Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep Machine Learning for Forecasting Daily Potential Evapotranspiration in Arid Regions, Case: Atacama Desert Header

Accurately estimating and forecasting evapotranspiration is one of the most important tasks to strengthen water resource management, especially in desert areas such as La Yarada, Tacna, Peru, a region located at the head of the Atacama Desert. In this study, we used temperature, humidity, wind speed, air pressure, and solar radiation from a local weather station to forecast potential evapotranspiration (ETo) using machine learning. The Feedforward Neural Network (Multi-Layered Perceptron) algorithm for prediction was used under two approaches: “direct” and “indirect”. In the first one, the ETo is predicted based on historical records, and the second one predicts the climate variables upon which the ETo calculation depends, for which the Penman-Monteith, Hargreaves-Samani, Ritchie, and Turc equations were used. The results were evaluated using statistical criteria to calculate errors, showing remarkable precision, predicting up to 300 days of ETo. Comparing the performance of the approaches and the machine learning used, the results obtained indicate that, despite the similar performance of the two proposed approaches, the indirect approach provides better ETo forecasting capabilities for longer time intervals than the direct approach, whose values of the corresponding metrics are MAE = 0.033, MSE = 0.002, RMSE = 0.043 and RAE = 0.016.
Characteristics of Placental Histopathology in Women with Uncomplicated Pregnancies Affected by SARS-CoV-2 Infection at the Time of Delivery: A Single-Center Experience

The aim of this study was, firstly, to analyze the histopathological characteristics of placentas in women with uneventful pregnancies and affected by COVID-19 at the time of delivery; and secondly, to correlate histological findings to maternal and neonatal characteristics. In our single-center prospective observational study, 46 placentas from term uncomplicated singleton pregnancies of patients with a documented SARS-CoV-2 infection at the time of delivery underwent histological examination. Despite a normal feto-maternal outcome, most of the placentas (82.6%) presented signs of maternal vascular malperfusion, while features of fetal vascular malperfusion were found in 54% of cases. No correlation was detected between maternal and neonatal characteristics and the severity of blood circulation disease, and abnormal findings were also described in asymptomatic patients. Moreover, we did not find any maternal symptoms or clinical details allowing for the prediction of abnormal placental findings in pregnancy complicated by COVID-19 infection. Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy could lead to acute placental dysfunction.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Parents Regarding Early Childhood Caries Prevention of Preschool Children in Western Region of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

The knowledge and beliefs of parents have an impact on their children’s general and oral health. The objective of this study is to assess knowledge, attitude, and behavior of parents and identify possible associated factors of early childhood caries (ECC) in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Parents aged 18 and older were invited to complete a self-administered, validated questionnaire. Questions covered demographics, knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding ECC etiology and prevention. Of the 644 parents who completed the questionnaire, 51.4% were not aware of the early signs of tooth decay, such as white lines. Pain and trauma were reported as the major reasons for a child to visit a dentist (42.4%). Only 37% of parents were aware of the importance of fissure sealant, and only 23% knew how it is applied. Compared with mothers, fathers were significantly less aware of hidden sugar and the relation between the frequency of consuming breast milk or bottled milk and caries development (p = 0.001). Similarly, fathers were more likely to believe that children could achieve effective teeth cleaning without parental assistance (p = 0.001). Preventive guidance should be provided by oral healthcare providers in Saudi Arabia to improve parents’ knowledge of ECC prevention.
The mean distance to the nth neighbour in a uniform distribution of random points: an application of probability theory

We study different ways of determining the mean distance ⟨rn⟩ between a reference point and its nth neighbour among random points distributed with uniform density in a D-dimensional Euclidean space. First, we present a heuristic method; though this method provides only a crude mathematical result, it shows a simple way of estimating ⟨rn⟩. Next, we describe two alternative means of deriving the exact expression of ⟨rn⟩: we review the method using absolute probability and develop an alternative method using conditional probability. Finally, we obtain an approximation to ⟨rn⟩ from the mean volume between the reference point and its nth neighbour and compare it with the heuristic and exact results.
Ferroelectric properties of lead‐zirconate‐titanate films prepared by laser ablation

Ferroelectric lead‐zirconate‐titanate (PZT) thin films have been deposited by excimer laser ablation on sapphire substrates with and without an electrode. In preparation for the films, O2 gas pressure has greatly influenced the film structure and morphology. For the first time, we have confirmed the ferroelectric properties of PZT films prepared by laser ablation without post‐annealing. It appears to be possible to use these films for nonvolatile random access memories with some additional improvements in the film properties.
Critical exponents of the two dimensional Coulomb gas at the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition

The two dimensional Coulomb gas is the prototypical model of statistical mechanics displaying a special kind of phase transition, named after Berezinskii, Kosterlitz and Thouless. Physicists and mathematicians proposed several predictions about this system. Two of them, valid along the phase transition curve and for small activity, are: a) the long-distance decay of the "fractional charge" correlation is power law, with a multiplicative logarithmic correction; b) in such a decay, the exponent of the power law, as well as the exponent of the logarithmic correction, have a certain precise dependence upon the charge value. In this paper we provide a proof of these two long standing conjectures.
rs12329760 Polymorphism in Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 Gene and Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Mortality

The protease produced by the transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) gene enhances viral infections and has been linked to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pathogenesis. Therefore, this study evaluated the association between TMPRSS2 and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality. TMPRSS2 rs12329760 polymorphism was genotyped using the tetraprimer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction method in 592 dead and 693 improved patients. In the current study, the frequency of TMPRSS2 rs12329760 CC than TT genotypes was significantly lower in improved patients than in dead patients. According to the findings of the multivariate logistic regression test, higher levels of mean age, creatinine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, aspartate aminotransferase, lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, uric acid, and real-time PCR Ct values and TMPRSS2 rs12329760 CC genotype were observed to be associated with increased COVID-19 mortality rates. In conclusion, the TMPRSS2 rs12329760 CC genotype was a polymorphism linked to a significantly higher incidence of severe COVID-19. Further studies are required to corroborate the obtained findings.
AN ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENTAL STRATEGIES FOR POVERTY REDUCTION IN BALOCHISTAN DURING THE YEARS 1972 TO 2020

The purpose of this research paper is to examine the poverty reduction strategies of Pakistan government during the past and present years. In lieu of the regimes of practically every nation, comprising Pakistan, poverty is one of their main priorities. Organizations both domestic and outside in country are continuously researching the policy metrics that showed the reduction in poverty. To aid the country in eliminating poverty, the government has introduced a number of social initiatives throughout the past decades. In addition to the government, other local, national, and international organizations have made significant contributions to the campaign to eradicate poverty. The effectiveness of these social initiatives, however, has received very little investigation, and specifically on the necessity of social policy sectors. Another crucial element, which has been covered in practically every study on poverty, is the gap between the populations of the urban and rural areas. The rural population in Pakistan is still the target of virtually few social initiatives. In order to create innovative humanitarian initiatives that will benefit everyone, the nation's social policy issue requires fresh investigation.
DESCRIPTION OF PARTICLES IN QUANTIZED FIELD THEORY

The problem of establishing the connection between quantized field theory and observations is discussed in a nonrigorous way without recourse to the idea of asymptotic free fields. The method is based on a prescription for the state vector associated with a single physical particle using the interacting field operator. It is shown that the method leads to the usual form for the scattering matrix, obtained via the asymptotic condition, As a second application, the problem of describing an unstable particle is discussed briefly. (auth)
On the generic part of the cohomology of non-compact unitary Shimura varieties

We prove that the generic part of the mod l cohomology of Shimura varieties associated to quasi-split unitary groups of even dimension is concentrated above the middle degree, extending our previous work to a non-compact case. The result applies even to Eisenstein cohomology classes coming from the locally symmetric space of the general linear group, and has been used in joint work with Allen, Calegari, Gee, Helm, Le Hung, Newton, Taylor and Thorne to get good control on these classes and deduce potential automorphy theorems without any self-duality hypothesis. Our main geometric result is a computation of the fibers of the Hodge-Tate period map on compactified Shimura varieties, in terms of similarly compactified Igusa varieties.
Indices for 6 dimensional superconformal field theories

We review some recent developments in the 6 dimensional (2, 0) superconformal field theories, focusing on their Bogomol’nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield (BPS) spectra in the Coulomb and symmetric phases computed by various Witten indices. We shall discuss the instanton partition function of 5d maximal super-Yang–Mills theory, and the 6d superconformal index.
Maximally highly proximal flows

For $G$ a Polish group, we consider $G$ -flows which either contain a comeager orbit or have all orbits meager. We single out a class of flows, the maximally highly proximal (MHP) flows, for which this analysis is particularly nice. In the former case, we provide a complete structure theorem for flows containing comeager orbits, generalizing theorems of Melleray, Nguyen Van Thé, and Tsankov and of Ben Yaacov, Melleray, and Tsankov. In the latter, we show that any minimal MHP flow with all orbits meager has a metrizable factor with all orbits meager, thus ‘reflecting’ complicated dynamical behavior to metrizable flows. We then apply this to obtain a structure theorem for Polish groups whose universal minimal flow is distal.
Integral metaplectic modular categories

A braided fusion category is said to have Property F if the associated braid group representations factor through a finite group. We verify integral metaplectic modular categories have property F by showing these categories are group-theoretical. For the special case of integral categories [Formula: see text] with the fusion rules of [Formula: see text] we determine the finite group [Formula: see text] for which [Formula: see text] is braided equivalent to [Formula: see text]. In addition, we determine the associated classical link invariant, an evaluation of the 2-variable Kauffman polynomial at a point.
Young Children’s Housework Participation in Taiwan: Serial Multiple Mediations

The purpose of this study was to investigate not only the participating in housework but also the parents’ attitude and child’s preference, in relation to children’s health and housework participation in Taiwan. We collected data from the Young Children’s Housework Participation Questionnaire on “Google forms”. A total of 755 parents with preschool children living in Keelung City, Taipei City, and New Taipei City participated through the snowball method. The results showed that children’s health not only directly affected their housework performance but also indirectly influenced their housework participation through the serial multiple mediation of parents’ attitude and the child’s housework preference. Therefore, this study confirms that, when analyzing the factors of children’s housework participation, it is necessary to have a clearer understanding of the relationship between variables to further construct a more complete model framework that affects children’s housework participation. Additionally, it is very important for parenting education to improve parents’ attitude towards the importance of children’s housework and encourage children’s preference for housework.
Relation between Shear Stresses and Flexural Tensile Stresses from Standardized Tests of Extracted Prismatic Specimens of an SFRC Bridge Girder

Experimental research on the direct shear behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete is often carried out using prisms molded with specific dimensions for a standardized test. However, the flow of fresh concrete in these molds can be different than in the case of a full-scale structural element. This is important considering that the flow direction highly influences the distribution and orientation of fibers. In addition, most of the studies did not relate their shear results to other mechanical properties. In contrast, this study attempted to deepen the experimental knowledge of the crack propagation of a steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) used in a full-scale prototype of a bridge box girder built in the laboratory. Prismatic specimens were sawn from webs and top flanges of this prototype. Serving as references, additional specimens were molded in wooden boxes. In a previous study of our research group, both had been tested under a three-point notched bending configuration maintaining test conditions proportional to the EN14651 specifications. From each of the previously flexurally tested specimens, two prismatic specimens suitable for the Fédération Internationale de la Précontrainte (FIP) shear test setup were extracted by adopting a cutting methodology that avoided the damage induced by the flexural tests to be part of the FIP specimens. These FIP specimens were tested in almost pure shear loading conditions for assessing the performance of SFRC. Computer tomography images and photos of the shear failure faces were used to determine the distribution and density of fibers. The results demonstrated that the peak loads were proportional to the fiber density at the shear failure section. Assuming that the SFRC conditions of the webs were representative of a common batching procedure in the construction industry, the results from the tests in specimens extracted from these webs were adopted to establish shear stress/flexural tensile stress ratios vs. crack mouth opening displacement curves. The curves belonging to cross-sections of a similar fiber density in the shear and flexural cases allowed for the proposal of a normalized crack-dilatancy relation composed of three stages of the crack propagation. In addition, a trilinear crack width–slip relation was established using the same set of specimens. The relevancy of this proposal is that the shear response can be estimated from a widely accepted standardized flexural test, which demands a simpler instrumentation and is also easier to execute than the shear setup.
Color Hom-Akivis algebras, Color Hom-Leibniz algebras and Modules over Color Hom-Leibniz algebras

In this paper we introduce color Hom-Akivis algebras and prove that the commutator of any color non-associative Hom-algebra structure map leads to a color Hom-akivis algebra. We give various constructions of color Hom-Akivis algebras. Next we study flexible and alternative color Hom-Akivis algebras. Likewise color Hom-Akivis algebras, we introduce non-commutative color Hom-Leibniz-Poisson algebras and presente several constructions. Moreover we give the relationship between Hom-dialgebras and Hom-Leibniz-Poisson algebras; i.e. a Hom-dialgebras give rise to a Hom-Leibniz-Poisson algebra. Finally we show that twisting a color Hom-Leibniz module structure map by a color Hom-Leibniz algebra endomorphism, we get another one.
Transverse Killing and twistor spinors associated to the basic Dirac operators

We study the interplay between basic Dirac operator and transverse Killing and twistor spinors. In order to obtain results for general Riemannian foliations with bundle-like metric we consider transverse Killing spinors that appear as natural extension of the harmonic spinors associated with the basic Dirac operator. In the case of foliations with basic-harmonic mean curvature it turns out that these Killing spinors and twistor spinors coincide with the standard definition. We obtain the corresponding version of classical results on closed Riemannian manifold with spin structure, extending some previous results.
Optimal fluctuation approach to a directed polymer in a random medium

A modification of the optimal fluctuation approach is applied to study the tails of the free energy distribution function P(F) for an elastic string in quenched disorder both in the regions of the universal behavior of P(F) and in the regions of large fluctuations, where the behavior of P(F) is non-universal. The difference between the two regimes is shown to consist in whether it is necessary or not to take into account the renormalization of parameters by the fluctuations of disorder in the vicinity of the optimal fluctuation.
Neutron induced pion production on C, Al, Cu, and W at neutron energies of 200--600 MeV

Inclusive double differential neutron induced {pi}{sup +} and {pi}{sup {minus}} production cross sections were measured for four separate targets: C, Al, Cu and W. The neutron energy range was 200--600 MeV and the pion angular range was 25{degrees}--125{degrees}. The charge, scattering angle and energy of the pions were measured using a magnetic spectrometer. The measurements are compared with intranuclear cascade (INC) calculations and a previous experiment that measured the sum of the {pi}{sup +} and {pi}{sup {minus}} cross sections. Our data agree with the measured data, but the INC calculations give only moderate agreement with the double differential cross sections as well as with angular distributions and total cross sections as a function of neutron energy. The ratio of {pi}{sup {minus}}:{pi}{sup +} was found to increase rapidly with decreasing neutron energy and the pion production was found to increase approximately as A{sup 2/3} for the different targets. 31 refs., 55 figs., 6 tabs.
Thermally Driven Continuous Rolling of a Thick-Walled Cylindrical Rod

Self-sustained motion can take advantage of direct energy extraction from a steady external environment to maintain its own motion, and has potential applications in energy harvesting, robotic motion, and transportation. Recent experiments have found that a thermally responsive rod can perform self-sustained rolling on a flat hot plate with an angular velocity determined by the competition between the thermal driving moment and the friction moment. A rod with a hollow cross section tends to greatly reduce the frictional resistance, while promising improvements in thermal conversion efficiency. In this paper, through deriving the equilibrium equations for steady-state self-sustained rolling of the thick-walled cylindrical rod, estimating the temperature field on the rod cross-section, and solving the analytical solution of the thermally induced driving moment, the dynamic behavior of the thermally driven self-sustained rolling of the thick-walled cylindrical rod is theoretically investigated. In addition, we investigate in detail the effects of radius ratio, heat transfer coefficient, heat flux, contact angle, thermal expansion coefficient, and sliding friction coefficient on the angular velocity of the self-sustained rolling of the thick-walled cylindrical rod to obtain the optimal ratio of internal and external radius. The results are instructive for the application of thick-walled cylindrical rods in the fields of waste heat harvesters and soft robotics.
An Enriques involution of a supersingular K3 surface over odd characteristic

In this paper, we prove, as the complex case, a supersingular K3 surface over a field of odd characteristic has an Enriques involution if and only if there exists a primitive embedding of the twice of the Enriques lattice into the Neron-Severi group such that the orthogonal complement of the embedding has no vector of self-intersection -2 using the Crystalline Torelli theorem. By this criterion and some lattice calculation, we prove that when the characteristic of the base field is p=19 or p>23, a superingular K3 surface is an Enriques K3 surface if and only if the Artin invariant is less than 6.
Critical values of Gaussian SU(2) random polynomials

In this note, we will get the estimate of the expected distribution of critical values of Gaussian SU(2) random polynomials as the degree large enough. The result is a direct application of the Kac-Rice formula. The critical values will accumulate at infinity, we further study the rate of this convergence and its rescaling limit as $n\to\infty$.