Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Humanized Design Research on Internet Products

Along with the development of Internet technology, more and more design need to engage with the human elements. in this paper we first focus on the characteristics of Internet product and user requirement, then on this basis of user research, we build up a humanized system of Internet product design and a specific design method, at last we introduce the concept of emotional design and emphasize the essential design skills and methods which can be used in Internet products design in the future.
Toward a Social Psychology of Social Support

An analysis of social psychological aspects of social support examined several stages of the interaction between provider and recipient. In the first stage, the provider may offer support, respond positively to requests for support, or decline requests for support, whereas the recipient may seek, accept, or reject support. In the second stage, after support is exchanged, attributions about its effect may occur for each member, which in turn affects the extent to which the support is continued and the nature of its effect. Attributional errors about the effect may occur, especially if factors other than support—such as external factors—alter the problem status. The final stage follows the resolution of the problem and may involve reciprocation of support when roles are reversed, although such reciprocity may not be a necessary condition for social support. Possible mechanisms for both positive as well as negative effects of support were postulated. Assessing the effects of support is complicated by factors.
Multiway Simple Cycle Separators and I/O-Efficient Algorithms for Planar Graphs

We revisit I/O-efficient solutions to a number of fundamental problems on planar graphs: single-source shortest paths, topological sorting, and computing strongly connected components. Existing I/O-efficient solutions to these problems pay for I/O efficiency using excessive computation time in internal memory, thereby completely negating the performance gain achieved by minimizing the number of disk accesses. In this paper, we show how to make these algorithms simultaneously efficient in internal and external memory so they achieve I/O complexity O(sort(N)) and take O(N log N) time in internal memory, where sort(N) is the number of I/Os needed to sort N items in external memory. The key, and the main technical contribution of this paper, is a multiway version of Miller's simple cycle separator theorem. We show how to compute these separators in linear time in internal memory, and using O(sort(N)) I/Os and O(N log N) (internal-memory computation) time in external memory.
Learning from prescribing errors

The importance of learning from medical error has recently received increasing emphasis. This paper focuses on prescribing errors and argues that, while learning from prescribing errors is a laudable goal, there are currently barriers that can prevent this occurring. Learning from errors can take place on an individual level, at a team level, and across an organisation. Barriers to learning from prescribing errors include the non-discovery of many prescribing errors, lack of feedback to the prescriber when errors are discovered by other healthcare professionals, and a culture that does not encourage reflection on errors together with why they occurred and how they can be prevented. Changes are needed in both systems and culture to provide an environment in which lessons can be learnt from errors and put into practice.
Isolation and functional characterization of murine prostate stem cells

The ability to isolate prostate stem cells is essential to explore their role in prostate development and disease. In vitro prostate colony- and sphere-forming assays were used to quantitatively measure murine prostate stem/progenitor cell enrichment and self-renewal. Cell surface markers were screened for their ability to positively or negatively enrich for cells with enhanced growth potential in these assays. Immunohistochemical and FACS analyses demonstrate that specific cell surface markers can be used to discriminate prostate stromal (CD34+), luminal epithelial (CD24+CD49f−), basal epithelial (CD24+CD49f+), hematopoietic (CD45+, Ter119+), and endothelial (CD31+) lineages. Sorting for cells with a CD45−CD31−Ter119−Sca-1+CD49f+ antigenic profile results in a 60-fold enrichment for colony- and sphere-forming cells. These cells can self-renew and expand to form spheres for many generations and can differentiate to produce prostatic tubule structures containing both basal and luminal cells in vivo. These cells also localize to the basal cell layer within the region of the gland that is proximal to the urethra, which has been identified as the prostate stem cell niche. Prostate stem cells can be isolated to a purity of up to 1 in 35 by using this antigenic profile. The remarkable similarity in cell surface profile between prostate and mammary gland stem cells suggests these markers may be conserved among epithelial stem cell populations.
PDBselect 1992–2009 and PDBfilter-select

PDBselect (http://bioinfo.tg.fh-giessen.de/pdbselect/) is a list of representative protein chains with low mutual sequence identity selected from the protein data bank (PDB) to enable unbiased statistics. The list increased from 155 chains in 1992 to more than 4500 chains in 2009. PDBfilter-select is an online service to generate user-defined selections.
LOW POWER AND AREA EFFICIENT MULTIPLIER-ACCUMULATOR UNIT FOR FIR FILTER

In the research field, the amplify demand of portable devices formulate Low power device design. Among the integrated circuits, Power dissipation is one of the primary design objectives, after speed. In VLSI system design, Design of low area, delay and power forms the foremost systems. These three strictures i.e. power, area and speed are always traded off. Though, area and speed are typically conflicting constraints, so that improving speed results mostly in larger areas. In microprocessors, digital signal processors, and data-processing application-specific integrated circuits, addition and multiplication of two binary numbers are the basic and most recurrently used arithmetic operation. Accumulator unit addition and multiplication forms the main blocks in Multiplier. The applications of digital signal processing like Fast Fourier Transform, Finite Impulse Response filters, convolution etc, a high speed and low power MAC units are necessitated. In MAC unit, area and speed are the most significant aspects, but occasionally, increasing speed also boosts the power consumption, accordingly there is an upper bound of speed for specified power criteria. As the various filter designs found in the Digital Signal Processing applications, entail computationally efficient multiply and Accumulate operations, thus the blocks with the desired traits have to be chosen carefully. To design and analysis various adder and multiplication ideas for high-speed, area efficient and low power operation Multiplier – Accumulator unit is the main intent of this paper. In Verilog, all Adders and Multipliers are depicted and synthesized using Xilinx Spartan-3E trainer kit and subsequently the 8-tap FIR filter is executed with the proposed MAC unit using Virtex-4 FPGA board. The Virtex-4 board is utilized while it has plentiful DSP slices. KEYWORDS— VLSI, MAC, FPGA, Virtex-4, FIR, Xilinx.
Young people's views of sex education: gender, information and knowledge

This paper derives from research that had the aim of understanding more about adolescents' views of sex education and adolescent sexuality. The data are taken from three separate pieces of research conducted in 1984, 1998 and 2003. This paper presents data about gender, information and knowledge relating to sexuality. It seeks to demonstrate that attitudes to information and knowledge vary significantly with gender. The data suggest that many adolescents we studied were offered different access to information about sex and sexuality in their families. The argument is that this has impact on the sources of information that they rely upon and prefer. We investigate the underlying issues about the ways boys obtain not only information about sex, but also their attitudes to sexual encounters. Sources of information and counselling about sexuality varied with gender. Boys and girls were exposed to different kinds of experience, in which information about sexuality and messages about desire also vary. Home and .
Bio-inspired motion vision for aerial course control

The visual system of the fly constitutes an ideal source of inspiration for technical deployment due to its high speed, precision and robustness. This interdisciplinary work focuses on neurobiological assessment, control oriented analysis, practical implementation and experimental evaluation of a biologically inspired motion sensor. This novel strategy exhibits substantial improvements over conventional approaches and thereby serves as a guidepost example of synergies between neurobiology and engineering.
Forced expiratory maneuvers in children aged 3 to 5 years

There is no consensus about reproducibility and reliability of spirometry in young children. We evaluated forced expiratory maneuvers from 98 children aged 3 to 5 years with a variety of respiratory disorders before and after bronchodilator treatment. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV,) were analyzed for reproducibility by the American Thoracic Society criteria and for reliability based on the coefficient of variation (CVYo). Over 90% of the patients cooperated, however, while 95% could exhale for at least 1 second, very few generated an FEV, on all 6 “best” efforts. This clearly improved with age. Of all patients nearly 60% performed reproducible pre‐and postbronchodilator sets of FVC but only 32% performed reproducible sets of FEV1. Based on the CV%, those patients who could reproducibly perform an FVC and FEV, did it quite reliably (mean CV%, 9.38 and 7.01 for FVC and FEV1, respectively). We conclude that while some very young children can perform spirometry, reliability of performance cannot be assumed in this age group. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994;18:144–149. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stereovision: a model of human stereopsis

A model of the human stereopsis mechanism is presented. As foundation for the model lies a number of ideas that has arisen from redefining the correspondence problem. Instead of establishing potential matches by the detection and matching of some set of "predefined" features, e.g. edges (zero-crossings) or bars (peaks/throughs), matches are sought by comparing the overall configuration of contrast within delimited regions of the two images. The main disambiguating power of the model is provided by combining the results of the matchings from a number of independent channels of different coarseness (in regard to the resolution of the contrast information). The idea is that the information in the coarser channels can be used to restrict the domain of potential matches, to be considered, within the finer channels. Important for this assumption is the concept of figural continuity. To further reduce the set of potential matches, the model relies on the constraint of uniqueness. A computer implementation of the model is presented, which from the input consisting of a stereogram, produces a representation of the binocular disparity present within the stereogram. A number of results obtained from this computer implementation are also presented and discussed
Theory and practice of intervention

The article discusses, first, systems control theory, which tells us how a self-regulating system, for example of social and political peace, should work. Second, it considers the theory of imperfect markets, which tells us just why peace and security frequently fail to be obtained. Third, it discusses collective action theory, which tells us what might be required for collective intervention in another state’s affairs to take place. These set the context, fourth, for a new idea – a theory of intervention – that might explain why individual states, rather than a collective of states, intervene or fail to intervene elsewhere. Fifth, to learn whether the practice of intervention appears to follow the theory laid out, descriptive evidence is presented for interventions undertaken by Australia, Canada, India, and New Zealand, 1899 to 2005.
Morphine‐augmented hepatobiliary scintigraphy: A meta‐analysis

SummaryThe aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of morphine-augmented hepatobiliary scintigraphy (MA-HBS) with that of conventional hepatobiliary scintigraphy (C-HBS) for acute cholecystitis. The results of most MA-HBS studies cannot be compared with C-HBS estimates, since articles describing C-HBS often include non-candidates for MA-HBS. However, using meta-analytic techniques to combine data from eligible studies (4 for C-HBS and 5 for MA-HBS), the specificity of MA-HBS (0.84; 95% CI = 0.75–0.94) was significantly greater (P = 0.008) than that of C-HBS (0.68; 95% CI = 0.61–0.75); there were no differences in sensitivity (MA-HBS: 0.96, 95% CI = 0.92–0.99; C-HBS: 0.97, 95% CI = 0.97–0.99).
A deterministic and logic model on small-world brain functional memory network

In order to understand the formation and evolution mechanisms of small-world characters in brain functional memory network visually and directly, we adopt the deterministic complex network modelling method to simulate the memory process and introduce the logic unit definition to decrease the complexity of the network. By the logic abstraction of memory node and edge, we setup the connection mechanism based on the memory anatomical characters and logic characters. Meanwhile, we introduce the logic memory cell definition meta-memory as the network node to setup the logic brain functional memory network in order to be more close to brain anatomical substrate and decrease the complexity of the transformation from large numbers of neurons to network node. We applied the deterministic modelling algorithm with set as data structure to make the simulation of the small-world characters memory network and got the data retrieval algorithm in accord with memory characters. The theoretical analysis and data simulation results imply that the deterministic and logic brain functional memory network has the small-world characters and it is feasible to model the brain functional memory network with deterministic modelling algorithm on the basis of memory cell by the logic definition of the meta-memory.
The Cultural Roots of Estonia's Successful Transition: How Historical Legacies Shaped the 1990s

This article investigates the cultural roots of Estonia's surprisingly successful transitions in the 1990s. Taking the point of departure in historical institutionalism, two layers of political cultural legacies are identified as particularly crucial in preparing Estonia for the democratic government installed after independence. First, the article argues that even in a Baltic context, Estonia stood out as a hotbed for social initiatives and elite networks during Communist times. Second, to understand why such liberalisation within the authoritarian Communist regime started earlier in Estonia than elsewhere in the Soviet Union, there is a need to acknowledge the importance that the historical experiences of the inter-war republic played. Estonia then developed a civic culture that partly survived even during the Päts regime from 1934 to 1939. These experiences surfaced once the yolk of Stalinism was lifted in the 1950s and shaped Estonia under Communism into a society of “collective mobilization” where democratically inclined counter-elites could form.
Corrective responses to loss of ground support during walking. II. Comparison of intact and chronic spinal cats.

1. The preceding study described a corrective response in cats when one hind leg steps into a hole. In this investigation we examine the extent to which this behavior is organized at the spinal level by comparing the responses elicited in intact and chronic spinal cats. 2. Adult cats were trained to step bipedally with their hind legs on a treadmill. After training, the responses to stepping into a hole cut in the treadmill belt were monitored with a video recorder and by recording electromyograms from muscles in both hind legs. The responses to stepping into the hole were also recorded in chronic spinal cats that had recovered the ability to step with their hind legs a few weeks after spinalization. 3. The behavioral responses in the two groups of animals differed in two respects. First, the latency of the onset of the flexion movement to remove the foot from the hole was shorter in intact animals (70-150 ms in intact vs. 130-350 ms in spinal animals). Second, the flexion movement in the intact animals was stronger. The exaggerated flexion movement in intact animals lifted the paw well clear of the hole and allowed support to be regained on the treadmill belt. The weaker flexion movement in spinal animals was usually insufficient to lift the paw completely from the hole. 4. Differences in the motor patterns recorded from flexor muscles during the corrective response in intact and spinal animals correspond with the differences in the kinematics. First, the onset of flexor activity after the foot entered the hole was delayed by approximately 100 ms in spinal animals relative to intact animals. Second, in intact animals the magnitudes of flexor bursts were increased relative to the flexor bursts associated with the swing phase during stepping, whereas in spinal animals flexor bursts during the corrective response resembled those occurring during swing. 5. Similarities in the duration and the timing of bursts in different flexor muscles in intact and spinal animals during the corrective response and during swing indicated that the corrective response involves activation of the spinal system that normally produces swing phase flexor activity. We conclude that activation of this system is facilitated by input from supraspinal structures during the corrective response in intact animals. 6. In all intact animals and three of five spinal animals, support of the hindquarters when the foot entered the hole was maintained by the contralateral leg. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Association of lactase persistence genotype with milk consumption, obesity and blood pressure: a Mendelian randomization study in the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort, with a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Milk intake has been associated with lower blood pressure (BP) in observational studies, and randomized controlled trials suggested that milk-derived tripeptides have BP-lowering effects. Milk intake has also been associated with body mass index (BMI). Nevertheless, it is unclear whether increasing milk consumption would reduce BP in the general population. Methods: We investigated the association of milk intake with obesity and BP using genetically-defined lactase persistence (LP) based on the rs4988235 polymorphism in a Mendelian randomization design in the 1982 Pelotas (Southern Brazil) Birth Cohort. These results were combined with published reports identified through a systematic review using meta-analysis. Results: In the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort, milk intake was 42 [95% confidence interval (CI): 18; 67) ml/day higher in LP individuals. In conventional observational analysis, each 1-dl/day increase in milk intake was associated with −0.26 (95% CI: −0.33; −0.19) kg/m2 in BMI and −0.31 (95% CI: −0.46; −0.16) and -0.35 (95% CI: −0.46; −0.23) mmHg in systolic and diastolic BP, respectively. These results were not corroborated when analysing LP status, but confidence intervals were large. In random effects meta-analysis, LP individuals presented higher BMI [0.17 (95% CI: 0.07; 0.27) kg/m2] and higher odds of overweight-obesity [1.09 (95% CI: 1.02; 1.17)]. There were no reliable associations for BP. Conclusions: Our study supports that LP is positively associated with obesity, suggesting that the negative association of milk intake with obesity is likely due to limitations of conventional observational studies. Our findings also do not support that increased milk intake leads to lower BP.
Wearable Sensing Application- Carbon Dioxide Monitoring for Emergency Personnel Using Wearable Sensors

The development of wearable sensing technologies is a great challenge which is being addressed by the Proetex FP6 project (www.proetex.org). Its main aim is the development of wearable sensors to improve the safety and efficiency of emergency personnel. This will be achieved by continuous, real-time monitoring of vital signs, posture, activity, and external hazards surrounding emergency workers. We report here the development of carbon dioxide (CO2) sensing boot by incorporating commercially available CO2 sensor with a wireless platform into the boot assembly. Carefully selected commercially available sensors have been tested. Some of the key characteristics of the selected sensors are high selectivity and sensitivity, robustness and the power demand. This paper discusses some of the results of CO2 sensor tests and sensor integration with wireless data transmission.
Environmental Concern and Involvement of Individuals in Selected Voluntary Associations

Abstract The authors examined environmental concern and involvement of individuals in two voluntary associations, the International Mountain Bicycling Association (IMBA) and National Off-Highway Vehicle Conservation Council, Inc. (NOHVCC). Environmental concerns were assessed using the New Environmental Paradigm (NEP). When compared, results from 10 of 12 NEP items were found to be significantly different. The IMBA group scored higher on the NEP, showing a greater level of agreement on environmental concern. IMBA respondents were also more involved with environmental organizations than the NOHVCC sample. The study results suggest that the level of environmental concern and involvement differs for those who are in specific voluntary associations and who choose specific outdoor activities. Implications are discussed for educators and resource managers.
Generating domain specific sentiment lexicons using the Web Directory

In this paper we aim at proposing a method to automatically build a sentiment lexicon which is domain based. There has been a demand for the construction of generated and labeled sentiment lexicon. For data on the social web (E.g., tweets), methods which make use of the synonymy relation don't work well, as we completely ignore the significance of terms belonging to specific domains. Here we propose to generate a sentiment lexicon for any domain specified, using a twofold method. First we build sentiment scores using the micro-blogging data, and then we use these scores on the ontological structure provided by Open Directory Project [1], to build a custom sentiment lexicon for analyzing domain specific microblogging data.
Striatal direct and indirect pathways control decision-making behavior

Despite our ever-changing environment, animals are remarkably adept at selecting courses of action that are predictive of optimal outcomes. While requiring the contribution of a number of brain regions, a vast body of evidence implicates striatal mechanisms of associative learning and action selection to be critical to this ability. While numerous models of striatal-based decision-making have been developed, it is only recently that we have begun to understand the precise contributions of specific subpopulations of striatal neurons. Studies utilizing contemporary cell-type-specific technologies indicate that striatal output pathways play distinct roles in controlling goal-directed and social behaviors. Here we review current models of striatal-based decision-making, discuss recent developments in defining the functional roles of striatal output pathways, and assess how striatal dysfunction may contribute to the etiology of various neuropathologies.