Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emergency department visits for antibiotic-associated adverse events.

BACKGROUND Drug-related adverse events are an under-appreciated consequence of antibiotic use, and the national magnitude and scope of these events have not been studied. Our objective was to estimate and compare the numbers and rates of emergency department (ED) visits for drug-related adverse events associated with systemic antibiotics in the United States by drug class, individual drug, and event type. METHODS We analyzed drug-related adverse events from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance project (2004-2006) and outpatient prescriptions from national sample surveys of ambulatory care practices, the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (2004-2005). RESULTS On the basis of 6614 cases, an estimated 142,505 visits (95% confidence interval [CI], 116,506-168,504 visits) annually were made to US EDs for drug-related adverse events attributable to systemic antibiotics. Antibiotics were implicated in 19.3% of all ED visits for drug-related adverse events. Most ED visits for antibiotic-associated adverse events were for allergic reactions (78.7% of visits; 95% CI, 75.3%-82.1% of visits). One-half of the estimated ED visits were attributable to penicillins (36.9% of visits; 95% CI, 34.7%-39.2% of visits) and cephalosporins (12.2%; 95% CI, 10.9%-13.5%). Among commonly prescribed antibiotics, sulfonamides and clindamycin were associated with the highest rate of ED visits (18.9 ED visits per 10,000 outpatient prescription visits [95% CI, 13.1-24.7 ED visits per 10,000 outpatient prescription visits] and 18.5 ED visits per 10,000 outpatient prescription visits [95% CI, 12.1-25.0 ED visits per 10,000 outpatient prescription visits], respectively). Compared with all other antibiotic classes, sulfonamides were associated with a significantly higher rate of moderate-to-severe allergic reactions (4.3% [95% CI, 2.9%-5.8%] vs. 1.9 % [95% CI, 1.5%-2.3%]), and sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones were associated with a significantly higher rate of neurologic or psychiatric disturbances (1.4% [95% CI, 1.0%-1.7%] vs. 0.5% [95% CI, 0.4%-0.6%]). CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic-associated adverse events lead to many ED visits, and allergic reactions are the most common events. Minimizing unnecessary antibiotic use by even a small percentage could significantly reduce the immediate and direct risks of drug-related adverse events in individual patients.
Anything new or more of the same? Wars and military interventions in the international system, 1946–2003

In order systematically to trace the transformation of warfare on the global level, this article analyses the occurrence of different types of war in the contemporary international system. Starting from the hypothesis that change in the social institution of warfare is anything but new, the aim is threefold. In the first part the article examines our empirical knowledge about the changing patterns of violent conflict and critically discusses the assumption of a qualitative transformation from ‘old’ to ‘new’ wars. Secondly an actor-based classification is proposed, which avoids attractive simplifications and which includes the often overlooked dimensions of sub-state warfare and military interventions in current conflicts. Thirdly, based on the conceptual framework, the article analyses empirically the identified forms of collective violence (wars, military interventions) and changes among the types over time by application of a new data set, covering the period 1946–2003. One of the empirical results is that it would be premature to either ignore ‘old’ intra-state wars (anti-regime or secession wars) or even to regard inter-state wars as on the brink of extinction. Even though sub-state wars have clearly gained in importance over the past two decades, they have not become the dominant form of violence. Nevertheless, the proposed integration of a sub-state category draws our attention to similarities and dissimilarities across different classes of war and suggests an improved perspective for the analysis of their correlates and etiologies.
Produsage: a closer look at continuing developments

The concept of produsage developed from the realisation that new language was needed to describe the new phenomena emerging from the intersection of Web 2.0, user-generated content, and social media since the early years of the new millennium. When hundreds, thousands, maybe tens of thousands of participants utilise online platforms to collaborate in the development and continuous improvement of a wide variety of content – from software to informational resources to creative works –, and when this work takes place through a series of more or less unplanned, ad hoc, almost random cooperative encounters, then to describe these processes using terms which were developed during the industrial revolution no longer makes much sense. When – exactly because what takes place here is no longer a form of production in any conventional sense of the word – the outcomes of these massively distributed collaborations appear in the form of constantly changing, permanently mutable bodies of work which are owned at once by everyone and no-one, by the community of contributors as a whole but by none of them as individuals, then to conceptualise them as fixed and complete products in the industrial meaning of the term is missing the point. When what results from these efforts is of a quality (in both depth and breadth) that enables it to substitute for, replace, and even undermine the business model of long-established industrial products, even though precariously it relies on volunteer contributions, and when their volunteering efforts make it possible for some contributors to find semi- or fully professional employment in their field, then conventional industrial logic is put on its head.
Evaluation of the capacity to recognize the facial expression of emotions in psychiatry residents throughout three years of training

SUMMARY Facial emotion recognition in mental health professionals may be influenced by their psychological state of mind and attachment experiences. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between current psychological symptoms and attachment styles, and the ability of psychiatry residents to correctly identify the facial expressions of emotions throughout their three-year period of psychiatry training. Sixteen psychiatry residents were recruited in a highly specialized mental health center. In order to evaluate the subjects’ psychiatric symptoms, the Checklist (SCL-90) and Attachment Styles Questionnaire (ASQ). Likewise, were used to examine the ability to recognize facial expressions of emotion, we chose the Picture of Facial Affect (POFA). During the psychiatric residency, the severity of psychiatric symptoms was minimal in all participants. Fear was the least-well recognized emotion, both initially and in the third year of residency, while neutral emotion was recognized best at both times. Significant changes in time were observed in the recognition of sadness and disgust. No significant associations were found between attachment styles and the changes in time observed in depressive and anxiety symptoms in psychiatry residents.
Benchmarking superpixel descriptors

Superpixels are useful intermediate representations for many computer vision tasks. While the segmentation step is well studied, the subsequent creation of meaningful descriptors lacks this foundation. Superpixels have similar properties like affine covariant regions (keypoints), but there are fundamental differences that led to a different set of commonly used descriptors. In this paper we work towards general insights on requirements and properties of superpixel descriptors as well as a framework for experimental comparison. More precisely, we want to answer the question: Given superpixels from different images, what can superpixel descriptors tell about the ground truth overlap of the segments in the world? We propose and discuss an evaluation methodology based on image sequences with ground truth optical flow. Further, we present results of several types of superpixel descriptors and discuss the influence of the used segmentation algorithm as well as the problem of visual ambiguity in oversegmentations.
Quantitative symplectic geometry

A symplectic manifold ( M, ω ) is a smooth manifold M endowed with a non-degenerate and closed 2-form ω . By Darboux’s Theorem such a manifold looks locally like an open set in some R 2 n ∼ = C n with the standard symplectic form and so symplectic manifolds have no local invariants. This is in sharp contrast to Riemannian manifolds, for which the Riemannian metric admits various curvature invariants. Symplectic manifolds do however admit many global numerical invariants, and prominent among them are the so-called symplectic capacities. Symplectic capacities the ﬁrst capacity Since lots of new capacities 30, 32, 44, 49, 59, 60, 90, 99] and they were further studied in 2, 8, 9, 17, 26, 21, 28, 31, 35, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 46, 48, 50, 52, 56, 57, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 74, 75, 76, 88, 89, 91, 92, 94, 97, 98]. Surveys on symplectic capacities are 50, 55, 69, 97]. Diﬀerent capacities are deﬁned in diﬀerent ways, and so relations between capacities often lead to surprising relations between diﬀerent aspects of symplectic geometry and Hamiltonian dynamics. This is illustrated in § 2, where we discuss some examples of symplectic capacities and describe a few consequences of their existence. In § 3 we present an attempt to
Max-margin Classification of Data with Absent Features

We consider the problem of learning classifiers in structured domains, where some objects have a subset of features that are inherently absent due to complex relationships between the features. Unlike the case where a feature exists but its value is not observed, here we focus on the case where a feature may not even exist (structurally absent) for some of the samples. The common approach for handling missing features in discriminative models is to first complete their unknown values, and then use a standard classification procedure over the completed data. This paper focuses on features that are known to be non-existing, rather than have an unknown value. We show how incomplete data can be classified directly without any completion of the missing features using a max-margin learning framework. We formulate an objective function, based on the geometric interpretation of the margin, that aims to maximize the margin of each sample in its own relevant subspace. In this formulation, the linearly separable case can be transformed into a binary search over a series of second order cone programs (SOCP), a convex problem that can be solved efficiently. We also describe two approaches for optimizing the general case: an approximation that can be solved as a standard quadratic program (QP) and an iterative approach for solving the exact problem. By avoiding the pre-processing phase in which the data is completed, both of these approaches could offer considerable computational savings. More importantly, we show that the elegant handling of missing values by our approach allows it to both outperform other methods when the missing values have non-trivial structure, and be competitive with other methods when the values are missing at random. We demonstrate our results on several standard benchmarks and two real-world problems: edge prediction in metabolic pathways, and automobile detection in natural images.
Misspecified Nonconvex Statistical Optimization for Phase Retrieval

Existing nonconvex statistical optimization theory and methods crucially rely on the correct specification of the underlying "true" statistical models. To address this issue, we take a first step towards taming model misspecification by studying the high-dimensional sparse phase retrieval problem with misspecified link functions. In particular, we propose a simple variant of the thresholded Wirtinger flow algorithm that, given a proper initialization, linearly converges to an estimator with optimal statistical accuracy for a broad family of unknown link functions. We further provide extensive numerical experiments to support our theoretical findings.
KeyKOS architecture

This paper introduces the Architecture of KeyKOS ~M* , a capability-based operating system for the I B M System 13 70. We attempt to tel I enough so that certain arguments and conclusions about its properties can be formed. Our description attempts to be essentially complete concerning the function of the kernel** which comprises the privileged-mode code. Precision is attempted even while suppressing detail and omitting some unimportant architectural features.
By the seat of your pants: indigenous action and state response

John Friedmann has summed up well the idealism that probably attracts most planners to the field. He characterizes planning as “a calling that implie(s) an ethical commitment to the future, a commitment to make a difference in the world” (Friedmann, 2002, p. 151). Nowhere is that calling more apposite than in planning with indigenous communities. Based on our extensive experience in planning with indigenous communities, Hibbard in the US and Lane in Australia, this article explores the contribution of planning to resolving resource conflicts between indigenous and non-indigenous actors. We are especially keen to show the possibilities of planning as a way to strengthen indigenous communities’ autonomy and their capacity to regain and manage their custodial lands. Numerous scholars and practitioners have argued that the question of indigenous peoples’ capacity to guide and control their own fate, their sovereignty, is one of the most important issues confronting post-colonial states today (see, e.g. Cornell, 1988; Howitt et al. 1996; Ivison et al. 2000; Rangan & Lane, 2001; Zaferatos, 1998). Those involved in the sovereignty rights movement that emerged around the world in the 1970s think of sovereignty in terms of three interlocking matters: how to have some measure of political autonomy; how to maintain particular sets of social relations and more or less distinct cultural orders; and how to maintain or regain control over resources, especially land. The demand of indigenous peoples for sovereignty emerges, in part, because of the
Stimulation of the synthesis of very low density lipoproteins in rooster liver by estradiol.

Abstract A sensitive, specific, and rapid immunochemical method for the measurement of the synthesis of lipoproteins in rooster liver is described. Incubation of liver slices with [3H]leucine resulted in the incorporation of radioactivity into protein material that could be precipitated from crude extracts by a monospecific antibody directed against the antigen common to plasma very low density and low density lipoproteins (very low density lipoprotein antigen). Use of this assay permitted the demonstration of a 4-fold increase in the rate of hepatic synthesis of the very low density lipoprotein antigen occurring 16 hours after the administration of estrogen to roosters. Since under these conditions as much as 18% of the total protein synthesized by the rooster liver represented very low density lipoprotein antigen, this system may provide a model for studying not only the effect of a steroid hormone on specific gene expression but also the mechanism of regulation of very low density lipoprotein synthesis in higher animals.
A practical system for identifying gifted and talented students *

This article presents the three‐ring conception of giftedness. A detailed process is presented illustrating how students can be effectively screened for gifted and talented programs through the three‐ring conception approach. ∗A version of this paper first appeared in Roeper Review: A Journal of Gifted Education, Volume 11, No. 1. Permission is gratefully acknowledged.
Comparing chirplet-based classification with alternate feature-extraction approaches for outdoor intrusion detection using a pir sensor platform

Prior work by a subset of the authors led to the development of a Pyroelectric Infrared (PIR) sensor platform for the purposes of distinguishing in an outdoor environment, between human and animal intrusion while rejecting false alarms arising from wind-blown vegetation. The algorithm employed there, modeled the intrusion signal as a linear combination of chirplets. The extracted chirplet-based features were fed to Support Vector Machine (SVM) for the classification. This resulted in a platform that, under the tested conditions, resulted in high classification accuracy, in excess of 95%. The current paper is aimed at determining the extent to which the classification accuracy could be attributed to the use of the algorithm employed. Fifteen different algorithms for intrusion detection and classification are examined in the current paper, these operate on a database that builds on top of the earlier database. These fifteen algorithms correspond to the different possible pairings obtained by selecting from among 5 feature-vectors and 3 classifiers. The results show that the chirplet-based feature extractor to play a major role in achieving high-accuracy classification, easily beating the performance of the other feature extractors, particularly in terms of the more challenging task of separating intrusion from vegetative clutter. The two principal conclusions that can perhaps be drawn here are that (a) chirplet-decomposition can be a very effective feature-extractor in the case of a PIR signal and (b) it is important to incorporate domain knowledge where possible in designing the most effective classification algorithms.
Assessment of acute morbidity and mortality in nonconvulsive status epilepticus

Objectives: The natural history of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is not well defined, especially mortality and morbidity. The authors hypothesized that the mortality of NCSE is higher when NCSE is due to acute medical causes (systemic or neurologic) or associated with severe impairment of mental status or with acute complications, and lower when associated with generalized spike-wave (SW) discharges on EEG. Methods: The authors retrospectively identified 100 consecutive patients with NCSE from an EEG database. Data were collected from systematic review of medical records and actual EEG tracings. Specific etiologies were divided into three groups: acute medical, epilepsy, and cryptogenic. Results: Of the 100 patients, 18 died. Fourteen of 52 patients in the acute medical group died, 1 of 31 in the epilepsy group died, and 3 of 17 in the cryptogenic group died. Mental status impairment was severe in 33, complications occurred in 39, and generalized SW discharges occurred in 36. Mortality rates were higher in patients 1) in the acute medical group (27%) vs the epilepsy (3%) and the cryptogenic (18%) groups (p < 0.02), 2) with severe mental status impairment (39%) compared to those with mild impairment (7%, p < 0.001), and 3) with acute complications (36%) when compared with those without complications (7%, p < 0.0002). The presence of generalized SW discharges on EEG did not correlate with mortality. Mental status impairment and etiology were independently associated with mortality (p < 0.001). Conclusion: NCSE is associated with substantial mortality. Mortality is associated with an acute medical cause as the underlying etiology, severe mental status impairment, and development of acute complications, but not the type of EEG discharge.
FRIENDS Parent Project: Effectiveness of Parent Training in Reducing Parent Anxiety in a Universal Prevention Program for Anxiety Symptoms in School Children

Abstract Anxiety is the most pervasive childhood mental health disorder today. This study examined the parent component of a school-based universal prevention and early intervention program. Participating parents (N = 122) completed four measures on anxiety, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, before and after the parent program. The effectiveness of the program was investigated by analysing mean scores of the parent self-reported anxiety symptoms and parent reports of child anxiety symptoms. The main analyses conducted were 2 × 2 between-within ANOVAs for each measure. The hypothesis that parents who participated in the program (n = 20) would report reduced anxiety symptoms for themselves and for their children when compared to parents who did not attend (n = 120) was not confirmed. The parent's satisfaction level with the program was also studied, with high acceptability ratings providing strong social validity for this program. Implications of the findings, strengths, limitations and suggestions for further research are discussed.
Codec independent region of interest video coding using a joint pre- and postprocessing framework

For low bit rate scenarios (video conferencing, aerial surveillance), conventional video coding is unable to meet the small bit rate and high quality requirements. In contrast to that Region of Interest (ROI) coding provides an efficient compression by improving the quality of ROIs at the expense of non-ROIs. We also transmit ROI only, but reconstruct non-ROI from already transmitted content by means of global motion compensation in order to provide a high quality for the full frame. Previous ROI coding systems modified the video codec to control the coding of individual blocks. We propose a codec and ROI detector independent pre- and postprocessing framework instead. This enables the usage of off-the-shelf hard-/software and an easy adaption to the latest video coding technology. Maintaining the performance of subsequent computer vision tasks, we reduce the bit rate by 90-95 % to less than 1 Mbit/s using HEVC for full HDTV videos.
A gradient method for geodesic data fitting on some symmetric Riemannian manifolds

In this paper, a method to compute the best geodesic approximation of a set of points that belong to a Riemannian manifold is proposed. This method is based on a gradient descent technique on the tangent bundle of the manifold. An expression for the gradient is derived using the theory of Jacobi fields and an efficient numerical technique is proposed to compute these Jacobi fields. The presented approach is valid on any locally symmetric space, and the sphere S2, the set of symmetric positive definite matrices Pn+, the special orthogonal group SO(3) and the Grassmann manifold Grass(n; p) are considered.
Near―perfect non-crossing harmonic matchings in randomly labeled points on a circle

Consider a set $S$ of points in the plane in convex position, where each point has an integer label from $\{0,1,\ldots,n-1\}$. This naturally induces a labeling of the edges: each edge $(i,j)$ is assigned label $i+j$, modulo $n$. We propose the algorithms for finding large non―crossing $\textit{harmonic}$ matchings or paths, i. e. the matchings or paths in which no two edges have the same label. When the point labels are chosen uniformly at random, and independently of each other, our matching algorithm with high probability (w.h.p.) delivers a nearly―perfect matching, a matching of size $n/2 - O(n^{1/3}\ln n)$.
Magneto-Photonic Crystal Slab Waveguides With Lower-Refractive-Index-Silica Claddings

This letter proposes a new form of magneto-photonic crystal slab waveguides including nanoporous SiO2, with an extremely low refractive index, as the cladding material. These structures allow us to achieve physical strength and to render unnecessary holes extending to cladding layers. Our letter investigates the significance of the waveguide geometry for nonreciprocal phase shifts and losses, using a three-dimensional finite-element method with periodic boundary conditions. The guided modes exhibit small losses well below the light line and high nonreciprocal phase shifts with appropriate parameters, according to the calculations in this letter