Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Torque Control During Intrusion on Upper Central Incisor in Labial and Lingual bracket System - A 3D Finite Element Study

Background The aim of present study was to investigate the difference of torque control during intrusive force on upper central incisors with normal, under and high torque in lingual and labial orthodontic systems through 3D finite element analysis. Material and Methods Six 3D models of an upper right central incisor with different torque were designed in Solid Works 2006. Software ANSYS Version 16.0 was used to evaluate intrusive force on upper central incisor model . An intrusive force of 0.15 N was applied to the bracket slot in different torque models and the displacements along a path of nodes in the upper central incisor was assessed. Results On application of Intrusive force on under torqued upper central incisor in Labial system produce labial crown movement but in Lingual system caused lingual movement in the apical and incisal parts. The same intrusive force in normal-torqued central incisor led to a palatal movement in apical and labial displacement of incisal edge in Lingual system and a palatal displacement in apical area and a labial movement in the incisal edge in Labial systemin. In overtorqued upper central incisor, the labial crown displacement in Labial system is more than Lingual system. Conclusions In labial and lingual system on application of the same forces in upper central incisor with different inclinations showed different responses. The magnitudes of torque Loss during intrusive loads in incisors with normal, under and over-torque were higher in Labial system than Lingual orthodontic appliances. Key words:FEM, lingual orthodontics, intrusion, torque control, labial bracket systems
LARVAL BEHAVIOR OF DROSOPHZU CENTRAL COMPLEX MUTANTS: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN NO BRIDGE, FORAGZNG, AND CHASER

The central complex (CC) is a prominent component of the adult insect brain. In Drosophila melanogaster, mutations which alter CC structure also impair adult locomotion. This has led to the suggestion that the CC functions as a higher organizer of adult locomotor patterns (Strauss and Heisenberg, 1993). In the present study, we describe altered larval behavior resulting from mutations in six CC structural genes. Differences from the control strain were found for larvae from each CC mutant strain in at least one of three assays. central body defect’ (cbd’), central complex deranged’ (ccd’), central brain deranged’ (ceb’) and central complex’ (cex’) larvae all had general defects in locomotion (on a non-nutritive agar surface). Both ellipsoid body open’ (ebo2) and no bridge’ (nob’) had larval foraging behavior defects (on a nutritive yeast surface). Only cex’ larvae required significantly longer time in a roll over assay of muscle tone. Genetic analysis suggested that nob’ interacts additively with two other genes influencing larval foraging behavior, foraging (for) and Chaser (Csr). for also had an influence on adult foraging, whereas here we found that Csr did not. We did not include adult foraging behavior tests of the CC mutants due to general locomotion defects in these flies (Strauss and Heisenberg, 1993).
Properties analysis on electrically conductive concrete road material and conductive additive selection

Working principle on deicing and snow melting of electrically conductive concrete and the theory base on making conductive concrete are introduced;the basic requirement on performance of the electrically conductive concrete that satisfy the pavement's needs is analyzed;after discussing the properties of conductive concrete,which reinforced with different conductive admixture,a perfect additive that suitable for making electrically conductive concrete is selected.
Attentional capture by social stimuli in young infants

We investigated the possibility that a range of social stimuli capture the attention of 6-month-old infants when in competition with other non-face objects. Infants viewed a series of six-item arrays in which one target item was a face, body part, or animal as their eye movements were recorded. Stimulus arrays were also processed for relative salience of each item in terms of color, luminance, and amount of contour. Targets were rarely the most visually salient items in the arrays, yet infants' first looks toward all three target types were above chance, and dwell times for targets exceeded other stimulus types. Girls looked longer at faces than did boys, but there were no sex differences for other stimuli. These results are interpreted in a context of learning to discriminate between different classes of animate stimuli, perhaps in line with affordances for social interaction, and origins of sex differences in social attention.
The Usability of 3D Flattening in Design and Pattern Preperation of Tight Fit Garments

Nowadays aesthetics, comfort and functionality are the most important characteristics of sports garments. To achieve comfort, sports garments are manufactured as combined fractions made of different fabrics providing different characteristics and designs. Preparing patterns which provide the best fit for the tightfit garments is much harder than the loose fit ones. To find the best fit, many prototypes have to be made, but the manufacturers do not have the necessary time. Thus, 3D Flattening systems provide a way out for the industry, but especially for the sportswear manufacturers. In this study, firstly, a virtual male model was formed. Afterwards, a fractioned tight-fit male sweatshirt model was designed on this virtual model via Opititex 3D Flattener. As the model was created, the pattern was obtained simultaneously. When the design was completed, 2D patterns were obtained automatically. After virtual stitches and other details were applied, the sweatshirt was dressed on the created male model in order to determine the fit. Eventually, fit of the created design was evaluated.
Reactivity of Spleen Germinal Centres in Immunized and ACTH-treated Chickens

Graczyk S. , J. Kuryszko, J. Madej: The Reactivity of Spleen Germinal Centres in Immunized and ACTH-treated Chickens. Acta Vet. Brno 2003, 72: 523-531. The aim of the study was to estimate the reactivity of spleen white pulp structures in chickens immunized with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) and remaining under the influence of ACTH. The 11week-old chickens were divided into four groups. Group I constituted the control, while chickens of groups II and IV were immunized with SRBC. Chickens of groups III and IV were given ACTH. The sections of thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen were done and used for histological evaluation. The number of germinal centres of the types I and II was estimated on the determined spleen surface. It was shown that after SRBC administration in the thymus cortex and in medulla of bursa of Fabricius, proliferation of lymphoid cells was visible. However, after ACTH administration in the discussed thymus and bursa parts, lymphocyte depletion was observed. Morphometric analysis of the spleen showed that after the administration of SRBC and ACTH there is observed the increase in the number of the type II germinal centres. The results of the study indicated the diversified antigen influence on the morphological picture of the lymphatic organs. They also showed different sensitivity of particular structures to administered ACTH. Moreover, the earlier observations and current results allowed to work out the model of formation and movement of different types of germinal centres in the spleen. Chickens, spleen, germinal centres, ACTH, SRBC Numerous environmental factors evoke in an animal organism a set of functional and morphological changes, called stress by H. Selye. These changes most often lead to an adaptation, making it possible for the organism to survive in the changing conditions. According to Puvadolpirod and Thaxton (2000ab), in birds it is difficult to specify a typical stress picture and predict the course of stress. This results not only from the variety of stressors but most of all, from the character of the reaction, in which main coordination systems of the organism play a dominant part. An important role is played by the endocrine system and its hormones, especially glucocorticoids which, ensuring the development of adaptation, at the same time contribute to protection against excessive activation of endogenous processes which threaten with self-destruction (T omaszewska and Przekop 1997; M itchell and Kettlewell 1998; Goldstein and McEwen 2002). A prolonged activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is responsible, among others, for metabolic changes and changes in cells and tissues of the lymphatic system. It has been shown that both the stressors and parenteral administration of ACTH to birds leads, to clear changes in circulating blood, through activation of the above
Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Major Orthopedic Surgery: Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of 21 Randomized Trials Evaluating Unfractionated Heparins, Low-Molecular Weight Heparins, and New Oral Anticoagulants

Background: In major orthopedic surgery, prevention of venous thromboembolism has been based on Unfractionated Heparins (UFHs) over the past decades, then on LowMolecular Weight Heparins (LMWHs), and on New Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) more recently. To summarize the comparative effectiveness of UFHs, LMWHs, and NOACs in this clinical indication, we applied Bayesian network meta-analysis to the clinical material (randomized studies) published in two previous reviews focused on this issue. Objectives: Our end-point was a composite of venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism. Materials and Methods: Our analysis was based on standard Bayesian network metaanalysis (random-effect model). Results: The analysis included 21 randomized trials for a total of 21,805 patients. Our results showed that the degree of effectiveness did not differ among UFHs, LMWHs, and NOACs. Although some trends emerged from an in-depth analysis of these data (e.g. according to the histogram of rankings), no significant differences were found (P > 0.05). Moreover, two agents among LMWHs proved to be adequately supported by randomized trials (enoxaparin and dalteparin), while limited evidence was available for other agents of this class. Conclusions: Our synthesis of the effectiveness data can be useful as an overall reference in this area and can also contribute to defining the place of further innovative treatments for this clinical indication.
The Re-Emergence and Emergence of Vector-Borne Rickettsioses in Taiwan

Rickettsial diseases, particularly vector-borne rickettsioses (VBR), have a long history in Taiwan, with studies on scrub typhus and murine typhus dating back over a century. The climatic and geographic diversity of Taiwan’s main island and its offshore islands provide many ecological niches for the diversification and maintenance of rickettsiae alike. In recent decades, scrub typhus has re-emerged as the most prevalent type of rickettsiosis in Taiwan, particularly in eastern Taiwan and its offshore islands. While murine typhus has also re-emerged on Taiwan’s western coast, it remains neglected. Perhaps more alarming than the re-emergence of these rickettsioses is the emergence of newly described VBR. The first case of human infection with Rickettsia felis was confirmed in 2005, and undetermined spotted fever group rickettsioses have recently been detected. Taiwan is at a unique advantage in terms of detecting and characterizing VBR, as it has universal health coverage and a national communicable disease surveillance system; however, these systems have not been fully utilized for this purpose. Here, we review the existing knowledge on the eco-epidemiology of VBR in Taiwan and recommend future courses of action.
A new conception on the toughness of nylon 6/silica nanocomposite prepared via in situ polymerization

A novel method, in situ polymerization, was used for the preparation of nylon 6/silica nanocomposites, and the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were examined. The results showed that the tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength of silica-modified nanocomposites exhibited a tendency of up and down with the silica content increasing, while those of silica-unmodified nanocomposites decreased gradually. It also exhibited that the mechanical properties of silica-modified nanocomposites have maximum values only when 5% silica particles were filled. Based on the relationship between impact strength of the nanocomposites and the matrix ligament thickness τ, a new criterion was proposed to explain the unique mechanical properties of nylon 6/silica nanocomposites. The nylon 6/silica nanocomposites can be toughened only when the matrix ligament thickness is less than τc and greater than τa, where τa is the matrix ligament thickness when silica particles begin to aggregate, and τc is the critical matrix ligament thickness when silica particles begin to toughen the nylon 6 matrix. The matrix ligament thickness, τ, is not independent, which related with the volume fraction of the inorganic component because the diameter of inorganic particles remains constant during processing. According to the observation of Electron Scanning Microscope (SEM), the process of dispersion to aggregation of silica particles in the nylon 6 matrix with increasing of the silica content was observed, and this result strongly supported our proposal. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 789–795, 1998
Simplified two-dimensional model of thin wall deflections caused by the reaction force from mill

W artykule omówiono zagadnienie numerycznego modelowania ugięć cienkiej ścianki półwyrobu kształtowanego w procesie frezowania frezem walcowym. Opracowany model obliczeniowy jest dwuwymiarowy i uwzględnia zjawiska przenoszenia nacisków w obszarze styku między frezem a obrabianą ścianką. Do obliczenia przemieszczeń, odkształceń oraz naprężeń zastosowano metodę elementów skończonych. SŁOWA KLUCZOWE: frezowanie cienkiej ścianki, metoda elementów skończonych, modelowanie styku, przemieszczenia, odkształcenia i naprężenia
Tuberculosis — United States, 2017

In 2017, a total of 9,093 new cases of tuberculosis (TB) were provisionally* reported in the United States, representing an incidence rate of 2.8 cases per 100,000 population. The case count decreased by 1.8% from 2016 to 2017, and the rate declined by 2.5% over the same period. These decreases are consistent with the slight decline in TB seen over the past several years (1). This report summarizes provisional TB surveillance data reported to CDC's National Tuberculosis Surveillance System for 2017 and in the last decade. The rate of TB among non-U.S.-born persons in 2017 was 15 times the rate among U.S.-born persons. Among non-U.S.-born persons, the highest TB rate among all racial/ethnic groups was among Asians (27.0 per 100,000 persons), followed by non-Hispanic blacks (blacks; 22.0). Among U.S.-born persons, most TB cases were reported among blacks (37.1%), followed by non-Hispanic whites (whites; 29.5%). Previous studies have shown that the majority of TB cases in the United States are attributed to reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI) (2). Ongoing efforts to prevent TB transmission and disease in the United States remain important to continued progress toward TB elimination. Testing and treatment of populations most at risk for TB disease and LTBI, including persons born in countries with high TB prevalence and persons in high-risk congregate settings (3), are major components of this effort.
60 GHz 5-bit digital controlled phase shifter in a digital 40 nm CMOS technology without ultra-thick metals

A 5-bit digital controlled switch-type passive phase shifter realised in a 40 nm digital CMOS technology without ultra-thick metals for the 60 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band is presented. A patterned shielding with electromagnetic bandgap structure and a stacked metals method to increase the on-chip inductor quality factor are proposed. To reduce the insertion loss from the transistors, the transistor switches are implemented with a body-source connection. For all 32 states, the minimum phase error is 1.5°, and the maximum phase error is 6.8°. The measured insertion loss is -20.9 ± 1 dB including pad loss at 60 GHz and the return loss is >10 dB over 57-64 GHz. The total chip size is 0.24 mm2 with 0 mW DC power consumption.
Java-based On-line Monitoring of Heterogeneous Resources and Systems

The diffusion of Web-based multimedia services and the emerging competition among service providers require to enrich the Internet infrastructure with mechanisms to manage and control service quality and availability. These goals require monitoring mechanisms that ascertain the state of resources and applications in the global distributed system, and that should be a core functionality of any infrastructure for Web service provision. The paper describes the design and the implementation of a Java-based Application Programming Interface (API) to monitor uniformly heterogeneous resources and systems over the Internet. The monitoring tool operates at different levels of abstraction. On the one hand, it can instrument the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) to handle several types of events produced by Java applications. On the other hand, it can inspect the state of machine specific information (e.g., CPU and memory utilization) typically hidden by the JVM, and available via platform-dependent modules (currently developed for WindowsNT, Solaris and Linux). The implemented monitoring tool can be integrated in any Java-based Web service infrastructure and is currently part of the SOMA mobile agent platform.
HPV Genotypes in High Grade Cervical Lesions and Invasive Cervical Carcinoma as Detected by Two Commercial DNA Assays, North Carolina, 2001–2006

Background HPV typing using formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) cervical tissue is used to evaluate HPV vaccine impact, but DNA yield and quality in FFPE specimens can negatively affect test results. This study aimed to evaluate 2 commercial assays for HPV detection and typing using FFPE cervical specimens. Methods Four large North Carolina pathology laboratories provided FFPE specimens from 299 women ages18 and older diagnosed with cervical disease from 2001 to 2006. For each woman, one diagnostic block was selected and unstained serial sections were prepared for DNA typing. Extracts from samples with residual lesion were used to detect and type HPV using parallel and serial testing algorithms with the Linear Array and LiPA HPV genotyping assays. Findings LA and LiPA concordance was 0.61 for detecting any high-risk (HR) and 0.20 for detecting any low-risk (LR) types, with significant differences in marginal proportions for HPV16, 51, 52, and any HR types. Discordant results were most often LiPA-positive, LA-negative. The parallel algorithm yielded the highest prevalence of any HPV type (95.7%). HR type prevalence was similar using parallel (93.1%) and serial (92.1%) approaches. HPV16, 33, and 52 prevalence was slightly lower using the serial algorithm, but the median number of HR types per woman (1) did not differ by algorithm. Using the serial algorithm, HPV DNA was detected in >85% of invasive and >95% of pre-invasive lesions. The most common type was HPV16, followed by 52, 18, 31, 33, and 35; HPV16/18 was detected in 56.5% of specimens. Multiple HPV types were more common in lower grade lesions. Conclusions We developed an efficient algorithm for testing and reporting results of two commercial assays for HPV detection and typing in FFPE specimens, and describe HPV type distribution in pre-invasive and invasive cervical lesions in a state-based sample prior to HPV vaccine introduction.
Reusability Test for Ceramic Crucibles as Liquid Cadmium Cathode Containers inPyroprocessing

The compatibility of various ceramic crucibles (AlN, BeO, and SiC) for repeated use in pyroprocessing was investigated. Each ceramic crucible loaded with liquid cadmium was immersed in molten chloride salt containing uranium and rare earth elements (Nd, Ce, and La) at 500 °C to perform an electrodeposition, followed by heating to 920°C to separate the metal deposits from Cd during distillation. Repeated process runs showed that the ceramic crucibles could be recycled and reused, more specifically, 7 times for AlN, >13 times for BeO, and 4 times for the SiC crucible. Considering the reactivity of ceramic materials with metal deposits as well as their durability at high temperature, the crucible composed of BeO was concluded to be suitable for use in electrorefining and distillation.
Multiple paths to aquatic specialisation in four species of Central American Anolis lizards

Aquatic anoles present an interesting ecomorphological puzzle. On the one hand, the link between habitat use and morphology is well established as convergent within the Caribbean anole radiation. On the other hand, aquatic anoles do not appear to form an ecomorphological group – rather, it appears that there may be several ways to adapt to aquatic habitats. We explore this issue by examining the ecology, morphology and performance of four species of Central American aquatic anoles belonging to two different lineages. Overall, we find that aquatic anoles overlap in multiple ecological and morphological dimensions. However, we do find some differences in substrate use, claw and limb morphology, and bite force that distinguish Anolis aquaticus from the other three species (A. lionotus, A. oxylophus and A. poecilopus). Our results suggest that A. aquaticus is adapted to climb on boulders, whereas the other species utilise vegetation in streamside habitats.