Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Copper Deficiency Increases Cytochrome P450-Dependent 7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase Activity in Rat Small Intestine

Abstract Although impaired heme synthesis during copper deficiency may limit the production and function of hemoproteins, little is known about the effects of copper deficiency on the cytochromes P450, an important family of hemoproteins, in the small intestine. A series of experiments was conducted to examine the effects of copper deficiency on cytochrome P450 content, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase activity in rat small intestine. Sixteen hours after a single oral administration of 5,6-benzoflavone (BF), an inducer of cytochromes P4501A1 and P4501A2, intestinal cytochrome P450 content was elevated as indicated by the CO-difference spectrum of the reduced cytochrome and by immunoblotting using anticytochrome P4501A1/1A2. However, cytochrome P450 content, measured by either method following BF induction, was not affected by copper deficiency. Thus, copper deficiency did not impair the availability of heme for cytochrome P450 synthesis in the small intestine. Even though copper deficiency did not affect intestinal cytochrome P450 content, EROD activity, which is a cytochrome P450-associated monooxygenase activity, was 9-fold higher in copper-deficient rats compared with controls following BF treatment. The finding that copper deficiency has no effect on intestinal cytochrome P450 content suggests that the increased EROD activity results from an effect of copper deficiency on the cytochrome P450 reductase component of the monooxygenase system. Measurement of cytochrome P450 reductase activity showed a 2-fold increase in the small intestines of copper-deficient rats compared with controls. It is possible, therefore, that increased intestinal cytochrome P450 reductase activity during copper deficiency increases EROD activity by facilitating the flow of electrons to cytochrome P450 during the redox cycle that cytochrome P450 undergoes during the O-deethylation of ethoxyresorufin.
Between a rock and a hard place? A case study of the issues facing advisors in introducing IIP to SMEs

Purpose – This case study aims to describe the work of a Business Link in relation to the promotion and implementation of Investors in People (IIP) with small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). Its purpose is to highlight the views of IIP advisors with regard to working with SMEs and the appropriateness of the award. Design/methodology/approach – The case identifies the particular challenges that the advisors face in trying to deliver a consultancy service to SMEs which is valuable to them and which also satisfies the government's requirement for commitment to and recognition of attainment of IIP. The research involved in‐depth interviews with IIP advisors at a Business Link which sought to understand the nature of their work, the methods they use and what they saw as the issues and challenges in meeting customer needs. Findings – The research confirms previous studies detailing the difficulties in matching IIP requirements with the individual requirements of SMEs. It also highlights the fact that Business Links need to “play the system” in order to reach the government set targets. IIP advisors are caught in the undesirable position of trying to deliver a useful consultancy service (which may not lead to IIP recognition) to the firm and the need to achieve specified commitment and recognition rates. Research limitations/implications – While it is recognised that a single case has its limitations in terms of universal applicability, this example provides an aspect of IIP which has not previously been explored. Practical implications – This paper suggests that listening to and consulting with those “at the coalface” could have considerable benefits in both ensuring that assistance for SMEs is appropriate and that funding is targeted appropriately. Originality/value – The views of those charged with implementing government initiatives are rarely sought, although there has been considerable research undertaken with the firms themselves.
Acute Effects of Submaximal Endurance Training on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Middle‐ and Long‐Distance Runners

Measures of arterial stiffness are indicators for cardiovascular health and predictors of cardiovascular events. Arterial stiffness is responsive to acute physiologic stressors such as exercise. However, the acute effects of intensive exercise and recovery on arterial stiffness are controversial. Thirty‐seven healthy middle‐ and long‐distance runners (33 men, mean age 26.5±6.6 years) underwent evaluation of their cardiovascular stiffness at rest, after a 15‐minute warm‐up, immediately after vigorous running 3 km at the pace of their 10‐km personal best, and finally 30 minutes after terminating their workout. Peripheral and central systolic blood pressure, as well as augmentation index and pulse wave velocity (PWV), increased during exercise in comparison to baseline (P<.001, general linear model). Thirty minutes after terminating the workout, a drop in peripheral blood pressure (P<.001), central blood pressure (P<.001), and PWV (P=.001) below baseline was observed. Therefore, the authors found that exercise of either moderate or vigorous intensity causes a temporary increase in arterial stiffness in middle‐ and long‐distance runners.
ToGather: Linguistic Knowledge Extraction/Sharing System from Paper Documents

We usually annotate unknown words and useful expressions with a pen while reading documents written in foreign languages. Although such annotations include a great deal of linguistic knowledge that is required for future reading and writing, these annotations are seldom reused. We propose a system that generates Web-based content using the annotations collected from paper documents written in a foreign language. This system provides a paper-and-pen interface, which is acceptable to most of us. The generated content is specialized for language study, which helps us to internalize the linguistic knowledge in it. The experimental results with a prototype revealed that the system could detect most of the correct annotations with some failures. The system could also visualize the intellectual activity of individuals and a group.
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Naturally Menopausal Women with Various Durations of Premenarche, Reproductive Periods, and Postmenopausal Stages

Background. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) exhibits a higher incidence in women. Due to various ages at menarche and menopause, estrogen levels vary, which may account for the differences in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of female patients with PTC. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between various durations in different estrogen levels and PTC and to provide important information to guide clinical management and treatment of this disease. Methods. First, we selected naturally menopausal female study subjects diagnosed with PTC at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from 2007 to 2012 and then compared the differences in clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis among subjects with various lengths of premenarche, reproductive periods, and postmenopausal stages. Results. We found that all patients showed a significantly higher incidence of tumor multicentricity and intrathyroidal dissemination as the time after menopause increased. Additionally, women with shorter (<30) or longer (>38) reproductive lives had increased recurrence rates of PTC. Conclusions. In this study, we did not find any relationship of self-reported menarche and menopausal ages with the prognosis of PTC patients. More importantly, natural postmenopausal PTC patients with shorter or longer reproductive life, compared to the normal groups, had a higher rate of cancer recurrence and the patients with these characteristics could be recommended a more aggressive surgical treatment.
Mapping Security Requirements of Mobile Health Systems into Software Development Lifecycle

The shift to delivering mobile healthcare services is inevitable. However, finding effective ways to protect personal health information handled by these systems is still a challenging task even with the utilization of advanced technology and trained professionals. This is mainly due to the fact that the peripheral defense on the Internet and web-based applications do not handle the root causes of the application's vulnerabilities. This paper proposes a solution for enhancing security and personal privacy in mobile health (mHealth) systems through embedding security schemes into Software-Development Lifecycle (SDLC). The proposed solution, which encompasses various healthcare-specific security needs in mobile health systems, aims at ensuring a balance between personal privacy through making sure that patients have control over their own information from one side and information sharing that is necessary for integrated service delivery from the other side. This balance is achieved through handling security and privacy challenges through careful design and implementation of data protection mechanisms, cryptography, access control, and auditory that give patients and their health care professionals the right to control disclosures of identifiable health data.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling in bone remodeling: multifaceted roles and therapeutic potential

ABSTRACT Introduction: Sphingolipids belong to a complex class of lipid molecules that are crucially involved in the regulation of important biological processes including proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Given the significant progress made in understanding the sphingolipid pathobiology of several diseases, sphingolipid-related checkpoints emerge as attractive targets. Recent data indicate the multifaceted contribution of the sphingolipid machinery to osteoclast – osteoblast crosstalk, representing one of the pivotal interactions underlying bone homeostasis. Imbalances in the interplay of osteoblasts and osteoclasts might lead to bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and bone metastases. Areas covered: We summarize and analyze the progress made in bone research in the context of the current knowledge of sphingolipid-related mechanisms regulating bone remodeling. Particular emphasis was given to bioactive sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P receptors (S1PRs). Moreover, the mechanisms of how dysregulations of this machinery cause bone diseases, are covered. Expert opinion: In the context of bone diseases, pharmacological interference with sphingolipid machinery may lead to novel directions in therapeutic strategies. Implementation of knowledge derived from in vivo animal models and in vitro studies using pharmacological agents to manipulate the S1P/S1PRs axes suggests S1PR2 and S1PR3 as potential drug targets, particularly in conjunction with technology for local drug delivery.
Induction of Sporulation During Synchronized Chromosome Replication in Bacillus subtilis

Synchronous chromosome replication was obtained in a culture of Bacillus subtilis temperature-sensitive mutants growing in a rich medium. At intervals during this replication, samples of cells were transferred to a poor medium to induce sporulation. The results show that the capacity of B. subtilis for induced sporulation reaches a peak about 15 min after chromosome replication has begun. This capacity then declines rapidly, but can be restored by initiating a new round of deoxyribonucleic acid replication. The possibility is discussed that sporulation can be induced only when the chromosome replication fork is passing through a stage 0 operon and that this may be located in the cysA-sulR region of the chromosome.
The Effects of Fast-Paced Cartoons

Since its invention some 60 years ago, television has been maligned by many as being bad for children's brains. Accusations that it was a “boob tube” have existed almost as long as the medium itself, but they gained considerable traction with the advent of preschool programming in the 1970s when teachers reported that children began school with “five minute attention spans. ”1 Initial scientific inquiry failed to substantiate their concerns.2,3 In fact, early and consistent evidence has demonstrated educational benefits of high-quality preschool programming.4,5 However, the media landscape has evolved considerably since then. Although the typical child began watching television at 4 years of age in 1970 and consumed ∼3 to 4 hours/day, the typical child today begins watching at 4 months of age and is engaged with media for up to 8 hours/day.6,–,8 This has led some to distinguish between today's generation of children, the “digital natives,” because they have been immersed in media since birth, and their parents, who will remain “digital immigrants. ” However, the quantity of media consumed has been an unduly emphasized part of the story. It is not that quantity is unimportant, but the effects of media are mediated more by what is watched than how much is watched.9 Simply put, television is both good and bad: there are good programs and bad ones. And, what makes programs good or bad has to do not only with the content itself but with what in communications research are known as the formal features of that content. Some sequences are naturally paced … Address correspondence to Dimitri A. Christakis, MD, MPH, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, 2001 Eighth Ave, Seattle, WA 98121. E-mail: dachris{at}uw.edu
Sustainability of Tourism as Development Strategy for Cultural-Landscapes in China: Case study of Ping'an Village

This case study explores the challenges associated with tourism development in a village within China's Longji Rice Terrace Scenic Area. We employ Butler's (1980) Tourism Area Life Cycle model as a starting point for understanding the evolution and growth of tourism in this area and suggest that the prospect for sustainable tourism in the region remains uncertain and will depend on how scarce resources such as water and agricultural labor are managed. Drawing upon observations from site visits and interviews with local stakeholders in one village in the Scenic Area (SA), this case study identifies the various social, economic, and environmental variables that will shape tourism's future contribution to the area's economic and community development and landscape and cultural heritage preservation. Keywords: poverty alleviation; rural development; cultural landscape; China; sustainable development ----------------------------------------------------------- Resume Cette etude de cas explore les defis associes au developpement du tourisme dans un village dans la region de rizieres en terrasses panoramiques de Longji, en Chine. Nous employons le modele d'evolution des destinations touristiques de Butler (1980) comme point de depart pour comprendre l'evolution et l'augmentation du tourisme dans cette region et suggerons que la perspective d'un tourisme durable dans la region demeure incertaine et dependra de la maniere dont les ressources rares, telles que l'eau ou la main d'oeuvre agricole, sont gerees. A partir des observations faites sur le site et des entrevues avec des intervenants locaux dans un village de la Zone Panoramique (ZP ou SA en anglais), cette etude de cas identifie les variables sociales, economiques et environnementales qui faconneront les contributions futures du tourisme au developpement communautaire et local ainsi que la preservation du paysage et de l'heritage culturel.
A Wideband Differential BPF With Multiple Differential- and Common-Mode Transmission Zeros Using Cross-Shaped Resonator

Wideband differential bandpass filter (BPF) with multiple differential-mode (DM) and common-mode (CM) transmission zeros (TZs) is presented in this letter. This filter is designed based on Cross-Shaped Resonator (CSR) alone that is intrinsically attributed by three DM transmission poles (TPs), four DM TZs and one CM TZ. Adding loaded coupled structures, two extra DM and CM TZs are generated respectively. A prototype differential BPF centered at 3.5 GHz with 40% fractional bandwidth (FBW) is designed and experimentally characterized. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical and simulated results. Allocating three CM TZs in the DM passband, the suppression is better than 40 dB in average, and the maximum rejection is as high as 80 dB, while the DM passband is sharpened by two extra DM TZs.
Local Banks Efficiency and Employment

This work analyses the links between credit and labour markets highlighting the influence of credit market inefficiencies on employment. We argue that if banks are not efficient in monitoring the borrowers in the presence of asymmetric information, credit market imperfections have real effects. We estimate dynamic equations using system generalized method of moments (GMM) for bank loans and employment on panel data for Italian firms. The system GMM estimates indicate that the impact of credit market on employment is higher where the local financial market is less developed, asymmetric information is widespread, bank managers are less efficient in assessing the firms' solvency and do not use appropriate methods to evaluate the borrowers' payback capacity. Copyright 2008 The Authors. Journal compilation 2008 CEIS, Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
A new approach to separate seismic time-lapse time shifts in the reservoir and overburden

ABSTRACTFor a robust way of estimating time shifts near horizontal boreholes, we have developed a method for separating the reflection responses above and below a horizontal borehole. Together with the surface reflection data, the method uses the direct arrivals from borehole data in the Marchenko method. The first step is to retrieve the focusing functions and the up-down wavefields at the borehole level using an iterative Marchenko scheme. The second step is to solve two linear equations using a least-squares minimizing method for the two desired reflection responses. Then, the time shifts that are directly linked to the changes on either side of the borehole are calculated using a standard crosscorrelation technique. The method is applied with good results to synthetic 2D pressure data from the North Sea. One example uses purely artificial velocity changes (negative above the borehole and positive below), and the other example uses more realistic changes based on well logs. In the 2D case with an adequ.
Early versus Delayed Stabilization of Femoral Fractures: A Prospective Randomized Study

Lawrence B. Bone (Fig 1), the author of this classic paper currently serves as Chairman and Program Director of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at the State University of New York Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. Born and raised in western New York in the family of a rural general surgeon he also earned his MD there. He took a general surgical residency at the same institution during which time general surgeons routinely took Trauma Call. As a result he gained wide experience in the treatment of fractures. This experience led to further training as an AO Fellow in Davos, Switzerland and eventually to an orthopaedic residency in Dallas, Texas at Southwestern and Parkland hospitals. During all of this Dr. Bone came to recognize that the then current wisdom of treating femur fractures with weeks of skeletal traction did not preclude shock lung, fat embolism, and adult respiratory distress syndrome. He observed that patients did better when they had their femoral fractures treated with prompt reduction and intramedullary fixation performed atraumatically with percutaneous techniques. In this paper Dr. Bone documents the importance of this type of treatment in a prospective study. In 46 multiply injured patients with femoral fractures treated with prompt internal fixation, 16 pulmonary complications occurred. In 37 such patients treated with prolonged skeletal traction there were 50 complications. Other parameters such as length of stay, blood gas values, and total cost supported his conclusion: The overwhelming recommendation is that early stabilization of long bone fractures should be performed in multiply injured patients. Dr. Bone's paper contrasts starkly with that of Dr. A. H. Stephens published in 1837. Dr. Stephen's femur fracture patient upon whom A bank of earth had fallen burying him beneath had treatment with prompt venesection with removal of blood followed by medication with ammonia and camphor and arrow-root with brandy. The limb was smeared with balsam of Peru, covered with a yeast poultice and wrapped in cotton. Several days later the leg was amputated. Death, amputation, and deformity routinely followed femoral shaft fractures in the era that preceded the rise of modern medicine and Dr. Bone's seminal paper documents scientifically a major step in the evolution of trauma surgery.
A pilot study of botulinum toxin A for male chronic pelvic pain syndrome

Abstract Objective. Male chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) has been the subject of numerous clinical trials, but so far, no uniformly effective treatment has been identified. A commonly reported tender spot in men with CPPS is the bulbospongiosus muscle. A randomized placebo controlled pilot trial of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection into the perineal skeletal musculature for the treatment CPPS was conducted. Material and methods. Twenty-nine men with CPPS were identified from a urology clinic. Symptom evaluation was performed using a Global Response Assessment (GRA) and the Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (CPSI). All subjects were randomized to receive either BTX-A 100 U or normal saline injected into the perineal body and bulbospongiosus muscle. Results. BTX-A injection was administered in 13 men. At the 1 month follow-up there was a 30% response rate for BTX-A treatment compared with 13% for placebo (p = 0.0002), based on GRA results. Total CPSI score did not reach significance in the BTX-A-treated group, compared with controls. The CPSI pain subdomain score reached statistical significance in the BTX-A patients compared with controls (p = 0.05). The injections were well tolerated. There were no complications from the injections and no patients reported side-effects. Conclusions. BTX-A injection into the perineal body and bulbospongiosus muscle results in a modest response rate on the GRA compared with placebo for overall symptoms associated with CPPS. The treatment is well tolerated and safe. BTX-A use may enhance polytherapeutic pain management.
The Cyclical Relationships Between South Africa's Net Capital Inflows and Fiscal and Monetary Policies

This paper investigates the cyclical relationships between South Africa's post-liberalization net capital inflows and fiscal and monetary policies. Correlation analysis shows that the bulk of South Africa's capital inflows do not have a significant cyclical relationship with fiscal policy but have a procyclical and reactive cyclical relationship with monetary policy. Furthermore, causality analysis finds that fiscal policy reacts to monetary policy and capital flows, whereas capital flows react to monetary policy. Hence, these results suggest that South Africa's policymakers are in a better position to control the country's capital inflows using monetary policy than using fiscal policy.
Tourism And Politics: Policy, Power And Place

The Politics of Tourism Tourism, Government and the State: Tourism and the Policy-Making Process International Tourism Policy and International Relations The Implications of Revolution, Terrorism and Political Violence for Tourism Tourism and the Local State: Development, Tourism, Culture and the Presentation of Social Reality Situating Tourism in Capitalist Society: Towards an Understanding of Tourism Politics, Policy and Place.