg/mL) compared to the HYs obtained using MHG (IC50 value of 719.01–1307.03 μg/mL). Both concentrations (5 and 20 µg/mL) of T. majus HYs using MAE showed a mild but statistically non-significant effect in promoting gap closure compared with untreated cells, whereas the T. majus HY isolated using MHG at a concentration of 15 µg/mL showed a statistically significant negative effect on wound healing. The test showed that the MIC concentration was above 0.5 mg/mL for the HY isolated using MAE, and 2 mg/mL for the HY isolated using MHG. The HY isolated using MHG reduced the adhesion of E. coli at a concentration of 2 mg/mL, while it also reduced the adhesion of S. aureus at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Both hydrosols showed excellent antiphytoviral activity against TMV, achieving100% inhibition of local lesions on the leaves of infected plants, which is the first time such a result was obtained with a hydrosol treatment. Due to the antiphytoviral activity results, hydrosols of T. majus have a promising future for use in agricultural production.
Pentingnya Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan sebagai Pedoman dalam Menghadapi Era Society 5.0 Mendatang

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, kemajuan teknologi telah mengubah cara manusia dalam menjalani kehidupan sepenuhnya. Transisi dari Revolusi Industri ke Era Society 5.0 menandakan bahwa perkembangan dunia terus bergerak maju, sehingga masing-masing individu harus dapat diandalkan dan mampu hidup dalam konteks global yang modern. Era Society 5.0 akan berfokus pada penggunaan teknologi dalam membantu pengelolaan sumber daya manusia yang lebih baik. Supaya generasi muda tidak mudah terombang-ambing dalam perkembangan teknologi ini diperlukan sebuah pembelajaran yang dapat memperkuat karakter kebangsaan dari masing-masing individu. Pendidikan karakter sangat penting dalam rangka mewujudkan suatu bangsa dan negara yang berakhlak mulia dan masyarakat yang adil. Pendidikan karakter ini bisa dicapai dengan adanya pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan peran penting Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan dalam menghadapi era yang akan datang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang dilakukan secara observasi, simak-catat, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan sumber datanya sendiri diperoleh dari artikel-artikel maupun jurnal yang terdapat pada media daring. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam implementasinya Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan memiliki tiga kompetensi yang harus dikuasai tiap individu supaya dapat menghadapi era Society 5.0 dengan baik. Kompetensi yang dimaksud adalah civic knowledge (pengetahuan), civic skills (keterampilan), dan civic dispositions (sikap).
A Compact, Circularly-Polarized, Substrate-Integrated Waveguide, Millimeter-Wave Beamsteering System for 5G Mobile Terminals

A compact, circularly-polarized (CP), end-fire, $4\times 1$ continuous beamsteering antenna array implemented using substrate-integrated waveguides for 5G mobile terminals is proposed in this paper. The purpose of this system is to complement the radiation patterns of planar phased arrays on the faces of a typical mobile terminal. The proposed system seamlessly integrates previously-presented antennas and polarizers, with adjustable phase shifters and a feeding network in a multi-layered, single stack, printed circuit board (PCB) for continuous beamsteering in a compact package. Through the use of forward and reverse couplers, and the stacking of the phase shifters on top of the feeding network, a compact form factor of $7.6\times 4.1\times 0.38\lambda _{o}^{3}$ is achieved. The system was fabricated and assembled through standard PCB processes. The measurements illustrated that the system can achieve a continuous beamsteering range of ±35° with an axial ratio better than 3 dB and a gain variation less than 3 dB. A measured impedance bandwidth (BW) of 8.9% at 28 GHz is also demonstrated. Given its performance, size, ease of manufacture, integrated control lines and single RF feed, the proposed system is a good candidate for 5G millimeter-wave continuous beamsteering in mobile terminals.
Glucose Transport and Utilization in the Hippocampus: From Neurophysiology to Diabetes-Related Development of Dementia

The association of diabetes with cognitive dysfunction has at least 60 years of history, which started with the observation that children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), who had recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia and consequently low glucose supply to the brain, showed a deficit of cognitive capacity. Later, the growing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and dementia in aged populations revealed their high association, in which a reduced neuronal glucose supply has also been considered as a key mechanism, despite hyperglycemia. Here, we discuss the role of glucose in neuronal functioning/preservation, and how peripheral blood glucose accesses the neuronal intracellular compartment, including the exquisite glucose flux across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the complex network of glucose transporters, in dementia-related areas such as the hippocampus. In addition, insulin resistance-induced abnormalities in the hippocampus of obese/T2D patients, such as inflammatory stress, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial stress, increased generation of advanced glycated end products and BBB dysfunction, as well as their association with dementia/Alzheimer’s disease, are addressed. Finally, we discuss how these abnormalities are accompained by the reduction in the expression and translocation of the high capacity insulin-sensitive glucose transporter GLUT4 in hippocampal neurons, which leads to neurocytoglycopenia and eventually to cognitive dysfunction. This knowledge should further encourage investigations into the beneficial effects of promising therapeutic approaches which could improve central insulin sensitivity and GLUT4 expression, to fight diabetes-related cognitive dysfunctions.
Understanding the Impact of Team Cognitive Load and Advice Compliance in Urban Search and Rescue Task

This research concentrates on the impact of Artificial Social Intelligence (ASI)'s advice intervention text messages and the compliance of three human team members, who communicate via voice to carry out victim rescue operations, on the team's performance. This experiment takes place in a simulated Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) task environment built using Minecraft. The ASI agent, utilizing its analytical components designed around interactive real-time measurements, oversees the team's behavior in the USAR task environment. The agent discerns and forecasts the human team members' actions, offering interventions via text messages to foster and sustain team efficacy. The study examines (1) the influence of the team's cognitive load on message compliance from the advisor, and (2) how these elements collectively affect team performance. The results show a positive association between cognitive load, compliance, and enhanced task performance, despite the lack of a significant correlation between cognitive load and compliance.
Evaluation of Disease Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Diagnostic Tools in the Assessment of Histological Healing

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises two types of chronic intestinal disorders: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In long-standing ulcerative colitis disease activity, histological persistent inflammation has been linked to an increased risk of relapse, and long-term corticosteroid use, even when endoscopic remission is reached. In Crohn’s disease, the discontinuous nature of lesions and transmural inflammation have limited the standardized histological assessment. The current evidence from research proposes that besides clinical and endoscopic healing, the achievement of histological healing constitutes an endpoint to assess disease activity and remission in IBD patients concerning better long-term disease outcomes. Histological alterations may persist even in the absence of endoscopic lesions. For these reasons, new advanced techniques promise to revolutionize the field of IBD by improving the endoscopic and histologic assessment, disease characterization, and ultimately patient care, with an established role in daily practice for objective assessment of lesions. This review outlines the importance of including microscopic evaluation in IBD, highlighting the clinical benefits of a deep state of disease remission using validated diagnostic methods and scoring systems for daily clinical practice.
Multimodal Tagging of Human Motion Using Skeletal Tracking With Kinect(TM)

of the Thesis Multimodal Tagging of Human Motion Using Skeletal Tracking With KinectTM by Debaleena Chattopadhyay Master of Science in Computer Science Stony Brook University 2011 Recognizing moves and movements of human body(s) is a challenging problem due to their self-occluding nature and the associated degrees of freedom for each of the numerous body-joints. This work presents a method to tag human actions and interactions by first discovering the human skeleton using depth images acquired by infrared range sensors and then exploiting the resultant skeletal tracking. Instead of estimating the pose of each body part contributing to a set of moves in a decoupled way, we represent a single-person move or a two-person interaction in terms of its skeletal joint positions. So now a single-person move is defined by the spatial and temporal arrangement of his skeletal framework over the episode of the associated move. And for a two-person interactive sequence, an event is defined in terms of both the participating agents’ skeletal framework over time. In this work we have experimented with two different modes of tagging human moves and movements. In collaboration with the Music department we tried an innovative way to tag a single person’s moves with music. As a participating agent performs a set of movements, musical notes
Stream flow forecasting using neuro‐wavelet technique

This paper proposes the application of a neuro‐wavelet technique for modelling monthly stream flows. The neuro‐wavelet model is improved by combining two methods, discrete wavelet transform and multi‐layer perceptron, for one‐month‐ahead stream flow forecasting and results are compared with those of the single multi‐layer perceptron (MLP), multi‐linear regression (MLR) and auto‐regressive (AR) models. Monthly flow data from two stations, Gerdelli Station on Canakdere River and Isakoy Station on Goksudere River, in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey are used in the study. The comparison results revealed that the suggested model could increase the forecast accuracy and perform better than the MLP, MLR and AR models. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self-Reported Physical Inactivity and Mood Disturbances in End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) Patients on Chronic Dialysis Treatment

Background: Physical inactivity and mood disturbances are key issues in individuals with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and may lead to poor clinical outcomes. Methods: We performed a pilot, observational study to explore the possible relationships between the self-reported level of physical activity (IPAQ) and the severity of mood disturbances (BDI score) in a cohort of 58 ESKD patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD; n = 30) or peritoneal dialysis (PD; n = 28). Results: Overall, ESKD patients were severely inactive (median METs: 590 [460–1850]) and the intensity of overall and walking physical activity was mostly low to moderate. HD individuals appeared less active than PD (METs 550 [250–1600] vs. 1080 [750–1730]; p = 0.003) and were also less prone to walking (METs 180 ± 90 vs. 320 ± 100; p = 0.01), while a barely statistical difference was noticed for the time spent sitting. ESKD individuals displayed a median BDI score of 17 [12–21], which indicated, on average, the presence of borderline depression, which was apparently more evident among HD individuals. A strong, inverse correlation was found between self-reported METs and BDI scores (R = −0.78; p < 0.0001), while such scores paralleled the time spent sitting during a weekday (R = 0.45; p = 0.0004) and a weekend day (R = 0.40; p = 0.002). Conclusions: In ESKD patients on chronic dialysis, physical inactivity and mood disturbances might be significantly inter-connected, thereby amplifying their relative impact on quality of life, dysautonomia and long-term outcomes. Future studies on larger populations are recommended to confirm these preliminary observations. Promoting strategies to improve fitness, along with greater attention to physiological aspects, should be incorporated into the clinical management of ESKD patients.
Soil Moisture Stress and Irrigation Management Promote Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Flowering

Soil moisture stress experiments were conducted on 23 year-old mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) trees at the Chanthaburi Horticultural Research Center, Thailand to develop a practical method to promote fl owering of mangosteen. It was demonstrated that irrigation strategies after attaining a threshold water stress condition could be used as an agro-management practice to stimulate mangosteen fl owering. Trees were subjected to the stress conditions that induced a leaf water potential of –0.93 to –1.08 MPa. Irrigation with either 1.85 times the total daily evaporation every 3 rd day or an initial application rd day or an initial application rd of 35 to 40 mm of water per tree plus half that initial rate applied at 7-day-intervals induced production of the largest amount of fl owers and fruits. Soil moisture stress affects fl owering intensity in several tropical fruit trees. Research on carambola and rambutan (Salakpetch et al,. 1990, 1992) as well as mangosteen (Poonnachit et al., 1996) has shown that these crops require a period of water stress before fl owering. Soil moisture stress has also been shown to be a prerequisite for fl owering in cashew (Nambiar, 1977) and mango (Singh, 1977). Alvim (1977) reported that fl ower initiation in cacao is enhanced by a dry period while fl ower growth and development are inhibited under soil moisture defi cits. A period of water stress is also necessary for fl ower bud development in coffee (Alvim, 1960; Maestri and Barros, 1977; Schuch et al., 1992). Chandraparnik et al. (1992) reported that a continuous dry period to achieve a mild stress condition is crucial for fl ower initiation in durian, but irrigation is required to promote growth and development of the fl ower buds to anthesis. However, rainfall greater than 10 mm/day for about 3 to 5 continuous days suppresses development of fl ower buds during the fi rst stage of emergence. Mangosteen is a high value crop due to high orchard establishment costs resulting from its long juvenile period. Once the juvenile period is complete, obtaining consistent fl owering is imperative to recover investments associated with orchard establishment. Development of a practical method that can be used in an agro-management system to manipulate fl owering of mangosteen trees is needed. The objective of this study was to develop a method to promote fl owering in mangosteen by regulating water stress.
Discovery of the first unconventional myosin: Acanthamoeba myosin-I

Having characterized actin from Acanthamoeba castellanii (Weihing and Korn, Biochemistry, 1971, 10, 590–600) and knowing that myosin had been isolated from the slime mold Physarum (Hatano and Tazawa, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1968, 154, 507–519; Adelman and Taylor, Biochemistry, 1969, 8, 4976–4988), we set out in 1969 to find myosin in Acanthamoeba. We used K-EDTA-ATPase activity to assay myosin, because it is a unique feature of muscle myosins. After slightly less than 3 years, we purified a K-EDTA ATPase that interacted with actin. Actin filaments stimulated the Mg-ATPase activity of the crude enzyme, but this was lost with further purification. Recombining fractions from the column where this activity was lost revealed a “cofactor” that allowed actin filaments to stimulate the Mg-ATPase of the purified enzyme. The small size of the heavy chain and physical properties of the purified myosin were unprecedented, so many were skeptical, assuming that our myosin was a proteolytic fragment of a larger myosin similar to muscle or Physarum myosin. Subsequently our laboratories confirmed that Acanthamoeba myosin-I is a novel unconventional myosin that interacts with membrane lipids (Adams and Pollard, Nature, 1989, 340 (6234), 565–568) and that the cofactor is a myosin heavy chain kinase (Maruta and Korn, J. Biol. Chem., 1977, 252, 8329–8332). Phylogenetic analysis (Odronitz and Kollmar, Genome Biology, 2007, 8, R196) later established that class I myosin was the first myosin to appear during the evolution of eukaryotes.
ANALYSIS OF POLLUTION HARM AND COMPREHENSIVE UTILIZATION OF COAL GANGUES

The coal gangue is a kind of solid wastes from coal mining and separating, which is also a kind of grey-black rock harder than coal, characterized by low content of carbon and association with coal seams during coal accumulation. The impact of coal gangues on the environment has been expounded in the paper, and the comprehensive utilization purposes of coal gangues have been emphasized to point out as well. The foreground for the research on the resources utilizations of coal gangues is very great.