Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hard X-ray timing and spectral properties of PSR B0540-69

We report the hard X-ray properties of the young Crab-like LMC pulsar PSR B0540-69, using archival RXTE PCA (2-60 keV) and RXTE HEXTE (15-250 keV) data. Making use of the very long eective exposure of 684 ks, we derived a very detailed master pulse profile for energies 2-20 keV. We confirm the broad single-pulse shape with a dip in the middle and with a significant fine structure to the left of the dip. For the first time pulse profiles in the 10-50 keV energy interval are shown. Remarkably, the coarse pulse shape is stable from the optical up to X-ray energies analogous to the case of the Crab pulsar (PSR B0531+21). The profiles can be described with two Gaussians with a phase separation of0.2; the distribution of the ratios between the two components from the optical to the X-ray range is consistent with being flat. Therefore we cannot conclude that the profile consists of two distinct components. We also derived a new total pulsed spectrum in the0.01-50 keV range in a consistent analysis including also archival ROSAT PSPC (0.01-2.5 keV) data. This spectrum cannot be described by a single power-law, but requires an additional energy dependent term. The bending of the spectrum around 10 keV resembles that of the Crab pulsar spectrum. Although model calculations using Outer Gap scenarios could probably explain the high- energy characteristics of PSR B0540-69 as they successfully do for the Crab, our measurements do not entirely agree with the latest calculations by Zhang & Cheng (2000). The small discrepancies are likely to be caused by uncertainties in the pulsar's geometry.
Evolution of Metal(loid) Binding Sites in Transcriptional Regulators*

Expression of the genes for resistance to heavy metals and metalloids is transcriptionally regulated by the toxic ions themselves. Members of the ArsR/SmtB family of small metalloregulatory proteins respond to transition metals, heavy metals, and metalloids, including As(III), Sb(III), Cd(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Co(II), and Ni(II). These homodimeric repressors bind to DNA in the absence of inducing metal(loid) ion and dissociate from the DNA when inducer is bound. The regulatory sites are often three- or four-coordinate metal binding sites composed of cysteine thiolates. Surprisingly, in two different As(III)-responsive regulators, the metalloid binding sites were in different locations in the repressor, and the Cd(II) binding sites were in two different locations in two Cd(II)-responsive regulators. We hypothesize that ArsR/SmtB repressors have a common backbone structure, that of a winged helix DNA-binding protein, but have considerable plasticity in the location of inducer binding sites. Here we show that an As(III)-responsive member of the family, CgArsR1 from Corynebacterium glutamicum, binds As(III) to a cysteine triad composed of Cys15, Cys16, and Cys55. This binding site is clearly unrelated to the binding sites of other characterized ArsR/SmtB family members. This is consistent with our hypothesis that metal(loid) binding sites in DNA binding proteins evolve convergently in response to persistent environmental pressures.
Correction for vascular artifacts in cerebral blood flow values measured by using arterial spin tagging techniques

„Vascular”︁ artifacts can have substantial effects on human cerebral blood flow values calculated by using arterial spin tagging approaches. One vascular artifact arises from the contribution of „tagged”︁ arterial water spins to the observed change in brain water MR signal. This artifact can be reduced if large bipolar gradients are used to „crush”︁ the MR signal from moving arterial water spins. A second vascular artifact arises from relaxation of „tagged”︁ arterial blood during transit from the tagging plane to the capillary exchange site in the imaging slice. This artifact can be corrected if the arterial transit times are measured by using „dynamic”︁ spin tagging approaches. The mean transit time from the tagging plane to capillary exchange sites in a gray matter region of interest was calculated to be ∼0.94 s. Cerebral blood flow values calculated for seven normal volunteers agree reasonably well with values calculated by using radioactive tracer approaches.
Introducing spatial orientation sensitive cellphone messaging system for blind people

It could be difficult and challenging for any person (especially blind people) to inform in an unusual situation for instant help. Falling in any critical situation for blind people is very common. One way to assist them in their unexpected situation by using an app of cell phone is proposed and described in this paper. Every smartphone consists of a good number of sensors. We have utilized accelerometer sensor's event and have introduced spatial orientation sensitive messaging system. According to our proposed system, A blind people will shake the cell phone in a specific axis so that message from cellphone will go to nearest helping hand destination. Here we have fixed a threshold and time limit so that we can avoid false messages for usual cellphone movements. Our last effort was to track the person using geodata of received message. Qualitative and quantitative performance of this system is evaluated. Moreover the entire messaging system is tested in various constraints and factors.
Patrol Cars Deployment Analysis Based on Modified Greedy Algorithm

The deployment problem of police patrol cars is more complicated than ordinary set cover problem due to the motility of vehicles and the multiple objectives, such as cost, response capability, deterrent capability and so on. This paper puts forward a new model for the solution of the patrol car deployment problem, which can be used to optimize the number of police cars and determine the patrol path. Road discretization treatment is introduced, simplifying the calculations and reducing the solution difficulty. Two criteria are set up in terms of response capability and deterrent capability for the judgment of a patrol scheme. A modified greedy algorithm is proposed to solve the multi-objective model. As the test show, the modified greedy algorithm can stably produce reliable and cost-effective deployment scheme, which is helpful to find an equilibrium point between patrol cost and patrol effect and improve the level of public security.
Elliptic partial differential equations On the solution of the Helmholtz equation on regions with corners

polygonal domains. We observe that when the problems are formulated as the boundary integral equations of potential theory, the solutions are representable by series of appropriately chosen Bessel functions. In addition to being analytically perspicuous, the resulting expressions lend themselves to the construction of accurate and efficient numerical algorithms. The results are illustrated by a number of numerical examples.
PERBEDAAN DIMENSI KEPRIBADIAN HEXACO SIX-FACTOR MODEL PADA EMERGING ADULTS PEROKOK DAN NON-PEROKOK

Merokok adalah salah satu penyebab utama munculnya penyakit dan kematian di seluruh dunia. Sayangnya, beberapa kondisi sosial budaya di Indonesia, seperti keleluasaan akses bagi masyarakat untuk memperoleh dan mengonsumsi rokok serta kebiasaan merokok di berbagai suku, menyebabkan persentase jumlah perokok tergolong tinggi. Adapun salah satu atribut penting yang turut berperan mempengaruhi resiliensi maupun risiko keterlibatan dalam risk behaviors adalah faktor kepribadian, dengan salah satu alternatif baru yang dipandang mampu menjelaskan kepribadian secara lebih komprehensif adalah HEXACO six-factor model. Menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan instrumen ukur HEXACO-60 yang dikembangkan Ashton dan Lee (2009) dan telah diadaptasi ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dimensi-dimensi kepribadian yang membedakan perokok dan non- perokok, sehingga diharapkan dapat berguna antara lain sebagai dasar perancangan program preventif dan korektif terhadap perilaku merokok usia muda. Data dari 213 partisipan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p=.000) pada dimensi honesty-humility, emotionality, agreeableness dan conscientiousness (dengan mean score para perokok lebih rendah daripada non-perokok. Diperoleh pula berbagai data tambahan terkait dengan perilaku merokok, antara lain bahwa usia rata-rata dimulainya perilaku merokok adalah pada usia 17.03 tahun dimana terdapat peningkatan frekuensi dari sejak memulai kebiasaan merokok. Mayoritas merokok dengan alasan enjoyment atau menghilangkan kebosanan, memiliki kerabat dan teman yang juga merokok dan juga pernah terlibat risk behaviors lain (yang dilakukan sesudah memulai kebiasaan merokok), serta bahwa mayoritas perokok perempuan merupakan occasional smokers.
Diversity of Prokaryotes , Fungi , Protozoa , Bryophytes , and Pteridophytes in Tropical Ecosystems

Diversity of Prokaryotes, fungi, protozoa, Bryophytes and Pteridophytes in tropical ecosystems 13 Ana Paula Trovatti Uetanabaro Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade Microbiológico de Fármacos, Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana, BA,Brazil Aristóteles Góes-Neto, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Microbiologia (LAPEM), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil Luiz Henrique Rosa, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, ICEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil Alexandre Salino, Departamento de Botânica, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Alfredo H. Wieloch, Departamento de Zoologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Carlos A. Rosa, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Slicing Books - The Author's Perspective

While authors are still struggling to understand how to make best use of the potential offered by hypertext documents, computer science research proceeds to develop the next generation of the digital documents. This next generation will be based on richer semantics, more potential for automation and personalization and will pose new challenges to the authors. This paper aims to give a first impression of these challenges. It is written by the developers of a new digital document type called "Sliced Books" and reports on their experiences during the first trials. The paper will first introduce the Sliced Book technology. Then the process of slicing books is described introducing several approaches how to create a Sliced Book. The fourth chapter contains a description and analysis of the experiences in the creation of Sliced Books gained so far. The final chapter describes a new approach we are currently working on: collaborative slicing.
The First HII region in the universe

We simulate the ionization environment of the first luminous objects formed within the framework of the current CDM cosmology and compute their UV escape fraction. These objects are likely single very massive stars that are copious UV emitters. We present analytical estimates as well as one–dimensional radiation hydrodynamical calculations of the evolution of these first HII regions in the universe. The initially D–type ionization front evolves to become R–type within 10 5 yrs at a distance ∼ 1 pc. This ionization front then completely overruns the halo, accelerating an expanding shell of gas outward to velocities in excess of 30 km s −1 , about ten times the escape velocity of the confining dark matter halo. We find that the evolution of the HII region depends only weakly on the assumed stellar ionizing luminosities. Consequently, most of the gas surrounding the first stars will leave the dark halo whether or not the stars produce supernovae. If they form the first massive seed black holes these are unlikely to accrete within a Hubble time after they formed until they are incorporated into larger dark matter halos that contain more gas. Because these I–fronts exit the halo on timescales much shorter than the stars' main sequence lifetimes their host halos have UV escape fractions of 0.95, fixing an important parameter for theoretical studies of cosmological hydrogen reionization.
Vitamin B12, Folate, Homocysteine, and Bone Health in Adults and Elderly People: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses

Elevated homocysteine levels and low vitamin B12 and folate levels have been associated with deteriorated bone health. This systematic literature review with dose-response meta-analyses summarizes the available scientific evidence on associations of vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine status with fractures and bone mineral density (BMD). Twenty-seven eligible cross-sectional (n = 14) and prospective (n = 13) observational studies and one RCT were identified. Meta-analysis on four prospective studies including 7475 people showed a modest decrease in fracture risk of 4% per 50 pmol/L increase in vitamin B12 levels, which was borderline significant (RR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.92 to 1.00). Meta-analysis of eight studies including 11511 people showed an increased fracture risk of 4% per μmol/L increase in homocysteine concentration (RR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.07). We could not draw a conclusion regarding folate levels and fracture risk, as too few studies investigated this association. Meta-analyses regarding vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine levels, and BMD were possible in female populations only and showed no associations. Results from studies regarding BMD that could not be included in the meta-analyses were not univocal.
Schlick/Hong Qian and van Fraassen: Two Different Perspectives on Causality and Quantum Mechanics

Hong Qian’s doctoral thesis discusses Moritz Schlick’s interpretation of the causality principle. This interpretation is based on Schlick’s understanding of quantum mechanics and on his conviction that quantum mechanics strongly supports an empiricist reading of causation in his sense. The present paper compares the empiricist position held by Schlick and Hong Qian with Bas van Fraassen’s more recent conception of constructive empiricism. It is pointed out that the development from Schlick’s understanding of logical empiricism to constructive empiricism reflects a difference between the understanding of quantum mechanics endorsed by Schlick and the understanding that had been established at the time of van Fraassen’s writing.
Understanding Global Governance : Institutional Choice and the Dynamics of Participation

Global governance is essentially about governance. That is, it is about those mechanisms that make societal or global determinations. Comparative institutional analysis is by its nature focused on governance and governance mechanisms and understanding institutional behavior lies in the dynamics of participation– the bottom-up forces that determine who is influential and who is not. In turn, the dynamics of participation is dependent in turn on the costs and benefits of participation. The works in this book attempt to establish and grow comparative institutional analysis as a general analytical framework for organizing the issues of global governance. The first chapter exams the basic constitutional issues faced by global governance. The second expands these insights to a general framework to analyze global governance. The third explores global governance and the use of comparative institutional analysis in the context of environmental issues. The fourth explores the institutional choice issues raised by trade and more broadly global public goods. The fifth examines what comparative institutional analysis of various sorts tell us about globalization and the role of law. Although this book sets out few answers, it does propose a route to a common understanding of the problems and with it a way to reach meaningful answers.
Progress and Impact of 13 Years of the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis on Reducing the Burden of Filarial Disease

Background A Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis was launched in 2000, with mass drug administration (MDA) as the core strategy of the programme. After completing 13 years of operations through 2012 and with MDA in place in 55 of 73 endemic countries, the impact of the MDA programme on microfilaraemia, hydrocele and lymphedema is in need of being assessed. Methodology/Principal findings During 2000–2012, the MDA programme made remarkable achievements – a total of 6.37 billion treatments were offered and an estimated 4.45 billion treatments were consumed by the population living in endemic areas. Using a model based on empirical observations of the effects of treatment on clinical manifestations, it is estimated that 96.71 million LF cases, including 79.20 million microfilaria carriers, 18.73 million hydrocele cases and a minimum of 5.49 million lymphedema cases have been prevented or cured during this period. Consequently, the global prevalence of LF is calculated to have fallen by 59%, from 3.55% to 1.47%. The fall was highest for microfilaraemia prevalence (68%), followed by 49% in hydrocele prevalence and 25% in lymphedema prevalence. It is estimated that, currently, i.e. after 13 years of the MDA programme, there are still an estimated 67.88 million LF cases that include 36.45 million microfilaria carriers, 19.43 million hydrocele cases and 16.68 million lymphedema cases. Conclusions/Significance The MDA programme has resulted in significant reduction of the LF burden. Extension of MDA to all at-risk countries and to all regions within those countries where MDA has not yet reached 100% geographic coverage is imperative to further reduce the number of microfilaraemia and chronic disease cases and to reach the global target of interrupting transmission of LF by 2020.
RBG Matching Based Optimal Relay Selection and Subchannel Allocation

Relay selection has been shown to be a practical and effective way to achieve cooperative diversity. In wide-band OFDM cooperative communication systems with multiple source and destination nodes, however, the best relay selection and subchannel allocation has not been studied in a systematic way. In this paper, a random combinatorial optimization approach, referred to as the random bipartite graph based maximum matching (RBG matching), will be proposed to solve this problem. By applying the method of Euler beta function and generalized hypergeometric function, we will first derive a new closed-form outage probability for the best relay selection in the decode-andforward (DF) scheme. Based on this result and the properties of the maximum matching on RBG, the outage probability and diversity-multiplexing tradeoff of the proposed RBG matching method will also be derived. As a result, we will demonstrate that the outage probability and the cooperative and frequency diversity-multiplexing tradeoff of the RBG matching method for cooperative communication systems with multiple source-destination pairs is the same as that of relay systems with only one source and one destination. Besides, the proposed algorithm for maximum matching also enjoys a sublinear computation complexity O(N^2/3), where N is the number of subchannels. Simulation results will illustrate the potential of the proposed RBG matching method, and also verify the theoretical derivations.
Analyzing Statistics with Background Knowledge from Linked Open Data

Background knowledge from Linked Open Data sources, such as DBpedia, Eurostat, and GADM, can be used to create both interpretations and advanced visualizations of statistical data. In this paper, we discuss methods of linking statistical data to Linked Open Data sources and the use of the Explain-a-LOD toolkit. The paper further shows exemplary endings and visualizations created by combining the statistics datasets with Linked Open Data.
Laser vision: lidar as a transformative tool to advance critical zone science

Observation and quantification of the Earth's surface is undergoing a revolutionary change due to the increased spatial resolution and extent afforded by light detection and ranging (lidar) technology. As a consequence, lidar-derived information has led to fundamental discoveries within the individual disciplines of geomorphology, hydrology, and ecology. These disciplines form the cornerstones of critical zone (CZ) science, where researchers study how interactions among the geosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere shape and maintain the "zone of life", which extends from the top of unweathered bedrock to the top of the vegetation canopy. Fundamental to CZ science is the development of transdisciplinary theories and tools that transcend disciplines and inform other's work, capture new levels of complexity, and create new intellectual outcomes and spaces. Researchers are just beginning to use lidar data sets to answer synergistic, transdisciplinary questions in CZ science, such as how CZ processes co-evolve over long timescales and interact over shorter timescales to create thresholds, shifts in states and fluxes of water, energy, and carbon. The objective of this review is to elucidate the transformative potential of lidar for CZ science to simultaneously allow for quantification of topographic, vegetative, and hydrological processes. A review of 147 peer-reviewed lidar studies highlights a lack of lidar applications for CZ studies as 38 % of the studies were focused in geomorphology, 18 % in hydrology, 32 % in ecology, and the remaining 12 % had an interdisciplinary focus. A handful of exemplar transdisciplinary studies demonstrate lidar data sets that are well-integrated with other observations can lead to fundamental advances in CZ science, such as identification of feedbacks between hydrological and ecological processes over hillslope scales and the synergistic co-evolution of landscape-scale CZ structure due to interactions amongst carbon, energy, and water cycles. We propose that using lidar to its full potential will require numerous advances, including new and more powerful open-source processing tools, exploiting new lidar acquisition technologies, and improved integration with physically based models and complementary in situ and remote-sensing observations. We provide a 5-year vision that advocates for the expanded use of lidar data sets and highlights subsequent potential to advance the state of CZ science.
Speed-Dependent Cellular Decision Making in Nonequilibrium Genetic Circuits

Despite being governed by the principles of nonequilibrium transitions, gene expression dynamics underlying cell fate decision is poorly understood. In particular, the effect of signaling speed on cellular decision making is still unclear. Here we show that the decision between alternative cell fates, in a structurally symmetric circuit, can be biased depending on the speed at which the system is forced to go through the decision point. The circuit consists of two mutually inhibiting and self-activating genes, forced by two external signals with identical stationary values but different transient times. Under these conditions, slow passage through the decision point leads to a consistently biased decision due to the transient signaling asymmetry, whereas fast passage reduces and eventually eliminates the switch imbalance. The effect is robust to noise and shows that dynamic bifurcations, well known in nonequilibrium physics, are important for the control of genetic circuits.