Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth Cessation and Dormancy Induction in Micropropagated Plantlets of Rheum rhaponticum ‘Raspberry’ Influenced by Photoperiod and Temperature

Dormancy development in micropropagated plantlets at the acclimatization stage and early growth ex vitro is undesirable as it lowers their survival rate and restricts the efficient year-round production of planting material. Thus far, little is known about the factors and mechanisms involved in the dormancy development of micropropagated herbaceous perennials, including rhubarb. This study determined physiological and molecular changes in the Rheum rhaponticum (culinary rhubarb) ‘Raspberry’ planting material in response to photoperiod and temperature. We found that the rhubarb plantlets that were grown under a 16-h photoperiod (LD) and a temperature within the normal growth range (17–23 °C) showed active growth of leaves and rhizomes and did not develop dormancy. Rapid growth cessation and dormancy development were observed in response to a 10-h photoperiod (SD) or elevated temperature under LD. These morphological changes were accompanied by enhanced abscisic acid (ABA) and starch levels and also the upregulation of various genes involved in carbohydrate synthesis and transport (SUS3, AMY3, BMY3, BGLU17) and ABA synthesis and signaling (ZEP and ABF2). We also found enhanced expression levels of heat shock transcription factors (HSFA2 and HSFA6B), heat shock proteins (HSP22, HSP70.1, HSP90.2 and HSP101) and antioxidant enzymes (PRX12, APX2 and GPX). This may suggest that dormancy induction in micropropagated rhubarb plantlets is a stress response to light deficiency and high temperatures and is endogenously coordinated by the ABA, carbohydrate and ROS pathways.
The Stellar Populations in the Outer Regions of M33. II. Deep ACS Imaging

Studying the stellar populations in the outskirts of spiral galaxies can provide important constraints on their structure, formation, and evolution. To that end, we present VI photometry obtained with the Advanced Camera for Surveys for three fields located ∼20′-30′ in projected distance southeast of M33's nucleus (corresponding to approximately four to six visual scale lengths or ∼9-13 kpc in deprojected radius). The color-magnitude diagrams reveal a mixed stellar population whose youngest constituents have ages no greater than ∼100 Myr and whose oldest members have ages of at least several gigayears. The presence of stars as massive as 3-5 M⊙ is consistent with global star formation thresholds in disk galaxies but could argue for a threshold in M33 that is on the low end of observational and theoretical expectations. The metallicity gradient as inferred by comparing the observed red giant branch (RGB) to the Galactic globular clusters is consistent with M33's inner disk gradient traced by several other studies. The surface density of the RGB stars drops off exponentially with a radial scale length of 4.7′ ± 0.1′. The scale length increases with age in a manner similar to the vertical scale height of several nearby late-type spirals. Based on the metallicity gradient, density gradient, and mixed nature of the stellar populations, we conclude that these fields are dominated by a disk population, although we cannot rule out the presence of a small halo component.
Smoking Affects the Post-Stroke Inflammatory Response of Lipid Mediators in a Gender-Related Manner

The main goal of our study was to determine the effect of cigarette smoking on selected derivatives of arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, DHA, and EPA, which may be markers of post-stroke inflammation. The eicosanoid profile was compared in both smoking and non-smoking patients, without division and with division into gender. In the group of non-smokers, we observed higher levels of the linolenic acid derivative (LA) 9S HODE (p ≤ 0.05) than in smokers. However, after dividing the results by sex, it turned out that the level of this derivative was higher in non-smoking women compared to smoking women (p ≤ 0.01) and did not differentiate the group of men. Similarly, the level of the arachidonic acid metabolite LTX A4 (p ≤ 0.05) differed only in the group of women. In this group, we also observed a decreased level of 15S HETE in smoking women, but it was statistically insignificant (p ≤ 0.08). On the other hand, the level of this derivative was statistically significantly higher in the group of non-smoking women compared to male non-smokers. The group of men was differentiated by two compounds: TXB2 and NPD1. Male smokers had an almost two-fold elevation of TXB2 (p ≤ 0.01) compared with non-smokers, and in this group, we also observed an increased level of NPD1 compared with male non-smokers. On the other hand, when comparing female non-smokers and male non-smokers, in addition to the difference in 15S HETE levels, we also observed elevated levels of TXB2 in the group of non-smokers. We also analyzed a number of statistically significant correlations between the analyzed groups. Generally, men and women smokers showed a much smaller amount of statistically significant correlations than non-smokers. We believe that this is related to the varying degrees of inflammation associated with acute ischemic stroke and post-stroke response. On the one hand, tobacco smoke inhibits the activity of enzymes responsible for the conversion of fatty acids, but on the other hand, it can cause the failure of the inflammatory system, which is also the body’s defense mechanism. Smoking cigarettes is a factor that increases oxidative stress even before the occurrence of a stroke incident, and at the same time accelerates it and inhibits post-stroke repair mechanisms. This study highlights the effect of smoking on inflammation in both genders mediated by lipid mediators, which makes smoking cessation undeniable.
Scholarly rumors: Citation analysis of vast misinformation regarding parental alienation theory.

Misinformation is widespread in political discourse, mental health literature, and hard science. This article describes recurrent publication of the same misinformation regarding parental alienation (PA), that is, variations of the statement: "PA theory assumes that the favored parent has caused PA in the child simply because the child refuses to have a relationship with the rejected parent, without identifying or proving alienating behaviors by the favored parent. " Ninety-four examples of the same misinformation were identified and subjected to citation analysis using Gephi software, which displays the links between citing material and cited material. The recurrent misinformation reported here is not trivial; these statements are significant misrepresentations of PA theory. Plausible explanations for this trail of misinformation are the psychological mindset of the authors (i.e., confirmation bias) and the authors' writing skills (e.g., sloppy research practices such as persistent use of secondary sources for their information). The authors of this article recommend that publications containing significant misinformation should be corrected or retracted.
Effect of acquisition parameters on digital breast tomosynthesis: Total angular range and number of projection views

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different acquisition parameters and to determine the optimal set of acquisition parameters of projection views (PVs) for the new developed digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) system. The DBT imaging parameters were optimized using 32 different acquisition sets with six angular ranges (±5°, ±10°, ±13°, ±17°, ±21°, and ±25°) and eight projection views (5, 11, 15, 21, 25, 31, 41, and 51 prjections). In addition to the contrastto-noise ratio (CNR), the artifact spread function (ASF) was used to quantify the in-focus plane artifacts along the z-direction in order to explore the relationship between the acquisition parameters and the image quality. A commercially, available breast-mimicking phantom was imaged to qualitatively verify our results. Our results show that a wide angular range improved the reconstructed image quality in the z-direction. If a large number of projections are acquired, then the electronic noise may dominate the CNR due to reduce the radiation dose per projection. Although increasing angular range was found to improve the vertical resolution, due to greater effective breast thickness, the image quality of microcalcifications in the in-focus plane was also found not to be improved by increasing the noise. Therefore, potential trade-offs of these physical imaging properties must be considered to optimize the acquisition configuration of a DBT system. Our results suggest possible directions for further improvements in DBT systems for high quality imaging.
Determination of model-free Kramers-Kronig consistent optical constants of thin absorbing films from just one spectral measurement: Application to organic semiconductors

We present an algorithm which allows to extract the refractive index $n$ and the absorption index $k$ of thin absorbing films from just one spectral measurement. The method makes explicit use of the Kramers-Kronig relation interconnecting $n$ and $k$, thereby yielding an a priori Kramers-Kronig consistent result. No specific model is needed to describe the optical constants. The successful application of the method is demonstrated on both, analytically generated and experimentally recorded examples. Due to the requirement that the absorption index has to approach zero sufficiently at the measurement boundaries we restrict the application of our method to materials exhibiting well defined and distinct absorption bands. Consequently, differential reflectance spectra (DRS) of thin films of the organic semiconductor PTCDA (3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride) on the different substrates transparent mica, opaque gold and opaque HOPG have been chosen as our experimental examples. While we especially focus on the application of our method to differential reflectance measurements, it is anticipated that the method can be applied to other optical quantities likewise.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety in Parkinson’s Disease Induces Functional Brain Changes

Background: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) reduces anxiety symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Objective: The objective of this study was to identify changes in functional connectivity in the brain after CBT for anxiety in patients with PD. Methods: Thirty-five patients with PD and clinically significant anxiety were randomized over two groups: CBT plus clinical monitoring (10 CBT sessions) or clinical monitoring only (CMO). Changes in severity of anxiety symptoms were assessed with the Parkinson Anxiety Scale (PAS). Resting-state functional brain MRI was performed at baseline and after the intervention. Functional networks were extracted by an Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Functional connectivity (FC) changes between structures involved in the PD-related anxiety circuits, such as the fear circuit (involving limbic, frontal, and cingulate structures) and the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical limbic circuit, and both within and between functional networks were compared between groups and regressed with anxiety symptoms changes. Results: Compared to CMO, CBT reduced the FC between the right thalamus and the bilateral orbitofrontal cortices and increased the striato-frontal FC. CBT also increased the fronto-parietal FC within the central executive network (CEN) and between the CEN and the salience network. After CBT, improvement of PAS-score was associated with an increased striato-cingulate and parieto-temporal FC, and a decreased FC within the default-mode network and between the dorsal attentional network and the language network. Conclusion: CBT in PD-patients improves anxiety symptoms and is associated with functional changes reversing the imbalance between PD-related anxiety circuits and reinforcing cognitive control on emotional processing.
Image quality measurement based on statistics of activity regions

Abstract Image restoration is a well‐known technique for dealing with images that have been recorded in the presence of one or more sources of degradation. However, why do we want to perform image restoration upon a given image? Who can tell us the image quality is good or needs to be processed? In this paper, based on the activity regions of a gray image, we present an approach to performing both objective and subjective evaluations for measuring image quality. Four versions of an image are transformed, and the results obtained by the proposed approach are used for comparisons and discussions. Experiments show that the proposed approach is feasible for reporting the image quality.
Establish TiNb2O7@C as Fast-Charging Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Intercalation-type metal oxides are promising active anode materials for the fabrication of safer rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, as they are capable of minimizing or even eliminating Li plating at low voltages. Due to the excellent cycle performance, high specific capacity and appropriate working potential, TiNb2O7 (TNO) is considered to be the candidate of anode materials. Despite a lot of beneficial characteristics, the slow electrochemical kinetics of the TNO-based anodes limits their wide use. In this paper, TiNb2O7@C was prepared by using the self-polymerization coating characteristics of dopamine to enhance the rate-performance and cycling stability. The TNO@C-2 particles present ideal rate performance with the discharge capacity of 295.6 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C. Moreover, the TNO@C-2 anode materials exhibit initial discharge capacity of 177.4 mA h g−1, providing 91% of capacity retention after 400 cycles at 10 C. The outstanding electrochemical performance can be contributed to the carbon layer, which builds fast lithium ion paths, enhancing the electrical conductivity of TNO. All these results confirm that TNO@C is a valid methodology to enhance rate-performance and cycling stability and is a new way to provide reliable and quickly rechargeable energy storage resources.
A novel context model for remote sensing image compression

Due to the insufficient employment of the correlation among wavelet coefficients, existing significance coding methods can't reduce entropy redundancy efficiently. In order to solve this problem, a significance context model based on intraband and interband correlation is proposed. The model uses neighbor coefficients in the same subband and a parent coefficient in the lower subband as context to predict the current coding coefficient. Neighbor weight and parent weight are defined to distinguish prediction effect of neighbor coefficients and parent coefficient. For neighbor coefficients, different neighbor weight values are assigned according to their directions and bit-planes. Parent coefficient as a significant coefficient has the same prediction effect on either the current bit-plane or above bit-plane, so it is assigned only one weight value. With classifying the coding coefficients according to neighbor weight and parent weight, and merging the contexts with similar probability distribution, the final context classification scheme fitting for most remote sensing images is acquired. Experimental results have shown that the proposed significance context model is prior to the JPEG2000's. It can employ correlation among wavelet coefficients more sufficiently, and remarkably improve the compression performance.
fMRI Priors for the Linear Inverse Estimation of EEG Cortical Sources

In this paper, advanced methods for the modeling of human cortical activity from combined high-resolution electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data are reviewed. These methods include a subject's multicompartment head model (scalp, skull, dura mater, cortex) constructed from magnetic resonance images, multidipole source model, and regularized linear inverse source estimate based on boundary element mathematics. Furthermore, determination of the priors in the resolution of the linear inverse problem was performed with the use of information from the hemodynamic responses of the cortical areas as revealed by block-designed (strength of activated voxels) and event-related (coupling of activated voxels) fMRI. Linear inverse source estimates of cortical activity were regularized by taking into account the covariance of background EEG sensor noise. As an example, these methods were applied to EEG (128 electrodes) and fMRI data, which were recorded in separate sessions wh.
X-ray spectroscopy

Spectral analysis is the main tool of astrophysical research. Current instrumental technology offers very sensitive CCD detectors with enough spectral resolution for many purposes. This introductory text is aimed at graduate students starting a thesis in X-ray astronomy, and at non-specialists who wish to analyse X-ray data themselves. It gives the basic tools and explains the basic issues often implicit in specialised papers. X-ray spectroscopy differs from spectroscopy at longer wavelengths because it is photon based with relatively small numbers of photons. As a result the Poisson process is at the core of the statistical description of X-ray spectra. The classical model-fitting procedure is described and illustrated on a detailed example. It is applicable to any parametric model and any instrumental data. High resolution X-ray spectroscopy, now applicable to many sources thanks to sensitive grating instruments, allows to measure individual lines accurately. The diagnostics that it offers are very similar to those offered by mid-resolution optical spectroscopy: line ratios, line broadening, absorption lines.
PENGARUH CURRENT RATIO, DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO, RETURN ON EQUITY, PRICE EARNING RATIO DAN FIRM SIZE TERHADAP FIRM VALUE (STUDI PADA BEBERAPA BADAN USAHA MILIK NEGARA DI INDONESIA)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh current ratio, debt to equity ratio, return on equity, price earning ratio dan firm size terhadap firm value pada perusahaan Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2016-2020. Pemilihan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan terpilih sebanyak 9 sampel perusahaan dari 20 populasi perusahaan Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu data sekunder dengan teknik analisis data yaitu analisis regresi data panel menggunakan software Eviews 10 dan didapatkan model estimasi terbaik yaitu fixed effect model (FEM). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, secara parsial current ratio, return on equity dan price earning ratio berpengaruh positif terhadap firm value, sedangkan secara parsial debt to equity ratio dan firm size tidak berpengaruh terhadap firm value. Selain itu, secara simultan current ratio, debt to equity ratio, return on equity, price earning ratio dan firm size berpengaruh terhadap firm value.
HLA-A, HSPA5, IGFBP5 and PSMA2 Are Restriction Factors for Zika Virus Growth in Astrocytic Cells

(1) Background: Zika virus (ZIKV), an arbo-flavivirus, is transmitted via Aeges aegyptii mosquitoes Following its major outbreaks in 2013, 2014 and 2016, WHO declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Symptoms of ZIKV infection include acute fever, conjunctivitis, headache, muscle & joint pain and malaise. Cases of its transmission also have been reported via perinatal, sexual and transfusion transmission. ZIKV pathologies include meningo-encephalitis and myelitis in the central nervous system (CNS) and Guillain-Barré syndrome and acute transient polyneuritis in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Drugs like azithromycin have been tested as inhibitors of ZIKV infection but no vaccines or treatments are currently available. Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the CNS and among the first cells in CNS infected by ZIKV; (2) Methods: We previously used SOMAScan proteomics to study ZIKV-infected astrocytic cells. Here, we use mass spectrometric analyses to further explain dysregulations in the cellular expression profile of glioblastoma astrocytoma U251 cells. We also knocked down (KD) some of the U251 cellular proteins using siRNAs and observed the impact on ZIKV replication and infectivity; (3) Results & Conclusions: The top ZIKV dysregulated cellular networks were antimicrobial response, cell death, and energy production while top dysregulated functions were antigen presentation, viral replication and cytopathic impact. Th1 and interferon signaling pathways were among the top dysregulated canonical pathways. siRNA-mediated KD of HLA-A, IGFBP5, PSMA2 and HSPA5 increased ZIKV titers and protein synthesis, indicating they are ZIKV restriction factors. ZIKV infection also restored HLA-A expression in HLA-A KD cells by 48 h post-infection, suggesting interactions between this gene product and ZIKV.
E-Waste Recycling Behaviour with Reference to Consumers in Kuantan City

Managing e-waste among consumers poses significant challenges for the authorities, as proper e-waste management is more prevalent in industrial sectors than in households. Consumers are left to manage their household e-waste in a disorganised manner either by throwing it in the trash or dumping it illegally. This study seeks to fill this gap by identifying the factors that influence consumer e-waste recycling behaviour. A quantitative approach was adopted for this study and a survey data was collected from 200 households through systematic sampling method. The results for Pearson correlation coefficient showed that awareness (r = 0.553, p = .000), availability of facilities (r = 0.260, p = .000) and perceived behavioural control (r = 0.341, p = .000) were significantly and positively associated with consumer e-waste recycling behaviour. The results for multiple linear regression showed that adjusted R 2 is 0.336 which indicated that the determinants were able to predict 33.6% of the consumer e-waste recycling behaviour. Awareness and perceived behavioural control were significant determinants for consumer e-waste recycling behaviour among households while the most influential factor is awareness. The findings of this study would able to help the relevant authorities to increase the awareness of consumers to participate in e-waste recycling through campaigns and educational activities.