Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lightweight face liveness detection method based on 32×24 thermal imaging images and ShuffleNet

This paper aims to solve the problem of deploying face liveness detection methods on mobile terminals with low computing resources. A lightweight face liveness detection method based on 32 × 24 thermal imaging images and ShuffleNet is proposed. This method can be deployed on mobile devices with low computing resources on the premise of ensuring detection accuracy. In addition, this paper also proposes an optimization strategy, which can completely eliminate the situation that the fake face is misidentified as a real face, and at the same time control the probability of the real face misidentified as a fake face at a very low level. The experimental results show that the proposed method has high practical value.
Compact Multiservice Antenna for Sensing and Communication Using Reconfigurable Complementary Spiral Resonator

In this article, a compact multiservice antenna (MSA) is presented for sensing and communication using a reconfigurable complementary spiral resonator. A three turns complementary spiral resonator (3-CSR) is inserted in the ground plane of a modified patch antenna to create a miniaturized structure. Two positive-intrinsic-negative (p-i-n) diodes (D1 and D2) are also integrated with the 3-CSR to achieve frequency reconfiguration. The proposed structure operates in three different modes, i.e., dual-band joint communication and sensing antenna (JCASA), dual-band antenna, and single-band antenna. The required mode can be selected by changing the state of the p-i-n diodes. In mode-1, the first band (0.95–0.97 GHz) of the antenna is dedicated to sensing by using frequency-domain reflectometry (FDR), while the second band (1.53–1.56 GHz) is allocated to communication. The sensing ability of the proposed structure is utilized to measure soil moisture using FDR. Based on the frequency shift, the permittivity of the soil is observed to measure soil moisture. In mode-2 and mode-3, the structure operates as a standard dual- and single-band antenna, respectively, with a maximum gain of 1.5 dBi at 1.55 GHz. The proposed planar structure, with its simple geometry and a high sensitivity of 1.7%, is a suitable candidate for precision farming. The proposed structure is versatile and capable of being utilized as a single- or dual-band antenna and also measuring the permittivity of materials within the range of 1–20. Hence, it is adaptable to a range of applications.
A Hybrid-fed Dual-polarized Patch Antenna with Metasurface Coverage for 5G Applications

|A hybrid-fed dual-polarized antenna with matesurface coverage is proposed in this paper, which can be used for 5G mobile communication base station antennas. By placing the two feeding ports on diﬀerent layers of dielectric plates in an orthogonal manner, and using electromagnetic coupling and slit coupling for feeding respectively, the antenna can achieve inter-port isolation higher than 35 dB in the operating frequency band. In order to widen the bandwidth and obtain higher gain, the metasurface covering unit is loaded above the patch. The metasurface layer contains an array of 5 (cid:2) 5 square patch units printed on the top surface of the dielectric plate. The measurement results show that the proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 12% (3.24 to 3.66 GHz). In addition, the antenna obtains a stable gain of about 5.32 dBi at 3.5 GHz. The proposed antenna meets all the requirements of base station antennas and can be a promising candidate for application in 5G base station systems.
The Georadar in the Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Structures Affected by Corrosion

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a geophysical method that has several applications in the field of civil engineering, one of the largest fields being the evaluation of the technical state of the affected reinforced concrete structures by corrosion. In Cuba, this method has not been widely used as a non destructive test (NDT), largely due to the lack of knowledge of its potential in civil engineering. This article performs a critical analysis of some investigations in which the georadar is applied to evaluate the technical state of tunnels, bridges and buildings. The regulatory framework that protects the use of the georadar as NDT in the world and the applications that it has had so far in Cuba are addressed. The electromagnetic responses of the method to various injuries and causes that cause damage to reinforced concrete such as fractures, cavities, areas of humidity, chloride penetration and corrosion itself are also presented.
The Effect of Thermal Exposure to Carbon Fiber Filament in the Thermoreceptor Area on the Physiological Response of Hypothermic Baby Rabbits

Background: The body has a thermoregulation setting where when it gets hot, the body responds by dilating blood vessels or vasodilation, otherwise it gets a cold response, which causes narrowing of blood vessels or vasoconstriction. The thermal conditioning system is a system that can influence the baby in terms of its thermal quality. So that the baby can feel a comfortable environment or not. Skin temperature is a fundamental factor in heat exchange between the body and its environment. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of thermal exposure to carbon fiber filaments in the thermoreceptor area on the physiological response of hypothermic baby rabbits to changes in body temperature, to analyze the time needed for physiological adaptation of the body’s skin to occur and to analyze the response of the thermoreceptor area on the head, neck, chest, arms, wrists, soles of the feet, to changes in each local area of the body. Methods: The research method used is pure experimental or laboratory experimental, with a post-test only control group design approach that uses experimental animals as experimental objects. The treatment in this study was using baby rabbits. The Sampling of test animals was carried out using simple random sampling. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20. The confidence level was set at 95% by one way ANOVA test. Results: The results showed that the response of the thermoreceptor area to thermal exposure on the neck was the highest with an average of 39.77’. Conclusion: Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that there was an effect of thermal exposure to carbon fiber filaments in the thermoreceptor area on the physiological response of hypothermic baby rabbit models to changes in body temperature.
Noninvasive Hemoglobin Measurements With Photoplethysmography in Wrist

This paper describes the application of multiwavelength photoplethysmography (MW-PPG) in reflectance mode for noninvasive measurements of total hemoglobin concentration. Consumer wrist-wearable devices (smartwatches, wristbands) typically contain a photoplethysmography sensor operating in reflectance mode, as opposed to clinical pulse-oximetry sensors operating in transmittance mode. We assume that the generally accepted approach to the analysis of the transmittance-mode MW-PPG signal, based on the direct implementation of the Beer-Lambert law, is not applicable to the analysis of reflectance-mode MW-PPG signals. We propose that the shape of the MW-PPG signal carries information regarding the distribution of optical paths at different wavelengths within the tissue, which is crucial for the correct estimation of the absorption of light in the probe volume. We have developed and tested several machine-learning algorithms to analyze the reflectance-mode MW-PPG signal and to estimate the total hemoglobin concentration based on this analysis. To train and validate the algorithms, we collected a dataset of 840 MW-PPG signals measured from 170 volunteers by using a wrist-wearable PPG sensor. Three reference devices were used to label the data and test the performance of the developed algorithms: an invasive laboratory blood test, minimally invasive HemoCue Hb 201+, and noninvasive Masimo Radical-7 transmittance mode pulse-oximeter. The best performance achieved with the developed algorithm, mean absolute error MAE $\approx 12.6\pm $ 1.7 g/L and correlation coefficient R $\approx 0.66\pm $ 0.09, is comparable with the performance of the clinical noninvasive device.
Stochastic Spline Functions with Unequal Time Steps

A piece-wise quadratic spline is introduced as a time series coming with unequal time steps, and where the second derivative of the spline at the junction points is impacted by random Brownian motion. A measurement error is also introduced, and this changes the spline into semi-parametric regression. This makes a total of two dispersion parameters to be estimated by a proposed REML analysis that unitizes the K-matrix. The spline itself only has three location effects that are treated as fixed, and must be estimated. A proposed prediction of a future observation beyond the spline’s end point is presented, coming with a prediction error variance.
Top quark physics as a prime application of automated higher-order corrections.

Experiments in high energy physics have reached an unprecedented accuracy. This accuracy has to be matched by the theoretical predictions used to search for new physics. For this purpose, sophisticated computer programs are necessary, both for the calculation of matrix elements (tree-level and loop) and in the field of Monte-Carlo event generation. The hadronic initial state at the LHC poses signifcant challenges for measurement and simulation. A future lepton collider, like the proposed international linear collider (ILC) in Japan or compact linear collider (CLIC) at CERN would have a much cleaner initial state. Such a machine would achieve an even higher precision. In the field of lepton colliders, the Whizard event generator has been established as the program of choice due to its unique treatment of beam structure functions and initial-state radiation. In this thesis, we present the extension of Whizard to next-to-leading order accuracy, thus augmenting it to the state of the art. We use the Frixione-Kunszt-Signer (FKS) subtraction scheme to subtract divergences, of which a detailed outline is given. This new functionality is used to perform in-depth studies of the top quark. Being the heaviest particle in the standard model, its strong connection to the Higgs sector as well as its abundant production at a future lepton collider makes it an excellent object of study. Yet, its lifetime is very short and high-multiplicity final-states of its decay products are decayed in the detector. This thesis investigates the influence of NLO QCD corrections to the fully off-shell top production processes ee → μνμeν̄ebb̄ and ee → μνμeν̄ebb̄H. These calcuations have not been performed for the first time. Moreover, the incorporation of NLO QCD corrections into the resummation of the top production threshold and its matching to the relativistic continuum for the process ee → bWb̄W. All results are obtained with Whizard interfaced to the matrix-element generator OpenLoops.
Synchronous Operation of High-Frequency Inductive Power Transfer Systems Through Injection Locking

High-frequency inductive power transfer systems can be designed for operation with high tolerance to misalignment and large air-gaps, making it possible to operate in highly dynamic environments. Most examples in the literature use a single active transmitter and a single passive receiver (active–passive approach). Such systems are limited to unidirectional power flow and are susceptible to detuning of the transmitter due to changes of reflected reactance stemming from diode nonlinearities. This also limits the range of coupling over which the system can be operated efficiently. Therefore, there is a significant potential for expanding the range of applications of inductive power transfer systems by moving to an active–active configuration. This will enable bidirectional power flow, power routing through several nodes, and on-the-fly retuning to eliminate reflected reactances. One of the greatest challenges in achieving an active secondary in an inductive power transfer (IPT) system is obtaining a stable frequency and phase reference for the synchronous rectifier/transceiver with respect to the transmitter coil current and, hence, the magnetic field. Various methods for synchronization have been proposed in the literature, but they either require a separate, out-of-band communication link, or are difficult to scale to MHz operation. This article describes an alternative to the existing solutions, using an injection-locked oscillator to provide optimal phase tracking. A series of candidate feedback configurations are also proposed to provide high system resilience. In this work, the basic principles of injection locking are described as applied to synchronous IPT transceivers, and the experimental results are presented demonstrating its application to a bidirectional back-to-back Class-EF configuration operating at 13.56 MHz, with coupling factors ranging from 1.9% to 8.4% and power levels of up to 25 W.
The Efficiency of Transfer Learning and Data Augmentation in Lemon Leaf Image Classification

Leaf diseases in trees and plants are important factors that directly affect the yield of agricultural products. This problem may cause a decrease in the production capacity and profitability of farmers. For this reason, computer-aided detection and classification systems are needed to accurately detect plant diseases. In recent years, learning algorithms and image-processing techniques have been used effectively in the agricultural sector. In this study, the efficiency of transfer learning and data augmentation methods on a dataset consisting of lemon leaf images is examined and the classification of diseased and healthy lemon leaf images is performed. In our study, VGG16, ResNet50, and DenseNet201 transfer learning methods were applied both with and without data increment, and the effect of data augmentation on performance was evaluated. Among the deep transfer learning methods used, DenseNet201 gave the highest accuracy rate with 98.29%. This study shows that transfer learning methods can effectively distinguish between diseased and healthy lemon leaves. It has also been observed that data augmentation does not always provide performance improvement. In future studies, it is predicted that it will be appropriate to evaluate the effect of data augmentation more effectively by applying deep transfer learning methods to plants with different class numbers.
Multilevel Fixed-Outline Component Placement and Graph-Based Ball Assignment for System in Package

Due to better performance and lower manufacturing cost, system in package (SiP) has attracted more attention in recent years. Fixed-outline component placement and ball assignment are the most important stages for an SiP design; however, they are still manually performed by experienced engineers nowadays. To speed up runtime and get better quality, this article proposes an efficient and effective two-stage approach to handle them. Our multilevel placement algorithm explores possible distributions of components over a placement region by the branch-and-bound (B&B) partitioning algorithm before they are legalized by the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm. Unlike previous methods which can only handle a limited number of components, our approach can easily get a feasible solution in a fixed-outline for several hundred components. In addition, we propose an iterative approach to assign external nets to solder balls by the graph-based algorithm. To further reduce wirelength and net crossing, a pair-exchange procedure is used to swap used balls with unused balls. The experimental results show that our placement algorithm can get shorter wirelength than IMF and other SA-based algorithm. Moreover, a net crossing number can be greatly reduced by our graph-based ball assignment algorithm than the integer linear programming approach with a little more wirelength.
Closely spaced MIMO antenna based on substrate‐integrated waveguide technology

In this letter, a compact array system for multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) applications is designed, based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. In order to verify the potential of the proposed antenna as a MIMO application, 2 types of 4‐element SIW antenna are placed in a compact space. Four isosceles triangle (type 1) and rectangle (type 2) SIW antennas, consisting of metallic vias at 1 side and slit at the other side, are used as radiating elements. The side‐to‐side distance of the elements is only 0.006 λ0. The peak gain of these patterns is −3 dBi. The envelope correlation coefficient is calculated from the measured 3D patterns and shows good MIMO performance. The proposed antenna achieves both a significant reduction of size and mutual coupling by metallic vias.
Microfluidic Systems for Neural Cell Studies

Whereas the axons of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) spontaneously regenerate after an injury, the occurring regeneration is rarely successful because axons are usually directed by inappropriate cues. Therefore, finding successful ways to guide neurite outgrowth, in vitro, is essential for neurogenesis. Microfluidic systems reflect more appropriately the in vivo environment of cells in tissues such as the normal fluid flow within the body, consistent nutrient delivery, effective waste removal, and mechanical stimulation due to fluid shear forces. At the same time, it has been well reported that topography affects neuronal outgrowth, orientation, and differentiation. In this review, we demonstrate how topography and microfluidic flow affect neuronal behavior, either separately or in synergy, and highlight the efficacy of microfluidic systems in promoting neuronal outgrowth.
Transcriptome analysis of hydrogen inhibits osteoclastogenesis of mouse bone marrow mononuclear cells

Hydrogen (H2) is a major biodegradation product of implanted magnesium (Mg) alloys that are commonly used in the healing of bone fractures. Our earlier study showed that H2 can inhibit mouse bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMC) osteoclastogenesis during the differentiation of these cells into osteoclasts, thereby facilitating fracture healing. However, the way by which H2 inhibits osteoclastogenesis remains to be elucidated. The present study used RNA-sequencing to study the transcriptome of H2-exposed BMMCs in an osteoclast-induced environment and identified the target genes and signaling pathways through which H2 exerts its biological effects. Several upregulated genes were identified: Fos, Dusp1, Cxcl1, Reln, Itga2b, Plin2, Lif, Thbs1, Vegfa and Gadd45a. Several downregulated genes were also revealed: Hspa1b, Gm4951, F830016B08Rik, Fads2, Hspa1a, Slc27a6, Cacna1b, Scd2, Lama3 and Col4a5. These differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in osteoclast differentiation cascades, as well as PI3K-AKT, Forkhead box O (FoxO), MAPK, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), TNF, TGF-β, JAK-STAT, RAS, VEGF, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) and AMPK signaling pathways. In summary, the present study revealed the key genes and signaling pathways involved in the H2-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the significance of H2 and an experimental basis for the application of Mg alloys in the treatment of osteoporosis.
A survey on maximal green sequences

Maximal green sequences appear in the study of Fomin-Zelevinsky's cluster algebras. They are useful for computing refined Donaldson-Thomas invariants, constructing twist automorphisms and proving the existence of theta bases and generic bases. We survey recent progress on their existence and properties and give a representation-theoretic proof of Greg Muller's theorem stating that full subquivers inherit maximal green sequences. In the appendix, Laurent Demonet describes maximal chains of torsion classes in terms of bricks generalizing a theorem by Igusa.
Research on trash detection based on instance segmentation

An improved hybrid task cascade (HTC) network for a multi-scale trash instance segmentation detection method is proposed to address the problems of ambiguous feature representation and low utilization of feature information in instance segmentation-based trash detection methods. First, multi-scale convolution is introduced in the backbone network based on the HTC network model to improve the backbone network's feature extraction capability for different sizes of trash. Second, improve the feature pyramid network structure by performing feature rescaling on feature channels based on the feature pyramid network, so that the network creates interactions across channels that do not change the spatial information, with the goal of reducing the influence of less important factors while using fewer parameters to achieve the best recognition degree. The experimental results show that the improved HTC network model can achieve robust trash feature extraction, improve detection performance, and significantly improve trash detection accuracy.
Involutions in split semi‐quaternions

A map is an involution (resp, anti‐involution) if it is a self‐inverse homomorphism (resp, antihomomorphism) of a field algebra. The main purpose of this paper is to show how split semi‐quaternions can be used to express half‐turn planar rotations in 3‐dimensional Euclidean space R3 and how they can be used to express hyperbolic‐isoclinic rotations in 4‐dimensional semi‐Euclidean space R3,1 . We present an involution and an anti‐involution map using split semi‐quaternions and give their geometric interpretations as half‐turn planar rotations in R3 . Also, we give the geometric interpretation of nonpure unit split semi‐quaternions, which are in the form p = coshθ + sinhθi + 0j + 0k = coshθ + sinhθi, as hyperbolic‐isoclinic rotations in R3,1 .
A Comprehensive Review of the Recent Development of Wireless Power Transfer Technologies for Electric Vehicle Charging Systems

The expanding Electric vehicle (EV) market is fueled by the need for more efficient and dependable ways to recharge the battery. By eradicating the necessity for direct physical interaction between vehicles and charge equipment, the Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) methodology eliminates the drawbacks and risks associated with the conventional conductive system. The innovative WPT technique replaces the conductive charging system to keep a similar power rating and efficiency. Numerous strategies have been created to improve the effectiveness and dependability of the WPT model. As a result, this review article thoroughly analyses current major research literatures that describe WPT technologies for EV charging. The papers are classified based on various coupling types along with magnetic couplers and shielding, compensation, misalignment tolerance and control methods in WPT systems. In addition, the possible research gaps and the challenges associated with the existing works of WPT systems are discussed. The reviewed results are analyzed based on performance metrics and implementation tools attained using above classifications and EMF exposure references employed in the WPT system. The comparative effectiveness is presented in the tables, diagrams, as well as interconnections for ease of presentation and conceptual understanding. The core asset of this article lies in the fact that the findings offer a good “one-stop” resource including both aspects of the system and with regard to the power stage. This review article also emphasizes the potential and obstacles of inductive wireless EV battery chargers. A developer can find this study will contribute substantially to selecting an optimum design for the enhancement of the WPT system.