Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A pilot exploratory study examining the potential influence of continuous positive airway pressure devices on cranial molding trajectories in preterm infants

Objective The objective of this exploratory study was to assess the potential impacts of two different continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices on preterm infant head shape and circumference. Study design Twenty infants born at <32 weeks gestational age requiring CPAP support were enrolled. Ten infants used the Hudson RCI Nasal Prong CPAP device and 10 infants used the Fisher-Paykel CPAP device. Infant Cranial Index (CI) and head circumference (HC) were collected weekly as well as infant gestational age at birth, and total number of days on CPAP. Results At baseline, average total birthweight of infants was 1021 grams (SD = 227 grams), average gestational age was 26.9 weeks (SD = 1.80), mean CI was 79.7 cm (SD = 5.95), and HC was 10.2 cm (SD = 0.92). Days on CPAP ranged from 16 to 63 days, with an average of 40.7 (SD = 13.6) days. Neither CI nor HC differed by device type; however, the Fisher-Paykel device was associated with slightly greater HC growth rate. Conclusion CPAP devices and the pressures they apply plausibly contribute to preterm infant cranial molding over time, with the greatest potential impact on infants who require CPAP support for longer periods; however, these findings must be validated in larger cohorts. Additionally, positioning practices should be further examined to determine how they may contribute to or prevent the development of cranial molding deformity.
The Skin Reservoir Model: A Tool for Evaluating Microdialysis Sampling of Large Biomarkers from Human Skin

Microdialysis is a well-established technique for sampling of small molecules from the human skin, but larger molecules are more difficult to recover. Consequently, sampling feasibility must be evaluated before microdialysis is used in vivo. This report presents a tool for estimating the recovery of large biomarkers from human skin by microdialysis, using previously frozen human skin specimens as reservoirs for biomarker reference solutions. Recovery of the following 17 biomarkers was assessed: CCL27/CTACK, CXCL1/GROα, CXCL7/NAP-2, CXCL10/IP-10, EGF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, MIF, TNF-α, TSLP and VEGF. The relative skin recoveries of 13/17 biomarkers were successfully determined in the range 4.0–18.4%. Sampling in the skin reservoir model was not associated with probe leakage, as fluid recovery was stable, at between 80% and 110%. Furthermore, the skin reservoir model enabled studies and optimization of different parameters known to affect biomarker recovery, including flow rate and perfusate composition.
Interaction of clay and concrete relevant to the deep disposal of high-level radioactive 1 waste 2

11 A concept for the disposal of highly radioactive waste at depth in the Earth’s crust using very 12 deep bore-holes requires that the upper 2 km’s of the 800 mm diameter, steeply drilled holes, 13 be effectively sealed. This can be achieved by using dense smectitic clay where the rock is 14 weakly fractured and strengthening with concrete when fracture zones are encountered. 15 Earlier investigations have shown that chemical reactions between the clay and concrete can 16 be expected both in the upper part where the temperature is lower than 90 o C and in the deeper 17 section where the temperature reaches up to 150 o C. To study further this interaction, 18 hydrothermal experiments were conducted using mixed-layer (illite/smectite) Holmehus clay 19 and a low pH slag-based concrete placed in contact under isothermal conditions at 21°C, 20 100 o C and 150 o C for a period of 8 weeks. The sample sets, which consisted of two clay discs 21 separated by concrete cast on the lower clay disc, were extracted in undisturbed form and 22 exposed to uniaxial pressure for measuring the compressive strength at successively 23 increasing pressures. Compression tests underenhanced thermal conditions led to 24 strengthening of both the clay and concrete. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy 25 analysis of the material revealed an increasing degree of cation exchange at higher 1 temperatures with the cement, whereby Ca replaced Na in the interlayer sites of smectite 2 layers. Dissolution of illite/smectite was also evident occurring at enhanced temperatures, 3 with a decrease in K, Mg and Fe content with advanced alteration. The enhanced strength of 4 clay can be partly attributed to the precipitation of cement phases from circulating fluids, 5 including precipitation of gypsum. 6
Response of potential evaporation to climate variability and change: what GCMs simulate

Potential evaporation (Ep) as simulated by CSIRO climate model is presented in two forms. The first form of Ep is calculated at the soil surface, produced as a diagnostic variable within the models and not used to calculate any other factors. The second form of Ep has been calculated by Morton’s (1983) Complementary Relationship Areal Evaporation (CRAE) method using other climate variables produced by the model. This type of output has been used to construct projections of regional change in Ep and has also been extensively used in hydrological modelling.
Measurements of large stratospheric particles in the Arctic polar vortex

[1] During the SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment/Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone 2000 mission, the Multiangle Aerosol Spectrometer Probe (MASP) was flown aboard the ER-2 aircraft sampling the Arctic polar vortex. On several of the flights the ER-2 flew directly through polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs), and on six of these flights the MASP sampled large particles (2–22 μm diameter). MASP large particle observations are correlated in time with the large particle signal from the NOAA NOy measurements. This is direct evidence supporting the inference of particle size made by the NOy instrument. On 20 January 2000, the day of the most intense PSC encounter, the shapes of the large particle size distributions above 9 μm observed by the MASP and simulated based on the NOy instruments are in reasonable agreement. The MASP observations show a dramatic increase in large particle volume as the temperature approaches the nitric acid trihydrate equilibrium temperature. Our study suggests that large particles containing nitric acid are present in the Arctic polar stratosphere and may lead to denitrification.
Effects of soil moisture, temperature, and inorganic nitrogen on nitric oxide emissions from acidic tropical savannah soils

NO fluxes from soils with a wide range of soil moistures, soil inorganic-N concentrations, and soil temperatures were measured during the wet and the dry season at a Venezuelan savannah site. Maximum NO emissions ({approximately} 12 ngN m{sup {minus}2} s{sup {minus}1}) were observed at soil gravimetric moistures between 10% and 18%. Deviation from this optimum range results in decreased NO fluxes; very low emissions (< 2 ngN m{sup {minus}2} s{sup {minus}1}) were recorded at low (< 2%) and high (< 25%) soil moistures. Both NO production in soil and its transport within the soil play important roles in the emission of NO to the atmosphere. Under most conditions no temperature effect was observed. NO emission was strongly stimulated by the addition of NO{sub 3}{sup {minus}} and only very weakly by the addition of NH{sub 4}{sup +}; at low and moderate soil moistures, soil nitrate and the NO flux were positively correlated. At low (natural) soil nitrate content and comparable soil moisture and temperature, NO emissions were greater during the dry season than during the rainy season, suggesting that other factors (i.e., soil physical structure) may also govern NO flux from savannah soil. 29 refs., 6 figs., 3 tabs.
A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis

Background: As a common cardiovascular disease, the morbidity and mortality of coronary heart disease (CHD) are increasing year by year. In recent years, many RCTs have proved that compared with conventional therapy, the combination of TCMIs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis can improve clinical efficacy. However, there is still a lack of direct comparative study between different kinds of TCMIs. Therefore, based on the NMA, this study compares the curative effects of various TCMIs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in treating CHD to provide a reference for clinical medication. Methods:Wewill search PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, The Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, The Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodic Database, Wanfang Database, and China Biomedical Literature Database for the randomized controlled trials of Danhong injection, Xuesaitong injection, Dengzhanxixin injection, and Salvianolate injection in the treatment of CHD, and we will also manually retrieve from the following databases: Chinese Clinical Trial Register, conference papers, and unpublished studies or references. According to the pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria, 2 researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the RCTs’ quality. The primary outcome indicators are the total effective rate of improving angina pectoris symptoms and electrocardiogram improvement. Secondary indicators were angina pectoris attack frequency, angina pectoris attack time, hemorheology, and inflammatory factor level. And use Stata 16.0 software for mesh meta-analysis. Evidence will be checked using the classification of recommendation, evaluation, development, and evaluation. Results: In this study, from the perspective of different kinds of TCMIs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, we will compare the curative effects of varying treatment measures and rank the curative effects. Conclusion: This study will evaluate the efficacy of different kinds of TCMIs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in the treatment of CHD and help clinicians improve their clinical effectiveness. Unique INPLASY number: INPLASY202130103. Abbreviations: CHD = coronary heart disease, CI = confidence interval, IF = inconsistency factor, MD =mean difference, OR = odds ratio, PNS = panax notoginseng, RCT = randomized controlled trial, SUCRA = surface under the cumulative ranking curve, TCM = traditional Chinese medicine, TCMI = traditional Chinese medicine injection.
Fathers and Sleep: A Systematic Literature Review of Bidirectional Links Between Paternal Factors and Children’s Sleep in the First Three Years of Life

Objective During childhood, sleep problems are a common concern for parents and families. The literature on children’s sleep documents a strong association between parental factors and infant sleep quality. However, most studies have only examined maternal attitudes and behaviors. To systematically identify and assess the existing literature on the role of fathers in children’s sleep over the first three years of life. Method Studies were identified from January 1993 to July 2020 in four electronic databases, following PRIMSA guidelines. Results The initial search yielded a total of 657 records. Fifty-nine studies were full review, and 26 studies met all inclusion criteria and formed the basis for the review. Studies were divided into thematic groups as a function of the paternal variables they investigated: Extrinsic Parenting factors, Parent-child Interaction Context, and Distal Environmental Influences. Conclusions This review points up a range of paternal variables that can represent risk or protective factors for child sleep. Our results may help parents and healthcare practitioners to identify evidence-based knowledge about sleep. Furthermore, identifying paternal factors that contribute to sleep problems can usefully inform the design of individualized interventions.
Wadi flow in the Arabian Gulf states

Real data on wadi flood flows from Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain and Qatar were used to develop methodologies for the prediction of annual maximum flows and average monthly flows in the Arabian Gulf states. For the prediction of annual maximum floods, three methods have been investigated. In the first method, regional curves were developed and used together with the mean annual flood flow, estimated from the characteristics of the drainage basin, to estimate flood flows at a location in the basin. The second method fits data to various probability distribution functions, with a developed methodology introduced to account for floods generated by more than one system of climate, and the best fitted function was used for flood estimates. In the third method, only floods over a threshold, which depends on characteristics of the drainage basin, were considered and modelled. For the prediction of average monthly flows, stochastic simulation approaches of flood frequency analysis were used. Each of the prediction methods was verified by being applied in 40 different drainage basins. Based on the results obtained, recommendations were made on the best method to be applied (at present) by design engineers in the Arabian Gulf states. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FINDING GROUPS OF PEOPLE

Abstract. In this paper, we study the problem of content-based social network discovery among people whofrequently appear in world news. Google news is used as the source of data. We describe a probabilistic frame-work for associating people with groups. A low-dimensional topic-basedrepresentation is ﬁrst obtained fornews stories via probabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA). This is followed by construction of semanticgroups by clustering such representations. Unlike many existing social network analysis approaches, whichdiscover groups based only on binary relations (e.g. co-occurrence of people in a news article), our modelclusters people using their topic distribution, which introduces contextual information in the group formationprocess (e.g. some people belong to several groups depending on the speciﬁc subject). The model has beenused to study evolution of people with respect to topics over time. We also illustrate the advantages of ourapproach over a simple co-occurrence-based social network extraction method.
Analysis of water resources variability in the Yellow River of China during the last half century using historical data

The river discharges have decreased continuously during the last half century in the Yellow River, the second‐largest river basin in China. In particular, a drying up of the main river along the lower reach has occurred since 1972, and the situation has become more and more serious during the 1990s. Using 50 years of meteorological data from 108 stations together with a collection of irrigation data, the long‐term changes in the river discharge have been investigated with a view to identifying the reason for the drying up of the Yellow River. It was found that the annual precipitation generally decreased (−45.3 mm/50 yr) while the air temperature generally increased (+1.28°C/50 yr). From the 1960s to the 1970s the precipitation decreased by 29.6 mm/10 yr, the evaporation increased by 7 mm/10 yr (for pan evaporation), and the irrigation water usage increased by 10.5 mm/10 yr. As a consequence the drying up of the Yellow River has occurred since 1972. Irrigation was developed continuously in the 1980s, but the drying‐up situation maintained at the same level as during the 1970s. The reason for this was the increase in precipitation (by 10.3 mm/10 yr) and the sharp decrease in the evaporation (by 133 mm/10 yr for pan evaporation). During the 1990s the irrigation was maintained at a level similar to that during the 1980s, but the drying‐up situation was greatly aggravated. The reason for this was found to be a result of the decrease in precipitation (by 38.2 mm/10 yr) and the increase in evaporation (by 52 mm/10 yr for pan evaporation).
A Smartphone-Based Crowd-Sourced Database for Environmental Noise Assessment

Noise is a major source of pollution with a strong impact on health. Noise assessment is therefore a very important issue to reduce its impact on humans. To overcome the limitations of the classical method of noise assessment (such as simulation tools or noise observatories), alternative approaches have been developed, among which is collaborative noise measurement via a smartphone. Following this approach, the NoiseCapture application was proposed, in an open science framework, providing free access to a considerable amount of information and offering interesting perspectives of spatial and temporal noise analysis for the scientific community. After more than 3 years of operation, the amount of collected data is considerable. Its exploitation for a sound environment analysis, however, requires one to consider the intrinsic limits of each collected information, defined, for example, by the very nature of the data, the measurement protocol, the technical performance of the smartphone, the absence of calibration, the presence of anomalies in the collected data, etc. The purpose of this article is thus to provide enough information, in terms of quality, consistency, and completeness of the data, so that everyone can exploit the database, in full control.
DRC3 connects the N-DRC to dynein g to regulate flagellar waveform

The nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC) is an axonemal structure that regulates ciliary motility. A Chlamydomonas mutant lacking the N-DRC subunit DRC3 has abnormal waveform and lacks portions of the N-DRC linker, including the L1 protrusion that connects to dynein g. DRC3 interacts with dynein g to control ciliary waveform.
Stretched Beyond Human Limits: Death By Poverty in First Nations

Aboriginal policymakers in Canada have been historically based on the objective of assimilating the Indigenous population. There has been recent movement to create policies that support First Nations’ self-governance. However, the Indian Act and its related policies have not been amended to reflect this change. Thus federal policymakers now hover between the two conflicting objectives. One result is chronic poverty in First Nations, a worsening problem that has stymied federal policymakers-makers. Historiquement, les decideurs politiques autochtones au Canada ont eu pour objectif d’assimiler la population autochtone. Par ailleurs, on a recemment pu observer un mouvement visant a creer des politiques soutenant l'autonomie gouvernementale des Premieres Nations. Cependant, la Loi sur les Indiens et les politiques connexes n'ont pas ete modifiees pour tenir compte de cette evolution. Les decideurs politiques federaux sont a present tirailles entre ces deux objectifs contradictoires. L'un des resultats est la pauvrete chronique au sein des Premieres Nations, dont l’aggravation laisse les decideurs federaux impuissants.
Hydrologic analysis of the High Plains aquifer system in Box Butte County, Nebraska

Irrigation development in Box Butte County, an area of 1,067 square miles on a plain in northwestern Nebraska began about 40 years ago. Since then, pumpage of ground water has caused a steady decline of water levels in the High Plains aquifer system underlying the east-central part of the County. Comparison of maps of the potentiometric surfaces of the aquifer system in 1938 and 1980 indicates that water levels declined by more than 10 feet in an area of 336 square miles and by more than 30 feet in an area of 17 square miles. Quantitative studies of field data for the aquifer system indicate that hydraulic conductivity ranges from 6 to 60 feet per day and exceeds 25 feet per day in 21 percent of the County; specific yield ranges from 12 to 21 percent and averages about 15 percent; saturated thickness varied in 1938 from 190 to 510 feet and averaged about 342 feet. Recharge to the aquifer system, which comes mainly from precipitation averaging 17.1 inches annually, varied from 0.06 to 4.33 inches annually and averaged about 1.6 inches. The estimated volume of water stored in the aquifer system in 1980 is 80.3 million acre-feet; of water recoverable in 1980, 34.4 million acre-feet; and of water pumped in 1980, 104,000 acre-feet. Results of digital flow model simulation indicate that by 1992 the area of water-level decline of 10 feet or more will increase from 336 square miles (1981) to 630 square miles (1992), and that the area of decline of 30 feet or more will increase from 17 square miles (1981) to 240 square miles (1992) if pumpage continues to increase at the maximum annual rate recorded from 1938 through 1981. However, if pumpage is held to the 1981 rate, the area of decline of 10 feet or more will increase from 336 square miles (1981) to 530 square miles (1992). The maximum projected declines in water levels for the period 1981 to 1992 are 29 feet if pumpage is continually increased at the maximum annual rate recorded and 13 feet if pumpage is not increased beyond 1981.
Alterations of immune response of non-small cell lung cancer with Azacytidine

Innovative therapies are needed for advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). We have undertaken a genomics based, hypothesis driving, approach to query an emerging potential that epigenetic therapy may sensitize to immune checkpoint therapy targeting PD-L1/PD-1 interaction. NSCLC cell lines were treated with the DNA hypomethylating agent azacytidine (AZA – Vidaza) and genes and pathways altered were mapped by genome-wide expression and DNA methylation analyses. AZA-induced pathways were analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project by mapping the derived gene signatures in hundreds of lung adeno (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) samples. AZA up-regulates genes and pathways related to both innate and adaptive immunity and genes related to immune evasion in a several NSCLC lines. DNA hypermethylation and low expression of IRF7, an interferon transcription factor, tracks with this signature particularly in LUSC. In concert with these events, AZA up-regulates PD-L1 transcripts and protein, a key ligand-mediator of immune tolerance. Analysis of TCGA samples demonstrates that a significant proportion of primary NSCLC have low expression of AZA-induced immune genes, including PD-L1. We hypothesize that epigenetic therapy combined with blockade of immune checkpoints – in particular the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway – may augment response of NSCLC by shifting the balance between immune activation and immune inhibition, particularly in a subset of NSCLC with low expression of these pathways. Our studies define a biomarker strategy for response in a recently initiated trial to examine the potential of epigenetic therapy to sensitize patients with NSCLC to PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade.
Nutrient supply to the surface waters of the North Atlantic - a model study

[1] An eddy-permitting coupled ecosystem-circulation model with accurate descriptions of advection and turbulent mixing is used to estimate the nitrate supply to the euphotic zone in the North and equatorial Atlantic Ocean. The simulated annual mean input of nitrate into the euphotic zone is separated into different supply routes, namely, turbulent vertical mixing, vertical advection, and horizontal transport. Vertical mixing is found to be the dominant supply mechanism in the subpolar North Atlantic, while horizontal advection provides most of the simulated nitrate input into the subtropical gyre. Contributions by vertical advection are largest in the equatorial upwelling region and in the subpolar gyre. A comparison with observational estimates of nitrate flux into euphotic zone of the subtropical gyre reveals that the model can simultaneously fit the estimates by Lewis et al. [1986] and Jenkins [1988] that were previously thought to be contradictory. The simulated nitrate supply is, on the other hand, not consistent with estimates of export production based on oxygen consumption [Jenkins, 1982]. The model results are used to investigate to what extent the advective input of organic matter could possibly explain a local imbalance between new and export production. It turns out that the simulated advective input of organic matter alone, which in the model provides nitrogen at a rate similar to that arising from nitrate supply, is not sufficient to explain observed oxygen consumption rates.