Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Copula goodness-of-fit testing: an overview and power comparison

Several copula goodness-of-fit approaches are examined, three of which are proposed in this paper. Results are presented from an extensive Monte Carlo study, where we examine the effect of dimension, sample size and strength of dependence on the nominal level and power of the different approaches. While no approach is always the best, some stand out and conclusions and recommendations are made. A novel study of p-value variation due to permutation order, for approaches based on Rosenblatt's transformation is also carried out. Results show significant variation due to permutation order for some of the approaches based on this transform. However, when approaching rejection regions, the additional variation is negligible.
Culture as Collective Memories: An Emerging Concept in International Law and Discourse on Cultural Rights

For many years legal scholars have sought to elaborate on the notion of culture in the context of cultural rights. Various expressions of the concept can be found scattered in different international instruments. The multiple meanings that the concept evokes can sometimes be confusing and the variations easily affect the obligations that States are required to comply with. This article gives an account of how these different understandings of culture evolved, as well as their legal consequences. It further seeks to identify an emerging concept of culture that is currently embodied in the works of the United Nations human rights treaty bodies, that is, the concept of culture as collective memories. The significance of this development will be highlighted.
Cloning, purification, and properties of Candida albicans thymidylate synthase

The thymidylate synthase (TS) gene was isolated from a genomic Candida albicans library by functional complementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain deficient in TS. The gene was localized on a 4-kilobase HindIII DNA fragment and was shown to be expressed in a Thy- strain of Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of the TS gene predicted a protein of 315 amino acids with a molecular weight of 36,027. The gene was cloned into a T7 expression vector in E. coli, allowing purification of large amounts of C. albicans TS. It was also purified from a wild-type C. albicans strain. Comparison of several enzyme properties including analysis of amino-terminal amino acid sequences showed the native and cloned C. albicans TS to be the same.
THE IMPACT OF FACULTY ON THE PERCEPTIONS STUDENTS HAVE OF THEIR PEDOGOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

This research used a sample of 854 undergraduate students in the faculties of Arts and Sciences from a mid-Western Research-1 (Canadian) university to investigate the impact of the faculty in which these students were enrolled on the pedagogical environment they experienced, namely their experiences with the cognitive demands set by professors and the social support provided by both professors and other students. Along with faculty, which is the independent variable, three sets of control variables were included in the analyses, academic program (year, credit, GPA), demographic background (gender, age, educational resources), and the psychosocial dispositions of the students, (self-esteem, perceived academic control, and coping strategies). The results reveal that both faculty and the psychosocial dispositions of the students had significant impact on their perceptions of the pedagogical environment. In addition, the students’ psychosocial dispositions suppressed the effect of the faculty on their comprehension of information and their interaction with other students while these control variables mediated the impact of the faculty on the students’ interaction with their professors and their evaluation of arguments. Overall, these results suggest that faculties differ substantially in the pedagogical environments experienced by students. The results are interpreted from the conception of C. P. Snow (1959), who argued that, in universities, the faculties of Arts and Sciences have two separate cultures.
Faith meets the Human Genome Project: religious factors in the public response to genetics

Providers of genetic services need to be broadly aware of the role that religious beliefs can play in the public's understanding of genetic information and of the choices that are posed. This paper identifies three religious themes that tend to arise when religious people, especially Christians, are involved in genetic testing and pre-symptomatic diagnosis. The first theme of fate and freedom leads to the prediction that religious people will be less likely than others to ascribe fatalistic or deterministic powers to genes but will want to maintain room for human and divine freedom, and that perhaps they will err too much in this direction. The second theme, having to do with religious community, suggests that religious people will experience a tension between the need for genetic privacy and the desire to share personal concerns with their faith community. Third, religious people regard the unborn with respect, even if not all regard the fetus as a person. Those who accept abortion for genetic reasons are likely to grieve the loss and to look for rituals to mark the value of the life that was not continued.
THE DUTY OF LOYALTY OF COMPANY DIRECTORS: BRIDGING THE ACCOUNTABILITY GAP THROUGH EFFICIENT DISCLOSURE

The core fiduciary duty of loyalty to which company directors are subject forms part of the general duties of directors which now appear in Chapter 2 of Part 10 of the Companies Act 2006. l The statutory restatement is set at a fairly high level of generality and in part seeks to reform the common law upon which it is based.2 As a means of assessing the scope of the reformulated duty of loyalty found in s.172 of the Act, it is instructive to view the provision against the policy considerations underlying the Government's decision to place the general duties of directors on a statutory footing and, more generally, the wider objectives underpinning the company law reform project which, after eight years of consultations,3 culminated in the 2006 Act.
Minimal effect of brain temperature changes on glutamate release in rat following severe global brain ischemia: a dialysis electrode study

USING a dialysis electrode, we recently developed an oxygen-independent system for real-time measurement of the glutamate concentration in the extracellular space ([Glu]e) during ischemia. This system allows separate evaluation of intra-ischemic biphase [Glu]e elevation, i. e. release from synaptic vesicles (1st phase), reversed uptake of glutamate from metabolic pools in neuronal cells (2nd phase), and post-ischemic glutamate re-uptake in ischemia—reperfusion models. Using the system, we attempted to clarify the relationship between biphase glutamate release and brain temperature in a model of acute global ischemia produced by transecting both carotid arteries. Our results showed that, in contrast to mild hyperthermia, hypothermia did not inhibit the 1st phase of [Glu]e release, and changes in intra-ischemic brain temperature had a minimal effect on the 2nd phase of [Glu]e elevation during severe acute ischemia. These findings, together with our previous data, indicate that brain temperature change in the intra-ischemic period plays an important role in disturbance of the glutamate re-uptake system during ischemia. NeuroReport 9: 3863–3868 © 1998 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
User-centered development of social collaboration software

Social networking functions make their way through more and more applications for private and professional use as they encourage participation and content contribution. However, designing and implementing components that attract users and truly support content creation is not a trivial task. In this paper, we present our user-centered approach of integrating social network components into a collaboration software system. The Tele-Board system is designed for supporting creative teams in their synchronous and asynchronous whiteboard work via distances. Especially for creating awareness on who did what when and documenting the project progress in general, special functions were needed. We present our procedure and challenges as well as the implementation and user feedback on the new components.
Microelectrode Investigations of the Visual System at the Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Freiburg i.Br.: A Historical Account of the First 10 Years, 1951–1960

The history of the first ten years of neurophysiological science (1951–1960) at the Department of Clinical Neurophysiology in Freiburg i.Br. (Germany) is described by some of the participants. We describe the concepts of Richard Jung for the development of an experimental neurophysiology, the technical conditions which helped to realize these ideas, and the integration of the newly emerging German neurophysiological science into the international community, through the large number of foreign visitors. A short account is given of the young scientists working at the Freiburg laboratory during this period, their main lines of research, as well as the results of their studies. In memoriam Richard Jung, Günter Baumgartner and Otto Creutzfeldt
Fiber Typing in Aging Muscle

It is accepted widely that fast-twitch muscle fibers are preferentially impacted in aging muscle, yet we hypothesize that this is not valid when aging muscle atrophy becomes severe. In this review, we summarize the evidence of fiber type-specific effect in aging muscle and the potential confounding roles of fibers coexpressing multiple myosin heavy-chain isoforms and their histochemical identification.
The value of truth: fact scepticism revisited

In his book Courts on Trial Jerome Frank suggests that we might turn our attention, when studying law, to the trial rather than the appellate courts. It is what goes on there that should inform us when talking of justice. Frank was worried over the unsatisfactory state of fact gathering in these courts and the book is not just a critique of what happens but also suggests many reforms. In this paper I am going to be concerned with his slashing attack on adversarial methods of trial in a chapter in the book revealingly entitled ‘The Fight Theory vs the Truth Theory’.
Developing an agenda for teaching coaching psychology

The research and practice of coaching psychology has developed considerably over the past 10 years. However, if coaching psychology is to continue to grow and develop, an educational and teaching framework needs to be established. Very little attention has been paid in the published literature to the teaching of coaching psychology. The aim of this paper is to stimulate discussion about the teaching of coaching psychology and to start the process of developing a teaching agenda, including delineating some of the concepts, theories and skills that can be seen to lie at the core of coaching psychology. Drawing on the Australian Psychological Society and the British Psychological Society definitions of coaching psychology it is proposed that the following areas should form the core of an education in coaching psychology; an evidence-based approach to practice; ethical principles; professional models of practice; mental health issues in coaching; cognitive-behavioural theory as applied to coaching; goal theory; change theory; systemic theory as applied to coaching (including group process and organisational applications); core applied coaching skills and their application to skills, performance, developmental and remedial coaching; and applications of coaching psychology to specialised areas of practice such as executive coaching, workplace coaching, health coaching, life coaching, and peak performance coaching, in addition to non-core specialist areas of theory such as applied positive psychology, solution-focused approaches, cognitive-developmental, narrative, psychodynamic and Gestalt approaches. Coaching psychology as a psychological sub-discipline is well on the way to developing a coherent area of research and practice. It now needs to develop and formalise a body of teachable knowledge that can sustain and advance this new area of behavioural science.
Impaired anti-inflammatory function of apolipoprotein A-II concentrations predicts metabolic syndrome and diabetes at 4 years follow-up in elderly Turks

Abstract Background: We evaluated prospectively the predictive value of serum apolipoprotein (apo) A-II, the second major apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), for cardiometabolic risk in Turkish adults showing abnormalities in other proteins that normally confer protection. Methods: Determinants of apoA-II and its associations with coronary heart disease (CHD), metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes were investigated at 4 years follow-up in 193 elderly men and women. Results: ApoA-II concentrations at baseline, in addition to being significantly related to HDL-cholesterol, were directly associated with complement C3 in multivariate linear regression analyses comprising nine variables. Following adjustment for gender, age and HDL-cholesterol (>30/>33 g/L, in men and women, respectively), low serum apoA-II concentrations predicted incident MetS [relative risk (RR) 3.5 (95% CI 1.4; 8.6)] and type 2 diabetes [RR 4.5 (95% CI 1.3; 15.6)] in both genders at an increment of 1 SD. Increased apoA-II values were not associated with prevalent or incident CHD, and tended to be marginally atheroprotective only in males. Conclusions: Serum apoA-II concentrations confer risk for MetS and diabetes and exhibit evidence of anti-inflammatory properties among Turks. These findings support the effects seen for several other HDL protein constituents. This finding may explain the increased cardiometabolic risk among Turks. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:1389–94.
Scientists and Social Media

Personally I enjoy social media. I love Facebook because I can see the brides and grooms and babies of friends. I can connect with people who were a large part of my life when I was a child and young adult. It is gratifying to see what friends from the past are doing now and to virtually meet their families. I can continually see pictures of my relatives in Italy and see how their children are growing. I enjoy all of these connections that would not be a part of my life without social media.Twitter, however, is just not for me. So you won't be getting any Tweets from me, and I won't be searching for the hash tag symbol (which I still think of as the pound sign-#showingmyage). Professionally, I use LinkedIn. I see the advantages of LinkedIn. I understand that there are professional groups that I would like to be able to access, network with, and query. I am also happy to support LinkedIn groups for my academic community.As a scientist, however, I am still deciding which websites I wish to use and how I wish to use them. Like many of you, I receive lots of e-mail from ResearchGate, which has been criticized for this practice (Swinburne University of Technology, 2015) as some of their emails are made to appear as if they are sent by individuals rather than autogenerated. ResearchGate appears to be used by younger scientists at this point rather than more established scientists (Knapp, 2012). Like all social media, it can take a lot of time to use optimally. However, ResearchGate helps me to see what my co-authors are publishing these days and how my articles are being used. Unfortunately, the question of copyright is still being evaluated with ResearchGate. I am continually being asked to upload copies of my articles to this site, but given that most publishers hold the copyright to published work (unless it is in openaccess journals), I have resisted this practice. The question of what is legal and fair in terms of uploading published work is still being established.Then there is Altrimetrics. As an editor of a journal that is published by Wiley-Blackwell, I know that each article published in the Journal of Nursing Scholarship has an Altimetrics score that an author (or follower of this kind of research) can click on and view (Stone, 2014). The Altimetrics score follows where an article is picked up by social media; it lets you see how your research is being disseminated in social media around the world; it helps you to identify new researchers interested in your work and to engage in new conversations globally. We all care about the influence of our research. It is very useful to be able to see the kind of blogs, Facebook pages, or tweets generated by your article and to follow discussions of your work.Wiley-Blackwell also provides authors free use of Kudos. Kudos helps to organize information about your research in one place. …
Surpass: System-initiated User-replaceable Passwords

System-generated random passwords have maximum password security and are highly resistant to guessing attacks. However, few systems use such passwords because they are difficult to remember. In this paper, we propose a system-initiated password scheme called "Surpass" that lets users replace few characters in a random password to make it more memorable. We conducted a large-scale online study to evaluate the usability and security of four Surpass policies, varying the number of character replacements allowed from 1 to 4 in randomly-generated 8-character passwords. The study results suggest that some Surpass policies (with 3 and 4 character replacements) outperform by 11% to 13% the original randomly-generated password policy in memorability, while showing a small increase in the percentage of cracked passwords. When compared to a user-generated password complexity policy (that mandates the use of numbers, symbols, and uppercase letters) the Surpass policy with 4-character replacements did not show statistically significant inferiority in memorability. Our qualitative lab study showed similar trends. This Surpass policy demonstrated significant superiority in security though, with 21% fewer cracked passwords than the user-generated password policy.
Using Memory Transfer Language (MTL) as a Tool for Program Dry-running

this paper, the use of visualization techniques in teaching and learning programming is revisited. It is demonstrated that MTL can be used to visualize most of programming aspects. MTL, as a tool for dry-running programs, tracing and correcting codes is used in a class experiment. Results show that MTL can be used in teaching novice programmers to improve their coding abilities.
Hybrid routing with periodic updates (HRPU) in wireless mesh networks

This paper proposes HRPU, a hybrid routing algorithm for wireless mesh networks. In HRPU, the mesh portal periodically broadcasts a mesh update message, which allows all nodes to have a route towards the mesh portal stored semi-permanently in their routing table. Whenever a node has data to be sent to backbone network, it sends the data without any route establishment delay using the route to the mesh portal. Numerical results show the higher throughput and lower overhead of proposed HRPU. In HRPU the mesh portals and mesh points adapt some critical parameters to further improve performance
Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia.

BACKGROUND Cervical dystonia is characterized by involuntary posturing of the head and frequently is associated with neck pain. Disability and social withdrawal are common. In recent years, Botulinum toxin Type A (BtA) has become the first line therapy. However its true efficacy, in particular the potential effect size, is still unclear. OBJECTIVES To determine whether botulinum toxin (BtA) is an effective and safe treatment for cervical dystonia. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Movement Disorders Group trials register (June 2003), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2003, MEDLINE (1977 to June 2003), EMBASE (1977 to June 2003) and reference lists of articles. We also contacted drug manufacturers and researchers in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised studies comparing BtA with placebo in adults with cervical dystonia. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Study authors were contacted for additional information. Adverse effects information was collected from the trials. MAIN RESULTS We found thirteen high quality eligible studies. They were short term (6 to 16 weeks). Eight trials, enrolling 361 patients, used the BtA formulation Botox(r) and five, enrolling 319 patients, used the BtA formulation Dysport. The dose and technique of administration varied significantly between studies.Meta-analysis showed statistically and clinically significant improvements on objective rating scales: (Peto OR 4.31; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.68 to 6.94) and subjective rating scales (Peto OR 6.58; 95% CI 4.55 to 9.54); and for pain relief in subjective scales (Peto OR 11.92; 95% CI 6.32 to 22.5). However, for many of the outcomes, we could use data from only a few studies. Only adverse events clearly associated with the mechanism of action of BtA were more frequent in the treatment group. These included neck weakness, dysphagia, dry mouth/sore throat and voice changes/hoarseness. Sub-group and sensitivity analyses showed a clear dose-response relationship for subjective and objective benefit and for frequency and severity of adverse events. Indirect comparisons between trials that used Dysport against placebo and trials that used Botox against placebo showed no significant differences between Dysport and Botox in terms of benefits or adverse events. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS A single injection cycle of BtA is effective and safe for treating cervical dystonia. Enriched trials (using patients previously treated with BtA), suggest that further injection cycles continue to work for most patients.
The Uses and Gratification of Facebook among Adolescents, Working ages and Elderly

This study aimed at examining the patterns of communication and uses of Facebook among adolescents, working ages and elderly. The study was mainly based on the conceptual framework of Katz's Uses and Gratification as a tool for interpreting the phenomena. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with the 3 aged groups: adolescents, working ages and elderly using both sexes – male and female who were residing in Chiang Rai Municipality and regularly communicating in Facebook. The findings revealed that the three aged groups used Facebook when they felt isolated and lonely, and Facebook led them to experience the world and to have more friends. Moreover, each Facebook user group used different communication patterns to get rid of their isolation and loneliness according to their social situations and attitudes based on their age condition. Among the three Facebook user groups, the adolescents’ using patterns reflected their selfness and identities; the working groups mirrored their exhaust and success from working, while the elder group focused on how to reunion among old friends. Keywords: Uses and Gratification, Facebook, Adolescents, Working ages, Elderly