Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Analysis for CPS Physical Entities Based on Spatio-Temporal Petri Net

CPS is a kind of multidimensional complex system fused with computing system, physical environment and network environment. CPS achieves the target of real-time perception and dynamic control of physical environment by the organic integration of 3C operations and depth of their cooperation. However, CPS also faces enormous challenges. Since CPS is a kind of large, heterogeneous, distributed and real-time feedback system which is integrated with multiple heterogeneous subsystem via the network, its system complexity is above the general information system. And the introduction of physical entities control system brings tremendous difficulties to development as well as its system complexity. This paper conducts a detailed analysis of the characteristics of the physical aspects of CPS and studies CPS’s physical entities of the properties and their location changes process in-depth. Then we propose a formal modeling method of physical entities in CPS by constructing a Spatial-Temporal Petri net model introducing space factor into the traditional Timed Petri net, which not only able to describe logical and time-level the behavior of physical entities, but also the changes of state caused by the position change of the physical entity. At last an example of robot control system proves the effectiveness of spatial and temporal Petri net models.
Pattern Definitions and Semantically Annotated Instances

Ontology design patterns are normally instantiated by replicating and adapting the pattern concepts and roles. The relation between pattern definitions and their instantiations is documented in natural language. The use of parametric ontologies or pattern-reuse modifications to OWL-DL has been suggested before, but so far only practical aspects have been analysed, leaving the formal semantics of these extensions as future work. In this work we present formal definitions for ontology pattern and pattern instantiations, together with the semantics of instantiation. We propose the use of semantic annotations to describe and generate OWL pattern instantiations, without the need for explicit ontology replication, and provide tools to support this process.
Sialic Acid Species as a Determinant of the Host Range of Influenza A Viruses

ABSTRACT The distribution of sialic acid (SA) species varies among animal species, but the biological role of this variation is largely unknown. Influenza viruses differ in their ability to recognize SA-galactose (Gal) linkages, depending on the animal hosts from which they are isolated. For example, human viruses preferentially recognize SA linked to Gal by the α2,6(SAα2,6Gal) linkage, while equine viruses favor SAα2,3Gal. However, whether a difference in relative abundance of specific SA species (N-acetylneuraminic acid [NeuAc] andN-glycolylneuraminic acid [NeuGc]) among different animals affects the replicative potential of influenza viruses is uncertain. We therefore examined the requirement for the hemagglutinin (HA) for support of viral replication in horses, using viruses whose HAs differ in receptor specificity. A virus with an HA recognizing NeuAcα2,6Gal but not NeuAcα2,3Gal or NeuGcα2,3Gal failed to replicate in horses, while one with an HA recognizing the NeuGcα2,3Gal moiety replicated in horses. Furthermore, biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses and a lectin-binding assay demonstrated the abundance of the NeuGcα2,3Gal moiety in epithelial cells of horse trachea, indicating that recognition of this moiety is critical for viral replication in horses. Thus, these results provide evidence of a biological effect of different SA species in different animals.
Adaptive mechanisms and policies for managing cache hierarchies in chip multiprocessors

With the ability to place large numbers of transistors on a single silicon chip, manufacturers have begun developing chip multiprocessors (CMPs) containing multiple processor cores, varying amounts of level 1 and level 2 caching, and on-chip directory structures for level 3 caches and memory. The level 3 cache may be used as a victim cache for both modified and clean lines evicted from on-chip level 2 caches. Efficient area and performance management of this cache hierarchy is paramount given the projected increase in access latency to off-chip memory. This paper proposes simple architectural extensions and adaptive policies for managing the L2 and L3 cache hierarchy in a CMP system. In particular, we evaluate two mechanisms that improve cache effectiveness. First, we propose the use of a small history table to provide hints to the L2 caches as to which lines are resident in the L3 cache. We employ this table to eliminate some unnecessary clean write backs to the L3 cache, reducing pressure on the L3 cache and utilization of the on-chip bus. Second, we exam-ine the performance benefits of allowing write backs from L2 caches to be placed in neighboring, on-chip L2 caches rather than forcing them to be absorbed by the L3 cache. This not only reduces the capacity pressure on the L3 cache but also makes subsequent accesses faster since L2-W-L2 cache transfers have typically lower latencies than accesses to a large L3 cache array. We evaluate the performance improvement of these two designs, and their combined effect, on four commercial workloads and observe a reduction in the overall execution time of up to 13%.
Contribution to the evaluation and preservation of 'Araucano Criollo' horse in Colombia

This study aimed to make a contribution to the evaluation and preservation of 'Araucano criollo' horse. For this purpose, 27 males belonging to two farms of the municipality of Arauca, Colombia, located at a height of 128 m.s.n.m were analyzed. Animals had an age and estimated average weight of 6.7±1.4 years, 321.2±39.4 kg, respectively. Body measurements were individually taken with balance, tape and equinometric rule: chest circumference, cannon circumference, longitudinal diameter, back-sternal diameter, withers height, bicostal diameter, head length, head width, length of skull, width of skull, face length, face width, croup height, rump length, rump width and elevation of the tail. Coefficients of variation were used to determine uniformity and Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine harmonicity. From obtained results, it can be concluded that 'Criollo Araucano' horse is uniform but rather disharmonic.
Template Matching Method for Vertebra Region Selection

Efficient content-based image retrieval of biomedical images is a challenging problem of growing research interest. This paper describes how X-ray images of the spinal columns are analysed in order to extract each vertebra region. We aim at developing a computer vision tool able to determine a global polygonal region for each vertebra. This is an essential first pre-processing and image segmentation step used for efficient contour vertebra detection. We suggest an application of the proposed method which consists on an evaluation of vertebrae motion induced by their movement between two or several positions
Distribution of big tau in the central nervous system of the adult and developing rat

The diversity of neuronal morphology and function is correlated with specific expression of various microtubule associated proteins (MAPs). One of the major neuronal MAPs, tau, has multiple isoforms formed as a result of alternative splicing and phosphorylation that are differentially expressed during development. Big tau is a high molecular weight isoform that contains an additional large exon (4a) and is expressed primarily by neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). We cloned the complete 4a exon in an expression vector, isolated the recombinant protein and produced antibodies specific to Big tau that were used to localize Big tau in the developing spinal cord and in the adult central nervous system (CNS). In developing spinal cord, Big tau is first expressed in the central projections of the dorsal root ganglia neurons and in motor neurons at embryonic day 18 and postnatal day 2, respectively. In the adult rat CNS, almost all neurons that extend processes into the PNS express Big tau, including all cranial nerve motor nuclei and central processes of most sensory ganglia; of these ganglia, only the bipolar neurons of the olfactory, Vestibular and spiral ganglia did not express Big tau. Retinal ganglion cells are the only CNS neurons, whose processes remain entirely within the CNS, that express high levels of Big tau. The limited and specific distribution of Big tau is consistent with a role in stabilizing microtubules in axons that are subjected to great shear forces. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Speaker segmentation and clustering in meetings

This paper describes the issue of automatic speaker segmentation and clustering for natural, multi-speaker meeting conversations. Two systems were developed and evaluated in the NIST RT-04S Meeting Recognition Evaluation, the Multiple Distant Microphone (MDM) system and the Individual Headset Microphone (IHM) system. The MDM system achieved a speaker diarization performance of 28.17%. This system also aims to provide automatic speech segments and speaker grouping information for speech recognition, a necessary prerequisite for subsequent audio processing. A 44.5% word error rate was achieved for speech recognition. The IHM system is based on the short-time crosscorrelation of all personal channel pairs. It requires no prior training and executes in one fifth real time on modern architectures. A 35.7% word error rate was achieved for speech recognition when segmentation was provided by this system.
Aggregating and Sampling Methods for Processing GPS Data Streams for Traffic State Estimation

Because of significant improvements in cost, accuracy, and coverage over dedicated traffic infrastructures, GPS-enabled mobile devices are preferred for continuous collection of traffic data. Estimating traffic states accurately from the obtained GPS data streams has great potential to increase efficiency of the existing traffic systems and to help reduce commuting time and fuel consumption. In this paper, first we propose a novel method to reasonably process GPS data by increasing weights of recent records and high velocity, rather than employing the current two extreme and popular approaches: the naive method aggregating all records with equal weights and the sliding-window (SW) sampling method preserving only the most recent records. Then, in line with the existing works, the proposed weighted approach is explored in two ways: aggregate-based and sampling-based ways. The aggregate-based way is classical but somewhat specific to the particular goal of traffic state estimation, whereas the sampling-based way is somewhat complicated but provides a universal set of samples for performing a variety of analyses. In the sampling-based way, a heuristic method is proposed to accurately estimate traffic states using preserved samples. Both ways are leveraged to evaluate performance of the novel weighed method and the heuristic method for estimating traffic states using samples. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of these methods is experimentally validated using a field-experiment data set (Mobile Century) and three simulated data sets.
DATA PREPARATION FOR MINING COMPLEX PATTERNS IN LARGE SPATIAL DATABASES TECHNICAL REPORT 576

The aim of the thesis is to design an efficient algorithm for data preparation in large spatial databases for the purpose of data mining. With respect to finding complex spatial patterns, the raw data needs to be in the form converted into a set of cliques. In our case the raw data was a 1% sample from the Sloane Digital Sky Survey database which contains 818 Gigabytes of astronomical information. The following steps are required to extract cliques from the raw data: (1) The three-dimensional spatial coordinate of each galaxy was computed using a combination of information given in the database and Hubble's law. The set of galaxies were represented as a graph where the nodes are the galaxies and edges represent the distance between them. (2) A new heuristic based on the divide and conquer strategy was designed to efficiently extract all the maximal cliques from the graph. The full general problem of extracting a maximal clique from a graph is known to be NP-Hard. The proposed algorithm (GridClique) was compared with a naïve brute force approach to benchmark its efficiency. We demonstrate that GridClique performs 80% more efficiently than the Naïve approach on the SDSS data.
Remaining useful life estimation based on gamma process considered with measurement error

For high reliability and long life components and systems, remaining useful life (RUL) estimation is the key of the prognostics and health management (PHM). RUL is important to verify reliability of components, and set a condition-based maintenance policy. With degradation data, RUL is able to be computed. For most products, degradation theoretically is a monotonically decreasing process. Because degrading process is an irreversible process for most components that they can only cumulate damage but not cure themselves. However, the actual degrading process described by the online monitoring data is usually not strictly monotonie. In most cases, the performance parameters are detected degrading with fluctuation in a little interval. Base on these facts, this paper proposes the monitored degrading process with fluctuation be made of a gamma process combined with random measurement error. A gamma process is utilized to model degrading process for its monotonicity. The measurement error is an inevitable error that no matter how accurate the measuring equipment is, the measurement result always deviates from the true value. In most cases, the measurement error fits normal distribution, whose mean and variance are related to the accuracy of the measuring equipment. With the approach proposed in this paper, the gamma process is able to fit the real degrading process and prognosticate life without measurement error. The method of moments is utilized to estimate model parameters. At last, a numerical example is used to illustrate the modeling method of utilizing a gamma process combined with random measurement error. The prognosticating result shows that the approach considered measurement error can give a shorter interval of prognosticating lifetime than the classical gamma process.
Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) Material, Structural, and Durability Performance

24.1 Historical Development . 24-1 24.2 General Characteristics . 24-4 The Family of ECC Materials • Tensile Characteristics • ECC Material Design Considerations • Compressive and Flexural Characteristics 24.3 Mixture Proportioning, Material Processing, and Quality Control.24-8 24.4 Behavior of ECC Structural Elements . 24-12 Structural Response of R/ECC Elements • Insights from R/ECC Element Response 24.5 Durability of ECC and ECC Structural Elements . 24-24 Material and Element Durability • ECC Durability under Various Environments • Durability of R/ECC • Long-Term Performance 24.6 Concluding Remarks.24-37 Acknowledgments.24-40 References . 24-40
Principles of protein-protein interactions

In the postgenomic era, one of the most interesting and important challenges is to understand protein interactions on a large scale. The physical interactions between protein domains are fundamental to the workings of a cell: in multi-domain polypeptide chains, in multi-subunit proteins and in transient complexes between proteins that also exist independently. Thus experimental investigation of protein-protein interactions has been extensive, including recent large-scale screens using mass spectrometry. The role of computational research on protein-protein interactions encompasses not only prediction, but also understanding the nature of the interactions and their three-dimensional structures. I will discuss properties such as sequence conservation and co-regulation of genes and proteins involved in different types of physical interactions. Given that all proteins consist of their evolutionary units, the domains, all interactions occur between these domains. The interactions between domains belonging to different protein families will be the second topic of my talk.
DNA double strand breaks do not play a role in heat-induced cell killing.

To the Editor: In their recent article, Takahashi et al. ( [1][1]) suggest that heat-induced DNA double strand breaks contribute to heat-induced cell killing because heat treatment induces histone γH2AX-containing foci. Such foci have been associated with double strand breaks induced by ionizing
Overlapping Speech Detection Using Long-Term Conversational Features for Speaker Diarization in Meeting Room Conversations

Overlapping speech has been identified as one of the main sources of errors in diarization of meeting room conversations. Therefore, overlap detection has become an important step prior to speaker diarization. Studies on conversational analysis have shown that overlapping speech is more likely to occur at specific parts of a conversation. They have also shown that overlap occurrence is correlated with various conversational features such as speech, silence patterns and speaker turn changes. We use features capturing this higher level information from structure of a conversation such as silence and speaker change statistics to improve acoustic feature based classifier of overlapping and single-speaker speech classes. The silence and speaker change statistics are computed over a long-term window (around 3-4 seconds) and are used to predict the probability of overlap in the window. These estimates are then incorporated into a acoustic feature based classifier as prior probabilities of the classes. Experiments conducted on three corpora (AMI, NIST-RT and ICSI) have shown that the proposed method improves the performance of acoustic feature-based overlap detector on all the corpora. They also reveal that the model based on long-term conversational features used to estimate probability of overlap which is learned from AMI corpus generalizes to meetings from other corpora (NIST-RT and ICSI). Moreover, experiments on ICSI corpus reveal that the proposed method also improves laughter overlap detection. Consequently, applying overlap handling techniques to speaker diarization using the detected overlap results in reduction of diarization error rate (DER) on all the three corpora.
Gatifloxacin Interference with Opiate Urine Drug Screen

A 48‐year‐old man participating in a residential treatment program was treated with gatifloxacin for a urinary tract infection. While taking the antibiotic, two urine screens were positive for opiates; results of previous urine opiate screens had been negative. Confirmatory tests using a different assay method, however, gave negative results for opiates. Two weeks after completing gatifloxacin therapy, the patient's urine screen was negative for opiates. Application of the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale indicated that gatifloxacin probably was associated with this patient's positive urine opiate screen. Fluoroquinolones as a class are among several compounds that have demonstrated a propensity to cross‐react with enzyme immunoassay urine drug screens for opiates. Occurrence of cross‐reactivity appears to vary among individual assays. The mechanism by which fluoroquinolones cross‐react with the immunoassay is unknown. False‐positive results could have negative effects on patient care, and ramifications of a positive drug screen include possible dismissal from a substance abuse treatment program. Confirmatory analysis using a different assay method is therefore necessary to verify the presence of the target drug.
Innovative Usage of Accessory Auricles as Full-thickness Skin Graft

Accessory auricles are relatively rare malformations arising from the first branchial arch which contains skin, fat and cartilage. The treatment is usually surgical removal for the cosmetic purpose. We are sharing our experience of utilising the accessory auricle skin as full thickness graft for post.burn reconstruction of the fingers contracture of a child. Even though this type of association is rare, it is an innovative idea following Sir Harold Gilles’ principle ‘Never throw anything away’.
A two-fluid model of the bifurcated current sheet

[1] Recent satellite observations show that current sheets in the space plasma environment are often characterized by bifurcated structures. The majority of the available models of the bifurcated current sheet in the literature are based upon equilibrium Vlasov-Maxwell kinetic theory. While in principle, kinetic models are more fundamental, investigations based on fluid theory can sometimes be advantageous. For instance, because of its inherent simplicity, fluid models of the current sheet can be used in the detailed nonlocal or global analysis of fluid stability. The present paper puts forth a two-fluid model of the bifurcated current sheet on the basis of the pseudo-potential method. According to the present model, double peaked current sheet is characterized by a transverse non-uniform flow and a profile of plasma density that has a plateau in the region between the current peaks. Further, the plasma pressure tensor associated with such a bifurcated current sheet is shown to be anisotropic and non-gyrotropic.
Effect of Oxygen on Growth of Mycobacterium ulcerans in the BACTEC System

ABSTRACT The effect of low oxygen concentration on the growth of 15 strains of Mycobacterium ulcerans was evaluated in the BACTEC system. Reduced oxygen tension enhanced the growth of M. ulcerans, suggesting that this organism has a preference for microaerobic environments. Application of this observation may improve rates of isolation of M. ulcerans in primary culture from clinical samples and promote isolation of the bacterium from environmental sources.
Comparison of two drug regimens upon clinical outcome among renal transplant recipients with positive flow cytometric crossmatches

Renal transplant recipients with positive flow cytometric crossmatches (FCXM) face greater risk of early rejection and graft failure. It is clear that the pharmacologic needs of this high risk group have not been identified. We retrospectively compared the impact of two drug regimens upon early rejection and 5 yr actuarial survival among 324 primary cadaveric transplant recipients with positive and negative FCXM. Patients received either Regimen I (OKT3 induction, cyclosporine and steroids) or Regimen II (mycophenolate mofetil with cyclosporine or Prograf). Recipient gender, age, disease etiology, ethnic distribution and cytotoxic panel reactive antibody (PRA) were equivalent between regimens (p=ns). With Regimen I, the incidence of rejection was greater for FCXM positive vs. FCXM negative patients (51 vs. 21%, p=0.001). In contrast, with Regimen II the incidence of rejection for FCXM positive and FCXM negative patients was equivalent (18 vs. 12%, p=ns) and lower than patients treated with Regimen I (p < 0.01). Ethnic variation was only observed with Regimen I in which African Americans with positive FCXM had more rejections than Caucasians (60 vs. 45%, p < 0.05). Five‐year actuarial survival was lower for FCXM positive vs. FCXM negative patients treated with Regimen I (40 vs. 75%, p=0.0006) or Regimen 2 (60 vs. 90%, p=0.001). Allograft survival was equivalent (p=ns) among FCXM positive individuals receiving Regimen I or II. However, allograft survival among FCXM negative individuals improved with Regimen II (p < 0.05). Ethnic variation in survival was not observed with either regimen (p=ns).