Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Location Management in Moving Objects Databases 2 Introduction 2.1 Moving Objects Databases and Relevant Research

1 Abstract In this paper we rst introduce Moving Objects Databases and their related research problems. Then we concentrate on a particular problem, namely reducing the information cost associated with a trip taken by some moving object (e.g. a vehicle). The information cost of a trip consists of the overhead of position-update messages and the deviation of the database position from the actual position of the object. We introduce two position update policies, namely plain dead reckoning (pdr) and adaptive dead reckoning (adr). We show that adr has a lower information cost than pdr. Consider a database that represents information about moving objects and their position. For example , for a database representing the location of taxi-cabs a typical query may be: retrieve the free cabs that are currently within 1 mile of 33 N. Michi-gan Ave., Chicago (to pickup a customer); or for a trucking company database a typical query may be: retrieve the trucks that are currently within 1 mile of truck ABT312 (which needs assistance); or for a database representing the current position of objects in a battleeeld a typical query may be: retrieve the friendly helicopters that are in a given region, or, retrieve the friendly helicopters that are expected to enter the region within the next 10 minutes. The queries may originate from the moving objects, or from stationary users. We will refer to the above applications as moving-objects-database (MOD) applications. Database management system (DBMS) technology provides a foundation for eeciently answering queries about moving objects. However, there is a critical set of capabilities that have to be integrated, adapted, and built on top of existing DBMS's in order to support moving objects databases. The objective of our Databases fOr MovINg Objects (DOMINO) project is to build an envelope containing these capabilities on top of existing DBMS's. The added capabilities include, among other things, support for spatial and temporal information. For example, \retrieve the friendly helicopters that are expected (according to current speed and direction information) to be WITHIN polygon P DURING the next 10 minutes" is a spatio-temporal query. It requires an intuitive query language, that includes spatial operators (e.g. point WITHIN polygon) and temporal operators (e.g. DURING); it also requires indexing and eecient processing algorithms . , and spatial databases (see 8] for a survey) have been studied in the literature, the integrated application of spatial and temporal databases for the purpose of modeling …
Street children's vulnerability to HIV and sexually transmitted infections in Malawian cities.

BACKGROUND Street children have largely been ignored in the fight against HIV and AIDS. While some initiatives exist, the nature of street life, probably has not allowed viable interventions to be implemented. However, this is a group of people that could qualify as a "most at risk" group. This study set out to explore street children's vulnerability to sexual exploitation in the cities of Blantyre and Lilongwe in Malawi. OBJECTIVE The objective for this study was to explore street children's vulnerability to HIV and STIs infection. DESIGN This qualitative study employed In-depth interviews with street children in the two main cities of Malawi. A total of 23 street children were interviewed. RESULTS The study strongly suggests that street children could be vulnerable to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. This is due to various factors which include low knowledge levels of STI and HIV, high risk sexual practices, lack of safer place to spend their nights for both boys and girls rendering them vulnerable to sexual abuses and the use of sex as a tool to secure protection and to be accepted especially for the newcomers on the street. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights street children's vulnerability to sexual exploitation which predisposes them to risk of HIV and AIDS as well as Sexually Transmitted infections. Furthermore, the street environment offers no protection against such vulnerability. There is need to explore potential and context sensitive strategies that could be used to protect street children from sexual exploitation and HIV and AIDS infection.
Similarity and diversity: two sides of the same coin in the evaluation of data streams

The Information Systems represent the primary instrument of growth for the companies that operate in the so-called e-commerce environment. The data streams generated by the users that interact with their websites are the primary source to define the user behavioral models. Some main examples of services integrated in these websites are the Recommender Systems, where these models are exploited in order to generate recommendations of items of potential interest to users, the User Segmentation Systems, where the models are used in order to group the users on the basis of their preferences, and the Fraud Detection Systems, where these models are exploited to determine the legitimacy of a financial transaction. Even though in literature diversity and similarity are considered as two sides of the same coin, almost all the approaches take into account them in a mutually exclusive manner, rather than jointly. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate how the consideration of both sides of this coin is instead essential to overcome some well-known problems that affict the state-of-the-art approaches used to implement these services, improving their performance. Its contributions are the following: with regard to the recommender systems, the detection of the diversity in a user profile is used to discard incoherent items, improving the accuracy, while the exploitation of the similarity of the predicted items is used to re-rank the recommendations, improving their effectiveness; with regard to the user segmentation systems, the detection of the diversity overcomes the problem of the non-reliability of data source, while the exploitation of the similarity reduces the problems of understandability and triviality of the obtained segments; lastly, concerning the fraud detection systems, the joint use of both diversity and similarity in the evaluation of a new transaction overcomes the problems of the data scarcity, and those of the non-stationary and unbalanced class distribution.
Chinese Information Extraction and Retrieval

This paper provides a summary of the following topics:1. what was learned from porting the INQUERY information retrieval engine and the INFINDER term finder to Chinese2. experiments at the University of Massachusetts evaluating INQUERY performance on Chinese newswire (Xinhua),3. what was learned from porting selected components of PLUM to Chinese4. experiments evaluating the POST part of speech tagger and named entity recognition on Chinese.5. program issues in technology development.
Review Special Issue on Sexually Transmitted Infections Recent Insights into the Hiv/aids Pandemic Epidemiology, Incidence and Prevalence

Etiology, transmission and protection: Transmission of HIV, the causative agent of AIDS, occurs predominantly through bodily fluids. Factors that significantly alter the risk of HIV transmission include male circumcision, condom use, high viral load, and the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases. Pathology/Symptomatology: HIV infects preferentially CD4 + T lym-phocytes, and Monocytes. Because of their central role in regulating the immune response, depletion of CD4 + T cells renders the infected individual incapable of adequately responding to microorganisms otherwise inconsequential. Epidemiology, incidence and prevalence: New HIV infections affect predominantly young heterosexual women and homosexual men. While the mortality rates of AIDS related causes have decreased globally in recent years due to the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) treatment, a vaccine remains an elusive goal. Treatment and curability: For those afflicted HIV infection remains a serious illness. Nonetheless, the use of advanced therapeutics have transformed a dire scenario into a chronic condition with near average life spans. When to apply those remedies appears to be as important as the remedies themselves. The high rate of HIV replication and the ability to generate variants are central to the viral survival strategy and major barriers to be overcome. Molecular mechanisms of infection: In this review, we assemble new details on the molecular events from the attachment of the virus, to the assembly and release of the viral progeny. Yet, much remains to be learned as understanding of the molecular mechanisms used in viral repli-cation and the measures engaged in the evasion of immune surveillance will be important to develop effective interventions to address the global HIV pandemic. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by chronic infection with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), is one of the most devastating pandemics ever recorded in human history [1]. Shortly after the first reports of AIDS in the United States in 1981 [2, 3] and the isolation of HIV-1 two years later [4], the disease has spread relentlessly, infecting close to 80 million people worldwide. The HIV epidemic, which was initially discovered and established in heterosexual populations of Central and East Africa [5, 6], arose from zoonotic transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) from non-human Abbreviations: AIDS – acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, ART – antiretroviral therapy, CI – conficence interval, DC – dendritic cell, HESN – HIV-exposed seronegative, HIV – human immunodeficiency virus, HSV – herpes simplex virus, MC – male circumcision, M-cell – microfold cell, MSM …
On the Role of Pitch Intervals in the Perception of Emotional Speech

Evaluation of the emotional valence of speech cannot be done on the basis of first-order statistics concerning the fundamental frequency (F0), and the quantification of “pitch contours” has remained an intractable problem. We have addressed the issue of the relationship between emotion and F0 using a new technique for the extraction of the dominant tones within speech utterances and then the analysis of the interval structure. Our approach entails the summation of F0 over the entire utterance and calculation of the underlying pitch structure using an unsupervised “cluster” (radial basis function) algorithm. The technique normally results in 2-5 Gaussian “pitch clusters” per utterance that can then be evaluated in terms of their inherent dissonance and harmonic tension. We have found greater dissonance and greater harmonic tension in utterances with negative affect, relative to utterances with positive affect.
Relationships between toxicopathic hepatic lesions and exposure to chemical contaminants in English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus), starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), and white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) from selected marine sites on the Pacific Coast, USA.

Relationships between hepatic lesions and chemical contaminant concentrations in sediments, stomach contents, liver tissue, and bile were statistically evaluated in three species of bottomfish, English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus), starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), and white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus), captured from 27 urban and nonurban sites on the Pacific Coast from Alaska to southern California. Lesions detected were neoplasms, preneoplastic foci of cellular alteration, nonneoplastic proliferative lesions, unique or specific degenerative/necrotic lesions, nonspecific degenerative/necrotic lesions, and hydropic vacuolation of biliary epithelial cells and hepatocytes. In general, lesion prevalences were significantly higher in all three species captured at chemically contaminated urban sites, and certain lesions had significantly higher relative risks of occurrence at urban sites in Puget Sound, San Francisco Bay, the vicinity of Los Angeles, and San Diego Bay. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT and its derivatives, and chlordanes and dieldrin in sediment, stomach contents, liver, and fluorescent aromatic compounds in bile were significant risk factors for the occurrence of neoplastic, preneoplastic, nonneoplastic proliferative, and specific degenerative/necrotic lesions, as well as hydropic vacuolation. Fish age also had a significant influence on occurrence of several hepatic lesions, but gender was rarely a significant risk factor. These relationships provide strong evidence for the involvement of environmental contaminants in the etiology of hepatic lesions in several marine bottomfish species and clearly indicate the utility of these lesions as biomarkers of contaminant-induced effects in wild fish. ImagesFigure 2. AFigure 2. BFigure 3.Figure 4. AFigure 4. B
A decision tree approach for traffic accident analysis of saskatchewan highways

Identifying the major contributing factors to traffic collisions and their severity will assist highway safety improvement initiatives by improved facility design and educational program to address the needs due to the changes in demographics. The traffic collision data used in this study has been collected over the last 20 years on the rural highways and urban streets from Saskatchewan, Canada. In order to determine the major factors contributing to traffic collisions and their severity, we present a data mining model using ID3 and C4.5 decision tree algorithms to analyze the traffic collision data. The experiment results from this study will show that the developed data mining model using decision tree can effectively classify the major contributing factors to traffic collisions and their collision severity for different groups of people with good accuracy. The data mining model is evaluated and compared with a commercial software package Weka. Recommendations drawn from the study results for traffic safety improvements are presented.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator activity during pubertal transition in girls: pulsatile and diurnal patterns of circulating gonadotropins.

To delineate the activity of the GnRH pulse generator during pubertal transition, 40 healthy girls 7-18 yr of age were studied. Ten were prepubertal (PP), 7 were in early puberty (EP), and 23 were in late puberty (LP, all postmenarcheal). Serum concentrations of LH and FSH were measured with immunofluorometric assays, which have a sensitivity about 100-fold that of RIA, in samples taken at 10-min intervals for 24 h during basal conditions, during Nal-Glu antagonist suppression, and in response to GnRH stimulation (10 micrograms). Serum levels of androstenedione, testosterone, and estradiol were measured with RIA. A pulsatile pattern of LH and FSH secretion was found in girls of all ages. PP girls had irregular LH pulses with low amplitudes during the daytime, but increased amplitude LH and FSH pulses were evident within 1 h after sleep-onset. Older PP girls had more regular and higher amplitude pulses throughout sleep than younger PP girls. The sleep-related LH and FSH pulses in PP girls were abolished with Nal-Glu GnRH antagonist treatment, reflecting endogenous GnRH pulse activities. The PP group had the most pronounced amplification of LH secretion with sleep yielding a sleep-wake ratio of 4, which decreased to 2 in the EP group and to 1 in the LP group. The emergence of regular daytime LH pulses along with a further amplification of pulsatile activity during sleep was closely related to the onset of breast development. By the age of 16 yr, an LH secretory pattern characteristic of adult women in the early follicular phase, i.e. a decrease in LH concentration during sleep, was established. Mean 24-h LH concentrations increased 40-fold from PP to LP consequent to a 9-fold increase in pulse amplitude and a 4-fold increase in pulse number (both P < 0.0001). Mean FSH concentrations (24 h), which were 20-fold higher than corresponding LH concentrations in the PP group, increased only 3-fold from the PP to the LP group. FSH pulse secretion appears to be predominantly GnRH dependent in PP girls in contrast to girls after ovarian activation, as indicated by the increased FSH responses to both GnRH antagonist suppression and GnRH stimulation in the PP as compared to the EP and LP groups. We conclude that the GnRH pulse generator is functionally active in prepubertal girls with selective expression of LH and FSH pulses after the onset of sleep. The onset of puberty is associated with a greater increase in LH pulse amplitude than frequency. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Recombination-dependent Repair of DNA Double-strand Breaks with Purified Proteins from Escherichia coli *

We have developed an in vitro system in which repair of DNA double-strand breaks is performed by purified proteins of Escherichia coli. A segment was deleted from a circular duplex DNA molecule by restriction at two sites. 3′ single-stranded overhangs were introduced at both ends of the remaining linear fragment. In a first step, RecA protein catalyzed the formation of a d-loop between one single-stranded tail and a homologous undeleted supercoiled DNA molecule. In a second step,E. coli DNA polymerase II or III used the 3′ end in thed-loop as a primer to copy the missing sequences of the linear substrate on one strand of the supercoiled template. Under proper conditions, the integrity of the deleted substrate was restored, as shown by analysis of the products by electrophoresis, restriction, and transformation. In this reaction, DNA synthesis is strictly dependent on recombination, and repair is achieved without formation of a Holliday junction.
NEOS: A pure named entity oriented search engine

The new generation of search engine is in urgent need to be aware of entities in addition to search text. In this paper, we first introduce the concept of entity standardization, and then model the entity search problem in a pure entity oriented way. Finally, we implement a prototype of a pure named entity oriented search engine(NEOS), which handles various query types in semantical meaning level. The evaluation of NEOS achieves rational results.
Heat Recovery from High Temperature Slags: A Review of Chemical Methods

Waste heat recovery from high temperature slags represents the latest potential way to remarkably reduce the energy consumption and CO 2 emissions of the steel industry. The molten slags, in the temperature range of 1723–1923 K, carry large amounts of high quality energy. However, the heat recovery from slags faces several fundamental challenges, including their low thermal conductivity, inside crystallization, and discontinuous availability. During past decades, various chemical methods have been exploited and performed including methane reforming, coal and biomass gasification, and direct compositional modification and utilization of slags. These methods effectively meet the challenges mentioned before and help integrate the steel industry with other industrial sectors. During the heat recovery using chemical methods, slags can act as not only heat carriers but also as catalysts and reactants, which expands the field of utilization of slags. Fuel gas production using the waste heat accounts for the main R&D trend, through which the thermal heat in the slag could be transformed into high quality chemical energy in the fuel gas. Moreover, these chemical methods should be extended to an industrial scale to realize their commercial application, which is the only way by which the substantial energy in the slags could be extracted, i.e. , amounting to 16 million tons of standard coal in China.
Subpicosecond skew in multimode fibre ribbon for synchronous data transmission

For the first time we demonstrate skew of less than 0.25ps / m across a 10-wide graded index multimode fiber ribbon. This sub-picosecond skew extends practical applications of multimode fiber ribbon to include synchronous parallel transmission with an aggregate data-rate distance product of greater than 10Gb / s ⋅km .
Gearbox Monitoring Using Induction Machine Stator Current Analysis

The aim of this paper is the monitoring of a gearbox by using the stator current signature analysis in the driving induction machines. The detection of mechanical faults using the vibration signal analysis has been well studied before. Recently, some works have been performed in order to observe the vibration components of the mechanical part in the stator current spectrum for an induction machine but without any theoretical detail. This paper proposes a theoretical framework based on torque oscillations due to the characteristic torsional vibrations in a gearbox and the source of mesh and rotating frequency components in the stator current is presented. In order to verify the theoretical development, a test-bed based on a 5.5 kW three-phase squirrel-cage machine connected to a gearbox has been used.
Concurrent chemotherapy and pelvic radiation therapy compared with pelvic radiation therapy alone as adjuvant therapy after radical surgery in high-risk early-stage cancer of the cervix.

PURPOSE To determine whether the addition of cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CT) to pelvic radiation therapy (RT) will improve the survival of early-stage, high-risk patients with cervical carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with clinical stage IA(2), IB, and IIA carcinoma of the cervix, initially treated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy, and who had positive pelvic lymph nodes and/or positive margins and/or microscopic involvement of the parametrium were eligible for this study. Patients were randomized to receive RT or RT + CT. Patients in each group received 49.3 GY RT in 29 fractions to a standard pelvic field. Chemotherapy consisted of bolus cisplatin 70 mg/m(2) and a 96-hour infusion of fluorouracil 1,000 mg/m(2)/d every 3 weeks for four cycles, with the first and second cycles given concurrent to RT. RESULTS Between 1991 and 1996, 268 patients were entered onto the study. Two hundred forty-three patients were assessable (127 RT + CT patients and 116 RT patients). Progression-free and overall survival are significantly improved in the patients receiving CT. The hazard ratios for progression-free survival and overall survival in the RT only arm versus the RT + CT arm are 2.01 (P =.003) and 1.96 (P =. 007), respectively. The projected progression-free survivals at 4 years is 63% with RT and 80% with RT + CT. The projected overall survival rate at 4 years is 71% with RT and 81% with RT + CT. Grades 3 and 4 hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity were more frequent in the RT + CT group. CONCLUSION The addition of concurrent cisplatin-based CT to RT significantly improves progression-free and overall survival for high-risk, early-stage patients who undergo radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the cervix.
The Influence of Physical Exercise on Cognitive Function: The Mediate Function of Attitude toward Aging

The paper discussed that whether attitude toward aging has a mediation role between physical exercise and cognitive function of the elderly by Physical Exercise Scale,Attitude towards Aging Scale and Basic Cognitive Capacity Test 2. 0. The Mediation role was tested by the suggestion of Wen Zhonglin and the test of Sobel,GoodmanⅠ,GoodmanⅡ. The results showed: ①There was significant positive correlation between physical exercise, cognitive function and attitude toward aging. ②Medi-test showed that attitude toward aging can be as a mediating variable between physical exercise and cognitive function to transmit the indirect effects of physical exercise on cognitive function. ③There were direct and indirect effects between physical exercise and cognitive functions,and the direct effect of physical exercise is greater than the indirect effect. These results demonstrate the intermediary function of aging attitude,clarify the positive effects of physical exercise on cognitive function in elderly people, and provide theoretical and practical references for healthy aging process.