Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is the Russian Strategy 2020 Workable ? Sources of productivity growth and policy implications for the Russian economy

In spite of outstanding growth in 2000-s, Russia is a lagging country. In 2012 the level of Russian GDP per capita was almost one third of the United States or just over two fifth of Germany, falling behind many post-transition. Moreover, the post-crisis recovery of the Russian economy is 3.3 per cent per year in 2010-2013, which makes its perspectives of catching up uncertain. This problem has been addressed in the first official post-crisis economic strategy, published in 2013 and entitled “Strategy 2020. New Growth Model, New Social Policy”. This document aims to achieve fast and stable growth in the upcoming years at minimum rate five per cent per year of the Russian economy, suggesting a shift of the economy to a new model of growth. The present study aims to qualify some aspects of Strategy 2020 with a newly developed Russia KLEMS dataset as well as the World KLEMS data for other countries. First, it unveils the pre-crisis sources of growth of the Russian economy. Indeed, before 2008 one third of labour productivity growth rates were contributed by capital intensity. At the same time, the lion’s share of remaining multifactor productivity contribution was provided by catching up of financial and business services, which had been underdeveloped in early transition even in comparison with former planned economies in Central and East Europe (CEEs). Second, it compares contributions of labour composition to growth in Russia, CEEs and developed economies, testing the hypothesis of human capital underutilization in Russia. This study shows that the contribution of labour productivity in Russia is comparable with CEEs, so there is no evidence of substantial underutilization. Third, it compares the contribution of labour reallocation in Russia and in other countries with different levels of development. Our data shows that Russia will not gain much from further improvements in labour reallocation, because the initial level post-transition level of labour productivity variation across industries was not as high as in developing economies, being closer do the industrialized developed world. Finally, it evaluates practicality of the intensive innovations-stimulation policy measuring distances to the technology frontier in various industries. If an industry is in the vicinity of the frontier, the extension of the frontier – innovations is the top priority. However, all Russian industries are more remote from the frontier than of CEEs. That is why technology adaptation seems to be a more efficient way for catching up.
Allorecognition in the Tasmanian Devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), an Endangered Marsupial Species with Limited Genetic Diversity

Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) are on the verge of extinction due to a transmissible cancer, devil facial tumour disease (DFTD). This tumour is an allograft that is transmitted between individuals without immune recognition of the tumour cells. The mechanism to explain this lack of immune recognition and acceptance is not well understood. It has been hypothesized that lack of genetic diversity at the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) allowed the tumour cells to grow in genetically similar hosts without evoking an immune response to alloantigens. We conducted mixed lymphocyte reactions and skin grafts to measure functional MHC diversity in the Tasmanian devil population. The limited MHC diversity was sufficient to produce measurable mixed lymphocyte reactions. There was a wide range of responses, from low or no reaction to relatively strong responses. The highest responses occurred when lymphocytes from devils from the east of Tasmania were mixed with lymphocytes from devils from the west of Tasmania. All of the five successful skin allografts were rejected within 14 days after surgery, even though little or no MHC I and II mismatches were found. Extensive T-cell infiltration characterised the immune rejection. We conclude that Tasmanian devils are capable of allogeneic rejection. Consequently, a lack of functional allorecognition mechanisms in the devil population does not explain the transmission of a contagious cancer.
Copine 6 , a novel calcium sensor translating synaptic activity into spine plasticity

Dekan The structure of consciousness " The interaction and interference of multiple brain rhythms often gives rise to the appearance of 'noise' in an electroencephalogram. This noise is the most complex type known to physics and reflects a metastable state between the predictable behaviour of oscillators and the unpredictability of chaos " When I read this statement first time during the initial phase of my study I wanted to know how exactly an electroencephalogram works, how an oscillator oscillates and wondered about the possibility of things existing in a metastable state. However after 4 years of studying with endless nights of analyzing neurons, hours of cloning and avoiding forgetting any food in the Department fridge, I best of all learned what chaos means. And believe me it is predictable.
ΔNp63 intronic miR-944 is implicated in the ΔNp63-mediated induction of epidermal differentiation

ΔNp63 is required for both the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes, but its role in the differentiation of these cells is poorly understood. The corresponding gene, TP63, harbors the MIR944 sequence within its intron. However, the mechanism of biogenesis and the function of miR-944 are unknown. We found that miR-944 is highly expressed in keratinocytes, in a manner that is concordant with that of ΔNp63 mRNA, but the regulation of miR-944 expression under various conditions did not correspond with that of ΔNp63. Bioinformatics analysis and functional studies demonstrated that MIR944 has its own promoter. We demonstrate here that MIR944 is a target of ΔNp63. Promoter analysis revealed that the activity of the MIR944 promoter was markedly enhanced by the binding of ΔNp63, which was maintained by the supportive action of AP-2 during keratinocyte differentiation. Our results indicated that miR-944 biogenesis is dependent on ΔNp63 protein, even though it is generated from ΔNp63 mRNA-independent transcripts. We also demonstrated that miR-944 induces keratin 1 and keratin 10 expression by inhibiting ERK signaling and upregulating p53 expression. Our findings suggested that miR-944, as an intronic miRNA and a direct target of ΔNp63, contributes to the function of ΔNp63 in the induction of epidermal differentiation.
Development reuse and the logic program derivation of two string-matching algorithms

Program transformation advocates the development of programs by applying a sequence of meaning-preserving rules to a specification, thereby obtaining an implementation. The cost of program development and maintenance decreases if previous, similar derivations can be reused conveniently Through the string-matching problem, we study the reuse of complete parts of the derivation of an algorithm, in the deriv ation of another, "similar" algorithm. In particular, we first derive the search stage of a variant of the Boyer--Moore algorithm, and then reuse some "dev elopments" in a derivation of the search stage of the Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm. Several advantages result from employing logic programming. First, we get the semantic benefit of having a logical basis. Second, we can easily exploit nondeterminism. Third, we link both deriv ations by observing that repetitive "deterministic" unfolding (i.e. sequences of unfolding steps that halt when more than one clause would be inferred) is closely related to the preprocessing stage of both algorithms.
Perturbations on prey predator equilibria: An in silico approach effect of epidemics on prey-predator system

Traditional models state that both prey and predator population depend each other and they follow same cycle indefinitely until an external force is used. In this manuscript the effect of epidemics on two/three species prey-predator system under the influence of epidemics is studied using time delay models. A z-shaped function in prey-predator mathematical model to find the effect of epidemics is introduced. After the epidemics both prey and predators showed a constant rate of change in population. In three species model the second predator and prey species are not directly dependent so the effect of less number of prey species affects the second predator gradually so it does not show large variations whereas it keeps a linear behavior.
Richard Lindzen : Response To The Critique Of My House Of Commons Lecture Response to the critique of my lecture in the House of Commons on February 22 , 2012

On February 22, 2012, I gave a lecture at the House of Commons explaining the nature of the arguments for climate alarm, and offering my reasons for regarding the concern as being unjustifiably exaggerated. The slides of this lecture were widely circulated. Not surprisingly, the lecture led to a variety of complaints from those supporting alarm. The most thoughtful of these (by Hoskins, Mitchell, Palmer, Shine and Wolff) was a detailed critique posted at the website of the Grantham Institute that Hoskins heads. While there was a considerable amount of agreement between the critics and myself, the overall tenor of the critique suggested that I was presenting a misleading position. The following is my response to this critique. Since both the critique and my lecture focused on the science, the discussion is, of necessity, technical. Moreover, there are distinct limits to what can be covered in a one hour lecture. The following provides more detail than could be included in the lecture.
Ultrafast generation of pseudo-magnetic field for valley excitons in WSe2 monolayers

The valley pseudospin is a degree of freedom that emerges in atomically thin two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (MX2). The capability to manipulate it, in analogy to the control of spin in spintronics, can open up exciting opportunities. Here, we demonstrate that an ultrafast and ultrahigh valley pseudo-magnetic field can be generated by using circularly polarized femtosecond pulses to selectively control the valley degree of freedom in monolayer MX2. Using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy, we observed a pure and valley-selective optical Stark effect in WSe2 monolayers from the nonresonant pump, resulting in an energy splitting of more than 10 milli–electron volts between the K and K′ valley exciton transitions. Our study opens up the possibility to coherently manipulate the valley polarization for quantum information applications. The optical Stark effect is used to control the valley degree of freedom in a transition metal dichalcogenide. Using light to manipulate atomic valleys The electronic structure of atomic layers of transition-metal dichalcogenides, such as WSe2, has two distinct valleys with equal energies. Knowing which valley an electron comes from can make it a carrier of information. Kim et al. used optical methods to distinguish between the valleys. They shone circularly polarized light on a sample of WSe2, which caused the energy needed to create an exciton—a bound state of an electron and a hole—to shift in one valley but not the other. The method may enable the manipulation of the valley degree of freedom for use in quantum information processing. Science, this issue p. 1205
A Political Economy Analysis of Rules of Origin Requirements of Korea-US FTA with a New Measure of the Requirements

Our paper contributes to the literature on the rules of origin (ROO) requirements of regional trade agreements by developing a new measure of ROO requirements and by modifying and testing an existing political economy model of ROO requirements with the data of the Korea-United States Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA). In explaining the utilization rates of KORUS FTA, Bindingness Index, the new measure of ROO requirements taking the status quo local content of a product into consideration, performs better than the existing measure proposed by Estevadeordal (2000). To reflect that the US has agreed to immediate and complete liberalization on most products in KORUS FTA, we modify the political economy model of ROO requirements of Cadot et al. (2006) by assuming that the preferential tariff rates are zero. This modification leads to testable predictions, some of which differs from the prediction of Cadot et al. (2006), and our empirical analysis supports the predictions of our modified political economy model.
A Minimum Wage Increase Can Have an Adverse Distributional Impact: The Case of Colombia

A rise in the minimum wage may contribute to decrease earnings inequality by promoting larger wage increases for workers in the low tail of the wage distribution, but it may also increase inequality by promoting layoffs. This paper uses a semiparametric model to analyze the impact on inequality of a 6.3 percent increase in the real minimum wage in Colombia between 1995 and 1999, a period of economic downturn. Simulations suggest that if the employment effects of the minimum wage increase are ignored, the underlying policy would contribute to reduce earnings inequality. On the contrary, by considering the drop in wages of those who lost their jobs, simulations suggest that the policy in question would increase earnings inequality under some assumptions about the employment elasticity of the minimum wage and the new level of earnings unemployed workers rely upon.
Three-dimensional simulation of nanocrystal Flash memories

We have developed a code for the detailed simulation of nanocrystal Flash memories, which consist of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with an array of semiconductor nanocrystals embedded in the gate dielectric. Information is encoded in the MOSFET threshold voltage, which depends on the amount of charge stored in the nanocrystal layer. Nanocrystals are charged through direct tunneling of electrons from the channel. Such memories are promising in terms of shorter write–erase times, larger cyclability, and lower power consumption with respect to conventional nonvolatile memories. We show results obtained from the self-consistent solution of the Poisson–Schrodinger equation on a three-dimensional grid, focusing on the charging process and on the effect of charge stored in the nanocrystals on the threshold voltage.
An insight into real software industry paradigms and software engineering research

Since years software development industry is trying hard to show a remarkable performance in its project development work. Issues related to the software processes improvement, risk management, people's factors and effective project management still exist. Though academic researchers have produced good quality work on software industry issues, but unluckily, software industry could not get benefit of it as was being expected. Software engineering research work also seems unable to identify and understand the real industry problems and providing hands on solutions. The gap between researchers and actual industry practitioners is the sole reason behind it. It is the foremost need to learn from the academic research work and experiences of real software development industry practitioners. The objective of this study is to bridge this gap by highlighting the root causes of differences between software engineering research works and actual industry practices. An analysis of real industry projects, academic projects, research publications, and industry people is made to complete this research work. The outcome of this research is twofold. First, the identification of factors behind the academic-industry gap; second, presenting a set of measures to bridge this gap to produce actual industry based research works.
The challenges of redressing the digital divide: a tale of two US cities

Abstract. In this paper, we examine efforts undertaken by two cities – Atlanta and LaGrange, Georgia – to redress the digital divide. Atlanta's initiative has taken the form of community technology centres where citizens can come to get exposure to the internet, and learn something about computers and their applications. LaGrange has taken a very different approach, providing free internet access to the home via a digital cable set‐top box. Using theoretical constructs from Bourdieu, we analysed how the target populations and service providers reacted to the two initiatives, how these reactions served to reproduce the digital divide, and the lessons for future digital divide initiatives. In our findings and analysis, we see a reinforcement of the status quo. When people embrace these initiatives, they are full of enthusiasm, and there is no question that some learning occurs and that the programmes are beneficial. However, there is no mechanism for people to go to the next step, whether that is technical certification, going to college, buying a personal computer or escaping the poverty that put them on the losing end of the divide in the first place. This leads us to conclude that the Atlanta and LaGrange programmes could be classified as successes in the sense that they provided access and basic computer literacy to people lacking these resources. However, both programmes were, at least initially, conceived rather narrowly and represent short‐term, technology‐centric fixes to a problem that is deeply rooted in long‐standing and systemic patterns of spatial, political and economic disadvantage. A persistent divide exists even when cities are giving away theoretically ‘free’ goods and services.
A Geo-referenced Swarm Agents Enabling System: Theory and Demo Application

The Center for TeleInFrastruktur (CTIF) Italy, with its headquarter at University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, and the Italian company Space Software Italia (SSI), have realized a device that allows to mobile physical agents to perform operations within a spatial-temporal area defined by mission data. Such a device is enough small to be easily integrated within physical agents.
Remote monitoring of vital signs in patients with Chronic Heart Failure: Sensor devices and data analysis perspective

Nowadays Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) represents one of the leading causes of hospital admission among chronic diseases, especially for elderly citizens. Monitoring of vital signs, performed at patients' home, has been identified by physicians and administrators as an important strategy to early detect and treat the alterations in vital signs that precede the acute syndromes, in order to reduce the number of consequent hospitalizations and related costs. A basic set of relevant vital parameters consists of ECG, SpO2, Blood Pressure and Weight, acquired in non-invasive fashion and processed both in threshold comparisons and for trends extraction. This paper describes, from the sensors and data processing perspective, a complete and integrated ICT solution to improve the provisioning of healthcare service for CHF patients able to connect in-hospital care of acute phase with out-of-hospital follow-up.
Fed intervention: managing moral hazard in financial crises

At the end of September 2008, U.S. policymakers had been working for more than a year to contain the shock waves from plunging home prices and the subsequent financial market turmoil. For the Federal Reserve, the crisis has given new meaning to the adage that extraordinary times call for extraordinary measures. The central bank has dusted off Depression-era powers and rewritten old rules to address serious risks to the global financial system.
Labour Unionism in the Financial Services Sector: Fighting for Rights and Representation

Preface Labour unionism in the financial services sector: struggling for rights and representation Historical genesis and development of labour unionism and staff associations Development of labour union presence and organisation, 1970-1989 Weathering storms: stimuli, opportunities and challenges, 1990-1999 Blown asunder: dissolution, disorganisation and dislocation of collective organisation, 2000-2007 Putting historical processes into perspective and prospects for the future References Index.
Combined inversion: preconditioning with regularization

Iterative inversion schemes are becoming more common in seismic processing. The high cost of the operators generally used in these inversion schemes makes it very important to minimize the number of iterations needed to obtain a good model. In complex environments, inversion schemes can be improved by styling the model through regularization or preconditioning. At early iterations, regularization provides a result that has a frequency content comparable to that of the “ideal” model. Preconditioning defines a solution at every model point at earlier iterations than regularization. An “improved” model should combine these two characteristics. This paper examines a scheme that uses the result of preconditioned inversion as an initial model for regularized inversion. I show that this scheme allows us to obtain an improved model in fewer iterations than would be needed for preconditioned inversion or regularized inversion alone.
Impact of the switching frequency on the DC-side admittance in three-phase converter systems

Three-phase converter systems can be prone to negative impedance instability of the DC-bus. This paper studies the dynamic interactions between the DC- and AC-sides of a current-controlled three-phase system in order to reveal possible risks of instability. The system is modelled by using a small-signal method from a viewpoint of the DC-side. Time delays due to pre-calculation and discretization are considered. The stability analyses are performed for the small-signal model. The results of the stability analyses are compared with time-domain simulations. Comparisons demonstrate good agreement. In addition, a stabilizing controller is developed for the example system. According to simulations, the proposed controller can stabilize the system.
OHSU @ MediaEval 2015: Adapting Textual Techniques to Multimedia Search

In this paper, we present the motivation, process, results and analysis of results that we have worked on as part of our participation in the 2015 MediaEval Retrieving Diverse Social Images Task. This year, we adapted a recently-published technique for result diversication (\Relational Learning-toRank" [13]), borrowed from the world of standard document retrieval. As compared to the original work, our version makes certain changes to the ranking and comparison algorithm, and explores a variety of feature combinations specic to an image retrieval context. The key idea behind our technique was a greedy iterative approach to ranking search results, which attempted to balance relevance with redundancy by comparing candidate results to those already selected by the algorithm. Our approach worked tolerably well on many queries, but there is clearly room for improvement.
Ecological Perspectives on Microbes Involved in N-Cycling

Nitrogen (N) cycles have been directly linked to the functional stability of ecosystems because N is an essential element for life. Furthermore, the supply of N to organisms regulates primary productivity in many natural ecosystems. Microbial communities have been shown to significantly contribute to N cycles because many N-cycling processes are microbially mediated. Only particular groups of microbes were implicated in N-cycling processes, such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification, until a few decades ago. However, recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies and sophisticated isolation techniques have enabled microbiologists to discover that N-cycling microbes are unexpectedly diverse in their functions and phylogenies. Therefore, elucidating the link between biogeochemical N-cycling processes and microbial community dynamics can provide a more mechanistic understanding of N cycles than the direct observation of N dynamics. In this review, we summarized recent findings that characterized the microbes governing novel N-cycling processes. We also discussed the ecological role of N-cycling microbial community dynamics, which is essential for advancing our understanding of the functional stability of ecosystems.