Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Superdiversity in Israel: the relationship of religious and ethnic diversity and sense of belonging among boundary-crossing teachers

ABSTRACT Boundary-crossing teachers are teachers who work in schools with different cultural characteristics than their main belonging group. Fifty-six Israeli teachers who identified themselves as religious teachers in secular schools and 41 teachers of different ethnic origin than most other teachers responded to open-ended questions in an online questionnaire. Qualitative thematic analysis revealed that social and professional connections contribute to teachers’ sense of belonging in the two groups. Teachers of different ethnic origin noted ethnic jokes and various cultural norms as contributing to a sense of otherness, while religious teachers noted the issues of religious practices and the political tensions around religion. The research sheds light on the diversity of diversity, how the sensitivities of each minority group lead to feelings of otherness while the same common good leads to a sense of belonging.
AI-Assisted Edge Caching for Metaverse of Connected and Automated Vehicles: Proposal, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

The upcoming metaverse will significantly promote the safety and efficiency of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) as well as intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) with immersive information exchange between the parallel digital and physical worlds. To enable the virtual world to better reflect the physical world, a great deal of sensed information in types of text, pictures, voice, and videos should be fetched by metaverse applications. Edge caching has been considered to improve transmission quality and data protection by storing the needed contents near users rather than in the cloud. However, qualified edge caching for the metaverse of CAVs (meta-CAVs) and metaverse of ITSs (meta-ITSs) is challenged by ubiquitous mobilities, diversified requirements, dynamic content popularity, and heterogeneous infrastructure. In this article, we elaborate on the requirements and challenges of edge caching for meta-CAVs and meta-ITSs. We then discuss how artificial intelligence (AI) can be used in edge caching to improve the performance and security of meta-CAVs and meta-ITSs. To evaluate our idea, a case study with the Multi-Agent Federated Reinforcement Learning (MAFRL)-based intelligent edge caching is provided. Some perspective research directions are given to illuminate more ideas.
The Impact of Tourist Satisfaction on Destination Loyalty among European Tourists Visiting Malaysia

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of tourist satisfaction toward destination loyalty. A survey was carried out at the Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA). A sample of 261 European tourists was obtained at the departure hall using a systematic sampling approach. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was applied to analyse the data collected. The finding of the study found that tourist satisfaction has a direct positive influence on destination loyalty. The study also found that tourists with a high level of satisfaction are willing to recommend the destination and spread positive word-of-mouth to other people.
Antarctic sea ice variability in recent years and its relationship with Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature

Antarctic sea ice edge variability is analyzed for 23 years (1982-2004) data of satellite passive microwave observation. Sea ice edge anomaly averaged around Antarctica shows nearly zero trend in the time domain. The positive trend of Ross, Weddell seas and Indian Ocean is reduced and the sea ice accumulation in Pacific Ocean region is increased but the sea ice variability in Bellingshausen/Amundsen seas is unaffected in recent years. Maximum Antarctic Sea ice concentration trend of 0.01 degrees/year is found during summer season for the period 1982-1998 but the same season shows a negative trend for the period 1982-2004. On the regional scale the trend differs from season to season. Ross and Weddell seas show positive trend whereas Bellingshausen/Amundsen sea shows negative trend for all the seasons. The relationship of Antarctic sea ice variability with Indian Ocean SST is studied and found that the most persistent positive relation exists for the southeast Indian Ocean region, off Australia.
Acquired stress resilience through bacteria‐to‐nematode interdomain horizontal gene transfer

Natural selection drives the acquisition of organismal resilience traits to protect against adverse environments. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is an important evolutionary mechanism for the acquisition of novel traits, including metazoan acquisitions in immunity, metabolic, and reproduction function via interdomain HGT (iHGT) from bacteria. Here, we report that the nematode gene rml‐3 has been acquired by iHGT from bacteria and that it enables exoskeleton resilience and protection against environmental toxins in Caenorhabditis elegans. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that diverse nematode RML‐3 proteins form a single monophyletic clade most similar to bacterial enzymes that biosynthesize L‐rhamnose, a cell‐wall polysaccharide component. C. elegans rml‐3 is highly expressed during larval development and upregulated in developing seam cells upon heat stress and during the stress‐resistant dauer stage. rml‐3 deficiency impairs cuticle integrity, barrier functions, and nematode stress resilience, phenotypes that can be rescued by exogenous L‐rhamnose. We propose that interdomain HGT of an ancient bacterial rml‐3 homolog has enabled L‐rhamnose biosynthesis in nematodes, facilitating cuticle integrity and organismal resilience to environmental stressors during evolution. These findings highlight a remarkable contribution of iHGT on metazoan evolution conferred by the domestication of a bacterial gene.
Pleistocene reversal of the Fraser River, British Columbia

The Fraser River in British Columbia, Canada, is the longest non-dammed river on the west coast of North America and supplies 20 × 10 6 t/yr of sediment to the Pacific Ocean. Abundant geomorphological evidence indicates that the Fraser River reversed its course to southward flow in the recent geological past. Investigation of two volcanic dams at Dog Creek demonstrates northward flow of the Fraser until at least 1.06 Ma, before reversal and erosion of the 270-km-long Fraser Canyon. We propose that the submarine Nitinat Fan off the coast of British Columbia records the reversal and sudden input of coarse continental-derived sediment ca. 0.76 Ma. This study confirms reversal of the Fraser River and places a firm constraint on the maximum age of that reversal. Reversal likely followed stream capture in response to enhanced glaciofluvial erosion and uplift of the Coast Mountains.
Stochastic resonance in sparse neuronal network: functional role of ongoing activity to detect weak sensory input in awake auditory cortex of rat

Abstract The awake cortex is characterized by a higher level of ongoing spontaneous activity, but it has a better detectability of weak sensory inputs than the anesthetized cortex. However, the computational mechanism underlying this paradoxical nature of awake neuronal activity remains to be elucidated. Here, we propose a hypothetical stochastic resonance, which improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of weak sensory inputs through nonlinear relations between ongoing spontaneous activities and sensory-evoked activities. Prestimulus and tone-evoked activities were investigated via in vivo extracellular recording with a dense microelectrode array covering the entire auditory cortex in rats in both awake and anesthetized states. We found that tone-evoked activities increased supralinearly with the prestimulus activity level in the awake state and that the SNR of weak stimulus representation was optimized at an intermediate level of prestimulus ongoing activity. Furthermore, the temporally intermittent firing pattern, but not the trial-by-trial reliability or the fluctuation of local field potential, was identified as a relevant factor for SNR improvement. Since ongoing activity differs among neurons, hypothetical stochastic resonance or “sparse network stochastic resonance” might offer beneficial SNR improvement at the single-neuron level, which is compatible with the sparse representation in the sensory cortex.
Regulation and effect on siltation in outer channel of Huanghua harbor

The sudden siltation in outer channel is mainly hindered the development of Huanghua harbor.Based on the analysis of survey data,dynamic condition,silt environment and siltation mechanism,the research method of silt and the actual effect on siltation after regulation project of Huanghua harbor were introduced.Combined with research work for several years on silt of Huanghua harbor,the research experience and learning including the seacoast division,the sudden siltation condition in the outer channel on silty coast,the movement form of silt,the characteristics of silty coast research and the regulation of sudden siltation in outer channel on silty coast were also introduced.
Effect of Short Bouts of Vigorous Stair Climbing on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Women with Overweight and Obesity: A Pilot Feasibility Study

Background We examined the effect of 4 weeks of a brief vigorous stair climbing exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition in women with overweight or obesity. Methods Twenty-six participants (age, 25.4±4.9 years; body mass index [BMI], 25.3±1.8 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to either a stair climbing exercise group (n=13) or a non-exercising control group (n=13). The stair climbing exercise group performed 20 sessions (supervised, five sessions/week over 4 weeks) of brief intermittent stair climbing exercise consisting of a 3-minute warm-up followed by three bouts of 20 seconds of stair climbing (≥80% of age-predicted maximum heart rate) interspersed with 2-minute recovery periods (total exercise duration=10 minutes/session). Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was measured using a graded maximal treadmill test with the use of a standard open-circuit spirometry technique. Body composition was assessed with bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results All participants, except one who dropped out due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, completed the study with 100% attendance rates. There were significant interaction effects (group×time) on body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and CRF such that the stair climbing exercise group had significant (P≤0.01) reductions in body weight (66.5±4.6 to 65.2±4.6 kg), BMI (24.8±1.2 to 24.4±1.1 kg/m2), and waist circumference (78.0±3.7 to 76.5±4.1 cm) and improvements in VO2peak (31.6±2.5 to 34.9±2.6 mL/kg/min) compared with controls. Conclusion Short bouts of vigorous stair climbing is a feasible and time-efficient exercise strategy for improving CRF in previously sedentary, young women with overweight and obesity.
A clinical and biologic review of congenital melanocytic nevi

Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are the result of aberrations in the mitogen‐activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway caused by postzygotic somatic mutations. The estimated incidence of newborns with CMN is 1%–2%. The main complications of CMN include proliferative nodules, melanomas, and neurocutaneous melanosis, and the latter two are the most troublesome issues to address. Treatments are primarily taken into account for aesthetic purposes and the reduction of melanoma risk. Due to the much lower incidence of malignant transformation observed in recent studies than in previous data, clinical management paradigms for CMN patients have gradually shifted towards conservative observation and close monitoring. Surgery and lasers are still the main treatments, and targeted therapy may be a promising strategy to help manage complications. With the increase in awareness of mental health, increasing focus has been placed on the quality of life (QoL) and psychological issues of both CMN patients and their parents. Recent studies have revealed that families coping with CMN might endure intense pressure, a major loss in QoL, and psychological problems after diagnosis and during treatment. Here, we sought to present an overview of genetic basis, complications, treatments, and psychological issues related to CMN and hope to provide better management for patients with CMN.
First-in-human trial of SAR107375E, a novel small molecule anticoagulant with dual inhibition of factor Xa and factor IIa

ABSTRACT Background SAR107375E is a direct dual inhibitor of both Factor Xa and Factor IIa and has shown potent anticoagulation activity in vitro and animals. This study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of single ascending intravenous doses of SAR107375E in healthy Chinese adult subjects. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 60 healthy Chinese adult subjects were administered intravenously single ascending doses (0.5, 1.5, 3.0, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 15.0, or 20.0 mg) of SAR107375E (N = 44) or placebo (N = 16). Plasma and urine concentrations of SAR107375E were measured and used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters. Coagulation functions were measured and compared with baseline values. Treatment-emergent adverse events were recorded to evaluate safety. Results In plasma, from the 0.5 to 20.0 mg dose group, t1/2 is 1.51–4.00 h, Cmax is 59.05–1360 ug/L, and AUC0-t is 25.01–528.45 h*ug/L. And it shows dose proportionality in the 5.0–20.0 mg range. Activated partial thromboplastin time and Ecarin clotting time correlated linearly with drug plasma concentration. No serious adverse events were reported during the study. Conclusion SAR107375E exhibits good safety and tolerability, predictable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Clinical trial registration www.chinadrugtrials. org.cn, identifier is CTR20211082.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based Immunoassay Technologies for Detection of Disease Biomarkers

Detection of biomarkers is of vital importance in disease detection, management, and monitoring of therapeutic efficacy. Extensive efforts have been devoted to the development of novel diagnostic methods that detect and quantify biomarkers with higher sensitivity and reliability, contributing to better disease diagnosis and prognosis. When it comes to such devastating diseases as cancer, these novel powerful methods allow for disease staging as well as detection of cancer at very early stages. Over the past decade, there have been some advances in the development of platforms for biomarker detection of diseases. The main focus has recently shifted to the development of simple and reliable diagnostic tests that are inexpensive, accurate, and can follow a patient’s disease progression and therapy response. The individualized approach in biomarker detection has been also emphasized with detection of multiple biomarkers in body fluids such as blood and urine. This review article covers the developments in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) and related technologies with the primary focus on immunoassays. Limitations and advantages of the SERS-based immunoassay platform are discussed. The article thoroughly describes all components of the SERS immunoassay and highlights the superior capabilities of SERS readout strategy such as high sensitivity and simultaneous detection of a multitude of biomarkers. Finally, it introduces recently developed strategies for in vivo biomarker detection using SERS.
Modelling coseismic displacements during the 1997 Umbria-Marche earthquake (central Italy)

SUMMARY We propose a dislocation model for the two normal faulting earthquakes that struckthe central Apennines (Umbria^Marche, Italy) on 1997 September 26 at 00:33 (Mw 5.7) and 09:40 GMT (Mw 6.0). We ¢t coseismic horizontal and vertical displacements resulting from GPS measurements at several monuments of the IGMI (Istituto Geogra¢co Militare Italiano) by means of a dislocation model in an elastic, homogeneous, isotropic half-space. Our best-¢tting model consists of two normal faults whose mechanisms and seismic moments have been taken from CMT solutions; it is consistent with other seismological and geophysical observations. The ¢rst fault, which is 6 km long and 7 km wide, ruptured during the 00:33 event with a unilateral rupture towards the SE and an average slip of 27 cm. The second fault is 12 km long and 10 km wide, and ruptured during the 09:40 event with a nearly unilateral rupture towards the NW. Slip distribution on this second fault is non-uniform and is concentrated in its SE portion (maximum slip is 65 cm), where rupture initiated. The 00:33 fault is deeper than the 09:40 one: the top of the ¢rst rupture is deeper than 1.7 km; the top of the second is 0.6 km deep. In order to interpret the observed epicentral subsidence we have also considered the contributions of two further moderate-magnitude earthquakes that occurred on 1997 October 3 (Mw 5.2) and 6 (Mw 5.4), immediately before the GPS survey, and were located very close to the 09:40 event of September 26. We compare the pattern of vertical displacements resulting from our forward modelling of GPS data with that derived from SAR interferograms: the ¢t to SAR data is very good, con¢rming the reliability of the proposed dislocation model.
High risk of ischaemic stroke amongst patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a genetic disease with fragile blood vessels and vascular malformations, potentially causing neurological manifestations, including stroke and cerebral abscesses. The study aimed to investigate neurological manifestations in the Danish HHT database, focusing on pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) as a risk factor for cerebral events.
Performance of Dynamic Downscaling for Extreme Weather Event in Eastern Mongolia: Case Study of Severe Windstorm on 26 May 2008

Global weather forecasts do not have sufficient performance to predict the local severe weather events that are accompanied with cyclones and cold fronts due to their coarse horizontal resolution. This study investigated the performance of dynamical downscaling (DD) using mesoscale model to simulate the severe windstorm in eastern Mongolia which occurred on 26-27 May 2008.Our results revealed that the DD experiments were successful in capturing the general features of the windstorm in terms of wind and temperature patterns. The timing and amplitude of drastic changes in the simulated temperature and wind speed were very similar to that observed than that obtained from the global atmospheric data, suggesting that DD is capable of predicting extreme wind storm events in Mongolia. Analyses on the nested domains indicate that the DD has crucial impact on the performance for simulating severe storm even with a moderate resolution (27 km), and further nesting (9 and 3 km) plays a role to improve it. Furthermore, the maximum wind speed approaches the observed value more closely as the horizontal resolution increases, although it still underestimates the observed wind speed even in the 3 km mesh domain. On the other hand, the abrupt temperature change is captured well even in the low-resolution domain, suggesting a difference in necessary horizontal resolution for temperature change and maximum wind speed.
Uridine–cytidine kinase 2 potentiates the mutagenic influence of the antiviral β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine

Abstract Molnupiravir (EIDD-2801) is an antiviral that received approval for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection. Treatment of bacteria or cell lines with the active form of molnupiravir, β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC, or EIDD-1931), induces mutations in DNA. Yet these results contrast in vivo genotoxicity studies conducted during registration of the drug. Using a CRISPR screen, we found that inactivating the pyrimidine salvage pathway component uridine–cytidine kinase 2 (Uck2) renders cells more tolerant of NHC. Short-term exposure to NHC increased the mutation rate in a mouse myeloid cell line, with most mutations being T:A to C:G transitions. Inactivating Uck2 impaired the mutagenic activity of NHC, whereas over-expression of Uck2 enhanced mutagenesis. UCK2 is upregulated in many cancers and cell lines. Our results suggest differences in ribonucleoside metabolism contribute to the variable mutagenicity of NHC observed in cancer cell lines and primary tissues.
Benzimidazolium Salts Bearing Nitrile Moieties: Synthesis, Enzyme Inhibition Profiling, and Molecular Docking Analysis for Carbonic Anhydrase and Acetylcholinesterase

This report presents the synthesis and characterization of a range of benzimidazolium salts featuring 3‐cyanopropyl groups on the 1st nitrogen atom and varied alkyl groups on the 3rd nitrogen atom within the benzimidazole structure. Benzimidazolium salts were synthesized by N‐alkylation of 1‐alkyl benzimidazole with 3‐cyanopropyl‐bromide. The new salts were characterized by 1H and 13C‐NMR, FT‐IR spectroscopic and elemental analysis techniques. In this study, the enzyme inhibition abilities of seven nitrile substituted benzimidazolium salts were investigated against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II (hCA I and hCA II). They showed a highly potent inhibition effect on AChE, hCA I and hCA II (Ki values are in the range of 26.71–119.09 nM for AChE, 19.77 to 133.68 nM for hCA I and 13.09 to 266.38 nM for hCA II). Reflecting the binding mode of the synthesized cyanopropyl series, the importance of the 2,3,5,6‐tetramethylbenzyl, 3‐methylbenzyl and 3‐benzyl groups for optimal interactions with target proteins, evaluated by molecular docking studies. At the same time, the docking findings support the inhibition constants (Ki) values of the related compounds in this study. Potential compounds were also evaluated by their pharmacokinetic properties were predicted.
Development of a Randomized Trial Comparing ICP-Monitor–Based Management of Severe Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury to Management Based on Imaging and Clinical Examination Without ICP Monitoring–Research Algorithms

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The efficacy of our current approach to incorporating intracranial pressure (ICP) data into pediatric severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) management is incompletely understood, lacking data from multicenter, prospective, randomized studies. The National Institutes of Health–supported Benchmark Evidence from Latin America–Treatment of Raised Intracranial Pressure–Pediatrics trial will compare outcomes from pediatric sTBI of a management protocol based on ICP monitoring vs 1 based on imaging and clinical examination without monitoring. Because no applicable comprehensive management algorithms for either cohort are available, it was necessary to develop them. METHODS: A consensus conference involving the 21 intensivists and neurosurgeons from the 8 trial sites used Delphi-based methodology to formulate management algorithms for both study cohorts. We included recommendations from the latest Brain Trauma Foundation pediatric sTBI guidelines and the consensus-based adult algorithms (Seattle International Brain Injury Consensus Conference/Consensus Revised Imaging and Clinical Examination) wherever relevant. We used a consensus threshold of 80%. RESULTS: We developed comprehensive management algorithms for monitored and nonmonitored cohort children with sTBI. We defined suspected intracranial hypertension for the nonmonitored group, set minimum number and timing of computed tomography scans, specified minimal age-adjusted mean arterial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure targets, defined clinical neuroworsening, described minimal requisites for intensive care unit management, produced tiered management algorithms for both groups, and listed treatments not routinely used. CONCLUSION: We will study these protocols in the Benchmark Evidence from Latin America–Treatment of Raised Intracranial Pressure–Pediatrics trial in low- and middle-income countries. Second, we present them here for consideration as prototype pediatric sTBI management algorithms in the absence of published alternatives, acknowledging their limited evidentiary status. Therefore, herein, we describe our study design only, not recommended treatment protocols.