Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing Identity in the Face of Resettlement

Refugees who are resettled in third countries may be at greater risk of experiencing identity problems, such as identity distress, crisis, and its resolution, than are their nonrefugee, nonimmigrant peers. A multidimensional approach was employed to explore the identity (re)formation and resolution of 50 Karen refugees who were resettled in London, Ontario, Canada. Problematic identity processes in social, personal, and ego domains of identity were examined. Fifty nonrefugee Canadians served as comparisons. The findings revealed that the resettlement process impaired the sense of temporal sameness and continuity, promoted confusion and crisis in identity, prolonged identity resolution, and stimulated distress concerning social and personal identity issues (work, career, values, group loyalties) for the refugees who participated in this study.
Mortality Among Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure and Diabetes Mellitus: Results From the National Inpatient Sample 2000 to 2010.

BACKGROUND Case fatality and hospitalization rates for US patients with heart failure (HF) have steadily decreased during the past several decades. Diabetes mellitus (DM), a risk factor for, and frequent coexisting condition with, HF continues to increase in the general population. METHODS AND RESULTS We used the National Inpatient Sample to estimate overall as well as age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-specific trends in HF hospitalizations, DM prevalence, and in-hospital mortality among 2.5 million discharge records from 2000 to 2010 with HF as primary discharge diagnosis. Multivariable logistic and Poisson regression were used to assess the impact of the above demographic characteristics on in-hospital mortality. Age-standardized hospitalizations decreased significantly in HF overall and in HF with DM. Age-standardized in-hospital mortality with HF declined from 2000 to 2010 (4.57% to 3.09%, Ptrend<0.0001), whereas DM prevalence in HF increased (38.9% to 41.9%, Ptrend<0.0001) as did comorbidity burden. Age-standardized in-hospital mortality in HF with DM also decreased significantly (3.53% to 2.27%, Ptrend<0.0001). After adjusting for year, age, and comorbid burden, males remained at 17% increased risk versus females, non-Hispanics remained at 12% increased risk versus Hispanics, and whites had a 30% higher mortality versus non-white minorities. Absolute mortality rates were lower in younger versus older patients, although the rate of decline was attenuated in younger patients. CONCLUSIONS In-hospital mortality in HF patients with DM significantly decreased during the past decade, despite increases in DM prevalence and comorbid conditions. Mortality rate decreases among younger patients were significantly attenuated, and mortality disparities remain among important demographic subgroups.
What are the dielectric “constants” of proteins and how to validate electrostatic models?

Implicit models for evaluation of electrostatic energies in proteins include dielectric constants that represent effect of the protein environment. Unfortunately, the results obtained by such models are very sensitive to the value used for the dielectric constant. Furthermore, the factors that determine the optimal value of these constants are far from being obvious. This review considers the meaning of the protein dielectric constants and the ways to determine their optimal values. It is pointed out that typical benchmarks for validation of electrostatic models cannot discriminate between consistent and inconsistent models. In particular, the observed pKa values of surface groups can be reproduced correctly by models with entirely incorrect physical features. Thus, we introduce a discriminative benchmark that only includes residues whose pKa values are shifted significantly from their values in water. We also use the semimacroscopic version of the protein dipole Langevin dipole (PDLD/S) formulation to generate a series of models that move gradually from microscopic to fully macroscopic models. These include the linear response version of the PDLD/S models, Poisson Boltzmann (PB)‐type models, and Tanford Kirkwwod (TK)‐type models. Using our different models and the discriminative benchmark, we show that the protein dielectric constant, εp, is not a universal constant but simply a parameter that depends on the model used. It is also shown in agreement with our previous works that εp represents the factors that are not considered explicitly. The use of a discriminative benchmark appears to help not only in identifying nonphysical models but also in analyzing effects that are not reproduced in an accurate way by consistent models. These include the effect of water penetration and the effect of the protein reorganization. Finally, we show that the optimal dielectric constant for self‐energies is not the optimal constant for charge‐charge interactions. Proteins 2001;44:400–417. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CAVE: channel-aware buffer management scheme for solid state disk

Exploiting a multi-channel architecture of Solid State Disk (SSD) is a role of Flash Translation Layer (FTL) until now. A multi-channel FTL scheme increases I/O parallelism by spreading out pages in a logical block to multiple channels. However, this scheme has high garbage collection overhead for reclaiming invalid pages, thus resulting in the performance degradation. In order to overcome this problem, we assign a write buffer to exploit a multi-channel architecture. In this paper, we propose a novel buffer management scheme, called Channel-Aware Victim Eviction (CAVE). The key idea of the CAVE scheme is to evict multiple victims whose number is equal to the number of NAND flash memories when a write buffer is full for increasing I/O parallelism. Because a write buffer exploits a multi-channel architecture, we can use a 1-channel FTL scheme, thus reducing garbage collection overhead. We develop a trace-driven simulator for evaluating the CAVE scheme. The hit ratio and execution time are used as performance metrics. In the hit ratio, the CAVE scheme can achieve a similar result with a conventional method which uses a multi-channel FTL scheme though it evicts more victims at a time. In the execution time which consists of the write time and garbage collection time, a result shows that the CAVE scheme can reduce it by 55.5% - 97.4% in block-level LRU using SYSMARK compared to the conventional method.
Dual-target search for high and low prevalence X-ray threat targets

Recent studies have shown that the prevalence of target presentation in visual search has an impact on target detection rates, and also that searching for two targets leads to a decrement in performance (the “dual-target cost”). In the present experiments, we added to previous work that has examined the interaction between the prevalence effect and dual-target cost, and also to previous work that has examined a full range of prevalence levels. We found no interaction between the dual-target cost and prevalence effect, though the response criterion in dual-target search did interact with target prevalence in an unexpected manner. Furthermore, we detected anasymmetry in the prevalence effect: It was more marked for high than low prevalence. Implications for real-world tasks are discussed.
Rudimentary Representational Vocal Signalling of Fellow Group Members in Spider Monkeys

Spider monkeys vocalize trills to each other when they attempt to make contact. These vocalizations have traditionally been considered to be a manifestation of a particular level of arousal in animals. Playback experiments suggest, however, that each group member is able to distinguish trills to which he originally responded from others, and that anticipation of responding animals is possible by voice alone in every animal on a truly individual basis. Results indicate that trills given by spider monkeys may function in a rudimentary representational manner to designate fellow group members.
People are more likely to be insincere when they are more likely to accidentally tell the truth

Although people lie often, and mostly for self-serving reasons, they do not lie as much as they could. The “fudge factor” hypothesis suggests that one reason for people not to lie is that they do not wish to self-identify as liars. Accordingly, self-serving lies should be more likely when they are less obvious to the liars themselves. Here we show that the likelihood of self-serving lies increases with the probability of accidentally telling the truth. Players in our game could transmit sincere or insincere recommendations to their competitors. In line with the fudge factor hypothesis, players lied when their beliefs were based on flimsy evidence and did not lie when their beliefs were based on solid evidence. This is the first demonstration of a new moral hypocrisy paradox: People are more likely to be insincere when they are more likely to accidentally tell the truth.
InstituteOn a Resolution Theorem for MaximalModelsDimitris

We formulate and prove a resolution-like theorem that reduces the unnegated variables of a Boolean formula in Conjunctive Normal Form by one, while preserving the maximal models of the formula. This has an impact to the generation of all maximal models of a Horn formula as repeated applications of the theorem lead to a Boolean formula in which each clause has only negated variables and thus reduces the problem to the generation of the transversal hypergraph.
Reduced PWM harmonic distortion for multilevel inverters operating over a wide modulation range

It is known that the optimal carrier based approach for modulating a multilevel converter is to use a phase disposition (PD) carrier arrangement with a common mode offset added to the reference waveforms to centre the implicitly selected space vectors. However, this strategy does not fully utilize all available voltage levels at lower modulation depths, with an odd level system only using odd voltage levels and an even level system only using even voltage levels as the modulation depth varies. Recent work has suggested that this is not the harmonically optimal approach at reduced modulation depths. This paper shows how up to a 40% reduction in harmonic distortion can be achieved if all available voltage levels are used throughout the linear modulation range. The improvement is achieved by adding a simple (1/2) carrier magnitude common mode dc offset in key modulation regions, which allows the converter to use all available voltage levels. The paper uses analytical spectral decomposition and harmonic flux trajectory analysis to propose a theoretical basis for this improvement, and to determine the precise points at which the (1/2) carrier magnitude offset should be added to achieve the harmonic improvement.
Real-time multiple scattering in participating media with illumination networks

This paper proposes a real-time method to compute multiple scattering in non-homogeneous participating media having general phase functions. The volume represented by a particle system is supposed to be static, but the lights and the camera may move. Lights can be arbitrarily close to the volume and can even be inside. Real-time performance is achieved by reusing light scattering paths that are generated with global line bundles traced in sample directions in a preprocessing phase. For each particle we obtain those other particles which can be seen in one of the sample directions, and their radiances toward the given particle. This information is stored in an illumination network that allows the fast iteration of the volumetric rendering equation. The illumination network can be stored in two-dimensional arrays indexed by the particles and the directions, respectively. Interpreting these two-dimensional arrays as texture maps, the iteration of the scattering steps can be efficiently executed by the graphics hardware, and the illumination can spread over the media in real-time.
Assessing the role of biomarker feedback in a 12-week community weight management programme among overweight men: A pilot study

Background The primary objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of recruitment, retention, and delivery of biomarker feedback among men partaking in Shape Up, a physical activity for health programme. Secondarily, it explored the potential effects of biomarker feedback on participants’ adherence and motivation levels. Methods In this two-arm non-randomised pilot study, 46 men (mean±SD age 46.0±8.6 years) participating in the 12-week Shape Up programme were assigned to a control group or biomarker feedback group. Biomarker feedback consisted of 3 blood test panels: at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks (follow-up), each with a doctor’s report. Both groups completed questionnaires (Short Active Lives Survey [SALS], Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire [TSRQ], and EQ-5D-5L) to gauge levels of motivation and engagement. The mean difference was calculated between baseline and programme end. Recruitment, retention, and attendance rates were determined. Results Mean recruitment (approach-to-consent), retention, and attendance rates were 96.3%, 92.3%, and 83.7% in the control group, and 85.2%, 86.2%, and 81.5% in the biomarker feedback group, respectively. Of biomarker feedback group participants, 86.4% attended their 12-week blood test and 45.5% attended their follow-up blood test. The mean 12-week differences (95% CI) for the control group and biomarker feedback group were 138.1 (2.7, 273.5) and 467.3 (249.4, 685.2) for active minutes per week, 0.2 (-0.8, 1.2) and 0.4 (0.0, 0.8) for autonomous TSRQ domains, 0.2 (-0.3, 0.8) and 0.8 (0.1, 1.4) for controlled TSRQ domains, and 19 (12.7, 26.5) and 27.2 (19.8, 34.6) for EQ-5D-5L scores, respectively. Conclusion Biomarker feedback was well-received by participants and deemed feasible, with high recruitment and retention rates for the duration of the 12-week programme. Biomarker feedback may affect aspects of motivation but did not appear to influence adherence to the programme. Biomarker data may provide additional evidence of programme efficacy. Important design considerations are provided for definitive larger-scale trials.
Genetic susceptibility to diabetes and long-term improvement of insulin resistance and β cell function during weight loss: the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS LOST) trial.

BACKGROUND Diet interventions have shown effectiveness in improving diabetes risk factors; however, little is known about whether the effects of diet intervention are different according to genetic susceptibility. OBJECTIVE We examined interactions between weight-loss diets and the genetic risk score (GRS) for diabetes on 2-y changes in markers of insulin resistance and β cell function in a randomized controlled trial. DESIGN Data from the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS LOST) trial were analyzed. A GRS was calculated on the basis of 31 diabetes-associated variants in 744 overweight or obese nondiabetic adults (80% white Americans). We assessed the changes in insulin resistance and β cell function over the 2-y intervention. RESULTS Dietary protein significantly interacted with the diabetes GRS on fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), the homeostasis model assessment of β cell function (HOMA-B), and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at 2 y in white Americans (P-interaction = 0.02, 0.04, 0.01, and 0.05, respectively). The lower GRS was associated with a greater decrease in fasting insulin (P = 0.04), HbA1c (P = 0.0001), and HOMA-IR (P = 0.02), and a lesser increase in HOMA-B (P = 0.004) in participants consuming a low-protein diet. Participants with a higher GRS might have a greater reduction in fasting insulin when consuming a high-protein diet (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that individuals with a lower genetic risk of diabetes may benefit more from consuming a low-protein weight-loss diet in improving insulin resistance and β cell function, whereas a high-protein diet may be more beneficial for white patients with a higher genetic risk. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00072995.
Long‐term outcomes of implants placed after vertical alveolar ridge augmentation in partially edentulous patients: a 10‐year prospective clinical study

AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical results around non-submerged implants placed after vertical alveolar ridge augmentation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The original population consisted of two groups of partially edentulous patients (Clinical Oral Implants Research, 15, 2004, 73; Clinical Oral Implants Research, 18, 2007, 286), receiving a total of 82 implants, after a vertical bone augmentation of at least 4 mm. Following cementation of the fixed dental prostheses, patients were asked to follow an individualized supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) program for an appropriate clinical and radiographic follow-up. RESULTS At the 10-year examination, seven of the 41 patients were lost to follow-up. During SPT, additional antibiotic and/or surgical therapy was necessary in 18 implants, and four of these implants were removed for biological complications. The overall implant survival rate was 94.1%. The mean interproximal bone loss (BL) was 0.58 ± 0.57 mm. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study confirmed that implants, placed after vertical augmentation and followed by an adequate SPT, offer predictable long-term results. Nevertheless, patients whose bone atrophy was consequence of a previous history of periodontitis presented a statistically significant greater BL.
Polyamines in microorganisms.

INTRODUCTION. 82 POLYAMINES IN ESCHERICHIA COLI 82 Biosynthesis of Putrescine, Agmatine, and Cadaverine 8 Biodegradative (induced) ornithine decarboxylase. Biosynthetic (constitutive) ornithine decarboxylase . 82 Mutants lacking ornithine decarboxylase . ,, 82 Biodegradative arginine decarboxylase 83 Biosynthetic arginine decarboxylase 4 Mutants lacking biosynthetic arginine decarboxylase . 84 Agmatine ureohydrolase. 84 Lysine decarboxylase 8 Biosynthesis of Spermidine 4 Methionine adenosyltransferase (S-adenosylmethionine synthetase). 84 S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. , 85 Spermidine synthase (putrescine aminopropyltransferase). 85 Polyamine Concentrations in E. coli 85 Influence of culture conditions Transport of polyamines into E. coli Intracellular localization of polyamines. 85 Regulation of Biosynthetic Enzymes 86 Control by intracellular concentrations of ornithine and arginine. 86 Control by intracellular concentrations of polyamines.86 Control by guanine nucleotides and by cyclic AMP . 86 Control by antizyme. 86 Metabolism . , . 86 Formation of glutathionylspermidine 86 Acetylation of putrescine and spermidine 7 Effects of Polyamines In Vivo. 87 Effects on protein biosynthesis in vivo 8 Effects on DNA replication in vivo. 87 Effects on osmotic fragility of spheroplasts and protoplasts 87 Polyamines in bacteriophages Effects of spermidine analogs in vivo.88 Toxicity of spermine.8 Effects of Polyamines In Vitro. 88 POLYAMINES IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE 89 Concentration of Amines. 0 89 Biosynthesis of Putrescine 8 Purification of ornithine decarboxylase 89 Mutants lacking ornithine decarboxylase activity.8 Regulation of ornithine decarboxylase . 9. 90 Effects of polyamines on ornithine decarboxy! ase 90 Biosynthesis of Spermidine and Spermine Methionine adenosyltransferase (S-adenosylmethionine synthetase). 90 S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.90 Mutants lacking S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.9 Mutants lacking putrescine aminopropyltransferase and spermidine aminopropyltransferase. 90 Effects of Polyamines In Vitro on tRNA of S. cerevisiae 1 POLYAMINES IN PHYSARUM POLYCEPHALUM 9 Polyamine concentrations.91 Ornithine decarboxylase and adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.91 Regulation of polyamine biosynthesis in P. polycephalum. POLYAMINES IN NEUROSPORA CRASSA 92 POLYAMINES IN ASPERGILLUS NIDULANS UNUSUAL AMINES AND AMI NE D RIVATIVES INMICROORGANISMS.92 Thermophilic organisms. 92
LUMBAR MOTONEURONS OF MAN: III. THE NUMBER AND DIAMETER DISTRIBUTION OF LARGE‐ AND INTERMEDIATE‐DIAMETER CYTONS BY NUCLEAR COLUMNS

In a recent study we estimated the number and frequency distribution of the diameters of the cytons of all of the combined motoneuron columns of L3, L4 and L5 ventral horn of the spinal cord of man. In the present study we have estimated the number and frequency distribution of the diameter of motoneuron cytons in the lateral (L) and the medial (M) groups of the ventral horns of L3, L4 and L5 spinal segments and of the three motoneuron columns [antero-lateral (AL), central (C), and combined postero-lateral and post-postero-lateral (PL + PPL)] of the L group in the L5 segment in the same 18 reference spinal cords of the earlier study. These reference morphometric values are needed to be able to determine whether the number and size of motoneuron cytons are abnormal or not, and in what way are they abnormal, in various neuromuscular diseases.
Risk factors for recurrent bile duct stones after endoscopic papillotomy

Background: The long term outcome of endoscopic papillotomy (EPT) is not well known. The aims of this study were to clarify the clinical course of post-EPT patients and to detect predictors for bile duct stone recurrence. Methods: A total of 1042 consecutive patients who underwent EPT for bile duct stones from December 1975 to September 1998 were prospectively followed up. Patients were divided into four groups according to gall bladder (GB) status: “acalculous GB” group, “calculous GB” group, “cholecystectomy” group, and “prior cholecystectomy” group. Reliable follow up information was obtained for 983 (94.3%) of the 1042 patients. The following factors were considered in the evaluation of predisposing risk factors for recurrence of bile duct stones: age, sex, gall bladder status, periampullary diverticulum, number of bile duct stones, diameter of bile duct stones, diameter of bile duct, lithotripsy, precutting, pneumobilia, and early complications. Results: Recurrence occurred in 111 patients. The “acalculous GB” group was less prone to recurrence than the “prior cholecystectomy” group and the “calculous GB” group. The relative risks (RR) for the latter two compared with the former group were 2.26 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–4.14; p=0.0078) and 2.16 (95% CI 1.21–3.87; p=0.0093), respectively. Other prognostic factors were lithotripsy (RR 2.37; 95% CI 1.47–3.81; p=0.0004) and pneumobilia (RR 1.57; 95% CI 1.01–2.43; p=0.044). Conclusions: Gall bladder status, lithotripsy, and pneumobilia were significantly related to bile duct stone recurrence after EPT.