Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insect Neuropeptide Bursicon Homodimers Induce Innate Immune and Stress Genes during Molting by Activating the NF-κB Transcription Factor Relish

Background Bursicon is a heterodimer neuropeptide composed of two cystine knot proteins, bursicon α (burs α) and bursicon β (burs β), that elicits cuticle tanning (melanization and sclerotization) through the Drosophila leucine-rich repeats-containing G protein-coupled receptor 2 (DLGR2). Recent studies show that both bursicon subunits also form homodimers. However, biological functions of the homodimers have remained unknown until now. Methodology/Principal Findings In this report, we show in Drosophila melanogaster that both bursicon homodimers induced expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in neck-ligated adults following recombinant homodimer injection and in larvae fat body after incubation with recombinant homodimers. These AMP genes were also up-regulated in 24 h old unligated flies (when the endogenous bursicon level is low) after injection of recombinant homodimers. Up-regulation of AMP genes by the homodimers was accompanied by reduced bacterial populations in fly assay preparations. The induction of AMP expression is via activation of the NF-κB transcription factor Relish in the immune deficiency (Imd) pathway. The influence of bursicon homodimers on immune function does not appear to act through the heterodimer receptor DLGR2, i.e. novel receptors exist for the homodimers. Conclusions/Significance Our results reveal a mechanism of CNS-regulated prophylactic innate immunity during molting via induced expression of genes encoding AMPs and genes of the Turandot family. Turandot genes are also up-regulated by a broader range of extreme insults. From these data we infer that CNS-generated bursicon homodimers mediate innate prophylactic immunity to both stress and infection during the vulnerable molting cycle.
Effect of varying levels of neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients on intake and growth of Holstein heifers.

Intake, growth, DM intake, BW, and wither height were recorded from 108 Holstein heifers weighing between 100 and 400 kg. Heifers were divided into two blocks based on beginning BW (mean = 182 kg, light and mean = 270 kg, heavy). Heifers within blocks were assigned randomly to one of five treatments for the 35-d trial to examine effects of dietary NDF and TDN on growth. Light heifer treatments were 35, 45, or 50% of NDF at 100% of NRC TDN recommendation and 85 and 115% of NRC TDN at 45% NDF. Heavy heifer treatments were 40, 50, or 60% of NDF at 100% NRC TDN and 85 and 115% of TDN at 50% NDF. Total mixed rations formulated for . 68 kg/d of BW gain were fed. Rations contained corn silage, alfalfa haylage, ground orchardgrass hay, soybean meal, high moisture corn, and a mineral mix. Mean DM intake (kilograms per day) and BW (kg) were 5.9, 217 and 7.28, 311, respectively, for the light and heavy blocks. Mean BW gain (kilograms per day) and growth in wither height (centimeters per day) were 1.07, . 122 and . 96, . 076, respectively, for light and heavy blocks. Maximal DM intake per kilogram of BW.75 occurred at 41% NDF, below which NDF and ADF correlations with DM intake per kilogram BW.75 were -. 16 and -. 42. Above 41% NDF, correlations were -. 28 and -. 21. Ration NDF content had more influence than TDN on intake and growth of heifers with less than 200 kg BW. Above 200 kg BW, heifer performance more closely reflected the changes in ration energy content (TDN); NDF had less effect.
Stereotyped pathway selection by growth cones of early epiphysial neurons in the embryonic zebrafish.

In this report we have examined the development of one of the earliest projections in the embryonic zebrafish brain, that from the epiphysis. Epiphysial axons and growth cones were labelled anterogradely in whole-mounted brains, using either the carbocyanine dye, diI, or horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Some embryos were also either stained with anti-acetylated tubulin or HNK-1 antibodies to reveal other axons in the brain, or were secondarily sectioned for light and electron microscopy. The epiphysial axons have a very specific projection pattern and virtually all axons grow precisely to their target regions without error. The first epiphysial growth cone extends ventrally from the epiphysis into the dorsoventral diencephalic tract at 19-20 h post-fertilisation (h PF). Several hours later, it turns rostrally to grow alongside axons in the tract of the postoptic commissure. The morphology of the leading growth cone changes in predictable ways at different locations along its pathway and these changes correlate with differences in the local environment that it encounters. In contrast to other published descriptions of other developing systems, the epiphysial growth cone is no more complex either when pioneering a pathway, or when encountering divergent axonal pathways. Indeed, it is most complex (i.e. has the greatest number of processes) when it first starts to follow the tract of the postoptic commissure. The presence and selective retention of filopodia within other axonal pathways suggests that growth cones have access to these pathways but do not select them. These observations support the notion that local guidance cues exist within the early scaffold of brain tracts. Subsequent epiphysial axons form a tight fascicle within the dorsoventral diencephalic tract, but abruptly defasciculate from each other upon turning rostrally into the tract of the postoptic commissure. Epiphysial growth cones that enter this tract at abnormal locations still turn in the appropriate direction. Therefore, guidance cues are not restricted solely to the normal intersections but may be distributed along the length of the tracts. The epiphysial growth cones and axons have very characteristic spatial relations to other axons in the tracts of the developing brain. They are restricted to the dorsal region of the tract of the postoptic commissure and the rostral region of the postoptic commissure. At early developmental stages, the epiphysial axons are the only axons within the dorsoventral diencephalic tract and they are located very superficially within the neuroepithelium. At later stages, they are displaced to deeper regions of the neuropil by non-epiphysial axons.
Stroke-like Migraine Attacks after Radiation Therapy Syndrome

Objective: To summarize the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, neuroimaging, treatment, and outcome of stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome, and to propose diagnostic criteria for this disorder. Data Sources: We searched the PubMed database for articles in English published from 1995 to 2015 using the terms of “stroke-like AND migraine AND radiation. ” Reference lists of the identified articles and reviews were used to retrieve additional articles. Study Selection: Data and articles related to late-onset effects of cerebral radiation were selected and reviewed. Results: SMART is a rare condition that involves complex migraines with focal neurologic deficits following cranial irradiation for central nervous system malignancies. The recovery, which ranges from hours to days to weeks, can be partial or complete. We propose the following diagnostic criteria for SMART: (1) Remote history of therapeutic external beam cranial irradiation for malignancy; (2) prolonged, reversible clinical manifestations mostly years after irradiation, which may include migraine, seizures, hemiparesis, hemisensory deficits, visuospatial defect, aphasia, confusion and so on; (3) reversible, transient, unilateral cortical gadolinium enhancement correlative abnormal T2 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery signal of the affected cerebral region; (4) eventual complete or partial recovery, the length of duration of recovery ranging from hours to days to weeks; (5) no evidence of residual or recurrent tumor; (6) not attributable to another disease. To date, no specific treatment has been identified for this syndrome. Conclusions: SMART is an extremely rare delayed complication of brain irradiation. However, improvements in cancer survival rates have resulted in a rise in its frequency. Hence, awareness and recognition of the syndrome is important to make a rapid diagnosis and avoid aggressive interventions such as brain biopsy and cerebral angiography.
Cyclophilin involvement in the replication of hepatitis C virus and other viruses

Abstract In recent months, there has been a wealth of promising clinical data suggesting that a more effective treatment regimen, and potentially a cure, for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is close at hand. Leading this push are direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), currently comprising inhibitors that target the HCV protease NS3, the viral polymerase NS5B, and the non-structural protein NS5A. In combination with one another, along with the traditional standard-of-care ribavirin and PEGylated-IFNα, these compounds have proven to afford tremendous efficacy to treatment-naíve patients, as well as to prior non-responders. Nevertheless, by targeting viral components, the possibility of selecting for breakthrough and treatment-resistant virus strains remains a concern. Host-targeting antivirals are a distinct class of anti-HCV compounds that is emerging as a complementary set of tools to combat the disease. Cyclophilin (Cyp) inhibitors are one such group in this category. In contrast to DAAs, Cyp inhibitors target a host protein, CypA, and have also demonstrated remarkable antiviral efficiency in clinical trials, without the generation of viral escape mutants. This review serves to summarize the current literature on Cyps and their relation to the HCV viral life cycle, as well as other viruses.
Genetic control of the immune response to staphylococcal nuclease. VII. Role of non-H-2-linked genes in the control of the anti-nuclease antibody response

The role of non-H-2-linked genes in the control of the antibody response to staphylococcal nuclease has been investigated. 3 wk after immunization with nuclease in complete Freund's adjuvant, strain A/J (H-2 a) mice produced significantly higher titers of antibody than strain B10.A (H-2(a)) mice, whereas mice of strains A.BY (H-2(b)) and B10 (H-2(b)) produced barely detectable titers. With hyperimmunization, A/J and A.BY mice reached the same peak levels for antibody titers, both severalfold higher than those reached by B10.A and B10 mice. Analysis of the specificity of antibodies by assessment of binding to two fragments of nuclease showed similarities between strains of the same H-2 haplotype. These results suggest that although H-2-1inked genes determined initial responsiveness at 3 wk and the relative proportions of antibodies directed toward different antigenic determinants on the nuclease molecule, non-H-2-linked genes determined the overall magnitude of the hyperimmuneresponse. Measurement of the affinity of the antibodies to the nuclease fragment (1-126) showed that strains B10 and B10.A produced antibodies with 7- to 10-fold higher affinity than comparable antibodies from strains A.BY and A/J. In a backcross of (B10.A × A/J) × B10.A, the level of antibody segregated independently of the Ig-1(e) C(H) allotype and the A/J anti-nuclease idiotypes. Thus, a gene(s) linked to neither H-2 nor heavy chain structural genes appears to control the aggregate response to antigenic determinants on the nuclease molecule independent of subspecificities of these antibodies or their idiotype.
Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment

This paper describes the necessity for, and the development of an assessment for dysarthria. The short easy assessment described has been found to have acceptable inter-rater reliability, even between Speech Therapists who have not been trained to use the test. The clinical value of the test has been proven with its use with more than a hundred patients. However, there are several areas that point to the necessity of further research.
Relating Social Media Technologies to Performance: A Capabilities-Based Perspective

In response to the dramatic social and technological shifts that are now shaping business–customer relationships, businesses are finding it necessary to alter their approach toward customer relationship management (CRM) and develop new capabilities that facilitate customer value co-creation. This paper presents a conceptual framework that extends a traditional view of CRM by incorporating social media technologies, and it suggests how these technologies can lead to greater firm performance. Forwarding this framework has two goals. First, despite the common use of the term “social CRM,” there is no clear linkage between the existing body of CRM literature and the extensions provided by the social and technological developments in recent years. The proposed framework attempts to provide this linkage and to expand the view of how CRM can influence firm performance in the age of the social customer. The second goal is to provide managers with a depiction of how existing CRM investments and resources can be integrated with new technologies and processes to form capabilities that can improve business performance.
Psychosocial impact of malocclusion in Spanish adolescents

Objective To evaluate the psychosocial impact of malocclusion, determine its relationship with the severity of malocclusion, and assess the influence of gender and social class on this relationship in adolescents. Methods A random sample of 627 Spanish adolescents aged 12 - 15 years underwent intraoral examinations by 3 calibrated examiners (intraexaminer and interexaminer kappa > 0.85) at their schools. Psychosocial impact was measured through a self-rated Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ). The severity of malocclusion was measured by the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Gender and social class were also recorded. Results The total PIDAQ score and those of its 4 subscales, social impact, psychological impact, aesthetic concern, and dental self-confidence, presented significant differences (p ≤ 0.05 by analysis of variance) and linear relationships with the IOTN grades (p ≤ 0.05 by linear regression). Stepwise linear regression models showed that the IOTN dental health component was a predictive variable of the total and subscale PIDAQ scores. Neither gender nor social class was an independent predictive variable of this relationship, except the linear model for psychological impact, where gender was a predictive variable. The occlusal conditions responsible for higher PIDAQ scores were increased overjet, impeded eruption, tooth displacement, and increased overbite. Conclusions Malocclusion has a psychological impact in adolescents and this impact increases with the severity of malocclusion. Social class may not influence this association, but the psychological impact seems to be greater among girls.
The Influence of Others

While human crowding has been considered a driver of negative emotions, leading to unpleasant shopping experiences, other studies have found that it does not necessarily result in negative emotions but creates excitement in certain shopping contexts. To fill the research gap, this study investigates whether perceived competition mediates the relationships among human crowding, emotions, and hedonic shopping value. The authors tested the model with actual shoppers from fast fashion retailers in the United States. Results showed that when perceived human crowding is mediated through perceived shopping competition, it creates positive emotions and induces hedonic shopping value.
Presynaptic evidence for zinc release at the mossy fiber synapse of rat hippocampus

Vesicular zinc (Zn2+) is found in a subset of glutamatergic nerve terminals throughout the mammalian forebrain and is colocalized with glutamate. Despite well‐documented neuromodulatory roles, exocytosis of endogenous Zn2+ from presynaptic terminals has never been directly demonstrated, because existing studies have measured elevated Zn2+ concentrations by examining the perfusate. Thus, the specific origin of synaptic Zn2+ remains a controversial subject. Here, we describe synaptic Zn2+ trafficking between cellular compartments at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses by using the fluorescent indicator Zinpyr‐1 to label the hippocampal mossy fiber boutons. We determined endogenous Zn2+ exocytosis by direct observation of vesicular Zn2+ as decreasing fluorescence intensity from presynaptic axonal boutons in the stratum lucidum of CA3 during neural activities induced by the stimulation of membrane depolarization. This presynaptic fluorescence gradually returned to a level near baseline after the withdrawal of moderate stimulation, indicating an endogenous mechanism to replenish vesicular Zn2+. The exocytosis of the synaptic Zn2+ was also dependent on extracellular Ca2+ and was sensitive to Zn2+‐specific chelators. Vesicular Zn2+ loading was sensitive to the vacuolar‐type H+‐ATPase inhibitor concanamycin A, and our experiments indicated that blockade of vesicular reloading with concanamycin A led to a depletion of that synaptic Zn2+. Furthermore, synaptic Zn2+ translocated to the postsynaptic cell body upon release to produce increases in the concentration of weakly bound Zn2+ within the postsynaptic cytosol, demonstrating a feature unique to ionic substances released during neurotransmission. Our data provide important evidence for Zn2+ as a substance that undergoes release in a manner similar to common neurotransmitters. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FBK HLT-MT at SemEval-2016 Task 1: Cross-lingual Semantic Similarity Measurement Using Quality Estimation Features and Compositional Bilingual Word Embeddings

This paper describes the system by FBK HLT-MT for cross-lingual semantic textual similarity measurement. Our approach is based on supervised regression with an ensemble decision tree. In order to assign a semantic similarity score to an input sentence pair, the model combines features collected by state-of-the-art methods in machine translation quality estimation and distance metrics between cross-lingual embeddings of the two sentences. In our analysis, we compare different techniques for composing sentence vectors, several distance features and ways to produce training data. The proposed system achieves a mean Pearson’s correlation of 0.39533, ranking 7 th among all participants in the cross-lingual STS task organized within the SemEval 2016 evaluation campaign.
International Journal of General Medicine Dovepress Anthroposophic Therapy for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity: a Two-year Prospective Study in Outpatients

Background: Anthroposophic treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) includes special artistic and physical therapies and special medications. Methods: We studied 61 consecutive children starting anthroposophic treatment for ADHD symptoms under routine outpatient conditions. Primary outcome was FBB-HKS (a parents' questionnaire for ADHD core symptoms, 0–3), and secondary outcomes were disease and symptom scores (physicians' and parents' assessment, 0–10) and quality of life (KINDL ® total score, 0–100). Results: A total of 67% of patients fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD, 15% had an exclusion diagnosis such as pervasive developmental disorders, while 18% did not fulfill ADHD criteria for another reason. Anthroposophic treatment modalities used were eurythmy therapy (in 56% of patients), art therapy (20%), rhythmical massage therapy (8%), and medications (51%). From baseline to six-month follow-up, all outcomes improved significantly; average improvements were FBB-HKS total score 0.30 points (95% confidence interval Improvements were similar in patients not using stimulants (90% of patients at months 0–6) and were maintained until last follow-up after 24 months. Conclusion: Children with ADHD symptoms receiving anthroposophic treatment had long-term improvement of symptoms and quality of life.
Cantonese Time-Compressed Speech Test: Normative Values for Young Adults

Cantonese is a Chinese dialect spoken by over 50 million speakers in China and around the world. However, few Cantonese assessment tools for (central) auditory processing disorders are available. One common auditory processing assessment tool presented to English language listeners is time-compressed speech. The present study aimed at creating a prototype time-compressed speech test in Cantonese and developing initial normative data for this population. Fifty young Cantonese-speaking adults participated in the study. Three lists of bisyllabic Cantonese words with 0%, 45%, and 65% time compression rates were presented. Over 95% correct word recognition scores at all three compression rates were found. Word recognition scores were very similar for 0% and 45% compression lists but a relatively large standard deviation and slight mean drop in perfor-
Towards first-principles understanding of the metal–insulator transition in fluid alkali metals

By treating the electron–ion interaction as a perturbation in the first-principles Hamiltonian, we have calculated the density response functions of a fluid alkali metal to find an interesting charge instability due to anomalous electronic density fluctuations occurring at some finite wavevector Q in a dilute fluid phase above the liquid–gas critical point. Since |Q| is smaller than the diameter of the Fermi surface, this instability necessarily impedes the electric conduction, implying its close relevance to the metal–insulator transition in fluid alkali metals.
Are women different

While the differences between men and women in their capacity for frequency and seriousness of antisocial behaviour have probably been exaggerated by social structures and over reliance on official criminal statistics as the principal indicator, some differences are almost certainly robust. Mental disorder may be the greatest leveller in this respect, but even so specialist psychiatric services for offender patients are unlikely to be called upon to deal with more than a very small group of women. Some of the implications for service provision are discussed. Women's role in child care may be one of the most important issues, but currently receives minimal attention.
Research on supply chain management security under Windows Communication Foundation

The enterprise alliance is consistently leading to the construction of cross-enterprise information system. The research of SOA (Service Oriented Architecture)- based SCM (Supply Chain Management) and modern information technology has become a hot topic. Especially, the secure design and deployment related to SCM brings attention from industrial world and is becoming to research focus. This paper starts from the security of SCM, analyzes the business characteristic and security demands of SCM system by taking the most typical purchase model as an example, and then designs Web-service based security application model of SCM, combining with WS-Security specification and the latest WCF (Windows Communication Foundation) technical platform. As a result it achieves the goal of message level security and access control.
The role of trust in the governance of business process outsourcing relationships: A transaction cost economics approach

Purpose – Business process outsourcing (BPO) has become so prevalent that a new term, the extended enterprise, has arisen to describe this approach to structuring an organization. The purpose of this paper is to integrate the information systems and the interfirm governance literatures to develop a framework for the role of trust in the governance of extended enterprises.Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses transaction cost economics (TCE) to identify the elements and stages of BPO relationships. This paper then integrates those elements with the types of trust identified in the information systems (IS) literature to develop a framework.Findings – TCE identifies three elements that influence the design and function of interfirm relationships: the transaction, the transaction environment and the parties (the client and the vendors). TCE also recognizes three stages in the transaction: contact, contract, and control. The IS literature identifies three types of trust: trusted systems, trusted instit.