Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Astronomy and Astrophysics Modelling the Orbital Modulation of Ultraviolet Resonance Lines in High-mass X-ray Binaries

The stellar-wind structure in high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) is investigated through modelling of their ultraviolet (UV) resonance lines. For the OB super-giants in two systems, Vela X-1 and 4U1700−37, high-resolution UV spectra are available; for Cyg X-1, SMC X-1, and LMC X-4 low-resolution spectra are used. In order to account for the non-monotonic velocity structure of the stellar wind, a modified version of the Sobolev Exact Integration (SEI) method by Lamers et al. (1987) is applied. The orbital modulation of the UV resonance lines provides information on the size of the Strömgren zone surrounding the X-ray source. The amplitude of the observed orbital modulation (known as the Hatchett-McCray effect), however , also depends on the density-and velocity structure of the ambient wind. Model profiles are presented that illustrate the effect on the appearance of the HM effect by varying stellar-wind parameters. The q parameter of Hatchett & McCray (1977), as well as other parameters describing the supergiant's wind structure, are derived for the 5 systems. The X-ray luminosity needed to create the observed size of the Strömgren zone is consistent with the observed X-ray flux. The derived wind parameters are compared to those determined in single OB supergiants of similar spectral type. Our models naturally explain the observed absence of the HM effect in 4U1700−37. The orbital modulation in Vela X-1 indicates that besides the Strömgren zone other structures are present in the stellar wind (such as a photo-ionization wake). The ratio of the wind velocity and the escape velocity is found to be lower in OB supergiants in HMXBs than in single OB supergiants of the same effective temperature. A&A manuscript no. (will be inserted by hand later) Your thesaurus codes are: missing; you have not inserted them
The impact of carbon prices on Australia's national electricity market

There has been significant debate about how supply-side policy initiatives might potentially affect key participants within the National Electricity Market (NEM) in attempts to curb growth in carbon emissions. Most debate and analysis within this sector has focused on assessing the impact that a 'cap-and-trade' carbon trading scheme, and more recently, a carbon tax scheme, may have on promoting fuel-switching strategies and impacts on existing electricity generating assets each having a defined set of carbon emission intensity factors. The introduction of a carbon price signal achieves this by changing marginal cost relativities in order to promote increased dispatch and investment in less carbon-emission-intensive types of generation technologies, including gas-fired generation and renewable generation technologies. As Australia transitions towards a carbon-constrained economy, alternative policy settings create signals throughout the national electricity industry. To evaluate policy outcomes a model containing many of the salient features of the national wholesale electricity market is required. These features include intra-regional and inter-state trade, realistic transmission network pathways, and competitive dispatch of all generation technologies with price determination based upon variable cost and branch congestion characteristics.
Acquired Resistance to Rituximab Is Associated with Chemotherapy Resistance Resulting from Decreased Bax and Bak Expression

Purpose: Targeting malignant B cells using rituximab (anti-CD20) has improved the efficacy of chemotherapy regimens used to treat patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Despite the promising clinical results obtained using rituximab, many patients relapse with therapy-resistant disease following rituximab-based treatments. We have created a cell line model of rituximab resistance using three B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma–derived cell lines (Raji, RL, and SUDHL-4). In an attempt to define strategies to overcome rituximab resistance, we sought to determine the chemotherapy sensitivity of our rituximab-resistant cell lines (RRCL). Experimental Design: Parental, rituximab-sensitive cell lines (RSCL) Raji, RL, and SUDHL-4, along with RRCLs derived from them, were exposed to several chemotherapeutic agents with different mechanisms of action and the ability of these agents to induce apoptotic cell death was measured. Expression of multidomain Bcl-2 family proteins was studied as potential mediators of chemotherapy/rituximab resistance. Results: We found that RRCLs are resistant to multiple chemotherapeutic agents and have significantly decreased expression of the Bcl-2 family proteins Bax, Bak, and Bcl-2. RRCLs do not undergo rituximab- or chemotherapy-induced apoptosis but die in a caspase-dependent manner when either wild-type Bax or Bak is exogenously expressed. Furthermore, forced expression of Bak sensitized RRCL to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Conclusions: Whereas a single or limited exposure of lymphoma cells to rituximab may lead to a favorable ratio of proapoptotic to antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, repeated exposure to rituximab is associated with a therapy-resistant phenotype via modulation of Bax and Bak expression.
Is the Renminbi Asia's Dominant Reference Currency? A Reconsideration

Recent empirical studies show that the Chinese currency renminbi is either becoming or has become a dominant reference currency in Asia. However, the high correlation between the US dollar and renminbi movements hampers the identification of their individual effects on the Asian currencies. In particular, the application of Frankel–Wei regressions to determine the weights of the US dollar and the (unorthogonalized) renminbi in the implicit currency baskets could suffer from endogeneity problems that produce an upward bias in renminbi's estimated weight. This paper reviews the evidence by applying country-specific Vector Autoregression (VAR) models to daily exchange rate data from nine Asian economies namely, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Taiwan. The VAR methodology allows for mutual interaction of the exchange rate variables, thereby circumventing the simultaneity bias problem. To overcome the identification problem, we study the relationship between Asian currencies and the US dollar (renminbi) in terms of their bilateral rates against the renminbi (US dollar). All bilateral exchange rates are standardized so that the impulse responses generated are in terms of the number of standard deviations of each series, hence facilitating comparisons across the two sets of models. Generalized impulse response analysis reveals that the US dollar has a significant influence on Asian currencies before the global financial crisis but its impact has weakened post-crisis. By contrast, there is clear evidence that the role of the renminbi in Asian exchange rate determination has increased after the global financial crisis, exerting either greater or a similar impact as the US dollar. Nonetheless, our findings do not support the claim that a de facto "renminbi bloc" has emerged in the region.
Causal dependencies of provenance data in healthcare environment

Open Provenance Model (OPM) is a provenance model that can capture provenance data in terms of causal dependencies among the provenance data model components. Causal dependencies are relationships between an event (the cause) and a second event (the effect), where the second event is understood as a physical consequence of the first. Causal dependencies can represent a set of entities that are necessary and sufficient to explain the presence of another entity. A provenance model is able to describe the provenance of any data at an abstract layer, but does not explicitly capture causal dependencies that are a vital challenge since the lacks of the relations in OPM, especially in healthcare environment. In this paper, we analyse the causal dependencies between entities in a medical workflow system with OPM graphs.
A broadband 60 GHz aperture-coupled patch array integrated in multilayer ceramics technology

The ISM band at 60 GHz provides sufficient bandwidth for wireless transmission of data rates in the Gbps range. To fully utilize this unlicensed frequency range, the design of suitable antennas has to account for application-specific demands in terms of frequency bandwidth and antenna gain. We present a successful implementation, based on a compact patch array approach, meeting realistic requirements. The measured S-parameters indicate an impedance bandwidth of 10.5% for the antenna array. The measured gain amounts to 11.8 dBi with a flatness of 2.1 dB over the impedance bandwidth.
Dynamic Phasor Estimates for Power System Oscillations

Since its invention, the phasor has essentially been considered as a steady-state concept. Up to now, this assumption has shaped most of the algorithms for phasor estimation. This paper breaks that old paradigm by relaxing the static phasor concept to a dynamic one, i.e., the dynamic phasor, which is one complex time function with movement freedom. This paper presents the algorithm to approximate the dynamic phasor by a second-order Taylor polynomial and compares its phasor estimate to the traditional one. This approximation leads to the definition of the phasor state vector, which contains not only the estimate of the dynamic phasor but the estimates of its derivatives as well. These new estimates improve the accuracy of oscillation estimation by including new Taylor details into the interpolation process. Errors on the order of 10-4 are achieved with this approximation in bandpass signals over observation intervals of two cycles.
Class Strategies and the Education Market: The Middle Classes and Social Advantage

1. Class and Strategy 2. Market Research! The Inclination and Capacity for Choice 3. Cultural Capacity and Social Capital 4. Fear and Anxiety 5. Starting Early! 6. We are all Libertarians now? 7. 'Tawney's Curse': Class Divisions in Education
A Revision of the Schema Theorem

Due to an approximation error the schema theorem implies a wrong estimate for the frequency of instances of a schema. In this article an example is given for which the schema theorem gives a wrong estimate. Based on a modeling which allows a mathematical analysis of genetic algorithms, the schema theorem is revised and a corrected estimate is shown.
Beta levered and beta unlevered

We prove that in a world without leverage cost the relationship between the levered beta ( β L ) and the unlevered beta (βu) is the No-cost-of-leverage formula: β L = βu + (βu ‐ βd) D (1 ‐ T) / E. We also prove that the value of tax shields in a world with no leverage cost is the present value of the debt (D) times the tax rate (T) times the required return to the unlevered equity (Ku), discounted at the unlevered cost of equity (Ku): D T Ku / (Ku ‐ g). We then analyze 7 valuation theories proposed in the literature to estimate the relationship between the levered beta and the unlevered beta: Modigliani-Miller (1963), Myers (1974), Miles-Ezzell (1980), Harris-Pringle (1985), Damodaran (1994), No-cost-of-leverage and Practitioners. Without leverage costs the relationship between the betas is the No-cost-of-leverage formula. Only Damodaran provides consistent valuations once leverage costs are allowed for, but he introduces leverage costs in an ad hoc way.
Department of Economics Working Paper University of Massachusetts Amherst Influence Networks and Public Goods Ináuence Networks and Public Goods

We consider a model of local public goods in a random network context. The ináuence network determines (exogenously) who observes whom every period and comprises a wide array of options depending on the degree distribution and the in/out-degree correlations. We show that there exists a unique equilibrium level of public good provision and compare it with the e¢cient level. We derive further insights for this problem by performing a comparative statics analysis.
Identification of Gene Regulatory Networks by Gene Disruptions and Overexpressions

This section is based on the article of Akutsu et al. [2]. Almost all proofs and all figures were take from this paper. In this section we show how to identify a gene regulatory network from data obtained by multiple gene perturbations (disruptions and overexpressions) taking into account the number of experiments and the complexity of experiments. An experiment consists of parallel gene perturbations and their total number is the complexity of an experiment.
X-Linked G6PD Deficiency Protects Hemizygous Males but Not Heterozygous Females against Severe Malaria

Background Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is important in the control of oxidant stress in erythrocytes, the host cells for Plasmodium falciparum. Mutations in this enzyme produce X-linked deficiency states associated with protection against malaria, notably in Africa where the A− form of G6PD deficiency is widespread. Some reports have proposed that heterozygous females with mosaic populations of normal and deficient erythrocytes (due to random X chromosome inactivation) have malaria resistance similar to or greater than hemizygous males with populations of uniformly deficient erythrocytes. These proposals are paradoxical, and they are not consistent with currently hypothesized mechanisms of protection. Methods and Findings We conducted large case-control studies of the A− form of G6PD deficiency in cases of severe or uncomplicated malaria among two ethnic populations of rural Mali, West Africa, where malaria is hyperendemic. Our results indicate that the uniform state of G6PD deficiency in hemizygous male children conferred significant protection against severe, life-threatening malaria, and that it may have likewise protected homozygous female children. No such protection was evident from the mosaic state of G6PD deficiency in heterozygous females. We also found no significant differences in the parasite densities of males and females with differences in G6PD status. Pooled odds ratios from meta-analysis of our data and data from a previous study confirmed highly significant protection against severe malaria in hemizygous males but not in heterozygous females. Among the different forms of severe malaria, protection was principally evident against cerebral malaria, the most frequent form of life-threatening malaria in these studies. Conclusions The A− form of G6PD deficiency in Africa is under strong natural selection from the preferential protection it provides to hemizygous males against life-threatening malaria. Little or no such protection is present among heterozygous females. Although these conclusions are consistent with data from at least one previous study, they have not heretofore been realized to our knowledge, and they therefore give fresh perspectives on malaria protection by G6PD deficiency as an X-linked trait.
A novel video matting approach based on motion estimation

In this paper, we propose a novel video matting approach based on motion estimation. For a given video sequence, we first select some keyframes according to a dynamic rule. Then we segment keyframes into foreground and background using grabcut and automatically propagate these segmentations to the whole video sequence. Finally, we apply guided filter to every frame and its segmentation to get a fine alpha matte sequence. Instead of using optical flow to propagate segmentations, we adopt a motion estimation method which uses a fast block matching algorithm. Experiment results on various video sequences show that our approach not only achieves faster speed in segmentation propagation process but also improves the matting quality compared with methods using optical flow.
A neural network for mining large volumes of time series data

Efficiently mining large volumes of time series data is amongst the most challenging problems that are fundamental in many fields such as industrial process monitoring, medical data analysis and business forecasting. This paper discusses a high-performance neural network for mining large time series data set and some practical issues on time series data mining. Examples of how this technology is used to search the engine data within a major UK eScience Grid project (DAME) for supporting the maintenance of Rolls-Royce aero-engine are presented
Centaur: locating devices in an office environment

We consider the problem of locating devices such as laptops, desktops, smartphones etc. within an office environment, without requiring any special hardware or infrastructure. We consider two widely-studied approaches to indoor localization: (a) those based on Radio Frequency (RF) measurements made by devices with WiFi or cellular interfaces, and (b) those based on Acoustic Ranging (AR) measurements made by devices equipped with a speaker and a microphone. A typical office environment today comprises devices that are amenable to either one or both these approaches to localization. In this paper we ask the question, "How can we combine RF and AR based approaches in synergy to locate a wide range of devices, leveraging the benefits of both approaches? " The key contribution of this paper is Centaur, a system that fuses RF and AR based localization techniques into a single systematic framework that is based on Bayesian inference. Centaur is agnostic to the specific RF or AR technique used, giving users the flexibility of choosing their preferred RF or AR schemes. We also make two additional contributions: making AR more robust in non-line-of-sight settings (EchoBeep) and adapting AR to localize speaker-only devices (DeafBeep). We evaluate the performance of our AR enhancements and that of the Centaur framework through microbenchmarks and deployment in an office environment.
Subliminal vibro-tactile based notification of CO2 economy while driving

A general reduction of carbon dioxide emissions is an important topic currently discussed by both society and government -- lower allowed emission values would strongly affect automotive manufacturers as road transport produces, for example, about one fifth of the CO2 emissions in the European Union. But that's not all, also the individual driver could be affected from regulatory mechanisms as it is feasible, not least due to the broad availability of wireless and information technology in cars, to demand the assembly of a "personal carbon dioxide profile" including all the emissions accumulating from operating vehicles, traveling by plane, and even from using public transport, and in succession to charge a person based on its effective CO2 consumption. One problem arising in this field is that an individual usually is not aware about his/her CO2 consumption, neither about which means of transportation produces what amount of carbon dioxide (what is the personal fraction of CO2 for a large plane with 250 passengers traveling 5, 000km? ), nor how exactly to drive a vehicle economic or wasting with respect to CO2 emission or what the difference between these two extreme values (in terms of cost) is. To counteract the issue of driving economy, which is the only the driver can directly control, we propose a inattentive operating vibro-tactile notification system integrated into the car (safety belt or seating), helping the driver in his/her (i) subjective CO2 valuation and (ii) reduction of CO2 emissions while driving. Results from real driving experiments have shown that drivers tend to drive more economic with regard to carbon dioxide emission when perceiving tactile feedback about their current driving efficiency compared to baseline tests without technology assistance.
Metabolic Acidosis and Strong Ion Gap in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury

Purpose. To determine the influence of physicochemical parameters on survival in metabolic acidosis (MA) and acute kidney injury (AKI) patients. Materials and Methods. Seventy-eight MA patients were collected and assigned to AKI or non-AKI group. We analyzed the physiochemical parameters on survival at 24 h, 72 h, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after AKI. Results. Mortality rate was higher in the AKI group. AKI group had higher anion gap (AG), strong ion gap (SIG), and apparent strong ion difference (SIDa) values than non-AKI group. SIG value was higher in the AKI survivors than nonsurvivors and this value was correlated serum creatinine, phosphate, albumin, and chloride levels. SIG and serum albumin are negatively correlated with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV scores. AG was associated with mortality at 1 and 3 months post-AKI, whereas SIG value was associated with mortality at 24 h, 72 h, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months post-AKI. Conclusions. Whether high or low SIG values correlate with mortality in MA patients with AKI depends on its correlation with serum creatinine, chloride, albumin, and phosphate (P) levels. AG predicts short-term mortality and SIG value predicts both short- and long-term mortality among MA patients with AKI.
Working fathers in Europe: earning and caring?

This article asks whether co-residential fathers who spend more time looking after their children work fewer hours and earn less than other fathers and non-fathers. The results suggest that to the contrary, fathers who spend more time with their children earn more per hour and work fewer hours per week, on average, than those who spend less time with their children. In other words, employed fathers who spend most time with their children also experience the most favourable labour market outcomes. Furthermore, prior labour market outcomes are positively correlated with a man becoming a father.
Study on Very Fast Transient Overvoltage of Closing No-load China UHV Transmission Demonstration Project Jindongnan-Nanyang- Jingmen 1000 kV Transmission Lines

When the ultra high voltage (UHV) substation used the gas insulated switchgear (GIS) system to switch lines with capacitive current, the pre-breakdown and multiple reignition will occur between switching contacts. Because of discharge characteristics of SF6 and special structures of GIS system, the variations of the electromagnetic transient process and very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO) are very fast and extremely complex. The development process and characteristics of VFTO remain to be dealt with to seek effective suppression measures. The overvoltage of closing no-load long lines on GIS system is analyzed in detail. The simulation model of the very fast transient process of closing no-load long lines on UHV GIS system is established. The VFTO of closing no-load China UHV transmission demonstration project Jindongnan-Nanyang-Jingmen 1000 kV transmission lines is analyzed using electromagnetic transient simulation software ATP-EMTP. The VFTO of closing no-load long lines on UHV GIS system is simulated and calculated, when the system has no additional closing resistors and lightning arresters, additional single stage closing resistors, additional multistage closing resistors, lightning arresters in two terminals of lines, lightning arresters in two terminals and the middle of lines, and additional multistage closing resistors and lightning arresters in two terminals and the middle of lines. The simulation results show that the additional multistage closing resistors and lightning arresters in two terminals and the middle of lines can effectively restrain the VFTO of closing no-load long lines on UHV GIS system.