Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study for Leisure and Sport Majored Students' Off-campus Internship Behavioral Intention in Taiwan

The purpose of this study was to verify leisure and sport majored students’ of-campus internship behavioral intention based on planned behavior theory. Questionnaire was employed for data collection and subjects were students in the major relevant to leisure and sport in Taiwan. Among the questionnaires distributed, 420 (93.3%) were returned effectively. AMOS19.0 was adopted to analyze the Structural Equation Modeling. The results revealed that students’ fake attitude and behavioral intention to off-campus internship were significantly different, students’ subjective norm and behavioral intention to off-campus internship were significantly different, and students’ perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention to off-campus internship were significantly different. It is hoped that the findings of this study would provide meaningful information for schools and industries when making policy on offcampus internship.
The CAG repeat polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene and breast cancer

BackgroundGenetic variants in hormone receptor genes may be crucial predisposing factors for breast cancer, and microsatellites in the androgen receptor gene (AR) have been suggested to play a role. The aim of the study was to determine the association between the length of the CAG repeats in the AR gene and the development of breast cancer. Methodology: In total, 75 breast cancer cases and 50 healthy controls were analyzed for CAG repeats in the AR gene by polymerase chain reaction and the GeneScan/Genotyping technique.ResultsCAG repeat genotypes and alleles distribution were found to be significantly different between breast cancer patients and controls (P < 0.05). While the presence of CAG repeats shorter than 22 (classified as short, S) increases the risk of breast cancer, the risk is reduced by the presence of CAG repeats longer than 22. In the group of patients with breast cancer, a high tumor stage was found to have a significant association with genotype S/S of CAG repeats in the AR gene.ConclusionOur results suggest that the length of CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene is associated with the risk of developing breast cancer.
Retrieving skin properties from in vivo spectral reflectance measurements

A previously developed inverse method was applied to in vivo normal‐hemispherical spectral reflectance measurements taken on the inner and outer forearm as well as the forehead of healthy white Caucasian and black African subjects. The inverse method was used to determine the thickness and melanin concentration in the epidermis, dermal blood volume fraction and oxygen saturation, and skin's spectral scattering coefficient. It was established that changes in melanin concentration due to racial difference and tanning, and differences in epidermal thickness and blood volume with anatomical location were detectable. The retrieved values were also consistent with independent measurements reported in the literature. The same method could be used for optical diagnosis of pathologies affecting the structure and pigmentation of human skin. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Allocentric Spatial Memory Testing Predicts Conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia: An Initial Proof-of-Concept Study

The hippocampus is one of the first regions to exhibit neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and knowledge of its role in allocentric spatial memory may therefore aid early diagnosis of AD. The 4 Mountains Test (4MT) is a short and easily administered test of spatial memory based on the cognitive map theory of hippocampal function as derived from rodent single cell and behavioral studies. The 4MT has been shown in previous cross-sectional studies to be sensitive and specific for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD. This report describes the initial results of a longitudinal study testing the hypothesis that allocentric spatial memory is predictive of conversion from MCI to dementia. Fifteen patients with MCI underwent baseline testing on the 4MT in addition to CSF amyloid/tau biomarker studies, volumetric MRI and neuropsychological assessment including the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Trail Making Test “B” (TMT-B). At 24 months, 9/15 patients had converted to AD dementia. The 4MT predicted conversion to AD with 93% accuracy (Cohen’s d = 2.52). The predictive accuracies of the comparator measures were as follows: CSF tau/β-amyloid1–42 ratio 92% (d = 1.81), RAVLT 64% (d = 0.41), TMT-B 78% (d = 1.56), and hippocampal volume 77% (d = 0.65). CSF tau levels were strongly negatively correlated with 4MT scores (r = −0.71). This proof-of-concept study provides initial support for the hypothesis that allocentric spatial memory testing is a predictive cognitive marker of hippocampal neurodegeneration in pre-dementia AD. The 4MT is a brief, non-invasive, straightforward spatial memory test and is therefore ideally suited for use in routine clinical diagnostic practice. This is of particular importance given the current unmet need for simple accurate diagnostic tests for early AD and the ongoing development of potential disease-modifying therapeutic agents, which may be more efficacious when given earlier in the disease course. By applying a test based on studies of hippocampal function in rodents to patient populations, this work represents the first step in the development of translatable biomarkers of hippocampal involvement in early AD for use in both animal models and human subjects.
Myocardial VEGF expression after cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia.

BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a heparin-binding glycoprotein that plays a critical role in angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, and regulation of vascular tone and permeability. Because myocardial and peripheral edema and systemic hypotension occur frequently after cardiac operations, we examined the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cardioplegia on gene expressions of VEGF protein and the VEGF tyrosine kinase receptor flk-1 and coronary vascular responses to VEGF. METHODS AND RESULTS Pigs (n = 6) were placed on normothermic CPB and hearts were arrested for 1 hour with a hyperkalemic, cold blood cardioplegic solution. Pigs were then separated from CPB and perfused off CPB for an additional 2 hours. Myocardial and skeletal muscle specimens were obtained for Northern analysis of VEGF protein, flk-1 receptor, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mRNA before CPB and after 2 hours of reperfusion. Isolated, precontracted coronary arterioles in pre-CPB dilated potently to exogenous VEGF (dilation = 26 +/- 4% of precontraction at 10(-12) mol/L VEGF). Cardioplegia-reperfusion was associated with a 4 +/- 2-fold (P < 0.05 vs pre-CPB) increase in myocardial VEGF protein mRNA, whereas no similar increase was observed in the skeletal muscle. Flk-1 mRNA was increased 6 +/- 3-fold (P < 0.05 vs pre-CPB) after reperfusion, whereas it was unchanged in the skeletal muscle. Relaxations of precontracted coronary arterioles to VEGF were significantly increased (40 +/- 6% at 10(-12) mol/L, P < 0.05 vs pre-CPB) after 2 hours of reperfusion, but those to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator ADP and the endothelium-independent vasodilator nitroprusside were not changed, suggesting that the VEGF receptors remain intact and function is selectively upregulated. In contrast, relaxation responses of microvessels to bFGF were not altered after cardioplegia-reperfusion, and there was no increase in bFGF mRNA in either myocardium or skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that VEGF protein and its flk-1 receptor gene expressions are selectively increased and the potent VEGF-induced vascular responses are enhanced in the coronary microcirculation after blood cardioplegia. The respective parameters are unchanged in the skeletal muscle after normothermic CPB. These findings may have important implications regarding postoperative coronary blood flow regulation, increases in myocardial edema, and vascular remodeling after cardioplegia-reperfusion.
On Bounding Jayanti's Distributed Mutual Exclusion Algorithm

Jayanti’s algorithm is one of the best known abortable mutual exclusion algorithms. This work is an attempt to overcome an already known limitation of the algorithm while preserving its all important properties and elegance. The limitation is that the token number used to assign process identification number to new incoming processes is unbounded. We have used a suitably adapted alternative data structure, in order to completely eliminate the use of token number, in the algorithm. Keywords—Abortable, deterministic, local spin, mutual exclusion.
Do Age and Experience Always Go Together? The Example of Indigenous Employment*

Labour market experience is central to labour economics, however, it can be difficult to measure in cross-sectional surveys for groups who voluntarily or involuntarily spend prolonged periods outside the labour force (e.g. incarceration). This paper uses census data on the age profiles of employment since 1981 to estimate the experience that Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations could be expected to have conditional on their age. This estimate is then compared with survey information on experience to generate an estimate of inconsistency between measured and expected experience. The differential is very small for the non-Indigenous population, but survey estimates for Indigenous people are substantially higher than the relevant population-based estimates. It is possible that this finding reflects the fact that the composition of the Indigenous population has changed over time, differences in recall bias or even selective mortality with persons with a more substantial employment history surviving longer.
Mcp5, a meiotic cell cortex protein, is required for nuclear movement mediated by dynein and microtubules in fission yeast

During meiotic prophase I of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, oscillatory nuclear movement occurs. This promotes homologous chromosome pairing and recombination and involves cortical dynein, which plays a pivotal role by generating a pulling force with the help of an unknown dynein anchor. We show that Mcp5, the homologue of the budding yeast dynein anchor Num1, may be this putative dynein anchor. mcp5 + is predominantly expressed during meiotic prophase, and GFP-Mcp5 localizes at the cell cortex. Moreover, the mcp5Δ strain lacks the oscillatory nuclear movement. Accordingly, homologous pairing and recombination rates of the mcp5Δ strain are significantly reduced. Furthermore, the cortical localization of dynein heavy chain 1 appears to be reduced in mcp5Δ cells. Finally, the full function of Mcp5 requires its coiled-coil and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. Our results suggest that Mcp5 localizes at the cell cortex through its PH domain and functions as a dynein anchor, thereby facilitating nuclear oscillation.
'Matrioshka's' soft approaches to personalized web exploration

In this paper, we present the soft approaches and techniques developed within Matrioshka, a prototypal meta-search system aimed at providing personalized exploratory facilities, ad- dressing the well known Ranked-List Problem. Matrioshka imple- ments a novel interaction framework that provides tools for cluster- ing documents retrieved by search engines, tools for exploring the content of clusters through the analysis of some cluster properties, tools for generating disambiguated queries from the clusters, and tools for combining the clusters to highlight their shared contents. All these tools are defined based on soft operations, in order to deal with intrinsic semantic ambiguity, imprecision and uncertainty of complex web searches. In this way, the user is supported in the deployment of complex web search exploratory activities.
Deviant Peer Influences in Programs for Youth: Problems and Solutions (Duke Series in Child Development and Public Policy)

Edited by Kenneth A. Dodge, Thomas J. Dishion, and Jennifer E. Lansford. New York: The Guilford Press, 2006. 462 pp. $49.00 hard cover; $26.00 soft cover. This provocative book describes what happens when delinquent or high-risk youth are grouped together for interventions that supposedly are
The effectiveness of schemes that refine referrals between primary and secondary care—the UK experience with glaucoma referrals: the Health Innovation & Education Cluster (HIEC) Glaucoma Pathways Project

Objectives A comparison of glaucoma referral refinement schemes (GRRS) in the UK during a time period of considerable change in national policy and guidance. Design Retrospective multisite review. Setting The outcomes of clinical examinations by optometrists with a specialist interest in glaucoma (OSIs) were compared with optometrists with no specialist interest in glaucoma (non-OSIs). Data from Huntingdon and Nottingham assessed non-OSI findings, while Manchester and Gloucestershire reviewed OSI findings. Participants 1086 patients. 434 patients were from Huntingdon, 179 from Manchester, 204 from Gloucestershire and 269 from Nottingham. Results The first-visit discharge rate (FVDR) for all time periods for OSIs was 14.1% compared with 36.1% from non-OSIs (difference 22%, CI 16.9% to 26.7%; p<0.001). The FVDR increased after the April 2009 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) glaucoma guidelines compared with pre-NICE, which was particularly evident when pre-NICE was compared with the current practice time period (OSIs 6.2–17.2%, difference 11%, CI −24.7% to 4.3%; p=0.18, non-OSIs 29.2–43.9%, difference 14.7%, CI −27.8% to −0.30%; p=0.03). Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) was the commonest reason for referral for OSIs and non-OSIs, 28.7% and 36.1%, respectively, of total referrals. The proportion of referrals for elevated IOP increased from 10.9% pre-NICE to 28.0% post-NICE for OSIs, and from 19% to 45.1% for non-OSIs. Conclusions In terms of ‘demand management’, OSIs can reduce FVDR of patients reviewed in secondary care; however, in terms of ‘patient safety’ this study also shows that overemphasis on IOP as a criterion for referral is having an adverse effect on both the non-OSIs and indeed the OSIs ability to detect glaucomatous optic nerve features. It is recommended that referral letters from non-OSIs be stratified for risk, directing high-risk patients straight to secondary care, and low-risk patients to OSIs.
Molecular Basis of the Death-Associated Protein Kinase–Calcium/Calmodulin Regulator Complex

The structure of the death-associated protein kinase and calmodulin complex reveals how calmodulin binding leads to kinase activation. The Long and Short of DAPK Binding Calcium-bound calmodulin (CaM) binds to and activates CaM-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs); however, the precise mechanism whereby CaM binding activates CaMKs has been unclear. Here, de Diego et al. describe the crystal structure of a prototypical CaMK, death-associated protein kinase (DAPK), in a complex with CaM to determine how CaM binding regulates DAPK activity. Intriguingly, they found that the conformation of CaM, when in a complex with DAPK protein, was distinct from the conformation that it assumed when in a complex with a short CaM-binding peptide (the DAPK autoregulatory domain). Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) provides a model for calcium-bound calmodulin (CaM)–dependent protein kinases (CaMKs). Here, we report the crystal structure of the binary DAPK-CaM complex, using a construct that includes the DAPK catalytic domain and adjacent autoregulatory domain. When DAPK was in a complex with CaM, the DAPK autoregulatory domain formed a long seven-turn helix. This DAPK-CaM module interacted with the DAPK catalytic domain through two separate domain-domain interfaces, which involved the upper and the lower lobe of the catalytic domain. When bound to DAPK, CaM adopted an extended conformation, which was different from that in CaM-CaMK peptide complexes. Complementary biochemical analysis showed that the ability of DAPK to bind CaM correlated with its catalytic activity. Because many features of CaM binding are conserved in other CaMKs, our findings likely provide a generally applicable model for regulation of CaMK activity.
Expression of trk receptors in the developing and adult human central and peripheral nervous system

A family of tyrosine receptor kinases known collectively as trk receptors plays an essential role in signal transduction mediated by nerve growth factor and related neurotrophins. To localize the major trk receptors (trkA, B and C) in the developing and adult central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous system, we generated monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to extracellular (MAbs E7, E13, E16, E21, E29) and intracellular (MAb I2) domains of human trkA fused to glutathione S‐transferase. Several MAbs (E7, E13, E16) recognized glycosylated trkA (gp 140trk and gp110trk) in Western blots, one MAb (E7) recognized non‐glycosylated (p80trk) and glycosylated trkA in immunoprecipitation assays, and two MAbs (E13, E29) detected trkA on the cell surface of NIH3T3 cells transfected with a trkA cDNA. Although generated to trkA fusion proteins, this panel of MAbs also recognized trkB and trkC in flow cytometric studies of NIH3T3 cells transfected with trkB or trkC cDNAs. Thus, we used these pan‐trk MAbs to probe selected regions of the CNS and PNS including the hippocampus, nucleus basalis of Meynert, cerebellum, spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) to localize trkA, B, and C receptors in the developing and adult human nervous system. These studies showed that trk receptors are expressed primarily by neurons and are detectable very early in the developing hippocampus, cerebellum, spinal cord, and DRG. Although the distribution and intensity of trk immunoreactivity changed with the progressive maturation of the CNS and PNS, immunoreactive trk receptors were detected in neurons of the adult human hippocampus, nucleus basalis of Meynert, cerebellum, spinal cord, and DRG. This first study of trk receptor proteins in the developing and adult human CNS and PNS documents the expression of these receptors in subsets of neurons throughout the developing and adult nervous system. Thus, although the expression of trk receptor proteins is developmentally regulated, the constitutive expression of these neurotrophin receptors by neurons in many regions of the adult human CNS and PNS implies that mature trk receptor‐bearing neurons retain the ability to respond to neurotrophins long after terminal neuronal differentiation is complete. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of a CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Response by Cross-priming Requires Cognate CD4+ T Cell Help

Class I–restricted presentation is usually associated with cytoplasmic degradation of cellular proteins and is often considered inaccessible to exogenous antigens. Nonetheless, certain exogenous elements can gain entry into this so-called endogenous pathway by a mechanism termed cross-presentation. This is known to be effective for class I–restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cross-priming directed against a variety of exogenous tumor, viral, and minor transplantation antigens. The related effect of cross-tolerance can also effectively eliminate responses to selected self components. In both cases, this presentation appears to require the active involvement of a bone marrow–derived antigen presenting cell (APC). Here, we show that CTL induction by cross-priming with cell-associated ovalbumin requires the active involvement of CD4+ helper T cells. Importantly, this CD4+ population is only effective when both the helper and CTL determinants are recognized on the same APC. Moreover, we would argue that the cognitive nature of this event suggests that the CD4+ T cell actively modifies the APC, converting it into an effective stimulator for the successful priming of the CTL precursor.
Feature-based automatic identification of interesting data segments in group movement data

The study of movement data is an important task in a variety of domains such as transportation, biology, or finance. Often, the data objects are grouped (e.g. countries by continents). We distinguish three main categories of movement data analysis, based on the focus of the analysis: (a) movement characteristics of an individual in the context of its group, (b) the dynamics of a given group, and (c) the comparison of the behavior of multiple groups. Examination of group movement data can be effectively supported by data analysis and visualization. In this respect, approaches based on analysis of derived movement characteristics (called features in this article) can be useful. However, current approaches are limited as they do not cover a broad range of situations and typically require manual feature monitoring. We present an enhanced set of movement analysis features and add automatic analysis of the features for filtering the interesting parts in large movement data sets. Using this approach, users can easily detect new interesting characteristics such as outliers, trends, and task-dependent data patterns even in large sets of data points over long time horizons. We demonstrate the usefulness with two real-world data sets from the socioeconomic and the financial domains.
Binding of Estrone to Microfiltration Hollow Fibre Membranes in Filtration of Solutions Containing Trace Estrone

Increased concern is being paid to the health and environmental risk caused by trace natural and synthetic hormones discharged from sewage treatment plant (STPs). This study, which is part of a larger project on investigation of hybrid membrane processes for trace hormones removal, focuses on binding of hormones to microfiltration hollow fibre membranes in filtration of solutions containing trace hormones. The adsorption capacity of the membrane, kinetics of adsorption and desorption of to/from microfiltration hollow fibre membranes, and the factors affecting adsorption to the membranes have been studied using estrone as model solute. The experiments showed that the adsorption of estrone to the microfiltration membranes could result in high retention of estrone molecules. However, since the mechanism of retention is adsorption rather than sieving, the retention decreases with increase in the amount of estrone accumulated on the membrane and breakthrough occurs when the accumulated estrone on the membrane reaches an equilibrium concentration corresponding to the feed concentration. For long-term operation, although membranes could be saturated by hormone molecules the membrane processes could still have a function of buffer for instantaneous high hormones concentration because the saturation surface concentration increased with the increase in the feed concentration. In addition, the experiments also indicated that the adsorption capacity of the membranes for hormones could be affected by membrane types, pH, affinity of hormones to water, as well as the presence of other organics. These results are of relevance to the potential release of trace hormones from water treatment systems where microfiltration membranes are used as a process barrier.