Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Strange Case of Chimeraplasty

In 1996, Science published an article that described a radical new technology for correcting genetic defects, one that appeared to be a million-fold more potent than previous approaches were. The publication caught the media9s attention, launched research projects around the world, and spawned a gold rush as researchers and entrepreneurs moved to stake their claim to the extraordinary promise of the technology. But the technique has turned out to be inconsistent or impossible to replicate in most labs that have tried it.
Bronchodilator Responsiveness and Airflow Limitation Are Associated With Deployment Length in Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between deployment length and indices of airflow obstruction in Iraq and Afghanistan veterans with airborne hazards exposure. Methods: One hundred twenty-four post-9/11 veterans completed pulmonary function testing and questionnaires. We examined the association of airflow limitation [forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC)] and bronchodilator responsiveness (&Dgr;FEV1 and &Dgr;FVC) with deployment length, adjusting for smoking. Results: Longer deployment length was associated with lower FEV1/FVC [&bgr; = −0.19; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), −0.39 to 0.01], greater &Dgr;FEV1 (&bgr; = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.45) and &Dgr;FVC (&bgr; = 0.19; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.33). In our model adjusted for smoking history, longer deployment length remained associated with greater &Dgr;FEV1 and &Dgr;FVC (P < 0.01), but not with FEV1/FVC (P = 0.059). Conclusion: In our sample of post-9/11 veterans, longer deployment lengths were associated with significant bronchodilator responsiveness and a trend toward airflow limitation independent of tobacco use.
The Psychological Impact of Incarceration : Implications for Post-Prison Adjustment

This paper examines the unique set of psychological changes that many prisoners are forced to undergo in order to survive the prison experience. It argues that, as a result of several trends in American corrections, the personal challenges posed and psychological harms inflicted in the course of incarceration have grown over the last several decades in the United States. The trends include increasingly harsh policies and conditions of confinement as well as the much discussed de-emphasis on rehabilitation as a goal of incarceration. As a result, the ordinary adaptive process of institutionalization or “prisonization” has become extraordinarily prolonged and intense. Among other things, these recent changes in prison life mean that prisoners in general (and some prisoners in particular) face more difficult and problematic transitions as they return to the freeworld. A range of structural and programmatic changes are required to address these issues. Among other things, social and psychological programs and resources must be made available in the immediate, short, and long-term. That is, modified prison conditions and practices as well as new programs are needed as preparation for release, during transitional periods of parole or initial reintegration, and as long-term services to insure continued successful adjustment. This paper addresses the psychological impact of incarceration and its implications for post-prison freeworld adjustment. Nearly a halfcentury ago Gresham Sykes wrote that “life in the maximum security prison is depriving or frustrating in the extreme,”1 and little has changed to alter that view. Indeed, as I will suggest below, the observation applies with perhaps more force now than when Sykes first made it. Moreover, prolonged adaptation to the deprivations and frustrations of life inside prison—what are commonly referred to as the “pains of imprisonment”—carries a certain psychological cost. In this brief paper I will explore some of those costs, examine their implications for postprison adjustment in the world beyond prison, and suggest some programmatic and policyoriented approaches to minimizing their potential to undermine or disrupt the transition from
The strategic influence of structural manufacturing decisions

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the implementation of certain structural manufacturing decisions and the importance that is attached to certain competitive priorities in the firm's business strategy. The paper seeks to analyse the role these decisions play in the creation of a firm's competitive advantage, and aims to provide evidence of which decisions provide the firm with strategically relevant production capabilities.Design/methodology/approach – The hypotheses were tested using data collected from business units in the metal industry in Spain, by means of a postal survey. A total of 188 completed questionnaires were obtained and a structural equations analysis was conducted on the results.Findings – This study has provided evidence for the strategic importance of structural decisions in the production area. The findings of this research suggest that the implementation of certain decisions can originate capabilities on which a competitive advantage can be bas.
Vertical Control and Price Versus Nonprice Competition

This paper considers a manufacturer distributing a product through retailers who compete in price and service, which reduces the time it takes to purchase a good. The mix of these instruments that maximizes collective profit is determined by the tastes of consumers on the "product margin," whereas decentralized retailers consider as well the tastes of consumers on the interretailer margins. Given search or travel costs, consumers with low time costs are overrepresented on the interretailer margins. In considering customers on the wrong margin, retailers are therefore biased toward price competition. This distortion that can be corrected with vertical restraints.
Trans Fat Survey and Its Implication on the Findings and Recommendations of the Pennsylvania Trans Fat Task Force

As evidence regarding the negative health implications of trans fats continues to mount, some states and municipalities have begun enacting legislation to ban or severely curtail their use. Before enacting similar legislation in Pennsylvania in 2007, the Commonwealth created the Pennsylvania Trans Fat Task Force—a panel of government officials; food manufacturing; foodservice and restaurant industry representatives; academic researchers; health advocates; and public education officials—to research the health effects of trans fats and recommend appropriate courses of legislative/policy actions. During the Task Force's first meeting, it decided that education, not legislation, was the route that Pennsylvania needed to follow. After making that decision, the Task Force decided to conduct a survey to assess Pennsylvania citizens' knowledge of trans fat and determine the content/scope of educational materials to be created. This article discusses the methodology/findings of that survey and the subsequent recommendations spawned from those findings.
Preparing for the next crisis: what can organizations do to prepare managers for an uncertain future?

Purpose – Executives are poorly prepared for the next crisis. In order to be able to lead organizations through crises, executives need to have knowledge about the structures and processes they introduce with the goal of maintaining the organization's capacity for action.Design/methodology/approach – The argument is based on the author's personal experience as consultants and experts for leadership development. Organizations are oftentimes too slow or too quick to implement measures. The adopted measures do not have long‐term effects. Many measures are inexpertly implemented, leading to a long‐term loss of employee trust. Executives do not measure up to their role's modified demands. Dedicated executives leave the organization or are on burnout‐induced sick leave.Findings – Executives act within their professional role and not as individuals as a whole. A group of executives who are resilient as individuals does not yet make for a resilient executive team. The executive team's resilience depends on the co.
Axiomatic Characterizations of Rational Choice in Strategic Environme nts

For more than forty years, economists have wrestled with the elusive notion of "rational" behavior in strategic environments, generating a variety of competing approaches. Even for simple, simultaneous move games, four distinct solution concepts, including the notions of Nash equilibria, correlated equilibria, rationalizability, and iterated dominance, currently have some standing as theories of strategic rationality. Here, I propose four axioms for rational choice in strategic environments, and use these to characterize the sets of pure strategies that players may select under each of the solution concepts mentioned above. My results underscore both the similarities and differences between the four concepts.
Regulation of lateral root formation by auxin signaling in Arabidopsis

In higher plants, lateral root (LR) formation is a major contributor to root architecture in the soil. Although it is well known that auxin promotes LR formation, the molecular mechanisms that regulate auxin-mediated LR formation are still largely unknown. Recent molecular genetic studies using Arabidopsis mutants have shown that normal auxin signaling mediated by two families of transcriptional regulators, Aux/IAAs (Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid; repressors of auxin-responsive transcription) and ARFs (Auxin Response Factor; activators or repressors of auxin-responsive transcription), is necessary for LR formation. Auxin-responsive transcription mediated by SLR/IAA14 and ARF7/ARF19 in the root pericycle is particularly important for LR initiation. This review summarizes what is known about the auxin signaling that regulates LR formation in Arabidopsis, and discusses the role of Aux/IAAs and ARFs for LR initiation and subsequent primordial development.
Learning Transferable Subspace for Human Motion Segmentation

Temporal data clustering is a challenging task. Existing methods usually explore data self-representation strategy, which may hinder the clustering performance in insufficient or corrupted data scenarios. In real-world applications, we are easily accessible to a large amount of related labeled data. To this end, we propose a novel transferable subspace clustering approach by exploring useful information from relevant source data to enhance clustering performance in target temporal data. We manage to transform the original data into a shared low-dimensional and distinctive feature space by jointly seeking an effective domain-invariant projection. In this way, the well-labeled source knowledge can help obtain a more discriminative target representation. Moreover, a graph regularizer is designed to incorporate temporal information to preserve more sequence knowledge into the learned representation. Extensive experiments based on three human motion datasets illustrate that our approach is able to outperform state-of-the-art temporal data clustering methods.
A Simulation of Pell Grant Awards and Costs Using Prior-Prior Year Financial Data

We examine the likely implications of switching from a prior year (PY) financial aid system, the current practice in which students file the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) using income data from the previous tax year, to prior-prior year (PPY), in which data from two years before enrollment is used. While PPY allows students to gain information about the cost of college earlier, financial aid awards could be less targeted if annual household income fluctuates dramatically. We study this question using data from more than 70,000 students at nine institutions over a five-year period spanning the Great Recession. We find that 60%–70% of students do not see any changes to their Pell awards under PPY in this case study, and the neediest students rarely see large changes. About 7%–15% of students see large declines in their Pell awards under PPY, and the effects vary by institutional and student characteristics. Our simulation of the potential costs of switching to PPY results in an estimated increase in Pell program costs of four percentage points.
Simulation results for an interference-limited multiple input multiple output cellular system

We describe a simulation study of a cellular system using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna techniques along with adaptive modulation and aggressive frequency reuse. We show, for the case of 3 transmit and 3 receive antennas, how much MIMO systems outperform systems with receive-diversity-only when noise dominates. When co-channel interference from surrounding cells dominates, the differences shrink, as do the absolute numbers. We quantify these reductions for the specific cases studied, and discuss further areas of research.
Towards the self-powered Internet of Things (IoT) by energy harvesting: Trends and technologies for green IoT

IoT is hypothetically to be deployed everywhere and to be accessed anywhere at any time, such a remarkable contribution towards the reliable solutions for ease of customers on the go. This emerging technology has a major obstacle which is creating hurdle for technological advancement for upcoming years. The limited life span of rechargeable batteries for IoT devices and applications made this ubiquitous technology on the verge of inadequate battery power. The only viable solution for prolonging battery life of huge interconnected network of devices is to harvest ambient energy sources from surroundings. This paper emphases on brief overview regarding harvesting technologies to power up the IoT devices, the related approach regarding design considerations of an IoT module and the power management as the key component inside any energy harvesting based IoT system.
Amniotic membrane allografts: development and clinical utility in ophthalmology

Amniotic membrane, the innermost layer of the placenta, is a tissue that promotes epithelialization, while decreasing inflammation, neovascularization, and scarring. It is used in the surgical management of a wide variety of ophthalmic conditions where it functions as a graft or patch in ocular surface reconstruction. The development of new preservation techniques, as well as a sutureless amniotic membrane, has allowed for easier, in-office placement, without the disadvantages of an operating room procedure. The purpose of this review is to describe the historical development of amniotic membrane in ophthalmology and to describe its current clinical applications, particularly focusing on recent advances.
Programming with a Parametrized Parallel Programming Model

We present a new experimental framework, the F-PRAM model, for modeling and studying the effects of different properties of parallel machines. The goal of the new model is to provide programmer-level facilities for more accurate and portable computation-communication balancing. As a computation model, F-PRAM provides shared memory but guides the usage of the shared memory by a set of parameters. In comparison with the BSP model, we provide more asynchronous execution and model the costs and delays induced by communication bandwidth restrictions, communication latency, overhead, and synchronization independently of each other. We have written a high level language compiler and a parametrized emulator to measure the effects of different properties of parallel machines on different parallel algorithms.
Numerical Simulation of Inertial Navigation Technology and Arbitrary Path Generator

To test the hardware or software of a strap-down inertial navigation system, or conduct a related simulation study, the flight trajectory data and the output parameters of gyroscope and accelerometer should be known in advance. And in practice a set of discrete data is often used to represent flight trajectory information. Therefore this paper proposes a new method that can produce discrete trajectory of any path, so that we can quickly generate required simulation trajectories according to the actual task requirements. This paper also optimizes the inertial device simulation model, presents a co-simulation idea of the trajectory generator and inertial navigation system. And this paper gives the simulation results of the whole system. By analyzing the simulation results, we can verify the correctness and feasibility of the method described above and the overall design of the simulation system.
Structural analysis of retinal photoreceptor ellipsoid zone and postreceptor retinal layer associated with visual acuity in patients with retinitis pigmentosa by ganglion cell analysis combined with OCT imaging

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine changes in photoreceptor ellipsoid zone (EZ) and postreceptor retinal layer in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients by ganglion cell analysis (GCA) combined with optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging to evaluate the structure–function relationships between retinal layer changes and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Sixty-eight eyes of 35 patients with RP and 65 eyes of 35 normal controls were analyzed in the study. The average length of EZ was 911.1 ± 208.8 &mgr;m in RP patients, which was shortened with the progression of the disease on the OCT images. The average ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPLT) was 54.7 ± 18.9 &mgr;m in RP patients, while in normal controls it was 85.6 ± 6.8 &mgr;m. The GCIPLT in all quarters became significantly thinner along with outer retinal thinning. There was a significantly positive correlation between BCVA and EZ (r = −0.7622, P < 0.001) and GCIPLT (r = −0.452, P < 0.001). Therefore, we assess the retinal layer changes from a new perspective in RP patients, which suggests that EZ and GCIPLT obtained by GCA combined with OCT imaging are the direct and valid indicators to diagnosis and predict the pathological process of RP.
Lack of relationships between FGF19 staining pattern, lymph node metastasis and locally invasive characteristics of the tumor in colorectal cancers.

INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancers are in the top of the cancer-related causes of death in the world and lymph node metastasis is accepted as the primary prognostic factor. In this study, correlations of FGF19 staining pattern with local invasion and lymph node metastasis in a series of colorectal cancers were investigated. METHODS This studyincluded 81 colorectal cancer patients who underwent surgery in our hospital with no evidence of preoperative radiological distant metastasis. Routine pathological examination of the resection material was performed in order to identify vascular, perineural and serosal infiltration, regional lymph node metastasis and the degree of differentiation. Tumor tissue samples were stained with an immunohistochemistry method for FGF 19 evaluation and the staining pattern was statistically compared with the above mentioned characteristics of the tumors. RESULTS The patient population consisted of 47 females and 34 males with a median age of 70 years. In 40 patients regional lymph nodes were positive and 51%, 32% and 38% had serosal, perineural and vascular invasion. While 64 cases were moderately-differentiated, 11 cases were well-differentiated and 6 poorly- differentiated, there was no association with FGF 19 staining, including intensity. CONCLUSION No evidence of significant statistically correlation was found between FGF 19 staining pattern and serosal, perineural, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement and degree of differentiation.
Adding a test for human papillomavirus DNA to cervical-cancer screening.

It is now clear that virtually all squamous-cell cervical carcinomas contain one of 18 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA, as shown definitively in the article by Munoz et al. in this issue of the Journal (pages 518–527). Although the observation that HPV DNA is routinely detected in cervical cancers is not proof that it has a causal role, the relative risk of cervical cancer associated with high-risk types of HPV is even higher than the risk of lung cancer associated with smoking. Several oncogenes have been identified in high-risk (oncogenic) types of HPV, and the biologic mechanisms of malignant .
Good vibrations: Global processing can increase the pleasantness of touch

Visual–tactile carry-over effects of global/local processing (attention to the whole, versus the details) have been reported under active touch conditions. We investigated whether carry-over effects of global/local processing also occur for passive touch and whether global/local processing has differential effects on affective and discriminative aspects of touch. Participants completed two tactile tasks involving pleasantness rating and discrimination of a set of tactile vibrations before and after completing a version of the Navon task that encouraged a focus on the global (n = 30), local (n = 30), or both (n = 30) features of a series of visual stimuli. In line with previous research suggesting a link between global processing and positive emotion, global processing increased pleasantness ratings of high-frequency (but not low-frequency) tactile vibrations. Local processing did not improve the ability to discriminate between vibrations of different frequencies, however. There was some evidence of a tactile–visual carry-over effect; prior local processing of tactile vibrations reduced global precedence during the Navon task in the control group. We have shown carry-over effects of global versus local processing on passive touch perception. These findings provide further evidence suggesting that a common perceptual mechanism determines processing level across modalities and show for the first time that prior global processing affects the pleasantness of touch.
An econometric investigation of capital flight

This paper seeks to give a comprehensive empirical survey of private capital flight from developing countries. First, three alternative calcualtions of net private capital outflows are presented for 22 developing countries during 1978–85. It turns out that several of these countries had experienced major capital flight. Second, using an economtric model which combines time series and cross-section data, a portfolio model is estimated in order to find some of the reasons for capital flight. Third, on quarterly time series capital flight from Mexico is determined in a time jseries model. This analysis gives further insight into the causes of capital flight. The overall result from both studies is that changes in the expected relative rate of return on assets between the foreign and domestic market are a major cause of capital flight.
US–China external imbalance and the global financial crisis 1

This paper advances an alternative explanation of the large external imbalance between the United States and China, and its linkages to the current global financial crisis. We show that US current account deficits dated back long before the emergence of China's recent large trade surpluses, with China accounting at its peak for at most one-third of this deficit. The relative rise in China's savings in recent years can be attributed to an increase in its corporate savings, a trend that reflects distortions arising from the transition process from a planned to a market economy. These distortions exacerbate China's income inequality, causing domestic consumption to remain a small share of GDP. Large recent current account deficits in the United States, on the other hand, can be attributed to public sector disserving and perverse incentives generated by housing and equity bubbles, made possible by loose monetary policy and by “innovative” financial derivatives arising from the financial deregulation in the early 1980s. The paper shows that short-run measures are unlikely to fully address these external imbalances. Both countries require long-run, structural measures to resolve the underlying problems and to restore a sustainable foundation for growth.