Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reshaping Child Welfare’s Response to Trauma

Growing evidence has linked early trauma with severe psychiatric consequences. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a potentially debilitating mental health condition found among some youth in foster care and foster care alumni. However, the current child welfare practice response has not met the demands in both assessment and intervention. This critical review aims to use the evidence to reshape the child welfare response to trauma in children and adolescents. We begin with research on the psychiatric consequences of child maltreatment and issues related to diagnostic assessment for PTSD. Next, we compare major foster care/alumni studies showing considerably higher rates of PTSD among young foster care recipients and alumni than among nationally comparable groups. To inform practice on childhood trauma, we then summarize current evidence-based interventions showing effectiveness with PTSD. Finally, we address new dimensions, such as gene–environment research, posttraumatic growth, and implications for reshaping child welfare practice and foster care.
RED-f routing protocol for complex networks

In this paper, we address routing in complex networks. Routing traffic across a network requires finding best possible paths between sources and destinations. When data traffic changes dynamically, a path that was optimal in the past may not be the best for the next packet. Adapting to traffic changes and finding optimal paths dynamically are challenging tasks. They become more demanding in large and complex networks. In optical burst switching (OBS) networks, two optical bursts contending for the same link need resolution mechanisms other than queueing. Deflection routing protocols are used to override routing tables and “deflect” one of the bursts to a free link. Instead of deflecting bursts at an immediate point of contention, the proposed Random Early Deflection (RED-f) routing protocol triggers deflection ahead of time and, thus, offers additional routing paths and lowers the burst loss rate due to contention. Simulations demonstrate that RED-f enabled nodes in a scale-free complex network reduce burst loss rate by exchanging control information with only few other network nodes.
Applicability of the BCLC staging system to patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea: analysis at a single center with a liver transplant center

Background/Aims The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system is logical for the staging and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) because it was based on survival data. This study evaluated the applicability of the BCLC staging system and reasons for divergence from BCLC-recommended treatments in Korean HCC patients. Methods One hundred and sixty consecutive HCC patients were prospectively enrolled. Treatments were generally recommended according to the guideline of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, but patients were also informed about alternative treatments. The final decision was made with patient agreement, and was based on the doctor's preferences when a patient was unable to reach a decision. Results There were 2 (1%), 101 (64%), 20 (12.5%), 34 (21.5%), and 3 (1%) patients with very early-, early-, intermediate-, advanced-, and terminal-stage disease, respectively. Only 64 patients (40%) were treated according to BCLC recommendations. The treatment deviated from BCLC recommendations in 68% (69/101) and 79% (27/34) of patients with early and advanced stage, respectively. The main causes of deviation were refusal to undergo surgery, the presence of an indeterminate malignancy nodule, the absence of a suitable donor, or financial problems. Conclusions Donor shortage, financial problems, the relatively limited efficacy of molecular targeting agents, and the presence of an indeterminate nodule were the main causes of deviation from BCLC recommendations. Even after excluding cases in which decisions were made by patient preference, only 66% of the HCC patients were treated according to BCLC recommendations. Treatment guidelines that reflect the Korean situation are mandatory for HCC patients.
Haptic exploration of objects with rolling and sliding

We present an approach for haptic exploration of unknown objects with dextrous robotic hands. The emphasis is on developing a robust manipulation process that allows fingers to traverse the surface of an object. The process consists of a sequence of phases in which some fingers are responsible for grasping and manipulating the object while others roll and slide over the object surface. The rolling/sliding fingers can utilize sensors to determine surface properties such as texture, friction or small features such as grooves and ridges. Simulations and experiments with a two-fingered hand were conducted to investigate the robustness of the approach for exploring various object shapes.
Vision Guided Cutting Skill Acquisition for Cognitive Robots

In this paper, we present a cognitive learning framework for the humanoid robot to acquire cutting skill. Our framework consists of two main modules: 1) A visual module that is trained using the deep feature to visually estimate object firmness level, and 2) A motor skill learning module that adopts reinforcement learning method to generate optimized control parameters for cutting. We propose a method that is based on the consideration of energy efficiency for the cutting motion. Experiments conducted on both tasks show that 1) the visual module is able to estimate firmness level of a novel object with state-of-the-art performance, and 2) the motor learning module, given the estimated firmness level from the visual module, is able to improve the actual performance of cutting on a humanoid robot (Baxter). Also, we show that the energy efficiency measure we proposed is a proper criterion for evaluating the cutting skill on cognitive robots.
How nature contributes to mental and physical health

Irrespective of where we come from in the world, it seems that the presence of living things makes us feel good. There are three levels of engagement with nature. The first is viewing nature, as through a window, or in a book, on television or in a painting. The second is being in the presence of usually nearby nature, which is incidental to some other activity, such as walking or cycling to work, or reading on a garden seat or talking to friends in a park. The third is active participation and involvement with nature, such as gardening or farming, trekking or running. There is now strong evidence that all these levels deliver mental health benefits. The evidence also suggests that green spaces and nearby nature should be seen as a fundamental health resource. Physical activity is now known to be a co-determinant of health. Yet there has been a dramatic fall in physical activity in recent decades, with severe health consequences. Exercising in the presence of nature (green exercise) thus has important public and environmental health consequences. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The influence of school leadership styles and culture on students' achievement in Cyprus primary schools

Purpose – This study aims to examine the validation of both the model of direct effects and the model of indirect effects of principals' leadership on student academic achievement.Design/methodology/approach – A longitudinal study was conducted in which 22 schools, 55 classes and 1,224 Cypriot primary students participated. Specifically, achievements in Greek Language and Mathematics were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the same school year. Moreover, leadership style of school principals and teachers as well as school and classroom culture was measured.Findings – The findings provide some empirical support for the model of direct effects of principals' leadership on student academic achievement. Moreover, student achievement gains were found to be related with five factors at the school level: the principals' human resource leadership style and four dimensions of organizational culture. At the classroom level, three dimensions of learning culture significantly influence student achievement in.
Significant clinical impact of a rapid molecular diagnostic test (Genotype MTBDRplus assay) to detect multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND There are limited data on the clinical impact of rapid diagnostic tests to detect multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). We sought to determine whether the use of a molecular diagnostic test to detect MDR-TB improves clinical outcomes. METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted to analyze the impact of the Genotype MTBDRplus assay on clinical outcomes among patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary MDR-TB. Patients received treatment at the National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases in Tbilisi, Georgia. Time to MDR-TB treatment initiation, culture conversion, and infection control measures were compared to a time period prior to the implementation of the molecular test. RESULTS Of 152 MDR-TB patients, 72 (47%) were from prior to and 80 (53%) following implementation of the MTBDRplus assay ("post-implementation group"). Patients in the post-implementation group initiated a second-line treatment regimen more rapidly than those in the pre-implementation group (18.2 vs 83.9 days, P < .01). Among patients admitted to a "drug-susceptible" tuberculosis ward, those from the post-implementation group spent significantly fewer days on the drug-susceptible ward compared to patients in the pre-implementation group (10.0 vs 58.3 days, P < .01). Among patients with 24 weeks follow-up (n = 119), those in the post-implementation group had a higher rate of culture conversion at 24 weeks (86% vs 63%, P < .01) and a more rapid rate of time to culture conversion (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 4.15, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5-6.9). CONCLUSIONS The implementation of a rapid molecular diagnostic test led to significant clinical improvements including reduced time to initiation of MDR-TB treatment, culture conversion, and improved infection control practices.
Characterization of the hepatic canalicular membrane transport of a model oligopeptide: ditekiren.

Many small oligopeptides are rapidly excreted unchanged into bile, which requires vectorial transport across the hepatocyte. To characterize the involved carrier system(s) at the canalicular membrane, studies were undertaken with vesicle preparations from the rat and the model pseudohexapeptide ditekiren. The initial uptake rate into inside-out-oriented vesicles was found to be ATP- and temperature-dependent and saturable. Kinetic analysis indicated the involvement of three processes: (1) an ATP-dependent carrier-mediated process (Km = 19.1 +/- 4.26 microM; mean +/- S.E.M.), Vmax = 140 +/- 29.4 pmol/mg of protein/15 sec), (2) an ATP-independent carrier-mediated transporter (Km = 17.2 +/- 9.58 microM, Vmax = 62.9 +/- 24.5 pmol/mg of protein/15 sec) and (3) a nonsaturable component. ATP-dependent uptake was inhibited by several other oligopeptides, which in the case of EMD 51921 was competitive. Cis-inhibition studies with known substrates for the canalicular bile salt (taurocholate), multispecific organic anion (glutathione disulfide) and P-glycoprotein (daunomycin, nicardipine, cyclosporin A) transporters indicated a major role for the latter carrier system. Inhibition of the initial uptake rate of ditekiren by daunomycin was found to be competitive in nature (Ki = 16 microM). These findings indicate that the biliary excretion of ditekiren and possibly other hydrophobic oligopeptides is mediated, in part, by P-glycoprotein and suggest a possible physiological role for this hepatic transporter.
Cellular Prion Protein Expression Is Not Regulated by the Alzheimer's Amyloid Precursor Protein Intracellular Domain

There is increasing evidence of molecular and cellular links between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and prion diseases. The cellular prion protein, PrPC, modulates the post-translational processing of the AD amyloid precursor protein (APP), through its inhibition of the β-secretase BACE1, and oligomers of amyloid-β bind to PrPC which may mediate amyloid-β neurotoxicity. In addition, the APP intracellular domain (AICD), which acts as a transcriptional regulator, has been reported to control the expression of PrPC. Through the use of transgenic mice, cell culture models and manipulation of APP expression and processing, this study aimed to clarify the role of AICD in regulating PrPC. Over-expression of the three major isoforms of human APP (APP695, APP751 and APP770) in cultured neuronal and non-neuronal cells had no effect on the level of endogenous PrPC. Furthermore, analysis of brain tissue from transgenic mice over-expressing either wild type or familial AD associated mutant human APP revealed unaltered PrPC levels. Knockdown of endogenous APP expression in cells by siRNA or inhibition of γ-secretase activity also had no effect on PrPC levels. Overall, we did not detect any significant difference in the expression of PrPC in any of the cell or animal-based paradigms considered, indicating that the control of cellular PrPC levels by AICD is not as straightforward as previously suggested.
A survey of English teenagers' sexual experience and preferences for school-based sex education

Rates of sexually transmitted infections and teenage pregnancy amongst the under-16s are causing increasing concern. There is limited evidence about the sexual behaviour and sex education preferences of this age group, especially of those from Black and minority ethnic groups. This study aimed to provide data on early heterosexual risk behaviour, and to examine preferences for the content and delivery of sex and relationships education (SRE), across ethnicity, gender and school year to inform priority setting and sex education strategies. A cross-sectional study of 3334 13–17-year-olds from 10 English urban and suburban secondary schools was conducted. Multivariate analysis was performed to examine the independent effect of demographic variables on sexual experience and preferences for sex education. A number of important differences in the sexual experience and condom use of males and females across the ethnic groups were identified. Differences in preferences for the content and delivery of sex education were also identified, particularly between male and female pupils. The findings indicate the potential for quite wide variation in sexual experience and preferences within school classrooms. The challenge for educators is therefore to develop SRE curricula that are inclusive within the constraints of school teaching.
A CIL Virtual Machine for Wireless Sensor Network Applications

This paper describes CILIX, a compact and powerful implementation of a CIL virtual machine working on resource-poor wireless sensor nodes. CILIX can process CIL programs on a device that has such limited computational resources as an 8-bit/16-bit CPU, 32-KB program memory, and 4-KB RAM. It provides many useful functions for a sensor node, including an I/O manager with UDP, FAT 32, thread control, and dynamic program replacement. For developing software on sensor nodes using CILIX, developers can chose programming languages from C#, C++/CLI, Visual Basic, J++, F#, and the many other languages supported by the . NET Framework.
State estimation of wastewater treatment processes using distributed extended Kalman filters

In this work, we develop a distributed state estimation scheme for wastewater treatment processes in the context of extended Kalman filtering. Specifically, we consider a wastewater treatment process that includes a five-compartment reactor and an ideal splitter. First, we present a method to design the sensor network for the process and then discuss how the process may be decomposed into subsystems for distributed state estimation. We present a detailed design of the distributed filters and a detailed distributed state estimation algorithm to coordinate the actions of the different filters. The distributed scheme is compared with a centralized extended Kalman filtering scheme under dry weather conditions. Simulation results show that the distributed scheme can give comparable estimation performance to the centralized scheme or even better performance than the centralized scheme. Also, the distributed estimation scheme is shown to have more stable performance under different noise conditions.
Division Algebras and Supersymmetry IV

Recent work applying higher gauge theory to the superstring has indicated the presence of 'higher symmetry', and the same methods work for the super-2-brane. In the previous paper in this series, we used a geometric technique to construct a 'Lie 2-supergroup' extending the Poincare supergroup in precisely those spacetime dimensions where the classical Green-Schwarz superstring makes sense: 3, 4, 6 and 10. In this paper, we use the same technique to construct a 'Lie 3-supergroup' extending the Poincare supergroup in precisely those spacetime dimensions where the classical Green-Schwarz super-2-brane makes sense: 4, 5, 7 and 11. Because the geometric tools are identical, our focus here is on the precise definition of a Lie 3-supergroup.
Situational interest: Its multifaceted structure in the secondary school mathematics classroom.

The present study attempted to tackle a hurdle that continues to plague the research on interest: the lack of an adequate theoretical model. In particular, the tenability of a hypothetical construct of interest as it applies to the secondary mathematics classroom was proposed and empirically assessed. Building on previous theoretical work, the study used qualitative and quantitative methodologies to first develop a model and then assess its construct validity. The results indicate that it is useful to distinguish between personal and situational interest. Furthermore, the results indicate that the structure of situational interest is multifaceted, clarifying 5 subfacets of situational interest in the high school mathematics classroom
Nitric oxide donor molsidomine attenuates psychotomimetic effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK‐801

There is experimental evidence indicating that the non‐competitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK‐801 impairs cognition and produces a series of schizophrenia‐like symptoms in rodents (hypermotility, stereotypies, and ataxia). The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of the nitric oxide (NO) donor molsidomine in counteracting these MK‐801‐induced behavioral effects in the rat. In a first study, post‐training administration of molsidomine (at 4 but not 2 mg/kg) successfully antagonized MK‐801‐induced performance deficits in a recognition memory test. In a subsequent study, molsidomine (2 and 4 mg/kg) was shown to be unable to reverse MK‐801‐induced hypermotility but attenuated stereotypies (continuous movement whole cage, body sway, and head weaving) produced by MK‐801. Moreover, at 4 mg/kg this NO donor counteracted MK‐801‐induced ataxia. Our findings indicate that molsidomine attenuates behavioral effects related to the hypofunction of the NMDA receptor suggesting that NO might be involved in the psychotomimetic effects of non‐competitive NMDA receptor antagonists. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Young Children of Parents with Substance Use Disorders (SUD): A Review of the Literature and Implications for Social Work Practice

SUMMARY This article reviews the scientific literature that focuses on school-age children of parents with substance use disorder (SUD). The review examined the subjects, instruments, and results of 10 scientific studies published from 1985 to the present (2006). Generally, school-age children of parents with SUD demonstrated a variety of emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and social problems. Specifically, (a) children of drug users (CODs) were at higher risk than children of alcoholics (COAs) for psychopathology and functional impairments, and (b) Children of parents diagnosed as having SUDs (particularly alcohol), along with anti-social personality disorder (ASPD) showed more negative psychosocial outcomes than children whose parents did not have ASPD. Recommendations for future research and implications for social work practice are discussed.
A peer review process for games and software

A peer‐review process for assessing the contribution of artifacts, such as games and software to research, is proposed. Games and software produced as research output by academics tend to be accredited within their institution through discussion of the artifact, rather than directly. An independent judg‐ment by peers confirming an artifact's contribution of something new, concep‐tually or practically, to a discipline can then be used by academics as evidence in secondary research appraisals, such as promotion appraisals or research assessment exercises, an example being the United Kingdom's Research Assessment Exercise. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Eurospeech 2001 -scandinavia Noise Reduction Using Paired-microphones for Both Far-eld and Near-eld Sound Sources

The neareld problem is a source of anxiety with beamforming techniques. We propose a strategy to solve the neareld problem by using a subtractive beamforming technique. The authors earlier proposed a method for noise reduction using paired-microphones. In this paper, the method is improved for neareld sound sources. The proposed method can maintain a high performance regardless of the distance between the sound source and an array, but the performance of a Delay-and-Sum beamformer declines even if the amplitude of the target signal is normalized. The concept of \paired-microphones" in the proposed method is the key for solving the neareld problem.
Otx1 function overlaps with Otx2 in development of mouse forebrain and midbrain

Background: We previously reported that the homozygous mutation of Otx2 gene, a mouse cognate of the Drosophila head gap gene orthodenticle, causes failure in the development of the rostral head anterior to rhombomere 3, which may correspond to earlier Otx2 expression in cells destined for the anterior mesoendoderm. At the same time, the Otx2 heterozygous mutation displayed a phenotype characterized as otocephaly, probably related to expression in the anterior neuroectoderm at the subsequent pharyngula stage. Defects were characteristic in the most anterior and posterior regions of Otx2 expression where Otx1, another mouse cognate of orthodenticle, is not or weakly expressed. They were not found in the region where Otx1 is expressed.
Opinion Question Answering: Towards a Unified Approach

Nowadays, the Web contains large amounts of heterogeneous (factual and opinionated) data, which is becoming equally important for users to access. The need to efficiently manage this information leads to the necessity of building automatic systems that efficiently process it. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a series of techniques whose aim is to improve the performance of an Opinion Question Answering (OQA) system. We include additional resources and processes with the objective of limiting the sources of errors in the different stages involved-question analysis, answer retrieval and filtering, answer re-ranking. We propose new elements that are significant in these stages and show that their use improves the performance of the system. We conclude that the suggested techniques help to influences the task in a positive manner.