Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Case Series With Histopathologic and Radiographic Analyses Following Failure of Fresh Osteochondral Allografts of the Talus

Background: Fresh osteochondral allografting of the talus is one treatment option for large chondral defects. Following positive early term results, failure rates of up to 35% have been reported. A retrieval study was performed to characterize failed talar allografts. Methods: Failed fresh osteochondral allografts of the talus were retrieved on revision. Cases of deep infection were excluded. After tissue fixation, samples were decalcified, embedded, and stained with Safranin-O/Fast Green, osteocalcin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), CD4, CD8, and CD68. Slides were graded according to the modified Mankin scoring system or severity scale. Medical record review was performed. Results: Eight allografts (7 patients) were retrieved from patients, following an average term of implantation of 31 months (range, 12-58). There were 3 types of allografts in this series (hemidome, n=5; segmental, n=2; bipolar, n=1). Reasons for transplantation were post-traumatic arthritis or osteonecrosis; reasons for revision were graft failure/collapse, nonunion, progressive arthritis, and/or pain. Prior to revision, all grafts exhibited collapse and subchondral lucencies. At the graft host interface, Safranin-O staining demonstrated substantial loss of sulfated glycosaminoglycans, Osteocalcin immunostaning was nearly absent, CD68 (indicating osteoclast activity) was predominantly exhibited, and CD4+ helper T cells as well as CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and NK cells—cell types commonly implicated in allogeneic organ transplant rejection—were found in high concentrations. TNF-α was present throughout the graft. Conclusion: A histopathologic analysis of 8 retrieved, failed talar allografts was performed. Graft failure appeared to be primarily biologic, with an extensive loss of viable cartilaginous and osseous tissue at the graft-host interface. This study provides the first evidence of a potential CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte-mediated failure mechanism in fresh osteochondral allografts that were revised following collapse. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
A simple resolution of Stokes' paradox?

This paper proposes a solution to Stokes' paradox for asymptotically uniform viscous flow around a cylinder. The existence of a {\it global} stream function satisfying a perturbative form of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for low Reynolds number is established. This stream function satisfies the appropriate boundary conditions on both the cylinder and at infinity, but nevertheless agrees with Stokes' original results at finite radius as the Reynolds number tends to zero. The Navier-Stokes equations are satisfied to a power-log power of the Reynolds number. The drag on the cylinder is calculated from first principles and the free parameter of the approach can be chosen to give good agreement with data on drag. In this revised working paper we put our approach on a firmer mathematical basis using the Helmholtz-Laplace equation as a linear approximation to the Navier-Stokes system. In so doing we demonstrate the instability of the original paradox. We also demonstrate the absence of a paradox of Stokes-Whitehead class, and give further theoretical constraints on the free parameters of the model.
Perceptions of Relative Influence: Formation and Measurement

A model is proposed to explain sources of error in perceptions and reports of relative influence. The analysis focuses on the determinants of inferential ability and perceptual bias and their effects on the accuracy of spouses’ self-reports on relative influence. Results have implications for research on groups, indicating that accuracy improves when more specific measures are used. Further, accuracy is improved through the impact of specificity on relative influence, traditionalism, desire to win, empathy, stage in the family lifecycle, education, and sex.
Enhancing Personalized Feedback System by Visual Biometric Data Analysis

This paper propose to develop and evaluate a learning support system which can provide personalized feedbacks for helping learners to improve their learning ability. To support the analysis of learners' cognitive processes during learning activities, this system will collect not only their learning logs and questionnaires' responses, but also their visual biometric data (eye-movement data). Eye-tracking systems with not only eye safety advance but also precision advance will be used in this research. By analyzing all the collected data, the system will identify learners' characteristics and provide real-time feedbacks in response to their characteristics.
Fibrinolysis and host response in bacterial infections

Summary The plasminogen activation system is part of the fibrinolysis which is tightly regulated and protected against dysfunction by various activators and inhibitors. However, microorganisms including bacteria, fungi and also parasites have been proven to interact in a specific manner with components of the fibrinolytic pathways. Pathogenic bacteria are capable to subvert the function of proteases, activators or inhibitors for their own benefits including dissemination within the host and evasion of host inflammatory immune response. Here, we provide a state of the art overview of the divers strategies employed by bacteria to interact with components of the fibrinolytic system and to exploit the system for invasion. Moreover, the role of factors of the fibrinolytic cascade in inflammatory host response due to different bacterial infections will be presented.
A Systematic Review of the Relationships between Intimate Partner Violence and HIV/AIDS

Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant health problem that has been associated with HIV infection in numerous studies. We aimed to systematically review the literature on relationships between IPV and HIV in order to describe the prevalence of IPV in people with HIV, the prevalence of HIV in people experiencing IPV, the association between IPV and HIV, and evidence regarding mechanisms of risk and interventions. Methods Data sources were 10 electronic databases and reference lists. Studies were included if they reported data on the relationship between IPV and HIV. All records were independently reviewed by two authors at the stages of title and abstract review and full text review. Any abstract considered eligible by either reviewer was reviewed in full, and any disagreement regarding eligibility of full texts or data extracted was resolved by discussion. Results 101 articles were included. Experiencing IPV and HIV infection were associated in unadjusted analyses in most studies, as well as in adjusted analyses in many studies. The findings of qualitative and quantitative studies assessing potential mechanisms linking IPV and HIV were variable. Few interventions have been assessed, but two identified in this review were promising in terms of preventing IPV, though not HIV infection. Conclusions Experiencing IPV and HIV infection tend to be associated in unadjusted analyses, suggesting that IPV screening and linkage with relevant programs and services may be valuable. It is unclear whether there is a causal association between experiencing IPV and HIV infection. Research should focus on defining parameters of IPV which are relevant to HIV infection, including type of IPV and period of exposure and risk, on assessing potential mechanisms, and on developing and assessing interventions which build on the strengths of existing studies.
Structured Output-Associated Dictionary Learning for Haptic Understanding

Haptic sensing and feedback play extremely important roles for humans and robots to perceive, understand, and manipulate the world. Since many properties perceived by the haptic sensors can be characterized by adjectives, it is reasonable to develop a set of haptic adjectives for the haptic understanding. This formulates the haptic understanding as a multilabel classification problem. In this paper, we exploit the intrinsic relation between different adjective labels and develop a novel dictionary learning method which is improved by introducing the structured output association information. Such a method makes use of the label correlation information and is more suitable for the multilabel haptic understanding task. In addition, we develop two iterative algorithms to solve the dictionary learning and classifier design problems, respectively. Finally, we perform extensive experimental validations on the public available haptic sequence dataset Penn Haptic Adjective Corpus 2 and show the advantages of the proposed method.
A Hierarchical View of Convergent Evolution in Microbial Eukaryotes 1

ABSTRACT. Distinguishing convergent evolution from other causes of similarity in organisms is necessary for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships, inferring patterns of character evolution, and investigating the forces of natural selection. In contrast to animals and land plants, the pervasiveness and adaptive significance of convergent evolution in microbes has yet to be systematically explored or articulated. Convergent evolution in microbial eukaryotes, for instance, often involves very distantly related lineages with relatively limited repertoires of morphological features. These large phylogenetic distances weaken the role of ancestral developmental programs on the subsequent evolution of morphological characters, making convergent evolution between very distantly related lineages fundamentally different from convergent evolution between closely related lineages. This suggests that examples of convergence at different levels in the phylogenetic hierarchy offer different clues about the causes and processes of macroevolutionary diversification. Accordingly (and despite opinions to the contrary), I recognize three broad and overlapping categories of phenotypic convergence—“parallel”, “proximate” and “ultimate”—that represent either (1) subcellular analogues, (2) subcellular analogues to multicellular systems (and vice versa), or (3) multicellular analogues. Microbial eukaryotes living in planktonic environments, interstitial environments, and the intestinal environments of metazoan hosts provide compelling examples of ultimate convergence. After describing selected examples in microbial eukaryotes, I suggest some future directions needed to more fully understand the hierarchical structure of convergent evolution and the overall history of life.
Urban Area Detection Using Local Feature Points and Spatial Voting

Automatically detecting and monitoring urban regions is an important problem in remote sensing. Very high resolution aerial and satellite images provide valuable information to solve this problem. However, they are not sufficient alone for two main reasons. First, a human expert should analyze these very large images. There may be some errors in the operation. Second, the urban area is dynamic. Therefore, detection should be done periodically, and this is time consuming. To handle these shortcomings, an automated system is needed to detect the urban area from aerial and satellite images. In this letter, we propose such a method based on local feature point extraction using Gabor filters. We use these local feature points to vote for the candidate urban areas. Then, we detect the urban area using an optimal decision-making approach on the vote distribution. We test our method on a diverse panchromatic aerial and Ikonos satellite image set. Our test results indicate the possible use of our method in practical applications.
Gender-based relationship efficacy: children's self-perceptions in intergroup contexts.

This research introduces a new construct, gender-based relationship efficacy, which refers to beliefs about one's ability to relate to own- and other-gender peers. Study 1 investigated 204 fourth graders (M age = 9.56) and confirmed that own-gender and other-gender relationship efficacy represent distinguishable aspects of preadolescents' social competency beliefs that are differentially related to outcomes with own- and other-gender peers, including outcome expectancies and friendships with own- and other-gender peers. Study 2 provided further evidence of the distinctiveness of relationship efficacy for own- and other-gender peers among 403 seventh (M age = 12.48) and 453 eighth (M age = 13.50) graders and found gender and age differences. Developmental changes and implications for research on intergroup relationships are discussed.
Fisher's discriminant and relevant component analysis for static facial expression classification

This paper addresses the issue of automatic classification of the six universal emotional categories (joy, surprise, fear, anger, disgust, sadness) in the case of static images. Appearance parameters are extracted by an active appearance model(AAM) representing the input for the classification step. We show how Relevant Component Analysis (RCA) in combination with Fisher's Linear Discriminant (FLD) provides a good “plug-&-play” classifier in the context of facial expression recognition framework. We test this method against several other classification techniques, including LDA, GDA and SVM, on the Cohn-Kanade database.
A Timbre Analysis And Classification Toolkit For Pure Data

This paper describes example applications of a timbre analysis and classification toolkit for pure data (Pd). The timbreID collection of Pd externals enable both systematic and casual exploration of sound characteristics via objects that are streamlined and easy to use. Details surrounding signal buffering, blocking, and windowing are performed independently by the objects, so that analyses can be obtained with very little patching. A modular design allows for adaptable configurations and many possible creative ends. The applications described here include vowel classification, targetdriven concatenative synthesis, ordering sounds by timbre, and mapping of a sound set in timbre space.
Detection of Lyme Disease Bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, in Blacklegged Ticks Collected in the Grand River Valley, Ontario, Canada

We document the presence of blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, in the Grand River valley, Centre Wellington, Ontario. Overall, 15 (36%) of 42 I. scapularis adults collected from 41 mammalian hosts (dogs, cats, humans) were positive for the Lyme disease bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.). Using real-time PCR testing and DNA sequencing of the flagellin (fla) gene, we determined that Borrelia amplicons extracted from I. scapularis adults belonged to B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.), which is pathogenic to humans and certain domestic animals. Based on the distribution of I. scapularis adults within the river basin, it appears likely that migratory birds provide an annual influx of I. scapularis immatures during northward spring migration. Health-care providers need to be aware that local residents can present with Lyme disease symptoms anytime during the year.
Title Geometric Morphometric Analyses of 2d/3d Landmark Data

February 19, 2015 Date 2015-02-11 Type Package Title Geometric Morphometric Analyses of 2d/3D Landmark Data Version 2.1. 3 Author Dean Adams, Michael Collyer, Erik Otarola-Castillo, Emma Sherratt Maintainer Dean Adams <dcadams@iastate.edu> Depends rgl, R(>= 3.1.0) Imports jpeg, ape, geiger, phytools Description Geomorph allows users to read, manipulate, and digitize landmark data, generate shape variables via Procrustes analysis for points, curves and surfaces, perform shape analyses, and provide graphical depictions of shapes and patterns of shape variation. License GPL (>= 2) NeedsCompilation yes Repository CRAN Date/Publication 2015-02-12 20:28:15
Proteolytic processing of beta-amyloid precursor by calpain I

The beta-amyloid peptide is a core component of the neuritic plaques that accumulate in Alzheimer's disease. Since the beta-peptide resides within a family of precursor proteins (APPs), proteolytic processing of APP is required for beta-amyloid deposition into plaques. Here, we have examined the role played by the calcium-dependent cysteine protease calpain I in APP processing. Immunoblotting with a specific APP antiserum was used to assess the in vitro degradation of rat brain APP, which appears as a triplet of polypeptides of Mr 110–130 kDa. Both soluble and membrane-bound APP were extraordinarily sensitive to activated calpain I. APP contains at least 3 distinct calpain I cleavage sites. The most protease-sensitive site was located within the highly acidic structural motif called the PEST domain, a second site was upstream of the putative N-linked glycosylation sites, and a third generated a 16 kDa carboxy-terminal fragment that contains the beta- peptide. Based on light microscopic immunohistochemistry, APP and calpain I were extensively colocalized within large numbers of neurons distributed throughout the rat brain, with especially high levels of each in neocortical layer 5, subiculum, globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus, anterodorsal and reticular thalamic nuclei, motor trigeminal nucleus, deep cerebellar nuclei, and Purkinje cells. Both antigens were most prevalent within neuronal perikarya. Intraventricular kainate infusion, which is known to cause rapid activation of hippocampal calpain I, produced a 32% decline in APP levels after 24 hr, suggestive of in vivo degradation of APP by calpain I. Following kainate-induced neuronal loss, both APP and calpain I immunoreactivities appeared in the surrounding reactive astroglia. These results indicate that calpain I may be involved in the normal and, perhaps, pathological processing of APP, and that this processing could occur in either neurons or reactive astrocytes. Calcium influx and calpain I activation may provide a mechanism by which excitatory neurotransmission regulates APP metabolism.
Premedication dilemmas, is Pregabalin the answer?

Objective: Laryngoscopy and intubation are associated with sympathetic stimulation which can prove deleterious in patients with cardiovascular compromise; so, various methods have been tried to obtund this pressor response. In this study, we have assessed the efficacy of pregabalin in attenuating the pressor response to laryngoscopy and intubation. Methods: This prospective randomized study included 80 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status grades I-II, in the age group of 18–60 years of age. The patients were randomized into two groups of 40 patients each. Group A received the placebo orally, 90 min prior to surgery. Group B received 150 mg of pregabalin orally, 90 min prior to surgery. These patients were assessed in terms of sedation with Ramsay sedation scale (RSS). In the operation theatre, the heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and oxygen saturation recorded at baseline and 1, 3, 5, and 10 min after intubation. The rate pressure product (RPP) was calculated for these time intervals. In the postoperative period, patients were assessed for complications like dizziness, nausea, and blurred vision. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and ANOVA tests. Findings: The group receiving 150 mg of pregabalin as premedication was found to be adequately sedated at 1 h post-premedication with 52% patients having a RSS score of 3 compared to 4% with the same RSS score in the placebo group (P < 0.0001). Hemodynamics was more stable post-intubation with significant stability in the HR (P = 0.002) and RPP (P = 0.004) in the pregabalin group. Conclusion: Pregabalin when given as a premedication provides adequate sedation and obtunds the pressor response seen with intubation.
Cervical Infection With Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Women From Ten Areas in Four Continents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objectives: Better information on the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection is needed in many world areas. Study Design: Cross-sectional study of population-based samples of nonpregnant women aged 15 to 44 years in Nigeria, Colombia, Argentina, Vietnam (2 areas), China, Thailand (2 areas), Korea, and Spain. 5,328 consenting women aged 15 to 44 years participated. Exfoliated cervical cells were collected and testing for CT and NG and human papillomavirus (HPV) was done using PCR-based assays. Results: Age-standardized CT prevalence ranged between 0.2% (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.0–0.7%) in Spain and 5.6% (95% CI: 3.4–7.8%) in Nigeria. NG ranged between 0% (with broad CIs) in several areas and 2.6% (95% CI: 1.0–4.2%) in Nigeria. Prevalence of CT in all areas combined was greater in women aged 15 to 24 (4.5; 95% CI: 3.4–5.8%) than 25 to 44 (2.6; 95% CI: 2.1–3.1%), whereas NG prevalence was similar in the 2 age groups (0.3%). The only significant risk factors were NG infection (for CT), CT infection (for NG) and infection with high-risk HPV types (for both). Conclusions: The prevalence of CT and, most notably, NG was relatively low in a variety of countries. Our findings, however, do not apply to subsets of high-risk women who are likely to be underrepresented in our population-based samples.
Comparison of LLVM and GCC on the ARM Platform

Virtual machines provide platform independence by using intermediate code. Program source code is compiled into intermediate code, which can be executed on many different platforms. Even though there are many virtual machines, there are not many virtual machines that can support C/C++, especially with high performance. Recently, Low Level Virtual Machine (LLVM) provides limited degree of architecture independence for C programs. Though it does not support multi-platform execution of complex programs, it is able to run simple benchmarks, enabling us to look into important aspects. In this paper, we analyze the performance impact of using intermediate code for C programs in the embedded system. Compared to the traditional native execution, LLVM has a little weakness in handling memory accesses, but generally shows competitive performance in other optimizations. Especially, in a benchmark with frequent function calls, LLVM exhibits even better performance than GCC.
The Communication of Musical Expression

This study focuses on the performer-listener link of the chain of musical communication. Using different perceptual methods (categorization, matching, and rating), as well as acoustical analyses of timing and amplitude, we found that both musicians and nonmusicians could discern among the levels of expressive intent of violin, trumpet, clarinet, oboe, and piano performers. Time-contour profiles showed distinct signatures between instruments and across expressive levels, which affords a basis for perceptual discrimination. For example, for "appropriate" expressive performances, a gradual lengthening of successive durations leads to the cadence. Although synthesized versions based on performance timings led to less response accuracy than did the complete natural performance, evidence suggests that timing may be more salient as a perceptual cue than amplitude. We outline a metabolic communication theory of musical expression that is based on a system of sequences of states, and changes of state, which fill gaps of inexorable time. We assume that musical states have a flexible, topologically deformable nature. Our conception allows for hierarchies and structure in active music processing that static generative grammars do not. This theory is supported by the data, in which patterns of timings and amplitudes differed among and between instruments and levels of expression.