Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prothrombin complex concentrate versus recombinant factor VIIa for reversal of hemodilutional coagulopathy in a porcine trauma model.

BACKGROUND Fluid resuscitation after traumatic injury may necessitate coagulation factor replacement to prevent bleeding complications of dilutional coagulopathy. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is being widely investigated as a hemostatic agent in trauma. Multicomponent therapy with prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) containing coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X might offer potential advantages. METHODS Anesthetized mildly hypothermic normotensive pigs were hemodiluted by substituting 65% to 70% of total blood volume in phases with hydroxyethyl starch and red cells. Thereafter, animals received 12.5 mL . kg isotonic saline placebo, 35 IU . kg PCC, or 180 microg x kg rFVIIa. Immediately afterward, a standardized spleen injury was inflicted, and prothrombin time (PT) and hemostasis were assessed. Thrombin generation was also determined. RESULTS Hemodilution depleted levels of factors II, VII, IX, and X markedly, prolonged PT and decreased thrombin formation. PCC and rFVIIa both fully normalized the hemodilution-induced lengthening of PT. In PCC recipients, peak thrombin generation was greater by a median of 60.7 nM (confidence interval 56.4-64.9 nM) compared with the rFVIIa group (p = 0.008). After spleen trauma, time to hemostasis was shortened to a median of 35 minutes in animals treated with PCC versus 94 minutes with rFVIIa (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS In a pilot study involving an in vivo large-animal model of spleen trauma, PCC accelerated hemostasis and augmented thrombin generation compared with rFVIIa. Further investigations are warranted on PCC as a hemostatic agent in trauma.
Security survey of the IoT wireless protocols

With the increasing usage and impact of the services based on data from Internet of Things (IoT) networks, securing the sources as well as the transport of these data is crucial. In this paper, we present our survey of the security of the four widely used IoT protocols: Bluetooth Low Energy, LoRaWAN, ZigBee and Z-Wave. We discuss various vulnerabilities in the protocols and how the protocols evolved from the security point of view. The survey is a base for our future work on a secure gateway for IoT networks. In this project we are going to detect security incidents in IoT networks at the gateway connecting the IoT devices with the application servers.
The Commercialization of User Innovations: The Development of the Rodeo Kayak Industry

In this study, we analyze the commercialization process of user innovations in open communities. We have traced 16 cases of user innovators who have commercialized their own innovations or have been involved in the commercialization process to some extent. By developing and manufacturing new products, the user innovators in our sample created a fast-growing community. They used low-cost manufacturing techniques and were able to start a new industry before established manufacturers could enter the market. The transformation process from a user innovation community to a commercial and manufacturing community brought about a number of major changes. In this paper, we track those changes as: the motives for innovating, the community size and characteristics, the type of innovation, the type of assistance and the disclosure of information, the form of communication, and competition between innovating users.
A V-band power amplifier with 11.9 dB gain in CMOS 90-nm process technology

In this paper, a three-stage power amplifier (PA) designed for V-band applications is presented. The proposed PA adopts common-source topology for each stage and is implemented in the CMOS 90-nm process technology. This V-band PA achieves a small signal gain of 11.9dB and a saturated output power of 7.6dBm at the 60GHz operating frequency. The measured peak power added efficiency (PAE) is 4.77%, and its OP1dB is 5dBm. The power consumption of the proposed PA is 97mW from the 1.2V voltage supply.
The Role of Research Orientation for Attracting Competitive Research Funding

This article studies the role of research orientation for attracting research grants at higher education institutions in Germany. Traditionally research activities were funded by the institutions’ core budget. More recently, extramural research funding has become increasingly important. Besides the public sector, industry provides a growing share of such funds. The results based on a sample of professors in science and engineering suggest that basic and applied research is complementarity for attracting research funding from industry. Thus, professors who conduct basic research in addition to research on the applicability of their results appear to be a more interesting target or most successful in raising industry funds. For raising grants from public sources, it turns out that specialization is more important. Specialized research units on either basic or applied research obtain significantly more public grants which points to a substitutive relationship between basic and applied research for grants from public sources.
Effect of Perceived Conflict Among Multiple Performance Goals and Goal Difficulty on Task Performance

Contemporary performance measurement systems, such as the balanced scorecard, often advocate the use of an array of financial and non-financial measures. Despite many claimed advantages for these systems, recent research shows that the inclusion of multiple performance measures sometimes has undesirable effects. The present study examines one of the potential problems of implementing these systems; namely, the impact of perceived goal conflict on task performance. Using survey data from employees working in multiple call centres in a telecommunication company, we find that perceived goal difficulty increases perceived goal conflict. Additionally, perceived goal difficulty also has a negative, indirect effect of task performance, through the mediating role of perceived goal conflict. Our results have important implications for both the research literature and the designers of performance measurement systems.
Oxidative stress increases glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA levels in isolated rabbit aorta.

We have recently shown that inhibition of endogenous Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) by diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) increased superoxide anion levels in isolated rabbit aortic rings, describing a useful experimental model to examine the effects of oxidative stress on the vessel wall. The present study examined the effects of oxidative stress on the steady-state mRNA levels of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; EC 1.2.1.12). Aortic rings were incubated in physiological salt solution at 37 degrees C for up to 6 h. DDC (2 mM) decreased total SOD activity to < 5% of control levels and increased superoxide anion level ninefold. Steady-state mRNA levels of GAPDH were increased under comparable conditions. Although decreased biological activity of endothelium-derived nitric oxide was indicated by lower basal guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate levels in aortic rings treated with DDC compared with those in control rings (1.2 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.3 fmol/microgram protein, P < 0.05), neither endothelium denudation nor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester had any effects on the steady-state mRNA levels of GAPDH. The cell.permeable iron chelator 1,10-phenanthroline completely prevented the increases in GAPDH mRNA levels induced by DDC. These results suggest that oxidative stress resulting from inhibition of endogenous Cu,Zn SOD causes induction of GAPDH gene expression and that the hydroxyl radical, produced through the iron-catalyzed Haber-Weiss reaction, is the intracellular reactive oxygen species responsible for the DDC-stimulated increase in GAPDH mRNA.
Congenital anomalies in children of patients who received chemotherapy for cancer in childhood and adolescence.

BACKGROUND Many patients who have been treated successfully for childhood cancer with regimens that contain one or more mutagenic chemotherapeutic agents are concerned that their own treatment during childhood or adolescence may adversely affect their children. METHODS To determine the effect of chemotherapy for cancer during childhood and adolescence on the outcome of subsequent pregnancies, we reviewed the records of 306 men and women who had been treated for pediatric cancer and who responded to our questionnaire. One hundred of the 306 patients reported 202 pregnancies. Among the patients who had received chemotherapy as part of their treatment for cancer, 60 patients or wives of patients had had one or more pregnancies of 20 or more weeks' gestation. The 60 former patients had a total of 100 live-born and 2 stillborn children. RESULTS The frequency of congenital anomalies was 8.1 percent (5 of 62) among the live-born children of the women and 7.9 percent (3 of 38) among the live-born children of the men. Structural congenital cardiac defects were identified in 10.0 percent (2 of 20) of the children of women who had been treated with dactinomycin, as compared with 0.6 percent (144 of 24,153) among the children in a multicenter survey of fetal anomalies (P = 0.0126). We found no relation between the number of mutagens received or the cumulative dose of any agent received and the frequency of congenital anomalies in the children. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that treatment of children and adolescents with mutagenic chemotherapeutic agents, in the dose ranges we examined, does not increase the frequency of congenital anomalies in the children subsequently born to the former patients. However, the possible adverse effect of dactinomycin on the children of such patients requires further study.
Looming animate and inanimate threats: The response of the amygdala and periaqueductal gray

Looming stimuli are processed as threatening and activate basic neural defense systems. However, it is unclear how animacy information modulates this response. Participants (N = 25) viewed threatening or neutral images that were either animate (animals) or inanimate (objects) and which either approached (loomed) or receded from the participant. The amygdala was responsive to emotional, animacy, and looming information (particularly to looming threats and looming animate stimuli). Periaqueductal gray was also sensitive to emotional information and particularly responsive to looming threats. The data are interpreted within category-specific models of the amygdala and temporal cortex.
Resource Impact: Curse or Blessing? A Literature Survey

Common sense and economic theory suggest large revenues from natural resource projects should generate economic progress and development. Yet much evidence argues the opposite and that resource-rich countries suffer from ‘resource curse’. This paper provides a survey of the academic literature on the impact of natural resources on an economy. The topic has long attracted interest in the economics literature but more recently, interest has revived. The paper first considers the large body of empirical work examining the relationship between resource abundance, poor economic performance and poverty. While this evidence supports the view of a negative impact, it is not without criticism and some assert a few countries managed instead to receive a ‘blessing’. The paper assesses how the literature explains the transmission mechanisms between resource revenues and economic damage. Six areas are discussed: a long-term decline in terms of trade; revenue volatility; Dutch disease; crowding out effects; increasing the role of the state; and the socio-cultural and political impacts. Finally, various options from the literature to avoid negative impacts are analysed: not developing the mineral deposits; diversifying the economy away from dependence on oil, gas and mineral exports; sterilising the incoming revenue; the use of stabilisation and oil funds; and reconsidering investment policies. The paper finishes by assessing what political reforms might be needed to carry out the necessary policies to avoid negative impacts.
Effect of exchange rate on dried apricot export in Turkey: A vector autoregression (VAR) analysis

Volatilities, which occur in exchange rates, cause variability in revenues also obtained from export. This study aimed to explore the relationship between variability in exchange rate and export values of dried apricot. VAR method was followed using monthly time series data covering the period of 2003:01 - 2008:12 and mutual relations were analyzed by using VAR method. The stationary variables were analyzed using the Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) test. Research results showed that there was unidirectional causality from exchange rate to exports values. Based on the results of an impulse-response test, volatility caused by a shock with one standard error to be applied on variables may become stable after 11 periods. Research results also showed that volatilities in export values depended on exchange rate by 20% in long period. Following stabilization policy for exchange rate and extending markets to alternative ones may increase the export revenues. Key words: Dried apricot, exchange rate, export, VAR.
Dynamics of Worker Reallocation Within and Across Industries

This paper uses an integrated employer-employee data-set to answer two key questions: (i) What is the equilibrium amount of worker reallocation? (ii) How much does firm-level job reallocation affect worker reallocation? About 26% of workers who had previously exhibited a substantial degree of attachment to their employer change jobs in a given year. About two-thirds of this reallocation is roughly evenly split within and across broadly defined industries. Firm-level job and worker reallocation substantially increases the probability of transition for even the most stable group of workers, even after controlling for individual characteristics and firm and industry tenure. Copyright (c) The London School of Economics and Political Science 2006.
Neighbourhood e!ects in local policy making: Evidence from environmental policy di!usion

This research paper aims to analyse empirically the strategic interaction among local governments when they decide to adopt a local policy, and to test if mimicking behaviour could be attributed to the yardstick competition mechanism. The empirical analysis looks at the process of adoption of the organic urban waste collection policy among Catalan municipalities. Using data for the 946 municipalities in Catalonia during the period 1996-2008, a maximum likelihood approach is used to estimate a spatial lag model. A geographical contiguity criterion has been used to define the reference group for each municipality (geographical neighbours). The yardstick competition hypothesis is tested using a two regimes spatial lag model. The dataset is split in two subsamples according to the electoral vote margin of the local government. It has been found that when local governments hold a large majority, then they are less sensitive to neighbours’ local policy decisions. The results are in line with the hypothesis of yardstick competition, and it can be concluded that there is empirical evidence of mimicking behaviour and yardstick competition among local governments in Catalonia.
Do Financial Conglomerates Create or Destroy Value? Evidence for the EU

There is an ongoing debate about whether firm focus creates or destroys shareholder value. Earlier literature has shown significant diversification discounts: firms that engage in multiple activities are valued lower. Various factors are important in determining the size of the discount, for example cross-subsidization and agency problems. The existing literature, however, generally focuses on non-financial firms or on banks combining investment and commercial banking. Our paper focuses specifically on the valuation of bank-insurance conglomerates. We find no universal diversification discount but significant variability. The discount is explained by the size (increasing), the familiarity with the conglomerate business model (decreasing) and the risk profile (decreasing). Our results are robust to the historical origin, the merger record and the age of the conglomerate, as well as peer group specification and outlier elimination.
Empirically Informed Regulation

In recent years, social scientists have been incorporating empirical findings about human behavior into economic models. These findings offer important insights for thinking about regulation and its likely consequences. They also offer some suggestions about the appropriate design of effective, low-cost, choice-preserving approaches to regulatory problems, including disclosure requirements, default rules, and simplification. A general lesson is that small, inexpensive policy initiatives can have large and highly beneficial effects. In the United States, a large number of recent practices and reforms reflect an appreciation of this lesson. They also reflect an understanding of the need to ensure that regulations have strong empirical foundations, both through careful analysis of costs and benefits in advance and through retrospective review of what works and what does not.
Canadian Money Demand Functions: Cointegration-Rank Stability

This paper applies new tests for cointegration (Chao and Phillips, Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 91 (1999), pp. 279–304) and for cointegration-rank stability with unknown change point (Quintos, Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 82 (1998), pp. 289–315) to Canadian money demand. Historical data of Metcalf et al. (Canadian Journal of Economics, Vol. 31 (1998), pp. 104–124) back to 1872 are used. The paper also considers shorter spans starting in 1957 and 1968 instead. The results show that a specification with M1 has the most rank stability. The rank does not fall below one and cointegration is present at all times in the full samples and also in the subsamples. However, additional cointegrating relations enter the vector error-correction system for all samples.
INDUCTION OF APOPTOSIS IN PANCREATIC ACINAR CELLS In -

In acute pancreatitis (AP), acinar cell death occurs both by necrosis and apoptosis (programmed cell death). The clinical severity of this disease varies widely, from a mild, self-limiting form with interstitial edema to severe, necrotizing pancreatitis with a high mortality rate. Mild pancreatitis is characterized by very little necrosis but a high degree of apoptosis suggesting that the severity of acute pancreatitis is inversely related to the degree of apoptosis. It has been hypothesized and to an extent proven that induction of apoptosis in pancreatic acinar cells reduces the severity of AP. This study attempts to induce apoptosis in murine pancreatic acinar cells in-vitro. The apoptotic inducers used were Caerulein and Menadione. The method of apoptotic quantification was by measuring caspase-3 activity of the cell lysate. It was found that both treatment with Menadione and Caerulein showed increased apoptotic activity. There is potential for the inducers of apoptosis to be further investigated as possible prophylactic or therapeutic approaches for AP.
Optimal design of distributed generation in grid-connected mode of operation using genetic algorithm

This paper presents an optimization Algorithm for grid-connected DG using Genetic Algorithm. In grid-connected mode, DG injects predefined active and reactive power and any change of load is supplied by the main-grid. Goal of the optimization process is to minimize steady state error and overshoot of the DG output powers. Proportional and integral gains of the PI controller are optimized for this goal. Performance of the optimized controller tested using simulations in MATLAB/Simulink. Stability analysis of the controller is verified using classical approach.
Budgeting Research: Three Theoretical Perspectives and Criteria for Selective Integration

Budgeting is one of the most extensively researched topics in management accounting and has been studied from the theoretical perspectives of economics, psychology, and sociology. Thus, budgeting offers opportunities for research that chooses between competing theories from these perspectives or combines theories from different perspectives if they are compatible, to create more complete and valid explanations of the causes and effects of budgeting practices. In the first part of the paper we analyze budgeting research in the three theoretical perspectives, focusing on important similarities and differences across perspectives with respect to the primary research question, levels of analysis, assumptions about rationality and equilibrium, budgeting and nonbudgeting variables, and causal‐model forms. In the last part of this paper we identify four interrelated criteria for selective integrative research and provide an example of using these criteria for research on participative budgeting.
A fraud detection model: A must for auditors

This paper addresses a fundamental issue in financial regulation ‐ that of the auditor’s ability to detect material irregularities. If an auditor is to detect irregularities he/she must also be cognisant of fraud aetiology by drawing on such other disciplines as psychology, criminology and sociology. The paper first provides a critique of existing fraud aetiology models and then describes the ROP Fraud Risk‐Assessment Model constructed by the author in a study of convicted serious fraud offenders in Australia. The main concern of the paper is with the eclectic fraud detection model (EFD), of which the ROP model is a component. The EFD model is aimed at enhancing the auditor’s fraud detection ability, it has been constructed by the author and its utility successfully tested in Australia in a survey of auditors. Finally, the policy implications for auditors of the findings obtained are also considered.
Some Considerations About Annual Growth Rate Variations in Cod Stocks

In the present paper the annual evolution in the mean weight at age in the stock is studied for 3 populations of cod (Northeast Arctic cod stock, Icelandic cod stock, and 2J3KL NAFO Divisions cod stock). In the three populations analysed, a strong annual effect is appreciated since all ages of the same stock seem to have the same trends each year. The behaviour of ages 3-7 is 'very similar, though older ages differ somewhat more. The annual increases seem to have little relationship with the stock biomass. Nevertheless, the maximums of biomass usually bring about falls in growth rates. Growth rate appears to be related to both temperature and availability of capelin (capelin biomass/cod biomass ratio).
3-D Reconstruction of Encephalic Tissue in MR Images Using Immune Sphere-Shaped SVMs

In the brain MR images, the boundary of each encephalic tissue is highly irregular. Traditional 3-D reconstruction algorithms are challenged. Owing to its powerful capacity in solving nonlinearity problems, the sphere-shaped support vector machines (SSSVMs) is applied in the 3-D reconstruction. Selecting parameters for SSSVM and the kernel function, however, is a complicated issue. Appropriate parameters can make the model more flexible and help to obtain more accurate data description. In this study, immune algorithm (IA) is used in searching for the optimal parameters. Immune SSSVM (ISSSVM) is proposed to reconstruct the 3-D encephalic tissues in MR images. As shown by the experiment of this study, each encephalic tissue can be reconstructed efficiently, and satisfied accuracy and visual effect can be obtained.