Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transient analysis of organic electrophosphorescence: I. Transient analysis of triplet energy transfer

We examine triplet-exciton dynamics in several phosphorescent organic guest-host systems. In this first of two papers, transient studies are used to understand triplet energy transfer between molecules and also to ascertain the relative importance under electrical injection of charge trapping and direct exciton formation on phosphorescent guest molecules. As an example, we study the distribution of triplet excitons as they diffuse through amorphous films of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum $({\mathrm{Alq}}_{3}). $ We find that triplet transport in ${\mathrm{Alq}}_{3}$ is dispersive, and for high concentrations of triplets we find an average lifetime of $\ensuremath{\tau}=25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ and a diffusion coefficient of ${D}_{T}=(8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}/\mathrm{s}. $ The understanding of the formation and transport of triplets in a host material is extended in the following paper [Phys. Rev. B 62, 10 967 (2000)] to the study of nonlinearities in the electroluminescent decay of phosphorescent organic guest materials. Finally, we summarize the principle determinants of the efficiency of organic electrophosphorescent devices.
On the Necessity for Random Sampling

It is known that if the sample is systematically selected and not drawn 'at random' the conclusions concerning the population 71 formed on its basis are, as a rule, false and at the present state of our knowledge impossible to justify. On the other hand, we know that justifiable and frequently correct conclusions are possible only when the process of drawing the sample is 'random', though the randomness may be at times more or less restricted. (Neyman [193 7] p. 251)
TFIIIC as a Potential Epigenetic Modulator of Histone Acetylation in Human Stem Cells

Regulation of histone acetylation dictates patterns of gene expression and hence cell identity. Due to their clinical relevance in cancer biology, understanding how human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) regulate their genomic patterns of histone acetylation is critical, but it remains largely to be investigated. Here, we provide evidence that acetylation of histone H3 lysine-18 (H3K18ac) and lysine-27 (H3K27ac) is only partially established by p300 in stem cells, while it represents the main histone acetyltransferase (HAT) for these marks in somatic cells. Our analysis reveals that whereas p300 marginally associated with H3K18ac and H3K27ac in hESCs, it largely overlapped with these histone marks upon differentiation. Interestingly, we show that H3K18ac is found at “stemness” genes enriched in RNA polymerase III transcription factor C (TFIIIC) in hESCs, whilst lacking p300. Moreover, TFIIIC was also found in the vicinity of genes involved in neuronal biology, although devoid of H3K18ac. Our data suggest a more complex pattern of HATs responsible for histone acetylations in hESCs than previously considered, suggesting a putative role for H3K18ac and TFIIIC in regulating “stemness” genes as well as genes associated with neuronal differentiation of hESCs. The results break ground for possible new paradigms for genome acetylation in hESCs that could lead to new avenues for therapeutic intervention in cancer and developmental diseases.
Study of the stability and uncertainty of an external cavity diode laser through a Michelson wavemeter

A Michelson wavemeter was developed to test the accuracy and give traceability to the wavelength of external cavity diode lasers. These lasers were stabilized using a Littrow configuration and an iodine gas cell as frequency reference, and they will be used as light sources in the assembly of a new interferometric system for gauge block calibration. Previously, the uncertainty evaluation of the Michelson wavemeter with a Vernier counter had to be made, in which, as it is usual, the counting set starts and stops when the interference phases of the reference and unknown wavefronts coincide.
Application of Surface-Modified Nanoclay in a Hybrid Adsorption-Ultrafiltration Process for Enhanced Nitrite Ions Removal: Chemometric Approach vs. Machine Learning

Herein, we report the results of a study on combining adsorption and ultrafiltration in a single-stage process to remove nitrite ions from contaminated water. As adsorbent, a surface-modified nanoclay was employed (i.e., Nanomer® I.28E, containing 25–30 wt. % trimethyl stearyl ammonium). Ultrafiltration experiments were conducted using porous polymeric membranes (Ultracel® 10 kDa). The hybrid process of adsorption-ultrafiltration was modeled and optimized using three computational tools: (1) response surface methodology (RSM), (2) artificial neural network (ANN), and (3) support vector machine (SVM). The optimal conditions provided by machine learning (SVM) were found to be the best, revealing a rejection efficiency of 86.3% and an initial flux of permeate of 185 LMH for a moderate dose of the nanoclay (0.674% w/v). Likewise, a new and more retentive membrane (based on PVDF-HFP copolymer and halloysite (HS) inorganic nanotubes) was produced by the phase-inversion method, characterized by SEM, EDX, AFM, and FTIR techniques, and then tested under optimal conditions. This new composite membrane (PVDF-HFP/HS) with a thickness of 112 μm and a porosity of 75.32% unveiled an enhanced rejection efficiency (95.0%) and a lower initial flux of permeate (28 LMH). Moreover, molecular docking simulations disclosed the intermolecular interactions between nitrite ions and the functional moiety of the organonanoclay.
We Are Not Islands: The Role of Social Support in the Relationship between Perceived Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Psychological Distress

COVID-19 containment measures, including social distancing, quarantine, and confinement, significantly impacted social connectedness and contributed to heightened levels of perceived stress. Prior research has established that protective factors can mitigate emotional distress. This study investigated the protective role of social support in the relationship between perceived stress and psychological distress among a sample of university students. Participants (n = 322) completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Perceived Stress Scale, short forms of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The results indicated that high levels of perceived stress were associated with high levels of hopelessness, depression, and anxiety. In terms of direct and mediating effects, social support was significant for depression and hopelessness but not for anxiety. Furthermore, the relationship between perceived stress and depression was higher for those with high levels of social support than for those with lower levels of social support. The findings suggest that in addition to enhancing social support resources, interventions must assist students in managing the uncertainty and anxiety associated with the pandemic. Furthermore, students’ appraisals of support and the extent to which support is experienced as beneficial must also be examined prior to the implementation of interventions.
The effect of air shear on the flow of a thin liquid film over a rough rotating disk

The depletion of thin liquid films due to the combined effect of centrifugation, surface roughness, and air shear is addressed. As a liquid film flows on a horizontal rotating solid surface, it is thinned by both inertial forces as well as by shearing forces at the liquid‐air interface. The equations describing the flow of a thin viscous film over a rough rotating disk are solved by numerical techniques. Depletion histories of the thin film are given for several cases involving both deterministic and random surface asperities. It is noted that surface roughness of a rotating disk markedly enhances the retention of the thin liquid film. The thinner the liquid layer, the more significant is the effect of surface roughness. On the other hand, shearing forces between the free liquid surface and ambient air increase the depletion of the liquid film at a rate that is dependent on the speed of rotation. In general, inertial forces play a secondary role in the depletion of very thin films; the asymptotic limits o.
Endoscopic far-lateral supracerebellar infratentorial approach for resection of posterior clinoid meningioma: Case report and literature review

Introduction The surgery of posterior clinoid meningioma (PCM) remains one of the most formidable challenges for neurosurgeons because of its location at great depth in the cranium and proximity to vital neurovascular structures. Herein, we aim to describe the technique and feasibility of a novel approach, the purely endoscopic far-lateral supracerebellar infratentorial approach (EF-SCITA), for resection of this extremely rare entity. Case description A 67-year-old women presented with gradually deteriorating vision in right eye for 6 months. Imaging examinations revealed a right-sided PCM, and the EF-SCITA approach was attempted for tumor resection. Tentorium incision allowed a working corridor toward the PCM in the ambient cistern through the supracerebellar space. During surgery, the infratentorial part of the tumor was found to compress the CN III and posterior cerebral artery medially and encase the CN IV laterally. Following debulking of the infratentorial tumor, the supratentorial part could be exposed and then excised, which had dense adhesions to the ICA and the initial part of the basal vein in front. After total tumor removal, its dural attachment was detected at the right posterior clinoid process and then coagulated under direct vision. The patient on follow-up at 1 month had improvement in visual acuity in right eye, with no restriction of extra-ocular movements. Discussion EF-SCITA approach combines advantages of the posterolateral approach and endoscopic technique, allowing access to PCMs with seemingly low risks of postoperative morbidity. It would be a safe and effective alternative for resection of lesions in the retrosellar space.
Scattering of surface-state electrons by the monatomic step in Fe(001): Differential conductivity imaging by scanning tunneling microscopy

The influence of steps on the surface states of the magnetic Fe(001) surface was studied at room temperature by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We observed the distinet bias-dependent differential conductivity (dI/dV) contrasts at step edges from those on flat terraces The observed dI/dV line profiles across the step edge exhibit the strong reduction of the empty-state local density of states up to 1 eV above the Fermi level. That can be attributed to the scattering of the minority-spin surface states by the step edge thus, a sizable spin-dependent contrast at the step edge is predicted in spin-polarized STM.
From Red Giants to Planetary Nebulae

The advent of infrared and microwave technologies opened up a new era in the study of mass loss from red giants. Physical structure (temperature, density and velocity distributions) of the circumstellar (CS) envelopes of red giants can be determined through both line and continuum observations in these new wavebands (cf Kwok 1980a). In this paper, we compare the spectral characteristics of red-giant envelopes and planetary nebulae (PN) and discuss the possible spectral evolution from one to the other.
Expansion of Kuravirus-like Phage Sequences within the Past Decade, including Escherichia Phage YF01 from Japan, Prompt the Creation of Three New Genera

Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, are currently receiving significant attention amid an ever-growing global antibiotic resistance crisis. In tandem, a surge in the availability and affordability of next-generation and third-generation sequencing technologies has driven the deposition of a wealth of phage sequence data. Here, we have isolated a novel Escherichia phage, YF01, from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Yokohama, Japan. We demonstrate that the YF01 phage shares a high similarity to a collection of thirty-five Escherichia and Shigella phages found in public databases, six of which have been previously classified into the Kuravirus genus by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Using modern phylogenetic approaches, we demonstrate that an expansion and reshaping of the current six-membered Kuravirus genus is required to accommodate all thirty-six member phages. Ultimately, we propose the creation of three additional genera, Vellorevirus, Jinjuvirus, and Yesanvirus, which will allow a more organized approach to the addition of future Kuravirus-like phages.
Localization and Characterization of Major Neurogenic Niches in the Brain of the Lesser-Spotted Dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula

Adult neurogenesis is defined as the ability of specialized cells in the postnatal brain to produce new functional neurons and to integrate them into the already-established neuronal network. This phenomenon is common in all vertebrates and has been found to be extremely relevant for numerous processes, such as long-term memory, learning, and anxiety responses, and it has been also found to be involved in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Adult neurogenesis has been studied extensively in many vertebrate models, from fish to human, and observed also in the more basal cartilaginous fish, such as the lesser-spotted dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula, but a detailed description of neurogenic niches in this animal is, to date, limited to the telencephalic areas. With this article, we aim to extend the characterization of the neurogenic niches of S. canicula in other main areas of the brain: we analyzed via double immunofluorescence sections of telencephalon, optic tectum, and cerebellum with markers of proliferation (PCNA) and mitosis (pH3) in conjunction with glial cell (S100β) and stem cell (Msi1) markers, to identify the actively proliferating cells inside the neurogenic niches. We also labeled adult postmitotic neurons (NeuN) to exclude double labeling with actively proliferating cells (PCNA). Lastly, we observed the presence of the autofluorescent aging marker, lipofuscin, contained inside lysosomes in neurogenic areas.
Automated Design of Propellant-Optimal, Low-Thrust Trajectories for Trojan Asteroid Tours

The sun–Jupiter Trojan asteroid swarms are targets of interest for robotic spacecraft missions, where low-thrust propulsion systems offer a viable approach for realizing tours of these asteroids. This investigation introduces a novel scheme for the automated creation of prospective tours under the natural dynamics of a multibody regime with thrust supplied by a variable-specific-impulse engine. The procedure approximates tours by combining independently generated fuel-optimal rendezvous arcs between asteroid pairs into a series of trajectory legs. Propellant costs as well as departure and arrival times are estimated from the performance of the individual thrust arcs. Tours of interest are readily constructed in higher-fidelity models, and options for the end-to-end trajectories are easily assessed. In this investigation, scenarios where constant and varying-power sources are available to the low-thrust engine are explored. In general, the automation procedure rapidly generates a large number of potential .
Analysis of the Psychological Impact of Tiktok on Contemporary Teenagers

With the development of information technology, short video has become an important part of people’s leisure life. Among them, Tiktok is the largest and fastest-growing application in the short video market, with about 1.5 billion users worldwide. Unlike other software, Tikotok’s users are mostly teenagers, but the contents on Tiktok are varied and even contain a lot of violence and pornography. So the psychological impact of this software on contemporary teenagers is huge. By analyzing high school students’ use of Tiktok data and the positive and negative effects of Tiktok on high school students’ psychology, this paper puts forward suggestions to help families, schools and governments take measures, and draw their attention to the mental health of contemporary adolescents and promote their physical and mental health, so as to promote the healthy growth of teenagers.
Portfolio selections for insurers with ambiguity aversion: minimizing the probability of ruin

ABSTRACT In this paper, we investigate the impacts of model misspecification on the insurer’s investment behaviours. Model misspecification comes from either the financial market or insurance business due to economic fluctuation. From the risk control point of view, we assume that an insurer has ambiguity aversion and we study the robust optimal investment strategy for the insurer under several settings. As a benchmark, we firstly obtain the optimal investment strategy for the insurer without considering model misspecification. Then, by assuming that model misspecification only exists in the financial market, we obtained the robust optimal investment strategy by solving the corresponding Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation under the objective of minimizing the probability of ruin. The results tells us the insurer’s ambiguity aversion leads to a more conservative investment behaviour. At last, we incorporate the model misspecification for both financial market and insurance business in a general framework. The robust optimal investment is also obtained and we find that the investment is enlarged due to the insurer’s ambiguity aversion on the insurance business because of the motivation of ambiguity hedging. The numerical examples display that different ambiguity aversion level on the financial market and insurance business have different impacts on the robust investment strategy.
Boundary Element Analysis of the Time-Dependent Motion of a Semi-infinite Bubble in a Channel

We present a boundary element method to investigate the time-dependent translation of a two-dimensional bubble in a channel of width 2a containing a fluid of viscosity ? and surface tension ? In our analysis, the flow rate, Q? , is specified, and the finger progresses forward at a nonconstant velocity until it reaches a steady-state velocity U*. The primary dimensionless parameter in the unsteady formulation is Cau = ? Q*/2a? , representing the ratio of viscous forces to surface-tension forces. Steady-state results are given in terms of the conventional form of the capillary number, Cau = ? U*/? The steady-state shape of the finger, the pressure drop across the tip of the finger, and its radius of curvature are presented for a range of Cau much larger than has previously been published (0.05 ? Cau ? 104). Good agreement is shown to exist with the finite-difference results of Reinelt and Saffman in the range of their studies (0.05 ? Cau ? 3), and with the experimental data of Tabeling et al. whose studies extend to Cau = 0.2. Beyond Cau = 20, we predict that the steady-state meniscus interface shape is insensitive to Ca, and that the pressure drop is directly proportional to a viscous pressure scale. A regression analysis of the finger width (s) versus Cau yields s ? 1 - 0.417(1 - Exp(- 1.69 Ca0.5025u )), which gives the correct behavior for both small and large Cau. This regression result may be considered an extension of the low-capillary asymptotic predictions of Bretherton, who found a Ca2/3u dependence for Ca very small (Cau < 0.02). The result of this regression analysis is consistent with Taylor's measurements of residual film thickness in circular tubes, which shows a Ca1/2u dependence for values of Cau < 0.09.
Controllable Preparation of Highly Crystalline Sulfur-Doped Π-Conjugated Polyimide Hollow Nanoshell for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance

In this study, a series of highly crystalline π-conjugated polyimide photocatalysts with porous nano hollow shell (HSPI) was prepared for the first time by the hard template method by adjusting the addition ratio of the template precursor. SiO2 nanospheres not only serve as template agents but also as dispersants to make precursors of SPI more uniform, and the degree of polymerization will be better, resulting in significantly enhanced crystallinity of HSPI relative to bulk SPI (BSPI). More strikingly, it is found that HSPI has a larger specific surface area, stronger visible light absorption, and higher separation efficiency of photogenerated electron and hole pairs compared with BSPI by various spectral means characterization analysis. These favorable factors significantly enhanced the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) by HSPI. This work provides a promising approach for the preparation of cheap, efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable photocatalysts.
Exploring Cyberaggression and Mental Health Consequences among Adults: An Italian Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

Cyberaggression (CyA) embraces a broad spectrum of hostile behaviors through electronic means. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate features and outcomes of this phenomenon among Italian adults. A nationwide survey was distributed on social media platforms. Being victim and being perpetrator of CyA were the primary outcomes; positive scores for GAD-2 (generalized anxiety disorder) and PHQ-2 (depressive symptoms) scales were the secondary outcomes. In total, 446 surveys were collected. Considering the primary outcomes, 46.3% and 13.5% reported having been victims and perpetrators of CyA, respectively. Politics, ethnic minority, and sexual orientation were main subjects triggering CyA. A higher likelihood of being cyber-victims was observed for women and the LGBTQA+ group. Women were less likely to be CyA perpetrators. There was an association between being a CyA victim and a CyA perpetrator. A total of 22.4% and 34.0% respondents scored positive for PHQ-2 and GAD-2, respectively. The main mental health consequences after CyA exposure were anger and sadness, whereas sleep alterations and stomach ache were the most experienced psychosomatics symptoms. No significant relationships between PHQ-2/GAD-2 and CyA emerged. CyA also represents a crucial public health issue among Italian adults. Further investigations are needed to better define the phenomenon and to study the potential consequences on mental health.
On chain code probabilities and length estimators for digitized three dimensional curves

Length estimation of three dimensional digitized curves is considered. The three dimensional chain code representation is assumed. It is shown that previously suggested length estimators are biased, and alternative simple estimators that possess desired optimality properties are developed. To support optimal design of three dimensional length estimators, useful statistical properties of three dimensional chain encoded digital straight lines are derived. Although this paper focuses on simple estimators, the suggested approach can be used to design more complicated three dimensional length estimators. <<ETX>>