Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perspectives in Diabetes Apical GLUT 2 A Major Pathway of Intestinal Sugar Absorption

Understanding the mechanisms that determine postprandial fluctuations in blood glucose concentration is central for effective glycemic control in the management of diabetes. Intestinal sugar absorption is one such mechanism, and studies on its increase in experimental diabetes led us to propose a new model of sugar absorption. In the apical GLUT2 model, the glucose transported by the Na /glucose cotransporter SGLT1 promotes insertion of GLUT2 into the apical membrane within minutes, so that the mechanism operates during assimilation of a meal containing high–glycemic index carbohydrate to provide a facilitated component of absorption up to three times greater than by SGLT1. Here we review the evidence for the apical GLUT2 model and describe how apical GLUT2 is a target for multiple short-term nutrient-sensing mechanisms by dietary sugars, local and endocrine hormones, cellular energy status, stress, and diabetes. These mechanisms suggest that apical GLUT2 is a potential therapeutic target for novel dietary or pharmacological approaches to control intestinal sugar delivery and thereby improve glycemic control. Diabetes 54:3056–3062, 2005
Nutrient limitations alter cell division control and chromosome segregation through growth-related kinases and phosphatases

In dividing fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells, the balance between Wee1 kinase and Cdc25 phosphatase which control the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) at the G2–M transition determines the rod-shaped cell length. Under nitrogen source starvation or glucose limitation, however, cell size determination is considerably modulated, and cell size shortening occurs for wild-type cells. For several mutants of kinases or phosphatases, including CDK, target of rapamycin complex (TORC) 1 and 2, stress-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Sty1/Spc1, MAPK kinase Wis1, calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-like Ssp1, and type 2A and 2A-related phosphatases inhibitor Sds23, this cell shortening does not normally occur. In tor1 and ssp1 mutants, cell elongation is observed. Sds23 that binds to and inhibits 2A and 2A-related phosphatases is synergistic with Ssp1 in the cell size determination and survival under low glucose and nitrogen source. Tor2 (TORC1) is required for growth, whereas Tor1 (TORC2) is needed for determining division size according to different nutrient conditions. Surprisingly, in growth-diminished tor2 mutant or rapamycin-treated cells, the requirement of separase/Cut1-securin/Cut2 essential for chromosome segregation is greatly alleviated. By contrast, defects of tor1 with secruin/cut2 or overproduction of Cut1 are additive. While Tor1 and Tor2 are opposite in their apparent functions, both may actually coordinate cell division with growth in response to the changes in nutrients.
The rapidly changing world of food allergy in children

Food allergy is a common problem in childhood. The term is used to include both immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated and non-IgE-mediated food allergies, which have a significant effect on the quality of life of patients and their families. In this report, we aim to discuss recent advances in the diagnosis, management, and treatment modalities of food allergy in children.
MACS: combination of a formal mixed interaction model with an informal creative session

In this paper, we propose a collaborative design method combining the informal power of creative session and the formal generative power of a mixed interaction model called MACS (Model Assisted Creativity Session). By using a formal notation during creative sessions, interdisciplinary teams systematically explore combinations between the physical and digital spaces and remain focused on the design problem to address. In this paper, we introduce the MACS method principles and illustrate its application on two case studies.
Shared Data Analysis for Multi-Tasking Real-Time System Testing

Memory corruption due to program faults is one of the most common failures in computer software. For software running in a sequential manner and for multi-tasking software with synchronized data accesses, it has been shown that program faults causing memory corruption can be detected by analyzing the relations between defines and uses of variables (DU coverage-based testing). However, using such methods in testing for memory corruption where globally shared data is accessed through asynchronous events will not be sufficient since they lack the possibility to analyse the cases where preemption of tasks may lead to interleaving failures. In this paper, we propose the use of a system level shared variable DU analysis of multi-tasking realtime software. By analyzing the temporal attributes of each access to globally shared data, our method handles asynchronous data accesses. When used in system-level testing, the result from the analysis can discover failures such as ordering, synchronization and interleaving failures. The result can also serve a as measure for coverage and complexity in data dependency at system level.
Inflammation in cardiovascular disease: cart, horse, or both?

In this issue of Circulation , Ridker and colleagues1 discuss the incremental value of CRP as a predictor of future CVD events. Their conclusion is that CRP is at least additive to HDL and total cholesterol with respect to risk prediction. In fact, there is some evidence that lipids and CRP are better predictors jointly than would be expected by adding up their individual predictive powers. CRP appeared to predict events in those at low risk on the basis of lipids, and CRP-lipid relationships to events were minimally altered by adjustment for other known CVD risk factors. These findings have important implications for CVD risk assessment and risk management. CRP is an acute-phase reactant, the levels of which increase dramatically (100-fold or more) in response to severe bacterial infection, physical trauma, and other inflammatory conditions.2 Several roles have been postulated for CRP, including that of an opsonin, promoting the phagocytic uptake of invading microorganisms, and that of a procoagulant, promoting the expression of tissue factor on the monocyte surface. As a marker of inflammation, CRP is unique among the major plasma proteins in the fold increase that is observed and in that its levels appear to be unaffected by hormones and anti-inflammatory drugs but are regulated primarily by the proinflammatory cytokines, especially IL-6.2 3 Traditionally, 10 mg/L has been used as the cut point to signify clinically important levels, with values in the healthy reference range at or below the lower limit of sensitivity of most assays. Recently, elevated levels of CRP, although still for the most part in the healthy reference range, have been associated with increased risk of future CVD events. Initially, Liuzzo et al4 and Haverkate et al5 established the prognostic usefulness of CRP in the setting of angina. This was followed …
Detecting Cross-lingual Semantic Similarity Using Parallel PropBanks

This paper suggests a method for detecting cross-lingual semantic similarity using parallel PropBanks. We begin by improving word alignments for verb predicates generated by GIZA++ by using information available in parallel PropBanks. We applied the Kuhn-Munkres method to measure predicate-argument matching and improved verb predicate alignments by an F-score of 12.6%. Using the enhanced word alignments we checked the set of target verbs aligned to a specific source verb for semantic consistency. For a set of English verbs aligned to a Chinese verb, we checked if the English verbs belong to the same semantic class using an existing lexical database, WordNet. For a set of Chinese verbs aligned to an English verb we manually checked semantic similarity between the Chinese verbs within a set. Our results show that the verb sets we generated have a high correlation with semantic classes. This could potentially lead to an automatic technique for generating semantic classes for verbs.
Chain stiffness intensifies the reptation characteristics of polymer dynamics in the melt.

AbstractThe reptation concept in polymer dynamics is studied for model chains withadded stiﬀness. The main idea of a chain diﬀusing inside a tube can be transferredfrom fully ﬂexible chains although the renormalization onto a ﬂexible chain offewer Kuhn segments fails. The entanglement length shrinks with increasingpersistence length. If entanglement length and persistence length come to thesame order of magnitude the picture of a tight tube is better suited, in whichchain segments can move only along the contour, any transverse motion beingmuch reduced. Thus, as stiﬀness increases, the monomers loose their freedom toperform random walks inside the tube, the “Rouse-like” part of their dynamics. Keywords: Molecular dynamics, PolymersFor the dynamics of polymer chains longer than the characteristic entanglement lengthin the melt the concept of reptation [1,2] is widely accepted. In contrast to short chainswhich move isotropically and which can be described by the Rouse model, [3] longerchains are constrained to an eﬀective tube by topological entanglements due to thesurrounding chains. The many chain problem may be replaced by an eﬀective singlechain problem with a mean ﬁeld representation of the neighbors. This model hasbeen developed for fully ﬂexible polymers and is based on the Rouse model for localdynamics, which treats a polymer chain as a set of non-interacting beads connected bysprings in a bath of homogeneous friction. The entanglement monomer number N
In Vitro Analog of Operant Conditioning inAplysia. II. Modifications of the Functional Dynamics of an Identified Neuron Contribute to Motor Pattern Selection

Previously, an analog of operant conditioning was developed using the buccal ganglia of Aplysia, the probabilistic occurrences of a specific motor pattern (i.e., pattern I), a contingent reinforcement (i.e., stimulation of the esophageal nerve), and monotonic stimulation of a peripheral nerve (i.e., n.2,3). This analog expressed a key feature of operant conditioning (i.e., selective enhancement of the probability of occurrence of a designated motor pattern by contingent reinforcement). In addition, the training induced changes in the dynamical properties of neuron B51, an element of the buccal central pattern generator. To gain insights into the neuronal mechanisms that mediate features of operant conditioning, the present study identified a neuronal element that was critically involved in the selective enhancement of pattern I. We found that bursting activity in cell B51 contributed significantly to the expression of pattern I and that changes in the dynamical properties of this cell were associated with the selective enhancement of pattern I. These changes could be induced by an explicit association of reinforcement with random depolarization of B51. No stimulation of n.2,3 was required. These results indicate that the selection of a designated motor pattern by contingent reinforcement and the underlying neuronal plasticity resulted from the association of reinforcement with a component of central neuronal activity that contributes to a specific motor pattern. The sensory stimulus that allows for occurrences of different motor acts may not be critical for induction of plasticity that mediates the selection of a motor output by contingent reinforcement in operant conditioning.
Preliminary Search Engine for Open Protein Identification

Protein identification is the most important and basic problem for proteomics. Using tandem mass spectrometry and database search is one of the most widely used identification techniques. However, the improved sensitivity of mass spectrometers, rapid expansion of databases and more complex analysis, like post-translational modification and non-specific enzymatic digestion, have challenged current restricted protein identification search engines in scale and speed severely. In this paper, we proposed an open protein identification method relaxing enzyme, and presented our distributed design to support big protein database with non-specific digestion analysis based on pFind, a practical tandem mass spectra search engine developed in China. With classical bigger protein databases ipi. HUMAN and uniprot-sprot we got nearly linear speedup in a 20-blade cluster. By further analysis, we can expect real time identification to some extent.
Opposite Polarity of Filipin-Induced Deformations in the Membrane of Condensing Vacuoles and Zymogen Granules

Filipin binding to membrane sterols induces deformations of the membrane that are detected by freeze-fracture either as 20to 25-nanometer protuberances or as pits on the fracture faces. By using the filipin probe in pancreatic acinar cells, it was found that the polarity offilipin-induced deformations in the membrane limiting the Golgi condensing vacuoles is opposite that in the membrane limiting the mature zymogen granules. This asymmetry could be due to unequal partitioning of cholesterol between the membrane leaflets in these two compartments during the transformation of the condensing vacuole into the zymogen granule. Lipid asymmetries have been predicted in biological membranes (1) and have been found in a number of systems [(2); for reviews, see (3)]. Such asymmetries have been detected by biochemical and biophysical techniques; nonpenetrating reagents were used that label the outside leaflet of the membrane when the membrane is sealed, and both leaflets when the membrane is unsealed. Biochemical and biophysical approaches average infonnation about the inside and outside leaflets of all the membrane within a preparation. If a membrane preparation is heterogeneous, differences between the components go undetected. To obtam information about the heterogeneity of a membrane preparation, morphological approaches must be used. Some attempts along these lines have been made with freeze-fracture followed by autoradiography, but this technique is laborious and fraught with technical problems (4). Morphological labels are needed that are capable of marking different lipid components between the leaflets. Such markers exist for charges (for example, cationized ferritin), antigenic components (the peroxidase-antiperoxidase and protein A-gold techniques), and carbohydrates (lectins). To date, however, no such marker has been claimed to label Table 1. Quantitative evaluation (8) of the polarity of filipin-induced deformations (protuberances or pits) in the fracture faces (P and E leaflets) of zymogen granule and condensing vacuole membranes. Values are numbers of protuberances or pits + standard errors of the mean per 1.0 ,Asm2 of membrane face; N is the number of exposed faces studied.
SIMULATION STUDY OF A SIGNALLING PROTOCOL EFFICIENCY IN A COMPOSITE RADIO ENVIRONMENT

Key aspects of a signalling protocol governing the interactions between terminals and network entities within a composite radio environment are presented in this paper. On the basis of these aspects, simple simulation models for capturing the dynamics of the message exchanges are discussed. The simulation study allows the derivation of both qualitative and quantitative results, that provide insight on key characteristics of the environment.
2 The Bayesian Approach The

Since the early 1990s, Bayesian statistics and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods have become increasingly used in political science research. While the Bayesian approach enjoyed philosophical cachet up until that point, it was impractical (if not impossible) for applied work. This changed with the onset of MCMC methods, which allowed researchers to use simulation to fit otherwise intractable models. This chapter begins with an introduction to the Bayesian approach for statistical inference, contrasting it with more conventional approaches. I then introduce the Monte Carlo principle and review commonly used MCMC methods. This is followed by a practical justification for the use of Bayesian methods in the social sciences, and a number of examples from the literature where Bayesian methods have proven useful. The chapter concludes with a review of modern software for Bayesian inference, and a discussion of the future of Bayesian methods in political science. ∗This research is supported by the National Science Foundation Methodology, Measurement, and Statistics Section, Grant SES-03-50646. I acknowledge Jong Hee Park, Kyle Saunders, and seminar participants at the University of South Carolina and the University of California, Davis for their constructive comments about this chapter. R code to replicate the figures will be made available on the author’s website.
Applicability of recommender systems to medical surveillance systems

In traditional Event-Based Surveillance systems, documents are continuously monitored for health threats detection and reporting, following a user-defined set of rules. This monitoring may result in a large set of events detected, overwhelming the user. In addition, such systems would not consider aspects similar to the user's set of defined rules other than exact matches. This prevents the user from discovering similar health threats that could also be of interest. In this paper, we perform a two-fold evaluation of a recommendation algorithm that infers the user preferences from his set of defined rules. In the first part of the evaluation, the participants evaluate the recommendations whether they match their interest in the H1N1 virus. For this evaluation, we achieved a precision rate of 0.81. In the second part, we conduct a group discussion with health surveillance experts where they provide feedback on the recommendations received. We present these results in terms of what should be recommended, and how the recommendations should be evaluated and take place in a surveillance system.
The Facilitative Effects of Ambiguous Figures on Creative Solution

Empirical studies of creativity emphasize the importance of ambiguity advantage in idea generation and creative problem-solving. This study examined whether ambiguous figures could directly induce a mind-set that would transfer to the creative problem-solving. In Experiment 1, we examined whether presentation of ambiguous figures would influence participants' performance in alternative uses tasks, and the results showed that prior exposure to ambiguous figures significantly enhanced participants' performance in the dimension of fluency, flexibility, and originality than those exposed to non-ambiguous figures; in general uses tasks, there were no significant difference in the reaction time and originality between the ambiguous figure condition and non-ambiguous figure condition. In Experiment 2, the facilitative effect of ambiguous figures on creative thinking was further examined with creative story generation tasks that demand more mental effort and increased cognitive load. Results showed that creativity of stories generated in ambiguous figure condition was scored significantly higher than those in non-ambiguous figure condition. The current research extends our understanding of the facilitative effect of ambiguous figures on creative problem-solving.
The Promise of Ultra-Short-Term (UST) Heart Rate Variability Measurements

Researchers have investigated whether ultra-short-term (UST) heart rate variability values can replace traditional 5-minute values in clinical and optimal performance settings. Concurrent validity is the extent to which the results of a measurement correspond to a previously validated assessment of the same construct. Several studies either failed to specify their concurrent validity criteria or used an inappropriate statistical test. The authors proposed a rigorous standard and demonstrated that artifacted resting ultra-short-term heart rate variability values can achieve strong concurrent validity for diverse time-domain, frequency-domain, and nonlinear measurements in healthy undergraduates. Based on these findings, resting baselines as brief as 1 minute should be sufficient to measure heart rate, the standard deviation of the interbeat interval for normal beats (SDNN), and the square root of the mean squared difference of adjacent NN intervals (RMSSD) in clinical, optimal performance, and personal hea.
Constructions of Fail-Stop Signatures for Multi-signer Setting

Fail-stop signatures (FSS) provide the security for a signer against a computationally unbounded adversary by enabling the signer to provide a proof of forgery. Conventional FSS schemes are for a single-signer setting, but in the real world, there is a case where a countersignature of multiple signers (e.g. A signature between a bank, a user, and a consumer) is required. In this work, we propose a framework of FSS capturing a multi-signer setting and call the primitive fail-stop multisignatures (FSMS). We propose a generic construction of FSMS via the bundling homomorphisms proposed by Pfitzmann and then propose a provably secure instantiation of the FSMS scheme from the factoring assumption. Our proposed schemes can be also extended to fail-stop aggregate signatures (FSAS).
VectorWeavers at SemEval-2016 Task 10: From Incremental Meaning to Semantic Unit (phrase by phrase)

This paper describes an experimental approach to Detection of Minimal Semantic Units and their Meaning (DiMSUM), explored within the framework of SemEval 2016 Task 10. The approach is primarily based on a combination of word embeddings and parserbased features, and employs unidirectional incremental computation of compositional embeddings for multiword expressions.
Selection of optimal EEG channels for classification of signals correlated with alcohol abusers

Many brain events and disorders can be detected by analyzing electroencephalograms (EEGs). Also the availability of quantitative biological markers that are correlated with qualitative psychiatric phenotypes helps us to utilize automated methods to diagnose and classify these phenotypes. One such a psychiatric phenotype is alcoholism. In this study a method to select an optimal subset of EEG channels for the purpose of practical classification of alcohol abusers from normal subjects is proposed, which is based on combination of model-based spectral analysis and correlation matrices. The EEG signals were recorded when the subjects were represented with single trial visual stimuli. The proposed method proved successful in selecting an optimum number of channels which achieved acceptable average classification accuracy.
Robust elements of Snowball Earth atmospheric circulation and oases for life

Atmospheric circulation in a Snowball Earth is critical for determining cloud behavior, heat export from the tropics, regions of bare ice, and sea glacier flow. These processes strongly affect Snowball Earth deglaciation and the ability of oases to support photosynthetic marine life throughout a Snowball Earth. Here we establish robust aspects of the Snowball Earth atmospheric circulation by running six general circulation models with consistent Snowball Earth boundary conditions. The models produce qualitatively similar patterns of atmospheric circulation and precipitation minus evaporation. The strength of the Snowball Hadley circulation is roughly double modern at low CO2 and greatly increases as CO2 is increased. We force a 1‒D axisymmetric sea glacier model with general circulation model (GCM) output and show that, neglecting zonal asymmetry, sea glaciers would limit ice thickness variations to O (10%). Global mean ice thickness in the 1‒D sea glacier model is well‒approximated by a 0‒D ice thickness model with global mean surface temperature as the upper boundary condition. We then show that a thin‒ice Snowball solution is possible in the axysymmetric sea glacier model when forced by output from all the GCMs if we use ice optical properties that favor the thin‒ice solution. Finally, we examine Snowball oases for life using analytical models forced by the GCM output and find that conditions become more favorable for oases as the Snowball warms, so that the most critical time for the survival of life would be near the beginning of a Snowball Earth episode.