Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Knowledge Creation Strategy to Enrich Enterprise Information Systems with Enterprise-Specific Tacit Knowledge

Enterprise information systems need to leverage enterprise knowledge management methodologies and tools to formally manage and capitalise on enterprise-wide knowledge resources. In this paper, we propose a novel knowledge creation methodology, together with its computational implementation, to (a) capture tacit knowledge possessed by domain experts in an enterprise; and (b) crystallize the captured tacit knowledge so that it can added to the enterprise’s existing knowledge info-structures for usage by front-end enterprise information/knowledge systems. The formulation of the methodology purports a synergy between artificial intelligence techniques, for representation, reasoning and learning purposes, with existing concepts and practices in knowledge management.
The Emergence of the Psyche

An attempt to outline an understanding of the emergence of the psyche and its early development based upon a series of very different theories which would be able to function as a new framework. The theories can be advantageously linked together to form a complete picture that proceeds from definite basic assumptions which these different theories must accept. The theories are primarily psychoanalytic, phenomenologic, semantic and evolutionary/biologic.
Theoretical and Logical Issues in the Study of International Diffusion

This discussion attempts to explore the concepts of diffusion and contagion as well as the nature of diffusion/contagion effects, and to suggest how they might operate. Using a series of logical analyses to continue the exercise of unpacking the concept of diffusion, which was initially presented in Most and Starr (1980), we are led to the conclusion that such processes are both less mystical and troublesome than they have often appeared in the literature. We argue that spatial diffusion processes may be disaggregated. Rather than being unique, diffusion/contagion processes may be seen as one subfield of `linkage' politics; with direct diffusion relationships as specialized extra-societal (general linkage) phenomena.
Reporting Bias in Drug Trials Submitted to the Food and Drug Administration: Review of Publication and Presentation

Background Previous studies of drug trials submitted to regulatory authorities have documented selective reporting of both entire trials and favorable results. The objective of this study is to determine the publication rate of efficacy trials submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in approved New Drug Applications (NDAs) and to compare the trial characteristics as reported by the FDA with those reported in publications. Methods and Findings This is an observational study of all efficacy trials found in approved NDAs for New Molecular Entities (NMEs) from 2001 to 2002 inclusive and all published clinical trials corresponding to the trials within the NDAs. For each trial included in the NDA, we assessed its publication status, primary outcome(s) reported and their statistical significance, and conclusions. Seventy-eight percent (128/164) of efficacy trials contained in FDA reviews of NDAs were published. In a multivariate model, trials with favorable primary outcomes (OR = 4.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33–17.1, p = 0.018) and active controls (OR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.02–11.2, p = 0.047) were more likely to be published. Forty-one primary outcomes from the NDAs were omitted from the papers. Papers included 155 outcomes that were in the NDAs, 15 additional outcomes that favored the test drug, and two other neutral or unknown additional outcomes. Excluding outcomes with unknown significance, there were 43 outcomes in the NDAs that did not favor the NDA drug. Of these, 20 (47%) were not included in the papers. The statistical significance of five of the remaining 23 outcomes (22%) changed between the NDA and the paper, with four changing to favor the test drug in the paper (p = 0.38). Excluding unknowns, 99 conclusions were provided in both NDAs and papers, nine conclusions (9%) changed from the FDA review of the NDA to the paper, and all nine did so to favor the test drug (100%, 95% CI 72%–100%, p = 0.0039). Conclusions Many trials were still not published 5 y after FDA approval. Discrepancies between the trial information reviewed by the FDA and information found in published trials tended to lead to more favorable presentations of the NDA drugs in the publications. Thus, the information that is readily available in the scientific literature to health care professionals is incomplete and potentially biased.
The Role of Management and Leadership within the Context of Police Service Delivery

As part of being an effective and efficient organization the police service has attempted to move from their traditional artisan role to one of professional status through effective leadership. This has been achieved in part by enhancing their service delivery by the importation of management strategies previously employed in other service organizations. In the police service the lowest rank often has the most power as it relates to discretion. Management and leadership skills are required, not only to the hierarchical structure of the organization, by individual officers. This article discusses the role of management and leadership in a modern police service.
A New Species of the Red Crossbill (Fringillidae: Loxia) from Idaho

Abstract. The Red Crossbill (Loxia curvirostra complex) endemic to the South Hills and Albion Mountains in southern Idaho has coevolved in a predator-prey arms race with the lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta latifolia). The resulting divergent selection has favored a sedentary, locally adapted crossbill population whose size and vocalizations differ from those of co-occurring Red Crossbills of other call types. It has also led to high levels of reproductive isolation between the “South Hills crossbill” and nomadic taxa with different vocalizations that move in and out of the area yearly. Genetic analyses of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) indicate that about 5% of the loci in the South Hills Crossbill have diverged in spite of the potentially homogenizing influence of gene flow. Given these differences in genetics, morphology, and behavior, and the high level of reproductive isolation in sympatry with other call types (99% of South Hills Crossbills pair assortatively), we recommend that this crossbill be recognized as a distinct species.
Semantic annotation of multilingual learning objects based on a domain ontology

One of the important tasks in the use of learning resources in e-learning is the necessity to annotate learning objects with appropriate metadata. However, annotating resources by hand is time consuming and difficult. Here we explore the problem of automatic extraction of metadata for description of learning resources. First, theoretical constraints for gathering certain types of metadata important for e-learning systems are discussed. Our approach to annotation is then outlined. This is based on a domain ontology, which allows us to annotate learning resources in a language independent way.We are motivated by the fact that the leading providers of learning content in various domains are often spread across countries speaking different languages. As a result, cross-language annotation can facilitate accessibility, sharing and reuse of learning resources.
Pesticide Knowledge and Safety Practices among Farm Workers in Kuwait: Results of a Survey

The unsafe and indiscriminate use of pesticides in agriculture represents a major hazard to the environment and human health. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of knowledge, attitude and practices of Kuwaiti farmers regarding the safe use of pesticides. A total of 250 farmers participated in this study through in-depth interviews and observations on-farm. The majority of the farmers acknowledged that pesticides were harmful to their health (71%) and the environment (65%). However, farmers’ level of knowledge of pesticide safety is insufficient. Over 70% of the farmers did not read or follow pesticide label instructions, and 58% did not use any personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling pesticides. Educated farmers were significantly more likely to use PPE compared with famers with limited formal education (χ2 = 9.89, p < 0.05). Storage of pesticides within living areas was reported by 20% of farmers. When disposing of pesticide wastes, respondents adopted unsafe practices such as discarding, incinerating, or burying empty pesticide containers on-farm, or reusing the containers. Farmers also reported disposing leftover pesticide solution or old pesticide stocks on-farm or in the sewer. A significant number (82%) of the farmers reported at least one symptom of acute pesticide poisoning. Although farmers’ knowledge of pesticide hazards was high, the reported safety measures were poor. Comprehensive intervention measures to reduce the health and environmental risks of pesticides are needed, including pesticide safety training programs for farmers, stringent enforcement of pesticide laws, and promoting integrated pest management and non-synthetic methods of pest control.
Evaluations that Help Teachers Learn.

Before, I had no idea what my principal was looking for—I had to be a mind reader! So I just played it safe, taught a familiar lesson, one I knew would go well—but did the process improve my teaching? Not at all! In my old school, the principal just came in with a checklist, but we never really talked. But this time, we had a great conversation about how to help my students want to write. It really made me think. As a result, I've got a new approach: I'm going to engage some students around the things they're passionate about and have them try to convince their classmates about the value of such interests.
Determinants of Trade Protection in Contemporary Democracies : Whose interests do elected officials serve through trade protection ?

Earlier economic studies attribute the presence of trade barriers to the fact that protectionist interest groups better articulate their policy demands due to their greater abilities to overcome collective action problems. Contrary to consumer groups, protectionist interests have strong incentive to influence politicians through lobbying and campaign activities since the benefits of protection are concentrated on a small set of producers but the costs are dispersed to the entire population. Thus, as in the literature on endogenous tariff formation, these studies restrict their focus to analyzing patterns in trade policy outcomes which are generated by societal demands for protection and the relative abilities of industries to get organized to lobby governments. On the other hand, institutional explanations of trade protection concentrate more on clarifying under what circumstances policymakers are insulated from particular interests of protectionist interests and lower levels of trade barriers for diffuse interests. A common argument found in this approach is that the formal design and nature of domestic political institutions generate cross-national variations in trade protection by shaping incentives of representatives to provide public goods (here, free trade) for the general welfare of a society as a whole.
Filtering Diversity

The spread of corporate diversity programs in the past decade has meant renewed attention to the rhetoric of fairness in employment relations. A number of organizational dynamics can derail this project, however, especially at the transnational level. In the author's case studies of a U.S. high-tech firm (AmCo) and its subsidiary in India (TransCo), this happens through a filtering process, in which managers disassemble broad themes of diversity and repackage them in more narrow and exclusive terms. In the United States, the discourse of gender is more legitimate, whereas in India, it is ethnicity/race. These discourses of diversity have both positive and negative implications. They are used by managers to divert attention from overt forms of stratification and avoid disruptions in employee relations, yet they also generate a mutual critique between the two firms that can help to overcome the filtering process and achieve a more integrated understanding of discrimination.
Defaunation leads to interaction deficits, not interaction compensation, in an island seed dispersal network

Following defaunation, the loss of interactions with mutualists such as pollinators or seed dispersers may be compensated through increased interactions with remaining mutualists, ameliorating the negative cascading impacts on biodiversity. Alternatively, remaining mutualists may respond to altered competition by reducing the breadth or intensity of their interactions, exacerbating negative impacts on biodiversity. Despite the importance of these responses for our understanding of the dynamics of mutualistic networks and their response to global change, the mechanism and magnitude of interaction compensation within real mutualistic networks remains largely unknown. We examined differences in mutualistic interactions between frugivores and fruiting plants in two island ecosystems possessing an intact or disrupted seed dispersal network. We determined how changes in the abundance and behavior of remaining seed dispersers either increased mutualistic interactions (contributing to “interaction compensation”) or decreased interactions (causing an “interaction deficit”) in the disrupted network. We found a “rich‐get‐richer” response in the disrupted network, where remaining frugivores favored the plant species with highest interaction frequency, a dynamic that worsened the interaction deficit among plant species with low interaction frequency. Only one of five plant species experienced compensation and the other four had significant interaction deficits, with interaction frequencies 56–95% lower in the disrupted network. These results do not provide support for the strong compensating mechanisms assumed in theoretical network models, suggesting that existing network models underestimate the prevalence of cascading mutualism disruption after defaunation. This work supports a mutualist biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning relationship, highlighting the importance of mutualist diversity for sustaining diverse and resilient ecosystems.
POST STRATIFICATION SAMPLING AND HORVITZ THOMPSON ESTIMATOR FOR RANGE AGGREGATE QUERIES IN BIG DATA ENVIRONMENTS

Big Data is a collection of large datasets and handling of data is challenging in this environment. Fast Range Aggregate Queries (FastRAQ) approach is used to process the range aggregate queries that consist of aggregate function on all tuples within the query ranges. The query result can be generated from the range cardinality query algorithm. The weight of the sample estimate is calculated using the Post Stratification sampling method and to estimate the total and mean of a super population in a stratified sample, Horvitz Thompson estimator is used. The time complexity is reduced by using the sampling methods. Keywords— Balanced partition; Big Data; FastRAQ; Hadoop; Horvitz Thompson; MapReduce; Multidimensional Histogram; Post Stratification; Range Aggregate Query. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
From dance to touch: movement qualities for interaction design

In this paper we address the question of extending user experience in large scale tactile displays. Our contribution is a non task-oriented interaction technique based on modern dance for the creation of aesthetically pleasant large scale tactile interfaces. This approach is based on dance movement qualities applied to touch interaction allowing for natural gestures in large touch displays. We used specific movements from a choreographic glossary and developed a robust movement quality recognition process. To illustrate our approach, we propose a media installation called A light touch, where touch is used to control a light spot reacting to movement qualities.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A MEMS THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR FOR ENERGY HARVESTING

This paper presents a technology platform to fabricate micro thermoelectric generators (μTEG) with thin-film thermopiles. The combination of bulk and surface micromachining processes allows the integration of in-plane thin-film thermopiles in a device with a cross-plane heat flux. Heat flux guiding structures are used to maximize the temperature difference across the thermopiles. FEM simulations indicate that up to 94% of the total temperature difference applied across the generator chip is located between the thermocouple junctions. A demonstrator device and test structures are manufactured using ntype poly-Si and Al as active materials. Measurements show a linear output voltage of 76.08 μVK per thermocouple which would result in a device power factor of 1.612·10 4 μWmmK.
Detection of co-planar circle pair of same radius from a single image

This paper describes a method that detects two co-planar circular shaped objects having the same radius from an image with clutter background. We propose an unique RANSAC based method for detecting the candidates of ellipses that divides the circular region centered at the assumed ellipse center into N equal sectors, then fits the edge points selected randomly from each sector. We propose three geometrical constraints of a pair of co-planar circles having the same radius by considering the normal vectors of the supporting plane estimated from each ellipse and the 3D coordinates of the centers of the two circles. From the detected candidates of ellipses, we select the co-planar circle pairs having the same radius by checking how well they fit the proposed geometrical constraints. The output of this method can be used as inputs of many camera calibration and/or 3D structure recovery algorithms that require parallel or co-planar circles. Our method can also applied to the mobile robots to determine their position by monitoring the two co-planar circular objects in the environment.
Op zoek naar de kern van leeszwakte : analyse van het leesproces van dyslectische kinderen

In search of the core of dyslexia. Analysis of the reading process of dyslectic children This anicle gives an overall picture of research into reading processes for dyslectic children who in other respects develop normally. The research was aimed at finding a defect in one of the basic functions of the normal reading process. By means of a block diagram of mainly visual word recognition, an attempt is made to analyse the core of dyslexia. The weak link is presumed to be in the translation from an internat visual word image to an internal speech image of the same word. The visual analysis itself, as well as the speech ability, is supposed completely normaL
NSF ’ s NSDL Program : An Overview of its History , Progress , and Promise

During the latter part of the 1990s the National Science Foundation (NSF) provided support for a series of workshops to explore and capture the perspectives of a wide variety of potential stakeholders about what a national digital library for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education might “look like,” how it might be supported, who would be the audience, and how it might be sustained. The proceedings of these workshops, their recommendations, and other commentaries were documented in accompanying reports and monographs [1-8]. From these efforts a picture emerged of the digital library as a “learning environments and resources network” for STEM education, with three central features:
White matter abnormalities and illness severity in major depressive disorder

Background White matter abnormalities have been implicated in the aetiology of major depressive disorder; however, the relationship between the severity of symptoms and white matter integrity is currently unclear. Aims To investigate white matter integrity in people with major depression and healthy controls, and to assess its relationship with depressive symptom severity. Method Diffusion tensor imaging data were acquired from 66 patients with recurrent major depression and a control group of 66 healthy individuals matched for age, gender and IQ score, and analysed with tract-based spatial statistics. The relationship between white matter integrity and severity of depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory was examined. Results Depressive illness was associated with widespread regions of decreased white matter integrity, including regions in the corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus and anterior corona radiata, compared with the control group. Increasing symptom severity was negatively correlated with white matter integrity, predominantly in the corpus callosum. Conclusions Widespread alterations in white matter integrity are evident in major depressive disorder. These abnormalities are heightened with increasing severity of depressive symptoms.
Compiler Scheduling for STA-Processors

This paper presents an adaptation of the list scheduling algorithm to generate code for processors of the Synchronous Transfer Architecture (STA) by applying techniques known from RISC and TTA. The proposed scheduling approach is based on informed, deterministic algorithms that can be implemented run-time efficiently. Although the presented compiler prototype does not generate optimized code, it provides a proof-of-concept of the feasibility of the proposed compiler architecture.
Anomaly and quantum corrections to solitons in two-dimensional theories with minimal supersymmetry

We reexamine the issue of the soliton mass in two-dimensional models with N=1 supersymmetry. The superalgebra has a central extension, and at the classical level the soliton solution preserves 1/2 of supersymmetry which is equivalent to BPS saturation. We prove that the property of BPS saturation, i.e. the equality of the soliton mass to the central charge, remains intact at the quantum level in all orders of the weak coupling expansion. Our key finding is an anomaly in the expression for the central charge. The classical central charge, equal to the jump of the superpotential, is amended by an anomalous term proportional to the second derivative of the superpotential. The anomaly is established by various methods in explicit one-loop calculations. We argue that this one-loop result is not affected by higher orders. We discuss in detail how the impact of the boundary conditions can be untangled from the soliton mass calculation. In particular, the soliton profile and the energy distribution are found at one loop. A {open_quotes}supersymmetry{close_quotes} in the soliton mass calculations in the non-supersymmetric models is observed. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}