Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Examination of the Relationship Between Executive Function, Memory, and Rehabilitation Status in Schizophrenia

Impairments of executive function and memory are being increasingly reported in neuropsychological studies of schizophrenia. However, the important practical relationship between these cognitive impairments and rehabilitation status has not been examined in detail. In the present study, 40 patients at varying stages in their rehabilitation programmes were assessed for signs, symptoms, executive and memory function, and rehabilitation status. It was predicted that rehabilitation status would be directly related to levels of mnemonic and executive dysfunction. In fact, a crude measure of overall level of cognitive function was found to be the best cognitive correlate of rehabilitation status. Factor analysis of signs and symptoms confirmed a three syndrome solution (psychomotor poverty, reality distortion, and disorganisation). No clear relationship emerged between these factors and degree of executive or memory dysfunction.
Development and Validation of an X‐ray Tomograph for Two‐Phase Flow

Abstract: This paper describes the development and validation of a high spatial resolution X‐ray tomograph designed for the investigation of air‐water two‐phase flow. The device hardware mainly comprises a 60 keV X‐ray source, a detector, and an accurate mechanical bench. Our study concentrated on accurate quantification with emphasis on the reconstruction procedure. As is well known, absorption gradients induce reconstruction artifacts when using standard algorithms based on uniform regularization. In the particular case of two‐phase flow in a pipe, this leads to poor measurement accuracy in the vicinity of the walls. To overcome such effects, improved algorithms were developed during this study that involve spatially adaptive regularization methods. Preliminary calibration performed on static phantoms clearly exhibited the benefits of the advanced reconstruction algorithms. A validation procedure was carried out on an air‐water bubble column, equipped with an optical probe, which could be translated in order to explore the 80 mm × 80 mm square cross section. Comparisons of local void fraction measurements were performed pixel by pixel. They demonstrate the accuracy improvement induced by the advanced reconstruction algorithms.
Optimum Drop Jump Height in Division III Athletes: Under 75% of Vertical Jump Height

Abstract Our purpose was to evaluate the vertical ground reaction force, impulse, moments and powers of hip, knee and ankle joints, contact time, and jump height when performing a drop jump from different drop heights based on the percentage of a performer’s maximum vertical jump height (MVJH). Fifteen male Division III athletes participated voluntarily. Eleven synchronized cameras and two force platforms were used to collect data. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance tests were used to examine the differences between drop heights. The maximum hip, knee and ankle power absorption during 125%MVJH and 150%MVJH were greater than those during 75%MVJH. The impulse during landing at 100%MVJH, 125%MVJH and 150%MVJH were greater than 75%MVJH. The vertical ground reaction force during 150%MVJH was greater than 50%MVJH, 75%MVJH and 100%MVJH. Drop height below 75%MVJH had the most merits for increasing joint power output while having a lower impact force, impulse and joint power absorption. Drop height of 150%MVJH may not be desirable as a high-intensity stimulus due to the much greater impact force, increasing the risk of injury, without increasing jump height performance.
“Slow Mapping” in Children’s Learning of Semantic Relations - eScholarship

To investigate how young children learn categorical semantic relations between words, 4to 7-year-olds were taught four labels for novel categories in an “alien” microworld. After two play sessions, where each label was given, with defining information, at least 20 times, comprehension and production were tested. Results of two experiments show that 6-7-yearolds learned more words and correct semantic relations than 4-5-year-olds. The exclusion relation between contrasting category labels was easy to learn, and some findings suggested that hierarchical words are more easily learned than overlapping ones. Both studies showed no advantage to explicitly telling children semantic relations between words (e.g., “All fegs are wuddles.”). The results qualify a common assumption that preschool children have precocious abilities to infer word meaning; such an ability does not seem to extend to semantic relations between words. Is Word Learning Specialized Induction? There is a pervasive assumption that young children have precocious abilities to infer novel word meanings. The assumption fits evidence that children can learn a closedclass word, or at least its approximate meaning, from only one or a few exposures. First shown by Carey and Bartlett (1978), this fast mapping is replicable (Dollaghan, 1987; Heibeck & Markman, 1987), and it might explain how children learn an average of 5-6 words per day over the few years preceding kindergarten (Anglin, 1993).
A Statistical Test of Phase Closure to Detect Influences on DInSAR Deformation Estimates Besides Displacements and Decorrelation Noise: Two Case Studies in High-Latitude Regions

Displacements of the Earth's surface can be estimated using differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar. The estimates are derived from the phase difference between two radar acquisitions. When at least three such acquisitions are available, one can compute the displacement between the first and the third acquisition and compare it with the sum of the two intermediate displacements. These two are expected to be equal for a piston-like spatially uniform deformation. However, this is not necessarily the case in measured data. Such lack of phase closure can be due to decorrelation noise alone. It has also been attributed to complex scattering processes such as soil moisture changes or multiple scattering sources. However, the nature of these nonrandom effects is only poorly understood in cold regions, as the role of snow and freeze/thaw processes has not been studied to date. To distinguish the noise-like and the systematic effects, an asymptotic Wald significance test is proposed. It detects situations when the observed closure error cannot solely be explained by noise. Such situations with p <; 0.05 are observed at the Ku-band during snow metamorphism and melt and following a summer precipitation event in Sodankylä, Finland. They can also be prevalent (> 25%) in the X-band observations of ice-rich permafrost regions in the Lena Delta, Russia, indicating the presence of processes that can have systematic and deleterious impacts on the estimation of surface movements. Satellite-based monitoring of these displacements is thus possibly subject to complex error sources in high-latitude regions.
Real-world sound recognition : A recipe

This article addresses the problem of recognizing acoustic events present in unconstrained input. We propose a novel approach to the processing of audio data which combines bottom-up hypothesis generation with top-down expectations, which, unlike standard pattern recognition techniques, can ensure that the representation of the input sound is physically realizable. Our approach gradually enriches low-level signal descriptors, based on Continuity Preserving Signal Processing, with more and more abstract interpretations along a hierarchy of descrip- tion levels. This process is guided by top-down knowledge which provides context and ensures an interpretation consistent with the knowledge of the system. This leads to a system that can detect and recognize spe- cific events for which the evidence is present in unconstrained real-world sounds.
On the generation of small dictionaries for fault location

Fault location based on a fault dictionary is considered. To justify the use of a precomputed dictionary in terms of computation time, the computational effort invested in computing a dictionary is first analyzed. The number of circuit diagnoses that need to be performed dynamically, without the use of precomputed knowledge, before the overall effort exceeds the effort of computing a dictionary, is studied. Experimental results on ISCAS-85 circuits show that for relatively small numbers of diagnoses, a precomputed dictionary is more efficient. A method to derive small dictionaries without losing resolution of modeled faults is then proposed. Methods to compact the resulting dictionary further, using compaction techniques generally applied to fault detection, are then described. Experimental results to demonstrate the effectiveness of the methods are presented. Internal observation points to increase the resolution of the test set are also considered. <<ETX>>
3D Vision-based Navigation for Indoor Microflyers

Fully autonomous control of ultra-light indoor airplanes has not yet been achieved because of the strong limitations on the kind of sensors that can be embedded making it difficult to obtain good estimations of altitude. We propose to revisit altitude control by considering it as an obstacle avoidance problem and introduce a novel control scheme where the ground and ceiling is avoided based on translatory optic flow, in a way similar to existing vision-based wall avoidance strategies. We show that this strategy is successful at controlling a simulated microflyer without any explicit altitude estimation and using only simple sensors and processing that have already been embedded in an existing 10-gram microflyer. This result is thus a significant step toward autonomous control of indoor flying robots.
Composition and physical properties of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer and the North American Tropospheric Aerosol Layer

Recent studies revealed layers of enhanced aerosol scattering in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over Asia (Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL)) and North America (North American Tropospheric Aerosol Layer (NATAL)). We use a sectional aerosol model (Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA)) coupled with the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) to explore the composition and optical properties of these aerosol layers. The observed aerosol extinction enhancement is reproduced by CESM1/CARMA. Both model and observations indicate a strong gradient of the sulfur‐to‐carbon ratio from Europe to the Asia on constant pressure surfaces. We found that the ATAL is mostly composed of sulfates, surface‐emitted organics, and secondary organics; the NATAL is mostly composed of sulfates and secondary organics. The model also suggests that emission increases in Asia between 2000 and 2010 led to an increase of aerosol optical depth of the ATAL by 0.002 on average which is consistent with observations.
Cancer stem cell‐like SP cells have a high adhesion ability to the peritoneum in gastric carcinoma

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be responsible for cancer metastasis, but the evidence to conclusively prove this hypothesis remains uncertain. The side population (SP), as evaluated by a flow cytometric analysis using Hoechst 33342, has been known as CSC‐rich population. The aim of this study was to clarify the characterization of the SP cells in peritoneal metastasis of gastric carcinoma. Gastric cancer cell lines OCUM‐2M, OCUM‐2D, and OCUM‐2MD3 (a daughter cell line with high potential for peritoneal metastasis) were used. We isolated SP cells from OCUM‐2M and OCUM‐2D using flow cytometry. Serial sorting was performed three times to enrich SP cells, and they were designated as OCUM‐2M/SP and OCUM‐2D/SP cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed 0.46%, 0.29%, 5.24%, 6.49%, and 11.3% of the SP cells to be found in OCUM‐2M, OCUM‐2D, OCUM‐2MD3, OCUM‐2M/SP, and OCUM‐2D/SP cells, respectively. The intraperitoneal inoculation of SP cells and OCUM‐2MD3 cells produced peritoneal metastasis, but parent cells did not. The adhesion ability of SP and OCUM‐2MD3 cells was significantly high in comparison to that of parent cells. The expression level of adhesion molecules α2‐, α5‐, β3‐, and β5‐integrin, and CD44, was high in SP cells compared to parent cells. The expression of stemness markers, Oct3/4 and Sox2, increased in the SP‐cell‐injected tumors. These findings suggested that CSC‐like SP cells expressing α2‐, α5‐, β3‐, and β5‐integrin, and CD44, may play an important role for peritoneal metastasis in gastric carcinoma. Oct3/4 and Sox2 may be associated with CSC in gastric cancer. (Cancer Sci 2009)
Mechanical and liquid phase exfoliation of cylindrite: a natural van der Waals superlattice with intrinsic magnetic interactions

We report the isolation of thin flakes of cylindrite, a naturally occurring van der Waals superlattice, by means of mechanical and liquid phase exfoliation. We find that this material is a heavily doped p-type semiconductor with a narrow gap (<0.85 eV) with intrinsic magnetic interactions that are preserved even in the exfoliated nanosheets. Due to its environmental stability and high electrical conductivity, cylindrite can be an interesting alternative to the existing 2D magnetic materials.
Secreted Phosphoprotein 24 kD (Spp24) and Spp14 Affect TGF-β Induced Bone Formation Differently

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have opposing but complementary functions in directing bone growth, repair, and turnover. Both are found in the bone matrix. Proteins that bind to and affect the activity of these growth factors will determine the relative abundance of the growth factors and, therefore, regulate bone formation. Secreted phosphoprotein 24 kD (Spp24) is a bone matrix protein that has been demonstrated to bind to and affect the activity of BMPs. The arginine-rich carboxy terminus of Spp24 is proteolytically processed to produce three other predictable truncation products (Spp18.1, Spp16.0, and Spp14.5). In this work, we report that kinetic data obtained by surface plasmon resonance demonstrate that Spp24 and the three C-terminal truncation products all bind to TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 with a similar but somewhat less affinity than they bind BMP-2; that, as in the case of BMP-2, the full-length (FL) form of Spp24 binds TGF-β with greater affinity than do the truncation products; that FL-Spp24 inhibits TGF-β2 induced bone formation in vivo, but Spp14.5 does not; and that co-administration of FL-Spp24 or Spp14.5 with TGF-β2 in vivo is associated with a reduction in the amount of cartilage, relative to new bone, present at the site of injection. This finding is consistent with the observation that low-dose TGF-β administration in vivo is associated with greater bone formation than high-dose TGF-β administration, and suggests that one function of Spp24 and its truncation products is to down-regulate local TGF-β activity or availability during bone growth and development. The similarities and differences of the interactions between Spp24 proteins and TGF-β compared to the interaction of the Spp24 proteins and BMPs have significant implications with respect to the regulation of bone metabolism and with respect to engineering therapeutic proteins for skeletal disorders.
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Mapping Brain Circuits of Reward and Motivation: in the Footsteps of Ann Kelley

Keywords: Eating Pleasure Fear Incentive salience Nucleus accumbens Neostriatum Ventral pallidum Opioid Dopamine Rat a b s t r a c t Ann Kelley was a scientific pioneer in reward neuroscience. Her many notable discoveries included demonstrations of accumbens/striatal circuitry roles in eating behavior and in food reward, explorations of limbic interactions with hypothalamic regulatory circuits, and additional interactions of motivation circuits with learning functions. Ann Kelley's accomplishments inspired other researchers to follow in her footsteps, including our own laboratory group. Here we describe results from several lines of our research that sprang in part from earlier findings by Kelley and colleagues. We describe hedonic hotspots for generating intense pleasure 'liking', separate identities of 'wanting' versus 'liking' systems, a novel role for dorsal neostriatum in generating motivation to eat, a limbic keyboard mechanism in nucleus accumbens for generating intense desire versus intense dread, and dynamic limbic transformations of learned memories into motivation. We describe how origins for each of these themes can be traced to fundamental contributions by Ann Kelley.
Regulation of macroautophagy in amiodarone‐induced pulmonary fibrosis

Amiodarone (AD) is an iodinated benzofuran derivative, especially known for its antiarrhythmic properties. It exerts serious side‐effects even in patients receiving low doses. AD is well‐known to induce apoptosis of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII), a mechanism that has been suggested to play an important role in AD‐induced lung fibrosis. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying this disease are, however, still unclear. Because of its amphiphilic nature, AD becomes enriched in the lysosomal compartments, affecting the general functions of these organelles. Hence, in this study, we aimed to assess the role of autophagy, a lysosome‐dependent homeostasis mechanism, in driving AECII apoptosis in response to AD. In vitro, AD‐treated MLE12 and primary AECII cells showed increased proSP‐C and LC3B positive vacuolar structures and underwent LC3B‐dependent apoptosis. In addition, AD‐induced autophagosome‐lysosome fusion and increased autophagy flux were observed. In vivo, in C57BL/6 mice, LC3B was localised at the limiting membrane of lamellar bodies, which were closely connected to the autophagosomal structures in AECIIs. Our data suggest that AD causes activation of macroautophagy in AECIIs and extensive autophagy‐dependent apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells. Targeting the autophagy pathway may therefore represent an attractive treatment modality in AD‐induced lung fibrosis.
Improving Caching Technique through Innovative Replacement Algorithm of Page for Web Proxy Caching

With an ever growing importance of human activity on internet, World Wide Web is growing rapidly and number of users is increasing day by day to access web page. By this, the results have heavy network traffic and server load etc. To overcome these problems, proxy server caching is one of the solution . Proxy caching speeds up the service requests by retrieving the saved web pages from an earlier request through the same node or even other nodes. Many researcher have done their work in the field of proxy caching. I have proposed an innovative replacement algorithmof page for proxy server caching i.e. called Mark Page Detect Randomly Proxy Caching (MPDRC) algorithm. The MPDRC algorithm increases the hit rate on proxy server cache. With the help of proposed innovative page replacement algorithm, the performance of proxy se rver caching has been improved.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: molecular and cellularmechanisms

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a leading cause of death and disability, but has only recently been extensively explored from a cellular and molecular perspective. There is a chronic inflammation that leads to fixed narrowing of small airways and alveolar wall destruction (emphysema). This is characterised by increased numbers of alveolar macrophages, neutrophils and cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes, and the release of multiple inflammatory mediators (lipids, chemokines, cytokines, growth factors). A high level of oxidative stress may amplify this inflammation. There is also increased elastolysis and evidence for involvement of several elastolytic enzymes, including serine proteases, cathepsins and matrix metalloproteinases. The inflammation and proteolysis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an amplification of the normal inflammatory response to cigarette smoke. This inflammation, in marked contrast to asthma, appears to be resistant to corticosteroids, prompting a search for novel anti-inflammatory therapies that may prevent the relentless progression of the disease.
How Creative are Secondary School Students in Nigeria

This study examined how creative secondary school students are. The research design is a survey of 300 purposively selected Junior and Senior secondary school students from 10 schools in the urban state capital of Makurdi in Benue state, Nigeria. A semi-structured, validated and peer-reviewed 28-item questionnaire built on a modified version of the measuring questionnaire by Torrance was used for data collection. The measurement also included a test for influence of cultural inclinations on creativity. The findings show that many students (29.33%) see creativity as creating ideas to solve problems, and being skillful and imaginative to get something new (27.33%). most (91.0%) claim that they are moderately creative while (51.67%) rated themselves as just creative. Consistently it was found that there was evidence that majority of students (70.33-95.76%) cannot recognise creativity. Within Makurdi urban settlement culture appears not to have much influence on students’ creativity level. Creativity level of students increases as their class level increases but generally the girls were less creative than the boys and science students were consistently, although on a small scale express more creativity than non science students. However, there was no significant mean difference in creativity level among the science, non-science and not sure groups of students; F2, 297 = 0.42, p = 0.66 > 0.05. There was a significant difference in mean creativity level among JS 1, JS 3 and SS 3; F 2, 297 = 3.62, p = 0.03 0.05. Based on the findings and conclusions made, it is recommended that teachers should provide motivating and creatively challenging task for students in class to serve both as source of intrinsic motivation and as a step towards helping the students become more creative.
Qunits: queried units in database search

Keyword search against structured databases has become a popular topic of investigation, since many users find structured queries too hard to express, and enjoy the freedom of a “Google-like” query box into which search terms can be entered. Attempts to address this problem face a fundamental dilemma. Database querying is based on the logic of predicate evaluation, with a precisely defined answer set for a given query. On the other hand, in an information retrieval approach, ranked query results have long been accepted as far superior to results based on boolean query evaluation. As a consequence, when keyword queries are attempted against databases, relatively ad-hoc ranking mechanisms are invented (if ranking is used at all), and there is little leverage from the large body of IR literature regarding how to rank query results. Our proposal is to create a clear separation between ranking and database querying. This divides the problem into two parts, and allows us to address these separately. The first task is to represent the database, conceptually, as a collection of independent “queried units”, or qunits, each of which represents the desired result for some query against the database. The second task is to evaluate keyword queries against a collection of qunits, which can be treated as independent documents for query purposes, thereby permitting the use of standard IR techniques. We provide insights that encourage the use of this query paradigm, and discuss preliminary investigations into the ecacy of a qunits-based framework based on a prototype implementation.
ACTITUDES HACIA LA DELINCUENCIA, NORMAS INFORMALES Y ESTRESORES LABORALES EN EMPLEADOS DE PRISIONES

The aim of this paper was to analyze delinquency attributions, levels of punitive attitudes, and group norms of officers from three detention centres in Bogota, and co-workers relationships perceptions. Results showed an external attribution of delinquency –economic context and education- and favorable attitudes towards generation of job based delinquency treatment. The respect and cooperation among partners were the most frequently mentioned aspects as part of an appropriate social interaction among colleagues.