Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production of L-threonine by auxotrophic mutants of Escherichia coli.

Two auxotrophic mutants of Escherichia coli have been shown to accumulate significant amounts of l-threonine in the culture medium. One mutant, 13071, is deficient in alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelic acid (DAP), and the other, 13070, is deficient in both DAP and methionine. Accumulation of l-threonine by 13071 in a synthetic medium with mannitol as the carbon source at 37 C incubation temperature was greatly influenced by initial DAP concentration. At an optimal level of DAP a yield of 1.5 g/liter l-threonine was obtained in 28 hr. l-Threonine accumulation by 13070 with sorbitol as the carbon source at 28 C incubation temperature was dependent upon the initial concentration of both DAP and methionine. At optimal levels of the two deficient amino acids, a yield of 2.0 g/liter l-threonine was obtained in 44 to 48 hr. By adding to the medium suitable quantities of beet molasses or sucrose supplemented with corn steep liquor the yield could be raised to almost 4 g/liter.l-Threonine of extremely high purity was isolated from fermentation broth from both mutants. The product was not contaminated with any detectable amounts of d-threonine or allothreonine.
Modelling-Based Feature Selection for Classification of Forest Structure Using Very High Resolution Multispectral Imagery

This paper presents a new feature selection method which aims to effectively and efficiently map remote sensing data. An automated texture-based modelling procedure of forest structure variables is at the core of our approach. We show that texture features that are highly correlated to genuine physical parameters of forest structure have potential for building reliable classifiers. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our modelling-based texture feature selection method in performing mapping of very high resolution forest images. Our method outperforms Random Forest variable importance in terms of classification accuracy and computational complexity.
Biomechanical effects of daily physical activities on the lower limb.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the joint torques on the lower extremity during the daily physical activity movements of sit-to-stand, crouch down-stand up, and stair climbing without using an external device. METHODS The study subject was a healthy 26-year-old male without any physical problems. A link-segment model was prepared according to the subject's individual anthropometric characteristics and transferred to the MATLAB(®) program. Joint torques were calculated using SimMechanics™ software. Motions were recorded by one digital video camera as the subject performed the movements (sit-to-stand from 20 cm and 40 cm height, crouch down-stand up, and climbing 10 cm and 20 cm high step) and the joint's position data was obtained using a digitization process. In addition, the vertical ground reaction forces were measured using a force plate in order to test the accuracy of the link-segment model. Lower extremity joint torques were calculated. RESULTS Maximum joint torques occurred in the knee joint. The knee and the ankle joints were the most loaded joint during the high step movement. The highest torques of the knee and ankle joint were 157.2 Nm and 146 Nm, respectively, during the movements. Knee joint torque and the ankle joint torque increased when the sitting height increased. The hip joint experienced the least amount of load during the movements. CONCLUSION The knee joint has enough strength against high torques during extension and flexion movement. Joint torques can be successfully calculated using a simulation process involving an inverse dynamics method without an external device mounted on the limbs. The obtained data can be used in the design of prosthetics and orthotics and for structural analysis of the bones.
On the Rational Solution of Dominant Issues in Higher Education

The dominant issues confronting higher education are legal, economic, and technological. Each issue is the culmination of trends and developments over the past 25 years but involves a different mode or style of rational problem-solving. The differential features of legal, economic, and technical rationality are discussed and the implications of their inherent conflict are considered. The major conclusion is that each can provide only partial solutions and in doing so, may create other problems and issues. If legal, economic, and technological issues are to be resolved successfully, their peculiar forms of rationality must not be permitted to submerge the intellectual, cultural, and humanistic dimensions of education.
Suitability of FinFET introduction into eDRAM cells for operate at sub-threshold level

This paper explores the feasibility, in terms of performance and reliability, of gain-cell embedded DRAM (eDRAM) to be operative at sub-threshold range, when they are implemented with 10nm FinFET devices. The use of individual transistor resizing in order to achieve better cell performance (i.e. retention time, access time, and energy consumption) at the sub-VT operating level is studied. In this scenario, asymmetrically resizing the memory cell, since we modify the channel length of the write access transistor and the width of the rest of the devices in the eDRAM cell, entails a 3.5x increase in retention time as compared to the nominal case and with smaller area overhead. Moreover, such a resizing significantly improves reliability against variability and soft errors (50% and 1.9x, respectively) when the cells are operated at sub-VT level.
Dissociation between hospital performance of the smoking cessation counseling quality metric and cessation outcomes after myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND Recognizing the importance of smoking cessation after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations currently uses documentation of smoking cessation counseling (SCC) as a metric of hospitals' quality of AMI care. Yet, the association between hospitals' performance of this quality measure and subsequent tobacco cessation rates has not been established. METHODS We analyzed 889 consecutive smokers treated for AMI at 19 hospitals in PREMIER (Prospective Registry Evaluating Myocardial Infarction: Events and Recovery) between January 1, 2003, and June 28, 2004. Patients were followed up for 1 year after hospitalization. Multivariate regression modeling was performed to determine the association between hospital-level documented SCC rates and tobacco cessation rates after discharge. RESULTS On a hospital level, the median medical record-documented SCC rate was 72.0% (interquartile range, 59.6%-90.1%). At 1 year, the median smoking cessation rate was 55.6% (interquartile range, 37.5%-61.9%). Although patients with documented SCC were more likely to recall receiving SCC at 1 month (86.1% vs 70.8%, P < .001), their rate of quitting at 1 year was lower than that of patients without documented SCC (50.1% vs 60.7%, P = .02; relative risk, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.61-0.94). At the hospital level, there was no correlation between SCC documentation and successful quitting at 6 months (r = -0.19, P = .11) or 1 year (r = -0.13, P = .45). CONCLUSIONS The performance metric for SCC, as it is currently structured, does not correlate with actual smoking cessation at 6 months or 1 year. Revision of this performance measure should be considered to more effectively reflect the goal of promoting smoking cessation.
Design of high power IGBT interlocking drive and protect circuit supplied by single power based on ACPL-332J

This paper proposes a novel design of high power IGBT interlocking drive and protect circuit supplied by single power based on ACPL-332J chip. Firstly, it introduces the basic principle of interlocking drive circuit. Then, peripheral protect circuit is presented in detail, including chip protect circuit and IGBT protect circuit. Why and how to choose parameters of each component also are described. A novel interlocking drive circuit, without adding any components, is designed to prevent short circuit of DC bus when gate drive signals of the upper and lower IGBTs in the same phase are turned on at the same time. This IGBT interlocking drive and protect circuit is proved to be stable and reliable in Servo drive system of PMSM by experiment.
THE VISUAL DISCRIMINATION OF INTENSITY AND THE WEBER-FECHNER LAW

1. A study of the historical development of the Weber-Fechner law shows that it fails to describe intensity perception; first, because it is based on observations which do not record intensity discrimination accurately, and second, because it omits the essentially discontinuous nature of the recognition of intensity differences. 2. There is presented a series of data, assembled from various sources, which proves that in the visual discrimination of intensity the threshold difference ΔI bears no constant relation to the intensity I. The evidence shows unequivocally that as the intensity rises, the ratio See PDF for Equation first decreases and then increases. 3. The data are then subjected to analysis in terms of a photochemical system already proposed for the visual activity of the rods and cones. It is found that for the retinal elements to discriminate between one intensity and the next perceptible one, the transition from one to the other must involve the decomposition of a constant amount of photosensitive material. 4. The magnitude of this unitary increment in the quantity of photochemical action is greater for the rods than for the cones. Therefore, below a certain critical illumination—the cone threshold—intensity discrimination is controlled by the rods alone, but above this point it is determined by the cones alone. 5. The unitary increments in retinal photochemical action may be interpreted as being recorded by each rod and cone; or as conditioning the variability of the retinal cells so that each increment involves a constant increase in the number of active elements; or as a combination of the two interpretations. 6. Comparison with critical data of such diverse nature as dark adaptation, absolute thresholds, and visual acuity shows that the analysis is consistent with well established facts of vision.
Impact of Pivotal Response Training Group Therapy on Stress and Empowerment in Parents of Children With Autism

Parents of children with autism are increasingly being considered as primary agents of intervention for their children. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether participating in a pivotal response training (PRT) group therapy program for parents of children with autism influenced related aspects of parents’ lives, namely, their levels of stress and empowerment. Seventeen families participated in a 10-week therapy group designed to train parents to use PRT, with a specific focus on their children’s language deficits. Measures of empowerment and stress were obtained at baseline and at the end of the trial. Ratings on the Parenting Stress Index/Short Form and the Family Empowerment Scale showed significant changes from pre- to posttreatment, indicating that parents felt higher levels of empowerment and lower levels of stress after the 10-week group program. Notably, stress related to parent–child interactions was most reduced. Possible causal factors and implications are discussed.
Delivery of parasite Cdg7_Flc_0990 RNA transcript into intestinal epithelial cells during Cryptosporidium parvum infection suppresses host cell gene transcription through epigenetic mechanisms

Cryptosporidial infection causes dysregulated transcription of host genes key to intestinal epithelial homeostasis, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Previous studies demonstrate that several Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) RNA transcripts are selectively delivered into epithelial cells during host cell invasion and may modulate gene transcription in infected cells. We report here that C. parvum infection suppresses the transcription of LRP5, SLC7A8, and IL33 genes in infected intestinal epithelium. Trans‐suppression of these genes in infected host cells is associated with promoter enrichment of suppressive epigenetic markers (i.e., H3K9me3). Cdg7_FLc_0990, a C. parvum RNA that has previously demonstrated to be delivered into the nuclei of infected epithelial cells, is recruited to the promoter regions of LRP5, SLC7A8, and IL33 genes. Cdg7_FLc_0990 appears to be recruited to their promoter regions together with G9a, a histone methyltransferase for H3K9 methylation. The PR domain zinc finger protein 1, a G9a‐interacting protein, is required for the assembly of Cdg7_FLc_0990 to the G9a complex and gene‐specific enrichment of H3K9 methylation. Our data demonstrate that cryptosporidial infection induces epigenetic histone methylations in infected cells through nuclear transfer of parasite Cdg7_Flc_0990 RNA transcript, resulting in transcriptional suppression of the LRP5, SLC7A8, and IL33 genes.
A demonstration of three requirements language systems

This paper is a summary of a comparative demonstration of three systems requirements tools: the U. S. Air Forces Computer Aided Design ana Specification Analysis Tool (CADSAT) with extensions developed by Logicon [I], Teledyne Brown Engineering's Input/Output Requirements Language (IORL) [2], and TRW's Software Requirements Engineering Methoaology (SREM) [3]. This work is unique because the approach used is close to that of a controlled experiment. Three teams were each given the same Detailed Functional Systems Requirement (DFSR) of an actual U.S. Army management information system. The DFSR was made up of narratives, flowcharts, decision tables, and so forth. Each of the teams acted independently of the others, and turned in a separate final report. Information regarding the number and type of errors found by each demonstration is given.
Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of the Novel Antiandrogen BMS-641988 in Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Purpose: BMS-641988 is an androgen receptor antagonist with increased potency relative to bicalutamide in both in vitro and in vivo prostate cancer models. A first-in-man phase I study was conducted to define the safety and tolerability of oral BMS-641988 in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Experimental Design: Doses were escalated from 5 to 150 mg based on discrete pharmacokinetic parameters in cohorts of three to six subjects. After establishing safety with 20 mg of BMS-641988 in the United States, a companion study was opened in Japan to assess differences in drug metabolism between populations. Results: Sixty-one men with CRPC were treated with daily BMS-641988. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of BMS-641988 and its active metabolites were proportional to dose. One patient experienced an epileptic seizure at a dose of 60 mg administered twice. Despite achieving target drug exposures, antitumor activity was limited to one partial response. Seventeen of 23 evaluable patients (74%) exhibited stable disease on imaging (median 15 weeks; range 8–32), and 10 of 61 patients (16%) achieved a ≥30% decline in levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Partial agonism was seen within the context of this study upon removal of the drug as evidenced by a decrease in PSA. Conclusions: Although the clinical outcomes of predominantly stable disease and partial agonism were similar to what was observed in the preclinical evaluation of the compound, the limited antitumor activity of BMS-641988 at therapeutic dose levels coupled with an episode of seizure activity led to study closure. Clin Cancer Res; 17(4); 880–7. ©2010 AACR.
Grundschulunterricht aus Schüler-, Lehrer- und Beobachterperspektive: Zusammenhänge und Vorhersage von Lernerfolg*

Unterrichtsqualitat kann mit drei Basisdimensionen beschrieben werden: strukturierte Klassenfuhrung, kognitive Aktivierung und unterstutzendes Klima. Untersuchungen aus dem Sekundarbereich finden oftmals nur geringe Ubereinstimmungen zwischen Urteilen zur Unterrichtsqualitat von Schulerinnen und Schulern, Lehrpersonen und externen Beobachtern. Es stellt sich damit die Frage, ob aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven dieselben Konstrukte erfasst werden und wie diese mit dem Lernerfolg der Schulerinnen und Schuler zusammenhangen. Fur die Grundschule wurden in der vorliegenden Studie substanzielle Zusammenhange zwischen Urteilen zur strukturierten Klassenfuhrung aus allen drei Perspektiven gefunden. Zudem zeigten sich hier in Mehrebenen-Regressionsanalysen Effekte aller drei Urteilerperspektiven auf die Leistungsentwicklung. Keine Zusammenhange zwischen den Perspektiven zeigten sich im Bereich kognitive Aktivierung. Beim unterstutzenden Klima bestanden Zusammenhange nur zwischen Schuler- und Lehrerurteilen. Bei .
AN INTRODUCTION TO LEXICAL SEMANTICS A Computational Perspective

In this introductory text, we present some of the main lexical semantics paradigms frequently used in Computational Linguistics circles. Most of the elements presented here come from different linguistic traditions. To make the text homogeneous, we have somewhat reformulated or simplified some of them. We successively present the notions of argument structure and thematic roles, the notion of a network of word-senses, as embodied in WordNet, the Lexical Conceptual Structure and the Generative Lexicon.
Incidence of highly important extravascular findings detected on CT angiography of the abdominal aorta and the lower extremities.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and significance of extravascular findings on CT angiography of the abdominal aorta and lower extremities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Reports of CT angiograms of the abdominal aorta and lower extremities for 275 patients (164 men and 111 women; mean age, 72 years) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were scanned from the level of diaphragm to toes. Extravascular findings were classified into three groups-low, moderate, and high importance-on the basis of clinical significance. Low-importance findings were defined as those with little, if any, clinical significance. Moderate-importance findings were those that may not be clinically apparent but recognition of which could be beneficial at a later time. Highly important findings were defined as previously unknown results requiring further imaging or investigation. For highly important findings, electronic chart review determined the subsequent clinical course. RESULTS Highly important extravascular findings were found in 40 (15%) patients. Of 462 findings overall, 43 (9%) were of high importance, 77 (17%) were of moderate importance, and 342 (74%) were of low importance. The most common highly important findings were indeterminate lesions of kidney (n = 9), lung (n = 7), and liver (n = 6). Overall, eight (3%) of the 275 patients had findings of high clinical significance that resulted in medical therapy or surgical intervention, including lung carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, colon carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. CONCLUSION Of patients undergoing CT angiography of the abdominal aorta and lower extremities, 15% had previously undiagnosed, highly important findings. Radiologists and referring clinicians should be aware of the frequency of these clinically significant extravascular findings at CT angiography.
Peripheral ARtery Atherosclerotic DIsease and SlEep disordered breathing (PARADISE) trial - protocol for an observational cohort study.

BACKGROUND Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is in fact a group of disease entities with different symptoms and course but a common underlying cause, i.e. atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is known to be aggravated by several cardiovascular risk factors, including obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). AIM Following paper is a protocol for the Peripheral ARtery Atherosclerotic DIsease and SlEep disordered breathing (PARADISE) trial, which aims to describe the prevalence of OSA in PAD patients scheduled for revascularisation, and to determine the effect of OSA on the procedure outcomes. METHODS The PARADISE study is an observational cohort trial. It plans to include 200 consecutive patients hospitalised for revascularisation due to PAD. In every patient an overnight sleep study will be performed to diagnose sleep disorders. Accord¬ing to the results of the test, patients will be divided into two groups: group A - patients with OSA, and group B - patients without OSA (control group). All patients will also be screened for classical and non-classical cardiovascular risk factors. In some of the patients, during surgery, a fragment of atherosclerotic plaque will be collected for further testing. Patients will be followed for one year for adverse events and end-points. Primary end-point of the study will be the failure of revascularisa¬tion defined as recurrence or new onset of the symptoms of ischaemia from the treated region, a need for re-operation or procedure revision, or recurrence of ischaemia signs on the imaging tests. DISCUSSION The data obtained will help determine the incidence of OSA in the population of patients with PAD. The au¬thors expect to show that, as with other cardiovascular diseases associated with atherosclerosis, also in patients with PAD the incidence of undiagnosed OSA is high and its presence is associated with elevated cholesterol, inflammatory markers, and higher prevalence of arterial hypertension and poor control of other cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, due to increased oxidative stress and vascular endothelial injury associated with OSA, patients afflicted with this condition will not only have more advanced atherosclerotic lesions, but also in their histopathological examination their atherosclerotic plaque will exhibit evidence of greater instability and adverse morphology. We also expect to show that in patients with OSA, achieving cor¬rect control of cardiovascular risk factors will be more difficult. The study may improve PAD control through assuring better multispecialty care in PAD patients.
Effects on health of prolonged exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide

The effects on health of prolonged but low level exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) are unclear. Studies of carbon monoxide exposure focus mainly on short term effects in experimental settings, or on long term effects in cases of accidental poisoning. Exposures in long term case studies are often of unknown levels and duration. Patients are sometimes exposed to short periods of acute intoxication, in addition to the low level, chronic exposure; thus the difficulty in determining which type of exposure is responsible for any subsequent health problems. Anecdotal evidence suggests that chronic exposure to CO may produce mild neurological effects. Although there are as yet no conclusive studies showing such a correlation, the evidence in its favour is accumulating. The effects of severe exposure to carbon monoxide are well understood. The very effective competition of carbon monoxide with oxygen for binding sites on haemoglobin with the subsequent left shift of the dissociation curve leads to a reduction in both oxygen transport and release. This produces a range of effects on health. In 1999, a WHO expert group reviewed the subject and reported their conclusions in Environmental Health Criteria 213, Carbon Monoxide . 1 A short account has been provided by the Expert Panel on Air Quality Standards.2 Severe poisoning, leading to a period of unconsciousness, may lead to neurological damage that may be long lasting, though eventual recovery seems to be the general rule. The mechanisms underlying the neurological damage are imperfectly known, but are thought to include an inflammatory response that may be initiated during the reperfusion or recovery phase when blood with increasing levels of oxygen flows into tissues that had hitherto been severely hypoxic. Reperfusion injury is known to play a part in the damage produced by myocardial infarction.3 Free radical release may lead to …