Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What are large‐scale Archaeometric programmes for? Bell beaker pottery and societies from the third millennium BC in Western Europe

Variability in clay processing recipes for pottery is still at a descriptive stage as far as prehistoric contexts are concerned. This paper intends to go beyond our traditional limits, based on the best-documented case for prehistory, the Bell Beaker style, which spread throughout the whole of Europe during the third millennium bc. The thousands of archaeometric analyses that have been carried out on the main concentrations from France, Spain and Portugal are taken into account in order to reconstruct the circulation mechanisms of the pottery and the social organization of the communities who used it.
Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration is dependent on readily decomposable C substrate concentration

Temperature acclimation of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition is one of the major uncertainties in predicting soil CO 2 e ﬄ ux by the increase in global mean temperature. A reasonable explanation for an apparent acclimation proposed by Davidson and colleagues (2006) based on Michaelis-Menten kinetics suggests that temperature 5 sensitivity decreases when both maximal activity of respiratory enzymes ( V max ) and half- saturation constant ( K s ) cancel each other upon temperature increase. We tested the hypothesis of the canceling e ﬀ ect by the mathematical simulation of the data obtained in the incubation experiments with forest and arable soils. Our data conﬁrm the hypothesis and suggest that concentration of readily decomposable C substrate as 10 glucose equivalent is an important factor controlling temperature sensitivity. The highest temperature sensitivity was observed when C substrate concentration was much lower than K s . Increase of substrate content to the half-saturation constant resulted in temperature acclimation associated with the canceling e ﬀ ect. Addition of the substrate to the level providing respiration at a maximal rate V max leads to the acclimation of the 15 whole microbial community as such. However, growing microbial biomass was more sensitive to the temperature alterations. This study improves our understanding of the instability of temperature sensitivity of soil respiration under ﬁeld conditions, explaining this phenomenon by changes in concentration of readily decomposable C substrate. It is worth noting that this pattern works regardless of the origin of C substrate: pro- 20 duction by SOM decomposition, release into the soil by rhizodeposition, litter fall or drying-rewetting events.
Epigenome-wide profiling identifies significant differences in DNA methylation between matched-pairs of T- and B-lymphocytes from healthy individuals. Epigenetics, (11).

Multiple reports now describe changes to the DNA methylome in rheumatoid arthritis and in many cases have analyzed methylation in mixed cell populations from whole blood. However, these approaches may preclude the identification of cell type-specific methylation, which may subsequently bias identification of disease-specific changes. To address this possibility, we conducted genome-wide DNA methylation profiling using HumanMethylation450 BeadChips to identify differences within matched pairs of T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of 10 healthy females. Array data were processed and differential methylation identified using NIMBL software. Validation of array data was performed by bisulfite Pyrosequencing. Genome-wide DNA methylation was initially determined by analysis of LINE-1 sequences and was higher in B-lymphocytes than matched T-lymphocytes (69.8 vs. 65.2%, p ≤ 0.01). Pairwise analysis identified 679 CpGs, representing 250 genes, which were differentially methylated between T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes. The majority of sites (76.6%) were hypermethylated in B-lymphocytes. Pyrosequencing of selected candidates confirmed the array data in all cases. Hierarchical clustering revealed perfect segregation of samples into two distinct clusters based on cell type. Differentially methylated genes showed enrichment for biological functions/pathways associated with leukocytes and T-lymphocytes. Our work for the first time shows that T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes possess intrinsic differences in DNA methylation within a restricted set of functionally-related genes. These data provide a foundation for investigating DNA methylation in diseases in which these cell types play important and distinct roles.
Pathogenic potential and horizontal gene transfer in ovine gastrointestinal Escherichia coli

Aims: To demonstrate that a thorough characterization and virulotyping of Escherichia coli strains isolated from sheep over time leads to new insights into ovine E. coli potentially becoming human pathogens through horizontal gene transfer. Methods and Results: One hundred and ﬁfty E. coli isolates from two sheep, sampled over 3 weeks, were characterized by serotyping, virulotyping, genotyping using multiple locus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) and susceptibility to phage infection in vitro . The 35 MLVA proﬁles and the serotype and virulotypes of the strains were closely associated. Many MLVA proﬁles differed in one locus independent of serotypes. Escherichia coli isolates of the same serotype or virulotype had identical or very similar MLVA proﬁles. No transductants that incorporated the bacteriophages were found in vivo , but six E. coli isolates were susceptible to the phage infection in vitro . Changes in MLVA proﬁles were seen after acquisition of Stx phages in vitro only. Conclusions: The sheep carried Stx phage susceptible E. coli that possessed virulence markers associated with human pathogenicity. Changes in bacterial genomes by phage transfer may complicate outbreak source investigations. Serotype has to be taken into account when evaluating strain relationships by MLVA. Signiﬁcance and Impact of the Study: Sheep carry E. coli that encode for virulence markers and belong to serogroups known to be human pathogens. In addition, a selection of isolates was found to be susceptible to horizontal transfer of Shiga toxin genes by means of bacteriophages in vitro , and the transfer resulted in a discernible change of the MLVA patterns of E. coli .
An Overview of Enhancing Distance Learning Through Augmented and Virtual Reality Technologies

Although distance learning presents a number of interesting educational advantages as compared to in-person instruction, it is not without its downsides. We ﬁrst assess the educational challenges presented by distance learning as a whole and identify 4 main challenges that distance learning currently presents as compared to in-person instruction: the lack of social interaction, reduced student engagement and focus, reduced comprehension and information retention, and the lack of ﬂexible and customizable instructor resources. After assessing each of these challenges in-depth, we examine how AR/VR technologies might serve to address each challenge along with their current shortcomings, and ﬁnally outline the further research that is required to fully understand the potential of AR/VR technologies as they apply to distance learning.
Adaptation to host cell environment during experimental evolution

Author Contributions: V.G. , T.H. , B.B. and M.D. designed research; V.G. , E.H. , K.K. , S.R. T. , E.D. , 23 C.G. , P.V. M. , M.P., S.M. -G. and L.S. performed research; V.G. , E.H. , K.K. , S.R. T. , E.D. , C.G. , P.V. M. , 24 A.K. , A.B. , M.P., S.M. -G. and L.S. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; V.G. , E.H. , K.K. , S.R. T. , 25 E.D. , C.G. , P.V. M. , A.K. , M.P., A.B. , S.M. -G. , L.S. , T.H. , B.B. and M.D. analyzed data; and V.G. , B.B. , 26 and M.D. wrote the paper. 27
Note on Computing Ratings from Eigenvectors

We consider the problem of computing ratings using the results of games played between a set of n players, and show how this problem can be reduced to computing the positive eigenvectors corresponding to the dominant eigenvalues of certain n×n matrices. There is a close connection with the stationary probability distributions of certain Markov chains. In practice, if n is large, then the matrices involved will be sparse, and the power method may be used to solve the eigenvalue problems efficientl y. We give an algorithm based on the power method, and also derive the same algorithm by an independent method.
Cost‐effective water quality assessment through the integration of monitoring data and modeling results

Sparse monitoring data and error inherent in water quality models make the identification of waters not meeting regulatory standards uncertain. Additional monitoring can be implemented to reduce this uncertainty, but it is often expensive. These costs are currently a major concern, since developing total maximum daily loads, as mandated by the Clean Water Act, will require assessing tens of thousands of water bodies across the United States. This work uses the Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) method of modern geostatistics to integrate water quality monitoring data together with model predictions to provide improved estimates of water quality in a cost‐effective manner. This information includes estimates of uncertainty and can be used to aid probabilistic‐based decisions concerning the status of a water (i.e., impaired or not impaired) and the level of monitoring needed to characterize the water for regulatory purposes. This approach is applied to the Catawba River reservoir system in western North Carolina as a means of estimating seasonal chlorophyll a concentration. Mean concentration and confidence intervals for chlorophyll a are estimated for 66 reservoir segments over an 11‐year period (726 values) based on 219 measured seasonal averages and 54 model predictions. Although the model predictions had a high degree of uncertainty, integration of modeling results via BME methods reduced the uncertainty associated with chlorophyll estimates compared with estimates made solely with information from monitoring efforts. Probabilistic predictions of future chlorophyll levels on one reservoir are used to illustrate the cost savings that can be achieved by less extensive and rigorous monitoring methods within the BME framework. While BME methods have been applied in several environmental contexts, employing these methods as a means of integrating monitoring and modeling results, as well as application of this approach to the assessment of surface water monitoring networks, represent unexplored areas of research.
Super resolution dissection of coordinated events behind malaria parasite invasion of the human erythrocyte

David T. Riglar*, Dave Richard*, Danny W. Wilson^, Michelle J. Boyle ^, Chaitali Dekiwadia, Lynne Turnbull, Fiona Angrisano, Danushka S. Marapana, Kelly L. Rogers, Cynthia B. Whitchurch, James G. Beeson, Alan F. Cowman, Stuart A. Ralph and Jake Baum. 1 The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia 2 Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Australia 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Australia.
differentiation after GATA 1 restoration Dynamics of the epigenetic landscape during erythroid Material

Material Supplemental http://genome.cshlp. org/content/suppl/2011/07/21/gr.125088. 111.DC1. html Related Content Genome Res. October , 2011 21: 1650-1658 Gangqing Hu, Dustin E. Schones, Kairong Cui, et al. tissue-specific enhancers by BRG1 Regulation of nucleosome landscape and transcription factor targeting at References http://genome.cshlp. org/content/21/10/1659.full. html#related-urls Article cited in: http://genome.cshlp. org/content/21/10/1659.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 62 articles, 28 of which can be accessed free at:
AREGU Mar. 45/3

Hayward, Linda F. , and Robert B. Felder. Electrophysiological properties of rat lateral parabrachial neurons in vitro. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 45): R696–R706, 1999. —Anatomical studies have demonstrated that the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) is composed of at least seven separate subnuclei distinguished by cell morphology, spatial clustering, and afferent and efferent connectivity. We hypothesized that neurons within the subnuclear clusters of the LPBN might have distinct electrophysiological properties that correlate with cellular morphology. An in vitro slice preparation was used to intracellularly record the intrinsic properties of 64 neurons located within the external lateral (EL) and central lateral (CL) subnuclei of the LPBN in adult rats. Analysis of intrinsic properties revealed that neurons in the EL subnucleus had significantly wider action potentials and on the average demonstrated more spike frequency adaptation during 2 s of depolarization compared with CL neurons. The majority of both EL and CL area neurons expressed delayed excitation (DE) after membrane hyperpolarization. DE was eliminated with the A-current blocker 4-aminopyridine (1.5–5 mM). Postinhibitory rebound was also observed in a subpopulation of EL and CL neurons. Morphological analysis of 11 LPBN neurons, which were electrophysiologically characterized and filled with 2% biocytin, failed to demonstrate an association between morphology and the electrophysiological profiles of LPBN neurons. The lack of distinct ‘‘type’’ of neuron within a single subnucleus of the LPBN is in agreement with recent findings reported from the neonatal rat.
Influence of Baseline Diastolic Blood Pressure on Effects of Intensive Compared With Standard Blood Pressure Control

Background: In individuals with a low diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the potential benefits or risks of intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering are unclear. Methods: SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) was a randomized controlled trial that compared the effects of intensive (target <120 mm Hg) and standard (target <140 mm Hg) SBP control in 9361 older adults with high blood pressure at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular disease events. All-cause death and incident chronic kidney disease were secondary outcomes. This post hoc analysis examined whether the effects of the SBP intervention differed by baseline DBP. Results: Mean baseline SBP and DBP were 139.7±15.6 and 78.1±11.9 mm Hg, respectively. Regardless of the randomized treatment, baseline DBP had a U-shaped association with the hazard of the primary cardiovascular disease outcome. However, the effects of the intensive SBP intervention on the primary outcome were not influenced by baseline DBP level (P for interaction=0.83). The primary outcome hazard ratio for intensive versus standard treatment was 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.57–1.07) in the lowest DBP quintile (mean baseline DBP, 61±5 mm Hg) and 0.74 (95% confidence interval, 0.61–0.90) in the upper 4 DBP quintiles (mean baseline DBP, 82±9 mm Hg), with an interaction P value of 0.78. Results were similar for all-cause death and kidney events. Conclusions: Low baseline DBP was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease events, but there was no evidence that the benefit of the intensive SBP lowering differed by baseline DBP. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT01206062.
Supercapacitor Electrodes with Remarkable Specific Capacitance 1 Converted from Hybrid Graphene Oxide/NaCl/Urea Films 2

A novel approach to improve the specific capacitance of reduced graphene oxide 16 (rGO) films is reported. We combine the aqueous dispersion of liquid-crystalline GO 17 incorporating salt and urea with a blade-coating technique to make hybrid films. After 18 drying, stacked GO sheets mediated by solidified NaCl and urea are hydrothermally 19 reduced, resulting in a nanoporous film consisting of rumpled N -doped rGO sheets. 20 As a supercapacitor electrode, the film exhibits a high gravimetric specific 21 capacitance of 425 F g ˗ 1 and a record volumetric specific capacitance of 693 F cm ˗ 3 at 22 1 A g ˗ 1 in 1 M H 2 SO 4 aqueous electrolyte when integrated into a symmetric cell. 23 When using Li 2 SO 4 aqueous electrolyte, which can extend the potential window to 1.6 the device exhibits high energy densities up to 35 Wh Kg ˗ 1 , and high power densities up to 10 4 W Kg ˗ 1 . This novel strategy to intercalate solidified chemicals into 26 stacked GO sheets to functionalize them and prevent them from restacking provides 27 a promising route towards supercapacitors with high specific capacitance and energy 28 density. 29
Bioengineered ciprofloxacin loaded chitosan nanoparticles for the treatment of Bovine Mastitis

Mastitis is the most devastating economic disease of dairy cattle. Mastitis in dairy cattle frequently occurs during the dry period or in early lactation. E. coli. and S. aureus is the main causative agent of mastitis. S. aureus has an ability to form encapsulated focuses in the udder and develop subclinical form of mastitis. This property of bacteria hinders the effective cure during lactation period. Antibiotics used for treatments have a short half-life span at the site of action because of frequent milking, therefore unable to maintain desired drug concentration for effective clearance of bacteria. We demonstrated the potential of ciprofloxacin encapsulated nanocarriers which can improve availability of drugs and could provide effective means of the treatment of mastitis. These drug loaded nanoparticles show low toxicity & slow clearance from the site of action. Antimicrobial studied against clinical strain of E.coli. and Staphylococcus aureus zone of inhibition depend on dose 0.5 mg to 2 mg/ml nanoparticles solution from 11.6 to 14.5 mm and 15 to 18mm. These nanoparticles show good antimicrobial activity in broth culture as well against bacteria.
Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Intracranial Aneurysms in MRA Images with Case-Based Reasoning

Finding intracranial aneurysms plays a key role in preventing serious cerebral diseases such as subarachnoid hemorrhage. For detection of aneurysms, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) can provide detailed images of arteries non-invasively. However, because over 100 MRA images per subject are required to cover the entire cerebrum, image diagnosis using MRA is very time-consuming and labor-intensive. This article presents a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for finding aneurysms with MRA images. The principal components are identification of aneurysm candidates (= ROIs; regions of interest) from MRA images and estimation of a fuzzy degree for each aneurysm candidate based on a case-based reasoning (CBR). The fuzzy degree indicates whether a candidate is true aneurysm. Our system presents users with a limited number of ROIs that have been sorted in order of fuzzy degree. Thus, this system can decrease the time and the labor required for detecting aneurysms. Experimental results using phantoms indicate that the system can detect all aneurysms at branches of arteries and all saccular aneurysms produced by dilation of a straight artery in 1 direction perpendicular to the principal axis. In a clinical evaluation, performance in finding aneurysms and estimating the fuzzy degree was examined by applying the system to 16 subjects with a total of 19 aneurysms. The experimental results indicate that this CAD system detected all aneurysms except a fusiform aneurysm, and gave high fuzzy degrees and high priorities for the detected aneurysms.
Exploring Landscapes Beneath the Sea  Submarine Prehistoric Archaeology of the North Sea

© 2006 The Author. Journal Compilation © 2006 The Nautical Archaeology Society. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA. Blackwell Publishing Ltd Oxford, UK IJNA The Int rnational Journal of Nautical Archaeology 1057-2414 © 2006 The Nautical Archaeology Society Ltd. . 1111/j.1057-2414.2006. 00096.x xxxx rigi al Ar icle XX Revie Article Exploring Landscapes Beneath the Sea
Some photoelectric observations of lightning

During the summer of 1965, a calibrated silicon photodiode and an oscilloscope were used as a fast-response lightning photometer covering the visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum from 0.4 to 1.1 μ. Simultaneous still photographs of the discharge channels were taken to determine how the photoelectric pulse profiles depend on the type of lightning (i.e., cloud-to-ground versus cloud-to-cloud) and the geometry of the channels. These observations represent the first attempt at a photometric study of lightning with correlated photographs of the discharge channels. The photodiode detector consisted of an Edgerton, Germeshausen & Grier model 560-561 ‘lite-mike’ and ‘detector head’ This system provided a voltage output, proportional to the light flux input, which was recorded as a function of time on a fast oscilloscope (Tektronix type 555). The photodiode and associated circuitry were linear over a wide range of incident light levels (within 5% over 7 decades) and had a response time of less than 1 μsec. The relative spectral response of the detector was calibrated by the manufacturer and is shown in Figure 1. The manufacturer also provided a pulse calibration factor of 7.7 mv/mw of incident light power at 800 mμ. The area of the photosensitive detector was 0.0728 cm2.
The reciprocal regulation loop of Notch2 pathway and miR-23b in controlling gastric carcinogenesis

Gastric carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies and the third highest cause of global cancer-related death. Notch2 receptor intracellular domain (N2IC), the activated form of Notch2 receptor, enhances gastric carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors in tumorigenesis and cross-talk with Notch pathways. Herein, microRNA-23b (miR-23b) was identified as a Notch2 receptor-related miRNA and its role in gastric carcinogenesis was investigated. Levels of miR-23b in stomach adenocarcinoma samples were down-regulated, whereas those of Notch2 receptor, v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1 (Ets1), and E2F1 transcripts were up-regulated. Results also showed that N2IC down-regulated miR-23b expression in gastric cancer cells through up-regulating E2F1. The miR-23b inhibited gastric tumorigenesis including growth, viability, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and abilities of colony formation, migration, invasion, and tumorsphere formation. Mechanistically, miR-23b suppressed tumor progression and pluripotency gene expression and affected tumorsphere ultra-structure in gastric cancer cells via targeting Notch2 receptor or Ets1. Furthermore, miR-23b diminished the xenografted tumor growth and lung metastasis of SC-M1 gastric cancer cells through Notch2 pathway. Our results suggest that Notch2 pathway and miR-23b interplay in a reciprocal regulation loop in gastric cancer cells and this axis plays an important role in gastric carcinogenesis.