Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depletion of p31comet Protein Promotes Sensitivity to Antimitotic Drugs*

Background: Slippage promotes premature mitotic exit during mitotic block. Results: Expression of p31comet regulates mitotic slippage and sensitivity to spindle poisons. Conclusion: Inactivation of p31comet delays mitotic slippage and increases cytotoxicity of spindle poisons. Significance: p31comet can be a target for antimitotic therapies. Antimitotic spindle poisons are among the most important chemotherapeutic agents available. However, precocious mitotic exit by mitotic slippage limits the cytotoxicity of spindle poisons. The MAD2-binding protein p31comet is implicated in silencing the spindle assembly checkpoint after all kinetochores are attached to spindles. In this study, we report that the levels of p31comet and MAD2 in different cell lines are closely linked with susceptibility to mitotic slippage. Down-regulation of p31comet increased the sensitivity of multiple cancer cell lines to spindle poisons, including nocodazole, vincristine, and Taxol. In the absence of p31comet, lower concentrations of spindle poisons were required to induce mitotic block. The delay in checkpoint silencing was induced by an accumulation of mitotic checkpoint complexes. The increase in the duration of mitotic block after p31comet depletion resulted in a dramatic increase in mitotic cell death upon challenge with spindle poisons. Significantly, cells that are normally prone to mitotic slippage and resistant to spindle disruption-mediated mitotic death were also sensitized after p31comet depletion. These results highlight the importance of p31comet in checkpoint silencing and its potential as a target for antimitotic therapies.
Probabilistic Computation in Spiking Populations

As animals interact with their environments, they must constantly update estimates about their states. Bayesian models combine prior probabilities, a dynamical model and sensory evidence to update estimates optimally. These models are consistent with the results of many diverse psychophysical studies. However, little is known about the neural representation and manipulation of such Bayesian information, particularly in populations of spiking neurons. We consider this issue, suggesting a model based on standard neural architecture and activations. We illustrate the approach on a simple random walk example, and apply it to a sensorimotor integration task that provides a particularly compelling example of dynamic probabilistic computation.
Anthropometric indices: predictors of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents from north of Brazil.

INTRODUCTION Atherosclerosis represents a disease that begins in childhood, and alterations in lipid concentration play a fundamental role in the development of this condition. OBJECTIVE To evaluate which of the currently applied obesity parameters (the body index mass, the percentage of body fat, the waist circumference and the upper arm fat area) can predict the risk for dyslipidemia in Brazilian children and adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional study, standardized anthropometric data and lipid profile were collected from 874 subjects between the ages of 6 and 19 years. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the degree of association between the anthropometric measurements and the lipid profile, controlling for potentially confounding variables, such as age and gender. RESULTS Individuals with excess body weight, elevated percentage of body fat, waist circumference and upper arm fat above the 90th percentile showed a positive correlation with alterations in the lipid profile. After adjusting for age and income, a body mass index above the 85th percentile and an elevated percentage of body fat were the variables most strongly associated with dyslipidemia in the youngest subjects (odds ratio (OR) = 2.00, p < 0.001 and OR = 1.47, p = 0.014, respectively). Children (64.5%) and adolescents aged 10-12 years (51.0%) had the highest rates of dyslipidemia. CONCLUSION Compared with other variables, such as the percentage of body fat, the body mass index was the best predictor of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents.
Frailty, hospital volume, and failure to rescue after head and neck cancer surgery

We previously reported that high‐volume hospital head and neck cancer (HNCA) surgical care is associated with decreased mortality, largely explained by reduced rates of failure to rescue. Frailty is an independent predictor of mortality, but is significantly less likely in patients receiving high‐volume care. We investigate whether differences in frailty rates explain the relationship between volume and outcomes in HNCA patients and whether frailty confounds the relationship between failure to rescue and mortality.
A Fast (2, 2^m)-Threshold Secret Sharing Scheme Using m Linearly Independent Binary Vectors

Fast (k, n)-threshold secret sharing schemes with exclusive-OR operations have proposed by Kurihara et al. and Fujii et al. independently. Their method are ideal that share size is equal to the size of the data to be distributed with the benefits that can be handled very fast for using only XOR operation at distribution and restoration processes. In these cases for the number of shares n, target data must be equally divided into individual np-1 pieces where np is a prime more than n.The existing methods described above are configured using the cyclic matrices with prime order. On the other hand, a new method in WAIS2013 have proposed, this leads to general constructions of (2, p + 1)-threshold secret sharing schemes.In this paper, we use m-dimensional vector spaces over Z2 on having bases that meet certain conditions in order to construct proposed methods. This paper defines a new notion "2-propagation bases set" as a bases set to be used in the configuration. In order to guarantee the existence of (2; 2m)- threshold secret sharing schemes, we also treat the presence of the m-dimensional bases.
Biomarkers in mood disorders research: developing new and improved therapeutics.

BACKGROUND Recently, surrogate neurobiological biomarkers that correlate with target engagement and therapeutic response have been developed and tested in early phase studies of mood disorders. OBJECTIVE The identification of biomarkers could help develop personalized psychiatric treatments that may impact public health. METHODS These biomarkers, which are associated with clinical response post-treatment, can be directly validated using multimodal approaches including genetic tools, proteomics/metabolomics, peripheral measures, neuroimaging, biostatistical predictors, and clinical predictors. RESULTS To date, early phase biomarker studies have sought to identify measures that can serve as "biosignatures", or biological patterns of clinical response. These studies have also sought to identify clinical predictors and surrogate outcomes associated with pathophysiological domains consistently described in the National Institute of Mental Health's (NIMH) new Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). Using the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist ketamine as an example, we identified changes in several domains (clinical, cognitive, and neurophysiological) that predicted ketamine's rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in individuals with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar depression. DISCUSSION These approaches may ultimately provide clues into the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders and may have enormous impact Backon the development of novel therapeutics.
Health & Demographic Surveillance System Profile: The Ifakara Rural and Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Ifakara HDSS).

The Ifakara Rural HDSS (125,000 people) was set up in 1996 for a trial of the effectiveness of social marketing of bed nets on morbidity and mortality of children aged under 5 years, whereas the Ifakara Urban HDSS (45,000 people) since 2007 has provided demographic indicators for a typical small urban centre setting. Jointly they form the Ifakara HDSS (IHDSS), located in the Kilombero valley in south-east Tanzania. Socio-demographic data are collected twice a year. Current malaria work focuses on phase IV studies for antimalarials and on determinants of fine-scale variation of pathogen transmission risk, to inform malaria elimination strategies. The IHDSS is also used to describe the epidemiology and health system aspects of maternal, neonatal and child health and for intervention trials at individual and health systems levels. More recently, IHDSS researchers have studied epidemiology, health-seeking and national programme effectiveness for chronic health problems of adults and older people, including for HIV, tuberculosis and non-communicable diseases. A focus on understanding vulnerability and designing methods to enhance equity in access to services are cross-cutting themes in our work. Unrestricted access to core IHDSS data is in preparation, through INDEPTH iSHARE [www.indepth-ishare.org] and the IHI data portal [http://data.ihi. or.tz/index.php/catalog/central].
An Analysis of Development of Sociomathematical Norms in One First-Grade Classroom

The analysis reported in this paper contributes to the effort to understand how mathematics teachers might proactively support their students' mathematical learning by documenting one first-grade teacher's role in guiding the development of sociomathematical norms in her classroom. We highlight the learning opportunities that arose for both the teacher and her students during this process. The analysis therefore serves to clarify what teachers might actually do to support the emergence of the type of mathematical disposition advocated in reform documents. In addition, the analysis describes the decision-making processes that were involved in setting the teacher's agenda. This aspect of the paper focuses on the teacher's interactions as part of a research team whose dual focus was to support both the students' mathematical learning and their development of mathematical autonomy. The analysis was informed by and builds on Yackel and Cobb's (1996) discussion of sociomathematical norms.
On Guidance and Volatility

In contrast to theoretical and empirical evidence linking disclosure to information environment benefits, recent research concludes that guidance increases volatility, but leaves open the question of whether volatility plays a role in prompting the issuance of guidance. Consistent with the notion that managers react to rising volatility by providing guidance, we document a link between abnormal run-ups in volatility and the decision to issue a forecast after controlling for the market’s ability to anticipate the guidance. Upon disentangling pre-guidance volatility changes from post-guidance volatility changes, we find no evidence that guidance increases volatility. Indeed, our evidence consistently supports the view that managers seek to and do mitigate share price volatility with guidance.
In Vitro and In Vivo Plant Growth Promoting Activities and DNA Fingerprinting of Antagonistic Endophytic Actinomycetes Associates with Medicinal Plants

Endophytic actinomycetes have shown unique plant growth promoting as well as antagonistic activity against fungal phytopathogens. In the present study forty-two endophytic actinomycetes recovered from medicinal plants were evaluated for their antagonistic potential and plant growth-promoting abilities. Twenty-two isolates which showed the inhibitory activity against at least one pathogen were subsequently tested for their plant-growth promoting activities and were compared genotypically using DNA based fingerprinting, including enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) and BOX repetitive elements. Genetic relatedness based on both ERIC and BOX-PCR generates specific patterns corresponding to particular genotypes. Exponentially grown antagonistic isolates were used to evaluate phosphate solubilization, siderophores, HCN, ammonia, chitinase, indole-3-acetic acid production, as well as antifungal activities. Out of 22 isolates, the amount of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) ranging between 10–32 μg/ml was produced by 20 isolates and all isolates were positive for ammonia production ranging between 5.2 to 54 mg/ml. Among 22 isolates tested, the amount of hydroxamate-type siderophores were produced by 16 isolates ranging between 5.2 to 36.4 μg/ml, while catechols-type siderophores produced by 5 isolates ranging from 3.2 to 5.4 μg/ml. Fourteen isolates showed the solubilisation of inorganic phosphorous ranging from 3.2 to 32.6 mg/100ml. Chitinase and HCN production was shown by 19 and 15 different isolates, respectively. In addition, genes of indole acetic acid (iaaM) and chitinase (chiC) were successively amplified from 20 and 19 isolates respectively. The two potential strains Streptomyces sp. (BPSAC34) and Leifsonia xyli (BPSAC24) were tested in vivo and improved a range of growth parameters in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) under greenhouse conditions. This study is the first published report that actinomycetes can be isolated as endophytes from within these plants and were shown to have antagonistic and plant growth promoting abilities. These results clearly suggest the possibility of using endophytic actinomycetes as bioinoculant for plant growth promotion, nutrient mobilization or as biocontrol agent against fungal phytopathogens for sustainable agriculture.
VEGF: Potential therapy for renal regeneration

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a central role in angiogenesis. A number of studies have focused on its role in health and disease and discussed the possibility of VEGF as both a therapeutic tool and target based on its specific actions on vascular proliferation and cell survival. On one side, anti-VEGF therapies are at the fore-front of treatment of many solid tumors, but blockade of VEGF carries collateral effects such as hypertension and renal damage largely due to abnormalities in the microvasculature. On the other hand, recent clinical and experimental evidence has shown the feasibility of using VEGF administration to protect ischemic tissues such as the myocardium or the kidney via stimulation of microvascular proliferation and repair. In this commentary, we discuss the possibility and potential mechanisms of using intra-renal administration of VEGF to preserve the renal microcirculation and, consequently, decrease progressive renal injury in chronic renovascular disease. Targeted administration of VEGF may constitute a novel stand-alone or co-adjuvant intervention with the potential to become a part of a comprehensive plan to protect renal function.
From barcodes to genomes: extending the concept of DNA barcoding

DNA barcoding has had a major impact on biodiversity science. The elegant simplicity of establishing massive scale databases for a few barcode loci is continuing to change our understanding of species diversity patterns, and continues to enhance human abilities to distinguish among species. Capitalizing on the developments of next generation sequencing technologies and decreasing costs of genome sequencing, there is now the opportunity for the DNA barcoding concept to be extended to new kinds of genomic data. We illustrate the benefits and capacity to do this, and also note the constraints and barriers to overcome before it is truly scalable. We advocate a twin track approach: (i) continuation and acceleration of global efforts to build the DNA barcode reference library of life on earth using standard DNA barcodes and (ii) active development and application of extended DNA barcodes using genome skimming to augment the standard barcoding approach.
Developmental Differences in the Accumbal Dopaminergic Response to Repeated Ethanol Exposure

Abstract: Recent research indicates that alcohol use/abuse is often initiated during the adolescent period and that brain reinforcement pathways (e.g., the mesolimbic dopamine [DA] pathway) are undergoing developmental transition. Our research focuses on the effects of ethanol administration on neural mechanisms associated with addiction in preadolescent (postnatal day [PND] 25), adolescent (PND 35, PND 45), and young adult (PND 60) animals. Using conditioned place preference (CPP) testing, we have shown that adolescent animals are unique in their responses to ethanol. Since CPP has been associated with contextually conditioned incentive motivation, our results suggest that younger animals may be more vulnerable to addiction. The present data reveal that adolescent animals are neurochemically distinct in response to ethanol's effects. Using in vivo microdialysis within the nucleus accumbens septi (NAcc), we have determined the DAergic response across development. Results reveal that basal levels of DA transition during the adolescent period and differ from preadolescent or adult animals. Specifically, PND 45 animals exhibited significantly higher, and PND 25 significantly lower, basal DA levels than all other ages examined. Further, repeated exposure to ethanol elevated basal DA levels significantly regardless of age or dose. Basal 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)/DA ratio also differed as a function of age, with PND 35 and PND 60 animals demonstrating the highest ratios, and PND 45 animals producing the lowest baseline levels. Repeated ethanol exposure produced significant changes in basal ratios as a function of age. Interestingly, PND 45 animals exhibited no change in ratios with repeated exposure, while all other ages demonstrated a dose‐dependent rise in DOPAC/DA ratios. These data indicate an age‐dependent difference in the homeostatic alterations of mesolimbic systems in response to repeated ethanol treatment, an effect that may manifest itself as differences in behavioral responsivity and conditionability to the drug and the drug's effects.
Effect of Exertional Trend during Cycle Ergometry on Postexercise Affect

The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommends including both a warm-up and cooldown period with all aerobic training sessions (ACSM, 2000). Specifically, contemporary recommendations include 10-20 min for warm up and 5-10 min for cooldown activities.Warm-up periods facilitate the transition from rest to exercise, while cool down facilitates transition from exercise to rest to ease the strain ofexercise on heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen delivery to working musculature. Both warm up and cool-down recommendations include a progressive cardiovascular component combined with calisthenics and stretching. Potential physiological benefits of warm-up activities include exercise safetyand physical performance (Barnard, Gardner, Diaco, MaCalpin, & Kattus, 1973;Sarran, Seaber, & Garrett, 1989). However, these long-standing beliefs about the value ofwarm-up activitieshave been questioned (Chesler, Michielli, Aron, & Stein, 1997), and more research isneeded to resolve this issue. Documented physical performance benefits include body temperature elevation associated with improved exercise metabolism (Chwalbinska-Moneta & Hanninen, 1989). Likewise, a cool-downperiod is associated with a reduced risk of postexercise thermoregulatory and cardiovascular com-
Transfusion as an Inflammation Hit: Knowns and Unknowns

Transfusion of blood cell components is frequent in the therapeutic arsenal; it is globally safe or even very safe. At present, residual clinical manifestations are principally inflammatory in nature. If some rare clinical hazards manifest as acute inflammation symptoms of various origin, most of them linked with conflicting and undesirable biological material accompanying the therapeutic component (infectious pathogen, pathogenic antibody, unwanted antigen, or allergen), the general feature is subtler and less visible, and essentially consists of alloimmunization or febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction. The present essay aims to present updates in hematology and immunology that help understand how, when, and why subclinical inflammation underlies alloimmunization and circumstances characteristic of red blood cells and – even more frequently – platelets that contribute inflammatory mediators. Modern transfusion medicine makes sustained efforts to limit such inflammatory hazards; efforts can be successful only if one has a clear view of each element’s role.
Automatic Annotation of Timbre Variation for Musical Instruments

This paper proposes a preprocessing technique for the automatic transcription of performances produced by a musical instrument (or other sound source) capable of timbre variations. Voice recognition techniques will be exploited to gather information about timbre, then a clustering approach will be used to reduce data cardinality, and, finally, data dimensionality will be further reduced using multi-dimensional scaling to create labels as points in a data-driven timbre-space. A graphical visualization of the achieved results will be implemented in order to verify the achievement of the initial requirements. A MATLAB toolkit performing the operations described in this paper is publicly available to test the e↵ectiveness of the proposed approach.
The Growth of Archaeology in the West Coast and the Great Basin, 1935-60

Abstract Archaeological research in the Far West of North America is reviewed in terms of the contributions to methodology and theory. The generally simple level of culture in an area in which functioning native cultures survived until recent times has led to the perfection of analytical techniques for non-ceramic evidence, the development of ingenuity in deriving conclusions, and a considerable use of the direct-historical approach. New methodological approaches have been developed in analysis of physical components of sites, determination of food resources, estimation of population density, establishment of functional typologies, testing of the value of chemical and other changes for chronological control, and experimentation with statistical techniques of seriation. Theoretical trends include a lack of culture classification systems comparable to those in other North American areas, a dependence on classificatory units on the level of the complex or assemblage, and a tendency toward the development of a classificatory system based on an ecological framework.
Which hypoglycaemic agents to use in type 2 diabetic subjects with CKD and how?

would obviously be of paramount importance. In the study by Liu et al. [9], hypovolaemia was identified in only 20% of patients, but identifying hypovolaemia retrospectively is difficult so this number may not be accurate. In the clinical situation, assessing ongoing fluid needs and responsiveness is complex as physicians balance the risks of fluid overload with those of hypovolaemia. Second, should vasopressors be used to restore baseline blood pressure or limit the risks of hypotension? This is a controversial area but there is no good evidence that liberal use of vasopressors decreases the incidence of acute renal failure. Finally, what level of arterial pressure should be chosen as the target? Finding one value that could be applicable to all patients would be difficult, perhaps such a value should be related to the patient’s own baseline blood pressure value which may be unknown. Clearly, even if relative hypotension does participate in the development of acute renal failure, focusing primarily on arterial blood pressure as a target may be rather limited. Rather than providing a new goal, these observations by Liu et al. [9] are more a message supporting the importance of early, rapid and complete resuscitation in all patients.
Reliability of the lung‐to‐head ratio in predicting outcome and neonatal ventilation parameters in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia

The ratio of the lung area (on the contralateral side of the hernia) to the head circumference, the lung‐to‐head ratio (LHR), has been proposed as a reliable tool in the assessment of the prognosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). An LHR < 0.6 has been associated with poor outcome whereas one > 1.4 has been associated with survival. We aimed to analyze the role of LHR in predicting fetal outcome and ventilation parameters in cases of isolated CDH in our center.