Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of space-time energy spectra in turbulent Shear flows

An energy spectrum is preliminarily characterized by its mean and standard deviation. In this study, we derive exact expressions for the means and bandwidths of space-time energy spectra at fixed frequencies. The mean wave numbers are used to determine the phase velocities that bridge from temporal spectra to space-time spectra. The bandwidths are used to measure the well-known spectral broadening. We show that phase velocities alone are insufficient to determine the bandwidths of energy spectra. As a result, the cross-spectral method predicts narrower bandwidths of energy spectra. Therefore, in addition to phase velocities, amplitudes are used to rescale the space-time energy spectra, leading to the correct bandwidths. Existing data from direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flows validate the rescaling approach.
The interplay of postsecondary science educators’ problems of practice and competencies: informing better intervention designs

Abstract Research has focused on identifying and overcoming determinants that impede widespread adoption of instructional interventions, with little empirical examination of postsecondary educators’ perceptions about these interventions. We explored postsecondary biology educators’ sensemaking of education improvement interventions targeting undergraduate level teaching practices at three research universities in North America. We report that educators’ sensemaking regarding interventions is situated at the intersection of their felt problems of practice and professional competencies, or what collectively might be labeled postsecondary biology educators’ focal practices, that we explore in turn. These include findings not previously identified in the literature of the choices faculty make concerning interventions they select to engage with and practice revisions they engage in. Towards encouraging more educators perceiving interventions as affordances for teaching improvement, we propose that designers of future education improvement interventions keep in mind the interplay of such perceived contextual and competency-based affordances when designing intervention features.
Selected results in combinatorics and graph theory

This dissertation is comprised of four different sets of combinatorial results which employ various graph-theoretic techniques. The first set of results is concerned with the number of independent sets in a graph; the second set of results develops a method for creating combinatorial designs from certain classes of graphs; the third set of results is concerned with the existence of alternating cycles in edge-colored graphs; and the fourth set of results guarantees the existence of Hamiltonian cycles in sparse pseudorandom bipartite graphs.
Comparison of clinical and histopathological features of patients who underwent incidental or emergency appendectomy

BACKGROUND Incidental appendectomy can be defined as the removal of a clinically normal appendix during another surgical procedure unrelated to appendicitis or other appendicular diseases. AIM To compare the demographic, biochemical, and histopathological features of the patients who underwent incidental and standard appendectomy. METHODS The demographic, biochemical, and histopathological data of 72 patients (Incidental App group) who underwent incidental appendectomy during living donor hepatectomy at our Liver Transplant Center between June 2009 and December 2016 were compared with data of 288 patients (Acute App group) who underwent appendectomy for presumed acute appendicitis. The Incidental App group was matched at random in a 1:4 ratio with the Acute App group in the same time frame. Appendectomy specimens of both groups were re-evaluated by two experienced pathologists. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found between groups in terms of age (P = 0.044), white blood cell count (P < 0.001), neutrophil (P < 0.001), lymphocyte (P < 0.001), red cell distribution width (P = 0.036), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (P = 0.001), bilirubin (P = 0.002), appendix width (P < 0.001), and presence of acute appendicitis histopathologically (P < 0.001). However, no statistically significant differences were found between groups in terms of gender, platelet, mean platelet volume, mean corpuscular volume, platelet distribution width, appendix length. While the most common histopathological findings in the Incidental App group were normal appendix vermiformis (72.2%), fibrous obliteration (9.7%) and acute appendicitis (6.9%), the most common histopathological findings in the Acute App group were non-perforated acute appendicitis (62.8%), perforated appendicitis (16.7%), lymphoid hyperplasia (8.3%), and appendix vermiformis (6.3%). CONCLUSION Careful inspection of the entire abdominal cavity is useful for patients undergoing major abdominal surgery such as donor hepatectomy. We think that experience is parallel to the surgeon’s foresight, and we should not hesitate to perform incidental appendectomy when necessary
Perceptual cues in nonverbal vocal expressions of emotion

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Think Global and Act Local: Bayesian Optimisation over High-Dimensional Categorical and Mixed Search Spaces

Gaussian processes We consider a GP surrogate model for a black-box function f which takes an input z = [h,x] and returns an output y = f(z) + where ∼ N (0, σ2). Here, the input includes a continuous variable x and a categorical variable h. A GP defines a probability distribution over functions f under the assumption that any finite subset {(zi, f(zi)} follows a normal distribution (Rasmussen, 2006). Formally, a GP is denoted as f(z) ∼ GP (m (z) , k (z, z′)), where m (z) and k (z, z′) are called the mean and covariance functions respectively, i.e. m(z) = E [f (z)] and k(z, z′) = E [ (f (z)−m (z))(f (z′)−m (z′))T ] . The covariance function (kernel) k(z, z′) can be thought of as a similarity measure relating f(z) and f(z′). There have been various proposed kernels which encode different prior beliefs about the function f(z), typically in the continuous space. Popular choices include the Square Exponential kernel, the Matérn kernel (Rasmussen, 2006).
Structural competency: A pilot study.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is the use of structural competency (SC) as a tool to broaden the view of nursing students beyond individual, behavioral, biological, and cultural frameworks to encompass the structural determinants of health. DESIGN This mixed-methods pilot study consists of a concurrent nested strategy in which close-ended, forced-choice questions are the drivers while open-ended questions are embedded therein. SAMPLE The sample consists of second-year doctor of nursing practice students. MEASURES The short-term impact is measured through the use of a survey tool. INTERVENTION The 3-hr SC educational module focuses on six learning objectives: knowledge of structural terms, identifying SC effects on population and patient health; strategizing responses to these influences, student readiness to create change at the individual, organizational, and systems-level, identifying needed tools, and assessing empowerment and burnout. RESULTS Students understand structural terms and are willing to create systemic change but lack necessary tools which may result in burnout. CONCLUSIONS Careful thought about curricula incorporating SC and skills to offset the potential impact of burnout is needed.
Powers of Positive Matrices

In 1907, Oskar Perron proved a beautiful theorem about powers of positive matrices. This theorem is not just of theoretical interest, but has, as we shall see, a number of important applications. Surprisingly, this result is often omitted from courses and texts in undergraduate linear algebra. The aim of this paper is to give an elementary proof of the result. But first, we begin with an example to help guide our intuition. A matrix with real entries is called positive if all its entries are positive. We will look at powers of a positive matrix and show a remarkable result concerning limits as the power gets larger. To illustrate we begin with an example. Consider
The mean electro-motive force and current helicity under the influence of rotation , magnetic field and shear

The mean electro-motive force and current helicity under the influence of rotation, magnetic field and shear. Abstract The expressions for the mean electromotive force (MEMF) are derived for the case of the stratified magnetohydrodynamical turbulence that is subjected to the influence of rotation, large-scale magnetic field (LSMF) and shear. The derivations were made in the framework of mean-field magnetohydrodynamics. The effect of turbulent flows and fluctuating magnetic fields on the evolution of the large-scale fields is computed within the so-called " minimal tau-approximation " (MTA). The influence of the large-scale fields such as rotation, LSMF and uniform shear (differential rotation) on the different parts of the MEMF (such as α-effect, turbulent diffusion, turbulent transport, etc.) is explicitly defined via factors describing the efficiency of influence of rotation and LSMF on the turbulent flows. Whenever possible we make comparison with results obtained earlier within the second order correlation approximation (SOCA). In computing the MEMF we take into account the influence of the helical magnetic fluctuations which stem from the small-scale dynamo. The influence of these kind of magnetic fluctuations to LSMF evolution is strongly dependent on the amount of magnetic helicity in the turbulence. In the paper, following the approach given in (Brandenburg and Subramanian, 2005; Subramanian and Brandenburg, 2004), we derive the equation for evolution of the current helicity. It is shown that the joint effect of the differential rotation and magnetic fluctuations in the stratified media can be responsible for the generation, maintenance and redistribution of the current helicity. The implication of the obtained results to the solar and stellar dynamos is considered as well.
UniT: Multimodal Multitask Learning with a Uniﬁed Transformer (Supplementary Material)

Unused parameters in the optimizer. Some parameters in our model (e.g. the task-specific output heads) are only used on a subset of tasks and datasets. During development, we first tried updating all parameters in the model during training even if some parameters were not used in the forward pass of a batch and their gradients remained zero. However, we empirically found that this strategy sometimes caused the training to diverge. On the other hand, the alternative strategy of skipping optimizer updates (including momentum accumulation) on unused parameters in a batch with zero gradients provides more stable training – however, in some cases, this alternative training strategy yields slightly lower scores (e.g. −0.2% lower accuracy on VQAv2). When jointly training on COCO detection, VG detection, and VQAv2 with a shared decoder (Sec. 4.1 in the main paper), divergence happens if we update unused parameters in the optimizer, where the VQA accuracy stays around 25%. The divergence might be related to a high overall sampling probability on detection (0.667), such that the detection gradients dominate the model. We find that the alternative strategy (skipping unused parameters in optimizer) allows
An investigation of a finite volume method incorporating radial basis functions for simulating nonlinear transport

The objective of this PhD research programme is to investigate the effectiveness of a finite volume method incorporating radial basis functions for simulating nonlinear transport processes. The finite volume method is the favoured numerical technique for solving the advection-diffusion equations that arise in transport simulation. The method transforms the original problem into a system of nonlinear, algebraic equations through the process of discretisation. The accuracy of this discretisation determines to a large extent the accuracy of the final solution. A new method of discretisation is presented that employs radial basis functions (rbfs) as a means of local interpolation. When combined with Gaussian quadrature integration methods, the resulting finite volume discretisation leads to accurate numerical solutions without the need for very fine meshes, and the additional overheads they entail. The resulting nonlinear, algebraic system is solved efficiently using a Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov method. By employing the new method as an extension of existing shape function-based approaches, the number of nonlinear iterations required to obtain convergence can be reduced. Furthermore, information obtained from these iterations can be used to increase the efficiency of subsequent rbf-based iterations, as well as to construct an effective parallel reconditioner to further reduce the number of nonlinear iterations required. Results are presented that demonstrate the improved accuracy offered by the new method when applied to several test problems. By successively refining the meshes, it is also possible to demonstrate the increased order of the new method, when compared to a traditional shape function basedmethod. Comparing the resources required for both methods reveals that the new approach can be many times more efficient at producing a solution of a given accuracy.
Moderate ‐ to ‐ Vigorous Physical Activity With Accelerometry is Associated With Visceral Adipose Tissue in Adults

Citation Murabito, Joanne M. , Alison Pedley, Joseph M. Massaro, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Dale Esliger, Susan J. Blease, Udo Hoffman, and Caroline S. Fox. 2015. “Moderate‐to‐Vigorous Physical Activity With Accelerometry is Associated With Visceral Adipose Tissue in Adults. ” Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease 4 (3): e001379. doi:10.1161/JAHA.114. 001379. http://dx.doi. org/10.1161/JAHA.114. 001379.
Statistical inferences of Rs;k = Pr(Xk-s+1:k > Y ) for general class of exponentiated inverted exponential distribution with progressively type-II censored samples with uniformly distributed random removal

The problem of statistical inference of the reliability parameter Pr(Xk-s+1:k > Y ) of an s-out-of-k : G system with strength components X1,X2,…,Xk subjected to a common stress Y when X and Y are independent two-parameter general class of exponentiated inverted exponential (GCEIE) progressively type-II right censored data with uniformly random removal random variables, are discussed. We use p-value as a basis for hypothesis testing. There are no exact or approximate inferential procedures for reliability of a multicomponent stress-strength model from the GCEIE based on the progressively type-II right censored data with random or fixed removals available in the literature. Simulation studies and real-world data analyses are given to illustrate the proposed procedures. The size of the test, adjusted and unadjusted power of the test, coverage probability and expected confidence lengths of the confidence interval, and biases of the estimator are also discussed.
REVISTA DE CONTABILIDAD SPANISH ACCOUNTING REVIEW

In recent years, different non-financial information models have arisen, both in the private and public sectors, trying to complete the traditional financial reports prepared by companies and public administrations. The fundamental objective of these models has been to satisfy the interest of the stakeholders, which goes beyond the numbers included in the balance sheet and the income statement. In the case of the public sector, this is coupled with the discontent and distrust of citizens towards politicians and administrators of institutions, which makes it necessary to emphasize tools and strategies that can improve the transparency and accountability of administrations and restore citizen trust. Therefore, this article highlights the different non-financial information alternatives that have emerged in the literature, their practical application in the public sector and the opportunities that these models offer for the future. Specifically, we refer to sustainability reporting, integrated reporting, the non-financial report recently regulated for the business sector and, finally, popular reporting. ©2019 ASEPUC. Published by EDITUM Universidad de Murcia. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Códigos JEL: G34 L32 M14 M48 O38 Palabras clave: Información Integrada Información No Financiera Información Popular Informe de sostenibilidad La información no financiera en el sector público: alternativas, tendencias y oportunidades
REVISTA DE CONTABILIDAD SPANISH ACCOUNTING REVIEW

The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between the internal audit function and auditorś fees using a sample of Spanish listed companies between 2003 and 2011. We use the audit fees model that was proposed by Simunic (1980). Our results indicate that fees are greater in those companies that have an internal audit function. In addition, if there are meetings between the audit committee and the internal audit function, this is statistically significant with audit fees. This paper contributes to literature in several ways. Firstly, there are no previous papers in Spain, unlike other contexts, on the relationship between internal audit and auditor fees. Secondly, the empirical results detected in previous studies are conflicting; therefore, there is a need to complement them. Finally, the findings have practical implications for companies, external auditorś and regulatory agencies themselves. ©2018 ASEPUC. Published by EDITUM Universidad de Murcia. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
REVISTA DE CONTABILIDAD SPANISH ACCOUNTING REVIEW

This study expands our knowledge about the readability of accounting narratives, their extension and companies compliance with good governance practices. It also covers a gap in the analysis of the readability of narrative information written in Spanish. We examined the readability in Management Reports of Spanish companies listed on the Continuous Market of the Madrid Stock Exchange during the period 20102016. The results reveal that the most extensive management reports that is, those with the greatest quantities of text are the least readable and that the use of visual elements in reports helps to improve their readability. Moreover, companies that follow good governance practices issue complex information with clarity, speed, and simplicity, which improves the readability of accounting narratives. ©2021 ASEPUC. Published by EDITUM Universidad de Murcia. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Códigos JEL: M4 M40 M41 M48 G3 G38 Palabras clave: Legibilidad Índice de Fernández Huerta Prácticas de buen gobierno Informe de gestión Información no financiera Información narrativa La legibilidad en los informes de gestión: extensión y buenas prácticas de gobierno corporativo
Esaim: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis High Order Semi-lagrangian Particle Methods for Transport Equations: Numerical Analysis and Implementation Issues

This paper is devoted to the definition, analysis and implementation of semi-Lagrangian methods as they result from particle methods combined with remeshing. We give a complete consistency analysis of these methods, based on the regularity and momentum properties of the remeshing kernels, and a stability analysis of a large class of second and fourth order methods. This analysis is supplemented by numerical illustrations. We also describe a general approach to implement these methods in the context of hybrid computing and investigate their performance on GPU processors as a function of their order of accuracy.
Automated Verification of Shape , Size and Bag Properties via Separation Logic

Despite their popularity and importance, pointer-based programs remain a major challenge for program verification. In this paper, we propose an automated verification system that is concise, precise and expressive for ensuring the safety of pointer-based programs. Our approach supports user-definable shape predicates that allow programmers to describe a wide range of data structures with their associated size and bag properties. We design a new procedure for entailment that allows these inductive predicates to be automatically handled using unfold/fold reasoning. To improve expressivity, we support a non-deterministic set of states for proof search, intersection types for methods and coercion rules for related shape predicates. We have proven the soundness and termination of our verification system, and have built a prototype system.
The dirt in astronomy's genie lamp: ThO contamination of Th-Ar calibration lamps

Thorium-Argon hollow cathode lamps are commonly used as wavelength calibration lamps for high-resolution astronomical spectrographs (e.g. the European Southern Observatory’s (ESO) High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) and Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES)). They have been instrumental in supporting high precision work such as the search for extra-solar planets using the radial-velocity method. However, several years ago astronomers found that the quality of commercial Th-Ar lamps had deteriorated, when new lamps showed a “forest” of lines at low intensity levels obscuring faint atomic thorium lines rendering them useless for wavelength calibration in some regions. Based on information provided by the manufacturers the presence of molecular emission from thorium oxides has been suspected as the likely cause of this problem. We have now conclusively identified the observed emission bands as being due to strong molecular bands of ThO, confirming the source of the contamination of the hollow cathode lamps. We have recorded spectra of new Th-Ar lamps showing contamination using the high-resolution echelle spectrograph at the University of Wisconsin and ESO’s new Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanets and Stable Spectroscopic Observations (ESPRESSO) spectrograph in order to determine the positions of the ThO lines. We shall present our initial analyses of these spectra, describing the wavelength regions most affected, their dependence on the lamp current, and measurements of the ThO line positions.
Resizing or Scaling Image from Small Image to Enlarge Image Using Bilinear Interpolation Algorithm, Median Filter Algorithm, and Unsharp Masking Algorithm

An image (from Latin: imago) is an artifact, for example a two-dimensional picture, that has a similar appearance to some subject—usually a physical object or a person. In the programming language an image recognized as a collection data consisting of bit. Every bit represents color from image. When playing with bit inside the picture's color, usually there are some problems one of the problem which mostly happens in a picture is the scaling of the images. When image become larger many pixel which become larger too, in the other hand that pixel contain bit of color that make image become bad. Because image becomes bad after resizing, so that needs to recover bit of color in that picture