Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
2‐D transmitral flows simulation by means of the immersed boundary method on unstructured grids

Interaction between computational fluid dynamics and clinical researches recently allowed a deeper understanding of the physiology of complex phenomena involving cardio‐vascular mechanisms. The aim of this paper is to develop a simplified numerical model based on the Immersed Boundary Method and to perform numerical simulations in order to study the cardiac diastolic phase during which the left ventricle is filled with blood flowing from the atrium throughout the mitral valve. As one of the diagnostic problems to be faced by clinicians is the lack of a univocal definition of the diastolic performance from the velocity measurements obtained by Eco–Doppler techniques, numerical simulations are supposed to provide an insight both into the physics of the diastole and into the interpretation of experimental data. An innovative application of the Immersed Boundary Method on unstructured grids is presented, fulfilling accuracy requirements related to the development of a thin boundary layer along the moving immersed boundary. It appears that this coupling between unstructured meshes and the Immersed Boundary Method is a promising technique when a wide range of spatial scales is involved together with a moving boundary. Numerical simulations are performed in a range of physiological parameters and a qualitative comparison with experimental data is presented, in order to demonstrate that, despite the simplified model, the main physiological characteristics of the diastole are well represented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ion beam deposition of Mn-Ir spin valves

Half-biased spin valves have been prepared by ion beam deposition. The magnetoresistance (MR) signal reaches 7.7% and the exchange field is 350 Oe with a coupling field of 15 Oe and a coercivity of the free layer equal to 4 Oe. The [111] texture induced by a very thin Ta buffer layer (thickness <10 /spl Aring/) has a strong effect in increasing the MR signal and coupling field, while decreasing the exchange field and coercivity. The blocking temperature of the MnIr-biased spin valves is 250/spl deg/C and a thermal stability study shows that the exchange field is constant up to 300/spl deg/C, under consecutive 5-h anneals at each temperature. After these anneals, the MR signal is still equal to 5%. These films show better thermal stability than equivalent samples prepared by sputtering.
Temperature dependence of fundamental band gaps in group IV, III–V, and II–VI materials via a two-oscillator model

We perform numerical analyses of the temperature dependences of fundamental band gaps, Eg(T), and/or exciton peak positions, Egx(T), for a large variety of group IV, III–V, and II–VI (including wide band gap) materials using a two-oscillator model. This model assumes a fixation of the low-energy oscillator in the vicinity of the dominant TA peak, whereas the location of the high-energy oscillator is taken as an adjustable parameter depending on the relative weights of the contributions of short-wavelength LA and LO/TO phonons. The material-specific sets of empirical parameters have been estimated from fittings of measured E(T) dependences. The results indicate significant changes of the relative contributions of optical versus acoustical phonons from one material to the other. The degree of dispersion is found to increase significantly with contribution of low-energy acoustical phonons.
Patterns of stress response to foreign eggs by a rejecter host of an obligate avian brood parasite

Abstract One of the most effective defenses of avian hosts against obligate brood parasites is the ejection of parasitic eggs from the nests. Despite the clear fitness benefits of this behavior, individuals within so‐called “egg‐rejecter” host species still show substantial variation in their propensity to eliminate foreign eggs from the nest. We argue that this variation can be further understood by studying the physiological mechanisms of host responses to brood parasitic egg stimuli: independent lines of research increasingly support the hypothesis that stress‐related physiological response to parasitic eggs may trigger egg rejection. The “stress‐mediated egg rejection” hypothesis requires that hosts activate the stress‐response when responding to parasitic egg stimuli. We tested this prediction by asking whether hosts showed differential stress response when exposed to host‐like (mimetic) or parasite‐like (non‐mimetic) eggs. We experimentally parasitized incubating American robins Turdus migratorius, a robust egg‐rejecter host to obligate brood parasitic brown‐headed cowbirds Molothrus ater, with mimetic or non‐mimetic model eggs. To assess the stress response, we measured the heart rate in incubating females immediately after experimental parasitism. We also measured plasma corticosterone and, in a subset of birds, used RNA‐sequencing to analyze the expression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC), a precursor of adrenocorticotropic hormone, 2 h after experimental parasitism. We found that egg type had no effect on heart rate. Two hours following experimental parasitism, plasma corticosterone did not differ between the differently‐colored model egg treatments or between rejecter and accepter females within the non‐mimetic treatment. However, females exposed to non‐mimetic eggs showed an upregulation of POMC gene expression (before FDR correction) in the pituitary compared with females treated with mimetic eggs. Our findings suggest that in an egg‐rejecter host species, non‐mimetic parasitic eggs may increase the activity of the stress‐related hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis compared with mimetic eggs, although the temporal dynamics of this response are not yet understood.
The decoupling of government sentiment and the macroeconomy in a highly polarised political setting

ABSTRACT This article argues that causality between economic conditions and political sentiment can be moderated by the presence of strong political polarisation based on sociocultural issues. We look at the interdependencies between economic and political sentiment in Croatia, a country characterised by strong political divisions over interpretations of history, the role of religion in society, and conflicts of traditional vs. modernist values. Our results reveal that economic variables and government support move more or less independently. Thus, we conclude that performance evaluation in general, and economic voting in particular, play a very small role in Croatian politics.
Correlation between antiferromagnetic interface coupling and positive exchange bias

The induced moment in antiferromagnetic (AFM)\char21{}ferromagnetic (FM) $({\mathrm{FeF}}_{2}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Fe}$ and ${\mathrm{MnF}}_{2}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Fe})$ bilayers has been studied from the shift along the magnetization axis of the exchange-biased hysteresis loops. The magnetization shift depends strongly on the cooling field and microstructure of the AFM layer. The shift for small cooling fields can be opposite to the cooling field, indicating that, in some cases, the presence of the FM layer induces an antiferromagnetic coupling at the interface. Samples with negative magnetization shifts (antiferromagnetic coupling) exhibit large changes in exchange bias ${H}_{E}$ as a function of cooling field and positive exchange bias. Samples with positive magnetization shifts (ferromagnetic coupling) show almost no change in ${H}_{E}$ with cooling field and the exchange bias field remains always negative. These results confirm the theoretical assumption that an antiferromagnetic interface coupling is necessary to observe positive exchange bias.
Vortex control in large-eddy simulations of compressible round jets

We investigate through large-eddy simulations the effects of different types of upstream forcing in subsonic (Mach 0.7) and supersonic (Mach 1.4) round jets. We have reproduced and tested the different methods of forcing developed in incompressible round jets by Urbin and Métais In Direct and Large-Eddy Simulations II, 1997, P. R. Chollet, J. P. Voke, and L. Kleiser, Kluwer: Dordrecht, pp. 539–542, Danaila and Boersma, Physics of Fluids A, 12, 1255–1257, da Silva and Métais Physics of Fluids, 14, 3798–3819, (see also Lee and Reynolds Bifurcating and blooming jets at high Reynolds number 5th Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows, New York). Our strategy is to search the optimal excitation that maximizes the jet spreading at Reynolds number Re = 36 000. Four different forcings based on information obtained both instantaneously and statistically. In the subsonic case, and as in the incompressible one, we aimed to favour the flow spreading along one particular plane (bifurcating plane), while maintaining a standard or reduced spreading rate along the bisecting plane, perpendicular to the bifurcating one. The flow response to the excitations is analysed both instantaneously and statistically. In the subsonic case, and as in the incompressible one, the maximum jet spreading is obtained with inlet varicose–flapping perturbations at preferred and first subharmonic frequencies, respectively. The potential core length is reduced by 27% with respect to the natural jet. These results are in good agreement with several laboratory experiments and numerical simulations carried out in incompressible round jets. Indeed, the subsonic jet has a convective Mach number of 0.35, and is weakly affected by compressibility. In the supersonic jet case, on the other hand, the highest spreading rate is found with a flapping excitation at the second subharmonic. The potential core length is now reduced by 28% with respect to the unforced jet.
Dengue Burden and Circulation of Dengue-2 Serotype Among Children Along With Clinical Profiling in Uttarakhand, India: A Cross-Sectional Study From 2018 to 2020

Background: The multiple serotypes of the dengue virus (DENV) are always a major public concern for dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Objective: This study aimed to analyse the demographic characteristics and circulating serotypes of dengue among the paediatric age group. Methodology: One hundred forty-one clinically suspected children were enrolled in the study from 2018 to 2020 in a tertiary care hospital in Uttarakhand, India. Central tendency, frequency, and One-Way ANOVA were measured for continuous and categorical data. The Shapiro-Wilks test was used to calculate the normality assumption. Dengue NS1 Ag, IgM, and IgG antibodies ELISA were performed, and NS1-positive samples were further tested for molecular studies. Result: From one hundred forty-one suspected cases, 100 (70.92%) came positive for dengue NS1 antigen, 18 (12.76%), and three (2.12%) came positive for IgM and IgG antibodies respectively. Rest 20 (14.18%) samples came negative for dengue. Fever with chills (97.5%), headache (89%), and arthralgia (82%) were the most common clinical features. Molecular studies showed the dengue serotype-2 (DEN-2) was found in most cases, followed by the dengue-3 serotype (DEN-3). Conclusion: This is the preliminary study as the authors' best knowledge which demonstrate the burden of dengue in children with prevalent serotypes for consecutive three years in Uttarakhand. This study identifies that the serotype-2 (DEN-2) of the dengue virus was the primary cause of infection in children at the tertiary care hospital in northern India. These results will help further to understand the nature of the disease so that improved patient care management will imply. Further molecular studies on large sample sizes during the endemic would be helpful to gain knowledge of the actual load of the disease and the genetic characteristics of the virus.
Colder Eastern Equatorial Pacific and Stronger Walker Circulation in the Early 21st Century: Separating the Forced Response to Global Warming From Natural Variability

Since the early 1990s the Pacific Walker circulation shows a multi‐decadal strengthening, which contradicts future model projections. Whether this trend, evident in many climate indices especially before the 2015 El Niño, reflects the coupled ocean‐atmosphere response to global warming or the negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) remains debated. Here we show that sea surface temperature trends during 1980–2020 are dominated by three signals: a spatially uniform warming trend, a negative PDO pattern, and a Northern Hemisphere‐Indo‐West Pacific warming pattern. The latter pattern, which closely resembles the transient ocean thermostat‐like response to global warming emerging in a subset of CMIP6 models, shows cooling in the central‐eastern equatorial Pacific but warming in the western Pacific and tropical Indian Ocean. Together with the PDO, this pattern drives the Walker circulation strengthening in the equatorial band. Historical simulations appear to underestimate this pattern, contributing to the models' inability to replicate the Walker cell strengthening.
Microwave propagation over a mountain-diffraction path

An experimental study was undertaken to obtain a more complete picture of wide-band transmission via microwave propagation over mountain-diffraction paths. Such paths are characterized by obstacles of irregular shape, and pathlength very large compared to wavelength. Swept-frequency transmission was used to provide a record of signal-level variations with time and frequency on two different paths. Other observations included polarization dependence, spatial variation, and direct comparison with repeater-relayed signals. The two paths were selected on the basis of obstacle shape; in one case a conical mountain peak, in the other a cylindrically-topped ridge. While the gross features of the data were in agreement with conventional theory, significant detailed departures were noted on the mountain peak path. It was concluded that, in general, the effects of a nonuniform transverse obstacle profile must be taken into account in microwave diffraction. A comparison of data from the two paths supported this conclusion. The "repeater model" of diffraction was also examined and found to be of dubious value for the paths in question.
A glassy model for random lasers

We report on a recent model introduced to describe the behaviour of light in a nonlinear active random medium, i.e. a random laser. The emitted radiation is described by a disordered mean-field Hamiltonian for the phases of the complex amplitudes of the electromagnetic field modes. Using the replica trick the thermodynamics can be exactly solved. A replica-symmetry breaking phase transition is predicted, corresponding to mode-locking processes in random lasers. The expected random laser phase diagram varying the pumping rate is reported, together with some perspectives opened by the present study.
Development of a Method for Gaze Estimation Based on Planar Approximations of Voltage Ratios Calculated from Multiple Electro-oculogram Signals

Gaze information has been used in numerous elds such as cognitive psychology research, input interfaces, and intelligent transport systems. In this study, we focused on electro-oculographic methods because of the low level of inconvenience to users, and developed a simple method for gaze estimation based on planar approximations of the voltage ratios (Vr) calculated from multiple electro-oculogram signals. The results suggest that Vr can be used for estimating gaze without being affected by the drift phenomenon that reduces the estimation accuracy. Numerical experiments using an eyeball battery model reveal that the proposed method can be used in yaw and pitch ranging from −40° to 40° and −30° to 30°, respectively, with an estimated error of approximately 3.5°, using at least nine electrodes arranged in an L shape.
Installing of cosmological constant

An artificial scale of observable cosmological constant is dynamically related to its natural bare value due to an installation of relevant coherent state for the inflationary field in a finite volume of early Universe, because of exponential suppression of probability to find the state with zero number of quanta. Homogeneous quantum fluctuations of the field actually put hard constraints on the total amount of inflation.
Comment on 'The Use of Error Components Models in Combining Cross Section with Time Series Data'

coefficients from the generalized least squares equations using estimates of unknown variance components, ' ' is needed. Wallace and Hussain obtain Z- ' "by trial, error, and generalization. " This note calls attention to a simple, direct method of obtaining this inverse that was developed by Henderson [1] in the late 1940's. To facilitate discussion of the Wallace-Hussain problem we will reformulate it in the notation of the general mixed model by which any general variance components model can be represented. In the general linear model,
Energy Resolution Improvement of the Gamma Spectrum of 133Ba Radioisotope by Means of a Timing Technique

Abstract Using a 3 inch (diameter) by 3 inch (length) NaI(Tl) inorganic scintillation detector, a gamma‐ray energy spectrum with and without timing method of 133Ba radioisotope was obtained by the developed spectrometer. In order to check the performance of the spectrometric method, the spectrometer was tested on the gamma energy spectrum of a 207Bi radioisotope. The method presented here was successful on the improvement of the energy resolution of the spectrometer.
Domain Adaptation for Head Pose Estimation Using Relative Pose Consistency

Head pose estimation plays a vital role in biometric systems related to facial and human behavior analysis. Typically, neural networks are trained on head pose datasets. Unfortunately, manual or sensor-based annotation of head pose is impractical. A solution is synthetic training data generated from 3D face models, which can provide an infinite number of perfect labels. However, computer generated images only provide an approximation of real-world images, leading to a performance gap between training and application domain. Therefore, there is a need for strategies that allow simultaneous learning on labeled synthetic data and unlabeled real-world data to overcome the domain gap. In this work we propose relative pose consistency, a semi-supervised learning strategy for head pose estimation based on consistency regularization. Consistency regularization enforces consistent network predictions under random image augmentations, including pose-preserving and pose-altering augmentations. We propose a strategy to exploit the relative pose introduced by pose-altering augmentations between augmented image pairs, to allow the network to benefit from relative pose labels during training on unlabeled data. We evaluate our approach in a domain-adaptation scenario and in a commonly used cross-dataset scenario. Furthermore, we reproduce related works to enforce consistent evaluation protocols and show that for both scenarios we outperform SOTA.
Estimation of eddy-current loss in permanent magnets of electric motors using network-field coupled multislice time-stepping finite-element method

The eddy-current loss in permanent magnets should be carefully considered in rare-earth magnet electric motors running at high rotor speeds. In this paper, a comprehensive approach to estimate the eddy-current loss in permanent magnets of electric motors is presented. The motor is modeled by a two-dimensional (2-D) multislice time-stepping finite-element method. The permanent magnets are represented by a network and its equations are solved simultaneously with finite-element equations. A special technique dealing with the multislices of the permanent magnets in the solution domain is put forward. The major merit of the proposed method is that the estimation of the eddy-current loss which is basically a three-dimensional problem can be tackled by a 2-D method resulting in significant reduction in computing time.
Atmospheric parameters and chemical composition of the ultra-cool roAp star HD 213637

A high-resolution spectrum obtained with the UVES instrument at the ESO VLT is used to determine atmospheric parameters and chemical composition of the roAp star HD 213637. Resolved Zeeman split lines are discovered in the spectrum of this star, indicating a mean field modulus of 5.5 kG. Eective temperature, Te = 6400 K determined from the profiles of the hydrogen H and H lines, makes HD 213637 one of the coolest (ro)Ap stars known, suggesting that the class of magnetic chemically peculiar stars extends to lower eective temperatures than previously thought. Furthermore, the low temperature of HD 213637 poses serious challenge to some excitation mechanisms suggested as an explanation of the roAp phenomenon. This peculiar star is also unique in its evolutionary stage: it is either located near the very end of its main sequence life or has already ascended the giant branch. Abundance analysis reveals that HD 213637 is iron-deficient and has abundance pattern typical of the cool pulsating Ap stars. An inconsistency between abundances derived from the weak and strong spectral lines and the lines of dierent ions provide a clear evidence for prominent vertical abundance stratification of many chemical species, notably Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Pr, Nd, Tb, and Er.
An analogue of the quantum Hall conductivity for a magnetic quadrupole moment

The quantum dynamics of a moving particle with a magnetic quadrupole moment that interacts with electric and magnetic fields is introduced. Then, it is discussed which conditions the external fields must satisfy so that an analogue of the Landau quantization can be obtained. Finally, by dealing with the lowest Landau level associated with the magnetic quadrupole system, an analogue of the quantum Hall conductivity is obtained.
On the Influence of Random Wind Stress Errors on the Four-Dimensional, Midlatitude Ocean Inverse Problem

Abstract The effects of the parameterized wind stress error covariance function on the a priori error covariance of an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) are examined. These effects are diagnosed by computing the projection of the a priori model state error covariance matrix to sea surface height (SSH). The sensitivities of the a priori error covariance to the wind stress curl error are inferred from the a priori SSH error covariance and are shown to differ between the subpolar and subtropical gyres because of different contributions from barotropic and baroclinic ocean dynamics. The spatial structure of the SSH error covariance due to the wind stress error indicates that the a priori model state error is determined indirectly by the wind stress curl error. The impact of this sensitivity on the solution of a four-dimensional inverse problem is inferred.
Do minority banks perform better or worse than non-minority banks?

ABSTRACT We investigate whether Minority Owned/Controlled Banks (MDIs) perform better or worse than Non-Minority Banks (NMDIs) in terms of lower profit rates and higher risk. MDIs and NMDIs are compared using a propensity score matching (PSM) methodology. We also compare the performance when their headquarters are in the same census tract. In contrast to previous and earlier studies, the empirical results indicate that MDIs exhibit no signs of under- or over-performance vis-à-vis NMDIs. Moreover, we find no statistically significant difference between the four sub-categories of MDIs (Black, Asian, Hispanic, and Native American) and NMDIs regarding either profitability or riskiness. Robustness checks using zip code and city-level data effectively confirm these results.