Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Sound of Social Cognition: Toddlers’ Understanding of How Sound Influences Others

Understanding others' perceptions is a fundamental aspect of social cognition. Children's construal of visual perception is well investigated, but there is little work on children's understanding of others' auditory perception. The current study assesses toddlers' recognition that producing different sounds can affect others differentially—auditory perspective taking. Two- and 3-year-olds were familiarized with two objects, one loud and one quiet. The adult then introduced a doll, and children were randomly assigned to one of two goals: either to wake the doll or to let her sleep. Children's object choice and the sound intensity they produced significantly varied in the predicted direction as a function of the goal task. These findings reveal young children's understanding of the effects of sound on other people's behavior and psychological states.
A New Digital Georeferenced Database of Grassland in China

Grassland covers some 40 percent of China's territory and constitutes an important territorial resource serving critical economic and environmental functions. Pastoralism has been an important pillar of the rural economies in the dry and cold areas of the plateau region, Nei Mongol and north-western China. Grass cover plays also an important environmental role in the protection of highly erodible soils of sloped land, and in arresting sand in areas prone to wind erosion and desertification. In the 1980s and the early 1990s, Chinese institutions have undertaken detailed county-level surveys of grassland resources, and compiled maps and databases of grassland distribution and productivity. The \f2Map of Grassland in China\f1 at the scale of 1:4M was recently completed and implemented as a digital database of 17 grassland types on GIS. This report describes the features of the database and summarizes the extents geographical distribution of grassland in China.
Detection of bladder cancer using a point-of-care proteomic assay.

CONTEXT A combination of methods is used for diagnosis of bladder cancer because no single procedure detects all malignancies. Urine tests are frequently part of an evaluation, but have either been nonspecific for cancer or required specialized analysis at a laboratory. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a point-of-care proteomic test that measures the nuclear matrix protein NMP22 in voided urine could enhance detection of malignancy in patients with risk factors or symptoms of bladder cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Twenty-three academic, private practice, and veterans' facilities in 10 states prospectively enrolled consecutive patients from September 2001 to May 2002. Participants included 1331 patients at elevated risk for bladder cancer due to factors such as history of smoking or symptoms including hematuria and dysuria. Patients at risk for malignancy of the urinary tract provided a voided urine sample for analysis of NMP22 protein and cytology prior to cystoscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The diagnosis of bladder cancer, based on cystoscopy with biopsy, was accepted as the reference standard. The performance of the NMP22 test was compared with voided urine cytology as an aid to cancer detection. Testing for the NMP22 tumor marker was conducted in a blinded manner. RESULTS Bladder cancer was diagnosed in 79 patients. The NMP22 assay was positive in 44 of 79 patients with cancer (sensitivity, 55.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 44.1%-66.7%), whereas cytology test results were positive in 12 of 76 patients (sensitivity, 15.8%; 95% CI, 7.6%-24.0%). The specificity of the NMP22 assay was 85.7% (95% CI, 83.8%-87.6%) compared with 99.2% (95% CI, 98.7%-99.7%) for cytology. The proteomic marker detected 4 cancers that were not visualized during initial endoscopy, including 3 that were muscle invasive and 1 carcinoma in situ. CONCLUSION The noninvasive point-of-care assay for elevated urinary NMP22 protein can increase the accuracy of cystoscopy, with test results available during the patient visit.
Arrhytmia classification using Fuzzy-Neuro Generalized Learning Vector Quantization

Automatic heart beats classification has attracted much interest for research recently and we are interested to determine the type of arrhythmia from electrocardiogram (ECG) signal automatically. This paper will discuss a new extension of GLVQ that employ fuzzy logic concept as the discriminant function in order to develop a robust algorithm and improve the classification performance. The overall classification system is comprised of three components including data preprocessing, feature extraction and classification. Data preprocessing related to how the initial data prepared, in this case, we cut the signal beat by beat using R peak as pivot point, while for the feature extraction, we used wavelet algorithm. The ECG signals were obtained from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. Our experiment showed that our proposed method, FN-GLVQ, was able to increase the accuracy of classifier compared with original GLVQ that used euclidean distance. By using 10-Fold Cross Validation, the algorithm produced an average accuracy 93.36% and 95.52%, respectively for GLVQ and FNGLVQ.
On edge detection on surfaces

Edge detection in images has been a fundamental problem in computer vision from its early days. Edge detection on surfaces, on the other hand, has received much less attention. The most common edges on surfaces are ridges and valleys, used for processing range images in computer vision, as well as for non-photo realistic rendering in computer graphics. We propose a new type of edges on surfaces, termed relief edges. Intuitively, the surface can be considered as an unknown smooth manifold, on top of which a local height image is placed. Relief edges are the edges of this local image. We show how to compute these edges from the local differential geometric surface properties, by fitting a local edge model to the surface. We also show how the underlying manifold and the local images can be roughly approximated and exploited in the edge detection process. Last but not least, we demonstrate the application of relief edges to artifact illustration in archaeology.
Identifying Dwarfs Workloads in Big Data Analytics

Big data benchmarking is particularly important and provides applicable yardsticks for evaluating booming big data systems. However, wide coverage and great complexity of big data computing impose big challenges on big data benchmarking. How can we construct a benchmark suite using a minimum set of units of computation to represent diversity of big data analytics workloads? Big data dwarfs are abstractions of extracting frequently appearing operations in big data computing. One dwarf represents one unit of computation, and big data workloads are decomposed into one or more dwarfs. Furthermore, dwarfs workloads rather than vast real workloads are more cost-efficient and representative to evaluate big data systems. In this paper, we extensively investigate six most important or emerging application domains i.e. search engine, social network, e-commerce, multimedia, bioinformatics and astronomy. After analyzing forty representative algorithms, we single out eight dwarfs workloads in big data analytics other than OLAP, which are linear algebra, sampling, logic operations, transform operations, set operations, graph operations, statistic operations and sort.
Router deployment of Streetside Parking Sensor Networks in Urban Areas

The deployment of urban infrastructure is very important for urban sensor applications. In this paper, we studied and introduced the deployment strategy of wireless on-street parking sensor networks. We defined a multiple-objective problem with four objectives, and solved them with real street parking map. The results show two sets of Pareto Front with the minimum energy consumption, sensing information delay and the amount of deployed routers and gateways. The result can be considered to provide urban service roadside unit or be taken into account while designing a deployment algorithm.
Ear Temperature Increase Produced by Cellular Phones Under Extreme Exposure Conditions

This paper deals with the numerical prediction of temperature increase in the inner ear of subjects exposed to the electromagnetic (EM) radiation of conventional cellular phones. Attention has focused on the geometrical model of the internal ear organs and on including the intrinsic heating of the phone in the numerical thermal analysis. To this aim, infrared (IR) thermographic data have been used as time-variant Dirichlet boundary conditions (BCs) on the touching ear-phone boundary, while new convective BCs are applied on the cells not in contact. Numerical results, obtained by a finite difference (FD) procedure, showed a maximum temperature increase of about 4°C on the external ear, although significant thermal elevations were not observed in the most sensitive internal organs. These temperature rises are obtained under extreme exposure conditions, i.e., when forcing the phone at the maximum power of 250 mW for 30 min.
Probability Model for Boundaries of Short-Read Sequencing

The need for sequencing DNA has been growing tremendously over the past few years. Current next-generation sequencing techniques produce huge amounts of data but time and money remain limiting factors for researchers. Given a DNA sample, it is essential to produce a sufficient number of reads to create or recreate a digital representation of the DNA while minimizing the needed resources. This work proposes a theoretical model that yields a set of formulas to calculate amongst others the expected distribution of contig length and estimated N50 value for a low-coverage, short-read sequencing experiment. The formulas can be used as an extension to the well known Lander-Waterman model to model assembly projects. The only input parameters these formulas are based on are the DNA sequence length, the number of reads and the read length. These formulas can provide boundaries (e.g. N50) that can be calculated before a sequencing process in order to reduce or adjust the needed resources for resequencing or de novo assembly and to get enough, but not too much, information or estimate the feasibility of a sequencing project.
Combinatorics of permutations

In One Line and Close. Permutations as Linear Orders. Descents Alternating Runs Alternating Subsequences In One Line and Anywhere. Permutations as Linear Orders. Inversions. Inversions Inversion in Permutations of Multisets In Many Circles. Permutations as Products of Cycles. Decomposing a Permutation into Cycles Type and Stirling Numbers Cycle Decomposition versus Linear Order Permutations with Restricted Cycle Structure In Any Way but This. Pattern Avoidance. The Basics. The Notion of Pattern Avoidance Patterns of Length Three Monotone Patterns Patterns of Length Four The Proof of the Stanley-Wilf Conjecture In This Way but Nicely. Pattern Avoidance. Follow-Up. Polynomial Recurrences Containing a Pattern Many Times Containing a Pattern a Given Number of Times Mean and Insensitive. Random Permutations. The Probabilistic Viewpoint Expectation Variance and Standard Deviation An Application: Longest Increasing Subsequences Permutations versus Everything Else. Algebraic Combinatorics of Permutations. The Robinson-Schensted-Knuth Correspondence Posets of Permutations Simplicial Complexes of Permutations Get Them All. Algorithms and Permutations. Generating Permutations Stack Sorting Permutations Variations of Stack Sorting How Did We Get Here? Permutations as Genome Rearrangements. Introduction Block Transpositions Block Interchanges Block Transpositions Revisited Solutions to Odd-Numbered Exercises References List of Frequently Used Notation Index Exercises, Problems, and Problem Solutions appear at the end of each chapter.
Fatigue Driving Detection System Design Based on Driving Behavior

Fatigue driving is an important cause of traffic accidents, the key to avoid fatigue driving is to detect the driver’s fatigue condition in real time. Driving behaviors such as accelerate? brake? shift and steer, continuous change when drivers become more and more fatigue. By detecting and analyzing the changing signals of them, it can show whether the driver is fatigue or not. This fatigue driving detection system is composed of driving simulator, data acquisition system, PC serial communication System and fatigue identification model.
Fusarium species and fumonisins associated with maize kernels produced in Rio Grande do Sul State for the 2008/09 and 2009/10 growing seasons

Ear rots caused by Fusarium spp. are among the main fungal diseases that contribute to poor quality and the contamination of maize grains with mycotoxins. This study aimed to determine the visual incidence of fungal-damaged kernels (FDKs), the incidence of two main Gibberella (a teleomorph of Fusarium) complexes (G. fujikuroi and G. zeae) associated with maize using a seed health blotter test, and the fumonisin levels, using high performance liquid chromatography, in samples of maize grains grown across 23 municipalities during the 2008/09 and 2009/10 growing seasons. Additionally, 104 strains that were representative of all of the analysed samples were identified to species using PCR assays. The mean FDK was seven per cent, and only six of the samples had levels greater than six per cent. Fusarium spp. of the G. fujikuroi complex were present in 96% of the samples, and G. zeae was present in 18% of the samples (5/27). The mean incidence of G. fujikuroi was 58%, and the incidence of G. zeae varied from 2 to 6%. FB1 was found in 58.6%, FB2 in 37.9%, and both toxins in 37.9% of the samples. The FB1 and FB2 levels were below the quantification limits for 41.3% of the samples, and the mean FB1 levels (0.66 μg/g) were higher than the mean FB2 levels (0.42 μg/g). The PCR identification separated the 104 isolates into three of the G. fujikuroi complex: F. verticillioides (76%), F. subglutinans (4%) and F. proliferatum (2%); and G. zeae (anamorph = F. graminearum) (18%). Our results confirmed the dominance of F. verticillioides, similar to other regions of Brazil, but they differed due to the relatively higher incidence of F. graminearum. Total fumonisin levels were below the maximum limit determined by current Brazilian regulations.
Gauge-gravity duality and thermalization of a boost-invariant perfect fluid

We derive the equation for the quasinormal modes corresponding to the scalar excitation of a black hole moving away in the fifth dimension. This geometry is the AdS/CFT dual of a boost-invariant expanding perfect fluid in N=4 SUSY Yang-Mills theory at large proper-time. On the gauge-theory side, the dominant solution of the equation describes the decay back to equilibrium of a scalar excitation of the perfect fluid. Its characteristic proper-time can be interpreted as a thermalization time of the perfect fluid, which is a universal (and numerically small) constant in units of the unique scale of the problem. This may provide a new insight on the short thermalization-time puzzle encountered in heavy-ion collision phenomenology. A nontrivial scaling behavior in proper-time is obtained which can be interpreted in terms of a slowly varying adiabatic approximation.
A Blogger Reputation Evaluation Model Based on Opinion Analysis

This paper proposes a blogger reputation evaluation model based on opinion analysis for blogosphere (namedTOAM). This model not only calculates the semantic opinion of blog comment text, but also takes the reputation of blogger into evaluation and retrieves the topic opinion attitudes of internet users with different reputation. Oriented to the different length of blog comment, TOAM adopts two calculation methods for long text and short text respectively. For long comment text, the model evaluates the opinion weight of each character and the distribution density of opinion characters in target text. Through constructing the text opinion case knowledge base for long text, the model reuses the evaluation result of historical case and improves the execution efficiency effectively. For short comment text, the text opinion is calculated by summing the opinion weight of each character. On the other hand, the model analyzes the amount of topics, reviews, comments and the semantic opinion of each comment, and evaluates the reputation of each blogger in virtual network society. Finally, with the help of web ontology language (OWL), TOAM further abstracts the blog topic opinion relations and realizes the public opinion classification retrieval of different reputation levels people by SPARQL Protocol And RDF Query Language (SPARQL). To validate the performance, the experiments on the data corpus about “Network Culture” demonstrate that the model has higher precision of text opinion analysis and practicality of public opinion retrieval.
Research bias in judgement bias studies

Valuation judgement bias has been a research topic for several years due to its proclaimed effect on valuation accuracy. However, little is known on the emphasis of literature on judgement bias, with regard to, for instance, research methodologies, research context and robustness of research evidence. A synthesis of available research will establish consistency in the current knowledge base on valuer judgement, identify future research opportunities and support decision-making policy by educational and regulatory stakeholders how to cope with judgement bias. This article therefore, provides a systematic review of empirical research on real estate valuer judgement over the last 30 years. Based on a number of inclusion and exclusion criteria, we have systematically analysed 32 relevant papers on valuation judgement bias. Although we find some consistency in evidence, we also find the underlying research to be biased; the methodology adopted is dominated by a quantitative approach; research context is skewed by timing and origination; and research evidence seems fragmented and needs replication. In order to obtain a deeper understanding of valuation judgement processes and thus extend the current knowledge base, we advocate more use of qualitative research methods and scholars to adopt an interpretative paradigm when studying judgement behaviour.
On some recent aspects of stochastic control and their applications

This paper is a survey on some recent aspects and developments in stochastic control. We discuss the two main historical approaches, Bellman's optimality principle and Pontryagin's maximum principle, and their modern exposition with viscosity solutions and backward stochastic differential equations. Some original proofs are presented in a unifying context including degenerate singular control problems. We emphasize key results on characterization of optimal control for diffusion processes, with a view towards applications. Some examples in finance are detailed with their explicit solutions. We also discuss numerical issues and open questions.
LES FACTEURS INSTITUTIONNELS D’ACCES DES COOPERATIVES MAROCAINES DES PRODUITS DE TERROIR AUX MARCHES ORGANISES : CAS DE L’HUILE D’OLIVE

Cet article a pour objectif de traiter les facteurs institutionnels d’acces des cooperatives marocaines des produits de terroir, particulierement l’huile d’olive, aux marches organises. Il consiste, tout d’abord, a analyser, theoriquement, l’interaction entre les institutions, les cooperatives et les marches. Il s’interesse, en second lieu, a l’identification et l’analyse theorique des facteurs institutionnels d’acces des cooperatives aux marches organises (facteurs informels, formels et les dispositifs de leur mise en œuvre). L’etude empirique institutionnelle examine, enfin, les facteurs institutionnels d’acces des cooperatives oleicoles aux marches organises, a travers des etudes de cas de quelques cooperatives et groupements d’interet economique oleicoles pour la periode allant de 2013 a 2015, et une analyse institutionnelle des differentes institutions marocaines d’appui a l’acces des cooperatives oleicoles aux marches organises en faisant recours aux methodes statistiques de traitement et d’analyse des donnees par l’analyse factorielle en composantes principales qualitatives.
Integrating Multicultural Children's Math Books Into Kindergarten Through Sixth-Grade Classrooms: Preservice Teachers' Reflections

ABSTRACT This case study of mathematics instruction using children's literature reports on the experiences 47 elementary preservice teachers had in their mathematics methods course while completing a microteaching assignment. As part of the microteaching assignment, preservice teachers were required to plan and teach mathematics lessons based on children's books that included both mathematics concepts and multicultural aspects. The preservice teachers audio-recorded their lessons, transcribed the audio, and wrote reflective essays to articulate their experiences. At the end of the assignment, the professor and two additional researchers interviewed the preservice teachers about their experiences. Themes that emerged were (a) teaching experiences, (b) teaching performance, and (c) learning purposes and tools for integrating multicultural children's math books. The Learning Purposes and Teaching Strategies for Integrating Multicultural Mathematics Picturebooks Framework was developed to demonstrate the intricate balance needed to ensure mathematics learning happens during instruction with multicultural mathematics picturebooks.
IEEE 802 . 11 p Transmission Using GNURadio

In this work we present an implementation of a fully functional IEEE 802.11p transmitter in software-defined radio. We describe the rapid-prototyping methodology that was used to implement the frame-encoder within the open-source GNU Software Radio (GNURadio) platform [1]. The encoder generates OFDM frames in digital complex base-band representation and uses the USRP2 [2] as digital-to-analog front-end for up-conversion and final transmission. Since the actual encoding process involves a large number of complex steps we split the development approach into three sequential stages. First, a reference-encoder in a high-level language (MATLAB) is derived from the IEEE standard documents. Second, the individual blocks of the MATLAB encoding chain are progressively ported to GNURadio, cross-checking with the reference after each step. Finally, standard compliance is verified by conducting comparative over-the-air measurements with an early prototype of a commercial 11p transceiver. Initial measurement results indicate that the fidelity of the resulting GNURadio implementation is on par with non-software-defined radio industry solutions and capable of generating truly standard-compliant OFDM frames. The encoder presented here has been released under GPLv3 and is also capable of encoding frames according to the 11a and 11g amendments, thus making it a valuable building block for upcoming software-defined radio projects.
Modified parallel particle swarm optimization for global optimization using Message Passing Interface

PSO has emerged as a powerful heuristic technique for determining the global optimal solution of nonlinear optimization problems. Like all other evolutionary algorithms (EAs) it is also population based method. However, due to the inherent nature of PSO, it is desirable to parallelize it so as to get a better performance. In this paper, three versions of parallel PSO are presented. They are encoded using the Message Passing Interface (MPI) and are used to solve 16 benchmark scalable test problems available in literature. From the numerical and graphical analysis it is concluded that parallelization helps in enhancing the performance of basic PSO.