Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NEW DATA ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF ELECTROTAENIA MALOPTERURI ( CESTODA : PROTEOCEPHALIDAE ) AND THE ATTENDANT HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES ON MALAPTERURUS ELECTRICUS ( SILURIFORMES : MALAPTERURIDAE ) FROM LEKKI LAGOON ( NIGERIA )

A parasitologic investigation was carried out on Malapterurus electricus from Lekki Lagoon, Nigeria. The proteocephalidean cestode, Electrotaenia malopteruri (Fritsch, 1886) (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae: Gangesiinae) which is the type and only species of Electrotaenia Nybelin, 1942 was the dominant parasites species recovered. The parasite is specific to the fish host. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed sharp differences in the scolex morphology of the parasite with the existing species of Electrotaenia malopteruri. The new sub-species have a wider spherical scolex, the four uniloculate suckers groove are bean shaped and not spherical in the existing species. The suckers of this species are not widely closed to one another but distinctly large with a wider external surface and a wider groove. The disc shaped rostellum-like organ is also wider. There is no median line in-between the uniloculate suckers. The overall incidence of infection was 30.2% with higher incidence of infection in the male (n = 210 (31.7%) and (n = 130 (27.6%) in the female specimens. A total of 254 helminthes were recovered from the three hundred and forty specimens examined of the fish hosts. The tissue sections of the fish host revealed diffuse oedema of epithelium with sloughing of epithelium into lumen, marked shortening and matting of villi with diffuse lymphocytic propria together with thickened wall of the intestine and the observation of the localized area of calcification.
On Functions of Strength T

Define a subset S ~ P(X) to be independent if and only if {z~[BC S} is a linearly independent subset of V. This clearly induces a matroid structure on P(X). This matroid has been studied in connection with many problems in the theory of designs or extremal problems for families of finite sets. In fact many interesting inequalities are proved by showing that certain families of subsets of X correspond to independent sets in this matroid (see [1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12]). Tlae aim of this paper is to study circuits in this matroid. In this section we first redefine the matroid described above in 'dual' terms which seem more suitable and familiar and then describe various results. The next section is devoted to the proofs. For any subset Ac=X, define a monomial p (A)= 11 . v, P ( 0 ) = I . We xEA identify A with p(A) and in this way we also think of P(X) as the set of all squarefree monomials in xl, x2 . x,. Similarly we also consider any fE V(X) as a polynomial f = ~ ' f(A)p(A). Thus V(X) is also free module of all square-free polynoAC=X
A Proactive Approach to Preventing Phishing Attacks Using Pshark

Phishing is an online scam used to dupe people out of their personal information for the purpose of defrauding them. This paper presents a conceptual design for removing phishing pages that have been uploaded on a website, potentially without knowledge of the website owner or host server. Initially the system is alerted to the presence of a phishing page upon receiving the Phisher’s solicitation e-mail. Next the system retrieves the location, IP address and contact information of the host server using a tracking program. Finally, the system sends notification to the Administrator about the phishing page on its server. It is then up to the host server Administrator to remove the phishing page from its server, or face the possibility of criminals continuing to use their site. This approach acts as the basis for further development into proactively (or aggressively) attacking Phishers directly, rather than being a reactionary approach that is common to most email filters and anti-virus software.
N'5 as an Extension of G'3

We present an extension of GLukG, a logic that was introduced in [6] as a three-valued logic under the name of G3. GLukG is a paraconsistent logic defined in terms of 15 axioms, which serves as the formalism to define the p-stable semantics of logic programming. We introduce a new axiomatic system, N-GLukG, a paraconsistent logic that possesses strong negation. We use the 5-valued logic N ′ 5, which is a conservative extension of GLukG, to help us to prove that N-GLukG is an extension of GLukG. N-GLukG can be used as the formalism to define the p-stable semantics as well as the stable semantics.
New Algorithms, Better Bounds, and a Novel Model for Online Stochastic Matching

Online matching has received significant attention over the last 15 years due to its close connection to Internet advertising. As the seminal work of Karp, Vazirani, and Vazirani has an optimal (1 - 1/e) competitive ratio in the standard adversarial online model, much effort has gone into developing useful online models that incorporate some stochasticity in the arrival process. One such popular model is the known I.I. D. model where different customer types arrive online from a known distribution. We develop algorithms with improved competitive ratios for some basic variants of this model with integral arrival rates, including (a) the case of general weighted edges, where we improve the best-known ratio of 0.667 due to Haeupler, Mirrokni and Zadimoghaddam to 0.705 and (b) the vertex-weighted case, where we improve the 0.7250 ratio of Jaillet and Lu to 0.7299. We also consider two extensions, one is known I.I. D. with non-integral arrival rate and stochastic rewards. The other is known I.I. D. b-matching with non-integral arrival rate and stochastic rewards. We present a simple non-adaptive algorithm which works well simultaneously on the two extensions.
A Performance Model to Estimate Execution Time of Scientific Workflows on the Cloud

Scientific workflows, which capture large computational problems, may be executed on large-scale distributed systems such as Clouds. Determining the amount of resources to be provisioned for the execution of scientific workflows is a key component to achieve cost-efficient resource management and good performance. In this paper, a performance prediction model is presented to estimate execution time of scientific workflows for a different number of resources, taking into account their structure as well as their system-dependent characteristics. In the evaluation, three real-world scientific workflows are used to compare the estimated makespan calculated by the model with the actual makespan achieved on different system configurations of Amazon EC2. The results show that the proposed model can predict execution time with an error of less than 20% for over 96.8% of the experiments.
Urban and peri-urban agriculture in Cameroon: Status and perspectives for development

Like elsewhere in the world, Cameroon is experiencing rapid and unplanned urbanisation. Simultaneously, there is a growing number of urban and peri-urban farmers. This paper analyses the status of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) in Cameroon. We found that UPA is widely practised by urban dwellers of all social category and provides multiple benefits ranging from employment creation, revenues, food security and environmental services. However, due to an improper planning, its non-official recognition, insufficient access to productive resources especially land and water; in some cases, UPA can negatively impact human health and environment because of an uncontrolled intensification of production systems and the questionable quality of the food supplied by urban farmers. Therefore, to build sustainable urban production systems, we recommend an official recognition of UPA, its inclusion in urban master plans; the demarcation and development of agricultural zones in cities, the design and implementation of programmes and projects to support urban farmers; intensive farmers capacity building and the promotion of urban waste valorisation through composting. Furthermore, more empirical researches are needed to provide up to date quantifiable information on UPA contribution to urban livelihoods, food security and environmental protection, and the types of relationships existing among the various stakeholders involved in UPA.
Energetic status of crossbreed dairy cows during transition period in two different seasons

We used 31 crossbreed dairy cows to compare the energetic profile in summer and winter. Blood samples were taken weekly prepartum, at calving and on days 2, 5, 10, 15, 21 and 30 postpartum. All metabolic indicators analyzed were influenced by the physiological status. The glucose concentrations were higher during winter while the triglyceride concentrations and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were higher in the summer. The season influenced the concentrations of cholesterol, AST and GGT, showing a different pattern between summer and winter. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-hidroxibutirate (BHB) were not influenced by the season. Cows that calved during winter had a greater body condition score (BCS) and lost more BCS until calving. During summer, 32.26% of the animals and 29.03% during winter had NEFA concentrations above the optimum level and 22.58% of the animals in summer and 19.35% in the winter had subclinical ketosis at some point during the transition period, making then more susceptible to diseases.
On-line debugging techniques: a survey

One consequence of recent interest in the development of large-scale time-sharing systems to provide on-line computer access to a large number of users has been the widespread realization that the usefulness of such a system is critically dependent on the quality of the software provided to facilitate the interaction between user and machine. In particular, one area of critical importance for effective utilization of such a system is that of facilities for program debugging. In view of the important role they play, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the development of facilities to aid in the process of on-line program debugging. Furthermore, much of the work in this field has been described only in unpublished reports or passed on through the oral tradition, rather than in the published literature. The purpose of this paper is to survey the existing work in this area and discuss some possible extensions to it, with the dual goal of acquainting a wider public with currently-existing techniques and of stimulating further developments.
art II : Strain-and sex-specific effects of adolescent exposure to THC n adult brain and behaviour : Variants of learning , anxiety and olumetric estimates

Marijuana is one of the most highly used psychoactive substances in the world, and its use typically begins during adolescence, a period of substantial brain development. Females across species appear to be more susceptible to the long-term consequences of marijuana use. Despite the identification of inherent differences between rat strains including measures of anatomy, genetics and behaviour, no studies to our knowledge have examined the long-term consequences of adolescent exposure to marijuana or its main psychoactive component, 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), in males and females of two widely used rat strains: Long–Evans hooded (LER) and Wistar (WR) rats. THC was administered for 14 consecutive days following puberty onset, and once they reached adulthood, changes in behaviour and in the volume of associated brain areas were quantified. Rats were assessed in behavioural tests of motor, spatial and contextual learning, and anxiety. Some tasks showed effects of injection, since handled and vehicle groups were included as controls. Performance on all tasks, except motor learning, and the volume of associated
Competition and performance : the different roles of labor and capital

Neoclassical economists argue that competition promotes efficiency. They consider technology as given though. In the long run technological progress is an important determinant of the level of welfare and Schumpeter argued that monopoly rents help entrepreneurs to capture the gains of R&D and hence to invest in it. We investigate the overall effect of competition on performance. Performance is measured by TFP-growth. As a negative measure of competition we use rent. Rent is defined as the excess factor rewards over and above their perfectly competitive values (marginal productivities). Input-output analysis enables us to calculate rent for the Canadian sectors over a thirty-year period and to decompose it in its capital and labor components. In line with the literature we find that rent has no significant influence on productivity. We find an interesting result however: the components influence performance in opposite directions. Capital rent has a positive role and labor rent a negative one. The neoclassical economists and Schumpeter seem both right, but the mechanisms differ. The use of rent as a source of funding for R&D applies to capital and the argument that rent yields slack pertains to labor.
Convergence of mitogenic signalling cascades from diverse classes of receptors at the cyclin D-cyclin-dependent kinase-pRb-controlled G1 checkpoint

The commitment of mammalian cells in late G1 to replicate the genome and divide in response to mitogenic growth factors operating via tyrosine kinase receptors depends on phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb), a process controlled by cyclin D-associated cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) and their inhibitors. This study addressed the issue of whether also other mitogenic signalling cascades require activation of cyclin D-associated kinases or whether any mitogenic pathway can bypass the cyclin D-pRb checkpoint. We show that mitogenic signal transduction pathways from three classes of receptors, the membrane tyrosine kinase receptors activated by serum mitogens or epidermal growth factor, estrogen receptors triggered by estradiol, and the cyclic AMP-dependent signalling from G-protein-coupled thyrotropin receptors, all converge and strictly require the cyclin D-cdk activity to induce S phase in human MCF-7 cells and/or primary dog thyrocytes. Combined microinjection and biochemical approaches showed that whereas these three mitogenic cascades are sensitive to the p16 inhibitor of cdk4/6 and/or cyclin D1-neutralizing antibody and able to induce pRb kinase activity, their upstream biochemical routes are distinct as demonstrated by their differential sensitivity to lovastatin and requirements for mitogen-activated protein kinases whose sustained activation is seen only in the growth factor-dependent pathway. Taken together, these results support the candidacy of the cyclin D-cdk-pRb interplay for the convergence step of multiple signalling cascades and a mechanism contributing to the restriction point switch.
Education curriculum and student achievement: theory and evidence

ABSTRACT We propose a theory of education curricula as horizontally differentiated by their paces. The pace of a curriculum and the preparedness of a student jointly determine the match quality of the curriculum for this student, so different students derive different benefits from learning under the same curriculum. Furthermore, a change in the curricular pace has distributional effects across students, benefiting some while hurting others. We test the model prediction using a quasi-natural experiment we call the G8 reform in Germany, which introduced a faster-paced curriculum for academic-track students. We find evidence consistent with our theory: While the reform improves students' test scores on average, such benefits are more pronounced for well-prepared students. In contrast, less-prepared students do not seem to benefit from the reform.
Improving Predictions of Derived Viewpoints in Multiple Viewpoints Systems

This paper presents and tests a method for improving the predictive power of derived viewpoints in multiple view-points systems. Multiple viewpoint systems are a well established method for the statistical modelling of sequential symbolic musical data. A useful class of viewpoints known as derived viewpoints map symbols from a basic event space to a viewpoint-speciﬁc domain. Probability estimates are calculated in the derived viewpoint domain before an inverse function maps back to the basic event space to complete the model. Since an element in the derived viewpoint domain can potentially map onto multiple basic elements, probability mass is distributed between the basic elements with a uniform distribution. As an alternative, this paper proposes a distribution weighted by zero-order frequencies of the basic elements to inform this probability mapping. Results show this improves the predictive performance for certain derived viewpoints, allowing them to be selected in viewpoint selection.
Constructing Private Cloud Storage Using Network Attatched Storage

Human has entered the "cloud age" today, many resources can be put into cloud for further using and exploit. However, putting confidential data or private data to the public cloud has the security issue. Moreover, the construction cost of typical cloud storage is too high and need a lot of management effort of hardware, which is not affordable by person, SOHO and small companies. They need low cost but robust solution to build their private cloud. Thus, in this paper, a low cost, flexible, and recoverable private cloud storage system using NAS is proposed. Two core techniques named "migration" and "cell recovery" for enhancing the flexibility and recoverability are introduced and evaluated. The results show that the system is practicable.
Minimum Sum-Power Design of a Cooperative System using the Amplify and Forward Protocol

In this paper, based on amplify-and-forward protocol, we design both transmitters and receiver of a cooperative network, such that the equivalent communication link achieves a given target rate using the minimal overall transmit sum power. In particular, since the problem is not convex, the design method makes use of an iterative procedure which determines the power allocation by the best eigenvector of a suitable channel matrix which in turn depends on the power allocate at the previous iteration. Based on this solution, we compare, in terms of consumed energy, the cooperative communication and the direct communication. From this comparison, we determine the condition that makes cooperative communications, based on amplify-and-forward protocol, more convenient than direct communications.
Eye-gaze tracking system by haar cascade classifier

Human can quickly and effortlessly focus on a few most interesting points in an image. Different observers tend to have the same fixations towards the same scene. In order to predict observer's fixations, eye gaze information can be used to reveal human attention and interest. This paper presents a real-time eye gaze tracking system. Haar cascade classifier is used to calculate the position of eye gaze based on the rectangular features of human eye. Then this position is adopted to match the space coordinates of screen representing where an observer is looking. The experimental results from different kinds of scenes validate the effectiveness of our system.
Q-Mode and R-Mode Factor Analysis in Quantitative Studies of Microfossils of the Late Quaternary in Sediments from the Brazilian Continental Margin

Q-mode and R-mode factor analysis in quantitative studies of microfossils of the late quaternary in sediments from the brazilian continental margin. In the present article Q and R-mode factor analyses were performed on quantitative data of coccolithophores and foraminifera from samples of the upper Quaternary of the Campos and Santos basins, using the software STATISTICA 7. The obtained factors attempt to explain the variation of taxa which can be attributed to the influence of certain environmental parameters, such as changes in the thermocline, nutricline, temperature and salinity among others. The employment of the two statistical techniques attempts to demonstrate the good potential of the quantitative study of microfossils applied to paleoceanography.
Genetic Variation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Circuit Diversification in a Signal Transduction Network

The connection between genotype and phenotype was assessed by determining the adhesion phenotype for the same mutation in two closely related yeast strains, S288c and Sigma, using two identical deletion libraries. Previous studies, all in Sigma, had shown that the adhesion phenotype was controlled by the filamentation mitogen-activated kinase (fMAPK) pathway, which activates a set of transcription factors required for the transcription of the structural gene FLO11. Unexpectedly, the fMAPK pathway is not required for FLO11 transcription in S288c despite the fact that the fMAPK genes are present and active in other pathways. Using transformation and a sensitized reporter, it was possible to isolate RPI1, one of the modifiers that permits the bypass of the fMAPK pathway in S288c. RPI1 encodes a transcription factor with allelic differences between the two strains: The RPI1 allele from S288c but not the one from Sigma can confer fMAPK pathway-independent transcription of FLO11. Biochemical analysis reveals differences in phosphorylation between the alleles. At the nucleotide level the two alleles differ in the number of tandem repeats in the ORF. A comparison of genomes between the two strains shows that many genes differ in size due to variation in repeat length.
Towards an automatic monitoring of the neurological state of Parkinson's patients from speech

The suitability of articulation measures and speech intelligibility is evaluated to estimate the neurological state of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). A set of measures recently introduced to model the articulatory capability of PD patients is considered. Additionally, the speech intelligibility in terms of the word accuracy obtained from the Google® speech recognizer is included. Recordings of patients in three different languages are considered: Spanish, German, and Czech. Additionally, the proposed approach is tested on data recently used in the INTERSPEECH 2015 Computational Paralinguistics Challenge. According to the results, it is possible to estimate the neurological state of PD patients from speech with a Spearman's correlation of up to 0.72 with respect to the evaluations performed by neurologist experts.
Analysis and improvement on CHY (t,n) threshold verifiable multi-secret sharing scheme

Lin and Wu have proposed an efficient (t,n) threshold verifiable multi-secret sharing (VMSS) scheme. They claimed that their scheme can counteract the cheating problems between the dealer and any participant. However, He and Wu have shown that Lin and Wu's scheme is in fact insecure against a cheating participant. Chang, Hwang and Yang proposed an improvement on the Lin-Wu's scheme. They demonstrated their scheme can solve the problem of Lin-Wu's scheme. In this paper, we analysis the security of CHY scheme and point out the shared secrets are insecure. In order to enhance the security of CHY scheme, we give an improvement on CHY scheme.
Lecture 14: Metric Learning

Many machine learning techniques require an appropriate pairwise metric to measure the distance or similarity between data. For instance, the k-Nearest Neighbor classifier uses a metric to identify nearest neighbors, and clustering algorithms such as k-Means rely on pairwise distance measurements. The performance of such methods clearly depends on the quality of the metric; however, good metrics are tedious to craft and tune manually. In this lecture, we surveyed several metric learning algorithms that aim to automatically learn a metric for a specific problem.