Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the evolution of the oxygen minimum zone in the Arabian Sea during Holocene time and its relation to the South Asian monsoon

Abstract The evolution of the oxygen minimum zone within the permanent thermocline of the Arabian Sea (AS) during early and mid-Holocene time was reconstructed from a laminated sediment core taken from the Pakistani continental margin (316 m water depth). A trace metal proxy for water column ventilation (authigenic U) was extracted by principal component analysis from a large dataset of inorganic and total organic carbon (TOC) measurements. This proxy is compared with preservation of lamination and paired benthic-planktonic 14C data. The latter record the Δ14C depth gradient in the AS and may provide a sensitive indicator for ventilation by enhanced surface convection. Laminated sediments were preserved between 10 and 7.5 ka bp on the Pakistani continental margin and accumulated authigenic U independently from TOC accumulation. The inferred reducing conditions in the AS thermoline are in agreement with high palaeoproductivity in the western AS upwelling region. Century-scale variability in northern AS surface hydrography (recorded as δ18O in planktonic foraminifera) is reflected in the accumulation of authigenic U on the Pakistani margin. The agreement of AS surface conditions, which generally reflect the South Asian monsoon (SAM), with ventilation of the OMZ confirms a dominant influence of the SAM and summer monsoon upwelling in particular on AS thermocline ventilation during early Holocene time. However, the preservation of laminated sediments off Pakistan and palaeoproductivity in the western AS disagree before 10 ka cal. bp, and between 7.5 and 5.5 cal. ka bp. Here, the absence of lamination indicates better ventilation of the thermocline, whereas palaeoproductivity in the upwelling region was high. This suggests that other factors may also have contributed in variable proportions to AS thermocline ventilation. At present, these factors include lateral advection of oxygenated Central Indian Water and ventilation by winter surface convection in the northern AS.
Agriculture in a Changing Landscape: Modeling shifts in the geospatial distribution of crops in response to climate change

Altered patterns of temperature and precipitation associated with global climate change are expected to affect the productivity of agricultural regions around the world, with varying regional impacts. Since ideal environmental conditions vary depending on the physiological needs of specific plant types, the regions where we grow different crop varieties are likely to shift in response. This shift will have profound implications for rural landscapes and communities, as well as global food supply and international markets. In this research I use Classification and Regression Tree (CART) modeling to investigate whether changes in climate over the past 50 years have contributed to shifts in the distribution of crops in Minnesota. I incorporate climate, soil, and agricultural management data to create a time series of regression tree models which predict the acreage of three different important commodity crops, corn, soy, and wheat, for each county. The resulting models indicate that farmers’ decisions to grow corn are positively associated with warmer winter temperatures, with the temperature threshold increasing over time. Soil quality is the primary predictor of soybean acreage, with a stable threshold over time. Wheat models produced inconsistent results, possibly due to displacement by conversion of wheat acreage to corn acreage. This suggests that farmers are already employing crop-switching strategies in response to climate changes. As the impacts of climate change increase in severity, additional research and investment will be needed to help agricultural producers continue to adapt.
ISSN 2320-5407 International Journal of Advanced Research (2016), Volume 4, Issue 6, 1649-1657

Said abdeldayem. saidabdeldayem76@yahoo.com The present study was undertaken to assess the chemotherapeutic activity of 5-fluorouracil and the herbal curcumin extract in single and in combination doses against the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 and colon cancer cell line Caco-2. The IC50 values of curcumin and 5-FU against both cell lines revealed that curcumin had a higher cytotoxicity against breast and colon cancer cells (IC50= 30.01 and 27.57μg/ml) than 5-FU (IC50= 60.4 and 57.457μg/ml). The cytotoxic activity of 5-FU may be due to inhibition of DNA synthesis and the cytotoxic activity of curcumin may be due to inducing apoptosis by inhibiting proliferation of cancer cells by cell cycle arrest. Some toxic effect of test materials were observed including morphological, apoptotic changes such as cell membrane blebbing, nuclear materials fragmentation, shrinkage and margination. Anticancer potential was confirmed based on pro-apoptotic regulation of the two genes Bax and p53up compared to the internal control GABDH gene. It was found that 5FU showed a better gene up regulation than curcumin. Synergetic potential of curcumin to 5-FU was detected regarding gene expression and related pathological changes.
ISSN 2320-5407 International Journal of Advanced Research (2015), Volume 3, Issue 8, 986 – 993

Missa Mohammed Saleh AbdeAlsiede The herbal medicines derived from various plants extracts are being used for thousands of years to flavor and conserve food and utilized to treat a wide variety of clinical diseases. Leaves and seeds Chrozophora plicata (Euphobiaceae family) are distributed in West African and Asia is selected for the study to investigate its anti-oxidative activities of different solvents in polarity increase order were used to extract Chrozophora plicata leaves and seeds. The ethyl acetate and methanol extract of the leaves part have the highest total reducing power activity. While on the seeds part the ethyl acetate extract have more potent free radical scavenging activity than all the other extracts using DPPH free radical scavenge capacity assay the petroleum ether extract of the leaves and seeds part has less antioxidant activity; IC50 was calculated and compared with propyl gallate as standard. Phytochemical screening of the two parts indicates the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, sterols, saponins and tannins with different concentration. Quantitative analysis of the two parts of Chrozophora Plicata for phenolic, flavonoids and tannins compounds revealed that the total phenolic content ranged from 10.625 to 6107 and 21.625 to 2878.125 mg/L of dry weight of leaves and seeds extracts respectively which expressed as gallic acid equivalents. The total flavanoids content of extracts determined by Aluminum chloride colorimetric assay ranged from the 364 to 1697 and 25.28571 to 981.3571 mg/L of dry weight of leaves and seeds extracts respectively expressed as quercetin equivalents. The total tannins concentrations varied from 64.57143 to 2533.213 mg/l and 62.5714 to 28571 mg/l for leaves and seeds respectively. The present study demonstrated that Chrozophora Plicata leaves and seeds have potent antioxidant activity with the presence of effective phytochemical compounds.
HWWI Research Paper

Regional labor markets are characterized by huge disparities between unemployment rates. Models of the New Economic Geography explain how disparities between regional goods markets endogenously arise but usually assume full employment. This paper discusses regional unemployment disparities by introducing a wage curve based on efficiency wages into the New Economic Geography. The model shows how disparities between regional goods and labor markets endogenously arise through the interplay of increasing returns to scale, transport costs, congestion costs, and migration. The level and stability of regional labor market disparities depends on the extend of labor market frictions. JEL Classification: J64, R12, R23
Alerga: Alert Aggregation and Reasoning in GOOSE Simulation Pipeline

IEC 61850 specifies the Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) protocol as one option for low latency communication of substation-related events. Due to its strict timing requirements, GOOSE lacks any form of encryption or authentication and has only minimal integrity guarantees. These absences render the protocol vulnerable to a variety of communication anomalies, including adversarial action. In particular, an adversary with access to the substation network can launch man in the middle (MITM) attacks. We propose Alerga, a set of tools to allow operators to mitigate some of the risks of the protocol while retaining its strengths. To that end, we have developed first a GOOSE simulation pipeline including data generation, anomaly detection, alert handling, causal reasoning and data visualization components. The simulator is designed to be modular, allowing operators to swap components to better fit their network capabilities. The volume of alert traffic on a substation network threatens operators with alert fatigue. In order to combat this, we secondly present a novel form of alert aggregation and processing, offering operators a condensed view of any threats to the system. Thirdly, to facilitate the handling of these threats, our causal reasoning system traces the alerts back to their most likely cause, generating an initial hypothesis for operators to investigate.
Learning From Scenarios for Stochastic Repairable Scheduling

When optimizing problems with uncertain parameter values in a linear objective, decision-focused learning enables end-to-end learning of these values. We are interested in a stochastic scheduling problem, in which processing times are uncertain, which brings uncertain values in the constraints, and thus repair of an initial schedule may be needed. Historical realizations of the stochastic processing times are available. We show how existing decision-focused learning techniques based on stochastic smoothing can be adapted to this scheduling problem. We include an extensive experimental evaluation to investigate in which situations decision-focused learning outperforms the state of the art for such situations: scenario-based stochastic optimization.
Pollen Evidence for Late Pleistocene Bering Land Bridge Environments from Norton Sound, Northeastern Bering Sea, Alaska

ABSTRACT After more than half a century of paleoenvironmental investigations, disagreements persist as to the nature of vegetation type and climate of the Bering land bridge (BLB) during the late Wisconsin (Sartan) glacial interval. Few data exist from sites on the former land bridge, now submerged under the Bering and Chukchi Seas. Two hypotheses have emerged during the past decade. The first, based on pollen data from Bering Sea islands and adjacent mainlands of western Alaska and Northeast Siberia, represents the likely predominant vegetation on the Bering land bridge during full-glacial conditions: graminoid-herb-willow tundra vegetation associated with cold, dry winters and cool, dry summer climate. The second hypothesis suggests that dwarf birch-shrub-herb tundra formed a broad belt across the BLB, and that mesic vegetation was associated with cold, snowier winters and moist, cool summers. As a step towards resolving this controversy, a sediment core from Norton Sound, northeastern Bering Sea was radiocarbon dated and analyzed for pollen content. Two pollen zones were identified. The older, bracketed by radiocarbon ages of 29,500 and 11,515 14C yr BP, contains pollen assemblages composed of grass, sedge, wormwood, willow, and a variety of herb (forb) taxa. These assemblages are interpreted to represent graminoid-herb-willow tundra vegetation that developed under an arid, cool climate regime. The younger pollen zone sediments were deposited about 11,515 14C yr BP, when rising sea level had begun to flood the BLB. This younger pollen zone contains pollen of birch, willow, heaths, aquatic plants, and spores of sphagnum moss. This is interpreted to represent a Lateglacial dwarf birch-heath-willow-herb tundra vegetation, likely associated with a wetter climate with deeper winter snows, and moist, cool summers. This record supports the first hypothesis, that graminoid-herb-willow tundra vegetation extended into the lowlands of the BLB during full glacial conditions of the late Wisconsin.
Study on loss assessment methodology for lifeline system under earthquake disaster

The existing methods for seismic loss evaluation of lifeline engineering were reviewed.With samples of earthquake loss assessment data of China from 1990 to 2006 and data about several representative destructive earthquakes occurred in China in recent years,three assessment methods based on epicentral intensity,magnitude and epicentral intensity respectively combined with magnitude were derived using seismic experience statistics method.First,the arithmetic mean and its probability distribution model of the ratio of the loss of lifeline system to that of buildings under different epicentral intensities were determined by mathematical statistics method,and the recommend ratio was presented for a given probability of exceedance.Then the functional relationship of the ratio of direct seismic economic loss between lifeline system and buildings to earthquake magnitude were developed by least squares fitting method.Last,through the difference of areas with different intensities reflected by the variation of magnitude,the method based on the epicentral intensity was improved.
Bacterial retention in three soils of the Rolling Pampa, Argentina, under simulated rainfall

Bacterial retention by soils is a key factor in predicting bacterial transport through surface runoff into water bodies. The objective was to evaluate biological, soil and hydrologic factors that affect bacterial retention in three soil types of the Rolling Pampa, Argentina. Simulated rainfall was applied on field plots previously inoculated with Escherichia coli and simultaneously biological variables such as bacterial adsorption and distribution coefficient were measured at laboratory. Soil variables, particularly pH, exchangeable sodium percentage and organic carbon as well as biological variables proved to be important properties in the regulation of bacterial retention processes. There were no significant differences between the biological variables measured in soils and in the sediments. Most of the microorganisms in the runoff from all sites were either free of (in the < 2 μm sediment fraction) or associated with small soil particles (2 to 50 μm), therefore management practices, such as filter strips, should be regarded with caution when implemented.
Broad-band acceleration time histories synthesis by coupling low-frequency ambient seismic field and high-frequency stochastic modelling

In this study, information carried by the ambient seismic field is exploited to extract impulse response functions between two seismic stations using one as a 'virtual' source. Interferometry by deconvolution method is used and validated by comparing the extracted ambient noise impulse response waveforms with records of moderate magnitude earthquakes (from M w 4 to 5.8) that occurred close to the virtual source station in Japan. As the information is only available at low frequencies (less than 0.25 Hz), the ambient seismic field approach is coupled to a non-stationary stochastic model to simulate time domain accelerograms up to 50 Hz. This coupling allows the predicted ground motion to have both the deterministic part at low frequencies coming from the source and the crust structure and the high-frequency random contribution from the seismic waves scattering. The resulting combined accelerograms for an M w 5.8 event show a good agreement with observed ground motions from a real earthquake.
Evaluation of a physically-based model to simulate the runoff and erosion processes in a semiarid region of Brazil

A physically-based distributed model called Catchment Hydrology Distributed Model-CHDM, developed by Lopes (1995), was tested in an experimental basin, located in a representative semiarid region in northeastern Brazil. This model is a refinement of an earlier model, WESP, which has been found to simulate infiltration, runoff, and erosion processes well, in one dimension, within small-sized basins. Different from WESP, which is based on a simple mass balance that does not take into account the limiting transport capacity of flow, CHDM has a built in choice of six different transport capacity relationships. The model was evaluated utilizing the runoff and erosion data collected for natural rainfall events in the Sume Experimental Basin, where erosion plots of 100 m 2 and micro-basins of about 0.5 ha were installed. The model proved to be consistent and useful for runoff and erosion prediction in the semiarid region of Brazil.
IGDT-based Robust Economic Dispatch Problem with Wind Power Integration

Economic dispatch (ED) is crucial for efficiently operating a power grid. Critical grid operations are impacted by the uncertainty of renewable sources, which poses operational challenges for grid operations. Therefore, this study proposes an economic dispatch model that accounts for the uncertainty of renewable generation. The framework models and incorporates uncertainty into the ED formulation using the Information Gap Decision Theory (IGDT). To this end, a multiobjective risk-averse IGDT model is developed, enabling the operator to evaluate uncertainty-associated risks. Subsequently, the IGDT model is validated by employing a modified IEEE 24-bus test system with multiple wind generators. It is observed that the IGDT proposal achieves operational cost savings and adequately integrates renewable energy generation. The numerical results indicate that the proposed IGDT framework can help operators make decisions based on achieving a target cost for a given level of uncertainty.
Stabilization of a DC-DC buck converter for photovoltaic MPPT applications

This paper investigates the performance of an input-output linearization controller combined with a proportional integral retarded (PIR) control acting as a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for photovoltaic (PV) panels. The approach utilizes a DC-DC buck converter and the well-known perturb and observe maximum power searching algorithm. The MPPT system aims to extract the maximum power from a photo-voltaic module (PVM) when faced with environmental variations such as changes in irradiance and temperature. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the developed method.
This information is current as Arthritis Synoviocytes from Patients with Rheumatoid Invadosome-Forming Phenotype of Activation Promotes the Prodestructive Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor

Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. Immunologists, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2016 by The American Association of 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814-3994. The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., is published twice each month by The Journal of Immunology at U iv of C alifnia-San D igo Seials/B om ed L ib 0699 on M arch 0, 2016 hp://w w w jim m unl.org/ D ow nladed from
End-to-End Procedural Level Generation in Educational Games with Natural Language Instruction

As the role of procedural content generation in mixed-initiative game design continues to grow, it is crucial to develop an end-to-end approach that enables non-technical designers to artfully guide content generation. Recent advances in large language models, such as GPT-4, are rapidly transforming the landscape of automated generation of text-based content. Large language models have significant potential for mixed-initiative procedural level generation by providing natural language interfaces for designers. This paper presents an end-to-end procedural level generation framework that interprets natural language descriptions of level design constraints and optimization objectives to facilitate the collaborative creation of game levels for a strategy game focused on environmental sustainability education. The framework enables designers to specify a problem domain, goal metrics, and target difficulty via natural language description. It then employs large language models for the semantic extraction of constraints and optimization targets to drive the generation of candidate levels. Generated game levels are evaluated via game-playing agents trained with deep reinforcement learning techniques to ensure the game levels meet the level designer’s specifications. Manual evaluation by authors shows that the proposed framework can effectively transform designers’ natural language descriptions into fully playable game levels that reflect their intended design objectives.
Variations of Soil Physical Properties in Desertification Reversion Process at South Edge of Tengger Desert

Plots of moving dune,enclosure for 5 years,enclosure for 15 years and enclosure for 25 years at the south edge of the Tengger Desert are chose to study the change of soil physical properties in desertification reversion process by methodology of \! Temporal for Spatial\". The results showed that in desertification reversion process the total soil water content reduced first and increased later;soil sand particle content gradually decreased,soil silt and clay particle content gradually increased;soil bulk density and soil porosity gradually decreased,and the surface-soil bulk density of the plots restored for 15 years tended to be stable.It is concluded that the soil properties and soil structure of decertified land was improved,and the formation of soil was promoted in reversion process of desertification in arid areas.
NONLINEAR NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF AN ASPHALTIC CONCRETE CORE ROCKFILL DAM (A CASE STUDY)

Nonlinear numerical analyses have been performed for the highest dam with asphalt concrete core in Iran (Shur River Dam) under seismic forces. The dam has 85 meters height and is under construction in an area with high earthquake hazard with MDE equal to 0.8g. Different stages of construction and impounding were analyzed using the hyperbolic model with Finite Difference Method. Nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed to investigate asphaltic core behavior under earthquake loading. The results show that earthquake shock can lead to developing some small cracks and increasing permeability of asphalt in the upper part of the core. Maximum vertical deformations occur near the crest and at the lower part of the upstream slope but would not be sufficient to cause loss of storage under normal operating conditions. Also deformation of asphalt core is completely dependent on the shell deformation and the thin wall core can not affect the general behavior of the dam. During the dynamic loading, different displacements between the thin core and transition layers are observed.