Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Micro-Sliced Virtual Processors to Hide the Effect of Discontinuous CPU Availability for Consolidated Systems

Although time-sharing CPUs has been an essential technique to virtualize CPUs for threads and virtual machines, most of the commercial operating systems and hyper visors maintain relatively coarse-grained time slices to mitigate the costs of context switching. However, the proliferation of system virtualization poses a new challenge for the coarse-grained time sharing techniques, since operating systems are running on virtual CPUs. The current system stack was designed under the assumption that operating systems can seize CPU resources at any moment. However, for the guest operating system on a virtual machine (VM), such assumption cannot be guaranteed, since virtual CPUs of VMs share limited physical cores. Due to the time-sharing of physical cores, the execution of a virtual CPU is not contiguous, with a gap between the virtual and real time spaces. Such a virtual time discontinuity problem leads to significant inefficiency for lock and interrupt handling, which rely on the immediate availability of CPUs whenever the operating system requires computation. This paper investigates the impact of virtual time discontinuity problem for lock and interrupt handling in guest operating systems. To reduce the gap between virtual and physical time spaces, the paper proposes to shorten time slices for CPU virtualization to reduce scheduling latencies of virtual CPUs. However, shortening time slices may lead to the increased overhead of context switching costs across virtual machines. We explore the design space of architectural solutions to reduce context switching overheads with low-cost context-aware cache insertion policies combined with a state-of-the-art context prefetcher.
Facet joint disturbance induced by miniscrews in plated cervical laminoplasty

AbstractA retrospective cohort study. Plated cervical laminoplasty is an increasingly common technique. A unique facet joint disturbance induced by lateral mass miniscrews penetrating articular surface was noticed. Facet joints are important to maintain cervical spine stability and kinetic balance. Whether this facet joint disturbance could affect clinical and radiologic results is still unknown. The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical and radiologic outcomes of patients with facet joints disturbance induced by miniscrews in plated cervical laminoplasty.A total of 105 patients who underwent cervical laminoplasty with miniplate fixation between May 2010 and February 2014 were comprised. Postoperative CT images were used to identify whether facet joints destroyed by miniscrews. According to facet joints destroyed number, all the patients were divided into: group A (none facet joint destroyed), group B (1–2 facet joints destroyed), and group C (≥3 facet joints destroyed). Clinical data (JOA, VAS, and NDI scores), radiologic data (anteroposterior diameter and Palov ratio), and complications (axial symptoms and C5 palsy) were evaluated and compared among the groups.There were 38, 40, and 27 patients in group A, B, and C, respectively. The overall facet joints destroyed rate was 30.7%. All groups gained significant JOA and NDI scores improvement postoperatively. The preoperative JOA, VAS, NDI scores, and postoperative JOA scores did not differ significantly among the groups. The group C recorded significant higher postoperative VAS scores than group A (P = 0.002) and B (P = 0.014) and had significant higher postoperative NDI scores than group A (P = 0.002). The pre- and postoperative radiologic data were not significant different among the groups. The group C had a significant higher axial symptoms incidence than group A (12/27 vs 8/38, P = 0.041). Facet joints disturbance caused by miniscrews in plated cervical laminoplasty may not influence neurological recovery and spinal canal expansion, but may negatively affect postoperative axial symptoms.
Mechanical analysis of encapsulated metal interconnects under transversal load

Novel insights regarding the ability of encapsulated metal interconnections to deform due to bending are presented. Encapsulated metal interconnections are used as electric conductor or measurement system within a wide range of applications fields, e.g. biomedical, wearable, textile applications. Nevertheless the mechanical analysis remains limited to reliability investigation of these configurations while deformability is as important for application fields where, so-called disappearing electronics is the main purpose. An analysis based on the work needed to bend interconnections to a certain curvature will be used to compare different interconnection configurations with each other. The experimental as well as the simulation setup is based on PDMS encapsulated PI-enhanced Cu tracks. The results and conclusions are specific for this type of interconnections, but can be extended to a global conclusion about stretchable interconnections. From the obtained insights it is proven that periodically meander-shaped interconnections need significant less work, up to more than 10 times less, to bend the interconnection to the same curvature compared to straight interconnection lines. Furthermore, the bendability of the straight interconnection lines is determined by the shape of the interconnection, where for meandered tracks the encapsulation will determine this factor, for an encapsulation thickness of maximum 1 mm. It shows out, for the meander-shaped interconnection, that per increase of 250μm encapsulation thickness the work raises with a factor 2. For straight interconnection lines the work in function of the encapsulation thickness is limited to 20%/250μm. For encapsulations > 1mm, the encapsulation thickness will become the predominant factor which determines the deformability for both interconnection shapes.
Amplifying Security for Cipher-Text Policy Attribute-Based Data sharing

Several data hiding techniques have been freshly figure out as they could help to manipulate as part of the security benefits. The randomization is expected to increase the security of the system and also increase the capacity. Concern to data security also arises. One of the most auspicious cryptographic solutions to this issue is Cipher text policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE). Ciphertext policy attribute based encryption is an approach in which a user with a enigmatical key (containing attributes) is able to decrypt a message only if the attributes in the policy meet those defined in the secret key.CP-ABE is used to control outsourced data sharing, it confronts two obstacles. Key generation is one of the main factors in datasharing.In key generation the major drawback which is called as the key escrow problem and in my proposed system it is overcome by twin calculation protocol between the key generation center and the data storing center. In proposed system by applying encryption in the data sharing system introduces another challenge with regard to the user revocation and it is resolving using also resolving the issue of revocation using technique Alternate dynamic revocation of cipher policy attribute based encryption mechanism. It is possible to remove access from a user without issuing new keys to other users or re-encrypting existing cipher texts. In this proposed system individually make a motion to newer approach to add, update, modify or delete the value of peculiar attribute freely without knowledge of other attribute.
Diagnosis and subtyping of depressive disorders by quantitative electroencephalography: II. Interhemispheric measures are abnormal in major depressives and frequency analysis may discriminate certain subtypes.

: Seventy-six inpatient RDC major depressives (51 primary and 25 secondary), drug free for at least ten days, and 93 normals were examined by quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG). Multivariate analyses of variance were performed on several diagnostic subgroups using QEEG variables identified in an earlier study as discriminators. Decreased interhemispheric coherence in the delta and/or theta frequency bands was present to a statistically significant degree in depressed subjects. Secondary major depressives showed a lesser decrease than did primary major depressives in both anterior and posterior brain regions. Depression secondary to organic brain syndrome was distinguished from other secondary depressions by the presence of significant slow wave excess in the former only. The ability of beta activity to discriminate unipolar from bipolar major depression was confirmed.
Wii Remote-enhanced Hand-Computer interaction for 3D medical image analysis

In this paper, we introduce a low cost, not cumbersome, 3D user interface for exploring medical data. 3D imaging data can be manipulated in a semi-immersive virtual environment by means of an off-the-shelf wireless data glove equipped with additional infrared Light Emitting Diodes (LED). The LEDs are tracked by a Wii Remote, which is able to provide accurate positional information with no need for further six degrees of freedom position trackers. We also describe the interaction techniques we have designed specifically for a medical imaging scenario and provide some implementation details of the integration of the interface in an open-source image processing software for medical research.
Dataset and Evaluation of Interest Point Detectors for Visual Tracking

In this report, we present an extensive dataset of 96 video streams with ground truth. It includes various geometric changes, lighting conditions, and levels of motion blur, and can be used as testbed for a variety of algorithms in the context of visual tracking. We then use this dataset for a detailed quantitative evaluation of popular interest point detectors, which, in contrast to existing evaluations, is geared towards visual tracking in all relevant factors of the evaluation design.
The Properties of the X-Ray Holes in the Intracluster Medium of the Perseus Cluster

Abstract : High-resolution X-ray and low-frequency radio imaging now allow us to examine in detail the interaction and physical properties of the radio source 3C 84 and the surrounding thermal gas. The radiative and dynamical properties of the inner X-ray holes, which coincide with the radio lobes, indicate that the ratio of the energy factor k to the filling factor f is in the range 180 < k/f < 500. We define k to be the ratio of the total particle energy to that of the electrons radiating above a fiducial frequency of 10 MHz. The relativistic plasma and magnetic field are not in equipartition, since the field must be a factor of 4 or more lower than required for pressure balance. Unexpected steep-spectrum spurs in the low-frequency radio maps point to outer X-ray holes, which are plausibly buoyant old radio lobes. The evidence that the inner lobes are currently expanding subsonically, yet have not detached due to buoyancy, and the requirement that the synchrotron cooling time must exceed the age of the hole enable us to constrain the jet power of the nucleus to between 10(exp 44) and 10(exp 45) erg s (exp-1), depending on the filling factor of the relativistic plasma.
A wave based method for computing high-frequency radiation

The calculation of high-frequency wave radiations in exterior domains by finite element methods can lead to large computations. Boundary conditions have to be applied on the surface of the radiating body or on a truncated domain to approximate the behaviour of an infinite domain. In this paper, a different waveguide approach is proposed for computing wave radiation. Propagation constants and wave modes are computed in a small rib around the radiating body for different frequencies. It is shown that the solutions on the boundary of the radiating body and in the exterior domain can be determined efficiently from this set of waves. The method allows an efficient computation of radiation and scattering solutions by limiting the discretization to a very small part of the exterior domain. The error on the boundary condition can be controlled and the solution converges to the exact solution by using a sufficient number of waves. It is shown that the condition is more efficient for high frequencies and can be complementary of the usual approaches involving simple finite or boundary elements. Analytical and numerical examples are computed to show the accuracy of the method.
Bt Rice Expressing Cry2Aa Does Not Harm Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, a Main Predator of the Nontarget Herbivore Nilapavarta lugens

T2A-1 is a newly developed transgenic rice that expresses a synthesized cry2Aa gene driven by the maize ubiquitin promoter. T2A-1 exhibits high resistance against lepidopteran pests of rice. The brown planthopper, Nilapavarta lugens (Stål), is a main nontarget sap-sucking insect pest of rice, and Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Reuter) is the major predator of the eggs and young nymphs of planthoppers. As C. lividipennis may expose to the Cry2Aa protein via N. lugens, it is therefore essential to assess the potential effects of transgenic cry2Aa rice on this predator. In the present study, three experiments were conducted to evaluate the ecological risk of transgenic cry2Aa rice to C. lividipennis: (1) a direct feeding experiment in which C. lividipennis was fed an artificial diet containing Cry2Aa at the dose of 10-time higher than that it may encounter in the realistic field condition; (2) a tritrophic experiment in which the Cry2Aa protein was delivered to C. lividipennis indirectly through prey eggs or nymphs; (3) a realistic field experiment in which the population dynamics of C. lividipennis were investigated using vacuum-suction. Both direct exposure to elevated doses of the Cry2Aa protein and prey-mediated exposure to realistic doses of the protein did not result in significant detrimental effects on the development, survival, female ratio and body weight of C. lividipennis. No significant differences in population density and population dynamics were observed between C. lividipennis in transgenic cry2Aa and nontransgenic rice fields. It may be concluded that transgenic cry2Aa rice had no detrimental effects on C. lividipennis. This study represents the first report of an assessment continuum for the effects of transgenic cry2Aa rice on C. lividipennis.
Classification of home appliance by using Probabilistic KNN with sensor data

To date, many researchers have been conducted studies to control an electrical power to construct a smart home system which automatically manipulates individuals. One of the recent topics is NILM(Non-intrusive Load Monitoring) system to infer the devices states. In NILM, the approaches have been focused on dealing only with the feature of the electrical power signals to identify the states of the running devices. However, it is hard to classify all of devices with such traditional approaches. To solve and increase the accuracy, we propose a new method to infer the device states by electrical power signal from the home appliances and also sensor data including temperature and humidity. In this paper, we compare the performance among PKNN(Probabilistic K-Nearest Neighbor) and other algorithms. We apply the three methods in PKNN and analyze the comparison through AUC(Area Under the ROC). Finally, we can find the optimized parameters for accurate classification in each method.
Bayesian Analysis of Censored Data from Highly Fractionated Experiments Series Bayesian Analysis of 112212 Censorsed·data from Highly Fractioned Experiments Name Date Bayesian Analysis of Censored Data from Highly Fractionated Experiments

Life-testing of durable products results in censored data and this coupled with complexity of the experimental design introduces the estimability problem in the classical maximum likelihood estimation and model selection procedures. Existing methods are inadequate for analyzing such data from highly fractionated experiments because the best combination of factor levels is suggested wrongly and its prediction interval is too wide. We propose an iterative method which compares many models simultaneously and performs Bayesian model selection and parameter estimation. Marginal posterior distributions and high probability density intervals of model parameters and mean responses are derived. We demonstrate the procedure by reanalyzing data sets from Specht's (1985) heat exchanger experiments and show its superiority over some existing methods.
Miniaturized Arbitrary Phase-Difference Couplers for Arbitrary Coupling Coefficients

In this paper, a planar miniaturized arbitrary phase-difference coupler with arbitrary coupling coefficients is proposed. The proposed coupler consists of three coupled-line sections which achieves a compact circuit layout in microstrip implementation. The circuit parameters of this novel coupler can be easily determined by the derived closed-form equations and the corresponding performance analysis in terms of the bandwidth and miniaturization requirement is provided. Two prototypes with this proposed structure, operating at 2 GHz, have been designed and implemented using microstrip technology. One has a 45° phase difference with - 3-dB coupling coefficient and the other demonstrates a 60° phase difference with - 4.77-dB coupling coefficient. In addition, over 20% fractional bandwidth, which is defined as 5° phase error and 0.5-dB magnitude imbalance, is obtained in both of the two prototypes.
Sensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance biosensor based on a photonic crystal and bimetallic configuration

In this paper, we present and numerically demonstrate a highly sensitive photonic crystal (PC) Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor. This proposed sensor consists of an Ag-Au bimetallic configuration that integrates the better evanescent field enhancement of silver, the higher resolution in the reflectivity minimum of silver, and the high chemical of gold. In comparison to most convenient SPR sensors which use single gold films, this PC-bimetallic configuration is shown theoretically to possess a narrower resonance width, smaller minimum reflectance and higher sensitivity, which makes it a much better choice to be employed for SPR biosensing applications.
A note on the complex semi‐definite matrix Procrustes problem

This note outlines an algorithm for solving the complex ‘matrix Procrustes problem’. This is a least‐squares approximation over the cone of positive semi‐definite Hermitian matrices, which has a number of applications in the areas of Optimization, Signal Processing and Control. The work generalizes the method of Allwright (SIAM J. Control Optim. 1988; 26(3):537–556), who obtained a numerical solution to the real‐valued version of the problem. It is shown that, subject to an appropriate rank assumption, the complex problem can be formulated in a real setting using a matrix‐dilation technique, for which the method of Allwright is applicable. However, this transformation results in an over‐parametrization of the problem and, therefore, convergence to the optimal solution is slow. Here, an alternative algorithm is developed for solving the complex problem, which exploits fully the special structure of the dilated matrix. The advantages of the modified algorithm are demonstrated via a numerical example. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An overview of social semantic web framework

Social Web is growing enormously as it made easy for people to publish online. Published information should be semantically annotated and structured so as to be useful for information sharing. Semantic Web annotates data syntactically as well as semantically thus making it in machine understandable format. So, these two aspects can be aggregated to form social semantic web. This paper proposed social semantic Web framework and analyzed major components of social Web layer, various Web data extraction methodologies and Web information processing layer.
Non-linear stochastic galaxy biasing in cosmological simulations

We study the biasing relation between dark matter haloes or galaxies and the underlying mass distribution, using cosmological N-body simulations in which galaxies are modelled via semi-analytic recipes. The non-linear, stochastic biasing is quantified in terms of the mean biasing function and the scatter about it as a function of time, scale and object properties. The biasing of galaxies and haloes shows a general similarity and a characteristic shape, with no galaxies in deep voids and a steep slope in moderately underdense regions. At a comoving scale of ∼8 h−1 Mpc, the non-linearity in the biasing relation is typically ≲10 per cent and the stochasticity is a few tens of per cent, corresponding to ∼30 per cent variations in the cosmological parameter Biasing depends weakly on halo mass, galaxy luminosity, and scale. The observed trend with luminosity is reproduced when dust extinction is included. The time evolution is rapid, with the mean biasing larger by a factor of a few at compared with and with a minimum for the non-linearity and stochasticity at an intermediate redshift. Biasing today is a weak function of the cosmological model, reflecting the weak dependence on the power-spectrum shape, but the time evolution is more cosmology-dependent, reflecting the effect of the growth rate. We provide predictions for the relative biasing of galaxies of different type and colour, to be compared with upcoming large redshift surveys. Analytic models in which the number of objects is conserved underestimate the evolution of biasing, while models that explicitly account for merging provide a good description of the biasing of haloes and its evolution, suggesting that merging is a crucial element in the evolution of biasing.
Saliency-seeded region merging: Automatic object segmentation

Interactive object segmentation is an active research area in recent decades. The common practice is to leave interactions to be set manually by users in advance. Often times, to get good interactions, one has to struggle with laborious local editing for re-correcting. Given the larger and larger databases occurred nowadays, it is impractical for one to draw manual interactions for each image. In this paper, we are to build a saliency-seeded mechanism to automatically capture good prior interactions. Our motivation is simple: the pixels that have different cues but from the same object are often good candidates for prior interactions, and those pixels at the same time are always with higher salience attracting human attentions. Adopting a newly-proposed idea, i.e., maximal similarity based region merging, we further develop a framework of saliency-seeded region merging for ‘automatic’ interactive segmentation. Extensive experiments and comparisons are conducted on a wide variety of natural images. Results show that our framework can reliably segment many objects out from their surrounding backgrounds.