Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Luteolytic and ovulation-inducing properties of prostaglandin F 2 in pregnant mice.

The luteolytic effects of prostaglandin (PG) F2\g=a\ have been described in several laboratory species such as the rat (Gutknecht, Cornette & Pharriss, 1969; Labhsetwar, 1970), hamster (Labhsetwar, 1971; Gutknecht, Wyngarden & Pharriss, 1971), rabbit (Gutknecht et al., 1969) and guinea-pig (Blatchley & Donovan, 1969). This PG also induces ovulation in rats (unpublished observa-tions) and hamsters (Labhsetwar, 1971). If the PG also exerts luteolytic and ovulation-inducing effects in the mouse, this animal might prove to be more economical for experimental purposes because ofits smaller size and the limited availability of PG. number cor¬ serially examined
Localization of denaturation bubbles in random DNA sequences

We study the thermodynamic and dynamic behaviors of twist-induced denaturation bubbles in a long, stretched random sequence of DNA. The small bubbles associated with weak twist are delocalized. Above a threshold torque, the bubbles of several tens of bases or larger become preferentially localized to AT-rich segments. In the localized regime, the bubbles exhibit “aging” and move around subdiffusively with continuously varying dynamic exponents. These properties are derived by using results of large-deviation theory together with scaling arguments and are verified by Monte Carlo simulations.
Creaming Versus Cropping: Charter School Enrollment Practices in Response to Market Incentives

Proponents of school choice present market-based competition as a means of leveling disparities between race, class and performance in public school systems. Opponents see school choice as threatening to exacerbate this problem because competition for students will pressure individual schools into targeting students with the highest performance and the least encumbered with personal and social disadvantages. We suggest that some charter schools, by background and affiliation, are likely to be more market-oriented in their behavior than others, and test the proposition that market-oriented charter schools engage in cream-skimming while others disproportionately serve highly disadvantaged students. Comparing student composition in market-oriented charter schools, nonmarket-oriented charter schools, and traditional public schools in Washington, DC, we find little evidence that market-oriented charters are focusing on an elite clientele, but they are less likely than the other two types of schools to serve some high need populations. Rather than skimming the cream off the top of the potential student population, market-oriented charter schools may be “cropping off” service to students whose language or special education needs make them more costly to educate.
Cochleovestibular nerve compression syndrome. I. Clinical features and audiovestibular findings

Cochleovestibular nerve compression syndrome (CNCS) is the term used to describe a group of audiovestibular symptoms thought to be due to a vessel compressing the cochleovestibular nerve. These symptoms include recurrent vertigo, continuous disequilibrium and acquired motion intolerance. Recently, Moller reported that CNCS can be diagnosed based on abnormalities in the auditory brainstem response (ABR).
Perspectives on Innovation in Organizations

This paper maps out the literature on innovation in organizations in terms of three theoretical perspectives. These are referred to as the individualist perspective, the structuralist perspective, and the interactive process perspective. The perspectives provide the reader with a framework both for organizing this voluminous literature, and for understanding the key theoretical and methodological differences that are evident within this field.
Structures with Multirelations, their Discrete Dualities and Applications

In this paper we show that the problem of discrete duality can be extended beyond the clasical setting of duality between a class of algebras and a class of relational structures. Namely, for some classes of algebras, the relevant dual structures are the structures with multirelations. Several applications of multirelations will be described.
HIDDEN MARKOV MODELS FOR SPECTRAL SIMILARITY OF SONGS

Hidden Markov Models (HMM) are compared to Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) for describing spectral similarity of songs. Contrary to previous work we make a direct comparison based on the log-likelihood of songs given an HMM or GMM. Whereas the direct comparison of log-likelihoods clearly favors HMMs, this advantage in terms of modeling power does not allow for any gain in genre classification accuracy.
A Theory-Mindedness Approach: Eliminating the Need for a Gap in Baccalaureate Education

Social work educators have been grappling for years with the continually challenging notion of the “integration of theory and practice” and the converse concept, the “gap between theory and practice. ” This article posits the utility of a theory-mindedness approach to learning and practice as an alternative conceptualization that attenuates the need to focus resources on the “gap” and how to close or narrow it. An innovative classroom-based approach designed to facilitate the development of theory-mindedness among three cohorts of undergraduate social work majors poised to begin their senior field practicum year is described. The impetus for and background of the project are discussed, along with a description of the model for facilitating the development of theory-mindedness. Preliminary data designed to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of the approach are provided.
Two Phase Write Scheme to Improve Low Voltage Write-ability in Medium-Density SRAMs

State-of-art SRAM designs use either the negative bit line or the overdrive word line write assist circuits to improve the write-ability in a low voltage VDDMIN environment. But at the higher voltage operations, these write assist circuits will have an adverse effect on the SRAM bit cell's pass gate oxide tox reliability like hot carrier injection and time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB). In this paper, we propose a novel two phase write scheme to improve the write-ability in a VDDMIN environment. We achieved improved write-ability by driving the word line voltage level to the power supply rail, in conjunction with the medium-sized SRAM bit cell. Simulation results at VDDMIN voltage of 0.52V in 16nm TSMC FinFET technology, demonstrate that the worst 5σ bit cell write margin is improved by 85mV. Our two phase write scheme with the word line voltage level restricted to the power supply rail, does not risk the bit cell's pass gate tox reliability at the higher voltage operations. We also present the two phase write scheme macro implementation for a column multiplexed SRAM architecture.
Personality changes in normal and cognitively impaired elderly: Informant reports in a community sample

Personality changes are included in the DSM‐III‐R and ICD‐10 criteria for diagnosis of dementia. However, until quite recently, dementia research has emphasized cognitive decline, with little interest being shown in personality change. Recent studies looking at personality changes in dementia have usually used small clinical samples. In the study reported here, such changes have been assessed in a community sample of persons over 70 years. Information was obtained from a close relative or friend. A single dimension of personality change was found. There was a moderate but significant correlation between personality change and cognitive change. Reports of personality change were also correlated to neurotic symptoms in the informant. Personality change was unrelated to the gender of the informant, the relationship of the informant to their relative or whether they lived with their relative. Also, there was no association between personality change and the elderly subject's age, gender or level of education. Through logistic regression, the neurotic symptom score of the informant was found to be the best predictor of reported personality change. This suggests that caution may be needed in interpreting information about personality change obtained from informants.
Organizations and National Culture: Methodology Considered

This paper highlights some of the major problems and obstacles which are faced by researchers in the field of cross-cultural study of organizations and manage ment. Specifically, the difficulties in the areas of conceptualization, operationaliz ation, data collection and interpretation. and the focus of study are discussed. Some of the studies which have attempted to tackle or overcome the difficulties associated with these areas are reviewed.
O processo saúde-doença e a dependência química: interfaces e evolução

The drug addiction today is considered a complex and a serious Public Health problem. The discussion about drug addiction concerns the health/illness process, considering the models that contribute to the comprehension of this phenomenon at the current moment and to the established intervention strategies. Discussing the drug addiction today demands a reflection on how drug was faced throughout history, based on the health/illness issues and the hemogenic paradigms in each historical moment. This study intends to: a) show the theoretical-conceptual basis of three axes (health, illness and chemical dependence) and their intersections; b) activate a critical reflection about the health promotion issue in the context of chemical dependence, according to the biopsychossocial model currently present. This model considers the human being as a whole, gifted of subjectivity, knowledge and own tasks, active on the health/illness process, emphasizing the necessity of breaking the Cartesian model still dominant at health studies.
Mouse Polyomavirus Enters Early Endosomes, Requires Their Acidic pH for Productive Infection, and Meets Transferrin Cargo in Rab11-Positive Endosomes

ABSTRACT Mouse polyomavirus (PyV) virions enter cells by internalization into smooth monopinocytic vesicles, which fuse under the cell membrane with larger endosomes. Caveolin-1 was detected on monopinocytic vesicles carrying PyV particles in mouse fibroblasts and epithelial cells (33). Here, we show that PyV can be efficiently internalized by Jurkat cells, which do not express caveolin-1 and lack caveolae, and that overexpression of a caveolin-1 dominant-negative mutant in mouse epithelial cells does not prevent their productive infection. Strong colocalization of VP1 with early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1) and of EEA1 with caveolin-1 in mouse fibroblasts and epithelial cells suggests that the monopinocytic vesicles carrying the virus (and vesicles containing caveolin-1) fuse with EEA1-positive early endosomes. In contrast to SV40, PyV infection is dependent on the acidic pH of endosomes. Bafilomycin A1 abolished PyV infection, and an increase in endosomal pH by NH4Cl markedly reduced its efficiency when drugs were applied during virion transport towards the cell nucleus. The block of acidification resulted in the retention of a fraction of virions in early endosomes. To monitor further trafficking of PyV, we used fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) to determine mutual localization of PyV VP1 with transferrin and Rab11 GTPase at a 2- to 10-nm resolution. Positive FRET between PyV VP1 and transferrin cargo and between PyV VP1 and Rab11 suggests that during later times postinfection (1.5 to 3 h), the virus meets up with transferrin in the Rab11-positive recycling endosome. These results point to a convergence of the virus and the cargo internalized by different pathways in common transitional compartments.
Dust in the Wind: Crystalline Silicates, Corundum, and Periclase in PG 2112+059

We have determined the mineralogical composition of dust in the broad absorption line (BAL) quasar PG 2112+059 using mid-infrared spectroscopy obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope. From spectral fitting of the solid state features, we find evidence for Mg-rich amorphous silicates with olivine stoichiometry, as well as the first detection of corundum (Al 2O3) and periclase (MgO) in quasars. This mixed composition provides the first direct evidence for a clumpy density structure of the grain-forming region. The silicates in total encompass 56.5% ± 1.4% of the identified dust mass, while corundum takes up 38 ± 3 wt. %. Depending on the choice of continuum, a range of mass fractions is observed for periclase ranging from 2.7% ± 1.7% in the most conservative case to 9% ± 2% in a less-constrained continuum. In addition, we identify a feature at 11.2 μm as the crystalline silicate forsterite, with only a minor contribution from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The 5% ± 3% crystalline silicate fraction requires high temperatures such as those found in the immediate quasar environment in order to counteract rapid destruction from cosmic rays.
Balanced stochastic truncation of coupled 3D interconnect

Model order reduction techniques have been used extensively to reduce the complexity of extracted interconnect circuits and to expedite fast and accurate circuit simulation. In this paper, we introduce a balanced stochastic truncation in model order reduction of a coupled 3D interconnect to provide uniform approximation of the frequency response of the original system over the whole frequency domain. As the experimental results indicate, the proposed approach can significantly reduce the complexity of interconnect, while retaining high accuracy in comparison to the original model.
Electron tomography reveals the endoplasmic reticulum as a membrane source for autophagosome formation

The origin and source of autophagosomal membranes are long-standing questions. By electron microscopy, we show that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) associates with early autophagic structures called isolation membranes (IM) or phagophores in mammalian culture cells. Overexpression of a mutant of Atg4B, which causes defects in autophagosome formation, caused accumulation of ER-IM complexes. Electron tomography revealed the ER-IM complex as a subdomain of the ER forming a cradle encircling the IM, and showed that both ER and isolation membranes are interconnected.
A Novel ESX-1 Locus Reveals that Surface-Associated ESX-1 Substrates Mediate Virulence in Mycobacterium marinum

ABSTRACT EsxA (ESAT-6) and EsxB (CFP-10) are virulence factors exported by the ESX-1 system in mycobacterial pathogens. In Mycobacterium marinum, an established model for ESX-1 secretion in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, genes required for ESX-1 export reside at the extended region of difference 1 (RD1) locus. In this study, a novel locus required for ESX-1 export in M. marinum was identified outside the RD1 locus. An M. marinum strain bearing a transposon-insertion between the MMAR_1663 and MMAR_1664 genes exhibited smooth-colony morphology, was deficient for ESX-1 export, was nonhemolytic, and was attenuated for virulence. Genetic complementation revealed a restoration of colony morphology and a partial restoration of virulence in cell culture models. Yet hemolysis and the export of ESX-1 substrates into the bacteriological medium in vitro as measured by both immunoblotting and quantitative proteomics were not restored. We show that genetic complementation of the transposon insertion strain partially restored the translocation of EsxA and EsxB to the mycobacterial cell surface. Our findings indicate that the export of EsxA and EsxB to the cell surface, rather than secretion into the bacteriological medium, correlates with virulence in M. marinum. Together, these findings not only expand the known genetic loci required for ESX-1 secretion in M. marinum but also provide an explanation for the observed disparity between in vitro ESX-1 export and virulence.
A meta-analytic review of the effect of implementation intentions on physical activity

Abstract Implementation intentions are a powerful strategy to promote health-related behaviours, but mixed results are observed regarding physical activity. The primary aim of this study was to systematically and quantitatively review the literature on the effectiveness of implementation intentions on physical activity. The second aim was to identify conditions under which effectiveness is optimal. A literature search was performed in several databases for published and non-published reports. The inverse variance method with random effect model was used for the meta-analysis of results. Effect sizes were reported as standard mean differences. Twenty-six independent studies were included in the systematic review. The overall effect size of implementation intentions was 0.31, 95% confidence intervals (CI) [0.11, 0.51] at post-intervention and 0.24, 95% CI [0.13, 0.35] at follow-up. The duration of follow-up had no significant effect on effect size (F(1, 18) = 0.21, p=0.66. This strategy was more effective among student and clinical samples, and when barrier management was part of implementation intentions. The present meta-analysis provides support for the use of implementation intentions to promote physical activity, even though the effect size is small to medium.
The relationship of herpes simplex virus latency associated transcript expression to genome copy number: A quantitative study using laser capture microdissection

To investigate the quantitative relationship of latent herpes simplex virus (HSV) genomes to the expression of latency associated transcripts (LATs) we used a combination of laser capture microdissection (LCM), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and quantitative real-time PCR to determine the number of HSV genomes in individual neurons of the mouse trigeminal ganglion (TG) during viral latency. Both LAT-positive and LAT-negative neurons detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) and lifted by LCM contained HSV genomes detected by PCR for HSV ICP47. The number of genomes/cell determined by real-time PCR with probes for HSV UL44 following LCM demonstrated a Poisson distribution with a predicted mean count of 178 genomes /LAT-positive neuron, and 68 genomes/LAT-negative neuron. The range was similar between the LAT-positive and LAT-negative neurons, and there was a substantial overlap in the distributions. These results suggest that the expression of LATs in an amount that is detectable by ISH does not depend only on the number of HSV genomes in the cell, and by implication suggests that neuron-specific factors play a role in the regulation of LAT expression during latency.
Are the Citizens of a Democracy a Just Target for Terrorists?

This article investigates how issues of political responsibility connect to the combatant/civilian distinction in armed conflict. It does so by looking at an attempted moral justification of terrorism in a democracy by a just war theorist. The attempt was by Igor Primoratz, who claims that civilians who actively support injustice do not merit immunity from targeting. Primoratz suggests amending the principle of civilian immunity to permit targeting of civilians who are culpable for an unjust war. This article argues that culpability plays no role in the justification of targeting combatants and cannot be used to justify the targeting of civilians. Combatants may be targeted in war because of a convention-dependent permission that they may be treated as instruments. Civilians may not be targeted in war because no such convention-dependent permission exists (and there are no benefits to creating such a convention). Nor can the justification of self-defence be used to justify the targeting of civilians in armed conflict because there is a threshold of culpability to be met before self-defence is permitted, and the citizens of a democracy do not meet that minimum standard.
Basophils are dispensable for the recovery of gross locomotion after spinal cord hemisection injury

Basophils are the smallest population of granulocytes found in the circulation. They have crucial and nonredundant roles in allergic disorders, in protection from parasite infections, in autoimmunity, and in the regulation of type 2 immunity. They share phenotypic and functional properties with mast cells, which exert substantial protective effects after traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, although they are considered one of the most proinflammatory cell types in the body. In contrast, the in vivo functions of basophils in central nervous system trauma are still obscure and not well studied. In this study, we show that by comparing spinal cord injury in wild type vs. basophil‐deficient Mcpt8Cre transgenic mice, the locomotor recovery is not affected in mice depleted in basophils. In addition, no substantial differences were observed in the lesion size and in the astrocytic and macrophage/microglia reaction between both mouse strains. Hence, despite the multiple properties shared with mast cells, these data show, for the first time, to our knowledge, that basophils are dispensable for the functional recovery process after hemisection injury to the spinal cord in mice.
Attachment and Play: Convergence Across Components of Parent-Child Relationships and their Relations to Peer Competence

Two components of the parent-child relationship, attachment and play, are associated with peer competence, but have not been related to one another. This study examines: (a) linkages between attachment security and physical play interactions in mother-child and father-child dyads, and (b) linkages between these parenting components and peer competence. A total of 54 preschoolers (27 girls) participated with their mothers and fathers. Parents completed the Attachment Q-set (Waters, 1987) and parent-child dyads were observed in a physical play session that was evaluated for play engagement and quality. Preschool teachers evaluated children's popularity and friendly-cooperative behavior. Mother-child dyads with more securely attached children had higher rates of play engagement. In father-child dyads with more securely attached children, fathers issued more directives and children made more suggestions and positive responses. Mother-child play quality and father-child attachment were most strongly associated with preschool measures. Findings suggest that attachment and play are relatively independent components.
Effects of the Rating Process on the Construct Validity of Assessment Center Dimension Evaluations

Assessment center research routinely finds that correlations among dimensions within exercises are stronger than correlations within dimensions across exercises (i.e., the exercise effect). A study was designed to examine whether the commonly observed exercise effect associated with assessment center ratings could be explained in terms of the rating process. One hundred undergraduate students participated in a simulated assessment center that included 2 exercises and 4 dimensions. Fourteen trained undergraduates participated as assessors. Assessment center dimensions were rated using either a within-exercise rating process in which an assessor rated all dimensions within 1 exercise or a within-dimension rating process in which an assessor rated 1 dimension across all exercises. It was hypothesized that a within-exercise rating process would result in exercise factors and a within-dimension rating process would result in dimension factors. Confirmatory factor analyses of the 2 rating processes strongly supported the hypotheses. Implications for the design of assessment centers and future research are discussed.