Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Arabic semantic opinion mining: identifying opinion, polarity and intensity

Arabic opinion mining is a challenging task because Arabic is morphologically and semantically rich language. In this paper, we are interested in analyzing opinions in Arabic news articles. We propose to use a machine learning technique to classify opinions or sentiments at the expression level. Our approach involves determining the semantic category of the expression. It also includes the classification of the opinion expression into positive or negative and the classification of its intensity into high, medium and low. Our method relies on wide range of features which are used in the literature like n-grams, morphological, stylistic features, etc. In addition, we propose new features inspired from contextual, semantic information and others specific for Arabic language. In the same context, we try to have a good contribution in opinion mining in Arabic by proposing to use Conditional Random Fields as a discriminative model. We carry out many experiments by combining at the same time different set of features to find the best combination that yield the best results. We evaluate our method at the expression level using a corpus of Arabic news articles. Our method achieves a good result that reaches 84.93% for contextual polarity classification and 87.54% for semantic opinion expression categorization.
The changing character of the medical profession.

At t h e v e r y t i m e w h e n p h y s i c i a n s c a n d i a g n o s e the inner reaches of the brain with magnets, disintegrate kidney stones using sound waves instead of scalpels, and com­ mand an increasingly impressive technology, the profession is feeling besieged (Stoeckle 1988). Although trust and respect are still in evidence, malpractice suits abound. The institutional and technical character of medical work has become so complex that it threatens to make physicians an appendage to rather than master of their technology (Arney 1982). Perhaps of even greater significance, the medical profession is no longer exempt from antitrust law (Rosoff 1979), a change implying that disinterestedness is no longer perceived as the distinguishing difference between doctors and businessmen, as Talcott Parsons (1954, 34-49) maintained in 1939Health care corporations (which appear now to include most old-fashioned community hospitals) are openly concerned about profits or surpluses, and the front office monitors the financial performance of clinicians with increased stringency. Meanwhile, nonhealth corporations have rebelled against the escalating premiums for health insurance (Goldsmith 1984; Fruen 1986; Gabel et al. 1987). Joined by Medicare, Medicaid, and other institutional buyers, they
Mild hearing loss can cause apparent memory failures which increase with age and reduce with IQ.

Rabbit (1968) tested the accuracy with which young adults with excellent hearing could repeat lists of numbers, words or continuous text which they heard over a system which maintained a constant ratio of white noise to speech signal irrespective of signal strength. Noise levels which allowed individual subjects correctly to repeat every word as they heard it (i.e. shadow without errors) nevertheless reduced their ability to remember what they had heard. This appeared to be because increased effort necessary to recognise words through low levels of noise prevented adequate rehearsal or elaborative encoding of material to be remembered. This finding that slight degradation of sensory input had secondary consequences on memory and comprehension of spoken material led to an interpretation of findings that 960 individuals aged from 50 to 82 years, in contrast to young adults, showed markedly better recall for word lists presented visually than for word lists presented auditorally, even when each word in each list was correctly read or repeated aloud. Audiometric screening of a sub-set of this population allowed 30 individuals with mild hearing losses (35 to 50 db) in each of the three age-decades 50 to 59, 60 to 69 and 70 to 79 years to be compared with matched controls who had pure-tone hearing losses of less than 35 db on memory for lists of 30 words presented visually or over a good-quality sound system. In both presentation modes lists were only scored if all words were correctly read or repeated. Individuals with slight hearing loss recalled visually presented words as well, but recalled auditorally presented words significantly less well, than their controls. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Direction of transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus 1 in the primate motor system is strain-dependent.

We examined the axonal transport of two strains of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) within the central nervous system of cebus monkeys. Each strain was injected into the "arm area" of the primary motor cortex. One strain, HSV-1(McIntyre-B), was transported transneuronally in the retrograde direction. It infected neurons at sites known to project to the arm area of the primary motor cortex (e.g., ventrolateral thalamus). In addition, "second-order" neurons were labeled in the deep cerebellar nuclei (dentate and interpositus) and in the globus pallidus (internal segment). This result supports the concept that the arm area of the primary motor cortex is a target of both cerebellar and basal ganglia output. In contrast, the other strain, HSV-1(H129), was transported transneuronally in the anterograde direction. It infected neurons at sites known to receive input from the arm area of the primary motor cortex (e.g., putamen, pontine nuclei). In addition, "third-order" neurons were labeled in the cerebellar cortex (granule and Golgi cells) and in the globus pallidus (largely the external segment). Our observations suggest that strain differences have an important impact on the direction of transneuronal transport of HSV-1. Furthermore, it should be possible to examine the organization of cerebellar and basal ganglia loops with cerebral cortex by exploiting transneuronal transport of HSV-1 and virus strain differences.
Solutions of type IIB and D=11 supergravity with Schrödinger (z) symmetry

We construct families of supersymmetric solutions of type IIB and D = 11 supergravity that are invariant under the non-relativistic Schrodinger(z) algebra for various values of the dynamical exponent z. The new solutions are based on five- and seven-dimensional Sasaki-Einstein manifolds, respectively, and include supersymmetric solutions with z = 2.
Transcriptional Regulation of Chemical Diversity in Aspergillus fumigatus by LaeA

Secondary metabolites, including toxins and melanins, have been implicated as virulence attributes in invasive aspergillosis. Although not definitively proved, this supposition is supported by the decreased virulence of an Aspergillus fumigatus strain, ΔlaeA, that is crippled in the production of numerous secondary metabolites. However, loss of a single LaeA-regulated toxin, gliotoxin, did not recapitulate the hypovirulent ΔlaeA pathotype, thus implicating other toxins whose production is governed by LaeA. Toward this end, a whole-genome comparison of the transcriptional profile of wild-type, ΔlaeA, and complemented control strains showed that genes in 13 of 22 secondary metabolite gene clusters, including several A. fumigatus–specific mycotoxin clusters, were expressed at significantly lower levels in the ΔlaeA mutant. LaeA influences the expression of at least 9.5% of the genome (943 of 9,626 genes in A. fumigatus) but positively controls expression of 20% to 40% of major classes of secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes such as nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), polyketide synthases, and P450 monooxygenases. Tight regulation of NRPS-encoding genes was highlighted by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR analysis. In addition, expression of a putative siderophore biosynthesis NRPS (NRPS2/sidE) was greatly reduced in the ΔlaeA mutant in comparison to controls under inducing iron-deficient conditions. Comparative genomic analysis showed that A. fumigatus secondary metabolite gene clusters constitute evolutionarily diverse regions that may be important for niche adaptation and virulence attributes. Our findings suggest that LaeA is a novel target for comprehensive modification of chemical diversity and pathogenicity.
Comprehensive imperfection mitigation for precoded OFDM systems

This paper proposes a comprehensive solution to reduce peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), cancel out-of-band emission (OOBE), and alleviate the impact of phase noise for precoded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Making use of the cancellation and pilot symbols and subcarriers in both data and frequency domains, this solution integrates a number of novel schemes to overcome OFDM's inherent drawbacks and mitigate practical impairments for high speed wireless communications. These schemes include a layered precoding structure, a low complexity OOBE cancellation using both data domain cancellation symbols and frequency domain cancellation subcarriers, and an effective phase noise compensation using data domain pilot symbols. The improved overall system performance of the proposed solution is verified by simulation results.
Planning for ORTS , an open-source real time strategy game

We describe an exploratory project in which a planner was used within a real-time strategy game to create plans for behaviours which were then executed under the control of a computer player. We describe the problems we encountered, the solutions we adopted and the questions that remain unanswered in this investigation. One of our key objectives was to explore the viability of integrating existing generic planning technology into the control management of a computercontrolled player and we report on the extent to which we were able to achieve this.
CTL-Associated Antigen-4 Ligation Induces Rapid T Cell Polarization That Depends on Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Vav-1, Cdc42, and Myosin Light Chain Kinase1

CTLA-4 can negatively regulate cytokine production and proliferation, increase motility, and override the TCR-induced stop-signal needed for stable T cell-APC conjugation. Despite this, little is known regarding whether CTLA-4 can alter T cell morphology and the nature of the signaling events that could account for this event. In this study, we demonstrate that anti-CTLA-4 and CD3/CTLA-4 induce rapid T cell polarization (i.e., within 15–30 min) with increases in lamellipodia, filopodia, and uropod formation. This was observed with anti-CTLA-4 and CD80-Ig ligation of CTLA-4, but not with anti-CD3 alone, or anti-CD3/CD28 coligation. Polarization required PI3K, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav1, the GTP-binding protein Cdc42, as well as myosin L chain kinase. By contrast, a key downstream target of PI3K, protein kinase B, as well as Rho kinase and RhoA, were not needed. Our results demonstrate that CTLA-4 is a potent activator T cell polarization needed for motility, and this process involves specific set of signaling proteins that might contribute to coreceptor regulation of T cell function.
The Effect of Incentives on Response Rates in Interviewer-Mediated Surveys

Two pieces of tubing are coupled by cooperation of two sleeves. In one embodiment of the invention the tubing is relatively substantially rigid, a relatively distortable connecting sleeve is disposed around the tubing at the juncture, and a relatively substantially rigid locking sleeve having an inside taper is slipped over the relatively distortable sleeve. In a second embodiment the tubing is relatively distortable, a relatively substantially rigid connecting sleeve is disposed within the tubing at the juncture and a relatively substantially rigid locking sleeve having an inside taper is slipped over the tubing at the junction.
Efficacy of sustained-release bupropion in neuropathic pain: an open-label study.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the analgesic potential of sustained-release (SR) bupropion for neuropathic pain. DESIGN Open-label treatment design. SETTING Outpatient pain clinic, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona. PATIENTS Twenty-two patients with a diagnosis of neuropathic pain. INTERVENTIONS Patients with neuropathic pain received 1 week of 150 mg SR bupropion once daily followed by 7 weeks of 150 mg SR bupropion twice daily. OUTCOME MEASURES Treatment effects were assessed by daily ratings of pain intensity, posttreatment global ratings of pain relief, depression scores (Hamilton Depression Scale), and daily ratings of side effects. RESULTS Fifteen patients (68%) reported that their pain relief was improved or much improved with bupropion. The mean average pain score at week 1 was 6.7, which decreased at the end of week 8 to 5.3 (paired t test, t[df = 21]3.327; p = 0.003) in all patients studied and to 3.8 (paired t test, t[df = 14]3.754; p = 0.002) in the patients who improved. Pain relief was statistically significant at week 5 (paired t test, t[df = 21]3.816; p = 0.001) and continued throughout weeks 6, 7, and 8. Most patients were not depressed, and analgesia was observed to occur without change in depression ratings in most patients who responded. Side effects were rated as mild and consisted primarily of insomnia (8 patients), tremor (3 patients), and gastrointestinal upset (2 patients). These symptoms had a tendency to recede with continuation of therapy. CONCLUSIONS This uncontrolled pilot study suggests that bupropion may be an effective and tolerated treatment for some patients with neuropathic pain. Blockade of norepinephrine reuptake may mediate this effect. The role of dopamine reuptake blockade is uncertain. A larger randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study is currently underway to confirm these preliminary results.
Human chondrocytes express functional chemokine receptors and release matrix-degrading enzymes in response to C-X-C and C-C chemokines.

OBJECTIVE Human chondrocytes produce different C-X-C and C-C chemokines under basal conditions and upon activation with proinflammatory cytokines. We investigated whether human chondrocytes also have chemokine receptors and examined the effects of chemokines on chondrocyte activity. METHODS The expression of chemokine receptors was determined by immunochemical analysis of frozen sections from normal and osteoarthritic cartilage and by flow cytometry of isolated cells. The messenger RNA expression for chemokine receptors was studied by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Isolated chondrocytes were stimulated with different chemokines, and the responses were evaluated by assaying the release of matrix metalloprotease 3 (MMP-3) and of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in the supernatants. RESULTS A wide variety of chemokine receptors (CCR-1, CCR-2, CCR-3, CCR-5, CXCR-1, and CXCR-2) was detected on human chondrocytes. Interaction of these receptors with the corresponding ligands induced the release of MMP-3. This response was abrogated by pretreatment of the cells with Bordetella pertussis toxin, demonstrating involvement of G proteins of the Gi type. The response decreased in the presence of cycloheximide, indicating dependence on protein synthesis. Chemokines also induced the exocytosis of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, which was prevented by receptor blockage with anti-CCR-3 and by treatment with B pertussis toxin. Chondrocytes obtained from osteoarthritic tissue showed an increased expression of CCR-3 and possibly of CXCR-1, and an augmented release of matrix-degrading enzymes compared with chondrocytes from normal donors. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the existence in human chondrocytes of a novel catabolic pathway, primed by chemokines and their receptors, that leads to the breakdown of cartilage matrix components.
Are Maternal Social Networks and Perceptions of Trust Associated with Suspected Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring? A Population-Based Study in Japan

Objective To investigate the associations of maternal social networks and perceptions of trust with the prevalence of suspected autism spectrum disorders in 18-month-old offspring in Japan. Methods Questionnaires included measurements of maternal social networks (number of relatives or friends they could call upon for assistance), maternal perceptions of trust, mutual assistance (i.e. individual measures of “cognitive social capital”), and social participation (i.e. individual measures of “structural social capital”) as well as the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers to detect suspected autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These tools were mailed to all families with 18-month-old toddlers in Chiba, a city near Tokyo (N = 6061; response rate: 64%). The association between social capital or social network indicators and suspected ASD were analyzed, adjusted for covariates by logistic regression analysis. Results Low maternal social trust was found to be significantly positively associated with suspected ASD in toddlers compared with high maternal social trust (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38 to 2.40); mutual aid was also significantly positively related (low vs. high: OR, 1.82, 95% CI: 1.38 to 2.40). However, maternal community participation showed U-shape association with suspected ASD of offspring. Maternal social network showed consistent inverse associations with suspected ASD of offspring, regardless of the type of social connection (e.g., relatives, neighbors, or friends living outside of their neighborhood). Conclusions Mothers' cognitive social capital and social networks, but not structural social capital, might be associated with suspected ASD in offspring.
Impact of cyclic hypoxia on HIF‐1α regulation in endothelial cells – new insights for anti‐tumor treatments

Heterogeneities in tumor blood flow are associated with cyclic changes in pO2 or cyclic hypoxia. A major difference from O2 diffusion‐limited or chronic hypoxia is that the tumor vasculature itself may be directly influenced by the fluctuating hypoxic environment, and the reoxygenation phases complicate the usual hypoxia‐induced phenotypic pattern. Here, we determined the cyclic hypoxia‐driven pathways that modulate hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)‐1α abundance in endothelial cells to identify possible therapeutic targets. We found that exposure of endothelial cells to cycles of hypoxia/reoxygenation led to accumulation of HIF‐1α during the hypoxic periods and the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt), extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) during the reoxygenation phases. We identified stimulation of mitochondrial respiration and activation of the phosphoinositide‐3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway during intervening reoxygenation periods as major triggers of the stabilization of HIF‐1α. We also found that the NOS inhibitor nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester further stimulated the cyclic hypoxia‐driven HIF‐1α accumulation and the associated gain in endothelial cell survival, thereby mirroring the effects of a PI3K/Akt inhibitor. However, combination of both drugs resulted in a net reduction in HIF‐1α and a dramatic in decrease in endothelial cell survival. In conclusion, this study identified cyclic hypoxia, as reported in many tumor types, as a unique biological challenge for endothelial cells that promotes their survival in a HIF‐1α‐dependent manner through phenotypic alterations occurring during the reoxygenation periods. These observations also indicate the potential of combining Akt‐targeting drugs with anti‐angiogenic drugs, in particular those interfering with the NO pathway.
White Guilt and Racial Compensation: The Benefits and Limits of Self-Focus

In two studies, the authors investigated guilt as a response to group-based advantage. Consistent with its conceptualization as a self-focused emotion, White guilt was based in self-focused beliefs in racial inequality. Thus, guilt was associated with belief in White privilege (Study 1) and resulted from seeing European Americans as perpetrators of racial discrimination (Study 2). Just as personal guilt is associated with efforts at restitution, White guilt was predictive of support for affirmative action programs aimed at compensating African Americans. White guilt was not, however, predictive of support for noncompensatory efforts at promoting equality, such as affirmative action programs that increase opportunities (Study 2). In contrast, the other-focused emotion of group-based sympathy was a more general predictor of support for different affirmative action policies. Our findings demonstrate the benefits and limits of group-based guilt as a basis of support for social equality and highlight the value of understanding the specific emotions elicited in intergroup contexts.
RBF neural network identifier based constrained optimal guidance for Mars entry vehicles

In this paper, a radial basis function (RBF) neural network (NN) identifier based approximate constrained optimal guidance law is proposed for Mars entry vehicles guidance. Firstly, an RBF NN identifier is used to identify the system uncertain parameters. With the identified parameters, the optimal guidance problem of Mars entry vehicles is transformed into an optimal tracking control one, which depends on the solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation. Due to the control input constraints, a generalized non-quadratic performance function is proposed. In general, the HJB equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation that is difficult or even impossible to be solved analytically. We use an NN to solve the HJB equation approximately. Finally, the Monte-Carlo simulation results on the Mars entry vehicles demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Activation of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway during hepatocyte growth factor–induced hepatomegaly in mice

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and β‐catenin both play a crucial role in stimulating hepatocyte proliferation, but whether these 2 pathways cooperate in inducing hepatocyte proliferation is unclear. We have previously reported that β‐catenin forms a complex with c‐Met (HGF receptor) that undergoes dissociation because of β‐catenin tyrosine phosphorylation on stimulation by HGF. It is also known that delivery of the human HGF gene cloned in a plasmid under a CMV promoter results in hepatomegaly in mice. In addition, recently characterized β‐catenin transgenic mice also showed hepatomegaly. The present study was based on the hypothesis that HGF‐induced hepatomegaly is mediated, at least in part, by activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Here we report that delivery of the human HGF gene delivery in mice led to hepatomegaly via β‐catenin activation in the liver in 1‐ and 4‐week studies. The mechanisms of β‐catenin activation in the 1‐week study included loss of c‐Met–β‐catenin association as well as canonical β‐catenin activation, leading to its nuclear translocation. In the 4‐week study, β‐catenin activation was observed via canonical mechanisms, whereas the c‐Met–β‐catenin complex remained unchanged. In both studies there was an associated increase in the E‐cadherin–β‐catenin association at the membrane. In addition, we generated liver‐specific β‐catenin knockout mice, which demonstrated significantly smaller livers. HGF gene delivery failed to induce hepatomegaly in these β‐catenin conditionally null mice. In conclusion, β‐catenin‐ and HGF‐mediated signaling pathways cooperate in hepatocyte proliferation, which may be crucial in liver development, regeneration following partial hepatectomy, and pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;44:992–1002.)