Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The K-Core Decomposition and Visualization of Internet Router-Level Topology

The research was based on the massive data authorized by CAIDA (The Cooperative Association for Internet Data Analysis) Skitter project. We used the k-core decomposition to disentangle the hierarchical structure of Internet router-level topology. Combining with the actual topology measuring data, we first exhibited the pruning procedure of Internet router-level topology. Then we analyzed the characteristics in every shell which was pruned. It is concluded that the number of the nodes, isolated nodes and clusters in every shell decrease with power law. At last, we exhibited the evolvement of the Internet topology by the evolving of the largest sub-net from the innermost core to the outermost core. During the evolvement, we can easily observe the clustering properties of Internet topology.
A A C-o P

We survey the consecutive-ones property of binary matrices. Herein, a binary matrix has the consecutive-ones property (C1P) if there is a permutation of its columns that places the 1s consecutively in every row. We provide an overview over connections to graph theory, characterizations, recognition algorithms, and applications such as integer linear programming and solving S C.
Simulation on ECM effect based on GMTI using single-antenna SAR

Study on the electronic countermeasure (ECM) methods and techniques against synthetic aperture radar (SAR) are becoming one of the important topics in the field of electronic warfare (EW). A computer simulation of ECM effect based on ground moving target indication (GMTI) using single-antenna is proposed in this paper. The model used in the simulation includes real-time active coherent jamming model based on distributed targets, and GMTI model using single-antenna SAR data. Several kinds of the ECM effects in the simulation are emphasized, which include the jamming modelpsilas validity against SAR without GMTI processing, the single-antenna SAR GMTI modelpsila validity, and the critical condition whether the jamming is effective against the single-antenna SAR-GMTI. The simulation leads to the conclusion that the jamming style is effective not only to SAR without GMTI processing, but also to SAR with GMTI processing.
Mental checking and the influence on memory confidence

3 Introduction 3 Interviews 8 Experiment 1 8 Methods 8 Results 11 Discussion 13 Experiment 2 14 Introduction 14 Methods 14 Results 15 Discussion 16 General discussion 16 Conclusion 23 Acknowledgements 23 References 23 Attachment 1 Questionnaire interview 27 Attachment 2 Six interviews with OCD patients 29 Attachment 3 Visual display of 3D gas rings and light bulbs 35 Attachment 4 Questionnaires experiment 36
Follow-up study of implants with turned or oxidized surfaces placed after sinus augmentation.

PURPOSE To compare long-term survival and clinical outcomes of endosseous implants with different surface characteristics in patients with sinus elevation procedures, autologous bone grafting, and delayed implant placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Implant survival, peri-implant soft tissue conditions, marginal bone level, intrasinus apical bone level, and sinus health were studied in patients subjected to autologous bone graft and delayed placement of implants with turned or oxidized surfaces. After a minimum of 5 years of functional loading, all patients were clinically examined regarding gingival pocket depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BoP). The marginal bone level (MBL) was measured in intraoral radiographs. Cone beam computed tomography was used to evaluate the apical bone level (ABL) of the implants and intrasinus conditions. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients received sinus elevation and a total of 92 dental implants. Thirteen patients received 47 implants with a turned surface, and 15 patients received 45 implants with an oxidized surface. Mean follow-up was 10 years (range, 5 to 19 years). No significant difference was found between the two implant surfaces in terms of PD, BoP, MBL, or ABL. Four patients (14%) exhibited radiographic signs of sinus pathology, with opacification, polyp-like structures, and thickening of the sinus membrane. Radiographic signs of sinus pathology were not correlated to implant survival or to the investigated parameters. CONCLUSION Grafting of the maxillary sinus floor with intraorally harvested bone and delayed placement of either turned or oxidized implants results in equally high long-term survival rates, stable marginal and apical bone levels, and good peri-implant soft tissue health.
Formal Refinement and Partitioning of a Fuel Pump System for Small Aircraft in Hybrid Event-B

A case study centred on a fuel supply system for a small aircraft is presented in Hybrid Event-B, an extension of conventional Event-B that allows for the modelling and verification of hybrid and cyberphysical systems exhibiting nontrivial continuous behaviour. In contrast to many such case studies, which concentrate predominantly on timing issues, the focus in the present work is on nontrivial physical behaviour, and on the effect that this has on various refinement and partition strategies.
Wave analysis methods for space plasma experiment

A review of analysis methods is given on quasimonochromatic waves, turbulent fluctuations, and wave– wave and wave–particle interactions for single-spacecraft data in situ in near-Earth space and interplanetary space, in particular using magnetic field and electric field data. Energy spectra for different components of the fluctuating fields, minimum variance analysis, propagation and polarization properties of electromagnetic waves, wave distribution function, helicity quantities, higher-order statistics, and detection methods for wave–particle interactions are explained.
Doing Reasonable Hope within a Cultural-Historical Activity Framework.

In this article we present a conceptual framework that we have found sufficiently robust and broad-based to offer a platform for engaging with social and educational challenges in collaboration with our students and research participants. In our framework we employ aspects of the work done by Engestrom (1987; 2001) in terms of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT), Rule's (2004) concept of 'dialogic space', as well as the notion of 'doing reasonable hope' as developed by Weingarten (2007). We present it as our particular effort to make a contribution to reaching the millennium goals. We draw on two of the more prominent conceptual tools offered by Engestrom: his mediational triangle and notion of expansive learning, as well as his metaphor of knotworking and show how hopefulness-in-action allows us the scope to maintain that our way of working is centrally about doing reasonable hope.
Safety and Efficacy: The Role of Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls in Pharmaceutical Drug Development

There is an intrinsic link between the chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC) attributes of the pharmaceutical product and the safety and efficacy of the clinical therapy. The quality, identity, purity, and strength of the drug substance and drug product provide a foundation for the demonstrated safety and efficacy of the dosage form. Product safety is studied throughout the development process with a specific focus on safety found in the early phases of drug development. The early exploration of safety allows for appropriate risk assessment as clinical exposure to the drug increases in development. As development progresses, the impact of CMC on efficacy of the dosage form becomes the focal point of the development process. This article reviews the critical quality attributes of drug substance and drug product essential to pharmaceutical drug development and the relationship to the safety and efficacy of the clinical therapy. DEVELOPMENT PHASES
Prediction of live and carcass characteristics of market hogs by use of a single longitudinal ultrasonic scan.

Live animal and carcass data were collected from market barrows and gilts (n = 119) to determine the accuracy and precision of using a single longitudinal scan, parallel to midline, in estimating body and carcass composition. Data from test pigs (n = 96) were used to develop prediction equations. Best results were obtained in predicting weight of boneless cuts (ham, loin, and shoulder), weight of lean cuts (bone-in ham, loin, and shoulder), and weight of fat-standardized carcass lean. Less accuracy was obtained in predicting ratios of all estimates on a live basis. Independent variables analyzed for the live models were live weight, sex, and ultrasonic fat depth and muscle depth at the 10th rib. Independent variables for the carcass models were the same as on the live animal; the estimators for boneless cuts (ham, loin, and shoulder) were most precise. Equations were tested against an independent set of experimental pigs (n = 23). Equations for predicting weight of boneless cuts, weight of ham and loin, and percentage of fat-standardized lean using both live and carcass measurements were most accurate, with R2 values between . 78 and . 87 and RSD values between 1.30 and 1.92 kg. The results of this study reinforce the potential of assessing carcass composition and value by using a single longitudinal B-mode scan on both live pigs and carcass; live weight, sex of pig, and fat depth at the 10th rib were the greatest contributors to variation.
Noise reduction and functional maps image quality improvement in dynamic CT perfusion using a new k‐means clustering guided bilateral filter (KMGB)

Purpose Dynamic CT perfusion (CTP) consists in repeated acquisitions of the same volume in different time steps, slightly before, during and slightly afterwards the injection of contrast media. Important functional information can be derived for each voxel, which reflect the local hemodynamic properties and hence the metabolism of the tissue. Different approaches are being investigated to exploit data redundancy and prior knowledge for noise reduction of such datasets, ranging from iterative reconstruction schemes to high dimensional filters. Methods We propose a new spatial bilateral filter which makes use of the k‐means clustering algorithm and of an optimal calculated guiding image. We named the proposed filter as k‐means clustering guided bilateral filter (KMGB). In this study, the KMGB filter is compared with the partial temporal non‐local means filter (PATEN), with the time‐intensity profile similarity (TIPS) filter, and with a new version derived from it, by introducing the guiding image (GB‐TIPS). All the filters were tested on a digital in‐house developed brain CTP phantom, were noise was added to simulate 80 kV and 200 mAs (default scanning parameters), 100 mAs and 30 mAs. Moreover, the filters performances were tested on 7 noisy clinical datasets with different pathologies in different body regions. The original contribution of our work is two‐fold: first we propose an efficient algorithm to calculate a guiding image to improve the results of the TIPS filter, secondly we propose the introduction of the k‐means clustering step and demonstrate how this can potentially replace the TIPS part of the filter obtaining better results at lower computational efforts. Results As expected, in the GB‐TIPS, the introduction of the guiding image limits the over‐smoothing of the TIPS filter, improving spatial resolution by more than 50%. Furthermore, replacing the time‐intensity profile similarity calculation with a fuzzy k‐means clustering strategy (KMGB) allows to control the edge preserving features of the filter, resulting in improved spatial resolution and CNR both for CT images and for functional maps. In the phantom study, the PATEN filter showed overall the poorest results, while the other filters showed comparable performances in terms of perfusion values preservation, with the KMGB filter having overall the best image quality. Conclusion In conclusion, the KMGB filter leads to superior results for CT images and functional maps quality improvement, in significantly shorter computational times compared to the other filters. Our results suggest that the KMGB filter might be a more robust solution for halved‐dose CTP datasets. For all the filters investigated, some artifacts start to appear on the BF maps if one sixth of the dose is simulated, suggesting that no one of the filters investigated in this study might be optimal for such a drastic dose reduction scenario.
Evaluation of availability of initial-segments of video files in Device-to-Device (D2D) network

We propose a new caching concept in which wireless nodes in Device-to-Device (D2D) network can cache the initialsegments of the popular video files and may share to users in their proximity upon request. We term this approach as Bootstrapping-D2D (B-D2D) system. Our findings suggest that caching only initial-segments creates a large pool of popular files, thus improving the probability of availability of initial-segments within the vicinity of the requesting users. Our proposed B-D2D system is based on a popular clustering algorithm called density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), that groups the users into dense and arbitrary shape clusters based on two predefined thresholds. We then formulate an optimization problem to maximize the probability of availability of initialsegments within the transmission range of requesting wireless devices. The simulation results demonstrate that, caching the initial video segments could substantially improve the availability of segments within the proximity of users without requiring any extra hardware infrastructure cost, and D2D services could be utilized to deliver the video contents with lower startup delays in cellular networks.
Big Missing Data: are scientific memes inherited differently from gendered authorship?

This paper seeks to build upon the previous literature on gender aspects in research collaboration and knowledge diffusion. Our approach adds the meme inheritance notion to traditional citation analysis, as we investigate if scientific memes are inherited differently from gendered authorship. Since authors of scientific papers inherit knowledge from their cited authors, once authorship is gendered we are able to characterize the inheritance process with respect to the frequencies of memes and their propagation scores depending on the gender of the authors. By applying methodologies that enable the gender disambiguation of authors, big missing data on the gender of citing and cited authors is dealt with. Our empirically based approach allows for investigating the combined effect of meme inheritance and gendered transmission. Results show that scientific memes do not spread differently from either male or female cited authors. Likewise, the memes that we analyse were not found to propagate more easily via male or female inheritance.
Carbonic anhydrase IX, a hypoxia-induced catalytic component of the pH regulating machinery in tumors

Acidic tissue microenvironment contributes to tumor progression via multiple effects including the activation of angiogenic factors and proteases, reduced cell-cell adhesion, increased migration and invasion, etc. In addition, intratumoral acidosis can influence the uptake of anticancer drugs and modulate the response of tumors to conventional therapy. Acidification of the tumor microenvironment often develops due to hypoxia-triggered oncogenic metabolism, which leads to the extensive production of lactate, protons, and carbon dioxide. In order to avoid intracellular accumulation of the acidic metabolic products, which is incompatible with the survival and proliferation, tumor cells activate molecular machinery that regulates pH by driving transmembrane inside-out and outside-in ion fluxes. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a hypoxia-induced catalytic component of the bicarbonate import arm of this machinery. Through its catalytic activity, CA IX directly participates in many acidosis-induced features of tumor phenotype as demonstrated by manipulating its expression and/or by in vitro mutagenesis. CA IX can function as a survival factor protecting tumor cells from hypoxia and acidosis, as a pro-migratory factor facilitating cell movement and invasion, as a signaling molecule transducing extracellular signals to intracellular pathways (including major signaling and metabolic cascades) and converting intracellular signals to extracellular effects on adhesion, proteolysis, and other processes. These functional implications of CA IX in cancer are supported by numerous clinical studies demonstrating the association of CA IX with various clinical correlates and markers of aggressive tumor behavior. Although our understanding of the many faces of CA IX is still incomplete, existing knowledge supports the view that CA IX is a biologically and clinically relevant molecule, exploitable in anticancer strategies aimed at targeting adaptive responses to hypoxia and/or acidosis.
Analysis of Congestion Control Strategy for Wireless Network

TCP now is widely used in Transmission Control Protocol; however, in the wireless network environment, TCP congestion control typically has some defects such as high-error rate, long-latency, low-bandwidth and frequent-movement, etc. In the wireless network, the implementation difficulty of congestion control mechanism is the degree of congestion, which is not only relevant to the length of the queue, but also the wireless channel around the node is busy. Many congestion control algorithms have applied in congestion control. In this paper, wireless network congestion control strategy takes the idea of active queue management into the implement discarding strategy by detecting receiving and sending condition through the MAC layer in real-time, forecasting the arrival rate of the packet, as well as estimating the available bandwidth of the node. Thanks to that estimating bandwidth needn’t to exchange the state information with other nodes, which reduces the overhead of the system. At the same time, the congestion control mechanism eases the congestion state of wireless network, and improves the network performance. KeywordsCongestion control; Node; Bandwidth; Packet
Interactive ozone and methane chemistry in GISS-E2 historical and future climate simulations

Abstract. The new generation GISS climate model includes fully interactive chemistry related to ozone in historical and future simulations, and interactive methane in future simulations. Evaluation of ozone, its tropospheric precursors, and methane shows that the model captures much of the large-scale spatial structure seen in recent observations. While the model is much improved compared with the previous chemistry-climate model, especially for ozone seasonality in the stratosphere, there is still slightly too rapid stratospheric circulation, too little stratosphere-to-troposphere ozone flux in the Southern Hemisphere and an Antarctic ozone hole that is too large and persists too long. Quantitative metrics of spatial and temporal correlations with satellite datasets as well as spatial autocorrelation to examine transport and mixing are presented to document improvements in model skill and provide a benchmark for future evaluations. The difference in radiative forcing (RF) calculated using modeled tropospheric ozone versus tropospheric ozone observed by TES is only 0.016 W m−2. Historical 20th Century simulations show a steady increase in whole atmosphere ozone RF through 1970 after which there is a decrease through 2000 due to stratospheric ozone depletion. Ozone forcing increases throughout the 21st century under RCP8.5 owing to a projected recovery of stratospheric ozone depletion and increases in methane, but decreases under RCP4.5 and 2.6 due to reductions in emissions of other ozone precursors. RF from methane is 0.05 to 0.18 W m−2 higher in our model calculations than in the RCP RF estimates. The surface temperature response to ozone through 1970 follows the increase in forcing due to tropospheric ozone. After that time, surface temperatures decrease as ozone RF declines due to stratospheric depletion. The stratospheric ozone depletion also induces substantial changes in surface winds and the Southern Ocean circulation, which may play a role in a slightly stronger response per unit forcing during later decades. Tropical precipitation shifts south during boreal summer from 1850 to 1970, but then shifts northward from 1970 to 2000, following upper tropospheric temperature gradients more strongly than those at the surface.
Impact of Data Transfer to Hadoop Job Performance: Architectural Analysis and Experiment

Hadoop is a distributed processing platform for analyzing a large amount of data. It uses MapReduce framework for distributed parallel processing where reduce computation uses all the relevant map computation results obtained in other nodes, thus needs massive amounts of data transfer between nodes. This paper explores how such interdependence between nodes affects the job performance in Hadoop cluster and clarifies the mechanism of job performance deterioration. For this purpose, we built two kind of experimental Hadoop clusters using real machines in our laboratory and virtual machines on Amazon EC2 and tracked the progress of tasks which proceeds in parallel. As a result, we revealed that delay in one task caused by congestions in disk I/O or data transfer propagates to other tasks and deteriorates the overall job performance significantly. Furthermore, we found that speculative task execution brings adverse effects when the task delay is caused by disk I/O.
Direct detection of cytomegalovirus from bronchoalveolar lavage samples by using a rapid in situ DNA hybridization assay

An in situ DNA hybridization assay was compared with centrifugation culture for rapid detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples. Eighty BAL samples were inoculated into both centrifugation culture and standard culture. Cytospin preparations of the BAL samples were studied in a 75-min in situ DNA hybridization assay using the PathoGene CMV kit (Enzo Biochem, Inc., New York, N.Y.). Of the 80 samples, 39 (49%) were positive for CMV; 37 of 39 (95%) were positive by centrifugation culture, 34 of 39 (87%) were positive in standard culture, 24 of 39 (62%) were positive by in situ hybridization, and 20 of 39 (56%) were positive by histologic and/or immunofluorescence techniques. The in situ hybridization assay detected 23 of the 37 samples positive in centrifugation culture, for a sensitivity of 62% and a specificity of 98%. We conclude that the in situ hybridization assay is a specific and more rapid test than centrifugation culture and standard culture for diagnosis of CMV pulmonary infection. For the clinical laboratory, however, current hybridization methods are not sufficiently sensitive to replace centrifugation culture for detection of CMV in BAL specimens.