Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WATER TRANSPORT IN INVERTEBRATE PERIPHERAL NERVE FIBERS

Osmotic and diffusion permeabilities (Pf and Pd) of invertebrate nerve fibers to tritiated water were measured to determine what water flux studies could reveal about "the nerve membrane" and to directly test the possibility of active transport of water into or out of invertebrate nerve fibers. Pf/Pd ratios for lobster walking leg nerve fibers were found to be about 20 ± 7 at 14°C. Pd measurements were made for squid giant axons at 25°C. and found to yield a value of 4 x 10–4 cm. –1 sec. –1. When combined with the data of D. K. Hill for Pf, a Pf/Pd ratio of 21 ± 5 is obtained. These Pf/Pd ratios correspond to "effective pore radii" of about 16 ± 4 angstrom units, according to theories developed by Koefoed-Johnsen and Ussing and independently by Pappenheimer and his colleagues. Variations of water flux ratios with temperatures were studied and apparent activation energies calculated for both diffusion experiments and osmotic filtration experiments using the Arrhenius equation, and found to be close to 3 to 5 cal. per mole of water transferred. Cyanide (5 x 10–3 molar) and iodoacetate (1 x 10–3 molar) poisoned lobster leg nerve fibers showed no appreciable change in diffusion or osmotic filtration water effluxes. Caution in interpreting these proposed channels as simple pores was emphasized, but the possibility that such channels exist and are related to ionic flow is not incompatible with electrophysiological data.
Moving Target Indication and Tracking from Moving Sensors

This paper describes a moving target indication and tracking system developed for acquiring and tracking targets in video from moving sensors, in particular airborne urban surveillance video. The paradigm of the moving sensor, which is a typical scenario in defence applications (e.g. UAV surveillance video), poses some unique problems as compared to the stationary sensor. Our solution draws on a number of algorithms from the vision and tracking communities and combines them as a novel solution to the problem. Moreover, given a suitable cluster of conventional hardware, the system allows a near real-time solution to MTI.
Learning to gesture: applying appropriate animations to spoken text

We propose a machine learning system that learns to choose human gestures to accompany novel text. The system is trained on scripts comprised of speech and animations that were hand-coded by professional animators and shipped in video games. We treat this as a text-classification problem, classifying speech as corresponding with specific classes of gestures. We have built and tested two separate classifiers. The first is trained simply on the frequencies of different animations in the corpus. The second extracts text features from each script, and maps these features to the gestures that accompany the script. We have experimented with using a number of features of the text, including n-grams, emotional valence of the text, and parts-of-speech. Using a naïve Bayes classifier, the system learns to associate these features with appropriate classes of gestures. Once trained, the system can be given novel text for which it will attempt to assign appropriate gestures. We examine the performance of the two classifiers by using n-fold cross-validation over our training data, as well as two user studies of subjective evaluation of the results. Although there are many possible applications of automated gesture assignment, we hope to apply this technique to a system that produces an automated news show.
Evaluation of Motorcycle Conspicuity in a Car DRL Environment

Daytime Running Lights (DRL) on motorcycles have been shown to counteract the inherently lower sensory conspicuity of these vehicles and to significantly improve their safety. The advantage of the use of DRL exclusively by motorcycles is presently becoming lost by the increasing use of DRLs on cars. The present experiment aimed at evaluating the effects of car DRLs on motorcycle perception in a situation that specifically brought attentional conspicuity to bear. Photographs representing complex urban traffic scenes were displayed to 24 participants who were asked to detect vulnerable road users (motorcyclists, bicyclists, pedestrians) appearing at different locations and distances. Car DRLs noticeably hampered motorcycle perception compared to conditions where car lights were not on, especially when the motorcycle was at a greater distance from the observer and when it was located in the central part of the visual scene. Car DRLs were also detrimental to the perception of bicyclists and pedestrians. These findings suggest that more attention should be paid to motorcyclists and other vulnerable road users when introducing car DRLs. Several means of improving motorcycle conspicuity in car DRL environments are discussed.
Blood pressure among the Inuit (Eskimo) populations in the Arctic

Aims: Studies of blood pressure among various Inuit (Eskimo) populations in the Arctic have given inconsistent results. Most studies reported lower blood pressure among the Inuit as compared with the predominantly white national populations. This has been attributed to traditional subsistence practices and lifestyle. This study compared the blood pressure among the major Inuit population groups with other populations and examined the associations with factors like age, gender, obesity and smoking. Methods: The study comprised four Inuit populations from Alaska, Canada, and Greenland with participation rates ranging from 51% to 73%. In a cross-sectional design, 2,509 randomly selected adults from 31 villages were examined. Blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, smoking, and medication were recorded. Results: Mean systolic blood pressures ranged from 116 to 124 mm Hg among men and 110 to 118 among women in the four populations. Mean diastolic blood pressures ranged from 75 to 78 mm Hg among men and from 71 to 73 among women. Systolic blood pressure increased with age. Male gender, obesity, being a non-smoker, and being on anti-hypertensive treatment were associated with high systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking, and anti-hypertensive treatment, blood pressure differed among the populations (p≤0.001). Mean systolic blood pressure was low among the Inuit compared with most European populations of the INTERSALT study, but higher than in several Asian populations and the Amazonian Indians. Conclusions: Inuit blood pressures rank intermediate on a global scale but low in comparison with most European populations. The Inuit population is not homogeneous, and this is reflected in blood pressure differences among the four regional subgroups. The role of the traditional diet, a rural lifestyle with a low level of psychosocial stress, and genetics must be further explored.
Abstract—orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (ofdm) Is Popularly Used for High Speed Data Transmission in Various Communication Systems. However, an Ofdm System Has the Main Drawback of Having High Peak to Average Power Ratio

(PAPR) of the transmitted signals. High PAPR causes distortions in the signal when the signals that are modulated are passed through a high power amplifier (HPA). PAPR, if high, increases the hardware complexity and also brings down the power amplifier efficiency. Many techniques are practiced to reduce PAPR. In this article, a novel and effective technique of PAPR reduction is described in which Hierarchical Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (HQAM) scheme is employed. It is found that by increasing the ratio of distances between constellation points, PAPR can be reduced significantly.
A design of the triple-band built-in chip antenna for mobile handset

In this dissertation, we suggested the built-in chip antenna that can be applied to multiband by miniaturizing the size of the antenna and expanding the bandwidth to raise the efficiency of the built-in chip antenna for mobile handsets. The proposed chip antenna commercialized currently is redesigned to analyze the performance variation of the antennas. The experimental results show mobile handset that the triple-band antenna bandwidth for (VSWR≪3) is 88(877∼965)MHz in GSM900 band operation and 380(1,648∼2,028)MHz in DCS, PCS band operation, and has over 58% of the radiation efficiency.
Saudi Oncology Society clinical management guideline series

From the Section of Medical Oncology (Bazarbashi, Aljubran), Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery (Alsanea), Department of Surgery, Department of Oncology (Zekri), Section of Radiation Oncology (Balaraj), Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Oncology Department (Alzahrani, Kandil) Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Department of Surgery (Al-Obeed), King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Department of Oncology (Al Olayan), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Medical Oncology Department (Alsharm), Anatomic Pathology Department (Fagih), King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Department of Oncology (Rahal), Oncology Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, and the Department of Oncology (Al-Shehri), Princess Nora Oncology Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Facade Reconstruction from Aerial Images by Multiview Plane Sweeping

This papers describes an algorithm to estimate the precise position of facade planes in digital surface models (DSM) reconstructed from aerial images using an image-based optimization method which exploits the redundancy of the data set (along and across track overlap). This approach assumes that a facade is a vertical plane and that the heightfield is precise enough to generate hypotheses for the initialization of the optimization algorithm. The initialization is first roughly oriented using the principal line directions of its texture, afterwards a hierarchical algorithm performs a finer optimization to maximize the correlation across different views. The proposed method is applied to real world imagery and its results are shown.
Coordinating systems of care using health information technology: development of the ADHD Care Assistant

Abstract Perhaps the two principal venues for the delivery of mental health services are schools and primary care practices. Unfortunately, these systems of care are poorly connected, which may result in care that is fragmented and suboptimal. This article describes the development and implementation of an electronic health record portal, known as the ADHD Care Assistant, to facilitate the sharing of information between schools and primary care offices to promote the use of evidence-based practices for managing children with behavioral health conditions. A feasibility study was conducted across 19 diverse primary care practices with 105 participating providers. Across the practices, 67% of providers activated the system for at least one patient and 32% activated it for five or more cases. Care Assistant use was lower in practices with a relatively high percentage of Medicaid patients (≥25%). The article discusses challenges that have arisen among primary care providers, parents, and schools in using the Care Assistant, potential strategies for addressing the challenges, and directions for future research and practice.
Use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in infants. A survey of members of the Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland

Background: Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used as perioperative analgesics. Many are currently used off label. Diclofenac is currently licensed for use in children over 1 year of age for the treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, while ibuprofen is licensed for use in children weighing over 7 kg. The dose and interval in children is currently extrapolated from adult studies, as the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data are lacking in infants.
Multimodal 3 Tesla MRI Confirms Intact Arterial Wall in Acute Stroke Patients After Stent-Retriever Thrombectomy

Background and Purpose— The aim of this prospective study was to assess vascular integrity after stent-retriever thrombectomy. Methods— Dissection, contrast medium extravasation, and vasospasm were evaluated in 23 patients after thrombectomy with biplane or 3D-digital subtraction angiography and 3-Tesla vessel wall MRI. Results— Vasospasm was detected angiographically in 10 patients, necessitating intra-arterial nimodipine in 2 of them. Contrast extravasation, intramural hemorrhage, or iatrogenic dissection were not detected on multimodal MRI in any patient even after Y-double stent-retriever technique. Conclusions— Our findings suggest that clinically relevant vessel wall injuries occur rarely after stent-retriever thrombectomy.
CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCEMENT IN SLAG CONCRETE

In an effort to investigate the rate and amount of corrosion of steel in concrete made with slag in different proportions, this paper reports on a detailed corrosion study conducted on concrete containing ground granulated blast-furnace slag obtained from some premier steel manufacturing plants in India. A mixture proportioning methodology was developed for slag concrete to obtain comparable strength with that of the reference concrete. Corrosion of steel has been examined electronically and also by an accelerated carbonation study. Results of this work demonstrate that an increase in slag proportion decreases the rate and amount of corrosion of reinforcement in slag concrete.
A Blueprint of Service Engineering

The rationale behind service oriented computing is to lift inter-organisational integration on a higher level of effectiveness and efficiency. E-services promise to offer means for floating modularisation of arbitrary organisational assets into components that can be dynamically offered, discovered, negotiated, accessed and composed in an open environment. From a technical point of view electronic services are software systems that have to be implemented on top of conventional information and communication technology. As an important step into that direction, the Web Service architecture has laid the foundation for interoperable communication between arbitrary systems. This extended abstract outlines an approach to plan, build and run application-level services on top. Therefore, a fundamental notion of service, originating from distributed systems, is being extended by a specific concept of cooperative interaction processes. Accordingly, an application-level service model and corresponding service engineering mechanisms are proposed that are being realised as middleware based on OGSA Web Services and BPEL4WS processes.
How does Shape of Progress Bar Effect on Time Evaluation

This study attempts to find relationship between progress bar design components and subjective speed by subjective evaluation experiments, and apply experimental results to software interface design. We prepared the 10 different shapes of progress bar, displayed each progress bar taking time around 10 seconds to be completed, and let subjects to answer how long they felt. As a result, quarter ring shape makes subjects feel short. We examined this experimental results through software interface design. In this paper, we introduce two conflicting psychological opinions about time evaluation and show experimental results.
Comparison of SOM Point Densities Based on Different Criteria

Point densities of model (codebook) vectors in self-organizing maps (SOMs) are evaluated in this article. For a few one-dimensional SOMs with finite grid lengths and a given probability density function of the input, the numerically exact point densities have been computed. The point density derived from the SOM algorithm turned out to be different from that minimizing the SOM distortion measure, showing that the model vectors produced by the basic SOM algorithm in general do not exactly coincide with the optimum of the distortion measure. A new computing technique based on the calculus of variations has been introduced. It was applied to the computation of point densities derived from the distortion measure for both the classical vector quantization and the SOM with general but equal dimensionality of the input vectors and the grid, respectively. The power laws in the continuum limit obtained in these cases were found to be identical.
Acoustic and perceptual measurements of roughness influencing judgments of pitch.

Listeners matched the pitch of 36 clear to severely dysphonic vowels to the frequency of pure tones produced by a signal generator. Mean difference scores on pitch match correlated-. 56 with jitter, -51 with jitter ratio, -. 57 with spectrographic noise classifications, and -. 64 with vocal roughness. Moderately to severely dysphonic vowels received significantly lower pitch match values than clear to mildly dysphonic vowels. Findings suggest that the effect of vocal roughness on pitch should be considered by the clinician who makes use of perceptual judgments.
Towards Automatic Requirements Elicitation from Feedback Comments: Extracting Requirements Topics Using LDA

Feedback comments, such as mailing lists and reviews, contain beneficial suggestion for software developers. Recently, developers have received more and more feedback comments; but it is still difficult to extract beneficial comments from a large amount of e-mail message or reviews. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is a promising way of topic modeling, which classifies documents according to implicit multiple topics. In this paper, we tried to apply a requirements elicitation based on LDA to two different sources, i.e., Apache Commons User List and App Store reviews, and discuss the feasibility of this approach. An interesting finding was that some usual stop words indicated requirements description. This suggests that these words should be removed from the stop word list before applying LDA.
Algorithmic statistics, prediction and machine learning

Algorithmic statistics considers the following problem: given a binary string $x$ (e.g., some experimental data), find a "good" explanation of this data. It uses algorithmic information theory to define formally what is a good explanation. In this paper we extend this framework in two directions. First, the explanations are not only interesting in themselves but also used for prediction: we want to know what kind of data we may reasonably expect in similar situations (repeating the same experiment). We show that some kind of hierarchy can be constructed both in terms of algorithmic statistics and using the notion of a priori probability, and these two approaches turn out to be equivalent. Second, a more realistic approach that goes back to machine learning theory, assumes that we have not a single data string $x$ but some set of "positive examples" $x_1,\ldots,x_l$ that all belong to some unknown set $A$, a property that we want to learn. We want this set $A$ to contain all positive examples and to be as small and simple as possible. We show how algorithmic statistic can be extended to cover this situation.
A Lightweight Drive-by Download Simulator

Teaching students about practical security can be a challenge in laboratories that are, by necessity, isolated from the Internet. We describe some preliminary work to address this problem for the topic of drive-by downloads. A previous system, the Spamulator, allowed students’ real, non-contrived code to interact with a simulation of the Internet, simulating up to a million domains on a single machine. We extend the Spamulator to allow arbitrary drive-by downloads in a lightweight fashion, using a hybrid simulation technique to capture both local effects and global spread.
Fine Control of the Electric Field Distribution in the Heterostructure Multiplication Region of AlGaN Avalanche Photodiodes

To enhance avalanche ionization, we designed a new separate absorption and multiplication AlGaN solar-blind avalanche photodiode (APD) by replacing the conventional AlGaN homogeneous multiplication region with a high/low Al content AlGaN heterostructure layer. The calculated results showed that the improved APD with the Al0.3 Ga0.7N/Al0.45Ga0. 55N heterogeneous multiplication region exhibits 51% higher gain than that of the conventional APD, benefiting from the six times higher hole ionization coefficient of Al 0.3Ga0.7N, compared to that of Al0.45Ga0. 55N. Furthermore, we inserted an intermediate n-type AlGaN charge layer into the heterogeneous multiplication region to obtain superior performance by finely controlling the electric field distribution. The dependence of breakdown voltage and multiplication gain on the Al content, doping concentration, and thickness of the charge layer is studied in detail to get the optimal structure. Meanwhile, the solar-blind characteristic is also taken into account when optimizing the APD structure.
Syntactic Pattern Recognition, An Introduction

For a long time I have been searching for a book on pattern recognition that satisfies the following conditions: 1) it covers all of the important and practical ideas in pattern recognition, 2) it is easy to read so that an average reader can go through it without too much difficulty even when his little kids are having a good time around him, and 3) it is interesting to read. In my view, this book titled Interactive Pattern Recognition by Yi-Tzuu Chien is one of the few books, as far as I know, that satisfies the above conditions. Even the cover of the book is interesting enough; it contains many funny faces depicting a pictorial display of multidimensional vector data. The use of cartoon faces to display vector data was, of course, first developed by Chernoff, a well-known statistician. However, the fact that Prof. Chien, an Engineer, presents in detail a technique by Chernoff shows that he is an open-minded person. Indeed, the bibliography of this book covers almost every important paper or book ever published in this emerging field. Admittedly, pattern recognition is still not a universally popular tool among scientists and engineers. One of the reasons is that people do not like to have machines that would make all the important decisions for them. With an interactive system, however, humans still make the final decisions; pattern recognition allows the machine to help the human make decisions. I believe that many people will feel more comfortable with an interactive environment and not hesitate to use pattern recognition as a tool for problem solving and decisionmaking after they have had the opportunity to read this book. I do have a couple of criticisms concerning this book as a research monograph. First of all, by glancing over the bibliography I quickly noticed that many page numbers of the articles listed are missing, something that should never happen. Second, the author fails to mention some of the latest progress made in the nearest neighbor searching techniques [1 I-[51 that can be easily incorporated into interactive systems. I shall hesitate to blame the author, however, as several of these techniques were developed after he finished the writing of his book. The book is well organized into five logical chapters, each with interesting and easily readable examples. I believe that pattern recognition will become more popular among practicing scientists and engineers because of it. There are many other books now available for those who are primarily interested in theories of pattern recognition. If one is looking for a major source dealing with pattern recognition as a practical design tool, the Chien book is more than adequate (provided that the reader pay some attention to the latest techniques in nearest neighbor search). This book should also be suitable as a supplementary text for an introductory course in pattern recognition.