Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ju n 20 05 DIFFERENTIABLE SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED TO FAMILIES OF ALGEBRAIC CYCLES

We develop a theory of differential systems associated to families of algebraic cycles in higher Chow groups (i.e., motivic cohomology groups). This formalism is related to inhomogenous Picard–Fuchs type differential equations. For a family of K3 surfaces the corresponding non–linear ODE is studied. It turns out to be a variant of Chazy’s equation.
CD38 Controls the Innate Immune Response against Listeria monocytogenes

ABSTRACT CD38, adenosine-5′-diphosphate-ribosyl cyclase 1, is a multifunctional enzyme, expressed on a wide variety of cell types. CD38 has been assigned diverse functions, including generation of calcium-mobilizing metabolites, cell activation, and chemotaxis. Using a murine Listeria monocytogenes infection model, we found that CD38 knockout (KO) mice were highly susceptible to infection. Enhanced susceptibility was already evident within 3 days of infection, suggesting a function of CD38 in the innate immune response. CD38 was expressed on neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes, and especially inflammatory monocytes further upregulated CD38 during infection. Absence of CD38 caused alterations of the migration pattern of both cell types to sites of infection. We observed impaired accumulation of cells in the spleen but surprisingly similar or even higher accumulation of cells in the liver. CD38 KO and wild-type mice showed similar changes in the composition of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes in blood and bone marrow, indicating that mobilization of these cells from the bone marrow was CD38 independent. In vitro, macrophages of CD38 KO mice were less efficient in uptake of listeria but still able to kill the bacteria. Dendritic cells also displayed enhanced CD38 expression following infection. However, absence of CD38 did not impair the capacity of mice to prime CD8+ T cells against L. monocytogenes, and CD38 KO mice could efficiently control secondary listeria infection. In conclusion, our results demonstrate an essential role for CD38 in the innate immune response against L. monocytogenes.
From Traces to Proofs: Proving Concurrent Programs Safe

Nondeterminism in scheduling is the cardinal reason for difficulty in proving correctness of concurrent programs. A powerful proof strategy was recently proposed [6] to show the correctness of such programs. The approach captured data-flow dependencies among the instructions of an interleaved and error-free execution of threads. These data-flow dependencies were represented by an inductive data-flow graph (iDFG), which, in a nutshell, denotes a set of executions of the concurrent program that gave rise to the discovered data-flow dependencies. The iDFGs were further transformed in to alternative finite automatons (AFAs) in order to utilize efficient automata-theoretic tools to solve the problem. In this paper, we give a novel and efficient algorithm to directly construct AFAs that capture the data-flow dependencies in a concurrent program execution. We implemented the algorithm in a tool called ProofTraPar to prove the correctness of finite state cyclic programs under the sequentially consistent memory model. Our results are encouraging and compare favorably to existing state-of-the-art tools.
Shallow Parsing of Czech Sentence Based on Correct Morphological Disambiguation

The basis of such an approach is provided by a very complex and sophisticated rule-based morphological disambiguation which can disambiguate Czech sentence with a very high reliability, i.e. with a minimum number of errors. This is, of course, very important for any language and all the more so for Czech whose ambiguity rate is generally extremely high (as compared e.g. to other Slavic languages). The complexity of disambiguation consists not only in crude part-of-speech (POS) disambiguation but especially in the identification of cases of nouns, adjectives, pronouns and numerals. If disambiguation is (almost) correct then it necessarily prepares a very solid ground for shallow parsing including chunking. We shall show that both disambiguation and shallow parsing can run in parallel. The approach is demonstrated on the data taken from various corpora of Czech, especially from the corpus SYN2000, the synchronic part of the Czech National Corpus project (cf. Czech National Corpus).
Lateralized fascia dentata lesion and blockade of one hippocampus: Effect on spatial memory in rats

Unilateral blockade of the dorsal hippocampus by tetrodotoxin makes it possible to form lateralized spatial memories, which rapidly transfer to the naive hippocampus when training continues with intact brain. Unilateral X‐ray irradiation of newborn rats causes irreversible destruction of granule cells in the ipsilateral fascia dentata (FD). Possible compensation of poor learning in the lesioned hemisphere by commissural transfer of memories from the intact hippocampus was examined in seven rats with unilateral FD lesion, which were first trained in the Morris water maze to asymptotic performance (mean escape latency 6 ± 1 s). Subsequent testing during functional ablation either of the intact or of the lesioned hippocampus by tetrodotoxin revealed escape latencies 35 ± 8 s or 8 ± 1 s, respectively. Probe trial tests during inactivation of the intact and lesioned hippocampus showed target quadrant preference of 32 ± 2% or 54 ±3%, respectively. The results indicate: (a) that one intact hippocampus alone can support the water maze task, (b) that no, or only a very weak, memory trace is available in the lesioned hippocampus. It is concluded that the above results are due to the inability of the FD lesioned hippocampus to process the information received from the ipsilateral entorhinal cortex. Hippocampus 1998;8:647–650. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of volume loading on the Frank–Starling relation during reductions in central blood volume in heat‐stressed humans

During reductions in central blood volume while heat stressed, a greater decrease in stroke volume (SV) for a similar decrease in ventricular filling pressure, compared to normothermia, suggests that the heart is operating on a steeper portion of a Frank–Starling curve. If so, volume loading of heat‐stressed individuals would shift the operating point to a flatter portion of the heat stress Frank–Starling curve thereby attenuating the reduction in SV during subsequent decreases in central blood volume. To investigate this hypothesis, right heart catheterization was performed in eight males from whom pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), central venous pressure and SV (via thermodilution) were obtained while central blood volume was reduced via lower‐body negative pressure (LBNP) during normothermia, whole‐body heating (increase in blood temperature ∼1°C), and during whole‐body heating after intravascular volume expansion. Volume expansion was accomplished by administration of a combination of a synthetic colloid (HES 130/0.4, Voluven) and saline. Before LBNP, SV was not affected by heating (122 ± 30 ml; mean ±s.d.) compared to normothermia (110 ± 20 ml; P= 0.06). However, subsequent volume loading increased SV to 143 ± 29 ml (P= 0.003). LBNP provoked a larger decrease in SV relative to the decrease in PCWP during heating (8.6 ± 1.9 ml mmHg−1) compared to normothermia (4.5 ± 3.0 ml mmHg−1, P= 0.02). After volume loading while heat stressed, the reduction in the SV to PCWP ratio during LBNP was comparable to that observed during normothermia (4.8 ± 2.3 ml mmHg−1; P= 0.78). These data support the hypothesis that a Frank–Starling mechanism contributes to compromised blood pressure control during simulated haemorrhage in heat‐stressed individuals, and extend those findings by showing that volume infusion corrects this deficit by shifting the operating point to a flatter portion of the heat stress Frank–Starling curve.
Unemployment and ill health: understanding the relationship.

OBJECTIVE--To review research relevant to understanding the psychological, social, and biological pathways by which unemployment may affect health risk; to consider the importance of four specific mechanisms; and to indicate some directions for future research. CRITERIA FOR INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION OF PUBLISHED STUDIES--Studies were chosen to illustrate the development of four major hypotheses regarding the relationship between unemployment and ill health, as well as the present state of knowledge. The review therefore includes some much-cited "classics" drawn from a long time span. Where recent reviews already exist relevant to individual mechanisms, these are referred to. Recent (since 1987) reports were sought by searching the BIDS data base. Particular effort was made to locate studies which enabled alternative hypotheses to be evaluated, and to point out where existing evidence is inconsistent or incomplete, indicating the need for further research. CONCLUSIONS--To understand the relationship between unemployment and ill health and mortality, four mechanisms need to be considered: the role of relative poverty; social isolation and loss of self esteem; health related behaviour (including that associated with membership of certain types of "subculture"); and the effect that a spell of unemployment has on subsequent employment patterns.
Analysis of Receptor Usage by Ecotropic Murine Retroviruses, Using Green Fluorescent Protein-Tagged Cationic Amino Acid Transporters

ABSTRACT Entry of ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV) into host cells is initiated by interaction between the receptor-binding domain of the viral SU protein and the third extracellular domain (TED) of the receptor, cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1). To study the molecular basis for the retrovirus-receptor interaction, mouse CAT1 (mCAT1) was expressed in human 293 cells as a fusion protein with jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP). Easily detected by fluorescence microscopy and immunoblot analysis with anti-GFP antibodies, the mCAT1-GFP fusion protein was expressed in an N-glycosylated form on the cell surface and in the Golgi apparatus, retaining the ecotropic receptor function. The system was applied to compare Friend MuLV (F-MuLV) and its neuropathogenic variant, PVC-211 MuLV, which exhibits a unique cellular tropism and host range, for the ability to use various CAT family members as a receptor. The results indicated that F-MuLV and PVC-211 MuLV could infect the cells expressing wild-type mCAT1 at comparable efficiencies and that rat CAT3, but not mCAT2, conferred a low but detectable level of susceptibility to F-MuLV and PVC-211 MuLV. The data also suggested that CAT proteins might be expressed in an oligomeric form. Further application of the system developed in this study may provide useful insights into the entry mechanism of ecotropic MuLV.
Flight control in the hawkmoth Manduca sexta: the inverse problem of hovering

SUMMARY The inverse problem of hovering flight, that is, the range of wing movements appropriate for sustained flight at a fixed position and orientation, was examined by developing a simulation of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta. Inverse problems arise when one is seeking the parameters that are required to achieve a specified model outcome. In contrast, forward problems explore the outcomes given a specified set of input parameters. The simulation was coupled to a microgenetic algorithm that found specific sequences of wing and body motions, encoded by ten independent kinematic parameters, capable of generating the fixed body position and orientation characteristic of hovering flight. Additionally, we explored the consequences of restricting the number of free kinematic parameters and used this information to assess the importance to flight control of individual parameters and various combinations of them. Output from the simulated moth was compared to kinematic recordings of hovering flight in real hawkmoths; the real and simulated moths performed similarly with respect to their range of variation in position and orientation. The simulated moth also used average wingbeat kinematics (amplitude, stroke plane orientation, etc) similar to those of the real moths. However, many different subsets of the available kinematic were sufficient for hovering flight and available kinematic data from real moths does not include sufficient detail to assess which, if any, of these was consistent with the real moth. This general result, the multiplicity of possible hovering kinematics, shows that the means by which Manduca sexta actually maintains position and orientation may have considerable freedom and therefore may be influenced by many other factors beyond the physical and aerodynamic requirements of hovering flight.
Assessing marginalized communities in Mexico for implementation of rainwater catchment systems.

Mexico contains a high percentage of marginalized communities, as well as geographic areas with high annual precipitation (approximately 2000 mm). This study uses regional water access and precipitation data to determine municipalities that would most benefit from the installation of Domestic Rain Water Harvesting Systems (DRWHS). The main objective was to find a relationship between local conditions (marginalization, expected level of service, and precipitation) and the physical components of DRWHS. First, monthly precipitation and the number of inhabitants per household were determined for each municipality. Catchment area and tank size were then calculated for a single dwelling by municipality using water demand, run-off coefficient, monthly precipitation, and number of inhabitants per household. In general, municipalities with very low access to municipal water and very high precipitation were found in the southern area of the country. A curve that estimates catchment area based on annual precipitation was developed using the selected municipalities, which produced an average catchment area of 113.3 m2 for a water demand of 100 L/capita/day. While any DRWHS must be designed specific to local conditions, this study has determined that a regional approximation can be used to select ideal communities for these systems, which can in turn facilitate national implementation.
Utilisation and Tolerability of Aliskiren in the Primary Care Setting in England

Aliskiren (Rasilez), a direct renin inhibitor, is indicated for the treatment of essential hypertension. A postmarketing prescription‐event monitoring (PEM) study was conducted in England to monitor the safety and utilization of aliskiren. Summary statistics and event incidence densities were calculated. The cohort consisted of 6385 individuals with a median age of 68 years (interquartile range, 59–76). Aliskiren was largely prescribed for its licensed indication of hypertension (93.3%) and was reported as “effective” by the prescriber in 77.4% of individuals. Frequently reported clinical events during treatment were diarrhea (3.1% of on‐treatment events), malaise/lassitude (3.0%), and nausea/vomiting (1.2%), which were also common reasons for treatment cessation. Renal events were rare, with 24 cases probably or possibly related to aliskiren use, and four of which were classified as acute renal failure using RIFLE (Risk Injury Failure Loss End‐Stage Kidney Disease) criteria. These results should be used in conjunction with other clinical and pharmacoepidemiologic studies to optimize the safe prescribing of aliskiren.
Clinical decision making using ovarian cancer risk assessment.

OBJECTIVE Although any adnexal abnormality found at imaging can be concerning for an ovarian malignancy, the clinician must perform an evaluation to decide if the actual likelihood of malignancy justifies the risk of surgery. When determining the likelihood of an asymptomatic, incidental adnexal mass being malignant, the provider must answer one important question: Do the clinical findings warrant the potential morbidity of surgery? This article will focus on the decision making that goes into such an evaluation. CONCLUSION A patient's medical history, physical examination, CA-125 level, and imaging characteristics are all factors that impact the ultimate decision of whether a patient can be observed with repeat imaging or should proceed to surgical evaluation.
Distinct Roles for Two CYP226 Family Cytochromes P450 in Abietane Diterpenoid Catabolism by Burkholderia xenovorans LB400

ABSTRACT The 80-kb dit cluster of Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 encodes the catabolism of abietane diterpenoids. This cluster includes ditQ and ditU, predicted to encode cytochromes P450 (P450s) belonging to the poorly characterized CYP226A subfamily. Using proteomics, we identified 16 dit-encoded proteins that were significantly more abundant in LB400 cells grown on dehydroabietic acid (DhA) or abietic acid (AbA) than in succinate-grown cells. A key difference in the catabolism of DhA and AbA lies in the differential expression of the P450s; DitU was detected only in the AbA-grown cells, whereas DitQ was expressed both during growth on DhA and during growth on AbA. Analyses of insertion mutants showed that ditQ was required for growth on DhA, ditU was required for growth on AbA, and neither gene was required for growth on the central intermediate, 7-oxo-DhA. In cell suspension assays, patterns of substrate removal and metabolite accumulation confirmed the role of DitU in AbA transformation and the role of DitQ in DhA transformation. Spectral assays revealed that DitQ binds both DhA (dissociation constant, 0.98 ± 0.01 μM) and palustric acid. Finally, DitQ transformed DhA to 7-hydroxy-DhA in vitro. These results demonstrate the distinct roles of the P450s DitQ and DitU in the transformation of DhA and AbA, respectively, to 7-oxo-DhA in a convergent degradation pathway.
PAC-Bayesian Analysis of Martingales and Multiarmed Bandits

We present two alternative ways to apply PAC-Bayesian analysis to sequences of dependent random variables. The first is based on a new lemma that enables to bound expectations of convex functions of certain dependent random variables by expectations of the same functions of independent Bernoulli random variables. This lemma provides an alternative tool to Hoeffding-Azuma inequality to bound concentration of martingale values. Our second approach is based on integration of Hoeffding-Azuma inequality with PAC-Bayesian analysis. We also introduce a way to apply PAC-Bayesian analysis in situation of limited feedback. We combine the new tools to derive PAC-Bayesian generalization and regret bounds for the multiarmed bandit problem. Although our regret bound is not yet as tight as state-of-the-art regret bounds based on other well-established techniques, our results significantly expand the range of potential applications of PAC-Bayesian analysis and introduce a new analysis tool to reinforcement learning and many other fields, where martingales and limited feedback are encountered.
The trauma of sexual assault : treatment, prevention, and practice

About the Editors. List of Contributors. Preface. Rape: History, Myths, and Reality (J. Petrak). The Psycholgical Impact of Sexual Assault (J. Petrak). Gender, Sexual Orientation, and Sexual Assault (A. W. Coxell & M. B. King). A Review of Treatment and Outcome of Post-Trauma Sequelae in Sexual Assault Survivors (J. A. Bennice & P. A. Resick). Psychological Assessment of Sexual Assault (A-M. Doyle & S. Thornton). Treatment of Acute Stress and PTSD Following Rape (A. E. Naugle, et al.). Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Mood and Behavioural Problems (H. Kennerley). Treatment for the Psychosexual Impact of Sexual Assault (L. Webster). Coping with the Physical Impact of Sexual Assault (B. Hedge). Interventions to Prevent Rape and Sexual Assault (C. A. Gidycz, et al.). Legal and Forensic Issues (D. J. Rogers). The Impact of Sexual Assault on Health-care Workers (B. Hedge). Sexual Aggression: Research, Theories, and Practice (J. C. Houston). The Future Agenda for Care and Research (J. Petrak). Index.
Changing Minds or Changing Channels?: Partisan News in an Age of Choice

We live in an age of media saturation, where with a few clicks of the remote - or mouse - we can tune in to programming where the facts fit our ideological predispositions. But what are the political consequences of this vast landscape of media choice? Partisan news has been roundly castigated for reinforcing prior beliefs and contributing to the highly polarized political environment we have today, but there is little evidence to support this claim, and much of what we know about the impact of news media come from studies that were conducted at a time when viewers chose from among six channels rather than scores. Through a series of innovative experiments, Kevin Arceneaux and Martin Johnson show that such criticism is unfounded. Americans who watch cable news are already polarized, and their exposure to partisan programming of their choice does not significantly change their initial position. In fact, the opposite is true: viewers become more polarized when forced to watch programming that opposes their beliefs. A much more troubling consequence of the ever-expanding media environment, the authors show, is that it has allowed people to tune out the news: the four top-rated partisan news programs draw a mere three percent of the total number of people watching television. Overturning much of the conventional wisdom, Changing Minds or Changing Channels? demonstrates that the strong effects of media exposure found in past research are simply not applicable in today's more saturated media landscape.
Delay propagation properties with self-similarity

In this paper, we show the analysis of network load propagation properties with heavy-tailedness of Internet paths using our IP performance active measurement method. This method sends ICMP TIMESTAMP messages and receives reply messages to and from each node along the path. After collecting and analyzing the delay fluctuations and the inter-arrival time, following results were extracted. First, the features of heavy-tailedness for the inter-arrival time appeared at the exchanging node from LAN to WAN due to the burst-type delays and propagated along the path. Second, cyclic short-term delays generated fast declining slope, and scattered short-term delays made smooth decline. Third, global scaling properties of inter-arrival time propagated along the path in WAN. Finally, cyclic and scattered short time delays tended to rise in the average energy at finer scales.
Depolarization-Induced 65Zinc Influx into Cultured Cortical Neurons

Toxic Zn(2+) influx may be a key mechanism underlying selective neuronal death after transient global ischemia in rats. To identify routes responsible for neuronal Zn(2+) influx, we measured the accumulation of (65)Zn(2+) into cultured murine cortical cells under depolarizing conditions (60 mM K(+)) associated with severe hypoxia-ischemia in brain tissue. Addition of 60 mM K(+) or 300 microM kainate substantially increased (65)Zn(2+) accumulation into mixed cultures of neurons and glia, but not glia alone. (65)Zn(2+) accumulation was attenuated by increasing concentrations of extracellular Ca(2+) or trypsin pretreatment, but not by late trypsinization, and corresponded to an increase in atomic Zn(2+). Confirming predominantly neuronal entry, K(+)-induced (65)Zn(2+) accumulation was reduced by prior selective destruction of neurons with NMDA. K(+)-induced (65)Zn(2+) influx was not sensitive to glutamate receptor antagonists, but was attenuated by Gd(3+) and Cd(2+) as well as 1 microM nimodipine; it was partially sensitive to 1 microM omega-conotoxin-GVIA, and insensitive to 1 microM omega-agatoxin-IVA. K(+)-induced, Gd(3+)-sensitive (45)Ca(2+) accumulation but not (65)Zn(2+) accumulation was sharply attenuated by lowering extracellular pH to 6.6.