Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrical Motor Drivelines in Commercial All-Electric Vehicles: A Review

This paper presents a critical review of the drivelines in all-electric vehicles (EVs). The motor topologies that are the best candidates to be used in EVs are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of each electric motor type are discussed from a system perspective. A survey of the electric motors used in commercial EVs is presented. The survey shows that car manufacturers are very conservative when it comes to introducing new technologies. Most of the EVs on the market mount a single induction or permanent-magnet (PM) motor with a traditional mechanic driveline with a differential. This paper illustrates that comparisons between the different motors are difficult by the large number of parameters and the lack of a recommended test scheme. The authors propose that a standardized drive cycle be used to test and compare motors.
Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Successfully Treated by Left Atrial Ablation

Background—We sought to characterize patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) who were successfully treated by ablation targeting the left atrium (LA). Methods and Results—Ninety-three patients (58±10 years, 79 male) undergoing ablation of persistent AF were studied. During the first procedure, ablation was performed in the LA and coronary sinus, consisting of pulmonary vein isolation, linear ablation, and electrogram-based ablation. During follow-up after the first procedure, 35 patients (38%) remained free from tachyarrhythmias, 27 patients (29%) had atrial tachycardia, and 31 patients (33%) had AF. Duration of persistent AF according to medical history and whether AF was terminated by ablation were associated with the outcome (P=0.005, P=0.004, respectively). In multivariate analysis, the duration of persistent AF was the only predictor of freedom from AF (sinus rhythm or atrial tachycardia) (odds ratio, 0.80 for a 1-year increase; 95% confidence interval, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01). Of 31 patients in whom AF recurred during follow-up, electrogram-based ablation was performed in the right atrium in 26 patients. Sixteen of those patients (62%) remained free from AF during follow-up. Overall, 82% of patients were free from any tachyarrhythmias at 2-year follow-up after a median of 2 procedures. Conclusions—Patients with shorter duration of persistent AF were more likely to be free from AF by LA ablation. Right atrial ablation may provide incremental efficacy in patients who are refractory to LA ablation.
Action Representation of Sound: Audiomotor Recognition Network While Listening to Newly Acquired Actions

The discovery of audiovisual mirror neurons in monkeys gave rise to the hypothesis that premotor areas are inherently involved not only when observing actions but also when listening to action-related sound. However, the whole-brain functional formation underlying such “action–listening” is not fully understood. In addition, previous studies in humans have focused mostly on relatively simple and overexperienced everyday actions, such as hand clapping or door knocking. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to ask whether the human action-recognition system responds to sounds found in a more complex sequence of newly acquired actions. To address this, we chose a piece of music as a model set of acoustically presentable actions and trained non-musicians to play it by ear. We then monitored brain activity in subjects while they listened to the newly acquired piece. Although subjects listened to the music without performing any movements, activation was found bilaterally in the frontoparietal motor-related network (including Broca's area, the premotor region, the intraparietal sulcus, and the inferior parietal region), consistent with neural circuits that have been associated with action observations, and may constitute the human mirror neuron system. Presentation of the practiced notes in a different order activated the network to a much lesser degree, whereas listening to an equally familiar but motorically unknown music did not activate this network. These findings support the hypothesis of a “hearing–doing” system that is highly dependent on the individual's motor repertoire, gets established rapidly, and consists of Broca's area as its hub.
Analyzing MAC protocols for low data-rate applications

The fundamental wireless sensors network (WSN) requirement to be energy-efficient has produced a whole range of specialized medium access control (MAC) protocols. They differ in how performance (latency, throughput) is traded off for a reduction in energy consumption. The question “which protocol is best? ” is difficult to answer because (i) this depends on specific details of the application requirements and hardware characteristics involved, and (ii) protocols have mainly been assessed individually with each outperforming the canonical S-MAC protocol, but with different simulators, hardware platforms, and workloads. This article addresses that void for low data-rate applications where collisions are of little concern, making an analytical approach tractable in which latency and energy consumption are modeled as functions of key protocol parameters (duty cycle, slot length, number of slots, etc.). By exhaustive search we determine the Pareto-optimal protocol settings for a given workload (data rate, network topology). Of the protocols compared we find that WiseMAC strikes the best latency versus energy-consumption tradeoff across the range of workloads considered. In particular, its random access scheme in combination with local synchronization not only minimizes protocol overhead, but also maximizes the available channel bandwidth.
Corrosion Behavior of Low Nickel Alloy High Strength Steel in Seawater Containing Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

Corrosion behaviors of low nickel alloy high strength steel (LNAHSS) was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy when the coupons of LNAHSS were exposed to the seawater culture media. As the results, LNAHSS was uniformly corroded in the fresh sterilized culture medium in a mode of active dissolution; in the culture medium with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), LNAHSS was protected by the iron sulfides layer to some extent in the early stage of exposure, but severely localized corrosion subsequently occurred resulting from the localized breakdown of iron sulfides layer. So, in risks estimation, special precautions should be taken when LNAHSS serves in the environments containing SRB as the localized area can become the tress raiser.
Cross-talk between sulfur assimilation and ethylene signaling in plants

Sulfur (S) deficiency is prevailing all over the world and becoming an important issue for crop improvement through maximising its utilization efficiency by plants for sustainable agriculture. Its interaction with other regulatory molecules in plants is necessary to improve our understanding on its role under changing environment. Our knowledge on the influence of S on ethylene signaling is meagre although it is a constituent of cysteine (Cys) required for the synthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH) and S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), a precursor of ethylene biosynthesis. Thus, there may be an interaction between S assimilation, ethylene signaling and plant responses under optimal and stressful environmental conditions. The present review emphasizes that responses of plants to S involve ethylene action. This evaluation will provide an insight into the details of interactive role of S and ethylene signaling in regulating plant processes and prove profitable for developing sustainability under changing environmental conditions.
Perirhinal cortex and temporal lobe epilepsy

The perirhinal cortex—which is interconnected with several limbic structures and is intimately involved in learning and memory—plays major roles in pathological processes such as the kindling phenomenon of epileptogenesis and the spread of limbic seizures. Both features may be relevant to the pathophysiology of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy that represents the most refractory adult form of epilepsy with up to 30% of patients not achieving adequate seizure control. Compared to other limbic structures such as the hippocampus or the entorhinal cortex, the perirhinal area remains understudied and, in particular, detailed information on its dysfunctional characteristics remains scarce; this lack of information may be due to the fact that the perirhinal cortex is not grossly damaged in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and in models mimicking this epileptic disorder. However, we have recently identified in pilocarpine-treated epileptic rats the presence of selective losses of interneuron subtypes along with increased synaptic excitability. In this review we: (i) highlight the fundamental electrophysiological properties of perirhinal cortex neurons; (ii) briefly stress the mechanisms underlying epileptiform synchronization in perirhinal cortex networks following epileptogenic pharmacological manipulations; and (iii) focus on the changes in neuronal excitability and cytoarchitecture of the perirhinal cortex occurring in the pilocarpine model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Overall, these data indicate that perirhinal cortex networks are hyperexcitable in an animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy, and that this condition is associated with a selective cellular damage that is characterized by an age-dependent sensitivity of interneurons to precipitating injuries, such as status epilepticus.
Automatic Data Restructuring

Data restructuring is often an integral but non-trivial part of information processing, especially when the data structures are fairly complicated. This paper describes the underpinnings of a program, called the Restructurer, that relieves the user of the \thinking and coding" process normally associated with writing procedural programs for data restructuring. The process is accomplished by the Restructurer in two stages. In the rst, the di erences in the input and output data structures are recognized and the applicability of various transformation rules analyzed. The result is a plan for mapping the speci ed input to the desired output. In the second stage, the plan is executed using embedded knowledge about both the target language and run-time e ciency considerations. The emphasis of this paper is on the planning stage. The restructuring operations and the mapping strategies are informally described and explained with mathematical formalism. The notion of solution of a set of instantiated forms with respect to an output form is then introduced. Finally, it is shown that such a solution exists if and only if the Restructurer produces one.
The utility of next-generation sequencing in the evaluation of the posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy 1 locus

Purpose To identify the genetic basis of posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy 1 (PPCD1) using next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the common PPCD1 support interval, in which Sanger sequencing failed to identify a pathogenic mutation. Methods Enrichment of the portion of chromosome 20 containing the common PPCD1 interval was performed on DNA extracted from an affected and an unaffected member of a family previously linked to the PPCD1 locus. NGS using the Roche 454 Titanium platform was performed, followed by computational analysis using NextGENe Software. Results NGS of the selectively enriched chromosomal 20 region between markers D20S48 and D20S190 produced over 400,000 DNA sequence reads with an average of 350 bases for each of the two DNA samples. Alignment of the DNA sequence reads with the reference sequence from the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) resulted in over 119 million matched bases per sample. Approximately 68,000 DNA sequence variants were identified in the common PPCD1 support interval in the affected individual, which was approximately twice the number of sequence variants identified in the unaffected individual. In both individuals, approximately 0.5% of the identified variants mapped to the 13 known and 16 predicted genes in the PPCD1 support interval, including 16 of the 17 (94%) variants previously identified by Sanger sequencing in the 13 known genes. In both individuals, the variant not identified by NGS was located in a region of inadequate coverage. Conclusions NGS identified all of the exonic sequence variants that were previously identified by Sanger sequencing in known genes in adequately covered regions of the common PPCD1 interval, although the pathogenic variant is yet to be discovered. Given adequate coverage of a selectively enriched chromosomal region of interest, NGS represents a useful technique to screen for sequence variants in candidate gene loci that has multiple advantages over previously employed techniques for mutation discovery.
Neuroendocrine Immunoregulation in Multiple Sclerosis

Currently, it is generally accepted that multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex multifactorial disease involving genetic and environmental factors affecting the autoreactive immune responses that lead to damage of myelin. In this respect, intrinsic or extrinsic factors such as emotional, psychological, traumatic, or inflammatory stress as well as a variety of other lifestyle interventions can influence the neuroendocrine system. On its turn, it has been demonstrated that the neuroendocrine system has immunomodulatory potential. Moreover, the neuroendocrine and immune systems communicate bidirectionally via shared receptors and shared messenger molecules, variously called hormones, neurotransmitters, or cytokines. Discrepancies at any level can therefore lead to changes in susceptibility and to severity of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Here we provide an overview of the complex system of crosstalk between the neuroendocrine and immune system as well as reported dysfunctions involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity, including MS. Finally, possible strategies to intervene with the neuroendocrine-immune system for MS patient management will be discussed. Ultimately, a better understanding of the interactions between the neuroendocrine system and the immune system can open up new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of MS as well as other autoimmune diseases.
Datalog Queries Distributing over Components

We investigate the class D of queries that distribute over components. These are the queries that can be evaluated by taking the union of the query results over the connected components of the database instance. We show that it is undecidable whether a (positive) Datalog program distributes over components. Additionally, we show that connected Datalog¬ (the fragment of Datalog¬ where all rules are connected) provides an effective syntax for Datalog¬ programs that distribute over components under the stratified as well as under the well-founded semantics. As a corollary, we obtain a simple proof for one of the main results in previous work [Zinn et al. 2012], namely that the classic win-move query is in F2 (a particular class of coordination-free queries).
Periodic FIR controller synthesis for discrete-time uncertain linear systems

This paper is concerned with robust state-feedback controller synthesis for discrete-time linear periodic/time-invariant systems subject to polytopic-type parametric uncertainties. In recent studies, some of the authors conceived an LMI-based approach to periodically time-varying memory controller (PTVMC) synthesis and proved that this approach is indeed effective to get less conservative robust controller design procedures. However, since the peculiar controller structure requires to reset memory to zero in a periodic way, it is pointed out that the control performance depends on the timing of implementation. In this paper we tackle this issue and propose a reset-less state-feedback Periodic FIR Controller (PFIRC), which turns out to be suitable to improve robustness on periodic and time-invariant systems. Moreover, as a special case, a design condition is provided for FIR-type LTI controllers that robustly stabilize uncertain LTI systems. Numerical examples illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approaches.
Aggregation tree construction in sensor networks

Large-scale wireless sensor networks are expected to play an increasingly important role in future civilian and military settings. Collaborative microsensors could be very effective in monitoring their operations. However, low power and in-network data processing make data-centric routing in wireless sensor networks a challenging problem. In this paper we propose heuristics to construct and maintain an aggregation tree in sensor networks. This aggregation tree can be used to facilitate data-centric routing. The main idea is to turn off the radio of all leaf nodes to save power, and thereby extending the network lifetime. Therefore, in order to save the number of broadcasting messages, only the nonleaf nodes in the tree are in charge of data aggregation and traffic relaying. In this paper, we propose an efficient energy-aware distributed heuristic to generate the aggregation tree, which we refer to as EADAT. Our EADAT algorithm makes no assumption on local network topology, and is based on residual power. It makes use of neighboring broadcast scheduling and distributed competition among neighbors. These novel concepts make EADAT very efficient and effective, as demonstrated by our simulation experiments with NS2.
Auxin-induced degradation dynamics set the pace for lateral root development

Auxin elicits diverse cell behaviors through a simple nuclear signaling pathway initiated by degradation of Aux/IAA co-repressors. Our previous work revealed that members of the large Arabidopsis Aux/IAA family exhibit a range of degradation rates in synthetic contexts. However, it remained an unresolved issue whether differences in Aux/IAA turnover rates played a significant role in plant responses to auxin. Here, we use the well-established model of lateral root development to directly test the hypothesis that the rate of auxin-induced Aux/IAA turnover sets the pace for auxin-regulated developmental events. We did this by generating transgenic plants expressing degradation rate variants of IAA14, a crucial determinant of lateral root initiation. Progression through the well-established stages of lateral root development was strongly correlated with the engineered rates of IAA14 turnover, leading to the conclusion that Aux/IAAs are auxin-initiated timers that synchronize developmental transitions. Highlighted article: Degradation dynamics of the auxin-responsive inhibitor IAA14 act as a tunable timer, controlling both the density and timing of lateral root emergence in Arabidopsis.
Characterization of a Mumps Virus Nucleocapsidlike Particle

ABSTRACT The nucleocapsid protein (NP) of mumps virus (MuV), a paramyxovirus, was coexpressed with the phosphoprotein (P) in Escherichia coli. The NP and P proteins form a soluble complex containing RNA. Under a transmission electron microscope, the NP-RNA complex appears as a nucleocapsidlike ring that has a diameter of approximately 20 nm with 13 subunits. There is a piece of single-stranded RNA with a length of 78 nucleotides in the NP-RNA ring. Shorter RNA pieces are also visible. The MuV NP protein may provide weaker protection of the RNA than the NP protein of some other negative-strand RNA viruses, reflecting the degree of NP protein association.
Overexpression of Selenocysteine Methyltransferase in Arabidopsis and Indian Mustard Increases Selenium Tolerance and Accumulation1

A major goal of phytoremediation is to transform fast-growing plants with genes from plant species that hyperaccumulate toxic trace elements. We overexpressed the gene encoding selenocysteine methyltransferase (SMT) from the selenium (Se) hyperaccumulator Astragalus bisulcatus in Arabidopsis and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). SMT detoxifies selenocysteine by methylating it to methylselenocysteine, a nonprotein amino acid, thereby diminishing the toxic misincorporation of Se into protein. Our Indian mustard transgenic plants accumulated more Se in the form of methylselenocysteine than the wild type. SMT transgenic seedlings tolerated Se, particularly selenite, significantly better than the wild type, producing 3- to 7-fold greater biomass and 3-fold longer root lengths. Moreover, SMT plants had significantly increased Se accumulation and volatilization. This is the first study, to our knowledge, in which a fast-growing plant was genetically engineered to overexpress a gene from a hyperaccumulator in order to increase phytoremediation potential.
Directional guided seismic attributes and their use in assisting structural, stratigraphic and lithological interpretation

Summary Seismic attributes are one quantitative measure inherent in the phase, frequency and amplitude content of reflection and refraction data. Detection of structural and stratigraphic information based on seismic attributes is one of the fundamental workflows when it comes to interpreting subsurface features and seeking reservoir engineering information from seismic data. Not only do we need to identify the correct location of structures and edges like faults, it is of critical importance to understand throw profile behavior along faults and the true location of fault tips for volumetric and spill point analysis. Proper attribute analysis gives an interpreter a tool to help characterize the static and dynamic subsurface characteristics such as lithology terminations, possible juxtapositioning of lithologies and cross fault sealing capabilities to fluid flow. As we move into more complex environments, attributes based on structurally oriented filtering have been used to improve S/N ratios while preserving the discontinuities found in the data thereby enhancing stratigraphic boundaries and lithology terminations. We present an Euler-based method for directional filtering and apply this method to different structurally complex environments. We obtain improved S/N ratios and a more consistent and continuous edge mapping in comparison to conventional isotropic methods. Results for delineating salt in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and detecting fault extents offshore Norway indicate that methods based on structurally oriented filtering can provide increased clarity in the identification and evaluation of subsurface features.