Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preliminary analysis of factors affecting women and African Americans in the computing sciences

The current paper presents research that investigates those factors that affect the recruitment and retention of women and African Americans in the computing sciences. We begin by discussing the data that describes the historic participation of women and African American students in the computing sciences. We then discuss the social, cultural, and financial factors that have traditionally affected these students and their progression in the field. Finally, we present an outline of recommendations that can be used to develop new policies and learning programs that can be used to increase the number of students from these groups. Though there is much literature on this topic, the current paper suggests that further investigation is needed to understand the extent to which existing statistical data can be interpreted to aid in the recruitment and retention of these underrepresented groups in the field.
Discussion Network Heterogeneity Matters: Examining a Moderated Mediation Model of Social Media Use and Civic Engagement

Employing original two-wave national panel survey data, this study examines the mediating role of discussion network heterogeneity on social media in the relationship between social media use for news/information and civic engagement. This study also investigates whether such indirect effects of social media use on civic participation are contingent on individuals’ extraversion personality. The results indicate that discussion network heterogeneity mediates the relationship between citizens’ social media use for news/information and their civic engagement. In other words, social media use for information positively influences individuals’ discussion network heterogeneity on social network sites, which consequently contributes to increased levels of civic engagement. In addition, this indirect effect of social media use on civic participation through network heterogeneity is stronger for introverted individuals. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Transient ischaemia refractory to conventional medical treatment in unstable angina: angiographic correlates and prognostic implications.

Complex stenosis morphology is frequently seen in patients with unstable angina. However, its relation to transient myocardial ischaemia and clinical outcome has not been adequately elucidated. We studied 86 patients admitted to the Coronary Care Unit for unstable angina; all patients underwent ECG Holter monitoring during the first 2-4 days, while receiving intensive triple drug treatment. Coronary angiography and subsequent analysis of the ischaemia-related artery were performed within 12 days of admission. Patients were grouped according to their angiographic features: 45 showed complex coronary morphology (CM: 29 eccentric stenosis with irregular borders or overhanging edges; 16 intracoronary thrombus), 11 had documented coronary spasm as well as moderate atherosclerosis (CS), seven had left main coronary artery disease, and the remaining 23 patients showed regular and smooth morphology of coronary stenosis (RM). At admission, transient myocardial ischaemia (TMI) was greater in patients with CM (85 +/- 60 min .24 h-1) than in those with RM or CS (33 +/- 26 min .24 h-1; P less than 0.005). After 3 days of full medical treatment TMI decreased in all groups, but 34/45 patients with CM and 9/34 with RM or CS still showed residual ischaemia (greater than 0 min .24 h-1): 76% vs 26%, P less than 0.02. Follow-up was obtained at hospital discharge and after 1 year in all patients. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Law of Brevity in Macaque Vocal Communication is not an Artefact of Analysing Mean Call Durations∗

ABSTRACT Words follow the law of brevity, i.e. more frequent words tend to be shorter. From a statistical point of view, this qualitative definition of the law states that word length and word frequency are negatively correlated. Here the recent finding of patterning consistent with the law of brevity in Formosan macaque vocal communication (Semple, Hsu, & Agoramoorthy, 2010) is revisited. It is shown that the negative correlation between mean duration and frequency of use in the vocalizations of Formosan macaques is not an artefact of the use of a mean duration for each call type instead of the customary ‘word’ length of studies of the law in human language. The key point demonstrated is that the total duration of calls of a particular type increases with the number of calls of that type. The finding of the law of brevity in the vocalizations of these macaques therefore defies a trivial explanation.
The area postrema does not modulate the long-term salt sensitivity of arterial pressure

Collister, John P., and John W. Osborn. The area postrema does not modulate the long-term salt sensitivity of arterial pressure. Am. J. Physiol. 275 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 44): R1209–R1217, 1998. —The hindbrain circumventricular organ, the area postrema (AP), receives multiple signals linked to body fluid homeostasis. In addition to baroreceptor input, AP cells contain receptors for ANG II, vasopressin, and atrial natriuretic peptide. Hence, it has been proposed that the AP is critical in long-term adjustments in sympathetic outflow in response to changes in dietary NaCl. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that long-term control of arterial pressure over a range of dietary NaCl requires an intact AP. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly selected for lesion of the AP (APx) or sham lesion. Three months later, rats were instrumented with radiotelemetry transmitters for continuous monitoring of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate and were placed in individual metabolic cages. Rats were given 1 wk postoperative recovery. The dietary salt protocol consisted of a 7-day period of 1.0% NaCl (control), 14 days of 4.0% NaCl (high), 7 days of 1.0% NaCl, and finally 14 days of 0.1% NaCl (low). The results are reported as the average arterial pressure observed on the last day of the given dietary salt period: APx (n 5 7) 114 6 2 (1.0%), 110 6 3 (4.0%), 110 6 3 (1.0%), and 114 6 4 (0.1%) mmHg; sham (n 5 6) 115 6 2 (1.0%), 114 6 3 (4.0%), 111 6 3 (1.0%), and 113 6 2 (0.1%) mmHg. Neither group of rats demonstrated significant changes in MAP throughout the entire dietary salt protocol. Furthermore, no significant differences in MAP were detected between groups throughout the protocol. All lesions were histologically verified. These results suggest that the area postrema plays no role in long-term control of arterial pressure during chronic changes in dietary salt.
(Kitap Özeti) Uzaktan eğitim: çevrimiçi öğrenmede sistem yaklaşımı

The book entitled “Distance Education: A Systems View of Online Learning” is one of the masterpieces to comprehend the general formation and working process of Distance Education and is extremely significant for those academicians and researchers who work in the field. Moore ve Kearsley, in their third edition book dated 2011, underlined the importance of Distance Education and described the developmental stages of the field in detail to their readers. The book, separated into twelve (12) units, discusses Distance Education in terms of history, theory, principles of instructional design and organizational structure. This study presents the short summaries of the above-mentioned units
ROI on a shoe‐string: strategies for resource‐constrained environments

Purpose – Despite heightened interest in return on investment (ROI) and increased accountability for training professionals to prove their bottom‐line organizational value, many practitioners are deterred from comprehensive measurement and ROI evaluation due to concerns about the cost, time, and human resources necessary to fully implement the process. The purpose of this two‐part series is to present ten best practice, cost‐saving approaches for developing a credible, economical ROI strategy.Design/methodology/approach – A systemic approach to measuring training's impact begins with an evaluation framework. For the purposes of this article, Jack Phillips’ five‐level framework for capturing the financial impact of training programs was referenced. Based on over 20 years of research and global applications, Phillips’ ROI model also includes techniques for isolating the impact of other variables, besides training, on performance improvement.Findings – Many organizations around the globe are using cost‐savin.
Acute and chronic endocrine effects of noise: Review of the research conducted at the Institute for Water, Soil and Air Hygiene.

This is a review of the research into endocrine effects of noise since the early 1980s at the Institute for Water, Soil and Air Hygiene. According to our knowledge, no other group has studied systematically the endocrine effects of acute and chronic noise exposure. Mechanisms of acute noise-induced stress reactions as well as long-term increase of stress hormones in animal and persons under chronic noise exposure were studied. Our theoretical background was Henry's psychophysiological stress model with the two reaction alternatives : (i) The fight-flight reaction, characterised by an increase in adrenalin and noradrenaline (ii) The defeat reaction with increased cortisol. Extremely intense acute noise exposure near the threshold of pain caused an increased release of cortisol from the suprarenal cortex but acute noise exposure with levels between 90 and 100 dB(A) caused an increase of catecholamines. Non-habituated noise increased primarily the release of adrenalin from the suprarenal medulla, whereas habituated noise caused a chronic increase of noradrenaline from the sympathetic synapses under longterm noise exposure at work. Environmental noise exposure (Leq >/= 60 dB(A)) caused catecholamine increase if activities such as conversation, concentration, recreation etc were disturbed through noise. In sleeping persons, traffic noise with only Leq >/= 30 dB (A) and Lmax >/= 55 dB(A) caused significant acute increase of cortisol, which developed into chronic increase if the noise exposure was repeated consistently. Parallel to cortisol, chronic noradrenaline increase was also observed. Based upon the empirical results, a noise stress model was developed which is a first step forward in the theoretical understanding of endocrine noise effects.
Motion evaluating system for a small biped entertainment robot

We have been developing a small biped entertainment robot and expanding its capabilities for adaptability and mobility in the home environment with enhanced core technologies. Conspicuous enhancements are a new robot actuator, ISA and Real-time Integrated Adaptive Motion Control System as a comprehensive motion control for SDR to realize the dynamic and smooth/elegant motion performances. In order to evaluate the basic motion control capabilities we propose a new motion evaluating system for a small biped entertainment robot. The system is composed of the SDR Motion Base and the control system. We have developed a serial-parallel hybrid type mechanism to apply for the basic experiment of SDR's motion control capabilities. We discuss the design concept of the motion evaluating system and the experimental method using the proposed Motion Base.
Amplification and DRDoS Attack Defense - A Survey and New Perspectives

The severity of amplification attacks has grown in recent years. Since 2013 there have been at least two attacks which involved over 300Gbps of attack traffic. This paper offers an analysis of these and many other amplification attacks. We compare a wide selection of different proposals for detecting and preventing amplification attacks, as well as proposals for tracing the attackers. Since source IP spoofing plays an important part in almost all of the attacks mentioned, a survey on the state of the art in spoofing defenses is also presented. This work acts as an introduction into amplification attacks and source IP address spoofing. By combining previous works into a single comprehensive bibliography, and with our concise discussion, we hope to prevent redundant work and encourage others to find practical solutions for defending against future amplification attacks.
Android malware detection based on overlapping of static features

Smartphones are increasingly used in everyday life. They execute complex software and store sensitive and private data of users. At the same time, malware targeting mobile devices is growing. There are various Android malware detection methods in the literature, most of which are based on permissions. However, the permission-based methods are usually subverted by some bypass techniques such as over-claim of permissions, permission escalation attack, and zero permission attack. In this paper, an Android malware detection method is proposed which uses API functions and Intents besides permissions. The proposed method modifies the values of some overlapping features. Consequently, the evaluation metrics such as precision, true positive, and false positive and accuracy are improved. The precision of the proposed method increases to 99.7% and the accuracy of this method improved to 98.6%.
Deciding FO-Rewritability in EL

We consider the problem of deciding, given an instance query A(x), an EL-TBox T , and possibly an ABox signature Σ, whether A(x) is FO-rewritable relative to T and Σ-ABoxes. Our main results are PSPACE-completeness for the case where Σ comprises all symbols and EXPTIME-completeness for the general case. We also show that the problem is in PTIME for classical TBoxes and that every instance query is FO-rewritable into a polynomial-size FO query relative to every (semi)-acyclic TBox (under some mild assumptions on the data).
Reevaluating Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease from the Perspective of the Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle Model

The conventional view of central nervous system (CNS) metabolism is based on the assumption that glucose is the main fuel source for active neurons and is processed in an oxidative manner. However, since the early 1990s research has challenged the idea that the energy needs of nerve cells are met exclusively by glucose and oxidative metabolism. This alternative view of glucose utilization contends that astrocytes metabolize glucose to lactate, which is then released and taken up by nearby neurons and used as a fuel source, commonly known as the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) model. Once thought of as a waste metabolite, lactate has emerged as a central player in the maintenance of neuronal function and long-term memory. Decreased neuronal metabolism has traditionally been viewed as a hallmark feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, a more complex picture of CNS metabolism is emerging that may provide valuable insight into the pathophysiological changes that occur during AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. This review will examine the ANLS model and present recent evidence highlighting the critical role that lactate plays in neuronal survival and memory. Moreover, the role of glucose and lactate metabolism in AD will be re-evaluated from the perspective of the ANLS.
Reducing Excess Disability in Dementia Patients

This study investigated the relationships between depressed mood and pleasant activities in patients with dementia and major depressive disorder, a cause of excess disability in patients. Four patients and their caregivers participated in a behavioral treatment program designed to improve patient depression. Caregivers were taught (1) to track patients' mood, duration and frequency of pleasant activity, (2) to increase pleasant activities for the patient and (3) to decrease behavioral disturbances that interfered with engagment in these pleasant activities. Caregivers of all patients successfully increased the frequency and duration of pleasant events, and decreased the patient's depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Further, increased frequency and duration of activity was significantly associated to decreased levels of depression in each of the patients. implications for using such methods with demented elderly patients who also present with de.
La statistique agrégée des patronymes du Saguenay et de Charlevoix comme indicateurs de la structure de la population aux XIXe et XXe siècles

L’analyse de la statistique des patronymes du Saguenay et de Charlevoix depuis le XIXe siecle suggere que les populations de ces deux regions sont extremement similaires, l’une ayant ete creee a partir de l’autre. S’agissant plus particulierement du Saguenay, les structures du bassin patronymique y sont demeurees relativement stables entre 1842 et 1971. Les auteurs pensent que, a titre preliminaire, la statistique des noms de famille peut etre un indicateur utile non seulement de la dynamique d’une population, mais aussi de l’ensemble de son bassin genetique. Elle semble cependant mal refleter la diffusion d’un gene en particulier : on ne trouve pas ici de correlation entre le fait de porter tel nom et la probabilite de porter tel ou tel gene deletere.
Signaling-dependent immobilization of acylated proteins in the inner monolayer of the plasma membrane

Phospholipids play a critical role in the recruitment and activation of several adaptors and effectors during phagocytosis. Changes in lipid metabolism during phagocytosis are restricted to the phagocytic cup, the area of the plasmalemma lining the target particle. It is unclear how specific lipids and lipid-associated molecules are prevented from diffusing away from the cup during the course of phagocytosis, a process that often requires several minutes. We studied the mobility of lipid-associated proteins at the phagocytic cup by measuring fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Lipid-anchored (diacylated) fluorescent proteins were freely mobile in the unstimulated membrane, but their mobility was severely restricted at sites of phagocytosis. Only probes anchored to the inner monolayer displayed reduced mobility, whereas those attached to the outer monolayer were unaffected. The immobilization persisted after depletion of plasmalemmal cholesterol, ruling out a role of conventional “rafts. ” Corralling of the probes by the actin cytoskeleton was similarly discounted. Instead, the change in mobility required activation of tyrosine kinases. We suggest that signaling-dependent recruitment of adaptors and effectors with lipid binding domains generates an annulus of lipids with restricted mobility.
Control of transcription termination.

PERSPECTIVES AND SUMMARY 967 WHAT IS TRANSCRIPTION TERMINATION? 96S RHO-INDEPENDENT TERMINATION 969 RHO-DEPENDENT TERMINATION 972 THE SEQUENCES OF SOME TRANSCRIPTION TERMINATION SIGNALS. 974 THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF RHO . 979 TRANSCRIPTION TERMINATION IN VIVO: A MODEL 9S2 Polarity: Transcription Termination with Operons . 982 The Model 982 MUTATIONS AFFECTING TRANSCRIPTION TERMINATION 986 Mutations Located at the Site of Termination 986 Mutations Not Linked to the Affected Termination Site 986 RNA polymerase mutations 986 RHO mutations 986 ANTITERMINATION , . , 989 pN Acts at Many Sites 989 Recognition Specificity of pN 990 Stoichiometry of pN Requirement . 991 Involvement of Host Factors 992 Bypass of pN Requirement , . , . , ,. " . , . ,. 992 Models of Antitermination . , , . ,. ,. , , ,. , . ,. 993
Cancer and Diet: With Facts and Observations on Related Subjects

Dit. F. L. Hoffman , the expert in vital statistics, in liis campaign against cancer has produced a scientific survey of the subject of cancer and diet. The results have been stated statistically under each food or group of foods through analysis of 2,2m questionnaires obtained by interviews with cancer patients at hospitals in several American cities, and 1,149 questionnaires for non-cancerous controls. The work is divided into four sections the first of which is an extended review of the literature on the subject. The array of opinion presented reveals an amazing amount of contradictory theories and results. Some advocate vegetarian diet, while others emphasize high-protein diet as a preventive and possibly curative measure. Most writers, however,
QR Codes as a time management tool in m-learning

The constant development and increased usage of ICT, especially mobile communications and Web technologies, has enabled users to use specific ICT solutions such as automatic identification and data capture techniques using QR Codes in order to improve learning processes. This paper researches the benefits of using QR Codes in m-learning, and presents examples of how QR Codes can be used to enhance learning processes. Universities and other educational institutions should implement m-learning to provide their students with “just in time” information and learning materials, in order to facilitate distance learning. This can be improved by using QR Codes with the purpose of better time management for both parties: students and professors.
Family relations, love relationships, attachment, and their influence on people's conceptions of love.

FAMILY RELATIONS, LOVE RELATIONSHIPS, ATTACHMENT, AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON PEOPLE'S CONCEPTIONS OF LOVE MAY, 1989 KATHERINE B. FIALA, B.A. , UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, L.A. M.S., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST Directed by: Professor Ronnie Janoff-Bulroan Recently, people have become interested in the influence of attachment style on intimate relationships throughout the life span. Hazan and Shaver (1987) found that adult attachment style was related to the way people experience love. The present study explored the influence that one's family relationships, attachment style, and one's own love relationship experiences have on people's conceptions of love. Questions focused on three aspects of people's views of love relationships: foundations of love relationships, beliefs about issues related to love, and optimism in future love relationships. This study compared first-year and fourth-year undergraduates' views of love. Results indicated that the quality of parent/child relationships primarily determined a person's attachment style, and attachment style influenced the way people viewed love relationships. As predicted, firstyear students' thoughts about love were more influenced by their parents' love experiences, and fourth-year students
[Changes of cytokines secreted by human oral mucosa keratinocytes from oral submucous fibrosis in vitro].

OBJECTIVE To assess the significance of oral mucosa keratinocytes (KCs) and cytokines in the development of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). METHODS KCs were obtained and cultured from the buccal mucosa of healthy subjects who did not chew areca nut and patients with OSF who chewed areca nut. Then radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were employed, and endothelin (ET) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) were quantified in culture supernatants. RESULTS The mean levels of ET and TGF beta 1 secreted by OSF-KC were 96.983 +/- 17.802 pg/ml and 4661.641 +/- 783.893 pg/ml respectively, which were higher than these secreted by NM-KC (P < 0.05); There was a positive correlation between the levels of ET and TGF beta 1 secreted by OSF-KC. CONCLUSION External stimuli such as areca nut components may induce the development of OSF by activating and stimulating the keratinocytes to secret a series of cytokines, including ET and TGF beta 1. It is speculated that ET and TGF beta 1 may be the contributing factors in the pathological features noted in OSF.