Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Molecular Dissection of the Repression Circuitry of Ikaros*

Ikaros is a key regulator of the hemo-lymphoid system in which it is presumed to function by both potentiating and repressing gene expression. Repression is mediated through two independent domains at the N and C terminus of the protein, both of which can independently recruit the corepressors Mi-2β, Sin3A, and Sin3B and the Class I histone deacetylases 1 and 2; the N-terminal domain can also associate with the corepressor CtBP. Here we describe a detailed dissection of these two domains and identify the minimal repression modules and the corepressor requirements for their activity. Based on these studies, we describe mutations in a full-length Ikaros protein that abrogate interactions with each of the identified corepressors and abolish the protein's function as a repressor. Finally, we show that, barring CtBP, the Ikaros family members Aiolos, Helios, and Eos can associate with all of the identified corepressors of Ikaros including its newly identified interactors, Class II HDACs.
Sources of Income Inequality in Australia, 1968-69*

There are wide divergences in the mean incomes of males and females in Australia. In addition income is related to age, education and work force participation. This paper uses decompositions of Theil and Gini income-inequality coefficients to examine the extent to which inequality of earned income may be explained by these various factors. It is suggested that education and age, singly and jointly, explain a major part of inequality. Having allowed for these factors, sex appears to have a limited residual importance.
Wage Inequality and Immigration: Western-Europe in the Sixties

We analyse the immigration flows to Western Europe in the sixties. We develop a theoretical model tailored to account for some of the key features of this period, i.e., trade in manufacturing that essentially involved advanced countries, the growing administration of labour markets in Western Europe and the huge inflow of low skilled immigrants from the South (less advanced countries) into Western Europe. Two propositions are subsequently derived from this model. First, the immigration flow increases with the skill premium in the country of destination. Second, for a given skill premium, immigration is an increasing function of both the host country’s working population and its relative endowment in skilled labour. The first proposition reflects a demand side effect that diverges from the result of the traditional self-selecting approach to migration, i.e., that a higher skill premium in the country of destination tends to discourage potential low-skilled migrants. Estimations implemented for a panel of four European countries (Belgium, France, Sweden and West Germany) over the period 1960-1975 corroborate to a large extent our propositions. We also find that none of the supply determinants are individually significant at equilibrium. These results confirm the hypothesis that immigration to Western Europe in the sixties was primarily demand driven.
Globalization and International Labor Organizing

Globalization, the rapid increase in the pace of world market and social integration, is producing a ripening global awareness among all nations and a plethora of international organizations to coordinate and promote its further development. Huge transnational corporations have led the way, followed by neoliberal states, but also included are all kinds of social, scientific, sports, and other international organizations. Missing among the major players are labor unions. Why is globalization not producing transnational labor organization? A world-system perspective is employed to explain that the sources of increased market integration are also culprits in the weakening of unions and the associated decline of the welfare state. The authors overview the current state of international labor politics and examine the prospects of the leading organizations, focusing on North America. The research agenda that is advocated emphasizes a long-term perspective and a new look at the past repertoire of international organizing.
Acromegaly: Current Challenges and Future Directions in Latin America

Acromegaly is a rare disease, associated with significant morbidity and high mortality. The international literature provides different figures on the epidemiology of acromegaly in different populations, mainly in Europe and US. However, there are few studies that address its epidemiology in Latin America. The creation, starting in the 1990s, of national acromegaly registries in developed countries has stimulated the need to create them in our region, being Mexico the only country that has developed a national Registry. The clinical and biochemical characterization of patients with acromegaly in our region does not seem to be different from that described in the international literature; however, population studies are necessary to establish the epidemiological trends in Latin America.
The regulation of release parameters in underarm precision throwing

The aim of this study was to determine if adults spontaneously exploit the laws of physics to achieve better accuracy when throwing at various distances. Eight adults performed 25 underarm throws at five horizontal circular targets located 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 m away with a constant 5% relative accuracy requirement. Angle and speed of the ball at release were found to increase with throwing distance, while the coordinates of the release point did not change significantly. These results support the idea that people minimize the variability in impact distance by adapting both the angle and the speed at ball release following a mechanical optimum predicted by the laws of physics. Moreover, variability in distance was found to be less than expected because of independent variations in the angle and speed at ball release. Hence, the control of precision throwing seems to imply compensatory variability, as frequently reported in the control of skilled actions.
The Burden of Taxation

Applied tax incidence studies have concluded that the burden of the entire tax system is approximately proportional to income, a conclusion that depends critically on the assumption that sales and excise taxes are regressive. This paper shows that sales and excise taxes are progressive elements in the tax system when analyzed in a general-equilibrium model where government transfers are an important source of income. Consequently, the entire tax system is highly progressive under competitive assumptions about tax incidence. Moreover, the degree of progressivity is virtually unaffected when noncompetitive assumptions about tax incidence are employed.
Payday Loans, Uncertainty and Discounting: Explaining Patterns of Borrowing, Repayment, and Default

Ten million American households borrowed on payday loans in 2002. Typically, to receive two weeks of liquidity from these loans households paid annualized (compounded) interest rates over 7000%. Using an administrative dataset from a payday lender, we seek to explain demand-side behavior in the payday loan market. We estimate a structural dynamic programming model that includes standard features like liquidity constraints and stochastic income, and we also incorporate institutionally realistic payday loans, default opportunities, and generalizations of the discount function. Method of Simulated Moments estimates of the key parameters are identi…ed by two novel pieces of evidence. First, over half of payday borrowers default on a payday loan within one year of their …rst loans. Second, defaulting borrowers have on average already repaid or serviced …ve payday loans, making interest payments of 90% of their original loan’s principal. Such costly delay of default, we …nd, is most consistent with partially naive quasihyperbolic discounting, and we statistically reject nested benchmark alternatives.
Local Recurrences following Transoral Laser Surgery for Early Glottic Carcinoma: Frequency, Management, and Outcome

Although transoral laser surgery (TLS) for the treatment of early stage glottic carcinoma is now widely used, the patterns of local recurrences, related re-treatment methods, and results have not been documented comprehensively. Two hundred fifty-two patients with glottic carcinoma stage I or II were treated for cure with TLS alone and followed up for 24 to 139 months (mean, 62 months). Their charts were retrospectively reviewed to identify local recurrence patterns. Thirty-five patients (13.9%) presented with local recurrences or second laryngeal primaries 4 to 84 months (mean, 23 months) after initial treatment. Of the 161 patients classified T1N0M0, 21 (13.0%) suffered local recurrences, and in the 91 classified T2N0M0. 14 (15.4%) tumors recurred. If tumors recurring more than 60 months after initial treatment are considered second primary tumors rather than recurrences, then only 18 (11.2%) of 161 patients classified T1N0M0 would have had a recurrence. However, the difference in local control between patients with stage I versus stage II disease would still not be significant (p = .41). Of the 35 patients with local recurrences, 16 (45%) were managed with total laryngectomy, 10 (28.6%) with further TLS, 4(11.4%) with partial laryngectomy, and 2 (5.7%) with radiotherapy, and 3 (8.6%) had no curative treatment. Accordingly, 16 patients (45.7%) with local treatment failure could be treated with further organ-sparing treatment methods. The actuarial overall survival, disease-specific survival, and organ preservation rates 5 years after the diagnosis of recurrent disease were 43.6%, 74.6%, and 33.7%. Transoral laser surgery leads to local control rates that are comparable to those found after radiotherapy for lesions classified T1 and leads to slightly better control rates for lesions classified T2, but the results are inferior to those achieved with conventional partial laryngectomy. However, if local recurrence occurs, then more re-treatment options are available after TLS as compared to initial radiotherapy or open surgery.
Moving beyond the dichotomy of workplace and community unionism: The challenges of organising migrant workers in London’s hotels

This article examines a joint effort by the union Unite and the community organisation London Citizens to unionise two migrant-rich hotels in London. The author explores the effectiveness of union and community strategies in the field of migrant organising drawing from the literature on union strategy and workers’ activism and focusing on workers’ own experiences of mobilisation. Gender, contractual and migration-related barriers to workers’ engagement in the campaign appeared determinant of the failure of the unionisation effort while the leaders eventually favoured a politics of incentive towards employers, ‘contracting out’ the protest to institutional actors in the community. The central argument is that neither workplace-based nor community unionism alone appears effective in terms of sustaining union activism among highly fragmented, migrant and precarious workforces. The renewal of industrial unionism in the UK rather requires unions to tackle the intersecting discriminations experienced by migrants across their communities and workplaces.
The Information Workbench – A Platform for Linked Data Applications

In this system paper, we describe the Information Workbench, a platform for developing Linked Data applications. The platform features a highly customizable user interface to present the data to the users and realize different interaction mechanisms. UI development is based on Semantic Wiki technologies, enriched with a large set of widgets for data access, navigation, exploration, visualization, data authoring, analytics, as well as data mashups with external data sources. Widgets can be easily embedded into Semantic Wiki pages in a fully declarative way using a simple wiki-based syntax. In this way, the structure and behavior of the user interface can be easily customized to create domainand application-specific solutions with little effort. Our paper describes the technical architecture of the Information Workbench platform, particularly focusing on the tight coupling between the domain-specific semantic data model and the elements of the user interface, which in turn facilitates UI customization. Furthermore, we describe examples of applying the Information Workbench platform to build applications with semantic interfaces for real-world use case scenarios in different domains, including data center management and semantic content publishing.
Accounting and control: a case study of resistance to accounting change

Abstract This paper describes a case study which traces the introduction of a new accounting control system into the unit companies of a division of a large multidivisional company and explores the antecedents and consequences of the resistance encountered by the project development team. The objectives of the study are to explore the complex web of social processes which comprise accounting change, to illustrate their historical and contingent character, and to illustrate how the process of change can inadvertently create the conditions which defeat the content of the change. It is important not to dismiss resistance to accounting change as illogical and emotional. Such resistance is probably informed by a whole variety of very real concerns and fears. It is only by exploring the organisational and historical contingencies which influence the process of accounting change that resistance can be understood. In this case we see how, in an organisation characterised by an ambiguous form of decentralisation, the failure to secure the legitimacy of a new system, coupled with an inability to find a workable relationship between the languages of production and accounting, lead to resistance to accounting change.
Resource Investments and Loyalty to Recreational Sport Tourism Event

ABSTRACT Sport tourism events have a marketing possibility in the Japanese tourism industry. The ultramarathon is a very popular recreational sport event in the world. This type of sport tourism event has shared with completive and enjoyment factors in relation to participant's motivation. Loyalty is a very important factor with attendance to recreational sport events. Generally, as many researchers indicated, that participants' loyalty will lead to repeat attendance or purchase. However, there is no consensus as to how loyalty develops. In the files of recreational sport tourism event research, the process leading to participants' loyalty with a specific event is not evident. The purpose of this article is to test a conceptual framework of the development of loyalty (Morais et al., 2004) that is grounded in resource theory. According to the proposed model, when participants and organizers invest specific profiles of resources in each other, the participants tend to develop a bond with the customer and become dedicated to maintaining a stable relationship. The model is used to discuss the mixed results of current loyalty from recreational sport event tourists to organizers and to outline future research efforts.
The Economic Implications of Proposed Changes in the Accounting for Nuclear Decommissioning Costs

This paper analyzes the accounting effects of the proposed standard Accounting for Obligations Associated with the Retirement of Long‐Lived Assets, and considers the economic effects of accounting data in electric utility rate‐making. Specifically, we model the financial statement with respect to nuclear decommissioning costs and posit several likely scenarios for the economic implications for the affected firms, their electric consumers, and the rate regulators. The model reveals that the sign of the equity adjustment at adoption and the change in ongoing expense will depend on (1) the age of the plant, and (2) the ratio of the current cost estimate used to compute depreciation under the current practice and the estimated future decommissioning cost. When the model is applied to firms with nuclear plants, we find that the financial statement effects at adoption will be substantial for many firms, and that the ongoing effects of the standard will be to increase the reported expenses of decommissioning sub.
Lost in Translation or Full Steam Ahead

This study supplements extant literature on implementation in the European Union (EU). The quantitative analysis, which covers the EU transport acquis, reveals five main findings. First, the EU has a transposition deficit in this area, with almost 70% of all national legal instruments causing problems. Second, transposition delay is multifaceted. The results provide strong support for the assertion that distinguishing between the outcomes of the transposition process (on time, short delay or long delay) is a useful method of investigation. Third, factors specific to European directives (level of discretion and transposition deadline) and domestic-level factors (national transposition package and number of veto players) have different effects on the length of delay. Furthermore, the timing of general elections in member states as well as policy (sub)sector-related accidents influence the timeliness of national transposition processes.
1 COMPLEX PROSPECTIVE MEMORY AND AGING : THE INFLUENCE OF MOTIVATIONAL INCENTIVES

Memory for activities to be performed in the future, i.e., prospective memory, such as remembering to take medication or remembering to give a colleague a message, is a pervasive real world memory task that has recently begun to attract the attention of numerous researchers. Age effects in prospective memory have been found particularly in complex paradigms requiring participants to remember to switch between several sub-tasks in a limited time period (e.g., Kliegel, McDaniel, & Einstein, 2000). Here, most of the older adults tend to try to complete one or two subtasks and to forget the prospective instruction to work on all sub-tasks. Since recent findings in this context show that one profits from tips regarding the relevant task's salience in complex double-tasks, it seems likely that age effects in prospective memory tasks might also be due to the lack of information about the salience of the prospective task. To test this hypothesis, the salience of the prospective task was varied in the present study with 104 young and old participants by providing motivational incentives to interrupt and switch during the introduction phase (plan formation) as well as during the execution phase. Also, interindividual differences regarding non-executive as well as executive cognitive resources were analyzed, thus allowing estimation of the relationship between these factors and (age-related) performance in complex prospective remembering. The results show age effects in favour of the younger group in all task components of the complex prospective multi-task. In contrast, none of the groups profited significantly from the present experimental manipulation of motivational incentives. Finally, in regression analyses, particularly planning (i.e. intention formation) was found to be a significant predictor of intention execution, explaining most of the age-related variance. In sum, our results specifically highlight the fundamental importance of adequately planning the complex intention and do not support the hypothesis that age-related decrements in performance are reflecting a lack of task salience in the present complex prospective memory paradigm.
Chip scale packaging of piezoresistive pressure sensors using dry-film shielding

In this study, a chip scale packaging (CSP) of piezoresistive pressure sensors using a dry-film shielding approach is demonstrated. A sensing-channel just above the silicon membrane of the pressure sensor has to be reserved in the package body. To prevent the silicon membrane of the pressure sensors from the metal-deposition contaminations, a dry-film with a redistribution pattern is used to shield the sensing-channel opening during seed layer sputter process of the trace redistribution. Experimental results reveal that the silicon membrane of the pressure sensor is free of metal-deposition contamination and functional operation. The packaged pressure sensor has a linearity error of 0.2 psi at 25°C and sensitivity repeatability of 3.5×10−4mVV−1psi−1 at pressure range of 0∼100psi (3σ). The proposed pressure sensor package holds advantages on both low cost and tiny packaging size, making it suitable for portable consumer products.
An empirical investigation on the determinants of capital structure: the UK and Italian experience

This article investigates the empirical determinants of capital structure choice by analysing security issues made by companies in the UK and Italy between 1992 and 1996, and examines how companies actually select between financing instruments at a given point in time and in different financial contexts. A descriptive model of choice is developed and then estimated using Logit and Probit estimation procedures, and using data of two samples, which are assumed to be representative of a particular financial environment. The results provide evidence of interesting differences between the two financial markets, generally supporting the idea of the UK market being more testable and in principle more consistent with the main prescriptions of the more recent developments of capital structure theory; on the whole, the results provide support for positive effects of size and profitability, and negative impact of liquidity conditions and bankruptcy risk on the financial leverage of companies. This, together with the negative effect displayed by the available reserves which are taken as a proxy of internally generated funds, lends support to the pecking order theory of capital structure. It is also suggested that firms in well developed financial systems (UK) may have long-term target leverage ratios, while in less efficient markets (Italy) an optimal debt level does not seem to be a major concern. Finally, for both markets, the results are consistent with the notion that the tax advantage of debt financing plays a relevant role in capital structure decisions.
Analysis of health promotion and prevention financing mechanisms in Thailand

Summary In the transition to the post-2015 agenda, many countries are striving towards universal health coverage (UHC). Achieving this, governments need to shift from curative care to promotion and prevention services. This research analyses Thailand's financing system for health promotion and prevention, and assesses policy options for health financing reforms. The study employed a mixed-methods approach and integrates multiple sources of evidence, including scientific and grey literature, expenditure data, and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in Thailand. The analysis was underpinned by the use of a well-known health financing framework. In Thailand, three agencies plus local governments share major funding roles for health promotion and prevention services: the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH), the National Health Security Office, the Thai Health Promotion Foundation and Tambon Health Insurance Funds. The total expenditure on prevention and public health in 2010 was 10.8% of the total health expenditure, greater than many middle-income countries that average 7.0–9.2%. MOPH was the largest contributor at 32.9%, the Universal Coverage scheme was the second at 23.1%, followed by the local governments and ThaiHealth at 22.8 and 7.3%, respectively. Thailand's health financing system for promotion and prevention is strategic and innovative due to the three complementary mechanisms in operation. There are several methodological limitations to determine the adequate level of spending. The health financing reforms in Thailand could usefully inform policymakers on ways to increase spending on promotion and prevention. Further comparative policy research is needed to generate evidence to support efforts towards UHC.