Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stormwater quality benefits of a permeable friction course

This project documents the impact of a permeable friction course overlay on the quality of highway stormwater runoff. A permeable friction course (PFC) is a layer of porous asphalt approximately 50 mm thick which is often applied on top of conventional asphalt highways to enhance safety. The quantity and quality of stormwater runoff from a four-lane divided highway in the Austin, Texas area was monitored before and after the installation of a PFC. Observed concentrations of suspended solids and pollutants associated with particulate material were much lower in the runoff from the PFC than that derived from the conventional asphalt surface. Concentration reductions were observed for suspended solids (92%), total lead (90%), total copper (51%), and total zinc (74%). Observed concentrations of PAHs were below the detection limit for both pavement types.
Page-based optimistic concurrency control for memory-mapped persistent object systems

New applications that support cooperative work of users on distributed computers often share persistent data structures that contain pointers. For these applications, the underlying system, often uses the "page server" architecture, in which the persistent data are shipped from the server on a page basis, and clients cache the pages for object-grain accesses. In this page-grain environment, conventional concurrency control schemes do not work as well as they do in the object-grain environment for business applications, because of their lack of efficiency and/or correctness. The two-phase locking scheme and timestamp ordering scheme suffer from frequent lock contention, (false) deadlocks, and/or frequent transaction restarts. Existing optimistic schemes sometimes provide inconsistent views of the persistent storage to transactions that are to be aborted. This paper proposes a novel concurrency control scheme. Called "page-based versioned optimistic" scheme. suitable for serialization of distributed cooperative applications with page-grain accesses. The optimistic scheme with versioning avoids lock contention, commits all read-only transactions, and provides consistent views of the persistent storage even to transactions that are to be aborted. The scheme is able to be implemented efficiently in distributed systems as well as in centralized systems. <<ETX>>
Software model checking: extracting verification models from source code †

To formally verify a large software application, the standard method is to invest a considerable amount of time and expertise into the manual construction of an abstract model, which is then analysed for its properties by either a mechanized or a human prover. There are two problems with this approach. The first problem is that this verification method can be no more reliable than the humans that perform the manual steps. If the average rate of error for human work is a function of the problem size, this holds not only for the construction of the original application, but also for the construction of the model. The standard verification trajectory therefore tends to become less reliable for larger applications. The second problem is one of timing and relevance. Software applications built by teams of programmers can change rapidly, often daily. Manually constructing an accurate abstraction of any one version of the application, though, can take weeks, which may jeopardize the validity of the results. In this paper a different verification method that avoids these problems is discussed. This method, which may be the precursor of a new class of testing techniques, was originally developed to allow for a thorough testing of parts of the software of a new commercial telephone switch. Here it is argued, though, that the method also has broad applicability to distributed software systems design in general.
A Decadal-Scale Teleconnection between the North Atlantic Oscillation and Subtropical Eastern Australian Rainfall

The time series of twentieth-century subtropical eastern Australian rainfall (SEAR) shows evident fluctuationsoverdecadaltomultidecadaltimescales.Usingobservations fromtheperiod1900‐2013,itwasfound that SEAR is connected to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) over decadal time scales, with the NAO leading by around15yr. The physical mechanismunderlyingthis relationship was investigated. The NAO can have a delayed impact on sea surface temperature (SST) fluctuations in the subpolar Southern Ocean (SO), and these SST changes could in turn contribute to the decadal variability in SEAR through their impacts on theSouthernHemisphereatmospheric circulation.ThisobservedleadoftheNAOrelativeto SOSSTandthe interhemispheric SST seesaw mechanism are reasonably reproduced in a long-term control simulation of an ocean‐atmosphere coupled model. The NAO exerts a delayed effect on the variation of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation that further induces seesaw SST anomalies in the subpolar North Atlantic and SO. With evidence that the NAO precedes SEAR decadal variability via a delayed SO bridge, a linear model for SEAR decadal variability was developed by combination of the NAO and Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). The observed SEAR decadal variability is considerably well simulated by the linear model, and the relationship between the simulation and observation is stable. SEAR over the coming decade may increase slightly, because of the recent NAO weakening and the return of negative PDO phase.
11 Transcriptome Sequencing and Analysis of Seabuckthorn ( Hippophae Sp.)

Seabuckthorn ( Hippophae Sp.) is known for its immense medicinal, nutritional, and agro-nomical properties and has been utilized for centuries as traditional medicine and food supplements in various countries of Asia and Europe. The revolutionary development in the ﬁ eld of sequencing from ﬁ rst to the third generation opens a whole new horizon to explore the transcriptome of non-crop but important plant species. Many next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based transcriptome studies exploring different prospects such as therapeutic uses, stress management, and sex determination have been conducted for seabuckthorn in the last decade. Currently, a complete transcriptome pro ﬁ le from leaf and root tissues along with other transcriptomes pro ﬁ led under different environmental conditions is available in the public domain for seabuckthorn. In the current chapter, we have highlighted the recent developments and techniques used for NGS-based transcriptome pro ﬁ ling for seabuckthorn. We have also discussed the challenges and prospects of NGS-based transcriptome studies in seabuck-thorn. The transcriptome pro ﬁ les generated for seabuckthorn could further be exploited to isolate molecular markers, microRNAs, other small and long non-coding RNAs, and gene families speci ﬁ c to this plant. Finally, a strategy for the utilization of third (next to next) generation sequencing to explore the seabuckthorn transcriptome is also discussed. The current chapter could serve as a good reference for transcriptome studies in seabuck-thorn and other related plant species.
Subsurface Imaging of Complex Structures by Reflection Seismic Data

Conventional imaging algorithms based on the Kirchhoff integral have difficulty producing interpretable images when irregularly shaped bodies, such as salt domes or basalt flows, with fast acoustic propagation velocities are present in the overburden. In these cases, imaging methods based on wavefield continuation of the recorded data produce clearer images than Kirchhoff methods. We present the general concepts behind some of the new wavefield-continuation methods that are capable of imaging 3-D prestack data at an acceptable computational cost. We note however, that the most challenging aspect of seismic imaging below complex overburden is not the focusing of the data, but the estimation of the background velocity function. We therefore introduce the concept of the Angle-Domain Common Image Gather (ADCIG), which provides the essential methodology for updating the velocity function from the migrated images. The ADCIG concept is not restricted to one type of migration method, and can be readily adapted to all the known methods for wavefield-continuation migration. A real data example from the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico demonstrates the tight link between migration and velocity estimation. When the velocity function is updated by iterative wavefield-continuation migration, the imaging results substantially improve with respect to the image obtained using the starting velocity that was initially estimated using conventional Kirchhoff techniques.
Design of teaching aids in STEAM education and fuzzy hierarchical analysis of their educational effect

Focusing on problem-based learning (PBL) and the multi-disciplinary teaching of science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM), we developed the evaluation tool of teaching aids in STEAM education to help students practice creative thinking and solution-finding. The fuzzy theory and the analytical hierarchy process were integrated for the evaluation of the acceptance of using robots in STEAM education. The fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) was developed with the help of experts in education and industry who defined the goal, criteria, and alternatives (factors) of using teaching aids in STEAM education. FAHP was applied to the evaluation of three robots designed for STEAM education in this study. The result of the evaluation showed that the use of the designed robots in STEAM education was important in five criteria (structure, function, economy, aesthetic, and creativity). Among the alternatives, logic, creativity, simpleness, Avant-garde, and innovation were important for robots to be used for STEAM education. This indicated that artistic elements were important in the integration of them in STEAM education. The developed FAHP and questionnaire were useful in evaluating the acceptance of teaching aids in STEAM education. For the evaluation of the use of other teaching aids, the result of this study provides a basis and a reference for how teaching aids can be used for STEAM education.
The initiation of lightning in thunderclouds: The possible influence of metastable nitrogen and oxygen molecules in initiating lightning streamers

An examination is made of the possible role of metastable molecules of oxygen and nitrogen to contribute to the difference between the observed breakdown field in air of ~25 kV/cm and the electric fields observed in thunderclouds which generally have a maximum of ~3 kV/cm, which suggest much lower breakdown fields. Analysis of steady state equations for electron, ion, and metastable densities indicates that reductions on the order of a factor of 5 are possible in the electric field necessary to sustain a steady state discharge because of (1) electron detachment from negative ions by the oxygen metastable molecules and (2) increased ionization through deexcitation collisions of electrons with metastable nitrogen vibrational states, assuming high vibrational temperatures of the order of the electron temperature. However, solution of the time‐dependent equations for the particle densities indicates that for a uniform discharge, times on the order of 0.1 s are required for the production of sufficient densities of the metastable particles from initial electron densities of ~1011 cm−3. In such times, electron diffusion would have dispersed electrons from any initial narrow electron pulse postulated to be produced by cosmic rays. It is concluded that the role of the metastable molecules, particularly the nitrogen vibrational states, is unlikely to be significant in the initiation of lightning streamers.
Forecasting Intrusion in Critical Power Systems Infrastructure Using Advanced Autoregressive Moving Average (AARMA) Based Intrusion Detection for Efficacious Alert System

: Cyber intrusions into critical infrastructure inflict economic and physical damage. Extensive research is needed to identify and mitigate intrusions in power grid infrastructure. The modern solution is to use a data science time-series approach to identify the intrusion based on the electric grid data collected from the sensors. This paper addresses the new vision of the data science time-series modelling approach to integrate it with the existing power system security system. In this paper, the Advanced Autoregressive Moving Average (AARMA) model is designed to detect the possible intrusion of the given data set. An attack forecast is a model to predict possible cyber intrusions using real-time data input from sensors. By investigating the statistical properties of the sensors’ data set, intrusion detection is possible with a high accuracy of about 90%. Using AARMA, the operators have the benefit of an effective alert system to adjust their configuration and other resource allocation to tackle intrusions with low impact. MATLAB software is used to monitor the IEEE 9-bus and IEEE 33-bus test systems against possible cyber-attacks using the proposed AARMA model.
Climate system transition from glacial to interglacial state around the beginning of the last termination: Evidence from a centennial‐ to millennial‐scale climate rhythm

A periodic variation on a centennial to millennial scale was observed in the manganese and iron contents of Lake Suigetsu sediments in Japan, dating from 19.0 to 5.7 cal. kyr B.P. (calibrated thousand years before present). The increased manganese and iron contents, which mainly indicate the relative abundance of siderite, result from a greater vertical circulation in the lake during a cold period, with a higher mass of manganese and iron oxide being precipitated. The cold periods inferred from the increased manganese and iron contents coincide with the timing of ice‐rafting debris (IRD) events in the North Atlantic, which span from the last termination to the Holocene, suggesting that the climate shift was hemispheric or probably global in nature. The manganese variation resembles the residual atmospheric 14C production (Δ14C) data of the Holocene that reflect variation in solar activity, and its periodicities correspond with those of solar‐related climate changes from paleoproxy records in the North Atlantic and East Asia from the last cold stage to the Holocene. In particular, the Mn variation was larger in amplitude and shorter in timescale during the last cold stage when compared with those during the last termination and the Holocene, thereby possibly showing a significant difference in climate response to solar irradiance. The transition of the climate system from a glacial to an interglacial state corresponds to the beginning of the last termination.
Integrated analysis of magnetic, paleomagnetic and K‐Ar data in a tectonic complex region: An example from the Sea of Galilee

Sea of Galilee (Lake Kinneret) is located in northern Israel in the area of complex tectonic setting where the Dead Sea Transform crosscuts other fault systems. Practical absence of wells in the sea hinders geological‐geophysical data interpretation. Map of the total magnetic field shows an intricate pattern of the magnetic field distribution caused by a combined influence of the basalt flows of various age and magnetization in and around the sea. The identified magnetic anomalies were analyzed using methods of quantitative interpretation specially developed for complex geological conditions. The paleomagnetic stratigraphy of basalt associations around the Sea of Galilee basin proved to be correlated with the paleomagnetic zones in the sea. For the first time was developed the detailed magnetic‐paleomagnetic scheme with K‐Ar dating unmasking structure of magnetic anomalies in the sea and coordinating the revealed peculiarities with the surrounding anomalies.
INCORPORATING

: Order release is a key component of Workload Control - a production planning and control system that aims at balancing workloads across workstations, while ensuring the timely release of jobs (or orders) to the shop floor in order to meet due dates. Several release methods have been proposed and evaluated in the WLC literature. A major criterion to distinguish between release methods is whether they take the release decision at periodic time intervals or continuously. This paper aims at improving WLC order release by incorporating a starvation avoidance trigger into continuous release. Using simulation, we demonstrate that significant performance improvements in terms of mean tardiness and standard deviation of lateness can be obtained. These results are expected to have important implications for industrial practice and for future research on WLC.
Incorporating user search behaviour into relevance feedback

In this paper we present five user experiments on incorporating behavioural information into the relevance feedback process. In particular we concentrate on ranking terms for query expansion and selecting new terms to add to the users query. Our experiments are an attempt to widen the evidence used for relevance feedback from simply the relevant documents to include information on how users are searching. We show that this information can lead to more successful relevance feedback techniques. We also show that the presentation of relevance feedback to the user is important in the success of relevance feedback.
Estimation of Global Solar Radiation in Onitsha and Calabar Using Empirical Models

Understanding solar radiation data is essential for modelling solar energy systems. The purpose of the present study was to estimate global solar radiation on horizontal surface using meteorological parameters for a period of eleven years (1996 "“ 2006). Monthly average global solar radiation, H has been estimated for Onitsha and Calabar, Nigeria using predicting models generated by simple linear and multiple regression analyses. The models included a one variable model with relative humidity as the independent variable and two three-variable models correlating H with relative humidity and each of average temperature, cloudiness index and number of sunshine hours. The values of the global solar radiation estimated by the models and the measured solar radiation were tested using the mean bias error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean percentage error (MPE) statiscal techniques. The values of the correlation coefficient (CC) were also determined for each model. The model that indicate a good agreement between the measured and estimated values for Onitsha and Calabar are and respectively. The developed models can be used for estimating global solar radiation in Onitsha and Calabar and other locations with similar climatic factors.
Supplementary materials for ”Uncertainty-Aware Unsupervised Image Deblurring with Deep Residual Prior”

• Network structures. In Section 4.2, we compared the customized U-Net with FCN and the standard U-Net in estimating the residual induced by the kernel error. U-Net and FCN are widely used in deep learning methods [2, 13]. The customized U-Net replaces the sigmoid activation with a soft-shrinkage activation. The sigmoid which easily causes gradient vanishing problem and is more computationally extensive, which is verified in WGAN [1]. The FCN has a hidden layer of 200 nodes and an input/output layer of nodes with the same size of the input image.
Estimation of individual growth of the violet oyster Chama coralloides (Bivalvia: Chamidae) using Schnute model cases.

: Chama coralloides Reeve, 1846 is a commercially important mollusk in Acapulco, Mexico. There is currently no fisheries regulation or protection. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to estimate the growth parameters of C. coralloides using the Schnute model cases. Shell length data collected from March 2019 to December 2021 were used. A multinomial analysis was performed to determine the modal groups monthly. Using the mean lengths of each modal group, a modal progression was performed to define the time increments ∆ t , which were taken as equivalent representations of the data from direct age estimation methods (mark-recapture). These data were used to estimate the individual growth parameters using the five cases of the Schnute model and to define the case that best describes the growth. 2804 organisms were analyzed, with lengths ranging from 7.61 to 116.30 mm SL. Multinomial analysis showed one to four modal groups per month and 14 cohorts were identified. The best-fit case was case 5 ( wi = 0.72) with an L ∞ = 114.2 mm, followed by case 1 (wi = 0.28) with an L ∞ = 109.8 mm. Both cases (5 and 1) were modeled and because the best model did not reach 90%, a mean model was estimated. C. coralloides presented a type of asymptotic growth, with an estimated L ∞ that can be reached nearly 22 years.
SAR Imaging and Interferometry Using Parameters Estimated from Raw Data

Due to the costs, sensitivity, and export policies of many governments, universities, and research institutions, particularly in developing countries, the ability to purchase, install and maintain high-accuracy inertial navigation system (INS) and global positioning system (GPS) is restricted. This paper presents a new method for SAR imaging and interferometry using parameters estimated from raw data. First, methods for determining the order of real and imaginary parts within the raw data images, and for determining chirp rate polarity are proposed. Second, a selection of parameters, including the forward effective velocities of the sensor, the near range distance, and the squint angle, are extracted using the Doppler centroid and Doppler rate. Finally, we create single look complex (SLC) images, coherence maps, digital elevation models (DEMs), and dual-pass differential unwrapped phase maps. The level of accuracy shown in this comparative study suggests that the proposed method is acceptable for creating the featured SAR products and is suitable for real world applications. This method and result is particularly relevant for systems which suffer from a lack of high-accuracy positional metadata.
Runoff trends in Sweden 1807–2002 / Tendances de l’écoulement en Suède entre 1807 et 2002

Abstract Abstract Time series of annual runoff volumes and annual and seasonal flood peaks in Sweden were analysed. The study included a total of 61 discharge series, with emphasis on the period 1901–2002. Three wet decades stand out in the 20th century: the 1920s, 1980s and 1990s, with a runoff anomaly of +8%. The 1970s were very dry. In a short perspective, both runoff volumes and flood magnitude increased substantially between 1970 and 2002, but similar conditions were experienced in the 1920s. The linear regression line for the average runoff from all of Sweden increased by 5% over the past century, but the trend was not statistically significant. The runoff in the 19th century was in fact even higher than in recent decades, although temperatures were lower. Flood levels increased slightly more than annual runoff volumes in northern Sweden. However, flood peaks in old data are probably underestimated. The largest increase was consequently found in less reliable data series. It is therefore difficult to conclude that flood levels are actually increasing.