Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Signal-to-noise ratio in x ray dark-field imaging using a grating interferometer

In this work, we report an analytical and experimental investigation of the signal-to-noise ratio for a recently developed method called x ray dark-field imaging. Our approach is based on the propagation of signal and noise through the reconstruction algorithm. We find that the statistical nature of the dark-field images can be understood by a Rician distribution. The analysis shows that, for high flux, the noise in the dark-field images is proportional to the noise in the raw data. In the limit of low flux and, thus, low signal-to-noise ratio, the dark-field signal exhibits a breakdown of the signal transmission, which can be described by an asymptotic behavior of the underlying noise distribution. In this limit, the dark-field signal is no longer connected to the coherence degradation, but rather to the attenuation in the sample. The model is verified in exemplary test measurements using a compact laboratory setup with a polychromatic source and a photon counting detector.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PROFILE MATCHING METHOD FOR THE BEST EMPLOYEE SELECTION SYSTEM PT. JENDELA DIGITAL INDONESIA

The implementation of profile matching method in selecting the best employees at PT Jendela Digital Indonesia aims to assist managers in making decisions with the right calculations and criteria. Employees are one of the factors that play an important role in advancing the company. Employee performance affects the company in obtaining profits. To spur employee performance, the company selects the best employees every period by giving appreciation and bonuses to selected employees. This selection system using three criteria, namely aspects of cooperation, work performance, and personality. These criteria will be used for calculations using the Profile Matching method. There are five employees who will be submitted to the selection of the best employees in this company. All criteria are given a GAP value and then will provide a ranking. The largest final score will be at the top of the ranking, followed by a smaller final score. The results of this research show that this method can provide results that assist managers in making decisions about the best employees according to the criteria desired by the company.
Role of Boarding School in Improving Arabic Language Skills

This research is focused on the role of boarding school to improve students' Arabic language skills at MAN 2 Palu. It is aimed at exploring the steps to improve their language skills and the methods and strategies used to improve Arabic language skills. The study uses field research with a qualitative descriptive design combined with observation data, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the role of boarding schools is very big in improving the ability of students ability to speak Arabic with well-organized and steps such as tutoring activities in the afternoon and evening, habituation in Arabic, memorizing mufradât at dawn, giving sanctions in the form of memorizing vocabulary, and the existence of a language improvement team that works to monitor participants' discipline in using Arabic. The discussion method in learning Arabic, and the grammar and translation method in the guidance of the kitab kuning study at night. While the strategy used is to provide a lot of linguistic exercises, such as Arabic speech and drama exercises in Arabic.
Effect of lock down due to COVID-19 pandemic on the alcohol use and abuse among a tribal community in South India

ABSTRACT Background: Alcohol consumption in the tribal communities is found to be rising, as Indian-made foreign liquor (IMFL) is easily accessible through state-run outlets. During the first coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown, despite IMFL being non-available, there were not any reports of alcohol withdrawal among the tribal men who were enrolled in our substance abuse clinic. Methodology: This is a community-based, mixed-method study to document the changes during the lockdown in the drinking pattern and behavior of families and communities of men who consume alcohol. The quantitative part of the study was done by interviewing 45 alcohol-dependent men and documenting their alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) scores during the lockdown. The qualitative part captured the changes in familial and social behavior. Focused group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among community members and leaders. In-depth interviews (IDs) were done among men with harmful drinking patterns and their spouses. Results: There was a significant reduction in the consumption of IMFL among the men interviewed as depicted by the low mean AUDIT score (16.42, P < 0.001). Trivial withdrawal symptoms were found among them (67%). Around 73.3% could access arrack. The community perceived that arrack was brewed and sold at a higher cost within days of lockdown. Familial conflicts reduced. Certain community leaders and members could proactively curb the brewing and selling of arrack. Conclusion: The study uniquely brought out in depth the information at the individual, familial, and community contexts. It is imperative to develop policies to protect indigenous populations by different rules governing the sales of alcohol.
Theoretical estimate of the tube-wave modulus in arbitrarily anisotropic media: Comparisons between semianalytical, FEM, and approximate solutions

ABSTRACTWe revisit an exact, quasi-static, semianalytical solution for the effective tube-wave modulus for any borehole orientation relative to an anisotropic medium of arbitrary symmetry and strength. This exact solution agrees very well with the one computed from a finite-element model (FEM). We compare the exact solution with several analytical approximations for well deviations from vertical to horizontal and for different transversely isotropic media. For elliptic media, we show that the Rice and Chi-Tang approximations are in accordance with the exact solution because they depend only on the horizontal and vertical shear-wave velocity. For anelliptic media, we show that the maximum difference between the exact solution and the Norris-Sinha or Chi-Tang perturbation approximation becomes increasingly significant with increasing degree of anellipticity and shear-wave anisotropy with a maximum error of 5%, 10%, and 18% for Thomsen parameters less than 0.25, 0.4, and 0.6, respectively.
Cytoarchitecture of Mudskipper (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) Brain

Mudskippers are intertidal burrowing fish with unique living habits. So far, studies on the cytoarchitecture of the brain in fish with such behaviors remain limited. Therefore, documenting the neuroanatomy of this animal is of interest because of its unique characteristics. In this study, we examined the cytoarchitecture of mudskipper (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) brain and investigated whether it has any peculiarities in its brain structures. In general, the basic composition, morphology, and organization of mudskipper brain do not vary markedly from those of other teleosts. The main differences appear in the telencephalon and diencephalon. In addition to Nissl staining, immunostainings for catecholaminergic and cholinergic systems were performed to help identify certain nuclei. The results showed that the number of subdivisions of the central division of pallium, lateral division of pallium, and medial division of pallium were different with other teleost species. In addition, some diencephalic nuclei, including the nucleus subglomerulosus, lateral thalamic nucleus, and intermediate superficial pretectal nucleus, were absent, which suggests the corresponding functions, such as visual or gustatory function, are less developed or specialized in B. pectinirostris. These results will provide a fundamental neuroanatomical basis for future studies on neuroendocrine regulation of behavior in intertidal burrowing fish.
Core–Shell Fe3O4@C Nanoparticles for the Organic Dye Adsorption and Targeted Magneto-Mechanical Destruction of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells

The morphology, structure, and magnetic properties of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@C nanoparticles, as well their effectiveness for organic dye adsorption and targeted destruction of carcinoma cells, were studied. The nanoparticles exhibited a high magnetic saturation value (79.4 and 63.8 emu/g, correspondingly) to facilitate magnetic separation. It has been shown that surface properties play a key role in the adsorption process. Both types of organic dyes—cationic (Rhodomine C) and anionic (Congo Red and Eosine)—were well adsorbed by the Fe3O4 nanoparticles’ surface, and the adsorption process was described by the polymolecular adsorption model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 58, 22, and 14 mg/g for Congo Red, Eosine, and Rhodomine C, correspondingly. In this case, the kinetic data were described well by the pseudo-first-order model. Carbon-coated particles selectively adsorbed only cationic dyes, and the adsorption process for Methylene Blue was described by the Freundlich model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 14 mg/g. For the case of Rhodomine C, the adsorption isotherm has a polymolecular character with a maximum adsorption capacity of 34 mg/g. To realize the targeted destruction of the carcinoma cells, the Fe3O4@C nanoparticles were functionalized with aptamers, and an experiment on the Ehrlich ascetic carcinoma cells’ destruction was carried out successively using a low-frequency alternating magnetic field. The number of cells destroyed as a result of their interaction with Fe3O4@C nanoparticles in an alternating magnetic field was 27%, compared with the number of naturally dead control cells of 6%.
Linear and volume compressibilities and isothermal third‐order elastic constants

Bridgman measured the changes in the dimensions or volume of many crystals as a function of hydrostatic pressure P. He expressed the change in volume ΔV from the original volume V as ΔV/V=−a′P+b′P2, where a′ and b′ are elastic constants. Murnaghan’s theory of finite deformations relates the constant b′ to combinations of second‐ and third‐order elastic constants. Bridgman’s experimental work may be compared to values computed from published values of the third‐order elastic constants. While the agreement is not close, Bridgman’s work may be useful for materials for which no other experimental values exist.
Time and Distance Cost of Longer Acting Anti-VEGF Therapies for Macular Degeneration: Contributions to Drug Cost Comparisons

Purpose To evaluate the holistic cost of longer acting anti-VEGF therapy for macular degeneration when considering the associated costs of travel to the retina clinic. Design Theoretical evaluation of cost using publicly available pricing data and reimbursements at the Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center. Patients and Methods Setting: VA Medical Center. Study population: Patients with age related macular degeneration. Main outcome measures: Three-year cost of therapy when considering medication as well as travel costs and time spent in transit. Results Based on cost data derived purely from wholesale acquisition cost and projected injection frequency over the first three years of treatment, faricimab is less expensive than ranibizumab and aflibercept by $37,709 and $6359, respectively. Aflibercept is less expensive ranibizumab by $31,350 over the first 3 years of treatment. When considering even small distances traveled by patients, these cost differences grow, amplified at even larger distances: at 25 miles, ranibizumab becomes $38,814 and $32,133 more expensive than faricimab and aflibercept, respectively. Aflibercept becomes $6681 more expensive than faricimab. At 100 miles, ranibizumab becomes $41,502 and $34,038 more expensive than faricimab and aflibercept, respectively. Aflibercept becomes $7464 more expensive than faricimab. Conclusion Longer acting anti-VEGF therapies may differ not only in their wholesale acquisition cost, but also in the frequency of per label injections and associated clinic visits. Taking into account distance and time cost of travel may contribute to a more holistic view of cost differences among these therapies.
Transient thermoreflectance from thin metal films

New exotic materials such as amorphous alloys and superlattices are often deposited as thin films onto substrates thereby complicating conventional thermal transport measurements. Transient thermoreflectance (TTR) allows measurements on thin films by the generation of ultrafast heating and time-resolved measurements of the thermally induced reflectivity change on a picosecond time scale. Typically, the penetration depth of visible light in a metal is ~20 nm, and thermal diffusion out of this region occurs in a few hundred picoseconds. Therefore, for film thicknesses of ~100 nm or greater, the TTR measurement can be completed before substrate effects become important. Since the heating depth is small compared to the diameter of the illuminated surface, a 1-D heat flow model can be fitted to our measurements with the thermal diffusivity as a free parameter. We have made TTR measurements on sputtered and evaporated nickel, iron, and zirconium films with thickness between 100 and 500 nm. Deposition-induced disorder decreases the thermal diffusivity of the Fe and Ni, in agreement with electrical conductivity measurements. The Zr film exhibits anomalous behavior possibly indicative of a breakdown in the Wiedemann-Franz law. The extension of this technique to composite films is also discussed.
Dupilumab in Adults and Adolescents with Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

BACKGROUND Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, blocks interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 signaling, which have key roles in eosinophilic esophagitis. METHODS We conducted a three-part, phase 3 trial in which patients 12 years of age or older underwent randomization in a 1:1 ratio to receive subcutaneous dupilumab at a weekly dose of 300 mg or placebo (Part A) or in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive 300 mg of dupilumab either weekly or every 2 weeks or weekly placebo (Part B) up to week 24. Eligible patients who completed Part A or Part B continued the trial in Part C, in which those who completed Part A received dupilumab at a weekly dose of 300 mg up to week 52 (the Part A-C group); Part C that included the eligible patients from Part B is ongoing. The two primary end points at week 24 were histologic remission (≤6 eosinophils per high-power field) and the change from baseline in the Dysphagia Symptom Questionnaire (DSQ) score (range, 0 to 84, with higher values indicating more frequent or more severe dysphagia). RESULTS In Part A, histologic remission occurred in 25 of 42 patients (60%) who received weekly dupilumab and in 2 of 39 patients (5%) who received placebo (difference, 55 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 40 to 71; P<0.001). In Part B, histologic remission occurred in 47 of 80 patients (59%) with weekly dupilumab, in 49 of 81 patients (60%) with dupilumab every 2 weeks, and in 5 of 79 patients (6%) with placebo (difference between weekly dupilumab and placebo, 54 percentage points; 95% CI, 41 to 66 [P<0.001]; difference between dupilumab every 2 weeks and placebo, 56 percentage points; 95% CI, 43 to 69 [not significant per hierarchical testing]). The mean (±SD) DSQ scores at baseline were 33.6±12.41 in Part A and 36.7±11.22 in Part B; the scores improved with weekly dupilumab as compared with placebo, with differences of -12.32 (95% CI, -19.11 to -5.54) in Part A and -9.92 (95% CI, -14.81 to -5.02) in Part B (both P<0.001) but not with dupilumab every 2 weeks (difference in Part B, -0.51; 95% CI, -5.42 to 4.41). Serious adverse events occurred in 9 patients during the Part A or B treatment period (in 7 who received weekly dupilumab, 1 who received dupilumab every 2 weeks, and 1 who received placebo) and in 1 patient in the Part A-C group during the Part C treatment period who received placebo in Part A and weekly dupilumab in Part C. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, subcutaneous dupilumab administered weekly improved histologic outcomes and alleviated symptoms of the disease. (Funded by Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03633617.).
Psychometric Properties of the Questionnaire Covid-19 Stress on the Romanian Community Sample

The objective of the present research is to adapt the 36-item COVID-19 Stress Rating Scales to the Romanian population. It is a self-report scale used to assess the stress caused by COVID-19 through six dimensions: Danger, Socio-economic consequences, Xenophobia, Contamination, Traumatic stress, Verification. A total of 160 medically qualified participants, aged 19-59 years, completed a socio-demographic data sheet and the COVID-19 Stress Rating Scales. A high internal consistency was obtained for the 6 scales of the instrument, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients in the range 0.74-0.86. Exploratory factor analysis and Confirmatory factor analysis were also evaluated. The results indicate that the Romanian version of the CSS has good psychometric properties, being a suitable instrument for the assessment of stress caused by COVID-19.
A method of finite element tearing and interconnecting and its parallel solution algorithm

A novel domain decomposition approach for the parallel finite element solution of equilibrium equations is presented. The spatial domain is partitioned into a set of totally disconnected subdomains, each assigned to an individual processor. Lagrange multipliers are introduced to enforce compatibility at the interface nodes. In the static case, each floating subdomain induces a local singularity that is resolved in two phases. First, the rigid body modes are eliminated in parallel from each local problem and a direct scheme is applied concurrently to all subdomains in order to recover each partial local solution. Next, the contributions of these modes are related to the Lagrange multipliers through an orthogonality condition. A parallel conjugate projected gradient algorithm is developed for the solution of the coupled system of local rigid modes components and Lagrange multipliers, which completes the solution of the problem. When implemented on local memory multiprocessors, this proposed method of tearing and interconnecting requires less interprocessor communications than the classical method of substructuring. It is also suitable for parallel/vector computers with shared memory. Moreover, unlike parallel direct solvers, it exhibits a degree of parallelism that is not limited by the bandwidth of the finite element system of equations.
Development of the Chromatographic Method for Simultaneous Determination of Azaperone and Azaperol in Animal Kidneys and Livers

A precise and accurate method for the simultaneous determination of azaperone and azaperol in meat tissues has been developed. This paper describes the first method to be so fast, simple, and useful, especially for many laboratories that do not have sophisticated equipment. This method is based on LC separation and UV-Vis detection. During the sample preparation, the meat tissue was homogenized in acetonitrile at a ratio of 1:4 (tissue weight:acetonitrile volume). The homogenate was centrifuged, the supernatant was evaporated in a lyophilizator, and then the evaporation residue was dissolved in 20 µL of ethanol. For deproteinization, 15 µL of perchloric acid was added, and the sample prepared in this way was injected into a chromatographic column and analyzed using reversed-phased HPLC. The mobile phase consisted of 0.05 mol/L phosphate buffer pH 3.00 (component A) and acetonitrile (component B). UV detection was conducted at 245 nm. The experimentally determined LOQs were 0.25 µg/kg for azaperone and 0.12 µg/kg for azaperol. For both analytes, the calibration curves showed linearity in the tested concentration range from 50 to 300 µg/kg of tissue. The accuracy of the presented method did not exceed 15%, and the recovery was in the range of 85–115%. A validated analytical procedure was implemented for the analysis of various animal tissues for their content of azaperone and azaperol.
The Relation Between Updated Implicit Evaluations and the Trust Game

Recent work has shown that people can update their implicit evaluations based on facial trustworthiness. However, do these updated implicit evaluations map onto subsequent decisions? We examined whether implicit evaluations based on faces but updated in light of new behavioral evidence uniquely predict responses in the trust game. Across six studies (N = 2,059), we measured participants’ initial implicit evaluations of a target based on the target’s face and then their updated implicit evaluations based on newly learned behavioral evidence. We then tested whether these updated implicit evaluations uniquely predicted (i.e., beyond explicit evaluations) responses in a hypothetical trust game. Although participants consistently based their initial evaluations on the face and updated their evaluations after learning new diagnostic information, their updated implicit evaluations did not uniquely predict their responses in the trust game. We discuss theoretical considerations in this article.
Bandwidth enhancement design of single-layer slotted circular microstrip antennas

By loading properly arranged slots in a single-layer circular microstrip antenna, the novel bandwidth enhancement design is proposed and experimentally studied by using a single probe feed. For the proposed broadband design, a pair of narrow arc-shaped slots is close to the side edges of the circular patch and connected with a narrow rectangular slot oriented along the excited surface current direction of the fundamental resonant mode of the unslotted circular patch. By properly adjusting the narrow rectangular slot's length, broadband operation of the proposed circular microstrip antenna near its fundamental resonant mode can be achieved. And, it is found that the obtained impedance bandwidth in the proposed design can be greater than 2.3 times that of a conventional unslotted circular microstrip antenna. Details of the proposed antenna designs are described, and typical experimental results are presented and discussed.
Development of a Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Carbon-Paste Electrode for the Detection of Congo Red Dye

In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were electrodeposited on samples of a carbon-paste electrode (CPE) with different thicknesses. The prepared AuNPs were characterized using different analysis techniques, such as FTIR, UV–Vis, SEM, EDX, TEM images, and XRD analysis. The fabricated modified electrode AuNPs/CPE was used for the sensitive detection of Congo red (CR) dye. Electrochemical sensing was conducted using square-wave voltammetry (SWV) in a 0.1 M acetate buffer solution at pH 6.5. The proposed sensor exhibited high efficiency for the electrochemical determination of CR dye with high selectivity and sensitivity and a low detection limit of 0.07 μM in the concentration range of 1–30 μM and 0.7 μM in the concentration range of 50–200 μM. The practical application of the AuNPs/CPE was verified by detecting CR dye in various real samples involving jelly, candy, wastewater, and tap water. The calculated recoveries (88–106%) were within the acceptable range.