Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FPGA Realization of Transformer Impulse Fault Classification Scheme based on DWT and LVQ Neural Network

Impulse test is a routine test for transformers and is performed to assess their winding insulation strength. If any fault occur during impulse test, the winding current contain typical signature depending on the nature and type of the faults. Among the various impulse faults the series fault or shunt fault that may occur in the winding needs special attention since it results in heavy damage. This work is dedicated to detection and classification of such faults based on a simulation study conducted on the lumped parameter model of a specially designed 6.6kV voltage transformer winding. The neutral currents have been recorded with series fault/shunt fault introduced in the ten sections of the winding model simulated using circuit simulation package. These current records are discrete wavelet transformed using the db5 analysis filter bank. The statistical features extracted from the third level approximation are considered for discriminating the defined faults and are classified by training a Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) network. The clustering of the extracted discrimination features is done using possibilistic fuzzy c means (PFCM) algorithm to obtain voronoi/initial weight vectors required for training the LVQ network. The impulse fault classification achieved with this scheme is satisfactory with 95% accuracy. This scheme is developed using MATLAB. The hardware realization of this scheme is carried out using Xilinx System generator for DSP in Xilinx SPARTAN6 FPGA.
Optimal Scheduling of Heavy Tailed Traffic via Shape Parameter Estimation

In this paper we present a new scheduler, the alpha-scheduler, which performs better on heavy tailed traffic than the foreground-background (FB) scheduler which is known to be optimal in scheduling traffic which has unknown characteristics. The alpha-scheduler is able to provide a closer approximation to the shortest remaining processing time (SRPT) scheduler which is known to provide optimal scheduling in the case when the length of the packets to be scheduled is known. We are able to improve our alpha-scheduler SRPT approximation by basing our expected remaining processing time on an estimate of the shape parameter, alpha, from the standard heavy tailed Pareto complementary probability distribution function, P[X>t]=ct-alpha. We show that even using the standard sliding window least mean square estimator our scheduler exhibits improved performance over the FB scheduler. The particular scheduling problem we investigate in detail concerns the servicing of a number of ingress flows being fed by heavy tailed distributions. Each flow is characterized as having a distinct shape parameter which may change (slowly) over time. We report on numerical experiments in which we schedule generated samples with the perfect knowledge of {alphai } and experiments in which we attempt to use our Pareto shape parameter estimation methods
Every color chromakey

In this paper, we propose a region extraction method using chromakey with a two-tone checker pattern background. The proposed method solves the problem in conventional chromakey techniques that foreground objects become transparent if they have the same color with the background. The adjacency condition between two-tone regions of the background and the geometrical information of the background grid lines are utilized for extracting foreground objects. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Polarization modulation terahertz filter based on metallic fractal structures

In this paper, the terahertz transmission properties of metallic fractal structures are presented by the terahertz time domain spectroscopy and the numerical analysis based on the finite differential time domain simulation. Several metallic fractal structures including the H-shape fractal pattern and the square-hole fractal pattern are studied. The terahertz transmission spectra of these metallic fractal structures are shown at two polarization of terahertz field perpendicularly. The results show that the asymmetric metallic fractal structures such as H-shape fractal structure have an obvious polarization dependent and frequency selective transmission. The symmetric structures have no such polarization dependence. Terahertz transmission through the H-shape metallic fractal structure can be switched between the different pass bands by changing the polarization direction of terahertz field relative to the first-level fractal line. Therefore, a potential application may be to realize a polarization tunable terahertz filter based on this kind of H-shape metallic fractal structure.
Intra-articular triamcinolone hexacetonide in knee osteoarthritis: factors influencing the clinical response.

OBJECTIVE--To assess the efficacy of a single intra-articular injection of triamcinolone hexacetonide (THA) in knee osteoarthritis (OA) and examine factors which may relate to treatment efficacy. METHODS--Eighty four patients with clinical and radiographic evidence of knee OA were recruited and randomly allocated to receive either THA (20 mg in 1 ml) or placebo (0.9% normal saline, 1 ml). Follow up assessments evaluated the following outcome variables: patient opinion of overall change in the treated knee, visual analogue pain score (VAS), distance walked in one minute (WD), and Health Assessment Questionnaire modified for lower limb function (HAQ). RESULTS--Seventy eight percent of THA and 49% of placebo treated patients reported overall improvement at week 1 (p < 0.05). At week 6, improvement was reported in 57% and 55% of patient groups, respectively. VAS improved in both groups at week 1 (THA, p < 0.001; placebo, p < 0.05) and week 6 (both p < 0.01). Improvement in VAS was significantly greater among THA treated patients at week 1 only (p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis of THA treated patients revealed greater improvement in VAS among patients with clinical evidence of an effusion (p < 0.05), and those who had synovial fluid successfully aspirated at the time of injection (p < 0.01). WD improved in THA treated patients at week 1 (p < 0.001), and in both groups at week 6 (THA, p < 0.001; placebo, p < 0.01). Improvements in HAQ were seen in THA patients only at weeks 1 and 6 (p < 0.05). Regression analysis did not identify any additional clinical, radiographic, or synovial fluid characteristics which influenced the response. CONCLUSIONS--THA provided short term pain relief in knee OA. Increased benefit was associated with both clinical evidence of joint effusion and successful aspiration of synovial fluid at the time of injection.
Effect of solid solution impurities on dislocation nucleation during nanoindentation

Dislocation nucleation in solid solutions of face-centered-cubic metallic materials was studied using nanoindentation. The effects of solute impurities in the copper–nickel system on the formation of dislocations in a previously dislocation-free region were demonstrated to be minimal. The shear stress required to nucleate dislocations in copper is approximately 1.6 GPa, while in nickel a 3.9 GPa shear stress is required. Changes in shear stress for nucleation track closely with changes in elastic modulus showing the nucleation stress is approximately 1/30 to 1/20 of the shear modulus. The expected solid-solution strengthening is identified within the same experimental method, demonstrating unambiguously the fact that solid-solution impurities in this system will impact the propagation of dislocations during plastic deformation but not alter the homogeneous nucleation of dislocations in these materials.
Development of the First LRs for Macedonian: Current Projects

This paper presents in brief several ongoing projects whose aim is to develop the first LRs for Macedonian, in particular the raw corpus compiled by Prof. George Mitrevski at the Auburn University, the preparation for the compilation of a reference corpus for the Macedonian written language at the MASA (Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts), the first small annotated corpus of the Macedonian translation of the Orwells 1984, the electronic dictionary of simple words created by Aleksandar Petrovski for the Macedonian module in the frame of the corpus processing system Intex/Nooj and the Morphological dictionary developed by the LTRC (Language Technology Research Center). Further we discuss the importance of the development of the basic LRs for Macedonian as a means of preservation and a prerequisite for the creation of the first commercial language products for this Slavic language.
Experimental Reproduction of Severe Disease in CD/CD Pigs Concurrently Infected with Type 2 Porcine Circovirus and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Three-week-old cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived (CD/CD) pigs were inoculated with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2, n = 19), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV, n = 13), concurrent PCV2 and PRRSV (PCV2/PRRSV, n = 17), or a sham inoculum (n = 12) to compare the independent and combined effects of these agents. Necropsies were performed at 7, 10, 14, 21, 35, and 49 days postinoculation (dpi) or when pigs became moribund. By 10 dpi, PCV2/PRRSV-inoculated pigs had severe dyspnea, lethargy, and occasional icterus; after 10 dpi, mortality in this group was 10/11 (91%), and all PCV2/ PRRSV-inoculated pigs were dead by 20 dpi. PCV2-inoculated pigs developed lethargy and sporadic icterus, and 8/19 (42%) developed exudative epidermitis; mortality was 5/19 (26%). PRRSV-inoculated pigs developed dyspnea and mild lethargy that resolved by 28 dpi. Microscopic lesions consistent with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) were present in both PCV2- and PCV2/PRRSV-inoculated pigs and included lymphoid depletion, necrotizing hepatitis, mild necrotizing bronchiolitis, and infiltrates of macrophages that occasionally contained basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in lymphoid and other tissues. PCV2/ PRRSV-inoculated pigs also had severe proliferative interstitial pneumonia and more consistent hepatic lesions. The most severe lesions contained the greatest number of PCV2 antigen–containing cells. PRRSV-inoculated pigs had moderate proliferative interstitial pneumonia but did not develop bronchiolar or hepatic lesions or lymphoid depletion. All groups remained seronegative to porcine parvovirus. The results indicate that 1) PCV2 coinfection increases the severity of PRRSV-induced interstitial pneumonia in CD/CD pigs and 2) PCV2 but not PRRSV induces the lymphoid depletion, granulomatous inflammation, and necrotizing hepatitis characteristic of PMWS.
A Tutorial on Text-Independent Speaker Verification

This paper presents an overview of a state-of-the-art text-independent speaker verification system. First, an introduction proposes a modular scheme of the training and test phases of a speaker verification system. Then, the most commonly speech parameterization used in speaker verification, namely, cepstral analysis, is detailed. Gaussian mixture modeling, which is the speaker modeling technique used in most systems, is then explained. A few speaker modeling alternatives, namely, neural networks and support vector machines, are mentioned. Normalization of scores is then explained, as this is a very important step to deal with real-world data. The evaluation of a speaker verification system is then detailed, and the detection error trade-off (DET) curve is explained. Several extensions of speaker verification are then enumerated, including speaker tracking and segmentation by speakers. Then, some applications of speaker verification are proposed, including on-site applications, remote applications, applications relative to structuring audio information, and games. Issues concerning the forensic area are then recalled, as we believe it is very important to inform people about the actual performance and limitations of speaker verification systems. This paper concludes by giving a few research trends in speaker verification for the next couple of years.
Flexibility in locomotor–feeding integration during prey capture in varanid lizards: effects of prey size and velocity

SUMMARY Feeding movements are adjusted in response to food properties, and this flexibility is essential for omnivorous predators as food properties vary routinely. In most lizards, prey capture is no longer considered to solely rely on the movements of the feeding structures (jaws, hyolingual apparatus) but instead is understood to require the integration of the feeding system with the locomotor system (i.e. coordination of movements). Here, we investigated flexibility in the coordination pattern between jaw, neck and forelimb movements in omnivorous varanid lizards feeding on four prey types varying in length and mobility: grasshoppers, live newborn mice, adult mice and dead adult mice. We tested for bivariate correlations between 3D locomotor and feeding kinematics, and compared the jaw–neck–forelimb coordination patterns across prey types. Our results reveal that locomotor–feeding integration is essential for the capture of evasive prey, and that different jaw–neck–forelimb coordination patterns are used to capture different prey types. Jaw–neck–forelimb coordination is indeed significantly altered by the length and speed of the prey, indicating that a similar coordination pattern can be finely tuned in response to prey stimuli. These results suggest feed-forward as well as feed-back modulation of the control of locomotor–feeding integration. As varanids are considered to be specialized in the capture of evasive prey (although they retain their ability to feed on a wide variety of prey items), flexibility in locomotor–feeding integration in response to prey mobility is proposed to be a key component in their dietary specialization.
Heterogeneity of intracellular cytokine synthesis at the single-cell level in polarized T helper 1 and T helper 2 populations

CD4+ T helper (Th) cells can be classified into different types based on their cytokine profile. Cells with these polarized patterns of cytokine production have been termed Th1 and Th2, and can be distinguished functionally by the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4, respectively. These phenotypes are crucial in determining the type of immune response that develops after antigen priming. There are no surface markers that define them, and cytokine immunoassay or mRNA analysis both have limitations for characterization of single cells. Using immunofluorescent detection of intracellular IFN-gamma and IL-4, we have studied the emergence of Th1 and Th2 cells in response to antigen exposure and the patterns of cytokine synthesis in established T cell clones. IFN-gamma production by Th1 clones was detectable in almost all cells by 4 h, and it continued in most cells for > 24 h. IL- 4 production in Th2 cells peaked at 4 h, but declined rapidly. In Th0 cells containing both cytokines, fewer cells produced IFN-gamma, which did not appear until IL-4 synthesis declined. Cocultivation of clones showed no such cross-regulation. Antigen stimulation of transgenic T cells expressing an ovalbumin-specific T cell receptor generated Th2 cells, probably as a result of endogenous IL-4 production. Addition of IL-12 and/or anti-IL-4 caused Th1 cells to develop, while some Th0 cells were seen when IL-12 alone was added. These results show that stimulation in the presence of polarizing stimuli results in cells producing either IFN-gamma or IL-4, but that coproduction can occur in rare cells under defined conditions.
Comprehensive Versus Matched Psychosocial Treatment in the MTA Study: Conceptual and Empirical Issues

Addressed some factual inaccuracies and presented alternative positions on key issues raised in the article by Greene and Ablon (this issue) on the question, "What does the Multimodal Treatment Study (MTA) tell us about effective psychosocial treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? " The Greene and Ablon critique does not present for the reader's consideration the full range of findings from the MTA study, notably those most relevant to psychosocial treatment, and articulates a theoretical position that effective treatment requires matching treatment to children's assessed needs, an approach not taken in the MTA study. In this article, I present the full range of findings from the MTA study related to psychosocial treatment effects, correct the misperceptions that exist about the study based on limited reviews such as Greene and Ablon's, and review the empirical and experimental design issues that produced the decision by the MTA investigative team to study the effects of intensive, comprehensive psychosocial treatment. I argue that the questions asked by the MTA study about psychosocial treatment were important, relevant, and were addressed well in the MTA study design.
Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3 alters the expression of serologic HLA-B27 epitopes on human monocytes

The expression of serologic HLA-B27 epitopes on leukocytes of patients with reactive arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis has been shown to be modified in the course of the disease. The purpose of this work was to study whether phagocytosis of arthritis-triggering microbes in vitro alters the expression of HLA-B27 molecules on human antigen-presenting cells and to characterize the underlying mechanisms. Human monocytes and HLA-B27- or HLA-A2-transfected human U-937 cells were exposed to Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3. The expression of different epitopes of HLA-B27 was monitored by using immunofluorescence, and their synthesis was determined by quantitative immunoprecipitation. Our results show that phagocytosis of Y. enterocolitica serotype O:3 changed the expression of serological HLA-B27 epitopes. This was due to the reduced synthesis of HLA-B27 molecules. The expression of especially the epitopes which depend on the presence of peptides in the antigen-binding groove was changed. The expression of the ME1 epitope, which has been shown to be important for T-cell recognition in patients with reactive arthritis, was decreased. Down-regulation of epitopes important for the T-cell recognition may impair the elimination of arthritis-triggering microbes and lead to persistent infection. In addition, Y. enterocolitica serotype O:3 seemed to alter the repertoire of peptides presented by the HLA-B27 molecules on human monocytes. This may have a role in the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis via an autoimmune mechanism.
Preclinical Evaluation of the Accuracy of HIFU Treatments Using a Tumor‐Mimic Model. Results of Animal Experiments

Presented in this paper is a tumor‐mimic model that allows the evaluation at a preclinical stage of the targeting accuracy of HIFU treatments in the liver. The tumor‐mimics were made by injecting a warm mixture of agarose, cellulose, and glycerol that polymerizes immediately in hepatic tissue and forms a 1 cm discrete lesion that is detectable by ultrasound imaging and gross pathology. Three studies were conducted: (i) in vitro experiments were conducted to study acoustical proprieties of the tumor‐mimics, (ii) animal experiments were conducted in ten pigs to evaluate the tolerance of the tumor‐mimics at mid‐term (30 days), (iii) ultrasound‐guided HIFU ablation has been performed in ten pigs with tumor‐mimics to demonstrate that it is possible to treat a predetermined zone accurately. The attenuation of tumor‐mimics was 0.39 dB.cm‐1 at 1 MHz, the ultrasound propagation velocity was 1523 m.s‐1, and the acoustic impedance was 1.8 MRayls. The pigs tolerated tumor‐mimics and treatment well over the experiment.
Interneuron Development and Epilepsy: Early Genetic Defects Cause Long-Term Consequences in Seizures and Susceptibility

Errors in the generation of the inhibitory GABAergic interneurons of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus have variable consequences. Studies of the molecular pathways of interneuron development reveal genes that are associated with human epilepsies. Animal models of gene variants exhibit seizures and abnormal electroencephalographic activity, providing unique models for discovering better treatments for individual forms of epilepsy.
Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic activity of sonochemical/hydration–dehydration prepared ZnO rod-like architecture nano/microstructures assisted by a biotemplate

ABSTRACT ZnO nanoparticles of rod-like architecture have excellent potential to be used in wastewater treatment as a photocatalyst. They were synthesized by utilizing sonochemical/hydration- dehydration techniques using glutamine as a biotemplate. The effects of calcination temperatures, that is, 300°C, 500°C, and 700°C, on the crystallinity, optical properties, and photocatalytic activity of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that all calcinated samples have a crystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure. Morphology and elemental compositions were investigated using field emission-scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The XRD and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra revealed that the samples were amorphous at 100°C; however, it changed into a crystalline structure amid the calcination process. Optical properties were determined using a UV-visible reflection spectrophotometer and showed abatement in the band gap with increasing annealing temperature. The progress of the photocatalytic degradation was monitored by a UV-visible spectrophotometer, while the mineralization ability was estimated by total organic carbon tests of ZnO-calcinated samples. The effect of various operational parameters the photocatalytic efficiency and rate of dye degradation was studied. High photocatalytic degradation of maxilon blue dye (GRL) was found at pH 6.3.
Acceleration Methods for Numeric CSPs

This paper introduces a new way of accelerating the convergence of numeric CSP filtering algorithms, through the use of extrapolation methotis. Extrapolation methods are used in numerical analysis to accelerate the convergence of real number sequences. We will show how to use them for solving numeric sPs, leading to drastic improvement in efficiency.
On a Class of Extremal Trees for Various Indices

It was recently shown that an interesting class of trees maximizes the Merriﬁeld-Simmons index and minimizes the Hosoya index and energy among all trees with given number of vertices and maximum degree. In this paper, we describe how these trees (which we will call F-trees) can be constructed algorithmically by means of so-called F-expansions, which are very similar to ordinary based digital expansions. Our algorithms are illustrated by various examples. Furthermore, some more properties of F-trees are described and numerical data is provided.