Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal Preeclampsia Is Associated With Reduced Adolescent Offspring Hip BMD in a UK Population‐Based Birth Cohort

A suboptimal intrauterine environment has been postulated to have adverse long‐term health effects, including an increased risk of osteoporosis. Because preeclampsia (PE) and to a lesser extent gestational hypertension (GH) are associated with impaired placental function, we postulated that these represent hitherto unrecognized risk factors for reduced bone mineral density (BMD) of the offspring. The objective of this study was to investigate if exposure to PE or GH in utero is associated with BMD of the offspring as measured in late adolescence. Mother‐offspring pairs from the UK population‐based cohort study, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), were investigated (n = 3088 with relevant data). Multivariable linear regression was used to examine associations between PE/GH and total body, spine, and total hip BMD at age 17 years. Of the 3088 mother‐offspring pairs, 2% (n = 60) of the mothers fulfilled criteria for PE and 14% (n = 416) for GH. In confounder‐adjusted analyses (ie, age of scan, gender, maternal factors, including BMI, offspring height, fat mass, and lean mass), PE was negatively associated with BMD at the hip (SD difference –0.30; 95%CI, –0.50 to –0.10). This association was not attenuated by further adjustment for gestational age and birth weight, which were hypothesized to be on the causal pathway. There was also weak evidence for a negative association between PE and total body BMD (SD difference –0.17; 95% CI, –0.36 to 0.02), whereas no relationship was evident at the spine (SD difference –0.11; 95% CI, –0.30 to 0.09). In contrast, a positive association of GH with offspring total body, hip, and spine BMD attenuated to the null with adjustment for confounders, in particular confounding via the maternal and offspring adiposity/size and the link between the two. Modest negative associations from exposure to PE, but not GH may represent a hitherto unrecognized risk factor for low BMD. Further exploration of the causal relationship of the in utero environment on subsequent offspring bone health is required. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Discovery of Patterns Using DataStream Engine

Data Stream Mining is the process of extracting knowledge structures from continuous, rapid data records. A data stream is an ordered sequence of instances in many applications of data stream mining can be read only once or a less number of times using limited computing and storage capabilities. The proposed system allows the user to select any type of mining algorithm desired. This makes the system flexible and widely useful in different sectors and stream engine does not make it specific. The results can be compared and viewed as graphs.
The Effectiveness of a Nondiet Multidisciplinary Weight Reduction Program for Severe Overweight Patients with Psychological Comorbidities

Objective. For successful sustainable weight reduction, a multimodal program including behaviour therapy is needed. Lifestyle modification is mostly used for obesity BMI <40 kg/m2. The present study demonstrated the effect of an in-patient nondiet lifestyle program for patients with BMI >40 kg/m2 with psychological comorbidity. Research Methods and Procedere. A retrospective data analysis of 99 participants who passed the program based on moderate activity, healthy and regular food intake over metabolic rate and behaviour therapy was conducted. Results. 64 had a BMI >40 kg/m2 (mean value 49.99 ± 8.74). The relative weight reduction was −6.9 ± 3.9%; (Friedman test P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis for n = 79 revealed that the achievement of the weight reduction goal (0.5 kg per week; predictors: sex, incidence of MTS, duration of in-patient therapy, psychological symptoms, BMI and activity level at baseline) was associated with a shorter duration of in-patient therapy (P = 0.007) and higher BMI at baseline (P = 0.010). Conclusion. Participants with BMI >40 kg/m2 may achieve significant changes of weight reduction and psychological symptoms. However, the primary outcome should not be weight reduction. It is necessary to identify the benefits of lifestyle modification on changing risk profiles and emotional regulation of food intake.
TRANSCRIBING NAMES WITH FOREIGN ORIGIN IN THE ONOMASTICA PROJECT

This paper studies the problem of transcribing foreign names. The transcriptions of first names in five languages have been studied to show examples of how this problem has been dealt with in the Onomastica Multi-Lingual Pronunciation Dictionary of European names. The paper describes this dictionary and the methods used to do the automatic transcriptions for the Swedish part. INTRODUCTION Names have a different morphology and phonology compared to ordinary words. This is the reason why the normal letterto-sound rules used in general text-tospeech systems are inadequate for the transcription of proper names. To deal with the name pronunciation problem, name transcription rules and a name dictionary have to be developed. The objective of the Onomastica project is to produce such rules and a dictionary of European names that will be published on a CD-ROM. This paper will present the problems encountered in the work on this project, and how these have been solved. The transcriptions of first names in five languages are examined to illustrate the problem. The Swedish name transcription system will be presented as well. THE ONOMASTICA DATABASE The objective of the ONOMASTICA project, funded by the LRE-programme, is to build a quality controlled, multilingual pronunciation dictionary of proper names in Europe. The project covers eleven languages: Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish and Swedish. Transcription of up to 1.000. 000 names per language will be produced in a semi-automatic way. The ultimate pronunciation dictionary should include a carefully verified transcription of each name, but due to the limited resources only a subset of the name list can be transcribed and verified manually. The names are transcribed in three different quality bands, where the first band includes transcriptions judged to be correct for some owners of the name. The second band gives transcriptions that are acceptable to a native speaker/listener. The third band contains names that have been transcribed automatically, without manual checking. The names in bands I & II were chosen according to their frequency in the telephone directory, so that a cumulative coverage of at least 80% was obtained. From the Swedish database, described in Table 1, the names that occurred more than five times were selected for transcription in band I, obtaining a cumulative coverage of between close to 95 % for surnames and 100% for town names (almost all places have more than five subscribers). Table 1. The Swedish Name Database Name category # of names names with frequency >5 Surnames 228048 46859 Place names 6373 6120 Titles 27055 5370 Street names 65196 39822 First names 6085
Verifying strong eventual consistency in distributed systems

Data replication is used in distributed systems to maintain up-to-date copies of shared data across multiple computers in a network. However, despite decades of research, algorithms for achieving consistency in replicated systems are still poorly understood. Indeed, many published algorithms have later been shown to be incorrect, even some that were accompanied by supposed mechanised proofs of correctness. In this work, we focus on the correctness of Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs), a class of algorithm that provides strong eventual consistency guarantees for replicated data. We develop a modular and reusable framework in the Isabelle/HOL interactive proof assistant for verifying the correctness of CRDT algorithms. We avoid correctness issues that have dogged previous mechanised proofs in this area by including a network model in our formalisation, and proving that our theorems hold in all possible network behaviours. Our axiomatic network model is a standard abstraction that accurately reflects the behaviour of real-world computer networks. Moreover, we identify an abstract convergence theorem, a property of order relations, which provides a formal definition of strong eventual consistency. We then obtain the first machine-checked correctness theorems for three concrete CRDTs: the Replicated Growable Array, the Observed-Remove Set, and an Increment-Decrement Counter. We find that our framework is highly reusable, developing proofs of correctness for the latter two CRDTs in a few hours and with relatively little CRDT-specific code.
Functional exofacially tagged N-type calcium channels elucidate the interaction with auxiliary α2δ-1 subunits

Significance The auxiliary α2δ-1 subunits of voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels are important therapeutic targets, representing the receptor for gabapentinoid drugs in neuropathic pain therapy. It is therefore important to understand their function. Because α2δ subunits augment calcium currents, it is believed that they increase cell-surface expression of these channels. Here, using exofacially tagged CaV2.2 constructs, we now show this to be the case. However, recent proteomic analysis found that α2δ subunits are associated only loosely and nonquantitatively with CaV2 channels, challenging their role as calcium channel subunits. In contrast, we find that CaV2.2 and α2δ-1 are intimately and completely associated at the plasma membrane and that this is not disrupted by the α2δ-1 ligand gabapentin, which reduces cell-surface expression of both CaV2.2 and α2δ-1. CaV1 and CaV2 voltage-gated calcium channels are associated with β and α2δ accessory subunits. However, examination of cell surface-associated CaV2 channels has been hampered by the lack of antibodies to cell surface-accessible epitopes and of functional exofacially tagged CaV2 channels. Here we report the development of fully functional CaV2.2 constructs containing inserted surface-accessible exofacial tags, which allow visualization of only those channels at the plasma membrane, in both a neuronal cell line and neurons. We first examined the effect of the auxiliary subunits. Although α2δ subunits copurify with CaV2 channels, it has recently been suggested that this interaction is easily disrupted and nonquantitative. We have now tested whether α2δ subunits are associated with these channels at the cell surface. We found that, whereas α2δ-1 is readily observed at the plasma membrane when expressed alone, it appears absent when coexpressed with CaV2.2/β1b, despite our finding that α2δ-1 increases plasma-membrane CaV2.2 expression. However, this was due to occlusion of the antigenic epitope by association with CaV2.2, as revealed by antigen retrieval; thus, our data provide evidence for a tight interaction between α2δ-1 and the α1 subunit at the plasma membrane. We further show that, although CaV2.2 cell-surface expression is reduced by gabapentin in the presence of wild-type α2δ-1 (but not a gabapentin-insensitive α2δ-1 mutant), the interaction between CaV2.2 and α2δ-1 is not disrupted by gabapentin. Altogether, these results demonstrate that CaV2.2 and α2δ-1 are intimately associated at the plasma membrane and allow us to infer a region of interaction.
Edge based segmentation for pedestrian detection using NIR camera

In this paper we present a fast and robust segmentation scheme for a nighttime pedestrian detection system. The system uses an IR source for illumination and (Near Infrared) NIR camera to capture images of a scene at night. A new vertical edge detection method is used to identify edges in images that belong to pedestrians. These edges are further combined to form potential pedestrian image blocks called as ‘candidate blocks’. Tight bound rectangular blocks are obtained from the candidate blocks using intensity profiling. The candidate blocks also undergo a process of elimination based on certain criteria, in order to reduce false positives. Further, two different types of schemes are experimented for tracking of the pedestrian blocks. One is based on template matching and the other is based on image segmentation. Performance characterization of the algorithm has been carried to evaluate its robustness against contrast variations. The experimental results show that the algorithm is robust and fast, for use in real-time applications. Invention disclosure has been filed for the method described here [9].
Retrieval and Mapping of Soil Texture Based on Land Surface Diurnal Temperature Range Data from MODIS

Numerous studies have investigated the direct retrieval of soil properties, including soil texture, using remotely sensed images. However, few have considered how soil properties influence dynamic changes in remote images or how soil processes affect the characteristics of the spectrum. This study investigated a new method for mapping regional soil texture based on the hypothesis that the rate of change of land surface temperature is related to soil texture, given the assumption of similar starting soil moisture conditions. The study area was a typical flat area in the Yangtze-Huai River Plain, East China. We used the widely available land surface temperature product of MODIS as the main data source. We analyzed the relationships between the content of different particle soil size fractions at the soil surface and land surface day temperature, night temperature and diurnal temperature range (DTR) during three selected time periods. These periods occurred after rainfalls and between the previous harvest and the subsequent autumn sowing in 2004, 2007 and 2008. Then, linear regression models were developed between the land surface DTR and sand (> 0.05 mm), clay (< 0.001 mm) and physical clay (< 0.01 mm) contents. The models for each day were used to estimate soil texture. The spatial distribution of soil texture from the studied area was mapped based on the model with the minimum RMSE. A validation dataset produced error estimates for the predicted maps of sand, clay and physical clay, expressed as RMSE of 10.69%, 4.57%, and 12.99%, respectively. The absolute error of the predictions is largely influenced by variations in land cover. Additionally, the maps produced by the models illustrate the natural spatial continuity of soil texture. This study demonstrates the potential for digitally mapping regional soil texture variations in flat areas using readily available MODIS data.
EWFQ : Enhanced Weighted Fair Queuing Scheme ensuring accurate inter-packets spacing

There is a variety of distributed applications (e.g. audio and video conferencing, multimedia information retrieval, ftp, telnet, WWW, etc.) with a wide range of Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. A network meets these requirements primarily by appropriately scheduling its resources. All network switches require an intelligent scheduling algorithm to select a packet from a deserving queue, among those present at an output port, at each packet slot time, where a slot is a time interval long enough to transmit one packet. The Generalized Processor Sharing (GPS) scheme is a general form of the head-of-line processor sharing service disciplines. During any time interval, GPS scheme serves, in parallel, all the non-empty queues 1 in proportion to the service shares of their corresponding sessions. Obviously, GPS scheme cannot be applied to the actual packet-based traffic scenarios, where only one session can receive service at a time, and where an entire packet, must be served before another packet is picked up for the service. GPS scheme is a theoretical model so there are many propositions of queuing disciplines which emulate GPS scheme. The progress of schemes emulating GPS scheme can be presented in the following order:
Entropy-Based Age Estimation of Blog Authors

In this investigation, we propose a probabilistic approach for estimating the ages of blog authors in Japan by means of naive Bayesian classifier. We can learn context of characteristic words appeared in training data in terms of entropy. The key idea is that we extract feature words specific to authors' ages, and we estimate ages of the blog authors. We show the effectiveness of our approach by experimental results.
Serious gaming for orthotopic liver transplant anesthesiology: A randomized control trial

Anesthetic management of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is complex. Given the unequal distributions of liver transplant surgeries performed at different centers, anesthesiology providers receive relatively uneven OLT training and exposure. One well‐suited modality for OLT training is the “serious game,” an interactive application created for the purpose of imparting knowledge or skills, while leveraging the self‐motivating elements of video games. We therefore developed a serious game designed to teach best practices for the anesthetic management of a standard OLT and determined if the game would improve resident performance in a simulated OLT. Forty‐four residents on the liver transplant rotation were randomized to either the gaming group (GG) or the control group (CG) prior to their introductory simulation. Both groups were given access to the same educational materials and literature during their rotation, but the GG also had access to the OLT Trainer. Performance on the simulations were recorded on a standardized grading rubric. Both groups experienced an increase in score relative to baseline that was statistically significant at every stage. The improvements in scores were greater for the GG participants than the CG participants. Overall score improvement between the GG and CG (mean [standard deviation]) was statistically significant (GG, 7.95 [3.65]; CG, 4.8 [4.48]; P = 0.02), as were scores for preoperative assessment (GG, 2.67 [2.09]; CG, 1.17 [1.43]; P = 0.01) and anhepatic phase (GG, 1.62 [1.01]; CG, 0.75 [1.28]; P = 0.02). Of the residents with game access, 81% were “very satisfied” or “satisfied” with the game overall. In conclusion, adding a serious game to an existing educational curriculum for liver transplant anesthesia resulted in significant learning gains for rotating anesthesia residents. The intervention was straightforward to implement and cost‐effective. Liver Transplantation 23 430–439 2017 AASLD.
FPGA accelerated tate pairing based cryptosystems over binary fields

Tate pairing based cryptosystems have recently emerged as an alternative to traditional public key cryptosystems because of their ability to be used in multi-party identity-based key management schemes. Due to the inherent parallelism of the existing pairing algorithms, high performance can be achieved via hardware realizations. Three schemes for Tate pairing computations have been proposed in the literature: cubic elliptic, binary elliptic, and binary hyperelliptic. For our implementation we have chosen the binary elliptic case because of the simple underlying algorithms and efficient binary arithmetic. In this paper, we propose a new FPGA-based architecture of the Tate pairing-based computation over the binary fields F2239 and F 2283. Even though our field sizes are larger than in the architectures based on cubic elliptic curves or binary hyperelliptic curves with the same security strength, nevertheless fewer multiplications in the underlying field need to performed. As a result, the computational latency for a pairing computation has been reduced, and our implementation runs 10-to-20 times faster than the equivalent implementations of other pairing-based schemes at the same level of security strength. At the same time, an improvement in the product of latency by area by a factor between 12 and 46 for an equivalent type of implementation has been achieved
General Weighted Fairness and its support in Deficit Round Robin with Fragmentation in IEEE 802 . 16 WiMAX 1 , 2

In wireless networks, the definition of fair resource allocation is ambiguous primarily because the wireless channel condition is not constant over time and distance. Two main ways to define fair resource allocation are: by number of allocated slots, i.e., temporalfainess, or the number of transmitted bytes, throughput-fairness. In wireless broadband networks, the quality of services level is associated with the price paid. The throughput fairness is favorable to customers with a poor channel condition or those at a far distance. Slot fairness will be preferred by the customers near the base stations and with good channel. In this paper, we a generalized weighted fairness (GWF) criterion that allows carriers to implement either of the two fairness criterion. Numerical and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effect of GWF. Moreover, we investigate three switch algorithms for GWF: simple switch (imitating the general processor sharing GPS), deficit round robin (DRR), and deficit round robin with fragmentation (DRRF). The results show that the switch algorithms can achieve GWF. Among the three schemes, DRRF achieves the highest throughput with the least overhead.
Host Reticulocytes Provide Metabolic Reservoirs That Can Be Exploited by Malaria Parasites

Human malaria parasites proliferate in different erythroid cell types during infection. Whilst Plasmodium vivax exhibits a strong preference for immature reticulocytes, the more pathogenic P. falciparum primarily infects mature erythrocytes. In order to assess if these two cell types offer different growth conditions and relate them to parasite preference, we compared the metabolomes of human and rodent reticulocytes with those of their mature erythrocyte counterparts. Reticulocytes were found to have a more complex, enriched metabolic profile than mature erythrocytes and a higher level of metabolic overlap between reticulocyte resident parasite stages and their host cell. This redundancy was assessed by generating a panel of mutants of the rodent malaria parasite P. berghei with defects in intermediary carbon metabolism (ICM) and pyrimidine biosynthesis known to be important for P. falciparum growth and survival in vitro in mature erythrocytes. P. berghei ICM mutants (pbpepc-, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and pbmdh-, malate dehydrogenase) multiplied in reticulocytes and committed to sexual development like wild type parasites. However, P. berghei pyrimidine biosynthesis mutants (pboprt-, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and pbompdc-, orotidine 5′-monophosphate decarboxylase) were restricted to growth in the youngest forms of reticulocytes and had a severe slow growth phenotype in part resulting from reduced merozoite production. The pbpepc-, pboprt- and pbompdc- mutants retained virulence in mice implying that malaria parasites can partially salvage pyrimidines but failed to complete differentiation to various stages in mosquitoes. These findings suggest that species-specific differences in Plasmodium host cell tropism result in marked differences in the necessity for parasite intrinsic metabolism. These data have implications for drug design when targeting mature erythrocyte or reticulocyte resident parasites.