Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Present moment, past, and future: mental kaleidoscope

alongwitha succession of discrete thoughts that giverise to feeling of the past and future, areference to mechanisms outside the phe-nomenal realm is necessary (Revonsuo,2003). Thus, the question of what couldbe the neurophysiological mechanismsresponsiblefortheseexperiencesshouldbeaddressed.In this Opinion Article we shall buildourargumentbasedonthebiologicalreal-ism approach to consciousness proposedby Revonsuo (2006). According to thisapproach,subjectiveconsciousnessisarealphenomenon that is tightly anchored to abiological reality within the human brain.Broadly speaking, the human brain is thespeciﬁcphysical“location,”wherethesub-jective mental reality and the objectiveneurobiological reality are intimately con-nected along a uniﬁed metastable contin-uum (Fingelkurts et al., 2009, 2013). Wehavearguedpreviously(Fingelkurtset al., 2010) that phenomenal conscious-nessreferstoahigherleveloforganizationin the brain and captures all
Identification of Secretory Leukoprotease Inhibitor As an Endogenous Negative Regulator in Allergic Effector Cells

Mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils are central effectors in allergic inflammatory disorders. These cells secrete abundant serine proteases as well as chemical mediators and cytokines; however, the expression profiles and functions of their endogenous inhibitors remain elusive. We found that murine secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) is expressed in basophils and eosinophils but in not in mast cells. SLPI-deficient (Slpi−/−) basophils produce more cytokines than wild-type mice after IgE stimulation. Although the deletion of SLPI in basophils did not affect the release of chemical mediators upon IgE stimulation, the enzymatic activity of the serine protease tryptase was increased in Slpi−/− basophils. Mice transferred with Slpi−/− basophils were highly sensitive to IgE-mediated chronic allergic inflammation. Eosinophils lacking SLPI showed greater interleukin-6 secretion and invasive activity upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation, and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by these eosinophils was increased without stimulation. The absence of SLPI increases JNK1 phosphorylation at the steady state, and augments the serine phosphorylation of JNK1-downstream ETS transcriptional factor Elk-1 in eosinophils upon stimulation. Of note, SLPI interacts with a scaffold protein, JNK-interacting protein 3 (JIP3), that constitutively binds to the cytoplasmic domain of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, suggesting that SLPI controls Elk-1 activation via binding to JIP3 in eosinophils. Mice transferred with Slpi−/− eosinophils showed the exacerbation of chitin-induced allergic inflammation. These findings showed that SLPI is a negative regulator in allergic effector cells and suggested a novel inhibitory role of SLPI in the TLR4 signaling pathways.
Development of Inhibitors Targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 and 2 for Cancer Therapy

Hypoxia is frequently observed in solid tumors and also one of the major obstacles for effective cancer therapies. Cancer cells take advantage of their ability to adapt hypoxia to initiate a special transcriptional program that renders them more aggressive biological behaviors. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the key factors that control hypoxia-inducible pathways by regulating the expression of a vast array of genes involved in cancer progression and treatment resistance. HIFs, mainly HIF-1 and -2, have become potential targets for developing novel cancer therapeutics. This article reviews the updated information in tumor HIF pathways, particularly recent advances in the development of HIF inhibitors. These inhibitors interfere with mRNA expression, protein synthesis, protein degradation and dimerization, DNA binding and transcriptional activity of HIF-1 and -2, or both. Despite efforts in the past two decades, no agents directly inhibiting HIFs have been approved for treating cancer patients. By analyzing results of the published reports, we put the perspectives at the end of the article. The therapeutic efficacy of HIF inhibitors may be improved if more efforts are devoted on developing agents that are able to simultaneously target HIF-1 and -2, increasing the penetrating capacity of HIF inhibitors, and selecting suitable patient subpopulations for clinical trials.
Study on Special Morphology Hydroxyapatite Bioactive Coating by Electrochemical Deposition

Bioactive calcium phosphate coatings were deposited on carbon/carbon（C/C） composites using electrochemical deposition technique. The effects of electrolyte concentration and constant current density on morphology, structure and composition of the coating were systematically investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results show that, the coating weight elevated gradually with the increase of electrolyte concentration, and the morphology of coatings changed from spherical particles to nanolamellar crystals with interlocking structure initially. Then the coating transformed into seaweed-like and nano/micro-sized crystals along the depth direction of the coating. The coatings showed seaweed-like morphology as the deposition current density was less than 20mA. With the less current density, the coating became more homogenous. However, the coating was fiakiness crysal, with needlike crystal stacked upside as the current density reached to 20mA/cm2. The coating weight was improved gradually when the current density increased from 2.5mA/cm2 to 10mA/cm2, then reduced with the increasing current density in the range of 10 to 20mA/cm2.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cross-linked Polyethylene Glycol/Carboxymethyl Chitosan Hydrogels

Cross-linked hydrogels of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) were synthesized using a blending technique. Several analysis tools were used to characterize the physical and thermal properties of CMCh/PEG hydrogels, namely, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. Some applications were carried out for the prepared cross-linked hydrogels; swelling behavior of the CMCh/PEG hydrogels was studied in different buffered solutions and different salt solutions. Metal ions uptake was studied for CMCh/PEG hydrogels. The biological activity of CMCh/PEG towards Escherichia coli has been examined in this study.
Characterization and Functionality of Cardiac Progenitor Cells in Congenital Heart Patients

Background— Human cardiac progenitor cells (hCPCs) may promote myocardial regeneration in adult ischemic myocardium. The regenerative capacity of hCPCs in young patients with nonischemic congenital heart defects for potential use in congenital heart defect repair warrants exploration. Methods and Results— Human right atrial specimens were obtained during routine congenital cardiac surgery across 3 groups: neonates (age, <30 days), infants (age, 1 month to 2 years), and children (age, >2 to ≤13 years). C-kit+ hCPCs were 3-fold higher in neonates than in children >2 years of age. hCPC proliferation was greatest during the neonatal period as evidenced by c-kit+ Ki67+ expression but decreased with age. hCPC differentiation capacity was also greatest in neonatal right atrium as evidenced by c-kit+, NKX2–5+, NOTCH1+, and NUMB+ expression. Despite the age-dependent decline in resident hCPCs, we isolated and expanded right atrium–derived CPCs from all patients (n=103) across all ages and diagnoses using the cardiosphere method. Intact cardiospheres contained a mix of heart-derived cell subpopulations that included cardiac progenitor cells expressing c-kit+, Islet-1, and supporting cells. The number of c-kit+–expressing cells was highest in human cardiosphere-derived cells (hCDCs) grown from neonatal and infant right atrium. Furthermore, hCDCs could differentiate into diverse cardiovascular lineages by in vitro differentiation assays. Transplanted hCDCs promoted greater myocardial regeneration and functional improvement in infarcted myocardium than transplanted cardiac fibroblasts. Conclusions— Resident hCPCs are most abundant in the neonatal period and rapidly decrease over time. hCDCs can be reproducibly isolated and expanded from young human myocardial samples regardless of age or diagnosis. hCPCs are functional and have potential in congenital cardiac repair.
A Three-Layer Network Model for Reviewer Recommendation

The reviewer recommendation problem has attracted a large number of researchers. And existing research on this problem fails to provide an integrated framework to combining related information, for example, the matching from the research areas of submissions and reviewers, the citation analysis of articles and avoiding conflict of relationship. In this research, we propose a three-layer network model to solve this problem. And we also demonstrate how particle movement algorithm can be used to recommend reviewers.
SULFATE RESISTANCE OF A CANADIAN SLAG CEMENT

Tests to evaluate the sulfate resistance of concrete made with portland cement partially replaced by a separately ground, pelletized slag were initiated in 1977. Over 1000 cylinders were cast from 8 different concrete mixes made with normal and sulfate resisting portland cements, and 45, 65, and 72 % slag replacement. These were exposed to water and different strengths of sulfate solutions for 8 years, after which some were exposed to accelerated SO4 solutions. These tests were augmented by a large 2-part series of more than 23 different mortar mixes using a method similar to the later standardized ASTM C 1012 test procedure. These mortar bars were exposed to deionized water and various sulfate solutions. Variables included C3A content of portland cements, slag replacement level, alumina content of slag, sulfate salt type and compressive strength at first exposure.
Osteoarthritis: a disease of the joint as an organ.

Richard F. Loeser, MD*, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA Steven R. Goldring, MD, Chief Scientific Officer and Richard L. Menschel Chair, The Hospital for Special Surgery and Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA Carla R. Scanzello, MD, PhD, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA Mary B. Goldring, PhD The Hospital for Special Surgery and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
Effects of Electrolyte Composition on the Properties of Micro-Arc Oxidation Coatings Formed on 6063 Alloy

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating was prepared in different electrolyte compositions on 6063 alloy and its characterizations were detected by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electric microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) and Vickers hardness tester. Friction and wear behaviors of the coatings were tested without lubrication and the abrasion loss was measured after the friction test. The results showed that the MAO coatings, presenting rough and porous surface and high hardness, mainly consisted of α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3 phases. The composition of electrolytic solution had great influence on the coating morphology and its mechanical performance. Compared with the coating prepared in silicate and borate solutions, the coating prepared in aluminate solution had not only denser and smoother surface but also higher micro-hardness value and better abrasion resistance.
Mechanical Properties of a Single Electrospun Fiber and its Structures

A method to measure the Young's modulus of a single electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber is reported. The Young's modulus can be calculated from the force-displacement curves obtained by the bending of a single fiber attached to an atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever. It is suggested that the high modulus of electrospun fibers is caused by the orientation of molecular chains, which is confirmed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) measurements. The communication will provide a basic understanding of the relationship between mechanical properties and structures of electrospun fibers.
Role of extracorporeal photopheresis in the treatment of cutaneous t‐cell lymphoma, autoimmune disease, and allograft rejection

Photopheresis is a pheresis‐based therapy that is currently available at approximately 70 medical centers worldwide. Recent evidence indicates that extracorporeal photopheresis can significantly prolong life, as well as induce a 60–75% response rate among individuals with advanced cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). Moreover, a 10–15% cure rate, in response to photopheresis alone, or in combination with interferon alfa, has been obtained at our institution. These complete responses have been characterized by the complete disappearance of morphologically atypical cells from the skin and blood. Southern blot analysis of peripheral blood specimens have also confirmed the indefinite disappearance of the malignant T‐cell clone from the blood of patients with complete responses. Current immunological data obtained from in vitro human studies and from animal models suggest that the basis for the responses of CTCL patients are related to activation of treated macrophages resulting in release of cytokines, including substantial levels of TNF alfa, and, perhaps, to the induction of anti‐clonotypic immunity directed against pathogenic clones of T‐lymphocytes. In addition to the treatment of CTCL, a potential role for photopheresis in the therapy of autoimmune disease has been suggested by recent pilot studies of pemphigus vulgaris, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Furthermore, a randomized, single‐blinded trial involving 79 patients with early onset, aggressive systemic sclerosis suggested that photopheresis could beneficially effect the course of the cutaneous thickening in this form of the disease. Lastly, two independent pilot studies of cardiac transplantation have indicated that photopheresis can reverse acute cardiac allograft rejection and potentially suppress ongoing chronic rejection. Randomized, controlled trials for these new indications for photopheresis therapy are currently in the early stages of implementation. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deterministic Scheduling of Periodic Messages for Cloud RAN

A recent trend in mobile networks is to centralize in distant data-centers the processing units which were attached to antennas until now. The main challenge is to guarantee that the latency of the periodic messages sent from the antennas to their processing units and back, fulfills protocol time constraints. We show that traditional statistical multiplexing does not allow such a low latency, due to collisions and buffering at nodes. Hence, we propose in this article to use a deterministic scheme for sending periodic messages without collisions in the network thus saving the latency incurred by buffering. We give several algorithms to compute such schemes for a common topology where one link is shared by all antennas. We show that there is always a solution when the routes are short or the load is small. When the parameters are unconstrained, and some buffering is allowed in the processing units, we propose an algorithm (PMLS) adapted from a classical scheduling method. The experimental results show that even under full load, most of the time PMLS finds a deterministic sending scheme with no latency.
Treatment intensification does not reduce residual HIV-1 viremia in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy

In HIV-1-infected individuals on currently recommended antiretroviral therapy (ART), viremia is reduced to <50 copies of HIV-1 RNA per milliliter, but low-level residual viremia appears to persist over the lifetimes of most infected individuals. There is controversy over whether the residual viremia results from ongoing cycles of viral replication. To address this question, we conducted 2 prospective studies to assess the effect of ART intensification with an additional potent drug on residual viremia in 9 HIV-1-infected individuals on successful ART. By using an HIV-1 RNA assay with single-copy sensitivity, we found that levels of viremia were not reduced by ART intensification with any of 3 different antiretroviral drugs (efavirenz, lopinavir/ritonavir, or atazanavir/ritonavir). The lack of response was not associated with the presence of drug-resistant virus or suboptimal drug concentrations. Our results suggest that residual viremia is not the product of ongoing, complete cycles of viral replication, but rather of virus output from stable reservoirs of infection.
Bare ownership evaluation. Hedonic price model vs. artificial neural network

In the current downturn of European real estate market, the sale of the bare ownership is creating a growing interest of market operators. The attention to this formula is not only local, but also comes from foreign investors, attracted by the substantial saving on the purchase price, the revaluation of the property over time, as well as the breakdown of the tax burden and the costs of management and maintenance. The aim of this research is, first of all, to deepen the knowledge of the bare ownership market of residential properties. Secondly, it is to develop an effective tool for estimating the bare ownership. Therefore, on the same database and with reference to the same explanatory variables of the price of bare ownership, two estimation models are implemented, one based on hedonic prices theory and another using artificial neural networks ANN, in order to compare the respective performance.
Superstructures of Self-Organizing Thiophenes

The self-assembling properties of π-conjugated oligo-, poly-, and cyclothiophenes (see Figure) have been studied with different techniques. Scanning tunneling microscopy on perfectly ordered two-dimensional monolayers at the solution–HOPG (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite) interface has successfully been applied. The submolecular resolution achieved in the STM images provides valuable lattice and molecular information. Supported by X-ray structure analyses of the 3D bulk material and by theoretical calculations, molecular conformations, molecule–molecule, and molecule–substrate interactions of the oligo-, poly-, and cyclomers have been analyzed and discussed.
Partial discharge characteristics over differently aged oil/pressboard interfaces

The choice of the materials used as the dielectric media in large transformers continues to be a combination of pressboard and mineral oil. However, a number of failures in the field have been attributed to the surface discharge or creeping discharge over the oil/pressboard interface. This paper reports on an experiment to study surface discharge over oil/pressboard. The TJ (triple-junction) model was used to study the characteristic of partial discharge (PD) from inception to flashover. The max PD charge, pattern, frequency and current pulse were measured during the flashover process. Four oil/pressboard specimens with different aging degrees were used and their influence on the flashover process over oil/paper interface was studied in this experiment. The results indicate that the max PD charge and PD frequency increase with the increase of applied voltage. The oil aging has great influence while the pressboard aging has little influence on PD characteristic over oil/pressboard. The PD pattern and current pulse shape show great difference for various applied voltages. The results therefore suggest that the PD detection on the oil/pressboard can be used effectively to implement the early monitor of surface discharge thereby to avoid the formation of surface flashover.
Validating Metrics for OCL Expressions Expressed within UML/OCL models

Measuring quality is the key to developing high-quality software, and it is widely acknowledged that quality assurance of software products must be guaranteed from the early stages of development, assessing through metrics the quality of early models such as UML diagrams. There exists several proposals of metrics to UML diagrams, such as class diagrams, use case diagrams, etc. But, even though the incorporation of OCL to UML diagrams improves software quality and software correctness, there are no metrics for OCL expressions. In a previous work we have defined and theoretically validated a set of metrics that can be applied to OCL expressions expressed within UML/OCL combined models. The main goal of this paper is to show how we carried out a controlled experiment to ascertain the empirical validity of the proposed metrics as early indicators of OCL expressions understandability and modifiability.
Disulfiram-loaded porous PLGA microparticle for inhibiting the proliferation and migration of non-small-cell lung cancer

In this study, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) was used as a carrier to construct disulfiram-loaded porous microparticle through the emulsion solvent evaporation method, using ammonium bicarbonate as a porogen. The microparticle possessed highly porous surface, suitable aerodynamic diameter for inhalation (8.31±1.33 µm), favorable drug loading (4.09%±0.11%), and sustained release profile. The antiproliferation effect of release supernatant was detected through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay using non-small-cell lung cancer A549 as a model, with only 13.3% of cell viability observed for the release supernatant at 7 days. The antiproliferation mechanism was elucidated to be associated with the enhanced induction of cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at S phase through flow cytometry and Western blotting analysis. Finally, wound healing and transwell migration assay showed that they could efficiently inhibit the cell migration. These results demonstrated that disulfiram-loaded porous PLGA microparticle could achieve favorable antitumor efficiency, implying the potential of treating non-small-cell lung cancer in a pulmonary administration.
Formation control of mobile robots with obstacle avoidance using fuzzy artificial potential field

In this paper, a combined formation control of nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots (WMR) is presented. In this method, the sliding mode control (SMC) strategy is used to solve the tracking problem of any robot agent. In our scenario, we assume the static and dynamic obstacles in the working environment. For guaranteeing obstacle avoidance, we use the artificial potential field method in which the coefficient of attractive and repulsive functions is determined by a Mamdani fuzzy system. Moreover, in order to maintain the desired formation considered between WMRs a fuzzy system is used to control the position and orientation of any agent with respect to the desired formation. The efficiency and simplicity of proposed control scheme has been proved by simulation on different situations.
Towards an e-Infrastructure for Urban Research across Australia

Many challenges facing urban and built environment researchers stem from the complexity and diversity of the urban data landscape. This landscape is typified by multiple independent organizations each holding a variety of heterogeneous data sets of relevance to the urban community. Furthermore, urban research itself is diverse and multi-faceted covering areas as disparate as health, population demographics, logistics, energy and water usage, through to socio-economic indicators associated with communities. The Australian Urban Research Infrastructure Network (AURIN) project (www.aurin.org.au) is tasked with developing an e-Infrastructure through which a range of urban and built environment research areas will be supported. This will be achieved through development and support of a common (underpinning) e-Infrastructure. This paper outlines the requirements and design principles of the e-Infrastructure and how it aims to provide seamless, secure access to diverse, distributed data sets and tools of relevance to the urban research community. We also describe the initial case studies and their implementation that are currently shaping this e-Infrastructure.