Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Model Predictive Direct Torque Control for PMSM with Discrete Voltage Vectors

The direct torque control (DTC) of ac motors leads to a faster torque response with a small number of switching operations in inverters when compared with a conventional approach such as vector control. DTC exhibits a hybrid nature in the sense that the system is composed of continuous variables of torque and flux and involves discrete switching in the inverter. The output of the inverter is limited to the finite discrete values at each instance of sampling. Model predictive control (MPC) is applied to the system so that an optimal switching sequence is derived subject to the given constraints. The proposed MPC-based approach reduces the torque ripple with a small number of switching operations. The effectiveness of the proposed MPDTC approach is verified through simulations and experiments by comparing the proposed approach with conventional DTC.
Prediction of Sound Generated by Complex Flows at Low Mach Numbers

We present a computational aeroacoustics method to evaluate sound generated by low Mach number flows in complex configurations in which turbulence interacts with arbitrarily shaped solid objects. This hybrid approach is based on Lighthill's acoustic analogy in conjunction with sound source information from an incompressible calculation. In this method, Lighthill's equation is solved using a boundary element method that allows the effect of scattered sound from arbitrarily shaped solid objects to be incorporated. We present validation studies for sound generated by laminar and turbulent flows over a circular cylinder at Re = 100 and 10,000, respectively. Our hybrid approach is validated against directly computed sound using a high-order compressible flow solver as well as the solution of the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings equation in conjunction with compressible sound sources. We demonstrate that the sound predicted by a second-order hybrid approach is as accurate as sound directly computed by a sixth-order compressible flow solver in the frequency range in which low-order numerics can accurately resolve the flow structures. As an example of an engineering problem, we calculated the sound generated by flow over an automobile side-view mirror and compared it to experimental measurements.
K‐Sample Test and Sample Size Calculation for Comparing Slopes in Data with Repeated Measurements

Sample size calculations based on two‐sample comparisons of slopes in repeated measurements have been reported by many investigators. In contrast, the literature has paid relatively little attention to the design and analysis of K‐sample trials in repeated measurements studies where K is 3 or greater. Jung and Ahn (2003) derived a closed sample size formula for two‐sample comparisons of slopes by taking into account the impact of missing data. We extend their method to compare K‐sample slopes in repeated measurement studies using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach based on independent working correlation structure. We investigate the performance of the sample size formula since the sample size formula is based on asymptotic theory. The proposed sample size formula is illustrated using a clinical trial example. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Measurements of the sampling impulse force at mechanical spectrometer

We present an optical method for a measurement of the sampling impulse force at mechanical spectrometer and first experimental results are briefly reported. This method is based on a diffraction pattern [2,4] observation using fotodetector connected to computer. A photodiode located at the central fringe records variation in the light intensity.
Experimental Test of Bell's Inequalities Using Time- Varying Analyzers

Correlations of linear polarizations of pairs of photons have been measured with time-varying analyzers. The analyzer in each leg of the apparatus is an acousto-optical switch followed by two linear polarizers. The switches operate at incommensurate frequencies near 50 MHz. Each analyzer amounts to a polarizer which jumps between two orientations in a time short compared with the photon transit time. The results are in good agreement with quantum mechanical predictions but violate Bell's inequalities by 5 standard deviations.
Towards model-based recognition of human movements in image sequences

Abstract The interpretation of the movements of articulated bodies in image sequences is one of the most challenging problems in computer vision. In this contribution, we introduce a model-based approach for the recognition of pedestrians. We represent the human body by a 3D-model consisting of cylinders, whereas for modelling the movement of walking we use data from medical motion studies. The estimation of model parameters in consecutive images is done by applying a Kalman filter. Experimental results are shown for synthetic as well as for real image data.
A Model for Mental Health Needs and Resourcing in Small Geographic Areas: A Multivariate Spatial Perspective

This paper considers how small area variations in a set of psychiatric referral outcomes in a London health authority of 750,000 people may inform health need assessment and health resourcing for mental illness based on true need. As well as adopting a multivariate perspective, the spatial interdependence of the outcomes is included in the modelling approach outlined. By contrast, existing studies on mental health need tend to focus on single outcomes, and may not include spatial dependence. The analysis relates to three hospital referral outcomes for psychiatric conditions, and to total community mental health referrals across sixty-seven electoral wards in East London.
Orbital Migration of Protoplanets in a Marginally Gravitationally Unstable Disk. II. Migration, Merging, and Ejection

Protoplanets formed in a marginally gravitationally unstable (MGU) disk by either core accretion or disk instability will be subject to dynamical interactions with massive spiral arms, possibly resulting in inward or outward orbital migration, mergers with each other, or even outright ejection from the protoplanetary system. The latter process has been hypothesized as a possible formation scenario for the unexpectedly high frequency of unbound gas giant exoplanets (free floating planets, FFPs). Previous calculations with the EDTONS fixed grid three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamics code found that protoplanets with masses from 0.01 M ⊕ to 3 M Jup could undergo chaotic orbital evolutions in MGU disks for ∼1000 yr without undergoing monotonic inward or outward migration. Here the Enzo 2.5 adaptive mesh refinement 3D hydrodynamics code is used to follow the formation and orbital evolution of protoplanets in MGU disks for up to 2000 yr. The Enzo results confirm the basic disk fragmentation results of the EDTONS code, as well as the absence of monotonic inward or outward orbital migration. In addition, Enzo allows protoplanet mergers to occur, unlike EDTONS, resulting in a significant decrease in the number of protoplanets that survive for 1000–2000 yr in the Enzo models. These models also imply that gas giants should be ejected frequently in MGU disks that fragment into large numbers of protoplanets, supporting ejection as a possible source mechanism for the observed FFPs.
Theoretical Models of Thermoluminescence and Their Relevance in Experimental Work

TL glow peaks are computed for different models by varying the input parameters. The physical models considered consist of (1) one trap and one recombination centre (RC), (2) multi-trap non-interactive and (3) multi-trap interactive schemes. The characteristics of these glow peaks are discussed in the perspective of the experimental glow curve properties, namely the effect of dose on temperature of glow peak maximum, on shape of the glow curve and supralinearity of response. The results obtained lead to the following conclusions: (1) The glow peak properties of the one trap one RC system, the multi-trap non-interactive system and the so-called general order (GO) do not generally tally with those observed in experimental samples. (2) The multi-trap interactive scheme is capable of producing glow peaks whose characteristics match with the experimental properties.
Rapid Joint Detection and Classification with Wavelet Bases via Bayes Theorem

The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is currently being used for seismic-event detection and classification in the New England region. The DWT forms a new basis set for picking out, from a data stream, important features of a seismic event: time, energy, and predominant period of the first, peak, and last waveforms. Classification of these events from their features into one of the following classes, teleseisms, regional earthquakes, near earthquakes, quarry blasts, and false triggers, is accomplished with conditional class densities derived from training data. This algorithm is tested for detection and classification performance on the New England Seismic Network (NESN) of Weston Observatory of Boston College. This detection algorithm exhibits a likelihood of detection two times greater than STA/LTA under typical wideband network constraints in arbitrary conditions at NESN stations. Classification of seismic events via this method achieves an approximately 70% correct identification rate relative to a human viewer over a broad range of data test sets.
Stability of large-scale nonlinear systems--Quadratic-order theory of composite-system method using M-matrices

The composite-system method for analyzing stability of large-scale system is studied focusing on the quadratic-order theorems using M -matrices. Here, by the term "composite-system method", we refer to the method to decompose a large-scale system into smaller subsystems and to make two-step analysis (i.e., first to analyze subsystems and second to combine the results to reduce the property of the whole). Theories about Lyapunov stability and about input-output stability are described from a unified standpoint and their mutual relation is clarified. As an application, multi-input multi-output systems. The contents are generally useful for stability analysis of large-scale nonlinear systems.
Informed Decision-Making and Capabilities in Population-based Cancer Screening

Abstract Informed decision-making (IDM) is considered an important ethical and legal requirement for population-based screening. Governments offering such screening have a duty to enable invitees to make informed decisions regarding participation. Various views exist on how to define and measure IDM in different screening programmes. In this paper we first address the question which components should be part of IDM in the context of cancer screening. Departing from two diverging interpretations of the value of autonomy—as a right and as an ideal—we describe how this value is operationalized in the practice of informed consent in medicine and translate this to IDM in population-based cancer screening. Next, we specify components of IDM, which is voluntariness and the requirements of disclosure and understanding. We argue that whereas disclosure should contain all information considered relevant in order to enable authentic IDM, understanding of basic information is sufficient for a valid IDM. In the second part of the paper we apply the capability approach in order to argue for the responsibility of the government to warrant equal and real opportunities for invitees for IDM. We argue that additional conditions beyond mere provision of information are needed in order to do so.
Educational material production and validity: educational instrument for home care for premature newborns

ABSTRACT Objective: to produce and validate a booklet, based on Jean Watson’s Theory, on home care for premature newborns, based on caregivers’ experiences. Method: a methodological study, developed in the following stages: diagnosis of knowledge needs about home care; survey of scientific content; educational material production; and validity by judges/experts. Results: the literature review resulted in 19 articles. The main themes (breastfeeding, bath care, bond building, infection prevention and support network) were listed for producing the booklet “Booklet for Premature Newborns: Demystifying Home Care”. The booklet content and appearance received the overall Content Validity Index of 0.85, considered suitable within the scientific rigor of validity. Final considerations: the booklet produced and validated is an educational material whose main role is to provide knowledge and awaken caregivers’ autonomy in providing home care to newborns.
A Robust Feature Points Matching Algorithm in 3D Optical Measuring System

In optical measuring system with a handheld digital camera, image points matching is very important for 3-dimensional(3D) reconstruction. The traditional matching algorithms are usually based on epipolar geometry or multi-base lines. Mistaken matching points can not be eliminated by epipolar geometry and many matching points will be lost by multi-base lines. In this paper, a robust algorithm is presented to eliminate mistaken matching feature points in the process of 3D reconstruction from multiple images. The algorithm include three steps: (1) pre-matching the feature points using constraints of epipolar geometry and image topological structure firstly; (2) eliminating the mistaken matching points by the principle of triangulation in multi-images; (3) refining camera external parameters by bundle adjustment. After the external parameters of every image refined, repeat step (1) to step (3) until all the feature points been matched. Comparative experiments with real image data have shown that mistaken matching feature points can be effectively eliminated, and nearly no matching points have been lost, which have a better performance than traditonal matching algorithms do.
CHAOTIC DYNAMICS OF REPEATED IMPACTS IN VIBRATORY BOWL FEEDERS

The vibratory bowl feeder is widely used to convey small engineering parts, and can be considered as a typical non-linear dynamic system experiencing repeated impacts with friction. This paper presents a simplified model and analysis for the dynamic behavior of a single part on the vibrating track of the bowl feeder. While the previous studies are restricted to the sliding regime, the presented analysis is focused on the hopping regime where the high conveying rate is available. The periodic and chaotic regions in the hopping regime are identified through numerical simulation and experimental analysis. It is verified experimentally that the conveying rate in the chaotic region is roughly independent of variations of external parameters. The dynamic effects from the variation of several physical parameters are examined and the important features for the effective design of the vibratory feeder are presented. This research holds much potential for leverage over design problems of a wide range of mechanisms and tools with repeated collisions.
Highly sensitive real-time detection of DNA hybridization by using nanoporous waveguide fluorescence spectroscopy

In this Letter, we report highly sensitive fluorescence spectroscopy using a nanoporous waveguide (NPWG) comprising a porous anodic alumina (PAA) layer and an Al layer. Simulations show that the TE0 waveguide mode excited in the PAA layer produces an electromagnetic field whose intensity is 40-fold higher than that of the incident light, and which yields enhanced intensity when used to excite fluorophores. We demonstrate the sensing ability of the NPWG by incorporating it into a fluorescent sensor to monitor duplex DNA formation in real-time, with a detection limit as low as 20 pM.
Colony‐stimulating factor 1 positive (CSF1+) secretory epithelial cells induce excessive trophoblast invasion in tubal pregnancy rupture

Tubal ectopic pregnancy (TEP) occurs when an embryo aberrantly implants in the fallopian tube, leading to abortive or ruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy (AEP or REP). Poor outcomes of REP include maternal infertility or mortality. Current studies on the prevention and treatment of ruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy (REP) are unfortunately hampered by a lack of the cell spectrum and cell–cell communications in the maternal–foetal interface. Here, we investigate the mechanisms of tubal rupture through single‐cell transcriptome profiling of the fallopian tube‐trophoblast interface in REP, AEP and intrauterine pregnancy patients. In REP, extravillous trophoblast (EVTs) cells form a dominant cell population, displaying aggressive invasion and proliferation, with robust differentiation into three subsets. Cell communication analysis identified colony‐stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), overexpressed by fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells in REP, with CSF1R on EVTs and macrophages, as a ligand/receptor pair that stimulates EVT invasion and macrophage accumulation. CSF1+ secretory epithelial cells stimulate EVTs migration and invasion, leading to a tubal rupture in REP. These results provide a mechanistic context and cellular milieu leading to tubal rupture, facilitating further study and development of therapeutics for REP in early pregnancy.
Targeting viral proteins for restraining SARS-CoV-2: focusing lens on viral proteins beyond spike for discovering new drug targets

ABSTRACT Introduction Emergence of highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 variants are reducing protection provided by current vaccines, requiring constant updates in antiviral approaches. The virus encodes four structural and sixteen nonstructural proteins which play important roles in viral genome replication and transcription, virion assembly, release , entry into cells, and compromising host cellular defenses. As alien proteins to host cells, many viral proteins represent potential targets for combating the SARS-CoV-2. Areas covered Based on literature from PubMed and Web of Science databases, the authors summarize the typical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 from the whole viral particle to the individual viral proteins and their corresponding functions in virus life cycle. The authors also discuss the potential and emerging targeted interventions to curb virus replication and spread in detail to provide unique insights into SARS-CoV-2 infection and countermeasures against it. Expert opinion Our comprehensive analysis highlights the rationale to focus on non-spike viral proteins that are less mutated but have important functions. Examples of this include: structural proteins (e.g. nucleocapsid protein, envelope protein) and extensively-concerned nonstructural proteins (e.g. NSP3, NSP5, NSP12) along with the ones with relatively less attention (e.g. NSP1, NSP10, NSP14 and NSP16), for developing novel drugs to overcome resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants to preexisting vaccines and antibody-based treatments.
Underestimation of the number of hidden objects

The perceptual representation of our environment does not only involve what we actually can see, but also inferences about what is hidden from our sight. For example, in amodal completion, simple contours or surfaces are filled-in behind occluding objects allowing for a complete representation. This is important for many everyday tasks, such as visual search, foraging, and object handling. Although there is support for completion of simple patterns from behavioral and neurophysiological studies, it is unclear if these mechanisms extend to complex, irregular patterns. Here, we show that the number of hidden objects on partially occluded surfaces is underestimated. Observers did not consider accurately the number of visible objects and the proportion of occlusion to infer the number of hidden objects, although these quantities were perceived accurately and reliably. However, visible objects were not simply ignored: estimations of hidden objects increased when the visible objects formed a line across the occluder and decreased when the visible objects formed a line outside of the occluder. Confidence ratings for numerosity estimation were similar for fully visible and partially occluded surfaces. These results suggest that perceptual inferences about what is hidden in our environment can be very inaccurate und underestimate the complexity of the environment.
High Interobserver Agreement on PSMA PET/CT Even in the Absence of Clinical Data

Background Recommended by current guidelines, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)–directed PET/CT is increasingly used in men with prostate cancer (PC). We aimed to provide concordance rates using the PSMA reporting and data system (RADS) for scan interpretation and also determine whether such agreement rates are affected by available patient characteristics at time of scan. Patients and Methods Sixty men with PC, who all underwent 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, were included. Three independent, experienced readers indicated general scan parameters (including overall scan result, organ or lymph node [LN] involvement, and appropriateness of radioligand therapy). Applying PSMA-RADS 1.0, observers also had to conduct RADS scoring on a target lesion (TL) and overall scan level. During the first read, observers were masked to all relevant clinical information, whereas on a second read, relevant patient characteristics were displayed, thereby allowing for determination of impact of available clinical information for scan interpretation. We used intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs; with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]), which were then rated according to Cicchetti (0.4–0.59 fair, 0.6–0.74 good, and 0.75–1 excellent agreement). Results For general parameters, agreement rates were excellent, including an overall scan result (ICC, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76–0.90), LN metastases (ICC, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83–0.93), organ involvement (ICC, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72–0.89), and indication for radioligand therapy (ICC, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90–0.96). Overall RADS scoring was also excellent with an ICC of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.96–09.4). On a TL-based level, 251 different lesions were selected by the 3 observers (with 73 chosen by all 3 readers). RADS-based concordance rates were fair to excellent: all lesions, ICC of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.67–0.85); LN, ICC of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.63–0.92); skeleton, ICC of 0.55 (95% CI, 0–0.84); and prostate, ICC of 0.48 (95% CI, 0.17–0.78). When performing a second read displaying patient’s characteristics, there were only minor modifications to the previously applied RADS scoring on a TL-based level (overall, n = 8): each reader 1 and 2 in 3/60 (5%) instances, and reader 3 in 2/60 (3.3%) instances. The main reason for recategorization (mainly upstaging) was provided information on PSA levels (4/8, 50%). Conclusions Applying PSMA-RADS, concordance rates were fair to excellent, whereas relevant modifications were rarely observed after providing clinical data. As such, even in the absence of patient information, standardized frameworks still provide guidance for reading PSMA PETs. Those findings may have implications for a high throughput in a busy PET practice, where patient details cannot always be retrieved at time of scan interpretation or in the context of clinical trials or central reviews in which readers may be blinded to clinical data.
Sketch based and context sensitive coding of Laplacian pyramids

An improvement in pyramidal coding is described which goes beyond first-order statistics by exploiting structural redundancies within Laplacian pyramids. Their three-dimensional structures are described with a novel sketch pyramid, which is used in a new context-sensitive method for coding Laplacian pyramids. This approach is enhanced by using the Gaussian function as the generating kernel, and the sinc function for the expansion filter. The compression ratios obtained from pyramidal coding are improved by a factor ranging from around 2.5 to 4, depending on scene complexity. Example results are given. <<ETX>>