Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regenerative agriculture: merging farming and natural resource conservation profitably

Most cropland in the United States is characterized by large monocultures, whose productivity is maintained through a strong reliance on costly tillage, external fertilizers, and pesticides (Schipanski et al., 2016). Despite this, farmers have developed a regenerative model of farm production that promotes soil health and biodiversity, while producing nutrient-dense farm products profitably. Little work has focused on the relative costs and benefits of novel regenerative farming operations, which necessitates studying in situ, farmer-defined best management practices. Here, we evaluate the relative effects of regenerative and conventional corn production systems on pest management services, soil conservation, and farmer profitability and productivity throughout the Northern Plains of the United States. Regenerative farming systems provided greater ecosystem services and profitability for farmers than an input-intensive model of corn production. Pests were 10-fold more abundant in insecticide-treated corn fields than on insecticide-free regenerative farms, indicating that farmers who proactively design pest-resilient food systems outperform farmers that react to pests chemically. Regenerative fields had 29% lower grain production but 78% higher profits over traditional corn production systems. Profit was positively correlated with the particulate organic matter of the soil, not yield. These results provide the basis for dialogue on ecologically based farming systems that could be used to simultaneously produce food while conserving our natural resource base: two factors that are pitted against one another in simplified food production systems. To attain this requires a systems-level shift on the farm; simply applying individual regenerative practices within the current production model will not likely produce the documented results.
A human machine interface framework for autonomous vehicle control

The recent development of autonomous vehicles has attracted much attention. The technologies for persons without technical knowledge to handle autonomous vehicles easily are highly demanded. We are developing an intuitive multimodal interface system using speech, gesture, and eye-gaze recognition. We designed a multimodal understanding component and dialog control component of the interface system separately using finite state transducers. As for implementation, conventional dialogue systems are controlled by a finite state transducer with user actions as inputs and system actions as outputs. Our multimodal understanding and dialog control component can be seen as a cascade of two separate transducers. Cascaded transducers can be composed to one transducer. Our system can operate a virtual car in an autonomous car simulator.
The effects of various dietary levels of phytase and available phosphorus on performance of laying hens.

Data previously obtained from our laboratory indicated that addition of 300 U of phytase/kg diet supported optimal long-term performance of laying hens (20 to 70 wk) fed a corn-soybean meal (SBM) diet containing 0.10% available phosphorus (AP). Our primary objective was to determine if a phytase level lower than 300 units/kg is adequate for a commercial strain of Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens (n = 504) fed a corn-SBM diet containing no supplemental P (0.10% AP). Dietary treatments consisted of the corn-SBM basal diet (0.10% AP, 3.8% Ca, and 17% CP) supplemented with 0, 100, 200, 250, or 300 U of phytase/kg, 0.05% inorganic P (0.15% AP), and a positive control diet containing 0.45% AP. Each of the seven dietary treatments was fed to six replicate groups of 12 hens from 20 to 60 wk of age. No significant differences in performance were observed among treatments during the first 8 wk of the experiment. By 28 wk of age, the 0.10% AP diet, with no supplemental phytase or P, resulted in significantly lower (P < 0.05) egg production and body weight compared with all other dietary treatments. Feed consumption, feed efficiency, and egg yield were subsequently depressed by 32 wk of age in hens fed the 0.10% AP diet. No other significant differences among treatments were observed for performance averaged over the entire 40-wk experimental period. The mean daily AP intake of hens fed the 0.15% AP, 0.45% AP, and 0.10% AP + phytase diets was 155, 474, and 103 mg, respectively. The results of this study indicate that phytase improves the utilization of P in corn-SBM diets for laying hens and that corn-SBM diets containing 0.10% AP + 100 units of phytase/kg diet or 0.15% AP supported egg production performance that was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from that of hens fed a corn-SBM diet containing 0.45% AP.
Similarity Measures for Vocal-Based Drum Sample Retrieval Using Deep Convolutional Auto-Encoders

The expressive nature of the voice provides a powerful medium for communicating sonic ideas, motivating recent research on methods for query by vocalisation. Meanwhile, deep learning methods have demonstrated state-of-the-art results for matching vocal imitations to imitated sounds, yet little is known about how well learned features represent the perceptual similarity between vocalisations and queried sounds. In this paper, we address this question using similarity ratings between vocal imitations and imitated drum sounds. We use a linear mixed effect regression model to show how features learned by convolutional auto-encoders (CAEs) perform as predictors for perceptual similarity between sounds. Our experiments show that CAEs outperform three baseline feature sets (spectrogram-based representations, MFCCs, and temporal features) at predicting the subjective similarity ratings. We also investigate how the size and shape of the encoded layer effects the predictive power of the learned features. The results show that preservation of temporal information is more important than spectral resolution for this application.
Software Abnormal Behavior Detection Based on Function Semantic Tree

SUMMARY Current software behavior models lack the ability to conduct semantic analysis. We propose a new model to detect abnormal behaviors based on a function semantic tree. First, a software behavior model in terms of state graph and software function is developed. Next, anomaly detection based on the model is conducted in two main steps: calculating deviation density of suspicious behaviors by comparison with state graph and detecting function sequence by function semantic rules. Deviation density can well detect control ﬂow attacks by a deviation factor and a period division. In addition, with the help of semantic analysis, function semantic rules can accurately detect application layer attacks that fail in traditional approaches. Finally, a case study of RSS software illustrates how our approach works. Case study and a contrast experiment have shown that our model has strong expressivity and detection ability, which outperforms traditional behavior models.
Energy-Efficient Hosting Rich Content from Mobile Platforms with Relative Proximity Sensing

In this paper, we present a tiny networked mobile platform, termed Tiny-Web-Thing (T-Wing), which allows the sharing of data-intensive content among objects in cyber physical systems. The object includes mobile platforms like a smartphone, and Internet of Things (IoT) platforms for Human-to-Human (H2H), Human-to-Machine (H2M), Machine-to-Human (M2H), and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications. T-Wing makes it possible to host rich web content directly on their objects, which nearby objects can access instantaneously. Using a new mechanism that allows the Wi-Fi interface of the object to be turned on purely on-demand, T-Wing achieves very high energy efficiency. We have implemented T-Wing on an embedded board, and present evaluation results from our testbed. From the evaluation result of T-Wing, we compare our system against alternative approaches to implement this functionality using only the cellular or Wi-Fi (but not both), and show that in typical usage, T-Wing consumes less than 15× the energy and is faster by an order of magnitude.
15N detection harnesses the slow relaxation property of nitrogen: Delivering enhanced resolution for intrinsically disordered proteins

Significance Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) have attracted significant attention due to their roles in crucial cellular processes. NMR is the only technique that allows the study of IDPs at atomic-level resolution. However, narrow chemical shift dispersion, rapid exchange with solvent, and high proline content challenge conventional 1H-detected experiments. Here, we report the development of a suite of 3D experiments based on 15N direct detection that harnesses the slow relaxation and the larger chemical shift dispersion of 15N nuclei for complete backbone assignment of IDPs, including proline residues, which are critical to the study of IDPs. Using this approach, we have assigned the regulatory domain of NFATC2 and have identified a likely mechanism by which 14-3-3 proteins regulate NFAT nuclear translocation. Studies over the past decade have highlighted the functional significance of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Due to conformational heterogeneity and inherent dynamics, structural studies of IDPs have relied mostly on NMR spectroscopy, despite IDPs having characteristics that make them challenging to study using traditional 1H-detected biomolecular NMR techniques. Here, we develop a suite of 3D 15N-detected experiments that take advantage of the slower transverse relaxation property of 15N nuclei, the associated narrower linewidth, and the greater chemical shift dispersion compared with those of 1H and 13C resonances. The six 3D experiments described here start with aliphatic 1H magnetization to take advantage of its higher initial polarization, and are broadly applicable for backbone assignment of proteins that are disordered, dynamic, or have unfavorable amide proton exchange rates. Using these experiments, backbone resonance assignments were completed for the unstructured regulatory domain (residues 131–294) of the human transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATC2), which includes 28 proline residues located in functionally important serine–proline (SP) repeats. The complete assignment of the NFATC2 regulatory domain enabled us to study phosphorylation of NFAT by kinase PKA and phosphorylation-dependent binding of chaperone protein 14-3-3 to NFAT, providing mechanistic insight on how 14-3-3 regulates NFAT nuclear translocation.
Brief cognitive behavioral intervention for children and adolescents with persistent post-concussive symptoms: A pilot study

ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a brief cognitive behavioral intervention program for children and adolescents experiencing persistent post-concussion symptoms. A total of 31 patients aged 10 to 18 years participated in the intervention. The median time since injury at treatment onset was 95 days though the range was large (23–720 days). Treatment was on average four sessions in duration. Sessions included concussion education, activity scheduling, sleep hygiene relaxation training, and cognitive restructuring. Outcomes were measured using symptom reports on the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool – Third Edition (SCAT-3) and parent-reported quality of life on the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Mixed-effects models revealed that symptom reports did not decrease prior to the initiation of this treatment, though significant symptom improvement occurred following treatment. Quality of life scores significantly improved across domains, with the largest gains made in the emotional and school domains. Participant characteristics including age, sex, maternal education, and previous mental health problems were not found to be significantly related to treatment outcomes. Contrary to predictions, length of time since injury was not related to symptom changes. The primary limitation of this study is that it lacks randomization and an experimental control group. The results suggest that brief cognitive behavioral intervention may be a promising treatment for children and adolescents experiencing persistent post-concussive symptoms and warrants further investigation.
Design, Fabrication, and Modeling of a Novel Dual-Axis Control Input PZT Gyroscope

Conventional gyroscopes are equipped with a single-axis control input, limiting their performance. Although researchers have proposed control algorithms with dual-axis control inputs to improve gyroscope performance, most have verified the control algorithms through numerical simulations because they lacked practical devices with dual-axis control inputs. The aim of this study was to design a piezoelectric gyroscope equipped with a dual-axis control input so that researchers may experimentally verify those control algorithms in future. Designing a piezoelectric gyroscope with a dual-axis control input is more difficult than designing a conventional gyroscope because the control input must be effective over a broad frequency range to compensate for imperfections, and the multiple mode shapes in flexural deformations complicate the relation between flexural deformation and the proof mass position. This study solved these problems by using a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) material, introducing additional electrodes for shielding, developing an optimal electrode pattern, and performing calibrations of undesired couplings. The results indicated that the fabricated device could be operated at 5.5±1 kHz to perform dual-axis actuations and position measurements. The calibration of the fabricated device was completed by system identifications of a new dynamic model including gyroscopic motions, electromechanical coupling, mechanical coupling, electrostatic coupling, and capacitive output impedance. Finally, without the assistance of control algorithms, the “open loop sensitivity” of the fabricated gyroscope was 1.82 μV/deg/s with a nonlinearity of 9.5% full-scale output. This sensitivity is comparable with those of other PZT gyroscopes with single-axis control inputs.
Deficit of Episodic Memory: Anatomy and Related Patterns in Stroke Patients

Background/Aims: Despite numerous studies performed in selected populations, major uncertainties regarding the anatomy and patterns of episodic memory deficit still persist. Such objectives require the analysis of consecutive unselected patients with well-delimitated lesions and the use of specific methodology. Methods: Nonaphasic stroke patients (n = 73) referred for cognitive complaints or deficits were examined using a standardized neuropsychological battery. Verbal episodic memory was assessed by the Grober and Buschke test. Results: Episodic memory deficit was related to lesions of medial temporal, thalamic, frontal, lenticular, and centrum semiovale regions, with a left hemisphere predominance. Although not specific, an immediate recall deficit was frequently observed in thalamic lesions (OR: 5.2, 95% CI: 1.09–24.9). False recognitions (OR: 25.7, 95% CI: 2.7–249) and efficiency of cued recall (OR: 8.6, 95% CI: 1.3–57) were highly specific of frontal damage. When combined with the usual ‘frontal lobe’ tests, this pattern of memory disorder was an independent predictor (OR: 36, 95% CI: 4.3–302) and increased the sensitivity of diagnosis of frontal damage (sensitivity: 0.92, specificity: 0.89). Conclusions: This study extends the classical anatomy of episodic verbal memory. In addition, the ‘frontal memory pattern’ was found to be relatively specific and to be an independent predictor of frontal damage.
Feed and water consumption and performance of male and female broilers fed salinomycin and maduramicin followed by a withdrawal ration.

A 3 x 2 factorial floor pen experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feeding salinomycin (60 ppm) or maduramicin (5 ppm) for 49 days followed by a 3-day withdrawal ration upon both male and female broiler chickens in a coccidia-free environment. Body weights, feed intake, and water consumption were recorded at 28, 49, and 52 days of age. Feed efficiency and overall mortalities were also measured. Inclusion of either ionophore into the ration had no effect on final body weight, but improved feed conversion (P less than .05). Birds fed maduramicin drank more than the nonmedicated birds (P less than .05), which in turn, drank more than the birds fed salinomycin (P less than .05).
Deposition Rate Influence in O3 Sensing Response of Sputtered ZnO Thin Films

The study of semiconductor materials applied as chemical gas sensing devices is currently focused on the production of new sensing materials with the best possible properties in terms of detection limits, selectivity, work temperature and response time. Although theoretical models show the great importance of film morphology on gas detection, a direct relation between structure size/morphology and the gas sensing properties has not been experimentally established. In this work, RF-sputtering deposition technique was used for the synthesis of zinc oxide thin films, and deposition conditions are variated to achieve a remarkable difference in nanostructure size of the material. The electrical resistance variation of the air-exposed films in presence of different ozone concentrations show a strong dependence on the feature size and film morphology, demonstrating the effectiveness of use the parameters of RF sputtering deposition as tunable factors to improve the ZnO sensing properties.
Chapter 7 Biosynthesis of Vitamins by Probiotic Bacteria

Vitamins are important micronutrients that are often precursors to enzymes, which all living cells require to perform biochemical reactions. However, humans cannot produce many vitamins, so they have to be externally obtained. Using vitamin‐producing microorganisms could be an organic and marketable solution to using pseudo‐vitamins that are chemically produced, and could allow for the production of foods with higher levels of vitamins that could reduce unwanted side effects. Probiotic bacteria, as well as commensal bacteria found in the human gut, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, can de novo synthesize and supply vitamins to human body. In humans, members of the gut microbiota are able to synthesize vitamin K, as well as most of the water‐soluble B vitamins, such as cobalamin, folates, pyridoxine, riboflavin, and thiamine.
New Space-Time Metaphors Foster New Nonlinguistic Representations

What is the role of language in constructing knowledge? In this article, we ask whether learning new relational language can create new ways of thinking. In Experiment 1, we taught English speakers to talk about time using new vertical linguistic metaphors, saying things like "breakfast is above dinner" or "breakfast is below dinner" (depending on condition). In Experiment 2, rather than teaching people new metaphors, we relied on the left-right representations of time that our American college student participants have already internalized through a lifetime of visuospatial experience reading and writing text from left to right. In both experiments, we asked whether the representations (whether newly acquired from metaphor or acquired over many years of visuospatial experience) are susceptible to verbal interference. We found that (a) learning new metaphors created new space-time associations that could be detected in a nonlinguistic implicit association task; (b) these newly learned representations were not susceptible to verbal interference; and (c) with respect to both verbal and visual interference, representations newly learned from linguistic metaphor behaved just like those on the left-right axis that our participants had acquired through years of visuospatial experience. Taken together, these results suggest that learning new relational language can be a powerful tool in constructing new representations and expanding our cognitive repertoire.
Understanding Functional Communication in Head and Neck Cancer Survivors Using a Mixed Methods Design

Background Functional communication, defined as everyday communication with family and friends, at work, and in the community, is an important but understudied concept in the head and neck cancer (HNC) survivor population. Objective The aim of this study was to better understand functional communication by using a mixed methods approach. Methods Head and neck cancer survivors participated in semistructured interviews and completed self-report questionnaires assessing multiple aspects of well-being and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). These qualitative and quantitative data were collected concurrently, analyzed separately, and then integrated. Results Survivors' perceptions of functional communication ranged from “Communication is good” to “Communication has changed” to “Communication is difficult. ” Using these qualitative results, survivors were categorized into 3 mutually exclusive groups. Clinically meaningful cut points were exceeded on measures of depressive symptoms (18%), state (40%) and trait (54%) anxiety, and pain (18%). Health-related quality of life scores were moderate to high for the sample as a whole. Statistically significant group differences were found only on the HNC-specific measure of HRQOL. A surprising finding was that the lowest mean score on social function was in the “Communication has changed” group. This group perceived changes in speech and voice that bothered them when communicating in social situations, although their speech was clear to a listener. Conclusion An underrecognized subpopulation of HNC survivors may exist, whose day-to-day functional communication has changed in ways that impact their relationships and sense of self. Implications for Practice Clinical identification of this subpopulation and provision of appropriate interventions are essential to facilitate optimal HRQOL after HNC treatment.
INFLUENCE OF UV IRRADIATED ON HIGH DOPING TIO2 OF POLYMER FOAM FOR ACOUSTIC STUDY

In recent years, noise is one of the physical environmental factors affecting our health in today’s world. Noise can seriously affect people in noise sensitive locations and interfere with their ability to relax, sleep, or communicate, causing stress and annoyance. This study presents experimental and analytical of an investigation to determine sound absorption property of polymer foam of pure flexible polyurethane and high doping of titanium dioxide (TiO2) which are 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 % and 100 %. The acoustic study of the samples was measured by using impedance tube test according to the ASTM E-1050 to determined sound absorption coefficient (α) and noise reduction coefficient method (NRC). Polymer foam as well-known as acoustical material expected to be improved by adding high doped of TiO2. Titanium dioxide represents an effective photocatalyst for water and air purification and for self-cleaning surfaces. Additionally, it can be used as antibacterial agent because of strong oxidation activity and superhydrophilicity. Besides that, the impact of UV on polymers is used for modification of properties (roughness, hydrophobicity) of polymer surfaces. The highest sound absorption coefficient is 0.999 observed from the flexible polymer foam doped with 60 % of TiO2 at high frequency level of 4000 Hz. After UV irradiation, the maximum frequency level has been shifted to the higher position level based on flexible polymer foam doped with 60 % to 100 % of TiO2.