Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of norms among those with moral conviction: Counter‐conformity emerges on intentions but not behaviors

Previous research has shown that people with a strong moral basis for their attitude show stronger intentions to publicly act in line with their attitude when they are led to believe they are in a minority as compared to a majority. The current paper examines whether this evidence for counter‐conformity can be replicated on speaking‐out behaviors as well as intentions. Participants were told that they were either in a minority or in a majority in terms of their attitude toward a government apology to Australian Aborigines (Experiment 1: N = 100) and legalizing voluntary euthanasia (Experiment 2: N = 169). On intentions to speak out, participants with a strong moral basis for their attitude counter‐conformed, whereas those with a weak moral basis for their attitude were not influenced by the group norm. On behaviors, however, evidence for counter‐conformity disappeared. In Experiment 2, the influence of norms on both intentions and behaviors were moderated by perceptions of whether the status quo was likely or unlikely to change in line with participants' attitudes. Results are discussed with reference to theory and research on normative influence.
Using an Event-Detection Measure to Assess Drivers' Attention and Situation Awareness

In this paper we describe an event-detection measure for assessing drivers' attention and situation awareness during driving, and present data from a study using this measure. In this study, drivers detected traffic events directly in front of them most frequently, events in an oncoming front lane less frequently, and events behind them least often. Drivers also detected swerve events more frequently than deceleration events. We compare the event-detection measure to other measures of attention and situation awareness used to assess driving: the SAGAT technique (Endsley, 1995), implicit-performance measures (Durso & Gronlund, 1999), and the flicker paradigm (Richard, Wright & Ee, 2002). Each of the above measures has advantages and disadvantages, and no single measure is optimal. However, we argue that the eventdetection measure has some advantages over other techniques in answering questions regarding mechanisms of attention allocation and attention capture and how these two mechanisms interact during driving.
The Impact of Peer Aggression and Victimization on Substance Use in Rural Adolescents

Prior research has shown relations between peer victimization, aggression, and adolescent substance use. However, there is a need for further research in this area, especially among rural populations, as rural youth have high rates of substance use but less access to mental health resources in their communities. The present study examined relations between peer victimization, aggression, and substance use in a rural sample of 6th–12th graders. Older, nonminority students who endorsed aggression were more likely to have used alcohol only and alcohol plus marijuana, and also had the highest rates of alcohol use. Results highlight the need for multifaceted intervention and prevention programs and further research into the causal relations between peer aggression and substance use.
Alcohol and the American College Campus: A Report from the Harvard School of Public Health

College Alcohol Study provide the first national picture in almost 50 years of just how widespread and harmful heavy episodic or "binge" drinking has become, not only for those students who abuse alcohol, but also for others in their immediate environment. The picture that emerges from this survey of over 17,000 students on 140 campuses nationwide is not a pretty one: • Fully 84 percent of all students surveyed reported drinking during the school year with nearly half 44 percent of all students qualifying as binge drinkers and 19 percent as frequent binge drinkers. • One-third of the schools surveyed qualified as high-binge campuses, which meant more than half of the responding students were binge drinkers. • The strongest predictor for binge drinking was found to be fraternity or sorority residence or membership an astonishing 80 percent of those who live in sorority houses and 86 percent of fraternity house residents qualify as binge drinkers. Since Drinking in College, the 1949 national study by Straus and Bacon, numerous surveys have documented the growth of problem drinking on the nation's campuses, but the studies did not provide a national representative sample of college drinking for a number of reasons: some were conducted on a single campus, or were administered to colleges in only one state, or to only those participating in a federal program, or did not use random samplings of students. By surveying a representative sample of students at a representative group of colleges, the Harvard study sought answers to three core questions: • How extensive is the problem of binge drinking among college students? • Who is affected by binge drinking? • What can be done about this problem? Findings concerning various aspects of this study have been published in medical, public health, and specialized alcohol, educational, and economics journals. This article summarizes the findings and discusses implications for action.
Double-threshold based cooperative spectrum sensing over imperfect channels

This paper proposes a hybrid double-threshold based energy detector (HDTED) for cooperative spectrum sensing over imperfect channels in cognitive wireless radio networks (CWRNs). The proposed HDTED improves the sensing reliability in CWRNs by exploiting both local decisions at secondary users (SUs) in either binary or energy values and global binary decisions feedback from fusion centre. Particularly, we consider a practical scenario where all channel links suffer from fading and noise. By deriving closed-form expressions and bounds for the probabilities of missed detection and false alarm, we not only show the improved performance achieved with the HDTED scheme but also validate the effects of the number of the SUs and the fading channels on the overall sensing performance.
Autoimmune related pancreatitis

Since the first documented case of a particular form of pancreatitis with hypergammaglobulinaemia, similar cases have been reported, leading to the concept of an autoimmune related pancreatitis or so-called “autoimmune pancreatitis”. Although it has not yet been widely accepted as a new clinical entity, the present article discusses the recent concept of autoimmune pancreatitis.
Trypanosoma cruzi Necrotizing Meningoencephalitis in a Venezuelan HIV+-AIDS Patient: Pathological Diagnosis Confirmed by PCR Using Formalin-Fixed- and Paraffin-Embedded-Tissues

Coinfections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and infectious agents have been recognized since the early 90s. In the central nervous system (CNS) of HIV+ patients, parasitic protozoans like Toxoplasma gondii have been described as responsible for the space occupying lesions (SOL) developed. However, the involvement of Trypanosoma cruzi is also described but appears to be less frequent in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and transplant recipients, associated with necrotizing myocarditis and neurological symptoms related to the occurrence of necrotizing pseudotumoral encephalitis (NPE) and meningoencephalitis (NME). The present work aims to present a Venezuelan case of NME associated with the coinfection of HIV and a T. cruzi-like trypanosomatid as well as its evolution and diagnosis by histopathological techniques, electron microscopy, and PCR methods using formalin-fixed- (FF-) and paraffin-embedded- (PE-) tissues. Postmortem cytological studies of leptomeninges imprints reveal the presence of trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma sp. Histopathological and electron microscopy studies allowed us to identify an amastigote stage and to reject the involvement of other opportunistic microorganisms as the etiological agent of the SOL. The definitive confirmation of T. cruzi as the etiological agent was achieved by PCR suggesting that the NME by T. cruzi was due to a reactivation of Chagas' disease.
Exploring a novel environment improves motivation and promotes recall of words

Active exploration of novel environments is known to increase plasticity in animals, promoting long-term potentiation in the hippocampus and enhancing memory formation. These effects can occur during as well as after exploration. In humans novelty’s effects on memory have been investigated with other methods, but never in an active exploration paradigm. We therefore investigated whether active spatial exploration of a novel compared to a previously familiarized virtual environment promotes performance on an unrelated word learning task. Exploration of the novel environment enhanced recall, generally thought to be hippocampus-dependent, but not recognition, believed to rely less on the hippocampus. Recall was better for participants that gave higher presence ratings for their experience in the virtual environment. These ratings were higher for the novel compared to the familiar virtual environment, suggesting that novelty increased attention for the virtual rather than real environment; however, this did not explain the effect of novelty on recall.
Clinical short-term results of radiofrequency ablation in liver cancers.

AIM To study local therapeutic efficacy, side effects, and complications of radiofrequency ablation (RFA), which is emerging as a new method for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis and metastatic liver cancer. METHODS Thirty-six patients with primary and secondary liver cancers (21 with primary hepatocellular carcinoma, 12 with colorectal cancer liver metastases and 3 with other malignant liver metastases), which were considered not suitable for curative resection, were include in this study. They were treated either with RFA (RITA2000, Mountain View, California, USA) percutaneously (n=20) or intraoperatively (n=16). The procedures were performed using the ultrasound guidance. The quality of RFA were based on monitoring of equipments and subject feeling of the practitioners. Patients treated with RFA was followed according to clinical findings,radiographic images, and tumor markers. RESULTS Thirty-six patients underwent RFA for 48 nodules. RFA was used to treat an average 1.3 lesions per patient, and the median size of treated lesions was 2.5 cm (range, 0.5-9 cm). The average hospital stay was 5.6 days overall (2.8 days for percutaneous cases and 7.9 days for open operations). Seven patients underwent a second RFA procedure (sequential ablations). Sixteen HCC patients with a high level of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and 9 colorectal cancer liver metastases patients with a high level of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have a great reduction benefited from RFA. Four (11.1 %) patients had complications: one skin burn; one postoperative hemorrhage; one cholecystitis and one hepatic abscess associated with percutaneous ablations of a large lesion. There were 4 deaths: 3 patients died from local and system diseases (1 at 7 month, 1 at 9 month, and 1 at 12 month), 1 patients died from cardiovascular shock, but no RFA-related death. At a median follow-up of 10 months (range, 1-24 months), 6 patients (16.7 %) had recurrences at an RFA site, and 20 patients (56.7 %) remained clinically free of disease. CONCLUSION RF ablation appears to be an effective, safe, and relatively simple procedure for the treatment of unresectable liver cancers. The rate and severity of complications appear acceptable. However, further study is necessary to assess combination with other therapies, long-term recurrence rates and effect on overall survival.
Issues in the Development, Practice, Training, and Research of Integrative Therapies

This commentary on the integrative case study of Ms. Q by Barbara Ingram (2009) aims to discuss relevant theoretical, clinical, research, and training issues in the development and practice of integrative/eclectic psychotherapy models. It begins with a description of the contributions and position of Ingram’s model within the current psychotherapy integration literature. It then examines issues in the development and practice of psychotherapy integration approaches, and concludes by highlighting the urgent need for research on the effectiveness and training in integrative practices in naturalistic clinical settings.
On Being Presidential: A Guide for College and University Leaders by Susan Resneck Pierce (review)

progress involves the student in the assessment process) from “assessment of learning” (as seen in a test that measures student knowledge at a specific point in time) (p. 361). Clear guidelines for what students can and cannot access online are necessary to reduce incidents of misbehavior. Through various forms of research, the authors have provided a wealth of information about what constitutes misbehavior online, how it affects different stakeholders, and ways that colleges and universities can educate, prevent, and address issues based on policies, guidelines, procedures, and best practices. This book is a worthwhile resource for faculty and administrators attempting to understand the online realm of higher education and to navigate its waters more skillfully.
Approximate  $N$ -Player Nonzero-Sum Game Solution for an Uncertain Continuous Nonlinear System

An approximate online equilibrium solution is developed for an N-player nonzero-sum game subject to continuous-time nonlinear unknown dynamics and an infinite horizon quadratic cost. A novel actor-critic-identifier structure is used, wherein a robust dynamic neural network is used to asymptotically identify the uncertain system with additive disturbances, and a set of critic and actor NNs are used to approximate the value functions and equilibrium policies, respectively. The weight update laws for the actor neural networks (NNs) are generated using a gradient-descent method, and the critic NNs are generated by least square regression, which are both based on the modified Bellman error that is independent of the system dynamics. A Lyapunov-based stability analysis shows that uniformly ultimately bounded tracking is achieved, and a convergence analysis demonstrates that the approximate control policies converge to a neighborhood of the optimal solutions. The actor, critic, and identifier structures are implemented in real time continuously and simultaneously. Simulations on two and three player games illustrate the performance of the developed method.
Are Social Networking Sites a Source of Online Harassment for Teens? Evidence from Survey Data

Media reports on incidences of abuse on the internet, particularly amongst teenagers, are growing at an alarming rate causing much concern among parents of teenagers and legislations aimed at regulating internet use among teenagers. Past studies have found that one in five youth were exposed to sexual solicitation, one in seventeen were harassed or threatened and only a fraction reported these cases while more than 63% reported being upset, embarrassed or stressed as a result of these unwanted contacts. Social networking sites (SNS) have been blamed to be a major source of harassment for teen users. Despite several media reports, there is a serious paucity of research in this area that explicitly identifies risk factors that make teens prone to internet abuse, and strategies for prevention and intervention. This study examines the extent to which internet use and having SNS site memberships result in incidences of stranger contact and online harassment for teens in the United States. We also determine the characteristics of teens that make them more likely to be victims of online harassment. Using parental background information, we also seek to shed light on the relationship between parental awareness and teen abuse on the internet. We use 2006 round of Pew Internet™ American Life Survey for this study. Since data on social networking has been collected fairly recently and we do not have any past information, the limitation of this study is that we cannot draw causal links between internet use and online harassment.
Fully Planar Amphibious Antenna Using Dual-Operational Mode Synthesized Transmission Lines

A fully planar amphibious antenna, capable of providing efficient radiation when surrounded by air as well as by water, is demonstrated. Benefiting from a dual-operational mode passive matching network that simply consists of a synthesized transmission line and a common delay line, the antenna is well matched in both the media with acceptable total efficiency. The synthesized line, comprising merely six quasi-lumped elements, functions identically to a conventional line in air, but automatically reconfigures as an open circuit in water. The design principle and synthesis procedure are introduced in detail. The planar antenna, with a size of 0.115 × 0.094 λ20 and weighing 8 g, is operated in the 433-MHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. When surrounded by air and water, the measured -10dB fractional bandwidths are 3.2% and 14.5%, respectively. The average gain and total efficiency are -3.6 dBi and 34.5% in air, and become -8.8 dBi and 15.4% when immersed in water.
Epistemology and Archaeological Theory

Which might be construed as an apposite admonition to those who still argue the tiresome and illusory issue of the relative importance of "theory" and "practice. " That reflection upon the principles of archaeology has been indulged for many years now is amply demonstrated by even a perfunctory survey of archaeological literature. The majority of those reflective exercises, however, are on methodology or even technique, rather than on the philosophy of archaeology. Discussions of, for example, the principles of typology and taxonomy, are methodological discussions. The methods presuppose certain epistemological premisses,1 which are usually tacit, and unconsciously assumed. Discussions of, for further example, seriation practices, are of technique, seriation being a technique used to implement a method. In conceptual consideration of a discipline there appears to be a continuum, if one thinks in linear terms, from technique through method to critical philosophy to speculative philosophy. It may be more accurate, and is certainly more in accord with the temper of this paper, to regard the situation not as a continuum but as a number of foci, the dependencies of which overlap those of other designated, rather than defined, disciplines. The intention in this paper is to indicate some of the problems in the critical philosophy of archaeology. In general, each of these problems has a speculative as well as a critical aspect, but it is no part of the present concern to examine the speculative aspects or to do any more than barely to indicate them where such indication is necessary to the consideration of the critical philosophy. The ways in and with which the problems of its critical philosophy are, if not answered, then temporized, are reflected in "practice," i.e., in the methods used in archaeology. As the temporizing or "answering" is rarely explicit and is usually unconsciously assumed, the present concern becomes one of examining, however briefly, some of the conceptual presuppositions of archaeology, principally those of an epistemological kind. It is not proposed to attempt to solve those GORDON R. LOWTHER iS Curator of Anthropology at McCord Museum, McGill University (Montreal, Quebec, Canada). His fields of specialization are archaeology, methodology, and critical philosophy of archaeology. The geographic area in which he is interested is the Arctic, especially the Canadian Arctic. The present article, submitted to CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY on March 6, 1961, was sent for CA* treatment to forty-two scholars of whom the following responded with written comments: Carlos Alonso del Real, David Bidney, Glyn Daniel, Helmuth Fuchs, Gutorm Gjessing, Erika Kaneko, Alex D. Krieger, S. C. Malik, Albert C. Spaulding, Julian H. Steward, and Gordon R. Willey. The comments written for publication are printed in full after the author's text. I Throughout this paper the spelling "premiss" is used instead of the more common form "premise," on the grounds that the difference in spelling represents a useful distinction between the use of the word in a technically logical context and its use in less specialized discussion.
On Maximum Linearly Achievable Degrees of Freedom Region of 2$\,\times\,$ 2$\,\times\,$ 2 Interference Network With Arbitrary Antenna Configurations

We obtain the exact maximum Degrees of Freedom (DoF) region achieved by linear transceivers without symbol extensions of the 2 × 2 × 2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) interference network, which is comprised of two sources, two relays and two destinations, each with arbitrary number of antennas. We prove that the maximum achievable DoF region for the networks under some antenna configurations coincide with the cut-set bound of the networks, while there is only one DoF gap from the bound for the networks under other configurations, which can not be bridged by linear transceivers. The basic idea of the proof is to construct a two-tier transceiver, where the first tier decomposes the general networks to several basic networks with special configurations, and the second tier achieves the maximal DoF tuples for these basic networks. A mechanism for constructing the second tier transceiver is proposed, which is referred to as channel scaling assisted interference elimination. Combined with interference avoidance at sources and interference cancelation at destinations depending on the antenna configurations, interference-free transmission can be ensured.
Comparing New Keynesian Models of the Business Cycle: A Bayesian Approach

This paper estimates and compares four versions of the New Keynesian model with nominal rigidities using a Bayesian approach. Our empirical results are as follows. First, the authors find that adding price indexation improves the fit of Calvo's (1983) model. Second, models with both staggered price and staggered wage contracts dominate models with only price rigidities. Third, introducing wage indexation does not significantly improve the fit. Fourth, all model estimates suggest a high degree of price stickiness. Fifth, the estimates of labor supply elasticity are higher in models with both staggered price and staggered wage contracts. And finally, the estimated inflation parameters of the Taylor rule are stable across models.
Informal Environmental Education in Poland

Non-formal environmental education involves all educational processes conducted outside of school. It is directed to all age groups, especially mature people who have finished their studies. This paper presents the goals and forms of non-formal education in Poland. Studies on the effects of non-formal education are also presented: this form of education does not play a significant role in the shaping of environmental awareness, especially among the mature members of society. In view of the above research results, the perfection of existing means of environmental education is a necessity, through the coordination of complementary actions conducted as part of formal and non-formal education.
Undergraduate Cheating: Who Does What and Why?.

ABSTRACT Research on undergraduate cheating behaviour is in its infancy in the UK. The paper reports data from a series of studies across different academic disciplines and different institutions. The first study was designed to assess staff and student perceptions of the seriousness and frequency of different kinds of cheating. This enabled a comprehensive set of cheating behaviours to be developed. A second study utilised this set to elicit self-reports by undergraduates, who also gave reasons for indulging (or not) in each type of behaviour. Behaviours such as: copying each other's work, plagiarism, and altering and inventing research data were admitted to by more than 60% of the students. Data with respect to age, gender, discipline and institution are discussed along with the implications of these results for all in higher education.