Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Violin plots : A box plot-density trace synergism

Abstract Many modifications build on Tukey's original box plot. A proposed further adaptation, the violin plot, pools the best statistical features of alternative graphical representations of batches of data. It adds the information available from local density estimates to the basic summary statistics inherent in box plots. This marriage of summary statistics and density shape into a single plot provides a useful tool for data analysis and exploration.
Overexpression of S-Adenosylmethionine Synthetase in Recombinant Chlamydomonas for Enhanced Lipid Production

Microalgae are attracting much attention as promising, eco-friendly producers of bioenergy due to their fast growth, absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and production capacity in wastewater and salt water. However, microalgae can only accumulate large quantities of lipid in abiotic stress, which reduces productivity by decreasing cell growth. In this study, the strategy was investigated to increase cell viability and lipid production by overexpressing S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthetase (SAMS) in the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. SAM is a substance that plays an important role in various intracellular biochemical reactions, such as cell proliferation and stress response, and the overexpression of SAMS could allow cells to withstand the abiotic stress and increase productivity. Compared to wild-type C. reinhardtii, recombinant cells overexpressing SAMS grew 1.56-fold faster and produced 1.51-fold more lipids in a nitrogen-depleted medium. Furthermore, under saline-stress conditions, the survival rate and lipid accumulation were 1.56 and 2.04 times higher in the SAMS-overexpressing strain, respectively. These results suggest that the overexpression of SAMS in recombinant C. reinhardtii has high potential in the industrial-scale production of biofuels and various other high-value-added materials.
Danish Women Want to Participate in a Hypothetical Breast Cancer Screening with Harms and No Reduction in Mortality: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Introduction Informed decision making is recommended in breast cancer screening. Decision aids with balanced information on harms and benefits are recommended to support informed decision making. However, informed screening decision making may be challenged by overly positive attitudes toward cancer screening. We hypothesized that a substantial proportion of Danish women would want to participate in screening regardless of the presented information. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of Danish women wanting to participate in a hypothetical breast cancer screening offering no reduction in breast cancer mortality but potential harms related to unnecessary treatment. Methods In a cross-sectional study, we invited a random sample of 751 women in the nonscreening population aged 44 to 49 y in the Central Denmark Region to an online questionnaire using the official digital mailbox system. The questionnaire included a description of a hypothetical screening and questions about thoughts on breast cancer, health literacy, and questions on the assessment of the hypothetical screening including intended participation, understanding, and belief in information. Data were linked to register data on sociodemographic factors. Results In total, 43.0% (323/751) responded to the questionnaire. Of these, 247 (82.3% [95% confidence interval: 77.5–86.5]) wanted to participate in the hypothetical breast cancer screening (participation group). More than two-thirds in both the participation group and nonparticipation group seemed to understand the presented information. Half of the women who understood the information disbelieved it. Conclusions Exceeding our expectations, a majority of women wanted to participate in a hypothetical screening with potential harms but no reduction in breast cancer mortality. A large proportion understood but disbelieved the screening information. This could indicate that Danish women make their screening decisions based on beliefs rather than presented screening information. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04509063) Highlights The majority of Danish women wanted to participate in a hypothetical breast cancer screening with potential harms related to unnecessary treatment but no reduction in mortality. A large proportion of women understood but disbelieved the hypothetical screening information. Informed decision making may be challenging when women disbelieve the information they receive. Enthusiasm for cancer screening and potential disbelief in information are important factors when developing and improving screening information and invitation.
Finite element modelling of electromagnetic waves in doubly and triply periodic structures

A weighted residual finite element method (FEM) is employed to obtain the dispersion curves of two-dimensional (2D) doubly periodic and three-dimensional (3D) triply periodic structures (such as those employed in photonic band gap devices). The scalar and vector finite element formulations used in the computations are given. FEM results of 2D and 3D models are presented in a structured manner, which confirms the correct functioning of the finite element codes.
The story of the DIN color system

The DIN Color Chart rests on a development of more than 40 years. It belongs to a group of color order systems that attempt to show equal distances in defined color series. The choice of hue, saturation, and darkness degree as a function of relative luminance factor, and the extended use of colorimetry for interpolations and extrapolations are characteristic elements of this color system. As results of the nature of the colorimetric definitions, several compromises give rise to deviations of the color series from purely psychological ordering. The main aim is technical application in close connection with colorimetry.
Effect of monovalent electrolyte solutions on the human tear ferning pattern

Purpose To investigate the effect of the addition of a low concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl) solutions on the tear ferning (TF) patterns of tears collected from humans. Methods A tear sample (20 μL) was collected from the right eye of 23 males and 7 females (25.4 ± 6.6 years). The tears were collected in one sitting for healthy subjects (N = 13). For dry eye participants (N = 17), the tear samples were collected in two separate settings with five minutes gap in between. A sample (1 μL) from each tear was dried on a glass slide, and the obtained ferns were observed using a microscope and graded using the five-point TF grading scale. Mixtures of tear samples (0.5 μL) and different volumes (0.5–2.5 μL) of each electrolyte (10–30 mg in 100 mL of water) solution were prepared, and their TF patterns were recorded and compared with those of the corresponding pure tears. Results Significant improvements (Wilcoxon test, P < 0.001) have been seen in the TF grades of the tear samples after the addition of NaCl and KCl solutions. A significant difference (Wilcoxon test, P = 0.016) was found between the TF grades when NaCl and KCl solutions were added to the tear samples. The TF grades of pure tears collected from dry-eye subjects ranged from 2.1 to 3.5, based on the five points grading scale, and decreased to be in the range of 0.4 to 1.6 after the addition of electrolyte solutions. While the TF grades of pure tears collected from normal-eye ranged from 1.2 to 1.9 and improved after the addition of electrolyte solution to be in the range of 0.4 to 1.5. Conclusions The TF test was used in vitro to assess the impact of the addition of a low concentration of sodium and potassium chloride solutions on tears collected from humans. The TF grades of human tears significantly improved after the addition of either sodium or potassium chloride solution. The mechanism for the improvement in TF grades due to the addition of electrolyte solutions must be investigated.
Scale-free Networks with Self-Similarity Degree Exponents

Ravasz et al. structured a deterministic model of a geometrically growing network to describe metabolic networks. Inspired by the model of Ravasz et al., a random model of a geometrically growing network is proposed. It is a model of copying nodes continuously and can better describe metabolic networks than the model of Ravasz et al. Analysis shows that the analytic method based on uniform distributions (i.e., Barabási-Albert method) is not suitable for the analysis of the model and the simulation process is beyond computing power owing to its geometric growth mechanism. The model can be better analyzed by the Poisson process. Results show that the model is scale-free with a self-similarity degree exponent, which is dependent on the common ratio of the growth process and similar to that of fractal networks.
Cognitive impairment and its adverse outcomes in older surgical patients: an under-recognized problem!

The older population, aged 65 years or older, is projected to nearly triple from 524 million in 2010 to 1.5 billion by 2050, representing 8.5% to 16.7% of the global population, respectively. 1 This increase is particularly pronounced in comparison to the trend of the younger population aged 20 years or below, which is estimated to remain relatively static from 2.5 billion in 2015 to 2.6 billion in 2050. With the increase in life expectancy, the number of individuals with cognitive impairment (CI) has increased by 117% in the last 25 years. 2 It will continue to increase with the aging forecast. The susceptibility of older individuals to develop CI partly derives from the complexity of the aging process. Aging involves in ﬂ ammatory and physiological changes across multiple organ systems including the brain, ren-dering the older population more vulnerable and less resilient to future in ﬂ ammatory insults. 3 Globally, 313 million surgeries are performed with 4 million postoperative deaths and
The Robustness of Trend Stationarity: An Illustration with the Extended Nelson–Plosser Dataset

Abstract We re‐evaluate Andreu and Spanos's findings in favour of trend stationarity by considering the extended Nelson–Plosser data set. This expanded (to 1988) data set includes a period of rather different behaviour compared with the original Nelson–Plosser data used by Andreou and Spanos. We find that Andreou and Spanos's models (with only minor adjustments) exhibit remarable stability over this extended period, and indicate that their conclusions are more robust than they have shown.
Cerro Armazones spectroscopic survey of F dwarfs

We present a spectroscopic survey of a sample of F stars that have not yet been searched for planets. The observations of 187 stars obtained with the Bochum Echelle Spectrographic Observer of the Cerro Armazones Observatory were aimed at nearby (closer than 70 pc) main-sequence stars without sufﬁcient archive ([ﬁber-fed extended range optical spectrograph (FEROS)/high accuracy radial velocity planet search (HARPS)]) spectroscopy. The primary goal of the survey was to select the best candidates for radial-velocity searches of extrasolar planets. The spectra were analysed using the broadening-function technique, the method of choice for rapid rotators later than about A5. The analysis was focused not only at the determination of projected rotational velocity (deﬁning precision of radial-velocity determi-nation), but also at the detection of previously unknown spectroscopic binaries/multiples or stars showing strong line asymmetries. 12 previously unknown spectroscopic binaries/triples were detected. For all observed targets the spectral type was determined. About 140 stars are rotating faster than the resolution limit of 10 km s − 1 sampling the onset of convection and slow rotation at mid-F spectral types in great detail. Radial-velocity precision of the data (about 100 m s − 1 ) is insufﬁcient to detect planets but could indicate most SB1 systems with stellar companions. As there are already 2–3 observations per object for these newly detected binary stars, only a few additional follow-up observations will be needed to obtain constraints on orbital parameters. We identiﬁed a sample of 68 bright F-type dwarf stars which are perfect targets for future planet searches. They rotate moderately or slowly and do not show any sign of binarity, pulsations, or surface activity.
L. reuteri JMR-01 adjuvant 12C6+ irradiation exerts anti-colon carcinoma effects by modulating the gut microbiota in mice

Abstract Background Probiotics such as Lactobacillus could modulate the intestinal microbiota and have been considered as an effective strategy for ameliorating colon carcinoma. Nevertheless, its efficiency remains the biggest challenge. Methods We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri JMR-01 adjuvant 12C6+ irradiation on CT-26 syngeneic mouse models. Meanwhile, intestinal flora and innate immunity were examined to outline mechanisms. Results Anti-proliferation effect of live probiotic combined with inactivated probiotic JMR-01 (LP + IP) on CT-26 reached a maximum of 39.55% among other experiment groups at 24 h when the ratio of cell to CFU was 1:1 in vitro. These activities have been fully validated in vivo, tumor-bearing mice treated by 12C6+ irradiation combining with living and inactivated probiotics JMR-01 (IR + LP + IP) for 50-day held the highest survival rate (71.4%) and complete remission rate (14.3%). We also demonstrated significant fluctuation in gut microbiota, including the decreased abundance of Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium perfringens related to tumorigenesis and development, and the increased abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium closely associated with health restoration in fecal of mice treated with JMR-01 LP + IP adjuvant 12C6+ irradiation (IR + LP + IP). Similarly, the decreasing nitroreductase activities and increasing short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations were observed in IR + LP + IP group compared with tumor control group, which further confirmed the changes of gut microbiota. Additionally, we found that the strongest stimulation index of splenocyte (2.47) and the phagocytosis index peritoneal macrophage (3.68) were achieved by LP + IP compared with single live JMR-01 (LP) and inactivated JMR-01 (IP). Conclusions JMR-01 LP + IP adjuvant 12C6+ irradiation could mitigate cancer progression by modulating innate immunity as well as intestinal flora.
A new proof of Kolmogorov’s 4/5-law

This paper presents a proof of Kolmogorov’s 4/5-law that uses only elementary vector analysis and which thereby avoids the more intricate tensor analysis. From this proof, it is easily seen that the 4/5-law holds also for turbulence lacking reflectional symmetry. Ordinary tensor analysis is used in order to confirm this conclusion.
Crystal structure of the catalytic ATP‐binding domain of the PhoR sensor histidine kinase

The two‐component regulatory system (TCS) is a major regulatory system in bacteria that occurs in response to environmental changes and involves the sensor histidine kinase (HK) protein and response regulator (RR) protein. Among the TCSs, PhoR/PhoB is crucial for bacteria to adapt to changes in environmental phosphate concentrations. In addition, recent studies have shown that PhoR binding to the MgtC virulence factor activates phosphate transport for normal pathogenesis. In this work, we determined the crystal structure of the catalytic ATP binding domain of the PhoR sensor histidine kinase from Vibrio cholera, compared the structure with the known HK protein structures and discussed the potential binding interface with MgtC.
Toxoplasma gondii microneme protein MIC3 induces macrophage TNF-α production and Ly6C expression via TLR11/MyD88 pathway

Toxoplasma gondii is the most successful parasite worldwide. It is of great interest to understand how T. gondii induce different immune responses in different hosts. In this study, we found that a peptide of T. gondii microneme protein MIC3 induced TNF-α production, NF-κB phosphorylation, iNOS transcription and Ly6C expression in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. MyD88 inhibition, small interfering RNA against Tlr11 and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-out of Tlr11 all reduced MIC3-induced TNF-α production, NF-κB phosphorylation, iNOS transcription and Ly6C expression. Additionally, we determined the location of MIC3 peptide in mouse macrophages using immunofluorescence. MIC3 could both adhere to the cell membrane of mouse macrophages and enter the cells. These results suggest that MIC3 triggered the immune responses in mouse macrophages via TLR11/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. It is known that human macrophages lacking TLR11. We predicted that the immune responses induced by MIC3 in human macrophages were significantly different from those in mouse macrophages. As expected, MIC3 peptide failed to induce TNF-α expression, iNOS expression and NF-κB phosphorylation in human THP-1 derived macrophages. MIC3 induced macrophage immune responses via TLR11. Intriguingly, the amino acid sequence of MIC3 is completely different from the well-known TLR11 ligand profilin, which generates a potent IL-12p40, TNF-α and IL-6 response. In marked contrast to profilin, MIC3 could not induce IL-12p40 expression in both mouse RAW264.7 cells and human THP-1 derived macrophages. Furthermore, the simulated tertiary structure of MIC3 peptide shows poor similarity with the crystal structure of profilin, suggesting that MIC3 might be a different ligand from profilin. These findings about MIC3 and TLR11 will provide us with important insights into the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis and coevolution during host-parasite interaction.
Shear flow past two-dimensional droplets pinned or moving on an adhering channel wall at moderate Reynolds numbers: a numerical study

Numerical simulations are presented of shear flow past two-dimensional droplets adhering to a wall, at moderate Reynolds numbers. The results were obtained using a level-set method to track the interface, with measures to eliminate any errors in the conservation of mass of droplets. First, the case of droplets whose contact lines are pinned is considered. Data are presented for the critical value of the dimensionless shear rate (Weber number, $\hbox{\it We}$), beyond which no steady state is found, as a function of Reynolds number, $\hbox{\it Re}$. $\hbox{\it We}$ and $\hbox{\it Re}$ are based on the initial height of the droplet and shear rate; the range of Reynolds numbers simulated is $\hbox{\it Re} \leq 25$. It is shown that, as $\hbox{\it Re}$ is increased, the critical value $\hbox{\it We}_c$ changes from $\hbox{\it We}_c\propto \hbox{\it Re}$ to $\hbox{\it We}_c\approx$ const. , and that the deformation of droplets at $\hbox{\it We}$ just above $\hbox{\it We}_c$ changes fundamentally from a gradual to a sudden dislodgement. In the second part of the paper, drops are considered whose contact lines are allowed to move. The contact-line singularity is removed by using a Navier-slip boundary condition. It is shown that macroscale contact angles can be defined that are primarily functions of the capillary number based on the contact-line speed, instead of the value of $\hbox{\it We}$ of the shear flow. It is shown that a Cox–Voinov-type expression can be used to describe the motion of the downstream contact line. A qualitatively different relation is tested for the motion of the upstream contact line. In a third part of this paper, results are presented for droplets moving on a wall with position-dependent sliplength or contact-angle hysteresis window, in an effort to stabilize or destabilize the drop.
Examination of a demyelinated fiber by action-potential-encoded second harmonic generation

Axonal demyelination is a common phenomenon in the nervous system in human. Conventional measured approaches such as surface recording electrode and diffusion tensor imaging, are hard to fast and accurately determine the demyelinated status of a fiber. In this study, we first presented a mathematical model of nerve fiber demyelination, and it was combined with second harmonic generation(SHG) technique to study the characteristics of action-potential-encoded SHG and analyze the sensitivity of SHG signals responded to membrane potential. And then, we used this approach to fast examine the injured myelin sheaths resulted from demyelination. Each myelin sheath of a fiber was examined simultaneously by this approach. The results showed that fiber demyelination led to observable attenuation of action potential amplitude. The delay of action potential conduction would be markedly observed when the fiber demyelination was more than 80%. Furthermore, the normal and injured myelin sheaths of a myelinated fiber could be distinguished via the changes of SHG signals, which revealed the possibility of SHG technique in the examination of a demyelinated fiber. Our study shows that this approach may have potential application values in clinic.
Milky Way potentials in cold dark matter and MOdified Newtonian Dynamics. Is the Large Magellanic Cloud on a bound orbit

We compute the Milky Way potential in different cold dark matter (CDM) based models, and compare these with the MOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) framework. We calculate the axial ratio of the potential in various models, and find that isopotentials are less spherical in MOND than in CDM potentials. As an application of these models, we predict the escape velocity as a function of the position in the Galaxy. This could be useful in comparing with future data from planned or already-underway kinematic surveys (RAVE, SDSS, SEGUE, SIM, Gaia or the hypervelocity stars survey). In addition, the predicted escape velocity is compared with the recently measured high proper motion velocity of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). To bind the LMC to the Galaxy in a MOND model, while still being compatible with the RAVE-measured local escape speed at the Sun's position, we show that an external field modulus of less than 0.03a 0 is needed. © 2008 RAS.
The heparan sulfate mimetic Muparfostat aggravates steatohepatitis in obese mice due to its binding affinity to lipoprotein lipase

Heparanase is the only confirmed endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate (HS), a ubiquitous glycosaminoglycan with various essential roles in multiple pathological processes. Thus, the development of heparanase inhibitors has become an attractive strategy for drug discovery, especially in tumour therapy, in which HS mimetics are the most promising compounds. The various biological effects of heparanase also suggest a role for HS mimetics in many non‐cancer indications, such as type 1 diabetes. However, the potential benefits of HS mimetics in obesity‐related type 2 diabetes have not been elucidated.
A Novel Method for Text Similarity Calculation

In view of the fact that traditional vector space model for text similarity calculation which does not take word order into consideration leads to bias, this paper puts forward a longest common subsequence and the traditional vector space model of combining text similarity calculation. This method takes the word order and word frequency information into account, using the texts of the longest common subsequence and substring of their information from all public records and the use of word order and word frequency in the text. The importance of similarity calculation is acknowledged, and the traditional vector space model in the calculation of the weight is used on the word frequency information. Some of the dataset collected through the web crawler are used in the proposed text similarity calculation method for testing, and the results proved the effectivity of the method.