Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of the Principles of Seismic Geomorphology to Continental Slope and Base-of-Slope Systems

The study of near-seafloor deepwater landscapes and the processes that form them are as important to the understanding of deeply buried marine depositional systems as the study of modern fluvial environments is to our understanding of ancient terrestrial depositional systems. In fact, these near-seafloor studies follow in the great tradition established by earlier clastic sedimentologists in the use of modern systems to understand ancient environments. The acquisition and mapping of exploration 3D seismic surveys over the last few decades allows for the study of seafloor geomorphology with a spatial resolution comparable to most deepwater multibeam bathymetric tools, and represents a significant advancement that can be used to push forward general understanding of slope and base-of-slope depositional systems through the application of the emerging science of seismic geomorphology. The papers assembled for this volume demonstrate the utility of seafloor-to-shallow subsurface data sets in studying the development of submarine landscapes and their affiliated sedimentary deposits. These contributions highlight the controls of slope morphology on patterns of both sedimentation and erosion. Many of the papers also highlight the influence of pre-existing seafloor relief on confining sediment-gravity flows specific transport pathways, thereby affecting subsequent evolution of the seafloor. The understanding of depositional processes that comes from studying deepwater analogue systems remains the best way take to knowledge from one basin or system and apply confidently to another for prediction and characterization of reservoirs for exploration and production of hydrocarbons.
Early Holocene Laurentide Ice Sheet deglaciation causes cooling in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere through oceanic teleconnection

The impact of the early Holocene Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) deglaciation on the climate at Southern Hemisphere high latitudes is studied in three transient simulations performed with a global climate model of the coupled atmosphere-ocean-vegetation system. Considering the LIS deglaciation, we quantify separately the impacts of the background meltwater fluxes and the changes in topography and surface albedo. In our model, the meltwater input into the North Atlantic results in a substantial weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, associated with absence of deep convection in the Labrador Sea. Northward ocean heat transport by the Atlantic Ocean is reduced by 28%. This weakened ocean circulation leads to cooler North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). Upwelling of this cool NADW in the Southern Ocean results in reduced surface temperatures (by 1 degrees C to 2 degrees C) here between 9 and 7 ka compared to an experiment without LIS deglaciation. Poleward of the polar front zone, this advective teleconnection between the Southern and Northern hemispheres overwhelms the effect of the "classical" bipolar seesaw mechanism. These results provide an explanation for the relatively cold climatic conditions between 9 and 7 ka reconstructed in several proxy records from Southern Hemisphere high latitudes, such as Antarctic ice cores.
Tidal oscillations of the Arctic upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere in winter

The upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere of the northern polar cap was investigated using Fabry-Perot interferometer measurements of the horizontal wind velocity in the lower thermosphere, meridian scanning photometer observations of atomic oxygen green line brightness in the lower thermosphere, and Michelson interferometer records of the infrared Meinel OH bands brightness and rotational temperature in the upper mesosphere. Tidal airglow oscillations in the absence of local solar heating were studied using a superposed epoch analysis of observations obtained around three new-Moon intervals (November 9-22, 1993, December 7-20, 1993, and January 4-17, 1994) in Eureka (80°N). Tidal harmonics were uncovered with an iterated least chi-squared fit, and their existence in the data tested using a goodness-of-fit probability against a null hypothesis of no oscillations. No single dominant tide was found at all times and altitudes of the winter Arctic upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The horizontal wind velocity of the lower thermosphere exhibited all the first three harmonics of the tide, with the largest-amplitude oscillations shown by the diurnal component of the meridional wave speed. The atmospheric layer near the mesopause that contributes to the OH airglow emission experienced terdiurnal oscillations throughout the winter season. Theoretical polarization relations for evanescent tides, considerations of energy density propagation with altitude, and a day-by-day analysis of the zonal and meridional wind speed and temperature all indicate that the terdiurnal tide observed on November was an evanescent zonally symmetric tide. Other data indicate propagating tides, migrating tides, or a mixture of both.
Evaluating the dual‐boundary forcing concept in subsurface–land surface interactions of the hydrological cycle

Subsurface and land surface processes (e.g. groundwater flow, evapotranspiration) of the hydrological cycle are connected via complex feedback mechanisms, which are difficult to analyze and quantify. In this study, the dual‐boundary forcing concept that reveals space–time coherence between groundwater dynamics and land surface processes is evaluated. The underlying hypothesis is that a simplified representation of groundwater dynamics may alter the variability of land surface processes, which may eventually affect the prognostic capability of a numerical model. A coupled subsurface–land surface model ParFlow.CLM is applied over the Rur catchment, Germany, and the mass and energy fluxes of the coupled water and energy cycles are simulated over three consecutive years considering three different lower boundary conditions (dynamic, constant, and free‐drainage) based on groundwater dynamics to substantiate the aforementioned hypothesis. Continuous wavelet transform technique is applied to analyze scale‐dependent variability of the simulated mass and energy fluxes. The results show clear differences in temporal variability of latent heat flux simulated by the model configurations with different lower boundary conditions at monthly to multi‐month time scales (~32–91 days) especially under soil moisture limited conditions. The results also suggest that temporal variability of latent heat flux is affected at even smaller time scales (~1–3 days) if a simple gravity drainage lower boundary condition is considered in the coupled model. This study demonstrates the importance of a physically consistent representation of groundwater dynamics in a numerical model, which may be important to consider in local weather prediction models and water resources assessments, e.g. drought prediction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cloudiness variations in Łódź in the second half of the 20th century

In Łódź, the total cloud cover has significantly decreased in the second half of the 20th century. This change is opposite to that of the low‐level cloud cover in the warm part of the year. But the most important are variations in frequencies of different cloud types. The stratiform clouds, St and Ns, became less frequent, whereas the convective ones, Cu and Cb, became more frequent. The rise in Ac and high‐level clouds and the fall in As clouds were also observed. These changes are consistent with other observations in central and eastern Europe. Because different cloud types are created in different conditions, their variability is a valuable tool for assessment of changes in processes taking place in the troposphere. Such reorganization in cloud types distribution indicates significant changes in the vertical structure of the troposphere: fall of the frequency of temperature inversions in the lower troposphere and stronger lapse rate. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Understanding erosion rates in the Himalayan orogen: A case study from the Arun Valley

Understanding the rates and pattern of erosion is a key aspect of deciphering the impacts of climate and tectonics on landscape evolution. Denudation rates derived from terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides (TCNs) are commonly used to quantify erosion and bridge tectonic (Myr) and climatic (up to several kiloyears) time scales. However, how the processes of erosion in active orogens are ultimately reflected in 10Be TCN samples remains a topic of discussion. We investigate this problem in the Arun Valley of eastern Nepal with 34 new 10Be‐derived catchment‐mean denudation rates. The Arun Valley is characterized by steep north‐south gradients in topography and climate. Locally, denudation rates increase northward, from <0.2 mm yr−1 to ~1.5 mm yr−1 in tributary samples, while main stem samples appear to increase downstream from ~0.2 mm yr−1 at the border with Tibet to 0.91 mm yr−1 in the foreland. Denudation rates most strongly correlate with normalized channel steepness (R2 = 0.67), which has been commonly interpreted to indicate tectonic activity. Significant downstream decrease of 10Be concentration in the main stem Arun suggests that upstream sediment grains are fining to the point that they are operationally excluded from the processed sample. This results in 10Be concentrations and denudation rates that do not uniformly represent the upstream catchment area. We observe strong impacts on 10Be concentrations from local, nonfluvial geomorphic processes, such as glaciation and landsliding coinciding with areas of peak rainfall rates, pointing toward climatic modulation of predominantly tectonically driven denudation rates.
The effect of exercise intensity on circulating hepatokine concentrations in healthy men

31 Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), 2 32 (LECT2) are novel hepatokines which are modulated by metabolic stresses. This study 33 investigated whether exercise intensity modulates the hepatokine response to acute exercise. 34 Ten young, healthy men undertook three 8-h experimental trials: moderate-intensity exercise 35 (MOD; 55% V̇ O 2 peak), high-intensity exercise (HIGH; 75% V̇ O 2 peak) and control (CON; 36 rest), in a randomised, counterbalanced order. Exercise trials commenced with a treadmill run 37 of varied duration to match gross exercise energy expenditure between trials (MOD vs HIGH; 38 2475 ± 70 vs 2488 ± 58 kJ). Circulating FGF21, follistatin, LECT2, glucagon, insulin, glucose 39 and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured before exercise and at 0, 1, 2, 4 and 7 h 40 post-exercise. 41 Plasma FGF21 concentrations were increased up to 4 h post-exercise compared to CON ( P ≤ 42 0.022) with greater increases observed at 1, 2 and 4 h post-exercise during HIGH vs MOD ( P 43 ≤ 0.025). Irrespective of intensity ( P ≥ 0.606), plasma follistatin concentrations were elevated 44 at 4 and 7 h post-exercise ( P ≤ 0.053). Plasma LECT2 concentrations were increased 45 immediately post-exercise ( P ≤ 0.046) but were not significant after correcting for plasma 46 volume shifts. Plasma glucagon (1 h; P = 0.032) and NEFA (4 and 7 h; P ≤ 0.029) responses 47 to exercise were accentuated in HIGH vs MOD. 48 These findings demonstrate that acute exercise augments circulating FGF21 and follistatin. 49 Exercise-induced changes in FGF21 are intensity-dependent and may support the greater 50 metabolic benefit of high-intensity exercise.
Space—time heterogeneity in aftershock activity

SUMMARY For a number of aftershock sequences in and around Japan, we examine detrended space–time coordinates after fitting the Omori–Utsu occurrence rate to each aftershock sequence. The case studies in conjunction with the fault locations and orientations of the main shocks and focal large aftershocks indicate that the region of deficit and surplus in the aftershock activity well corresponds to the decreased and increased region of Coulomb failure stress, respectively, caused by various aseismic slips. We illustrate the relation between the transient stress changes and the anomalous aftershock activity in a local subregion by six scenarios derived from the rate and state dependent friction law of Dietrich.
Hydrocarbon gas hydrates in sediments of the Mississippi Canyon area, Northern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract The Gulf of Mexico Hydrates Research Consortium has begun installing a seafloor observatory to monitor gas hydrate outcrops and the hydrate stability zone in Mississippi Canyon Area Lease Block 118. Relevant background information concerning the Mississippi Canyon Area and gas hydrate occurrences in the northern Gulf of Mexico is presented. Microbial influences and possible scenarios of hydrate accumulation are considered. The design of the observatory was based on field data recorded in the Mississippi Canyon Area, principally lease block 118 (MC118) and the vicinity of lease block 798 (MC798). Swath bathymetry by autonomous underwater vehicle played a large part, as did seismic imaging within the hydrate stability zone and core sampling. These data and the results of their analyses are discussed in detail. Discussion and interim conclusions are presented.
A minimum thermodynamic model for the bipolar seesaw

[1] The simplest possible model is proposed to explain a large fraction of the millennial climate variability measured in the isotopic composition of Antarctic ice cores. The model results from the classic bipolar seesaw by coupling it to a heat reservoir. In this "thermal bipolar seesaw" the heat reservoir convolves northern time signals with a characteristic timescale. Applying the model to the data of GRIP and Byrd, we demonstrate that maximum correlation can be obtained using a timescale of about 1000-1500 years. Higher correlations are obtained by first filtering out the long-term variability which is due to astronomical and greenhouse gas forcing and not part of the thermal bipolar seesaw. The model resolves the apparent confusion whether northern and southern climate records are in or out of phase, synchronous, or time lagged.
Heat transport by ocean currents

Several authors have calculated the heat transport by ocean currents from maps of heat budget components. Their results suggest the importance of the energy transported by ocean currents, which at some latitudes exceeds one-third that transported by the atmosphere. This and the recent appearance of new maps of the heat budget components gave rise to this paper. We compute the heat flux divergence for the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans separately. The heat budget method is used to compute the heat flux divergence. By Green's theorem the meridional heat transport can be computed by integrating the heat flux divergence with respect to area. As the necessary boundary conditions we take for all oceans the heat transport across 70°S to be zero. In general, the heat flux divergence curves and the heat transport curve agree well with those given previously. A deviation from earlier results is noted for the North Pacific. Any differences are due to the new values of the heat flux divergence. For the first time heat flux divergence curves are given for the Indian and Pacific oceans separately. Of particular interest are the large values of the heat flux divergence in the northern Indian Ocean. The components in the heat budget of the oceans are, however, subject to some error in measurement, especially the radiation balance of the earth's surface. The relative consistency of the results obtained by this method gives us some confidence in their validity.
Interactions between nutrients in the maternal diet and the implications for the long-term health of the offspring

Nutritional science has traditionally used the reductionist approach to understand the roles of individual nutrients in growth and development. The macronutrient dense but micronutrient poor diets consumed by many in the Western world may not result in an overt deficiency; however, there may be situations where multiple mild deficiencies combine with excess energy to alter cellular metabolism. These interactions are especially important in pregnancy as changes in early development modify the risk of developing non-communicable diseases later in life. Nutrient interactions affect all stages of fetal development, influencing endocrine programming, organ development and the epigenetic programming of gene expression. The rapidly developing field of stem cell metabolism reveals new links between cellular metabolism and differentiation. This review will consider the interactions between nutrients in the maternal diet and their influence on fetal development, with particular reference to energy metabolism, amino acids and the vitamins in the B group.
High‐resolution 3‐D P wave attenuation structure of the New Madrid Seismic Zone using local earthquake tomography

A three‐dimensional (3‐D), high‐resolution P wave seismic attenuation model for the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) is determined using P wave path attenuation (t*) values of small‐magnitude earthquakes (MD < 3.9). Events were recorded at 89 broadband and short‐period seismometers of the Cooperative New Madrid Seismic Zone Network and 40 short‐period seismometers of the Portable Array for Numerical Data Acquisition experiment. The amplitude spectra of all the earthquakes are simultaneously inverted for source, path (t*), and site parameters. The t* values are inverted for QP using local earthquake tomography methods and a known 3‐D P wave velocity model for the region. The four major seismicity arms of the NMSZ exhibit reduced QP (higher attenuation) than the surrounding crust. The highest attenuation anomalies coincide with areas of previously reported high swarm activity attributed to fluid‐rich fractures along the southeast extension of the Reelfoot fault. The QP results are consistent with previous attenuation studies in the region, which showed that active fault zones and fractured crust in the NMSZ are highly attenuating.
Holding It Together—Patients' Perspectives on Postoperative Recovery When Using an e-Assessed Follow-Up: Qualitative Study

Background There is an emerging trend to perform surgeries as day surgery. After a day surgery, most of the recovery period takes place at home, and patients are responsible for their own recovery. It has been suggested that electronic health (eHealth) technologies can support patients in this process. A mobile app has recently been developed to assess and follow up on postoperative recovery after a day surgery. Objective The aim of this study was to explore experiences associated with postoperative recovery after a day surgery in patients using a mobile app to assess the quality of their recovery. Methods This is a qualitative interview study with an explorative and descriptive design. Participants were recruited from 4 different day surgery units in different parts of Sweden. The study included 18 participants aged >17 years who had undergone day surgery and used the Recovery Assessment by Phone Points, a mobile app for follow-up on postoperative recovery after day surgery. Participants were purposively selected to ensure maximum variation. Semistructured individual interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results A total of two themes and six subthemes emerged from the data: (1) the theme Give it all you’ve got with the subthemes Believing in own capacity, Being prepared, and Taking action, where participants described their possibilities of participating and themselves contributing to improving their postoperative recovery; and (2) the theme The importance of feeling safe and sound with the subthemes Feeling safe and reassured, Not being acknowledged, and Not being left alone, which describe the importance of support from health care professionals and next of kin. Conclusions It is important that patients feel safe, reassured, and acknowledged during their postoperative recovery. They can achieve this themselves with sufficient support and information from the health care organization and their next of kin. Using a mobile app, both for assessment and to enable contact with the day surgery unit during the postoperative recovery period, can improve care and create a feeling of not being alone after surgery. We propose that postoperative recovery starts in the prerecovery phase when patients prepare for their recovery to get the best possible outcome from their surgery.
Gully erosion reduces carbon and nitrogen storage and mineralization fluxes in a headwater catchment of south‐eastern Queensland, Australia

Increased erosion associated with land use change often alters the flux of sediments and nutrients, but few studies have looked at the interaction between these disrupted cycles. We studied the effects of gully erosion on carbon and nitrogen storage in surface soil/sediment and herbaceous vegetation and on C and N mineralization in a headwater catchment used for cattle grazing. We found significantly lower C and N stored in an incising gully compared with an intact valley. This storage was significantly higher in an adjacent stabilizing gully, although not to the levels found in the intact valley. The intact valley had two to four times higher soil/sediment concentrations of total organic C, total N and Colwell extractable P than the incising gully. Lower storage was not explained by differences in vegetation biomass density or silt and clay content. Vegetation accounted for only 8% of C and 2% of N storage. Although not a significant store in itself, vegetation has an important indirect role in restoring and maintaining soil/sediment C and N stocks in eroding areas. We found significant linear relationships between C and N mineralization rates and soil/sediment C and N content, with lower rates occurring in the eroded sediment. These findings support our initial hypothesis that gully erosion reduces C and N storage and mineralization rates in eroding catchments. The implications of this study include a change to the quality of eroded sediments in headwater catchments, causing C‐poorer and N‐poorer sediments to be exported but overall loads to increase. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass spectrometric analysis for aromatic compounds in bile of fish sampled after the Exxon Valdez oil spill

After the Exxon Valdez oil spill, the exposure of marine organisms to petroleum had to be determined. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to identify metabolites of aromatic compounds (ACs), such as alkylated naphthols, phenanthrols, and dibenzothiophenols, in the hydrolyzed bile of five salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and four pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) captured in Prince William Sound several months after the oil spill. These metabolites were not found in control fish sampled from areas not impacted by the oil. The metabolites were identified by comparison to those from the hydrolyzed bile of a halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) which had been injected with weathered Prudhoe Bay crude oil. The dibenzothiophenols are proposed as promising marker compounds for identifying the exposure of fish to certain crude oils. In addition, a high-performance liquid chromatographic method to screen bile for metabolites of ACs was validated for use in estimating the exposure of fish to petroleum.