Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sustained rotational stabilization of DIII-D plasmas above the no-wall beta limit

Sustained stabilization of the n=1 kink mode by plasma rotation at beta approaching twice the stability limit calculated without a wall has been achieved in DIII-D by a combination of error field reduction and sufficient rotation drive. Previous experiments have transiently exceeded the no-wall beta limit. However, demonstration of sustained rotational stabilization has remained elusive because the rotation has been found to decay whenever the plasma is wall stabilized. Recent theory [Boozer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5059 (2001)] predicts a resonant response to error fields in a plasma approaching marginal stability to a low-n kink mode. Enhancement of magnetic nonaxisymmetry in the plasma leads to strong damping of the toroidal rotation, precisely in the high-beta regime where it is needed for stabilization. This resonant response, or “error field amplification” is demonstrated in DIII-D experiments: applied n=1 radial fields cause enhanced plasma response and strong rotation damping at beta above the no wal.
Rural Industrial Integration’s Impact on Agriculture GTFP Growth: Influence Mechanism and Empirical Test Using China as an Example

Agricultural carbon emission is an significant cause of global climate change and many environmental and health problems. Achieving low-carbon and green development in agriculture is not only an inevitable choice for countries around the world to cope with climate change and the accompanying environmental and health problems, but also a necessary path for the sustainable development of global agriculture. The promotion of rural industrial integration is a practical way to realize sustainable agricultural growth and urban–rural integration development. The analysis framework of agriculture GTFP is creatively extended in this study to include the integration and growth of rural industries, rural human capital investment and rural land transfer. According to the sample data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020 and the systematic GMM estimation method, and through the combination of theoretical analysis and empirical testing, this paper discusses the influence mechanism of rural industrial integration development on agriculture GTFP growth, as well as the regulating role of rural human capital investment and rural land transfer. The results show that rural industrial integration has significantly promoted the growth of agriculture GTFP. Additionally, after decomposing agriculture GTFP into the agricultural green technology progress index and agricultural green technology efficiency index, it is found that rural industrial integration has a more obvious role in promoting agricultural green technology progress. Furthermore, quantile regression found that with the increase in agricultural GTFP, the promoting effect of rural industrial integration showed an “inverted U-shaped” feature. Through heterogeneity testing, it is found that the agriculture GTFP growth effect of rural industrial integration is more obvious in areas with high level of rural industrial integration. Additionally, as the nation places more and more focus on rural industrial integration, the promotion role of rural industrial integration has become more and more obvious. The moderating effect test showed that health, education and training, migration of rural human capital investment and rural land transfer all strengthened the promoting effect of rural industrial integration on agricultural GTFP growth to varying degrees. This study provides rich policy insights for China and other developing countries around the world to address global climate change and many related environmental and monitoring issues by developing rural industrial integration, strengthening rural human capital investment and promoting agricultural land transfer to achieve sustainable agricultural growth and reduce undesirable output outputs such as agricultural carbon emissions.
Estimation of Parameters in the Presence of Model Misspecification and Measurement Error

Misspecifications of econometric models can lead to biased coefficients and incorrect interpretations of error terms, which in turn can lead to incorrectly estimated models and incorrect inference. There are specific techniques such as instrumental variables, which are used in the economics literature to deal with some individual forms of model misspecification, only addressing one problem at a time. The joint and separate solutions to the problems of unknown functional forms, omitted variables and measurement errors, discussed in this paper, prove that instrumental variables do not exist. Therefore, the specific techniques used in the literature are not feasible. This paper proposes a general method for estimating underlying parameters in the presence of a range of model misspecifications. It is argued that this method can consistently estimate the direct effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable with all of its other determinants held constant even in the presence of an unknown functional form, measurement error and omitted variables.
Objective Estimation of the Conditional Probability of Frozen Precipitation

Abstract A system is developed which produces objective forecasts of conditional probability of frozen precipitation for the conterminous United States. Development of the system consists of two basic steps, in each of which the MOS (Model Output Statistics) concept is used. First, for each of 186 stations, we find a “50%” value for each of three variables predicted by the National Meteorological Center's Primitive Equation (PE) model: 1000–500 mb thickness, boundary-layer potential temperature, and 850-mb temperature. For instance, we find the value of the 1000–500 mb thickness which indicates a 50–50 chance of frozen precipitation at a particular station, provided precipitation occurs. These 50% values are determined by using the logit model to fit data from three winter seasons, September 1969 through March 1972. Secondly, the deviations from the 50% values are determined for each station for each variable; the relative frequency (for those cases when precipitation occurred) of frozen precipitation is .
Coseismic displacement fields and the slip mechanism of the 2021 Mw 6.7 Hovsgol earthquake in Mongolia constrained by Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2 InSAR

ABSTRACT On 11 January 2021, an Mw 6.7 earthquake, which involved a complex rupture mechanism, occurred in Lake Hovsgol, Mongolia. This study measured the earthquake’s 3-D coseismic surface displacement fields using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) pairs of three radar look directions: Sentinel-1B from the descending path and Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 from the ascending and descending paths. The three DInSARs showed that the maximum coseismic surface displacement appeared east of the Northern Hovsgol Fault (NHF), where the displacement components were 18 cm, 5 cm, and 33 cm in the east–west, north–south, and up–down directions, respectively (precision: 1.7 cm, 20.4 cm, and 5.2 cm). However, the 3-D displacements indicated that although the earthquake induced a combination of normal faulting with strike slip motions, the displacements in the north–south direction had very large uncertainty owing to the similar geometry of the InSARs in the descending path. Later, we performed inversions of the DInSAR-measured coseismic surface displacement fields in the line-of-sight direction, which assumes a fault plane’s uniform and distributed slips in analyzing the slip mechanism. We conducted slip distribution estimations on the ruptured fault plane in accordance with the optimal fault geometry and source parameters determined by the uniform slip model. Investigations revealed that, with a correlation of 95.3%, the simulated displacements from the best-fitted distributed slip model were consistent with the observed displacements from DInSARs. Besides, our slip distribution model showed two distinctive slip patches, which include differences in their magnitudes and directions on the fault plane. We also observed ruptured faults experiencing a predominant right-lateral strike slip with a significant dip slip, according to the slip distribution, which caused two distinct slips due to the dramatic bending of the fault strike. Then, by analyzing the Coulomb stress change, our findings proposed that the seismic risk potential of active faults in the Hovsgol Basin increased after the earthquake. Overall, the great potential of multi-track DInSAR observations in the identification of complex slip mechanisms was demonstrated.
Microbiome in soils of Mendoza: microbial resources for the development of agroecological management in viticulture

Rhizosphere microorganisms are considered an extension of plants, representing critical actors involved in the promotion of plant nutrient intake from the surrounding environment. Consequently, a great focus is being made on soil microorganisms since they are considered a promising source for crop resilience improvements under a global climate change scenario. To explore bacterial and fungal communities from arid soils in vineyards and their surroundings from two regions with very different climate and tillage histories, an amplicon sequencing analysis was performed. Specifically, Santa Rosa (SR) is in a region commonly known as the first zone, characterised by low altitude (607 m.a.s.l., Winkler V), while Gualtallary (G) is in the Uco Valley Zone, a region with high altitude (1245 m.a.s.l., Winkler III); both in the productive wine region of Mendoza. SR is characterised by its long cultivation history, while G is a recently cultivated region. Topsoil samples were collected and used for bacterial and fungal community profile characterisation. Ascomycota was the predominant phylum (38–97 %) in mycobiome composition, whereas Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial phylum (26–34 %) in both regions. Moreover, the main factor explaining microbiome differences between regions was the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. Anaerolineae and Gammaproteobacteria were a distinctive bacterial class in SR-cultivated soils. Azospirillales were highly abundant in SR uncultivated soils, while Rhizobiales were differentially abundant in G uncultivated soils. Regarding functional analysis, soils from SR showed a higher denitrification activity of nitrifiers as well as glucose-related metabolism, while in G soils, bacterial photosynthesis activities were a differential trait. In addition, Actinobacteria abundance was lower in SR-cultivated soils, indicating a higher susceptibility of this phylum to grapevine crop practices. These results allow the development of hypothetical models of the local microbial resources and their contribution to grapevine nutrition, which is highly important to elaborate recommendations for grapevine management to preserve soil health in vine areas of Mendoza.
Effects of Warming and Drought Stress on the Coupling of Photosynthesis and Transpiration in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The coupling of photosynthesis and transpiration in plant leaves forms the basis of carbon–water coupling in terrestrial ecosystems. Previous studies have attributed the coupling of leaf photosynthesis and transpiration to joint stomata control, but they lack analyses of the coupling mechanism. In this study, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was selected as a plant material on the North China Plain. Under the conditions of warming and drought stress, the photosynthetic rate (An), transpiration rate (Tr), water pressure saturation (VPD), and leaf temperature (T1) of wheat were recorded on clear days at the jointing, flowering, and grain-filling stages from 9:00 to 12:00 a.m. Then, the measured values were fitted to the simulated values obtained using the Ball–Berry and Penman–Monteith models. The results showed that the stomatal size, stomatal conductance, An, and Tr of winter wheat leaves were decreased by warming, drought stress, and their synergistic effects. Based on the Ball–Berry model, different fitting effects were observed in the treatments of adequate water supply with warming (R-g), water deficit with warming (R-d), adequate water supply without warming (N-g), and water deficit without warming (N-d). The R2 values of the R-g, R-d, N-g, and N-d treatments were 0.962, 0.958, 0.964, and 0.943, respectively. The Tr values were fitted based on the Penman–Monteith model. In the R-g, R-d, N-g, and N-d treatments, the R2 values of the R-g, R-d, N-g, and N-d treatments were 0.923, 0.849, 0.934, and 0.919, respectively. In conclusion, both warming and water deficit reduce stomatal conductance, An, Tr, and the coupling effect of photosynthesis and transpiration.
Assessing a Methodology for Evaluating the Latency of IPv6 with SCHC Compression in LoRaWAN Deployments

The Internet of Things (IoT) approach relies on the use of the Internet Protocol (IP) as a pervasive network protocol. IP acts as a “glue” for interconnecting end devices (on the field side) and end users, leveraging on very diverse lower-level and upper-level protocols. The need for scalability would suggest the adoption of IPv6, but the large overhead and payloads do not match with the constraints dictated by common wireless solutions. For this reason, compression strategies have been proposed to avoid redundant information in the IPv6 header and to provide fragmentation and reassembly of long messages. For example, the Static Context Header Compression (SCHC) protocol has been recently referenced by the LoRa Alliance as a standard IPv6 compression scheme for LoRaWAN-based applications. In this way, IoT end points can seamlessly share an end-to-end IP link. However, implementation details are out of the specifications’ scope. For this reason, formal test procedures for comparing solutions from different providers are important. In this paper, a test method for assessing architectural delays of real-world deployments of SCHC-over-LoRaWAN implementations is presented. The original proposal includes a mapping phase, for identifying information flows, and a subsequent evaluation phase, in which flows are timestamped and time-related metrics are computed. The proposed strategy has been tested in different use cases involving LoRaWAN backends deployed all around the world. The feasibility of the proposed approach has been tested by measuring the end-to-end latency of IPv6 data in sample use cases, obtaining a delay of less than 1 s. However, the main result is the demonstration that the suggested methodology permits a comparison of the behavior of IPv6 with SCHC-over-LoRaWAN, allowing the optimization of choices and parameters during deployment and commissioning of both infrastructure components and software.
Low Reynolds number fully developed two-dimensional turbulent channel flow with system rotation

Theoretical and experimental studies have been performed on fully developed twodimensional turbulent channel flows in the low Reynolds number range that are subjected to system rotation. The turbulence is affected by the Coriolis force and the low Reynolds number simultaneously. Using dimensional analysis, the relevant parameters of this flow are found to be Reynolds number Re* = u*D/v (u* is the friction velocity, D the channel half-width) and Ωv/u2* (Ω is the angular velocity of the channel) for the inner region, and Re* and ΩD/u* for the core region. Employing these parameters, changes of skin friction coefficients and velocity profiles compared to nonrotating flow can be reasonably well understood. A Coriolis region where the Coriolis force effect predominates is shown to exist in addition to conventional regions such as viscous and buffer regions. A flow regime diagram that indicates ranges of these regions as a function of Re* and |Ω|v/u2* is given from which the overall flow structure in a rotating channel can be obtained. Experiments have been made in the range of 56 ≤ Re* ≤ 310 and -0.0057 ≤ Ωv/u2* ≤ 0.0030 (these values correspond to Re = 2Um D/v from 1700 to 10000 and rotation number R0 = 2|Ω|D/Um up to 0.055; Um is bulk mean velocity). The characteristic features of velocity profiles and the variation of skin friction coefficients are discussed in relation to the theoretical considerations.
Absolute testing of spherical optics

Interferometric testing of tight tolerance optics commonly requires correction for the errors introduced into the system by the reference surface (commonly referred to as a 'transmission sphere' in commercially available Fizeau phase measuring interferometers (PMIs)). The process of subtracting the reference surface errors from the measured wavefront is commonly, if somewhat misleadingly, referred to as 'absolute testing'. Absolute testing of flats was discussed at the 1992 Optical fabrication and Testing workshop. Here we consider spherical optics.
It’s awe-fully unfamiliar: The effect of familiarity on awe within a virtual reality setting

Awe-inducing scenes are purported to involve vastness and a need for accommodation. Familiarity with a stimulus should reduce the need for accommodation, thereby reducing the intensity of awe experienced. The present study tested the effect of familiarity to a natural awe-inducing scene on the experience of awe. Forty undergraduate participants (N = 40) participated in a virtual reality experiment. Using a within-subjects design, participants viewed (in counterbalanced order) an awe-inducing nature scene that was either familiar or unfamiliar. The dependent measure was self-reported awe. Results confirmed that participants experienced diminished awe while viewing a familiar awe-inducing scene compared to viewing an unfamiliar awe-inducing scene.
Protracted Thermal Evolution of a Migmatitic Terrane as Revealed by Multiple Geochronometers From the Retro‐Arc of the Early Paleozoic Famatinian Orogen in NW Argentina

U‐Pb dates of zircon, monazite, and titanite combined with trace element composition, allows characterization of the thermal evolution of the migmatitic Agua del Sapo complex. This complex comprises Al‐rich and Ca‐rich metasedimentary rocks with a detrital zircon maximum depositional age of 550 Ma. The rocks record two consecutive early Paleozoic orogenies. During subduction associated with the 550–510 Ma Pampean orogeny, the complex was in the fore‐arc region and was intruded by 550–520 Ma granites indicative of anomalous heating possibly related to ridge subduction. During the subsequent 500–440 Ma Famatinian orogeny, the arc migrated trenchwards and the region became part of a retro‐arc that underwent melting at upper‐amphibolite facies. This event was recorded differently by each of the accessory phases. Detrital zircon cores were overgrown by rare Famatinian rims that range from 500 to 420 Ma, while monazite records only Famatinian dates with a growth peak at ∼457 Ma that extends to 410 Ma, possibly due to coupled dissolution‐precipitation. Published titanite dates define a 120 Myr thermal history, starting at ∼500 Ma with temperatures of ∼750°C ± 25°C, ending at 380 Ma and ∼700°C ± 25°C. Cooling was accompanied by a decrease in titanite light rare earth element contents in response to increased abundance of allanite/epidote. Thus, the complementary time‐compositional record of the accessory phases reveals continued high heat flow, associated with deformation, to 380 Ma. This prolonged event blurs the boundary between the Famatinian and the subsequent Achalian/Chanic orogenies and extends the Silurian Rinconada tectonic phase of the Famatinian orogeny to the east into the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas.
Identification of Personality-Related Candidate Genes in Thoroughbred Racehorses Using a Bioinformatics-Based Approach Involving Functionally Annotated Human Genes

Simple Summary By using the Thoroughbred genome variant database to identify orthologues to personality-related human genes, we identified 18 potential personality-related genes in horses. These candidate genes have a total of 55 variants that cause amino acid substitutions when compared to the EquCab3.0 reference genome that may impact the function of the proteins encoded by these genes. Moreover, 15 of the 18 genes have not previously been linked to personality in horses, suggesting that this exploratory approach of related genes using human evidence can be useful for equine behavioral genetics. Although using this bioinformatics approach is less useful for investigating genes affecting personality in horses than it is in humans due to a lack of supporting personality research, this study highlights the potential for the identification of candidate genes. If future studies with equine behavioral datasets validate these potential personality–gene associations, this bioinformatics strategy may become important in the field of equine genetics. Abstract Considering the personality traits of racehorses (e.g., flightiness, anxiety, and affability) is considered essential to improve training efficiency and decrease accident frequency, especially when retraining for a second career that may involve contact with inexperienced personnel after retiring from racing. Studies on human personality-related genes are frequently conducted; however, such studies are rare in horses because a consistent methodology for personality evaluation is lacking. Using the recently published whole genome variant database of 101 Thoroughbred horses, we compared horse genes orthologous to human genes related to the Big Five personality traits, and identified 18 personality-related candidate genes in horses. These genes include 55 variants that involve non-synonymous substitutions that highly impact the encoded protein. Moreover, we evaluated the allele frequencies and functional impact on the proteins in terms of the difference in molecular weights and hydrophobicity levels between reference and altered amino acids. We identified 15 newly discovered genes that may affect equine personality, but their associations with personality are still unclear. Although more studies are required to compare genetic and behavioral information to validate this approach, it may be useful under limited conditions for personality evaluation.
Research on the Impact of Short-Form Video Advertising on Social Media on the Purchase Intention of Gen Z in Vietnam

In recent years, short-form video has become a popular form of advertising on social media. The way consumers make decisions to purchase has changed owing to this new marketing method. This study aims to investigate the impact of informativeness, entertainment, credibility, social interaction, incentives and irritation of short-form video advertising on social media on the purchase intention of Gen Z in Vietnam through user attitude and advertising value. A survey was conducted by collecting responses from 1257 respondents who are Gen Z and familiar with social media, which was later analysed using SmartPLS. The findings revealed that advertising value and user attitude significantly affect customers’ purchase intention. In addition, advertising value is directly affected by informativeness, entertainment and credibility. Meanwhile, user attitude is directly affected by social interaction, incentives and irritation. Finally, the research team propose some solutions for businesses to increase the purchase intention of Gen Z in Vietnam through short-form video advertising on social media.
Vertically aligned conductive carbon nanotube junctions and arrays for device applications

Electrical transport through high-density arrays of carbon nanotubes grown within vertical pores of anodized alumina was measured. Individual nanotubes were studied using conductive tip atomic force microscopy, with bias applied between the tip and platinum back electrode. Multiwalled nanotubes of diameter about 50 nm, with 5 nm thick walls were found to have a resistivity lower than 1.4×10−5 Ω m. A potential barrier was found to exist between the sensing tip and nanotube, resulting in nonlinear current–voltage characteristics. Low-resistance contact was formed by breaking down this barrier, once the circuit was stressed beyond 1.5 V.