Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Age-Related Differences in the Reliance on Executive Control in Working Memory: Role of Task Demand

We examined the hypothesis that age-related differences in the reliance on executive control may be better explained by variations of task demand than by a mechanism specifically linked to aging. To this end, we compared the relationship between the performance of young and older adults on two executive functioning tests and an updating working-memory task with different load levels. The results revealed a significant interaction between age, task demand, and individual executive capacities, indicating that executive resources were only involved at lower loads in older adults, and only at higher loads in young adults. Overall, the results are not consistent with the proposition that cognition places greater demand on executive control in older adults. However, they support the view that how much young and older adults rely on executive control to accomplish cognitive tasks depends on task demand. Finally, interestingly these results are consistent with the CRUNCH model accounting for age-related differences in brain activations.
An Easy Test for Independence between Two Stationary Long Memory Processes via AR Approximations , With An Application to the Volatility of Foreign Exchange Rates

This paper proposes an easy test for independence between two stationary autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA) processes via AR approximations. We prove that an ARFIMA (p, d, q) process, φ(L)(1 − L)yt = θ(L)et, d ∈ (0, 0.5), where et is a white noise, can be approximated well by an autoregressive (AR) model and establish the theoretical foundation of Haugh’s (1976) statistics to test the independence between two ARFIMA processes. Using Haugh statistic can also avoid the issues of spurious regression induced by the long memory processes considered by Tsay and Chung (2000). We also provide the guidance of determination of the order of AR(k) model fitted to long memory processes. Monte Carlo experiments are conducted to investigate the finite sample properties of our analytical results. The simulations confirm the desirability of using the Haugh test statistics after AR pre-whitening of ARFIMA processes to test for independence in finite sample. We illustrate the use of our methodology by investigating the independence between the volatility of two daily nominal dollar exchange rates-Euro and Japanese Yen. We find that there exists ” strongly simultaneous correlation ” between the volatilities of Euro and Yen within 30 days.
The Extraction of Popular Music Chorus via Structural Content Analysis

Automatic chorus extraction from popular music is an interesting topic. Chorus extraction facilitates a user to quickly and efficiently preview selections from a large music database and also an essential preprocessing step for further purposes such as indexing and search. In this paper, a framework for extracting chorus from popular music based on structural content analysis is proposed. The repetitive structure is characterized via music color representation called colormap. A colormap of a song based on mapping different frequency bands to color space is used to find repeating patterns. This representation efficiently reveals the relationship of music structure. MFCCs (Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients) are employed to identify chorus and verse of a song according the structure information and music domain knowledge. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method over a sizable popular song database.
Fully Human Monoclonal Antibodies Antagonizing the Glucagon Receptor Improve Glucose Homeostasis in Mice and Monkeys

Antagonizing the glucagon signaling pathway represents an attractive therapeutic approach for reducing excess hepatic glucose production in patients with type 2 diabetes. Despite extensive efforts, there is currently no human therapeutic that directly inhibits the glucagon/glucagon receptor pathway. We undertook a novel approach by generating high-affinity human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the human glucagon receptor (GCGR) that display potent antagonistic activity in vitro and in vivo. A single injection of a lead antibody, mAb B, at 3 mg/kg, normalized blood glucose levels in ob/ob mice for 8 days. In addition, a single injection of mAb B dose-dependently lowered fasting blood glucose levels without inducing hypoglycemia and improved glucose tolerance in normal C57BL/6 mice. In normal cynomolgus monkeys, a single injection improved glucose tolerance while increasing glucagon and active glucagon-like peptide-1 levels. Thus, the anti-GCGR mAb could represent an effective new therapeutic for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Quality of Sensing Aware Budget Feasible Mechanism for Mobile Crowdsensing

In a mobile crowdsensing system, the platform utilizes ubiquitous smartphones to perform sensing tasks. For a successful mobile crowdsensing application, the consideration of the heterogeneity of quality of sensing from different users as well as a proper incentive mechanism to motivate users to contribute to the system are essential. In this paper, we introduce the quality of sensing into incentive mechanism design. Under a budget constraint, the platform aims to maximize the valuation of the performed tasks, which depends on the quality of sensing of the users. We propose ABSee, an auction-based budget feasible mechanism, which consists of a winner selection rule and a payment determination rule. ABSee is designed by adopting a greedy approach. We obtain the approximation ratio of ABSee, which significantly improves the approximation ratio of the existing budget feasible mechanisms in many cases. We further show that the approximation ratio approaches $\frac {2e}{e-1}$ when a large number of smartphone users participate in the system. ABSee also satisfies the properties of computational efficiency, truthfulness, individual rationality, and budget feasibility. Extensive simulation results show that ABSee provides a higher valuation to the platform when compared with existing budget feasible mechanisms in the literature.
Aerobic glycolysis in cancers: Implications for the usability of oxygen‐responsive genes and fluorodeoxyglucose‐PET as markers of tissue hypoxia

The hypoxia‐responsiveness of the glycolytic machinery may allow pretreatment identification of hypoxic tumors from HIF‐1 targets (e.g., Glut‐1) or [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography but results have been mixed. We hypothesized that this discrepancy is an inevitable consequence of elevated aerobic glycolysis in tumors (Warburg effect) as energetics in predominantly glycolytic cells is little affected by hypoxia. Accordingly, we characterized glycolytic and mitochondrial ATP generation in normoxic and anoxic cell lines. Measurements demonstrated that most cancer cells rely largely on aerobic glycolysis as it accounts for 56–63% of their ATP budget, but in the cervical carcinoma SiHa, ATP synthesis was mainly mitochondrial. Moreover, the stimulatory effect of anoxia on glycolytic flux was inversely correlated to the relative reliance on aerobic glycolysis. Next, tumor cells representing a Warburg or a nonglycolytic phenotype were grown in mice and spatial patterns of hypoxia (pimonidazole‐stained), Glut‐1 expression and 18F‐FDG uptake were analysed on sectioned tumors. Only in SiHa tumors did foci of elevated glucose metabolism consistently colocalize with regions of hypoxia and elevated Glut‐1 expression. In contrast, spatial patterns of Glut‐1 and pimonidazole staining correlated reasonably well in all tumors. In conclusion, Glut‐1's value as a hypoxia marker is not severely restricted by aerobic glycolysis. In contrast, the specificity of 18F‐FDG uptake and Glut‐1 expression as markers of regional hypoxia and glucose metabolism, respectively, scales inversely with the intensity of the Warburg effect. This linkage suggests that multi‐tracer imaging combining FDG and hypoxia‐specific markers may provide therapeutically relevant information on tumor energetic phenotypes. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Searching for the kernel of a polygon—a competitive strategy

We present a competitive strategy for walking into the kernel of an initially unknown star-shaped polygon. From an arbitrary start point, s, within the polygon, our strategy finds a path to the closest kernel point, k, whose length does not exceed 5:3331.times the distance from s to k. This is complemented by a general lower bound of v2. Our analysis relies on a result about a new and interesting class of curves which are self-approaching in the following sense. For any three consecutive points a, b, c on the curve the point b is closer to c than a to c. We show a tight upper bound of 5:3331. for the length of a self-approaching curve over the distance between its endpoints.
A fast distributed suffix array generation algorithm

We present a distributed algorithm for suffix array generation, based on the sequential algorithm of U. Manber and E. Myers (1993). The sequential algorithm is O(nlogn) in the worst case and O(nloglogn) on average, where n is the text size. Using p processors connected through a high bandwidth network, we obtain O((n/p)loglogn) average time, which is an almost optimal speedup. Unlike previous algorithms, the text is not transmitted through the network and hence the messages exchanged are much smaller. We present some experimental evidence to show that the new algorithm can be faster than the sequential Manber & Myers counterpart.
On the Probabilistic Deployment of Smart Grid Networks in TV White Space

To accommodate the rapidly increasing demand for wireless broadband communications in Smart Grid (SG) networks, research efforts are currently ongoing to enable the SG networks to utilize the TV spectrum according to the Cognitive Radio paradigm. To this aim, in this letter, we develop an analytical framework for the optimal deployment of multiple closely-located SG Neighborhood Area Networks (NANs) concurrently using the same TV spectrum. The objective is to derive the optimal values for both the number of NANs and their coverage. More specifically, regarding the number of NANs, we derive the optimal closed-form expression, i.e., the closed-form expression that assures the deployment of the maximum number of NANs in the considered region satisfying a given collision constraint on the transmissions of the NANs. Regarding the NAN coverage, we derive the optimal closed-form expression, i.e., the closed-form expression of the NAN transmission range that assures the maximum coverage of each NAN in the considered region satisfying the given collision constraint. All the theoretical results are derived by adopting a stochastic approach. Finally, numerical results validate the theoretical analysis.
A frequency domain model for 'filtered' LMS algorithms-stability analysis, design, and elimination of the training mode

A frequency domain model of the filtered LMS algorithm is presented for analyzing the behavior of the weights during adaptation. In particular, expressions for stable operation of the algorithm are derived as a function of the algorithm step size, the input signal power, and the transfer functions of the linear filters. The expressions show that algorithm stability can be achieved over a frequency band of interest by inserting an appropriately chosen delay in the reference input to the LMS algorithm weight update equation. This result implies that it is not necessary to use a training mode to estimate the loop transfer functions before or during adaptation if the input is limited to a band of frequencies. It is only necessary to know the approximate delay introduced by the transfer functions in the band. The single delay parameter can be estimated much more easily than the entire transfer function. Simulations of the time domain algorithm are presented to support the theoretical predictions of the frequency domain model. >
Incidence and risk factors for development of venous thromboembolism in Indian patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery: results of a prospective study

Introduction: The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Western populations undergoing major orthopaedic surgery without any thromboprophylaxis has been reported to range from 32% to 88%. There is however limited information on incidence of VTE in Indian patients and most of the Indian patients undergoing these surgeries do not receive any form of prophylaxis regardless of their risk profile. Methods: A prospective study was performed on 147 patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery for total knee replacement (TKR), total hip replacement (THR), and proximal femur fracture fixation (PFF) without any prophylaxis. These patients were profiled for presence of the known risk factors responsible for development of VTE. A duplex ultrasound on both lower limbs was done 6 to 10 days after surgery. Twenty three patients underwent THR, 22 patients underwent TKR, and 102 underwent surgery for PFF. The patients were assessed clinically for any signs of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). A helical CT scan was done in case of suspicion of PE and a duplex ultrasound was done in case of clinical suspicion of DVT irrespective of the stage of study. Results: The overall incidence of VTE was 6.12% and that of PE was 0.6%. The risk factors that were found to be significantly responsible for development of VTE (p < 0.05) were: immobility greater than 72 hours, malignancy, obesity, surgery lasting more than two hours. Conclusion: The study reconfirms the belief that DVT has a lower incidence in Indian patients as compared with other ethnic groups.
The Biochemical, Biological, and Pathological Kaleidoscope of Cell Surface Substrates Processed by Matrix Metalloproteinases

ABSTRACT Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a family of more than 20 endopeptidases. Identification of specific matrix and non-matrix components as MMP substrates showed that, aside from their initial role as extracellular matrix modifiers, MMPs play significant roles in highly complex processes such as the regulation of cell behavior, cell-cell communication, and tumor progression. Thanks to the comprehensive examination of the expanded MMP action radius, the initial view of proteases acting in the soluble phase has evolved into a kaleidoscope of proteolytic reactions connected to the cell surface. Important classes of cell surface molecules include adhesion molecules, mediators of apoptosis, receptors, chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, proteases, intercellular junction proteins, and structural molecules. Proteolysis of cell surface proteins by MMPs may have extremely diverse biological implications, ranging from maturation and activation, to inactivation or degradation of substrates. In this way, modification of membrane-associated proteins by MMPs is crucial for communication between cells and the extracellular milieu, and determines cell fate and the integrity of tissues. Hence, insights into the processing of cell surface proteins by MMPs and the concomitant effects on physiological processes as well as on disease onset and evolution, leads the way to innovative therapeutic approaches for cancer, as well as degenerative and inflammatory diseases.
THE mdx MOUSE SKELETAL MUSCLE MYOPATHY: I. A HISTOLOGICAL, MORPHOMETRIC AND BIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION

Skeletal muscle has been examined in a colony of the mdx strain of myopathic mice. Sixty-five mice from 22 to 303 days of age, showed extensive and recurrent areas of necrosis and regeneration of muscle fibres, often accompanied by active cellular infiltration. Morphometry of the soleus muscle revealed an abnormal proportion of small and large muscle fibres; over half of the muscle fibres contained 'central' (non-peripheral) nuclei. No histochemical muscle fibre-type grouping was detected. Serum activities of muscle-derived enzymes were greatly elevated in all animals and probably reflect enzyme leakage from damaged muscle fibres. Histological evidence of a cardiomyopathy was found in 13 mice. The mdx myopathy thus shows features seen in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Mdx differs from Duchenne dystrophy principally in that it exhibits a greater degree of compensatory muscle regeneration and an absence of fibro-fatty replacement of muscle fibres.
A computer-based matrix for rapid calculation of pulmonary hemodynamic parameters in congenital heart disease

BACKGROUND: In patients with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac catheterization for hemodynamic purposes, parameter estimation by the indirect Fick method using a single predicted value of oxygen consumption has been a matter of criticism. OBJECTIVE: We developed a computer-based routine for rapid estimation of replicate hemodynamic parameters using multiple predicted values of oxygen consumption. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using Microsoft® Excel facilities, we constructed a matrix containing 5 models (equations) for prediction of oxygen consumption, and all additional formulas needed to obtain replicate estimates of hemodynamic parameters. RESULTS: By entering data from 65 patients with ventricular septal defects, aged 1 month to 8 years, it was possible to obtain multiple predictions for oxygen consumption, with clear between-age groups (P <.001) and between-methods (P <.001) differences. Using these predictions in the individual patient, it was possible to obtain the upper and lower limits of a likely range for any given parameter, which made estimation more realistic. CONCLUSION: The organized matrix allows for rapid obtainment of replicate parameter estimates, without error due to exhaustive calculations.
Complement Independent Antibody‐Mediated Endarteritis and Transplant Arteriopathy in Mice

Complement fixation, as evidenced by C4d in the microvasculature, is a widely accepted criterion of antibody‐mediated rejection. Complement fixation has been shown to be essential in acute antibody‐mediated rejection, but its role in chronic rejection has not been addressed. Previous studies showed that passive transfer of complement fixing monoclonal IgG2a anti‐H‐2Kk into B6.RAG1−/− KO recipients of B10.BR hearts led to progressive chronic transplant arteriopathy (CTA) over 14–28 days, accompanied by C4d deposition. The present studies were designed to test whether complement was required for these lesions. We report that a noncomplement fixing donor‐specific alloantibody (DSA, monoclonal IgG1 anti‐H‐2Kk) injected into B6.RAG1‐/‐ KO recipients of B10.BR hearts also promotes CTA, without C4d deposition. Furthermore, a passive transfer of DSA (monoclonal IgG2a anti‐H‐2Kk) initiated endarteritis followed by CTA in B6.RAG1−/‐ mice genetically deficient in the third component of complement (RAG1−/−C3−/−). These studies indicate that antibody to class I MHC antigens can trigger chronic arterial lesions in vivo without complement participation, in contrast to acute antibody‐mediated rejection. This pathway may be relevant to C4d‐negative chronic rejection sometimes observed in patients with DSA, and argues that lack of C4d deposition does not exclude antibody‐mediated chronic rejection.
Predicting click through rate for job listings

Click Through Rate (CTR) is an important metric for ad systems, job portals, recommendation systems. CTR impacts publisher's revenue, advertiser's bid amounts in "pay for performance" business models. We learn regression models using features of the job, optional click history of job, features of "related" jobs. We show that our models predict CTR much better than predicting avg. CTR for all job listings, even in absence of the click history for the job listing.
Novel Masters of Erythropoiesis: Hypoxia Inducible Factors and Recent Advances in Anemia of Renal Disease

Anemia seen in patients with chronic kidney disease is a particular form of ‘anemia of chronic disease'. Although multifactorial in origin, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and adjuvant iron therapy represent the primary treatment for anemia in chronic kidney disease. Subsequent clinical observations revealed that these ESA hyporesponsive patients often had increased systemic inflammation as a consequence of their comorbidities. Use of high ESA doses to overcome this ESA hyporesponsiveness posed some concerns regarding associated adverse events of therapy and increased mortality in this special patient population. Recognizing the pivotal roles of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) in orchestrating elements of erythropoiesis opened new avenues in the management of renal anemia. Several phase 1 and 2 studies confirmed the results of early experimental studies supporting the beneficial role of augmenting HIFs for erythropoiesis. In this review, we describe the physiologic functions of HIF in erythropoiesis with special emphasis on interactions with iron and hepcidin metabolism and inflammation.
A simple method for measuring crosstalk in stereoscopic displays

Crosstalk (also known as "ghosting", "leakage", or "extinction"), a vitally important concept in stereoscopic 3D displays, has not been clearly defined or measured in the stereoscopic literature (Woods). In this paper, a mathematical definition is proposed which uses a "physical" approach. This derivation leads to a clear definition of leftview or right-view crosstalk and shows that 1), when the display's black level is not zero, it must be subtracted out and 2), when the source intensities are equal, crosstalk can be measured using observed intensities totally within the respective view. Next, a simple method of measuring crosstalk is presented, one that relies on only viewing a test chart on the display. No electronic or optical instruments are needed. Results of the use of the chart are presented, as well as optical measurements, which did not agree well with chart results. The main reason for the discrepancy is the difficulty of measuring very low light levels. With wide distribution, this tool can lead to the collection of useful performance information about 3D displays and, therefore, to the production of the best stereoscopic displays.
Relative Price) Lessons from Taking an AK Model to the Data

This paper takes an AK model to the PWT data. Using the policy functions of the model, we recover time series for technology and investment shocks for a panel of countries and we isolate what we believe to be pervasive patterns in macroeconomics: i) the two shocks are negatively correlated, ii) consumption becomes ever cheaper relative to investment measured broadly, and iii) investment shocks matter less than technology shocks for postwar data. The widely researched relative price of equipment investment is an incomplete and potentially misleading part of the real relative intertemporal price. JEL Classification: E21, E32, O40
Cotard's syndrome with glioblastoma multiforme

Abstract Objective: Brain tumors are classically associated with neurological and/or psychiatric symptomatology. Behavioral or cognitive disorders can underlie delirium, personality changes, psychotic reactions, and mood disorders. Method: To illustrate this, we report the case of a 60-year-old male patient confronted with an inoperable glioblastoma multiforme on the splenium of the corpus callosum, of poor prognosis, treated by concomitant radiochemotherapy with temozolomide, who developed psychotic depression with Cotard's syndrome. Clinical manifestations of this syndrome with untoward consequences in terms of prognosis are classically characterized by intense moral suffering, indignity and pessimistic fixations, suicidal ideations, and a nihilistic delusion relating to one's own body. Results: Nevertheless, this association between Cotard's syndrome and glioblastoma has been seldom described. To our knowledge, this is the first time that this has been described as a complication of this particular tumor location. Some neuropsychopathological hypotheses are proposed, which involve medical, iatrogenic, and psychogenesis issues. Significance of results: This case report points to the necessary collaboration between psychiatrists, neuro-oncologists and radiation oncologists in improving the patient's management and quality of life.