Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Le péché de « nivellement » dans la traduction littéraire

Un texte d’auteur s’ecarte par definition de la norme langagiere et acquiert un certain « relief litteraire ». Un des dangers qui guette le traducteur non averti est le nivellement de ce relief complexe. Un autre danger est la recreation reductrice, c’est-a-dire reduite a une prise de sens individuelle et a une reecriture soucieuse d’adaptation et donc mutilante. Le texte d’auteur est polysemique et son nivellement peut se produire a plusieurs niveaux : lexical et stylistique, culturel, et ideel. Le traducteur litteraire de bon aloi devrait donc se liberer du carcan de la langue d’arrivee et la traiter comme un organe vivant, susceptible d’accueillir l’Autre de l’auteur, et l’Autre de la culture source.
Modeling and Monitoring Biomedical Time Series

Abstract A framework for modeling and monitoring medical time series is developed, based on extensions to the linear dynamic model. The approach is designed to provide for on-line, recursive updating and inference for time series that are subject to several forms of potential discontinuous change, and that may have missing values. The models and methods introduced are illustrated with three biomedical series.
Magnetic field and radiative transfer modelling of a quiescent prominence

Aims. The aim of this work is to analyse the multi-instrument observations of the June 22, 2010 prominence to study its structure in detail, including the prominence-corona transition region and the dark bubble located below the prominence body. Methods. We combined results of the 3D magnetic field modelling with 2D prominence fine structure radiative transfer models to fully exploit the available observations. Results. The 3D linear force-free field model with the unsheared bipole reproduces the morphology of the analysed prominence reasonably well, thus providing useful information about its magnetic field configuration and the location of the magnetic dips. The 2D models of the prominence fine structures provide a good representation of the local plasma configuration in the region dominated by the quasi-vertical threads. However, the low observed Lyman-α central intensities and the morphology of the analysed prominence suggest that its upper central part is not directly illuminated from the solar surface. Conclusions. This multi-disciplinary prominence study allows us to argue that a large part of the prominence-corona transition region plasma can be located inside the magnetic dips in small-scale features that surround the cool prominence material located in the dip centre. We also argue that the dark prominence bubbles can be formed because of perturbations of the prominence magnetic field by parasitic bipoles, causing them to be devoid of the magnetic dips. Magnetic dips, however, form thin layers that surround these bubbles, which might explain the occurrence of the cool prominence material in the lines of sight intersecting the prominence bubbles.
Effect of Latitudinal Variations in Low-Level Baroclinicity on Eddy Life Cycles and Upper-Tropospheric Wave-Breaking Processes

Abstract An analysis of the potential vorticity gradient and the refractive index in quasigeostrophic (QG) flows on the sphere reveals that the absolute vorticity and the stretching parts have two contradictory effects on the horizontal shape of the baroclinic waves when the full variations of the Coriolis parameter are taken into account in each term. The absolute vorticity effect favors the anticyclonic (southwest–northeast) tilt and anticyclonic wave breaking (AWB) and is stronger in the upper troposphere. In contrast, the stretching effect promotes the cyclonic (northwest–southeast) tilt and cyclonic wave breaking (CWB) and is more efficient at lower levels. A positive eddy feedback acting on the latitudinal variations of the zonal winds is deduced. Because the absolute vorticity and the stretching effects are respectively more and less efficient with increasing latitude, a more northward (southward) jet renders AWB more (less) probable and CWB less (more) probable; the jet is pushed or maintained mor.
Bilateral comparison of primary low-gas-flow standards between the BNM-LNE and METAS

In order to evaluate the concordance of two primary low-gas-flow standards based on completely different principles with different traceability to the International System of Units (SI), the Laboratoire National d'Essais (BNM-LNE, France) and the Swiss Federal Office of Metrology and Accreditation (METAS, Switzerland) carried out a bilateral comparison. The two measuring principles - dynamic gravimetry at the BNM-LNE and dynamic volumetry at METAS - were compared by means of a commercial transfer standard molbox/molbloc with flows of nitrogen in the range from 3 ml/min to 10 l/min at 0 °C and 101.325 kPa (3.75 mg/min to 12.5 g/min). The measurement results show relative differences between the two primary standards of less than ±0.1 % for flows in the range 10 ml/min to 10 l/min.
Point and Interval Estimations of Marginal Risk Difference by Logistic Model

We use logistic model to get point and interval estimates of the marginal risk difference in observational studies and randomized trials with dichotomous outcome. We prove that the maximum likelihood estimate of the marginal risk difference is unbiased for finite sample and highly robust to the effects of dispersing covariates. We use approximate normal distribution of the maximum likelihood estimates of the logistic model parameters to get approximate distribution of the maximum likelihood estimate of the marginal risk difference and then the interval estimate of the marginal risk difference. We illustrate application of the method by a real medical example.
Relativistic motion in gamma-ray bursts

Three fundamental problems beset models of γ-ray bursts : the energy source ; the ability of high-energy photons to escape the radiation region ; and the comparative weakness of X-ray emission. Relativistic bulk motion of the γ-ray-emitting plasma is a natural solution to all three problems. Its effect can be concisely summarized in terms of three parameters : α, the power-law index of the high-energy photon number spectrum ; γ, the Lorentz factor of the bulk flow ; and δ = 1/[γ(1-βμ * )], where μ * is the cosine of our viewing angle with respect to the direction of the flow.
Effectiveness of “Thin-Layer” and “Effective Medium” Approximations in Numerical Simulation of Dielectric Spectra of Biological Cell Suspensions

There are a few concerns in dielectric modeling of biological cells by the finite-element method (FEM) to simulate their dielectric spectra. Cells possess thin plasma membranes and membrane-bound intracellular organelles, requiring extra fine meshes and considerable computational tasks in the simulation. To solve the problems, the “thin-layer” approximation (TLA) and the “effective medium” approximation (EMA) were adopted. TLA deals with the membrane as an interface of the specific membrane impedance, and therefore it is not necessary to divide the membrane region. EMA regards the composite cytoplasm as an effective homogeneous phase whose dielectric properties are calculated separately. It was proved that TLA and EMA were both useful for greatly reducing computational tasks while accurately coinciding with analytical solutions.
Effect of Poling Time on Piezoelectric Properties of 0-3 PZT-Portland Cement Composites

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-Portland cement (PC) composites were produced and the effect of poling time on the piezoelectric properties such as piezoelectric coefficient (d33) and electromechanical coupling coefficient (Kt) of 0–3 connectivity PZT-Portland cement (PC) composites were investigated. PZT-PC composites were produced using PZT of 60% by volume and the poling time of 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes were used. The results showed that when using the poling time at 45 minutes, the d33 and Kt values were found to be highest at 28 pC/N and 19.87%, respectively.
Design and Implement of AIOps System Based on Knowledge Graph

AIOps (Artificial Intelligence for IT Operations) has emerged as a powerful solution to tackle the challenges involved in operating and maintaining complex microservice systems. Inspired by AIOps, this study proposes a novel approach that leverages a knowledge graph to construct an intelligent operation and maintenance (O&M) system. We first construct a knowledge graph called OpsKG, and then realize a series of functions based on OpsKG in the O&M system, including alarm query, root-cause analysis and location, and alarm prediction. With practical application, the proposed O&M system demonstrates a satisfactory performance, significantly reducing the burden of O&M and improving the efficiency of O&M personnel.
Engineering the second harmonic generation pattern from coupled gold nanowires

We numerically investigated second harmonic generation from systems composed of two coupled gold nanowires. The developed method allows one to arbitrarily change the shape of the wire cross section in order to explore the generated and scattered field patterns. Our results suggest that the overall second harmonic generation is related to the electromagnetic energy per unit length stored in the gap area between the wires. These geometrical considerations make further optimization possible. As an example we discuss the possibility to select dipolar emission and/or quadrupolar emission patterns. The selection mechanism responsible for this kind of emission can be traced back to the interaction between nonlinear sources with the surface plasmon resonance of the metallic wires.
Calculating the Fundamental Solution to Linear Convection-Diffusion Problems

In this work we develop methods for calculating the fundamental solution for a wide range of linear convection-diffusion problems. One method is used directly on the differential equation while for the other we first cast the problem as a singular integro-differential equation, and then solve it analytically.The main advantage of our methods is that unlike conventional numerical methods, they overcome the singularity in the solution analytically and calculate the regular factor of the solution. We show the associated heat polynomials as the natural functions to use for these problems. The methods presented do not take account of boundary conditions at finite distances from the source, but corrections due to specific boundaries are easily computed numerically, being a smooth problem.
Sufficient Optimality Conditions for Optimal Control Subject to State Constraints

Strong second-order sufficient optimality conditions (SSC) are derived for optimal control problems of systems described by nonlinear ODEs subject to mixed control-state and pure state constraints. The obtained SSC are expressed in terms of a modified Legendre--Clebsch condition and the associated Riccati equation. The role of SSC in stability analysis of solutions to parametric optimal control problems is briefly discussed.
Doppler imaging of stellar surface structure XVII. The solar-type Pleiades star HII 314 = V1038 Tauri

We present the rst Doppler image of a solar-type G dwarf in the Pleiades open cluster. As such, the star represents the Sun at an age of approximately 100 Myr and could be an important target for further progress in magnetic-braking and angular-momentum-transport theories. Our image reconstructions were done from a full spectrum inversion with a total of 38 spectral lines but we also present single-line inversions using the prominent Li i 6707- Al ine and the nearby Cai 6717- A line. The maps reveal cool spots at or near the pole and within the equatorial regions, in contradiction to our predictions from flux-tube modelling that only medium-latitude spots should be seen. The maps also show several warm spots near the equatorial regions but their reality needs to be conrmed. A polar spot is recovered but likely consists of several smaller spots at very high latitudes touching the visible pole instead of a big cap-like spot as seen on some RS CVn binaries.
Relationship among orthogonal subspace projection, constrained energy minimization and RX-algorithm

Orthogonal Subspace Projection (OSP) has been shown a successful technique for hyperspectral image analysis. It requires a linear mixture model with complete target knowledge to perform sub-pixel detection and mixed classification. Constrained energy minimization (CEM) has been also shown to be effective in sub-pixel detection and mixed pixel classification which only needs the knowledge of targets of interest. RX-algorithm which has been widely used for anomaly detection in signal processing does not require any prior target information. Interestingly, these three techniques are closely related from an aspect of information being used in these three techniques. They all perform some sort of matched filter with different levels of information used in the filter. This paper investigates and explores their relationship that sheds light on their algorithm design.
The piecewise full decoupling method for dynamic problems

The piecewise full decoupling method is a new developed numerical procedure of explicit integration based on piecing together local linear solutions. The method is applied for solving piecewise linear dynamic systems under periodic excitations. Close agreement is found between obtained results and published findings of a harmonic balance method and a finite element method in time domain.
Generalized Linear Factor Models: A New Local EM Estimation Algorithm

In this article, a general approach to latent variable models based on an underlying generalized linear model (GLM) with factor analysis observation process is introduced. We call these models Generalized Linear Factor Models (GLFM). The observations are produced from a general model framework that involves observed and latent variables that are assumed to be distributed in the exponential family. More specifically, we concentrate on situations where the observed variables are both discretely measured (e.g., binomial, Poisson) and continuously distributed (e.g., gamma). The common latent factors are assumed to be independent with a standard multivariate normal distribution. Practical details of training such models with a new local expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, which can be considered as a generalized EM-type algorithm, are also discussed. In conjunction with an approximated version of the Fisher score algorithm (FSA), we show how to calculate maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters, and to yield inferences about the unobservable path of the common factors. The methodology is illustrated by an extensive Monte Carlo simulation study and the results show promising performance.
Saturation effects in resonant three-photon ionisation of sodium with a non-monochromatic field

Presents an experimental and theoretical analysis of two-photon-resonant three-photon ionisation of Na. The transition 3S to to 4D to e- is studied. The theoretical analysis takes into account saturation effects, the finite laser bandwidth and the expansion of the active interaction volume with laser intensity. Good agreement is obtained between theory and experiment.
Quark sea and quantum chromodynamics

Employing a quantum-chromodynamic framework, we study the existence of quark-antiquark pairs, in addition to the usual valence quarks, within the rest frame of baryons. The structure of such a quark sea is discussed and an estimate of its strength is made using the MIT bag model. A significant amount of sea is found, and its effect on calculated properties of hadrons is 20--30%.
Robust adaptive control of a robotic manipulator including motor dynamics

An adaptive nonlinear control law that incorporates the manipulator dynamics as well as dynamics of the actuator is developed in this article. The proposed adaptive robust tracking controller requires position measurements only. The controller consists of two parts: a linear observer that generates an estimated error from the error on the joint position, together with a linear feedback controller that utilizes the estimated states. The second part is an adaptive controller that utilizes the feedback states from the linear observer to generate a control effort that takes into consideration the dynamic parameters variation of the robot and actuator. The closed loop system is locally stable in the Lyapunov sense. Q 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Quasi-Static Model for Planar Compliant Parallel Mechanisms

In this paper, the mobility, the kinematic constraints, the pose of the end-effector, and the static constraints that lead to the kinematostatic model of a compliant parallel mechanism are introduced. A formulation is then provided for its instantaneous variation-the quasi-static model. This new model allows the calculation of the variation in the pose as a linear function of the motion of the actuators and the variation in the external loads through two new matrices: the compliant Jacobian matrix and the Cartesian compliance matrix that give a simple and meaningful formulation of the model of the mechanism. Finally, a simple application to a planar four-bar mechanism is presented to illustrate the use of this model and the new possibilities that it opens, notably the study of the kinematics for any range of applied load.
Modulation of photonic structures by surface acoustic waves

This paper reviews the interaction between coherently stimulated acoustic phonons in the form of surface acoustic waves with light beams in semiconductor based photonic structures. We address the generation of surface acoustic wave modes in these structures as well as the technological aspects related to control of the propagation and spatial distribution of the acoustic fields. The microscopic mechanisms responsible for the interaction between light and surface acoustic modes in different structures are then reviewed. Particular emphasis is given to the acousto-optical interaction in semiconductor microcavities and its application in photon control. These structures exhibit high optical modulation levels under acoustic excitation and are compatible with integrated light sources and detectors.
Geomagnetic Dp 2 fluctuations and associated magnetospheric phenomena

A DP 2 fluctuation has a time scale of about one hour and appears coherently all over the world. It differs from the polar substorm (DP 1) in that it is not caused by the activation of the auroral electrojet. Its current system consists of twin current vortices and a zonal part. It is associated with fluctuations in the magnetospheric plasma convection, and it will provide a useful means for the identification of the ‘viscous-like’ interaction mechanism.
Intrinsic chirp of single-cycle pulses

The Fourier transform-limited electromagnetic pulse has been regarded to be free of chirps for a long time. This is no longer true if the pulse duration goes down to or less than one optical cycle. We report the experimental observation of intrinsic chirps in such pulses with the sub-single-cycle terahertz (THz) waveforms obtained with a standard THz time-domain spectroscopy system. The results confirm the break down of the carrier-envelope (CE) expression for single-cycle optical pulses, and may influence the experimental measurements and theoretical modeling with single-cycle pulses.
THE HIGH-RESOLUTION CROSS-DISPERSED ECHELLE WHITE PUPIL SPECTROMETER OF THE MCDONALD OBSERVATORY 2.7-M TELESCOPE

A new high-resolution cross-dispersed echelle spectrometer has been installed at the coude focus of the McDonald Observatory 2.7-m telescope. Its primary goal was to simultaneously gather spectra over as much of the spectral range 3400A to 1 micron as practical, at a resolution R = lambda/delta-lambda ≃ 60,000 with signal-to-noise ratio of ~100 for stars down to magnitude 11, using 1-hour exposures. In the instrument as built, two exposures are all that are needed to cover the full range. Featuring a white-pupil design, fused silica prism ross disperser, and folded Schmidt camera with a Tektronix 2048 X 2048 CCD used at either of two foci, it has been in regularly-scheduled operation since April 1992. Design details and performance will be described.
Investigation of vestigial sideband carrier suppressed return-to-zero formats due to optical filtering in a 40-Gbit/s system

We experimentally investigate the influence of vestigial sideband (VSB) filtering in a 40-Gbit/s optical system. Two kinds of optical filters and different pseudorandom bit sequences (PRBS) are used in experiment. The results show that optical filter ramp and PRBS length will cause different impacts in a VSB carrier suppressed return-to-zero system.
A NANOFLARE HEATING MODEL AND COMPARISON WITH OBSERVATIONS

A nanoflare-heated coronal loop model is developed based on the model of Vekstein & Katsukawa. We performed numerical simulations based on the model, and then compared the results with the Yohkoh/Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) and Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) observations. We found that the most significant difference between hot (>2 MK) SXT loops and cool (∼1 MK) TRACE loops is the energy of nanoflares and the magnetic field strength. Energy of individual nanoflares is 1024–25 erg for SXT loops, and 1023 erg for TRACE loops. This is derived from the observed intensity fluctuations. To observed mean intensities, we require the model SXT loops to have a stronger magnetic field than the TRACE loops, 40 G and 8 G, respectively. The model predicts two characteristic properties of nanoflare-heated coronal loops: (1) the SXT and TRACE light curves of a coronal loop show weak cross-correlation with a lag time corresponding to the cooling timescale. (2) SXT loops have a smaller volumetric filling factor than TRACE loops. We consider that this difference in the filling factor makes SXT loops look more diffuse than TRACE loops.
Formation and Evolution of Contact Binaries

I describe a series of processes, including hierarchical fragmentation, gravitational scattering, Kozai cycles within triple systems, tidal friction and magnetic braking, that I believe are responsible for producing the modest but significant fraction of stars that are observed as contact binaries. I also discuss further processes, namely heat transport, mass transport, nuclear evolution, thermal relaxation oscillations, and further magnetic braking with tidal friction, that influence the evolution during contact. The endpoint, for contact, is that the two components merge into a single star, as recently was observed in the remarkable system V1309 Sco. The single star probably throws off some mass and rotates rapidly at first, and then slows by magnetic braking to become a rather inconspicuous but normal dwarf or subgiant. If however the contact binary was part of a triple system originally-as I suggested above was rather likely-then the result could be a binary with apparently non-coeval components. There are several such known.
Subpicosecond high-power mode locking using flared waveguide monolithic quantum-dot lasers

Ultrashort pulse, high-power mode locking is demonstrated in InGaAs quantum dot lasers using a flared waveguide laser incorporating a narrow waveguide sections acting as both a mode filter and saturable absorber. 24GHz mode locking with 780fs pulses and 500mW peak powers are demonstrated at an emissions wavelength of 1. 3μm.
SEGMENTED DOSE-RESPONSE MODELS FOR REPEATED MEASURES DATA

In a dose-response analysis, logit-transformed responses are modelled as a function of log-transformed doses. The linear trend is commonly observed. The comparison among treatment groups can be made based on the linear trend. An example in this paper came from a study to estimate the effect of aminophylline on dose-response curve of atracurium. Unlike the usual dose-response curve, this example has repeated measures and seems to have two slopes to which the usual dose-response model is not adequate to fit. We propose segmented regression models that allow two different slopes. The proposed model is an extension of the segmented regression model with a univariate response per subject. We illustrate the proposed model fits data better than the usual dose-response model.