Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caractérisation hydrogéophysique multi-échelles et dynamique des stocks d'eau souterrains d'un bassin versant en zone soudanienne de socle : apport de la gravimétrie

Le stock d’eau, ses variations temporelles et leurs repartitions spatiales, sont des grandes inconnues du cycle hydrologique d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Les trois principaux types de gravimetres actuels (un gravimetre relatif supraconducteur –SG–, un microgravimetre relatif –CG5–, et un gravimetre absolu –FG5–) ont ete deployes sur un bassin versant elementaire de l’observatoire AMMA-CATCH de l’Oueme superieur (Benin), representatif d’un milieu cultive de la zone soudanienne. Conjointement, un important dispositif de suivi hydrologique (piezometrie, sonde a neutrons) a ete mis en place, ainsi que des mesures de geophysique de proche surface (mesures electriques, electromagnetiques et resonance magnetique des protons –RMP–) pour la caracterisation des aquiferes. Ces travaux font etat des apports de la gravimetrie pour 1) la determination de la porosite de drainage en zone de socle heterogene, 2) le suivi des variations de stock d’eau integrees a l’echelle d’apprehension des gravimetres (parcelle de 100m de cote) et 3) l’identification de processus hydrologiques lies a la redistribution interne au sein du bassin versant et a la genese des ecoulements.
Reserve Components as a Non-Military Defense Strategy to Support Defense Economic

Indonesia has large human resources and has a lot of potential if proper management and development is carried out. Human resources are the most important aspect as a determinant of the development of national defense. This potential has a positive effect with the aim of forming a reserve component as a support for national defense forces so that the formation of this reserve component can also be interpreted as a strategy. This paper aims to explain how the role of reserve components in non-military defense efforts. The method used by researchers is a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The result of this writing is that the reserve components originating from the community will return to the community, then this is considered as a soft-approach strategy to form a nationalist youth generation which will ward off threats that arise from various aspects of social life. It is hoped that the development of the strength and capability of national defense in the management of the reserve component will result in the success of the universal people’s security and defense system with a large number of civil society members becoming members of the reserve component.
HABITAT MAPPING AND REMOTE SENSING FOR RARE, ENDANGERED, AND SENSITIVE SPECIES IN THE HUDSON VALLEY, NY

Biodiversity is a critical indicator of the health of a local or regional environment. An important first step in biodiversity assessment is the creation of a large-scale habitat map for a region of interest. In the present study the authors create a large-scale, field-verified habitat map of a varied landscape of nearly 4000 acres in the central Hudson River Valley of New York State. The study area is defined by north-south trending swamp- marsh complexes, in many cases dammed by beavers, bordered by development, or more rarely by upland forests, ledges and mountains. Of particular interest is the presence of rare and development-sensitive species in the study area. The map generated by the authors was compared with a simple supervised classification of the same area using Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper data. A pixel-by-pixel overlay of the supervised classification with a simplified habitat map shows 45% pixel misclassification. However, the supervised classification did identify each of the significant habitats in the study area, though not with perfect spatial correspondence. Our conclusion is that remote sensing holds promise for simplifying the process of habitat mapping, leaving more time for researchers to work in the field.
Management of Meloidogyne incognita infecting eggplant by ginger and clove grinded seeds singly integrated with two bio-agents under greenhouse conditions

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the potential of ginger and clove grinded seeds singly or integrated with two bio-agents namely bio-arc ( Bacillus megaterium ), bio-zed ( Trichoderma album ), under the stress of Meloidogyne incognita infecting eggplants cv. Black king Japanese (27±5 ◦C). Results indicated that integration of two components of such bio-agents gave better results in eggplant growth parameters than did single ones or dual in concomitant with bio-arc and bio-zed and oxamyl induced significant (P ≤ 0.05) and maximum improvement in total plant fresh weight and shoot dry weight. The greatest suppression in nematodes population (95.7%), root galling (83.0%), and number of egg masses (100%) was also sustained at the soil amended with ginger +clove + bio-arc + bio-zed+ oxamyl since incorporation of such organic materials into soil might enhance B. megaterium and Trichoderma album activity that initiates antibiotics towards nematode population. Meanwhile
Analyse expérimentale et simulation numérique de l’interaction fluide-structure d’un hydrofoil élastique en écoulement subcavitant et cavitant

Le developpement de structures portantes flexibles dans le domaine naval, telles que les helices ou les safrans, pose de nouveaux problemes de dimensionnement. Cette these a pour but de developper une methode de dimensionnement validee par des essais pour des structures portantes deformables soumises a des ecoulements, eventuellement diphasiques de type cavitant. Les essais sont realises sur un hydrofoil de type NACA66-312(mod.), fabrique en polyacetate, au sein du tunnel hydrodynamique de l'Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole Navale. Lors des essais, des mesures de deformations du profil portant ainsi que de niveaux vibratoires sont realisees. Une methode numerique couplant un code structure elements finis (ANSYS Mechanical) avec un code fluide volumes finis (ANSYS CFX) par une methode partitionnee, iterative, synchrone et sequentielle, laquelle est validee en terme de prediction du deplacement et des contraintes pour des ecoulements subcavitants dans un premier temps, puis pour des ecoulements cavitants stables et instables.
Ultrasmall CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles in ferrofluids, influence of the synthesis on the magnetic anisotropies

— The magnetic properties of cobalt ferrites nanoparticles prepared using three different processes (thermal decomposition, polyol or co-precipitation synthesis routes) are investigated by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism. The relative repartition of cobalt and iron ions amongst the interstitial sites of the spinel structure is determined and correlated with their magnetic properties. The study reports on the influence of the synthesis method on the crystallographic order within a nanoparticle, and hence, on the magnetic anisotropy. Index Terms — Spinel, Ferrite, Nanoparticles, XMCD, Anisotropies
Multi-patch integrated learning dehazing network for small-scale dataset

Abstract. To further improve the feature representation ability of haze removal model on small-scale datasets, we propose a three-hierarchical encoder–decoder integrating learning architecture. Unlike increasing the depth of network to improve the performance, we use three sets of transfer learning encoders to aggregate features on multiple patches. This strategy makes full use of deep and shallow features from different spatial parts of original hazy images. These different spatial parts are used to jointly optimize non-homogeneous hazy images with different scene depths and degradation degrees. We propose an integrated learning decoder, in which the internal integrated learning module decodes by gradually infusing the deep and shallow features of the identical patch. We fuse all encoded features at each stage for original resolution decoder. We report the quantitative and visual results of eight advanced haze removal methods (2019 to 2021). We compare these methods on five real-world and synthetic hazy datasets, including homogeneous and non-homogeneous degraded datasets. We present the results of the ablation study for key components. The generalization of our method is significantly better than other methods on real hazy scenes. We report improvements in semantic segmentation performance. This result could be used for autonomous driving, automated guided vehicle scheduling in closed factory area, etc.
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in the Philippines - a Case Study within the Leyte Region

In light of the most recent devastating natural disaster event of the Philippines brought upon by Typhoon Haiyan (locally known as Yolanda) on November 8, 2013 that displaced and affected millions in its wake, this thesis attempts to look into the country’s status of preparedness and response to climate-related disasters. Amidst the socio-economic challenges facing this impoverished country are the environmental challenges and proneness to natural hazards that problematize adaptation, recovery, and redevelopment efforts for the country. With a focus on the Leyte region of the Philippines as a local case of exploration, the study seeks to explore the role of institutions and actors who are involved, to identify the challenges experienced in the adopting and implementing process, with the hope to illuminate from the data as to why these challenges exist. The research also touches upon a larger discussion beyond what adaptation strategies can contribute, specifically in framing sustainable development for the country. Using a case study research design, qualitative research methods were employed and interviews conducted with various actors to achieve the aims of the study. A theoretical and conceptual framework was used on the paradigms of natural hazards and vulnerability, the three components of adaptation, and the role of actors and institutions. The results showed that institutions play important roles and hold responsibilities in communicating the main objective of adaptation strategies, but is lost among participating actors. In terms of knowledge and involvement with climate-related adaptation, it is an emerging aspect set within the larger disaster risk reduction context. Identified challenges in educating and communicating the strategies often emerge at the government and community-levels, potentially drawing from bureaucratic challenges funneling down to local government units, which are exacerbated by feelings of distrust and strained relations of communities toward the government. Finally, few themes were found from the data in connecting climate change adaptation strategies to a greater role in framing sustainable development in the Philippines. However, alleviation of impoverished conditions and education were two critical aspects for cultivating knowledge needed to promote long-term efforts toward resilience, and thus sustainability of the local people during disaster events.
Marine Managed Areas in the Human Cultural Context: An assessment of the 'socio-cultural reality' associated with MMA establishment in Belize

Across the globe, marine managed area (MMA) designation has been traditionally justified primarily from a biological perspective, the goals of which have focused on conserving species and habitats critical for maintaining the ecological integrity of marine ecosystems. As such, MMAs have evolved over time to become “bio-ecological” tools for marine conservation that lack social and/or cultural meaning. In the Belizean context, the situation is no different. MMAs have been fully embraced by Belize as tools for improving its strategy towards coastal and marine resources management. While MMA processes in Belize now incorporate socio-economic factors, the fundamental human cultural values and belief systems that drive behavior with respect to MMA resources use have not been formally considered. I conducted this Master’s project in conjunction with Conservation International’s MMA Cultural Roles Study in Belize, the main goal of which was to describe and assess cultural values and perceived cultural impacts associated with the establishment of Laughing Bird Caye and Gladden Spit as MMAs on Seine Bight and Hopkins, two coastal communities along Belize’s southern coast. I investigated this issue by conducting a total of 37 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with key informants from the two communities, in addition to undertaking observational ethnographies. In order to gain a holistic perspective for my research, I interviewed informants on the following topics: 1) history of involvement with MMAs; 2) community characteristics; 3) perceptions of “the environment”; 4) cultural impacts resulting from MMA establishment and other factors; and 5) gender roles and marine activities. My findings suggest that due to an almost non-existent involvement of Seine Bight with the two MMAs, this village suffered no identifiable cultural impacts from the establishment of either MMA. Hopkins Village, like Seine Bight, has also had a relatively low involvement with Laughing Bird Caye and as such, did not suffer any cultural impacts from its establishment. The establishment of Gladden Spit as an MMA seems to have had little impact on the habitual fishing activities of Hopkins residents since they continue to use this MMA as they usually would. In spite of these findings, cultural data can have important implications for understanding how coastal communities adapt their cultural attitudes and behaviors in response to the imposition of conservation codes, such as MMAs, that affect their usage of the marine commons. This basic understanding can be an invaluable first step towards predicting the long-term biological, socio-economic and cultural “successes” of MMA establishment not only in Belize but in countries in the wider Caribbean region and around the globe.
Estimation of photovoltaic module parameters based on datasheet: A review and a proposed method

This paper is aimed at first to present a thorough review of published research works for evaluating the photovoltaic module parameters in three categories. In the first category, the parameters were determined successively one-by-one based on several approximations. The second category was an extension to the first category but through one-or two-loops for determining one-or two-parameters. Then, the remaining parameters were obtained one-by-one. In the third category, an iterative procedure was presented for simultaneous solution of the describing equations based on assumed initial values of some parameters. The remaining parameters -if any-were determined in terms of those already obtained by iteration. The present paper proposes a method for determining the parameters based on datasheet values at three key points on the module current-voltage (I-V) curve and solution of describing equations of the module with the same well-defined initial values, which serve solution for single-and double-diode models irrespective of module type and rating by using Matlab "fsolve" routine. To the authors’ knowledge, one of the formulated equations includes -for the first time-the value of the module maximum power. This value was never considered before by other approaches reported in the literature for evaluating the module parameters. The obtained results confirmed the superiority of the proposed method in assessing the module parameters with higher accuracy than that of other methods reported in the literature. The root-mean-square-deviation from the describing equations records a value of 0.005 against a range from 0.03 to 2.45 by other methods for the same module. As a second check, the percentage deviation of the slope of I-V curve at maximum-power-point from its nominal value reached 0.07% for the proposed method against a range from 0.22 to 44.5 % by other methods. As a third check, the accuracy is evaluated at points different from the key points of the datasheet. The module current value at open-circuit voltage is 0.0029A and closer to zero on using the module parameters predicted by the proposed method when compared with values in a range from -0.23 to + 0.92A obtained by other methods.
Thinking in Circles: An Essay on Ring Composition

Many famous antique texts are misunderstood and many others have been completely dismissed, all because the literary style in which they were written is unfamiliar today. So argues Mary Douglas in this controversial study of ring composition, a technique which places the meaning of a text in the middle, framed by a beginning and ending in parallel. To read a ring composition in the modern linear fashion is to misinterpret it, Douglas contends, and today's scholars must reevaluate important antique texts from around the world. Found in the Bible and in writings from as far afield as Egypt, China, Indonesia, Greece, and Russia, ring composition is too widespread to have come from a single source. Does it perhaps derive from the way the brain works? What is its function in social contexts? The author examines ring composition, its principles and functions, in a cross-cultural way. She focuses on ring composition in Homer's Iliad, the Bible's book of Numbers, and, for a challenging modern example, Laurence Sterne's Tristram Shandy, developing a persuasive argument for reconstruing famous books and rereading neglected ones.
Incorporating climate change scenarios into new operating rules for large reservoirs: a transnational assessment in the Meuse basin

Water reservoirs are the most effective means for mitigating natural disasters such as floods or droughts. Therefore, existing reservoirs, especially those created by large dams, offer unique opportunities to mitigate hydrological impacts of climate change. Nonetheless, climate change scenarios must be incorporated into the development of enhanced operating rules for such reservoirs, in order to secure in the long term the achievement of goals in terms of flood damping and water resources management for low-flows. Within the Interreg IVB project AMICE, involving 17 European partners, such studies are being conducted at the scale of the international catchment of river Meuse, with a focus on the Vesdre reservoirs in Belgium and the Rur reservoirs in Germany. The former consist of two large reservoirs with a combined capacity exceeding 50 M m³, while the latter are six reservoirs with a total capacity reaching almost 300 M m³. Their influence extends thus far in the downstream area, even transnationally on the lower Meuse in the Netherlands. All considered reservoirs are multi-purpose, serving for water supply as well as flood and low-flow control. To guide the development of new operating rules for the reservoirs, an integrated methodology has been set up. In Germany, a modeling environment is available, consisting of hydrological models, a water management model for the reservoir control and 1D-2D hydraulic models for the determination of flood areas downstream. In Belgium, results of hydrological modeling will be exploited, together with a model for reservoir control as well as detailed 2D inundation modeling. Climate scenarios derived earlier in the AMICE project (Drogue et al. 2010) are key inputs for the assessment. They were derived from existing regional and national scenarios within the international basin of river Meuse and include transnational scenarios both for floods and low flows. The scenarios have been developed for the time horizons 2021-2050 and 2071-2100. The point of enhancing operating rules is twofold: reduce inundation impacts downstream and mitigate consequences of low flows. Therefore, the hydrologic-hydraulic assessment is complemented by exposure modeling and risk analysis to be conducted in the downstream areas, based on outflows from the reservoir resulting from the new operating rules. To this end, existing and verified procedures will be exploited to assess socio-economic impacts of floods (e.g. Ernst et al. 2010), while an innovative approach will be elaborated for low-flows.
Water Conservation and Productivity Improvement of "Le Conte" Pear Trees Utilizing a Partial Root-Zone Drying Technique Combined with Anti-Transpiration Materials and Polyethylene Mulch

Irrigation water scarcity is a major issue that reduces horticultural crop output and productivity. As a result, efforts must be made to improve irrigation technologies, irrigation management techniques, and the usage of water-saving materials. As a result, the goal of this research is to justify the use of water in irrigating "Le-Conte" pear plants under desert soil conditions while minimizing the negative influence on production and fruit quality. The partial root drying (PRD) technique, as well as anti-transpiration products and plastic mulch, are used to accomplish this aim. During the study seasons, trees were irrigated with PRD technology at levels of 75 or 50 % of the irrigation requirement (IR) without any additives, or with kaolin or green miracle as anti-transpiration, or by covering the soil surface with black polyethylene, as opposed to irrigation with 100 % of the IR by the traditional way. The results showed that under the drip irrigation system, water can be conservation by reducing irrigation amounts by 25% of the optimal rate using PRD technique, especially when combined with the use of mulching or the use of anti-transpiration materials, it gave superior or similar results to the results achieved with the use of full irrigating rate in the normal way without any additional treatments for studied traits such as total leaf macro nutrient content, total chlorophyll content, carbohydrates, and IAA and GA3 content which achieved the highest yield with the best fruit characteristics in terms of fruit weight and a good percentage of fruits with red cheek.
SPECKLE NOISE REMOVAL IN IMAGES USING BILATERAL FILTERING AND WAVELET TRANSFORM

— Medical images are distorted by several noise forms in image processing. To permit accurate observations for the intended use, it is crucial to make a precise photograph. Eliminating noise from medical pictures is presently a very tough subject in the field of medical image processing. This project seeks to undertake a study of Speckle noise in the medical image and remove the Speckle noise by utilizing Bilateral filtering and Wavelet transform-based techniques. These are used on a variety of medical pictures, including CT, MRI, and X-ray images, to reduce noise while preserving the edges and reducing detail loss. It uses statistical factors to compare the Reconstructed image with the original image. Signal to Noise Ratio, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, Mean Square Error.
A non‐linear fractional‐order type‐3 fuzzy control for enhanced path‐tracking performance of autonomous cars

Path‐tracking and lane‐keeping efficiency of driverless cars remain critical characteristics of the efficient and safe deployment of such vehicles in future intelligent transportation systems. This study introduces a robust type‐3 (T3) fuzzy controller implementation for the path‐tracking task of driverless cars during critical driving conditions and subject to exogenous disturbances. Unlike many existing control paradigms, the proposed scheme is independent of the parameter information and assumes the system dynamics are unknown and non‐linear. Control inputs are constructed to improve robustness by eliminating the error bounds while ensuring stability by leveraging the Lyapunov stability theorem and Barbalat's lemma. Also, a predicate scheme based on non‐linear predictive control technique is introduced to enhance the lateral displacement. Based on the obtained results, the schemed controller exhibits competitive effectiveness in path‐tracking tasks, and strong efficiency under various road conditions, parametric uncertainties, and unknown disturbances.