Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A review of viral gastroenteritis

Purpose of reviewSince Kapakian first identified a virus in the stool of a patient with diarrhoea in 1972, many viruses have been described that cause diarrhoea directly or indirectly. It is now appreciated that viruses are the most common cause of diarrhoeal illness worldwide. Although bacteria and other pathogens cause significant numbers of gastroenteritis, it is the viruses that are dealt with in this review. The viruses responsible will be discussed individually. Recent findingsRotavirus remains the leading cause of diarrhoeal disease overall, with the newly designated calicivirus family causing the most outbreaks in the industrialized nations. As diagnostic techniques improve, however, the importance of astrovirus and other previously under-reported pathogens is becoming more apparent and the number of viruses associated with gastroenteritis continues to increase. The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, arguably the most important emerging infection of recent years and a cause of significant gastrointestinal disease, is also discussed. SummaryNo effective treatments have been developed for viral gastroenteritis. Current efforts are targeted at the development of suitable vaccines and the implementation of infection control measures.
Experimental analyses of the relationship between semicircular canal morphology and locomotor head rotations in primates

Experimental Analyses of the Relationship Between Semicircular Canal Morphology and Locomotor Head Rotations in Primates by Michael David Malinzak Department of Biological Anthropology and Anatomy Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Richard F. Kay, Ph.D., Supervisor ___________________________ Matthew Cartmill, Ph.D. ___________________________ Kenneth E. Glander, Ph.D. ___________________________ Srinivasan Mukundan, Jr., Ph.D., M.D. An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Biological Anthropology and Anatomy in the Graduate School of Duke University
Stability and amplification in plastic cortical circuits

Keywords: cortex ; excitation/inhibition balance ; nonnormal dynamical systems ; stability ; amplification ; synaptic plasticity These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 5585 (2013)Programme doctoral NeurosciencesFaculte informatique et communicationsLaboratoire de calcul neuromimetique (SV/IC)Jury: C. Petersen (president), M.C. Gastpar, K. Harris, W. Senn Public defense: 2013-5-1 Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-5585Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2013-05-01, modified on 2017-05-12
Asymptomatic adnexal masses: correlation of FDG PET and histopathologic findings.

PURPOSE To analyze asymptomatic adnexal masses at positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in correlation with histopathologic findings and evaluate FDG PET for assessing malignancy in comparison with transvaginal B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-nine patients underwent static FDG PET of the abdomen. US scans were evaluated according to sonomorphologic scoring systems. Resistance index of tumor blood vessels was calculated. Transverse and sagittal T1-weighted MR images obtained before and after intravenous administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine with a fat-saturation technique and T2-weighted MR images were acquired at 1.5 T. Adnexal mass malignancy was first assessed with each modality and then with a combination of the three techniques. Final diagnosis was made with histopathologic evaluation. RESULTS FDG PET depicted seven of 12 malignant and 66 of 87 benign asymptomatic adnexal tumors. False-negative PET results were obtained in five of seven stage pT1a cystadenocarcinomas and tumors of low malignant potential but not in advanced-stage ovarian carcinomas. Small moderately intense FDG accumulations in the lower pelvis were caused by benign adnexal tumors or gastrointestinal activity in 21 of 27 cases. The overall sensitivities and specificities were 58% (95% CI: 27.7, 84.8) and 76% (95% CI: 65.5, 84.4), respectively, for FDG PET; 92% (95% CI: 61.5, 99.8) and 60% (95% CI: 48.7, 70.1), respectively, for US; 83% (95% CI: 51.6, 97.7) and 84% (95% CI: 74.5, 90.9), respectively, for MR imaging; and 92% (95% CI: 61.5, 99.8) and 85% (95% CI: 75.8, 91.8), respectively, for the combination of three modalities. CONCLUSION Since the sensitivity of US is as high as that of PET, MR imaging, and the combination of three modalities, it remains the method of choice for diagnosis and assessment of asymptomatic adnexal masses.
Molecular Basis of Metal-Ion Selectivity and Zeptomolar Sensitivity by CueR

The earliest of a series of copper efflux genes in Escherichia coli are controlled by CueR, a member of the MerR family of transcriptional activators. Thermodynamic calibration of CueR reveals a zeptomolar (10–21 molar) sensitivity to free Cu+, which is far less than one atom per cell. Atomic details of this extraordinary sensitivity and selectivity for +1transition-metal ions are revealed by comparing the crystal structures of CueR and a Zn2+-sensing homolog, ZntR. An unusual buried metal-receptor site in CueR restricts the metal to a linear, two-coordinate geometry and uses helix-dipole and hydrogen-bonding interactions to enhance metal binding. This binding mode is rare among metalloproteins but well suited for an ultrasensitive genetic switch.
The Efficacy of 0.75% Bupivacaine with ph Adjustment and Hyaluronidase for Peribulbar Blockade: The Incidence of Prolonged Ptosis

A prospective, double masked, randomised study was performed to compare the speed of onset of peribulbar anaesthesia using pH adjusted 0.75% bupivacaine, with and without the addition of hyaluronidase. No significant difference in speed of onset occurred due to the addition of hyaluronidase. There were 7 cases of post operative ptosis in the study group, including 1 case of orbital apex syndrome and 2 cases of transient 3rd nerve palsy. This incidence of post operative ptosis using pH adjusted 0.75% bupivacaine was statistically significantly greater than in a matched control group who received a 50:50 mixture of 1% lignocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine with hyaluronidase (p < 0.05). The possible causes of this increased incidence of post operative ptosis are discussed.
A Parallel Inertial Proximal Optimization Method

The Douglas-Rachford algorithm is a popular iterative method for finding a zero of a sum of two maximal monotone operators defined on a Hilbert space. In this paper, we propose an extension of this algorithm including inertia parameters and develop parallel versions to deal with the case of a sum of an arbitrary number of maximal operators. Based on this algorithm, parallel proximal algorithms are proposed to minimize over a linear subspace of a Hilbert space the sum of a finite number of proper, lower semicontinuous convex functions composed with linear operators. It is shown that particular cases of these methods are the simultaneous direction method of multipliers proposed by Stetzer et al., the parallel proximal algorithm developed by Combettes and Pesquet, and a parallelized version of an algorithm proposed by Attouch and Soueycatt.
Prevalence of reported sleeplessness in northern Norway in relation to sex, age and season

As part of a comprehensive population health survey in the municipality of Tromsø, north of the Arctic Circle, men between 20 and 54 years and women between 20 and 49 years were presented a questionnaire containing questions about sleeplessness and its possible association with season. Of the 14,667 respondents, 41.7% of the women and 29.9% of the men said they were sometimes bothered by insomnia. Insomnia not associated with any special time of the year was reported by 16.9% of women and 16.2% of men; insomnia in the "dark period" (midwinter insomnia) was reported by 17.6% of women and 9.0% of men; insomnia in the midnight‐sun period or in spring or autumn was much less common. Difficulty falling asleep was the most common type of insomnia, especially in winter and summer. Overall, the frequency of insomnia increased with increasing age, but with some notable differences with regard to type (initial insomnia showed little relation to age, whereas middle and late insomnia increased markedly with age) and seasonal type (insomnia in the midnight‐sun period decreased with age, whereas the other seasonal types increased with age).
Clinical competencies for the effective treatment of foster children

Despite a high level of documented mental health needs among children who have experienced foster care, research indicates that treatment outcomes are often disappointing. In order to improve outcomes, evidence-based treatments for attachment, trauma and behavioral difficulties are often promoted for this population. However, little research exists on whether or not those interventions effectively address the unique and complex mental health needs of many foster children. While a rather robust literature exists on foster children’s multifaceted difficulties, most treatments do not fully represent that range and complexity in their interventions. This article attempts to begin to fill that gap by outlining the knowledge and skills clinicians must acquire if they are to effectively treat foster children. Treatment of foster children should be seen as a subspecialty within the field of child mental health, and trainings that help clinicians gain more knowledge of foster children’s unique needs should be more available.
The TGF b-induced phosphorylation and activation of p 38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is mediated by MAP 3 K 4 and MAP 3 K 10 but not TAK 1

The signalling pathways downstream of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFb) family of cytokines play critical roles in all aspects of cellular homeostasis. The phosphorylation and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) has been implicated in TGFb-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis. The precise molecular mechanisms by which TGFb cytokines induce the phosphorylation and activation of p38 MAPK are unclear. In this study, I demonstrate that TGFb-activated kinase 1 (TAK1/MAP3K7) does not play a role in the TGFb-induced phosphorylation and activation of p38 MAPK in MEFs and HaCaT keratinocytes. Instead, RNAi-mediated depletion of MAP3K4 and MAP3K10 results in the inhibition of the TGFbinduced p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Furthermore, the depletion of MAP3K10 from cells homozygously knocked-in with a catalytically inactive mutant of MAP3K4 completely abolishes the TGFb-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, implying that among MAP3Ks, MAP3K4 and MAP3K10 are sufficient for mediating the TGFb-induced activation of p38 MAPK.
Analysis of rate constraints for MWF-based noise reduction in acoustic sensor networks

In an acoustic sensor network, consisting of spatially distributed microphone nodes, a significant noise reduction can be achieved using the centralized multi-channel Wiener filter (MWF), requiring all available microphone signals in the entire network. However the limited bandwidth of the communication link typically does not al low to transmit all microphone signals between the different nodes. Recently, a distributed node-specific MWF-based noise reduction scheme has been presented, where each node only transmits a filtered combination of its microphone signals. In this paper, the performance gain of the centralized MWF and the distributed node-specific MWF-based scheme are analyzed as a function of the available band width of the communication link.
Sensor localization algorithms in underwater wireless sensor networks

Currently several kinds of sensor localization methods have been developed for terrestrial wireless sensor networks. In this paper, in order to extend the field to underwater environments, we study sensor localization technique for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). In underwater environments, radio frequency (RF) signal is not suitable for underwater usage because of extremely limited propagation. Because of that reason UWSNs should be constituted with acoustic modems. So we need a new localization algorithm to determine each sensors position. First of all we study the localization techniques for terrestrial environments where we investigate possible methods to underwater environment. And then we present the appropriate algorithm in the underwater usage. Finally we evaluate the underwater based localization algorithm using computer based different conditions among communication range of sensor node, the nodes number and position of reference node.
Gestural Dimension of the Perceptuomotor Compatibility Effect in the Speech Domain

This behavioral study shows for the first time that the auditory perception of vowels influences silent labial responses. During a perceptual decision task, participants were instructed to choose and execute a silent labial response (lip protrusion versus chin lowering) as quickly as possible depending on the vowel they had perceived auditorily. The main result showed that gestural compatibility between the silent labial response and the articulation of the perceived vowel led to better performance (in terms of response times and errors) than an incompatibility between them. By including a somatic compatibility effect in a more dynamic gestural compatibility effect, this new result suggests that the role of motor activity during speech auditory perception lies in mentally simulating an articulation of the perceived phoneme.
A fast algorithm for classification based on association rules

In this paper, we propose a new method for mining class-association rules using a tree structure. Firstly, we design a tree structure for storing frequent itemsets of datasets. Some theorems for pruning nodes and computing information in the tree are then developed. We then propose an efficient algorithm for mining CARs based on them. Experimental results show that our approach is more efficient than those used previously.
Amplified Gene Location in Chromosomal DNA Affected Recombinant Protein Production and Stability of Amplified Genes

Previously, we established an easy and quick construction method for obtaining a stable and highly productive gene‐amplified recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. With a gradual increase in methotrexate (MTX) concentration, gene‐amplified cell pools had high and stable specific growth and production rates. Moreover, the phenotype of gene‐amplified cells seemed to be affected by the location of the amplified gene in chromosomal DNA. We suspected that various kinds of gene‐amplified cells might appear during the long‐term selection to construct gene‐amplified cell pools. To clarify the behavior of gene‐amplified cell pools during a stepwise increase of MTX concentration, we isolated gene‐amplified clones derived from gene‐amplified cell pools. We compared the characteristics of isolated clones, such as the productivity of recombinant protein, stability of amplified genes, and the location of amplified genes. As a result, telomere‐type clones, in which the amplified gene was located near the telomeric region, were found to be more stable and productive than other types of clones. Telomere‐type clones had over 100 copies of amplified genes in the chromosomal DNA. In contrast, a large number of other types of clones had less than 10 copies of amplified genes. During long‐term cultivation in the absence of MTX, in other types of clones, amplified genes rapidly decreased in the chromosomal DNA.
A influência das emoções nas falsas memórias: uma revisão crítica

En este articulo se revisaran los estudios sobre la influencia de las emociones sobre el funcionamiento de la memoria y, en particular, la produccion de falsos recuerdos. Los falsos recuerdos son un tipo de distorsion, que son la memoria acerca de acontecimientos que nunca se produjieron. Las emociones son descritas por las dimensiones de valencia y excitacion. Numerosos estudios han sugerido que la valencia y alerta pueden beneficiar la memoria por distintos procesos cognitivos y mecanismos neuronales. Ya la investigacion sobre la influencia de las emociones en la produccion de falsos recuerdos es todavia incipiente, y difiere en sus resultados. El objetivo principal del presente articulo sera el debate metodologico de la investigacion que relaciona las emociones con los falsos reconocimientos, y las explicaciones teoricas que se han producido para dar cuenta de este fenomeno. Por ultimo, presentamos algunas sugerencias para futuros estudios, y el estado actual de la investigacion desarrollada en Brasil acerca de esta tematica.
Multiplex sequencing of bacterial artificial chromosomes for assembling complex plant genomes

Summary Hierarchical shotgun sequencing remains the method of choice for assembling high‐quality reference sequences of complex plant genomes. The efficient exploitation of current high‐throughput technologies and powerful computational facilities for large‐insert clone sequencing necessitates the sequencing and assembly of a large number of clones in parallel. We developed a multiplexed pipeline for shotgun sequencing and assembling individual bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) using the Illumina sequencing platform. We illustrate our approach by sequencing 668 barley BACs (Hordeum vulgare L.) in a single Illumina HiSeq 2000 lane. Using a newly designed parallelized computational pipeline, we obtained sequence assemblies of individual BACs that consist, on average, of eight sequence scaffolds and represent >98% of the genomic inserts. Our BAC assemblies are clearly superior to a whole‐genome shotgun assembly regarding contiguity, completeness and the representation of the gene space. Our methods may be employed to rapidly obtain high‐quality assemblies of a large number of clones to assemble map‐based reference sequences of plant and animal species with complex genomes by sequencing along a minimum tiling path.
Disturbed structural connectivity is related to inattention and impulsivity in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Inattention and impulsivity are the most prominent clinical features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood. Structural and functional neuroimaging studies of subjects with ADHD have demonstrated abnormalities in several brain areas, including fronto‐striatal and fronto‐cerebellar networks. Mostly, these studies were based on volumetric measurements and have been conducted in children. We investigated white matter (WM) integrity and correlation with measures of attention and impulsivity in adult patients with ADHD adopting diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). N = 37 (21 males) never‐medicated adult patients with ADHD combined subtype and N = 34 (16 males) healthy controls were investigated. ADHD diagnosis (DSM‐IV) was assessed with clinical interviews and rating scales, subjects also underwent a large neuropsychological test battery including tests of attention and impulsivity. DTI was acquired, and group differences of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) as well as correlation analyses with measures of attentional performance and impulsivity were calculated using voxel‐based analyses. In adult patients with ADHD, we found reduced FA as well as higher MD bilaterally in orbitomedial prefrontal WM and in the right anterior cingulate bundle, while elevated FA was present bilaterally in temporal WM structures. Measures of attention were correlated with DTI parameters in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus, whereas measures of impulsivity were correlated with FA in right orbitofrontal fibre tracts. This is the first DTI study demonstrating disturbed structural connectivity of the frontal‐striatal circuitry in adult patients with ADHD. Moreover, a direct correlation between WM integrity and measures of attention and impulsivity is shown.
Generating Object-Oriented and Aspect-Oriented Sequence based Test Cases with Optimum Code Coverage

Code coverage analysis holds a very important role in software testing procedure. By the test case runs it provides developers by means to quantify of how well their source code is being exercised. By detecting errors/bugs in the code it estimates the efficiency of the test. We must implement a systematic way and support the theoretical bases for testing the programs with the purpose of performing effective software testing and coverage analysis. In our research we use the crossword application where we automatically make test cases and systematically discover the impact of context, as captured by criterion functions which we described in our source code. Our studying demonstrates that by increasing the event combinations tested and by organizing the comparative positions of events defined by the new criteria, we can become aware of a large number of faults that were undetectable by earlier techniques. In this paper we are implementing the event based test case generation by the use of object oriented and aspect oriented event based test case generation. Before this we have used the GUI based test case generation as an existing work. The experimental result shows that our proposed work test case generation process providing better code coverage range when compared with the existing work.
Shaping the Education Policy Dialogue

One important hallmark of William Lowe Boyd’s scholarship was his uncanny ability to identify and articulate changes in the key ideas that shape and reshape scholarly, professional, and public discussions of educational policy and politics. Whether one thinks about debates over centralization and decentralization of policy control, changes in institutional theory, growth in market-oriented decision making, application of rational choice theory to education, attention to integrated children’s services, or any of a dozen or more other core ideas, Bill Boyd persistently grasped the importance of changing concepts and regularly pointed other scholars to their implications. In the final months of his life, he started to sketch out a reprise of the fundamental and often surprising changes in education politics and policy that have transformed American public education in the six decades since 1950. He had unfinished notes for a book dealing with this review at the time of his death, and graciously shared these notes with some of us who had been his colleagues and coauthors. With those notes in hand, and urged on by Dr. Lora Cohen-Vogel, then president of the Politics of Education Association, Doug Mitchell (University of California, Riverside), Bob Crowson (Vanderbilt University), and Dorothy Shipps (Baruch College, City University of New York) set about to complete the book outline, recruit coauthors to research and write for it, and secure a publisher. The result is a 2011 volume titled Shaping Education Policy: Power and Process, published by the Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. Twenty scholars contributed to this work, combining the mature perspectives of senior politics and policy scholars and the fresh insights of newcomers to the field. In his notes, Bill Boyd pointed out that since 1950 the core concepts used to describe and debate American education policy options had sharply shifted