Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinician's Guide to PTSD: A Cognitive-Behavioral Approach

Part I: Conceptual and Empirical Foundations. Clinical Features of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Features of PTSD: What the Research Tells Us. Cognitive-Behavioral Models. Neurobiology for the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapist. Treatments: A Review of the Research. Part II: Treatment Methods and Protocols. Assessment. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: An Overview. Developing a Case Formulation and Treatment Plan. Psychoeducation, Treatment Engagement, and Emotion Regulation Strategies. Cognitive Interventions I: General Considerations and Approaches. Cognitive Interventions II: Methods for Specific Types of Beliefs. Exposure Exercises I: Imaginal and Interoceptive Exposure. Exposure Exercises II: Situational Exposure. Adjunctive Methods and Relapse Prevention.
Sulfide intrusion in seagrasses assessed by stable sulfur isotopes—a synthesis of current results

Sulfide intrusion in seagrasses, as assessed by stable sulfur isotope signals, is widespread in all climate zones, where seagrasses are growing. Seagrasses can incorporate substantial amounts of 34S-depleted sulfide into their tissues with up to 87% of the total sulfur in leaves derived from sedimentary sulfide. Correlations between δ34S in leaves, rhizomes and roots show that sedimentary sulfide is entering through the roots, either in the form of sulfide or sulfate, and translocated to the rhizomes and the leaves. The total sulfur content of the seagrasses increases as the proportion of sedimentary sulfide in the plant increases, and accumulation of elemental sulfur (S0) inside the plant with δ34S values similar to the sedimentary sulfide suggests that S0 is an important reoxidation product of the sedimentary sulfide. The accumulation of S0 can, however, not account for the increase in sulfur in the tissue, and other sulfur containing compounds such as thiols, organic sulfur and sulfate contribute to the accumulated sulfur pool. Experimental studies with seagrasses exposed to environmental and biological stressors show decreasing δ34S in the tissues along with reduction in growth parameters, suggesting that sulfide intrusion can affect seagrass performance.
Enhanced tagging of light utilizing acoustic radiation force with speckle pattern analysis

Abstract. In optical imaging, the depth and resolution are limited due to scattering. Unlike light, scattering of ultrasound (US) waves in tissue is negligible. Hybrid imaging methods such as US-modulated optical tomography (UOT) use the advantages of both modalities. UOT tags light by inducing phase change caused by modulating the local index of refraction of the medium. The challenge in UOT is detecting the small signal. The displacement induced by the acoustic radiation force (ARF) is another US effect that can be utilized to tag the light. It induces greater phase change, resulting in a stronger signal. Moreover, the absorbed acoustic energy generates heat, resulting in change in the index of refraction and a strong phase change. The speckle pattern is governed by the phase of the interfering scattered waves; hence, speckle pattern analysis can obtain information about displacement and temperature changes. We have presented a model to simulate the insonation processes. Simulation results based on fixed-particle Monte Carlo and experimental results show that the signal acquired by utilizing ARF is stronger compared to UOT. The introduced mean irradiance change (MIC) signal reveals both thermal and mechanical effects of the focused US beam in different timescales. Simulation results suggest that variation in the MIC signal can be used to generate a displacement image of the medium.
A Wideband Dual Polarized Antenna for Mobile Base Stations

A wideband dual polarized base station antenna is suggested in this paper. The complete antenna is modeled in metal to withstand all environmental hazards. It consists of an air coupled balun feeding and a T-matched dipole. A dual orthogonal polarized antenna arrangement is easily supported by this antenna structure, which qualifies it for base-station applications. The antenna input impedance is 100 Ohm, making it easily converted into a two-element array by adding a power divider. The antenna is created using the custom 3D shapes available in the Antenna Toolbox™ from MATLAB®. The antenna operates from 1.6 GHz to 3 GHz, with a VSWR $\lt2$ and isolation between the two ports that is below -16 dB. The antenna gain is 7 dBi over the band. The half power beam width (HPBW) of the antenna is 74°. The antenna can also be fabricated using 3D printing technology.
Solving Large Fault Trees with Importance Sampling and Tree Search

Fault tree analysis has been widely used in various areas for reliability analysis. A major task in fault tree analysis is to quantify the probability of the top event in the fault tree. Various algorithms based on minimal cut sets, binary decision diagrams, and Monte Carlo simulation have been developed. For fault trees that are large, have complex logic structures, and for which the top event probabilities are small, these algorithms are inefficient. This paper proposes a new algorithm to address this challenge. The new algorithm is based on importance sampling and Monte Carlo tree search. Compared with existing algorithms based on Monte Carlo simulation, the new algorithm can generate sample combinations of event states that cause the top event more efficiently, and therefore improves the computational efficiency of top event probability quantification for large, complex fault trees for which the top event probabilities are small. A preliminary case study shows that the new algorithm can be about ten times faster than an algorithm based on Monte Carlo simulation. This approach becomes very important if the top event has major impacts on an organization, such as loss of life and/or the organization's reputation, though the probability of the top event is low.
Constrained overlapping clusters: minimizing the negative effects of bridge‐nodes

This paper presents a new approach to form overlapping clusters of objects by balancing the effects of incompleteness, impurity, and overlap. Incompleteness results from similar objects separated into different clusters while impurity arises when a cluster contains dissimilar objects. Overlap is caused by nodes that appear in more than one cluster. The key to balancing these effects is the identification of bridge‐nodes. We show the limitations of traditional clustering algorithms in handling bridge‐nodes and demonstrate the intractability of minimizing all three effects. Approximation algorithms based on graph mincut and genetic algorithm are proposed to minimize these effects. Our results with real data sets show significant improvement over traditional methods with regard to incompleteness, impurity, and overlap. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 3: 20‐37, 2010
Bandwidth-efficient burst error tolerance in TDMA-based CAN networks

Many distributed control systems employ TDMA-based communication over CAN in order to meet realtime constraints. Whilst this form of media access control brings several timeliness benefits, studies have also illustrated negative effects on transmission reliability. This paper extends the ‘window transmission’ technique which was recently proposed by the authors to help overcome this problem in TDMA-based networks to include the effects of correlated (burst) errors. This paper employs a simple Markov model to describe burst error behaviors in a CAN network, and the model is used to develop an algorithm for calculating TDMA slot sizes which aim to provide prespecified statistical guarantees of message delivery. Computational results are presented which indicate that the technique can reduce the amount of bandwidth needed for specified reliability levels by a significant factor when compared to the use of message duplicates. The paper is concluded with an empirical study which provides further supportive evidence for the described technique.
Producing words in a foreign language: Can speakers prevent interference from their first language?

Two picture-word interference experiments were conducted to investigate whether or not words from a first and more dominant language are activated during lexical access in a foreign and less dominant language. Native speakers of Dutch were instructed to name pictures in their foreign language English. Our experiments show that the Dutch name of a picture is activated during initial stages of the process of lexical in English as a foreign language. We conclude that bilingual speakers cannot suppress activation from their first language while naming pictures in a foreign language. The implications for bilingual speech production theories are discussed.
Static and dynamic variable voltage scheduling algorithms for real-time heterogeneous distributed embedded systems

This paper addresses the problem of static and dynamic variable voltage scheduling of multi-rate periodic task graphs (i.e., tasks with precedence relationships) and aperiodic tasks in heterogeneous distributed real-time embedded systems. Such an embedded system may contain general-purpose processors, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Variable voltage scheduling is performed only on general-purpose processors. The static scheduling algorithm constructs a variable voltage schedule via heuristics based on critical path analysis and task execution order refinement. The algorithm redistributes the slack in the initial schedule and refines task execution order in an efficient manner. The variable voltage schedule guarantees all the hard deadlines and precedence relationships of periodic tasks. The dynamic scheduling algorithm is also based on an initially valid static schedule. The objective of the on-line scheduling algorithm is to provide best-effort service to soft aperiodic tasks, as well as to reduce the system power consumption by determining clock frequencies (and correspondingly supply voltages) for different tasks at run-time, while still guaranteeing the deadlines and precedence relationships of hard real-time periodic tasks.
Rapamycin suppresses 5′TOP mRNA translation through inhibition of p70s6k

Treatment of mammalian cells with the immunosuppressant rapamycin, a bacterial macrolide, selectively suppresses mitogen‐induced translation of an essential class of mRNAs which contain an oligopyrimidine tract at their transcriptional start (5′TOP), most notably mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins and elongation factors. In parallel, rapamycin blocks mitogen‐induced p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70s6k) phosphorylation and activation. Utilizing chimeric mRNA constructs containing either a wild‐type or disrupted 5′TOP, we demonstrate that an intact polypyrimidine tract is required for rapamycin to elicit an inhibitory effect on the translation of these transcripts. In turn, a dominant‐interfering p70s6k, which selectively prevents p70s6k activation by blocking phosphorylation of the rapamycin‐sensitive sites, suppresses the translation of the chimeric mRNA containing the wild‐type but not the disrupted 5′TOP. Conversion of the principal rapamycin‐sensitive p70s6k phosphorylation site, T389, to an acidic residue confers rapamycin resistance on the kinase and negates the inhibitory effects of the macrolide on 5′TOP mRNA translation in cells expressing this mutant. The results demonstrate that the rapamycin block of mitogen‐induced 5′TOP mRNA translation is mediated through inhibition of p70s6k activation.
Pulmonary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and its resolution.

67-YEAR-OLD MAN with type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease underwent bronchoscopic biopsy because of a nodular lesion in the right lung observed on a computed tomography of the chest; the biopsy showed adenocarcinoma of the right lung. A Tc-99m HMDP bone scan (Fig 1) showed increased uptake in the elbows, wrists, joints of the hands, knees, ankles, and diffusely increased uptake in the tibiae and radii; an anterior image of the lower legs showed diffusely increased uptake in both fibulae and tibiae and linear periosteal uptake along the tibial shafts (Fig 1). After presurgical clearance, the patient underwent a right middle lobectomy and radical node resection, which confirmed the diagnosis of moderately differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma of the right lung. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful, and he was discharged on the 10th postoperative day. A follow-up bone scan, performed 4 years later (Fig 2), showed normal uptake in the elbows, wrists, joints of the hand, knees, ankles, radii, and tibiae as compared with the first bone scan. DISCUSSION
Towards putting abstract interpretation of prolog into practice: design, implementation, and evaluation of a tool to verify and optimise prolog programs

Logic programming is appealing since it allows the programmer to concentrate on the meaning of the problem to be solved. Unfortunately, for efficiency reasons, the declarative and operational natures of Prolog do not coincide. Prolog uses an incomplete depth-first search rule, unifications and negations may be unsound, and there are extralogical features like the cut or dynamic predicates. Methodologies have been proposed to construct operationally correct and efficient Prolog code. Researchers have designed methods to automate the verification of operational properties on which optimisation of logic programs can be based. A few tools have been implemented but there is a lack of a unified framework. The goal and topic of this thesis is the design, implementation and evaluation of an abstract interpretation framework of Prolog to integrate state-of-the-art techniques. The analyser is based on an original proposal that defines the notion of abstract sequence, which allows one to verify many desirable operational properties of a logic procedure. The properties include types, modes, sharing of terms, proving termination, linear relations between the size of input/output terms and the number of solutions to a call. A single global analysis is performed, and abstract sequences are derived at each program point. In this thesis, we implement and evaluate the original framework, and, more importantly, we overcome its limitations to make it accurate and usable in practice: the improved framework accepts any Prolog code with modules, new abstract domains and operations are added, and the language of specifications is more expressive. We also design and implement an optimiser that generates specialised code. The optimiser uses the abstract information to safely apply source-to-source transformations. Code transformations include clause and literal reordering, introduction of cuts, and removal of redundant literals. The optimiser follows a precise strategy to choose the most rewarding transformations in best order.
A self-inhibitory interaction within Nup155 and membrane binding are required for nuclear pore complex formation

ABSTRACT Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are gateways through the nuclear envelope. How they form into a structure containing three rings and integrate into the nuclear envelope remains a challenging paradigm for coordinated assembly of macro-complexes. In vertebrates, the cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic rings of NPCs are mostly formed by multiple copies of the Nup107–Nup160 complex, whereas the central, or inner ring is composed of Nup53, Nup93, Nup155 and the two paralogues Nup188 and Nup205. Inner ring assembly is only partially understood. Using in vitro nuclear assembly reactions, we show that direct pore membrane binding of Nup155 is crucial for NPC formation. Replacing full-length Nup155 with its N-terminal β-propeller allows assembly of the outer ring components to the NPC backbone that also contains Nup53. However, further assembly, especially recruitment of the Nup93 and Nup62 complexes, is blocked. Self-interaction between the N- and C-terminal domains of Nup155 has an auto-inhibitory function that prevents interaction between the N-terminus of Nup155 and the C-terminal region of Nup53. Nup93 can overcome this block by binding to Nup53, thereby promoting formation of the inner ring and the NPC. Highlighted Article: Membrane binding and an auto-inhibitory self-interaction within Nup155 is crucial for assembly of nuclear pore complexes in the nuclear envelope.
Lifestyle and Routine Activity Theories Revisited: The Importance of “Risk” to the Study of Victimization

Abstract Lifestyle and routine activity theories both view victimization through the lens of the convergence of a motivated offender, an attractive target/victim, and the absence of capable guardianship. These theories differ, however, in how they view the behaviors that put people at “risk” for victimization. Where lifestyle theory conceives of risk in probabilistic terms (e.g., certain behaviors elevate one’s odds of being victimized), routine activity theory simply describes the victimization event itself (e.g., if the three key elements converge, victimization happens, yet if one of the elements is missing, victimization is avoided). We argue that this difference is meaningful and that its disappearance over time has been consequential to the study of victimization. Our purpose here is to outline the implications of this difference in the conception of risk for victimization theory, research, and policy. Our broader goal is to reignite a theoretical debate that we feel is long overdue.
Readings in Adolescent Development

A collection of fifty articles, mostly from the United States, which have appeared in various places over the last ten years, are brought together in this book. They are well arranged in four sections and there is a glossary of terms as well as an index. The articles range widely from basic philosophical concepts, such as that by Carl R. Rogers, to much more detailed studies, such as that by David P. Ausubel on the effect
Alice and Bob Show Distribution Testing Lower Bounds (They don't talk to each other anymore.)

We present a new methodology for proving distribution testing lower bounds, establishing a connection between distribution testing and the simultaneous message passing (SMP) communication model. Extending the framework of Blais, Brody, and Matulef [BBM12], we show a simple way to reduce (private-coin) SMP problems to distribution testing problems. This method allows us to prove new distribution testing lower bounds, as well as to provide simple proofs of known lower bounds. Our main result is concerned with testing identity to a specific distribution p, given as a parameter. In a recent and influential work, Valiant and Valiant [VV14] showed that the sample complexity of the aforementioned problem is closely related to the `2/3-quasinorm of p. We obtain alternative bounds on the complexity of this problem in terms of an arguably more intuitive measure and using simpler proofs. More specifically, we prove that the sample complexity is essentially determined by a fundamental operator in the theory of interpolation of Banach spaces, known as Peetre’s K-functional. We show that this quantity is closely related to the size of the effective support of p (loosely speaking, the number of supported elements that constitute the vast majority of the mass of p). This result, in turn, stems from an unexpected connection to functional analysis and refined concentration of measure inequalities, which arise naturally in our reduction. ∗This work appeared in CCC’17 as [BCG17]. †University of Waterloo. Email: eric.blais@uwaterloo.ca. Research supported by NSERC Discovery grant. ‡Columbia University. Email: ccanonne@cs.columbia. edu. Research supported by NSF grants CCF-1115703 and NSF CCF-1319788. §UC Berkeley. Email: tom.gur@berkeley.edu. Research partially supported by the ISF grant number 671/13 and Irit Dinur’s ERC grant number 239985. ISSN 1433-8092 Electronic Colloquium on Computational Complexity, Revision 1 of Report No. 168 (2016)
The prevalence of malocclusion in China--an investigation of 25,392 children.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of malocclusion in China. METHODS Based on individual normal occlusion and Angle's classification of malocclusion, standard investigation form was made. 25,392 children of different dental ages were evaluated by orthodontic professionals. RESULTS The prevalence of malocclusion among Chinese children was 67.82%. The prevalence of malocclusion among children with different dental age and the proportion of the different types of malocclusions were revealed. CONCLUSION The prevalence of malocclusion among Chinese children had increased from 40% to 67% over the last 40 years.
Nutritional status is strongly correlated with grip strength and depression in community-living elderly Japanese

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the utility of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) in assessing nutritional, physical and psychosocial functions in community-living elderly individuals. Design A cross-sectional study of elderly individuals investigated in August 2007 and August–September 2008. Nutritional status was assessed using serum biomarkers, anthropometric measurements and the MNA. Physical function was assessed by measuring grip strength and both usual and maximum walking speeds. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to measure the individual's depressive state. Setting Elder-care facilities in Tokyo, Japan. Subjects Community-living elderly individuals aged ≥65 years (n 130). Results The MNA evaluation classified twenty-seven (20·8 %) individuals as being at risk for malnutrition (MNA score ≤23·5); these at-risk individuals included a high proportion of the elderly aged ≥75 years. MNA scores correlated with nutritional biomarkers (total protein, albumin, cholinesterase, Hb) and anthropometric measurements (triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, mid-arm muscle area) and exhibited a strong correlation with grip strength and GDS score. Multivariate analysis revealed that grip strength, GDS score, marital status and maximum walking speed are strong predictors of MNA score. Conclusions The MNA is considerably useful in providing a comprehensive assessment of nutritional status in elderly, community-living Japanese. However, larger-scale epidemiological studies are needed to determine the utility and the appropriate cut-off point of the MNA as a screen for risk of malnutrition.
Correlations between auditory structures and hearing sensitivity in non‐human primates

Primates show distinctions in hearing sensitivity and auditory morphology that generally follow phylogenetic patterns. However, few previous studies have attempted to investigate how differences in primate hearing are directly related to differences in ear morphology. This research helps fill this void by exploring the form‐to‐function relationships of the auditory system in a phylogenetically broad sample of non‐human primates. Numerous structures from the outer, middle, and inner ears were measured in taxa with known hearing capabilities. The structures investigated include the overall size and shape of the pinna, the areas of the tympanic membrane and stapedial footplate, the masses and lever arm lengths of the ossicles, the volumes of the middle ear cavities, and the length of the cochlea. The results demonstrate that a variety of auditory structures show significant correlations with certain aspects of hearing (particularly low‐frequency sensitivity). Although the majority of these relationships agree with expectations from auditory theory, some traditional (and possibly outdated) ideas were not supported. For example, the common misconception that higher middle ear transformer ratios (e.g., impedance transformer ratio) result in increased hearing sensitivity was not supported. Although simple correlations between form and function do not necessarily imply causality, the relationships defined in this study not only increase our understanding of auditory patterns in extant taxa but also lay the foundation to begin investigating the hearing in fossil primates. J. Morphol. , 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.