Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Test and Optimization of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Threshing Device Based on DEM

Gridded concave plate sieves are usually used for threshing operations of grain and oilseed crops. In response to the problems of high threshing loss rate and grain breakage rate when threshing oilseed rape, this research modified the threshing concave plate of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) harvesters to improve the performance and efficiency of oilseed rape separation. The improved threshing concave plate adopts a 360° wrap angle, and a guide plate with an adjustable inflow angle is designed on the inner side of the concave plate. The optimal combination of parameters for the threshing device is determined by simulation analysis and field testing. Single-factor simulations of the threshing cylinder speed and guide plate angle are carried out using EDEM, which showed that both are influencing factors for the force and speed of the oilseed rape particles. A three-factor and three-level orthogonal experiment was undertaken to validate the simulation analysis further. The threshing cylinder speed, concave plate speed, and guide plate angle were influencing factors. The threshing loss rate and grain breakage rate are evaluation indicators. The field validation tests are carried out on concave plates with 180° wrap angle and 360° wrap angle, the results showed that the concave plate with 360° wrap angle reduces the threshing loss rate by 4.25%, the grain breakage rate by 0.93%, and improved the harvesting efficiency by 0.31 km/h when the threshing cylinder speed was 81.89 rad/s, concave plate speed was 9.34 rad/s, and guide plate angle was 40°. This study demonstrates that the concave plate with a 360° wrap angle has better performance and operational efficiency, and it provides design ideas for threshing devices for other crop combine harvesters.
Probing the anisotropic expansion from supernovae and GRBs in a model-independent way

In this paper, we study the anisotropic expansion of the universe using type Ia supernovae Union 2.1 sample and 116 long gamma-ray bursts. The luminosity distance is expanded with model-independent cosmographic parameters as a function of $z/(1+z)$ directly. Thus the results are independent of cosmology model. We find a dipolar anisotropy in the direction ($l=309.2^\circ \pm 15.8^\circ$, $b=-8.6^\circ \pm 10.5^\circ$) in galactic coordinates with a significant evidence $97.29\%$ (more than $2~\sigma$). The magnitude is $(1.37\pm 0.57) \times 10^{-3}$ for the dipole, and $(2.6\pm 2.1)\times 10^{-4}$ for the monopole, respectively. This dipolar anisotropy is more significant at low redshift from the redshift tomography analysis. We also test whether this preferred direction is caused by bulk flow motion or dark energy dipolar scalar perturbation. We find that the direction and the amplitude of the bulk flow in our results are approximately consistent with the bulk flow surveys. Therefore, bulk flow motion may be the main reason for the anisotropic expansion at low redshift, but the effect of dipolar distribution dark energy can not be excluded, especially at high redshift.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF TURBULENT MIXING LAYERS WITH NON-EQUILIBRIUM IONIZATION CALCULATIONS

Highly ionized species, such as C iv, N v, and O vi, are commonly observed in diffuse gas in various places in the universe, such as in our Galaxy's disk and halo, high velocity clouds (HVCs), external galaxies, and the intergalactic medium. These ions are often used to trace hot gas whose temperature is a few times 105 K. One possible mechanism for producing high ions is turbulent mixing of cool gas (such as that in a high or intermediate velocity cloud) with hotter (a few times 106 K) gas in locations where these gases slide past each other. By using hydrodynamic simulations with radiative cooling and non-equilibrium ionization (NEI) calculations, we investigate the physical properties of turbulent mixing layers and the production of high ions (C iv, N v, and O vi). We find that most of the mixing occurs on the hot side of the hot/cool interface, where denser cool gas is entrained and mixed into the hotter, more diffuse gas. Our simulations reveal that the mixed region separates into a tepid zone containing radiatively cooled, C iv-rich gas and a hotter zone which is rich in C iv, N v, and O vi. The hotter zone contains a mixture of low and intermediate ions contributed by the cool gas and intermediate and high-stage ions contributed by the hot gas. Mixing occurs faster than ionization or recombination, making the mixed gas a better source of C iv, N v, and O vi in our NEI simulations than in our collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) simulations. In addition, the gas radiatively cools faster than the ions recombine, which also allows large numbers of C iv, N v, and O vi ions to linger in the NEI simulations. For these reasons, our NEI calculations predict more C iv, N v, and O vi than our CIE calculations predict. We also simulate various initial configurations and find that more C iv is produced when the shear speed is smaller or the hot gas has a higher temperature. We find no significant differences between simulations having different perturbation amplitudes in the initial boundary between the hot and cool gas. We discuss the results of our simulations, compare them with observations of the Galactic halo and highly ionized HVCs, and compare them with other models, including other turbulent mixing calculations. The ratios of C iv to N v and N v to O vi are in reasonable agreement with the averages calculated from observations of the halo. There is a great deal of variation from sightline to sightline and with time in our simulations. Such spatial and temporal variation may explain some of the variation seen among observations.
Effect of Not Having Homogeneous Test Units in Accelerated Life Tests

In accelerated life tests (ALTs), test units are run at higher stress levels in order to experience more failures. A Weibull regression model can, in this case, be used to infer failure behavior at the normal stress level. In practice, statistical analyses usually do not take batch differences into account even when they are present. To correctly include batch differences in the analysis, one needs to use a regression model with random effects. In this paper, we use such a model to show that ignoring batch differences in modeling can result in overly precise estimates of quantiles and probabilities of failure at the normal stress level, as well as overly precise predictions of the failure time for a new unit at the normal stress level.
Internet regulation and crisis-related resilience: from Covid-19 to existential risks

ABSTRACT A broad literature on Internet regulation relies on imaginaries of the Internet as a socio-political technology. Deep mediatization of everyday life, however, increases the role of the Internet as a critical system for crisis response and mitigating global catastrophic risks. This article offers a theoretical contribution to exploring the role of regulation in crises through critical engagement with the concept of mediatization. The article addresses the question of what is “the meaning of Internet regulation in crisis situations and how it may diminish capacity to address future emergencies? ” It stresses that understanding the consequences of mediatization in the context of future crises requires an exploration of Internet regulation from the mediational perspective and of the concept of generativity. Relying on an analysis of the role of digital platforms in Russia during the Covid-19 pandemic, the article illustrates how different forms of regulation limit resilience by restricting the generative potential of innovations that offer new forms of response to emerging threats. It highlights how the limitation of political freedoms in specific countries and the degree of global catastrophic risk are interrelated.
Evaluation of baseline cleanliness of food contact surfaces in Basrah Governorate restaurants using ATP-bioluminescence to assess the effectiveness of HACCP application in Iraq

The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system prevents and manages physical, chemical and biological risks at places where foods and beverages are processed, packaged, distributed and consumed. The present study (1) assessed the level of microbial contamination of food contact surfaces using adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-bioluminescence in Iraq restaurants; (2) investigated the level of microbial contamination of food contact surfaces; and (3) evaluated the efficiency of sanitizers in removing biological hazards from food contact surfaces. The ATP-bioluminescence discovered the presence of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on surfaces and tools. Results also showed that the HACCP application was very effective in the amelioration of food quality.
An efficient early detection of diabetic retinopathy using dwarf mongoose optimization based deep belief network

In general, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common ocular disease that causes damage to the retina due to blood leakage from the vessels. Earlier detection of DR becomes a complicated task and it is necessary to prevent complete blindness. Various physical examinations are employed in DR detection but manual diagnosis results in misclassification results. Therefore, this article proposes a novel technique to predict and classify the DR disease effectively. The significant objective of the proposed approach involves the effective classification of fundus retinal images into two namely, normal (absence of DR) and abnormal (presence of DR). The proposed DR detection utilizes three vital phases namely, the data preprocessing, image augmentation, feature extraction, and classification. Initially, the image preprocessing is done to remove unwanted noises and to enhance images. Then, the preprocessed image is augmented to enhance the size and quality of the training images. This article proposes a novel modified Gaussian convolutional deep belief network based dwarf mongoose optimization algorithm for effective extraction and classification of retinal images. In this article, an ODIR‐2019 dataset is employed in detecting and classifying DR disease. Finally, the experimentation is carried out and the proposed approach achieved 97% of accuracy. This implies that our proposed approach effectively classifies the fundus retinal images.
Competition between two- and three-sublattice ordering for S=1 spins on the square lattice

We provide strong evidence that the S = 1 bilinear-biquadratic Heisenberg model with nearest-neighbor interactions on the square lattice possesses an extended three-sublattice phase induced by quantum fluctuations for sufficiently large biquadratic interactions, in spite of the bipartite nature of the lattice. The argumentation relies on exact diagonalizations of finite clusters and on a semiclassical treatment of quantum fluctuations within linear flavor-wave theory. In zero field, this three-sublattice phase is purely quadrupolar, and upon increasing the field it replaces most of the plateau at 1/2 that is predicted by the classical theory.
Effects of Different Sources of Iron on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Intestinal Barrier Functions in Weaned Pigs

To explore the effect of different sources of iron on growth performance and intestinal health, 24 weaned pigs were randomly allocated to three groups and fed with a basal diet (BD) or BD containing 100 mg/kg ferrous sulfate (FS) or ferrous glycine (FG). The trial lasted for 21 d, and blood and tissue were collected for analysis. Results showed that FG significantly decreased the feed-to-gain ratio and increased the iron content in the liver and tibia (p < 0.05). Both FS and FG elevated bladder and fecal iron content and significantly elevated the contents of red blood cells, hemoglobin (HGB), and ferritin in the blood (p < 0.05). FG supplementation increased the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM, but decreased the concentrations of D-lactate and endotoxin (p < 0.05). Interestingly, FG significantly increased the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V/C) in the duodenum and ileum (p < 0.05). FG supplementation also increased the abundance of tight-junction protein ZO-1 but significantly decreased the rate of apoptosis in the jejunum (p < 0.05). Moreover, the activities of jejunal sucrase, maltase, and catalase (CAT) in the FG group were higher than that in other groups (p < 0.05). Importantly, FG not only elevated the expression levels of cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT1) in the duodenal and jejunum but also elevated the expression levels of glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) and sodium/glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1) in the ileum (p < 0.05). These results indicated that appropriate iron supplementation is beneficial to piglet intestinal health by enhancing immunity and improving antioxidant capacity, and FG may serve as an efficient substitute for conventionally used iron sources.
Pro-Apoptotic and Anti-Migration Properties of a Thiazoline-Containing Platinum(II) Complex in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells: The Role of Melatonin as a Synergistic Agent

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive cancer insensitive to hormonal and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapies and has a poor prognosis. Therefore, there is a need for the development of convenient anticancer strategies for the management of TNBC. In this paper, we evaluate the antitumoral potential of a platinum(II) complex coordinated with the ligand 2-(3,5-diphenylpyrazol-1-yl)-2-thiazoline (DPhPzTn), hereafter PtDPhPzTn, against the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231, and compared its effect with both cisplatin and its less lipophilic counterpart PtPzTn, the latter containing the ligand 2-(pyrazol-1-yl)-2-thiazoline (PzTn). Then, the putative potentiating actions of melatonin, a naturally occurring antioxidant with renowned antitumor properties, on the tumor-killing ability of PtDPhPzTn were also checked in TNBC cells. Our results show that PtDPhPzTn presented enhanced cytotoxicity compared to both the classical drug cisplatin and PtPzTn. In addition, PtDPhPzTn was able to induce apoptosis, being more selective for MDA-MB-231 cells when compared to non-tumor breast epithelial MCF10A cells. Likewise, PtDPhPzTn produced moderate S phase arrest and greatly impaired the migration ability of MDA-MB-231 cells. Most importantly, the co-stimulation of TNBC cells with PtDPhPzTn and melatonin substantially enhanced apoptosis and markedly improved the anti-migratory action compared to PtDPhPzTn alone. Altogether, our findings provide evidence that PtDPhPzTn and melatonin could be potentially applied to breast cancer treatment as powerful synergistic agents.
Computation of unsteady transonic flows through rotating and stationary cascades. 3: Acoustic far-field analysis

A small perturbation type analysis has been developed for the acoustic far field in an infinite duct extending upstream and downstream of an axial turbomachinery stage. The analysis is designed to interface with a numerical solution of the near field of the blade rows and, thereby, to provide the necessary closure condition to complete the statement of infinite duct boundary conditions for the subject problem. The present analysis differs from conventional inlet duct analyses in that a simple harmonic time dependence was not assumed, since a transient signal is generated by the numerical near-field solution and periodicity is attained only asymptotically. A description of the computer code developed to carry out the necessary convolutions numerically is included, as well as the results of a sample application using an impulsively initiated harmonic signal.
Quantum mutual information along unitary orbits

Motivated by thermodynamic considerations, we analyse the variation of the quantum mutual information on a unitary orbit of a bipartite system's state, with and without global constraints such as energy conservation. We solve the full optimisation problem for the smallest system of two qubits, and explore thoroughly the effect of unitary operations on the space of reduced-state spectra. We then provide applications of these ideas to physical processes within closed quantum systems, such as a generalized collision model approach to thermal equilibrium and a global Maxwell demon playing tricks on local observers. For higher dimensions, the maximization of correlations is relatively straightforward for equal-sized subsystems, however their minimisation displays non-trivial structures. We characterise a set of separable states in which the minimally correlated state resides: a collection of classically correlated states admitting a particular "Young tableau" form. Furthermore, a partial order exists on this set with respect to individual marginal entropies, and the presence of a "see-saw effect" for these entropies forces a finer analysis to determine the optimal tableau.
Backtesting Strategies Based on Multiple Signals

Strategies selected by combining multiple signals suffer severe overfitting biases, because underlying signals are typically signed such that each predicts positive in-sample returns. “Highly significant” backtested performance is easy to generate by selecting stocks on the basis of combinations of randomly generated signals, which by construction have no true power. This paper analyzes t-statistic distributions for multi-signal strategies, both empirically and theoretically, to determine appropriate critical values, which can be several times standard levels. Overfitting bias also severely exacerbates the multiple testing bias that arises when investigators consider more results than they present. Combining the best k out of n candidate signals yields a bias almost as large as those obtained by selecting the single best of n k candidate signals.
Intrinsic alignment boosting - Direct measurement of intrinsic alignments in cosmic shear data

Aims. Intrinsic alignments constitute the major astrophysical systematic for cosmological weak lensing surveys. We present a purely geometrical method with which one can study gravitational shear-intrinsic ellipticity correlations directly in weak lensing data. Methods. Linear combinations of second-order cosmic shear measures are constructed such that the intrinsic alignment signal is boosted while suppressing the contribution by gravitational lensing. We then assess the performance of a specific parametrisation of the weights entering these linear combinations for three representative survey models. Moreover a relation between this boosting technique and the intrinsic alignment removal via nulling is derived. Results. For future all-sky weak lensing surveys with photometric redshift information the boosting technique yields statistical errors on model parameters of intrinsic alignments whose order of magnitude is compatible with current constraints determined from indirect measurements. Parameter biases due to a residual cosmic shear signal are negligible in case of quasi-spectroscopic redshifts and remain sub-dominant for typical values of the photometric redshift scatter. We find good agreement between the performance of the intrinsic alignment removal based on the boosting technique and standard nulling methods, both reducing the cumulative signalto-noise by about a factor of 6, which possibly indicates a fundamental limit in the separation of lensing and intrinsic alignment signals.
Discrete Methods used in Graph Theory and Linear Programming

The content of the thesis is divided into two parts; graph theory and linear programming. The main results in the first part concerns extremal graph theory. Here we want to determine the number of edges in a graph needed to ensure the existence of certain local structures. Upper and lower bounds are given for the number of edges in a graph to ensure triangles and quadrilaterals respectively, when a transition system defined through local edge colourings is taken in account. Partial results on the Erdos-Sos conjecture and Loebl-Komlos-Sos conjecture are given in the affirmative, both for new classes of graphs and for new classes of trees. A proof that every complete graph without monochromatic triangles contains a properly coloured hamiltonian path is also given. In linear programming we study the perceptron algorithm and different modifications in detail, including some geometrical properties of the unit sphere in higher dimensions. An optimal lower bound on the probability that two n-dimensional unit vectors have an inner product of at least 1/sqrt{n} is proved. Modifications to increase the expected time taken by the algorithm with a factor n², compared to earlier algorithms, are made. Also, generalisations of different parts of the modified perceptron algorithm, to make it approximating a maximal margin, are constructed in the thesis. (Less)
68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT Features Extracted from Different Radiomic Zones Predict Response to Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer

Simple Summary Androgen deprivation therapy plays a key role in the therapeutic management of patients with advanced prostate cancer. However, prediction of response before treatment initiation remains difficult. This study was undertaken to investigate whether 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT imaging features extracted from different prostatic zones (zone-1, zone-2, and zone-3) might predict response to androgen deprivation therapy in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Seven radiomic features extracted from zone-1 were identified as significantly associated with treatment response. In addition, two radiomic features from zone-2 and two from zone-3 were able to distinguish between different treatment response groups. Our findings demonstrate the potential usefulness of radiomic features extracted from different prostatic zones in predicting treatment response prior to androgen deprivation therapy. Abstract Purpose: Prediction of treatment response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) prior to treatment initiation remains difficult. This study was undertaken to investigate whether 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT features extracted from different radiomic zones within the prostate gland might predict response to ADT in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: A total of 35 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma underwent two 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scans—termed PET-1 and PET-2—before and after 3 months of ADT, respectively. The prostate was divided into three radiomic zones, with zone-1 being the metabolic tumor zone, zone-2 the proximal peripheral tumor zone, and zone-3 the extended peripheral tumor zone. Patients in the response group were those who showed a reduction ratio > 30% for PET-derived parameters measured at PET-1 and PET-2. The remaining patients were classified as non-responders. Results: Seven features (glcm_idmn, glcm_idn, glcm_imc1, ngtdm_Contrast, glrlm_rln, gldm_dn, and shape_MeshVolume) from zone-1, two features (gldm_sdlgle and shape_MinorAxisLength) from zone-2, and two features (diagnostics_Mask-interpolated_Minimum and shape_Sphericity) from zone-3 successfully distinguished responders from non-responders to ADT. One predictive feature (shape_SurfaceVolumeRatio) was consistently identified in all of the three zones. Conclusions: this study demonstrates the potential usefulness of radiomic features extracted from different prostatic zones in distinguishing responders from non-responders prior to ADT initiation.