Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ASPG: Generating Android Semantic Permissions

Android system has been widely utilized in smartphones, but it also has many security threats. Android uses the permission system to notice the user during installation about what permissions it will receive. However, according to related research, most users have poor understanding of permissions, and will accept the prompt directly. Over privileged applications will expose users to unnecessary permission warnings and increase the impact of a bug or vulnerability. In order to reduce user's trouble and avoid application over privilege, we focus on permissions for a given application and examine whether the application description provide any indication for why the application needs a permission. We propose an android semantic permission generator (ASPG) to understand what permissions an application needs from user's perspective. Our ASPG can get the semantic permissions based on the application description. Besides, ASPG will further tailor the semantically unrelated permissions. We analyze ten popular applications using the ASPG, finding that they all contain semantically unrelated permissions. After tailoring the semantically unrelated permissions, most of applications can run normally. Experimental results show ASPG is feasible. In addition, we provide a specification to support our ASPG better when an application runs abnormally.
Near-optimal and scalable intrasignal in-place optimization for non-overlapping and irregular access schemes

Storage-size management techniques aim to reduce the resources required to store elements and to concurrently provide efficient addressing during element accessing. Existing techniques are less appropriate for large iteration spaces with increased numbers of irregularly spread holes. They either have to approximate the accessed regions, leading to overestimation of the final resources, or they require prohibited exploration time to find the storage size. In this work, we present a near-optimal and scalable methodology for storage-size, intrasignal, in-place optimization, that is, to compute the minimum amount of resources required to store the elements of a group (array), for irregular complex access schemes in the target domain of non-overlapping store and load accesses.
Sliding mode control law for a variable speed wind turbine

Modern wind turbines are designed in order to work in variable speed operations. To perform this task, wind turbines are provided with adjustable speed generators, like the double feed induction generator. One of the main advantage of adjustable speed generators is improving the system efficiency compared to fixed speed generators, because turbine speed can be adjusted as a function of wind speed in order to maximize the output power. However this system requires a suitable speed controller in order to track the optimal reference speed of the wind turbine. In this work, a sliding mode control for variable speed wind turbines is proposed. An integral sliding surface is used, because the integral term avoids the use of the acceleration signal, which reduces the high frequency components in the sliding variable. The proposed design also uses the vector oriented control theory in order to simplify the generator dynamical equations. The stability analysis of the proposed controller has been carried out under wind variations and parameter uncertainties by using the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally simulated results show, on the one hand that the proposed controller provides a high-performance dynamic behavior, and on the other hand that this scheme is robust with respect to parameter uncertainties and wind speed variations, that usually appear in real systems.
SEED: Enabling Serverless and Efficient Encrypted Deduplication for Cloud Storage

Data deduplication is a technique that removes redundancy of data on the storage. For cloud storage services, enabling deduplication over encrypted data is of vital importance to achieve both cost savings and keeping data confidentiality simultaneously. Recently proposed solutions are not sufficient because of lacking desired level of security and efficiency. In this paper, we propose SEED, a novel scheme for serverless and efficient encrypted deduplication. Without aid of any additional servers, SEED provides strong confidentiality to the outsourced data. In addition, its non-interactive file encryption with support of lazy encryption greatly reduces latency in file uploading process. Security analysis and performance evaluations show the superior efficiency and effectiveness of SEED for cloud storage services.
Geographies of Commodity Chains

Individuals, consumer groups, nation states and supra-national bodies increasingly have interrogated the ethics of particular production and consumption relations such as GM foods. Flowing from and bound up with these political concerns is the growing interest in the mutual dependence of sites of (for example) production, distribution, retailing, design, advertising, marketing and final consumption. Commodity Chains draws together contributions concerned with the production, circulation and consumption of commodities. Not only do these case study examples seek to transcend older understandings of production and consumption, but they also explicitly tap into wider public debate about the meanings, origins and biographies of commodities. Taking a geographical approach to the analysis of links between producers and consumers, focusing upon the ways in which these ties increasingly are stretched across spaces and places. Critical engagements with the ways in which these spaces and places affect the economies, cultures and politics of the connections between producers and consumers are threaded through each section.
Postnatal development of corticocortical efferents from area 17 in the cat's visual cortex

We are interested in the postnatal development of corticocortical connections in the cat's visual cortex. In this study, we injected the anterograde tracer 3H-proline into visual cortical area 17 of kittens, aged 4–70 d, and adult cats to visualize the distribution of terminals of the association projections to areas 18, 19, 21a, and the lateral suprasylvian visual cortex. The density of anterograde label was quantified using computerized image analysis. There was dense labeling at topographically appropriate locations in area 18 in animals of all ages. In 4- and 8-d-old kittens, other extrastriate areas (19, 21a and the lateral suprasylvian cortex) contained only sparse label, localized in a few solitary axons; these areas were densely labeled in animals aged 12 d or more. In kittens aged 4–20 d there was considerable, widespread label within fibers located in the white matter, and many of these axons lay underneath regions of extrastriate, and also striate, cortex that were almost certainly not destined to be persistently innervated by cells at the injection site. This pattern of extensive white matter label was not seen in animals older than 20 d. In each extrastriate region, from the earliest age at which we identified dense cortical innervation from area 17, the terminals were distributed in clusters. At first these patches were mainly in infragranular layers, but later, during the second and third postnatal weeks, they began to appear in more superficial laminae. By 70 d, an adult-like distribution of terminals was found in each extrastriate area: most fibers appeared to end in layers II and III in areas 18, 19, and 21a and centered on layer IV in the medial bank of the middle suprasylvian sulcus in adult cats. We suggest that the development of ipsilateral association projections from area 17 to extrastriate cortex is a 2-stage process. First, cells at a particular point in area 17 send immature fibers in a nonspecific fashion through white matter towards a very wide area of extrastriate cortex. Second, corticocortical axons penetrate extrastriate cortex mainly in patches at topographically appropriate regions and grow to their targets in a specific fashion.
Parameter estimation of Gaussian hidden Markov models when missing observations occur

Contents: Introduction. 1. The basic Gaussian Hidden Markov model. — 2. Some joint probability density functions of the process. -2.1. The joint pdf of (Y 1 , ., Y T). -2.2. The joint pdf of the observations and one state of the Markov chain. -2.3. The joint pdf of the observations and two consecutive states of the Markov chain. — 3.
Impaired cerebral CO2 vasoreactivity: association with endothelial dysfunction.

Conflicting data exist on the role of nitric oxide (NO) in cerebral blood flow (CBF) autoregulation. Previous studies involving human and animal subjects seem to indicate that NO involvement is limited to the CO(2)-dependent mechanism (chemoregulation) and not to the pressure-dependent autoregulation (mechanoregulation). We tested this hypothesis in patients with impaired endothelial function compared with healthy controls. Blood pressure, heart rate, end-tidal Pco(2), CBF velocities (CBFV), forearm blood flow, and reactive hyperemia were assessed in 16 patients with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension and compared with 12 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Pressure-dependent autoregulation was determined by escalating doses of phenylephrine. CO(2) vasoreactivity index was extrapolated from individual slopes of mean CBFV during normocapnia, hyperventilation, and CO(2) inhalation. Measurements were repeated after sodium nitroprusside infusion. Indexes of endothelial function, maximal and area under the curve (AUC) of forearm blood flow (FBF) changes, were significantly impaired in patients (maximal flow: 488 +/- 75 vs. 297 +/- 31%; P = 0.01, AUC DeltaFBF: 173 +/- 17 vs. 127 +/- 11; P = 0.03). Patients and controls showed similar changes in cerebrovascular resistance during blood pressure challenges (identical slopes). CO(2) vasoreactivity was impaired in patients compared with controls: 1.19 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.54 +/- 0.1 cm.s(-1). mmHg(-1); P = 0.04. NO donor (sodium nitroprusside) offsets this disparity. These results suggest that patients with endothelial dysfunction have impaired CO(2) vasoreactivity and preserved pressure-dependent autoregulation. This supports our hypothesis that NO is involved in CO(2)-dependent CBF regulation alone. CBFV chemoregulation could therefore be a surrogate of local cerebral endothelial function.
Data-driven approach to dynamic visual attention modelling

Visual attention deployment mechanisms allow the Human Visual System to cope with an overwhelming amount of visual data by dedicating most of the processing power to objects of interest. The ability to automatically detect areas of the visual scene that will be attended to by humans is of interest for a large number of applications, from video coding, video quality assessment to scene understanding. Due to this fact, visual saliency (bottom-up attention) models have generated significant scientific interest in recent years. Most recent work in this area deals with dynamic models of attention that deal with moving stimuli (videos) instead of traditionally used still images. Visual saliency models are usually evaluated against ground-truth eye-tracking data collected from human subjects. However, there are precious few recently published approaches that try to learn saliency from eyetracking data and, to the best of our knowledge, no approaches that try to do so when dynamic saliency is concerned. The paper attempts to fill this gap and describes an approach to data-driven dynamic saliency model learning. A framework is proposed that enables the use of eye-tracking data to train an arbitrary machine learning algorithm, using arbitrary features derived from the scene. We evaluate the methodology using features from a state-of-the art dynamic saliency model and show how simple machine learning algorithms can be trained to distinguish between visually salient and non-salient parts of the scene.
Rapid and Precise Engineering of the Caenorhabditis elegans Genome with Lethal Mutation Co-Conversion and Inactivation of NHEJ Repair

As in other organisms, CRISPR/Cas9 methods provide a powerful approach for genome editing in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Oligonucleotides are excellent repair templates for introducing substitutions and short insertions, as they are cost effective, require no cloning, and appear in other organisms to target changes by homologous recombination at DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Here, I describe a methodology in C. elegans to efficiently knock in epitope tags in 8–9 days, using a temperature-sensitive lethal mutation in the pha-1 gene as a co-conversion marker. I demonstrate that 60mer oligos with 29 bp of homology drive efficient knock-in of point mutations, and that disabling nonhomologous end joining by RNAi inactivation of the cku-80 gene significantly improves knock-in efficiency. Homology arms of 35–80 bp are sufficient for efficient editing and DSBs up to 54 bp away from the insertion site produced knock-ins. These findings will likely be applicable for a range of genome editing approaches in C. elegans, which will improve editing efficiency and minimize screening efforts.
OPTIMOL: A Framework for Online Picture Collection via Incremental Model Learning

OPTIMOL (a framework for Online Picture collection via Incremental MOdel Learning) is a novel, automatic dataset collecting and model learning system for object categorization. Our algorithm mimics the human learning process in such a way that, starting from a few training examples, the more confident data you incorporate in the training data, the more reliahle models can be learnt. Our system uses the Internet as the (nearly) unlimited resource for images. The learning and image collection processes are done via an iterative and incremental scheme. The goal of this work is to use this tremendous web resource to learn robust object category models in order to detect and search for objects in real-world scenes.
An In-Depth Context-Awareness Framework for Pervasive Video Cloud

We claim that context-awareness for big data should be more in-depth than that of classical one, due to complexities of big data. Intelligent video data processing based on video cloud plays an important role for some applications such as public security and transportation. The existing work on context-awareness can not work properly on pervasive video cloud due to the intrinsic complexities of big video data. Therefore, in this paper we propose an in-depth context-awareness framework for pervasive video cloud in order to know the underlying contexts in big video data, based on deep learning techniques. We have conducted initial evaluations to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach, including the prediction of workload for cloud nodes, and the recognition of targets in the video at real time.
A new HMM adaptation approach for the case of a hands-free speech input in reverberant rooms

A new method is presented for adapting the HMMs of a speech recognition system to the condition of a hands-free speech input in a room environment. The reverberation in a room usually has a bad effect on the performance of a recognition system. Reverberation causes an artificial extension of acoustic excitations what gets visible as so called reverberation tail when looking at the envelope of the short-term energy over the whole frequency range or in subbands.Theapproach is based on the assumption that the acoustic excitation of a speech segment, as modeled by an HMM state, will be seen as attenuated versions at successive HMM states. Adding this attenuated excitations in the spectral domain at each HMM state leads to a considerable improvement of the recognition performance. Furthermore a new approach is presented to adapt the Delta parameters that are usually taken as additional acoustic features. The efficiency of both new techniques has been proved by some experiments on isolated and connected word recognition with the TIDigits speech data base.
Sexual counseling and cardiovascular disease: practical approaches

Patients with cardiovascular disease and their partners expect health care providers to provide sexual counseling to assist them in maintaining sexual quality of life. Evidence suggests however, that there is a gap in integrating evidence into practice and that relatively few cardiac patients receive sexual counseling. This can result in negative psychological, physical, and quality of life outcomes for couples who may needlessly decide sexual activity is too risky and cease all sexual activity. Two scientific statements now exist that provide ample guidance to health care providers in discussing this important topic. Using a team approach that includes physicians, nurses, physical therapists, rehabilitation staff, and others is important to ensure that sexual counseling occurs throughout recovery. In addition, several trials using interventional approaches for sexual counseling provide insight into successful approaches for sexual counseling in practice. This article provides practical strategies and evidence-based approaches for assessment and sexual counseling for all cardiac patients and their partners, and specific counseling for those with ischemic conditions, heart failure, and implanted devices.
The Fe 3O 4 origin of the Biphase reconstruction on a-Fe 2O 3(0 0 0 1)

0039-6028/$ see front matter 2009 Elsevier B.V. A doi:10.1016/j.susc. 2009.06. 006 * Corresponding author. Address: Department of neering, Northwestern University, 2220 N Campus Dr E-mail address: L-marks@northwestern.edu (L.D. M The so-called Biphase termination on a-Fe2O3 has been widely accepted to be a structure with a 40 Å unit supercell composed of coexisting islands of Fe1 xO and a-Fe2O3. Based on thermodynamic arguments and experimental evidence, including transmission electron diffraction, imaging, magnetic and spectroscopic information, it is found that the previously proposed structure model is inaccurate. The actual Biphase structure is instead a layered structure related to the reduction of a-Fe2O3 to Fe3O4. A model for the Biphase termination is proposed which does not contain islands of Fe1 xO but instead consists of bulk a-Fe2O3 and a Fe3O4-derived overlayer. The proposed model is consistent with all current and previously reported experimental findings. 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Online equivalence learning through a Quasi-Newton method

Recently, the community has shown a growing interest in building online learning models. In this paper, we are interested in the framework of fuzzy equivalences obtained by residual implications. Models are generally based on the relevance degree between pairs of objects of the learning set, and the update is obtained by using a standard stochastic (online) gradient descent. This paper proposes another method for learning fuzzy equivalences using a Quasi-Newton optimization. The two methods are extensively compared on real data sets for the task of nearest sample(s) classification.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterisation of Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315 Mutants Affected in Homoserine Lactone and Diffusible Signal Factor-Based Quorum Sensing Systems Suggests Interplay between Both Types of Systems

Many putative virulence factors of Burkholderia cenocepacia are controlled by various quorum sensing (QS) circuits. These QS systems either use N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHL) or cis-2-dodecenoic acid (“Burkholderia diffusible signal factor”, BDSF) as signalling molecules. Previous work suggested that there is little cross-talk between both types of systems. We constructed mutants in B. cenocepacia strain J2315, in which genes encoding CepI (BCAM1870), CciI (BCAM0239a) and the BDSF synthase (BCAM0581) were inactivated, and also constructed double (ΔcepIΔBCAM0581, ΔcciIΔBCAM0581 and ΔcepIΔcciI) mutants and a triple (ΔcepIΔcciIΔBCAM0581) mutant. Subsequently we investigated phenotypic properties (antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation, production of AHL and BDSF, protease activity and virulence in Caenorhabditis elegans) and measured gene expression in these mutants, and this in the presence and absence of added BDSF, AHL or both. The triple mutant was significantly more affected in biofilm formation, antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence in C. elegans, and protease production than either the single or double mutants. The ΔBCAM0581 mutant and the ΔcepIΔBCAM0581 and ΔcciIΔBCAM0581 double mutants produced significantly less AHL compared to the WT strain and the ΔcepI and ΔcciI single mutant, respectively. The expression of cepI and cciI in ΔBCAM0581, was approximately 3-fold and 7-fold (p<0.05) lower than in the WT, respectively. The observed differences in AHL production, expression of cepI and cciI and QS-controlled phenotypes in the ΔBCAM0581 mutant could (at least partially) be restored by addition of BDSF. Our data suggest that, in B. cenocepacia J2315, AHL and BDSF-based QS systems co-regulate the same set of genes, regulate different sets of genes that are involved in the same phenotypes and/or that the BDSF system controls the AHL-based QS system. As the expression of the gene encoding the C6-HSL synthase CciI (and to a lesser extent the C8-HSL synthase CepI) is partially controlled by BDSF, it seems likely that the BDSF QS systems controls AHL production through this system.
Progressive Texture Video Streaming for Lossy Packet Networks

In this work we present an efficient video compression scheme which supports a fast bit rate adaptation independent of the encoder. The proposed scheme generates an embedded bitstream for each frame or, by appropriate multiplexing, for each group of picture. This rate-scalability is supported by an embedded bitstream which allows decoding at multiple rates, or to be more specific at virtually any rate. This video codec is successfully combined with an unequal erasure protection scheme to reduce the effects of packet losses. An optimized rate allocation scheme to trade-off source rate and redundancy is presented. Experimental results show the potential of the presented combination.
The burden experienced by family caregivers of patients with epilepsy attending the government psychiatric hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria

Background Caring for patients with chronic medical and psychiatric disorders is associated with significant burden. However little is known about the burden experience by caregivers of patients with epilepsy in Nigeria. The objective of this study, therefore, was to assess the level and correlates of burden among caregivers of patients with epilepsy. Methods It was a cross-sectional study carried out among 231 eligible caregivers of patients with epilepsy attending the psychiatric clinic of government psychiatric hospital in Kaduna, Northern Nigeria. Sociodemographic/clinical characteristics of patients and socio-demographic characteristics of caregivers were recorded, and the Zarit Burden Interview administered to caregivers to assess their experience of burden. Results The mean age of the caregivers was 43.6 ±9.5 years, 52.4% lived outside Kaduna and the mean seizure-free period for the patients was 26.4 ±36.5 weeks. One hundred and twenty (51.9%) caregivers had high burden. High burden was significantly associated with patients aged less than20 years, patient’s unemployment, long duration of epilepsy, short seizure-free period, family history of epilepsy and living outside Kaduna (p value<0.05). Conclusion Caregivers of patients with epilepsy experience significant burden while caring for their relatives and this is mainly associated with patient’s factors and location of residence. Therefore efforts should be made control seizure and make health care available and affordable to all citizens irrespective of where they live.