Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of the Clavien Dindo Classification in the Reporting of Surgical
 Complications in Major Urological Journals

ObjectivesTo review the methods of surgical complication reporting in urological journals, to determine the current utilisation of the Clavien Dindo classification, and to make comparison with previous reports over the last 10 years.MethodsA search was performed of all journal articles published in 5 major urological journals from January 2021 to April 2022, inclusive. All articles reporting surgical outcomes or complications were analysed. The current trend in complication reporting was compared with the results of the systematic search of the same 5 urological journals performed in 2012 by Yoon et al.ResultsA total of 137 articles were identified. The Clavien Dindo classification was the most common method used (105/137, 76.6%) followed by a text-based descriptive classification (31/137, 22.6%). Notably, the Clavien Dindo classification was the only standardised method used in any of the articles examined. The prevalence of Clavien Dindo classification usage is 76.6% in the articles analysed in our search compared with the 33.3% reported by Yoon et al. in their search of papers published in the same 5 urological journals between 2010 and 2012.ConclusionsThere has been a significant increase in the adoption of the Clavien Dindo classification in the reporting of complications in major urological journals in the last decade. This is a favourable trend which is likely in response to the ad hoc EAU Guidelines Panel 2012 recommendations. With more than 20% of journal articles still using descriptive text-based classifications, we should continue to encourage further implementation of standardised criteria, particularly the Clavien Dindo classification
Female sex and burden of depressive symptoms predict insufficient response to telemedical treatment in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: results from a naturalistic patient cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder, that typically manifests itself during childhood and persists in a majority of the affected individuals into adulthood, negatively affecting physical and mental health. Previous studies have shown detrimental effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in individuals with ADHD. Thus, telemedicine could be a useful tool for optimizing treatment-outcomes in adult ADHD by improving treatment adherence and persistence. However, data on telemedical treatment outcomes in adult patients with ADHD is scarce. Methods We report here the sub-cohort analysis of a naturalistic cohort of adult patients (N = 254) recruited between April 2020–April 2021, comparing the effects of telemedical treatment on participants either clinically diagnosed with depression (N = 54) or ADHD (N = 67). Participants were asked to fill out the WHO-5 repetitively during >12 weeks of telemedical treatment. Furthermore scores of WHO-5, SCL-90R and BDI-II, psychopathology, psychosocial functioning, sociodemographic data, medical records and a feedback survey were analyzed for both groups and compared. Participants with ADHD were further stratified according to the development of well-being during the study period in order to identify factors associated with a satisfactory treatment outcome. Results Participants with depression reported a significant improvement of well-being during the course of the study, while no such effect could be seen in participants with ADHD on a group level. Despite the good outcome, participants with depression were more severely affected at baseline, with significantly worse psychopathology and a more precarious labor and financial situation. A detailed analysis of ADHD participants without clinical improvement revealed significantly higher BDI-II scores than for ADHD participants with a satisfactory outcome (p = 0.03, Mann–Whitney-U-Test), suggesting successful treatment was hampered by the combination of ADHD and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, female sex among ADHD patients was correlated with an unfavorable treatment outcome during the course of the study (p = 0.001, Spearman correlation) as well as living with children (p = 0.02, Spearman correlation). Conclusion Besides screening for depressive symptoms before telemedical treatment, future research should address the specific needs of female ADHD patients as these patients may be at a particularly high risk of being overburdened with family work.
The Effects of Polyphenols on Bone Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials

Osteoporosis is a condition favored by the postmenopausal decline in estrogen levels and worsened by oxidative stress (OS). Polyphenols are natural compounds abundantly found in fruits and vegetables, and they exert antioxidant and hormonal effects that could be useful in osteoporosis prevention, as suggested by epidemiological studies showing a lower incidence of fractures in individuals consuming polyphenol-rich diets. The aim of our meta-analysis is to evaluate the effects of polyphenols on bone mineral density (BMD, primary endpoint) and bone turnover markers (BTMs, secondary endpoint) in postmenopausal women. Twenty-one randomized control trials (RCTs) were included in our analysis after in-depth search on PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases. We found that supplementation with polyphenols for 3–36 months exerted no statically significant effects on BMD measured at lumbar spine (sMD: 0.21, 95% CI [−0.08 to 0.51], p = 0.16), femoral neck (sMD: 0.16, 95% CI [−0.23 to 0.55], p = 0.42), total hip (sMD: 0.05, 95% CI [−0.14 to 0.24], p = 0.61), and whole body (sMD: −0.12, 95% CI [−0.42 to 0.17], p = 0.41). Subgroup analysis based on treatment duration showed no statistical significance, but a significant effect on lumbar BMD emerged when studies with duration of 24 months or greater were analyzed separately. On the other hand, we found a significantly slight increase in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) levels (sMD: 1.27, 95% CI [1.13 to 1.42], p < 0.0001) and a decrease in pyridinoline (PD) levels (sMD: −0.58, 95% CI [−0.77 to −0.39], p < 0.0001). High heterogeneity among studies and unclear risk of bias in one third of the included studies emerged. A subgroup analysis showed similar effects for different duration of treatment and models of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner. More robust evidence is needed before recommending the prescription of polyphenols in clinical practice.
Image reconstruction for kernel phase interferometry with SCExAO/CHARIS using gradient descent

Kernel Phase Interferometry (KPI) is a data processing technique which enhances the angular resolution achievable by a conventional telescope in space or behind a powerful adaptive optics system. KPI is increasingly being applied to observations of young stars, which often host circumstellar disks with complex structure. Since such observations rely on fitting to an interferometric observable (the kernel phase), developing a flexible modelling approach in the form of an image reconstruction code would be greatly beneficial for recovering complex asymmetries. Here we present a proof-of-concept for such an image reconstructor that makes use of automatic differentiation to compute a gradient and Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) to find the best fitting image. Using simulated signals, we show that this approach works well for the case of a point-like companion but requires further development to robustly recover extended emission from a disk. This may be made possible by adding one of the many commonly applied regularizers for long-baseline or aperture masking image reconstruction and implementing a more sophisticated variant of gradient descent. Nevertheless, this simple combination of automatic differentiation and SGD shows promise for being a powerful addition to the KPI toolbox.
The Full-Glacial Forests of Central and Southeastern Europe

Abstract The presence of trees in central and southern Europe during the last full-glaciation has long been a matter of debate. A low but persistent presence of fossil tree pollen in central and southern European full-glacial paleoecological sequences has been interpreted either as representing long-distance pollen transport from southerly refuges or as representing in situ refugial populations. Here we present macroscopic charcoal results from 31 sequences located throughout Hungary that provide unequivocal evidence for the presence of at least seven different tree types between approximately 32,500 and 16,500 14C yr B.P. This evidence is presented in conjunction with molluscan and pollen analyses to indicate that during the last full-glaciation, trees grew as far north as Hungary, probably in microenvironmentally favorable sites. These areas provided an important cold-stage refugium for the European flora and fauna.
Construction and application of particle swarm optimization algorithm for ecological spatial data mining

The research of the regional ecological environment becomes more important to regional Sustainable Development in order to achieve the harmonious relationship between the person and the nature. The advent of spatial information technologies, such as GIS, GPS and RS, have great enhanced our capabilities to collect and capture spatial data. How to discover potentially useful information and knowledge from massive amounts of spatial data is becoming a crucial project for spatial analysis and spatial decision making. Particle Swarm Optimization has a powerful ability for reasoning and semantic representation, which combined with qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, with prior knowledge and observed data, and provides an effective way to spatial data mining. This paper focuses on construction and learning a Particle Swarm Optimization model for spatial data mining. Firstly, the theory of spatial data mining is introduced and the characteristics of Particle Swarm Optimization are discussed. A framework and process of spatial data mining is proposed. Then we construct a Particle Swarm Optimization model for spatial data mining with the given dataset. The research area is focused on the distribution of pollution sources in Wuhan City. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and practical of the proposed approach to spatial data mining. Finally, draw a conclusion and show further avenues for research. Through the empirical study, it has been proved that Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is feasible and the conclusion can provide instruction for local environmental planning.
Observational constraints on the kinetics of the ClO‐BrO and ClO‐ClO ozone loss cycles in the Arctic winter stratosphere

Observations of the balloon‐borne LPMA/DOAS remote sensing instruments performed in the Arctic stratosphere in February 1999 are used to constrain a photochemical model. Measurements of all relevant nitrogen, chlorine, and bromine species indicate that moderate heterogeneous chlorine activation occurred in a filament of the Arctic vortex. Model‐measurement comparisons for OClO serve as an indicator of how well various scenarios of the involved reaction kinetics, in particular of the ClO‐BrO and the ClO‐ClO cycles, reproduce the observations. Recent suggestions for the photolysis rate of the ClO dimer, the equilibrium constant between ClO dimer and monomer, the rate of the ClO‐ClO association reaction, and the branching ratio of the ClO‐BrO reaction are consistent with the observations. Formation of an unstable isomer of ClONO2 cannot be reconciled with the observations. Modeled odd oxygen loss rates can be larger by 10% to 20% for the updated reaction kinetics compared to standard recommendations.
Modeling the effects of systematic variation in ionic strength on the attachment kinetics of Pseudomonas fluorescens UPER‐1 in saturated sand columns

We report the effects of salt type and concentration on the change in attachment kinetics when bacteria are pumped through a column of water‐saturated clean sand over relatively long periods of time (up to 35 pore volumes). The species Pseudomonas fluorescens UPER‐1 was found to exhibit three different kinds of attachment kinetics: first order, second order, and an intermediate order. The attachment kinetics of bacteria was modeled by using the advection‐dispersion equation coupled with a set of equations for each kind of attachment kinetics while using colloid filtration theory to predict collector efficiencies. At low or zero salt concentrations (≤10−4 M) a second‐order kinetics model (“blocking”), a “first‐order” kinetics model, and an intermediate‐order kinetics model (“ripening”), were all found to fit the data equally well. At intermediate and high salt concentrations (≥10−3 M) the ripening model was found to fit the data best. We report values for collision efficiencies of bacteria in the range 0.01–0.2, depending upon the salt type and concentration. This study points out the importance of long‐term experiments to study the effect of ionic strength on bacteria attachment kinetics in saturated porous media and the phenomenon of cell‐to‐cell attachment at high ionic strength. This study further points out the range of kinetics to expect when bacteria attach to natural porous media and suggests a modeling framework.
Visual Process Monitoring by Data-Dependent Kernel Discriminant Analysis with t-Distributed Similarities

Visual process monitoring would provide more directly appreciable and more easily comprehensible information about the process operating status as well as clear depictions of the occurrence path of faults; however, as a more challenging task, it has been sporadically discussed in the research literature on conventional process monitoring. In this paper, the Data-Dependent Kernel Discriminant Analysis (D2K-DA) model is proposed. A special data-dependent kernel function is constructed and learned from the measured data, so that the low-dimensional visualizations are guaranteed, combined with intraclass compactness, interclass separability, local geometry preservation, and global geometry preservation. The new optimization is innovatively designed by exploiting both discriminative information and t-distributed geometric similarities. On the construction of novel indexes for visualization, experiments of visual monitoring tasks on simulated and real-life industrial processes illustrate the merits of the proposed method.
Rapid COVID-19 immunity screening by machine learning aided multiplexed nanoplasmonic biosensor

Surveillance of population immunity against infectious diseases is critical for pandemic management and risk assessment of future outbreaks. However, current serological tests fall short in accurately identifying immunity profiles from diverse populations. We present a label-free, rapid, multiplexed, and variant-sensitive nanoplasmonic biosensor to quantify antibodies against multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens from small human blood samples. We combined a machine learning model with antigen-specific antibody patterns measured from four different cohorts with known COVID-19 immunity. Subsequently, we tested our model on 100 blind human samples and determine that our findings are consistent with public epidemiological data showing that our nanobiosensor can help monitor population health during a pandemic.
THE SOCIAL ROOTS OF DISPERSED SETTLEMENT IN NORTHERN GHANA

ABSTRACT Northern Ghana is characterized by dispersed settlement. The pattern derives basically from a system of fixed cultivation which is rare in tropical areas. The layout of a house reflects family structure; similarly, patterns of land holdings reflect stages in community evolution. Originally circular, home-farms are divided by inheritance into radial strips, diminishing in size over the generations. Settlement dispersal commences with domestic fission within agnatic lineages. Society is strongly patrilocal, and ancestor worship a powerful influence. Study of lineage affiliation indicates a spread of settlement from ancestral core areas, usually in defensible hilly areas. Because of high per capita cost of provision of services, there is a need to concentrate settlement, if any degree of modern development is to be achieved. Lack of a major cash crop to finance local development is one obstacle, but greater still are the social difficulties confronting any attempt to re-cast the settlement pattern.
The relationship between depressive mood and non-suicidal self-injury among secondary vocational school students: the moderating role of borderline personality disorder tendencies

Background Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has become an important public health issue of global concern, often occurring in adolescents, and depressive mood is closely related to NSSI. In addition, NSSI is considered a symptom of borderline personality disorder. It has been found that adolescents in secondary vocational schools are more vulnerable to behavior and emotional disorders than those in general high schools. This study investigated the risk factors associated with NSSI affecting secondary vocational school students and analyzed the role of borderline personality disorder tendencies in promoting the occurrence of NSSI among students with depressive moods. Methods A total of 1,848 Chinese secondary vocational students completed a self-report questionnaire. The homemade NSSI behavior questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 were used in this survey. Binary logistic regression and PROCESS software analysis were used to explore the influencing factors associated with NSSI and to test for moderating effects. Results Female (OR = 3.412, 95% CI 2.301–5.060), drinking history (OR = 2.007, 95% CI 1.383–2.911), history of suicidal death exposure (OR = 3.161, 95% CI 1.999–4.999), depressive mood (OR = 2.436, 95% CI 1.668–3.558) and borderline personality disorder tendencies (OR = 2.558, 95% CI = 1.764–3.711) were independent risk factors for NSSI. Borderline personality disorder tendencies (B = 0.047, p = 0.000) moderated the relationship between depressive mood and NSSI. The stronger the borderline personality tendencies, the more NSSI behavior occurred when they were depressive. Conclusions Borderline personality disorder tendencies in secondary vocational school adolescents significantly enhance the association of depressive mood with NSSI. There is a moderating role for borderline personality disorder tendencies in depressive mood and NSSI.
Lidar estimation of stratospheric aerosol properties: Surface, volume, and extinction to backscatter ratio

A method for estimating stratospheric aerosol surface area, volume, and extinction to backscatter ratio from single-wavelength lidar measurements is presented. Functional relationships linking these variables are found on the basis of average scattering properties of a large set of aerosol distributions and compositions. The resulting model accounts for sulfate aerosol types, ranging from background to volcanic, in environmental conditions representative of most of the global lower stratosphere. Relevant errors range between 10 and 45% for surface area and between 15 and 35% for volume and extinction to backscatter ratio estimates. These values are slightly larger but comparable to those characterizing in situ particle counters. An extension of the method to the interpretation of both polar stratospheric cloud observations and satellite extinction measurements is discussed. The relationships between lidar backscatter at 532 nm and satellite extinction at 532 and at 1020 nm are evaluated.
A QoS-aware Mechanism for Reducing TCP Retransmission Timeouts using Network Tomography

—A wide range of web-based applications uses the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to ensure network resources are shared efficiently and fairly. As wired and wireless networks have become more complex, various end-to-end Congestion Control (CC) schemes have been developed, offering solutions through their proposed TCP variants. Network tomography, a powerful analytical tool, offers a unique perspective by measuring end-to-end performance to estimate internal network parameters, including latency. This estimation capability proves valuable, especially in cases where precise protocol performance evaluation is essential. TCP protocol can be improved significantly by properly estimating RTT time. It has resulted in better network conditions and improved reliability, as well as a higher level of user satisfaction. In this study, we propose a method to infer the link delay using network tomography and then adjust the RTT based on the delay estimation obtained in the previous step. Simulation results performed using the NS2 software show that the proposed method significantly improves the TCP protocol's Round-Trip Time (RTT) estimation by more than 15%. It reduces congestion, improves information transfer efficiency, and ensures the highest level of service in the network.
Use of the WBSI Questionnaire in a Study Group of Patients With Polytrauma During the Period 2015-2021

The present study started from empathy towards the patient and the fact that medicine is always looking for optimal solutions for the patient's well-being. The state of health, however, is not limited to the physical body, but the psychological mental status, the environment, the recovery time must be taken into account. The medical act is not limited to the life-saving gesture applied at a given moment. Polytrauma requires prompt and safe medical gestures, but the patient does not recover from this tragic episode in the near future. Time, patience, attention, coping mechanisms, psychological wellbeing, and a conducive environment are needed to compete with the previous medical act in order to recover fully and as quickly as possible. The length of hospitalization means financial costs, but the full recovery of the patient, the mental well-being, translates into hidden costs, borne by both the patient and the health system. Based on these ideas, the present study tried to add value to health care. Considering polytrauma as a possible trigger for PTSD, considering recovery as closely related to coping mechanisms, the study aimed to find the linking element in this "polytrauma-recovery" pathway. Why is recovery easier in some cases? Why does the number of hospital days vary in the context of similar physical injuries? Why do cases of higher severity recover more easily than others with lower severity scores? This study set out to explain how trauma and its psychological implications (rumination, nightmares, anxiety, obsessive thoughts about the injury) may be blamed for a more difficult recovery.
Origin of the cusp Birkeland currents

The authors argues that the cusp-region field-aligned (Birkeland) currents, first reported by Iijima and Potemra (1976b), arise from the motion of reconnected open field lines shortening over the dayside magnetopause. Initially, field tension is dominant so the open field lines have a significant east/west component to their motion. Later, as the field lines shorten, the magnetosheath flow becomes increasingly important, and the field lines are pulled antisunward into the polar cap. Where the field lines change their direction of movement from east/west to antisunward, the magnetic field must tilt and this is the site of the cusp Birkeland current. All the major observational features of the cusp Birkeland currents fit qualitatively well with our model.
Aerosol dynamics above the water area of the Peter the Great Bay during the dust storm in the Gobi desert

This article presents aerosol dynamic monitoring over the Peter the Great bay during dust storms in continental areas of the China and Mongolia. Both satellite and lidar data was analyzed. Vertical profiles of aerosol backscattering coefficient and aerosol optical thickness were calculated. Aerosol optical thickness in different layers were retrieved and compared with the satellite ones. Correlation coefficient between satellite and lidar data was calculated. Aerosol layer location was compared to Brent-Vaisal criterion of stability. Aerosol layer stratification during spring - summer (April - June 2006) period was analyzed.