Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ‘placetimemattering’ of aspiration in the Blacktown Learning Community

The aim of this article is to explore aspiration in contemporary urban locations in the context of almost universal policy initiatives to raise aspirations of young people to participate in higher education. The article is based on a study of how children’s career and further education aspirations are shaped over time in five schools in western Sydney, Australia. Creative methods were used to produce children’s artifacts in early and late primary school and early and late high school and parent and teacher focus groups were conducted in each school. This article focuses on data from a low Socio-Economic Status (SES) and a mid-high SES primary school. A quantitative analysis of the children’s artifacts identified that a marked differentiation occurs between low SES and high SES primary school children from kindergarten to Year 5. Storylines of Cartographic time, Money matters, and Vulnerable childhoods emerged from a qualitative analysis of the parent focus group from the low SES primary school. These storylines chart a different navigational route for their own, and their children’s, aspirations that acknowledges the significance of materiality in the way aspirations are shaped in the ‘placetimemattering’ of everyday life.
Social Cognition and Psychopathology in an Evolutionary Perspective

The phylogenetic and ontogenetic developments of social cognition have been a major research focus of evolutionary and developmental psychology. Theory of mind or so-called Machiavellian intelligence, that is the capacity to infer mental states of other individuals and to manipulate them in order to maximise social success, probably emerged due to the need to cope with an increasingly complex social environment. Studies on social reasoning suggest disturbances of mental state attribution in psychiatric disorders. However, apart from autism spectrum disorders, the systematic evaluation of social cognition is still in its infancy, and the present data are ambiguous due to methodological difficulties. Based on the concept of the modular organisation of the mind, a stepwise investigation of social cognition in psychiatric disorders is proposed, including clinical description and available standardised methods. The specific characteristics of psychiatric disorders in respect of social cognition, therefore, may vary according to the hierarchical organisation of the social module. Systematic studies on social reasoning processes in psychiatric disorders may provide new insights also useful for the development of coping strategies in cognitive-behavioural therapy.
An Empirical Study of Factors Relating to the Success of Broadway Shows

This article uses the Cox proportional hazards model to analyze recent Broadway show data to investigate the factors that relate to the longevity of shows. The type of show, whether a show is a revival, and first-week attendance for the show are predictive for longevity. Favorable critic reviews in the New York Daily News are related to greater success, but reviews in the New York Times are not. Winning major Tony Awards is associated with a longer run for a show, but being nominated for Tonys and then losing is associated with a shorter postaward run.
Passive smoking exposure is associated with increased risk of COPD in never smokers.

BACKGROUND Passive smoking, or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), is a risk factor for lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and childhood asthma, but a relationship with COPD has not been fully established. Our aim was to study ETS as a risk factor for COPD in never smokers. METHODS Data from three cross-sectional studies within the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden (OLIN) database were pooled. Of the 2,182 lifelong never smokers, 2,118 completed structured interviews and spirometry of acceptable quality. COPD was defined according to the GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) criteria using postbronchodilator spirometry. The association of COPD with ETS in single and multiple settings was calculated by multivariate logistic regression adjusting for known risk factors for COPD. RESULTS COPD prevalence was associated with increased ETS exposure: 4.2% (no ETS), 8.0% (ETS ever at home), 8.3% (ETS at previous work), and 14.7% (ETS ever at home and at both previous and current work), test for trend P = . 003. Exclusion of subjects aged ≥ 65 years and subjects reporting asthma yielded similar results. ETS in multiple settings, such as ever at home and at both previous and current work, was strongly associated to COPD (OR, 3.80; 95% CI, 1.29-11.2). CONCLUSIONS In this population-based sample of never smokers, ETS was independently associated with COPD. The association was stronger for ETS in multiple settings. ETS in multiple settings was, after age, the strongest risk factor for COPD and comparable to personal smoking of up to 14 cigarettes/d in comparable materials. The findings strongly advocate measures against smoking in public places.
[Usefulness of the activities of daily living questionnaire (T-ADLQ) in patients with minor stroke].

BACKGROUND The inability to carry out activities of daily living (ADL) is prevalent in elderly people and it is associated with hypertension and stroke. AIM To evaluate ADLs using the T-ADLQ in hypertensive patients with minor stroke. SUBJECTS AND METHODS T-ADLQ, Cognitive tests (Minimental and Addenbrooke), and Hamilton depression test were applied to 100 hypertensive ambulatory patients (55 without symptomatic stroke and 45 with ischemic stroke, Rankin ≤ 2). RESULTS In stroke patients the ability to perform ADL was significantly reduced compared with hypertensive patients without stroke. Cognitive dysfunction and depressive symptoms were associated with a lower ADL performance. CONCLUSIONS The T-ADLQ is useful to evaluate ADL in hypertensive ambulatory patients with ischemic stroke.
Virulence‐associated chromosomal loci of Shigella flexneri identified by random Tn5 insertion mutagenesis

Shigellae are the causative agents of bacillary dysentery and are capable of invading epithelial cells, multiplying therein and spreading into adjacent cells. To identify genes on the chromosome associated with the virulence phenotype, 9114 independent Tn5 insertion mutants were isolated in a virulent strain of Shigella flexneri. By using an in vitro assay for intercellular spread or an animal infection model, the Serény test, 50 chromosomal Tn5 mutants with reduced virulence were identified. The 50 mutants were characterized with respect to their virulence phenotypes, including three different mutations that affect invasion of epithelial cells, bacterial metabolism and structure of lipopolysaccharide. Mutants with reduced invasive ability were further characterized and it was found that two of them had decreased levels of IpaB, C and D antigens as well as the mRNA for the ipaBCD operon encoded by the large virulence plasmid, suggesting that positive regulatory elements for the IpaBCD operon are encoded by the chromosome. Assignment of the 50 Tn5 insertions of the mutants to the 19 Notl restriction fragments of the chromosomal DNA has permitted the identification of at least nine virulence‐associated chromosomal loci.
TWO-COMMODITY PERISHABLE INVENTORY SYSTEM WITH BULK DEMAND FOR ONE COMMODITY

This article considers a two-commodity continuous review inventory system in which the arriving customers belong to any one of three types, such that type 1 customers demand a single item of the first commodity, type 2 customers demand bulk items of the second commodity, and type 3 customers demand one item of the first commodity and bulk items of the second commodity. The arrivals of all three types of customers are assumed to be a Markovian arrival process (MAP). It is also assumed that the number of items demanded for the second commodity is a random variable. The ordering policy is to place orders for both commodities when the inventory levels are below prefixed levels for both commodities. The lead time is assumed to have a phase type distribution, and the demands that occur during stock out period are assumed to be lost. The joint probability distribution for both commodities is obtained in the steady state case. Various measures of system performance and the total expected cost rate in the steady state are derived. The results are illustrated with numerical examples. OPSOMMING ’n Tweeprodukstelsel se voorraad vir klante word kontinu hersien. Die vraag na die produktipes word gekenmerk deur klantvoorkeure. Die versoektempo van klante vir voorraad word aanvaar as ’n Markovproses. Aannames word gemaak oor vraaghoeveelhede en aanlooptyd. Die resultate van die ondersoek word voorgehou via syfervoorbeelde.
Histopathologic Findings in Early Encapsulated Blebs of Young Patients Treated With the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve

Objective/AimUncontrolled glaucoma presents a challenge for the ophthalmic surgeon especially in children and juvenile patients. For many patients who have undergone failed surgical procedures before, episcleral implants remain the last choice. Encapsulated blebs forming over antiglaucoma devices present a complication leading to malfunctioning or even failure with reincrease in intraocular pressure. We report our histopathologic findings of such blebs developing around the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) after a short time period in young patients. Materials and MethodsNine young patients (2 to 17 y of age) with otherwise uncontrollable glaucoma were treated with AGV (models FP-7 and FP-8, silicone base plate) by 1 surgeon (H.T.). Four eyes needed surgical revision 2 to 6 months after initial implantation owing to encapsulated bleb development over the valve with total loss of function. The dense capsule around the device was surgically removed and investigated macroscopically, microscopically, and ultrastructurally. ResultsThe cystic wall of these encapsulated blebs had an overall thickness of 1.5 to 2 mm. Macroscopically, the tissue was split into 2 layers. Histopathologically, the smooth inner surface (facing the base plate of the AGV) consisted of compressed collagen fibers with signs of elastoid degeneration and with formation of a pseudoendothelium toward the base plate. There was a pronounced transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in this inner layer. The outer area was highly vascularized. In these vessels electron microscopy revealed thrombosis. Inflammatory responses were nearly absent in all areas of the excised material. Intraocular pressure could be controlled by removal of the encapsulated blebs in all 4 cases. ConclusionsEncapsulation of the AGV is an early complication in young patients, leading to inhibition of fluid exchange and failure of the procedure. The valve mechanism is blocked by contracted scar tissue, but the device itself is not affected by the encapsulation. Surgical excision of the capsule immediately leads to an aqueous flow and drop of intraocular pressure.
[Phenotypic and genotypic methods for epidemiological typing of veterinary important bacterial pathogens of the genera Staphylococcus, Salmonella, and Pasteurella].

Molecular typing methods are capable of providing detailed strain characteristics which are commonly far beyond the capacities of phenotypic typing methods. Such molecular-based characteristics have proved to be very helpful in epidemiological studies of bacterial pathogens. The primary criteria that all typing methods should fulfill include (1) the typeability of the strains in question, (2) the reproducibility of the results, and (3) a high discriminatory power. In general, molecular typing methods can be differentiated with regard to their use in methods that can be applied to virtually all bacteria (e.g. plasmid profiling, ribotyping, macrorestriction analysis) and methods which can only be used for typing of certain bacterial genera or species (e.g. IS200 typing of certain Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars, or coa-PCR of coagulase-positive staphylococci). In the present review, various phenotypic and molecular methods for the epidemiological typing of bacteria of the genera Staphylococcus, Salmonella, and Pasteurella are described and their advantages/disadvantages--also with regard to the fulfillment of the above-mentioned primary criteria--are critically assessed.
Designing and Testing Software-Defined Radios

This article reviews the main parts of a software-defined radio (SDR) to emphasize several possible implementations of both receivers and transmitters. We describe solutions for testing and characterizing these types of devices. SDRs typically operate in both the analog and the digital domains, thus mixed-domain instrumentation is necessary to carry out testing. We first give a short overview of several architectures for SDR receiver front ends. Then, several possible architectures for transmitter front ends are described. We discuss methods that can be used to improve amplifier efficiency. Instrumentation currently available in the commercial market that allows the characterization of such types of transceivers is presented.
On the Quantificational Status of Indefinites: The View From Child Language

Theories of indefinites vary with respect to whether these noun phrases can be treated as quantificational. Although everyone seems to be in agreement that indefinites do not always introduce their own quantificational force, there is widespread disagreement as to whether they ever do. In this article, we present experimental evidence from children learning English and Kannada demonstrating that children's indefinites show scopal restrictions parallel to the restrictions they show with other unambiguously quantificational expressions. Children, unlike adults, show a strong preference to assign quantificational expressions surface scope. This is true for both strong and weak quantifiers, which would be surprising on a theory of indefinites that treated these expressions as uniformly nonquantificational. Consequently, we argue that in adult grammars indefinites must have a quantificational representation at least some of the time.
Dynamic Replication in Service-Oriented Systems

Service-oriented systems, consisting of atomic services and their compositions hosted in service composition execution engines (CEEs), are commonly deployed to deliver web applications. As the workloads of applications fluctuate over time, it is economical to autonomously and dynamically adjust system capacity, i.e., the number of replicas for atomic services and CEEs. In this paper, we propose a novel replica provisioning policy, Resos, which adjusts the number of CEE and service replicas periodically based on the predicted workloads such that all replicas are well utilized at the target values. In particular, Resos models the workload balance and dependency between CEE and service replicas by estimating the probability that threads of CEE replicas are not blocked by I/O. Moreover, we derive the analytical bounds of CEE effective utilization and illustrate the cause of low nominal utilization at CEE replicas. We evaluate Resos on a simulated service-oriented system, which hosts CEE and service replicas on multi-threaded servers. The evaluated workload is derived from utilization traces collected from production systems. Through simulation, we demonstrate that Resos effectively reduces the number of required replicas while maintaining target utilization and lowering the response times of requests.
Using concurrent Hidden Markov Models to analyse human behaviours in a smart home environment

This paper addresses learning and recognition of human behaviour models from multi-modal observations in a smart home environment. The proposed approach successfully implements concurrent Hidden Markov Models that identify the occurring situation. This approach corresponds to the highlevel part from a framework to obtain high-level classification of human behaviour analysis. The results were obtained for a smart home environment, where cameras, microphones and a PMD sensor were deployed. The sensory information was first fed to the low-level classification stage, where it was analysed by four different classifiers which generate the observations to the high-level classification stage. For each situation an HMM is used, allowing the fusion of the data provided by the different sources present in the low-level classification stage. This approach proved to be highly scalable, since the recognition of new situations can be accomplished by means of adding the adequate HMM.
School engagement, risky peers, and student–teacher relationships as mediators of school violence in Taiwanese vocational versus academically oriented high schools

Educational tracking based on academic ability accounts for different school dynamics between vocational versus academically-oriented high schools in Taiwan. Many educational practitioners predict that the settings of vocational schools and academic schools mediate school violence in different ways. Alternatively, some researchers argue the actual mediating mechanism may not vary significantly between the different school types in different cultures. The purpose of this study was to examine how within-school variables (school engagement, risky peers, and student–teacher interaction) mediate external-school variables (personal traits, parental monitoring, and victimization) and school violence in Taiwanese vocational and academically-oriented schools. Structural equation modeling analysis, based on a national representative sample (N=7,841), suggested school violence was mediated through school variables. Similar mediational findings were found between academic and vocational schools as well as between males and females. Findings suggest that school violence is mediated by within-school variables in similar ways across different school types, genders, and cultures. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interpolation method in hardware-in-the-loop simulation for brushless DC motor

To test and optimize brushless dc motor (BLDCM) controller, a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) real time simulation schematic based on DSP plus FPGA was presented. BLDCM model calculating cycle is up to 14us, which leads to the motor states updating at least one motor model cycle time delay, and the delay will result to accumulative error. To pursue an accurate and fast BLDCM HIL simulation results, a new interpolation approach was proposed. This approach is processed in FPGA and parallel computing with the BLDCM model in DSP. During BLDCM model cycle, the interpolation method is used to improve the accuracy by changing the BLDCM states according to the real time phase voltage signal. In view of the nonlinear dynamic BLDCM model, a lookup table of BLDCM parameters obtained from static finite element analyses (FEA) is used. By using the method, simulation performance under disturbance conditions is improved, and the faster computation speed is obtained while keeping the same high precision as the FEA model.
Relationships among perception of heritage management, satisfaction and destination cultural image

The paper explores how visitors' perception of a destination's heritage management affects satisfaction with actual visits to the sites and overall perception of the destination's cultural image, using Macao as the case setting. The study will also look at how site visit satisfaction influences the intention to revisit and recommend to others. The findings indicated that perception of the quality of heritage interpretation was significantly associated with destination cultural image and site visit satisfaction. However, associations between site visit satisfaction and intention to revisit and recommend were weak. The findings also led to a discussion on whether the labels ‘cultural’ versus ‘non-cultural’ tourists remain stable over time.
Palmprint identification based on wide principal lines

In this paper, a novel palmprint identification and verification algorithm is proposed based on wide principal lines. A set of wide principal line extractors are devised. Later these wide principal line extractors are used to extract the wide principal lines. Morphological operators and grouping functions are used to eliminate the noise. In matching stage, a matching algorithm, based on pixel-to-pixel comparison is devised to calculate the similarity between the palmprints. In identification stage, wavelets and principal component analysis (PCA) are used for dimensionality reduction. Then Locally Discriminating Projection (LDP) is used to get the indexed list and the user is identified based on matching algorithm. The experimental results for the verification and identification on PolyU Database and Sub2D database are provided by Hong Kong Polytechnic University show that the discrimination of wide principal lines is also strong. With a minimum number of verifications, user is identified on these databases.
Optimal foraging constrains macroecological patterns: body size and dietary niche breadth in lizards

Aim To e xplore and identify probable mechanisms contributing to the relationships among body size, dietary niche breadth and mean, minimum, maximum and range of prey size in predaceous lizards. Location Our data set includes species from tropical rainforests, semi-arid regions of Brazil, and from deserts of the south-western United States, Australia and the Kalahari of Africa. Methods We calculated phylogenetic and non-phylogenetic regressions among predator body size, dietary breath and various prey size measures. Results We found a negative association between body size and dietary niche breadth in 159 lizard species sampled across most evolutionary lineages of squamate reptiles and across major continents and habitats. We also show that mean, minimum, maximum and range of prey size were positively associated with body size. Main conclusions Our results suggest not only that larger lizards tend to eat larger prey, but in doing so offset their use of smaller prey. Reduction of dietary niche breadth with increased body size in these lizards suggests that large predators target large and more profitable prey. Consequently, the negative association between body size and niche breadth in predators most likely results from optimal foraging. Though this result may appear paradoxical and runs counter to previous studies, resources for predators may be predictably more limited than resources for herbivores, thus driving selection for more profitable prey.