Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contextual recommender systems using a multidimensional approach

Recommender systems use the past experiences and preferences of the target users as a basis to provide personalized recommendations for them and as the same time, solve the information overloading problem. Context as the dynamic information describing the situation of items and users and affecting the user’s decision process is essential to be used by recommender systems. Multidimensional approach to recommender systems that can provide recommendations based on additional contextual information besides the typical information on users and items used in most of the current recommender systems. This approach supports multiple dimensions, profiling information, and hierarchical aggregation of recommendation. The recommender system could simultaneously possess the advantages of content-based recommendation, knowledge-based recommendation, collaborative filtering recommendation and On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) in segmenting the information. Following the improvement of the recommendation structure, it doesn’t have to limit its analysis on the user and product to compute for the recommendation result and it could also handle and determine more complex contextual information as recommendation computation foundation. It could develop better results if applied in different domains. This work extends the multidimensional recommendation model concept of Adomavicius and Tuzhilin (2001) and proposes a multidimensional recommendation environment to integrate the contextual information.
Special Section on Networking Technologies for Overlay Networks TCP-Westwood Low-Priority for Overlay QoS Mechanism

An overlay traffic control is a way to provide flexible and deployable QoS mechanisms over existing networks, such as the Internet. While most of QoS mechanisms proposed so far require router supports, overlay QoS mechanisms rely on traffic control at transport layer without modifying existing routers in the network. Thus, traffic control algorithms, which are implemented at traffic sources or PEPs (Performance Enhancement Proxies), play a key role in an overlay QoS mechanism. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end prioritization scheme using TCP-Westwood Low-Priority (TCPW-LP), a low-priority traffic control scheme that maximizes the utilization of residual capacity without intrusion on coexisting foreground flows. Simulation and Internet measurement results show that TCPW-LP appropriately provides end-to-end low-priority service without any router supports. Under a wide range of buffer capacity and link error losses, TCPW-LP appropriately defers to foreground flows and better utilizes the residual capacity than other proposed priority schemes or even TCP Reno. key words: overlay, QoS, priority, TCP, TCP-westwood
MEMBRAIN NEURAL NETWORK FOR VISUAL PATTERN RECOGNITION

Recognition of visual patterns is one of significant applications of Artificial Neural Networks, which partially emulate human thinking in the domain of artificial intel ligence. In the paper, a simplified neural approach to recognition of visual patterns is portrayed and discussed. This paper is dedicated for investigators in visual patterns recognition, Artificial Neural Networking and related disciplines. The document de scribes also MemBrain application environment as a powerful and easy to use neural networks’ editor and simulator supporting ANN.
Ash's Type II Theorem, Profinite Topology and Malcev Products: Part I

This paper is concerned with the many deep and far reaching consequences of Ash's positive solution of the type II conjecture for finite monoids. After reviewing the statement and history of the problem, we show how it can be used to decide if a finite monoid is in the variety generated by the Malcev product of a given variety and the variety of groups. Many interesting varieties of finite monoids have such a description including the variety generated by inverse monoids, orthodox monoids and solid monoids. A fascinating case is that of block groups. A block group is a monoid such that every element has at most one semigroup inverse. As a consequence of the cover conjecture — also verified by Ash — it follows that block groups are precisely the divisors of power monoids of finite groups. The proof of this last fact uses earlier results of the authors and the deepest tools and results from global semigroup theory. We next give connections with the profinite group topologies on finitely generated free monoids and free groups. In particular, we show that the type II conjecture is equivalent with two other conjectures on the structure of closed sets (one conjecture for the free monoid and another one for the free group). Now Ash's theorem implies that the two topological conjectures are true and independently, a direct proof of the topological conjecture for the free group has been recently obtained by Ribes and Zalesskii. An important consequence is that a rational subset of a finitely generated free group G is closed in the profinite topology if and only if it is a finite union of sets of the form gH1H2…Hn, where g ∈ G and each Hi is a finitely generated subgroup of G. This significantly extends classical results of M. Hall. Finally, we return to the roots of this problem and give connections with the complexity theory of finite semigroups. We show that the largest local complexity function in the sense of Rhodes and Tilson is computable.
Matrix Discriminant Analysis With Application to Colorimetric Sensor Array Data

With the rapid development of nano-technology, a “colorimetric sensor array” (CSA) that is referred to as an optical electronic nose has been developed for the identification of toxicants. Unlike traditional sensors that rely on a single chemical interaction, CSA can measure multiple chemical interactions by using chemo-responsive dyes. The color changes of the chemo-responsive dyes are recorded before and after exposure to toxicants and serve as a template for classification. The color changes are digitalized in the form of a matrix with rows representing dye effects and columns representing the spectrum of colors. Thus, matrix-classification methods are highly desirable. In this article, we develop a novel classification method, matrix discriminant analysis (MDA), which is a generalization of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for the data in matrix form. By incorporating the intrinsic matrix-structure of the data in discriminant analysis, the proposed method can improve CSA’s sensitivity and more importantly, specificity. A penalized MDA method, PMDA, is also introduced to further incorporate sparsity structure in discriminant function. Numerical studies suggest that the proposed MDA and PMDA methods outperform LDA and other competing discriminant methods for matrix predictors. The asymptotic consistency of MDA is also established. R code and data are available online as supplementary material.
Coordination, Differentiation and Fairness in a population of cooperating agents

In a recent paper, we analyzed the self-assembly of a complex cooperation network. The network was shown to approach a state where every agent invests the same amount of resources. Nevertheless, highly-connected agents arise that extract extraordinarily high payoffs while contributing comparably little to any of their cooperations. Here, we investigate a variant of the model, in which highly-connected agents have access to additional resources. We study analytically and numerically whether these resources are invested in existing collaborations, leading to a fairer load distribution, or in establishing new collaborations, leading to an even less fair distribution of loads and payoffs.
Space and time-efficient memory layout for multiple inheritance

Traditional implementations of multiple inheritance bring about not only an overhead in terms of run-time but also a significant increase in object space. For example, the number of compiler-generated fields in a certain object can be as large as quadratic in the number of its subobjects. The problem of efficient object layout is compounded by the need to support two different semantics of multiple inheritance: shared, in which a base class inherited along distinct paths occurs only once in the derived class, and repeated, in which this base has multiple distinct occurrences in the derived. In this theoretical and foundational paper, we introduce two new techniques to optimize memory layout for multiple inheritance. The main ideas behind these techniques are the inlining of virtual bases and bidirectional memory layout. Our techniques never increase time overhead, and usually even decrease it. We show that in some example hierarchies, more than ten-fold reduction in the space overhead can be achieved. We analyze the complexity of the algorithms to apply these techniques, and give theorems to estimate the efficacy of this application. For concreteness, techniques and examples are discussed in the context of C++.
Impact of high dose chemoimmunotherapy after surgery on the overall and disease-free survivals in advanced stage malignant melanoma.

BACKGROUND To investigate the impact of high dose chemoimmunotherapy in addition to surgery on the cumulative survival and disease-free survey of malignant melanoma patients. METHODS A total of 86 malignant melanoma patients [35 females (40.7%), 51 males (59.3%), mean age: 55.5] were treated according to their stages between Februrary 1997 and June 2007. After surgery, adjuvant immunotherapy was applied to patients in Stage 2, while adjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvan immunotherapy were administered to those at Stages 3 and 4. RESULTS Overall rate of mortality was 31.4% (27/86). The most frequent postoperative complications were wound infection (n=8, 9.3%) in the early period and lymphedema in lower extremities (n=4, 4.6%) in the late period. Temporary and tolerable complications ensourcing from chemoimmunotherapy were encountered in 9 (10.4%) patients. The survival rates and disease-free periods of combined treatment protocol were found to be similar to those in ECOG 1684 and ECOG 1690 studies. CONCLUSION Adjuvant immunotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy seem to improve overall survival and disease-free survey in malignant melanoma. Further clinical studies are necessary to demonstrate the actual effectivity of this promising protocol in the management of malignant melanoma.
25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of myocardial infarction in men: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease in humans. METHODS We assessed prospectively whether plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations are associated with risk of coronary heart disease. A nested case-control study was conducted in 18,225 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study; the men were aged 40 to 75 years and were free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease at blood collection. The blood samples were returned between April 1, 1993, and November 30, 1999; 99% were received between April 1, 1993, and November 30, 1995. During 10 years of follow-up, 454 men developed nonfatal myocardial infarction or fatal coronary heart disease. Using risk set sampling, controls (n = 900) were selected in a 2:1 ratio and matched for age, date of blood collection, and smoking status. RESULTS After adjustment for matched variables, men deficient in 25(OH)D (<or=15 ng/mL [to convert to nanomoles per liter, multiply by 2.496]) were at increased risk for MI compared with those considered to be sufficient in 25(OH)D (>or=30 ng/mL) (relative risk [RR], 2.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53-3.84; P < .001 for trend). After additional adjustment for family history of myocardial infarction, body mass index, alcohol consumption, physical activity, history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, ethnicity, region, marine omega-3 intake, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and triglyceride levels, this relationship remained significant (RR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.24-3.54; P = .02 for trend). Even men with intermediate 25(OH)D levels were at elevated risk relative to those with sufficient 25(OH)D levels (22.6-29.9 ng/mL: RR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.10-2.32]; and 15.0-22.5 ng/mL: RR, 1.43 [95% CI, 0.96-2.13], respectively). CONCLUSION Low levels of 25(OH)D are associated with higher risk of myocardial infarction in a graded manner, even after controlling for factors known to be associated with coronary artery disease.
External-Memory Algorithms with Applications in Geographic Information Systems

In the design of algorithms for large-scale applications it is essential to consider the problem of minimizing Input/Output (I/O) communication. Geographical information systems (GIS) are good examples of such large-scale applications as they frequently handle huge amounts of spatial data. In this note we survey the recent developments in external-memory algorithms with applications in GIS. First we discuss the Aggarwal-Vitter I/O-model and illustrate why normal internal-memory algorithms for even very simple problems can perform terribly in an I/O-environment. Then we describe the fundamental paradigms for designing I/O-eecient algorithms by using them to design eecient sorting algorithms. We then go on and survey external-memory algorithms for computational geometry problems|with special emphasis on problems with applications in GIS|and techniques for designing such algorithms: Using the orthogonal line segment intersection problem we illustrate the distribution-sweeping and the buuer tree techniques which can be used to solve a large number of important problems. Using the batched range searching problem we introduce the external segment tree. We also discuss an algorithm for the reb/blue line segment intersection problem|an important subproblem in map overlaying. In doing so we introduce the batched ltering and the external fractional cascading techniques. Finally, we shortly describe TPIE|a Transparent Parallel I/O Environment designed to allow programmers to write I/O-eecient programs.
Transcranial static magnetic field stimulation of the human motor cortex

Non‐Technical Summary Non‐invasive neuromodulation of the human brain – with pulsed magnetic fields or small direct currents – is becoming increasingly popular for treating a variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. In the present work we investigated in healthy humans the possibility of a non‐invasive modulation of motor cortex excitability by the application of static magnetic fields through the scalp. We found that transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) can reduce the excitability of the motor cortex for a period that outlasts the time of the application of the magnetic field. Moreover, we demonstrated that these excitability changes take origin at the cortical level. These results suggest that tSMS using small static magnets may be a promising tool to modulate cerebral excitability in a non‐invasive, painless and reversible way.
Supernumerary Teeth from Two Mesoamerican Archaeological Contexts

Supernumerary teeth are uncommon but have been well documented clinically. The majority of cases are isolated anterior teeth; examples of multiple or posterior supernumerary teeth are less common. This paper describes two examples of supernumerary teeth from archaeological contexts in Mesoamerica. The first case is of three individuals with supernumerary posterior teeth found in skull rows and pairs in a Postclassic Maya temple at the site of Ixlú in northern Guatemala. Two of these individuals exhibited bilateral supernumerary mandibular teeth. The second context is a Zapotec burial from the Jalieza site in Oaxaca, Mexico. This individual exhibited a single supernumerary tooth. The paper reviews supernumerary teeth with regard to frequency, ontogeny, and mode of inheritance and discusses the cases’ relevance for biological distance analyses.
Delimiting Species without Nuclear Monophyly in Madagascar's Mouse Lemurs

Background Speciation begins when populations become genetically separated through a substantial reduction in gene flow, and it is at this point that a genetically cohesive set of populations attain the sole property of species: the independent evolution of a population-level lineage. The comprehensive delimitation of species within biodiversity hotspots, regardless of their level of divergence, is important for understanding the factors that drive the diversification of biota and for identifying them as targets for conservation. However, delimiting recently diverged species is challenging due to insufficient time for the differential evolution of characters—including morphological differences, reproductive isolation, and gene tree monophyly—that are typically used as evidence for separately evolving lineages. Methodology In this study, we assembled multiple lines of evidence from the analysis of mtDNA and nDNA sequence data for the delimitation of a high diversity of cryptically diverged population-level mouse lemur lineages across the island of Madagascar. Our study uses a multi-faceted approach that applies phylogenetic, population genetic, and genealogical analysis for recognizing lineage diversity and presents the most thoroughly sampled species delimitation of mouse lemur ever performed. Conclusions The resolution of a large number of geographically defined clades in the mtDNA gene tree provides strong initial evidence for recognizing a high diversity of population-level lineages in mouse lemurs. We find additional support for lineage recognition in the striking concordance between mtDNA clades and patterns of nuclear population structure. Lineages identified using these two sources of evidence also exhibit patterns of population divergence according to genealogical exclusivity estimates. Mouse lemur lineage diversity is reflected in both a geographically fine-scaled pattern of population divergence within established and geographically widespread taxa, as well as newly resolved patterns of micro-endemism revealed through expanded field sampling into previously poorly and well-sampled regions.
The Changing Importance of Critical Success Factors During ERP Implementation: An Empirical Study from Oman

This study examines empirical evidence from a survey conducted in Omani organizations to determine whether the importance of individual CSFs varies across the ERP implementation life-cycle. The CSFs included in the survey were derived from a structured review of literature. Purposive sampling was used to select ERP stakeholders who had both experience and knowledge of ERP implementations. The survey data are analyzed and used to evaluate four hypotheses: Individual CSFs vary in importance across the ERP implementation life-cycle; The number of CSFs that are important increases across the ERP implementation life-cycle; Categories of CSFs vary in importance across the ERP implementation life-cycle; Technical CSFs are of less importance than other CSFs for successful ERP implementation. The data support the first three, but the fourth is rejected.
On Classification of Graph Streams

In this paper, we will examine the problem of classification of massive graph streams. The problem of classification has been widely studied in the database and data mining community. The graph domain poses significant challenges because of the structural nature of the data. The stream scenario is even more challenging, and has not been very well studied in the literature. This is because the underlying graphs can be scanned only once in the stream setting, and it is difficult to extract the relevant structural information from the graphs. In many practical applications, the graphs may be defined over a very large set of nodes. The massive domain size of the underlying graph makes it difficult to learn summary structural information for the classification problem, and particularly so in the case of data streams. In order to address these challenges, we proposed a probabilistic approach for constructing an “in-memory” summary of the underlying structural data. This summary determines the discriminative patterns in the underlying graph with the use of a 2-dimensional hashing scheme. We provide probabilistic bounds on the quality of the patterns determined by the process, and experimentally demonstrate the quality on a number of real data sets.
THE GEOLOGY OF THE WEST TRYAL ROCKS GAS FIELD

The West Tryal Rocks gas field is located offshore at the western margin of the Barrow Sub- basin, in the Carnarvon Basin of Western Australia. It was discovered by West Australian Petroleum Pty Ltd ( WAPET) in 1973 on a southwesterly extension of the Rankin Platform where, farther north, a number of major gas/condensate discoveries have been made by Burmah Oil Company of Australia Ltd (BOCAL) since 1971. The productive structure at West Tryal Rocks lies at a depth of 3200 m in about 150 m of water. It consists of an elongate north - trending uplifted block of Triassic and possibly Lower Jurassic reservoir rocks called the Mungaroo Beds.The block is unconformably capped by the Lower Cretaceous Muderong Shale which also provides the lateral seal across the bounding faults. The reservoir section dips to the north at a greater rate than does the sealing unconformity so that progressively younger pre-Cretaceous sediments subcrop the unconformity in that direction. Shales of Middle to Late Jurassic age in the Barrow Sub-basin to the east are believed to be the primary source of hydrocarbons, although the overlying Muderong Shale cannot be ruled out. Three main gas-bearing sands have been encountered by the two wells drilled to date. The second well was drilled up-structure from the first and penetrated 144 m of net gas pay of which 133 m is contained in the three sands. The sands are mainly medium to very coarse grained and possess good porosity and permeability. Preliminary reoervvs estimates indicate that the field contains in excess of 28 x 109 m3 (1 x 1012 ft3) of gas (Playford, 1975). The West Tryal Rocks gas field is unique compared to the other Northwest Shelf fields, in that it is slightly overpressured and contains up to 28% of non-combustible gases - predominantly carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Additionally, the field possesses relatively fresh underlying formation waters with high concentrations of bicarbonate ions.
Concrete sulfate corrosion coupled with hydraulic pressure

Abstract A type of sealed steel box was designed to simulate sulfate attack and hydraulic pressure on concrete. Cup-shaped concrete specimens with water/cement (w/c) ratios of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 were fabricated. During the 270 days corrosion time, corrosion behavior on concrete surfaces was observed every 30 days. The extent of damage on concrete was calculated on the basis of the results of periodic ultrasonic testing. After the completion of experiments, X-ray fluorescence analysis was conducted on the element contents at different depth locations of partial specimens. Experimental results showed that hydraulic pressure accelerated the sulfate attack on concrete, and high pressure yielded serious damage. In comparison with zero pressure, the accelerating coefficients of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 MPa hydraulic pressures were 1.48, 1.75, and 2.35, respectively. Hydraulic sulfate corrosion can bring additional sulfate ions into concrete and cause chemical and physical sulfate corrosions on concrete simultaneously, thereby resulting in serious damage on concrete. The reduction of w/c ratio and incorporation of fly ash are beneficial for concrete to resist hydraulic sulfate attack.