Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of honest signaling by social punishment

When facing dishonest behavior of any form, individuals may choose to punish in order to enhance future honesty from others, even if it is costly for the punishers. Such behavior can be found ubiquitously in human and animal communications, suggesting that it may play an important role in the evolution of honest signaling or reliable communication. By applying Evolutionary Game Theory to the Philip Sidney game, we provide a computational model to investigate whether costly punishment can be a viable strategy for the evolution of honest signaling. We identify four different forms of dishonesty, and study how punishing them affects the level of honesty in the final outcome of evolutionary dynamics. Our results show that punishing those that lie can significantly boost honest signaling when conflicts are moderate and signals are cheap or cost-free. It hence provides an important alternative to the well-known Handicap Principle, which states that honest signaling can evolve only if signals are sufficiently costly for their senders. Furthermore, punishing greedy responses promotes honest signaling if conflicts of interest are high and signals are costly. Lastly, punishing timid or worried individuals does not lead to a clear improvement of honesty.
The IE2 regulatory protein of human cytomegalovirus induces expression of the human transforming growth factor beta1 gene through an Egr-1 binding site

Increases in transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) mRNA and biological activity in the early phase of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in fibroblasts are paralleled by increased TGF-beta1-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene activity. To determine how CMV infection transactivates the TGF-beta1 promoter, we examined the effects of the cotransfected IE2 regulatory protein of human CMV on 5'-deleted TGF-beta1 promoter-CAT reporter genes in transient DNA transfection assays. Two upstream TGF-beta1 promoter regions each containing an Egr-1 consensus site were shown to be important for IE2-induced transactivation in a cell type that displayed greatly reduced nonspecific activity. Furthermore, transfer of an Egr-l site from between positions -125 and -98, but not point mutant versions of this site, to a heterologous promoter also conveyed IE2 responsiveness. Addition of an IE2 expression vector or use of the U373 A45 astrocytoma cell line expressing IE2 also produced synergistic stimulation of GAL4-Egr-l-mediated activation of a target promoter containing GAL4 binding sites. The 80-kDa IE2 protein present in A45 cells proved to selectively bind to glutathione S-transferase (GST)-Egr-1 beads. The results of in vitro protein binding assays also revealed that an intact in vitro-translated IE2 protein bound directly to the GST-Egr-1 fusion protein through the zinc finger domain of the Egr-1 protein and that this binding activity was abolished by deletion of parts of the zinc finger DNA-binding domain. Similarly, the Egr-1 protein was found to associate preferentially with a small region within the C-terminal half of the IE2 protein adjacent to the DNA-binding and dimerization domains that are important for both transactivation and downregulation. We conclude from these observations that IE2 may regulate transcription of the TGF-beta1 gene as well as other potential cellular targets by virtue of its ability to interact with the Egr-1 DNA-binding protein.
Survey of Test Data Compression Technique Emphasizing Code Based Schemes

As a result of the emergence of new fabrication technologies and design complexities, standard stuck-at scan tests are no longer sufficient. The number of tests and corresponding data volume increase with each new fabrication process technology. The demand goes to well beyond 100X tester cycle reduction considering new fault models. The test data compression has been an emerging need of VLSI field and the hot topic of research for last decade. Still there is a great need and scope for further reduction in test data volume. This reduction must be lossless for input side test data. This paper summarizes the different methods based on coding theory applied for lossless compression of the input side test data. It covers starting with simple code based methods to combine/hybrid methods. The basic goal here is to prepare survey on current methodologies applied for test data compression and prepare a platform for further development in this avenue.
Social Entrepreneurship: A Few Case Study

Social entrepreneurship provides a unique opportunity to challenge, question, and also rethink concepts from different prospects of business research and management. This paper shows its view on the concept of social entrepreneurship and its various definitions. Entrepreneurship has been seen as differ concept comparing itwith other forms of entrepreneurship. Social entrepreneurship bridges the gap between financial needs and actual needs of the society and. Also, illustrate and explain the present scenario of social entrepreneurship in India with the help of four case studies namely, EnAble India, Water Health India Private Ltd, Aravind Eye Hospital and Goonj.
Lead toxicity: current concerns.

Over the 20-year period since the first issue of Environmental Health Perspectives was published, there has been considerable progress in the understanding of the potential toxicity of exposure to lead. Many of these advances have been reviewed in published symposia, conferences, and review papers in EHP. This brief review identifies major advances as well as a number of current concerns that present opportunities for prevention and intervention strategies. The major scientific advance has been the demonstration that blood lead (PbB) levels of 10-15 micrograms/dL in newborn and very young infants result in cognitive and behavioral deficits. Further support for this observation is being obtained by prospective or longitudinal studies presently in progress. The mechanism(s) for the central nervous system effects of lead is unclear but involve lead interactions within calcium-mediated intracellular messenger systems and neurotransmission. Effects of low-level lead exposure on blood pressure, particularly in adult men, may be related to the effect of lead on calcium-mediated control of vascular smooth muscle contraction and on the renin-angiotensin system. Reproductive effects of lead have long been suspected, but low-level effects have not been well studied. Whether lead is a carcinogen or its association with renal adenocarcinoma is a consequence of cystic nephropathy is uncertain. Major risk factors for lead toxicity in children in the United States include nutrition, particularly deficiencies of essential metals, calcium, iron, and zinc, and housing and socioeconomic status. A goal for the year 2000 is to reduce prevalence of blood lead levels exceeding 15 micrograms/dL. ImagesFIGURE 2.
Assessing the frequency and magnitude of match impacts accrued during an elite rugby union playing season

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify position-related differences in absolute and relative match impacts in rugby union. Thirty-eight subjects were tracked, using GPS units containing inertial sensors, across one full playing season (n = 462 data sets). No difference in the number of impacts >9.01 G were observed between forwards (229 ± 160) and backs (226 ± 151). Forwards, however, experienced a greater absolute (p = 0.03) and relative (p = 0.003) number of impacts >13 G compared to backs. Full backs experienced the highest frequency of absolute impacts >9.01 G, which was significantly greater compared to locks (p = 0.001, d = 1.84), back row (p = 0.003, d = 0.68), out half (p = 0.036, d = 1.24) and wingers (p = 0.036, d = 0.76). Hookers experienced the highest relative frequency of impacts >9.01 G, which was significantly greater than locks (p < 0.001, d = 2.06), back row (p = 0.001, d = 1.10), outside halves (p = 0.001, d = 1.44) and wingers (p < 0.001, d = 1.19). Coaches should consider these findings when planning training sessions, as the frequency and magnitude of impacts experienced by positional groups vary during match play.
WLAN IN DYNAMIC PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTS

What is still missing in the convergence of IT and automation technologies is the integration of wireless communication. In this paper we consider the problem of planning available Wireless LAN (WLAN) in production environments with dynamic radio-propagation properties. Our approach is an autonomic control loop with feedback simulation and optimization. We present in detail the simulation and calibration module which automatically keeps the knowledge about the current radio coverage up-to-date. Evaluation showed that the constrained least squares calibration method results in a more accurate model compared to other methods. The results are general to planning WLAN availability in production environments. Copyright © 2007 IFAC
Toward Data Confidentiality via Integrating Hybrid Encryption Schemes and Hadoop Distributed File System

With the increasing popularity of cloud computing, Hadoop has become a widely used open source cloud computing framework for large scale data processing. However, few studies have been done to enhance data confidentiality of Hadoop against storage servers. In this paper, we address the data confidentiality issue by integrating hybrid encryption schemes and the Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS). We propose and implement two integrations, HDFS-RSA and HDFS-Pairing, as extensions of HDFS. Experiments are conducted to demonstrate the performance overhead of HDFS-RSA and HDFS-Pairing. Our integrations provide alternatives toward achieving data confidentiality for Hadoop.
A Hit‐and‐Run approach for generating scale invariant Small World networks

Hit‐and‐Run is a well‐known class of Markov chain algorithms for sampling from essentially arbitrary distributions over bounded regions of the Euclidean space. We present a class of Small World network models constructed using Hit‐and‐Run in a Euclidean ball. We prove that there is a unique scale invariant model in this class that admits efficient search by a decentralized algorithm. This research links two seemingly unrelated areas: Markov chain sampling techniques and scale invariant Small World networks, and may have interesting implications for stochastic search methods for continuous optimization. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2009
Sales Configurator Information Systems Design Theory

We look for means to advance the field of configuration systems via research that is performed rigorously and methodologically with the aim of theory creation. Specifically, we explore the use of Information Systems Design Theory (ISDT) as a framework for defining a design science theory for sales configurator construction. ISDT is the primary output of Design Science research that “shows the principles inherent in the design of an IS artifact that accomplishes some end, based on knowledge of both IT and human behavior”. The components of ISDT include purpose and scope, constructs, principles of form and function, artifact mutability, testable propositions, and justificatory knowledge. Generalizing from the novel principles of our earlier work applied in the construction of a sales configuration system called WeCoTin, we present the Sales Configurator Information Systems Design Theory SCISDT. SCISDT aims to support development of generic configurators (aka configuration toolkits) that enable the creation of configurator instantiations for individual companies or product lines to provide choice navigation capability.
Evaluation of the level of gamma radiation dose on some immune system parameters against cancer

The positive impact of exposure to low-dose gamma irradiation (LDR) on tumor regression and immune response has recently been emphasized. The present study aimed to investigate the Thelper 1 / T-helper 2 (Th1/ Th2) cytokine balance, serum protein changes in male BALB/c Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice exposed to two low doses(0.4Gy or 0.8Gy) of gamma irradiation. Seventy two male BALB/C mice were divided into six groups. Group1: normal control; Group2&3:mice were exposed to γ-irradiation at 0.4 and 0.8 Gray, respectively two times weekly for 3 weeks; Group4 (malignant control):mice were injected subcutaneously with 2×10 Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells/mouse; Group5&6: mice were injected by EAC cells and exposed to γ-irradiation at 0.4 and 0.8 Gray, respectively two times weekly for 3 weeks, eight days after tumor transplantation. Data from the present study reported that two low-doses of γirradiation significantly increase the levels of serum IL2, IL6 and TNFα and a decrease the serum IL10 level in comparison to malignant control mice. The IL2 /IL-10,IL-6/IL-10 and TNFα/IL-10 (Th1/Th2 balance), were significantly increased in all tested groups when compared with control (P<0.05). Exposure to 0.8 Gy dose, however, induced significant elevation in all ratios in comparison to exposure to 0.4 Gy dose. This was associated with significant reduced tumor growth in mice implanted with Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma, which was more pronounced in mice exposed to 0.8 Gy than mice exposed to 0.4 Gy dose. In conclusion, the present study suggests a possible immunomodulatory role of LDR as it was associated with Th1 cytokine polarization response, and 0.8 Gy have more positive effect than 0.4 Gy. It also reinforces the beneficial effect of accumulated dose of total body irradiation (0.4Gy or 0.8Gy) in the regression of implanted Ehrlich Ascites Carcinomain BALB/c mice.
Supporting distributed software design meetings

Although virtual conferencing tools have been successfully used in executive meetings, current tools appear inadequate for the needs of software designers. As a result, while distributed code writing is becoming widespread, almost all software design meetings are still carried out face-to-face incurring costs that undermine the potential of distributed software development.Our research strives to build successful tools for supporting distributed software design meetings. To do so, we must first identify the unique activities of software design which must be mimicked in the virtual world. This paper does so with a detailed study of two colocated design meetings. We discuss issues that must be tackled in the transition to virtual settings, outline requirements for such tools, and propose strategies for meeting these requirements. In doing so, we also identify problems in existing colocated meetings which could be alleviated with these tools.
Automatic Construction of Compact Motion Graphs

Motion capture data often requires substantial processing before it becomes useful. We propose a technique that automatically distills a compact motion graph from an arbitrary collection of motion capture data. At its heart, the process identifies clusters of similar motions which we call “motion bundles”. Motion bundles and their encompassing motion graph provide a readily understandable structuring of the motion data. They can serve as a shared tool in support of common types of motion processing, including motion segmentation, motion compression, the creation of blend spaces, and the identification of connectivity to support motion resequencing. We use a novel string-based representation of motions to help find motion bundles. Users can specify a preference for longduration bundles or bundles containing many motions. We demonstrate results using data for boxing, walking and various exercise motions, and we show that meaningful partitions are retained in the face of noise.
Errors in the Diagnosis of Stroke-Tales of Common Stroke Mimics and Strokes in Hiding

Introduction: Stroke mimics are some of the common causes of misdiagnosis of stroke, with an attendant surfeit of finances and resources. Aim: We attempt to discuss some of the common neurological conditions mimicking stroke in the emergency. Methods: We reviewed the articles in English discussing stroke mimics in the last 5 years of publication. Purpose of the Review: We discuss the most common causes of stroke mimics encountered in neurological practice. In this short communication, we shall focus on the discussion of the diagnostic pitfalls and clinical clues that will help distinguish mimics from a true stroke.
Designing an interoperable infrastructure for synchronous collaboration

The use of synchronous groupware offers to collaborators similar advantages than face to face meeting. Regarding the design of systems of this kind, the most accurate middleware is the use of messages oriented middleware (MOM). One of the current issues which affects also to collaborative environments is interoperability. More concretely, the use of web service standards has gained its prominence in this area. The use of WS-Eventing and WS-Notification seem to be the most accurate specification for the building of interoperable MOM systems. The aim of this paper is to offer the design and implementation of an interoperable synchronous architecture for the delivery of messages between applications developed in different programming languages devoted to text-based tools, such as instant messaging and chat.
Effect of Experiential Colaborative and Self-Efficacy on Technical Skills for Vocational School Student

Experiential Collaborative provides opportunities for students to learn more actively to work together in groups in order to achieve a goal. Self-efficacy reflects the level of confidence in executing certain tasks. The purpose of this research is to see the impact of group cooperative and self-efficacy on the technical skill, efficacy in this study include self-efficacy academic, social and emotional in which adaptation of instruments were developed [7] consisting 24 items with the lowest score of 24 and the highest score of 120 for categories of high self-efficacy and low selfefficacy. The subjects of this study were students of SMK Negeri 2 Kupang, class X with 40 students. Method in this research is quasi experimental with non-equivalent control group design. Technique for data analyze is Analysis of Variance. From Levene's Test of Equality of Error Variances shows that significant value is 0,892 and Tests of BetweenSubjects Effects the value of significant is 0,994. From this result it shows the effect between experiential collaborative and self-efficacy on technical skills is significant. Keywords—experiential collaborative, self-efficacy, technical skills
PID-type controller tuning for unstable first order plus dead time processes based on gain and phase margin specifications

The control of unstable first-order plus dead-time (UFOPDT) processes using proportional-integral (PI) and proportional-integral-differential (PID) type controllers is investigated in this brief. New tuning rules based on the exact satisfaction of gain and phase margin specifications are proposed. The tuning rules are given in the form of iterative algorithms, as well as in the form of accurate, analytical approximations. Moreover, several specific functions, related to the crossover frequencies of the Nyquist plot and to the feasible design specifications for a given process, are derived. These functions, which are particularly useful for the general design of PI- and PID-type controllers for UFOPDT processes are accurately approximated, in order to simplify the tuning procedure. With the proposed approximations, the tuning rules reported in this brief require relatively small computational effort and are particularly useful for online applications
Multilevel thresholding image segmentation using memetic algorithm

Memetic algorithms (MAs) are hybrid algorithms aimed to improve traditional evolutionary algorithms such as genetic algorithms (GAs). Recently, MAs have been widely used in the image processing field. This paper proposes an image segmentation approach using MA. The proposed approach employs local search as an improvement operator added to the GA in order to speed up the searching process and generate the best solutions faster. The results of the experiments that were conducted on eight different images have shown that MA converges to the solutions faster than GA. In terms of processing time, MA has recorded significant improvement ranging from 17.5% to 79.8%. The comparison results have also shown that MA always achieves the same or better quality of the segmented images.
Impact of link deletions on public cooperation in scale-free networks

Working together in groups may be beneficial if compared to isolated efforts. Yet this is true only if all group members contribute to the success. If not, group efforts may act detrimentally on the fitness of their members. Here we study the evolution of cooperation in public-goods games on scale-free networks that are subject to deletion of links connected to the highest-degree individuals, i.e., on network that are under attack. We focus on the case where all groups a player belongs to are considered for the determination of payoffs; the so-called multi-group public-goods games. We find that the effect of link deletions on the evolution of cooperation is predominantly detrimental, although there exist regions of the multiplication factor where the existence of an “optimal” number of removed links for the deterioration of cooperation can also be demonstrated. The findings are explained by means of wealth distributions and analytical approximations, confirming that socially diverse states are crucial for the successful evolution of cooperation.
Studying the populations of our Galaxy using the kinematics of sdB stars

We have analysed the kinematics of a sample of 114 hot subdwarf stars. For 2/3 of the stars, new proper motions, spectroscopic and photometric data are presented. The vast majority of the stars show a kinematic behaviour that is similar to that of Thick Disk stars. Some stars have velocities rather fitting to solar, i.e. Thin Disk, kinematics. About ∼15 objects have orbital velocities which differ considerably from those of Disk stars. These are members of the Galactic Halo. We investigated the velocity dispersions and calculated the orbits. Most stars feature orbits with disk character (eccentricity of less than 0.5), a few reach far above the Galactic plane and have very eccentric orbits (eccentricity of more than 0.7). The intermediate eccentricity range is poorly populated. This seems to indicate that the (Thick) Disk and the Halo are kinematically disjunct. Plotting a histogram of the orbit data points along z leads to the z-distance probability distribution of the star; doing this for the whole sample leads to the z-distance probability distribution of the sample. The logarithmic histogram shows two slopes, each representing the scale height of a population. The disk component has a scale height of 0.9 (±0.1) kpc, which is consistent with earlier results and is similar to that of the Thick Disk. The other slope represents a component with a scale height ∼7 kpc, a much flatter gradient than for the disk component. This shows that the vast majority of the sdBs are disk stars, but a Halo minority is present, too. The kinematic history and population membership of the sdB stars on the whole is different from that of the cooler HBA stars, which are predominantly or even exclusively Halo objects. This leads to the question, whether the Halo sdB stars are of similar origin as the HBA stars, or whether their kinematical behaviour possibly represents another origin, such as infalling stellar aggregates or inner disk events.