Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
cell surface glycoproteins of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes. I. T 145, a new cell surface glycoprotein selectively expressed on Ly 1-2(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes

T lymphocytes at various stages of maturation and differentiation have been isolated by cellular fractionation procedures and characterized by cell surface markers and functional assays, The cell surface glycoproteins of the various T-cell preparations have been selectively radiolabeled by the galactose oxidase-tritiated sodium borohydride technique and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Details are presented on the appearance of a new cell surface glycoprotein (T 145), present on immunocompetent T lymphocytes after activation by either major histocompatibility complex alloantigens or by concanavalin A. The intensity of T 145 expression on T lymphoblasts is shown to be directly correlated in time and extent to the levels of cytotoxicity generated in a variety of T-cell activations. Specific enrichment procedures of purified populations of mixed leukocyte culture blasts have shown Ly 1(+)2(-) blasts to be T 145(-) and Ly 1(-)2(+) blasts to be strongly T 145(+). Similar enrichment procedures on normal peripheral T cells have failed to reveal any significant expression of T 145 on a highly enriched population of Ly 1(-)2(+) T cells, Further studies on the stability of T 145 expression after induction have shown it to be a more permanent-type differentiation structure whose expression is clearly not linked to the blast stage of activation. T 145 would thus appear to represent a membrane glycoprotein whose exclusive expression on T lymphoblasts is further restricted to a defined group of cells endowed with cytolytic activity and bearing the Ly phenotype Ly 1(-)2(+).
Exploring VoD in P2P Swarming Systems

Digital media companies have recently started embracing P2P networks as an alternative distribution mechanism. However, with current P2P swarming systems users need to download the full video, and hence have to wait a long time before they can start watching it. While a lot of effort has gone into optimizing the distribution of large files, little research has been done on enabling Video-on-Demand (VoD) functionality with P2P swarming systems. The main challenges reside in ensuring that users can start watching a movie at any point in time, with small start-up times and sustainable playback rates. In this work, we address the issues of providing VoD using P2P mesh-based networks. We investigate scheduling techniques, and network coding in particular. Using both simulations and a prototype implementation, we show that high-quality VoD is feasible, and give guidelines to build play-as-you-download P2P swarming systems with high playback rates and low start-up delays.
The pathogenic effects of Eimeria praecox and E. acervulina in the chicken

Eimeria praecox produced less effect on body-weight gain and food consumption than E. acervulina. No deaths occurred and no weight loss followed infection with doses of oocysts up to 10. However, there was a depression of body-weight gain in birds infected with both species and changes in the permeability of the intestine were noted from as early as 3½ h after infection. This suggests that increased intestinal permeability is not the major factor in the greater pathogenicity of E. acervulina compared with E. praecox. Eimeria acervulina produced considerably greater effects on the host as evidenced by mortality, body weight gain and food consumption. I wish to thank Mr B. J. Millard and Mr M. Shirley for technical assistance and Dr B. M. Freeman for help with the statistics in Table 2.
Attitude estimation from noisy sonar images

Several researches estimate locations and attitudes of underwater vehicles through seafloor patterns in onboard video or sonar images. However, seafloor maps are needed in advance and the images are usually noisy and obscure. In practical images only objects to be identified are the sea surface and the seafloor. In this paper, a new attitude estimation technique based on acoustical image processing is presented. It is a three dimensional expansion of Hough transformation which is robust for noisy images. After the procedure explanation, numerical simulation conditions and results are shown. An elementary optimization trial is also presented.
A Pure Theory of Job Security and Labour Income Risk

Models of labour market equilibrium where forward-looking decisions maximize both profits and labour income on a risk-neutral basis, offer valuable insights into the effects of employment protection legislation. Since risk-neutral behaviour in the labour market presumes perfect insurance, however, job security provisions play no useful role in such models. This Paper studies a stylized model of dynamic labour market interactions where labour reallocation costs are partly financed by uninsured workers’ consumption flows. In the resulting second-best equilibrium, provisions that shift labour reallocation costs to risk-neutral employers can increase productive efficiency if their administrative deadweight costs are not too large, and increase workers’ welfare as long as employers’ firing costs at least partly finance workers’ mobility.
T‐Tubule Function in Mammalian Cardiac Myocytes

Abstract —The transverse tubules (t‐tubules) of mammalian cardiac ventricular myocytes are invaginations of the surface membrane. Recent studies have suggested that the structure and function of the t‐tubules are more complex than previously believed; in particular, many of the proteins involved in cellular Ca2+ cycling appear to be concentrated at the t‐tubule. Thus, the t‐tubules are an important determinant of cardiac cell function, especially as the main site of excitation‐contraction coupling, ensuring spatially and temporally synchronous Ca2+ release throughout the cell. Changes in t‐tubule structure and protein expression occur during development and in heart failure, so that changes in the t‐tubules may contribute to the functional changes observed in these conditions. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of recent studies of t‐tubule structure and function in cardiac myocytes. (Circ Res. 2003;92:1182–1192.)
Adaptive Resource Allocation with Strict Delay Constraints in OFDMA System

We consider the adaptive resource allocation problem in downlink Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) system with strict packet delay constraints in the range of . In this range of delay constraints, resource optimization has to be simultaneously performed over multiple time slots. Thus optimal allocation decisions require future Channel State Information (CSI) and packet arrival rate information. The causal nature of CSI combined with the increase in the number of optimization variables makes it a very challenging problem. We propose a two-step solution by separating scheduling from subcarrier and power allocation. Our proposed causal scheduler ensures delay guarantees by deriving a minimum data rate out of the user queues while minimizing transmit power in every time slot. The output rates are fed to the resource allocation block and the problem is formulated as a convex optimization problem. The subcarrier and power allocation decisions are made in order to satisfy the demanded rates within the peak power constraint. We address the feasibility of the physical layer resource allocation problem and develop efficient algorithms. When the problem is infeasible we devise a strategy which incurs minimum deviation from the proposed rates for maximum number of users. We show by simulations that our proposed scheme can efficiently utilize time variations as well as multiuser diversity in the system.
Cell type-specific response to high intracellular loading of polyacrylic acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles

Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are a special type of NP with a ferromagnetic, electron-dense core that enables several applications such as cell tracking, hyperthermia, and magnetic separation, as well as multimodality. So far, superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs) are the only clinically approved type of metal oxide NPs, but cobalt ferrite NPs have properties suitable for biomedical applications as well. In this study, we analyzed the cellular responses to magnetic cobalt ferrite NPs coated with polyacrylic acid (PAA) in three cell types: Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO), mouse melanoma (B16) cell line, and primary human myoblasts (MYO). We compared the internalization pathway, intracellular trafficking, and intracellular fate of our NPs using fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as quantified NP uptake and analyzed uptake dynamics. We determined cell viability after 24 or 96 hours’ exposure to increasing concentrations of NPs, and quantified the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon 24 and 48 hours’ exposure. Our NPs have been shown to readily enter and accumulate in cells in high quantities using the same two endocytic pathways; mostly by macropinocytosis and partially by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The cell types differed in their uptake rate, the dynamics of intracellular trafficking, and the uptake capacity, as well as in their response to higher concentrations of internalized NPs. The observed differences in cell responses stress the importance of evaluation of NP–cell interactions on several different cell types for better prediction of possible toxic effects on different cell and tissue types in vivo.
Bias in self-reported family history and relationship to glaucoma: The Blue Mountains Eye Study

PURPOSE To examine bias in the relationship between self-reported family history of glaucoma and its relationship to the prevalence of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. METHODS In a cross-sectional population-based study of 3654 Australians aged 49–97, participants were asked whether any first-degree relatives had been diagnosed with glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma was diagnosed from matching optic disc and typical visual field changes, after gonioscopy. Ocular hypertension (OH) was diagnosed from elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in subjects without glaucoma. RESULTS Glaucoma was present in 3.0% and ocular hypertension in 5.2% of subjects. A parent or sibling was reported to have glaucoma by 8.6%,including 10.5% of women and 5.9% of men. A positive family history was reported more frequently in parents (6.4%) than siblings (2.6%). Glaucoma was reported more frequently to affect mothers (5.0%) and sisters (1.6%) than fathers (1.5%) and brothers (1.2%). A first-degree family history was given by 15.7% of subjects with glaucoma compared to 8.3% of controls, odds ratio (OR) 3.2 (95% CI 1.8–5.6), after adjusting for glaucoma risk factors, including IOP. The association had a similar magnitude for a family history in parents and siblings. Although recall bias was evident from the finding of increased odds (OR 4.2) among previously diagnosed cases, the relationship with family history also persisted in newly-diagnosed cases (OR 2.4). A slightly stronger relationship was found between OH and glaucoma family history, OR 3.9 (95% CI 2.6–5.7), after adjusting for confounders, but was also strongly influenced by recall bias. CONCLUSION Although a positive family history of glaucoma may help to identify those at risk, it is subject to recall, selection and survival bias as well as community under-diagnosis of glaucoma and will most likely substantially underestimate the genetic influence.
Perceptually adaptive filtering for stereoscopic video compression

Advances in multiview video coding aim to fulfil the required bandwidth and storage capacity of the 3D content. However, despite these evolutions, further compression efficiency can be achieved by taking into account the perceptual characteristics of 3D video. This paper presents a regionally adaptive filtering scheme for 3D video, exploiting the sensitivity of the human visual system to the perceptual characteristics of texture video. The location and the strength of the smoothing filter are determined based on the degree of brightness of each individual pixel within the image. A series of systematic subjective tests were conducted, confirming that no quality degradation is introduced by application of such filtering and hence, keeping the perceived quality of the filtered content intact. At the same time, objective measurements show a Bjontegaard delta bitrate reduction of up to 33.55% and with an average of 21.35%.
Decompressive hemicraniectomy for acute subdural hematoma.

The results of 31 Patients with acute subdural hematoma who underwent decompressive hemicraniectomy was reportd. Six selected patients were treated postoperatively with barbiturates. 32% of the patients had a favorable outcome (good recovery and/or moderate disability). 13% had an unfevorable outcome (severe disability and/or vegetative state) and there was a mortality rate of 55%. Careful evaluation of the results revealed that 80% of the patients with GCS scores of 6 to 8 before operation had a favorable outcome. 81% of the mortalities occurred in the patients with GCS scores of 3 to 5. The preoperative ICP was higher than 40 mmHg in all patients and the postoperative ICP was controlled at or below 50 mmHg except in patients who developed diffuse brain swelling. 36 % of the patients with sustained high ICPs of 50 mmHg after the operation had favorable outcomes. Postoperative administration of a barbiturate was effective in lowering the ICP by 10 to 15 mmHg without complications.
Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cobalamin and folate disorders

The clinical picture is the most important factor in assessing the significance of test results assessing cobalamin status because there is no ‘gold standard’ test to define deficiency. Serum cobalamin currently remains the first‐line test, with additional second‐line plasma methylmalonic acid to help clarify uncertainties of underlying biochemical/functional deficiencies. Serum holotranscobalamin has the potential as a first‐line test, but an indeterminate ‘grey area’ may still exist. Plasma homocysteine may be helpful as a second‐line test, but is less specific than methylmalonic acid. The availability of these second‐line tests is currently limited. Definitive cut‐off points to define clinical and subclinical deficiency states are not possible, given the variety of methodologies used and technical issues, and local reference ranges should be established. In the presence of discordance between the test result and strong clinical features of deficiency, treatment should not be delayed to avoid neurological impairment. Treatment of cobalamin deficiency is recommended in line with the British National Formulary. Oral therapy may be suitable and acceptable provided appropriate doses are taken and compliance is not an issue. Serum folate offers equivalent diagnostic capability to red cell folate and is the first‐line test of choice to assess folate status.
An IEEE802.11 low cost planar antenna for a mobile robot

This paper addresses the design of a low cost, compact printed antenna for the IEEE802.11g band (WiFi), built to operate in a wireless controlled robot. The solution here proposed involves the inclusion of an air layer between the ground plane and the substrate, in order to lower the total effective dielectric constant, thereby increasing the bandwidth. Measurements showed good agreement with the simulations, and the WiFi bandwidth specifications were fulfilled
Matriptase: Potent Proteolysis on the Cell Surface

Matriptase is a type II transmembrane serine protease expressed in most human epithelia, where it is coexpressed with its cognate transmembrane inhibitor, hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor (HAI)-1. Activation of the matriptase zymogen requires sequential N-terminal cleavage, activation site autocleavage, and transient association with HAI-1. Matriptase has an essential physiological role in profilaggrin processing, corneocyte maturation, and lipid matrix formation associated with terminal differentiation of the oral epithelium and the epidermis, and is also critical for hair follicle growth. Matriptase and HAI expression are frequently dysregulated in human cancer, and matriptase expression that is unopposed by HAI-1 potently promotes carcinogenesis and metastatic dissemination in animal models.
Proton MR spectroscopy of the normal human prostate with an endorectal coil and a double spin‐echo pulse sequence

This report describes the use of an endorectal coil and a double spin‐echo pulse sequence for localized 1H MR spectroscopy of the normal prostate in volunteers. The spectra showed well‐resolved signals for citrate, (phospho)choline, and creatine protons. Additional signals were assigned to taurine and myoinositol protons. J modulation of the main and outer peaks of citrate could be monitored in vivo. Apparent relaxation times T1 and T2 have been estimated for the methyl protons of cholines and creatine. An effective T1 relaxation time was estimated for the main peaks of the citrate multiplet. Ratios of the integrals of these resonances have been evaluated, and tissue contents of choline and creatine were estimated using the H2O signal as an internal reference. Spectro‐scopic imaging experiments revealed a lower relative citrate signal in central parts of the prostate than in peripheral parts.
Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear Approaches on Single Trial ERP Detection in Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Tasks

In this paper, we describe a system for detecting encephalography (EEG) signatures of visual recognition events evoked in a single trial during rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). In order to investigate the viability of nonlinear approaches in EEG detection and assess the performance comparison, we applied three classifiers (linear logistic regression model, Laplacian classifier, and spectral maximum mutual information projection) in the detection tasks. The EEG was recorded using 32 electrodes during the rapid image presentation (50 ms/100 ms per image). Subjects were instructed to push a button when they recognize a target image. The results suggest that while the detection of single trial EEG-based recognition is possible, taking advantage of the nonlinear techniques requires data representation that would overcome the non-stationarity of the EEG signals.
Seasonal Variations in Voluntary Intake and Apparent Digestibility of Forages in Goats Grazing on Introduced Leymus chinensis Pasture

The nutrient composition of pasture, voluntary intake and digestibility of diet ingested by goats grazing on an introduced Leymus chinensis pasture were measured across spring (May), summer (July), autumn (October) and winter (March). In each season, 12 Inner Mongolian Cashmere goats (6 wethers and 6 does with an average live weight of 22.2±1.3 kg and 19.5±0.8 kg, respectively) were used to graze on a 2 hectares size paddock. Diet selection was observed and the plant parts selected by grazing goats and whole plant L. chinensis were sampled simultaneously. The alkane pair C32:C33 and C36 were used to estimate intake and digestibility, respectively. The results showed that the plant parts selected by goats had higher crude protein (CP) and lower acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) than the whole plant, especially in the autumn and winter. The voluntary intake of dry matter (DM), CP, ADF, NDF, and metabolizable energy (ME) by goats was highest in summer (p<0.05). The goats ingested more CP, ME, and less ADF in spring than in autumn (p<0.05). The intakes of DM, CP, and ME were lowest in winter (p<0.05). There were significant differences in nutrient intake between wethers and does in each season, except for the ADF and ME intake per metabolic weight (LW0.75). The nutrient digestibilities were higher in spring and summer, and decreased significantly during the autumn and winter (p<0.05). Goats, especially wethers, had a relative constant NDF digestibility across seasons, however, the apparent digestibility of CP in both wethers and does, decreased to negative values in winter. The grazing goats experienced relatively sufficient nutrients supply in spring and summer, and a severe deficiency of CP and ME in winter.
MULTIFREQUENCY SAR POLARIMETRIC SPECKLE NOISE MODEL VALIDATION

Recently, a new polarimetric speckle noise model, in the frame of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), has been proposed by the authors. This model has been demonstrated valid to describe the speckle noise behavior for the Hermitian product of a pair of SAR images in the fields of SAR Polarimetry (PolSAR) [1] and Polarimetric SAR Interferometry (PolInSAR) [2]. This paper concerns the study and validation of this speckle noise model at different frequencies. The conclusions derived from this study will allow to extend the proposed model to describe the noise behavior for the Hermitian product of SAR images acquired at different frequencies.
Conversion of yellow wine lees into high-protein yeast culture by solid-state fermentation

This study is focussed on the possibility of producing a yeast culture with yellow wine lees as a substrate by solid-state fermentation (SSF). Results showed that a yeast count of 1.58 × 109 CFU/g was achieved by signal factor and orthogonal experiments. After fermentation, the starch content in the yeast culture reduced from 32.2% ± 0.5% to 7.5% ± 0.2%, and the contents of crude protein and peptide increased from 36.1% ± 0.8% to 48.0% ± 1.0% and 3.9% ± 0.2% to 7.2% ± 0.4%, respectively. Additionally, large amounts of short peptides and free amino acids were detected by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). These results suggest that yellow wine lees are a suitable substrate for the production of yeast cultures. It can serve as a growth-promoting factor and help reduce the shortage of protein feed in the animal industry. This research provides a potential way for the utilization of agro-industrial residues.
Pain control using pethidine in combination with diazepam compared to diclofenac in combination with hyoscine-n-butyl bromide: in patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Introduction Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) remains the preferred least invasive treatment for urinary tract stones. The main purpose of this study was to compare two treatment modalities for pain control during the ESWL procedure. Material and methods From 2013 to 2014, 220 patients received ESWL for kidney stones. Before the procedure, the weight and height were measured to determine the body mass index (BMI); in addition, oxygen saturation and the pulse of the patients, as well as pain level were determined. The pain control provided included two different methods: diclofenac sodium plus hyoscine-N-butyl bromide in the first group and pethidine plus diazepam in the second group. The pain level of the patients was determined using two different scales: the Wong-Baker and the Visual Analogue scales (VAS). At the end of three sessions, all patients were evaluated for the stone fragmentation rate by plain abdominal X-ray, and the findings were recorded and analyzed. Results A total of 220 patients were enrolled in this study. There were 91 patients in the first group (diclofenac sodium + hyoscine-N-butyl bromide) (male/female: 63/28) and 129 (male/female: 83/46) patients in the second group (pethidine HCL +diazepam). The mean age with SD according to each group was 42.03 (±16.43) and 42.56 (±14.23), respectively (p = 0.8). With regard to pain scores (using the Wong-Baker and VAS scales), the responses were significantly lower in the second group (p <0.001). Conclusions Pethidine in combination with diazepam was superior to diclofenac and Hyoscine-N-butyl bromide for pain in patients undergoing ESWL.