Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From movement to thought: Anatomic substrates of the cerebellar contribution to cognitive processing

The cerebellar contribution to cognitive operations and emotional behavior is critically dependent upon the existence of plausible anatomic substrates. This paper explores these anatomic substrates, namely, the incorporation of the associative and paralimbic cerebral areas into the cerebrocerebellar circuitry in nonhuman primates. Using the novel information that has emerged concerning this system, proposed rules are derived and specific hypotheses offered concerning cerebellar function and the relationship between cerebellum and nonmotor behavior, as follow. (1) The associative and paralimbic incorporation into the cerebrocerebellar circuit is the anatomic underpinning of the cerebellar contribution to cognition and emotion. (2) There is topographic organization of cognitive and behavioral functions within the cerebellum. The archicerebellum, vermis, and fastigial nucleus are principally concerned with affective and autonomic regulation and emotionally relevant memory. The cerebellar hemispheres and dentate nucleus are concerned with executive, visual‐spatial, language, and other mnemonic functions. (3) The convergence of inputs from multiple associative cerebral regions to common areas within the cerebellum facilitates cerebellar regulation of supramodal functions. (4) The cerebellar contribution to cognition is one of modulation rather than generation. Dysmetria of (or ataxic) thought and emotion are the clinical manifestations of a cerebellar lesion in the cognitive domain. (5) The cerebellum performs the same computations for associative and paralimbic functions as it does for the sensorimotor system. These proposed rules and the general and specific hypotheses offered in this paper are testable using functional neuroimaging techniques. Neuroanatomy and functional neuroimaging may thus be mutually advantageous in predicting and explaining new concepts of cerebellar function. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A MATLAB Vectorizing Compiler Targeting Application-Specific Instruction Set Processors

This article discusses a MATLAB-to-C vectorizing compiler that exploits custom instructions, for example, for Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) processing and instructions for complex arithmetic present in Application-Specific Instruction Set Processors (ASIPs). Custom instructions are represented via specialized intrinsic functions in the generated code, and the generated code can be used as input to any C/C++ compiler supporting the target processor. Furthermore, the specialized instruction set of the target processor is described in a parameterized way using a target processor-independent architecture description approach, thus allowing the support of any processor. The compiler has been used for the generation of application code for two different ASIPs for several benchmarks. The code generated by the compiler achieves a speedup between 2× --74× and 2× --97× compared to the code generated by the MathWorks MATLAB-to-C compiler. Experimental results also prove that the compiler efficiently exploits SIMD custom instructions achieving a 3.3 factor speedup compared to cases where no SIMD processing is used. Thus the compiler can be employed to reduce the development time/effort/cost and time to market through raising the abstraction of application design in an embedded systems/system-on-chip development context.
Enhanced PKC b II translocation and PKC b II-RACK 1 interactions in PKC e-induced heart failure : a role for RACK 1

JASON M. PASS,1,2* JIUMING GAO,1* W. KEITH JONES,3* WILLIAM B. WEAD,1 XIN WU,1 JUN ZHANG,2 CHRISTOPHER P. BAINES,1,2 ROBERTO BOLLI,2 YU-TING ZHENG,1 IRVING G. JOSHUA,1 AND PEIPEI PING1,2 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 2Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202; and 3Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
High-order spherical harmonics solution of the Boltzmann equation and noise modeling

The spherical harmonics expansion is a deterministic alternative to the Monte Carlo method for solving the Boltzmann equation. With the spherical harmonics expansion solver it is possible to obtain truly stationary solutions of the Boltzmann equation. Rare events (e.g. small currents or slow processes) cause no problems. Small-signal and noise analysis can be performed directly in the frequency domain and more information can be obtained from the spherical harmonics expansion solver than from the Monte Carlo method. In order to obtain accurate results, it is necessary to consider a sufficient number of spherical harmonics in the simulations, especially if transport is quasi-ballistic.
Locating the orbits delineated by tidal streams

We describe a technique that finds orbits through the Galaxy that are consistent with measurements of a tidal stream, taking into account the extent that tidal streams do not precisely delineate orbits. We show that if accurate line-of-sight velocities are measured along a well-defined stream, the technique recovers the underlying orbit through the Galaxy and predicts the distances and proper motions along the stream to high precision. As the error bars on the location and velocities of the stream grow, the technique is able to find more and more orbits that are consistent with the data and the uncertainties in the predicted distances and proper motions increase. With radial velocity data along a stream ∼40° long and ≲0.3° wide on the sky accurate to ∼1 km s ―1 , the precisions of the distances and tangential velocities along the stream are 4 per cent and 5 km s ―1 , respectively. The technique can be used to diagnose the Galactic potential: if circular speed curve is actually flat, both a Keplerian potential and Φ(r) ∝ r are readily excluded. Given the correct radial density profile for the dark halo, the halo's mass can be determined to a precision of 5 per cent.
The Risks and Rewards of Coming Out in an Uncertain World

Coming to terms with being gay and “coming out of the closet” about one's sexual orientation, even in a world that is becoming more enlightened about homosexuality and more accepting of it are still challenging at both the intrapsychic and transactional levels. This article examines the risks and rewards of openly living gay.
Application of Taguchi Method to Investigate the Effects of Process Factors on the Production of Industrial Piroxicam Polymorphs and Optimization of Dissolution Rate of Powder

Piroxicam has two different crystalline forms (known as needle and cubic forms), that they are different in physicochemical properties such as biological solubility. In the current research, using Taguchi experimental design approach the influences of five operating variables on formation of the piroxicam polymorph shapes in recrystallization were studied. The variables include type of solvent, cooling methods, type of mixture paddle, pH, and agitator speed. Statistical analysis of results revealed the significance order of factors affecting the product quality and quantity. At first using the Taguchi experimental method, the influence of process factors on the yield, particle size and dissolution rate of piroxicam powder was statistically investigated. The optimum conditions to achieve the best dissolution rate of piroxicam were determined experimentally. The results were analyzed using Qualitek4 software and it was revealed that the type of solvent and method of cooling respectively are the most important factors that affect the dissolution rate. It was also experimentally achieved that some factors such as type of agitator paddle, pH and agitation rate have no significant effects on dissolution rate.
Task‐sensitive reconfiguration of corticocortical 6–20 Hz oscillatory coherence in naturalistic human performance

Electrophysiological oscillatory coherence between brain regions has been proposed to facilitate functional long‐range connectivity within neurocognitive networks. This notion is supported by intracortical recordings of coherence in singled‐out corticocortical connections in the primate cortex. However, the manner in which this operational principle manifests in the task‐sensitive connectivity that supports human naturalistic performance remains undercharacterized. Here, we demonstrate task‐sensitive reconfiguration of global patterns of coherent connectivity in association with a set of easier and more demanding naturalistic tasks, ranging from picture comparison to speech comprehension and object manipulation. Based on whole‐cortex neuromagnetic recording in healthy behaving individuals, the task‐sensitive component of long‐range corticocortical coherence was mapped at spectrally narrow‐band oscillatory frequencies between 6 and 20 Hz (theta to alpha and low‐beta bands). This data‐driven cortical mapping unveiled markedly distinct and topologically task‐relevant spatiospectral connectivity patterns for the different tasks. The results demonstrate semistable oscillatory states relevant for neurocognitive processing. The present findings decisively link human behavior to corticocortical coherence at oscillatory frequencies that are widely thought to convey long‐range, feedback‐type neural interaction in cortical functional networks. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2455–2469, 2015. © 2015 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative abnormalities of fetal DNA in maternal serum in preeclampsia.

BACKGROUND There is much recent interest in the biologic and diagnostic implication of cell-free non-host DNA in the plasma and serum of human subjects. To determine if quantitative abnormalities of circulating non-host DNA may be associated with certain pathologic processes, we used circulating fetal DNA in preeclampsia as a model system. METHODS We studied 20 preeclamptic women and 20 control subjects of comparable gestational age (means, 32 and 33 weeks, respectively). Male fetal DNA in maternal serum was measured using real-time quantitative PCR for the SRY gene on the Y chromosome. RESULTS The imprecision (CV) of the assay was 2.7%. The median circulating fetal DNA was increased fivefold in 20 preeclamptic women compared with 20 control pregnant women (381 vs 76 genome-equivalents/mL, P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that preeclampsia is associated with disturbances in the liberation and/or clearance mechanisms of circulating DNA. These results also raise the possibility that measurement of circulating DNA may prove useful as a marker for the diagnosis and/or monitoring of preeclampsia.
A stochastic method for the detection of anomalous energy consumption in hybrid industrial systems

In the presented work, the detection of anomalous energy consumption in hybrid industrial production systems is investigated. A model-based approach with a timed hybrid automaton as overall system model is employed for anomaly detection. The approach is based on the assumption of several system modes, i.e. phases with continuous system behavior. Transitions between the modes are attributed to discrete control events such as on/off signals. The underlying discrete event system which comprises both system modes and transitions is modeled as finite state machine. The focus of this paper is set on the modeling of the energy consumption in the particular system modes. Sequences of stochastic state space models are employed for this purpose. Model learning and anomaly detection for this approach are considered. The proposed approach is further evaluated in a small model factory. The experimental results show significant improvements compared to existing approaches to anomaly detection in hybrid industrial systems.
Digital Materiality: Preserving Access to Computers as Complete Environments

This paper addresses a particular domain within the sphere of activity that is coming to be known as personal digital papers or personal digital archives. We are concerned with contemporary writers of belles-lettres (fiction, poetry, and drama), and the implications of the shift toward word processing and other forms of electronic text production for the future of the cultural record, in particular literary scholarship. The urgency of this topic is evidenced by the recent deaths of several high-profile authors, including David Foster Wallace and John Updike, both of whom are known to have left behind electronic records containing unpublished and incomplete work alongside of their more traditional manuscript materials. We argue that literary and other creatively-oriented originators offer unique challenges for the preservation enterprise, since the complete digital context for individual records is often of paramount importance—what Richard Ovenden, in a helpful phrase (in conversation) has termed “the digital materiality of digital culture. ” We will therefore discuss preservation and access scenarios that account for the computer as a complete artifact and digital environment, drawing on examples from the born-digital materials in literary collections at Emory University, the Harry Ransom Center at The University of Texas at Austin, and the University of Maryland.
Computational Discovery of Gene Regulatory Binding Motifs: A Bayesian Perspective

The Bayesian approach together with Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques has provided an attractive solution to many important bioinformatics problems such as multiple sequence alignment, microarray analysis and the discovery of gene regulatory binding motifs. The employment of such methods and, more broadly, explicit statistical modeling, has revolutionized the field of computational biology. After reviewing several heuristicsbased computational methods, this article presents a systematic account of Bayesian formulations and solutions to the motif discovery problem. Generalizations are made to further enhance the Bayesian approach. Motivated by the need of a speedy algorithm, we also provide a perspective of the problem from the viewpoint of optimizing a scoring function. We observe that scoring functions resulting from proper posterior distributions, or approximations to such distributions, showed the best performance and can be used to improve upon existing motif-finding programs. Simulation analyses and a real-data example are used to support our observation.
Hierarchical Protocol for Byzantine Agreement in a Peer-to-Peer Overlay Network

Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems are composed of large number and various types of processes interconnected in networks. Peers may not suffer from only stop fault but also Byzantine fault. We have to discuss how to make a system tolerant of Byzantine faults of processes. In order to reduce the overhead of Byzantine agreement (BA), we consider a hierarchical group (HG) composed of subgroups. Each subgroup shares at least one of correct processes named gateway ones with other subgroups. Even if a leader process of a subgroup is faulty, all the correct processes can make an agreement on the correct value in a whole group because correct gateway processes forward correct values to the subgroup. We evaluate the protocol compared with traditional protocols in terms of number of messages and rounds
Jointly Encoding Protein Sequences and their Secondary Structure Information

In this paper we study the problem of jointly encoding the amino acid sequence and the secondary structure information of proteins, in the current format in which more and more proteins are stored in Swiss-Prot database. The new method, dubbed ProtCompSecS, combines the compressor ProtComp previously designed only for amino acid sequences, with a dictionary based method, where the dictionary containing the patterns for representing the secondary structure is obtained by suitably processing the Dictionary of Protein Secondary Structure (DSSP) data base. We experimented with protein sequences of 14 complete proteomes. When comparing the performance of ProtCompSecS algorithm with that of ProtComp algorithm, for those sequences that have annotated secondary structure information, it surprisingly appeared that encoding both sequence and secondary structure information is more efficient than encoding the protein sequence alone (without knowledge of the secondary structure). This is a strong argument for claiming that the secondary structure has a high descriptive value for modeling and understanding the primary structure (the amino acid sequence) of a protein.
Estimating uncertainty in dense stereo disparity maps

Dense stereo is a well studied problem in computer vision. Generally dense stereo algorithms provide only a single estimate of disparity, ignoring uncertainty in the disparity map. Here however, we present a new, linear-time, exact method for recovering entire distributions for disparity at all pixels. This is accomplished by using a recent extension, due to Durbin et al., of the well-known forward-backward algorithm to work with two unsynchronised input streams, rather than just one as in the conventional case. The two input streams, in the stereo context are simply two corresponding epipolar lines, one from each stereo image. Specifically we consider the problem of view interpolation. The availability of a distribution over disparity is particularly appealing here. In that case, disparities themselves are not the required end product, but merely an intermediate representation. It is therefore unnecessary to estimate a unique disparity map. Instead, the image intensity at each cyclopean pixel can be estimated as a mean of predicted intensities for all possible disparities. These principles are illustrated for a teleconferencing application: enabling eye contact by positioning a virtual camera at the centre of a display screen used in a two-way conference. We show that the new approach can significantly improve the quality of the interpolated cyclopean image, compared with using unique estimated disparities.
Exact Replication of k-th-to-Default Swaps with First-to-Default Swaps

This article establishes some basic relationships between k-th-to-default events in a credit basket and first-to-default events in sub-baskets. We exploit the observed properties to determine relationships between the corresponding probability distributions. One possible application is the pricing and replication of a k-th-to-default swap with first-todefault swaps on sub-baskets. This replication can be adapted to synthetic tranche pricing, in particular, for the trading of tranche-lets in the equity tranche bracket. Moreover, the additional insight into the basket probability distribution provides a useful tool to test basket models for consistency. In particular, when some model aspects are based upon parameter mappings or interpolation routines. ∗Hans-Juergen Brasch is an Executive Director in the Global Financial Engineering team of Rabobank International. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author alone acting in his personal capacity and do not necessarily reflect the views, opinions or policies of Rabobank International or of any of its affiliates. Neither Rabobank International nor any of its affiliates accepts any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or functionality of any information disclosed or described in this paper. Email address: hans-juergen.brasch@rabobank.com
Innovation Cooperation and Innovation activity: The impact on the case of Slovenian Enterprises

Innovation cooperation has been recognised as an important determinant of enterprises’ innovation activity, productivity, and growth, and has recently become the subject of intensive research. We explore the importance of innovation cooperation for the innovation activity of Slovenian enterprises, and identify what kind of innovation cooperation is the most “productive” for innovation activities. Probit estimations confirmed external innovation cooperation as one of the most important incentives for innovation activity, next to R&D spending. Significant influence is confirmed for domestic and for international innovation cooperation, though domestic cooperation recently more likely brings results. The efficiency varies also by type of partners; while inter-firm innovation cooperation significantly increases the probability of innovation, this was not found regarding cooperation with universities and R&D institutes. Innovation cooperation strategy The strategy of innovation cooperation should thus not exclude internationalization, and involve not only related enterprises, but also buyers and suppliers, from both domestic and international markets. All other types of innovation partners, especially public institutions need careful management.
Power Analysis of Mobile 3D Graphics

The world of 3D graphics, until recently restricted to high-end workstations and game consoles, is rapidly expanding into the domain of mobile platforms such as cellular phones and PDAs. Even as the mobile chip market is poised to exceed production of 500 million chips per year, incorporation of 3D graphics in handhelds poses several serious challenges to the hardware designer. Compared with other platforms, graphics on handhelds have to contend with limited energy supplies and lower computing horsepower. Nevertheless, images must still be rendered at high quality since handheld screens are typically held closer to the observer's eye, making imperfections and approximations very noticeable. In this paper, we provide an in-depth quantitative analysis of the power consumption of mobile 3D graphics pipelines. We analyze the effects of various 3D graphics factors such as resolution, frame rate, level of detail, lighting and texture maps on power consumption. We demonstrate that significant imbalance exists across the workloads of different graphics pipeline stages. In addition, we illustrate how this imbalance may vary dynamically, depending on the characteristics of the graphics application. Based on this observation, we identify and compare the benefits of candidate dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) schemes for mobile 3D graphics pipelines. In our experiments we observe that DVFS for mobile 3D graphics reduces energy by as much as 50%
Inter-Industry Wage Differentials and the Gender Wage Gap: Evidence from European Countries

This study analyses the interaction between inter-industry wage differentials and the gender wage gap in six European countries using a unique harmonised matched employer-employee data set, the 1995 European Structure of Earnings Survey. Findings show the existence of significant inter-industry wage differentials in all countries for both sexes. While their structure is quite similar for men and women and across countries, their dispersion is significantly larger in countries with decentralised bargaining. These differentials are significantly and positively correlated with industry profitability. The magnitude of this correlation, however, is lower in countries with centralised and coordinated collective bargaining. Further results show that in all countries more than 80% of the gender wage gaps within industries are statistically significant. Yet, industries having the highest and the lowest gender wage gaps vary substantially across European countries. Finally, results indicate that industry effects explain between 0 and 29% of the overall gender wage gap.
Face Recognition: A Critical Look at Biologically-Inspired Approaches

This paper analyzes the merits of two biologically-inspired face recognition models, eigenf aces and graphmatching, in the context of related neurophysiological and psychophysical data. Given the ambiguity of current biological evidence, a more promising direction for future face recognition research is in the development of models that conform more closely to human perception of facial similarity.