Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How can architecture help to reduce energy consumption in data center networking?

Reducing the power consumption of data centers has recently been received much attention from the research community and the industry alike. It is because the benefits are manifold: for the data centers themselves and towards the environment. A number of issues concerning with the consumption of the servers or the switches have been investigated. However, the energy requirement of the data center architecture has not yet been sufficiently addressed. In this paper, we address this issue and make two key contributions. Before delving into the details of possible solutions for reducing power of existing data center architectures, we first characterize the impact of architectural parameters on the power consumption of data centers by presenting preliminary results on the power consumption of state-of-the-art data center structures, namely BCube [8], DCell [9], and Fat-tree [1, 11, 7]. Secondly, based on the insights and lessons learnt from the analysis, we present our vision on possible practical solutions to reduce the energy usage of data center networking.
Aripiprazole in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Introduction: Psychosis is a common and difficult to treat symptom in Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is a cause of diminished quality of life and caregiver distress. Atypical antipsychotics are frequently used for the treatment of dementia-related psychosis, despite FDA warnings because of increased mortality associated with the use of these medications in dementia patients. Aripiprazole is a newer atypical antipsychotic drug with partial agonist activity at dopamine receptors and antagonist activity at 5-HT2A receptors, with a low side-effect profile. Areas covered: This descriptive review gives a short overview of the pathology and epidemiology of AD, including psychotic symptoms, and describes the mode of action of aripiprazole and results of preclinical studies. Finally, randomized controlled trials evaluating the use of aripiprazole in AD-related psychosis and agitation are discussed. Whenever relevant, meta-analytical data from literature are referred to. Expert opinion: In randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials, aripiprazole shows modest efficacy in the treatment of AD-related psychosis. Neuropsychiatric symptoms alleviated were predominantly psychotic features and agitation. In individual trials, aripiprazole was generally well tolerated, serious side effects were seldom reported and included accidental injury and somnolence. Meta-analyses however demonstrated increased mortality as a class effect for atypical, but also for typical antipsychotics. No increased cardiovascular outcomes, cerebrovascular accidents, increased appetite or weight gain were demonstrated in meta-analyses for aripiprazole-treated patients with psychosis of dementia. Aripiprazole was found to induce sedation. Aripiprazole should only be used in selected patient populations resistant to non-pharmacological treatment with persisting or severe psychotic symptoms and/or agitation, and in which symptoms lead to significant morbidity, patient suffering and potential self-harm. The indication for continuing treatment should be revised regularly.
Biology and Ecology of Alchisme grossa in a Cloud Forest of the Bolivian Yungas

ABSTRACT. Treehoppers (Membracidae) exhibit different levels of sociality, from solitary to presocial. Although they are one of the best biological systems to study the evolution of maternal care in insects, information on the biology of species in this group is scarce. This work describes the biology and ecology of Alchisme grossa (Fairmaire) (Hemiptera: Membracidae) in a rain cloud forest of Bolivia. This subsocial membracid utilizes two host-plant species, Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Wild) Bercht. & J.Presl and Solanum ursinum (Rusby) (both Solanaceae), the first one being used during the whole year and the second one almost exclusively during the wet season. The development of A. grossa from egg to adult occurred on the plant where eggs were laid. Maternal care was observed during the complete nymphal development, and involved behavioral traits such as food facilitation and antidepredatory defense. Life cycle was longer on B. suaveolens during the dry season and shorter on S. ursinum during the wet season. Mortality was similar on both host plants during the wet season but was lower on B. suaveolens during the dry season. The presence of a secondary female companion to the egg-guarding female individual and occasional iteropary is also reported.
Challenges in Information Extraction from Text for Knowledge Management

Nowadays large part of knowledge is stored in an unstructured textual format. Texts cannot be queried in simple ways and therefore the contained knowledge can neither be used by automatic systems, nor be easily managed by humans. The traditional process of manual knowledge identification and extraction by knowledge engineers used in KM is a complex time consuming process, as it requires a great deal of manual input. An example of such process is the collection of interviews to experts (‘protocols’) and their analysis by knowledge engineers in order to codify, model and extract the knowledge of an expert in a particular domain. In this context, Information Extraction from texts (IE) is one of the most promising areas of HLT for Knowledge Management (KM) applications. IE is an automatic method for locating important facts in electronic documents, e.g. information highlighting for document enrichment or for information storing for further use (such as populating an ontology with instances). IE as defined above is the perfect support for Knowledge Identification and Extraction as it can – for example provide support in protocol analysis either in an automatic way (unsupervised extraction of information) or semi-automatic way (e.g. helping knowledge engineers locating the important facts in protocols, via information highlighting). It is widely agreed that the main barrier to the use of IE is the difficulty in adapting IE systems to new scenarios and tasks, as most of the current technology still requires the intervention of IE experts. This makes IE a technology difficult to apply, because personnel skilled in IE are difficult to find in industry, especially in small medium enterprises [Ciravegna 2000]. A main challenge for IE for the next years is to enable people with knowledge of Artificial Intelligence (e.g. knowledge engineers) but no or scarce preparation on IE and Computational Linguistics to build new applications/cover new domains. This is particularly important for KM: IE is just one of the many technologies to be used in building complex applications: wider acceptance of IE will come only when IE tools will not require any specific skill apart from notions of KM. A number of Machine Learning based tools and methodologies are emerging [Freitag 1999, Ciravegna 2001], but the road to fully adaptable and effective IE systems is still long. In this paper, I will focus on two main challenges for adaptivity in IE for KM that in my opinion are paramount in the current scenario: 1. Automatic adaptation to different text types 2. Human-centred issues in copying with real users.
Impaired Sympathoadrenal Axis Function Contributes to Enhanced Insulin Secretion in Prediabetic Obese Rats

The involvement of sympathoadrenal axis activity in obesity onset was investigated using the experimental model of treating neonatal rats with monosodium L-glutamate. To access general sympathetic nervous system activity, we recorded the firing rates of sympathetic superior cervical ganglion nerves in animals. Catecholamine content and secretion from isolated adrenal medulla were measured. Intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed, and isolated pancreatic islets were stimulated with glucose and adrenergic agonists. The nerve firing rate of obese rats was decreased compared to the rate for lean rats. Basal catecholamine secretion decreased whereas catecholamine secretion induced by carbachol, elevated extracellular potassium, and caffeine in the isolated adrenal medulla were all increased in obese rats compared to control. Both glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinaemia were observed in obese rats. Adrenaline strongly inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion in obese animals. These findings suggest that low sympathoadrenal activity contributes to impaired glycaemic control in prediabetic obese rats.
Consistent multi-level trophic effects of marine reserve protection across northern New Zealand

Through systematic Reef Life Survey censuses of rocky reef fishes, invertebrates and macroalgae at eight marine reserves across northern New Zealand and the Kermadec Islands, we investigated whether a system of no-take marine reserves generates consistent biodiversity outcomes. Ecological responses of reef assemblages to protection from fishing, including potential trophic cascades, were assessed using a control-impact design for the six marine reserves studied with associated reference sites, and also by comparing observations at reserve sites with predictions from random forest models that assume reserve locations are fished. Reserve sites were characterised by higher abundance and biomass of large fishes than fished sites, most notably for snapper Chrysophrys auratus, with forty-fold higher observed biomass inside relative to out. In agreement with conceptual models, significant reserve effects not only reflected direct interactions between fishing and targeted species (higher large fish biomass; higher snapper and lobster abundance), but also second order interactions (lower urchin abundance), third order interactions (higher kelp cover), and fourth order interactions (lower understory algal cover). Unexpectedly, we also found: (i) a consistent trend for higher (~20%) Ecklonia cover across reserves relative to nearby fished sites regardless of lobster and urchin density, (ii) an inconsistent response of crustose coralline algae to urchin density, (iii) low cover of other understory algae in marine reserves with few urchins, and (iv) more variable fish and benthic invertebrate communities at reserve relative to fished locations. Overall, reef food webs showed complex but consistent responses to protection from fishing in well-enforced temperate New Zealand marine reserves. The small proportion of the northeastern New Zealand coastal zone located within marine reserves (~0.2%) encompassed a disproportionately large representation of the full range of fish and benthic invertebrate biodiversity within this region.
A Fragile Watermarking with Authentication and Post-Compression for Digital Camera

In this paper we propose a novel fragile watermarking for digital camera named compression-watermarking algorithm (CWA). It bases on modifying the last non-zero coefficient of DCT quantized-block in JPEG image. The proposed algorithm not only can provide the authentication ability but also can increase the compression ratio of the JPEG compressed domain image. Therefore, the CWA can be applied in the DCT-based domain application to provide authentication and bit rate reduction.
Spontaneous spatiotemporal waves of gene expression from biological clocks in the leaf

The circadian clocks that drive daily rhythms in animals are tightly coupled among the cells of some tissues. The coupling profoundly affects cellular rhythmicity and is central to contemporary understanding of circadian physiology and behavior. In contrast, studies of the clock in plant cells have largely ignored intercellular coupling, which is reported to be very weak or absent. We used luciferase reporter gene imaging to monitor circadian rhythms in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana plants, achieving resolution close to the cellular level. Leaves grown without environmental cycles for up to 3 wk reproducibly showed spatiotemporal waves of gene expression consistent with intercellular coupling, using several reporter genes. Within individual leaves, different regions differed in phase by up to 17 h. A broad range of patterns was observed among leaves, rather than a common spatial distribution of circadian properties. Leaves exposed to light–dark cycles always had fully synchronized rhythms, which could desynchronize rapidly. After 4 d in constant light, some leaves were as desynchronized as leaves grown without any rhythmic input. Applying light–dark cycles to such a leaf resulted in full synchronization within 2–4 d. Thus, the rhythms of all cells were coupled to external light–dark cycles far more strongly than the cellular clocks were coupled to each other. Spontaneous desynchronization under constant conditions was limited, consistent with weak intercellular coupling among heterogeneous clocks. Both the weakness of coupling and the heterogeneity among cells are relevant to interpret molecular studies and to understand the physiological functions of the plant circadian clock.
T cell receptor signalling.

Upon engagement of the TCR by antigen presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, the Src family kinase Lck is activated and proceeds to phosphorylate immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) on the e, δ, γ and ζ subunits of the TCR. Phosphorylated ITAMs promote the recruitment and subsequent activation of another tyrosine kinase ZAP-70. Two known substrates of ZAP70 are the adapter molecules LAT and SLP-76. Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on LAT and SLP-76 results in recruitment of a number of other proteins involved in activation of the Ras pathway, calcium mobilization and cytoskeletal reorganization.
Practical backward unlinkable revocation in FIDO, German e-ID, Idemix and U-Prove

FIDO, German e-ID, Idemix and U-Prove constitute privacyenhanced public-key infrastructures allowing users to authenticate in an anonymous way. This however hampers timely revocation in a privacy friendly way. From a legal perspective, revocation typically should be effective within 24 hours after user reporting. It should also be backward unlinkable, i.e. user anonymity cannot be removed after revocation. We describe a new, generic revocation mechanism based on pairing based encryption and apply it to supplement the systems mentioned. This allows for both flexible and privacy friendly revocation. Protocol execution takes less than a quarter of a second on modern smartcards. An additional property is that usage after revocation is linkable, allowing users to identify fraudulent usage after revocation. Our technique is the first Verifier Local Revocation scheme with backwards unlinkable revocation for the systems mentioned. This also allows for a setup resembling the well-known Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP). Here the service provider sends a pseudonym to a revocation provider that returns its status. As the information required for this is not secret the status service can be distributed over many cloud services. In addition to the status service our technique also supports the publication of a central revocation list.
ARTICLE WITH PEER COMMENTARIES AND RESPONSE Helping children apply their knowledge to their behavior on a dimension-switching task

To investigate why 3-year-olds have difficulty in switching sorting dimensions, children of 3 and 4 years were tested in one of four conditions on Zelazo’s card sort task: standard, sleeve, label and face-up. In the standard condition, children were required to sort blue-truck and red-star cards under either a blue-star or red-truck model card, first by color or shape, and then by the other dimension. Here 3-year-olds sorted correctly until the dimension changed; they continue to sort by the initial dimension. The sleeve condition (placing the sorting cards in an envelope prior to sorting) had little effect. In the label condition, the child labeled the relevant sorting dimension on each trial. Most 3-year-olds succeeded; evidently their labeling helped them refocus their attention, overcoming ‘attentional inertia’ (the pull to continue attending to the previously relevant dimension). In the face-up condition, attentional inertia was strengthened because sorted cards were left face-up; 4-year-olds performed worse than in the standard condition. We posit that attentional inertia is the core problem for preschoolers on the card sort task.
Design and control of agile automated CONWIP production lines

In this article, we study the design and control of manufacturing cells with a mix of manual and automated equipment, operating under a CONWIP pull protocol, and staffed by a single agile (cross‐trained) worker. For a three‐station line with one automated station, we fully characterize the structure of the optimal control policy for the worker and show that it is a static priority policy. Using analytical models and extensive simulation experiments, we also evaluate the effectiveness of practical heuristic control policies and provide managerial insights on automation configuration design of the line. This characterization of the worker control policy enables us to develop managerial insights into the design issues of how best to locate and concentrate automation in the line. Finally, we show that, in addition to ease of control and greater design flexibility, the CONWIP protocol also offers higher efficiency and robustness than does the push protocol. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009
Coronary artery calcification score is an independent predictor of the no-reflow phenomenon after reperfusion therapy in acute myocardial infarction

Aim/BackgroundAbundant evidence shows that coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a strong marker of structural and functional changes within the artery wall. Thus far, the implications of CAC in patients with acute coronary syndromes remain unclear. We aimed to investigate whether the CAC score is associated with impaired reperfusion during the acute phase of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). MethodsWe enrolled 60 consecutive STEMI patients to undergo cardiac computed tomography for assessment of the CAC score within 1 week after STEMI. Coronary thrombus burden, coronary blood flow (TIMI flow), and myocardial blush grade (MBG) were evaluated systematically. Patients with maximal TIMI flow and MBG were grouped as optimal reperfusion (n=27) and their counterparts as no-reflow (NR, n=33). ResultsThere were no differences in the clinical characteristics between groups. Patients in the NR group had higher heart rate, coronary angiographic severity, and CAC score. CAC score greater than 100 was associated independently with the presence of NR (odds ratio 4.4, 95% confidence interval 1.17–16.3). The CAC score of nonculprit coronary arteries was higher in NR individuals than in their counterparts (P=0.04). In addition, the CAC score of the isnfarct-related artery correlated negatively with the TIMI-flow rate (r=−0.54, P<0.001) and with the MBG (r=−0.32, P=0.04). ConclusionThe CAC score is associated with the presence of the NR phenomenon in STEMI patients.
Considerable methane uptake by alpine grasslands despite the cold climate: in situ measurements on the central Tibetan Plateau, 2008–2013

The uptake of CH4 by aerate soil plays a secondary role in the removal of tropospheric CH4, but it is still highly uncertain in terms of its magnitude, spatial, and temporal variation. In an attempt to quantify the sink of the vast alpine grasslands (1 400 000 km2) of the Tibetan Plateau, we conducted in situ measurements in an alpine steppe (4730 m) and alpine meadow (4900 m) using the static chamber and gas chromatograph method. For the alpine steppe, measurements (2008–2013) suggested that there is large interannual variability in CH4 uptake, ranging from −48.8 to −95.8 μg CH4 m−2 h−1 (averaged of −71.5 ± 2.5 μg CH4 m−2 h−1), due to the variability in precipitation seasonality. The seasonal pattern of CH4 uptakes in the form of stronger uptake in the early growing season and weaker uptake in the rainy season closely matched the precipitation seasonality and subsequent soil moisture variation. The relationships between alpine steppe CH4 uptake and soil moisture/temperature are best depicted by a quadratic function and an exponential function (Q10 = 1.67) respectively. Our measurements also showed that the alpine meadow soil (average of −59.2 ± 3.7 μg CH4 m−2 h−1) uptake less CH4 than the alpine steppe and produces a similar seasonal pattern, which is negatively regulated by soil moisture. Our measurements quantified – at values far higher than those estimated by process‐based models – that both the alpine steppe and alpine meadow are considerable CH4 sinks, despite the cold weather of this high‐altitude area. The consecutive measurements gathered in this study also highlight that precipitation seasonality tends to drive the interannual variation in CH4 uptake, indicating that future study should be done to better characterize how CH4 cycling might feedback to the more extreme climate.
Enhanced Spatial Pyramid Matching Using Log-Polar-Based Image Subdivision and Representation

This paper presents a new model for capturing spatial information for object categorization with bag-of-words (BOW). BOW models have recently become popular for the task of object recognition, owing to their good performance and simplicity. Much work has been proposed over the years to improve the BOW model, where the Spatial Pyramid Matching (SPM) technique is the most notable. We propose a new method to exploit spatial relationships between image features, based on binned log-polar grids. Our model works by partitioning the image into grids of different scales and orientations and computing histogram of local features within each grid. Experimental results show that our approach improves the results on three diverse datasets over the SPM technique.
The Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT) in Patients Affected by Multiple Myeloma (MM): Experience With 77 Patients

Aim The objective of this study was to analyze the prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT after therapy in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Patients and Methods One hundred seven patients prospectively recruited with MM had FDG PET/CT at staging 3 months after therapy (autologous stem cell transplantation) and every 6 to 12 months during the follow-up (mean 41 months). Patients were divided into group 1 (relapsed) and group 2 (nonrelapsed). In group 1, PET results and SUVmax were compared to the time to relapse (TTR). In group 2, the presence of PET finding changes during follow-up was analyzed to identify typical patterns of disease behavior (ie, late responders or stabilized disease). Patients with a negative PET at staging were excluded from further evaluation. Results Forty-seven out of 107 (44%) patients relapsed: 10 were excluded because of a negative PET at staging. In group 1, 22 patients had a negative posttherapy PET (59%, mean TTR = 27.6 months) and 15 had a positive posttherapy PET (41%, mean TTR = 18 months). There was a significant difference between the TTR of the two subgroups (t test P = 0.05). In patients with a positive posttherapy PET, the SUVmax was inversely correlated to the TTR (correlation coefficient = −0.7; P < 0.01). Sixty out of 107 (56%) patients did not relapse. Twenty patients were excluded because of a negative PET at staging. In group 2, 27 patients had a negative posttherapy PET (68%) and 13 had a positive posttherapy PET (32%). None of nonrelapsed patients showed a progressive increase in SUVmax during the follow-up. There was no significant difference between relapsed and nonrelapsed patients in terms of SUVmax at posttherapy PET/CT (t test P = 0.7). Conclusion In our series of MM patients, a negative posttherapy PET was predictive for nonrelapse or a long disease-free survival. In contrast, a persistent significantly increased SUVmax after therapy was correlated to a short TTR.