Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
L'effet de l'ordre et du délai sur l'usage de trois modes de réduction de la dissonance cognitive: le changement d'attitude, la trivialisation et le déni de responsabilité

L�objectif de cet article est d�etudier l�effet de deux variables contextuelles, l�ordre de presentation des modes de reduction et le delai post-comportemental sur l�usage de trois modes de reduction : le changement d�attitude, la trivialisation et le deni de responsabilite. Dans ce dessein, nous avons utilise le paradigme de la soumission forcee. Plus precisement, nous mettions les participants en dissonance via un essai contre-attitudinal et la declaration de liberte. Puis, nous leur proposions deux modes de reduction en faisant varier systematiquement l�ordre de presentation ; aussitot ou 10 minutes apres la redaction de l�essai. Dans une premiere experimentation, c�etaient le changement d�attitude et la trivialisation qui etaient conjointement presentes, dans une deuxieme experimentation la trivialisation et le deni de responsabilite. Les resultats indiquent la presence d�un impact du delai sur l�usage de chacun des modes de reduction selon l�ordre de presentation de ces modes de reduction. Concernant le changement d�attitude, on observe que l�usage du changement d�attitude baisse avec le delai, quand il est propose en premier. Concernant la trivialisation et le deni de responsabilite, on observe que l�usage de ces deux modes de reduction est identique sans delai et avec delai quand ils sont proposes en premier, mais augmente significativement avec le delai quand ils sont proposes en second.
Foreign language competence and cultural affinity: a study of UK executives in foreign markets

Reports exploratory research which examines the relationship between the extent to which executives have a positive attitude towards a foreign culture and the level of competence they have achieved in that language. Suggests that this was a weak correlation but a much stronger one existed between these two factors within the Spanish market. Cites that cultural liking may be a positive factor in foreign language acquisition but only in some circumstances or cultures and ecnourages further research in this area.
Functional evaluation of transplanted kidneys with diffusion-weighted and BOLD MR imaging: initial experience.

PURPOSE To prospectively evaluate feasibility and reproducibility of diffusion-weighted (DW) and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in patients with renal allografts, as compared with these features in healthy volunteers with native kidneys. MATERIALS AND METHODS The local ethics committee approved the study protocol; patients provided written informed consent. Fifteen patients with a renal allograft and in stable condition (nine men, six women; age range, 20-67 years) and 15 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers underwent DW and BOLD MR imaging. Seven patients with renal allografts were examined twice to assess reproducibility of results. DW MR imaging yielded a total apparent diffusion coefficient including diffusion and microperfusion (ADC(tot)), as well as an ADC reflecting predominantly pure diffusion (ADC(D)) and the perfusion fraction. R2* of BOLD MR imaging enabled the estimation of renal oxygenation. Statistical analysis was performed, and analysis of variance was used for repeated measurements. Coefficients of variation between and within subjects were calculated to assess reproducibility. RESULTS In patients, ADC(tot), ADC(D), and perfusion fraction were similar in the cortex and medulla. In volunteers, values in the medulla were similar to those in the cortex and medulla of patients; however, values in the cortex were higher than those in the medulla (P < .05). Medullary R2* was higher than cortical R2* in patients (12.9 sec(-1) +/- 2.1 [standard deviation] vs 11.0 sec(-1) +/- 0.6, P < . 007) and volunteers (15.3 sec(-1) +/- 1.1 vs 11.5 sec(-1) +/- 0.5, P < . 0001). However, medullary R2* was lower in patients than in volunteers (P < .004). Increased medullary R2* was paralleled by decreased diffusion in patients with allografts. A low coefficient of variation in the cortex and medulla within subjects was obtained for ADC(tot), ADC(D), and R2* (<5.2%), while coefficient of variation within subjects was higher for perfusion fraction (medulla, 15.1%; cortex, 8.6%). Diffusion and perfusion indexes correlated significantly with serum creatinine concentrations. CONCLUSION DW and BOLD MR imaging are feasible and reproducible in patients with renal allografts.
On the RSS biases in WLAN-based indoor positioning

Fluctuations in the Received Signal Strength, caused for example by temporal propagation dynamics or various mobile types, can decrease the positioning accuracy in WLAN-based indoor fingerprinting. In this paper, the effect of an offset between Received Signal Strength values in the training and estimation phases is investigated. Our study is based on a huge measurement campaign that covers in total eight different buildings with several floors each, in two countries. Different offset types and offset values are studied on a large scale, in terms of 3D positioning accuracy and floor detection probability. We will show that biases between -20 dB and +10 dB do not affect the positioning results in a significant way and that such biases could be also tolerated without calibration.
Wearable Goniometer and Accelerometer Sensory Fusion for Knee Joint Angle Measurement in Daily Life

Human motion analysis is crucial for a wide range of applications and disciplines. The development and validation of low cost and unobtrusive sensing systems for ambulatory motion detection is still an open issue. Inertial measurement systems and e-textile sensors are emerging as potential technologies for daily life situations. We developed and conducted a preliminary evaluation of an innovative sensing concept that combines e-textiles and tri-axial accelerometers for ambulatory human motion analysis. Our sensory fusion method is based on a Kalman filter technique and combines the outputs of textile electrogoniometers and accelerometers without making any assumptions regarding the initial accelerometer position and orientation. We used our technique to measure the flexion-extension angle of the knee in different motion tasks (monopodalic flexions and walking at different velocities). The estimation technique was benchmarked against a commercial measurement system based on inertial measurement units and performed reliably for all of the various tasks (mean and standard deviation of the root mean square error of 1.96 and 0.96∘, respectively). In addition, the method showed a notable improvement in angular estimation compared to the estimation derived by the textile goniometer and accelerometer considered separately. In future work, we will extend this method to more complex and multi-degree of freedom joints.
Queuing model for EVs charging at public supply stations

As electric vehicles become more popular, public charging stations for such vehicles will become common. Since the load introduced by such stations on the grid is high, the smart grid will need to balance the load among charging stations in an area while minimizing the waiting time for users to have their vehicles charged. In this paper, we present an approach for balancing the load among charging stations in an area while minimizing the charging time of electric vehicles. We propose a model where vehicles communicate beforehand with the grid to convey information about their charging status, and develop a mathematical model of handling requests for charging vehicles at public charging station based on queuing theory. Finally, we propose an algorithm for directing vehicles to charging stations in a way to minimize their waiting time to charge completion. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach when considering both real electric vehicle and charging station characteristics and constraints.
Meta‐analytic tests of relationships between organizational justice and citizenship behavior: testing agent‐system and shared‐variance models

Research on the unique effects of different types of perceived fairness on citizenship behavior that benefits individuals (organizational citizenship behavior (OCB-I) and organizations (OCB-O) has produced mixed results. We assert that how OCB-O and OCB-I are conceptualized affects the patterns of results, and we hypothesize that, when OCB is conceptualized appropriately, an agent-system model is supported (interactional and procedural justice are the strongest unique predictors of OCB-I and OCB-O, respectively). We also hypothesize that shared variance among the justice types explains additional variance in OCB. Analyses of semi- partial correlations conducted on meta-analytic coefficients supported our hypotheses. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tourism development in small islands across the world

ABSTRACT This study develops the Tourism Penetration Index and applies it to 51 islands. The results confirm the most penetrated comprise Caribbean, Mediterranean and Northern Pacific islands typified by large resorts, crowding, short stays and the replacement of man‐made attractions for lost amenities. The least penetrated islands comprise mainly Pacific and Indian Ocean destinations characterized by small facilities, long stays, and limited infrastructure. The intermediate islands primarily fall into two groups: Caribbean islands advancing to the high‐density stage, and other destinations experiencing rapid growth and resource conflicts. The study concludes with planning implications and suggestions for further research.
Growth of a Peanut-shaped Bulge via Resonant Trapping of Stellar Orbits in the Vertical Inner Lindblad Resonances

We present a simple resonant Hamiltonian model for the vertical response of a stellar disk to the growth of a bar perturbation. As a bar perturbation grows, stars become trapped in vertical inner Lindblad resonances and are lifted into higher amplitude orbits. The vertical structure of a boxy and peanut-shaped bulge as a function of radius and azimuthal angle in the galaxy plane can be predicted from the strength and speed of the bar perturbation and the derivatives of the gravitational potential. This model predicts that stars on the outer side of the resonance are lifted higher than stars on the inner side, offering an explanation for the sharp outer edge of the boxy/peanut.
The myths of motivation: time for a fresh look at some received wisdom in the eating disorders?

The eating disorders typically involve poor motivation to change. This article reviews the evidence behind many of our beliefs about motivation and whether we need a different conceptual framework for understanding why patients commonly get "stuck. " The outcome literature is reviewed, and demonstrates that there is little evidence that we are effective in enhancing motivation to induce changes in symptoms. Indeed, there are suggestions that commonly used models are unhelpful. Verbal expressions of motivation are not the best indicator of likely treatment response, and can best be understood as providing a "manifesto," which has functions that can obstruct recovery from the eating disorder. A behavioral analysis of motivation is likely to be more effective. Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral methods for enhancing motivation are outlined, with the aim of bypassing the motivational manifesto and encouraging positive therapeutic change.
Sequential Compressed Sensing

Compressed sensing allows perfect recovery of sparse signals (or signals sparse in some basis) using only a small number of random measurements. Existing results in compressed sensing literature have focused on characterizing the achievable performance by bounding the number of samples required for a given level of signal sparsity. However, using these bounds to minimize the number of samples requires a priori knowledge of the sparsity of the unknown signal, or the decay structure for near-sparse signals. Furthermore, there are some popular recovery methods for which no such bounds are known. In this paper, we investigate an alternative scenario where observations are available in sequence. For any recovery method, this means that there is now a sequence of candidate reconstructions. We propose a method to estimate the reconstruction error directly from the samples themselves, for every candidate in this sequence. This estimate is universal in the sense that it is based only on the measurement ensemble, and not on the recovery method or any assumed level of sparsity of the unknown signal. With these estimates, one can now stop observations as soon as there is reasonable certainty of either exact or sufficiently accurate reconstruction. They also provide a way to obtain ¿run-time¿ guarantees for recovery methods that otherwise lack a priori performance bounds. We investigate both continuous (e.g., Gaussian) and discrete (e.g., Bernoulli) random measurement ensembles, both for exactly sparse and general near-sparse signals, and with both noisy and noiseless measurements.
Acoustic structure and contexts of emission of vocal signals by black lemurs

We investigated the vocal repertoire of a Malagasy primate: the black lemur (Eulemur macaco macaco). The first study allowed the characterization of 16 different vocal signals on the basis of acoustic parameters. Black lemurs emit sparse harmonic sounds, dense harmonic sounds, spectrally structured noise (Beeman, 1998) and a wide variety of grunts. The second study focused on the behavioral context of emission of these signals and used the pre- and post-event histogram method (Douglass and Sudd, 1980; Preuschoft, 1995a). It provides statistical demonstration of the association between a signal and other behaviors of the emitter, thus giving insight into the latter’s motivations. Four signals are linked to affiliative and agonistic interactions. Three signals express a state of alarm, and two appear related to discomfort. Most grunts are linked to contact and signal precisely the emitter’s level of vigilance. Other interdisciplinary communication studies could benefit from methodology and software used here.
Evaluation of the exact union bound for trellis-coded modulations over fading channels

An analytical technique is presented for computing the exact union bound on the average bit error probability of trellis coded modulation schemes over Rayleigh, Rician, or shadowed Rician-fading channels. To this end, an integral expression is derived for the pairwise error event probability (PEP). Existing bounds can be obtained as special cases of this expression. It turns out that a Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature rule offers excellent accuracy for this integral. By extension, the exact union bound (i.e., the weighted sum of an exact PEPs of a code) can readily be evaluated. This method has the same complexity as the union-Chernoff bound, and a few examples are given to show its application.
The Arabidopsis AtOPT3 Protein Functions in Metal Homeostasis and Movement of Iron to Developing Seeds1[W][OA]

The Arabidopsis thaliana AtOPT3 belongs to the oligopeptide transporter (OPT) family, a relatively poorly characterized family of peptide/modified peptide transporters found in archebacteria, bacteria, fungi, and plants. A null mutation in AtOPT3 resulted in embryo lethality, indicating an essential role for AtOPT3 in embryo development. In this article, we report on the isolation and phenotypic characterization of a second AtOPT3 mutant line, opt3-2, harboring a T-DNA insertion in the 5′ untranslated region of AtOPT3. The T-DNA insertion in the AtOPT3 promoter resulted in reduced but sufficient AtOPT3 expression to allow embryo formation in opt3-2 homozygous seeds. Phenotypic analyses of opt3-2 plants revealed three interesting loss-of-function phenotypes associated with iron metabolism. First, reduced AtOPT3 expression in opt3-2 plants resulted in the constitutive expression of root iron deficiency responses regardless of exogenous iron supply. Second, deregulation of root iron uptake processes in opt3-2 roots resulted in the accumulation of very high levels of iron in opt3-2 tissues. Hyperaccumulation of iron in opt3-2 resulted in the formation of brown necrotic areas in opt3-2 leaves and was more pronounced during the seed-filling stage. Third, reduced AtOPT3 expression resulted in decreased accumulation of iron in opt3-2 seeds. The reduced accumulation of iron in opt3-2 seeds is especially noteworthy considering the excessively high levels of accumulated iron in other opt3-2 tissues. AtOPT3, therefore, plays a critical role in two important aspects of iron metabolism, namely, maintenance of whole-plant iron homeostasis and iron nutrition of developing seeds.
Questioning Ethnic Identity

Although studies on ethnicity-of-interviewer effects demonstrate that the interviewer’s ethnic background influences respondents’ answers, they often do not take the multifaceted nature and context-dependency of ethnic identifications into account. We aim to contribute to the literature in two respects. First, we discern two aspects of ethnic identification—defining oneself as being ethnic and expressing feelings of belonging to ethnic groups—of which the latter is expected to be more sensitive to interviewer effects. Second, we compare three, instead of two, interview situations—being interviewed by (a) a majority member, (b) a co-ethnic, and (c) a non-co-ethnic minority member—as to empirically scrutinize the scope of interviewer effects while disentangling whether they are cross-ethnically accommodating (respondents stress their similarities with the non-co-ethnic interviewer) or ethnically affirming (respondents emphasize their own ethnic identity). Our hypotheses are tested on a sample of 225 Surinamese, Turkish, and Moroccan immigrants in the Netherlands. As expected, no interviewer effects occur regarding being ethnic. Regarding feeling ethnic, however, respondents’ identifications in the interviewer situation with a majority member vis-à-vis those in both other situations reveal an accommodating interviewer effect.
Clinician specialty and treatment style for depressed outpatients with and without medical comorbidities.

BACKGROUND The advent of clinical practice guidelines for the management of depression increases the importance of understanding variation across clinician specialty groups in treatment styles for depression and the role of medical comorbidities. METHODS Data are reported by clinicians (N = 470) and patients (N = 2545). Multiple regression was used to compare the treatment styles (counseling and prescribing antidepressants) of family physicians with those of psychiatrists, medical subspecialists, internists, psychologists, and other therapists for depressed patients with different medical comorbidities. RESULTS Relative to other primary care specialists, family physicians had the strongest preferences for both counseling and prescribing antidepressants for depressed patients. Family physicians reported preferences for treating with antidepressants that were similar to those of psychiatrists. However, in actual practice, medication use was higher among the patients of psychiatrists than those of family physicians. Mental health care specialists reported the strongest counseling preferences and provided the most counseling in actual practice, compared with general medicine physicians. Internists and subspecialists had similar preferences for prescribing antidepressants, but, compared with internists, subspecialists had lower preferences for counseling. Clinician preferences for counseling were similar for depressed patients with or without medical comorbidities, but preferences for prescribing antidepressants were lowest for patients with depression and myocardial infarction, compared with other patient groups. CONCLUSIONS Measures of clinician treatment style for depression are good proxies for counseling but not for prescribing practices. Among general medical physicians, family physicians have the strongest reported preferences in treating depression but, especially in terms of medication therapy, do not always follow those preferences. Preferred treatments of patients with and without medical comorbidities were similar. Findings have implications for improving the quality of treatment of depressed patients.
The Design of GrIDS: A Graph-Based Intrusion Detection System

This report documents the design of the Graph-based Intrusion Detection System (GrIDS) in reasonable detail. It is intended as a guide to people who wish to understand the implementation, or who have more detailed questions about the design than are addressed elsewhere. GrIDS is a prototype intrusion detection system that was designed to explore the issues involved in doing large scale aggregation of tra c patterns. It features a hierarchical decomposition of the protected organization and its networks. GrIDS puts together reports of incidents and network tra c into graphs, and is able to aggregate those graphs into simpler forms at higher levels of the hierarchy. The prototype was implemented in Perl, by the authors, mainly during 1996. The prototype is usable, and has been run extensively on our network, but does not have the security and fault-tolerance features that would be needed for production use.
Enterococcus faecium N03-0072 carries a new VanD-type vancomycin resistance determinant: characterization of the VanD5 operon.

OBJECTIVES To genotypically characterize the vancomycin resistance mechanism of Enterococcus faecium N03-0072, which was negative by PCR for the currently known van genotypes. METHODS PCR was used to amplify the entire vancomycin resistance operon and the complete nucleotide sequence was determined by dideoxy cycle sequencing. RESULTS Analysis revealed a VanD-type operon with 94% nucleotide identity to the VanD4 operon and 90% nucleotide identity to the VanD1/D3 operons. A set of universal primers was designed in order to identify all current vanD variants by PCR. CONCLUSIONS E. faecium N03-0072 carries a new VanD-type operon, designated VanD5.
Low-Renin Hypertension With Relative Aldosterone Excess Is Associated With Impaired NO-Mediated Vasodilation

Recent studies suggest that hypertension associated with low renin status and hyperaldosteronism is associated with increased risk for end-organ damage and cardiovascular events compared with other forms of hypertension. Additionally, experimental studies have demonstrated impaired nitric oxide-mediated bioactivity in these states. To investigate the relation between renin/aldosterone status and resistance vessel function, we examined plasma renin activity, serum aldosterone level, and forearm blood flow responses to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator methacholine and the endothelium-independent vasodilators sodium nitroprusside and verapamil using venous occlusion plethysmography in 130 volunteers (43 hypertensive, 87 normotensive). Low renin status was associated with impaired responses to methacholine and nitroprusside in patients with hypertension. Peak methacholine response was 8.7±5.6 mL/min per dL in the lowest renin quartile (0.1 to 0.3 ng/mL per hour) versus 14.3±7.3 mL/min per dL in the highest 3 renin quartiles combined (0.4 to 4.6 ng/mL per hour; P<0.001). Peak nitroprusside response was 5.6±2.3 mL/min per dL in the lowest renin quartile versus 13.3±4.1 mL/min per dL in the highest 3 renin quartiles combined (P<0.001). Blood pressure and other clinical characteristics were similar in all 4 quartiles. Vasodilator responses to verapamil did not relate to renin activity. Methacholine and nitroprusside responses did not relate to renin status in normotensive controls (P=0.34). Importantly, hypertensive patients with a high aldosterone/renin ratio also had impaired responses to methacholine. This study demonstrates that low-renin hypertension is associated with marked impairment of nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation of resistance vessels in the forearm vasculature of humans. This impairment could contribute to adverse outcomes in patients with low-renin hypertension and relative aldosterone excess.