Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive study of temperature-dependent reflectance and photoluminescence of Zn1−xMnxO thin films grown on c-Al2O3

We present a systematic study of temperature-dependent reflectance (R) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements on ZnMnO films grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. For the first time, the three free-exciton transitions FXA (Γ7c-Γ7vu), FXB (Γ7c-Γ9v), and FXC (Γ7c-Γ7vl) and the longitudinal-optical phonon replicas of FXB and FXC of ZnMnO films have been clearly observed in the R spectra. The parameters describing the activation energy and the temperature dependence of the transition energy and broadening have been extracted by fitting the experimental R and PL spectra. The spectral data of ZnMnO films not only show the deterioration of crystalline quality with increasing Mn composition fraction but also indicate the Mn clustering caused by Mn atom segregation.
Unsteady turbulent flow past solid fence

The unsteady, turbulent flow characteristics behind a two-dimensional vertical fence is investigated numerically by using a weakly compressible-flow computational method. A large-eddy simulation technique together with a subgrid-scale turbulence model is applied in the calculation to account for the turbulence effects in the flow. Numerical results show reasonably correct wake characteristics behind the fence and are in good agreement with available experimental data.
Spectral analysis and classification accuracy of coffee crops using Landsat and a topographic‐environmental model

Coffee is an extremely important cash crop, yet previous work indicates that satellite mapping of coffee has produced low classification accuracy. This research examines spectral band combinations and ancillary data for evaluating the classification accuracy and the nature of spectral confusion between coffee and other cover types in a Costa Rican study area. Supervised classification using Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) with only red, near‐infrared, and mid‐infrared bands had significantly lower classification accuracy compared to datasets that included more spectral bands and ancillary data. The highest overall accuracy achieved was 65%, including a coffee environmental stratification model (CESM). Producer's and user's accuracy was highest for shade coffee plantations (91.8 and 61.1%) and sun coffee (86.2 and 68.4%) with band combination ETM+ 34567, NDVI, cos (i), and including the use of the CESM. Post‐classification stratification of the optimal coffee growing zone based on elevation and precipitation data did not show significant improvement in land cover classification accuracy when band combinations included both the thermal band and NDVI. A forward stepwise discriminant analysis indicated that ETM+ 5 (mid‐infrared band) had the highest discriminatory power. The best discriminatory subset for all woody cover types including coffee excluded ETM+ 3 and 7; however, the land cover accuracy assessment indicated that overall accuracy, as well as producer's and user's accuracy of shade and sun coffee, were slightly improved with the inclusion of these bands. Although spectral separation between coffee crops and woodland areas was only moderately successful in the Costa Rica study, the overall accuracy, as well as the sun and shade coffee producer's and user's accuracy, were higher than reported in previous research.
Univariate linear calibration via replicated errors-in-variables model

In this paper, we deal with the comparative calibration problem, i.e. with the situation when one instrument or measurement technique is calibrated against another, each of which is subject to the measurement error. We propose an approximate, small sample, calibration confidence interval of the unknown true value of the measured substance in units of the more precise instrument, given measurement in units of the less precise instrument. Here we deal with the simplest case—single-use linear univariate calibration, i.e. the case in which we assume linear relationship between the two measurement techniques (instruments), and, further, that the calibration procedure is conducted in order to obtain one value for an unknown, reported together with an interval estimate. The method for deriving the approximate confidence interval is based on estimation of the calibration line via the replicated errors-in-variables model. The model is locally linearized and the Wald-type F-statistic is constructed. An essential point in this approach is the use of the F-approximation of the distribution of the F-statistic suggested by Kenward and Roger [Kenward, M.G. and Roger, J.H. , 1997, Small sample inference for fixed effects from restricted maximum likelihood. Biometrics, 53, 983–997]. The statistical properties of the proposed interval estimator are verified by simulations for wide spectrum of experimental designs and compared with two standard univariate interval estimates—the classical approach for deriving the calibration interval was proposed by Eisenhart [Eisenhart, C. , 1939, The interpretation of certain methods and their use in biological and industrial research. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 10, 162–186] and the inverse method was proposed by Krutchkoff [Krutchkoff, R.G. , 1967, Classical and inverse methods of calibration. Technometrics, 9, 425–439].
DEFINITION AND ANALYSIS OF A WAVELET/FICTITIOUS DOMAIN SOLVER FOR THE 2D-HEAT EQUATION ON A GENERAL DOMAIN

This paper is devoted to the setting and analysis of a Petrov–Galerkin wavelet-fictitious domain numerical method for the approximation of the solution of multi-dimensional parabolic equations on a general domain. In this method, the original parabolic equation, set on a domain ω, is first discretized in time using a finite difference scheme. At each time step, the corresponding elliptic equation on ω is transformed into a saddle point problem on a functional space defined on a bigger but simply shaped domain Ω where the initial boundary conditions on ω are enforced using surface Lagrange multipliers (Ref. 2). The solution of this problem is then approximated, thanks to a Petrov–Galerkin formulation, using wavelets and time scheme associated "vaguelettes" (Ref. 8). Existence, uniqueness and convergence of the approximated solution, when finite dimension spaces are used, are established and the efficiency as well as the stability of the numerical algorithm (namely the Uzawa algorithm) used in the resolution are analyzed. The constraint of a discrete inf-sup condition as well as ill-conditioning associated to the trace operator are investigated in the wavelet framework. Numerical results related to the 2D heat equation are presented.
Optical tomography of a birefringent medium

Equations of light propagation through a slightly anisotropic medium are derived. They are applied to the analysis of the tomographic problem of dielectric tensor fields. Two particular tomographic problems are also considered: (1) the axisymmetric problem and (2) the problem of the tensor with slight (but not negligible) rotations of the principal axes.
CONTENT-BASED AUTOFOCUSING IN AUTOMATED MICROSCOPY

Autofocusing is the fundamental step when it comes to image acquisition and analysis with automated microscopy devices. Despite all efforts that have been put into developing a reliable autofocus system, recent methods still lack robustness towards different microscope modes and distracting artefacts. This paper presents a novel automated focusing approach that is generally applicable to different microscope modes (bright-field, phase contrast, Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) and fluorescence microscopy). The main innovation consists in a Content-based focus search that makes use of a priori knowledge about the observed objects by employing local object features and Boosted Learning. Hence, this method turns away from common autofocus approaches that apply solely whole image frequency measurements to obtain the focus plane. Thus, it is possible to exclude artefacts from being brought into f ocus calculation as well as locating the in-focus layer of specific microscopic objects.
Iterative Methods for the Solution of Elliptic Problems on Regions, Partitioned Into Substructures

Finite element problems can often naturally be divided into subproblems which correspond to subregions into which the region has been partitioned or from which it was originally assembled. A class of iterative methods is discussed in which these subproblems are solved by direct methods, while the interaction across the curves or surfaces which divide the region is handled by a conjugate gradient method. A mathematical framework for this work is provided by regularity theory for elliptic finite element problems and by block Gaussian elimination. A full development of the theory, which shows that certain of these methods are optimal, is given for Lagrangian finite element approximations of second order linear elliptic problems in the plane. Results from numerical experiments are also reported.
The effects of tunnel blockage and aspect ratio on the mean flow past a circular cylinder with Reynolds numbers between 104 and 105

Results are presented of a series of experiments which were carried out with great care to produce accurate, comparable results in which the relatively small changes in the flow past a circular cylinder associated with varying blockage ratios can be clearly distinguished. The experiments cover a range of blockage from 2 to 16% and of aspect ratios from 4 to 10. End plates were fitted to the cylinders in all experiments. For blockage ratios less than 6%, it is shown that the effects of blockage on pressure distribution and the drag coefficient are small and that the Strouhal number is unaffected by blockage. For blockage ratios in the range 6–16%, there is considerable distortion of the flow due to blockage and the effects are complex. The pressure distribution is of a different form and the Strouhal number changes. Hoevever, conflicting influences result in a blocked drag coefficient which is not very different from that at no blockage. Reduction in aspect ratio has effects on drag coefficient and on base pressure coefficient which are similar to those associated with increase in blockage ratio. It is concluded that blockage correction procedures based on the momentum method and on the image method are unsatisfactory in their prediction of the unblocked drag coefficient but the momentum method predicts the unblocked base pressure coefficient quite well.
Wireless powering and communication in RFCMOS 180 nm for implantable thermal neuromodulators

A chip with wireless powering and bidirectional communication in RFCMOS 180 nm that can be used to control thermal implantable neuromodulators is presented. This device uses a 2 GHz signal for RF powering and communication and occupies 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm. The power consumption of this device is 17 mW with the thermoactuator deactivated. The building blocks of this device, namely its battery and power management, wireless power transfer and communication modules are presented and discussed.
Exploring Efficiency of Data Mining Techniques for Missing Link in Online Social Network

Missing link in Online Social Network (OSN) is an interesting problem for capturing missing relation and understanding user's behavior. The existing work introduced social features for training predictive models, but they used only SVM prediction technique for solving the problem. However, we suspect that other prediction techniques may give better performance. This study investigates prediction performances of SVM, k-NN, Decision Tree, Neural Networks, Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression and Random Forest using two OSN datasets (high-density and low density). We realize that the Random Forest technique has the best performance with F1-measure score. Moreover, this technique is most robust technique for the both datasets.
EVALUATING HYPOTHESES ABOUT DIFFERENTIAL ITEM FUNCTIONING1,2

Studies evaluating hypotheses about sources of differential item functioning (DIF) are classified into two categories: observational studies evaluating operational items and randomized DIF studies evaluating specially constructed items. For observational studies, advice is given for item classification, sample selection, the matching criterion, and the choice of DIF techniques, as well as how to summarize, synthesize and translate DIF data into DIF hypotheses. In randomized DIF studies of specially constructed items, specific hypotheses, often generated from observational studies, are evaluated under rigorous conditions. Advice for these studies focuses on the importance of carefully constructed items to assess DIF hypotheses. In addition, randomized DDF studies are cast within a causal inference framework, which provides a justification for the use of standardization analyses or logistic regression analysis to estimate effect sizes. Two studies that have components spanning the observational and controlled domains are summarized for illustrative purposes. Standardization analyses are used for both studies. Special logistic regression analyses of an item from one of these studies are provided to illustrate a new approach in the assessment of DIF hypotheses using specially constructed items.
An Objective Detection Method for Convective Cold Pool Events and Its Application to Northern Africa

AbstractConvective cold pool events in (semi) arid areas have significant impacts on their environment. They reach horizontal extents of up to several hundred kilometers and the associated turbulence and shear can cause dust emissions and threaten aviation safety. Furthermore, cold pools play a major role in the organization of deep convection and in horizontal moisture transport. They have even been proposed to have impacts on larger-scale monsoon dynamics. Cold pools are not well represented in models using a convective parameterization. To test and improve these models, it is necessary to reliably detect cold pool occurrence from standard observational data. Former studies, however, focused on single cases or short time periods.Here, an objective and automated method for the generation of multiyear climatologies of cold-pool events is presented. The algorithm combines standard surface observations with satellite microwave data. Representativeness of stations and influence of their spatial density are a.
Semiclassical analysis of hierarchical spectra

The semiclassical techniques developed in the previous paper are applied to the understanding of the hierarchical structure underlying the spectra. This organization, as analyzed by Davis with statistical models, is revealed by continuously changing the energy resolution of the spectra and noting the branching pattern of the peaks. We argue that the greater part of this hierarchical organization can be understood with classical events in the time domain.
Improved Pt∕Au and W∕Pt∕Au Schottky contacts on n-type ZnO using ozone cleaning

UV-ozone cleaning prior to metal deposition of either e-beam Pt contacts or sputtered W contacts on n-type single-crystal ZnO is found to significantly improve their rectifying characteristics. Pt contacts deposited directly on the as-received ZnO surface are Ohmic but show rectifying behavior with ozone cleaning. The Schottky barrier height of these Pt contacts was 0.70eV, with ideality factor of 1.5 and a saturation current density of 6.2×10−6Acm−2. In contrast, the as-deposited W contacts are Ohmic, independent of the use of ozone cleaning. Postdeposition annealing at 700°C produces rectifying behavior with Schottky barrier heights of 0.45eV for control samples and 0.49eV for those cleaned with ozone exposure. The improvement in rectifying properties of both the Pt and W contacts is related to removal of surface carbon contamination from the ZnO.
Analysis of high-speed target imaging based on vortex electromagnetic wave

The wavefront of Vortex electromagnetic wave (VEMW) is helical in the spatial distribution and different orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes l are orthogonal to each other, which effectively improve the imaging and detection capability of radar. The traditional echo signal ”stop and go” hypothesis will produce mismatch filtering and Doppler coupling time shift caused by the intrapulse Doppler term for high-speed targets. In addition, the azimuth of the target coupled with the OAM mode will also be blurred, resulting in deterioration of the imaging quality. For this problem, this paper analyzes the high-speed target imaging based on vortex electromagnetic waves to explore the factors that affect the imaging quality. Firstly, the imaging model for high-speed target is deduced and the echo signal expression is analyzed. On this basis, the phase term formed by the high-speed motion in the echo is analyzed. The simulation results show that the imaging quality is effectively improved after the error phase term obtained from the theoretical analysis is compensated. This work can provide suggestions for subsequent work on vortex imaging of high-speed targets.
Overexpression of E-Cadherin Is a Favorable Prognostic Biomarker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Simple Summary An oral cavity tumor, known as an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), has a five-year survival rate of just about 50%. Novel, easily, available biomarkers for prognosis evaluation are still required. Despite advancements in diagnosis and therapy, this rate has not grown in recent decades. Our study indicated that a lower expression of a protein named E-cadherin is related with a poor prognosis for OSCC patients. This evidence came from the meta-analysis of 25 studies, including 2553 patients, in which E-cadherin protein expression was assessed in their tumor sample by immunohistochemistry. This study highlights the promising role of E-cadherin assessment during routine histopathology diagnoses to support prognostic decision-making, and to pave the way for future studies to counteract its role in cancer progression. Abstract Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by poor survival, mostly due to local invasion, loco-regional recurrence, and metastasis. Given that the weakening of cell-to-cell adhesion is a feature associated with the migration and invasion of cancer cells, different studies have explored the prognostic utility of cell adhesion molecules such as E-cadherin (E-cad). This study aims to summarize current evidence in a meta-analysis, focusing on the prognostic role of E-cad in OSCC. To find studies meeting inclusion criteria, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, and OpenGrey databases were systematically assessed and screened. The selection process led to 25 studies, which were considered eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis, representing a sample of 2553 patients. E-cad overexpression was strongly associated with longer overall survival (OS) with Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.41 95% confidence interval (95% CI) (0.32–0.54); p < 0.001 and disease-free survival with HR 0.47 95% CI (0.37–0.61); p < 0.001. In terms of OS, patients with tongue cancer experienced better survivability when expressing E-cad with HR 0.28 95% CI (0.19–0.43); p < 0.001. Globally, our findings indicate the prognostic role of the immunohistochemical assessment of E-cad in OSCC and its expression might acquire a different role based on the oral cavity subsites.
Degradation Mechanism of Silver Sintering Die Attach Based on Thermal and Mechanical Reliability Testing

This article investigates the degradation mechanism of sintered silver (s-Ag) layer in silicon carbide (SiC) die attach by means of thermal shocked test (TST) and nine-point bending test (NBT). TST can thermally provide out-of-plane deformation with s-Ag die layer, whereas NBT developed by the authors can mechanically provide the out-of-plane deformation. Two types of Ag paste (NP: nanopaste and NMP: nano- and micropaste) are employed, which are sintered with 300 °C for 10 min under 60-MPa pressure for SiC die attach. TSTs are conducted under thermal cyclic loading between −40 °C and 150 °C with trapezoidal waveform for 60 min per a cycle. NBTs are conducted under cyclic mechanical loading between 0 and 300 N with triangle waveform for 3 min per a cycle at 150 °C. Scanning acoustic tomography (SAT) evaluates the die-attach delamination during TST and NBT, which starts from the edge of the die. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation demonstrates that mechanical cracking and material aging in s-Ag layer coexist after TST under the −40 °C to 150 °C conditions only. A damage parameter (DP) proposed in this study works well to fit the delamination area ratio in the cracking and cracking-aging specimens separately after 1000 cycles. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and classical pore growth discussion suggest that pores can grow under only tensile stress state at high temperature, which would have given rise to the difference between the two degradation mechanisms.
Optimal design : Experiments for discriminating between several models

In this paper we consider experimental designs for discriminating between three or more rival regression models. In an earlier paper (Atkinson & Fedorov, 1975) we described optimal designs for discriminating between two models. Although the approach and nomenclature of the present paper are similar to those of the earlier one, the results are not, except in some simple cases, a straightforward generalization of those when there are only two models. We now suppose that there are v rival regression models
Molecular orientation and anisotropic carrier mobility in poorly soluble polythiophene thin films

Oriented thin films of a poorly soluble polythiophene, poly[benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d′]bisthiazole-2,6-diyl(3′,4,4″,4″′-tetradodecyl[2,2′:5′,2″:5″,2″′-quaterthiophene]-5,5″′-diyl)], were fabricated using the friction-transfer technique. The detail of the film structure was investigated using polarized UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction observations. The friction-transfer technique enables control of the anisotropic carrier transport according to the face-on and/or edge-on molecular orientations in films with one-directionally aligned polymer backbones.
Loss of Nf1 and Ink4a/Arf Are Associated with Sex-Dependent Growth Differences in a Mouse Model of Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive form of cancer that accounts for half of all pediatric soft tissue sarcomas. Little progress has been made in improving survival outcomes over the past three decades. Mouse models of rhabdomyosarcoma are a critical component of translational research aimed at understanding tumor biology and developing new, improved therapies. Though several models exist, many common mutations found in human rhabdomyosarcoma tumors remain unmodeled and understudied. This study describes a new model of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma driven by the loss of Nf1 and Ink4a/Arf, two mutations commonly found in patient tumors. We find that this new model is histologically similar to other previously-published rhabdomyosarcoma models, although it substantially differs in the time required for tumor onset and in tumor growth kinetics. We also observe unique sex-dependent phenotypes in both primary and newly-developed orthotopic syngeneic allograft tumors that are not present in previous models. Using in vitro and in vivo studies, we examined the response to vincristine, a component of the standard-of-care chemotherapy for RMS. The findings from this study provide valuable insight into a new mouse model of rhabdomyosarcoma that addresses an ongoing need for patient-relevant animal models to further translational research.