Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gephyrin Oligomerization Controls GlyR Mobility and Synaptic Clustering

High local concentrations of glycine receptors (GlyRs) at inhibitory postsynaptic sites are achieved through their binding to the scaffold protein gephyrin. The N- and C-terminal domains of gephyrin are believed to trimerize and dimerize, respectively, thus contributing to the formation of submembranous gephyrin clusters at synapses. GlyRs are associated with gephyrin also at extrasynaptic locations. We have investigated how gephyrin oligomerization influences GlyR dynamics and clustering in COS-7 cells and in cultured spinal cord neurons. To this aim, we have expressed isolated N- and C-terminal domains of gephyrin that interfere with the oligomerization of the full-length protein. We also studied the effect of an endogenous splice variant, ge(2,4,5), with a decreased propensity to trimerize. A reduction of the size and number of gephyrin–GlyR clusters was found in cells expressing the various interfering gephyrin constructs. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we studied the exchange kinetics of synaptic gephyrin clusters. Real-time single-particle tracking was used to analyze the mobility of GlyRs. We found that all the tested constructs displayed faster rates of recovery than wild-type gephyrin and increased the mobility of extrasynaptic receptors, showing that gephyrin–gephyrin interactions modulate the lateral diffusion of GlyRs. Furthermore, we observed an inverse correlation between GlyR diffusion properties and gephyrin cluster size that depended on the number of binding sites blocked by the different constructs. Since alterations in the oligomerization properties of gephyrin are related to the dynamics of GlyRs, the gephyrin splice variant ge(2,4,5) may be implicated in the modulation of synaptic strength.
Partial Delaunay Triangulation and Localized Bluetooth Scatternet Formation

This paper addresses the problem of scatternet formation al gorithm for multi-hop Bluetooth based personal area and ad hoc network, ith minimal communication overhead. Nodes are assumed to know their pos ition and are able to establish connections with any of the neighboring no des. We first propose a new sparse subgraph, namely, partial Delaunay triang ulation (PDT), which can be constructed efficiently in a localized manner. I t is still a planar graph and is denser than other known planar localized sub graphs. The proposed formation algorithm constructs first a sparse geom etric structure in localized manner and then limits the degree of each node to 7 b y applying Yao structure. The master-slave relations are formed in cre ated subgraphs by using higher degree priority. The creation and maintenance require minimal overhead in addition to maintaining accurate location info rmation for onehop neighbors. We also propose an alternative master-slave decision scheme that reduces significantly the number of created piconets. A dominating set of masters in the degree limited subgraph is constructed by a pplying clustering scheme, and then a two-element piconet is added for each t wo masters at distance three, to preserve connectivity. Our schemes ar e the first schemes that construct degree limited and connected piconets in mul ti-hop networks, without parking any node. The experiments confirm good funct io ality of created Bluetooth networks in addition to their fast creati on and straightforward maintenance.
Sharp spectral bounds on starlike domains

We prove sharp bounds on eigenvalues of the Laplacian that complement the Faber--Krahn and Luttinger inequalities. In particular, we prove that the ball maximizes the first eigenvalue and minimizes the spectral zeta function and heat trace. The normalization on the domain incorporates volume and a computable geometric factor that measures the deviation of the domain from roundness, in terms of moment of inertia and a support functional introduced by P\'{o}lya and Szeg\H{o}. Additional functionals handled by our method include finite sums and products of eigenvalues. The results hold on convex and starlike domains, and for Dirichlet, Neumann or Robin boundary conditions.
Safe fall: Humanoid robot fall direction change through intelligent stepping and inertia shaping

Although fall is a rare event in the life of a humanoid robot, we must be prepared for it because its consequences are serious. In this paper we present a fall strategy which rapidly modifies the robot's fall direction in order to avoid hitting a person or an object in the vicinity. Our approach is based on the key observation that during “toppling” the rotational motion of a robot necessarily occurs at the leading edge or the leading corner of its support base polygon. To modify the fall direction the robot needs to change the position and orientation of this edge or corner vis-a-vis the prohibited direction. We achieve it through intelligent stepping as soon as a fall is detected. We compute the optimal stepping location which results in the safest fall. Additional improvement to the fall controller is achieved through inertia shaping techniques aimed at controlling the centroidal inertia of the robot. We demonstrate our results through the simulation of an Asimo-like humanoid robot. To our knowledge, this is the first implementation of a controller that attempts to change the fall direction of a humanoid robot.
DESIGN OF AN ADAPTIVE AUDITORY WARNING SYSTEM FOR ADEQUATE AUDIBILITY IN HIGHLY FLUCTUATING NOISY ENVIRONMENT

The paper presents design and development of an automatic warning system to be used in locations with fluctuating background noises. This adaptive auditory warning system was designed to detect the level of background noises and be able to generate an audio warning with a sound level higher than the background noises. The warning level was automatically adjusted based on the background noises detected. The auditory warning system consisted of a low-noise operational amplifier, comparators, a CMOS Quad bilateral switch, and a speaker. The amplifying level could be selected to increase the output level by +5 dB, + 10 dB, and + 15 dB. The adaptive auditory warning system was developed and tested. The preliminary results showed that the system was able to operate as designed. The audio warning level was higher than the input sound level.
Towards efficient scheduling of data intensive high energy physics workflows

Data intensive high energy physics workflows executed on geographically distributed resources pose a tremendous challenge for efficient use of computing resources. In this early work paper, we present a hierarchical framework for efficient allocation of resources and energy-efficient assignment of tasks for a representative high energy physics application, the Belle II experiments. With an expected data rate of 25 peta bytes per year from experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations, the Belle II experiment provides an ideal platform for algorithmic development. Building on the analogy of the unit commitment problem in electric power grids, we present a novel cost-efficient method for resource allocation that feeds into energy-efficient assignment of tasks to resources using a novel semi-matching based algorithm. We demonstrate that this approach is both computationally efficient and effective. We expect the methods developed in this work to benefit Belle II and other complex workflows executed on distributed resources.
Discovering significant news sources in Twitter

Twitter has massive amounts of tweets posted by users all around the world and at all times. Generally, these tweets are correlated to the real-time news events. Most of the news is discussed over social media and Twitter is not an exception to the rule. Users these days share URLs for exchange of information. Providing a link to the news article along with the tweet on the event has become a trend. Hence, many inferences can be derived from this structure. This fact has been leveraged in the research. Thus, the following linking task has been addressed: Discovering the significant news sources and concepts from Twitter. The problem of inferring significance of Indian news sources in Twitter has been investigated.
Power Gating to reduce Leakage Current in Low Power CMOS

Power-gating has proved to be one of the most effective solutions for reducing stand-by leakage power in nanometer scale CMOS circuits, and different strategies and algorithms for its application have been proposed recently. Unfortunately, powergating comes with its own set of costs: Performance degradation, area increase, dynamic power increase and routing congestion. A decision to power-gate a design has to be taken, pros and cons of power-gating have to be properly weighted to achieve optimal results. In this paper, “Figures of Merit” (FoMs) for power-gating can be used by designers to better understand the benefits and costs of power-gating, thereby allowing them to achieve optimal results.
Preliminary studies for capturing entertainment through physiology in physical play

This report presents preliminary physical control experiments for capturing and modeling the affective state of entertainment — that is, whether people are having “fun” — of users of the innovative Playware playground, an interactive physical playground. The goal is to construct, using representative statistics computed from children’s physiological hear rate (HR) signals, an estimator of the degree to which games provided by the playground engage the players. For this purpose children’s HR signals, and their expressed preferences of how much “fun” particular game variants are, are obtained from experiments using games implemented on the Playware playground. Neuro-evolution techniques combined with feature set selection methods permit the construction of user models that predict reported entertainment preferences given HR features. These models are expressed as artificial neural networks and are demonstrated and evaluated on two Playware games and the preliminary control task requiring physical activity. Results demonstrate that the proposed preliminary control experiment is not an appropriate control for physical activity effects since it may generate HR dynamics rather easy to separate from game-play HR dynamics, and allows one to distinguish entertaining game-play from exercise purely on the artificial basis of the kind of physical activity taking place. Conclusions derived from this study constitute the basis for the design of more appropriate control experiments and user models in future studies.
In Vitro Study on Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Activity of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects 200 million people worldwide, and 75% of HCV cases progress into chronic infections, which consequently cause cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV infection is treated with currently considered standard drugs, including direct anti-viral agents (DAAs), alone or in combination with peginterferon-α plus ribavirin. However, sustained viral responses vary in different cohorts, and high costs limit the broad use of DAAs. In this study, the ethanol and water extracts of 12 herbs from Lingnan in China were examined in terms of their inhibitory effect on HCV replication. Among the examined extracts, Spatholobus suberectus ethanol extracts suppressed HCV replication. By comparison, Extracts from Fructus lycii, Radix astragali (root), Rubus chingii Hu (fruit), Flos chrysanthemi Indici (flower), Cassia obtusifolia (seed), Lonicera japonica Thunb (flower), Forsythia suspense Thunb (fruit), Poria cocos (sclerotia), Carthamus tinctorius L. (flower), Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. (fruit), and Leonurus japonicas Houtt. (leaf) extracts failed to show a similar activity. Active S. suberectus fractions containing tannins as the major component also inhibited the in vitro translation of HCV RNA. The combination treatments of single compounds, such as epigallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate, were not as potent as crude S. suberectus fractions; therefore, crude S. suberectus extract may be a potential alternative treatment against HCV either alone or in combination with other agents.
Hubble Space Telescope Evidence for an Intermediate-Mass Black Hole in the Globular Cluster M15. II. Kinematic Analysis and Dynamical Modeling

We have used the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to obtain high spatial resolution spectroscopy of the central region of the dense globular cluster M15. The observational strategy and data reduction were described in Paper I of this series. Here we analyze the extracted spectra with a cross-correlation technique to determine the line-of-sight velocities of individual stars. Our final STIS velocity sample contains 64 stars, two-thirds of which have their velocity measured for the first time. The new data set triples the number of stars with measured velocities in the central projected R ≤ 1″ of M15 and doubles the number in the central R ≤ 2″. We combine our data with existing ground-based data to obtain nonparametric estimates of the radial profiles of the projected rotation velocity, velocity dispersion, and rms velocity σrms. The results differ from earlier work in the central few arcseconds in that we find that σrms rises to ∼14 km s-1, somewhat higher than the values of 10–12 km s-1 inferred previously from ground-based data. To interpret the results we construct dynamical models based on the Jeans equation for a spherical system. If the velocity distribution is isotropic, then M15 must have a central concentration of nonluminous material. If this is due to a single black hole, then a fit to the full velocity information as function of radius implies that its mass is MBH = (3.9 ± 2.2) × 103 M⊙. The existence of intermediate-mass black holes in globular clusters is consistent with several scenarios for globular cluster evolution proposed in the literature. The inferred mass for M15 is consistent with the extrapolation of the relation between MBH and σrms that has been established for galaxies. Therefore, these results may have important implications for our understanding of the evolution of globular clusters, the growth of black holes, the connection between globular cluster and galaxy formation, and the nature of the recently discovered "ultraluminous" X-ray sources in nearby galaxies. Instead of a single intermediate-mass black hole, M15 could have a central concentration of dark remnants (e.g., neutron stars) due to mass segregation. However, we argue that the best-fitting Fokker-Planck models that have previously been constructed for M15 do not predict a central mass concentration that is sufficient to explain the observed kinematics. To fit the M15 data without any central dark mass concentration one must assume that the velocity distribution is significantly radially anisotropic near the center, which contradicts predictions from both Fokker-Planck and N-body calculations.
A low-power circuit technique for domino CMOS logic

Dynamic logic style is used in high performance circuit design because of its fast speed and less transistors requirement as compared to CMOS logic style. But it is not widely accepted for all types of circuit implementations due to its less noise tolerance and charge sharing problems. Domino logic uses one static CMOS inverter at the output of dynamic node which is more noise immune and has less capacitance at the output node. In this paper we have proposed a novel circuit for domino logic which less noise at the output node and has very less power-delay product (PDP) as compared to previous reported articles. The proposed circuit is being compared with previous reported domino logic and the basic domino logic structures in different ways and found to be having least PDP from others.
The Relevance of UX Models and Measures

Two approaches to research on UX models and measures are discussed on basis of experiences from the field of usability research and an ongoing case of user involvement in software development (SD) by way of social media. It is suggested that simple measures and ad-hoc models, rather than complex models and measures, may be beneficial to the relevance of UX research for SD practice.
Comparing Mechanisms for Evolving Evolvability

In evolutionary search, the term evolvability as de ned in [Altenberg 94] refers to \the ability of a population to produce variants tter than any yet existing". In this paper, we examine a few existing mechanisms which provide the potential for the evolvability of a population to itself evolve. One key property that we identify among such mechanisms is a many-to-one genotype-to-phenotype mapping, which permits variations in evolvability to occur independent of tness. Another is the propensity for individuals to become increasingly conservative in parent-o spring transmission as they become more t, a phenomenon which becomes stronger as selection pressure becomes weaker.
Protection for Sale under Monopolistic Competition: An Empirical Investigation

This paper proposes a general empirical framework to estimate the protection-for-sale model, where the protection regime shifts according to a sector’s market structure (perfectly or monopolistically competitive). We base the protection structure on Grossman and Helpman (1994) for the subset of perfectly competitive sectors and on Chang (2005) for the subset of monopolistically competitive sectors. The two protection regimes are simultaneously estimated with joint constraints. The results of the J-test consistently reject the homogeneous (perfect competition) protection-for-sale model often adopted in previous literature and suggest a direction of improvement toward the proposed heterogeneous protection structure model.
Distributed Architectures for E-Market Design 1

In the TEM project, we investigate novel architectures for the design of electronic marketplaces. At the core of our research is the study of various types of electronic negotiations, and the development of architectures and software tools to support those negotiations. One major focus of the TEM project are combined negotiations and combined negotiation support systems. This paper provides an overview of the TEM project and our research in combined negotiations.
Lifetime Recreational and Occupational Physical Activity and Risk of In situ and Invasive Breast Cancer

Numerous studies have observed reduced breast cancer risk with increasing levels of physical activity, yet these findings have been inconsistent about optimal times of activity and effect modification by other factors. We investigated the association between recreational and occupational physical activity and breast cancer risk in a population-based case-control study in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Wisconsin. During structured telephone interviews, 7,630 controls, 1,689 in situ, and 6,391 invasive breast cancer cases, ages 20 to 69 years, reported lifetime history of recreational physical activity and occupation. Neither lifetime recreational nor strenuous occupational physical activity appeared to be associated with risk of breast carcinoma in situ. In contrast, recreational physical activity was associated with a reduced risk of invasive breast cancer. After adjustment for potentially confounding factors, women averaging >6 h per week of strenuous recreational activity over their lifetime had a 23% reduction in the odds ratio of invasive breast cancer when compared with women reporting no recreational activity (95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.92; Ptrend = 0.05). However, this reduction in risk was limited to women without a first-degree family history of breast cancer (Pinteraction = 0.02). Inverse associations were observed for physical activity early in life, in the postmenopausal years, and in the recent past, but these findings were confined to women without a family history of breast cancer. Lifetime strenuous occupational activity was not associated with invasive breast cancer risk. These results provide further evidence that, for most women, physical activity may reduce the risk of invasive breast cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(2):236–43)
Immobilized Lentivirus Vector on Chondroitin Sulfate-Hyaluronate Acid-Silk Fibroin Hybrid Scaffold for Tissue-Engineered Ligament-Bone Junction

The lack of a fibrocartilage layer between graft and bone remains the leading cause of graft failure after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The objective of this study was to develop a gene-modified silk cable-reinforced chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronate acid-silk fibroin (CHS) hybrid scaffold for reconstructing the fibrocartilage layer. The scaffold was fabricated by lyophilizing the CHS mixture with braided silk cables. The scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) showed that microporous CHS sponges were formed around silk cables. Each end of scaffold was modified with lentiviral-mediated transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) gene. The cells on scaffold were transfected by bonded lentivirus. In vitro culture demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on scaffolds proliferated vigorously and produced abundant collagen. The transcription levels of cartilage-specific genes also increased with culture time. After 2 weeks, the MSCs were distributed uniformly throughout scaffold. Deposited collagen was also found to increase. The chondral differentiation of MSCs was verified by expressions of collagen II and TGF-β3 genes in mRNA and protein level. Histology also confirmed the production of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The results demonstrated that gene-modified silk cable-reinforced CHS scaffold was capable of supporting cell proliferation and differentiation to reconstruct the cartilage layer of interface.
The theoretical base for localization of electromagnetic sources

A presented paper deals with a theoretical base of the localization of electromagnetic sources. There are presented a mathematical model of localization of electromagnetic sources in near-field region and the mathematical model in far-field region. The localization in far-field region is introduced by covariance matrix and the localization in near-field region is introduced by cross-correlation matrix. These concepts are very similar in a mathematical apparatus, but the whole fundamental is completely different. There is shown a model of printed circuit board (PCB) with distributed fully coherent source at 1050 MHz for next work with mathematical model in near-field region.
Cellini's descent algebra and semisimple conjugacy classes of finite groups of Lie type

By algebraic group theory, there is a map from the semisimple conjugacy classes of a finite group of Lie type to the conjugacy classes of the Weyl group. Picking a semisimple class uniformly at random yields a probability measure on conjugacy classes of the Weyl group. We conjecture that this measure agrees with a second measure on conjugacy classes of the Weyl group induced by a construction of Cellini which uses the affine Weyl group. This conjecture is confirmed in special cases such as type C odd characteristic and the identity conjugacy class in type A. Models of card shuffling, old and new, arise naturally. Type A shuffles lead to interesting number theory involving Ramanujan sums. It is shown that a proof of our conjecture in type C even characteristic would give an alternate solution to a problem in dynamical systems. An idea is offered for how, at least in type A, to associate to a semisimple conjugacy class an element of the Weyl group, refining the map to conjugacy classes. This is confirmed for the simplest nontrivial example.