Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the trade-off between control performance and communication cost for event-triggered control over lossy networks

This paper develops a theoretical framework for quantifying the trade-off between communication cost and control performance in event-triggered control over lossy networks. We consider a system where the communication between the controller and actuator is dictated by a threshold-based event-triggering algorithm, and develop a Markov-chain model that describes the attempted and successful transmissions of control messages over the lossy communication channel. A feature of our model is that it considers retransmissions of unsuccessful messages and that it accounts for the delay associated with such retransmissions. A systematic framework for analyzing the trade-off between the communication rate and control performance and for optimal tuning of the event threshold emanates by combining this model with an analytical model of the closed-loop performance. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Adaptive Interaction Fault Location Based on Combinatorial Testing

Combinatorial testing aims to detect interaction faults, which are triggered by interaction among parameters in system, by covering some specific combinations of parametric values. Most works about combinatorial testing focus on detecting such interaction faults rather than locating them. Based on the model of interaction fault schema, in which the interaction fault is described as a minimum fault schema and several corresponding parent-schemas, we propose an iterative adaptive interaction fault location technique for combinatorial testing. In order to locate interaction faults that detected in combinatorial testing, such technique utilizes delta debugging strategy to filtrate suspicious schemas by generating and running additional test cases iteratively. The properties, which include both recall and precision, of adaptive interaction fault location techniques are also analyzed in this paper. Analytical results suggest that the high scores in both recall and precision are guaranteed. It means that such technique can provide an efficient guidance for the applications of combinatorial testing.
Spatial resolution of 1D image-based barcode reading : an information theoretical approach

We evaluate in this paper the minimal bar width required to recover the binary information of a barcode captured by a linear camera. After estimating the average mutual information of a 1D image-based system we show that this barcode resolution can easily be derived from the signal to noise ratio. By placing the study within the field of information theory, average mutual information defines a novel performance criterion which supplements classical optical criteria as it links the minimal barcode density to the amount of effectively recoverable bits.
Perspectives on framing

G. Keren, On the Definition and Possible Underpinnings of Framing Effects: A Brief Review and a Critical Evaluation. S. Sher, C.R. M. McKenzie, Levels of Information: A Framing Hierarchy. D. Soman, H.K. Ahn, Mental Accounting and Individual Welfare. C. Janiszewski, Too Many Views to Capture: Reference Set Effects in Human Judgment. L.M. Moxey, Mechanisms Underlying Linguistic Framing Effects. D.J. Hilton, Linguistic Polarity, Outcome Framing, and the Structure of Decision-Making: A Pragmatic Approach. Y. Schul, Alive or Not Dead: Implications for Framing From Research on Negations. M. Wanke, L. Reutner, Direction-of-Comparison Effects: How and Why Comparing Apples with Oranges is Different from Comparing Oranges With Apples. K.H. Teigen, When Frames Meet Realities: On the Perceived Correctness of Inaccurate Estimates. E.R. Igou, The When and Why of Risky Choice Framing Effects: A Constructive Processing Perspective. S. Moran, I. Ritov, Valence Framings in Negotiations. A.J. Rothman, J.A. Updegraff, Specifying When and How Gain- and Loss-framed Messages Motivate Healthy Behavior: An Integrated Approach. J.N. Druckman, What's It All About? Framing in Political Science. W.B. de Bruin, Framing Effects in Surveys: How Respondents Make Sense of the Questions We Ask.
Using Zooming Applications for Mobile Devices

Although mobile devices, cellular phones, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and other handheld devices have hardware constraints such as small screen, small storage, low CPU speed, and low resolution, their popularity has been enormously increasing. This is enhancing the opportunities for researchers to overcome those open problems caused of small size hardware constraints. However, still the biggest difficulty is that these devices are too difficult to load today’s visual information because most current information is based on a large visual documentation. How do we present information effectively on mobile devices? This is a main challenge for mobile interface developers since viewing is becoming more and more crucial point in our daily lives. One of the methods is to build a Zoomable User Interfaces (ZUIs) by using several zooming tools so that the amount of information, which needs to be handled by users, can be shown on a small screen unlimitedly. Smooth zooming technology helps users to interact with their sense of the focus-and-context by shifting the cognitive load to the human visual system, and it can provide a possible solution that satisfies the above demands by means of increasing the effectiveness for using the small screen. Thus supporting zooming tools on mobile devices is a necessary item with enabling users to effectively control the zooming methods. The goal of this paper is to increase the performance of user interfaces by developing zooming tools on mobile devices. Three zooming approaches will be introduced in this paper. First, focus zooming tools, which consists of the magnifying glass that was introduced from a “Bifocal Display” (Apperley, Tzavaras, and Spence, 1982), the gray scaling and blurring lens that was introduced from a “Focus+Context Visualization” (Giller, Tscheligim, Schrammel, Frohlich, and Rabl, 2001), will be proposed. Second, file zooming tools including zoom-in and zoom-out functions to enlarge or reduce data and images based on the geometric zooming technology will be proposed. Finally, search zooming tools, which have two functions support a popup zooming and a shadow zooming functions to assist user easy to control for seeing many files on the device, will be introduced. Furthermore, the paper addresses a new usability testing method which combines heuristic, scenarios, and questionnaire approaches in order to effectively take experimental results from users. Its testing methods and procedures will be introduced by conducting usability test with user.
Implementation of Real-Time Motion Detecting Algorithm Based on DSP

An intelligent monitoring system was designed, which based on DM642 as the hardware platform, video capture, output circuit and Ethernet interface circuit are included. An improved three frame differencing is applied in video moving target detection. In this method, variation trend of video adjacent frame difference is used as the basis of video motion detecting alarm. Moving target will be extracted by image morphology method after it entered monitoring area, less main memory resource is occupied, and execution speed is sped up. The experimental result of moving target monitoring in the snowy day is showed, and it proved not only the alarm accuracy was improved, the disturb such as snowflakes, shaking leaves, variable lighting and so on were also avoided effectively.
The double paging anomaly

Belady's paging anomaly has illustrated that certain page replacement algorithms can cause more page faults as the size of memory increases. Mattson has shown that there exists a class of algorithms called stack algorithms (such as LRU least recently used) which cannot cause more page faults as memory size increases. In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of double-paging, i.e., running a paged operating system, e.g., IBM's OS/VS2, under a paged virtual machine monitor, e.g., VM/370. In particular, we show that an increase in the size of the memory of the virtual machine without a corresponding increase in its real memory size can lead to a significant increase in the amount of paging, even for the LRU algorithm.
Robust OFDM Timing Synchronisation in Multipath Channels

This paper addresses pre-FFT synchronisation for orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) under varying multipath conditions. To ensure the most efficient data transmission possible, there should be no constraints on how much of the cyclic prefix (CP) is occupied by intersymbol interference (ISI). Here a solution for timing synchronisation is proposed, that is, robust even when the strongest multipath components are delayed relative to the first arriving paths. In this situation, existing methods perform poorly, whereas the solution proposed uses the derivative of the correlation function and is less sensitive to the channel impulse response. In this paper, synchronisation of a DVB single-frequency network is investigated. A refinement is proposed that uses heuristic rules based on the maxima of the correlation and derivative functions to further reduce the estimate variance. The technique has relevance to broadcast, OFDMA, and WLAN applications, and simulations are presented which compare the method with existing approaches.
Weighted graph based decision tree optimization for high accuracy acoustic modeling

In this paper, a novel weighted graph based decision tree optimization algorithm is proposed. The graph is a compact representation of most possible solutions for the decision tree based classifications. The optimal decision tree is then be extracted from it using the N-level prediction technique. The prediction technique can incorporate future knowledge about classifications based on the tree and make the current decision on the best question more accurate when tree splitting. Tied triphones based on this method are more accurate than those using popular tree growing method from a point view of maximum likelihood. This approach provides a flexible structure to optimize the decision tree. Our experimental results show that higher performance is obtained with different level predictions.
Path Planning Efficiency Maximization for Ball-Picking Robot Using Machine Learning Algorithm

This paper aims to find a ball-picking optimal path and drives the robots to collect all the tennis in the shortest time, according to the optimal path. Thus, the work to be completed for us includes: establish agent model for robot working environment in tennis yard, analyze the advantage and shortcoming of ACO and provide an improved ACO. Our scheme improves the pheromone updating strategy. The global and local updates are integrated to strength the pheromone strength of optimal ant. Then we add the crossover and mutation operation of GA to speed the convergence of algorithm. By the simulation results analysis we find that the improved ACO has stronger optimizing ability and stability, which further improves the performance of ball-picking path.
Virtual direction multicast: an efficient overlay tree construction algorithm

In this paper, we propose virtual direction multicast (VDM) for video multicast applications on peer-to-peer overlay networks. It locates the end hosts relative to each other based on a virtualized orientation scheme using real-time measurements. It builds multicast tree by connecting the nodes, which are estimated to be in the same virtual direction. By using the concept of directionality, we target to use minimal resources in the underlying network while satisfying users' quality expectations. We compare VDM against host multicast tree protocol.We simulated the protocol in a network simulator and implemented in PlanetLab. Results both fromsimulation and PlanetLab implementation show that our proposed technique exhibits good performance in terms of defined metrics.
Sobel Edge Detection Algorithm

Edge detection is in the forefront of image processing for object detection, it is crucial to have a good understanding of edge detection algorithms. Sobel which is a popular edge detection algorithm is considered in this work. There exists a function, edge.m which is in the image toolbox. In the edge function, the Sobel method uses the derivative approximation to find edges. Therefore, it returns edges at those points where the gradient of the considered image is maximum. The Sobel operator performs a 2-D spatial gradient measurement on images. It uses a pair of horizontal and vertical gradient matrices whose dimensions are 3×3 for edge detection operations. It will also demonstrate how to build a Sobel detector function of 5 ×5 dimension in matlab to find edges.
Undoing exclusions/expanding inclusion: Conceptualizing spaces for gendered learning and citizenship constructions in Myanmar’s transition

Abstract Education sites, particularly in situations of conflict and transition, can play multiple and changing roles, including validating reproductions of state-sanctioned citizenship along exclusive strata, or conversely presenting alternative models of more inclusive citizenship. This article seeks to explore the dynamics and contributions of differing education practices within the context of Myanmar, with a focus on the ways such practices and the emerging presentations are gendered. Drawing on Deleuze and Guattari’s notions of striated and smooth spaces, I highlight the differing dimensions of Myanmar’s education environments that reveal alternate practices of learning. In so doing, I draw on examples of practices in non-formal education to highlight how smooth learning dynamics may provide opportunities to undo the fixity of hierarchies currently reproduced in state schooling and allow for greater opportunity for young women in particular to contest subordination.
A Hardware Wrapper for the SHA-3 Hash Algorithms

The second round of the NIST public competition is underway to find a new hash algorithm(s) for inclusion in the NIST Secure Hash Standard (SHA-3). Computational efficiency of the algorithms in hardware is to be addressed during the second round of the contest. For software implementations NIST specifies an application programming interface (API) along with reference implementation for each of the designs, thereby enabling quick and easy comparison and testing on software platforms, however no such specification was given for hardware analysis. In this paper we present a hardware wrapper interface which attempts to encompass all the competition entries (and indeed, hash algorithms in general) across any number of both FPGA and ASIC hardware platforms. This interface comprises communications and padding, and attempts to standardise the hashing algorithms to allow accurate and fair area, timing and power measurement between the different designs.
Predicting the Important Enzymes in Human Breast Milk Digestion

Human milk is known to contain several proteases, but little is known about whether these enzymes are active, which proteins they cleave, and their relative contribution to milk protein digestion in vivo. This study analyzed the mass spectrometry-identified protein fragments found in pooled human milk by comparing their cleavage sites with the enzyme specificity patterns of an array of enzymes. The results indicate that several enzymes are actively taking part in the digestion of human milk proteins within the mammary gland, including plasmin and/or trypsin, elastase, cathepsin D, pepsin, chymotrypsin, a glutamyl endopeptidase-like enzyme, and proline endopeptidase. Two proteins were most affected by enzyme hydrolysis: β-casein and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor. In contrast, other highly abundant milk proteins such as α-lactalbumin and lactoferrin appear to have undergone no proteolytic cleavage. A peptide sequence containing a known antimicrobial peptide is released in breast milk by elastase and cathepsin D.
Apical meristems: the plant's fountain of youth.

During postembryonic development, all organs of a plant are ultimately derived from a few pluripotent stem cells found in specialized structures called apical meristems. Here we discuss our current knowledge about the regulation of plant stem cells and their environments with main emphasis on the shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana. Recent studies suggest that stem cells are localized in specialized niches where signals from surrounding cells maintain their undifferentiated state. In the shoot meristem, initiation of stem cells during embryogenesis, regulation of stem-cell homeostasis and termination of stem-cell maintenance during flower development appear to primarily involve regulation of the stem-cell niche.
Enhancing acoustic models for robust speaker verification

Acoustic model enhancement (AME) refers to adapting the acoustic models to compensate for the distortion induced by a speech enhancement technique. This work extends the AME technique for speaker verification recently presented by incorporating the corresponding adaptation of the model variances, and by exploring the trade off between noise over-estimation and flooring distortion in the verification error. By using spectral subtraction (SS) as the speech enhancement technique, the extended AME highly outperformed SS alone particularly at moderately low SNRs (0 dB - 15 dB), where the adaptation of the variance was found to considerably improve the equal error rate (EER).
Managing adaptation : linking theory and practice

Acknowledgements This document pulls together information from many sources and has been influenced by input and ideas from the whole of UKCIP. It consequently reflects many conversations held with the wider stakeholder community with whom UKCIP works. It is difficult to pick out particular individuals but Laurie Newton, The views expressed in this document are those of the author and contributors, and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). 3 Managing adaptation: linking theory and practice Index Preface 4 1. Introduction 7 1.1 The need for supplementary guidance 9 1.1.1 The changing context 10 1.1. 2 The importance of scoping & objective setting 10 2. 4 Managing adaptation: linking theory and practice Preface Eight years have passed since UKCIP's Risk and Uncertainty in Decision-making Framework was published. In the intervening years, the risk framework has proved highly influential within the UK and international impacts and adaptation communities, forming the methodological basis of the first ever National Climate Change Risk Assessment in the UK (CCRA) and being reflected in the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Stern Review, Australian Greenhouse Office and others. In that time the adaptation agenda has also become increasingly prominent and the rate of development in adaptation thinking has increased rapidly. 5 Managing adaptation: linking theory and practice Risk based approaches to climate adaptation are now widely embraced in the UK and abroad, making UKCIP's Risk Framework more relevant than ever. In order to realise its full potential as a decision support tool there is a need to reflect on, and to incorporate, UKCIP's experience in applying the framework since 2003. In particular, we recognise a need to provide organisations with better guidance on how to initiate their assessments in a way that will enable them to go beyond raising awareness, to undertaking assessments that will lead to the implementation of practical adaptation actions and decisions. This guidance aims to address that need by discussing key issues that should be considered when making the transition from awareness to action. It is aimed specifically at those undertaking a systematic climate change risk based assessment as part of an adaptation work programme and emphasises, in particular, the importance of the scoping phase of assessment. We have found that some of the most important and difficult decisions and judgements in adaptation planning are made during the scoping phase, and …
Structural basis for suppression of hypernegative DNA supercoiling by E. coli topoisomerase I

Escherichia coli topoisomerase I has an essential function in preventing hypernegative supercoiling of DNA. A full length structure of E. coli topoisomerase I reported here shows how the C-terminal domains bind single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) to recognize the accumulation of negative supercoils in duplex DNA. These C-terminal domains of E. coli topoisomerase I are known to interact with RNA polymerase, and two flexible linkers within the C-terminal domains may assist in the movement of the ssDNA for the rapid removal of transcription driven negative supercoils. The structure has also unveiled for the first time how the 4-Cys zinc ribbon domain and zinc ribbon-like domain bind ssDNA with primarily π-stacking interactions. This novel structure, in combination with new biochemical data, provides important insights into the mechanism of genome regulation by type IA topoisomerases that is essential for life, as well as the structures of homologous type IA TOP3α and TOP3β from higher eukaryotes that also have multiple 4-Cys zinc ribbon domains required for their physiological functions.
A comparative study of non linear system models

This paper proposes the design and the acomparative study of two non linear system models, the Volterra model and the RKHS model. The complexity reduction of both models is studied. The normal versions of these models as well as the reduced ones are compared in simulation for different non linearities and on a physical process and the results were successful.
Diurnal cycles of embolism formation and repair in petioles of grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Chasselas)

The impact of water deficit on stomatal conductance (gs), petiole hydraulic conductance (Kpetiole), and vulnerability to cavitation (PLC, percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity) in leaf petioles has been observed on field-grown vines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chasselas). Petioles were highly vulnerable to cavitation, with a 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity at a stem xylem water potential (Ψx) of –0.95 MPa, and up to 90% loss of conductivity at a Ψx of –1.5 MPa. Kpetiole described a daily cycle, decreasing during the day as water stress and evapotranspiration increased, then rising again in the early evening up to the previous morning's Kpetiole levels. In water-stressed vines, PLC increased sharply during the daytime and reached maximum values (70–90%) in the middle of the afternoon. Embolism repair occurred in petioles from the end of the day through the night. Indeed, PLC decreased in darkness in water-stressed vines. PLC variation in irrigated plants showed the same tendency, but with a smaller amplitude. The Chasselas cultivar appears to develop hydraulic segmentation, in which petiole cavitation plays an important role as a ‘hydraulic fuse’, thereby limiting leaf transpiration and the propagation of embolism and preserving the integrity of other organs (shoots and roots) during water stress. In the present study, progressive stomatal closure responded to a decrease in Kpetiole and an increase in cavitation events. Almost total closure of stomata (90%) was measured when PLC in petioles reached >90%.
Evaluation of pseudo-haptic feedback for simulating torque: a comparison between isometric and elastic input devices

In this work, we investigate whether pseudo-haptic feedback is suitable for simulating torque feedback. Pseudo-haptic feedback is based on the coupling of visual feedback and the internal resistance of an input device which passively reacts to the user's applied force. An experiment was conducted to evaluate this feedback and compare isometric and elastic input devices. It involved compliance discrimination between real torsion springs and pseudo-haptic simulated torsion springs. Results show that torque haptic feedback was successfully simulated, with a difference in performance between device types. The elastic device yielded better resolution but higher subjective distortion of perception compared to the isometric device. Results are discussed on the basis of user answers, answer time, and applied torque.