Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermal Sensor Based Hardware Trojan Detection in FPGAs

This paper introduces an efficient technique for the detection of malicious hardware, based on thermal sensors. Each sensor consists of a Ring Oscillator with three inverters, a control multiplexer and a compact Residue Number System ring counter requiring only two FPGA slices. The sensors were placed in a 6x5 grid structure in equal distance from each other, in order to cover the whole area of the FPGA implementation causing a total overhead of only 1.9 %. To emulate a Hardware Trojan, a 64-bit Linear Feedback Shift Register was used. We demonstrate the proposed technique with an experimental system based on a XILINX Basys 3 board. The results from the experiments illustrate the efficiency of the proposed technique. According to our knowledge we are the first that we have used this kind of sensor for Hardware Trojan Detection.
Audit delay and the timeliness of corporate reporting

We examine the determinants of â€œaudit delay,â€ the number of calendar days from fiscal yearâ€ end to the audit report date. A descriptive model of audit delay is tested on a sample of 465 companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange from 1977 to 1982. Although several variables included in the model are statistically significant, the proportion of variability in audit delay explained by the variables is low. Descriptive data are presented for variables consistently associated with audit delay over the sixâ€ year period â€” auditor size, industry classification, existence of extraordinary items, and sign of net income. Some directions for future research are also suggested. RA©sumA©. Les auteurs examinent les dA©terminants du Â«dA©lai de vA©rificationÂ», soit le nombre de jours francs qui s'A©coulent entre la fin de l'exercice financier et la publication du rapport des vA©rificateurs. Ils vA©rifient un modA¨le descriptif du dA©lai de vA©rification sur un A©chantillon de 465 entreprises cotA©es A la bourse de Toronto, de 1977 A 1982. Bien que plusieurs variables incluses dans le modA¨le soient statistiquement significatives, la proportion de la variation du dA©lai de vA©rification expliquA©e par ces variables est mince. Les auteurs prA©sentent des donnA©es descriptives pour les variables associA©es de faA§on uniforme au dA©lai de vA©rification, sur la pA©riode de six ans â€” la taille du cabinet de vA©rification, la classification du secteur, l'existence de postes extraordinaires et le caractA¨re positif ou nA©gatif du rA©sultat net. Ils suggA¨rent A©galement certaines pistes de recherche A envisager.
Cooperative Localization of Multi-UAVs via Dynamic Nonparametric Belief Propagation under GPS Signal Loss Condition

Self-localization is critical for many unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) tasks such as formation flight, path planning, and activity coordination. Traditionally, UAV can locate itself using GPS combined with some inertial sensors. However, due to the complex flight environment or failure of the GPS receiver, the UAV may lose its GPS signal and fail to locate itself, resulting in devastating consequence. In this paper, we will consider the problem of cooperative localization among multiple UAVs, in which the UAVs with failure of GPS receiver can help each other to locate themselves through mutual information exchanged based on the relative distance measurements. Specifically, we propose a dynamic Nonparametric Belief Propagation (dNBP) algorithm to calculate the posterior distribution of UAV's position conditioned on all observations made in the whole UAVs group. The dNBP is a natural combination of NBP with particle filtering, suitable for treating with the nonlinear model and highly non-Gaussian distributions arising in our application. Furthermore, dNBP provides the basis for distributed algorithm in which messages are exchanges between neighboring UAVs. Thus, the computational burden is distributed across UAVs. Simulations in Matlab environment show the effectiveness of our method.
If Only We Knew What We Know: Identification and Transfer of Internal Best Practices

One of the most effective avenues toward improvement is the process of internal benchmarking—identifying, sharing, and using the knowledge and "best practices" inside one's organization. But the process can be tricky and time consuming because of obstacles such as ignorance about resources or others' needs, a culture that values personal expertise more than knowledge sharing, and a lack of resources for implementation of best practices. This article explores how organizations conduct successful internal benchmarking, relating details ranging from requirements for successful transfer to lessons learned.
Defining the gap between electrographic seizure burden, clinical expression and staff recognition of neonatal seizures

Background: Neonatal seizures are often subclinical, making accurate diagnosis difficult. Objective: To describe the clinical manifestations of electrographic seizures recorded on continuous video-EEG, and to compare this description with the recognition of clinical seizures by experienced neonatal staff. Methods: Term infants, at risk of seizures, were monitored by continuous 12-channel video-EEG from <6 hours of birth for up to 72 hours. All clinical seizures were recorded by experienced neonatal staff on individual seizure charts. Video-EEG recordings were subsequently analysed. The number, duration and clinical expression of electrographic seizures were calculated (in seconds), and compared with the seizures clinically suspected by the neonatal staff. Results: Of 51 infants enrolled, nine had electrographic seizures. A further three had clinically suspected seizures, without associated electrographic abnormality. Of the total 526 electrographic seizures, 179 (34%) had clinical manifestations evident on the simultaneous video recording. The clinical seizure activity corresponded to 18.8% of the total electrographic seizure burden. Overdiagnosis also occurred frequently. Of the 177 clinically suspected seizure episodes documented by staff, 48 (27%) had corresponding electrographic evidence of seizure activity Thus, only 9% (48/526) of electrographic seizures were accompanied by clinical manifestations, which were identified and documented by neonatal staff. Conclusion: Only one-third of neonatal EEG seizures displays clinical signs on simultaneous video recordings. Moreover, two-thirds of these clinical manifestations are unrecognised, or misinterpreted by experienced neonatal staff. In the recognition and management of neonatal seizures clinical diagnosis alone is not enough.
Age Regression: Tailored versus Scripted Inductions

Abstract The effects of tailored versus scripted hypnotic inductions were tested with the intention of shedding light on age regression phenomena. From an initial pool of 31 volunteers, 10 males and 10 females who scored 3 or better on the Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale, participated in this study. Participants were assigned to either scripted or tailored hypnotic induction conditions for regression to age 5. The age specific developmental task was to indicate for each of 10 abstract figure pairs, which of each pair “was upside down”. Both groups showed significant focal point dependency. However, the tailored induction group showed significantly greater focal point dependency characteristic of 5-year-old children, in contrast to the scripted induction group. It appears that tailored hypnotic inductions may provide a better avenue for the ego to regulate its own degree of regression. The better match to personality style takes advantage of the naturally occurring egosyntonic capacities of the participant, thereby facilitating greater hypnotic responsiveness.
Studying Firm-Specific Effects of Regulation with Stock Market Data: An Application to Oil Price Regulation

Regulations are often introduced and reformed in response to unanticipated changes in market forces. In late 1973, for example, OPEC quadrupled the world price of oil and U.S. policy makers responded by imposing oil price regulation. Such events pose a fundamental problem of interpretation for studies that use stock prices to identify the economic effects of regulation. What portion of the capital gains or losses experienced by investors in regulated firms is due to regulation and what portion is due to unanticipated economic events? To answer these questions we use microeconomic theory to derive hypotheses about how the capital gains and losses created by OPEC pricing and U.S. regulatory policies are related to the underlying characteristics of petroleum firms. We test the hypotheses by including a model of firm-specific abnormal returns in the standard market models of common stock returns earned by investors in petroleum firms. The results indicate the U.S. oil production and refiner access to price-controlled crude oil were sources of capital gains and that U.S. and foreign refining were sources of capital losses.
The Impact of Variability and Patient Information on Health Care System Performance

In the delivery of health care services, variability in the patient arrival and service processes can cause excessive patient waiting times and poor utilization of facility resources. Based on data collected at a large primary care facility, this paper investigates how several sources of variability affect facility performance. These sources include ancillary tasks performed by the physician, patient punctuality, unscheduled visits to the facility's laboratory or X‐ray services, momentary interruptions of a patient's examination, and examination time variation by patient class. Our results indicate that unscheduled visits to the facility's laboratory or X‐ray services have the largest impact on a physician's idle time. The average patient wait is most affected by how the physician prioritizes completing ancillary tasks, such as telephone calls, relative to examining patients. We also investigate the improvement in system performance offered by using increasing levels of patient information when creating the appointment schedule. We find that the use of policies that sequence patients based on their classification improves system performance by up to 25.5%.
FCANN: An Approach to Knowledge Representation From ANN Through Formal Concept Analysis - Application in the Cold Rolling Process

Nowadays, artificial neural networks (ANN) are been widely used in the representation of physical process. Once trained, the nets are capable to solve unprecedented situations, keeping tolerable errors in their outputs. However, humans cannot assimilate the knowledge kept by those networks, since such knowledge is implicitly represented by their connection weights. Formal concept analysis (FCA) can be used in order to facilitate the extraction, representation and understanding of rules described by ANN. In this work, the approach FCANN to extract rules via FCA is applied to the cold rolling process. The approach has a sequence of steps as the use of a synthetic database where the data number variation per parameter is an adjustment factor to obtain more representative rules. The approach can be used to understand the relationship among the process parameters through implication rules
Fiscal and Monetary Policy under imperfect commitment

El objetivo de esta tesis es analizar como se deben concebir las politicas fiscales y monetarias en un contexto en que los politicos %&/El objetivo de esta tesis es analizar como se deben concebir las politicas fiscales y monetarias en un contexto en que los politicos%&/tienen problemas de credibilidad. Se desarrollan metodologias y aplicaciones para mostrar como diferentes grados de credibilidad de las instituciones politicas afectan la determinacion de impuestos, deuda publica, instrumentos monetarios y, en general, los resultados economicos. En el primer capitulo - Loose commitment (Compromiso Debil)-, se introduce una nueva metodologia para resolver problemas de politica optima tomando en cuenta que los politicos podrian no cumplir con sus promesas, y analiza los efectos de la credibilidad sobre la imposicion sobre el capital y el trabajo. El segundo capitulo - Political Disagreement Lack of Commitment and the Level of Debt (Desacuerdo Politico, Falta de Compromiso y el Nivel de Deuda) - considera un caso en que la credibilidad esta limitada por el hecho de que hay alternancia entre politicos con distintos objetivos. En particular, se muestra como la alternancia politica y la falta de compromiso afectan el nivel de deuda publica. Por ultimo, el tercer capitulo - The Macroeconomic Effects of Unstable Monetary Policy Objectives (Los Efectos Macroeconomicos de la Inestabilidad de los Objetivos de Politica Monetaria) - analiza como la posibilidad de cambios en los objetivos influye en las decisiones de politica monetaria.
Customer Segmentation Based on Dining Preferences in Full-Service Restaurants

This study was designed to identify the factors affecting five groups pruned by customer decision factors (menu, atmosphere, price, health, and brand reputation) that customers consider when selecting a full-service restaurant. The analytical method applied in this study was Decision Tree Analysis. As Decision Tree Analysis enables a researcher to identify and target desirable customer groups, it is an ideal analysis to identify differences between groups. A total of 390 questionnaires were used for the data analysis. The result indicated that depending on the group, classifying variables were different. That is, five groups have their own unique attributes. The results of this research would be valuable for marketers or managers in the restaurant industry to understand targeting customer segmentation.
Managing corporate social responsibility: lessons from the oil industry

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to improve the understanding of the manner in which companies deal with key stakeholders in relation to corporate social responsibility (CSR), focusing in particular on how companies can handle critical incidents related to CSR and utilize these experiences in enforcing their regular social responsibility.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a case study methodology.Findings – CSR should be managed by a combination of handling unexpected episodes that threaten existing social responsibility (incident recovery) and the long‐term reduction of gaps between stakeholder expectations and the company performance (CSR enforcement). Furthermore, CSR implies building and maintaining relationships with society through interplay between actors, resources and activities.Practical implications – The study contributes to managerial decision making by identifying seven types of implications and activities necessary to actively manage key aspects of social responsibili.
Timing of estrogen therapy after ovariectomy dictates the efficacy of its neuroprotective and antiinflammatory actions

Recent studies describing the seemingly contradictory actions of estrogens in ischemic stroke injury have led us to reevaluate the circumstances under which estrogen therapy (ET) provides benefits against cerebral stroke and decipher its mechanisms of action. One prominent feature that follows stroke injury is massive central and peripheral inflammatory responses. Evidence now suggests that postischemic inflammatory responses strongly contribute to the extent of brain injury, and 17β-estradiol (E2) may protect the ischemic brain by exerting antiinflammatory actions. In an attempt to explain recently reported dichotomous effects of E2 in stroke injury, we tested the hypothesis that an extended period of hypoestrogenicity both prevents E2 from protecting the brain against ischemia and simultaneously suppresses its antiinflammatory actions. We report that E2 exerts profound neuroprotective action when administered immediately upon ovariectomy, but not when administered after 10 weeks of hypoestrogenicity. Consistently, E2 treatment given immediately at the time of ovariectomy attenuated central and peripheral production of proinflammatory cytokines after ischemic stroke. In contrast, E2 did not suppress production of proinflammatory molecules when it was administered after 10 weeks postovariectomy. These results demonstrate that a prolonged period of hypoestrogenicity disrupts both neuroprotective and antiinflammatory actions of E2. Our findings may help to explain the results of the Women's Health initiative that reported no beneficial effect of ET against stroke because the majority of the subjects initiated ET after an extended period of hypoestrogenicity.
Thirty-Eight C-Terminal Amino Acids of the Coupling Protein TraD of the F-Like Conjugative Resistance Plasmid R1 Are Required and Sufficient To Confer Binding to the Substrate Selector Protein TraM

ABSTRACT Coupling proteins (CPs) are present in type IV secretion systems of plant, animal, and human pathogens and are essential for DNA transfer in bacterial conjugation systems. CPs connect the DNA-processing machinery to the mating pair-forming transfer apparatus. In this report we present in vitro and in vivo data that demonstrate specific binding of CP TraD of the IncFII R1 plasmid transfer system to relaxosomal protein TraM. With overlay assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays we showed that a truncated version of TraD, termed TraD11 (ΔN155), interacted strongly with TraM. The apparent TraD11-TraM association constant was determined to be 2.6 × 107 liters/mol. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that this variant of TraD also strongly bound to TraM when it was in complex with its target DNA. When 38 amino acids were additionally removed from the C terminus of TraD, no binding to TraM was observed. TraD15, comprising the 38 amino-acid-long C terminus of TraD, bound to TraM, indicating that the main TraM interaction domain resides in these 38 amino acids of TraD. TraD15 exerted a dominant negative effect on DNA transfer but not on phage infection by pilus-specific phage R17, indicating that TraM-TraD interaction is important for conjugative DNA transfer but not for phage infection. We also observed that TraD encoded by the closely related F factor bound to TraM encoded by the R1 plasmid. Our results thus provide evidence that substrate selection within the IncF plasmid group is based on TraM's capability to select the correct DNA molecule for transport and not on substrate selection by the CP.
Maintaining Self‐regulation: Making “Interests” Coincide in Discourses on the Governance of the ICAEW

Explores contributions to the process of organizing the interests of professional labour through a study of the debate on the governance of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales. The Tricker and Wersley Reports have illuminated the tensions and contradictions associated with the organization and regulation of labour. Shows specifically that, by striving to secure and maintain their powers and privileges, “professional” associations are caught on the horns of their dual responsibility as “self‐interested” sellers of labour and as guardians of “the public interest”.
Genetic clues about the origin of Aché hunter‐gatherers of Paraguay

Seventeen genetic studies performed among the until recently hunter‐gatherer Aché were reviewed and the corresponding data integrated to general information about this group, and to statistical tests of hypothesis concerning its origin(s). Two features of the Aché gene pool emerge: (a) the distinctiveness in relation to the general pattern of Amerindian genetic data; and (b) the reduced within population genetic variability. As for the origin of this people, the evidence suggests a general Tupian background with considerable introgression of Jê genetic material, which could be explained by the Tupi warfare habit of absorption instead of extermination of defeated individuals. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In or out: Sub-national island jurisdictions and the antechamber of para-diplomacy

Abstract Long-standing distinctions, both legal and diplomatic, between established sovereign states and other international actors seem to be increasingly blurred by changing practices in international relations. Sub-national island jurisdictions (SNIJs) are among the less recognized players in conventional international relations, despite the fact that many of them are now particularly active in external representation, engaging in unexpected external relations, and acquiring means to enhance their regional and even global presence. This paper reviews the nature, emergence, purpose and activity of contemporary para-diplomacy, as it is played out by small, often island, jurisdictions, and invites an appreciation of the continued currency of sovereignty.
Fatores associados à amamentação na primeira hora de vida

OBJETIVO: Identificar fatores associados a amamentacao na primeira hora de vida (Passo 4 da Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Crianca). METODOS: Foi realizado estudo transversal com amostra representativa de parturientes em maternidades do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, entre 1999 e 2001. Foram excluidos recem-nascidos ou maes com restricao ao aleitamento materno, resultando em amostra de 8.397 binomios. Foi adotado modelo Poisson com efeitos aleatorios ao nivel das maternidades, em abordagem hierarquizada com tres niveis: distal, intermediario e proximal para caracteristicas maternas, do recem-nascido, e de assistencia ao pre-natal e hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Amamentaram na primeira hora de vida 16% das maes. O aleitamento materno nesse periodo foi menos prevalente entre os recem-nascidos com intercorrencias imediatas apos o parto (RP = 0,47; IC99% 0,15;0,80); entre as maes que nao tiveram contato com os recem-nascidos na sala de parto (RP = 0,62; IC99% 0,29;0,95), as que tiveram parto cesariano (RP = 0,48; IC99% 0,24;0,72); e cujo parto ocorreu em maternidade privada (RP = 0,06; IC99% 0,01;0,19) ou conveniada com o Sistema Unico de Saude (RP = 0,16; IC99% 0,01;0,30). O efeito de contexto das maternidades foi estatisticamente significativo. CONCLUSOES: Em nivel individual, a amamentacao na primeira hora de nascimento foi prejudicada por praticas inadequadas nas maternidades, em particular as privadas e conveniadas com o Sistema Unico de Saude. O efeito de grupo das maternidades e a ausencia de fatores individuais maternos que expliquem o desfecho sugerem que as maes tem pouco ou nenhum poder de decisao sobre essa amamentacao e dependem das praticas institucionais vigentes nas maternidades.
Internal Embeddedness, Headquarters Involvement, and Innovation Importance in Multinational Enterprises

In this paper we apply a business network perspective to investigate the effects of internal embeddedness and headquarters involvement on subsidiaries' innovation-related competencies, and on the perceived importance of innovation in multinational enterprises. A model framed in the innovation context is developed and six hypotheses are tested on 85 innovation projects in 23 multinational enterprises using partial least squares based structural equation modelling. The results suggest that, contrary to predictions of the business network perspective, headquarters involvement in the innovation development process improves subsidiary competencies while internal embeddedness does not. Headquarters involvement, driven by subsidiary internal embeddedness, enhances the innovation impact on the subsidiary, which in turn influences innovation importance at corporate level. Thus, the business network perspective is challenged but at the same time expanded in terms of highlighting the role of, and interplay between, different internal corporate actors, particularly the role of headquarters, in developing competencies and creating competitive advantage.