Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functionalized Hybrid Iron Oxide–Gold Nanoparticles Targeting Membrane Hsp70 Radiosensitize Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells by ROS-Mediated Apoptosis

Simple Summary Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the malignancy with the worst prognosis. Although the vast majority of TNBC patients are treated with multimodal therapies, including ionizing irradiation (IR), as a standard of care, radiation-resistant tumor cells and off-target toxicities preclude an advantageous clinical outcome. We studied the radiosensitizing effect of novel Hsp70-specific, hybrid iron oxide–gold (Fe3O4-Au) nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with the Hsp70 peptide TPP via a PEG4 linker (TPP-PEG4) to target tumor-specific membrane Hsp70 (mHsp70) on TNBCs. TPP can increase the affinity and uptake of hybrid Fe3O4-Au nanoparticles (FeAuNPs) into TNBC cells. TPP-PEG4-FeAuNPs, but not control hybrid FeAuNPs, significantly sensitize TNBC cells against radiation by activating a G2/M checkpoint arrest and elevating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce DNA double-strand breaks in TNBC. Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) a highly aggressive tumor entity with an unfavorable prognosis, is treated by multimodal therapies, including ionizing radiation (IR). Radiation-resistant tumor cells, as well as induced normal tissue toxicity, contribute to the poor clinical outcome of the disease. In this study, we investigated the potential of novel hybrid iron oxide (Fe3O4)-gold (Au) nanoparticles (FeAuNPs) functionalized with the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) tumor-penetrating peptide (TPP) and coupled via a PEG4 linker (TPP-PEG4-FeAuNPs) to improve tumor targeting and uptake of NPs and to break radioresistance in TNBC cell lines 4T1 and MDA-MB-231. Hsp70 is overexpressed in the cytosol and abundantly presented on the cell membrane (mHsp70) of highly aggressive tumor cells, including TNBCs, but not on corresponding normal cells, thus providing a tumor-specific target. The Fe3O4 core of the NPs can serve as a contrast agent enabling magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the tumor, and the nanogold shell radiosensitizes tumor cells by the release of secondary electrons (Auger electrons) upon X-ray irradiation. We demonstrated that the accumulation of TPP-PEG4-FeAuNPs into mHsp70-positive TNBC cells was superior to that of non-conjugated FeAuNPs and FeAuNPs functionalized with a non-specific, scrambled peptide (NGL). After a 24 h co-incubation period of 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cells with TPP-PEG4-FeAuNPs, but not with control hybrid NPs, ionizing irradiation (IR) causes a cell cycle arrest at G2/M and induces DNA double-strand breaks, thus triggering apoptotic cell death. Since the radiosensitizing effect was completely abolished in the presence of the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), we assume that the TPP-PEG4-FeAuNP-induced apoptosis is mediated via an increased production of ROS.
Transcriptome Mechanisms of Tomato Seedlings Induced by Low-Red to Far-Red Light Ratio under Calcium Nitrate Stress

In recent times, the excessive accumulation of nitrate has been one of the main reasons for the secondary salinization of greenhouse soils. Light plays a key role in a plant’s growth, development, and response to stress. A low-red to far-red (R:FR) light ratio could enhance plant salinity tolerance, but the mechanism at a molecular level is unclear. Thus, we analyzed the transcriptome responses of tomato seedlings to calcium nitrate stress under either a low R:FR ratio (0.7) or normal light conditions. Under calcium nitrate stress, a low R:FR ratio enhanced both the antioxidant defense system and the rapid physiological accumulation of proline in tomato leaves, which promoted plant adaptability. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), three modules including 368 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined to be significantly associated with these plant traits. Functional annotations showed that the responses of these DEGs to a low R:FR ratio under excessive nitrate stress were enriched in the areas of hormone signal transduction, amino acid biosynthesis, sulfide metabolism, and oxidoreductase activity. Furthermore, we identified important novel hub genes encoding certain proteins, including FBNs, SULTRs, and GATA-like transcription factor, which may play a vital role in low R:FR light-induced salt responses. These findings offer a new perspective on the mechanisms and environmental implications behind low R:FR ratio light-modulated tomato saline tolerance.
Laboratory Detection and Pure Rotational Spectrum of AlSH (X̃ 1A')

The pure rotational spectrum of AlSH (X̃ 1A') has been recorded using millimeter and submillimeter direct absorption techniques. Measurements of its deuterium isotopomer have been recorded as well. This study is the first laboratory detection of this molecule, which was created by the reaction of aluminum vapor and H2S. Nine and seven rotational transitions of AlSH and AlSD were measured, respectively, each consisting of Ka = 0 through Ka = 6 asymmetry components. From these data, rotational constants have been established. Calculation of an r0 structure indicates that AlSH is bent with an angle near 90°. These measurements will enable searches for AlSH to be carried out in circumstellar gas, where aluminum-bearing molecules, as well as H2S, are present.
Parameter Extraction of Solar Photovoltaic Cell and Module Models with Metaheuristic Algorithms: A Review

As the photovoltaic (PV) market share continues to increase, accurate PV modeling will have a massive impact on the future energy landscape. Therefore, it is imperative to convert difficult-to-understand PV systems into understandable mathematical models through equivalent PV models. However, the multi-peaked, non-linear, and strongly coupled characteristics of PV models make it challenging to extract accurate parameters of PV models. Metaheuristics can address these challenges effectively regardless of gradients and function forms, and have gained increasing attention in solving this issue. This review surveys different metaheuristics to the PV model parameter extraction and explains multiple algorithms’ behavior. Some frequently used performance indicators to measure the effectiveness, robustness, accuracy, competitiveness, and resources consumed are tabulated and compared, and then the merits and demerits of different algorithms are outlined. The patterns of variation in the results extracted from different external environments were analyzed, and the corresponding literature was summarized. Then, challenges for both metaheuristics and application scenarios are analyzed. Finally, corresponding perspectives on future research are summarized as a valid reference for technological advances in PV model parameter extraction.
Coordinative Management of Soil Resources and Agricultural Farmland Environment for Food Security and Sustainable Development in China

Major problems in China’s pursuit of sustainable agricultural development include inadequate, low-quality soil and water resources, imbalanced regional allocation and unreasonable utilization of resources. In some regions, overexploitation of soil resources and excessive use of chemicals triggered a web of unforeseen consequences, including insufficient use of agricultural resources, agricultural non-point source pollution and land degradation. In the past decade, China has changed its path of agricultural development from an output-oriented one to a modern, sustainable one with agricultural ecological civilization as its goal. First, the government has formulated and improved its laws and regulations on soil resources and the environment. Second, the government has conducted serious actions to ensure food safety and coordinated management of agricultural resources. Third, the government has planned to establish national agricultural high-tech industry demonstration zones based on regional features to strengthen the connection among the government, agri-businesses, scientific community and the farming community. As the next step, the government should improve the system for ecological and environmental regulation and set up a feasible eco-incentive mechanism. At the same time, the scientific community should strengthen the innovation of bottleneck technologies and the development of whole solutions for sustainable management in ecologically fragile regions. This will enhance the alignment between policy mechanisms and technology modes and effectively promote the sustainable development of agriculture in China.
The theory-method-link in Erving Goffman’s sociology of the interaction order

Kryzysy społeczne zwracają uwagę na kruchość i tymczasowość życia codziennego. Wywołuje to nie tylko rozdrażnienie, niepewność i lęk wśród aktorów społecznych, lecz wydobywa również na światło dzienne reguły porządku społecznego, które do tej pory spełniały swą powinność działając niezauważalnie dla aktorów społecznych. Zwłaszcza ograniczenia fizycznej współobecności podczas pandemii COVID-19 wywołały ponowne zainteresowanie znaczeniem i aktualnością porządku interakcyjnego obserwowanego i opisanego przez Ervinga Goffmana. Co dzieje się z rytuałami porządku interakcyjnego, gdy spotykanie się z innymi osobami jest w coraz mniejszym stopniu uzależnione od fizycznej obecności? I jakie są implikacje tych zmian dla „Ja" w dobie obecności cyfrowej? Czerpiąc z jednej strony z George'a Herberta Meada i Charlesa Hortona Cooleya, a z drugiej z etnograficznych badań terenowych i obserwacji uczestniczącej, w artykule przedstawiony i omówiony zostaje teoretyczny i metodologiczny kamień węgielny socjologii Goffmana. Przedstawione są ponadto argumenty na rzecz tezy, iż kluczowe dla ciągłej przydatności Goffmanowskiego porządku interakcyjnego, nie tylko dla badania działań społecznych w mediach cyfrowych, są nierozerwalne związki między właściwymi dla tej perspektywy założeniami teoretycznymi oraz szczególną koncepcją i praktyką badań empirycznych.Alternate :Social crises draw attention to the fragility and temporary nature of everyday life. This not only triggers irritations, uncertainties and fears among the actors but also brings to light the rules of social order that have hitherto quietly and dutifully performed their services behind their backs. In particular, the restrictions on physical co-presence during the Corona pandemic have sparked renewed interest in the relevance and currency of the interactional order observed and described by Erving Goffman. What happens to the rituals of the interaction order when social encounters are less and less restricted to physical co-presence? And what are the implications of these changes for the self in the age of digital presence? Drawing on George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley on the one hand and ethnographic fieldwork and participant observation on the other, a theoretical and methodological cornerstone of Goffmanian sociology is presented and discussed. It is argued that the indissoluble links between specific theoretical assumptions and a particular conception and practice of empirical research are crucial for the continuing relevance of Goffman's interaction order, not least for the study of social action in digital media.
Immunological and Bacteriological Monitoring of Periodontal Tissue in Pregnancy

We determine periodontal pathogens in periodontal pockets from pregnant women with periodontitis and associate it to the C reactive protein (CRP), nitrates, immunoglobulin A and G (Ig A and G), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in saliva to identify some biomarkers as tools to predict the periodontal status from pregnant. The samples were obtained from periodontal pockets and saliva from 100 pregnant women (PW) and 50 non-pregnant women (NPW). Every patient was evaluated by: 1) probing depth (PD) and loss of clinical attachment level (CAL); 2) in saliva; CRP, MPO, Ig A and G) and nitrite concentrations, 3) in periodontal pockets: P.gingivalis, T.forsythia, T.denticola, P.intermedia, A.actinomycetemcomitans. InfoStat/P 2008 software was used with a p-value <0.05. Clinical parameters showed stages I and II of PD in both groups. P.intermedia and A.actinomycetemcomitans were observed only in periodontal pockets from PW. The CAL was higher in pregnant of the 3rd trimester than in the other stages and was associated with low levels of IgA and the presence of P.intermedia and T. forsythia in the same trimester. The levels of IgA in saliva would reflect the immunological situation in pregnant women. This could be used to monitor the immune status of the gingival tissues during pregnancy.
Fabrication of Phase Only Binary Blazed Grating with Subwavelength Structures Designed by Deterministic Method Based on Electromagnetic Analysis

A binary blazed grating with subwavelength structures for multilevel phase modulation can be designed by our previously proposed deterministic method based on electromagnetic analysis without any iterative optimization. On the other hand, this design method does not focus on the influence of the fabrication process, however, the fabrication of different neighbor binary subwavelength microstructures under a uniform condition has the potential to cause various defects. In this study, we investigate the influence of defects due to the fabrication process by fabricating a binary blazed grating with subwavelength structures designed using the design method. The decrease in the diffraction efficiency of the fabricated binary blazed grating with subwavelength structures is less than several percent and is within the allowable range.
In situ imaging of polymer melt spreading with a high-temperature atomic force microscope

We have developed a method of imaging at high temperatures with atomic force microscopy using a laser to deliver heat to an area localized around the AFM tip–sample junction. We couple approximately 75 mW from an argon-ion laser into the active region to raise the temperature of a 100 nm gold film to around 225 °C. As a sample, we use 1.2 μm polystyrene spheres adsorbed onto the film. We image the flow of these spheres, in situ, over the course of an hour. The dynamics of the polymer spreading is shown to be consistent with the dry spreading of a precursor film.
A note on the direct sum decomposition of two-dimensional behaviors

In this paper, the possibility of obtaining certain direct sum decompositions, for a given complete two-dimensional behavior, are investigated and proved to be equivalent to the zero skew-primeness property of suitable matrix pairs. Some known decomposition theorems for two-dimensional complete behaviors are later obtained as simple corollaries of this general result.
Prediction of Putative Epitope Peptides against BaeR Associated with TCS Adaptation in Acinetobacter baumannii Using an In Silico Approach

Background and Objectives: The BaeR protein is involved in the adaptation system of A. baumannii and is associated with virulence factors responsible for systemic infections in hospitalized patients. This study was conducted to characterize putative epitope peptides for the design of vaccines against BaeR protein, using an immune-informatic approach. Materials and Methods: FASTA sequences of BaeR from five different strains of A. baumannii were retrieved from the UNIPROT database and evaluated for their antigenicity, allergenicity and vaccine properties using BepiPred, Vaxijen, AlgPred, AntigenPro and SolPro. Their physio-chemical properties were assessed using the Expasy Protparam server. Immuno-dominant B-cell and T-cell epitope peptides were predicted using the IEDB database and MHC cluster server with a final assessment of their interactions with TLR-2. Results: A final selection of two peptide sequences (36aa and 22aa) was made from the 38 antigenic peptides. E1 was considered a soluble, non-allergenic antigen, and possessed negative GRAVY values, substantiating the hydrophilic nature of the proteins. Further analysis on the T-cell epitopes, class I immunogenicity and HLA allele frequencies yielded T-cell immuno-dominant peptides. The protein–peptide interactions of the TLR-2 receptor showed good similarity scores in terms of the high number of hydrogen bonds compared to other protein-peptide interactions. Conclusions: The two epitopes predicted from BaeR in the present investigation are promising vaccine candidates for targeting the TCS of A. baumannii in systemic and nosocomial infections. This study also demonstrates an alternative strategy to tackling and mitigating MDR strains of A. baumannii and provides a useful reference for the design and construction of novel vaccine candidates against this bacteria.
Influence of porosity on the critical currents of trifluoroacetate-MOD YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ films

The influence of porosity on the superconducting properties have been investigated on YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ thin films deposited on LaAlO/sub 3/ [100] substrates by the so-called Trifluoroacetate (TFA) route. Micro-Raman spectroscopy have been used to determine the concentration of c-axis grains /spl delta/ in different samples and their influence on the final film porosity as observed from SEM imaging. This has been compared with measurements of resistivity and critical currents in the same samples. We prove that this /spl delta/ fraction is the main parameter controlling the porosity and hence the normal-state resistivity of the thin films. The optimization of the microstructure of these YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ TFA films allow to have high critical currents : J/sub c/ = 3 /spl times/ 10/sup 6/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 77 K.
Characterizing the Solar Activity Using the Visibility Graph Method

In this paper, the Sun and its behavior are studied by means of complex networks. The complex network was built using the Visibility Graph algorithm. This method maps time series into graphs in which every element of the time series is considered as a node and a visibility criterion is defined in order to connect them. Using this method, we construct complex networks for magnetic field and sunspots time series encompassing four solar cycles, and various measures such as degree, clustering coefficient, mean path length, betweenness centrality, eigenvector centrality and decay exponents were calculated. In order to study the system in several time scales, we perform both a global, where the network contains information on the four solar cycles, and a local analysis, involving moving windows. Some metrics correlate with solar activity, while others do not. Interestingly, those metric which seem to respond to varying levels of solar activity in the global analysis, also do in the moving windows analysis. Our results suggest that complex networks can provide a useful way to follow solar activity, and reveal new features on solar cycles.
Optimized border irrigation delays winter wheat flag leaf senescence and promotes grain filling

Border irrigation is still the main irrigation method in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China (HPC), and the suitable irrigation border length for water saving and high yield under traditional irrigation is still unclear. Therefore, a 2-year traditional border irrigation experiment (2017–2019) was conducted on the HPC. Four border lengths were tested: 20 m (L20), 30 m (L30), 40 m (L40), and 50 m (L50). These treatments were given supplementary irrigation at jointing and anthesis. An exclusively rainfed condition formed the control treatment. Compared with other treatments, the activities of superoxide dismutase antioxidant and sucrose phosphate synthetase, and the contents of sucrose and soluble proteins after anthesis were higher in the L40 and L50 treatments, while the content of malondialdehyde content was lower. Therefore, the L40 treatment effectively delayed the decrease in the soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, promoted grain filling, and achieved the highest thousand-grain weight. Compared with the L40 treatment, the grain yields of the L20 and L30 treatment were significantly reduced, while the water productivity of the L50 treatment was significantly reduced. These findings suggest that 40 m was the optimal border length for both high yield and water saving in this experiment. This study provides a simple and low-cost water-saving irrigation method for winter wheat in the HPC under traditional irrigation, which can help alleviate the pressure of agricultural water use.
VSCT algorithm for graph partitioning based on volume, size, cuts and time

Dealing with large-scale graphs requires an efficient graph partitioner that produces balanced partitions with fewer cut edges/vertices in a reasonable amount of time. Despite several algorithms that have been proposed, it is still insufficient. Even with the continuous growth of graph volume, they do not consider the graph volume during graph partitioning. Therefore, these algorithms generate an imbalanced workload. We propose a graph partitioner algorithm VSCT based essentially on four key metrics: Volume, Size, Cuts, and Time to maintain high-quality graph partitioning. Using real-world datasets, we show that VSCT performs an efficient partitioning quality against the existing graph partitioning algorithms.
Simultaneous measurements of fluorescence lifetimes, anisotropy, and FRAP recovery curves

We present fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and fluorescence anisotropy imaging along with translational diffusion measurements of living cells labelled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) recorded in a single experiment. The experimental set-up allows for time and polarization-resolved fluorescence images to be measured in every frame of a fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) series. We have validated the method using rhodamine 123 in homogeneous solution prior to measurements of living A431 cells labelled with cdc42-GFP, for which the FRAP recovery exhibits an immobile fraction and the rotational mobility of the protein is hindered while the fluorescence lifetime fairly homogeneous across the cell. By eliminating the need for sequential measurements to extract fluorescence lifetimes and molecular diffusion coefficients we remove artefacts arising from changes in sample morphology and excessive photobleaching during sequential experiments.
ß-Adrenoreceptors in Human Cancers

Cancer is the leading cause of death and represents a significant economic burden worldwide. The numbers are constantly growing as a result of increasing life expectancy, toxic environmental factors, and adoption of Western lifestyle. Among lifestyle factors, stress and the related signaling pathways have recently been implicated in the development of tumors. Here we present some epidemiological and preclinical data concerning stress-related activation of the ß-adrenoreceptors (ß-ARs), which contributes to the formation, sequential transformation, and migration of different tumor cell types. We focused our survey on research results for breast and lung cancer, melanoma, and gliomas published in the past five years. Based on the converging evidence, we present a conceptual framework of how cancer cells hijack a physiological mechanism involving ß-ARs toward a positive modulation of their own survival. In addition, we also highlight the potential contribution of ß-AR activation to tumorigenesis and metastasis formation. Finally, we outline the antitumor effects of targeting the ß-adrenergic signaling pathways, methods for which primarily include repurposed ß-blocker drugs. However, we also call attention to the emerging (though as yet largely explorative) method of chemogenetics, which has a great potential in suppressing tumor growth either by selectively modulating neuronal cell groups involved in stress responses affecting cancer cells or by directly manipulating specific (e.g., the ß-AR) receptors on a tumor and its microenvironment.