Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Married to the firm? A large‐scale investigation of the social context of ownership

Research summary: Using a large sample of private firms across Europe, we examine how the social context of owners affects firm strategy and performance. Drawing on embeddedness theory and the institutional logics perspective, we argue that embeddedness in a family, in particular the nuclear family, can strengthen identification and commitment to the firm, but can also induce owners to behave more conservatively. Consistent with this argument, we find that family-owned firms have higher profit margins, returns on assets, and survival rates compared to single-owner or unrelated-owners' firms, but also invest and grow more slowly, hold greater reserves of cash, and rely less on external debt. These differences are most pronounced when the two largest shareholders are married. Our results highlight the key role of marital ties in explaining differences in behavior and performance among firms. Managerial summary: Despite the prevalence of the married-couple ownership structure in firms, little research has been dedicated to understanding how these firms are managed and perform. We examine the behavior and performance of firms owned by married couples in a large panel of closely held Western European firms. We find that married-owner family firms are managed more conservatively relative to firms with unrelated owners and even to other family-owned firms. In particular, married-owner family firms invest and grow more slowly and rely less on external finance. However, they also exhibit greater performance stability and higher profitability. Our findings suggest that social relationships among owners have a large impact on firm strategy and performance, and highlight some potential trade-offs to performance when married couples control firms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hybrid approach to operating system discovery based on diagnosis theory

Motivated by the increasing importance of knowing which operating systems are running in a given network, we evaluated operating system discovery (OSD) tools. The results indicated a serious lack of accuracy in current OSD tools. This thesis proposes a new approach to OS discovery which addresses the limitations of existing tools and leads to a more flexible, less intrusive, and much more accurate tool. Moreover, unlike existing OSD tools which are completely ad hoc, our approach is formal and follows the principles of diagnosis problem solving. This formalism allows us to: (a) characterize the complexity of OSD; (b) use well-tested algorithms and (c) benefit from numerous possible extensions. To fully address the needs of OSD, we generalize the theory of diagnosis with a query-based extension. This extension leads to a spectrum of test selection algorithms to solve each query.
Automatic synchronization of music data in score-, MIDI- and PCM-format

Onset detection: •Track changes of signal’s frequency contents over time using novelty curves. •Refine time-resolution of resulting estimated onset positions using linear prediction (following Foster et al. (1982)). Pitch extraction: • Subband analysis using tree-structured multirate filterbank adapted to musical scale (at most one note per subband) following Bobrek et al. (1998). • Establish note positions in subbands using detected onset positions. • Estimate pitches using template-matching.
Factors controlling embryo viability

Many diverse factors affect embryo viability. The morphological measures routinely used to grade human embryos are of limited use as many of the factors influencing the long-term viability of embryos are genetic or molecular and are undetectable or inconclusive from visualization of living embryos by microscopy. This article presents examples of factors that are known to affect embryo viability, including gamete formation, embryonic genome activation, and imprinting. Aspects of both gamete and embryo development are addressed, and the possibility that various anomalies remain hidden for extended periods before impacting upon a later aspect of development is hypothesized. In future, more detailed and informative assessments of embryo viability before embryo transfer may require invasive approaches to study the composition of embryos at various stages of preimplantation development; however, indirect, non-invasive measures would be preferable.
Application of bone morphogenetic proteins in orthopaedic practice: their efficacy and side effects

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been extensively studied since the discovery of agents within bone that could induce bone formation at ectopic sites by Urist in the 1960s. Extensive preclinical research has been carried out showing the efficacy of these products in promoting bone healing. Clinical trials are encouraging, with meta-analysis of results revealing better rates of healing than treatment with autologous bone grafting (risk ratio [RR]: 0.845; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.772 – 0.924; p < 0.001 for clinical outcome and RR: 0.884; 95% CI: 0.825 – 0.948; p < 0.001 for radiological outcome). Preclinical and clinical safety assessments have revealed little evidence of toxic effects and there have been few reports of adverse events related to their use. A small rate of immunological reaction following administration, resulting in antibody formation, has been observed in some patients, without clinical consequence, although the long-term implications of this are unknown. Ongoing research is revealing that BMPs act on an extremely wide range of body tissues in a variety of manners and this is far from fully understood. It should be noted, however, that given the role of BMP as a differentiation factor, the production of undifferentiated neoplastic tissue seems unlikely. It has also been shown in an animal model that artificially administered BMP can cross the placenta and subsequently be detected in the growing embryo. As this area has been little investigated, use in pregnancy is currently contraindicated. Until the long-term safety profile is more fully documented it would seem sensible to continue to carefully control use and monitor patients closely. However, the current evidence is very promising.
Distributed Reception with Spatial Multiplexing: MIMO Systems for the Internet of Things

The Internet of things (IoT) holds much commercial potential and could facilitate distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication in future systems. We study a distributed reception scenario in which a transmitter equipped with multiple antennas sends multiple streams via spatial multiplexing to a large number of geographically separated single antenna receive nodes. The receive nodes then quantize their received signals and forward the quantized received signals to a receive fusion center. With global channel knowledge and forwarded quantized information from the receive nodes, the fusion center attempts to decode the transmitted symbols. We assume the transmit vector consists of phase shift keying (PSK) constellation points, and each receive node quantizes its received signal with one bit for each of the real and imaginary parts of the signal to minimize the transmission overhead between the receive nodes and the fusion center. Fusing this data is a non-trivial problem because the receive nodes cannot decode the transmitted symbols before quantization. Instead, each receive node processes a single quantity, i.e., the received signal, regardless of the number of transmitted symbols. We develop an optimal maximum likelihood (ML) receiver and a low-complexity zero-forcing (ZF)-type receiver at the fusion center. Despite its suboptimality, the ZF-type receiver is simple to implement and shows comparable performance with the ML receiver in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime but experiences an error rate floor at high SNR. It is shown that this error floor can be overcome by increasing the number of receive nodes. Hence, the ZF-type receiver would be a practical solution for distributed reception with spatial multiplexing in the era of the IoT where we can easily have a large number of receive nodes.
SAFEM: Scalable analysis of flows with entropic measures and SVM

This paper describes a new approach for the detection of large-scale anomalies or malicious events in Netflow records. This approach allows Internet operators, to whom botnets and spam are major threats, to detect large-scale distributed attacks. The prototype SAFEM (Scalable Analysis of Flows with Entropic Measures) uses spatial-temporal Netflow record aggregation and applies entropic measures to traffic. The aggregation scheme highly reduces data storage leading to the viability of using such an approach in an Internet Service Provider network.
I THIRD-GENERATION SYPHILIS *

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,-I'wish, in the first place, to thank you for the great honour you have conferred upon me by electing me President of our Society. I realise to the full how difficult a task I have undertaken in attempting to uphold the traditions of the post, bearing in mind the eminence of previous occupants of the presidential chair, and also the specialised branch of venereal diseases which has largely occupied my attention during the past twenty years-namely, venereal disease in children. I shall, however, do my best to merit the trust you have reposed in me, and I hope I have not already disappointed you in the subject which I have chosen for my address to you this evening-namely, third-generation syphilis. It may be thought that this is so rare an event that it will be a waste of time to devote an evening to the subject, for has not a distinguished physician written recently in his book " Lectures on the Diseases of Children " that third-generation syphilis is " so rare that it need not be reckoned with in practice " ? Though he is a great physician and a personal friend for whose opinion I have the highest respect, I venture to disagree with him on this point, and I think you will agree when I tell you that I am presenting to your notice this evening the histories of sixteen families with undoubted syphilis in three generations, two in which both parents suffered from congenital syphilis, of six more in which syphilis was probably present, and a further seven families in which it was possibly present. The distinguishing features of these three classes of case I hope to make clear during the course of my subsequent remarks. At the outset I may say that when I undertook the charge of the Venereal Diseases Clinic at the Hospital for Sick Children at Great Ormond Street seventeen years ago I knew practically nothing about third-generation syphilis. Its existence has gradually become
SONG CHARACTERISTICS OF THE YELLOW WARBLER

The Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia) is one of the most widespread species of Parulidae; its breeding range extends from north-central Alaska to central Georgia, and from Newfoundland to northern Baja California (Bent 1953). In this paper we describe the general organization of Yellow Warbler song, variation in song form within a single individual and among different individuals, and some geographic variation in song characteristics. METHODS
The role of lysosomal enzymes in killing of mammalian cells by the lysosomotropic detergent N-dodecylimidazole

The sensitivity of cultured human and hamster fibroblast cells to killing by the lysosomotropic detergent N-dodecylimidazole (C12-Im) was investigated as a function of cellular levels of general lysosomal hydrolase activity, and specifically of cysteine cathepsin activity. Fibroblasts from patients with mucolipidosis II (I-cell disease) lack mannose-6-phosphate-containing proteins, and therefore possess only 10- 15% of the normal level of most lysosomal hydrolases. I-cell fibroblasts are about one-half as sensitive to killing by C12-Im as are normal human fibroblasts. Overall lysosomal enzyme levels of CHO cells were experimentally manipulated in several ways without affecting cell viability: Growth in the presence of 10 mM ammonium chloride resulted in a gradual decrease in lysosomal enzyme content to 10-20% of control values within 3 d. Subsequent removal of ammonium chloride from the growth medium resulted in an increase in lysosomal enzymes, to approximately 125% of control values within 24 h. Treatment with 80 mM sucrose caused extensive vacuolization within 2 h; lysosomal enzyme levels remained at control levels for at least 6 h, but increased 15- fold after 24 h of treatment. Treatment with concanavalin A (50 micrograms/ml) also caused rapid (within 2 h) vacuolation with a sevenfold rise in lysosomal enzyme levels occurring only after 24 h. The sensitivity of these experimentally manipulated cells to killing by C12-Im always paralleled the measured intracellular lysosomal enzyme levels: lower levels were associated with decreased sensitivity while higher levels were associated with increased sensitivity, regardless of the degree of vacuolization of the cells. The cytotoxicity of the cysteine proteases (chiefly cathepsin L in our cells) was tested by inactivating them with the irreversible inhibitor E-64 (100 micrograms/ml). Cell viability, protein levels, and other lysosomal enzymes were unaffected, but cysteine cathepsin activity was reduced to less than 20% of control values. E-64-treated cells were almost completely resistant to C12-Im treatment, although lysosomal disruption appeared normal by fluorescent visualization of Lucifer Yellow CH- loaded cells. It is concluded that cysteine cathepsins are the major or sole cytotoxic agents released from lysosomes by C12-Im. These observations also confirm the previous conclusions that C12-Im kills cells as a consequence of lysosomal disruption.
Resilience Design Patterns: A Structured Approach to Resilience at Extreme Scale

Reliability is a serious concern for future extreme-scale high-performance computing (HPC) systems. Projections based on the current generation of HPC systems and technology roadmaps suggest the prevalence of very high fault rates in future systems. The errors resulting from these faults will propagate and generate various kinds of failures, which may result in outcomes ranging from result corruptions to catastrophic application crashes. Therefore, the resilience challenge for extreme-scale HPC systems requires management of various hardware and software technologies that are capable of handling a broad set of fault models at accelerated fault rates. Also, due to practical limits on power consumption in HPC systems future systems are likely to embrace innovative architectures, increasing the levels of hardware and software complexities. As a result, the techniques that seek to improve resilience must navigate the complex trade-off space between resilience and the overheads to power consumption and performance. While the HPC community has developed various resilience solutions, application-level techniques as well as system-based solutions, the solution space of HPC resilience techniques remains fragmented. There are no formal methods and metrics to investigate and evaluate resilience holistically in HPC systems that consider impact scope, handling coverage, and performance & power efficiency across the system stack. Additionally, few of the current approaches are portable to newer architectures and software environments that will be deployed on future systems. In this paper, we develop a structured approach to the management of HPC resilience using the concept of resilience-based design patterns. A design pattern is a general repeatable solution to a commonly occurring problem. We identify the commonly occurring problems and solutions used to deal with faults, errors and failures in HPC systems. Each established solution is described in the form of a pattern that addresses concrete problems in the design of resilient systems. The complete catalog of resilience design patterns provides designers with reusable design elements. We also define a framework that enhances a designer's understanding of the important constraints and opportunities for the design patterns to be implemented and deployed at various layers of the system stack. This design framework may be used to establish mechanisms and interfaces to coordinate flexible fault management across hardware and software components. The framework also supports optimization of the cost-benefit trade-offs among performance, resilience, and power consumption. The overall goal of this work is to enable a systematic methodology for the design and evaluation of resilience technologies in extreme-scale HPC systems that keep scientific applications running to a correct solution in a timely and cost-efficient manner despite frequent faults, errors, and failures of various types.
Distribution and Redistribution in Postindustrial Democracies

This article analyzes the processes of distribution and redistribution in postindustrial democracies. The authors combine a pooled time-series data base on welfare state effort and its determinants assembled by Huber, Ragin, and Stephens (1997) with data on income distribution assembled in the Luxembourg Income Survey (lis) archive. In the case of the lis data, the authors recalculate the microdata in order to remove the distorting influence of pensioners on pretax, pretransfer income distribution. They examine the determinants of two dependent variables: pretax, pretransfer income inequality and the proportional reduction in inequality from pre­ to post­tax and transfer inequality. They test hypotheses derived from power resources theory against alternatives derived from the literature on the development of the welfare state and the determinants of income inequality. The results offer strong support for power resources theory, particularly in the case of reduction in inequality. Union density, unemployment, and percentage of female-headed households were the main determinants of pre­tax and transfer inequality (R2 = .64), while leftist government, directly and indirectly through its influence on the size of the welfare state, was found to be by far the strongest determinant of distribution (R2 = .81).
Targeting glucose metabolism in patients with cancer

Nearly a century ago, Otto Warburg made the astute observation that the metabolic properties of cancer cells differ markedly from those of normal cells. Several decades passed before the concept of exploiting cancer cell metabolism came into clinical practice with the advent of chemotherapy, the underlying principle of which is to target rapidly dividing cells by interfering with critical processes that are all, on some level, driven by cell metabolism. Although chemotherapy can be quite effective, success rates are highly variable and the adverse effects associated with treatment often outweigh the benefits due to the fact that chemotherapy is indiscriminately cytotoxic against all rapidly dividing cells, cancerous or healthy. During the past several years, a more intricate understanding of cancer cell metabolism has permitted the development of targeted therapies that aim to specifically target cancer cells and spare healthy tissue by exploiting the altered metabolism of cancer cells. The identification of new metabolic targets and the subsequent development of small‐molecule inhibitors of metabolic enzymes have demonstrated the utility and promise of targeting cancer cell metabolism as an anticancer strategy. This review summarizes recent advances in the identification and characterization of several metabolic enzymes as emerging anticancer targets. Cancer 2014;120:774–780. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Analysis of a three-to-five-phase matrix converter using DTFA

This paper analyzes a three phase fixed input to five phase variable amplitude/frequency output matrix converter topology to feed a five phase induction motor. Less spacious applications like aeroplanes, ships etc. are employing multiphase machines more frequently. Front-end converters have been so far employed to interface the load with the supply. These converters employ dc-link capacitor - which is disadvantageous for low space applications. The alternative is seen in matrix converters. The maximum limit on attainable output voltage in a matrix converter with a three phase input is found to be 50 % of the input voltage. It is found that this limit can be increased to 78.86 % for three-to-five phase system, if input and output voltages are optimized. A simplified modulation method for five phase output is defined by employing direct transfer function approach (DTFA). The performance of a five phase motor is then analyzed. It is found that lower voltage level is required at the input of the matrix converter to run a motor at rated voltage with voltage optimization than without voltage optimization. This aspect is again beneficial for low space applications.
Objectives and performance of H.265/HEVC video coding standard

The article describes improvements in new video compression algorithm H.265/HEVC over predecessors. The efficiency of the algorithm has been verified on a test video file in multiple standard resolutions. The evaluation results indicate that the algorithm satisfies the goal of increasing the coding efficiency for high-resolution video sequences by 50% over previous algorithms.
Brazil's Efficient Payment System: A Legacy of High Inflation

This paper analyzes econometrically how a country's post-crisis debt ratio could be forecast, in the aftermath of a debt crisis, from the previous debt-to-GDP ratio. A critical parameter is simply the debt-to-PPP-GDP ratio, where PPP-GDP is, in current international dollars, the Summers-Heston value. In this formulation, this paper shows that the Latin American paradox disappears. This then leads to a simple conclusion: debt crises are more frequent in Latin American countries because they have more damaging consequences on the market value of GDP. This itself appears to be closely related to the fact that pre-crisis Latin American exchange rates are also overvalued (for a similar emphasis, see Calvo et al., 2003). As a simple consequence of this model, the paper suggests computing the debt-to-PPP-GDP ratio as a new standard for analyzing debt sustainability.
Evaluation of corn and sorghum distillers byproducts.

Two trials were conducted to determine the feeding value of sorghum distillers byproducts. Trial 1, a finishing trial, used 160 yearling steers (327 kg). Treatments consisted of dry-rolled corn (DRC) control, sorghum wet distillers grains (SWDG), sorghum wet distillers grains plus solubles (SWDGS), and sorghum dried distillers grain plus solubles (SDDGS). Distillers byproducts were fed at 40% of the diet DM. Cattle fed diets containing SWDG, SWDGS, or DRC were similar in efficiency of gain (P > .10); cattle fed SDDGS were less efficient (P < .10) than all other treatments. Sorghum wet distillers grains, SWDGS, and SDDGS contained 96, 102, and 80% relative NEg of corn, respectively. In Trial 2, 16 crossbred lambs (55 kg) were used to determine the digestibility of sorghum and corn distillers byproducts. Byproducts were fed at 80% of the diet DM and treatments consisted of corn wet distillers grains (CWDG), corn dried distillers grains plus solubles (CDDGS), SWDG, and SDDGS. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility was not different among treatments (P > .10). Corn wet distillers grains were higher in true nitrogen (P < .001), apparent nitrogen (P < .01), and organic matter digestibility (P < .05) than SWDG. Wet distillers byproducts were higher (P < .01) in apparent organic matter and nitrogen digestibility than dried distillers byproducts. Digestibility of distillers byproducts and subsequent energy values are influenced by type of grain used in the fermentation process and drying of the finished byproduct.