Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurship education: a need for reflection, real-world experience and action

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of common undergraduate entrepreneurship classroom activities on students’ motivational processes related to entrepreneurial careers. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 700 undergraduate students from a variety of majors at a large midwestern university in the USA were invited to take a web-based survey. They were asked to indicate which experiential activities they would participate/were participating in as part of their program. Findings – The findings show that students’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) is a driving force in classroom activities enhancing students’ intentions. However, the authors also found that the type of classroom activities that are common in entrepreneurship education negatively impact students’ ESE. Research limitations/implications – The generalizability is limited to the US region and the link from intention to behavior goes untested, but results strongly supported the adoption of social cognitive career theo.
3rd international workshop on affective interaction in natural environments (AFFINE)

The 3rd International Workshop on Affective Interaction in Natural Environments, AFFINE, follows a number of successful AFFINE workshops and events commencing in 2008.A key aim of AFFINE is the identification and investigation of significant open issues in real-time, affect-aware applications 'in the wild' and especially in embodied interaction, for example, with robots or virtual agents. AFFINE seeks to bring together researchers working on the real-time interpretation of user behaviour with those who are concerned with social robot and virtual agent interaction frameworks.
Can Task-Switching Training Enhance Executive Control Functioning in Children with Attention Deficit/-Hyperactivity Disorder?

The key cognitive impairments of children with attention deficit/-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) include executive control functions such as inhibitory control, task-switching, and working memory (WM). In this training study we examined whether task-switching training leads to improvements in these functions. Twenty children with combined type ADHD and stable methylphenidate medication performed a single-task and a task-switching training in a crossover training design. The children were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group started with the single-task training and then performed the task-switching training and the other group vice versa. The effectiveness of the task-switching training was measured as performance improvements (relative to the single-task training) on a structurally similar but new switching task and on other executive control tasks measuring inhibitory control and verbal WM as well as on fluid intelligence (reasoning). The children in both groups showed improvements in task-switching, that is, a reduction of switching costs, but not in performing the single-tasks across four training sessions. Moreover, the task-switching training lead to selective enhancements in task-switching performance, that is, the reduction of task-switching costs was found to be larger after task-switching than after single-task training. Similar selective improvements were observed for inhibitory control and verbal WM, but not for reasoning. Results of this study suggest that task-switching training is an effective cognitive intervention that helps to enhance executive control functioning in children with ADHD.
Neurophysiologische Grundlagen und klinische Wertigkeit der postiktualen Serum-Prolaktinbestimmung bei epileptischen Anfällen

Abstract Measurement of postictal serum-prolactin concentrations in epileptic seizures in order to distinguish them from psychogenic seizures is at present used only rarely and non-systematically. Studies of 209 Grand mal seizures, 232 complex-partial seizures, 102 simple-partial seizures and 15 generalized seizures published between 1980 and 1987 differ in their standards of seizure classification as well as in their criteria for evaluating increases in postictal serum-prolactin concentrations. A significant rise was seen in 88% of Grand mal seizures, 78% of complex-partial seizures, 22% of simple-partial seizures and 6% of generalized seizures. The discussion of both these general findings and our own investigations is based on the presentation of neuroanatomical and neurophysiological principles of prolactin secretion.
Risk Stratification for Postoperative Cardiovascular Events via Noninvasive Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Prospective Study

Background—Brachial artery endothelial function is impaired in individuals with atherosclerosis and coronary risk factors and improves with risk reduction therapy. However, the predictive value of brachial artery endothelial dysfunction for future cardiovascular events is unknown. Methods and Results—We preoperatively examined brachial artery vasodilation using ultrasound in 187 patients undergoing vascular surgery. Patients were prospectively followed for 30 days after surgery. Forty-five patients had a postoperative event, including cardiac death (3), myocardial infarction (12), unstable angina/ischemic ventricular fibrillation (2), stroke (3), or elevated troponin I, reflecting myocardial necrosis (25). Preoperative endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation was significantly lower in patients with an event (4.9±3.1%) than in those without an event (7.3±5%;P <0.001), whereas endothelium-independent vasodilation to nitroglycerin was similar in both groups. In a Cox proportional-hazards model, the independent predictors of events were age (P =0.001), renal insufficiency (P =0.03), noncarotid surgery (P =0.05), and lower brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (P =0.007). If troponin I elevation was not considered an event, low flow-mediated dilation remained an independent predictor of risk (odds ratio 9.0, 95% CI 1.2 to 68;P =0.03). When a flow-mediated dilation cutpoint of 8.1% was used, endothelial function had a sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 37%, and negative predictive value of 98% for events. Conclusions—Impaired brachial artery endothelial function independently predicts postoperative cardiac events, which supports a role for endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The strong negative predictive value of preserved endothelial function raises the possibility that assessment of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation will be useful in the management of patients undergoing vascular surgery.
Career anchors of United States Air Force information systems workers: a turnover predictor?

Companies throughout the world have been challenged by poor retention and high turnover of their information systems (IS) employees. The United States Air Force (USAF) has experienced the same trend in its IS workforce. This study measured the career anchors, job satisfaction, and turnover intention of USAF IS workers (n = 2,724) to determine if those whose job type and career anchor matched reported higher satisfaction and lower turnover intention than those whose job type and career anchor did not match. Results suggest that USAF IS workers are significantly different than civilian IS workers in what they consider important in a career. Specifically, USAF IS workers appear to place an overriding importance on job security, service, and life-style factors, but do exhibit underlying technical and managerial anchors as was discovered through an analysis of "relative anchors". Finally, results suggest that job type and career anchor compatibility alone may not be an adequate predictor of job satisfaction or turnover intention.
A Discrete Duality Finite Volume Approach to Hodge Decomposition and div-curl Problems on Almost Arbitrary Two-Dimensional Meshes

We define discrete differential operators such as gradient, divergence, and curl, on general two-dimensional nonorthogonal meshes. These discrete operators verify discrete analogues of usual continuous theorems: discrete Green formulae, discrete Hodge decomposition of vector fields, and vector curls have a vanishing divergence and gradients have a vanishing curl. We apply these ideas to discretize div-curl systems. We give error estimates based on the reformulation of these systems into equivalent equations for the potentials. Numerical results illustrate the use of the method on several types of meshes, some of which are degenerating triangular meshes and nonconforming locally refined meshes.
Proof of Ira Gessel's lattice path conjecture

We present a computer-aided, yet fully rigorous, proof of Ira Gessel's tantalizingly simply stated conjecture that the number of ways of walking 2n steps in the region x + y ≥ 0,y ≥ 0 of the square lattice with unit steps in the east, west, north, and south directions, that start and end at the origin, equals 16n(5/6)n(1/2)n(5/3)n(2)n.
The Social & Organizational Context of Management Accounting

This book explores the influence of other disciplines - particularly philosophy, sociology, systems analysis and organizational psychology - on the subject of management accounting. Topics covered include: the nature of traditional management accounting practice and textbook knowledge; radical/critical approaches, mostly drawing on Marx; recent post-structuralist trends, including Foucalt and Derrida; and a comparative summary of these approaches.
[Characteristics of cellular immunity in children with acute viral hepatitis A].

AIM To study the populational composition of lymphocytes and the specific features of production of cytokines in children with acute viral hepatitis A (AVHA). MATERIALS AND METHODS 128 patients aged 11 to 14 years who had AVHA, moderate AVHA being in 83.5% were examined. In 87.2% of the children, the disease was cyclic. The etiology of the disease was verified by simultaneously detecting anti-HAV IgM (enzyme immunoassay) and by the presence of HAV RNA (polymerase chain reaction) in the blood. Peripheral lymphocytes (CD) were phenotypes in the indirect immunofluorescence test using monoclonal antibodies; cytokines were determined by the enzyme immunoassay; serum beta 2-microglobulin was done by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS The children with AVHA were found to have elevated levels of tumor necrosis beta-factor, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and IL-4 in the icteric period, as well as a decrease in their levels at convalescence. IL-6 was detected in individual patients only in the first 3 days of the icteric period. The peak of AVHA was characterized by relative lymphocytosis, by decreases in the counts of T helper/inductor cells and natural killer cells, by increases in the count of CD25 cells, convalescence, by preserved lymphocytosis, by the increased levels of T lymphocytes that carry the markers CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD25, and CD95, and by higher toxicity of beta 2-microglobulin.
Influence of Routing Protocols in Performance of Wireless Mobile Adhoc Network

An ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a temporary network without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. A number of routing protocols such as Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad Hoc on-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) and Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV) have been implemented. In this paper, an attempt has been made to compare the performance of two prominent on-demand reactive routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks: DSR and AODV, along with the traditional proactive DSDV protocol. A simulation model with Media Access Control (MAC) and physical layer models are used to study interlayer interactions and their performance implications. The On-demand protocols, AODV and DSR perform better than table-driven DSDV protocol. Although DSR and AODV share similar on-demand behavior, the differences in the protocol mechanism can lead to measurable amount of variation in performance. A variety of workload are characterized by mobility, load and size of the ad hoc network in a given scenario were simulated which helped to analyze the performance. The main reason for degradation in performance as a result of node mobility is due to traffic control overhead required for maintaining accurate routing tables in case of table-driven protocols and maintaining routes in on-demand protocols [1]. We quantify the effect of node mobility and message length on the Bit Error Rate (BER) of an average multi-hop route using a recently developed communication-theoretic framework for adhoc wireless network [2]. We study the network performance such as throughput, delivery ratio, and end-to-end delay when position-based routing is used. Also node mobility and position error affect the performance. The variation in performance differentials are analyzed by use of varying simulation time. These simulations are carried out using NS-2 simulator. The results presented in this work illustrate the importance in carefully evaluating and implementing routing protocols in an ad hoc environment.
Validation of a structured interview for the assessment of diabetes self-management.

OBJECTIVE The authors developed and validated a semi-structured interview; the Diabetes Self-Management Profile (DSMP), to measure self-management of type 1 diabetes. The DSMP includes the following regimen components: exercise, management of hypoglycemia, diet, blood glucose testing, and insulin administration and dose adjustment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Families of youths with type 1 diabetes (n = 105) who were entering a controlled trial of intensive therapy (IT) versus usual care (UC) were administered the DSMP Analyses assessed the reliability and validity of the DSMP, including its associations with HbA1c and quality of life. RESULTS The DSMP total score has adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.76), 3-month test-retest reliability (Pearson correlation, r = 0.67), inter-interviewer agreement (r = 0.94), and parent-adolescent agreement (r = 0.61). DSMP total scores (r = -0.28) and 3 subscales correlated significantly with HbA1c (diet [r = -0.27], blood glucose testing [r = -0.37], and insulin administration and dose adjustment [r = -0.25 ]). Adolescents' reports of self-management did not differ from parental reports. Higher DSMP scores were associated with more favorable quality of life for mothers and youths. CONCLUSIONS The DSMP is a convenient measure that yields a reliable and valid assessment of diabetes self-management. Compared with extant similar measures, the DSMP is more strongly correlated with HbA1c.
Group Psychotherapy as the Treatment of Choice for Individuals Who Grew Up with Alcoholic Parents

This article focuses on reasons why group psychotherapy is the treatment of choice for individuals who have grown up with alcoholic parents. Yalom's model of group psychotherapy is presented as the preferred choice of treatment because it provides the best systematic description for examiniig the dysfunctional (codependent) styles of the individual members in the here and now of the groups. However, since Yalom's model focuses primarily on the external manifestations of a person's interpersonal conflicts, evidence is presented why the group leader needs to also view the interactions between the group members from an object relations perspective. Balancing both perspectives will allow the group leader to better understand the group member's external interpersonal difficulties and their internal conflicts and distortions.
The C Terminal Tail of the Histamine H2 Receptor Contains Positive and Negative Signals Important for Signal Transduction and Receptor Down‐Regulation

Abstract: To examine the role of the C terminal tail in H2 receptor regulation, three cDNAs, encoding truncated histamine H2 receptor mutants (H2T295, H2T307, and H2T341), were constructed and stably transfected in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The amino acids before position 307 appear to be necessary for proper receptor transport or folding, as no detectable H2 receptor binding of the H2T295 was observed after transfection. Truncation of the C terminal tail by 51 amino acids (H2T307) did not affect the binding properties of H2 antagonists and histamine or histamine‐induced signaling. Yet, removal of 17 amino acids generated a mutant receptor (H2T341), which was able to form a ternary complex but was unable to fully activate the Gs protein on histamine exposure. Agonist‐induced but not the cyclic AMP‐dependent H2 receptor down‐regulation was more profound for the H2T307 receptor, indicating that different structural elements of the H2 receptor protein are involved in the cyclic AMP‐dependent and independent pathways of H2 receptor down‐regulation. Taken together, in this study we identified regions in the C terminal tail of the H2 receptor that act as positive and/or negative signals in H2 receptor signaling and down‐regulation.
On the Use of Non-Stationary Policies for Stationary Infinite-Horizon Markov Decision Processes

We consider infinite-horizon stationary γ-discounted Markov Decision Processes, for which it is known that there exists a stationary optimal policy. Using Value and Policy Iteration with some error e at each iteration, it is well-known that one can compute stationary policies that are 2γ/(1 - γ)2 e-optimal. After arguing that this guarantee is tight, we develop variations of Value and Policy Iteration for computing non-stationary policies that can be up to 2γ/1-γ e-optimal, which constitutes a significant improvement in the usual situation when γ is close to 1. Surprisingly, this shows that the problem of "computing near-optimal non-stationary policies" is much simpler than that of "computing near-optimal stationary policies".
Behind the Gates: Life, Security, and the Pursuit of Happiness in Fortress America

Preface Prologue 1. Arriving at the Gates 2. Protecting the Children 3. Recreating the Past 4. Searching for the Perfect Community 5. Urban Fear 6. Retirement and Taxes 7. Leaving the Gates Behind 8. Unlocking the Gated Community Bibliography Appendix: Residential History Interview Schedule
The Effect of Intergroup Contact on Attitudes Toward the Role of Women in the Army

Abstract : This paper describes a secondary analysis of data collected by the Army Research Institute (ARI) on the performance of male and female soldiers during an 11-day field training exercise (FTX). The purpose of the present research was to investigate the relationship of intergroup contact (specifically, the proportion of women in a work group and the size of the work group) to attitudes toward women in the Army. At the conclusion of the 11-day field training exercise, male and female enlisted personnel completed a questionnaire which contained a scale designed to measure attitudes toward the role of women in the Army. An analysis of variance revealed that the proportion of women in the work group was significantly related to male attitudes, with attitudes becoming less positive as the proportion of women in the work group increased. The size of the work group was unrelated to the attitude scale scores of either make or female subjects. The implications of the findings for the enhanced utilization of women in the Army are discussed.
Exploiting equivalence reduction and the sweep-line method for detecting terminal states

State-space exploration is one of the main approaches to computer-aided verification and analysis of finite-state systems. It is used to reason about a wide range of properties during the design phase of a system, including system deadlocks. Unfortunately, state-space exploration needs to handle huge state spaces for most practical systems. Several state-space reduction methods have been developed to tackle this problem. In this paper, we develop algorithms for combining two of these methods: state equivalence class reduction and the sweep-line. The algorithms allow deadlocks to be detected by recording terminal states of the system on-the-fly during state-space exploration. We derive expressions for the complexity of the algorithms and demonstrate their usefulness with an industrial case study. Our results show that the combined method achieves at least a six-fold reduction of the state space for interesting parameter values compared with either method used in isolation while still proving the desired system property of the terminal states. The runtime performance of the combined method is almost the same as that of the equivalence class method over the chosen parameter range. Moreover, the improvement in space reduction increases with increased parameter values.
Distinct Clones of Yersinia pestis Caused the Black Death

From AD 1347 to AD 1353, the Black Death killed tens of millions of people in Europe, leaving misery and devastation in its wake, with successive epidemics ravaging the continent until the 18th century. The etiology of this disease has remained highly controversial, ranging from claims based on genetics and the historical descriptions of symptoms that it was caused by Yersinia pestis to conclusions that it must have been caused by other pathogens. It has also been disputed whether plague had the same etiology in northern and southern Europe. Here we identified DNA and protein signatures specific for Y. pestis in human skeletons from mass graves in northern, central and southern Europe that were associated archaeologically with the Black Death and subsequent resurgences. We confirm that Y. pestis caused the Black Death and later epidemics on the entire European continent over the course of four centuries. Furthermore, on the basis of 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms plus the absence of a deletion in glpD gene, our aDNA results identified two previously unknown but related clades of Y. pestis associated with distinct medieval mass graves. These findings suggest that plague was imported to Europe on two or more occasions, each following a distinct route. These two clades are ancestral to modern isolates of Y. pestis biovars Orientalis and Medievalis. Our results clarify the etiology of the Black Death and provide a paradigm for a detailed historical reconstruction of the infection routes followed by this disease.
Protein phosphorylation in cyanobacteria.

The post-translational modification of proteins by phosphorylation may take a variety of forms, but in essence it is always a component of a process of adaptation that enables cells to sense and respond to changes in their external or internal environments. This review presents evidence that not only do the various forms of protein phosphorylation occur in the cyanobacteria, but that they are central to many of the adaptive responses exhibited by these organisms (for review see Tandeau de Marsac & Houmard, 1993) and, indeed, may play a key role in the integration of metabolism. Early studies on protein phosphorylation in prokaryotes were largely confined to phosphate monoester formation with hydroxyl-containing amino acid residues. It was originally thought that protein acyl phosphates and amido phosphates only occurred as intermediates of enzyme catalysis. However, it is now clear that these forms of protein phosphorylation are of enormous significance in the process of sensory transduction via two-component sensory systems involving members of the conserved histidine protein kinase and response regulator families of proteins (for reviews see Stock e t al., 1989; Parkinson & Kofoid, 1992).