Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Context and background. Dreyfus and cognitive science

In Hubert Dreyfus’s critique of artificial intelligence1, considerable importance is given to the matter of context –used here as a blanket term covering an immense and possibly heterogeneous phenomenon, which includes situation, background, circumstances, occasion and possibly more. Perhaps the best way to point to context in this most general sense is to proceed dialectically, and take as a first approximation context to be whatever is revealed as an obstacle whenever one attempts to account for mental dynamics on the formal model of a combinatorial game over families of interchangeable, fixed, self-standing – context-free as it were– elements. Dreyfus has argued persuasively that the human mind always ‘operates’, if that is the right word, within a setting which permeates whatever it is it operates on. Dreyfus’s thought on these matters was shaped during the years when artificial intelligence (AI) was at the height of early hopes and initial successes. This was also a period during which what was to become known as ‘cognitive science’ was little more than a ray of light falling on psychology and linguistics from the rising sun of AI2. Neuroscience was scarcely visible. Philosophy of mind as we know it today was confined to a small, exclusively philosophical circle, and philosophy of language was only beginning to enter the ‘cognitive turn’. The whole field has by now undergone a sweeping reconfiguration, as well as an enormous development. On one hand, AI is no longer a central subdiscipline in cognitive science, and it has been thoroughly transformed by the advances of neurocomputing; it is now ‘good old-fashioned artificial intelligence’ (GOFAI3) which has become scarcely visible from the standpoint of mainstream cognitive science. On the other hand, philosophy of mind and philosophy of language have all but fused into one single branch of philosophy of which a major trend has become a partner in the cognitive enterprise. Despite the changes, Dreyfus’s analysis of AI not only continues to be relevant as a critical tool for evaluating the field of AI as it has evolved –as he himself has shown in the third edition of the 1972 book, in the book with his brother Stuart Dreyfus4 and in various papers, and as the present volume proves–, but it also raises crucial issues for cognitive science today. However on this second front the situation is far less clear, and the present essay aims at showing, on a modest scale, what sort of clarification is required. The reasons this is not an entirely straightforward matter are twofold. There is, first, the general question of the relation between Dreyfus’s work and cognitive science. Less attention than what might have been expected has been paid by either side to the other. This could be the effect of one of two opposite causes. On Dreyfus’s part, it could be seen as the consequence of his belief that his main arguments apply, mutatis mutandis, to most of cognitive science, and therefore need not be spelled out at length,
Growth Hormone Increases Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor and HMG-CoA Reductase mRNA Expression in Mesangial Cells

A dysregulation of the negative feedback mechanism of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-r) induced by hormones and cytokines may contribute to the development of glomerular injury and specifically could underlie growth hormone (GH)-induced glomerulosclerosis. The present study investigates the role of GH in the regulation of LDL-r and HMG-CoA reductase mRNA expression in mesangial cells. Mouse mesangial cells were equilibrated in a medium containing 5% lipoprotein-deprived serum (LPDS) for 48 h, prior to addition of GH (0.25 µM). Transcript levels of LDL-r, HMG-CoA reductase and GH-receptor (GH-r) were measured at days 2 and 4 and intracellular lipid content was evaluated by oil red-O staining. The addition of GH significantly increased both the LDL-r and HMG-CoA reductase transcript levels at day 2 compared to control. Oil red-O positive staining increased following the initial period of 48 h lipoprotein deprivation, but addition of GH in a subsequent 48-hour period did not alter lipid content to a measurable degree compared with control. The present study demonstrates that GH significantly increased HMG-CoA reductase and LDL-r transcript levels in mesangial cells deprived of lipoproteins suggesting that abnormal levels of GH may play a role in glomerular lipid accumulation.
ULOGA POJEDINIH STRUKTURA MOZGA U PERCEPCIJI I EKSPRESIJI EMOCIJA 3

No aspect of our mental life is more important to the quality and meaning of our existence than emotions. The word “emotion” covers a wide range of states that have in common the association of visceral motor responses, somatic behavior, and powerful subjective feelings. Traditionally, the neural substrates of emotion and emotional processing have been defined by models based on animal and brain lesion studies, which largely implicate the limbic system. Recently, the investigation has been aided by the emergence of functional neuroimaging techniques and Mirko Uljarevic, Milkica Nesic 61 specific brain regions have been hypothesized to have specialized functions for emotional operations. The amygdala is postulated to be critical to fearrelated processing, the medial prefrontal cortex for emotion-related decision making and emotional self-regulation, the insula as the brain’s “alarm center,” integrating internal somatic cues with emotional experience, and has been linked specifically to disgust. Several lines of research have implicated right hemisphere supreriority for emotional processing. The experience of emotion − even on a subconscious level − has a powerful influence on other complex brain functions, including the neural faculties responsible for making rational decisions and the interpersonal judgments that guide social behavior.
The effects of context on the correspondence between observational ratings and questionnaire reports of hostile behavior: a multitrait, multimethod approach.

Scholars who study close relationships often measure the same concept with both observational ratings and questionnaire items. In studies where this has been done, the correlations between the two measures have often been low, and one reason may be a "context by measurement" confound. Observational ratings are usually based on behaviors during a specific task, whereas most questionnaire responses are based on a broader context such as "during the past month. " In 2001, a total of 292 young couples were videotaped during a discussion task and asked to report on their own behavior and that of their partner during the discussion task and during the past month. The data were configured as a multitrait, multimethod matrix, and the magnitudes of the correlations were estimated with confirmatory factor analysis. The resulting correlations between observer ratings and questionnaire reports of hostile behavior during the videotaped discussion were roughly twice the magnitude of the correlations between observer rating and questionnaire reports during the past month. This suggests that the correspondence between behavioral categories and the content of questionnaire items is greater than previous studies have indicated.
The role of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet food groups in blood pressure in type 2 diabetes

The role of each Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet component in blood pressure (BP) of patients with diabetes is still uncertain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate possible associations of the recommended food groups of the DASH diet eating plan with BP values in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the present cross-sectional study, 225 patients with type 2 diabetes (age 61·1 (sd 10·4) years; diabetes duration 13·1 (sd 9·1) years; males 48·4 %; BMI 28·5 (sd 4·3) kg/m2; HbA1c 7·1 (sd 1·3) %; systolic BP 136·7 (sd 20·0) mmHg; diastolic BP 78·4 (sd 11·8) mmHg) without dietary counselling during the previous 6 months had their dietary intake assessed by 3 d weighed-diet records. Patients were divided into two groups according to BP tertiles: LOW BP (first tertile) and HIGH BP (second plus third tertiles). Multivariate logistic regression models demonstrated that the daily intake of 80 g of fruits per 4184 kJ (1000 kcal) (OR 0·781; 95 % CI 0·617, 0·987; P = 0·039) or 50 g of vegetables per 4184 kJ (1000 kcal) (OR 0·781; 95 % CI 0·618, 0·988; P = 0·040) reduced the chance of the presence of HIGH mean BP (MBP ≥ 92 mmHg) by 22 % each, adjusted for possible confounders. In conclusion, fruit and vegetables were the food groups of the DASH diet associated with reduced BP values in patients with type 2 diabetes, and their consumption might play a protective role against increased BP values.
Transfer of Training among the Participants Attending Multiple Skills for Administrative Support Staff

The transfer of training (the application of training in the workplace) is a critical issue faced by all organizations. This issue is concerned with the impact of training on employees and organization. Trainee’s characteristics and training design are identified in many studies as the two major factors affecting the transfer of training. This study is aimed at investigating the transfer of training among the administrative support staff that attending multiple skills course organized by Institute of Continuing Education. The objective of the study were; (1) determine the level of learning and transfer of training among the course participants; (2) to determine the relationship between the transfer of training and trainees characteristic and training design. One hundred and ninety eight (198) participants who attended the training programs were asked to rate 10 questions regarding trainees characteristics, twenty questions each regarding training transfer, and training design through a set of questionnaires. The two relationships were tested by using Pearson correlation. The findings from the study showed that there were changes in the level of knowledge, and level of skills among the participants after attending training program. The study also found that the score on trainees characteristic and training design were high. The findings indicated a positive and significant correlation between (1) transfer of training and trainees characteristics, (2) transfer of training and training design. Appropriate suggestions are offered to enhance transfer of training for future. Accordingly, suggestions for further research are also provided.
Spectator Booing and the Home Advantage: A Study of Social Influence in the Basketball Arena

In a quasi-experimental field study one possible social origin of the home advantage (HA) in sports was examined. College basketball games were attended by investigators who used a behavior observation technique to isolate blocks of game time immediately following instances of sustained spectator protest. For both home and visiting teams four measures of performance occurring during these "postbooing" periods were compared with performance during normal crowd conditions. Analyses of variance on scoring, turnover, foul, and composite performance rates revealed that episodes of spectator protest were related to an increase in the performance advantages enjoyed by home teams. Subsequent to crowd protest there were slight improvements in the performance indicators of home teams, paralleled by more significant declines for visiting teams. These declines were statistically significant for two of the four dependent variables-fouls committed, and composite performance. Two competing interpretations of these results were considered at length, and the conclusion that crowd noise had inhibited the performance quality of visiting teams was favored over the alternative interpretation that the judgment of game referees had been influenced. In either case, the data appeared to be consistent with the belief that collective protest by sports crowds is an effective type of social support which can contribute significantly to the HA.
Fingerprinting channel dynamics in indoor low-power wireless networks

Wireless low-power embedded devices are populating indoor environments, where everyday activities drastically impact communication. We explore a statistical approach to identify changes to the communication links state during system operation. The long-term behavior of the link RSSI is modeled with a normal distribution and compared against the model of the most recent measurements. A Welch's t-Test is then employed to identify whether the short-term and long-term link evolutions stem from the same distribution. Upon significant divergence, the long-term model is updated and a significant change in the underlying communication state is inferred. We investigate this technique to efficiently store a compressed fingerprint of the evolution of communication. Considering the memory constraints of low-power embedded systems, this approach allows to gather extensive information on the behavior of communication directly from the deployed network. This fingerprint could then be used to replay the network dynamics in simulation. We implemented the introduced techniques to prove their feasibility. In controlled experiments, we evaluate the reactivity and sensitivity of the approach to changes in the environment, as well as the accuracy of the resulting channel fingerprint.
YUCCA9-Mediated Auxin Biosynthesis and Polar Auxin Transport Synergistically Regulate Regeneration of Root Systems Following Root Cutting

Abstract Recovery of the root system following physical damage is an essential issue for plant survival. An injured root system is able to regenerate by increases in lateral root (LR) number and acceleration of root growth. The horticultural technique of root pruning (root cutting) is an application of this response and is a common garden technique for controlling plant growth. Although root pruning is widely used, the molecular mechanisms underlying the subsequent changes in the root system are poorly understood. In this study, root pruning was employed as a model system to study the molecular mechanisms of root system regeneration. Notably, LR defects in wild-type plants treated with inhibitors of polar auxin transport (PAT) or in the auxin signaling mutant auxin/indole-3-acetic acid19/massugu2 were recovered by root pruning. Induction of IAA19 following root pruning indicates an enhancement of auxin signaling by root pruning. Endogenous levels of IAA increased after root pruning, and YUCCA9 was identified as the primary gene responsible. PAT-related genes were induced after root pruning, and the YUCCA inhibitor yucasin suppressed root regeneration in PAT-related mutants. Therefore, we demonstrate the crucial role of YUCCA9, along with other redundant YUCCA family genes, in the enhancement of auxin biosynthesis following root pruning. This further enhances auxin transport and activates downstream auxin signaling genes, and thus increases LR number.
Leave No Trace: Environmental Activism Amidst the Revelry of Burning Man

Burning Man is a cultural phenomenon imbued with countercultural ideologies, intended to challenge the selfish, disengaged, consumerist and commodity-driven model of the post-modern world. This dynamic arts festival in the Nevada desert creates a social experiment for one week, known as Black Rock City, where 35,000 people committed to active participation, creativity, freedom of expression, and radical self-reliance converge in an exhilarating bacchanalian celebration. Such revelry, however, does not diminish the community’s commitment to social and environmental responsibility. One principle of the event is Leave No Trace, a practice of "Pack it in, Pack it Out," which puts the onus of responsibility on the participants of Burning Man. Through participant observation, content analysis, and interviews, this study examines how this effort to rid the festival of MOOP (Matter Out Of Place) creates a challenge to Olson's rational choice theory and its related free rider effect, as well as the common social risk of the diffusion of responsibility. Rather than the self-motivated practice of trying to maximize one's own benefits, the citizens of Black Rock City adopt a mindset of community engagement, civility, and other-consciousness. The consequence of this practice has led to a significant reduction in waste. In contrast to the expectation that such a festival would encourage an anarchic free-for-all and a reduction in accountability, with its associated excessive trash, the Bureau of Land Management reports that the 35,000 "Burners'' leave less trash in a week than a family of four. This cultural phenomenon, so counter to other comparable events and trends in modern society, begs sociological analysis. An examination of the transition in behavior will strive to uncover this theoretical anomaly. Beyond the revelry and Burning Man’s reputation for being “the best party on earth,” the Leave No Trace practice helps transform the Burning Man event into a true society, based in part on environmental consciousness, and intricately tied to community responsibility.
Changing Attitudes, Change Agents and Change Models: Three Exercises to Teach Change

In order for businesses, communities, and individuals to be sustainable, they must be able to change. How do we teach our constituencies to change in order to be sustainable? We will address this question in this highly interactive session. Attendees will participate in three exercises used to teach key concepts related to change-attitudes, change agents, and models to implement change. In true OBTC style, these engaging exercises will include unique elements including the use of Mr. Rogers and blindfolds. After debriefing the exercises, the presenters will facilitate a discussion on best practices and challenges in teaching change management. Proposed audience: Instructors of courses that have a change management component will get the most from this session. The facilitators are presenting exercises from an organizational behavior, an entrepreneurship, and a change management course, demonstrating the broad appeal of this session. Facilitators have used the exercises in undergraduate, masters, and professional settings. Maximum number of participants: All attendees are welcome. Over 40 participants will minimize the interactivity of some of the exercises, but we will gladly adapt for a larger audience, if necessary. Type of session: Activity-based with debrief and discussion, as time permits. Special requirements: We need a large open space to conduct one of the exercises, so a classroom with moveable chairs and tables or desks is required. Participants need no special equipment other than an open mind. If available, a computer with a projector would be helpful for debriefing the exercises and the discussion. Length: This session need a minimum of 60 minutes. A 90 minute session would allow time for an extended debrief and discussion.
A Potentiometric Flow Biosensor Based on Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria for the Detection of Toxicity in Water

A flow biosensor for the detection of toxicity in water using the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium (AOB) Nitrosomonas europaea as a bioreceptor and a polymeric membrane ammonium-selective electrode as a transducer is described. The system is based on the inhibition effects of toxicants on the activity of AOB, which can be evaluated by measuring the ammonium consumption rates with the ammonium-selective membrane electrode. The AOB cells are immobilized on polyethersulfone membranes packed in a holder, while the membrane electrode is placed downstream in the flow cell. Two specific inhibitors of the ammonia oxidation—allylthiourea and thioacetamide—have been tested. The IC50 values defined as the concentration of an inhibitor causing a 50% reduction in the ammonia oxidation activity have been measured as 0.17 μM and 0.46 μM for allylthiourea and thioacetamide, respectively. The proposed sensor offers advantages of simplicity, speed and high sensitivity for measuring toxicity in water.
Role of ceca in intestinal infection of chickens with Salmonella typhimurium.

Surgically altered and normal chickens were inoculated orally with Salmonella typhimurium and, in some instances, ferric oxide, and intestinal infection was monitored by sampling feces and cecal contents. Salmonellae initially appeared in feces in 1.5 to 22 hours, and ferric oxide in 3 to 5 hours. The organisms could not be isolated from the ceca until 24 hours. Birds whose ceca had been ligated or surgically removed had a higher shed rate than the controls. No evidence indicated that the cecum plays an essential role in establishing or maintaining intestinal infection with S. typhimurium.
Creating Digital Archives of Ancient Scriptures using CAPTCHAs

This paper proposes the use of CAPTCHAs for digitization of ancient scriptures available in the form of old handwritten as well as printed manuscripts. Two different approaches have been proposed in this paper, for digitization of these two forms of scriptures. The rare collection of these manuscripts will be lost, if not attended and preserved for future generations. Digitization is one such method to preserve our valuable heritage.
Performance Analysis of Bidirectional DC–DC Converters for Electric Vehicles

This paper presents the performance analysis and comparison of two types of bidirectional dc-dc converters-cascaded buck-boost capacitor in the middle and cascaded buck-boost inductor in the middle for use in plug-in electric and hybrid electric vehicles. The comparison of the two converters is based on device requirements, rating of switches and components, control strategy, and performance. Each of the converter topologies has some advantages over the other in certain aspects. Efficiency analysis has been carried out for specific scenarios in vehicle applications. The simulation and experimental results are provided for both converter types.
A Two-Stage Codebook Design Based on Beam Perturbation for Massive MIMO Systems

Aiming at reducing the overhead of codebook design and improving the performance of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, a novel two-stage codebook design is presented in this paper. Using the householder-transform, which perturbs the first-codebook beam direction, the second-codebook can be easily obtained. In addition, the second-codebook maintains the properties of the first-codebook and further simplifies the modality of perturbation. Then we introduce a self-adaptive algorithm for codebook selection to maximize the system performance. The self-adaptive algorithm dynamically chooses the optimal codeword of a two-stage codebook then feeds back one of the codewords to the transmitter, and it reduces feedback overhead and avoids the inaccurate channel matching caused by only using the second-codebook. Specifically, the algorithm increases the acceleration of codebook selection and reduces the complexity and blindness. The simulation results suggest that the proposed perturbation-based codebook design can improve the system bit error rate (BER) performance and can be applied to the case of multi-stream.
Random Coding Union Bounds for LDPC Coded MIMO Systems

Under the assumption of random coding, we derive a closed-form union bound on the error performance of MIMO systems. The distance spectrum of random block codes, instead of that of LDPC or turbo codes, is used in this paper for the purpose of closed-form derivation. As compared with the simulation results, the bound is useful as a performance benchmark for a concatenated coding scheme over MIMO systems in which the LDPC or turbo code serves as the outer code to drive an inner space-time modulation block. In addition, the derived closed-form error exponent and cutoff rate are consistent with Gallager's random coding exponent and the information-theoretic channel capacity in a variety of modulation and channel scenarios