Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential effect of atropine and hyoscine on human learning capacity.

Differential effect of atropine and hyoscine on human learning capacity T. J. CRow* and I. G. GRovE-WHIm (introduced by G. R. KELMAN) Department ofMental Health, University ofAberdeen, and Department ofAnaesthetics, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary Agents used in anaesthetic premedication impair the subject's capacity for subsequent memory recall, and there is evidence to suggest that hyoscine may be one such agent (Gauss, 1906; Pandit & Dundee, 1970). We have applied simple tests of learning capacity and a vigilance task to twelve normal volunteers after administration of hyoscine (0 4 mg), atropine (0.6 mg), or saline (1 ml) by intravenous injection. Each subject received each treatment in a crossover design. Three tests of learning capacity were applied in order to assess recall after various intervals-a word list learning with immediate recall (3-30 s), a similar test with delayed recall (60-90 s) and a number-colour association test (20 minutes). The results obtained with these learning tests and the vigilance task are shown in Table 1.
What predicts the mobility of elementary schoolleaders? An analysis of longitudinal data in Colorado

While many studies have reported the predictors of teacher attrition, we know little about what predicts the attrition of school leaders. Using the Colorado state data on elementary school principals’ and assistant principals’ career paths from 1999 to 2001 and school achievement-level data, we addressed two research questions: 1) How do the age-specific attrition rates differ by gender and race? and 2) What other conditional factors are associated with the attrition of school leaders? We found that female and minority groups generally had higher attrition rates at age 40 or younger and at age 56 or older than male and non-minority groups. Our data also indicated that school size and salary increase were associated with the attrition of both male and female leaders. Large schools were more likely to have higher rates of school leader attrition, and the leaders who expected relatively higher salary increases by transferring were more likely to leave their schools. Lower school achievement predicted higher attrition of female leaders only. These findings have important implications for policy-makers when they plan and implement strategies for preventing high attrition rates of school leaders.
esearch and Professional Briefs ocial Modeling Effects on Young Women ’ s reakfast Intake

w i o BSTRACT umerous studies have shown that the presence of thers influences young women’s food intake. They eat ore when the other eats more, and eat less when the ther eats less. However, most of these studies have ocused on snack situations. The present study asesses the degree to which young women model the reakfast intake of a same-sex peer in a semi-naturalstic setting. The study took place in a laboratory seting at the Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherands, during the period January to April 2009. After ompleting three cover tasks, normal-weight particiants (n 57) spent a 20-minute break with a peer who te a large amount or a small amount of breakfast or no reakfast at all. The participants’ total amount of enrgy consumed (in kilocalories) during the break was easured. An analysis of variance was used to examine hether young women modeled the breakfast intake of ame-sex peers. Results indicate a main effect of breakast condition, F(2,54) 8.44; P 0.01. Participants exosed to a peer eating nothing ate less than did particpants exposed to a peer eating a small amount d 0.85) or large amount of breakfast (d 1.23). Intake n the Small-Breakfast condition did not differ substanially from intake in the Large-Breakfast condition. he findings from the present study provide evidence hat modeling effects of food intake are weaker in eatng contexts in which scripts or routines guide an inividual’s eating behavior. Am Diet Assoc. 2010;110:1901-1905.
Improved model of metalized film capacitors

Metalized film capacitors are commonly used components in power electronics applications and their characteristics are drastically dependent on their operating frequency. Parasitic parameters could appear at low and high frequencies and disturb substantially the behavior of the component. Proper design of metalized film capacitors requires an understanding of all parasitic parameters' sources and their impacts on the circuit operation. This paper presents a modeling approach based on the complex form of the capacitor impedance to build its equivalent electrical circuit. This approach proved to be more accurate than the traditional modeling technique of identifying the electrical parameters using the modulus of the component impedance. Two different types of capacitors were tested; experimental results allowed to validate our model from 10 kHz to 35 MHz.
Information activities as serious leisure within the fanfiction community

Fanfiction communities are actively engaged in creating cultural products. These large online communities have created and developed conventions that guide their solutions to gathering and presenting their work. The purpose of this paper is to investigate those conventions looking for evidence of information-related pursuits as serious leisure (SL) (Stebbins, 2007). ,A diverse collection of fanfiction publishing platforms, blogs, and associated websites were subject to a qualitative inductive analysis (Lincoln and Guba, 1985). Platforms included both generalist sites like Archive of Our Own and more focused sites such as Teen Wolf Fic Finder. ,Findings show significant information-related activities around collecting, wayfinding, and organizing. Collecting centers on platform policies focused on scope. Wayfinding relates to peer review as well as various reference-like work including reader’s advisory, reference questioning, and the creation of pathfinders. Organizing looks to the unique organizational schema created and used by the fanfiction communities. ,The authors explore implications of these activities in reference to the fanfiction community and the library and information science (LIS) discipline. The fanfiction community is shifting out of an ephemeral existence and into one of a more permanent digital heritage. Fanfiction is an SL pursuit that also has much to offer for consideration to the LIS discipline. ,With respect to the wayfinding and organizing conventions of fanfiction communities, these activities provide librarianship with the opportunity to consider traditional activities in new ways. ,Fanfiction is a little studied phenomenon in SL and in LIS. This research provides connections to both areas.
Research on Laser-Induced Damage of Optical Glass by Metal Ion

The laser-induced damage experiments are finished under the conditions that Q-switched Nd glass laser (the output pulse amplitude is 8.7ns, wavelength are times of 1053nm, 527nm, 351nm) effects on the undoped glass-metal ions M0 and the incorporation of metal ions glass M1, M2. The test results show that: with the irradiation of the fundamental laser, the laser-induced damage threshold of M1 is reduced by 23% than M0; with the irradiation of second harmonic light, the laser-induced damage threshold of M2 is reduced by 23% than M0; with the irradiation F third harmonic radiation, the damage threshold of all glass is basically the same. Observed laser-induced damage of glass under optical microscope with fluorescence, we find that only M1 at the fundamental frequency of the laser light irradiation and M2 in the second harmonic of the laser light irradiation have visible damage central damage and crack. Through the analysis we know that the metal ion absorb laser radiation is the direct reason of surface damage reduce of laser damage threshold of glass.
Skinning During Desorption of Polymers: An Asymptotic Analysis

Desorption of saturated polymers can be inhibited if a nearly dry (glassy) skin with a low diffusion coefficient forms at the exposed surface. In addition, trapping skinning can occur, where an increase in the force driving the desorption decreases the accumulated flux desorbed. The dynamics of such systems cannot be described by the simple Fickian diffusion equation. The mathematical model presented is a moving boundary-value problem with a set of two coupled partial differential equations. Most previous studies of this model focused on sorption studies; this is the first that considers desorption into an environment of arbitrary concentration. Since the derived equations cannot be solved by similarity variables, integral equation techniques are used to obtain asymptotic estimates for the solution. The skinning solution obtained also exhibits fronts moving with constant speed, another distinctive feature of non-Fickian polymer-penetrant systems.
Hard and soft news: A review of concepts, operationalizations and key findings

Over 30 years, a large body of research on what is often called ‘hard’ and ‘soft news’ has accumulated in communication studies. However, there is no consensus about what hard and soft news exactly is, or how it should be defined or measured. Moreover, the concept has not been clearly differentiated from or systematically related to concepts addressing very similar phenomena – tabloidization and ‘infotainment’. Consequently, the results of various studies are hard to compare and different scientific discourses on related issues remain unconnected. Against this backdrop, this article offers a conceptual analysis of the concept based on studies in English and other languages. We identify key dimensions of the concept and make suggestions for a standardized definition and multi-dimensional measurement of harder and softer news. In doing so, we propose to distinguish thematic, focus and style features as basic dimensions that – in their combination – make up harder and softer types of news.
A Process Traceability Methodology to Support Conflict Management

The process of collaborative engineering design is relatively complex, and often results in various conflicts due to multi-actors interactions. Therefore, a critical element of collaborative design would be conflict situations resolution. In this paper, a process traceability based methodology is proposed to support conflict management. This methodology deals mainly with the conflict resolution team identification and the solution impact evaluation issues. A process metamodel is proposed in order to allow the design process traceability and the data dependencies network identification; which makes it possible to identify the conflict resolution actors as well as to evaluate the selected solution impact
Direct mining of discriminative patterns for classifying uncertain data

Classification is one of the most essential tasks in data mining. Unlike other methods, associative classification tries to find all the frequent patterns existing in the input categorical data satisfying a user-specified minimum support and/or other discrimination measures like minimum confidence or information-gain. Those patterns are used later either as rules for rule-based classifier or training features for support vector machine (SVM) classifier, after a feature selection procedure which usually tries to cover as many as the input instances with the most discriminative patterns in various manners. Several algorithms have also been proposed to mine the most discriminative patterns directly without costly feature selection. Previous empirical results show that associative classification could provide better classification accuracy over many datasets. Recently, many studies have been conducted on uncertain data, where fields of uncertain attributes no longer have certain values. Instead probability distribution functions are adopted to represent the possible values and their corresponding probabilities. The uncertainty is usually caused by noise, measurement limits, or other possible factors. Several algorithms have been proposed to solve the classification problem on uncertain data recently, for example by extending traditional rule-based classifier and decision tree to work on uncertain data. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm uHARMONY which mines discriminative patterns directly and effectively from uncertain data as classification features/rules, to help train either SVM or rule-based classifier. Since patterns are discovered directly from the input database, feature selection usually taking a great amount of time could be avoided completely. Effective method for computation of expected confidence of the mined patterns used as the measurement of discrimination is also proposed. Empirical results show that using SVM classifier our algorithm uHARMONY outperforms the state-of-the-art uncertain data classification algorithms significantly with 4% to 10% improvements on average in accuracy on 30 categorical datasets under varying uncertain degree and uncertain attribute number.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Becoming Musically Enculturated: Effects of Music Classes for Infants on Brain and Behavior

Musical enculturation is a complex, multifaceted process that includes the development of perceptual processing specialized for the pitch and rhythmic structures of the musical system in the culture, understanding of esthetic and expressive norms, and learning the pragmatic uses of music in different social situations. Here, we summarize the results of a study in which 6-month-old Western infants were randomly assigned to 6 months of either an active participatory music class or a class in which they experienced music passively while playing. Active music participation resulted in earlier enculturation to Western tonal pitch structure, larger and/or earlier brain responses to musical tones, and a more positive social trajectory. Furthermore, the data suggest that early exposure to cultural norms of musical expression leads to early preferences for those norms. We conclude that musical enculturation begins in infancy and that active participatory music making in a positive social setting accelerates enculturation.
Dual Localized AtHscB Involved in Iron Sulfur Protein Biogenesis in Arabidopsis

Background Iron-sulfur clusters are ubiquitous structures which act as prosthetic groups for numerous proteins involved in several fundamental biological processes including respiration and photosynthesis. Although simple in structure both the assembly and insertion of clusters into apoproteins requires complex biochemical pathways involving a diverse set of proteins. In yeast, the J-type chaperone Jac1 plays a key role in the biogenesis of iron sulfur clusters in mitochondria. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study we demonstrate that AtHscB from Arabidopsis can rescue the Jac1 yeast knockout mutant suggesting a role for AtHscB in iron sulfur protein biogenesis in plants. In contrast to mitochondrial Jac1, AtHscB localizes to both mitochondria and the cytosol. AtHscB interacts with AtIscU1, an Isu-like scaffold protein involved in iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, and through this interaction AtIscU1 is most probably retained in the cytosol. The chaperone AtHscA can functionally complement the yeast Ssq1knockout mutant and its ATPase activity is enhanced by AtHscB and AtIscU1. Interestingly, AtHscA is also localized in both mitochondria and the cytosol. Furthermore, AtHscB is highly expressed in anthers and trichomes and an AtHscB T-DNA insertion mutant shows reduced seed set, a waxless phenotype and inappropriate trichome development as well as dramatically reduced activities of the iron-sulfur enzymes aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase. Conclusions Our data suggest that AtHscB together with AtHscA and AtIscU1 plays an important role in the biogenesis of iron-sulfur proteins in both mitochondria and the cytosol.
Used by device administration to set the maximum screen off timeout . *

The Android framework utilizes a permission-based security model, which is essentially a variation of the ACL-based access control mechanism. This security model provides controlled access to various system resources. Access control systems are known to be vulnerable to anomalies in security policies, such as inconsistency. In this work, we focus on inconsistent security enforcement within the Android framework, motivated by the recent work which discovered such vulnerabilities. They include stealthily taking pictures in the background and recording keystrokes without any permissions, posing security and privacy risks to Android users. Identifying such inconsistencies is generally difficult, especially in complicated and large codebases such as the Android framework. Our work is the first to propose a methodology to systematically uncover the inconsistency in security policy enforcement in Android. We do not assume Android’s security policies are known and focus only on inconsistent enforcement. We propose Kratos, a tool that leverages static analysis to build a precise call graph for identifying paths that allow third-party applications with insufficient privilege to access sensitive resources, violating security policies. Kratos is designed to analyze any Android system, including vendor-customized versions. Using Kratos, we have conservatively discovered at least fourteen inconsistent security enforcement cases that can lead to security check circumvention vulnerabilities across important and popular services such as the SMS service and the Wi-Fi service, incurring impact such as privilege escalation, denial of service, and soft reboot. Our findings also provide useful insights on how to proactively prevent such security enforcement inconsistency within Android.
A Polynomial Placement Algorithm for Data Driven Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Architectures

Coarse-grained reconfigurable computing architectures vary widely in the number and characteristics of the processing elements (cells) and routing topologies used. In order to exploit several different topologies, a place and route framework, able to deal with such vast design exploration space, is of paramount importance. Bearing this in mind, this paper proposes a placement scheme able to target different topologies when considering data-driven reconfigurable architectures. Our approach uses graph models for the target architecture and for the dataflow representation of the application being mapped. Our placement algorithm is guided by a depth-first traversal in both the architecture and the application graphs. Two versions of the placement algorithm with respectively O(e) and O(e + n3) computational complexities are presented, where e is the number of edges in the dataflow representation of the application and n is the number of cells in the graph model of the architecture. The achieved experimental results show that our approach can be useful to exploit different interconnect topologies as far as coarse-grained reconfigurable computing architectures are concerned
Dietary fat intake and ovarian cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies

Observational studies assessing the association of dietary fat and risk of ovarian cancer yield discrepant results. Pertinent prospective cohort studies were identified by a PubMed search from inception to December 2015. Sixteen independent case-control and nine cohort studies on dietary fat intake were included, with approximately 900,000 subjects in total. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals were pooled using a random effects model. Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis and publication bias were assessed; subgroup analysis and analysis stratified by EOC histology were conducted. The reported studies showed a significant increase of ovarian cancer risk with high consumption of total-, saturated-, and trans-fats, while serous ovarian cancer was more susceptible to dietary fat consumption than other pathological subtypes. No evidence of positive association between dietary fat intake and ovarian cancer risk was provided by cohort studies. Menopausal status, hormone replacement therapy, body mass index (BMI), and pregnancy times, modified the objective associations. In conclusion, the meta-analysis findings indicate that high consumption of total, saturated and trans-fats increase ovarian cancer risk, and different histological subtypes have different susceptibility to dietary fat.
Mobile and Portable Dental Services Catering to the Basic Oral Health Needs of the Underserved Population in Developing Countries: A Proposed Model

India is the second most populous country in the world with an extensive rural population (68.8%). Children less than 18 years constitute about 40% of the population. Approximately, 23.5% of the urban population resides in urban slums. The extensive rural population, school children and the urban slum dwellers are denied of even the basic dental services though there is continuous advancement in the field of dentistry. The dentist to population ratio has dramatically improved in the last one to two decades with no significant improvement in the oral health status of the general population. The various studies have revealed an increasing trend in oral diseases in the recent times especially among this underserved population. Alternate strategies have to be thought about rather than the traditional oral health-care delivery through private dentists on fee for service basis. Mobile and portable dental services are a viable option to take the sophisticated oral health services to the doorsteps of the underserved population. The databases were searched for publications from 1900 to the present (2013) using terms such as Mobile dental services, Portable dental services and Mobile and portable dental services with key articles obtained primarily from MEDLINE. This paper reviews the published and unpublished literature from different sources on the various mobile dental service programs successfully implemented in some developed and developing countries. Though the mobile and portable systems have some practical difficulties like financial considerations, they still seem to be the only way to reach every section of the community in the absence of national oral health policy and organized school dental health programs in India. The material for the present review was obtained mainly by searching the biomedical databases for primary research material using the search engine with key words such as mobile and/or portable dental services in developed and developing countries (adding each of these terms in a sequential order). Based on the review of the programs successfully implemented in developed countries, we propose a model to cater to the basic oral health needs of an extensive underserved population in India that may be pilot tested. The increasing dental manpower can best be utilized for the promotion of oral health through mobile and portable dental services. The professional dental organizations should have a strong motive to translate this into reality.
Analysis of the stability of the linear boundary condition for the Black–Scholes equation

The linear asymptotic boundary condition, i.e. assuming that the second derivative of the value of the derivative security vanishes as the asset price becomes large, is commonly used in practice. To our knowledge, there have been no rigorous studies of the stability of these methods, despite the fact that the discrete matrix equations obtained using this boundary condition loses diagonal dominance for large timesteps. In this paper, we demonstrate that the discrete equations obtained using this boundary condition satisfy necessary conditions for stability for a finite difference discretization. Computational experiments also show that this boundary condition satisfies sufficient conditions for stability as well.