Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of motion and speech in face recognition at birth

Newborns, a few hours after birth, already encounter many different faces, talking or silently moving. How do they process these faces and which cues are important in early face recognition? In a series of six experiments, newborns were familiarized with an unfamiliar face in different contexts (photographs, talking, silently moving, and with only external movements of the head with speech sound). At test, they saw the familiar and a new faces either in photographs, silently moving, or talking. A novelty preference was evidenced at test when photographs were presented in the two phases. This result supports those already evidenced in several studies. A familiarity preference appeared only when the face was seen talking in the familiarization phase and in a photograph or talking again at test. This suggests that the simultaneous presence of speech sound, and rigid and nonrigid movements present in a talking face enhances recognition of interactive faces at birth.
Search for nucleon decay into charged antilepton plus meson in Super-Kamiokande I and II

Searches for a nucleon decay into a charged anti-lepton (e^+ or {\mu}^+) plus a light meson ({\pi}^0, {\pi}^-, {\eta}, {\rho}^0, {\rho}^-, {\omega}) were performed using the Super-Kamiokande I and II data. Twelve nucleon decay modes were searched for. The total exposure is 140.9 kiloton \cdot years, which includes a 91.7 kiloton \cdot year exposure (1489.2 live days) of Super-Kamiokande-I and a 49.2 kiloton \cdot year exposure (798.6 live days) of Super-Kamiokande-II. The number of candidate events in the data was consistent with the atmospheric neutrino background expectation. No significant evidence for a nucleon decay was observed in the data. Thus, lower limits on the nucleon partial lifetime at 90% confidence level were obtained. The limits range from 3.6 \times 10^31 to 8.2 \times 10^33 years, depending on the decay modes.
Effect of signal sequence alterations on export of levansucrase in Bacillus subtilis

A series of alterations in the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens levansucrase signal peptide were made by in vitro mutagenesis, and their effect on the secretion of levansucrase in Bacillus subtilis was studied. Some of the alterations resulted in a completely defective signal peptide. These included the removal of positively charged residues from the N-terminus and disruption of the hydrophobic core of the signal peptide either by introducing a charged residue or by deleting five or more amino acids. Analysis of the signal peptide processing-site alterations revealed that small residues are preferred at the -1 and -3 positions. However, a wide variety of amino acids are tolerated at the +1 position.
Release of hyaluronidase from guinea-pig spermatozoa through an acrosome reaction initiated by calcium.

Hyaluronidase which is localized in the sperm acrosome (Mancini, Alonso, Barquet, Alvarez & Nemirovsky, 1964) is released by ageing of the spermatozoa (Mann, 1964), freeze-thawing (Ackerman, 1970) and treatment ofspermatozoa with a variety of reagents such as digitonin (Austin, 1960), Hyamine 2389 (Hartree & Srivastava, 1965) and MgCl2 (Srivastava, 1973). These conditions seem to destroy the integrity of the plasma and acrosomal membranes (Srivastava, Munnell, Yang & Foley, 1974). The release of hyaluronidase from living spermatozoa is believed to occur through a process called the acrosome reaction. This reaction, which involves multiple fusions between the outer acrosomal membrane and overlying sperm plasma membrane (Barros, Bedford, Franklin & Austin, 1967), occurs only after the spermatozoa attain a `capacitated' state (Bedford, 1970). In fertilization, the functional significance of the acrosome reaction is probably that it allows the acrosomal enzymes to become accessible for digestion of the cumulus matrix and other egg envelopes
Exercising 'veto' power to make haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation a safe modality for induction of immune tolerance.

Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haploSCT) offers a curative procedure for patients with malignant and nonmalignant hematological diseases, as well as an expanding number of inherited disorders. HaploSCT is likely the best unmatched source of HSCT, on account of high availability and willingness of donors, possibility of secondary grafting or post-transplant T-cell therapy and increased graft-versustumor (GVT) reactivity. Regrettably, haploSCT has traditionally been associated with higher transplant related mortality (TRM) rates as compared with transplants from MHC-matched donors, thereby limiting its application. High TRM was a direct result of increased frequency and severity of graft
E-Portfolio to Promote the Virtual Learning Group Communities on the Grid

In Vocational and Educational Training (VET), new trends are toward social learning and, more precisely, toward informal learning. In such settings, this article introduces a process â€” the e-Qualification â€” to manage informal learning on the ELeGI â€œLearning Grid Infrastructure. â€ It argues that this process must occur in a social context, such as virtual communities. On the one hand, it describes their necessary characteristics and proprieties that lead to the creation of a new kind of virtual community: the Virtual Learning Grid Community (VLGC). On the other hand, e-Qualification cannot occur without the help of a kind of userâ€™s profile, called e-portfolio. Moreover, the e-portfolio is also a process, used to manage the Virtual Learning Grid Communities. The e-Qualification and Virtual Learning Grid Communitiesâ€™ management will probably rely on the cooperation of different distributed, autonomous, goal-oriented entities, called Mobile Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Agents. Furthermore, we hope that implementing these services will decrease the lack of informal learning treatment on the grid and will become the basis for new services on the Learning Grid.
Forward Vaccinology: CTL Targeting Based upon Physical Detection of HLA-Bound Peptides

Vaccine-elicited cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) recognizing conserved fragments of a pathogen’s proteome could greatly impact infectious diseases and cancers. Enabling this potential are recent advances in mass spectrometry that identify specific target peptides among the myriad HLA-bound peptides on altered cells. Ultrasensitivity of these physical detection methods allows for the direct assessment of peptide presentation on small numbers of tissue-derived cells. In addition, concurrent advances in immunobiology suggest ways to induce CTLs with requisite functional avidity and tissue deployment. Elicitation of high-avidity resident-memory T cells through vaccination may shift the vaccinology paradigm both for preventive and therapeutic approaches to human disease control.
Organiser les inorganisés : Des expérimentations syndicales entre renouveau des pratiques et échec de la syndicalisation

Cet article analyse deux tentatives menees par des equipes syndicales de la CGT pour organiser des salaries precaires, l'une dans un site de construction automobile, l'autre dans un centre commercial. Les efforts pour toucher ces salaries, pour adapter les revendications et les modalites d'action a leurs conditions de travail, s'entrecroisent avec les objectifs de syndicalisation, sans les recouvrir completement. Des tensions en decoulent, l'action en direction des precaires relevant d'une temporalite longue pour aboutir eventuellement a des adhesions et posant de nombreuses difficultes aux syndicats. De ce fait, les equipes qui se lancent dans ces experiences de redeploiement se retrouvent peu soutenues par les structures syndicales interprofessionnelles et s'epuisent vite, soit parce que les militants sont aspires par d'autres tâches, soit parce qu'ils sont soumis eux-memes a la precarite. Les deux cas etudies permettent, des lors, de reflechir a la facon dont une organisation comme la CGT envisage l'extension de son champ d'influence et hierarchise, de facon implicite, ses priorites. [ http://www.cairn. info/revue-politix-2009-1-p-127.htm ]
Comprehension of sexual situations and its relationship to risky decisions by young adults

Abstract This research examines the nature of the relationship between comprehension of sexual situations and decisions about risky sexual behaviour by young adults. Participants were 56 heterosexual students from Brooklyn College, NY, located in a community with a relatively high prevalence of HIV/AIDS. They read a sexual encounter scenario and verbally responded to open-ended questions and made decisions about condom use. The responses were recorded, transcribed and analysed. Prior beliefs were evaluated based on participants’ initial responses to the scenario. High and low risk individuals showed a specific set of beliefs about safer sex practices, and they processed information differently during comprehension of the sexual situation. Low-risk individuals focused on cues that show “risks of unprotected sex”, with the goal of not taking any risks. High-risk individuals processed given information as emotionally related, with the goal of ‘immediate pleasure’ in the situation. These processing variables influenced the young adults’ decisions to practice (or not) safer sex behaviour. Educational interventions need to be tailored for different patterns of behaviour. The goal of a customization approach is to intervene at appropriate weak links in the decision-making process, including any contradictory or unjustified beliefs, to promote safer sex behaviour.
Support a Science of Performance Improvement

iven the many challenges facing educa tion, it is natural to look to our na tion's research and development ca pacity to point the way. Even at its best, however, extant education re search today only weakly informs the complex processes involved in improv ing teaching and learning. We simply lack the necessary infrastructure to guide the transfor mations we need. This isn't due to an absence of activity. An indus try of education researchers is -identifying problems and developing new concepts. Individual educators regularly experiment with new practices in their class rooms, and school districts are constantly introducing new programs. Individual consultants and commer cial firms market new services, as state and federal policies incentivize new activity, and foundations pro mote bold new solutions seeking to reinvent the in stitutional enterprise. In short, an impressive array of individual projects focuses on many different issues. Taken as a whole, however, this enterprise isn't leading to solutions for major educational problems. We must reengineer both how we carry out education R&D and the institutional environments in which this work occurs if we want to achieve more produc tive ends. Something new and quite different must emerge if we are to confront educational challenges successfully.
Prevalence and risk of rupture of intracranial aneurysms: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The estimates on the prevalence and the risk of rupture of intracranial saccular aneurysms vary widely between studies. We conducted a systematic review on prevalence and risk of rupture of intracranial aneurysms and classified the data according to study design, study population, and aneurysm characteristics. METHODS We searched for studies published between 1955 and 1996 by means of a MEDLINE search and a cumulative review of the reference lists of all relevant publications. Two authors independently assessed eligibility of all studies and extracted data on study design and on numbers and characteristics of patients and aneurysms. RESULTS For data on prevalence we found 23 studies, totalling 56,304 patients; 6685 (12%) of these patients were from 15 angiography studies. Prevalence was 0.4% (95% confidence interval, 0.4% to 0.5%) in retrospective autopsy studies, 3.6% (3.1 to 4.1) for prospective autopsy studies, 3.7% (3.0 to 4.4) in retrospective angiography studies, and 6.0% (5.3 to 6.8) in prospective angiography studies. For adults without specific risk factors, the prevalence was 2.3% (1.7 to 3.1); it tended to increase with age. The prevalence was higher in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (relative risk [RR], 4.4 [2.7 to 7.2]), a familial predisposition (RR, 4.0 [2.7 to 6.0]), or atherosclerosis (RR, 2.3 [1.7 to 3.1]). Only 8% (5 to 11) of the aneurysms were >10 mm. For the risk of rupture, we found nine studies, totalling 3907 patient-years. The overall risk per year was 1.9% (1.5 to 2.4); for aneurysms = 10 mm, the annual risk was 0.7% (0.5 to 1.0). The risk was higher in women (RR, 2.1[1.1 to 3.9]) and for aneurysms that were symptomatic (RR, 8.3 [4.0 to 17]), >10 mm (RR, 5.5 [3.3 to 9.4]), or in the posterior circulation (RR, 4.1 [1.5 to 11]). CONCLUSIONS Data on prevalence and risk of rupture vary considerably according to study design, study population, and aneurysm characteristics. If all available evidence with inherent overestimation and underestimation is taken together, for adults without risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage, aneurysms are found in approximately 2%. The vast majority of these aneurysms are small (=10 mm) and have an annual risk of rupture of approximately 0.7%.
Optial measurement of strain using scattering from nanoparticle pairs on elastomer

This paper reports on a strain measurement method utilizing a scattering light by the nano-disk pairs on the elastomer sheet. It is known that the nano particle pair shows notable scattering characteristics that scattering spectrum is dependent on the gap distance. We make use of its characteristic by forming nano-disk pairs, which have 120-nm diameter, and 20 to 50-nm gap, on the PDMS sheet so that the gap distance can be tunable depending on the strain. The experimental results showed that the peak wavelength position of the scattering, and the peak shift directions had agreement with simulation results. Thus, we concluded that this method is useful for wireless measuring of the strain condition on small objects.
Propagation phenomena in large social networks

Social media and blogging services have become extremely popular. Every day hundreds of millions of users share conversations on random thoughts, emotional expressions, political news, and social issues. Users interact by following each other's updates and passing along interesting pieces of information to their friends. Information therefore can diffuse widely and quickly through social links. Information propagation in networks like Twitter is unique in that traditional media sources and word-of-mouth propagation coexist. The availability of digitally-logged propagation events in social media help us better understand how user influence, tie strength, repeated exposures, conventions, and various other factors come into play in the way people generate and consume information in the modern society. In this talk, I will present several findings on how bad news [9], rumors [8], prominent events [11], conventions [6, 7], tags [1, 4], behaviors [12], and moods [10] propagate in social media based on a large amount of data collected from networks like Twitter, Flickr, Facebook, and Blogosphere. I will talk about the different roles of user types [2] and content types [5] in propagations as well as ways to measure their influence [3]. Among various findings, I will demonstrate that indegree of a user, a well-known measure of popularity, alone can reveal little about the influence.
Oxidative DNA damage induced by activation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): implications for PCB-induced oxidative stress in breast cancer.

We have previously reported that mono- and dichlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can be metabolized to dihydroxy compounds and further oxidized to reactive metabolites which form adducts with nitrogen and sulfur nucleophiles including DNA [Amaro et al. (1966) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 9, 623-629; Oakley et al. (1996) Carcinogenesis 17, 109-114]. The former studies also demonstrated that during the metabolism of PCBs superoxide may be produced. We have therefore examined the abilities of PCB metabolites to induce free radical-mediated oxidative DNA damage using a newly developed, highly sensitive, 32P-postlabeling assay for 8-oxode-oxyguanosine (8-oxodG) [Devanaboyina, U. , and Gupta, R. (1996) Carcinogenesis 17, 917-924]. The incubation of 3,4-dichloro-2'5'-dihydroxybiphenyl (100 microM) with calf thymus DNA (300 micrograms/microL) in the presence of the breast tissue and milk-associated enzyme, lactoperoxidase (10 mU/mL), and H2O2 (0.5 mM) resulted in a significant increase in free radical-induced DNA damage (253 8-oxodG/10(6) nucleotides) as compared to vehicle-treated DNA (118 8-oxodG/10(6) nucleotides). Substituting CuCl(2) (100 microM) for lactoperoxidase/H2O2, however, resulted in a substantial increase in 8-oxodG content (2669 8-oxodG/10(6) nucleotides). FeCl(3) was ineffective, suggesting that CuCl(2) but not FeCl(3) mediates oxidation of PCB dihydroxy metabolites, resulting in oxidative DNA damage. The addition of catalase (100 U/mL) and sodium azide (0.1 M) reduced the effect of CuCl(2) (849 and 896 8-oxodG/10(6) nucleotides, respectively), while superoxide dismutase (600 U/mL) moderately stimulated and glutathione (100 microM) substantially stimulated 8-oxodG formation (3014 and 4415 8-oxodG/10(6) nucleotides, respectively). The effect of various buffers as well as the effects of PCB structure on Cu(II)-mediated oxidative DNA damage were examined. These results demonstrate that free radicals and oxidative DNA damage are produced during oxidation of lower chlorinated biphenyls. The relevance of the results is discussed in view of the recent report that increased oxidative DNA base damage is detected in the DNA of human breast tumor tissue.
Effects of tadalafil on lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia and on erectile dysfunction in sexually active men with both conditions: analyses of pooled data from four randomized, placebo-controlled tadalafil clinical studies.

INTRODUCTION Erectile dysfunction (ED) and lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) are common in aging males and frequently occur together. Tadalafil has demonstrated efficacy in treating both conditions. AIM The study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tadalafil 5 mg once daily vs. placebo over 12 weeks in treating both LUTS/BPH and ED in sexually active men. We also assessed relationships of baseline disease severity and prostate specific antigen (PSA) to outcomes. METHODS Data were pooled from four multinational, randomized studies of men ≥45 years with LUTS/BPH, with analyses restricted to sexually active men with ED. Randomization (baseline) followed a 4-week placebo run-in; changes from baseline were assessed vs. placebo using analysis of covariance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), IPSS subscores, Quality-of-Life Index (IPSS-QoL), BPH Impact Index (BII), and International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function (IIEF-EF) Domain score were used in this study. RESULTS Tadalafil (N = 505) significantly improved total IPSS vs. placebo (N = 521); mean changes from baseline were -6.0 and -3.6, respectively (P < 0.001). Improvements in IIEF-EF Domain score (tadalafil, 6.4; placebo, 1.4) were also significant vs. placebo, as were the IPSS storage and voiding subscores, IPSS-QoL, and BII (all P < 0.001). No significant impact of baseline ED severity or PSA category on IPSS response was observed (interaction P values, 0.463 and 0.149, respectively). Similarly, improvement in IIEF-EF Domain score was not significantly impacted by baseline LUTS/BPH severity or PSA category (interaction P values, 0.926 and 0.230, respectively). Improvements in IPSS and IIEF-EF Domain score during treatment were weakly correlated (r = -0.229). Treatment-emergent adverse events were consistent with previous reports. CONCLUSIONS Tadalafil was efficacious and well tolerated in treating ED and LUTS/BPH in sexually active men with both conditions. Improvements in both conditions were significant regardless of baseline severity. Improvements in the total IPSS and the IIEF-EF Domain score were weakly correlated.
Extracting information and answering questions

To move beyond current keyword-based approaches to document retrieval, we need to provide the user with a range of technologies for obtaining information and answering questions. One of these is information extraction (IE), which has the potential, for a limited range of requests, to provide more focused and comprehensive responses. IE has been constrained by limitations on the performance of natural language analysis, so we consider some of the ways in which these limitations are being addressed. We then turn to the ways in which IE can be combined with keyword-based methods to yield improved document and passage retrieval.
Supplementary Information File

1 PCA and ICA algorithms Let X be a matrix with n rows and N columns, and let X ij denote the element of X in the ith row and jth column. Both ICA and PCA algorithms produce an approximate decomposition of the matrix X into the product of two matrices S and A: X ij = K k=1 S ik A kj + E ij , (1) where K ≤ min{n, N } is the number of components to be computed. When K is strictly smaller than min{n, N }, it is in general impossible to pick S and A such that the error matrix E vanishes. Therefore the algorithms aim at making E as small as possible, usually in the least squares sense. This condition on E still leaves much leeway to select the matrices S and A. The PCA method picks matrices S and A that have orthogonal columns and orthogonal rows 1 , respectively, and in such a way that r k=1 S ik A kj is the best least-squares approximation of the matrix X for all integers r in the interval [1, K]. Some degrees of freedom still remain, which correspond to the joint multiplication and division of the columns of S and the rows of A respectively. This defines a scaling indeterminacy, which can be fixed by imposing orthonormality conditions on either the columns of S or the rows of A, i.e., n k=1 S ki S ki = 1 or N k=1 A ik A ik = 1 for all i. The ICA approach was originally dedicated to the blind source separation problem, which recovers independent source signals from linear mixtures of these [1]. ICA can be generalized to model (1) and thus, selects the matrices S and A so as to maximize the statistical independence of certain variables. Random variables are, per definition, statistically independent if their conditional probabilities are equal to the " unconditional " (i.e., marginal) probabilities. In other words, random variables are independent if the value of any one variable does not carry any information on the value of any other variable. In practice, statistical independence has to be appraised by means of finite sample sets of these random variables. In the ICA setting (1), one maximizes the statistical independence between samples sets that correspond either to the columns of S or to the rows of A, A iN …