Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
REDUCED DORMANCY5 Encodes a Protein Phosphatase 2C That Is Required for Seed Dormancy in Arabidopsis[C][W][OPEN]

RDO5 encodes a phosphatase that suppresses transcript levels of several genes encoding members of the PUF family of RNA binding proteins and plays a positive role during seed dormancy. Seed dormancy determines germination timing and contributes to crop production and the adaptation of natural populations to their environment. Our knowledge about its regulation is limited. In a mutagenesis screen of a highly dormant Arabidopsis thaliana line, the reduced dormancy5 (rdo5) mutant was isolated based on its strongly reduced seed dormancy. Cloning of RDO5 showed that it encodes a PP2C phosphatase. Several PP2C phosphatases belonging to clade A are involved in abscisic acid signaling and control seed dormancy. However, RDO5 does not cluster with clade A phosphatases, and abscisic acid levels and sensitivity are unaltered in the rdo5 mutant. RDO5 transcript could only be detected in seeds and was most abundant in dry seeds. RDO5 was found in cells throughout the embryo and is located in the nucleus. A transcriptome analysis revealed that several genes belonging to the conserved PUF family of RNA binding proteins, in particular Arabidopsis PUMILIO9 (APUM9) and APUM11, showed strongly enhanced transcript levels in rdo5 during seed imbibition. Further transgenic analyses indicated that APUM9 reduces seed dormancy. Interestingly, reduction of APUM transcripts by RNA interference complemented the reduced dormancy phenotype of rdo5, indicating that RDO5 functions by suppressing APUM transcript levels.
Skeletal muscle growth dynamics and the influence of first-feeding diet in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua L.)

ABSTRACT Dynamics between hypertrophy (increase in cell size) and hyperplasia (increase in cell numbers) of white and red muscle in relation to body size [standard length (SL)], and the influence of the first-feeding diets on muscle growth were investigated in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua). Cod larvae were fed copepod nauplii or rotifers of different nutritional qualities from 4 to 29 days post hatching (dph), Artemia nauplii from 20 to 40 dph and a formulated diet from 36 to 60 dph. The short period of feeding with cultivated copepod nauplii had a positive effect on both muscle hyperplasia and hypertrophy after the copepod/rotifer phase (19 dph), and a positive long term effect on muscle hypertrophy (60 dph). The different nutritional qualities of rotifers did not significantly affect muscle growth. We suggest here a model of the dynamics between hyperplasia and hypertrophy of red and white muscle fibre cells in relation to cod SL (4 to 30 mm), where the different red and white muscle growth phases clearly coincided with different metamorphosis stages in cod larvae. These shifts could be included as biomarkers for the different stages of development during metamorphosis. The main dietary muscle effect was that hypertrophic growth of red muscle fibres was stronger in cod larvae that were fed copepods than in larvae that were fed rotifers, both in relation to larval age and size. Red muscle fibres are directly involved in larval locomotory performance, but may also play an important role in the larval myogenesis. This can have a long term effect on growth potential and fish performance. Summary: Hyperplastic and hypertrophic growth dynamics of red and white muscle were strongly related to cod larval size and corresponded with the metamorphosis process. First-feeding diet quality can prolong effects on muscle growth potential in cod larvae.
The effect of four types of artificial nerve graft structures on the repair of 10‐mm rat sciatic nerve gap

Abstract Investigating the effect of four types of artificial nerve graft (ANG) structures on rat sciatic nerve defect repair will aid future ANG designs. In this study, fibroin fibers and polylactic acid were used to prepare four ANGs with differing structures: nerve conduit with micron‐sized pores (Conduit with pore group), nerve conduit without micron‐sized pores (Conduit group), nerve scaffold comprising Conduit with pore group material plus silk fibers (Scaffold with pore group), and nerve scaffold comprising Conduit group material plus silk fibers (Scaffold group). ANGs or autologous nerves (Autologous group) were implanted into 10 mm rat sciatic nerve defects (n = 50 per group). Twenty weeks after nerve grafting, the time required to retract the surgical limb from the hot water was ranked as follows: Conduit with pore group > Scaffold with pore group > Conduit group > Scaffold group > Autologous group. The static sciatic index was ranked in descending order: Autologous group > Scaffold group > Conduit group > Scaffold with pore group > Conduit with pore group. Immunofluorescence staining identified significant differences in the distribution and number of axons, Schwann cells, and fibroblasts. These findings indicate that ANGs with micron‐sized pores had a negative impact on the repair of peripheral nerve defects, while internal microchannels were beneficial. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3077–3085, 2017.
Observing Correlated Production of Defects and Antidefects in Liquid Crystals

We present observations of strength one defects and antidefects formed in isotropic-nematic phase transition in a thin layer of nematic liquid crystals, using a cross-polarizer setup. We measure the widths of the distributions of {\it net} winding number in small regions, and determine the exponent characterizing the correlation between defects and antidefects to be 0.26$\pm$0.11, in very good agreement with the value 1/4 predicted by the Kibble mechanism for defect production. We also describe a novel technique to determine the director distribution in observations of defect networks.
The glutathione precursor L‐2‐oxothiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid protects against liver injury due to chronic enteral ethanol exposure in the rat

L ‐2‐oxothiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid (OTC) is a cysteine prodrug that maintains glutathione in tissues. Here, its effect on alcohol‐induced liver injury in an enteral alcohol feeding model was investigated. Male Wistar rats were given control high‐fat or ethanol containing diets enterally for 4 weeks. Treated rats received 500 mg/kg/d of dietary OTC. Ethanol delivery, weight gain, and the cyclic pattern of ethanol in the urine were not different between the OTC‐ethanol and ethanol groups. After 4 weeks, serum aspartate transaminase (AST), necrosis and inflammation were elevated significantly by ethanol compared with appropriate high‐fat controls, effects blocked by OTC. Moreover, ethanol elevated hepatic tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) messenger RNA (mRNA) and the nuclear transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NFκB) 2‐3 fold. NFκB in isolated Kupffer cells was also increased by ethanol. These effects were all blocked by OTC treatment. Additionally, superoxide production was higher in Kupffer cells isolated from ethanol‐treated rats, an effect blunted by OTC. OTC also increased circulating glutathione (GSH) levels about 2‐fold; however, GSH levels were not affected by ethanol or OTC in livers from the groups studied. Surprisingly, GSH was elevated by ethanol and OTC treatment in isolated Kupffer cells about 2‐fold. Moreover, GSH (Ki‐10 μmol/L) and cysteinyl‐glycine, but not oxidized glutathione (GSSG) or OTC, blunted the LPS‐induced increase in calcium in isolated Kupffer cells, possibly by activating a glycine‐gated chloride channel due to their structural similarity with glycine. Collectively, it is concluded that GSH is protective, in part, by increasing circulating GSH, which blunts activation of Kupffer cells via the glycine‐gated chloride channel.
The Interpretation of Cultures

THE INTERPRETATION OF CULTURES CLIFFORD GEERTZ PDF Are you searching for THE INTERPRETATION OF CULTURES CLIFFORD GEERTZ Books files? Now, you will be happy that at this time THE INTERPRETATION OF CULTURES CLIFFORD GEERTZ PDF is available at our online library. With our complete resources, you could find THE INTERPRETATION OF CULTURES CLIFFORD GEERTZ PDF or just found any kind of Books for your readings everyday.
Belief in Paranormal Phenomena: Assessment Instrument Development and Implications for Personality Functioning

A 25-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess belief in the paranormal was constructed based on the results from factor analysis of a 61-item pool administered to 391 college students. Factor analysis revealed seven independent dimensions comprising belief in the paranormal. These factors were Traditional Religious Belief, Psi Belief, Witchcraft, Superstition, Spiritualism, Extraordinary Life Forms, and Precognition. The Paranormal Scale was constructed by selecting either three or four marker items to represent each of the seven dimensions as paranormal subscales. Descriptive statistics for this Paranormal Scale and the seven subscales are presented, as well as reliability statistics. Studies were presented that support the validity of this Paranormal Scale and subscales with such personality/adjustment constructs as internal-external locus of control, sensation seeking, death threat, actual self-ideal self-concept, uncritical inferences, dogmatism, and irrational beliefs. It was concluded that this scale offers promise as an assessment instrument for paranormal belief.
Bourdieu, rational action and the time‐space strategy of gentrification

This paper proposes gentrification as an example of class habitus adjusting to a new field via a time-space strategy that involves conscious rational coordination of class agents on a new aesthetic ‘focal point’. This approach suggests: (1) a much greater role for conscious rational processes in both the intentional and intuitive processes of class reproduction; (2) an understanding via gentrification of the symbolic significance of time-space in class processes; (3) the significance of individual class agents in the process of gentrification; (4) a view of gentrification that gives greater prominence to working-class taste and habitus.
Understanding public acceptance of elite sport policy in Japan: a structural equation modelling approach

Research question: Considering the current upward trend of public investment in elite sport, the importance of the public's acceptance cannot be ignored; however, little has been reported on the public's attitude towards elite sport policy. The present study seeks to answer the following research question: What are the significant socio-psychological determinants that influence public acceptance of the promotion of Japan's elite sport policy? Research methods: Data were collected from 921 Japanese respondents by means of a Internet-based survey. Five socio-psychological constructs were analysed in order to identify their impact on public acceptance of elite sport policy: personal benefit, social benefit, risk, trust, and athletes as role models. Structural equation modelling was used to test the causal model consisting of 10 hypotheses. Results and findings: Public acceptance is positively determined by their perception of personal/social benefits and negatively by perceived risks. These constructs are further determined by the public's trust in elite sport policy actors and athlete role model perception. Implications: The present study deepens the discussion on, ‘How a nation can increase the public acceptance of elite sport policy? ’ and found theoretical and methodological approaches to fill the research gap. To enhance public acceptance of elite sport policy, policy-makers should focus on the social benefits and values that stem from promoting the policy and variable measures. The development of athletes who act as role models is a crucial requirement of the current Japanese elite sport system, as this construct has the strongest total effect on public acceptance.
The Relationship Between Magical Thinking, Thought-Action Fusion and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms

Thought-Action Fusion (TAF) has been consistently identified as an important cognitive construct in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). However, some recent studies have highlighted other variables such as negative affect (Abramow-itz, Whiteside, Lynam, & Kalsy 2003) and magical ideation (Einstein & Menzies, 2004a) that may be important in further understanding this construct. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between negative affect, magical thinking, thought-action fusion, and obsessive compulsive symptomatology One hundred and thirty seven participants completed four questionnaires pertaining to the variables of interest. Both TAF and magical ideation were significantly related to obsessive compulsive symptomatology, with magical ideation having the stronger relationship. Negative affect was found to be a partial mediator for the relationship between both magical ideation and TAF with OC symptomatology Results suggest that magical thinking may be an important cognitive variable i.
Mechanisms of cadmium toxicity in terrestrial pulmonates: Programmed cell death and metallothionein overload

A sublethal dose of cadmium (Cd2+) administered via the diet during short‐term exposure over 10 d induced programmed cell death in the hepatopancreas of the terrestrial pulmonate snail Helix pomatia. Condensed cell residues were predominantly phagocytosed by calcium cells, suggesting a specific function of these epithelial cells in metal detoxification or in clearing the organ of cellular debris from cell death. The considerable cell loss recorded by histological analysis was accompanied by enhanced cell proliferation. Intoxication with Cd was further associated with the pronounced abundance of residual bodies, predominantly recorded in excretory cells, and with pathological changes in the endoplasmic reticulum. During long‐term Cd exposure, mortality increased with increasing Cd concentrations in the diet, as demonstrated by feeding experiments in the laboratory. Lethal effects of Cd appeared to be correlated with Cd overloading of the Cd‐specific metallothionein isoform (Cd‐MT), isolated and characterized previously from the animal's hepatopancreas. Stoichiometric analysis shows that the capacity of Cd‐MT to bind six molar equivalents of Cd corresponds to a tissue Cd concentration of approximately 4 μmol/g dry weight. At this tissue concentration, all high‐affinity metal‐binding sites of Cd‐MT are occupied by Cd2+. Cadmium exposure beyond this level gives rise to progressive destabilization of Cd‐MT cluster structure in vitro, resulting in increasing proportions of weakly bound, or even unbound, Cd2+ ions. Our results suggest that in vivo, the observed overburdening of Cd‐MT with Cd2+ reduces the viability of affected animals.
A 6MHz CMOS reference clock generator with temperature and supply voltage compensation

A 6MHz CMOS reference clock generator is presented in 0.18um CMOS process. The proposed structure adopts a current starved type ring oscillator with low drop out (LDO), and temperature compensated current bias. This structure minimized the effects of supply and temperature to frequency error. The reference clock generator achieves frequency variation of less than ±0.26% against supply variation of 3V ~ 5V and ±0.22% against temperature variation of -20°C ~ 100°C.
Trabajo infantil y logro escolar en América Latina : los datos del SERCE

En America Latina un porcentaje importante de los alumnos de educacion primaria realiza trabajos no escolares, con localizacion e intensidades diferentes. Con base en los datos del Segundo Estudio Regional Comparativo y Explicativo [SERCE] (2007), este articulo usa modelos multinivel bivariados para determinar la asociacion entre trabajo infantil y desempeno del alumno de sexto grado en las pruebas de Matematica y Lectura, controlando por el nivel socioeconomico del alumno y de la escuela. Se analiza tambien la variabilidad de esa asociacion en tres niveles de agrupamiento: pais, escuela y alumno. Se constata que el trabajo infantil tiene un efecto perjudicial sobre el aprendizaje escolar y que la intensidad de ese efecto varia entre las escuelas y los paises, indicando diferencias en el grado de equidad respecto del trabajo infantil.
Understanding Offenders' Compliance: A Case Study of Electronically Monitored Curfew Orders

The focus of this paper is on offenders' compliance, which is an important but largely neglected area of criminal justice. The paper draws on an empirical study of offenders' compliance with electronically monitored curfew orders with the aim of elucidating theories of compliance. Electronic monitoring is used as a case study to illustrate some of the factors which influence offenders' compliance. One of the main strengths of electronic monitoring is the certainty and speed at which non-compliance can be detected and, as expected, instrumental compliance was found to be important. Nonetheless, the paper suggests that the reasons why offenders comply or fail to comply are complex and interrelated and encompass many different factors including procedural justice, individual motivation, and attachments to significant others. The implications of these findings for compliance theories and community sentence policy are explored.
Evaluating Design : A Formative Evaluation of Agent Development Environments Used For Teaching Rule-Based Programming

We present two development environments designed to make it easier for students to create intelligent agents by taking advantage of established software engineering principles. This paper reports the results of a formative evaluation of the Herbal and the Vacuum Cleaner Environments. Findings from the study suggest design changes geared towards making these environments more useful for teaching rule-based programming and agent development.
Analysis of proximal and distal muscle activity during handwriting tasks.

OBJECTIVE In this study we sought to describe upper-extremity proximal and distal muscle activity in typically developing children during a handwriting task and to explore the relationship between muscle activity and speed and quality of writing. METHOD We evaluated 35 third- and fourth-grade Israeli children using the Alef-Alef Ktav Yad Hebrew Handwriting Test. Simultaneously, we recorded the participants' upper trapezius and thumb muscle activity by surface electromyography. Using the coefficient of variation (standard deviation divided by mean amplitude) as a measure of variability within each muscle, we analyzed differences in muscle activity variability within and between muscles. RESULTS The proximal muscle displayed significantly less variability than the distal muscles. Decreased variability in proximal muscle activity was associated with decreased variability in distal muscle activity, and decreased variability in the distal muscles was significantly associated with faster speed of writing. CONCLUSION The lower amount of variability exhibited in the proximal muscle compared with the distal muscles seems to indicate that the proximal muscle functions as a stabilizer during a handwriting task. In addition, decreased variability in both proximal and distal muscle activity appears to be more economical and is related to faster writing speed. Knowledge of the type of proximal and distal muscle activity used during handwriting can help occupational therapists plan treatment for children with handwriting disabilities.
Variability Bugs in the Linux Kernel A Qualitative Study

Feature-sensitive verification is a recent field that pursues the effective analysis of the exponential number of variants of a program family. Today researchers lack examples of concrete bugs induced by variability, and occurring in real large-scale software. Such a collection of bugs is a requirement for goal-oriented research, serving to evaluate tool implementations of feature-sensitive analyses by testing them on real bugs. We present a qualitative study of 40 variability bugs collected from bug-fixing commits to the Linux kernel repository. We investigate each of the 40 bugs, recording the outcome of our analysis into a database. In addition, we provide self-contained simplified C99 versions of the bugs, facilitating understanding and tool evaluation. Our study provides insights about the nature and occurrence of variability bugs in a large C software system, and shows in what ways variability affects and increases the complexity of software bugs.
Capacity enhancement in the downlink using space-division opportunistic beamforming

With many users waiting to be served in a queue, opportunistic beamforming (OBF) permits true beamforming to be performed without the need of channel state information (CSI) being known at the transmitter so that multiuser diversity can still be exploited in a little scattering environment. In this regard, it is commonly felt that OBF does not provide any gain in independent Rayleigh fading channels because the channel fluctuation among the users is already at maximum. In this paper, however, OBF is proposed for support of multiple users in the spatial domain, dubbed space-division OBF and therefore the sum-throughput of the system can be enhanced even in fast independent Rayleigh fading channels. The interpretation is that asymptotically, there are some users whose channels are near-orthogonal and match with the antenna weights randomly generated at the transmitter to produce true beamforming. This paper also presents an efficient scheduling scheme to mediate access the channel using space-division OBF.
Is Three a Crowd? Examining Rapport in Investigative Interviews

This research constitutes an initial empirical examination of how the introduction of a third party impacts interviewee rapport in an investigative interview setting. Whereas some have argued that employing two interviewers may be beneficial in an investigative interview setting, others have speculated that adding a “third person in the communications loop” (U.S. Department of the Army, 2006) during an investigative interview may negatively impact the establishment of rapport. This research draws on group dynamics research and adopts a content-analytic approach using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC; Pennebaker, Booth, & Francis, 2007) to examine interviewee rapport in real-world investigative interviews. The comparison of dyadic interviews in which one interviewer was present and triadic interviews in which two interviewers were present revealed no significant reduction in interviewee rapport. These findings suggest that the anecdotal concern that “three is a crowd” and that the addition of a third party may result in decreased rapport may be unfounded. Further research on the group dynamics of the investigative interview is discussed.
AN ALGORITHM FOR THE SEGMENTATION OF AN ARTIFICIAL LANGUAGE ANALOGUE

Hayes & Clark (1970) have demonstrated that adult subjects are capable of identifying the beginnings and ends of ‘words’ in artificial ‘speech’ when all clues from pause, stress or intonation are absent. This paper describes the mechanism and properties of a computer program which can perform an analogous segmentation of letter strings. Although the program contains artificialities, it seems to model other aspects of cognition besides perceptual segmentation: the use of redundancies to effect economies in storage and retrieval of information, induction, and the importance of context in recognition. The behaviour of the program and other evidence suggests that the joint probability of two perceptual elements provides a better definition of association than transition probability. The possible relevance of the program to the learning of grammatical patterns is briefly discussed.