Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Significance of Ischemic Heart Disease in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved, Midrange, and Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Background— The pathogenic role of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; EF <40%) is well established, but its pathogenic and prognostic significance in HF with midrange (HFmrEF; EF 40%–50%) and preserved EF (HFpEF; EF ≥50%) has been much less explored. Methods and Results— We evaluated 42 987 patients from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry with respect to baseline IHD, outcomes (IHD, HF, cardiovascular events, and all-cause death), and EF change during a median follow-up of 2.2 years. Overall, 23% had HFpEF (52% IHD), 21% had HFmrEF (61% IHD), and 55% had HFrEF (60% IHD). After multivariable adjustment, associations with baseline IHD were similar for HFmrEF and HFrEF and lower in HFpEF (risk ratio, 0.91 [0.89–0.93] versus HFmrEF and risk ratio, 0.90 [0.88–0.92] versus HFrEF). The adjusted risk of IHD events was similar for HFmrEF versus HFrEF and lower in HFpEF (hazard ratio, 0.89 [0.84–0.95] versus HFmrEF and hazard ratio, 0.84 [0.80–0.90] versus HFrEF). After adjustment, prevalent IHD was associated with increased risk of IHD events and all other outcomes in all EF categories except all-cause mortality in HFpEF. Those with IHD, particularly new IHD events, were also more likely to change to a lower EF category and less likely to change to a higher EF category over time. Conclusions— HFmrEF resembled HFrEF rather than HFpEF with regard to both a higher prevalence of IHD and a greater risk of new IHD events. Established IHD was an important prognostic factor across all HF types.
Intrusion Detection Model Based on Hierarchical Fuzzy Inference System

With the growing rate of network attacks, intelligent methods for detecting new attacks have attracted increasing interest. This paper presents an approach incorporating several soft computing techniques to construct a Hierarchical Neuro-Fuzzy Inference intrusion detection system which can implement either misuse or anomaly detection. In the proposed system principal component analysis neural network is used to reduce the dimensions of the feature space. And the preprocessed data is clustered by applying an enhanced Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm to extract and manage fuzzy rules. The system developments two level Neuro-Fuzzy inference system. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize the structure of the system. Finally a publicly available DRAPA/KDD99 dataset is used to demonstrate the approaches and the results show their accuracy.
Neighbourhood type and walkshed size

Neighbourhood block pattern has been hypothesized to be a major factor in providing residents with the potential for walking. However, without an accurate tool to measure walksheds, this was not verifiable. Recent research, a portion of the EcoEUFORIA (Economic Evaluation of Urban Form to Increase Activity) project, provided techniques for accurately measuring walksheds, and allowed statistical analysis of a large data-set representing all the neighbourhoods in Calgary, Canada. This research demonstrates that walkshed size varies among neighbourhood types, with the grid block pattern being the most walkable, and the curvilinear pattern the least. Despite the growing body of knowledge regarding walkability, the prevailing practice is to continue to develop the less walkable curvilinear forms. This research has the potential to influence the development of planning policies that promote more walkable neighbourhood design, in that it illustrates clearly, and using a large data-set, the relationships between neighbourhood form and walkability.
What it Means to Care: How Educators Conceptualize and Actualize Caring

Abstract Seeking to put a face on educators' conceptualizations of caring, this study examines findings from open-ended surveys of 144 teacher candidates, classroom teachers, and college faculty associated with a mid-Atlantic university's teacher education program. Reflecting theoretical constructs described in the literature on resilience, multiculturality, and the care ethic, findings indicate that educators at all levels define and actualize educational care in terms of help they offer to learners, their efforts to get to know and show interest in learners, and listening to learners. Being compassionate, caring about the individual, and giving their time are also qualities identified, particularly by candidates who are still receiving care from their own teachers. This study also suggests a host of applications in teacher education.
Visual attention tracking during program debugging

This paper reports on a study which compared two tools for tracking the focus of visual attention - a remote eye tracker and the Restricted Focus Viewer (RFV). The RFV tool blurs the stimuli in order to simulate human vision; the user controls the portion of the screen which is in focus with a computer mouse. Both tools were used by eighteen participants debugging three Java programs for ten minutes each. The results in terms of debugging accuracy and debugging behavior were compared using the restricting view condition of the RFV and a measuring tool as factors. The results show that while the debugging performance and the distribution of the time spent on areas of interest (AOI) are not influenced by the restricting view condition, the dynamics of programming behavior is different. The number of switches between the AOIs as measured by the RFV significantly differed from those measured by the eye tracker. Also the number of switches under the restricted and unrestricted RFV condition was significantly different. We maintain that the RFV must be used with caution to measure the switches of visual attention.
Urinary tract infections in women: etiology and treatment options

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common among the female population. It has been calculated that about one-third of adult women have experienced an episode of symptomatic cystitis at least once. It is also common for these episodes to recur. If predisposing factors are not identified and removed, UTI can lead to more serious consequences, in particular kidney damage and renal failure. The aim of this review was to analyze the factors more commonly correlated with UTI in women, and to see what possible solutions are currently used in general practice and specialized areas, as well as those still under investigation. A good understanding of the possible pathogenic factors contributing to the development of UTI and its recurrence will help the general practitioner to interview the patient, search for causes that would otherwise remain undiscovered, and to identify the correct therapeutic strategy.
Developing guidelines for assessing visual analytics environments

In this article, we develop guidelines for evaluating visual analytics environments based on a synthesis of reviews for the entries to the 2009 Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) Symposium Challenge and from a user study with professional intelligence analysts. By analyzing the 2009 VAST Challenge reviews, we gained a better understanding of what is important to our reviewers, both visualization researchers and professional analysts. We also report on a small user study with professional analysts to determine the important factors that they use in evaluating visual analysis systems. We also looked at guidelines developed by researchers in various domains and synthesized the results from these three efforts into an initial set for use by others in the community. One challenge for future visual analytics systems is to help in the generation of reports. In our user study, we also worked with analysts to understand the criteria they used to evaluate the quality of analytic reports. We propose that this knowledge will be useful as researchers look at systems to automate some of the report generation.1 From these two efforts, we produced some initial guidelines for evaluating visual analytics environments and for the evaluation of analytic reports. It is important to understand that these guidelines are initial drafts and are limited in scope as the visual analytics systems we evaluated were used in specific tasks. We propose these guidelines as a starting point for the Visual Analytics Community.
A Term Cluster Query Expansion Model Based on Classification Information in Natural Language Information Retrieval

A natural language information retrieval system ranks related documents according to criteria based on user query keywords and document similarities. However, many efforts have been made to make more useful query keywords because users do not use many keywords in their natural language search query when retrieving information on the Web. Because a keyword does not provide much information, however, relevance feedback is generally used to complement the weakness of general retrieval methods. This paper proposes a term cluster query expansion model based on classification information of retrieved documents. This model generates classification information from the upper ranked n documents retrieved by retrieval system. On the basis of the extracted classification information, the term cluster (m) that represents each group is generated, and then the model allows user to select term cluster that corresponds to user information needs. The query keywords are expanded by using a relevance feedback algorithm based on the selected classification information. As a result of the experiments with test collection, the retrieval effectiveness was improved by 13.2% compared to the initial query when the Rocchio method was used.
Comparison between the decrease of dopamine transporter and that of L‐DOPA uptake for detection of early to advanced stage of Parkinson's disease in animal models

Early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is important for the potential application of neuroprotective therapies. The purpose of this study was to assess the detection of the early changes of PD by either imaging the dopamine transporter (DAT) or uptake of l‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (l‐DOPA). An early to advanced stage model of PD was induced in rats by stereotaxic injection of 1–10 μg 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) into the substantia nigra pars compacta. Using adjacent sections of the same animals, the binding of [I‐125]beta‐CIT, which labels DAT and the uptake of [C‐14]l‐DOPA, were evaluated 4 weeks after induction of the lesion. Any decrease in dopaminergic neurons was evaluated by in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISH) by detection of DAT mRNA‐positive neurons. In addition, the expression levels of DAT, dopa decarboxylase (DDC), and vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) in each neuron were studied with ISH. Our results show a decrease in both [I‐125]beta‐CIT binding and [C‐14]l‐DOPA uptake in parallel with a decrease in DA neurons from early to advanced stage models of PD. The decrease in [C‐14]l‐DOPA uptake was smaller than that in [I‐125]beta‐CIT binding in the same animal (P < 0.0001). Expression levels of DAT, DDC, and VMAT2 mRNAs were also decreased with the progression of the disease. Although ISH failed to detect the origin of the discrepancy between [I‐125]beta‐CIT and [C‐14]l‐DOPA levels, it was concluded that [C‐14]l‐DOPA levels underestimated the decrease of dopaminergic neurons and that [I‐125]beta‐CIT levels more precisely reflected the decrease. Synapse 31:178–185, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mouse Models of Experimental Atherosclerosis as a Tool for Checking a Putative Anti-Atherogenic Action of Drugs

Studies concerning the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis entered a new phase at the turn of the 21st century. The 20th century was the age of cholesterol and lipoproteins, which has been concluded in a number of clinical studies carried out on a large scale, and they demonstrated unequivocally that normalization of hypercholesterolemia significantly decreased the incidence and mortality of coronary artery disease (Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group. 1998; Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). 1994) Nearly to the end of the nineties, atherosclerosis had been assumed to develop as the so-called chronic response to injury (response-to-injury hypothesis) that resulted in the loss of endothelial cells which line the inner side of the vessels (Ross & Glomset, 1976). Atherosclerosis had been considered first of all a degenerative disease (Ross et al., 1977; Ross et al. 1984; Ross, 1986). However, approximately 20 years ago, the trials started to focus to a large extent on another pathogenetic mechanism of atherosclerosis, not considered so far – the inflammatory process.
Longitudinal examination of the stability and variability of two common measures of absence

This study, conducted amongst 121 employees in two hospitals, examines sources of variability in two common measures of absence: frequency and time-lost. Time series analyses over a five-year span suggest substantial differences by month, season and year. More specifically, the analysis of variance of the frequency measure reveals significant differences between seasons and years and a significant season by year interaction. Peak frequencies are systematically recorded during the winter season, while the lowest occur in summer. These trends are less prominent with the time-lost measure, with only the seasonal differences remaining significant. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for the study and measurement of absenteeism.
Jōyō kanji as core building blocks of the Japanese writing system: Some observations from database construction

The architecture of writing systems metaphor has special relevance for understanding the structural nature of the Japanese writing system, and, more specifically, for appreciating how the 2,136 kanji of the 常用漢字表 /jō-yō-kan-ji-hyō/* ‘List of characters for general use’ function as the core building blocks in the orthographic representation of a considerable proportion of the Japanese lexicon. In seeking to illuminate the multiple layers of internal structure within Japanese kanji, the Japanese lexicon, and the Japanese writing system, the paper draws on insights and observations gained from an ongoing project to construct a large-scale Japanese lexical database system. Reflecting structural distinctions within the database, the paper consists of three main sections addressing the different structural levels of kanji components, jōyō kanji, and the lexicon. Keywords: Japanese writing system; building blocks; jōyō kanji; components; orthographic structure; database
Easing the survey burden: Quantitative assessment of low-cost signal surveys for indoor positioning

Indoor positioning through signal fingerprinting is a popular choice since it requires little or no additional infrastructure. However, the initial creation and subsequent maintenance of the signal maps remains a challenge since traditional manual surveying is not scalable. In this work we look at the use of path surveys, which attempt to construct the signal maps from a sparse set of fingerprints collected while a person walks through a space. As such, the survey points rarely provide a uniform coverage of the space of interest. We quantitatively evaluate path surveys with reference to a detailed manual survey using smartphone-grade equipment. We compare both the individual maps (generated using Gaussian Process regression) and their collective positioning performance. Our results are for both WiFi and Bluetooth Low Energy signals. We show that a path survey can provide maps of equivalent quality to a manual survey if a series of guidelines we provide are followed.
Prematuridade e muito baixo peso como fatores de risco ao desenvolvimento da criança

The aim of the present study consisted of assessing the impact of extremely pre-term low birth weight ( 2500g. Early effects of prematurity were identified through analysis of mothers verbalizations' content in 20 group support sessions during the babies' commitment on ICU. The assessment phase of school children included Raven's and Human Figure Draw Tests, Child Behavioral Scale A2 of Rutter and a questionnaire to the mothers. It was verified a high mother's preoccupation with babies' survival, evolution, mother's separa­ tion, and incompetence sense to perform their role. 49% of school age children showed average intelligence and 42% were borderline; 18% presented aural deficiency; 82% were attending regular school. There ap­ peared behavioral problems as agitation, impatience, and attachment to the mother.
Text entry from power wheelchairs: edgewrite for joysticks and touchpads

Power wheelchair joysticks have been used to control a mouse cursor on desktop computers, but they offer no integrated text entry solution, confining users to point-and-click or point-and-dwell with on-screen keyboards. But on-screen keyboards reduce useful screen real-estate, exacerbate the need for frequent window management, and impose a second focus of attention. By contrast, we present two integrated gestural text entry methods designed for use from power wheelchairs: one for joysticks and the other for touchpads. Both techniques are adaptations of EdgeWrite, originally a stylus-based unistroke method designed for people with tremor. In a preliminary study of 7 power wheelchair users, we found that touchpad EdgeWrite was faster than joystick WiVik, and joystick EdgeWrite was only slightly slower after minimal practice. These findings reflect "walk up and use"-ability and warrant further investigation into extended use.
Relationship between Macroeconomic Variables and Stock Market Indices: Cointegration Evidence from Stock Exchange of Singapore's All-S Sector Indices

The relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock market returns is, by now, well-documented in the literature. However, a void in the literature relates to examining the cointegration between macroeconomic variables and stock market's sector indices rather than the composite index. Thus in this paper we examine the long-term equilibrium relationships between selected macroeconomic variables and the Singapore stock market index (STl), as well as with various Singapore Exchange Sector indices-the finance index, the property index, and the hotel index. The study concludes that the Singapore's stock market and the property index form co integrating relationship with changes in the short and long-term interest rates, industrial production, price levels, exchange rate and money supply. Implications of the study and suggestions for future research are provided. ABSTRAK Hubungan antara pembolehubah makroekonomi dengan pulangan pasaran saham, sehing g a kini, sudah banyak dihasilkan dalam karya lepas. Bagaimanapun, masih terdapat kekosongan dalam literatur ini mengenai hubung an kointegrasi antara pembolehubah ekonomi makro dengan indeks sektoral dalam pasaran saham berbanding kajian berkatian dengan indeks komposit. Justeru itu, dalam kertas ini, kami mengkaji hubungan keseimbangan jangka panjang antara beberapa pembolehubah ekonomi makro yang terpilih, dengan indeks pasaran saham Singapura (STl) serta beberapa indeks sektoral - indeks kewangan, indeks hartanah, dan indeks perhotelan. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa pasaran saham Singapura dan indeks hartanah menunjukkan hubungan kointegrasi dengan perubahan kadar bunga jangka pendek dan jangka panjang juga dengan pengeluaran industri, paras harga, kadar tukaran mata wang dan penawaran wang. Implikasi kajian dan cadangan kajian untuk masa depan dikemukakan.
Application of mapped plots for single-owner forest surveys

estimates of quantities, such as per acre volume, within conditions of interest. If the plot is half natural pine and half plantation pine, it is clear that the combined plot data are not representative of either condition. The most important mapped plot assumption made explicit in Equation 1 is that the expected amount of y on a partial plot is proportional to a. In particular, if half the plot is in condition c, then we expect y to be half of the value for a plot fully in the condition. This is analogous to assuming that 10 ha of pine will have half the volume of 20 ha of pine. It is an assumption that is implicitly made in most forest inventories. The a value in Equation 1 comes from the colocated COND plot. The following equation states that the expected value of a is equal to the overall condition proportion:
The Development of Counterfactual Reasoning in Belief Revision

The present study examines how children revise beliefs in the face of a new piece of information that they must accept as true and under what circumstances their belief-revision processes differ from college-aged adults. Results suggest that overall, 7-year-old children (children at Stage 2 reasoning; Moshman, 1990) revise beliefs as do adults, by rejecting particular beliefs in favour of more general ones. However, only adults adjust their revision strategy as a consequence of the logical structure of the initial belief set. Adults, but not children, tend to organise their revised beliefs to be consistent with general statements more often when the set of beliefs create a Modus Tollens logic structure than when they create a Modus Ponens structure. This difference in belief revision by the two age groups reflects their sensitivity to logical structure.
Fisheries Co-Management - An Institutional Innovation. Perspectives and Challenges Ahead

Current fisheries management approaches based on centralised government intervention have proven inadequate to deal with the present management and cannot meet its objectives including reverting stock depletion, resolving user-group conflicts, increase profitability and prevent social disruption. There is no easy solution to this problem. New institutions enabling fishing communities to deal with present pressures are needed. Fisheries management is however still largely government-driven although experiences worldwide show that various forms of partnership between government, industry and fishers strengthen management and produce results. Such partnerships have become known as co-management. During the last decade the co-management concept has gained increasing acceptance among governments, development agencies and researchers as an important aspect of future fisheries management systems. It has however at the same time become increasingly evident that the co-management concept is not clearly defined and means very different things to different people. A growing number of attempts to introduce variants of co-management systems have been studied and documented and there is now a considerable body of documented experience available. This will enable a more comprehensive understanding of co-management and to summarize the experiences with both the positive outcomes and the problems in actual implementation, which have been made in recent years. This paper addresses these issues and provides evidence from a recent worldwide study on fisheries co-management that have researched case studies of various implementations of co-management arrangements in coastal and freshwater fisheries in Asia and Southern Africa.