Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anti-admissible sets

Abstract Aczel's theory of hypersets provides an interesting alternative to the standard view of sets as inductively constructed, well-founded objects, thus providing a convienent formalism in which to consider non-well-founded versions of classically well-founded constructions, such as the “circular logic” of [3], This theory and ZFC are mutually interpretable; in particular, any model of ZFC has a canonical “extension” to a non-well-founded universe. The construction of this model does not immediately generalize to weaker set theories such as the theory of admissible sets. In this paper, we formulate a version of Aczel's antifoundation axiom suitable for the theory of admissible sets. We investigate the properties of models of the axiom system KPU−, that is, KPU with foundation replaced by an appropriate strengthening of the extensionality axiom. Finally, we forge connections between “non-wellfounded sets over the admissible set A” and the fragment LA of the modal language L ∞.
Reciprocal Supportive Interplay between Glioblastoma and Tumor-Associated Macrophages

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal and aggressive type of primary brain malignancy. Failures of the traditional therapies in treating GBMs raise the urgent requirement to develop new approaches with more responsive targets. The phenomenon of the high infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) into GBMs has been observed for a long time. Regardless of the limited knowledge about TAMs, the high percentage of supportive TAM in GBM tumor mass makes it possible to be a good target for GBM treatment. In this review, we discussed the unique features of TAMs in GBMs, including their origin, the tumor-supportive properties, the secreted cytokines, and the relevant mechanisms. In addition, we tried to interpret the current understandings about the interplay between GBM cancer cells and TAMs. Finally, the translational studies of targeting TAMs were also described.
Comparative Study of Face Recognition Algorithm on Cohn-Kanade Database

Distinctive machine learning routines are deliberately inspected on a number of databases. After having a lot research in this field,it is examined that LBP features are viable and productive for facial expression recognition. We further developed BoostedLBP to concentrate the most discriminant LBP feature, and the best recognition performance is achieved by utilizing support Vector Machine classifiers with Boosted-LBP features. Also, we examine LBP features for low-determination facial expression recognition, which is a discriminating issue however occasional tended to in the existing work. We see in our investigations that LBP elements perform steadily and vigorously more than a valuable scope of low resolutions of face pictures, and yield promising outcome in compacted low-resolution video sequence caught in real world environment.
Automated composition of e-services: lookaheads

The e-services paradigm promises to enable rich, flexible, and dynamic inter-operation of highly distributed, heterogeneous network-enabled services. Among the challenges, a fundamental question concerns the design and analysis of composite e-services. This paper proposes techniques towards automated design of composite e-services. We consider the Roman model which represents e-services as activity-based finite state automata. For a given set of existing e-services and a desired e-service, does there exist a "mediator" which delegates activities in the desired e-service to existing e-services? The question was raised in an early study by Berardi et. al. for a restricted subclass of delegators which does not take into consideration of future activities. In this paper, we define a more general class of delegators called "lookahead" delegators and we show that the hierarchy based on the amount of lookahead is strict. We, then, study the complexity of constructing such delegators. We prove that in the case of deterministic e-services, a <i>k</i>-lookahead delegator can be computed in time polynomial in the size of target and subcontractor e-services, and exponential in <i>k</i> and the number of subcontractor e-services. We also present <i>W</i>ozart, an automated mediator construction tool implemented to realize our approaches.
How Accurate Is Preoperative Evaluation of Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Women Undergoing Vaginal Reconstruction Surgery?

Objective To evaluate the differences between the in-office and intraoperative techniques used to evaluate pelvic organ prolapse. Materials and Methods A prospective study included 25 women undergoing vaginal reconstruction surgery including vaginal hysterectomy for pelvic organ prolapse. The outpatient pelvic and site-specific vaginal examination was performed in the lithotomy position with the Valsalva maneuver. Repeated intraoperative examination was performed under general anesthesia with standard mild cervical traction. The Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system (POPQ) was used for both measurements and staging. The values found under the two conditions were compared. Results The intraoperative POPQ-measurements values were significantly higher than the outpatient values for apical wall prolapse in 17/25 (68%) women and for anterior wall prolapse in 8/25 (32%) women. There was not a significant difference in the posterior wall where increase in staging was shown in 3/25 (12%) patients. Conclusions Clinicians and patients should be alert to the possibility that pelvic organ measurements performed under general anesthesia with mild traction may be different from preoperative evaluation.
Efficacy and safety of antiplatelet-combination therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation

Background/Aims Combination single-pill therapy can improve cost-effectiveness in a typical medical therapy. However, there is a little evidence about the efficacy and tolerability of combination single-pill antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES). Methods From June to November 2012, in total, 142 patients who met the following criteria were enrolled: at least 18 years old; successful PCI with DES at least 3 months earlier; and regular medication of aspirin and clopidogrel with no side effects. After VerifyNow P2Y12 and aspirin assays, the combination single pill of aspirin and clopidogrel was given and laboratory tests were repeated 6 weeks later. Results At baseline, the incidence of aspirin resistance, defined as aspirin reaction unit (ARU) ≥ 550, was 9.2%, that of clopidogrel resistance, defined as P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU) ≥ 230, was 46.5%, and that of percent inhibition of PRU < 20% was 32.4%. At follow-up, the incidence of resistance by ARU value was 7.0%, 50.0% by PRU value, and 35.9% by percentage inhibition of PRU, respectively. The mean values of ARU (431.5 ± 63.6 vs. 439.8 ± 55.2; p = 0.216) and PRU (227.5 ± 71.4 vs. 223.3 ± 76.0; p = 0.350) were not significantly different before versus after antiplatelet-combination single-pill therapy. Five adverse events (3.5%) were observed during the study period. Conclusions Combination single-pill antiplatelet therapy, which may reduce daily pill burden for patients after PCI with DES, demonstrated similar efficacy to separate dual-pill antiplatelet therapy.
Beyond OCRs for Document Blur Estimation

The current document blur/quality estimation algorithms rely on the OCR accuracy to measure their success. A sharp document image, however, at times may yield lower OCR accuracy owing to factors independent of blur or quality of capture. The necessity to rely on OCR is mainly due to the difficulty in quantifying the quality otherwise. In this work, we overcome this limitation by proposing a novel dataset for document blur estimation, for which we physically quantify the blur using a capture set-up which computationally varies the focal distance of the camera. We also present a selective search mechanism to improve upon the recently successful patch-based learning approaches (using codebooks or convolutional neural networks). We present a thorough analysis of the improved blur estimation pipeline using correlation with OCR accuracy as well as the actual amount of blur. Our experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms the current state-of-the-art by a significant margin.
Disaster planning and risk communication with vulnerable communities: lessons from Hurricane Katrina.

OBJECTIVES We studied the experience of Hurricane Katrina evacuees to better understand factors influencing evacuation decisions in impoverished, mainly minority communities that were most severely affected by the disaster. METHODS We performed qualitative interviews with 58 randomly selected evacuees living in Houston's major evacuation centers from September 9 to 12, 2005. Transcripts were content analyzed using grounded theory methodology. RESULTS Participants were mainly African American, had low incomes, and were from New Orleans. Participants' strong ties to extended family, friends, and community groups influenced other factors affecting evacuation, including transportation, access to shelter, and perception of evacuation messages. These social connections cut both ways, which facilitated and hindered evacuation decisions. CONCLUSIONS Effective disaster plans must account for the specific obstacles encountered by vulnerable and minority communities. Removing the more apparent obstacles of shelter and transportation will likely be insufficient for improving disaster plans for impoverished, minority communities. The important influence of extended families and social networks demand better community-based communication and preparation strategies.
The granzyme B inhibitor PI-9 is differentially expressed in all main subtypes of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemias.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The success of bone marrow transplantation in leukemia depends on graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effects, mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells. These act by CD95L or granule cytotoxins, such as granzyme B (GrB) whose only known inhibitor is proteinase inhibitor 9 (PI-9). Since PI-9 protects cells from CTL, PI-9 may counteract GvL in leukemias. Our aim was to establish methods to analyze the expression and function of PI-9. DESIGN AND METHODS We screened the most common pediatric ALL subsets, i.e. pre-B, common, and cortical T-ALL, for PI-9 expression, using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) approach which was correlated to semiquantitative and functional methods established in cell lines and patient probes. RESULTS In vitro, PI-9 mediated resistance towards CTL and inhibited GrB-induced clevage of caspase 3. In patient-derived ALL cells, PI-9 high and PI-9 low specimens were studied by flow cytometry, RT-PCR, in vitro GrB treatment and NK assay, demonstrating concordant results and PI-9-dependent target cell protection. Analysis of PI-9 in probes from ALL patients showed differential expression, but no correlation with immunotype. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that PI-9 in pediatric ALL is differentially expressed, without close correlation to subtype. Since PI-9 considerably alters GrzB and killer cell sensitivity, it may strongly influence the efficacy of GvL effects. The approaches applied here will allow evaluation of the expression and function of PI-9 in larger series of malignancies.
Examining assessor attributes at HARD 2005

The TREC HARD (High accuracy Retrieval from Documents) track was motivated to investigate techniques for personalised retrieval of documents. Through the use of a limited dialogue with the TREC assessors, the track facilitated the gathering and exploitation of information about the assessors' personal search context (e.g. knowledge of search topic) which could be used to improve document retrieval. In this paper we describe experiments, run within the context of the 2005 HARD track, which indicate that assessor attributes such as familiarity, interest and confidence when searching a topic can help determine when the utilisation of automatic query expansion improves retrieval over the original document ranking.
Immunolocalization of Proteoglycans in Meckel’s Cartilage of the Rat

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and distribution of proteoglycans within Meckel’s cartilage of rat embryos. A standard indirect immunoperoxidase technique was used on paraffin sections of rat heads. Sections were incubated with monoclonal antibodies recognising core protein epitopes in the proteoglycans versican and CD44. Polyclonal antibodies localized the proteoglycans decorin, biglycan and lumican. Versican was expressed by chondrocytes, but very weekly by the extracellular matrix. Decorin was strongly expressed by both of chondrocytes and the ECM. Both of biglycan and lumican were moderately expressed by chondrocytes, but weakly by the extracellular matrix. CD44 was weakly expressed by chondrocytes only, without staining of the ECM. It is concluded that Meckel’s cartilage chondrocytes express the proteoglycans versican, decorin, biglycan, lumican and CD44 at variable levels during development in the rat. Such data are important for a greater understanding of the changes that take place during mandibular development. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact role of proteoglycans during Meckel’s cartilage and mandibular organogenesis.
Algorithmic transformations in the implementation of K- means clustering on reconfigurable hardware

In mapping the k-means algorithm to FPGA hardware, we examined algorithm level transforms that dramatically increased the achievable parallelism. We apply the k-means algorithm to multi-spectral and hyper-spectral images, which have tens to hundreds of channels per pixel of data. K-means is an iterative algorithm that assigns assigns to each pixel a label indicating which of K clusters the pixel belongs to. K-means is a common solution to the segmentation of multi-dimensional data. The standard software implementation of k-means uses floating-point arithmetic and Euclidean distances. Floating point arithmetic and the multiplication-heavy Euclidean distance calculation are fine on a general purpose processor, but they have large area and speed penalties when implemented on an FPGA. In order to get the best performance of k-means on an FPGA, the algorithm needs to be transformed to eliminate these operations. We examined the effects of using two other distance measures, Manhattan and Max, that do not require multipliers. We also examined the effects of using fixed precision and truncated bit widths in the algorithm. It is important to explore algorithmic level transforms and tradeoffs when mapping an algorithm to reconfigurable hardware. A direct translation of the standard software implementation of k-means would result in a very inefficient use of FPGA hardware resources. Analysis of the algorithm and data is necessary for a more efficient implementation. Our resulting implementation exhibits approximately a 200 times speed up over a software implementation.
Finding Inputs that Reach a Target Expression

We present an automated program analysis, called Reach, to compute program inputs that cause evaluation of explicitly-marked target expressions. Reach has a range of applications including property refutation, assertion breaking, program crashing, program covering, program understanding, and the development of customised data generators. Reach is based on lazy narrowing, a symbolic evaluation strategy from functional-logic programming. We use Reach to analyse a range of programs, and find it to be a useful tool with clear performance benefits over a method based on exhaustive input generation. We also explore different methods for bounding the search space, the selective use of breadth-first search to find the first solution quickly, and techniques to avoid evaluation that is unnecessary to reach a target.
Barn swallow chicks beg more loudly when broodmates are unrelated

Parents of a variety of animal species distribute critical resources among their offspring according to the intensity of begging displays. Kin selection theory predicts that offspring behave more selfishly in monopolizing parental care as relatedness with competitors declines. We cross‐fostered two eggs between barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) clutches and compared the loudness of begging between mixed and control broods under normal feeding conditions and after a period of food deprivation. Begging loudness was higher in mixed broods under normal but not poor feeding conditions. Survival was reduced in mixed than control broods. Call features varied according to parentage, possibly serving as a cue for self‐referent phenotype matching in mixed broods. This is the first evidence within a vertebrate species that competitive behaviour among broodmates depends on their relatedness. Thus, kin recognition and relatedness may be important determinants of communication among family members, care allocation and offspring viability in barn swallows.
Mucosal flora in inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Microorganisms that directly interact with the intestinal mucosa are obscured by fecal flora and poorly characterized. METHODS We investigated the mucosal flora of washed colonoscopic biopsies of 305 patients with bowel inflammation and 40 controls. The microbial cultures were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction with subsequent cloning and sequencing, fluorescence in-situ hybridization, and electron microscopy. RESULTS We found high concentrations of mucosal bacteria in patients with bowel inflammation, but not in controls. The concentrations of mucosal bacteria increased progressively with the severity of disease, both in inflamed and non-inflamed colon. In patients with >10,000 cfu/microL, a thick bacterial band was attached to the intact mucosa without signs of translocation. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and concentrations of mucosal bacteria >50,000 cfu/microL had characteristic inclusions of multiple polymorphic bacteria within solitary enterocytes located next to the lamina propria, without or having no contact with the fecal stream. The identified bacteria were of fecal origin. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the changes in the mucosal flora in IBD are not secondary to inflammation, but a result of a specific host response. We hypothesize that the healthy mucosa is capable of holding back fecal bacteria and that this function is profoundly disturbed in patients with IBD.
How does radical collocation help a team succeed?

Companies are experimenting with putting teams into warrooms, hoping for some productivity enhancement. We conducted a field study of six such teams, tracking their activity, attitudes, use of technology and productivity. Teams in these warrooms showed a doubling of productivity. Why? Among other things, teams had easy access to each other for both coordination of their work and for learning, and the work artifacts they posted on the walls remained visible to all. These results imply that if we are to truly support remote teams, we should provide constant awareness and easy transitions in and out of spontaneous meetings.
Social interaction in the Flickr social network

Online social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Flickr are among the most popular sites on the Web, providing platforms for sharing information and interacting with a large number of people. The different ways for users to interact, such as liking, retweeting and favoriting user-generated content, are among the defining and extremely popular features of these sites. While empirical studies have been done to learn about the network growth processes in these sites, few studies have focused on social interaction behaviour and the effect of social interaction on network growth. In this paper, we analyze large-scale data collected from the Flickr social network to learn about individual favoriting behaviour and examine the occurrence of link formation after a favorite is created. We do this using a systematic formulation of Flickr as a two-layer temporal multiplex network: the first layer describes the follow relationship between users and the second layer describes the social interaction between users in the form of favorite markings to photos uploaded by them. Our investigation reveals that (a) favoriting is well-described by preferential attachment, (b) over 50% of favorites are reciprocated within 10 days if at all they are reciprocated, (c) different kinds of favorites differ in how fast they are reciprocated, and (d) after a favorite is created, multiplex triangles are closed by the creation of follow links by the favoriter's followers to the favorite receiver.
Acetylation in the globular core of histone H3 on lysine-56 promotes chromatin disassembly during transcriptional activation

Promoter chromatin disassembly is a widely used mechanism to regulate eukaryotic transcriptional induction. Delaying histone H3/H4 removal from the yeast PHO5 promoter also leads to delayed removal of histones H2A/H2B, suggesting a constant equilibrium of assembly and disassembly of H2A/H2B, whereas H3/H4 disassembly is the highly regulated step. Toward understanding how H3/H4 disassembly is regulated, we observe a drastic increase in the levels of histone H3 acetylated on lysine-56 (K56ac) during promoter chromatin disassembly. Indeed, promoter chromatin disassembly is driven by Rtt109 and Asf1-dependent acetylation of H3 K56. Conversely, promoter chromatin reassembly during transcriptional repression is accompanied by decreased levels of histone H3 acetylated on lysine-56, and a mutation that prevents K56 acetylation increases the rate of transcriptional repression. As such, H3 K56 acetylation drives chromatin toward the disassembled state during transcriptional activation, whereas loss of H3 K56 acetylation drives the chromatin toward the assembled state.
Colorectal liver metastases — to treat or not to treat?

There has been a remarkable resurgence of interest recently in the treatment of liver metastases. The reasons for this are twofold. Firstly, improved pre-operative assessment has enabled more careful patient selection and hence better results have been achieved from resectional surgery, and secondly, better understanding of the blood supply to liver tumours has resulted in techniques designed either to devascularize or to deliver high concentrations of cytotoxic drugs selectively to the tumour. Unfortunately in the main, these newer techniques have been introduced with tremendous enthusiasm but insufficient assessment. This has resulted in confusion and frustration for both patients and doctors alike. Those patients unfortunate enough to develop colorectal liver metastases, either solitary or multiple, are, in the vast majority of cases incurable and one must be most careful not to institute treatment which may be at best palliative, if significant distress from side-effects overshadows any possible palliation’. Nevertheless, important recent reports chiefly from the USA have necessitated a re-thinking of attitudes towards this common problem. This review is intended as a critical assessment of the methods available to treat liver metastases, paying particular attention to those arising from cancer of the large bowel.