Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Child Maltreatment: Theory and Research on the Causes and Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect

Preface Part I. History And Denfinition: 1. Definitional issues in child maltreatment 2. Physical child abuse in America: past, present, and future 3. Pediatrics and child abuse 4. Sexual abuse of children: causes and consequences 5. The intergenerational transmission of child abuse Part II. Parental And Contextual Influences On Maltreatment: 6. Lessons from child abuse: the determinants of parenting 7. The antecedents of maltreatment: results of the Mother-Child Interaction Research Project 8. Parental attributions as moderators of affective communication to children at risk for physical abuse 9. Perceived similarities and disagreements about childrearing practices in abusive and nonabusive families 10. Cognitive foundations for parental care 11. Intergenerational continuities and discontinuities in serious parenting difficulties 12. The construct of empathy and the phenomenon of physical maltreatment of children Part III. The Developmental Consequences Of Child Maltreatment: 13. How research on child maltreatment has informed the study of child development: perspectives from developmental psychopathology 14. Child maltreatment and attachment theory 15. Patterns of maternal behaviour among infants at risk for abuse: relations with infant attachment behaviour and infant development at 12 months of age 16. Finding order in disorganization: lessons from research on maltreated infants' attachments to their caregivers 17. Peer relations in maltreated children 18. The effects of maltreatment on development during early childhood: recent studies and their theoretical, clinical and policy implications 19. Social cognition in maltreated children 20. The effects of maltreatment on the development of young children 21. Troubled youth, troubled families: the dynamics of adolescent maltreatment 22. Child abuse, delinquency, and violent criminality 23. The prevention of maltreatment Name index Subject index.
Latency-driven replica placement

This paper presents HotZone, an algorithm to place replicas in a wide-area network such that the client-to-replica latency is minimized. Similar to the previously proposed HotSpot algorithm, HotZone places replicas on nodes that along with their neighboring nodes generate the highest load. In contrast to HotSpot, however, HotZone provides nearly-optimal results by considering overlapping neighborhoods. HotZone relies on a geometric model of Internet latencies, which effectively reduces the cost of placing K replicas among N potential replica locations from O(N/sup 2/) to O(N /spl middot/ max(logN, K)).
Leveraging Document Structure for Better Classification of Complex Legal Documents

Document classification is a machine learning application that has been as impactful as it has been successful in a myriad of domains and applications. However, when the documents being classified are large and highly-complex, and when the set of potential classes is large as well, these models could be improved by incorporating more information about the documents’ overall structure. Most approaches use bag-of-words type models that discard local structure and focus on types of words or n-grams used. In this paper, we examine several models and attempt to leverage both local (e.g. n-gram) and global (e.g. structure and organization) document features. We apply these approaches to a new dataset of legal documents.
Harmony Generation Driven by a Perceptually Motivated Tonal Interval Space

We present D'accord, a generative music system for creating harmonically compatible accompaniments of symbolic and musical audio inputs with any number of voices, instrumentation, and complexity. The main novelty of our approach centers on offering multiple ranked solutions between a database of pitch configurations and a given musical input based on tonal pitch relatedness and consonance indicators computed in a perceptually motivated Tonal Interval Space. Furthermore, we detail a method to estimate the key of symbolic and musical audio inputs based on attributes of the space, which underpins the generation of key-related pitch configurations. The system is controlled via an adaptive interface implemented for Ableton Live, MAX, and Pure Data, which facilitates music creation for users regardless of music expertise and simultaneously serves as a performance, entertainment, and learning tool. We perform a threefold evaluation of D'accord, which assesses the level of accuracy of our key-finding algorithm, the user enjoyment of generated harmonic accompaniments, and the usability and learnability of the system.
Archaeological fragment characterization and 3D reconstruction based on projective GPU depth maps

Reconstruction of ancient artifacts from fragments found at archaeological sites, is a tedious task that requires many hours of work from the archaeologist and restoration personnel. In this paper, we introduce an automatic technique for fragment reconstruction based on projective GPU depth maps that takes, as input data, a set of geometric representations of broken flat fragments, and finds the best rigid transformation that maximizes the contact area between them. In order to efficiently perform the calculations, instead of using input B-REP models, we focus on the characterization of the fragments. Thus, with some pre-processing entirely executed in the GPU, the representation of the 3D models proposed in this paper reduces significantly the complexity of the automatic reconstruction problem. Since the amount of data to process is huge, exhaustive search techniques cannot be used in order to provide fast results. On the other hand, solving the correspondence problem implies providing the best solution among all possible ones. To solve the stated duality between efficiency and correctness, the search process hierarchically analyzes the orthographic projections of the fragments and, recursively, refines the representation ensuring the validity of provided results. Global convergency and correctness is granted using an optimistic estimation of the potential match during the search process. This way, the proposed algorithm can be classified as a global registration technique, that efficiently converges to the optimal solution without stopping in local minima solutions.
Policies, Activities, and Structures Supporting Research Mentoring: A National Survey of Academic Health Centers With Clinical and Translational Science Awards

Purpose To document the frequency of policies and activities in support of mentoring practices at institutions receiving a U.S. National Institutes of Health’s Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA). Method The study consisted of a 69-item survey with questions about the inclusion (formal or informal) of policies, activities, and structures supporting mentoring within CTSA-sponsored research (i.e., KL2 programs) and, more broadly, in the CTSA’s home institution. The survey, conducted from November 2010 through January 2011, was sent to the 55 institutions awarded CTSAs at the time of the survey. Follow-up phone interviews were conducted to clarify responses as needed. Results Fifty-one of 55 (92%) institutions completed the survey for institutional programs and 53 of 55 (96%) for KL2 programs. Responses regarding policies and activities involving mentor criteria, mentor–mentee relationship, incentives, and evaluative mechanisms revealed considerable variability between KL2 and institutional programs in some areas, such as having mentor qualification criteria and processes to evaluate mentors. The survey also identified areas, such as training and women and minority mentoring programs, where there was frequent sharing of activities between the institutional and KL2 programs. Conclusions KL2 programs and institutional programs tend to have different preferences for policies versus activities to optimize qualification of mentors, the mentor–mentee relationship, incentives, and evaluation mechanisms. Frequently, these elements are informal. Individuals in charge of implementing and maintaining mentoring initiatives can use the results of the study to consider their current mentoring policies, structures, and activities by comparing them with national patterns within CTSA institutions.
Closure effects on oxygen transfer and aerobic growth in shake flasks

Oxygen mass transfer in shake flasks is an important aspect limiting the culture of aerobic microorganisms. In this work, mass transfer of oxygen through a closure and headspace of shake flasks is investigated. New equations for prediction of kGa in shake flasks with closures are introduced. Using Pseudomonas putida, microbial growth on glucose (fast metabolism) and phenol (slow metabolism) in shake flasks with closures were studied, considering both substrate and oxygen restrictions. A combined model for oxygen mass transfer and microbial growth is shown to accurately predict experimental oxygen concentrations and oxygen yield factors during growth experiments more accurately than previous models. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Spanish Electricity Industry: Plus ça change...

In this paper we describe the Spanish electricity industry and its current regulatory regime. Special emphasis is given to the description and discussion of market design issues (including stranded cost recovery), the evolution of market structure, investment in generation capacity and network activities. We also provide a critical assessment of the 1997 regulatory reform, which did not succeed in introducing effective competition, but retained an opaque regulation which has been subject to continuous governmental interventionism. Furthermore, the implementation of the Kyoto agreement could show the lack of robustness of the regulatory regime.
Income, personality, and subjective financial well-being: the role of gender in their genetic and environmental relationships

Increasing levels of financial inequality prompt questions about the relationship between income and well-being. Using a twins sample from the Survey of Midlife Development in the U. S. and controlling for personality as core self-evaluations (CSE), we found that men, but not women, had higher subjective financial well-being (SFWB) when they had higher incomes. This relationship was due to ‘unshared environmental’ factors rather than genes, suggesting that the effect of income on SFWB is driven by unique experiences among men. Further, for women and men, we found that CSE influenced income and SFWB, and that both genetic and environmental factors explained this relationship. Given the relatively small and male-specific relationship between income and SFWB, and the determination of both income and SFWB by personality, we propose that policy makers focus on malleable factors beyond merely income in order to increase SFWB, including financial education and building self-regulatory capacity.
Relationship of Rate of Loading in Overground and Treadmill Gait

Riley et al. (2007) noted a lower push-off velocity in treadmill walking versus overground. The lower push-off velocity and subsequent reduced foot trajectory would explain the higher treadmill cadence noted by Warabi et al. (2005). However, what is unknown is whether these known differences between cadence and push-off velocity affect the foot’s initial contact and rate of loading (ROL). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship in overground and treadmill ROL in healthy women.
Quality collaboratives: lessons from research

Quality improvement collaboratives are increasingly being used in many countries to achieve rapid improvements in health care. However, there is little independent evidence that they are more cost effective than other methods, and little knowledge about how they could be made more effective. A number of systematic evaluations are being performed by researchers in North America, the UK, and Sweden. This paper presents the shared ideas from two meetings of these researchers. The evidence to date is that some collaboratives have stimulated improvements in patient care and organisational performance, but there are significant differences between collaboratives and teams. The researchers agreed on the possible reasons why some were less successful than others, and identified 10 challenges which organisers and teams need to address to achieve improvement. In the absence of more conclusive evidence, these guidelines are likely to be useful for collaborative organisers, teams and their managers and may also contribute to further research into collaboratives and the spread of innovations in health care.
Molecular Survey of Bartonella Species and Yersinia pestis in Rodent Fleas (Siphonaptera) From Chihuahua, Mexico

Abstract Rodent fleas from northwestern Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for the presence of Bartonella and Yersinia pestis. In total, 760 fleas belonging to 10 species were tested with multiplex polymerase chain reaction analysis targeting the gltA (338-bp) and pla genes (478-bp) of Bartonella and Y. pestis, respectively. Although none was positive for Y. pestis, 307 fleas were infected with Bartonella spp. , resulting in an overall prevalence of 40.4%. A logistic regression analysis indicated that the presence of Bartonella is more likely to occur in some flea species. From a subset of Bartonella-positive fleas, phylogenetic analyses of gltA gene sequences revealed 13 genetic variants clustering in five phylogroups (I–V), two of which were matched with known pathogenic Bartonella species (Bartonella vinsonii subsp. arupensis and Bartonella washoensis) and two that were not related with any previously described species or subspecies of Bartonella. Variants in phylogroup V, which were mainly obtained from Meringis spp. fleas, were identical to those reported recently in their specific rodent hosts (Dipodomys spp.) in the same region, suggesting that kangaroo rats and their fleas harbor other Bartonella species not reported previously. Considering the Bartonella prevalence and the flea genotypes associated with known pathogenic Bartonella species, we suggest that analysis of rodent and flea communities in the region should continue for their potential implications for human health. Given that nearby locations in the United States have reported Y. pestis in wild animals and their fleas, we suggest conducting larger-scale studies to increase our knowledge of this bacterium.
Laparoscopic treatment of type III and IV hiatal hernia – authors’ experience

Introduction There are four types of hiatal hernias, and diagnosis is established on the basis of gastroscopy in the majority of cases. Type III represents a mixed type in which the abdominal esophagus as well as the gastric cardia and fundus protrude into the thorax through the pathologically widened esophageal hiatus. Type IV, the so-called upside down stomach, can be considered an evolutionary form of type III, and refers to herniation of nearly the whole stomach (except for the cardia and pylorus) into the thorax. Types III and IV of hiatal hernias represent a group of rare diaphragmatic defects; thus, most centers do not possess considerable experience in their treatment. Frequently, laparoscopic treatment is implemented, although, according to some authors, conversion to laparotomy, thoracotomy, or thoracolaparotomy is necessary in selected cases. Aim To analyze the outcomes of laparoscopic treatment of the largest hiatal hernias, i.e. type III and IV hernias. Material and methods A total of 25 patients diagnosed with type III and IV hiatal hernia were included in further analysis. Results As many as 19 out of 25 patients (76%) assessed the outcome of the surgery as evidently positive and reported marked improvement in the quality of life. Conclusions The laparoscopic technique constitutes an excellent and safe method of repair of even the most complex defects in the esophageal hiatus. Therefore, the minimally invasive technique combined with an anti-reflux procedure should be the method of choice in patients with type III and IV hernia.
Effect of partial void filling on the lattice thermal conductivity of skutterudites

Polycrystalline samples of antimonides with the skutterudite crystal structure with La partially filling the voids have been prepared in an effort to quantify the impact of partial void filling on the lattice thermal conductivity of these compounds. It is observed that a relatively small concentration of La in the voids results in a relatively large decrease in the lattice thermal conductivity. In addition, the largest decrease in the lattice thermal conductivity, compared to ‘‘unfilled’’ CoSb 3 is not observed near 100% filling of the voids with La, as was previously believed. This suggests a point-defect-type phonon scattering effect due to the partial, random distribution of La in the voids as well as the ‘‘rattling’’ effect of the La ions, resulting in the scattering of a larger spectrum of phonons than in the case of 100% filling. An additional benefit of partial filling in thermoelectric materials is that it may be one way of adjusting the electronic properties of these compounds. Seebeck, resistivity, Hall effect and structural data for these skutterudite compounds are also presented. @S0163-1829~98! 02926-9#
Implementation of LDPC Decoder in DVB-S2 Using Min-Sum Algorithm

A new market on digital broadcasting is opening because of the adoption of digital video broadcasting second generation as a digital broadcasting standard in Europe. The DVB-S2 uses a low density parity check, so DVB-S2 has much fast communication speed than conventional DVB which uses Reed-Solomon code and convolutional code for error correction. In this paper, we valuate performance and implement LDPC decoder of FEC which is important sub-system of DVB-S2 using VHDL. The simulated and implemented LDPC decoder is based on the min-sum algorithm.
In vitro and in vivo activities of DW-224a, a novel fluoroquinolone antibiotic agent.

OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to assess the in vitro and in vivo activities of DW-224a in order to eventually use it as an antibiotic. METHODS DW-224a was compared with DW286, ciprofloxacin and trovafloxacin. MICs of DW-224a, DW286, ciprofloxacin and trovafloxacin were determined against several groups of clinical isolates. In addition, intraperitoneal infection was induced with various organisms in mice. Test compounds were administered once orally to mice immediately after infection. The 50% protective dose (PD50) was calculated from the survival rates on day 7 after infection. RESULTS Against Gram-positive bacteria, the in vitro activity of DW-224a was stronger than those of ciprofloxacin and trovafloxacin, but slightly weaker than that of DW286. Against Gram-negative bacteria, the activity of DW-224a was similar to those of trovafloxacin and DW286, but weaker than that of ciprofloxacin. In experimental systemic infections in mice with various organisms, like DW286, DW-224a demonstrated potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria and somewhat less activity against Gram-negative bacteria. CONCLUSIONS DW-224a has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, which is especially potent against Gram-positive bacteria.
New Views on Strand Asymmetry in Insect Mitochondrial Genomes

Strand asymmetry in nucleotide composition is a remarkable feature of animal mitochondrial genomes. Understanding the mutation processes that shape strand asymmetry is essential for comprehensive knowledge of genome evolution, demographical population history and accurate phylogenetic inference. Previous studies found that the relative contributions of different substitution types to strand asymmetry are associated with replication alone or both replication and transcription. However, the relative contributions of replication and transcription to strand asymmetry remain unclear. Here we conducted a broad survey of strand asymmetry across 120 insect mitochondrial genomes, with special reference to the correlation between the signs of skew values and replication orientation/gene direction. The results show that the sign of GC skew on entire mitochondrial genomes is reversed in all species of three distantly related families of insects, Philopteridae (Phthiraptera), Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera) and Braconidae (Hymenoptera); the replication-related elements in the A+T-rich regions of these species are inverted, confirming that reversal of strand asymmetry (GC skew) was caused by inversion of replication origin; and finally, the sign of GC skew value is associated with replication orientation but not with gene direction, while that of AT skew value varies with gene direction, replication and codon positions used in analyses. These findings show that deaminations during replication and other mutations contribute more than selection on amino acid sequences to strand compositions of G and C, and that the replication process has a stronger affect on A and T content than does transcription. Our results may contribute to genome-wide studies of replication and transcription mechanisms.
CaptureMe: Attacking the User Credential in Mobile Banking Applications

Recently, the wide use of smart devices (phones and tablets) encourage financial institution to consider mobile banking applications as a necessity service to their clients. In this paper, we propose a screenshot attack "CaptureMe" to investigate the security risks of the password visibility feature on Android platform with the mobile banking applications. In CaptureMe attack we used different known techniques to take screenshot images and we applied highly efficient Optical Character Recognition (OCR) analysis using tesseract-ocr engine to extract the user credential from the taken screenshot images. We also explore the possible protection mechanisms against CaptureMe with more than 130 mobile banking applications exist in Google play store.