Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reasoning about Uncertainty in Location Identification with RFID

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is set to revolutionise industrial control as it holds the potential to simplify and make more robust the tracking of parts or part carriers through manufacture, storage, distribution and ultimately the supply chain. RFID control is based on unique RFID transponder tags being attached to parts and used to identify the part as it moves through the factory or warehouse. Although RFID dramatically simplifies the process of tracking parts, there are certain situations that can lead to uncertainty about the true location of the part. This paper looks at two such situations: a robotic storage stack and a medicine cabinet. Both cases of uncertainty are successfully resolved by using a statistical filter. This work may lend itself to extensions and generalisations using Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) models.
Mdv1p Is a Wd Repeat Protein That Interacts with the Dynamin-Related Gtpase, Dnm1p, to Trigger Mitochondrial Division

Mitochondrial fission is mediated by the dynamin-related GTPase, Dnm1p, which assembles on the mitochondrial outer membrane into punctate structures associated with sites of membrane constriction and fission. We have identified additional nuclear genes required for mitochondrial fission, termed MDV (for mitochondrial division). MDV1 encodes a predicted soluble protein, containing a coiled-coil motif and seven COOH-terminal WD repeats. Genetic and two-hybrid analyses indicate that Mdv1p interacts with Dnm1p to mediate mitochondrial fission. In addition, Mdv1p colocalizes with Dnm1p in fission-mediating punctate structures on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Whereas localization of Mdv1p to these structures requires Dnm1p, localization of Mdv1p to mitochondrial membranes does not. This indicates that Mdv1p possesses a Dnm1p-independent mitochondrial targeting signal. Dnm1p-independent targeting of Mdv1p to mitochondria requires MDV2. Our data indicate that MDV2 also functions separately to regulate the assembly of Dnm1p into punctate structures. In contrast, Mdv1p is not required for the assembly of Dnm1p, but Dnm1p-containing punctate structures lacking Mdv1p are not able to complete division. Our studies suggest that mitochondrial fission is a multi-step process in which Mdv2p regulates the assembly of Dnm1p into punctate structures and together with Mdv1p functions later during fission to facilitate Dnm1p-dependent mitochondrial membrane constriction and/or division.
A Global Optimization Approach to High-detail Reconstruction of the Head

The paper presents an approach for reconstructing head-and-shoulder portraits of people from calibrated stereo images with a high level of geometric detail. In contrast to many existing systems, our reconstructions cover the full head, including hair. This is achieved using a global intensity-based optimization approach which is stated as a parametric warp estimation problem and solved in a robust Gauss-Newton framework. We formulate a computationally efficient warp function for mesh-based estimation of depth which is based on a well known image-registration approach and adapted to the problem of 3D reconstruction. We address the use of sparse correspondence estimates for initializing the optimization as well as a coarse-to-fine scheme for reconstructing without specific initialization. We discuss issues of regularization and brightness constancy violations and show various results to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Selective attention in visual short-term memory consolidation

Selection of visual short-term memory content takes place during perceptual and postperceptual processing. We studied postperceptual selection in a change detection task, in which spatially distributed cues preceding the memory array marked potential change targets. In the 550–730 ms interval after the memory array onset but not in the following retention interval, event-related potentials showed larger contralateral delay activity when the spatial cues were selective than when they were unselective. This finding implies that distributed precueing strengthens the visual short-term memory representation during an extended memory consolidation phase.
Patterning of the branched head appendages in Schistocerca americana and Tribolium castaneum

Summary Much of our understanding of arthropod limb development comes from studies on the leg imaginal disc of Drosophila melanogaster. The fly limb is a relatively simple unbranched (uniramous) structure extending out from the body wall. The molecular basis for this outgrowth involves the overlap of two signaling molecules, Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and Wingless (Wg), to create a single domain of distal outgrowth, clearly depicted by the expression of the Distal‐less gene (Dll). The expression of wg and dpp during the development of other arthropod thoracic limbs indicates that these pathways might be conserved across arthropods for uniramous limb development. The appendages of crustaceans and the gnathal appendages of insects, however, exhibit a diverse array of morphologies, ranging from those with no distal elements, such as the mandible, to appendages with multiple distal elements. Examples of the latter group include branched appendages or those that possess multiple lobes; such complex morphologies are seen for many crustacean limbs as well as the maxillary and labial appendages of many insects. It is unclear how, if at all, the known patterning genes for making a uniramous limb might be deployed to generate these diverse appendage forms. Experiments in Drosophila have shown that by forcing ectopic overlaps of Wg and Dpp signaling it is possible to generate artificially branched legs. To test whether naturally branched appendages form in a similar manner, we detailed the expression patterns of wg, dpp, and Dll in the development of the branched gnathal appendages of the grasshopper, Schistocerca americana, and the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. We find that the branches of the gnathal appendages are not specified through the redeployment of the Wg–Dpp system for distal outgrowth, but our comparative studies do suggest a role for Dpp in forming furrows between tissues.
Admittance-transforming injection-locked frequency divider and low-supply-voltage current mode logic divider

A injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) with a 0.8-V current mode logic (CML) frequency divider are presented in this paper. These two frequency dividers are fabricated and integrated in 0.13-µm CMOS technology. The proposed ILFD adopts the admittance-transforming to widen the locking range. To achieve low-supply-voltage in CML frequency divider, the transconductance stage of CML divider is replaced by the inductance. Under 0 dBm injected power, the measured results show that the proposed ILFD have 22.8 % bandwidth from 40.5-to-50.9 GHz. Furthermore, the divider-by-four frequency divider composed of an ILFD and CML divider are measured with locking range from 42 to 45 GHz. The ILFD and CML divider consume 3.6 mW and 8 mW dc power from 0.6 V and 0.8 V supply voltage, respectively.
Relative Deprivation, Inequality, and Mortality

I present a model of mortality and income that integrates the 'gradient,' the negative relationship between income and mortality, with the Wilkinson hypothesis, that income inequality poses a risk to health. Individual health is negatively affected by relative deprivation within a reference group, defined as the ratio to group mean income of the total 'weight' of incomes of group members better-off than the individual. I argue that such a model is consistent with what we know about the way in which social status affects health, based on both animal and human models. The theory predicts: (a) within reference groups, which may be as large as whole populations, mortality declines with income, but at a decreasing rate; the mortality to income relationship is monotone decreasing and convex. (b) If the upper tail of the income distribution is Pareto then, among the rich, there will be a negative liriear relationship between the logarithm of the probability of death and the logarithm of income, whose slope is larger the larger is Pareto's constant, itself often interpreted as a measure of equality. (c) A mean-preserving increase in the spread of incomes raises the risk of mortality for everyone. Between reference groups (e.g. states or countries) mortality is independent of the level of average income, but depends on the gini coefficient of income inequality, as does actual aggregate mortality across US states. Individual data from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study show that the relative deprivation theory provides a good account of the mortality gradient within states, but actually fails to account for interstate correlation between mortality and income inequality. Further analysis of the aggregate data shows that the effect of income inequality is not robust to the inclusion of other controls, particularly the fraction of blacks in the population. The fraction black is positively associated with white (male) mortality in both the individual and aggregate data and, once the fraction black is controlled for, there is no effect of income inequality on either male or female mortality. No explanation is offered for why white mortality should be higher in states with a higher proportion of blacks in the population.
Path Analysis: Detection of Triangle Routing Attacks in IPv6

Triangle routing is one of the serious attacks to the Internet infrastructure. It can be caused by malicious routers which misroute packets to wrong directions. This kind of attacks creates network problems such as network congestion, denial of service and network partition and results in degrade of network performance. This paper gives a comprehensive study on how the path analysis combats the triangle routing attacks. We discuss the method, implementation and limitation of path analysis to detect triangle routing in IPv4 network. We also discuss the implementation of path analysis in IPv6 by proposing a new extension header
Editorial: Inhibitory function in auditory processing

In recent decades, with the convergence of high-resolution anatomical and physiological techniques, a perspective is emerging on inhibition in the nervous system that recognizes the vast diversity of functions it serves. These include roles in modulation, development, and plasticity, in addition to the common perception of inhibition as spike suppression. Progress toward this more nuanced understanding of inhibition has derived from many studies across the nervous system, but here we focus on part of the brainstem auditory system, where discrete inhibitory nuclei interact in unique and fascinating ways to integrate and compute binaural information in the circuitry for sound source localization. We have solicited studies for this special topic on inhibition in the auditory brainstem circuitry from laboratories around the world. The assembled manuscripts provide an authoritative collection of concepts across the breadth of neuroscience research on inhibitory function that focus on three major themes.
Latest trends in telecommunication standards

Standardization organizations play a major role in the telecommunications industry to guarantee interoperability between vendors and allow for a common ground where all players can voice their opinion regarding the direction the industry should follow. In this paper we review the current activities in some of the most relevant standardization bodies in the area of communication networks: 3GPP, IEEE 802.11, BBF, IETF, ONF, ETSI ISG NFV, oneM2M and ETSI TC ITS. Major innovations being developed in these bodies are summarized describing the most disruptive directions taken and expected to have a remarkable impact in future networks. Finally, some trends common among different bodies are identified covering different dimensions: i) core technology enhancements, ii) inter-organizations cooperation for convergence, iii) consideration of raising disruptive technical concepts, and iv) expanding into emerging use cases aiming at an increase of future market size.
Two developmental switches in GABAergic signalling: the K+–Cl− cotransporter KCC2 and carbonic anhydrase CAVII

GABAergic signalling has the unique property of ‘ionic plasticity’, which is based on short‐term and long‐term changes in the Cl− and HCO3− ion concentrations in the postsynaptic neurones. While short‐term ionic plasticity is caused by activity‐dependent, channel‐mediated anion shifts, long‐term ionic plasticity depends on changes in the expression patterns and kinetic regulation of molecules involved in anion homeostasis. During development the efficacy and also the qualitative nature (depolarization/excitation versus hyperpolarization/inhibition) of GABAergic transmission is influenced by the neuronal expression of two key molecules: the chloride‐extruding K+–Cl− cotransporter KCC2, and the cytosolic carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoform CAVII. In rat hippocampal pyramidal neurones, a steep up‐regulation of KCC2 accounts for the ‘developmental switch’, which converts depolarizing and excitatory GABA responses of immature neurones to classical hyperpolarizing inhibition by the end of the second postnatal week. The immature hippocampus generates large‐scale network activity, which is abolished in parallel by the up‐regulation of KCC2 and the consequent increase in the efficacy of neuronal Cl− extrusion. At around postnatal day 12 (P12), an abrupt, steep increase in intrapyramidal CAVII expression takes place, promoting excitatory responses evoked by intense GABAergic activity. This is largely caused by a GABAergic potassium transient resulting in spatially widespread neuronal depolarization and synchronous spike discharges. These facts point to CAVII as a putative target of CA inhibitors that are used as antiepileptic drugs. KCC2 expression in adult rat neurones is down‐regulated following epileptiform activity and/or neuronal damage by BDNF/TrkB signalling. The lifetime of membrane‐associated KCC2 is very short, in the range of tens of minutes, which makes KCC2 ideally suited for mediating GABAergic ionic plasticity. In addition, factors influencing the trafficking and kinetic modulation of KCC2 as well as activation/deactivation of CAVII are obvious candidates in the ionic modulation of GABAergic responses. The down‐regulation of KCC2 under pathophysiological conditions (epilepsy, damage) in mature neurones seems to reflect a ‘recapitulation’ of early developmental mechanisms, which may be a prerequisite for the re‐establishment of connectivity in damaged brain tissue.
Reversible Alterations in Excitation‐Contraction Coupling during Myocardial Hypertrophy in Rat Papillary Muscle

To investigate the possible role of an alteration in excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac hypertrophy, we compared simultaneously recorded action potentials along with isometric or isotonic contractions of normal and hypertrophied papillary muscles. Hypertrophy was produced by renal hypertension in rats. Hypertrophied papillary muscles were taken from rats that had been hypertensive for 10 [HBP (10)] or 20 [HBP (20)] weeks. Regression of changes induced by hypertrophy was studied in rats that had been hypertensive for 10 weeks and then made normotensive for 10 weeks by removal of the ischemic kidney. Papillary muscles from age-matched, sham-operated rats [SHAM (10), SHAM (20)] were used as controls. We found that HBP (10) rats had significantly longer action potentials than SHAM (10) rats and that difference in the action potential duration recorded during isotonic and isometric contractions was significantly different for SHAM (10) and HBP (10) rats. Peak developed tension was the same in HBP (10) and SHAM (10) muscles, but the duration of isometric contraction and time-to-peak shortening were longer in HBP (10) muscles. Similarly, whereas the peak tension was the same in HBP (20) and SHAM (20) muscles, the duration of the action potential and isometric contraction, as well as the time-to-peak tension, was longer in HBP (20) muscles. The longer values for action potential duration, isometric contraction, and timeto- peak tension in HBP (20) muscles returned to SHAM values in HBP (R) muscles. The functional relationship between contraction and the action potential time course was assessed by plotting action potential duration against four parameters of contraction: peak developed tension, time-to-peak tension, time-to-half relaxation, and time-to-peak shortening. Statistical analysis of these data showed a significant correlation between action potential duration and all four parameters of contraction in SHAM (10) and SHAM (20) muscles. In contrast, HBP (10) muscles showed a significant correlation between action potential duration and only two contractile parameters, whereas action potential duration did not correlate significantly with any of the contractile parameters in HBP (20) muscles. Remarkably, in HBP (R) preparations a significant correlation was restored between action potential duration and three of the four contractile parameters. The results of this study suggest that reversible cardiac hypertrophy is associated with reversible alterations in excitation- contraction coupling. The reversibility of the mechanical and electrical alterations that accompany hypertrophy suggests, in turn, that cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive process.
Coupling of L-type Ca 2 + Channels to K V 7 / KCNQ Channels Creates a Novel , Activity-Dependent , Homeostatic Intrinsic Plasticity Abbreviated Title : K V 7 / KCNQ Channel-Mediated Intrinsic Plasticity

Experience-dependent modification in the electrical properties of central neurons is a form of intrinsic plasticity that occurs during development and has been observed following behavioral learning. We report a novel form of intrinsic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons mediated by the KV7/KCNQ and CaV1/L-type Ca 2+ channels. Enhancing Ca influx with a conditioning spike train (30Hz, 3-s) potentiated the KV7/KCNQ channel function and led to a long lasting, activity-dependent increase in spike frequency adaptation—a gradual reduction in the firing frequency in response to sustained excitation. These effects were abolished by specific blockers for CaV1/L-type Ca 2+ channels, KV7/KCNQ channels, and protein kinase A (PKA). Considering the widespread expression of these two channel types, the influence of Ca influx and subsequent activation of PKA on KV7/KCNQ channels may represent a generalized principle in fine tuning the output of central neurons that promotes stability in firing—an example of homeostatic regulation of intrinsic membrane excitability.
Molecular Determinants of Sporulation in Ashbya gossypii

Regulation of development and entry into sporulation is critical for fungi to ensure survival of unfavorable environmental conditions. Here we present an analysis of gene sets regulating sporulation in the homothallic ascomycete Ashbya gossypii. Deletion of components of the conserved pheromone/starvation MAP kinase cascades, e.g., STE11 and STE7, results in increased sporulation. In kar3 mutants sporulation is severely reduced, while deletion of KAR4 as well as of homologs of central Saccharomyces cerevisiae regulators of sporulation, IME1, IME2, IME4, and NDT80, abolishes sporulation in A. gossypii. Comparison of RNAseq transcript profiles of sporulation-deficient mutants identified a set of 67 down-regulated genes, most of which were up-regulated in the oversporulating ste12 mutant. One of these differentially expressed genes is an endoglucanase encoded by ENG2. We found that Eng2p promotes hyphal fragmentation as part of the developmental program of sporulation, which generates single-celled sporangia. Sporulation-deficient strains are arrested in their development but form sporangia. Supply of new nutrients enabled sporangia to return to hyphal growth, indicating that these cells are not locked in meiosis. Double-strand break (DSB) formation by Spo11 is apparently not required for sporulation; however, the absence of DMC1, which repairs DSBs in S. cerevisiae, results in very poor sporulation in A. gossypii. We present a comprehensive analysis of the gene repertoire governing sporulation in A. gossypii and suggest an altered regulation of IME1 expression compared to S. cerevisiae.
Studies of H5N1 Influenza Virus Infection of Pigs by Using Viruses Isolated in Vietnam and Thailand in 2004

ABSTRACT To determine whether avian H5N1 influenza viruses associated with human infections in Vietnam had transmitted to pigs, we investigated serologic evidence of exposure to H5N1 influenza virus in Vietnamese pigs in 2004. Of the 3,175 pig sera tested, 8 (0.25%) were positive for avian H5N1 influenza viruses isolated in 2004 by virus neutralization assay and Western blot analysis. Experimental studies of replication and transmissibility of the 2004 Asian H5N1 viruses in pigs revealed that all viruses tested replicated in the swine respiratory tract but none were transmitted to contact pigs. Virus titers from nasal swabs peaked on day 2, and low titers were detected in the liver of two of the four pigs tested. Our findings indicate that pigs can be infected with highly lethal Asian H5N1 viruses but that these viruses are not readily transmitted between pigs under experimental conditions.
A transferrin-like GPI-linked iron-binding protein in detergent- insoluble noncaveolar microdomains at the apical surface of fetal intestinal epithelial cells

A GPI-anchored 80-kD protein was found to be the major component of detergent-insoluble complexes, prepared from fetal porcine small intestine, constituting about 25% of the total amount of protein. An antibody was raised to the 80-kD protein, and by immunogold electron microscopy of ultracryosections of mucosal tissue, the protein was localized to the apical surface of the enterocytes, whereas it was absent from the basolateral plasma membrane. Interestingly, it was mainly found in patches of flat or invaginated apical membrane domains rather than at the surface of microvilli. Caveolae were not found in association with these labeled microdomains. In addition, the 80-kD protein was seen in apical endocytic vacuoles and in tubulo-vesicular structures, suggesting that the apical microdomains are involved in endocytosis of the 80-kD protein. By its NH2-terminal amino acid sequence, iron-binding capacity and partial immunological cross- reactivity with serum transferrin, the 80-kD protein was shown to belong to the transferrin family, and it is probably homologous to melanotransferrin, a human melanoma-associated antigen. The 80-kD iron- binding protein was fully detergent-soluble immediately after synthesis and only became insoluble after gaining resistance to endo H, supporting a mechanism for exocytic delivery to the apical cell surface by way of detergent-insoluble glycolipid "rafts" that fuse with the plasmalemma at restricted sites devoid of microvilli.