Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topological obstructions to embedding of a matrix algebra bundle into a trivial one

In the present paper we describe topological obstructions to embedding of a (complex) matrix algebra bundle into a trivial one under some additional arithmetic condition on their dimensions. We explain a relation between this problem and some principal bundles with structure groupoid. Finally, we briefly discuss a relation of our results to the twisted K-theory.
Subdivisions and connections of auditory cortex in owl monkeys

The organization and connections of auditory cortex in owl monkeys, Aotus trivirgatus, were investigated by combining microelectrode mapping methods with studies of architecture and connections in the same animals. In most experiments, portions of auditory cortex were first explored with microelectrodes, neurons were characterized as responsive or not to auditory stimuli, and best frequencies were determined whenever possible. Most recordings were in cortex previously designated as primary (A‐I) and rostral (R) auditory fields (Imig et al. J Comp Neurol 171:111, '77) and in a newly defined rostrotemporal field (RT) located rostral to R. Injections of wheat germ agglutinin‐horseradish peroxidase (WGAx‐HRP) and fluorescent tracers were placed in electrophysiologically identified locations of Ax‐I, R, and RT; the posterolateral (PL) and anterolateral (AL) divisions of a narrow belt of auditory cortex lateral and adjacent to Ax‐I and R; cortex of the superior temporal gyrus lateral and rostrolateral to PL and AL; and regions of prefrontal cortex that receive inputs from auditory cortex.
CONREAL web server: identification and visualization of conserved transcription factor binding sites

The use of orthologous sequences and phylogenetic footprinting approaches have become popular for the recognition of conserved and potentially functional sequences. Several algorithms have been developed for the identification of conserved transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs), which are characterized by their relatively short and degenerative recognition sequences. The CONREAL (conserved regulatory elements anchored alignment) web server provides a versatile interface to CONREAL-, LAGAN-, BLASTZ- and AVID-based predictions of conserved TFBSs in orthologous promoters. Comparative analysis using different algorithms can be started by keyword without any prior sequence retrieval. The interface is available at .
Modeling Human Learning as a Cooperative Multi Agent Interaction

In the Meta-Game of Learning, fashioned after the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma, teacher and student become agents that interact in an implicit game played within the context of formal learning. The Teacher can pose to the Student either hard or easy questions; the Student can respond with either right or wrong answers. When the hard questions are answered correctly, the Student is learning — the result of a cooperative action on the part of the two participating agents. In this paper we expand on the MGL, modeling the Student’s behavior and suggesting a simple basis for the complexity underlying real students’ responses in formal educational settings. We show that even a very simple model can account for much of the richness of typical classroom dynamics. We consider motivation, emotion and ability as contributing factors and present results of preliminary experiments applying our model and varying each of these factors.
Auditory Temporal Processing and Aging: Implications for Speech Understanding of Older People

Current estimates of the prevalence of age-related hearing loss among those over 65 years in the U.S. converge on an overall prevalence rate of approximately 50%, suggesting that there are currently 20 million senior citizens with significant hearing loss (Agrawal et al., 2008; Cruickshanks et al., 1998; Moscicki et al., 1985). Because the post-World War II baby generation (generally known as the Baby Boomers) is approaching retirement age (and hence known as the Golden Boomers), it is anticipated that the population of those over 65 years with age-related hearing loss will increase to 36 million by the year 2030. Perhaps the #1 communication challenge reported by older adults is difficulty understanding speech in less-than-ideal conditions. These conditions include poor acoustic environments (noise or reverberation) or speech that is produced by individuals with accents or fast speaking rates. The problems in speech understanding in demanding communication situations are reported by older people with hearing loss as well as those with normal hearing. One key challenge for researchers is to identify those aspects of the communication breakdown that are attributed to loss of hearing sensitivity vs. those that are associated with other factors that accompany aging.
DEVELOPMENTAL ANGIOGENESIS : EXPRESSION OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR ( VEGF ) IN THE DEVELOPING AVIAN LUNG

Objective: Developmental angiogenesis requires a sequential interplay between embryonic cells, growth factors and extracellular matrix components. VEGF is a specific and potent mitogen for endothelial cells that is expressed in a distinct temporo-spatial pattern during lung development. Developmental lung processes such as positioning of the lung primordium in the fore gut are not well understood so this work was designed to analyse the pattern of endogenous pulmonary VEGF expression at stages 19 to 40 (Hamburger and Hamilton) of avian development. Materials/Subjects and Methods: Developing lung bud sections of 5μm thickness, from the Domestic fowl at stages 19-43 were immunolocalized for VEGF, using standard immunofluorescence technique (primary goat anti-rabbit antibodies, detected with secondary Alexa Fluor® 568, red, Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG, 1: 300 dilution, SC) was viewed on an Olympus IX71 inverted fluorescent microscope and the images captured using Olympus analysis Software. Results: VEGF was found in epithelial cells from the trachea to parabronchi, at stage 22 (day 3.5) which increased with lung maturation, peaking at stage 40 (Day 14) and in the developing heart, kidney and spinal cord. Conclusions: VEGF expression is required from stage 22 and increases with efficiency of the avian lung in preparation for gas exchange and flight.
Advances in Brief Menin , a Tumor Suppressor , Represses JunD-Mediated Transcriptional Activity by Association with an mSin 3 A-Histone Deacetylase Complex 1

Menin, a gene product of multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN1), is known to act as a tumor suppressor to repress JunD transcription factor. However, the mechanism by which Menin represses JunD transcriptional activity was still unclear. In this study, we found that Menin is a corepressor against JunD transcriptional activity via recruitment of histone deacetylases in an mSin3A-dependent manner. The amino acid search revealed that central domain of Menin includes a -helical mSin3interacting domain [SID (371–387)]. The SID mutation of Menin (L381P/ A385P) abolished the interaction between mSin3A and paired amphipathic helix 2 domain of Menin and reduced its ability to repress JunD transcriptional activity, implicating that SID of Menin is important for recruiting an mSin3A-histone deacetylase complex to repress JunD transcriptional activity.
On physical layer security for cognitive radio networks with primary user interference

In this paper, we investigate the secondary network physical layer security under the outage constraint of the primary user (PU) receiver and interference from the PU transmitter to the secondary network. In particular, a secondary user (SU) transmitter sends confidential messages to trusted multiple SU receivers (SU-Rxs) in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers (EAVs). Further, we exploit multiuser diversity where the SU-Rx with best channel condition is scheduled for transmission. Then, analytical expressions of the probability of existence of non-zero secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability are obtained. Analytical and simulation results are provided to evaluate the effect of the number of SU-Rxs and number of EAVs on the secondary system. Interestingly, the numerical results show that the interference from the primary network to the secondary network is an important parameter to improve the secondary network security.
Benchmarking Computer Security Using WINE

• Field data. Some benchmarking results in the past have addressed privacy concerns by generating synthetic data, based on the observed statistical distributions of raw data samples collected [1]. However, because the cyberthreat landscape changes frequently, it is difficult to relate such benchmarking results with the real-world performance of the system-under-test [2]. We need to build upon real-world field observations and consequently deal with the associated ethic and legal concerns. • Reproducibility. Many security data sets have been mentioned in a single publication and then forgotten. Furthermore, researchers often do not have access to the data used in experiments conducted in other groups, which represents an obstacle for the independent verification of results, one of the basic tenets of scientific research. The data sets used in such experiments must be archived for future reference, and they should be made available to the research projects attempting quantitative comparisons against the prior art. • Representativeness. Due to the dynamic nature and the complexity of the threat landscape, it is expensive to build and maintain a sufficiently large and detailed snapshot that is representative of the current trends. Many research contributions are consequently proposed and validated on inappropriately-sized or biased data sets, and this can cast doubts on the real-world applicability of the proposed ideas and on the evaluation of their performance. • Ethics. A benchmark for computer security must necessarily include sensitive code and data. These artifacts could damage computer systems or could reveal personally identifiable information about the users affected by the cyber attacks recorded in the data set. For instance, the IP address of hosts initiating network-based attacks implicitly leaks information about the security state of individuals and organizations. Similarly, binary samples of malware must not be made available on the Internet to avoid the generation (even accidental) of infections. • Legal. Compliance with privacy laws often restricts the data collection, storage and exchange. We have previously expressed the need to build upon field data generated from real networks and users. This has multiple implications with respect to laws that limit access to the traffic or that address the storage of this information. These conflicting challenges increase the cost for creating and maintaining scientifically-sound security benchmarks, and they also raise important barriers for sharing this information among research groups. Consequently, it is common practice for research groups to maintain private benchmarks (e.g. malware collections) of different size and nature, with little attention to the challenges identified and reported in the past.
Changes in Food Habits among Pakistani Immigrant Women in Oslo, Norway

Objective South Asians are generally known to have high prevalence of diabetes type 2 and coronary heart diseases. The Pakistani immigrant group in Norway constitute a high-risk subgroup of the population that needs a selective prevention approach. The main objective of this study was to provide information on dietary change and factors leading to these changes in Pakistani women after migration from Punjab, Pakistan to Oslo, Norway. Such information is important in designing appropriate strategies for dietary counselling. Design Twenty-five Pakistani immigrant women, recruited through the Oslo Health Study 2000–2001, participated in focus group interviews. Each group met four times, aided by a moderator and professional interpreters. A model developed by Koctürk was tested for its usefulness in analysing the dietary changes. PRECEDE was used to organise and structure the factors that were found to cause the changes. Results According to the women, life in Norway has led to several changes in meal pattern, meal composition and intake of different foods. In accordance with the Koctürk model, the cultural importance of breakfast and lunch has diminished, and dinner has become the most important meal. Meals on weekends tend to be more traditional than on working days. The study gives limited support to the hypothesis that changes occur predominantly among the accessory foods and least among staples. The focus group interviews revealed a rich variety of factors influencing dietary change: health aspects, children's preferences, work schedules, social relations, stress, traditional beliefs, climate, season and access of foods. Conclusion To develop effective intervention strategies, it is vital to understand both how changes do occur and how different factors influence dietary habits. The Koctürk model was useful to structure the various foods and changes that may occur. Strategies for dietary counselling should not only include dietary advice but also focus on the multitude of factors causing dietary changes.
Graphene : properties, preparation, characterisation and devices

Part 1 Preparation of graphene: Epitaxial growth of graphene on silicon carbide (SiC) Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) growth of graphene films Chemically derived graphene Graphene produced by electrochemical exfoliation. Part 2 Characterization of graphene: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of graphene Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of graphene Raman spectroscopy of graphene Photoemission of low dimensional carbon systems. Part 3 Electronic transport properties of graphene and graphene devices: Electronic transport in graphene: Towards high mobility Electronic transport in bilayer graphene Effect of adsorbents on electronic transport in graphene Single charge transport in graphene Graphene spintronics Graphene nano-electro-mechanics (NEMS).
Distributed ranking in networks with limited memory and communication

We study a basic information ranking problem in networks where each node holds an individual preference over a set of items and the goal for each node is to identify a sorted list of items with the largest aggregate preference. We would like to achieve this with a fully decentralized algorithm that uses a limited per-node memory and limited pair-wise communications. We show how this problem can be reduced to a plurality selection problem where the goal for each node is to identify an item with the largest aggregate ranking score, and show that solving the reduced problem solves the original ranking problem with high probability. Then we introduce a simple and natural plurality selection algorithm for the selection over m >; 1 items that uses only log2(m) + 1 bits of per-node memory and per pair-wise communication. We prove correctness of the algorithm with high probability as the number of nodes grows large for the case when each node communicates with any other node, and establish tight convergence time bounds. The information ranking problem studied in this paper is a basic ranking problem that arises in various applications such as sorting elements in distributed computing systems, parallel databases, and may as well serve as a model of decentralized inference and opinion formation in distributed environments.
Deterministic Annealing: Fast Physical Heuristics for Real–Time Optimization of Large Systems

This paper systematically investigates the heuristical optimization technique known as deterministic annealing. This method is applicable to a large class of assignment and partitioning problems. Moreover, the established theoretical results, as well as the general algorithmic solution scheme, are largely independent of the objective functions under consideration. Deterministic annealing is derived from strict minimization principles, including a rigorous convergence analysis. We stress the close relation to homotopy methods, and discuss some of the most important strengths and weaknesses in this framework. Optimization results for unsupervised texture segmentation are presented for an autonomous robotics application.
Real-time implementation of an optical flow algorithm

This paper presents the implementation of an optical flow algorithm on a pipeline image processor The overall optical flow computation method is presented and evaluated on a common set of image sequences. Results are compared to other implementations according to two different error measures. Due to its deterministic architecture, this implementation achieves very low computation delays that allow it to operate at standard video frame-rate and resolutions. It compares favorably to recent implementations in parallel hardware.
Hybrid multi-agent system simulations: Cognitive and social agents

Simulating social and cognitive agent abilities is a very important aspect of agent-based computing. Multi-Agent Based Social Simulations (MABSS) could benefit from incorporating cognitive behaviours. A hybrid simulating approach, considering social and cognitive abilities, provides a more realistic basis for modelling agents and their social interactions. But, how social and cognitive behaviours could be supported simultaneously in MABSS? Is it always advantageous using cognitive capabilities into social simulations? This paper offers a set of general considerations about how cognitive capabilities could be integrated into social multi-agent simulations. It points out the most relevant cognitive requirements of social simulations of a great amount of real scenarios where some agents could carry out cognitive processing while others (a great majority) behave in reactive way. The suitability of several alternatives for integrating social and cognitive capabilities of agents are discussed. The paper also offers several efficiency related arguments and recommendations for using one of the three considered approaches.
Pregnancy induces a modulation of the cAMP phosphodiesterase 4-conformers ratio in human myometrium: consequences for the utero-relaxant effect of PDE4-selective inhibitors.

The inhibitory impacts of RP 73401, a phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) selective inhibitor of the second generation, versus rolipram, the prototypal PDE4 inhibitor, were evaluated and compared on cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity and contractility of the myometrium in nonpregnant and pregnant women. In enzymatic studies, RP 73401 and rolipram inhibited the cAMP PDE activity with significantly greater maximal efficiency in the myometrium of pregnant compared with nonpregnant women (75 versus 55%; P <.05). Although myometrial PDE4 presented a single class of interaction with RP 73401 [pD(2) (-log [IC(50)]) = -8.2], it exhibited at least two classes of interaction with rolipram (pD(2) = -8.2 and -5.6). In the myometrium of pregnant versus nonpregnant women, rolipram is significantly more efficacious in the concentration range >0.01 to 100 microM (P <.01), whereas no difference was observed for the concentration range <0.01 microM. In contractility studies, RP 73401 was equally effective in relaxing myometrial strips from both nonpregnant and pregnant women (pD(2) = -8.8). Conversely, the ability of rolipram to inhibit contractions of the myometrium in pregnant women was significantly lower (pD(2) = -7.2) compared with that in nonpregnant women (pD(2) = -8.2; P <. 01). Concomitantly, in the myometrium of pregnant women, a rise in immunoreactive PDE4B2 signal was detected, whereas the PDE4D3 signal was less intense. These results demonstrate that parallel to an accumulation of PDE4B2 isoform, a modification in the ratio of PDE4 conformers HPDE4 and LPDE4 (conformer that binds rolipram with high and low affinity, respectively) occurs in the myometrium of near-term pregnant women with an increase of LPDE4 functionally implicated in the contractile process. Such modifications provide a strong rationale to propose LPDE4 as potential pharmacologic targets for the design of new tocolytic treatments.
Potential risk factors for recurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis

Among UK residents of South Asian descent potential risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and, possibly, also for its recurrence, include vitamin D deficiency (as proposed by Crofts et al ),1 the population-attributable fraction (PAF) for PTB attributable to diabetes mellitus,2 and end-stage chronic kidney disease(CKD). …
Neural Representation. A Survey-Based Analysis of the Notion

The word representation (as in “neural representation”), and many of its related terms, such as to represent, representational and the like, play a central explanatory role in neuroscience literature. For instance, in “place cell” literature, place cells are extensively associated with their role in “the representation of space. ” In spite of its extended use, we still lack a clear, universal and widely accepted view on what it means for a nervous system to represent something, on what makes a neural activity a representation, and on what is re-presented. The lack of a theoretical foundation and definition of the notion has not hindered actual research. My aim here is to identify how active scientists use the notion of neural representation, and eventually to list a set of criteria, based on actual use, that can help in distinguishing between genuine or non-genuine neural-representation candidates. In order to attain this objective, I present first the results of a survey of authors within two domains, place-cell and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) research. Based on the authors’ replies, and on a review of neuroscientific research, I outline a set of common properties that an account of neural representation seems to require. I then apply these properties to assess the use of the notion in two domains of the survey, place-cell and MVPA studies. I conclude by exploring a shift in the notion of representation suggested by recent literature.
Digital Government and Public Health

Digital government is typically defined as the production and delivery of information and services inside government and between government and the public using a range of information and communication technologies. Two types of government relationships with other entities are government-to-citizen and government-to-government relationships. Both offer opportunities and challenges. Assessment of a public health agency's readiness for digital government includes examination of technical, managerial, and political capabilities. Public health agencies are especially challenged by a lack of funding for technical infrastructure and expertise, by privacy and security issues, and by lack of Internet access for low-income and marginalized populations. Public health agencies understand the difficulties of working across agencies and levels of government, but the development of new, integrated e-programs will require more than technical change — it will require a profound change in paradigm.
A Smartphone Malware Detection Framework Based on Artificial Immunology

With the sharp increase in the number of smartphones, the Android platform pose to becoming a market leader that makes the need for malware analysis on this platform an urgent issue. The current Artificial Immune-Based malware detection systems research focus on traditional computers that uses information from OS or network, but the smartphone software behavior has its own structure and semantics. Current research cannot detect malware in smartphone exactly and efficiently. To address these problems, in this paper, we capitalize on earlier approaches for dynamic analysis of application behavior as a means for detecting malware in the smartphone. An Artificial Immune-Based Smartphone Malware Detection Framework is brought forwards and a prototype system is implemented, the experiment result show that the system can obtain higher detection rate and decrease the false positive rate.