Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dissociation between electrical and mechanical responses to nitrergic stimulation in the canine gastric fundus

1 We examined the relationships between membrane potential, intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i), and tension in muscles of the canine gastric fundus in response to nitrergic stimulation by NO donors and electrical field stimulation (EFS) of intrinsic enteric inhibitory neurons when adrenergic and cholinergic responses were blocked. 2 NO donors reduced [Ca2+]i and tension in a concentration‐dependent manner. A close relationship was noted between these parameters. 3 In terms of the [Ca2+]vs. force relationship, relaxation responses to EFS differed from responses to NO donors. EFS resulted in smaller decreases in [Ca2+]i to produce a given relaxation compared with responses to NO donors. Thus, muscles stimulated with EFS were less sensitive to [Ca2+]i than muscles stimulated with exogenous NO. 4 When membrane potential, [Ca2+]i and tension were monitored simultaneously in the same muscles, a temporal dissociation was noted between the electrical responses and changes in [Ca2+]i and tension. Brief electrical responses were associated with more sustained changes in [Ca2+]i and tension. 5 Further dissociation between electrical and mechanical effects was noted. Changes in [Ca2+]i and tension caused by sodium nitroprusside and EFS were blocked by arginine analogues and by oxyhaemoglobin, but electrical responses were unaffected. 1H‐[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3‐a]quinoxalin‐1‐one (ODQ), an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase, also blocked the effects of nitrergic stimulation on [Ca2+]i and tension, without affecting hyperpolarization. Thus, in the presence of continued hyperpolarization, the reductions in [Ca2+]i and tension caused by nitrergic stimulation were blocked. 6 Block of hyperpolarization in response to nitrergic stimulation with tetrapentylammonium chloride (TPEA) had relatively little effect on the [Ca2+]i and tension responses. Thus, hyperpolarization is not required for nitrergic effects on [Ca2+]i and tension. 7 In summary, reduction in [Ca2+]i and tension in response to nitrergic stimulation of the canine gastric fundus does not depend upon electrical hyperpolarization. Non‐electrical mechanisms such as enhanced uptake of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum or reduction in the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus may be the primary mechanisms mediating nitrergic responses in these muscles.
Applying Grounded Theory to a Qualitative Study of CIO Interactions with External Peer Networks

Interactions with external peers have been identified in the Information Systems (IS) management literature as being one of the most influential sources of contact for the Chief Information Officer (CIO), supporting them in their role as the most senior IS executive in the organisation. Today, due to the strategic importance of IS to the operations and competitive position of many organisations, the CIO often operates as a key member of the top management team. At the centre of this role, the literature suggests, is the ability of the CIO to identify relevant strategic IS knowledge in the external technological marketplace, via their external boundary spanning activities, that can impact the organisation’s strategic positioning and overall success. However, whilst the IS management literature identifies interactions with external peers as being one of the most influential sources of contact available to CIOs, it fails to identify why they are such an important support to the CIO, or for that matter, how CIOs actually interact with such external peers. Similarly, a review of the wider management literature, whilst confirming the reasons why top management executives, such as the CIO, favour interactions with external peers, it again fails to clarify how such executives, in fact, actually interact with external peers, via contacts in external networks. Consequently, this has led to a clear gap in our knowledge and understanding relating to one of the key activities of the modern day CIO. For that reason, this research study set out to explore how CIOs, in fact, interact with external peers via network connections. As no previous theory existed, the Grounded Theory (GT) methodology was adopted, within an interpretivist perspective, to develop new theory. The research setting chosen was the Irish Private Sector, with a specific focus on organisations in the finance, hi-tech, telecoms, and airline industries. The purpose of this chapter is to draw into sharp focus the nature of GT as applied in this study, rather than the findings from the study itself, and to consider the use of appropriate technology tools to support this application. Brian Davis Trinity College Dublin, Ireland Joe McDonagh Trinity College Dublin, Ireland DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-6493-7.ch017
Early superego development: the emergence of shame and narcissistic affect regulation in the practicing period

This paper on developmental superego psychology traces the emergence and functional onset of shame, an inhibitor of hyper-aroused states, in the early separation— individuation phase, specifically from practicing through the beginning of rapprochement (12 to 18 months). A prototypical model of shame is proposed in which the emerging self, in a hyper stimulated, grandiose, narcissistically charged state of heightened arousal, exhibits itself during a reunion with the caregiver. Despite an excited anticipation of a shared affect state with the mother the infant unexpectedly experiences a misattunement, thereby triggering a sudden shock-induced
Reduced healthcare utilization following successful hepatitis C virus treatment in HIV‐co‐infected patients with mild liver disease

New direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have achieved high cure rates in many patient groups previously considered difficult‐to‐treat, including those HIV/HCV co‐infected. The high price of these medications is likely to limit access to treatment, at least in the short term. Early treatment priority is likely to be given to those with advanced disease, but a more detailed understanding of the potential benefits in treating those with mild disease is needed. We hypothesized that successful HCV treatment within a co‐infected population with mild liver disease would lead to a reduction in the use and costs of healthcare services in the 5 years following treatment completion. We performed a retrospective cohort study of HIV/HCV‐co‐infected patients without evidence of fibrosis/cirrhosis who received a course of HCV therapy between 2004 and 2013. Detailed analysis of healthcare utilization up to 5 years following treatment for each patient using clinical and electronic records was used to estimate healthcare costs. Sixty‐three patients were investigated, of whom 48 of 63 (76.2%) achieved sustained virological response 12 weeks following completion of therapy (SVR12). Individuals achieving SVR12 incurred lower health utilization costs (£5000 per‐patient) compared to (£10 775 per‐patient) non‐SVR patients in the 5 years after treatment. Healthcare utilization rates and costs in the immediate 5 years following treatment were significantly higher in co‐infected patients with mild disease that failed to achieve SVR12. These data suggest additional value to achieving cure beyond the prevention of complications of disease.
Mind wandering while reading: Theoretical assumptions and factors

人们在阅读时,思维有时会游离到所读内容之外,此时人们的目光虽然还在沿着所读材料移动,但认知加工却游离到一些与任务无关的内容上,这就是所谓阅读中的＂心不在焉＂。 本文总结归纳了阅读中＂心不在焉＂的三个主要理论假设：执行控制理论、控制失败假说和注意解离假说。 分析了阅读中＂心不在焉＂的三种影响因素：第一,阅读方式,即被试采取朗读或默读的阅读方式以及阅读时是否有时间限制等;第二,阅读材料,即材料难度、阅读兴趣与词汇特征;第三,被试的年龄、元觉察能力和工作记忆容量。 最后提出了一些目前阅读中的＂心不在焉＂研究中存在的问题和未来可能的研究方向,为后续的研究提供一定的启发和借鉴。
SRC3 Phosphorylation at Serine 543 Is a Positive Independent Prognostic Factor in ER-Positive Breast Cancer

Purpose: The steroid receptor coactivator SRC3 is essential for the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptor α (ERα). SRC3 is sufficient to cause mammary tumorigenesis, and has also been implicated in endocrine resistance. SRC3 is posttranslationally modified by phosphorylation, but these events have not been investigated with regard to functionality or disease association. Here, we investigate the spatial selectivity of SRC3-pS543/DNA binding over the human genome and its expression in primary human breast cancer in relation with outcome. Experimental Design: Chromatin immunoprecipitation, coupled with sequencing, was used to determine the chromatin binding patterns of SRC3-pS543 in the breast cancer cell line MCF7 and two untreated primary breast cancers. IHC was used to assess the expression of SRC3 and SRC3-pS543 in 1,650 primary breast cancers. The relationship between the expression of SRC3 and SRC3-pS543, disease-free survival (DFS), and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) was assessed. Results: Although total SRC3 is selectively found at enhancer regions, SRC3-pS543 is recruited to promoters of ERα responsive genes, both in the MCF7 cell line and primary breast tumor specimens. SRC3-pS543 was associated with both improved DFS (P = 0.003) and BCSS (P = 0.001) in tamoxifen untreated high-risk patients, such a correlation was not seen in tamoxifen-treated cases, the interaction was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed SRC3-pS543 to be an independent prognostic factor. Conclusions: Phosphorylation of SRC3 at S543 affects its genomic interactions on a genome-wide level, where SRC3-pS543 is selectively recruited to promoters of ERα-responsive genes. SRC3-pS543 is a prognostic marker, and a predictive marker of response to endocrine therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(2); 479–91. ©2015 AACR.
Ieee/acm Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics 1 Acc-motif: Accelerated Network Motif Detection

—Network motif algorithms have been a topic of research mainly after the 2002-seminal paper from Milo et al. [1], which provided motifs as a way to uncover the basic building blocks of most networks. Motifs have been mainly applied in Bioinformatics, regarding gene regulation networks. Motif detection is based on induced subgraph counting. This paper proposes an algorithm to count subgraphs of size k + 2 based on the set of induced subgraphs of size k. The general technique was applied to detect 3, 4 and 5-sized motifs in directed graphs. Such algorithms have time complexity O(a(G)m), O(m 2) and O(nm 2), respectively, where a(G) is the arboricity of G(V, E). The computational experiments in public datasets show that the proposed technique was one order of magnitude faster than Kavosh and FANMOD. When compared to NetMODE, acc-Motif had a slightly improved performance.
Quantification and characterization of aortic cholesterol in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet

Determination of fat percentage of aortic intimal area stained by Sudan III is useful as an index of atherosclerosis in the rabbit animal model. However, the determination of sudanophilic area of the thoracic aorta is two-dimensional and does not measure the third dimension of depth. The objective of the present study was to quantify and characterize aortic lipids using the gas–liquid chromatographic (GLC) technique and to determine whether elevated measurements of total cholesterol and cholesteryl esters was correlated with increased measurements of sudanophilic area staining of the thoracic aorta in rabbits given either a normal chow or a 1% cholesterol diet. The GLC results showed that there was a mean accumulation of 10.9 mg of cholesterol per gram of aortic tissue in the rabbits given a cholesterol diet (mean sudanophilic area of 23.8%). In contrast, rabbits on a normal chow diet had only a deposition of 0.58 mg of cholesterol per gram of the aortic tissue diet (mean sudanophilic area of 1.4%). The present study suggests that quantification of the aortic lipids can be performed by using GLC techniques and that it could be used as an alternative to the measurement of sudanophilic area when assessing the severity of atherosclerosis.
Use of mariner transposases for one-step delivery and integration of DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes by transfection

Abstract Delivery of DNA to cells and its subsequent integration into the host genome is a fundamental task in molecular biology, biotechnology and gene therapy. Here we describe an IP-free one-step method that enables stable genome integration into either prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. A synthetic mariner transposon is generated by flanking a DNA sequence with short inverted repeats. When purified recombinant Mos1 or Mboumar-9 transposase is co-transfected with transposon-containing plasmid DNA, it penetrates prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells and integrates the target DNA into the genome. In vivo integrations by purified transposase can be achieved by electroporation, chemical transfection or Lipofection of the transposase:DNA mixture, in contrast to other published transposon-based protocols which require electroporation or microinjection. As in other transposome systems, no helper plasmids are required since transposases are not expressed inside the host cells, thus leading to generation of stable cell lines. Since it does not require electroporation or microinjection, this tool has the potential to be applied for automated high-throughput creation of libraries of random integrants for purposes including gene knock-out libraries, screening for optimal integration positions or safe genome locations in different organisms, selection of the highest production of valuable compounds for biotechnology, and sequencing.
Analysis of Tryptophanase Operon Expression in Vitro

Expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon in Escherichia coli is regulated by catabolite repression and tryptophan-induced transcription antitermination. The key feature of this antitermination mechanism has been shown to be the retention of uncleaved TnaC-peptidyl-tRNA in the translating ribosome. This ribosome remains stalled at the tna stop codon and blocks the access of Rho factor to the tnatranscript, thereby preventing transcription termination. In normal S-30 preparations, synthesis of a TnaC peptide containing arginine instead of tryptophan at position 12 (Arg12-TnaC) was shown to be insensitive to added tryptophan, i.e.Arg12-TnaC-peptidyl-tRNA was cleaved, and there was normal Rho-dependent transcription termination. When the S-30 extract used was depleted of release factor 2, Arg12-TnaC-tRNAPro was accumulated in the absence or presence of added tryptophan. Under these conditions the accumulation of Arg12-TnaC-tRNAPro prevented Rho-dependent transcription termination, mimicking normal induction. Using a minimal in vitro transcription system consisting of a tna template, RNA polymerase, and Rho, it was shown that RNA sequences immediately adjacent to thetnaC stop codon, the presumed boxA andrut sites, contributed most significantly to Rho-dependent termination. The tna boxA-like sequence appeared to serve as a segment of the Rho “entry” site, despite its likeness to the boxA element.
New Cell Surface Protein Involved in Biofilm Formation by Streptococcus parasanguinis

ABSTRACT Dental biofilm formation is critical for maintaining the healthy microbial ecology of the oral cavity. Streptococci are predominant bacterial species in the oral cavity and play important roles in the initiation of plaque formation. In this study, we identified a new cell surface protein, BapA1, from Streptococcus parasanguinis FW213 and determined that BapA1 is critical for biofilm formation. Sequence analysis revealed that BapA1 possesses a typical cell wall-sorting signal for cell surface-anchored proteins from Gram-positive bacteria. No functional orthologue was reported in other streptococci. BapA1 possesses nine putative pilin isopeptide linker domains which are crucial for pilus assembly in a number of Gram-positive bacteria. Deletion of the 3′ portion of bapA1 generated a mutant that lacks surface-anchored BapA1 and abolishes formation of short fibrils on the cell surface. The mutant failed to form biofilms and exhibited reduced adherence to an in vitro tooth model. The BapA1 deficiency also inhibited bacterial autoaggregation. The N-terminal muramidase-released-protein-like domain mediated BapA1-BapA1 interactions, suggesting that BapA1-mediated cell-cell interactions are important for bacterial autoaggregation and biofilm formation. Furthermore, the BapA1-mediated bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation are independent of a fimbria-associated serine-rich repeat adhesin, Fap1, demonstrating that BapA1 is a new streptococcal adhesin.
Origins, elements, and functions of therapeutic empathy.

: Tracing the roots of empathy (within human history) descriptively to aesthetics and psychologically to the earliest mother-infant interactions, it is proposed that the ontogenesis and employment of mature empathy require repeated flexible--and, if necessary, sustained-access to its primitive levels, levels especially important to the analyst in the understanding of severely disturbed patients. Narcissistic disturbance in the analyst, while occasionally accompanied by a beneficial hypertrophy of primitive empathic capacities, tends to be particularly detrimental to the exercise of mature empathy. Countertransference is considered in this regard and in relation to therapeutic empathy evoked or impeded by unconscious fantasy--the latter proposed to be infrequently, if sometimes necessarily, a central element of therapeutic empathy, which more commonly may function inconspicuously at a preconscious level. In the analytic situation, it is suggested, empathy may often be addressed most usefully to focal conflicts (borrowing French's concept but not his precise definition) via the analyst's partial identification with the patient's self-in-depth, an entity which is acknowledged to be ultimately immeasurable and necessarily mysterious. Several aspects of the therapeutic employment of empathy are examined, including failures of empathy attributable to analyst, patient, or both, for worse and--potentially--for better; the role of empathy and empathic failure(real, imagined, and provoked) in the establishment of archaic negative transferences; and the assessment of abstinence as variable inherent in empathic exploration, with the inference that disciplined employment of empathy, rather than frustration per se, is likeliest to abet a therapeutic regression and to promote an enriching unification of the personality.
Factors influencing the oxygen concentration gradient from the synovial surface of articular cartilage to the cartilage-bone interface: a modeling study.

OBJECTIVE There is very little information on the gradients of oxygen concentration from the synovial surface to the subchondral bone in articular cartilage. Cartilage is usually regarded as hypoxic, even though cellular metabolism is inhibited at low oxygen concentrations. We therefore measured rates of cellular consumption of oxygen and used these rates to calculate oxygen tension profiles across articular cartilage. METHODS The rate of oxygen consumption by bovine articular chondrocytes was measured in vitro, either in intact cartilage slices or in isolated chondrocytes. The oxygen tension profile across articular cartilage was predicted by solving a 1-dimensional reaction-diffusion equation. The effect of synovial fluid oxygen concentration, cell density, cartilage thickness, and influx of oxygen from the subchondral bone on the oxygen profile in the tissue was examined. RESULTS Oxygen consumption rates were relatively independent of oxygen tension at high oxygen tensions (5-21%), where they were approximately 10 nmoles/10(6) cells/hour for both isolated chondrocytes and for cartilage slices. Below 5% oxygen, the rate fell in an oxygen tension-dependent manner. Analysis showed that the oxygen profile across cartilage fell steeply in all but the thinnest cartilage samples but only fell to approximately 1% for low oxygen tensions in synovial fluid, with no supply from the subchondral bone. CONCLUSION The oxygen tension in normal cartilage is not likely to fall to 1% except under abnormal conditions. Oxygen tensions within cartilage are strongly affected by a number of factors, including oxygen concentrations in synovial fluid, cartilage thickness, cell density, and cellular oxygen consumption rates. Supply from the subchondral bone may be of particular importance.
The Role of Phe82 and Phe351 in Auxin-Induced Substrate Perception by TIR1 Ubiquitin Ligase: A Novel Insight from Molecular Dynamics Simulations

It is well known that Auxin plays a key role in controlling many aspects of plant growth and development. Crystal structures of Transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1), a true receptor of auxin, were very recently determined for TIR1 alone and in complexes with auxin and different synthetic analogues and an Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Aux/IAA) substrate peptide. However, the dynamic conformational changes of the key residues of TIR1 that take place during the auxin and substrate perception by TIR1 and the detailed mechanism of these changes are still unclear. In the present study, various computational techniques were integrated to uncover the detailed molecular mechanism of the auxin and Aux/IAA perception process; these simulations included molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on complexes and the free enzyme, the molecular mechanics Poisson Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) calculations, normal mode analysis, and hydrogen bond energy (HBE) calculations. The computational simulation results provided a reasonable explanation for the structure-activity relationships of auxin and its synthetic analogues in view of energy. In addition, a more detailed model for auxin and Aux/IAA perception was also proposed, indicating that Phe82 and Phe351 played a pivotal role in Aux/IAA perception. Upon auxin binding, Phe82 underwent conformational changes to accommodate the subsequent binding of Aux/IAA. As a result, auxin enhances the TIR1-Aux/IAA interactions by acting as a “molecular glue”. Besides, Phe351 acts as a “fastener” to further improve the substrate binding. The structural and mechanistic insights obtained from the present study will provide valuable clues for the future design of promising auxin analogues.
Javanese Language Skill Level of Early Childhood in Term of the Use of Javanese Song

This Study using experimental approach with Static Group Comparison. This study examined the difference of Javanese language skill for early childhood in Pekalongan city by singing method using Javanese songs. The sample of this study is 30 children of ABA Binagriya Kindergarten as experimental group and 30 children of ABA Bendan Kindergarten as control group. The Javanese songs was used with experimental group only. The result of the study were analized using t-test. Independent sample t test used to measure difference level of Javanese language skill. The result of Independent sample t test indicated that t count value is -6,350 and t table is 3,156. The value of –t count < -t table (-6,350 < -3,156. The study indicated that there are significant differences in mean scores of Javanese language skill. How to cite Maulida, F., & Eka, R. (2014). Javanese Language Skill Level of Early Childhood in Term of the Use of Javanese Song. Indonesian Journal Of Early Childhood Education Studies , 3(1), 42-46. doi:10.15294/ijeces.v3i1. 9475