Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AFM1 in Milk: Physical, Biological, and Prophylactic Methods to Mitigate Contamination

Aflatoxins (AFs) are toxic, carcinogenic, immunosuppressive secondary metabolites produced by some Aspergillus species which colonize crops, including many dietary staple foods and feed components. AFB1 is the prevalent and most toxic among AFs. In the liver, it is biotransformed into AFM1, which is then excreted into the milk of lactating mammals, including dairy animals. AFM1 has been shown to be cause of both acute and chronic toxicoses. The presence of AFM1 in milk and dairy products represents a worldwide concern since even small amounts of this metabolite may be of importance as long-term exposure is concerned. Contamination of milk may be mitigated either directly, decreasing the AFM1 content in contaminated milk, or indirectly, decreasing AFB1 contamination in the feed of dairy animals. Current strategies for AFM1 mitigation include good agricultural practices in pre-harvest and post-harvest management of feed crops (including storage) and physical or chemical decontamination of feed and milk. However, no single strategy offers a complete solution to the issue.
O discurso das fundações corporativas: caminhos de uma "nova" filantropia?

Private social investment usually takes place through corporate foundations. This article analyzes how foundations shape a discourse to create a relationship with corporations and the society based on social responsibility. The discourse analysis method is used here to identify and understand how the company and the society are present in the discourse of six foundations. The analysis reveals that corporate foundations are not only the protagonists in the creation of social value, but they are also playing a strategic role in the company. This happens, fi rst, when these foundations dialogue with stakeholders, becoming a point of reference for the understanding of the necessities, interests and expectations of the society. Second, because they are an amplifi ed space for management, as the company is signifi cantly present in the discourse of foundations.
Potentiation of angiogenic response by ischemic and hypoxic reconditioning of the heart

This review is intended to discuss the newly discovered role of preconditioning which should make it an attractive therapeutic stimulus for repairing the injured myocardium. We recently found that apart from rendering the myocardium tolerant to ischemic reperfusion injury, preconditioning also potentiates angiogenesis. Our study demonstrated for the first time that both ischemic and hypoxic preconditioning triggered myocardial angiogenesis at the capillary and arteriolar levels which nicely corroborated with the improved myocardial contractile function.Hypoxic preconditioning resulted in the stimulation of VEGF, the most potent angiogenic factor known to date. In concert, endothelial cell specific tyrosine kinase receptors, Tie 1, Tie 2 and Flt‐1 and Flk‐1 were also significantly enhanced in the preconditioned myocardium. The redox‐regulated transcription factor NFkB was found to play an essential role in the preconditioning regulation of angiogenesis
Les coopératives agricoles face à l’internationalisation et à la mondialisation des marchés

Les cooperatives agricoles francaises sont confrontees depuis plusieurs decennies a un changement radical de leur environnement, des evolutions de la politique agricole commune en passant par la concentration croissante de la grande distribution. Cet article examine leurs evolutions organisationnelles au regard des strategies qu'elles deploient pour faire face aux contraintes reglementaires et concurrentielles. Les cooperatives ont modifie leur organisation en se complexifiant sous forme de groupes d'entreprises ou en diversifiant leurs activites. Au-dela des strategies de concentration, elles ont developpe des strategies d'integration verticale, de diversification et d'internationalisation. De nouveaux defis se posent alors aux cooperatives agricoles. Si l'essor des cooperatives ne peut desormais plus faire abstraction de la prise en compte du consommateur, l'article montre qu'elles doivent concilier les tensions liees a leur insertion sur les marches et les territoires dans la perspective du maintien du pouvoir de l'adherent proprietaire, de la gestion de la volatilite des marches et du developpement durable.
Information quality in proteomics

Proteomics, the study of the protein complement of a biological system, is generating increasing quantities of data from rapidly developing technologies employed in a variety of different experimental workflows. Experimental processes, e.g. for comparative 2D gel studies or LC-MS/MS analyses of complex protein mixtures, involve a number of steps: from experimental design, through wet and dry lab operations, to publication of data in repositories and finally to data annotation and maintenance. The presence of inaccuracies throughout the processing pipeline, however, results in data that can be untrustworthy, thus offsetting the benefits of high-throughput technology. While researchers and practitioners are generally aware of some of the information quality issues associated with public proteomics data, there are few accepted criteria and guidelines for dealing with them. In this article, we highlight factors that impact on the quality of experimental data and review current approaches to information quality management in proteomics. Data quality issues are considered throughout the lifecycle of a proteomics experiment, from experiment design and technique selection, through data analysis, to archiving and sharing.
The anterior mediastinal approach for management of tracheomalacia.

BACKGROUND Tracheomalacia occurs as a primary developmental defect or may be secondary to vascular compression. It is common in association with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. Collapse of the weak trachea is a cause of recurrent respiratory symptoms but may be severe and life threatening. METHODS Between 1978 and 1999 at Sheffield Children's Hospital and The Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, of 16 children with clinically significant symptoms of tracheomalacia 8 underwent combined aortopexy and tracheopexy, 1 had aortopexy alone, 4 only had a tracheopexy, and 3 had tracheal reinforcement with free costal cartilage ring grafts. The surgical approach was limited to a low cervical skin crease incision with a midline manubrial split providing extrapleural access to the anterior mediastinum and allowing for all surgery under direct unimpaired vision. RESULTS Ten children did not require postoperative ventilatory support. Four underwent ventilation for a few hours or days. One child required CPAP for 4 months for residual tracheomalacia and a further child, who had 3 operations to insert 11 costal cartilage ring grafts, underwent ventilation intermittently for 6 months. Adequate tracheal patency could be verified by intraoperative tracheoscopy and was sustained postoperatively so that only 1 child with associated bilateral vocal cord paralysis came to tracheostomy. Four children required prolonged hospitalization because of residual tracheomalacia, 2 for bronchomalacia and 2 because of esophageal narrowing leading to further surgery. All other children were fit for discharge within 10 to 30 days of surgery. Long-term follow-up has confirmed sustained tracheal improvement and resolution of the life-threatening features of tracheomalacia. CONCLUSIONS The authors recommend the low skin crease transmanubrial approach, as described by Vaishnav and MacKinnon, for tracheopexy, aortopexy and for tracheal reconstruction for tracheomalacia. The approach gives excellent access for surgery under direct vision through a relatively avascular plane. It is associated with less morbidity than a conventional thoracotomy and leaves a more acceptable aesthetic scar.
Classification of Metastatic versus Non-Metastatic Axillary Nodes in Breast Cancer Patients: Value of Cortex-Hilum Area Ratio with Ultrasound

Purpose To investigate the significance of the cortex-hilum (CH) area ratio and longitudinal-transverse (LT) axis ratio and the blood flow pattern for diagnosis of metastatic axillary lymph nodes by ultrasound in breast cancer patients. Methods From October 2005 to July 2006, we prospectively evaluated axillary nodes with ultrasound in 205 consecutive patients who had category 4B, 4C or 5 breast lesions according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System-Ultrasound (BI-RADS-Ultrasound®). Among the 205, there were 24 patients who had pathologic verification of breast cancer and axillary lymph node status. For a total of 80 axillary nodes we measured the areas of the cortex and hilum of lymph nodes and calculated the area ratio. We also measured the length of the longitudinal and transverse axis of the lymph nodes and calculated the length ratio. We evaluated the blood flow pattern on power Doppler imaging and classified each lymph node into a central or peripheral pattern. Diagnostic performance was analyzed according to positive criteria for lymph node metastasis (CH area ratio >2, LT axis ratio <2, peripheral type on power Doppler imaging). Results The sensitivity of the CH area ratio was superior to that of the LT axis ratio (94.1% vs. 82.3%, p=0.031) and to that of the blood flow pattern (94.1% vs. 29.4%, p=0.009). For specificity, all three evaluating parameters had high values (89.1-95.6%) and no significant differences were found (p=0.121). The CH area ratio had a better positive predictive value than the LT axis ratio (94.1% vs. 80.0%, p=0.030) and power Doppler imaging (94.1% vs. 66.6%, p=0.028). For the negative predictive value, the CH area ratio was superior to the LT axis ratio (95.6% vs. 86.6%, p=0.035) and the blood flow pattern (95.6% vs. 63.0%, p=0.027). Conclusion We recommend the CH area ratio of an axillary lymph node on ultrasound as a quantitative indicator for the classification of lymph nodes. The CH area ratio can improve diagnostic performance when compared with the LT axis ratio or blood flow pattern.
Come out and play: Shyness in childhood and the benefits of organized sports participation.

The purpose of the current study was to examine the role of organised sport participation as a moderator of the links between shyness and psychosocial maladjustment in childhood. Participants at Time 1 were 355 elementary schoolchildren (M age = 10.1 years, SD = 0.6); at Time 2, 1 year later, 201 children (56%) were retained. At both time points, children completed self-report assessments of their shyness and aggression, sport participation, and psychosocial adjustment. Parents also rated children's social skills. Overall, results indicated that sport participation was positively related to indices of positive adjustment (e.g., social skills, self-esteem). In contrast, shyness was associated with social skill deficiencies and internalizing problems. However, some evidence was also found to suggest that sport participation plays a unique protective role for shy children. Shy children who participated in sport over time reported a significant decrease in anxiety. Results are discussed in terms of the role of sport as a social context to enhance shy children's peer relations.
‘Venus trapped, Mars transits': Cu and Fe redox chemistry, cellular topography and in situ ligand binding in terrestrial isopod hepatopancreas

Woodlice efficiently sequester copper (Cu) in ‘cuprosomes' within hepatopancreatic ‘S' cells. Binuclear ‘B’ cells in the hepatopancreas form iron (Fe) deposits; these cells apparently undergo an apocrine secretory diurnal cycle linked to nocturnal feeding. Synchrotron-based µ-focus X-ray spectroscopy undertaken on thin sections was used to characterize the ligands binding Cu and Fe in S and B cells of Oniscus asellus (Isopoda). Main findings were: (i) morphometry confirmed a diurnal B-cell apocrine cycle; (ii) X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping indicated that Cu was co-distributed with sulfur (mainly in S cells), and Fe was co-distributed with phosphate (mainly in B cells); (iii) XRF mapping revealed an intimate morphological relationship between the basal regions of adjacent S and B cells; (iv) molecular modelling and Fourier transform analyses indicated that Cu in the reduced Cu+ state is mainly coordinated to thiol-rich ligands (Cu–S bond length 2.3 Å) in both cell types, while Fe in the oxidized Fe3+ state is predominantly oxygen coordinated (estimated Fe–O bond length of approx. 2 Å), with an outer shell of Fe scatterers at approximately 3.05 Å; and (v) no significant differences occur in Cu or Fe speciation at key nodes in the apocrine cycle. Findings imply that S and B cells form integrated unit-pairs; a functional role for secretions from these cellular units in the digestion of recalcitrant dietary components is hypothesized.
Between Tourists’ Faith and Perceptions of Travel Risk

Attempting to uncover the factors that generate risk perceptions, the literature so far has been looking primarily at sociodemographic determinants. Significantly less attention has been given to cultural constructs as possible explanatory determinants. This exploratory paper aims to show within the cultural framework how being a religious tourist shapes one’s range, characteristics, and relative importance of travel-related risk perceptions. The study used Haredi women (a community of ultraorthodox religious Jews living in Israel) as a case study and nominal group technique (NGT) embedded into a value stretch model as an integrated methodology. Results show that unlike what was initially postulated, Haredim share risk perceptions common among nonreligious tourists but they are more concerned with travel logistics and physical conditions. However, religiously induced risk perceptions are surprisingly minimal due to zero risk tolerance. Consequently, operation management issues are discussed to offer risk-reduced travel to groups with special risk perception characteristics.
Homology-dependent changes in adenosine 5'-triphosphate hydrolysis during recA protein promoted DNA strand exchange: evidence for long paranemic complexes.

As a first step in DNA strand exchange, recA protein forms a filamentous complex on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), which contains stoichiometric (one recA monomer per four nucleotides) amounts of recA protein. recA protein monomers within this complex hydrolyze ATP with a turnover number of 25 min-1. Upon introduction of linear homologous duplex DNA to initiate strand exchange, this rate of ATP hydrolysis drops by 33%. The decrease in rate is complete in less than 2 min, and the rate of ATP hydrolysis then remains constant during and subsequent to the strand exchange reaction. This drop is completely dependent upon homology in the duplex DNA. In addition, the magnitude of the drop is linearly dependent upon the length of the homologous region in the linear duplex DNA. Linear DNA substrates in which pairing is topologically restricted to a paranemic joint also follow this relationship. Taken together, these properties imply that all of the available homology in the incoming duplex DNA is detected very early in the DNA strand exchange reaction, with the linear duplex DNA paired paranemically with the homologous ssDNA in the complex throughout its length. The results indicate that paranemic joints can extend over thousands of base pairs. We note elsewhere [Pugh, B. F. , & Cox, M. M. (1987b) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 1337-1343] that this duplex acquires resistance to digestion by DNase with a much slower time course (30 min), which parallels the progress of strand exchange. Together these results imply that the duplex DNA is paired with the ssDNA but remains outside the nucleoprotein filament. Finally, the results also support the notion that ATP hydrolysis occurs throughout the recA nucleoprotein filament.
Nber Working Paper Series Technological Innovation, Resource Allocation, and Growth We Thank Hal Varian for Helping Us in Extracting Information on Patents from Google Patents Database. We Are Grateful To

SITE for helpful discussions. We are grateful to Tom Nicholas for sharing his patent citations data. The authors thank the Fama-Miller Center at University of Chicago, the Zell Center and the Jerome Kenney Fund for financial assistance. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source.
A Tale of two Wells: Noise-Induced Adaptiveness in Self-Organized Systems

One of the core aspects that make self-organized systems an interesting engineering paradigm is their potential to behave adaptively. Unravelling the fundamental mechanisms that drive this adaptiveness is of prime importance for understanding and designing such systems. The present paper demonstrates that noise is one of the core ingredients that enables self-organized systems to behave adaptively. This suggests that noise should be taken into account as a constructive component when engineering them.Our study analyses two different but closely related self-organized systems: a man-made system, Ant Colony Optimization algorithms (ACO), and real ant colonies, the natural system that inspired ACO. We demonstrate that the conventionally used mean-field analysis is not a correct description of their behavior in dynamic environments. This can only be achieved by a stochastic analysis that quantitatively takes noise into account. We present such an analysis based on Ito-Diffusions and Fokker-Planck equations and show it to be consistent with experimental data.Real ant colonies and ACO are both controlled by coupled self-limiting feedback loops. Decision making in such systems can be understood as stochastic attractor switching. This is the basis of our analysis. As coupled feedback mechanism are a universal control mechanism found in many types of self-organized systems, we expect our approach to be applicable to a vast array of other natural and man-made self-organized systems.
Distribution of ribonucleic acid in the regenerating urodele limb as determined by autoradiographic localization of uridine‐H3

The weight of accumulated data suggests an association of ribonucleic acid with heightened metabolism and cell growth, and implicates this nucleic acid in the process of protein synthesis (for review see Brachet, ’57). Studies of re-generating urodele limbs (Ide-Rozas, ’36; Jacovleva, ’43; Clement-Noel, ‘44; Roskin and Kharlova, ’44; Brachet, ’50) reveal that the RNA concentration of the regenerating limb is increased relative to that of the unamputated limb, and the baso-philia of the blastema cells and wound epidermis has been remarked. An earlier study (Bodemer and Everett, ’59) described the localization of methionine-Ss5 in the regenerating newt limb. This investigation is devoted to definition of sites of RNA concentration in the regenerating urodele forelimb by autoradiographic localization of administered uridine-H’.
A Classification Algorithm Based on Association Rule Mining

The main difference of the associative classification algorithms is how to mine frequent item sets, analyze the rules exported and use for classification. This paper presents an associative classification algorithm based on Trie-tree that named CARPT, which remove the frequent items that cannot generate frequent rules directly by adding the count of class labels. And we compress the storage of database using the two-dimensional array of vertical data format, reduce the number of scanning the database significantly, at the same time, it is convenient to count the support of candidate sets. So, time and space can be saved effectively. The experiment results show that the algorithm is feasible and effective.
Managing genetic search in job shop scheduling

The Vanderbilt Schedule Optimizer Prototype (VSOP), which uses genetic algorithms as search methods for job shop scheduling problems, is discussed. A job shop is a facility that produces goods according to prespecified process plans, under several domain-dependent and common sense constraints. The scheduling of orders in a job shop is a multifaceted problem. VSOP uses domain-specific chromosome representations, recombination operators, and local enumerative search to increase efficiency. Experimental results from a fully implemented VSOP package are presented. <<ETX>>
A simple tree search method for playing Ms. Pac-Man

Ms. Pac-Man is a challenging game for software agents that has been the focus of a significant amount of research. This paper describes the current state of a tree-search software agent that will be entered into the IEEE CIG 2009 screen-capture based Ms. Pac-Man software agent competition. While game-tree search is a staple technique for many games, this paper is, perhaps surprisingly, the first attempt we know of to apply it to Ms. Pac-Man. The approach we take is to expand a route-tree based on possible moves that the Ms. Pac-Man agent can take to depth 40, and evaluate which path is best using hand-coded heuristics. On a simulator of the game our agent has achieved a high score of 40,000, but only around 15,000 on the original game using a screen-capture interface. Our next steps are focussed on using an improved screen-capture system, and on using evolutionary algorithms to tune the parameters of the agent.
Ventilation in chest trauma

Chest trauma is one important factor for total morbidity and mortality in traumatized emergency patients. The complexity of injury in trauma patients makes it challenging to provide an optimal oxygenation while protecting the lung from further ventilator-induced injury to it. On the other hand, lung trauma needs to be treated on an individual basis, depending on the magnitude, location and type of lung or chest injury. Several aspects of ventilatory management in emergency patients are summarized herein and may give the clinician an overview of the treatment possibilities for chest trauma victims.
Detecting Changes in Forest Structure over Time with Bi-Temporal Terrestrial Laser Scanning Data

Changes to stems caused by natural forces and timber harvesting constitute an essential input for many forestry-related applications and ecological studies, especially forestry inventories based on the use of permanent sample plots. Conventional field measurement is widely acknowledged as being time-consuming and labor-intensive. More automated and efficient alternatives or supportive methods are needed. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has been demonstrated to be a promising method in forestry field inventories. Nevertheless, the applicability of TLS in recording changes in the structure of forest plots has not been studied in detail. This paper presents a fully automated method for detecting changes in forest structure over time using bi-temporal TLS data. The developed method was tested on five densely populated forest plots including 137 trees and 50 harvested trees in point clouds. The present study demonstrated that 90 percent of tree stem changes could be automatically located from single-scan TLS data. These changes accounted for 92 percent of the changed basal area. The results indicate that the processing of TLS data collected at different times to detect tree stem changes can be fully automated.