Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cluster Based Ranking Framework for Multi-typed Information Networks

A multi-typed information network is an information network which contains multiple types of objects having actions and interactions between each other. Although many studies on single typed information network haven been found in the literature, only a little has been known concerning with multi-typed information networks. On the other hand, multiple type information networks are ubiquitous and forming an important component of modern information infrastructure. Thus, in this paper we propose a new method to give a better understanding of information networks and their properties. Specifically we propose a new cluster based ranking system for multi-typed information networks. In this aspect, ranking evaluates objects of information networks based on some mathematical ranking function which illustrates the characteristic of objects with which any two objects of the same type can be compared by qualitatively. Moreover, clustering group objects is based on a certain measure such that similar objects are in the same cluster whereas dissimilar objects are in different clusters. Then the ranking and clustering processes are integrated to extract insight overall views of information networks, so that the integrated method can be widely applied in different information network settings. Our experiments using DBLP datasets can generate good informative clusters producing reliable ranking system.
Five-Year Metabolic, Functional, and Safety Results of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Transplanted With Allogenic Islets Within the Swiss-French GRAGIL Network

OBJECTIVE To describe the 5-year outcomes of islet transplantation within the Swiss-French GRAGIL Network. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of all subjects enrolled in the GRAGIL-1c and GRAGIL-2 islet transplantation trials. Parameters related to metabolic control, graft function, and safety outcomes were studied. RESULTS Forty-four patients received islet transplantation (islet transplantation alone [ITA] 24 patients [54.5%], islet after kidney [IAK] transplantation 20 patients [45.5%]) between September 2003 and April 2010. Recipients received a total islet mass of 9,715.75 ± 3,444.40 IEQ/kg. Thirty-four patients completed a 5-year follow-up, and 10 patients completed a 4-year follow-up. At 1, 4, and 5 years after islet transplantation, respectively, 83%, 67%, and 58% of the ITA recipients and 80%, 70%, and 60% of the IAK transplant recipients reached HbA1c under 7% (53 mmol/mol) and were free of severe hypoglycemia, while none of the ITA recipients and only 10% of the IAK transplant recipients met this composite criterion at the preinfusion stage. Thirty-three of 44 patients (75%) experienced insulin independence during the entire follow-up period, with a median duration of insulin independence of 19.25 months (interquartile range 2–58). Twenty-nine of 44 recipients (66%) exhibited at least one adverse event; 18 of 55 adverse events (33%) were possibly related to immunosuppression; and complications related to the islet infusion (n = 84) occurred in 10 recipients (11.9%). CONCLUSIONS In a large cohort with a 5-year follow-up and in a multicenter network setting, islet transplantation was safe and efficient in restoring good and lasting glycemic control and preventing severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Word Sense Disambiguation by Machine Learning Approach: A Short Survey

There is a renewed interest in word sense disambiguation (WSD) as it contributes to various applications in natural language processing. In this paper we survey vector-based methods for WSD in machine learning. All the methods are corpus-based and use definition of context in the sense introduced by S. Marcus [11].
A Strategy to Manage Backcountry Recreation in Relation to Wildlife and Habitats

Executive Summary The BC Ministry of Environment (MOE) is currently engaging commercial backcountry recreation operators and Land and Water BC in a review of the Interim Wildlife Guidelines for Commercial Backcountry Recreation in British Columbia. A public consultation report suggested that the Interim Guidelines enjoyed little support among tourism operators because the guidelines were considered impractical, not results-based, and inconsistent with the experiences of operators. In addition, environmental/recreation groups questioned the commitment of government ministries and agencies to enforce the guidelines. This strategy provides a broad framework for managing backcountry recreation in relation to wildlife and their habitats. The strategy is driven by a simple intent: To ensure that recreation activities in the backcountry do not affect the current distribution of wildlife, the sustainability of their populations, or the integrity of their habitats. The management intent establishes a scope for the strategy that is considerably broader than the Interim Guidelines. First, the strategy is intended to apply to all backcountry recreation users, both commercial and public, and; second, the strategy applies to habitats as well as to wildlife. The strategy recognizes three broad policy tools that can be applied to different management situations, depending on the ecological risk associated with a particular backcountry recreation activity. These tools are: 1. Prohibition – activity not allowed in specific areas or during specific periods of the year 2. Limits on inputs – activity allowed but quotas applied to the number of users or their activities 3. Limits on outcomes – activity allowed within the context of activity-specific matrices of backcountry-recreation guidelines Matrices are expected to guide the development of operational plans by operators and are specific to different classes of recreation activities (e.g., non-motorized winter, boating) and habitats (grassland, alpine/tundra, freshwater, foreshore and forest) and consist of: 1. Issues categories: a. Degradation of soil, air and water quality b. Integrity of vegetation communities c. Direct disturbance of wildlife d. Integrity of Fisheries Resources e. Special management related to species of concern, specific habitat features, critical seasons, etc. 2. Desired " results " with respect to wildlife and their habitats 3. " Desired behaviours " that outline the practices of users that are most likely to achieve desired conditions 4. Indicators that measure whether a desired condition is being achieved 5. Limits that set the upper and lower bounds around indicators The strategy recognizes the importance of monitoring the results of backcountry recreation management …
Japanese Dependency Structure Analysis Based on Maximum Entropy Models

This paper describes a dependency structure analysis of Japanese sentences based on the maximum entropy models. Our model is created by learning the weights of some features from a training corpus to predict the dependency between bunsetsus or phrasal units. The dependency accuracy of our system is 87.2% using the Kyoto University corpus. We discuss the contribution of each feature set and the relationship between the number of training data and the accuracy.
A Rewrite Stack Machine for ROC!

ROC! is a deterministic rewrite strategy language which includes the rewrite rules as basic operators, and the deterministic choice and the repetition as high-level strategy operators. In this paper we present a method which, for a given term Rewriting system (TRS) R, constructs a new TRS Rmacr such that R-rewriting is equivalent (sound and complete) with Rmacr-rewriting constrained by ROC! Since Rmacr uses a stack, it is called a rewrite stack machine.
WHY DOES GRAVITY IGNORE THE VACUUM ENERGY

The equations of motion for matter fields are invariant under the shift of the matter Lagrangian by a constant. Such a shift changes the energy–momentum tensor of matter by . In the conventional approach, gravity breaks this symmetry and the gravitational field equations are not invariant under such a shift of the energy–momentum tensor. We argue that until this symmetry is restored, one cannot obtain a satisfactory solution to the cosmological constant problem. We describe an alternative perspective to gravity in which the gravitational field equations are [Gab - κTab]nanb = 0 for all null vectors na. This is obviously invariant under the change and restores the symmetry under shifting the matter Lagrangian by a constant. These equations are equivalent to Gab = κTab + Cgab, where C is now an integration constant so that the role of the cosmological constant is very different in this approach. The cosmological constant now arises as an integration constant, somewhat like the mass M in the Schwarzschild metric, the value of which can be chosen depending on the physical context. These equations can be obtained from a variational principle which uses the null surfaces of space–time as local Rindler horizons and can be given a thermodynamic interpretation. This approach turns out to be quite general and can encompass even the higher order corrections to Einstein's gravity and suggests a principle to determine the form of these corrections in a systematic manner.
Linguistic attitudes toward Shipibo in Cantagallo: Reshaping indigenous language and identity in an urban setting

Aims and objectives: This study aims to explore language attitudes among speakers of Shipibo, an Amazonian indigenous language from the Panoan family, in the community of Cantagallo in the city of Lima, an urban, Spanish-dominant environment. The study is motivated by the paucity of studies on language attitudes in urban indigenous communities. The Cantagallo Shipibo community was settled in the early 2000s and temporarily relocated in 2017. Methodology: Interviews were conducted based on questionnaires with two groups of participants in 2002 and 2017, 60 in total, focusing on their attitudes toward Shipibo and Spanish. Some of the participants answered the questionnaires both times, others answered only once. Responses were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Open-ended responses were classified into similar categories and tallied. Findings: Participants showed positive attitudes toward Shipibo-Konibo in 2002 and 2017, and strong identification with it, but language shift toward Spanish is now taking place, especially among the second generation. This development has triggered perceived changes in the performance aspects of linguistic identity. Furthermore, while in 2002 attitudes toward Spanish were mostly positive, in 2017 some negative attitudes toward the majority language emerged along with the perception of discrimination against the Shipibo-Konibo. Originality: The study’s originality rests on tracing the evolution of this community’s perspectives on language use from shortly after its arrival in Cantagallo, Lima, to its final relocation. Furthermore, few other studies have engaged this Shipibo community in Lima regarding language attitudes. Significance: The project highlights the importance of different factors in the successful language maintenance in this context. Specifically, although speakers still have positive attitudes toward Shipibo, they also see increasing advantages to speaking Spanish, a clear case of utility-maximization. Limitations: Although the study provides important insights, its methodology (a questionnaire/interview) gives a partial view of the language attitudes and maintenance in this community.
The New Growth Evidence

Why do growth rates differ? This paper surveys the recent empirical literature on economic growth, starting with a discussion of stylized facts, data problems, and statistical methods. Six research questions are emphasized, drawing on growth and convergence research. In answering these questions, the paper argues that efficiency has grown at different rates across countries, casting doubt on neoclassical models in which technology is a public good. The latter half of the paper rounds up a variety of findings before providing answers to all six questions, including a short summary of how differences in growth rates arise.
Immature/Transitional 1 B Cells Recombination, and Antibody Production by Deaminase Expression, Class-Switch T-Independent Activation-Induced Cytidine

Inﬂammation elicits a splenic lymphopoiesis of unknown physiologic signiﬁcance but one that juxtaposes developing B cells and exogenous Ag. We show that immature and transitional 1 (immature/T1) B cells constitutively express activation-induced cytidine deaminase and B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 in amounts that support accelerated plasmacytic differentiation and limited class-switch recombination. In vivo, activation of immature/T1 B cells by TLR ligands or bacterial vaccine rapidly induces T1 cells to divide, proliferate, and secrete IgM, IgG, or IgA Ab; in vitro, proliferation and differentiation are substantially enhanced by B cell-activating factor. We propose that inﬂammation-induced extramedullary lymphopoiesis represents a specialized mechanism for innate Ab responses to microbial pathogens. The Journal of Immunology, 2007, 178: 3593–3601. Concurrently, immature (im) granulocyte numbers increase in the BM and expand into developmental niches vacated by emigrant of
Development of a computer assistive input device using Screen-Partitioning and mousekeys method for people with disabilities

The latest research proposed a novel computer input device that adopted Screen-Partitioning method to improve people with disabilities pointing efficiency. The disabled people could use a commercial numerical keyboard as the input device of the device instead of special-design device. However, the effect of the latest research in moving mouse cursor is likely weak when a target is extremely small or the resolution of computer screen is too high. This study proposed a novel method by using Screen-Partitioning and Mousekeys method to improve the efficiency of movement.
Factored language model adaptation using Dirichlet class language model for speech recognition

Language model (LM) is essential for speech recognition systems. Efficiency of this model depends on its adaptation to the linguistic characteristics. According to this, adaptation methods attempt to use syntactic and semantic features for language modelling. The previous adaptation methods such as family of Dirichlet class language model (DCLM) exploit class of history words. These methods due to lake of syntactic information are not appropriate for high morphology languages such as Farsi. This paper presents an overview for using syntactic information such as part-of-speech (POS) in DCLM for combining with a factored language model (FLM). In our proposed idea, word clustering is based on POS of previous words and history words. Different LMs are experimentally evaluated using the BijanKhan corpus. The experiments indicate that use of POS information along with history words and class of history words improves FLM, and reduces the perplexity on our corpus. Moreover, LMs are evaluated using the Farsdat corpus in hidden Markov model based on automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. Exploiting POS information along with DCLM achieved relative gain of word error rate of the ASR system by 1.2% over the DCLM.
The Effects of the Research Lesson Study (RLS) Model on Teachers’ Professional Development

Article History: Received 30.01. 2017 Received in revised form 29.05. 2017 Accepted 06.06. 2018 Available online 10.06. 2018 The aim of this study is to define the impact of the Research Lesson Study (RLS) Model on 27 pre-secondary and secondary school teachers belonging to the Istanbul Provincial Directorate of National Education, who were involved in the “Intel Teach Advanced Online” (ITAO) teacher training course. 27 master teachers, selected from 105 teachers as a study group, were trained in three different sessions of ITAO. The study was initiated with five-day teacher trainings in the academic years 2013-2014 and 20142015 through an action research model. The 27 master teachers in this study were selected based on the criteria of their design skills, their aptitude for teamwork, and their willingness to participate in this study. Master teachers from different subjects were grouped in teams of 3 and collaborated to design their learning paths and to test the methods learned in their classrooms. At the same time, they took on the role of moderators during the ITAO teacher trainings and, in the final stage, they led teacher training during cascading seminars. The qualitative findings of the study indicated that the RLS Model enhanced the interaction among the teachers, peer learning and the perception of effectiveness. In addition, this model paved the way for the exploration of interdisciplinary teaching, innovative methods in instructional design, and the integration of ICT in classroom implementations and adult education.
Reconstructing a graph from path traces

This paper considers the problem of inferring the structure of a network from indirect observations. Each observation (a “trace”) is the unordered set of nodes which are activated along a path through the network. Since a trace does not convey information about the order of nodes within the path, there are many feasible orders for each trace observed, and thus the problem of inferring the network from traces is, in general, ill-posed. We propose and analyze an algorithm which inserts edges by ordering each trace into a path according to which pairs of nodes in the path co-occur most frequently in the observations. When all traces involve exactly 3 nodes, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the reconstruction algorithm to exactly recover the graph. Finally, for a family of random graphs, we present expressions for reconstruction error probabilities (false discoveries and missed detections).
The Physiology and Proteomics of Drought Tolerance in Maize: Early Stomatal Closure as a Cause of Lower Tolerance to Short-Term Dehydration?

Understanding the response of a crop to drought is the first step in the breeding of tolerant genotypes. In our study, two maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes with contrasting sensitivity to dehydration were subjected to moderate drought conditions. The subsequent analysis of their physiological parameters revealed a decreased stomatal conductance accompanied by a slighter decrease in the relative water content in the sensitive genotype. In contrast, the tolerant genotype maintained open stomata and active photosynthesis, even under dehydration conditions. Drought-induced changes in the leaf proteome were analyzed by two independent approaches, 2D gel electrophoresis and iTRAQ analysis, which provided compatible but only partially overlapping results. Drought caused the up-regulation of protective and stress-related proteins (mainly chaperones and dehydrins) in both genotypes. The differences in the levels of various detoxification proteins corresponded well with the observed changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The number and levels of up-regulated protective proteins were generally lower in the sensitive genotype, implying a reduced level of proteosynthesis, which was also indicated by specific changes in the components of the translation machinery. Based on these results, we propose that the hypersensitive early stomatal closure in the sensitive genotype leads to the inhibition of photosynthesis and, subsequently, to a less efficient synthesis of the protective/detoxification proteins that are associated with drought tolerance.
Time-frequency distribution of partial phonetic information measured using mutual information

This paper uses the method of mutual information to estimate the distribution of partial phonetic information in the time-frequency plane relative to an acoustic landmark. TIMIT transcriptions are parsed to estimate the locations of consonant closure landmarks, consonant release landmarks, manner change landmarks, and vowel or glide pivot landmarks. A mel-scale spectrogram is computed over the 250ms centered at each landmark, and the logarithmic energy of each point in time-frequency space is linearly quantized. The phoneme label associated with a landmark determines the values of 25 binary distinctive features. Final-ly, coincidences between feature and spectral energy values are counted, and the average log probabilities are calculat-ed in order to produce an \infogram" of each distinctive feature: a measurementof the mutual information between the value of the feature and the energy of each point in the time-frequency plane.
Microbial protein and peptide metabolism in rumen fluid from faunated and ciliate-free sheep

1. Protease and deaminase activities and the metabolism of peptides were measured in rumen fluid from ciliate- free sheep and from sheep with a limited population of small entodinia. The same measurements were repeated following inoculation of the latter group with a more typical mixed ciliate population. 2. Protease and dialanine uptake activities of mixed rumen micro-organisms were not significantly influenced by protozoa. Trialanine uptake, leucine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11. 1), deaminase and trypsin-like protease activities were 70, 107,73 and 91 % higher with the limited population, and 72,58,64 and 55 % higher when mixed protozoa were present, indicating a major role for the protozoa in these activities.
Affect, data, manipulation and price in social media

ABSTRACT The so-called attention economy of social media relies on continuous attempts at capturing the ever fleeting and restless attention of users as they click away, move between tabs and refresh pages in the hope of novel titillating, amusing, interesting or distracting content. Its fast speeds and circulations have been associated with perpetual states of distraction where user attention is manipulated for the purposes of data extraction. Zooming in on this landscape, this article inquires after the price of social media as modes of exchange taking place between human and nonhuman actors consisting of individuals, corporations, algorithms and data, regularly within incommensurable scales of value and importance. It addresses the role of affect in the generation of both monetary and personal value, as well as the ambivalent sense of creepiness that the default leakiness of user data entail: here, affect emerges as fuel and motivator of user actions, as well as something that is increasingly tracked, analysed and manipulated as data for corporate profit. The article argues that considerations of price facilitate productive avenues into value alongside, and beyond, analyses of exploitation within new media economy and communicative capitalism.
Short-Term Effect of Laser Acupuncture on Lower Back Pain: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Trial

Purpose. This trial was performed to investigate the efficacy of laser acupuncture for the alleviation of lower back pain. Methods. This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Fifty-six participants were randomly assigned to either the laser acupuncture group (n = 28) or the sham laser acupuncture group (n = 28). Participants in both groups received three treatment sessions over the course of one week. Thirteen acupuncture points were selected. The visual analogue scale for pain, pressure pain threshold, Patient Global Impression of Change, and Euro-Quality-of-Life Five Dimensions questionnaire (Korean version) were used to evaluate the effect of laser acupuncture treatment on lower back pain. Results. There were no significant differences in any outcome between the two groups, although the participants in both groups showed a significant improvement in each assessed parameter relative to the baseline values. Conclusion. Although there was no significant difference in outcomes between the two groups, the results suggest that laser acupuncture can provide effective pain alleviation and can be considered an option for relief from lower back pain. Further studies using long-term intervention, a larger sample size, and rigorous methodology are required to clarify the effect of laser acupuncture on lower back pain.