Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of heart failure after myocardial infarction

Despite the widespread use of early revascularization and drugs to regulate the neuroendocrine system, the impact of such measures on alleviating the development of heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction (MI) remains limited. Therefore, it is important to discuss the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse HF after MI. This requires a better understanding of the potential mechanisms involved. HF after MI is the result of complex pathophysiological processes, with adverse ventricular remodeling playing a major role. Adverse ventricular remodeling refers to the heart’s adaptation in terms of changes in ventricular size, shape, and function under the influence of various regulatory factors, including the mechanical, neurohormonal, and cardiac inflammatory immune environments; ischemia/reperfusion injury; energy metabolism; and genetic correlation factors. Additionally, unique right ventricular dysfunction can occur secondary to ischemic shock in the surviving myocardium. HF after MI may also be influenced by other factors. This review summarizes the main pathophysiological mechanisms of HF after MI and highlights sex-related differences in the prognosis of patients with acute MI. These findings provide new insights for guiding the development of targeted treatments to delay the progression of HF after MI and offering incremental benefits to existing therapies.
Europa: Stratigraphy and geological history of the anti‐Jovian region from Galileo E14 solid‐state imaging data

A tidal bulge and associated deformation are predicted to occur in Europa's anti-Jovian region. Voyager data showed polygonal, low-albedo bands in this region. It was demonstrated that when the low-albedo material comprising these bands was removed, the margins could be reconstructed, suggesting that fracturing and lateral separation has occurred. Higher-resolution Galileo images of a 300,000 km2 portion of the anti-Jovian region permit recognition and mapping of a variety of features and documentation of the geological history. We identify background ridged plains, several distinctive types of bands and ridges, lenticulae, and regions of chaotic terrain. These images are at relatively low incidence angles; thus albedo variations predominate over topography. This presents a challenge to morphologically based mapping but does not preclude development of a regional stratigraphy. Stratigraphic relationships show that dark bands crosscut the bright ridged plains and are themselves disrupted by lenticulae and chaos, suggesting a geological history beginning with background ridged plains, followed by a period dominated by band formation, with the most recent history predominantly characterized by formation of lenticulae and chaos. The paucity of impact craters in this region indicates that the entire sequence of units is geologically recent.
Breastfeeding rates in England during the Covid-19 pandemic and the previous decade: Analysis of national surveys and routine data

Background Few studies have compared breastfeeding rates before and during the pandemic using comparable data across time. We used data from two national maternity surveys (NMS) to compare breastfeeding rates in England before and during the pandemic. Methods Analysis was conducted using the NMS from 2018 (pre-pandemic; n = 4,509) and 2020 (during the pandemic; n = 4,611). The prevalence of breastfeeding initiation, and ‘any’ breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 6 weeks and 6 months were compared between these surveys. Data were interpreted in the context of underlying trends in these prevalences from previous NMS (from 2010 and 2014), and annual routine data for England (from 2009–10 to 2020–21). Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate adjusted risk ratios (aRR) for the effect of birth during the pandemic (2020 versus 2018) on breastfeeding, with adjustment for sociodemographic and birth-related factors. Results Breastfeeding initiation and any breastfeeding at 6 weeks remained relatively constant in the NMS and the routine data. Birth during the pandemic was associated with a 3 percentage point decrease in EBF at 6 weeks in the NMS (aRR 0.92, 95%CI: 0.87, 0.98 for pandemic versus pre-pandemic), but a smaller decrease in the routine data. Birth during the pandemic was associated with a 3 percentage point increase in any breastfeeding at 6 months in the NMS (aRR 1.05, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.10). Breastfeeding varied across different groups of women in the NMS (i.e. marked inequalities), but the small changes observed between the pandemic and pre-pandemic NMS were broadly similar across the sociodemographic and birth-related factors examined (i.e. no change in inequalities). Conclusion Breastfeeding initiation and any breastfeeding at 6 weeks in England were unaffected by the pandemic, and the persistent inequalities in breastfeeding did not widen. Services should aim to reduce these inequalities in breastfeeding which have been documented since the 1970s.
Unpacking the asymmetric impact of exchange rate volatility on trade flows: A study of selected developed and developing Asian economies

Maintaining a stable exchange rate is a challenging task for the world, especially for developing economies. This study examines the impact of asymmetric exchange rates on trade flows in selected Asian countries and finds that the effects of increased exchange rate volatility on exports and imports differ among Pakistan, Malaysia, Japan, and Korea. The quarterly data from the period 1980 to 2018 is collected from the International Financial Statistics (IFS) database maintained by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We employ both linear and non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) models for estimation. The non-linear models yielded more significant findings, while the linear models did not indicate any significant effects of exchange rate volatility on trade flows. The results of the study suggest that in the case of Pakistan, both the linear and non-linear models indicate that increased exchange rate volatility adversely affects exports and imports, while decreased volatility enhances both. This implies that stabilizing the exchange rate would be beneficial for Pakistan’s trade. In contrast, the linear model applied to Malaysia shows no long-run effects of exchange rate volatility on exports. However, the result suggests that decreased volatility stimulates Malaysia’s exports. Therefore, in the case of Malaysia, stabilizing the exchange rate could contribute to boosting exports. We also found that increased exchange rate volatility boosts exports of Japan. On the other hand, decreased volatility hurts exports of Japan. As for the long-run effects of exchange rate volatility on imports, we found that increased volatility boosts imports of Korea. The study provides various policy implications regarding the impact of exchange rate volatility on trade flows in developing economies. The study highlights the importance of country-specific considerations in understanding the impact of exchange rate volatility on trade flows, and has important policy implications for promoting trade and economic growth in these nations. It emphasizes the need to model exchange rate volatility separately for developed and developing countries and to continue research and analysis to identify ways to mitigate its negative effects on the economy.
Impacts of Soil Amendment History on Nitrogen Availability from Manure and Fertilizer

Repeated, long-term additions of organic materials not only increase stocks of mineralizable soil N, but also bring about changes in soil characteristics that influence N dynamics. We conducted an aerobic incubation to explore how soil amendment history affects the transformation and availability of recently added N. Soil was collected from plots under contrasting amended and nonamended soil management systems in a 13-yr cropping systems experiment. Nitrogen source treatments were: no added N (control), NH 4 + fertilizer (Fert), a net mineralizing manure (MManure), and a net immobilizing manure (IManure). Soil NH 4 + and NO 3 - concentrations were monitored for 282 d. A two-pool, first-order model with fixed rate parameters was fitted to the NO 3 - accumulation data. When no N was added, net mineralization in the historically amended soil was twice that in the historically nonamended soil, mostly due to differences in soil total N stocks. When N sources were added, NH 4 + consumption, net N mineralization, and estimated N pools were affected by both soil amendment history and N source, with a significant interaction between the two factors. Historically amended soil reduced the availability of recently added N relative to the nonamended soil. This reduction occurred in the active pool (N 1 ) for MManure and in the slow pool (N 2 ) for Fert. It appeared to be related to the timing ofC availability. Future work modeling N availability should consider soil amendment history not only for its effects on soil N supply capacity, but also for its effects on the availability of recently added N sources.
Chigger mite (Eutrombicula alfreddugesi) ectoparasitism does not contribute to sex differences in growth rate in eastern fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus)

Abstract Parasitism is nearly ubiquitous in animals and is frequently associated with fitness costs in host organisms, including reduced growth, foraging, and reproduction. In many species, males tend to be more heavily parasitized than females and thus may bear greater costs of parasitism. Sceloporus undulatus is a female‐larger, sexually size dimorphic lizard species that is heavily parasitized by chigger mites (Eutrombicula alfreddugesi). In particular, the intensity of mite parasitism is higher in male than in female juveniles during the period of time when sex differences in growth rate lead to the development of sexual size dimorphism (SSD). Sex‐biased differences in fitness costs of parasitism have been documented in other species. We investigated whether there are growth costs of mite ectoparasitism, at a time coinciding with sex differences in growth rate and the onset of SSD. If there are sex‐biased growth costs of parasitism, then this could suggest a contribution to the development of SSD in S. undulatus. We measured growth and mite loads in two cohorts of unmanipulated, field‐active yearlings by conducting descriptive mark‐recapture studies during the activity seasons of 2016 and 2019. Yearling males had consistently higher mid‐summer mite loads and consistently lower growth rates than females. However, we found that growth rate and body condition were independent of mite load in both sexes. Furthermore, growth rates and mite loads were higher in 2019 than in 2016. Our findings suggest that juveniles of S. undulatus are highly tolerant of chigger mites and that any costs imposed by mites may be at the expense of functions other than growth. We conclude that sex‐biased mite ectoparasitism does not contribute to sex differences in growth rate and, therefore, does not contribute to the development of SSD.
Comparative Evaluation of Canal Transportation and Centering Ratio in Curved Canals: A Study of Cone-beam Computed Tomography and Micro-computed Tomography

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the accuracy and agreement between cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in the assessment of canal transportation and centering ratio following root canal instrumentation with rotary files. Material and Methods: Twenty mesiobuccal canals of mandibular molars were prepared using the 2Shape sequential rotary system. CBCT and micro-CT scans were performed before and after instrumentation, and the magnitude of transportation and centering ratio were measured. The acceptable transportation was set at ≤0.15 mm. The accuracy and agreement between CBCT and micro-CT were calculated, and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and kappa coefficient were determined to assess the agreement between the two modalities. Statistical analyses were performed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Transportation was detected by both modalities at all distances from the apex after instrumentation. The agreement between CBCT and micro-CT in assessing canal transportation was observed in 80%, 85%, 75%, and 75% of specimens at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-mm from the apex, respectively. The ICC for transportation and centering ratio was much lower than 0.75, indicating poor agreement between the modalities. The kappa coefficient did not show acceptable agreement between the methods. Conclusions: CBCT and micro-CT demonstrated poor agreement in assessing canal transportation and centering ratio. Micro-CT remains the preferred modality for in vitro investigations, while CBCT should be limited to clinical settings.
Zarządzanie ryzykiem. Przegląd wybranych metodyk

„Zarządzanie ryzykiem – przegląd wybranych metodyk” to piąta publikacja z zakresu zarządzania kryzysowego i zarządzania ryzykiem, ktora powstala w ramach projektu „Zintegrowany system budowy planow zarządzania kryzysowego w oparciu o nowoczesne technologie informatyczne”. Projekt ten finansowany jest przez Narodowe Centrum Badan i Rozwoju. Jego realizacja zostala zaplanowana na lata 2012-2015, zaś wykonawcą jest konsorcjum naukowo-przemyslowe w skladzie: 1. Centrum Naukowo-Badawcze Ochrony Przeciwpozarowej im. Jozefa Tuliszkowskiego – Panstwowy Instytut Badawczy, 2. Akademia Obrony Narodowej – Wydzial Bezpieczenstwa Narodowego, 3. Szkola Glowna Sluzby Pozarniczej,
Soil available phosphorus pedotransfer function for calcareous soils of Varamin Region.

A pedotransfer function is a useful tool in development of prediction method of some soil physical or chemical properties, and can be used to investigate and analyze the soil. In soil studies, soil available phosphorous (AP) are often determined using laboratory tests, but it may be more suitable and economical to develop a pedotransfer function which uses some easily available soil properties. In this study, a pedotransfer function for predicting soil AP from soil organic carbon (OC) was suggested and soil AP was estimated as a function of soil OC. The soil AP predicted from the soil AP pedotransfer function was compared to the soil AP determined by laboratory test using the paired samples t-test and the Bland-Altman approach. The soil AP predicted by the soil AP pedotransfer function was not significantly different from the soil AP determined by laboratory test (P > 0.05). The mean difference between the soil AP pedotransfer function and laboratory test was 1.57 ppm (95% confidence interval: -2.88 and 6.03 ppm; P = 0.453). The standard deviation of the soil AP differences was 7.01 ppm. The statistical results of the study indicated that the soil AP pedotransfer function provides an easy, economic and brief methodology to estimate soil AP and in order to predict soil AP based on soil OC the pedotransfer function AP = 0.7927 e with R = 0.92 can be recommended. 4.9922 OC 2
Associations between changes in social contact pattern and the mental health status of Chinese adults: cross-sectional findings

ABSTRACT The study aims to examine the associations between social contact pattern changes and mental health status, including depression, anxiety, and loneliness, among Chinese adults in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Data on social contact patterns before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 were obtained from 3511 participants. Mental health (ie, depression, anxiety, and loneliness) was assessed by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, Dark Future Scale, and the 9-scale Three-Item Loneliness Scale, respectively. Poisson regression analyses revealed that the participants who had increased in-person communication were more likely to have mental disorders [depression: prevalence ratio (PR)=1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.26; anxiety: PR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.30]. The current study concluded that the in-person communication increase before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 was associated with mental disorders among Chinese adults.
Regulating Eden: The Nature of Order in North American Parks

State and Provincial Parks are represented as inherently natural places set apart from the disorder of everyday life, places that are intrinsically 'wild' and must be protected. Yet, in order to experience the naturalness and freedom of the parks, we must embrace the very forms of regulation that we closely associate with places we consider to be artificial, restrictive, and alienating. Drawing on a wide range of documents used to govern park jurisdictions, Joseph Hermer explores the character and consequences of the contradiction posed by the 'regulated Eden' of park destinations. Central to his analysis of parks as historically specific sites of governance is the notion of 'emparkment,' the practises and discourses that manufacture wildness and nature through specific forms of spatial and temporal regulation. Using theoretical literature from the sociology of law and cultural geography, Hermer argues that emparkment order is driven primarily through discourses of both personal and environmental risk and results in an interdependency that generates powerful moralizing effects. He suggests that the mode of power constituted by emparkment is a mirror not only of how nature is configured in an era of environmental toxification, but also of how the experience of freedom itself is constructed in a society frequently characterized as repressive. Challenging us to re-think the place we have given to 'nature' in the protection of ecologically valuable landscapes, Hermer urges us to consider, too, the forms by which we govern ourselves in the moral order of daily life.
The Impact of Different Irrigation Regimens on the Chemical Structure and Cleanliness of Root Canal Dentin

Introduction: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of different irrigation regimens on the chemical composition and cleanliness of root canal dentin. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight extracted single-rooted permanent human teeth were collected. Root canals were instrumented using step-back technique up to master apical file size 60. Samples were divided into 3 groups (n=16) based on the type of the irrigant used. The irrigation solutions were 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, and saline solution as a control. Root canal cleanliness was assessed using stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. Scanning electron microscope energy dispersive X-ray was used for the inorganic analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer was used for the organic analysis. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison post hoc test were used for comparison between the three groups. Results: The highest mean percentage of remaining debris was in saline group followed by chlorhexidine gluconate group. Sodium hypochlorite group showed the lowest mean value of remaining debris. Furthermore, our results showed that canal irrigation with sodium hypochlorite affected the chemical structure of root canal dentin more than chlorhexidine gluconate. Conclusions: Based on the results, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite emerges as the preferred irrigant for root canal treatment. This research sheds light on the significance of irrigation regimens in endodontics and emphasizes the need for careful consideration of irrigant selection in clinical practice.
Towed-Chain Measurements of Ocean Microstructure

Abstract Towed-chain measurements of conductivity microstructure in the Sargasso Sea are reported for a 15-m aperture of high-frequency conductivity sensors and thermistors. Since the conductivity sensors are dc capable, co-located with thermistors, and nearly immune to biologic fouling, we are able to compute the density ratio, Rρ, from salinity and temperature gradients as the chain crosses isopycnal surfaces. Observations are made of numerous microstructure patches that are shown to be active salt-fingering and others that are not associated with double-diffusion. Three tows (duration of about 20 h) within varying environments described as Deep-Homogeneous, Shallow-Homogeneous, and Frontal have been analyzed to describe the characteristics of the microstructure and its relation to the temperature-salinity finestructure and in particular Rρ. Hypothesis testing for the dependence of microstructure on Rρ shows that the hypothesis “microstructure is independent of Rρ” fails for the three environments. The .
Edible flora in pre-Columbian Caribbean coprolites: Expected and unexpected data

Coprolites, or mummified feces, are valuable sources of information on ancient cultures as they contain ancient DNA (aDNA). In this study, we analyzed ancient plant DNA isolated from coprolites belonging to two pre-Columbian cultures (Huecoid and Saladoid) from Vieques, Puerto Rico, using shotgun metagenomic sequencing to reconstruct diet and lifestyles. We also analyzed DNA sequences of putative phytopathogenic fungi, likely ingested during food consumption, to further support dietary habits. Our findings show that pre-Columbian Caribbean cultures had a diverse diet consisting of maize (Zea mays), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), chili peppers (Capsicum annuum), peanuts (Arachis spp.), papaya (Carica papaya), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and, very surprisingly cotton (Gossypium barbadense) and tobacco (Nicotiana sylvestris). Modelling of putative phytopathogenic fungi and plant interactions confirmed the potential consumption of these plants as well as edible fungi, particularly Ustilago spp. , which suggest the consumption of maize and huitlacoche. These findings suggest that a variety of dietary, medicinal, and hallucinogenic plants likely played an important role in ancient human subsistence and societal customs. We compared our results with coprolites found in Mexico and the United States, as well as present-day faeces from Mexico, Peru, and the United States. The results suggest that the diet of pre-Columbian cultures resembled that of present-day hunter-gatherers, while agriculturalists exhibited a transitional state in dietary lifestyles between the pre-Columbian cultures and larger scale farmers and United States individuals. Our study highlights differences in dietary patterns related to human lifestyles and provides insight into the flora present in the pre-Columbian Caribbean area. Importantly, data from ancient fecal specimens demonstrate the importance of ancient DNA studies to better understand pre-Columbian populations.
Effect of cosmetic hair treatment and natural hair colour on hair testosterone concentrations

Purpose Testosterone analysis in hair allows for retrospective evaluation of endogenous testosterone concentrations, but studies devoted to investigating confounders in hair testosterone analysis have hitherto been scarce. The current study examined the stability of testosterone concentrations between two hair samples collected three months apart and investigated two potential confounding factors: natural hair colour and cosmetic hair treatments. Methods Testosterone was analysed with an in-house radioimmunoassay with a limit of detection adequate for the purpose. Results The testosterone concentrations from the two samplings, at baseline and three months later, had an intra-individual correlation of moderate strength (rho = 0.378, p<0.001, n = 146). Hair treatment, such as colouring or bleaching, seemed to increase testosterone concentrations (p = 0.051, n = 191, and in a paired analysis in a subset of the cohort p = 0.005, n = 24), while no effect of natural colour in untreated hair (p = 0.133) could be detected. Conclusion The current results suggest that cosmetic hair treatments need to be considered in hair testosterone analyses and demonstrate the utility of a radioimmunoassay to reliably measure testosterone concentrations in small hair samples in women.