Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A meta-analysis of cognitive remediation for schizophrenia: methodology and effect sizes.

OBJECTIVE Cognitive remediation therapy for schizophrenia was developed to treat cognitive problems that affect functioning, but the treatment effects may depend on the type of trial methodology adopted. The present meta-analysis will determine the effects of treatment and whether study method or potential moderators influence the estimates. METHOD Electronic databases were searched up to June 2009 using variants of the key words "cognitive," "training," "remediation," "clinical trial," and "schizophrenia. " Key researchers were contacted to ensure that all studies meeting the criteria were included. This produced 109 reports of 40 studies in which ≥70% of participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia, all of whom received standard care. There was a comparison group and allocation procedure in these studies. Data were available to calculate effect sizes on cognition and/or functioning. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers with excellent reliability. Methodological moderators were extracted through the Clinical Trials Assessment Measure and verified by authors in 94% of cases. RESULTS The meta-analysis (2,104 participants) yielded durable effects on global cognition and functioning. The symptom effect was small and disappeared at follow-up assessment. No treatment element (remediation approach, duration, computer use, etc.) was associated with cognitive outcome. Cognitive remediation therapy was more effective when patients were clinically stable. Significantly stronger effects on functioning were found when cognitive remediation therapy was provided together with other psychiatric rehabilitation, and a much larger effect was present when a strategic approach was adopted together with adjunctive rehabilitation. Despite variability in methodological rigor, this did not moderate any of the therapy effects, and even in the most rigorous studies there were similar small-to-moderate effects. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive remediation benefits people with schizophrenia, and when combined with psychiatric rehabilitation, this benefit generalizes to functioning, relative to rehabilitation alone. These benefits cannot be attributed to poor study methods.
Time‐lapse electrical resistivity imaging of solute transport in a karst conduit

The use of electrical resistivity surveys to locate karst conduits has shown mixed success. However, time‐lapse electrical resistivity imaging combined with salt injection improves conduit detection and can yield valuable insight into solute transport behaviour. We present a proof of concept above a known karst conduit in the Kentucky Horse Park (Lexington, Kentucky). A salt tracer solution was injected into a karst window over a 45‐min interval, and repeat resistivity surveys were collected every 20 min along a 125‐m transect near a monitoring well approximately 750 m downgradient from the injection site. In situ fluid conductivity measurements in the well peaked at approximately 25% of the initial value about 3 h after salt injection. Time‐lapse electrical resistivity inversions show two broad zones at the approximate conduit depth where resistivity decreased and then recovered in general agreement with in situ measurements. Combined salt injection and electrical resistivity imaging are a promising tool for locating karst conduits. The method is also useful for gaining insight into conduit geometry and could be expanded to include multiple electrical resistivity transects. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MSS21287 709..731

It is the position of the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine that physical activity, athletic performance, and recovery from exercise are enhanced by optimal nutrition. These organizations recommend appropriate selection of foods and fluids, timing of intake, and supplement choices for optimal health and exercise performance. This updated position paper couples a rigorous, systematic, evidence-based analysis of nutrition and performance-specific literature with current scientific data related to energy needs, assessment of body composition, strategies for weight change, nutrient and fluid needs, special nutrient needs during training and competition, the use of supplements and ergogenic aids, nutrition recommendations for vegetarian athletes, and the roles and responsibilities of the sports dietitian. Energy and macronutrient needs, especially carbohydrate and protein, must be met during times of high physical activity to maintain body weight, replenish glycogen stores, and provide adequate protein to build and repair tissue. Fat intake should be sufficient to provide the essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins and to contribute energy for weight maintenance. Although exercise performance can be affected by body weight and composition, these physical measures should not be a criterion for sports performance and daily weigh-ins are discouraged. Adequate food and fluid should be consumed before, during, and after exercise to help maintain blood glucose concentration during exercise, maximize exercise performance, and improve recovery time. Athletes should be well hydrated before exercise and drink enough fluid during and after exercise to balance fluid losses. Sports beverages containing carbohydrates and electrolytes may be consumed before, during, and after exercise to help maintain blood glucose concentration, provide fuel for muscles, and decrease risk of dehydration and hyponatremia. Vitamin and mineral supplements are not needed if adequate energy to maintain body weight is consumed from a variety of foods. However, athletes who restrict energy intake, use severe weight-loss practices, eliminate one or more food groups from their diet, or consume unbalanced diets with low micronutrient density may require supplements. Because regulations specific to nutritional ergogenic aids are poorly enforced, they should be used with caution and only after careful product evaluation for safety, efficacy, potency, and legality. A qualified sports dietitian and, in particular, the Board Certified Specialist in Sports Dietetics in the United States, should provide individualized nutrition direction and advice after a comprehensive nutrition assessment.
Nasotransmucosal Delivery of Curcumin-Loaded Mucoadhesive Microemulsions for Treating Inflammation-Related CNS Disorders.

Objectives This investigation was aimed at designing an effective mucoadhesive microemulsion system to accomplish higher brain uptake of curcumin through intranasal route. Materials and Methods Mucoadhesive microemulsion of curcumin (MMEC) was developed using screened oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant by Box-Behnken design and was evaluated for mucoadhesion, stability, and naso-ciliotoxicity study. Comparative brain uptake of curcumin after nasal administration of MMEC and polycarbophil curcumin gel and intravenous administration of plain curcumin solution was studied by performing bio-distribution study in Swiss albino rats. Results The results showed that all formulation variables i.e., the amount of capmul MCM (X1), Smix (accenon CC: transcutol P) (X2) and percentage of aqueous. Polycarbophil (X3) had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the responses. The developed MMEC was stable and non-ciliotoxic with 66.74 ± 3.46 nm and 98.58% ± 1.21 as average globule size and drug content, respectively. Polydispersibility index (0.133 ± 0.17) data and transmission electron microscopy study depicted the narrow size distribution of MMEC. Furthermore, following a comparative investigation of the brain uptake of curcumin among MMEC, plain drug gel and intravenous administration at 2.86 mg/kg, more brain uptake of curcumin was demonstrated for MMEC over intravenous application. Moreover, curcumin uptake in olfactory bulb after nasal administration of MMEC (31.11 ± 1.6) was than 9.44 times higher than intravenous injection of curcumin solution (3.25 ± 1.01). Area under curve represents the ratio of 2.86 mg/kg in brain tissue to plasma acquired afterward(s) the intranasal injection of MMEC (and it) was essentially greater than after the intravenous administration of curcumin solution. Conclusion Findings of the investigation revealed that optimal MMEC and intranasal route may be considered to be promising and an alternative approach for brain targeting of curcumin.
Alk1 controls arterial endothelial cell migration in lumenized vessels

Heterozygous loss of the arterial-specific TGFβ type I receptor, activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1; ACVRL1), causes hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). HHT is characterized by development of fragile, direct connections between arteries and veins, or arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). However, how decreased ALK1 signaling leads to AVMs is unknown. To understand the cellular mis-steps that cause AVMs, we assessed endothelial cell behavior in alk1-deficient zebrafish embryos, which develop cranial AVMs. Our data demonstrate that alk1 loss has no effect on arterial endothelial cell proliferation but alters arterial endothelial cell migration within lumenized vessels. In wild-type embryos, alk1-positive cranial arterial endothelial cells generally migrate towards the heart, against the direction of blood flow, with some cells incorporating into endocardium. In alk1-deficient embryos, migration against flow is dampened and migration in the direction of flow is enhanced. Altered migration results in decreased endothelial cell number in arterial segments proximal to the heart and increased endothelial cell number in arterial segments distal to the heart. We speculate that the consequent increase in distal arterial caliber and hemodynamic load precipitates the flow-dependent development of downstream AVMs. Summary: Cell tracking in a zebrafish model of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia reveals that the primary defect leading to arteriovenous malformations is misdirected EC migration within lumenized arteries.
SSW: A Small-World-Based Overlay for Peer-to-Peer Search

Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems have become a popular platform for sharing and exchanging voluminous information among thousands or even millions of users. The massive amount of information shared in such systems mandates efficient semantic-based search instead of key-based search. The majority of existing proposals can only support simple key-based search rather than semantic-based search. This paper presents the design of an overlay network, namely, semantic small world (SSW), that facilitates efficient semantic-based search in P2P systems. SSW achieves the efficiency based on four ideas: 1) semantic clustering, where peers with similar semantics organize into peer clusters, 2) dimension reduction, where to address the high maintenance overhead associated with capturing high-dimensional data semantics in the overlay, peer clusters are adaptively mapped to a one-dimensional naming space, 3) small world network, where peer clusters form into a one-dimensional small world network, which is search efficient with low maintenance overhead, and 4) efficient search algorithms, where peers perform efficient semantic-based search, including approximate point query and range query in the proposed overlay. Extensive experiments using both synthetic data and real data demonstrate that SSW is superior to the state of the art on various aspects, including scalability, maintenance overhead, adaptivity to distribution of data and locality of interest, resilience to peer failures, load balancing, and efficiency in support of various types of queries on data objects with high dimensions.
Long 3′-UTRs target wild-type mRNAs for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway, present in most eukaryotic cells, is a specialized pathway that leads to the recognition and rapid degradation of mRNAs with premature termination codons and, importantly, some wild-type mRNAs. Earlier studies demonstrated that aberrant mRNAs with artificially extended 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTRs) are degraded by NMD. However, the extent to which wild-type mRNAs with long 3′-UTRs are degraded by NMD is not known. We used a global approach to identify wild-type mRNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that have longer than expected 3′-UTRs, and of these mRNAs tested, 91% were degraded by NMD. We demonstrate for the first time that replacement of the natural, long 3′-UTR from wild-type PGA1 mRNA, which encodes a protein that is important for cell wall biosynthesis, with a short 3′-UTR renders it immune to NMD. The natural PGA1 3′-UTR is sufficient to target a NMD insensitive mRNA for decay by the NMD pathway. Finally, we show that nmd mutants are sensitive to Calcofluor White, which suggests that the regulation of PGA1 and other cell wall biosynthesis proteins by NMD is physiologically significant.
Engineering and Environmental Effects of Coastline Changes in Turkey, Northeastern Mediterranean

The Seyhan, Ceyhan and Goksu deltas are where the most active shoreline changes have been occurring in the northeastern Mediterranean. Coastline changes at these locations were studied using aerial photos and satellite images taken at different times in this century, and the rates of progradation and retrogradation were determined. The results show that on the mouth of the Seyhan River, progradation summed up to about 98,437,625 m 2 with a rate of 28,304 m 2 /yr until 1954. Construction of a dam on the river in 1954 greatly reduced sedimentation in the delta and erosion started at a rate of 24,696 m 2 /yr. As a result, from 1954 to 1995, an area of about 1,012,536 m 2 has been lost due to coastal erosion, and the delta became retrogradational. On the mouth of the Ceyhan River, however, the total amount of progradation from 1947 to 1995 is about 3,097,745 m 2 . About 90 percent of this progradation occurred with a rate of 74,977 m 2 /yr before the construction of a dam on the river in 1984. The rate of progradation after 1984 reduced to about 29,418 m 2 /yr, and only 323,597 m 2 prograding occurred from 1984 to 1995. To the northeast, an area of 835,779 m 2 was eroded by the sea due to no sediment influx on the abandoned Ceyhan River channel in Yumurtalik Bay between 1948 and 1995. The total amount of progradation, from 1956 to 1995, on the mouth of the Goksu River is 398,445 m 2 . To the southwest, due to coastal erosion at a rate of 4,548 m 2 /yr from 1951 to 1995, the lighthouse at Cape Incekum is now lying under the sea. The total amount of retrogradation here is about 200,125 m 2 .
Water storage in a till catchment. II: Implications of transmissivity feedback for flow paths and turnover times

This paper explores the flow paths and turnover times within a catchment characterized by the transmissivity feedback mechanism where there is a strong increase in the saturated hydraulic conductivity towards the soil surface and precipitation inputs saturate progressively more superficial layers of the soil profile. The analysis is facilitated by the correlation between catchment water storage and groundwater levels, which made it possible to model the daily spatial distribution of water storage, both vertically in different soil horizons and horizontally across a 6300‐m2 till catchment. Soil properties and episodic precipitation input dynamics, combined with the influence of topographic features, concentrate flow in the horizontal, vertical, and temporal dimensions. Within the soil profile, there was a vertical concentration of lateral flow to superficial soil horizons (upper 30 cm of the soil), where much of the annual flow occurred during runoff episodes. Overland flow from a limited portion of the catchment can contribute to peak flows but is not a necessary condition for runoff episodes. The spatial concentration of flow, and the episodic nature of runoff events, resulted in a strong and spatially structured differentiation of local flow velocities within the catchment. There were large differences in the time spent by the laterally flowing water at different depths, with turnover times of lateral flow across a 1‐m‐wide soil pedon ranging from under 1 h at 10‐ to 20‐cm depth to a month at 70‐ to 80‐cm depth. In many regards, the hydrology of this catchment appears typical of the hydrology in till soils, which are widespread in Fenno‐Scandia. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dysregulated Editing of Serotonin 2C Receptor mRNAs Results in Energy Dissipation and Loss of Fat Mass RT-PCR of mRNAs

RT-PCR detection of alternatively spliced 5-HT2CR mRNAs First-strand cDNA was synthesized using 1 μg of total RNA extracted from various tissues and oligo (dT) primer. The resultant cDNA was then amplified by PCR using PCR primers: E4FW1 (5’TGCTGATATGCTGGTGGGACT-3’) located in exon 4 and E5DW1 (5’GATATTGCCCAAACGATGGC-3’) in exon 5 or E6DW2 (5’-TCGTCCCTCAGTCCAATCACAG3’) in exon 6. E4FW1/E6DW2 primer pairs can amplify both 5-HT2CR mRNA (300 bp) and 5HT2CRΔ mRNA (205 bp), while E4FW1/E5DW1 primer pairs can amplify only 5-HT2CR mRNA (252 bp) (Fig. S1A). Direct sequencing of PCR products was conducted using E5FW2 primer (5’AGATATTTGTGCCCCGTCTGG-3’).
Efficacy and safety of statin treatment for cardiovascular disease: a network meta-analysis of 170,255 patients from 76 randomized trials.

BACKGROUND Statins represent the largest selling class of cardiovascular drug in the world. Previous randomized trials (RCTs) have demonstrated important clinical benefits with statin therapy. AIM We combined evidence from all RCTs comparing a statin with placebo or usual care among patients with and without prior coronary heart disease (CHD) to determine clinical outcomes. DESIGN We searched independently, in duplicate, 12 electronic databases (from inception to August 2010), including full text journal content databases, to identify all statin versus inert control RCTs. We included RCTs of any statin versus any non-drug control in any populations. We abstracted data in duplicate on reported major clinical events and adverse events. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression. We performed a mixed treatment comparison using Bayesian methods. RESULTS We included a total of 76 RCTs involving 170,255 participants. There were a total of 14,878 deaths. Statin therapy reduced all-cause mortality, Relative Risk (RR) 0.90 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86-0.94, P ≤ 0.0001, I(2)=17%]; cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.74-0.87, P<0.0001, I(2)=27%); fatal myocardial infarction (MI) (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.75-0.91, P<0.0001, I(2)=21%); non-fatal MI (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.67-0.81, P ≤ 0.001, I(2)=45%); revascularization (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.70-0.81, P ≤ 0.0001); and a composite of fatal and non-fatal strokes (0.86, 95% CI 0.78-0.95, P=0.004, I(2)=41%). Adverse events were generally mild, but 17 RCTs reported on increased risk of development of incident diabetes [Odds Ratio (OR) 1.09; 95% CI 1.02-1.17, P=0.001, I(2)=11%]. Studies did not yield important differences across populations. We did not find any differing treatment effects between statins. DISCUSSION Statin therapies offer clear benefits across broad populations. As generic formulations become more available efforts to expand access should be a priority.
A Local Example of Land-Use Change: Southern Illinois—1807, 1938, and 1993*

Abstract This article provides an analysis of a wetland site in southern Illinois from presettlement to the present. The study area is part of the Cache River-Cypress Creek Wetland, which has international importance, as recognized by the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Land-cover data for 1807, 1938, and 1993 were created and analyzed with a geographic information system (GIS). Land-use change by topographic setting (uplands, transitional, and bottomlands) and soil productivity was quantified and studied. Interviews with local experts informed this analysis. Results illustrate the complexity of environmental change and its driving forces. First, notable forest and swamp acreage was converted to cropland between 1807 and 1938 and, to a lesser degree, from 1938 to 1993. Second, there were land-use variations by topographic region. Between 1807 and 1938, the largest transformation occurred in the uplands, with substantial acreage converted from forest to cropland. Between 1938 and 1993, however, agriculture decreased in the upland areas as hilly areas reverted to forest cover. At the same time, agriculture expanded in the bottomlands as this land was drained for farming. Third, there are interesting patterns within these categories of land-use change, as soil productivity is an indicator of what lands were taken out of cropland and converted back to grassland and forest.
Tissue damage in organic rainbow trout muscle investigated by proteomics and bioinformatics

The response to tissue damage is a complex process, which involves the coordinated regulation of multiple proteins to ensure tissue repair. In order to investigate the effect of tissue damage in a lower vertebrate, samples were taken from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at day 7 after damage and proteins were separated using 2DE. The experimental design included two groups of rainbow trout, which were fed organic feed either with or without astaxanthin. In total, 96 proteins were found to be affected by tissue damage, clearly demonstrating in this lower vertebrate the complexity and magnitude of the cellular response, in the context of a regenerative process. Using a bioinformatics approach, the main biological function of these proteins were assigned, showing the regulation of proteins involved in processes such as apoptosis, iron homeostasis, and regulation of muscular structure. Interestingly, it was established that exclusively within the astaxanthin feed group, three members of the annexin protein family (annexin IV, V, and VI) were regulated in response to tissue damage.