Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systemic Analysis of Pension Systems – Macroeconomic Flows

The paper is devoted to the field of pension systems. It puts forward the argument that, the size of resources directed towards the retired is not dependent on their economic form but on the readiness of those working to support those who are retired. Economics, therefore, plays only a secondary role as the economic mechanism is identical no matter what organisational form is chosen. In order to demonstrate this three organisational models are presented: family, pay-as-you-go and funded. Through the comparison of macroeconomic flows in all three of them, it is concluded that they are, in fact, identical to the resulting outcome point of view. The final conclusion, therefore, is that any system is just a means of dividing the current national product among the two groups and the size of resources devoted to pensioners is controlled and determined by the working population.
ALLELE-DEPENDENT PROCESSING PATHWAYS GENERATE THE ENDOGENOUS HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN ( HLA ) CLASS I PEPTIDE REPERTOIRE IN TAP-DEFICIENT CELLS *

The transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP) allow the supply of peptides derived from the cytosol to translocate to the endoplasmic reticulum, where they complex with nascent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. However, infected and tumor cells with TAP molecules blocked or individuals with non-functional TAP complexes are able to present HLA class I ligands generated by TAP-independent processing pathways. These peptides are detected by the CD8 + lymphocyte cellular response. Herein, the generation of the overall peptide repertoire associated with four different HLA class I molecules in TAP-deficient cells was studied. Using different protease inhibitors, four different proteolytic specificities were identified. These data demonstrate the different allele-dependent complex processing pathways involved in the generation of the HLA class I peptide repertoire in TAP-deficient cells.
Sensibilisation aux émotions et formation de représentations par biofeedback social - Une révision du modèle et ses implications cliniques

Undifferentiated at birth, emotions would become intelligible by being raised to consciousness through the development of sensitivity to the inner sensations accompanying the emotion, their representation and symbolization (Gergely & Watson, 1996). The social biofeedback theory of parental affect-mirroring of Gergely and Watson (1996), furthered by Fonagy, Gergely, Jurist and Target (2002), explains how these somatosensory signals are so important that a complex, probably implicit, and possibly innate social biofeedback interaction exists between caregiver and infant, where the latter learns to differentiate between emotions through the parent’s mirroring of his emotion expression. The aim of this thesis is to revise this theory, and more precisely the ‘markedness’ hypothesis, which would be necessary to dissociate the parental mirroring from the parent and allow appropriation of its informational content as pertaining to the infant. The process of sensitization to these sensations is conceived to be integral to the symbolization of emotions in children and adults. However, ‘motherese’, the singsong prosody of markedness hypothesized to be necessary to foster successful social biofeedback interactions between caregivers and infants, requires that therapists use ‘therapese’ in the clinical setting (Fonagy, 2010), a proposition difficult to reconcile with the therapy of adults. The revision investigates whether the sensitization and symbolization of an emotion is accomplished through an internalization mechanism requiring the ‘markedness’ hypothesis, or solely through social biofeedback mechanisms based on infant contingency detection. It demonstrates that the infant’s contingency detector (similarly to biofeedback training in adults) mediates the
Myosin Va but Not nNOSα is Significantly Reduced in Jejunal Musculomotor Nerve Terminals in Diabetes Mellitus

Nitric oxide (NO) mediated slow inhibitory junction potential and mechanical relaxation after electrical field stimulation (EFS) is impaired in diabetes mellitus. Externally added NO donor restore nitrergic function, indicating that this reduction result from diminution of NO synthesis within the pre-junctional nerve terminals. The present study aimed to investigate two specific aims that may potentially provide pathophysiological insights into diabetic nitrergic neuropathy. Specifically, alteration in nNOSα contents within jejunal nerve terminals and a local subcortical transporter myosin Va was tested 16 weeks after induction of diabetes by low dose streptozotocin (STZ) in male Wistar rats. The results show that diabetic rats, in contrast to vehicle treated animals, have: (a) nearly absent myosin Va expression in nerve terminals of axons innervating smooth muscles and (b) significant decrease of myosin Va in neuronal soma of myenteric plexus. In contrast, nNOSα staining in diabetic jejunum neuromuscular strips showed near intact expression in neuronal cell bodies. The space occupancy of nitrergic nerve fibers was comparable between groups. Normal concentration of nNOSα was visualized within a majority of nitrergic terminals in diabetes, suggesting intact axonal transport of nNOSα to distant nerve terminals. These results reveal the dissociation between presences of nNOSα in the nerve terminals but deficiency of its transporter myosin Va in the jejunum of diabetic rats. This significant observation of reduced motor protein myosin Va within jejunal nerve terminals may potentially explain impairment of pre-junctional NO synthesis during EFS of diabetic gut neuromuscular strips despite presence of the nitrergic synthetic enzyme nNOSα.
[New-bone formation by osteogenic protein-1 and autogenic bone marrow in a critical tibial defect model in sheep].

AIM Osteogenic Protein-1 (OP-1) is known to be a very potent osteoinductive growth factor. However, experimental studies using critical-size defect models in the weight-bearing lower extremity show non-uniform results. Therefore, we studied the osteoinductivity of OP-1 in a tibial worst-case defect model in sheep. Potential improvement of OP-1 induced new bone formation using a composite graft with autogenous bone marrow was to be investigated. METHOD In 19 sheep a 5 cm segmental defect of the tibial diaphysis was treated by intramedullary nailing and filled with the following implants: 5 mg OP-1 + inactivated demineralized bone matrix (group 1; n = 6); 5 mg OP-1 + inactivated demineralized bone matrix + 5 ml autogenous bone marrow (group 2; n = 5); autogenous cancellous bone (group 3; n = 4), or inactivated demineralized bone matrix + 5 ml autogenous bone marrow (group 4; n = 4). RESULTS In total, 3 out of 10 defect sites treated with OP-1 were completely bridged radiographically by 12 weeks. Initially, x-rays showed accelerated new bone formation by use of the composite grafts containing OP-1 and autogenous bone marrow. However, 12 weeks post surgery 3D-CT-volumetry could not detect significant differences of new bone formation within the defect sites treated by OP-1 with or without bone marrow, while new bone formation by autogenous cancellous bone was better than by OP-1. CONCLUSION In our worst case defect model, the osteoinductive potential of OP-1 is initially accelerated but 12 weeks post surgery not increased when combined with autogenous bone marrow transplantation. So far, critical segmental bone defects of the weight-bearing lower extremity can not be bridged regularly in our model by use of OP-1. Therefore, for the treatment of such critical defects with rotational instability the examined application device of OP-1 can not yet be recommended.
Fundamentals of Microbial Community Resistance and Resilience

Microbial communities are at the heart of all ecosystems, and yet microbial community behavior in disturbed environments remains difficult to measure and predict. Understanding the drivers of microbial community stability, including resistance (insensitivity to disturbance) and resilience (the rate of recovery after disturbance) is important for predicting community response to disturbance. Here, we provide an overview of the concepts of stability that are relevant for microbial communities. First, we highlight insights from ecology that are useful for defining and measuring stability. To determine whether general disturbance responses exist for microbial communities, we next examine representative studies from the literature that investigated community responses to press (long-term) and pulse (short-term) disturbances in a variety of habitats. Then we discuss the biological features of individual microorganisms, of microbial populations, and of microbial communities that may govern overall community stability. We conclude with thoughts about the unique insights that systems perspectives – informed by meta-omics data – may provide about microbial community stability.
Exploring the Feasibility of Low-Carbon Scenarios Using Historical Energy Transitions Analysis

The scenarios generated by energy systems models provide a picture of the range of possible pathways to a low-carbon future. However, in order to be truly useful, these scenarios should not only be possible but also plausible. In this paper, we have used lessons from historical energy transitions to create a set of diagnostic tests to assess the feasibility of an example 2 °C scenario (generated using the least cost optimization model, TIAM-Grantham). The key assessment criteria included the rate of deployment of low carbon technologies and the rate of transition between primary energy resources. The rates of deployment of key low-carbon technologies were found to exceed the maximum historically observed rate of deployment of 20% per annum. When constraints were added to limit the scenario to within historically observed rates of change, the model no longer solved for 2 °C. Under these constraints, the lowest median 2100 temperature change for which a solution was found was about 2.1 °C and at more than double the cumulative cost of the unconstrained scenario. The analysis in this paper highlights the considerable challenge of meeting 2 °C, requiring rates of energy supply technology deployment and rates of declines in fossil fuels which are unprecedented.
Empirical examination of mobile ad hoc routing protocols on wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have great potential of being deployed in many places where traditional wired or wireless networks are not feasible. But they have also many new challenges more than other wireless networks. These challenges include the design of embedded intelligent sensors and wireless networking technology, ie. routing protocols and network security. WSNs also have some constraints such as sensor nodes failure which render WSN unavailable. The routing protocol in the sensor networks plays a critical role. They influence the performance of the WSNs and have significant impact on the security and the availability of WSNs. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been regarded as an incarnation of Ad Hoc Networks for a specific application. Since a WSN consists of potentially hundreds of low cost, small size and battery powered sensor nodes, it has more potentials than a MANET to be deployed in many emerging areas. However, they also raised many new challenges, and these challenges include the design of embedded sensors and wireless networking technology, ie. routing protocols and network security. Many ad hoc routing protocols such as AODV, DSR, DSDR, TORA and OLSR, which have been developed particularly for the mobile wireless ad hoc networks (MANETs), performed satisfactorily on MANETs. Research has shown that these ad-hoc routing protocols work well for MANETs with different characteristics and requirements. In this paper, we investigate how well these ad-hoc routing protocols work on wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We focus on their performances in terms of average end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio and routing overheads.
Public-Public Partnership and Tourism Development Strategy: The Case of Municipality of Gazi Baba in Macedonia

: Tourism development strategies are an important link in the tourism policy that is used to make its management better and easier. A public-public partnership (PUP) is a partnership between two or more public authorities or between a public authority and any non-profit organization with the goal of providing services and facilities or transferring technical skills. The paper presents this kind of partnership between two public authorities in Macedonia, the Municipality of Gazi Baba on one hand, and the University of Goce Delcev on the other. The main idea of this partnership is the development of a tourism strategy for the Municipality of Gazi Baba by the University on one side, and on the other, the construction of a mini park in the court of the University by the Municipality. This paper presents the causes and analyzes the procedures relating to this partnership and the methodology of the tourism development strategy. It contains a relevant literature review related to PUPs and tourism development strategy. The results and benefits of this partnership are presented with figures.
Merger Histories of Galaxy Halos and Implications for Disk Survival

We study the merger histories of galaxy dark matter halos using a high-resolution ΛCDM N-body simulation. Our merger trees follow ~17,000 halos with masses M0 = 1011–1013 h−1 M☉ at z = 0 and track accretion events involving objects as small as m≃ 1010 h−1 M☉. We find that mass assembly is remarkably self-similar in m/M0 and dominated by mergers that are ~10% of the final halo mass. While very large mergers, m≳ 0.4M0, are quite rare, sizeable accretion events, m ∼ 0.1M0, are common. Over the last ~10 Gyr, an overwhelming majority (~95%) of Milky Way-sized halos with M0 = 1012 h−1 M☉ have accreted at least one object with greater total mass than the Milky Way disk (m > 5 × 1010 h−1 M☉), and approximately 70% have accreted an object with more than twice that mass (m > 1011 h−1 M☉). Our results raise serious concerns about the survival of thin-disk-dominated galaxies within the current paradigm for galaxy formation in a ΛCDM universe. In order to achieve a ~70% disk-dominated fraction in Milky Way-sized ΛCDM halos, mergers involving m≃ 2 × 1011 h−1 M☉ objects must not destroy disks. Considering that most thick disks and bulges contain old stellar populations, the situation is even more restrictive: these mergers must not heat disks or drive gas into their centers to create young bulges.
The Performance Potential of Data Value Reuse

This paper presents a study of the performance limits of data value reuse. Two types of data value reuse are considered: instruction-level reuse andtrace-level reuse . The former reuses instances of single instructions whereas the latter reuses sequences of instructions as an atomic unit. Two different scenarios are considered: an infinite resource machine and a machine with a limited instruction window. The results show that reuse is abundant in the SPEC applications. Instructionlevel reuse may provide a significant speedup but it drops dramatically when the reuse latency is considered. Trace-level reuse has in general less potential for the unlimited window scenario but it is much more effective for the limited window configuration. This is because trace-level reuse, in addition to reduce the execution latency, increases the effective instruction window size, by avoiding the fetch and execution of sequences of instructions. Overall, trace-level reuse is shown to be a promising approach since it can provide speedups around 3 for a 256-entry instruction window and a realistic reuse latency.
Low and ultra low-dose estrogen therapy for climacteric symptom control--preliminary report.

INTRODUCTION Recent clinical trials have caused physicians to reconsider the use of hormone therapy (HT). Low-dose therapy has been proposed for those patients who tolerate standard doses poorly. OBJECTIVE to evaluate low-dose and ultra low-dose estrogen therapy (ET) for vasomotor symptom control. MATERIALS AND METHOD Thirty five healthy postmenopausal women with moderate to severe climacteric symptoms were recruited. Symptoms were evaluated at baseline and three months after the beginning of treatment by a modified Kupperman's index (KI). Endometrial thickness was assessed with pelvic ultrasonography. Patients were randomly assigned to one of these therapies: I) Esterified conjugated estrogens (ECE) 0.156 mg/day (ultra low-dose) (n = 18) or II) ECE 0.312 mg/day (low-dose) (n = 17) for 12 weeks. Statistical analysis was done with student's t test for independent and paired samples. RESULTS In groups I and II, the abandon rate was 33.3% and 47.0%, respectively. No differences were found among the groups in general data nor in KI. The KI at the end of the study was 47.8+/-37.9 and 48.9+/-33.2 for group I and group II, respectively, for a mean decrease of 32.1% and 37% without differences between the groups. When comparing each group separately, KI decreased in group 1, but without statistical significance. In group II there was significant decrease in KI. Endometrial thickness increased from 2.5+/-1.0 to 4.2+/-1.7 mm in group I, and from 3.5+/-1.3 to 6.0 +/-1.4 mm in group II. CONCLUSION low dose and ultra-low dose ET were useful in decreasing climacteric symptoms.
Discovery of two new Galactic candidate luminous blue variables with WISE

We report the discovery of two new Galactic candidate luminous blue variable (cLBV) stars via detection of circular shells (typical of known confirmed and cLBVs) and follow-up spectroscopy of their central stars. The shells were detected at 22 um in the archival data of the Mid-Infrared All Sky Survey carried out with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). Follow-up optical spectroscopy of the central stars of the shells conducted with the renewed Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) showed that their spectra are very similar to those of the well-known LBVs P Cygni and AG Car, and the recently discovered cLBV MN112, which implies the LBV classification for these stars as well. The LBV classification of both stars is supported by detection of their significant photometric variability: one of them brightened in the R- and I-bands by 0.68\pm0.10 mag and 0.61\pm0.04 mag, respectively, during the last 13-18 years, while the second one (known as Hen 3-1383) varies its B,V,R,I and K_s brightnesses by \simeq 0.5-0.9 mag on time-scales from 10 days to decades. We also found significant changes in the spectrum of Hen 3-1383 on a timescale of \simeq 3 months, which provides additional support for the LBV classification of this star. Further spectrophotometric monitoring of both stars is required to firmly prove their LBV status. We discuss a connection between the location of massive stars in the field and their fast rotation, and suggest that the LBV activity of the newly discovered cLBVs might be directly related to their possible runaway status.
Automatic estimation of the size and weight of grapevine berries by image analysis

Berry size of winegrapes has often been considered to influence wine composition and quality. The measurement of the size and weight of grapevine berries may provide important information to assess differences in ripening stage, pulp/skin ratio and phenolic content. This task is usually done by hand, so that it becomes slow, tedious and inaccurate. This paper focuses on three main objectives aimed at automating this process: 1) to determine the size of the berry (length and width) and the length of the pedicel using automated methods based on image analysis, and 2) to assess the possibility of estimating the weight of the berry from image analysis. Some tests were carried out with 100 berries from two cultivars and data from manual analysis and vision system analysis were extracted and compared. Results obtained proved the efficiency and accurateness of the developed laboratory vision based tool.
Performance evaluation of WiFi Direct for data dissemination in mobile social networks

WiFi Direct is a recent device-to-device communication technology standardized by the WiFi Alliance. Its increasing availability on popular mobile systems (e.g. Android) presents a unique opportunity for developers to implement mobile social networks (MSNs), a new paradigm that facilitates data dissemination without Internet access by leveraging human mobility and short-range communication technologies. Since WiFi Direct is not originally designed for such applications, it is significant to learn its performance in practice. In this paper, we investigate goodput and fairness of WiFi Direct for data dissemination in MSNs. To this end, we develop an MSN application and conduct three sets of experiments on a testbed comprising several Android devices. Experimental results show that the data loads and mobility of nodes greatly impact the goodput and fairness.
Rhythm in disguise: why singing may not hold the key to recovery from aphasia

The question of whether singing may be helpful for stroke patients with non-fluent aphasia has been debated for many years. However, the role of rhythm in speech recovery appears to have been neglected. In the current lesion study, we aimed to assess the relative importance of melody and rhythm for speech production in 17 non-fluent aphasics. Furthermore, we systematically alternated the lyrics to test for the influence of long-term memory and preserved motor automaticity in formulaic expressions. We controlled for vocal frequency variability, pitch accuracy, rhythmicity, syllable duration, phonetic complexity and other relevant factors, such as learning effects or the acoustic setting. Contrary to some opinion, our data suggest that singing may not be decisive for speech production in non-fluent aphasics. Instead, our results indicate that rhythm may be crucial, particularly for patients with lesions including the basal ganglia. Among the patients we studied, basal ganglia lesions accounted for more than 50% of the variance related to rhythmicity. Our findings therefore suggest that benefits typically attributed to melodic intoning in the past could actually have their roots in rhythm. Moreover, our data indicate that lyric production in non-fluent aphasics may be strongly mediated by long-term memory and motor automaticity, irrespective of whether lyrics are sung or spoken.
A relational theory of self : emergence and development.

A Relational Theory of Self: Emergence and Development February, 1984 James L. Singer, B.A., Villanova University M.A., Villanova University Ed.D. , University of Massachusetts Directed by: Professor Bailey Jackson A model of self, viewing the pivotal dynamic of origin and development primarily as what goes on between people, is presented. Symbolic Interactionism is utilized as a major reference in establishing a relational framework. Con¬ sciousness is introduced as an inner forum of dialectical composition of address and response with others and certain constructs such as meaning, objects, interactions, and interiorization are defined as derivatives of this process. The origins of dialectical composition are then traced and a view of the unconscious as an interactive experience is explored. The structure of a relational theory of self is then philosophicallly grounded and scientifically sequenced in the works of Martin Buber and Teilhard de Chardin as the roots of dialectical composition and complexity-conscious¬ ness are discussed. A paradigm shift is then presented which integrates earlier constructs and establishes the