Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health Belief Model and HIV/AIDS among high school female students in Yazd, Iran

cquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system. It is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which can be transmitted through direct contact of a mucous membrane or the bloodstream with a bodily fluid containing HIV.1-4 It is such a strange and frightening disease that sometimes people stop seeing it as a disease and wrap it in different layers of mystery.5 According to the latest figures published in the UNAIDS/WHO, AIDS Epidemic Update 2009, an estimated 33.4 million people were living with HIV in 2008.6 An important factor in the spread of HIV/AIDS is believed to be poor knowledge about how it is spread and how it can be prevented. The utility of the Health Belief Model (HBM) continues to be suggested in identifying preventive behaviors. This study is a cross-sectional study in which 180 female students from three high schools in Yazd, Iran, completed a specially designed questionnaire, based on HBM in spring 2009. Data showed that the mean score of perceived susceptibility was 21.19 (out of 32) and it was 12.47 (out of 24) for perceived severity. Also the mean scores of perceived benefits and barriers were 9.05 and 9.45 (out of 12 and 16, respectively). The respondents acquired 46.61% of total knowledge score, 66.21% of perceived susceptibility, 51.95% of perceived severity, 75.41% of perceived benefits and 59.06% of perceived barriers. A positive association found between knowledge and perceived susceptibility. Therefore, according to the results, the low level of perceived susceptibility to and severity of HIV/AIDS among high school female students may not prevent them from trying risky behaviors. The results of this study revealed that participants' mean scores of perceived severity of HIV/AIDS was near average. These results also reveal that the participants do not believe that they are in high risk of HIV/AIDS. Having such a belief, students do not try to prevent HIV/AIDS. In a factor analysis, principal components of the HBM constructs indicated that perceived susceptibility was multidimensional. So, sporadic condom users perceived themselves and their partners as at the highest risk of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases.7 In that study, prisoners decreased their HIV high-risk behaviors (e.g., used clean syringes) when they believed in the effectiveness of strategies designed to reduce the risk or in seriousness of their impact of the health condition. This does not mean that the other two components of the HBM are not effective in explaining health related behavior. There was a significant difference between mean scores of knowledge and perceived susceptibility and educational field of participants (p < 0.001). The negative significant correlation between perceived severity with knowledge and perceived susceptibility indicates that the students who have not perceived susceptibility to and severity of a health problem like HIV/AIDS may ignore preventing behaviors. Moreover, the Health Belief Model can be used as a conceptual framework in interventional programs for HIV/AIDS. A
Global Biodiversity Conservation Priorities

The location of and threats to biodiversity are distributed unevenly, so prioritization is essential to minimize biodiversity loss. To address this need, biodiversity conservation organizations have proposed nine templates of global priorities over the past decade. Here, we review the concepts, methods, results, impacts, and challenges of these prioritizations of conservation practice within the theoretical irreplaceability/vulnerability framework of systematic conservation planning. Most of the templates prioritize highly irreplaceable regions; some are reactive (prioritizing high vulnerability), and others are proactive (prioritizing low vulnerability). We hope this synthesis improves understanding of these prioritization approaches and that it results in more efficient allocation of geographically flexible conservation funding.
A Compiled 9-bit 20-MS/s 3.5-fJ/conv.step SAR ADC in 28-nm FDSOI for Bluetooth Low Energy Receivers

This paper presents a low-power 9-bit compiled successive-approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for Bluetooth low energy receivers. The ADC is compiled from a SPICE netlist, a technology rule file, and an object definition file into a design rule check and layout versus schematic clean layout and schematic in 28-nm FDSOI. The compiled SAR ADC reduces the design time necessary to port to a new technology, and to demonstrate technology porting the same SAR ADC architecture is compiled in 28-nm FDSOI with Input/Output (IO) transistors. This paper also includes a comparator clock generation loop that uses the bottom plate of the capacitive digital-to-analog converter. The proposed compiled core transistor SAR ADC achieves the state-of-the-art Figure of Merit (FoM) of 2.7 fJ/conv.step at 2 MS/s, and 3.5 fJ/conv.step at 20 MS/s with an area of 0.00312 mm2.
Unicentric Castleman's disease in the orbit: A case report

A 53-year-old man presented with a palpable mass on the left lower eyelid and occasional diplopia. Under suspicion of orbital lymphoma, an excisional biopsy was performed, and histopathology revealed Castleman's disease. Castleman's disease is a rare disorder of the lymphoid system, and only a few cases of Castleman's disease in the orbit have been reported.
Steady state bifurcations for phase field crystal equations with underlying two dimensional kernel

This paper is concerned with the study of some properties of stationary solutions to Phase Field Crystal Equations bifurcating from a trivial solution. It is assumed that at this trivial solution, the kernel of the underlying linearized operator has dimension two. By means of the multiparameter method, we give a second order approximation of these bifurcating solutions and analyse their stability properties. The main result states that the stability of these solutions can be described by the variation of a certain angle in a two dimensional parameter space. The behaviour of the parameter curve is also investigated.
A variable bit rate video codec for asynchronous transfer mode networks

The bandwidth flexibility offered by the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technique makes it possible to select picture quality and bandwidth over a wide range in a simple and straightforward manner. A prototype model of a video codec was developed that demonstrates the feasibility of both variable bit rate (VBR) coding and user-selectable picture quality. The VBR coding algorithm is discussed and it is shown how a stabilized quality is achieved and how this quality and associated bandwidth can be selected by the user. How error propagation is limited to reduce the visibility of cell losses is also discussed. Interfaces with the ATM network are analyzed, with emphasis on decoder synchronization and absorption of cell delay jitter. The VBR codec offers very good picture quality for videophony applications at an equivalent load of 5.9 Mb/s. Picture quality remains relatively constant, even for heavy motion. >
Stress development, heat production and dynamic modulus of rat isolated cardiac trabeculae revealed in a flow-through micro-mechano-calorimeter

Progress toward understanding the thermo-mechanical behavior of isolated cardiac muscle, excised from either healthy or diseased heart, is contingent on being able to measure simultaneously the stress (force per cross-sectional area) and heat production. Determination of dynamic modulus (dynamic stiffness times muscle length per cross-sectional area) sheds further light on the behavior of the force-and heat-generating actin-myosin cross-bridges. We are in a unique position to perform such measurements, given the recent completion of a micro-mechano-calorimeter. In this paper, we characterize the micro-mechano-calorimeter and present experimental results of twitch stress, heat per twitch and dynamic modulus measured in rat right-ventricular trabeculae at varied stimulus frequencies and muscle lengths. The minute radial dimensions of cardiac trabeculae (which approximate those of a human hair) ensure adequate provision of oxygen and nutrients via diffusion from the continuously replenished superfusate flowing through the measurement chamber. This enables investigation of the thermo-mechanical performance of cardiac trabeculae for many hours.
Spatial dependence of 2MASS luminosity and mass functions in the old open cluster NGC 188

Luminosity and mass functions in the old open cluster NGC 188 are analysed by means of J and H 2MASS pho- tometry, which provides uniformity and spatial coverage for a proper background subtraction. With an age of about 6-8 Gyr, NGC 188 is expected to be suffering the effects of advanced dynamical evolution. Indeed, previous works in optical bands have suggested the presence of mass segregation. Within the uncertainties, the observed projected radial density profile of NGC 188 departs from the two-parameter King model in two inner regions, which reflects the non-virialized dynamical state and possibly, some degree of non-sphericity in the spatial shape of this old open cluster. Fits with two and three-parameter King models to the radial distribution of stars resulted in a core radius Rcore = 1.3 ± 0.1 pc and a tidal radius Rtidal = 21 ± 4 pc, about twice as large as the visual limiting radius. The concentration parameter c = 1.2 ± 0.1 of NGC 188 makes this open cluster structurally comparable to the loose globular clusters. The present 2MASS analysis resulted in significant slope variations with distance in the mass function φ(m) ∝ m −(1+χ) , being flat in the central parts (χ = 0.6 ± 0.7) and steep in the cluster outskirts (χ = 7.2 ± 0.6). The overall mass function has a slope χ = 1.9 ± 0.7, slightly steeper than a standard Salpeter mass function. In this context, NGC 188 is similar to the 3.2 Gyr, dynamically evolved open cluster M 67. Solar metallicity Padova isochrone fits to the near- infrared colour-magnitude diagram of NGC 188 resulted in an age of 7.0 ± 1.0 Gyr. The best fit, obtained with the 7.1 Gyr isochrone, produced a distance modulus (m − M)0 = 11.1 ± 0.1, E(B − V) = 0.0, and a distance to the Sun d� = 1.66 ± 0.08 kpc. The observed stellar mass (in the range 0.98 M� −1.08 M� ) in NGC 188 is mobs = 380 ± 12 M� . A simple extrapolation of the observed overall mass function to stars with 0.08 Mresulted in a total present mass of mtot ∼ (1.8 ± 0.7) × 10 4 M� . O n the other hand, for a more realistic initial mass function which flattens in the low-mass range, the total mass in NGC 188 drops to mtot ∼ (3.8 ± 1.6) × 10 3 M� . Since mass-loss processes such as evaporation and tidal stripping have been occurring in this old open cluster for about 7 Gyr, the primordial mass in NGC 188 must have been significantly larger than ∼4 × 10 3 M� . W e also examined the consequences of the presence of unresolved binaries and concluded that, even if dominant in the CMD, binaries alone are not responsible for the flat central mass function, which supports the mass-segregation scenario.
Selection for Replicases in Protocells

We consider a world of nucleotide sequences and protocells. The sequences have the property of spontaneous self-replication. Some sequences - so-called replicases - have enzymatic activity in the sense of enhancing the replication rate of all (or almost all) sequences. In a well-mixed medium, natural selection would not favor such replicases because their presence equally benefits sequences with or without replicase activity. Here we show that protocells can select for replicases. We assume that sequences replicate within protocells and that protocells undergo spontaneous division. This leads to particular population structures which can augment the abundance of replicases. We explore various assumptions regarding replicase activity and protocell division. We calculate the error threshold that is compatible with selecting for replicases.
Tick-Borne Diseases in Turkey: A Review Based on One Health Perspective

The importance of tick-borne diseases is increasing all over the world, including Turkey. Global warming, environmental and ecological changes and the existence of suitable habitats increase the impact of ticks and result in frequent emergence or re-emergence of tick-borne diseases (TBDs) with zoonotic characteristics. In Turkey, almost 19 TBDs have been reported in animals and men, involving four protozoa (babesiosis, theileriosis, cytauxzoonosis, hepatozoonosis), one filarial nematode (acanthocheilonemasis), ten bacterial agents (anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, aegyptianellosis, tick-borne typhus, Candidatus Rickettsia vini, Lyme borreliosis, tick-borne relapsing fever [TBRF], tularaemia, bartonellosis, and hemoplasmosis), and four viral infections (tick-borne encephalitis [TBE], Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever [CCHF], louping-ill [LI], and lumpy skin disease [LSD]). The growing number of TBD cases, in particular the fatal viral epidemics in humans, have led to increased public awareness and concern against TBDs in recent years. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a new political concept, called the “One Health” initiative, which is especially relevant for developing strategies against tick infestations and TBD control in humans and animals. It would be beneficial for Turkey to adopt this new strategy and establish specific research and control programs in coordination with international organizations like WHO, the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) to combat TBDs based on the “One Health Initiative” concept. In this article, we review the occurrence of primary TBDs in man and animals in Turkey in light of the “One Health” perspective.
Accurate road damage classification based on real signal mother wavelet of acceleration signal

We propose a system called YKOB for road authorities to reduce road monitoring cost. It focuses on participatory sensing by cyclists wearing a smartphone. In this paper, we propose a method to classify road signal into three road conditions: positive step (PS), negative step (NS) and convex step (CS). In past studies, we tried to classify road signal with a feature-based algorithm. However accuracy is not sufficient, and it seems to be difficult to increase kinds of classifiable road conditions with this method. To resolve the problem, we develop a new road classification algorithm based on wavelet transform technique with Real-signal Mother Wavelet (RMW). We have developed two algorithms based on generalized and personalized RMW. 10 subjects participated to cycling experiments in the three road conditions. From the result, both algorithms were more accurate than feature-based algorithm.
Tractability in Incentive Contracting

This paper identifies a class of multiperiod agency problems in which the optimal contract is tractable (attainable in closed form). By modeling the noise before the action in each period, we force the contract to provide sufficient incentives state-by-state, rather than merely on average. This tightly constrains the set of admissible contracts and allows for a simple solution to the contracting problem. Our results continue to hold in continuous time, where noise and actions are simultaneous. We thus extend the tractable contracts of Holmstrom and Milgrom (1987) to settings that do not require exponential utility, a pecuniary cost of effort, Gaussian noise or continuous time. The contract's functional form is independent of the noise distribution. Moreover, if the cost of effort is pecuniary (multiplicative), the contract is linear (log-linear) in output and its slope is independent of the noise distribution, utility function and reservation utility. In a two-stage contracting game, the optimal target action depends on the costs and benefits of the environment, but is independent of the noise realization.
Patterns of abnormality in cVEMP, oVEMP, and caloric tests may provide topological information about vestibular impairment.

BACKGROUND The cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) is recorded from the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) and represents a stimulus-evoked attenuation of electromyographic (EMG) activity following activation of the saccule and inferior vestibular nerve. In addition to the cVEMP, it is possible to record a biphasic response from the infraorbital region following stimulation that is identical to that used to record the cVEMP. This response is known as the ocular VEMP (oVEMP). The peripheral vestibular origins of the oVEMP elicited with air conduction remain controversial as some investigators argue the response originates from the saccule and others argue that the response emanates from the utricle. We review several lines of evidence and present several case studies supporting the contention that the oVEMP to air conduction stimulation derives its peripheral origins predominantly from the utricle and superior vestibular nerve. PURPOSE To review the current evidence regarding the peripheral origins of the oVEMP. Further, a purpose of this report is to present case studies illustrating that the cVEMP and oVEMP to air conduction stimulation may vary independently of one another in patients with peripheral vestibular system impairments. RESEARCH DESIGN A collection of case studies illustrating three common patterns of abnormality observed in patients complaining of vertigo seen in a tertiary care referral center. STUDY SAMPLE Retrospective analysis of data from three patients complaining of dizziness and/or vertigo who have undergone vestibular function tests. RESULTS Each case report illustrates a different pattern of abnormality of caloric, cVEMP, and oVEMP tests results from three patients with a vestibular nerve section, superior vestibular neuritis, and Ménière's disease, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that the cVEMP and oVEMP can vary independent of one another, and in that way, provide topological information about the sites of impairment. We feel that, with caloric, oVEMP, and cVEMP tests, it is possible to augment the diagnostic information we are able to provide regarding the location, or locations, of vestibular system impairment. These findings suggest that air conduction oVEMPs measure a part of the peripheral vestibular system different from that measured by cVEMPs, perhaps the utricle, and similar to that measured by caloric testing, the superior portion of the vestibular nerve.
Optical vortex phase determination for nanoscale imaging

In this research we develop a principle of optical vortex phase analysis and its application to surface imaging with high accuracy measurements in nanoscale range. Two-coordinate scanning of the sample allow to retrieve an information about shape and roughness for optically transparent and reflecting surfaces exceeding optical diffraction limit. The interference between singular beam and reference wave, in general, carrying optical vortex with single or doubled topological charge allow to extract the data about phase delay caused by surface features or refraction. This method is also applicable for non-destructive testing of biological structures and live cells in real-time regime. Automatic processing of vortex interferograms allow to achieve a vertical and longitudinal resolution down to 1,75 nm and 7 nm respectively for visible light sources.
Pattern-Generating Role for Motoneurons in a Rhythmically Active Neuronal Network

The role of motoneurons in central motor pattern generation was investigated in the feeding system of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, an important invertebrate model of behavioral rhythm generation. The neuronal network responsible for the three-phase feeding motor program (fictive feeding) has been characterized extensively and divided into populations of central pattern generator (CPG) interneurons, modulatory interneurons, and motoneurons. A previous model of the feeding system considered that the motoneurons were passive followers of CPG interneuronal activity. Here we present new, detailed physiological evidence that motoneurons that innervate the musculature of the feeding apparatus have significant electrotonic motoneuron→interneuron connections, mainly confined to cells active in the same phase of the feeding cycle (protraction, rasp, or swallow). This suggested that the motoneurons participate in rhythm generation. This was assessed by manipulating firing activity in the motoneurons during maintained fictive feeding rhythms. Experiments showed that motoneurons contribute to the maintenance and phase setting of the feeding rhythm and provide an efficient system for phase-locking muscle activity with central neural activity. These data indicate that the distinction between motoneurons and interneurons in a complex CNS network like that involved in snail feeding is no longer justified and that both cell types are important in motor pattern generation. This is a distributed type of organization likely to be a general characteristic of CNS circuitries that produce rhythmic motor behavior.
SUPPLEMENTARY : SFSSClass: An integrated approach for miRNA based tumor classification

Machine Intelligence Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA 4MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Functional dissociation of the left and right fusiform gyrus in self‐face recognition

It is well known that the fusiform gyrus is engaged in face perception, such as the processes of face familiarity and identity. However, the functional role of the fusiform gyrus in face processing related to high‐level social cognition remains unclear. The current study assessed the functional role of individually defined fusiform face area (FFA) in the processing of self‐face physical properties and self‐face identity. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to monitor neural responses to rapidly presented face stimuli drawn from morph continua between self‐face (Morph 100%) and a gender‐matched friend's face (Morph 0%) in a face recognition task. Contrasting Morph 100% versus Morph 60% that differed in self‐face physical properties but were both recognized as the self uncovered neural activity sensitive to self‐face physical properties in the left FFA. Contrasting Morphs 50% that were recognized as the self versus a friend on different trials revealed neural modulations associated with self‐face identity in the right FFA. Moreover, the right FFA activity correlated with the frequency of recognizing Morphs 50% as the self. Our results provide evidence for functional dissociations of the left and right FFAs in the representations of self‐face physical properties and self‐face identity. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2255–2267, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.