Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Breakthrough Technologies mEosFP-Based Green-to-Red Photoconvertible Subcellular Probes for Plants 1 [ W ] [ OA ]

Photoconvertible fluorescent proteins (FPs) are recent additions to the biologists’ toolbox for understanding the living cell. Like green fluorescent protein (GFP), monomeric EosFP is bright green in color but is efficiently photoconverted into a red fluorescent form using a mild violet-blue excitation. Here, we report mEosFP-based probes that localize to the cytosol, plasma membrane invaginations, endosomes, prevacuolar vesicles, vacuoles, the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and the two major cytoskeletal elements, filamentous actin and cortical microtubules. The mEosFP fusion proteins are smaller than GFP/red fluorescent protein-based probes and, as demonstrated here, provide several significant advantages for imaging of living plant cells. These include an ability to differentially color label a single cell or a group of cells in a developing organ, selectively highlight a region of a cell or a subpopulation of organelles and vesicles within a cell for tracking them, and understanding spatiotemporal aspects of interactions between similar as well as different organelles. In addition, mEosFP probes introduce a milder alternative to fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, whereby instead of photobleaching, photoconversion followed by recovery of green fluorescence can be used for estimating subcellular dynamics. Most importantly, the two fluorescent forms of mEosFP furnish bright internal controls during imaging experiments and are fully compatible with cyan fluorescent protein, GFP, yellow fluorescent protein, and red fluorescent protein fluorochromes for use in simultaneous, multicolor labeling schemes. Photoconvertible mEosFP-based subcellular probes promise to usher in a much higher degree of precision to live imaging of plant cells than has been possible so far using single-colored FPs.
Flow, Flux, and Feeding in Freshwater Mussels

Unionid mussels are important constituents of aquatic systems that are affected by anthropogenic changes in hydrology and concomitant increases in suspended solids, yet little is known about the effects of flow on their suspension feeding. We examined the clearance rates (CRs) of four species of freshwater mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea, Lampsilis fasciola, Ligumia nasuta, and Villosa iris) to determine whether they feed selectively on river seston and how this may vary with algal flux (concentration × velocity). The CR for the Lampsilis species was also determined using seston particle size, particle fluorescence, and algal taxon. The CR of all species increased linearly with flow chamber velocity, but exhibited saturation‐like kinetics with increasing algal flux. The CRs of Lampsilis species were higher for larger (>10 μm) versus smaller (<10 μm) particles, the latter of which were numerically dominant in river seston. The CR of Lampsilis mussels on most of the algal taxa declined (linearly or nonlinearly) with algal flux indicating that mussels have reduced ability to discriminate among algae at higher flux. This potential feeding limitation could affect mussel growth and survival and make unionids vulnerable to the aforementioned hydrological changes. Ecologically, differential use of algal taxa under different algal flux indicates selective feeding, which may be evidence of resource partitioning for mussel species that occupy the same rivers. The differential use of algal taxa under different algal flux within a mussel species indicates the complex nature of bivalve feeding, their habitat requirements, and their vulnerability to human impacts.
THE EXPRESSION OF AESTHETIC PRINCIPLES AS SYNTACTIC STRUCTURES AND HEURISTIC PREFERENCES AND CONSTRAINTS IN A COMPUTER PROGRAM THAT COMPOSES JAZZ IMPROVISATIONS

Popular musicsl oomposifions are not created out of thin air; they follow a set of aesthetic principles which distinguishes a l~rticular style. Although a complete set of criteria for the comlx~tion of aesthetically pleasing music has thus far defied formalism, some heuristic principles of aesthetics have been established. For example, in jazz improvisation, Coker (1964) remarks: believe that it should be a basic principle to use repetition, rather than variety but not too much. The listener is constantly making predictions; actual infinitesimal predictious as to whether the next event will be a repetition of something, or something different.if heis too successful in predicting he will be bored; if he is too unsuccessful he will give up and call the music
Sex Differences in Dabigatran Use, Safety, And Effectiveness In a Population-Based Cohort of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Background—Sex differences were observed with regard to warfarin treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation, with women having a higher risk of stroke compared with men. We aimed to compare sex differences in use, safety, and effectiveness of dabigatran. Methods and Results—We conducted a population-based cohort study of patients with atrial fibrillation using administrative data in Quebec, Canada, 1999 to 2013. Men and women who filled a prescription for dabigatran (110 and 150 mg bid) were compared with matched warfarin users with respect to their rates of stroke, bleeding, and myocardial infarction events, using propensity score analysis. The cohort comprised 31 786 women (50.4%) and 31 324 men (49.6%). Women had a higher baseline stroke risk and lower baseline bleeding risk compared with men. Women filled more prescriptions for the lower dabigatran dose compared with men (adjusted OR, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.24–1.48). In multivariable analyses adjusted for propensity scores, dabigatran use was associated with a lower risk of bleeding compared with warfarin in men (P for interaction=0.008). Dabigatran was associated with a trend toward lower risk of stroke in women treated with the 150-mg dose (HR, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.56–1.04), but was not associated with a difference in the risk of myocardial infarction compared with warfarin in either sex. Conclusions—In real-life practice, women are more frequently treated with low-dose dabigatran, yet a trend toward lower stroke rates in women taking high-dose dabigatran was observed. Men benefit from lower bleeding rates with dabigatran compared with warfarin.
The natural history and possible cause of bladder tumours.

TUMOURS OF THE bladder share with cancer of the lung and, to a lesser extent, cancer of ovary, pancreas and kidney, the invidious distinction of belonging to a group of tumours the incidence of which is still on the increase. This increase, affecting as it does the younger age groups, has not yet reached a peak, nor is it in any way due to increased accuracy of diagnosis. Affecting as it does the younger male age groups it may be due to environmental factors or to a change in social circumstances or habits (Fig. 1). Bladder tumours are unique in many respects in that the whole tumour can be inspected and palpated, serial biopsies can be taken, the mode whereby the tumour interferes with renal function can be recorded by serial pyelograms, the environment of the tumour can be studied by urine analysis and, as a considerable number of cases are not treated, the natural history of the disease from presenting symptom to death can be obtained.
Community-Driven and Ontology-Based Biological Knowledge Management: A Hybrid Approach to Harnessing Collective Intelligence

This paper proposes a new approach to knowledge management for systematizing expert knowledge especially biological knowledge among domain expert communities. In order to understand high-order biological phenomena, it is necessary to bridge the gap between the amount of information in the molecular level and the amount of information in the cell functional level. However, the biological knowledge in the cell functional level has not been systematized well so far. We have been seeking a method to systematically describe and understand cellular behaviors in morphogenesis and developed a biological database system called CBDB (Cell Behavior Database). CBDB is an ontology-based and community-based semantic data web on cell behaviors in the RDF format with multimedia data (e.g. texts, images and movies). In the effort, 2 biologists and their 28 students collected 1500 cell phenomena extracted from academic journals and text book for 3 years in CBDB. The fact will conduct to the result that our approach enhances efficiency of knowledge systematization of knowledge on cell behavior by professional community. In this paper, we will elaborate the CBDB and discuss the methodology for systematization of cell behavior knowledge by a domain expert community on a different level of expertise.
Caveolin-1 Tyr14 Phosphorylation Induces Interaction with TLR4 in Endothelial Cells and Mediates MyD88-Dependent Signaling and Sepsis-Induced Lung Inflammation

Activation of TLR4 by the endotoxin LPS is a critical event in the pathogenesis of Gram-negative sepsis. Caveolin-1, the signaling protein associated with caveolae, is implicated in regulating the lung inflammatory response to LPS; however, the mechanism is not understood. In this study, we investigated the role of caveolin-1 in regulating TLR4 signaling in endothelial cells. We observed that LPS interaction with CD14 in endothelial cells induced Src-dependent caveolin-1 phosphorylation at Tyr14. Using a TLR4-MD2-CD14–transfected HEK-293 cell line and caveolin-1–deficient (cav-1−/−) mouse lung microvascular endothelial cells, we demonstrated that caveolin-1 phosphorylation at Tyr14 following LPS exposure induced caveolin-1 and TLR4 interaction and, thereby, TLR4 activation of MyD88, leading to NF-κB activation and generation of proinflammatory cytokines. Exogenous expression of phosphorylation-deficient Y14F caveolin-1 mutant in cav-1−/− mouse pulmonary vasculature rendered the mice resistant to LPS compared with reintroduction of wild-type caveolin-1. Thus, caveolin-1 Y14 phosphorylation was required for the interaction with TLR4 and activation of TLR4-MyD88 signaling and sepsis-induced lung inflammation. Inhibiting caveolin-1 Tyr14 phosphorylation and resultant inactivation of TLR4 signaling in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells represent a novel strategy for preventing sepsis-induced lung inflammation and injury.
A geophysical study of oceanic core complexes and surrounding terrain, Mid‐Atlantic Ridge 13°N–14°N

We describe a geophysical study of oceanic core complexes (OCC) and surrounding seafloor on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge at 13°N–14°N and off‐axis to ∼1.9 Myr. Data include a detailed, deep‐towed side scan sonar, magnetic field and bathymetry survey, supplemented by concurrent sea‐surface bathymetry, magnetic field and gravity measurements. Using side scan and bathymetry, we infer areas and relative ages of seafloor volcanism, revealing a complex pattern of melt accretion across the median valley including close to its walls. We estimate tectonic and magmatic extension throughout the area, and find that average tectonic extension since chron 2 on plates containing OCCs is up to three times that on their conjugates. Deep‐towed magnetic data reveal asymmetric spreading (faster on OCC‐containing plates) and crustal magnetization that is highly heterogeneous on a scale of ∼5 km, suggesting that exhumed domes of OCCs have highly variable lithologies, perhaps comprising both serpentinized peridotite and gabbro. Improved fits to magnetic data are provided by models incorporating ∼45°of OCC footwall rotation. An axial zone of normal magnetization, of presumed Brunhes epoch, has highly variable width and amplitude, with parts of the ridge axis displaying very low or apparently reversed magnetization. Gravity requires that OCCs have dense cores capped by lower density zones several kilometers thick. Gravity data indicate longer term patterns of crustal thickness and melt distribution that are broadly consistent with numerical models of OCC formation and show that waxing magmatism may terminate OCCs.
Learning to Classify Email into “Speech Acts”

It is often useful to classify email according to the intent of the sender (e.g., "propose a meeting", "deliver information"). We present experimental results in learning to classify email in this fashion, where each class corresponds to a verbnoun pair taken from a predefined ontology describing typical “email speech acts”. We demonstrate that, although this categorization problem is quite different from “topical” text classification, certain categories of messages can nonetheless be detected with high precision (above 80%) and reasonable recall (above 50%) using existing text-classification learning methods. This result suggests that useful task-tracking tools could be constructed based on automatic classification into this taxonomy.
River connectivity reestablished: Effects and implications of six weir removals on brown trout smolt migration

Today's river systems have been extensively modified, requiring us to rethink how we approach the management of these important ecosystems. We evaluated the effects of removing 6 weirs in River Villestrup (Jutland, Denmark) on the smolt run of brown trout (Salmo trutta) over the course of 12 years. During 5 of these years, we evaluated the number, size, and timing of smolts during their downstream migration. We found an increase in smolt output following the weir removals, along with a decrease in average length and indications of an earlier peak migration. Our results suggest that barrier removal has led to an increase in spawning success by adults, fry survival, recruitment, and smolt migration success. Weir removal is therefore a viable management approach to restore connectivity in freshwater streams and rivers, which promotes the passage of smolts as they migrate to marine environments.
Postcopulatory Sexual Selection Is Associated with Reduced Variation in Sperm Morphology

Background The evolutionary role of postcopulatory sexual selection in shaping male reproductive traits, including sperm morphology, is well documented in several taxa. However, previous studies have focused almost exclusively on the influence of sperm competition on variation among species. In this study we tested the hypothesis that intraspecific variation in sperm morphology is driven by the level of postcopulatory sexual selection in passerine birds. Methodology/Findings Using two proxy measures of sperm competition level, (i) relative testes size and (ii) extrapair paternity level, we found strong evidence that intermale variation in sperm morphology is negatively associated with the degree of postcopulatory sexual selection, independently of phylogeny. Conclusions/Significance Our results show that the role of postcopulatory sexual selection in the evolution of sperm morphology extends to an intraspecific level, reducing the variation towards what might be a species-specific ‘optimum’ sperm phenotype. This finding suggests that while postcopulatory selection is generally directional (e.g., favouring longer sperm) across avian species, it also acts as a stabilising evolutionary force within species under intense selection, resulting in reduced variation in sperm morphology traits. We discuss some potential evolutionary mechanisms for this pattern.
Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Change Detection Using Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Algorithm

This paper presents a novel approach to change detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images based on image fusion and fuzzy clustering. The proposed approach use mean-ratio image and log-ratio image to generate a difference image by image fusion technique. In order to enhance the information of changed regions and background information in the difference image is based on the wavelet fusion rule. A reformulated fuzzy local c means clustering algorithm is used for differentiating changed and unchanged regions in the fused image, which is insensitive to noise and reduce the effect of speckle noise. By this method we get a better performance and lower error than the pre-existence.
Importance of promoting HIV testing for preventing secondary transmissions: modelling the Australian HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men.

BACKGROUND We address the research questions: (i) what proportion of new HIV infections is transmitted from people who are (a) undiagnosed, (b) in primary HIV infection (PHI), (c) on antiretroviral therapy? ; and (ii) what is the expected epidemiological impact of (a) increasing the proportion of newly acquired HIV infections receiving early treatment, and (b) increasing HIV testing rates? METHODS We used a mathematical model to simulate HIV transmission in the population of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Australia. We calibrated the model using established biological and clinical data and a wide range of Australian MSM epidemiological and behavioural data sources. RESULTS We estimate that ~19% of all new HIV infections are transmitted from the ~3% of Australian HIV-infected MSM who are in PHI; ~31% of new HIV infections are estimated to be transmitted from the ~9% of MSM with undiagnosed HIV. We estimate that the average number of infections caused per HIV-infected MSM through the duration of PHI is ~0.14-0.28. CONCLUSIONS The epidemiological impact of increasing treatment in PHI would be modest due to insufficient detection of newly-infected individuals. In contrast, increases in HIV testing rates could have substantial epidemiological consequences. The benefit of testing will also increase over time. Promoting increases in the coverage and frequency of testing for HIV could be a highly-effective public health intervention, but the population-level impact of interventions based on promoting early treatment of patients diagnosed in PHI is likely to be small. Treating PHI requires further evaluation of its long-term effects on HIV-infected individuals.
Image Steganography using Two's Complement

Nowadays communication is being done through internet so it has become very important to secure the secret information. Steganography is one of the techniques used for secret communication to overcome such threats. This technique hides the secret information behind other information without revealing its existence. This paper presents an Image Steganography Technique using 2’s Complement. In this technique first 2’s complement is performed on the secret pixel and then it is concealed in the LSBs of the cover image. General Terms Steganography, LSB (Least Significant Bit).
The urethral pressure profile: theoretical considerations and clinical application.

Summary A simple technique for the urethral pressure profile estimation has been studied and evaluated. The estimation would appear to be relatively free of sources of error. The diagnostic importance of the test in distinguishing between the normal patient and the patient with sphincter weakness has been discussed. We should like to thank the consultants at the Shaftsbury Hospital, London Hospital and Chelsea Hospital for Women for referring patients to us, and in particular Professor C. J. Dewhurst of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Professor J. P. Blandy of the London Hospital. One of us (L. E.) carried out this work as part of the requirement for the M. Chir. degree of the University of Cambridge.
Homecare : The need for Cooperative Information Systems

Assuming responsibility of patients at home (Homecare) is organized around a complex cooperation of partners: health care actors, relatives and helpers, all of whom intervene in the patient's home and who spark off the setting up of cooperative information systems. We present our work relating to such systems within the context of home care. Such activity is based on the collaboration of multiple mobile actors, obtaining information in a multimodal fashion, while taking the job profiles and professional grades of the users into account. Information is obtained from heterogeneous systems. The quality of management of the activity of the various health care actors and of the feedback on information handled at the time of the homecare process will determine how easy it may be to set up homecare as well as the quality of care. In this paper we outline the main stages of our work: grasping the context of homecare and studying co-operative activity from a fundamental point of view but also as applied to homecare. We describe the system proposed for accessing distributed information and for organizing the supervision of the 2 fundamental processes: (1) the LOGISTICAL process (to manage the organization), (2) and the CARE Process (to follow-up the medical or nursing status of the patient), and then we enhance the contribution of mobile technologies in this context.
A content analysis of smoking craving.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a content analysis of smoking craving in order to investigate more precisely the subjective nature of the construct with the goal of informing assessment. Thirty-two smokers interested in cessation treatment provided free response written descriptions of the level of craving they normally experience. These responses were analyzed for subjective content along five theoretical domains: physiological, affective, cognitive, behavioral, and synonyms (of craving). Although there were no differences in the relative proportion of broad content terms smokers used to describe their craving (e.g., cognitive versus affective), this analysis revealed considerable diversity in the specific terms smokers used. Some smokers described their craving in purely physiological terms whereas others used primarily cognitive terms, and still others used affective terms. To assume that smoking craving is qualitatively similar across persons, then, may mask important variations that define the individual experience of craving.
Evaluation of Essential Elements and Heavy Metals in Sardine Fish from Kivukoni, Kunduchi and Bagamoyo Fish Markets in Tanzania

This study has assessed the concentrations of the essential elements Ca, Cu, Fe, Se and Zn as well as the toxic heavy metals Al, As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb in samples of sardine fish collected from Kivukoni, Kunduchi and Bagamoyo fish markets. The collected fish samples were oven dried, grinded to fine powder and compressed to pellets. The pellets obtained were analysed for both essential elements and toxic heavy metals using Energy Dispersive Xrays Fluorescence Spectroscopy (EDXRF). The mean concentrations of the analysed elements were compared to the maximum tolerable levels (MTLs) set by international organisations. The mean concentrations of Ca, Se, Zn, As, Cr, and Cd were higher than their MTLs while, the mean concentrations of Cu and Ni were lower than their MTLs for samples from all fish markets. The mean concentrations of Al and Fe were higher than their MTLs for samples from Kunduchi and Bagamoyo fish markets. The Original Research Article Koleleni and Mosha; PSIJ, 20(2): 1-16, 2018; Article no.PSIJ. 45156 2 mean concentrations of Pb were below the detection limit (0.50) μg/g for the spectrometer used in this study. The MTLs for Ca, Fe, Cu, Se, Zn, Al, Cr, Ni, As, and Cd were 130,000 ; 200 ; 30 ; 40 ; 0.75 ; 100 ; 0.15 ; 2.00 ; 0.50 ; 0.50 ; and 2.00 μg/g respectively, according to FAO/WHO 2002, WHO 1983, COMA 1998, CFS2009, WHO1985, COT 2003 and CODEX 2005.
Blind, adaptive channel shortening by sum-squared auto-correlation minimization (SAM)

We propose a new blind, adaptive channel shortening algorithm for updating a time-domain equalizer (TEQ) in a system employing multicarrier modulation. The technique attempts to minimize the sum-squared auto-correlation of the combined channel-TEQ impulse response outside a window of desired length. The proposed algorithm, sum-squared auto-correlation minimization (SAM), assumes the source sequence to be white and wide-sense stationary, and it is implemented as a stochastic gradient descent algorithm. Simulation results demonstrating the success of the SAM algorithm are provided.