Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stroke after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

1987年 から1998年 までに施行 した単独冠状動脈バイパス術連続681例 (再手術, off-pump 症例は 除く) を対象として, 術前脳梗塞の既往を含めた患者背景ならびに術後脳梗塞合併の危険因子につい て検討した. ここで術後脳梗塞とは, 手術直後つまり麻酔から覚醒したときに症状の出現を確認でき たものに加え, 術後4週 間以内の周術期に発症 したもの と定義 した. 術前脳梗塞の既往は98例 (14%) に認め, 既往のない群 (583例) に比べ有意に高齢で閉塞性動脈硬化症 (ASO) の合併が多 かった. 術後脳梗塞は14例 (2.0%) に認め, うち7例 は術直後に発症しており, 手術による直接的 な影響が強 く疑われた. これらの症例を術後脳梗塞の合併のない群 と比較したが, 術前脳梗塞の既 往, 人工心肺時間, ASO合 併などに有意差はみられなかった. 術後脳梗塞発症の14例 のうち4例 (29%) が死亡しており予後を大きく左右 していた. 日 心外会誌29巻3号: 139-143 (2000)
Artificial Co-Drivers as a Universal Enabling Technology for Future Intelligent Vehicles and Transportation Systems

This position paper introduces the concept of artificial “co-drivers” as an enabling technology for future intelligent transportation systems. In Sections I and II, the design principles of co-drivers are introduced and framed within general human-robot interactions. Several contributing theories and technologies are reviewed, specifically those relating to relevant cognitive architectures, human-like sensory-motor strategies, and the emulation theory of cognition. In Sections III and IV, we present the co-driver developed for the EU project interactIVe as an example instantiation of this notion, demonstrating how it conforms to the given guidelines. We also present substantive experimental results and clarify the limitations and performance of the current implementation. In Sections IV and V, we analyze the impact of the co-driver technology. In particular, we identify a range of application fields, showing how it constitutes a universal enabling technology for both smart vehicles and cooperative systems, and naturally sets out a program for future research.
Biologically inspired features in spiking neural networks

Neural networks have the power to deal with information which is very hard to process using ordinary approaches, e.g. speech recognition. A recent trend in applying neural networks is to use biologically realistic neuron models. Specifically, neurons are considered which communicate with discrete pulses instead of continuous signals: spiking neurons. In this paper we investigate a small selection of properties which are found in biological neurons and investigate their effect on the general computational performance of spiking neural networks (SNN). Firstly, we investigated the way in which the internal dynamics of the neurons and delayed communication improve the ability to recognize temporal patterns. Secondly we explored an unsupervised adaptation rule which helps to distribute the work equally over all the neurons in the network, so that all neurons are involved in the task they are supposed to solve. It turned out that these biologically inspired features often improved the performance for the tasks investigated.
Java object migration using intelligent software agents

The distributed object model is one of the most commonly used programming paradigms. Distributed object systems require objects to remotely communicate and perform coordinated computations. Migration of objects is an important aspect of distributed object computation as it can help to alleviate the effect of object or node failures and communications latency [1]. However, migrating a running object and associated thread proves to be a tedious and difficult job. This paper discusses a technique to migrate Java objects across a distributed computing environment called AdJava [2,3] with the help of software agents and without changing the Java Virtual Machine.
Contesting the Commons: Privatizing Pastoral Lands in Kenya

Over centuries, African pastoralist societies have crafted institutions that enable them to survive in their harsh, semi-arid environment. Effectively managing communally held land has been one key to their success and a cornerstone of their social organization. Carolyn K. Lesorogol investigates the puzzling change over the last two decades as a number of pastoralist communities have sought to transform their land tenure system from communal to private ownership. She considers this change through an empirical, multi-method study of the process of land privatization and the economic and social outcomes of privatization at the household and community level.Using a range of qualitative and quantitative research methods, including participant observation, interviews, household surveys, experimental economics games, archival research, and use of new institutional economics, Lesorogol contributes to theories of institutional change by specifying the micro-foundations of change located in individual choices and group strategies as well as demonstrating the dynamic effects of shifts in bargaining power among actors involved in the change process.
Isomorphic formulae in classical propositional logic

Isomorphism between formulae is defined with respect to categories formalizing equality of deductions in classical propositional logic and in the multiplicative fragment of classical linear propositional logic caught by proof nets. This equality is motivated by generality of deductions. Characterizations are given for pairs of isomorphic formulae, which lead to decision procedures for this isomorphism.
Sensitivity analysis on production tolerances for electric drive systems in automotive application

Production tolerances in electric drive systems with interior permanent magnet synchronus machines (IPMSM) lead to unavoidable deviations in torque and power. This paper presents an investigation of the underlying effects utilizing simulations and measurements as well as methods for detection. In particular, deviations of the sensors and of the machine are studied. For the machine, the permanent magnet flux and the air gap thickness are identified as two main influence factors. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to model deviations and to calculate flux tables in the id-iq-plane. Also the influence of current and angle measurement errors are analytically analyzed. The simulated results are confirmed at the test bench, performing measurements with custom-built limit sample machines. Torque deviations of more than 10% are detected. Additionally, a method for detecting the individual deviation of an individual machine is introduced. Measurement of short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage are employed since both quantities are measurable with little effort. The combination of the knowledge about the effects in the machine and the detection methods could be used for compensation.
Cooperative demand response using repeated game for price-anticipating buildings in smart grid

This paper proposes a cooperative demand response scheme for price-anticipating buildings in smart grid. The cooperative demand response scheme is formulated as a constrained social optimization problem. We develop a cooperative strategy and obtain a Pareto-optimal solution from the constrained social optimization problem. Comparing with the Nash equilibrium obtained from the one-stage demand management game, the Pareto-optimal solution reduces the electricity costs to all the building managers. We further align this Pareto-optimal solution with the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium of a repeated demand management game and develop an incentive-compatible trigger-and-punishment mechanism to avoid the noncooperative behavior of the building managers. Numerical results demonstrate that the cooperative demand response scheme can reduce the electricity costs, the electricity price, and the total energy consumption.
Schwann cell proliferation and migration during paranodal demyelination

This study examined Schwann cell behavior during paranodal demyelination induced by beta,beta'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN). The stimuli for Schwann cell proliferation, extensively studied in vitro, are less well understood in vivo. Most in vivo systems previously used to examine Schwann cell proliferation in disease are dominated by loss of internodal myelin sheaths. As used in this study, IDPN administration produces neurofilamentous axonal swellings and paranodal demyelination, without segmental demyelination or fiber degeneration. We asked whether Schwann cells would proliferate following the restricted paranodal demyelination that accompanies the axonal swellings, and if so what the sources and distributions of new Schwann cells might be. IDPN was given as a single large dose (2 ml/kg) to 21-d- old rats. Neurofilamentous axonal swellings formed in the proximal regions of motor axons, reaching their greatest enlargement in the root exit zone 8 d after IDPN administration. These swellings subsequently migrated distally down the nerves at rates approaching 1 mm/d. The axonal enlargement was consistently associated with displacement of the myelin sheath attachment sites into internodal regions, and consequent paranodal demyelination. This stage was associated with perikaryal changes, including nucleolar enlargement, “girdling” of the perikaryon, and formation of attenuated stalks separating the perinuclear region from the external cytoplasmic collar. Schwann cells proliferated abundantly during this stage. Daughter Schwann cells migrated within the endoneurial space (outside the nerve fiber basal laminae) to overlie the demyelinated paranodes of swollen nerve fibers. In these regions, local proliferation of Schwann cells continued, resulting in large paranodal clusters of Schwann cells. As the axonal calibers subsequently returned to normal, the outermost myelin lamellae of the original internodes returned to their paranodal attachment sites and the supernumerary Schwann cells disappeared. Formation of short internodes, segmental demyelination, and nerve fiber loss were rare phenomena. These results indicate that paranodal demyelination is a sufficient stimulus to excite abundant Schwann cell proliferation; neither internodal demyelination nor myelin breakdown is a necessary stimulus for mitosis. The 3H-thymidine incorporation studies indicated that the sources of new Schwann cells included markedly increased division of the Schwann cells of unmyelinated fibers and, as they formed, supernumerary Schwann cells. In addition, there were rare examples of 3H-thymidine incorporation by Schwann cells associated with myelinated nerve fibers. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Solving a distributed CSP with cryptographic multi-party computations , without revealing constraints and without involving trusted servers ∗

Everybody has its own constraint satisfaction problem, private concerns that owners prefer to keep as secret as possible. Resources may be shared and cause the need for cooperation. Here we consider the case where privacy is an overwhelming requirement and we assume that a majority of the participants are incorruptible. Namely, given n participants, at least an n/2 unknown subset of them are trustworthy and not corrupted or controlled by attackers. This is a common assumption in cryptographic multi-party computations where techniques exploiting such assumptions are known as threshold schemes. This work shows how a random solution of the described problem can be offered with a secure protocol that does not reveal anything except the existence of the solution and tells each participant the valuations corresponding to its subproblem. The technique is based on the properties of the recent Paillier cryptosystem and needs no external arbiter.
Mental navigation along memorized routes activates the hippocampus, precuneus, and insula

POSITRON emission tomography was used to investigate the functional anatomy of mental simulation of routes (MSR) in five normal volunteers. Normalized regional cerebral blood flow was measured while subjects mentally navigated between landmarks of a route which had been previously learned by actual navigation. This task was contrasted with both static visual imagery of landmarks (VIL) and silent Rest. MSR appears to be subserved by two distinct networks: a non-specific memory network including the posterior and middle parts of the hippocampal regions, the dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex and the posterior cingulum, and a specific mental navigation network, comprising the left precuneus, insula and medial part of the hippocampal regions.
Enhanced Virtual Screening by Combined Use of Two Docking Methods: Getting the Most on a Limited Budget

Flexible ligand docking is a routine part of a modern structure-based lead discovery process. As of today, there are quite a number of commercial docking programs that can be used to screen large databases (hundreds of thousands to millions of compounds). However, limiting factors such as the number of commercial software licenses needed to perform docking simultaneously on multiple processors ("software cost") and the relatively long time required per molecule to get good results ("quality-to-speed") should be taken into account when planning a large docking run. How can we optimize the efficiency of selecting lead candidates by docking, in respect to the quality of the results, search speed, and software cost? We present a combination of two methods, our "fast-free-approximate" in-house docking program and the "slow-costly-accurate" ICM-Dock, as an example of one solution to the problem. Our proposed protocol is illustrated by a series of virtual screening experiments aimed at identifying active compounds in the MDL Drug Data Report database. In more than half of the 20 cases examined, at least several actives per protein target were identified in approximately 24 hours per target.
Determinantes de la morosidad bancaria en una economía dolarizada. El caso uruguayo

This paper examines the determinants of the non-performing loans ratio of Uruguayan banks and studies the existence of cointegration relationships between this ratio and a set of macroeconomic variables. Authors find evidence of the existence of a relationship between non-performing loans ratio, variation of wages measured in dollars and interest rates. The paper concludes that lower wages and higher rates lead to a higher default ratio in the long term. This conclusion emphasizes the importance of the exchange-rate risk over the credit risk in such economies with dollarized banking systems. The estimated model is then used to simulate the effects of several hypothetical stress scenarios on defaulted loans ratio. As a result of this exercise, the paper concludes that the Uruguayan banking system presents nowadays a more solid position than during the period before the 2002 crisis.
Light Primes the Escape Response of the Calanoid Copepod, Calanus finmarchicus

The timing and magnitude of an escape reaction is often the determining factor governing a copepod’s success at avoiding predation. Copepods initiate rapid and directed escapes in response to fluid signals created by predators; however little is known about how copepods modulate their behavior in response to additional sensory input. This study investigates the effect of light level on the escape behavior of Calanus finmarchicus. A siphon flow was used to generate a consistent fluid signal and the behavioral threshold and magnitude of the escape response was quantified in the dark and in the light. The results show that C. finmarchicus initiated their escape reaction further from the siphon and traveled with greater speed in the light than in the dark. However, no difference was found in the escape distance. These results suggest that copepods use information derived from multiple sensory inputs to modulate the sensitivity and strength of the escape in response to an increase risk of predation. Population and IBM models that predict optimal vertical distributions of copepods in response to visual predators need to consider changes in the copepod's behavioral thresholds when predicting predation risk within the water column.
HiFi: A Hierarchical Filtering Algorithm for Caching of Online Video

Online video presents new challenges to traditional caching with over a thousand fold increase in number of assets, rapidly changing popularity of assets and much higher throughput requirements. We propose a new hierarchical filtering algorithm for caching online video-HiFi. Our algorithm is designed to optimize hit-rate, replacement rate and cache throughput. It has an associated implementation complexity comparable to that of LRU. Our results show that under typical operator conditions, HiFi can increase edge cache byte hit-rate by 5-24% over an LRU policy, but more importantly can increase RAM or memory byte hit-rate by 80% to 200% and reduce replacement rate by 90%! These two factors combined can dramatically increase throughput for most caches. If SSDs are used for storage, the much lower replacement rate may also allow substitution of lower cost MLC based SSDs instead of SLC based SSDs. We extend previous multi-tier analytical models for LRU caches to caches with filtering. We develop a realistic simulation environment for online video using statistics from operator traces. We show that HiFi performs within a few percentage points from the optimal solution which was simulated by Belady's MIN algorithm under typical operator conditions.
Survey on a Cloud Based Modified Data Integrity Protection in Regenerating Coding Technique

To outsource and store the data in cloud, there is no security will be provided. The security concern arises when the data storage is outsourced to the third party cloud storage provider. To check the integrity of out sourced data, it will enable the cloud client to verify the data. In case, the outsourced data have been modified or corrupted by the insider/outsider attack. This paper delivers a survey about, the proposed system allow the practical DIP scheme using the regenerating coding technique. To outsource the data in cloud against corruptions, fault tolerance is added to the cloud storage with efficient data integrity checking and the recovery procedures. To strip the data across the multiple server, regenerating code provide the fault tolerance. The problem of remotely checking the integrity of regenerated coded against corruptions under the real-life cloud storage setting. This problem is first considered under a single-server scenario by giving rise to the similar notions POR and PDP, respectively. The existing system design extends the single-server compact POR scheme for regeneratingcoded storage.
Discrepancies between patients' assessments of outcome: qualitative study nested within a randomised controlled trial

Assessments of therapeutic effectiveness should not rely exclusively on clinical data, but they should include patient based outcome measures. A plethora of generic and disease specific measures is now available to collect such data by questionnaire, and well developed methods for testing the precision of such measures exist. 1 2 Another method of collecting patient based outcome data is by in-depth interview. A randomised controlled trial to test the effectiveness of a package of physiotherapy treatment (nine treatment sessions involving patellar taping, seven different exercises, correction of posture, and advice on footwear) for patello-femoral osteoarthritis, which included a nested qualitative study of 20 participants randomised to the intervention arm, provided an opportunity to compare the two approaches to collecting outcome data: quantitatively by questionnaire and qualitatively by means of in-depth interview. 3 4 The primary outcome measure was pain in the worse knee, recorded on …
Timed Parallel Automaton learning in Workflow Mining problems

Workflows are formal specifications of processes. In real life, workflows are very hard to manually specify. Groups of experts are usually needed, and the results are influenced by human perceptions. To solve these problems, workflows can be automatically learned from samples of execution processes. This idea is called Workflow Mining. Workflow Mining is usually performed using Petri Nets, which is a good approach for specifying workflows thanks to their high expressiveness. However, learning Petri nets is a very hard task because of their high complexity. This paper presents a new workflow mining algorithm called PALIA. This algorithm is able to learn workflows from parallel activity-based samples of processes using a simpler representation model called the Timed Parallel Automaton (TPA). In addition, a preliminary experiment to evaluate this proposal is also presented.
The association of unresolved attachment status and cognitive processes in maltreated adolescents.

This exploratory investigation sought to gain a better understanding of the mental representations of attachment in maltreated adolescents, and how, if at all, unresolved attachment representations are related to cognitive processes in this population. Measures of cognitive functioning, attachment state of mind and parent ratings on attention were obtained from 38 adolescents with a history of maltreatment. Results showed that maltreated adolescents with unresolved states of mind in regard to attachment scored significantly lower on measures of cognitive processes of attention, working memory and cognitive efficiency, even when intelligence was controlled for in the analyses. Theoretical considerations, implications for future research and clinical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stress-Induced Hyperthermia in Translational Stress Research

The stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH) response is the transient change in body temperature in response to acute stress. This body temperature response is part of the autonomic stress response which also results in tachycardia and an increased blood pressure. So far, a SIH response has been found in a variety of species (including rodents, baboons, turtles, pigs, impalas and chimpanzees), and there are indications that stress exposure alters body temperature in humans. This review aims to assess the translational potential and the different aspects of the body temperature reaction in response to stress. If stress-induced temperature changes are consistent across species, the SIH paradigm may be employed in preclinical and clinical setups and provide a tool to examine the pharmacological, genetic and mechanistic background of stress at both the preclinical and the clinical level.
INSTRUCTED SECOND LANGUAGE VOCABULARY LEARNING

This article overviews current research on second language vocabulary learning. It concludes that a large vocabulary is necessary to function in English: 8,000-9,000 word families for reading, and perhaps as many as 5,000-7,000 families for oral discourse. In addition, a number of word knowledge aspects need to be learned about each lexical item. Taken together, this amounts to a substantial lexical learning challenge, one which many/most learners fail to meet. To facilitate adequate vocabulary learning, four vocabulary learning partners (students, teachers, materials writers, and researchers) need to contribute to the learning process. Vocabulary learning programs need to include both an explicit, intentional learning component and a component based around maximizing exposure and incidental learning. The four learning strands (meaning-focused input, meaning-focused output, language-focused learning, and fluency development) suggested by Nation (2001) provide a structure by which to integrate intentional and incidental vocabulary learning. The overriding principle for maximizing vocabulary learning is to increase the amount of engagement learners have with lexical items. All four learning partners need to acknowledge the incremental nature of vocabulary learning, and to develop learning programs which are principled, long-term, and which recognize the richness and scope of the lexical knowledge that needs to be mastered.