Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reengineering Class Hierarchies into 3D Bridge Form

Software maintenance constitutes about two-thirds of total software costs. Much of this maintenance can more correctly be called software evolution, as existing systems are adapted to take on new responsibilities and/or operate in a changed environment. During an object-oriented software development, evolution often requires changes to the underlying object structure of the system in terms of classes, inheritance relationships, fields and operations. With this in mind, software developers try to redesign existing components with minimal modifications on the class hierarchy so that components can be refined and reused easily. In this paper, we propose the Flattened Class Hierarchy that characterizes "normalization" of reorganization of class hierarchy structures. And, we also present an algorithm which transforms a given class hierarchy into the Flattened form. The flattened class hierarchy plays an important role as a bridge on the reorganization of class hierarchies. And the flattened class hierarchy is helpful to us in a number of ways on the higher-level analysis and design phases.
Benefits of supervised group exercise programme for women being treated for early stage breast cancer: pragmatic randomised controlled trial

Objectives To determine functional and psychological benefits of a 12 week supervised group exercise programme during treatment for early stage breast cancer, with six month follow-up. Design Pragmatic randomised controlled prospective open trial. Setting Three National Health Service oncology clinics in Scotland and community exercise facilities. Participants 203 women entered the study; 177 completed the six month follow-up. Interventions Supervised 12 week group exercise programme in addition to usual care, compared with usual care. Main outcome measures Functional assessment of cancer therapy (FACT) questionnaire, Beck depression inventory, positive and negative affect scale, body mass index, seven day recall of physical activity, 12 minute walk test, and assessment of shoulder mobility. Results Mixed effects models with adjustment for baseline values, study site, treatment at baseline, and age gave intervention effect estimates (intervention minus control) at 12 weeks of 129 (95% confidence interval 83 to 176) for metres walked in 12 minutes, 182 (75 to 289) for minutes of moderate intensity activity reported in a week, 2.6 (1.6 to 3.7) for shoulder mobility, 2.5 (1.0 to 3.9) for breast cancer specific subscale of quality of life, and 4.0 (1.8 to 6.3) for positive mood. No significant effect was seen for general quality of life (FACT-G), which was the primary outcome. At the six month follow-up, most of these effects were maintained and an intervention effect for breast cancer specific quality of life emerged. No adverse effects were noted. Conclusion Supervised group exercise provided functional and psychological benefit after a 12 week intervention and six months later. Clinicians should encourage activity for their patients. Policy makers should consider the inclusion of exercise opportunities in cancer rehabilitation services. Trial registration Current controlled trials ISRCTN12587864.
Real-time eyelid open/closed state recognition based on HLAC towards driver drowsiness detection

This paper proposes a real-time eyelid state recognition method based on a video sequence. The human eye strongly reflects the mental state of an individual, such as attention, drowsiness, stress and confusion. In recent times, the automatic identification of such mental states using non-contact eyelid state recognition technology is proving to be a promising avenue for the development of such systems. In the field of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), high accuracy and real-time processing are necessary for detecting driver drowsiness in order to prevent accidents. To develop such a recognition method, we use Higher-order Local Auto-Correlation (HLAC). HLAC can represent the shape feature in images clearly without incurring a high computational cost, and it implements position invariability. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to differentiate between open and closed eyelids on the basis of the HLAC feature. The proposed method can achieve open and closed eyelid recognition rates of 98.77% and 98.98%, respectively. We also verify the real-time processing capabilities of our method, thus confirming that it is effective for eyelid state recognition.
Validation of the Potentially Avoidable Hospital Readmission Rate as a Routine Indicator of the Quality of Hospital Care

Background:The hospital readmission rate has been proposed as an important outcome indicator computable from routine statistics. However, most commonly used measures raise conceptual issues. Objectives:We sought to evaluate the usefulness of the computerized algorithm for identifying avoidable readmissions on the basis of minimum bias, criterion validity, and measurement precision. Research Design and Subjects:A total of 131,809 hospitalizations of patients discharged alive from 49 hospitals were used to compare the predictive performance of risk adjustment methods. A subset of a random sample of 570 medical records of discharge/readmission pairs in 12 hospitals were reviewed to estimate the predictive value of the screening of potentially avoidable readmissions. Measures:Potentially avoidable readmissions, defined as readmissions related to a condition of the previous hospitalization and not expected as part of a program of care and occurring within 30 days after the previous discharge, were identified by a computerized algorithm. Unavoidable readmissions were considered as censored events. Results:A total of 5.2% of hospitalizations were followed by a potentially avoidable readmission, 17% of them in a different hospital. The predictive value of the screen was 78%; 27% of screened readmissions were judged clearly avoidable. The correlation between the hospital rate of clearly avoidable readmission and all readmissions rate, potentially avoidable readmissions rate or the ratio of observed to expected readmissions were respectively 0.42, 0.56 and 0.66. Adjustment models using clinical information performed better. Conclusion:Adjusted rates of potentially avoidable readmissions are scientifically sound enough to warrant their inclusion in hospital quality surveillance.
Design Analysis on Optimized Calculation Method of Wireless Sensor Network

In order to reduce node consumption and energy balance, this paper puts forward strategies for energy optimization based on improved ant colony algorithms, so that it can extend the effective time of network. This paper uses mechanism of positive feedback and negative feedback to effectively balance data traffic. In addition, it also adopts self-automatic probability transition function based on energy optimization, arranges many converged nodes and other strategies, which can effectively realize high-efficiency consumption and balance requirement. It uses emulator of NS2 network to carry out simulation test of the proposed improvement strategies; it makes comparison between ant colony algorithms and basic ant colony algorithm, which demonstrates the effectiveness of optimized strategy. Copyright © 2014 IFSA Publishing, S. L.
Von Willebrand factor propeptide makes it easy to identify the shorter Von Willebrand factor survival in patients with type 1 and type Vicenza von Willebrand disease

Reduced von Willebrand factor (VWF) half‐life has been suggested as a new pathogenic mechanism in von Willebrand disease (VWD). The usefulness of VWF propeptide (VWFpp) in exploring VWF half‐life was assessed in 22 type 1 and 14 type Vicenza VWD patients, and in 30 normal subjects, by comparing the findings on post‐Desmopressin (DDAVP) VWF t1/2 elimination (t1/2el). The VWFpp/VWF antigen ratio (VWFpp ratio) was dramatically increased in type Vicenza VWD (13·02 ± 0·49) when compared to normal subjects (1·45 ± 0·06), whereas it appeared to be normal in all type 1 VWD patients (1·56 ± 0·7), except for the four carrying the C1130F mutation (4·69 ± 0·67). A very short VWF t1/2el was found in type Vicenza VWD (1·3 ± 0·2 h), while all type 1 VWD patients had a t1/2el similar to that of the controls (11·6 ± 1·4 and 15·4 ± 2·5 h respectively), except for the four patients carrying the C1130F mutation, who had a significantly shorter VWF survival (4·1 ± 0·2 h). A significant inverse correlation emerged between VWFpp ratio and VWF t1/2el in both VWD patients and normal subjects. The VWFpp ratio thus seemed very useful for distinguishing between type 1 VWD cases with a normal and a reduced VWF survival, as well as for identifying type Vicenza VWD.
Cochlear nerve fiber responses: distribution along the cochlear partition.

Fourier analysis of discharge patterns in response to sinusoidal acoustic stimulation provides a consistent and repeatable measure of response phase and amplitude. The distribution of the fundamental components of response for large populations of fibers as a function of their characteristic frequency provides a link between the spatiotemporal characteristics of basilar membrane vibration and single fiber response.Subject Classification: 65.42, 65.40.
EFFECT OF DELETION MUTATION IN THE DIHYDROFLAVONOL 4-REDUCTASE (DFR) ON ANTHOCYANIN PRODUCTION IN GREEN COLOR MANGO VARIETY (Mangifera indica var Guiqi)

Fruit color in mango ( Mangifera indica ) is an important trait, but the mechanism of green color inheritance is poorly understood at the molecular level. The present study revealed that in contrast with red mango fruits ( M. indica var. Guifei ), less anthocyanin production was reported in green mango fruits ( M. indica var. Guiqi ) during ripening, which was a result of reduced activity of the dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) enzyme at the translational level. The sequences of the DFR gene in these two varieties are partially similar, except for a single base-pair change at the 116 th base position and an approximately 74-bp deletion within the middle portion of the green color DFR gene. The sequence of the DFR protein showed different lengths, consisting of 194 and 328 amino acids in ‗Guiqi‘, and ‗Guifei‘. The deletion mutation in the green color DFR gene greatly reduced anthocyanin contents in green, ‗Guiqi‘ mango fruits. trimethyl
Activities of home-based heart failure nurse specialists: a modified narrative analysis.

BACKGROUND Heart failure nurse specialists strive to optimize patients' outcomes in home-based settings. OBJECTIVE To document the activities of home-based heart failure nurse specialists. METHOD A modified narrative analysis of clinical notes of home-based heart failure nurse specialists during a 12-month period was used. RESULTS Data analysis revealed 7 key activities of home-based heart failure nurse specialists: (1) monitoring signs and symptoms and reinforcing patients' self-management: identifying trends and appropriate action; (2) organization, liaison, and consultation with other health professionals to deal with changes in clinical status; (3) clarifying and reinforcing patients' self-care strategies; (4) assisting patients in their desire to avoid institutionalized care; (5) identifying patients' psychosocial issues: dealing with social isolation; (6) providing support: journeying with patients and patients' families; and (7) helping patients and patients' families deal with death and dying. CONCLUSIONS A major proportion of the activities of home-based heart failure nurse specialists are related to facilitating communication between health professionals and providing information and support to patients and patients' families.
Dynamic Multi-Fuzzy Semantic Concept Based Document Clustering Technique

The fast pace of change in web content and the consistency in the exponential growth of web data, calls for a matching approach that can proportionately increase the relevance ratio of retrieved documents from potential clustered documents gathered by the user query. The research introduces the Dynamic Multi-Fuzzy Semantic (DMFS) technique as an enhanced methodology that seeks for the retrieval of concept oriented document by establishing a conceptual structure on the document clustered with the goal of obtaining a well partitioned sub cluster of documents with associated degree of relationship that is structured to retrieving a concise, specific and pertinent document that is based on concept matching and more preferable to the users` goal when compared with existing document clustering approach.
Solid-state Over-current Protection for Industrial DC Distribution Systems

We describe a concept for circuit protection and fault current limitation in DC power systems based on the use of solid-state power switches. The approach could be useful in the increasingly widespread application of DC power distribution networks. During normal operation the power switch is always "on". During faults, the gate of the solid-state switch is pulse modulated to prevent the circuit current from exceeding a predetermined limit. This lowers the demand on the solid-state switches to withstand and interrupt the fault current and thus makes it possible to use commercially available solid-state switches. The described architecture enables loads in non-faulted parts of the system to ride through the fault current-limiting process unperturbed. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the strategy and a low power prototype validated the simulation model. The interactions between the protection switches and the upstream converters were studied, and the design equations for the circuit parameters are derived. Simulations and experiments demonstrate that the protection circuit provides a fast and potentially maintenance-free protection solution for high power-density DC systems. This technology is especially significant for applications related to spacecraft and shipboard DC power systems.
Adding Vision to Khepera: An Autonomous Robot Footballer

This project investigates the evolution in simulation of robot controllers capable of performing a hard task, playing football, in the real world. It is argued that for any reasonably interesting task, robot controllers are too di cult to design, and that an evolutionary methodology must be employed. It is further argued that evolution in the real world is too slow for such a task, and that evolution in simulation must be used to produce good robot control structures. The techniques of minimal simulation, where the robot controller is forced to ignore certain features through making those features unreliable, are used to construct a simulated environment for a robot with vision system. A xed architecture neural network provides a sensorimotor control system for the simulated robot, and evolution is used on an encoded version of the network to produce good solutions. Two experiments are presented; nding a white stripe in a dark arena, and nding a tennis ball and pushing it into a goal. In both scenarios, good controllers capable of performing the same behaviours in simulation and in the real world, are evolved only once su cient unreliability is incorporated into the simulation. The success in evolving in simulation a robot controller incorporating distal visual environment input data and displaying the same behaviours in both simulation and the real world, goes some way to addressing the arguments that evolution in simulation is only suitable for toy problems.
A Meta-Analysis on Prehypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease

Background Recent studies have demonstrated that there is an association between prehypertension and an increased risk of end-stage renal disease. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the relationship between prehypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This meta-analysis aimed to demonstrate the association between prehypertension and the incidence of CKD and identify the impacts of gender and ethnic differences. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library (from inception through March 2016) and article reference lists were searched for relevant studies regarding blood pressure and CKD. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were classified as follows: optimal BP (less than 120/80 mmHg), prehypertension (120-139/80-89 mmHg) and hypertension (over 140/90 mmHg). CKD was defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or proteinuria. Two investigators independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of studies enrolled in this meta-analysis using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). We performed the meta-analysis using Stata/SE 12.0 (StataCorp LP). The random-effect models were used in the heterogeneous analyses. Results After retrieving data from 4,537 potentially relevant articles, we identified 7 cohort studies including 261,264 subjects, according to the predefined selection criteria. Five studies were conducted in Mongolians from East Asia, and the other two studies were performed in Indo-Europeans from Austria and Iran. The participants ranged in age from 20 to 89 years, and the proportion of females ranged from 27.2% to 63.8%. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 11 years. Compared with the optimal BP values, prehypertension showed an increased risk of CKD (pooled RR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.13–1.44; P = 0.000; I2 = 77.9%). In the sex-stratified analysis, we found a similar trend in women (pooled RR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.01–1.63; P = 0.039; I2 = 76.1%) but not in men. This effect was observed only in Mongolians from East Asia (pooled RR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.18–1.59; P = 0.000; I2 = 81.3%) and not in Indo-Europeans. Conclusions Prehypertension is considered a potential cause of CKD. Gender and ethnic differences are exhibited in this association.
Role of Mesalazine in Acute and Long-Term Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis and Its Complications

Background : Sulfasalazine, consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid bound to sulfapyridine by a diazo bond, was first used for treatment of ulcerative colitis in the early 1940s and later found effective in placebo-controlled trials for acute disease and for long-term maintenance of remission. Later studies found that the active moiety is 5-ASA (mesalazine, mesalamine) and the sulfapyridine moiety acts as a carrier molecule but causes many of the symptomatic adverse reactions. Methods : Review of the literature. Results : The finding that 5-ASA in the active motility led to the development of mesalazine prodrugs, olsalazine (Dipentum ® ) and balsalazide (Colazide ® Colazal ® ), and targeted release mesalazine preparations, such as Asacol ® Pentasa ® and Salofalk ® as well as enemas and suppository preparations for distal disease. Most patients with adverse effects from sulfasalazine will tolerate mesalazine. Mesalazine has been shown equivalent or superior to sulfasalazine, and superior to placebo, with a dose-response benefit, in inducing remission of acute disease, and comparable to sulfasalazine and superior to placebo for long-term maintenance of remission. Better tolerance of mesalazine and the ability to use higher doses favor its use in patients intolerant of sulfasalazine and in patients failing to respond to usual doses of sulfasalazine. Adverse effects from mesalazine are uncommon, but include idiosyncratic worsening of the colitis symptoms and renal toxicity. Mesalazine is safe to use during pregnancy and for nursing mothers. As maintenance therapy, mesalazine may reduce the risk of developing colorectal carcinoma. Conclusion : Mesalazine represents effective and well-tolerated first-line therapy for mildly to moderately acute disease as well as for the long-term maintenance treatment in the patient with ulcerative colitis.
Morphological edge enhancement techniques on satillite image

Satellite image information Enhancement is very important for computer vision and analysis of the data. The satellite image information losses with lack of actualization sensors and different types of noise added at processing stages. Some standard traditional methods and non windowing techniques gave unsatisfactory results, here we proposed new algorithm for advanced morphological techniques with combination of windowing methods for improving Edge enhancement and detection. Obtained satisfactory results and good performance of PSNR and RMSE values. In this proposed method Structuring element (SE) impact on Morphological operations and it introduce with help of Set Theory.
A Rapid Assessment of the Availability and Use of Obstetric Care in Nigerian Healthcare Facilities

Background As part of efforts to reduce maternal deaths in Nigeria, pregnant women are being encouraged to give birth in healthcare facilities. However, little is known about whether or not available healthcare facilities can cope with an increasing demand for obstetric care. We thus carried out this survey as a rapid and tactical assessment of facility quality. We visited 121 healthcare facilities, and used the opportunity to interview over 700 women seeking care at these facilities. Findings Most of the primary healthcare facilities we visited were unable to provide all basic Emergency Obstetric Care (bEmOC) services. In general, they lack clinical staff needed to dispense maternal and neonatal care services, ambulances and uninterrupted electricity supply whenever there were obstetric emergencies. Secondary healthcare facilities fared better, but, like their primary counterparts, lack neonatal care infrastructure. Among patients, most lived within 30 minutes of the visited facilities and still reported some difficulty getting there. Of those who had had two or more childbirths, the conditional probability of a delivery occurring in a healthcare facility was 0.91 if the previous delivery occurred in a healthcare facility, and 0.24 if it occurred at home. The crude risk of an adverse neonatal outcome did not significantly vary by delivery site or birth attendant, and the occurrence of such an outcome during an in-facility delivery may influence the mother to have her next delivery outside. Such an outcome during a home delivery may not prompt a subsequent in-facility delivery. Conclusions In conclusion, reducing maternal deaths in Nigeria will require attention to both increasing the number of facilities with high-quality EmOC capability and also assuring Nigerian women have access to these facilities regardless of where they live.
Filogeografia molecular e atividade de enzimas digestivas do caruncho-do-feijão Acanthoscelides obtectus (Bruchidae:Coleoptera)

The bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus is a pest that causes great economic losses by attacking stored common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). The studies carried out in the present work used molecular techniques based on two mitochondrial DNA genes, COI and rRNA 16S, to elaborate and evaluate hypotheses about the historical factors which led to the current distribution of the existing populations and to understand the evolutionary history of this species. 148 sequences from 28 populations were evaluated for the gene COI, and 65 sequences from 15 populations were evaluated for the gene rRNA16S. The phylogeographical analyses of both genes allowed the achievement of a network where the haplotypes from the populations of Mexican and Peruvian weevil formed two independent lineages. Both lineages presented high genetic diversity. The Brazilian populations of A. obtectus allowed the identification of two different mitochondrial lineages, both with low genetic diversity and, possibly, derived from the Mesoamerican lineage. Probably, the Brazilian populations were introduced one single time, forming two ancestral genetic lineages or were introduced in two different events, coming from the same source. The geographical distribution of the haplotypes in Brazil led to the conclusion that one of the Brazilian lineages is mainly located in the south region, while the other is widely distributed in 25 out of the 28 populations sampled in this study. The colonization of the Brazilian beans by Mexican Acanthoscelides obtectus has possibly occurred