Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Second Korean guidelines for the management of Crohn's disease

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, progressive, and disabling inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with an uncertain etiopathogenesis. CD can involve any site of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus, and is associated with serious complications, such as bowel strictures, perforations, and fistula formation. The incidence and prevalence rates of CD in Korea are still lower compared with those in Western countries, but they have been rapidly increasing during the recent decades. Although there are no definitive curative modalities for CD, various medical and surgical therapies have been applied for the treatment of this disease. Concerning CD management, there have been substantial discrepancies among clinicians according to their personal experience and preference. To suggest recommendable approaches to the diverse problems of CD and to minimize the variations in treatment among physicians, guidelines for the management of CD were first published in 2012 by the IBD Study Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases. These are the revised guidelines based on updated evidence, accumulated since 2012. These guidelines were developed by using mainly adaptation methods, and encompass induction and maintenance treatment of CD, treatment based on disease location, treatment of CD complications, including stricture and fistula, surgical treatment, and prevention of postoperative recurrence. These are the second Korean guidelines for the management of CD and will be continuously revised as new evidence is collected.
Reconstruction of relief objects from archeological line drawings

This article addresses the problem of automatic reconstruction of a 3D relief object from a line drawing. Our main application is reconstruction of archaeological artifacts based on line drawings. The problem is challenging due to five reasons: the small number of orthogonal views of the object, the sparsity of the strokes, their ambiguity, their large number, and their interrelations. We partition the reconstruction problem into two subproblems. First, we reconstruct the underlying smooth base of the object from the silhouette. Assuming that the variation of bases belonging to the same class of objects is relatively small, we create the base by modifying a similar base retrieved from a database. Second, we reconstruct the relief on top of the base. Our approach can reconstruct the relief from a complex drawing that consists of many interrelated strokes. Rather than viewing the interdependencies as a problem, we show how they can be exploited to automatically generate a good initial interpretation of the line drawing. Even though our algorithm is generic, its strength is demonstrated by the reconstruction of artifacts from manual drawings taken from real archaeological reports. These drawings are highly challenging, since artists created very complex and detailed descriptions of artifacts regardless of any considerations concerning their future use for shape reconstruction.
Stability Analysis of Lattice Boltzmann Methods

The lattice Boltzmann equation describes the evolution of the velocity distribution function on a lattice in a manner that macroscopic fluid dynamical behavior is recovered. Although the equation is a derivative of lattice gas automata, it may be interpreted as a Lagrangian finite-difference method for the numerical simulation of the discrete-velocity Boltzmann equation that makes use of a BGK collision operator. As a result, it is not surprising that numerical instability of lattice Boltzmann methods have been frequently encountered by researchers. We present an analysis of the stability of perturbations of the particle populations linearized about equilibrium values corresponding to a constant-density uniform mean flow. The linear stability depends on the following parameters: the distribution of the mass at a site between the different discrete speeds, the BGK relaxation time, the mean velocity, and the wavenumber of the perturbations. This parameter space is too large to compute the complete stability characteristics. We report some stability results for a subset of the parameter space for a 7-velocity hexagonal lattice, a 9-velocity square lattice, and a 15-velocity cubic lattice. Results common to all three lattices are (1) the BGK relaxation time ? must be greater than 12 corresponding to positive shear viscosity, (2) there exists a maximum stable mean velocity for fixed values of the other parameters, and (3) as ? is increased from 12 the maximum stable velocity increases monotonically until some fixed velocity is reached which does not change for larger ?
Strategic management of business model transformation: lessons from Nokia

Purpose – This paper aims to offer a conceptualization of how and why corporate level strategic change may build on historical differentiation at business unit level.Design/methodology/approach – Methodologically, an historical case study of Nokia Corporation's drastic business model transformation between the years 1987 and 1995 is reported.Findings – The conceptual and historical work results in a process model of business model change, demonstrating how central business units feed strategic alternatives and capabilities to the corporate‐level transformation process.Practical implications – The results highlight the importance of corporate level “market mechanisms' that allow promising strategic alternatives to emerge and select out inferior options. In this process, a key mechanism is the exchange of executives and cognitive mindsets between business units and corporate headquarters (CHQ). Originality/value – The reported research offers an original contribution by showing the dynamic interplay of cogni.
An Autonomous Indoor UAV with a Real-Time On-Board Orthogonal SLAM

Abstract Here we present the development and implementation of an innovative real-time onboard orthogonal SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) algorithm for an industrial quadrotor. The algorithm is discussed particularly with regard to the decision variables and the influences of these variables to the resulting map. The capability of the whole algorithm is demonstrated by experiments. The algorithm delivers a 2D floor plan of the investigated area and the results will show that essential SLAM features like loop closing are covered. All needed algorithms, microcontrollers and sensors are part of self-constructed intelligent control and measurement unit named ICAM. Additionally, all required controllers for an autonomous flight are realized on this unit which is installed below the flight platform. Due to the fact that all needed algorithms for exploration and mapping of an unknown indoor environment run on-board the robot is able to act with full autonomy.
Fabrication of Small-Molecular-Weight Organic Thin-Film Solar Cells by Combination of Wet and Dry Processes

We succeeded to fabricate p-n heterojunction and bulkheterojunction small-molecular-weight organic thin-film solar cells by combination of dry (p-type = zinc phthalocyanine, n-type = fullerene) and wet (p-type = tetra-tert-butyl zinc phthalocyanine, n-type = [6,6]-phenyl-C61-buteric acid methyl ester) processes. Relationship between morphologies of semiconducting layers and photovoltaic properties was investigated. The p-n heterojunction organic thin-film solar cells based on dry process, where surface roughness was approximately 2 nm, showed the highest power conversion efficiency of 1.3% in this paper.
Transmission power control for downlinks in CDMA/shared-TDD cellular packet systems

This paper proposes a transmission power control scheme for downlinks in CDMA/shared-TDD cellular packet systems that experience inter-cell interference between uplinks and downlinks. The proposed scheme increases the downlink transmission power for re-transmission packets and thus improves the signal-to-interference ratio for the packets. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves the downlink throughput without sacrificing the uplink throughput.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Feature of Metabolic Syndrome in Older Men and Women

OBJECTIVE—We studied the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness with metabolic syndrome in older men and women, because such data are limited in representative population samples. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We studied a population sample of 671 men and 676 women aged 57–79 years at baseline of a randomized controlled intervention study. We assessed maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) by respiratory gas analysis during a maximal bicycle exercise test. RESULTS—Vo2max had a strong, inverse, and graded association with the risk of having metabolic syndrome as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Men and women in the lowest third of Vo2max had 10.2- and 10.8-fold higher risks and those in the middle third had 2.9- and 4.7-fold higher risks (P < 0.001 all) of metabolic syndrome than those with the highest Vo2max after multivariable adjustments. Factor analysis generated a principal factor that was strongly loaded by the main components of metabolic syndrome and Vo2max (−0.68 in men and −0.70 in women). CONCLUSIONS—Low cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with metabolic syndrome in older men and women. Our findings suggest that low cardiorespiratory fitness could be considered a feature of metabolic syndrome.
SA-RBAC: An Innovative Role-Based Access Control Model Introducing Self-Authentication Mechanism

According to the existing problems in access control model: privilege abuse and neglecting high security grade of sensitive information in practical application, an innovative access control model SARBAC is proposed in this paper. It introduces selfauthentication mechanism into the Reference RBAC Model. A theoretical description of self-authentication mechanism is given at first, and the follow is a systematical formal presentation of SA-RBAC on the base of Core RBAC Model. Several key issues on the new model are discussed as well.
Characteristics of a primate model of focal motor cortical seizures suitable for preclinical testing of therapies like DBS

Background and objective: Generating and characterizing primate models of epileptic seizures are important for understanding pathophysiology of diseases and establishing preclinical efficacy of novel therapies like Deep Brain Stimulation. A focal motor epilepsy model is described here. Method: Seizures were obtained after intracortical penicillin injection into the motor strip through a cannula in two awake monkeys and electrocorticograms were recorded by epidural screws. Seizures were analyzed and compared for number, average duration of each seizure and total duration of ictal activity. Pharmaco-resistance for antiepileptic drug was tested by administration of Diazepam during seizures. Results: A motor status with seizures mimicking those seen in Kojevnikov’s syndrome was easily generated several minutes after penicillin injection and lasted 24 h on an average. The model thus characterized appears stable and consistent. There is no significant variation between experiments in individual primate as well as between two specimens. Diazepam though reduced the total duration of seizures, failed to abolish behavioural seizures. Conclusion: This model represents a good alternative model for preclinical research aiming at testing novel therapies because seizures are obtained on demand, last up to 24 h after a single penicillin injection, are stable and resistant to Diazepam.
Enhanced Z-LDA for Small Sample Size Training in Brain-Computer Interface Systems

Background. Usually the training set of online brain-computer interface (BCI) experiment is small. For the small training set, it lacks enough information to deeply train the classifier, resulting in the poor classification performance during online testing. Methods. In this paper, on the basis of Z-LDA, we further calculate the classification probability of Z-LDA and then use it to select the reliable samples from the testing set to enlarge the training set, aiming to mine the additional information from testing set to adjust the biased classification boundary obtained from the small training set. The proposed approach is an extension of previous Z-LDA and is named enhanced Z-LDA (EZ-LDA). Results. We evaluated the classification performance of LDA, Z-LDA, and EZ-LDA on simulation and real BCI datasets with different sizes of training samples, and classification results showed EZ-LDA achieved the best classification performance. Conclusions. EZ-LDA is promising to deal with the small sample size training problem usually existing in online BCI system.
Overexpression of stathmin promotes metastasis and growth of malignant solid tumors: a systemic review and meta-analysis

Stathmin has been investigated to be involved in development and progress of malignant tumors. This study was to clarify the relationship between expression of stathmin and tumors and assess its clinical significance. We identified 25 studies with a total of 3,571 individuals from the electronic bibliographic databases and strictly evaluated the quality and heterogeneity of included studies. We analysed the relationship between expression of stathmin and clinical characteristics by the fixed-effects and random-effects of meta-analysis and constructed a summary receiver-operator characteristic curve to estimate the test characteristics. The results showed that patients with cancer displayed a higher stathmin expression than those of non-cancer individuals (OR, 0.31), and overexpression of stathmin correlated with tumor cell differentiation (OR, 0.73), lymph node invasion (OR, 0.80) and high TNM stage (OR, 0.67). The pooled sensitivity of stathmin for distinguishing malignant tumors was 0.73 and the specificity was 0.77. The maximum balance joint for sensitivity and specificity (the Q-value) was 0.7566 and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.8234. In conclusion, these results showed that overexpression of stathmin intimately correlated with malignant behavior of tumors, suggesting it could be a risk factor of malignant tumors. Stathmin had great sensitivity and specificity indicated it should be a significant molecular biomarker for malignant tumors.
Rendezvous: an alternative approach to conflict resolution for real time multi-user applications

Up until now little support has been provided for shared state systems in environments with highly unpredictable network connections, such as mobile networks. Shared state conflict management has instead been focused on more stable network environments, such as the Internet, where delays may occur but where the high latency and frequent disconnection that can plague mobile networks are relatively uncommon. As the need for real-time multiuser applications in these less predictable environments increases, this inevitably affects the design of conflict management in shared state systems. Rendezvous is a set of protocols intended to maintain synchronization of shared state between clients collaborating over a distributed, real-time environment where high latency and frequent disconnection are likely. Key to Rendezvous is the idea that when a conflict occurs the conflicting entities need not rollback processes in order to resolve the difficulties but instead take into account their mutual targets and agree on a state in which they converge at a later time. This paper details the earliest experiments in the design and implementation of Rendezvous as we study the feasibility of the approach.
An Efficient Algorithm for Resource Allocation in Parallel and Distributed Computing Systems

Resource allocation in heterogeneous parallel and distributed computing systems is the process of allocating user tasks to processing elements for execution such that some performance objective is optimized. In this paper, a new resource allocation algorithm for the computing grid environment is proposed. It takes into account the heterogeneity of the computational resources. It resolves the single point of failure problem which many of the current algorithms suffer from. In this algorithm, any site manager receives two kinds of tasks namely, remote tasks arriving from its associated local grid manager, and local tasks submitted directly to the site manager by local users in its domain. It allocates the grid workload based on the resources occupation ratio and the communication cost. The grid overall mean task response time is considered as the main performance metric that need to be minimized. The simulation results show that the proposed resource allocation algorithm improves the grid overall mean task response time. (Abstract)
On the capacity limits of HVAC duct channel for high-speed Internet access

In this paper, we report theoretical and experimental channel-capacity estimates of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) ducts based on multicarrier transmission that uses M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation and measured channel responses at the 2.4-GHz industrial, scientific, and medical band. It is shown theoretically that data rates in excess of 1 Gb/s are possible over distances up to 500 m in straight ducts in which reflections have been suppressed. Our experimental results also show that even in the case of more complex HVAC duct networks (i.e., HVAC duct networks that include bends, tees, etc.) data rates over 2 Gb/s are possible. Our estimations in this case are valid for distances of up to 22 m, which was the maximum distance of our experimental setup. These experimental results, measured with a large-scale testbed set up at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, albeit limited in terms of transmitter-receiver separation distance, provide further evidence on the potential of HVAC systems as an attractive solution for providing communications in indoor wireless networks.
Intra-class variation, affine transformation and background clutter: towards robust image matching

Image matching is a fundamental computer vision problem that includes many scenarios, such as varying the view scene matching, feature selection and registration, object recognition, and general object class matching. This article presents a unified framework and working algorithm for these different matching scenarios. The proposed feature-based image matching method demonstrates excellent robustness to significant geometrical transformation, intra-class variation and background clutter which are usually presented in different matching scenarios.
Noncerebral waves detection from frontal brain electrical activity using the quantitative measure of nongaussianity

The aim of this paper was to separate the EEG recordings into cerebral and noncerebral waves and compare a statistical properties of chosen components using the coefficient of excess kurtosis. Noncerebral waves, particularly the ocular artifacts, should be properly identified, because some of them imitate the cerebral potentials. The eye opening and closure, blinks or eye flutter are similar to the frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (FRIDA), which has been associated with brain disorders e.g., encephalopathies. For separation of the EEG data the infomax rule with a new nonlinearity was used. The accuracy of separation of the EEG's has been measured using the Performance Index.
The Evolution of Patch Selection in Stochastic Environments

A null model for habitat patch selection in spatially heterogeneous environments is the ideal free distribution (IFD), which assumes individuals have complete knowledge about the environment and can freely disperse. Under equilibrium conditions, the IFD predicts that local population growth rates are zero in all occupied patches, sink patches are unoccupied, and the fraction of the population selecting a patch is proportional to the patch’s carrying capacity. Individuals, however, often experience stochastic fluctuations in environmental conditions and cannot respond to these fluctuations instantaneously. An evolutionary stability analysis for fixed patch-selection strategies reveals that environmental uncertainty disrupts the classical IFD predictions: individuals playing the evolutionarily stable strategy may occupy sink patches, local growth rates are negative and typically unequal in all patches, and individuals prefer higher-quality patches less than predicted by their carrying capacities. Spatial correlations in environmental fluctuations can enhance or marginalize these trends. The analysis predicts that continually increasing environmental variation first selects for range expansion, then selects for persisting coupled sink populations, and ultimately leads to regional extinction. In contrast, continually increasing habitat degradation first selects for range contraction and may select for persisting coupled sink populations before regional extinction. These results highlight the combined roles of spatial and temporal heterogeneity on the evolution of habitat selection.
What factors are associated with myopia in young adults? A survey study in Taiwan Military Conscripts.

PURPOSE We investigated the independent impact of potential risk factors on myopia in young adults. METHODS A survey study was conducted with male military conscripts aged 18 to 24 years between February 2010 and March 2011 in Taiwan. The participants were examined using non-cycloplegic autorefraction and biometry. The participants provided data about potential risk factors, including age, parental myopia, education, near work, outdoor activity, and urbanization. Myopia was defined as the mean spherical equivalent of the right eye of ≤ 0.5 diopters (D). RESULTS Among 5145 eligible participants, 5048 (98.11%) had refraction and questionnaire data available; 2316 (45.88%) of these received axial length examination. The prevalence of myopia was 86.1% with a mean refractive error of -3.66 D (SD = 2.73) and an axial length of 25.40 mm (SD = 1.38). Older age, having myopic parents, higher education level, more time spent reading, nearer reading distance, less outdoor activity, and higher urbanization level were associated with myopia and longer axial length. More computer use was related to longer axial length. All risk factors associated with myopia also were predictors of high myopia (≤ -6.0 D), with the exception of outdoor activity. Finally, an interaction analysis showed shorter axial length was associated with more time spent outdoors only at high urbanization level. CONCLUSIONS Older age, parental myopia, higher education level, more near work, less outdoor activity, and higher urbanization level were independent predictors of myopia. These data provided evidence to the multifactorial nature of myopia in young men in Taiwan.
Practical Aspects of Interference Management in Wireless Networks Deployment Experiences at CRC

Delivering broadband to the user end via wireless has been considered a secondary option and exercised only when the wired link solution computes an unsatisfactory investment return. This paradigm is changing, however, with a number of WiFi metropolitan networks promising profitability in niches traditionally operating with cables. It is expected that these new wireless enterprises will face innumerous obstacles of practical nature, as they grow and deploy in large scale. Problems with large scale wireless deployments may range from coexistence and interference amongst different service providers to billing procedures. In such a scenario, the Communications Research Centre (CRC) set out to design, develop, and deploy a wireless broadband system. Besides the challenges of designing a whole system, CRC engineers were faced with important RF management issues and some of which are the subject of this paper, namely: RF management related to TCP/IP packet duplication over the air due to multipath propagation, intra-sector communication within a multi sectored cell system and the downlink near-far power problem, to name a few. This work highlights critical problems, that we found unique and not reported before, that are most likely to be encountered by emerging networks (WiMax and WiFi) and proposes solutions to overcome them.