Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maximizing system lifetime by battery scheduling

The use of mobile devices is limited by the battery lifetime. Some devices have the option to connect an extra battery, or to use smart battery-packs with multiple cells to extend the lifetime. In these cases, scheduling the batteries over the load to exploit recovery properties usually extends the system lifetime. Straightforward scheduling schemes, like round robin or choosing the best battery available, already provide a big improvement compared to a sequential discharge of the batteries. In this paper we compare these scheduling schemes with the optimal scheduling scheme produced with a priced-timed automaton battery model (implemented and evaluated in Uppaal Cora). We see that in some cases the results of the simple scheduling schemes are close to optimal. However, the optimal schedules also clearly show that there is still room for improving the battery lifetimes.
Past and future mass balance of ‘Ka Roimata o Hine Hukatere’ Franz Josef Glacier, New Zealand

Despite their relatively small total ice volume, mid-latitude valley glaciers are expected to make a significant contribution to global sea-level rise over the next century due to the sensitivity of their mass-balance systems to small changes in climate. Here we use a degree-day model to reconstruct the past century of mass-balance variation at 'Ka Roimata o Hine Hukatere' Franz Josef Glacier, New Zealand, and to predict how mass balance may change over the next century. Analysis of the relationship between temperature, precipitation and mass balance indicates that temperature is a stronger control than precipitation on the mass balance of Franz Josef Glacier. The glacier's mass balance, relative to its 1986 geometry, has decreased at a mean annual rate of 0.02 m a -1 w.e. between 1894 and 2005. We compare this reduction to observations of terminus advance and retreat, of which Franz Josef Glacier has the best record in the Southern Hemisphere. For the years 2000-05 the relative mass balance ranged from -0.75 to +1.50 m a -1 w.e. , with 2000/01 the only year showing a negative mass balance. In a regionally downscaled Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change mean warming scenario, the annual relative mass balance will continue to decrease at 0.02 m a -1 w.e. through the next century.
Detection and Tracking of Pedestrian for ADAS

Pedestrian protection system in advanced driver assistance system is become active research area in many developed and also developing countries for improving traffic safety. The main challenge of pedestrian detection is development of reliable and affordable on board pedestrian detection system. Due to non-rigid appearance of pedestrians like different clothes, aspect ratio, changing size and dynamic shape etc. and varying environmental conditions, it is very hard to cope with the high robustness of this system. In this survey we explicitly addressed the detail overview of current advances in the field. Image segmentation, feature extraction and subsequent classification process are discussed separately to focus on novelty of recent research. Moreover, we discussed limitation of state of art and promising direction for further work.
Simulated degradation of lunar impact craters and a new method for age dating farside mare deposits

With the advent of Clementine data it is now possible to determine the lithology and extent of geologic materials on the Moon, particularly the farside mare deposits. However, traditional crater counting techniques do not provide reliable age estimates of these materials owing to their small surface areas. To support such studies, we present a model for estimating their age by analyzing the morphometry of degraded craters 1–3 km in diameter. A photoclinometric model was adapted for use with monoscopic 0.750-μm ultraviolet-visible and high-resolution images where we extracted the topography of fresh craters. A two-dimensional computer model simulating linear diffusional creep was applied to fresh craters at a variety of diameters. The resulting profiles were then compared to photoclinometric profiles of degraded craters of known ages for calibration. Application of the resulting model to degraded craters in the mare deposit of the central Apollo basin (∼36.5° latitude, 208.0° longitude) indicates that this material was emplaced during the early Imbrian period (∼3.85 Ga). By calculating the amount of material eroded from each of the degraded craters observed in this unit, the average erosion rate is estimated to be 2.0±0.1 × 10−7 mm/yr on the Moon since the Imbrian. The estimated amount of material eroded during any given period suggests that the erosion rate has decreased with time, implying that the flux of larger impactors has as well.
Instabilities and inertial waves generated in a librating cylinder

Abstract A librating cylinder consists of a rotating cylinder whose rate of rotation is modulated. When the mean rotation rate is large compared with the viscous damping rate, the flow may support inertial waves, depending on the frequency of the modulation. The modulation also produces time-dependent boundary layers on the cylinder endwalls and sidewall, and the sidewall boundary layer flow in particular is susceptible to instabilities which can introduce additional forcing on the interior flow with time scales different from the modulation period. These instabilities may also drive and/or modify the inertial waves. In this paper, we explore such flows numerically using a spectral-collocation code solving the Navier–Stokes equations in order to capture the dynamics involved in the interactions between the inertial waves and the viscous boundary layer flows.
Transcriptional analysis through RNA sequencing of giant cells induced by Meloidogyne graminicola in rice roots

One of the reasons for the progressive yield decline observed in aerobic rice production is the rapid build-up of populations of the rice root knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. These nematodes induce specialized feeding cells inside root tissue, called giant cells. By injecting effectors in and sipping metabolites out of these cells, they reprogramme normal cell development and deprive the plant of its nutrients. In this research we have studied the transcriptome of giant cells in rice, after isolation of these cells by laser-capture microdissection. The expression profiles revealed a general induction of primary metabolism inside the giant cells. Although the roots were shielded from light induction, we detected a remarkable induction of genes involved in chloroplast biogenesis and tetrapyrrole synthesis. The presence of chloroplast-like structures inside these dark-grown cells was confirmed by confocal microscopy. On the other hand, genes involved in secondary metabolism and more specifically, the majority of defence-related genes were strongly suppressed in the giant cells. In addition, significant induction of transcripts involved in epigenetic processes was detected inside these cells 7 days after infection.
Sustainable Tourism Transportation Planning of Eco-Resort on Urban Fringe: The Case of Taihu Lake Resort in Suzhou

The tourism transportation planning of eco-resorts is combined with traffic systems, tourism service functions, and eco-environmental constraints. It has a great influence on the sustainable development of the resort area. This work studies the Taihu Lake resort planning case, which is based on the trip characteristic analysis, taking“4E” as restraints. The planning involves travel mode identification, public transport, slow traffic, and waterborne traffic plans. This case suggests that a transit-oriented transport system is appropriate to meet the tourism transport demand and ensure the sustainability of the eco-resort area development.
The Effects of Feature-Based Priming and Visual Working Memory on Oculomotor Capture

Recently, it has been demonstrated that objects held in working memory can influence rapid oculomotor selection. This has been taken as evidence that perceptual salience can be modified by active working memory representations. The goal of the present study was to examine whether these results could also be caused by feature-based priming. In two experiments, participants were asked to saccade to a target line segment of a certain orientation that was presented together with a to-be-ignored distractor. Both objects were given a task-irrelevant color that varied per trial. In a secondary task, a color had to be memorized, and that color could either match the color of the target, match the color of the distractor, or it did not match the color of any of the objects in the search task. The memory task was completed either after the search task (Experiment 1), or before it (Experiment 2). The results showed that in both experiments the memorized color biased oculomotor selection. Eye movements were more frequently drawn towards objects that matched the memorized color, irrespective of whether the memory task was completed after (Experiment 1) or before (Experiment 2) the search task. This bias was particularly prevalent in short-latency saccades. The results show that early oculomotor selection performance is not only affected by properties that are actively maintained in working memory but also by those previously memorized. Both working memory and feature priming can cause early biases in oculomotor selection.
The utilisation of CO(2) in the dissimilation of glycerol by the propionic acid bacteria.

This paper by Wood and Werkman is truly outstanding. First, it is a classical example of determination of the path of a fermentation by careful quantitative analyses of substrates consumed and products formed. Second and most importantly, the results led to the discovery of CO2 fixation by heterotrophic bacteria. The dogma at the time the work was done and as expressed in textbooks held that only specially adapted chemosynthetic and photosynthetic autotrophic microorganisms, and of course plants, could fix CO2. The analyses by Wood and Werkman indicated that succinate was the product of the fixation. This was confirmed by Wood et al. in 1941 with the use of CO2 and mass spectroscopy. The discovery by Wood was extended by him and by others to involve livers from higher animals, and it is now clear that several types of CO2 fixation reactions occur in most if not all cells. The discovery of heterotrophic CO2 fixation is important, because this process is needed for converting pyruvate to oxaloacetate (a reaction named the Wood-Werkman reaction long before the actual enzyme catalyzing the reaction was characterized) to connect glycolysis with the citric acid cycle, for synthesis of malonyl-CoA needed for synthesis of lipids, for the function of the urea cycle, and for numerous other metabolic processes including the synthesis of nucleotides, DNA, and RNA. How the discoverers of heterotrophic CO2 fixation avoided getting a Nobel Prize is difficult to understand. LARS G. LJUNGDAHL
Analyzing the validity of selective mutation with dominator mutants

Various forms of selective mutation testing have long been accepted as valid approximations to full mutation testing. This paper presents counterevidence to traditional selective mutation. The recent development of dominator mutants and minimal mutation analysis lets us analyze selective mutation without the noise introduced by the redundancy inherent in traditional mutation. We then exhaustively evaluate all small sets of mutation operators for the Proteum mutation system and determine dominator mutation scores and required work for each of these sets on an empirical test bed. The results show that all possible selective mutation approaches have poor dominator mutation scores on at least some of these programs. This suggests that to achieve high performance with respect to full mutation analysis, selective approaches will have to become more sophisticated, possibly by choosing mutants based on the specifics of the artifact under test, that is, specialized selective mutation.
Information Sharing in a Supply Chain: A Note on its Value when Demand Is Nonstationary

In a recent paper, Lee, So, and Tang (2000) showed that in a two-level supply chain with non-stationary AR(1) end demand, the manufacturer benefits significantly when the retailer shares point-of-sale (POS) demand data. We show in this paper, analytically and through simulation, that the manufacturer's benefit is insignificant when the parameters of the AR(1) process are known to both parties, as in Lee, So, and Tang (LST). The key reason for the difference between our results and those of LST is that LST assume that the manufacturer also uses an AR(1) process to forecast the retailer order quantity. However, the manufacturer can reduce the variance of its forecast further by using the entire order history to which it has access. Thus, when intelligent use of already available internal information (order history) suffices, there is no need to invest in interorganizational systems for information sharing.
Boreal Winter MJO Teleconnection in the Community Atmosphere Model Version 5 with the Unified Convection Parameterization

AbstractThe Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), the dominant mode of tropical intraseasonal variability, influences weather and climate in the extratropics through atmospheric teleconnection. In this study, two simulations using the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5)—one with the default shallow and deep convection schemes and the other with the unified convection scheme (UNICON)—are employed to examine the impacts of cumulus parameterizations on the simulation of the boreal wintertime MJO teleconnection in the Northern Hemisphere. It is demonstrated that the UNICON substantially improves the MJO teleconnection. When the UNICON is employed, the simulated circulation anomalies associated with the MJO better resemble the observed counterpart, compared to the simulation with the default convection schemes. Quantitatively, the pattern correlation for the 300-hPa geopotential height anomalies between the simulations and observation increases from 0.07 for the default schemes to 0.54 for the UNICON. These.
Yield and forage quality of less intensive grass legume swards in organic agriculture.

Hintergrund der Studie bildet das gesteigerte Interesse an der Entwicklung von energieeffizienten, Leguminosenstickstoff-basierten Futterproduktionssystemen im Zusammenhang mit der Verknappung nicht erneuerbarer Energietrager bzw. der politisch geforderten Einschrankung der Treibhausgasemissionen. Hinzu kommt, dass es vor dem Hintergrund des weltweit prognostizierten Klimawandels, der auch fur Norddeutschland vermehrte Trockenphasen wahrend der Vegetationszeit erwarten lasst, erforderlich erscheint, trockenheitstolerante Arten fur die Grundfutterproduktion zu evaluieren. Zu diesem Zweck wurden in einem Feldversuch die norddeutsche Standardgrasart Dt. Weidelgras (Lolium perenne, DW) mit dem als trockenheitstolerant geltenden Rohrschwingel (Festuca arundinacea, RS) als Kleebegleitgrasart in Bezug auf Ertragsleistung und Futterqualitat bei als extensiv zu bezeichnender 3-Schnittnutzung verglichen. Der Anbau erfolgte in binaren Gemengen mit jeweils einer der ebenfalls unterschiedlich trockenheitstoleranten Leguminosenarten Weisklee (Trifolium repens, WK), Rotklee (Trifolium pratense, RK) und Luzerne (Medicago sativa, LZ). Die hochwuchsigen Leguminosenarten RK bzw. LZ fuhrten uber hohe Leguminosenteilertrage im Vergleich zu WK zu deutlich hoheren Gesamtbestandsertragen. LZ und RK zeigten im Vergleich zu WK aufgrund hoher Fasergehalte im Stangel zwar geringere Energieund Proteinkonzentrationen, fuhrten allerdings uber hohere Ertragsleistungen zu hoheren Gesamtbestands-Energiebzw. Rohproteinertragen. Der konkurrenzkraftige RS blieb im Vergleich zu DW bei gleichzeitig geringerer Futterqualitat ertraglich ohne Vorteile. Trotz hoher Ertrage sowie Rohproteinkonzentrationen erwiesen sich Bestande mit RK oder LZ bei extensiver 3-Schnittnutzung zwar gut geeignet fur die Versorgung von Jungvieh, mussten aber bei der Verfutterung an laktierende Kuhe durch energiereiche Futtermittel erganzt werden. In Folge hoher Ertragsleistung bei nur relativ geringen Unterschieden in der Futterqualitat bieten sich die trockenheitstoleranten Arten LZ und RS bei drohenden Sommertrockenheitsphasen als Nutzungsalternative an.
Road detection based on region similarity analysis

Drivable space detection is a key component for autonomous driving and robot road-following. In this paper, we propose a visual-based approach to detect road region in a dynamic environment from a moving camera. In the approach, a free road region candidates are estimated first based on intensity similarity search which using statistical feature analysis (SFA) combined with a breadth-first search (BFS) algorithm to segment different intensity similarity regions in a road image. Then, the similarity between a prior road model by drivers selected and the road region candidates is expressed by a metric derived from the Bhattacharyya distance. Finally, the road region can be identified by voting scores for these similarity measures. The experimental results have shown that the proposed approach can detect road regions in real road scenes.
Specificity of Anamnestic Response in Chickens.∗

Summary 1) The effects of secondary injections of various soluble protein antigens, subsequent to disappearance from the circulating system of antibodies to a primary antigen, are described. 2) Secondary antigen injections do not elicit antibody responses to previously injected antigens, if the antigens are unrelated. 3) Quantitative levels of antibody response to secondary antigens are apparently unaffected by previous antigenic stimulations of the animal, if the antigens are unrelated.
Using magnetic resonance imaging to assess visual deficits: a review

Over the last two decades, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used in neuroscience research to assess both structure and function in the brain in health and disease. With regard to vision research, prior to the advent of MRI, researchers relied on animal physiology and human post‐mortem work to assess the impact of eye disease on visual cortex and connecting structures. Using MRI, researchers can non‐invasively examine the effects of eye disease on the whole visual pathway, including the lateral geniculate nucleus, striate and extrastriate cortex. This review aims to summarise research using MRI to investigate structural, chemical and functional effects of eye diseases, including: macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, albinism, and amblyopia.
SketchChair: an all-in-one chair design system for end users

SketchChair is an application that allows novice users to control the entire process of designing and building their own chairs. Chairs are designed using a simple 2D sketch-based interface and design validation tools, and are then fabricated from sheet materials, cut by a laser cutter or CNC milling machine. This paper presents the concepts and details of SketchChair, and both miniature and full-sized chairs are designed using the application. We conclude with results and insights from a workshop in which novice users designed their own model chairs.
Microwave Dielectric Behavior of Wet Soil-Part II: Dielectric Mixing Models

This paper is the second in a series evaluating the microwave dielectric behavior of soil-water mixtures as a function of water content and soil textural composition. Part II draws upon the data presented in Part 1 [13] to develop appropriate empirical and theoretical dielectric mixing models for the 1.4-to 18-GHz region. A semiempirical mixing model based upon the index of refraction is presented, requiring only easily ascertained soil physical parameters such as volumetric moisture and soil textural composition as inputs. In addition, a theoretical model accounting explicitly for the presence of a hydration layer of bound water adjacent to hydrophilic soil particle surfaces is presented. A four-component dielectric mixing model treats the soil-water system as a host medium of dry soil solids containing randomly distributed and randomly oriented disc-shaped inclusions of bound water, bulk water, and air. The bulk water component is considered to be dependent upon frequency, temperature, and salinity. The soil solution is differentiated by means of a soil physical model into 1) a bound component and 2) a bulk soil solution. The performance of each model is evaluated as a function of soil moisture, soil texture, and frequency, using the dielectric measurements of five soils ranging from sandy loam to silty clay (as presented in Part I [13]) at frequencies between 1.4 and 18 GHz. The semiempirical mixing model yields an excellent fit to the measured data at frequencies above 4 GHz. At 1.
Hypertension Diabetes mellitus Hyperlipidemia Cardiac disorders Rheumatic heart disease Myocardial infarction Cardiomyopathy Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation Cardioembolic stroke

Background and Purpose: The nature of hematologic disorders in different stroke subtypes remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to clarify the differences in the coagulation and fibrinolytic activities among ischemic stroke subtypes. Methods: We performed sequential measurements of hematologic parameters in 21 patients with acute cardioembolic stroke, 10 patients with atherothrombotic stroke, 23 patients with lacunar stroke, and 20 age-matched controls. Results: A marked elevation of plasma concentrations of the thrombin-antithrombin III complex and crosslinked D-dimer was observed only in cardioembolic stroke within 48 hours of onset (p<0.01), persisting for one month with a gradual decline. In atherothrombotic stroke, however, the level of crosslinked D-dimer was not elevated at the onset, but increased seven days after onset (p<0.01). No significant changes in these marker levels were observed in lacunar stroke. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the nature of altered coagulation and fibrinolysis are different in various subtypes of ischemic stroke, and that an assessment of these hematologic parameters may be useful for the early classification of these subtypes. (Stroke 1992;23:194-198)
Speech-based assessment of PTSD in a military population using diverse feature classes

There is a critical need for detection and monitoring of PostTraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in both military and civilian populations. Current diagnosis is based on clinical interviews, but clinicians cannot keep up with the growing need. We examined the feasibility of using speech for assessment in a military population. We analyzed recordings of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) interview from military personnel diagnosed as PTSD positive versus negative. Three feature types were explored: frame-level spectral features, longer-range prosodic features, and lexical features. Results using gaussian backend, decision tree and neural network classifiers (for spectral and prosodic features) and boosting (for lexical features) showed an accuracy of 77% correct in split-half cross validation experiments, a figure significantly above chance (which was 61.5% for our dataset). Spectral and prosodic features outperformed lexical features, and feature combination yielded further gains. An important finding was that sparser prosodic features offered more robustness than acoustic features to channel-based variation in the interview recordings. Implications and future work are discussed. Index Terms: PTSD assessment, mental health assessment.