Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Treatment of intertrochanteric fractures with dynamic hip screw and femoral neck anti-rotation screw].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the application of anti-rotation screw after dynamic hip screw (DHS) in treatment of intertrochanteric fracture. METHODS Between April 2006 and January 2010, 22 cases of intertrochanteric fractures underwent DHS fixation operation with an anti-rotation screw, including 15 males and 7 females with an average age of 66.3 years (range, 54-83 years). Fractures were caused by slipping in 16 cases, traffic accident in 5 cases, and falling from height in 1 case. All cases showed closed fractures, including 13 cases in the left and 9 cases in the right. Eighteen cases were simple intertrochanteric fracture, 4 cases were intertrochanteric fractures complicated with Colles fractures. According to Evans classification standard, there were 14 cases of type I, 6 cases of type II, 1 case of type III, and 1 case of type IV. The time from wound to operation was 3-7 days (mean, 4.5 days). RESULTS The operation time ranged from 51-95 minutes (mean, 72 minutes). The intraoperative blood loss was 150-350 mL (mean, 270 mL). The hospitalization days were 12-35 days (mean, 16.8 days). Primary healing was observed in all cases. All cases were followed up 6-17 months (mean, 14 months). Union of fracture was observed at 12-16 weeks (mean, 13.6 weeks); no fracture or internal fixation loosening occurred. According to HUANG Gongyi's standard of efficacy assessment, the results were excellent in 19 cases and good in 3 cases. CONCLUSION Application of an anti-rotation screw can help to improve the strength of the DHS for the internal fixation of intertrochanteric fracture, especially the anti-rotation ability, which does not increase the operation time obviously.
Practical map building method for service robot using EKF localization based on statistical distribution of noise parameters

This paper presents a method to build the large-scale indoor maps by means of extended Kalman filter (EKF) localization which explores the statistical distribution of noise parameters. As typical method in many robot localization applications, EKF localization has shown considerable success history to locate the position of the robot. However, EKF has also lack which can degrade its performance, especially in the real environment due to incompleteness, incorrectness and imprecision of noise parameters. Moreover, although many kinds of sensors are used for EKF localization, it is still difficult to generate an accurate map because of noise parameters. The fundamental solution of this problem should be addressed to the utilization of adequate noise parameters setting. We have developed a new technique for searching the optimal noise parameters setting of EKF localization using a statistical distribution. The experiments carried out on mobile robot have been performed to build accurate maps by using EKF localization relied on statistical distribution of noise parameters. The mapping results show that the method based on statistical distribution can be useful for practical application.
Functional Analyses of Human Apolipoprotein CII by Site-directed Mutagenesis

Apolipoprotein CII (apoCII) activates lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Seven residues, located on one face of a model α-helix spanning residues 59–75, are fully conserved in apoCII from ten different animal species. We have mutated these residues one by one. Substitution of Ala59 by glycine, or Thr62 and Gly65 by alanine did not change the activation, indicating that these residues are outside the LPL-binding site. Replacement of Tyr63, Ile66, Asp69, or Gln70 by alanine lowered the affinity for LPL and the catalytic activity of the LPL·apoCII complex. For each residue several additional replacements were made. Most mutants retained some activating ability, but replacement of Tyr63 by phenylalanine or tryptophan and Gln70by glutamate caused almost complete loss of activity. All mutants bound to liposomes with similar affinity as wild-type apoCII, and they also bound with similar affinity to LPL in the absence of hydrolyzable lipids. However, the inactive mutants did not compete with wild-type apoCII in the activation assay. Therefore, we conclude that the productive apoCII·LPL interaction may be dependent on substrate molecules. In summary, our data demonstrate that residues 63, 66, 69, and 70 are of special importance for the function of apoCII, but no single amino acid residue is absolutely crucial.
Measuring Crack Cocaine and its Impact

Numerous social indicators turned negative for Blacks in the 1980s and rebounded a decade later. We explore whether crack cocaine explains these patterns. Absent a direct measure, we construct a crack prevalence index using multiple proxies. Our index reproduces spatial and temporal patterns described in ethnographic accounts of the crack epidemic. It explains much of the 1980s rise in Black youth homicide and more moderate increases in adverse birth outcomes. Although our index remains high through the 1990s, crack's deleterious social impact fades. Changes over time in behavior, crack markets, and the user population may have mitigated crack's damaging impacts.
Lack of localization of 5‐HT6 receptors on cholinergic neurons: implication of multiple neurotransmitter systems in 5‐HT6 receptor‐mediated acetylcholine release

The involvement of the cholinergic system in learning and memory together with the cognitive enhancing properties of 5‐HT6 receptor antagonists led us to study the relationship between 5‐HT6 receptors and cholinergic neurotransmission. A selective cholinergic lesion, induced by injection of the immunotoxin 192‐IgG‐Saporin into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis, failed to alter the density of 5‐HT6 receptor mRNA or protein expression in the deafferentated frontal cortex, suggesting that 5‐HT6 receptors are not located on cholinergic neurons. The 5‐HT6 receptor antagonist SB‐357134 (0.001–1 µm) induced a concentration‐dependant K+‐evoked [3H]acetylcholine (ACh) release in vitro in rat cortical and striatal slices, which was blocked by tetrodotoxin. SB‐357134, up to 1 µm, stimulated glutamate release in cortical and striatal slices. In the cortex, riluzole (1 µm) blocked the SB‐357134‐induced K+‐stimulated [3H]ACh release, and simultaneous administration of MK‐801 (1 µm) and SB‐357134 (0.05 µm) elicited an increase in K+‐evoked ACh release. In the striatum, SB‐357134, 1 µm, decreased dopamine release, and the increase in K+‐evoked [3H]ACh release induced by 5‐HT6 receptor blockade was reversed by the D1 receptor antagonist, SCH23390 (1 µm). In both the frontal cortex and striatum, bicuculline, 1 µm, showed no effect on SB‐357134‐evoked [3H]ACh. These results are discussed in terms of neurochemical mechanisms involved in 5‐HT6 receptor functions.
Prevalence of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of invasive strains of pneumococcus in children: analysis of 9 years.

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of strains of pneumococcus in children and to evaluate the implications for vaccine formulation. METHODS Strains of pneumococcus obtained from children admitted with invasive diseases were isolated at Hospital de Clínicas of Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil, and sent to Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil, for further identification, serotyping, and determination of antimicrobial susceptibility. RESULTS From April 1999 to December 2008, 142 strains of pneumococcus, obtained from children under 5 years of age, were analyzed. Seventy-five (52.8%) patients were male, and the age ranged from 1 to 60 months (mean age = 19+/-15.4 months; median = 15 months). The most common diagnoses were pneumonia [92 cases (64.8%)] and meningitis [33 cases (23.2%)]. The strains were mostly isolated from blood [61 samples (43%)], pleural fluid [52 samples (36.6%)], and cerebrospinal fluid [28 samples (19.7%)]. The most common serotypes were 14, 5, 6B, 1, 6A, 18C, 19A, 3, 9V, 19F, 23F, 9N, and 10A. There were 14 [9.9%] penicillin-resistant strains, which was detected only in the following serotypes: 14, 6B, 19F, 19A, and 23F, being predominant from 2004 to 2008 (p = 0.000). There was reduced susceptibility to co-trimoxazole (79.5%), erythromycin and clindamycin (11.3% each), and ceftriaxone (5.6%). CONCLUSIONS Penicillin resistance was detected in 9.9% of the strains, being predominant from 2004 to 2008. Twenty different pneumococcal serotypes were identified, and 71.9% of the serotypes were represented in the 7-valent conjugate vaccine (PN CRM7) currently available.
Home Literacy Environment and Head Start Children's Language Development: The Role of Approaches to Learning

Research Findings: This study examined whether approaches to learning moderate the association between home literacy environment and English receptive vocabulary development. The Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey (2003 cohort) was used for analysis. Latent growth curve modeling was utilized to test a quadratic model of English receptive vocabulary development. Results showed that children's approaches to learning significantly moderated the influence of home literacy environment on English receptive vocabulary development. Post hoc probing of the simple slopes demonstrated that children with more positive approaches to learning and lower levels of home literacy environment had a higher English receptive vocabulary trajectory. The implications of the study results for early literacy interventions are discussed. Practice or Policy: Findings from this study may have implications for early educators who aim to improve Head Start children's language competencies by targeting home literacy environment and approaches to learning. At a preliminary level, the study findings suggest that positive approaches to learning may compensate for a limited home literacy environment. Because positive approaches to learning can facilitate learning in other domains, for instance, language learning, this information may be useful for early educators in terms of promoting positive learning attitudes and predispositions toward learning.
Parallel Delta-Stepping Algorithm for Shared Memory Architectures

We present a shared memory implementation of a parallel algorithm, called delta-stepping, for solving the single source shortest path problem for directed and undirected graphs. In order to reduce synchronization costs we make some deviations from the algorithm and discuss the consequences. We study the behaviour of our implementation on small-world and scale-free graphs, and graphs arising from game maps. We collect performance data on multi-core CPUs and Intel Xeon Phi. When run in sequential mode, our implementation outperforms the implementation of Dijkstra's algorithm from Boost Graph Library on graphs with a small diameter. Both on the CPU and the co-processor we achieve an overall performance of at least 50% parallel efficiency.
Monadic second order logic as the model companion of temporal logic

The main focus of this paper is on bisimulation-invariant MSO, and more particularly on giving a novel model-theoretic approach to it. In model theory, a model companion of a theory is a first- order description of the class of models in which all potentially solvable systems of equations and non-equations have solutions. We show that bisimulation-invariant MSO on trees gives the model companion for a new temporal logic, "fair CTL", an enrichment of CTL with local fairness constraints. To achieve this, we give a completeness proof for the logic fair CTL which combines tableaux and Stone duality, and a fair CTL encoding of the automata for the modal μ-calculus. Moreover, we also show that MSO on binary trees is the model companion of binary deterministic fair CTL.
The Changing Face of Inequality in Home Mortgage Lending

American homeownership has long been characterized by racial, ethnic, and geographic inequality. In-equality in homeownership, in turn, has contributed to racial and class segregation and inequality in other aspects of American life. Recently, however, there have been signs of dramatic change, as minorities and low-income groups have achieved all-time record high rates of homeownership. To explain these developments, we compare and contrast neoclassical economic theory—which suggests that banking deregulation, increased competition, better information, and improved risk assessment reduce or eliminate mortgage market discrimination—with a sociological theory of networks—which argues industry restructuring can disrupt markets and social relationships and create new opportunities for exploitation. We argue that, as the old inequality in home mortgage lending has slowly diminished, a new inequality has emerged that is characterized by less favorable loan terms, sometimes-problematic forms of housing, and a lack of adequate consumer protection from predatory and abusive practices. Specifically, we describe trends in subprime and manufactured housing lending in U.S. MSAs. Our study finds that such loans accounted for as much as half, or more, of the gains made by underserved markets between 1993 and 2000. Subprime lenders made particularly strong inroads among minority markets at all income levels. We discuss how the old inequality helped make the new inequality possible, and how the new inequality in home mortgage lending is part of a much larger phenomenon in which apparent gains made by minorities and low income groups have come at a far higher cost than have gains by other segments of society.
Short-term psychotherapy of personality disorders.

OBJECTIVE The efficacy of short-term psychotherapy has become an area of increasing interest. The primary objective of this study was to assess the results of two forms of short-term psychotherapy in patients with personality disorders. METHOD Eighty-one patients with personality disorders were randomly assigned to brief adaptive psychotherapy, short-term dynamic psychotherapy, or a waiting list for therapy. Outcome at termination of therapy for the treatment groups and at the end of the waiting period for the waiting list group was evaluated by means of ratings of target complaints and scores on the SCL-90 and the Social Adjustment Scale. In addition, for 38 of the treated patients, target complaints were reevaluated an average of 1.5 years after treatment ended. RESULTS Patients in the two therapy conditions improved significantly on all measures in comparison with the patients on the waiting list. There was no significant difference between the results in the two therapy conditions. The waiting list period averaged approximately 15 weeks; treatment averaged 40 weeks. At follow-up, after an average of 1.5 years, target complaint ratings were not significantly different from those at the termination of therapy. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that brief adaptive psychotherapy and short-term dynamic psychotherapy are effective for patients with certain types of personality disorder and that the two therapy approaches do not differ in overall outcome.
The nonequispaced FFT on graphics processing units

Without doubt, the fast Fourier transform (FFT) belongs to the algorithms with large impact on science and engineering. By appropriate approximations, this scheme has been generalized for arbitrary spatial sampling points. This so called nonequispaced FFT is the core of the sequential NFFT3 library and we discuss its computational costs in detail. On the other hand, programmable graphics processing units have evolved into highly parallel, multithreaded, manycore processors with enormous computational capacity and very high memory bandwidth. By means of the so called Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA), we parallelized the nonequispaced FFT using the CUDA FFT library and a dedicated parallelization of the approximation scheme. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the 3-D reconstruction of Coronal Mass Ejections using coronagraph data

Coronal Mass ejections (CMEs) are enormous eruptions of magnetized plasma expelled from the Sun into the interplanetary space, over the course of hours to days. They can create major disturbances in the interplanetary medium and trigger severe magnetic storms when they collide with the Earth's magnetosphere. It is important to know their real speed, propagation direction and 3-D configuration in order to accurately predict their arrival time at the Earth. Using data from the SECCHI coronagraphs onboard the STEREO mission, which was launched in October 2006, we can infer the propagation direction and the 3-D structure of such events. In this review, we first describe different techniques that were used to model the 3-D configuration of CMEs in the coronagraph field of view ( up to 15 R-circle dot). Then, we apply these techniques to different CMEs observed by various coronagraphs. A comparison of results obtained from the application of different reconstruction algorithms is presented and discussed.
Understanding Wheel Spinning in the Context of Affective Factors

The notion of wheel spinning, students getting stuck in the mastery learning cycle of an ITS without mastering the skill, is an emerging issue. Although wheel spinning has been analyzed, there has been little work in understanding what factors underlie it, and whether it occurs in cultural contexts outside that of the United States. This work analyzes data from 116 students in an urban setting in the Philippines. We found that Filipino students using the Scatterplot Tutor exhibited wheel spinning behaviors. We explore the impact of an intervention, Scooter the Tutor, on wheel spinning behavior and did not find that it had any effect. We also analyzed data from quantitative field observations, and found that wheel spinning is negatively correlated with flow, positively correlated with confusion, but not correlated with boredom. This result suggests that the problem of wheel spinning is primarily cognitive in nature, . and not related to student motivation. However, wheel spinning is positively correlated with gaming the system, so those constructs seem to be related.
Food Values

■ Concern about the agro-industrial food system has generated movements that reconnect producers and consumers, either through alternative distribution networks, or through providing histories of each quality foodstuff. Although these movements share a romantic discourse, they have a range of objectives and a more complex relationship to the mainstream than first appears. The article analyses particularly the concept of authenticity, first in representations of food, then more widely as a value that links production and consumption. The material illustrates a wider analysis (in Graeber, Harvey) of the coexistence of monetary and non-monetary value in an economy dominated by the commodity form. Following on from this, the article sets out the different judgements that have been made about the transformative political potential of these movements.
An Outstanding Positioning of Migrants and Nationals: The Case of Luxembourg

The economic integration of foreigners and their impact on the economic and public finances of the destination country are the subject of numerous debates and research projects. Our aim is to investigate the contribution of foreigners to public finances in Luxembourg. The intention is to find out whether migrants and nationals consume more in benefits than they contribute to public finances and the social security system, or whether they in fact contribute more than they consume. We present a quite unusual situation, where a small nation-state has incorporated not only the most important share of foreigners, but also an extremely performing immigration. Luxembourg has a longstanding tradition of attracting highly qualified foreigners and of transnational economic leaders since the end of 19th century. Currently, the share of highly qualified foreigners became more important than the share of highly qualified nationals. And more so, these highly qualified foreigners have higher educational levels than their national counterparts. Given an overwhelming majority of transnational economic leaders (70 to 80 percent) and a significant majority of extremely well educated foreigners, the traditional question of integration and assimilation might have become obsolete or reversed. In terms of the Chicago school or the model of Esser (2004), we will demonstrate that these foreigners position themselves on top of the national elite. A result of their quantitative and qualitative impact might be a reversal of the traditional assimilation model: transnationals and not nationals provide perhaps the reference model for assimilation.
Imaging in acute stroke

ABSTRACT Introduction: Stroke is the third leading cause of death and disability in Canada. In the hyperacute stroke setting, the treating physician must make a time critical decision on the treatment of each patient. Recent advances in imaging help the treating physician identify the subgroup of patients eligible for acute treatment of ischaemic stroke. Areas covered: In this review we will discuss Non-Contrast Computed Tomography (NCCT), CT-Angiography (CTA), and CT-Perfusion (CTP) in assessment of patients with acute ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage. Intravenous tPA was the only proven therapy for acute ischaemic stroke presenting within 4.5 hours, until the five recent trials proved the efficacy of EVT for acute ischaemic stroke with proximal arterial occlusion. Imaging played a major role in patient selection in all five trials. Expert commentary: The challenge of rapid clinical assessment, review of imaging and timely treatment will continue to be made easier as the development and understanding of imaging progresses.
Parental rearing as a function of parent's own, partner's, and child's anxiety status: Fathers make the difference

Parents of children with anxiety disorders are found to be over controlling and more rejecting in parent–child interactions than parents of control children. However, most studies included mothers, and the rearing behaviour of fathers of anxious children is largely unknown. Also, it remains unclear whether parents’ control and rejection is a response to child's anxiety, or (also) results from parents’ own anxiety. Participants were 121 children referred with anxiety disorders and 38 control children, and their parents. The diagnostic status of all parents was assessed. Each child conducted discussions around issues of disagreement, with father, with mother, and with both parents. Compared to parents of control children, fathers and mothers of clinically anxious children displayed more control to their child, but not more rejection, and fathers supported their partner less. Effect sizes, however, were small. In families of fathers with anxiety disorders, fathers were borderline more controlling and rejecting and mothers more rejecting towards their anxious child than in families of fathers without anxiety disorders. Fathers with anxiety disorders dominated the conversation relative to mothers, which was associated with greater controlling of the child. Effect sizes were medium. Mothers’ anxiety status was not associated with different rearing behaviours in both parents. It is concluded that fathers’ anxiety status seems to make the difference in raising an anxious child.