Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contemporary, Yeast-based Approaches to Understanding Human Genetic Variation This Review Comes from a Themed Issue on Genetics of System Biology Systematic Analysis of Gene Dosage Sciencedirect

Determining how genetic variation contributes to human health and disease is a critical challenge. As one of the most genetically tractable model organisms, yeast has played a central role in meeting this challenge. The advent of new technologies, including high-throughput DNA sequencing and synthesis, proteomics, and computational methods, has vastly increased the power of yeast-based approaches to determine the consequences of human genetic variation. Recent successes include systematic exploration of the effects of gene dosage, large-scale analysis of the effect of coding variation on gene function, and the use of humanized yeast to model disease. By virtue of its manipulability, small genome size, and genetic tractability, yeast is poised to help us understand human genetic variation. Introduction With acceleration of sequencing technologies, many human genomes are becoming available from patients, tumors, and thousands of individuals from diverse populations. In parallel, linkage mapping, genome-wide association strategies, and analyses of de novo mutations are rapidly linking genomic regions to phenotypes including disease susceptibility. However, defining which genetic variants are causative for phenotype has become rate-limiting. Furthermore, the abundance of rare variation means that sequencing more genomes is unlikely to solve this problem (e.g. [1,2]). We propose that new technologies such as high-throughput DNA sequencing, proteomics, and computational approaches can empower model organism genetics to fill this gap by enabling high-throughput, generic, genome-scale functional assays for characterizing variation in the human genome. Yeast, especially the budding yeast S. cerevisiae, is uniquely suited to this task because of its versatility, small genome size, and powerful array of existing tools (reviewed in [3]). Methods for understanding the consequences of human variation using yeast fall into three broad categories: 1. systematic analysis of gene dosage; 2. recreation of human variants in their yeast orthologs; and 3. cross-species complementation and heterologous expression. In addition to enabling direct measurement of the consequences of specific genetic variants, work in yeast and other model organisms will be necessary for understanding the essential underlying biology. These larger biological questions include the distribution of effect sizes of genetic variants, the contribution of genetic modifiers and the role of epistasis more generally, and, of course, the fundamental molecular mechanisms by which genes and their variants act. Yeast is easily amenable to purposeful manipulation of gene dosage, most frequently via loss of function but increasingly by overexpression as well. Examining the resulting phenotypes can reveal the function of the element whose dosage is changed …
Periodic and traveling current-density distributions in high-voltage diodes caused by avalanche injection

Fast switching of high-voltage diodes from the forward-conducting state to the blocking state may result in avalanche injection at diode voltages far below the static breakdown voltage, when the concentration of free charge carriers in the space charge region exceeds the doping concentration. Under such conditions, the current-density may become non-uniform. Our numerical investigations on 3.3-kV and 13-kV diodes show that-depending on the turn-off conditions-diverse current-density patterns may arise. Two completely different types of periodic current-density distributions that may appear in high-power diodes during the reverse recovery period are investigated in detail by means of numerical calculations. Furthermore, the influence of the charge carrier lifetime and thermal effects on the evolution of the current-density patterns emerging from the periodic current-density distribution is discussed
Conjecture de type de Serre et formes compagnons pour GSp4

Abstract We present a Serre-type conjecture on the modularity of four-dimensional symplectic mod p Galois representations. We assume that the Galois representation is irreducible and odd (in the symplectic sense). The modularity condition is formulated using the étale and the algebraic de Rham cohomology of Siegel modular varieties of level prime to p. We concentrate on the case when the Galois representation is ordinary at p and we give a corresponding list of Serre weights. When the representation is moreover tamely ramified at p, we conjecture that all weights of this list are modular, otherwise we describe a subset of weights on the list that should be modular. We propose a construction of de Rham cohomology classes using the dual BGG complex, which should realise some of these weights.
EL FONDO DE UTILIDADES TRIBUTABLES (FUT): ELEMENTOS PARA LA DISCUSIÓN*

This paper analyzes the Taxable Profits Fund (TPF) from three different perspectives. First, it studies the historical context in which the TPF emerged, the specific objectives for which it was created and the main features of the tax regime that had existed prior to its implementation. Second, it describes in detail how the TPF has operated in practice and its main features. Third, it analyzes, from an economic standpoint, the incentives that the TPF offers for a reinvestment of profits. The analysis reveals that the TPF has been an effective tool that encourages companies to invest and save. The article additionally discusses the debate on the subject and the main proposals that have emerged in literature to improve specific aspects of income taxation in Chile.
The Chikungunya Virus Capsid Protein Contains Linear B Cell Epitopes in the N- and C-Terminal Regions that are Dependent on an Intact C-Terminus for Antibody Recognition

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne agent that causes severe arthritic disease in humans and is considered a serious health threat in areas where competent mosquito vectors are prevalent. CHIKV has recently been responsible for several millions of cases of disease, involving over 40 countries. The recent re-emergence of CHIKV and its potential threat to human health has stimulated interest in better understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of the virus, and requirement for improved treatment, prevention and control measures. In this study, we mapped the binding sites of a panel of eleven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) previously generated towards the capsid protein (CP) of CHIKV. Using N- and C-terminally truncated recombinant forms of the CHIKV CP, two putative binding regions, between residues 1–35 and 140–210, were identified. Competitive binding also revealed that five of the CP-specific mAbs recognized a series of overlapping epitopes in the latter domain. We also identified a smaller, N-terminally truncated product of native CP that may represent an alternative translation product of the CHIKV 26S RNA and have potential functional significance during CHIKV replication. Our data also provides evidence that the C-terminus of CP is required for authentic antigenic structure of CP. This study shows that these anti-CP mAbs will be valuable research tools for further investigating the structure and function of the CHIKV CP.
A Geometric Algorithm to Compute Time-Optimal Trajectories for a Bidirectional Steered Robot

This paper addresses the problem of determining time-optimal trajectories, between two specified configurations, for a nonholonomic bidirectional steered robot. It presents an original geometric reasoning that is grounded on Pontryagin's maximum principle, which provides analytical solutions of this problem in a visually clear way and allows for an effective algorithm to compute the exact optimal trajectories between two arbitrarily specified configurations. The proposed geometric reasoning is based on the analysis of the switching functions of the optimal controller and the definition of a switching vector from which it is able to determine a unit vector rotating along a unit circle of an appropriate coordinate system. It is shown that simple geometric rules are sufficient to determine all possible rotations of this unit vector, from which the time-optimal trajectories can be uniquely determined. The proposed algorithm, which is based on this geometric reasoning, is guaranteed to be complete and has a low computational cost. Moreover, the proposed geometric representation provides an interesting insight into the structure of this class of nonholonomic systems, thereby offering a model for further studies.
A Sport Tournament Scheduling by Genetic Algorithm with Swapping Method

A sport tournament problem is considered the Traveling Tournament Problem (TTP). One interesting type is the mirrored Traveling Tournament Problem (mTTP). The objective of the problem is to minimize either the total number of traveling or the total distances of traveling or both. This research aims to find an optimized solution of the mirrored Traveling Tournament Problem with minimum total number of traveling. The solutions consisting of traveling and scheduling tables are solved by using genetic algorithm (GA) with swapping method. The number of traveling of all teams from obtained solutions are close to the lower bound theory of number of traveling. Moreover, this algorithm generates better solutions than known results for most cases.
Job quality in Europe: the North-South divide

This paper examines the job quality in Europe. It is based on the results of the Fourth European Foundation Survey on working conditions covering different dimensions including work organisation, job content, autonomy at work, aspects of worker dignity, working time and work-life balance, working conditions and safety in the workplace. The results point to the existence of great diversity in the job quality across Europe and the north-south divide. The job quality differences are related to the variety of social and institutional contexts. The countries of Southern Europe, with their social and institutional contexts falling within the scope of the Mediterranean model, generally present indicators below the European average contrasting Nordic countries having the best job quality indicators.
Connected strangers : manipulating social perceptions to study trust

Economic views of trust, grounded in repeated game theory and behavioral economics experiments, largely ignore social factors such as personal relationships between subjects. In this study, we designed a new experimental procedure, the "Social Lending Game", in which aspects of trust are measured as a function of differing social contexts. The procedure harnesses real-world social relationships while keeping subjects' identities confidential. We developed relationship mining methods that categorize social connections into trustful ties, distrustful ties, and neutral ties. Subjects in the Social Lending Game were led to believe they were paired up with a stranger with real social connections to them. The perceived social connections were systematically manipulated to different types and strengths of social ties to measure the effect of social perception on trusting behavior. Surprisingly, we found that people trust strangers as much as they trust a friend's friend. In contrast, people distrust strangers when they are told that there exists no social connection to the strangers. These methods and results point to a number of future research topics that leverage social networks to reinvestigate utility theory, trust-based decisions and risk-taking behaviors in social contexts.
PTG Depletion Removes Lafora Bodies and Rescues the Fatal Epilepsy of Lafora Disease

Lafora disease is the most common teenage-onset neurodegenerative disease, the main teenage-onset form of progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME), and one of the severest epilepsies. Pathologically, a starch-like compound, polyglucosan, accumulates in neuronal cell bodies and overtakes neuronal small processes, mainly dendrites. Polyglucosan formation is catalyzed by glycogen synthase, which is activated through dephosphorylation by glycogen-associated protein phosphatase-1 (PP1). Here we remove PTG, one of the proteins that target PP1 to glycogen, from mice with Lafora disease. This results in near-complete disappearance of polyglucosans and in resolution of neurodegeneration and myoclonic epilepsy. This work discloses an entryway to treating this fatal epilepsy and potentially other glycogen storage diseases.
A low power high speed charge sharing LECTOR comparator

In todays scientific scenario the need for reducing power dissipation for high end devices like Analog to Digital Converters, operational amplifiers is of utmost importance. One of the important contributors to power dissipation is leakage current. In this paper we propose a charge sharing lector comparator which significantly reduces leakage current. The circuit is primarily based on the LECTOR technique with suitable sizing parameters employed to further reduce the power dissipation. This circuit results in the reduction of total average power by 68.83% at a frequency of 100MHz in comparison to charge sharing dynamic latch comparator [1] and delay is minimized to 89.6% . The circuit is implemented on 0.18m and 0.90m CMOS technology.
The role of the posterior cruciate ligament in total knee replacement

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) retention, PCL recession, and PCL excision during cruciate-retaining total knee replacement. Methods A total of 3018 anatomic graduated component total knee replacements were examined; 1846 of these retained the PCL, 455 PCLs were partially recessed, and in 717 the PCL was completely excised from the back of the tibia. Results Clinical scores between PCL groups favored excision for flexion (p < 0.0001), and recession and retention for stairs (p < 0.0001). There was a mild difference in long-term all-cause aseptic survivorship between PCL-retained (96.4% at 15 years) combined with PCL-recessed groups (96.6% at 15 years) when compared with the PCL-excised group (95.0% at 15 years) (p = 0.0411, Wilcoxon; p = 0.0042, log-rank), as well as tibial or femoral loosening, which reported prosthesis survival of 97.8% at 15 years for PCL-retained knees, 98.2% for recessed knees, and 96.4% for excised knees (p = 0.0934, Wilcoxon; p = 0.0202, log-rank). Conclusions Despite some trade off in clinical performance, if the PCL is detached at the time of operation, conversion to a posterior-stabilised prosthesis may not be necessarily required as long as stability in the anteroposterior and coronal planes is achieved.
CD98 at the crossroads of adaptive immunity and cancer

Adaptive immunity, a vertebrate specialization, adds memory and exquisite specificity to the basic innate immune responses present in invertebrates while conserving metabolic resources. In adaptive immunity, antigenic challenge requires extremely rapid proliferation of rare antigen-specific lymphocytes to produce large, clonally expanded effector populations that neutralize pathogens. Rapid proliferation and resulting clonal expansion are dependent on CD98, a protein whose well-conserved orthologs appear restricted to vertebrates. Thus, CD98 supports lymphocyte clonal expansion to enable protective adaptive immunity, an advantage that could account for the presence of CD98 in vertebrates. CD98 supports lymphocyte clonal expansion by amplifying integrin signals that enable proliferation and prevent apoptosis. These integrin-dependent signals can also provoke cancer development and invasion, anchorage-independence and the rapid proliferation of tumor cells. CD98 is highly expressed in many cancers and contributes to formation of tumors in experimental models. Strikingly, vertebrates, which possess highly conserved CD98 proteins, CD98-binding integrins and adaptive immunity, also display propensity towards invasive and metastatic tumors. In this Commentary, we review the roles of CD98 in lymphocyte biology and cancer. We suggest that the CD98 amplification of integrin signaling in adaptive immunity provides survival benefits to vertebrates, which, in turn, bear the price of increased susceptibility to cancer.
CHANGE AND EQUILIBRIUM IN THE URBAN SYSTEM

SEVERAL CONCEPTS ARE DISCUSSED IN REGARD TO URBAN MODELLING AND, MORE PARTICULARLY, HAVING TO DO WITH THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN VARIOUS URBAN POLICIES AND THE GOALS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONCEPT OF SYSTEM EQUILLIBRIUM. URBAN FORM IN ITS MOST GENERAL SENSE IS AN IMPORTANT OBJECT OF POLICY MANIPULATION; IT IMPLICITLY CONTROLS MANY OF THE ASPECTS OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE THAT PEOPLE APPRECIATE (POSITIVELY OR NEGATIVELY). THERE ARE ESSENTIALLY TWO COMPLEMENTARY WAYS OF LOOKING AT THE GENESIS OF URBAN FORM, STATIC AND DYNAMIC. THERE ARE TWO VERY BROAD CLASSES OF URBAN MODELS OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION. ONE CLASS PROVIDES AN EQUILIBRIUM DESCRIPTION OF URBAN DISTRIBUTION IN THE STATIC SENSE WITHOUT ARRIVING AT THIS CONCLUSION BY WAY OF AN EXAMINATION OF THE EQUILIBRATING PROCESS. THE FOLLOWING THREE EXAMPLES OF THIS TYPE OF MODEL ARE: (1) LOWRY DEFINES AN EQUILBRIUM DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION AND SERVICE ACTIVITES FOR PITTSBURGH BASED ON TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, TRAVEL PATTERNS, AND LOCATION OF EXPORT OR BASIC INDUSTRY, (2) THE CLASS OF GRAVITY MODELS USED IN THE LOCATION OF RETAIL TRADE, AND (3) THE HERBERT-STEVENS MODEL OF RESIDENTIAL LOCATION, WHICH IS BASED ON THE ALONSO THEORY OF THE LAND MARKET AND WHICH USES LINEAR PROGRAMMING TO ACHIEVE A PARETO OPTIMUM THAT IS ALSO A BEHAVIORAL, COMPETITIVE, MARKET-CLEARING SOLUTION AND THEREFORE A FORM OF EQUILIBRIUM. A MODEL DEVELOPED BY LAKSHMANAN AND HANSEN IS DESCRIBED THAT DEALS WITH A UNIFORM TYPE OF SUBREGIONAL SHOPPING CENTERS WITH FLOOR AREAS IN THE VICINITY OF 500,000 SQUARE FEET. THE FOLLOWING THREE ASSERTIONS WERE MADE: (1) PURCHASERS OR COMSUMERS TEND TO BEHAVE AS IN A GRAVITY MODEL, FOR ANY PARTICULAR CLASS OF TRIPS AS FOOD SHOPPING, (2) PRODUCERS ACHIEVE A SPATIAL EQUILIBRIUM BY ADJUSTING THE SIZE OF THEIR ACTIVITY TO SERVE JUST PRECISELY THE LEVEL OF ACTIVITY THAT IT WILL ATTRACT, AND (3) THIS ARRANGEMENT REPRESENTS A MINIMUM TRAVEL COST SCHEME FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE CONSUMER. A BROAD CLASS OF DYNAMIC MODELS CALLED URBAN OR REGIONAL GROWTH MODELS ARE DESCRIBED. A MODIFIED VERSION OF THE EMPIRIC MODELS DEVELOPED FOR APPLICATION IN THE BOSTON REGION IS DESCRIBED. IT IS A MULTILPE-EQUATION, MULTIPLE-VARIABLE DIFFERENCE EQUATION MODEL THAT IS CONSIDERED IN A MODIFIED FORM FOR SIMPLICITY.
Self-healing key management service for Mobile Ad hoc Networks

This paper presents a robust key management scheme for supporting the secure communication needs of emergency response operations. The proposed scheme aims to tolerate the dynamic nature of such operations where some system and network components may be damaged or redeployed frequently. Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is widely accepted to be a suitable approach to meet the communication needs of emergency response operations. Such operations tend to be carried out in an environment where existing infrastructures have been destroyed by natural disasters. Security is an important feature of the underlying Command, Control and Communication (C3) systems of emergency response operations. Security functions almost invariably require the support of some key management services. Distributed CA (DCA) is one of the most important schemes to key management in MANET; however the key management service may fail if some of the DCA nodes disappear from the system due to the physical damages in the harsh field environment or redeployment of some participating agencies. In this paper, we propose a self-healing key management service which is capable of detecting failure of DCA nodes and reconstructing the key management service automatically without requiring a trusted third party. Network simulation results shows that our scheme is effective in terms of failure detection and recovery and introduces only a very moderate communication overhead to the network in most of the time.
An algorithm of real-time rendering earth with atmosphere from the viewpoint near ground

A new algorithm is proposed to render the earth with atmospheric effects, in which the light intensity is analyzed and divided into three parts that can be calculated individually. Satellite remote sensing data is used to be inverted to ground bidirectional reflectance model. Texture of surface reflectance, optical depth, emissivity and temperature is generated in the phase of data processing, which is applied to GPU-based real-time rendering system. Thus light interacting effect between ground and atmosphere is realized. The method is proved to render the scene more realistic and immersive, and shows high efficiency and flexibility for complex application.
Hierarchical Fuzzy Support Vector Machine (SVM) for Rail Data Classification

Abstract This study aims at designing a modelling architecture to deal with the imbalanced data relating to the production of rails. The modelling techniques are based on Support Vector Machines (SVMs) which are sensitive to class imbalance. An internal (Biased Fuzzy SVM) and external (data under-sampling) class imbalance learning methods were applied to the data. The performance of the techniques when implemented on the latter was better, while in both cases the inclusion of a fuzzy membership improved the performance of the SVM. Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) Clustering was analysed for reducing the number of support vectors of the Fuzzy SVM model, concluding it is effective in reducing model complexity without any significant performance deterioration.
Improving Website User Model Automatically Using a Comprehensive Lexical Semantic Resource

A major component in any Web personalization system is its user model. Recently a number of researches have been done to incorporate semantics of a Web site in representation of its users. All of these efforts use either a specific manually constructed taxonomy or ontology or a general purpose one like WordNet to map page views into semantic elements. However, building a hierarchy of concepts manually is time consuming and expensive. On the other hand, general purpose resources suffer from low coverage of domain specific terms. In this paper we intend to address both these shortcomings. Our contribution is that we introduce a mechanism to automatically improve the representation of the user in the Web site using a comprehensive lexical semantic resource. We utilize Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia to date, as a rich lexical resource to enhance the automatic construction of vector model representation of user interests. We evaluate the effectiveness of the resulting model using concepts extracted from this promising resource.