Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular risk factors and health behaviours in elementary school-age Inuvialuit and Gwich'in children.

OBJECTIVES To determine cardiovascular risk factors and health behaviours in Aboriginal children from the Beaufort-Delta region (Northwest Territories). METHODS A total of 91 elementary school-age children underwent a cross-sectional assessment of body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure and aerobic fitness. Healthy living knowledge and behaviours, including frequency of self-reported physical activity (PA) and dietary intake, were also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 49.5% of children were obese/overweight and 31.9% had elevated blood pressure. The percentages having one, two or three cardiovascular risk factor(s) were 64.4%, 42.2% and 15.6%, respectively, with no significant difference between boys and girls. Overall, the students obtained higher mean scores in the areas of healthy PA, body image, self-esteem and nutritious beverage knowledge (89%, 85%, 79% and 71% of the maximum scores, respectively). The lowest scores were in nutritious food consumption and healthy PA frequency (46% and 56% of the maximum scores, respectively). On average, children consumed 2.7 L of sugar-sweetened beverages weekly and <2 servings of fruits or vegetables daily. Children spent approximately 2 h per day watching television, playing games or using a computer. CONCLUSION There is an urgent need for community-based approaches to address the high rates of obesity and related cardiovascular risk factors among these Aboriginal children. Given the disconnect between healthy living knowledge and behaviour, it is important that future treatment programs address other barriers faced by Aboriginal populations living in rural and remote regions, including the high cost and limited access to high-quality nutritious foods and beverages, and limited access to indoor recreational programs over the long winter season.
Submicroscopic structure of rabbit cornea studied by polarization optics and thermoelasticity.

The present investigation was undertak en to obtain some knowledge about the submicroscopic structure of the cornea based on thermoelastic properties and polarization characteristics. Previous workers b have reported that the cornea exhibits a birefringence of uniaxial type. But as their observations were made in parallel polarized light only, it is desirable to make conoscopic observation as well in convergent polarized light. The general appearance of the cornea between crossed nicols is such that the birefringent elements are predominantly arranged in a radial manner, although no anatomical evidence of such a radial arrangement has been reported. In the present investigation, isolated whole corneas were examined from the direction normal to the surface. In parallel polarized light, the corneal fibers were ascertained to be arranged radially. In convergent polarized light, a biaxial interference figure was obtained in place of a uniaxial one. The cornea consists chiefly of collagen, which is composed, like that elsewhere in the body, of long chain molecules, some of them aggregated together to form micelles (5 per cent. of the corneal substances, Naylor 1953 (3) ). Consequently, birefringence may be considered as due to only a small proportion of the corneal substances. As the second approach to the problem, the fine structure of the cornea was analysed from the point of view of its mechanical behavior. The analysis of thermoelastic properties has, in particular, been quite successfuLin a number of cases.c In the present work, the last method was applied to the study of the cornea, and the molecular interpretation led to the conclusion that the cornea is composed of many layers of two-dimensional networks of long chain molecules. Further, it was shown that the temporary impairment of transparency due to an applied pressure to the cornea may be considered as a sort of crystallization.
Chromosomal aberrations in human neuroblastomas

Six human neuroblastomas were analyzed by Giemsa and fluorescence banding techniques to identify chromosomal aberrations. Two neuroblastomas were primary tumors from untreated children, and four were cell lines established from human neuroblastomas. Five of the six tumors studied were diploid or near diploid; one was near tetraploid. A 1p‐‐‐ was found in three of the neuroblastomas examined. The 1p‐‐‐ was present in both primary tumors, and in one it was the only abnormality detected. This deletion was also found in the cells of an established line, in addition to other abnormalities. Giant markers of different origins were found in the four cell lines, and no double‐minute chromosomes were found in the primaries or the cell lines studied. Thus, a 1 p‐ deletion was the most consistent abnormality found in the six human neuroblastomas examined in this study. We attempt to correlate this finding with Knudson's hypothesis on the origin of childhood cancer. Additional studies of primary tumors should clarify whether this specific chromosomal abnormality is related to the acquisition of malignant behavior in human neuroblastomas.
Carotenoids Extraction from Japanese Persimmon (Hachiya-kaki) Peels by Supercritical CO_2 with Ethanol

The extraction of carotenoids from Japanese persimmon peels by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), of which the solvent was CO_2, was performed. In order to enhance the yield and selectivity of the extraction, some portion of ethanol (5–20 mol%) was added as an entrainer. The extraction temperature ranged from 313 to 353 K and the pressure was 30 MPa. The effect of temperature on the extraction yield of carotenoids was investigated at 10 mol% of the ethanol concentration in the extraction solvent, and a suitable temperature was found to be 333 K among the temperatures studied with respect to the carotenoid yield. With increasing the entrainer amount from 0 to 10 mol% at a constant temperature (333 K), the carotenoid yield in the extraction was improved, whereas the selectivity of the extracted carotenoids was drastically depressed. We also conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses for the carotenoid components in the extract by HPLC, and analyzed the extraction behavior of each individual carotenoid ( α -carotene, β -carotene, β -cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin). The selectivity of each carotenoid changed with the elapsed time and its time evolution was dependent on the carotenoid component, indicating that the location profile and the content can be important factors to understand the SFE behavior of each carotenoid in persimmon peels.
Peptidoglycolipid nature of the superficial cell wall sheath of smooth-colony-forming mycobacteria

The most superficial cell wall layer present in smooth-colony-forming mycobacteria was isolated from serovar 20 of the Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare-Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (MAIS) serocomplex and examined chemically and by electron microscopy. Most (70 to 80%) of the fibrillar material consisted of an array of serologically active, acetylated C-myosidic peptidoglycoplipids with the basic structure (formula, see text) but in which the location of acetyl groups and the arrangement of monosaccharides have not been defined. Apparently, all serovars within the MAIS complex are characterized by structurally related superficies in which the monoglycosyl-lipopeptide portion is invariable but the oligosaccharide attachment is peculiar to each serovar. These unique inert structures may be an important factor in shielding the pathogen within phagolysosomes from lysosomal enzymes.
Title: Clinical perspective of Anxiety Disorders in Korea

s | 23 forced swimming test, and antidepressant effects were attenuated by local injection of NBQX into the mPFC, indicating that both an mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist and ketamine exert the effects through AMPA receptor stimulation in the mPFC. In addition, we found that depletion of serotonin blocked antidepressant effects induced by local injection of LY341495 or ketamine into the mPFC. We also found that both compounds increased the c-Fos expression in the serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), which was blocked by local injection of NBQX into the mPFC, suggesting that both compounds may activate subsets of serotonin neurons in the DRN regulated by AMPA receptor stimulation in the mPFC. These studies revealed that mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists exhibited similar antidepressant profiles with ketamine in animal models in that they exerted rapid and sustained effects and were effective in animal models refractory to current medications. Moreover, mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists may share mechanisms underlying antidepressant effects with ketamine at both synaptic and neural levels. Therefore, mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists may be useful as an alternative approach to treating patients with TRD. Other agents including GLYX-13 and GluN2B antagonists which could be alternatives to ketamine will also be briefly discussed. CP02: Anxiety Title: Clinical perspective of Anxiety Disorders in Korea Speaker 1: Dan Stein, South Africa Speaker 2: Kang-Seob Oh, Republic of Korea Abstract Since 21st century, anxiety disorders(Generalized Anxiety disorder, Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety disorder) are no more ignorant in Korea. Many studies including epidemiologic, clinical characteristic, and treatment studies of anxiety disorders were published in Korea. In this session, the speaker will present about prevalence rate of anxiety disorders, clinical characteristics of anxiety disorders, and treatment results studies of anxiety disorders in Korea. The speaker will also introduce some treatment guidelines of anxiety disorders in Korea.Since 21st century, anxiety disorders(Generalized Anxiety disorder, Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety disorder) are no more ignorant in Korea. Many studies including epidemiologic, clinical characteristic, and treatment studies of anxiety disorders were published in Korea. In this session, the speaker will present about prevalence rate of anxiety disorders, clinical characteristics of anxiety disorders, and treatment results studies of anxiety disorders in Korea. The speaker will also introduce some treatment guidelines of anxiety disorders in Korea.
Effect of Concurrent Partnerships and Sex-Act Rate on Gonorrhea Prevalence

The disease gonorrhea (GC) is a major public health problem in the United States, and the dynamics of the spread of GC through popula tions are complicated and not well understood. Studies have drawn attention to the effect of concurrent sexual partnerships as an influen tial factor for determining disease prevalence. However, little has been done to date to quantify the combined effects of concurrency and within-partnership sex-act rates on the prevalence of GC. This simulation study examines this issue with a simplified model of GC transmission in closed human populations that include concurrent partnerships. Two models of within-partnership sex-act rate are compared; one is a fixed sex-act rate per partnership, and the other is perhaps more realistic in that the rate depends on the number of concurrent partners. After controlling for total number of sex acts, pseudo-equilibrium prevalence is higher with the fixed sex-act rate than under the concurrency-adjusted rate in all the modeled partnership formation conditions.
Sleep Deprivation and Error in Nurses who Work the Night Shift

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sleep deprivation and occupational and patient care errors among staff nurses who work the night shift. BACKGROUND: Whereas the aviation and trucking industries report that sleep deprivation increases errors, few studies have examined sleep deprivation association with occupational and patient care errors among nurses. METHODS: A cross-sectional correlational design was used to evaluate relationships between sleep deprivation and occupational and patient care errors in 289 hospital night shift nurses. RESULTS: More than half (56%) of the sample reported being sleep deprived. Sleep-deprived nurses made more patient care errors. Testing for associations with occupational errors was not feasible because of the low number of occupational errors reported. CONCLUSION: Interventions to increase the quality and quantity of sleep among hospital night shift nurses are needed. Improved sleep among night shift nurses will reduce the impact of sleep deprivation on patient care errors.
CpG-DNA-Mediated Transient Lymphadenopathy Is Associated with a State of Th1 Predisposition to Antigen-Driven Responses1

Infections can influence concurrent and subsequent Th1 vs Th2 immune responses to Ags. Through pattern recognition of foreign unmethylated CpG dinucleotides, the vertebrate innate immune system can sense infectious danger and typically replies with a Th1-polarized adaptive immune response. We examined whether CpG-DNA exposure would influence subsequent responses to infection and soluble Ags. CpG-DNA injection led to local lymphadenopathy characterized by maintenance of cellular composition with some biasing toward elevated dendritic cell composition. Sustained local production of IL-12 and IFN-γ from dendritic cells and T cells was shown. Prior injection by up to 2 wk with CpG-DNA protected BALB/c mice from Th2 driven lethal leishmaniasis. CpG-DNA injection by up to 5 wk before soluble Ag challenge resulted in the generation of Ag-specific CTL, Th1 recall responses to Ag, and Th1-polarized Ag-specific Abs. Thus, CpG-DNA instigated a local predisposition for intense CTL responses and Th1-polarized immune responses to subsequent infections or Ag challenge. The induction by the innate immune system of a locally contained hypersensitivity could represent a capacitating immune reaction yielding rapid conditioned responses to secondary infections.
Heart Rate Variability in Depressed Patients and Differential Effects of Paroxetine and Amitriptyline on Cardiovascular Autonomic Functions

Twenty-four unmedicated patients with episodes of major depression (DSM-III-R) and an age- and sex-matched group of 24 normal subjects underwent a heart rate analysis. The battery of cardiovascular reflex tests included the coefficient of variation while resting (CVr) and during deep breathing (CVdr), a spectral analysis of heart rate variability, the Valsalva test, and the posture index. The depressed patients showed no significant abnormalities in any of the tests as compared to the healthy subjects. The 24 patients were randomly allocated for treatment with either amitriptyline or paroxetine. During treatment with 20 mg paroxetine per day, patients showed no changes in cardiovascular autonomic function tests after 14 days. However, treatment with 150 mg amitriptyline per day decreased all heart rate parameters significantly due to anticholinergic side effects, except heart rate, which increased significantly. As autonomic side effects are a potential hazard of antidepressant therapy, the data suggest that paroxetine is an appropriate antidepressant for cases with pre-existing cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.
Limited literacy and mortality in the elderly

BACKGROUND: While limited literacy is common and its prevalence increases with age, no prospective study has assessed whether limited literacy is associated with mortality in older adults.OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of limited literacy with mortality.DESIGN AND SETTING: Five-year prospective study from 1999 to 2004 of community-dwelling elders from Memphis, TN, and Pittsburgh, PA, who were from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. Subjects’ literacy was assessed with the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine. Scores were categorzied into limited (0 to 8th grade reading level) or adequate literacy (≥9th grade reading level). PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand five hundred and twelve black and white elders without baseline functional difficulties or dementia.MEASUREMENTS: Time to death.RESULTS: Participants’ mean age was 75.6 years, 48% were male, 38% were black, and 24% had limited literacy; the median follow-up time was 4.2 years. Compared with those with adequate literacy, those with limited literacy had a higher risk of death (19.7% vs 10.6%) with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.03 (95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.62 to 2.55). After adjusting for demographics and socioeconomic status, co-morbid conditions, self-rated health status, health-related behaviors, health care access measures, and psychosocial status, limited literacy remained independently associated with mortality (HR 1.75; 95% CI, 1.27 to 2.41). CONCLUSIONS: Limited literacy is independently associated with a nearly 2-fold increase in mortality in the elderly. Given the growth of the aging population and the prevalence of chronic diseases, the mechanisms by which limited literacy is associated with mortality in the elderly warrant further investigation.
The development of a new type of compound peristaltic micropump

Microfluid devices have increasing application as analytical systems, biomedical devices, tools for chemistry and biochemistry. Micropump as the carrier of micro-fluidic has attracted more and more attention. In this paper, we propose a new prototype model of a peristaltic micropump using SMA (Shape Memory Alloy) spring actuator as the servo actuator. We simulated the fashion of intestines peristalsis and realized a kind of peristaltic micopump that driving internally. At the same time we introduced the concept of compound output and proposed a kind of compound peristaltic micropump that the mixed liquid flow can be controlled. This paper describes the new structure and the motion mechanism of the micropump and discusses the possibility of the micropump. The flow characteristic of the micropump is measured. The experimental results indicate that the micropump has the satisfactory responses, it is able to make a microflow and the flow proportion can be controlled. This micropump can be applied widely in biomedical applications.
Effect of methionine hydroxy analog on growth amino acid content, and catabolic products of glucolytic rumen bacteria in vitro.

Abstract Glucose was fermented by rumen bacteria utilizing urea for nitrogen with or without methionine hydroxy analog. The analog in excess of the bacterial requirement did not support additional growth after exhaustion of glucose. This indicated that growth stimulation by methionine hydroxy analog was not due to it as a source of energy. Its maximum effect on growth was at . 2mg/ml of medium. The free acid and calcium salt of methionine hydroxy analog and DL-methionine exhibited equivalent stimulation on bacteria. They disappeared from the medium in similar quantities at the time of accelerated growth. The analog had no effect on amino acid composition of bacterial protein. Some changes in amino acid composition during growth on glucose substrate indicated a shift in bacterial species. No methionine was in the cell-free medium. In a medium buffered at pH 6.9, lactate was the principal product of glucose fermentation. It increased at a rapid rate during the first 8h during which acetate decreased proportionately on a molar percent basis. Bacteria grown with glucose retained from 50 to 65% of their initial cellulolytic capacity.
Correction for Interference by Test Samples in High-Throughput Assays

In high-throughput biochemical assays performed in multiwell plates, the effect of test samples on the activity of the biochemical system is usually measured by optical means such as absorbance, fluorescence, luminescence, or scintillation counting. The test sample often causes detection interference when it remains in the well during the measurement. Interference may be due to light absorption, fluorescence quenching, sample fluorescence, chemical interaction of the sample with a detection reagent, or depression of the meniscus. A simple method is described that corrects for such interference well by well. The interference is measured in a separate artifact assay plate. An appropriate arithmetic correction is then applied to the measurement in the corresponding well of the activity assay plate. The correction procedure can be used for single-point screening or potency measurements on serial dilutions of test samples.
LIMA : A Multilingual Framework for Linguistic Analysis and Linguistic Resources Development and Evaluation

The increasing amount of available textual information makes necessary the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools. These tools have to be used on large collections of documents in different languages. But NLP is a complex task that relies on many processes and resources. As a consequence, NLP tools must be both configurable and efficient: specific software architectures must be designed for this purpose. We present in this paper the LIMA multilingual analysis platform, developed at CEA LIST. This configurable platform has been designed to develop NLP based industrial applications while keeping enough flexibility to integrate various processes and resources. This design makes LIMA a linguistic analyzer that can handle languages as different as French, English, German, Arabic or Chinese. Beyond its architecture principles and its capabilities as a linguistic analyzer, LIMA also offers a set of tools dedicated to the test and the evaluation of linguistic modules and to the production and the management of new linguistic resources.
The Large Subunit of the Mammalian Mitochondrial Ribosome

Identification of all the protein components of the large subunit (39 S) of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome has been achieved by carrying out proteolytic digestions of whole 39 S subunits followed by analysis of the resultant peptides by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Peptide sequence information was used to search the human EST data bases and complete coding sequences were assembled. The human mitochondrial 39 S subunit has 48 distinct proteins. Twenty eight of these are homologs of the Escherichia coli 50 S ribosomal proteins L1, L2, L3, L4, L7/L12, L9, L10, L11, L13, L14, L15, L16, L17, L18, L19, L20, L21, L22, L23, L24, L27, L28, L30, L32, L33, L34, L35, and L36. Almost all of these proteins have homologs in Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial ribosomes. No mitochondrial homologs to prokaryotic ribosomal proteins L5, L6, L25, L29, and L31 could be found either in the peptides obtained or by analysis of the available data bases. The remaining 20 proteins present in the 39 S subunits are specific to mitochondrial ribosomes. Proteins in this group have no apparent homologs in bacterial, chloroplast, archaebacterial, or cytosolic ribosomes. All but two of the proteins has a clear homolog in D. melanogaster while all can be found in the genome of C. elegans. Ten of the 20 mitochondrial specific 39 S proteins have homologs in S. cerevisiae. Homologs of 2 of these new classes of ribosomal proteins could be identified in theArabidopsis thaliana genome.