Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Soybean Meal and Soluble Starch on Biogenic Amine Production and Microbial Diversity Using In vitro Rumen Fermentation

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soybean meal (SM) and soluble starch (SS) on biogenic amine production and microbial diversity using in vitro ruminal fermentation. Treatments comprised of incubation of 2 g of mixture (expressed as 10 parts) containing different ratios of SM to SS as: 0:0, 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, or 0:10. In vitro ruminal fermentation parameters were determined at 0, 12, 24, and 48 h of incubation while the biogenic amine and microbial diversity were determined at 48 h of incubation. Treatment with highest proportion of SM had higher (p<0.05) gas production than those with higher proportions of SS. Samples with higher proportion of SS resulted in lower pH than those with higher proportion of SM after 48 h of incubation. The largest change in NH3-N concentration from 0 to 48 h was observed on all SM while the smallest was observed on exclusive SS. Similarly, exclusive SS had the lowest NH3-N concentration among all groups after 24 h of incubation. Increasing methane (CH4) concentrations were observed with time, and CH4 concentrations were higher (p<0.05) with greater proportions of SM than SS. Balanced proportion of SM and SS had the highest (p<0.05) total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) while propionate was found highest in higher proportion of SS. Moreover, biogenic amine (BA) was higher (p<0.05) in samples containing greater proportions of SM. Histamines, amine index and total amines were highest in exclusive SM followed in sequence mixtures with increasing proportion of SS (and lowered proportion of SM) at 48 h of incubation. Nine dominant bands were identified by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and their identity ranged from 87% to 100% which were mostly isolated from rumen and feces. Bands R2 (uncultured bacterium clone RB-5E1) and R4 (uncultured rumen bacterium clone L7A_C10) bands were found in samples with higher proportions of SM while R3 (uncultured Firmicutes bacterium clone NI_52), R7 (Selenomonas sp. MCB2), R8 (Selenomonas ruminantium gene) and R9 (Selenomonas ruminantium strain LongY6) were found in samples with higher proportions of SS. Different feed ratios affect rumen fermentation in terms of pH, NH3-N, CH4, BA, volatile fatty acid and other metabolite concentrations and microbial diversity. Balanced protein and carbohydrate ratios are needed for rumen fermentation.
Automated dictionary extraction for “knowledge-free” example-based translation

An Example-Based Machine Translation system is supplied with a sentencealigned bilingual corpus, but no other knowledge sources. Using the knowledge implicit in the corpus, it generates a bilingual word-for-word dictionary for alignment during translation. With such an automatically-generated dictionary, the system covers (with equivalent quality) more of its input on unseen texts than the same system does when provided with a manually-created general-purpose dictionary and other knowledge sources.
‘Asymmetric revelation’ effect: The influence of an increased number of photos on mental imagery and behavioural responses depending on target market

There has been little research exploring the effect of the number of photographs used to present a product, and the studies that have been carried out relate to experiments with a reduced number of non-informative photos. This article provides a first field study conducted on 3,658 real estate ads and shows that an increase in the number of photos decreases favourable behavioural responses for lower range properties, but has no effect in the case of higher range properties. This result is replicated and explained in an experimental study: for lower range properties, the addition of photos deteriorates the valence of mental images, decreases mental self-imagery and increases perceived worry. These variables explain the negative effect of the number of photos on behavioural responses. However, for higher range properties, the addition of photos – informative or not – does not improve behavioural responses. This ‘asymmetric revelation’ effect depending on the segment of the property market being targeted is discussed.
Workload-Driven Antijoin Cardinality Estimation

Antijoin cardinality estimation is among a handful of problems that has eluded accurate efficient solutions amenable to implementation in relational query optimizers. Given the widespread use of antijoin and subset-based queries in analytical workloads and the extensive research targeted at join cardinality estimation—a seemingly related problem—the lack of adequate solutions for antijoin cardinality estimation is intriguing. In this article, we introduce a novel sampling-based estimator for antijoin cardinality that (unlike existent estimators) provides sufficient accuracy and efficiency to be implemented in a query optimizer. The proposed estimator incorporates three novel ideas. First, we use prior workload information when learning a mixture superpopulation model of the data offline. Second, we design a Bayesian statistics framework that updates the superpopulation model according to the live queries, thus allowing the estimator to adapt dynamically to the online workload. Third, we develop an efficient algorithm for sampling from a hypergeometric distribution in order to generate Monte Carlo trials, without explicitly instantiating either the population or the sample. When put together, these ideas form the basis of an efficient antijoin cardinality estimator satisfying the strict requirements of a query optimizer, as shown by the extensive experimental results over synthetically-generated as well as massive TPC-H data.
Improvement of Corrosion Resistance of Steels by Surface Modification

The corrosion of metals is a destructive process regarding to the basic modern constructional material with a great importance for the nowadays industry and in many cases represents an enormous economic loss. Therefore, it is not a surprise that the research on the corrosion and corrosion protection of metallic materials is developed on a large scale in different directions and a wide range of engineering decisions. For all that, the improvement of corrosion behaviour of metals and alloys still stays as one of the most important engineering problems in the area of materials application and it is one of the fundamental parts of modern surface engineering.
Note: Information Theory, Axiomatic Foundations, Connections to Statistics

There was a question today in lecture about how to " derive " entropy and information theory. This (optional) note elaborates on my answer. There are a number of approaches to justifying the use of the entropy formula H[X] = − x Pr (X = x) log 2 Pr (X = x) and the information formula for our purposes. 1. Pragmatic. Mathematically, this set of ideas lets us prove nice and interesting theorems, and empirically doing things like feature-selection by means of information content leads to good results. 2. Analogical. The entropy formula appears in statistical physics, where it measures (roughly speaking) the number of ways you can arrange molecules into configurations with given macroscopic properties (the probability distribution). One could think of this as something like the uncertainty in the molecular configuration. Of course, there are many analogies one could make, so the use of any particular analogy has to be justified by something else. 3. Theoretical unification. Though I did not go into this, it's possible to re-frame large parts of ordinary statistics, like maximum likelihood estimation and Bayesian updating, with an information-theoretic vocabulary. This is essentially because the entropy is the expected value of the log-likelihood under the true model. (More on this below.) Of course, there are many conceptual frameworks within which you could unify different bits of applied math, so the use of any particular set of unifying concepts and terms needs to be justified by something else.
Anomaly Detection Using Motion Patterns Computed from Optical Flow

A method is proposed for detecting anomalies in extremely crowded scenes using analysis of motion patterns. The optical flow is computed by initializing the video as a dynamical system. Optical flow is a vector field where each vector represents the direction and amount of motion. This generated model can be used to define trajectories. Then these trajectories are clustered hierarchically using spatial and temporal information for learning the motion patterns. Based on the learned statistical motion patterns, anomalies are detected using statistical methods.
Surprising Consequences of Simple Privacy Protection Method

The development of the Internet is sustainable because of existing business models. Among them one of the most common is currently pay-per-click which is based on recording users' behaviors (in particular clicks but it may also be actions) and charging advertisers according to this information. On the other hand registering users clicks causes a serious threat for privacy. Additionally part of this business process is conducted outside an environment that can be controlled by organization and, thus, increases uncertainty of the whole solution. In this paper we propose a simple privacy protection method which prevent advertising companies form recording users' click and, thus, as a side effect break the corresponding business process. This method can be use on a voluntarily basis but also as the XSS-based attack against particular companies (e.g. these considered by activists as bad behaving). We show a method to estimate potential losses for global advertising company as the cause of this attack. Although it is very difcult to counteract this type of attack we have proposed some actions which can be taken to monitor and, to some extend, limit possible losses. We also consider a use of external intermediary who may help convince user that they clicks are not traced.
Environmental Management in Arid Regions:The Question of Water

Only recently have water ethics received focused interest in the international water community. Because water is metabolically basic to life, an ethical dimension persists in every decision related to water. Water ethics at once express human society’s approach to water and act as guidelines for behaviour. Ideas around water are often implicit and embedded as assumptions. They can be entrenched in behaviour and difficult to contest because they are difficult to “see”. By explicitly revealing the ethical ideas underlying water-related decisions, human society’s relationship with water, and with natural systems of which water is part, can be contested and shifted or be accepted with conscious intention by human society. In recent decades, improved understanding of water’s importance for ecosystem functioning and ecological services for human survival is moving us beyond this growth-driven, supplyfocused management paradigm. Environmental ethics challenge this paradigm by extending the ethical sphere to the environment and thus water or water Resources management per se. An ethical approach is a legitimate, important, and often ignored approach to effect change in environmental decision making. This qualitative research explores principles of water ethics and examines the underlying ethical precepts of selected water policy examples. The constructed water ethic principles act as a set of criteria against which a policy comparison can be established. This study shows that water Resources management is a progressive issue by embracing full public participation and a new planning model, and knowledgegeneration initiatives. Keywords—water resources, environmental management, public participation.
Magnetic and Photo-Physical Properties of Lanthanide Dinuclear Complexes Involving the 4,5-Bis(2-Pyridyl-N-Oxidemethylthio)-4′,5′-Dicarboxylic Acid-Tetrathiafulvalene-, Dimethyl Ester Ligand

The reaction between the 4,5-bis(2-pyridyl-N-oxidemethylthio)-4′,5′-dicarboxylic acid-tetrathiafulvalene-, dimethyl ester ligand (L) and the metallo-precursors Ln(hfac)3·2H2O leads to the formation of two dinuclear complexes of formula [Ln2(hfac)6(L)]·(CH2Cl2)·(C6H14)0.5 (LnIII = DyIII (1) and YbIII (2)). The X-ray structure reveals a quite regular square anti-prism symmetry for the coordination sphere of the lanthanide ion. UV-visible absorption properties have been experimentally measured and rationalized by TD-DFT calculations. The functionalization of the tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) core by two methyl ester moieties induces the appearance of an additional absorption band in the lowest-energy region of the spectrum. The latter has been identified as a HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital)→LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) Intra-Ligand Charge Transfer (ILCT) transition in which the HOMO and LUMO are centred on the TTF and methyl ester groups, respectively. Irradiation at 22,222 cm−1 of this ILCT band induces an efficient sensitization of the YbIII-centred emission that can be correlated to the magnetic properties.
Community structure of cortical networks in spinal cord injured patients

In the present study, we estimated the cortical networks were from high-resolution EEG recordings in a group of spinal cord injured patients and in a group of healthy subjects, during the preparation of a limb movement. Then, we use the Markov Clustering method to analyse the division of the network into community structures. The results indicate large differences between the injured patients and the healthy subjects. In particular, the networks of spinal cord injured patient exhibited a higher density of clusters. In the Alpha (7–12 Hz) frequency band, the two observed largest communities were mainly composed by the cingulate motor areas with the supplementary motor areas, and by the pre-motor areas with the right primary motor area of the foot. This functional separation could reflect the partial alteration in the primary motor areas because of the effects of the spinal cord injury.
Two-Dimensional Radio Frequency Tomography

A new formalism for scalar tomographic inversion is developed for two-dimensional radio frequency tomography. A least squares minimization of the difference between predicted and measured data is performed in order to obtain the lossless permittivity distribution. The novelty of the method is twofold. First, a multifrequency near-field two-dimensional scattering forward problem is solved via Richmond's moment method. Second, the tomographic inversion is regularized using a roughness constraint on the model permittivity. The algorithm has been tested with synthetic data. The experimental setup for acquiring the relevant data in a real-world application (viz. in situ testing of lumber quality) is under development. It is anticipated that the algorithm will work equally well on the experimental data. In the tests, the relative lossless permittivity was determined from synthetic scattered multifrequency transverse magnetic data, which had been corrupted by additive Gaussian noise. The method was able to recover the location and magnitude of permittivity anomalies without immersing the target prism in a matching fluid
Aspects of Digital Waveguide Networks for Acoustic Modeling Applications

This paper collects together various facts about digital waveguide networks (DWN) used in acoustic modeling, particularly results pertaining to lossless scattering at the junction of N intersecting digital waveguides. Applications discussed include music synthesis based on physical models and delay effects such as artificial reverberation. Connections with Wave Digital Filters (WDF), ladder/lattice digital filters, and other related topics are outlined. General conditions for losslessness and passivity are specified. Computational complexity and dynamic range requirements are addressed. Both physical and algebraic analyses are utilized. The physical interpretation leads to many of the desirable properties of DWNs. Using both physical and algebraic approaches, three new normalized ladder filter structures are derived which have only three multiplications per two-port scattering junction instead of the four required in the well known version. A vector scattering formulation is derived which maximizes generality subject to maintaining desirable properties. Scattering junctions are generalized to allow any waveguide to have a complex wave impedance which is equivalent at the junction to a lumped load impedance, thus providing a convenient bridge between lumped and distributed modeling methods. Junctions involving complex wave impedances yield generalized scattering coefficients which are frequency dependent and therefore implemented in practice using digital filters. Scattering filters are typically isolable to one per junction in a manner analogous to the multiply in a one-multiply lattice-filter section. ∗http://ccrma.stanford. edu/
Performance and Energy Trade-Offs of Bitline Isolation in Nanoscale CMOS Caches

High-performance cache architectures always pull up the bitlines in all cache subarrays to hide the bitline charging latency prior to a cache access. Unfortunately, such architectures lead to significant bitline discharge in unaccessed subarrays in nanoscale CMOS caches and waste power. Recent proposals advocate bitline isolation to reduce bitline discharge in unaccessed subarrays by turning off precharge devices located between the supply voltage and bitlines in these subarrays. Many of these proposals tacitly assume that on-demand precharging of isolated bitlines can be overlapped with address decoding and hidden from the cache access latency. Moreover, they assume that the energy overhead of switching precharge devices is insignificant. In this paper, we carefully investigate the performance and energy impact of bitline isolation and show that these tacit assumptions are not true in the following senses: (1) Precharging isolated bitlines cannot be overlapped with address decoding and lies on the cache access critical path in both current and future CMOS technologies. Therefore, early precharging is necessary for isolated bitlines to avoid prohibitively impacting cache access latency. (2) The energy overhead of switching the precharge devices in current (i.e., 130nm) CMOS technologies is prohibitively high and nearly offsets the bitline isolation’s energy saving. Fortunately, the switching overhead decreases with decreasing feature sizes because the precharging devices and bitlines tend to shrink for smaller feature sizes.
Theory of Schizophrenia: Comments

Since Gregory Bateson and his co-workers presented their double-blind theory of the aetiology of schizophrenia in the 1950s, no grand comprehensive theory of the disorder has appeared. The double-blind theory was never accepted by the worldwide psychiatric community, and empirical research during the 1970s gave no support to it. In recent years, psychiatrists have focused attention on limited aspects of the illness, and mini-theories have flourished, but this tendency has been typical for the social sciences in general. Therefore, it is refreshing to have two attempts to integrate biological, psychological, and social viewpoints. But have these succeeded?
Association between HLA Variations and Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Saudi Arabian Patients

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of liver diseases including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) play an important role in the regulation of immune response against infectious organisms, including HBV. Recently, several genome-wide association (GWAS) studies have shown that genetic variations in HLA genes influence disease progression in HBV infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of HLA genetic polymorphisms and their possible role in HBV infection in Saudi Arabian patients. Variations in HLA genes were screened in 1672 subjects who were divided according to their clinical status into six categories as follows; clearance group, inactive carriers, active carriers, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and uninfected healthy controls. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) belonged to HLA-DQ region (rs2856718, rs7453920 and rs9275572) and two SNPs belonged to HLA-DP (rs3077 and rs9277535) were studied. The SNPs were genotyped by PCR-based DNA sequencing (rs2856718) and allele specific TaqMan genotyping assays (rs3077, rs7453920, rs9277535 and rs9275572). The results showed that rs2856718, rs3077, rs9277535 and rs9275572 were associated with HBV infection (p = 0.0003, OR = 1.351, CI = 1.147–1.591; p = 0.041, OR = 1.20, CI = 1.007–1.43; p = 0.045, OR = 1.198, CI = 1.004–1.43 and p = 0.0018, OR = 0.776, CI = 0.662–0.910, respectively). However, allele frequency of rs2856718, rs7453920 and rs9275572 were found more in chronically infected patients when compared to clearance group infection (p = 0.0001, OR = 1.462, CI = 1.204–1.776; p = 0.0178, OR = 1.267, CI = 1.042–1.540 and p = 0.010, OR = 0.776, CI = 0.639–0.942, respectively). No association was found when polymorphisms in HLA genes were compared in active carriers versus cirrhosis/HCC patients. In conclusion, these results suggest that variations in HLA genes could affect susceptibility to and clearance of HBV infection in Saudi Arabian patients.
On the relations between BCMP queueing networks and product form solution stochastic petri nets

In this paper we show that multi-class BCMP queueing networks can be represented by means of Product Form Solution Stochastic Petri Nets (PF-SPNs). Since the first time PF-SPNs were proposed, one of their main drawbacks concerned the fact that there was no clear relation between PFSPNs and PF-QNs, in particular the well-known multi-class BCMP-QNs. It is important to note that the existence of the product form solution is not a property of the formalism, but of the underlying Markovian process. Hence, the fact that PF-SPNs (and also PF-GSPNs) cannot directly represent BCMP-QNs is one of the weaknesses of the SPN productform results. The results presented in this paper overcome this weakness. In particular, we show that starting from a detailed GSPN representation of each of the BCMP station types, it is possible to derive equivalent compact PF-SPN representations for each station type.
Searching for Malware in BitTorrent

One of the most widely publicized aspects of computer security has been the presence and propagation of malware. Malware has adapted to many dierent changing technologies, including recently-popular P2P systems. While previous work has examined P2P networks and protocols like KaZaA and Gnutella for malware, little has been done so far that examines BitTorrent. This project explored BitTorrent for the presence of malware, and discovered a signicant portion of malware in the downloaded le set. Statistics on torrents infected with malware were gathered and analyzed to nd patterns that are helpful in creating basic ltering heuristics. While these heuristics may work in simple cases, several easy ways they can be defeated were found.
Energy harvester for rotating environments using offset pendulum and nonlinear dynamics

We present an energy harvester for environments that rotate through the Earth’s gravitational field. Example applications include shafts connected to motors, axles, propellers, fans, and wheels or tires. Our approach uses the unique dynamics of an offset pendulum along with a nonlinear bistable restoring spring to improve the operational bandwidth of the system. Depending on the speed of the rotating environment, the system can act as a bistable oscillator, monostable stiffening oscillator, or linear oscillator. We apply our approach to a tire pressure monitoring system mounted on a car rim. Simulation and experimental test results show that the prototype generator is capable of directly powering an RF transmission every 60 s or less over a speed range of 10 to 155 kph.