Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust Bayesian tracking on Riemannian manifolds via fragments-based representation

Recently, the covariance region descriptor [1] has been proved robust and versatile for a modest computational cost. It enables efficient fusion of different types of features. Based on the covariance descriptor and the metric on Riemannian manifolds, we develop a robust Bayesian tracking framework via fragments-based representation in this paper. In this framework, the template object is represented by multiple image fragments or patches. Every patch votes on the possible state of the object in the current frame, by comparing its covariance descriptor with the corresponding image patch model. Tracking is then led by the Bayesian state inference framework in which a particle filter is used for propagating sample distributions over time. The weight of each particle is formulated by combining the votes of the patches using a robust statistic. Further, we extend the fast covariance computation to the Bayesian tracking problem, which makes the tracking procedure more efficient. We present extensive experimental results on challenging sequences, which demonstrate the robust tracking achieved by our algorithm.
Frequency Distributions of Apolipoprotein(a) Kringle IV Repeat Alleles and Their Effects on Lipoprotein(a) Levels in Caucasian, Asian, and African Populations: The Distribution of Null Alleles Is Non-Random

A size polymorphism (K IV VNTR) and largely unknown sequence variation in the apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] gene on chromosome 6q26–q27 together determine most of the extreme variation in apo(a) glycoprotein expression and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] plasma concentration in Caucasians. We have determined Lp(a) plasma concentrations, the number of kringle IV (K IV) repeats in the apo(a) gene and the expression of the apo(a) glycoprotein in four ethnic groups (Khoi San, South African Blacks, Hong Kong Chinese and Caucasians from the Tyrol, total n = 788). The distributions of Lp(a) concentrations, the frequencies of expressed and non-expressed apo(a) K IV alleles, and the impact of the size polymorphism on Lp(a) concentrations were all heterogeneous across populations. In contrast, the effect of the K IV repeat alleles appeared homogeneous. Lp(a) concentrations were higher in Africans and Chinese than in Caucasians, but this was not explained by differences in K IV repeat allele frequencies among populations. Lp(a) concentrations were highest in Khoi San, suggesting that high Lp(a) is an old African trait. When expressed as Spearman rank correlations the impact of the size polymorphism was smallest in African Blacks (R = −0.386) and largest in the Chinese (R = −0.692). In all four populations, the distribution of non-expressed apo(a) alleles was non-random. Rather they were significantly associated with distinct size alleles and overall positively with high K IV repeat numbers. The negative correlation of K IV repeat length with Lp(a) concentration was nonlinear in Khoi San and the average apo(a)-size-allele-associated Lp(a) concentrations were markedly different between all populations. We conclude that besides the apo(a) size variation, other factors affect Lp(a) concentrations to different degrees in the study populations. Most likely, this is sequence variation in apo(a) which is not the same in the different ethnic groups.
Finite element algorithms for transport-diffusion problems: stability, adaptivity, tractability

Partial differential equations with nonnegative characteristic form arise in numerous mathematical models of physical phenomena: stochastic analysis, in particular, is a fertile source of equations of this kind. We survey recent developments concerning the finite element approximation of these equations, focusing on three relevant aspects: (a) stability and stabilisation; (b) hp-adaptive algorithms driven by residual-based a posteriori error bounds, capable of automatic variation of the granularity h of the finite element partition and of the local polynomial degree p; (c) complexity-reduction for high-dimensional transport-diffusion problems by stabilised sparse finite element methods.
Citation for Published Item: Use Policy Boundary Vector Cells in the Subiculum of the Hippocampal Formation

The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. " Boundary vector cells " were predicted to exist by computational models of the environmental inputs underlying the spatial firing patterns of hippocampal place cells (O'Keefe and Burgess, 1996; Burgess et al., 2000; Hartley et al., 2000). Here, we report the existence of cells fulfilling this description in recordings from the subiculum of freely moving rats. These cells may contribute environmental information to place cell firing, complementing path integrative information. Their relationship to other cell types, including medial entorhinal " border cells, " is discussed.
On the Semantics of Temporal Prepositions and Preposition Phrases

In this paper we investigate the compositional semantics of temporal preposition phrases in isolated English sentences, with particular emphasis on their quanti cational role. Our theory covers temporal preposition phrases with noun-phrase, sentential and preposition-phrase complements, and accounts naturally for quanti cation-restrictions and structural ambiguities occurring in sentences with multiple temporal preposition phrases, phenomena which, we argue, have not been adequately treated in the literature. One feature which contributes greatly to the uniformity of our theory is the use of generalized temporal quanti ers to serve as meanings for temporal noun phrases, temporal preposition phrases and sentences. This feature requires some changes to the usual semantics of sentences and their components.
Pattern formation in prey-taxis systems

In this paper, we consider spatial predator–prey models with diffusion and prey-taxis. We investigate necessary conditions for pattern formation using a variety of non-linear functional responses, linear and non-linear predator death terms, linear and non-linear prey-taxis sensitivities, and logistic growth or growth with an Allee effect for the prey. We identify combinations of the above non-linearities that lead to spatial pattern formation and we give numerical examples. It turns out that prey-taxis stabilizes the system and for large prey-taxis sensitivity we do not observe pattern formation. We also study and find necessary conditions for global stability for a type I functional response, logistic growth for the prey, non-linear predator death terms, and non-linear prey-taxis sensitivity.
An essential role for Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 GTPases in cell cycle progression through G1

Members of the Rho family of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) regulate the organization of the actin cytoskeleton; Rho controls the assembly of actin stress fibers and focal adhesion complexes, Rac regulates actin filament accumulation at the plasma membrane to produce lamellipodia and membrane ruffles, and Cdc42 stimulates the formation of filopodia. When microinjected into quiescent fibroblasts, Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 stimulated cell cycle progression through G1 and subsequent DNA synthesis. Furthermore, microinjection of dominant negative forms of Rac and Cdc42 or of the Rho inhibitor C3 transferase blocked serum-induced DNA synthesis. Unlike Ras, none of the Rho GTPases activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade that contains the protein kinases c-Raf1, MEK (MAPK or ERK kinase), and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase). Instead, Rac and Cdc42, but not Rho, stimulated a distinct MAP kinase, the c-Jun kinase JNK/SAPK (Jun NH2-terminal kinase or stress-activated protein kinase). Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 control signal transduction pathways that are essential for cell growth.
Analysis of non-crystallin lens fiber cell gene expression in c-Maf -/- mice.

PURPOSE To examine the role of the c-Maf transcription factor in the regulation of non-crystallin lens fiber cell specific gene expression. METHODS Expression of lens fiber cell genes in c-Maf null mice was analyzed by immunohistochemical and RT-PCR methods. In addition, the effect of c-Maf on fiber cell gene promoter fragments was examined in co-transfection experiments. RESULTS Examination of protein expression in c-Maf homozygous mutant mice revealed undetectable levels of CP49, CP115 and MIP protein. mRNA transcripts for these non-crystallin genes were observed at reduced levels in subsequent RT-PCR experiments. The co-transfection of a c-Maf expression construct with reporter constructs containing the proximal promoters of the CP49 and CP115 genes, the structural components of the lens fiber cell beaded filament, did not result in activation of reporter gene expression, as was observed with a crystallin promoter. CONCLUSIONS While c-Maf has been shown to play a critical role in lens specific expression of the numerous crystallin genes, it does not appear to regulate some non-crystallin fiber cell genes in the same manner. In contrast to most crystallin genes, detectable levels of CP49, CP115, and MIP transcripts are achieved in the absence of c-Maf. In co-transfection experiments, the CP49 and CP115 proximal promoter sequences were not activated by c-Maf. This suggests that increases in transcription of non-crystallin lens fiber cell genes can be enacted in a c-Maf independent fashion.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Psychrophilic Bacterium, Sphingomonas antarcticum, Isolated from the Soils of Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica

ABSTRACT We report the 4.5-Mbp genome sequences of Sphingobacterium antarcticum 4BY, a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from the soils of Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica. The draft genome of S. antarcticum strain 4BY consists of 4,566,318 bp with 40.4% G+C content, 4,234 protein coding genes, and 52 RNAs.
Enzymatic saccharification of cellulose in aqueous-ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphate-DMSO media

Ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphate ([Emim]DMP) was chosen as an environment-friendly solvent to enzymatically hydrolyze cellulose in situ. Under optimal reaction condition, 80.2 % of cellulose (10 mg mL−1) were converted to glucose in aqueous-IL-DMSO (φr = 74: 25: 1) media at 55°C in 18 h. Finally, fermentability of the recovered hydrolyzates was evaluated using Saccharomyces cerevisiae which is able to ferment hydrolyzates efficiently, the ethanol production was 0.44 g g−1 of glucose within 24 h of the process. Such information is vital for the saccharification of more complex cellulose materials and for the fermentation of hydrolyzates into biofuel.
Super-high-speed switched reluctance motor for automotive traction

This paper presents a Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) capable of running up to 50,000rpm whilst producing an output power of 60kW. The high speed operation allows for a smaller overall size, which in turn leads to lower manufacturing costs. It is demonstrated that, at very high speeds, merely shrinking the motor is not enough and certain mechanical considerations should be taken into account. A rotor with a flywheel type design that uses bolts to secure the laminations rather than feeding them onto a central shaft is introduced. Electromagnetic and mechanical simulation results for the motor are presented for key operating points, the results confirm that the stresses on the rotor in the proposed topology are below the yield strength of the material with a safety factor of 1.2. This combined with high output power might make a viable design for use in mass production hybrid electric vehicles.
A Physically Based Model to Simulate Orthopedic Surgery from 3D CT Image

The objective of this paper is to describe strategies for a physically based model to simulate setting bone surgery from 3D CT image with the finite element (FE) method. A patient's leg sample was selected and scanned by CT at the direction parallel to the Frankfort Horizontal plane. A three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of the human leg was developed using the actual geometry of the leg skeleton and soft tissues, which were obtained from 3D reconstruction of CT images. All joints were defined as contact surfaces, which allow relative articulating movement. The major ligaments were simulated using tension-only truss elements by connecting the corresponding attachment points on the bone surfaces. The bony and ligamentous structures were embedded in a volume of soft tissues. The muscles were defined as non-linear material, and the skin, ligaments and tendons were defined as hyperelastic, while the bony structures were assumed to be linearly elastic. The multilayer FEM model containing thighbone, tibia, fibula, kneecap, soft tissue was formed after meshing. Diverse forces were imposed on the FEM model to simulation reposition surgery. The results showed that the multilayer FEM model can represent tissue deformation more accurately.
A user-centric CPU-GPU governing framework for 3D games on mobile devices

Graphics-intensive mobile games are becoming increasingly popular, but such applications place high demand on device CPUs and GPUs. The design of current mobile systems results in unnecessary energy waste due to lack of consideration of application phases and user attention (a “demand-level” gap) and because each processor administers power management autonomously (a “processor-level” gap). This paper proposes a user-centric CPU-GPU governing framework which aims to reduce energy consumption without significantly impacting the user experience. To bridge the gap at the demand level, we identify the user demand at runtime and accordingly determine appropriate governing policies for the respective processors. On the other hand, to bridge the gap at the processor level, the proposed framework interprets the frequency scaling intents of processors based on the observation of the CPU-GPU interaction and the processor status. We implemented our framework on a Samsung Galaxy S4, and conducted extensive experiments with real-world 3D gaming apps. Experimental results showed that, for an application being highly interactive and frequent phase changing, our proposed framework can reduce energy consumption by 45.1% compared with state-of-the-art policy without significantly impacting the user experience.
Analysis of determination methods for characteristic timber properties as related to growth area and grade yield

Abstract The origin of the raw material is a key aspect for strength grading of timber. Large grading areas are favored by the sawmilling industry as they require less effort in handling and documentation during the production process. However, large growth areas can also cause problems, as too high mechanical properties can be declared or yields may become uneconomical. The presented study presents a method that should allow for timber from different countries to be combined into a single grading area. Additionally, the influence on the yield for guaranteeing timber properties for differently defined populations is analysed. In this process, a number of available calculation methods for characteristic values for modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and density are considered as the determination method also influences the final yield. Non-destructive and destructive test data from 8487 spruce specimens from Europe tested in bending or tension are the basis for the presented study. Based on the grading results the presented method is able to simply identify countries that may be combined. The definition of pan-European grading areas seems problematic if characteristic timber properties need to be guaranteed separately for each individual country as it may result in a severe drop in yield. However, checking timber properties only for the European population is unsatisfying as calculated timber properties considerably vary depending on the origin. As for the calculation method, the preferred method itself seems to have less impact on bending class assignments then on tension class assignments.
Recovery of Structured Signals With Prior Information via Maximizing Correlation

This paper considers the problem of recovering a structured signal from a relatively small number of noisy measurements with the aid of a similar signal which is known beforehand. We propose a new approach to integrate prior information into the standard recovery procedure by maximizing the correlation between the prior knowledge and the desired signal. We then establish performance guarantees (in terms of the number of measurements) for the proposed method under sub-Gaussian measurements. Specific structured signals including sparse vectors, block-sparse vectors, and low-rank matrices are also analyzed. Furthermore, we present an interesting geometrical interpretation for the proposed procedure. Our results demonstrate that if prior information is good enough, then the proposed approach can (remarkably) outperform the standard recovery procedure. Simulations are provided to verify our results.
The Association of Age and Race and the Risk of Large Bowel Polyps

Background: Blacks have a higher incidence of colorectal cancer and a younger age at diagnosis compared with whites. Few studies have investigated racial differences in risk of metachronous adenomas and serrated polyps and whether this risk differs by polyp characteristics or age of patient. Methods: We analyzed data pooled from three placebo-controlled adenoma chemoprevention trials to explore racial differences in the risk of large bowel polyps in patients ≤50 and >50 years of age. Using generalized linear regression, we estimated risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) as measures of the association between race and risk of one or more adenomas or serrated polyps after randomization. Results: Among the 2,605 subjects who completed at least one follow-up exam, blacks ≤50 years of age had a higher risk of any conventional adenoma (RR, 1.70; 95% CI, 0.99–2.92) and advanced neoplasms (RR, 4.05; 95% CI, 1.43–11.46) and a nonsignificantly lower risk of serrated polyps (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.34–1.62) compared with whites. Among patients >50 years, there was no racial difference in risk of adenomas (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.92–1.27) or advanced neoplasms (RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.71- 1.56). However, blacks had a significantly lower risk of serrated polyps (RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.49–0.87) than whites. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate a higher risk of metachronous adenomas in blacks compared with whites at younger ages. Impact: Our results suggest that the racial disparity in colorectal cancer incidence may be due to an excess of neoplasia in younger blacks. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(2); 448–53. ©2014 AACR.
Intrusion detection system by improved preprocessing methods and Naïve Bayes classifier using NSL-KDD 99 Dataset

Today Network is one of the very important parts of life and a lot of essential activities are performed using network. Network security plays critical role in real life situations. This paper presents a Data Mining method in which various preprocessing methods are involved such as Normalization, Discretization and Feature selection. With the help of these methods the data is preprocessed and required features are selected. Here Naïve Bayes classifier is used in supervised learning method which classifies various network events for the KDD cup'99 Dataset. This dataset is the most commonly used dataset for Intrusion Detection.
Phasor measurement units for the distribution grid: Necessity and benefits

High penetration levels of distributed energy resources (DER) and active loads in the distribution grid can change the traditional grid from a slower-changing radial network to a multi-source network with faster dynamics. Although overall system reliability and quality of supply can in principle be improved under this paradigm, new control and protection challenges could arise that may not be adequately addressed using the traditional approaches. The conventional control and management of the distribution grid where only voltage magnitudes are measured and utilized at the control center could undermine these new dynamics and may potentially lead to severe complications in grid operation. A system-wide dynamic analysis and control of the distribution grid therefore seems crucial for optimal system operation. This would require new phasor data, coming from Phasor Measurement Units (PMU), to be incorporated into the functions of Distribution Management System (DMS). This paper discusses the potential applications within the DMS that can benefit from PMU data.
Estimating cerebral microinfarct burden from autopsy samples

Objective: To estimate whole-brain microinfarct burden from microinfarct counts in routine postmortem examination. Methods: We developed a simple mathematical method to estimate the total number of cerebral microinfarcts from counts obtained in the small amount of tissue routinely examined in brain autopsies. We derived estimates of total microinfarct burden from autopsy brain specimens from 648 older participants in 2 community-based clinical-pathologic cohort studies of aging and dementia. Results: Our results indicate that observing 1 or 2 microinfarcts in 9 routine neuropathologic specimens implies a maximum-likelihood estimate of 552 or 1,104 microinfarcts throughout the brain. Similar estimates were obtained when validating in larger sampled brain volumes. Conclusions: The substantial whole-brain burden of cerebral microinfarcts suggested by even a few microinfarcts on routine pathologic sampling suggests a potential mechanism by which these lesions could cause neurologic dysfunction in individuals with small-vessel disease. The estimation framework developed here may generalize to clinicopathologic correlations of other imaging-negative micropathologies.
Virtual Walk-Through of Dunhuang Panorama-Based on Web

In order to provide virtual Dunhuang panorama browse (walk-through) on the web, we propose a hybrid technique which combines both remote image rendering and image compression transportation technique. In our approach, the server renders a partial panoramic view, which is based on the users viewpoint and last movements or sends image. The server then compress images, and streams the images to the client device, which will progressively build the panoramic representation of the scene. Furthermore, in order to enhance streaming performance and quality of the interaction, we propose to use a prediction of the users movements as well as a rate control mechanism within the virtual mural. In this paper we discuss our scheme for web-based remote rendering and streaming of progressive panoramas. Our results indicate clearly that the proposed solution is able to achieve stable frame rates and throughput in general network environment.