Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Simulation-Based Approach to Trade-Off Analysis of Port Security

Motivated by the September 11 attacks, we are addressing the problem of policy analysis of supply-chain security. Considering the potential economic and operational impacts of inspection together with the inherent difficulty of assigning a reasonable cost to an inspection failure call for a policy analysis methodology in which stakeholders can understand the trade-offs between the diverse and potentially conflicting objectives. To obtain this information, we used a simulation-based methodology to characterize the set of Pareto optimal solutions with respect to the multiple objectives represented in the decision problem. Our methodology relies on simulation and the response surface method (RSM) to model the relationships between inspection policies and relevant stakeholder objectives in order to construct a set of Pareto optimal solutions. The approach is illustrated with an application to a real-world supply chain
Properties of host haloes of Lyman-break galaxies and Lyman α emitters from their number densities and angular clustering

We explore empirical relations between three different populations of high-redshift galaxies and their hosting dark haloes employing the halo model approach. Specifically we consider Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) at z ∼ 4 and at z ∼ 5, and Lyman α emitters (LAEs) at z � 4.86, all from the Subaru Deep Field survey extending over an area of about 600 arcmin 2 . We adopt a halo occupation function (HOF) prescription to parametrize the properties of their hosting haloes and the efficiency of halo-dependent star formation. We find that the two LBG samples are well described by the halo model with an appropriate HOF. Comparing the model predictions with the observed number densities and the angular correlation functions for those galaxies, we obtain constraints on properties of their hosting haloes. A typical mass of hosting � ∞
An empirical comparison of the t3, juicer, HDecode and sphinx3 decoders

In this paper we perform a cross-comparison of the T 3 WFST decoder against three different speech recognition decoders on three separate tasks of variable difficulty. We show that the T 3 decoder performs favorably against several established veterans in the field, including the Juicer WFST decoder, Sphinx3, and HDecode in terms of RTF versus Word Accuracy. In addition to comparing decoder performance, we evaluate both Sphinx and HTK acoustic models on a common footing inside T 3 , and show that the speed benefits that typically accompany the WFST approach increase with the size of the vocabulary and other input knowledge sources. In the case of T 3 , we also show
Fiber Polytopes for the Projections between Cyclic Polytopes

The cyclic polytope C(n, d) is the convex hull of any n points on the moment curve {(t, t2, . . . , td) :t? R } in Rd. Ford? &d, we consider the fiber polytope (in the sense of Billera and Sturmfels ) associated to the natural projection of cyclic polytopes ? : C(n,d? ) ? C(n, d) which `forgets? the last d? d coordinates. It is known that this fiber polytope has face lattice indexed by the coherent polytopal subdivisions of C(n, d) which are induced by the map? Our main result characterizes the triples (n, d, d? ) for which the fiber polytope is canonical in either of the following two senses: ? all polytopal subdivisions induced by ? are coherent, ? the structure of the fiber polytope does not depend upon the choice of points on the moment curve. We also discuss a new instance with a positive answer to the generalized Baues problem, namely that of a projection ? : P? Q where Q has only regular subdivisions andP has two more vertices than its dimension.
Effect of storage at 0 °C on mantle proteins and functional properties of jumbo squid

Summary Effect of iced storage of jumbo squid mantle with fin on gelling capacity and changes in protein fractions and functional properties of jumbo squid mantle protein during storage at 0 °C were assessed. Most values of texture variables in gels did not significantly change during storage. On average, they were: strength 65.07 ± 4.71 N; elasticity 68.14 ± 5.3%, fracturability 52.97 ± 1.28 N and cohesiveness 36.6 ± 0.1%. Protein solubility increased more than 40%. Whippability increased during storage for 16 days at 0 °C (81–162%), as did foam stability (73–94%). Results suggest that iced squid mantle protein is a suitable ingredient for food products where these functional properties are desirable. Muscle fibres of squid mantle undergo various changes during storage. At 0 °C, they are disrupted, whereas at −20 °C, they aggregate and develop empty spaces in the tissue.
Does a glass of red wine improve endothelial function?

AIMS To examine the acute effect of red wine and de-alcoholized red wine on endothelial function. METHODS AND RESULTS High frequency ultrasound was used to measure blood flow and percentage brachial artery dilatation after reactive hyperaemia induced by forearm cuff occlusion in 12 healthy subjects, less than 40 years of age, without known cardiovascular risk factors. The subjects drank 250 ml of red wine with or without alcohol over 10 min according to a randomized procedure. Brachial artery dilatation was measured again 30 and 60 min after the subjects had finished drinking. The subjects were studied a second time within a week of the first study in a cross-over design. After the red wine with alcohol the resting brachial artery diameter, resting blood flow, heart rate and plasma-ethanol increased significantly. After the de-alcoholized red wine these parameters were unchanged. Flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery was significantly higher (P<0.05) after drinking de-alcoholized red wine (5.6+/-3.2%) than after drinking red wine with alcohol (3.6+/-2.2%) and before drinking (3.9+/-2.5%). CONCLUSION After ingestion of red wine with alcohol the brachial artery dilated and the blood flow increased. These changes were not observed following the de-alcoholized red wine and were thus attributable to ethanol. These haemodynamic changes may have concealed an effect on flow-mediated brachial artery dilatation which did not increase after drinking red wine with alcohol. Flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery increased significantly after de-alcoholized red wine and this finding may support the hypothesis that antioxidant qualities of red wine, rather than ethanol in itself, may protect against cardiovascular disease.
Design of the EROS Trusted Window System

Window systems are the primary mediator of user input and output in modern computing systems. They are also a commonly used interprocess communication mechanism. As a result, they play a key role in the enforcement of security policies and the protection of sensitive information. A user typing a password or passphrase must be assured that it is disclosed exclusively to the intended program. In highly secure systems, global policies concerning information flow restrictions must be honored. Most window systems today, including X11 and Microsoft Windows, have carried forward the presumptive trust assumptions of the Xerox Alto from which they were conceptually derived. These assumptions are inappropriate for modern computing environments. In this paper, we present the design of a new trusted window system for the EROS capability-based operating system. The EROS Window System (EWS) provides robust traceability of user volition and is capable (with extension) of enforcing mandatory access controls. The entire implementation of EWS is less than 4,500 lines, which is a factor of ten smaller than previous trusted window systems such as Trusted X, and well within the range of what can feasibly be evaluated for high assurance.
Enhanced Transmural Fiber Rotation and Connexin 43 Heterogeneity Are Associated With an Increased Upper Limit of Vulnerability in a Transgenic Rabbit Model of Human Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, characterized by cardiac hypertrophy and myocyte disarray, is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in the young. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is often caused by mutations in sarcomeric genes. We sought to determine arrhythmia propensity and underlying mechanisms contributing to arrhythmia in a transgenic (TG) rabbit model (&bgr;-myosin heavy chain–Q403) of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Langendorff-perfused hearts from TG (n=6) and wild-type (WT) rabbits (n=6) were optically mapped. The upper and lower limits of vulnerability, action potential duration (APD) restitution, and conduction velocity were measured. The transmural fiber angle shift was determined using diffusion tensor MRI. The transmural distribution of connexin 43 was quantified with immunohistochemistry. The upper limit of vulnerability was significantly increased in TG versus WT hearts (13.3±2.1 versus 7.4±2.3 V/cm; P=3.2e−5), whereas the lower limits of vulnerability were similar. APD restitution, conduction velocities, and anisotropy were also similar. Left ventricular transmural fiber rotation was significantly higher in TG versus WT hearts (95.6±10.9° versus 79.2±7.8°; P=0.039). The connexin 43 density was significantly increased in the mid-myocardium of TG hearts compared with WT (5.46±2.44% versus 2.68±0.77%; P=0.024), and similar densities were observed in the endo- and epicardium. Because a nearly 2-fold increase in upper limit of vulnerability was observed in the TG hearts without significant changes in APD restitution, conduction velocity, or the anisotropy ratio, we conclude that structural remodeling may underlie the elevated upper limit of vulnerability in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Send Orders of Reprints at Reprints@benthamscience.org Modulation of Cellular Mg 2+ Content in Cardiac Cells by 1 -adrenoceptor Stimulation and Anti-arrhythmic Agents

Magnesium (Mg 2+) is used pharmacologically to sedate specific forms of arrhythmias. Administration of pharmacological doses of catecholamine or adrenergic receptor agonists often results in arrhythmias onset. Results from the present study indicate that stimulation of cardiac adrenergic receptors elicits an extrusion of cellular Mg 2+ into the ex-tracellular space. This effect occurs in both perfused hearts and isolated cells within 5-6 min following either-or 1-adrenergic receptor stimulation, and is prevented by specific adrenergic receptors antagonists. Sequential stimulation of the two classes of adrenergic receptor results in a larger mobilization of cellular Mg 2+ provided that the two agonists are administered together or within 1-2 min from each other. A longer delay in administering the second stimulus results in the abolishment of Mg 2+ extrusion. Hence, these data suggest that the stimulation of-and 1-adrenergic receptors mobilizes Mg 2+ from two distinct cellular pools, and that Mg 2+ loss from either pool triggers a Mg 2+ redistribution within the cardiac myocyte. At the sarcolemmal level, Mg 2+ extrusion occurs through a Na + /Mg 2+ exchange mechanism phosphory-lated by cAMP. Administration of quinidine, a patent anti-arrhythmic agent, blocks Na + transport in a non-specific manner and prevents Mg 2+ extrusion. Taken together, these data indicate that catecholamine administration induces dynamic changes in total and compartmentalized Mg 2+ pools within the cardiac myocytes, and suggest that prevention of Mg 2+ ex-trusion and redistribution may be an integral component of the effectiveness of quinidine and possibly other cardiac anti-arrhythmic agents. Confirmation of this possibility by future experimental and clinical studies might result in new patents of these compounds as Mg 2+ preserving agents.
Elevated expression of FABP3 and FABP4 cooperatively correlates with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are intracellular lipid-binding proteins that are involved in a variety of biological cellular processes, including tumorigenesis. In this study, we explored the expression pattern of FABP3 and FABP4 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as their roles in prognosis. We determined mRNA expression of FABP3 and FABP4 in matched pairs of cancerous and non-cancerous fresh frozen tissues from 30 NSCLC patients. Tissue microarray immunohistochemical analysis (TMA-IHC) was applied to determine the protein expression of FABP3 and FABP4 in 281 cancerous and 121 matched adjacent non-cancerous tissue samples. Our results showed that both mRNA and protein expression of FABP3 and FABP4 were significantly higher in cancerous tissues when compared to non-cancerous tissues. Furthermore, high expression of FABP3 or FABP4 in NSCLC was significantly associated with advanced tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage and had a negative impact on the overall survival of NSCLC patients. Concurrent high expression of FABP3 and FABP4 was significantly related to TNM stage. In conclusion, our research demonstrated that high FABP3 or FABP4 expression had strong prognostic value for overall survival in NSCLC. Detection of FABP3 and FABP4 cooperatively was helpful to predict the prognosis of NSCLC.
Evaluation of lytic activity of staphylococcal bacteriophage Sb‐1 against freshly isolated clinical pathogens

In recent decades the increase in antibiotic‐resistant bacterial strains has become a serious threat to the treatment of infectious diseases. Drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus has become a major problem in hospitals of many countries, including developed ones. Today the interest in alternative remedies to antibiotics, including bacteriophage treatment, is gaining new ground. Here, we describe the staphylococcal bacteriophage Sb‐1 – a key component of therapeutic phage preparation that was successfully used against staphylococcal infections during many years in the Former Soviet Union. This phage still reveals a high spectrum of lytic activity in vitro against freshly isolated, genetically different clinical samples (including methicillin‐resistant S. aureus) obtained from the local hospitals, as well as the clinics from different geographical areas. The sequence analyses of phage genome showed absence of bacterial virulence genes. A case report describes a promising clinical response after phage application in patient with cystic fibrosis and indicates the efficacy of usage of Sb‐1 phage against various staphylococcal infections.
Technology Mapping for Low Power

The last couple of years have seen the addition of a new dimension in the evaluation of circuit quality - its power requirements. Low power circuits are emerging as an important application domain, and synthesis for low power is demanding attention. The research presented in this paper addresses one aspect of low power synthesis. It focuses on the problem of mapping a technology independent circuit to a technology specific one, using gates from a given library, with power as the optimization metric. Several issues in modeling and measuring circuit power, as well as algorithms for technology mapping for low power are presented here. Empirically, it is observed that a significant variation in the power consumption is possible just by varying the choice of gates. Technology mapping for low power provides circuits with up to 24% lower power requirements than those obtained by technology mapping for area.
A 1 . 8 V 22 mW 10 bit 165 MSPS Pipelined ADC for Video Applications

In analog to digital converter, power consumption is considered as a major challenge to improve the performance. In this paper double sampling MDAC and amplifier sharing techniques are used to reduce power consumption for video applications.Since the requirements of high frame rate video capturing instruments and other video systems are successfully matched with that of the presented pipelined data converter, it is suitable for such applications. Use of dynamic comparators in the 1.5 bit stage architecture causes further reduction in power consumption.A 10 bit 165 MSPS Pipelined ADC which consumes 22mW of power was designed. The ADC was designed in a 0. 18μm CMOS process and achieves 64 dB SFDR,56.1 dB SNDR, 9.02 ENOB and 0.25PJ/step FOM for a 1-V differential input signal and 9 MHz Input frequency from a 1 . 8V supply voltage. From the results it was observed that this 10 bit Pipelined ADC was suitable for Video applications. Key-Words:Pipelined ADC, Low power, Video application, Dynamic Comparator, Amplifier sharing, Sample-and-Hold.
Phoenix: A Fault-Tolerant Distributed Web Storage Based on URLs

This paper presents, in the form of a case study, the design, implementation and performance evaluation of Phoenix: a prototype of fault-tolerant distributed storage web service, based on URLs. Phoenix includes Web Storage Middleware (WSM) that re-uses the URLs of the files to accommodate data/redundancy load dynamically as well as a set of redundancy strategies. Strategies include simple file-replication, error-coding techniques and a new hybrid adaptive technique. Experimental evidence on performance shows that distributing the users to several web servers compensates the overhead produced both when generating and distributing data redundancy. We also found during web server failures, users do not perceive but a lengthening on the system response times. As it could be expected, peak users requests and network congestion are the most important factors affecting the performance of storage system.
CLOUDS IN THE COLDEST BROWN DWARFS: FIRE SPECTROSCOPY OF ROSS 458C

Condensate clouds are a salient feature of L dwarf atmospheres, but have been assumed to play little role in shaping the spectra of the coldest T-type brown dwarfs. Here we report evidence of condensate opacity in the near-infrared spectrum of the brown dwarf candidate Ross 458C, obtained with the Folded-Port Infrared Echellette (FIRE) spectrograph at the Magellan Telescopes. These data verify the low-temperature nature of this source, indicating a T8 spectral classification, log10Lbol/L☉ = −5.62 ± 0.03, Teff = 650 ± 25 K, and a mass at or below the deuterium burning limit. The data also reveal enhanced emission at the K band associated with youth (low surface gravity) and supersolar metallicity, reflecting the properties of the Ross 458 system (age = 150–800 Myr, [Fe/H] = +0.2 to +0.3). We present fits of FIRE data for Ross 458C, the T9 dwarf ULAS J133553.45+113005.2, and the blue T7.5 dwarf SDSS J141624.08+134826.7B, to cloudless and cloudy spectral models from Saumon & Marley. For Ross 458C, we confirm a low surface gravity and supersolar metallicity, while the temperature differs depending on the presence (635+25−35 K) or absence (760+70−45 K) of cloud extinction. ULAS J1335+1130 and SDSS J1416+1348B have similar temperatures (595+25−45 K), but distinct surface gravities (log g = 4.0–4.5 cgs versus 5.0–5.5 cgs) and metallicities ([M/H] ≈ +0.2 versus −0.2). In all three cases, cloudy models provide better fits to the spectral data, significantly so for Ross 458C. These results indicate that clouds are an important opacity source in the spectra of young cold T dwarfs and should be considered when characterizing planetary-mass objects in young clusters and directly imaged exoplanets. The characteristics of Ross 458C suggest that it could itself be regarded as a planet, albeit one whose cosmogony does not conform with current planet formation theories.
Cattle NK Cell Heterogeneity and the Influence of MHC Class I

Primate and rodent NK cells form highly heterogeneous lymphocyte populations owing to the differential expression of germline-encoded receptors. Many of these receptors are polymorphic and recognize equally polymorphic determinants of MHC class I. This diversity can lead to individuals carrying NK cells with different specificities. Cattle have an unusually diverse repertoire of NK cell receptor genes predicted to encode receptors that recognize MHC class I. To begin to examine whether this genetic diversity leads to a diverse NK cell population, we isolated peripheral NK cells from cattle with different MHC homozygous genotypes. Cytokine stimulation differentially influenced the transcription of five receptors at the cell population level. Using dilution cultures, we found that a further seven receptors were differentially transcribed, including five predicted to recognize MHC class I. Moreover, there was a statistically significant reduction in killer cell lectin-like receptor mRNA expression between cultures with different CD2 phenotypes and from animals with different MHC class I haplotypes. This finding confirms that cattle NK cells are a heterogeneous population and reveals that the receptors creating this diversity are influenced by the MHC. The importance of this heterogeneity will become clear as we learn more about the role of NK cells in cattle disease resistance and vaccination.
A multi-scale DAG for cartographic objects

Geographic Information Systems manage data with respect to spatial location and that data is presented graphically as a map or sketch. A database of objects with some geometric properties is used to render these objects graphically for different tasks. Typically these tasks require graphical presentations at different levels of detail, ranging from overview screens to detailed views [Herot et al., 1980]. Practically a base map is stored and its scale changed graphically. Without major distortions, only changes to twice or half the original scale are feasible by simple numeric scale change. A function to draw cartographic sketches quickly and in arbitrary scales is needed. We propose a multi-scale hierarchical structure where renderings of spatial objects with increasing detail are stored: a directed acyclic graph (DAG). These are used to compose a topographic map at a particular scale. We assume that the object renderings for the DAG already exist. Methods to select objects for rendering are based on the importance of the object for a particular taskand on the principle of equal information density. We propose a method for determining information density, namely measuring the ink content of the map.
Glucocorticoid Insensitivity in Virally Infected Airway Epithelial Cells Is Dependent on Transforming Growth Factor-β Activity

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations are commonly associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RV) and influenza A virus (IAV) infection. The ensuing airway inflammation is resistant to the anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids (GCs). Viral infection elicits transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activity, a growth factor we have previously shown to impair GC action in human airway epithelial cells through the activation of activin-like kinase 5 (ALK5), the type 1 receptor of TGF-β. In the current study, we examine the contribution of TGF-β activity to the GC-resistance caused by viral infection. We demonstrate that viral infection of human bronchial epithelial cells with RSV, RV or IAV impairs GC anti-inflammatory action. Poly(I:C), a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA, also impairs GC activity. Both viral infection and poly(I:C) increase TGF-β expression and activity. Importantly, the GC impairment was attenuated by the selective ALK5 (TGFβRI) inhibitor, SB431542 and prevented by the therapeutic agent, tranilast, which reduced TGF-β activity associated with viral infection. This study shows for the first time that viral-induced glucocorticoid-insensitivity is partially mediated by activation of endogenous TGF-β.
Exact Outage Probability of Cognitive Underlay DF Relay Networks with Best Relay Selection

In this letter, we address the performance analysis of underlay selective decode-and-forward (DF) relay networks in Rayleigh fading channels with non-necessarily identical fading parameters. In particular, a novel result on the outage probability of the considered system is presented. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to verify the correctness of our exact closed-form expression. Our proposed analysis can be adopted for various underlay spectrum sharing applications of cognitive DF relay networks.