Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Interface Theory Based Approach to Verification of Web Services

The verification of Web services becomes a challenge in software verification. This paper presents a framework for verification of Web service interfaces at various abstraction levels. Its foundation is the interface theory for Web services, in which transaction features are incorporated. Within the framework, one may check non mutual invocation, compatibility and refinement of Web services at signature, conversation and protocol levels. At protocol level, we present a model checking approach to verifying the protocol properties in action set computation tree logic (ASCTL). The paper also discusses the integration of our framework into the Web service development
Genetic tailoring of N-linked oligosaccharides: the role of glucose residues in glycoprotein processing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vivo.

In higher eukaryotes a quality control system monitoring the folding state of glycoproteins is located in the ER and is composed of the proteins calnexin, calreticulin, glucosidase II, and UDP-glucose: glycoprotein glucosyltransferase. It is believed that the innermost glucose residue of the N- linked oligosaccharide of a glycoprotein serves as a tag in this control system and therefore performs an important function in the protein folding pathway. To address this function, we constructed Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains which contain nonglucosylated (G0), monoglucosylated (G1), or diglucosylated (G2) glycoproteins in the ER and used these strains to study the role of glucose residues in the ER processing of glycoproteins. These alterations of the oligosaccharide structure did not result in a growth phenotype, but the induction of the unfolded protein response upon treatment with DTT was much higher in G0 and G2 strains as compared to wild-type and G1 strains. Our results provide in vivo evidence that the G1 oligosaccharide is an active oligosaccharide structure in the ER glycoprotein processing pathway of S.cerevisiae. Furthermore, by analyzing N- linked oligosaccharides of the constructed strains we can directly show that no general glycoprotein glucosyltransferase exists in S. cerevisiae.
The functional requirement of two structural domains within telomerase RNA emerged early in eukaryotes

Telomerase emerged during evolution as a prominent solution to the eukaryotic linear chromosome end-replication problem. Telomerase minimally comprises the catalytic telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA (TR) that provides the template for telomeric DNA synthesis. While the TERT protein is well-conserved across taxa, TR is highly divergent amongst distinct groups of species. Herein, we have identified the essential functional domains of TR from the basal eukaryotic species Trypanosoma brucei, revealing the ancestry of TR comprising two distinct structural core domains that can assemble in trans with TERT and reconstitute active telomerase enzyme in vitro. The upstream essential domain of T. brucei TR, termed the template core, constitutes three short helices in addition to the 11-nt template. Interestingly, the trypanosome template core domain lacks the ubiquitous pseudoknot found in all known TRs, suggesting later evolution of this critical structural element. The template-distal domain is a short stem-loop, termed equivalent CR4/5 (eCR4/5). While functionally similar to vertebrate and fungal CR4/5, trypanosome eCR4/5 is structurally distinctive, lacking the essential P6.1 stem-loop. Our functional study of trypanosome TR core domains suggests that the functional requirement of two discrete structural domains is a common feature of TRs and emerged early in telomerase evolution.
Charisma, collectives, and commitment: hybrid authority in radical feminist social movement organizations

Abstract The primary goal of this article is to add to the literature on the role of social movement organizations in facilitating movement involvement and activism. Using Weber’s definition of domination and delineation of ideal types of social action as starting points, my specific focus is on those SMOs that exhibit authority that is situated in the whole (collective) and manifests an extra-ordinary (charismatic) hold on the members/followers. I suggest the term ‘collective charisma’ for this hybrid form of organizational authority exhibited in a subgroup of SMOs. Examples from the radical U.S. feminist movement are used to illustrate how this particular organizational form shapes movement commitment, specifically the creation of collective identity, oppositional consciousness, and culture.
The Highest-Energy Photons Seen by the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory

During its 9 year lifetime, the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) detected 1506 cosmic photons with measured energy E > 10 GeV. Of this number, 187 are found within a 1° of sources that are listed in the Third EGRET Catalog and were included in determining the detection likelihood, flux, and spectra of those sources. In particular, five detected EGRET pulsars are found to have events above 10 GeV, and together they account for 37 events. A pulsar not included in the Third EGRET Catalog has two events, both with the same phase and in one peak of the lower energy gamma-ray light curve. Most of the remaining 1319 events appear to be diffuse Galactic and extragalactic radiation based on the similarity of their spatial and energy distributions with the diffuse model and in the E > 100 MeV emission. No significant time clustering that would suggest a burst was detected.
Energetic demand of multiple dependents and the evolution of slow human growth

This study investigates the consequences of the human foraging niche and multiple dependent offspring on the optimal growth trajectory of humans. We test the hypothesis that the human pattern of slow human growth between age at weaning and puberty helps defer the compound energetic demand on parents with multiple dependents, by using growth and demographic data from two foraging societies, the Ache of eastern Paraguay and the Dobe Ju/'hoansi of Botswana and Namibia. We run simulations of observed and potential growth trajectories among sub-adults and their consequent energetic demands on parents given profiles of fertility, mortality, consumption and production. We find that either sub-adult production or food subsidies from other people must substantially increase in order to compensate for the dramatic increase in energetic demand on parents if offspring were to grow faster at younger ages. Our conclusion is that slow human growth followed by a rapid adolescent growth spurt may have facilitated rising human fertility rates and greater investments in neural capital.
Social Regulation of the Electrical Properties of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons in a Cichlid Fish (Astatotilapia burtoni)1

Abstract Variation in reproductive capacity is common across the lives of all animals. In vertebrates, hypothalamic neurons that secrete GnRH are a primary mediator of such reproductive plasticity. Since social interactions suppress gonadal maturity in the African cichlid fish, Astatotilapia (Haplochromis) burtoni, we investigated whether the electrical properties of GnRH neurons were also socially regulated. Adult A. burtoni males are either territorial (T) and reproductively active or nonterritorial (NT) and reproductively regressed, depending upon their social environment. We compared the basic electrical properties of hypothalamic GnRH neurons from T and NT males using whole-cell electrophysiology in vitro. GnRH neurons were spontaneously active and exhibited several different activity patterns. A small fraction of neurons exhibited episodic activity patterns, which have been described in GnRH neurons from mammals. The type of activity pattern and spontaneous firing rate did not vary with reproductive capacity; however, several basic electrical properties were different. Neurons from T males were larger than those from NT males and had higher membrane capacitance and lower input resistance. In neurons from NT males, action potential duration was significantly longer and after-hyperpolarization characteristics were diminished, which led to a tendency for neurons from NT males to fire less rapidly in response to current injection. We predict this could serve to decrease GnRH release in NT males. These data are the first electrophysiological characterization of hypothalamic GnRH neurons in a nonmammalian species and provide evidence for several changes in electrical properties with reproductive state.
Collision Warning System using Ultrasonic Sensors and Automatic Brake System

Vehicle technology has increased rapidly in recent years, particularly in relation to braking system and sensing system. In parallel to the development of braking technologies, sensors have been developed that are capable of detecting physical obstacles, other vehicles or pedestrians around the vehicle. This development prevents accidents of vehicles using Stereo Multi-Purpose cameras, Automated Emergency Braking Systems and Ultrasonic Sensors. The stereo multi-purpose camera provides spatial intelligence of up to 50 metres in front of the vehicle and there is an environment recognition of 500 metres. Cars can automatically brake due to obstacles or any hindrance when the sensor senses the obstacles. The braking circuit function is to brake the car automatically after receiving signal from the sensors. All cars are competent in applying brakes automatically to a maximum extent of deceleration of 0.4g. Integrated safety systems are based on three principles. They are: collision avoidance, collision mitigation braking systems and forward collision warning.
Physical cognition: birds learn the structural efficacy of nest material

It is generally assumed that birds’ choice of structurally suitable materials for nest building is genetically predetermined. Here, we tested that assumption by investigating whether experience affected male zebra finches’ (Taeniopygia guttata) choice of nest material. After a short period of building with relatively flexible string, birds preferred to build with stiffer string while those that had experienced a stiffer string were indifferent to string type. After building a complete nest with either string type, however, all birds increased their preference for stiff string. The stiffer string appeared to be the more effective building material as birds required fewer pieces of stiffer than flexible string to build a roofed nest. For birds that raised chicks successfully, there was no association between the material they used to build their nest and the type they subsequently preferred. Birds’ material preference reflected neither the preference of their father nor of their siblings but juvenile experience of either string type increased their preference for stiffer string. Our results represent two important advances: (i) birds choose nest material based on the structural properties of the material; (ii) nest material preference is not entirely genetically predetermined as both the type and amount of experience influences birds’ choices.
A virtual memory based runtime to support multi-tenancy in clusters with GPUs

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are increasingly becoming part of HPC clusters. Nevertheless, cloud computing services and resource management frameworks targeting heterogeneous clusters including GPUs are still in their infancy. Further, GPU software stacks (e.g., CUDA driver and runtime) currently provide very limited support to concurrency. In this paper, we propose a runtime system that provides abstraction and sharing of GPUs, while allowing isolation of concurrent applications. A central component of our runtime is a memory manager that provides a virtual memory abstraction to the applications. Our runtime is flexible in terms of scheduling policies, and allows dynamic (as opposed to programmer-defined) binding of applications to GPUs. In addition, our framework supports dynamic load balancing, dynamic upgrade and downgrade of GPUs, and is resilient to their failures. Our runtime can be deployed in combination with VM-based cloud computing services to allow virtualization of heterogeneous clusters, or in combination with HPC cluster resource managers to form an integrated resource management infrastructure for heterogeneous clusters. Experiments conducted on a three-node cluster show that our GPU sharing scheme allows up to a 28% and a 50% performance improvement over serialized execution on short- and long-running jobs, respectively. Further, dynamic inter-node load balancing leads to an additional 18-20% performance benefit.
Comparison of maturity models

Maturity models are one of the widespread areas in the field of improving organizational performance. They identify organizational strengths and weaknesses as well as providing benchmarking information. There are many maturity models like OPM3, CMMI, P3M3, PRINCE, BPMM, and Kerzner's Project Management Maturity Model etc. These models are different from each other in terms of their factors and characteristics and also there is no standard related to these models. Therefore, it is important for organizations to be able to assess their situation by a comprehensive and useful model. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to compare the models and to find a suitable maturity model. This study compares recent maturity models in terms of selected variables. The result shows that OPM3 is a more suitable model than others.
Cooling curves and initial models for low-mass white dwarfs (<0.25 M⊙) with helium cores

We present a detailed calculation of the evolution of low-mass (<0.25 M⊙) helium white dwarfs. These white dwarfs (the optical companions to binary millisecond pulsars) are formed via long-term, low-mass binary evolution. After detachment from the Roche lobe, the hot helium cores have a rather thick hydrogen layer with mass between 0.01 and 0.06 M⊙. As a result of mixing between the core and outer envelope, the surface hydrogen content (Xsurf) is 0.5–0.35, depending on the initial value of the heavy element Z and the initial secondary mass. We found that the majority of our computed models experience one or two hydrogen shell flashes. We found that the mass of the helium dwarf in which the hydrogen shell flash occurs depends on the chemical composition. The minimum helium white dwarf mass in which a hydrogen flash takes place is 0.213 M⊙ (Z=0.003), 0.198 M⊙ (Z=0.01), 0.192 M⊙ (Z=0.02) or 0.183 M⊙ (Z=0.03). The duration of the flashes (independent of chemical composition) is between a few ×106 and a few ×107 yr. In several flashes the white dwarf radius will increase so much that it forces the model to fill its Roche lobe again. Our calculations show that the cooling history of the helium white dwarf depends dramatically on the thickness of the hydrogen layer. We show that the transition from a cooling white dwarf with a temporarily stable hydrogen-burning shell to a cooling white dwarf in which almost all residual hydrogen is lost in a few thermal flashes (via Roche lobe overflow) occurs between 0.183 and 0.213 M⊙ (depending on the heavy element value).
Gene expression during osteogenic differentiation in mandibular condyles in vitro

The cartilagenous tissue of mandibular condyles of newborn mice contains progenitor cells as well as young and mature chondrogenic cells. During in vitro cultivation of the tissue, progenitor cells undergo osteogenic differentiation and form new bone (Silbermann, M., D. Lewinson, H. Gonen, M. A. Lizarbe, and K. von der Mark. 1983. Anat. Rec. 206:373-383). We have studied the expression of genes that typify osteogenic differentiation in mandibular condyles during in vitro cultivation. RNAs of the genes for collagen type I, osteonectin, alkaline phosphatase, and bone gla protein were sequentially expressed in progenitor cells and hypertrophic chondrocytes during culture. Osteopontin expression peaked in both the early and the late phase of the differentiation process. The data indicate a distinct sequence of expression of osteoblast-specific genes during osteogenic differentiation and new bone formation in mandibular condyles.
Channel shortening and equalization of OFDM/CDMA systems over doubly selective fading channels

The performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing/code-division multiple-access (OFDM/CDMA) system is featured by the resistance to frequency selective fading and the support of multiple user access. However, OFDM/CDMA system suffers from multiple-access interference (MAI) and doubly selective fading in highly mobile channel. Based on basis expansion model (BEM), this paper proposes a receiver with time domain channel shortening filter cascaded with one-tap frequency domain equalizer for down-link multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) OFDM/CDMA system over doubly selective fading channel. Simulation results show that the proposed receiver not only suppresses multiple-access interference but also equalizes the time and frequency selectivity.
A Method for Calculating Network System Security Risk Based on a Lie Group

Traditionally, network risk assessment uses a statistical computation method. This paper proposes Lie group kinematics to describe the feature space of the attack behavior. A matrix composed of indicators and topologies in a network system is mapped to a Lie group. The attack behavior path and the powers of the attack and defense are defined. The risk value of the attack and defense is calculated from the change in the indicators. Then, we evaluate the network security risk status using calculus. To examine the validity of the network risk assessment based on a Lie group, we conduct one experiment and utilize the CIC2017 dataset to show the applicability and efficiency of the proposed method. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the calculation method based on a Lie group, and the risk value of the attack and defense is valid compared to those of other machine learning algorithms. The calculation method based on a Lie group can quantitatively analyze network security risks.
Socially mediated technology awareness

New technology can reduce a developer's work. Yet, given how fast technology changes, it is close to impossible for a developer to stay aware of technological advances that might ease his work. In this paper, we propose an approach that increases the likelihood of a developer becoming aware of technology that might help him. Our approach uses a developer's interaction with the development environment to characterize a profile of the developer's use. This profile can then be used to find relevant posts on social news web sites. We use the votes on the social web sites as a means to filter and rank relevant information for the developer.
A Construction Approach of Small World Network in Large Distributed System

How to effectively locate resources is a very important factor affecting the performance of large distributed environment. Some resource discovery methods have been already proposed, which utilizes Small World phenomena. In this paper, on the base of Kleinberg Small World model, this paper proposes an efficient decentralized construction approach SSWCP(Scalable Small World Construction Protocol), which uses partial view instead of global knowledge of network. Through analysis and simulations, we show that SSWCP is efficient for resource discovery, scalable to very large network sizes.
A Comprehensive Evaluation and Benchmark for Person Re-Identification: Features, Metrics, and Datasets

Person re-identification (re-id) is a critical problem in video analytics applications such as security and surveillance. The public release of several datasets and code for vision algorithms has facilitated rapid progress in this area over the last few years. However, directly comparing re-id algorithms reported in the literature has become difficult since a wide variety of features, experimental protocols, and evaluation metrics are employed. In order to address this need, we present an extensive review and performance evaluation of single- and multi-shot re-id algorithms. The experimental protocol incorporates the most recent advances in both feature extraction and metric learning. To ensure a fair comparison, all of the approaches were implemented using a unified code library that includes 6 feature extraction algorithms and 21 metric learning and ranking techniques. All approaches were evaluated using a new large-scale dataset that closely mimics a real-world problem setting, in addition to 13 other publicly available datasets: VIPeR, GRID, CAVIAR, 3DPeS, PRID, V47, WARD, SAIVT-SoftBio, CUHK03, RAiD, iLIDSVID, HDA+ and Market1501. The evaluation codebase and results will be made publicly available for community use.
Riparian vegetated buffer strips in water‐quality restoration and stream management

SUMMARY 1 A review is presented of the literature on riparian vegetated buffer strips (VBS) for use in stream-water-quality restoration and limitations associated with their use are discussed. The results are also presented of recent investigations on the effectiveness of a forested and a grass vegetated buffer strip for reducing shallow subsurface inputs of nutrients from agriculture to a stream in central Illinois, U.S.A. 2 Because riparian zones link the stream with its terrestrial catchment, they can modify, incorporate, dilute, or concentrate substances before they enter a lotic system. In small to mid-size streams forested riparian zones can moderate temperatures, reduce sediment inputs, provide important sources of organic matter, and stabilize stream banks. 3 Several questions on the utility and efficiency of vegetated buffer strips for stream restoration still remain unanswered, including: what types (grass v forest) are most efficient; do they become nutrient saturated; are they only temporary sinks; how does species composition influence effectiveness; and, what is the optimal width of buffer to facilitate nutrient reduction under different conditions? 4 Water samples were collected (1989–90) from lysimeters located at three depths (60, 120, and > 120cm) in an upland area planted in conventional row crops (corn and soybean) and in three adjacent riparian buffer treatments, a 39m wide grass buffer. a 16 m wide mature forested buffer, and a buffer planted in row-crops to the stream bank. Concentrations of dissolved and total phosphorus and nitrate-N in each sample were determined following major precipitation events over a seventeen month period. 5 Both the forested and grass VBS reduced nitrate-N concentrations in shallow groundwater (up to 90% reduction). On an annual basis the forested VBS was more effective at reducing concentrations of nitrate-N than was the grass VBS, but was less efficient at retaining total and dissolved P. 6 During the dormant season, both grass and forested buffer strips released dissolved and total P to the groundwater. The VBS apparently acted as a nutrient sink for much of the year, but also released accumulated nutrients during the remaining portion of the year. Periodic harvesting of plant biomass may reduce the amount of P released during the dormant season. 7 VBSs are not as effective in agriculture areas with tile drained fields. Alternative restoration practices such as discharging drain tiles into wetlands constructed parallel to the stream channel may prove to be a more effective means of controlling non-point-source agricultural inputs of nutrients in such areas.