Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of Emerging Technologies for Measuring Solid and Liquid Precipitation in Cold Climate as Compared to the Traditional Manual Gauges

AbstractPrecipitation amount, type, and snow depth ) have been analyzed using data collected during the 4Wing Cold Lake Research Project in northeastern Alberta, Canada. The instruments used include the Vaisala present weather detector PWD22 and present weather sensor (FS)11P, the OTT Pluvio2 automatic catchment-type gauge, the manual standard Canadian Nipher (CN) and Type B rain gauges, and a snow ruler. Both the PWD22 and FS11P performed well at detecting snow, rain, and drizzle events as compared to the human observer. The sensors predicted a higher frequency of ice pellet cases than the human observer. Segregation of precipitation phase using temperature alone appeared unrealistic at near-freezing temperatures. All the sensors agreed well at measuring liquid precipitation, but the Pluvio2 gauge with a single Alter shield underestimated the snowfall amount by 40%, mostly due to wind effects. After correcting the CN gauge catch efficiency (CE) due to wind effects, the CE of the Pluvio2 relative to the C.
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS –PREVALENCE,PATHOPHYSIOLOGY,RISK AND TREATMENT

Maria Aziz 1 * and K.S. Yadav 2 . 1. Pri-Med Care, Lewisville Texas, USA 2. RGCP, Bhopal, India *Corresponding author: Maria Aziz, Pri-Med Care, Lewisville Texas, USA . Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Reading minds or reading scripts? De‐intellectualising theory of mind

Understanding the origins of human social cognition is a central challenge in contemporary science. In recent decades, the idea of a ‘Theory of Mind’ (ToM) has emerged as the most popular way of explaining unique features of human social cognition. This default view has been progressively undermined by research on ‘implicit’ ToM, which suggests that relevant precursor abilities may already be present in preverbal human infants and great apes. However, this area of research suffers from conceptual difficulties and empirical limitations, including explanatory circularity, over‐intellectualisation, and inconsistent empirical replication. Our article breaks new ground by adapting ‘script theory’ for application to both linguistic and non‐linguistic agents. It thereby provides a new theoretical framework able to resolve the aforementioned issues, generate novel predictions, and provide a plausible account of how individuals make sense of the behaviour of others. Script theory is based on the premise that pre‐verbal infants and great apes are capable of basic forms of agency‐detection and non‐mentalistic goal understanding, allowing individuals to form event‐schemata that are then used to make sense of the behaviour of others. We show how script theory circumvents fundamental problems created by ToM‐based frameworks, explains patterns of inconsistent replication, and offers important novel predictions regarding how humans and other animals understand and predict the behaviour of others.
Coupling of conformational dynamics and inhibitor binding in the phosphodiesterase‐5 family

Phosphodiesterase‐5 (PDE5) is responsible for regulating the concentration of the second messenger molecule cGMP by hydrolyzing it into 5′‐GMP. PDE5 is implicated in erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. The substrate binding site in the catalytic domain of PDE5 is surrounded by several dynamic structural motifs (including the α14 helix, M‐loop, and H‐loop) that are known to switch between inactive and active conformational states via currently unresolved structural intermediates. We evaluated the conformational dynamics of these structural motifs in the apo state and upon binding of an allosteric inhibitor (evodiamine) or avanafil, a competitive inhibitor. We employed enhanced sampling‐based replica exchange solute scaling (REST2) method, principal component analysis (PCA), time‐lagged independent component analysis (tICA), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and well‐tempered metadynamics simulations to probe the conformational changes in these structural motifs. Our results support a regulatory mechanism for PDE5, where the α14 helix alternates between an inward (lower activity) conformation and an outward (higher activity) conformation that is accompanied by the folding/unfolding of the α8′ and α8″ helices of the H‐loop. When the allosteric inhibitor evodiamine is bound to PDE5, the inward (inactive) state of the α14 helix is preferred, thus preventing substrate access to the catalytic site. In contrast, competitive inhibitors of PDE5 block catalysis by occupying the active site accompanied by stabilization of the outward conformation of the α14 helix. Defining the conformational dynamics underlying regulation of PDE5 activation will be helpful in rational design of next‐generation small molecules modulators of PDE5 activity.
Functional annotation of uncharacterized proteins from Fusobacterium nucleatum: identification of virulence factors

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a gram-negative bacteria associated with diverse infections like appendicitis and colorectal cancer. It mainly attacks the epithelial cells in the oral cavity and throat of the infected individual. It has a single circular genome of 2.7 Mb. Many proteins in F. nucleatum genome are listed as “Uncharacterized. ” Annotation of these proteins is crucial for obtaining new facts about the pathogen and deciphering the gene regulation, functions, and pathways along with discovery of novel target proteins. In the light of new genomic information, an armoury of bioinformatic tools were used for predicting the physicochemical parameters, domain and motif search, pattern search, and localization of the uncharacterized proteins. The programs such as receiver operating characteristics determine the efficacy of the databases that have been employed for prediction of different parameters at 83.6%. Functions were successfully assigned to 46 uncharacterized proteins which included enzymes, transporter proteins, membrane proteins, binding proteins, etc. Apart from the function prediction, the proteins were also subjected to string analysis to reveal the interacting partners. The annotated proteins were also put through homology-based structure prediction and modeling using Swiss PDB and Phyre2 servers. Two probable virulent factors were also identified which could be investigated further for potential drug-related studies. The assigning of functions to uncharacterized proteins has shown that some of these proteins are important for cell survival inside the host and can act as effective drug targets.
QUASI-INVARIANCE OF FERMION PROCESSES WITH J-H ERMITIAN KERNEL

Fermion (or determinantal) processes with J-Hermitian kernel constitute a large class of random point fields which is of interest in math- ematical physics. They generalize the popular family of fermion processes with Hermitian kernel and their existence has been recently established in full generality by Lytvynov (24). In this paper we prove a quasi-invariance property for fermion processes with J-Hermitian kernel. Our findings extend in various directions the corresponding result in Camilier and Decreusefond (10).
Molecular dynamics simulation of ion flows around microparticles

The interaction of an ion flow with charged microparticles is studied by simulations with the molecular asymmetric dynamics (MAD) code. This code treats positive ions as “Yukawa particles” that are shielded by thermal electrons while the microparticle is assumed unshielded. The code is described and critically compared with results from published particle-in-cell simulations of other authors. As an application, the MAD code is used for a systematic study of the repulsive and ion-wake induced attractive forces in a particle pair. It is shown that the combined wake charges of a vertically, flow-aligned particle pair do not lead to a net attractive force. When the lower particle is shifted sidewards, a horizontal restoring force is found, which gives harmonic confinement for small displacements and a decreasing attraction force for a large distance.
Scattered radiation in cone beam computed tomography : analysis, quantification and compensation

For imaging during minimally-invasive treatment in the so-called catheter laboratory conventional X-ray projection imaging is classically used. Particularly in cardio-vascular angiography and neuroradiology, so-called Carm systems are used, enabling a flexible positioning of X-ray tube and detector. In the last years, these systems experienced the most important technical innovation with the introduction of 3D imaging functionality by means of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). With this technique a large number of projections is acquired during a rotation of the C-arm around the patient. Afterwards, these projections are reconstructed to volumetric images using algorithms similar to those used in classical computed tomography. The objective of current research is to improve the 3D image quality in order to extend the imaging capability to high quality low contrast imaging with C-arm X-ray systems. In this context, this thesis addresses the problem of scattered radiation. Because in CBCT with large area X-ray detectors the irradiated patient volume is substantially larger than in classical computed tomography, also the amount of scattered radiation reaching the detector is significantly larger and can even be superior to the amount of primary radiation. Therefore, scattered radiation is a major source of image degradation and nonlinearity in flat-detector based CBCT and is the most severe cause of inhomogeneity artifacts in reconstructed images. The primary objectives of this thesis are the detailed quantitative analysis of scattered radiation, the assessment of existing scatter compensation methods as well as the development of new effective methods for the reduction of scatter induced artifacts. After an introduction to the physical and algorithmic principles of CBCT in the first part of the thesis, at first a detailed quantitative analysis of the characteristics of scattered radiation in projections of CBCT is undertaken. This analysis is based on the advancements of a Monte-Carlo CBCT simulator allowing to study realistic and clinically relevant patient geometries obtained from real data sets of conventional computed tomography. With this method practically noise free reference data sets for typical measure-
New observer-based control design for mismatched uncertain systems with time-delay

In this paper, the state estimation problem for a class of mismatched uncertain time-delay systems is addressed. The estimation uses observer-based control techniques. The mismatched uncertain time-delay systems investigated in this study include mismatched parameter uncertainties in the state matrix and in the delayed state matrix. First, based on a new lemma with appropriately choosing Lyapunov functional, new results for stabilization of mismatched uncertain time-delay systems are provided on the basis of a linear matrix inequality (LMI) framework and the asymptotic convergence properties for the estimation error is ensured. Second, the control and observer gains are given from single LMI feasible solution which can overcome the drawback of the bilinear matrix inequalities approach often reported in the literature. Finally, a numerical example is used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Prognosis of early‐stage lung adenocarcinoma in young patients

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a familiar lung cancer with a poor prognosis. This study was meant to determine whether there are differences in survival between younger and older patients with early‐stage LUAD because of the rise in the incidence of LUAD in young individuals over the previous few decades. We analysed the clinical, therapeutic and prognostic features of a cohort (2012‐2013) of 831 consecutive patients with stage I/II LUAD who underwent curative surgical resection at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed for age, sex, tumour size, tumour stage and therapy in a 2:1 ratio between the two groups without taking gender, illness stage at operation or decisive treatment into account. Following PSM analysis to create a 2:1 match for comparison, the final survival study included 163 patients with early‐stage LUAD <50 years and 326 patients ≥50 years. Surprisingly, younger patients were overwhelmingly female (65.6%) and never smokers (85.9%). There were no statistical differences between the two groups in terms of the overall survival rate (P = 0.067) or time to advancement (P = 0.76). In conclusion, no significant differences stood out between older and younger patients with stage I/II LUAD regarding overall and disease‐free survival rates. Younger patients with early‐stage LUAD were more likely to be female and never smokers, which suggests that risk factors other than active smoking may be responsible for lung carcinogenesis in these patients.
Supplementary Appendix to Autoregressive Moving Average Infinite Hidden Markov-Switching Models

This Appendix contains additional empirical results with respect to the published article. In Section 1, the posterior results for the HDP parameters of the IHMS- ARMA models are presented for the U.S. GDP growth rate and inflation series. In Section 2, we report additional in-sample and forecasting results for the same series. In Section 3, some results for a different truncation choice of the number of regimes in the approximate model are reported. Full paper available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2965441
Non-Hermitian topology in static mechanical metamaterials

The combination of broken Hermiticity and band topology in physical systems unveils a novel bound state dubbed as the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE). Active control that breaks reciprocity is usually used to achieve NHSE, and gain and loss in energy are inevitably involved. Here, we demonstrate non-Hermitian topology in a mechanical metamaterial system by exploring its static deformation. Nonreciprocity is introduced via passive modulation of the lattice configuration without resorting to active control and energy gain/loss. Intriguing physics such as the reciprocal and higher-order skin effects can be tailored in the passive system. Our study provides an easy-to-implement platform for the exploration of non-Hermitian and nonreciprocal phenomena beyond conventional wave dynamics.
Female exposed to the Chinese famine increases the risk of dyslipidemia in later life

The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease theory suggests that early-life malnutrition is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease in adulthood. In this study, we aimed to analyze the association between exposure to the Chinese famine during fetal, childhood, and adolescence, while also exploring potential gender disparities in this association. From August 2018 to 2022 December, a 3-stage stratified random sampling method was employed to recruit 6916 eligible participants in Chongqing for this study. The participants were enrolled into 4 cohorts based on their birthdates: non-exposed, fetal-exposed, childhood-exposed, and adolescence-exposed. Participants were defined as having dyslipidemia according to the 2016 Chinese guideline for the management of dyslipidemia in adults, as well as self-reported dyslipidemia. In total, 6916 eligible participants were interviewed, including 1686 participants exposed when fetal, 1626 participants exposed during childhood, 1648 participants exposed during adolescence, and 1956 participants who had no exposure. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in the non-exposed, fetal-exposed, childhood-exposed, and adolescence-exposed cohorts was 21.43%, 25.00%, 24.38%, 22.52% in males and 20.00%, 36.57%, 34.60%, 32.59% in females, respectively. There was an increased risk of dyslipidemia among females exposed to the Chinese famine during the fetal (odds ratio [OR] = 1.613, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.179–2.205), childhood (OR = 1.857, 95% CI: 1.384–2.491), adolescence (OR = 1.531, 95% CI: 1.137–2.060) stage, However, no significant association was observed in male adults. Exposure to the Chinese famine during fetal, childhood, and adolescence stages increases the risk of dyslipidemia in adulthood in females, but not in males. The observed gender differences may be attributed to mortality advantage and son preference in China.
Experimental Apparatus for Quantum Pumping with a Bose-Einstein Condensate

Quantum pumping is a method of transporting particles through a circuit without an external applied voltage or chemical potential, but instead with localized time-varying potentials. Ballistic quantum pumping has been theorized in mesoscopic solid state systems, but experimental verifications have been challenging due to the capacitive coupling and rectification inherent to electronic systems. Using ultracold neutral atoms to test and verify the theoretical predictions of quantum pumping reduces these challenges while providing the advantages of easy confinement and manipulation, a high degree of coherence, and bosons as well as fermions. In addition, ultracold atoms allow smooth tunability between classical thermal gases and quantum gases. Here, we design, build, characterize, and optimize a dual-species experimental apparatus capable of quantum pumping experiments with Bose-Einstein condensates on an atom chip. We produce quasi-pure Rb Bose-Einstein condensates of ≈ 10 atoms and successfully laser-cool K. We lay the experimental groundwork for quantum pumping experiments with ultracold atoms and characterize the classical dynamics of the system. These classical dynamics are supported with theoretical modeling that we have developed to compare the dramatic differences between the classical and quantum results of a double barrier turnstile pump as well as its single barrier building blocks.
Continuation of Nesterov's Smoothing for Regression with Structured Sparsity in High-Dimensional Neuroimaging

Predictive models can be used on high-dimensional brain images for diagnosis of a clinical condition. Spatial regularization through structured sparsity offers new perspectives in this context and reduces the risk of overfitting the model while providing interpretable neuroimaging signatures by forcing the solution to adhere to domain-specific constraints. Total Variation (TV) enforces spatial smoothness of the solution while segmenting predictive regions from the background. We consider the problem of minimizing the sum of a smooth convex loss, a non-smooth convex penalty (whose proximal operator is known) and a wide range of possible complex, non-smooth convex structured penalties such as TV or overlapping group Lasso. Existing solvers are either limited in the functions they can minimize or in their practical capacity to scale to high-dimensional imaging data. Nesterov's smoothing technique can be used to minimize a large number of non-smooth convex structured penalties but reasonable precision requires a small smoothing parameter, which slows down the convergence speed. To benefit from the versatility of Nesterov's smoothing technique, we propose a first order continuation algorithm, CONESTA, which automatically generates a sequence of decreasing smoothing parameters. The generated sequence maintains the optimal convergence speed towards any globally desired precision. Our main contributions are: To propose an expression of the duality gap to probe the current distance to the global optimum in order to adapt the smoothing parameter and the convergence speed. We provide a convergence rate, which is an improvement over classical proximal gradient smoothing methods. We demonstrate on both simulated and high-dimensional structural neuroimaging data that CONESTA significantly outperforms many state-of-the-art solvers in regard to convergence speed and precision.
Haploidentical donor hematopoietic cell transplantation for myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative overlap neoplasms: results from a North American collaboration

Haploidentical donors offer a potentially readily available donor, especially for non-White patients, for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). In this North American collaboration, we retrospectively analyzed outcomes of first HCT using haploidentical donor and post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) in myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN) overlap neoplasms (MDS/MPN). We included 120 consecutive patients who underwent HCT using a haploidentical donor for MDS/MPN across 15 centers. Median age was 62.5 years and 38% were of non-White/Caucasian ethnicity. The median follow-up was 2.4 years. Graft failure was reported in seven of 120 (6%) patients. At 3 years, non-relapse mortality (NRM) was 25% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17-34), relapse 27% (95% CI: 18-36), grade 3-4 acute graft-versus-host disease 12% (95% CI: 6-18), chronic graft-versus-host disease requiring systemic immunosuppression 14% (95% CI: 7-20), progression-free survival (PFS) 48% (95% CI: 39-59), and overall survival (OS) 56% (95% CI: 47-67). On multivariable analysis, NRM was statistically significantly associated with advancing age at HCT (per decade increment, subdistribution hazard ratio [sdHR] =3.28; 95% CI: 1.30-8.25); relapse with the presence of mutation in EZH2/RUNX1/SETBP1 (sdHR=2.61; 95% CI: 1.06-6.44); PFS with advancing age at HCT (per decade increment, HR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.13-3.45); and OS with advancing age at HCT (per decade increment, HR=2.01; 95% CI: 1.11-3.63) and splenomegaly at HCT/prior splenectomy (HR=2.20; 95% CI: 1.04-4.65). Haploidentical donors are a viable option for HCT in MDS/MPN, especially for those disproportionately represented in the unrelated donor registry. Hence, donor mismatch should not preclude HCT for patients with MDS/MPN, an otherwise incurable malignancy. In addition to patient age, disease-related factors including splenomegaly and high-risk mutations dominate outcomes following HCT.
The role of Erzhi Tiangui formula in expected poor ovarian responders undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Introduction: Advanced age is one of the primary risk factors for infertility. Poor ovarian response (POR) to exogenous gonadotropin is a prominent characteristic of advanced-age women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET), which results in fewer retrieved oocytes and poor pregnancy outcomes. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been shown to improve female fertility. Erzhi Tiangui (EZTG) formula, in the form of granules with 10 herbal ingredients, demonstrated potential benefits in improving oocyte and embryo quality and ovarian reserve. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EZTG formula. Method: The study is a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial (RCT), which will be conducted at 10 reproductive centers of tertiary hospitals. This study will enroll 480 women with expected POR of advanced age (≥35 years old) who fulfill the 2011 Bologna criteria. Participants will be assigned to either the EZTG group or the placebo group at random in an equal ratio. Each individual will receive conventional IVF-ET with EZTG granules or placebo as a complementary treatment. The primary outcome is the number of oocytes retrieved. Adverse events and safety assessments will be also conducted. Discussion: This study aims to provide robust evidence of the efficacy and safety of EZTG formula as a complementary treatment for advanced-age women with expected POR undergoing IVF-ET.