Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radioactive decay of GRB-SNe at late-times

Abstract We present the late-time Hubble Space Telescope observations of two Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) associated supernovae (SNe), GRB 030329/SN 2003dh and XRF 060218/SN 2006aj. Using the multi-color data up to ~320 days after the burst, we constrain the late-time decay nature of these SNe. The decay rates of SN 2003dh are steeper than SN 2006aj. A comparison with two other GRB SNe, GRB 980425/SN 1998bw and the SN associated with XRF 020903, shows that the decay rates of SN 2003dh are similar to XRF 020903 and those of SN 2006aj are similar to SN 1998bw. The late-time decay rates are steeper than the 56Co→56Fe radioactive decay rate indicating that there is some leakage of gamma-rays. We also compare the late-time decay rates of nine type Ic SNe, including the SNe of long GRBs, Ic broad lined and normal Ics. The decay rates of the SNe sample show a remarkable similarity in I band at late-times with a scatter of ~10%.
Toxic Relationship in Emerging Adulthood

This study aims to explore the primary concerns of emerging adulthood in Bandung, Indonesia, and the psychological dynamics that occur in their lives during this stage. Using a three-phase approach, a survey was conducted among 1034 participants (mean age = 20.4) to identify their current concerns. A grounded approach was employed in the second phase to determine the recurring themes of concern. The findings indicate that the primary concern of emerging adults is related to potentially toxic romantic relationships. To gain a deeper understanding of the psychological dynamics associated with these relationships, in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 emerging adults who had experienced toxic relationships. The results revealed five critical areas within toxic relationships, including: 1) reasons for initiating the relationship; 2) the "something is wrong" phase; 3) adverse outcomes of the relationship; 4) strategies for ending the relationship; and 5) expectations that emerge and develop as the relationship ends. In conclusion, this study provides insights into the primary concerns of emerging adulthood regarding toxic romantic relationships. The findings have important implications for the development of interventions and more effective approaches to help emerging adults manage their romantic relationships.
Field theory for recurrent mobility

Faculty of Physics IFISC-CSIC Master in Physics of Complex Systems Field theory for recurrent mobility by Álex Molas Martín In the field of geography of mobility exist two main modeling frameworks: radiation and gravity. In the last years, there has been an open discussion about the which of these models produce better results for each type of mobility: from commuting to migration. Here we introduce a new perspective translating the problem into a field theory formalism. One of the two models, gravity, fulfils the conditions of having a null rotational (it can be derived from a potential) and the Gauss theorem holds. Our results show that empirical commuting data support these features. Furthermore, the analysis of the potential provides a method to find centers of mobility.
Edge Detection Based on Receptive Field

This paper proposes an edge detector based on receptive fields of retinal ganglion cells, using a convolution mask with variable weights. The edge detector proposed is fast, simple and not sensitive to edge orientation, the edges are detected in only one step and can be used mask of variable dimensions. The paper describes how to edge detector was made and shown results from its application.
The Photometric Evolution of the Classical Nova V723 Cassiopeia from 2006 through 2016

We present photometric data of the classical nova, V723 Cas (Nova Cas 1995), over a span of 10 years (2006 through 2016) taken with the 0.9 m telescope at Lowell Observatory, operated as the National Undergraduate Research Observatory (NURO) on Anderson Mesa near Flagstaff, Arizona. A photometric analysis of the data produced light curves in the optical bands (Bessel B, V, and R filters). The data analyzed here reveal an asymmetric light curve (steep rise to maximum, followed by a slow decline to minimum), the overall structure of which exhibits pronounced evolution including a decrease in magnitude from year to year, at the rate of ∼0.15 mag yr−1. We model these data with an irradiated secondary and an accretion disk with a hot spot using the eclipsing binary modeling program Nightfall. We find that we can model reasonably well each season of observation by changing very few parameters. The longitude of the hot spot on the disk and the brightness of the irradiated spot on the companion are largely responsible for the majority of the observed changes in the light curve shape and amplitude until 2009. After that, a decrease in the temperature of the white dwarf is required to model the observed light curves. This is supported by Swift/X-Ray Telescope observations, which indicate that nuclear fusion has ceased, and that V723 Cas is no longer detectable in the X-ray.
Importance of spider prey for development of a specialized araneophagous predator (Araneae: Palpimanidae)

Abstract. Specialists possess specialized trophic adaptations. Spiders of the genus Palpimanus Dufour, 1820 are araneophagous spiders which also catch alternative prey. They have morphological, behavioral, and venomic adaptations tuned to higher efficacy in the capture and processing of other spiders. Here, we tested the hypothesis whether Palpimanus can develop on two prey types. We reared spiderlings of Palpimanus spp. on a diet composed of spiders and of insects, and recorded their performance. We found that Palpimanus exhibited significantly higher mortality on the insect diet. In fact, only spiderlings on the spider diet were able to develop. The developmental rate was slow, as one instar lasted on average more than 60 days. On the basis of this finding, we estimated that the life cycle is at least biennial. We conclude that Palpimanus spiders possess specialized prey-capture adaptations towards spider prey which prevent them to utilize alternative prey.
Super Resolution Reconstruction Model Based on Attention Mechanism and Generative Adversarial Network

The purpose of image super resolution reconstruction is to recover high frequency details from low resolution images containing little information, so as to improve the visual effect of images. Based on the traditional SRGAN algorithm, this paper by importing the residual network structure and combining the channel attention mechanism constructs the basic network module, and this method is named CA-SRGAN. The proposed CA-SRGAN replace the base block of SRGAN with a residual dense block based on the channel attention mechanism. Test in Set5, Set14 and BSD100 data sets, the results of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) of CA-SRGAN algorithm are better than those of the traditional SRGAN algorithm, and the details of the reconstructed image are clearer. The whole show better robustness and comprehensive performance.
Community Empowerment Assessment and Community Nursing Diagnosis for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in the Northern Region of the Portuguese Atlantic Coast: A Mixed-Methods Study Using MAIEC Framework

The Community Intervention and Empowerment Assessment Model (MAIEC) offers a framework for community empowerment in several fields such as Climate Change (CC), the largest health emergency crisis globally, through diagnosis and interventions in Community Health Nursing. This study aims to assess the level of community empowerment in climate change mitigation and adaptation, and to identify nursing diagnosis through the MAIEC clinical decision matrix, within a local intermunicipal association in the northern region of the Portuguese Atlantic Coast. A convergent mixed-methods design was used, applying a focus group technique to a purposive sampling of ten key stakeholders of this community. A Portuguese version of the Empowerment Assessment Rating Scale and a questionnaire were both applied to the same participants, and qualitative and quantitative data generated were analysed using a content analysis technique and an Excel database sheet created using Microsoft Office 365. The analysis of the Portuguese northern community exposed: a low level of community empowerment for mitigation and adaptation to climate change; a nursing diagnosis of community management impairments in several dimensions, such as community process, community participation and community leadership. However, the study confirmed that MAIEC contributed to future community-based solutions, responding to the challenges of climate change, and enabling the planning of interventions to address MAIEC diagnoses in the form of CC-specific training and recommendations for new cooperation approaches from all stakeholders. This study was not registered.
NanoSQUIDs based on niobium nitride films

We present an experimental investigation of nanoSQUIDs based on niobium nitride films. Niobium nitride has a relatively high critical temperature and a large upper critical magnetic field, making it a good material for superconducting electronics working in high magnetic field. We have fabricated nanoSQUIDs using electron beam lithography lift-off technique and deposition of niobium nitride films by magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The characterization of nanoSQUIDs was performed at 4.2 K and it consists mainly of current–voltage (IV) characteristics and critical current as a function of external magnetic field (magnetic pattern). The fabricated nanoSQUIDs show a hysteretic IV characteristic and they present a multi-values magnetic pattern. We show that by reducing the critical current by ion etching it is possible to obtain nanoSQUIDs with a single value magnetic pattern suitable for magnetic particle measurements. Magnetic noise analysis has been performed and a white noise of 0.3 μΦ0 Hz−1/2 has been estimated.
Modeling of Induction in Integrated Power-Gas Systems Due to Geomagnetic Disturbances

Rigorous evaluation of geomagnetic induction in the integrated power-gas systems (IPGSs) is critical for the risk assessment of geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs). Existing geomagnetic induction models are developed individually for the power grids or pipeline networks. This paper proposes a nodal voltage analysis method for the geomagnetic induction modeling in the IPGS considering the interaction between the power grids and pipelines. The conductive coupling of grounded nodes in the IPGS, including substation grounding grids and buried pipelines, is modeled with the ground transfer resistance. Several IPGS test cases are used to illustrate the impacts of the interaction on the induced voltages and currents. The influences of spatial patterns and resistance parameters of IPGS as well as earth resistivity structures on the interaction are discussed.
Human Fecal Carriage of Streptococcus agalactiae Sequence Type 283, Thailand

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus) sequence type 283 bacteremia, found almost exclusively in Southeast Asia, is associated with consuming raw freshwater fish, but some patients deny consumption. We detected fecal carriage in 5/184 (2.7%) persons in northeast Thailand. Human carriers might contribute to transmission or be the original source of this sequence type.
Modeling and System-Level Performance Evaluation of Sub-Band Full Duplexing for 5G-Advanced

This article presents sub-band full duplex (SBFD) as a duplexing scheme to improve the uplink (UL) throughput in 5G–Advanced networks, as an alternative to traditional time-division duplexing (TDD). SBFD provides opportunities to transmit and receive simultaneously on non-overlapping frequency resources. To accomplish this, SBFD time slots include both UL and downlink (DL) transmission. This leads to UL transmission being more expanded in the time domain rather than the frequency domain, which allows to increase the amount of UL transmission opportunities, as compared to TDD where the majority of time slots are used for DL. Concurrent UL and DL transmission create different types of interference, which makes cancellation approaches essential for appropriate performance. The SBFD interference types, including self-interference as the main challenge of SBFD deployment, are outlined and corresponding analytical models are proposed to provide a realistic evaluation of SBFD performance. System-level simulations with different load conditions in a high-power urban macro environment are used to evaluate the SBFD performance in comparison with TDD as the baseline. The results indicate a four times increase in the UL throughput for cell-edge users as well as 32% and 6% increase in average UL throughput, at low and medium loads, respectively. Furthermore, simulation results determine that at least 149 dB of self-interference mitigation is required for acceptable performance in SBFD. Results also show that SBFD benefits are limited by inter-site gNB-to-gNB interference.
Methods to investigate the temperature distribution of heated ceramic gas sensors for high-temperature applications

Abstract. The temperature-dependent properties of sensor films for measuring the concentration of various gas components affect, to a large extent, the sensor characteristics of planar gas sensors. Therefore, it is important to know the temperature distribution of the gas-sensitive films of such sensors precisely. Using screen-printed thermocouples and a thermal-imaging camera, two principles for determining the temperature profile of gas sensors inside of a protection cap are shown and compared in this study. The data agree well, and the results can be used in future to determine the influences of varying flow and temperature conditions on the temperature profile of a sensor and to reduce such effects by adapting the periphery, e.g., by designing appropriate protection caps.
Nanosystems in Cardiovascular Medicine: Advancements, Applications, and Future Perspectives

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite significant advancements in the development of pharmacological therapies, the challenges of targeted drug delivery to the cardiovascular system persist. Innovative drug-delivery systems have been developed to address these challenges and improve therapeutic outcomes in CVDs. This comprehensive review examines various drug delivery strategies and their efficacy in addressing CVDs. Polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, microparticles, and dendrimers are among the drug-delivery systems investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. Specific strategies for targeted drug delivery, such as magnetic nanoparticles and porous stent surfaces, are also discussed. This review highlights the potential of innovative drug-delivery systems as effective strategies for the treatment of CVDs.
Exact solutions for elastic response in micro- and nano-beams considering strain gradient elasticity

This paper presents the exact solutions derived for the static bending response of simply supported isotropic micro- and nano-beams. The governing differential equations of equilibrium and the associated boundary conditions for the beam are derived by applying the variational principle over the internal energy functional involving strain and strain gradient terms. The Mindlin’s Form II model for higher order metrics of energy involving strain gradient terms and three additional material length constants has been used for the current formulation. Constitutive relations for stress and the higher order stress in an isotropic solid, which are the conjugates of strain and strain gradient, respectively, are provided in this paper. The exact solutions for the displacement vector are obtained by solving the governing differential equations. The significance of the gradients and the corresponding conjugates are studied using numerical examples of micro- and nano-beams. These results are compared with those obtained from the classical model of elasticity for structures which does not involve strain gradients. Due to the consideration of strain gradients, the structures exhibit a significant increase in stiffness as the beam dimensions are reduced. The profiles for stress developed across the thickness are presented to study the change in the behavior of the structures at a micro- and nano-level. The importance of considering strain gradients for the design of low-dimensional structures in sensitive applications is noted. The exact solutions developed in this paper can be used as benchmark solutions for validating further research on the behavior of low-dimensional bodies using computational models and experiments. The present study calls for the development of new failure theory of isotropic materials possessing strain gradients.
An Efficient Computing of Correlated Equilibrium for Cooperative $Q$ -Learning-Based Multi-Robot Planning

Traditional multi-agent <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Q}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-learning (MAQL) induced planning needs to evaluate computationally expensive Nash/correlated equilibrium (CE) at a given joint state during both learning and planning phases. This paper introduces a novel approach to adapt composite rewards of all the agents in one <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Q}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-table in joint state-action space during learning, and uses these rewards to compute CE in an efficient way during the planning phases. Two schemes of MAQL have been proposed. If mutual cooperation among the agents leads to success of at least one agent and is enough to make the team successful, then scheme-I is employed. However, if an agent’s success is contingent upon other agents’ mutual cooperation as well as simultaneous success of the agents is mandatory then scheme-II is employed. New algorithms for multi-agent learning/planning have been proposed, centering on the said schemes. It is shown that the equilibrium obtained by the proposed algorithms and the traditional correlated <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Q}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-learning are identical. In order to restrict the exploration within the feasible joint states, constraint versions of the said algorithms are also proposed. An analysis is included to demonstrate the significant saving of computational time and space by the proposed algorithms. In addition, convergence analysis of the proposed algorithms is done. Experiments have been undertaken to validate the performance of the proposed algorithms in multi-robot planning on both simulated and real platforms.
Structure and electronic states of vicinal Ag(111) surfaces with densely kinked steps

Vicinal surfaces exhibiting arrays of atomic steps are frequently investigated due to their diverse physical-chemical properties and their use as growth templates. However, surfaces featuring steps with a large number of low-coordinated kink-atoms have been widely ignored, despite their higher potential for chemistry and catalysis. Here, the equilibrium structure and the electronic states of vicinal Ag(111) surfaces with densely kinked steps are investigated in a systematic way using a curved crystal. With scanning tunneling microscopy we observe an exceptional structural homogeneity of this class of vicinals, reflected in the smooth probability distribution of terrace sizes at all vicinal angles. This allows us to observe, first, a subtle evolution of the terrace-size distribution as a function of the terrace-width that challenges statistical models of step lattices, and second, lattice fluctuations around resonant modes of surface states. As shown in angle resolved photoemission experiments, surface states undergo stronger scattering by fully-kinked step-edges, which triggers the full depletion of the two-dimensional band at surfaces with relatively small vicinal angles.
Analysis of the Mutual Information of Channel Phase Observations in Line-of-Sight Scenarios

The mutual information of the observed channel phase between devices can serve as an entropy source for secret key generation in line-of-sight scenarios. However, so far only simulated and numeric results were available. This paper derives the probability distribution of the channel phase and corresponding expressions for the mutual information. Moreover, the orientation distribution is optimized in order to maximize the mutual information. All presented results are validated numerically. These outcomes serve as a basis for further analytic investigations on the secret key generation rate and subsequent physical layer security performance analysis in line-of-sight scenarios, such as those encountered in drone-aided communications.
INTRODUCTION RATES OF ELECTRICALLY ACTIVE DEFECTS IN n- AND p-TYPE SILICON BY ELECTRON AND NEUTRON IRRADIATION.

Carrier‐removal rates produced in n‐ and p‐type silicon by 1.7 MeV electron and reactor neutron irradiations were measured at 270°K on samples with resistivities between 0.1 and 50 Ω·cm. The measurements were performed under well‐defined conditions on test samples selected from float‐zone, quartz‐crucible, Dash, and Lopex silicon crystals, and from epitaxial silicon slices. Most of the carrier‐removal rates were determined from the initial 10% decrease in conductivity. Carrier‐removal rates also were determined in heavily irradiated samples of float‐zone and crucible‐grown silicon. The electron‐produced carrier‐removed rate is strongly crystal growth dependent in n‐type silicon, and the smallest removal rate is observed in quartz‐crucible‐grown material. The hole removal rate in p‐type silicon under electron irradiation exhibits only weak crystal‐growth dependence which becomes more pronounced during subsequent isochronal annealing. After 370°K annealing of both n‐ and p‐type 10 Ω·cm materials, the smalle.
How basic bryophyte recording provides information on major changes in key conservation localities: a case study of Epping Forest, England, an internationally significant site

ABSTRACT Introduction Basic recording of bryophytes involves compiling a simple list of species found during a site visit. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of such records as evidence of change in the condition of protected areas. Methods The study area comprised Epping Forest, UK, where basic bryophyte recording has been undertaken ad hoc since ca 1800 and was again carried out in January 2022. A total of 224 species were included within the analysis, each categorised as either having been found during the surveys in January 2022 or only found during previous recording. Ellenberg indicator values for each species were derived from published literature. To investigate if any of the Ellenberg indicators were significant predictors of whether or not a species was found during the January 2022 surveys, a binomial generalised linear model was constructed (model 1). A second similar model was produced that excluded epiphytes (model 2). Results Regarding the likelihood of a species having been found during January 2022, model 1 indicated that there were highly significant negative relationships with moisture and acidity, and a highly significant positive relationship with nitrogen. Model 2 provided similar results except that moisture was insignificant. Conclusions Basic bryophyte records indicated that the condition of Epping Forest has undergone significant change, to become a site that is less acidic and more nutrient rich. This is consistent with a known decline in sulphur dioxide pollution and an increase in nitrification.