Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Mission Fulfillment on the Internal Audience: Psychological Job Outcomes in a Services Setting

The way a firm fulfills its mission statement may play a role in internal marketing and affect important psychological job outcomes of employees. The conceptual model proposed herein argues that mission fulfillment influences key psychological states related to motivation (i.e., employee engagement), social identity (organizational identification), and emotional resources (emotional exhaustion). These psychological states in turn drive affective commitment and turnover intentions, two variables of continued interest to researchers and managers. The authors test this model empirically using data from 3,999 employees of a health care service system. The findings provide support for the hypothesized model rather than an alternative and shed light on an important tool for internal marketing. Besides suggesting avenues for future research, such as refining the concept of employee engagement and uncovering the antecedents of employees’ perceptions of mission fulfillment, this study demonstrates the importance of exploring the psychological processes that comprise the mechanisms by which contextual variables affect key outcomes. For managers, the results imply the importance of aligning an organization’s actions with its stated mission, given that employees are attuned to and affected by such an alignment. Further, managers should actively communicate to employees the organization’s efforts and accomplishments in fulfilling its mission.
Expression of Genes Encoding Multi-Transmembrane Proteins in Specific Primate Taste Cell Populations

Background Using fungiform (FG) and circumvallate (CV) taste buds isolated by laser capture microdissection and analyzed using gene arrays, we previously constructed a comprehensive database of gene expression in primates, which revealed over 2,300 taste bud-associated genes. Bioinformatics analyses identified hundreds of genes predicted to encode multi-transmembrane domain proteins with no previous association with taste function. A first step in elucidating the roles these gene products play in gustation is to identify the specific taste cell types in which they are expressed. Methodology/Principal Findings Using double label in situ hybridization analyses, we identified seven new genes expressed in specific taste cell types, including sweet, bitter, and umami cells (TRPM5-positive), sour cells (PKD2L1-positive), as well as other taste cell populations. Transmembrane protein 44 (TMEM44), a protein with seven predicted transmembrane domains with no homology to GPCRs, is expressed in a TRPM5-negative and PKD2L1-negative population that is enriched in the bottom portion of taste buds and may represent developmentally immature taste cells. Calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1), a component of a novel calcium channel, along with family members CALHM2 and CALHM3; multiple C2 domains; transmembrane 1 (MCTP1), a calcium-binding transmembrane protein; and anoctamin 7 (ANO7), a member of the recently identified calcium-gated chloride channel family, are all expressed in TRPM5 cells. These proteins may modulate and effect calcium signalling stemming from sweet, bitter, and umami receptor activation. Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2B (SV2B), a regulator of synaptic vesicle exocytosis, is expressed in PKD2L1 cells, suggesting that this taste cell population transmits tastant information to gustatory afferent nerve fibers via exocytic neurotransmitter release. Conclusions/Significance Identification of genes encoding multi-transmembrane domain proteins expressed in primate taste buds provides new insights into the processes of taste cell development, signal transduction, and information coding. Discrete taste cell populations exhibit highly specific gene expression patterns, supporting a model whereby each mature taste receptor cell is responsible for sensing, transmitting, and coding a specific taste quality.
An examination of phylogenetic models of substitution rate variation among lineages

Molecular evolutionary rates can show significant variation among lineages, complicating the task of estimating substitution rates and divergence times using phylogenetic methods. Accordingly, relaxed molecular clock models have been developed to accommodate such rate heterogeneity, but these often make the assumption of rate autocorrelation among lineages. In this paper, I examine the validity of this assumption.
The role of angiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis of eleven randomized controlled trials.

PURPOSE Data on the role of angiogenesis inhibitors (AIs) in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains limited. We aimed to assess the overall efficacy of AIs-containing regimens in the treatment of advanced NSCLC in this setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Databases from PubMed, Web of Science, and abstracts presented at American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) meeting up to October 31, 2014 were searched to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies included prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating therapies with or without AIs in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC. The endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Statistical analyses were conducted by using random effects models and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS A total of 3,709 elderly patients with advanced NSCLC from 11 RCTs were identified for analysis. The pooled results demonstrated that there was a clinical benefit in PFS for AIs-containing regimens (hazard ratio (HR) 0.88, 95%CI: 0.78-1.00, P = 0.053) when compared to non-AIs-containing regimens, but not for OS (HR 0.99, 95%CI: 0.90-1.10, P = 0.89). On subgroup analysis, similar results were found based on treatment line. No publication bias was detected by Begg's and Egger's tests for OS. CONCLUSIONS In elderly patients with advanced NSCLC, AIs-containing therapies offer a clinical benefit in PFS but for OS. With present available data from RCTs, we are still unable to clearly set the role of specific AIs in the treatment of advanced NSCLC in this setting.
Space bounded probabilistic game automata

Results on the power of space-bounded probabilistic game automata are presented. Space-bounded analogs of Arthur-Merlin games and interactive proof systems are considered for bounded random game automata with complete and partial information. A consequence of the results is that any language recognizable in deterministic exponential time has an interactive proof that uses only logarithmic space. The power of games with simultaneous time and space bounds is also studied, and it is shown that any language in NTIME(t(n)) has an interactive proof that uses time polynomial in t(n) but space only logarithmic in t(n). <<ETX>>
Building the Evidence Base for the Medical Home : What Sample and Sample Size Do Studies Need ? WHITE PAPER

Background. Well-designed and -implemented studies are critical to determining whether the patientcentered medical home (PCMH) model of primary care is effective in raising quality, reducing costs, and improving the experience of care and, if not, how the model should be altered. Purpose. This paper provides information that can be used to improve the quality of the evidence about whether the medical home works. Practical suggestions are offered for generating credible evidence on the effects of the medical home model in the face of several challenges, which include the following: • The PCMH is a practice-level intervention. • Evaluations of the medical home typically include a small number of practices. • Health care costs and service use vary substantially. The specific goals of the paper are: • To raise awareness about the need to account for clustering inherent in practice-based interventions. • To provide information about some of the key inputs used to determine what effect sizes a given study can expect to detect. • To identify the approximate number of patients and practices required to detect policy-relevant yet achievable effects. • To show how varying the outcomes and types of patients included in analyses can increase the ability of a study to detect true effects on outcomes of interest. Suggestions for Generating Credible Evidence. Designing evaluations of the PCMH that will produce credible evidence requires a combination of approaches. • So that estimates of the effectiveness of interventions that alter the entire practice such as the PCMH are not inflated, statistical corrections must be made for the degree to which patients in a practice tend to be more similar to each other than to patients in other practices (clustering). The amount of clustering varies for different practices, markets, and outcomes, so researchers should ensure that their calculations reflect the data they will be analyzing. • To ensure adequate statistical power to detect effects, studies should include as many practices as possible. Many ongoing studies of the PCMH are small (including 10 to 20 intervention practices) and will likely not have enough statistical power to detect effects on costs and hospitalizations for all patients a practice serves. • Including more patients per practice contributes little to power. Therefore, for any given number of patients, it is better to have many practices with few patients per practice than few practices with many patients in each. For example, a study with 100 practices and 20 patients per practice has much greater power than a study of 20 practices with 100 patients each. • To increase the likelihood of detecting the effects of PCMH interventions and to use evaluation resources efficiently, researchers can (and should) measure different outcomes in different subsamples of patients. Costs and service use should be measured among those most likely to incur high health care costs, such as chronically ill patients. To illustrate why this is helpful, using some assumptions
Observational heterarchy as phenomenal computing

We propose the notion of phenomenal computing as a dynamical pair of a computing system and the environments of executing computation. It is expressed as a formal model of observational heterarchy inheriting robustness against structural crisis. Observational heterarchy consists of two different categories connected by pre-adjoint functors where inter-categories operations are defined as pre-functors. Owing to the attribute of prefunctor, the model reveals robust behaviors against perpetual structural changes.
“Families” in International Context: Comparing Institutional Effects Across Western Societies

We review comparative evidence of institutional effects on families in Western societies. We focus on 2 key aspects of family life: gendered divisions of labor and people's transitions into, within, and out of relationships. Many individual-level models assume the effects are robust across countries. The international evidence over the past decade suggests instead that the socioeconomic and policy contexts strongly influence the significance and even direction of individual effects. A growing body of evidence also highlights important differences across social groups and family forms within countries. The pattern of relative gender, class, and other group equality varies across countries, as do related family experiences and outcomes. We conclude with suggestions for future comparative family research.
At-speed on-chip diagnosis of board-level interconnect faults

This article describes a novel approach to fault diagnosis suitable for at-speed testing of board-level interconnect faults.This approach is based on a new parallel test pattern generator and a specifically fault detecting sequence. The test sequence has tree major advantages.At first, it detects both static and dynamic faults upon interconnects. Secondly, it allows precise on-chp at-speed fault diagnosis of interconnect faults.Third, the hardware implementation of both the test generator and the response analyzer is very efficient in terms of silicon area.
Teaching English at Sekolah Agama Rakyat (People’s Religious Schools) in Northern Peninsula Malaysia: Methodology Development and Preliminary Observations

This research article is based on a pilot study that we carried out to gain preliminary insights into how English is taught at ‘ Sekolah Agama Rakyat ’ (‘SAR’ or literally translated as ‘People’s Islamic Religious Schools’) in a state in northern Peninsula Malaysia. In the process of carrying out the study, we tested data collection instruments that we developed to understand the complexities of English language teaching in this interesting educational milieu. Questionnaires were distributed to 30 English language teachers from three schools to collect data on their educational background and their teaching experience. Classroom observations were also carried out in one of the schools to examine whether the classroom adheres to the general principles of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) as required by the Malaysian Ministry of Education. Finally, interview sessions were conducted to examine how the schools’ management personnel contribute to teachers’ performance as a whole. It was found that almost all the teacher participants that we came into contact with were not certified as English as a Second Language practitioners and some never received any forms of formal teacher training. The classroom observations that we carried out generally show an unconducive climate to support English language learning. In addition, the interview sessions revealed that SAR teachers rarely attend professional development courses. We hope that these preliminary observations from our pilot study will lead to more research efforts in order to understand the realities (and complexities) of teaching English within the Malaysian SAR educational context.
Beanspruchungsregulation durch Sport

Zusammenfassung. Regelmasige sportliche Aktivitat fordert das korperliche und psychische Wohlbefinden. Allerdings ist uber mogliche Moderatoren und Mediatoren dieses Effektes bisher noch wenig bekannt. Moglicherweise hat sportliche Aktivitat eine stressregulierende Wirkung. Diese konnte direkt auf einer verminderten psychophysiologischen Stressreagibilitat beruhen, uber veranderte subjektive Belastungs- und Kompetenzeinschatzungen vermittelt sein (Mediatoreffekt) sowie besonders bei hoher Belastung als Puffer wirksam werden (Moderatoreffekt). Anhand von Querschnittsdaten wurden mogliche Mediator- und Moderatoreffekte gepruft. Die Stichprobe besteht aus 1420 Beschaftigten eines Universitatsklinikums (Anteil Frauen 62%), die an einer Befragung zum Thema “Gesundheit am Arbeitsplatz“ teilnahmen. Der Fragebogen beinhaltete Angaben zu Arbeitsbelastungen, zur Einschatzung eigener Bewaltigungskompetenzen sowie zu sportlicher Akivitat. Mittels standardisierter Instrumente wurden ferner Beanspruchung (FPI-R), korpe.
Microbial Transglutaminase Improves the Property of Meat Protein and Sausage Texture Manufactured with Low-quality Pork Loins

Microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was investigated to determine whether it was an effective binding agent for the processing of low-quality pork loins. MTGase especially promoted the coagulation of myosin heavy chain (MHC). However, the effect of MTGase on MHC from low-quality meat was less than that from the normal meat when the reaction time was not enough. The breaking strength of the heat-induced gel made of myosin B from low-quality meat with MTGase was lower than that of normal meat. Sausage made with low-quality meat with MTGase did not exhibit improved hardness, as compared to that made with normal meat. Results of this study indicated that use of low-quality meat in the manufacture of sausage was feasible to get textural property equal to that of normal meat sausage, when a half or more of the raw material was normal meat and MTGase was used in the sausage. (Asian- Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2006. Vol 19, No. 1 : 102-108)
Trading Spaces: How Humans and Humanoids Use Speech and Gesture to Give Directions

Humans intuitively accompany direction-giving with gestures. These gestures have been shown to have the same underlying conceptual structure as diagrams and direction-giving language, but the puzzle is how they communicate given that their form is not codified, and may in fact differ from one person or situation to the next. Based on results from a study on language and gesture in direction-giving, we describe a framework to analyze gestural images into semantic units (image description features), and to link these units to morphological features (hand shape, trajectory, etc.). This feature-based framework allows for implementing an integrated microplanner for multimodal directions that derives the form of both natural language and gesture directly from communicative goals. Using this microplanner we developed an embodied conversational agent that can perform appropriate speech and novel gestures in direction-giving conversation with real humans.
Development of Environmental Knowledge and Attitudes in Engineering Students

A test was administered to 102 engineering students to ascertain how engineering education influences their environmental knowledge and attitudes. Answers to definitional and factual questions in a forced-answer section demonstrated that students were improving their technical knowledge, but responses to more subtle questions were mixed. Answers to attitudinal questions exhibited a trend towards increased environmental awareness. For open-ended questions, posttest results showed an increase in knowledge of engineering work. Over 80% of the students considered themselves to have a caring attitude toward the environment, with the “three R’s” and green transportation choices most commonly cited. Engagement in research, education, or advocacy doubled from pretest to posttest. Air pollution and solid waste disposal most frequently influenced students’ attitudes toward the environment. Outdoor experiences were the most frequently mentioned source of information; university courses rose from 4% to 15% on the posttest. Only 40% of the students could name an environmental role model.
Why Instructional Explanations Often Do Not Work: A Framework for Understanding the Effectiveness of Instructional Explanations

Although explanations are a common means of instruction, research shows that they often do not contribute to learning. To unravel the factors giving rise to the ineffectiveness of instructional explanations, we propose a framework that brings together empirical work on instructional explanations from a variety of research fields, including classroom instruction, tutoring, cooperative learning, cognitive skill acquisition, learning from texts, computer-supported learning, and multimedia learning. In our framework, we identify the distinctive characteristics of instructional explanations, present general guidelines for designing instructional explanations, and describe factors influencing both the generation and use of instructional explanations. It is argued that future research should uncover in more detail the interrelations between the different aspects of providing and using instructional explanations and their specific effects on learning.
Quantification of aqueous flare after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

BACKGROUND Impairment of the blood-aqueous barrier is a frequent finding in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX). OBJECTIVE To perform noninvasive quantification of aqueous flare using the laser flare-cell meter to analyze blood-aqueous barrier breakdown following phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in eyes with and without PEX. METHODS After other conditions that might account for impairment of the blood-aqueous barrier were excluded, 11 eyes with PEX and 11 eyes with senile cataract without PEX were included in the study. Aqueous flare was quantitatively determined using a laser flare-cell meter preoperatively as well as 1, 3, and 5 days postoperatively. Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation was performed by one surgeon. RESULTS On the first postoperative day, flare values (calculated as mean+/-SD photon counts per millisecond) in eyes with PEX were higher (42.2+/-21.3) than in eyes without PEX (30.6+/-15.1) (P>.05). On days 3 and 5, postoperative flare values decreased slowly in eyes with PEX (23.9+/-7.4 and 21.2+/-5.7 photon counts per millisecond, respectively) and were significantly higher than in eyes without PEX (14.8+/-5.4 and 10.5+/-1.4 photon counts per millisecond, respectively) (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier is significantly more extensive in eyes with PEX and may be an important risk factor for early postoperative complications. The altered response to surgery should be considered in eyes with PEX.
Political parties and interest groups

According to a widespread assumption, party–interest group links are significantly weaker than they used to be. Both sets of organizations, it is said, now prefer autonomy over the constraints implied by close relationships, especially in supposedly ‘cartelized’ established party systems but also in new democracies. In this article, we briefly review existing literature on party–group links and argue that the common wisdom – and this particular aspect of Katz and Mair’s cartel thesis – may need to be qualified. First, we have to define more precisely what we mean when we talk about the relationships in question, not least because they may assume myriad forms. Second, the little empirical research that has been done hints at a good deal of variety, both over time and between polities and parties. Third, we must further explore possible explanations for such differences in party–group relations, including the motives of the actors involved. The substantive articles in this special issue throw new light on all three issues.
Approximate Reasoning in First-Order Logic Theories

Many computational settings are concerned with finding (all) models of a first-order logic theory for a fixed, finite domain. In this paper, we present a method to compute from a given theory and finite domain an approximate structure: a structure that approximates all models. We show confluence of this method and investigate its complexity. We discuss some applications, including 3-valued query answering in integrated and partially incomplete databases, and improved grounding in the context of model expansion for first-order logic.