Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Layers and internal waves in uniformly stratified fluids stirred by vertical grids

Laboratory experiments in which uniformly stratified fluids are stirred by horizontally moving vertical grids, or arrays of vertical rods, are reviewed to examine their consistency and to compare their findings, particularly those relating to the generation of layers. Selected experiments are of three types, those in which (a) turbulence spreads from a horizontally confined region where it is continuously generated by an oscillating grid; (b) grid stirring is maintained throughout a rectangular tank; or (c) a ‘cloud’ of turbulence decays after a short period of horizontally localized grid mixing. In all the experiments turbulence is generated over the full vertical extent of the tank. In the experiments of types (a) and (c) layers of comparable scale are observed to intrude into the ambient fluid from the turbulent region. In the type (b) experiments, layers form only when the time interval between the passage of the grid through the stratified fluid is sufficiently long, allowing turbulence to decay substantially between grid strokes. Two mechanisms are found to be dominant in the production of layers. In experiments of type (a) and (c) overturning eddies in the turbulent region of scale significantly larger than the Ozmidov length scale collapse and spread, intruding and forming layers in the adjoining laminar region. Internal shear waves propagating ahead of the intrusions have a vertical wavelength that is approximately twice the layer height. In type (b) experiments, layers are formed through a process described by Holford & Linden (Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, vol. 30, 1999a, pp. 173–198): the bending of vortices shed by the grid bars. The height of the layers is approximately half the vertical wavelength of internal shear waves that travel at the speed of the grid. It is proposed that the flow field of the shear waves bends the vortices, resulting in diapycnal mixing that forms the layers. The relationship of layers and internal shear waves in the experiments is therefore as follows: in type (a) and (c) experiments internal waves are generated by layers intruding from the turbulent region into the quiescent stratified region, but in experiments of type (b) internal waves drive and dictate the height of the layers; layers are generated as a consequence of vortex bending by internal waves. There is insufficient evidence to establish whether zigzag instability, either of vortex pairs or of vortex streets shed by a moving grid, accounts for the layers in any of the three types of grid experiments. The Phillips and Posmentier instability may reinforce layers formed by other processes. The generation of pancake vortices or vortical mode motion is left for later review.
Examining the Levels of Depression among University Students during the Final Assignment

Depression is a psychological condition characterized by a persistent feeling of sadness, hopelessness, emptiness, and despair, which affects an individual's emotional state, thoughts, and behavior. This research aims to determine the extent of depression experienced by students during the post-pandemic while completing their final assignments. The study utilizes a Mixed Method Research (MMR) approach with a Sequential Explanatory design that combines qualitative and quantitative methods. The research participants consist of 200 students from the 2019 class at the State Islamic University of North Sumatra. The research was conducted from February 1-20, 2023, and followed up with interviews from February 21-23, 2023. The results reveal that male students experience a higher level of depression than female students. The faculty with the highest number of depressed students is the Faculty of Da'wah and Communication, with 76 students (38%), although the statistical significance is not established. The majority of the students (31.5%) experience moderate depression. The research identifies various factors that contribute to depression, including parental expectations, difficulty in understanding the research materials, lack of references, difficulty in meeting with lecturers, repeating research, financial constraints, loss, and laziness among students.
BOND GEOMETRY AND PHASE TRANSITION MECHANISM OF H-BONDED FERROELECTRICS

Taking into account the bilinear coupling between the tunneling protons and the displacements the electron shells of the surrounding PO 4 groups, we present a new model of hydrogen-bonded ferroelectrics. The model is an extension of both the tunneling model and the nonlinear polarizability mod and includes the geometrical aspects of the hydrogen bond. It leads to a structural phase trans and describes the isotope effect due to the substitution H yD in KH2PO4 and the pressure dependence. [S0031-9007(98)05455-6]
Tailoring your bee sampling protocol: Comparing three methods reveals the best approaches to capturing bees

Bees are prolific, vital pollinators in agricultural and natural settings, but some taxa are declining. Surveying bees is crucial to understand the needs of these taxa; however, we lack a fine‐grained understanding of assemblages associated with different sampling methods that would enable us to analyse data range‐wide. Here we examine the difference in abundance and richness of bees (bee bowls and vane traps only) and bumble bees (genus Bombus; bee bowls, blue vane traps and target netting) sampled with these methods from mixed‐grass prairie to alpine habitats in Wyoming, USA. We collected four times more bees and twice as many genera of bees in vane traps than bee bowls. Vane traps captured more individuals of abundant genera than bee bowls. Bombus species abundance did not vary between vane traps and target netting; however, richness was higher in vane traps. Bee bowls captured few Bombus species. Overall, we recommend using vane traps to sample most bees, and a combination of vane traps and target netting to collect bumble bees. We evaluated how three sampling techniques perform when surveying for wild bees, which will aid in identifying declining species as well as monitoring species of conservation concern.
“Shiny Happy People Laughing”: The Protest Paradigm, WUNC, and the Visual Framing of Political Activism

Media coverage of protest, particularly its visual framing, is crucial to the legitimacy and impact of protest movements. Typical patterns in media coverage of protests, which account for discrepancies between how protests are portrayed, are the protest paradigm and WUNC (worthy, united, numbers, commitment). In order to investigate how specific visual items and features of media images showing political protest elicit positive or negative perceptions and annotations by an audience, we study two questions: Which visual features in media images of protest elicit positive or negative perceptions and annotations by an audience? How do these perceptions correspond with the protest paradigm and WUNC, respectively? We answer these questions by conducting a qualitative focus group study with students from a mid-size German university.
Asteroseismic analysis of solar-like star KIC 6225718: constraints on stellar parameters and core overshooting

We analyse five seasons of short-cadence data of a solar-type star of spectral type F: KIC 6225718 observed by Kepler. We obtain the power spectrum of this star by applying the Lomb– Scargle periodogram to the smoothed time series. By applying the autocorrelation technique to the power spectrum, we derive the large-frequency separation ν = 105.78 ± 0.65 μHz and the frequency of maximum power νmax = 2301 ± 21 μHz. We identify 33 p modes with angular degrees of l = 0–2 in the frequency range 1600–2800 μHz of the power spectrum with Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms. In order to determine the parameters of the star accurately, we construct a grid of stellar models with core overshooting using the Yale stellar evolution code and then perform preliminary seismological analysis. With both asteroseismic and non-asteroseismic constraints, the following range of stellar parameters is estimated: mass M = 1.10+0.04 −0.03 M , radius R = 1.22+0.01 −0.01 R and age t = 3.35+0.36 −0.75 Gyr for this star. In addition, we analyse the effects of overshooting on stellar interiors and find that the upper limit of the overshooting parameter αov is approximately 0.2 for this star.
Coupling coefficients for photonic crystal waveguides

Starting from Maxwell’s equations we derive a new orthogonality relation and a recirpocity theorem for photonic crystal waveguide modes. The orthogonality relation implies an integration over a plain nonparallel to the waveguide direction. This is in contrast to the common orthogonality relations where an integration over the whole photonic crystal is needed. By means of this new orthogonaly relation coupling coefficients between different photonic crystal waveguides as well as photonic crystal waveguides and conventional wavguides are deduced. The considerations are valid for 2D as well as 3D geometries. In the case of monomode waveguides simple quasi-analytical approximations for the reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained, which generalize the well known formulas for coupling between conventional waveguides. The reciprocity theorem can be used for the efficient simulation or even analytical description of photonic crystal waveguides in the presence of arbitrary perturbations. Depending on the kind of perturbation and the number of modes a set of strongly coupled discrete equations for the field amplitudes in the photonic crystal unit cells results. In the frame of this paper we study two problems by means of this theory. First we investigate the transission - reflection - problem of two consecutive photonic crystal waveguides analytically. Furthermore we study the influence of the dispersion of the dielectric function of the photonic crystal material on the band structure. Especially a polariton lead to strong deformation or even a splitting of the band structure close to an optical resonance.
Models and Techniques for Green High-Performance Computing

Modern high-performance computing (HPC) systems are power-limited. For instance, the U.S. Department of Energy has set a power envelope of 20MW for the exascale supercomputer expected to arrive in 2021-22. Achieving this target requires a 10.8-fold increase in performance over today’s fastest supercomputer with only a 1.3-fold increase in power consumption. As a consequence, the architecture of an HPC system is changing rapidly—e.g., via heterogeneity and hardware overprovisioning. In my thesis, I address (i) modeling, (ii) management, and (iii) evaluation challenges concerning power and energy in this changing landscape of HPC systems. In this extended abstract, I focus on my work on modeling data movement power over interconnect wires.
Design and synthesis of novel hexahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives as potential anticancer agents with antiangiogenic activity via VEGFR‐2 inhibition, and down‐regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

New thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) evaluated the synthesized novel compounds against a panel of 60 tumor cell lines for their antiproliferative activity. Compounds 6b, 6f, and 6g showed potent anticancer activity at 10 µM dose, with mean GI of 20.86%, 76.41%, and 31.49%, respectively. Compound 6f was selected for five‐dose concentrations evaluation. Compound 6f scored a submicromolar range of GI50 values against 10 cancer cell lines, indicating broad‐spectrum and potent antiproliferative activity. Compound 6f TGI values were recorded in the cytostatic range of 4.02–95.1 µM. In comparison to sorafenib, the tested compounds 6b, 6f, and 6g inhibited VEGFR‐2 with IC50 values of 0.290 ± 0.032, 0.066 ± 0.004, and 0.16 ± 0.006 µM, correspondingly. Compound 6f significantly reduced the total VEGFR‐2 expression and its phosphorylation. Additionally, 6f reduced the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR pathway proteins. Moreover, the migratory potential of HUVECs was significantly reduced, after 72 h of treatment with compound 6f, resulting in disrupted wound healing patterns which verified the angiogenesis suppression properties of compound 6f. Compound 6f increased the total apoptosis percentage by 21.27‐fold compared to sorafenib, which caused a 24.11‐fold increase in the total apoptosis percentage. This apoptotic activity was accompanied by a 7.81‐fold increase in the level of apoptotic caspase‐3. Furthermore, the cell cycle analysis revealed that the target derivative 6f reduced cellular proliferation and induced an arrest in HCT‐15 colon cancer cell cycle at the S phase. Molecular modeling was used to determine the binding profile and affinity of derivative 6f toward the VEGFR‐2 active site.
Comprehensive analysis of radiative cooling enabled thermoelectric energy harvesting

The market for Internet-of-things (IoT) with integrated wireless sensor networks is expanding at a rate never seen before. The thriving of IoT also brings an unprecedented demand for sustainable micro-Watt-scale power supplies. Radiative cooling (RC) can provide a continuous temperature difference which can be converted by a thermoelectric generator (TEG) into electrical power. This novel combination of RC with TEG expands the category of sustainable energy sources for energy harvesting. However, the further application of RC-TEG requires a holistic investigation of its RC-TEG performance which is dependent on many different parameters. Using 3D finite element method simulation, this works provides a comprehensive analysis of the concept of RC-TEG by investigating the impact of radiative cooler properties, TEG parameters, and environmental conditions, to provide a full picture of the performance of RC-TEG devices. The capability of RC-TEG to provide continuous power supply is tested using real-time environmental data from both Singapore and London on two different days of the year, demonstrating continuous power supply sufficient for a wide range of physical devices.
Energy-Efficient Utility Function-Based Channel Resource Allocation and Power Control for D2D Clusters With NOMA Enablement in Cellular Networks

Device-to-device(D2D) communication combined with non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) can further improve the quality of service for future communications systems and increase spectrum utilization and connection density in cellular networks. In this paper, an effective power allocation scheme is designed to optimize the performance of a D2D communication system based on NOMA for imperfect Successive Interference Cancellation(SIC) decoding. To solve the non-convexity of the problem due to integer constraints and coupling variables, an alternate optimization algorithm was designed to obtain the optimal solution of each subproblem by Lagrange duality analysis and the sub-gradient descent method. Finally, the numerical simulation results demonstrate the performance advantages of the proposed joint optimization algorithm for channel resource allocation and power control in energy efficiency.
Leaching potential assessment of atrazine and nitrate in sugarcane field, Suphan Buri Province

Atrazine is widely used as a herbicide to control annual broadleaf in agricultural area such as rice and sugarcane. It is considered as one of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Atrazine also affects liver, the central nervous system, immune system and cardiovascular function. The study area is sugarcane field in U-thong and Song Phi Nong district, Suphan Buri province. In this area, soil and groundwater samples were collected at eight different points distributed over the sugarcane area with different soil types. Batch adsorption experiment was carried out to evaluate the proper adsorption isotherm of each soil. Additionally, groundwater samples were analyzed for nitrate concentration. For the leaching potential assessment, AF/RF model was used because the model requires only basic parameters of the pesticide and soils. AF/RF model is tier-1 model using for defining pesticide leaching index for preliminary assessment in the area with the limited data availability. The result of batch sorption experiment indicated that soil samples were well fitted with Freundlich isotherm. Kf was found in the range of 0.284 to 0.822 L/Kg. Additionally, 1/n was reported in the ranged of 0.401 to 0.855. High nitrate concentration was also found in groundwater in the range of 3.25 to 71.11 mg/L. As a result from AF/RF model, most of the area was considered as high leaching potential for atrazine and nitrate in this study area. Moreover, there also were soil samples with low to moderate leaching potential due to the different soil types and sorption behaviors. The detected nitrate concentration conforms to the leaching potential of S1, S2, S4, S5 and S6. In the other words, the result of the leaching potential model showed 62.5% efficiency as a model performance.
Invariant Subspaces on Riemann Surfaces

In this paper we generalize to Riemann surfaces a theorem of Helson and Lowdenslager in (2) describing the closed subspaces of L 2(﹛|z| = 1﹜) that are invariant under multiplication by eiθ. Let R be a region on a Riemann surface with boundary Γ consisting of a finite number of disjoint simple closed analytic curves such that R ⋃ Γ is compact and R lies on one side of Γ. Let dμ be the harmonic measure on Γ with respect to a fixed point t0 on R. We shall consider the closed subspaces of L 2(Γ, dμ) that are invariant under multiplication by functions in A (R) = ﹛F|F continuous on , analytic on R}.
CRITERIA TO REPRESENT GROUPS IN THE PLANE WHEN THE GROUPING IS KNOWN

We are concerned with finding the orthogonal projection to the plane that best displays groups. There are three situations in which this question can emerge: when the groups are identified a priori; when the classes result from a cluster analysis; and when the parameters of the classes are estimated from a distribution mixture method. We propose a "maximin" projection where the minimum intermean distance is maximized over the different projections to the plane as the one that best displays all the groups, especially in the presence of groups with markedly different sizes; in the case of three groups it reduces to the plane defined by the canonical variables. We illustrate the method with one artificial and one real data set.
Body condition changes at sea: Onboard calculation and telemetry of body density in diving animals

The ability of marine mammals to accumulate sufficient lipid energy reserves is vital for mammals' survival and successful reproduction. However, long‐term monitoring of at‐sea changes in body condition, specifically lipid stores, has only been possible in elephant seals performing prolonged drift dives (low‐density lipids alter the rates of depth change while drifting). This approach has limited applicability to other species. Using hydrodynamic performance analysis during transit glides, we developed and validated a novel satellite‐linked data logger that calculates real‐time changes in body density (∝lipid stores). As gliding is ubiquitous amongst divers, the system can assess body condition in a broad array of diving animals. The tag processes high sampling rate depth and three‐axis acceleration data to identify 5 s high pitch angle glide segments at depths >100 m. Body density is estimated for each glide using gliding speed and pitch to quantify drag versus buoyancy forces acting on the gliding animal. We used tag data from 24 elephant seals (Mirounga spp.) to validate the onboard calculation of body density relative to drift rate. The new tags relayed body density estimates over 200 days and documented lipid store accumulation during migration with good correspondence between changes in body density and drift rate. Our study provided updated drag coefficient values for gliding (Cd,f = 0.03) and drifting (Cd,s = 0.12) elephant seals, both substantially lower than previous estimates. We also demonstrated post‐hoc estimation of the gliding drag coefficient and body density using transmitted data, which is especially useful when drag parameters cannot be estimated with sufficient accuracy before tag deployment. Our method has the potential to advance the field of marine biology by switching the research paradigm from indirectly inferring animal body condition from foraging effort to directly measuring changes in body condition relative to foraging effort, habitat, ecological factors and anthropogenic stressors in the changing oceans. Expanding the method to account for diving air volumes will expand the system's applicability to shallower‐diving (<100 m) species, facilitating real‐time monitoring of body condition in a broad range of breath‐hold divers.
Effects of Different Forms of Sensorimotor Training on Postural Control and Functional Status in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain

The aim of this study was to compare three sensorimotor training forms in patients with chronic low back pain to determine their effects on the reduction of pain-related impairment and changes in posturography. Over two weeks, during the multimodal pain therapy (MMPT) period, six sessions of sensorimotor physiotherapy or training in the Galileo® or Posturomed® (n = 25 per group) were performed. A significant reduction in pain-related impairment after the intervention phase was shown across all groups (time effect: p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.415). There was no change in postural stability (time effect: p = 0.666; ηp2 = 0.003), but there was a significant improvement in the peripheral vestibular system (time effect: p = 0.014; ηp2 = 0.081). An interaction effect was calculated for the forefoot-hindfoot ratio (p = 0.014; ηp2 = 0.111). Only the Posturomed® group showed an improvement in anterior-posterior weight distribution (heel load: 47% vs. 49%). These findings suggest that these forms of sensorimotor training in the context of MMPT are suitable for reducing pain-related impairment. Posturography demonstrated stimulation of a subsystem, but no improvement in postural stability.
Adaptive Robust Unit Commitment of Combined-Cycle Gas-Turbine Considering Mode-Based Modeling of Carbon Capture Plant

The power sector bears significant responsibility for achieving carbon neutrality. Low-carbon, high-flexibility generation technologies are pivotal in the generation mix of the foreseeable future. In this paper, a mixed-integer operation model of combined-cycle gas-turbine generators is developed, featuring a new mode-based modeling of post-combustion carbon capture plants. The model is applied to a day-ahead adaptive robust unit commitment problem considering wind power uncertainties. Numerical results from a case study on a modified 39-bus benchmark system demonstrate the correctness and practicality of the model. Compared to the linear model widely adopted in the literature, the proposed mode-based model achieves a 4.91% wider operating range in the net electric power output. Besides, the initial solvent ratio is identified as a non-negligible parameter for the short-term operation of carbon capture plants, whose optimal setting leads to a wider operating range in the net electric power output of up to 21.96%.