Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION IN CHINA AND INDONESIA : PATTERNS , CONSEQUENCES , AND POLICY INTERVENTIONS

Aims and Background Economic growth almost inevitably leads to substantial movement of labour from the rural agricultural sector to secondary and tertiary industries in cities. This movement is thought to benefit both those who migrate and those who remain behind. As a result, rural-urban migration is often regarded as one of the most effective ways to reduce rural poverty and alleviate income inequality. Over the course of the next two decades, China and Indonesia are expected to transform from largely rural-based to urban-based societies. For both countries, it is estimated that approximately two thirds of the rural labour force will migrate to urban areas. Compared to most developed countries where similar population movements occurred at the height of the Industrial Revolution, China and Indonesia are expected to witness the phenomenon on a much larger scale and within a much shorter period of time. The underlying driving force for this is the fact that the current economic growth rates of China and Indonesia are about twice as high as those of the US and Europe during the Industrial Revolution. The unprecedented scale and pace of the migration movements are likely to confront both governments with extremely challenging policy questions, particularly in terms of taking urgent measures to properly manage the process of migration. While both China and Indonesia face similar challenges, the policies implemented and the consequences resulting from these policies are very different. China, for its part, has established a guest worker system with tight controls on the migration process, preventing overly fast migration as well as forcing migrants to keep ties with their home villages. One positive outcome of this system is that there are few slums of migrant workers in cities, despite the fact that more than 100 million rural migrants are currently employed in urban areas throughout China. However, this system has also led to large income gaps between migrant workers and urban residents, partly due to constraints on the types of jobs to which migrants have access (Meng and Zhang, 2001). Moreover, agricultural productivity has changed very little. Restrictions on land sale and limitations to access urban facilities prevented migrants from severing their ties with their rural land, and in turn severely hindered major progress in rationalization of the agriculture sector in most parts of the country. As a result, the income gaps between rural and urban areas have increased significantly over the last 20 years, …
A randomized phase II study of 5-fluorouracil , hydroxyurea , and twice-daily radiotherapy compared with bevacizumab plus 5-fluorouracil , hydroxyurea , and twice-daily radiotherapy for intermediate-stage and T 4 N 0-1 head and neck cancers

A randomized phase II study of 5-fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, and twice-daily radiotherapy compared with bevacizumab plus 5-fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, and twice-daily radiotherapy for intermediate-stage and T4N0-1 head and neck cancers J. K. Salama*, D. J. Haraf, K. M. Stenson, E. A. Blair, M. E. Witt, R. Williams, R. Kunnavakkam, E. E. W. Cohen, T. Seiwert & E. E. Vokes Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham; Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology; Cancer Research Center; Section of Otolaryngology/ Head and Neck Surgery; Section of Hematology Oncology, Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
Optimal design of complex FIR filters with arbitrary magnitude and group delay responses

This paper presents a method for the frequency-domain design of digital finite impulse response filters with arbitrary magnitude and group delay responses. The method can deal with both the equiripple design problem and the peak constrained least squares (PCLS) design problem. Consequently, the method can also be applied to the equiripple passbands and PCLS stopbands design problem as a special case of the PCLS design. Both the equiripple and the PCLS design problems are converted into weighted least squares optimization problems. They are then solved iteratively with appropriately updated error weighting functions. A novel scheme for updating the error weighting function is developed to incorporate the design requirements. Design examples are included in order to compare the performance of the filters designed using the proposed scheme and several other existing methods.
Hierarchical Planning with 3 D Local Multiresolution Obstacle Avoidance for Micro Aerial Vehicles

Micro aerial vehicles (MAVs), such as multicopters, are particular well suited for the inspection of human-built structures, e. g. , for maintenance or disaster management. Today, the operation of MAVs in the close vicinity of these structures requires a human operator to remotely control the vehicle. For fully autonomous operation, a detailed model of the environment is essential. Building such a model by means of autonomous exploration is time consuming and delays the execution of the main mission. In many real-world applications, a coarse model of the environment already exists and can be used for highlevel planning. Nevertheless, detailed obstacle maps, needed for safe navigation, are often not available. We employ the coarse information for global mission and path planning and refine the path on the fly, whenever the vehicle can acquire information with its onboard sensors. To allow for fast replanning during the flight, we present a 3D local multiresolution path planning approach making online grid-based planning for our MAV platform tractable.
Integrating Information Across Saccadic Eye Movements

1. Address correspor\dence to Paul Bloom, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; e-mail: blooni@u. arizona.edu. 2. Not all object individuation is plausibly viewed as emerging from an innate object module. In particular, the identification of objects in a static scene draws on a person's prior experience with the objects and on sensitivity to cues such as discontinuities in color and texture. These are the same factors that apply for the individuation of nonobject entities such as parts, suggesting that the procedures for nonobject individuation can sometimes extend to objects as well. Note, however, that although infants are sensitive to object properties such as spatiotemporal continuity, the ability to exploit these other types of cues is not present early in development (for discussion, see Baillargeon &c Hanko-Summers, 1990; Spelke, Breinlinger, )acobson, & Phillips, 1993). This developmental dissociation suggests that although the two modes of individuation might sometimes apply to the same entities (objects), they are nonetheless distinct.
Transdisciplinary Application of Cross-Scale Resilience

The cross-scale resilience model was developed in ecology to explain the emergence of resilience from the distribution of ecological functions within and across scales, and as a tool to assess resilience. We propose that the model and the underlying discontinuity hypothesis are relevant to other complex adaptive systems, and can be used to identify and track changes in system parameters related to resilience. We explain the theory behind the cross-scale resilience model, review the cases where it has been applied to non-ecological systems, and discuss some examples of social-ecological, archaeological/ anthropological, and economic systems where a cross-scale resilience analysis could add a quantitative dimension to our current understanding of system dynamics and resilience. We argue that the scaling and diversity parameters suitable for a resilience analysis of ecological systems are appropriate for a broad suite of systems where non-normative quantitative assessments of resilience are desired. Our planet is currently characterized by fast environmental and social change, and the cross-scale resilience model has the potential to quantify resilience across many types of complex adaptive systems.
Motives to remit: some microeconomic evidence from Pakistan

Using household economic survey data for the years 2005-06 and 2007-08, we examine the economic, demographic and geographical characteristics of remittance receiving households in Pakistan. We find that altruism is the most likely motive behind the remittances sent back by Pakistanis living abroad. However, co-insurance and investment may also have played some role. Gender of the household head, household size, family income and urban/rural setting appear to be the remittances' main determinants, whereas education and family wealth play a minor role.
Identification of a Monogenic Locus (jams1) Causing Juvenile Audiogenic Seizures in Mice

Epilepsy is a debilitating disease with a strong genetic component. Positional cloning has identified a few genes for rare monogenic epilepsy syndromes; however, the genetics of common human epilepsies are too complex to be analyzed easily by current techniques. Mouse models of epilepsy can further this analysis by eliminating genetic background heterogeneity and enabling the production of sufficient numbers of offspring. Here, we report that Black Swiss mice have a heretofore unrecognized specific susceptibility to audiogenic seizures. These seizures are characterized by wild running, loss of righting reflex, and tonic flexion and extension, and are followed by a postictal period. The susceptibility to these seizures is developmentally regulated, peaking at 21 d of age and nearly disappearing by adulthood. Interestingly, both the susceptibility to seizures and their developmental regulation appear unrelated to hearing thresholds in the Black Swiss strain and backcrossed progeny. Genetic mapping and linkage analysis of hybrid mice localize the seizure gene,jams1 (juvenile audiogenic monogenic seizures), to a 1.6 ± 0.5 centimorgan (cM) region on mouse chromosome 10, delimited by the gene basigin (Bsg) and marker D10Mit140. Interestingly, the majority of the critical region is syntenic to a region on human chromosome 19p13.3 implicated in a familial form of juvenile febrile convulsions. Cloning the gene for audiogenic seizures in these mice may provide important insight into the fundamental mechanisms for developmentally regulated human epilepsy syndromes.
Neighborhood Social Processes, Physical Conditions, and Disaster-Related Mortality: The Case of the 1995 Chicago Heat Wave

The authors draw on Klinenberg's (2002) ethnography and recent neighborhood theory to explain community-level variation in mortality during the July 1995 Chicago heat wave. They examine the impact of neighborhood structural disadvantage on heat wave mortality and consider three possible intervening mechanisms: social network interaction, collective efficacy, and commercial conditions. Combining Census and mortality data with the 1995 Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods Community Survey and Systematic Social Observation, the authors estimate hierarchical Poisson models of death rates both during the 1995 heat wave and comparable, temporally proximate July weeks (1990-94, 1996). They find that neighborhood affluence was negatively associated with heat wave mortality. Consistent with Klinenberg's ethnographic study of the Chicago heat wave, commercial decline was positively associated with heat wave mortality and explains the affluence effect. Where commercial decline was low, neighborhoods were largely protected from heat-related mortality. Although social network interaction and collective efficacy did not influence heat wave mortality, collective efficacy was negatively associated with mortality during comparable July weeks (when no heat wave occurred). Unequal distribution of community-based resources had important implications for geographic differences in survival rates during the Chicago heat wave, and may be relevant for other disasters.
Mobile Device Percussion Parade

In this paper, we present the “Mobile Device Marching Band” (MDMB) as a new mode of musical performance with mobile computing devices. We define an MDMB to be, at its most general, any ensemble utilizing mobile computation that can travel as it performs, with the performance being independent of its location. We will discuss the affordances and limitations of mobile-based instrument design and performance, specifically within the context of a “moving” ensemble. We will also discuss the use of a Mobile Device Marching Band as an educational tool. Finally, we will explore our implementation of an MDMB, an electronic Brazilian percussion ensemble.
Global Financial Crisis in South Asia and its Impact on Pakistan’s SMEs Sector by Using CGE Model

This research investigates the Global Financial Crisis in South Asia and its impact on SMEs sector in Pakistan by using GE model. The main objectives of this research are to provide detailed overview of Globalization economic crisis and SMEs sector by using the General Equilibrium Model. Data were collected from 400 SMEs by using cross sectional data from four provinces by using simple random techniques. The Global trade analysis Purdue (GTAP) model is used to analyze the possible impact of Globalization on Pakistan’s economy in single-country, single-sector applied General Equilibrium frame work. It was revealed that from last two year globalization and economic recession has negative impact on the SMEs sector in Pakistan. After employing the simplified static analysis framework based on simulations reveal that Globalization Economic recession have influenced negatively on the economy of Pakistan The general inflation rate is increased and living standard is decreased and purchasing power is also decreased it has negative impact of the growth of SMEs in Pakistan and ultimately the economy of Pakistan.
An Improved Mining Algorithm of Maximal Frequent Itemsets

Mining maximal frequent itemsets is very important in many data mining applications. How to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of mining algorithm has become an interesting issue in the world. In this paper, we introduce a new method to solve this problem, which is based on graph theory. Firstly, the concept of directed itemsets graph and the trifurcate linked list storage structure are proposed. Secondly, the mining algorithm of maximal frequent itemsets based on this kind of structure is presented and developed. Finally, through some experimental analyses on the standard data sets, the results have demonstrated that the proposed mining algorithm can realize one time database scanning and improve time-storage efficiency a lot.
Empirical likelihood inference for a common mean in the presence of heteroscedasticity

The authors develop empirical likelihood (EL) based methods of inference for a common mean using data from several independent but nonhomogeneous populations. For point estimation, they propose a maximum empirical likelihood (MEL) estimator and show that it is n‐consistent and asymptotically optimal. For confidence intervals, they consider two EL based methods and show that both intervals have approximately correct coverage probabilities under large samples. Finite‐sample performances of the MEL estimator and the EL based confidence intervals are evaluated through a simulation study. The results indicate that overall the MEL estimator and the weighted EL confidence interval are superior alternatives to the existing methods.
Environmental certification of Lillehammer Youth Olympic Games

This master thesis was an initiative of the Lillehammer Youth Olympic Games Organising Committee administration, represented by Tomas Holmestad and Magne Vikoren. The main research question is: Which environmental certification systems can be relevant and applicable to large sports events like the Youth Olympic Games? The Youth Olympic Games (YOG) is an initiative by the International Olympic Committee. The vision of the YOG is to inspire young people, between 15 and 18 years old, around the world to participate in sport, and to live by the Olympic Values. It is meant as a sporting event of the highest level for young people, integrating education and culture. Lillehammer was presented as the host city of the second Youth Olympic Winter Games in December 7, 2011. The games will be held for ten days in February 2016 and it is estimated that 1100 athletes from 70 nations will be competing in more than 60 exercises. The thesis gives a thorough presentation of Sustainability, Environmental Management and Corporate Social Responsibility and connects this to the context of an event. Different environmental certification schemes are presented and evaluated with regard to their relevance to the event industry, adaptability and credibility. To support these evaluations the thesis also analyses how environmental certifications were applied to former events. It is also evaluated how an audit can secure the proper implementation of the Environmental Management System. This thesis recognizes the ISO 20212 as the most relevant standard for an event like the YOG. Despite its low age, the standard passed the test of the 2012 London Olympics with flying colours. The fact that it is backed by the International Organization for Standardisation, who has long experience with environmental standards through the ISO 14000-series, strengthens the impression.
Evaluating Environmental Scenes Using Dynamic Versus Static Displays

Perceivers’ assessments of dynamic and static displays of environmental scenes were compared to evaluate how readily responses to static displays can be extrapolated to experience in situ. The dynamic displays were videotaped segments taken along a route presenting transition events characterized by the property mystery. The static displays were freeze frames from each segment. Results indicated that assessments of static displays do not simply parallel those of dynamic displays. Preference ratings were higher for static displays, but preference ratings in the dynamic condition were more strongly correlated with a wider range of variables. Moreover, epistemic ratings were higher for dynamic than static displays. Turn segments of the route, where the greatest amount of new information is revealed, produced the highest ratings on epistemic and evaluative variables. Differences across display modes point to a greater need for understanding environmental perceiving in relation to the dynamic quality of everyday experiences.
03 05 42 5 v 1 2 2 M ay 2 00 3 Solar-like Oscillations ( Invited Review )

The five-minute oscillations in the Sun have provided a wealt h of information about the solar interior. After many attempts, positive detections of similar oscill ations in solar-type stars have now been made. This review discusses the properties of solar-like oscilla tions, the methods used to observe them and the results on individual stars. We conclude that the study of so lar-like oscillations from the ground and space has an exciting future. Subject headings: stars: oscillations
Sequential metastases of colorectal cancer

The role of the immune system in the course of colorectal cancer has been elucidated in the last decade. While quantification of immune cell infiltrates within the resected specimen at diagnosis has a clear power to estimate the prognosis of the patient, the role of infiltrating immune cells within the metastatic situation and especially within the metastatic lesion itself requires further detailed analyses. Recent analyses of infiltrates in colorectal cancer liver metastases revealed a role for the infiltrate density not only for prognosis but also in the prediction of treatment response. This not only broadens the view on these infiltrates and indicates a systematic role of the local immunological microenvironment, but also raises the question how these infiltrates change during repeated courses of treatment (i.e., resection, chemotherapy, etc.). To address this question, sequential lung or sequential liver metastases of colorectal cancer patients were analyzed using whole slide image quantification after immunohistochemical staining against CD3, CD8, FOXP3, CD68 and Granzyme B. The clinical data and interventions were associated with each individual patient and the metastatic lesions. The resulting cell densities reveal a heterogeneous profile: after successful treatment of a metastatic lesion, the recurrent lesion can still have the same immunophenotype with similar cell distributions. In a situation of a favorable immune cell profile, this profile can return and apparently convey a similar favorable course throughout the disease. But also the opposite was found: the recurrent metastatic lesion could have a different profile with alterations in specific immune cell subsets over time. Further analyses are required to elucidate the different patterns and their associations to the treatment, the tumor cell phenotype and other dynamic factors. However, it is clear from this data however, that there is an immune cell plasticity that needs to be analyzed for individual patients.
Development of Nano Order Manipulation System based on 3-PPR Planar Parallel Mechanism

This paper describes one approach to build a nano order precision robot manipulator stage. We propose conceptual design of 6 dof manipulator structure, 3 dof in plane motion and 3 dof out plane motion. Especially, in plane motion, we proposed a 3-PPR planar parallel manipulator, which consists of three active prismatic joints, three passive prismatic joints, and three passive rotational joints. The analysis of the kinematics and the optimal design of the manipulator are also discussed. The proposed manipulator has the advantages of the closed type of direct kinematics and a void-free workspace with a convex type of borderline. In actual application, we let the connection between active and passive prismatic joint to be right angle for easy to control. For the kinematics analysis of the proposed manipulator, the direct and inverse kinematics were derived. As a physical mechanism of 3-PPR manipulator, we propose flexure hinge mechanism. In addition, in plane motion stage was constructed and the actuator components, the piezo actuator devices are specified and tested for application. Finally, the remote control system, not implemented yet, is discussed on concept design level