Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Timing Interruptions for Better Human-Computer Coordinated Planning

Recent developments in the area of automated systems for planning and scheduling demonstrate the potential for autonomous agents to collaborate with and support teams of people operating in highly dynamic environments (Schurr et al. 2005). A wide variety of mission-critical domains exhibit such highly dynamic environments, ranging from first responders (Wagner et al. 2004), through exploration of remote planets and cleanup of hazardous sites to terror theaters and military conflicts (McClure 2000). In such environments, autonomous agents (which we will refer to as coordinators1), that are designed to efficiently process the rich set of information affecting the planning problem (Myers et al. 2002), have the potential of suggesting alternative courses of action (given limited time for decision making and changing plans) which more effectively achieve mission objectives. Such coordinators can take on responsibility for changes in task schedules, thus freeing people involved in doing tasks from being unnecessarily overburdened, especially in times of crisis when plans need to be adapted to new circumstances (Schurr et al. 2005; McClure 2000). While intuitive human-computer interfaces and intelligent team coordination are important, critical failures will occur unless human-agent interaction is appropriately managed (Schurr et al. 2005). A fundamental requirement for any system that is to collaborate with people is to have the appropriate division of labor (Shieber 1996); the coordinator must know which decisions it can make and when to defer to or consult people on the team (or other agents). Furthermore, to be effective, coordinators must be able to adapt appropriately to the skills and knowledge of their human teammates; that is, they must have adjustable autonomy. Given the increased complexity and dynamic stochastic nature of events and changes in such domains (as well as the potential for schedule failures to be costly or catastrophic), many proposed implementations of coordination and planning systems rely on a distributed design, emphasizing scalability and responsiveness (Wagner et al. 2004). In these settings, individual coordinators are associated with specific participants (team leaders, units commanders, which we will refer to as owners) in the organizational hierarchy. The design of coordinators must take into consideration several important factors. First, the goal of coordinators is to maximize an overall team-objective and pre-defined utility rather than to maximize the specific preferences or utility of an individual owner. Consequently, the focus of interac-
Head and Neck Cancer as a Model for Advances in Imaging Prognosis, Early Assessment, and Posttherapy Evaluation

Novel noninvasive functional imaging methods are necessary to predict therapeutic outcome and thereby improve the ability to properly select patients for treatment with both conventional and targeted therapies, to better evaluate therapeutic effectiveness during the early phases of treatment, and to enhance a priori risk assessment for treatment induced toxicity. Functional metabolic imaging typically involves pretreatment baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or positron emission tomographic (PET) scans and performance of subsequent scans during and/or after treatment. Imaging parameter changes are routinely attributed to the intervening therapy and clinical outcomes subsequently correlated with these changes. The physiologic parameter(s) that best correlate with clinical outcome and the relative utility of MRI versus PET are unknown, however. Furthermore, tumor vascular physiology and metabolic parameters are heterogeneous and dynamic processes. Large daily fluctuations often occur in the absence of treatment. The magnitude of this temporal variability is not established for MRI or for PET. Routine and meaningful clinical application of functional imaging requires understanding and quantification of the intrinsic variability of the underlying biologic processes and a demonstration that treatment-induced changes exceed intrinsic temporal variation.
Interaction Detection via Probabilistic Fuzzy Logic for Coupled Dynamical Systems

Interaction detection for coupled dynamical systems plays a key role in understanding natural complex systems, and it is a difficult problem to establish the presence of coupling and interaction in the case of nonlinearity and noise. In this paper, a novel interaction detection algorithm has been proposed based on the probabilistic fuzzy logic by testing the degree of changes of one dynamical system caused by the other dynamical system with the observation time series of these two systems. The simulation results on the weekly coupled Henon maps show that the proposed algorithm with higher order of Markov property becomes more robust as noise increase in the observation data.
Enhancing personalization and learner engagement through context-aware recommendation in TEL

Providing a personalized learning experience that caters for individual learner's needs within the learner's context of use is crucial in achieving effective learning in a technology enhanced learning (TEL) environment. However, achieving personalization amidst diverse and rich environment within which learning takes place still remains a major challenge. Though adaption has been proposed to provide learners with learning experiences that are tailored to their particular educational needs, however, one of its limitation is user involvement. Absolute machine control is not always desirable considering the intellectual presence of human-beings. Furthermore learner engagement is one of crucial elements for realizing effective learning. Therefore, this study aims at exploring how context-awareness can support a personalized and engaged learning experience. The study in particular proposes the use of context-aware recommendation mechanism and the consideration of learner's preference to learning as approaches for achieving personalization and learner engagement.
Perceived Cancer Risk: Why Is It Lower Among Nonwhites than Whites?

Background: We explored racial/ethnic differences in perceived cancer risk and determinants of these differences in a nationally representative sample of whites, blacks, Hispanics, and Asians. Methods: Multiple regression techniques, including mediational analyses, were used to identify determinants and quantify racial/ethnic differences in the perception of the risk of developing cancer among 5,581 adult respondents to the 2007 Health Information Trends Survey (HINTS). Results: Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians reported lower perceived cancer risk than whites [Bs = −0.40, −0.34, and −0.69, respectively; (Ps < 0.001)]. Contributing factors included relatively lower likelihood of reporting a family history of cancer, lower likelihood of having smoked, and a less strong belief that everything causes cancer among nonwhites than among whites. Racial/ethnic differences in perceived risk were attenuated in older respondents because perceived cancer risk was negatively associated with age for whites but not for nonwhites. Conclusions: Nonwhites had lower perceptions of cancer risk than whites. Some of the racial/ethnic variability in perceived risk may be due to racial and ethnic differences in awareness of one's family history of cancer and its relevance for cancer risk, experiences with behavioral risk factors, and salience of cancer risk information. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(3); 746–54
Analyzing the public events' influence via open microblogging APIs

Microblog is a popular network platform in which people share personal experiences and discuss public events that they concern. Some researchers measure the influence of public events by analyzing the related messages on Microblog. We have found that web counters on web pages contain a lot of useful information. This paper proposes an evaluation model to provide several quantification indicators of public events' influence (PEI). PEI indicators are calculated by the data available from open microblogging APIs. For examples, the number of users' followers and the number of times that a message is forwarded and commented. The impacts of some important factors on PEI have also been studied, such as users' genders, users' geography locations and the processes of events. Extensive experiments have been carried out using data from Sina Weibo. The results show that public events have greater influence around the places where the events happen, and have more impacts to the male. Moreover, the proposed method can exactly capture the key times of one public event by observing the peaks of the PEI trajectory.
High-Throughput Sequencing to Reveal Genes Involved in Reproduction and Development in Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Background Tephritid fruit flies in the genus Bactrocera are of major economic significance in agriculture causing considerable loss to the fruit and vegetable industry. Currently, there is no ideal control program. Molecular means is an effective method for pest control at present, but genomic or transcriptomic data for members of this genus remains limited. To facilitate molecular research into reproduction and development mechanisms, and finally effective control on these pests, an extensive transcriptome for the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis was produced using the Roche 454-FLX platform. Results We obtained over 350 million bases of cDNA derived from the whole body of B. dorsalis at different developmental stages. In a single run, 747,206 sequencing reads with a mean read length of 382 bp were obtained. These reads were assembled into 28,782 contigs and 169,966 singletons. The mean contig size was 750 bp and many nearly full-length transcripts were assembled. Additionally, we identified a great number of genes that are involved in reproduction and development as well as genes that represent nearly all major conserved metazoan signal transduction pathways, such as insulin signal transduction. Furthermore, transcriptome changes during development were analyzed. A total of 2,977 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between larvae and pupae libraries, while there were 1,621 DEGs between adults and larvae, and 2,002 between adults and pupae. These DEGs were functionally annotated with KEGG pathway annotation and 9 genes were validated by qRT-PCR. Conclusion Our data represent the extensive sequence resources available for B. dorsalis and provide for the first time access to the genetic architecture of reproduction and development as well as major signal transduction pathways in the Tephritid fruit fly pests, allowing us to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying courtship, ovipositing, development and detailed analyses of the signal transduction pathways.
A Study of Convolution Tree Kernel with Local Alignment

This paper discusses a new convolution tree kernel by introducing local alignments. The main idea of the new kernel is to allow some syntactic alternations during each match between subtrees. In this paper, we give an algorithm to calculate the composite kernel. The experiment results show promising improvements on two tasks: semantic role labeling and question classification.
Zero-Point Corrections for Isotropic Coupling Constants for Cyclohexadienyl Radical, C6H7 and C6H6Mu: Beyond the Bond Length Change Approximation

Zero-point vibrational level averaging for electron spin resonance (ESR) and muon spin resonance (µSR) hyperfine coupling constants (HFCCs) are computed for H and Mu isotopomers of the cyclohexadienyl radical. A local mode approximation previously developed for computation of the effect of replacement of H by D on 13C-NMR chemical shifts is used. DFT methods are used to compute the change in energy and HFCCs when the geometry is changed from the equilibrium values for the stretch and both bend degrees of freedom. This variation is then averaged over the probability distribution for each degree of freedom. The method is tested using data for the methylene group of C6H7, cyclohexadienyl radical and its Mu analog. Good agreement is found for the difference between the HFCCs for Mu and H of CHMu and that for H of CHMu and CH2 of the parent radical methylene group. All three of these HFCCs are the same in the absence of the zero point average, a one-parameter fit of the static HFCC, a(0), can be computed. That value, 45.2 Gauss, is compared to the results of several fixed geometry electronic structure computations. The HFCC values for the ortho, meta and para H atoms are then discussed.
Cyanobacterial Blue Color Formation during Lysis under Natural Conditions

ABSTRACT Cyanobacteria produce numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as β-cyclocitral, geosmin, and 2-methylisoborneol, which show lytic activity against cyanobacteria. Among these compounds, only β-cyclocitral causes a characteristic color change from green to blue (blue color formation) in the culture broth during the lysis process. In August 2008 and September 2010, the lysis of cyanobacteria involving blue color formation was observed at Lake Tsukui in northern Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. We collected lake water containing the cyanobacteria and investigated the VOCs, such as β-cyclocitral, β-ionone, 1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-phenylethanol, as well as the number of cyanobacterial cells and their damage and pH changes. As a result, the following results were confirmed: the detection of several VOCs, including β-cyclocitral and its oxidation product, 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid; the identification of phycocyanin based on its visible spectrum; the lower pH (6.7 and 5.4) of the lysed samples; and characteristic morphological change in the damaged cyanobacterial cells. We also encountered the same phenomenon on 6 September 2013 in Lake Sagami in northern Kanagawa Prefecture and obtained almost the same results, such as blue color formation, decreasing pH, damaged cells, and detection of VOCs, including the oxidation products of β-cyclocitral. β-Cyclocitral derived from Microcystis has lytic activity against Microcystis itself but has stronger inhibitory activity against other cyanobacteria and algae, suggesting that the VOCs play an important role in the ecology of aquatic environments.
(Re)locating (I)dentity With(in) Politicized (Re)presentation of Fe/Male Body in Kamala Das’ Poetry

This paper is going to argue that the selected poems of renowned Indian poet Kamala Das are inclined to relocate both feminine and masculine identity through the politicized representation of body. Kamala Das’ representation of body in her poems has always been viewed as a medium of re-historicizing the pain, sufferings, and psychological trauma that a woman goes through in a patriarchal society. Though apparently female body seems to be submissive under patriarchal dominance but this paper reveals how female body in Das’ poems acts as a powerful agent over the male body. The objective of this paper is to analyze and evaluate kamala Das’ representation of body to understand the gender reality in a patriarchal society, to question the existing discourse of sexed/gendered identity, to find a new way of viewing to both female and male body. Echoing Beauvoir, Judith Butler and Hall, this paper is going to analyze how Kamala Das represents body as an important factor in her poems to fight back the normative concept of identity based on patriarchal sex and/or gender stereotypes. Keywords: identity, body, sex/gender, performativity, representation
Susceptibility testing breakpoints for Mycobacterium tuberculosis categorize isolates with resistance mutations in gyrA as susceptible to fluoroquinolones: implications for MDR-TB treatment and the definition of XDR-TB.

OBJECTIVES Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are important in the treatment of MDR-TB and in the definition of XDR-TB. Our objective was to investigate how discrepancies in the phenotypic and genotypic methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing could affect the interpretation of antimicrobial susceptibility test results. METHODS We analysed MICs of ofloxacin and levofloxacin in Middlebrook 7H10 broth (7H10) as well as sequencing of the quinolone resistance-determining region of the gyrA gene and the MTBDRsl assay in 75 resistant isolates, including MDR and XDR strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. RESULTS Among 75 resistant isolates, 27 had mutations associated with FQ resistance. Among isolates with resistance mutations in gyrA, 26% (seven of 27) were susceptible to levofloxacin and ofloxacin by phenotypic testing at 1 mg/L and 2 mg/L. The most common mutation was in codon 94 and these isolates had significantly increased MICs of levofloxacin (2-8 mg/L) compared with isolates with mutations in codon 90 (0.25-2 mg/L, P < 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity for the MTBDRsl assay compared with gyrA sequencing were 96% and 98%, respectively. CONCLUSION Current critical concentrations may classify up to 26% of isolates with gyrA mutations as susceptible to FQs due to a close relationship between susceptible and resistant populations. These results should be considered while improving clinical breakpoints for M. tuberculosis and may have an impact on the definition of XDR-TB.
The Biology of Arteriosclerosis

The experimental approach to the study of arteriosclerosis has yielded disappointing results in comparison to the vast effort expended upon the problem. Any new method of attack excites interest, and it is the special virtue of this monograph to have placed in evidence, with great clarity and a profusion of beautiful illustrations, the existence of a rich intramural vascular plexus, which has almost completely escaped the recognition of experienced pathologists. The methods used are not new ones-injection of India ink under pressure , followed by clearing with glycerine or by the Spalteholz method-but so far as the reviewer is aware, these well-tried technics have not hitherto been applied to a study of the vascular supply of normal or diseased blood vessel walls. They bring out, with startling definition, the presence of rami-fying blood vessels derived from three sources-the nutrient vessels of the adventitia, the main trunks of arterial branches close to their point of exit in their passage through the arterial wall, and small vessels arising directly from the lumen of the parent vessel. It is possible at times to distinguish arterial and venous branches, and to demonstrate the anastomoses of the latter with the venous channels of the adventitia. While it was found difficult to demonstrate this vascular network in the normal systemic arteries of man, the pulmonary aorta and the vena cava were very successfully injected; and in large animals, particularly the cow, excellent preparations were obtained. In general, the richest vascular plexuses were found in the vicinity of arteriosclerotic plaques, and it was this correlation which led the authors to ascribe an important role to the nutrient vessels in the genesis of the arteriosclerotic lesion. They discard the idea of a degen-erative process as a vague and outmoded conception which has retarded the progress of our knowledge; and they ascribe the pathogenesis of the lesions to exudation and subsequent organization of material derived primarily from the blood vessels of the arterial wall. They emphasize particularly the frequent occurrence of hemorrhages, amorphous products of blood destruction, and pigment, and even credit the extravasated blood with being the main source of the atheromatous material. Furthermore, they describe the occurrence of thrombi and of calcific deposits analogous to phleboliths within the lumina of these intramural vessels. The problem of arteriosclerosis therefore resolves itself, not into the causes of senescence or of tissue "degeneration," but into an inquiry into the specific …
Lantibiotic Immunity: Inhibition of Nisin Mediated Pore Formation by NisI

Nisin, a 3.4 kDa antimicrobial peptide produced by some Lactococcus lactis strains is the most prominent member of the lantibiotic family. Nisin can inhibit cell growth and penetrates the target Gram-positive bacterial membrane by binding to Lipid II, an essential cell wall synthesis precursor. The assembled nisin-Lipid II complex forms pores in the target membrane. To gain immunity against its own-produced nisin, Lactococcus lactis is expressing two immunity protein systems, NisI and NisFEG. Here, we show that the NisI expressing strain displays an IC50 of 73±10 nM, an 8–10-fold increase when compared to the non-expressing sensitive strain. When the nisin concentration is raised above 70 nM, the cells expressing full-length NisI stop growing rather than being killed. NisI is inhibiting nisin mediated pore formation, even at nisin concentrations up to 1 µM. This effect is induced by the C-terminus of NisI that protects Lipid II. Its deletion showed pore formation again. The expression of NisI in combination with externally added nisin mediates an elongation of the chain length of the Lactococcus lactis cocci. While the sensitive strain cell-chains consist mainly of two cells, the NisI expressing cells display a length of up to 20 cells. Both results shed light on the immunity of lantibiotic producer strains, and their survival in high levels of their own lantibiotic in the habitat.
[Neurilemmoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (report of 12 cases)].

OBJECTIVE To further understand the neurilemmoma of nose. METHOD 12 cases of neurilemmomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were treated successfully by operation, 2 cases of malignant change lesions were treated by extensive resection and radiation. RESULT 11 in 12 cases were followed up. 9 cases were cured and no any serious complications, 2 cases of malignant tumor were died. CONCLUSION Early stage diagnosis is important. CT scan should be made as essential examination, complete surgical resection is the choice of treatment for primary lesions; malignant change lesions should be treated by combined operation with radiation.
System Support for Implicitly Parallel Programming

Implicit parallelization involves developing parallel algorithms and applications in environments that provide sequential semantics, e.g., the C programming language. System tools convert the parallel algorithms into a set of threads partitioned appropriately for a particular parallel machine organization. The resulting parallel programs are easier and faster to develop, debug and maintain, because the programmer can request a meaningful and well defined program state at any point of execution. The contribution of this paper is a case study of a video encoding application. We show that error checking code, code reuse, and variable scoping interfere with parallelization. We suggest that system tools must perform reactive and speculative transformations if they are to reduce this tension between application robustness and parallelization.
A Slovene Translation of the System Usability Scale: The SUS-SI

The System Usability Scale (SUS) is a widely adopted and studied questionnaire for usability evaluation. It is technology independent and has been used to evaluate the perceived usability of a broad range of products, including hardware, software, and websites. In this article we present a Slovene translation of the SUS (the SUS-SI) along with the procedure used in its translation and psychometric evaluation. The results indicated that the SUS-SI has properties similar to the English version. Slovene usability practitioners should be able to use the SUS-SI with confidence when conducting user research.
Metformin pathways: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

Departments of Genetics, Bioengineering, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford University, Stanford and Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA Correspondence to Teri E. Klein, PhD, Department of Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford University, 1501 California Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA Tel: + 1 650 725 0659; fax: + 1 650 725 3863; e-mail: feedback@pharmgkb.org