Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sizing Up and Organising for Instruction in the First Weeks of School.

Grouping of students for instruction is an organizational pattern that is commonplace in literacy instruction in classrooms. A debate exists, however, about whether instruction is more effective when groups are heterogeneous or homogeneous with regard to student ability. A study aimed to provide a description of the grouping practices of New Zealand teachers in reading and writing; in particular, how and when groups are formed, what information is used to guide the formation of groups, and what teachers' expectations are about ideal group characteristics. Data were derived from observations and interviews conducted by graduate students who were participating in the 1999 Diploma in Teaching (Primary) program at the University of Auckland. Out of 110 student teachers, 90 agreed to contribute their observations and interviews. These 90 teachers were placed in 30 schools representing a wide range of socioeconomic levels and all levels of primary school (Years 1-8). Apart from the four teachers who conducted individualized reading programs, every other teacher surveyed formed groups for reading and, as in a previous (2000) study by Wilkinson and Townsend, ability was the preeminent determinant of group membership for reading. This was not true for writing, however, where far fewer teachers formed groups and of those who did, many made their grouping decisions on a heterogeneous basis rather than creating homogeneous groups. A large number of teachers surveyed conducted whole class lessons as the basis for their written language teaching. For both reading and writing, instructional programs commenced early in the year. (Contains 8 tables of data and 24 references.) (NKA) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
Platelet von Willebrand factor – structure, function and biological importance

Besides circulating in normal plasma, von Willebrand factor (VWF) is also stored at relatively high concentration within the α‐granules of platelets. This pool of platelet VWF exists distinct from plasma VWF, and is enriched in haemostatically‐active high molecular weight multimers. Interestingly, the glycosylation profile of platelet VWF differs significantly from that of plasma VWF. Total sialic acid and galactose expression are reduced twofold on platelet VWF, and ABO blood group carbohydrate determinants are not present on the N‐linked glycans of platelet VWF. Consequently, in view of the critical role played by VWF glycans in modulating its activity, it is not surprising that the functional properties of platelet VWF differ markedly compared to those of plasma VWF. Nevertheless, animal model studies suggest that both plasma and platelet VWF play important roles in securing primary haemostasis. In addition, platelet VWF antigen and activity levels vary markedly between patients with different types of von Willebrand disease (VWD). Future studies to define the biochemical mechanisms responsible for these differences between plasma and platelet VWF are thus not only of basic scientific interest, but also of direct translational importance.
Molecular Phylogeny of Sequenced Saccharomycetes Reveals Polyphyly of the Alternative Yeast Codon Usage

The universal genetic code defines the translation of nucleotide triplets, called codons, into amino acids. In many Saccharomycetes a unique alteration of this code affects the translation of the CUG codon, which is normally translated as leucine. Most of the species encoding CUG alternatively as serine belong to the Candida genus and were grouped into a so-called CTG clade. However, the “Candida genus” is not a monophyletic group and several Candida species are known to use the standard CUG translation. The codon identity could have been changed in a single branch, the ancestor of the Candida, or to several branches independently leading to a polyphyletic alternative yeast codon usage (AYCU). In order to resolve the monophyly or polyphyly of the AYCU, we performed a phylogenomics analysis of 26 motor and cytoskeletal proteins from 60 sequenced yeast species. By investigating the CUG codon positions with respect to sequence conservation at the respective alignment positions, we were able to unambiguously assign the standard code or AYCU. Quantitative analysis of the highly conserved leucine and serine alignment positions showed that 61.1% and 17% of the CUG codons coding for leucine and serine, respectively, are at highly conserved positions, whereas only 0.6% and 2.3% of the CUG codons, respectively, are at positions conserved in the respective other amino acid. Plotting the codon usage onto the phylogenetic tree revealed the polyphyly of the AYCU with Pachysolen tannophilus and the CTG clade branching independently within a time span of 30–100 Ma.
Automatic Term Extraction for Cross-Language Information Retrieval Using a Bilingual Parallel Corpus

Information retrieval is a crucial area of natural language processing (NLP) and can be defined as finding documents whose content is relevant to the query need of a user. Cross-language information retrieval refers to a kind of information retriev/al in which the language of the query and that of searched document are different. This paper tries to construct a bilingual lexicon from an English-Persian parallel corpus which can be directly applied to cross-language information retrieval tasks. For this purpose we used a statistical measure to compute the association value between every content word in the corpus and each of the content words in the corresponding sentence. The highest association value will belong to the most probable translation of the given word. The five highest scores belong to the five possible translations of the given word. The method was tested against a set of English words and the average accuracy of the method was obtained 87.33% for this experiment.
An Automated Approach for Verification of Software Requirements

In this paper, we present an automated approach for the verification of software requirements. This approach is based on the representation of software requirements in XML and the usage of the XSLT language to automatically verify some desired quality properties. These ideas have been implemented in REM, an experimental requirements management tool that is also described in this paper.
Elements of a Cognitive Theory of the Firm

This paper presents elements of a cognitive theory of the firm, from the perspective of embodied cognition.It entails the notion of 'cognitive distance' between people that have developed their cognition in different environments. This yields the notion of the firm as a 'focusing device', to reduce cognitive distance for the sake of efficient collaboration and for the resolution of conflict.This focus yields organisational myopia, which needs to be compensated by outside relations, between firms, at some cognitive distance.Next, on the basis of principles derived from cognitive science, this paper tries to resolve the problem of combining structural stability and change, which in economics is known as the problem of combining exploitation and exploration.This provides the basis for a theory of learning and innovation in organisations and economies.The theory is elaborated on the basis of the notion of 'scripts', also derived from cognitive science.
Decision-making tools and the development of expertise in child protection practitioners: are we ‘just breeding workers who are good at ticking boxes’?

Concern about the decision-making abilities of practitioners in child protection has led to the development and implementation of increasingly structured assessment tools, many based on forms of risk assessment. The positive and negative effects of such tools on practice have been widely researched and debated. This paper presents the findings from ethnographic research about the use of a particular set of decision-making tools that provide insights into how tools might affect the professional development of practitioners. The overall finding that the use of decision-making tools may impair professional development draws attention to the importance of the process of implementation, in particular how tools are regarded within an organization in relation to practitioner expertise.
Time-Varying Data Visualization Using Information Flocking Boids

This research demonstrates how principles of self-organization and behavior simulation can be used to represent dynamic data evolutions by extending the concept of information flocking, originally introduced by Proctor & Winter (1998), to time-varying datasets. A rule-based behavior system continuously controls and updates the dynamic actions of individual, three-dimensional elements that represent the changing data values of reoccurring data objects. As a result, different distinguishable motion types emerge that are driven by local interactions between the spatial elements as well as the evolution of time-varying data values. Notably, this representation technique focuses on the representation of dynamic data alteration characteristics, or how reoccurring data objects change over time, instead of depicting the exact data values themselves. In addition, it demonstrates the potential of motion as a useful information visualization cue. The original information flocking approach is extended to incorporate time-varying datasets, live database querying, continuous data streaming, real-time data similarity evaluation, automatic shape generation and more stable flocking algorithms. Different experiments prove that information flocking is capable of representing short-term events as well as long-term temporal data evolutions of both individual and groups of time-dependent data objects. An historical stock market quote price dataset is used to demonstrate the algorithms and principles of time-varying information flocking
Lernen aus neurowissenschaftlicher Sicht: Von der Assoziation zur Kognition

Zusammenfassung Lernen findet uber die gesamte Lebensspanne hinweg statt. Die meisten alltaglichen Lernprozesse (wie Erwerb motorischer Bewegungsabfolgen, Faktenwissen und sozialer Konventionen) erfolgen „automatisiert“ und werden hier unter dem Begriff „assoziatives Lernen“ zusammengefasst. Der folgende Beitrag gibt zunachst einen Uberblick uber die neurowissenschaftlichen Grundlagen assoziativen Lernens. Im Anschluss wird beispielhaft am Spracherwerb dargestellt, wie neues Wissen erfolgreich uber assoziatives Lernen vermittelt werden kann. Drittens wird eine non-pharmakologische Moglichkeit der Verstarkung assoziativen Lernens durch korperliche Voraktivierung vorgestellt. Abschliesend wird auf die Anwendungsmoglichkeiten dieser Lernprinzipien im Schulalltag eingegangen. Schlagworter: Assoziatives Lernen, Motorische Voraktivierung, Kognitive Neurowissenschaften, Lernverbesserung, Langzeitpotenzierung ----- Learning from a neuroscientific point of view: From association to cognition Abstract Learning takes place at all stages of life. The majority of daily learning processes, like learning new motor sequences or the acquisition of facts and social conventions, occur automatically and are summarized here under the term “associative learning”. The following article first gives an overview of the neuroscientific basis for associative learning. Taking language acquisition as an example, the successful acquisition of a new mini-vocabulary by associative learning principles is then demonstrated. A third section presents a non-pharmacological strategy to promote associative learning by motor coactivation. Finally, the application of associative learning principles in educational settings is described. Keywords: Associative Learning, Motor Preactivation, Cognitive Neuroscience, Improvement of Learning, Longterm Potentiation
Comparative Carbon Dioxide Hydration Kinetics and Inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase Isozymes in Vertebrates

Three kinetically distinct isozymes of carbonic anhydrase (CA) are known to occur in mammals. Human red cell isozymes I and I1 are structurally the two most well-characterized isozymes. Several secondary variants of these two isozymes have been found among human populations, but these are not kinetically distinct nor structurally different enough from normal CA I and CA I1 to be called new isozymes. CA I1 is present in all mammalian red cells examined so far. In some placental mammals, such as the bovine species, isozyme I is absent in red cells but appears in some tissues. A more recently discovered isozyme, CA 111, occurs in mammalian skeletal muscle. '*2 These three isozymes differ in their carbon dioxide hydration activity in the following order: I1 > I > 111. The CA of most mammalian tissues corresponds to the high-activity isozyme 11. CA I11 of skeletal muscle appears to be the same enzyme as the sex-specific CA of the male rat liver.29 In several tissues such as lung, liver, kidney, and brain, a membranebound form of CA is found.s6 The membrane-bound enzyme purified from the lung capillary endothejium is different from the cytoplasmic CAs antigenically and also in requiring disulfide bonding for a ~ t i v i t y , ~ but carbon dioxide hydration activities of membrane enzymes from this and other sources are close to that of isozyme I1 or fall between those of isozymes I and II. ',* Clearly, more data on the purified membrane enzyme are required to decide whether the membrane-bound CA has the status of a new isozyme. From the available data on the mammalian CA isozymes, there appears to be a correlation between the activity of the isozymes and their affinity for sulfonamides and anions, which are, in general, reversible inhibitors. The highactivity isozyme I1 is an order of magnitude more susceptible to inhibition by 2acetylamino-1,3 ,bthiadiazole-5-sulfonamide (acetazolamide) than I.9 Inorganic anions, on the other hand, have 10-100-fold higher affinity for isozyme I.9 CA 111, the least active of isozymes known so far, shows lo3-fold lower affinity for acetazolamide than I, but it is nearly as anion sensitive as I. 'O These findings on the kinetics of C 0 2 hydration by the mammalian CA isozymes have provided the reference point for the kinetic identification of the enzymes from nonmammalian sources. This is an important step toward the understanding of the genetic evolution of CA isozymes from the primitive to the
Effects of Stereo Viewing Conditions on Distance Perception in Virtual Environments

Several studies from different research groups investigating perception of absolute, egocentric distances in virtual environments have reported a compression of the intended size of the virtual space. One potential explanation for the compression is that inaccuracies and cue conflicts involving stereo viewing conditions in head mounted displays result in an inaccurate absolute scaling of the virtual world. We manipulate stereo viewing conditions in a head mounted display and show the effects of using both measured and fixed inter-pupilary distances, as well as bi-ocular and monocular viewing of graphics, on absolute distance judgments. Our results indicate that the amount of compression of distance judgments is unaffected by these manipulations. The equivalent performance with stereo, bi-ocular, and monocular viewing suggests that the limitations on the presentation of stereo imagery that are inherent in head mounted displays are likely not the source of distance compression reported in previous virtual environment studies.
Small Sample Fault Data Prediction Study Based on Weibull Model

Using software testing data collected, this paper established a software safety defects S curve model based on Weibull model theory. χ2 testing and prediction error testing are employed to verify the matching ability of the Weibull model and applicability of the predicting result. How to select truncation error is also discussed here. Results show that better predictive effect can be achieved if computational formula of truncation error is properly adjusted. The application of predicting model was also developed in this paper. Small sample fault data prediction and predicting error problems are discussed here. If the amount of fault data accumulated is not big enough, prediction cannot carry out. Analyzing results point out that it can be solved through the combination of different types of data. Then variation tendency of small sample fault data can be predicted.
Análisis de la evolución del fútbol a lo largo de los mundiales

Analysis of the evolution of soccer at the world championships. This research follows the line of investigation opened some years ago about the generalizability studies and variance components applied to soccer. In this investigation, various matches played during the final phase of the last three World Championships (France'98, Korea and Japan'02 and Germany'06) were observed and coded while their interaction contexts were registered. In total, 58 matches were used for this investigation. The following facets were considered: 5 field areas where the 48 contexts are moved or transformed and 7 different types of match result. The results confirm the linear model, which can be generalized to the universe. The resulting 1% of the variance explained by the World Championship facet (1 point when analyzed singly and 14 points when it interacts with the other facets) allows us to confirm that soccer has not changed over the last three World Championships.
非小细胞肺癌原发灶和转移灶EGFR和KRAS状态比较的meta分析

背景与目的 非小细胞肺癌EGFR和KRAS基因状态对肺癌一线靶向治疗的选择尤为关键，而原发肿瘤和转移瘤之间可能存在不同的EGFR和KRAS基因状态。 本研究旨在系统评价比较配对的原发肺癌灶和转移灶EGFR和KRAS基因状态以指导临床实践。 方法 通过Pubmed数据库检索所有符合检索条件的文献，末次检索日期2010年5月10日，根据纳入和排除标准进一步筛选。 采用meta分析方法比对肺癌原发灶和转移灶中EGFR基因突变、扩增、EGFR蛋白表达和KRAS基因突变状态之间的差异。 结果 14篇文献纳入meta分析，具有配对的原发灶和转移灶，598例 vs 598例。 原发灶中EGFR蛋白表达和KRAS基因的突变频率高于转移灶，RR分别为1. 13(95%CI: 0.98-1.31, P=0.09)和1. 39(95%CI: 0.95-2.03, P=0.09)。 转移灶中EGFR的基因拷贝数高于原发灶，RR=0.74(95%CI: 0.53-1.02, P=0.06)。 EGFR基因在原发灶和转移灶中的突变频率无统计学差异(P=0.31)。 原发灶和转移灶基因状态不一致率分别为：EGFR突变率为17. 09%；EGFR扩增率为27. 07%；EGFR蛋白表达率为27. 84%；KRAS突变率为25. 91%。 结论 肺癌原发灶和相应转移灶中EGFR基因突变较KRAS基因状态更为稳定，原发灶中KRAS基因突变更能反映肺癌周身癌灶KRAS基因特征，单独对转移灶做KRAS状态分析可能会引入更多抵抗EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗的患者。 联合检测原发灶中EGFR和KRAS基因突变可作为肺癌靶向治疗的疗效预测指标。
GROUP THERAPY WITH DEPRESSIVES: A PERSONAL CONSTRUCT THEORY PERSPECTIVE

George Kelly's [1] Psychology of personal constructs viewed the individual as constantly trying to increase the predictability of his or her world by using "transparent patterns or templets which he creates and then attempts to fit over the realities of which the world is composed" (Pp. 8-9). These transparent patterns or templets are constructs and form the basis of hypotheses the person is continually engaged in testing out and revising if they are not validated by the evidence collected. When a person finds that his or her constructs are largely inapplicable to events, he or she experiences anxiety. Construing can, therefore, be regarded as being directed toward the reduction of anxiety, although Kelly preferred to view it in a positive sense, as a quest for meaning. The person's anticipation of events is facilitated by the organization of his or her constructs into a hierarchical system whose structure and content may be assessed by methods such as Kelly's [1] Role Construct Repertory Test (Rep Test). In this test the client's constructs are elicited and then, in the grid form of the test, used to sort various elements, such as significant others or aspects of the self. As personal construct theory does not consider human behavior to be directed primarily toward hedonistic ends, it has no difficulty in explaining behavior, such as a depressed person's, that at first sight may appear highly self-destructive. Thus, if people engage in such
Using Peer Response Groups in ESL Writing Classes

Theories of adult education, composition, and ESL encourage the use of peer response groups in teaching writing. But using such groups is difficult. I describe and provide the rationale for-a rather structured method I developed as a transition between no writing groups and the freer writing groups students might join in the future. The method worked very well with upper intermediate/advanced students in a college setting.
Hume on the Importance of Humanity

Humeâ€™s discussion of humanity, although well worth our attention, has been almost completely neglected by scholars. Reconstructing Humeâ€™s account of humanity reveals a powerful moral concept that makes Humeâ€™s ethics a crucial achievement of the Enlightenment. This paper divides into three parts. In part one, I argue that Humeâ€™s account of humanity in EPM distinguishes between partial forms of sympathy that lead to factions and inhumanity, and a more cultivated sympathy that reflects our sense of humanity. In part two, I turn to â€œA Dialogue” and â€œOf the Standard of Taste” to show that confronting and overcoming prejudice is an important component of humanity. The third and final part of the paper draws together the strands of Humeâ€™s discussions of humanity in his Essays. In his essay on slavery, Hume acutely criticizes social arrangements that give liberties to some at the expense of others. I conclude that we should regard a cultivated sense of humanity as an ethical attitude and virtue that reflects the capacity to overcome prejudice and promote the decent treatment of others.
HTL1 Encodes a Novel Factor That Interacts with the RSC Chromatin Remodeling Complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT RSC is an essential chromatin remodeling complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that performs central roles in transcriptional regulation and cell cycle progression. Here we identify Htl1 as a novel factor that associates with the RSC complex both physically and functionally. We isolated HTL1 through a genetic screen for mutants that displayed additive growth defects with a conditional mutation in the protein kinase C gene (PKC1), which has been suggested through genetic connections to interact functionally with RSC. Several lines of evidence connect HTL1 to RSC function. First, an htl1Δ mutant displayed temperature-sensitive growth and a G2/M cell cycle arrest at restrictive temperatures, a phenotype similar to that of strains with conditional mutations in essential RSC components. Second, we isolated RSC3, which encodes a component of the RSC complex, as a dosage suppressor of the htl1Δ growth arrest. Third, an htl1Δ mutant displayed additive growth defects with conditional rsc3 alleles. Fourth, overexpression of HTL1 suppressed the growth defect of a strain with a conditional mutation in another RSC component, RSC8. Finally, we demonstrate that Htl1 is a nuclear protein that can associate in vivo with a fraction of the RSC complex. We propose that an RSC-Htl1 complex acts coordinately with protein kinase C to regulate the G2/M transition.