Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Outcome after Selective Posterior Rhizotomy in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

A retrospective analysis of data collected prospectively was performed to determine the long-term outcome of lumbosacral selective posterior rhizotomy (SPR) in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). The study population comprised children with spastic CP, who had SPR more than 4 years prior to the time of the study and had quantitative standardized assessments of lower limb spasticity (Ashworth scale), range of motion measured goniometrically, muscle strength (MRC scale) and ambulatory function, both preoperatively and at 1 year after SPR. Children meeting these criteria were reassessed at 5 years after SPR using the same measures. Hip adductor spasticity, hip abduction range of motion and quadriceps strength were chosen as the primary outcome measures for statistical analysis. Of 80 patients who met the entry criteria for the study, 33 completed the 5-year assessments. Significant improvements in spasticity, range of motion and muscle strength were noted both at 1 year and at 5 years after SPR. The preoperative, 1-year and 5-year values were as follows: hip adductor spasticity (Ashworth scale) = 4.1, 2.1, 2.2; hip abduction range of motion (degrees) = 20.4, 39.9, 31.7, and quadriceps strength (MRC scale) = 3.6, 4.0, 4.1. Ambulatory function seemed to be better at 1 and 5 years compared to baseline, but no statistical analysis was done for this secondary outcome measure. It was concluded that improvements in lower limb motor outcome are present at 1 year after SPR, and that these improvements are generally maintained at 5 years.
B cell precursors in chick embryos surgically bursectomized at 72 h of incubation

To determine the presence of precursor B cells in chick embryos surgically bursectomized at 72 h of incubation (E‐Bx) we studied chick chimeras that were produced by establishing parabiotic connections between blood vessels of chorioallantoic membranes of normal and surgically bursectomized chick embryos. Using sex chromosomes and a B cell alloantigen (Bu‐1a) as markers we showed that chick embryos bursectomized at 72 h of incubation contain B cell precursors capable of colonizing the bursa of Fabricius and developing into B lymphocytes. The repopulation capacity of 14‐day‐old embryonic spleen cells from E‐Bx recipients was tested by transferring them into age‐matched X‐irradiated Bu‐1‐disparate embryos. The results show that B cell precursors are present in 14‐day spleen of chick embryos bursectomized at 72 h of incubation. These precursors carry the Bu‐1 B cell alloantigen, suggesting that commitment to the B cell lineage can take place in the absence of bursa.
State transformation in the High North : cases of environmental justice struggles

The thesis deals with the art and science of fundamental systems transformation. It is hypothesis-generative, based on qualitative research. The cases are selected from an ongoing process of state transformation at the Arctic fringe of Europe. The indigenous rights struggle feeds into the ongoing re-constitution of the body of law. The study is a contribution to ongoing rethinking of concepts and methods in European Political and Social Sciences. The struggle for rights is also a struggle for proofs, which feeds into ongoing re-constitution of the body of knowledge. Jury: Donatella della Porta (EUI), Paul Routledge (University of Leeds), Helge Hiram Jensen (candidate), Olivier Roy (EUI), Steinar Pedersen (Sami University College). Bio Helge Hiram Jensen graduated in 2002 as a cultural sociologist (Cand.Polit.) at the University of Oslo. In 2009 he was retrained as a political scientist (M.Res.) at the European University Institute. From 1999 until 2008 he worked as museum guide, exhibition curator, teacher, author, editor, barista, poet, actor, personal assistant for disabled persons, research assistant in sociology, and small business entrepreneur.
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition Does Not Prevent the Natriuretic Effect of Felodipine

The mechanism of natriuresis with calcium entry blockers such as felodipine is largely unexplained. As these drugs prevent sodium retention following exogenous angiotensin II, the natriuretic effect of felodipine might be due to a similar interaction with endogenous angiotensin II. In such a case, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition with ramipril should prevent natriuresis with felodipine. We tested this hypothesis in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study in 12 male volunteers by comparing intravenous felodipine after 1 week of oral ramipril with felodipine after placebo and with solvent after ramipril. Ramipril pretreatment reduced ACE activity to 11 ± 1%, lowered the blood pressure, and increased renal blood flow. However, ramipril pretreatment did not prevent the pronounced increase in natriuresis and diuresis with felodipine. Fractional sodium excretion only tended to increase less during felodipine after ramipril than during felodipine after placebo (absolute changes of + 1.2 ± 0.2 and +1.7 ± 0.2%, respectively; p = 0.07). Ramipril did not influence the felodipine-mediated blood pressure reduction and renal vasodilation. In conclusion, ACE inhibition has no significant effect on the natriuretic and hemodynamic effects of felodipine, suggesting that mechanisms other than interaction with endogenous angiotensin II are involved in these effects of calcium entry blockers.
Cognitive flexibility and complex integration in Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Schizophrenia

Abstract Two new tasks designed to individualize and assess aspects of cognitive flexibility and complex integration were administered to patients with schizophrenia (n = 16), Parkinson's disease (PD; n = 25) and Huntington's disease (HD; n = 12). Findings indicated impaired performance in the schizophrenic and HD groups on components of solution fluency, reactive flexibility and integration. The PD group demonstrated normal performance on all but the solution fluency and reaction time measures. These findings corroborate previous studies suggesting that executive and problem solving disturbances feature in schizophrenia and HD and that these functions may not be as severely affected in medicated PD. Slowed reaction time by both dementia groups is explained with reference to the concept of bradyphrenia. (JINS, 1995, 1, 545–553.)
Precise Calculation of Current Densities Via Four Spinning Spacecraft in a Tetrahedron Configuration

In certain regions of the Earth's magnetosphere the divergence and the curl of the magnetic field are vanishingly small. Four spacecraft that fly across such a region in a tetrahedron configuration may not observe vanishingly small divergence and curl of the magnetic field. This can be due to errors in magnetometer calibration and spacecraft orientation. We present new equations that minimize the divergence and the curl of the magnetic field by adjusting orientation as well as certain calibration parameters of the magnetometers. Our equations are roughly an order of magnitude more compact than the previously published equations (Khurana etal., 1996) and their derivation is more transparent. We apply the technique using data from all four Cluster spacecraft in regions where the divergence and curl are vanishingly small to improve measurements of these quantities. We also show that the importance of interspacecraft calibration increases with smaller separations of the spacecraft.
Sentiment and Bitcoin Volatility

This paper augments the current research suggesting the less rational factors like attractiveness of Bitcoin and speculative investments to be influential for excessive volatility. In particular, it examines the sentiment as a driver of Bitcoin volatility. The paper contributes with economic rationale about a link between sentiment and Bitcoin. Further, the authors propose a unique decomposition of Bitcoin price to rational and less rational components. The paper tests this theoretical prediction with unique sentiment intraday data in the period of 12/12/2013 â€“ 12/31/2015. The findings of the paper show the marginal presence of sentiment during the overall studied period. However, the explanato- ry power of sentiment significantly increases during the period of excessive volatility, especially dur- ing the bubble period at the end of the year 2013 and beginning of 2014. Moreover, the findings show that positive sentiment is more influential for Bitcoin excessive volatility.
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare pulmonary disease characterised by alveolar accumulation of surfactant. It may result from mutations in surfactant proteins or granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor genes, it may be secondary to toxic inhalation or haematological disorders, or it may be auto-immune, with anti-GM-CSF antibodies blocking activation of alveolar macrophages. Auto-immune alveolar proteinosis is the most frequent form of PAP, representing 90% of cases. Although not specific, high-resolution computed tomography shows a characteristic “crazy paving” pattern. In most cases, bronchoalveolar lavage findings establish the diagnosis. Whole lung lavage is the most effective therapy, especially for auto-immune disease. Novel therapies targeting alveolar macrophages (recombinant GM-CSF therapy) or anti-GM-CSF antibodies (rituximab and plasmapheresis) are being investigated. Our knowledge of the pathophysiology of PAP has improved in the past 20 yrs, but therapy for PAP still needs improvement.
Apparent zero‐order kinetics of phenol biodegradation by substrate‐inhibited microbes at low substrate concentrations

The reaction kinetics for phenol biodegradation at low substrate concentrations can be estimated based on the analysis of changes in the dissolved oxygen concentration in the bulk liquid during biodegradation. The measured oxygen concentration changes with an interesting behavior as biodegradation proceeds. The oxygen concentration in the bulk liquid decreases rapidly in the early stages of degradation and subsequently decreases linearly and then rapidly recovers to the initial saturated level. Taking into account the oxygen transfer rate between gas and liquid phases and oxygen consumption rate by microbes, the change in the dissolved oxygen concentration can be simulated with an unsteady state mass balance equation and three kinetic models for the rate of phenol metabolism: a substrate‐inhibited model; a zero‐order model; and a combined model. In the combined model, it is assumed that, at phenol concentrations above 10 mg/L, the degradation rate is expressed by a substrate‐inhibited model; whereas at concentrations below 10 mg/L the zero‐order model is applied. It was found that the characteristics of the change in the dissolved oxygen concentration, especially the rapid increase at the end of degradation, can only be described by the combined kinetic model. This result suggests that conventional Haldane‐type kinetics would be unsuitable for estimating the phenol consumption rate at low phenol concentrations, in particular, at concentrations less than 10 mg/L. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Trade Opportunity Of Potential Agricultural Commodities Between Turkey And Indonesia (Case Study Palm Oil)

This research was conducted in Indonesia and Turkey. The aims of this study is to analyse the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) of trade relations in macro-scale of commodities, the industry attractiveness, trade potential, strategic orientation of the palm oil commodities traded between Turkey and Indonesia, and to analyse the industry competitive forces. The data used are primary and secondary data both quantitative and qualitative. The primary data obtained from deep interview by purposive sampling, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method by online and offline communication, and from experts acquisition. The secondary data obtained from UN Comrade, FAOSTAT, IMF, World Bank, Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Agriculture and other relevant agencies. Descriptive data were analysed using the SWOT Matrix method, the SOR (Strategic Orientation) Matrix method, Internal Factor Analysis (IFAS), External Factor Analysis (EFAS), Strategic Position and Action Evaluation (SPACE), and the Porter’s Five Competitive Forces Matrix. Based on the diagram by the internal-external factor matrix, it is known that the condition of between Turkey and Indonesia were same condition on the Divest (X = 0.67; Y = 1.42) and (X = 1.31; Y = 0.57). Therefore, the main suggestion concluded by the study were that the best attack strategy for Turkey are to strengthen the defence strategy first, before then attack has been better for national agro-industrial ability.
Internetbasierte psychologische Behandlung bei Depressionen

Depression ist die häufigste psychische Erkrankung, aber nur ein geringer Anteil der Betroffenen erhält eine angemessene Behandlung. Internetbasierte Interventionen stellen eine vielversprechende Ergänzung zu traditionellen Behandlungsformen dar, denn über das Internet können breite Bevölkerungsschichten mit wenig Aufwand erreicht werden. Die vorliegende Übersicht stellt den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu internetbasierten Interventionen bei Depressionen dar. Mehrere randomisierte kontrollierte Studien, Metaanalysen und Reviews legen nahe, dass mit strukturierten internetbasierten Interventionen, die regelmäßige Kontakte mit Therapeuten beinhalten (z.B. geleitete Selbsthilfeansätze, E-Mail- oder Chat-Therapien), Effekte erzielt werden können, die mit den Effekten von traditionellen Psychotherapien vergleichbar sind. Ungeleitete Selbsthilfeprogramme sind typischerweise mit hohen Abbrecherquoten und geringeren Effekten verbunden. Die zukünftige Forschung sollte sich vermehrt mit der Frage beschäftigen, wie internetbasierte Interventionen bei Depressionen optimal in die psychosoziale Versorgung integriert werden können. Mögliche Einsatzbereiche und die Einbettung internetbasierter Interventionen in das Versorgungssystem werden dargestellt und diskutiert.
The Impact of Service Quality, Student Satisfaction, and University Reputation on Student Loyalty: A Case Study of International Students in IIUM, Malaysia

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between service quality, student satisfaction, university reputation, and student loyalty in the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). This study aims to improve our understanding of student loyalty and to highlight the effect of student satisfaction, service quality, and brand image in building student loyalty towards IIUM. Data were randomly collected from 160 students studying in IIUM during the 2012/2013 academic session. Data analysis encompasses descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), correlation, and regression analysis. The data resulted in acceptably high reliability. The result indicates that all independent variables have significant impact on student loyalty. All three hypotheses were supported. This study is set to assist institutions of higher education to identify improvements in the service delivery process by identifying different aspects of service quality, brand image, and student satisfaction in IIUM.
Apply text mining in analysis of patent document

Patent documents contain lots of knowledge and information, such as design method, design technology and so on. Fully mining and discovering this knowledge can improve the innovative capacity and efficiency of a designer. This paper discusses how to apply the text mining technology in the patent document analysis. The method is discussed from two perspectives, which is patent new word detection and word's similarity calculation. The experiment result shows the methods in this paper work well.
Clinical review 68: The endocrine regulation of fetal growth in late gestation: the role of insulin-like growth factors.

I NTRAUTERINE growth retardation (IUGR) remains a dominant cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. More recently, it has been suggested that IUGR has longerterm effects on morbidity and mortality. A causal association between IUGR and the subsequent development of maturityonset diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in adulthood has been suggested; one postulated mechanism to explain this association is that IUGR may lead to altered programming of endocrine development (1). The causes of IUGR can be considered in three major groupings. It may be secondary to the effects of toxins affecting fetal or placental cell division (e.g. fetal infection), to genetic abnormalities (e.g. trisomy 21), or to disturbance of the supply of nutrients from mother to fetus (e.g. maternal cardiovascular disease, placental pathology, hypertension of pregnancy, and maternal undernutrition). The latter group represents the group in which the greatest potential for clinical intervention may lie. Strategies aimed at coordinately enhancing placental function are the only potential therapeutic approaches to in utero therapy at a gestational age before safe premature delivery by cesarean section. However, such strategies remain theoretical, as little is known of the factors that might regulate nutrient transfer across the placenta. It is well established that the maternal phenotype is a major determinant of fetal growth in late gestation. Under most circumstances, the limited capacity of the placenta to transfer nutrients to the fetus constrains the growth of the fetus; for example, transfer of an embryo of a small breed into the uterus of a larger breed will overcome this constraint and lead to a larger birth size than observed within the homologous breed (2). This phenomenon of maternal constraint is reflected in the smaller average birth size of multiple pregnancies. It is assumed to reflect several mechanisms, including limitations on uterine blood flow and the limited capacity of placental transfer mechanisms. Thus, the endocrine regulation of fetal growth in late gestation is determined by hormones that influence the parti-
Design of RF tuner for cable modem applications

An integrated RF tuner, operating in 40 MHz- 900 MHz bandwidth for cable modem is presented using TSMC 0.35 /spl mu/m (four metal, double poly) process. RF tuners always have external components which increases board space and cost. The complete monolithic RF tuner will be a cost, area and power efficient solution for DOCSIS standard high speed (10 Mbps-30 Mbps) cable modems. The designed RF tuner has an end to end gain of 0 dB, and adjacent channel rejection of -34 dB without any external SAW filters. The total area is 3m.m. /spl times/3m.m. with a power consumption of 680 mW with a 3.3V supply.
Genomewide analysis of polysaccharides degrading enzymes in 11 white- and brown-rot Polyporales provides insight into mechanisms of wood decay

To degrade the polysaccharides, wood-decay fungi secrete a variety of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and carbohydrate esterases (CEs) classified into various sequence-based families of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZys) and their appended carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM). Oxidative enzymes, such as cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO, formerly GH61), also have been implicated in cellulose degradation. To examine polysaccharide-degrading potential between white- and brown-rot fungi, we performed genomewide analysis of CAZys and these oxidative enzymes in 11 Polyporales, including recently sequenced monokaryotic strains of Bjerkandera adusta, Ganoderma sp. and Phlebia brevispora. Furthermore, we conducted comparative secretome analysis of seven Polyporales grown on wood culture. As a result, it was found that genes encoding cellulases belonging to families GH6, GH7, GH9 and carbohydrate-binding module family CBM1 are lacking in genomes of brown-rot polyporales. In addition, the presence of CDH and the expansion of LPMO were observed only in white-rot genomes. Indeed, GH6, GH7, CDH and LPMO peptides were identified only in white-rot polypores. Genes encoding aldose 1-epimerase (ALE), previously detected with CDH and cellulases in the culture filtrates, also were identified in white-rot genomes, suggesting a physiological connection between ALE, CDH, cellulase and possibly LPMO. For hemicellulose degradation, genes and peptides corresponding to GH74 xyloglucanase, GH10 endo-xylanase, GH79 β-glucuronidase, CE1 acetyl xylan esterase and CE15 glucuronoyl methylesterase were significantly increased in white-rot genomes compared to brown-rot genomes. Overall, relative to brown-rot Polyporales, white-rot Polyporales maintain greater enzymatic diversity supporting lignocellulose attack.
Footbed shapes for enhanced footwear comfort

A shoe wearer's comfort is related to the shape of the footbed of a shoe. Even though the footbed shape is important in footwear design, there exists no methodology to evaluate the existing guidelines used in last making. Thirty-two females participated in an experiment where heel seat length, heel seat inclination and heel height were investigated using the profile assessment device. The dependent variables were plantar pressure and perceived feeling of each participant. The results show that perceived feel is best for wedge angles of 4° and 5° at a heel height of 25 mm, 10° and 11° at a heel height of 50 mm and 16° and 18° at a heel height of 75 mm. A regression model was derived and this explained approximately 80% of the variation of perceived feeling with the contact area, peak plantar pressure and percentage of force acting on the forefoot region. Both heel wedge angle and heel seat length play an important role in the perceived feel of high-heeled shoes. This study, in relation to the load-bearing heel part of a shoe, highlights the importance of good footbed design. The findings can be used to design footwear with enhanced comfort.
A National Cancer Data Base report on 53,856 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated in the U.S., 1985‐1995

The National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) represents a national electronic registry system now capturing nearly 60% of incident cancers in the U. S. In combination with other Commission on Cancer programs, the NCDB offers a working example of voluntary, accurate, cost‐effective "outcomes management" on a both a local and national scale. In addition, it is of particular value in capturing clinical information concerning rare cancers, such as those of the thyroid.
Ton2: a VR application with novel interaction method using displacement data

This project introduces a novel interaction method using displacement data, as a match-up style VR application named "Ton2" in the theme of Paper-Craft Sumo. This VR system captures the waving motion data, and from those data, the participants play the Japanese traditional game, Paper-Craft Sumo in a typical way.