Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generation of 360 Degree Point Cloud for Characterization of Morphological and Chemical Properties of Maize and Sorghum

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iii LIST OF FIGURES . vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 PLANT BREEDING AND PHENOTYPING . 1 1.2 NEED FOR 3-DIMENSIONAL MODELLING OF PLANT . 4 1.3 TECHNIQUES FOR 3-DIMENSIONAL MODELLING OF PLANTS . 5 1.3. 1 PASSIVE METHODS . 6 1.3. 2 ACTIVE METHODS . 8 1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY . 11 CHAPTER 2: GENERATION OF 3D POINT CLOUD USING LiDAR TO MEASURE MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MAIZE AND SORGHUM . 12 2.1 BACKGROUND . 12 2.1.1 LiDAR IN PLANT PHENOTYPING . 12 2.1.2 LEAF AREA, LEAF ANGLE AND LEAF ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION . 13 2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 17 2.2.1 DESCRIPTION OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE OF THE INSTRUMENT . 17 2.2.1.1 LiDAR . 17 2.2.1.2 Footprint of the LiDAR . 20 2.2.1.3 Rotation Stage . 20 2.2.1.4 Synchronization between LiDAR values and the rotation stage angles . 21
EFFICIENT DISCRETIZATION TECHNIQUES AND DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION METHODS FOR POROELASTICITY

This thesis develops a new mixed finite element method for linear elasticity model with weakly enforced symmetry on simplicial and quadrilateral grids. Motivated by the multipoint flux mixed finite element method (MFMFE) for flow in porous media, the method utilizes the lowest order Brezzi-Douglas-Marini finite element spaces and the trapezoidal (vertex) quadrature rule in order to localize the interaction of degrees of freedom. Particularly, this allows for local elimination of stress and rotation variables around each vertex and leads to a cell-centered system for the displacements. The stability analysis shows that the method is well-posed on simplicial and quadrilateral grids. Theoretical and numerical results indicate first-order convergence for all variables in the natural norms. Further discussion of the application of said Multipoint Stress Mixed Finite Element (MSMFE) method to the Biot system for poroelasticity is then presented. The flow part of the proposed model is treated in the MFMFE framework, while the mixed formulation for the elasticity equation is adopted for the use of the MSMFE technique. The extension of the MFMFE method to an arbitrary order finite volume scheme for solving elliptic problems on quadrilateral and hexahedral grids that reduce the underlying mixed finite element method to cell-centered pressure system is also discussed. A Multiscale Mortar Mixed Finite Element method for the linear elasticity on non-matching multiblock grids is also studied. A mortar finite element space is introduced on the nonmatching interfaces. In this mortar space the trace of the displacement is approximated, and continuity of normal stress is then weakly imposed. The condition number of the interface system is analyzed and optimal order of convergence is shown for stress, displacement, and rotation. Moreover, at cell centers, superconvergence is proven for the displacement variable. Computational results using an efficient parallel domain decomposition algorithm are presented in confirmation of the theory for all proposed approaches.
Neuronal NPR-15 modulates molecular and behavioral immune responses via the amphid sensory neuron-intestinal axis in C. elegans

The survival of hosts during infections relies on their ability to mount effective molecular and behavioral immune responses. Despite extensive research on these defense strategies in various species, including the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, the neural mechanisms underlying their interaction remain poorly understood. Previous studies have highlighted the role of neural G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in regulating both immunity and pathogen avoidance, which is particularly dependent on aerotaxis. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a screen of mutants in neuropeptide receptor family genes. We found that loss-of-function mutations in npr-15 activated immunity while suppressing pathogen avoidance behavior. Through further analysis, NPR-15 was found to regulate immunity by modulating the activity of key transcription factors, namely GATA/ELT-2 and TFEB/HLH-30. Surprisingly, the lack of pathogen avoidance of npr-15 mutant animals was not influenced by oxygen levels. Moreover, our studies revealed that the amphid sensory neuron ASJ is involved in mediating the immune and behavioral responses orchestrated by NPR-15. Additionally, NPR-15 was found to regulate avoidance behavior via the TRPM (transient receptor potential melastatin) gene, GON-2, which may sense the intestinal distension caused by bacterial colonization to elicit pathogen avoidance. Our study contributes to a broader understanding of host defense strategies and mechanisms underlining the interaction between molecular and behavioral immune responses.
Generalised Likelihood Ratio Tests for Two-Parameter Exponentals Under Type I Censoring

The paper considers generalized likelihood ratio tests for the equality of the location, parameters and⁄or the failure rates of k independent location and scale parameter exponentials when observations are censored in time. For testing the equality of the failure rates, asymptotic null distributions of the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) criteria are obtained. Also, asymptotic distributions of GLRT criteria are obtained under local alternatives. For testing the equality of the location parameters, asymptotic null distributions of the GLRT criteria are obtained.
Transient Velocity And Steady State Entropy Generation In A Microfluidic Couette Flow Containing Charged Nano Particles

Abstract An analysis has been provided to determine the transient velocity and steady state entropy generation in a microfluidic Couette flow influenced by electro-kinetic effect of charged nanoparticles. The equation for calculating the Couette flow velocity profile is derived for transient flow. The solutions for momentum and energy equations are used to get the exact solution for the dimensionless velocity ratio and dimensionless entropy generation number. The effects of the dimensionless entropy generation number, Bejan number, irreversibility ratio, entropy generation due to fluid friction and due to heat transfer on dimensionless time, relative channel height, Brinkman number, dimensionless temperature ratio, nanoparticle volume fraction are analyzed.
Suppressing self-excited vibrations of mechanical systems by impulsive force excitation

In this contribution, self-excited mechanical systems subjected to force excitation of impulsive type are investigated. It is shown that applying force impulses which are equally spaced in time, but whose impulsive strength depends in a certain manner on the state-variables of the mechanical system, results in a periodic energy exchange between lower and higher modes of vibration. Moreover, in the theoretical case of Dirac delta impulses, it is possible that no energy crosses the system boundary while energy is transferred across modes, i.e. neither external energy is fed to the mechanical system, nor energy is extracted from the mechanical system. Shifting energy to higher modes of vibration, whose natural damping is larger compared to lower ones, results in a faster dissipation of energy. An analytical stability investigation is presented using the assumption of impulsive forcing of Dirac delta type, which allows deciding easily about the stability by evaluating the eigenvalues of the coefficient matrix of a corresponding set of difference equations. It is shown that the developed impulsive forcing concept is capable to suppress self-excited vibrations of mechanical systems. Some numerical results of a simple mechanical system with two degrees of freedom underline the presented approach.
Novel Text Steganography Using Natural Language Processing and Part-of-Speech Tagging

The practice of transmitting secret data by using cover data is called steganography. At present, several versatile steganographic methods are available using different digital objects (e.g. image, audio, video, text, etc.) as cover to hide data. Accordingly, many methods of steganalysis have been explored to reveal statistical anomalies in stego object, through which presence of secret data can be detected. However, applications of steganography and steganalysis techniques are challenging when cover object is text, as text does not have any redundant bits. In this paper, an innovative text steganography approach is proposed which uses natural language text as cover as well as secret message. The concept of shared key is also used here, that holds the count of each parts-of-speech of secret message. This key is RSA encrypted and shared with communicative parties. Stego created by this method also is in natural language text. This method is successful as the stego keeps the original meaning of the text in gross which makes it robust and undetectable. It shows good result in capacity ratio; also, the similarity index has been assessed by Jaro–Winkler distance and Generalized Levenshtein distance.
Complex Dynamics of Ultracold Atoms

Motivated by current experiments with ultracold atoms, the study of complex dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices forms the central subject of this work. A lattice model of interacting bosons under the influence of an external force is motivated and derived from the experimental setup. Several dynamical regimes of this model are discussed in this thesis. In a first part we will develop a new measure for detecting avoided crossings in complex energy spectra and apply it to the quantum chaotic regime of the single-band system. The second and main part of this work is dedicated to the coupling between energy bands described in terms of a two-band model. The complex time evolution is already apparent in the horizontal and vertical population dynamics of the non-interacting problem. We find resonances in the interband transport, and, in a second step, study the effect of inter-particle interactions on these resonant oscillations. We are able to predict all time scales of the complex interband dynamics even in the presence of interactions. This is possible via the introduction of an effective model that is motivated and supported by a multitude of numerical results and proves exactly solvable.
New Design Potentials of Non-mimetic Sonification in Human–Robot Interaction

With the increasing use and complexity of robotic devices, the requirements for the design of human–robot interfaces are rapidly changing and call for new means of interaction and information transfer. On that scope, the discussed project—being developed by the Hybrid Things Lab at the University of Applied Sciences Augsburg and the Design Research Lab at Bauhaus-Universität Weimar—takes a first step in characterizing a novel field of research, exploring the design potentials of non-mimetic sonification in the context of human–robot interaction. Featuring an industrial seven-axis manipulator and collecting multiple information (for instance, the position of the end-effector, joint positions and forces) during manipulation, these datasets are being used for creating a novel augmented audible presence and thus allowing new forms of interaction. As such, this article considers (1) research parameters for non-mimetic sonification (such as pitch, volume, and timbre);(2) a comprehensive empirical pursuit, including setup, exploration, and validation;(3) the overall implications of integrating these findings into a unifying human–robot interaction process. The relation between machinic and auditory dimensionality is of particular concern.
Performance Prediction of Hulls with Transverse Steps

In this Master Thesis a method to perform resistance predictions on planing hulls with transverse steps has been developed. For hulls without steps there are several methods available to predict their performances. One of the methods is called Savitsky’s method and was published in 1964 and is one of the more famous. Where needed, this method has been modified and used together with other theories to become applicable for stepped hulls. The stepped hull is viewed as two regular hulls following each other closely in the water. The first hull follows the same theory as a normal planing hull since this one meets a calm level water surface. The second hull does however not, as it travels in the wake behind the first hull. Because of this, the shape of the wake has been studied for different conditions like speeds and hull shapes. There are no practical ways to give the shape of the wake as input to Savitsky’s method, but it is possible to interpret the afterbody hull shape relative to the wake surface instead of relative to the level water surface as is usually done, and by doing so view the water as level. Another issue is that it initially is unknown how the weight is distributed between the two hulls, since the two centre of pressures have different positions dependent on speed and positioning of the boat, while centre of gravity of course remains the same. As a solution the author decided to solve the weight distribution by iteration, where suitable start guess that 50-70% of the weight is carried by the forebody is made for most of the conventional hulls with transverse steps. As platform to solve the problem above, MATLAB has been used. A program has been written where the dimensions, weight and speed of the craft are used as input and the new method predicts drag, required power, trim and draft of the stepped hull. The program is tested on a boat with detailed dimensions available. The required power predicted with the program corresponds very well with the available propeller effect at that speed after the air resistance has been added.
Age Prediction in Social Networks Based on Word Embedding and Tensor Learning

Latent attribute prediction problem in social network provides a set of conditions for the construction of text classification models. The general framework of current latent attribute prediction problems is mapping the text in social network to vector space, along with a classification model to classify different categories. Unfortunately, as the vector space model ignores the similarity and relevance between different words, it fails to identify the semantic fuzziness in natural language and always performs badly on a long text. With the aim of finding a better framework for age prediction problem, in this paper we propose a word embedding based tensor space model which maps text to tensor feature space. The proposed method relies on supervised tensor learning algorithms which are well studied by many scholars, thus allowing for its easy application in text classification problems. Two experiments on different testing sets show the effectiveness and limitation of our approach.
Upper bounds for mixed H^2/H^∞ control

We consider the mixed H^2/H^∞ control problem of choosing a controller to minimize the H^2 norm of a given closed-loop map, subject to the H^∞ norm of another closed-loop map being less than a prescribed value γ. Let d_2 and γ_2 denote the H^2 and H^∞ norms for the pure H^2-optimal solution (without any H^∞ constraint), and let d_c and γ_c < γ denote the H^2 and H^∞ norms for any solution that yields an H^∞ norm strictly less than γ (such as, say, the central solution). Then if d_m denotes the optimal H2 norm that can be achieved in the mixed H^2/H^∞ control problem, we show that (d^2_m - d^2_2)/(d^_c - d^2_2) ⩽ ((γ_2 - γ)/(γ_2 - γ_c))^2 < ((γ^2_2 - γ^2)/(γ^2_2 - γ^2_c))^2 < 1.
Overview of the present progress and activities on the CFETR

The China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) is the next device in the roadmap for the realization of fusion energy in China, which aims to bridge the gaps between the fusion experimental reactor ITER and the demonstration reactor (DEMO). CFETR will be operated in two phases. Steady-state operation and self-sufficiency will be the two key issues for Phase I with a modest fusion power of up to 200 MW. Phase II aims for DEMO validation with a fusion power over 1 GW. Advanced H-mode physics, high magnetic fields up to 7 T, high frequency electron cyclotron resonance heating and lower hybrid current drive together with off-axis negative-ion neutral beam injection will be developed for achieving steady-state advanced operation. The recent detailed design, research and development (R&D) activities including integrated modeling of operation scenarios, high field magnet, material, tritium plant, remote handling and future plans are introduced in this paper.
Urban Crowdsourcing Platforms across the World: A Systematic Review

Urban crowdsourcing platforms are becoming increasingly important, especially considering the relevance of citizen-centricity in smart cities. This systematic review aims at analyzing existing academic literature on urban crowdsourcing platforms to gather citizen-generated data and shed light on the state of research and development of these tools. Studies describing data-gathering urban crowdsourcing platforms were selected following the PRISMA protocol, for a total of 30 studies, corresponding to 32 platforms. After analyzing the studies at large, this review then proceeds to examine and catalogue the platforms, focusing on their location, purpose, and public data availability. While providing valuable information on existing platforms, the catalogue is subject to different types of bias, including a geographical one, which derive primarily from the chosen methodology to identify platforms worldwide. The article also discusses the implications of such choices.
Coherence structure of D1 scattering

Abstract The extensive literature on the physics of polarized scattering may give the impression that we have a solid theoretical foundation for the interpretation of spectro-polarimetric data. This theoretical framework has however not been sufficiently tested by experiments under controlled conditions. While the solar atmosphere may be viewed as a physics laboratory, the observed solar polarization depends on too many environmental factors that are beyond our control. The existence of a symmetric polarization peak at the center of the solar Na D1 line has remained an enigma for two decades, in spite of persistent efforts to explain it with available quantum theory. A decade ago a laboratory experiment was set up to determine whether this was a problem for solar physics or quantum physics. The experiment revealed a rich polarization structure of D1 scattering, although available quantum theory predicted null results. It has now finally been possible to formulate a well-defined and self-consistent extension of the theory of quantum scattering that can reproduce in great quantitative detail the main polarization structures that were found in the laboratory experiment. Here we give a brief overview of the new physical ingredients that were missing before. The extended theory reveals that multi-level atomic systems have a far richer coherence structure than previously believed.
BITE FORCE ANALYSIS IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANGLE MALOCCLUSIONS

Conflict of interest: non-existent may be measured by the number of bites it takes to process and swallow food, or by the ability to break it.Chewing is extremely important for the stomatognathic system as it comprises the first step in the process of food digestion, called the oral phase1. Inefficient mastication may lead to a change in the choice of foods selected to compose an individual’s diet, which may negatively influence his health, and consequently lead to pathological conditions such as malnutrition, for example. One of the main factors that may influence the process of mastication is bite force during chewing, as well as the number of lateralizations and the number of occlusal contacts presented by the individual2. Bite force is defined by the force of mandible muscles that determines the amount of energy available to cut or grind food. Its intensity is determined mainly by muscle capacity and may be related  INTRODUCTION
Mueller-Jones Matrix measurement in material identification

The uniformity of lattice arrangement plays an important role in industrial processing, science and technology studies and environmental pollution detection. However, there are very little papers to study surface structure by depolarization characteristics. In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of material identification system by polarization technology, we developed a new method to decompose the Mueller matrix, we studied the mechanism of the scattering of electromagnetic wave, and analyzed the relationship between the characteristics of depolarization and mechanism of scattering. We used the Jones Matrix and Mueller Matrix to set up the physical model, and decomposed the Mueller-Jones Matrix by the characteristics of polarization, then got the depolarization coefficients (ωd) of the surfaces of the samples. By using this theory, we deduced the relation formula of Mueller matrix, Mueller-Jones matrix and Isotropic-Depolarizer matrix. Based on the polarized characteristics of the samples, we analyzed design method of material identification system and gave the results of the experimental test. Finally, we applied the theory of Fresnel formulas to verify the theoretical model. From the results, we found that the depolarization coefficients of the samples’ surfaces were related to the scattering, and in the whole measurement process, the depolarization coefficients of the samples were far different; the method could easily to distinguish the metal and nonmetal, and more quickly to analyze the surface roughness of the samples. Therefore, the depolarization technology had a great application value, and the paper had very important significance on the development of surface structure study.
Boosting Punctuation Restoration with Data Generation and Reinforcement Learning

Punctuation restoration is an important task in automatic speech recognition (ASR) which aim to restore the syntactic structure of generated ASR texts to improve readability. While punctuated texts are abundant from written documents, the discrepancy between written punctuated texts and ASR texts limits the usability of written texts in training punctuation restoration systems for ASR texts. This paper proposes a reinforcement learning method to exploit in-topic written texts and recent advances in large pre-trained generative language models to bridge this gap. The experiments show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on the ASR test set on two benchmark datasets for punctuation restoration. The source code of this work is publicly accessible at https://github.com/ laiviet/pr-rl .