Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contrast enhancement of roads images with foggy scenes based on histogram equalization

Bad weather, particularly fog, commonly obstruct drivers from observing road conditions. This could frequently lead to a considerable number of road accidents. To avoid the problem, automatic methods have been proposed to enhance visibility in bad weather. Methods that work on visible wavelengths, based on the type of their input, can be categorized into two approaches: those using polarizing filters, and those using images taken from different fog densities. Both of the approaches require that the images are multiple and taken from exactly the same point of view. While they can produce reasonably good results, their requirement makes them impractical, particularly in real time applications, such as vehicle systems. Considering their drawbacks, our goal is to develop a method that requires solely a single image taken from ordinary digital cameras, without any additional hardware. For decades, several image enhancement techniques have been proposed. Although most techniques require profuse amount of advance and critical steps, the result for the perceive image are not as satisfied. The method principally uses color and intensity information. It enhances the visibility after estimating the color of skylight and the values of air light. The experimental results on real images show the effectiveness of the approach.
Enhancing Routing Metric for Multi-Purpose WSN using MATLAB Platform

Now a day’s Wireless sensor networks became an interested research field because it has been considered as the most important technologies. Routing effectively and efficiently is an important task for all networks, especially for wireless networks. Numerous Quality of Service requirements by discrete applications focus on the use of appropriate routing metrics to decide the amend data path. The Network performance is directly linked to the routing protocol in place and the metric it uses to optimize specific network performance aspects. Wide literature study on routing metric pageant that WSNs are still not affective due to lack of affective routing and shortage of power backups. In this paper we tried to reinforce the routing metric by testing one of the combination approaches. By practicing in this way the effectiveness of the routing protocol also get increased. Now, the new enhanced combined routing metric giving better result than existing routing metric. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ChangeChecker: A tool for defect prediction in source code changes based on incremental learning method

In software development process, software developers may introduce defects as they make changes to software projects. Being aware of introduced defects immediately upon the completion of the change would allow software developers or testers to allocate more resources of testing and inspecting on the current risky change timely, which can shorten the process of defect finding and fixing effectively. In this paper, we propose a software tool called ChangeChecker to help software developers predict whether current source code change has any defects or not during the software development process. This tool infers the existence of defect by dynamically mining patterns of the source code changes in the revision history of the software project. It mainly consists of three components: (1) incremental feature collection and transformation, (2) real-time defect prediction for source code changes, and (3) dynamic update of the learning model. The tool has been evaluated in a large famous open source project Eclipse and applied to a real software development scenario.
The Timing of Capacity Investment by Start-ups and Established Firms in New Markets

We analyze the competitive capacity investment timing decisions of both established firms and start-ups entering new markets which are characterized by a high degree of demand uncertainty. Firms may invest in capacity early (when the market is highly uncertain) or late (when market uncertainty has been resolved), possibly at different costs. In our model, established firms choose investment timing and capacity level to maximize expected profits. Start-ups are prone to bankruptcy if profit turns out to be too low, and hence choose investment timing and capacity level to maximize the probability of survival. Surprisingly, we find that in monopoly situations, a start-up is more likely to prefer early investment than an established firm, despite the presence of demand uncertainty. In duopoly situations with one start-up and one established firm competing in the same market, we characterize the equilibria of a strategic capacity investment timing game in which firms choose when to build capacity. We find that when demand uncertainty is high and costs do not decline too severely over time, the unique equilibrium of this game is for the start-up to take a leadership role and invest first in capacity while the established firm follows; by contrast, when two established firms compete in an otherwise identical game, high demand uncertainty leads to both firms investing late. Thus, the threat of bankruptcy leads to an increase in sequential investment outcomes in which the start-up leads, a result that we demonstrate persists even if the start-up is concerned with both profit and bankruptcy risk or profit above the bankruptcy threshold. We conclude that the threat of firm failure significantly impacts the dynamics of competition involving start-ups.
Short-circuit limitation thanks to a series connected VSC

Interconnection of medium voltage grids associated to the modulation of the transmission line impedance can improves system operation and power quality. However it also leads to rise of the short circuit power. To cope with this constraint and make this new distribution scheme a viable alternative to radial distribution in the future, investigations on short-circuit limitation with a particular line's compensator relying on a series connected Voltage Source Converter (VSC) (also called SSSC for Static Synchronized Series Compensator) has been achieved. Short-circuit limitation is also motivated because power systems grow and become more constrained (due to Distributed Generation (DG) widespread). This paper presents a new concept for a combined short-circuits circuit limiter and dynamic series compensator for medium voltage grids. In non-fault use, it is designed to regulate active and reactive power flow in order to optimize grid behavior. Indeed, coordination of several units dispatched thought the grid could lead to more efficient grid exploitation (i.e. grid losses, loop flow, voltage drop reductions). During fault use (short-circuit) it will limit short-circuit currents to protect the grid and itself. Two innovative short-circuit limitation methods have been developed and experimented thanks to a test bench. The significant operation improvement is expected to justify the cost of the new device.
A short guide to approximation preserving reductions

Comparing the complexity of different combinatorial optimization problems has been an extremely active research area during the last 23 years. This has led to the definition of several approximation preserving reducibilities and to the development of powerful reduction techniques. We first review the main approximation preserving reducibilities that have appeared in the literature and suggest which one of them should be used. Successively, we give some hints on how to prove new non-approximability results by emphasizing the most interesting techniques among the new ones that have been developed in the last few years.
Mutable Lists and Call-by-Reference with SOS Sub C

-SubC is a study imperative language around which we build the SOSSubC system as an attempt to help the development of certified programs. It allows formal re soning about imperative programs by translating programs into equations, with which proofs can be carried ou t. In this paper, we add to the Sub C language two important imperative features: mutable lists and call-byreference passing mode. We present their implementation and semantics in Sub C , as well as their translation into conditional equations by theSOSSubC system. Key–Words: -Program analysis, formal methods, correctness proofs, alg ebraic semantics, logics
Total revascularization for an epsilon right coronary artery and severe left main disease combined with profound cardiogenic shock

Rationale:Severe left main disease combined with right coronary artery occlusion was rarely encountered in our daily practice. Percutaneous coronary intervention in these patients was most challenging due to high probability of hemodynamic changes. Patient Concerns:Here, we report a 67-year-old man with Non–ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and profound cardiogenic shock and we attempted coronary intervention with total revisualization for severe left main (LM) disease and angulated epsilon right coronary artery total occlusion. He was treated successfully under intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Diagnoses:NSTEMI and profound cardiogenic shock. Interventions:Coronary intervention with total revisualization was performed for severe LM disease and angulated epsilon right coronary artery total occlusion under IABP and ECMO support. Outcomes:IABP and ECMO were removed until cardiac contractile function improved to left ventricular ejection fraction over 40 percentage 1 week later. The patient was discharged after 2 months and had survival for 5 years. Lessons:Coronary intervention could be performed safely in this cardiogenic shock patient with severe LM and triple vessel disease who was supported by IABP and ECMO. Stent deployment for extremely angulated coronary artery was required multiple combination techniques to facilitate the final success.
Some design principles for immune system recognition

The immune system is a complex system that learns, remembers what it has learned, and acts to protect us from a variety of pathogens. Here we address the question of how the immune system is able to recognize and learn about pathogens that can rapidly evolve and hence potentially change so as to avoid immune recognition. Submitted to Complexity.
Analysis of wave behavior in lossy dielectric samples at high field

Radiofrequency (RF) field wave behavior and associated nonuniform image intensity at high magnetic field strengths are examined experimentally and numerically. The RF field produced by a 10‐cm‐diameter surface coil at 300 MHz is evaluated in a 16‐cm‐diameter spherical phantom with variable salinity, and in the human head. Temporal progression of the RF field indicates that the standing wave and associated dielectric resonance occurring in a pure water phantom near 300 MHz is greatly dampened in the human head due to the strong decay of the electromagnetic wave. The characteristic image intensity distribution in the human head is the result of spatial phase distribution and amplitude modulation by the interference of the RF traveling waves determined by a given sample‐coil configuration. The numerical calculation method is validated with experimental results. The general behavior of the RF field with respect to the average brain electrical properties in a frequency range of 42–350 MHz is also analyzed. Magn Reson Med 47:982–989, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Case-Based Parallel Programming System

This paper describes how to reduce the burden of parallel programming by utilizing relevant parallel programs. Parallel algorithms are divided into four classes and a case base for parallel programming is developed by retrieving parallel programs in each class. Cases consist of indices, a skeleton, a program, parallelization effects and a history. Skeletons include the most important issues such as task division, synchronization, mutual exclusion, parallelization methods and threads. Parallel programs for image data storage, three dimensional spline, edge detection, thinning, knapsack problem and package wrapping algorithm are developed by retrieving the most relevant case and adapting it to the given problem. The experiment demonstrates that threads and synchronization can be reused from skeletons, and task division should be adapted by programmers.
Detecting Optic Disc on Asians by Multiscale Gaussian Filtering

The optic disc (OD) is an important anatomical feature in retinal images, and its detection is vital for developing automated screening programs. Currently, there is no algorithm designed to automatically detect the OD in fundus images captured from Asians which are larger and have thicker vessels compared to Caucasians. In this paper, we propose such a method to complement current algorithms using two steps: OD vessel candidate detection and OD vessel candidate matching. The first step is achieved with multiscale Gaussian filtering, scale production, and double thresholding to initially extract the vessels' directional map of various thicknesses. The map is then thinned before another threshold is applied to remove pixels with low intensities. This result forms the OD vessel candidates. In the second step, a Vessels' Directional Matched Filter (VDMF) of various dimensions is applied to the candidates to be matched, and the pixel with the smallest difference designated the OD center. We tested the proposed method on a new database consisting of 402 images from a diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening programme consisting of Asians. The OD center was successfully detected with an accuracy of 99.25% (399/402).
Exploiting Symmetry Properties of the Discretizable molecular Distance Geometry Problem

The Discretizable Molecular Distance Geometry Problem (DMDGP) involves a subset of instances of the distance geometry problem for which some assumptions allowing for discretization are satisfied. The search domain for the DMDGP is a binary tree that can be efficiently explored by employing a Branch & Prune (BP) algorithm. We showed in recent works that this binary tree may contain several symmetries, which are directly related to the total number of solutions of DMDGP instances. In this paper, we study the possibility of exploiting these symmetries for speeding up the solution of DMDGPs, and propose an extension of the BP algorithm that we named symmetry-driven BP (symBP). Computational experiments on artificial and protein instances are presented.
Analysis of Explicit Tau-Leaping Schemes for Simulating Chemically Reacting Systems

This paper builds a convergence analysis of explicit tau-leaping schemes for simulating chemical reactions from the viewpoint of stochastic differential equations. Mathematically, the chemical reaction process is a pure jump process on a lattice with state-dependent intensity. The stochastic differential equation form of the chemical master equation can be given via Poisson random measures. Based on this form, different types of tau-leaping schemes can be proposed. In order to make the problem well-posed, a modified explicit tau-leaping scheme is considered. It is shown that the mean square strong convergence is of order $1/2$ and the weak convergence is of order 1 for this modified scheme. The novelty of the analysis is to handle the non-Lipschitz property of the coefficients and jumps on the integer lattice.
Differences in morphological and physiological traits between native and invasive populations of Sapium sebiferum

Summary 1Functional traits contribute to the success of invasive plants. These traits can reflect inherent properties or they can be new adaptations from evolutionary responses to escape from natural enemies of the introduced range. We tested the hypothesis that genetic shifts in morphological and physiological traits have occurred between native and invasive populations of Sapium sebiferum. 2Sapium sebiferum seedlings were grown in a greenhouse using seed collected from four populations of its introduced range (US) and four from native Chinese populations that are thought to be genetic candidates of the introduced populations. We examined plant biomass production, relative growth rate (RGR), relative stem height growth rate (RHR), root : shoot ratio (RSR), total number of leaves (TLN) and leaf area (TLA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR), net CO2 assimilation (A) and shoot specific respiration rate (RD). 3US populations of S. sebiferum differed from Chinese populations for most plant variables. Final shoot and total biomass, as well as, RGRs of invasive (US) populations were significantly greater than those of native (Chinese) populations, although RHR and TLN per seedling did not differ between them. Root : shoot ratios (RSR) were significantly lower, while leaf traits including TLA, LAR and SLA were generally greater for invasive populations compared to native populations. Net CO2 A was significantly higher for invasive populations than for native populations, but no significant difference in RD was found between two population types. 4Of 13 measured plant variables, RSRs, TLA and CO2 A were identified as traits that contributed the most to differences observed between native Chinese and invasive US populations. The suite of morphological and physiological traits functioning together may result in different growth strategies for native versus invasive populations. By virtue of these traits, invasive populations of S. sebiferum may use soil resources and light more efficiently than native populations, which may have given rise to their competitive superiority in the introduced range.
Distributive graph algorithms Global solutions from local data

This paper deals with distributed graph algorithms. Processors reside in the vertices of a graph G and communicate only with their neighbors. The system is synchronous and reliable, there is no limit on message lengths and local computation is instantaneous. The results: A maximal independent set in an n-cycle cannot be found faster than Ω(log* n) and this is optimal by [CV]. The d-regular tree of radius r cannot be colored with fewer than √d colors in time 2r / 3. If Δ is the largest degree in G which has order n, then in time O(log*n) it can be colored with O(Δ2) colors.
Phenotypic Plasticity of Leaf Shape along a Temperature Gradient in Acer rubrum

Both phenotypic plasticity and genetic determination can be important for understanding how plants respond to environmental change. However, little is known about the plastic response of leaf teeth and leaf dissection to temperature. This gap is critical because these leaf traits are commonly used to reconstruct paleoclimate from fossils, and such studies tacitly assume that traits measured from fossils reflect the environment at the time of their deposition, even during periods of rapid climate change. We measured leaf size and shape in Acer rubrum derived from four seed sources with a broad temperature range and grown for two years in two gardens with contrasting climates (Rhode Island and Florida). Leaves in the Rhode Island garden have more teeth and are more highly dissected than leaves in Florida from the same seed source. Plasticity in these variables accounts for at least 6–19 % of the total variance, while genetic differences among ecotypes probably account for at most 69–87 %. This study highlights the role of phenotypic plasticity in leaf-climate relationships. We suggest that variables related to tooth count and leaf dissection in A. rubrum can respond quickly to climate change, which increases confidence in paleoclimate methods that use these variables.
A multi-modal architecture for human robot communication

In this paper we present a human-friendly control framework and an associated system architecture for performing compliant trajectory tracking of multimodal human gesture information on a position controlled humanoid robot in realtime. The contribution of this paper includes a system architecture and control methodology that enables real-time compliant control of humanoid robots from demonstrated human motion and speech inputs. The human motion consists of the body and head pose. The human body motion, represented by a set of Cartesian space motion descriptors, is captured using a single depth camera marker-less vision processing module. The human head pose, represented by two degrees of freedom, is estimated and tracked using a single CCD camera. The architecture also enables fine motion control through human speech commands processed by a dedicated speech processing system. Motion description from the three input modes are synchronized and retargeted to the joint space coordinates of the humanoid robot in real-time. The retargeted motion adheres to the robot's kinematic constraints and represents the reference joint motion that is subsequently executed by a model based compliant control framework through a torque to position transformation system. The compliant and low gain tracking performed by this framework renders the system physically safe and therefore friendly to humans interacting with the robot. Experiments were performed on the Honda humanoid robot and the results are presented here.
Information Literacy Landscapes: Information Literacy in Education, Workplace and Everyday Contexts

In this book, the author explores information literacy from a socio-cultural perspective as a situated ‘informing’ practice. Drawing on research into higher education, workplace and community settings, an architecture of information literacy practice is developed that could be used to inform research and pedagogy in educational, workplace and community training contexts. The chapters are as follows: Introduction; Conceptual orientation; Information literacy practice in academic libraries and the higher education landscape; Information literacy in the workplace landscape; Information literacy advocacy and the public library landscape; Landscapes of information literacy; A conceptual architecture for information literacy practice; Concluding comments.
A survey of transaction dada anonymous publication

Transaction data contain a large amount of information of individuals and entities. Publication of these data can provide important resources for researching such as association rule mining, recommendation systems and user behavior prediction ect. But on the other hand, it will compromise individual privacy. Recently, many works focus on privacy preserving transaction data publishing, especially on anonymous publishing. In this paper, we will systematically summarize and evaluate different anonymous approaches for transactional data publication.
String cosmology and dilaton

We discuss some aspects of string cosmology with an emphasis on the role played by the dilaton. A cosmological scenario based on the assumption that all spatial dimensions are periodic so that winding modes play an important role is reviewed. A possibility of a transition from a `string phase' to the `standard' cosmology via a radiation dominated era and inflation is analysed. We also summarise some recent results about time dependent solutions of tree level string equations.