Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cost-Aware Method of Privacy Protection for Multiple Cloud Service Requests

In cloud computing environment, service requests usually carry some sensitive information that will be treated as privacy and cloud service request privacy leakage problem has become a hotspot of cloud security research. Existing studies assumed that potential attackers only collected and dealt with the relevant information of single service request sequence, they did not distinguish the emphasis degree of users for these information. When applying directly to the scenes of multiple cloud service requests privacy protection, their strategies couldn't meet the needs of protection due to the limitations of their analytical perspective, and their cost would also increase. In this paper, we propose a method of sensitive information relation description and privacy measurement that caters to multiple cloud service requests, and conduct privacy leakage risk assessment under this scenario based on D-S evidence theory, then give the strategy of obfuscation choice and noise generation for multiple cloud service requests, finally build a cost-aware privacy protection framework for them. The simulation and analysis shows that our approach ensures the security of multiple service requests in cloud environment without significantly increasing the system overhead and saves the noise cost.
Reverberation-Ray Matrix Analysis of Acoustic Waves in Multilayered Anisotropic Structures

Natural multilayers can be frequently observed, like the layered soils and rocks for example (Kausel & Roesset, 1981; Kennett, 1983). They are also increasingly used as artificial materials and structures in engineering practices for their high performances (Nayfeh, 1995). For instances, cross-ply and fibrous laminated composites have been applied in naval vessels, aeronautical and astronautical vehicles, and so on for the sake of high strength and light weight (Nayfeh, 1995); piezoelectric thin film systems have been used in various surface acoustic wave (SAW) and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) devices in electronics and information technology in order to accomplish smaller size, lower energy consumption, higher operating frequency and sensitivity, greater bandwidth, and enhanced reception characteristics (Auld, 1990; Adler, 2000). Consequently, as a widespread category of inhomogeneous materials and structures, multilayered structures deserve special concern about their mechanical and acoustical behavior, especially the dynamic behavior since it is what these structures differ most markedly from the homogeneous materials and structures. Investigation of acoustic wave propagation in multilayered structures plays an essential role in understanding their dynamic behavior, which is the main concern in design, optimization, characterization and nondestructive evaluation of multilayered composites (Lowe, 1995; Chimenti, 1997; Rose, 1999) and acoustic wave devices (Auld, 1990; Rose, 1999; Adler, 2000). Nevertheless, the top and bottom surfaces and the interfaces in a multilayered structure cause reflection and/or transmission of elastic waves, giving rise to coupling of various fundamental wave modes in adjacent layers. In multilayered structures consisting of anisotropic media, even the fundamental wave modes themselves are mutually coupled in each layer (Achenbach, 1973). As a result, the analysis of acoustic waves in multilayered structures always remains an extraordinary complex problem, and it is very difficult to obtain a simple and yet numerically well-performed, closed-form analytical solution for a general multilayered structure. For the above reasons, various matrix formulations have been developed for the analysis of acoustic wave propagation in multilayered media from diverse domains (Ewing et al., 1957; Brekhovskikh, 1980; Kennett, 1983; Lowe, 1995; Nayfeh, 1995; Rose, 1999), since the beginning of this research subject in the midst of last century. Most of these matrix methods
Mining open source web repositories to measure the cost of evolutionary reuse

This paper proposes evolutionary reuse as a metric to measure the effect of maintenance and replacement decisions made by open source developers and relate them to cost efficiency. Evolutionary reuse is defined as the similarity of code between two versions of the same application. Maintenance can be seen as the creation of a new version of an application with an high degree of evolutionary reuse. Conversely, replacement takes places when a significant part of code is re-implemented from scratch and evolutionary reuse is low. The paper proposes an empirical model to measure evolutionary reuse and development costs by mining open-source software repository. 26 projects for a total of 171 application versions were analyzed. Results show that maintenance choices in an open-source context are not always cost efficient. Developers tend to maximize the reuse of code from the most recent versions of applications, even if their requirements are far from current needs. Consequently, the development costs per new line of code are found to grow with evolutionary reuse.
High availability of commercial applications

The increased performance capabilities of UNIX server systems have led to their acceptance as the server of choice for medium-sized and large organizations. But performance is just one facet. Another facet is the end user perception of the availability of an information system.Traditional mainframe based IS shops have a long experience in supplying computing services to their commercial end users. The ultimate goal of the end user is to have no downtimes for his work at his PC or workstation terminal. Key issues related to system availability in client/server based information systems remain the same as in the mainframe based world, e.g. system responsiveness, maximum downtime per year and maximum number of system outages per year. But there are also new aspects, which have been introduced into the discussion.In a multi-tiered client/server based information system the OLTP workload is distributed on different servers. Hence one can ask: Why should a failure of one server automatically imply downtime for the whole system ? Can't most of the system continue to operate ? Redistribution of the workload on the remaining active servers can be used to attack this problem. Workload balancing can be applied for replicated system services. Other techniques have to be applied for non-replicated system services.This paper considers client/server based applications running in a local or wide area network of computers in a distributed system.
IPTV-P2P Clients at Home

The investigation around the use of peer-to-peer in IPTV environments goes on. The debate about the best compromise between the cost reduction offered by the peer-to-peer (P2P) approach and the quality requirements by the mass market is still open. Though some successful protocols are already worldwide used, there are still issues and optimization problems to solve. The main contribution of this work has been the deployment on PlanetLab (Plab) of a large testbed in order to investigate the performance of [P2P client streaming player] systems in static and dynamic overlays: the goal was to recreate a real IPTV-like heterogeneous scenario with home users enjoying the same stream and cooperating via P2P. IPTV needs bandwidth and computational resources that single peers often struggle to provide. We chose the SopCast client for our experiments, mainly because of its popularity and its flexibility. Although SopCast analysis was not our main research purpose, we are able to point out some of its characteristics by observing its behavior in large and dynamic overlay, with different churn patterns (i.e. zapping channel behaviors).
Responses to a social robot by elderly users

Summary form only given. The possibilities of using robots in eldercare have inspired a growing number of research projects. Not only can robotic technologies be used for rehabilitation, also they could facilitate the work of caregivers and provide social company for elders. In our project we are interested in the acceptance of robotic technology by elders and particularly in the influence of a robots social abilities on acceptance. Several studies on interaction with robots stress the importance of social intelligence and even more so in a health- and eldercare environment. It shows a more social intelligent robot will be more effective in its communication and it can therefore be expected to be easier and more pleasant to interact with and therefore would be indeed accepted easier.
Hot-wiring clathrin-mediated endocytosis in human cells

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the major route of receptor internalization at the plasma membrane. Analysis of constitutive CME is complicated by the fact that initiation of endocytic events is unpredictable. When and where a clathrin-coated pit will form and what cargo it will contain are difficult to foresee. Here we describe a series of genetically encoded reporters that allow the initiation of CME on demand. This is achieved by inducibly tethering a clathrin “hook” to a plasma membrane “anchor”. Our design incorporates temporal and spatial control of initiation using chemical and optical tools, and the cargo is defined. Since this system bypasses multiple steps in vesicle creation, we term it “hot-wiring”. In this paper, we use hot-wired endocytosis to define the functional interactions between clathrin and the β2 subunit of the AP2 complex. However, there are numerous applications for this new technology, which we hope will be broadly useful to the field.
Capacity limits of base station cooperation in cellular networks

In the information-theoretic literature, it has been widely shown that multicell processing is able to provide high capacity gains in the context of cellular systems. What is more, it has been proved that the per-cell sum-rate capacity of multicell processing systems grows linearly with the number of base station (BS) receive antennas. However, the majority of results in this area have been produced assuming that the fading coefficients of the MIMO subchannels are completely uncorrelated. In this direction, this chapter investigates the ergodic per-cell sum-rate capacity of the Gaussian MIMO cellular channel under correlated fading and BS cooperation (multicell processing). More specifically, the current channel model considers Rayleigh fading, uniformly distributed user terminals (UTs) over a planar cellular system, and power-law path loss. Furthermore, both BSs and UTs are equipped with correlated multiple antennas, which are modelled according to the Kronecker product correlation model. The per-cell sum-rate capacity is evaluated while varying the cell density of the system, as well as the level of receive and transmit correlation. In this context, it is shown that the capacity performance is compromised by correlation at the BS-side, whereas correlation at the UT-side has a negligible effect on the system’s capacity.
MicroSIA: A Gut-Microbes Information-Extraction Method with Semantic Inverse Analysis for Discovering Unique Bacteria-Combinations in Nationality

Extraction of gut-microbes information is important for analyzing the effects on human gut microbiome from the difference of human attributes such as nationality, gender, age and so on. It is pointed out that human gut microbiome, a set of bacteria, has various pathological and biological impacts on a hosting human body system. However, analyzing and estimating such kinds of impact from biological data resources are difficult even for data analysts with biological background. This paper presents MicroSIA, a new analytical method for human gut microbiome's effect by extracting the unknown relations with other adjunct metadata such as human attributes with Semantic Inverse Analysis. The most important feature of our method is the inverse processes (Semantic Inverse Analysis, computing the selection of axes in inversed direction to clustering) to discover potentially existing bacteria-combinations for classifying nationalities in human attribute data. MicroSIA extracts unique bacteria-combination selected from all bacteria-combinations by our original criteria such as the purity of a data cluster and the range of target human attributes. This paper also presents experimental studies on gut-microbes information acquisition to show the feasibility and the effectiveness of our method.
EGF-induced ERK phosphorylation independent of PKC isozymes in human corneal epithelial cells.

PURPOSE To investigate the role of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes in epithelial growth factor (EGF)-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and cell proliferation in cultured human corneal epithelial cells. METHODS Simian virus (SV)40 stably transfected human corneal epithelial (THCE) cells were cultured in keratinocyte growth medium. PKC isozymes and phosphorylation of ERK in THCE cells were assessed by Western blot analysis. Translocation of the PKC isozyme was determined by subcellular fractionation followed by Western blot analysis. Cell proliferation was measured by incorporation of [(3)H]-thymidine into DNA. RESULTS Six PKC isozymes-PKC-alpha, -betaI, -betaII, -delta, - epsilon, and - micro -were found in THCE cells. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) caused PKC-alpha, -betaI, and - epsilon, initially present in the cytoplasm, to be translocated to the membrane and nuclear subcellular fractions and PKC-delta to be depleted from the cytoskeleton. The PKC inhibitor GF109203X inhibited PMA-induced, but not basal or EGF-induced, phosphorylation of ERK, whereas the EGF receptor inhibitor tyrphostin AG1478 blocked basal and EGF-, but not PMA-, induced phosphorylation of ERK. Depletion of PMA-sensitive PKC isozymes including PKC-alpha, -betaI, -betaII, -delta, and - epsilon, inhibited PMA-, but not EGF-, induced phosphorylation of ERK. Depletion of these PKC isozymes blocked PMA-, but not EGF-, induced cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Although activation of PKC by PMA results in activation of ERK, EGF-induced phosphorylation of ERK and/or cell proliferation is independent of the conventional and novel isozymes PKC-alpha, -betaI, -betaII, -delta, and - epsilon in human corneal epithelial cells.
The synthesis and characterization of model interface couples for inorganic matrix composite applications

The fracture toughness of fiber reinforced composites may be optimized without unwarranted loss of transverse strength through control of the interface strength between reinforcing material and matrix. These design considerations, including limits on the permissible interface strengths, have been delineated by others. This present work examines the effect of carbon interlayers on the tensile strength of flat interface couples representing the interface between fiber and its coating. Polished single crystal sapphire wafers, 1.0 inch in diameter and 0.5 mm thick, were substituted for the fiber; relatively thick, 2gm, SiC coatings are substituted for the thin coatings used in composite materials; and 2000A carbon interlayers, being the weakest material present, act as mechanical fuses to control the overall strength of the entire system. As the SiC coatings had to be relatively thick, homogenous, and nearly stress-free, a study of the deposition of SiC by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) was conducted. Coatings with a nearly zero residual stress were deposited at 2750 C, 50gm pressure and 30 watts applied power with the lower electrode self-biased at +3 volts. Uniform deposition was insured through the use of hydrogen as a dilution gas. The carbon interlayers processed by PECVD at 4000 C deposited on sapphire were found by high resolution TEM to be amorphous or microcystalline carbon depending on the applied rf power. Carbon deposited on microcrystalline SiC by low pressure CVD between 1100 and 15000C was determined by x-ray diffraction to be highly oriented in structure with the degree of preferred orientation increasing from a Bacon Anisotropy Factor of 4.5 for material deposited on SiC at 1 100°C to 6.8 for material deposited at 15000C. Strength of the SiC/C/Sapphire couples was determined through a technique called laser spallation whereby a laser is pulsed onto a thin absorbing layer on the reverse side of the substrate; the laser impact creates a shock wave which propagates through the substrate, gets reflected from the front surface where it is converted into a tension wave, and, if of sufficient intensity, causes delamination of the film. This phenomena itself is investigated using a high speed digitizer to examine shock wave propagation through piezo-electric quartz and is also modeled with finite element techniques. The tensile strength of the sapphire/SiC interface was found to be 14.7 MPa for LPCVD SiC and 10.0 MPa for PECVD SiC. Couples with amorphous carbon interlayers had a strength of 2.0 MPa. The strength of interface couples with highly oriented carbon interlayers scaled with the carbon processing temperature. Thesis Supervisor: Professor Ali S. Argon rTitle: Quentin Berg Professor of Mechanical Engineering rThesis Supervisor: Doctor James A. Cornie rTitle: Principal Research Associate
Nod1 Detects a Unique Muropeptide from Gram-Negative Bacterial Peptidoglycan

Although the role of Toll-like receptors in extracellular bacterial sensing has been investigated intensively, intracellular detection of bacteria through Nod molecules remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that human Nod1 specifically detects a unique diaminopimelate-containing N-acetylglucosamine–N-acetylmuramic acid (GlcNAc-MurNAc) tripeptide motif found in Gram-negative bacterial peptidoglycan, resulting in activation of the transcription factor NF-κB pathway. Moreover, we show that in epithelial cells (which represent the first line of defense against invasive pathogens), Nod1is indispensable for intracellular Gram-negative bacterial sensing.
The effect of moisture and loading rate on the interfacial fracture properties of sandwich structures

The skin-core interfacial fracture properties of a number of dry and moisture-conditioned sandwich structures have been investigated over a range of crosshead displacement rates using the three point bend sandwich (TPBS) structure. It has been shown that the interfacial fracture toughness, G C , of a crosslinked PVC system decreases rapidly with loading rate, whereas the toughness of a linear PVC remains roughly constant. In contrast, the interfacial fracture toughness of the balsa core material increased steadily with increasing crosshead displacement rate, an effect that was attributed to the rate dependent properties of the glass fibers in the wake of the primary crack. Prolonged seawater exposure in an aluminum honeycomb structure was found to attack the bond between the epoxy matrix and the aluminum core, facilitating crack advance along the skin-core interface. Finally, it is concluded that great care should be exercised before selecting sandwich structures for hostile marine environments.
Photodetectors: Inorganic UV-Visible-SWIR Broadband Photodetector Based on Monodisperse PbS Nanocrystals (Small 10/2016).

Synthesis of highly mono-dispersed large PbS nanocrystals (NCs) with low particle size dispersion is demonstrated by F. So and co-workers on page 1328, by controlling the sulfur concentration below the nucleation threshold during multiple injections of the sulfur precursor. These NCs are used to fabricate multi-spectral photodetectors and high detectivity values in the UV-Visible-SWIR (short-wave-IR) wavelength range from 350 nm to 2000 nm are demonstrated.
Unsolved Problems in Visibility Graph Theory

The visibility graph is a fundamental structure studied in the field of computational geometry, and pose some special challenges [12, 26]. Apart from theoretical interests, visibility graphs has important applications also. Some of the early applications include computing Euclidean shortest paths in the presence of obstacles [36] and decomposing two-dimensional shapes into clusters [40]. For more on the uses of this class of graphs, see [37, 43]. Let P be a simple polygon with or without holes in the plane. We say two points a and b in P are mutually visible if the line segment ab lies entirely within P . This definition allows the segment ab to pass through a reflex vertex or graze along a polygonal edge. The visibility graph (also called the vertex visibility graph) G of P is defined by associating a node with each vertex of P such that (vi, vj) is an undirected edge of G if polygonal vertices vi and vj are mutually visible. Figure 1(b) shows the visibility graph of the polygon in Figure 1(a). Sometimes the visibility graph is drawn directly on the polygon, as shown in Figure 1(c). It can be seen that every triangulation of P corresponds to a subgraph of the visibility graph of P .
Size Optimization of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications via a Novel Size- Selective Fractionation Process

ii Acknowledgements . iii List of Tables . vii List of Figures . viii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 The Current Challenges of Nanomedicine . 1 1.2 Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Properties and Synthesis Methods . 2 1.2. 1 Properties of IO-MNPs . 2 1.2. 2 Synthesis of IO-MNPs . 5 1.3 Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging . 11 1.3. 1 Magnetization and Radiofrequency Pulses . 12 1.3. 2 T1 and T2 Relaxation . 13 1.3. 3 T1-Weighted and T2-Weighted Contrast . 13 1.4 Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Diagnostic Tools for Prostate Cancer . 16 1.4. 1 IO-MNPs as MRI Contrast Agents . 16 1.4. 2 IO-MNPs and Hybrid Imaging Techniques . 19 1.5 Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Therapeutic Tools for Prostate Cancer . 21 1.5. 1 Thermotherapy . 21 1.5. 2 Targeted Drug Delivery . 22
Potential Energy Landscape and Robustness of a Gene Regulatory Network: Toggle Switch

Finding a multidimensional potential landscape is the key for addressing important global issues, such as the robustness of cellular networks. We have uncovered the underlying potential energy landscape of a simple gene regulatory network: a toggle switch. This was realized by explicitly constructing the steady state probability of the gene switch in the protein concentration space in the presence of the intrinsic statistical fluctuations due to the small number of proteins in the cell. We explored the global phase space for the system. We found that the protein synthesis rate and the unbinding rate of proteins to the gene were small relative to the protein degradation rate; the gene switch is monostable with only one stable basin of attraction. When both the protein synthesis rate and the unbinding rate of proteins to the gene are large compared with the protein degradation rate, two global basins of attraction emerge for a toggle switch. These basins correspond to the biologically stable functional states. The potential energy barrier between the two basins determines the time scale of conversion from one to the other. We found as the protein synthesis rate and protein unbinding rate to the gene relative to the protein degradation rate became larger, the potential energy barrier became larger. This also corresponded to systems with less noise or the fluctuations on the protein numbers. It leads to the robustness of the biological basins of the gene switches. The technique used here is general and can be applied to explore the potential energy landscape of the gene networks.