Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Proof of the Global Attractor Conjecture in the Single Linkage Class Case

This paper is concerned with the dynamical properties of deterministically modeled chemical reaction systems. Specifically, this paper provides a proof of the Global Attractor Conjecture in the setting where the underlying reaction diagram consists of a single linkage class, or connected component. The conjecture dates back to the early 1970s and is the most well known and important open problem in the field of chemical reaction network theory. The resolution of the conjecture has important biological and mathematical implications in both the deterministic and stochastic settings. One of our main analytical tools, which is introduced here, will be a method for partitioning the relevant monomials of the dynamical system along sequences of trajectory points into classes with comparable growths. We will use this method to conclude that if a trajectory converges to the boundary, then a whole family of Lyapunov functions decrease along the trajectory. This will allow us to overcome the fact that the usual Lyapunov functions of chemical reaction network theory are bounded on the boundary of the positive orthant, which has been the technical sticking point to a proof of the Global Attractor Conjecture in the past.
Fission yeast tropomyosin specifies directed transport of myosin-V along actin cables

Fission yeast tropomyosin targets myosin-V to actin cables by favoring processivity of the motor. Live-cell imaging is used to estimate the number of myosin-V molecules per motile particle in vivo. In vitro reconstitution demonstrates the physiological relevance of tropomyosin-based targeting of this motor.
CMSC 858 F : Algorithmic Lower Bounds Fall 2014 Approximation Hardness Instructor

Assuming P 6=NP we cannot satisfy all three goals together. Therefore we need to sacrifice at least one of the goals. If we give up on solving hard problems we can only wish for solving a very small fraction of algorithmic problems and the solutions are usually well-known methods that we learned in undergraduate courses. If we don’t want to sacrifice the correctness and we still want to solve hard problems, we should design an algorithm that does not run in polynomial time but finds the exact solution of the problem. Again, we can not completely ignore the running time, therefore we introduce the Fixed Parameter Tractable algorithms in order to find the solution in almost polynomial time. (f(x) × poly(n)). If we sacrifice the first goal, then we have an NP-hard problem and we want to solve it in polynomial time. Obviously, we cannot completely ignore the correctness of the algorithms, but we can do something in between. Thet’s where the notion of approximation algorithms shows up. Of course, in the
Facilitating efferent inhibition of inner hair cells in the cochlea of the neonatal rat

Cholinergic brainstem neurones make inhibitory synapses on outer hair cells (OHCs) in the mature mammalian cochlea and on inner hair cells (IHCs) prior to the onset of hearing. We used electrical stimulation in an excised organ of Corti preparation to examine evoked release of acetylcholine (ACh) onto neonatal IHCs from these efferent fibres. Whole‐cell voltage‐clamp recording revealed that low frequency (0.25–1 Hz) electrical stimulation produced evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) at a relatively high fraction of failures (65%) and with mean amplitudes of about −20 pA at −90 mV, corresponding to a quantum content of ∼1. Evoked IPSCs had biphasic waveforms at −60 mV, were blocked reversibly by α‐bungarotoxin and strychnine and are most likely mediated by the α9/α10 acetylcholine receptor, with subsequent activation of calcium‐dependent potassium (SK2) channels. Paired pulse stimulation with intervals of 10–100 ms caused facilitation of 200–300% in the mean IPSC amplitude. A train of 10 pulses with an interpulse interval of 25 ms produced increasingly larger IPSCs with maximum amplitudes greater than −100 pA due to facilitation and summation throughout the train. Repetitive efferent stimulation at 5 Hz or higher hyperpolarized IHCs by 5–10 mV and could completely prevent the generation of calcium action potentials normally evoked by depolarizing current injection.
Orca: A Visualization Toolkit for High-Dimensional Data

Abstract This article describes constructing interactive and dynamic linked data views using the Java programming language. The data views are designed for data that have a multivariate component. The approach to displaying data comes from earlier research on building statistical graphics based on data pipelines, in which different aspects of data processing and graphical rendering are organized conceptually into segments of a pipeline. The software design takes advantage of the object-oriented nature of the Java language to open up the data pipeline, allowing developers to have greater control over their visualization applications. Importantly, new types of data views coded to adhere to a few simple design requirements can easily be integrated with existing pipe sections. This allows access to sophisticated linking and dynamic interaction across all (new and existing) view types. Pipe segments can be accessed from data analysis packages such as Omegahat or R, providing a tight coupling of visual and numerical methods.
Measures of Analysis of Time Series (MATS): A MATLAB Toolkit for Computation of Multiple Measures on Time Series Data Bases

In many applications, such as physiology and finance, large time series data bases are to be analyzed requiring the computation of linear, nonlinear and other measures. Such measures have been developed and implemented in commercial and freeware softwares rather selectively and independently. The Measures of Analysis of Time Series (MATS) MATLAB toolkit is designed to handle an arbitrary large set of scalar time series and compute a large variety of measures on them, allowing for the specification of varying measure parameters as well. The variety of options with added facilities for visualization of the results support different settings of time series analysis, such as the detection of dynamics changes in long data records, resampling (surrogate or bootstrap) tests for independence and linearity with various test statistics, and discrimination power of different measures and for different combinations of their parameters. The basic features of MATS are presented and the implemented measures are briefly described. The usefulness of MATS is illustrated on some empirical examples along with screenshots.
A 2 . 6 GHz , 25 fs jitter mm

We demonstrate a 2.6 GHz chipthat measured phase noise better than -15 MHz offset and integrated jitter of just 25 f designed with differential out and drive differential load with a mean voltage swing mV. The phase noise at 10 kHz offset is -11 device runs at 3.3V and Idd is just over 9 buffer). Another variant is designed to ha varactor allowing tuning of 615 ppm/V ov 0.5 to 1.8 V tuning range. Here, the in degrades by 2X at 0 V Vtune and we measu at 1.5 V Vtune. Still, the integrated jitter w 100 fs. The all-silicon packaged part is desig solder down onto a PCB. There are no bon the assembly of this device. The height of th is under 0.25 mm, and the area of the die mm. The oscillator uses a Zero Drift Re FBAR and we see about +/100 ppm tem from -40C to +110oC. The design uses a architecture with the ZDR and is ac-coup amplifier. Index Terms — FBAR, BAW, freque oscillator, quartz replacement
Realtime HDR (High Dynamic Range) video for eyetap wearable computers, FPGA-based seeing aids, and glasseyes (EyeTaps)

Realtime video HDR (High Dynamic Range) is presented in the context of a seeing aid designed originally for task-specific use (e.g. electric arc welding). It can also be built into regular eyeglasses to help people see better in everyday life. Our prototype consists of an EyeTap (electric glasses) welding helmet, with a wearable computer upon which are implemented a set of image processing algorithms that implement realtime HDR (High Dynamic Range) image processing together with applications such as mediated reality, augmediatedTM, and augmented reality. The HDR video system runs in realtime and processes 120 frames per second, in groups of three frames or four frames (e.g. a set of four differently exposed images captured every thirtieth of a second). The processing method, for implementation on FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), achieves a realtime performance for creating HDR video using our novel compositing methods, and runs on a miniature self-contained battery-operated head-worn circuit board, without the need for a host computer. The result is an essentially self-contained miniaturizable hardware HDR camera system that could be built into smaller eyeglass frames, for use in various wearable computing and mediated/ aug-mediated reality applications, as well as to help people see better in their everyday lives.
Slowing the Onset of Hypoxia Increases Colony Forming Efficiency of Connective Tissue Progenitor Cells In Vitro.

BACKGROUND Survival and colony formation by transplanted tissue derived connective tissue progenitor cells (CTPs) are thought to be important factors in the success of clinical tissue engineering strategies for bone regeneration. Transplantation of cells into defects larger than a few millimeters expose cells to a profoundly hypoxic environment. This study tested the hypothesis that delaying the onset of hypoxia will improve the survival and performance of CTPs in vitro. METHODS To mimic declines seen in an avascular in vivo bone defect, colony forming efficiency by marrow derived nucleated cells was assessed under osteogenic conditions. Variation in the rate of oxygen decline from an oxygen tension of 21% to 0.1% oxygen was explored using an incubator with programmable active control of gas concentrations. The effect of doping cultures with defined concentrations of RBCs was also used to evaluate the potential for RBCs to serve as a natural buffer in the setting of declining oxygen levels. RESULTS A delay in onset of hypoxia over 96 hours resulted in a 3-fold increase in the relative colony forming efficiency (rCFE) of CTPs as compared to an immediate onset of hypoxia. The presence of RBCs in vitro inhibited the rCFE of CTPs. Given the negative effects of RBCs, methods of RBC removal were evaluated and compared for their effectiveness of RBC removal and retention of colony forming efficiency. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that conditions of hypoxia compromise colony forming efficiency in marrow derived CTPs. However, slowing the rate of decline of oxygen preserved colony forming efficiency at levels achieved in a stable normoxic (3% O2) environment. These data also suggest that RBCs are detrimental to the rCFE of CTPs and that buffy coat is an effective and preferred method for removing RBCs from marrow aspirates while preserving CTPs. These findings may inform clinical strategies for CTP transplantation.
Activation of the GLP-1 Receptor Signalling Pathway: A Relevant Strategy to Repair a Deficient Beta-Cell Mass

Recent preclinical studies in rodent models of diabetes suggest that exogenous GLP-1R agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors have the ability to increase islet mass and preserve beta-cell function, by immediate reactivation of beta-cell glucose competence, as well as enhanced beta-cell proliferation and neogenesis and promotion of beta-cell survival. These effects have tremendous implication in the treatment of T2D because they directly address one of the basic defects in T2D, that is, beta-cell failure. In human diabetes, however, evidence that the GLP-1-based drugs alter the course of beta-cell function remains to be found. Several questions surrounding the risks and benefits of GLP-1-based therapy for the diabetic beta-cell mass are discussed in this review and require further investigation.
Poor outcome after first-ever stroke.

To the Editor: The authors of this study1 have highlighted the significance of cardiac disease, particularly cardiac failure (CF) and atrial fibrillation (AF), to be an independent risk factor for stroke mortality at 1 year. AF has attracted attention for several years, but the variable of cardiac failure has only recently been reported as a significant factor. Many patients with CF would have AF as a coexistent pathology with CF and vice versa, quite often the underlying pathology being the ischemic heart disease. There is high positive correlation between AF and CF. We reported CF to be a significant variable as a risk factor for mortality for all strokes, first or recurrent and whether hemorrhagic or ischemic, the significance being higher than AF and independent of other confounding factors, ie, age, stroke syndromes, Glasgow Coma score, incontinence, pyrexia, …
The future of the Internet

The views expressed in this paper reflect solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the institutions with which he is affiliated. The Reg-Markets Center focuses on understanding and improving regulation, market performance, and government policy. The Center provides analyses of key issues aimed at improving decisions in the public, private and not-for-profit sectors. It builds on the success of the AEI-Brookings Joint Center. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors. Executive Summary In its short history, the Internet has grown at an astounding pace. Legislators have the abi argue that the economic issues raised in the network neutrality and network anage lity to dramatically affect the future of Internet growth and innovation. I argue that legislators should carefully weigh the benefits and costs of regulatory policies. I use the examples of network neutrality and network management to suggest how this might be done. I m ment debates can be effectively addressed by using antitrust authority where appropriate, allowing Internet pricing flexibility, and fostering more efficient use of spectrum to facilitate entry into the broadband market. My basic message is that government should allow firms to experiment with different business models for Internet services. Allowing such market flexibility is likely to be the best way to ensure efficient innovation on the information superhighway.
Quantum delocalization of protons in the hydrogen-bond network of an enzyme active site

Significance Because of the low mass of the proton, nuclear quantum effects can dramatically alter the properties of hydrogen-bond networks, especially when short and strong hydrogen bonds occur. Here, we combine experiments and state-of-the-art simulations that include the quantum nature of both the electrons and nuclei to show that the enzyme ketosteroid isomerase contains a hydrogen-bond network in its active site that facilitates extensive quantum proton delocalization. This leads to a 10,000-fold increase in the acidity of an active-site residue compared with the limit where the nuclei are classical particles. This work opens up new avenues for understanding the interplay between quantum effects and hydrogen bonding in biological systems containing strong hydrogen bonds. Enzymes use protein architectures to create highly specialized structural motifs that can greatly enhance the rates of complex chemical transformations. Here, we use experiments, combined with ab initio simulations that exactly include nuclear quantum effects, to show that a triad of strongly hydrogen-bonded tyrosine residues within the active site of the enzyme ketosteroid isomerase (KSI) facilitates quantum proton delocalization. This delocalization dramatically stabilizes the deprotonation of an active-site tyrosine residue, resulting in a very large isotope effect on its acidity. When an intermediate analog is docked, it is incorporated into the hydrogen-bond network, giving rise to extended quantum proton delocalization in the active site. These results shed light on the role of nuclear quantum effects in the hydrogen-bond network that stabilizes the reactive intermediate of KSI, and the behavior of protons in biological systems containing strong hydrogen bonds.
Comparison between Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Single Phase Seven Level Cascade H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter with PWM Topology

In this paper, a different configuration based on different DC bus voltage for a cascade H-Bridge multilevel inverter has been presented. Two different symmetrical and asymmetrical arrangements of a seven-level cascade H-Bridge inverters have been compared, in order to find an optimum arrangement with lower switching losses and optimized output voltage quality. The optimized asymmetrical arrangement has been compared with a conventional seven-level inverter. The comparison results show that an asymmetrical configuration can obtain more voltage levels in output voltage with same number of component compared with the conventional seven-level inverter and this will lead to the reduction of harmonic content of output voltage. A predictive current control technique has been carried out to verify the viability of new configuration. The advantages of this control method are simplicity and applicability for n-level multilevel inverters, without a significant change in the control circuit.
Multi-stage Scheduling with Scalable Resources for Automated Deployment in Platform as a Service Cloud

With the automated deployment services of PaaS (Platform as a Service) cloud, developers can focus only on application code, without concern for the application lifecycle management. The large proportion of the workload of PaaS system comes from the application deployment jobs. In the paper, an application deployment job is modeled as a two-stage flow shop type job with the deadline constraint. We explore the deadline-constraint hybrid flow shop problem for the automated deployment in PaaS Cloud. The scalability of virtual machines are also considered for solving the problem. The objective is to decide the number of scaled-out virtual machines for each stage, and sequence jobs on machines so as to finish jobs before their respective deadlines and minimize the total expenses. Two heuristics are proposed for the considered problem. Computational results show that the proposed algorithms performs well on both effectiveness and efficiency.
Investigating visual analogies for visual insight problems

Much research has focused on the impact of analogies in insight problem solving, but less work has investigated how the visual analogies for insight are actually constructed. Thus, it appears that in the search for their facilitative impact on the incubation effect, the understanding of what makes good visual analogies has somehow been lost. This paper presents preliminary work of constructing a set of 6 visual analogies and evaluating their impact on solving the visual problem of eight coins. Findings suggest that in visual analogies, the insight cues are the most beneficial ones, especially when integrated, and that depth cues are important surface aspects in facilitating incubation effect. Our findings support the facilitative cue theory and replicate previous outcomes on the importance of impasse experience as a prerequisite for analogical transfer.
Non‐stationary Cross‐Covariance Models for Multivariate Processes on a Globe

Abstract. In geophysical and environmental problems, it is common to have multiple variables of interest measured at the same location and time. These multiple variables typically have dependence over space (and/or time). As a consequence, there is a growing interest in developing models for multivariate spatial processes, in particular, the cross‐covariance models. On the other hand, many data sets these days cover a large portion of the Earth such as satellite data, which require valid covariance models on a globe. We present a class of parametric covariance models for multivariate processes on a globe. The covariance models are flexible in capturing non‐stationarity in the data yet computationally feasible and require moderate numbers of parameters. We apply our covariance model to surface temperature and precipitation data from an NCAR climate model output. We compare our model to the multivariate version of the Matérn cross‐covariance function and models based on coregionalization and demonstrate the superior performance of our model in terms of AIC (and/or maximum loglikelihood values) and predictive skill. We also present some challenges in modelling the cross‐covariance structure of the temperature and precipitation data. Based on the fitted results using full data, we give the estimated cross‐correlation structure between the two variables.
A non-asymptotic standardization of binomial counts in Higher Criticism

In the “Higher Criticism” framework for multiple hypothesis testing, the binomial counts of the empirical CDF of the P-values are standardized through Z-scores. In the asymptotic regime, the distribution of these standardized counts tends to be a standard Gaussian. In the non-asymptotic regime, these distributions depart from normality and generally differ from each other. As a result, comparable values of Z-scores obtained for different P-values reflect in fact different evidence against the joint null hypothesis. We show that such evidence can be computed in closed-form for finite sample size, resulting in an alternate standardization which leads to identically distributed and thus more comparable statistics. Numerical results illustrate some merits of the alternate standardization.
Real Time Sound Processing on Android

The introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the ubiquity of mobile devices has generated interest in leveraging smartphones for deploying and running sophisticated mobile sound applications. Modern smartphones have good connectivity, a significant amount of processing, and are always with us, making them an ideal candidate for envisioned applications. Many such applications have stringent latency requirements and in some cases, special I/O capabilities. One example is a class of real-time audio applications that require the ability to overlay sounds of different frequencies for joint playback. Currently, Android is unable to provide such tight timing requirement due to the design decisions for the underlying platform. In this paper, we present a new architecture for scheduling and managing sound playback that supports overlays. We show that our prototype has competitive performance and significantly reduces latency spikes compared to stock Android. We evaluate our system on both micro benchmarks as well as sound applications including a wind farm monitoring application that leverages sound to detect micro fractures and a multiphase surround sound playback application that leverages sound overlays to coordinate between multiple devices.
Efficient 3GPP Authentication and Key Agreement with Robust User Privacy Protection

Zhang et al. (2005) proposed an authentication key agreement protocol for 3GPP-AKA protocol. They claim that their protocol can withstand the redirection attack, the attack in corrupted networks, and can solve the operational difficulty with the sequence numbers problem. In wireless communications, identity privacy is an important security issue we concern. There are two abnormal cases that a mobile station (MS) must send its real identity to a visited location register (VLR) when authenticating at location updating. One is that VLR can not verify EVISI of MS and the other is that VLR can not reach the previously visited VLR. We can find out that the identity of the user are exposed when the adversary carries out the location privacy attack at location updating. For preventing the location privacy attack, users' identities must be protected for 3GPP-AKA protocol. However, we point out that Zhang et al.'s improved 3GPP-AKA protocol is vulnerable to the location privacy attack, having higher space overhead on VLR, and having higher bandwidth consumption between HLR and VLR. In this paper, we propose an efficient authenticated key agreement scheme for 3GPP-AKA to overcome all the drawbacks of Zhang et al.'s scheme.