Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computation of Domain-Averaged Irradiance Using Satellite-Derived Cloud Properties

Abstract The respective errors caused by the gamma-weighted two-stream approximation and the effective thickness approximation for computing the domain-averaged broadband shortwave irradiance are evaluated using cloud optical thicknesses derived from 1 h of radiance measurements by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) over footprints of Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments. Domains are CERES footprints of which dimension varies approximately from 20 to 70 km, depending on the viewing zenith angle of the instruments. The average error in the top-of-atmosphere irradiance at a 30° solar zenith angle caused by the gamma-weighted two-stream approximation is 6.1 W m−2 (0.005 albedo bias) with a one-layer overcast cloud where a positive value indicates an overestimate by the approximation compared with the irradiance computed using the independent column approximation. Approximately one-half of the error is due to deviations of optical thickness distributions from a ga.
RADIO ASTROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS AND THE GALACTIC CONSTANT AS THE BASIS OF A GALACTIC KINEMATICS STUDY

We made phase-referencing Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations of Galactic 22 GHz H2O maser sources with VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA). We measured the parallax dis-tances of G48.61+0.02, G48.99-0.30, G49.19-0.34, ON1, IRAS 20056+3350, IRAS 20143+3634, ON2N, and IRAS 20126+4104, which are located near the tangent point and the Solar circle. The angular ve-locity of the Galactic rotation at the LSR (i.e. the ratio of the Galactic constants) is derived using the measured parallax distances and proper motions of these sources. The derived value of Ω 0 = 28.8 ± 1.7 km s -1 kpc -1 is consistent with recent values obtained using VLBI astrometry but 10% larger than the International Astronomical Union (IAU) recommended value of 25.9 km s -1 kpc -1 = (220 km s -1 ) / (8.5 kpc).
MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO ERGOT ( Claviceps Species ) IN SORGHUM

Breeding for resistance to ergot requires reliable information on genotypic variability for host-plant resistance, inheritance of resistance to ergot and influence of non-genetic factors. Hence, this study was conducted to estimate the mode of inheritance and identify parents and crosses with good combining abilities for resistance to ergot in sorghum. Twelve genotypes including 7 resistance and 5 susceptible parental lines were used to generate the segregating populations through North Carolina II Mating Design. The crosses were evaluated at Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute Kabaynolo during 2020 and 2021 growing seasons under natural infestation conditions and data were collected based on ergot incidence and severity and other traits. Highly significant variation was observed among crosses for ergot incidence and severity. The mean ergot incidence and severity ranged between 13.4 – 77.0% and 2.1 – 4.1%, respectively across years. The GCA and SCA analysis revealed highly significant differences among the F2 segregating populations for ergot incidence and severity suggesting the importance of additive and non-additive genetic effects in determining the inheritance of resistance to ergot. Heritability estimates in narrow sense ranged between 0 – 46.3% and 0.9 – 66.6% in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The variation in heritability estimates over years revealed the importance of genotype by environment interaction in the inheritance of resistance to ergot. Parents and crosses with significant negative GCA and SCA effects identified in this study could be used for improving resistance to ergot.
Tingkat Pengetahuan Akne Vulgaris Pada Remaja di Lamongan

Akne vulgaris adalah peradangan pada kelenjar pilosebasea yang ditandai dengan tertutupnya pori-pori, Indonesia mencatat sebanyak 80 % remaja yang berusia 14 - 17 tahun pada perempuan dan 16 - 19 tahun pada laki – laki mengalami akne vulgaris (Dewinda et al., 2020; Heng et al, 2021). Faktor penyebab akne vulgaris bersifat multifaktor, antara lain faktor usia, ras, herediter, keseimbangan hormon, stress, makanan, kosmetik, dan jenis kulit serta kurangnya pengetahuan dan sikap remaja terhadap akne bisa menyebabkan banyaknya remaja menderita akne vulgaris. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi mengenai akne vulgaris dan mengukur pengetahuan kesehatan kulit khususnya akne vulgaris pada remaja kelas VIII MA Muhammadiyah 9 Al-Mizan Lamongan. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan melalui pemberian Pre-Test sebelum pembertian materi dan Post-test setelah pemberian materi untukmengukur tingkat pengetahuan siswa/siswi. Terdapat perbedaan sebelum diberikan penyuluhan dengan sesudah diberikan penyuluhan (p<0.05). Kesimpulan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah dari 80 responden mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan mengenai akne vulgaris.
The Boron Budget in Waters of the Mono Basin, California

Mono Lake in eastern California has the highest natural boron concentrations measured in a natural water body. Inputs to Mono Lake are from creeks that drain from the Sierra Nevada, accounting for over 80% of the total water input, and springs account for most of the rest of the water budget. We measured boron concentrations and isotope compositions of water sources in the lake and lake water collected over several seasons. The δ11B offset of at least +2.5‰ between Mono Lake water compared to its inputs suggests that, like seawater, the boron isotopic composition of the lake is influenced by the removal of light boron by coprecipitation and/or sorption of borate. Given the alkalinity of the lake, boron fractionation likely occurs before or as the water sources enter the lake. The famous tufa towers around the lake are a physical representation of a ‘chemical delta’ that alters the boron isotopic composition of the source fluids as they enter the lake. Based on different combinations of the measured end members, the residence time of boron in Mono Lake is estimated to be within the range of 5~80 ka.
On the Effects of the Temporal and Spatial Sampling of Radiation Fields on the ECMWF Forecasts and Analyses

Abstract The author’s explore the implications of the temporal and spatial sampling of the radiation fields and tendencies upon the fields produced by the ECMWF system in operational-type forecasts, four-month seasonal integrations, and analyses. The model is shown to be much more sensitive to economies in the temporal than in the spatial description of the cloud–radiation interactions. In 10-day forecasts, the anomaly correlation of geopotential shows little sensitivity to a more complete representation of the cloud–radiation interactions, but temperature errors display a stronger dependence on the temporal representation. The difference increases with height, particularly in the tropical areas where interactions among convection, clouds, and radiation dominate. In pointwise comparisons over five days, the approximate temporal representation introduces only small differences in total cloudiness, surface temperature, surface radiation, and precipitation. In four-month seasonal simulations, the small error.
Relationship of Marketing Mix, Brand Equity to Purchase Decision and Loyalty with Digital Wallet as Moderating during the Covid 19 Pandemic Period

This study aims to examine the relationship between Marketing Mix, Brand Equity with Purchase Decisions, and Loyalty with Digital Wallets to reinforce the relationship between Brand Equity and purchasing decisions. This research is included in cross-sectional research because it was conducted at a particular time and was not compared with other studies. The sample selection technique used non-probability sampling, namely convenience samples, and questionnaires were distributed via e-link via Whatsapp and Facebook. The sample of this study is the population aged 17 years and over who live in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi. The number of research samples is 271 respondents. This study uses a simultaneous equation approach model with two-stage least square (2SLS) estimation techniques and data processing with SPSS version 26.00. The results showed that marketing mix, brand equity, and customer loyalty positively and significantly affected customer satisfaction. Digital wallets played a moderating factor, statistically, do not influence purchasing decisions. Purchase decisions and customer satisfaction positively and significantly influence customer loyalty. The findings of this study are that in improving smartphone purchasing decisions, the best effort is to prioritize aspects of the marketing mix and brand equity. The digital wallet is not a factor that drives consumer purchasing decisions. Furthermore, customer loyalty can be built in the long term through efforts to optimize purchasing decisions and customer satisfaction
Marbling-Net: A Novel Intelligent Framework for Pork Marbling Segmentation Using Images from Smartphones

Marbling characteristics are important traits for the genetic improvement of pork quality. Accurate marbling segmentation is the prerequisite for the quantification of these traits. However, the marbling targets are small and thin with dissimilar sizes and shapes and scattered in pork, complicating the segmentation task. Here, we proposed a deep learning-based pipeline, a shallow context encoder network (Marbling-Net) with the usage of patch-based training strategy and image up-sampling to accurately segment marbling regions from images of pork longissimus dorsi (LD) collected by smartphones. A total of 173 images of pork LD were acquired from different pigs and released as a pixel-wise annotation marbling dataset, the pork marbling dataset 2023 (PMD2023). The proposed pipeline achieved an IoU of 76.8%, a precision of 87.8%, a recall of 86.0%, and an F1-score of 86.9% on PMD2023, outperforming the state-of-art counterparts. The marbling ratios in 100 images of pork LD are highly correlated with marbling scores and intramuscular fat content measured by the spectrometer method (R2 = 0.884 and 0.733, respectively), demonstrating the reliability of our method. The trained model could be deployed in mobile platforms to accurately quantify pork marbling characteristics, benefiting the pork quality breeding and meat industry.
Generalized Persistent Polar Format Algorithm for Fast Imaging of Airborne Video SAR

As a cutting-edge research direction in the field of radar imaging, video SAR has the capability of high-resolution and persistent imaging at any time and under any weather. Video SAR requires high computational efficiency of the imaging algorithm, and PFA has become the preferred imaging algorithm because of its applicability to the spotlight mode and relatively high computational efficiency. However, traditional PFA also has problems, such as low efficiency and limited scene size. To address the above problems, a generalized persistent polar format algorithm, called GPPFA, is proposed for airborne video SAR imaging that is applicable to the persistent imaging requirements of airborne video SAR under multitasking conditions. Firstly, the wavenumber domain resampling characteristics of video SAR PFA are analyzed, and a generalized resampling method is proposed to obtain higher efficiency. Secondly, for the problem of scene size limitation caused by wavefront curvature error, an efficient compensation method applicable to different scene sizes is proposed. GPPFA is capable of video SAR imaging at different wavebands, different slant ranges, and arbitrary scene sizes. Point target and extended target experiments verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
Precipitative Coating of Calcium Phosphate on Microporous Silica–Titania Hybrid Particles in Simulated Body Fluid

Titania and silica have been recognized as potential drug delivery system (DDS) carriers. For this application, controllable biocompatibility and the suppression of the initial burst are required, which can be provided by a calcium phosphate (CP) coating. However, it is difficult to control the morphology of a CP coating on the surface of carrier particles owing to the homogeneous nucleation of CP. In this study, we report the development of a CP-coating method that homogeneously corresponds to the shapes of silica–titania (SiTi) porous nanoparticles. We also demonstrate that controlled surface roughness of CP coatings could be achieved in SBF using SiTi nanoparticles with a well-defined spherical shape, a uniform size, and a tunable nanoporous structure. The precipitation of CP was performed on mono-dispersed porous SiTi nanoparticles with different Si/Ti molar ratios and pore sizes. The pore size distribution was found to significantly affect the CP coating in SBF immersion; the surfaces of the nanoparticles with bimodal pore sizes of 0.7 and 1.1–1.2 nm became rough after CP precipitation, while those with a unimodal pore size of 0.7 nm remained smooth, indicating that these two pore sizes serve as different nucleation sites that lead to different surface morphologies.
Biocontrol Potential of an Endophytic Pseudomonas poae Strain against the Grapevine Trunk Disease Pathogen Neofusicoccum luteum and Its Mechanism of Action

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) impact the sustainability of vineyards worldwide and management options are currently limited. Biological control agents (BCAs) may offer a viable alternative for disease control. With an aim to develop an effective biocontrol strategy against the GTD pathogen Neofusicoccum luteum, this study investigated the following: (1) the efficacy of the strains in suppressing the BD pathogen N. luteum in detached canes and potted vines; (2) the ability of a strain of Pseudomonas poae (BCA17) to colonize and persist within grapevine tissues; and (3) the mode of action of BCA17 to antagonize N. luteum. Co-inoculations of the antagonistic bacterial strains with N. luteum revealed that one strain of P. poae (BCA17) suppressed infection by 100% and 80% in detached canes and potted vines, respectively. Stem inoculations of a laboratory-generated rifampicin-resistant strain of BCA17 in potted vines (cv. Shiraz) indicated the bacterial strain could colonize and persist in the grapevine tissues, potentially providing some protection against GTDs for up to 6 months. The bioactive diffusible compounds secreted by BCA17 significantly reduced the spore germination and fungal biomass of N. luteum and the other representative GTD pathogens. Complementary analysis via MALDI-TOF revealed the presence of an unknown cyclic lipopeptide in the bioactive diffusible compounds, which was absent in a non-antagonistic strain of P. poae (JMN13), suggesting this novel lipopeptide may be responsible for the biocontrol activity of the BCA17. Our study provided evidence that P. poae BCA17 is a potential BCA to combat N. luteum, with a potential novel mode of action.
A Novel Equipment-Free Paper-Based Fluorometric Method for the Analytical Determination of Quinine in Soft Drink Samples

A simple, equipment-free, direct fluorometric method, employing paper-based analytical devices (PADs) as sensors, for the selective determination of quinine (QN) is described herein. The suggested analytical method exploits the fluorescence emission of QN without any chemical reaction after the appropriate pH adjustment with nitric acid, at room temperature, on the surface of a paper device with the application of a UV lamp at 365 nm. The devices crafted had a low cost and were manufactured with chromatographic paper and wax barriers, and the analytical protocol followed was extremely easy for the analyst and required no laboratory instrumentation. According to the methodology, the user must place the sample on the detection area of the paper and read with a smartphone the fluorescence emitted by the QN molecules. Many chemical parameters were optimized, and a study of interfering ions present in soft drink samples was carried out. Additionally, the chemical stability of these paper devices was considered in various maintenance conditions with good results. The detection limit calculated as 3.3 S/N was 3.6 mg L−1, and the precision of the method was satisfactory, being from 3.1% (intra-day) to 8.8% (inter-day). Soft drink samples were successfully analyzed and compared with a fluorescence method.
Tweedie Compound Poisson Models with Covariate-Dependent Random Effects for Multilevel Semicontinuous Data

Multilevel semicontinuous data occur frequently in medical, environmental, insurance and financial studies. Such data are often measured with covariates at different levels; however, these data have traditionally been modelled with covariate-independent random effects. Ignoring dependence of cluster-specific random effects and cluster-specific covariates in these traditional approaches may lead to ecological fallacy and result in misleading results. In this paper, we propose Tweedie compound Poisson model with covariate-dependent random effects to analyze multilevel semicontinuous data where covariates at different levels are incorporated at relevant levels. The estimation of our models has been developed based on the orthodox best linear unbiased predictor of random effect. Explicit expressions of random effects predictors facilitate computation and interpretation of our models. Our approach is illustrated through the analysis of the basic symptoms inventory study data where 409 adolescents from 269 families were observed at varying number of times from 1 to 17 times. The performance of the proposed methodology was also examined through the simulation studies.
Enhanced monolayer MoS2/InP heterostructure solar cells by graphene quantum dots

We demonstrate significantly improved photovoltaic response of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)/indium phosphide (InP) van der Waals heterostructure induced by graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Raman and photoluminescence measurements indicate that effective charge transfer takes place between GQDs and MoS2, which results in n-type doping of MoS2. The doping effect increases the barrier height at the MoS2/InP heterojunction, thus the averaged power conversion efficiency of MoS2/InP solar cells is improved from 2.1% to 4.1%. The light induced doping by GQD provides a feasible way for developing more efficient MoS2 based heterostructure solar cells.
The different influences of four PWM modes on commutation torque ripples in brushless DC motor control system

Four PWM modes used in the brushless DC motor control system are introduced and their different influences on the commutation torque ripple of BLDC motors are analyzed in detail. The best PWM mode to reduce commutation torque ripple, pwm_on type, is selected according to theory and experiment. The experimental results show that the selection is correct and practical.
Fault Diagnosis of Gear Based on the Variable Fuzzy Similarity Nearness

In order to improve the validity and accuracy of fault diagnosis on mechanical equipment, this study applies fuzzy nearness approach by adjusting the traditional formulations. Besides, it points out the disadvantages in fault diagnosis of traditional nearness approach based on experimental data of gear transmission. A fuzzy nearness function- based model is constructed to execute the fault diagnosis with the assistance of fuzzy nearness principles and fuzzy mathematical membership degree. Following that, a experimental data-based numerical example is implemented, which demonstrates that the adjusted fuzzy nearness approach performs better than the traditional one in diagnosing gear fault effectively and meeting the practical requirements of gear transmission fault diagnosis.
A Novel Quadrangular Slotted DGS with a Wideband Monopole Radiator for Fifth-generation Sub-6 GHz Mid-band Applications

|The demand for high data rate, good channel capacity, and reliability is always the primary area of concern in the modern era of wireless communication systems. The 5G standards have the fortitude to bring about rapid data transfer speeds, instantaneous connectivity, large data capacities, and minimal latency. In this paper, a novel quadrangular slotted defected ground structure (QSDGS) that incorporates a wide band microstrip antenna (WMA) was proposed for 5G n46/n47/n79 and n102 band applications. The DGS was represented on the ground plane by four rectangular looped slots. An inset feeding technique was employed on this slotted patch antenna. This DGS loaded patch antenna structure was mounted on an RT Duriod 5880 ( " r = 2 : 2, loss tangent = 0 : 0009) with dimensions of 33 (cid:2) 29 (cid:2) 1 : 5 mm 3 (0 : 44 (cid:21) (cid:2) 0 : 38 (cid:21) (cid:2) 0 : 02 (cid:21) , where ‘ (cid:21) ’ is calculated at the lowest operating wavelength). This embedded antenna radiating structure resonated in a wide band ranging from 4.03 GHz to 6.32 GHz giving an impedance bandwidth of 2.3 GHz (50%), with a centre frequency of 4.44 GHz. The maximum gain was 4.7 dBi, and greater than 75% eﬃciency was obtained over the wide band. From the results extracted from the proposed antenna, it was found that the antenna was capable of covering the 5G NR n46/n47/n79 and n102 bands with signi(cid:12)cant bandwidth, gain, and eﬃciency. Thus, the antenna can be considered a potential contender for 5G mid-band wireless communication systems.
Defects in Mitochondrial Functions Affect the Survival of Yeast Cells Treated with Non-Thermal Plasma

Exposure of living cells to non-thermal plasma produced in various electrical discharges affects cell physiology and often results in cell death. Even though plasma-based techniques have started finding practical applications in biotechnology and medicine, the molecular mechanisms of interaction of cells with plasma remain poorly understood. In this study, the involvement of selected cellular components or pathways in plasma-induced cell killing was studied employing yeast deletion mutants. The changes in yeast sensitivity to plasma-activated water were observed in mutants with the defect in mitochondrial functions, including transport across the outer mitochondrial membrane (∆por1), cardiolipin biosynthesis (∆crd1, ∆pgs1), respiration (ρ0) and assumed signaling to the nucleus (∆mdl1, ∆yme1). Together these results indicate that mitochondria play an important role in plasma-activated water cell killing, both as the target of the damage and the participant in the damage signaling, which may lead to the induction of cell protection. On the other hand, our results show that neither mitochondria-ER contact sites, UPR, autophagy, nor proteasome play a major role in the protection of yeast cells from plasma-induced damage.
Numerische Behandlung von Kaskadengleichungen zur schnellen Simulation hôchstenergetischer Luftschauer

Von Teilchen der kosmischen Strahlung ausgeloste Luftschauer konnen mit Kaskadengleichungen beschrieben werden. Dies sind Systeme gekoppelter partieller Differentialgleichungen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein numerisches Losungsverfahren fur die elektromagnetische Kaskadengleichung entwickelt. Ziel ist die Beschleunigung der Berechnung der elektromagnetischen Schauerkomponente in Hybrid-Luftschauersimulationen. Die Ergebnisse werden mit parallel dazu entwickelten Monte-Carlo-Simulationen und der historischen Approximation A und B verifiziert. Das Monte-Carlo- und das numerische Verfahren werden dann in einem Hybrid-Verfahren miteinander kombiniert. Die numerischen Losungen werden abschliesend mit CORSIKA-Simulationsrechnungen und Auger-Daten verglichen, und es wird eine Rechenzeitanalyse der verschiedenen Methoden durchgefuhrt.