Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two-color photoassociation spectroscopy of ytterbium atoms and the precise determinations of s -wave scattering lengths

By performing high-resolution two-color photoassociation spectroscopy, we have successfully determined the binding energies of several of the last bound states of the homonuclear dimers of six different isotopes of ytterbium. These spectroscopic data are in excellent agreement with theoretical calculations based on a simple model potential, which very precisely predicts the $s$-wave scattering lengths of all 28 pairs of the seven stable isotopes. The $s$-wave scattering lengths for collision of two atoms of the same isotopic species are 13.33(18) nm for $^{168}\text{Y}\text{b}$, 3.38(11) nm for $^{170}\text{Y}\text{b}$, $\ensuremath{-}0.15(19)\text{ }\text{nm}$ for $^{171}\text{Y}\text{b}$, $\ensuremath{-}31.7(3.4)\text{ }\text{nm}$ for $^{172}\text{Y}\text{b}$, 10.55(11) nm for $^{173}\text{Y}\text{b}$, 5.55(8) nm for $^{174}\text{Y}\text{b}$, and $\ensuremath{-}1.28(23)\text{ }\text{nm}$ for $^{176}\text{Y}\text{b}$. The coefficient of the lead term of the long-range van der Waals potential of the ${\text{Yb}}_{2}$ molecule is ${C}_{6}=1932(30)$ atomic units $({E}_{h}{a}_{0}^{6}\ensuremath{\approx}9.573\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}26}\text{ }\text{J}\text{ }{\text{nm}}^{6})$.
Analysis of count data with covariate dependence in both mean and variance

Extended Poisson process modelling is generalised to allow for covariate-dependent dispersion as well as a covariate-dependent mean response. This is done by a re-parameterisation that uses approximate expressions for the mean and variance. Such modelling allows under- and over-dispersion, or a combination of both, in the same data set to be accommodated within the same modelling framework. All the necessary calculations can be done numerically, enabling maximum likelihood estimation of all model parameters to be carried out. The modelling is applied to re-analyse two published data sets, where there is evidence of covariate-dependent dispersion, with the modelling leading to more informative analyses of these data and more appropriate measures of the precision of any estimates.
Limit Laws for Functions of Fringe trees for Binary Search Trees and Recursive Trees

We prove limit theorems for sums of functions of subtrees of binary search trees and random recursive trees. In particular, we give simple new proofs of the fact that the number of fringe trees of size $ k=k_n $ in the binary search tree and the random recursive tree (of total size $ n $) asymptotically has a Poisson distribution if $ k\rightarrow\infty $, and that the distribution is asymptotically normal for $ k=o(\sqrt{n}) $. Furthermore, we prove similar results for the number of subtrees of size $ k $ with some required property $ P $, for example the number of copies of a certain fixed subtree $ T $. Using the Cram\'er-Wold device, we show also that these random numbers for different fixed subtrees converge jointly to a multivariate normal distribution. As an application of the general results, we obtain a normal limit law for the number of $\ell$-protected nodes in a binary search tree or random recursive tree. The proofs use a new version of a representation by Devroye, and Stein's method (for both normal and Poisson approximation) together with certain couplings.
Quantum frieze patterns in quantum cluster algebras of type A

We introduce a quantisation of the Coxeter-Conway frieze patterns and prove that they realise quantum cluster variables in quantum cluster algebras associated with linearly oriented Dynkin quivers of type A. As an application, we obtain the explicit polynomials arising from the lower bound phenomenon in these quantum cluster algebras.
Robust Constraint Satisfaction: Invariant Sets and Predictive Control

Set invariance plays a fundamental role in the design of control systems for constrained systems since the constraints can be satisfied for all time if and only if the initial state is contained inside an invariant set. This thesis is concerned with robust set invariance theory and its application to guaranteeing feasibility in model predictive control. In the first part of this thesis, some of the main ideas in set invariance theory are brought together and placed in a general, nonlinear setting. The key ingredients in computing robust controllable and invariant sets are identified and discussed. Following this, linear systems with parametric uncertainty and state disturbances are considered and algorithms for computing the respective robust controllable and invariant sets are described. In addition to discussing linear systems, an algorithm for computing the robust controllable sets for piecewise affine systems with state disturbances is described. In the second part, the ideas from set invariance are applied to the problem of guaranteeing feasibility and robust constraint satisfaction in Model Predictive Control (MPC). A new sufficient condition is derived for guaranteeing feasibility of a given MPC scheme. The effect of the choice of horizons and constraints on the feasible set of the MPC controller is also investigated. Following this, a necessary and sufficient condition is derived for determining whether a given MPC controller is robustly feasible. The use of a robustness constraint for designing robust MPC controllers is discussed and it is shown how this proposed scheme can be used to guarantee robust constraint satisfaction for linear systems with parametric uncertainty and state disturbances. A new necessary and sufficient condition as well as some new sufficient conditions are derived for guaranteeing that the proposed MPC scheme is robustly feasible. The third part of this thesis is concerned with recovering from constraint violations. An algorithm is presented for designing soft-constrained MPC controllers which guarantee constraint satisfaction, if possible. Finally, a mixed-integer programming approach is described for finding a solution which minimises the number of violations in a set of prioritised constraints.
Demazure modules and Weyl modules: the twisted current case

We study finite-dimensional respresentations of twisted current algebras and show that any graded twisted Weyl module is isomorphic to level one Demazure modules for the twisted affine Kac-Moody algebra. Using the tensor product property of Demazure modules, we obtain, by analyzing the fundamental Weyl modules, dimension and character formulas. Moreover, we prove that graded twisted Weyl modules can be obtained by taking the associated graded modules of Weyl modules for the loop algebra, which implies that its dimension and classical character are independent of the support and depend only on its classical highest weight. These results were previously known for untwisted current algebras and are new for all twisted types.
Environmental Health Indicators for China: Data Resources for Chinese Environmental Public Health Tracking

Summary Many developed countries use environmental public health tracking to gain a better understanding of the link between environmental hazards and public health. To respond to complicated environmental health issues, the National Institute of Environmental Health (NIEH), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), has begun to build a Chinese Environmental Public Health Tracking (CEPHT) system. On behalf of the CEPHT, authors provide insight into the CEPHT’s development, current status, and future plans. In the initial stage of CEPHT, an indicator framework linking environment and public health that included a list of publicly available data sources regarding environmental hazards, public health outcomes, and risk factors in China was developed. An analysis of data availability, along with a comparison between CEPHT’s indicator system and other tracking networks, revealed the existence of barriers and gaps in data integration that affect China’s ability to track environmental public health. The lack of access to data, combined with inadequate data quality, has led to difficulties linking environmental hazards to their effects on public health. Current CEPHT efforts will help integrate environmental factors and exposure data with public health outcomes. For the near future, CEPHT plans to focus on increasing collaboration among data tracking agencies, improving data quality, and expanding proper data sharing. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4319
Asymptotic behavior of solutions of a free boundary problem modeling the growth of tumors with fluid-like tissue under the action of inhibitors

In this paper we study a free boundary problem modeling the growth of tumors with fluid-like tissue under the action of inhibitors. The model includes two elliptic equations describing the concentration of nutrients and inhibitors, respectively, and a Stokes equation for the fluid velocity and internal pressure. By employing the functional approach, analytic semigroup theory and Cui’s local phase theorem for parabolic differential equations with invariance, we prove that if a radial stationary solution is asymptotically stable under radial perturbations, then there exists a non-negative threshold value γ∗ such that if γ > γ∗, then it keeps asymptotically stable under non-radial perturbations. While if 0 < γ < γ∗, then the radial stationary solution is unstable and, in particular, there exists a center-stable manifold such that if the transient solution exists globally and is contained in a sufficiently small neighborhood of the radial stationary solution, then it converges exponentially to this radial stationary solution (modulo translations) and its translation lies on the center-stable manifold. The result indicates an interesting phenomenon that an increasing inhibitor uptake has a positive effect on the tumor’s treatment and can promote the tumor’s stability.
Highest coefficient of scalar products in SU(3)-invariant integrable models

We study SU(3)-invariant integrable models solvable by nested algebraic Bethe ansatz. Scalar products of Bethe vectors in such models can be expressed in terms of a bilinear combination of their highest coefficients. We obtain various different representations for the highest coefficient in terms of sums over partitions. We also obtain multiple integral representations for the highest coefficient.
Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Low-temperature Sintered K0.48Na0.52NbO3 Piezoelectric Ceramics

A low-temperature sintering method of (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3 ceramics was developed by co-doping of Co2O3 and ZnO, and the sintering behavior and electrical properties of the ceramics were studied. The results show that the addition of Co2O3 and ZnO is very effective to improve the density and sinterability, and the ceramics could be well sintered at 950°C as compared with pure KNN ceramics sintered at 1120°C. The excellent properties of ρ = 4.36 g/cm3, d 33 = 108 pC/N, k p = 33.3 %, Q m = 177, P r = 22 μC/cm2, and E c = 13.7 kV/cm were obtained in (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3-0.1mol%Co2O3-1mol%ZnO ceramic sintered at 950°C.
d0 ferromagnetism in undoped sphalerite ZnS nanoparticles

We report the sulfur vacancies-related d0 ferromagnetism in undoped sphalerite ZnS nanoparticles. Systematically tune of sulfur deficiency in ZnS nanoparticles was done by selecting different synthesized temperatures and varying the ratio of hydrogen and argon in post-annealing processes. Our study suggests that such sulfur vacancies can induce the room temperature ferromagnetism. Importantly, the ferromagnetism can be modulated by changing the concentration of sulfur vacancies in the samples. This finding should be the focus of future electronic and spintronic devices.
A new distorted body-centred cubic phase of titanium (δ-Ti) at pressures up to 220 GPa

Structural phase transitions of titanium (Ti) have been investigated at pressures up to 220 GPa at room temperature using a monochromatic synchrotron x-ray diffraction technique. At 140 GPa, the hexagonal phase (ω-Ti) was transformed into an orthorhombic phase (δ-Ti) with a distorted bcc structure via an intermediate phase (γ-Ti), which has recently been proposed. The δ-Ti and γ-Ti phases had a unique zigzag-chain-like structure, which resulted from an orthorhombic distortion.
Deep Learning Based Speech Synthesis | Encyclopedia

Speech synthesis, more specifically known as text-to-speech (TTS), is a comprehensive technology that involves many disciplines such as acoustics, linguistics, digital signal processing and statistics. The main task is to convert text input into speech output. With the development of speech synthesis technologies, from the previous formant based parametric synthesis , waveform concatenation based methods to the current statistical parametric speech synthesis (SPSS) , the intelligibility and naturalness of the synthesized speech have been improved greatly. However, there is still a long way to go before computers can generate natural speech with high naturalness and expressiveness like that produced by human beings. The main reason is that the existing methods are based on shallow models that contain only one-layer nonlinear transformation units, such as hidden Markov models (HMMs) and maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) . Related studies show that shallow models have good performance on data with less complicated internal structures and weak constraints. However, when dealing with the data having complex internal structures in the real world (e.g., speech, natural language, image, video, etc.), the representation capability of shallow models will be restricted.
Temperature dependence of the resistance of magnetic tunnel junctions with MgO barrier

The temperature dependent tunneling resistance of magnetic tunnel junctions with MgO barriers was characterized. In the junctions prepared by magnetron sputtering, the tunnel magnetoresistance decreases with increasing temperature. Various contributions to the tunnel conductance are discussed using different models. Not only the direct elastic tunneling contributes to the temperature dependence of tunnel magnetoresistance, but also the assisted, spin-independent tunneling plays an important role in determining the temperature dependent behavior in our magnetic tunneling junctions. The process is further investigated assuming magnon and phonon assisted tunneling and compared to junctions with alumina tunnel barrier.
Polyadenylate-binding protein–interacting proteins PAIP1 and PAIP2 affect translation termination

Polyadenylate-binding protein (PABP) stimulates translation termination via interaction of its C-terminal domain with eukaryotic polypeptide chain release factor, eRF3. Additionally, two other proteins, poly(A)-binding protein-interacting proteins 1 and 2 (PAIP1 and PAIP2), bind the same domain of PABP and regulate its translation-related activity. To study the biochemistry of eRF3 and PAIP1/2 competition for PABP binding, we quantified the effects of PAIPs on translation termination in the presence or absence of PABP. Our results demonstrated that both PAIP1 and PAIP2 prevented translation termination at the premature termination codon, by controlling PABP activity. Moreover, PAIP1 and PAIP2 inhibited the activity of free PABP on translation termination in vitro. However, after binding the poly(A) tail, PABP became insensitive to suppression by PAIPs and efficiently activated translation termination in the presence of eRF3a. Additionally, we revealed that PAIP1 binds eRF3 in solution, which stabilizes the post-termination complex. These results indicated that PAIP1 and PAIP2 participate in translation termination and are important regulators of readthrough at the premature termination codon.
Second Order BSDEs with Jumps: Formulation and Uniqueness

In this paper, we define a notion of second-order backward stochastic differential equations with jumps (2BSDEJs for short), which generalizes the continuous case considered by Soner, Touzi and Zhang [ Probab. Theory Related Fields 153 (2012) 149–190]. However, on the contrary to their formulation, where they can define pathwise the density of quadratic variation of the canonical process, in our setting, the compensator of the jump measure associated to the jumps of the canonical process, which is the counterpart of the density in the continuous case, depends on the underlying probability measures. Then in our formulation of 2BSDEJs, the generator of the 2BSDEJs depends also on the underlying probability measures through the compensator. But the solution to the 2BSDEJs can still be defined universally. Moreover, we obtain a representation of the Y component of a solution of a 2BSDEJ as a supremum of solutions of standard backward SDEs with jumps, which ensures the uniqueness of the solution.
10% efficiency solar thermophotovoltaic systems using spectrally controlled monolithic planar absorber/emitters

In solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) generation systems, the thermal radiation from emitters heated by the high temperature solar absorbers is converted into electricity at a photovoltaic (PV) cell. STPV systems have some advantages over PV generation systems. For instance, it is possible to control the thermal radiation spectrum of the emitter. Generally, the PV cell has an inherent sensitive region where an incident photon excites the electron. Enhancing the thermal radiation in this sensitive region of the PV cell, therefore, increases the generation efficiency. Theoretically, the efficiency of STPV systems can reach up to 85% when Carnot efficiency is considered and up to 45% when a monochromatic radiation releasing emitter is used. However, the experimental STPV system is less efficient than theoretical one as a consequence of the large amount of heat loss from the high-temperature absorber/emitter system. The purpose of this study is to achieve a high-efficiency STPV generation system using a monolithic planar spectrally selective absorber/emitter. The temperature superiority of the monolithic planar absorber/emitter is estimated by using spectral and thermal properties of STPV system components. Using the enitre configuration of the STPV system, a system efficiency of over 10% is estimated in this study.
Designing an EOS chip with SDP

As is known, Ethernet has gained great popularity in LAN (local area network). Meanwhile, SDH/SONET is the backbone of today’s communication networks. Then, how to exchange information between Ethernets located in different regions over SDH/SONET is becoming a hotspot. This paper provides a single chip solution of Ethernet transmission over SDH/SONET (EOS), which supports up to thirty-two 10/100Mbit/s Ethernet ports or four 1000Mbit/s Ethernet ports over 2.5Gbit/s SDH/SONET. On designing of this EOS chip, we also present a packet loss policy called SDP (Selective Dropping Policy) to perform flow control, which can actively select packets to drop as the packet buffer overflows. Up to now, we have developed two policies of SDP: LPF (Longest Packet First) and LSPF (Least Significant Packet First). Simulation results show that with LPF, the average packet loss rate (PLR) of the overall system can be cut down significantly without increasing the buffer storage, and with LSPF, the packets of the least important group will be discarded discriminately in the case of overflow to lower average PLRs of other groups. Moreover, SDP can cooperate with Ethernet's Backpressure Mechanism fairly well and be implemented easily on chip.
Fabrication and characterization of FeRh nanoparticles

The magnetic and structural properties of FexRh100−x (x=35–80) nanoparticles fabricated by a solution phase chemical method have been studied systematically. From x-ray diffraction results, as-deposited nanoparticles of FeRh reveal a chemically disordered fcc structure which can be transformed into CsCl-type structure through thermal annealing. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy observations of FeRh nanoparticles indicate that the average size of 3–5nm in as-deposited state and larger size (10–15nm) particles are also distributed in the annealed sate. Nanoparticles with x=35–55 exhibit the behaviors of magnetization with temperature, which suggests the transition from the AFM to FM phases at around 100–200°C, whereas those with x=80 do very little change of magnetization with temperature. It is also found that there seems an effect of applied magnetic field on transition, that is, the transition temperature is shifted to a lower side upon the application of magnetic field during the tran.
Boundary behaviour of open discrete mappings on Riemannian manifolds

The paper is concerned with problems of continuous extension of certain classes of mappings on Riemannian manifolds to boundary points of a given domain. In particular, the so-called ring mappings are shown to be continuously extendable to an isolated boundary point. Analogous theorems are also derived under more general conditions on the boundaries of the given and the target domains. As an application of the machinery thus developed, an arbitrary open discrete boundary-preserving mapping from the Orlicz-Sobolev class is shown to extend continuously to an isolated boundary point. Bibliography: 40 titles.
Roads and wheels

San Francisco's Exploratorium contains an intriguing exhibit of a square wheel that rolls smoothly on a road made up of linked, inverted catenaries (see FIGURE 4). That exhibit inspired us to generate a computer animation of a rolling square and further explore the relationship between the shapes of wheels and roads on which they roll. In a sense, we are bringing up to date the paper by G. Robison [4], showing how much more can be done, both numerically and graphically, with modern computer hardware and software. The problem of the square wheel has been rediscovered and solved several times; see [5, 7]. All the diagrams and animations were prepared in Mathematica. Our package that generated the diagrams and the associated animations (see Section 5) can be obtained by sending a Macintosh disk to one of the authors. It is noteworthy that some of the results of this paper, in particular the discovery of a cycloidal locus generated by a noncircular wheel, were discovered only after viewing certain graphics. Mathematica was also used to do all the symbolic integrations that occur. For further applications of symbolic and graphic computation to wheel/road problems, in particular, a complete discussion of the cycloid, see [6, Chapter 2]. The paper is organized as follows. Section 1 discusses the theory and the fundamental differential equation. Section 2 contains many closed-form examples. Section 3 shows how numerically approximating the solution to the differential equation is an excellent approach to diverse examples, even those solvable in closed form. Section 4 squares the circle by considering Fourier approximations to the catenary. And Section 5 discusses the Mathematica package that we built.
Modelling charge transport lengths in heterojunction solar cells

A drift-diffusion model is used to estimate the minority carrier transport length and depletion width in heterojunction solar cells from measured external quantum efficiency (EQE) data. The model is applied to Cu2O-ZnO heterojunctions synthesized by electrodeposition and thermal oxidation, and the electron drift and diffusion lengths are estimated: Ldrift ≈ 110 nm for electrodeposited Cu2O and Ldrift ≈ 2790 nm and Ldiff ≈ 310 nm for thermally oxidized Cu2O. Better fitting of EQE data is obtained than with traditional models that neglect recombination in the depletion region.
Radiation field for Einstein vacuum equations with spacial dimension $n\geq 4$

In this paper, the radiation field is defined for solutions to Einstein vacuum equations which are close to Minkowski space-time with spacial dimension $n\geq 4$. The regularity properties and asymptotic behavior of those Einstein vacuum solutions are established at the same time. In particular, the map from Cauchy intial data to the radiation field is proved to be an isomorphism when restricting to a small neighborhood of Minkowski data in suitable weighted b-Sobolev spaces.