Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impulsive Noise Mitigation in Underwater Acoustic OFDM Systems

Mitigation of impulsive noise has been extensively studied in wireline, wireless radio, and powerline communication systems. However, its study in underwater acoustic (UWA) systems is quite limited. This paper considers impulsive noise mitigation for underwater orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, where the system performance is severely impacted by the channel Doppler effect. We propose a practical approach based on a least squares formulation: First, the positions of impulsive noise are determined in the time domain based on the signal amplitude, and second, impulsive noise samples are jointly estimated with the Doppler shift based on the measurements of the OFDM null subcarriers. Based on the available channel estimate and tentative data symbol decisions, an iterative receiver is further developed. Data sets have been acquired in a recent sea experiment near Kaohsiung city, Taiwan, in May 2013. Performance results based on extensive simulations and collected data sets demonstrate that the proposed receivers effectively mitigate impulsive noise for UWA OFDM systems.
Femoral Lengthening over an Intramedullary Nail. A Matched-Case Comparison with Ilizarov Femoral Lengthening*

Twenty-nine patients (thirty-two femora) had femoral lengthening over an intramedullary nail, with the nail and the external fixator applied concomitantly at the time of the femoral osteotomy. After gradual distraction at a rate of one millimeter per day, the nail was locked and the fixator was removed. The mean age was twenty-six years (range, ten to fifty-three years), and the mean amount of lengthening was 5.8 centimeters (range, two to thirteen centimeters). For comparison, thirty-one patients (thirty-two limbs) who had had standard Ilizarov femoral lengthening were matched with the group that had had lengthening over an intramedullary nail; the matching was performed on the basis of the amount of lengthening, the age of the patient, the etiology of the indication for lengthening, and the level of difficulty of the procedure. Lengthening over an intramedullary nail reduced the average duration of external fixation by almost one-half. The radiographic consolidation index (the number of months needed for radiographic consolidation for each centimeter of lengthening) for the limbs that had had lengthening over an intramedullary nail was reduced significantly (p < 0.001) compared with that for the matched-case group. The range of motion of the knee returned to normal a mean of 2.2 times faster in the group that had had lengthening over an intramedullary nail. There were six refractures of the distraction bone in the matched-case group. In the group that had had lengthening over an intramedullary nail, one nail and one proximal locking screw failed. The over-all rate of complications was 1.4 per cent in the group that had had lengthening over an intramedullary nail compared with 1.9 per cent in the matched-case group. With the numbers of patients available for study, we could not detect a significant difference between the groups with respect to the operative time (p = 0.124); however, the cost of treatment and the estimated blood loss were higher in the group that had had lengthening over an intramedullary nail. On the basis of clinical and radiographic criteria, there were twenty-three excellent, seven good, and two fair results in the group that had had lengthening over an intramedullary nail compared with twenty-six excellent, four good, and two fair results in the matched-case group (p = 0.37). The advantages of lengthening over an intramedullary nail include a decrease in the duration of external fixation, protection against refracture, and earlier rehabilitation.
Traps at the Interface of 3C-SiC/SiO2-MOS-Structures

Conductance method and admittance spectroscopy are employed to monitor t raps at the interface of differently processed 3Cand 4H-SiC/SiO 2 MOS capacitors. It is demonstrated that oxidation of 3C-SiC under NO-ambient leads to low values of the densi ty of interface states in the entire SiC band gap.
Visualization and Human Factors in Electric Power System Operation

Optimal and effective operation of a large power system requires analysis of a huge amount of information by the system operators. In a large power system, it is a challenge to present the vast amount of data in a way, which assists the operators in assessing the state of the system and responding expeditiously. Restructuring of the power sector worldwide, the advent of new market mechanisms and the need to analyze various parameters and available security margins has made this challenge all the more formidable. These challenges are a prime mover for the continuous improvement and evolution of new visualization techniques. Effective visualization methods, techniques and tools are key to empowering the system operator and facilitating quick operator response under critical conditions. Internet and the development of new IT tools have added a new dimension for the power system operator. Analysis in real time and drill-downs into the data are required by the operator for a detailed investigation. Effective power system visualization capability is a strong motivating factor for the operator for improving his response and productivity. This paper describes the visualization methods, tools and techniques implemented and used by the Indian power system operator. Classical displays including single line diagrams, tabular displays, load curves, bar charts, pie charts, tie line interconnection diagrams, etc. have been discussed. New methods used more recently like multi-layered displays, macro visualization of a parameter over longer duration using zooming and panning, 3-D presentations, contours, data leveling, animation etc. and future methods such as GIS Maps are discussed. The human aspects and the ability of operators to comprehend and respond to the information presented to them in various formats are also discussed.
Regional angiogenesis induced in nonischemic tissue by an adenoviral vector expressing vascular endothelial growth factor.

The feasibility of a single administration of a replication-deficient adenovirus (Ad) vector encoding the cDNA for human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (AdCMV.VEGF) to induce neovascularization in vivo in normal tissue was evaluated in retroperitoneal adipose tissue. Following administration of AdCMV.VEGF (10(9) pfu/50 microliters), maximal VEGF cDNA expression was observed at 2-5 days in the injected adipose tissue. No VEGF protein was detected at > or = 10 days in injected adipose tissue, and there was no increase in serum VEGF levels at any time. In vivo quantification of the number of blood vessels using 30x visualization of the adipose tissue demonstrated an increase in vessel number by 10 days, plateauing by 30 days with a 123% increase in vessel number compared to the control vector AdCMV.Null, despite the fact that no VEGF protein was detected after 5 days. Consistent with the in vivo data, histologic quantification of capillary number demonstrated an increase by day 5, reaching a 38% increase over AdCMV.Null by day 30. These observations demonstrate that an Ad vector carrying the VEGF cDNA is capable of inducing the growth of new blood vessels in a regional fashion in a relatively avascular, normal organ. This suggests in vivo Ad-mediated gene transfer may be useful for therapeutic angiogenesis in the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular disease.
Sport activities differentiating match-play improvement in elite youth footballers – a 2-year longitudinal study

ABSTRACT This study examined contributions of different types of sport activities to the development of elite youth soccer performance. Match-play performance of 44 German male players was assessed by expert coaches twice, 24 months apart (age 11.1–13.1 years), based on videotaped 5v5 matches. Player pairs were matched by identical age and initial performance at t1. Each player was assigned to a group of either “Strong” or “Weak Responders” based on a higher or lower subsequent performance improvement at t2 within each pair (mean Δperformance 29% vs. 7%). A questionnaire recorded current and earlier amounts of organised practice/training and non-organised sporting play, in soccer and other sports, respectively. Group comparison revealed that “Strong Responders” accumulated more non-organised soccer play and organised practice/training in other sports, but not more organised soccer practice/training. Subsequent multivariate analyses (multiple linear regression analyses (MLR)) highlighted that higher resultant match-play performance at t2 was accounted for R2adj = 0.65 by performance at t1, together with more non-organised soccer play and organised engagement in other sports, respectively, and greater current, but less earlier volume of organised soccer. The findings suggest that variable early sporting experience facilitates subsequent soccer performance development in German elite youth footballers.
WHAT IS WILD ?

" In the Wild " virus detection is part of the criteria of National Computer Security Association (NCSA) Anti-virus Product Certification, SECURE COMPUTING Checkmark Certification, the proposed UK IT Security Evaluation and Certification (ITSEC) anti-virus product certification and other product review and evaluation schemes. However, companies which use " certified " products, based on " In the Wild " (ITW) detection continue to suffer the effects of viruses. This paper considers the various definitions of " In the Wild " , as well as how well the " In the Wild " criteria as defined by the individual testing organizations measure the ability of products to deliver adequate protection. Inherent problems with such approaches are discussed from both a development and user perspective. Some alternative testing, development and protection strategies are offered. Introduction There are currently over 10,000 computer viruses in existence. Most of these have little likelihood of spreading and exist only in collections; they are known as " Zoo " viruses. Even an anti-virus virus researcher would be hard pressed to list a significant percentage of these viruses, let alone provide detailed information on how they operate. Most users have only even heard of a handful of them. Yet when a virus is encountered within a company, it is usually the case that a call to an anti-virus vendor, or a search through a virus encyclopedia will provide further information on that particular virus. This is because vendors, researchers and testers have begun to focus their attention on those viruses " In the Wild ". The concept of " In the Wild " is an important one. Tests of anti-virus software have, until recently, focused on Zoo detection figures. These tests did not necessarily measure the ability of a product to meet the real world threat [1]. Consider two products tested against a corpus of infected files: by simply measuring which product detects more infected samples, we would be given no information concerning how well the product detects and repairs those viruses which are known to pose an active threat to a real world PC. A meaningful test of the efficacy of a product would be to measure the product's ability to detect and remove those viruses that the user is likely to encounter: that is, those viruses that are " In the Wild " .
Linguistic Issues in Language Technology Lilt Analyzing Parser Errors to Improve Parsing Accuracy and to Inform Treebanking Decisions Analyzing Parser Errors to Improve Parsing Accuracy and to Inform Treebanking Decisions

1 We present a detailed error analysis of a transition-based dependency parser trained on a Hindi dependency treebank. Parser error analysis has not been systematically examined from the point of view of tree-banking before and this work intends to contribute in this area. We address two main questions in this paper: 1. Can the parsing of certain structures be made easier by using alternative analyses for these structures? 2. Are there certain linguistic cues implicit (or missing) in the current treebank that can be made explicit (or added) in order to make the parsing of complex constructions easier? These questions will guide us in examining the potential benets of parser error analysis during treebanking. Through our experiments and analysis we were able to shed light on the causes of errors and subsequently have been able to improve the performance of the parser.
Bionic eye system based on fuzzy adaptive PID control

The core of building bionic eye system is to imitate the function of human eye neural circuit so as to design the corresponding control strategy. In this paper, fuzzy adaptive PID control method is adopted to realize the function similar to vestibular nucleus'. Besides, the transfer function of controlled object is established according to medical research so as to determine the variation range of PID parameters in MATLAB environment. In the end, this control strategy is applied to the real bionic eye system based on the spherical parallel mechanism and plenty of experiments are conducted which show quick-response performance and robustness of the control system that conforms to human eye motion control mechanism.
Novel LMI-based stability conditions for interval Type-2 T-S fuzzy logic control systems

This paper presents novel LMI-based stability conditions for interval Type-2 Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy logic control systems (IT2 T-S FLCSs). The IT2 T-S FLCSs are composed of an IT2 T-S fuzzy model and IT2 fuzzy controllers. The IT2 T-S fuzzy model could endure model uncertainty contrast to the traditional T-S fuzzy model. In this paper, a new theorem is offered to guarantee that the IT2 T-S FLCS represented a nonlinear plant with uncertainty is globally asymptotically stable. The IT2 T-S fuzzy controllers can be designed by using linear matrix inequality based (LMI-based) stability conditions for the IT2 T-S FLCS in the theorem. The Lyapunov function is applied to deduce these LMI-based robust stability conditions which could be numerically answered employing the Matlab LMI Toolbox. Computer simulation results demonstrate that the submitted LMI-based IT2 T-S fuzzy controllers have better performance than the traditional LMI-based T-S fuzzy controllers.
Toward Memory-based Translation

An essential problem of example-based translation is how to utilize more than one translation example for translating one source sentence.This paper proposes a method to solve this problem. We introduce the representation, called matching expression, which represents the combination of fragments of translation examples. The translation process consists of three steps: (1) Make the source matching expression from the source sentence. (2) Transfer the source matching expression into the target matching expression. (3) Construct the target sentence from the target matching expression.This mechanism generates some candidates of translation. To select the best translation out of them, we define the score of a translation.
Interobserver and Intraobserver Agreement of Sonographic BIRADS Lexicon in the Assessment of Breast Masses

Background BI-RADS was first developed in 1993 for mammography and in 2003 it was redesigned for ultrasonography (US). If the observer agreement is high, the method used in the classification of lesion would be reproducible. Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the inter- and intraobserver agreement of sonographic BI-RADS lexicon in the categorization and feature characterization of nonpalpable breast lesions. Patients and Methods We included 223 patients with 245 nonpalpable breast lesions who underwent ultrasound-guided wire needle localization. Two radiologists retrospectively described each lesion using sonographic BI-RADS descriptors and final assessment. The observers were blinded to mammographic images, medical history and pathologic results. Inter- and intraobserver agreement was assessed using Kappa (κ) agreement coefficient. Results The interobserver agreement for sonographic descriptors changed between fair and substantial. The highest agreement was detected for mass orientation (κ=0.66). The lowest agreement was found in the margin (κ=0.33). The interobserver agreement for BI-RADS final category was found as fair (κ=0.35). The intraobserver agreement for sonographic descriptors changed between substantial and almost perfect. The intraobserver agreement of BI-RADS result category was found as substantial for observer 1 (κ=0.64) and excellent for observer 2 (κ=0.83). Conclusion Our results demonstrated that each observer was self-consistent in interpreting US BI-RADS classification, while interobserver agreement was relatively poor. Although it has been ten years since the description of sonographic BI-RADS lexicon, further training and periodic performance evaluations would probably help to achieve better agreement among radiologists.
A Meta‐Analysis of Trabecular Bone Score in Fracture Risk Prediction and Its Relationship to FRAX

Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a gray‐level textural index of bone microarchitecture derived from lumbar spine dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) images. TBS is a bone mineral density (BMD)‐independent predictor of fracture risk. The objective of this meta‐analysis was to determine whether TBS predicted fracture risk independently of FRAX probability and to examine their combined performance by adjusting the FRAX probability for TBS. We utilized individual‐level data from 17,809 men and women in 14 prospective population‐based cohorts. Baseline evaluation included TBS and the FRAX risk variables, and outcomes during follow‐up (mean 6.7 years) comprised major osteoporotic fractures. The association between TBS, FRAX probabilities, and the risk of fracture was examined using an extension of the Poisson regression model in each cohort and for each sex and expressed as the gradient of risk (GR; hazard ratio per 1 SD change in risk variable in direction of increased risk). FRAX probabilities were adjusted for TBS using an adjustment factor derived from an independent cohort (the Manitoba Bone Density Cohort). Overall, the GR of TBS for major osteoporotic fracture was 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35–1.53) when adjusted for age and time since baseline and was similar in men and women (p > 0.10). When additionally adjusted for FRAX 10‐year probability of major osteoporotic fracture, TBS remained a significant, independent predictor for fracture (GR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.24–1.41). The adjustment of FRAX probability for TBS resulted in a small increase in the GR (1.76, 95% CI 1.65–1.87 versus 1.70, 95% CI 1.60–1.81). A smaller change in GR for hip fracture was observed (FRAX hip fracture probability GR 2.25 vs. 2.22). TBS is a significant predictor of fracture risk independently of FRAX. The findings support the use of TBS as a potential adjustment for FRAX probability, though the impact of the adjustment remains to be determined in the context of clinical assessment guidelines. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
An Ordering of Terms Based on Semantic Relatedness

Term selection methods typically employ a statistical measure to filter or weight terms. Term expansion for IR may also depend on statistics, or use some other, non-metric method based on a lexical resource. At the same time, a wide range of semantic similarity measures have been developed to support natural language processing tasks such as word sense disambiguation. This paper combines the two approaches and proposes an algorithm that provides a semantic order of terms based on a semantic relatedness measure. This semantic order can be exploited by term weighting and term expansion methods.
Association of arginine vasopressin and arterial blood pressure in a population-based sample.

BACKGROUND The role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the development and maintenance of arterial hypertension is controversial. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether chronic treatment with antihypertensive agents modulates levels of AVP, with potential secondary effects on vascular tone and fluid homeostasis. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation between plasma AVP and arterial blood pressure in a population-based sample of 534 middle-aged subjects. RESULTS Overall, levels of AVP were higher in hypertensive subjects (2.15 +/- 0.26 pg/ml; n = 289) than in normotensive subjects (1.45 +/- 0.15 pg/ml; n = 245; P < 0.05). (Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure > 160 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure > 95 mmHg, or receiving antihypertensive medication.) In untreated individuals, plasma levels of AVP were found to be correlated with both systolic (r = 0.15, P = 0.002) and diastolic (r = 0.14, P = 0.005) blood pressure. The differences between the lowest and highest quartile of AVP levels were 5.1 mmHg (P = 0.03) and 2.6 mmHg (NS) for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively, after adjustment for age and sex. Moreover, it appeared that the relation between AVP and blood pressure was particularly strong in subjects with low levels of renin (< 10 mU/l; n = 118; systolic blood pressure r = 0.24, P = 0.007; diastolic blood pressure r = 0.19, P = 0.03). Specifically, patients receiving monotherapy with diuretics (n = 39) or beta-blockers (n = 54) displayed elevated plasma levels of AVP (2.93 +/- 0.98 pg/ml and 2.74 +/- 0.74 pg/ml respectively); however, only in patients taking diuretics was this finding apparently independent of confounding variables. Other monotherapies with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (n = 9) or Ca(2+)-antagonists (n = 19) were not associated with levels of AVP. CONCLUSION The data suggest that plasma levels of AVP display a discernible relationship with arterial blood pressure and hypertension, particularly when renin levels are low. In addition, with the exception of diuretics, no modulation of AVP levels is attributable to the intake of antihypertensive agents as it occurs in a population-based sample.
A robotic system for monitoring carp in Minnesota lakes

Robotic sensor networks (RSNs) find increasing use in environmental monitoring as they can collect data from obscure, hard‐to‐reach places over long periods of time. This work reports progress in building a network of small, lightweight robotic rafts that will be used to monitor common carp tagged with radio transmitters across Minnesota lakes. We describe the design and architecture of the robotic raft and demonstrate the robustness of our waypoint navigation algorithm through field tests conducted in various lakes. We also present results from experiments aimed at localizing tagged fish. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.