Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shell Condition and Survival of Puget Sound Pteropods Are Impaired by Ocean Acidification Conditions

We tested whether the thecosome pteropod Limacina helicina from Puget Sound, an urbanized estuary in the northwest continental US, experiences shell dissolution and altered mortality rates when exposed to the high CO2, low aragonite saturation state (Ωa) conditions that occur in Puget Sound and the northeast Pacific Ocean. Five, week-long experiments were conducted in which we incubated pteropods collected from Puget Sound in four carbon chemistry conditions: current summer surface (∼460–500 µatm CO2, Ωa≈1.59), current deep water or surface conditions during upwelling (∼760 and ∼1600–1700 µatm CO2, Ωa≈1.17 and 0.56), and future deep water or surface conditions during upwelling (∼2800–3400 µatm CO2, Ωa≈0.28). We measured shell condition using a scoring regime of five shell characteristics that capture different aspects of shell dissolution. We characterized carbon chemistry conditions in statistical analyses with Ωa, and conducted analyses considering Ωa both as a continuous dataset and as discrete treatments. Shell dissolution increased linearly as aragonite saturation state decreased. Discrete treatment comparisons indicate that shell dissolution was greater in undersaturated treatments compared to oversaturated treatments. Survival increased linearly with aragonite saturation state, though discrete treatment comparisons indicated that survival was similar in all but the lowest saturation state treatment. These results indicate that, under starvation conditions, pteropod survival may not be greatly affected by current and expected near-future aragonite saturation state in the NE Pacific, but shell dissolution may. Given that subsurface waters in Puget Sound’s main basin are undersaturated with respect to aragonite in the winter and can be undersaturated in the summer, the condition and persistence of the species in this estuary warrants further study.
Correlation between SD-OCT, immunocytochemistry and functional findings in an animal model of retinal degeneration

Purpose: The P23H rhodopsin mutation is an autosomal dominant cause of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The degeneration can be tracked using different anatomical and functional methods. In our case, we evaluated the anatomical changes using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) and correlated the findings with retinal thickness values determined by immunocytochemistry.Methods: Pigmented rats heterozygous for the P23H mutation, with ages between P18 and P180 were studied. Function was assessed by means of optomotor testing and ERGs. Retinal thicknesses measurements, autofluorescence and fluorescein angiography were performed using Spectralis OCT. Retinas were studied by means of immunohistochemistry. Results: Between P30 and P180, visual acuity decreased from 0.500 to 0.182 cycles per degree (cyc/deg) and contrast sensitivity decreased from 54.56 to 2.98 for a spatial frequency of 0.089 cyc/deg. Only cone-driven b-wave responses reached developmental maturity. Flicker fusions were also comparable at P29 (42 Hz). Double flash-isolated rod-driven responses were already affected at P29. Photopic responses revealed deterioration after P29.A reduction in retinal thicknesses and morphological modifications were seen in OCT sections. Statistically significant differences were found in all evaluated thicknesses. Autofluorescence was seen in P23H rats as sparse dots. Immunocytochemistry showed a progressive decrease in the outer nuclear layer (ONL), and morphological changes. Although anatomical thickness measures were significantly lower than OCT values, there was a very strong correlation between the values measured by both techniques.Conclusions: In pigmented P23H rats, a progressive deterioration occurs in both retinal function and anatomy. Anatomical changes can be effectively evaluated using SD-OCT and immunocytochemistry, with a good correlation between their values, thus making SD-OCT an important tool for research in retinal degeneration.
Solution to the SLAM Problem in Low Dynamic Environments Using a Pose Graph and an RGB-D Sensor

In this study, we propose a solution to the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem in low dynamic environments by using a pose graph and an RGB-D (red-green-blue depth) sensor. The low dynamic environments refer to situations in which the positions of objects change over long intervals. Therefore, in the low dynamic environments, robots have difficulty recognizing the repositioning of objects unlike in highly dynamic environments in which relatively fast-moving objects can be detected using a variety of moving object detection algorithms. The changes in the environments then cause groups of false loop closing when the same moved objects are observed for a while, which means that conventional SLAM algorithms produce incorrect results. To address this problem, we propose a novel SLAM method that handles low dynamic environments. The proposed method uses a pose graph structure and an RGB-D sensor. First, to prune the falsely grouped constraints efficiently, nodes of the graph, that represent robot poses, are grouped according to the grouping rules with noise covariances. Next, false constraints of the pose graph are pruned according to an error metric based on the grouped nodes. The pose graph structure is reoptimized after eliminating the false information, and the corrected localization and mapping results are obtained. The performance of the method was validated in real experiments using a mobile robot system.
PROXY: A High Cost-Performance Cloud Storage Gateway

Now, the cloud storage gateway system is widely used in enterprise systems, which is viewed as a link between the local storage systems and cloud storage providers. Since the gateway system can simplify the interaction with cloud storage services, while boosting performance and reducing cost, more and more enterprises prefer it as their first choice to use cloud storage services. In this article, we present a distributed cloud storage gateway system with no central node, as called PROXY. Our goal is to build a lightweight system with high cost-performance, which is easy to deploy and scale. We design the architecture of PROXY with efficient message and transfer modules. Also we propose a distributed caching structure in storage nodes and a policy-driven model to make the whole system more cost-effective. A prototype of PROXY is implemented to evaluate the frontend performance and the cost of the system. The evaluation results have shown the excellent cost-performance: Compared to the cloud storage platforms, PROXY achieves an average of 83.21% improvements in cost savings, and shortens the response time by a factor 4 to 40.
Fast Algorithms for Generating Delaunay Interpolation Elements for Domain Decomposition

This work is motivated by the need to pass information eeciently among subdomains when solving partial diierential equations with a domain decomposition approach. Because of ever greater demands for exibility, no restrictive assumptions are made about the grids used to discretize the subdomains. Indeed, the union of all grid eld points is treated as a general collection of points from which information must be interpolated onto a much smaller set of subdomain boundary points. A natural method of interpolation for a given boundary point involves identifying nearby eld points as vertices of an encompassing Delaunay simplex, i.e., a simplex containing the boundary point while its circumsphere contains no eld points. Accordingly, this paper presents methods for rapidly extracting these required interpolation elements from a Delaunay tesselation of eld points without rst constructing a much more costly global tesselation for the entire point set. The methods developed and analyzed have been termed the Shrink Wrap and Oozing Bubble methods. Proofs of convergence are provided for both methods. An example application from computational uid dynamics is presented to demonstrate the use of these methods for hybrid computational grid systems.
Issues of Learning the Browsing Language

The web is pervading all walks of life and its huge increase in information volume has made the web personalization mandatory. Web Personalization may be achieved by web mining especially the web usage mining technique on the surfing behavior. Learning the surfing behavioral pattern has emerged into a promising research area to achieve web personalization. Till recently web usage mining was done on server logs on website visits and was found insufficient. The goal can be further alleviated if the task or mood of surfer is also learnt. Very shortly, a new approach of web usage mining of client or browser logs on website visits to understand the task or mood of surfer have come into view. It will make the prediction of next web pages by a surfer more accurate. Exploration of browsing behavior at browser to understand an intended task or mood of surfer is hereby termed as "Browsing Language" as epitome of body language of any person. This work discusses the issues of web usage mining the client side behavior logs for single website only. Implementation of such a capability into a browser will develop the literature of browsing language and may also reduce the overhead of server in realizing web personalization.
Portrait of a Geothermal Spring, Hunter’s Hot Springs, Oregon

Although alkaline Hunter’s Hot Springs in southeastern Oregon has been studied extensively for over 40 years, most of these studies and the subsequent publications were before the advent of molecular methods. However, there are many field observations and laboratory experiments that reveal the major aspects of the phototrophic species composition within various physical and chemical gradients of these springs. Relatively constant temperature boundaries demark the upper boundary of the unicellular cyanobacterium, Synechococcus at 73–74 °C (the world-wide upper limit for photosynthesis), and 68–70 °C the upper limit for Chloroflexus. The upper limit for the cover of the filamentous cyanobacterium, Geitlerinema (Oscillatoria) is at 54–55 °C, and the in situ lower limit at 47–48 °C for all three of these phototrophs due to the upper temperature limit for the grazing ostracod, Thermopsis. The in situ upper limit for the cyanobacteria Pleurocapsa and Calothrix is at ~47–48 °C, which are more grazer-resistant and grazer dependent. All of these demarcations are easily visible in the field. In addition, there is a biosulfide production in some sections of the springs that have a large impact on the microbiology. Most of the temperature and chemical limits have been explained by field and laboratory experiments.
Lie to Me: Virtual Agents that Lie (Extended Abstract)

In order to deceive, agents need Theory of Mind capabilities (ToM), that is, the capability to model the others, and reason about the consequences of their actions and their implications in them. In this paper we provide a model for deceptive agents that use a theory of mind with N levels. We then present a case study that was used to compare deceptive agents with one level and with two levels of ToM.
Mobile Interactive Support System for Time-Critical Document Exploitation

Computer Assisted Visual Interactive Recognition, or CAVIAR, has proven to be an effective methodology for integrating human and machine expertise in addressing challenging pattern recognition tasks. In this paper, we examine the application of the CAVIAR paradigm to problems arising in real-time document analysis in the field. We identify hurdles we expect to encounter, propose potential solutions, and describe an evaluation framework to help determine whether this is a fruitful line of research.
XMM-Newton observation of Kepler's supernova remnant

We present the first results coming from the observation of Kepler\'s supernova remnant obtained with the EPIC instruments on board the XMM-Newton satellite. We focus on the images and radial profiles of the emission lines (Si K, Fe L, Fe K) and of the high energy continuum. Chiefly, the Fe L and Si K emission-line images are generally consistent with each other and the radial profiles show that the Si K emission extends to a larger radius than the Fe L emission (distinctly in the southern part of the remnant). Therefore, in contrast to Cas A, no inversion of the Si- and Fe-rich ejecta layers is observed in Kepler. Moreover, the Fe K emission peaks at a smaller radius than the Fe L emission, which implies that the temperature increases inwards in the ejecta. The 4-6 keV high energy continuum map shows the same distribution as the asymmetric emission-line images except in the southeast where there is a strong additional emission. A two color image of the 4-6 keV and 8-10 keV high energy continuum illustrates that the hardness variations of the continuum are weak all along the remnant except in a few knots. The asymmetry in the Fe K emission-line is not associated with any asymmetry in the Fe K equivalent width map. The Si K maps lead to the same conclusions. Hence, abundance variations do not cause the north-south brightness asymmetry. The strong emission in the north may be due to overdensities in the circumstellar medium. In the southeastern region of the remnant, the lines have a very low equivalent width and the X-ray emission is largely nonthermal.
Building Interpretable Classifiers with Rules using Bayesian Analysis

We aim to produce predictive models that are not only accurate, but are also interpretable to human experts. Our models are decision lists, which consist of a series of if.then. statements (for example, if high blood pressure, then stroke) that discretize a high-dimensional, multivariate feature space into a series of simple, readily interpretable decision statements. We introduce a generative model called the Bayesian List Machine (BLM), which yields a posterior distribution over possible decision lists. It employs a novel prior structure to encourage sparsity. In terms of predictive accuracy, our experiments show that the Bayesian List Machine is on par with the current top algorithms for prediction in machine learning. Our method is motivated by recent developments in personalized medicine, and can be used to produce highly accurate and interpretable medical scoring systems. We demonstrate this by producing an alternative to the CHADS2 score, actively used in clinical practice for estimating the risk of stroke in patients that have atrial fibrillation. Our model is as interpretable as CHADS2, but more accurate. if total cholesterol ≥160 and smoke then 10 year CHD risk ≥ 5% else if smoke and systolic blood pressure≥140 then 10 year CHD risk ≥ 5% else 10 year CHD risk < 5% Figure 1: Example decision list created using the NHBLI Framingham Heart Study Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) inventory for a 45 year old male.
Understanding Accuracy Performance Through Concept Characterization and Algorithm Analysis

This paper illustrates an approach to understand di erences in accuracy performance among learning algorithms. The study proceeds in two steps by 1) providing a characterization of real-world domains, and 2) by analyzing the internal mechanism of two learning algorithms,C4.5trees andC4.5rules. A functional view of the internal components of these two algorithms is related to the characteristics of the domain under study; the analysis helps to predict di erences in accuracy behavior. Empirical results obtained over a set of real-world domains correlate well with the predictions. This two-step approach advocates the view of meta-learning as the quest for a theory that can explain the class of domains for which a learning algorithmwill output accurate predictions.
LOGICAL DATA INDEPENDENCE AND MODULARITY THROUGH VIEWS IN OODBMS

Views in OODBMS are a concept which is heavily opted for by key database people but rather seldomly implemented in commercial systems. They are an important mechanism to modularize information systems and to gain ogical data independence. This paper presents a concept for updateable views in OODBMS which separates application programs from the conceptual schema by introducing a layer of external schemas.Our approach supports all the traditional purposes of views and is based on a clear distinction of and division between externaland conceptual schemas. The external schemas can be used much in the same way by applications as a conceptual schema could be used. In particular, special attention is given to dynamic binding and invariant (steady) method resolution with respect to static types. This method steadiness ensures that the most special method is found even across schema boundaries. We discuss some aspects of views in OODBMS, concentrating on coupling characteristics, change transparency and security, and we make brief architectural considerations for the implementation of a view system.
DESIGN OF A SPATIAL DATA WAREHOUSE BASED ON AN INTEGRATED NON-SPATIAL DATABASE AND GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION Abdulvahit Torun

Accessing multiple, distributed, heterogeneous and autonomous information sources storing spatial or non-spatial data and integration of those data sources has been an important issue as distributed data processing and management became available with today’s technology. Common solutions to data integration in database area are the data integration, schema integration and software developing approaches. The first approach is implemented as a data warehouse (DW) or an integration as a central database (DB). The data in DW has been cleansed, integrated, and preprocessed and infrastructures have been built surrounding DW for efficient data analysis. Main processes to construct a spatial data warehouse are; collecting data from information sources (data warehousing), organizing data in a geo-spatial data store (warehouse organization) and querying and visualizing data. This study covers implementation of first and design of the following two phases of developing spatial data warehouse. In data warehousing phase, required data about population information, information about administrative hierarchy, location information and administrative boundaries are extracted from relevant data sources. After introducing data warehousing step, model of latter two phases are given in this paper.
Hedging in Disagreements in US Film Dialogues: A Sign of (Self-)Politeness, Politic Behaviour and an Identity Marker

The paper deals with the concept of hedging in disagreements in selected US film dialogues, from pragmatic and culture-specific points of view, through the prism of qualitative politeness research. Following the introductory remarks on the linguistic phenomena of hedging and disagreement, as well as a socioculturally based description of the research corpus, the paper aims at providing representative examples of hedging viewedfrom a number of different, often conflicting, theoretical angles. These include the Cooperative Principle, modern approaches to politeness, self-politeness, identity-related aspects of rapport management, and a view of politeness as politic behaviour. The assumption is that the contradictory nature of hedging can best be accounted for by observing * E-mail address: olgapk@ff.uns. ac.rs 1 This paper is part of the research on Project No. 178002, entitled Languages and Cultures in Time and Space, which is financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. Some of the theoretical observations in this paper are largely based on the analysis of the language material, as well as the discussion and conclusions presented in the author’s unpublished doctoral thesis (Panić Kavgić 2014).
Assigning quantum-mechanical initial conditions to cosmological perturbations

Quantum-mechanical initial conditions for the fluctuations of the geometry can be assigned in excess of a given physical wavelength. The two-point functions of the scalar and tensor modes of the geometry will then inherit corrections depending on which Hamiltonian is minimized at the initial stage of the evolution. The energy density of the background geometry is compared with the energy–momentum pseudo-tensor of the fluctuations averaged over the initial states, minimizing each different Hamiltonian. The minimization of adiabatic Hamiltonians leads to initial states whose back-reaction on the geometry is negligible. The minimization of non-adiabatic Hamiltonians, ultimately responsible for large corrections in the two-point functions, is associated with initial states whose energetic content is of the same order as the energy density of the background.
A keyboard that manages your passwords in Android

During the recent years, smartphones and tablets have become a fixture of daily life. They are used to run ever more tasks and services. Unfortunately, when it comes to password management, users are confronted with greater security and usability concerns than in the non-mobile world. This work presents a password manager for Android that can accommodate any app. Existing platform mechanisms are leveraged to better protect against malware and device theft, than current solutions. Our approach also provides significant usability improvements. No modifications are required to existing applications or to the mobile platform.
What do we know about what is going on inside the boardroom?

PurposeThe fundamental role of corporate boards is to monitor and advise top management on strategic issues. It is therefore of the utmost importance that corporate directors are effective as a decision-making group to ensure corporate performance (Zattoni et al., 2015; Minichilli et al., 2012). But, what do we know about what is really going on inside the boardroom? This study aims to shed light on this important question.Design/methodology/approachThe authors undertake a targeted review of the literature to take account of all publications regarding board dynamics in relation to board effectiveness.FindingsThis study shows that we know very little about what is going on inside the “black box” of board dynamics and its relation to how effective directors are at doing their job, namely, monitoring and advising top management and establishing and expanding the firm’s network, to gain access to the resources it needs. The authors propose several avenues of research to better understand board dynamics.Originality/valueIn this study, the authors show how and why the present body of knowledge on team effectiveness should be harnessed to better understand corporate board dynamics in relation to board effectiveness.
Cosmogenic 3He and 10Be chronologies of the late Pinedale northern Yellowstone ice cap, Montana, USA

Cosmogenic 3 He and 10 Be ages measured on surface boulders from the moraine sequence deposited by the northern outlet glacier of the Yellowstone ice cap indicate that the outlet glacier reached its terminal position at 16.5 6 0.4 3 He ka and 16.2 6 0.3 10 Be ka, respectively. Concordance of these ages supports the scaled production rates used for 3 He (118.6 6 6.6 atoms · g 21 ·y r 21 ) and 10 Be (5.1 6 0.3 atoms · g 21 ·y r 21 )( 62s at high latitudes at sea level). Two recessional moraines upvalley from the terminal moraine have mean ages of 15.7 6 0.5 10 Be ka and 14.0 6 0.4 10 Be ka, respectively, and a late-glacial flood bar was deposited at 13.7 6 0.5 10 Be ka. These cosmogenic chronologies identify a late Pinedale glacial maximum in northern Yellowstone that is significantly younger than previously thought, and they suggest deglaciation of the Yellowstone plateau by ;14 10 Be ka.