Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Falls in People with Multiple Sclerosis Compared with Falls in Healthy Controls

Objective To compare the risk, circumstances, consequences and causes of prospectively recorded falls between people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and healthy controls of similar age and gender. Methods 58 PwMS and 58 healthy controls, who are community-dwelling, were recruited in this 6-month prospective cohort study. 90% of PwMS and 84% of healthy controls completed the study. Participants counted falls prospectively using fall calendars and noted fall location, fall-related injuries, and the cause of the falls. Kaplan Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests were performed to compare the distributions of survival without falling between PwMS and healthy controls. Results 40.8% of controls and 71.2% of PwMS fell at least once. 48.1% of PwMS and 18.4% of healthy controls fell at least twice. 42.3% of PwMS and 20.4% of health controls sustained a fall-related injury. After adjusting for age and gender, the time to first fall (HR: 1.87, p = 0.033) and the time to recurrent falls (HR: 2.87, p = 0.0082) were significantly different between PwMS and healthy controls. PwMS reported an almost equal number of falls inside and outside, 86% of the falls in healthy controls were outside. Healthy controls were more likely to fall due to slipping on a slippery surface (39.5% vs 10.4%). PwMS more often attributed falls to distraction (31% vs 7%) and uniquely attributed falls to fatigue or heat. Conclusions Fall risk, circumstances, consequences, and causes are different for PwMS than for healthy people of the same age and gender. PwMS fall more, are more likely to be injured by a fall, and often fall indoors. PwMS, but not healthy controls, frequently fall because they are distracted, fatigued or hot.
Recent star formation in nearby 3CR radio-galaxies from UV HST observations

W eanalyzed HST im agesof31 nearby (z . 0.1)3CR radio-galaxies.W ecom pared theirUV and optical im agesto detectevidence ofrecentstarform ation.Six objectswere excluded because they are highly nucleated orhad very low UV countrates.Aftersubtracting theem ission from theirnucleiand/orjets,12 oftherem aining 25 objects,presentingan UV/opticalcolorsNUV -r < 5.4,arepotentialstar-form ing candidates.Considering the contam ination from otherAG N-related processes (UV em ission lines,nebularcontinuum ,and scattered nuclear light),there are 6 rem aining star-form ing \blue" galaxies. W ethen divide theradio galaxies,on the basisoftheradio m orphology,radio power,and diagnostic opticalline ratios,into low and high excitation galaxies,LEG and HEG . W hile there isno correlation between the FR type (orradio power)and color,the FR type isclearly related to the spectroscopic type.In fact,allHEG (with one possible exception) show m orphologicalevidence ofrecent star form ation in UV com pact knots,extended over 5-20 kpc.Conversely,thereisonly 1 \blue" LEG outof19,including in thisclassalso FR Igalaxies. The picture thatem erges,considering color,UV,optical,and dustm orphology,isthatonly in HEG recentstar form ation isassociated with these relatively powerfulAG N,which are m ostlikely triggered by a recent,m ajor, wetm erger.Conversely,in LEG galaxiesthefraction ofactively star-form ing objectsisnotenhanced with respect to quiescentgalaxies.The AG N activity in these sourcescan be probably self-sustained by theirhotinterstellar m edium .
Combining Symbolic Cues with Sensory Input and Prior Experience in an Iterative Bayesian Framework

Perception and action are the result of an integration of various sources of information, such as current sensory input, prior experience, or the context in which a stimulus occurs. Often, the interpretation is not trivial hence needs to be learned from the co-occurrence of stimuli. Yet, how do we combine such diverse information to guide our action? Here we use a distance production-reproduction task to investigate the influence of auxiliary, symbolic cues, sensory input, and prior experience on human performance under three different conditions that vary in the information provided. Our results indicate that subjects can (1) learn the mapping of a verbal, symbolic cue onto the stimulus dimension and (2) integrate symbolic information and prior experience into their estimate of displacements. The behavioral results are explained by to two distinct generative models that represent different structural approaches of how a Bayesian observer would combine prior experience, sensory input, and symbolic cue information into a single estimate of displacement. The first model interprets the symbolic cue in the context of categorization, assuming that it reflects information about a distinct underlying stimulus range (categorical model). The second model applies a multi-modal integration approach and treats the symbolic cue as additional sensory input to the system, which is combined with the current sensory measurement and the subjects’ prior experience (cue-combination model). Notably, both models account equally well for the observed behavior despite their different structural assumptions. The present work thus provides evidence that humans can interpret abstract symbolic information and combine it with other types of information such as sensory input and prior experience. The similar explanatory power of the two models further suggest that issues such as categorization and cue-combination could be explained by alternative probabilistic approaches.
A Musical Progression with Greenstone: How Music Content Analysis and Linked Data is Helping Redefine the Boundaries to a Music Digital Library

Despite the recasting of the web's technical capabilities through Web 2.0, conventional digital library software architectures---from which many of our leading Music Digital Libraries (MDLs) are formed---result in digital resources that are, surprisingly, disconnected from other online sources of information, and embody a "read-only" mindset. Leveraging from Music Information Retrieval (MIR) techniques and Linked Open Data (LOD), in this paper we demonstrate a new form of music digital library that encompasses management, discovery, delivery, and analysis of the musical content it contains. Utilizing open source tools such as Greenstone, audioDB, Meandre, and Apache Jena we present a series of transformations to a musical digital library sourced from audio files that steadily increases the level of support provided to the user for musicological study. While the seed for this work was motivated by better supporting musicologists in a digital library, the developed software architecture alters the boundaries to what is conventionally thought of as a digital library---and in doing so challenges core assumptions made in mainstream digital library software design.
Efficiency in Banking: Theory, Practice, and Evidence

Great strides have been made in the theory of bank technology in terms of explaining banks’ comparative advantage in producing informationally intensive assets and financial services and in diversifying or offsetting a variety of risks. Great strides have also been made in explaining sub-par managerial performance in terms of agency theory and in applying these theories to analyze the particular environment of banking. In recent years, the empirical modeling of bank technology and the measurement of bank performance have begun to incorporate these theoretical developments and yield interesting insights that reflect the unique nature and role of banking in modern economies. This chapter gives an overview of two general empirical approaches to measuring bank performance and discusses some of the applications of these approaches found in the literature.
Discovery of Non-Aroclor PCB ( 3 , 3 ′-Dichlorobiphenyl ) in Chicago Air

Air samples were collected in Chicago, Illinois in 2007, and 3,3′-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB11, CAS 2050-67-1) was detected and quantified using GC/MS/MS in 91% of 184 samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published report of PCB11 in ambient air. This compound is ubiquitous in air throughout the city of Chicago. The annual mean concentration in air samples collected from November 2006 to November 2007 is 24 pg m-3 ((24 pg m-3 SD), although the seasonal variation is significant. The concentration of PCB11 is up to 15% of measured polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in air but only up to 0.16% of commercial Aroclor mixtures that were banned from production in the 1970s. PCB11 is associated with pigments, paints, and resins and has been reported to be a dominant congener among PCBs detected in the wastewater effluent from paint production. The wide distribution of PCB11 in Chicago air is consistent with volatilization of this compound from painted surfaces although the actual source of PCB11 is unknown.
CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide and Montanide ISA 51 Adjuvant Combination Enhanced the Protective Efficacy of a Subunit Malaria Vaccine

ABSTRACT Unmethylated CpG dinucleotide motifs present in bacterial genomes or synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) serve as strong immunostimulatory agents in mice, monkeys and humans. We determined the adjuvant effect of murine CpG ODN 1826 on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae-expressed 19-kDa C-terminal region of merozoite surface protein 1 (yMSP119) of the murine malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii. We found that in C57BL/6 mice, following sporozoite challenge, the degree of protective immunity against malaria induced by yMSP119 in a formulation of Montanide ISA 51 (ISA) plus CpG ODN 1826 was similar or superior to that conferred by yMSP119 emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA/incomplete Freund's adjuvant). In total, among mice immunized with yMSP119, 22 of 32 (68.7%) with ISA plus CpG 1826, 0 of 4 (0%) with CFA/incomplete Freund’s adjuvant, 0 of 4 (0%) with CpG 1826 mixed with ISA (no yMSP119), and 0 of 11 (0%) with CpG 1826 alone were completely protected against development of erythrocytic stage infection after sporozoite challenge. The adjuvant effect of CpG ODN 1826 was manifested as both significantly improved complete protection from malaria (defined as the absence of detectable erythrocytic form parasites) (P = 0.007, chi square) and reduced parasite burden in infected mice. In vivo depletions of interleukin-12 and gamma interferon cytokines and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in vaccinated mice had no significant effect on immunity. On the other hand, immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype levels appeared to correlate with protection. Inclusion of CpG ODN 1826 in the yMSP119 plus ISA vaccine contributed towards the induction of higher levels of IgG2a and IgG2b (Th1 type) antibodies, suggesting that CpG ODN 1826 caused a shift towards a Th1 type of immune response that could be responsible for the higher degree of protective immunity. Our results indicate that this potent adjuvant formulation should be further evaluated for use in clinical trials of recombinant malarial vaccine candidates.
An autonomous speed control and object detection system for vehicles based on RF technology

3 Abstract: This paper deals with an autonomous speed control system for the vehicles (ASCS), which helps us to reduce the number of road accidents and to maintain a disciplined traffic control system over the country. Here we are having two sections one is transmitter section and the other is vehicle (receiver) section. Say when a vehicle enters into a particular zone such as school zone then the Rf transmitter in the transmitter section will send the information to the vehicle section . Then the vehicle section based on the information reduces the speed of the vehicle due to embedded platform. Apart from this it is also having an in built object detector unit. So, if any object comes in front of the vehicle then the intimation will be given to the person who is in the vehicle. So that most of the accidents can be avoided. In case if any accident occurs automatically information will be send to the emergency unit through mobile communication (GSM).
Development of Virus-Induced Gene Expression and Silencing Vector Derived from Grapevine Algerian Latent Virus

Grapevine Algerian latent virus (GALV) is a member of the genus Tombusvirus in the Tombusviridae and infects not only woody perennial grapevine plant but also herbaceous Nicotiana benthamiana plant. In this study, we developed GALV-based gene expression and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) vectors in N. benthamiana. The GALV coat protein deletion vector, pGMG, was applied to express the reporter gene, green fluorescence protein (GFP), but the expression of GFP was not detected due to the necrotic cell death on the infiltrated leaves. The p19 silencing suppressor of GALV was engineered to inactivate its expression and GFP was successfully expressed with unrelated silencing suppressor, HC-Pro, from soybean mosaic virus. The pGMG vector was used to knock down magnesium chelatase (ChlH) gene in N. benthamaina and the silencing phenotype was clearly observed on systemic leaves. Altogether, the GALV-derived vector is expected to be an attractive tool for useful gene expression and VIGS vectors in grapevine as well as N. benthamiana.
ESCRTs are everywhere

The ESCRT proteins are an ancient system that buds membranes and severs membrane necks from their inner face. Three “classical” functions of the ESCRTs have dominated research into these proteins since their discovery in 2001: the biogenesis of multivesicular bodies in endolysosomal sorting; the budding of HIV‐1 and other viruses from the plasma membrane of infected cells; and the membrane abscission step in cytokinesis. The past few years have seen an explosion of novel functions: the biogenesis of microvesicles and exosomes; plasma membrane wound repair; neuron pruning; extraction of defective nuclear pore complexes; nuclear envelope reformation; plus‐stranded RNA virus replication compartment formation; and micro‐ and macroautophagy. Most, and perhaps all, of the functions involve the conserved membrane‐neck‐directed activities of the ESCRTs, revealing a remarkably widespread role for this machinery through a broad swath of cell biology.
The N- and 1-Time Classical Descriptions of N-Body Relativistic Kinematics and the Electromagnetic Interaction

Given N relativistic scalar free particles described by N mass-shell first class constraints in their 8N-dimensional phase space, their N-time description is obtained by means of a series of canonical transformations to a quasi-Shanmugadhasan basis adapted to the constraints. Then the same system is reformulated on spacelike hypersurfaces: the restriction to the family of hyperplanes orthogonal to the total timelike momentum gives rise to a covariant intrinsic 1-time formulation called the "rest-frame instant form" of dynamics. The relation between the N- and 1-time descriptions, the mass spectrum of the system and the way to introduce mutual interactions among the particles are studied. Then the 1-time description of the isolated system of N charged scalar particles plus the electromagnetic field is obtained. The use of Grassmann variables to describe the charges together with the determination of the field and particle Dirac observables leads to a formulation without infinite self-energies and with mutual Coulomb interactions extracted from classical electromagnetic field theory. A comparison with the Feshbach–Villars Hamiltonian formulation of the Klein–Gordon equation is made. Finally a 1-time covariant formulation of relativistic statistical mechanics is found.
Predictive Capacity of Psychopathological Symptoms for Spanish Adolescents’ Future Expectations

This study examines the association between psychopathological problems and future expectations in Spanish early adolescents. Participants were 781 students (48.5% female) from 11 secondary schools, aged 11 - 15 years (M = 12.37, SD = 0.66). The students were of middle and middle-low socioeconomic status. Participants with higher levels of psychopathological problems (emotional and behavioral problems) had lower future expectations. Regression analysis confirmed that certain psychopathological dimensions (anxious/depressed, delinquent behavior, thought problems, social problems) predict some variability of future expectations in early adolescence. The main contribution of this research is to further our comprehension of the development of adolescents’ future expectations and the way in which psychopathological problems have an impact on such development. Future expectations are an important protective factor for healthy development in adolescence, as thinking about the future motivates everyday behavior and influences choices, decisions, and future activities. This paper emphasizes the need for preventive intervention, and at early ages, on cognitive processes related to the future temporal perspective in cases of psychopathological problems.
A Faber-Krahn inequality with drift

Let $\Omega$ be a bounded $C^{2,\alpha}$ domain in $\R^n$ ($n\geq 1$, $0<\alpha<1$), $\Omega^{\ast}$ be the open Euclidean ball centered at $0$ having the same Lebesgue measure as $\Omega$, $\tau\geq 0$ and $v\in L^{\infty}(\Omega,\R^n)$ with $\left\Vert v\right\Vert_{\infty}\leq \tau$. If $\lambda_{1}(\Omega,\tau)$ denotes the principal eigenvalue of the operator $-\Delta+v\cdot\nabla$ in $\Omega$ with Dirichlet boundary condition, we establish that $\lambda_{1}(\Omega,v)\geq \lambda_{1}(\Omega^{\ast},\tau e_{r})$ where $e_{r}(x)=x/\left\vert x\right\vert$. Moreover, equality holds only when, up to translation, $\Omega=\Omega^{\ast}$ and $v=\tau e_{r}$. This result can be viewed as an isoperimetric inequality for the first eigenvalue of the Dirichlet Laplacian with drift. It generalizes the celebrated Rayleigh-Faber-Krahn inequality for the first eigenvalue of the Dirichlet Laplacian.
Circuits with composite moduli

This work studies the power of ACC circuits. These are circuits that have modular gates, in addition to the usual AND,OR,NOT. We are particularly interested in circuits where the modulus is a composite number. Our main result is that every ACC circuit of polynomial size and depth d can be reduced to a depth-2 circuit SYM◦AND of size 2(logn)O(d) . This improves exponentially the previously best-known construction by Yao-Beigel-Tarui, which has size blowup 2 2O(d) . Therefore, depth-reduction for composites asymptotically matches the circuit size in the Allender-Hertrampf construction for primes from 1989. An immediate corollary of our depth-reduction is that NEXP cannot be computed by families of non-uniform ACC circuits of size quasi-polynomial and depth up to o(log n/ log log n). This is a nearly-exponential improvement of the previous best depth lower bound in Williams’ program. In fact, it pushes William’s program to the NC barrier. Our depth-reduction works also for a special form of exponential size ACC circuits. This is used to obtain the first lower bound for general ACC circuits in the interactive compression setting of Chattopadhyay, Oliverra, and Santhanam. The dissertation concludes with a technical remark about the limitations of the correlation method, which is an important tool for proving circuit lower bounds. Green, Roy, and Straubing asked in 2005 whether correlation bounds can be generally used forcircuits with composite modular gates. We provide a partial negative answer to this question. Dissertation Supervisor: Assistant Professor Periklis A. Papakonstantinou
Disk and wind interaction in the young stellar object MWC 297 spatially resolved with VLTI/AMBER

The young stellar object MWC 297 is an embedded B1.5Ve star exhibiting strong hydrogen emission lines and a strong near-infrared continuum excess. This object has been observed with the VLT interferometer equipped with the AMBER instrument during its first commissioning run. VLTI/AMBER is currently the only near infrared interferometer which can observe spectrally dispersed visibilities. MWC 297 has been spatially resolved in the continuum with a visibility of $0.50^{+0.08}_{-0.10}$ as well as in the Brgamma emission line where the visibility decrease to a lower value of $0.33\pm0.06$. This change in the visibility with the wavelength can be interpreted by the presence of an optically thick disk responsible for the visibility in the continuum and of a stellar wind traced by the Brgamma emission line and whose apparent size is 40% larger. We validate this interpretation by building a model of the stellar environment that combines a geometrically thin, optically thick accretion disk model consisting of gas and dust, and a latitude-dependent stellar wind outflowing above the disk surface. The continuum emission and visibilities obtained from this model are fully consistent with the interferometric AMBER data. They agree also with existing optical, near-infrared spectra and other broad-band near-infrared interferometric visibilities. We also reproduce the shape of the visibilities in the Brgamma line as well as the profile of this line obtained at an higher spectral resolution with the VLT/ISAAC spectrograph, and those of the Halpha and Hbeta lines. The disk and wind models yield a consistent inclination of the system of approximately 20 degrees. A picture emerges in which MWC 297 is surrounded by an equatorial flat disk that is possibly still accreting and an outflowing wind which has a much higher velocity in the polar region than at the equator. The VLTI/AMBER unique capability to measure spectral visibilities therefore allows us for the first time to compare the apparent geometry of a wind with the disk structure in a young stellar system.
Categorisation and modelling of quality in context information

Pervasive Computing environments are dynamic and heterogeneous. They are required to be self-managing and autonomic, demanding minimal user's guidance. In pervasive computing, context- aware adaptation is a key concept to meet the varying requirements of different clients. In order to enable context-aware adaptation, context information must be gathered and eventually presented to the application performing the adaptation. It is clear that some form of context categorization will be required given the wide range of heterogeneous context information. Categorizations can be made from different viewpoints such as conceptual viewpoint, measurement viewpoint, temporal characteristics viewpoint and so on. To facilitate the programming of context-aware applications, modelling of contextual information is highly necessary. Most of the existing models fail both to represent dependency relations between the diverse context information, and to utilize these dependency relations. A number of them support narrow classes of context and applied to limited types of application, and most do not consider the issue of Quality of Contextual Information (QoCI). Along with a detailed context categorization, this paper will analyse existing context models and discuss their handling of dependency issues. It uses this analysis to derive a methodology for quality context information modelling in context aware computing.
The relationship of macro and micro processes in Merleau-Ponty: A response to Cutchin

ABSTRACT Cutchin’s commentary on Bailliard, Carroll, and Dallman (2018) posed the question “how can/should the micro and macro be related so that they are viewed as part of the same processes of occupation and life? ” (p. 238). This response engages Cutchin’s question by focusing on aspects of Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy which enfold micro and macro processes into everyday action. Through his concepts of reversibility, écart, and coupling, Merleau-Ponty portrays micro and macro processes as co-constitutive and mutually transformative such that they encroach upon each other and cannot be understood separately. We believe Merleau-Ponty offers valuable insight into how these relationships function at all levels of occupational participation.