Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Four modalities of the experience of others in groups

The ways in which group members experience and interact with one another has been explored in philosophy from Greek antiquity to the present. In modern European philosophy, beginning with the Enlightenment, the problem of ‘the Other’ has been taken up by empirical, idealist, phenomenological and existential philosophers. Based on such philosophical discourse, this article presents a fourfold schema of ‘modalities’ through which people acquire knowledge of one another in groups. The four modalities are as follows: (1) ‘Mind’, the use of reason, cognition and sense data to form a model of the other person’s mental processes; (2) ‘Body’, the intuitive, empathic, embodied perception of others; (3) ‘Gaze’, the establishment of power and authority by scrutiny of each other’s presentation of self; and (4) ‘Face’, the ethical imperative presented by the Other. The ideas of (1) Descartes, Locke and Kant; (2) Merleau-Ponty; (3) Sartre and Foucault; and (4) Levinas are discussed to elucidate each modality. The relationships between the modalities, group analytic theory and neuroscience are explored to build bridges between philosophy, group theory and practice, and the neuroscience of the social brain.
Analysis of engagement factor in trajectory tracking-based experiment

The main objective of this work is to study the degree of engagement levels of human subjects in completing a series of tasks based on their physiological signals. The tasks are in the form of tracking a set of trajectories on the computer screen by using a mouse. The subjects are chosen randomly based on both sexes, aged from 20 to 40 years old. After completing the required tasks in a series of experiments, the subjects are given a set of questions to answer In particular, for the experiment, the subjects are asked to track a set of prescribed paths within the allocated times in order to adhere to different speed constraints. Various shapes of trajectories with various colours are given to the subjects in order to study the degree of engagements while performing the tasks. In estimating the degree of engagement level, the physiological signals; namely the electrooculogram (EOG) are recorded by using the G-tec data acquisition system. By using these signals, information on the endogenous type of eye blinking is extracted. After completing the experiments, a set of questionnaires are given to the subjects to measure the degree of engagement level. The questionnaire works as an important tool to validate the engagement model deduced from the experiment done earlier by the subjects. Preliminary analysis on the questionnaire shows a good match to the deduction made from the experimental results.
Workload Balancing for Highly Available Services: The Case of the N+M Redundancy Model

In today's information based world the demand on highly available services is ever increasing. Fault tolerant systems are capable of providing the expected services even in the presence of a failure. This is achieved through the redundancy of the service providers, where service assignments i.e. workloads are shifted to redundant healthy service providers when a failure occurs. The assignment and the shift are performed according to a redundancy model. A well-known redundancy model is the N+M where we have N active service providers and M standbys. In case of a failure of an active provider, the services are reassigned to its standbys. Maintaining a balanced workload before and after a failure in the N+M redundancy is a challenging task. Especially when the solution is decided at configuration time, and no runtime information is available. This is exactly the issue we tackle in this paper. We present three different approaches aiming at solving this problem with different priorities of the relevant constraints. Our solutions do not require any runtime information and can maintain a balanced workload even after a failure by anticipating the workload redistribution.
Rheolytic thrombectomy and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade for stent thrombosis

Conventional transcatheter‐based strategies result in good procedural success but poor clinical outcome in the treatment of intracoronary stent thrombosis. A combined approach of mechanical thrombus burden reduction using AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy with adjunctive glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonists has not been studied. Between July 1998 and August 2000, 15 patients (17 procedures) underwent AngioJet thrombectomy for stent thrombosis at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Patients were followed clinically through 6 months following the AngioJet procedure. All patients presented with signs of acute myocardial infarction at a median of 6 days following the original stenting procedure. Most vessels (88%) were occluded at presentation. A GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor was administered during 16 of the 17 procedures. Rheolytic thrombectomy resulted in complete removal of filling defects in all reviewed cases and led to significant improvement in lumen diameter and TIMI flow with reduction in the thrombotic lesion length (all P values < 0.05). Angiographic success (< 30% residual stenosis, TIMI 3 flow) was attained in all but one procedure. No patient required emergent coronary bypass grafting, repeat coronary angioplasty, or died in‐hospital. At 6 months, there were no deaths and repeat revascularization was performed in four patients (29%). A combined approach of rheolytic thrombectomy with adjunctive GP IIb/IIIa blockade was highly effective in resolving stent thrombosis and was associated with favorable acute and long‐term outcomes. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:24–30. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel solid phase-based ELISA assays contribute to an improved detection of anti-HLA antibodies and to an increased reliability of pre- and post-transplant crossmatching

Antibodies directed against HLA antigens of a given organ donor represent the dominating reason for hyper-acute or acute allograft rejections. In order to select recipients without donor-specific antibodies, a standard crossmatch (CM) procedure, the complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay (CDC), was developed. This functional assay strongly depends on the availability of isolated vital lymphocytes of a given donor. However, the requirements of the donor’s material may often not be fulfilled, so that the detection of the antibodies directed against HLA molecules is either impaired or becomes completely impossible. To circumvent the disadvantages of the CDC procedure, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based and other solid phase-based ELISA-related techniques have been designed to reliably detect anti-HLA antibodies in recipients. Due to the obvious advantages of these novel technologies, when compared with the classical CDC assay, there is an urgent need to implement them as complementary methods or even as a substitution for the conventional CDC crossmatch that is currently being applied by all tissue typing laboratories.
Impact of Hydrogen on Graphene-based Materials: Atomistic Modeling and Simulation of HRSTEM Images

The hydrogen energy transition is highly probable, because hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe and represents an ideal “green” source of energy. Meanwhile, the safe hydrogen production and storage remains a major challenge still in progress. Potential production and storage materials include graphene. In terms of electronic and optoelectronic applications, hydrogen can tune the bandgap of graphene [1]. Hydrogen also plays a major role during the Chemical Vapour Decomposition (CVD) growth of graphene [2]. Hence, hydrogenated graphene-based materials are potentially relevant for various technological applications. To understand and optimize the device efficiency and the interface engineering, it is advantageous to perform advanced nanocharacterizations, linked to numerical modelling and simulations. This task is particularly difficult, because hydrogen is labile and prone to rapid reorganization. This structural evolution may be monitored with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques [3,4,5], but in spite of significant progresses, the direct detection of hydrogen with High Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRSTEM) or energy-loss spectroscopy still remains a serious challenge. We investigate here the interaction of hydrogen with graphene using the Brenner module of the SAMSON software platform https://www.samson-connect.net and we propose an original methodology to characterize its structural arrangement at the atomic scale by simulating HRSTEM images to interpret experimental results. In particular, we compare the effect of hydrogen on dark field (DF), bright field (BF), high-angle annular dark filed (HAADF) and annular bright field (ABF) images, to estimate the best technique suited to hydrogen detection. In addition, we present the effect of carbon vacancies and adatoms on the stability of hydrogen coverage, associated to the HRSTEM signatures of the most stable configurations. These results provide the necessary building blocks to analyze the structure and energetics of hydrogenated graphene-based materials at the atomic scale.
Genomic Estimates of Aneuploid Content in Glioblastoma Multiforme and Improved Classification

Purpose: Accurate classification of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is crucial for understanding its biologic diversity and informing diagnosis and treatment. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project identified four GBM classes using gene expression data and separately identified three classes using methylation data. We sought to integrate multiple data types in GBM classification, understand biologic features of the newly defined subtypes, and reconcile with prior studies. Experimental Design: We used allele-specific copy number data to estimate the aneuploid content of each tumor and incorporated this measure of intratumor heterogeneity in class discovery. We estimated the potential cell of origin of individual subtypes and the euploid and aneuploid fractions using reference datasets of known neuronal cell types. Results: There exists an unexpected correlation between aneuploid content and the observed among-tumor diversity of expression patterns. Joint use of DNA and mRNA data in ab initio class discovery revealed a distinct group that resembles the Proneural subtype described in a separate study and the glioma-CpG island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP+) class based on methylation data. Three additional subtypes, Classical, Proliferative, and Mesenchymal, were also identified and revised the assignment for many samples. The revision showed stronger differences in patient outcome and clearer cell type–specific signatures. Mesenchymal GBMs had higher euploid content, potentially contributed by microglia/macrophage infiltration. Conclusion: We clarified the confusion about the “Proneural” subtype that was defined differently in different prior studies. The ability to infer within-tumor heterogeneity improved class discovery, leading to new subtypes that are closer to the fundamental biology of GBM. Clin Cancer Res; 18(20); 5595–605. ©2012 AACR.
A fast p-sensitive l-diversity Anonymisation algorithm

Use of published organizational data for a variety of purposes has the chance of violation of leakage of individual secret information. Though this is taken care by the organizations by removal or encryption of explicit identifiers, valuable information may still be leaked by quasi identifiers in the released data. The concept of k-anonymity was introduced and several algorithms in this direction have been proposed by different researchers [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11] to handle this problem. But the notion of k-anonymity is susceptible to two types of attacks which necessitated the requirement of a better privacy preserving notion leading to the proposal of l- diversity [6]. In [14] a third phase is added to the two phase clustering-based k-anonymisation algorithm OKA [4] to achieve l-diversity. Recently, the clustering stage of the algorithm has been improved in [14] and the diversity stage algorithm is improved in [16] to come up with a fast l-diversity algorithm which deals with a single sensitive attribute in a relational table. Our main contribution in this paper is to develop an l-diversity algorithm to handle multi-sensitive attributes in databases. Also, we shall improve the adjustment stage algorithm so that it becomes more efficient. We also analyse and provide enough reasons to show that though the second and third stages of the algorithm are not necessary in most of the cases, we cannot avoid using these two stages in some cases.
Reliability and availability issues in large-scale distributed systems

Large-scale distributed systems, such as Overnet, BOINC (SETI@home) or PlanetLab, provide attractive options through aggregation and sharing of heterogeneous and geographically dispersed computer resources. However, in order to be efficient, these systems need to consider some issues related to the Reliability and Availability (R&A) levels of their nodes and the services they offer. These systems are usually characterized by extremely dynamic and heterogeneous environments, where nodes offering different computer capabilities and features can enter and leave freely. But dynamism and heterogeneity introduce uncertainty and make it difficult to develop accurate models to predict the temporal evolution of the R&A levels in distributed environments. This paper reviews some R&A issues in large-scale distributed systems and studies how they relate to the quality of service offered to the users. The paper also discusses the role of simulation as the most natural way to deal with these issues and introduces a simulation-based methodology that allows to design reliable and cost-efficient distributed services.
Characterizing Quality of Knowledge on Semantic Web

The Semantic Web is intended for knowledge sharing among agents as well as humans. To achieve this goal, Ontologies, which express knowledge in a certain vitality as well as in a machine interpretable form, were introduced. The growing demand for facilitating deployment and reuse of Ontologies has increased the need to develop adequate criteria to measure the quality of Ontologies conceptualizing a domain. Our research is motivated by the urgent needs of rigorous mechanisms which analyze ontological features from diverse perspectives and determine their quality levels. This paper presents the methodology representing qualitative and quantitative analysis of Ontologies and their classification. The Ontological tools, which were implemented based on the methodology, are proposed to provide multiple interfaces to humans and agents, thus supporting Ontology Engineering process. The proposed framework has gone through a great deal of testing and evaluation processes in the context of a real application of Ontology analysis and classification.
Les générateurs des espèces réactives d'oxygène dans la régulation du facteur de transcription induit par l'hypoxie, HIF-1[ROS generators in HIF-1 regulation]

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is the master transcription factor responsible for the cellular response to hypoxia. However, there are equally non-hypoxic HIF-1 activators including hormones and growth factors. Angiotensin II (Ang II), the effector hormone in the renin-angiotensin system, is a potent non-hypoxic HIF-1 activator in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). This activation by Ang II involves transcriptional, translational and protein stabilization mechanisms. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in increased HIF-1 stabilization during Ang II treatment. This work aims at elucidating the role of ROS generators in HEF-1 induction by Ang II in VSMCs. Neither RNAi of the NADPH oxidase p22 subunit nor treatment with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor Vas2870 was able to diminish HIF-1 accumulation by Ang II. In contrast, inhibition of mitochondrial complex III, through both pharmacological inhibition and cellular depletion of mitochondrial Rieske Fe-S protein, and treatment of cells with a mitochondrial targeted antioxidant strikingly decreased HIF-1 accumulation. Furthermore, inhibition of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) abolished HIF-1 stability and HIF-1 dependent transcription by Ang II. A large number of studies implicate NADPH oxidase-generated ROS in signaling pathways following VSMC stimulation with Ang II. However, our work identifies mtROS and not NADPH oxidase-derived ROS as essential intermediates in HIF-1 accumulation and stability.
Weighted ENO Schemes for Hamilton-Jacobi Equations

In this paper, we present a weighted ENO (essentially nonoscillatory) scheme to approximate the viscosity solution of the Hamilton--Jacobi equation: $$ \phi_t + H(x_1,\ldots,x_d,t,\phi,\phi_{x_1},\ldots,\phi_{x_d}) = 0. $$ This weighted ENO scheme is constructed upon and has the same stencil nodes as the third order ENO scheme but can be as high as fifth order accurate in the smooth part of the solution. In addition to the accuracy improvement, numerical comparisons between the two schemes also demonstrate that the weighted ENO scheme is more robust than the ENO scheme.
Relationship between attitude towards life and mental health among regular physical activity participants in Pune city

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between Attitude towards life and Mental Health among Regular physical activity Participants in Pune City. Data were collected from 40 male regular physical activity participants from Mahrashtriya mandal, Sanas ground, Azam campus in Pune city. Optimism and Pessimism Questionnaire was used to measure Attitude towards life, Positive Mental Health Inventory was used to measure Mental Health. Descriptive Correlation Methods was used to examine the relationship between attitude towards life and mental health among regular physical activity participants in Pune city. Statistical test included the Pearson Correlation coefficient. The Pearson ATL r = 0.442 and MH r = 0.004 value found a significant correlation between attitude towards life and mental health. The findings from this study indicate a significant correlation between attitude towards life and mental health suggesting that participants who are in the regular physical activity who have positive attitude towards life better mental health than participants not in regular physical activity. Finally it is recommended a focus that future research includes longitudinal study that examines the relationship between attitude towards life and mental health among regular physical activity participants.
Using Statistical and Computer Models to Quantify Volcanic Hazards

Risk assessment of rare natural hazards, such as large volcanic block and ash or pyroclastic flows, is addressed. Assessment is approached through a combination of computer modeling, statistical modeling, and extreme-event probability computation. A computer model of the natural hazard is used to provide the needed extrapolation to unseen parts of the hazard space. Statistical modeling of the available data is needed to determine the initializing distribution for exercising the computer model. In dealing with rare events, direct simulations involving the computer model are prohibitively expensive. The solution instead requires a combination of adaptive design of computer model approximations (emulators) and rare event simulation. The techniques that are developed for risk assessment are illustrated on a test-bed example involving volcanic flow.
What Do Contrast Threshold Equivalent Noise Studies Actually Measure? Noise vs. Nonlinearity in Different Masking Paradigms

The internal noise present in a linear system can be quantified by the equivalent noise method. By measuring the effect that applying external noise to the system’s input has on its output one can estimate the variance of this internal noise. By applying this simple “linear amplifier” model to the human visual system, one can entirely explain an observer’s detection performance by a combination of the internal noise variance and their efficiency relative to an ideal observer. Studies using this method rely on two crucial factors: firstly that the external noise in their stimuli behaves like the visual system’s internal noise in the dimension of interest, and secondly that the assumptions underlying their model are correct (e.g. linearity). Here we explore the effects of these two factors while applying the equivalent noise method to investigate the contrast sensitivity function (CSF). We compare the results at 0.5 and 6 c/deg from the equivalent noise method against those we would expect based on pedestal masking data collected from the same observers. We find that the loss of sensitivity with increasing spatial frequency results from changes in the saturation constant of the gain control nonlinearity, and that this only masquerades as a change in internal noise under the equivalent noise method. Part of the effect we find can be attributed to the optical transfer function of the eye. The remainder can be explained by either changes in effective input gain, divisive suppression, or a combination of the two. Given these effects the efficiency of our observers approaches the ideal level. We show the importance of considering these factors in equivalent noise studies.
DISK REFLECTION SIGNATURES IN THE SPECTRUM OF THE BRIGHT Z-SOURCE GX 340+0

We present the preliminary results of a 50 ks long XMM-Newton observation of the bright Z-source GX 340+0. In this Letter, we focus on the study of a broad asymmetric emission line in the Fe Kα energy band, whose shape is clearly resolved and compatible with a relativistically smeared profile arising from reflection on a hot accretion disk extending close to the central accreting neutron star. By combining temporal and spectral analysis, we are able to follow the evolution of the source along its horizontal branch. However, despite a significant change in the continuum emission and luminosity, the line profile does not show any strong correlated variation. This broad line is produced by recombination of highly ionized iron (Fe xxv) at an inferred inner radius close to 13Rg, while the fit requires a high value for the outer disk radius. The inclination of the source is extremely well constrained at 35°, while the emissivity index is −2.50.
Action Patterns for the Incremental Specification of the Execution Semantics of Visual Languages

We present a new approach - based on graph transformation - to incremental specification of the operational (execution) semantics of visual languages. The approach combines editing rules with two meta-models: one to define the concrete syntax and one for the static semantics. We introduce the notion of action patterns, defining basic actions (e.g. consuming or producing a token in transition-based semantics), in a way similar to graph transformation rules. The application of action patterns to a static semantics editing rule produces a meta-rule, to be paired with the firing of the corresponding syntactic rule to incrementally build an execution rule. An execution rule is thus tailored to any active element (e.g. a transition in a Petri net model) in the model. Examples from Petri nets, state automata and workflow languages illustrate these ideas.