Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rye-Based Evening Meals Favorably Affected Glucose Regulation and Appetite Variables at the Following Breakfast; A Randomized Controlled Study in Healthy Subjects

Background Whole grain has shown potential to prevent obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Possible mechanism could be related to colonic fermentation of specific indigestible carbohydrates, i.e. dietary fiber (DF). The aim of this study was to investigate effects on cardiometabolic risk factors and appetite regulation the next day when ingesting rye kernel bread rich in DF as an evening meal. Method Whole grain rye kernel test bread (RKB) or a white wheat flour based bread (reference product, WWB) was provided as late evening meals to healthy young adults in a randomized cross-over design. The test products RKB and WWB were provided in two priming settings: as a single evening meal or as three consecutive evening meals prior to the experimental days. Test variables were measured in the morning, 10.5–13.5 hours after ingestion of RKB or WWB. The postprandial phase was analyzed for measures of glucose metabolism, inflammatory markers, appetite regulating hormones and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in blood, hydrogen excretion in breath and subjective appetite ratings. Results With the exception of serum CRP, no significant differences in test variables were observed depending on length of priming (P>0.05). The RKB evening meal increased plasma concentrations of PYY (0–120 min, P<0.001), GLP-1 (0–90 min, P<0.05) and fasting SCFA (acetate and butyrate, P<0.05, propionate, P = 0.05), compared to WWB. Moreover, RKB decreased blood glucose (0–120 min, P = 0.001), serum insulin response (0–120 min, P<0.05) and fasting FFA concentrations (P<0.05). Additionally, RKB improved subjective appetite ratings during the whole experimental period (P<0.05), and increased breath hydrogen excretion (P<0.001), indicating increased colonic fermentation activity. Conclusion The results indicate that RKB evening meal has an anti-diabetic potential and that the increased release of satiety hormones and improvements of appetite sensation could be beneficial in preventing obesity. These effects could possibly be mediated through colonic fermentation. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02093481
Bulgarian X-language Parallel Corpus

The paper presents the methodology and the outcome of the compilation and the processing of the Bulgarian X-language Parallel Corpus (Bul-X-Cor) which was integrated as part of the Bulgarian National Corpus (BulNC). We focus on building representative parallel corpora which include a diversity of domains and genres, reflect the relations between Bulgarian and other languages and are consistent in terms of compilation methodology, text representation, metadata description and annotation conventions. The approaches implemented in the construction of Bul-X-Cor include using readily available text collections on the web, manual compilation (by means of Internet browsing) and preferably automatic compilation (by means of web crawling ― general and focused). Certain levels of annotation applied to Bul-X-Cor are taken as obligatory (sentence segmentation and sentence alignment), while others depend on the availability of tools for a particular language (morpho-syntactic tagging, lemmatisation, syntactic parsing, named entity recognition, word sense disambiguation, etc.) or for a particular task (word and clause alignment). To achieve uniformity of the annotation we have either annotated raw data from scratch or transformed the already existing annotation to follow the conventions accepted for BulNC. Finally, actual uses of the corpora are presented and conclusions are drawn with respect to future work.
In vivo evaluation in cynomolgus monkey brain and metabolism of [18F]fluorodeprenyl: A new MAO‐B pet radioligand

In this study, we evaluated the in vivo characteristics of a new monoamine oxidase type B (MAO‐B) radioligand, [18F]fluorodeprenyl, by positron emission tomography (PET) in two cynomolgus monkeys. The brain uptake of [18F]fluorodeprenyl was more than 7% (600% SUV) of the total injected radioactivity and similar to that of [11C]deprenyl, an established MAO‐B radioligand. The highest uptake was observed in the striatum, one of the MAO‐B‐rich regions, with a peak at approximately 2–3 min after injection, followed by lower uptake in the thalamus and the cortex and lowest uptake in the cerebellum. Brain uptake of [18F]fluorodeprenyl was largely inhibited by preadministration of the MAO‐B inhibitor, L‐deprenyl, whereas clorgyline, a MAO Type A blocker, had no significant inhibitory effect, thus demonstrating selectivity for MAO‐B. [18F]Fluorodeprenyl showed relatively slow metabolism with the presence of two radiometabolite peaks with similar retention time as the labeled metabolites of [11C]deprenyl. These results suggest that [18F]fluorodeprenyl is a potential PET radioligand for visualization of MAO‐B activity. Synapse, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Key Derivation From Noisy Sources With More Errors Than Entropy

Fuzzy extractors (Dodis et al., Eurocrypt 2004) convert repeated noisy readings of a high-entropy secret into the same uniformly distributed key. To eliminate noise, they require an initial enrollment phase that takes the first noisy reading of the secret and produces a nonsecret helper string to be used in subsequent readings. This helper string reduces the entropy of the original secret—in the worst case, by as much as the logarithm of the number of tolerated error patterns. For many practical sources of secrets, reliability demands that the number of tolerated error patterns is large, making this loss greater than the original entropy of the secret. We say that such sources have more errors than entropy. Most known approaches for building fuzzy extractors cannot be used for such sources. We provide constructions of fuzzy extractors for large classes of sources with more errors than entropy. Our constructions exploit the structural properties of a source in addition to its entropy guarantees. Some are made possible by relaxing the security requirement from information-theoretic to computational. Reusable fuzzy extractors (Boyen, CCS 2004) remain secure even when the initial enrollment phase is repeated multiple times with the same or correlated secrets, producing multiple helper strings. By relying on computational security, we construct the first reusable fuzzy extractors that make no assumption about how multiple readings of the source are correlated.
METAL‐MATERIAL WORKERS AND LUNG CANCER IN JAPAN

The distribution by occupation of 39,255 lung cancer deaths in eight years, from 1960 to 1967, was analyzed. An age-standardized comparison of actual deaths and expected deaths revealed that cancer of the lung had tendency to occur with a significantly higher frequency in (1) metal material workers (Obs., 232; Exp., 176.5), and (2) workers in mining and quarrying occupations (Obs., 151; Exp., 127.9). By similar analysis, farmers, miners, and metal-material workers were noted as high-risk occupations for stomach cancer and clerical workers, and farmers were noted as such for leukemia. The value of occupational cancer in monitoring by such a simple analysis was stressed (see Figure 1).
Behavioral Problems in Relation to Peer Pressure among Adolescents

This study was conducted to study the behavioral problems and its relationship with peer pressure. The study was also aimed to study the gender differences. For this purpose, a sample of 200 adolescents (Boys: n=112 and Girls n=88) was selected from the different school of Amritsar city. Problem behavior checklist and the peer pressure inventory were used to assess the behavioral problems and peer pressure respectively. The findings of the study suggest that peer pressure has a significant relationship with behavioral problems. These findings also indicate that girls have shown problems of anxiety and withdrawal, whereas boys are more inflicted with conduct problems, problems of socialized aggression and motor tension excess. Boys are more under pressure in terms of peer involvement and misconduct, whereas girls are more under pressure for school involvement.
Characterization of SalmonellaAssociated with Pig Ear Dog Treats in Canada

ABSTRACT In the summer of 1999, the incidence of Salmonella enterica serotype Infantis infections in Alberta rose dramatically. Subsequent laboratory and epidemiological investigations established that an outbreak of human disease caused by this organism was occurring across Canada and was associated with pet treats for dogs produced from processed pig ears. Laboratory investigations using phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) established that isolates of Salmonella serotype Infantis from pig ear pet treats and humans exposed to pig ear pet treats comprised a well-defined subset of all isolates analyzed. Of the 53 subtypes ofSalmonella serotype Infantis obtained around the time of the outbreak as defined by PFGE and phage typing, only 6 subtypes were associated with both human infection and isolation from pig ears. Together with information from epidemiological studies, these investigations established pig ear pet treats as the cause of theSalmonella serotype Infantis outbreak. The results are consistent with a model in which contaminated pig ear pet treats constitute a long-term, continuing vehicle for infection of the human population rather than causing temporally delimited point-source outbreaks. During the course of this outbreak, several otherSalmonella serotypes were also isolated from pet treats, suggesting these products may be an important source of enteric infection in both humans and dogs. Though isolates ofSalmonella serotypes other thanSalmonella serotype Infantis from pet treats were also subjected to PFGE and phage typing, no link with human disease could be definitively established, and the contribution of pig ear pet treats to human disease remains unclear. Elimination of bacterial contamination from pet treats is required to reduce the risk of infection from these products.
Investigation of Placental Stem Villi Arteries in Fetally Growth-Restricted Pregnancies: A Multivariate Analysis

Thirteen placentas were studied from 5 normal pregnancies and 8 from pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction (4 with present, 3 with absent, and 1 with reversed end-diastolic velocities at Doppler interrogation of the umbilical arteries). On immunohistochemically stained slides, the diameter (d) and the wall thickness (t) of the arterial vasculature of the stem villi were measured for a total of approximately 10,000 vessels. A multivariate ‘mixed effect model’ statistical analysis was performed using d and t as dependent variables and gestational age, delivery mode, fetal and placental weight, the degree of vascular collapse and Doppler blood flow patterns as independent variables. Gestational age, Doppler pattern and the degree of vascular collapse significantly affected both d and t, the mode of delivery influenced d while fetal and placental weights scarcely affected the dependent variables. The above parameters should therefore be taken into account when investigating placental stem vessel morphometry.
Dystonia Arising from Occupations: The Clinical Phenomenology and Therapy

Dystonia is generally referred to belong to the generic terms, muscle spasm and muscle stiffness. Muscle spasms would be any involuntary abnormal muscle contraction, regardless of whether it is painful or not, that cannot be usually terminated by voluntary relaxation. Muscle stiffness is an involuntary muscle shortening that usually lasts for seconds to minutes, but may be sustained. Sustained muscle contraction may lead to posturing and even pain as seen in tetany, dystonia, spasticity, and contracture. Whereas tetany is brisk, short-lived, and associated with paresthesiae, dystonia is a slow, more sustained co-contraction of the agonist and antagonist muscles, that may characteristically be task-specific and abolished by “sensory tricks. ”(1)
Development of a highly-maneuverable unmanned underwater vehicle having an RF communication buoy

This paper presents an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) with high maneuverability to be controlled in strong tidal currents. A radio buoy is connected to the UUV with an intermediate cable, and a wireless RF modem is installed to communicate with a support vessel. This paper presents the design and development of the UUV and the buoy systems. The vehicle equips with two main thrusters and four vertical/ horizontal tunnel thrusters in the middle of the vehicle. This paper discusses the hydrodynamic characteristics of the multiple thrusters, and strategies to maneuver the UUV with multiple thruster. Finally this paper presents effectiveness of the UUV with the buoy in conducting a simulated object installation.
Minimizing the Energy Cost of Servers in Data Center Networks

To alleviate the growing concern of energy waste in networked devices, we propose an energy saving strategy in the "server-centric" data center network. Focusing on servers, we introduce a basic scheme based on the transition of automata. By changing efficiently from sleeping state to active state in different network traffic, servers save the energy. This scheme is self-adaptive and simple. Based on this prime scheme, we enhance the strategy by further taking advantage of the unique topology of BCube. We present a structure algorithm relying on the active substructure in BCube. Combining with the basic scheme and structure algorithm, our energy saving strategy can achieve a high proportion of energy saving without sacrificing service quality like packet delay in the simulation with real traffic trace.
Sleep-States-Transition Model by Body Movement and Estimation of Sleep-Stage-Appearance Probabilities by Kalman Filter

The judgment standards of R-K method include ambiguities and are thus compensated by subjective interpretations of sleep-stage scorers. This paper presents a novel method to compensate uncertainties in judgments by the subjective interpretations by the sleep-model estimation approach and by describing the judgments in probabilistic terms. Kalman filter based on the two sleep models with no body movement and with body movement was designed. Sleep stages judged by three different scorers were rejudged by the filter. The two sleep models were stochastically estimated from biosignals from 15 nights' data and the rejudged scores by the filter were evaluated by the data from 5 nights. The average values of kappa statistics, which show the degree of agreement, were 0.85, 0.89, and 0.81, respectively, for the original sleep stages. Because the new method provides probabilities on how surely the sleep belongs to each sleep stage, we were able to determine the most, second most, and third most probable sleep stage. The kappa statistics between the most probable sleep stages were improved to 0.90, 0.93, and 0.84, respectively. Those of sleep stages determined from the most and second most probable were 0.92, 0.94, and 0.89 and those from the most, second most, and third most probable were 0.95, 0.97, and 0.92. The sleep stages estimated by the filter are expressed by probabilistic manner, which are more reasonable in expression than those given by deterministic manner. The expression could compensate the uncertainties in each judgments and thus were more accurate than the direct judgments.
Protection of exploited fish in temperate regions: high density and biomass of snapper Pagrus auratus (Sparidae) in northern New Zealand marine reserves

Summary 1. The use of marine reserves as tools either for conservation or fisheries management requires rigorous empirical evidence for the recovery of exploited species within them. 2. The relative density and size structure of snapper Pagrus auratus (Sparidae), an intensively exploited reef fish species, were measured, using baited underwater video, inside and outside three northern New Zealand marine reserves (Leigh Marine Reserve, Hahei Marine Reserve and Tawharanui Marine Park) every 6 months from October 1997 to April 1999. 3. Log-linear modelling showed that relative total density and egg production of snapper were higher in all three reserves than in fished areas. Snapper that were larger than the minimum legal size were estimated to be 14 times denser in protected areas than in fished areas, and the relative egg production was estimated to be 18 times higher. In the Leigh reserve, legal-size snapper were larger than legal-size snapper in fished areas. 4. At the Leigh reserve, snapper density consistently peaked at the reserve centre and declined towards either boundary, which suggests that snapper became increasingly vulnerable to fishing towards the reserve boundaries. 5. Inshore snapper density was significantly higher in autumn than in spring, supporting previous suggestions that snapper make regular onshore‐offshore seasonal migrations that might be related to spawning. We suggest that the observed recovery of snapper populations within reserves is attributable to immigration of individuals from fished areas that take up residency within reserves, rather than juvenile recruitment. 6. Synthesis and applications. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of marine reserves for protecting an exploited species previously thought to be too mobile to respond to area-based protection. Although it is difficult to envisage significant enhancement of fished areas via adult emigration, it is likely that the reserves contribute significantly to local gamete production. In addition, the protection of fish populations within reserves might slow reductions in genetic diversity caused by size-selective mortality brought about by exploitation.
Position sensing wrists for industrial manipulators

Abstract : A new wrist design for an industrial manipulator is described that exhibits a range of compliant control. This is necessary for large industrial robots that experience a range of tool-lengths and pay-loads. The device has five and a half degrees of freedom and is structurally similar to a previous design by McCallion. Reinforced elastomeric spheres are used in the compliant platform of the unit. These display a monotonically increasing spring stiffness and can be adjusted using a pressurized fluid. Deflections in the wrist are measured using LVDT transducers. A dedicated microcomputer monitors the deflections and modifies robot sequences to correct for long-term errors in repetitive tasks. (Author)
Peroxynitrite mediates programmed cell death both in papillar cells and in self-incompatible pollen in the olive (Olea europaea L.)

Programmed cell death (PCD) has been found to be induced after pollination both in papillar cells and in self-incompatible pollen in the olive (Olea europaea L.). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) are known to be produced in the pistil and pollen during pollination but their contribution to PCD has so far remained elusive. The possible role of ROS and NO was investigated in olive pollen–pistil interaction during free and controlled pollination and it was found that bidirectional interaction appears to exist between the pollen and the stigma, which seems to regulate ROS and NO production. Biochemical evidence strongly suggesting that both O2˙− and NO are essential for triggering PCD in self-incompatibility processes was also obtained. It was observed for the first time that peroxynitrite, a powerful oxidizing and nitrating agent generated during a rapid reaction between O2˙− and NO, is produced during pollination and that this is related to an increase in protein nitration which, in turn, is strongly associated with PCD. It may be concluded that peroxynitrite mediates PCD during pollen–pistil interaction in Olea europaea L. both in self-incompatible pollen and papillar cells.
Gender differences in career planning and success

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it attempts to examine how employees’ career planning (CP) interacts with the quality of leader-member exchange (LMX) to explain subjective career success. Second, the authors investigate how the pattern of such interactions differs between male and female employees. Design/methodology/approach – To increase the generalizability, the study tested hypotheses in two studies whose data were collected in different national settings. Study 1 was designed to analyze 144 Korean employees and Study 2 investigated 140 Japanese employees. Both groups of employees worked for privately owned firms. Findings – The authors found a three-way interaction effect between gender, CP, and LMX quality in predicting subjective career success. As hypothesized, the positive relationship between quality of LMX and subjective career success was stronger for males with high CP, whereas for females such a stronger relationship was found for women with low CP. Research limitation.
Phase-field method for computationally efficient modeling of solidification with arbitrary interface kinetics.

We present mathematical results which dramatically enhance the computational efficiency of the phase-field method for modeling the solidification of a pure material. These results make it possible to resolve a smaller capillary length to interface thickness ratio and thus render smaller undercooling and three-dimensional computations accessible. Furthermore, they allow one to choose computational parameters to produce a Gibbs-Thomson condition with an arbitrary kinetic coefficient. The method is tested for dendritic growth in two dimensions with zero kinetic coefficient. Simulations yield dendrites with tip velocities and tip shapes which agree within a few percent with numerical Green{close_quote}s function solutions of the steady-state growth problem. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society. }
The subcutaneous implantable cardioverter and defibrillator: advantages, limitations and future directions

The totally subcutaneous implantable cardioverter and defibrillator (S-ICD) represents the most innovative development in implantable cardioverter and defibrillator therapy in the last 15 years. Its development arose out of concern for the long-term complications of transvenous devices. Clinical trials have shown that it is a safe and effective device for patients at risk of sudden cardiac death. The lack of transvenous and intracardiac components makes it an attractive choice for young patients, those with limited vascular access and increased infectious risk. Despite these advantages, the current S-ICD system has limitations, including the inability to deliver cardiac pacing. Future programming and technologic advancements have the opportunity to dramatically improve the efficacy and broaden the patient population treated with the S-ICD.