Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Markov Property and Scale-free Organization of Gene Expression

Evolutional gene expression organization has recently been studied by measuring the mRNA abundance (gene expression) for tens of thousands of genes in parallel (GeneChips arrays) [3]. These experiments on mRNA abundance have revealed that gene expression exhibits a scale-free organization, which is highly conserved in all the major five kingdoms of life, from Bacteria to Human [3]. Therefore, the gene expression distribution p(k) (probability that a gene has an amount of expression k) decays as a power-law k−γ [1]. In order to uncover the origin of this scale-free organization, we consider a stochastic process with Markov property (i.e., the future is governed by the present and does not depend on the past). This assumption is very natural for biology since all biological systems obey the physical laws, which also manifest this property. Surprisingly, scale-free organization spontaneously emerges from Markov property in the following construction (Fig. 1). (See [2] for more details.)
Population dynamics of mouse and vole species in forest ecosystems of Croatia in the period from 1999 to 2003

Sitni glodavci su zbog brojnosti populacija i sirine ekoloske valence važan dio gotovo svakoga sumskog ekosustava. Kontinuiranim pracenjem dinamike njihovih populacija moguce je sprijeciti njihovo stetno djelovanje na prirodni pomladak, sjeme, sadnice, te sirenje pojedinih zoonoza (trihineloza, leptospiroza, krpeljni encefalitis, lyme borelioza, hemoragijska groznica s bubrežnim sindromom i dr.). Pracenjem brojnosti i dinamike populacija sitnih glodavaca na terenu, analizom strukture populacija pojedinih vrsta, te utvrđivanjem intenziteta nastalih steta na sjemenu i mladim biljkama, donose se zakljucci i preporucuju mjere zastite kako bi se umanjila njihova stetnost u sumskim ekosustavima. Redovito pracenje populacija sitnih glodavaca na terenu rezultira pravovremenim predviđanjem vremenskog razdoblja u kojem bi moglo nastupiti prenamnoženje. Kako sitni glodavci imaju izrazito visoki bioloski potencijal, u povoljnim godinama javljaju se u velikom broju populacija kada cine velike stete. Sumarska operativa tada provodi mjere zastite koje se najcesce obavljaju kemijskim sredstvima. U razdoblju od rujna 1999. do lipnja 2003. godine u Hrvatskoj je na 17 lokaliteta pracena brojnost sitnih glodavaca. Životinje su uzorkovane u 10 sumskih zajednica "Y" metodom, metodom minimalnoga kvadrata, te metodom linearnoga transekta. Ulovljene je 2151 jedinka. Ukupno je svim metodama ostvareno 27598 klopka/noci. Na vecini lokaliteta najzastupljenije vrste su bile Apodemus agrarius Pall. , Clethrionomys glareolus Schr. i A. flavicollis Melch. U sumskoj zajednici Carpino betuli-Quercetum roboris typicum R. , u travnju 2003. godine, metodom linearne regresije (p=0, 05) izracunata je najmanja brojnost sitnih glodavaca (N/ha=11, 63), a najveca u ožujku 2001. godine (N/ha=82, 03). Na istom lokalitetu "Y" metodom je u proljece 2001. godine izracunata brojnost populacije sitnih glodavaca od N/ha=101, 34. Utvrđeno je da njihova brojnost znacajno ovisi o urodu sumskoga sjemena. Metodom linearnoga transekta u sumama hrasta lužnjaka (Quercus robur L.) zabilježene su srednje vrijednosti ulova miseva i voluharica u 44, 70 % klopki postavljenih transekata (listopad 2000. godine, lokalitet Velika Gorica), a u sumama obicne bukve (Fagus sylvatica L.) u 58, 70 % klopki (ožujak 2002. godine, lokalitet Nova Gradiska).
Emerging neuromorphic computing architectures & enabling hardware for cognitive information processing applications

The highly cross-disciplinary emerging field of neuromorphic computing architectures for cognitive information processing applications requires knowledge within many research fields: computer architecture, neuroscience, cognitive psychology, cognitive modeling, dynamical systems, belief systems, software, computer engineering, etc. In our effort to develop cognitive systems atop a neuromorphic computing architecture, we explored the issues associated with mapping computing strategies such as the Brain State-in-a-Box and Confabulation within a Cell-BE powered 54 TeraFlops high performance computer Linux cluster. In this work, we seek to understand the underlying mechanisms for emulating neuromorphic-based cognitive process and their computational scaling properties towards human-like cognition and perception.
Revision of the global carbon budget due to changing air‐sea oxygen fluxes

Carbon budgets inferred from measurements of the atmospheric oxygen to nitrogen ratio (O2/N2) are revised considering sea‐to‐air fluxes of O2 and N2 in response to global warming and volcanic eruptions. Observational estimates of changes in ocean heat content are combined with a model‐derived relationship between changes in atmospheric O2/N2 due to oceanic outgassing and heat fluxes to estimate ocean O2 outgassing. The inferred terrestrial carbon sink for the 1990s is reduced by a factor of two compared with the most recent estimate by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This also improves the agreement between calculated ocean carbon uptake rates and estimates from global carbon cycle models, which indicate a higher ocean carbon uptake during the 1990s than the 1980s. The simulated decrease in oceanic O2 concentrations is in qualitative agreement with observed trends in oceanic O2 concentrations.
Scheduling memory constrained jobs on distributed memory parallel computers

We consider the problem of multiprocessor scheduling of jobs whose memory requirements place lower bounds on the fraction of the machine required in order to execute. We address three primary questions in this work:1. How can a parallel machine be multiprogrammed with minimal overhead when jobs have minimum memory requirements? 2. To what extent does the inability of an application to repartition its workload during runtime affect the choice of processor allocation policy? 3. How rigid should the system be in attempting to provide equal resource allocation to each runnable job in order to minimize average response time? This work is applicable both to parallel machines and to networks of workstations supporting parallel applications.
Piezoelectric, Mechanical and Acoustic Properties of KNaNbOF5 from First-Principles Calculations

Recently, a noncentrosymmetric crystal, KNaNbOF5, has attracted attention due to its potential to present piezoelectric properties. Although α- and β-KNaNbOF5 are similar in their stoichiometries, their structural frameworks, and their synthetic routes, the two phases exhibit very different properties. This paper presents, from first-principles calculations, comparative studies of the structural, electronic, piezoelectric, and elastic properties of the α and the β phase of the material. Based on the Christoffel equation, the slowness surface of the acoustic waves is obtained to describe its acoustic prosperities. These results may benefit further applications of KNaNbOF5.
DESIGNING EFFICIENT ANN CLASSIFIERS FOR MATCHING BURGLARIES FROM DWELLING HOUSES

Leveraging supervised learning methods is vital for predictive analysis of crime data, however, because of the complex dependencies of crime behavioral variables, classifying behavioral crime profiles is considered to be a demanding task. This paper presents two classifiers for matching single-offender crimes of the type: Burglary from Dwelling Houses (BDH). The first classifier, Multiclass MLP Crime Classifier (M2C2), leverages a multiclass topology to become capable of matching nonprolific offenders in addition to prolific offenders. This method will be useful for matching crimes to several local offenders in a particular district, and it is not suitable for classifying a large number of offenders. Contrarily, the second method, Ensemble Neural Network Crime Classifier (EN2C2), focuses on automating decision-making processes for crime matching through exploiting expert classifiers’ outputs in a bagging ensemble approach. As demonstrated by evaluative experiments, M2C2 is an efficient approach for classifying small numbers of nonprolific and prolific offenders. The proposed method's performance was proved when compared with other common machine learning techniques.
An extension on the quantized input condition for FIR systems identification with quantized observations

This paper extends the quantized input condition in the identification for finite impulse response systems under quantized output observations, and investigates the convergence performance of the two-step estimation algorithm formed by combining the quasi-convex combination estimator and weighted least-squares optimization. We employ the limit inferior of the regressors' frequencies of occurrences to character the input's persistent excitation, under which the strong convergence and convergence rate of the algorithm are derived. It is interesting that the estimates can be asymptotically efficient with a suitable selection of the weighting matrix in the algorithm, even though the limit of Cramér-Rao lower bound times the data length does not exist as the data length goes to infinity. A numerical example is included to illustrate the main results obtained.
Review of grain refinement methods for as-cast microstructure of magnesium alloy

作为最轻的结构的金属， Mg 和基于 Mg 的合金在太空有大潜在的应用，汽车、原子的工业。 然而，如此的应用被低韧性和力量限制了。 理论上，小谷物同时地缩放结构罐头改进它的韧性和力量。 然而，为镁合金的普遍可靠的谷物精炼技术仍然在调查下面，一些在强壮的辩论。 这篇论文为镁合金论述谷物精炼方法的开发的简短评论，它将贡献控制谷物精炼的因素的更好的理解并且在这个领域里提供未来研究的眼界。
Structural Dynamics upon Photoexcitation in a Spin Crossover Crystal Probed with Femtosecond Electron Diffraction.

Photoexcitation of spin crossover (SCO) complexes can trigger extensive electronic spin transitions and transformation of molecular structure. However, the precise nature of the associated ultrafast structural dynamics remains elusive, especially in the solid state. Here, we studied a single-crystal SCO material with femtosecond electron diffraction (FED). The unique capability of FED allows us to directly probe atomic motions and to track ultrafast structural changes within a crystal lattice. By monitoring the time-dependent changes of the Bragg reflections, we observed the formation of a photoinduced structure similar to the thermally induced high-spin state. The data and refinement calculations indicate the global structural reorganization within 2.3 ps, as the metal-ligand bond distribution narrows during intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) driving the intermolecular rearrangement. Three independent dynamical group are identified to model the structural dynamics upon photoinduced SCO.
Novel Beamforming Scheme for Multicasting in Cooperative Wireless Networks With a Multiple Antenna Relay

A cooperative network consisting of a source, one relay, and a destination is considered. The source and destination are both equipped with a single antenna. The relay is equipped with N antennas and operates in decode-and-forward (DF) mode. At the relay, the detected symbols are retransmitted using a novel beamforming method proposed in this paper that assumes the relay has 2-bit quantized information about the phase of all links from the relay to the destination. At the destination, the detector combines the received signals from the source and the relay in the first and second phases of transmission, respectively. An upper bound for the bit error rate (BER) performance of the detector is derived, and it is shown that the proposed beamforming and detector achieve full diversity order. The detector is extended to a multicast system with one single antenna source, one N-antenna DF relay and M single antenna destinations. It is assumed that the relay has 2-bit quantized phase information and exact signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) information at all the links from the relay to the destinations. An antenna selection algorithm based on a MAX-MIN criterion at the relay is proposed, and after beamforming, the detector is used at all destinations. By deriving a rigorous upper bound for BER performance at all destinations, it is shown that the proposed scheme achieves full diversity order at all destinations. Simulation results show that the BER performance of the proposed antenna selection algorithm outperforms the well known MAX-MIN antenna selection scheme.
Bioremediation-An Effective Cleanup Technology

Bioremediation is a technology in which microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, protists and yeast are used to degrade harmful substances into non-toxic or less toxic substances to solve environmental problem. It is a waste management technique in which living organism are used to clean up pollution by removing or neutralizing pollutants from contaminated sites or to break down hazardous substances into less toxic or nontoxic forms by using naturally occurring bio-components. There are different natural contamination processes that occur for substance breakdown. When waste is bio-remediated it can be recycled, or at least, stored in such a way that it causes no further harm to the environment around it. Bioremediation is one of the cost effective and safest methods we have now to degrade contaminated waste. Which bioremediation approach is taken relies on the type(s) of microorganisms officially displaying at the pollution site. For instance, if the microorganisms effectively introduced are proper to separate the kind of pollution, cleanup groups may just need to "nourish" these microorganisms by the expansion of composts, supplements, oxygen, phosphorus, and so on. Keywords
Optimal power allocation for multiuser transmit beamforming via regularized channel inversion

In this paper, we consider an optimal power allocation problem that maximizes the sum-rate of a single-cell MISO broadcast channel with regularized channel inversion (RCI) beamforming at the base station (BS). Unlike the channel inversion or zero forcing beamforming, the optimal power allocation with RCI precoding at the base station is a nonlinear non-convex optimization problem with many local optima. Here, we investigate this problem in the large system limit, i.e., when the number of users K and antennas at the base station N tend to infinity with their ratio β = K/N being held constant. We assume each user has data symbol with power pk, and slow-varying path-loss ak. In this setting, we first derive the expression for the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). Then, we divide all K users into L groups where all users in each group are assumed to be co-located or to have approximately the same distance from the BS. In other words, the users in each group have the same path-loss which is distance dependent. Moreover, in each group, we assume that the power allocated to each user is the same. Based on this system model, we investigate optimal power allocation schemes that maximize the sum-rate per antenna, firstly under average power constraint, and then under both average and per-user power constraints. We show that both problems are convex and the power allocation mainly follows the well-known water-filling strategy.
Eliminating Remote Message Passing in Optimistic Simulation

This paper introduces an algorithm for parallel simulation capable of executing the critical path without a priori knowledge of the model being executed. This algorithm is founded on the observation that each initial event in a model causes a stream of events to be generated for execution. By focusing on the parallelization of event streams, rather than logical processes, we have created a new simulation engine optimized for large scale models (i.e., models with 1 million LPs or more)
Autosomal Dominant Hypercalciuria in a Mouse Model Due to a Mutation of the Epithelial Calcium Channel, TRPV5

Hypercalciuria is a major cause of nephrolithiasis, and is a common and complex disorder involving genetic and environmental factors. Identification of genetic factors for monogenic forms of hypercalciuria is hampered by the limited availability of large families, and to facilitate such studies, we screened for hypercalciuria in mice from an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis programme. We identified a mouse with autosomal dominant hypercalciuria (HCALC1). Linkage studies mapped the Hcalc1 locus to a 11.94 Mb region on chromosome 6 containing the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, members 5 (Trpv5) and 6 (Trpv6) genes. DNA sequence analysis of coding regions, intron-exon boundaries and promoters of Trpv5 and Trpv6 identified a novel T to C transition in codon 682 of TRPV5, mutating a conserved serine to a proline (S682P). Compared to wild-type littermates, heterozygous (Trpv5 682P/+) and homozygous (Trpv5 682P/682P) mutant mice had hypercalciuria, polyuria, hyperphosphaturia and a more acidic urine, and ∼10% of males developed tubulointerstitial nephritis. Trpv5 682P/682P mice also had normal plasma parathyroid hormone but increased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations without increased bone resorption, consistent with a renal defect for the hypercalciuria. Expression of the S682P mutation in human embryonic kidney cells revealed that TRPV5-S682P-expressing cells had a lower baseline intracellular calcium concentration than wild-type TRPV5-expressing cells, suggesting an altered calcium permeability. Immunohistological studies revealed a selective decrease in TRPV5-expression from the renal distal convoluted tubules of Trpv5 682P/+ and Trpv5 682P/682P mice consistent with a trafficking defect. In addition, Trpv5682P/682P mice had a reduction in renal expression of the intracellular calcium-binding protein, calbindin-D28K, consistent with a specific defect in TRPV5-mediated renal calcium reabsorption. Thus, our findings indicate that the TRPV5 S682P mutant is functionally significant and study of HCALC1, a novel model for autosomal dominant hypercalciuria, may help further our understanding of renal calcium reabsorption and hypercalciuria.
A New Dense Group Graph Discovered by an Evolutionary Approach

There is an increasing interest in the design of dense graphs as models of interconnection networks for massively parallel processing systems. In this paper an evolutionary algorithm for this problem ((; D) graph problem) is presented by which a new maximal graph with degree 6, diameter 3 and order 108 was discovered. The considered graph is a Cayley graph of a permutation group represented by its generator set.
Influence of clinical status on the efficiency of stored platelet transfusion

The efficiency of stored platelet transfusion was evaluated in terms of clinical status in 141 thrombocytopenic patients. In a paired prospective study in which fresh platelets were used as controls, clinical efficiency was assessed on the basis of the ability to increase platelet count (recovery) and the time to the next transfusion (D). In 48 clinically stable patients, recovery of fresh and stored platelets was similar (47% and 41%, respectively) and the interval to the next transfusion was D4 and D3. In contrast, 27 patients who had bacterial infections showed significantly different recoveries (24%/5%) and the interval to the next transfusion was D3/D1 for fresh and stored platelets respectively. Similarly, in 16 patients who were treated concurrently with amphotericin B, 18 other patients with graft‐versus‐host disease, nine with splenomegaly and four with veno‐occlusive disease (VOD), fresh platelets performed better than stored platelets, showing recoveries of 27%/18%, 29%/15%, 16%/3% and 15%/2%. Furthermore, the need for retransfusion within 24 h was significantly increased with stored platelets. In 19 patients with anti‐HLA alloimmunization who were transfused with HLA‐matched fresh and stored apheresis platelet concentrate (APC), efficiency was similar (38%/36% and D4/D3). This study indicates that the storage induces an impressive decrease in the in‐vivo platelet recovery and survival in patients with certain clinical conditions.
Measuring respiratory symptoms in clinical trials of COPD: reliability and validity of a daily diary

Background Although respiratory symptoms are characteristic features of COPD, there is no standardised method for quantifying their severity in stable disease. Objective To evaluate the EXACT-Respiratory Symptom (E-RS) measure, a daily diary comprising 11 of the 14 items in the Exacerbations of Chronic Pulmonary Disease Tool (EXACT). Methods Qualitative: patient focus group and interviews to address content validity. Quantitative: secondary data analyses to test reliability and validity. Results Qualitative: n=84; mean (SD) age 65 (10) years, FEV1 1.2(0.4) L; 44% male. Subject descriptions of their respiratory symptoms were consistent with E-RS content and structure. Quantitative: n=188; mean (SD) age 66 (10) years, FEV1 1.2(0.5) L; 50% male. Factor analysis (FA) showed 3 subscales: RS-Breathlessness, RS-Cough & Sputum, and RS-Chest Symptoms; second-order FA supported a general factor and total score. Reliability (total and subscales): 0.88, 0.86, 0.73, 0.81; 2-day test-retest ICC: 0.90, 0.86, 0.87, 0.82, respectively. Validity: Total scores correlated significantly (p < 0.0001) with SGRQ Total (r=0.75), Symptoms (r=0.66), Activity (r=0.57), Impact (r=0.70) scores; subscale correlations were also significant (r=0.26, p < 0.05 (RS-Chest Symptoms with Activity) to r=0.69, p < 0.0001 (RS-Cough & Sputum with Symptoms). RS-Breathlessness correlated with rescue medication use (r=0.32, p < 0.0001), clinician-reported mMRC (r=0.33, p < 0.0001), and FEV1% predicted (r=-0.17, p < 0.05). E-RS scores differentiated groups based on chronic bronchitis diagnosis (p < 0.01–0.001), smoking status (p < 0.05–0.001), and rescue medication use (p < 0.05–0.0001). Conclusions Results suggest the RS-Total is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating respiratory symptom severity in stable COPD. Further study of sensitivity to change is warranted.
Case of Toxoplasma Polymyositis

days for one to two weeks; they noted no toxicity. Sutton (1938) also remarked on its lack of toxicity when used as a local application. However, Slotkowski (1957) reported the case of a child who developed ulceration of his oral mucosa as a result of excessive crystal violet treatment. He remarked on the need to be aware of this possible complication of treatment and suggested that it might previously have been mistaken for a result of the candidial infection. At other sites crystal violet is well recognized as a potential irritant. When vaginal candidiasis is treated with local applications of crystal violet some patients have to discontinue treatment because of its irritant effects (Jennison and LlywelynJones, 1957). If the dye is in accidental contact with the conjunctival epithelium it will cause oedema, hyperaemia, and necrosis of the epithelium within a few hours (Hosford and Smith, 1952). When taken orally as a vermifuge, crystal violet may cause diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting, suggesting a local effect on the gastrointestinal mucosa (Beckman, 1961 ; Martindale, 1967). It might therefore be expected that similar reactions could occur when crystal violet is applied to the oral mucosa. It seems likely that many oral mucosal reactions to crystal violet have gone unrecognized, and it is clear that if crystal violet is used it should be limited to a maximum course of three days with twice-daily applications. As nystatin suspension now provides a satisfactory method of treating oral candidiasis, there would seem to be a substantial case for the abandonment of local crystal violet applications to the oral mucosa. It might be that many sore mouths associated with thrush would dis appear along with the crystal violet.