Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Keystroke and Eye-Tracking Biometrics for User Identification

Intelligent Information Technology Research Laboratory,Jodrey School of Computer Science, Acadia University,Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada B4P 2R6danny.silver@acadiau.caphone:902-585-1105, fax: 902-585-1067Abstract. Two sources of weak biometric data are investigated for thedevelopment of user identiﬁcation models. A probabilistic neural net-work model is created from keystroke digraph features extracted fromraw typing data. A second model is developed from scan-path featuresextracted from raw eye-tracking data. A third model is created froma combination of features from the two biometric sources. Experimen-tal results show that models based on keystroke biometric data performvery well, whereas the models involving the eye-tracking data are not assuccessful but encourage further study.Keywords: biometric modeling, probabilistic neural networks, eye-tracking, keystrokeanalysis.
Factors affecting the likelihood of reporting road crashes resulting in medical treatment to the police

Objective: This paper aims to determine the percentage of road crashes resulting in injuries requiring hospital care that are reported to the police and to identify factors associated with reporting such crashes to the police. Design: The data of one of two hospitals in the Road Casualty Information System were matched with the police’s Traffic Accident Database System. Factors affecting the police-reporting rate were examined at two levels: the different reporting rates among subgroups examined and tested with χ2 tests; and multiple explanatory factors were scrutinised with a logistic regression model to arrive at the odds ratios to reflect the probability of police-reporting among subgroups. Results: The police-reporting rate was estimated to be 57.5–59.9%. In particular, under-reporting among children (reporting rate = 33.6%) and cyclists (reporting rate = 33.0%) was notable. Discussion: Accurate and reliable road crash data are essential for unveiling the full-scale and nature of the road safety problem. The police crash database needs to be supplemented by other data. In particular, any estimation about the social costs of road crashes must recognise the under-reporting problem. The large number of injuries not reflected in the police crash database represents a major public health issue that should be carefully examined.
Intracellular trafficking of the K V 1.3 potassium channel is regulated by the pro-domain of a matrix metalloprotease

To whom correspondence should be addressed: 1. Professor K. George Chandy, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, 291 Irvine Hall, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697. Fax: 949 8243143; E-mail: gchandy@uci.edu 2. Professor Ray Norton, Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. Fax: +61 3 99039167; Email: ray.norton@monash.edu
Chronic Central Nervous System MC3/4R Blockade Attenuates Hypertension Induced by Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition but Not by Angiotensin II Infusion

We examined whether central melanocortin 3 and 4 receptor (MC3/4R) blockade attenuates the blood pressure (BP) responses to chronic L-NAME or angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion in Sprague–Dawley rats implanted with telemetry transmitters, venous catheters, and intracerebroventricular cannula into the lateral ventricle. After 5 days of control measurements, L-NAME (10 &mgr;g/kg/min IV, groups 1 and 2) or Ang II (10 ng/kg/min IV, groups 3 and 4) were infused for 24 days, and starting on day 7 of L-NAME or Ang II infusion, the MC3/4R antagonist SHU-9119 (24 nmol/d, n=6/group; groups 1 and 3) or vehicle (saline 0.5 &mgr;L/h, n=6/group; groups 2 and 4) was infused intracerebroventricularly for 10 days. A control normotensive group also received SHU-9119 for 10 days (n=5). L-NAME and Ang II increased BP by 40±3 and 56±5 mm Hg, respectively, although heart rate was slightly reduced. MC3/4R blockade doubled food intake and reduced heart rate (≈40 to ≈50 bpm) in all groups. MC3/4R blockade caused only a small reduction in BP in normotensive group (4 mm Hg) and no change in rats receiving Ang II, although markedly reducing BP by 21±4 mm Hg in L-NAME–treated rats. After SHU-9119 infusion was stopped, food intake, heart rate, and BP gradually returned to values observed before SHU-9119 infusion was started. Ganglionic blockade at the end of L-NAME or Ang II infusion caused similar BP reduction in both groups. These results suggest that the brain MC3/4R contributes, at least in part, to the hypertension induced by chronic L-NAME infusion but not by Ang II.
[Heparin-surface-modified PMMA intraocular lenses in children in early and late follow-up].

PURPOSE To compare anatomical and functional state of eyeballs after congenital cataract extraction and heparin-surface-modified PMMA (HSM-PMMA) or PMMA implanted lenses and to conclude, which type of implants is more advantageous in young patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS 42 eyes of 30 children at the age of 3-16 years with congenital or developmental cataract after extraction and IOL implantation: I group--HSM-PMMA lenses in 24 eyes, and PMMA lenses in 18 eyes--II group. Mean age in the I group was 6 years and in the II group 8 years, p = 0.07. The presence of cellular and pigment deposits on the IOL surface as a sign of postoperative inflammation was examined by slit-lamp within 1 month after surgery. We have compared the results of visual acuity (V/A), corneal endothelium cell density and posterior capsule state. The examination were done in the short-term follow-up mean 14.1 months (4-24 months) in the I group and mean 32.1 months (16-48 months) in the II group. In the long-term follow-up mean 38 months (30-44 months) in the I group, and mean 56.1 months (40-72 months) in the II group. RESULTS Within first month after operation cellular and pigment deposits on the IOL surface were seen more often in the II group, p = 0.03. Best corrected V/A was comparable in both groups in the short-term and the long-term follow-up. At last visit, mean value of V/A was 0.54 (I group) and 0.42 (II group), p = 0.37. There was no significant difference between central corneal endothelial cell density in both groups: before (2893 +/- 261/mm2 and 2821 +/- 217/mm2, p = 0.143) and after operation (2371 +/- 202/mm2 and 2361 +/- 299/mm2, p = 0.428). In the short-term follow-up, but not longer than within first 12 months after surgery the frequency of clinically significant posterior capsule opacification (PCO) was less in the HSM-PMMA group (8%), than in the PMMA group (33%), p = 0.006. In the long-term follow-up there was no statistically significant difference in PCO appearance between these groups (44% and 50%, p = 0.27). CONCLUSIONS Heparin-surface-modified intraocular lenses reduced postoperative inflammation and delayed the incidence of PCO in children. Heparin-surface-modified intraocular lenses are more advantageous, than PMMA lenses in young patients.
Culpabilité et conduites prosociales : l'embodiment, l'approbation sociale et l'épuisement du soi

La culpabilite est une emotion introspective resultant de la reflexion sur l'association entre le soi et ses propres torts. Parce que la culpabilite montre les aspects probablement desagreables du soi, les individus sont motives a se deculpabiliser. D'apres les theories traditionnelles de la culpabilite, la culpabilite vient de processus cognitifs de haut niveau et son intensite depend du niveau d'attribution de la faute au soi. Ces theories, fondees sur les theories standards de cognition, soulignent les aspects intellectuels et rationnels de la culpabilite. Les theories de l'embodiment rejettent la separation entre les etats corporels et situationnels et la connaissance. Les stimuli sociaux peuvent produire des etats somatiques et susciter des reponses dans le soi. Les etats corporels et visceraux du soi peuvent susciter des etats affectifs. Selon les theories personnifiees, la culpabilite doit aussi etre influencee par des etats corporels et situationnels. Nos etudes ont vise a comprendre les influences des facteurs corporels et contextuels sur la culpabilite et la deculpabilisation. Une premiere etude (N=65) a compare l'efficacite de l'observation et de la personnification de nettoyage sur la deculpabilisation. Les resultats ont montre que (a) l'observation de nettoyage a pu deculpabiliser les individus et les conduire a se comporter moins prosocialement mais qu'elle etait moins efficace que la personnification de nettoyage ; (b) la personnification du concept de nettoyage a pu apaiser les jugements moraux severes. Deux etudes (N=393) ont ensuite explore l'effet de l'approbation sociale sur la deculpabilisation au moyen de la personnification du concept de la proprete. Les resultats ont montre que l'approbation sociale etait un facteur important dans la personnification du concept de la proprete et qu'elle a pu moderer l'effet du concept de proprete sur la deculpabilisation. Deux etudes (N=141) ont enfin analyse l'effet de l'epuisement et de la restauration d'energie sur la culpabilite et la deculpabilisation. Les resultats ont montre que l'epuisement a diminue le sentiment de culpabilite puis le comportement prosocial, et que la restauration d'energie a pu restaurer la capacite d'eprouver de la culpabilite. Nos travaux montrent que, la culpabilite est une emotion morale et prosociale qui est dependante de facteurs corporels et situationnels. Des changements de statuts corporels et contextuels peuvent contribuer a deculpabiliser les individus.
Evidence mandating earlier and more aggressive treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

The long-standing controversy over the validity of the lipid hypothesis of atherosclerosis has been settled.1–3 In several large-scale, 5-year trials, statins have reduced coronary heart disease (CHD) morbidity and mortality by ≈30%, and the magnitude of the protective effect mirrored the magnitude of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) lowering.4 However, as has been quite correctly pointed out,5,6 some 70% of those expected to have an event (based on the number of events in the control group) went on to have one during the 5 years of the trial despite statin therapy. For example, in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study, 502 events occurred in the untreated group and 353 in the statin-treated group. The number of events prevented (n=149), as a percentage of the number expected, was 29.7% (149/502×100); the number of events in the statin group that were not prevented (353) amounts to 70.3% (353/502×100). Looked at this way, the results are admittedly not quite so impressive. In fact, some investigators are now taking the position that we can expect to achieve higher salvage rates only if we supplement LDL-lowering therapies with alternative interventions such as the use of antiinflammatory agents or immunotherapy. This may turn out to be true. However, it is much too early to reach that conclusion for reasons we discuss here. The search for alternative or supplementary therapies is already in full swing and should continue.6–8 We are confident that one day these additional therapies will take their place alongside cholesterol-lowering agents in our armamentarium. However, we believe that the results of the statin trials to date considerably underestimate the full potential of cholesterol-lowering strategies. It would be unfortunate if efforts to fully exploit that potential faltered because of a misplaced pessimism based on the statin results to date. Our current approaches may …
Acute Systemic Infection with Dengue Virus Leads to Vascular Leakage and Death through Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Tie2/Angiopoietin Signaling in Mice Lacking Type I and II Interferon Receptors

Severe dengue is caused by host responses to viral infection, but the pathogenesis remains unknown. This is, in part, due to the lack of suitable animal models. Here, we report a non-mouse-adapted low-passage DENV-3 clinical isolate, DV3P12/08, derived from recently infected patients. DV3P12/08 caused a lethal systemic infection in type I and II IFN receptor KO mice (IFN-α/β/γR KO mice), which have the C57/BL6 background. Infection with DV3P12/08 induced a cytokine storm, resulting in severe vascular leakage (mainly in the liver, kidney and intestine) and organ damage, leading to extensive hemorrhage and rapid death. DV3P12/08 infection triggered the release of large amounts of TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1. Treatment with a neutralizing anti-TNF-α antibody (Ab) extended survival and reduced liver damage without affecting virus production. Anti-IL-6 neutralizing Ab partly prolonged mouse survival. The anti-TNF-α Ab suppressed IL-6, MCP-1, and IFN-γ levels, suggesting that the severe response to infection was triggered by TNF-α. High levels of TNF-α mRNA were expressed in the liver and kidneys, but not in the small intestine, of infected mice. Conversely, high levels of IL-6 mRNA were expressed in the intestine. Importantly, treatment with Angiopoietin-1, which is known to stabilize blood vessels, prolonged the survival of DV3P12/08-infected mice. Taken together, the results suggest that an increased level of TNF-α together with concomitant upregulation of Tie2/Angiopoietin signaling have critical roles in severe dengue infection.
Extent of recovery from the effects of visual deprivation in kittens.

Seven kittens were used, and the various procedures of deprivation and subsequent studies are summarized in Table 1. In six animals the Iids of one eye were closed for the first 3 months of life. In the recovery period two of these kittens had the deprived eye opened. The other four had the deprived eye opened and the other (previously open) eye was closed. The seventh animal had both eyes closed for 3 months; the right eye was then opened. Recovery periods
Bovine CNS Myelin Contains Neurite Growth-Inhibitory Activity Associated with Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans

The absence of fiber regrowth in the injured mammalian CNS is influenced by several different factors and mechanisms. Besides the nonconducive properties of the glial scar tissue that forms around the lesion site, individual molecules present in CNS myelin and expressed by oligodendrocytes, such as NI-35/NI-250, bNI-220, and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), have been isolated and shown to inhibit axonal growth. Here, we report an additional neurite growth-inhibitory activity purified from bovine spinal cord myelin that is not related to bNI-220 or MAG. This activity can be ascribed to the presence of two chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), brevican and the brain-specific versican V2 splice variant. Neurite outgrowth of neonatal cerebellar granule cells and of dorsal root ganglion neuronsin vitro was strongly inhibited by this myelin fraction enriched in CSPGs. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that brevican and versican V2 are present on the surfaces of differentiated oligodendrocytes. We provide evidence that treatment of oligodendrocytes with the proteoglycan synthesis inhibitors β-xylosides can strongly influence the growth permissiveness of oligodendrocytes. β-Xylosides abolished cell surface presentation of brevican and versican V2 and reversed growth cone collapse in encounters with oligodendrocytes as demonstrated by time-lapse video microscopy. Instead, growth cones were able to grow along or even into the processes of oligodendrocytes. Our results strongly suggest that brevican and versican V2 are additional components of CNS myelin that contribute to its nonpermissive substrate properties for axonal growth. Expression of these CSPGs on oligodendrocytes may indicate that they participate in the restriction of structural plasticity and regeneration in the adult CNS.
EFNS guidelines on the use of neuroimaging in the management of motor neuron diseases

Background and purpose: These European Federation of Neurological Societies guidelines on neuroimaging of motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are designed to provide practical help for the neurologists to make appropriate use of neuroimaging techniques in patients with MNDs, which ranges from diagnostic and monitoring aspects to the in vivo study of the pathobiology of such conditions.
Smokeless Tobacco Extract (STE)-Induced Toxicity in Mammalian Cells is Mediated by the Disruption of Cellular Microtubule Network: A Key Mechanism of Cytotoxicity

Smokeless tobacco usage is a growing public health problem worldwide. The molecular mechanism(s) underlying smokeless tobacco associated tissue damage remain largely unidentified. In the present study we have tried to explore the effects of aqueous extract of smokeless tobacco (STE) on tubulin-microtubule, the major cytoskeleton protein that maintains cells morphology and participates in cell division. Exposure to STE resulted in dose-dependent cytotoxicity in a variety of mammalian transformed cell lines such as human lung epithelial cells A549, human liver epithelial cells HepG2, and mouse squamous epithelial cells HCC7, as well as non-tumorogenic human peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBMC. Cellular morphology of STE-treated cells was altered and the associated disruption of microtubule network indicates that STE targets tubulin-microtubule system in both cell lines. Furthermore it was also observed that STE-treatment resulted in the selective degradation of cellular tubulin, whereas actin remains unaltered. In vitro, polymerization of purified tubulin was inhibited by STE with the IC50 value∼150 µg/ml and this is associated with the loss of reactive cysteine residues of tubulin. Application of thiol-based antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) significantly abrogates STE-mediated microtubule damage and associated cytotoxicity in both A549 and HepG2 cells. These results suggest that microtubule damage is one of the key mechanisms of STE-induced cytotoxity in mammalian cells.
Analysing the scientific conference presentation (CP), A methodological overview of a multimodal genre

Cet article envisage trois demarches differentes pour la caracterisation d’un genre scientifique specifique : la communication orale de congres. Nous mettons en evidence certains problemes methodologiques souleves par une telle analyse, et nous traitons des avantages et des inconvenients des trois demarches pour apprehender ce genre scientifique important. La premiere demarche se fonde sur une analyse microscopique du discours et s'attache a l'etude de certaines particularites syntaxiques de la communication scientifique orale qui resultent des motivations particulieres du contexte communicatif du congres scientifique. La deuxieme demarche est macroscopique : il s'agit d'explorer les possibilites d’analyser l’organisation rhetorique de la communication de congres a l’aide d’un move analysis. Toutefois, ces deux demarches n’eclairent pas la dimension multimodale de la communication orale de congres. Nous soulignons donc dans une troisieme partie certains aspects importants d'une analyse veritablement multimodale.
The conditional biological activity of the carcinogens in carbon blacks, and its elimination.

Summary and Conclusions 1.A carbon black from which 3,4-benzpyrene and other aromatic hydrocarbons could be eluted with benzene was carcinogenic on subcutaneous test in mice when it was injected with tricaprylin but practically inactive in pellet form. This difference in result is interpreted as showing that the subcutaneous tissues had no eluent adequate to make the chemical available for carcinogenic action on the adjacent cells. These experiments illustrate three principles in carcinogenesis, namely, (a) the existence of “natural” carcinogenic compounds; (b) the occurrence of conditional carcinogens; and (c) the importance of the solvent in the carcinogenic response. 2.A carbon black whose benzene extracts contain no recognized carcinogenic hydrocarbons was slightly carcinogenic on biological test. It is probable that adsorbed carcinogenic chemicals were present which were not eluted in vitro but which became available for carcinogenic activity in vivo, indicating that the biological test for carcinogenicity was better than the chemical. 3.When the potent carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbon, 3,4-benzpyrene, in an amount which when tested alone gave a 95 per cent tumor yield, was added to a noncarcinogenic carbon black of small average particle diameter prior to injection, no tumors were induced by the combination. This inactivation is attributed to adsorption, and it is interpreted as signifying that in the adsorbed state this carcinogen was rendered biologically inactive. 4.The carcinogenic activity of a carbon black was eliminated by destruction and by adsorption; it was nearly eliminated by solvent extraction. 5.The phenomenon of adsorption was a more potent factor than the solvent in determining the carcinogenic response under the experimental conditions used. 6.The principles of natural and conditional carcinogens, of solvent elution, and of adsorption are advanced to explain some clinical and epidemiological observations on human skin and lung cancers, and on the role of preceding pathological lesions in predisposing to pulmonary tumors.
Glutamine‐Supplemented Total Parenteral Nutrition Enhances T‐Lymphocyte Response in Surgical Patients Undergoing Colorectal Resection

ObjectiveThe authors determined the effect of glutamine-supplementation of TPN on postoperative peripheral blood T-cell response and proinflammatory cytokine production in patients undergoing colorectal resection. Summary Background DataSeveral vital tissues, including the immune system, are very dependent on glutamine; however, this amino acid, which may be essential in conditions of stress, only now is becoming formulated suitably for incorporation into TPN. The effects of such supplementation on the immune function of stressed surgical patients is unknown. MethodsPatients (n = 20) were randomized to receive conventional TPN (0.2 g nitrogen/kg/d) or an isonitrogenous/isocaloric regimen with 0.18 g of glutamine/kg/d from days 1 to 6 postoperatively. T-cell DNA synthesis and interleukin (IL)-2 production and peripheral blood mononuclear cell IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production were measured in vitro preoperatively and on days 1 and 6 postoperatively. ResultsT-cell DNA synthesis after 5 days of TPN was increased compared with preoperative values in the glutamine-supplemented group (median preoperative tritiated thymidine uptake: 78.3 X 103 cpm, day 6: 95.0 X 103 cpm, p < 0.05). There was no such increase in the control TPN group (preoperative: 89.0 X 103 cpm, day 6: 69.4 X 103 cpm, p > 0.05). Glutamine supplementation did not influence IL-2 production or the production of TNF or IL-6. ConclusionsGlutamine supplementation may be a method of enhancing T-cell function in the surgical patient receiving TPN.
Microblog Retrieval in a Disaster Situation: A New Test Collection for Evaluation

Microblogging sites are important sources of situational information during disaster situations. Hence it is important to design and evaluate Information Retrieval (IR) systems that retrieve information from microblogs during disaster situations. The primary contribution of this paper is to develop a test collection for evaluating IR systems for microblog retrieval in disaster situations. The collection consists of about 50,000 microblogs posted during the Nepal earthquake in April 2015, a set of five topics (information needs) that are practically important during a disaster, and the gold standard annotations of which microblogs are relevant to each topic. We also present some IR models that can be suitable in this evaluation setup, including a standard language model based retrieval, and word embedding based retrieval. We find that the term embedding based retrieval performs better for short, noisy microblogs.