Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Manganese abundances in mercury‐‐manganese stars

We use exact curve-of-growth analysis and spectral synthesis to deduce the abundance of Mn from high signal-to-noise ratio visible-region echelle spectra of selected Mn i and Mn ii lines in 24 HgMn stars. The results are compared with the Mn abundances derived from UV resonance lines by Smith & Dworetsky. We ®nd excellent agreement for several unblended Mn lines and con®rm the temperature dependence of the Mn abundance found by Smith & Dworetsky. The Mn ii lines at ll4206 and 4326 are much stronger than one would predict from the mean Mn abundances. The lack of agreement is greatest for stars with the strongest Mn ii lines. Using ad hoc multicomponent ®ts to the pro®les of sharp-lined stars, we show that most of the discrepancies can be explained by hyper®ne structure that desaturates the lines, with full widths of the order of 0.06±0.09 AÊ .
Draft Leaf mass area predicts palisade structural properties linked to mesophyll conductance in balsam poplar ( Populus balsamifera L . )

Modifications to leaf structural components that drive variation in leaf mass per area (LMA) may substantially impact leaf physiology by changing how easily CO2 diffuses through intercellular air space to carboxylation sites in mesophyll tissues. Mesophyll conductance (gm) is inversely proportional to the total pathway length for CO2, including the structural resistances encountered. In balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera), gm increases with latitude, paralleled by an increase in LMA. We investigated a P. balsamifera family (K4×C) with high variation in LMA for different characteristics (tissues, nitrogen content, ultrastructural attributes). We interpreted trait variability using a developmental scale quantified by the Leaf Plastochron Index (LPI). Developmental age significantly affected LMA, but those effects were lost at LPI≥6. We outlined contributions of anatomical components to LMA and found palisade mesophyll properties were the primary drivers of variation in LMA within mature leaves (LPI≥6). Using anatomical data, we derived components corresponding to structural resistances for gm. Perimeters of palisade cells and surface area of palisade exposed to intercellular air space, which may strongly influence CO2 diffusion, were correlated to LMA. Variation in LMA is positively related to differences in structural features expected to increase the conductance to CO2 diffusion within palisade mesophyll.
AN EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT FEATURES VECTORS FOR RANSOMWARE DETECTION VIA MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUE

Ransomware is a high major danger program that may harm any company or person and cost them hundreds of billions. Its number growing rapidly across the years. As a result, creating a strong defense strategy against this crucial virus is required. Ransomware has grown in importance, and its consequences are becoming more severe. To solve the problem of effectively detecting ransomware, so this paper introduces a new technique to detect ransomware based on five machine learning techniques. To evaluate the proposed method, different evaluation metrics have been used. The approach was captured n-gram characteristics based on static analysis and used n-gram vector with CF-NCF values to build the models. Using real datasets, the proposed approach shows Its ability to reliably identify between goodware and ransomware files successfully with an accuracy of classification of equal to 98.33%.
Carbon-dioxide emissions management in Sub-Saharan Africa – the irrelevance of natural resource rent as a corrective policy tool

ABSTRACT This paper revisits the role of natural resource rent in explaining and regulating CO2 emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Three variants of CO2 emissions are considered: territorial CO2 emissions, consumption-based CO2 emissions, and CO2 emission intensity. Panel-corrected standard error and panel autoregressive distributed lag estimation methods were applied. Results show that natural resource rent has a positive effect on consumption-based CO2 emissions, and a negative effect on CO2 emission intensity, but has no effect on territorial CO2 emissions. The results show that while high resource rent in SSA appears to finance consumption of pollution-laden imported goods, it worsens neither territorial CO2 emissions nor CO2 emission intensity. Given that importation of dirty goods is an economic system failure which is not imputable to resource rent, it is safe to conclude that, resource rent does not contribute to rising CO2 emissions in SSA. Key Policy Highlights This paper examined the role of natural resource rent in explaining three variants of CO2 emissions; territorial CO2 emissions, consumption-based CO2 emissions, and CO2 emission intensity. Resource rent has a positive effect on consumption-based CO2 emissions, and a negative effect on CO2 emission intensity, but has no effect on territorial CO2 emissions. While high resource rent in SSA appears to finance consumption of pollution-laden goods, it worsens neither territorial CO2 emissions nor CO2 emission intensity. The relationship between resource rent and the three measures of CO2 emissions suggests that resource rent may not be an important contributor to rising CO2 emissions in SSA.
Foundations of Welfare Economics and Product Market Applications

A common problem in applied economics is to determine the impact on consumers of changes in prices and attributes of marketed products as a consequence of policy changes. Examples are prospective regulation of product safety and reliability, or retrospective compensation for harm from defective products or misrepresentation of product features. This paper reexamines the foundations of welfare analysis for these applications. We consider discrete product choice, and develop practical formulas that apply when discrete product demands are characterized by mixed multinomial logit models and policy changes affect hedonic attributes of products in addition to price. We show that for applications that are retrospective, or are prospective but compensating transfers are hypothetical rather than fulfilled, a Market Compensating Equivalent measure that updates Marshallian consumer surplus is more appropriate than Hicksian compensating or equivalent variations. We identify the welfare questions that can be answered in the presence of partial observability on the preferences of individual consumers. We examine the welfare calculus when the experienced-utility of consumers differs from the decision-utility that determines market demands, as the result of resolution of contingencies regarding attributes of products and interactions with consumer needs, or as the result of inconsistencies in tastes and incomplete optimizing behavior. We conclude with an illustrative application that calculates the welfare impacts of unauthorized sharing of consumer information by video streaming services.
Hypothesis Testing with Restricted Spectral Density Matrices, with an Application to Uncovered Interest Parity

This paper explores one technique for estimation and hypothesis testing in dynamic linear models. The method combines the analytics of moving average solutions to dynamic models, together with the computational advantages of the Whittle likelihood. As an application, the hypothesis of uncovered interest parity under rational expectations is represented in the form of cross-equation restrictions and tested using the technique. Copyright 1989 by Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association.
Quantification of turbulence properties in bubble plumes using vortex identification methods

Turbulencecharacteristics within bubble plumes are quantified in the laboratory using particle imagevelocimetry(PIV) data and postprocessing techniques to identify continuous phase vortices and their properties. Experiments are conducted using a single, high-speed Phantom camera (frame rate 250 Hz); images are preprocessed to eliminate signatures from the bubbles, resulting in high temporal and spatial resolution PIV data for the continuous phase only. The local swirl strength is used to identify vortices in the flow field. By combining the velocity fields and identified vortex maps, the vortex size probability distribution and the relationship of the vortex size, circulation and enstrophy with respect to the position in the plume are quantified. Results demonstrate that these quantities are self-similar when nondimensionalized by the plume radius and center line velocity. A direct relationship is also identified between vortex size and the corresponding average circulation and enstrophy. Modulation of the turbulent energy spectrum compared to a single-phase plume is noted and is attributed to the presence of the bubbles in the flow.Vortex size and energy density are greatest in the shear layers at the edge of the round plume, indicating that shear instability, and not bubble wakes, is the dominant process of large-scale turbulent and coherent structure generation in bubble plumes.
THE RECORD IN THE METEORITES. III. ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF METEORITES IN ASTEROIDAL BODIES

It was proposed that the meteorites originated in planetesinals of asteroidal dimensions, heated by some transient internal energy source, such as extinct radioactivity. The usual objections to an origin in small bodies were examined and were shown to be unfounded. It was shown that segregation of metal and silicate phases and mineral differentiation by crystal settling will take place on reasonable time scales even in small bodies. Evidence concerning the occurrence of diamonds in meteorites was critically examined and wse found to be inconsistent with an origin in large bodies. Instead, it was decided that diamonds were formed as a metastable phase by decomposition of cohenite (Fe/sub 3/ C) under localized stresses or else upon impact with the earth (as proposed by Nininger). A detailed study of the thermal evolution of interually heated planetesimals was undertaken with a view to discovering spontaneous processes that might have led to the development of the meteorites. After the onset of melting, the equilibrium configuration of the planetesimals will comprise an inner core of metal and an outer core of silicate; a mantle of chondritic composition, compacted by sintering; and more » an unconsolidated surface layer. The expected properties of material from each of these strata agree well with those of the known classes of meteorites. Further temperature rise in the planetesimal will result in quasi-volcanic eruptions due to evolution of gases and vapors (e.g., elemental sulfur, carbon monoxide, silicon monosulfide) from the interior. This quasi-volcanic activity will cause extensive recycling of material and can lead to the development of many detailed features of the meteorites. Evidence was presented to show that the capillary veins in stone meteorites were produced by momentary action of hot, sulfur-containing gases. This was in accord with the proposed model. Another consequence of the model is the operation of a cyclic process that will deplete the chondritic mantle in some chalcophile elements, such as In, Tl, Pb, and Bi. This may account for the discrepancies between the observed and predicted abundances of these elements in chondrites. Possible energy sources were critically examined. Only extinct radioactivity seems to meet all requirements. In order for this source to have been important, it is necessary for the parent bodies of the meteorites to have accreted within 6 to 7 million years after nucleogenesis, in which case 7.3 x 10/sup 5/ year Al/sup 26/ could have provided an adequate source of heat, or that an uncharacterized nuclide with a half life of 10/sup 6/ to 10/sup 8/ years exists and was present in the early solar system. (auth) « less
Simulations of coronal type III solar radio bursts: 3. Effects of beam and coronal parameters

[1] A recently developed simulation model is used to investigate the effects of varying the coronal and electron heating conditions on the dynamic spectra of coronal type III bursts (70–370 MHz) observed at Earth. The flux of 2fp emission is significantly higher than that of fp emission, which is unlikely to be observable except under very favorable propagation conditions. Moreover, the 2fp emission is unlikely to continue into the solar wind, although some bursts are very strong and will extend into the upper corona with lower frequencies than simulated, consistent qualitatively with observations. The flux and brightness temperature of 2fp emission are affected significantly by variations in the parameters, while the frequency drift rate and half-power duration are affected only weakly. Further, the simulations confirm the standard interpretation of the drift rate of 2fp emission in terms of the plasma density profile and a characteristic beam speed that agrees quantitatively with the simulated beam dynamics for wide ranges of coronal and heating conditions. For weak heating events or events with high coronal electron temperature, the remote radiation shows characteristics that agree quantitatively with microbursts. When the heating is even weaker and/or the electron temperature is even higher, the heating events are radio quiet, consistent qualitatively with hard X-ray observations. For similar heating originating in similar frequency ranges, different density models yield quantitatively similar results except for the drift rate. Variations of the levels of a given density profile, corresponding to background corona or coronal streamers, can also cause significant changes in spectral characteristics.
Sentiment Analysis Using Naive Bayes with Lexicon-Based Feature on TikTok Application

On TikTok application, there are several types of content in the form of education, cooking recipes, comedy, various tips, beauty, business, etc. However, some non-educational contents sometimes appear on TikTok homepage even though minors can access the app. As a result, TikTok application can inﬂuence the behavior of minors to be disgraceful, therefore, an assessment of the application can be one of the objects for conducting sentiment analysis. The purpose of this study is to compare the results of sentiment analysis on TikTok application using Naive Bayes with Lexicon-Based and without Lexicon-Based features. We used the TikTok reviews on Google Play Store as our data. According to the analysis, without Lexicon-Based feature, we obtained the accuracy rate, precision rate, and recall rate of 83%, 78%, and 69%, respectively. Meanwhile, the accuracy, precision, and recall rates using the Lexicon-Based feature were 85%, 91%, and 93%, respectively. Therefore, we concluded that sentiment analysis using Naive Bayes with Lexicon-Based feature was better than without Lexicon-Based feature on TikTok reviews.
Electrode shaping to achieve Gaussian ultrasonic field distribution

The electrode shape required to produce a Gaussian electric field distribution at the surface of a transducer was calculated. Such electrodes were made and tried with both quartz and PZT transducers with promising results. These transducers have an advantage over those made by taking advantage of electrical fringing [Breazeale et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 70, 1791–1793 (1981)] in that they do not have the limitation 2 < W/T < 4. Results of measurement of the ultrasonic field produced at 4 MHz by quartz and PZT are given, and application to NDE and acoustical microscopy is considered. [Research sponsored, in part, by UTORNL Science Alliance, A State of Tennessee Center of Excellence. PZT provided by S. Fujishima, Murata Corp.]
Distinctive Features of Phonemes and First Language Acquisition by a Normally Developing Child Without Hearing Impairment: Evidence from Slovak

Speech audiometry uses various types of perceptual tests for the diagnostics of hearing impairment. One of them is a matrix test (Akeroyd et al., 2015), originally prepared for adults, which fully respects the phonological rules of a language, including neutralizations of phonological oppositions based on distinctive features. The shorter version of this test, a so-called reduced matrix test, can be helpful in speech audiometry focusing on children and infants. The goal of our paper is to find out if distinctive features of phonemes are important in the process of first language acquisition. If yes, reduced matrix test aimed at children and infants can be created as a mere simplification of the matrix designed for adults (Panocová & Gregová, 2019). However, if distinctive features do not affect first language acquisition, completely new matrix has to be prepared for infants. The research was based on the longitudinal observation of two infants whose mother tongue is Slovak.
Formation and Coalescence of Electron Solitary Holes

Electron solitary holes were observed in a magnetized collisionless plasma. These holes were identified as Bernstein-Green-Kruskal equilibria, thus being purely kinetic phenomena. The electron hole does not damp even though its velocity is close to the electron thermal velocity. Two holes attract each other like particles of negative mass, and coalesce when their relative velocity is small.
Frequency band-gap measurement of two-dimensional air/silicon phononic crystals using layered slanted finger interdigital transducers

In this paper, we investigate the frequency band-gap features of micromachined air/silicon phononic band structures using layered slanted finger interdigital transducers (SFIT). In order to achieve the applications of phononic crystals on the microelectromechanical system related components, the frequency band-gap widths of surface waves are studied both theoretically and experimentally in micrometer scale phononic crystals. For further integration with the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor processing techniques, silicon is chosen as the base material of the two-dimensional phononic crystals in this study. To cover the frequency band-gap width of the phononic crystal, the wideband SFIT- and the SFIT∕ZnO∕Si-layered structures in the measurement are analyzed and discussed. For layered structures, the dispersive relation is calculated by the effective permittivity approach, and the frequency response of the layered SFIT is then simulated by the coupling-of-modes model. The frequency band-gap width and .
Relativistic communications effects associated with moving space antennas

Future space missions may require vehicles traveling at relativistic velocities. Consequently, relativistic effects will have to be considered in the development of future space communication systems. This paper presents a formulation of these relativistic communication effects which are not normally encountered by the designer. The gain function, power density available at the receiver and apparent frequency of the source can be greatly affected by the motion of the space craft antenna. In addition, the apparent direction of the space craft can be quite different from its actual direction for both the transmitting and receiving conditions. Formulations are presented by which these effects are described for an arbitrary antenna in terms of the antenna characteristics in its rest frame and the actual space craft location, a form that is convenient for the designer. In addition, numerical examples are shown to illustrate the magnitude of these relativistic effects.
Does the trust issue impact the intention to use e-wallet technology among students?

The current research goal is to examine the impact of trust on the intention to use e-wallet services. Using the technology acceptance model (TAM) the study investigated four variables which were privacy and security, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and trust for intention to use e-wallets. The study employed the quantitative research design with non-probability sampling using the purposive sampling method for data collection purposes. Through the Google survey form data were collected from the University of Malaya undergraduate students (N=150). The study applied the partial least square (PLS) tool using SmartPLS 3.0 to analyze the data. The outcome of the research found that all four variables had a positive significant connection to the intention to use e-wallet services. The results indicate that the service e-wallet is important among young generations because this electronic payment service is convenient to make payments as well as transactions from anywhere, besides increasing the e-wallet facilities among users, service providers should focus on users’ privacy and security.
An exact inversion formula for cone beam vector tomography

In this paper, we present an exact inversion formula for the cone beam transform of vector fields. This transform is the mathematical model for vector tomography with cone beam data. The cone beam data consist of line integrals of a vector field along rays which emanate from points on a given source trajectory. It is known that an exact reconstruction of the solenoidal part of the searched for vector field is possible if the trajectory satisfies the Tuy condition of order 3. We derive an inversion formula under the assumption that the source trajectory satisfies Tuy’s condition of order 3 and the vector field is smooth and compactly supported. This formula thus represents an analogue of the known inversion formulas for the scalar cone beam transform.
Linac-based positron source and generation of a high density positronium cloud for the GBAR experiment

The aim of the recently approved GBAR (Gravitational Behaviour of Antihydrogen at Rest) experiment is to measure the acceleration of neutral antihydrogen atoms in the gravitational field of the Earth. The experimental scheme requires a high density positronium cloud as a target for antiprotons, provided by the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) – Extra Low Energy Antiproton Ring (ELENA) facility at CERN. We introduce briefly the experimental scheme and present the ongoing efforts at IRFU CEA Saclay to develop the positron source and the positron-positronium converter, which are key parts of the experiment. We have constructed a slow positron source in Saclay, based on a low energy (4.3 MeV) linear electron accelerator (linac). By using an electron target made of tungsten and a stack of thin W meshes as positron moderator, we reached a slow positron intensity that is comparable with that of 22Na-based sources using a solid neon moderator. The source feeds positrons into a high field (5 T) Penning-Malmberg trap. Intense positron pulses from the trap will be converted to slow ortho-positronium (o-Ps) by a converter structure. Mesoporous silica films appear to date to be the best candidates as converter material. We discuss our studies to find the optimal pore configuration for the positron-positronium converter.