Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genotype by temperature interactions in the metabolic rate of the Glanville fritillary butterfly

SUMMARY Metabolic rate is a highly plastic trait. Here I examine factors that influence the metabolic rate of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) in pupae and resting and flying adults. Body mass and temperature had consistent positive effects on metabolic rate in pupae and resting adults but not in flying adults. There was also a consistent nonlinear effect of the time of the day, which was strongest in pupae and weakest in flying adults. Flight metabolic rate was strongly affected by an interaction between the phosphoglucose isomerase (Pgi) genotype and temperature. Over a broad range of measurement temperatures, heterozygous individuals at a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Pgi had higher peak metabolic rate in flight, but at high temperatures homozygous individuals performed better. The two genotypes did not differ in resting metabolic rate, suggesting that the heterozygotes do not pay an additional energetic cost for their higher flight capacity. Mass-independent resting and flight metabolic rates were at best weakly correlated at the individual level, and therefore, unlike in many vertebrates, resting metabolic rate does not serve as a useful surrogate of the metabolic capacity of this butterfly.
Optimal operation strategy of energy storage applied in wind power integration based on chance-constrained programming

Large-scale wind power integration brings about many challenges to power system. Energy storage is regarded as an effective solution to the problems and some demonstration projects have been constructed. As the output power of wind turbines is a stochastic variable which is determined by wind velocity, it is very difficult to choose the operation strategy of energy storage. Probability method can be a wise selection of this kind of problem. Mathematical model for seeking the energy storage operation strategy is developed based on chance-constrained programming. Genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem, and Monte-Carlo method is applied to deal with the chance-constrained question.
(I can't Get no) Satisfaction

Both these books are stimulating analyses of the relationship between employment and personal identity in the new, anxious age of late, 'flexibilised' industrial modernity. Both bring together the sociology of work, the sociology of the family and psychology (principally psychoanalysis): three disciplines whose avoidance of each other is mutually impoverishing. They ask grand questions which pulls us away from too 'applied' a perspective and offer intriguing theoretical insights, as well as more particular delights such as Pahl's impish appendix on method. But, like much contemporary sociology, I find they read uncannily like Cosmopolitan at times, in both their focus on the self, identity, and authenticity, and the analysis which is offered. Is it I who has a problem, doctor, or is it the discipline? Through ten case studies (eight men, two women) and, I suspect, some autobiographical reflection, Pahl examines whether worldly success in employment (exemplified by Thatcherism) provides a secure source of identity or whether that very search for identity results from the insecurities of modernity. In traditional society (where identity was less a concern than 'the appalling hazards of everyday life' (119)) gender, place and class provided existentially necessary 'roots' and the fundamentals of identity: 'the need to know who we are' (120), but individualisation has destroyed this. Beck and Beck-Gernsheim argue that as individualisation has developed, the central contradiction of industrialism has moved from class conflict to that 'between the demands of the labour market and the demands of relationships' (6). This is because industrialism requires an emotional division of labour in the family (to produce instrumental, employment obsessed men and nurturant women who sustain them) which depends on the maintenance of unequal, ascriptive identities, while at the same time indivi dualisation destroys the maintenance of such gender ascription. It puts love and democratised personal relationships at the centre of people's identities but (for example through the requirement of geographical labour mobility) frustrates their attempts to realise it. As the back cover blurb puts it: 'The struggle to harmonize family and career, love and marriage, "new" motherhood and fatherhood, has today replaced class struggle. ' Pahl's findings are reassuringly mixed: some respondents are hopeless neurotic workaholics; some read novels and do a three-hour, satisfying day. He avoids over-simplistic conclusions, but masculine instrumentalism, as analysed by Dinnerstein (1987) and Chodorow (1978), looms large and he draws on Karen
Arabidopsis Regenerating Protoplast: A Powerful Model System for Combining the Proteomics of Cell Wall Proteins and the Visualization of Cell Wall Dynamics

The development of a range of sub-proteomic approaches to the plant cell wall has identified many of the cell wall proteins. However, it remains difficult to elucidate the precise biological role of each protein and the cell wall dynamics driven by their actions. The plant protoplast provides an excellent means not only for characterizing cell wall proteins, but also for visualizing the dynamics of cell wall regeneration, during which cell wall proteins are secreted. It therefore offers a unique opportunity to investigate the de novo construction process of the cell wall. This review deals with sub-proteomic approaches to the plant cell wall through the use of protoplasts, a methodology that will provide the basis for further exploration of cell wall proteins and cell wall dynamics.
Acylation-Mediated Membrane Anchoring of Avian Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Is Essential for Fusion Pore Formation and Virus Infectivity

ABSTRACT Attachment of palmitic acid to cysteine residues is a common modification of viral glycoproteins. The influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) has three conserved cysteine residues at its C terminus serving as acylation sites. To analyze the structural and functional roles of acylation, we have generated by reverse genetics a series of mutants (Ac1, Ac2, and Ac3) of fowl plague virus (FPV) containing HA in which the acylation sites at positions 551, 559, and 562, respectively, have been abolished. When virus growth in CV1 and MDCK cells was analyzed, similar amounts of virus particles were observed with the mutants and the wild type. Protein patterns and lipid compositions, characterized by high cholesterol and glycolipid contents, were also indistinguishable. However, compared to wild-type virus, Ac2 and Ac3 virions were 10 and almost 1,000 times less infectious, respectively. Fluorescence transfer experiments revealed that loss of acyl chains impeded formation of fusion pores, whereas hemifusion was not affected. When the affinity to detergent-insoluble glycolipid (DIG) domains was analyzed by Triton X-100 treatment of infected cells and virions, solubilization of Ac2 and Ac3 HAs was markedly facilitated. These observations show that acylation of the cytoplasmic tail, while not necessary for targeting to DIG domains, promotes the firm anchoring and retention of FPV HA in these domains. They also indicate that tight DIG association of FPV HA is essential for formation of fusion pores and thus probably for infectivity.
Plants Tolerant of High Boron Levels

Reduced crop productivity due to soils containing toxic levels of boron (B) is a worldwide problem in food production. It is estimated that up to 17% of the barley yield losses in southern Australia are caused by B toxicity. We found that the expression of AtBOR4, an Arabidopsis paralog of BOR1, the first identified boron transporter gene, generates plants that are tolerant of high B levels. BOR4 is a polarly localized borate exporter that enhances B efflux from roots. The present study is a foundation for the improvement of crop productivity in soils containing excess B, which are distributed in arid areas of the world.
A New Skill? Law-Text Analysis

Summary It is our thesis that there are intellectual techniques, at present underdeveloped and neglected, for the proper handling of law texts (those which constitute law or are authoritative texts from which laws can be derived). These techniques we collectively refer to as “law-text analysis”. They grow from disciplines such as statutory interpretation and precedent, but they are more than that. Together they can be defined as the general intellectual skill of identifying the legal issues involved, formulating the relevant rules(s) and reaching the actual or arguable legal result of applying the rule(s) to the facts. These are not mere mechanical rules, but neither are they simply fictions to conceal caprice. They are an undervalued means of ensuring that decision-makers act constitutionally. These techniques are not given the emphasis they should have in legal education and there is a tendency to believe that other skills such as research can replace them. We describe some of the key components of lawtext analysis and argue that it should be taught not as a separate subject, crammed into already overcrowded curricula, but as a running topic central to the intellectual discipline of law.
Comparison of Nd:YAG laser versus scaling and root planing in periodontal therapy.

BACKGROUND The Nd:YAG laser has recently been used in the treatment of periodontal disease. However, although a clinical reduction of probing depth and gingival inflammation to this new approach has been reported, it has not been fully evaluated. Interleukin-1 beta (IL- 1beta), a potent stimulator of bone resorption, has been identified in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), which is closely associated with periodontal destruction. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Nd:YAG laser treatment versus scaling/root planing (SRP) treatment on crevicular IL-1beta levels in 52 sampled sites obtained from 8 periodontitis patients. METHODS One or 2 periodontitis-affected sites with a 4 to 6 mm probing depth and horizontal bone loss from 3 adjacent single-root teeth in each of 4 separate quadrants were selected from patients for clinical documentation and IL-1beta assay. Sampling site(s) from each diseased quadrant was randomly assigned to one of the following groups: 1) subgingival laser treatment (20 pps, 150 mJ) only; 2) SRP only; 3) laser treatment first, followed by SRP 6 weeks later; or 4) SRP first, followed by laser therapy 6 weeks later. The GCF was collected and the amount of IL-1beta was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical parameters and GCF were measured at baseline and biweekly after therapy for 12 weeks. RESULTS An obvious clinical improvement (marked decrease in the number of diseased sites with gingival index > or =2) and reduction of crevicular IL- 1beta were found in all groups. The level of IL- 1beta was significantly lower in the SRP group (P = 0.035) than in the laser therapy group for the duration of the 12 weeks. The laser combined SRP therapy group showed a further reduction of IL- 1beta (6 to 12 weeks after treatment) than either laser therapy alone or SRP combined laser therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that laser therapy appeared to be less effective than traditional SRP treatment. Of the 4 treatment modalities, inclusion of SRP was found to have a superior IL- 1beta response, when compared to other therapies without it. In addition, no additional benefit was found when laser treatment was used secondary to traditional SRP therapy.
An association for all: notions of the meaning of autistic self-advocacy politics within a parent-dominated autistic movement

In this paper, we seek to explore the tensions between advocacy and self advocacy autistic movements in a Swedish context with a special focus on the meanings that enable the production of particular understandings of autism and the autistic subject. Drawing on articles written for the Swedish advocacy magazine Empowerment written for and by people with autism, the discourse analysis explores two competing discourses: a reformist and a radical. The reformist discourse underlines a goal of (political) representation expressed in Empowerment. It may be understood as an important part of producing a legitimate autistic political subject–positioned as a full member, with a full membership–within a parent-dominated autistic advocacy movement. The reformist discourse can be viewed as a result of a negotiation, where full membership is conditioned on the parents' terms and granted on specific terms. These include working together (neuro-inclusively), advocacy based on interest rather than identity/position as a specific target/member group, agreement upon a definition of autism as a disability (a deficit) a person has rather than an identity. In relation to this, an alternative legitimate autistic subject is produced through invoking the counter-hegemonic radical discourse. Such a narrative produces the ‘Asperger’ or ‘Aspie’. Here, the ‘full membership’ refers to a sense of identification with sense of belonging to and being at home with other people with autism. It contains a certain amount of autistic solidarity within the group of adults with autism.
Family Structure History and Adolescent Adjustment

As patterns of union formation and dissolution in adult lives become complex, the living arrangements of American children are becoming increasingly fluid. With a sample (N = 12,843) drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study attempted to capture this complexity by mapping out children's family structure histories across their early life course, investigating the implications of these arrangements for their general adjustment, and finally, identifying family processes that explained these associations. The findings suggest that a sizable minority of young people experience dynamic family structure arrangements. Moreover, family structure at adolescence best predicted later emotional distress, and family structure at adolescence plus an indicator of cumulative family instability across childhood best predicted current marijuana use. More so than indicators tapping social control, levels of family connectedness and parent—adolescent relationship quality were key conduits for these associations.
Additive Effect between IL-13 Polymorphism and Cesarean Section Delivery/Prenatal Antibiotics Use on Atopic Dermatitis: A Birth Cohort Study (COCOA)

Background Although cesarean delivery and prenatal exposure to antibiotics are likely to affect the gut microbiome in infancy, their effect on the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) in infancy is unclear. The influence of individual genotypes on these relationships is also unclear. To evaluate with a prospective birth cohort study whether cesarean section, prenatal exposure to antibiotics, and susceptible genotypes act additively to promote the development of AD in infancy. Methods The Cohort for Childhood of Asthma and Allergic Diseases (COCOA) was selected from the general Korean population. A pediatric allergist assessed 412 infants for the presence of AD at 1 year of age. Their cord blood DNA was subjected to interleukin (IL)-13 (rs20541) and cluster-of-differentiation (CD)14 (rs2569190) genotype analysis. Results The combination of cesarean delivery and prenatal exposure to antibiotics associated significantly and positively with AD (adjusted odds ratio, 5.70; 95% CI, 1.19–27.3). The association between cesarean delivery and AD was significantly modified by parental history of allergic diseases or risk-associated IL-13 (rs20541) and CD14 (rs2569190) genotypes. There was a trend of interaction between IL-13 (rs20541) and delivery mode with respect to the subsequent risk of AD. (P for interaction = 0.039) Infants who were exposed prenatally to antibiotics and were born by cesarean delivery had a lower total microbiota diversity in stool samples at 6 months of age than the control group. As the number of these risk factors increased, the AD risk rose (trend p<0.05). Conclusion Cesarean delivery and prenatal antibiotic exposure may affect the gut microbiota, which may in turn influence the risk of AD in infants. These relationships may be shaped by the genetic predisposition.
How Pervasive Are Relative Age Effects in Secondary School Education

Relative age effects (RAEs; R. H. Barnsley, A. H. Thompson, & P. E. Barnsley, 1985) convey school attainment (dis)advantages depending on whether one is relatively older or younger within annually age-grouped cohorts. In the present study, the authors examined the pervasiveness of RAEs by examining (a) attainment in 4 secondary school subjects, (b) attainment consistency across subjects, (c) pupils enrolled in gifted and talented programs, (d) pupils referred for learning support or identified as having special educational needs, and (e) whether RAEs were related to pupil attendance. For 2004-2005, attainment, program participation, and attendance data for 657 pupils (aged 11-14) at a secondary school in North England were analyzed. Relatively older pupils (i.e., September-November born) attained significantly higher in subjects (except for English), were more likely to attain consistently high scores across subject areas, and be enrolled in gifted and talented programs. In contrast, relatively younger pupils (i.e., January-August born) were overrepresented in learning support referrals and identified as having special educational needs, and were more likely to be among the lowest 20% of attainment and attendees, attending on average school 6 days less. RAEs are pervasive and systematic across the curriculum, implicating maturational and psychological mechanisms
Testing across cultures: an historical perspective

: While there have been minor but bitterly debated issues connected with variety choice in international teaching and testing of English, an equally pervasive cultural clash has been initiated through the encounter between the traditional and modern approaches to testing. The classical colonial diffusion of the British examination system (with its notion of prescribed curriculum and the judgement by examiners of written or spoken performance) has come into unfruitful rivalry with the neo-colonialist American objective test (with its deification of reliability and the unquestionable expertise of psychometrists); at the same time, the prodicious power of the tests has supported the imperialism of the competing normative varieties of English they revere and disseminate.
Support Network Type and Health Service Utilization

A secondary analysis of data from a national survey of elderly people in Israel applied a quick clustering procedure to a set of relational and interactional variables to derive a typology of support networks. The procedure produced six network types significantly differentiated by the gender, age, education, years of residence in the country, and health status of the focal elders in the network. They are characterized respectively as (1) diversified, (2) friend and family, (3) narrow family focused, (4) attenuated,(5) religious family focused, and (6) traditional extended family support networks. Respondents in the different network types were found to have differing degrees of health service utilization, as measured on a combined index of nine health services. The healthiest respondents with the most diversified support networks made the greatest use, and those with family-focused networks made the least use of health services.
Estimation of Left Ventricular Residual Volume in the Dog by a Thermodilution Method

Thermodilution was used to estimate left ventricular volumes by the indicator-dilution principle. The results of multiple determinations in the same animal were in close agreement. Average values determined in 16 dogs anesthetized with a chloralose-urethane mixture were SV 18 ml. , ESV 37 ml. , EDV 56 ml. , and CO 2.54 L. /min. The ratio ESV/EDV averaged 66 per cent, which was significantly less than the ESV to EDV ratio of 79 per cent observed in 14 other dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and studied in a comparable fashion. This difference was attributed primarily to the myocardial depressant effects of the barbiturate anesthetic. The ability to perform multiple determinations without “indicator” accumulation, to record the time-temperature curve directly at the base of the aorta without sampling through a catheter system, to avoid introducing substances into the circulation which may produce significant circulatory effects, and to perform calibration quickly and easily suggests that the thermodilution technique offers a simple, rapid, and reproducible method for estimating ventricular volumes.
Solid Dispersions: A Review

Solid dispersion can be defined as “The dispersion of one or more active ingredients in an inert carrier or matrix at solid state”. Solid dispersions are prepared with an aim to improve the solubility and dissolution rate. Polyethylene Glycols (PEG4000, PEG6000and PEG8000), Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) used as polymers in the preparation of solid dispersions. Chloroform, Ethanol, Methanol is used as the solvents. The method of preparation of solid dispersions include Fusion method, hot melt extrusion, Solvent evaporation method, super critical fluid method, Dielectrostatic spinning process. Solid dispersions are divided into six types based on their molecular arrangement. They are Eutectics (crystalline drug in crystalline matrix),Amorphous precipitations in crystalline matrix (crystalline drug in amorphous matrix),Solid solutions (crystalline drug molecularly dispersed in matrix), Glass suspensions (crystalline drug in amorphous matrix),Glass suspensions (amorphous drug in amorphous matrix),Glass solutions (amorphous drug molecularly dispersed in matrix). Thin Layer Chromatography and Infra Red spectral analysis confirms the absence of interaction between the drug and the carriers. A marked improvement in the dissolution rate was observed in all the solid dispersions compared with the pure drug.900ml of 0.1M pH 7.4 phosphate buffer used as dissolution medium. The stirrer is adjusted to 75 rpm at 37°C and absorbance is measured by using UV-vis spectrophotometer.
Are BR(b->s gamma) and (g-2)_muon consistent within the Constrained MSSM?

We employ two different statistical tests to examine whether, in the framework of the Constrained MSSM, the experimentally determined values of BR(b->s gamma) and the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, (g-2), are consistent with each other. Our tests are designed to compare the theoretical predictions of the CMSSM in data space with the actual measurements, once all of the CMSSM free parameters have been integrated out and constrained using all other available data. We investigate the value of (g-2) as obtained by using e+e- data alone (which shows a ~3sigma discrepancy with the SM prediction) and as obtained based on tau decay data (which shows a much milder, 1sigma discrepancy). We find that one of our tests returns either a statistically inconclusive result or shows weak evidence of tension between BR(b->s gamma) and the e+e- data based value of (g-2). On the other hand, our second test, which is more stringent in this application, reveals that the joint observations of BR(b->s gamma) and (g-2) from e+e- data alone are incompatible within the CMSSM at the ~2sigma level. On the other hand, for both tests we find no significant tension between BR(b->s gamma) and the value of (g-2) evaluated using tau decay data. These results are only weakly dependent on the three different priors that we employ in the analysis. We conclude that, if the discrepancy between the Standard Model and the experimental determinations of (g-2) is confirmed at the 3sigma level, this could be interpreted as strong evidence against the CMSSM.