Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased Release of Apolipoprotein E in Extracellular Vesicles Following Amyloid-β Protofibril Exposure of Neuroglial Co-Cultures

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and larger microvesicles, have been implicated to play a role in several conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Since the EV content mirrors the intracellular environment, it could contribute with important information about ongoing pathological processes and may be a useful source for biomarkers, reflecting the disease progression. The aim of the present study was to analyze the protein content of EVs specifically released from a mixed co-culture of primary astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes treated with synthetic amyloid-β (Aβ42) protofibrils. The EV isolation was performed by ultracentrifugation and validated by transmission electron microscopy. Mass spectrometry analysis of the EV content revealed a total of 807 unique proteins, of which five displayed altered levels in Aβ42 protofibril exposed cultures. The most prominent protein was apolipoprotein E (apoE), and by western blot analysis we could confirm a threefold increase of apoE in EVs from Aβ42 protofibril exposed cells, compared to unexposed cells. Moreover, immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that apoE was primarily situated inside the EVs, whereas immunocytochemistry indicated that the EVs most likely derived from the astrocytes and the neurons in the culture. The identified Aβ-induced sorting of apoE into EVs from cultured neuroglial cells suggests a possible role for intercellular transfer of apoE in AD pathology and encourage future studies to fully elucidate the clinical relevance of this event.
A Conceptual Framework for Text Filtering Process Information Need Information Sources Information Filtering Stable and Speciic Dynamic and Unstructured Information Retrieval Dynamic and Speciic Stable and Unstructured Database Access Dynamic and Speciic Stable and Structured Information Extraction 

This report develops a conceptual framework for text ltering practice and research, and reviews present practice in the eld. Text ltering is an information seeking process in which documents are selected from a dynamic text stream to satisfy a relatively stable and speciic information need. A model of the information seeking process is introduced and specialized to deene information ltering. The historical development of text ltering is then reviewed and case studies of recent work are used to highlight important design characteristics of modern text ltering systems. Speciic techniques drawn from information retrieval, user modeling, machine learning and other related elds are described, and the report concludes with observations on the present state of the art and implications for future research on text ltering. Table 1: Examples of information seeking processes.
Association Between the UGT1A1*28 Allele, Bilirubin Levels, and Coronary Heart Disease in the Framingham Heart Study

Background— Bilirubin is an antioxidant that suppresses lipid oxidation and retards atherosclerosis formation. An inverse association between serum bilirubin and coronary heart disease has been reported. Linkage studies have identified a major locus at the chromosome 2q telomere that affects bilirubin concentrations. A candidate gene in the linkage region encodes hepatic bilirubin uridine diphosphate–glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1). The insertion of a TA in the TATAA box of the gene, an allele designated UGT1A1*28, decreases gene transcription. Individuals homozygous for UGT1A1*28 (genotype 7/7) have increased serum bilirubin levels compared with carriers of the 6 allele. To date, no significant association between UGT1A1*28 and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events has been reported. We performed an association study in the Framingham Heart Study population to investigate whether UGT1A1*28 is associated with the risk of CVD events. Methods and Results— The study population included 1780 unrelated individuals from the Offspring cohort (49% males, mean age 36 years at entry) who had been followed up for 24 years. Individuals with genotype 7/7 had significantly higher bilirubin levels (mean±SD 1.14±0.44 mg/dL) than those with genotypes 6/6 and 6/7 (mean±SD 0.69±0.27 mg/dL, P<0.01). Using the Cox proportional hazards model, we found significant associations between the UGT1A1*28 allele and decreased risk of CVD. Individuals with genotype 7/7 (population frequency of 11%) had approximately one third the risk for CVD and coronary heart disease as carriers of the 6 allele, which resulted in a hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.36 (0.18 to 0.74) and 0.30 (0.12 to 0.74), respectively. Conclusions— Homozygote UGT1A1*28 allele carriers with higher serum bilirubin concentrations exhibit a strong association with lower risk of CVD.
A dynamic multimodal approach for assessing learners' interaction experience

In this paper we seek to model the users' experience within an interactive learning environment. More precisely, we are interested in assessing three extreme trends in the interaction experience, namely flow (a perfect immersion within the task), stuck (a difficulty to maintain focused attention) and off-task (a drop out from the task). We propose a hierarchical probabilistic framework using a dynamic Bayesian network to simultaneously assess the probability of experiencing each trend, as well as the emotional responses occurring subsequently. The framework combines three-modality diagnostic variables that sense the learner's experience including physiology, behavior and performance, predictive variables that represent the current context and the learner's profile, and a dynamic structure that tracks the temporal evolution of the learner's experience. We describe the experimental study conducted to validate our approach. A protocol was established to elicit the three target trends as 44 participants interacted with three learning environments involving different cognitive tasks. Physiological activities (electroencephalography, skin conductance and blood volume pulse), patterns of the interaction, and performance during the task were recorded. We demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms conventional non-dynamic modeling approaches such as static Bayesian networks, as well as three non-hierarchical formalisms including naive Bayes classifiers, decision trees and support vector machines.
The Relation of Organizational Structure and its Dimensions with Staff's Quality of Work Life

Staffs are the most important capitals of the organizations. Today, focusing on quality of work life of staffs who devote more than onethird of their lives to the organization is very important and valuable. The main objective of the present project was “to examine the relation between organizational structure and quality of work life of women staff in Islamic Azad university branches”. Our method in this descriptive study was selected as correlation-based. The universal society included all women staff of Mazandaran’s Islamic Azad university branches,377 persons, and based on classified random sampling and with using krejcie and Morgan ta ble,191 persons were selected as our samples. We used “organizational structure” and “work life quality” questionnaires for gathering data. Data analyzing was performed by descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (correlation coefficient and pierson coefficient and Regression). Results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between organizational structure and its dimensions with quality of work life. Also, the components of organizational structure (for mality, option hierarchy and centralization, respectively) were some significant predictors for quality of work life.
Using public domain multiprecision arithmetic packages for computer security software applications on a personal computer

Implementation of modern cryptography needs both normal and modular arithmetic using numbers with hundreds of digits. This is often a discouragement to the use of such methods, even though a number of public domain packages are available. This paper shows how available multiprecision packages can easily be used to incorporate arbitrarily high security into computer systems. Examples using the readily available Lenstra package for the RSA and El Gamal cryptosystems are given.
Two Stage Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio using Cyclostationarity detection and Energy Detection

Dynamic spectrum access (DSA) is a promising approach for the more effective use of existing spectrum. Of fundamental importance to DSA is the need for fast and reliable spectrum sensing over a wide bandwidth. Cognitive radio is an intelligent wireless communication technology in order to increase the spectrum efficiency. Increasing efficiency of the spectrum usage is an urgent need as an intrinsic result of the increasing demand for higher data rates, better quality of services and higher capacity. In this paper We consider a two-stage sensing scheme for cognitive radios where energy detection is used in the first stage and cyclostationarity detection in the second stage.the detection parameters in both the stages is used such as to maximize Probability of detection ,on the given constraints on the probability of false alarm.
Electronic Word-of-Mouth: The Moderating Roles of Product Involvement and Brand Image

Purpose: As an Internet-based version of word of mouth, electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), the new information presented from the perspective of consumers who have purchased and used the product, have become a major informational source for consumers. The purpose of this paper aims to investigate the influence of eWOM on purchasing intention. Moreover, this study examines the moderating effect of product involvement and brand image in the relationship between the effects of electronic word of mouth and purchase intention. Design/methodology/approach: The target samples of this study are people who have ever searched for opinions or reviews through the Internet before buying the product. The survey is consisted of three parts covering the following issues, including eWOM searching experience, measurement items of each variable, as well as demographics and Internet using experience. A structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to assess the relationships of the research model. Findings: Viewing online reviews or comments is helpful for consumers because it makes consumers feel more confident on purchase decision. The results indicate that eWOM quality, eWOM quantity and sender’s expertise have positive effect on purchase intention. Most importantly, product involvement and brand image have moderating effect in the relationship between eWOM and purchase intention. Originality/value: This study provides new insights into the eWOM, which in turn affects customer purchase intention.
Susceptibilities of Candida albicans multidrug transporter mutants to various antifungal agents and other metabolic inhibitors

Some Candida albicans isolates from AIDS patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis are becoming resistant to the azole antifungal agent fluconazole after prolonged treatment with this compound. Most of the C. albicans isolates resistant to fluconazole fail to accumulate this antifungal agent, and this has been considered a cause of resistance. This phenomenon was shown to be linked to an increase in the amounts of mRNA of a C. albicans ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter gene called CDR1 and of a gene conferring benomyl resistance (BENr), the product of which belongs to the class of major facilitator multidrug efflux transporters (D. Sanglard, K. Kuchler, F. Ischer, J. L. Pagani, M. Monod, and J. Bille, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39:2378-2386, 1995). To analyze the roles of these multidrug transporters in the efflux of azole antifungal agents, we constructed C. albicans mutants with single and double deletion mutations of the corresponding genes. The mutants were tested for their susceptibilities to these antifungal agents. Our results indicated that the delta cdr1 C. albicans mutant was hypersusceptible to the azole derivatives fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole, thus showing that the ABC transporter Cdr1 can use these compounds as substrates. The delta cdr1 mutant was also hypersusceptible to other antifungal agents (terbinafine and amorolfine) and to different metabolic inhibitors (cycloheximide, brefeldin A, and fluphenazine). The same mutant was slightly more susceptible than the wild type to nocodazole, cerulenin, and crystal violet but not to amphotericin B, nikkomycin Z, flucytosine, or pradimicin. In contrast, the delta ben mutant was rendered more susceptible only to the mutagen 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide. However, this mutation increased the susceptibilities of the cells to cycloheximide and cerulenin when the mutation was constructed in a delta cdr1 background. The assay used in the present study could be implemented with new antifungal agents and is a powerful tool for assigning these substances as putative substrates of multidrug transporters.
Value of complete cervical helical computed tomographic scanning in identifying cervical spine injury in the unevaluable blunt trauma patient with multiple injuries: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of routine helical computed tomographic (CT) scan of the entire cervical spine in high-risk patients with multiple injuries. METHODS Prospective study of patients with severe blunt multiple injuries, requiring intensive care unit admission and CT scan of another body area besides the cervical spine. All patients were evaluated by means of standard cervical spine radiography. A complete cervical spine CT scan was performed during the same trip to the scanner in which other body areas were evaluated. The plain films and the CT scans were read by a radiologist in a blinded manner. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in the study. The mean Glasgow Coma Scale score was 8.9 and the mean Injury Severity Score was 24.1. Twenty patients (34.4%) had cervical spine injuries (12 stable and 8 unstable injuries). Plain radiography missed eight injuries (including three unstable) and its sensitivity was 60%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, and negative predictive value 85.1%. The helical CT scan missed two spinal injuries (both stable) and its sensitivity was 90%, specificity was 100%, positive predictive value = 100%, negative predictive value = 95%. CONCLUSION There is a high incidence of cervical spine injuries in the severe, blunt, multiple-injury, unevaluable patients requiring intensive care unit admission. Plain radiography alone is not reliable in diagnosing many cervical spine injuries. Complete cervical spiral computed tomography is superior to plain radiography. It is suggested that in this selected group of patients, both plain radiography and spiral computed tomography should be performed.
Methodology of an International Study of People with Multiple Sclerosis Recruited through Web 2.0 Platforms: Demographics, Lifestyle, and Disease Characteristics

Background. Despite evidence of the potential importance of the role of health and lifestyle behaviours in multiple sclerosis (MS) outcomes, there has not been a significant focus on this area of research. Aim. We aimed to recruit an international sample of people with MS at baseline and over a five-year timeframe, examine their health and lifestyle behaviours, and determine the relationship of these behaviours to self-reported disability, disease activity, and quality of life. Methods. People with MS were recruited through web 2.0 platforms including interactive websites, social media, blogs, and forums and completed a comprehensive, multifaceted online questionnaire incorporating validated and researcher-derived tools. Results. 2519 participants met inclusion criteria for this study. This paper describes the study methodology in detail and provides an overview of baseline participant demographics, clinical characteristics, summary outcome variables, and health and lifestyle behaviours. The sample described is unique due to the nature of recruitment through online media and due to the engagement of the group, which appears to be well informed and proactive in lifestyle modification. Conclusion. This sample provides a sound platform to undertake novel exploratory analyses of the association between a variety of lifestyle factors and MS outcomes.
APPLICATIONS OF MEASURES OF FUZZY ENTROPY TO CODING THEORY

In the present communication, we have proved some new coding theorems and consequently, developed some new weighted fuzzy mean codeword lengths corresponding to the well-known measures of weighted fuzzy entropy. A desirable property, that is, monotonicity of the newly developed weighted fuzzy mean codeword lengths has also been studied.
Association of Tuberculin-Boosted Antibody Responses with Pathology and Cell-Mediated Immunity in Cattle Vaccinated with Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Infected with M. bovis

ABSTRACT Vaccine development and our understanding of the pathology of bovine tuberculosis in cattle would be greatly facilitated by definition of the immunological correlates of protection and/or pathology. In this study we analyzed humoral immune responses in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated and control cattle (in particular, the relationship between the intradermal comparative tuberculin skin test and serum immunoglobulin G [IgG] responses) against a range of mycobacterial antigens (MPB59, MPB64, MPB70, MPB83, ESAT-6, CFP-10, Acr1, and PstS-1) by multiantigen print immunoassay and conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Following M. bovis infection, the comparative tuberculin skin test strongly boosted IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 antibody responses, particularly against MPB83 and MPB70, in unvaccinated cattle but failed to boost these responses, or did so only weakly, in BCG-vaccinated calves. In addition, the skin test-induced increases in MPB83-specific IgG responses correlated positively with bacterial loads and ESAT-6-induced in vitro gamma interferon responses. In conclusion, both the negative correlation of skin test-enhanced MPB83-specific antibody responses with BCG-induced protection and their positive correlation with bacterial loads can serve as useful markers for vaccine efficacy after challenge.
Coprimeness of fractional representations

Coprimeness of a fractional representation plays various crucial roles in many different contexts, for example, stabilization of a given plant, minimality of a state space representation, etc. It should be noted however that coprimeness depends crucially on the choice of a ring (or algebra) where such a representation is taken, which reflects the choice of a plant, and particular problems that one studies. Such relationships are particularly delicate and interesting when dealing with infinite-dimensional systems. This paper discusses various coprimeness issues for different rings, typically for H∞ and pseudorational transfer functions. The former is related to H∞-stabilizability, and the latter to controllability of behaviors. We also give some intricate examples where a seemingly non-coprime factorization indeed turns out to be a coprime factorization over H∞. Some future directions are also indicated.
Generalized Secure Transmission Protocol for Flexible Load-Balance Control with Cooperative Relays in Two-Hop Wireless Networks

This work considers secure transmission protocol for flexible load-balance control in two-hop relay wireless networks without the information of both eavesdropper channels and locations. The available secure transmission protocols via relay cooperation in physical layer secrecy framework cannot provide a flexible load-balance control, which may significantly limit their application scopes. This paper extends the conventional works and proposes a general transmission protocol with considering load-balance control, in which the relay is randomly selected from the first $k$ preferable assistant relays located in the circle area with the radius $r$ and the center at the middle between source and destination (2HR-($r,k$) for short). This protocol covers the available works as special cases, like ones with the optimal relay selection ($r=\infty$, $k=1$) and with the random relay selection ($r=\infty$, $k = n$ i.e. the number of system nodes) in the case of equal path-loss, ones with relay selected from relay selection region ($r \in (0, \infty), k = 1$) in the case of distance-dependent path-loss. The theoretic analysis is further provided to determine the maximum number of eavesdroppers one network can tolerate to ensure a desired performance in terms of the secrecy outage probability and transmission outage probability. The analysis results also show the proposed protocol can balance load distributed among the relays by a proper setting of $r$ and $k$ under the premise of specified secure and reliable requirements.
Clinicopathologic evaluation of immunohistochemical CD147 and MMP-2 expression in differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE CD147 is one of the molecules involved in regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The goal of this study was to analyze the expression levels of CD147 and MMP-2 in differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs) tissues, as well as their associations with the clinicopathologic features of DTC patients. METHODS CD147 and MMP-2 expression in 156 patients who underwent operation for DTC (100 with papillary thyroid carcinomas and 56 with follicular thyroid carcinomas) were examined by immunostaining on paraffin-embedded tumor specimens. The Spearman correlation was calculated between the expression levels of CD147 and MMP-2 in DTC tissues. Then, the association of their expression with clinicopathologic characteristics was analyzed. RESULTS CD147 and MMP-2 were expressed mainly in cancerous lesions, but also expressed in some normal tissues. A total of 55 and 58 in 156 (35.26 and 37.18%, respectively) cases showed low CD147- and MMP-2-positive expression; 52 and 50 in 156 (33.33 and 32.05%, respectively) cases showed intermediate CD147- and MMP-2-positive expression and 49 and 48 in 156 (31.41 and 30.77%, respectively) cases showed high CD147- and MMP-2-positive expression. The Spearman analysis indicated that the expression level of CD147 was positively correlated with that of MMP-2 significantly (rs = 0.86, P = 0.02). Positive CD147 and MMP-2 immunostaining associated significantly with extrathyroidal invasion (P = 0.02, 0.03), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.01, 0.01) and depth of tumor invasion (P < 0.01, =0.01). CONCLUSIONS The results have been demonstrated that the expression of CD147 and MMP-2 may be an important feature of DTC. The detection of these two markers may increase the ability of clinicians to investigate the progression of DTC patients.