Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Engineering of a Novel Ligand in gH Confers to HSV an Expanded Tropism Independent of gD Activation by Its Receptors

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) enters cells by means of four essential glycoproteins - gD, gH/gL, gB, activated in a cascade fashion by gD binding to one of its receptors, nectin1 and HVEM. We report that the engineering in gH of a heterologous ligand – a single-chain antibody (scFv) to the cancer-specific HER2 receptor – expands the HSV tropism to cells which express HER2 as the sole receptor. The significance of this finding is twofold. It impacts on our understanding of HSV entry mechanism and the design of retargeted oncolytic-HSVs. Specifically, entry of the recombinant viruses carrying the scFv-HER2–gH chimera into HER2+ cells occurred in the absence of gD receptors, or upon deletion of key residues in gD that constitute the nectin1/HVEM binding sites. In essence, the scFv in gH substituted for gD-mediated activation and rendered a functional gD non-essential for entry via HER2. The activation of the gH moiety in the chimera was carried out by the scFv in cis, not in trans as it occurs with wt-gD. With respect to the design of oncolytic-HSVs, previous retargeting strategies were based exclusively on insertion in gD of ligands to cancer-specific receptors. The current findings show that (i) gH accepts a heterologous ligand. The viruses retargeted via gH (ii) do not require the gD-dependent activation, and (iii) replicate and kill cells at high efficiency. Thus, gH represents an additional tool for the design of fully-virulent oncolytic-HSVs retargeted to cancer receptors and detargeted from gD receptors.
Water ice growth around evolved stars

We present a model of the growth of water ice on silicate grains in the circumstellar envelopes of Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars and Red Super Giants. We consider the growth of ice by gas grain collisions, the thermal evaporation of ice from a grain, and sputtering. Our model contains several improvements compared to earlier models, including a detailed treatment of the eects of sputtering, a detailed calculation of the radiation pressure on the grain, and the treatment of subsonic drift velocities. In terms of drift velocity between the grains and gas in the envelope, we find that the ice formation process can be divided into three regimes: (i) a sputtering dominated regime where ice growth is heavily suppressed, (ii) an intermediate regime with moderately ecient condensation and (iii) a thermally dominated regime where ice formation is highly ecient. Sputtering is the critical factor which determines if ice formation can occur at all. We find that in Red Supergiants, ice formation is suppressed, while the winds of OH/IR stars allow for ecient condensation and can convert significant fractions of the available water vapor (tens of percent) into ice mantles on grains. Population II AGB stars hardly form ice due to their low dust to gas ratios. We also modify an analytical equation describing condensation and depletion (Jura & Morris 1985) in order to give reasonable results for high and low drift velocities. Initially, ice will condense in crystalline form, but continuing condensation at low temperatures, and damage caused by interstellar UV photons favor the production of amorphous ice as well. We predict that a significant fraction of the ice formed will be amorphous.
From the cytoplasm into the cilium: Bon voyage

The primary cilium compartmentalizes a tiny fraction of the cell surface and volume, yet many proteins are highly enriched in this area and so efficient mechanisms are necessary to concentrate them in the ciliary compartment. Here we review mechanisms that are thought to deliver protein cargo to the base of cilia and are likely to interact with ciliary gating mechanisms. Given the immense variety of ciliary cytosolic and transmembrane proteins, it is almost certain that multiple, albeit frequently interconnected, pathways mediate this process. It is also clear that none of these pathways is fully understood at the present time. Mechanisms that are discussed below facilitate ciliary localization of structural and signaling molecules, which include receptors, G-proteins, ion channels, and enzymes. These mechanisms form a basis for every aspect of cilia function in early embryonic patterning, organ morphogenesis, sensory perception and elsewhere.
Prehension analysis and manipulability of an anthropomorphic metamorphic hand with a reconfigurable palm

This paper presents a novel anthropomorphic metamorphic hand with a reconfigurable palm. Structure of the metamorphic hand is briefly introduced, followed by prehension analysis based on the opposition-space model. Manipulability of the hand is then studied combining the characteristic matrix equation and singular value decomposition, leading to the explicit symbolic closed-form solutions. Further, the prototype of the robotic hand is developed integrated with the initial control system, and grasping and manipulation tests are carried out to illustrate dexterity and characteristic of the new metamorphic hand.
Full adder Design using Hybrid Technology

Full Adder is a fundamental element that is used in all the processor for not only in ALU but in various part of the chipset. The work proposes a Hybrid design methodology to contribute the requirements for the designing of full adder with reduced delay. The Analysis of the designed full adder is done at 27C and 70C temperature range in CMOS 120 nm, 90 nm, and 50 nm technologies using Microwind tool. The result shows the comparison between different CMOS technologies in terms of delay and power dissipation. A comparison is also done in terms of delay of the designed adder with previously known adder cells, which shows the advantage of the proposed design.
A Model-Based Architecture Supporting Virtual Organizations in Pervasive Systems

Modern distributed computer systems, with mobile and embedded devices as first class citizens, are formed from heterogeneous platforms. Owing to their distributed nature, dynamic reconfiguration and adaptation are reflecting different ownerships and administration domains of devices and applications. A portable, plug-in extensible runtime architecture is presented that explicitly honors ownership and realm of control of hardware devices, resources and application components. Based on such an architecture, their owners, while pursuing their very own business models, can cooperatively form Virtual Organizations (VO) to run applications defined by model-based software components (MBSC), consisting of a set of high-level models that are directly interpreted by this architecture's runtime nodes.
Improving Dynamic Range for Multiple-Input Multiple- Output Radio Channel Measurements

An insert for a resilient rail fastening system, including a shank terminating at its lower end with an abutment to engage a lower surface of a base plate supporting a rail, the shank having at its upper end downwardly facing clip engaging surfaces which engage a resilient clip so as to cause compression thereof so that the rail engaged by the clip is biased into engagement with the base plate.
Development and field validation of an avidin-biotin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for bovine brucellosis.

The avidin-biotin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (A-B ELISA), for use in surveillance for bovine brucellosis in India was developed and calibrated using the indirect brucellosis ELISA kit of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as a reference. The reagents used in the A-B ELISA were as follows: the smooth lipopolysaccharide of Brucella abortus strain 99 (antigen); biotinylated anti-bovine immunoglobulin G (detection antibody); avidin-horseradish peroxidase (conjugate); and O-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (chromogen). The test results were interpreted using the IAEA software EDI version 2.1. 1, which was modified for use in the A-B ELISA. The cut-off percentage positivity value was established using 500 brucellosis-positive and 500 brucellosis-negative serum samples, confirmed with reference to the sample data using the indirect ELISA kit. The overall specificity of A-B ELISA was 98.8% and overall sensitivity was 98.2%. Field validation of the A-B ELISA kit was undertaken in six laboratories in India. Screening of 7,040 cattle and 678 buffalo serum samples from 12 states revealed serological evidence of brucellosis in 8.7% of cattle and 10.2% of buffalo. This kit proved to be robust and performed with a similar sensitivity and specificity to the indirect ELISA. The kit can be supplied at a lower cost than current commercial ELISA kits.
Local probability distribution of natural signals in sparse domains

In this paper we investigate the local probability density function (pdf) of natural signals in sparse domains. The statistical properties of natural signals are characterized more accurately in the sparse domains because the sparse domain coefficients (SDCs) have heavy-tailed distribution and have reduced correlation with adjacent coefficients. Our experiments show that a conditionally (given locally estimated variance and shape) independent Bessel K-form (BKF) pdf locally fits the sparse domain's coefficients of natural signals, accurately. To justify this observation, we also investigate the pdf of the locally estimated variance and suggest a Gamma pdf for the locally estimated variance. Since commonly used sparse transformations are orthonormal, the pdf of the sparse domain coefficients must converge to Gaussian distribution by virtue of central limit theorem assuming that natural signals are locally wide sense stationary for small window sizes. Interestingly, we observe that the pdf of the normalized data (on the locally estimated variance) exhibit a Gaussian pdf, which justifies why the BKF pdf is an appropriate fit.
SPIRIT: A Tree Kernel-Based Method for Topic Person Interaction Detection

The development of a topic in a set of topic documents is constituted by a series of person interactions at a specific time and place. Knowing the interactions of the persons mentioned in these documents is helpful for readers to better comprehend the documents. In this paper, we propose a topic person interaction detection method called SPIRIT, which classifies the text segments in a set of topic documents that convey person interactions. We design the rich interactive tree structure to represent syntactic, context, and semantic information of text, and this structure is incorporated into a tree-based convolution kernel to identify interactive segments. Experiment results based on real world topics demonstrate that the proposed rich interactive tree structure effectively detects the topic person interactions and that our method outperforms many well-known relation extraction and protein-protein interaction methods.
Pre-Galois theory

We introduce and study a class of field extensions that we call pre-Galois; viz. extensions that become Galois after some linearly disjoint Galois base change. Among them are geometrically Galois extensions of k(T), with k a field: extensions that become Galois and remain of the same degree after passing to the algebraic closure of k. We develop a pre-Galois theory that includes a Galois correspondence, and investigate the corresponding variants of the inverse Galois problem. We provide answers in situations where the classical analogs are not known. In particular, for every finite simple group, some power is a geometric Galois group over k, and is a pre-Galois group over k if k is Hilbertian. For every finite group G, the same conclusion holds for G itself (n=1) if k is the maximal abelian extension E of the rationals and G has a weakly rigid tuple of conjugacy classes; and then G is a regular Galois group over an extension of E of degree dividing the order of Out(G). We also show that the inverse problem for pre-Galois extensions over a field k (that every finite group is a pre-Galois group over k) is equivalent to the a priori stronger inverse Galois problem over k, and similarly for the geometric vs. regular variants.
Proactive and Coactive Interference in Age-Related Performance in a Recognition-Based Operation Span Task

Background: Generally, older adults perform worse than younger adults in complex working memory span tasks. So far, it is unclear which processes mainly contribute to age-related differences in working memory span. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate age effects and the roles of proactive and coactive interference in a recognition-based version of the operation span task. Methods: Younger and older adults performed standard versions and distracter versions of the operation span task. At retrieval, participants had to recognize target words in word lists containing targets as well as proactive and/or coactive interference-related lures. Results: Results show that, overall, younger adults outperformed older adults in the recognition of target words. Furthermore, analyses of error types indicate that, while younger adults were only affected by simultaneously presented distracter words, older adults had difficulties with both proactive and coactive interference. Conclusion: Results suggest that age effects in complex span tasks may not be mainly due to retrieval deficits in old age.
Camping and quality of life

Attaining health and quality of life is universal among global citizens. Since its introduction by Dr. Halbert Dunn in 1962 the term wellness was used to reflect qualify of life and has been widely accepted and defined in the Western culture. In adapting this concept to the Chinese community, the components of adaptation and homeostasis should be considered in addition to physical, mental, social and health fitness. Camping is a common activity among the Western Culture which provides purposive leisure, social, education and therapeutic activities. It allows campers to escape from city life and enjoy Nature. In the Chinese community, the challenges remain to promote and develop camping to an attractive activity in the pursuit of quality of life and wellness. The present study would report the effects of selective camping programs on campers, the lifestyle management practices of Hong Kong residents and a profile of Hong Kong campers. The study was limited with data obtained from surveying 975 Hong Kong secondary school children from 11 - 18 years old using a questionnaire developed earlier [1]. Also, the case study on the effects of camping on anxiety was based on data collected from 130 campers who went to a 3-day camp.
Semi-supervised domain adaptation for WSD: Using a word-by-word model selection approach

This paper proposes a word-by-word model selection approach to domain adaptation for Word Sense Disambiguation. By this approach, the model for a target word is automatically selected from a candidate model set, which is comprised of improved self-training models and a supervised model. The improved self-training uses sense priors to prevent its iteration from converging into undesirable states. Experimental results on a domain-specific corpus show that: (1) our improved self-training model is effective for the words which have target domain linked senses; (2) the selected models obtain higher accuracies than each single model and effectively improve the performance compared to the state-of-the-art supervised model.
Space-Time Channel Modulation

In this paper, we introduce the concept of space-time channel modulation (STCM), which extends the classical space-time block codes into a third dimension: channel states (transmission media) dimension. Three novel STCM schemes, which provide interesting tradeoffs among decoding complexity, error performance, and data rate by combining space-time block coding and media-based modulation (MBM) principles, are proposed. It is shown via computer simulations that the proposed STCM schemes achieve considerably better error performance than the existing MBM and classical systems.
Dopaminergic neurons modulate locomotion in Caenorhabditis elegans

Adaptation in the sensory-mechanical loop during locomotion is a powerful mechanism that allows organisms to survive in different conditions and environments. Motile animals need to alter motion patterns in different environments. For example, crocodiles and other animals can walk on solid ground but switch to swimming in water beds. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans also shows adaptability by employing thrashing behaviour in low viscosity media and crawling in high viscosity media. The mechanism that enables this adaptability is an active area of research. It has been attributed previously to neuro-modulation by dopamine and serotonin. The aim of this study is to physiologically investigate the neuronal mechanisms of modulation of locomotion by dopamine. The results suggest that the mechanosensory properties of the dopaminergic neurons PDE are not limited to touch sensation, but to surrounding environment resistance as well. The significance of such characterization is improving our understanding of dopamine gait switching which gets impaired in Parkinson’s disease.
A flow-level simulation framework for hsdpa-enabled umts networks

The High Speed Downlink Packet Access is designed for the efficient transport of best-effort traffic in UMTS networks. HSDPA uses fast scheduling with adaptive modulation and coding for the rapid adaptation of the instantaneous channel bandwidth to the channel quality. A simulator for such a system has to model these mechanism properly, which is classically done with help of link-level simulations. Additionally, traffic-dynamics on flow-level and radio resource management have a significant influence on the system performance, but a statistical sound evaluation requires long simulation runs, which prohibits an exact simulation on a small time-scale. Our contribution is a novel flow-level simulation framework, which captures on the one hand the impact of the physical layer, and enables on the other hand the efficient simulation of large scenarios over a long time. The framework uses analytical methods to calculate user bandwidths for different scheduling types and propagation environments as well as the required transmit powers and code resources for arbitrary radio resource management schemes.
Investigating collaborative interaction using interactive table and IR devices

Recently computers have proved to be great tools for different kinds of collaborative works. The use of computer in integrated learning system poses a challenge when is used to support collaborative learning activities for students while they sit in front of computer screens. Interactive Whiteboard (IWB) technology enhances this challenge by providing a large workspace with multimedia resources. Therefore, this research aimed to compare the efficacy used of computer-based and interactive table-based in face-face collaborative learning environment. As part of an ongoing, an interactive table was developed using a low-cost interactive whiteboard technology. This paper examines how such this technology impacts student's interaction in collaborative activity as compared to computer-based learning. It also included the experiment of IR (infrared) devices (IR pen and IR fingertip) which were used with interactive table. The findings show strength and weakness of both devices which will be beneficial for future interaction technique in IWB technology.
How Do In-video Interactions Reflect Perceived Video Difficulty?

Lecture videos are the major components in MOOCs. It is common for MOOC analytics researchers to model video behaviors in order to identify at-risk students. Much of the work emphasized prediction. However, we have little empirical understanding about these video interactions, especially at the click-level. For example, what kind of video interactions may indicate a student has experienced difficulty? To what extent can video interactions tell us about perceived video difficulty? In this paper, we present a video interaction analysis to provide empirical evidence about this issue. We find out that speed decreases, frequent and long pauses, infrequent seeks with high amount of skipping and re-watching indicate higher level of video difficulty. MOOC practitioners and instructors may use the insights to provide students with proper support to enhance the learning experience.
The relation among perfectionism, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder in individuals with eating disorders.

OBJECTIVE Perfectionism and obsessionality are core features of eating disorders (ED), yet the nature of their relation remains unknown. Understanding the relation between these traits may enhance our ability to identify relevant behavioral endophenotypes for ED. METHOD Six-hundred seven individuals with anorexia and bulimia nervosa from the International Price Foundation Genetic Study were assessed for perfectionism, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). RESULTS No differences were found across ED subtypes in the prevalence of OCPD and OCD, nor with the association between OCD and OCPD. Perfectionism scores were highest in individuals with OCPD whether alone or in combination with OCD. CONCLUSION Perfectionism appears to be more closely associated with obsessive-compulsive personality symptoms rather than OCD. The pairing of perfectionism with OCPD may be a relevant core behavioral feature underlying vulnerability to ED.
ALMA view of the 12C/13C isotopic ratio in starburst galaxies

We derive molecular-gas-phase 12C/13C isotope ratios for the central few hundred parsecs of the three nearby starburst galaxies NGC 253, NGC 1068, and NGC 4945 making use of the λ ∼ 3 mm 12CN and 13CN N = 1–0 lines in the ALMA Band 3. The 12C/13C isotopic ratios derived from the ratios of these lines range from 30 to 67 with an average of 41.6 ± 0.2 in NGC 253, from 24 to 62 with an average of 38.3 ± 0.4 in NGC 1068, and from 6 to 44 with an average of 16.9 ± 0.3 in NGC 4945. The highest 12C/13C isotopic ratios are determined in some of the outskirts of the nuclear regions of the three starburst galaxies. The lowest ratios are associated with the northeastern and southwestern molecular peaks of NGC 253, the northeastern and southwestern edge of the mapped region in NGC 1068, and the very center of NGC 4945. In the case of NGC 1068, the measured ratios suggest inflow from the outer part of NGC 1068 into the circum-nuclear disk through both the halo and the bar. Low 12C/13C isotopic ratios in the central regions of these starburst galaxies indicate the presence of highly processed material.