Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathologic Features of Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Carcinoma

Background:Familial nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) is a variant of nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma(NMTC) with particular clinicopathologic features. In recent years, a number of studies have shown that FNMTC is more invasive than sporadic NMTC(SNMTC). The purpose of this study was to explore the differences in clinicopathologic features of FNMTC between different types of families and to determine in which of these families more invasive FNMTC occurred. Methods:We retrospectively reviewed all patients with thyroid carcinoma admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2009 to July 2013 in the database. Of all 2000 cases, 55 met the inclusive criteria for FNMTC and were studied. There are two different grouping methods. The first is that all samples were allocated to families with three or more first-degree relatives affected (FNMTC-3 group) and families with only two affected first-degree relatives (FNMTC-2 group). The second is that all patients were divided into families with three or more affected first-degree relatives over two generations (FNMTC-3-2 group) and the other families. We compared the clinicopathologic features such as sex, age, tumor size, multifocality, location, complications by thyroiditis, complications by benign thyroid nodules, surgical procedure, capsule invasion, histological type, lymph node metastases, tumor node metastasis stage, and BRAF mutation between FNMTC-2 group and FNMTC-3 group. We also made the same comparison between FNMTC-3-2 group and other families. Results:No pronounced differences in clinicopathological features were present between FNMTC-2 group and FNMTC-3 group. The proportion of FNMTC-3-2 group aged <45 years was significantly higher than that in the other families (58.8% vs. 26.3%, P = 0.021). A similar difference was found in the proportion of lymph node metastasis (64.7% vs. 34.2%, P = 0.035). Conclusions:FNMTC-3-2 is more invasive than the other families. Early screening and positive treatment for members of these families are recommended.
Neuropsychological Assessment of Suspected Malingering: Research Results, Evaluation Techniques, and Further Directions of Research and Application

Possibilities for neuropsychological assessment of suspected malingering are addressed. First, various forms of deception (malingering, factitious disorders, hysteria) and their implications for clinical neuropsychology are discussed. Then, threshold models for the detection of malingering as well as specially designed assessment techniques (e. g., individual tests, deficit testing, tests specifically for malingerers, and symptom validity testing) are described. Finally, the current status of clinical methods and research strategies is summarized, and recent and further developments of assessment and research are reported.
Optical pulsation based on near-field interactions at the nanoscale by continuous-wave light excitation

We theoretically demonstrate optical pulsation based on optical near-field interactions at the nanoscale. We observe pulsation in populations pumped by continuous-wave light excitation based on optical energy transfer from smaller to larger quantum dots. This will provide critical insights toward the design and implementation of experimental nanophotonic pulse generating devices.
Overcoming the uncanny valley: Displays of emotions reduce the uncanniness of humanlike robots

In this paper we show empirically that highly humanlike robots make thoughts of death more accessible, leading to perceptions of uncanniness and eeriness of such robots. Rather than reducing the humanlikeness of robots, our research suggests the addition of emotion displays to decrease a sense of uncanniness. We show that a highly humanlike robot displaying emotions in a social context reduces death-thought accessibility (DTA), which in turn reduces uncanniness. In a pre-test with N = 95 participants, we established that not all humanoid robots elicit thoughts of death and that the extent to which a robot appears humanlike may be linked to DTA. In our Main Study, N = 44 participants briefly interacted with a highly humanlike robotic head that either showed appropriate basic emotions or reacted by blinking. The display of emotions significantly reduced perceptions of uncanniness, which was mediated by a corresponding reduction in DTA. Implications for the design of humanoid robots are proposed.
Consent and the Legitimacy of Punishment

In his paper, “The Right of the Guilty,” Corey Brettschneider aims to develop and defend a theory of punishment within the framework of a liberal-contractarian conception of political legitimacy. My response argues that this attempt to extend the liberal-contractarian theory reveals, in a particularly clear and striking manner, deep and ultimately insurmountable conceptual difficulties for that theory.
Domain-Based Classification of CSCW Systems

CSCW systems are widely used for group activities in different organizations and setups. This study briefly describes the existing classifications of CSCW systems and their shortcomings. These existing classifications are helpful to categorize systems based on a general set of CSCW characteristics but do not provide any guidance towards system design and evaluation. After literature review of ACM CSCW conference (1986-2010), a new classification is proposed to categorize CSCW systems on the basis of domains. This proposed classification may help researchers to come up with more effective design and evaluation methods for CSCW systems.
Thelma E. Weeks, The slow speech development of a bright child . Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath, 1974. Pp. xxi+159.

This book describes some aspects of the development of Leslie, whose speech, at the age of 3; o, was virtually unintelligible to strangers. Her family only understood between 25 % and 50 % of what she said. She nevertheless talked a lot. Her main problem seemed to be phonological, although there was some spill-over into grammatical and lexical difficulties; there were no obvious physical defects in articulation or hearing. Although her speech development between the ages of 1; o and 4; o was slow, she had certainly caught up by the age of 5; o. At the age of 458 her IQ was measured as 139. Her early slowness in speech development did not affect her performance in her early school years. Although the book provides us with some interesting data (always welcome! ) and raises certain important issues, its organization and style can only be described as loose. For example, Leslie's speech registers are discussed in some detail (23-7) although they do not seem particularly relevant to the stated objectives of the book (her development of registers was not slow; nor, on the other hand, do such registers in any way compensate for slow development in other areas). The term STRATEGIES, which of course is highly fashionable in child language studies, is dragged in wherever possible. While in many cases it seems an appropriate term, on other occasions it seems that almost anything in Leslie's speech can be labelled a 'strategy'. Lists of 'strategies' are given on p. 27 and p. 139. The list on p. 27 includes drilling herself on hard words, which certainly does seem a strategy for improving her speech; but the list also includes ' simplifying her phonological system by the use of consonant harmony or omission of consonants', which seems a strategy to help make herself unintelligible! There are a number of examples of a style which often emanates from speech therapists and which can only be described as sentimental, e.g. 'she is an unusually attractive little girl' (9), where little appeals to the maternal instinct but makes the scientific instinct cringe. But there are not too many examples of this
Polyhedral Modeling and Analysis of Memory Access Profiles

In this paper, we propose to model memory access profile information as loop nests exhibiting useful characteristics on the memory behavior, such as periodicity, linearly linked memory access patterns and repetitions. It is shown that static analysis methods as the polytope model approach can then apply onto the generated nested-loop representations. Moreover, the modeling loop nests can themselves be instrumented and run in order to generate further useful information that can also be modeled and analyzed.
Exploitation in Older Adults: Social Vulnerability and Personal Competence Factors

Clinicians are frequently called upon to determine whether an older adult is at undue risk of exploitation and, in particular, financial exploitation. However, there is currently no widely accepted clinical model for describing or explaining who will fall victim to exploitation in later life, and identification of vulnerable older people has been a somewhat onerous process. In this article, an overarching theoretical framework for conceptualizing such forms of vulnerability and its assessment in older adults is presented. Central to this framework are various personal competence factors (i.e., intelligence, cognitive functioning, social intelligence, social skill, personality traits, physical functioning) that purportedly contribute to, or protect against, exploitation. Recommendations and argument for a more holistic approach to assessing and educating potentially vulnerable older adults are presented, as well as directions for future research.
PERCEPTION AND INTELLIGIBILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF SPATIAL SYNTAX AND SPATIAL COGNITION

The purpose of this paper is to read the intelligibility of a place out of its cognitive maps drawn by the newcomers. In this study, which routes are initially perceived and depicted nonetheless, the relationship between these routes and their syntactic values in the present map are the base research issues. The intelligibility of the settlement is tried to capture from the newcomers’ newly formed cognition and its reflection on the maps. Atakoy Phase 2, a mass housing area in Istanbul, was analyzed in this case. After 25 students, completely unfamiliar with the place, had been given extensive information; they were brought to the area for an excursion taking a day. Next, they were expected to draw cognitive maps of the layout. The maps derived from the students and the present map were analyzed and compared by their syntactic values. As a result of the evaluation of the data, the most depicted five ways in cognitive maps are found to be the most used ways and the most integrated axes in the axial map of the present map. This uniformity supports that there is an emphatic relationship between the intelligibility of spatial configuration and spatial cognition.
An M-sequence reflection measurement system

For the realization of an m-sequence-based reflec-tometer, a correlator performing a pulse compression is necessary in order to determine the impulse response function (IRF) of a device under test (DUT). Using a hardware correlator, a time delayed version of the m-sequence transmit signal is required. In this contribution, a concept for the generation of two m-sequences with a fast and precisely adjustable time lag between them is presented. Programmable linear feedback shift registers (LFSRs) are used for generating the m-sequences. The desired time lag is realized by using different initial states of the LFSRs. To guarantee that the time lag is set within one clock period, a select pulse generator (SPG) has been designed and implemented into the system. The concept has been validated by means of measurements using a realized demonstrator setup. According results show the fast time lag adjustment. Furthermore, reflection measurements have been performed with different coupler architectures and a coaxial cable with a length of 20m. Results obtained with two different couplers are compared regarding the achievable dynamic range.
VI. Power between Women in Organizations

Like many others at the time, I believed in the sisterhood, and the sharing of power between women. Power in the patriarchal world produced subordination, injustice, corruption. But feminists, with our clear ideals and political analysis, could and would do things differently. I worked in a large bureaucracy. But I was sufficiently senior to have been part of the selection of several new staff, all feminists with whom I hoped to develop a new applied research and training centre. We agreed to abide by collective principles as far as possible. Within the bureaucracy I was senior, with secure tenure, and reasonably well paid. Sonya was next in seniority, but she was on a contract. I respected her and we became good friends. Her partner, Barbara, was appointed manager of the project, also on a contract. Two other women also became involved in the project. We were all well-qualified professionals. A male, more senior than all of us, was technically ‘director’, but agreed to allow us to manage the project in our own way. We structured the decision-making processes of the group to ensure a reasonably equal distribution of power. I relinquished the right of control. Within a few months, we were seriously off the rails. The things we agreed to do were not being done. The two project managers did not, as I expected, obtain and manage outside contracts, but seemed more intent on managing the rest of us. We spent a great deal of time discussing appropriate courses of action. We were running out of funds. When I tried to object, there was little response. I felt myself being marginalized. The matter came to a head when the group issued a ‘prospectus’ which I felt trivialized my skills. I protested and Barbara went into heavy defence mode. I became very angry and informed her that I felt I could no longer work with her. When she pursued me, I said that I was so angry I would
Mating response and construction of heterothallic strains of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces octosporus

Abstract The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces octosporus is one of four species in the genus Schizosaccharomyces. Recently released genome sequence data provide useful information for comparative studies. However, Sz. octosporus has not yet been genetically characterized because there have been no heterothallic strains of this species. Here we report the construction of stable heterothallic strains of Sz. octosporus for genetic crosses. First, we continuously observed the mating process of a homothallic strain, yFS286, and determined the mating frequency of Sz. octosporus on various sporulation media. It showed, on average, 30% zygote formation on mating, and a higher frequency of zygotes (43.8 ± 4.7%) on PMG medium. Regardless of sporulation, the number of spores within an ascus was variable. Schizosaccharomyces octosporus forms eight‐spored asci, but preferentially produced four‐spored asci on MEA or YMoA medium. To obtain heterothallic strains essential for genetic analyses, we isolated spontaneous mutants showing heterothallic‐like phenotypes. We also constructed stable heterothallic strains by deleting the silent mat region. As a result, we established the following heterothallic strains, TS162 as h+ and TS150/TS161 as h−, which successfully mated with each other. These genetic tools will be useful for yeast genetics such as molecular cloning, gene complementation tests and tetrad (octad) analysis.
In Vitro Characterization of Human Cytomegalovirus-Targeting Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies LJP538 and LJP539

ABSTRACT Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is usually benign in healthy individuals but can cause life-threatening disease in those with compromised immune systems. Approved drugs available to treat HCMV disease, including ganciclovir, cidofovir, and foscarnet, have significant toxicities that limit their use in certain patient populations. LJP538 and LJP539 are human monoclonal antibodies that are being evaluated as immunoglobulin therapeutics. The antibodies target glycoproteins gB and the gH/gL/UL128/UL130/UL131a pentameric complex, respectively. Here we present an in vitro characterization of these antibodies. We show that LJP538 and LJP539 are more potent than a marketed immunoglobulin at inhibiting HCMV infection of various cell lines relevant to pathogenesis. We find that LJP538 and LJP539 are active against a panel of clinical isolates in vitro and demonstrate minor-to-moderate synergy in combination. Passage of HCMV in the presence of LJP538 or LJP539 alone resulted in resistance-associated mutations that mapped to the target genes. However, no loss of susceptibility to the combination of antibodies was observed for >400 days in culture. Finally, the binding regions of LJP538 and LJP539 are conserved among clinical isolates. Taken together, these data support the use of LJP538 and LJP539 in combination for clinical trials in HCMV patients.
Application of the Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior to Exercise Behavior: A Meta-Analysis

The primary purpose of this study was to use meta-analysis to statistically examine the utility of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) for the explanation and prediction of exercise behavior. The results showed that the effect size for the relationships (a) between intention and exercise behavior, attitude and intention, attitude and exercise behavior, perceived behavioral control and intention, and perceived behavioral control and exercise behavior was large; (b) between subjective norm and intention was moderate; and (c) between subjective norm and exercise behavior was zero-order. The results also supported the conclusions that (a) TPB is superior to TRA in accounting for exercise behavior, (b) there is no differences in the ability to predict exercise behavior from proximal and distal measures of intention, and (c) expectation is a better predictor of exercise behavior than intention.
‘IT'S TIME IT ENDED AND YET I HESITATE, I HESITATE TO END IT’: THE EMOTIONAL WORLD OF AN OLD PEOPLE'S HOME

Institutionalized responses to human care have been prone to developing unhelpful practices. Inquiries into malpractice often generate recommendations focusing on improving protocols or procedures, while neglecting the emotional experiences of both clients and staff. In this study, we aimed to address why and how complex and challenging emotions enter into care work. We explored the emotional world of a residential home for older people, using a psychosocial observational approach based on the Tavistock method. We have presented four themes: attacking–defending, living–dying, paralysis–movement and emptiness–fullness, which illustrate the complex existential challenges faced both by residents and staff in such a context. Our observations revealed how a range of defensive processes operated to protect the observer from experiencing painful feelings and emotions. Throughout the observation period an increasingly complex understanding developed of the emotional life of the home. This process was made possible by reflective supervision sessions. Our findings generate implications for the type of support that may be needed by care staff in such environments.
Comparison of extended release GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy versus sitagliptin in the management of type 2 diabetes

Exenatide once weekly (EQW), the first glucose-lowering agent for type 2 diabetes that is dosed one time per week, contains exenatide encapsulated in microspheres of a dissolvable matrix, which release active agent slowly and continuously into the circulation following subcutaneous injection. In two direct head-to-head comparisons, EQW resulted in better long-term glucose control, greater reductions in fasting plasma glucose, and more significant weight loss than sitagliptin. In other trials, glucose-lowering effects of EQW compared favorably with those of metformin, pioglitazone, and basal insulin. Patients on EQW exhibited a higher incidence of nausea than those on sitagliptin, although gastrointestinal adverse events occurred primarily during the first 6–8 weeks of therapy and declined thereafter. EQW was also associated with a lower incidence of nausea than two other glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, exenatide twice daily and liraglutide. Mild hypoglycemic episodes were uncommon with EQW, although risk of hypoglycemia increased in combination with sulfonylureas. When choosing between EQW and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, such as sitagliptin, clinicians and patients should consider the differences between the two medications in terms of glucose control (EQW superior to DPP-4 inhibitors), weight control (EQW superior to DPP-4 inhibitors), gastrointestinal tolerability during treatment initiation (EQW inferior to DPP-4 inhibitors), and mode of administration (once-weekly subcutaneous administration versus once-daily oral administration).
The social creation of nature

One reason for our failure to "save the earth," argues Neil Evernden, is our disagreement about what "nature" really is-how it works, what constitutes a risk to it, and even whether we ourselves are part of it. Nature is as much a social entity as a physical one. In addition to the physical resources to be harnessed and transformed, it consists of a domain of norms that may be called upon in defense of certain social ideals. In exploring the consequences of conventional understandings of nature, The Social Creation of Nature also seeks a way around the limitations of a socially created nature in order to defend what is actually imperiled-"wildness," in which, Thoreau wrote, lies hope for "the preservation of the world. "
Speech recognition using the probabilistic neural network

A novel technique for speaker independent automated speech recognition is proposed. We take a segment model approach to Automated Speech Recognition (ASR), considering the trajectory of an utterance in vector space, then classify using a modified Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) and maximum likelihood rule. The system performs favourably with established techniques. Our system achieves in excess of 94% with isolated digit recognition, 88% with isolated alphabetic letters, and 83% with the confusable /e/ set. A favourable compromise between recognition accuracy and computer memory and speech can also be reached by performing clustering on the training data for the PNN
Self-Reported Comprehension Ratings of Dog Behavior by Puppy Owners

ABSTRACT Dogs show a range of behaviors that reflect their emotional state. It is important that dog owners recognize these behaviors to accurately assess their dog's emotional state. We examined dog owners' self-reported comprehension (SRC) of their dog's emotional state. Eighty-nine participants attending puppy socialization classes at local veterinary clinics in the Melbourne Metropolitan area, Victoria, Australia, rated their comprehension of their dog's emotional states (Happy, Sad, Anxious, Angry, Friendly Greeting, and Anxious Greeting) and listed the behaviors they used to judge the emotional state of their dog. In most cases (Anxious Greeting being the only exception), the owners' perceived comprehension of their dog's emotional state was not closely related to the number of behaviors they reported. The reported behaviors were mostly restricted to vocalizations and gross body movements. There was also no relationship between SRC and dog morphology. There were relationships between SRC and the age and gender of the participant, and previous puppy ownership. It was concluded that most dog owners report having a good understanding of the emotional state of their dogs, when they seem to have low appreciation of the signals that dogs send in the earlier stages of emotional arousal. An approach to lowering dog owners' perception of their comprehension of dog behavior, which may increase their willingness to seek education on dog behavior, and increase the efficacy of the education, is suggested.