Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Search content via Cloud Storage System

With cloud computing growing in IT Enterprise. the importance of storing and searching files on the cloud increase . cloud storage is defined as a set of scalable data servers or chunk servers that provide computing and storage services to clients. Our research concern with searching in the file content throw cloud storage system Our research using ontology approach that can be store and retrieve files in the cloud based on its content to resolves the weaknesses that existed in Google File System that depends on metadata and searching only using file name Our new architecture was tested on Cloud Storage Simulator and the result shows that the new architecture has better scalability, fault tolerance and performance for searching for file content in cloud storage system.
Direct W‐like geniculate projections to the cytochrome oxidase (CO) blobs in primate visual cortex: Axon morphology

The primate lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is composed of large, medium, and small cells located, respectively, in magnocellular (M), parvocellular (P), and specialized layers (intercalated and S‐layers in simians, koniocellular (K) layers in prosimians). Several studies have examined the physiology and connections of M and P LGN cells and have concluded that they provide separate contributions to visual perception via separate pathways. Less is known about the structure and contributions of the small LGN cells. This study examined the distribution and structure of K LGN cell axons in the cortex of the prosimian, Galago crassicaudatus. Wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase, or Phaseonlus vulgaris leucoagglutinin, was injected into the LGN K layers to demonstrate the overall axon projection pattern and the details of individual axons, respectively. Location of axons within striate cortex was specified relative to boundaries determined by Nissl or cytochrome oxidase (CO) stains on the same or adjacent sections.
Genomic islands of speciation or genomic islands and speciation?

Populations of the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, are comprised of at least two reproductively isolated, sympatric populations. In this issue, White et al. (2010) use extensive sampling, high‐density tiling microarrays, and an updated reference genome to clarify and expand our knowledge of genomic differentiation between these populations. It is now clear that DNA near the centromeres of all three chromosomes are in near‐perfect disequilibrium with each other. This is in stark contrast to the remaining 97% of the assembled genome, where fixed differences between populations have not been found, and many polymorphisms are shared. This pattern, coupled with direct evidence of hybridization in nature, supports models of “mosaic” speciation, where ongoing hybridization homogenizes variation in most of the genome while loci under strong selection remain in disequilibrium with each other. However, unambiguously demonstrating that selection maintains the association of these pericentric “speciation islands” in the face of gene flow is difficult. Low recombination at all three loci complicates the issue, and increases the probability that selection unrelated to the speciation process alters patterns of variation in these loci. Here, we discuss these different scenarios in light of this new data.
Blockade of RyRs in the ER Attenuates 6-OHDA-Induced Calcium Overload, Cellular Hypo-Excitability and Apoptosis in Dopaminergic Neurons

Calcium (Ca2+) dyshomeostasis induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an important molecular mechanism of selective dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs), which are located on the ER surface, are the main endogenous Ca2+ release channels and play crucial roles in regulating Ca2+ homeostasis. However, the roles of these endogenous Ca2+ release channels in PD and their effects on the function and survival of DA neurons remain unknown. In this study, using a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced in vitro PD model (SN4741 Cell line), we found that 6-OHDA significantly increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i), which was attenuated by pretreatment with 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA; an ER stress inhibitor) or ryanodine (a RyRs blocker). In addition, in acute midbrain slices of male Sprague-Dawley rats, we found that 6-OHDA reduced the spike number and rheobase of DA neurons, which were also reversed by pretreatment with 4-PBA and ryanodine. TUNEL staining and MTT assays also showed that 4-PBA and ryanodine obviously alleviated 6-OHDA-induced cell apoptosis and devitalization. Interestingly, a IP3Rs blocker had little effect on the above 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in DA neurons. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence of the different roles of IP3Rs and RyRs in the regulation of endogenous Ca2+ homeostasis, neuronal excitability, and viability in DA neurons, and suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for PD by inhibiting the RyRs Ca2+ channels in the ER.
Short-time Fourier analysis-a novel window design procedure

Weyl-Heisenberg frames are the tool for short-time Fourier analysis. These are generated from a prototype window function using translation on a rectangular grid in the time-frequency plane. Particularly appealing Weyl-Heisenberg frames are those which are tight as they allow for signal representations analogous to orthonormal expansions and have good numerical stability properties. Designing the window of a tight Weyl-Heisenberg frame requires optimization of the frequency characteristics of the window, usually some form of frequency selectivity, under a set of nonlinear constraints. For long windows this can be a formidable task, if not infeasible. We propose a new filter design method based on expansions with respect to prolate spheroidal sequences. The advantages of this new method are more and more pronounced as the redundancy of the frame increases. These advantages pertain to a reduction in computational complexity and the ability to describe good and long windows with a few parameters.
Global Nonradial Instabilities of Dynamically Collapsing Gas Spheres

Self-similar solutions provide good descriptions for the gravitational collapse of spherical clouds or stars when the gas obeys a polytropic equation of state, p = Kργ (with γ ≤ 4/3, and γ = 1 corresponds to isothermal gas). We study the behaviors of nonradial (nonspherical) perturbations in the similarity solutions of Larson, Penston, and Yahil, which describe the evolution of the collapsing cloud prior to core formation. Our global stability analysis reveals the existence of unstable bar modes (l = 2) when γ ≤ 1.09. In particular, for the collapse of isothermal spheres, which applies to the early stages of star formation, the l = 2 density perturbation relative to the background, δρ(,t)/ρ(r,t), increases as (t0 - t)-0.352 ∝ ρc(t)0.176, where t0 denotes the epoch of core formation, and ρc(t) is the cloud central density. Thus, the isothermal cloud tends to evolve into an ellipsoidal shape (prolate bar or oblate disk, depending on initial conditions) as the collapse proceeds. This shape deformation may facilitate fragmentation of the cloud. In the context of Type II supernovae, core collapse is described by the γ ≃ 1.3 equation of state, and our analysis indicates that there is no growing mode (with density perturbation) in the collapsing core before the protoneutron star forms, although nonradial perturbations can grow during the subsequent accretion of the outer core and envelope onto the neutron star. We also carry out a global stability analysis for the self-similar expansion-wave solution found by Shu, which describes the postcollapse accretion ("inside-out" collapse) of isothermal gas onto a protostar. We show that this solution is unstable to perturbations of all l's, although the growth rates are unknown.
Stability of Zinc Finger Nuclease Protein Is Enhanced by the Proteasome Inhibitor MG132

Background Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) are powerful tools for gene therapy and genetic engineering. The characterization of ZFN protein stability and the development of simple methods to improve ZFN function would facilitate the application of this promising technology. However, the factors that affect ZFN protein stability and function are not yet clear. Here, we determined the stability and half-life of two ZFN proteins and examined the effect of MG132 (carbobenzoxyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-leucinal-Hl), a proteasome inhibitor, on ZFN-mediated gene modifications. Methodology/Principal Findings ZFN proteins were expressed in 293T cells after transfection of ZFN-encoding plasmids. We studied two ZFN pairs: Z-224, which targets the CCR5 gene, and K-230, which targets a region 230 kbp upstream of CCR5. Western blotting after treatment with cycloheximide showed that the half-life of these ZFN proteins was around two hours. An immunoprecipitation assay revealed that the ZFN interacts with ubiquitin molecules and undergoes polyubiquitination in vivo. Western blotting showed that the addition of MG132, a proteasomal inhibitor, increased ZFN protein levels. Finally, a surrogate reporter assay and a T7E1 assay revealed that MG132 treatment enhanced ZFN-directed gene editing. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate ZFN protein stability and to show that a small molecule can increase ZFN activity. Our protein stability study should lay the foundation for further improvement of ZFN technology; as a first step, the use of the small molecule MG132 can enhance the efficiency of ZFN-mediated gene editing.
0.7-V bulk-driven three-stage class-AB OTA

A high-performance architecture for bulk-driven operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) is presented. The solution exploits a three-gain-stage topology and, as a distinctive behavior, provides an inherent class-AB performance with simple and robust standby current control. A 0.7-V supply OTA is designed using a 180-nm standard CMOS technology. Post layout simulations show a 61-dB open loop gain and a unity gain bandwidth of 3.6 MHz, under a capacitive load of 20 pF. Significant performance improvement when compared to prior art is achieved, so that the best figure of merit is found.
Serum FSH and LH in constant light-induced persistent estrus: short-term and long-term studies.

Serum FSH and LH concentrations were determined in normal adult female rats which were made persistent-estrous by exposure to constant illumination for periods of 2-200 days. The earliest discernible effect was a decreased incidence of the normal, late afternoon proestrous LH “surge,” even during the first vaginal smear cycle following exposure to constant illumination. In the 4th to 6th vaginal cycles following exposure, only 1 of 19 animals exhibited the late afternoon proestrous LH “surge. ” Contrary to a report of others (8) which indicated that serum LH concentrations in persistent- estrous rats were as high as those of castrates, mean serum LH levels in persistentestrous rats never exceeded 200 ng NIAMD-Rat LH-RP-1/ml. These values are only slightly higher than those of the estrous stage of a normal estrous cycle, and markedly lower than those of ovariectomized animals. Mean serum FSH levels in persistent estrous rats were as high as 200 ng NIAMD-Rat FSH-RP-1/ml, values slightly elevated above those .
The J-domain protein Rme-8 interacts with Hsc70 to control clathrin-dependent endocytosis in Drosophila

By screening for mutants exhibiting interactions with a dominant-negative dynamin, we have identified the Drosophila homologue of receptor-mediated endocytosis (Rme) 8, a J-domain–containing protein previously shown to be required for endocytosis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Analysis of Drosophila Rme-8 mutants showed that internalization of Bride of sevenless and the uptake of tracers were blocked. In addition, endosomal organization and the distribution of clathrin were greatly disrupted in Rme-8 cells, suggesting that Rme-8 participates in a clathrin-dependent process. The phenotypes of Rme-8 mutants bear a strong resemblance to those of Hsc70-4, suggesting that these two genes act in a common pathway. Indeed, biochemical and genetic data demonstrated that Rme-8 interacts specifically with Hsc70-4 via its J-domain. Thus, Rme-8 appears to function as an unexpected but critical cochaperone with Hsc70 in endocytosis. Because Hsc70 is known to act in clathrin uncoating along with auxilin, another J-protein, its interaction with Rme-8 indicates that Hsc70 can act with multiple cofactors, possibly explaining its pleiotropic effects on the endocytic pathway.
Boundary Spanning Role of the IS Development Team in Consultant-Partnered Projects: Knowledge Management Perspective

This research examines the effect an Information Systems IS development team has on end-users' perceptions of system quality and system benefits by transferring relevant knowledge through inter-and intra-firm boundaries. The research context is the prevalent partnership in which an external consultant with relevant expertise leads a client team to undertake an IS project. A high-level research model that depicts dynamics among team competence for knowledge transfer, consultant partnership with the project team, knowledge transfer through inter-and intra-firm boundaries, and project success is proposed grounded on the theory of boundary spanning. Key indicators of team competence and consultant partnership are derived from existing studies. With expected multiplicity in the conceptual dimensions of team competence and consultant partnership, they are designated as second-order constructs with first-order manifest variables. User perceptions of the post-implementation quality and benefits of an information system serve as project success variables. Relevant hypotheses propose dynamics among the studied constructs. Survey data are gathered from both system developers and end-users, and the integrity of the research model and corresponding hypotheses are empirically tested with structural equation modeling. Data analysis confirmed the importance of knowledge transfer for the post-implementation success of an IS project.
SHAHED: A MapReduce-based system for querying and visualizing spatio-temporal satellite data

Remote sensing data collected by satellites are now made publicly available by several space agencies. This data is very useful for scientists pursuing research in several applications including climate change, desertification, and land use change. The benefit of this data comes from its richness as it provides an archived history for over 15 years of satellite observations for natural phenomena such as temperature and vegetation. Unfortunately, the use of such data is very limited due to the huge size of archives (> 500TB) and the limited capabilities of traditional applications. This paper introduces SHAHED; a MapReduce-based system for querying, visualizing, and mining large scale satellite data. SHAHED considers both the spatial and temporal aspects of the data to provide efficient query processing at large scale. The core of SHAHED is composed of four main components. The uncertainty component recovers missing data in the input which comes from cloud coverage and satellite mis-alignment. The indexing component provides a novel multi-resolution quad-tree-based spatio-temporal index structure, which indexes satellite data efficiently with minimal space overhead. The querying component answers selection and aggregate queries in real-time using the constructed index. Finally, the visualization component uses MapReduce programs to generate heat map images and videos for user queries. A set of experiments running on a live system deployed on a cluster of machines show the efficiency of the proposed design. All the features supported by SHAHED are made accessible through an easy to use Web interface that hides the complexity of the system and provides a nice user experience.
Long-term remissions after FCR chemoimmunotherapy in previously untreated patients with CLL: updated results of the CLL8 trial.

Despite promising results with targeted drugs, chemoimmunotherapy with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide (FC), and rituximab (R) remains the standard therapy for fit patients with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Herein, we present the long-term follow-up of the randomized CLL8 trial reporting safety and efficacy of FC and FCR treatment of 817 treatment-naïve patients with CLL. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). With a median follow-up of 5.9 years, median PFS were 56.8 and 32.9 months for the FCR and FC group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50-0.69, P < .001). Median overall survival (OS) was not reached for the FCR group and was 86.0 months for the FC group (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54-0.89, P = .001). In patients with mutated IGHV (IGHV MUT), FCR improved PFS and OS compared with FC (PFS: HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.33-0.68, P < .001; OS: HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.34-1.11, P = .1). This improvement remained applicable for all cytogenetic subgroups other than del(17p). Long-term safety analyses showed that FCR had a higher rate of prolonged neutropenia during the first year after treatment (16.6% vs 8.8%; P = .007). Secondary malignancies including Richter's transformation occurred in 13.1% in the FCR group and in 17.4% in the FC group (P = .1). First-line chemoimmunotherapy with FCR induces long-term remissions and highly relevant improvement in OS in specific genetic subgroups of fit patients with CLL, in particular those with IGHV MUT. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as #NCT00281918.
Response dynamics: A new window on the decision process

The history of judgment and decision making is defined by a trend toward increasingly nuanced explanations of the decision making process. Recently, process models have become incredibly sophisticated, yet the tools available to directly test these models have not kept pace. These increasingly complex process models require increasingly complex process data by which they can be adequately tested. We propose a new class of data collection that will facilitate evaluation of sophisticated process models. Tracking mouse paths during a continuous response provides an implicit measure of the growth of preference that produces a choice—rather than the current practice of recording just the button press that indicates that choice itself. Recent research in cognitive science (Spivey & Dale, 2006) has shown that cognitive processing can be revealed in these dynamic motor responses. Unlike current process methodologies, these response dynamics studies can demonstrate continuous competition between choice options and even online preference reversals. Here, in order to demonstrate the mechanics and utility of the methodology, we present an example response dynamics experiment utilizing a common multi-alternative decision task.
3-D Image Denoising by Local Smoothing and Nonparametric Regression

Three-dimensional (3-D) images are becoming increasingly popular in image applications, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), and other image applications. Observed 3-D images often contain noise that should be removed beforehand for improving the reliability of subsequent image analyses. In the literature, most existing image denoising methods are for 2-D images. Their direct extensions to 3-D cases generally cannot handle 3-D images efficiently, because the structure of 3-D images is often substantially more complicated than that of 2-D images. For instance, edge locations are surfaces in 3-D cases, which are much more challenging to handle, compared to edge curves in 2-D cases. In this article, we propose a novel 3-D image denoising procedure, based on nonparametric estimation of a 3-D jump surface from noisy data. One important feature of this method is its ability to preserve edges and major edge structures, such as intersections of two edge surfaces, pyramids, pointed corners, and so forth. Both theoretical arguments and numerical studies show that it works well in various applications. Software and proofs are available online as supplemental material.
A study of the relationship between support vector machine and Gabriel graph

One of the major tasks in the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is to locate the discriminant boundary in classification task. It is crucial to understand various approaches to this particular task. In this paper, we survey several different methods of finding the boundary from different disciplines. In particular, we examine SVM from the statistical learning theory, the convex hull problem from the computational geometry's point of view, and Gabriel's graph from the computational geometry perspective to describe their theoretical connections and practical implementation implications. Moreover, we implement these methods and demonstrate their respective results on the classification accuracy and run time complexity. Finally, we conclude with some discussions about these three different techniques.
Minimal model of a class-B laser with delayed feedback: Cascading branching of periodic solutions and period-doubling bifurcation.

A minimal model for a laser with delayed feedback is analyzed. The model is motivated by two independent studies of a laser controlled by a fully optical feedback [Otsuka and Chern, Opt. Lett. 16, 1759 (1991)] and a laser with an optoelectronic feedback [Loiko and Samson, Opt. Commun. 93, 66 (1992)]. By reformulating the original laser equations in terms of dimensionless quantities, we obtain a simpler problem which is valid for both lasers. We then investigate the limit of small-amplitude feedback and small damping and determine a bifurcation equation for all periodic solutions. We analyze this condition in terms of increasing values of the delay time and show that each branch of solutions emerges from the basic state and becomes isolated as the delay time is progressively increased. The overlap of bifurcating and isolated branches of solutions explains the coexistence of nearly harmonic and pulsating solutions. Pulsating solutions may change stability through period-doubling bifurcation. We determine a simple approximation for this bifurcation point and study its validity numerically. © 1994 The American Physical Society.
The Role of Glucosamine-Induced ER Stress in Diabetic Atherogenesis

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus. However the molecular and cellular mechanisms that predispose individuals with diabetes to the development and progression of atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of most CVD, are not understood. This paper summarizes the current state of our knowledge of pathways and mechanisms that may link diabetes and hyperglycemia to atherogenesis. We highlight recent work from our lab, and others', that supports a role for ER stress in these processes. The continued investigation of existing pathways, linking hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus to atherosclerosis, and the identification of novel mechanisms and targets will be important to the development of new and effective antiatherosclerotic therapies tailored to individuals with diabetes.