Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sex Equity in Teacher-Child Interaction in Preschool Classrooms.

Three private preschool classes, one with 3-year-olds and two with 4-year-olds, were observed to determine if there was differential treatment of boys and girls. The observer used an observational form developed to observe and assess sex equity or inequity in teacher-child interactions. The data obtained from the observations was processed through the Statworks program. A t-test was run on the following teacher responses: teacher gives a soft reprimand, teacher gives praise, teacher gives directions, and teacher comments. The results revealed that for each type of the four teacher responses, no significant difference was found in the way the preschool teachers responded to girls or to boys. This was in contrast to other available research studies that found boys and girls were treated differently by their teacher in the classroom. In 8 out of the 10 studies, boys received more attention than girls, in some instances negative and in some instances positive. In the remaining two studies, girls received more attention in one study and more reinforcement in the other than boys received. The null hypothesis, that there is no difference in teacher-child interactions with boys and girls at the preschool level, was accepted based on the t-test results. Differences between this study and the older studies indicate, perhaps, a greater awareness of sex equity or inequity by educators. Appendices contain the Sex Equity/Inequity Observation form, the Sex Equity in the Preschool Classroom questionnaire, a transmittal letter, and tables-pertaining to the study. Contains 12 referen. :es. (Author/TJQ) *********************************************************************** '' Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality Points of view or opinions slated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. SEX EQUITY IN TEACHER-CHILD INTERACTION IN PRESCHOOL CLASSROOMS
Clustering on Sliding Windows in Polylogarithmic Space

In PODS 2003, Babcock, Datar, Motwani and O'Callaghan gave the first streaming solution for the k-median problem on sliding windows using O(frack k tau^4 W^2tau log^2 W) space, with a O(2^O(1/tau)) approximation factor, where W is the window size and tau in (0,1/2) is a user-specified parameter. They left as an open question whether it is possible to improve this to polylogarithmic space. Despite much progress on clustering and sliding windows, this question has remained open for more than a decade. In this paper, we partially answer the main open question posed by Babcock, Datar, Motwani and O'Callaghan. We present an algorithm yielding an exponential improvement in space compared to the previous result given in Babcock, et al. In particular, we give the first polylogarithmic space (alpha,beta)-approximation for metric k-median clustering in the sliding window model, where alpha and beta are constants, under the assumption, also made by Babcock et al., that the optimal k-median cost on any given window is bounded by a polynomial in the window size. We justify this assumption by showing that when the cost is exponential in the window size, no sublinear space approximation is possible. Our main technical contribution is a simple but elegant extension of smooth functions as introduced by Braverman and Ostrovsky, which allows us to apply well-known techniques for solving problems in the sliding window model to functions that are not smooth, such as the k-median cost.
Robust loop closures for scene reconstruction by combining odometry and visual correspondences

Given an image sequence and odometry from a moving camera, we propose a batch-based approach for robust reconstruction of scene structure and camera motion. A key part of our method is robust loop closure disambiguation. First, a structure-from-motion pipeline is used to get a set of candidate feature correspondences and the respective triangulated 3D landmarks. Thereafter, the compatibility of each correspondence constraint and the odometry is evaluated in a bundle-adjustment optimization, where only compatible constraints affect. Our approach is evaluated using data from a Google Tango device. The results show that it produces better reconstructions than the device's built-in software or a state-of-the-art pose-graph formulation.
Nonthermal ATP-dependent fluctuations contribute to the in vivo motion of chromosomal loci

Chromosomal loci jiggle in place between segregation events in prokaryotic cells and during interphase in eukaryotic nuclei. This motion seems random and is often attributed to Brownian motion. However, we show here that locus dynamics in live bacteria and yeast are sensitive to metabolic activity. When ATP synthesis is inhibited, the apparent diffusion coefficient decreases, whereas the subdiffusive scaling exponent remains constant. Furthermore, the magnitude of locus motion increases more steeply with temperature in untreated cells than in ATP-depleted cells. This “superthermal” response suggests that untreated cells have an additional source of molecular agitation, beyond thermal motion, that increases sharply with temperature. Such ATP-dependent fluctuations are likely mechanical, because the heat dissipated from metabolic processes is insufficient to account for the difference in locus motion between untreated and ATP-depleted cells. Our data indicate that ATP-dependent enzymatic activity, in addition to thermal fluctuations, contributes to the molecular agitation driving random (sub)diffusive motion in the living cell.
Bergmann Glia and the Recognition Molecule CHL1 Organize GABAergic Axons and Direct Innervation of Purkinje Cell Dendrites

The geometric and subcellular organization of axon arbors distributes and regulates electrical signaling in neurons and networks, but the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. In rodent cerebellar cortex, stellate interneurons elaborate characteristic axon arbors that selectively innervate Purkinje cell dendrites and likely regulate dendritic integration. We used GFP BAC transgenic reporter mice to examine the cellular processes and molecular mechanisms underlying the development of stellate cell axons and their innervation pattern. We show that stellate axons are organized and guided towards Purkinje cell dendrites by an intermediate scaffold of Bergmann glial (BG) fibers. The L1 family immunoglobulin protein Close Homologue of L1 (CHL1) is localized to apical BG fibers and stellate cells during the development of stellate axon arbors. In the absence of CHL1, stellate axons deviate from BG fibers and show aberrant branching and orientation. Furthermore, synapse formation between aberrant stellate axons and Purkinje dendrites is reduced and cannot be maintained, leading to progressive atrophy of axon terminals. These results establish BG fibers as a guiding scaffold and CHL1 a molecular signal in the organization of stellate axon arbors and in directing their dendritic innervation.
E-State Modeling of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Binding Independent of 3D Information

Data for HIV-1 protease inhibitors (in vitro enzyme binding) were used as a training set to develop a QSAR model based on topological descriptors, including two hydrogen E-state indices, along with a molecular connectivity chi and a kappa shape index. A statistically satisfactory four-variable model was obtained for the 32 compounds in the training set, r2 = 0.86, s = 0.60, and q2 = 0.79, without the use of information from 3D geometries or detailed interaction energy calculations. The model was validated through the prediction of 15 compounds in the external test set, yielding a mean absolute error, MAE, = 0.82. Structure interpretation is given for each variable to assist in the design of new compounds. Structure features emphasized in the model include hydrogen bond donating ability, nonpolar groups, skeletal branching, and molecular globularity. On the basis of these statistical criteria, this E-state model may be considered useful for prediction of pIC50 values for new HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
Mobility Support for Thin-Client Systems

Mobile IP enables mobile computers to roam transparently in any network. However, the current proposed protocol specification does not support a suitable handoff mechanism to allow a mobile computer to change its point of attachment from one network to another. This paper describes a technique to support thin-client systems with our handoff mechanism while providing subnetwork outage support for a mobile host which makes use of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) and Mobile IP without the need to introduce a new mobility management protocol or make changes to the network infrastructure. Results from handoff experiments show a dramatic reduction in the handoff latency and that mobility support for thin-clients is feasible.
Caching and Forwarding Layered Video in ICN Enabled Cellular Networks with Base-Station Assistance and D2D Communication

Users demand for watching high-quality video on the move is increasing day-by-day. Despite of achieving high bandwidth in the fourth and fifth generation of cellular networks, the bandwidth is not sufficient for meeting video-on-demand requests. Device-to-device communication is a way to achieve more spectral efficiency by frequency re-use. On the other hand, Information centric networking is introduced to optimize the Internet structure to handle the future user's demand. In this paper, we are introducing caching and forwarding the H.264/SVC encoded layered video in information centric networking enabled cellular network. In our proposal, base-station (either small-cell basestation of macro base-station) plays a vital role in managing the device-to-device communication and caching and forwarding decisions for the video content.
Performance Enhancement of the Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm

The Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) is a highly adaptive distributed routing algorithm used in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) that is able to provide multiple loop-free routes to a destination. TORA is very dependent on the services provided by the Internet MANET Encapsulation Protocol (IMEP) to effectively carry out its three main functions: Route Creation, Route Maintenance, and Route Erasure. However, TORA does not scale well in networks with a large number of traffic connections compared to other MANET protocols. We performed a comprehensive analysis into the workings of IMEP to determine which behaviour of IMEP leads to the poor performance of TORA and narrowed down the problem in IMEP. We suggested two approaches to improve the operations of IMEP: by increasing the maximum number of object block message retransmissions and by using a random RETRANS PERIOD. In addition, two different variations of TORA were developed to solve some of its performance problems: the network localization approach and selective node participation approach. The IMEP modifications and TORA variations resulted in an overall improvement in terms of packet delivery, routing overhead and packet latency in a variety of network scenarios.
Levetiracetam in the treatment of childhood epilepsy

Epilepsy is a common pediatric neurologic disorder that is difficult to manage in a substantial portion of children. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a novel antiepileptic drug (AED) that has recently been approved as add-on treatment for various seizure types in epilepsy populations that include children: for refractory partial seizures in epilepsy patients ≥4 years old, for myoclonic seizures in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy patients ≥12 years old, and for primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in idiopathic generalized epilepsy patients (≥6 years old with FDA approval; ≥12 years old with EMEA approval). A review of published pediatric studies indicates that the efficacy of LEV is best established for partial seizures; however, results from recent double-blind and open-label trials indicate that adjunctive LEV also controls generalized seizures – particularly myoclonic and generalized tonic-clonic – in children and adolescents with primary generalized epilepsy. LEV was well-tolerated in pediatric studies. The most common adverse events (AEs) reported were sedation related. Behavioral AEs were among the most commonly reported events in some trials; conversely, improvements in behavior and cognition were also frequently reported. LEV appears to be a safe and effective AED with unique characteristics that benefit the treatment of children with epilepsy.
Inhibition of Intestinal Sodium‐dependent Inorganic Phosphate Transport by Fibroblast Growth Factor 23

Abstract: The mechanisms by which fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) alters inorganic phosphate (Pi) homeostasis is not entirely clear. In the present study, we examined the effect of FGF23 on intestinal sodium‐dependent Pi transport in mice. Injection of FGF23(R179Q) markedly reduced serum Pi and 1,25(OH)2D3 levels in normal mice. Those animals show the reduction of intestinal sodium‐dependent Pi transport activity and the amount of type IIb sodium‐dependent Pi cotransporter (type IIb NaPi) protein in the brush border membrane vesicles. In vitamin D receptor null mice (VDR−/−), FGF23(R179Q) had no effect on intestinal sodium‐dependent Pi transport activity and type IIb NaPi protein levels. The present study suggests that FGF23(R179Q) reduces intestinal sodium‐dependent Pi transport activity and type IIb NaPi protein levels by a mechanism that is dependent on VDR.
Dynamic scheduling of nested loops with uniform dependencies in heterogeneous networks of workstations

Static algorithms have been proposed to parallelize loops with uniform dependencies for networks of workstations. However, the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of these networks demands a dynamic solution to the scheduling and load balancing problem. At the same time many dynamic scheduling algorithms have been proposed, but all of them are dealing with programs with parallel loops, i.e. loops without dependencies. In this paper we extend the applicability of dynamic algorithms by presenting a dynamic scheduling algorithm that uses simple data structures in order to handle programs with data dependencies. Experimental results validate the proposed algorithm in both homogeneous and heterogeneous networks.
High-performance WLAN architectures using MIMO technology in Line-of-Sight

—This paper investigates the Packet-Error-Rate (PER) and throughput performance of WLANs in Line-of-Sight (LoS) conditions. A novel antenna array architecture is proposed as a way of overcoming the problem of excessive correlation under these conditions. The performance of systems designed with the proposed method is assessed by means of link-level simulations using channels generated from an appropriate stochastic MIMO channel model. The results are validated using MIMO measurements at 5.2 GHz in an anechoic chamber and in an indoor office environment. Our study shows that a very substantial performance enhancement is possible, compared to conventional MIMO arrays, when the proposed architecture is employed. The difference between the modeled and measured cases was less than 0.5 dB at a PER of 10 -2 .
Student-Teacher Discourse in a College Reading Course Using the Portfolio Process: The Reflective Portfolio Conference--A Conversation about Learning.

AUTHOR Wickstrom, Carol D. TITLE Student-Teacher Discourse in a College Reading Course Using the Portfolio Process: The Reflective Portfolio Conference--A Conversation about Learning. PUB DATE 1998-04-13 NOTE 38p. ; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (San Diego, CA, April 13-17, 1998). PUB TYPE Reports Research (143) Speeches/Meeting Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS College Students; Discussion; Evaluation Methods; Higher Education; *Portfolio Assessment; Preservice Teacher Education; Reading Difficulties; Reading Instruction; Reading Skills; *Student Evaluation; Teacher Student Relationship IDENTIFIERS Conversation; Reflective Thinking; *Teacher Student Conferences
Improved classification performance of q-Gaussian meta-cognitive RBF classifier

In this paper, a new meta-cognitive RBF neural network classifier that uses a q-Gaussian activation function is presented. The q-Gaussian activation function has the capability to extend or contract the shape/response of the radial basis activation function, based on the value of the parameter q. This property is used to avoid a sharp fall in the response in the tail region, particularly when the feature space has large dimensions. In this paper, additionally the projection based learning algorithm developed earlier has also been improved by including additional criteria for neuron addition and parameter update. Using both binary and multiclass benchmark datasets with various level of class imbalance, from the UCI repository, the performance of the new classifier (referred to as Extended McRBFN) has been evaluated and compared with other existing Projection based learning-metacognitive RBF network (PBL-McRBFN), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. The results indicate that EMcRBFN achieves better classification performance compared to other classifiers for most of the datasets and at least similar performance for the remaining datasets.
Immediate Effect of Passive Smoking on Microcirculatory Flow

Exposure to SHS, as by passive smoking, seems to increase the incidence of cardiovascular events. It has been shown that active smoking of a single cigarette causes an immediate and significant decrease in microcirculatory blood flow velocity, whereas the acute effects of exposure to SHS on microcirculatory flow have as yet not been demonstrated.
Joint power, subcarrier and subframe allocation in Multihop relay networks

In this paper we study the problem of subframe, subchannel and power allocation in OFDMA‐based multihop relay networks. The system consists of a base station (BS), a number of relay stations (RS) and mobile stations (MS). We consider frame by frame scheduling, where the frame is divided into two subframes such as BS‐RS and RS‐MS subframes. We study two different problems, satisfying link rate requirements with minimum‐weighted total power and maximizing proportional fairness. For the first problem, we find the optimal solution and also propose a less complex subframe and bandwidth allocation scheme with good performance. For the second problem, we propose an algorithm that outperforms an existing scheme with less feedback. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High-resolution ranging of a diffuse target at sub-millisecond intervals with a calibrated FMCW Lidar

We demonstrate a FMCW Lidar with a frequency-calibrated laser modulated over 1 THz at ~1 kHz modulation frequency. Range to a diffuse target is measured at 0.5 ms intervals with 150 μm resolution and ~1 μm precision. Work of the U.S. government, not subject to copyright.
Increased Proliferative Activity and Programmed Cellular Death in the Turkey Hen Pituitary Gland Following Interruption of Incubation Behavior1

Abstract Incubation behavior or broodiness in turkey hens is characterized by ovarian regression, hyperprolactinemia, and persistent nesting. Nest-deprivation of incubating turkey hens results in disruption of broodiness accompanied by a precipitous decline in plasma prolactin (PRL) concentrations. The objective of the present study is to examine cellular changes in the pituitary gland associated with nest-deprivation for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 7 days. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered prior to kill to study proliferative activity. Pituitary tissue sections were immunostained using turkey growth hormone (GH) antibody, and/or chicken PRL peptide antibody, and BrdU antibody. Plasma PRL concentrations declined significantly following nest-deprivation for 1 or more days. The midsagittal pituitary area immunoreactive (ir) to GH was significantly increased while that of PRL was significantly decreased following nest-deprivation for 2 or more days. Terminal deoxy-UTP nick end labeling and PRL-immunostaining revealed an abundance of apoptotic nuclei in both cephalic and caudal lobes of the anterior pituitary gland, suggestive of programmed cellular death of lactotrophs in the pituitary gland of hens nest-deprived for 2 or more days. Mammosomatotrophs were abundant in hens nest-deprived on Day 0 but were absent in hens nest-deprived for 1 or more days. Proliferating (BrdU-ir) cells were significantly abundant in the pituitary cephalic and caudal lobes following nest-deprivation for 1 or more days but were absent on Day 0 or in laying hens. Dual-labeling studies indicated that most of the BrdU-ir nuclei in the caudal lobe were not colocalized in somatotrophs in hens nest-deprived for 1–4 days but did colocalize with GH following 7 days of nest-deprivation. In conclusion, nest-deprivation of incubating turkey hens results in 1) a precipitous decline in plasma PRL concentration, 2) programmed cell death of lactotrophs, 3) disappearance of mammosomatotrophs, 4) increased proliferative activity of pituitary cells, and 5) recruitment of somatotrophs arising primarily from mitosis of nonsomatotrophic cells.
Finger position computation for 3-dimensional equilibrium grasps

Finger position computation for 3-dimensional equilibrium grasps is discussed. The grasp object is a polyhedron and each finger pushes the face of the object within a given polygonal region. It is shown that in a planar grasp the moment equilibrium equation can be made linear by replacing each real finger by a pair of virtual fingers fixed at the vertices of the region. Using such virtual fingers in 3-D grasps, nonlinear constraints still remain, but they exhibit the same properties as the integer requirement in an integer programming problem. An algorithm based on the branch and bound method is proposed. The cases where two fingers push the same region and where the finger contact used is a soft finger contact are discussed. <<ETX>>
Visual Multiple-Object Tracking for Unknown Clutter Rate

In multi-object tracking applications, model parameter tuning is a prerequisite for reliable performance. In particular, it is difficult to know statistics of false measurements due to various sensing conditions and changes in the field of views. In this paper we are interested in designing a multi-object tracking algorithm that handles unknown false measurement rate. Recently proposed robust multi-Bernoulli filter is employed for clutter estimation while generalized labeled multi-Bernoulli filter is considered for target tracking. Performance evaluation with real videos demonstrates the effectiveness of the tracking algorithm for real-world scenarios.
A biologically inspired system for the detection of partially occluded objects

This paper briefly describes the recent development of a robotic vision system, which is based in part on biologically inspired elements and in particular on a saccading space-variant pseudo-sensor. The current system was developed for the detection of partially occluded objects (POOs) in indoors' environments. It is based on a mixed color-shape local featuring approach. The sensed features are filtered and organized in unique star-like graphs termed local panorama features (LPFs). In addition to the system, brief description, a duality between POOs' detection and object discrimination are used to strengthen the philosophy that quality comes before quantity in evaluating the detection of POOs by LPFs