Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevention Health Care Quality in America: Findings From the First National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Reports

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) released in December 2003 the first National Healthcare Quality Report (NHQR) and National Healthcare Disparities Report (NHDR) on behalf of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1,2). In this commentary, we summarize the main findings of the reports on preventive care for both primary prevention of disease and secondary prevention of increasing acuity of existing disease and discuss the implications for quality measurement and improvement efforts. Federal partners within the U.S. health care system have recently focused on increasing the use of preventive care services. Tommy G. Thompson, Secretary of Health and Human Services, issued a challenge in April 2003 at the launch of the Steps to a HealthierUS national initiative: "Approximately 95% of the $1.4 trillion that we spend as a nation on health goes to direct medical services, while approximately 5% is allocated to preventing disease and promoting health. This approach is equivalent to waiting for your car to break down before you take it in for maintenance. By changing the way we view our health, the Steps initiative helps move us from a disease care system to a true health care system. " (3) Good quality preventive care holds the promise of greatly reducing the nation’s health care costs and overall burden of disease. Numerous studies and reports have examined the general quality of preventive care services in the United States (4-7). Others have explored the performance of the U.S. health care system in delivering specific preventive care services such as immunizations (8,9), cancer screening (10-12), and cholesterol and blood pressure screening (13-15). The NHQR and NHDR provide the first national baseline views of the quality of health care services and of differences in how at-risk groups in America use the services. The reports provide one of the broadest examinations to date of prevention health care quality for the nation and among key priority populations, measuring quality of care across a range of dimensions, including the degree to which care is safe, patient centered, timely, and effectively delivered. They track more than 50 primary and secondary prevention quality-of-care measures in five clinical areas, including cancer, diabetes, heart disease, maternal and child health, and respiratory disease.
ON THE FINDABILITY OF GENOTYPES

Can we define a measure that describes how easy or difficult it is for a population to evolve to a specific genotype? For populations evolving under weak mutation on a time‐invariant fitness landscape, I argue that one appropriate measure is the expected waiting time, starting from equilibrium, for a population to become fixed for a given genotype. Under this definition for the “findability” of genotypes, I show that for any pair of genotypes (1) a population at equilibrium is always more likely to fix at the more findable before the less findable genotype and (2) the expected time to evolve from the more findable to the less findable genotype is always greater that the expected time to evolve in the opposite direction. Although increasing the fitness of a genotype always increases its findability, in general there is no simple relationship between the rank ordering of genotypes by fitness and the rank ordering of genotypes by findability. I also present a method for quantifying the relative contributions of mutation, selection, substitution rate, and probability of reversion to a genotype's findability.
The Redox Function of APE1 Is Involved in the Differentiation Process of Stem Cells toward a Neuronal Cell Fate

Low-to-moderate levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) govern different steps of neurogenesis via molecular pathways that have been decrypted only partially. Although it has been postulated that redox-sensitive molecules are involved in neuronal differentiation, the molecular bases for this process have not been elucidated yet. The aim of this work was therefore to study the role played by the redox-sensitive, multifunctional protein APE1/Ref-1 (APE1) in the differentiation process of human adipose tissue-derived multipotent adult stem cells (hAT-MASC) and embryonic carcinoma stem cells (EC) towards a neuronal phenotype. Methods and results: Applying a definite protocol, hAT-MASC can adopt a neural fate. During this maturation process, differentiating cells significantly increase their intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels and increase the APE1 nuclear fraction bound to chromatin. This latter event is paralleled by the increase of nuclear NF-κB, a transcription factor regulated by APE1 in a redox-dependent fashion. Importantly, the addition of the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) to the differentiation medium partially prevents the nuclear accumulation of APE1, increasing the neuronal differentiation of hAT-MASC. To investigate the involvement of APE1 in the differentiation process, we employed E3330, a specific inhibitor of the APE1 redox function. The addition of E3330, either to the neurogenic embryonic carcinoma cell line NT2-D1or to hAT-MASC, increases the differentiation of stem cells towards a neural phenotype, biasing the differentiation towards specific subtypes, such as dopaminergic cells. In conclusion, during the differentiation process of stem cells towards a neuroectodermic phenotype, APE1 is recruited, in a ROS-dependent manner, to the chromatin. This event is associated with an inhibitory effect of APE1 on neurogenesis that may be reversed by E3330. Therefore, E3330 may be employed both to boost neural differentiation and to bias the differentiation potential of stem cells towards specific neuronal subtypes. These findings provide a molecular basis for the redox-mediated hypothesis of neuronal differentiation program.
A Tool for Statistical Analysis on Network Big Data

Due to advances in parallel file systems for big data (i.e. HDFS) and larger capacity hardware (multicore CPUs, large RAM) it is now feasible to manage and query network data in a parallel DBMS supporting SQL, but performing statistical analysis remains a challenge.On the statistics side, the R language is popular, but it presents important limitations: R is limited by main memory, R works in a different address space from query processing, R cannot analyze large disk-resident data sets efficiently, and R has no data management capabilities. Moreover, some R libraries allow R to work in parallel, but without data management capabilities. Considering the challenges and limitations described above, we present a system that allows combining SQL queries and R functions in a seamless manner. We justify a parallel DBMS and the R runtime are two different systems that benefit from a low-level integration. Our parallel DBMS is built on top of HDFS, programmed in Java and C++, with a flexible scale out architecture, whereas R is programmed purely in C. The user or developer can make calls in both directions: (1) R calling SQL, to evaluate analytic queries or retrieve data from materialized views (transferring result tables in RAM in a streaming fashion and analyzing them in R), and vice-versa (2) SQL calling R, allowing SQL to convert relational tables to matrices or vectors and making complex computations on them. We give a summary of network monitoring tasks at ATT and present specific programming examples, showing language calls in both directions (i.e. R calls SQL, SQL calls R).
Inpatient hospitalization and intimate partner violence: Who are we treating?

BACKGROUND The majority of research into health care use of intimate partner violence (IPV) has focused on female victims and primarily their emergency department use. There are limited data on injury-related hospitalization rates for female victims and even less for male victims and perpetrators. The goal of this study was to determine the annualized rates of inpatient injury-related hospitalization among individuals involved as either victims or defendants in IPV. METHODS This was an observational retrospective study linking data from two Level 1 trauma centers and the county prosecutor’s office from 2000 to 2010 in Kalamazoo County, Michigan. (1) Hospital data included injury-related admissions (DRG International Classification of Diseases—9th Rev. codes 800–959.9 excluding 905–909.9). (2) Prosecutor data contained all charging requests for crimes between intimate partners. Annualized rates were calculated for the year before the IPV crime and for the year after, using the following algorithm: (number of hospitalizations) / (total population) × (per 10,000). Confidence intervals and two-sided statistical significance were calculated at the 95% confidence level. RESULTS During the study period, 21,179 IPV crimes were committed, involving 12,913 individual defendants and 14,797 victims. There were 30,301 injury-related hospitalizations by this group during this period. Compared with national hospitalization rates of 3.2 per 10,000 people for injury/poisoning (DRG International Classification of Diseases—9th Rev. 800–959.9 and 990–995), IPV victim annual admission rates were 31.9, defendants at 90.4, and bidirectional individuals at 339.1 per 10,000 people, in the 2 years surrounding the crime. Males, regardless of crime role, have higher injury-related hospitalization rates in this period compared with females (male, 115.6; female, 41.8). Males (victims or defendants) and bidirectional participants of either sex had rates that were significantly higher the year after than the year before the crime. CONCLUSION Individuals involved in IPV have a 10-fold higher injury-related hospitalization rate as compared with age-matched national rates. Admission rates vary by sex, crime role, and time frame, with males and bidirectional participants having the highest rates. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiological study, level III.
TREATING CONDUCT‐DISORDERED ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS BY WORKING WITH THE PARENTS

A method of therapy for families with an acting out adolescent or young adult is presented, as is a rationale for the method. The aim of the approach is to alter the underlying problem of immaturity that is hypothesized to exist in these families. Emphasis is placed on working with the parents in a systematic way over an extended period of time. As progress is made by the parents, an emotional crisis is created in the adolescent that can then be used by him as the basis for extensive change. The therapy of the parents proceeds in phases: 1) preparation for a long-term effort; 2) rethinking and objectively evaluating the nature of the relationship with the adolescent in specific areas; 3) translation of the newly gained perspective into action positions vis-a-vis the adolescent; and 4) non-child-focused therapy.
Simple mechanical control systems with constraints

We apply some recently developed control theoretic techniques to the analysis of a class of mechanical systems with constraints. Certain simple aspects of the theory of affine connections play an important part in our presentation. The necessary background is presented in order to illustrate how the methods may be applied. The bulk of this paper is devoted to a detailed analysis of some examples of nonholonomic mechanical control systems. We look at the Heisenberg system, the upright rolling disk, the roller racer, and the snakeboard.
A workplace health promotion application of the Precede-Proceed model in a regional and remote mining company in Whyalla, South Australia

Purpose – Workplace health promotion enables the dissemination of health-related information to a large portion of society and provides a vehicle for translating results of efficacy studies to effective lifestyle interventions under less controlled real-world conditions. To achieve effectiveness there needs to be a systematic approach to the design, implementation, and evaluation of workplace health promotion interventions. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a workplace programme in a mining and steel making town in regional South Australia. Design/methodology/approach – The Precede-Proceed model (PPM) was used as a framework to design the development, implementation, and evaluation of the programme. Findings – Quality of life issues and antecedents of modifiable behavioural and environmental factors to be targeted by interventions were identified. Relevant socio-behavioural theories were used to guide intervention development and evaluation. An intervention programme was planned .
Using Psychological Skills Training to Develop Soccer Performance

The present study examined the effects of a soccer, midfielder-specific psychological skills intervention comprising relaxation, imagery and self-talk on position-specific performance measures. Using a multiple-baseline-across-individuals design, five participants had three per-formance subcomponents assessed across nine competitive matches. The results of the study indicated the position-specific intervention to enable at least small improvements on the three dependent variables for each participant. Social validation data indicated all participants to perceive the intervention as being successful and appropriate to their needs. The findings provide further evidence to suggest the efficacy of sport, and position-specific interventions. Suggestions for future research are provided.
Whippletree

In this paper, we present Whippletree, a novel approach to scheduling dynamic, irregular workloads on the GPU. We introduce a new programming model which offers the simplicity and expressiveness of task-based parallelism while retaining all aspects of the multi-level execution hierarchy essential to unlocking the full potential of a modern GPU. At the same time, our programming model lends itself to efficient implementation on the SIMD-based architecture typical of a current GPU. We demonstrate the practical utility of our model by providing a reference implementation on top of current CUDA hardware. Furthermore, we show that our model compares favorably to traditional approaches in terms of both performance as well as the range of applications that can be covered. We demonstrate the benefits of our model for recursive Reyes rendering, procedural geometry generation and volume rendering with concurrent irradiance caching.
The Fusarium oxysporum gnt2, Encoding a Putative N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase, Is Involved in Cell Wall Architecture and Virulence

With the aim to decipher the molecular dialogue and cross talk between Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersci and its host during infection and to understand the molecular bases that govern fungal pathogenicity, we analysed genes presumably encoding N-acetylglucosaminyl transferases, involved in glycosylation of glycoproteins, glycolipids, proteoglycans or small molecule acceptors in other microorganisms. In silico analysis revealed the existence of seven putative N-glycosyl transferase encoding genes (named gnt) in F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici genome. gnt2 deletion mutants showed a dramatic reduction in virulence on both plant and animal hosts. Δgnt2 mutants had αalterations in cell wall properties related to terminal αor β-linked N-acetyl glucosamine. Mutant conidia and germlings also showed differences in structure and physicochemical surface properties. Conidial and hyphal aggregation differed between the mutant and wild type strains, in a pH independent manner. Transmission electron micrographs of germlings showed strong cell-to-cell adherence and the presence of an extracellular chemical matrix. Δgnt2 cell walls presented a significant reduction in N-linked oligosaccharides, suggesting the involvement of Gnt2 in N-glycosylation of cell wall proteins. Gnt2 was localized in Golgi-like sub-cellular compartments as determined by fluorescence microscopy of GFP::Gnt2 fusion protein after treatment with the antibiotic brefeldin A or by staining with fluorescent sphingolipid BODIPY-TR ceramide. Furthermore, density gradient ultracentrifugation allowed co-localization of GFP::Gnt2 fusion protein and Vps10p in subcellular fractions enriched in Golgi specific enzymatic activities. Our results suggest that N-acetylglucosaminyl transferases are key components for cell wall structure and influence interactions of F. oxysporum with both plant and animal hosts during pathogenicity.
How LO can You GO? Using the Dice-Based Golf Game GOLO to Illustrate Inferences on Proportions and Discrete Probability Distributions

This paper describes an interactive activity that revolves around the dice-based golf game GOLO. The GOLO game can be purchased at various retail locations or online at igolo.com. In addition, the game may be played online free of charge at igolo.com. The activity is completed in four parts. The four parts can be used in a sequence or they can be used individually. Part 1 illustrates the binomial distribution. Part 2 illustrates the sampling distribution of the sample proportion. Part 3 illustrates confidence intervals for a population proportion. Part 4 illustrates hypothesis tests for a population proportion. Extensions of the activity can be used to illustrate discrete probability distributions (including the geometric, hypergeometric, and negative binomial) and the distribution of the first order statistic. The activity can be used in an AP statistics course or an introductory undergraduate statistics course. The extensions of the activity can be used in an intermediate undergraduate statistics course or a mathematical statistics course. Each extension is self-contained and can be carried out without having worked through other extensions or any of the four parts of the main activity.
An Empirical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Attack Graphs and Fault Trees in Cyber-Attack Perception

Perceiving and understanding cyber-attacks can be a difficult task. This problem is widely recognized and well-documented, and more effective techniques are needed to aid cyber-attack perception. Attack modeling techniques (AMTs), such as attack graphs and fault trees, are useful visual aids that can aid cyber-attack perception; however, there is little empirical or comparative research which evaluates the effectiveness of these methods. This paper reports the results of an empirical evaluation between an adapted attack graph method and the fault tree standard to determine which of the two methods is more effective in aiding cyber-attack perception. An empirical evaluation (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n=63$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) was conducted through a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3 \times 2 \times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> factorial design. Participants from computer-science and non-computer-science backgrounds were divided into an adapted attack graph and fault tree group and then asked to complete three tests which tested the ability to recall, comprehend, and apply the AMT. A mean assessment score (<italic>mas</italic>) was calculated for each test. The results show that the adapted attack graph method is more effective at aiding cyber-attack perception when compared with the fault tree method (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p < 0.01$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Participants that have a computer science background outperformed other participants when using both methods (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p < 0.05$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). These results indicate that the adapted attack graph method can be an effective tool for aiding cyber-attack perception amongst experts. This paper underlines the need for further comparisons in a broader range of settings involving additional techniques, and makes several suggestions for further work.
The Role of Predicates in Opinion Holder Extraction

In this paper, we investigate the role of predicates in opinion holder extraction. We will examine the shape of these predicates, investigate what relationship they bear towards opinion holders, determine what resources are potentially useful for acquiring them, and point out limitations of an opinion holder extraction system based on these predicates. For this study, we will carry out an evaluation on a corpus annotated with opinion holders. Our insights are, in particular, important for situations in which no labeled training data are available and only rule-based methods can be applied.
The Role of c-FLIP in Modulation of CD95-induced Apoptosis*

Upon stimulation, CD95 (APO-1/Fas) recruits the adapter molecule Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD)/MORT1 and caspase-8 (FADD-like interleukin-1β-converting enzyme (FLICE)/MACH/MCH5) into the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). Recently, a molecule with sequence homology to caspase-8 was identified, termed cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP). c-FLIP has been controversially reported to possess apoptosis-promoting and -inhibiting functions. Using c-FLIP-specific monoclonal antibodies, we now show that c-FLIP is expressed in two isoforms, both of which, like FADD and caspase-8, are recruited to the CD95 DISC in a stimulation-dependent fashion. In stably transfected BJAB cells, c-FLIP blocks caspase-8 activation at the DISC and thereby inhibits CD95-mediated apoptosis. During this process, both caspase-8 and c-FLIP undergo cleavage between the p18 and p10 subunits, generating two stable intermediates of 43 kDa that stay bound to the DISC. c-FLIP has been suggested to play a role in protecting activated peripheral T cells from CD95-mediated apoptosis (Irmler, M., Thome, M., Hahne, M., Schneider, P., Hofmann, K., Steiner, V., Bodmer, J. L., Schroter, M., Burns, K., Mattmann, C., Rimoldi, D., French, L. E., and Tschopp, J. (1997) Nature 388, 190–195). In contrast to this hypothesis, neither caspase-8 nor c-FLIP were cleaved in these cells, ruling out c-FLIP as the main factor regulating DISC activity. Moreover, recruitment of FADD, caspase-8, and c-FLIP to the DISC was strongly reduced in the apoptosis-resistant but readily detectable in the apoptosis-sensitive T cells.
Code generation for embedded processors

The increasing use of programmable processors as IP blocks in embedded system design creates a need for C/C++ compilers capable of generating efficient machine code. Many of today's compilers for embedded processors suffer from insufficient code quality in terms of code size and performance. This violates the tight chip area and real-time constraints often imposed on embedded systems. The reason is that embedded processors typically show architectural features which are not well handled by classical compiler technology. This paper provides a survey of methods and techniques dedicated to efficient code generation for embedded processors. Emphasis is put on DSP and multimedia processors, for which better compiler technology is definitely required. In addition, some front-end aspects and recent trends in research and industry are briefly covered. The goal of these recent efforts in embedded code generation is to facilitate the step from assembly to high-level language programming of embedded systems, so as to provide higher productivity, dependability and portability of embedded software.
Self-reproducers use contrapuntal means

By evolving self-reproducers, found in two-dimensional Cellular Automata rules, we obtain fractal-like objects. This paper focuses on analyzing the fractal features of different self-reproducers and provides a perspective on how it is possible to translate into music some creative processes self-reproducers show, which are similar to the counterpoint method. Many self-reproducers are tied together and combined to imitate or respond to the rhythm of other self-reproducers, thus realizing the inner beauty of the life-likeartificial shapes.