Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysing the importance of drill artists’ offline environment in the creation of violent online identities

ABSTRACT Drill, a sub-genre of hip-hop that emerged out of Chicago but is now a mainstay of United Kingdom youth street culture, often includes violent lyrics designed to antagonise rivals. This article draws on a longitudinal study with several drill artists to expand the academic understanding of this culture. Within this study, young people’s violent online personas are a response to inhabiting a social space that developed due to a nexus of factors, including social deprivation, a lack of informal guardianship and the rules of the online attention economy. This digital dynamic sees artists competing for viewers’ limited attention by producing exaggerated violent depictions to show cultural competence and embodied street capital as they vie for attention in an antagonistic continuum with other groups. As young people experience social spaces, not governed by the rules of the street, they often realise that their violent online persona’s utility is limited, leading to a rebranding of their digital self. The study concludes that young people’s involvement in online violence is usually a temporary response to the offline social spaces they inhabit. Attempts to address such activities should focus on young people’s offline and online experiences.
Direction of arrival estimation in the presence of distributed noise sources: Cumulant based approach

In the past few years there have been attempts to develop subspace methods for DoA (direction of arrival) estimation using a fourth‐order cumulant which is known to de‐emphasize Gaussian background noise. To gauge the relative performance of the cumulant MUSIC (MUltiple SIgnal Classification) (c‐MUSIC) and the standard MUSIC, based on the covariance function, an extensive numerical study has been carried out, where a narrow‐band signal source has been considered and Gaussian noise sources, which produce a spatially correlated background noise, have been distributed. These simulations indicate that, even though the cumulant approach is capable of de‐emphasizing the Gaussian noise, both bias and variance of the DoA estimates are higher than those for MUSIC. To achieve comparable results the cumulant approach requires much larger data, three to ten times that for MUSIC, depending upon the number of sources and how close they are. This is attributed to the fact that in the estimation of the cumulant, an avera.
Toward a Unified Formulation of the Kessler-Type Autoconversion Parameterizations

Rain is initiated in liquid water clouds by collision and coalescence of cloud droplets wherein larger droplets with higher settling velocities collect smaller droplets and become embryonic raindrops. Kessler (1969) proposed a simple parameterization that linearly relates the autoconversion rate to the cloud liquid water content, and this parameterization has been widely used in cloud-related modeling studies because of its simplicity. However, this simple parameterization leaves much to be desired, because it is well known that the autoconversion rate is a function of not only the liquid water content but also the cloud droplet number concentration and the spectral dispersion of the cloud droplet size distribution. Over the last several decades, much effort has been devoted to improving the original Kessler parameterization by including the effect of the droplet concentration as well as liquid water content (Manton and Cotton 1977; Tripion and Cotton 1980; Liou and Ou 1989; Baker 1993).
On the Independence and Identical Distribution of Points in Tennis

This article presents a study of the (conditional) probability of winning a point on service, based on almost 90,000 points played at Wimbledon, 1992-1995. We show that points are neither independent nor identically distributed, and we present an extended logit model that captures the dependence and non-identical distribution. Many well-known tennis hypotheses are tested; most are refuted.
Stochastic growth of waves over Earth's polar cap

Bursty waves with widely varying electric fields persist over a wide range of altitudes ∼ 2-7 RE at polar cap latitudes in Earth's inner magnetosphere. These “PF” waves have frequencies near expected values of the electron plasma frequency (PF), well below the electron gyrofrequency, and are believed to be generated by electron beams. Here it is demonstrated that stochastic growth theory (SGT) can account well for the detailed field statistics of the archetypal PF wave event, by showing that the observed distributions P(log E) of envelope electric fields E are well fitted by the lognormal function predicted by SGT. Weak evidence exists that a nonlinear wave process coexists with stochastic growth physics at large fields ≳ 1 mV m−1 on the basis of fits of the observed PM(log E) distribution to the SGT prediction that includes a nonlinear process at high fields and on the discovery of a class of low-frequency waves that may be produced by nonlinear decay of PF waves. An analytic model is developed for why the waves evolve to an SGT state, on the basis of waves driven by an electron beam in MHD density turbulence and the development of fluctuations in the electron beam due to wave growth occurring in localized regions. The model is viable for the polar cap plasma parameters considered, predicting that the wave burstiness should be of order that observed and that the beam fluctuations should have timescales ∼ 10 ms that are below current detection capabilities. SGT thus accounts well for the burstiness and wave statistics, as well as the persistence of the waves and driving distribution. The consistency of the PF wave statistics with SGT also implies the presence of local electron beams over much of the polar cap, whose source is currently unknown. This application brings to five the number of contexts in which SGT applies, suggesting that SGT is widely applicable in space plasmas.
A Clinicopathological Review of 203 Cases of Atypical Polypoid Adenomyoma of the Uterus

Objective: To provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of atypical polypoid adenomyoma (APA). Methods: This was a retrospective study of 203 APA patients from 2011 to 2021. The clinicopathological characteristics, treatments, and prognosis were analyzed. Results: The average age at diagnosis of APA patients was 39.30 ± 11.01 years, and premenopausal women accounted for 81.3%. Abnormal uterine bleeding or menorrhagia were the most common clinical manifestations of APA. The uterine fundus (78.3%), followed by the lower segment of the uterus (11.8%), was the most common location of the APA lesions. Abnormal blood vessels were seen on the surface of 28 APA tumors. APA can coexist with atypical endometrial hyperplasia (18.2%) and endometrial cancer (10.8%). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 99 samples. In the glandular component, ER (94.8%), PR (94.8%), Ki-67 (51.5%), p53 (45.6%), PTEN (18.8%), and mismatch repair proteins (96.4%) were positively expressed. Stromal immunophenotype expression was exhibited as follows: CD10-(89.5%), p16+(86.9%), h-caldesmon-(66.7%), Desmin+(75%), and Vimentin+(88.9%). Fifty-five APA patients received TCR, and 33 of them received adjuvant therapy after the operation. The postoperative recurrence rate (9.1% vs. 36.4%, p < 0.05) and malignant transformation rate (3.0% vs. 18.2%, p < 0.05) of the treated group were significantly lower than the untreated group. Conclusions: APA usually occurs in women of childbearing age, and the diagnosis is based on pathological morphology. APA has a low malignant potential, and those who have fertility requirements can undergo conservative TCR treatment, supplemented by progesterone treatment after surgery and close follow-up. Total hysterectomy is the treatment of choice for APA patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia around the lesion.
Postprocessing the Galerkin Method: The Finite-Element Case

A postprocessing technique, developed earlier for spectral methods, is extended here to Galerkin finite-element methods for dissipative evolution partial differential equations. The postprocessing amounts to solving a linear elliptic problem on a finer grid (or higher-order space) once the time integration on the coarser mesh is completed. This technique increases the convergence rate of the finite-element method to which it is applied, and this is done at almost no additional computational cost. The numerical experiments presented here show that the resulting postprocessed method is computationally more efficient than the method to which it is applied (say, quadratic finite elements) as well as standard methods of similar order of convergence as the postprocessed one (say, cubic finite elements). The error analysis of the new method is performed in L2 and in $L^\infty$ norms.
Hyperbolicity of the hydrodynamic model of plasmas under the quasi‐neutrality hypothesis

Collisionless and quasi-neutral hydrodynamic model of plasmas consisting of electrons and several species of ions are investigated. When two species of ions are considered, the hyperbolicity of the system of transport equations obtained in the quasi-neutrality limit leads to a restriction on the magnitude of the admissible relative velocities.
From hopping to ballistic transport in graphene-based electronic devices

This thesis describes electronic transport experiments in graphene from the hopping to the ballistic regime. The first experiment studies dual-gated bilayer graphene devices. By applying an electric field with these dual gates, we can open a band gap in bilayer graphene and observe an increase in resistance of over six orders of magnitude as well as a strongly non-linear behavior in the transport characteristics. A temperature-dependence study of resistance at large electric field at the charge neutrality point shows the change in the transport mechanism from a hopping dominated regime at low temperature to a diffusive regime at high temperature. The second experiment examines electronic properties of Bernal-stacked trilayer graphene. Due to the low mobility of trilayer graphene on SiO2 substrates, we employ hexagonal boron nitride as a local substrate to improve its mobility. This led us to observe a quantum Hall effect with multiple Landau level crossings, proving the coexistence of massless and massive Dirac fermions in Bernal-stacked trilayer graphene. From the position of these crossing points in magnetic field and electron density, we can deduce the band parameters used to model its band structure. At high magnetic field, we observe broken symmetry states via Landau level splittings as well as crossings among these broken-symmetry states.
Correlated Noise and Gain in Unfilled and Epoxy‐Underfilled Hybridized HgCdTe Detectors

Spatially correlated noise in focal plane arrays (FPAs) affects the photometric signal‐to‐noise ratio and can lead to overestimation of conversion gain (detector nodal capacitance). Capacitive coupling leads to charge sharing between neighboring pixels and correlates the measured pixel signal. This correlation can lead to image degradation, in particular for undersampled large survey telescopes. We present new comparative measurements of the interpixel coupling of 1.7 and 2.5 μm cutoff HgCdTe FPAs. Rockwell Scientific FPAs with epoxy underfill exhibit correlations that result in a 16%–20% systematic overestimation of the conversion gain. Results for a Raytheon Vision Systems 1.7 μm cutoff HgCdTe detector tested both before and after epoxy underfill show increased coupling in the presence of the epoxy, but the coupling is not spatially symmetric. We speculate that the difference in the observed correlation for each vendor is related to multiplexer geometry and pixel nodal capacitance.
A conference key distribution system based on the Lagrange interpolating polynomial

A conference key distribution system (CKDS) can provide a common secret communication key to a set of M stations. A CKDS based on Lagrange interpolating polynomial is introduced. It is easy to see that breaking this system is equivalent to break the Diffie-Hellman public-key distribution system. This conference key is selected by the conference chairstation and hidden in the Lagrange interpolating polynomial. Recovering this key by each participating station only requires M-1 multiplications and M-2 additions over a finite field GF(P). <<ETX>>
Removing invasive giant reed reshapes desert riparian butterfly and bird communities

Giant reed ( Arundo donax ) is a prevalent invasive plant in desert riparian ecosystems that threatens wildlife habitat. From 2008 to 2018, under a United States – Mexico partnership, prescribed burns and herbicide applications were used to remove giant reed and promote native revegetation along the Rio Grande — Río Bravo floodplain in west Texas, USA, and Mexico. Our goal was to explore the effects of the removal efforts on butterfly and bird communities and their habitat along the United States portion of the Rio Grande — Río Bravo floodplain in Big Bend National Park, Texas. During spring and summer, 2016 – 2017, we surveyed butterflies, birds, and their habitat using ground ‐ collected and remotely sensed data. Using a variety of generalized linear and N ‐ mixture modeling routines and multivariate analyses, we found that the initial giant reed removal efforts removed key components of riparian habitat leading to reduced butterfly and bird communities. Within several years following management, giant reed levels remained low, while riparian habitat conditions and butterfly and bird communities largely rebounded, including many disturbance ‐ sensitive butterfly species and riparian ‐ associated bird species. Butterflies were most consistently associated with forb and grass cover, and birds with a remotely sensed index of greenness (the normalized difference vegetation
Carbon Emission and Biodiversity of Arctic Soil Microbial Communities of the Novaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land Archipelagos

Cryogenic soils are the most important terrestrial carbon reservoir on the planet. However, the relationship between soil microbial diversity and CO2 emission by cryogenic soils is poorly studied. This is especially important in the context of rising temperatures in the high Arctic which can lead to the activation of microbial processes in soils and an increase in carbon input from cryogenic soils into the atmosphere. Here, using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, we analyzed microbial community composition and diversity metrics in relation to soil carbon dioxide emission, water-extractable organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon in the soils of the Barents Sea archipelagos, Novaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land. It was found that the highest diversity and CO2 emission were observed on the Hooker and Heiss Islands of the Franz Josef Land archipelago, while the diversity and CO2 emission levels were lower on Novaya Zemlya. Soil moisture and temperature were the main parameters influencing the composition of soil microbial communities on both archipelagos. The data obtained show that CO2 emission levels and community diversity on the studied islands are influenced mostly by a number of local factors, such as soil moisture, microclimatic conditions, different patterns of vegetation and fecal input from animals such as reindeer.
A linear stability analysis of tidally generated sand waves

A linear stability analysis is carried out to examine the initial stage of sand-wave growth under tidal flows and the occurrence of a preferred length scale. The fact that these bedforms typically have length scales small compared to the tidal excursion is exploited by adopting an asymptotic approach to solve the hydrodynamic part of the problem, i.e. to find the hydrodynamic response to an initially small bed perturbation. This method is shown to have important advantages over previously used methods, since it allows an exploration of the complete sand-wave regime (whereas other methods fail for short sand waves), and in general it is also more accurate. It is found that the selection of a preferred length scale depends mainly on only two parameters (the bed-slope coefficient, and the ratio of friction velocity to eddy viscosity), whereas there appears to be almost no dependence on the water depth.
Right coprime factorizations and stabilization for nonlinear systems

The problem of constructing right coprime factorizations (which are based on the graph of an input-output map instead of the Bezout identity) of nonlinear input-output maps is considered. The map is assumed to arise from a state variable realization with a fixed initial state. The main result is that the existence of a stabilizing state feedback implies the existence of a right coprime factorization for the map. The technique is illustrated by application to nonlinear systems which are affine in the control and have a controllable linear past and nonlinear systems which are feedback linearizable. A notion of input-output stability that requires a bound on the magnitude of the input signals is introduced. Methods of constructing such bounds are developed. For a locally feedback linearizable system, the problem of input bounds is transferred to the equivalent linear system. This leads to a technique that allows state and input constraints for a feedback linearizable system to be mapped to the equivalent linear system. >
Clinical Manifestation, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Diagnosis of Monkeypox Virus: A Comprehensive Review

Monkeypox virus is a double-stranded DNA virus species that causes disease in humans and mammals. It is a zoonotic virus belongs the genus Orthopoxviral, the family of Poxviridae, associated with the smallpox virus in many aspects. The first human case of monkeypox was reported throughout the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1970. In April 2022, several cases were recorded in widespread regions of Africa, the Northern and western hemispheres. The current review spotlights taxonomic classification, clinical presentations during infection, and the pathogenicity of the monkeypox virus in humans. Furthermore, the current review also highlights different diagnostics used for virus detection.
Adjuvant Vaccination with Allogenic Dendritic Cells Significantly Prolongs Overall Survival in High-Grade Gliomas: Results of a Phase II Trial

Simple Summary Among all intracranial tumors, 31.5% are malignant, and among those, glioblastomas account for 47%. Recently, our group reported the case of a patient with glioblastoma who underwent vaccination based on dendritic cells and experienced near-complete tumor remission. Here we report the results of a phase I/II prospective, non-controlled clinical trial with 37 patients harboring glioblastoma or grade 4 astrocytomas. Patients received monthly intradermal injections of allogenic dendritic cell vaccinations. The survival curves of the vaccinated populations were compared with patients from the GDC (Genomics Data Commons) database, which revealed that overall survival was 75% greater in the vaccinated glioblastoma group (16 to 28 months, hazard ratio 0.53) and 200% greater in the vaccinated astrocytoma grade 4 group (20 to 60 months, hazard ratio 0.18). Furthermore, seven patients remain alive to this day. We believe that the data reported here can foster the continued improvement of treatment protocols based on cellular immunotherapy. Abstract Immunotherapy for cancer treatment has gained increased attention in recent years. Recently, our group reported the case of a patient with glioblastoma who underwent vaccination based on dendritic cells and experienced a strong Th1 immune response together with near-complete tumor remission. Here we report the results of a phase I/II prospective, non-controlled clinical trial with 37 patients harboring glioblastoma or grade 4 astrocytomas. At the time of first recurrence after surgery, patients began receiving monthly intradermal injections of allogenic DC-autologous tumor cell hybridomas. Overall survival, quality of life, and immunological profiles were assessed prospectively. Compared with patients in the Genomic Data Commons data bank, overall survival for vaccinated patients with glioblastoma was 27.6 ± 2.4 months (vs. 16.3 ± 0.7, log-rank p < 0.001, hazard ratio 0.53, 95%CI 0.36–0.78, p < 0.01), and it was 59.5 ± 15.9 for vaccinated astrocytoma grade 4 patients (vs. 19.8 ± 2.5, log-rank p < 0.05, hazard ratio 0.18, 95%CI 0.05–0.62, p < 0.01). Furthermore, seven vaccinated patients (two IDH-1-mutated and five wild type) remain alive at the time of this report (overall survival 47.9 months, SD 21.1, range: 25.4–78.6 months since diagnosis; and 34.2 months since recurrence, range: 17.8 to 40.7, SD 21.3). We believe that the data reported here can foster the improvement of treatment protocols for high-grade gliomas based on cellular immunotherapy.
The conjugate gradient spectral iterative technique for planar structures

It is shown that using the spectral iterative technique (SIT) to solve the first-kind integral equation is equivalent to the Neumann iterative solution of a related second-kind integral equation. It is thus shown that SIT only converges when the norm of the operator in the second-kind equation is small enough. Applying a conjugate gradient technique to the second-kind equation results in a convergent iterative scheme. Some representative numerical results show a superiority in the rate of convergence of the conjugate gradient scheme for the second-kind equation (CGSIT-scheme) when compared with the convergence of the conjugate scheme for the original first-kind equation (CG-scheme). The CGSIT-scheme combines the advantages of the conjugate gradient method with those of the spectral iterative technique. >
‘Each person’s experience is different’: speech-language pathologists’ perspectives regarding their pathway to the Australian rural workforce

ABSTRACT In Australia, difficulty recruiting speech-language pathologists (SLPs) into the rural health workforce contributes to reduced accessibility of services and inequitable communication and swallowing outcomes in rural communities. This research explored the experiences and perspectives of speech-language pathology graduates from a regional university regarding their pathway to the rural health workforce. Using a qualitative research design involving semi-structured focus groups, the role and interaction of factors that influenced their rural pathway were examined. The study also investigated how the pathways of speech-language pathology graduates reflected and/or deviated from those identified within other health professions. Participants included eight graduates from a regional university. All participants were female, grew up in rural areas and worked rurally. Reflexive thematic analysis with an inductive approach was conducted to identify and analyze recurring patterns of meaning. Three key themes were identified: returning home and coming ‘full circle back’, ‘having [… the] opportunity’, and working in a team is ‘very important’. A key finding of this study was that connectedness to family, friends, partners, rural communities, supervisors, and other health professionals was strongly influential in participants’ pathway to the rural health workforce. This study also revealed individualized, unique interactions between factors and variations across life stages. The findings of this study suggest that providing accessible speech-language pathology education to rural students and providing quality support and professional development in workplaces may be beneficial in addressing current workforce shortages.