Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motion perception during selfmotion: The direct versus inferential controversy revisited

Abstract According to the traditional inferential theory of perception, percepts of object motion or stationarity stem from an evaluation of afferent retinal signals (which encode image motion) with the help of extraretinal signals (which encode eye movements). According to direct perception theory, on the other hand, the percepts derive from retinally conveyed information only. Neither view is compatible with a perceptual phenomenon that occurs during visually induced sensations of ego motion (vection). A modified version of inferential theory yields a model in which the concept of extraretinal signals is replaced by that of reference signals, which do not encode how the eyes move in their orbits but how they move in space. Hence reference signals are produced not only during eye movements but also during ego motion (i.e., in response to vestibular stimulation and to retinal image flow, which may induce vection). The present theory describes the interface between self-motion and object-motion percepts. An experimental paradigm that allows quantitative measurement of the magnitude and gain of reference signals and the size of the just noticeable difference (JND) between retinal and reference signals reveals that the distinction between direct and inferential theories largely depends on: (1) a mistaken belief that perceptual veridicality is evidence that extraretinal information is not involved, and (2) a failure to distinguish between (the perception of) absolute object motion in space and relative motion of objects with respect to each other. The model corrects these errors, and provides a new, unified framework for interpreting many phenomena in the field of motion perception.
Asthma phenotypes: Consistency of classification using induced sputum

Background and objective: Asthma can be classified as eosinophilic or non‐eosinophilic based on the cell profile of induced sputum. This classification can help determine whether corticosteroid treatment is indicated. We assessed the stability of these phenotypes over time and with different treatment regimens.
General Relayless Networks: Representation of the Capacity Region

Using an information-spectrum approach, a limiting expression for the capacity region of a general network without relays combined of M transmitters observing K input messages, and L receivers, is found. This general setup accounts for the broadcast channel with common messages, the general interference channel, and the multiple access channel as special cases. It is demonstrated how the limiting expression can be used to yield a single-letter tight outer bound for the case of a two-user stationary memoryless degraded broadcast channel
The world ginseng market and the ginseng (Korea)

Ginseng is being distributed in 35 countries around the world and there are differences by each country in the distribution volume and amount. However, since there is no accurate statistics on production and distribution amount by each country, it is very difficult to predict the world ginseng market. Ginseng trading companies and governments are in desperate need of comprehensive data that shows the world ginseng market status for sales and marketing. For that reason, this study will look into the approximate size of the world ginseng market based on recent ginseng distribution amount by each country and production by major ginseng producing nations. In addition, the review sets an opportunity to check the status of ginseng (Korea) in the world and presents future direction by examining recent history of ginseng development in Korea, which is one of the world’s largest ginseng distributers. Since ginseng is cultivated in limited areas due to its growth characteristics, ginseng distributing countries can be divided based on whether they grow it domestically or not. In general, four countries including South Korea, China, Canada, and the US are the biggest producers and their total production of fresh ginseng is approximately 79,769 tons which is more than 99% of 80,080 tons, the total ginseng production around the world. Ginseng is distributed to different countries in various forms such as fresh ginseng, dried ginseng, boiled and dried ginseng (Taekuksam), red ginseng and the related products, etc. and is consumed as food, dietary supplements, functional food, medical supplies, etc. Also, the world ginseng market including ginseng root and the processed products, is estimated to be worth $2,084 million. In particular, the size of the Korean market is $1,140 million which makes Korea the largest distributer in the world. Since the interests in alternative medicine and healthy food is increasing globally, the consumer market of ginseng with many features and the processed products are expected to expand continuously.
THE ‘TTIME’ PACKAGE: PERFORMANCE EVALUATION IN A CLUSTER COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT

The objective of translating developmental event time across mammalian species is to gain an understanding of the timing of human developmental events based on known time of those events in animals. The potential benefits include improvements to diagnostic and intervention capabilities. The CRAN ‘ttime’ package provides the functionality to infer unknown event timings and investigate phylogenetic proximity utilizing hierarchical clustering of both known and predicted event timings. The original generic mammalian model included nine eutherian mammals: Felis domestica (cat), Mustela putorius furo (ferret), Mesocricetus auratus (hamster), Macaca mulatta (monkey), Homo sapiens (humans), Mus musculus (mouse), Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit), Rattus norvegicus (rat), and Acomys cahirinus (spiny mouse). However, the data for this model is expected to grow as more data about developmental events is identified and incorporated into the analysis. Performance evaluation of the ‘ttime’ package across a cluster computi.
TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING CAPABILITY ANALYSIS OF MARS EXPLORATION ROVER 2003 MISSION IMAGERY

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the topographic mapping capabilities of images from the Mars Exploration Rover 2003 (MER) mission. The 3D measurement accuracies of Pancam (panoramic camera) and Navcam (navigation camera) stereo pairs are estimated using basic photogrammetric principles. The mapping capabilities of single-site panoramas, multi-site panoramas, and wide-baseline stereo images are analyzed based on the bundle adjustment technology. This analysis provides an overview of understanding the attainable geometric accuracies from the images and for best usage of the resultant mapping products during and after the MER mission.
Ethnicity and Citizenship: a Tri‐national comparison

Abstract This paper looks at nationality and citizenship procedures as applied to ethnic or foreign minorities in Great Britain, Germany and France. It compares the concepts of ‘blood right’ and ‘territorial right’ in each of these countries. The definition of ethnicity used, deriving from Max Weber, has nothing to do with race or biology, and raises questions about the meaning of the majority's ethnicity, ie: national identity.
Water Ingestion as Prophylaxis Against Syncope

Background—Water ingestion raises blood pressure substantially in patients with perturbed autonomic control and more modestly in older subjects. It is unclear whether prophylactic water drinking improves orthostatic tolerance in normal healthy adults. Methods and Results—Twenty-two healthy subjects, 18 to 42 years of age, with no history of syncope underwent head-up tilt-table testing at 60° for 45 minutes or until presyncope or syncope occurred. In their initial test, participants were randomized to either 16 oz (473 mL) of water drinking 5 minutes before tilt-table testing or tilt-table testing alone, with the alternative in a second test on a different day. During the first 30 minutes of tilt, 8 of 22 subjects without water experienced presyncope but only 1 of 22 who had ingested water (P =0.016). Water drinking attenuated the heart rate increase associated with tilt (P <0.001) while accentuating the increase in total peripheral resistance (P =0.012). The average time study participants tolerated head-up tilt was 26% longer after water (41.1±8.1 versus 32.6±14.3 minutes, mean±SD), with a pairwise mean difference of 8.5±14.0 minutes (95% CI, 2.3 to 14.7 minutes; P =0.011). Conclusions—Water enhances tolerance of upright posture. The effect of water is mediated by increased peripheral vascular resistance. Water ingestion may constitute a simple and effective prophylaxis against vasovagal reactions in healthy subjects, such as those associated with blood donation.
Building Trust and Feeling Well: Examining Intraindividual and Interpersonal Outcomes and Underlying Mechanisms of Listening

We investigated perceived listening quality in relation to individual (self-clarity and emotional well-being) and dyadic variables (social attraction and trust). Specifically, we proposed that the link between perceived listening quality and emotional well-being is mediated by self-clarity, and that the link between perceived listening and trust is mediated by social attraction. We obtained data in a controlled setting from a sample of 50 unacquainted student dyads, in which the narrator told a personal story while the partner listened silently. The data showed a good fit to the model. Our work expands the understanding of listening by illuminating the role of mediating processes and by demonstrating correlates of perceived listening quality in the context of unacquainted dyads.
A Novel Fitness Function in Genetic Algorithms to Optimize Neural Networks for Imbalanced Data Sets

The imbalanced data sets are often encountered in business, industry and real life applications. In this paper, the novel fitness function in genetic algorithms to optimize neural networks is proposed for solving the classification problems in imbalanced data sets. Not only the parameters of neural networks but also the links-pruning between neurons are regarded as an optimization problem in this study. The fitness function consists of the mean square error, the classification error rate for each class, the distances between the examples and the boundary of classification. The artificial data set and the UCI data sets are used to verify the classifier we proposed. The experimental results showed that the classifier performs better than the conventional back-propagation neural network.
Multi-channel cross-correlation for increasing sensitivity in voltage noise measurements

In this paper we demonstrate that if N (N>;2) voltage amplifiers are connected to the device under test when performing voltage noise measurements in a situation in which the equivalent voltage noise of each single amplifier is larger than that to be measured, the time required for obtaining a given accuracy is reduced by a factor N(N-1)/2 with respect to the conventional set-up employing just two amplifiers. Measurements on two different set-ups employing up to 4 channels and up to 8 channels are presented that confirm that the expected reduction factors in measurement time by a factor of 6 and 28, respectively, are indeed obtained in actual experiments.
Efficacy and long-term outcome of endoscopic treatment of sporadic nonampullary duodenal adenoma.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Endoscopic resection has proven to be a safe and effective alternative to surgery for duodenal adenomas. However, few data are available on the adequacy of resection and long-term outcomes. This study evaluated the efficacy and longterm endoscopic findings in a cohort of Korean patients who underwent endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of sporadic duodenal adenomas. METHODS Seventeen patients with nonampullary duodenal adenomas without familial polyposis syndrome and who were treated by EMR between January 2001 and December 2007 were evaluated retrospectively. Their management, follow-up, and outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS In total, seventeen lesions were removed from EMR in 17 patients (mean age, 59.3 years; 6 women, 11 men). The mean size of the tumors was 15.1 mm (median, 13 mm, range, 8-27 mm). Of these 17 adenomas, 16 adenomas were tubulous and 1 was tubulovillous. The EMR was performed successfully in all 17 patients in a single session. After a median follow-up period of 29 months (range, 13-72 months), all patients remained in remission. One patient had bleeding at the site of the EMR. There were no perforations after the EMR. CONCLUSIONS EMR for sporadic duodenal adenomas seemed to be a safe and effective treatment modality.
Design of a set of controllers for an n-link robot manipulator

A class of stabilising decentralised controllers for an n -link manipulator was found out using a simple design technique where the feedback gains are obtained by checking the stability of the closed-loop system. We obtained the range of decentralised controllers using Lyapunov-based interval matrix approach. The control objective is to achieve accurate tracking of desired joint trajectories. The i th link robot manipulator is described and then a decentralised control strategy is proposed. In this method a range of controllers is obtained by modification of the model reference adaptive control technique based on Lyapunov stability approach for interval matrices. This characterisation is useful for designing an optimal set of controller parameters. Simulation results are shown to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed control scheme for a time-varying trajectory tracking.
Continuity of the Hausdorff Measure of Continued Fractions and Countable Alphabet Iterated Function Systems

We prove that if by Jn(G) we denote the set of all numbers in [0, 1] whose infinite continued fraction expansions have all entries in the finite set {1, 2, . , n}, then limn→∞ Hhn(Jn(G))= 1 = H1(J(G)), where hn is the Hausdorff dimension of Jn(G), Hhn is the corresponding Hausdorff measure, and J(G) denotes the set of all irrational numbers in [0, 1], i . e. those whose continued fraction expansion is infinite. We also show that this property is not too common by constructing a class of infinite iterated function systems S on [0, 1], consisting of similarities, for which limF →E HhF (JF ) < HhS (JS); the lower limit is taken over finite subsets of the countable infinite alphabet E.
Expressed isolated integrin β1 subunit cytodomain induces endothelial cell death secondary to detachment

Summary Expression of isolated β integrin cytoplasmic domains in cultured endothelial cells was reported to induce cell detachment and death. To test whether cell death was the cause or the consequence of cell detachment, we expressed isolated integrin β1 cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains (CH1) in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and monitored detachment, viability, caspase activation and signaling. CH1 expression induced dose-dependent cell detachment. At 24 h over 90% of CH1-expressing HUVEC were detached but largely viable (>85%). No evidence of pro-caspase-8, –3, and PARP cleavage or suppression of phosphorylation of ERK, PKB and Iκ-B was observed. The caspase inhibitor z-VAD did not prevent cell detachment. At 48 h, however, CH1-expressing cells were over 50% dead. As a comparison trypsin-mediated detachment resulted in a time-dependent cell death, paralleled by caspase-3 activation and suppression of ERK, PKB and Iκ-B phosphoyrylation at 24 h or later after detachment. HUVEC stimulation with agents that strengthen integrin-mediated adhesion (i.e.PMA, the Src inhibitor PP2 and COMP-Ang1) did not prevent CH1-induced detachment. Expression of CH1 in rat carotid artery endothelial cells in vivo caused endothelial cell detachment and increased nuclear DNA fragmentation among detached cells. A construct lacking the integrin cytoplasmic domain (CH2) had no effect on adhesion and cell viability in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that isolated β1 cytoplasmic domain expression induces caspase-independent detachment of viable endothelial cells and that death is secondary to detachment (i.e. anoikis). They also reveal an essential role for integrins in the adhesion and survival of quiescent endothelial cells in vivo.
Transformation of Continuous Aggregation Join Queries over Data Streams

We address continuously processing an aggregation join query over data streams. Queries of this type involve both join and aggregation operations, with windows specified on join input streams. To our knowledge, the existing researches address join query optimization and aggregation query optimization as separate problems. Our observation, however, is that by putting them within the same scope of query optimization we can generate more efficient query execution plans. This is through more versatile query transformations, the key idea of which is to perform aggregation before join so join execution time may be reduced. This idea itself is not new (already proposed in the database area), but developing the query transformation rules faces a completely new set of challenges. In this paper, we first propose a query processing model of an aggregation join query with two key stream operators: (1) aggregation set update, which produces an aggregation set of tuples (one tuple per group) and updates it incrementally as new tuples arrive, and (2) aggregation set join, i.e., join between a stream and an aggregation set of tuples. Then, we introduce the concrete query transformation rules specialized to work with streams. The rules are far more compact and yet more general than the rules proposed in the database area. Then, we present a query processing algorithm generic to all alternative query execution plans that can be generated through the transformations, and study the performances of alternative query execution plans through extensive experiments.
Strategies for sustainability: citizens and responsible environmental behaviour

Policymakers are becoming increasingly interested in the means by which individuals can be encouraged to engage in environmental actions around the home. This paper uses evidence from existing empirical research and a large questionnaire survey undertaken by the author to argue that environmental action is open to a range of influences, focusing especially on environmental values, situational characteristics and psychological variables. Accordingly, the paper asserts that strategies for promoting environmentally responsible behaviours (such as energy saving, water conservation and waste recycling) should take account of these factors. The implications for the study of environmental behaviour are considered.
Truly Anonymous Paper Submission and Review Scheme

Due to the flush development of academic research, a great deal research results have been published in conference proceedings and journals. However, these articles need to be inspected by some professionals in specific fields. It is the most important that it must keep fair during the entire process of reviewing. However, the privacy of reviewers will be leaked out because that the reviewers must sign their comments on the reviewed papers. The leakage of the reviewers' privacy will affect the fairness of paper reviewing. In addition, the authors need to show their names to the editor of conference proceedings or journals such that it may also make the inspecting results unfair. Unfortunately, the solutions proposed in the literature cannot cope with the problems of fairness well. Therefore, in order to eliminate the drawbacks of the previous schemes, we will deeply analyze the paper review procedure to find the possible reasons that bring about these unfair results. Furthermore, we will present a generic idea, which is independent of the underlying cryptographic components, to achieve the fairness property and other requirements in a paper review scheme.
Collaboration, collegiality and leadership from the head

Introduction Over the last three decades schools have been subject to increasing and more varied sets of regulatory frameworks. Sachs (2003) expresses concern that a standardised curriculum along with the accompanying testing and supervision of the work of schools is simply a means of exercising control over teachers ‘. where their competence will be judged on the basis of some idealised notion of what competent or excellent teaching may be’ (p. 185). In addition Atkins (2002) believes that such accountability poses a significant threat for teachers’ opportunities to take a creative approach to teaching, having instead to concentrate on delivering the prescribed curriculum. In order to maintain creativity teachers need a clear educational perspective from which they can mediate, prioritise and lead change and one that enables them to develop and act upon their beliefs about education. The extent to which teachers in primary schools are empowered to develop their own perspective on the curriculum and, correlatively, enabled to manage learning and teaching in a way which is cognate with such a viewpoint is open to debate. The authors wish to argue that new forms of leadership structure, under a variety of different guises such as collegiality and, more recently, distributed leadership, have been promoted by both the academic community and government agencies but the extent to which these ‘new’ theories of leadership amount to more than enhanced delegation is open to contestation. In this article we seek address the following objectives:
FHYL: Field spectral libraries, airborne hyperspectral images and topographic and bathymetric LiDAR data for complex coastal mapping

Remote sensing of coastal ecosystems provides fundamental information for the effective assessment of valuable natural habitat. A synoptic view of the shallow submerged and emerged coastal landscape can offer the quantitative ability to obtain spatially explicit data over large and complex areas, where the heterogeneity of habitat is mixed by vegetation and sediment/soil interactions at the interface with water and atmosphere. In the present paper, by combining field radiometry with contemporary airborne hyperspectral imagery and topographic and bathymetric LiDAR data, an innovative approach with the application of Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA) and Multiple Linear Regression models is proposed in order to define shallow coastal seabed, beach and dune habitat at the finest scale. The implemented FHyL (Field spectral libraries, airborne Hyperspectral imagery and LiDAR altimetry) processing chain leads to an innovative mapping results obtained by an integration of multisensory data. Presence and typology of vegetated and unvegetated beach is represented as the abundance of each physical response within the hyperspectral reflectance by building multisensory and multidimensional hyperspectral - LiDAR mixture space. Mineralogical and sedimentological proprieties of the beach sediment was estimated by using field and airborne spectral libraries combined with sediment sampling in a multiple linear regression statistical model. Therefore, FHyL represents the multisensory data fusion process to classify and map vegetation presence and distribution, as well as sediment properties and geomorphology of complex coastal seabed, and beaches dunes systems. The present research is a novel input for multilayered analysis in biophysical studies and its application on multi temporal dataset modeling of coast evolution.