Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Line management responsibility for HRM: what is happening in Europe?

The notion of line management accepting greater responsibility for human resource management (HRM) within employing organisations is now received wisdom. This paper presents data on the variation in practice across Europe, noting the evidence that the HR role is increasingly assigned to line managers, and that the extent of such assignment varies from country to country. This first presentation of data from 1999/2000 updates previous work the authors have presented on this topic: the evidence shows that in terms of that assignment, countries tend to remain in the same relationship to each other.
Activation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa AlgU Regulon through mucA Mutation Inhibits Cyclic AMP/Vfr Signaling

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes acute, invasive infections in immunocompromised individuals and chronic, persistent respiratory infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). The differential progression of acute or chronic infections involves the production of distinct sets of virulence factors. P. aeruginosa strains isolated from patients with acute respiratory infection are generally nonencapsulated and express a variety of invasive virulence factors, including flagella, the type III secretion system (T3SS), type IV pili (TFP), and multiple secreted toxins and degradative enzymes. Strains isolated from chronically infected CF patients, however, typically lack expression of invasive virulence factors and have a mucoid phenotype due to the production of an alginate capsule. The mucoid phenotype results from loss-of-function mutations in mucA, which encodes an anti-sigma factor that normally prevents alginate synthesis. Here, we report that the cyclic AMP/Vfr-dependent signaling (CVS) pathway is defective in mucA mutants and that the defect occurs at the level of vfr expression. The CVS pathway regulates the expression of multiple invasive virulence factors, including T3SS, exotoxin A, protease IV, and TFP. We further demonstrate that mucA-dependent CVS inhibition involves the alternative sigma factor AlgU (AlgT) and the response regulator AlgR but does not depend on alginate production. Our findings show that a single naturally occurring mutation leads to inverse regulation of virulence factors involved in acute and persistent infections. These results suggest that mucoid conversion and inhibition of invasive virulence determinants may both confer a selective advantage to mucA mutant strains of P. aeruginosa in the CF lung.
Fibroblast growth factor-2 protects entorhinal layer II glutamatergic neurons from axotomy-induced death

The entorhinal cortex is a major relay between the hippocampus and other cortical and subcortical regions. Glutamatergic axons from layer II neurons form the entorhinal cortical projection to the hippocampus via the perforant pathway. We have demonstrated previously that lesion of the perforant pathway causes the death of approximately 30% of entorhinal layer II (ECL2) neurons. To elucidate mechanisms contributing to neuronal death and to investigate strategies preventing it, we identified the phenotype of the vulnerable neuronal population. Sections were immunolabeled with antibodies to the neuronal markers NeuN, glutamate, and calbindin-D28k, and to receptors for fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGFR1) and NMDA (NMDAR1) and were examined using confocal microscopy. Calbindin immunoreactivity was strikingly lamina- specific to ECL2, where one-third of all ECL2 neurons were calbindin- positive. Localization of glutamate revealed that half of the glutamatergic ECL2 neurons coexpressed calbindin. Quantification using unbiased stereology at 9 weeks after lesion of the perforant pathway revealed that the only ECL2 neuronal population that experienced a significant (70%) loss (20% of the total) was the population of glutamatergic ECL2 neurons that did not coexpress calbindin. All ECL2 neurons expressed FGFR1; therefore, we tested the role of FGF-2 in the survival of glutamatergic ECL2 neurons. We grafted fibroblasts genetically engineered to express nerve growth factor or FGF-2 and found that only FGF-2 grafts prevented loss of the vulnerable glutamatergic/calbindin-negative neurons. We present a hypothesis for the selective vulnerability of these glutamatergic/calbindin-negative ECL2 neurons and address the role of FGF-2 in neuronal rescue.
MODELS OF CROSS-NATIONAL VARIATION IN OCCUPATIONAL SEX SEGREGATION

Cross-national studies of occupational sex segregation have shown not only that industrial countries are markedly segregated by sex, but also that the level of sex segregation varies substantially between countries. The overall aim of this article is to study any association between patterns of cross-national variation in levels of sex segregation and the structuring of welfare states. It represents a new approach to comparative studies of occupational sex segregation as it uses log-linear modelling and comparable micro data from the Luxembourg Employment Study (LES) to describe patterns of sex segregation in the labour market. The results presented here demonstrate some cross-national variation in levels of sex segregation. However, considering substantial cross-national differences in the structure of the welfare state, the relative distribution of women and men in the occupational structure largely follows the same pattern in the Western countries included. Cross-national variation in the structure of the welfare state seems therefore to be of primary importance for understanding the cross-national variation in sex segregation between unpaid labour in the home and paid labour in the market.
Descripción y análisis de la huella urbanística del boom inmobiliario en Asturias mediante Sistemas de Información Geográfica, 1996-2006

De 2000 a 2007 son los anos en los que se gesta en Espana una burbuja alrededor del sector de la construccion impulsada por el boom inmobiliario y el elevado ritmo de crecimiento de la obra publica. Las consecuencias macroeconomicas de este crecimiento desequilibrado de la construccion son bien conocidas, sin embargo las consecuencias urbanisticas han sido menos estudiadas. Aunque el Principado de Asturias no es una de las regiones espanolas con mayor presencia de burbuja inmobiliaria, es evidente que ha participado del proceso nacional. Los rasgos de esta region la hacen especialmente interesante para el analisis, debido al desarrollo de una conurbacion poli-centrica en la zona central y la convivencia de distintos tipos de desarrollo urbano en un espacio reducido. En este trabajo se aplica una metodologia basada en la descripcion y analisis de la informacion contenida en la cartografia digital referenciada. A traves de la clasificacion e interpretacion de los pixeles de las orto-fotos correspondientes al Principado de Asturias podemos identificar la expansion urbana experimentada, distinguiendo entre los usos industriales y urbanos del nuevo suelo utilizado. Aplicando un analisis estadistico con modelos que contemplan la dependencia espacial de la informacion podemos identificar las causas del crecimiento urbano y describir sus distintos patrones. Identificamos los focos afectados por procesos de burbuja inmobiliaria, asi como la morfologia urbana que se consolida a consecuencia, entre otros factores, de una ausencia de coordinacion entre los municipios que conforman el area central
Making the ‘right’ choice based on experiments: regulatory decisions for food and health

This article shows how experiments revealing information about food quality and safety can contribute to regulatory debates on food and health. After detailing the motivations of regulation for the food sector, we underline the limits of theoretical welfare analysis. Despite challenges from behavioural economics, cost-benefit analysis using experimental results can complement theoretical analysis. In a brief review of laboratory and field experiments with food, we discuss their relative strengths and weaknesses and suggest an analytical approach of how to integrate experimental data into welfare analysis. An empirical application quantifies and compares the welfare impact of health information and a subsidy for fish.
Prudence and Presidential Ethics: The Decisions on Iraq of the Two Presidents Bush

Successful political leading builds upon the virtue of prudence. This paper presents an exacting theory of political prudence and examines the decisions of Presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush in light of standards of prudence. A very exacting type of prudence is demanded of ethical and effective political leaders. It requires: critical self-awareness, diligence in obtaining information and modifying one’s conduct in light of it, attentiveness to the ﬁt and proportionality of means and ends. Although there are counterparts in personal life to these attributes, the prudence of political leaders has a further dimension because of their responsibility for the welfare of the polity, whether a city or an entire nation. The importance of political prudence in the U.S. presidency is illustrated by a comparative analysis of the decision-making processes regarding the decisions to wage war with Iraq in the administrations of George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush. The sharp contrasts between them suggest that prudence and other political virtues may be substantially independent of ideology, class, and social background and the deployment of prudence can affect the quality of judgment and outcomes.
The Hog1 Stress-activated Protein Kinase Targets Nucleoporins to Control mRNA Export upon Stress*

Background: The Hog1 stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) regulates mRNA biogenesis in response to osmostress. Results: The nuclear pore complex is regulated upon osmostress by the Hog1 SAPK. Conclusion: mRNA export is controlled by the HOG signaling pathway. Significance: Efficient mRNA biogenesis of stress-responsive genes requires of the coordination between synthesis and mRNA export. The control of mRNA biogenesis is exerted at several steps. In response to extracellular stimuli, stress-activated protein kinases (SAPK) modulate gene expression to maximize cell survival. In yeast, the Hog1 SAPK plays a key role in reprogramming the gene expression pattern required for cell survival upon osmostress by acting during transcriptional initiation and elongation. Here, we genetically show that an intact nuclear pore complex is important for cell survival and maximal expression of stress-responsive genes. The Hog1 SAPK associates with nuclear pore complex components and directly phosphorylates the Nup1, Nup2, and Nup60 components of the inner nuclear basket. Mutation of those factors resulted in a deficient export of stress-responsive genes upon stress. Association of Nup1, Nup2, and Nup60 to stress-responsive promoters occurs upon stress depending on Hog1 activity. Accordingly, STL1 gene territory is maintained at the nuclear periphery upon osmostress in a Hog1-dependent manner. Cells containing non-phosphorylatable mutants in Nup1 or Nup2 display reduced expression of stress-responsive genes. Together, proper mRNA biogenesis of stress-responsive genes requires of the coordinate action of synthesis and export machineries by the Hog1 SAPK.
Rumen metabolism.

Understanding of ruminant digestive function has improved tremendously over the past 25 yr. This progress, viewed in retrospect, has clearly led to improvements in animal production. The encouraging aspect of this is that these improvements were made through qualitative application of our knowledge. Quantitative application of this knowledge-a major emphasis in current efforts--will likely yield even greater benefits in the future. Although we continue to identify new rumen microbes, it is suggested that the major rumen microbes have been identified. The nutritional requirements, physiological characteristics, biochemical pathways and functions of these microbes have been largely characterized. Major strides have been made toward understanding the complex interactions among rumen microbes that characterize the rumen ecosystem; microbes interact to improve the digestion of complex carbohydrates, such as cellulose, beyond the extent individual species can achieve; microbes provide nutrients required for the growth of other microbes and microbes remove products inhibitory to other microbes usually to their mutual benefit. Considerable progress has been made toward development of quantitative relationships among the chemical composition of ruminant feeds, dynamic aspects of digestion in the rumen, products of digestion absorbed by the ruminant, and, most important, how these can be manipulated to improve animal productivity.
Une comparaison des modèles macro-économétriques et DSGE dans l'évaluation des politiques économiques : une comparaison basée sur les modèles Mésange et Egée

Le comportement de consommation des menages, principale difference entre ces modeles, repose dans Mesange, modele macro-econometrique keynesien, sur une fonction d'inspiration keynesienne : la consommation y est tres sensible au revenu courant des menages. Dans Egee, modele dynamique d'equilibre general, une majorite de menages, qualifies de ricardiens, optimisent leurs decisions intertemporellement : leur consommation, tres sensible a leurs anticipations de l'evolution future de l'economie, depend donc peu de leur revenu courant. Si tous les menages etaient ricardiens, Egee n'aurait pas de multiplicateur keynesien. Les structures theoriques des longs termes des deux modeles sont tres voisines, de meme que les effets qualitatifs qu'ils attribuent aux politiques budgetaires. Les equations de salaire y ont des bases theoriques tres differentes, representant le resultat de negociations entre partenaires sociaux pour Mesange, une offre de travail pour Egee. En depit de cela ces equations ont des formes analytiques voisines, mais l'elasticite du salaire a l'emploi est beaucoup plus basse dans le premier modele que dans le second. Cela conduit a des effets des politiques budgetaires plus importants dans Mesange. Les effets de court et de moyen terme des politiques budgetaires different notablement, a quelques exceptions pres, entre Mesange et Egee. Ces effets sont tres sensibles aux rigidites reelles et nominales introduites dans les deux modeles et aux valeurs des parametres qui determinent les forces relatives de ces rigidites. Largement ad hoc et se bornant a introduire des ajustements a correction d'erreur dans des equations d'equilibre au statut theorique clair dans Mesange, elles sont theoriquement mieux fondees dans Egee, encore que leur liste et les details de leur specification aient des bases qui peuvent parfois sembler fragiles.
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment a Tale of Nine Theoretical Models

This paper presents a review of nine theoretical models of foreign direct investment (FDI). Discussed are early studies of determinants of FDI (1) as well as determinants of FDI based on the neoclassical trade theory (2), ownership advantages (3), aggregate variables (4), the ownership, location and internalization advantage framework (5), horizontal and vertical FDI models (6), the knowledge-capital model (7), diversified FDI and risk diversification models (8) and policy variables (9). From each of the nine theories, the relevant determinants of FDI are derived. Empirical studies indicate the importance of these determinants in the real world. The paper shows that there is not one single theory of FDI, but a variety of theoretical models attempting to explain FDI and the location decision of multinational firms. Therefore, any analysis of determinants of FDI should not be based on a single theoretical model. Instead, FDI should be explained more broadly by a combination of factors from a variety of theoretical models such as ownership advantages or agglomeration economics, market size and characteristics, cost factors, transport costs, protection, risk factors and policy variables. Copyright © 2008 The Author. Journal compilation © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Globalization, Labor Market Transformation, and Union Decline in U.S. Metropolitan Areas

In this study, we analyze the determinants of total, private, and public sector union density among 191 U.S. metropolitan statistical areas in 2003. In particular, we examine the effects of globalization and labor market transformation on metropolitan union density while controlling for labor market structure, the business cycle, and the political climate. Our analysis demonstrates that (1) globalization and labor market transformation have crosscutting but, on balance, negative effects on union density; (2) there are both similarities and differences in determinants of private and public sector unionism; and (3) business cycle and labor market structure variables are weak, but political climate variables are strong determinants of union density.
Survival in soils of an herbicide-resistant Pseudomonas putida strain bearing a recombinant TOL plasmid

Pseudomonas putida EEZ15(pWW0-EB62) is a phosphinothricin (PPT)-resistant strain with a recombinant TOL plasmid which allows the strain to grow on p-ethylbenzoate. The survival of this strain in sterile agricultural soils depends on the physicochemical properties of the soil. The recombinant pWW0-EB62 plasmid and its catabolic functions were stable for periods of up to 1 month in bacteria introduced in unamended soils and only conferred selective advantage to the host bacteria without the plasmid or with the natural pWW0 plasmid when the soils were amended with low amounts of p-ethylbenzoate. The addition to soils of aromatics that are cometabolized by P. putida EEZ15(pWW0-EB62) had a detrimental effect on the survival of the bacteria, whereas low amounts of aromatics that are not metabolized by this bacterium had no effect on their survival. Survival of P. putida EEZ15(pWW0-EB62) was better at 4 and 25 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. The host bacterium carrying the recombinant pWW0-EB62 plasmid was established in unsterile soils.
Study of undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy among first-degree relatives of ankylosing spondylitis probands.

OBJECTIVE To estimate in a Chinese population the prevalence of undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy (USpA) among first-degree relatives (FDRs) of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) probands, and to compare the clinical features of familial USpA with those of sporadic USpA. METHODS The FDRs of two separate cohorts of consecutive AS probands were evaluated for the prevalence of USpA, using the Modified New York criteria and the European Spondylitis Study Group criteria for AS and SpA, respectively. Sporadic USpA and FDRs of non-SpA rheumatic patient probands served as separate controls. RESULTS Among the 301 FDRs of 102 AS probands, 7.0% were USpA. This was 1000 times higher than the 147 FDRs of 40 non-SpA probands (P = 0.00230). Within the AS families, USpA was less male-dominated than AS (33.3 vs 72.5%) (P = 0.006). The only feature distinguishing familial from sporadic USpA was that the percentages of HLA B27 were 100 and 50%, respectively (P<0.001). CONCLUSION USpA and AS coexist in the same Chinese families, both being predisposed by HLA B27. In these families, a female gender favours the development of USpA rather than AS. A significant subset of sporadic USpA (HLA B27-negative group) has a different genetic predisposition compared with familial USpA.
Political Science: Network Simulation in International Politics

This article reviews various gaming and simulation traditions in international politics, leading to a detailed discussion of network simulations in general and the ICONS project in particular. Through extensive preparation, simulation, and postsimulation activities, ICONS participants test negotiation strategies, improve communication skills, deal with interdependence of issues, experience cultural differences, work in teams, and master communications technology. ICONS addresses the call for inter-nationalization of the curriculum as well as the need for integration of technology into the classroom. Keywords simulation, computers, negotiation, conferencing, language, culture, international, policy.
Bringing Buildings Back: From Abandoned Properties to Community Assets

well-informed, pragmatic and positive. Throughout, the account is judiciously critical — engaging in current theory but also highlighting key tensions and deficiencies, all without blurring the clarity of the narrative. Badged as a ‘textbook’ by Sir Peter Hall on the rear cover, Governing for Sustainable Urban Development undoubtedly adopts many features helpful to undergraduate and postgraduate students, and professionals, working in planning, architecture and urban development. The written style is clear and accessible, the pages are punctuated with handy textboxes elaborating on case studies or processes, and the structure of the book lends itself to a role as core text in courses on urban planning and environment. Although the primary focus of Rydin’s analysis is on the developed world, in which functioning arrangements for governing environmental problems are already in place, the international context is not neglected. The chapters will leave students wellprimed and enthused about the array of possible interventions, but not naı̈ve about the challenges. Yet, if this book is not a ‘textbook’ in a narrow, ‘how to do it’ sense, it is because Rydin has done such an excellent job of helping us to question conventional mechanisms by which we struggle to push cities towards sustainable development, and showing the merits of conceiving of sustainable urban development — not as a mechanistic problem, amenable to straightforward steering — but as a more complex, fractured process, reliant on often fragile conjunctions of knowledge and actors. For this reason, and the breadth of scholarship on display, more advanced researchers will also find new material and directions for their thinking.
Accounting for Forward Rates in Markets for Foreign Currency

Forward and spot exchange rates between major currencies imply large standard deviations of both predictable returns from currency speculation and of the equilibrium price measure (the intertemporal marginal rate of substitution). Representative agent theory with time-additive preferences cannot account for either of these properties. The authors show that the theory does considerably better along these dimensions when the representative agent's preferences exhibit habit persistence but that the theory fails to reproduce some of the other properties of the data--in particular, the strong autocorrelation of forward premiums. Copyright 1993 by American Finance Association.
Optimization of magnets segmentation for eddy current losses reduction in permanent magnets electrical machines

Magnet segmentation is an effective and simple technique for eddy current losses reduction in high power permanent magnets electrical machines. This work aims to study the magnets segmentation effects on eddy current losses in magnets. First, an analysis of eddy currents and associated losses in magnets is made. After, the magnets segmentation effects on losses reduction in the range of the industrial frequencies from few Hz to dozen of kHz are investigated. To achieve these tasks, a 2D non linear model based on finite element analysis is developed under MATLAB environment. The developed model is applied to a synchronous machine with surface mounted permanent magnets. In a second part of the work, we have adopted an optimization process which consists to associate the finite element analysis to genetic algorithm. In this stage of the work, we aim to find the best parameters of magnets segmentation and avoid any segmentations anomaly that appears under some conditions such as skin effect, and which can leads to losses increases instead of their reduction.