Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Random sampling of lattice configurations using local Markov chains

To Lauren. I am constantly amazed by her dedication to this work and everything else in our life together, and I owe more to her love and strength than I can possibly write here. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisor Dana Randall, who has been an amazing friend and mentor during this process. She constantly challenged me to work better, work smarter, and understand the bigger picture. I owe her so much. The opportunity to work through problems with talented colleagues has been an integral part of the development of this thesis. I have had the pleasure of learning in the company of an incredibly gifted and friendly cadre of fellow students in several departments. Nayantara Bhatnagar and Amanda Pascoe deserve particular mention for their coauthorship of some of the work contained here. Teena Carroll and Mitch Keller were vital for their support, both professional and personal. The faculty and staff of both the Mathematics and Computer Science departments have provided amazing guidance and support during my time at Georgia Tech. It is a rare thing for a student to have two home departments, and I am very grateful. It has been an honor to work with the ACO faculty; in addition to being among the top scholars in their fields, they have been exceptional in their accessibility and support for students. I was lucky enough to do research with Robin Thomas, Craig Tovey, and Prasad Tetali, but I was influenced by so many more. Finally, I thank my family, for teaching me the joy of learning, and always supporting me despite some difficult times. iv SUMMARY Algorithms based on Markov chains are ubiquitous across scientific disciplines, as they provide a method for extracting statistical information about large, complicated systems. Although these algorithms may be applied to arbitrary graphs, many physical applications are more naturally studied under the restriction to regular lattices. We study several local Markov chains on lattices, exploring how small changes to some parameters can greatly influence efficiency of the algorithms. We begin by examining a natural Markov Chain that arises in the context of self-assembly, where tiles tiles attach and detach from a large substrate, but with a greater rate of association than disassociation. We show that this chain is rapidly mixing (converges quickly to the equilibrium) using a coupling argument; the novelty of our proof is that it requires …
Can neutrinos from neutron star mergers power-ray bursts ?

We perform three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of the coalescence of binary neutron stars. We include the emission and backreaction of gravitational waves into the Newtonian " Piecewise Parabolic Method ". The use of the physical equation of state (EOS) of Lattimer & Swesty (1991) allows us to take into account the production of neutrinos. We evaluate our models for the efficiency of ¯ annihilation in the surroundings of the coalescing neutron stars. The corresponding energy deposition prior to and during merging turns out to be 2–3 orders of magnitude too small to power a typical-ray burst with an energy output of (10 51 =4) erg=sterad at cosmological distances. Analytical estimates of the subsequent evolution of the disk which possibly surrounds the central black hole show that even under the most favorable conditions the energy provided by ¯ ! e e + ! falls short by at least an order of magnitude.
The Experience of Indonesian Lecturer in International Class Program

This research aims at investigates how the lecturers of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta perceive their experience teaching in international class whose students are from different nationalities. The participants were taken by purposive sampling. The data were collected by semi-structured in depht repeated interview. Two lecturers were interviewed who teaching in international program currently. Phenomenological methodology was employed to form descriptive themes.The study revealed two themes relating to how lectures of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta perceive their experience teaching in international class. (a)Heterogenouos students’ background creates welcoming and intelectually stimulating athmosphere in the class (b) In-class and out class interaction foster a multicultural take and give - sharing discussion. Keywords: phenomenology, international class program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Fuzzy thresholding of color images using dempster-shafer theory

This paper is concerned with the development of a novel color image thresholding technique using fuzzy thresholding and Dempster-Shaferpsilas theory based fusion. The color bands of a given image are fuzzified by means of a fuzzy thresholding technique which uses an S-shape membership function and a linear index of fuzziness based fuzzy measure. The resulting fuzzy maps are used to determine the mass functions of the hypotheses representing the classes for each pixel. These hypotheses are then combined using the orthogonal sum rule of the Dempster-Shafer theory to compute the final threshold map. The results show that the proposed algorithm yields a superior performance to its counterpart methods which are based on crisp and fuzzy techniques.
A qualitative inquiry into teachers' perceptions of change

The purpose of this study was to identify teachers' perceptions of how leadership styles and practices of administration can improve the process of broad-based change in an educational organization. The study focused on the lived experiences of 12 teachers and school administrators (coresearchers) during a major change in their school district. Guided interviews were utilized in order to understand the essence of their experiences. Results indicated the importance of communication during the process of change as it relates to perceptions of involvement, buy-in, self-worth, job satisfaction, and support and impact on instruction.
Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase Prevents Muscarinic and Purinergic Functional Changes and Development of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis in the Rat

Nitric oxide (NO) has pivotal roles in cyclophosphamide- (CYP-) induced cystitis during which mucosal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and muscarinic M5 receptor expressions are upregulated. In cystitis, urothelial muscarinic NO-linked effects hamper contractility. Therefore we wondered if a blockade of this axis also affects the induction of cystitis in the rat. Rats were pretreated with saline, the muscarinic receptor antagonist 4-DAMP (1 mg/kg ip), or the NOS inhibitor L-NAME (30 mg/kg ip) for five days. 60 h before the experiments the rats were treated with saline or CYP. Methacholine-, ATP-, and adenosine-evoked responses were smaller in preparations from CYP-treated rats than from saline-treated ones. Pretreatment with 4-DAMP did not change this relation, while pretreatment with L-NAME normalized the responses in the CYP-treated animals. The functional results were strengthened by the morphological observations; 4-DAMP pretreatment did not affect the parameters studied, namely, expression of muscarinic M5 receptors, P1A1 purinoceptors, mast cell distribution, or bladder wall enlargement. However, pretreatment with L-NAME attenuated the differences. Thus, the current study provides new insights into the complex mechanisms behind CYP-induced cystitis. The NO effects coupled to urothelial muscarinic receptors have a minor role in the development of cystitis. Inhibition of NOS may prevent the progression of cystitis.
Dynamic surface control for stabilization of the oscillating eccentric rotor

Abstract The present paper presents a new solution for the stabilization and disturbance attenuation problems of the oscillating eccentric rotor (OER), an extensively studied non-linear under-actuated mechanical system. Designing control law for such systems is a challenging task owing to the under-actuation property, which poses problems in exact feedback linearization. Presented non-linear controller design exploits the recently introduced dynamic surface control technique in a novel manner. The task of the controller is not only to de-spin the rotor but also to stop the translational oscillations. The design procedure is simpler and more intuitive than currently available integrator backstepping or energy-shaping-based designs. Stability is analysed by decomposing the system into a cascade of several subsystems. Advantages over existing controller designs are analysed theoretically and verified using numerical simulations. The design is found to attenuate oscillation amplitude effectively in the presence of an external sinusoidal translational disturbance besides aggressive stabilization.
A faceted characterization of the opinion mining landscape

Increasing amounts of user generated content (UGC) on the Internet, is creating research interest in opinion mining. This involves automatic detection of opinions about products, services, political parties, celebrities and events from user generated content. Research efforts in opinion mining are thus far, fragmented and have followed several approaches. However, most of them require understanding of domain-specific opinion words and their polarity, and language-specific opinion rules. In addition, semantic constructs like sarcasm pose open challenges. In this paper, we try to characterize the opinion-mining landscape by proposing a faceted taxonomy of the different aspects of opinion mining. We then survey literature and place these in appropriate places in the proposed model. We also propose a general purpose workflow required from any opinion mining engine. Finally, we speculate on specific challenges in the opinion mining landscape.
From mental effort to perceived usability: transforming experiences into summary assessments

In many cases, practitioners and researchers of Human-Computer Interaction and Usability Engineering rely on users' subjective product quality assessments. Such an assessment of, for example, perceived usability is believed to summarize previous experiences made with the according software. The present study shows that such summary assessments of perceived usability do not reflect a whole experiential episode, but rather its most recent incidents. Additional measurement strategies, such as repeated measurements of perceived usability throughout the experiential episode, are explored.
The biological functions of Naa10 – from amino-terminal acetylation to human disease

N-terminal acetylation (NTA) is one of the most abundant protein modifications known, and the N-terminal acetyltransferase (NAT) machinery is conserved throughout all Eukarya. Over the past 50 years, the function of NTA has begun to be slowly elucidated, and this includes the modulation of protein-protein interaction, protein-stability, protein function, and protein targeting to specific cellular compartments. Many of these functions have been studied in the context of Naa10/NatA; however, we are only starting to really understand the full complexity of this picture. Roughly, about 40 % of all human proteins are substrates of Naa10 and the impact of this modification has only been studied for a few of them. Besides acting as a NAT in the NatA complex, recently other functions have been linked to Naa10, including post-translational NTA, lysine acetylation, and NAT/KAT-independent functions. Also, recent publications have linked mutations in Naa10 to various diseases, emphasizing the importance of Naa10 research in humans. The recent design and synthesis of the first bisubstrate inhibitors that potently and selectively inhibit the NatA/Naa10 complex, monomeric Naa10, and hNaa50 further increases the toolset to analyze Naa10 function.
Automatic generation of parallel programs with dynamic load balancing

Existing parallelizing compilers are targeted towards parallel architectures where all processors are dedicated to a single application. However a new type of parallel system has become available in the form of high performance workstations connected by high speed networks. Such systems pose new problems for compilers because the available processing power on each workstation may change with time due to other tasks competing for resources. We argue that it is possible for a parallelizing compiler to generate code that can dynamically shift portions of the application's workload between processors to improve performance. We have implemented a run-time system that supports automatically generated programs with dynamic load balancing. We describe this system and present performance measurements. We also describe the compiler functionality needed to generate parallel programs with dynamic load balancing. <<ETX>>
The Lagrangian View of South Atlantic Interocean Exchange in a Global Ocean Model Compared with Inverse Model Results

Data from a global ocean general circulation model (OCCAM) has been used to investigate the interocean exchange of thermocline and intermediate waters in the South Atlantic Ocean. To resolve the pathways between different ocean basins a Lagrangian particle following technique has been used. The results have been compared with various inverse models and observational studies addressing the interocean exchange in the South Atlantic Ocean. To facilitate the comparison, section-integrated transports in the same density classes and at the same locations as used in the observational studies have been calculated for OCCAM. The flow toward the North Atlantic excluding the Antarctic Bottom Water, is made up for more than 50% of thermocline water. The exact ratio of thermocline to intermediate transport depends on the definition of the water masses. Transport of intermediate water plays a less important role. More than 90% of the flow toward the North Atlantic originates from the Indian Ocean via leakage from the Agulhas Current system. Agulhas leakage into the South Atlantic occurs to 2000-m depth, but transport below 1200 m recirculates within the subtropical gyre and flows back into the Indian Ocean. Several observational studies have indicated a dominant role in the transport toward the North Atlantic for intermediate water or for the direct inflow from Drake Passage. The section-averaged water mass transports in OCCAM are largely in agreement with these observational estimates. Also in OCCAM, the section-integrated transports suggest a minor contribution from Agulhas leakage to the upper branch of interocean exchange in the South Atlantic, in apparent contradiction with the Lagrangian path that was calculated explicitly. The reason for this discrepancy is that at the eastern side of the South Atlantic the net mass flux consists of opposing, and in the thermocline layer nearly compensating, east- and westward flows. In the thermocline layer, part of the westward flow connects with the cross-equatorial flow in the Atlantic, while the eastward flow is partly derived from upwelled intermediate and thermocline water that originates from Drake Passage. The detailed Lagrangian analysis suggests that it is arguable to draw conclusions about the flow pathways from integrated mass fluxes across ocean sections, especially when these contain opposing flows in the same density classes.
Does Child Sponsorship Pay Off in Adulthood? An International Study of Impacts on Income and Wealth

We estimate the impact of international child sponsorship on adult income and wealth of formerly sponsored children using data on 10,144 individuals in six countries. To identify causal effects, we utilize an age-eligibility rule followed from 1980 to 1992 that limited sponsorship to children 12 years old or younger when the program was introduced in a village, allowing comparisons of sponsored children with older siblings who were slightly too old to be sponsored. Estimations indicate that international child sponsorship increased monthly income by $13-17 over an untreated baseline of $75, principally from inducing higher future labor market participation. We find evidence for positive impacts on dwelling quality in adulthood, and modest evidence of impacts on ownership of consumer durables in adulthood, limited to increased ownership of mobile phones. Finally, our results also show modest effects of child sponsorship on childbearing in adulthood.
Development of Digital Libraries on the Basis of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is a hot topic in the field of information technology, and is widely used in every industry. With the introduction of the connotation and the features of cloud computing, combined with the problems in digital library's development, this article discusses the application future of cloud computing in digital libraries, and analyzes the advantages of building the digital libraries on the basis of cloud computing.
Misinterpretations of significance: A problem students share with their teachers?

The use of significance tests in science has been debated from the invention of these tests until the present time. Apart from theoretical critiques on their appropriateness for evaluating scientific hypotheses, significance tests also receive criticism for inviting misinterpretations. We presented six common misinterpretations to psychologists who work in German universities and found out that they are still surprisingly widespread - even among instructors who teach statistics to psychology students. Although these mi-sinterpretations are well documented among students, until now there has been little research on pedagogical methods to remove them. Rather, they are considered "hard facts" that are impervious to correction. We discuss the roots of these misinterpreta-tions and propose a pedagogical concept to teach significance tests, which involves ex-plaining the meaning of statistical significance in an appropriate way.
Hepatitis C virus utilizes lipid droplet for production of infectious virus

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) establishes a persistent infection and causes chronic hepatitis. Chronic hepatitis patients often develop hepatic cirrhosis and progress to liver cancer. The development of this pathological condition is linked to the persistent infection of the virus. In other words, viral replication/multiplication may contribute to disease pathology. Accumulating clinical studies suggest that HCV infection alters lipid metabolism, and thus causes fatty liver. It has been reported that this abnormal metabolism exacerbates hepatic diseases. Recently, we revealed that lipid droplets play a key role in HCV replication. Understanding the molecular mechanism of HCV replication will help elucidate the pathogenic mechanism and develop preventive measures that inhibit disease manifestation by blocking persistent infection. In this review, we outline recent findings on the function of lipid droplets in the HCV replication cycle and describe the relationship between the development of liver diseases and virus replication.
Machine Learning Techniques for Feature Reduction in Intrusion Detection Systems: A Comparison

in recent years, intrusion detection has emerged as an important technique for network security. Machine learning techniques have been applied to the field of intrusion detection. They can learn normal and anomalous patterns from training data and via Feature selection improving classification by searching for the subset of features which best classifies the training data to detect attacks on computer system. The quality of features directly affects the performance of classification. Many feature selection methods introduced to remove redundant and irrelevant features, because raw features may reduce accuracy or robustness of classification. In this paper we compared three methods for feature selection based on Decision trees (DT), Flexible Neural Tree (FNT) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The results based on comparison of three methods on DARPA KDD99 benchmark dataset indicate that DT has almost better accuracy.
Transplantation of Autologous Fresh Bone Marrow Into Infarcted Myocardium: A Word of Caution

Background—As the benefits of extemporaneous transplantation (Tx) of fresh (unfractionated) autologous bone marrow (BM) have been primarily studied in the setting of acute myocardial infarction, we assessed whether this approach could be effective for regenerating chronically infarcted myocardium. Methods and Results—Myocardial infarction was created in 18 sheep by ligation of circumflex arterial branches. Three weeks later, BM was aspirated from the iliac crest, washed, labeled with the fluorescent dye Dil and reinjected (mean: 422×106 cells in 3 mL) in 10 sites across the infarcted area through the reopened thoracotomy (n=9). Nine controls received culture medium. Left ventricular (LV) function was assessed before and 2 months after Tx by two-dimensional echocardiography whereas transmural velocity gradients were measured using M-mode tissue Doppler imaging at the center of the infarcted/grafted area. Formalin-fixed hearts were processed for the detection of grafted cells and angiogenesis. LV ejection fraction deteriorated similarly in the Tx and control groups (from 42±5% to 30±4% and from 40±4% to 31±1%, respectively; P =0.86). Likewise, BM Tx failed to prevent LV dilatation and impairment of the global wall motion score. The decrease in regional systolic velocity gradients (s−1) featured a similar pattern (Tx group: from 0.77±0.11 to 0.31±0.07; control group: from 0.73±0.10 to 0.50±0.07; P =0.06). Histologically, there was neither BM tissue engraftment, except for a few scattered Dil-positive macrophages in the infarcted fibrotic areas nor transdifferentiation of BM cells into endothelial cells. Conclusion—These data caution against the functional efficacy of extemporaneous Tx of fresh unfractionated BM into postinfarction scars.
Quantifying Program Comprehension with Interaction Data

It is common knowledge that program comprehension takes up a substantial part of software development. This "urban legend" is based on work that dates back decades, which throws up the question whether the advances in software development tools, techniques, and methodologies that have emerged since then may invalidate or confirm the claim. We present an empirical investigation which goal is to confirm or reject the claim, based on interaction data which captures the user interface activities of developers. We use interaction data to empirically quantify the distribution of different developer activities during software development: In particular, we focus on estimating the role of program comprehension. In addition, we investigate if and how different developers and session types influence the duration of such activities. We analyze interaction data from two different contexts: One comes from the ECLIPSE IDE on Java source code development, while the other comes from the PHARO IDE on Smalltalk source code development. We found evidence that code navigation and editing occupies only a small fraction of the time of developers, while the vast majority of the time is spent on reading & understanding source code. In essence, the importance of program comprehension was significantly underestimated by previous research.
PATTERN FORMATION AND COMPETITION IN NONLINEAR OPTICS

Recently we have observed two-dimensional periodic and quasiperiodic structures in the transverse profile of an optical beam circulating in a feedback loop which contains a nonlinear medium. The symmetries observed depend not only on the interaction between light and nonlinear medium, but also on a nonlocality due to beam rotation in the feedback loop. The linear stability analysis of our model shows the existence of many unstable bands of transverse wavevectors. Close to threshold, predictions are qualitatively and quantitatively confirmed by the experiment. When the intensity threshold values are almost the same for the two principal bands, structures with different wavenumbers arise above threshold. These modes compete with a very complex dynamics. We have started to study this behavior by means of suitable indicators. As a first indicator we have individuated the fraction of light power distributed on the first band respect to that one distributed on both.