Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF GYPSY MOTH IN NORTH AMERICA

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Recent studies (52) support the earlier conclusions of Bess et al (16) and Campbell & Sloan (30,31) that gypsy moth populations are maintained at low densities primarily by the action of small mammal predators. Spatially densi­ty-dependent parasitism by tachinids such as C. concinnata may also be important in suppressing incipient outbreaks (63). The reasons such factors fail in certain years and allow gypsy moth populations to escape into outbreak phase have not been elucidated. Factors that affect small mammal population density such as overwintering food supply are important possible causes of population release. Other factors that affect predation rates by small mammals such as berry crops which compete with gypsy moth as a food item (147) may also be important. However, changes in factors that affect fecundity or survival of early instars may in certain years result in densities of late instar larvae or pupae that approach the satiation points of predators. The syn­chronous behavior of gypsy moth populations over fairly large regions sug­gests that weather conditions drive the system in some manner, but the mechanisms remain obscure. It is entirely possible that different weather events and the failure of different mortality agents are responsible for the onset of outbreak phase in different years. The factors controlling outbreak populations are better understood. In recent years major advances have occurred in our understanding of
Relevance vector machine classification for big data on Ebola outbreak

Currently, huge sizes of indeterminate data are effortlessly collected or created at a very high pace in numerous real-life applications. Classifying this indefinite big data, is computationally intensive as large amount of data is related with existential probability of undefined or undetermined values of raw data. In this study, we propose a data mining approach for the classification of big dataset based on death toll by epidemic outbreak of Ebola virus and comparing its relevance with other epidemic diseases and generalizing error and intra class separability using relevance vector machine classifier.
Virtually boyfriends: the ‘social factory’ and affective labor of male virtual lovers in China

ABSTRACT As China continues to neoliberalize in the new millennium, the Internet and other social media also enable new subjects of affective labor to emerge. Since 2014, young men increasingly hawk their services as xuni lianren (virtual lovers) on popular Chinese websites. These men explicitly state that while they neither sell sex nor meet their clients in person, they behave otherwise as actual boyfriends would: over chatting apps, they talk to clients for leisure, and provide relief from frustrations accumulated from family, school, and work. Using fieldwork data gathered from male virtual lovers, we argue that that their sale of immaterial affective labor substantiates [Virno, P. (2004). A grammar of the multitude: For an analysis of contemporary forms of life. New York: Semiotext(e)] idea of the social factory by demonstrating that social relations are indeed transforming (albeit incompletely) into relations of production.
Leptonic secondary emission in a hadronic microquasar model

Context. It has been proposed that the origin of the very high-energy photons emitted from high-mass X-ray binaries with jet-like features, so-called microquasars (MQs), is related to hadronic interactions between relativistic protons in the jet and cold protons of the stellar wind. Leptonic secondary emission should be calculated in a complete hadronic model that includes the effects of pairs from charged pion decays inside the jets and the emission from pairs generated by gamma-ray absorption in the photosphere of the system. Aims. We aim at predicting the broadband spectrum from a general hadronic microquasar model, taking into account the emission from secondaries created by charged pion decay inside the jet. Methods. The particle energy distribution for secondary leptons injected along the jets is consistently derived taking the energy losses into account. The spectral energy distribution resulting from these leptons is calculated after assuming different values of the magnetic field inside the jets. We also compute the spectrum of the gamma-rays produced by neutral pion-decay and processed by electromagnetic cascades under the stellar photon field. Results. We show that the secondary emission can dominate the spectral energy distribution at low energies (∼1 MeV). At high energies, the production spectrum can be significantly distorted by the effect of electromagnetic cascades. These effects are phasedependent, and some variability modulated by the orbital period is predicted.
Leakage current mechanisms in SiGe HBTs fabricated using selective and nonselective epitaxy

SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) have been fabricated using selective epitaxy for the Si collector, followed in the same growth step by nonselective epitaxy for the p/sup +/ SiGe base and n-Si emitter cap. DC electrical characteristics are compared with cross-section TEM images to identify the mechanisms and origins of leakage currents associated with the epitaxy in two different types of transistor. In the first type, the polysilicon emitter is smaller than the collector active area, so that the extrinsic base implant penetrates into the single-crystal Si and SiGe around the perimeter of the emitter and the polycrystalline Si and SiGe extrinsic base. In these transistors, the Gummel plots are near-ideal and there is no evidence of emitter/collector leakage. In the second type, the collector active area is smaller than the polysilicon emitter, so the extrinsic base implant only penetrates into the polysilicon extrinsic base. In these transistors, the leakage currents observed depend on the base doping level. In transistors with a low doped base, emitter/collector and emitter/base leakage is observed, whereas in transistors with a high doped base only emitter/base leakage is observed. The emitter/collector leakage is explained by punch through of the base caused by thinning of the SiGe base at the emitter perimeter. The emitter/base leakage is shown to be due to a Poole-Frenkel mechanism and is explained by penetration of the emitter/base depletion region into the p/sup +/ polysilicon extrinsic base at the emitter periphery. Variable collector/base reverse leakage currents are observed and a variety of mechanisms are observed, including Shockley-Read-Hall recombination, trap assisted tunneling, Poole-Frenkel and band to band tunneling. These results are explained by the presence of polysilicon grains on the sidewalls of the field oxide at the collector perimeter.
Biologically Inspired Robotic Experiments on Interaction and Dynamic Agent-Environment Couplings

The rst part of this paper addresses Artiicial Life as an example of biologically inspired research. I discuss the general methodology and propose an interactive approach towards studying interactions and couplings of an agent within its social and non-social environment. Believ-ability and embodiment are introduced as central concepts to this approach. The second part of this paper gives four examples of agent-environment interactions along my research on socially intelligent agents. I report on ecological experiments with robots and simulated agents which are carefully adapted to their environment. Adaptation comprises both the design of the agent's `morphology', as well as the dynamic coupling which results from the link agent/environment and control program. The dynamic agent-environment coupling is implemented with a behaviour-orientated, parallel control architecture .
DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATION

DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATION Jerry Banks Marietta, Georgia 30067 Initially published in the Proceedings of the 1999 Winter Simulation Conference (ed. P.A. Farrington, H.B. Nembhard, D.T. Sturrock, G.W. Evans) pp. 7-13. I. KEY TERMS II. ABSTRACT IiI. DEFINITION OF SIMULATION IV. SIMULATION EXAMPLE V. MODELING CONCEPTS VI. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF SIMULATION A. Advantages B. Disadvantages C. Offsetting the disadvantages VII. STEPS IN A SIMULATION STUDY VIII. REFERENCES
Neonatal abstinence syndrome after in utero exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in term infants.

OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence and clinical characteristics of neonatal abstinence syndrome in neonates exposed and not exposed to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in utero. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Tertiary care center. Patients One hundred twenty term infants, of whom 60 had prolonged in utero exposure to SSRIs, including paroxetine hydrochloride, fluoxetine, citalopram hydrobromide, sertraline hydrochloride, and venlafaxine hydrochloride. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Neonatal abstinence syndrome was assessed with the Finnegan score as follows: score of 8 or above, severe; score of 4 to 7, mild; and score of 0 to 3, normal. All infants were followed up with a standardized protocol that included repeated Finnegan score assessments and cardiorespiratory monitoring until normalization of the Finnegan score. RESULTS Of the 60 neonates exposed to SSRIs in utero, 8 showed severe and 10 showed mild symptoms of a neonatal abstinence syndrome. All nonexposed neonates had a normal Finnegan score. In neonates who developed severe symptoms, the maximum mean daily Finnegan scores were recorded within 2 days after birth, although maximum individual scores were recorded as long as 4 days after birth. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal abstinence syndrome occurs in 30% of neonates exposed to SSRIs in utero. These neonates should be monitored for at least 48 hours after birth. The long-term effects of prolonged exposure to SSRIs, particularly in neonates who develop severe symptoms, have yet to be determined.
A survey on quantum computing with main focus on the methods of implementation and commercialization gaps

This research focuses on surveying in an attractive field of quantum computing. The paper begins by highlighting a brief history of quantum mechanics. Major elements of quantum computing such as quantum superposition, quantum tunnelling and qubits are addressed at next from a physics perspective. In addition, various methods and applications of quantum physics are also examined. This paper discusses the power and efficiencies that a quantum computer provides and the basis for these claims. Furthermore, the level of research in quantum computing and it's commercial markets assays to find out the major contributions and developments in the field of quantum computing. The top two leading organisations in quantum computing are picked and reviewed with their up to date contributions. This paper expresses the methods and techniques which are being used by these two organisations to implement a quantum processor and the level of success that has been achieved. This research attempts to log the challenges and limitations that these organisations face in the development of quantum computing. Finally, the research compares quantum model with classical computing model.
Asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis: clinical features, prognosis, and symptom progression in a large population based cohort

Background: Many patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. However, because most studies of asymptomatic PBC have been small and from tertiary centres, asymptomatic PBC remains poorly characterised. Aims: To describe the features and progression of initially asymptomatic PBC patients. Methods: Follow up by interview and note review of a large geographically and temporally defined cohort of patients with PBC, collected by multiple methods. Results: Of a total of 770 patients, 469 (61%) were asymptomatic at diagnosis. These patients had biochemically and histologically less advanced disease than initially symptomatic patients. Median survival was similar in both groups (9.6 v 8.0 years, respectively) possibly due to excess of non-liver related deaths in asymptomatic patients (31% v 57% of deaths related to liver disease). Survival in initially asymptomatic patients was not affected by subsequent symptom development. By the end of follow up, 20% of initially asymptomatic patients had died of liver disease or required liver transplantation. The majority of initially asymptomatic patients developed symptoms of liver disease if they were followed up for long enough (Kaplan-Meier estimate of proportion developing symptoms: 50% after five years, 95% after 20 years). However, 45% of patients remained asymptomatic at the time of death. Conclusions: Although asymptomatic PBC is less severe at diagnosis than symptomatic disease, it is not associated with a better prognosis, possibly due to an increase in non-hepatic deaths. The reasons for this are unclear but may reflect confounding by other risk factors or surveillance bias. These findings have important implications for future treatment strategies.
State management and concurrency in event processing

State management in stream and event processing applications is a long-standing problem. There is a conflict between individual stream processing (SP) operators as transformational units, whose purpose is to generate business events, and (explicit) state that evolves with time. In the paper, we propose a new scalable design solution for this problem using functional state transformer (ST) component(s) combined with a traditional stream processor.
Immunomodulatory Effect of Red Onion (Allium cepa Linn) Scale Extract on Experimentally Induced Atypical Prostatic Hyperplasia in Wistar Rats

Red onion scales (ROS) contain large amounts of flavonoids that are responsible for the reported antioxidant activity, immune enhancement, and anticancer property. Atypical prostatic hyperplasia (APH) was induced in adult castrated Wistar rats by both s.c. injection of testosterone (0.5 mg/rat/day) and by smearing citral on shaved skin once every 3 days for 30 days. Saw palmetto (100 mg/kg) as a positive control and ROS suspension at doses of 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg/day were given orally every day for 30 days. All medications were started 7 days after castration and along with testosterone and citral. The HPLC profile of ROS methanolic extract displayed two major peaks identified as quercetin and quercetin-4′-β-O-D-glucoside. Histopathological examination of APH-induced prostatic rats revealed evidence of hyperplasia and inflammation with cellular proliferation and reduced apoptosis Immunohistochemistry showed increased tissue expressions of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IGF-1, and clusterin, while TGF-β1 was decreased, which correlates with the presence of inflammation. Both saw palmetto and RO scale treatment have ameliorated these changes. These ameliorative effects were more evident in RO scale groups and were dose dependent. In conclusion, methanolic extract of ROS showed a protective effect against APH induced rats that may be attributed to potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.
Motivating Teachers towards Expertise Development: A Mixed-Methods Study of the Relationships between School Culture, Internal Factors, and State of Flow.

The purpose of this sequential mixed-methods research was to discover the impact school culture, internal factors, and the state of flow has upon motivating a teacher to develop teaching expertise. This research was designed to find answers concerning why and how individual teachers can nurture their existing internal factors to increase their motivation to seek expertise development and to explore how school culture, internal factors, and state of flow may encourage or limit the development of expertise in order to add to the discussion of educational reform efforts. The major findings of this study included: (1) Teacher-student kinship, an almost family-like relationship, is the driving motivational force behind a teacher’s development towards expertise; (2) Expert teachers can seamlessly merge their strong pedagogical, content, and interpersonal knowledge into a single expert lens through which they view all interactions and activities to positively impact student achievement; (3) Expert teachers constantly and consistently seek deep-impacting professional learning experience; and (4) Expert teachers can function at high capacity regardless of school culture, but prefer optimal school culture. These major findings hold implications for theory, practice, and future research particularly in the realm of teacher quality and the change of mindset towards the profession and the standards of education.
A Digital-Intensive Multimode Multiband Receiver Using a Sinc${^2}$  Filter-Embedded VCO-Based ADC

In this paper, we present a 0.2-1.8-GHz digital-intensive receiver front-end using a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based analog-to-digital converter (ADC) running at 1.4 Gs/s in 90-nm CMOS. To improve the out-of-band rejection, we propose a second-order anti-aliasing Sinc filter that can be embedded in the ADC, which exploits the integrating nature of a VCO. the nonideal effect of the proposed architecture is analyzed with regard to the waveform imperfection due to device mismatch. The proposed receiver achieves -94 dBm of sensitivity at 1-MHz bandwidth and - 6.8 dBm of IIP3, while providing 50-dB rejection of aliased signals.
Bess or xbest: Mining the Malaysian online reviews

Advancement in information and technology facilities especially the Internet has changed the way we communicate and express opinions or sentiments on services or products that we consume. Opinion mining aims to automate the process of mining opinions into the positive or the negative views. It will benefit both the customers and the sellers in identifying the best product or service. Although there are researchers that explore new techniques of identifying the sentiment polarization, few works have been done on opinion mining created by the Malaysian reviewers. The same scenario happens to micro-text. Therefore in this study, we conduct an exploratory research on opinion mining of online movie reviews collected from several forums and blogs written by the Malaysian. The experiment data are tested using machine learning classifiers i.e. Support VectorMachine, Naïve Baiyes and k-Nearest Neighbor. The result illustrates that the performance of these machine learning techniques without any preprocessing of the micro-texts or feature selection is quite low. Therefore additional steps are required in order to mine the opinions from these data.
An efficient hash-based searching for specimens in the museum's exhibit

Collected specimens can highlight visitor's understanding of nature and evolutionary history from museum. Thus, museum's physical collection is often used to produce exhibits. However, it is a trend to create physical exhibit and web exhibit concurrently. The purpose is to serve different audiences using different delivery systems. Museum's collections that stored and managed into a large database, termed content databases provide valuable information and data for use in the development of e-learning. The database for specific exhibit can be used as educational resources to providing a full interactive learning experience for students and casual information seekers. However, collision free, no waste of memory space and fast searching are three important factors as searching related specimen from the web. This paper is to propose a new scheme for constructing letter-oriented minimal perfect hashing functions to benefit searching experience, which is based on the Newton's interpolating polynomials.
Sequencing of 15,622 gene-bearing BACs reveals new features of the barley genome

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) possesses a large and highly repetitive genome of 5.1 Gb that has hindered the development of a complete sequence. In 2012, the International Barley Sequencing Consortium released a resource integrating whole-genome shotgun sequences with a physical and genetic framework. However, since only 6,278 BACs in the physical map were sequenced, detailed fine structure was limited. To gain access to the gene-containing portion of the barley genome at high resolution, we identified and sequenced 15,622 BACs representing the minimal tiling path of 72,052 physical mapped gene-bearing BACs. This generated about 1.7 Gb of genomic sequence containing 17,386 annotated barley genes. Exploration of the sequenced BACs revealed that although distal ends of chromosomes contain most of the gene-enriched BACs and are characterized by high rates of recombination, there are also gene-dense regions with suppressed recombination. Knowledge of these deviant regions is relevant to trait introgression, genome-wide association studies, genomic selection model development and map-based cloning strategies. Sequences and their gene and SNP annotations can be accessed and exported via http://harvest-web.org/hweb/utilmenu.wc or through the software HarvEST:Barley (download from harvest.ucr.edu). In the latter, we have implemented a synteny viewer between barley and Aegilops tauschii to aid in comparative genome analysis.
Women's empowerment and choice of contraceptive methods in selected African countries.

CONTEXT It is generally believed that women's lack of decision-making power may restrict their use of modern contraceptives. However, few studies have examined the different dimensions of women's empowerment and contraceptive use in African countries. METHODS Data came from the latest round of Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2006 and 2008 in Namibia, Zambia, Ghana and Uganda. Responses from married or cohabiting women aged 15-49 were analyzed for six dimensions of empowerment and the current use of female-only methods or couple methods. Bivariate and multivariate multinomial regressions were used to identify associations between the empowerment dimensions and method use. RESULTS Positive associations were found between the overall empowerment score and method use in all countries (relative risk ratios, 1.1-1.3). In multivariate analysis, household economic decision making was associated with the use of either female-only or couple methods (1.1 for all), as was agreement on fertility preferences (1.3-1.6) and the ability to negotiate sexual activity (1.1-1.2). In Namibia, women's negative attitudes toward domestic violence were correlated with the use of couple methods (1.1). CONCLUSIONS Intervention programs aimed at increasing contraceptive use may need to involve different approaches, including promoting couples' discussion of fertility preferences and family planning, improving women's self-efficacy in negotiating sexual activity and increasing their economic independence.
Interference impact on throughput performance of Bluetooth scatternets under different traffic loads

Multiple Bluetooth piconets are likely to co-exist in a physical environment, supporting many wireless applications. An independently operating Bluetooth piconet will inevitably encounter mutual interference from collocated piconets, which results in individual piconet and overall scatternet performance degradation. In this paper, the throughput performance of Bluetooth piconet is studied and evaluated as the number of interfering piconets is increased considering that the frequency hopping mechanism in Bluetooth piconets is not a totally random process. Several different simulations were performed with varying inter-piconet time offset in order to represent the effects of different packet sizes, symmetric / asymmetric transmission, synchronized / unsynchronized data packets, and different traffic loads with non equal probabilities of collision for different packet sizes. Results proved that certain packets sizes can achieve higher throughput depending on type, size, and number of interferers. Throughput improvement may be achieved in the presence of interference by changing the packet size in the piconet. It was also verified that an optimum traffic load could be reached to achieve maximum throughput for each number of piconets.