Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Height bounds and the Siegel property

Let $G$ be a reductive group defined over $\mathbb{Q}$ and let $\mathfrak{S}$ be a Siegel set in $G(\mathbb{R})$. The Siegel property tells us that there are only finitely many $\gamma \in G(\mathbb{Q})$ of bounded determinant and denominator for which the translate $\gamma. \mathfrak{S}$ intersects $\mathfrak{S}$. We prove a bound for the height of these $\gamma$ which is polynomial with respect to the determinant and denominator. The bound generalises a result of Habegger and Pila dealing with the case of $GL_2$, and has applications to the Zilber-Pink conjecture on unlikely intersections in Shimura varieties. In addition we prove that if $H$ is a subset of $G$, then every Siegel set for $H$ is contained in a finite union of $G(\mathbb{Q})$-translates of a Siegel set for $G$.
A study of 4C 13.66 - the final identification and redshift for the revised 3C sample

We use new optical and near-infrared data to identify the radio source 4C 13.66 with a K = 18.2 galaxy at z = 1.45, and use new radio images to study its relatively unusual radio structure. Prior to this work 4C 13.66 was the only radio source out of 173 in the revised 3C sample of Laing, Riley & Longair without a spectroscopic redshift. We discuss the vital role of near-infrared spectroscopy in securing the final redshift for this sample.
The Rest-Frame Darwin Potential from the Lienard–Wiechert Solution in the Radiation Gauge

Abstract In the semiclassical approximation in which the electric charges of scalar particles are described by Grassmann variables (Q2i=0, QiQj≠0), it is possible to re-express the Lienard–Wiechert potentials and electric fields in the radiation gauge as phase space functions, because the difference among retarded, advanced, and symmetric Green functions is of order Q2i. By working in the rest-frame instant form of dynamics, the elimination of the electromagnetic degrees of freedom by means of suitable second classs contraints leads to the identification of the Lienard–Wiechert reduced phase space containing only N charged particles with mutual action-at-a-distance vector and scalar potentials. A Darboux canonical basis of the reduced phase space is found. This allows one to re-express the potentials for arbitrary N as a unique effective scalar potential containing the Coulomb potential and the complete Darwin one, whose 1/c2 component agrees with the known expression. The effective potential gives the classical analogue of all static and non-static effects of the one-photon exchange Feynman diagram of scalar electrodynamics.
Computerized pulsed‐ultrasound techniques for the measurement of lingual, laryngeal, and lateral pharyngeal wall movements

Keller and Ostry (J. Acoust. Soc. Am., in press) described a microcomputer‐based system for the measurement of tongue dorsum movements with pulsed‐echo ultrasound. We have recently completed an upgrade of this system to provide facilities for (1) simultaneous ultrasound measurement of any two of lingual, larygeal, and lateral pharyngeal wall movements, (2) the transduction of jaw movements and force. (3) concurrent EMG sampling, and (4) acoustic sampling at rates up to 7 kHz. The presentation focuses on the pulsed‐ultrasound recording, display, and analysis techniques. The transducer placement procedures for tongue dorsum, vocal folds, and lateral pharyngeal wall are described and several examples of simultaneous recordings are presented. Data analysis techniques involving separate application of natural cubic spline functions to each of the records are also presented and an iterative procedure for optimizing goodness of fit of the spline functions is described.
Microfluidic SIW-Based Tunable Self-Diplexing Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Band Applications

This work introduces a novel frequency tunable self-diplexing antenna (SDA) design based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. A modified A-shaped slot is employed on the cavity’s top plane, which is excited by two independent <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$50~\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> microstrip feed lines to operate at each resonant frequency. The frequency flexibility of the proposed antenna allows for fine-tuning at each resonance frequency. The frequency flexibility has been achieved by employing the substrate’s air- and liquid-filled pockets. The proposed antenna can be configured to operate in the 3.5-3.8 GHz and 5.53-6.2 GHz bands, as demonstrated by the simulation results. With distilled water-filled pockets, the proposed antenna offers peak gains of 5.04 dBi and 5.26 dBi. The proposed SDA exhibits competitive features such as a highly compact size of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.22\lambda _{g} ^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and high isolation (>27dB), which makes it suitable for handheld communication devices. The simulated and measured circuit responses are in good agreement.
3D imaging of cone photoreceptors over extended time periods using optical coherence tomography with adaptive optics

Optical coherence tomography with adaptive optics (AO-OCT) is a highly sensitive, noninvasive method for 3D imaging of the microscopic retina. The purpose of this study is to advance AO-OCT technology by enabling repeated imaging of cone photoreceptors over extended periods of time (days). This sort of longitudinal imaging permits monitoring of 3D cone dynamics in both normal and diseased eyes, in particular the physiological processes of disc renewal and phagocytosis, which are disrupted by retinal diseases such as age related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. For this study, the existing AO-OCT system at Indiana underwent several major hardware and software improvements to optimize system performance for 4D cone imaging. First, ultrahigh speed imaging was realized using a Basler Sprint camera. Second, a light source with adjustable spectrum was realized by integration of an Integral laser (Femto Lasers, λc=800nm, ▵λ=160nm) and spectral filters in the source arm. For cone imaging, we used a bandpass filter with λc=809nm and ▵λ=81nm (2.6 μm nominal axial resolution in tissue, and 167 KHz A-line rate using 1,408 px), which reduced the impact of eye motion compared to previous AO-OCT implementations. Third, eye motion artifacts were further reduced by custom ImageJ plugins that registered (axially and laterally) the volume videos. In two subjects, cone photoreceptors were imaged and tracked over a ten day period and their reflectance and outer segment (OS) lengths measured. High-speed imaging and image registration/dewarping were found to reduce eye motion to a fraction of a cone width (1 μm root mean square). The pattern of reflections in the cones was found to change dramatically and occurred on a spatial scale well below the resolution of clinical instruments. Normalized reflectance of connecting cilia (CC) and OS posterior tip (PT) of an exemplary cone was 54±4, 47±4, 48±6, 50±5, 56±1% and 46±4, 53±4, 52±6, 50±5, 44±1% for days #1,3,6,8,10 respectively. OS length of the same cone was 28.9, 26.4, 26.4, 30.6, and 28.1 ìm for days #1,3,6,8,10 respectively. It is plausible these changes are an optical correlate of the natural process of OS renewal and shedding.
Normal form decomposition for Gaussian-to-Gaussian superoperators

In this paper we explore the set of linear maps sending the set of quantum Gaussian states into itself. These maps are in general not positive, a feature which can be exploited as a test to check whether a given quantum state belongs to the convex hull of Gaussian states (if one of the considered maps sends it into a non positive operator, the above state is certified not to belong to the set). Generalizing a result known to be valid under the assumption of complete positivity, we provide a characterization of these Gaussian-to-Gaussian (not necessarily positive) superoperators in terms of their action on the characteristic function of the inputs. For the special case of one-mode mappings we also show that any Gaussian-to-Gaussian superoperator can be expressed as a concatenation of a phase-space dilatation, followed by the action of a completely positive Gaussian channel, possibly composed with a transposition. While a similar decomposition is shown to fail in the multi-mode scenario, we prove that it still holds at least under the further hypothesis of homogeneous action on the covariance matrix.
An Improved Spatiotemporal Fusion Algorithm for Monitoring Daily Snow Cover Changes With High Spatial Resolution

Considering the tradeoff between spatial resolution and temporal resolution, spatiotemporal fusion has become a promising technique to monitor snow cover dynamics with both high spatial and temporal resolutions. The representative spatiotemporal fusion methods, e.g., spatial–temporal data fusion approach (STDFA), usually exist obvious phenomenon of spectral distortion when the surface reflectance changes nonlinearly, which affects the quality of the spatiotemporal fusion image. To address this issue, an effective STDFA-matching-Pix2pix-generative adversarial network (SMPG) algorithm combining the unmixing-based method, deep learning method, and prematching and postmatching module is proposed to reduce the spectral distortion of STDFA fusion image. The high-temporal-low-spatial (HTLS) resolution MOD09GA data and high-spatial-low-temporal resolution (HSLT) Landsat 8 data are selected in this study. An SMPG algorithm is first employed to obtain daily high-spatial-high-temporal (HSHT) images, and then, daily snow cover results with a spatial resolution of 30 m are obtained by calculating the normalized difference snow index (NDSI). The SMPG algorithm is further compared with STDFA, spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model (STARFM), Flexible Spatiotemporal DAta Fusion (FSDAF), Swin spatiotemporal fusion model (SwinSTFM), and generative adversarial network-based spatiotemporal fusion model (GAN-STFM). The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm yields better overall performance in daily spatiotemporal fusion image and snow cover result with a spatial resolution of 30 m. The mean correlation coefficient (CC) of SMPG can achieve 0.962, which is 0.06–0.36 higher than that of other spatiotemporal fusion methods. The error between the percentage of snow cover area obtained through SMPG and validation data is within 0.84%.
Optofluidic Fabry–Pérot cavity biosensor with integrated flow-through micro-/nanochannels

An optofluidic Fabry–Perot cavity label-free biosensor with integrated flow-through micro-/nanochannels is proposed and demonstrated, which takes advantages of the large surface-to-volume ratio for analyte concentration and high detection sensitivity and built-in fluidic channels for rapid analyte delivery. The operating principle is first discussed, followed by assembly of a robust sensing system. Real-time measurements are performed to test its sensing feasibility and capability including bulk solvent change and removal/binding of molecules from/onto the internal surface of fluidic channels. The results show that this sensor provides a very promising platform for rapid, sensitive, and high-throughput biological and chemical sensing.
Frozen percolation on inhomogeneous random graphs

Mean-field frozen percolation is a random graph-valued process, which adjusts the dynamics of the classical Erdos-Renyi process with an additional mechanism to 'freeze' potential giant components before they can form. It is known to exhibit self-organised criticality from a wide class of initial graphs. We show that a family of inhomogeneous random graphs with finitely-many types form a stable class under these dynamics. We study how the survival of a vertex depends on its initial type, and establish a hydrodynamic limit for the process recording surviving vertices of each type, in terms of multitype branching processes which approximate the graphs. The parameters of these branching processes are eventually critical, and their evolution in time is described by solutions to an unusual class of differential equations driven by Perron-Frobenius eigenvectors.
Local Characteristics, Entropy and Limit Theorems for Spanning Trees and Domino Tilings Via Transfer-Impedances

Let G be a finite graph or an infinite graph on which Z^d acts with finite fundamental domain. If G is finite, let T be a random spanning tree chosen uniformly from all spanning trees of G; if G is infinite, known methods show that this still makes sense, producing a random essential spanning forest of G. A method for calculating local characteristics (i.e. finite-dimensional marginals) of T from the transfer-impedance matrix is presented. This differs from the classical matrix-tree theorem in that only small pieces of the matrix (n-dimensional minors) are needed to compute small (n-dimensional) marginals. Calculation of the matrix entries relies on the calculation of the Green's function for G, which is not a local calculation. However, it is shown how the calculation of the Green's function may be reduced to a finite computation in the case when G is an infinite graph admitting a Z^d-action with finite quotient. The same computation also gives the entropy of the law of T. These results are applied to the problem of tiling certain lattices by dominos - the so-called dimer problem. Another application of these results is to prove modified versions of conjectures of Aldous on the limiting distribution of degrees of a vertex and on the local structure near a vertex of a uniform random spanning tree in a lattice whose dimension is going to infinity. Included is a generalization of moments to tree-valued random variables and criteria for these generalized moments to determine a distribution.
MAGNETOIMPEDANCE OF METALLIC FERROMAGNETIC WIRES

The ac impedance $Z=R+j\ensuremath{\omega}L$ of a metallic soft magnetic wire with periodic circular domains relevant to domain-wall displacements is calculated and compared with the classical model relevant to domain magnetization rotations (DMR). It is shown that the magnetoimpedance (MI) defined as the relative change of $|Z|$ with a longitudinal dc field ${H}_{\mathrm{dc}}$ at a fixed high frequency will have large values when the circular magnetization process is dominated by DMR. The single and double-peak $|Z|$ vs ${H}_{\mathrm{dc}}$ behaviors are explained and some experiments for studying MI of amorphous wires are proposed based on the model results.
Dual spatial constraints-based few-shot image classification

Abstract. As one of the development directions of artificial intelligence in the future, few-shot learning has attracted more and more attention in recent years. How to make full use of the information of a small amount of samples is one of the main difficulties in the field of few-shot learning. Most of the research work utilizes the meta-learning mechanism to alleviate the negative impact of insufficient samples on model performance. However, the training between subtasks also makes it difficult for meta-learning models to obtain general feature representations between samples. Therefore, researchers are turning their research perspective to supervised learning, and they have drawn a conclusion that embedding models with good performance are simpler and more effective than complex meta-learning models. Recent research work has also proved the importance of feature representation. Based on the above view points and analysis, we propose a few-shot image classification method, which strengthens the difference of samples from different categories and the similarity of samples from the same category and realizes dual constraints in high-dimensional feature space and low-dimensional feature space. Experimental results on four public datasets demonstrate that the proposed method effectively improves the accuracy of image classification with few-shot learning.
A MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRON TEMPERATURE IN THE ORION NEBULA FROM THE INTENSITY RATIO OF FORBIDDEN TRANSITIONS IN S III

The temperature dependence of the intensity ratio R = I( 9532 + 9069)! I( 6312) of three forbidden transitions within the 3p2 ground configuration of S m was calculated, and the ratio has been observed in the Orion nebula. The observed value of R = 56 i 25% leads to an electron temperature of 97000 K i 10000 K, after a reasonable reddening correction is made. This value of R is a factor of three higher than that derived from the results of previous observers, which would give Te = 1.5 X 1040 K even before correction for reddening. Comparison of the theoretical and observed intensity ratios of the lines A9069 and A9532 leads to the conclusion that telluric H2O absorption is not likely to be an explanation of the difference in observed values of R It is suggested that observations at a spectral resolution too low to separate A6300 of 0i from A6312 of S in will underestimate the value of R by about the factor noted above. Key words: nebula - electron temperature
Properties of Turbulent Alfvénic Fluctuations and Wave‐Particle Interaction Associated With Io's Footprint Tail

We investigate the small‐scale magnetic field fluctuations and their associated turbulent nature in the Io flux tube (IFT) connected to Io's footprint tail (IFPT). Our study is based on the recent magnetic field measurements by the Juno spacecraft during the PJ12 Juno flyby. Here, we are interested in understanding what type of turbulence is consistent with the fluctuations in the quasi‐dispersionless frequency range of 0.2–800 Hz as observed by Sulaiman et al. (2020), https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088432. Knowledge of the turbulent fluctuations is important to constrain the acceleration mechanisms for ions and electrons in the IFT. In this work, we suggest that the observed temporal fluctuations in the spacecraft frame correspond to Doppler‐shifted spatial fluctuation structured perpendicular to the background magnetic field. This would imply an alternative reinterpretation of the spectral index of the observed magnetic power spectral density to be potentially the result of weak‐MHD and sub‐ion scale kinetic Alfvén wave turbulence in the low‐frequency regime. Our theoretical modelings show that turbulence can be driven both in the torus region and at high‐latitudes rendering results in agreement with the Juno measurements. Calculated turbulence heating rates are consistent with observed energy fluxes in the IFT and represent efficient drivers for particle acceleration. Moreover, a widening of the IFPT structure with respect to the IFT extent is consistent with propagating dispersive Alfvén waves modified by kinetic effects on their group velocities.
A variational method for multisource remote-sensing image fusion

With the increasing availability of multisource image data from Earth observation satellites, image fusion, a technique that produces a single image which preserves major salient features from a set of different inputs, has become an important tool in the field of remote sensing since usually the complete information cannot be obtained by a single sensor. In this article, we develop a new pixel-based variational model for image fusion using gradient features. The basic assumption is that the fused image should have a gradient that is close to the most salient gradient in the multisource inputs. Meanwhile, we integrate the inputs with the average quadratic local dispersion measure for the purpose of uniform and natural perception. Furthermore, we introduce a split Bregman algorithm to implement the proposed functional more effectively. To verify the effect of the proposed method, we visually and quantitatively compare it with the conventional image fusion schemes, such as the Laplacian pyramid, morphological pyramid, and geometry-based enhancement fusion methods. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and stability of the proposed method in terms of the related fusion evaluation benchmarks. In particular, the computation efficiency of the proposed method compared with other variational methods also shows that our method is remarkable.
Strength, Frost Resistance, and Resistance to Acid Attacks on Fiber-Reinforced Concrete for Industrial Floors and Road Pavements with Steel and Polypropylene Fibers

A comparison of the effect of steel and polypropylene fibers on the strength, frost resistance, abrasion, and corrosion resistance in an acidic environment of fiber-reinforced concrete for industrial floors and road pavements was carried out. Steel fibers with a length of 50 mm and a diameter of 1 mm and polypropylene fibers with a length of 36 mm and a diameter of 0.68 mm were used. The amount of steel fiber varied from 15 to 25 kg/m3, and the amount of polypropylene fiber varied from 2 to 3 kg/m3. It has been established that steel fiber more significantly increases the concrete compressive strength, and both types of dispersed reinforcement increase the flexural strength equally by 27–34%. Also, dispersed reinforcement reduces the concrete abrasion resistance by 15–35% and increases its frost resistance by 50 cycles, which helps to improve the durability of industrial floors and road pavements. The use of steel fiber in an amount of 20 kg/m3 and polypropylene fiber in an amount of 2.5 kg/m3 also increases the concrete corrosion resistance in an acidic environment. In general, dispersed reinforcement with both fiber types has approximately the same technological effect concerning the mentioned applications. However, the use of polypropylene fibers is economically more profitable since an increase in the cost of 1 m3 of concrete with steel fiber reinforcement is from $22.5 to $37.5, and an increase in cost with polypropylene fiber is from $10 to $15.
Pricing‐based power allocation in cloud radio access network with multiple access technology selection

In this article, we consider an uplink economy‐efficient resource allocation framework in a multicellular cloud radio access network (C‐RAN) architecture with network virtualization, where a mobile network operator (MNO) interacts with a number of mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) with a predetermined business model. OFDMA and Massive MIMO multiple access technologies have been assumed to be available for each MVNO at two different prices. In this setup, we propose a multi‐access technology selection approach (MATSA) with the objective of maximizing delivered rate to end users, reducing operation costs and maximizing MVNOs' profit subject to a set of constraints, which leads to a nonconvex resource allocation problem with very high computational complexity. The utility function is defined as the difference between the total throughput and the utilization cost for each technology. To tackle this problem, we apply complementary geometric programming (CGP) and successive convex approximation (SCA), that results in a two‐step iterative solution. Simulation results demonstrate superiority of the proposed approach compared to a similar scenario with predetermined multi‐access technology, especially for large numbers of users.
The X-ray spectrum of MCG-6-30-15 and its temporal variability

Les observations par le satellite Ginga de la galaxie Seyfert de type 1 MGC-6-30-15 montrent une variabilite rapide et confirment la presence des caracteristiques spectrales decouvertes anterieurement dans les observations par EXOSAT. On montre que les donnees RX peuvent etre expliquees par un modele de disque d'accretion entourant le trou noir central dans MGC-6-30-15, au-dessus duquel existe une source de continuum optiquement mince.
From symplectic deformation to isotopy

Let $X$ be an oriented 4-manifold which does not have simple SW-type, for example a blow-up of a rational or ruled surface. We show that any two cohomologous and deformation equivalent symplectic forms on $X$ are isotopic. This implies that blow-ups of these manifolds are unique, thus extending work of Biran. We also establish uniqueness of structure for certain fibered 4-manifolds.