Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceptual Anchoring with Indefinite Descriptions

Anchoring is the problem of how to connect, inside an artificial system, the symbol-level and signal- level representations of the same physical object. In most previous work on anchoring, symbol-level representations were meant to denote one specific object, like 'the red pen p22'. These are also called definite descriptions. In this paper, we study an- choring in the case of indefinite descriptions, like 'a red pen '. A key point of our study is that an- choring with an indefinite description involves, in general, the selection of one object among several perceived objects that satisfy that description. We analyze several strategies to perform object selec- tion, and compare them with the problem of action selection in autonomous embedded agents.
Combinatoric innovation : environments for creation and mobilization of intellectual capital

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
An Algorithm for Real-Time Tracking of Non-Rigid Objects

We describe an algorithm for tracking an unknown object in natural scenes. We require that the object's approximate initial location be available, and further assume that the it ean be distinguished from the background by motion or stereo. No constraint is placed on the object's shape, other than that it not change too rapidly from frame to frame. Objects are tracked and segmented cross-temporally using a massively parallel bottom-up approach. Our algorithm has been implemented on a Connection Machine, and runs in real time 15-20 frames per second).
The Domain Restriction Hypothesis: Relating Term Similarity and Semantic Consistency

In this paper, we empirically demonstrate what we call the domain restriction hypothesis, claiming that semantically related terms extracted from a corpus tend to be semantically coherent. We apply this hypothesis to define a post-processing module for the output of Espresso, a state of the art relation extraction system, showing that irrelevant and erroneous relations can be filtered out by our module, increasing the precision of the final output. Results are confirmed by both quantitative and qualitative analyses, showing that very high precision can be reached.
Olfactory bulb encoding during learning under anesthesia

Neural plasticity changes within the olfactory bulb are important for olfactory learning, although how neural encoding changes support new associations with specific odors and whether they can be investigated under anesthesia, remain unclear. Using the social transmission of food preference olfactory learning paradigm in mice in conjunction with in vivo microdialysis sampling we have shown firstly that a learned preference for a scented food odor smelled on the breath of a demonstrator animal occurs under isofluorane anesthesia. Furthermore, subsequent exposure to this cued odor under anesthesia promotes the same pattern of increased release of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the olfactory bulb as previously found in conscious animals following olfactory learning, and evoked GABA release was positively correlated with the amount of scented food eaten. In a second experiment, multiarray (24 electrodes) electrophysiological recordings were made from olfactory bulb mitral cells under isofluorane anesthesia before, during and after a novel scented food odor was paired with carbon disulfide. Results showed significant increases in overall firing frequency to the cued-odor during and after learning and decreases in response to an uncued odor. Analysis of patterns of changes in individual neurons revealed that a substantial proportion (>50%) of them significantly changed their response profiles during and after learning with most of those previously inhibited becoming excited. A large number of cells exhibiting no response to the odors prior to learning were either excited or inhibited afterwards. With the uncued odor many previously responsive cells became unresponsive or inhibited. Learning associated changes only occurred in the posterior part of the olfactory bulb. Thus olfactory learning under anesthesia promotes extensive, but spatially distinct, changes in mitral cell networks to both cued and uncued odors as well as in evoked glutamate and GABA release.
0.1µm GaAs pHEMT technology and associated modelling for millimeter wave low noise amplifiers

Applications in the range of E to W bands are emerging during the last years specially in the field of Radio and security for active scanning systems. It required both low noise receiver and medium power amplifier which needs to use high performances, reliable millimeter wave technology. This paper describes basic fundamental of a 0.1 μm gate length process in term of process, characteristics and modelling. A specific emphasis is attached to the modelling issue in this domain of frequency and the difficulty to get reliable analysis. It is stressed at the end that thanks to accurate modelling in the low frequency part (Ka to Q bands), it allows to predict the behaviour of the device in E band. This methodology has been successfully applied to the design of a wideband LNA and HPA.
Population-Based Biomonitoring of Exposure to Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Pesticides in New York City

Background: Organophosphates and pyrethroids are the most common classes of insecticides used in the United States. Widespread use of these compounds to control building infestations in New York City (NYC) may have caused higher exposure than in less-urban settings. Objectives: The objectives of our study were to estimate pesticide exposure reference values for NYC and identify demographic and behavioral characteristics that predict exposures. Methods: The NYC Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was a population-based, cross-sectional study conducted in 2004 among adults ≥ 20 years of age. It measured urinary concentrations of organophosphate metabolites [dimethylphosphate (DMP), dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), dimethyldithiophosphate, diethylphosphate, diethylthiophosphate, and diethyldithiophosphate] in 883 participants, and pyrethroid metabolites [3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (trans-DCCA), 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid, and cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid] in 1,452 participants. We used multivariable linear regression to estimate least-squares geometric mean total dialkylphospate (ΣDAP) and 3-PBA concentrations across categories of predictors. Results: The dimethyl organophosphate metabolites had the highest 95th percentile concentrations (87.4 μg/L and 74.7 μg/L for DMP and DMTP, respectively). The highest 95th percentiles among pyrethroid metabolites were measured for 3-PBA and trans-DCCA (5.23 μg/L and 5.94 μg/L, respectively). Concentrations of ΣDAP increased with increasing age, non-Hispanic white or black compared with Hispanic race/ethnicity, professional pesticide use, and increasing frequency of fruit consumption; they decreased with non-green vegetable consumption. Absolute differences in geometric mean urinary 3-PBA concentrations across categories of predictors were too small to be meaningful. Conclusion: Estimates of exposure to pyrethroids and dimethyl organophosphates were higher in NYC than in the United States overall, underscoring the importance of considering pest and pesticide burdens in cities when formulating pesticide use regulations. Citation: McKelvey W, Jacobson JB, Kass D, Barr DB, Davis M, Calafat AM, Aldous KM. 2013. Population-based biomonitoring of exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides in New York City. Environ Health Perspect 121:1349–1356; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/ehp.1206015
Diagnostic Prediction for Social Anxiety Disorder via Multivariate Pattern Analysis of the Regional Homogeneity

Although decades of efforts have been spent studying the pathogenesis of social anxiety disorder (SAD), there are still no objective biological markers that could be reliably used to identify individuals with SAD. Studies using multivariate pattern analysis have shown the potential value in clinically diagnosing psychiatric disorders with neuroimaging data. We therefore examined the diagnostic potential of regional homogeneity (ReHo) underlying neural correlates of SAD using support vector machine (SVM), which has never been studied. Forty SAD patients and pairwise matched healthy controls were recruited and scanned by resting-state fMRI. The ReHo was calculated as synchronization of fMRI signals of nearest neighboring 27 voxels. A linear SVM was then adopted and allowed the classification of the two groups with diagnostic accuracy of ReHo that was 76.25% (sensitivity = 70%, and specificity = 82.5%, P ≤ 0.001). Regions showing different discriminating values between diagnostic groups were mainly located in default mode network, dorsal attention network, self-referential network, and sensory networks, while the left medial prefrontal cortex was identified with the highest weight. These results implicate that ReHo has good diagnostic potential in SAD, and thus may provide an initial step towards the possible use of whole brain local connectivity to inform the clinical evaluation.
MM+Space: n x 4 degree-of-freedom kinetic display for recreating multiparty conversation spaces

A novel system, called MM+Space, is presented for recreating multiparty face-to-face conversation scenes in the real world. It aims to display and playback pre-recorded conversations as if the people were talking in front of the viewer(s). This system consists of multiple projectors and transparent screens, which display the life-size faces of people. The key idea is the physical augmentation of human head motions, i.e. the screen pose is dynamically controlled to emulate the head motions, for boosting the viewers' perception of nonverbal behaviors and interactions. In particular, MM+Space newly introduces 2-Degree-of-Freedom (DoF) translations, in forward-backward and right-left directions, in addition to 2-DoF head rotations (nodding and shaking), which were proposed in our former MM-Space system. The full 4-DoF kinetic display is expected to enhance the expressibility of head and body motions, and to create more realistic representation of interacting people. Experiments showed that the proposed system with 4-DoF motions outperformed the rotation-only system in the increased perception of people's presence and in expressing their postures. In addition, it was reported that the proposed system allowed the viewers to experience rich emotional expressibility, immersion in conversations, and potential behavioral/emotional contagion.
Analysis of microdissected neurons by 18O mass spectrometry reveals altered protein expression in Alzheimer's disease

It is evident that the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are derived from severe neuronal damage, and especially pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus are affected pathologically. Here, we analysed the proteome of hippocampal neurons, isolated from post‐mortem brains by laser capture microdissection. By using 18O labelling and mass spectrometry, the relative expression levels of 150 proteins in AD and controls were estimated. Many of the identified proteins are involved in transcription and nucleotide binding, glycolysis, heat‐shock response, microtubule stabilization, axonal transport or inflammation. The proteins showing the most altered expression in AD were selected for immunohistochemical analysis. These analyses confirmed the altered expression levels, and showed in many AD cases a pathological pattern. For comparison, we also analysed hippocampal sections by Western blot. The expression levels found by this method showed poor correlation with the neuron‐specific analysis. Hence, we conclude that cell‐specific proteome analysis reveals differences in the proteome that cannot be detected by bulk analysis.
Investment in electricity generation under emissions price uncertainty : the plant-type decision

This paper investigates the effects of uncertain emissions prices on the plant-type investment decision of an electricity generating firm. It is assumed that the firm faces an investment deadline and is deciding between "clean" and "dirty" generating alternatives, with the dirty option being more profitable in the absence of emissions regulation. Two models are presented in which the policy variable, the carbon dioxide (CO2) price, is assumed to evolve according to two different stochastic processes, each representing a different degree of possible future government intervention. In the first, the emissions cap is assumed fixed and certain, and CO2 permit prices evolve according to a geometric Brownian motion, and in the second it is assumed that the government may alter the cap at some point in the future, and CO2 prices are modelled as following a combined Poisson-geometric Brownian motion. The models employ real options analysis and the firm's decision is couched as an optimal stopping problem in which the continuation region is characterized by the default decision of replacing the dying coal plant with a new dirty unit. The models are solved for the critical permit price, τ*, at which the construction of a clean plant rather than a dirty one becomes optimal, and the dependence of the models’ solutions on the parameter values chosen is demonstrated. The results indicate that uncertainty leads to a delay in investment generally, and a reduction in clean-unit construction. It is shown that this delay is more pronounced in the jump-diffusion scenario, when emissions caps can be altered in the future, than in the geometric Brownian motion setting, when the emissions cap is assumed fixed.
Growth, Trade and Endogenous Technology: A Study of OECD Manufacturing

List of Tables - Preface - Introduction: Growth and Endogenous Technology - The New Theories of Endogenous Growth - The Issues, the Empirical Approach and the Data - The Modelling of Output Growth across Manufacturing Sectors: An Initial Approach - Evidence on Endogenous Technological Change across OECD Manufacturing - Scientific Human Capital, Investment and Trade: Further Empirical Evidence - The Impact of Government Policy on Output Growth across OECD Manufacturing - Conclusions - Index
A polynomially bounded operator on Hilbert space which is not similar to a contraction

Let E > 0. We prove that there exists an operator TE e2 "2 such that for any polynomial P we have IIP(TE)II not similar to a contraction, i.e. there does not exist an invertible operator S: f2 -e f2 such that JIS-1TESII tributed to Halmos after his well-known 1970 paper ("Ten problems in Hilbert space"). We also give some related finite-dimensional estimates. DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS 77843 UNIVERSITE PARIS VI, EQUIPE D7ANALYSE, CASE 186, 75252 PARIS CEDEX 05, FRANCE E-mail address: gipQccr. jussieu. fr This content downloaded from 157.55. 39.104 on Sun, 19 Jun 2016 06:52:47 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms
Paving Wall Street: Experimental Economics and the Quest for the Perfect Market

Foreword by Vernon L. Smith. Preface. Acknowledgments. Chronology of Major Events. PART I: BUBBLES AND EXPERIMENTS. 1 Wind Tunnel Markets. Step into the Wind Tunnel. Our Road Map. 2 Bargain Hunting. Capturing the Human Element. Rationality and Induced Value at Your Corner Grocer. Let's Make a Deal. Games and Strategies. It Came from Harvard. 3 A Tale of Two Smiths. The Law of Supply and Demand. The Groping Market. New Market Rules. Perfect Without Knowledge. 4 Bubbles in the Lab. Cycling Through Time. The Seasonal Shift. Speculators Enter the Laboratory. Behold the Bubble. On the Origin of Bubbles. 5 Bubbles in the Wild. Asset Valuation and Efficient Markets. From Noise to Irrationality. Breaking the Bank. Bubbles: Rational or Irrational? Potholes on Wall Street. PART II: INSIDE MARKETS: OPTIONS, INFORMATION, AND LIQUIDITY. 6 Black Monday. Peering into the Abyss. The Quantitative Finance Revolution. It's There Until You Need It. Programmed to Trade. 7 All the World's an Option. How Do You Value an Option? The Formula for Options. The Universal Nature of Options. Options Rule on Wall Street. Spreads and the Risk of Default. Liquidity:The Ultimate Option. 8 The Invisible Hand Discovers Prices. Price Impact and Market Manipulations. Toward Instantaneous Price Discovery. One-Sided Auction Markets. Vickery's Solution. Deviant Auctions. 9 Sending Signals and Keeping Score. Lemons Squeeze the Market Mechanism. The Theory of Market Signaling. Learning to Signal in the Laboratory. Prices as Scorekeepers. The Art of Indexing. The Limits to Aggregation. 10 It All Comes Down to Money. Money, Expectations, and Illusion. The Emergence of Money. Future Money. PART III: GRIDLOCK AND THE ROAD TO SMART MARKETS. 11 The Market Is Tied Up in Knots. Long-Term Gridlock. Arbitrage Has Its Limits. Markets as Matchmakers. Smart Enough to Weave a Basket. 12 Making Markets Intelligent. Adding Baskets to the Market. Self-Arbitraging Markets. Recombinant Securities Markets. All or Nothing at All. Breaking the Law of a Single Price. 13 The Smart Auction Block. Bandwidth for Sale. Location, Location, Location . and Synergy,Too. Combinatorial Auctions: Optimization on the Fly. NASA's Awesome Wind Tunnel. Learning by Doing at the FCC. 14 Good Intentions. FCC versus SEC. Powerless. The Rules of Engagement. Notes. Bibliography. Index.
Divided America: The Ferocious Power Struggle in American Politics

"Divided America" tells the biggest story in American politics today. It's the story behind the emergence of a ferocious power struggle between conservative Republicans and liberal Democrats that is tearing the country's politics apart.Drawing on extensive polling data and close analyses of presidential, senatorial, and congressional elections over the past fifty years, two eminent political scientists show, for the first time, how partisan warfare has reduced both major parties to minority status and locked them into fierce power struggles in each election cycle, thereby making America less stable and more difficult to govern.Because the two major parties are now evenly balanced in the national electorate, control of the White House and Congress can shift dramatically with each election. Neither Republicans nor Democrats operate with any "lock" on the presidency, House of Representatives, or Senate, as demonstrated by the 2006 congressional elections. Earl Black and Merle Black examine the party battles as they've played themselves out in the nation's five principal geographic areas. Each party has developed two important regional strongholds, as exemplified in the 2004 elections, when Republicans won all the electoral votes and sizable majorities of House and Senate seats in the South and Mountain/Plains states while the Democrats won almost all the electoral votes and large majorities in the Northeast and the Pacific Rim states. The Midwest is the perennial swing region.The authors describe the enormous changes that have occurred in the electorates of each region over the past fifty years -- with emphasis on how the size and partisan affiliations of key groups havechanged -- and show how these transformations have generated today's unstable two-party battles. Although the relentlessly competitive nature of modern American politics is generally appreciated, the regional causes underlying this new state of affairs are not well understood. Because neither Democrats nor Republicans can produce national majorities simply by sweeping their regional strongholds, they are locked in a fierce power struggle in each election. "Divided America" tells the story of these remarkable developments in clear, vigorous prose and provides a pragmatic understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of each party.For the foreseeable future, each party will be within striking distance of winning -- or losing -- political power in every national institution. Understanding the party battles in America's regions is vital to understanding how today's losers can become tomorrow's winners
The Academic Achievement Challenge: What Really Works in the Classroom?

Adams, Foreword. Academic Achievement: An American Dilemma. Traditional, Teacher-Centered Education versus Progressive, Student-Centered Education. Twentieth-Century Trends in Educational Policy: The Shift toward Student-Centered Programs. Trends in Specific Areas of the Curriculum: Reading, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies, 1900 to the 1990s. Research on the Overall Effects of Teacher- and Students -Centered Educational Programs. Research Studies of Early Educational Experiments. Student-Centered Education: From Theory to Practice. Socioeconomic and Learning Difference Effects. Parents, the Media, and other Nonschool Educators. Where Do We Go from Here? Conclusions and Recommendations. Appendix: Key Differences between Teacher-Centered and Student-Centered Instruction.
Self-Reported, Structured Measures of Recovery to Detect Postoperative Morbidity

Previous studies have focused on postoperative anaesthetic visit as a tool for measuring postoperative recovery or patient’s satisfaction. Whether it could also improve timely recognition of complications has not been studied yet. Aim of our study was to assess pathological findings in physical examination requiring further intervention during postoperative visit and to explore whether a self-administered version of the Quality of Recovery (QoR)-9 score, compared to a detailed medical history, can act as a screening tool for identification of patients who show a low risk to develop postoperative complications. This observational study included 918 patients recovering from various types of non-cardiac surgery and anaesthesia. The postoperative visit implied three steps: measuring the QoR-9 score, a structured medical history and a physical examination. QoR-9-score showed a comparable negative predictive value (0.93 vs. 0.92) and a higher sensitivity of finding at least one pathological examination than a detailed medical history (0.92 vs. 0.81 respectively). At least one postoperative pathological examination finding was observed in 23.7% of the patients. Our approach presents a strategy on screening postoperative patients in order to identify patients whose examination and consequent treatment should be intensified. In further studies the question could be addressed whether the postoperative visit may help to reduce complications and mortality after surgery.