Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Family Structure and Paternity Test of Tan Sheep in Yanchi Area, China

Simple Summary This study investigated the family structure, parent–child pair and inbreeding coefficient of a Tan sheep breeding farm in Ningxia, China. The results can be used as the theoretical basis for selecting excellent breeding stock and making an apposite mating plan; furthermore, it can provide an important scientific basis for the conservation and reproduction of Tan sheep germplasm resources. Abstract Tan sheep is a special breed of locally protected sheep in China, one of the best quality meat sheep in the world. Due to the unclear pedigree of the rams on the Ningxia Tan sheep breeding farm, we investigated 74 rams in the field and explored a new method for family division. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood of breeding rams. Using Plink software, GCTA tools and R language, we analyzed the genetic structure, kinship, and inbreeding coefficient of the breeding sheep, which revealed the genetic relationship between the individuals. The results showed that there was no obvious clustering phenomenon in the PCA, and the genetic background of the samples was similar. The G matrix and IBS distance matrix indicated that most individuals were far away from each other. Paternity testing identified 24 pairs of unknown parent–child pairs, and all the Tan sheep could be divided into 12 families, which provided a reference for sheep breeding. The average inbreeding coefficient based on the ROH of this population was 0.049, so there was a low degree of inbreeding and the rams in the field were able to maintain high genetic diversity. Overall, we explored a more accurate method through paternity and kinship analysis; it provides a scientific basis for pedigree construction, which has an important application value for Tan sheep breeding.
Multi-octave spectrally tunable strong-field Terahertz laser

The ideal laser source for the emerging research field of nonlinear Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy should offer radiation with a large versatility and deliver both ultra-intense multi-octave spanning single-cycle pulses and user-selectable multi-cycle pulses at narrow linewidth. The absence of such a table-top source has hampered advances in numerous THz disciplines including imaging, nonlinear photonics and spectroscopy, selective out-of-equilibrium excitation of condensed matter and quantum systems. Here we introduce a highly versatile table-top THz laser platform providing single-cycle GV/m transients as well as spectrally narrow pulses tunable in bandwidth and central frequency across 5 octaves with hundreds of MV/m field strength. The compact scheme is based on optical rectification of a temporally modulated laser beam in organic crystals. It allows for the selection of THz oscillation cycles from 1 to >50 and central frequency tuning range from 0.5 to 7 THz by directly changing the modulation period of the driving laser. The versatility of the THz source is demonstrated by providing a broadband 5-octave spanning spectrum as well as a spectrally narrow line tunable across the full optical rectification phase-matching band with a minimum width of dv=30 GHz, corresponding to dE=0.13 meV and lambda^-1=1.1 cm-1. The presented table-top source shows performances similar or even beyond to that of a large-scale THz electron accelerator facility but offering in addition versatile multi-color and advanced femtosecond pump-probe opportunities at ultralow timing jitter.
Sub-arcsec mid-IR observations of NGC 1614: Nuclear star formation or an intrinsically X-ray weak AGN?

We acknowledge support from the Spanish Plan Nacional de Astronomia y Astrofisica through grants AYA2010-21161-C02-01, and AYA2012-32295. AAH and AA acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under grants AYA2012-31447 and AYA2012-38491-CO2-02, which are party funded by the FEDER programme.MAPT acknowledges support from the Spanish MICINN through grant AYA2012-38491-C02-02. CRA acknowledges support from a Marie Curie Intra European Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (PIEF-GA-2012-327934).
Defects, dualities and the geometry of strings via gerbes. I. Dualities and state fusion through defects

This is the rst of a series of papers discussing canonical aspects of the two-dimensional non-linear sigma model in the presence of conformal defects on the world-sheet in the framework of gerbe theory. In the paper, the basic tools of the state-space analysis are introduced, such as the symplectic structure on the state space of the sigma model and the pre-quantum bundle over it, and a relation between the defects and dualities of the sigma model is established. Also, a state-space description of the splitting-joining interaction of the string across the defect is presented, leading to an interpretation of the geometric data associated to junctions of defect lines in terms of intertwiners between the incoming and outgoing sectors of the theory in interaction.
PHOTOIONIZATION MODELS OF THE INNER GASEOUS DISK OF THE HERBIG BE STAR BD+65 1637

We attempt to constrain the physical properties of the inner, gaseous disk of the Herbig Be star BD+65 1637 using non-LTE, circumstellar disk codes and observed spectra (3700–10500 Å) from the ESPaDOnS instrument on the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope. The photoionizing radiation of the central star is assumed to be the sole source of input energy for the disk. We model optical and near-infrared emission lines that are thought to form in this region using standard techniques that have been successful in modeling the spectra of classical Be stars. By comparing synthetic line profiles of hydrogen, helium, iron, and calcium with the observed line profiles, we try to constrain the geometry, density structure, and kinematics of the gaseous disk. Reasonable matches have been found for all line profiles individually; however, no disk density model based on a single power law for the equatorial density was able to simultaneously fit all of the observed emission lines. Among the emission lines, the metal lines, especially the Ca ii IR triplet, seem to require higher disk densities than the other lines. Excluding the Ca ii lines, a model in which the equatorial disk density falls as 10−10 (R*/R)3 g cm−3 seen at an inclination of 45° for a 50 R* disk provides reasonable matches to the overall line shapes and strengths. The Ca ii lines seem to require a shallower drop-off as 10−10 (R*/R)2 g cm−3 to match their strength. More complex disk density models are likely required to refine the match to the BD+65 1637 spectrum.
Universality of the Negativity in the Lipkin–Meshkov–Glick Model

The numerical study conducted in the previous chapter raises several questions concerning universal properties of negativity of noncomplementary regions of spins at a continuous quantum phase transition. Will this critical quantity diverge in the thermodynamic limit? Does negativity exhibit universality? If so, can its scaling features be related to known exponents of the underlying model? Extrapolation of numerical results towards the thermodynamic may lead to rather misleading conclusions, and therefore the study of the preceding chapter can merely be considered as a hint towards universal features and scaling properties of negativity in the truly macroscopic system. The inherent complexity of the 1D models studied there has so far prevented a detailed analytical study. We argued that even if the structure of the ground state wave-function is known, it is not implied that negativity assumes a closed-form expression and, hence, its evaluation turns out to be intractable for large systems.
Advances in the Fabrication and Characterization of Superhydrophobic Surfaces Inspired by the Lotus Leaf

Nature has proven to be a valuable resource in inspiring the development of novel technologies. The field of biomimetics emerged centuries ago as scientists sought to understand the fundamental science behind the extraordinary properties of organisms in nature and applied the new science to mimic a desired property using various materials. Through evolution, living organisms have developed specialized surface coatings and chemistries with extraordinary properties such as the superhydrophobicity, which has been exploited to maintain structural integrity and for survival in harsh environments. The Lotus leaf is one of many examples which has inspired the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces. In this review, the fundamental science, supported by rigorous derivations from a thermodynamic perspective, is presented to explain the origin of superhydrophobicity. Based on theory, the interplay between surface morphology and chemistry is shown to influence surface wetting properties of materials. Various fabrication techniques to create superhydrophobic surfaces are also presented along with the corresponding advantages and/or disadvantages. Recent advances in the characterization techniques used to quantify the superhydrophobicity of surfaces is presented with respect to accuracy and sensitivity of the measurements. Challenges associated with the fabrication and characterization of superhydrophobic surfaces are also discussed.
MASER PROPERTIES OF THE ENIGMATIC IRAS SOURCE 19312+1950

The IRAS source, 19312+1950, exhibits SiO maser emission, which is predominantly detected in evolved stars enshrouded by a cold molecular envelope. In fact, the majority of the observational properties of IRAS 19312+1950 are consistent with the nature of an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star or post-AGB star. Interestingly, however, some of the observational properties cannot be readily explained within the standard scheme of stellar evolution, and those are rather reminiscent of young stellar objects. In the present research, we considered the evolutionary status of IRAS 19312+1950 as revealed by the very long baseline interferometry and MERLIN observations in SiO, H2O, and OH maser lines. The double-peaked profile of the 22 GHz H2O maser line is clearly detected, with the emission regions of its redshifted and blueshifted components separately located, leaving a space of about 10.9 mas between them. The kinematic properties of the H2O maser emission region appear to be more consistent with a bipolar flow rather than other interpretations such as the Keplerian rotation of a disk. The redshifted component of the SiO maser emission, which exhibits a double-peak profile in previous single-dish observations, is clearly detected in the present interferometry, while the 1612 MHz OH maser line exhibits a complicated line profile consisting of a single strong peak and many weak, high-velocity spikes. The structure of the OH maser emission region is partially resolved, and the kinematic properties of the OH maser emission region are observations reminiscent of a spherically expanding shell, even though the evidence is scant. Collectively, the maser observations described here provide additional support for the evolved star hypothesis for IRAS 19312+1950.
A new equation of state for dark energy model

A new parameterization for the dark energy equation of state(EoS) is proposed and some of its cosmological consequences are also investigated. This new parameterization is the modification of Efstathiou' dark energy EoS parameterization. w(z) is a well behaved function for z >> 1 and has same behavior in z at low redshifts with Efstathiou' parameterization. In this parameterization there are two free parameter w(0) and w(a). We discuss the constraints on this model's parameters from current observational data. The best fit values of the cosmological parameters with la confidence-level regions are: Omega(m) = 0.2735(-0.0163)(+0.0171) w(0) = -1.0537(-0.1511)(+0.1432) and w(a) = 0.2738(-0.8288)(+0.8018).
Cosmological model dependence of the galaxy luminosity function: far-infrared results in the Lemaître-Tolman-Bondi model

This is the first paper of a series aiming at investigating galaxy formation and evolution in the giant-void class of the Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) models that best fits current cosmological observations. Here we investigate the Luminosity Function (LF) methodology, and how its estimates would be affected by a change on the cosmological model assumed in its computation. Are the current observational constraints on the allowed Cosmology enough to yield robust LF results? We use the far-infrared source catalogues built on the observations performed with the Herschel/PACS instrument, and selected as part of the PACS evolutionary probe (PEP) survey. Schechter profiles are obtained in redshift bins up to z approximately 4, assuming comoving volumes in both the standard model, that is, Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metric with a perfect fluid energy-momentum tensor, and non-homogeneous LTB dust models, parametrized to fit the current combination of results stemming from the observations of supernovae Ia, the cosmic microwave background, and baryonic acoustic oscillations. We find that the luminosity functions computed assuming both the standard model and LTB void models show in general good agreement. However, the faint-end slope in the void models shows a significant departure from the standard model up to redshift 0.4. We demonstrate that this result is not artificially caused by the used LF estimator which turns out to be robust under the differences in matter-energy density profiles of the models. The differences found in the LF slopes at the faint end are due to variation in the luminosities of the sources, which depend on the geometrical part of the model. It follows that either the standard model is over-estimating the number density of faint sources or the void models are under-estimating it.
Constraining the Origin of Magnetar Flares

Sudden relaxation of the magnetic field in the core of a magnetar produces mechanical energy primarily in the form of shear waves which propagate to the surface and enter the magnetosphere as relativistic Alfv\'en waves. Due to a strong impedance mismatch, shear waves excited in the star suffer many reflections before exiting the star. If mechanical energy is deposited in the core and is converted {\em directly} to radiation upon propagation to the surface, the rise time of the emission is at least seconds to minutes, and probably minutes to hours for a realistic magnetic field geometry, at odds with observed rise times of $\lap 10$ ms for both and giant flares. Mechanisms for both small and giant flares that rely on the sudden relaxation of the magnetic field of the core are rendered unviable by the impedance mismatch, requiring the energy that drives these events to be stored in the magnetosphere just before the flare. ends, unless the waves are quickly damped.
Fluctuations of the K/{pi} ratio in nucleus-nucleus collisions: Statistical and transport models

Event-by-event fluctuations of the kaon to pion number ratio in nucleus-nucleus collisions are studied within the statistical hadron-resonance gas model (SM) for different statistical ensembles and in the hadron-string-dynamics (HSD) transport approach. We find that the HSD model can qualitatively reproduce the measured excitation function for the K/π ratio fluctuations in central Au + Au (or Pb + Pb) collisions from low Super Proton Synchrotron up to top Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider energies. Substantial differences in the HSD and SM results are found for the fluctuations and correlations of the kaon and pion numbers. These predictions impose a challenge for future experiments.
Dark Energy and Dark Matter in $f(R)$ Gravity and an Alternative Chameleon Mechanism

Metric $f(R)$ gravity theories behave like GR with cosmological constant when $f"(R)$ = 0, and like scalar-tensor theories elsewhere. I investigate the transition from $f"(R) \neq 0$ to $f"(R) = 0$, and show that this theory may offer a way to explain Dark Energy and/or Dark Matter without having to make use of the chameleon mechanism to agree with solar system tests.
Natural regeneration in Atlantic Forest Fragments: using ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for monitoring a conservation unit

The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is considered one of the most threatened tropical forests in the world due to the extensive environmental impact it has endured throughout history. Only 12.4% of its original vegetation is estimated to remain. Even though reduced and highly fragmented, it houses enormous biodiversity, and its preservation is paramount to the maintenance of the country’s fauna, flora, funga and microbiota. One of the most efficient measures adopted by public agencies aimed at protecting biodiversity has been the creation of conservation units. To evaluate the preservation state of protected areas, several environmental studies have been performed; species inventories are one among them. Ants are excellent bioindicators, for they are not only sensitive to environmental changes, but they also have a history of being used in impact assessment (i.e., fragmentation). In this study we assessed the ant communities inhabiting the leaf litter in areas with different regeneration states at the RPPN Botujuru – Serra do Itapety (Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo – Brazil). Mini-Winkler traps were used in the ant survey, and diversity analyses were performed. In total, we recorded 86 species of ants, with a highlight to Camponotus cillae Forel, 1912, a species that remained unrecorded for the state of São Paulo for over 100 years, and a possible new species of Octostruma Forel, 1912. Overall, the species found show that the areas are in the process of natural regeneration. Our data on RPPN Botujuru is unprecedented, and our species list has the potential of being used as an effective monitoring tool for this conservation unit.
HALL CURRENT EFFECTS IN MEAN-FIELD DYNAMO THEORY

The role of the Hall term on large-scale dynamo action is investigated by means of the first-order smoothing approximation. It is shown that the standard α coefficient is altered, and is zero when a specific double Beltrami state is attained, in contrast to the Alfvénic state for magnetohydrodynamical dynamos. The β coefficient is no longer positive definite, and thereby enables dynamo action even if α-quenching were to operate. The similarities and differences with the (magnetic) shear-current effect are pointed out, and a mechanism that may be potentially responsible for is advanced. The results are compared against previous studies, and their astrophysical relevance is also highlighted.
On the universality of luminosity-metallicity and mass-metallicity relations for compact star-forming galaxies at redshifts 0 < z < 3

We study relations between global characteristics of low-redshift (0 1. These data were combined with the corresponding data for high-redshift (2 < z < 3) star-forming galaxies. We find that in all diagrams low-z and high-z star-forming galaxies are closely related indicating a very weak dependence of metallicity on stellar mass, redshift, and star-formation rate. This finding argues in favour of the universal character of the global relations for compact star-forming galaxies with high-excitation HII regions over redshifts 0 < z < 3.
Precision Calculations in Supersymmetric Theories

In this paper we report on the newest developments in precision calculations in supersymmetric theories. An important issue related to this topic is the construction of a regularization scheme preserving simultaneously gauge invariance and supersymmetry. In this context, we discuss in detail dimensional reduction in component field formalism as it is currently the preferred framework employed in the literature. Furthermore, we set special emphasis on the application of multi-loop calculations to the analysis of gauge coupling unification, the prediction of the lightest Higgs boson mass, and the computation of the hadronic Higgs production and decay rates in supersymmetric models. Such precise theoretical calculations up to the fourth order in perturbation theory are required in order to cope with the expected experimental accuracy on the one hand and to enable us to distinguish between the predictions of the Standard Model and those of supersymmetric theories on the other hand.
Two-Stage Filtering for Joint State-Parameter Estimation

AbstractThis paper presents an approach for the simultaneous estimation of the state and unknown parameters in a sequential data assimilation framework. The state augmentation technique, in which the state vector is augmented by the model parameters, has been investigated in many previous studies and some success with this technique has been reported in the case where model parameters are additive. However, many geophysical or climate models contain nonadditive parameters such as those arising from physical parameterization of subgrid-scale processes, in which case the state augmentation technique may become ineffective. This is due to the fact that the inference of parameters from partially observed states based on the cross covariance between states and parameters is inadequate if states and parameters are not linearly correlated. In this paper, the authors propose a two-stage filtering technique that runs particle filtering (PF) to estimate parameters while updating the state estimate using an ensemble.
Magnetism in rare-earth quasicrystals: RKKY interactions and ordering

We study magnetism in simple models for rare-earth quasicrystals, by considering Ising spins on a quasiperiodic tiling, coupled via RKKY interactions. Computing these interactions from a tight-binding model on the tiling, we find that they are frustrated and strongly dependent on the local environment. Although such features are often associated with spin glass behaviour, we show using Monte Carlo simulations that the spin system has a phase transition to a low-temperature state with long-range quasiperiodic magnetic order.
Conservative classical and quantum resolution limits for incoherent imaging

Abstract I propose classical and quantum limits to the statistical resolution of two incoherent optical point sources from the perspective of minimax parameter estimation. Unlike earlier results based on the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB), the limits proposed here, based on the worst-case error criterion and a Bayesian version of the CRB, are valid for any biased or unbiased estimator and obey photon-number scalings that are consistent with the behaviours of actual estimators. These results prove that, from the minimax perspective, the spatial-mode demultiplexing measurement scheme recently proposed by Tsang, Nair, and Lu [Phys. Rev. X 2016, 6 031033. ] remains superior to direct imaging for sufficiently high photon numbers.
Optimal dynamics for quantum-state and entanglement transfer through homogeneous quantum systems

It is shown that eective quantum-state and entanglement transfer can be obtained by inducing a coherent dynamics in quantum wires with homogeneous intrawire interactions. This goal is accom- plished by tuning the coupling between the wire endpoints and the two qubits there attached, to an optimal value. A general procedure to determine such value is devised, and scaling laws between the optimal coupling and the length of the wire are found. The procedure is implemented in the case of a wire consisting of a spin- 1 XY chain: results for the time dependence of the quantities which characterize quantum-state and entanglement transfer are found of extremely good quality and al- most independent of the wire length. The present approach does not require ad hoc engineering of the intrawire interactions nor a specic initial pulse shaping, and can be applied to a vast class of quantum channels. One of the most commonly requested conditions in quantum communication and computation protocols is that two distant parties, typically Alice and Bob, share a couple of entangled qubits. When the physical objects encoding the qubits can travel, as in the case of optical photons, the above goal can be accomplished by creat- ing the entangled couple in a limited region of space and then letting the qubits fly where necessary. On the other hand, when qubits are realized via intrinsically localized