Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Online duplicate document detection: signature reliability in a dynamic retrieval environment

As online document collections continue to expand, both on the Web and in proprietary environments, the need for duplicate detection becomes more critical. Few users wish to retrieve search results consisting of sets of duplicate documents, whether identical duplicates or close matches. Our goal in this work is to investigate the phenomenon and determine one or more approaches that minimize its impact on search results. Recent work has focused on using some form of signature to characterize a document in order to reduce the complexity of document comparisons. A representative technique constructs a 'fingerprint' of the rarest or richest features in a document using collection statistics as criteria for feature selection. One of the challenges of this approach, however, arises from the fact that in production environments, collections of documents are always changing, with new documents, or new versions of documents, arriving frequently, and other documents periodically removed. When an enterprise proceeds to freeze a training collection in order to stabilize the underlying repository of such features and its associated collection statistics, issues of coverage and completeness arise. We show that even with very large training collections possessing extremely high feature correlations before and after updates, underlying fingerprints remain sensitive to subtle changes. We explore alternative solutions that benefit from the development of massive meta-collections made up of sizable components from multiple domains. This technique appears to offer a practical foundation for fingerprint stability. We also consider mechanisms for updating training collections while mitigating signature instability. Our research is divided into three parts. We begin with a study of the distribution of duplicate types in two broad-ranging news collections consisting of approximately 50 million documents. We then examine the utility of document signatures in addressing identical or nearly identical duplicate documents and their sensitivity to collection updates. Finally, we investigate a flexible method of characterizing and comparing documents in order to permit the identification of non-identical duplicates. This method has produced promising results following an extensive evaluation using a production-based test collection created by domain experts.
BMI1 Is Expressed in Canine Osteosarcoma and Contributes to Cell Growth and Chemotherapy Resistance

BMI1, a stem cell factor and member of the polycomb group of genes, has been shown to contribute to growth and chemoresistance of several human malignancies including primary osteosarcoma (OSA). Naturally occurring OSA in the dog represents a large animal model of human OSA, however the potential role of BMI1 in canine primary and metastatic OSA has not been examined. Immunohistochemical staining of canine primary and metastatic OSA tumors revealed strong nuclear expression of BMI1. An identical staining pattern was found in both primary and metastatic human OSA tissues. Canine OSA cell lines (Abrams, Moresco, and D17) expressed high levels of BMI1 compared with canine osteoblasts and knockdown or inhibition of BMI1 by siRNA or by small molecule BMI1-inhibitor PTC-209 demonstrated a role for BMI1 in canine OSA cell growth and resistance to carboplatin and doxorubicin chemotherapy. These findings suggest that inhibition of BMI1 in primary or metastatic OSA may improve response to chemotherapy and that the dog may serve as a large animal model to evaluate such therapy.
Path delay test compaction with process variation tolerance

In this paper we propose a test compaction method for path delay faults in a logic circuit. The method generates a compact set of two-pattern tests for faults on long paths selected with a criterion. While the proposed method generates each two-pattern test for more than one fault in the target fault list as well as ordinary test compaction methods, secondary target faults are selected from the fault list such that many other faults, which may not be included in the fault list, are detected by the test pattern. Even if faults on long paths in a manufactured circuit are not included in the fault list due to a process variation or noise, the compact test set would detect the longer untargeted faults, i.e., the test set has a noise or variation tolerant nature. Experimental results show that the proposed method can generate a compact test set and it detects longer untargeted path delay faults efficiently.
Mobility Prediction Based Joint Stable Routing and Channel Assignment for Mobile Ad Hoc Cognitive Networks

Link instability and channel interference cause significant performance degradation to mobile ad hoc cognitive networks (MACNets). Existing work designs routing and assigns channels separately or does not consider mobility prediction and channel vacation to primary nodes. In this paper, we investigate how to jointly optimize route setup and channel assignment. Firstly, we propose an integrated data transmission cost (IDTC) to quantitatively measure the communication quality of links. This novel routing metric IDTC integratively considers 1) node mobility, 2) co-channel interference among primary and cognitive nodes, 3) relay workload on a specified channel, and 4) distance between the relay and the destination node. We, then, design channel assignment algorithms that completely avoid the interference with primary nodes and minimize the conflict to cognitive nodes. Finally, we propose a joint stable routing and channel assignment (J-SRCA) protocol based on mobility prediction for the network throughput maximization. In our J-SRCA, each link selected hop by hop is simultaneously assigned an interference-avoiding channel during a route setup. NS2-based simulation results demonstrate that our J-SRCA significantly improves various network performance, and the higher interference degree cognitive networks experience, the more improvement our J-SRCA will bring to the networks.
The migration ability of stem cells can explain the existence of cancer of unknown primary site. Rethinking metastasis

Cancers of unknown primary site are metastatic cancers for which primary tumors are not found after detailed investigations. In many cases, the site of origin is not identified even on postmortem examination. These cancers are the fourth most common cause of cancer death. The biological events involved in the development of this type of cancers remain unknown. This manuscript discusses that, like metastatic cells, stem cells have a natural ability to migrate. A cancer of unknown primary site would form when deregulated, premalignant or cancerous stem cells migrated away from their natural tissue and gave rise to a cancer in a new site before or without generating a tumor in their original tissue. It is important to realize that forming a tumor in a tissue is not a prerequisite for stem cells to migrate away from that tissue. This view is in accordance with recent observations that strongly support the tumorigenesis model in which cancer arises from normal stem cells. Evidence has accumulated that cancer stem cells may play a key role in cancer progression and resistance to therapy. Successful treatment of cancer, including that of unknown primary site, may therefore require the development of therapies against cancer stem cells.
Geometrodynamical distances to the Galaxy's hydrogen streams

We present a geometrodynamical method for determining distances to orbital streams of H I gas in the Galaxy. The method makes use of our offset from the Galactic Centre and assumes that the gas comprising the stream nearly follows a planar orbit about the Galactic Centre. We apply this technique to the Magellanic Stream and determine the distances to all points along it; a consistency check shows that the angular momentum is approximately constant. Applying this technique to the Large Magellanic Cloud itself gives an independent distance which agrees within its accuracy of around 10 per cent. Relaxing the demand for exact conservation of energy and angular momentum at all points along the stream allows for an increase in orbital period between the lagging end and the front end led by the Magellanic Clouds. Similar methods are applicable to other long streams of high-velocity clouds, provided they also nearly follow planar orbits; these would allow otherwise unknown distances to be determined.
SNARE Zippering and Synaptic Strength

Synapses vary widely in the probability of neurotransmitter release. We tested the hypothesis that the zippered state of the trans-SNARE (Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor Attachment protein REceptor) complex determines initial release probability. We tested this hypothesis at phasic and tonic synapses which differ by 100-1000-fold in neurotransmitter release probability. We injected, presynaptically, three Clostridial neurotoxins which bind and cleave at different sites on VAMP to determine whether these sites were occluded by the zippering of the SNARE complex or open to proteolytic attack. Under low stimulation conditions, the catalytic light-chain fragment of botulinum B (BoNT/B-LC) inhibited evoked release at both phasic and tonic synapses and cleaved VAMP; however, neither BoNT/D-LC nor tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT-LC) were effective in these conditions. The susceptibility of VAMP to only BoNT/B-LC indicated that SNARE complexes at both phasic and tonic synapses were partially zippered only at the N-terminal end to approximately the zero-layer with the C-terminal end exposed under resting state. Therefore, the existence of the same partially zippered state of the trans-SNARE complex at both phasic and tonic synapses indicates that release probability is not determined solely by the zippered state of the trans-SNARE complex at least to the zero-layer.
Sugar metabolism and regulation in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus litoralis

The gene cluster in Thermococcus litoralis encoding a multicomponent and binding protein-dependent ABC transporter for trehalose and maltose contains an open reading frame of unknown function. We cloned this gene (now called treT), expressed it in E. coli, purified the encoded protein and identified it as an enzyme forming trehalose and ADP from ADP-glucose and glucose. The enzyme can also use UDP-and GDP-glucose but with less efficiency. The reaction is reversible and ADP-glucose plus glucose can also be formed from trehalose and ADP. The rate of reaction and the equilibrium are favoring the formation of trehalose. At 90°C, the optimal temperature for the enzymatic reaction, the half-maximal concentration of ADP-glucose at saturating glucose concentrations is 1.14 mM and the Vmax is 160 units/mg protein. In the reverse reaction, the half-maximal concentration of trehalose at saturating ADP concentrations is 11.5 mM and the Vmax was estimated to be 17 units/mg protein. Under non-denaturating in vitro conditions the enzyme behaves as a dimer of identical subunits of 48 kDa. As the transporter encoded in the same gene cluster, TreT is induced by trehalose and maltose in the growth medium. ABBREVIATIONS: EIIBC enzyme II BC; PTS, phosphotransferase system.
Bionic Feet

In general, prosthetic feet can be classified in three categories. These are, following the time line: Conventional Feet (CF), Energy-Storing-and-Returning (ESR) feet, and recent socalled ‘bionic’ feet. Research studies have shown enhanced performance properties of ESR feet compared to early CF. However, even with the advanced technology today, none of the ESR feet is capable of significantly reducing energy cost of walking or enhancing amputee’s gait pattern [1]. From the 1990s gradually more attention has been paid to the incorporation of active elements in prosthetics as passive devices are not capable of providing the amputee with sufficient ankle power during gait. Most of these bionic devices are still on research level nowadays but one can expect that they will become available on the market soon. In this paper, the evolution of prosthetic feet over the last two decades is reflected. The importance of mimicking human ankle biomechanics in prosthetic foot design is discussed. Prior work on both objective and subjective evaluation of TT (transtibial = through the lower leg) amputee gait when fitted with different prosthetic feet is reported. Keywordsprosthetic feet, amputee, energy storage, energy return, metabolics,.
FFT-based estimation of large motions in images: A robust gradient-based approach

A fast and robust gradient-based motion estimation technique which operates in the frequency domain is presented. The algorithm combines the natural advantages of a good feature selection offered by gradient-based methods with the robustness and speed provided by FFT-based correlation schemes. Experimentation with real images taken from a popular database showed that, unlike any other Fourier-based techniques, the method was able to estimate translations, arbitrary rotations and scale factors in the range 4–6.
Simulated Global Atmospheric Dust Distribution : Sensitivity to Regional Topography , Geomorphology , and Hydrology

Explaining the observed spatial heterogeneity of global dust emissions is important for understanding the relative role of natural and anthropogenic processes in the present day dust emissions, and thus for predicting future trends in dust production. We identify three related geomorphologic and hydrologic constraints which may contribute to this heterogeneity. Using the global Dust Entrainment and Deposition (DEAD) model (Zender et al., 2002), we investigate the implications of each process relative to a control simulation with no imposed spatial heterogeneity. We show that Aeolian erosion appears linked to regional surface geomorphology and runoff on large spatial scales. Satellite observations show that persistent maxima in the observed mineral aerosol distribution are associated with topographic basins where loose alluvial sediments may accumulate (Prospero et al., 2002). These sediments may be responsible for greater dust emission efficiencies (i.e., erodibility) than otherwise comparable locations which lack hydrologically disturbed/renewed sediments. Dust models which attempt to account for sediment-rich source regions succeed in reproducing significant spatial features of the dust distribution (Ginoux et al., 2001; Zender et al., 2002). However, the extent to which parameterizations of source efficiency are required to explain the observed dust record, and the physical basis of such parameterizations, have not yet been adequately investigated. Dust emissions are directly related to wind speed, atmospheric stability, surface roughness, vegetative cover, gross soil texture, and soil moisture. In addition, emissions show large variations attributable to other soil characteristics such as parent soil (saltator) texture, fine particle aggregation, soil modulus of rupture, and degree of disturbance. The second group of properties are related to current and past hydrologic activity because precipitation and surface runoff in and upstream of dust sources are linked to local soil abundance, size, chemical properties, and disturbance history. We quantify the dust source efficiency as the ratio of actual vertical dust mass flux to the mass flux mobilized from an idealized surface in the absence of regional geographic influences. Thus is intended to represent the influence of regional topography, geomorphology, and hydrology on dust emissions. If regional geomorphologic and hydrologic processes are unimportant in explaining present day dust emissions, then global simulations using should perform no worse than simulations which account for regional heterogeneity.
L’entraide en institution pour personnes en situation de handicap mental : d’une recherche-action à un modèle d’analyse

Le but de cette recherche-action, realisee aupres de professionnels travaillant dans un foyer socio-educatif pour personnes en situation de handicap, etait d’identifier les pratiques de l’entraide, de les theoriser et de developper un dispositif de formation. La demarche methodologique inductive a consiste a collecter des exemples d’entraide pour les analyser et theoriser la notion d’entraide. Par la confrontation de ces exemples, huit elements de definition de l’entraide, situes aux niveaux micro-, meso- ou macro-social, ont ete identifies. L’approche « situee » de l’entraide ainsi degagee montre la necessite de considerer toute activite d’entraide en contexte. Au plan pratique, cette approche entend fournir aux professionnels les moyens d’analyser leurs pratiques et de faire face a la part d’improvisation propre a tout metier.
Gastrointestinal Endogenous Proteins as a Source of Bioactive Peptides - An In Silico Study

Dietary proteins are known to contain bioactive peptides that are released during digestion. Endogenous proteins secreted into the gastrointestinal tract represent a quantitatively greater supply of protein to the gut lumen than those of dietary origin. Many of these endogenous proteins are digested in the gastrointestinal tract but the possibility that these are also a source of bioactive peptides has not been considered. An in silico prediction method was used to test if bioactive peptides could be derived from the gastrointestinal digestion of gut endogenous proteins. Twenty six gut endogenous proteins and seven dietary proteins were evaluated. The peptides present after gastric and intestinal digestion were predicted based on the amino acid sequence of the proteins and the known specificities of the major gastrointestinal proteases. The predicted resultant peptides possessing amino acid sequences identical to those of known bioactive peptides were identified. After gastrointestinal digestion (based on the in silico simulation), the total number of bioactive peptides predicted to be released ranged from 1 (gliadin) to 55 (myosin) for the selected dietary proteins and from 1 (secretin) to 39 (mucin-5AC) for the selected gut endogenous proteins. Within the intact proteins and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptide sequences were the most frequently observed in both the dietary and endogenous proteins. Among the dietary proteins, after in silico simulated gastrointestinal digestion, myosin was found to have the highest number of ACE-inhibitory peptide sequences (49 peptides), while for the gut endogenous proteins, mucin-5AC had the greatest number of ACE-inhibitory peptide sequences (38 peptides). Gut endogenous proteins may be an important source of bioactive peptides in the gut particularly since gut endogenous proteins represent a quantitatively large and consistent source of protein.
Adaptive transmitter load size using receiver harvested energy prediction by Kalman filter

Assuming a point-to-point communication between wireless nodes that harvest ambient energy for operation, this work presents a method that uses a Kalman filter to predict the receiver state of charge. This prediction is performed at the transmitter in order to dynamically adjust the number of bits to be sent so as to avoid data loss due to potential receiver battery depletion. Our simulations, using both a simulated and an actual energy profile, show efficient prediction par the Kalman filter and improved transmission efficiency in terms of the number of time slots needed to transmit a given payload.
A Keyword Searching Algorithm For Search Engines

Search engines prominently use inverted indexing technique to locate the Web pages having the keyword contained in the users query. The performance of inverted index, fundamentally, depends upon the searching of keyword in the list maintained by search engines. This paper presents a new technique for keyword searching. It uses a trie data structure to index the keyword up to a certain optimum level. While searching a keyword, this index is used to get two offset values, in constant amount of time for every keyword, within which the keyword might lie. Using the two offsets, a binary search is initiated to locate the keyword in the list, and hence the Web pages containing the keyword. Research shows that subsequently increasing the levels of trie will increase the performance of retrieval but also increase the required memory. It also shows that on an average with indexing up to level 2 requires 56% less number of comparisons, as required by binary search, to search a keyword in the list.
Photoacoustic phase shift as a chemically selective spectroscopic parameter

The phase information obtained in photoacoustic experiments can be used to separate the signals originating from chemical species with overlapping absorption spectra. This approach was applied to quantify parts per million CO levels in propylene using quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy and a quantum cascade laser as an excitation source. The experimental data were used to evaluate V –T relaxation rates of CO and N 2 O in propylene. Ultrasensitive chemical analysis of compounds in the gas phase based on molecular absorption in the mid-IR region is a well-established approach. A number of techniques have been developed to measure absorption coefficients as low as α = 10 −9 cm −1 or less, allowing in some cases quantification of chemical species at pptv concentration levels. However, absorption-based spectro-scopic methods have certain limitations. The availability of isolated absorption lines without significant background is an essential condition for high chemical selectivity and sensitivity of absorption spectroscopy. This requirement can usually be satisfied for simple molecules (5 atoms) but not for more complex organic compounds where a high density of vibrational states and line broadening often result in structured continuum absorption over a wide spectral region. In such cases, the detection of impurities for which the absorption lines are imbedded in the continuum of the major constituent is problematical. Then the knowledge of optical absorption is not sufficient, and additional parameters are necessary to ensure chemically selective concentration measurements. A similar problem occurs in micro-scopy of biological objects, where optical density alone can not reveal details of chemical composition. One of the techniques used to obtain more informative images is fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) [1]. The fluores-cence lifetime can be derived either from the decay curve following the excitation pulse, or from the fluorescence intensity phase shift with respect to harmonically modulated excitation. In a conceptually similar manner, the relaxation rate of optically excited molecular vibrations can be used to enhance chemical selec-tivity of IR measurements. As was first pointed out by G. Gorelik in 1946 [2], the phase shift of the photoacoustic response (usually called " optoacoustic " , or " optic acoustic " in earlier publications) to the modulated excitation can be used as a means to measure the V – T relaxation rate. In the case of a two-level molecular system the photoacous-tic phase lag θ is determined by: tan θ = ωτ (C tr /C 0) (1) where ω is the …
Global Output Stability for Systems Described by Retarded Functional Differential Equations: Lyapunov Characterizations

In this work characterizations of internal notions of output stability for uncertain time-varying systems described by retarded functional differential equations are provided. Particularly, characterizations by means of Lyapunov functionals of uniform and non-uniform in time Robust Global Asymptotic Output Stability are given. The results of this work have been developed for systems with outputs in abstract normed linear spaces in order to allow outputs with no delay, with discrete or distributed delay or functional outputs with memory.