Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chlorpromazine Equivalents Versus Defined Daily Doses: How to Compare Antipsychotic Drug Doses?

Classic chlorpromazine (CPZ) equivalents can be used to chart relative antipsychotic potencies of antipsychotic drugs. Values of CPZ equivalents per drug are ambiguous in literature. In drug use evaluation studies, antipsychotic doses are frequently compared by use of the defined daily dose (DDD). The DDD is the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug if used for its main indication in adults. The DDD is based on review of the available older and recent literature. In this report, we evaluated discrepancy between CPZ-equivalent values and DDD-equivalent values. We plotted CPZ-equivalent values against DDD-equivalent values and performed linear regression to determine the mean relationship between the 2 methods. About 67% of the DDD-equivalent values demonstrated lower potencies for antipsychotic drug compared with CPZ-equivalent values. The slope of the regression line was 0.68 (r2 = 0.81). Because we found a great discrepancy between these 2 methods of comparing antipsychotic drug doses, we think further research is necessary to develop a standardized way of antipsychotic drug comparison.
Sociedad Española para el Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural Artículos Reconocimiento y síntesis de voz (I)

This paper studies the use of different sources of information for performing a text classification task. The growing number of digital libraries imposes a review of the available data from those databases. Some experiments applying different base classifiers for a multi-label classifier in the domain of High Energy Physics on several of these possible sources have been carried out. Results show that the use of metadata is almost as good as the full-text version of papers.
Dietary Vitamin D3 Suppresses Pulmonary Immunopathology Associated with Late-Stage Tuberculosis in C3HeB/FeJ Mice

Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant human disease caused by inhalation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Left untreated, TB mortality is associated with a failure to resolve pulmonary immunopathology. There is currently widespread interest in using vitamin D3 (VitD3) as an adjunct therapy for TB because numerous in vitro studies have shown that VitD3 has direct and indirect mycobactericidal activities. However, to date, there have been no in vivo studies addressing whether VitD3 affects experimental TB outcome. In this study, we used C3HeB/FeJ mice to determine whether dietary VitD3 influences the outcome of experimental TB. We observed that although M. tuberculosis burdens did not differ between mice on a VitD3-replete diet (VitDHI mice) and mice on a VitD3-deficient diet (VitDLO mice), the inflammatory response in VitDHI mice was significantly attenuated relative to VitDLO controls. Specifically, the expression of multiple inflammatory pathways was reduced in the lungs at later disease stages as were splenocyte IL12/23p40 and IFN-γ levels following ex vivo restimulation. Dietary VitD3 also suppressed the accumulation of T cells in the mediastinal lymph nodes and lung granulomatous regions while concomitantly accelerating the accumulation of F4/80+ and Ly6C/Ly6G+ lineages. The altered inflammatory profile of VitDHI mice also associated with reductions in pulmonary immunopathology. VitD receptor–deficient (vdr−/−) radiation bone marrow chimeras demonstrate that reductions in pulmonary TB immunopathology are dependent on hematopoietic VitD responsiveness. Collectively, our data support a model wherein the in vivo role of VitD3 during TB is not to promote M. tuberculosis killing but rather to function through hematopoietic cells to reduce M. tuberculosis–elicited immunopathology.
Encoding Multi-Resolution Brain Networks Using Unsupervised Deep Learning

The main goal of this study is to extract a set of brain networks in multiple time-resolutions to analyze the connectivity patterns among the anatomic regions for a given cognitive task. We suggest a deep architecture which learns the natural groupings of the connectivity patterns of human brain in multiple time-resolutions. The suggested architecture is tested on task data set of Human Connectome Project (HCP) where we extract multi-resolution networks, each of which corresponds to a cognitive task. At the first level of this architecture, we decompose the fMRI signal into multiple sub-bands using wavelet decompositions. At the second level, for each sub-band, we estimate a brain network extracted from short time windows of the fMRI signal. At the third level, we feed the adjacency matrices of each mesh network at each time-resolution into an unsupervised deep learning algorithm, namely, a Stacked De- noising Auto-Encoder (SDAE). The outputs of the SDAE provide a compact connectivity representation for each time window at each sub-band of the fMRI signal. We concatenate the learned representations of all sub-bands at each window and cluster them by a hierarchical algorithm to find the natural groupings among the windows. We observe that each cluster represents a cognitive task with a performance of 93% Rand Index and 71% Adjusted Rand Index. We visualize the mean values and the precisions of the networks at each component of the cluster mixture. The mean brain networks at cluster centers show the variations among cognitive tasks and the precision of each cluster shows the within cluster variability of networks, across the subjects.
Initial hepatic artery infusion and systemic chemotherapy for asymptomatic colorectal cancer with un-resectable liver metastasis.

PURPOSE Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) has been proved to be an effective strategy to increase the chances of resection for colorectal cancer patients with liver metastasis (CRCLM). Herein, we aimed to evaluate the benefits and risks of initial treatment with HAI floxuridine (FUDR) and systemic XELOX in un-resectable synchronous CRCLM. MATERIALS AND METHODS HAI catheter systems were implanted radiologically in 54 patients with un-resectable synchronous CRCLM. Upfront HAI FUDR and systemic XELOX were delivered without primary cancer resection. Patients underwent deferred surgery when the metastatic diseases were converted to resectability, or any serious colorectal cancer-related complications occurred. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients (70.4%) were converted to resectability and underwent staged or synchronous resection of the primary tumor and metastatic disease, with an estimated 3-year survival rate of 76% compared with 15% in un-resected patients. Uni-variate analysis showed that hepatic involvement, number of lesion, and the location of primary cancer did not affect resectability rate. Only 3 patients (5.6%) required palliative surgery to treat complications related to primary cancer. CONCLUSIONS Initial HAI FUDR and systemic XELOX are effective to help patients with CRCLM to obtain a high resection rate for asymptomatic colorectal cancer and un-resectable liver metastases, and associated with a low rate of complications related to the intact primary cancer.
CDC Grand Rounds: Reducing the Burden of HPV-Associated Cancer and Disease

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection in men and women in the United States. Most sexually active persons will acquire HPV in their lifetime. Recent data indicate that approximately 79 million persons are currently infected with HPV, and 14 million persons are newly infected each year in the United States.
Imaging voltage and synaptically activated sodium transients in cerebellar Purkinje cells

Transient changes in sodium concentration in response to electrical activity were detected in Purkinje cells by using the fluorescent indicator SBFI (Minta & Tsien (J. biol. Chem. 264, 19 449 (1989)). Fast sodium action potentials caused large increases in internal sodium concentration, [Na]i, in the soma and axon, and were generally undetectable in the dendrites. No changes were detected in the dendrites corresponding to calcium action potentials. The spatial distribution of these transients corresponds to that expected if the increase in [Na]i were the result of Na+ entry through voltage-dependent Na channels generating sodium spikes in the axon hillock and soma. The [Na]i transients rapidly recovered (⊤ < 1 s) in the axon hillock, probably by Na+ diffusion into the soma. Climbing fibre activation produced distinct [Na]i transients in the dendrites in addition to somatic and axonal signals. As regenerative potentials did not produce transients in this region, these signals may be caused by Na+ entry through ligand-gated channels. These results confirm and extend the description of channel distribution and electrical signalling in Purkinje cells.
Increased Excitatory Synaptic Transmission of Dentate Granule Neurons in Mice Lacking PSD-95-Interacting Adhesion Molecule Neph2/Kirrel3 during the Early Postnatal Period

Copy number variants and point mutations of NEPH2 (also called KIRREL3) gene encoding an immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily adhesion molecule have been linked to autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disability and neurocognitive delay associated with Jacobsen syndrome, but the physiological roles of Neph2 in the mammalian brain remain largely unknown. Neph2 is highly expressed in the dentate granule (DG) neurons of the hippocampus and is localized in both dendrites and axons. It was recently shown that Neph2 is required for the formation of mossy fiber filopodia, the axon terminal structure of DG neurons forming synapses with GABAergic neurons of CA3. In contrast, however, it is unknown whether Neph2 also has any roles in the postsynaptic compartments of DG neurons. We here report that, through its C-terminal PDZ domain-binding motif, Neph2 directly interacts with postsynaptic density (PSD)-95, an abundant excitatory postsynaptic scaffolding protein. Moreover, Neph2 protein is detected in the brain PSD fraction and interacts with PSD-95 in synaptosomal lysates. Functionally, loss of Neph2 in mice leads to age-specific defects in the synaptic connectivity of DG neurons. Specifically, Neph2−/− mice show significantly increased spontaneous excitatory synaptic events in DG neurons at postnatal week 2 when the endogenous Neph2 protein expression peaks, but show normal excitatory synaptic transmission at postnatal week 3. The evoked excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity of medial perforant pathway (MPP)-DG synapses are also normal in Neph2−/− mice at postnatal week 3, further confirming the age-specific synaptic defects. Together, our results provide some evidence for the postsynaptic function of Neph2 in DG neurons during the early postnatal period, which might be implicated in neurodevelopmental and cognitive disorders caused by NEPH2 mutations.
Improved Face Recognition from Single Sample per Person Using Discriminant Multi-Manifold Analysis and Pareto-Dominance Concept

Face Recognition being a very vast and growing technology. It has gained importance and advancement in Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning Techniques. Appearance based approach is one of the method for face recognition which widely used and is further used in many application. It builds up very rigid application as in security and surveillance. In many face recognition techniques multiple samples per person is available which would help in recognizing image but in some applications, which has single sample per person (SSPP) recorded in the system. This issue is quite challenging task in recognizing face. This paper proposes the pareto-dominance concept, which matches the image from the enrolled image by capturing all the face features in all dimension and hence improves the matching performance. Hence the face recognition accuracy is increased than the earlier approach as they are available and can give better results. More promising results are gained by new approach than the earlier approach. This approach has been worked on the standard dataset and has build up accurate results. It improves the existing system and helps in recognising the faces in better way. Keywords—Face Recognition, manifold-learning, single sample per person(SSPP), pareto-dominance concept, appearance based approach.
A phenomenological study of leadership: Developmental pathways of leaders with disabilities

Research on leaders with disabilities is largely limited in scope to civil rights and disability rights leadership. This qualitative research investigated how individuals with disabilities transformed themselves into leaders in the disability field. This research focuses on the leaders’ perceptions of critical experiences and relationships that influenced them as leaders. A phenomenological approach was used to understand the lived experiences of six leaders with disabilities. Open-ended interviews with recognized leaders who had disabilities were analyzed by examining their narrative statements, resulting in a combined description of their lived experience. The results of the analysis revealed that these leaders with disabilities made personal connections with others and found groups that were the right fit for them during their college years or immediately subsequent years. Furthermore, the results found the following essential themes: 1) childhood as an influential life experience, 2) commitment, confidence, resilience, and passion in leadership style, and 3) enjoyment of helping others. These themes were not independent of one another, but were intertwined throughout the lives of the six leaders with disabilities. Through a deeper understanding of leadership development experienced by these leaders with disabilities, this study has implications for practice and further investigation. Higher education and elementary and secondary education can improve leadership skills training and opportunities for students with disabilities. I also recommend several future research topics, including exploring identity development among leaders with disabilities. This dissertation concludes with the recommendation that disabled people should be specifically included in leadership research.
Semantic Web Technologies as the Foundation for the Information Infrastructure

The Semantic Web is arising over the pas few years as a realistic option for a world wide Information Infrastructure, with its promises of semantic interoperability and serendipitous reuse. In this paper we will analyse the essential ingredients of semantic technologies, what makes them suitable as the foundation for the Information Infrastructure, and what the alternatives to semantic technologies would be as foundations for the Information Infrastructure. We will make a survey of the most important achievements on semantic technologies in the past few years, and point to the most important challenges that remain to be solved. 3.1 Historical trend towards increasing demands on interoperability When Thomas Watson, the founder of IBM, was asked for his estimate of how many computers would be needed worldwide, his reply is widely claimed to have been: 'about five'
THE CONCEPT OF EFFECTIVE RECOMBINATION RATE AND ITS APPLICATION IN SPECIATION THEORY

The goal of this study is to develop a unifying theoretical framework to quantify the strength of reproductive isolation. We propose the use of the “effective recombination rate,” which measures how fast associations of genes are broken by interlocus recombination. Applying the well‐established theory of the effective migration rate, we derive two techniques to investigate the effective recombination rate in models of speciation: the weak migration approximation for parapatric scenarios and the weak recombination approximation for sympatric scenarios. We illustrate the use of these two methods by two examples each: (1) single‐locus genetic incompatibility and (2) two‐locus genetic incompatibility for the first method, and (3) assortative mating and (4) assortative mating combined with disruptive selection for the second method. An advantage of the effective recombination rate over previous approaches is that it integrates gene flow in both directions into a single index measuring the strength of isolation. This enables straightforward comparisons of speciation scenarios with the same or different geographic histories. The method also allows us to evaluate the relative contributions of F2 hybrid deficiency or linkage between multiple barriers in reproductive isolation.
Ancestral Stories of Ghanaian Bimoba Reflect Millennia-Old Genetic Lineages

Oral history and oral genealogies are mechanisms of collective memory and a main cultural heritage of many populations without a writing system. In the effort to analytically address the correspondence between genetic data and historical genealogies, anthropologists hypothesised that genealogies evolve through time, ultimately containing three parts: literal – where the most recent ancestry is truthfully represented; intended – where ancestry is inferred and reflects political relations among groups; and mythical – that does not represent current social reality. While numerous studies discuss oral genealogies, to our knowledge no genetic studies have been able to investigate to what extent genetic relatedness corresponds to the literal and intended parts of oral genealogies. We report on the correspondence between genetic data and oral genealogies among Bimoba males in a single village in North-Eastern Ghana. We compared the pairwise mismatch distribution of Y chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) haplotypes among all lineages present in this village to the self-reported (oral) relatedness. We found that Bimoba are able to correctly identify unrelated individuals in 92% of the cases. In contrast, they are able to correctly identify related individuals only in 38% of the cases, which can be explained by three processes: (1) the compression of genealogies, leading to increasing inaccuracy with increasing genealogical distance, (2) inclusions into the lineage from intended relations such as clan co-option or adoptions, and (3) false paternities, which in this study were found to have a minor effect on the correspondence between genetic data and oral genealogies. In addition, we observed that 70% of unrelated pairs have from six to eight Y-STR differences, a diversification peak which we attribute to an ancient West African expansion dating around 9454 years ago. We conclude that, despite all caveats, oral genealogies are reflecting ancient lineages more accurately than previously thought.
Do Behavioral Biases Affect Prices?

This paper documents strong evidence for behavioral biases among Chicago Board of Trade proprietary traders and investigates the effect these biases have on prices. Our traders appear highly loss‐averse, regularly assuming above‐average afternoon risk to recover from morning losses. This behavior has important short‐term consequences for afternoon prices, as losing traders actively purchase contracts at higher prices and sell contracts at lower prices than those that prevailed previously. However, the market appears to distinguish these risk‐seeking trades from informed trading. Prices set by loss‐averse traders are reversed significantly more quickly than those set by unbiased traders.
The Value of Hippocampal and Temporal Horn Volumes and Rates of Change in Predicting Future Conversion to AD

Hippocampal pathology occurs early in Alzheimer disease (AD), and atrophy, measured by volumes and volume changes, may predict which subjects will develop AD. Measures of the temporal horn (TH), which is situated adjacent to the hippocampus, may also indicate early changes in AD. Previous studies suggest that these metrics can predict conversion from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD with conversion and volume change measured concurrently. However, the ability of these metrics to predict future conversion has not been investigated. We compared the abilities of hippocampal, TH, and global measures to predict future conversion from MCI to AD. TH, hippocampi, whole brain, and ventricles were measured using baseline and 12-month scans. Boundary shift integral was used to measure the rate of change. We investigated the prediction of conversion between 12 and 24 months in subjects classified as MCI from baseline to 12 months. All measures were predictive of future conversion. Local and global rates of change were similarly predictive of conversion. There was evidence that the TH expansion rate is more predictive than the hippocampal atrophy rate (P=0.023) and that the TH expansion rate is more predictive than the TH volume (P=0.036). Prodromal atrophy rates may be useful predictors of future conversion to sporadic AD from amnestic MCI.
The ‘New’ Far Right in Hungary: A Political Psychologist's Perspective

This article focuses on the party of Jobbik (‘The Better’) and places its rhetoric and activism within the context of the Hungarian political system and its internal pathologies. A deeper and broader insight of nationalism's socio-psychological appeal in Hungarian politics and society will help the reader understand better why and how the economic crisis has been a watershed for Jobbik's popularity among certain segments of the Hungarian electorate. This piece of work has primarily relied on a qualitative and discourse analysis of Jobbik's speeches, official statements and the party's political programme. Sources such as opinion polls and public surveys have also been of complementary importance. The research embeds this information in scholarly and theoretical literature in the thematic areas of Political Psychology and Nationalism. What this article demonstrates is that Jobbik has been particularly efficient in coordinating its socio-psychological campaign and mobilizing a series of social grievances for its political benefit. Meanwhile, the party has been equally successful in legitimizing its campaign by embedding it within the traditional framework of the political culture of nationalism in Hungary.
Interactive Rendering of Surface Light Fields

Many interactive 3D applications involve capturing, representing and reproducing the appearance of real objects. The surface light field represents the appearance of a solid object under static lighting by sampling the radiance along rays parametrized by surface position and direction. An implementation can represent this data as highresolution surface geometry, coupled with multiple texture maps, each associated with a direction. The representation can be rendered by a multipass algorithm utilizing common graphics hardware. Through careful optimization, it is possible to achieve interactive frame rates using existing implementations of OpenGL. Surface light fields tend to produce higher resolution renderings than similar methods such as the lumigraph, and do not exhibit occlusion ghosts and other artifacts associated with the lumigraph at low sampling rates. Construction and optimization of surface light field data present a number of challenges.