Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is sham cTBS real cTBS? The effect on EEG dynamics

Increasing sensitivity of modern evaluation tools allows for the study of weaker electric stimulation effects on neural populations. In the current study we examined the effects of sham continuous theta burst (cTBS) transcranial magnetic stimulation to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) upon somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and frontal-parietal phase coupling of alpha and beta bands. Sham TMS results in an induced electric field amplitude roughly 5% that of real TMS with a similar spatial extent in cortex. Both real and sham cTBS reduced the amplitude of the frontal P14-N30 SEP and increased local phase coupling in the alpha-beta frequency bands of left frontal cortex. In addition, both sham and real cTBS increased frontal-parietal phase coupling in the alpha-beta bands concomitant with an increase in amplitude of parietal P50-N70 complex. These data suggest that weak electric fields from sham cTBS can affect both local and downstream neuronal circuits, though in a different manner than high strength TMS.
Ambiguity Function of the Transmit Beamspace-Based MIMO Radar

In this paper, we derive an ambiguity function (AF) for the transmit beamspace (TB)-based MIMO radar for the case of far-field targets and narrow-band waveforms. The effects of transmit coherent processing gain and waveform diversity are incorporated into the AF definition. To cover all the phase information conveyed by different factors, we introduce the equivalent transmit phase centers. The newly defined AF serves as a generalized AF form for which the phased-array (PA) and traditional MIMO radar AFs are important special cases. We establish relationships among the defined TB-based MIMO radar AF and the existing AF results, including the Woodward's AF, the AFs defined for traditional colocated MIMO radar, and also the PA radar AF, respectively. Moreover, we compare the TB-based MIMO radar AF with the square-summation-form AF definition and identify two limiting cases to bound its “clear region” in Doppler-delay domain that is free of sidelobes. Corresponding bounds for these two cases are derived, and it is shown that the bound for the worst case is inversely proportional to the number of transmitted waveforms K, whereas the bound for the best case is independent of K. The actual “clear region” of the TB-based MIMO radar AF depends on the array configuration and is in between of the worst- and best-case bounds. We propose a new TB design strategy to reduce the levels of the AF sidelobes and show in simulations that proper design of the TB matrix leads to reduction of the relative sidelobe levels of the TB-based MIMO radar AF.
UNSUPERVISED APPROACH FOR SEMI-STRUCTURED DATA RECORD EXTRACTION FROM MULTIPLE PAGES USING TAG TREE SIMILARITIES

- In this paper we present a novel unsupervised approach for data records extraction from multiple similar web pages using tag tree similarities. Extracting the data records from multiple web pages consist of following sequences. We first identify the related web pages from the web source. Next we construct the DOM tree for related web pages using html parser. We then compare two or more web pages to eliminate unwanted regions such as header, menu bar, navigation bar, advertisements, etc and find the region containing data records also referred to as data region. We then traverse sub trees of data region to extract individual data record and store them in required form such as XML. The main contribution of this paper is in developing a fully unsupervised algorithm for extracting both structured as well as semi-structured data records from multiple related web pages. Our proposed system can extract valuable data records from many commercial web sources more precisely. Hence it can serve as a tool for integrating information from various commercial websites. This integrated information can then be used for providing various value added services such as comparative shopping, market intelligence, meta-querying and search.
Heme oxygenase-1 induction by NRF2 requires inactivation of the transcriptional repressor BACH1

Oxidative stress activates the transcription factor NRF2, which in turn binds cis-acting antioxidant response element (ARE) enhancers and induces expression of protective antioxidant genes. In contrast, the transcriptional repressor BACH1 binds ARE-like enhancers in cells naïve to oxidative stress and antagonizes NRF2 binding until it becomes inactivated by pro-oxidants. Here, we describe the dynamic roles of BACH1 and NRF2 in the transcription of the heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) gene. HMOX1 induction, elicited by arsenite-mediated oxidative stress, follows inactivation of BACH1 and precedes activation of NRF2. BACH1 repression is dominant over NRF2-mediated HMOX1 transcription and inactivation of BACH1 is a prerequisite for HMOX1 induction. In contrast, thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) is regulated by NRF2 but not by BACH1. By comparing the expression levels of HMOX1 with TXNRD1, we show that nuclear accumulation of NRF2 is not necessary for HMOX1 induction; rather, BACH1 inactivation permits NRF2 already present in the nucleus at low basal levels to bind the HMOX1 promoter and elicit HMOX1 induction. Thus, BACH1 confers an additional level of regulation to ARE-dependent genes that reveals a new dimension to the oxidative stress response.
Discovery and development of anticancer aptamers

Aptamers, also termed as decoys or “chemical antibodies,” represent an emerging class of therapeutics. They are short DNA or RNA oligonucleotides or peptides that assume a specific and stable three-dimensional shape in vivo, thereby providing specific tight binding to protein targets. In some cases and as opposed to antisense oligonucleotides, effects can be mediated against extracellular targets, thereby preventing a need for intracellular transportation. The first aptamer approved for use in man is a RNA-based molecule (Macugen, pegaptanib) that is administered locally (intravitreally) to treat age-related macular degeneration by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor. The most advanced aptamer in the cancer setting is AS1411, formerly known as AGRO100, which is being administered systemically in clinical trials. AS1411 is a 26-mer unmodified guanosine-rich oligonucleotide, which induces growth inhibition in vitro, and has shown activity against human tumor xenografts in vivo. The mechanism underlying its antiproliferative effects in cancer cells seems to involve initial binding to cell surface nucleolin and internalization, leading to an inhibition of DNA replication. In contrast to other unmodified oligonucleotides, AS1411 is relatively stable in serum-containing medium, probably as a result of the formation of dimers and a quartet structure. In a dose escalation phase I study in patients with advanced solid tumors, doses up to 10 mg/kg/d (using a four or seven continuous infusion regime) have been studied. Promising signs of activity have been reported (multiple cases of stable disease and one near complete response in a patient with renal cancer) in the absence of any significant adverse effects. Further trials are ongoing in renal and non–small cell lung cancers. In preclinical studies, additional aptamers have been described against several cancer targets, such as tenascin-C, the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and antiapoptotic and Ku proteins. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(12):2957–62]
Perception of Risk and Knowledge of Risk Factors in Women at High Risk for Stroke

Background and Purpose— Women face a higher mortality after stroke and have different risk factors than men. Despite educational campaigns, women continue to underestimate their own risk for stroke. We present a theoretical model to understand risk perception in high-risk women. Methods— Eight hundred five women, ages 50 to 70 years, were selected from the University of Connecticut Cardiology Center with at least one risk factor for stroke. A 5-part questionnaire addressed stroke knowledge, risk perception, risk factors, access to health care, and demographics. Two hundred fifteen women responded by mail (28% response rate) and deidentified data were entered in SPSS. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate techniques assessed the proposed model. Results— The cohort was predominantly white (91.5%), higher income (33.1% of the population earned >$75 000), and well-educated (28.6% attended graduate or professional school). Only 2 of the 37 (5.4%) women with atrial fibrillation and 11 of the 71 women with heart disease (15.5%) identified their health condition as a risk factor for stroke. Predictors of risk perception included: other women’s risk (B=0.336, P<0.001), worrying about stroke (B=0.734, P<0.001), having hypertension (B=0.686, P=0.037), and having diabetes (B=0.893, P=0.004). Only 63.9% of women with atrial fibrillation (n=23) reported taking warfarin. Conclusions— Women were often unable to identify their health condition as a risk factor for stroke. In addition, many women were not undertaking primary prevention behaviors. Risk perception was low, and high-risk women perceived their risk of stroke to be the same as their peers. Educational strategies must advocate for and target high-risk women.
Axial loading during MR imaging can influence treatment decision for symptomatic spinal stenosis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous studies have shown that axial loading can narrow the spinal canal. However, the clinical significance is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the narrowing of the spinal canal with axial loading during MR imaging could influence treatment decision for spinal stenosis. METHODS Two hundred patients with clinical symptoms of spinal stenosis underwent routine MR imaging and then immediately underwent axially loaded MR imaging. We selected 20 of these patients because they had narrowing of the spinal canal shown on the axially loaded images. Three experienced neurosurgeons evaluated these 20 patients based on clinical information and routine MR images. The same neurosurgeons were then asked for second treatment decisions based on the same clinical information but with axially loaded MR images. RESULTS Axial loading during MR imaging of the lumbar spine can influence neurosurgeons in their treatment decisions for symptomatic spinal stenosis. For this selected group of patients, all three neurosurgeons changed their treatment decision from conservative management to decompressive surgery for five patients when shown the axially loaded MR images. For two other patients, two neurosurgeons changed their treatment decisions, and for three additional patients, one neurosurgeon changed his treatment decision, all based on the axially loaded MR images. Treatment was not changed from surgical to medical management for any of the patients when shown the axially loaded images. CONCLUSION In selected patients with spinal stenosis and apparent narrowing of the spinal canal shown by axially loaded MR imaging, the additional information gained from this technique can influence experienced neurosurgeons in their treatment decisions.
Foundations of Computational Mathematics SLIDING WINDOWS AND PERSISTENCE : AN APPLICATION OF TOPOLOGICAL METHODS TO SIGNAL ANALYSIS

We develop in this paper a theoretical framework for the topological study of time series data. Broadly speaking, we describe geometrical and topological properties of sliding window embeddings, as seen through the lens of persistent homology. In particular, we show that maximum persistence at the point-cloud level can be used to quantify periodicity at the signal level, prove structural and convergence theorems for the resulting persistence diagrams, and derive estimates for their dependency on window size and embedding dimension. We apply this methodology to quantifying periodicity in synthetic data sets, and compare the results with those obtained using state-of-the-art methods in gene expression analysis. We call this new method SW1PerS which stands for Sliding Windows and 1-dimensional Persistence Scoring.
Real-time scheduling of dynamically reconfigurable systems

The maximum-urgency-first algorithm, which can be used to predictably schedule dynamically changing systems, is proposed. It is shown that it is a significant improvement over the rate monotonic algorithm, which can be used only to schedule static systems. The maximum-urgency-first scheduler has been implemented as the default scheduler of CHIMERA II, a real-time operating system being used to control sensor-based control systems. <<ETX>>
Transición agroecológica: características, criterios y estrategias. Dos casos emblemáticos de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Agroecological transition is a complex process in which different scales (farm, local community, territory) are articulated and that is affected by social, economic, technological, cultural, political and ecological factors. To analyze a transition process initially requires understanding how agro-ecosystems function (structure and processes occurring in it) and the different modes of intervention of human beings, who make management decisions to transform an agricultural ecosystem. It is therefore necessary to consider, simultaneously, at least 3 key criteria of the complex reality that the transition process faces: 1. The internal structural characteristics of the agroecosystem undertaking the process; 2. The singularities of the farmer or farmer family who makes decisions and manages the operation of the system; 3. External factors that influence the transition process. By using two concrete examples the transition process was analyzed in relation to the criteria considered, the initial situation, the changes through time and the implemented strategies.
Khronos projector

Thanks to the Khronos Projector, space and time can be unlinked in a pre-recorded movie. Causality becomes relative to the spatial path we decide to follow on the screen, which allows for multiple interpretations of the pre-recorded facts. In this sense, the Khronos Projector is an exploratory interface that transforms a movie sequence into a spatio-temporal sculpture for people to explore at their own pace.
Delphinidin Reduces Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Targeting EGFR/VEGFR2 Signaling Pathways

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) have emerged as two effective clinical targets for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the present study, we found that delphinidin, an anthocyanidin, present in pigmented fruits and vegetables, is a potent inhibitor of both EGFR and VEGFR2 in NSCLC cells that overexpress EGFR/VEGFR2. Using these cells, we next determined the effects of delphinidin on cell growth and apoptosis in vitro and on tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo. Delphinidin (5-60 µM) treatment of NSCLC cells inhibited the activation of PI3K, and phosphorylation of AKT and MAPKs. Additionally, treatment of NSCLC cells with delphinidin resulted in inhibition of cell growth without having significant toxic effects on normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Specifically, treatment of NCI-H441 and SK-MES-1 cells with delphindin (5-60 µM) resulted in (i) cleavage of PARP protein, (ii) activation of caspase-3 and -9, (iii) downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1), (iv) upregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and Bak), and (v) decreased expression of PCNA and cyclin D1. Furthermore, in athymic nude mice subcutaneously implanted with human NSCLC cells, delphinidin treatment caused a (i) significant inhibition of tumor growth, (ii) decrease in the expression of markers for cell proliferation (Ki67 and PCNA) and angiogenesis (CD31 and VEGF), and (iii) induction of apoptosis, when compared with control mice. Based on these observations, we suggest that delphinidin, alone or as an adjuvant to current therapies, could be used for the management of NSCLC, especially those that overexpress EGFR and VEGFR2.
Redistribution of Synaptic Efficacy Supports Stable Pattern Learning in Neural Networks

Markram and Tsodyks, by showing that the elevated synaptic efficacy observed with single-pulse long-term potentiation (LTP) measurements disappears with higher-frequency test pulses, have critically challenged the conventional assumption that LTP reflects a general gain increase. This observed change in frequency dependence during synaptic potentiation is called redistribution of synaptic efficacy (RSE). RSE is here seen as the local realization of a global design principle in a neural network for pattern coding. The underlying computational model posits an adaptive threshold rather than a multiplicative weight as the elementary unit of long-term memory. A distributed instar learning law allows thresholds to increase only monotonically, but adaptation has a bidirectional effect on the model postsynaptic potential. At each synapse, threshold increases implement pattern selectivity via a frequency-dependent signal component, while a complementary frequency-independent component nonspecifically strengthens the path. This synaptic balance produces changes in frequency dependence that are robustly similar to those observed by Markram and Tsodyks. The network design therefore suggests a functional purpose for RSE, which, by helping to bound total memory change, supports a distributed coding scheme that is stable with fast as well as slow learning. Multiplicative weights have served as a cornerstone for models of physiological data and neural systems for decades. Although the model discussed here does not implement detailed physiology of synaptic transmission, its new learning laws operate in a network architecture that suggests how recently discovered synaptic computations such as RSE may help produce new network capabilities such as learning that is fast, stable, and distributed.
Publicpolicies for Poverty Alleviation: A Case Study in Ivory Coast

This paper aims to implement Basic Income Grant (BIG) as a development policy in poverty alleviation. We simulate an amount of FCFA12,000 (USD22.5) given monthly per individual to the whole population of Ivory Coast and we analyze the impacts of this policy in the terms of poverty alleviation on individuals and groups. The simulations are performed using the Ivory Coast’s 2015 household survey data composed of 12,900 households. The results show that after allocating a BIG to the whole population in Ivory Coast, poverty drops from 53.1% to 14.7%. Poverty reduces more for female (-39%) than male (-38%), although it remain higher for female (15.15%) than male (14.33%); and it reduces more for population over 40 years old (-40%) than younger people (-31%). This allocation could be very beneficial in reducing femal and youth poverty in Ivory Coast.
Movement and Control

Since the earliest days of generative grammar, control has been distinguished from raising: the latter the product of movement operations, the former the result of construal processes relating a PRO to an antecedent. This article argues that obligatory control structures are also formed by movement. Minimalism makes this approach viable by removing D-Structure as a grammatical level. Implementing the suggestion, however, requires eliminating the last vestiges of D-Structure still extant in Chomsky's (1995) version of the Minimalist Program. In particular, it requires dispensing with the -Criterion and adopting the view that -roles are featurelike in being able to license movement.
Hybrid context inconsistency resolution for context-aware services

Context-aware applications automatically adapt their behavior according to environmental conditions, also known as contexts. However, in practice contexts are often inaccurate, noisy or even inconsistent (e.g., two RFID readers may report different numbers for the same set of goods processed). These kinds of problematic contexts may cause context-aware applications to behave abnormally or even fail. It is thus desirable to detect and resolve context inconsistency. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach to detect problematic contexts and resolve resulting context inconsistencies with the help of context-aware application semantics. By combining low-level context inconsistency resolution with high-level application error recovery, our approach can resolve the inconsistent contexts more effectively. Moreover, error recovery cost for context-aware applications is reduced. Our experimental results show that our approach outperforms existing approaches in terms of more accurate inconsistency resolution and less error recovery cost.
Applied High-Speed Plate Penetration Dynamics

Localized Interaction Approach. - Cavity Expansion Approximations. - Power-Law Realationships Between Impact, Residual and Ballistic Limit Velocity. - Towards Shape Optimization of Impactors. - Shape Optimization of Impactors Penetrating into Ductile Shields. - Shape Optimization of Impactors Penetrating into Concrete Shields. - Optimum Shape of Impactors Against Fibre-Reinforced Plastic Laminates. - Area Rules for Penetrating Impactors. - Optimization of Multi-layered and Spaced Ductile Shields. - Optimization of Two-Component Ceramic Shields.
Document warehousing based on a multimedia database system

Nowadays, structured data such as sales and business forms are stored in data warehouses for decision makers to use. Further, unstructured data such as emails, HTML texts, images, videos, and office documents are increasingly accumulated in personal computer storage due to spread of mailing, WWW, and word processing. Such unstructured data, or what we call multimedia documents, are larger in volume than structured data and precious as corporate assets as well. So we need a document warehouse as a software framework where multimedia documents are analyzed and managed for corporate-wide information sharing and reuse like a data warehouse for structured data. We describe a prototype document warehouse system, which supports management of simple and compound documents, keyword-based and content-based retrieval, rule-based classification, SOM-based clustering, and XML data query and view rules.
Of contraseñas , ! תואמסיס , and 密 码 Character encoding issues for web passwords

Password authentication remains ubiquitous on the web, primarily because of its low cost and compatibility with any device which allows a user to input text. Yet text is not universal. Computers must use a character encoding system to convert human-comprehensible writing into bits. We examine for the first time the lingering effects of character encoding on the password ecosystem. We report a number of bugs at large websites which reveal that non-ASCII passwords are often poorly supported, even by websites otherwise correctly supporting the recommended Unicode/UTF-8 character encoding system. We also study user behaviour through several leaked data sets of passwords chosen by English, Chinese, Hebrew and Spanish speakers as case studies. Our findings suggest that most users still actively avoid using characters outside of the original ASCII character set even when allowed to. Coping strategies include transliterating non-ASCII passwords using ASCII, changing keyboard mappings to produce nonsense ASCII passwords, and using passwords consisting entirely of numbers or of a geometric pattern on the keyboard. These last two strategies may reduce resistance to guessing attacks for passwords chosen by non-English speakers.