Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Super-Drizzle: Applications of Adaptive Kernel Regression in Astronomical Imaging

Abstract : The drizzle algorithm is a widely used tool for image enhancement in the astronomical literature. For example, a very popular implementation of this method, as studied by Frutcher and Hook, has been used to fuse, denoise, and increase the spatial resolution of the images captured by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). However, the drizzle algorithm is an ad-hoc method, equivalent to a spatially adaptive linear filter, which limits its range of performance. To improve the performance of the drizzle algorithm, we make contact with the field of non-parametric statistics and generalize the tools and results for use in image processing and reconstruction. In contrast to the parametric methods, which rely on a specific model of the signal of interest, non-parametric methods rely on the data itself to dictate the structure of the model, in which case this implicit model is referred to as a regression function. We promote the use and improve upon a class of non-parametric methods called kernel regression.
On Large Margin Hierarchical Classification With Multiple Paths

Hierarchical classification is critical to knowledge management and exploration, as is gene function prediction and document categorization. In hierarchical classification, an input is classified according to a structured hierarchy. In such a situation, the central issue is how to effectively utilize the interclass relationship to improve the generalization performance of flat classification ignoring such dependency. In this article, we propose a novel large margin method through constraints characterizing a multipath hierarchy, where class membership can be nonexclusive. The proposed method permits a treatment of various losses for hierarchical classification. For implementation, we focus on the symmetric difference loss and two large margin classifiers: support vector machines and ψ-learning. Finally, theoretical and numerical analyses are conducted, in addition to an application to gene function prediction. They suggest that the proposed method achieves the desired objective and outperforms strong competitors in the literature.
MiR-30a-5p Antisense Oligonucleotide Suppresses Glioma Cell Growth by Targeting SEPT7

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting the mRNAs of hundreds of human genes. Variations in miRNA expression levels were shown to be associated with glioma. We have previously found miR-30a-5p overexpression in glioma cell lines and specimens. Bioinformatics analyses predict that several miRNAs, including miR-30a-5p, are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of SEPT7. SEPT7 is a member of the septin family, which is a highly conserved subfamily of GTPases implicated in exocytosis, apoptosis, synaptogenesis, neurodegeneration and tumorigenesis. Our previous study has also demonstrated that SEPT7 expression is decreased in astrocytic gliomas with different grades and plays a tumor suppressor role. In the present study, we knocked down miR-30a-5p with antisense oligonucleotide (miR-30a-5p AS) in LN229 and SNB19 glioblastoma(GBM) cells, and found that cell growth and invasion were inhibited, while apoptosis was induced. miR-30a-5p AS treated cells showed upregulation of SEPT7 and downregulation of PCNA, cyclin D1, Bcl2, MMP2 and MMP9. In contrast, when miR-30a-5p mimics were transfected into LN229 and SNB19 GBM cells, cell growth and invasion were promoted and the expression of relevant proteins increased. Meanwhile, the effect of miR-30a-5p mimics on glioma cells can be reversed by transfection of SEPT7 construct. Additionaly, miR-30a-5p directly targeting SEPT7 was identified by the reporter gene assay. Our study demonstrates,for the first time, that miR-30a-5p is a bona fide negative regulator of SEPT7 and the oncogenic activity of miR-30a-5p in human gliomas is at least in part through the repression of SEPT7.
Time and Space Eecient Pose Clustering

This paper shows that the pose clustering method of object recognition can be decomposed into small sub-problems without loss of accuracy. Randomization can then be used to limit the number of subproblems that need to be examined to achieve accurate recognition. These techniques are used to decrease the computational complexity of pose clustering. The clustering step is formulated as an eecient tree search of the pose space. This method requires little memory since not many poses are clustered at a time. Analysis shows that pose clustering is not inherently more sensitive to noise than other methods of generating hypotheses. Finally, experiments on real and synthetic data are presented.
An experimental study of fixed points and chaos in the motion of spheres in a Stokes flow

We present the results of an investigation of a novel dynamical system in which one, two or three solid spheres are free to move in a horizontal rotating cylinder which is completely filled with a highly viscous fluid. At low rotation rates, steady motion is found where the balls adopt stable equilibrium positions rotating adjacent to the rising wall at a speed which is in agreement with available theory. At higher cylinder speeds time-dependent motion sets in via Hopf bifurcations, and when one or two balls are present the motion is strictly periodic. Perhaps surprisingly, it is found that three balls are required to produce low-dimensional chaos.
Push-out bond strength of glass fiber posts luted with two resin cements

Objective. To evaluate the bond strength of a prefabricated glass fiber post to the root dentin with two resin cements using the push-out test. Material and Methods. Thirty fiber posts (White Post ECD) were cemented in human endodontically treated anterior teeth with two resin cements (n=15): Relyx TM ARC and AllCem. The roots were transversely sectioned and divided in cervical, middle and apical thirds after 48 h of cementation. The specimens' retention was tested by push-out method. The results were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test ( p <0.05). Results. There were no significant differences in the bond strength between the resin cements. The bond strength was higher in cervical third than in middle and apical thirds for both resin cements. It was observed higher percentages of adhesive failures followed by mixed. Conclusions. Both resin cements are indicated in the cementation of glass fiber post. Keywords Dental prosthesis; Post and core technique; Biomechanical phenomena.
Representations of Reductive Groups

Complex representations of reductive groups over different fields. [Course 80759-I changed the topic] Sundays 11.30-13.15 This course consists of two parts. In the first we will study representations of reductive groups over local non-archimedian fields [ such as Q p and F q ((s))]. In this part I'll closely follow the notes of the course of J.Bernstein. Moreover I'll often copy big chanks from these notes. In the second the representations of reductive groups over 2-dimensional local fields [ such as Q p ((s))]. In the first part we explain the basics of a) induction from parabolic and parahoric subgroups, b) Jacquet functors, c) cuspidal representations d) the second adjointness and e) Affine Hecke algebras. In the second we discuss the generalization these concepts to the case of representations of reductive groups over 2-dimensional local fields. Prerequisites. The familiarity with the following subjects will be helpful. a) P-adic numbers, [see first few chapters of the book " p-adic numbers , p-adic analysis, and zeta-functions " by N.Koblitz or sections 4-5 in the book " Number theory " of Borevich and Shafarevich]. b) Basics of the theory of split reductive groups G [Bruhat decomposition , Weyl groups, parabolic and Levi subgroups] of reductive groups, [ One who does not know this this theory can restrict oneself to the case when G = GL(n) when Bruhat decomposition= Gauss decomposition. ] c) Basics of the category theory: adjoint functors, Abelian categories. [ see the chapter 2 of book " Methods of homological algebra " 1
13C based proteinogenic amino acid (PAA) and metabolic flux ratio analysis of Lactococcus lactis reveals changes in pentose phosphate (PP) pathway in response to agitation and temperature related stresses

Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363 is an important starter culture for dairy fermentation. During industrial fermentations, L. lactis is constantly exposed to stresses that affect the growth and performance of the bacterium. Although the response of L. lactis to several stresses has been described, the adaptation mechanisms at the level of in vivo fluxes have seldom been described. To gain insights into cellular metabolism, 13C metabolic flux analysis and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to measure the flux ratios of active pathways in the central metabolism of L. lactis when subjected to three conditions varying in temperature (30°C, 37°C) and agitation (with and without agitation at 150 rpm). Collectively, the concentrations of proteinogenic amino acids (PAAs) and free fatty acids (FAAs) were compared, and Pearson correlation analysis (r) was calculated to measure the pairwise relationship between PAAs. Branched chain and aromatic amino acids, threonine, serine, lysine and histidine were correlated strongly, suggesting changes in flux regulation in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate (PP) pathway, malic enzyme and anaplerotic reaction catalysed by pyruvate carboxylase (pycA). Flux ratio analysis revealed that glucose was mainly converted by glycolysis, highlighting the stability of L. lactis’ central carbon metabolism despite different conditions. Higher flux ratios through oxaloacetate (OAA) from pyruvate (PYR) reaction in all conditions suggested the activation of pyruvate carboxylate (pycA) in L. lactis, in response to acid stress during exponential phase. Subsequently, more significant flux ratio differences were seen through the oxidative and non-oxidative pentose phosphate (PP) pathways, malic enzyme, and serine and C1 metabolism, suggesting NADPH requirements in response to environmental stimuli. These reactions could play an important role in optimization strategies for metabolic engineering in L. lactis. Overall, the integration of systematic analysis of amino acids and flux ratio analysis provides a systems-level understanding of how L. lactis regulates central metabolism under various conditions.
Three Thousand Seven Hundred Thirty-Eight Posttraumatic Pulmonary Emboli: A New Look At an Old Disease

Objective:This study was undertaken to determine the current incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) and its attributable mortality after injury. Background:Despite compliance with prophylactic measures, PE remains a threat to postinjury recovery. We hypothesized that the liberal use of chest computed tomography after injury has resulted in an increased rate of detection of PE but that the mortality attributable to PE has decreased over the past decade. We also postulated that the risk factors for posttraumatic PE might be different from those for deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Methods:We examined demographics, injury data, risk factors, and outcomes from patients with DVT and PE compiled in the recent years (2007–2009) in the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB). For comparison, we used patient data entered into NTDB from 1994 to 2001. Statistical models were created to examine the predictors of DVT and PE and PE-related mortality. Results:Among 888,652 patients in the current NTDB cohort, there were 9398 episodes of DVT (1.06%) and 3738 of PE (0.42%). Although many risk factors overlapped, a severe chest injury (Abbreviated Injury Score ≥ 3) conferred a much higher risk of PE than DVT. When comparing results from centers that had contributed to both data sets, there was a more than 2-fold increase in PE occurrence in the current cohort (0.49% vs 0.21%, P < 0.01) but with a significant reduction in PE-adjusted mortality (odds ratio, 4.08 vs 2.42). Conclusions:The reported incidence of PE after trauma has more than doubled in recent years, while the PE-associated mortality has significantly decreased, suggesting that we are identifying a different disease entity or stage. Chest injuries convey a substantial risk for PE, a risk not likely to be diminished by leg compression devices or vena cava filters.
Encapsulation of Bioactive Compounds (Monocaprin and Monolaurin) into Polymeric Nanoparticles

The dextran-covered poly (lactic acid) (PLA) polymeric nanoparticles were prepared by a nanoprecipitation process for the encapsulation of monocaprin (MC) or monolaurin (ML). The concentration of PLA/MC or ML was varied to evaluate the best condition for preparation. The miscibility of various PLA/MC or ML blends was studied using differential scanning calorimetry. The result showed that at concentrations of 50/50 wt/wt, the PLA/ML blend was partly miscible and the nanoparticle suspension produced large amounts of macroscopic aggregates after nanoprecipitation. Conversely, the miscibility of PLA/MC blends progressively increased with increasing amounts of PLA. Therefore, the best concentration to encapsulate the MC was the PLA/MC 90/10 (wt/wt), according to the miscibility results.
Multi-granularity hierarchical topic-based segmentation of structured, digital library resources

Purpose Current segmentation systems almost invariably focus on linear segmentation and can only divide text into linear sequences of segments. This suits cohesive text such as news feed but not coherent texts such as documents of a digital library which have hierarchical structures. To overcome the focus on linear segmentation in document segmentation and to realize the purpose of hierarchical segmentation for a digital library’s structured resources, this paper aimed to propose a new multi-granularity hierarchical topic-based segmentation system (MHTSS) to decide section breaks. Design/methodology/approach MHTSS adopts up-down segmentation strategy to divide a structured, digital library document into a document segmentation tree. Specifically, it works in a three-stage process, such as document parsing, coarse segmentation based on document access structures and fine-grained segmentation based on lexical cohesion. Findings This paper analyzed limitations of document segmentation methods for the structured, digital library resources. Authors found that the combination of document access structures and lexical cohesion techniques should complement each other and allow for a better segmentation of structured, digital library resources. Based on this finding, this paper proposed the MHTSS for the structured, digital library resources. To evaluate it, MHTSS was compared to the TT and C99 algorithms on real-world digital library corpora. Through comparison, it was found that the MHTSS achieves top overall performance. Practical implications With MHTSS, digital library users can get their relevant information directly in segments instead of receiving the whole document. This will improve retrieval performance as well as dramatically reduce information overload. Originality/value This paper proposed MHTSS for the structured, digital library resources, which combines the document access structures and lexical cohesion techniques to decide section breaks. With this system, end-users can access a document by sections through a document structure tree.
Evidence based medicine: does it make a difference?

Editor—The term “evidence based medicine” entered the scientific lexicon only a little more than a decade ago.1 What caused its remarkable spread, and what are the implications of its broad and rapid diffusion? ​diffusion? Figure 1 The team that coined the term at first considered using the phrase “scientific medicine” but rejected it because it implied that other approaches were by definition unscientific.2 However, critics have argued that the term evidence based medicine carries a similar moral valence and linguistic slipperiness.3 Who could argue against the notion of providing care that integrates individual clinical skill and the best external evidence? 4 Originally developed as a method for teaching medical residents, evidence based medicine is being applied ever more broadly to the organisation and delivery of medical services. Multiple stakeholders now seek to assume its mantle for purposes that often contradict its original intent. Managers, equating lack of evidence with lack of effectiveness, use it as a rationale for cutting services. Industry generates evidence of questionable quality to promote its products. Medical researchers come to believe that they hold a monopoly on generating and interpreting evidence. Evidence based medicine, developed as a means of taming the unscientific and messy world of clinical practice, has itself entered the unscientific and messy world of politics.5 Like any technology, evidence based medicine carries risks and benefits and can be used appropriately or inappropriately. Overly inclusive definitions threaten to deprive the term of meaning, and unchecked use increases the risk of misuse. In the past decade, evidence based medicine has contributed much to how we teach, deliver, and think about clinical services. In the coming decade, we must continue to ensure that it is not only used widely but wisely.
SETH1 and SETH2, Two Components of the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor Biosynthetic Pathway, Are Required for Pollen Germination and Tube Growth in Arabidopsis Online version contains Web-only data. Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring provides an alternative to transmembrane domains for anchoring proteins to the cell surface in eukaryotes. GPI anchors are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum via the sequential addition of monosaccharides, fatty acids, and phosphoethanolamines to phosphatidylinositol. Deficiencies in GPI biosynthesis lead to embryonic lethality in animals and to conditional lethality in eukaryotic microbes by blocking cell growth, cell division, or morphogenesis. We report the genetic and phenotypic analysis of insertional mutations disrupting SETH1 and SETH2, which encode Arabidopsis homologs of two conserved proteins involved in the first step of the GPI biosynthetic pathway. seth1 and seth2 mutations specifically block male transmission and pollen function. This results from reduced pollen germination and tube growth, which are associated with abnormal callose deposition. This finding suggests an essential role for GPI anchor biosynthesis in pollen tube wall deposition or metabolism. Using transcriptomic and proteomic approaches, we identified 47 genes that encode potential GPI-anchored proteins that are expressed in pollen and demonstrated that at least 11 of these proteins are associated with pollen membranes by GPI anchoring. Many of the identified candidate proteins are homologous with proteins involved in cell wall synthesis and remodeling or intercellular signaling and adhesion, and they likely play important roles in the establishment and maintenance of polarized pollen tube growth.
Effects of a synthetic jet acting on a separated flow over a hump

The effects of an oscillatory zero-net-mass-flux jet (i.e. synthetic jet) acting on a separated flow over a hump are investigated in terms of two actuation parameters – actuator position and forcing frequency. By considering the vorticity flux balance and introducing a centroid of vorticity production over the hump surface, lift and drag acting on the hump can be expressed as a function of this centroid and the rate of vorticity production. To study the parametric dependence of lift and drag, direct numerical simulation (DNS) is performed by solving compressible, unsteady, laminar flows over a half-cylindrical hump in two dimensions. The DNS results show that periodic actuation significantly reduces the rate of vorticity production at the wall and shifts the centroid upstream so that the drag is reduced and the lift is increased, respectively. When the actuation parameters are varied, it is found that the lift is governed by the horizontal coordinate of the vorticity-production centroid, while the drag is determined by both the vertical coordinate of the centroid and the rate of vorticity production over the hump. This paper explains by using ideal flow models that the vorticity-production centroid is controlled by two factors: one is the actuator position at which clockwise vorticity is generated, and the other is the point where the separation vortex is pinched off, thereby the clockwise vorticity being absorbed.
Misconceptions About Real-Time Databases

Increasingly, computer systems-even general purpose systems-are requiring real time support, so it's not surprising to hear more about real time databases. Unfortunately, there are many misconceptions about the real time aspects of databases. Mainstream database users who don't have any experience with real time systems mistakenly think they are synonymous with speed. Others argue that conventional database technology can be used in real time applications. To help bring order to the current state of confusion, the authors review nine common misconceptions about real time databases. They also describe key research areas that need to be addressed to encourage increased activity in this challenging area.
Toxicity in relation to mode of action for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans: Acute‐to‐chronic ratios and quantitative structure–activity relationships

Acute‐to‐chronic ratios (ACRs) and quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) are of particular interest in chemical risk assessment. Previous studies focusing on the relationship between the size or variation of ACRs to substance classes and QSAR models were often based on data for standard test organisms, such as daphnids and fish. In the present study, acute and chronic toxicity tests were performed with the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans for a total of 11 chemicals covering 3 substance classes (nonpolar narcotics: 1‐propanol, ethanol, methanol, 2‐butoxyethanol; metals: copper, cadmium, zinc; and carbamates: methomyl, oxamyl, aldicarb, dioxacarb). The ACRs were variable, especially for the carbamates and metals, although there was a trend toward small and less variable ACRs for nonpolar narcotic substances. The octanol–water partition coefficient was a good predictor for explaining acute and chronic toxicity of nonpolar narcotic substances to C. elegans, but not for carbamates. Metal toxicity could be related to the covalent index χm2r . Overall, the results support earlier results from ACR and QSAR studies with standard freshwater test animals. As such C. elegans as a representative of small soil/sediment invertebrates would probably be protected by risk assessment strategies already in use. To increase the predictive power of ACRs and QSARs, further research should be expanded to other species and compounds and should also consider the target sites and toxicokinetics of chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2347–2353. © 2015 SETAC