Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mining alpha/beta concepts as relevant bi-sets from transactional data

We are designing new data mining techniques on boolean contexts to identify a priori interesting bi-sets (i.e., sets of objects or transactions associated to sets of attributes or items). A typical impor- tant case concerns formal concept mining (i.e., maximal rectangles of true values or associated closed sets by means of the so-called Galois connec- tion). It has been applied with some success to, e.g., gene expression data analysis where objects denote biological situations and attributes denote gene expression properties. However in such real-life application domains, it turns out that the Galois association is a too strong one when considering intrinsically noisy data. It is clear that strong associations that would however accept a bounded number of exceptions would be extremely useful. We study the new pattern domain of fi=fl concepts, i.e., consistent maximal bi-sets with less than fi false values per row and less than fl false values per column. We provide a complete algorithm that computes all the fi=fl concepts based on the generation of concept unions pruned thanks to anti-monotonic constraints. An experimental validation on synthetic data is given. It illustrates that more relevant associations can be discovered in noisy data. We also discuss a practical application in molecular biology that illustrates an incomplete but quite useful extraction when all the concepts that are needed beforehand can not be discovered.
Patterns of Developmental Dyscalculia With or Without Dyslexia

This study has been conducted in order to investigate the extent to which some characteristics of dyscalculia may be common to dyslexia. Seven multiple single-cases were studied: two children with dyslexia only, two with dyscalculia only, and three more children with comorbidity of dyslexia and dyscalculia. Each participant was assessed with a standardized comprehensive battery of arithmetical, reading, and cognitive tests. We observed that a clinical impairment in mental and written calculations, arithmetical facts retrieval, number comparison, number alignment, and identification of arithmetical signs may appear with a normal reading capacity and independently of a short-term verbal memory deficit. These findings add convergent support to the evidence mainly obtained from group comparisons that the more distinctive characteristics of dyscalculia are functionally independent of dyslexia.
Zn2+ Induces Permeability Transition Pore Opening and Release of Pro-apoptotic Peptides from Neuronal Mitochondria*

Rapid entry of Ca2+ or Zn2+ kills neurons. Mitochondria are major sites of Ca2+-dependent toxicity. This study examines Zn2+-initiated mitochondrial cell death signaling. 10 nm Zn2+ induced acute swelling of isolated mitochondria, which was much greater than that induced by higher Ca2+ levels. Zn2+ entry into mitochondria was dependent upon the Ca2+ uniporter, and the consequent swelling resulted from opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Confocal imaging of intact neurons revealed entry of Zn2+ (with Ca2+) to cause pronounced mitochondrial swelling, which was far greater than that induced by Ca2+ entry alone. Further experiments compared the abilities of Zn2+ and Ca2+ to induce mitochondrial release of cytochrome c (Cyt-c) or apoptosis-inducing factor. In isolated mitochondria, 10 nm Zn2+ exposures induced Cyt-crelease. Induction of Zn2+ entry into cortical neurons resulted in distinct increases in cytosolic Cyt-cimmunolabeling and in cytosolic and nuclear apoptosis-inducing factor labeling within 60 min. In comparison, higher absolute [Ca2+] i rises were less effective in inducing release of these factors. Addition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitors cyclosporin A and bongkrekic acid decreased Zn2+-dependent release of the factors and attenuated neuronal cell death as assessed by trypan blue staining 5–6 h after the exposures.
NTNU: An Unsupervised Knowledge Approach for Taxonomy Extraction

Taxonomy structures are important tools in the science of classification of things or concepts, including the principles that underlie such classification. This paper presents an approach to the problem of taxonomy construction from texts focusing on the hyponym-hypernym relation between two terms. Given a set of terms in a particular domain, the approach in this study uses Wikipedia and WordNet as knowledge sources and applies the information extraction methods to analyze and establish the hyponym-hypernym relationship between two terms. Our system is ranked fourth among the participating systems in SemEval-2015 task 17.
Ultra scale‐down prediction using microwell technology of the industrial scale clarification characteristics by centrifugation of mammalian cell broths

This article describes how a combination of an ultra scale‐down (USD) shear device feeding a microwell centrifugation plate may be used to provide a prediction of how mammalian cell broth will clarify at scale. In particular a method is described that is inherently adaptable to a robotic platform and may be used to predict how the flow rate and capacity (equivalent settling area) of a centrifuge and the choice of feed zone configuration may affect the solids carry over in the supernatant. This is an important consideration as the extent of solids carry over will determine the required size and lifetime of a subsequent filtration stage or the passage of fine particulates and colloidal material affecting the performance and lifetime of chromatography stages. The extent of solids removal observed in individual wells of a microwell plate during centrifugation is shown to correlate with the vertical and horizontal location of the well on the plate. Geometric adjustments to the evaluation of the equivalent settling area of individual wells (ΣM) results in an improved prediction of solids removal as a function of centrifuge capacity. The USD centrifuge settling characteristics need to be as for a range of equivalent flow rates as may be experienced at an industrial scale for a machine of different shear characteristics in the entry feed zone. This was shown to be achievable with two microwell‐plate based measurements and the use of varying fill volumes in the microwells to allow the rapid study of a fivefold range of equivalent flow rates (i.e., at full scale for a particular industrial centrifuge) and the effect of a range of feed configurations. The microwell based USD method was used to examine the recovery of CHO‐S cells, prepared in a 5 L reactor, at different points of growth and for different levels of exposure to shear post reactor. The combination of particle size distribution measurements of the cells before and after shear and the effect of shear on the solids remaining after centrifugation rate provide insight into the state of the cells throughout the fermentation and the ease with which they and accumulated debris may be removed by continuous centrifugation. Hence bioprocess data are more readily available to help better integrate cell culture and cell removal stages and resolve key bioprocess design issues such as choice of time of harvesting and the impact on product yield and contaminant carry over. Operation at microwell scale allows data acquisition and bioprocess understanding over a wide range of operating conditions that might not normally be achieved during bioprocess development. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 321–331 © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Optimal Route and Stops for a Group of Users in a Road Network

The rise of innovative transportation services and the recent breakthrough in the development of autonomous vehicles have stimulated the research on collective travel planning problems such as ride-sharing, carpooling, and on-demand vehicle routing in recent years. In this paper, we introduce several optimization problems to recommend a suitable route and stops of a vehicle, in a road network, for a group of users intending to travel collectively. The goal of each problem is to minimize the aggregate cost of the individual travelers' paths and the shared route under various constraints. First, we introduce the optimal end-stops (OES) query that finds a pair of pick-up-and-drop-off locations such that the sum of the distance between these locations and the total distance traveled by the travelers from their start locations to the pick-up location and from the drop-off location to their end locations is minimized. We propose a polynomial-time fast algorithm for the OES query by utilizing the path-coherence property of road networks. Second, we formulate the optimal route and intermediate stops (ORIS) query to find a set of intermediate stops for the vehicle such that the sum of the total distance traveled by the vehicle and the total distance traveled by the travelers from their start locations to one of the stops and to their end locations from one of the stops is minimized. We propose a novel near-optimal polynomial-time-and-space heuristic algorithm for the ORIS query that performs reasonably well in practice. We also analyze several variants of this problem. Finally, we perform extensive experiments to demonstrate the efficiency and efficacy of our algorithms.
Structural brain imaging in patients with cognitive impairment in the year 2015

Cognitive impairment, especially in its early stages, is associated with very mild signs and symptoms that are difficult to detect by clinical and neuropsychological assessment. Advanced imaging analysis techniques applied to magnetic resonance images allow the detection of cerebral structural changes in vivo in mildly affected patients, and might be a useful supporting tool in the early diagnosis and treatment of patients with cognitive impairment. The increasing importance of computer science in cognitive neuroscience has led to the dissemination of a new discipline, neuroinformatics, which is crucial for the introduction of research findings into clinical practice. This review describes some advanced imaging analysis techniques aimed at studying brain structural images and how these techniques might benefit clinical practice through image data sharing and remote analysis in order to increase the accuracy of diagnosis in patients with cognitive impairment.
A Hybrid Non-Volatile Cache Design for Solid-State Drives Using Comprehensive I/O Characterization

The emergence of new memory technologies provides us with opportunity to enhance the properties of existing memory architectures. One such technology is Phase Change Memory (PCM) which boasts superior scalability, power savings, non-volatility, and a performance competitive to Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM). In this paper, we propose a write buffer architecture for Solid-State Drives (SSDs) which attempts to exploit PCM as a DRAM alternative while alleviating its issues such as long write latency, high write energy, and finite endurance. To this end and based on thorough I/O characterization of desktop and enterprise applications, we propose a hybrid DRAM-PCM SSD cache design with an intelligent data movement scheme. This architecture manages to improve energy efficiency while enhancing performance and endurance. To study the design trade-offs between energy, performance, and endurance, we augmented Microsoft's DiskSim SSD model with a detailed hybrid cache using PCM and DRAM parameters from a rigorous survey of device prototypes. We study the design choices of implementing different PCM and DRAM arrays to achieve the best trade-off between energy and performance. The results display up to 77 percent power savings compared to a DRAM cache and up to percent reduction in request response time for a variety of workloads, while greatly improving disk endurance.
Contour integration and aging: the effects of element spacing, orientation alignment and stimulus duration

The ability to extract contours in cluttered visual scenes, which is a crucial step in visual processing, declines with healthy aging, but the reasons for this decline are not well understood. In three experiments, we examined how the effect of aging on contour discrimination varies as a function of contour and distracter inter-element spacing, collinearity, and stimulus duration. Spiral-shaped contours composed of Gabors were embedded within a field of distracter Gabors of uniform density. In a four alternative forced-choice task, younger and older subjects were required to report the global orientation of the contour. In Experiment 1, the absolute contour element spacing varied from two to eight times the Gabor wavelength and contour element collinearity was disrupted with five levels of orientation jitter. Contour discrimination accuracy was lower in older subjects, but the effect of aging did not vary with contour spacing or orientation jitter. Experiment 2 found that decreasing stimulus durations from 0.8 to 0.04 s had a greater effect on older subjects' performance, but only for less salient contours. Experiment 3 examined the effect of the background on contour discrimination by varying the spacing and orientation of the distracter elements for contours with small and large absolute spacing. As in Experiment, the effect of aging did not vary with absolute contour spacing. Decreasing the distracter spacing, however, had a greater detrimental effect on accuracy in older subjects compared to younger subjects. Finally, both groups showed equally high accuracy when all distracters were iso-oriented. In sum, these findings suggest that aging does not affect the sensitivity of contour integration to proximity or collinearity. However, contour integration in older adults is slower and is especially vulnerable when distracters are denser than contour elements.
Restructuring workplace cultures: the ultimate work‐family challenge?

Work‐life polices and practices have the potential to enhance opportunities for women in the workplace (and opportunities for men to be more involved in family life), but are often undermined by workplace culture. Presents a case study of an organisation which is addressing issues of workplace culture in relation to work‐life policies and gender equality. Despite achieving substantial change in practice and in shared assumptions, a new set of issues have emerged which will require innovative solutions.
Strengthening the Referral System through Social Capital: A Qualitative Inquiry in Ghana

The referral system in health care has been noted as very influential in determining which services are accessed and when. Nonetheless, existing studies have relied on specific measurable factors relating to health personnel, transportation and communication infrastructure, and finance to explain the challenges facing the referral policy in developing countries. While this is understandable, the role of social capital remains mostly uncharted even though it is implicit in the well-known lay referral system. Using various facets of the social capital concept, this paper empirically examines how the resources embedded in both structural and cognitive aspects of social relationships influence knowledge of, and adherence to, referral policy. This study is based on semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with 79 adults in the Ashanti Region of Ghana in 2015. Of the 79 participants, 28 lived in urban areas and 51 in rural localities. Eight health personnel and eight community leaders also contributed to the study. Additionally, six focus group discussions were held. The findings indicated that both cognitive and structural forms of social capital considerably underpinned the ability and willingness of people to adhere to the referral process. Moreover, the role of social capital was double-barrelled. It contributed in a significant way to encouraging or dissuading potential patients from rightly embracing the policy. In addition, precepts of social capital reinforced both positive and adverse effects of the other determinants of the policy such as finance and transportation. However, the magnitude of such impact was linked to how ‘resourceful’ and ‘trustworthy’ one’s available social acquaintances were. The paper suggests that a cautious engagement with social capital will make it a potentially powerful tool for understanding the gaps in and improving the effectiveness of referral policy.
Grid Integration of Intermittent Wind Generation: A Markovian Approach

Although the unique characteristics of intermittent wind generation have been acknowledged and drastic impacts of sudden wind drops have been experienced, no effective integration approach has been developed. In this paper, without considering transmission capacity constraints for simplicity, aggregated wind generation is modeled as a discrete Markov process with state transition matrices established based on historical data. Wind generation is then integrated into system demand with multiple net demand levels at each hour. To accommodate the uncertain net demand, a stochastic unit commitment problem is formulated based on states instead of scenarios. The objective is to minimize the total commitment cost of conventional generators and their total expected dispatch cost while satisfying all possible net demand levels. The advantage of this formulation is that the state at a time instant summarizes the information of all previous instants in a probabilistic sense for reduced complexity. With state transition probabilities given, state probabilities calculated before optimization, and the objective function and constraints formulated in a linear manner, the problem is effectively solved by using branch-and-cut. Numerical testing shows that the new Markovian approach is effective and robust through the examined cases, resembling the sudden wind drop in Texas in February 2008.
Severe New Limits on the Host Galaxies of Gamma-Ray Bursts

The nature of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) remains a complete mystery, despite the recent breakthrough discovery of low-energy counterparts, although it is now generally believed that at least most GRBs are at cosmological distances. Virtually all proposed cosmological models require bursters to reside in ordinary galaxies. This can be tested by looking inside the smallest GRB error boxes to see if ordinary galaxies appear at the expected brightness levels. This Letter reports on an analysis of the contents of 26 of the smallest regions, many of which are from the brightest bursts. These events will have z<0.4 and small uncertainties around the luminosity functions, K-corrections, and galaxy evolutions, whereas the recent events with optical transients are much fainter and hence have high redshifts and grave difficulties in interpretation. This analysis strongly rejects the many models with peak luminosities of 1057 photons s-1 as deduced from the log N-log P curve with no evolution. Indeed, the lower limit on acceptable luminosities is 6 × 1058 photons s-1. The only possible solution is either to place GRBs at unexpectedly large distances (with z>5.9 for the faint BATSE bursts) or to require bursters to be far outside any normal host galaxy.
A Lens-Calibrated Active Marker Metrology System

This paper presents a prototypical marker tracking system, MT, which is capable of recording multiple mobile robot trajectories in parallel for offline analysis. The system is also capable of providing trajectory data in realtime to agents (such as robots in an arena) and implements several multi-agent operators to simplify agent-based perception. The latter characteristic provides an ability to minimise the normally expensive process of implementing agent-centric perceptual mechanisms and provides a means for multiagent global knowledge (Parker 1993).
Racism and Psychological and Emotional Injury

The purpose of this article is to discuss the psychological and emotional effects of racism on people of Color. Psychological models and research on racism, discrimination, stress, and trauma will be integrated to promote a model to be used to understand, recognize, and assess race-based traumatic stress to aid counseling and psychological assessment, research, and training.
The role of work ability and health on sustaining employability

This thesis aimed to contribute to the understanding of the role of decreased work ability and ill health on work participation and work performance of older workers. The longitudinal study on the role of four different health measures on exit from paid employment among workers aged 50 to 63 years old in 11 European countries showed, that controlling for individual and work related characteristics, poor self-perceived health was strongly associated with exit from paid employment. Focus group interviews (n=32) additionally showed that poor health and poor work circumstances are important in decisions to retire early, but social support and appreciative leadership style may be buffers in this process. Regarding determinants of work ability a literature review and cross-sectional analysis among white-collar workers was conducted. The literature review showed that factors associated with poor work ability index identified in 20 studies, were lack of leisure-time vigorous physical activity, older age, obesity, high mental and physical work demands. Among white-collar workers (n=1141) work ability was strongly associated with psychosocial factors at work, such as teamwork, stress handling, and self-development and, to a lesser extent, with stressful life events, lack of physical activity, and obesity. Decreased work ability had considerable consequences for sickness absence and productivity loss at work. Analyses on interactions showed that the negative effects on work performance of decreased work ability may be partly counterbalanced by enlarging workersâ€™ possibilities to plan and pace their own activities at work.
Potato virus Y: a major crop pathogen that has provided major insights into the evolution of viral pathogenicity.

TAXONOMY Potato virus Y (PVY) is the type member of the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae. VIRION AND GENOME PROPERTIES: PVY virions have a filamentous, flexuous form, with a length of 730 nm and a diameter of 12 nm. The genomic RNA is single stranded, messenger sense, with a length of 9.7 kb, covalently linked to a viral-encoded protein (VPg) at the 5' end and to a 3' polyadenylated tail. The genome is expressed as a polyprotein of approximately 3062 amino acid residues, processed by three virus-specific proteases into 11 mature proteins. HOSTS PVY is distributed worldwide and has a broad host range, consisting of cultivated solanaceous species and many solanaceous and nonsolanaceous weeds. It is one of the most economically important plant pathogens and causes severe diseases in cultivated hosts, such as potato, tobacco, tomato and pepper, as well as in ornamental plants. TRANSMISSION PVY is transmitted from plant to plant by more than 40 aphid species in a nonpersistent manner and, in potato, by planting contaminated seed tubers. DIVERSITY: Five major clades, named C1, C2, Chile, N and O, have been described within the PVY species. In recent decades, a strong increase in prevalence of N × O recombinant isolates has been observed worldwide. A correlation has been observed between PVY phylogeny and certain pathogenicity traits. GENETIC CONTROL OF PVY: Resistance genes against PVY have been used widely in breeding programmes and deployed in the field. These resistance genes show a large diversity of spectrum of action, durability and genetic determinism. Notably, recessive and dominant major resistance genes show highly contrasting patterns of interaction with PVY populations, displaying rapid co-evolution or stable relationships, respectively.