Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decision Tree Induction in High Dimensional, Hierarchically Distributed Databases

Classification based on decision trees is one of the important problems in data mining and has applications in many fields. In recent years, database systems have become highly distributed, and distributed system paradigms such as federated and peer-to-peer databases are being adopted. In this paper, we consider the problem of inducing decision trees in a large distributed network of high dimensional databases. Our work is motivated by the existence of distributed databases in healthcare and in bioinformatics, and by the vision that these database are soon to contain large amounts of genomic data, characterized by its high dimensionality. Current decision tree algorithms would require high communication bandwidth when executed on such data, which is not likely to exist in large-scale distributed systems. We present an algorithm that sharply reduces the communication overhead by sending just a fraction of the statistical data. A fraction which is nevertheless sufficient to derive the exact same decision tree learned by a sequential learner on all the data in the network. Extensive experiments using standard synthetic SNP data show that the algorithm utilizes the high dependency among attributes, typical to genomic data, to reduce communication overhead by up to 99%. Scalability tests show that the algorithm scales well with both the size of the dataset, the dimensionality of the data, and the size of the distributed system.
MicroRNA-148b Acts as a Tumor Suppressor in Cervical Cancer by Inducing G1/S-Phase Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in a Caspase-3-Dependent Manner

Background The purpose of our study was to investigate the role of microRNA (miR)-148b in cervical cancer. Material/Methods The expression of miR-148b was determined in HPV-16-immortalized cervical epithelial cell line CRL-2614 cells and in cervical cancer cell line HeLa cells. The miR-148b mimics or scrambled RNA were then transfected into Hela cells. Forty-eight hours after transfection, the mRNA expression of miR-148b and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) were confirmed. Cell proliferation ability (cell viability and colony formation ability), invasion ability, and apoptosis were assessed after transfection with miR-148b mimics or scrambled RNA, as well as the protein expression of cyclin D1 and caspase-3. Results The expression of miR-148b was significantly downregulated in HeLa cells compared with CRL2614 cells (P<0.05), but was statistically upregulated by transfection with miR-148b mimics compared with the cells transfected with scrambled RNA (P<0.05). Also, we found that the expression of DNMT1 was significantly decreased by transfection with miR-148b mimics (P<0.05). Additionally, miR-148b mimics significantly decreased the cell proliferation ability and invasion ability, and statistically induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the expression of cyclin D1 protein was significantly decreased and the expression of caspase-3 protein was significantly increased by miR-148b mimics compared with that in the cells transfected with scrambled RNA (P<0.05). Conclusions Our results suggest that overexpression of miR-148b protects against cervical cancer by inducing G1/S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through caspase-3-dependent manner, and overexpression of miR-148b might develop a therapeutic intervention for cervical cancer.
Sixth-form colleges: an endangered organisational form?

The sixth-form college sector is often marginalised in policy and academic discourse, where the much larger school and further education sectors dominate. This paper sets out to describe the sector’s key features, assess its position within the wider education system and consider its future in an increasingly competitive education market. The research involved discussions with senior managers and teachers, as well as analysis of policy documentation from within and without the sector.
Variable-length signatures for intrusion detection

Intrusion detection has become a basic infrastructure to guarantee the security of most internetworking applications. With more internetworking applications in the Internet nowadays, enormous volume of audit trails are produced for the analysis within intrusion detection. For this reason, it is critical to reduce the detection computation of intrusion detection to meet the realtime detection requirement. In this paper, using a formal intrusion detection framework, we propose a new concept of variable-length signature, along with feature selection, to compress the behavior models of our intrusion detection system, USAID[7], that achieves promising detection performance. Intuitively, compact behavior models will make the detection process computationally much cheaper. Our experimental results show that the proposed technique will degrade the detection rate of unknown intrusions, and fortunately, that it achieves a high detection rate for known intrusions with a significantly reduced false alarm rate. As a result, compared to USAID, the size of the behavior model is decreased by 99.52%, and the detection computation is cut down by 81.15% at least.
Cerebral aneurysms arising at nonbranching sites. An experimental Study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The origin and pathogenesis of cerebral aneurysms arising at nonbranching sites are not clear. Using our animal model to induce cerebral aneurysms in rats, we examined induced aneurysms that developed at nonbranching sites. METHODS In 35 Sprague-Dawley rats, the left common carotid artery was ligated and renal hypertension was produced to induce cerebral aneurysms. Twelve months later, the circle of Willis was carefully examined under a dissecting microscope. RESULTS Other than cerebral aneurysms at branching sites of the circle of Willis, aneurysmal bulges developing at nonbranching sites were found in the proximal portion of the posteriorice rebral artery (P1) on the side of carotid ligation, which supposedly acted as a major collateral pathway after the ligation, in 19 of 35 treated rats. A total of 30 lesions were found in these 19 rats, and they were classified into fusiform aneurysms (22 lesions) involving the entire vessel wall for a short distance and saccular aneurysms (8 lesions) involving only a part of the wall and expanding laterally from the vessel wall. These P1s became larger in caliber and more tortuous after ligation. Aneurysms developed more frequently in proportion to these changes in these vessels. Moreover, most aneurysms in these vessels developed at or near the curvatures. All of the lateral aneurysms were found on the lateral wall of the curvatures of the vessels. CONCLUSIONS The present findings indicate that cerebral aneurysms at nonbranching sites and saccular aneurysms at branching sites can occur under the same etiologic conditions. The site of origin is strongly related to hemodynamic stress.
Linking interdecadal changes in British river ecosystems to water quality and climate dynamics

Macroinvertebrate communities in Western European rivers have changed substantially in recent decades. Understanding the causes is challenging because improvements in water quality have coincided with climatic variations over this period. Using data covering >2300 rivers and 21 years (1991–2011) across England and Wales, we analysed family‐level distributions and nationwide trends in prevalence (proportion of sampling locations where an organism was present) to diagnose the causes of ecological change. Our aims were to: (i) reveal the taxa driving assemblage‐level trends; (ii) identify the main changes in family‐level prevalence and distribution patterns; and (iii) test whether changes were accounted for by improving water quality, increasing temperatures or variations in discharge. While previous analyses revealed increasing richness among British river invertebrates, a partial turnover of taxa is now evident. Two distinct components of temporal trend have comprised: (i) overall increases or decreases in taxon prevalence over 21 years, which correlated with pollution sensitivity and discharge; and (ii) short‐term variations in prevalence that correlated primarily with temperature and nutrient concentrations. The longer‐term changes in prevalence were reflected in expansions or contractions in families' distributions linked to water quality, with little evidence of shifts consistent with increasing temperatures. Although these monitoring data had limitations (e.g., family‐level data, few headwaters), they provide no clear evidence of long‐term climate effects on invertebrates; the one feature consistent with climate warming – a small northward expansion of the range of many taxa – was accounted for by large improvements in water quality in northern England. Nevertheless, changes linked to discharge and temperature over the shorter‐term (<2 years) point to the climatic sensitivity of invertebrate communities. It is therefore likely that any long‐term climatic changes since 1990 have been outweighed by the strength and geographical extent of the recovery from poor water quality.
Compact Single-Pole-Double-Throw Switchable Bandpass Filter Based on Multicoupled Line

A compact single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) switchable bandpass filter (BPF) composed of capacitively loaded multicoupled line is proposed. By replacing the quarter-wavelength impedance transformer at the common junction in conventional designs with a J-inverter, the circuit size is largely reduced and the design procedure is much simplified. As a demonstration, a proposed SPDT switchable BPF is designed and implemented with a center frequency f 0 of 1.0 GHz and a bandwidth of about 10%. Low insertion loss in the on state, good isolation in the off state, and good linearity are obtained. The filter size without bias circuits and input/output traces is only 2.5 cm × 2.7 cm, which is about 0.158 λg ×0.170 λg at f 0.
A document-centric approach to static index pruning in text retrieval systems

We present a static index pruning method, to be used in ad-hoc document retrieval tasks, that follows a document-centric approach to decide whether a posting for a given term should remain in the index or not. The decision is made based on the term's contribution to the document's Kullback-Leibler divergence from the text collection's global language model. Our technique can be used to decrease the size of the index by over 90%, at only a minor decrease in retrieval effectiveness. It thus allows us to make the index small enough to fit entirely into the main memory of a single PC, even for large text collections containing millions of documents. This results in great efficiency gains, superior to those of earlier pruning methods, and an average response time around 20 ms on the GOV2 document collection.
IT IS LEGITIMATE TO BE UNAVAILABLE

Differences between controlled time (your choice of how to use your time) and response time (meeting the demands on your time by other people) are described. It is suggested that managers can increase their controlled time, first by assessing priorities and second by screening out demands, by establishing work processes that are right for you. Examples of how to “close the door” in an open‐plan office are given.
The Design of Case-Based Hospital Payment Systems

Reimbursing hospitals on the basis of treated cases, as in the New Jersey diagnosis-related groups (DRG) experiment, is equivalent to a centrally set pricing scheme, with all of its inherent difficulties. In addition to the problems of appropriate case definition, it is not obvious how hospitals should be classified to form reference groups for cost determination. Because empirically derived cost schedules are based on observed treatment patterns and resource use, they reflect variations in clinical appropriateness and quality and in resource use efficiency that characterize the system from which the data are drawn. If case-based schemes are to incorporate desirable performance incentives, they must be much better specified and take into account the complexity of hospital behavior. This article identifies the basic components of case-based systems of hospital reimbursement and discusses the analytic and empiric problems involved in their design.
The Bloomsbury Group as Creative Community

The Bloomsbury group was a multidisciplinary association of friends who came together early in the twentieth century. It contained John Maynard Keynes and others who had an interest in economic questions, including the art critic Roger Fry, the novelists Virginia Woolf and E. M. Forster, and the man of letters Leonard Woolf. The group had little formal organization but cooperated in various ways and resembled in some respects a pioneering think tank. They rejoiced in intellectual and artistic radicalism. They had fans and critics in Britain and elsewhere. They collaborated through Fry's Omega Workshops, the Woolfs' Hogarth Press, Keynes's magazine the Nation, and the Contemporary Art Society. They rejected the teachings of Jeremy Bentham and looked for enlightenment to modern psychology and biography. In their search for “civilization” they discussed how to achieve peace and economic progress through a new world order, how to sustain the arts in an advanced market economy, how to improve the position of women and minorities, and how to protect the environment. They were influenced by many thinkers including the American institutionalists.
Playout control for streaming applications by statistical delay analysis

A packet transmission delay is an important quality characteristic for various applications including real-time and data applications. In particular, it is necessary to investigate not only the whole distribution of the packet transmission delay, but also the tail part of the distribution, in order to detect the packet loss. In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of the tail part of packet delay distributions by the statistical analytic approach. Our analytic results show that the Pareto distribution is most appropriate in 95-99.9% region of the cumulative distribution of packet transmission delays. Based on our statistical analysis, we next propose an adaptive playout control algorithm, which is suitable to real-time applications. Numerical examples show that our algorithm provides a stable packet loss ratio independently of traffic fluctuations.
Dispatching-driven deadlock avoidance controller synthesis for flexible manufacturing systems

Abstract This paper develops a new method for synthesizing deadlock avoidance controllers (DACs) that realize job and machine dispatching policies of a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) into deadlock free control actions. Our methodology is based on an untimed, deterministic Petri net formalism. It consists of four ingredients: (1) a bottom up approach for synthesizing a controlled production Petri net (CPPN) model of a FMS, (2) a necessary and sufficient liveness condition based on decomposition of the CPPN into production subnets and the concept of minimal resource requirements, (3) a sufficient procedure to test whether the liveness condition is kept after a control action is executed and (4) an algorithm that combines the test procedure with the given dispatching policy to generate valid and utilization maximizing control actions. Such controllers not only keep the FMS capable of repeating any of its operations, i.e., live, but also achieve a high resource utilization under any given dispatching policy.
Low-Power Analog Deep Learning Architecture for Image Processing

We present an analog implementation of the DeSTIN deep learning architecture. It utilizes floating-gate analog memories to store parameters and current-mode computation and features online unsupervised trainability. The circuit occupies 0.36 mm 2 in a 0.13 μm CMOS process. At 8.3 kHz, it consumes 11.4 μW from a 3 V supply, achieving 1×10 12 ops/s/W. Measurement demonstrates accuracy comparable to software.
The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale

II These results point a substantial, specific abnormality in CSPG expression by astrocytes. This abnormality may contribute disruption of the function of neurones and glial cells of the amygdala and the entorhinal cortex. Such disruption could lead to cognitive impairment, reduction of emotional expression, anxiety and arousal, which are features of schizophrenia. Further, this extremely promising study found no such abnormality in bipolar disorder.
Symbolically defined empirical large-signal model for HBTs compared to the Gummel-Poon model

An empirical symbolically defined nonlinear model, which accounts for several important effects in HBTs, is used in the large signal characterization of planar InGaP/GaAs HBTs. The model is designed to predict accurately the DC and RF characteristics based on an empirical equation. In order to assess the validity and the accuracy of the proposed model, a seven port symbolically defined device (SDD) based on the equation is constructed in an Agilent ADS circuit simulator for a 2/spl times/20 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ emitter area transistor and compared to measurements as well as to the Spice Gummel-Poon model in DC, in small signal and in large signal modes. From this comparison, one can conclude that, for the device tested, the SDD empirical model gives better agreement with measurements than the Spice Gummel-Poon model, for all modes of operation.
Wave Propagation in the Pulmonary Circulation

A mathematical model of the entire pulmonary circulation of the dog, based on branching elastic tubes, is shown to yield a useful description of the propagation of pulmonary vascular pressure and flow waves. The pressure and flow pulses throughout the model are computed from the pressures measured at the arterial and venous ends of the system. Computed flow pulses at each end of the system agree with experimental findings. Contour changes in the pressure and flow pulses are shown to be primarily due to dispersion and amplitude changes associated with reflected waves. Wave reflections are distributed throughout the model, and no specific site can be designated as the major source for reflections. Blood pressure and flow computed from the model remain pulsatile in the microcirculation; pressure pulses are attenuated but flow pulses pass essentially unchanged through the microcirculation. The computed results support the conclusion previously drawn from experimental evidence that pressure and flow pulses in the pulmonary veins originate primarily in the right ventricle and are propagated through the pulmonary capillary bed. A retrograde pulse, resulting from pressure fluctuations in the left atrium, is also present in both arteries and veins, but has only a secondary effect on the contours of pulmonary vascular pressures and flows.
S(t)imulating learning : pedagogy, subjectivity and teacher education in online environments

Australian higher education increasingly relies on flexible modes of delivery as a means of attracting and retaining students in a highly competitive global education market. While education is among those disciplines that have been most actively involved in the shift from face-to-face to online learning and teaching, the transition for many teacher educators is fraught with tensions and contradictions. For some, teaching online is seen as primarily a cost-cutting exercise on the part of universities, and has little to do with improving the quality of student learning. For others, the online environment offers multiple pedagogic possibilities that have yet to be fully explored. Yet others consider online environments as problematic, posing challenges to pedagogic and peer relationships that are generally seen as integral to 'good' teaching. This paper draws on an empirical study of teacher education faculties in five Australian universities, and analyses excerpts from interviews about learning and teaching with teacher educators, educational designers and faculty management. We argue that understanding how teacher educators constitute learner and teacher subjectivities through their beliefs about and approaches to pedagogy is crucial to the future of online tertiary education. In particular, we consider how teacher educators' attitudes toward and approaches to online learning and teaching are predicated on their perceived subject positions as either 'stimulating' or 'simulating' particular kinds of learning interactions.
Does AODV perform better with energy harvesting?

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is an evolving technology used in a diverse set of applications. WSN might be applied in isolated or hazard areas where it is hard and costly to reach the nodes. Maintaining the sensor nodes in WSN is generally a complex and difficult task especially when the size of the network is large. Energy maintenance of the sensor nodes is one of the challenging tasks in WSN. Supply energy for WSN using energy harvesting is a promising approach. It enables the sensor nodes to exploit the renewable ambient energy sources such as solar, temperature, sound and pressure to achieve a continual energy source. AODV is a routing protocol that was adopted by Zigbee for mesh network. However, not much work exists in literature that explores deeply the capabilities of AODV under energy harvesting. In this paper, extensive simulation experiments have been conducted using ns-3 to study the behavior of ADOV for energy-harvested and limited-battery WSN assuming total supply energy is the same for both approaches. We have compared AODV for both approaches using different performance metrics.
Using computer analyses to identify language style and aggressive intent: The secret life of function words

The ways people use words can reveal a great deal about their personalities, intentions, and social relationships. Rather than focusing on the content of speech, the current approach examines the style of language use through people's use of function words (e.g., pronouns, prepositions, articles). By calculating the degree to which individuals and groups use function words across a wide variety of texts, it is possible to determine when groups are most prone to engage in violence. The current project analyzed 296 speeches, interviews, and articles from members of four extremist Arabic-speaking groups, two of which have a history of violent attacks, using a computerized text analysis program that calculated the percentage of total words that reflected different function word categories. Overall, each group had its own distinctive language style that reflected, in essence, its own personality. In the month preceding and following violent acts, both terrorist groups changed in their language use in ways that suggested less divergent thinking and cognitive complexity. In the 2-6 months prior to the attacks, the two violent groups evidenced different language patterns that were predictive of later attacks.