Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical studies of cholecystokininlike peptides and their relation to 5‐HT, CGRP, and bombesin immunoreactivities in the brainstem and spinal cord of lampreys

The distribution of cholecystokinin (CCK)‐like immunoreactivity in the brainstem and spinal cord of lampreys was studied by using CCK antisera with different properties. In the spinal cord, three separate systems reacted with CCK antisera: (1) A ventral and lateral fiber system descending from a group of neurons in the posterior reticular nucleus of the rhombencephalon was labeled by both a C‐terminal‐directed CCK antiserum and a monoclonal CCK antibody. (2) A dorsal root–dorsal column system of fibers originating from cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia was labeled only by the C‐terminal CCK antiserum. This CCK immunoreactivity could be abolished by preabsorption with calcitonin‐gene‐related peptide (CGRP), suggesting that it was due to cross‐reactivity with a CGRP‐like peptide. This system also contained 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT)‐, bombesin‐, and CGRP‐like immunoreactivities. (3) An intraspinal system of 5‐HT neurons was labeled with an antiserum to the midportion of CCK‐33 but not by the other CCK antisera. The CCK labeling of this system was difficult to reduce by preabsorption with CCK peptide and thus appeared to be nonspecific.
Investigation of Various PWM Techniques for Shunt Active Filter

Pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques have been the subject of intensive research for different industrial and power sector applications. A large variety of methods, different in concept and performance, have been newly developed and described. This paper analyzes the comparative merits of Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) techniques and the suitability of these techniques in a Shunt Active Filter (SAF). The objective is to select the scheme that offers effective utilization of DC bus voltage and also harmonic reduction at the input side. The effectiveness of the PWM techniques is tested in the SAF configuration with a non linear load. The performance of the SAF with the SPWM and (SVPWM) techniques are compared with respect to the THD in source current. The study reveals that in the context of closed loop SAF control with the SVPWM technique there is only a minor improvement in THD. The utilization of the DC bus with SVPWM is also not significant compared to that with SPWM because of the non sinusoidal modulating signal from the controller in SAF configuration. Keywords—Voltage source inverter, Shunt active filter, SPWM, SVPWM, Matlab/SIMULINK.
Whose Cortical Column Would that Be?

The cortical column has been an invaluable concept to explain the functional organization of the neocortex. While this idea was born out of experiments that cleverly combined electrophysiological recordings with anatomy, no one has ‘seen’ the anatomy of a column. All we know is that when we record through the cortex of primates, ungulates, and carnivores in a trajectory perpendicular to its surface there is a remarkable constancy in the receptive field properties of the neurons regarding one set of stimulus features. There is no obvious morphological analog for this functional architecture, in fact much of the anatomical data seems to challenge it. Here we describe historically the origins of the concept of the cortical column and the struggles of the pioneers to define the columnar architecture. We suggest that in the concept of a ‘canonical circuit’ we may find the means to reconcile the structure of neocortex with its functional architecture. The canonical microcircuit respects the known connectivity of the neocortex, and it is flexible enough to change transiently the architecture of its network in order to perform the required computations.
Frenulotomy for Breastfeeding Infants With Ankyloglossia: Effect on Milk Removal and Sucking Mechanism as Imaged by Ultrasound

OBJECTIVE. There is evidence that infants with ankyloglossia can experience breastfeeding difficulties including poor attachment to the breast, suboptimal weight gain, and maternal nipple pain, which may lead to early weaning of the infant. No studies have investigated the cause of these breastfeeding difficulties. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of frenulotomy in infants experiencing persistent breastfeeding difficulties despite professional assistance by measuring changes in milk transfer and tongue movement during breastfeeding before and after frenulotomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS. Twenty-four mother-infant dyads (infant age: 33 ± 28 days) that were experiencing persistent breastfeeding difficulties despite receiving professional advice were recruited. Submental ultrasound scans (Acuson XP10) of the oral cavity were performed both before and ≥7 days after frenulotomy. Milk transfer, pain, and LATCH (latch, audible swallowing, type of nipple, comfort, and hold) scores were recorded before and after frenulotomy. Infant milk intake was measured by using the test-weigh method. RESULTS. For all of the infants, milk intake, milk-transfer rate, LATCH score, and maternal pain scores improved significantly postfrenulotomy. Two groups of infants were identified on ultrasound. One group compressed the tip of the nipple, and the other compressed the base of the nipple with the tongue. These features either resolved or lessened in all except 1 infant after frenulotomy. CONCLUSIONS. Infants with ankyloglossia experiencing persistent breastfeeding difficulties showed less compression of the nipple by the tongue postfrenulotomy, which was associated with improved breastfeeding defined as better attachment, increased milk transfer, and less maternal pain. In the assessment of breastfeeding difficulties, ankyloglossia should be considered as a potential cause.
XMM-Newton detects a relativistically broadened iron line in the spectrum of the ms X-ray pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658

We report on a 63-ks long XMM-Newton observation of the accreting millisecond pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658 during the latest X-ray outburst which started on September 21st 2008. The pn spectrum shows a highly significant emission line in the energy band where the iron K- α line is expected, and which we identify as emission from neutral (or mildly ionized) iron. The line profile appears to be quite broad (more than 1 keV FWHM ) and asymmetric; the most probable explanation for this profile is Doppler and relativistic broadening from the inner accretion disc. From a fit with a diskline profile we find an inner radius of the disc of $8.7^{+3.7}_{-2.7}~R_{\rm g}$, corresponding to $18.0^{+7.6}_{-5.6}$ km for a 1.4 $M_{\odot}$ neutron star. The disc therefore appears truncated inside the corotation radius (31 km for SAX J1808.4-3658) in agreement with the fact that the source was still showing pulsations during the XMM-Newton observation.
Agent programming in dribble: from beliefs to goals using plans

To support the practical development of intelligent agents, several programming languages have been introduced that incorporate concepts from agent logics: on the one hand, we have languages that incorporate beliefs and plans (i.e., procedural goals), and on the other hand, languages that implement the concepts of beliefs and (declarative) goals. We propose the agent programming language Dribble, in which these features of procedural and declarative goals are combined. The language Dribble thus incorporates beliefs and goals as well as planning features. The idea is, that a Dribble agent should be able to select a plan to reach a goal from where it is at a certain point in time. In order to do that, the agent has beliefs, goals and rules to select plans and to create and modify plans. Dribble comes with a formally defined operational semantics and, on top of this semantics, a dynamic logic is constructed that can be used to specify and verify properties of Dribble agents. The correspondence between the logic and the operational semantics is established.
Graph and map isomorphism and all polyhedral embeddings in linear time

For every surface S (orientable or non-orientable), we give a linear time algorithm to test the graph isomorphism of two graphs, one of which admits an embedding of face-width at least 3 into S. This improves a previously known algorithm whose time complexity is nO(g), where g is the genus of S. This is the first algorithm for which the degree of polynomial in the time complexity does not depend on g. The above result is based on two linear time algorithms, each of which solves a problem that is of independent interest. The first of these problems is the following one. Let S be a fixed surface. Given a graph G and an integer k ≥ 3, we want to find an embedding of G in S of face-width at least k, or conclude that such an embedding does not exist. It is known that this problem is NP-hard when the surface is not fixed. Moreover, if there is an embedding, the algorithm can give all embeddings of face-width at least k, up to Whitney equivalence. Here, the face-width of an embedded graph G is the minimum number of points of G in which some non-contractible closed curve in the surface intersects the graph. In the proof of the above algorithm, we give a simpler proof and a better bound for the theorem by Mohar and Robertson concerning the number of polyhedral embeddings of 3-connected graphs. The second ingredient is a linear time algorithm for map isomorphism and Whitney equivalence. This part generalizes the seminal result of Hopcroft and Wong that graph isomorphism can be decided in linear time for planar graphs.
Mental health in Northern Ireland: have “the Troubles” made it worse?

Objectives: To measure the effects of the civil unrest (the Troubles) on the mental health of the general population of Northern Ireland. Design: A secondary analysis of a nationally representative population survey conducted in 1997. Setting: Northern Ireland. Methods: This is an analysis of the 1694 respondents (aged 16–64) who had their mental health assessed using the 12 question version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The effects of the Troubles was based on the responses to two survey questions; one asking about the impact on respondent’s area; the second about the impact on the life of the respondent or their family. To model simultaneous effects, multiple logistic regression models were constructed with GHQ case as the dependent variable, the impact of the Troubles questions as independent variables, and the demographic, socioeconomic, and health related factors as covariates. Results: 21.3% (361) of respondents said that the Troubles had either “quite a bit” or “a lot” of impact on their lives or the lives of their families and 25.1% (418) reported a similar impact on their area of residence. The likelihood of psychological morbidity increased the greater the extent to which the Troubles affected the respondent’s area or life, the association being stronger for the second factor. Neither demographic nor socioeconomic factors significantly diminished this relation although adjusting for health related factors did attenuate the magnitude of the odd ratios especially for the effects of the Troubles on area of residence. Conclusion: It is probable that mental health of the population of Northern Ireland has been significantly affected by the Troubles. Whether this is attributable to the violence in itself or to other aspects of the Troubles is unclear and whether any additional inputs from psychiatric services are needed requires further study.
Where is the room for improvement in the drug treatment of depression and anxiety?

Consider, for a moment, the properties of the ‘ideal’ drug for treating patients with recurrent unipolar depression or anxiety disorders. Such a drug would be effective in all disorders, across all symptom domains, across the range of severity, in achieving remission, in preventing relapse and in treating comorbid conditions, and would have a rapid onset of action and be costeffective in clinical practice. In addition, it would be suitable for once-daily dosage, have minimal adverse effects, cause minimal interference with daily life, would not be associated with the development of tolerance during use or discontinuation symptoms once treatment is stopped, would be suitable for use in physically ill patients and free from interactions with other medications, and be safe in overdose (Baldwin and Thompson, 2003). Bearing these stipulations in mind, it is soon clear that the ‘ideal’ drug is not currently available. Response rates to initial treatment can be disappointing; it is not possible to reliably predict the likelihood of response in an individual patient; a substantial proportion will experience unwanted effects during treatment; many others will relapse despite adhering to treatment; there are many uncertainties about subsequent management after initial non-response; and discontinuation symptoms can be troublesome. Hence there is considerable room for improvement, in the development of novel treatments with enhanced effectiveness and greater acceptability, when compared to existing medications: particularly in identifying which patients are most likely to benefit from which treatment, in having medications with an earlier onset of clinical effect, in achieving superior efficacy in reducing symptom severity, in optimising dosage for maximal effectiveness and tolerability and in combining treatments to enhance efficacy in patients that have made little response to first-line interventions (Baldwin, 2008). Research efforts continue to address these challenges, and the findings of some recent studies suggest
Dynamics of Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling in Wound Healing and Scarring.

SIGNIFICANCE Wound healing is an intricate biological process in which the skin, or any other tissue, repairs itself after injury. Normal wound healing relies on the appropriate levels of cytokines and growth factors to ensure that cellular responses are mediated in a coordinated manner. Among the many growth factors studied in the context of wound healing, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is thought to have the broadest spectrum of effects. RECENT ADVANCES Many of the molecular mechanisms underlying the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway have been elucidated, and the role of TGF-β in wound healing has been well characterized. Targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway using therapeutic agents to improve wound healing and/or reduce scarring has been successful in pre-clinical studies. CRITICAL ISSUES Although TGF-β isoforms (β1, β2, β3) signal through the same cell surface receptors, they display distinct functions during wound healing in vivo through mechanisms that have not been fully elucidated. The challenge of translating preclinical studies targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway to a clinical setting may require more extensive preclinical research using animal models that more closely mimic wound healing and scarring in humans, and taking into account the spatial, temporal, and cell-type-specific aspects of TGF-β isoform expression and function. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding the differences in TGF-β isoform signaling at the molecular level and identification of novel components of the TGF-β signaling pathway that critically regulate wound healing may lead to the discovery of potential therapeutic targets for treatment of impaired wound healing and pathological scarring.
Power comparison of single and dual rail 2:1 MUX designs at different levels of technology

This paper puts forward a comparison among few different 2:1 mux designs: 2T, 4T, TG, CMOS, DCVSPG and MDCVS. The design is done using DSCH 2.7f tool. Simulation and power calculation is done at different levels of technology using Microwind 2.6k Simulator. The results show the efficiency of the different design.
Pancreatic cancer and pancreaticoduodenectomy in elderly patient: morbidity and mortality are increased. Is it the real life?

BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of this study was to compare post-operative outcomes of two groups of patients aged more or less than 70 years old METHODOLOGY From January 1990 to January 2006, 150 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PA) were reviewed at the Department of Digestive Surgery of University Hospital. Twenty five patients Group A> or =70 and Group B<70 years old, were well matched for gender, diagnosis, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, and texture of pancreatic parenchyma. RESULTS There was no intraoperative death. Mean operative hospital and intensive care unit stays were in Group A, B: 21+/-9; 4.5+/-8 vs. 19+/-7; 3+/-3 NS respectively. There were four deaths in A and no death in B at three months of hospital discharge. More patients had complications in Group A (56% vs 36% NS). Medical complications seem to be more frequent in Group A (40%vs 12% NS). The median survivals were 20 and 27 months for A and B, respectively. CONCLUSION We observed an increased rate of morbidity and mortality in patients aged more than 70 years.
Technology Resistance and de Certeau : Deceptive texting as a Tactic of Everyday Life

Previous research has identified the “butler lie”—a lie told through text message to explain why someone is, was, or will be unavailable for interaction (Hancock et al., 2009). The concept of butler lying was established by Hancock et al. (2009, p. 519) who coined the term in allusion “to the social buffering function that butlers provided for their employers” when lying to visitors about whether family members were home. Several studies indicate that butler lies are a common means of managing social availability (Birnholtz et al., 2010; Birnholtz et al., 2013; Reynolds et al., 2013; Smith et al., 2014). Drawing on an interview based study into the experiences of telling and receiving butler lies via text message, this article argues that butler lies can be understood as a form of technology resistance as they represent an effort to evade the perpetual connectivity afforded by mobile communication technologies. However, as a quotidian and often habitual practice, one enacted through the technology it also resists, butler lies fall outside current conceptualisations of technology resistance which have tended to focus on self-reflexive acts of limiting or rejecting particular technologies. To aid in framing butler lies as a resistant practice, I turn to de Certeau’s (1984) concept of ‘“tactics” as a means of theorising mundane, habitual modes of technology resistance. In doing so, I seek not only to introduce butler lying as a concept of technology resistance, but to demonstrate the significance of developing the largely latent connections between de Certeau and research on technology resistance.
Moonshine elements in elliptic cohomology

This is a historical talk about the recent confluence of two lines of research in equivariant elliptic cohomology, one concerned with connected Lie groups, the other with the finite case. These themes come together in (what seems to me remarkable) work of N. Ganter, relating replicability of McKay-Thompson series to the theory of exponential cohomology operations.
Human activity recognition using an ensemble of support vector machines

Numerous human action recognition algorithms have been developed and evaluated recently. However, the ensemble of classifiers to recognize actions, utilizing diverse feature sets, has remained untouched. Mixing the outputs of several classifiers decreases the risk of a weak choice of a learner or a set of features, and leads to having a more accurate and robust-applicable framework. The weakness of single classifiers becomes more evident when the problem difficulty increases, essentially while having numerous action types or resemblance of actions. In this paper, an ensemble of support vector machines (SVMs) is employed to improve the classification performance by fusing diverse features from different perspectives. The Dempster-Shafer fusion and product rule from the algebraic combiners have been utilized to combine the outputs of single classifiers. The experimental results show that the action recognition performance is improved while employing the ensemble of SVMs and stated fusion techniques.
Histone Chaperone-Mediated Nucleosome Assembly Process

A huge amount of information is stored in genomic DNA and this stored information resides inside the nucleus with the aid of chromosomal condensation factors. It has been reported that the repeat nucleosome core particle (NCP) consists of 147-bp of DNA and two copies of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. Regulation of chromosomal structure is important to many processes inside the cell. In vivo, a group of histone chaperones facilitate and regulate nucleosome assembly. How NCPs are constructed with the aid of histone chaperones remains unclear. In this study, the histone chaperone-mediated nucleosome assembly process was investigated using single-molecule tethered particle motion (TPM) experiments. It was found that Asf1 is able to exert more influence than Nap1 and poly glutamate acid (PGA) on the nucleosome formation process, which highlights Asf1’s specific role in tetrasome formation. Thermodynamic parameters supported a model whereby energetically favored nucleosomal complexes compete with non-nucleosomal complexes. In addition, our kinetic findings propose the model that histone chaperones mediate nucleosome assembly along a path that leads to enthalpy-favored products with free histones as reaction substrates.
Reviewing the Psychometric Properties of Contemporary Circadian Typology Measures

The accurate measurement of circadian typology (CT) is critical because the construct has implications for a number of health disorders. In this review, we focus on the evidence to support the reliability and validity of the more commonly used CT scales: the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM), and the Preferences Scale (PS). In addition, we also consider the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ). In terms of reliability, the MEQ, CSM, and PS consistently report high levels of reliability (>0.80), whereas the reliability of the rMEQ is satisfactory. The stability of these scales is sound at follow-up periods up to 13 mos. The MCTQ is not a scale; therefore, its reliability cannot be assessed. Although it is possible to determine the stability of the MCTQ, these data are yet to be reported. Validity must be given equal weight in assessing the measurement properties of CT instruments. Most commonly reported is convergent and construct validity. The MEQ, rMEQ, and CSM are highly correlated and this is to be expected, given that these scales share common items. The level of agreement between the MCTQ and the MEQ is satisfactory, but the correlation between these two constructs decreases in line with the number of “corrections” applied to the MCTQ. The interesting question is whether CT is best represented by a psychological preference for behavior or by using a biomarker such as sleep midpoint. Good-quality subjective and objective data suggest adequate construct validity for each of the CT instruments, but a major limitation of this literature is studies that assess the predictive validity of these instruments. We make a number of recommendations with the aim of advancing science. Future studies need to (1) focus on collecting data from representative samples that consider a number of environmental factors; (2) employ longitudinal designs to allow the predictive validity of CT measures to be assessed and preferably make use of objective data; (3) employ contemporary statistical approaches, including structural equation modeling and item-response models; and (4) provide better information concerning sample selection and a rationale for choosing cutoff points.