Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DESICCATION STRESS CAUSES STRUCTURAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL ALTERATIONS IN THE AEROTERRESTRIAL GREEN ALGA KLEBSORMIDIUM CRENULATUM (KLEBSORMIDIOPHYCEAE, STREPTOPHYTA) ISOLATED FROM AN ALPINE SOIL CRUST 1

Klebsormidium crenulatum (Kütz.) Lokhorst (Klebsormidiophyceae, Streptophyta) isolated from an alpine soil in Tyrol, Austria, was experimentally exposed to desiccation under various relative air humidities (RH 5, 75, and >95%, ambient air 55%–60%). The effects on the structure and ultrastructure of K. crenulatum after 1, 4, or 7 d of desiccation at 5, 75, and >95% RH were investigated. The cross walls were deformed to an undulated shape, and the cell diameter was reduced to ∼60% of the control. Regardless of the RH applied, in all cases the cytoplasm appeared denser compared to that of liquid‐culture‐grown cells. Electron‐dense particles with diameters of 0.4 μm–0.8 μm were observed in the cytoplasm, likely representing lipid droplets. The chloroplasts of desiccated samples contained a large number of plastoglobules. The number and appearance of mitochondria were not visibly altered, as also verified by 3,3′ dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodine (DIOC6) staining. The amphiphilic styryl dye FM 1‐43 resulted in staining of the plasma membrane in cells from liquid culture. In 7 d desiccated samples, a marked fluorescence is seen in ∼40%–50% of the cells, which were dead. Actin microfilaments (MFs) were drastically disrupted after desiccation; only dotlike actin batches remained. These results demonstrate that flexibility of the cell walls and maintenance of the key organelles play a key role in the tolerance of desiccation stress in K. crenulatum.
Hepatic phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in primary biliary cirrhosis and its relation to prognostic models.

BACKGROUND: In vivo hepatic phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) provides biochemical information about phosphorus metabolism. AIM: To assess 31P MRS as a prognostic marker in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in relation to the current clinical prognostic models. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty three patients with PBC of varying functional severity and 16 matched healthy volunteers were studied using in vivo 31P MRS. Spectra were acquired using a 1.5 T spectroscopy system. Peak area ratios of phosphomonoesters (PME), inorganic phosphate (Pi), and phosphodiesters (PDE) and nucleotide triphosphate (NTP) were calculated. Pugh score, Christensen prognostic index, and R value according to the Mayo model were calculated from the clinical data. RESULTS: The PME/NTP, Pi/NTP, PME/PDE, and PME/Pi ratios and the PME signal height ratio (SHR) were significantly higher, while the PDE/NTP and PDE/SHR were significantly lower in PBC patients compared with healthy volunteers (p < 0.01). Significant correlations were seen between PME/Pi ratio and the prognostic index according to Christensen (r = 0.63, p < 0.001), R value according to the Mayo model (r = 0.45, p < 0.03), and with the Pugh score (r = 0.55, p < 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that PME/Pi ratio obtained from 31P MRS correlates well with all three of the commonly used models of prognosis in patients with PBC. A longitudinal study with larger number of patients is required to confirm these findings and elucidate the biochemical changes underlying this phenomenon.
THE JAVA MESSAGE SERVICE 1 . 0 . 2

The Java Message Service 1.0. 2 specification defines a platformand implementation independant system with which applications can communicate with each other in a standardized way. Communication can be done as either point to point messaging or broadcasting (multicasting, rather) and all communication is done asynchronously and using strong encryption. Applications for the JMS systems can be found in different fields of computer science, for example in e-business and other business applications such as Enterprise Resource Planning applications (ERP) and Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) solutions. The JMS specification is also an integral corner stone of other 'higher-level' Java specifications that rely on message based communication, one example being the J2EE Connector Architecture. This paper presents the JMS 1.0. 2 specification and it's features, as well as presents some examples of how the features can be utilized in real applications and solutions. The paper also presents the J2EE Connector Architecture 2.0 from JMS’ systems point of view.
Adaptive Stereo Video Object Segmentation Based on Depth and Spatio-temporal Information

In this paper, we present an adaptive stereo video object segmentation algorithm based on depth and spatio-temporal information. First, the object is extracted from the left channel with a new algorithm, which consists of three steps: depth segmentation, adaptive change detection based on twice frame-difference, and edge modification. Then, an inverse matching operation is proposed for object extraction from the right channel according to the extracted object in the left channel and disparity map. Finally experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm successfully extracts moving objects from various stereo video sequences, even if the objects hold still or move slowly in several frames, and this algorithm can solve the problem of extracting multiple objects overlapped.
Localization of human intestinal defensin 5 in Paneth cell granules

Antibiotic peptides of higher animals include the defensins, first discovered in phagocytic cells but recently also found to be produced by epithelial cells. We biosynthesized recombinant human intestinal defensin 5 (rHD-5) using the baculovirus-insect cell expression system. Since insect cells process defensin incompletely and secrete the precursor proHD-5, we substituted a methionine for an alanine at a likely processing site to allow selective chemical cleavage with cyanogen bromide, and rHD-5 was used to elicit polyclonal antibodies. By the immunoperoxidase-staining technique, the antibodies selectively stained Paneth cells of the normal adult small intestine. Immunogold electron microscopy further localized HD-5 to the Paneth cell secretory granules. Since some defensins exert activity cytotoxic to mammalian cells, we assayed the effect of rHD-5 on the human intestinal cell lines Caco2 and Int407. proHD-5 did not exert cytotoxic activity, and rHD-5 showed only minimal activity against Int407 and was inert against Caco2. Since Paneth cells release their granules adjacent to the mitotic cells of the intestinal crypts, HD could protect this cell population against invasion and parasitization by microbes.
Dissociable Effects of Reward on Attentional Learning: From Passive Associations to Active Monitoring

Visual selective attention (VSA) is the cognitive function that regulates ongoing processing of retinal input in order for selected representations to gain privileged access to perceptual awareness and guide behavior, facilitating analysis of currently relevant information while suppressing the less relevant input. Recent findings indicate that the deployment of VSA is shaped according to past outcomes. Targets whose selection has led to rewarding outcomes become relatively easier to select in the future, and distracters that have been ignored with higher gains are more easily discarded. Although outcomes (monetary rewards) were completely predetermined in our prior studies, participants were told that higher rewards would follow more efficient responses. In a new experiment we have eliminated the illusory link between performance and outcomes by informing subjects that rewards were randomly assigned. This trivial yet crucial manipulation led to strikingly different results. Items that were associated more frequently with higher gains became more difficult to ignore, regardless of the role (target or distracter) they played when differential rewards were delivered. Therefore, VSA is shaped by two distinct reward-related learning mechanisms: one requiring active monitoring of performance and outcome, and a second one detecting the sheer association between objects in the environment (whether attended or ignored) and the more-or-less rewarding events that accompany them.
The Psychology of Humor: An Integrative Approach

Preliminary TOC Chapter 1 Introduction to the Psychology of Humor Chapter 2 Theories and Early Research I: Psychoanalytic and Superiority Theories Chapter 3 Theories and Early Research II: Arousal, Incongruity, and Reversal Theories Chapter 4 The Cognitive Psychology of Humor Chapter 5 The Social Psychology of Humor Chapter 6 The Psychobiology of Humor and Laughter Chapter 7 Personality Approaches to Sense of Humor Chapter 8 The Developmental Psychology of Humor Chapter 9 Humor and Mental Health Chapter 10 Humor, Laughter, and Physical Health Chapter 11 Applications of Humor to Psychotherapy, Education, and the Workplace
Cytokine response after percutaneous coronary intervention in stable angina: effect of selective glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonism.

BACKGROUND It is unclear whether modulation of inflammatory markers by glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibition after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is caused by an interaction with the alpha(v)beta3 and alpha(M)beta2 receptor or it correlates with ischemic events during PCI. This study investigates the inflammatory profile after elective, nonacute PCI and whether and how administration of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist tirofiban modulates the postinterventional inflammatory myocardial response. METHODS The time course of inflammatory parameters (C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin-1 [IL-1], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha]) of patients receiving peri- and postinterventional placebo (n = 46) or tirofiban infusion (n = 50) was analyzed by use of enzyme-linked immuno assays. Samples were collected before and 30 minutes, 2.5 hours, 6.5 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours after elective PCI. RESULTS Among the inflammatory markers analyzed, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and CRP levels increased significantly. However, the latter markers followed individual time courses in patients given placebo and patients treated with tirofiban after PCI, compared with pre-PCI levels (P <.01), with no significant differences between the placebo and tirofiban-treated groups. However, by subgroup analysis, significant differences were revealed in TNF-alpha, IL-6, and CRP levels of patients who were troponin T-positive versus patients who were troponin T-negative after PCI. CONCLUSIONS The administration of the selective glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist tirofiban has no direct impact on the inflammatory profile after elective PCI. Change of the inflammatory profile was only related to the presence or absence of postinterventional troponin.
CMCGAN: A Uniform Framework for Cross-Modal Visual-Audio Mutual Generation

Visual and audio modalities are two symbiotic modalities underlying videos, which contain both common and complementary information. If they can be mined and fused sufficiently, performances of related video tasks can be significantly enhanced. However, due to the environmental interference or sensor fault, sometimes, only one modality exists while the other is abandoned or missing. By recovering the missing modality from the existing one based on the common information shared between them and the prior information of the specific modality, great bonus will be gained for various vision tasks. In this paper, we propose a Cross-Modal Cycle Generative Adversarial Network (CMCGAN) to handle cross-modal visual-audio mutual generation. Specifically, CMCGAN is composed of four kinds of subnetworks: audio-to-visual, visual-to-audio, audio-to-audio and visual-to-visual subnetworks respectively, which are organized in a cycle architecture. CMCGAN has several remarkable advantages. Firstly, CMCGAN unifies visual-audio mutual generation into a common framework by a joint corresponding adversarial loss. Secondly, through introducing a latent vector with Gaussian distribution, CMCGAN can handle dimension and structure asymmetry over visual and audio modalities effectively. Thirdly, CMCGAN can be trained end-to-end to achieve better convenience. Benefiting from CMCGAN, we develop a dynamic multimodal classification network to handle the modality missing problem. Abundant experiments have been conducted and validate that CMCGAN obtains the state-of-the-art cross-modal visual-audio generation results. Furthermore, it is shown that the generated modality achieves comparable effects with those of original modality, which demonstrates the effectiveness and advantages of our proposed method.
hnRNP A1: The Swiss Army Knife of Gene Expression

Eukaryotic cells express a large variety of RNA binding proteins (RBPs), with diverse affinities and specificities towards target RNAs. These proteins play a crucial role in almost every aspect of RNA biogenesis, expression and function. The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are a complex and diverse family of RNA binding proteins. hnRNPs display multiple functions in the processing of heterogeneous nuclear RNAs into mature messenger RNAs. hnRNP A1 is one of the most abundant and ubiquitously expressed members of this protein family. hnRNP A1 plays multiple roles in gene expression by regulating major steps in the processing of nascent RNA transcripts. The transcription, splicing, stability, export through nuclear pores and translation of cellular and viral transcripts are all mechanisms modulated by this protein. The diverse functions played by hnRNP A1 are not limited to mRNA biogenesis, but extend to the processing of microRNAs, telomere maintenance and the regulation of transcription factor activity. Genomic approaches have recently uncovered the extent of hnRNP A1 roles in the development and differentiation of living organisms. The aim of this review is to highlight recent developments in the study of this protein and to describe its functions in cellular and viral gene expression and its role in human pathologies.
Online Knapsack Problem Under Expected Capacity Constraint

Online knapsack problem is considered, where items arrive in a sequential fashion that have two attributes; value and weight. Each arriving item has to be accepted or rejected on its arrival irrevocably. The objective is to maximize the sum of the value of the accepted items such that the sum of their weights is below a budget/capacity. Conventionally a hard budget/capacity constraint is considered, for which variety of results are available. In modern applications, e.g., in wireless networks, data centres, cloud computing, etc., enforcing the capacity constraint in expectation is sufficient. With this motivation, we consider the knapsack problem with an expected capacity constraint. For the special case of knapsack problem, called the secretary problem, where the weight of each item is unity, we propose an algorithm whose probability of selecting any one of the optimal items is equal to $1 -1/e$ and provide a matching lower bound. For the general knapsack problem, we propose an algorithm whose competitive ratio is shown to be $1/4e$ that is significantly better than the best known competitive ratio of $1/10e$ for the knapsack problem with the hard capacity constraint.
Adulte Neurogenese und Schizophrenie – gibt es einen Zusammenhang?

Zusammenfassung Nachdem vor mehr als vierzig Jahren entdeckt wurde, dass im adulten Gehirn der Ratte neue Neurone gebildet werden, ist es mittlerweile gesichert, dass zeitlebens vorwiegend im Gyrus dentatus des Hippocampus und der Subventrikulärzellschicht funktionsfähige Neurone neu entstehen. Dieser Prozess wird üblicherweise als adulte Neurogenese (aN) bezeichnet und findet in allen bislang untersuchten Säugetierspezies statt – auch im Menschen. Welche Rolle die aN spielt, ist aber bis jetzt im Wesentlichen ungeklärt. Eine Vielzahl von tierexperimentellen Studien legt eine Beteiligung der aN in der Pathogenese affektiver Erkrankungen nahe, was jedoch in letzter Zeit zunehmend kontrovers diskutiert wird. So konnte in post-mortem-Studien am Menschen keine Reduktion der Stammzellproliferation bei depressiven Erkrankungen gefunden werden, überraschenderweise wohl aber bei schizophrenen Psychosen. Eine gestörte aN bei der Schizophrenie könnte eine fehlerhafte zeitliche Einordnung neuer Gedächtnisinhalte verursachen und somit zu den kognitiven Defiziten schizophrener Patienten beitragen; möglicherweise trägt dieser Prozess auch zur Bildung von Wahninhalten bei. Eine „Neurogenese-Hypothese der Schizophrenie” wird weiterhin durch bildgebende Verfahren und Befunde am Tiermodell unterstützt. Letztere umfassen genetisch veränderte Mäuse, wie zum Beispiel Reelin- oder NPAS3-Knockoutmäuse, bei denen sowohl schizophrenie-analoge Verhaltensweisen als auch eine Reduktion der aN beschrieben sind. Weitere Hinweise finden sich in genetischen Assoziationsstudien. Mehrere Gene, die die aN beeinflussen – unter anderem auch NPAS3 – sind auch mit schizophrenen Erkrankungen assoziiert. Diese Studien, die sich vollkommen verschiedener methodischer Ansätze bedienen, legen übereinstimmend eine Störung der aN bei schizophrenen Psychosen nahe.
Modified Padovan words and the maximum number of runs in a word

A run (or maximal periodicity) in a word is a periodic factor whose length is at least twice the period and which cannot be extended to the left or right without changing the period. Recently Kusano et al. [6] used a clever search technique to find run-rich words and were able to show that the number of runs in a word of length n can be greater than 0.94457564n. In this paper we use a two-stage process to construct words with a (very slightly) higher run density than theirs. We first produce ternary words which we call Modified Padovan words, then apply a morphism to these to produce run-rich binary words. The Modified Padovan words have interesting and surprising properties.
The Cardiac Tissue-Restricted Homeobox Protein Csx/Nkx2.5 Physically Associates with the Zinc Finger Protein GATA4 and Cooperatively Activates Atrial Natriuretic Factor Gene Expression

ABSTRACT Specification and differentiation of the cardiac muscle lineage appear to require a combinatorial network of many factors. The cardiac muscle-restricted homeobox protein Csx/Nkx2.5 (Csx) is expressed in the precardiac mesoderm as well as the embryonic and adult heart. Targeted disruption of Csx causes embryonic lethality due to abnormal heart morphogenesis. The zinc finger transcription factor GATA4 is also expressed in the heart and has been shown to be essential for heart tube formation. GATA4 is known to activate many cardiac tissue-restricted genes. In this study, we tested whether Csx and GATA4 physically associate and cooperatively activate transcription of a target gene. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that Csx and GATA4 associate intracellularly. Interestingly, in vitro protein-protein interaction studies indicate that helix III of the homeodomain of Csx is required to interact with GATA4 and that the carboxy-terminal zinc finger of GATA4 is necessary to associate with Csx. Both regions are known to directly contact the cognate DNA sequences. The promoter-enhancer region of the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) contains several putative Csx binding sites and consensus GATA4 binding sites. Transient-transfection assays indicate that Csx can activate ANF reporter gene expression to the same extent that GATA4 does in a DNA binding site-dependent manner. Coexpression of Csx and GATA4 synergistically activates ANF reporter gene expression. Mutational analyses suggest that this synergy requires both factors to fully retain their transcriptional activities, including the cofactor binding activity. These results demonstrate the first example of homeoprotein and zinc finger protein interaction in vertebrates to cooperatively regulate target gene expression. Such synergistic interaction among tissue-restricted transcription factors may be an important mechanism to reinforce tissue-specific developmental pathways.
1.4.3 System of Systems Pain Points

The INCOSE SoS Working Group (SoSWG) identified the need to understand the SoS issues of importance to the systems engineering community as an initial SoSWG activity at their meeting in January 2012 in Jacksonville, Florida. The results of the survey and follow‐up interaction with SoSWG members, identified seven areas of challenge or SoS Pain Points. This paper summarizes the survey and working group feedback and describes the pain points along with the questions they pose for the systems engineering community. The work described in this paper is the product of the INCOSE Systems of Systems Working Group, and acknowledges the contributions of working group members, including Alan Harding, Scott Workinger, Kelly Griendling, Eric Honour, Claire Ingram, Michael Henshaw, Bryan Herdlick, and others who responded to the survey and participated in the formulation and discussions of these SoS pain points.
IMPORTANCIA DEL AUTOCONTROL EN LAS CLASES DE EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA: UNA PERSPECTIVA DESDE LA TEORÍA DE AUTODETERMINACIÓN

El contexto de la Educacion Fisica (EF) se considera un escenario ideal para el desarrollo de valores como el esfuerzo, la superacion, la cooperacion, la tolerancia o el autocontrol (Escarti, Gutierrez, & Pascual, 2011). Estas consecuencias positivas de un contexto han sido ampliamente estudiada desde la Teoria de la Autodeterminacion (SDT: Deci & Ryan, 2000; Ryan & Deci, 2000), la cual demuestra que la motivacion es un continuo que oscila desde la motivacion intrinseca hasta las desmotivacion. Ademas, la TAD defiende que para presentar conductas involuntarias, existen tres Necesidades Psicologicas Basicas (NPB: Deci & Ryan, 2000) esenciales que han de estar satisfechas para guiar al sujeto hacia estados de bienestar y calidad de vida (Ryan & Deci, 2000), denominadas: autonomia, competencia y relaciones sociales. Asi, el profesor de EF adquiere un papel fundamental pudiendo adoptar estilos metodologicos que apoyen estas necesidades o decantarse por estilos de ensenanza mas controladores que conlleven a la frustracion de las NPB. Por ello, el objetivo principal de este estudio era comprobar la posibilidad predictiva que la percepcion de apoyo por parte del profesor a las NPB, el grado de satisfaccion de las NPB y el tipo de motivacion podia tener sobre el autocontrol de los alumnos.
Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6 in Chinese mainland.

OBJECTIVE To observe the significant differences in the frequencies of the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) alleles in Chinese popoulations. METHODS Tetra-primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR), allele specific amplification (ASA) PCR and multiplex long PCR were developed to detect the CYP2D6 alleles * 2, * 3, * 4, * 5, * 6, * 8, * 10 and * 14 in 223 subjects from Chinese mainland. RESULTS The CYP2D6 * 5 allele was the most frequent poor metabolizer (PM) allele in Chinese (7.2%), followed by CYP2D6 * 14 (2.0%) which was only detected in orientals. There was only 0.2% CYP2D6 * 4, and no CYP2D6 * 3, * 6 and * 8 were detected. In contrast to the Caucasians, the most frequent allele in Chinese was the * 10 allele with a frequency of 51.6%. CONCLUSION The frequencies of PM alleles, CYP2D6 * 5 and CYP2D6 * 14, were higher; but the frequency of CYP2D6 * 10 was lower in mainland Chinese population than that in other orientals.