Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Joint Topology-Transparent Scheduling and QoS Routing in Ad Hoc Networks

This paper considers the problem of joint topologytransparent scheduling (TTS) and quality-of-service (QoS) routing in ad hoc networks and presents a joint scheme for the problem. Due to its ability to guarantee single-hop QoS support, TTS is chosen as the underlying medium-access-control (MAC) protocol. By being built on top of TTS, this paper first designs methods for bandwidth estimation and allocation (BWE and BWA, respectively) to provide QoS support without knowledge of slot status information, and then, estimates and allocates nonassigned eligible bandwidth for best effort (BE) flows. With these bandwidth management methods, this paper proposes a QoS routing protocol for a mixture of QoS and BE flows. Idealized simulation results based on the standard radio model, which ignores external sources of radio interference and protocol inefficiencies, reveal that the proposed joint scheme can provide a reduction of at least 93% in QoS violation rates and a reduction of 78%-89% in control overhead compared with the conventional dynamic source routing (DSR)/IEEE 802.11 technique. A comparison with another conventional technique, i.e., DSR/carrier sense multiple access (CSMA), also reveals that the proposed joint scheme can reduce QoS violation rates by at least 93%. In addition, the proposed joint scheme can provide an increase of 31%-104% in aggregate throughput over two representative QoS routing protocols while achieving a reduction of approximately 93% in QoS violation rates. The performance improvement to be achieved under a realistic radio model is yet to be determined.
Skin Intrinsic Fluorescence Correlates With Autonomic and Distal Symmetrical Polyneuropathy in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE To determine whether skin intrinsic fluorescence (SIF) was associated with autonomic neuropathy and confirmed distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (CDSP) in 111 individuals with type 1 diabetes (mean age 49 years, mean diabetes duration 40 years). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS SIF was measured using the SCOUT DM device. Autonomic neuropathy was defined as an electrocardiographic abnormal heart rate response to deep breathing (expiration-to-inspiration ratio <1.1). CDSP was defined using the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial clinical exam protocol (the presence of two or more of the following: symptoms, sensory and/or motor signs, and/or reduced/absent tendon reflexes consistent with DSP) confirmed by the presence of an abnormal age-specific vibratory threshold (using a Vibratron II tester). RESULTS The prevalence of autonomic neuropathy and CDSP were 61 and 66%, respectively. SIF was higher in those with autonomic neuropathy (P < 0.0001). In multivariable analyses controlling for age and updated mean (18-year average) HbA1c, and allowing for other univariately and clinically significant correlates of autonomic neuropathy, each SD change in SIF was associated with a 2.6-greater likelihood of autonomic neuropathy (P = 0.006). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses revealed that SIF and updated mean HbA1c accounted for 80 and 57%, respectively, of the area under the curve (AUC) for autonomic neuropathy. SIF also was higher in those with CDSP (P < 0.0001) and remained so in multivariable analyses (odds ratio 2.70; P = 0.005). ROC analyses revealed that SIF and updated mean HbA1c accounted for 78 and 59%, respectively, of the AUC for CDSP. CONCLUSIONS SIF, a marker of dermal advanced glycation end products, appears to be more strongly associated with the presence of both CDSP and autonomic neuropathy than mean HbA1c.
Haplotype variation and genotype imputation in African populations

Sub‐Saharan Africa has been identified as the part of the world with the greatest human genetic diversity. This high level of diversity causes difficulties for genome‐wide association (GWA) studies in African populations—for example, by reducing the accuracy of genotype imputation in African populations compared to non‐African populations. Here, we investigate haplotype variation and imputation in Africa, using 253 unrelated individuals from 15 Sub‐Saharan African populations. We identify the populations that provide the greatest potential for serving as reference panels for imputing genotypes in the remaining groups. Considering reference panels comprising samples of recent African descent in Phase 3 of the HapMap Project, we identify mixtures of reference groups that produce the maximal imputation accuracy in each of the sampled populations. We find that optimal HapMap mixtures and maximal imputation accuracies identified in detailed tests of imputation procedures can instead be predicted by using simple summary statistics that measure relationships between the pattern of genetic variation in a target population and the patterns in potential reference panels. Our results provide an empirical basis for facilitating the selection of reference panels in GWA studies of diverse human populations, especially those of African ancestry. Genet. Epidemiol. 35:766–780, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acting comparatively upon the educational world: puzzles and possibilities

This article suggests that the academic field of study called comparative education must always deal with the intellectual problems produced by the concept of context (the local, social embeddedness of educational phenomena) and transfer (the movement of educational ideas, policies and practices from one place to another, normally across a national boundary); and their relation. Considerable progress has been made, but these intellectual issues have not yet been fully sorted out despite the normal optimism—and the very powerful legitimation motif in the history of the field of study—about its ‘usefulness’: the special value of comparative education as a way of improving educational policy. The article suggests that the ideology of usefulness in the history of comparative education has helped to permit a whole range of intellectual, quasi‐intellectual, and rather practical activities to be gathered together under the umbrella name, ‘comparative education’ to the point where serious epistemological, ethical and political confusions are occurring. The article concludes by suggesting that it may be time for some fresh thinking about the intellectual shape of comparative education and its relations to educational policy. What are some of the simple questions which might help to clarify an agenda of possibilities?
Investigation of brain activation while listening to and playing music using fNIRS 1

This paper describes our preliminary investigation on musical brain activities using fNIRS. We conducted two sets of experiments on musical activities: 1) a comparison of activities in subjects hearing music but not paying attention to it, listening to music actively, and playing music using an interactive performance interface called iFP, and 2) an investigation of the effect of sound and vibration, and effect of a steering eurhythmics session, featuring a Japanese drum set. We observed decreases in brain activation in the dorsal prefrontal cortex (DPFC) when the subjects listened to their favorite music and when they played music with the use of an interface with which they had been accustomed. The decrease is regarded as indicating an immersive or absorbed sensation. In the second experiment, we observed more brain activation in the DPFC and the temporal cortex while the subjects were beating a genuine Japanese drum compared with while they were beating a toy drum pad. We also obtained data that support the idea that interactive play activates the DPFC.
A conceptual framework for the study of popularity in the workplace

Although popularity is a salient social phenomenon influencing individuals during their school-age years, little research has considered popularity as a factor affecting employee attitudes and behaviors in organizational settings. To address this void, and to stimulate and guide research on employee popularity, I develop a model of popularity relevant to the workplace. I discuss the concept of popularity and differentiate it from other organizational concepts. Drawing from theories of self-categorization and social capital, I propose workplace antecedents and outcomes of popularity, along with boundary conditions of the proposed relationships. Finally, I discuss theoretical and empirical implications of examining popularity in the workplace. In doing so, I demonstrate how the consideration of popularity can extend theory and research on behavior in organizations.
[Conservative surgical treatment of pulmonary hydatid disease in children].

BACKGROUND Hydatide disease is endemic in sheep and cattle-raising areas world wide. Its prevalence is also high in the Mediterranean region including Bosnia and Herzegovina. OBJECTIVE Retrospective appraisal of the presentation, approach to surgical treatment and outcome of hydatid disease in children at the Clinic for Thoracic Surgery UCC Sarajevo between January 2000 and January 2007. PATIENTS AND METHODS We surgically treated 58 patients (48 male, 10 female) with a diagnosis of pulmonary hydatid disease with average age of 11,36 +/- 3,78 (range 4 to 15) years. Chest radiographs, computed tomograms and ultrasonography were the main methods of diagnosis. The basic principle of surgery was to preserve lung parenchyme as much as possible. RESULTS Clinical assessment of the symptoms, plain and lateral chest X-rays and computed tomograms led to the correct diagnosis in 100,0% (58/58) of patients. Solitary lung cyst was found in 68,97% (40/58) patients while the remaining 31,03% (18/58) were multiple cysts in one or more lobes of one or both lungs. Intact cysts were found in 51,35% (38/74) and ruptured cysts in 48,65% (36/74) cases. Lung preserving surgical interventions were done in all of the patients. Postoperative complications were seen in 5,17% (3/58) patients. There was no mortality. Recurrent hydatid cysts were observed in 3,45% (2/58) patients. CONCLUSION Lung preserving surgical interventions are the treatment of choice for pulmonary hydatid cysts in children. Radical surgical procedures such as segmentectomy, lobectomy and pneumonectomy should be avoided as much as possible.
Viewing the Abusive Parent and the Abused Child as Captor and Hostage

The authors draw attention to the fact that many behavioral characteristics found in the terrorist/hostage literature appear to have a parallel in the behavior of the abuser and abused child. These include similar personality characteristics, circumstances around the violence, and beliefs held by both the terrorist and the abuser, as well as similar defensive behavior adopted by the hostage and the abused child. Insights into the reality of the abusive experience can be gained when viewed from the perspective of captor/hostage theory. If the theory can be supported by empirical evidence, different approaches to intervention in child abuse will be implied.
International Business, Morality, and the Common Good

The author sets out a realist defense of the claim that in the absence of an international enforcement agency, multinational corporations operating in a competitive international environment cannot be said to have a moral obligation to contribute to the international common good, provided that interactions are nonrepetitive and provided effective signals of agent reliability are not possible. Examples of international common goods that meet these conditions are support of the global ozone layer and avoidance of the global greenhouse effect. Pointing out that the conclusion that multinationals have no moral obligations in these areas is deplorable, the author urges the establishment of an international enforcement agency.
Memory conformity: Can eyewitnesses influence each other's memories for an event?

The current study investigated memory conformity effects between individuals who witness and then discuss a criminal event, employing a novel procedure whereby each member of a dyad watches a different video of the same event. Each video contained unique items that were thus seen only by one witness. Dyads in one condition were encouraged to discuss the event before each witness (individually) performed a recall test, while in a control condition dyads were not allowed to discuss the event prior to recall. A significant proportion (71%) of witnesses who had discussed the event went on to mistakenly recall items acquired during the discussion. There were no age-related differences in susceptibility to these memory conformity effects in younger (18–30 years) as compared to older (60–80 years) participants. Possible social and cognitive mechanisms underlying the distortions of memory due to conformity are discussed.
Cultural capital and school success: The impact of status-culture participation on the grades of U.S. high-school students

Ethnographers and other students of interaction have documented the impact of status factors on students' success in school. Yet survey research data consistently show the absence of family background measure effects on high school grades. It is argued that conventional measures of family background fail to capture those cultural elements of status that make a difference in school interactions. Drawing on Weber's work on status groups and status cultures, and on Bourdieu's work on cultural capital, this paper reports the findings of an effort to assess the impact of one component of 'status culture participation-cultural capital-on one aspect of life chances-students' high school grades. A composite measure of cultural capital has a significant impact on grades, controlling for family background and measured ability. The pattern of relationships, however, differs strikingly by gender. It takes more than measured ability to do well in school. From Warner et al. (1944) and Hollingshead (1949) to Coleman (1961) and Cicourel and Kitsuse (1963), ethnographers have chronicled the impact of class on almost every aspect of the experience of American high school students. More recently, ethnomethodologists and constituent ethnographers have documented the impact of cultural styles on students' relationships with counselors (Erickson, 1975), test scores (Mehan, 1974), and classroom instruction (McDermott, 1977). Similarly, recent work in the status attainment tradition finds that measured intelligence explains no more than 15 to 30 percent of the variation in students' high school grades (Crouse et al., 1979; Sewell and Hauser, 1975). At the same time, however, measures of family socioeconomic status have been found to have a negligible impact on grades when
Beyond advanced stages in high-level spoken L2 French

The aim of this study is twofold: first, to find evidence for additional advanced stages in L2 French. The continuum of Bartning and Schlyter (2004) is taken as a point of departure. It is hypothesized that a number of linguistic criteria will account for high-level proficiency. It was earlier found that besides morpho-syntax, formulaic sequences and information structure are interesting phenomena for highly proficient learners (Bartning, Forsberg and Hancock, 2009). Three more measures are now added, i.e. perceived nativelikeness, lexical richness and fluency. The second aim of this study is to contribute to the debate on the possibility of nativelike attainment. The study shows that several measures are prone to characterise nativelike performance in highly proficient users among whom some attain nativelikeness.
Exploring the Necessary Conditions for Evaluation Use in Program Change

Research has identified a wide range of factors that affect evaluation use but continues to be inconclusive as to their relative importance. This article addresses the complex phenomenon of evaluation use in three ways: first, it draws on recent conceptual developments to delimitate the examined form of use; second, it aims at identifying conditions that are necessary but not necessarily sufficient for evaluation use; third, it combines mechanisms of evaluation use, context conditions, and actor perceptions. The study reported here examines the use of 11 program and project evaluations by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). The article makes use of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), a method that is well suited to the study of context-bound necessity. It is concluded that the analysis of conditions that are necessary to trigger mechanisms of evaluation use in certain contexts is challenging, but promising to face the complexity of the phenomenon.
Katharine Galloway Young, Taleworlds and storyrealms: The phenomenology of narrative . Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1987. Pp. xiv + 268.

In Taleworlds and Storyrealms, Katharine Young embarks on something of an extended meditation on the implications of work by Erving Goffman, Maurice Natanson, and Harvey Sacks for research into the phenomenological underpinnings of oral storytelling. She is particularly concerned with the manner in which formal devices (frames, orientations, beginnings, ends, and the like) are used by narrators in creating ontologically distinct "realms" and shaping the relationship between them. Although Young's interest lies mainly in theoretical issues, she analyzes a number of stories that she recorded in a parish on the edge of Dartmoor, Devonshire, England. The book develops a three-way distinction intended to show how narrative forms an enclave in conversation. The Taleworld is "a realm of events not present to the storytelling occasion at all but conjured up for the occasion by the story" (211). The realm of conversation consists of the exchange of utterance turns that forms the backdrop for the emergence of a story. Between these two spheres Young finds the Storyrealm, which is created by connections among elements within the story. She argues that the emergence of a narrative can be viewed from any one of these perspectives, thus revealing a different "realm status," which is defined as "the ontological presentation that distinguishes stories from other orders of event" (x). Acknowledging a large debt to Goffman, Young is centrally concerned with four types of narrative frames: (a) those that specify the realm status of the story or (b) the events it relates, and (c) frames that evaluate the story or (d) the events it discloses. She uses these distinctions in discussing the narrative functions of a number of formal devices that she draws primarily from Sacks and other conversation analysts, Labov and Waletzky (1967) and Goffman. Elements that appear to be virtually identical have, she argues, quite different phenomenological consequences for storytelling. Young suggests, for example, that beginnings and ends relate to events in the Taleworld, whereas openings and closings frame the start and finish of the story (31). She similarly suggests that codas are frames that come immediately after a story and serve to mediate between the Storyrealm and the realm of conversation (43). Whereas elements such as closings are used by narrators to discriminate between realms, codas create continuities between adjacent realms. Orientations similarly "point from the context of the story to the context of the events, from hearers to hearings, and tie them together" (51). In later chapters, Young's attention shifts somewhat away from the examination of such formal devices to consider the nature of context, the relationship between multiple stories that are told in a single session, and the reality status of realms (from fantastic to everyday). In the eyes of this reviewer, the contribution of the book is primarily
Toward a New Framework of "Server" and "Served": De(and Re)constructing Reciprocity in Service-Learning Pedagogy.

This article problemetizes the contemporary view of reciprocity and offers a philosophical foundation for an enriched view based on Dewey’s critique of early stimulus-response theory in psychology and his view of democracy. We situate the argument for reconsidering the provider/recipient model of service learning in the context of a collaboration between a university and school serving children 5-9 years old while implementing an after-school tutoring program. We develop and describe the traditional and enriched models of reciprocity and create a vision for the future establishment of similar collaborations.
Advances and prospects in SAR missions and instruments

Current and future interferometric SAR satellite missions are faced with different strong requirements: precise orbit measurement, a large amount of data to be acquired and operationally processed and a high accuracy of the final products. The article gives an exemplary overview about experiences with the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) as one of the most advanced SAR missions. We focus on calibration and interferometric processing and address different aspects such as error influences, algorithms and computational environment.
The Relationship among Causal Attributions, Learning Strategies and Level of Achievement: A Hong Kong Chinese Study

Abstract The relationship between causal attributions, motives and learning strategies and their influence as determinants of achievement was investigated. Two hundred and thirty seven grade 9 high‐ and low‐achieving students from Anglo‐Chinese schools responded to the Academic Achievement Attribution and Learning Process Questionnaires. Both groups attributed academic success and failure more to internal than external causes, but high achievers were higher on achieving motive and approach to learning and low achievers were higher on surface motive and approach. The results of path analysis revealed that the influence of attributions on achievement was mediated by students’ motives and strategies for learning. Findings and implications are discussed in relation to the social and cultural context of Hong Kong. Descriptors: Causal attributions and learning strategies of Chinese students.
Visualizing interactive and shared debugging sessions

Debugging sessions require a methodical process of finding causes and reducing the number of software problems. During such sessions, developers run a software project, traversing method invocations, setting breakpoints, stopping or restarting executions. In these sessions, developers explore different parts of the code and create knowledge about them. When debugging sessions are over, it is likely that such knowledge is lost, and developers cannot use it in other sessions or sharing it with collaborators. We have developed Swarm Debugging, a new approach for visualizing and sharing information obtained during debugging sessions, providing interactive and real-time visualization techniques, and several searching tools. Through usage scenarios, we demonstrate that it can aid developers to decrease the required time for deciding where to toggle a break-point and locate bug causes. We show how Swarm Debugging offers more useful support for many typical development tasks than a traditional debugger tool.
Liberalism-Conservatism in Samples of Social Work Students and Professionals

Social work master's students (n = 152) and employed M.S.W. 's (N = 111) ranked the two sets of eighteen values of the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS). Comparisons with the rankings of subgroups of Rokeach's national probapility sample and the rankings of a random sample of Colorado NASW members support assumptions that (1) social work respondents are more liberal than the general American population and age and social class peers, and (2) Pittsburgh-area social work students and professionals possess a value system most similar to other social work respondents. The study's central prediction is confirmed by the finding of a higher Value Conservatism (VC) score for 1979-80 respondents than comparable 1975 respondets (P < 001). Sampling and statistical precautions are taken to preclude the influence of likely extraneous factors such as age, gender, and specifialization. A speculative interpretation of overall value system differences is offered, and policy questions of potential importance are listed.