Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward a Deeper Understanding of the Genetics of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a common, complex psychiatric disorder characterized by mania and depression. The disease aggregates in families, but despite much effort, it has been difficult to delineate the basic genetic model or identify specific genetic risk factors. Not only single gene Mendelian transmission and common variant hypotheses but also multivariate threshold models and oligogenic quasi-Mendelian modes of inheritance have dominated the discussion at times. Almost complete sequence information of the human genome and falling sequencing costs now offer the opportunity to test these models in families in which the disorder is transmitted over several generations. Exome-wide sequencing studies have revealed an astonishing number of rare and potentially damaging mutations in brain-expressed genes that could have contributed to the disease manifestation. However, the statistical analysis of these data has been challenging, because genetic risk factors displayed a high degree of dissimilarity across families. This scenario is not unique to bipolar disorder, but similar results have also been found in schizophrenia, a potentially related psychiatric disorder. Recently, our group has published data which supported an oligogenic genetic model of transmission in a family with bipolar disorder. In this family, three affected siblings shared rare, damaging mutations in multiple genes, which were linked to stress response pathways. These pathways are also the target for drugs frequently used to treat bipolar disorder. This article discusses these findings in the context of previously proclaimed disease models and suggests future research directions, including biological confirmation and phenotype stratification as an approach to disease heterogeneity.
Keeping sums under control

In a recent paper [31], I presented with Marcelo Fiore and Roberto Di Cosmo a new normalisation tool for the -calculus with sum types, based on the technique of normalisation by evaluation, and more precisely on techniques developped by Olivier Danvy for partial evaluation, using control operators. The main characteristic of this tool is that it produces a result in a canonical form we introduced. That is to say: two -equivalent terms will be normalised into (almost) identical terms. It was not the case with the traditional algorithm, which could even lead to an explosion of the size of code. This canonical form is an -long -normal form with constraints, which capture the denition of -long normal form for the -calculus without sums, and reduces drastically the -conversion possibilities for sums. The present paper recall the denition of these normal forms and the normalisation algorithm, and shows how it is possible to use these tools to solve a problem of characterization of type isomorphisms. Indeed, the canonical form allowed to nd the complicated counterexamples we exhibited in another work [6], that proves that type isomorphisms in the -calculus with sums are not nitely axiomatisable. What’s more, when proving that these terms are isomorphisms, the new partial evaluation algorithm avoids an explosion of the size of the term that arises with the old one.
Assessing the Efficacy of the SWAT Auto-Irrigation Function to Simulate Irrigation, Evapotranspiration, and Crop Response to Management Strategies of the Texas High Plains

In the semi-arid Texas High Plains, the underlying Ogallala Aquifer is experiencing continuing decline due to long-term pumping for irrigation with limited recharge. Accurate simulation of irrigation and other associated water balance components are critical for meaningful evaluation of the effects of irrigation management strategies. Modelers often employ auto-irrigation functions within models such as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). However, some studies have raised concerns as to whether the function is able to adequately simulate representative irrigation practices. In this study, observations of climate, irrigation, evapotranspiration (ET), leaf area index (LAI), and crop yield derived from an irrigated lysimeter field at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory at Bushland, Texas were used to evaluate the efficacy of the SWAT auto-irrigation functions. Results indicated good agreement between simulated and observed daily ET during both model calibration (2001–2005) and validation (2006–2010) periods for the baseline scenario (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency; NSE ≥ 0.80). The auto-irrigation scenarios resulted in reasonable ET simulations under all the thresholds of soil water deficit (SWD) triggers as indicated by NSE values > 0.5. However, the auto-irrigation function did not adequately represent field practices, due to the continuation of irrigation after crop maturity and excessive irrigation when SWD triggers were less than the static irrigation amount.
Clustering temporal gene expression data with unequal time intervals

We have focused on the problem of clustering time-series gene expression data. We present a novel algorithm for clustering gene temporal expression profile microarray data, which is fairly simple but powerful enough to find an efficient distribution of genes over clusters. Using a variant of a clustering index can effectively decide upon the optimal number of clusters for a given dataset. The clustering method is based on a profile-alignment approach, which we propose and that minimizes the (square) area between two aligned vector profiles, to hierarchically cluster microarray time series data. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated on two well-known, yeast and serum.
Deconstructing the Effects of Flow on DOC, Nitrate, and Major Ion Interactions Using a High‐Frequency Aquatic Sensor Network

Streams provide a physical linkage between land and downstream river networks, delivering solutes derived from multiple catchment sources. We analyzed high‐frequency time series of stream solutes to characterize the timing and magnitude of major ion, nutrient, and organic matter transport over event, seasonal, and annual timescales as well as to assess whether nitrate ( NO3− ) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) transport are coupled in catchments, which would be expected if they are subject to similar biogeochemical controls throughout the watershed. Our data set includes in situ observations of NO3− , fluorescent dissolved organic matter (DOC proxy), and specific conductance spanning 2–4 years in 10 streams and rivers across New Hampshire, including observations of nearly 700 individual hydrologic events. We found a positive response of NO3− and DOC to flow in forested streams, but watershed development led to a negative relationship between NO3− and discharge, and thus a decoupling of the overall NO3− and DOC responses to flow. On event and seasonal timescales, NO3− and DOC consistently displayed different behaviors. For example, in several streams, FDOM yield was greatest during summer storms while NO3− yield was greatest during winter storms. Most streams had generalizable storm NO3− and DOC responses, but differences in the timing of NO3− and DOC transport suggest different catchment sources. Further, certain events, including rain‐on‐snow and summer storms following dry antecedent conditions, yielded disproportionate NO3− responses. High‐frequency data allow for increased understanding of the processes controlling solute variability and will help reveal their responses to changing climatic regimes.
Supporting VNF chains: an implementation using Segment Routing and PCEP

—The paradigm of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) requires the underlying networks to be able to route trafﬁc through dynamically deployed nodes. The research presented here demonstrates the feasibility of using segment routing (SR), a modern incarnation of the source routing paradigm, and suitable SDN controllers to accomplish the trafﬁc steering goal. Speciﬁ-cally, we focused on IPv4 SR and built a proof of concept SR-MPLS network using Juniper vQFX routers with custom VNFs. The Juniper NorthStar SDN controller was used to build SR-MPLS LSPs via the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP). We validated the operation of our proof of concept in two scenarios: VNFs reinstantiation and service chain creation and support. In both cases trafﬁc can be successfully steered through the functions, hence demonstrating for the ﬁrst time the feasibility of adoption of the proposed technologies.
Origin of the 2016 QBO Disruption and Its Relationship to Extreme El Niño Events

The descent of the westerly phase of the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) in equatorial stratospheric zonal wind was interrupted by the development of easterlies near 40 hPa (~23 km altitude) in early 2016. We use tropical meteorological analyses of wind and temperature to describe in detail the special circumstances by which equatorward‐propagating planetary waves produced this unprecedented disruption in the QBO. Our findings show that the subtropical easterly jet in the winter lower stratosphere during the 2015–2016 winter was anomalously weak owing to (1) the timing of the QBO relative to the annual cycle and (2) an extreme El Niño event. The weak jet allowed an unusually large flux of westward momentum to propagate from the extratropical Northern Hemisphere to the equator near the 40 hPa level. Consequently, the QBO westerlies at that level experienced sustained easterly acceleration from extratropical wave breaking, leading to the observed wind reversal.
Implementation of Different Function Units Using Flexible and Reconfigurable Architecture

With the multidigital era approaching, multimedia has shown up and become more and more demand in present lives; based on this reason, the status of hardware resource is insufficient as well as the function of a chip is out of request such as PDA, mobile phone, and multimedia products. Hence, this paper presents Two-Dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (2D-DCT) and Two- Dimensional Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform (2D-IDCT) as reconfigurable function, that is to say both of them are considered to be quite important decoder and encoder in the field of image processing, and extensively being applied for every aspect like H.261, MPEG, JPEG and HDTV. Also, using the flexibility of reconfigurable architecture can implement DCT and IDCT’s design as well as increase utility rate of hardware resource to retrieve the insufficient part of hardware resource and get further rise up the performance.
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors are activated by exposure of a cryptic tethered agonist

Significance Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate tissue development and cancer progression. Intact adhesion GPCRs are unique two-protomer receptors that undergo biosynthetic self-proteolyzation at a conserved site between the extracellular domain and the seven transmembrane (7TM) domain. We demonstrate the activation mechanism of adhesion GPCRs. The 7TM domain N-terminal stalk lies encrypted within the noncovalently bound extracellular domain. When the extracellular domain is dissociated, perhaps naturally by ligand action, the 7TM stalk is revealed. We demonstrate that the stalk acts as a tethered agonist of the 7TM to facilitate direct activation of heterotrimeric G proteins. Synthetic peptides comprising adhesion GPCR 7TM domain stalks are sufficient receptor agonists, raising the possibility for the development of adhesion GPCR synthetic peptide modulators. The large class of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) bind extracellular matrix or neighboring cell-surface ligands to regulate organ and tissue development through an unknown activation mechanism. We examined aGPCR activation using two prototypical aGPCRs, GPR56 and GPR110. Active dissociation of the noncovalently bound GPR56 or GPR110 extracellular domains (ECDs) from the respective seven-transmembrane (7TM) domains relieved an inhibitory influence and permitted both receptors to activate defined G protein subtypes. After ECD displacement, the newly revealed short N-terminal stalk regions of the 7TM domains were found to be essential for G protein activation. Synthetic peptides comprising these stalks potently activated GPR56 or GPR110 in vitro or in cells, demonstrating that the stalks comprise a tethered agonist that was encrypted within the ECD. Establishment of an aGPCR activation mechanism provides a rational platform for the development of aGPCR synthetic modulators that could find clinical utility toward aGPCR-directed disease.
Anycast Anónimo Basado en Firmas de Grupo

Presentamos en este articulo un esquema criptografico para la implementacion de grupos Anycast dentro de un sistema de enrutamiento anonimo con n miembros, que ya cuente con una llave publica por cada uno de ellos y una llave simetrica compartida por cada pareja de los mismos. Nuestro esquema permite la comprobacion de la recepcion por cualquiera de los destinatarios legitimos de un mensaje y la emision de recibos firmados digitalmente al emisor sin necesidad de generar llaves de firmado para cada uno de los 2 ^n posibles grupos Anycast en la red. En total se usaran n llaves asimetricas para firmas de los recibos y (n(n-1))/2 llaves simetricas para proteger las comunicaciones entre miembros. Dentro de las principales caracteristicas de nuestro sistema se encuentran: i) El balanceo de cargas en redes anonimas, mientras se protege a los generadores de las peticiones de ataques de spoofing por parte de impostores. ii) Obligar a los usuarios a utilizar el sistema de balanceo de cargas, al estos no tener acceso a las direcciones de la red, pero si a las llaves de firmado, con lo cual un atacante debe realizar un ataque a escala global de la red para atacar a un grupo Anycast especifico. Posibles aplicaciones del sistema incluyen tolerancia a fallas en servicios de nombres y replicacion de datos.
Regulation of Autophagosome–Lysosome Fusion by Human Viral Infections

Autophagy plays a fundamental role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by eliminating intracellular components via lysosomes. Successful degradation through autophagy relies on the fusion of autophagosomes to lysosomes, which leads to the formation of autolysosomes containing acidic proteases that degrade the sequestered materials. Viral infections can exploit autophagy in infected cells to balance virus–host cell interactions by degrading the invading virus or promoting viral growth. In recent years, cumulative studies have indicated that viral infections may interfere with the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes, thus benefiting viral replication and associated pathogenesis. In this review, I provide an overview of the current understanding of the molecular mechanism by which human viral infections deregulate autophagosome–lysosome fusion and summarize the physiological significance in the virus life cycle and host cell damage.
Performance evaluation of Abrupt motion trackers

Abrupt motion tracking has gained special attention in visual tracking community in the past several years. However, the growing interest has not been accompanied by the development of criteria to evaluate the performance of different tracking algorithms. In this paper, we introduce an evaluation criterion for abrupt motion trackers. This criterion contains a set of trials that test the robustness of trackers on a variety of abrupt motions induced by different realworld conditions. Moreover, a new evaluation measure - Abrupt Capture Rate (ACR) is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of different trackers. We demonstrate the effectiveness and validation of the proposed evaluation criteria experimentally on several trackers.
Phytoestrogens: Recent Developments

Phytoestrogens are polyphenolic non-steroidal plant compounds with estrogen-like biological activity. Based on their chemical structure, phytoestrogens can be classified into four main groups, i. e. , isoflavonoids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and lignans. For each group, the chemistry, dietary sources and biotransformation of the most interesting compounds will be discussed. Since phytoestrogens are structurally very similar to the estrogen 17beta-estradiol, they may exhibit selective estrogen receptor modulating activities. Therefore, special attention will be given to the hormonal effects of various isoflavonoids, including genistein, daidzein, coumestrol and equol, several prenylated flavonoids, especially 8-prenylnaringenin, and the stilbene resveratrol. Furthermore, their non-hormonal effects will be discussed briefly. Finally, the latest developments on the potential protective properties of phytoestrogens and phytoestrogen-containing foods against hormone-dependent breast and prostate cancers and cardiovascular diseases, and as estrogen replacement therapy for postmenopausal women will be discussed.
Strategies in sentential reasoning

Four experiments examined the strategies that individuals develop in sentential reasoning. They led to the discovery of five different strategies. According to the theory proposed in the paper, each of the strategies depends on component tactics, which all normal adults possess, and which are based on mental models. Reasoners vary their use of tactics in ways that have no deterministic account. This variation leads different individuals to assemble different strategies, which include the construction of incremental diagrams corresponding to mental models, and the pursuit of the consequences of a single model step by step. Moreover, the difficulty of a problem (i.e., the number of mental models required by the premises) predisposes reasoners towards certain strategies. Likewise, the sentential connectives in the premises also bias reasoners towards certain strategies, e.g., conditional premises tend to elicit reasoning step by step whereas disjunctive premises tend to elicit incremental diagrams.
Modeling and characterization of a MEMS synchronous generator

This paper addresses the modeling of a three-phase electromagnetic MEMS generator. First, the differential non-linear equations that govern the electrical and mechanical dynamics are derived. An existing device is taken as a case study, and different strategies (analytical calculation, FE analysis or direct measurement) are used in order to obtain its characteristic parameters, which are then introduced into the model. Finally, the system is simulated under different operating conditions, and the results are compared to the measurements. The experimental data are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions (discrepancy below 6%).
Polarization in Gamma-Ray Bursts Produced by Pinch Discharge

Large-voltage, high-temperature plasma columns produced by pinch discharge can generate γ-ray flashes with energy spectra and spectral evolution consistent with what are observed in γ-ray bursts (GRBs), and the inverse Compton scattering (ICS) during the discharge process can produce high linear polarization. Our calculation indicates that the observed polarization depends on the angle between the line-of-sight to the GRB and the direction of the pinch discharge, but only weakly depends on observed γ-ray energy.
Outlier detection in share index based on data mining

Outliers detection has wide application for financial surveillance. The Traditional outlier detection method is based on statistical models, such as ARMA, ARCH and GARCH, which require special hypotheses, and they are inappropriate to apply to complex financial data, such as high frequency data. This paper introduces a new data mining method to detect outliers for analysis of share index fluctuation. Based on the Voronoi diagram, we propose a novel outlier detection method, which called Voronoi based Outlier Detection (VOD). Experiments show the VOD method performs more efficient and effective against the existing method in outlier detection for financial data.
The early field defects in glaucoma.

the visual field. We cannot rule out glaucoma by testing a predetermined or specific area in the visual field. A complete examination of the visual field is best performed by using both static and kinetic perimetry together. This seems to constitute the best means of modern quantitative perimetry. Scatter of test points can be controlled only by careful attention to numerous details involving physical, pharmacological, physiological, and psychological factors, the "chaff" which must be differentiatied from the "wheat"—the pathological patterns to be delineated in testing the visual field. The factors causing scatter also influence the reproducibility of a given visual field from one date to another, as do the refractive media, pupil size, mental status, and choice of data points.
Spatial and temporal distribution of ichthyoplankton during an unusual period of low flow in a tributary of the São Francisco River, Brazil

Flow‐dependent fish specialists require specific conditions for reproduction, so the success and reproductive intensity of these animals are determined by the flood regime. Thus, this study investigated the spatial and temporal reproductive patterns of fish, especially migratory Prochilodus species (flow‐dependent specialists) in an unusual period of low flow in the Pará River sub‐basin, one of the main tributaries of the upper São Francisco River. For this, ichthyoplankton collections were carried out between November 2013 and February 2014. Data were analysed considering the spatial and temporal variations in density of eggs and larvae for the upper, middle, and lower portions of the Pará River sub‐basin, and correlating this to some environmental variables. The results showed that the small headwater stretch of the Pará River is one relevant spawning area for migratory fish species. However, this area is isolated by the Cajuru reservoir, which makes it uncertain the recruitment of these embryos, due to interruption of natural drift between spawning/nursery areas caused for reservoirs. Larvae of newly hatched migratory species found in tributaries of the lower Pará River sub‐basin also indicate these species use these tributaries as spawning grounds and migratory routes. The period in which the research was conducted represented the most atypical low flow, one in the last 75 years, resulting in the low variability in the environmental parameters. Although few parameters increased briefly in this low flow period influenced by greater rainfall in December, this precipitation was possibly responsible for the final gonadal maturation and spawning of migratory species.