Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
To Run a Constitution: The Legitimacy of the Administrative State

In 1887, the centennial year of the American Constitution, Woodrow Wilson wrote that "it is getting to be harder to run a constitution than to frame one. " The context for Wilson's comment was an essay calling for sound principles of administration that would enable government officials to "run" a constitution well. Wilson and his fellow civil-service reformers had a profound influence on the development of American administrative institutions. Unfortunately, the reformers paid more attention to the exigencies of running a constitution than to the Constitution itself. They and their intellectual progeny developed a theory of administration that was at odds with the theory of the Constitution. As a result, we find ourselves living today in what we often call an "administrative state" a state seemingly bereft of legitimating principles grounded in the political thought of the framers of the Constitution. In "To Run a Constitution," John A. Rohr takes seriously two basic premises: d Tocqueville's belief that citizens are corrupted by ebeying powers they believe to be illegitimate, and the view that, despite present political sentiment, the administrative state is here to stay. The book focuses on the important question of whether the administrative state, an abiding presence in American politics, can be justified in terms of the American constitutional tradition. In addressing this question, Rohr goes beyond considerations of case law to examine the principles of the Constitution both at its founding and in its subsequent development. Reying on the normative character of political "foundings," Rohr analyzes three significant founding periods: 1) the founding of the Republic, 1787-1795; 2) the foundin of public administration, 1883-1899; and 3) the founding of the administrative state, 1933-1941. He judges the last two foundings by the first in developing his argument that the modern administrative state can be justified in terms of the kind of government the framers of the Constitution envisaged. On the eve of the bicentennial of the Constitution, Rohr's argument advances a new, normative theory of public administration that is intended to "support and defend the Constitution of the United States," in accordance with the oath of office taken by public administrators. It is critical reading for scholars in the fields of public administration, political science, and constitutional studies. "
In search of the common wealth: a service‐profit chain for the public sector

Purpose – To provide public sector organizations with a development map to achieve employee and customer satisfaction and to align organizational processes for goal achievement.Design/methodology/approach – The paper re‐works the highly influential and widely validated service‐profit chain and presents an analogous model, which reflects the essential differences of public sector organizations.Findings – It was found that there is a direct link between the achievement of the organizational goal and the organization's ethics and values. This indicates that goal achievement reinforces the legitimacy of the values and ethics as the basis for organizational success.Practical implications – Presents a practical model and explains, with examples, how an organization might implement this model. Identifies how public organizations can measure their customer value variables.Originality/value – Despite the popularity of the service‐profit chain there has been no model for the public sector. This has been identified .
Positron emission tomography-computed tomography in paraneoplastic neurologic disorders: systematic analysis and review.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cancer detection rate of whole-body positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in a paraneoplastic neurologic context. DESIGN Retrospective medical record review. SETTING Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. PATIENTS Fifty-six consecutive patients with clinically suspected paraneoplastic neurologic disorders who underwent PET-CT after negative standard evaluations, including CT. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Rate of cancer detection. RESULTS Abnormalities suggestive of cancer were detected using PET-CT in 22 patients (39%); 10 patients (18%) had cancer confirmed histologically. Cancers detected (limited stage in 9 of 10 patients and extratruncal in 4) were as follows: 2 thyroid papillary cell carcinomas, 3 solitary lymph nodes with unknown primary (2 adenocarcinomas and 1 small cell carcinoma), 1 tonsil squamous cell carcinoma, 3 lung carcinomas (1 adenocarcinoma, 1 small cell, and 1 squamous cell), and 1 colon adenocarcinoma. Detection of a well-characterized neuronal nuclear or cytoplasmic paraneoplastic autoantibody was associated with a successful PET-CT-directed cancer search (P < .001). Detection of limited-stage cancer facilitated early initiation of oncologic treatments and immunotherapy; cancer remission was reported in 7 patients, and sustained improvements in neurologic symptoms were reported in 5 (median follow-up, 11 months; range, 2-48 months). Combined data from 2 previous studies using conventional PET alone (123 patients) revealed that 28% of patients had a PET abnormality suggestive of cancer and that 12% had a cancer diagnosis. CONCLUSION In a paraneoplastic neurologic context, PET-CT improves the detection of cancers when other screening test results are negative, particularly in the setting of seropositivity for a neuronal nuclear or cytoplasmic autoantibody marker of cancer.
Benefits of p-cycles in a mixed protection and restoration approach

There are reasons to expect that the protection switching times of p-cycles will allow them to be considered for protecting services where previously only 1+1 automatic protection switching would have been specified, for the highest speed. Here we introduce p-cycles as an option in a mixed-method environment to protect demands that do not strictly require dedicated 1+1 APS, but need a faster switching time than provided by shared backup path protection. Results show that in a mixed services environment, realizing such demands with p-cycles rather than 1+1 APS can produce a significant capacity saving. To further explore the potential of mixed-method design, we also test an approach where individual demands are not strictly assigned to be realized by a particular method. Instead, each path may be protected with any method that gives the minimum required service guarantee, but where possible or advantageous in the overall design, paths can be protected by an even faster method than required. For instance, a requirement for 200 ms, usually served by an SBPP realization, may (selectively) be realized instead with p-cycle protection at 80 ms. This optimization of the protection method selection produces a small further capacity savings, but provides a remarkable increase in the number of service paths that enjoy faster protection than strictly required by their class of service specification. When modularity is included, this new design approach provides even greater improvement in protection quality.
Should Investors Invest in Hedge Fund-Like Mutual Funds? Evidence from the 2007 Financial Crisis

This study empirically examines the value added for investors during the 2007–2009 financial crisis from hedge fund-like equity mutual funds, including 130/30, market neutral, and long/short equity funds. We find that based on the information ratio, all market neutral funds, top 90% of long/short funds, and top 25% of 130/30 funds outperform a long-only passive index fund over the crisis period. However, we find little evidence of abnormal performance by the average and median funds in our sample, based on either unconditional or conditional four-factor alphas. The reason for the overall under-performance in the crisis period is that while short positions taken by these funds do generate alpha, the gain from their short positions is not sufficiently large to offset the loss from their long positions. Finally, the abnormal performance of short positions is found to be attributable to managers’ characteristic-adjusted and industry-adjusted stock selection skills. One implication of this study is that even though market neutral and long/short funds on average may not generate alpha, investors can benefit from holding these funds, especially the former, that can provide a hedge against down markets due to their low betas and that can be useful for asset allocation.
The Working Poor in Europe

For a long time in-work poverty was not associated with European welfare states. Recently, the topic has gained relevance as welfare state retrenchment and international competition in globalized economies has put increasing pressures on individuals and families. This book provides explanations as to why in-work poverty is high in certain countries and low in others.
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Context, Individual Income and Myocardial Infarction

Background: The incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) varies among socioeconomic groups, and geographic differences in incidence rates are observed within most urban regions. Whether spatial social differentiation gives rise to social contexts detrimental to health is still an open question. In this study, we evaluate 2 aspects of the neighborhood context as contributory factors in MI: level of economic resources and degree of socioeconomic homogeneity. We adopt a multilevel approach to analyze potential mechanisms, which involve individual social characteristics. Methods: We analyzed data from the SHEEP study, a population-based case–control study of first events of acute MI in Stockholm County in 1992–1994. Data on socioeconomic characteristics in neighborhoods came from total population registers of income and social circumstances. Results: The level of neighborhood socioeconomic resources had a contextual effect on the relative risk of MI after adjustment for individual social characteristics. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) in low-income, compared with high-income, neighborhoods was 1.88 for women and 1.52 for men. Although the degree of socioeconomic homogeneity in neighborhoods has less impact on MI, the IRR for men in homogenous low-income areas compared with men living in heterogeneous high-income areas was 2.65. For men, the combined exposure to low-personal disposable income and low-income level in the neighborhood seemed to have an additive effect but for women, a synergistic (supra-additive) effect was found. Conclusion: The socioeconomic context of neighborhoods has an effect on cardiovascular outcomes.
Activity-Based Segmentation of Canadian Domestic Pleasure Travelers to New Brunswick

The purpose of the study was to conduct a distinctive analysis for segmenting the New Brunswick travel market through empirical examination. Data was obtained from the Consumer Interests, Motivators and Attitudes (CIMA) Surveys conducted by the New Brunswick Ministry of Tourism and Parks. This study examined the travel characteristics, benefits sought from travel to New Brunswick, intention to revisit, interest in various travel activities when traveling and sociodemographic characteristics of 655 visitors and nonvisitors from Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. The results showed that the activity-based travelers are classified in three clusters: outdoor lovers, active explorers, and cultural shoppers. Statistically significant differences among three clusters were found in sociodemographic, travel pattern, activity participation, trip planning, and benefit-related variables. The study results indicated that activity was a viable basis for market segmentation and implications existed for product packaging, promotional strategies, and advertising strategies when attracting domestic pleasure travelers in Canada to New Brunswick.
On the power of randomization for the common PRAM

Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the number of nearly-constant time parallel algorithms. Paradigms and techniques have been developed to exploit the power of randomization and to obtain O(lg*n) time, linear work algorithms for quite a few problems, including linear approximate compaction, load balancing, approximate prefix sums, and range-minima. These algorithms run on most of the popular CRCW PRAM models which allow conflict in concurrent write. However, none of the newly-developed log-star algorithms run on the COMMON CRCW PRAM, one of the more studied CRCW models in the literature on parallel algorithms. The COMMON model requires processors writing simultaneously into the same memory cell to write the same value only. This restriction, which forbids conflicts in concurrent write, makes it difficult to claim resources at random - an operation which is at the heart of the fast randomized algorithms mentioned above-and it may have led to the belief that randomization has limited utility on the COMMON. In this paper we show that in many cases this inherent difficulty can be circumvented, and we present the first log-star COMMON algorithms for a number of fundamental problems. Thus, our results provide the first broad demonstration of the power of randomization for the COMMON model. <<ETX>>
Conquering condos from within: Condo-isation as urban governance and knowledge

The inner governance of condominiums profoundly matters for understanding urban governance and life but has so far been neglected in urban studies. This article examines its relation to development and suggests how several overlooked institutional processes, forms of knowledge and corresponding agents render the condominium possible through relations of governance. These multiple, reinforcing institutional elements – juridification, financialisation and commodification – are constituents of an urban governmental process we refer to as ‘condo-isation’. Drawing on interviews with condominium owners and condominium industry representatives and on related qualitative data in Toronto, Canada, we illustrate overlap between condominium development and inner condo governance and elaborate these institutional processes, agents and knowledges. We conclude by discussing implications of our analysis for existing concepts and future urban studies research.
Crime Prevention and the Built Environment

1. Introduction Part 1: The Theory 2. Classical Theories of Place-Based Crime Prevention 3. Emerging Concepts and Trends Affecting Place-Based Crime Prevention Theory and Practice Part 2: The Practice 4. A Global Perspective on Integrating Crime Prevention into Planning Systems 5. Some UK Police Perspectives on the Process of Planning for Crime Prevention. Crime Prevention and Urban Regeneration-Developing Practice in the UK 7. The Development of Place-Based Anti-Terrorism Strategies in the US 8. The Application of New Technologies to Place-Based Crime Prevention Part 3: Conclusions 9. Conclusions
Linking Entities for Enriching and Structuring Social Media Content

Social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook or LinkedIn become a reliable source of news and play a key role for being aware of events around the world. Using social media to recognize, enrich or summarize events is however very challenging. In the first part of this talk, we will present ADEL, a novel hybrid architecture for an adaptive entity linking system, that combines methods from the natural language processing, information retrieval and semantic fields. The framework enables to link all the mentions occurring in a text to their entity counterparts in a knowledge base. It is modular and adaptive since it enables to process text written in different languages and of different kind (newswire, tweets, blog posts, etc.) while entities can be of common types (PERSON, LOCATION and ORGANIZATION) or specific ones (dates, numbers) and be disambiguated in generic or specialized knowledge bases. We will show how ADEL can outperform the state-of-the-art systems on the reference NEEL challenges that happens in the yearly #Micropost workshop (2014-2016). In the second part of this talk, we will present a framework that can collect microposts from more than 12 social platforms and that contain media items, as a result of a query -- for example a trending event. We will then show how we can automatically create different visual storyboards that reflect what users have shared about this particular event. The visualization emphasizes the different aspects of storyboards. A graph view shows the relationships between microposts and topics that we automatically extract, while the timeline view emphasizes the time dimension. The user can watch and interact with the summarized view of all the topics or select a particular one with the additional details. In addition, the states of different views are persistent through the URLs which makes easy sharing possible.
Peptide receptor imaging and therapy.

This article reviews the results of somatostatin receptor imaging (SRI) in patients with somatostatin receptor-positive neuroendocrine tumors, such as pituitary tumors, endocrine pancreatic tumors, carcinoids, gastrinomas, and paragangliomas, or other diseases in which somatostatin receptors may also be expressed, like sarcoidosis and autoimmune diseases. [(111)In-DTPA0]octreotide is a radiopharmaceutical that has great potential for helping visualize whether somatostatin receptor-positive tumors have recurred. The overall sensitivity of SRI to localize neuroendocrine tumors is high. In several neuroendocrine tumor types, inclusion of SRI in the localization or staging procedure may be very rewarding in terms of cost effectiveness, patient management, or quality of life. The value of SRI in patients with other tumors, such as breast cancer or malignant lymphomas, or in patients with granulomatous diseases has to be established. The application of radiolabeled peptides may be clinically useful in another way: after the injection of [(111)In-DTPA0]octreotide, surgeons can detect tumor localizations by a probe that is used during the operation. This may be of particular value if small tumors with a high receptor density are present (e.g., gastrinomas). As the success of peptide receptor scintigraphy for tumor visualization became clear, the next logical step was to try to label these peptides with radionuclides emitting alpha or beta particles, or Auger or conversion electrons, and to perform radiotherapy with these radiolabeled peptides. The results of the described studies with 90Y- and (111)In-labeled octreotide show that peptide receptor radionuclide therapy using radionuclides with appropriate particle ranges may become a new treatment modality. One might consider the use of radiolabeled somatostatin analogs first in an adjuvant setting after surgery of somatostatin receptor-positive tumors to eradicate occult metastases and second for cancer treatment at a later stage.
Restricting activation‐induced cytidine deaminase tumorigenic activity in B lymphocytes

DNA breaks play an essential role in germinal centre B cells as intermediates to immunoglobulin class switching, a recombination process initiated by activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Immunoglobulin gene hypermutation is likewise catalysed by AID but is believed to occur via single‐strand DNA breaks. When improperly repaired, AID‐mediated lesions can promote chromosomal translocations (CTs) that juxtapose the immunoglobulin loci to heterologous genomic sites, including oncogenes. Two of the most studied translocations are the t(8;14) and T(12;15), which deregulate cMyc in human Burkitt’s lymphomas and mouse plasmacytomas, respectively. While a complete understanding of the aetiology of such translocations is lacking, recent studies using diverse mouse models have shed light on two important issues: (1) the extent to which non‐specific or AID‐mediated DNA lesions promote CTs, and (2) the safeguard mechanisms that B cells employ to prevent AID tumorigenic activity. Here we review these advances and discuss the usage of pristane‐induced mouse plasmacytomas as a tool to investigate the origin of Igh–cMyc translocations and B‐cell tumorigenesis.
Monetary Policy and Key Unobservables: Evidence from Large Industrial and Selected Inflation-Targeting Countries

Among the variables that play critical roles in the design of monetary policy, several are unobservable. These include such key variables as the neutral real rate of interest, the output gap, and the natural rate of unemployment. While individual central banks have undertaken efforts to estimate these unobservables, the approaches have generally been country specific and have not provided either systematic estimation or comparison across countries. We adopt a common estimation approach, applied to a parsimonious monetary-policy model, to provide consistent estimates of key unobservables for the U.S., the Eurozone, and Japan, and several inflation-targeting countries: Australia, Canada, Chile, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, and the U.K. Doing so allows us to obtain comparable measures of unobservables across a range of countries. We exploit our estimates to investigate issues of commonalities and convergence across countries in these key but unobservable variables.
Reservefonds gegen Naturkatastrophen auf nationaler und europäischer Ebene

Catastrophe reserve funds are used to cover the potential costs of a disaster by capital accumulation. Based on examples in Europe, especially the national disaster fund in Austria and the European Solidarity Fund, the advantages and disadvantages of such a risk management instrument are shown and possible solutions are proposed. The main criticism is the non-risk based approach of these instruments. Methodologies how one can incorporate direct as well as indirect losses within a probability based approach are presented. Katastrophenfonds funktionieren nach dem Prinzip der Kapitalakkumulation. Sie werden teilweise auf nationaler und europaischer Ebene eingesetzt, um sich gegen die finanziellen Schaden, verursacht durch extreme Naturereignisse, zu schutzen. Basierend auf Beispielen in Europa, wie dem osterreichischen Katastrophenfonds sowie dem europaischen Solidaritatsfonds, werden die Vor- und Nachteile von Reservefonds aufgezeigt und mogliche Losungsvorschlage fur gegenwartige Probleme prasentiert. Vor allem die nichtrisikobasierte Anwendung wird als Problem betrachtet. Es werden Methoden vorgestellt, wie ein wahrscheinlichkeitstheoretischer Ansatz aussehen konnte, um sowohl direkte als auch indirekte Schaden bei der Analyse mit einzubeziehen und daraus Strategien zu entwickeln, die sich langfristig als nachhaltig erweisen.