Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current match-analysis techniques' underestimation of intense periods of high-velocity running.

PURPOSE To compare the peak 5-min period of high-velocity running (HiVR) during a soccer match using a predefined vs a rolling time interval. METHODS Player movement data were collected from 19 elite Australian soccer players over 11 competitive matches (77 individual match files) using a 5-Hz global-positioning system. Raw velocity data were analyzed to determine the period containing the greatest HiVR distance per match half and the distance covered in the subsequent epoch. Intervals were identified using either a predefined (distance covered in 5 min at every 5-min time point) or rolling (distance covered in 5 min from every time point) method. The percentage difference ± 90% confidence limits were used to determine differences between methods. RESULTS Predefined periods underestimated peak distance covered by up to 25% and overestimated the subsequent epoch by up to 31% compared with rolling periods. When the distance decrement between the peak and following period was determined, there was up to a 52% greater reduction in running performance using rolling periods than predefined ones. CONCLUSIONS It is recommended that researchers use rolling as opposed to predefined periods when determining specific match intervals because they provide a more accurate representation of the HiVR distance covered. This will avoid underestimation of both match running distance and the decrement in running performance after an intense period of play. This may have practical implications for not only researchers but also staff involved in a club setting who use this reduction as evidence of transient fatigue during a match.
Adhesive Interactions Regulate Transcriptional Diversity in Malignant B Cells

The genetic profiling of B-cell malignancies is rapidly expanding, providing important information on the tumorigenic potential, response to treatment, and clinical outcome of these diseases. However, the relative contributions of inherent gene expression versus microenvironmental effects are poorly understood. The regulation of gene expression programs by means of adhesive interactions was studied here in ARH-77 human malignant B-cell variants, derived from the same cell line by selective adhesion to a fibronectin matrix. The populations included cells that adhere to fibronectin and are highly tumorigenic (designated “type A” cells) and cells that fail to adhere to fibronectin and fail to develop tumors in vivo (“type F” cells). To identify genes directly affected by cell adhesion to fibronectin, type A cells deprived of an adhesive substrate (designated “AF cells”) were also examined. Bioinformatic analyses revealed a remarkable correlation between cell adhesion and both B-cell differentiation state and the expression of multiple myeloma (MM)–associated genes. The highly adherent type A cells expressed higher levels of NFκB-regulated genes, many of them associated with MM. Moreover, we found that the transcription of several MM-related proto-oncogenes is stimulated by adhesion to fibronectin. In contrast, type F cells, which display poor adhesive and tumorigenic properties, expressed genes associated with higher levels of B-cell differentiation. Our findings indicate that B-cell differentiation, as manifested by gene expression profiles, is attenuated by cell adhesion to fibronectin, leading to upregulation of specific genes known to be associated with the pathogenesis of MM. Mol Cancer Res; 8(4); 482–93. ©2010 AACR.
The Delegate Theory of Representation

The delegate theory of representation posits that legislators ought to reflect purposively the preferences of their constituents. We show that this form of representation does take place on salient issues when the theory's two fundamental conditions are fulfilled simultaneously. First, legislators must think of themselves as delegates. Second, constituencies must provide consistent cues regarding district preferences to their representatives. The absence of either or both conditions seriously disrupts delegated representation.
Optimization of nucleosome assembly from histones and model DNAs and estimation of the reconstitution efficiency

M. M. Kutuzov, T. A. Kurgina, E. A. Belousova © 2019 M. M. Kutuzov et al.; Published by the Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine on behalf of Biopolymers and Cell. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited UDC 577.29 + 57.015. 5
Effectiveness of a parent "buddy" program for mothers of very preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVE Very preterm birth (< 30 weeks' gestation) is a stressful event for parents, and few support interventions for these parents have been evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of parent-to-parent peer support for mothers of very preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS In this cohort study, 32 mothers were recruited for the intervention group from the Mount Sinai Hospital and 28 mothers were recruited for the control group from the Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, both located in Toronto. The NICUs of these hospitals serve the same region and accept referrals on alternate days. Mothers in the intervention group were paired with trained mothers who had previously had a very preterm infant in the NICU and who provided principally telephone support. Participants in both groups received standard medical and social work services. Primary outcome data consisted of self-reported, standardized measures of parental stress, state anxiety and depression. Secondary measures included self-reported, standardized measures of perceived social support and trait anxiety. RESULTS At 4 weeks after enrolment in the study, mothers in the intervention group reported less stress than those in the control group (mean score 1.54 v. 2.93, p < 0.001). At 16 weeks after enrolment, the intervention group reported less state anxiety (mean score 31.4 v. 38.6, p < 0.05), less depression (mean score 2.20 v. 4.88, p < 0.01) and greater perceived social support (mean score 6.49 v. 5.48, p < 0.01) than the control group. There was no difference between the groups in terms of trait anxiety. Of the 24 mothers who evaluated the program, 21 (87.5%) indicated that it was very helpful or helpful. INTERPRETATION Support from individual, trained peers was found to be effective in helping mothers deal with the stress of very preterm birth.
Regulation of Flowering by Trehalose-6-Phosphate Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana

Sweet Enough to Flower In making the developmental switch from vegetative growth to flowering, plants integrate diverse information, including photoperiod, hormone signals, and carbohydrate status. Wahl et al. (p. 704; see the Perspective by Danielson and Frommer) analyzed the physiology of the signaling sugar trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) in Arabidopsis. Quantities of T6P cycle in daily rhythms that peak toward the end of the day. T6P levels in the shoot apical meristem mirrored sucrose levels. Disruption of T6P production also disrupted expression of the FLOWERING LOCUS T gene, which responds in leaves to day length and generates signals that direct the meristem to initiate flowering programs. T6P production also affected the signaling pathway that links the age of the plant to flowering. By incorporating requirements for T6P signaling in the flowering induction pathways, the plant ensures that adequate carbohydrate reserves have been accumulated. Thus, T6P regulates the shift to flowering by linking carbohydrate status to day length in the leaves and to developmental age in the shoot apical meristem. Specific sugar signals integrate carbohydrate status with day length and developmental age to regulate flowering. [Also see Perspective by Danielson and Frommer] The timing of the induction of flowering determines to a large extent the reproductive success of plants. Plants integrate diverse environmental and endogenous signals to ensure the timely transition from vegetative growth to flowering. Carbohydrates are thought to play a crucial role in the regulation of flowering, and trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) has been suggested to function as a proxy for carbohydrate status in plants. The loss of TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 1 (TPS1) causes Arabidopsis thaliana to flower extremely late, even under otherwise inductive environmental conditions. This suggests that TPS1 is required for the timely initiation of flowering. We show that the T6P pathway affects flowering both in the leaves and at the shoot meristem, and integrate TPS1 into the existing genetic framework of flowering-time control.
[Role of anomalies of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in atherogenicity].

Qualitative and quantitative anomalies of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) play a key role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Such anomalies are characteristics of the atherogenic dyslipidemias which occur most frequently, i.e. primary hypercholesterolemia of phenotype IIA (including familial hypercholesterolemia), combined hyperlipidemias (Type IIB) and hypertriglyceridemia (Type IV). An elevated concentration of circulating LDL occurs either as a result of hepatic overproduction of VLDL particles, the major precursors of LDL, or as a result of delayed catabolism, as occurs when there is a deficit of cellular LDL receptors (e.g. familial hypercholesterolemia), or as a combination of both. The major qualitative anomaly of LDL which results in elevated atherogenicity involves a predominance of small dense LDL, as seen in patients with premature coronary heart disease and equally in combined hyperlipidemia and in hypertriglyceridemia. The mechanism of the formation of these particles is complex and involves the concerted intravascular action of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) on triglyceride-rich precursors of dense LDL Lipid-lowering agents, such as fibrates and statins, act to reduce the atherogenicity of dense LDL by distinct mechanisms, which lead to normalisation of circulating LDL levels and/or to targeted reduction in dense particles of elevated atherogenicity. Indeed, such pharmacological probes have facilitated new insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms which underlie each of the major forms of atherogenic dyslipidemia.
Structure of the Multidrug Resistance P-glycoprotein to 2.5 nm Resolution Determined by Electron Microscopy and Image Analysis*

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a member of the ATP binding cassette superfamily of active transporters and can confer multidrug resistance on cells and tumors by pumping chemotherapeutic drugs from the cytoplasm. P-gp was purified from CHrB30 cells and retained the ability to bind substrates and hydrolyze ATP. Labeling of P-gp with lectin-gold particles suggested it is monomeric. An initial structure of purified P-gp was determined to 2.5 nm resolution by electron microscopy and single particle image analysis of both detergent-solubilized and lipid-reconstituted protein. The structure was further refined by three dimensional reconstructions from single particle images and by Fourier projection maps of small two-dimensional crystalline arrays (unit cell parameters: a, 14.2 nm; b, 18.5 nm; and γ, 91.6°). When viewed from above the membrane plane the protein is toroidal, with 6-fold symmetry and a diameter of about 10 nm. There is a large central pore of about 5 nm in diameter, which is closed at the inner (cytoplasmic) face of the membrane, forming an aqueous chamber within the membrane. An opening from this chamber to the lipid phase is present. The projection of the protein perpendicular to the membrane is roughly rectangular with a maximum depth of 8 nm and two 3-nm lobes exposed at the cytoplasmic face of the membrane, likely to correspond to the nucleotide binding domains. This study provides the first experimental insight into the three-dimensional architecture of any ATP binding cassette transporter.
Use and accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) staging of network treated endometrial cancer (EC): an audit and comparison to best evidence

Introduction: As a result of national and international guidelines, in recent years treatment of endometrial carcinoma (EC) has become more centralised. In the UK this has led to the development of regional cancer networks, with sub-specialists gynaecological-oncologists leading treatment in regional centres. A tool in appropriate triage of patients to treatment at central or peripheral units is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Objective: To assess if MRI is an effective tool in triaging place of treatment within the Cancer Network. Methods: Between March 2006 and December 2007 an audit was undertaken, comparing MRI and histology reports in women with tissue diagnosis of EC. The MRI reports were matched to histology and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging was compared. A review of guidance and expected accuracy was also performed. Results: Forty-three cases were analysed. Sensitivity or MRI for overall myometrial invasion was 88%, a positive predictive value (ppv) of 94% and a negative predictive value (npv) of 56%. 65.2% of reports commented on cervical involvement clearly, which was accurate in 44.2% cases. For cervical involvement, sensitivity was 57%, specificity 75%, ppv 44% and npv 83%. Conclusions: Practical reporting in our Network structure falls short of expectations. Standardisation of reporting under named lead radiologists may help improve accuracy and thus the utility of MRI to the regional cancer network. Key words : MRI staging; endometrial cancer. DOI: 10.4038/sljog.v31i2. 1754 Sri Lanka Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2009; 31 : 104-107
American Cancer Society Guideline for the Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: Update 2010

In 2009, the American Cancer Society (ACS) Prostate Cancer Advisory Committee began the process of a complete update of recommendations for early prostate cancer detection. A series of systematic evidence reviews was conducted focusing on evidence related to the early detection of prostate cancer, test performance, harms of therapy for localized prostate cancer, and shared and informed decision making in prostate cancer screening. The results of the systematic reviews were evaluated by the ACS Prostate Cancer Advisory Committee, and deliberations about the evidence occurred at committee meetings and during conference calls. On the basis of the evidence and a consensus process, the Prostate Cancer Advisory Committee developed the guideline, and a writing committee drafted a guideline document that was circulated to the entire committee for review and revision. The document was then circulated to peer reviewers for feedback, and finally to the ACS Mission Outcomes Committee and the ACS Board of Directors for approval. The ACS recommends that asymptomatic men who have at least a 10‐year life expectancy have an opportunity to make an informed decision with their health care provider about screening for prostate cancer after they receive information about the uncertainties, risks, and potential benefits associated with prostate cancer screening. Prostate cancer screening should not occur without an informed decision‐making process. Men at average risk should receive this information beginning at age 50 years. Men in higher risk groups should receive this information before age 50 years. Men should either receive this information directly from their health care providers or be referred to reliable and culturally appropriate sources. Patient decision aids are helpful in preparing men to make a decision whether to be tested. CA Cancer J Clin 2010;60:70–98. © 2010 American Cancer Society, Inc.
Fulminant and acute lymphocytic myocarditis: the prognostic value of clinicopathological classification.

Myocarditis, characterized by myocardial inflammation, may lead to left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, arrhythmias, conduction system disorders, and sudden death. While lymphocytic infiltration is most common, both eosinophilic and giant cell myocarditis are recognized entities. Lymphocytic myocarditis may result from systemic endocrinological, rheumatological, or toxic disorders; but is more commonly a manifestation of viral infection, either primarily or secondary to an immune response. In the past 15 years, while substantial effort has been expended developing and applying a precise histological classification scheme, only a few investigators have addressed the variable clinicopathological syndromes with which patients may present. In 1991, our group proposed a clinicopathological scheme of lymphocytic myocarditis based on the similarities between myocarditis and the four syndromes with which viral hepatitis manifests: fulminant, acute, chronic–active, and chronic–persistent. Patients with fulminant myocarditis had a very distinct and more favourable natural history than those with acute myocarditis (this group comprising the majority of patients with myocarditis). Patients with fulminant myocarditis (approximately 10% of the total) had a distinct onset of symptoms of short duration prior to presentation with severe congestive heart failure. These patients could date their symptoms to within a 2-day period and often had fever. By contrast, the presentation of acute myocarditis resembled that of adult patients with congestive heart failure, with gradual yet progressive development of fatigue, exercise limitation, and dyspnoea. The only way patients with acute myocarditis could be separated from other forms of cardiomyopathy and heart failure was by endomyocardial biopsy demonstrating lymphocytes with or without myocyte necrosis. The most clinically relevant observation was that fulminant myocarditis patients, although much more ill at presentation had an improved chance of full recovery and long-term survival. At the initial presentation, however, these patients required aggressive haemo-
Analysis and Implementation of a Neural Extended Kalman Filter for Target Tracking

Having a better motion model in the state estimator is one way to improve target tracking performance. Since the motion model of the target is not known a priori, either robust modeling techniques or adaptive modeling techniques are required. The neural extended Kalman filter is a technique that learns unmodeled dynamics while performing state estimation in the feedback loop of a control system. This coupled system performs the standard estimation of the states of the plant while estimating a function to approximate the difference between the given state-coupling function model and the behavior of the true plant dynamics. At each sample step, this new model is added to the existing model to improve the state estimate. The neural extended Kalman filter has also been investigated as a target tracking estimation routine. Implementation issues for this adaptive modeling technique, including neural network training parameters, were investigated and an analysis was made of the quality of performance that the technique can have for tracking maneuvering targets.
MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS OF INDUCED SPUTUM DNA IN PATIENTS WITH LUNG CANCER IN HEAVY SMOKERS AND IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS

Abnormality in the fragile histidine triade (FHIT), a candidate tumor suppressor gene located in chromosome region 3 (3p14.2), has been frequently found in multiple tumor types, including lung cancer. In this study, the authors assessed the consistency of DNA microsatellite analysis of induced sputum (IS), as compared to that of blood and plasma. They also evaluated the loss of heterozigosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) in 3 different loci, D3S1300, D3S1313, and D3S1234, all internal to the FHIT gene, in IS, blood, and plasma from patients with lung cancer, smokers, and healthy subjects. Eighteen patients with lung cancer (3 females, age mean ± SD: 63 ± 7 years), 39 smokers (23 females, age mean ± SD: 57 ± 6 years and cigarette pack-years mean ± SD: 34 ± 12), and 22 healthy nonsmoking subjects (13 females, age mean ± SD: 63 ± 5 years) were studied. DNA was extracted from blood, plasma, and IS, by means of a standard method. Analysis of LOH and MSI were performed using a fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based approach, followed by capillary electrophoresis. The ratios between the peak heights (phs), expressed as random fluorescence units, from plasma/blood (p/b) and induced sputum/blood (is/b) in all three loci were considered. The biases (agreement limits) between the mean ph ratio from p/b and is/b of D3S1300, D3S1313, and D3S1234 were respectively 0.07 (− 0.39 to 0.53), 0.016 (− 0.32 to 0.35), − 0.10 (− 0.51 to 0.30) in the patients; − 0.04 (− 0.52 to 0.43), − 0.06 (− 0.31 to 0.18), − 0.08 (− 0.48 to 0.30) in smokers; and − 0.11 (− 0.40 to 0.17), − 0.05 (− 0.53 to 0.43), − 0.09 (− 0.51 to 0.33) in healthy subjects. LOH and MSI in at least one locus were observed in 55% of patients, in 18% of smokers, and in 4.5% of healthy subjects (P < 0.001). These results showed that IS DNA provided data that were consistent with those from blood and plasma. These findings highlight new prospects for early tumor detection by a noninvasive technique based on the analysis of genetic alterations in induced sputum.
Solute clearances during continuous venovenous haemofiltration at various ultrafiltration flow rates using Multiflow-100 and HF1000 filters.

BACKGROUND In continuous venovenous haemofiltration (CVVH), high ultrafiltration rates provide survival benefits in acute renal failure. This study measured clearances obtained at ultrafiltration rates of up to 4.5 l/h. METHODS Clearances of small solutes (urea, creatinine, phosphate and urate) and of beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)-M) were measured during CVVH. Five preset Multiflow-100 (M-100) and five HF1000 hollow-fibre filters were compared. For the M-100, clearances obtained by haemofiltration were compared with those obtained by haemodiafiltration at similar total effluent rates from a previous study. RESULTS For small solutes, the effluent to plasma ratio (E/P) remained close to 1.0 at all ultrafiltration rates; filter clearances were thus equal to Quf for both filters. Increasing Quf from 1.0 to 4.5 l/h did not significantly modify E/P. Convective clearances of beta(2)-M were lower than those obtained for small solutes. For the M-100, average beta(2)-M E/P was 0.62+/-0.10 and did not significantly change while increasing Quf. For the HF1000, average beta(2)-M E/P were significantly lower compared with the M-100 (0.42+/-0.09 at 1.0 l/h) and decreased progressively to 0.26+/-0.06 while increasing Quf to 4.5 l/h. With pre-dilution, progressive decreases in clearances delivered to patients were observed reaching 40% at a Quf rate of 4.5 l/h. There was no clinically significant adsorption of beta(2)-M. For the M-100, at similar total effluent flow rates, clearances delivered to patients using haemodiafiltration were significantly higher for small solutes but lower for beta(2)-M in comparison to haemofiltration only. CONCLUSIONS Filter clearance for small solutes equalled Quf at evaluated rates. At high ultrafiltration rates there was significant loss of clearances with pre-dilution. At similar total effluent rates with the use of pre-dilution, haemodiafiltration is superior to haemofiltration for small solute clearance but inferior for beta(2)-M.