Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modular Skeletal Evolution in Sticklebacks Is Controlled by Additive and Clustered Quantitative Trait Loci

Understanding the genetic architecture of evolutionary change remains a long-standing goal in biology. In vertebrates, skeletal evolution has contributed greatly to adaptation in body form and function in response to changing ecological variables like diet and predation. Here we use genome-wide linkage mapping in threespine stickleback fish to investigate the genetic architecture of evolved changes in many armor and trophic traits. We identify >100 quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling the pattern of serially repeating skeletal elements, including gill rakers, teeth, branchial bones, jaws, median fin spines, and vertebrae. We use this large collection of QTL to address long-standing questions about the anatomical specificity, genetic dominance, and genomic clustering of loci controlling skeletal differences in evolving populations. We find that most QTL (76%) that influence serially repeating skeletal elements have anatomically regional effects. In addition, most QTL (71%) have at least partially additive effects, regardless of whether the QTL controls evolved loss or gain of skeletal elements. Finally, many QTL with high LOD scores cluster on chromosomes 4, 20, and 21. These results identify a modular system that can control highly specific aspects of skeletal form. Because of the general additivity and genomic clustering of major QTL, concerted changes in both protective armor and trophic traits may occur when sticklebacks inherit either marine or freshwater alleles at linked or possible “supergene” regions of the stickleback genome. Further study of these regions will help identify the molecular basis of both modular and coordinated changes in the vertebrate skeleton.
Simulation of mobility models in vehicular ad hoc networks

One of the emerging applications that belongs to ambient systems is to transparently and directly interconnect vehicles in roads, making an ad hoc network that enables a variety of applications through distritbuted softwares without the need of any fixed and dedicated infrastructure. The network as well as the embedded computers and sensors in the vehicle will be invisible to the driver, who will get the required services during his journey. The most important kind of services are the ones related to his safety. Before Proceeding to the real implementation of any software or communication protocol in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) it is mandatory to first evaluate it through a comprehensive simulation study. Mobility is an essential parameter that features VANET, and should be carefully considered in the evaluation. To get faithful and correct results in a simulation study, the mobility model should be as realistic as possible. The earlier models used in general mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), such as the random waypoint, are unsuitable for the VANET application, where the movements cannot take place freely in the open area. Indeed, vehicles move on the existing routes, constrained by many parameters (route intersections, stop and traffic light signals, the presence of other vehicles in front the vehicle, etc.). Some new models taking into account these features have been recently proposed. In this paper we provide an overview of the mobility models newly proposed in literature, which can be used for simulating VANET. After that, we will present our mobility simulator that mimics many of the recent models. Finally, we use this simulator to illustrate the impact of the overtaking on mobility, a parameter ignored by all the previous simulation studies.
Voltage dependent gate capacitance and its impact in estimating power and delay of CMOS digital circuits with low supply voltage

Gate capacitance has complex voltage dependency on terminal voltages but the impact of this voltage dependency of gate capacitance on power and delay has not been fully investigated, especially, in low-voltage, low-power designs. Introducing an effective gate capacitance, C/sub G,eff/ it is shown that the power and delay of CMOS digital circuit can be estimated accurately. C/sub G,eff/ is a strong function of V/sub TH//V/sub DD/ and V/sub TH//V/sub DD/ tends to increase in low-voltage region. Hence, the effective capacitance relative to oxide capacitance, C/sub OX/, is decreasing in low-voltage, low-power designs. Therefore, considering C/sub G,eff/ in accurate power and delay estimation becomes more important in the future.
The Value of Managing by Values: A Canadian Sport Organization Case Study

The purpose of this study was an in-depth examination of the use of organizational values in the management practices of a nonprofit sport organization. Using a case study approach, interview (n = 13) and video (n = 5) data were examined to determine (1) the nature of employee involvement as it relates to the development of organizational values, (2) the process of enacting and communicating organizational values, and (3) the perceived link between the deliberate implementation of management by values and organizational performance within one national sport organization. Findings demonstrated the need for all employees and internal stakeholders to be involved in the value generation process. Furthermore, in order for organizational values to be understood and â€˜lived' by personnel, values must be engrained into everyday human resource management sport policy and practice. Contribution to theory, as well as implications for sport practitioners and scholars are presented.
Distance-Based Lempel-Ziv Complexity for the Analysis of Electroencephalograms in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

The analysis of electroencephalograms (EEGs) of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) could contribute to the diagnosis of this dementia. In this study, a new non-linear signal processing metric, distance-based Lempel–Ziv complexity (dLZC), is introduced to characterise changes between pairs of electrodes in EEGs in AD. When complexity in each signal arises from different sub-sequences, dLZC would be greater than when similar sub-sequences are present in each signal. EEGs from 11 AD patients and 11 age-matched control subjects were analysed. The dLZC values for AD patients were lower than for control subjects for most electrode pairs, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.01, Student’s t-test) in 17 electrode pairs in the distant left, local posterior left, and interhemispheric regions. Maximum diagnostic accuracies with leave-one-out cross-validation were 77.27% for subject-based classification and 78.25% for epoch-based classification. These findings suggest not only that EEGs from AD patients are less complex than those from controls, but also that the richness of the information contained in pairs of EEGs from patients is also lower than in age-matched controls. The analysis of EEGs in AD with dLZC may increase the insight into brain dysfunction, providing complementary information to that obtained with other complexity and synchrony methods.
A context-aware trust-based security system for ad hoc networks

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) comprise computer nodes which communicate over wireless links without any central control. Therefore, they must be able to make fully autonomous security decisions. This introduces new security challenges that existing security models and mechanisms do not adequately address (Campbell, 2002). In this paper we present a trust-based security system that deals with the specific challenges of MANETs by combining decentralised security management and context-aware computing. With this combination, our trust-based security system can establish appropriate trust levels for every situation.
Communicative and relational determinants of mother in- law/daughter in-law relationship in family drama: a content analysis of mother-in-law citizen Tv programme, Kenya

Previous studies of Television programming have shown familial relationships portrayed in stereotypical ways, but none of them has narrowed down on determinants of mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law relationships. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine the communicative and relational determinants of the relationship between mothers-in-law and daughters–in-law as portrayed in TV Family drama. The study aimed at: a) identifying the different families depicted in the Programme and analyse the communicative factors revealed in the drama. b) analyzing the relational factors revealed in the Mother-in-Law program. c) determining the communicated and relational factors which influence mother inlaw/daughter in-law relationship as portrayed in the programme. The study was guided by the following theories: Triangular Theory of in-law relationships, Relational dialectics, Communications Accommodation Theory, The Multiple Goals Framework theory, and Cultivation Theory. The study analysed eight Episodes of the drama, aired on Citizen TV Channel between August and September 2012. Critical content analysis was employed to analyse data, which was mainly qualitative. Quantitative data was generated by two coders who independently used a prepared code sheet to examine the descriptive aspects of each character and the qualitative aspects defined by pre-determined categories. Reliability of the code sheet was established by piloting to determine inter-coder agreement. The study established that the relationship between MILs and DILs is a dialectical process, in which conflicts could potentially arise as a tussle between the needs for association and dissociation, certainty and uncertainty and openness and closedness and that the key locus of this dialectic process is the verbal interaction between the parties. In addition, independence in family set up, familial identity, supportive communication, and sense of belonging, accommodation, and cultural orientation were found to be the main relational themes communicated in the drama. With respect to the characters relationships, the mother-in-law was found to exhibit negative behaviour and negative personality traits towards her daughters-in-law whereas she displayed positive behaviours towards her sons, hence, supporting the Triangular Theory of in-law relationships. The study found that personality traits of the MIL and DIL, MIL‘s support of marriage, spouse loyalty and support, and cultural orientation were significant communicative and relational determinants of the relationship between MIL and DILs. These findings are considered significant. The study recommends that TV programs should avoid invariably casting MIL–DIL relationships in negative stereotypes; instead, they should occasionally come up with Episodes on how such relationships might be improved, using factors established in this study.
Exacerbated Innate Host Response to SARS-CoV in Aged Non-Human Primates

The emergence of viral respiratory pathogens with pandemic potential, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and influenza A H5N1, urges the need for deciphering their pathogenesis to develop new intervention strategies. SARS-CoV infection causes acute lung injury (ALI) that may develop into life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with advanced age correlating positively with adverse disease outcome. The molecular pathways, however, that cause virus-induced ALI/ARDS in aged individuals are ill-defined. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-infected aged macaques develop more severe pathology than young adult animals, even though viral replication levels are similar. Comprehensive genomic analyses indicate that aged macaques have a stronger host response to virus infection than young adult macaques, with an increase in differential expression of genes associated with inflammation, with NF-κB as central player, whereas expression of type I interferon (IFN)-β is reduced. Therapeutic treatment of SARS-CoV-infected aged macaques with type I IFN reduces pathology and diminishes pro-inflammatory gene expression, including interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels, without affecting virus replication in the lungs. Thus, ALI in SARS-CoV-infected aged macaques developed as a result of an exacerbated innate host response. The anti-inflammatory action of type I IFN reveals a potential intervention strategy for virus-induced ALI.
Altruisme et h ´ et ´ erog´ en ´ eit ´ e

economique, mais redistribuent les ressources au profit des plus altruistes d'un point de vue micro-´ economique. Altruism and heterogeneity ABSTRACT. - This article examines the long-run equilibrium of an overlapping- generations economy with a population consisting of altruistic agents whose degree of altruism toward their offspring is heterogeneous. It shows that the steady state capital labor ratio only depends on the degree of altruism of the most altruistic agents. In the long run the society is divided in two classes : those who are linked with their offspring through bequests and those who behave as if they were egoistic. When bequests are operative, the introduction of public debt or unfunded social security has no effect on the long-run capital labor ratio, but makes the most altruistic agents better off while making the other ones worse off.
Software Forensics for Discriminating between Program Authors using Case-Based Reasoning , Feed-Forward Neural Networks and Multiple Discriminant Analysis

Software forensics is a research field that, by treating pieces of program source code as linguistically and stylistically analyzable entities, attempts to investigate aspects of computer program authorship. This can be performed with the goal of identification, discrimination, or characterization of authors. In this paper we extract a set of 26 standard authorship metrics from 351 programs by 7 different authors. The use of feedforward neural networks, multiple discriminant analysis, and case-based reasoning is then investigated in terms of classification accuracy for the authors on both training and testing samples. The first two techniques produce remarkably similar results, with the best results coming from the case-based reasoning models. All techniques have high prediction accuracy rates, supporting the feasibility of the task of discriminating program authors based on source-code measurements.
Sub-1-V-Output CMOS bandgap reference circuit with small area and low power consumption

In this paper, a new low-VDD CMOS bandgap reference circuit with small layout area and low power consumption is proposed. The proposed circuit delivering its output voltage below 1V has its Proportional-To-Absolute-Temperature (PTAT) term compensated by the Complementary-proportional-To-Absolute- Temperature (CTAT) voltage thereby suppressing a change in its output voltage regardless of temperature and VDD variations. Using a commercial CMOS 0.18-µ m process, the proposed circuit has been verified to be able to save its layout area by 48.7% and the power consumption by 29.9% compared with the previous sub-1-V-output bandgap circuit.
The Regulation of Synaptic Vesicle Recycling by cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II in Cerebellar Granule Cells under Strong and Sustained Stimulation

From the early periods of neurogenesis and migration, up until synaptogenesis, both nitric oxide (NO) and its downstream messenger, cGMP, are thought to influence the development of neurons. The NO/cGMP/cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK) pathway regulates the clustering and recruitment of synaptic proteins and vesicles to the synapse, adjusting the exoendocytic cycle to the intensity of activity and accelerating endocytosis following large-scale exocytosis. Here, we show that blockage of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor impairs the cycling of synaptic vesicles in a subset of boutons on cerebellar granule cells, an effect that was reversed by increasing cGMP. Furthermore, we demonstrate that presynaptic cGK type II (cGKII) plays a major role in this process. Using the FM1-43 dye to track vesicle recycling, we found that knockdown of cGKII and/or the application of a cGK inhibitor reduced the efficiency of synaptic vesicle recycling to a similar extent. Likewise, in cerebellar granule cells transfected with vGlut1-pHluorin to follow the exoendocytotic cycle, application of a cGK inhibitor slowed vesicle endocytosis when exocytosis was accelerated through strong and sustained stimulation. Additionally, ultrastructural analysis showed that cGKII knockdown or inhibition favored the formation of endosomal-like structures after strong and sustained stimulation. We conclude that cGKII controls the homeostatic balance of vesicle exocytosis and endocytosis in synaptic boutons of rat cerebellar granule cells.
Protective Effects of Dexrazoxane against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Metabolomic Study

Cardioprotection of dexrazoxane (DZR) against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity is contentious and the indicator is controversial. A pairwise comparative metabolomics approach was used to delineate the potential metabolic processes in the present study. Ninety-six BALB/c mice were randomly divided into two supergroups: tumor and control groups. Each supergroup was divided into control, DOX, DZR, and DOX plus DZR treatment groups. DOX treatment resulted in a steady increase in 5-hydroxylysine, 2-hydroxybutyrate, 2-oxoglutarate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and decrease in glucose, glutamate, cysteine, acetone, methionine, asparate, isoleucine, and glycylproline.DZR treatment led to increase in lactate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, glutamate, alanine, and decrease in glucose, trimethylamine N-oxide and carnosine levels. These metabolites represent potential biomarkers for early prediction of cardiotoxicity of DOX and the cardioprotective evaluation of DZR.
White spot syndrome virus: an overview on an emergent concern

Viruses are ubiquitous and extremely abundant in the marine environment. One of such marine viruses, the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), has emerged globally as one of the most prevalent, widespread and lethal for shrimp populations. However, at present there is no treatment available to interfere with the unrestrained occurrence and spread of the disease. The recent progress in molecular biology techniques has made it possible to obtain information on the factors, mechanisms and strategies used by this virus to infect and replicate in susceptible host cells. Yet, further research is still required to fully understand the basic nature of WSSV, its exact life cycle and mode of infection. This information will expand our knowledge and may contribute to developing effective prophylactic or therapeutic measures. This review provides a state-of-the-art overview of the topic, and emphasizes the current progress and future direction for the development of WSSV control strategies.
Treatment of Failure in Autonomous Disks and Implementation of its Rules

We have proposed autonomous disks in order to realize high functionalities (balancing load, tolerating faults, and recovering failures), by utilizing a control processor and a large amount of memory for the disk cache in a disk drive. In this paper,we focus on a case where autonomous disks have failure . We show a method to change references from failure disk to its backup by rule, without stopping the system. We then report the e ects of failure case using experimental autonomous disks on PCs with JAVA. key words autonomous disks, SAN, NAS, fault tolerance, failure
Multimode interference: Highly regular pattern formation in quantum wave-packet evolution

The controlled preparation and measurement of wave packets has recently emerged as an extremely active field of research. Examples include wave packets in atoms @1#, optical lattices @2#, ion traps @3#, molecules @4#, and semiconductor quantum wells @5#, to name a few. One of the major points of interest is the spatiotemporal evolution of wave packets in such systems. Since most of the experiments engage a broad-spectrum excitation of the eigenmodes of the system, large-scale interference becomes a leading factor. It gives rise to well-ordered long-range regularities such as quantum revivals @6#, interference patterns in the atomic double-slit experiment @7~a! #, diffraction effects in atom optics @7~b! # and so called d ionization @8#. In this paper, we show that these packets may also serve as a testing ground for another class of interference effects that have recently gained intense interest @7‐15#: the formation of highly regular spatiotemporal or multidimensional patterns in the quan
Endocytosis of Fgf8 Is a Double-Stage Process and Regulates Spreading and Signaling

Tightly controlled concentration gradients of morphogens provide positional information and thus regulate tissue differentiation and morphogenesis in multicellular organisms. However, how such morphogenetic fields are formed and maintained remains debated. Here we show that fibroblast growth factor 8 (Fgf8) morphogen gradients in zebrafish embryos are established and maintained by two essential mechanisms. Firstly, Fgf8 is taken up into the cell by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The speed of the uptake rate defines the range of the morphogenetic gradient of Fgf8. Secondly, our data demonstrate that after endocytosis the routing of Fgf8 from the early endosome to the late endosome shuts down signaling. Therefore, intracellular endocytic transport regulates the intensity and duration of Fgf8 signaling. We show that internalization of Fgf8 into the early endosome and subsequent transport towards the late endosome are two independent processes. Therefore, we hypothesize that Fgf8 receiving cells control both, the propagation width and the signal strength of the morphogen.
Collective Reflection as an Alternative Methodology in Curriculum Research and Teaching: Representations in Global Perspectives.

This paper describes an alternative methodology used to study students' constructions of meaning as they engage in a curriculum-making project while taking "Global Perspectives," a foundational graduate preservice teacher education course at Pace University, New York. Global Perspectives offers opportunities to explore the power of suppositions and biases and to integrate world concerns and awareness of stereotyping into curriculum planning. The alternative methodology extends the collective reflection of interpersonal discourse through interpretation of multicultural calendar artifacts as texts. Viewing these artifacts created by students as texts and reviewing the statements made by the calendars' creators on videotape allows the two instructors to explore the focal and tacit dimensions of the students' expressed personal knowledge. Students' viewing of their representations and the artifacts made by their classmates as texts means that they can access how someone else thinks. This approach helps develop the global perspectives of preservice teachers. The calendar task makes future teachers' actions and reflections real in regard to the multicultural curriculum by requiring students to think about taken-for-granted notions of cultural and personal markings of time. (Contains 1 figure and 18 references.) (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Collective Reflection as an N Alternative Methodology in Curriculum Research and Teaching:
Isolation of rat gonocytes by velocity sedimentation at unit gravity.

A method for obtaining enriched populations of gonocytes from rat embryos at 18 days p.c. has been developed. Single cell suspensions with high cell yield and good viability of the cells were obtained by a collagenase/trypsin digestion of the testes. Cells were separated on the basis of size by the Staput technique of velocity sedimentation at unit gravity. Populations of 600,000 gonocytes (70-75% purity), sedimenting at about 12 mm/h, could be obtained from 30-35 fetal rats within 8 h after killing. Purities were determined by Nomarski microscopy and verified in fixed preparations and by Coulter volume measurements.