Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concentrations of Blood Components in Commercial Platelet-Rich Plasma Separation Systems: A Review of the Literature

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has proven to be a very safe therapeutic option in the treatment of tendon, muscle, bone, and cartilage injuries. Currently, several commercial separation systems are available for the preparation of PRP. The concentrations of blood components in PRP among these separation systems vary substantially. Purpose: To systematically review and evaluate the differences between the concentrations of blood components in PRP produced by various PRP separation systems. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: MEDLINE/PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and EMBASE were searched for studies that compared the concentrations of blood components and growth factors in PRP between various separation systems and studies that reported on the concentrations of blood components and growth factors of single separation systems. The primary outcomes were platelet count, leukocyte count, and concentration of growth factors (eg, platelet-derived growth factor–AB [PDGF-AB], transforming growth factor–β1 [TGF-β1], and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]). Furthermore, the preparation protocols and prices of the systems were compared. Results: There were 1079 studies found, of which 19 studies were selected for inclusion in this review. The concentrations of platelets and leukocytes in PRP differed largely between, and to a lesser extent within, the studied PRP separation systems. Additionally, large differences both between and within the studied PRP separation systems were found for all the growth factors. Furthermore, preparation protocols and prices varied widely between systems. Conclusion: There is a large heterogeneity between PRP separation systems regarding concentrations of platelets, leukocytes, and growth factors in PRP. The choice for the most appropriate type of PRP should be based on the specific clinical field of application. As the ideal concentrations of blood components and growth factors for the specific fields of application are yet to be determined for most of the fields, future research should focus on which type of PRP is most suitable for the specific field.
Ictal fear in temporal lobe epilepsy: surgical outcome and focal hippocampal changes revealed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging.

BACKGROUND Ictal fear (IF) is most frequently associated with epileptic discharges from mesial temporal areas. OBJECTIVES To determine whether patients with IF were more likely to become seizure free after anteromesial temporal lobe resection compared with those without IF and whether they show more anteriorly pronounced metabolic changes assessed by means of multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) along the hippocampal axis. METHODS Surgical outcome was assessed in 33 consecutive patients with temporal lobe epilepsy after a mean follow-up of 25 months (range, 12-38 months). Proton multivoxel MRS of the hippocampal formation was applied to detect regional differences along the axis of the hippocampus in patients with and without IF. Magnetic resonance tomography showed typical features of hippocampal sclerosis in all patients. RESULTS Twelve (36%) of the 33 patients reported fear at the beginning of their habitual seizures. Eleven of these patients were seizure free postoperatively. In contrast, only 11 of 21 patients without IF had a favorable outcome. Results of MRS revealed significantly higher pathologic N-acetylaspartate-choline ratios in the anterior portion of the hippocampal formation in patients with than in those without IF, indicating focal metabolic and/or morphologic changes in the head of the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the importance of diagnosing auras with IF to provide a more detailed prognosis of the surgical outcome. In addition, our data emphasize that multivoxel MRS is a valuable tool in the presurgical evaluation, as it may reveal different topographical patterns of hippocampal sclerosis.
A Hybrid SVM Based on Nearest Neighbor Rule

This paper proposes a hybrid learning method to speed up the classification procedure of Support Vector Machines (SVM). Comparing most algorithms trying to decrease the support vectors in an SVM classifier, we focus on reducing the data points that need SVM for classification, and reduce the number of support vectors for each SVM classification. The system uses a Nearest Neighbor Classifier (NNC) to treat data points attentively. In the training phase, the NNC selects data near partial decision boundary, and then trains sub SVM for each Voronoi pair. For classification, most non-boundary data points are classified by NNC directly, while remaining boundary data points are passed to a corresponding local expert SVM. We also propose a data selection method for training reliable expert SVM. Experimental results on several generated and public machine learning data sets show that the proposed method significantly accelerates the testing speed.
Applications of whole brain perfusion and 4-dimensional digital subtraction angiography utilized by lower-dose 320-Row dynamic volumetric CT (320-DVCT)

Multi-detector CT (MDCT) is increasingly utilized for the investigation of neurovascular disease in recent year, but limited in z-axis coverage (3.2cm for 64-MDCT) with about 9′12 mSv for small area of the brain close to Circle of Willis. Our aim of the study is to evaluate 4-dimensional (4D) cerebral vessels and whole brain perfusion with 5′7 mSv lower-dose protocol (5.8 mean dose) using 320-row dynamic volumetric CT (320-DVCT) for increasing the diagnostic accuracy and reducing more radiation risk.
Mindreaders: The Cognitive Basis of "Theory of Mind"

1. Introduction. 2. Evidence from Children. 3. Evidence form Infants and Non-human Animals. 4. Evidence from Neuroimaging and Neuropsychology. 5. Evidence from Adults. 6. The Cognitive Basis of Mindreading. 7. Elaborating and Applying the Theory.
Functional Relevance of Golgi- and Plasma Membrane–Localized Endothelial NO Synthase in Reconstituted Endothelial Cells

Objective—We have previously shown in COS-7 cells that targeting of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) to the Golgi or plasma membrane (PM) regulates the mechanism and degree of eNOS activation. However, little is known about the functional significance of eNOS targeting in endothelial cells (ECs). The goal of the current study was to isolate these 2 pools of enzyme in ECs and determine their functional significance in response to agonist stimulation and manipulation of membrane cholesterol levels. Methods and Results—Using an RNA interference strategy, we generated stable populations of ECs that had >90% inhibition of eNOS expression and lacked the ability to produce NO. Reconstitution of these eNOS “knockdown” ECs with Golgi- and PM-targeted eNOS restored the ability of ECs to produce NO. Calcium-dependent agonists were the more efficient stimulus for the PM-restricted eNOS in ECs. In contrast, Golgi eNOS was less responsive to both calcium- and Akt-dependent agonists. eNOS restricted to the PM was more sensitive to manipulation of membrane cholesterol levels and was significantly attenuated by modified low-density lipoprotein. Conclusions—Within ECs, the PM is the most efficient location to produce NO but is more vulnerable to cholesterol levels and modified low-density lipoprotein.
Design and Verification of Web Services Compositions

In this work we explain how to perform the design and verification of a Web Services composition with time restrictions using the Web Services Translation tool, WST for short. We pay special attention to Web Services systems with timing restrictions. As illustration, we use a case study called “Form Generator Service”, a system that allows developers to manage a form repository by means of several Web Services. We show how to design this system and the verification of some properties on it, using a Timed Automata representation.
University education and employment in Japan: Students' perceptions on employment attributes and implications for university education

Purpose – The present research aims to explore students' perceptions of the needs of employers in terms of the personal qualities of higher education graduates.Design/methodology/approach – Questionnaires were delivered to students at four universities in the Chugoku area of Japan. The students were asked to indicate how important they thought each of the personal qualities that would be needed for their future employment, and their own evaluation of their capabilities with respect to each personal quality. In addition, respondents were asked to answer other questions in relation to satisfaction with their courses, job opportunities, and sources of their personal qualities.Findings – The key findings are that job‐seeking students tend to have a lower assessment of their own abilities than their perceived importance of those abilities. In particular, students rated their abilities significantly lower in communication and presentation skills. Although they rated themselves highly in terms of optimism, coope.
Engineered microvasculature in PDMS networks using endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells.

In this study, we used a PDMS-based platform for the generation of intact, perfusioncompetent microvessel networks in vitro. COMSOL Multiphysics, a finite element analysis and simulation software package, was used to obtain simulated velocity, pressure, and shear stress profiles. Transgene-free human iPSCs were differentiated into partially arterialized endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) in 5 days under completely chemically defined conditions, using the small molecule GSK3β inhibitor CHIR99021 and thoroughly characterized for functionality and arteriallike marker expression. These cells, along with primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), were seeded in the PDMS system to generate microvascular networks that were subjected to shear stress. Engineered microvessels had patent lumens and expressed VE-cadherin along their periphery. Shear stress caused by flowing medium increased the secretion of nitric oxide (NO), caused ECs to align and to re-distribute actin filaments parallel to the direction of the laminar flow. Shear stress also caused significant increases in gene expression for arterial markers Notch1 and EphrinB2, as well as anti-thrombotic markers KLF-2/KLF-4. These changes in response to shear stress in the microvascular platform were observed in hiPSC-EC microvessels, but not in microvessels that were derived from HUVECs, which indicated that hiPSC-ECs may be more plastic in modulating their phenotype under flow than are HUVECs. Taken together, we demonstrate the feasibly of generating intact, engineered microvessels in vitro, which replicate some of the key biological features of native microvessels.
Propagation Velocities and Voltage Magnitudes in Local Segments of Dog Myocardium

Propagation velocities and differential voltages of the electromotive surface in the left ventricle were measured in dogs by multipoint bipolar intramyocardial electrodes. The average velocity of propagation in the inner 4 mm of the ventricular wall of dogs was 2.0 mm/msec, which is considerably greater than that in the middle (0.70 mm/msec) or the outer 4 mm (0.40 mm/msec). The average voltage was less in the inner levels of the ventricular wall than in the outer, but significantly different from zero. This fact indicates a definite but lesser contribution per unit volume than from the outer levels. The propagation of the electromotive surface through the ventricular wall was consistently from endocardium to epicardium with no significant areas propagated in the reverse direction. These data disagree with the hypothesis that certain levels in the wall of the heart and certain regions of the heart are electrocardiographically silent. In dogs, and to a greater degree in humans, small infarcts anywhere in the heart can be expected to produce significant and discernible changes in surface ECGs. The task remains to refine and validate criteria for the diagnosis of infarct in these areas. When viewed from within the myocardium, the waveforms observed in bipolar intramyocardial electrodes are inconsistent with the dipole layer hypothesis as a model of the electromotive surface of ventricular depolarization in the heart.
EXPERIENCES WITH PLANNING FOR NATURAL LANGUAGE GENERATION

Natural language generation (NLG) is a major subfield of computational linguistics with a long tradition as an application area of automated planning systems. While current mainstream approaches have largely ignored the planning approach to NLG, several recent publications have sparked a renewed interest in this area. In this article, we investigate the extent to which these new NLG approaches profit from the advances in planner expressiveness and efficiency. Our findings are mixed. While modern planners can readily handle the search problems that arise in our NLG experiments, their overall runtime is often dominated by the grounding step they perform as preprocessing. Furthermore, small changes in the structure of a domain can significantly shift the balance between search and preprocessing. Overall, our experiments show that the off‐the‐shelf planners we tested are unusably slow for nontrivial NLG problem instances. As a result, we offer our domains and experiences as challenges for the planning community.
Comparison of the Exposure Time Dependence of the Activities of Synthetic Ozonide Antimalarials and Dihydroartemisinin against K13 Wild-Type and Mutant Plasmodium falciparum Strains

ABSTRACT Fully synthetic endoperoxide antimalarials, namely, OZ277 (RBx11160; also known as arterolane) and OZ439 (artefenomel), have been approved for marketing or are currently in clinical development. We undertook an analysis of the kinetics of the in vitro responses of Plasmodium falciparum to the new ozonide antimalarials. For these studies we used a K13 mutant (artemisinin resistant) isolate from a region in Cambodia and a genetically matched (artemisinin sensitive) K13 revertant. We used a pulsed-exposure assay format to interrogate the time dependence of the response. Because the ozonides have physicochemical properties different from those of the artemisinins, assay optimization was required to ensure that the drugs were completely removed following the pulsed exposure. Like that of artemisinins, ozonide activity requires active hemoglobin degradation. Short pulses of the ozonides were less effective than short pulses of dihydroartemisinin; however, when early-ring-stage parasites were exposed to drugs for periods relevant to their in vivo exposure, the ozonide antimalarials were markedly more effective.
A Pulse-Frequency-Modulated Full-Bridge DC/DC Converter With Series Boost Capacitor

The conventional zero-voltage switching phase-shift full-bridge (ZVS PSFB) converter has a large circulating energy during the freewheeling interval caused by the small duty cycle, which could increase the primary-side conduction losses, the turn-off switching losses of lagging-leg switches, and the current ripple through the output inductor. To overcome these problems, this paper proposes a new pulse-frequency-modulated full-bridge direct-current (dc)/dc converter with a series boost capacitor (SBC). The proposed converter controls the output voltage by varying the voltage across the SBC according to the switching frequency and has no freewheeling interval due to a 50% fixed duty operation. As a result, since its freewheeling current is eliminated, the conduction losses can be considerably reduced, as compared with those of the conventional ZVS PSFB converter. Moreover, the ZVS of all power switches cannot only be ensured along wide load ranges, but the current ripple through the output inductor can be also significantly reduced. Therefore, it has very desirable merits such as high efficiency, small output inductor, and improved heat generation. Operational principles, theoretical analysis, and design considerations are presented. To confirm the operation, the validity, and the features of the proposed converter, experimental results from a prototype that is 400-12 V/100 A are presented.
On Generalized Fuzzy Belief Functions in Infinite Spaces

Determined by a fuzzy implication operator, a general type of fuzzy belief structure and its induced dual pair of fuzzy belief and plausibility functions in infinite universes of discourse are first defined. Relationship between the belief-structure-based and the belief-space-based fuzzy Dempster-Shafer models is then established. It is shown that the lower and upper fuzzy probabilities induced by the fuzzy belief space yield a dual pair of fuzzy belief and plausibility functions. For any fuzzy belief structure, there must exist a fuzzy belief space such that the fuzzy belief and plausibility functions defined by the given fuzzy belief structure are just the lower and upper fuzzy probabilities induced by the fuzzy belief space, respectively. Essential properties of the fuzzy belief and plausibility functions are also examined. The fuzzy belief and plausibility functions are, respectively, a fuzzy monotone Choquet capacity and a fuzzy alternating Choquet capacity of infinite order.
Internal joint forces in dynamics of a 3-PRP planar parallel robot

Recursive matrix relations for the complete dynamics of a 3-PRP planar parallel robot are established in this paper. Three identical planar legs connecting to the moving platform are located in the same vertical plane. Knowing the motion of the platform, we develop first the inverse kinematical problem and determine the positions, velocities and accelerations of the robot. Further, the inverse dynamic problem is solved using an approach based on the principle of virtual work. Finally, some graphs of simulation for the input powers of three actuators and the internal joint forces are obtained.
DÉBAT - Autorité de gestion et avaries communes : une note de lecture

(VF) Comment expliquer que la gouvernance reste dominee davantage par une approche actionnariale que partenariale ? Cette note propose une lecture critique de l’article de Segrestin et Hatchuel publie dans Finance- Controle-Strategie (vol. 14, n° 2, juin 2011) sur l’autorite de gestion et les avaries communes. Il s’agit d’une part d’essayer de repondre a la question que se posent les auteurs et, d’autre part, de questionner leurs propositions, qui remettent forte- ment en question le pouvoir des actionnaires dans l’entreprise. (VA)How to explain the prevalence of shareholder-centered approaches to corporate governance despite their critics? This note proposes a critical reading of the article published by Segrestin and Hatchuel in Finance-Controle- Strategie (vol. 14, n° 2, June 2011) on managerial authority and general averages. We try to answer the question addressed by the authors and to question their propositions, which tend to reduce the power of stockholders in corporations.
Communicating gender-equality progress, reduces social identity threats for women considering a research career

Since the majority of top-level researchers are men, how does this vertical gender-segregation affect students’ perceptions of a research career? In the current study, an experimental manipulation either reminded students of academia’s current dominance of men or of its improving gender-balance. The results showed that women primed with the dominance of men anticipated much higher social identity threats (e.g., fear of discrimination) in a future research career as compared to a control group. In contrast, women primed with the improving gender-balance anticipated much lower threat. Further, the dominance of men prime increased men’s interest in the PhD program, as compared to controls. Women’s interest was unaffected by the prime, but their lower interest as compared to men’s across conditions was mediated by their lower research self-efficacy (i.e., competence beliefs). The results imply that communicating gender-equality progress may allow women to consider a career in research without the barrier of social identity threat.
“Tip of the Fingers” Experiences by Deaf Signers

The “tip of the fingers” phenomenon (TOF) for sign language parallels the “tip of the tongue” phenomenon (TOT) for spoken language. During a TOF, signers are sure they know a sign but cannot retrieve it. Although some theories collapse semantics and phonology in sign language and thus predict that TOFs should not occur, TOFs were elicited in the current study. Like TOTs, TOFs often resolve spontaneously, commonly involve targets that are proper names, and frequently include partial access to phonology. Specifically, signers were more likely to retrieve a target sign's handshape, location, and orientation than to retrieve its movement. Signers also frequently recalled the first letter of a finger-spelled word. The existence of TOFs supports two-stage retrieval and a division between semantics and phonology in American Sign Language. The partial phonological information available during TOFs suggests that phonological features are accessed more simultaneously during lexical access for signed language than during lexical access for spoken language.
Automatic Rover Localization in Orbital Maps

Lees, Leslie Keely, Timothy J. Parker and Michael Malin, SGT , NASA Ames Research Center, MS 2453, Moffett Field, CA, USA, Carnegie Mellon University, Jet Propulsion Lab, Malin Science Space Systems (ara.nefian@nasa.gov) This paper presents a fully automatic rover localization system suitable for autonomous planetary exploration in the absence of Global Positioning System (GPS) infrastructure. The method presented in this paper determines the best rover location through matching between the terrain seen by the onboard rover stereo camera system and a pre-existing 3D orbital map. The system is tested on data retrieved from the Mars Science Lab (MSL) mission and uses a human in the loop localization solution as ground truth. Experimental results show the system presented here can localize the rover 87% of the time within 10m of the ground truth solution.
Growth Patterns of Two Marine Isolates: Adaptations to Substrate Patchiness?

ABSTRACT During bottle incubations of heterotrophic marine picoplankton, some bacterial groups are conspicuously favored. In an earlier investigation bacteria of the genusPseudoalteromonas rapidly multiplied in substrate-amended North Sea water, whereas the densities ofOceanospirillum changed little (H. Eilers, J. Pernthaler, and R. Amann, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:4634–4640, 2000). We therefore studied the growth patterns of two isolates affiliating withPseudoalteromonas and Oceanospirillum in batch culture. Upon substrate resupply, Oceanospirillum lagged threefold longer than Pseudoalteromonas but reached more than fivefold-higher final cell density and biomass. A second, mobile morphotype was present in the starved Oceanospirillumpopulations with distinctly greater cell size, DNA and protein content, and 16S rRNA concentration. Contrasting cellular ribosome concentrations during stationary phase suggested basic differences in the growth responses of the two strains to a patchy environment. Therefore, we exposed the strains to different modes of substrate addition. During cocultivation on a single batch of substrates, the final cell densities of Oceanospirillum were reduced three times as much as those Pseudoalteromonas, compared to growth yields in pure cultures. In contrast, the gradual addition of substrates to stationary-phase cocultures was clearly disadvantageous for the Pseudoalteromonas population. Different growth responses to substrate gradients could thus be another facet affecting the competition between marine bacteria and may help to explain community shifts observed during enrichments.