Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integration of the DOLCE top-level ontology into the OntoSpec methodology

This report describes a new version of the OntoSpec methodology for ontology building. Defined by the LaRIA Knowledge Engineering Team (University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France), OntoSpec aims at helping builders to model ontological knowledge (upstream of formal representation). The methodology relies on a set of rigorously-defined modelling primitives and principles. Its application leads to the elaboration of a semi-informal ontology, which is independent of knowledge representation languages. We recently enriched the OntoSpec methodology by endowing it with a new resource, the DOLCE top-level ontology defined at the LOA (IST-CNR, Trento, Italy). The goal of this integration is to provide modellers with additional help in structuring application ontologies, while maintaining independence vis-a-vis formal representation languages. In this report, we first provide an overview of the OntoSpec methodology's general principles and then describe the DOLCE re-engineering process. A complete version of DOLCE-OS (i.e. a specification of DOLCE in the semi-informal OntoSpec language) is presented in an appendix.
Addition-Invariant FO and Regularity

We consider formulas which, in addition to the symbols in the vocabulary, may use two designated symbols \prec and + that must be interpreted as a linear order and its associated addition. Such a formula is called addition-invariant if, for each fixed interpretation of the initial vocabulary, its result is independent of the particular interpretation of \prec and +. This paper studies the expressive power of addition invariant first-order logic, +-inv-FO, on the class of finite strings. Our first main result gives a characterization of the regular languages definable in +-inv-FO: we show that these are exactly the languages definable in FO with extra predicates, denoted by “lm” for short, for testing the length of the string modulo some fixed number. Our second main result shows that every language definable in +-inv-FO, that is bounded or commutative or deterministic context-free, is regular. As an immediate consequence of these two main results, we obtain that +-inv-FO is equivalent to FO(lm) on the class of finite colored sets. Our proof methods involve Ehrenfeucht-Fraïssé games, tools from algebraic automata theory, and reasoning about semi-linear sets.
Adapting International Standard for Asian Language Technologies

Corpus-based approaches and statistical approaches have been the main stream of natural language processing research for the past two decades. Language resources play a key role in such approaches, but there is an insufficient amount of language resources in many Asian languages. In this situation, standardisation of language resources would be of great help in developing resources in new languages. This paper presents the latest development efforts of our project which aims at creating a common standard for Asian language resources that is compatible with an international standard. In particular, the paper focuses on i) lexical specification and data categories relevant for building multilingual lexical resources for Asian languages; ii) a core upper-layer ontology needed for ensuring multilingual interoperability and iii) the evaluation platform used to test the entire architectural framework.
Hydrocarbon-like and oxygenated organic aerosols in Pittsburgh: insights into sources and processes of organic aerosols

A recently developed algorithm (Zhang et al., 2005) has been applied to deconvolve the mass spectra of organic aerosols acquired with the Aerosol Mass Spectrom- eter (AMS) in Pittsburgh during September 2002. The re- sults are used here to characterize the mass concentrations, size distributions, and mass spectra of hydrocarbon-like and oxygenated organic aerosol (HOA and OOA, respectively). HOA accounts for 34% of the measured organic aerosol mass and OOA accounts for 66%. The mass concentra- tions of HOA demonstrate a prominent diurnal profile that peaks in the morning during the rush hour and decreases with the rise of the boundary layer. The diurnal profile of OOA is relatively flat and resembles those of SO 2 and NH + . The size distribution of HOA shows a distinct ul- trafine mode that is commonly associated with fresh emis- sions while OOA is generally concentrated in the accumu- lation mode and appears to be mostly internally mixed with the inorganic ions, such as SO 2 and NH + . These observa- tions suggest that HOA is likely primary aerosol from local, combustion-related emissions and that OOA is secondary or- ganic aerosol (SOA) influenced by regional contributions. There is strong evidence of the direct correspondence of OOA to SOA during an intense new particle formation and growth event, when condensational growth of OOA was ob- served. The fact that the OOA mass spectrum from this event is very similar to that from the entire study suggests that the majority of OOA in Pittsburgh is likely SOA. O3 appears to be a poor indicator for OOA concentration while SO 2 is a relatively good surrogate for this dataset. Since the diurnal averages of HOA track those of CO during day time, oxida- tion/aging of HOA appears to be very small on the time scale of several hours. Based on extracted mass spectra and the likely elemental compositions of major m/z's, the organic mass to organic carbon ratios (OM:OC) of HOA and OOA are estimated at 1.2 and 2. 2µg/µgC, respectively, leading to an average OM:OC ratio of 1.8 for submicron OA in Pitts- burgh during September. The C:O ratio of OOA is estimated at 1:0.8. The carbon contents in HOA and OOA estimated accordingly correlate well to primary and secondary organic carbon, respectively, estimated by the OC/EC tracer tech- nique (assuming POC-to-EC ratio=1). In addition, the total carbon concentrations estimated from the AMS data agree well with those measured by the Sunset Laboratory Carbon analyzer (r 2 =0.87; slope=1.01±0.11). Our results represent the first direct estimate of the OM:OC ratio from highly time- resolved chemical composition measurements.
Psychological research on heuristics meets the law

Heuristics make decisions not only fast and frugally, but often nearly as well as “full” rationality or even better. Using such heuristics should therefore meet health care standards under liability law. But an independent court often has little chance to verify the necessary information. And judgments based on heuristics might appear to have little legitimacy, given the widespread belief in formal rationality.
Beyond Chronicity: Evaluation and Temporality in Spanish-Speaking Children’s Personal Narratives

This chapter focuses on Spanish-speaking children’s evaluation and temporality in the construction of personal narratives. The study analyzes 32 personal narratives produced by 8 Andean Spanish-speaking children from the Andean city of Cusco in Peru All children were monolingual speakers of the Andean Spanish variety and came from lower-middle-class families. Half the children were preschoolers (4;9 to 5;5 years) and the other half were first-graders (6;6 to 7;8 years). Both age groups were balanced in terms of gender. Children were interviewed and tape-recorded by the author using the Conversational Map of Narratives of Real Experiences (McCabe & Rollins, 1994) as the elicitation procedure. Narratives were transcribed using CHAT conventions (MacWhinney, 2000) and were subsequently coded for narrative components (Peterson & McCabe, 1983) and temporal organization (Genette, 1980). Results indicated that contrary to the sequentiality and single-story structure reported as characteristic of U.S. European American English-speaking children, these Andean Spanish-speaking children’s narratives present a distinctive feature labeled herein as structural evaluation. Structural evaluation takes two forms, either (1) a functional deviation from the timeline of real events; or (2) a chain of independent stories connected within the boundaries of a single narrative. These young narrators used these strategies to evaluate a specific point in the narrative, consequently affecting both the temporal organization of events and the episodic complexity of the narratives. Deviations from the timeline are usually identified as indicators of language pathology or immaturity for U.S. European American English-speaking children. In these Andean children’s narratives, conversely, departures from the timeline served a rhetorical function that reflected a sophisticated discourse skill. Results highlight the need of data-driven interpretative approaches of
Review of James G. March, Martin Schulz, and Xueguang Zhou, The Dynamics of Rules: Change in Written Organizational Codes

This is a unique book. March, Schulz, and Zhou have developed an entirely new field of organizational research, which amounts to a sort of ecology of organizational rules, and have developed an elegant theory of that field. One of this book's most important contributions is to bring insights from population ecology theory to the internal operation of the firm. Another is to build on March's ideas about organizational learning. The authors not only develop a new organizational genre and a theory to go with it, but introduce a new kind of data: demographic data on organizational rules. They track every rule created at Stanford over a period of 100 years.
Architecture de sécurité pour les grands systèmes, ouverts, répartis et hétérogènes

Nous avons propose une architecture de securite apte a repondre aux besoins generaux de securite de des systemes heterogenes distribues ouverts a grande echelle. Nous avons procede a d'importants travaux de terrain pour determiner les limitations et les failles des solutions de securite actuellement proposees pour ces systemes et pour etablir quels sont les veritables besoins que doit satisfaire l'architecture de securite, de maniere a reduire les pertes de performances et a assurer une securite robuste. Nous avons notamment identifie l'analyse des besoins, l'analyse du risque, la modelisation des menaces et la faisabilite de mise en œuvre. Le concept de virtualisation des services de securite est introduit pour les services en question. Il est necessaire de disposer d'une totale liberte de choix des mecanismes de securite sous-jacents. Du point de vue de la securite, la virtualisation de la definition d'un service tient compte des besoins de securite qui permettent d'acceder a ce service. Il permet a chaque terminaison participante d'exprimer la politique qu'elle souhaite voir appliquer lorsqu'elle s'engage dans un echange securise avec une autre terminaison. Un mecanisme configurable d'appel des services de securite est propose pour repondre aux besoins de securite des differentes categories d'utilisateurs. Cette approche permet de faire evoluer l'infrastructure de securite avec des effets moindres sur les fonctionnalites de gestion des ressources, qui sont encore en pleine phase d'evolution. En outre, elle permet aux utilisateurs et aux fournisseurs de ressources de configurer l'architecture de securite en fonction de leurs besoins et de leur niveau de satisfaction.
Prudent engineering practice for cryptographic protocols

We present principles for the design of cryptographic protocols. The principles are neither necessary nor sufficient for correctness. They are however helpful, in that adherence to them would have avoided a considerable number of published errors. Our principles are informal guidelines. They complement formal methods, but do not assume them. In order to demonstrate the actual applicability of these guidelines, we discuss some instructive examples from the literature.
Effects of X-Stop Device on Sagittal Lumbar Spine Kinematics in Spinal Stenosis

The X-Stop device is designed to distract the posterior elements of the stenotic segment and place it in flexion to treat neurogenic claudication. Previous biomechanical studies on X Stop have been done in vitro on cadavers looking at disc pressures and segmental range of movements. The objective of this study is to understand the sagittal kinematics in vivo of the lumbar spine at the instrumented and adjacent levels. Twenty-six patients with lumbar spine stenosis underwent 1 or 2 level X-Stop procedure. All had pre- and postoperative positional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in standing, supine, and sitting in flexion and extension. Measurements of disc heights, endplate angles, segmental and lumbar range of movement were performed after placement of X Stop at the stenosed level in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. No significant changes were seen in disc heights, segmental and total lumbar spine movements postoperatively. The X-Stop device does not affect the sagittal kinematics of the lumbar spine in vivo.
An On-Line Analysis of Syntactic Processing in Broca′s and Wernicke′s Aphasia

This paper is about syntactic processing in aphasia. Specifically, we present data concerning the ability of Broca's and Wernicke's aphasic patients to link moved constituents and empty elements in real time. We show that Wernicke's aphasic patients carry out this syntactic analysis in a normal fashion, but that Broca's aphasic patients do not. We discuss these data in the context of some current grammar-based theories of comprehension limitations in aphasia and in terms of the different functional commitments of the brain regions implicated in Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia, respectively.
Mild and moderate asthma is associated with airway goblet cell hyperplasia and abnormalities in mucin gene expression.

Excessive airway mucus is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in asthma, but the relationship between accumulation of mucus and goblet cell size, number, and function is incompletely understood. To address these questions, stored mucin in the epithelium and goblet cell size and number were measured morphometrically, and mucin gene expression was measured by polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in endobronchial biopsies from 13 subjects with mild and moderate asthma and from 12 healthy control subjects. Secreted mucin was measured in induced sputum. We found that stored mucin in the airway epithelium was three times higher than normal in the subjects with asthma (p < 0.005). Goblet cell size was similar in both groups, but goblet cell number was significantly higher in the subjects with asthma (93,043 +/- 15,824 versus 41,959 +/- 9,230/mm3, p < 0.05). In mild asthma (FEV1 > or = 80% pred, n = 7), the level of stored mucin was as high as in moderate asthma (FEV1 < 80% pred, n = 6), but the level of secreted mucin was significantly lower (28.4 +/- 6.3 versus 73.5 +/- 47.5 microg/ml, p < 0.05). Secreted mucin was inversely correlated with stored mucin for the whole asthma group (rs = -0.78, p = 0.007). MUC5AC was the predominant mucin gene expressed in healthy subjects and subjects with asthma, and MUC5AC protein was increased in the subjects with asthma. We conclude that even mild asthma is associated with goblet cell hyperplasia and increased stored mucin in the airway epithelium, whereas moderate asthma is associated with increased stored mucin and secreted mucin. These findings suggest that acute degranulation of hyperplastic goblet cells may represent a mechanism for asthma exacerbations in mild and moderate asthma and that chronic degranulation of goblet cells may contribute to chronic airway narrowing in moderate asthma.
MITRE Meteor: An off‐road autonomous vehicle for DARPA's Grand Challenge

The MITRE Corporation's (McLean, VA) Meteor team fielded an autonomous vehicle that competed in DARPA's 2005 Grand Challenge race. This paper describes the team's approach to building its robotic vehicle, the vehicle and components that let the vehicle see and act, and the computer software that made the vehicle autonomous. Also presented are details of how the team prepared for the race and how their vehicle performed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Descriptive, narrative, and experiential pathways to symbolic ancestors

Abstract Three pathways by which genealogists come to know and symbolically represent their deceased ancestors are proposed. Descriptive, narrative, and experiential pathways contribute both to the construction of ancestors as symbolically real and to genealogists' cognitive, empathic, and affective ties with their creations. The analysis is based on data taken from Canadian genealogists' written answers to an open-ended survey question in 1994, and from face-to-face interviews conducted with Australian convict-descendant genealogists in 1999. The paper concludes with observations on the normative contexts of genealogy, on genealogists' participation in imaginal relations, and on the conditions of immanence, all requiring further research.
Public Administration's Myth of Sisyphus

I f there is such a thing as hell on earth, it must be an academic field in which members are condemned to have the same conversation over and over ad infinitum. Like Sisyphus, public administration appears to have been sentenced to an eternal fate: Ours is to battle over our logic of inquiry but never to get anywhere. There seems little hope of making a difference, but as a card-carrying optimist, I can do no less than try. Since the epic match in the 1950s between Herbert Simon and Dwight Waldo, the critics have been telling the science guys, “You’re not meeting your own scientific standards,” and the science guys reply, “Yes we are, and the only reason you can’t see it is that you don’t understand science. ” Sometimes the scientists seize the offensive: “Your work is inferior because it doesn’t measure up to our scientific standards. ” In this case, the rejoinder is, “Our standards are not inferior, just different. ” In the current clash between Larry Luton and several empiricists (as he calls them), the tactical details vary, but the terrain and battle lines are essentially the same as 50 years ago. And we thought the Battle of the Somme was a pointless struggle! The contest looks at first like one that can be won, but in actuality, the way the battle lines have been drawn guarantees that no winner is possible. It is time to reconfigure the conversation and past time for us to stop slinging paper bullets at one another. Administration & Society Volume 39 Number 8 January 2008 1008-1012 © 2008 Sage Publications 10.1177/0095399707309814 http://aas.sagepub. com hosted at http://online.sagepub. com Disputatio Sine Fine
A Mesoscale Mechanism for Adaptive Mobile Manipulation

A novel, centimeter-scale crawling robot is described. Intended for military and civilian surveillance and search-and-rescue applications, the robot must be small, rugged, and lightweight with robust, reconfigurable capabilities. As a result, a dual-use design employing two arms for both manipulation and locomotion was conceived. The robot consists of two, three-degree-of-freedom arms that can stow completely inside the 75 mm diameter cylindrical body for ballistic deployment. This paper describes the mechanism and design motivation as well as three novel locomotion gaits and a fourth conventional gait. An outline for gait adaptation is suggested for future work.
Dynamical Remodeling of the Transcriptome during Short-Term Anaerobiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Differential Response and Role of Msn2 and/or Msn4 and Other Factors in Galactose and Glucose Media

ABSTRACT In contrast to previous steady-state analyses of the O2-responsive transcriptome, here we examined the dynamics of the response to short-term anaerobiosis (2 generations) in both catabolite-repressed (glucose) and derepressed (galactose) cells, assessed the specific role that Msn2 and Msn4 play in mediating the response, and identified gene networks using a novel clustering approach. Upon shifting cells to anaerobic conditions in galactose medium, there was an acute (∼10 min) yet transient (<45 min) induction of Msn2- and/or Msn4-regulated genes associated with the remodeling of reserve energy and catabolic pathways during the switch from mixed respiro-fermentative to strictly fermentative growth. Concomitantly, MCB- and SCB-regulated networks associated with the G1/S transition of the cell cycle were transiently down-regulated along with rRNA processing genes containing PAC and RRPE motifs. Remarkably, none of these gene networks were differentially expressed when cells were shifted in glucose, suggesting that a metabolically derived signal arising from the abrupt cessation of respiration, rather than O2 deprivation per se, elicits this “stress response. ” By ∼0.2 generation of anaerobiosis in both media, more chronic, heme-dependent effects were observed, including the down-regulation of Hap1-regulated networks, derepression of Rox1-regulated networks, and activation of Upc2-regulated ones. Changes in these networks result in the functional remodeling of the cell wall, sterol and sphingolipid metabolism, and dissimilatory pathways required for long-term anaerobiosis. Overall, this study reveals that the acute withdrawal of oxygen can invoke a metabolic state-dependent “stress response” but that acclimatization to oxygen deprivation is a relatively slow process involving complex changes primarily in heme-regulated gene networks.
A Decomposition Approach to MIMO Interference Relay Networks

In this paper, we consider a class of wireless ad hoc networks, namely two-hop MIMO interference relay network, where L M-antenna source-destination pairs communicate via K relay nodes each equipped with N antennas. Based on recent advances on characterizing the limits of MIMO X channel and the concept of interference alignment, we treat this network as the cascade of two MIMO X networks and decompose it into L non- interfering parallel MIMO relay channels. The rationale behind this approach can be justified by the information theory of MIMO X networks which reveals that they provide higher degrees of freedom than the conventional MIMO interference channels. Signaling, interference alignment, relay selection and simulation results will be presented. Compared to the well-known distributed interference cancellation technique, this approach offers higher capacity for small to medium number of relay nodes at the cost of feeding back CSI from the relays to the source nodes and more advanced signaling.
Pathways to Long-Term Recovery: A Preliminary Investigation

Abstract Recovery from addiction is a lifelong process. While there is a large body of empirical data on the short-term effectiveness (one to two years) of various treatment modalities, very little is known about the processes of recovery over time. This is particularly unfortunate as treatment gains are often short-lived and even multiple treatment episodes do not always succeed in breaking the addiction cycle. Further, treatment represents only one of the paths to recovery. This article reports on a study of individuals in long-term recovery from substance abuse (median = 12 years) and examines the factors they cite as important in establishing and maintaining their recovery status. Key factors reported were social and community support, affiliation with 12-Step organizations and negative consequences of substance use. Implications for clinical practice and future research directions are discussed.