Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning Rules for Large Vocabulary Word Sense Disambiguation

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is the process of distinguishing between different senses of a word. In general, the disambiguation rules differ for different words. For this reason, the automatic construction of disambiguation rules is highly desirable. One way to achieve this aim is by applying machine learning techniques to training data containing the various senses of the ambiguous words. In the work presented here, the decision tree learning algorithm C4.5 is applied on a corpus of financial news articles. Instead of concentrating on a small set of ambiguous words, as done in most of the related previous work, all content words of the examined corpus are disambiguated. Furthermore, the effectiveness of word sense disambiguation for different parts of speech (nouns and verbs) is examined empirically.
Learning rules for large vocabulary word sense disambiguation,” in: T. Dean (Ed

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is the process of distinguishing between different senses of a word. In general, the disambiguation rules differ for different words. For this reason, the automatic construction of disambiguation rules is highly desirable. One way to achieve this aim is by applying machine learning techniques to training data containing the various senses of the ambiguous words. In the work presented here, the decision tree learning algorithm C4.5 is applied on a corpus of financial news articles. Instead of concentrating on a small set of ambiguous words, as done in most of the related previous work, all content words of the examined corpus are disambiguated. Furthermore, the effectiveness of word sense disambiguation for different parts of speech (nouns and verbs) is examined empirically.
KOCHIELLA POULSEN, 1927, AND HADROCEPHALITES NEW GENUS (TRILOBITA: PTYCHOPARIIDA) FROM THE EARLY MIDDLE CAMBRIAN OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA

Abstract Kochaspids are an informal group of ptychopariid trilobites that were both abundant and widespread in the early Middle Cambrian of North America. Based on the reassociation of pygidia and cranidia of some kochaspids, Kochiella Poulsen, 1927, is redefined and Hadrocephalites n. gen. is proposed. Hadrocephalites includes taxa previously assigned by Rasetti and Palmer to Schistometopus Resser, 1938a. Schistometopus is considered nomen dubium. Representatives of Kochiella and Hadrocephalites from the Pioche Shale and Carrara Formation of Nevada are described, including the new species Kochiella rasettii, K. brevaspis, Hadrocephalites lyndonensis, and H. rhytidodes. Other kochaspids previously assigned to Kochaspis Resser, 1935; Eiffelaspis Chang, 1963; Schistometopus; and Kochiella are discussed and some are reassigned. The type specimens of Kochiella augusta (Walcott, 1886); K. crito (Walcott, 1917b); K. chares (Walcott, 1917a); K. mansfieldi Resser, 1939; K. arenosa Resser, 1939; Hadrocephalites carina (Walcott, 1917b), and H. cecinna (Walcott, 1917b) are re-illustrated.
ESTIMATING TMDL BACKGROUND SUSPENDED SEDIMENT LOADING TO GREAT LAKES TRIBUTARIES FROM EXISTING DATA 1

ABSTRACT: The total maximum daily load (TMDL) for suspended sediment is the maximum quantity of suspended sediment that can enter a waterway without affecting the beneficial uses of the waterway. It is calculated as the sum of permissible allotments of point sources of suspended sediment, permissible allotments of nonpoint sources of suspended sediment, background (natural) loading of suspended sediment, and a margin of safety. The goal of this project was to develop methods for estimating background levels of sediment loads in tributaries of the Great Lakes. Such quantification is key to determining permissible TMDL in waters that do not meet water quality standards under the Clean Water Act of 1972. Suspended sediment loading for 46 rivers was estimated from data collected at U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gages. Land use and physiographic attributes were estimated for these gaged basins with a geographic information system (GIS). Basin attributes and sediment yield data are the basis for examining two approaches to estimating background suspended sediment loads. One method, based upon envelope curves of sediment yield and drainage area, will be shown to have considerable merit. A second method, based upon correlation of sediment yield to various basin attributes such as drainage area and land use, will be shown to be fraught with difficulties.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

Objectives: To determine the genetic distribution and the phenotypic correlation of an extensive series of patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in a geographically well-defined Mediterranean area. Methods: A thorough genetic screening, including most of the known genes involved in this disease, was performed and analyzed in this longitudinal descriptive study. Clinical data were analyzed and compared among the genetic subgroups. Results: Molecular diagnosis was accomplished in 365 of 438 patients (83.3%), with a higher success rate in demyelinating forms of the disease. The CMT1A duplication (PMP22 gene) was the most frequent genetic diagnosis (50.4%), followed by mutations in the GJB1 gene (15.3%), and in the GDAP1 gene (11.5%). Mutations in 13 other genes were identified, but were much less frequent. Sixteen novel mutations were detected and characterized phenotypically. Conclusions: The relatively high frequency of GDAP1 mutations, coupled with the scarceness of MFN2 mutations (1.1%) and the high proportion of recessive inheritance (11.6%) in this series exemplify the particularity of the genetic distribution of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in this region.
The coseismic slip distribution of a shallow subduction fault constrained by prior information: the example of 2011 Tohoku (Mw 9.0) megathrust earthquake

The coseismic slip distribution of a shallow subduction fault constrained by prior information: the example of 2011 Tohoku (Mw 9.0) megathrust earthquake X. Zhou,1,2∗ G. Cambiotti,2 W. Sun1 and R. Sabadini2 1Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. E-mail: zhouxin05@mails.ucas. ac.cn 2Department of Earth Sciences, University of Milan, Via Cicognara 7, I-20133 Milano, Italy
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Mediation of the Negative Effect of Red on Intellectual Performance Mediation of the Negative Effect of Red on Intellectual Performance

behaviors related to the stimulus. Thus, the mere perception of a stimulus can have a subtle influence on approach-and avoidance-related affect, cognition, and behavior (see Markman & Brendl, 2005; Neumann, Förster, & Strack, 2003). However, there has been a dearth of attention to the critical issue of the mediational mechanisms responsible for such perception–action links (Aarts, Custers, & Holland, 2007; Bargh, 2006). In the present research, we examine color as a priming stimulus that can have subtle affects on motivation and behavior. We focus on avoidance motivation and explicitly attend to mediation. Meinhardt (2007) demonstrated that the perception of red in an achievement situation can undermine performance and prompt psychological functioning (e.g., self-protective task choice) associated with avoidance motivation. 2 In the present research, we seek to extend these provocative findings by examining avoidance motivation as a mediator of the negative effect of red on This research examines the hypothesis that an attentional process grounded in avoidance motivation—local relative to global processing—mediates the negative effect of red on intellectual performance. This hypothesis was tested in a series of experiments using two approaches to documenting mediation. Experiment 1 established that the perception of red undermines IQ test performance. Experiments 2a and 2b documented mediation via the experimental causal chain approach, and Experiment 3 documented mediation via the measurement of mediation approach. This represents the first demonstration of a mediational process in the domain of color psychology. A call is made to broaden priming research to include color stimuli.
EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies), 2014. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to a combination of lutein and zeaxanthin and improved vision under bright light conditions pursuant

Following an application from DSM Nutritional Products and Kemin Foods, submitted for authorisation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of France, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to a combination of lutein and zeaxanthin and improved vision under bright light conditions. The Panel considers that the food is sufficiently characterised. Improved vision under bright light conditions is a beneficial physiological effect. The applicant provided a total of 10 published and one unpublished human intervention studies as being pertinent to the health claim. Five studies investigated the effects of lutein and/or zeaxanthin on macular pigment optical density, but did not assess vision, whereas two studies investigated the effects of lutein only. Two further studies had already been evaluated by the Panel in a previous assessment. No conclusions could be drawn from one further small (no effect) study. In a further trial with a large number of missing data owing to drop-out/non-compliance of study subjects, a combination of lutein and zeaxanthin had no effect on any outcomes of visual function in the population of subjects completing the protocol as planned. In weighing the evidence, the Panel took into account that the one study from which conclusions could be drawn did not show an effect of lutein plus zeaxanthin on vision. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of a combination of lutein and zeaxanthin and improved vision under bright light conditions. © European Food Safety Authority, 2014
A Multifaceted Climatology of Atmospheric Blocking and Its Recent Linear Trend

Abstract A dynamically based climatology is derived for Northern Hemisphere atmospheric blocking events. Blocks are viewed as large amplitude, long-lasting, and negative potential vorticity (PV) anomalies located beneath the dynamical tropopause. The derived climatology [based on the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40)] provides a concise, coherent, and illuminating description of the main physical characteristics of blocks and the accompanying linear trends. The latitude–longitude distribution of blocking frequency captures the standard bimodal geographical distribution with major peaks over the North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific in all four seasons. The accompanying pattern for the age distribution, the genesis–lysis regions, and the track of blocks reveals that 1) younger blocks (1–4 days) are more prevalent at lower latitudes whereas significantly older blocks (up to 12 days) are located at higher latitudes; 2) genesis is confined predominantly t.
ViscoNet: Bridging and Harmonizing Visual and Textual Conditioning for ControlNet

This paper introduces ViscoNet, a novel method that enhances text-to-image human generation models with visual prompting. Unlike existing methods that rely on lengthy text descriptions to control the image structure, ViscoNet allows users to specify the visual appearance of the target object with a reference image. ViscoNet disentangles the object's appearance from the image background and injects it into a pre-trained latent diffusion model (LDM) model via a ControlNet branch. This way, ViscoNet mitigates the style mode collapse problem and enables precise and flexible visual control. We demonstrate the effectiveness of ViscoNet on human image generation, where it can manipulate visual attributes and artistic styles with text and image prompts. We also show that ViscoNet can learn visual conditioning from small and specific object domains while preserving the generative power of the LDM backbone.
Utilisation of resting sites and dens by the neotropical river otter (Lutra longicaudis) in the south of Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil

This work was undertaken between March 1997 and February 1998 and aimed at verifying the frequency of utilisation of resting sites by the neotropical river otter (Lutra longicaudis). The banks of a creek located at the northern limit of the Taim Ecological Station (RS) were searched eight times, looking for places with signs of use (footprints, scratches, spraints, etc.). On the first field trip, sites found were marked and named according to some basic characteristic that allowed its re-identification on future field trips. During this work, thirteen resting-places were found to be used only once, whilst eight were used on more than one occasion. Of these, only one was used by the species on all field trips. No otter den was found in the area during the study. Otter spraints were found at 90% of the resting sites, footprints at 12%, and scratches at 16%. All the resting sites used more than once were above water during the whole study period and only one of them was located outside the woods, being found on a grass-covered bank. Based upon the results obtained, we could hypothesise that, even though the species uses this creek for resting activities during all year, it is probable that it is not used for reproduction. Keywords: Neotropical River otter, Lontra longicaudis, dens
Does active management add value? New evidence from a quantile regression approach

Abstract While it has long been recognised that active management is an important issue in the area of mutual fund performance, little consensus has been reached about the value managers’ abilities can add. This study examines funds’ and managers’ characteristics in an attempt to understand their influence on mutual fund efficiency. We explore these issues in a two-stage approach, considering partial frontier estimators (order-m, order-α) to assess performance in the first stage, and quantile regression in the second stage to isolate the determinants of efficiency. This combination of methodologies has barely been considered to date in the field of operations research. Our findings are of interest to both academics and practitioners as they shed light on the differences among funds as well as among managers. Our analysis provides some arguments to guide fund selection and points to some managerial features investors might consider taking into account. In addition, some of the differences in performance among funds are rather intricate because both the magnitude of the estimated regression coefficients and their significance varies depending on the quantile of the distribution of fund performance, suggesting that some relevant trends might be concealed by conditional-mean models such as Tobit or OLS.
Draft Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus succinus Strain GN1, Isolated from a Basement Floor in Milwaukee, WI

A strain of Staphylococcus succinus was sampled from the floor of the basement of a house and isolated in an undergraduate classroom in Milwaukee, WI. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this strain. ABSTRACT A strain of Staphylococcus succinus was sampled from the floor of the basement of a house and isolated in an undergraduate classroom in Milwaukee, WI. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this strain.
Detecting Voice Cloning Attacks via Timbre Watermarking

Nowadays, it is common to release audio content to the public. However, with the rise of voice cloning technology, attackers have the potential to easily impersonate a specific person by utilizing his publicly released audio without any permission. Therefore, it becomes significant to detect any potential misuse of the released audio content and protect its timbre from being impersonated. To this end, we introduce a novel concept,"Timbre Watermarking", which embeds watermark information into the target individual's speech, eventually defeating the voice cloning attacks. To ensure the watermark is robust to the voice cloning model's learning process, we design an end-to-end voice cloning-resistant detection framework. The core idea of our solution is to embed and extract the watermark in the frequency domain in a temporally invariant manner. To acquire generalization across different voice cloning attacks, we modulate their shared process and integrate it into our framework as a distortion layer. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed timbre watermarking can defend against different voice cloning attacks, exhibit strong resistance against various adaptive attacks (e.g., reconstruction-based removal attacks, watermark overwriting attacks), and achieve practicality in real-world services such as PaddleSpeech, Voice-Cloning-App, and so-vits-svc. In addition, ablation studies are also conducted to verify the effectiveness of our design. Some audio samples are available at https://timbrewatermarking.github. io/samples.
Behavior and Diving of Harlequin Ducks Wintering at Isle au Haut, Maine

Abstract Mid-winter activity budgets and diving behaviors of Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) at Isle au Haut, Maine were examined. Feeding was the most frequent activity and the number of hours during the day devoted to feeding increased from December to March as day length increased. Resting was not a frequent mid-winter activity, but birds rested more in the morning than in the afternoon and the duration of resting bouts increased in March, likely in relation to increasing day length. During foraging bouts, first-winter males had longer submergence times and longer pause times than adult males, although the resulting dive:pause ratio was similar. This may be related to feeding inefficiency of the young birds or lack of experience with local habitats or prey species. Mean dive durations and pause durations at Isle au Haut were greater than reported elsewhere for this species, and may be related to strong local currents associated with the wave washed ledges on Isle au Haut.
A remedial action optimizer for the flow-based capacity calculation

Day-ahead capacity calculation methodologies such as available transfer capacity and flow-based calculation should be based on optimization procedures able to select the optimal set of remedial actions in order to maximize the domain of the power exchanges between bidding zones. This paper presents a remedial action optimizer (RAO) formulated as a mixed integer linear programming able to select the optimal set of non-costly remedial actions (i.e. topological remedial actions and variations of the tap position of phase shifting transformers) that maximizes the remaining available margin of monitored critical branches. Illustrative applications of the RAO on simple test networks are reported and discussed. Results show that the developed procedure is suited for the maximization of the flow-based domain.
Land redistribution in KwaZulu-Natal : an analysis of farmland transactions from 1997 until 2002.

Census surveys of land transactions sponsored by BASIS I&II show that 178,000 hectares of the Province’s commercial farmland transferred to previously disadvantaged South Africans over the period 1997-2002. This represents almost 3.5 per cent of the farmland originally available for redistribution in 1994. While the average rate of redistribution at 0.5% per annum falls short of government’s target (2.0% per annum), the launch of its “Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development” (LRAD) program in August 2001 had a dramatic impact on land redistribution in 2002. In KwaZulu-Natal, the rate of land redistribution doubled and, for the first time since 1997 when the surveys commenced, transactions financed solely from government grants redistributed more land than did privately financed transactions (28,624 hectares versus 22,863 hectares). In addition, 14 farms were financed with a combination of LRAD grants and private mortgage loans representing a new mode of redistribution. On average these 14 farms were larger and of better agricultural quality than those purchased privately. At this early stage, LRAD has been much more successful at engaging financial institutions than the earlier SLAG program. It has also been more successful in targeting women. Seven of the 14 co-financed farms were purchased by women, either as sole owners or married co-owners.
Clustering and Beamwidth Optimization for UAV-Assisted Wireless Communication

With the development of wireless communication technology, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are now widely used in many complex communication scenarios. When a UAV serves as an aerial base station for urban and rural ground users or marine users, it is necessary to consider the clustering of ground users and the energy efficiency of the UAV since the users are usually randomly distributed. For the scenario with randomly distributed ground users and different densities of ground users in urban and rural areas, a clustering and beamwidth optimization method for UAV-assisted wireless communication is proposed. Firstly, the energy efficiency expression of a UAV serving ground users was derived in a downlink wireless communication system assisted by a UAV. Secondly, based on the geographical location information of non-uniformly distributed users, an improved k-means method is proposed to cluster ground users, ensuring that the number of users in each cluster is within an appropriate range. Then, based on the clustering results, a fixed-point iteration (FPI) algorithm was proposed to design the optimal beamwidth of UAVs and improve their energy efficiency. Finally, the superiority of the proposed algorithm in improving energy efficiency was verified through simulation analysis, and the impact of parameters such as the cluster number and transmission power on system energy efficiency was also analyzed.