Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ReviewStop and Go Traffic to Tune T Cell

1971). The details of the in vivo search process have been examined only recently, but some insights into New York University School of Medicine 540 First Avenue antigen-specific T cell-APC interactions have been generated by in vitro studies. New York, New York 10021 In vitro antigen-specific T cell-APC interactions were observed as early as the 1970s when in vitro antigen-specific T cell systems were first emerging and in early studies of T cells interacting with dendritic cells (Inaba Adaptive immune responses are initiated by interactions of T cells with antigen-presenting cells, but the and Steinman, 1986; Lipsky and Rosenthal, 1975). The duration of these interactions varies with the function. basic nature of these interactions during an immune response in vivo has been a matter of speculation. While Effector cells can execute functions rapidly and may only require a few minutes, whereas naive T cells require some in vitro systems provide evidence for stable interactions , referred to as immunological synapses, several hours of interaction with antigen-presenting cells to induce proliferation and cytokine production compelling evidence supports T cell activation through serial transient interactions. Deep tissue intravital and (Iezzi et al., 1998; van Stipdonk et al., 2003). It has been demonstrated that sustained TCR signaling is needed organ culture microscopy studies suggest that both modes of interaction are employed, but new issues to induce rearrangement of chromatin required for cyto-kine gene expression, at least in the case of induction have emerged. This review will discuss in vitro results that framed the hypotheses that are currently being of Th2 effector T cells from naive T cells (Iezzi et al., 1999). These studies were performed under conditions tested in vivo. I present a model in which TCR stop signals compete with chemokine-mediated go signals where the T cells were in continuous contact with anti-gen but did not examine the nature of this interaction, to adjust the duration of immunological synapse formation and tune the immune response between toler-whether the T cells stayed in place or migrated rapidly over the surface, or if they interacted in phases that ance and full activation. mixed these modes of interaction over the critical time period. In this review I will summarize the in vitro results that framed the question for recent in vivo observations, Introduction The interaction of T cells with antigen-presenting cells discuss the initial results from in vivo imaging of T cell-APC interactions, and then …
Robust adaptive fuzzy sliding mode synchronous control for a planar redundantly actuated parallel manipulator

Redundantly actuated parallel mechanisms could modify the deficiency of full parallel mechanisms. To achieve better trajectory tracking, a new sliding mode synchronous control with fuzzy inference mechanism is proposed. Based on Kane equation, a planar 2-DOF redundantly actuated parallel mechanism's dynamics model is formulated and detailed. With trajectory contour error, the synchronization error is defined and the sliding surface is determined. For parameters in switching surface, a fuzzy inference mechanism is used to find optimal values. After dynamic equation linearization, a robust adaptive fuzzy sliding mode synchronous controller is designed with a stability analysis. Matlab simulation results show that the proposed controller can be able to achieve better trajectory tracking compared with general computed torque controller.
The Heisenberg Measuring Uncertainty in Lightweight Virtualization Testbeds

The need for large-scale experimentation testbeds involving several hundred, or even thousands, of nodes is undeniable. Testbeds including Emulab [10], and Deter [5] are heavily used for both research and application testing. To scale even further and shed some of the limitations that the relative small number of physical nodes impose, researchers have turned to full virtualization [8] and lightweight, container-based virtualization [16, 10]. Virtualization allows running multiple virtual execution environments (VEEs) per physical host. n this paper, we evaluate the use of hundreds of lightweight containers as a testbed to measure the performance of simple applications. We show that, although economically and technically compelling, virtualization has some limitations due the sharing of host resources (CPU, network, memory and disk) among samehost VEEs. Determining the number of VEEs that can be deployed in a physical machine without interfering with the fidelity of the experiment is not a trivial task and it cannot be estimated or computed ahead of time using aggregate utilization of individual resource. Furthermore, monitoring the health of an experiment by measuring the individual resource utilization can affect the behavior of the service under test. Therefore, we observed what we call a "weak" form of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle for host resource measurements: increasing the precision and fidelity of the resource measurements can interfere with the behavior of the experiment. We believe that this observation holds in general but it becomes more pronounced when we instantiate hundreds of VEEs due to the necessary context switching.
Stellar Archaeology: A Keck Pilot Program on Extremely Metal-poor Stars from the Hamburg/ESO Survey. II. Abundance Analysis

We present a detailed abundance analysis of eight stars selected as extremely metal-poor candidates from the Hamburg/ESO Survey (HES). For comparison, we have also analyzed three extremely metal-poor candidates from the HK survey, and three additional bright metal-poor stars. With this work, we have doubled the number of extremely metal-poor stars ([Fe/H] ≤ 3.0 dex) with high-precision abundance analyses. Based on this analysis, our sample of extremely metal-poor candidates from the HES contains three stars with [Fe/H] ≤ -3.0 dex, three more with [Fe/H] ≤ -2.8 dex, and two stars that are only slightly more metal-rich. Thus, the chain of procedures that led to the selection of these stars from the HES successfully provides a high fraction of extremely metal-poor stars. We verify that our choices for stellar parameters, derived in Paper I and independently of the high-dispersion spectroscopic analysis, lead to acceptable ionization and excitation balances for Fe. Substantial non-LTE effects in Fe appear to be ruled out by the above agreement, even at these extremely low metallicities. For the α-elements Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti, the light element Al, the iron-peak elements Sc, Cr, and Mn, and the neutron-capture elements Sr and Ba, we find trends in abundance ratios [X/Fe] similar to those found by previous investigations. These trends appear to be identical for giants and for dwarfs. However, the scatter in most of these ratios, even at [Fe/H] ≤ -3.0 dex, is surprisingly small. Only Sr and Ba, among the elements we examined, show scatter larger than the expected errors. Future work (the "0Z Project") will provide much stronger constraints on the scatter (or lack thereof) in elemental abundances for a substantially greater number of stars. We discuss the implications of these results for the early chemical evolution of the Galaxy, including such issues as the number of contributing supernovae and the sizes of typical protogalactic fragments in which they were born. In addition, we have identified a very metal-poor star in our sample that appears to represent the result of the s-process chain, operating in a very metal-poor environment, and exhibits extremely enhanced C, Ba, and Pb and somewhat enhanced Sr.
Static balancer for the rectilinear motion

This paper presents static balancers for a rectilinear motion using springs. A slider-crank mechanism is adopted as a base mechanism and is considered as a two-link and two-dof (degree of freedom) manipulator with an external load at the end-effector. The design of a gravity compensator is considered as mapping unit spring balancers to the slider-crank mechanism. The kinematic synthesis method on the basis of the space mapping is applied to design gravity compensators and a gravity compensator with two unit spring balancers (or gravity compensators) is obtained. One unit spring balancer is located at the base and the other spring balancer is equipped at a parallelogram.
Genome-Wide Transcriptional Response During the Development of Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Pulmonary fibrosis is a common consequence of many lung diseases and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The molecular mechanisms underlying the development of pulmonary fibrosis remain poorly understood. One model used successfully to study pulmonary fibrosis over the past few decades is the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. We aimed to identify the genes associated with fibrogenesis using an Affymetrix GeneChip system in a bleomycin-induced rat model for pulmonary fibrosis. To confirm fibrosis development, several analyses were performed, including cellular evaluations using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, measurement of lactate dehydrogenase activity, and histopathological examinations. Common aspects of pulmonary fibrosis such as prolonged inflammation, immune cell infiltration, emergence of fibroblasts, and deposition of extracellular matrix and connective tissue elements were observed. Global gene expression analysis revealed significantly altered expression of genes (≥ 1.5-fold, p < 0.05.) in a time-dependent manner during the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Our results are consistent with previous results of well-documented gene expression. Interestingly, the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 ( Trem2 ), secreted phosphoprotein 1 ( Spp1 ), and several proteases such as Tpsab1, Mcpt1 , and Cma1 was considerably induced in the lung after bleomycin treatment, despite little evidence that they are involved in pulmonary fibrogenesis. These data will aid in our understanding of fibrogenic mechanisms and contribute to the identification of candidate biomarkers of fibrotic disease development.
Household and Status in Formative Central Mexico: Domestic Structures, Assemblages, and Practices at La Laguna, Tlaxcala

Abstract Two Terminal Formative (ca. 100 B. C.–A.D. 100) domestic areas of La Laguna, Tlaxcala, are compared to examine variability in residential structures, assemblages, and practices, and their correlation to status differences at this midsize regional center during the period of initial central Mexican urbanization and state formation. Combining multiple lines of evidence, the study assesses the applicability of previous frameworks for investigating household status to this particular community. It demonstrates significant differences between elite and commoner residences in architectural elaboration, labor mobilization, access to certain foreign goods, and particular ritual practices, but general similarities in domestic economies and more restrained differentiation informs of personal adornment and domestic ritual. These conclusions are consistent with demarcated lineage ranking but relatively minor wealth accumulation by a more rural elite located peripherally to larger cities and polities.
Player Skill Decomposition in Multiplayer Online Battle Arenas

Successful analysis of player skills in video games has important impacts on the process of enhancing player experience without undermining their continuous skill development. Moreover, player skill analysis becomes more intriguing in team-based video games because such form of study can help discover useful factors in effective team formation. In this paper, we consider the problem of skill decomposition in MOBA (MultiPlayer Online Battle Arena) games, with the goal to understand what player skill factors are essential for the outcome of a game match. To understand the construct of MOBA player skills, we utilize various skill-based predictive models to decompose player skills into interpretative parts, the impact of which are assessed in statistical terms. We apply this analysis approach on two widely known MOBAs, namely League of Legends (LoL) and Defense of the Ancients 2 (DOTA2). The finding is that base skills of in-game avatars, base skills of players, and players' champion-specific skills are three prominent skill components influencing LoL's match outcomes, while those of DOTA2 are mainly impacted by in-game avatars' base skills but not much by the other two.
A Survey on the Feasibility of Sound Classification on Wireless Sensor Nodes

Wireless sensor networks are suitable to gain context awareness for indoor environments. As sound waves form a rich source of context information, equipping the nodes with microphones can be of great benefit. The algorithms to extract features from sound waves are often highly computationally intensive. This can be problematic as wireless nodes are usually restricted in resources. In order to be able to make a proper decision about which features to use, we survey how sound is used in the literature for global sound classification, age and gender classification, emotion recognition, person verification and identification and indoor and outdoor environmental sound classification. The results of the surveyed algorithms are compared with respect to accuracy and computational load. The accuracies are taken from the surveyed papers; the computational loads are determined by benchmarking the algorithms on an actual sensor node. We conclude that for indoor context awareness, the low-cost algorithms for feature extraction perform equally well as the more computationally-intensive variants. As the feature extraction still requires a large amount of processing time, we present four possible strategies to deal with this problem.
It’s the Centre-Periphery, Stupid! Cooperation Patterns in the Council of Ministers after Enlargement. EIPA Working Paper 2011/W/02, 2011

Cooperation patterns in the Council of Ministers have featured particular characteristics over the last decades. Seven years after the 2004 round of enlargement, it is time to readdress the question whether longstanding cooperation patterns have endured and how the new members have fit in the existing structures. Following a comparative case study research design, the current article investigates four negotiations: the 7th Framework Programme, the Services Directive, the Driving Licence Directive and the Working Time Directive. Having conducted 40 semi-structured interviews with national representatives of ten Member States we find that some cooperation patterns, such as the north-south divide, have persisted. More specifically, the results reveal that the overall pattern leans towards a centreperiphery model with the northern Member States as the central actors.
Floor Pressure Imaging for Fall Detection with Fiber-Optic Sensors

Falls are a major health risk for the elderly, decreasing their ability to live independently. This article proposes a novel feature-specific floor pressure imaging system that uses a smart floor embedded with fiber sensors. The potential applications include indoor human-activity analysis for intelligent surveillance. In particular, the authors focus on the application of fall detection in a bathroom scenario. Their fall detection method consists of two steps: floor pressure imaging for target posture classification and the fall event decision based on the classified target postures. Fall detection experiments validated the proposed method. This article is part of a special issue on domestic pervasive computing.
MOTIVASI PEMBELIAN IMPULSIF ONLINE SHOPPING PADA INSTAGRAM (Analisis Deskriptif Motivasi Konsumen Dalam Melakukan Pembelian Online Pada Instagram)

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui motivasi konsumen dalam melakukan aktivitas online shopping yang berdampak langsung terhadap tingginya pembelian impulsif pada instagram. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah mahasiswi dari beragam universitas di Kota Bandung. Peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitiatif guna mendeskripsikan secara menyeluruh dan mendalam mengenai motivasi pembelian impulsif dalam aktivitas online shopping pada instagram. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma konstruktivis dan menggunakan tehnik wawancara mendalam serta observasi dalam proses pengumpulan hasil penelitan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya motif utilitarian atau motif irrasional yang mendominasi argumentasi para informan yang kerap melakukan pembelian impulsif. Karakteristik pribadi yang mempengaruhi adalah umur dan daur hidup, pekerjaan, situasi ekonomi, gaya hidup dan konsep diri. Sedangkan, faktor eksternal yang paling mempengaruhi adalah faktor lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, peneliti menyimpulkan motivasi pembelian impulsif dalam kegiatan online shopping adalah hadirnya hasrat hedonistik, kebutuhan self esteem dan self actualization, persepsi konsumen terhadap pengambilan keputusan dan persepsi konsumen terhadap keputusan. Selain itu, peneliti menemukan keberalihan cara pandang setiap konsumen terhadap suatu produk. Para konsumen tidak hanya melihat dari fungsinya saja sebagai suatu kebutuhan, namun, melihatnya sebagai alat pemenuhan kepuasaan dan pengaktualisasian diri. Kata kunci: motivasi belanja, online shopping, pembelian impulsif, instagram Abstract This study aims to determine the motivation of consumers in conducting online shopping activities that have a direct impact on the high impulsive purchases on Instagram. The sample of this research is a student from various universities in Bandung. Researchers use a descriptive qualitative method to describe thoroughly and deeply about the motivation of impulsive purchases in online shopping activities on Instagram. This research uses constructivist paradigm and uses in-depth interview technique also observation in process of collecting research result.The results showed the existence of utilitarian motives or irrational motives that dominate the argument of informants who often make impulsive purchases. The personal characteristics that affect are age and life cycle, occupation, economic situation, lifestyle, and self-concept. Meanwhile, the most influencing external factors are environmental factors. Therefore, the researcher concludes impulsive buying motivation in online shopping activity is the presence of hedonistic desire, self-esteem requirement, and self actualization, consumer perception toward decision making and consumer perception to a decision. In addition, researchers found in the way consumers perceive a product. Consumers 2 not only see from function only as needs, however, see it as a means of fulfillment of satisfaction and self-actualization. Keywords: shopping motivation, online shopping, impulse buying, Instagram
INVESTMENT FINANCE AND MONETARY POLICY IN EUROPE

This paper assesses the different investment responses to monetary policy and external financing of firms of different sizes in the main EMU member economies. The finding that smaller firms are more sensitive to tight monetary policy is confirmed by analysis of the determinants of their cost of capital. Further regression analysis (using a panel of balance sheet data) shows that the level of investment is highly dependent on the net sources of finance. Greater reliance on internal funds reduces investment for all sizes of firms, while long-term debt is more important for small and medium than large firms, but equity is more important for medium and large firms than for small. Cobham (2004) identified a shift in long-term debt financing towards large firms, but the results here suggest that the benefits of this are likely to be minimal while the costs in foregone investment could be substantial. JEL Classification: G31, G32, L16.
BAYESIAN INVERSE PROBLEMS WITH GAUSSIAN PRIORS

The posterior distribution in a nonparametric inverse problem is shown to contract to the true parameter at a rate that depends on the smoothness of the parameter, and the smoothness and scale of the prior. Correct combinations of these characteristics lead to the minimax rate. The frequentist coverage of credible sets is shown to depend on the combination of prior and true parameter, with smoother priors leading to zero coverage and rougher priors to conservative coverage. In the latter case credible sets are of the correct order of magnitude. The results are numerically illustrated by the problem of recovering a function from observation of a noisy version of its primitive.
Gynaecologic surgery from uncertainty to science: evolution of randomized control trials.

BACKGROUND It is now accepted that both medical and surgical practice should be based on reliable and sound clinical evidence. However, randomized control trials comparing surgical interventions have been associated with many problems. The aim of this review is to assess if there has been progress made in establishing the evidence base for surgical interventions in gynaecology. METHODS Relevant reviews were identified from Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Issue , 2006) and data from individual randomized control trials extracted. Chi-squared test was used to compare quality pre- and post-Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement. Meta-regression analyses were performed to test the hypothesis that effect size decreased over time. Further multiple linear regression analyses were used to test the hypothesis that precision increased over time and finally a logistic regression model was used to estimate whether treatment effects differed between trials with and without allocation concealment. RESULTS Twenty-three relevant reviews were identified, including 94 trials. The proportion of studies reporting allocation concealment significantly increased after the introduction of the CONSORT statement (P = 0.002). There was a trend towards improvement in precision over time. Similarly, there was a reduction in size of treatment effect over time (log of the ratio of odds ratios per year 0.96; 95% confidence interval 0.93-0.99, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Gynaecologic surgical practice appears to be benefiting from improvement in its research base in a subject where practitioners do not participate readily in randomized evaluation.
DUAL TREE COMPLEX WAVELET TRANSFORM BASED HUMAN OBJECT CLASSIFICATION USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE

Recent researches in computer vision system are focused on classification of object, in which human object classification is a crucial problem, where we classify human objects in real scene. The primary goal of this paper is to classify the object into two classes – human and nonhuman. The proposed method is based on Dual tree complex wavelet transform coefficients as a feature set of object. We have chosen Dual tree complex wavelet transform due to its better edge representation and shift-invariant property as compared to real valued wavelet transform. We have used support vector machine (SVM) as a classifier for classification of objects. The proposed method has been tested on standard dataset like INRIA person dataset. Quantitative experimental results show that the proposed method gives better performance in comparison to other state-of-the-art methods.
Iterative Phase Estimation for the Synthesis of Separated Sources From Single-Channel Mixtures

In this letter, we propose a novel method of refining the time-domain synthesis of individual source estimates from a single channel mixture. Employing a closed-loop architecture, the algorithm refines the synthesis of each source by iteratively estimating the phase of the sources, given the estimates of the source magnitude spectra and a single channel time-domain mixture. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated for harmonic musical mixtures, and considerable improvements to the synthesized estimates are obtained relative to phase binary masking, given accurate source magnitude spectra.