Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AUTOMATED EVALUATION AND TEST OF READOUT INTERFACE FOR MEMS MICROPHONE PROTOTYPE CHIPS

1. Introduction Testing is an important part of design and production of integrated circuits. Such testing of proper function of the circuits consumes a lot of time and resources. It is necessary to set and evaluate lots of parameters in analog testing. It is very inefficient in manual implementation. This testing can be speeded up by using automatic measurements. Professional testing equipment are very expensive. For example, to measure the harmonic distortion is used spectrum analyzer, which is not standard equipment of most labs. Therefore it is necessary to look for other approaches of cheaper testing by using more affordable of measuring instruments. For this purpose, we designed a computer software, which can perform automated measurements by using the function generator and oscilloscope.
uantifying ecological thresholds from response surfaces

Ecological thresholds are abrupt changes of ecological state. While an ecological threshold is a widely accepted concept, most empirical methods detect them in time or across geographic space. Although useful, these approaches do not quantify the direct drivers of threshold response. Causal understanding of thresholds detected empirically requires their investigation in a multi-factor domain containing the direct drivers (often referred to as state space). Here, we present an approach to quantify thresholds from response surfaces modeled empirically in state space. We present two indices of shape attributes measured from response surfaces. The response surfaces are built using a regression method in state space. The indices are threshold strength (T) and diagonality (D). We use 48 simulated response surfaces of different shapes to test the efficacy of the indices in 3D. Our results show that T is sensitive to the steepness of the transition from one state to the next, with various forms of abrupt, centralized thresholds yielding the highest values among the simulated surfaces. D represents the orientation of the response surface or the simultaneous influence of more than one predictor in eliciting the response gradient. Strongly diagonal surfaces have the most diagonal surface area demonstrated by sharply undulating diagonal surfaces. Given that the success of T and D requires a regression method to accurately capture any shape of complex data structure, we also test the accuracy of empirical regression methods known
Ontotherapy, or how to stop worrying about what there is

The paper argues that Guarino is right that ontologies are different from thesauri and similar objects, but not in the ways he believes: they are distinguished from essentially linguistic objects like thesauri and hierarchies of conceptual relations because they unpack, ultimately, in terms of sets of objects and individuals. However this is a lonely status, and without much application outside strict scientific and engineering disciplines, and of no direct relevance to language processing (NLP). More interesting structures, of NLP relevance, that encode conceptual knowledge, cannot be subjected to the “cleaning up” techniques that Guarino advocates, because his conditions are too strict to be applicable, and because the terms used in such structures retain their language-like features of ambiguity and vagueness, and in a way that cannot be eliminated by reference to sets of objects, as it can be in ontologies in the narrow sense. Wordnet is a structure that remains useful to NLP, and has within it features of both types (ontologies and conceptual hierarchies) and its function and usefulness will remain, properly, resistant to Guarino’s techniques, because those rest on a misunderstanding about concepts. The ultimate way out of such disputes can only come from automatic construction and evaluation procedures for conceptual and ontological structures from data, which is to say, corpora.
More Than a ‘Little Act of Kindness’? Towards a Typology of Volunteering as Unpaid Work

Definitions of volunteering are widespread and complex, yet relatively little attention is given to volunteering as unpaid work, even though it intersects with the worlds of paid employment and the domestic sphere, cutting across individual/collective and public/private spaces. This article advances a typology of volunteering work (altruistic, instrumental, militant and forced volunteering/‘voluntolding’) that illuminates the complexity and dynamism of volunteering. Using qualitative data from a study of 30 volunteers to explore practices of volunteering as they unfold in daily life, the typology provides much-needed conceptual building blocks for a theory of ‘volunteering as unpaid work’. This perspective helps transcend the binaries prevalent in the sociology of work and provides a lens to rethink what counts as work in contemporary society. It also invites further research about the effects of ‘voluntolding’ on individuals and society, and on the complex relationship between volunteering work and outcomes at a personal and collective level.
Markers of a hypercoagulable state following acute ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The nature of hematologic disorders in different stroke subtypes remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to clarify the differences in the coagulation and fibrinolytic activities among ischemic stroke subtypes. METHODS We performed sequential measurements of hematologic parameters in 21 patients with acute cardioembolic stroke, 10 patients with atherothrombotic stroke, 23 patients with lacunar stroke, and 20 age-matched controls. RESULTS A marked elevation of plasma concentrations of the thrombin-antithrombin III complex and crosslinked D-dimer was observed only in cardioembolic stroke within 48 hours of onset (p less than 0.01), persisting for one month with a gradual decline. In atherothrombotic stroke, however, the level of crosslinked D-dimer was not elevated at the onset, but increased seven days after onset (p less than 0.01). No significant changes in these marker levels were observed in lacunar stroke. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the nature of altered coagulation and fibrinolysis are different in various subtypes of ischemic stroke, and that an assessment of these hematologic parameters may be useful for the early classification of these subtypes.
The mastery of English language among lower secondary school students in Malaysia: A linguistic analysis

Teaching English language is a big challenge in this country. Students are still unable to acquire or even comprehend the language even after eleven years of learning the language at the primary and secondary levels. A study conducted on 315 Form Two students’ shows that the most obvious weaknesses of the students lay in the area of grammar, particularly in the aspects of morphology and syntax. Some of the problematic grammatical categories are affixes, adverbs, adjectives, plural forms, copula, subject-verb agreement. This contributes 60% of the total mistakes committed by the students. It is apparent that the attributing factor is the different grammatical structures between Malay and English. For example, Malay does not have morphological markers for adverbs (i.e. –ly) plurality (i.e. -s,-es), superlative form for adjectives (i.e –er, -est) and these are some of the constraints the students face in learning the English language. Meanwhile, the different structure in syntax can be seen in relative pronouns, subject-verb agreement, copula and determiners, thus make the subject even more difficult to learn. Apart from the linguistics obstacles, the social surroundings such as attitude towards the language and the environment that do not encourage them to use the language have worsened the effort of acquiring the language.
Automatic recognition of landslide based on CNN and texture change detection

Landslide is a common disaster that brings huge threat to the safety of human beings' life and property. Because of the remote sensing technology, our efficiency of disaster monitoring has been improved. However, traditional methods usually need the participation of humans thus causing waste of manpower and material resources. A novel method which can conduct automatic recognition of landslide based on convolutional neural network (CNN) and texture change detection is proposed in this paper. Using three steps to gradually narrow the search scope and finally confirm the authentic landslide areas, which outperforms the traditional methods in avoiding a large scale of error detection, efficiency and convenience. The remote sensing image of Shenzhen's landslide areas is chosen to conduct our methods. And the results of the experiments show that the proposed method can effectively extract the areas of landslides and achieve a low commission error.
Answering Queries Using Views over Description Logics Knowledge Bases

Answering queries using views amounts to computing the answer to a query having information only on the extension of a set of precomputed queries (views). This problem is relevant in several fields, such as information integration, query optimization, and data warehousing, and has been studied recently in different settings. In this paper we address answering queries using views in a setting where intensional knowledge about the domain is represented using a very expressive Description Logic equipped with n-ary relations, and queries are nonrecursive datalog queries whose predicates are the concepts and relations that appear in the Description Logic knowledge base. We study the problem under different assumptions, namely, closed and open domain, and sound, complete, and exact information on view extensions. We show that under the closed domain assumption, in which the set of all objects in the knowledge base coincides with the set of objects stored in the views, answering queries using views is already intractable. We show also that under the open domain assumption the problem is decidable in double exponential time.
Super-resolved Digests of Humans in Video

This paper describes a hierarchical approach towards the extraction of highly informative summarized information of humans from video sequences. Objects of interest, such as facial features, are detected through transformation-invariant clustering of the frames, iteratively from bigger to smaller regions, and then expressed with an information-rich representation obtained by super-resolution. To guarantee the fundamental constraints under which the super-resolution process is well-behaved, we propose a Bayesian framework that integrates the uncertainties in the registration of the frames. The ultimate product of the overall process is a strip of images that describe at high resolution the dynamics of the video, switching between alternative local descriptions in response to visual changes.
Emerging semantics to link phenotype and environment

Understanding the interplay between environmental conditions and phenotypes is a fundamental goal of biology. Unfortunately, data that include observations on phenotype and environment are highly heterogeneous and thus difficult to find and integrate. One approach that is likely to improve the status quo involves the use of ontologies to standardize and link data about phenotypes and environments. Specifying and linking data through ontologies will allow researchers to increase the scope and flexibility of large-scale analyses aided by modern computing methods. Investments in this area would advance diverse fields such as ecology, phylogenetics, and conservation biology. While several biological ontologies are well-developed, using them to link phenotypes and environments is rare because of gaps in ontological coverage and limits to interoperability among ontologies and disciplines. In this manuscript, we present (1) use cases from diverse disciplines to illustrate questions that could be answered more efficiently using a robust linkage between phenotypes and environments, (2) two proof-of-concept analyses that show the value of linking phenotypes to environments in fishes and amphibians, and (3) two proposed example data models for linking phenotypes and environments using the extensible observation ontology (OBOE) and the Biological Collections Ontology (BCO); these provide a starting point for the development of a data model linking phenotypes and environments.
Clinical Heterogeneity of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in the Emergency Department: Impact on Clinical Outcome

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is mainly classified into acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) and acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN). Although diagnosis of GBS requires progressive weakness and universal areflexia or hyporeflexia, cases of GBS with preserved or increased deep tendon reflexes (DTRs) have been increasingly recognized. We report three cases of GBS, presenting at a single unit in six months. Our first case presented with pure sensory symptoms. The second case had nonspecific generalized weakness, while the third presented with typical ascending weakness. One of our patients had preserved DTRs, while the other two had increased DTRs. Our two cases with hyperreflexia were found to have a preceding Campylobacter jejuni infection and anti-ganglioside antibodies, and their electrophysiological studies revealed AMAN. The other case had an AIDP. Only one case was offered a diagnosis and treatment from the first emergency department (ED) visit and had a better clinical outcome. Clinical diagnosis of GBS in the ED can be challenging. Delay in diagnosis of GBS in the ED is common due to cases with intact or increased DTRs, atypical pattern of weakness, or pure sensory symptoms. Emergency physicians should be aware of GBS clinical heterogeneity, because early diagnosis and treatment improve clinical outcome.
A pragmatic solution to the polysemy paradox *

This paper investigates the phenomenon of polysemy: a single word with two or multiple related senses (e.g. run in run a half marathon, run on gasoline, run a shop , etc.). While it is largely unproblematic from the p oint of view of communication, polysemy poses a range of theoretical and descripti ve problems. This has been described as the polysemy paradox (Ravin & Leacock 2000). In this paper, I claim that the source of the paradox lies with the tradit ional assumption that polysemy is primarily a fact about language, i.e. a phenomenon requiring an explanation in ter ms of the workings of the language system. Against thi s lexical semantic view, I argue that polysemy should be seen as a natural consequen ce of how communication works; it results from our capacity to infer the me anings/thoughts that speakers intend to communicate to us, taking the linguistic evidence as crucial but not fully determining of content. In this way, polysemy is ro oted in the more general phenomenon of underdetermination of a speaker’s mea ning by the language, whose study belongs to the realm of pragmatics. This prag matic approach, I argue, provides a more promising way of tackling the theoretical ch allenges posed by polysemy: one that contributes to resolving the paradox.
A hybrid strategy for Gilbert' s channel characterization using gradient and annealing techniques

This paper presents a hybrid algorithm for estimating Gilbert's channel model parameters from an experimental error-gap distribution. A stochastic simulated annealing algorithm is applied to determine automatically a set of good starting points, which are then used by the deterministic gradient algorithm for faster convergence to the global optimum. Simulation results indicate that, for channel characterization, this hybrid strategy provides an ideal compromise between modelling accuracy and convergence time.
The Psychiatry of Tourette Syndrome

Abstract Tourette syndrome (TS) has been conceptualized as a psychological problem, a neurological problem, and more recently a neurobehavioral problem. Each conceptual model has had an impact on how persons with TS view themselves and how practitioners view individuals with TS, as well as an impact on what both clinicians and patients expect from diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews the common comorbid psychiatric disorders and their relationship to TS, and discusses how the evolving conceptions of TS have impacted psychologically on persons with tics and TS, as well as on the providers who treat them.
Searching for Compilation Sequences

A growing body of literature on adaptive compilation suggests that using program-specific [7] or function-specific [24] compilation sequences can produce consistent improvements over compiling the same code with a traditional fixed-sequence compiler [18, 1, 27, 24]. The early work on this problem used genetic algorithms (GAs) [7]. GAs find good solutions to these problems. However, they must probe the search space thousands of times; each probe compiles and evaluates the code. To build a practical compiler that discovers good compilation sequences, we need techniques that find good sequences with much less effort than the GAs require. To find such techniques, we embarked on a detailed study of the search spaces in which the compiler operates. By understanding the properties of these spaces, we can design more effective searches. This paper focuses on effective search algorithms for the problem of choosing compilation sequences – an ordered list of optimizations to apply to the input program. It summarizes the search-space properties that we discovered in our studies. It presents and evaluates two new search methods, designed with knowledge of the search-space properties. It compares the new methods against the best sequence-finding GA that we have developed. Our new search methods can find good solutions with 400 to 600 probes. The first GA for sequence finding required 10,000 to 20,000 probes [7]. Our most effective GA runs for 2,300 probes. The strength of these results validates our paradigm – learn about the spaces and use that knowledge to improve the search techniques. ∗This work has been supported by the Los Alamos Computer Science Institute and by the National Science Foundation through grant CCR-0205303. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Copyright 200X ACM X-XXXXX-XX-X/XX/XX . $5.00.
Structure and motion from kinetic depth

The paper deals with the structure{motion problem for images of point conngurations taken by uncalibrated cameras. Using a parametrization by aane shape and kinetic depth, a complete and explicit characterization of the imaging geometry is given, including the shape of the object connguration and the relative positions of the cameras .
Using A PDA Interface To Access

Mobile devices and wireless networks are a useful technology to support the emergency communication when a catastrophe occurs in a country or countries. In fact, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and wireless communications can help the Delegate, an eyewitness who travels to the country affected by disaster mitigation to keep his country informed about the situation which he has been living there, not only receiving and sending information, but also working online with applications. Latin-American Countries often suffer catastrophes that provoke numerous human losses and major economic and social problems. International assistance is necessary to collaborate with the affected country in its recovery. In this paper, we introduce ARCE, an inter-state tool that promotes collaboration among the members of the LatinAmerican Association of Governmental Organism of Civil Defense and Protection, involving twenty-one Latin-American countries in the event of disaster, and we describe m-ARCE, an application for mobile devices, such as PDA, and wireless networks, which has the goal of helping the Delegate in her task.
On the use of morphological constraints in n-gram statistical language model

State of the art Speech Recognition systems use statistical language modeling and in particular N-gram models to represent the language structure. The Arabic language has a rich morphology, which motivates the introduction of morphological constraints in the language model. Class-based N-gram models have shown satisfactory results, especially for language model adaptation and training from reduced datasets. They were also proven quite effective in their use of memory space. In this paper, we investigate a new morphological classbased language model. Morphological rules are used to derive the different words in a class from their stem. As morphological analyzer, a rule-based stemming method is proposed for the Arabic language. The language model has been evaluated on a database composed of articles from Lebanese newspaper Al-Nahar for the years 1998 and 1999. In addition, a linear interpolation between the N-gram model and the morphological model is also evaluated. Preliminary experiments detailed in this paper show satisfactory results.
Evolution of Stress Response in the Face of Unreliable Environmental Signals

Most organisms live in ever-changing environments, and have to cope with a range of different conditions. Often, the set of biological traits that are needed to grow, reproduce, and survive varies between conditions. As a consequence, organisms have evolved sensory systems to detect environmental signals, and to modify the expression of biological traits in response. However, there are limits to the ability of such plastic responses to cope with changing environments. Sometimes, environmental shifts might occur suddenly, and without preceding signals, so that organisms might not have time to react. Other times, signals might be unreliable, causing organisms to prepare themselves for changes that then do not occur. Here, we focus on such unreliable signals that indicate the onset of adverse conditions. We use analytical and individual-based models to investigate the evolution of simple rules that organisms use to decide whether or not to switch to a protective state. We find evolutionary transitions towards organisms that use a combination of random switching and switching in response to the signal. We also observe that, in spatially heterogeneous environments, selection on the switching strategy depends on the composition of the population, and on population size. These results are in line with recent experiments that showed that many unicellular organisms can attain different phenotypic states in a probabilistic manner, and lead to testable predictions about how this could help organisms cope with unreliable signals.
Coexistence Analysis and Cognitive Opportunities Selection in GSM Bands

This paper presents a characterization of spectrum opportunities in GSM900 downlink bands, for fixed and mobile scenarios. A testbed to analyze coexistence between the licensed GSM900 downlink system and an OFDM based secondary system that opportunistically shares the same spectrum is presented. Coexistence analysis is based on metrics such as spectrum collisions rate and the secondary system throughput. Using this testbed a cognitive mechanism to classify and select stable opportunities is evaluated in realistic scenarios. Keywords-Cognitive radio, GSM900, coexistence, sensing.