Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corpus-Based Learning of Compound Noun Indexing

In this paper, we present a corpus-based learning method that can index diverse types of compound nouns using rules automatically extracted from a large tagged corpus. We develop an efficient way of extracting the compound noun indexing rules automatically and perform extensive experiments to evaluate our indexing rules. The automatic learning method shows about the same performance compared with the manual linguistic approach but is more portable and requires no human efforts. We also evaluate the seven different filtering methods based on both the effectiveness and the efficiency, and present a new method to solve the problems of compound noun over-generation and data sparseness in statistical compound noun processing.
DNA methyltransferase activity detection using the personal glucose meter

DNA methyltransferase (MTase), which catalyses the DNA methylation process, plays an essential role in gene transcription and is a potential biomarker for many types of cancer. Leveraging on the ease of use and portability of the readily accessible personal glucose meter (PGM), a simple method for the highly selective and quantitative detection of M.SssI CpG methyltransferase (M.SssI MTase) activity is developed. DNA-Invertase conjugates were hybridised with complementary biotin-modified DNA strands and these DNA duplexes were captured onto streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. Thereafter, methylation by M.SssI MTase was carried out, followed by restriction digest by Hpa II. The 5'-CCGG-3' sequence present in the DNA duplexes serves as the recognition site for both Hpa II and M.SssI MTase (5'-CG-3'). Hpa II specifically cleaves at unmethylated 5'-CCGG-3' sequence, and the invertase that remains on the methylated DNA, catalyses the hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose. It was found that the amount of glucose, indicated by the read-out signal of the PGM, is proportional to the M.SssI MTase methylation activity in the range of 0.5 to 80 U/mL with a limit of detection of 0.37 U/mL. This proposed method also showed high selectivity for M.SssI MTase, due to the highly specific recognition sequence present in the DNA strands. Inhibition studies with 5'-azacytidine demonstrated the capability of inhibition screening.
Inhibition of (Na(+)/K(+))-ATPase by Cibacron Blue 3G-A and its analogues.

A specific feature of anthraquinone dyes (AD) is to mimic the adenine nucleotides ATP, ADP, NAD and NADH, enabling them to act as ligands in interaction with nucleotide-binding sites of several enzymes and receptors. In the present study, the interactions and/or inhibitory effects of eight AD, including Cibacron Blue 3G-A (Reactive Blue 2), Procion Blue MX-R (Reactive Blue 4) and Remazol Brilliant Blue R (Reactive Blue 19) on the activity of (Na(+)/K(+))-ATPase were investigated. The AD used in this paper could be divided into two groups: i) AD1-AD4 that do not contain the triazine moiety; ii) AD5-AD8 that contain the triazine moiety. Interaction affinity between the respective dye and (Na+/K+)-ATPase was characterized by means of enzyme kinetics. All AD, excluding AD1 and AD2 (which were practically ineffective) exerted effective competitive inhibition to the (Na(+)/K(+))-ATPase activity. Present study is devoted to elucidation of relationship between the inhibitory efficacy of AD against (Na(+)/K(+))-ATPase activity, their acid-basic properties and their three dimensional structure. From the results obtained, the following conclusions could be driven: 1. Similarities in the mutual position of positively and negatively charged parts of ATP and AD are responsible for their interaction with ATP-binding site of (Na(+)/K(+))-ATPase. This may be documented by fact that mutual position of 1-aminogroup of anthraquinone and -SO3(-) group of benzenesulphonate part of respective AD plays crucial role for inhibition of this enzyme. Distances of these two groups on all effective AD were found to be similar as the distance of the 6-aminogroup of adenine and the second phosphate group on ATP molecule. This similarity could be responsible for biomimetic recognition of AD in ATP-binding loci of (Na(+)/K(+))-ATPase. 2. The affinity of AD to ATP binding site of (Na(+)/K(+))-ATPase increases with increasing values of molar refractivity, i. e. , with increasing molecular volume and polarizability.
Adaptive Evolution of CENP-A in Percid Fishes

Centromeric protein A (CENP-A) is the epigenetic determinant of centromeres. This protein has been shown to be adaptively evolving in a number of animal and plant species. In a previous communication we were able to demonstrate that signs of adaptive evolution were detected in the comparison of CENP-A sequences from three percid fish species. In this study we isolated the CENP-A gene from eight additional species from the Percidae family. With these sequences and those previously obtained, we carried out a more robust statistical analysis of codon specific positive selection in CENP-A coding sequences of eleven percid species. We were able to demonstrate that at least two amino acid positions within the N-terminal tail are under strong positive selection and that one of these positions is potentially a substrate for phosphorylation. While nonsynonymous substitutions were detected in the histone fold domain, these were not statistically supported as resulting from positive selection.
Cardiac receptors in the dog, with particular reference to two types of afferent ending in the ventricular wall

A great deal is known about afferent endings in the atrial walls of the heart. Histological studies have yielded descriptions of their appearance and distribution, and electrophysiological investigations have enabled their impulse activity to be extensively described (reviewed by Paintal, 1963). Less is known about receptors in the ventricles. A variety of afferent endings have been demonstrated histologically in the ventricular wall (see Discussion) but without any clearly defined pattern of distribution such as Nonidez (1937) found in the atrium. The impulse activity of ventricular fibres has been described in detail in cats (Paintal, 1955) and in frogs (Kolatat, Kramer & Miihl, 1957) but there has so far been no detailed account of these fibres in the dog. This is surprising in view of the many attempts made in this animal to evoke reflex effects by distending the ventricle (e.g. Salisbury, Cross & Rieben, 1960). The present paper describes experiments in which impulses were recorded in dogs from ventricular fibres with a cardiac rhythm of discharge, similar to those described by Paintal (1955) in the cat. In addition, other fibres were encountered with an irregular type of discharge and whose afferent endings were near the epicardial surface of the ventricles. Some further observations were also made on the distribution and nerve connexions of receptors in the atria.
Cytomegalovirus pp 65 Antigenemia-Guided Early Treatment With Ganciclovir Versus Ganciclovir at Engraftment After Allogeneic Marrow Transplantation : A Randomized Double-Blind Study

To determine whether cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemiaguided ganciclovir treatment may be as effective, may require less treatment, and thus may cause less marrow toxicity than ganciclovir administered at engraftment, 226 marrow transplant recipients were randomized at engraftment to receive placebo (antigenemia-ganciclovir group) or ganciclovir (ganciclovir group) until day 100 in a double-blind study. In patients with antigenemia of 3 or more positive cells in 2 slides andlor viremia, study drug was discontinued and ganciclovir was started for at least 3 weeks or until negative CMV antigenemia and resumed only if antigenemia recurred. More patients in the antigenemiaganciclovir group developed CMV disease before day 100 after transplantation compared with the ganciclovir group (14% ~ 2 . 7 % ~ P = .0021. Of the 16 patients with CMV disease before day 100 in the antigenemia-ganciclovir group, 10 (8.8%) had disease before or during the first episode of antigenemia and 6 (5.3%) developed disease after discontinua-
mBeacon: Accurate, robust proximity detection with smart phones and smart watches using low frequency modulated magnetic fields

We describe a proximity detection method that leverages the internal magnetic field sensors in smart phones and smart watches to allow reliable, robust detection of proximity to predefined regions of interest within a 30--50cm radius. For marking the regions, low cost, unobtrusive, easily deployable magnetic field beacons have been implemented. We evaluate our system in 5 different use cases in semi-naturalistic lab experiments inspired by different application domains.
Internet Engineering Task Force (ietf) the Javascript Object Notation (json) Data Interchange Format

JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is a lightweight, text-based, language-independent data interchange format. It was derived from the ECMAScript Programming Language Standard. JSON defines a small set of formatting rules for the portable representation of structured data. This document removes inconsistencies with other specifications of JSON, repairs specification errors, and offers experience-based interoperability guidance. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF Contributions published or made publicly available before November 10, 2008. The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process. Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other than English.
A Real Time Image Segmentation Approach for Crop Leaf

For the monitoring of crop in greenhouse with machine vision, it is difficult to extract the leaf images from natural light background, having poor imaging conditions and different plant material. To settle the problem, a color image segmentation approach consisting of fuzzy c-means clustering, morphological operation and blob analysis was proposed. Firstly, due to the low contrast in the images captured from natural light and narrow range of pixel distribute in the color space, both contrast adjusting algorithm and decor relation stretch transform were performed for image preprocess. Secondly, for the heavy computing load in the FCM, a new FCM algorithm based on color quantization (CQ-FCM) was proposed to improve the FCM computing speed greatly without affecting the segmentation result. Then, morphological filtering was performed to eliminate most noises and a two-scan algorithm was used in the connected component labeling. After that, the Blob analysis was accomplished. With the Blob analysis result, the small objects which could not be eliminated by morphological operation were filtered out and hoes in the leaf areas were filled. Finally, the leaf images were extracted. Experimental results showed that the proposed approach is effective for extracting plant leafs from complicated background and it can meet the demand of plant real-time monitoring.
Lightly supervised training for risk-based discriminative language models

We propose a lightly supervised training method for a discriminative language model (DLM) based on risk minimization criteria. In lightly supervised training, pseudo labels generated by automatic speech recognition (ASR) are used as references. However, as these labels usually include recognition errors, the discriminative models estimated from such faulty reference labels may degrade ASR performance. Therefore, an approach to prevent performance degradation is necessary for discriminative language modeling. In our proposed lightly supervised training, the DLM is estimated from a “fused” risk, which is a relaxed version of the conventional Bayes risk. The fused risk is computed in a supervised manner when pseudo labels are accepted as references with high confidence while computed in an unsupervised manner when the labels are rejected due to low confidence. Accordingly, minimizing the fused risk for the training lattices results in a DLM with smoothed model parameters. The experimental results show that our proposed lightly supervised training method significantly reduced the word error rate compared with DLMs trained in conventional lightly supervised manners.
Phylogeography and Molecular Epidemiology of Yersinia pestis in Madagascar

Background Plague was introduced to Madagascar in 1898 and continues to be a significant human health problem. It exists mainly in the central highlands, but in the 1990s was reintroduced to the port city of Mahajanga, where it caused extensive human outbreaks. Despite its prevalence, the phylogeography and molecular epidemiology of Y. pestis in Madagascar has been difficult to study due to the great genetic similarity among isolates. We examine island-wide geographic-genetic patterns based upon whole-genome discovery of SNPs, SNP genotyping and hypervariable variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci to gain insight into the maintenance and spread of Y. pestis in Madagascar. Methodology/Principal Findings We analyzed a set of 262 Malagasy isolates using a set of 56 SNPs and a 43-locus multi-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) system. We then analyzed the geographic distribution of the subclades and identified patterns related to the maintenance and spread of plague in Madagascar. We find relatively high levels of VNTR diversity in addition to several SNP differences. We identify two major groups, Groups I and II, which are subsequently divided into 11 and 4 subclades, respectively. Y. pestis appears to be maintained in several geographically separate subpopulations. There is also evidence for multiple long distance transfers of Y. pestis, likely human mediated. Such transfers have resulted in the reintroduction and establishment of plague in the port city of Mahajanga, where there is evidence for multiple transfers both from and to the central highlands. Conclusions/Significance The maintenance and spread of Y. pestis in Madagascar is a dynamic and highly active process that relies on the natural cycle between the primary host, the black rat, and its flea vectors as well as human activity.
Current signature analysis of induction motor mechanical faults by wavelet packet decomposition

This paper presents a novel approach to induction motor current signature analysis based on wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) of the stator current. The novelty of the proposed method lies in the fact that by using WPD method the inherent nonstationary nature of stator current can be accurately considered. The key characteristics of the proposed method are its ability to provide feature representations of multiple frequency resolutions for faulty modes, ability to clearly differentiate between healthy and faulty conditions, and its applicability to nonstationary signals. Successful implementation of the system for two types of faults, i.e., rotor bar breakage and air-gap eccentricity is demonstrated here. The results are validated based on both simulation and experiments of a 5-hp induction motor.
Fast and accurate semantic annotation of bioassays exploiting a hybrid of machine learning and user confirmation

Bioinformatics and computer aided drug design rely on the curation of a large number of protocols for biological assays that measure the ability of potential drugs to achieve a therapeutic effect. These assay protocols are generally published by scientists in the form of plain text, which needs to be more precisely annotated in order to be useful to software methods. We have developed a pragmatic approach to describing assays according to the semantic definitions of the BioAssay Ontology (BAO) project, using a hybrid of machine learning based on natural language processing, and a simplified user interface designed to help scientists curate their data with minimum effort. We have carried out this work based on the premise that pure machine learning is insufficiently accurate, and that expecting scientists to find the time to annotate their protocols manually is unrealistic. By combining these approaches, we have created an effective prototype for which annotation of bioassay text within the domain of the training set can be accomplished very quickly. Well-trained annotations require single-click user approval, while annotations from outside the training set domain can be identified using the search feature of a well-designed user interface, and subsequently used to improve the underlying models. By drastically reducing the time required for scientists to annotate their assays, we can realistically advocate for semantic annotation to become a standard part of the publication process. Once even a small proportion of the public body of bioassay data is marked up, bioinformatics researchers can begin to construct sophisticated and useful searching and analysis algorithms that will provide a diverse and powerful set of tools for drug discovery researchers.
Événements visuels de convexes et limites d'ombres. (Visual Events of Convex Sets and Shadow Boundaries)

Pour le calcul d'ombres en informatique graphique, il est courant de s'interesser a la vue qu'un observateur a d'une scene geometrique. En particulier, il est important de caracteriser les changements structurels, appeles evenements visuels, qui se produisent dans cette vue lorsque l'observateur se deplace. En se basant sur la definition combinatoire de la vue proposee par Gigus et Malik et la classification des evenements visuels qui en decoule, de nombreux travaux se heurtent a des problemes de complexite en temps et en espace. C'est notamment le cas de la methode du maillage de discontinuites. Nous suggerons donc une approche nouvelle qui repose sur la remise en cause de cette notion de vue. Pour un ensemble d'objets convexes disjoints, nous proposons une definition topologique de la vue qui fait la part belle aux silhouettes visibles des objets de la scene et nous caracterisons geometriquement les lieux ou se produisent les evenements visuels. Nous utilisons cette caracterisation pour proposer une methode qui permet d'extraire les limites entre lumiere et penombre et entre ombre et penombre dans une scene eclairee par des sources surfaciques. Nous arrivons ainsi a reduire considerablement la taille des objets intermediaires utilises pour la construction des limites entre les regions. De plus, nous demontrons les premieres bornes theoriques non triviales sur la complexite des limites entre lumiere et penombre ainsi qu'entre ombre et penombre.
Robust methodology for state-of-the-art embedded SRAM bitcell design

A design and verification methodology of advanced SRAM bitcell design is described. Dense bitcells, drawn for embedded SRAM memory applications, are drawn and simulated for cell functionality and stability. After first-pass design, lithography correction is determined using analytical and iterative simulation routines. Analytical corrections are tailored to comprehend not only specific tool and material platforms associated with the process technology, but are also optimized to account for process integration issues arising from mask layer to mask layer interactions. Lithography process windows are modeled though simulations based on specific stepper illumination scheme, and material systems. Process integration windows are modeled through overlay of simulated patterns while taking into account process control limits of misalignment and critical dimension. Comparison of simulated to electrical bitcell results are discussed and manufacturability considerations are addressed through electrical responses of bitcell-specific diagnostic test structures.
Embodiment vs. Memetics: Does Language Need a Physical Plant?

Although the embodied approach to AI has lead to a large number of advances in the field, there has been no convincing demonstration of one of its earliest promises: that it would solve semantic grounding. In this article, I argue that although physical embodiment no doubt plays a major role in human intelligence, it may not be a necessary attribute for artificial agents capable of participating as equals in our linguistic culture.
Rating quality in metadata harvesting

The quality of the data and metadata affects the interoperability of the collections and the quality of all processing. Our metadata quality metric helps the metadata harvester collection administrators detecting and improving the weaknesses of their metadata, and harvesters locating the most problematic collections, in terms of metadata quality, and prompt their administrators to improve their metadata. We extended and used an adaptive quantitative metadata quality metric and a tool to implement it. In controlled values, their value distribution is considered, and in free text values the length of their description. Moreover, we also consider additional information in the OAI-PMH XML responces, that is not normally mapped in metadata elements, but still contains metadata information, such as XML attributes. We used the tool to make quality observations, to examine collections for patterns and irregularities and to produce the appropriate advice for the collection administrators. Some of these observations are demonstrated here. We compared the reported quality over a 3-year period, to get a general quantitative and qualitative feeling of the diversity in the record descriptions, and the changes in their quality during their lifetime. We verified the assumption that the quality increases over time: usually by a tiny amount, in every collection, and by a lot on a small number of collections. Also, the lower quality collections are the ones that stop responding and vanish.
Demo: unsupervised indoor localization

We propose UnLoc [1], an unsupervised indoor localization scheme that bypasses the need for war-driving. Our key observation is that certain locations in an indoor environment present an identifiable signature on one or more sensing dimensions. An elevator, for instance, imposes a distinct pattern on a smartphone's accelerometer; a specific spot may experience an unusual magnetic fluctuation. This form of urban sensing and activity recognition has already been demonstrated in literature [2, 3], but not yet applied in pure localization applications. We hypothesize that these kind of signatures naturally exist in the environment and can be envisioned as internal landmarks of a building. Mobile devices that "sense" these landmarks can recalibrate their locations, while dead-reckoning schemes can track them between landmarks. Neither war-driving nor floorplans are necessary - the system simultaneously computes the locations of users and landmarks, in a manner so that they converge reasonably quickly. We believe this is an unconventional approach to indoor localization, holding promise for real-world deployment.