Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling the neural correlates of imitation from a neuropsychological perspective

Imitation is a fundamental mechanism by which humans learn and understand the actions of others. This thesis addresses the low-level neural mechanisms underlying the imitation of meaningless gestures, using tools from computational neuroscience. We investigate how the human brain perceives these gestures and translates them into appropriate motor commands. In addition, we take a relatively unexplored neuropsychological perspective, which looks at imitation following a brain lesion. The analysis of how imitation breaks down in apraxia, a complex disorder of voluntary movement, enables us to reverse engineer brain function through the identification of those building blocks that are preserved. To better understand the phenomenon of apraxia, we develop a neurocomputational model of imitation that proposes potential neuroanatomical correlates, such as the flow of information across the two brain hemispheres. The model accounts for the pattern of errors observed in apraxic patients with disconnected brain hemispheres. To validate the predictions of our model, we further analyze the experimental errors and uncover a goal-dissociation, where a goal is defined as the spatial relation between two body parts. The experimental observations suggest that the imitation deficit in apraxia arises from an incorrect coordination between the reproductions of multiple goals. A prediction of this hypothesis was validated on three apraxic patients. The collected body of kinematic and neuropsychological data allowed us to refine our neurocomputational model of imitation, and to propose a biologically plausible mathematical model for the execution stage of the imitation. The model controls movement by following nonlinear dynamics, and precisely reproduces both the spatial and temporal aspects of unconstrained and natural three-dimensional reaching movements. Importantly, the model is stable and robust against external perturbations. Overall, our computational models and neuropsychological experiments contribute to a better understanding of how the brain performs the imitation of meaningless gestures; that is, by first decomposing the gesture into imitation goals, and then reproducing these goals through the association of different sensory modalities.
Sequence Analysis for Discrimination of Signal Peptides and Signal Anchor Sequences

Signal peptides (SP) are responsible for the secretion of mature proteins, and signal-anchor sequences of type I and type II (SA-1, SA-2) translocate C-terminal and N-terminal segments, respectively [1]. However, it is difficult to discriminate difference between SP and SA-2 from the information of amino acid sequences alone, because the difference between those sequences does not have significant motif [3]. Particularly, any clear sequence motif has not been reported so far in the C-terminal end region at which SP is cut off, although typical signal sequences show positively charged residues at their N-terminal end [2]. There are some reports of discrimination between SP and SA-2, but their accuracies are not satisfactory for practical application. Previously, we compared the distribution of electric charges charges at the C-terminal end of SA type II and found that the helical periodicity of charges is statistically large. In this work, we developed a new index for the discrimination between SP and SA-II, which enables the discrimination rate of about 80%.
The intelligent control based on perceiving-acting cycle by using 3D-range camera

This paper discusses a integrated perceptual system for intelligent control of a service robot. The robot should be able to perceive the environment flexibly to realize intelligent behaviors. We focus on the perceptual system based on the perceiving-acting cycle discussed in ecological psychology. We propose a perceptual system composed of the retinal model and the spiking-neural network to realize concept of the perceiving-acting cycle. The proposed method is applied to the robot arm equipped with a 3D-range camera. This proposed method features the robot detects the invariant information of a dish, for example the contrast of a distance Information or a luminance information. As experimental results, We show that the integrated perceptual system can adapt effectively in the dynamic environment.
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase inhibitors: update on patented compounds

Background: Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) has been implicated as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of a variety of disease states, including hepatic steatosis, metabolic diseases, skin and eye disorders, and certain cancers. Objective/method: This review focuses on the novel composition of matter patents in the area of small molecule SCD1 inhibitors, along with their pharmacological effects in relevant disease models. The prospect of targeting SCD1 inhibition as a novel therapeutic approach is discussed. Conclusion: The rapid development of SCD1 inhibitors is evidenced by the increasing number of patent applications published and the number of promising preclinical compounds that have emerged in the past 5 years. Between January 2005 and February 2009, there were ∼ 70 SCD1 inhibitor patent applications published.
Gender, women and leadership

abstract There is an ongoing debate which focuses on the question of whether women have different leadership styles from men. This article offers an overview of current perspectives on gender and leadership. Two opposing views of women and leadership are presented: Firstly, the view that there is little difference between women and men in leadership and secondly, the opposing argument that women have different leadership styles from men. The article suggests that the dominant view is that there are gender differences in leadership styles. It then examines explanations for these differences. By pointing to research on institutional culture, men and masculinities, it argues that gender differences in leadership are not reducible to biological differences, nor can these be adequately explained by socialisation practices and sex roles. Instead, we need to look at how some forms of gendered behaviours become dominant and privileged within organisational contexts that are masculinist. Finally, it is suggested t.
Dimerization and Autoprocessing of the Nedd2 (Caspase-2) Precursor Requires both the Prodomain and the Carboxyl-terminal Regions*

Nedd2 (caspase-2) is a cysteine protease of the caspase family that has been demonstrated to play a role in the apoptotic pathway. The 51-kDa precursor of Nedd2 undergoes cleavage into two subunits following various apoptotic stimuli. In this study, we have investigated the dimerization of the Nedd2 precursor (pro-Nedd2) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its self-processing activity in vivo. We demonstrate that the expression of pro-Nedd2 in yeast cells results in processing of the precursor. A catalytically inactive pro-Nedd2 mutant dimerized in yeast, and the dimerization required both the prodomain and the carboxyl-terminal residues. Aspartate mutants that block the removal of the p14/p12 subunits, but not the wild-type Nedd2, were shown to dimerize in yeast cells, suggesting that dimerization occurs prior to processing. In vitro processing of pro-Nedd2 by recombinant active Nedd2 defined the aspartate residues that are crucial for processing to occur. Both the in vivo and in vitro processing of pro-Nedd2 directly correlated with its ability to induce cell death in transient overexpression experiments.
Fingerloop activates cargo delivery and unloading during cotranslational protein targeting

During protein targeting by the signal recognition particle (SRP), signals from cargo binding in the SRP's M domain must be communicated to its GTPase domain to initiate the membrane delivery of cargo. In this study, a conserved fingerloop lining the signal sequence–binding groove of SRP is shown to provide a key link in this molecular communication.
Performance Improvement of Joint Source-Channel Coding With Unequal Power Allocation

We develop a joint source-channel coding (JSCC) scheme based on an unequal power allocation strategy, in which different levels of power are allocated according to a priori probability distribution of the information bits. Two protograph low-density parity-check codes are used as the source code and the channel code, respectively, in the proposed JSCC scheme. With fixed row weight and row element alphabet, optimization on the source code is conducted via random search to obtain a best-found base matrix with the lowest decoding threshold among all the searched base matrices. Simulation results show that the new JSCC scheme outperforms the traditional equal power allocation-based JSCC by exploiting the source statistics at the decoder. Moreover, theoretical threshold analysis is in agreement with the practical simulation results.
Linguistic Features of Genre and Method Variation in Translation: A Computational Perspective

In this paper we describe the use of text classification methods to investigate genre and method variation in an English - German translation corpus. For this purpose we use linguistically motivated features representing texts using a combination of part-of-speech tags arranged in bigrams, trigrams, and 4-grams. The classification method used in this paper is a Bayesian classifier with Laplace smoothing. We use the output of the classifiers to carry out an extensive feature analysis on the main difference between genres and methods of translation.
Design space methodology and its application in interior permanent magnet motor design

An innovative interpretation of the per-unit IPM machine model named as Design Space is presented in this paper. Based on the proposed Design Space formulation, a compute effective method to predict the IPM machine performance such as current and power factor in full speed range is proposed. A systematic methodology is summarized, which translates the full speed range machine design procedure into the region determination on the so-called Design Space. The effect of dc-link voltage is also analyzed in a similar manner with current and power factor. A series of IPM motors have been designed, and a preferred motor is selected with the help of the proposed Design Space Methodology (DSM), which has the best tradeoff between the nominal voltage and the dropped voltage condition. Experiment results show that, the selected motor satisfy the machine requirements and all the design constrains, such as the current and back-emf limitations.
Differential regulation of gene expression by insulin and IGF‐1 receptors correlates with phosphorylation of a single amino acid residue in the forkhead transcription factor FKHR

The transcription factor FKHR is inhibited by phosphorylation in response to insulin and IGF‐1 through Akt kinase. Here we show that FKHR phosphorylation in hepatocytes conforms to a hierarchical pattern in which phosphorylation of the Akt site at S253, in the forkhead DNA binding domain, is a prerequisite for the phosphorylation of two additional potential Akt sites, T24 and S316. Using insulin receptor‐deficient hepatocytes, we show that T24 fails to be phosphorylated by IGF‐1 receptors, suggesting that this residue is targeted by a kinase specifically activated by insulin receptors. Lack of T24 phosphorylation is associated with the failure of IGF‐1 to induce nuclear export of FKHR, and to inhibit expression of a reporter gene under the transcriptional control of the IGF binding protein‐1 insulin response element. We propose that site‐specific phosphorylation of FKHR is one of the mechanisms by which insulin and IGF‐1 receptors exert different effects on gene expression.
Evaluating the threat of epidemic mobile malware

While mobile malware has played a relatively small role compared to the behemoth of desktop malware, the changes both in the capability as well as in the proliferation of the mobile devices will steadily increase the attractiveness of mobile devices as resources to be attacked. The increased usage and connectivity of mobile devices opens up a much larger set of attack vectors to compromise these devices. In this paper, we discuss how the new features of mobile devices opens up the capability to create a new generation of mobile malware which is capable of realistically spreading epidemically on a fully mobile infection vector. We present a prototype of such a mobile malware that uses these features to replicate itself and spread over a mobile device-to-device vector. Using simulations we give quantitative support for the number of mobile devices and conditions needed to for an epidemic spread of mobile malware and present infection scenarios in downtown Chicago. Our results show that the recent growth and market dominance of just a handful of mobile phone companies and the trend towards mobile operating systems monoculture has already created a viable substrate for epidemic mobile malware.
Disjunctivism: Perception, Action, Knowledge

SECTION I: PERCEPTION 1. Hinton and the origins of disjunctivism 2. Either / or 3. Against disjunctivism 4. Disjunctivism about visual experience 5. Disjunctivism, indistinguishability, and the nature of hallucination 6. How to account for illusion 7. Disjunctivism and discriminability 8. The epistemic conception of hallucination SECTION II: ACTION 9. Disjunctive theories of perception and action 10. A disjunctivist conception of acting for reasons 11. On how to act - disjunctively SECTION III: KNOWLEDGE 12. McDowellian neo-Mooreanism 13. In defense of disjunctivism 14. Perceptual-recognitional abilities and perceptual knowledge 15. Starting afresh disjunctively: perceptual engagement with the world 16. The disjunctive conception of experience as material for a transcendental argument 17. Comment on John McDowell's "The Disjunctive Conception of Experience as Material for a Transcendental Argument"
Noncausal IIR Fractional Hilbert Transformers With Equiripple or Flat Phase Response

Noncausal infinite impulse response (IIR) systems yield a much better approximation of desired response than causal systems of the same complexity. Today's technology also enables their efficient implementation. In the design of Hilbert transformers, the noncausal approach has been exploited only for conventional transformers. This brief presents a method for the design of noncausal IIR fractional Hilbert transformers based on the elliptic approximation of the desired phase shift. All-pass transformers with equiripple and flat phase responses are considered. The method is given in closed form, which makes the design robust and suitable for high-order transformers.
An Organizational View of Distributed Systems

The relationship between organization theory and distributed systems is studied. By viewing distributed systems as analogous to human organizations, concepts and theories germane to the management science field of organization theory can be applied. Task complexity, uncertainty, coupled with resource constraints are shown to be important factors in deciding how a system is to be distributed.
Market Capture Models under Various Customer-Choice Rules

Given that a firm currently operates p facilities in a (retail) market, a competing firm considers entering this market by locating r facilities so as to maximize its market share. This problem, known as the maximum capture problem or as the (r | Xp-medianoid problem, assumes, as do most location decision problems, that consumers always patronize the closest facility regardless of ownership or proximity to alternative facilities. In this paper we relax this assumption by allowing different customer-choice rules. Two new models are proposed for the optimal location for the entering firm under different consumer decision rules. The models are solved by using an exact method and a heuristic. Solutions are then compared with those obtained by the classical maximum capture problem with the usual nearest facility allocation rule. Computational experiments suggest that the maximum capture problem provides locational patterns whose objective values, that is, captures, are very similar to those of the other two objectives.
Phosphodiesterase MoPdeH targets MoMck1 of the conserved mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signalling pathway to regulate cell wall integrity in rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.

In the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, the high-affinity cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase MoPdeH is important not only for cAMP signalling and pathogenicity, but also for cell wall integrity (CWI) maintenance through an unknown mechanism. By utilizing affinity purification, we found that MoPdeH interacts with MoMck1, one of the components of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade that regulates CWI. Overexpression of MoMCK1 suppressed defects in autolysis and pathogenicity of the ΔMopdeH mutant, although partially, suggesting that MoPdeH plays a critical role in CWI maintenance mediated by the MAP kinase pathway. We found that MoMck1 and two other MAP kinase cascade components, MoMkk1 and MoMps1, modulate intracellular cAMP levels by regulating the expression of MoPDEH through a feedback loop. In addition, disruption of MoMKK1 resulted in less aerial hyphal formation, defective asexual development and attenuated pathogenicity. Moreover, MoMkk1 plays a role in the response to osmotic stress via regulation of MoOsm1 phosphorylation levels, whereas endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress enhances MoMps1 phosphorylation and loss of the MAP kinase cascade component affects the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that MoPdeH functions upstream of the MoMck1-MoMkk1-MoMps1 MAP kinase pathway to regulate CWI, and that MoPdeH also mediates crosstalk between the cAMP signalling pathway, the osmotic sensing high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway and the dithiothreitol (DTT)-induced UPR pathway in M. oryzae.
Nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. 8. Antiplatelet activity and oral antithrombotic efficacy of L-734,217.

The antiplatelet activity of L-734,217, a nonpeptide platelet GPIIb/IIIa antagonist, was evaluated in the rat, guinea pig and dog. IC50 for inhibition of in vitro platelet aggregation for these species (agonists: adenosine diphosphate, collagen) were rat, 838,000 and > 1,100,000 nM; guinea pig, 124 and 156 nM; dog, 42 and 50 nM. In an in vivo rat/in vitro dog platelet aggregation assay, effective antiaggregatory plasma concentrations of L-734,217 were achieved after 8.0 to 16.0 mg/kg p.o. vs. 0.3 to 1.0 mg/kg i.v. to rats. Delays in platelet-dependent hemostatic plug formation in severed mesenteric arteries were observed after 2.0 to 5.0 mg/kg p.o. vs. 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg i.v. to guinea pigs. Dose-dependent inhibitions of ex vivo platelet aggregation after 0.3 to 3.0 mg/kg p.o. and 0.03 to 0.3 mg/kg i.v. L-734,217 to conscious dogs yielded estimates of 8 to 16% oral bioavailability. The antiplatelet activity of 3.0 mg/kg p.o. L-734,217 in dogs was unaffected by dosage form or food. In a conscious dog model of left circumflex coronary artery electrolytic lesion, 3.0 mg/kg p.o. L-734,217 q4 to 8 hr reduced thrombus mass, prevented occlusive coronary artery thrombosis and reduced or prevented myocardial infarction and ventricular ectopy. In anesthetized dogs, a dissociation between inhibition of ex vivo platelet aggregation and template bleeding time prolongation was observed with i.v. L-734,217. The results of the coadministration of heparin, aspirin and L-734,217 to anesthetized dogs suggested a synergistic effect on template bleeding time with no effect on plasma L-734,217 concentrations. These findings indicate L-734,217 to be an important lead structure for the development of therapeutically useful oral antiplatelet agents.
A Review of Intrusion Detection Technique by Soft Computing and Data Mining Approach

The growth of internet technology spread a large amount of data communication. The communication of data compromised network threats and security issues. The network threats and security issues raised a problem of data integrity and loss of data. For the purpose of data integrity and loss of data before 20 year Anderson developed a model of intrusion detection system. Initially intrusion detection system work on process of satirical frequency of audit system logs. Latter on this system improved by various researchers and apply some other approach such as data mining technique, neural network and expert system. Now in current research trend of intrusion detection system used soft computing approach such as fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm and machine learning. In this paper discuss some method of data mining and soft computing for the purpose of intrusion detection. Here used KDDCUP99 dataset used for performance evaluation for this technique.
Cross-cultural and inter-cultural mentorship in academe: American Indian culturally grounded constructs applied in social work education

An American Indian mentor and four student mentees voice their experiences in the mentor-mentee relationship. Two American Indian cultural constructs are utilized within the academic mentor-mentee relationship with four students. The first construct is learning from an individual who is considered an elder and mentor in the context of American Indian culture. Elders are viewed as teachers, guides, counselors, and supporters of mentees. One example of this construct is the American Indian cultural teaching that emphasizes that the selection of a mentee with potential to learn to accomplish a task is more important than the selection of a mentee who has already mastered the task. This construct allows the mentee to experiment and learn by doing, which can be more demanding of the mentor's time. The second construct is the traditional American Indian worldview of everyone having skills and abilities to share. Therefore, all are able to learn from one another. This construct facilitated opportunities for all four students to learn from each other's cross-cultural and inter-cultural differences between tribal life and the mainstream dominant culture.
Identification and Genomic Analysis of Transcription Factors in Archaeal Genomes Exemplifies Their Functional Architecture and Evolutionary Origin

Archaea, which represent a large fraction of the phylogenetic diversity of organisms, are prokaryotes with eukaryote-like basal transcriptional machinery. This organization makes the study of their DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs) and their transcriptional regulatory networks particularly interesting. In addition, there are limited experimental data regarding their TFs. In this work, 3,918 TFs were identified and exhaustively analyzed in 52 archaeal genomes. TFs represented less than 5% of the gene products in all the studied species comparable with the number of TFs identified in parasites or intracellular pathogenic bacteria, suggesting a deficit in this class of proteins. A total of 75 families were identified, of which HTH_3, AsnC, TrmB, and ArsR families were universally and abundantly identified in all the archaeal genomes. We found that archaeal TFs are significantly small compared with other protein-coding genes in archaea as well as bacterial TFs, suggesting that a large fraction of these small-sized TFs could supply the probable deficit of TFs in archaea, by possibly forming different combinations of monomers similar to that observed in eukaryotic transcriptional machinery. Our results show that although the DNA-binding domains of archaeal TFs are similar to bacteria, there is an underrepresentation of ligand-binding domains in smaller TFs, which suggests that protein–protein interactions may act as mediators of regulatory feedback, indicating a chimera of bacterial and eukaryotic TFs’ functionality. The analysis presented here contributes to the understanding of the details of transcriptional apparatus in archaea and provides a framework for the analysis of regulatory networks in these organisms.