Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ceacam1 Separates Graft-versus-Host-Disease from Graft-versus-Tumor Activity after Experimental Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation

Background Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) is a potentially curative therapy for a variety of hematologic diseases, but benefits, including graft-versus-tumor (GVT) activity are limited by graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD). Carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule 1 (Ceacam1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein found on epithelium, T cells, and many tumors. It regulates a variety of physiologic and pathological processes such as tumor biology, leukocyte activation, and energy homeostasis. Previous studies suggest that Ceacam1 negatively regulates inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease models. Methods We studied Ceacam1 as a regulator of GVHD and GVT after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) in mouse models. In vivo, Ceacam1−/− T cells caused increased GVHD mortality and GVHD of the colon, and greater numbers of donor T cells were positive for activation markers (CD25hi, CD62Llo). Additionally, Ceacam1−/− CD8 T cells had greater expression of the gut-trafficking integrin α4β7, though both CD4 and CD8 T cells were found increased numbers in the gut post-transplant. Ceacam1−/− recipients also experienced increased GVHD mortality and GVHD of the colon, and alloreactive T cells displayed increased activation. Additionally, Ceacam1−/− mice had increased mortality and decreased numbers of regenerating small intestinal crypts upon radiation exposure. Conversely, Ceacam1-overexpressing T cells caused attenuated target-organ and systemic GVHD, which correlated with decreased donor T cell numbers in target tissues, and mortality. Finally, graft-versus-tumor survival in a Ceacam1+ lymphoma model was improved in animals receiving Ceacam1−/− vs. control T cells. Conclusions We conclude that Ceacam1 regulates T cell activation, GVHD target organ damage, and numbers of donor T cells in lymphoid organs and GVHD target tissues. In recipients of allo-BMT, Ceacam1 may also regulate tissue radiosensitivity. Because of its expression on both the donor graft and host tissues, this suggests that targeting Ceacam1 may represent a potent strategy for the regulation of GVHD and GVT after allogeneic transplantation.
Effects of Ocean Acidification on Early Life Stages of Scleractinian Corals ( Genus Acropora )

Ocean acidification is predicted to progress with increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations emitted by human activities. This may be one of the most serious threats to marine calcifying organisms, including scleractinian corals. Decreasing calcification rates in corals with reduced ocean pH have been reported but studies on the effects of ocean acidification on early life stages are still insufficient. In the present paper, we focus on the effects of increased CO2 followed by reduced pH in seawater on (1) fertilization and early development, (2) planktonic larvae, and (3) postsettlement processes in scleractinian corals. Laboratory experiments revealed that acidified seawater negatively affects fertilization by suppressing sperm flagellar motility, recruitment through reduced metamorphosis, and postsettlement processes through skeletal loss. These findings suggest that ocean acidification negatively affects early life stages of corals, and then imply that ocean acidification may impact coral community structure.
Relationships between Plant Species Richness and Terrain in Middle Sub-Tropical Eastern China

The objective of this research was to study the relation between species richness and topography in the middle sub-tropical area of Eastern China. A species richness survey was conducted along altitude in Kaihua County, Zhejiang Province, Eastern China. Topographic variables, such as altitude, slope, aspect, terrain roughness, relief degree and the topographical wetness index, were extracted from the digital elevation model. The Generalized Additive Model (GAM), the linear model and the quadratic model were used to fit response curves of species richness to topographic variables. The results indicated that altitude and the topographical wetness index have a significant relation to species richness. Species richness has a unimodal response to altitude and a linear response to the topographical wetness index. However, no significant correlations were observed between slope, aspect and species richness. The predicted species richness by GAM is significantly correlated with the observed species richness, whereas the prediction error tends to increase with the increment of species richness. This study furthered insights into the relationship between topography and plants’ diversity in the middle sub-tropical area of Eastern China.
Eye Movement Control during Reading: Foveal Load and Parafoveal Processing

We tested theories of eye movement control in reading by looking at parafoveal processing. According to attention-processing theories, attention shifts towards word n+1 only when processing of the fixated word n is finished, so that attended parafoveal processing does not start until the programming of the saccade programming to word n+1 is initiated (Henderson & Ferreira, 1990; Morrison, 1984), or even later when the processing of word n takes too long (Henderson & Ferreira, 1990). Parafoveal preview benefit should be constant whatever the foveal processing load (Morrison, 1984), or should decrease when processing word n outlasts an eye movement programming deadline (Henderson & Ferreira, 1990). By manipulating the frequency and length of the foveal word n and the visibility of the parafoveal word n+1, we replicated the finding that the parafoveal preview benefit is smaller with a low-frequency word in foveal vision. Detailed analyses, however, showed that the eye movement programming deadline hypothesis could not account for this finding which was due not to cases where the low-frequency words n had received a long fixation, but to cases of a short fixations less than 240 msec. In addition, there was a spill-over effect of word n to word n+1, and there was an element of parallel processing of both words. The results are more in line with parallel processing limited by the extent to which the parafoveal word processing on fixation n can be combined with the foveal word processing on fixation n+1.
Assessment of the Mothers’ Knowledge in Oral Prevention

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the mothers’ knowledge in oral prevention. Our secondary objective was to know if there was a particular category of parents to better inform. We also aimed to evaluate the role of the dentist in prevention according to mothers and future mothers. Methods: The sample included 160 women aged between 16 and 48 years and hospitalized at the center of maternity and neonatology, Tunis. The evaluation was carried out by a questionnaire divided into 3 parts. The first part included design information, the second and third part included 19 questions that assess knowledge of women in oral prevention. The answers were evaluated following different recommendations. Anova test was used to analyze the correlation between mothers profile and knowledge. Entry and data analysis were done by SPSS statistics software 22. Results: Twelve questions were about the schematics of Keyes and got seven correct answers. Three questions focused on the transmission of caries and we got for the majority two correct answers. The majority of mothers gave wrong answers about the role of the dentist. Mothers are aware about effects of thumb sucking. Indeed, one question was asked and we got 80.64% of the answers correct. Conclusion: The overall average mark is 9.05 correct answers out of 19. This confirms that the level knowledge of Tunisian mothers in oral dental prevention remains inadequate. The evaluation of knowledge shows that the best answers was in brushing and transmission of carious disease. There were significant and positive correlations between mothers’ educational level, occupations, socio-economic level and the average marks.
Speech Disfluency and the Structure of Knowledge

It is generally accepted that filled pauses ("uh," "er," and "urn") indicate time out while the speaker searches for the next word or phrase. It is hypothesized that the more options, the more likely that a speaker will say "uh. " The academic disciplines differ in the extent to which their subject matter and mode of thought require a speaker to choose among options. The more formal, structured, and factual the discipline, the fewer the options. It follows that lecturers in the humanities should use more filled pauses during lectures than social scientists and that natural scientists should use fewest of all. Observations of lecturers in 10 academic disciplines indicate that this is the case. That this is due to subject matter rather than to self-selection into disciplines is suggested by observations of this same set of lecturers all speaking on a common subject. In this circumstance, the academic disciplines are identical in the number of filled pauses used. It is an unusually glib and articulate person who, on hearing a tape recording or reading a literal transcript of his or her remarks, has not been shocked by his or her apparent verbal clumsiness, characterized often by agrammatic, redundant speech that is interrupted by repeated words, false starts, long pauses, and guttural interruptions such as uh, ah, and um. That such disfluencies are an integral part of the speech production apparatus is suggested by studies of silent and filled (uh, ah, er, and um) pauses, which are based on the hypothesis that such interruptions in the flow of speech are indications of time for the speech production apparatus to search for the next word, phrase, or idea (Rochester, 1973). Such pauses, according to Lounsbury (1954), may be interpreted as indicative of the strength of association between sequential linguistic events. Alternatively, pauses have been interpreted in more cognitive
FAUST-STK : A SET OF LINEAR AND NONLINEAR PHYSICAL MODELS FOR THE FAUST PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

The FAUST Synthesis ToolKit is a set of virtual musical instruments written in the FAUST programming language and based on waveguide algorithms and on modal synthesis. Most of them were inspired by instruments implemented in the Synthesis ToolKit and the program SynthBuilder. Our attention has partly been focused on the pedagogical aspect of the implemented objects. Indeed, we tried to make the FAUST code of each object as optimized and as expressive as possible. Some of the instruments in the FAUST-STK use nonlinear allpass filters to create interesting and new behaviors. Also, a few of them were modified in order to use gesture data to control the performance. A demonstration of this kind of use is done in the Pure Data program. Finally, the results of some performances tests of the generated C++ code are presented.
Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate: postulated mechanism of action for management of enteropathy

The health and performance of the gastrointestinal tract is influenced by the interaction of a variety of factors, including diet, nutritional status, genetics, environment, stress, the intestinal microbiota, immune status, and gut barrier. Disruptions in one or more of these factors can lead to enteropathy or intestinal disorders that are known to occur in concert with certain disease states or conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Nutritional support in the form of a medical food along with current therapies could help manage the adverse effects of enteropathy, which include effects on nutrient digestion, absorption, and metabolism, as well as utilization of nutrients from foodstuffs. Numerous studies have demonstrated that oral administration of plasma- or serum-derived protein concentrates containing high levels of immunoglobulins can improve weight management, normalize gut barrier function, and reduce the severity of enteropathy in animals. Recent trials in humans provide preliminary evidence that a serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate is safe and improves symptoms, nutritional status, and various biomarkers associated with enteropathy in patients with HIV infection or diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. This review summarizes data from preclinical and clinical studies with immunoglobulin-containing plasma/serum protein concentrates, with a focus on the postulated mode of action of serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate for patients with enteropathy.
A STUDY OF β-SECRETASE CLEAVED ALZHEIMER AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN

5 LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS . 6 ABBREVIATIONS.7 INTRODUCTION . 8 ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE.8 History . 8 Epidemiology . 8 Clinical diagnosis of AD . 8 Pathology . 9 GENETICS.10 APP . 10 Presenilin 1 and 2.11 ApoE.11 Tau . 12 APP . 12 APP SECRETASES . 16 The α-secretases.16 The β-secretases.17 The γ-secretase complex . 17 APOPTOSIS IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE.18 BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS AND TREATMENT FOR AD.19 AIMS OF THE STUDY . 21 MATERIALS AND METHODS.22 Patient material.22 Antibodies . 23 Antibody characterisation of β939 . 23 Preparation and treatment of primary rat cortical cultures . 24 Transfection and treatment of human neuroblastoma cells. 25 MTT assay . 25 Annexin V and propidium iodide staining of intact cells.25 Propidium iodide staining of fixed cells. 26 Western blotting.26 Brain tissue processing and immunohistochemistry. 26 Statistics.27 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . 28 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES.41 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 45 REFERENCES . 46
Improve Resource-sharing through Functionality-preserving Merge of Cloud Application Topologies

Resource sharing is an important aspect how cost savings in cloud computing are realized. This is especially important in multi-tenancy settings, where different tenants share the same resource. This paper presents an approach to merge two application topologies into one, while on the one hand preserving the functionality of both applications and on the other hand enabling sharing of similar components. Previous work has not addressed this due to the lack of ways to describe topologies of composite applications in a decomposed, formal, and machine-readable way. New standardization initiatives, such as TOSCA, provide a way to describe application topologies, which are also portable and manageable. We propose an approach, realization, and architecture enabling a functionality-preserving merge of application topologies. To validate our approach we prototypically implemented and applied it to merge a set of test cases. All in all, the functional-preserving merge is a method to support the optimization and migration of existing applications to the cloud, because it increases resource sharing in the processed application topologies.
Who Are the Subjects with Gambling-Related Problems Requiring Treatment? A Study in Northern Italy

Background: This study analyzes data related to Hospital (HOS), Public Treatment Service Dedicated to Drug Addicts (SERD), or Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) clients with a first diagnosis of Pathological Gambling (PG) in the period 2000/2016 in Northern Italy. The aims were to describe trends and characteristics of pathological gamblers (PGs) and to estimate the prevalence of other diagnoses before or after the diagnosis of PG. Methods: Participants aged over 17 years with an ICD-9 or ICD-10 PG diagnosis were selected. Results: 680 PGs were identified, mean age 47.4 years, 20% female, 13% non-natives, 30% had other mental disorders diagnoses, 9% had alcohol dependence syndrome, and 11% had drug dependence. Most participants with comorbid disorders were diagnosed before PG, with a more elevated prevalence regarding mental disorders. Almost seven years had elapsed on average between the first admission and the diagnosis of PG. Conclusions: The results of this study highlight a growing demand for PG treatment addressed not only to SERD, but also to psychiatric and hospital services, based on the increase in SERD attendance from 2013. Many of them had already been treated for mental health problems before, but their percentage remained costant over time.
Hem-1 Complexes Are Essential for Rac Activation, Actin Polymerization, and Myosin Regulation during Neutrophil Chemotaxis

Migrating cells need to make different actin assemblies at the cell's leading and trailing edges and to maintain physical separation of signals for these assemblies. This asymmetric control of activities represents one important form of cell polarity. There are significant gaps in our understanding of the components involved in generating and maintaining polarity during chemotaxis. Here we characterize a family of complexes (which we term leading edge complexes), scaffolded by hematopoietic protein 1 (Hem-1), that organize the neutrophil's leading edge. The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family Verprolin-homologous protein (WAVE)2 complex, which mediates activation of actin polymerization by Rac, is only one member of this family. A subset of these leading edge complexes are biochemically separable from the WAVE2 complex and contain a diverse set of potential polarity-regulating proteins. RNA interference–mediated knockdown of Hem-1–containing complexes in neutrophil-like cells: (a) dramatically impairs attractant-induced actin polymerization, polarity, and chemotaxis; (b) substantially weakens Rac activation and phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-tris-phosphate production, disrupting the (phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-tris-phosphate)/Rac/F-actin–mediated feedback circuit that organizes the leading edge; and (c) prevents exclusion of activated myosin from the leading edge, perhaps by misregulating leading edge complexes that contain inhibitors of the Rho-actomyosin pathway. Taken together, these observations show that versatile Hem-1–containing complexes coordinate diverse regulatory signals at the leading edge of polarized neutrophils, including but not confined to those involving WAVE2-dependent actin polymerization.
Understanding Third-Party Libraries in Mobile App Analysis

Third-party libraries are widely used in mobile apps. Recent studies showed that third-party libraries account for more than 60% of the code in Android apps on average. As a result, program analysis on Android apps typically requires detecting or removing third-party libraries first, because they usually introduce significant noises and affect the analysis results. In this technical briefing, we will introduce the latest research advances related to third-party libraries used in mobile apps. The briefing will be focused on: (1) the importance of third-party libraries, including the current status, types and distribution, based on the analysis results on over 1 million Android apps, (2) how to detect third-party libraries from Android apps, including an overview of existing approaches and their limitations, (3) the implications of third-party libraries in software engineering tasks such as mobile app analysis, as well as case studies from the domain of program analysis and mobile security, (4) future challenges and research directions related to third-party libraries.
Electrical percolation threshold of cementitious composites possessing self-sensing functionality incorporating different carbon-based materials

An experimental study was carried out to understand the electrical percolation thresholds of different carbon-based nano- and micro-scale materials in cementitious composites. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and carbon black (CB) were selected as the nano-scale materials, while 6 and 12 mm long carbon fibers (CF6 and CF12) were used as the micro-scale carbon-based materials. After determining the percolation thresholds of different electrical conductive materials, mechanical properties and piezoresistive properties of specimens produced with the abovementioned conductive materials at percolation threshold were investigated under uniaxial compressive loading. Results demonstrate that regardless of initial curing age, the percolation thresholds of CNT, GNP, CB and CFs in ECC mortar specimens were around 0.55%, 2.00%, 2.00% and 1.00%, respectively. Including different carbon-based conductive materials did not harm compressive strength results; on the contrary, it improved overall values. All cementitious composites produced with carbon-based materials, with the exception of the control mixtures, exhibited piezoresistive behavior under compression, which is crucial for sensing capability. It is believed that incorporating the sensing attribute into cementitious composites will enhance benefits for sustainable civil infrastructures.
Structural Characterization of Lignin Isolated from Wheat-Straw during the Alkali Cooking Process

To investigate the behavior of lignin during the alkali cooking process with different alkali doses, this work demonstrated the structural characteristics illustrated by spectroscopic analyses. Gel permutation chromatography (GPC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) indicated that the lignin was composed of typical structures for a grass, generally with S and G units and small amounts of H units. The main substructures present were β-O-4 aryl ether linkages, and there were lower amounts of β-β and β-5 linkages. Alkali treatment conditions had evident effects on the chemical structures and properties of lignin. Moreover, NMR indicated that alkali cooking caused lignin to depolymerize more easily with increasing severity and to condense.
Glycoprotein Ibα inhibition and ADP receptor antagonists, but not aspirin, reduce platelet thrombus formation in flowing blood exposed to atherosclerotic plaques

Summary Anti-platelet drugs are used to prevent intra-arterial thrombus formation after rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. Until now, the inhibitory effect of present and future anti-platelet drugs such as aspirin, ADP receptor P2Y1/P2Y12 antagonists and glycoprotein (GP) Ibα inhibitors on the interaction of platelets with human plaques is not known. To study those effects we obtained human atherosclerotic plaques by surgical endarterectomy. Plaques induced maximal platelet aggregation in hirudinized platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and blood that was effectively inhibited by aspirin, the P2Y1 antagonist MRS2179 and the P2Y12 antagonist AR-C69931 MX, but not by GPIbα blockade with the mAB 6B4. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by MRS2179 was 74 ± 37% and 68 ± 20%, by AR-C69931 MX 94 ± 7% and 80 ± 6%, and by aspirin 88 ± 19% and 64 ± 28%, in PRP and blood, respectively (mean ± SD; n6–12 with plaques from 6 patients). The combination of both ADP receptor antagonists completely inhibited plaque-induced platelet aggregation in hirudinized PRP and blood. Under arterial flow conditions (1,500s-1), blockade of platelet GPIbα– resulted in a strong decrease of plaque-stimulated platelet adhesion/aggregate formation of 77 ± 5% (mean ± SD; n=4). Furthermore, MRS2I79, AR-C6993IMX and their combination reduced plaque-dependent platelet aggregate formation by 35 ± 14%, 32 ± 13% and 58 ± 12% (mean ± SD; n=5), respectively. Aspirin was without significant effect. In conclusion, a GPIbα-blocking antibody, as well as P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptor antagonists, alone or in combination, reduce in contrast to aspirin human plaque-induced platelet thrombus formation under arterial flow. Although these new anti-platelet agents inhibit platelet thrombus formation after plaque rupture, more efficient platelet blockers are required.