Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the harmonic and geometric maximal operators associated to a general basis

We examine the harmonic and geometric maximal operators defined for a general basis of open sets in $\mathbb R^n$. We prove two weight inequalities for the harmonic maximal operator assuming testing conditions over characteristic functions of unions from the basis. We also prove a that a bumped two weight $A_p$-like condition is sufficient for the two weight bounded of the harmonic maximal operator.
Neoclassical plasma viscosity and transport processes in non-axisymmetric tori

Neoclassical transport processes are important to the understanding of plasma confinement physics in doubly periodic magnetized toroidal plasmas, especially, after the impact of the momentum confinement on the particle and energy confinement is recognized. Real doubly periodic tori in general are non-axisymmetric, with symmetric tori as a special case. An eight-moment approach to transport theory with plasma density N, plasma pressure p, mass flow velocity V and heat flow q as independent variables is adopted. Transport processes are dictated by the solutions of the momentum and heat flux balance equations. For toroidal plasma confinement devices, the first order (in the gyro-radius ordering) plasma flows are on the magnetic surface to guarantee good plasma confinement and are thus two-dimensional. Two linearly independent components of the momentum equation are required to determine the flows completely. Once this two-dimensional flow is relaxed, i.e. the momentum equation reaches a steady state, plasmas become ambipolar, and all the transport fluxes are determined through the flux–force relation. The flux–force relation is derived both from the kinetic definitions for the transport fluxes and from the manipulation of the momentum and heat flux balance equations to illustrate the nature of the transport fluxes by examining their corresponding driven forces and their roles in the momentum and heat flux balance equations. Steady-state plasma flows are determined by the components of the stress and heat stress tensors in the momentum and heat flux balance equations. This approach emphasizes the pivotal role of the momentum equation in the transport processes and is particularly useful in modelling plasma flows in experiments. The methodology for neoclassical transport theory is applied to fluctuation-driven transport fluxes in the quasilinear theory to unify these two theories. Experimental observations in tokamaks and stellarators for the physics discussed are presented.
Identification of Eight High Yielding Strains via Morpho-Molecular Characterization of Thirty-Three Wild Strains of Calocybe indica

Calocybe indica, generally referred as milky mushroom, is one of the edible mushroom species suitable for cultivation in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. However, lack of potential high yielding strains has limited its wider adaptability. To overcome this limitation, in this study, the germplasms of C. indica from different geographical regions of India were characterized based on their morphological, molecular and agronomical attributes. Internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS4)-based PCR amplification, sequencing and nucleotide analysis confirmed the identity of all the studied strains as C. indica. Further, evaluation of these strains for morphological and yield parameters led to the identification of eight high yielding strains in comparison to the control (DMRO-302). Moreover, genetic diversity analysis of these thirty-three strains was performed using ten sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers/combinations. The Unweighted Pair-group Method with Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA)-based phylogenetic analysis categorized the thirty-three strains along with the control into three clusters. Cluster I possesses the maximum number of strains. Among the high yielding strains, high antioxidant activity and phenol content was recorded in DMRO-54, while maximum protein content was observed in DMRO-202 and DMRO-299 as compared with the control strain. The outcome of this study will help the mushroom breeders and growers in commercializing C. indica.
Stretching of macromolecules and proteins

In this paper we review the biophysics revealed by stretching single biopolymers. During the last decade various techniques have emerged allowing micromanipulation of single molecules and simultaneous measurements of their elasticity. Using such techniques, it has been possible to investigate some of the interactions playing a role in biology. We shall first review the simplest case of a non-interacting polymer and then present the structural transitions in DNA, RNA and proteins that have been studied by single-molecule techniques. We shall explain how these techniques permit a new approach to the protein folding/unfolding transition.
A Review of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems: Architectures, Battery Systems, and Optimization Techniques

This paper aims to perform a literature review and statistical analysis based on data extracted from 38 articles published between 2018 and 2023 that address hybrid renewable energy systems. The main objective of this review has been to create a bibliographic database that organizes the content of the articles in different categories, such as system architecture, energy storage systems, auxiliary generation components used, and software employed, in addition to showing the algorithms and economic and reliability criteria for the optimization of these systems. In total, 38 articles have been analyzed, compared, and classified to provide an overview of the current status of simulation and optimization projects for hybrid renewable energy systems, highlighting clearly and appropriately the relevant trends and conclusions. A list of review articles has also been provided, which cover the aspects required for understanding HRESs.
MESSAGE PASSING AND LOOPS SOLUTION ALGORITHM BASED ON CUT-NODE TREE

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are forward error-correction and linear block codes. An LDPC code can be described by a bipartite graph called Tanner graph(1). Loops, especially short loops in tanner graph, degrade the performance of LDPC decoder, because they affect the independence of the extrinsic information exchanged in the iterative decoding. In this paper, based on graph theory and Tanner graph, the loop structure in LDPC codes are studied carefully, a new notion, cut-node tree, is proposed to describe LDPC codes. Cut-node tree has full information of Tanner graph. So all loop features in LDPCs can be calculated relatively easy by a computer. Traditional message passing in graph is improved to avoid repeated iteration of information, a new decoding schemes for LDPC codes is proposed and can suppress repeated iteration of information in SPA. The results help to further research on related field.
Belgian Anopheles plumbeus Mosquitoes Are Competent for Japanese Encephalitis Virus and Readily Feed on Pigs, Suggesting a High Vectorial Capacity

Anopheles plumbeus, a day-active mosquito known to feed aggressively on humans, was reported as a nuisance species near an abandoned pigsty in Belgium. Since Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an emerging zoonotic flavivirus which uses pigs as amplification hosts, we investigated (1) whether An. plumbeus would feed on pigs and (2) its vector competence for JEV, to investigate whether this species could be a potential vector. Three- to seven-day-old F0-generation adult mosquitoes, emerged from field-collected larvae, were fed on a JEV genotype 3 Nakayama strain spiked blood meal. Blood-fed mosquitoes were subsequently incubated for 14 days at two temperature conditions: a constant 25 °C and a 25/15 °C day/night temperature gradient. Our results show that An. plumbeus is a competent vector for JEV at the 25 °C condition and this with an infection rate of 34.1%, a dissemination rate of 67.7% and a transmission rate of 14.3%. The vector competence showed to be influenced by temperature, with a significantly lower dissemination rate (16.7%) and no transmission when implementing the temperature gradient. Moreover, we demonstrated that An. plumbeus readily feeds on pigs when the opportunity occurs. Therefore, our results suggest that Belgian An. plumbeus mosquitoes may play an important role in the transmission of JEV upon an introduction into our region if temperatures increase with climate change.
Contactless Technologies, Sensors, and Systems for Cardiac and Respiratory Measurement during Sleep: A Systematic Review

Sleep is essential to physical and mental health. However, the traditional approach to sleep analysis—polysomnography (PSG)—is intrusive and expensive. Therefore, there is great interest in the development of non-contact, non-invasive, and non-intrusive sleep monitoring systems and technologies that can reliably and accurately measure cardiorespiratory parameters with minimal impact on the patient. This has led to the development of other relevant approaches, which are characterised, for example, by the fact that they allow greater freedom of movement and do not require direct contact with the body, i.e., they are non-contact. This systematic review discusses the relevant methods and technologies for non-contact monitoring of cardiorespiratory activity during sleep. Taking into account the current state of the art in non-intrusive technologies, we can identify the methods of non-intrusive monitoring of cardiac and respiratory activity, the technologies and types of sensors used, and the possible physiological parameters available for analysis. To do this, we conducted a literature review and summarised current research on the use of non-contact technologies for non-intrusive monitoring of cardiac and respiratory activity. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for the selection of publications were established prior to the start of the search. Publications were assessed using one main question and several specific questions. We obtained 3774 unique articles from four literature databases (Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, PubMed, and Scopus) and checked them for relevance, resulting in 54 articles that were analysed in a structured way using terminology. The result was 15 different types of sensors and devices (e.g., radar, temperature sensors, motion sensors, cameras) that can be installed in hospital wards and departments or in the environment. The ability to detect heart rate, respiratory rate, and sleep disorders such as apnoea was among the characteristics examined to investigate the overall effectiveness of the systems and technologies considered for cardiorespiratory monitoring. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the considered systems and technologies were identified by answering the identified research questions. The results obtained allow us to determine the current trends and the vector of development of medical technologies in sleep medicine for future researchers and research.
Dynamics of capital flight components and domestic investment in Nigeria

Capital flight can cause challenges regarding the domestic availability of financial resources in sustaining domestic investment in Nigeria. The purpose of this study is to examine the connection between capital flight components and domestic investment in Nigeria. The study employed the autoregressive distributive lag model (ARDL) to analyze the time series data for Nigeria spanning from 1981 to 2018. The study found that changes in external debt, current account balance, and foreign direct investments have a negative effect on domestic investments in the short run and long run. Furthermore, the results obtained show that the intercept has a positive effect on domestic investment. The long-run coefficient of current account balance has a positive effect, while the other components of capital flight – foreign direct investment, external reserves and external debt – have a negative effect on domestic investment. The error correction coefficient is significant and conforms to the a priori expectation. Hence, the study concludes that growth in domestic investment can be achieved by regulating the components of capital flight within the desirable limits. The study recommends that emphasis should be placed on the components of capital flight to stimulate domestic investment for economic growth.
Two methods of simultaneous analysis in Common components and unit weights

Analysis of common components and specific weights are two methods which allow simultaneous analysis of multiple tables paired line wise. One e dge thus determines common components and specific weights for all tables. This method has been applied in are as such as ecology. It has also been used in coupli ng roblems of many measuring instruments. To make it more chan ge ble, new properties and new algorithm have recen tly been come forth. However, to find the orthogonal co mmon components, successive approach is used so tha t nce the first solution has been found, deflations are m ade in each table. This long strategy has been used to construct orthogonal bases, having the box of MCOA. Here, one has to find these common components simultaneously , determining iterative at once through year process, orthogonal year matrix containing these common components.
The Impact of the Sea Surface Temperature Resolution on Mesoscale Coastal Processes during GALE IOP 2

Abstract The Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model is used to examine the sensitivity of the structure and evolution of mesoscale coastal phenomena to the sea surface temperature (SST) distribution in the vicinity of the Gulf Stream during intensive observation period 2 (IOP 2) of the Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment (GALE). Experiments are performed with three different SST analyses: A 1) a high-resolution 14-km analysis, 2) a medium-resolution 275-km analysis, and 3) a coarse-resolution 381-km analysis. The results indicate that numerical simulations of mesoscale phenomena embedded in the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) in the vicinity of the Gulf Stream are very sensitive to the SST distribution. The total (sensible and latent) average heat fluxes differ by less than 15% among the three experiments; however, the mesoscale distributions of the oceanic surface heat fluxes differ substantially. As a result of large differences in the lower-tropospheric diabatic heating, significan.
From spinwaves to Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) and beyond

The “Institute for Magnetism” within the department for solid state physics at the research centre in Jülich, Germany, which I joined in 1972, was founded in 1971 by Professor W. Zinn. The main research topic was the exploration of the model magnetic semiconductors EuO and EuS with Curie temperatures Tc=60 K and Tc=17 K, respectively. As I had been working with light scattering (LS) techniques before I came to Jülich, I was very much interested in the observation of spinwaves in magnetic materials by means of LS.
Vegetation information extraction based on K-T transform and principal component transform

WorldView-2 can provide one band that the panchromatic band is 0.5 meters,and eight resolution multispectral bands that the panchromatic bands all are 1.8 meters,and have the ability for users to provide accurate change detection and mapping. With vegetation in Shenzhen city as an example,by adopting the Worldview-2 high resolution remote sensing images as data sources,the Tasseled Cap Transformation and Principal Components Analysis treatment for the vegetation information of Shenzhen city were conducted,further the data extraction was carried out by using decision tree classifi cation model. The results show that having been deal with Tasseled Cap Transformation and Principal Component Analysis,the image texture information was signifi cantly enhanced,the characteristics of ground objects were highlighted; by taking the gray values of all ground objects that were treated with Tasseled Cap Transformation and Principal Component Analysis as the decision tree classifi cation thresholds,the overall precision of plant classifi cation and the Kappa coeffi cient were calculated,being respectively 89.26% and 0.87,compared with the threshold only with previous bands of gray values and vegetation index,the new methods obviously improve the precision,the method is improved,better classifi cation results were obtained.
Compensating Displacement of Amplitude-panned Virtual Sources

The localization of amplitude-panned virtual sources is biased towards the median plane when loudspeakers are not positioned symmetrically with the median plane. The bias is measured using listening tests and with computational modeling of virtual source perception. A modification to an existing pair-wise panning method is proposed that compensates the displacement of virtual sources. The proposed method is evaluated by interpreting conducted listening test results, and by simulating virtual sources with computational modeling. Evaluations suggest that the bias is non-existing with the proposed method.
Applications of femtosecond lasers in corneal surgery

We investigated potential applications of ultrashort (femtosecond) pulsed laser technology in corneal refractive surgery. When compared with longer pulsewidth nanosecond or picosecond laser radiation, femtosecond laser-tissue interactions are characterized by significantly smaller and more deterministic photodisruptive energy thresholds, as well as reduced shock waves and smaller cavitation bubbles. Femtosecond laser technology may be able to perform a variety of corneal refractive procedures with high precision, offering advantages over current mechanical and laser devices and techniques, enabling entirely new approaches for refractive surgery. An analytically solvable shell model has been developed to predict the results of completely intrastromal incisionless surgery for myopic and hyperopic refractive corrections.
An Approach to Multiple Attribute Decision Making with Intervals Considering the Risk Preferences of Decision-makers

An approach is proposed to solve the multiple attribute decision making problems with the attribute values in the form of interval numbers.In this paper,first,the description of the multiple attribute decision making problems with intervals is given.Then,the risk preference parameter of the decision maker is used to transfer the decision problem with intervals into the traditional decision problem with real values.Based on the absolute deviation between attributes values and attributes average values to get the attribute weights,a simple additive weighting method for ranking alternatives is given,and sensitivity analysis is made by selecting the different values of risk preference parameter.Finally,a numerical example is used to illustrate the feasibility and the validity of the approach proposed in this paper.
Underwater Real-Time Video Transmission via Wireless Optical Channels With Swarms of AUVs

Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has received widespread attention recently due to its distinct advantages in terms of high bandwidth, low power consumption, low delay and confidentiality. However, unlike underwater acoustic communication systems, it suffers from constraints, such as limited communication range and misalignment in oceanic extreme environments. To perform long-distance high bandwidth transmission such as real-time video streaming, it requires relaying technology to perform reliable and robust transmission. Although pre-deploying a large number of sensor nodes is one of the possible solutions, this is impractical in response to emergency events, such as oil pipeline leakage and maritime search and rescue. To this end, in this article, we propose to leverage a swarm of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) to establish reliable underwater optical communication links in a rapidly changing marine environment for real-time video transmission. We first model the optical transmission channel, and then calculate both the optical angle and the reliable communicating range that satisfy a pre-defined bit error rate (BER). We then formulate the optimization problem based on two aligned solutions while targeting on minimizing both deployment energy consumption and time latency, in which the AUV's uncertainty issue caused by localization error and hovering instability is considered. Finally, we design an adaptive optical beam and power adjustment algorithm to enhance the robustness of the optical link further. Through extensive simulations, the results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is efficient and achieves reliable and robust communication.
Expression of β-Glucosidases from the Yak Rumen in Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Genetic Engineering Approach

β-glucosidase derived from microorganisms has wide industrial applications. In order to generate genetically engineered bacteria with high-efficiency β-glucosidase, in this study two subunits (bglA and bglB) of β-glucosidase obtained from the yak rumen were expressed as independent proteins and fused proteins in lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus lactis NZ9000). The engineered strains L. lactis NZ9000/pMG36e-usp45-bglA, L. lactis NZ9000/pMG36e-usp45-bglB, and L. lactis NZ9000/pMG36e-usp45-bglA-usp45-bglB were successfully constructed. These bacteria showed the secretory expression of BglA, BglB, and Bgl, respectively. The molecular weights of BglA, BglB, and Bgl were about 55 kDa, 55 kDa, and 75 kDa, respectively. The enzyme activity of Bgl was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of BglA and BglB for substrates such as regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), desiccated cotton, microcrystalline cellulose, filter paper, and 1% salicin. Moreover, 1% salicin appeared to be the most suitable substrate for these three recombinant proteins. The optimum reaction temperatures and pH values for these three recombinant enzymes were 50 °C and 7.0, respectively. In subsequent studies using 1% salicin as the substrate, the enzymatic activities of BglA, BglB, and Bgl were found to be 2.09 U/mL, 2.36 U/mL, and 9.4 U/mL, respectively. The enzyme kinetic parameters (Vmax, Km, Kcat, and Kcat/Km) of the three recombinant strains were analyzed using 1% salicin as the substrate at 50 °C and pH 7.0, respectively. Under conditions of increased K+ and Fe2+ concentrations, the Bgl enzyme activity was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the BglA and BglB enzyme activity. However, under conditions of increased Zn2+, Hg2+, and Tween20 concentrations, the Bgl enzyme activity was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the BglA and BglB enzyme activity. Overall, the engineered lactic acid bacteria strains generated in this study could efficiently hydrolyze cellulose, laying the foundation for the industrial application of β-glucosidase.