Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeled infiltration rate distributions for U.S. housing.

UNLABELLED A set of 209 dwellings that represent 80% of U.S. housing stock is used to generate frequency distributions of residential infiltration rates. The set of homes is based on an analysis of the 1997 U.S. Department of Energy's Residential Energy Consumption Survey, which documents numerous housing characteristics including type, floor area, number of rooms, type of heating system, foundation type, and year of construction. The infiltration rate distributions are developed using the multizone network airflow model, CONTAM (CONTAMW 2.4 User Guide and Program Documentation, NISTIR 7251. National Institute of Standards and Technology.). In this work, 19 cities are selected to represent U.S. climatic conditions, and CONTAM simulations are performed for each of the 209 houses in these cities to calculate building air change rates for each hour over a year. Frequency distributions are then developed and presented nationally as well as based on house type and region. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS These distributions will support indoor air quality, exposure, and energy analyses based on a truly representative collection of U.S. homes, which has previously not been possible. In addition, the methodology employed can be extended to other countries and other collections of buildings. For U.S.-specific analyses, these homes and their models, can be extended to include occupants, contaminant sources, and other building features to allow a wide range of studies to address other ventilation and indoor air quality issues.
Named Series: Twenty Years of Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Twenty years of research on cytokine-induced sickness behavior

Cytokine-induced sickness behavior was recognized within a few years of the cloning and expression of interferon-, IL-1 and IL-2, which occurred around the time that the Wrst issue of Brain, Behavior, and Immunity was published in 1987. Phase I clinical trials established that injection of recombinant cytokines into cancer patients led to a variety of psychological disturbances. It was subsequently shown that physiological concentrations of proinXammatory cytokines that occur after infection act in the brain to induce common symptoms of sickness, such as loss of appetite, sleepiness, withdrawal from normal social activities, fever, aching joints and fatigue. This syndrome was deWned as sickness behavior and is now recognized to be part of a motivational system that reorganizes the organism’s priorities to facilitate recovery from the infection. Cytokines convey to the brain that an infection has occurred in the periphery, and this action of cytokines can occur via the traditional endocrine route via the blood or by direct neural transmission via the aVerent vagus nerve. The Wnding that sickness behavior occurs in all mammals and birds indicates that communication between the immune system and brain has been evolutionarily conserved and forms an important physiological adaptive response that favors survival of the organism during infections. The fact that cytokines act in the brain to induce physiological adaptations that promote survival has led to the hypothesis that inappropriate, prolonged activation of the innate immune system may be involved in a number of pathological disturbances in the brain, ranging from Alzheimer’s disease to stroke. Conversely, the newly-deWned role of cytokines in a wide variety of systemic comorbid conditions, ranging from chronic heart failure to obesity, may begin to explain changes in the mental state of these subjects. Indeed, the newest Wndings of cytokine actions in the brain oVer some of the Wrst clues about the pathophysiology of certain mental health disorders, including depression. The time is ripe to begin to move these fundamental discoveries in mice to man and some of the pharmacological tools are already available to antagonize the detrimental actions of cytokines. Published by Elseiver Inc.
Seasonal recurrence of cowpox virus outbreaks in captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)

Cowpox virus infections in captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) with high morbidity and mortality have already been reported in the UK and Russia in the 1970s. However, most of the reported cases have been singular events. Here, we report a total of five cowpox virus outbreaks in cheetahs in the same safari park in Denmark between 2010 and 2014. Nine cheetahs showed varying severity of clinical disease; two of them died (22%). All episodes occurred between August and October of the respective year. No other carnivores kept at the same institution nor the keepers taking care of the animals were clinically affected. The clinical picture of cowpox was confirmed by extensive laboratory investigations including histopathological and molecular analyses as well as cell culture isolation of a cowpox virus. High anti-orthopoxvirus antibody titers were detected in all 9 diseased cheetahs compared to seven contact cheetahs without clinical signs and 13 cheetahs not in direct contact. Additionally, whole genome sequencing from one sample of each cluster with subsequent phylogenetic analysis showed that the viruses from different outbreaks have individual sequences but clearly form a clade distinct from other cowpox viruses. However, the intra-clade distances are still larger than those usually observed within clades of one event. These findings indicate multiple and separate introductions of cowpox virus, probably from wild rodent populations, where the virus keeps circulating naturally and is only sporadically introduced into the cheetahs. Sero-positivity of voles (Arvicola amphibious) caught in zoo grounds strengthens this hypothesis. As a consequence, recommendations are given for medical and physical management of diseased cheetahs, for hygienic measures as well as for pre-shipment isolation before cheetah export from zoo grounds.
Association of total antioxidants level with glaucoma type and severity

Objectives: To compare the mean total antioxidant status (TAS) among 3 glaucoma types, namely: pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG), primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), and primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), and study its potential association with various clinical glaucoma-parameters. Methods: In this case-control study, plasma samples were obtained between September 2013 and October 2014 from 340 glaucoma patients (PEG [n=54]; POAG [n=147]; PACG [n=139]), and 351 controls of matching age, gender, ethnicity, and 5 different systemic co-morbidities from King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The TAS in all samples was determined by a colorimetric-based assay. Results: The mean±standard deviation of TAS was significantly lower among cases: 0.77±0.32 than controls: 1.1±0.22, p<0.0001. Moreover, the TAS levels were significantly different across the 3 types of glaucoma: 0.86±0.24 in PEG, 0.47±0.32 in POAG, and 0.98±0.41 in PACG (all p<0.0001). In addition, there was a significant correlation between TAS and age at onset (Pearson correlation coefficient [R] 0.17, p<0.0001), cup/disc ratio (R: -0.13, p=0.004), and number of anti-glaucoma medications (R: -0.16, p=0.001). Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that plasma TAS levels are decreased in patients with glaucoma, more so in POAG and PEG than PACG, supporting the hypothesis that decreased antioxidative defense and/or increased oxidative stress may have a critical role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
A Base Station Assignment Strategy for Radio Access Networks with Backhaul Constraints

Existing base station (BS) assignment methods in mobile networks are mainly driven by radio conditions. This is because it is assumed that the limiting factor in the access network is basically on the air interface. However, a growing concern is that the transport part of the mobile network can also represent a bottleneck. Thus, mechanisms only based on radio conditions may assign a user to a BS with an overloaded transport, which in turn may result in a degradation of the end user throughput and quality of service. In this paper we analyse a BS assignment strategy that incorporates transport capacity constraints in the decision making process of assigning the most suitable BS to mobile users. The strategy is compared to two common schemes which are exclusively based on air interface aspects. Provided results show that the proposed BS assignment strategy can effectively accommodate more connections than traditional techniques so that both radio and transport requirements are fulfilled in backhaul limited RAN deployment scenarios.
Learning algorithms using a Galois lattice structure

An incremental algorithm for updating the Galois lattice is proposed where new objects may be dynamically added by modifying the existing lattice. A large experimental application reveals that adding a new object may be done in time proportional to the number of objects on the average. When there is a fixed upper bound on the number of properties related to an object, which is the case in practical applications, the worst case analysis of the algorithm confirms the experimental observations of linear growth with respect to the number of objects. Algorithms for generating rules from the lattice are also given. <<ETX>>
NOTCH1 is a poor prognostic factor for breast cancer and is associated with breast cancer stem cells

Recently, the human gene NOTCH1 has been found to be implicated in cancer cell metastasis and the maintenance of cancer stem cells. However, for breast cancer in particular, an association between NOTCH1 levels and metastasis has not been determined. In this study, we investigated the expression status and correlation of NOTCH1 with clinically important factors related to metastasis and the cancer stem cell marker ALDH1. NOTCH1 and ALDH1 levels in 115 tumor tissues from primary lesions were determined by immunohistochemical staining. Most tissues were stained positive for both NOTCH1 and ALDH1, and NOTCH1 positivity was significantly associated with ALDH1 levels. NOTCH1 levels were significantly associated with TNM stage, metastasis, and triple-negative breast cancer. Moreover, both univariate and multivariate regression analyses revealed that basal-like features and NOTCH1 positivity were associated with disease-free survival as independent predictors. These analyses indicated that breast cancer patients testing positive for NOTCH1 had shorter disease-free survival. Our findings suggest that NOTCH1 may be involved in metastasis and is closely correlated with breast cancer stem cells.
A Survey of User-Centered System Design for Supporting Online Collaborative Writing

Collaborative Writing (CW) is a new emerging issue in education that must be addressed interdisciplinary. Nowadays there are a lot soft ware that can be use to support and enhance the collaboration in group writing. This paper presents the discussion about the recent user centre system design for supporting collaborative writing. Based on the taxonomy and collaborative writing and the problems appear in collaborative writing, we will proposed the required design of the User-Centered System Design (UCSD) for CW software. The last part of this paper will be dedicated to examine the recent available CW soft wares based on the required designed proposed
Stage-specific adaptation of hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates during chronic pulmonary infection in patients with cystic fibrosis.

BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) strains with defective DNA mismatch repair genes generate numerous bacterial variants because of high mutation rates. In cystic fibrosis (CF), such mutator strains may lead to the rapid selection of survivors that are specifically adapted to the hostile environment of the inflamed CF lung. METHODS Genotypes and phenotypes of 111 PA variants descending from 3 distinct mutator strains obtained from 3 patients with CF were systematically characterized. RESULTS We demonstrated that PA mutS isolates accumulated in the CF lung during the observation period of 3-6 years, with dominance during the final stage of the disease. Mutator strains from the final stage of disease were multiresistant and had lost a set of established virulence-associated traits, including cytotoxicity for bronchial epithelial cells (Calu-3) and macrophages (J774). This pathoadaptation was associated with the loss of survival capacity in a typical environmental habitat, such as tap water. Strikingly, nonmutator strains that maintained their virulence potential persisted as a minority, probably with a preference for the lower airways. CONCLUSIONS Mutator strains may evolve from the initially infecting PA strain and generate numerous variants with a loss of destructive virulence factors, probably because of selection for improved survival in the deteriorated CF lung but at the expense of the ability to live freely.
Organisational Framework for e-Government Development in Sub-Saharan Africa

Two decades ago, most of the Sub-Saharan African countries joined the rest of the world in adopting ICTs to improve the delivery of government services. These African countries regarded e-Government with numerous benefits including greater efficiency, improved public services, reduced corruption and enhanced engagement with citizens. Yet, progress in e-gov development in these countries has been relatively slow comparing to other regions of the world [19]. The paper aligns the concept of Project Management Office (PMO) [9] to the public administrative set-up of Cameroon in presenting an organizational framework suitable for e-Government development improvement. This concept is applicable to other Sub-Saharan African countries which have similar organizational challenges.
Motion Based Correspondence for 3D Tracking of Multiple Dim Objects

Tracking multiple objects in a video is a demanding task that is frequently encountered in several systems such as surveillance and motion analysis. Ability to track objects in 3D requires the use of multiple cameras. While tracking multiple objects using multiples video cameras, establishing correspondence between objects in the various cameras is a nontrivial task. Specifically, when the targets are dim or are very far away from the camera, appearance cannot be used in order to establish this correspondence. Here, we propose a technique to establish correspondence across cameras using the motion features extracted from the targets, even when the relative position of the cameras is unknown. Experimental results are provided for the problem of tracking multiple bees in natural flight using two cameras. The reconstructed 3D flight paths of the bees show some interesting flight patterns
FOR INCOMPRESSIBLE NAVIER STOKES EQUATIONS ON UNSTRUCTURED , STAGGERED GRIDS Bojan

Abstract. In this work, a new method was described for spatial discretization of threedimensional Navier Stokes equations in their primitive form, on unstructured, staggered grids. Velocities were placed on the cell faces and pressure in cell centers and were linked with the projection method. Thanks to the variable arrangement, no stabilization procedure was needed to avoid spurious pressure/velocity fields. A way around the deferred correction was also described and used in this work. Several laminar cases were computed to show the validity of the method. Computation of velocities on the cell faces and the ability to integrate in time with projection method without any stabilization procedure make the proposed method a good candidate for large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulence in complex geometries.
A Public Database of Simulated Multidimensional SAR Data for Techniques Validation

This paper presents a new benchmark for techniques validation based on a multidimensional database of simulated data. By exploiting a SAR simulator of complex targets, series of numerical simulations may be run for specific sets of observation conditions and the results made public. Targets are in principle focused on urban structures, despite any other type of man-made targets may be considered. User interaction has allowed to fix the range of values for some design parameters according to the experience gained with real data. Multi-baseline polarimetric SAR interferometry and SAR tomography are the techniques for which this benchmark has been initially conceived, despite other research areas may also benefit, as multi-temporal or multi-frequency analysis. With the resulting amount of images, an adequate testing set can become available for multidimensional methods, which validation with real imagery is difficult.
Acute Effects of Massage or Active Exercise in Relieving Muscle Soreness: Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Andersen, LL, Jay, K, Andersen, CH, Jakobsen, MD, Sundstrup, E, Topp, R, and Behm, DG. Acute effects of massage or active exercise in relieving muscle soreness: randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 27(12): 3352–3359, 2013—Massage is commonly believed to be the best modality for relieving muscle soreness. However, actively warming up the muscles with exercise may be an effective alternative. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effect of massage with active exercise for relieving muscle soreness. Twenty healthy female volunteers (mean age 32 years) participated in this examiner-blind randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01478451). The participants performed eccentric contractions for the upper trapezius muscle on a Biodex dynamometer. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) presented 48 hours later, at which the participants (a) received 10 minutes of massage of the trapezius muscle or (b) performed 10 minutes of active exercise (shoulder shrugs 10 × 10 reps) with increasing elastic resistance (Thera-Band). First, 1 treatment was randomly applied to 1 shoulder while the contralateral shoulder served as a passive control. Two hours later, the contralateral resting shoulder received the other treatment. The participants rated the intensity of soreness (scale 0–10), and a blinded examiner took measures of pressure pain threshold (PPT) of the upper trapezius immediately before treatment and 0, 10, 20, and 60 minutes after treatment 48 hours posteccentric exercise. Immediately before treatment, the intensity of soreness was 5.0 (SD 2.2) and PPT was 138 (SD 78) kPa. In response to treatment, a significant treatment by time interaction was found for the intensity of soreness (p < 0.001) and PPT (p < 0.05). Compared with control, both active exercise and massage significantly reduced the intensity of soreness and increased PPT (i.e., reduced pain sensitivity). For both types of treatment, the greatest effect on perceived soreness occurred immediately after treatment, whereas the effect on PPT peaked 20 minutes after treatment. In conclusion, active exercise using elastic resistance provides similar acute relief of muscle soreness as compared with that using massage. Coaches, therapists, and athletes can use either active warm-up or massage to reduce DOMS acutely, for example, to prepare for competition or strenuous work, but should be aware that the effect is temporary, that is, the greatest effects occurs during the first 20 minutes after treatment and diminishes within an hour.
Generic delimitations of Central American Bignoniaceae

Generic delimitations in the Bignoniaceae are discussed, a number of Central American genera are reduced to synonymy, and a new genusPseudocatalpa is proposed. Generic mergers includeLevya withCydista, Saldanhaea withCuspidaria, Doxantha withMacfadyena, Pseudocalymma withPachyptera, andPhaedranthus withDistictis. New combinations necessitated by these mergers include the following:Arrabidaea costaricensis (Kränzl.) Gentry,A. pubescens (L.) Gentry,Cuspidaria floribunda (DC.) Gentry,C. weberbaueri (Spr.) Gentry,Cydista aequinoctialis var.hirtella (Benth.) Gentry,Distictis buccinatoria (DC.) Gentry,Macfadyena unguiscati (L.) Gentry,Melloa quadrivalvis (Jacq.) Gentry,Pachyptera alliacea (Lam.) Gentry,P. hymenaea (DC.) Gentry,P. kerere var.incarnata (Aubl.) Gentry,P. standleyi (Steyerm.) Gentry, andPseudocatalpa caudiculata (Standl.) Gentry. In addition, the fruits of several species are described for the first time, and their taxonomic significance is discussed.
Effect of warfarin treatment on thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) activation and TAFI‐mediated inhibition of fibrinolysis

Severe clotting deficiencies are associated with enhanced in vitro fibrinolysis due to insufficient thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) activation. Because oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) with warfarin causes a partial deficiency of vitamin K‐dependent factors, its effect on clot lysability remains unclear.
Monoclonal Antibodies against Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins IIb/IIIa and Ibα Inhibit Platelet Dependent Thrombin Generation by Different Mechanisms

Summary The antithrombotic effect of antiplatelet agents is principally due to their anti-aggregatory action, but these agents may also interfere with coagulation. We have investigated the effect of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to platelet membrane glycoproteins (GP) IIb/IIIa and Iba on thrombin generation. Antibodies to platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (RFGP56 and c7E3) were shown to inhibit platelet-mediated thrombin generation stimulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic methods. An antibody to GP Ibα (RFGP37) also inhibited thrombin generation in these systems. FITC-annexin V was used to determine the effect of these antibodies on the exposure of procoagulant phospholipids on the platelet membrane, and it was found that the anti-IIb/IIIa antibodies reduced this, whereas the anti-Ibα antibody caused an increase. We conclude that our monoclonal antibodies against platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb/IIIa and Ibα inhibit platelet dependent thrombin generation by different mechanisms.
A Coevolutionary Model for The Virus Game

In this paper, coevolution is used to evolve artificial neural networks (ANN) which evaluate board positions of a two player zero-sum game (the virus game). The coevolved neural networks play at a level that beats a group of strong hand-crafted AI players. We investigate the performance of coevolution starting from random initial weights and starting with weights that are tuned by gradient based adaptive learning methods (backpropagation, RPROP and iRPROP). The results of coevolutionary experiments show that pre training of the population is highly effective in this case
A new tumor-specific antigenic peptide encoded by MAGE-6 is presented to cytolytic T lymphocytes by HLA-Cw16.

"Cancer-germline" genes such as those of the MAGE family are expressed in many tumors and in male germline cells, but are silent in normal tissues. They encode shared tumor-specific antigens, which have been used in therapeutic vaccination trials of cancer patients. MAGE-6 is expressed in more than 70% of metastatic melanomas and more than 50% of carcinomas of the lung, esophagus, bladder, and head and neck. We report here the identification of a new MAGE-6 antigenic peptide, which is recognized by a tumor-specific cytolytic T lymphocyte clone isolated from a melanoma patient. The peptide, ISGGPRISY, corresponds to positions 293 to 301 of the MAGE-6 protein sequence and is presented by HLA-Cw1601 molecules.