Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Case of Opioid Overdose and Subsequent Death After Medically Supervised Withdrawal: The Problematic Role of Rapid Tapers for Opioid Use Disorder.

BACKGROUND Relapse to opioid use is common after rapid opioid withdrawal. As a result, short-term tapers of opioid agonist/partial agonist medications, such as methadone and buprenorphine/naloxone, are no longer recommended by recent clinical care guidelines for the management of opioid use disorder. Nonetheless, rapid tapers are still commonplace in medically supervised withdrawal settings. CASE SUMMARY We report a case of an individual with opioid use disorder who was prescribed a rapid buprenorphine/naloxone taper in a medically supervised withdrawal facility and who had a subsequent opioid overdose and death after discharge. DISCUSSION The fatal outcome in this case study underscores the potential severe harms associated with use of rapid tapers. Given the increased overdose risk, tapers should be avoided and continuing care strategies, such as maintenance pharmacotherapy, should be initiated in medically supervised withdrawal settings.
Oat bran stimulates bile acid synthesis within 8 h as measured by 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one.

BACKGROUND Oat bran contains soluble fibers, such as beta-glucan, that increase bile acid excretion and thus decrease serum cholesterol. Bile acid synthesis correlates with serum concentrations of the metabolite 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (alpha-HC). OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate whether consumption of beta-glucan from oat bran increases bile acid synthesis, as measured by the serum alpha-HC concentration, within hours after consumption in response to the loss of bile acids from the liver. DESIGN In a randomized, single-blind, wheat bran-controlled study with crossover design, 8 subjects were served a controlled diet during 2 periods of 3 d each, with an 11-d washout between the periods. Breakfast included either 75 g extruded oat bran, of which 11 g was beta-glucan, or 75 g wheat bran, of which 1 g was beta-glucan. Alpha-HC was measured by HPLC on each day at 0, 12, and 24 h after breakfast and also at 8 h after breakfast on the first day. RESULTS After 8 and 12 h of the oat bran diet period, the serum alpha-HC concentration was 84% (P = 0.012) and 92% (P = 0.017) higher, respectively, than that before breakfast. Serum concentrations returned to the baseline value after 24 h. Wheat bran did not influence serum alpha-HC concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of beta-glucan from oat bran nearly doubled the serum alpha-HC concentration within 8 h, indicating increased bile acid synthesis. alpha-HC in serum could be used as a marker of increased bile acid excretion induced by the diet.
Intakes of whole grains, bran, and germ and the risk of coronary heart disease in men.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that a daily intake of 3 servings of whole-grain foods is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, methods for the assessment of whole-grain intake differ. Furthermore, any additional effects of added bran and germ, which are components of whole grains, have not been reported. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the association of whole-grain, bran, and germ intakes (with the use of new quantitative measures) with the incidence of CHD. DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study of 42,850 male health professionals aged 40-75 y at baseline in 1986 who were free from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. Daily whole-grain, bran, and germ intakes were derived in grams per day from a detailed semiquantitative dietary questionnaire. RESULTS During 14 y of follow-up, we documented 1818 incident cases of CHD. After cardiovascular disease risk factors and the intakes of bran and germ added to foods were controlled for, the hazard ratio of CHD between extreme quintiles of whole-grain intake was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.96; P for trend=0.01). The hazard ratio of CHD in men with the highest intake of added bran was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.82) compared with men with no intake of added bran (P for trend < or = 0.001). Added germ was not associated with CHD risk. CONCLUSION This study supports the reported beneficial association of whole-grain intake with CHD and suggests that the bran component of whole grains could be a key factor in this relation.
2018-00549-Formal aspects of multiview , dynamic hardware and software architectures

Modern embedded system architectures, such as those developed using the AUTOSAR standard, involve multiple views of a given system, including logical views of application components, and physical views encompassing the assembly and mapping of application components on a given hardware architecture. In addition, such architectures combine functional specifications with quantitative constraints, such as real-time bounds for task execution and component reliability requirements.
Increasing pressure does not bene fi t lie detection : a reply to

When passively attending to suspects, observers are poor at distinguishing lies from truths. Deception research has therefore shifted to examining interview styles aimed at eliciting and enhancing deception cues. Based upon a literature review and three empirical studies, ten Brinke, L. , Khambatta, P., and Carney, D. R. [2015. Physically scarce (vs. enriched) environments decrease the ability to successfully tell lies. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144, 982–992. doi:10.1037/xge0000103] recommend increasing pressure on interviewees as it would increase lie detection accuracy. In this comment, we argue that these authors (1) misinterpret the literature when concluding that lie detection benefits from increasing pressure on interviewees, and (2) their data do not show that lie detection is more accurate when pressure is increased. In absence of such data, we recommend that increasing pressure on interviewees should be avoided: it hampers the elicitation of valuable information and can lead to false confessions. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 29 November 2015 Accepted 7 June 2016
Bicarbonate kinetics and predicted energy expenditure in critically ill children 1 – 3

Background: To determine nutrient requirements by the carbon oxidation techniques, it is necessary to know the fraction of carbon dioxide produced during the oxidative process but not excreted. This fraction has not been described in critically ill children. By measuring the dilution of C infused by metabolically produced carbon dioxide, the rates of carbon dioxide appearance can be estimated. Energy expenditure can be determined by bicarbonate dilution kinetics if the energy equivalents of carbon dioxide (food quotient) from the diet ingested are known. Objective: We conducted a 6-h, primed, continuous tracer infusion of NaHCO3 in critically ill children fed parenterally or enterally or receiving only glucose and electrolytes, to determine bicarbonate fractional recovery, bicarbonate rates of appearance, and energy
Evolution of a Dominant Natural Isolate of Escherichia coli in the Human Gut over the Course of a Year Suggests a Neutral Evolution with Reduced Effective Population Size

ABSTRACT In vitro and in vivo evolution experiments on Escherichia coli revealed several principles of bacterial adaptation. However, few data are available in the literature describing the behavior of E. coli in its natural environment. We attempted here to study the evolution in the human gut of a commensal dominant E. coli clone, ED1a belonging to the B2 phylogroup, through a longitudinal genomic study. We sequenced 24 isolates sampled at three different time points within a healthy individual over almost a year. We computed a mutation rate of 6.90 × 10−7 mutations per base per year of the chromosome for E. coli ED1a in healthy human gut. We observed very limited genomic diversity and could not detect any evidence of selection, in contrast to what is observed in experimental evolution over a similar length of time. We therefore suggest that ED1a, being well adapted to the healthy human gut, evolves mostly neutrally with a low effective population size (Ne of ≈500 to 1,700). IMPORTANCE In this study, we follow the genomic fate of a dominant clone of Escherichia coli in the human gut of a healthy individual over about a year. We could compute a low annual mutation rate that supports low diversity, and we could not retrieve any clear signature of selection. These observations support a neutral evolution of E. coli in the human gut, compatible with a very limited effective population size that deviates drastically with the observations made previously in experimental evolution.
The nutrition transition is underway in India.

Nutrition research in India has previously focused on the serious problem of undernutrition related to nutrient deficit and high rates of infection. Recent data from the National Family Health Survey 1998/99 (NFHS 2), however, identified a significant proportion of Indian women as overweight, coexisting with high rates of malnutrition. This paper examines the emerging nutrition transition for women living in rural and urban communities of Andhra Pradesh, India. NFHS 2 provides nationally representative data on women's weight and height. In this paper, we examine representative data from the state of Andhra Pradesh (n = 4032 women). Logistic regression analyses are applied to the data to identify socioeconomic, regional and demographic determinants of overweight and thinness. The major nutrition problem facing women continues to be undernutrition, with 37% having a low body mass index [(BMI) < 18.5 kg/m(2)]; 8% of these women are severely malnourished (BMI < 16 kg/m(2)). However, 12% of the women can be classified as overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m(2)) and 2% are obese (BMI > 30 kg/m(2)). Furthermore, in the large cities of the state in which 4% of the sample live, 37% of women are overweight or obese, whereas in the rural areas in which 74% reside, 43% have a low BMI. Women from lower socioeconomic groups are also significantly more likely to have a low BMI. Findings from the logistic regression models reveal socioeconomic status to be a more important predictor of both over- and underweight than location of residence.
Development of High Welding Speed in Friction Stir Welded 5182-H111, and the Resulting Influence on down Force

In this manuscript the development of the process parameters to friction stir weld 5.15mm thick AA5182-H111 at a feed rate of 1500mm/min is discussed. Compared to a weld made at 200mm/min the weld-pitch had to be reduced from 2.0rev/mm to 0.3rev/mm and down force increased from 27kN to 59kN to create a weld with tensile-and yield strength exceeding that of the parent material, whilst elongation was only marginally reduced. The low weld pitch coupled with the high feed rate resulted in a reduction in the weld temperature and an increase in the process reaction forces. A lower down force was sufficient to consolidate the stir zone and result in ultimate tensile strength yield strength exceeding that of the parent material. However, elongation was reduced since the low weld pitch also reduced the effectiveness of the flutes on the pin to break up and disperse the oxide layer, rendering a pseudo bond along the ‘Lazy S’. This pseudo bond was eliminated through an increase in the down force.
Polarization Encoded Color Image Embedded in a Dielectric Metasurface

Optical metasurfaces have shown unprecedented capabilities in the local manipulation of the light's phase, intensity, and polarization profiles, and represent a new viable technology for applications such as high‐density optical storage, holography and display. Here, a novel metasurface platform is demonstrated for simultaneously encoding color and intensity information into the wavelength‐dependent polarization profile of a light beam. Unlike typical metasurface devices in which images are encoded by phase or amplitude modulation, the color image here is multiplexed into several sets of polarization profiles, each corresponding to a distinct color, which further allows polarization modulation‐induced additive color mixing. This unique approach features the combination of wavelength selectivity and arbitrary polarization control down to a single subwavelength pixel level. The encoding approach for polarization and color may open a new avenue for novel, effective color display elements with fine control over both brightness and contrast, and may have significant impact for high‐density data storage, information security, and anticounterfeiting.
Vegetables, fruit, and antioxidant-related nutrients and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a National Cancer Institute-Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results population-based case-control study.

BACKGROUND Factors related to DNA damage and altered immunologic responses, such as reactive oxygen species production, are associated with the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate NHL risk with intakes of vegetables, fruit, and nutrients involved in antioxidant activities. DESIGN Incident case subjects aged 20-74 y were identified between 1998 and 2000 from a National Cancer Institute-sponsored study by using four Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries. Control subjects, who were selected by random dialing (< 65 y) and from Medicare files (> or = 65 y), were matched to cases by age, center, race, and sex. Of 1321 case and 1057 control subjects who enrolled, dietary data were collected on a subset (466 cases and 391 controls). Carotenoid intakes were estimated by using updated values from the US Department of Agriculture nutrient databases. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS NHL risk was inversely associated with higher number of weekly servings of all vegetables (multivariable OR for highest compared with lowest quartile: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.95; P for trend = 0.04), green leafy vegetables (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.96; P for trend = 0.01), and cruciferous vegetables (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.39, 1.00; P for trend = 0.05) and with higher daily intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.91; P for trend = 0.06) and zinc (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.91; P for trend = 0.02). An effect modification by exercise and NHL subtype was observed with some food groups and nutrients. CONCLUSION Higher intakes of vegetables, lutein and zeaxanthin, and zinc are associated with a lower NHL risk.
Skeletal muscle weakness is associated with wasting of extremity fat-free mass but not with airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle weakness is a prominent problem in many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine the relation between skeletal muscle function, body composition, and lung function in COPD (emphysema and chronic bronchitis) patients and healthy volunteers. DESIGN In 50 patients with chronic bronchitis, 49 patients with emphysema, and 28 healthy volunteers, skeletal muscle function was assessed by handgrip and linear isokinetic dynamometry. Whole-body and subregional fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Whole-body and extremity FFM were significantly lower in patients with emphysema (P < 0.001) and chronic bronchitis (P < 0.05) than in healthy volunteers, but trunk FFM was significantly lower only in patients with emphysema (P < 0.001). Extremity FFM was not significantly different between the COPD subtype groups, despite significantly lower values for whole-body and trunk FFM (P < 0.05) in patients with emphysema. Absolute skeletal muscle function (P < 0. 001) and muscle function per kilogram of whole-body FFM were significantly lower in both COPD subtype groups than in healthy volunteers (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was found between patients with chronic bronchitis and those with emphysema. Muscle function per kilogram of extremity FFM was not significantly different between the 3 groups and was not associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s. CONCLUSION Skeletal muscle weakness is associated with wasting of extremity FFM in COPD patients, independent of airflow obstruction and COPD subtype.
Total homocysteine and its predictors in Dutch children.

BACKGROUND Vitamin status, methylenentetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotype, age, sex, and lifestyle factors are all predictors of total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in adults. Limited data are available about the influence of these factors on tHcy in children. OBJECTIVE The objective was to describe tHcy and its predictors in Dutch children. DESIGN A sample of 234 white children aged 0-19 y was analyzed cross-sectionally. RESULTS The geometric mean tHcy concentrations were 5.1 (95% CI: 4.6, 5.6), 4.6 (4.2, 5.1), 6.2 (5.6, 6.9), 7.3 (6.7, 8.0), and 8.7 (7.9, 9.6) micromol/L in the 0-1, 2-5, 6-10, 11-14, and 15-19 y groups, respectively. Plasma folate and vitamin B-12 concentrations decreased markedly with age. The inverse association between tHcy and plasma folate seen at all ages was stronger than that between tHcy and plasma vitamin B-12. A negative association of plasma folate with tHcy was confined to folate concentrations <20 nmol/L. Homozygosity for the MTHFR 677C-->T polymorphism was identified in 8.2% of the children. The homocysteine concentration did not differ significantly between the MTHFR genotypes. CONCLUSIONS This study provided age-specific data regarding tHcy concentrations and their predictors in the whole range of childhood. The tHcy concentration increased as a function of age in both sexes. Plasma folate was a concentration-dependent predictor of tHcy. The MTHFR 677C-->T polymorphism played a minor role in determining tHcy concentrations in children.
Long-term high copper intake: effects on copper absorption, retention, and homeostasis in men.

BACKGROUND Numerous studies have examined the effect of low and adequate intakes of copper on absorption and retention, but little information is available on the regulation of absorption and retention of copper when intake is high. OBJECTIVE A study was conducted in men to determine the effect of long-term high copper intake on copper absorption, retention, and homeostasis. DESIGN Nine men were confined to a metabolic research unit (MRU) for 18 d and were fed a 3-d rotating menu containing an average of 1.6 mg Cu/d. They continued the study under free-living conditions for 129 d, supplementing their usual diets with 7 mg Cu/d. They then returned to the MRU for 18 d and consumed the same diet as during the first period, except that copper intake was 7.8 mg/d. The stable isotope (63)Cu was fed to 3 subjects and infused into the other 6 on day 7 of each MRU period, and complete urine and stool collections were made throughout the study. Total copper and (63)Cu were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Copper absorption, excretion, and retention were calculated on the basis of dietary, urinary, and fecal copper and (63)Cu. RESULTS Results were as follows when comparing the high copper intake with the usual intake: fractional copper absorption was significantly lower, but the amount absorbed was significantly higher; excretion of the infused (63)Cu was significantly faster; and total retention was significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS Homeostatic regulation of copper absorption and retention helped to minimize the amount of copper retained with high copper intake but was not sufficient to prevent retention of >0.6 mg Cu/d.
A Histidine pH sensor regulates activation of the Ras-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor RasGRP1

RasGRPs are guanine nucleotide exchange factors that are specific for Ras or Rap, and are important regulators of cellular signaling. Aberrant expression or mutation of RasGRPs results in disease. An analysis of RasGRP1 SNP variants led to the conclusion that the charge of His 212 in RasGRP1 alters signaling activity and plasma membrane recruitment, indicating that His 212 is a pH sensor that alters the balance between the inactive and active forms of RasGRP1. To understand the structural basis for this effect we compared the structure of autoinhibited RasGRP1, determined previously, to those of active RasGRP4:H-Ras and RasGRP2:Rap1b complexes. The transition from the autoinhibited to the active form of RasGRP1 involves the rearrangement of an inter-domain linker that displaces inhibitory inter-domain interactions. His 212 is located at the fulcrum of these conformational changes, and structural features in its vicinity are consistent with its function as a pH-dependent switch.
Classical Latent Profile Analysis of Academic Self-Concept Dimensions: Synergy of Person- and Variable-Centered Approaches to Theoretical Models of Self-Concept

In this investigation, we used a classic latent profile analysis (LPA), a person-centered approach, to identify groups of students who had similar profiles for multiple dimensions of academic self-concept (ASC) and related these LPA groups to a diverse set of correlates. Consistent with a priori predictions, we identified 5 LPA groups representing a combination of profile level (high vs. low overall ASC) and profile shape (math vs. verbal self-concepts) that complemented results based on a traditional variable-centered approach. Whereas LPA groups were substantially and logically related to the set of 10 correlates, much of the predictive power of individual ASC factors was lost in the formation of groups and the inclusion of the correlates into the LPA distorted the nature of the groups. LPA issues examined include distinctions between quantitative (level) and qualitative (shape) differences in LPA profiles, goodness of fit and the determination of the number of LPA groups, appropriateness of correlates as covariates or auxiliary variables, and alternative approaches to present and interpret the results.
Evaluation of vitamin A supplementation regimens in Ghanaian postpartum mothers with the use of the modified-relative-dose-response test.

BACKGROUND Vitamin A deficiency is an important public health problem in many developing countries. Women of childbearing age and children are documented as the most affected groups. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the length of time mothers are protected postpartum against vitamin A depletion after receiving either 400,000 IU vitamin A in 2 divided doses or 200,000 IU as a single dose plus a placebo 24 h apart. DESIGN Mothers (n = 168) were recruited by trained fieldworkers 7-10 d after delivery. Modified-relative-dose-response (MRDR) tests were performed at baseline in 167 women, and vitamin A was administered within 6 wk after delivery. The women were randomly assigned to 2 main treatment groups, and each treatment group was divided into 3 follow-up subgroups. Each subgroup was invited back once at month 1, 3, or 5 for a second MRDR test. RESULTS The serum retinol concentration and the MRDR value were 1.4 +/- 0.5 micromol/L and 0.048 +/- 0.037, respectively, at baseline. A significant improvement in vitamin A status occurred after vitamin A treatment as assessed by the MRDR test (P < 0.0001). Serum retinol concentrations were not different after vitamin A treatment (P = 0.87). CONCLUSIONS The mothers had marginally depleted liver reserves of vitamin A at baseline on the basis of MRDR test results. Liver reserves of vitamin A significantly improved in both treatment groups, and the improvement was maintained for >or= 5 mo.
On the effectiveness of emotion extraction techniques

Emotion is considered to be an important factor in human decision making and consciousness. Due to its perceived importance, recently a number of works try to explore emotion in IR tasks. However, the complexity of emotion extractors and lack of understanding on their effectiveness hinder the progress of such works. In this paper, we conduct a comparative study on the effectiveness of three emotion extractors. Our findings show a superior performance of an extractor based on OCC model.