Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recognizing entailment in Chinese texts with feature combination

In recent years, the natural language processing community has been manifesting increasing interest in textual entailment recognition among English texts. Yet, so far, not much attention has been paid to textual entailment recognition in Chinese texts. Recognizing entailment can be cast as a classification problem, and in this paper, a classification model based on support vector machine is constructed to detect semantic relations in Chinese text pair, including forward entailment, reverse entailment, bidirectional entailment, contradiction and independence for the multi-class task. We introduce different feature combinations based on four kinds of features, containing Chinese surface textual, Chinese lexical semantic, Chinese syntactic and Chinese linguistic phenomena features, to our classification model. The experimental results on NTCIR RITE-3 data collection show that the accuracy of our classification model using the feature combination with all the four kinds of Chinese textual features achieves a much better performance than all other systems on multi-class task.
Striking the balance or tipping the scales? The HREOC Women, Men, Work and Family discussion paper

In June 2005, Pru Goward, the Sex Discrimination Commissioner for the Federal Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC) launched a discussion paper in an effort to start what she termed a ‘national conversation’ about paid and unpaid work and ‘the choices we make about who does it’. 1 Entitled Striking the Balance: Women, Men, Work and Family,2 the Discussion Paper comes out of the first stage of the Commission’s project on paid work and family responsibilities. This project is, in Goward’s words, ‘fundamentally concerned with the choices men and women make about how they spend their unpaid work time and the effect this has on their choices and opportunities in paid work’. 3 The Discussion Paper aims to stimulate and contribute to public debate on current practices and attitudes to combining work and family among Australian men and women.4 To get feedback on the issues raised in the Discussion Paper, the public has been invited to make written submissions to HREOC. Together with national consultations undertaken by the Sex Discrimination Commissioner, these submissions will be used to inform the final paper from the Striking the Balance project to be released in 2006.5 While eschewing the title ‘inquiry’, the Striking the Balance project follows a number of important inquiries and reviews by various Federal Sex Discrimination Commissioners since the early 1990s. In 1991/1992 for example, the Inquiry into Sex Discrimination in Overaward Payments6 provided some impetus for addressing the impact of overaward payments on gender pay equity in the award restructuring process in several industries. In 1992, the Review of Permanent Exemptions under the Sex Discrimination Act
Gender and party politics

Book synopsis: How have the political parties of the liberal democratic states responded to women's demands for political representation? To answer this question, the authors examine 11 democratic states, relating what has happened to theories of representation and gender politics. They trace developments in party systems as political parties have implemented new systems of candidate selection, new means of policymaking, the reform of internal structures and the establishment of new structures. The interaction between gender and party politics is shown to be of direct importance to the understanding of the political status of women. This is the only source of its kind on this important topic and makes a valuable contribution to the literature on political parties and women's studies for researchers and students.
Simulation of Weakly Self-Similar Stationary Increment Sub ’ ð Þ-Processes : A Series Expansion Approach

We consider simulation of Sub’ð Þ-processes that are weakly selfsimilar with stationary increments in the sense that they have the covariance function R t; s ð Þ 1⁄4 1 2 t þ s t s j j or some H 2 (0, 1). This means that the second order structure of the processes is that of the fractional Brownian motion. Also, if H > 1 2 then the process is long-range dependent. The simulation is based on a series expansion of the fractional Brownian motion due to Dzhaparidze and van Zanten. We prove an estimate of the accuracy of the simulation in the space C([0, 1]) of continuous functions equipped with the usual sup-norm. The result holds also for the fractional Brownian motion which may be considered as a special case of a Subx2=2 ð Þ-process.
Learning Objects Clustering based on Semantic Understanding of Text

To discover knowledge form the available volumes of learning objects, the tasks to manage, analyze, search, filter, and summarize them should be automated. This requires understanding of the objects' contents. The main objective of our work is to advance the state-of-the-art techniques in learning objects mining by developing and demonstrating the use of semantic understanding as basis of its mechanisms. The approach is based on semantic notions to represent text, and to estimate distances between the represented text contents of the objects. The representation reflects existing relations between concepts and facilitates accurate similarity judgments that results in better mining performance. Mining processes are carried out by the developed models and algorithms. In this paper, the application of the semantic understanding-based approach in clustering learning objects is presented. Experimental work is reported, and its results are presented and analyzed
Increased rhythmicity in hypertensive arterial smooth muscle is linked to transient receptor potential canonical channels

Vasomotion describes oscillations of arterial vascular tone due to synchronized changes of intracellular calcium concentrations. Since increased calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) has been associated with variances of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels, in the present study we tested the hypothesis that increased vasomotion in hypertension is directly linked to increased TRPC expression. Using a small vessel myograph we observed significantly increased norepinephrine‐induced vasomotion in mesenteric arterioles from SHR compared to normotensive Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats. Using immunoblottings we obtained significantly increased expression of TRPC1, TRPC3 and TRPC5 in mesenteric arterioles from SHR compared to WKY, whereas TRPC4 and TRPC6 showed no differences. Norepinephrine‐induced vasomotion from SHR was significantly reduced in the presence of verapamil, SKF96365, 2‐aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2‐APB) or gadolinium. Pre‐incubation of mesenteric arterioles with anti‐TRPC1 and anti‐TRPC3 antibodies significantly reduced norepinephrine‐induced vasomotion and calcium influx. Control experiments with pre‐incubation of TRPC antibodies plus their respective antigenic peptide or in the presence of anti‐β‐actin antibodies or random immunoglobulins not related to TRPC channels showed no inhibitory effects of norepinephrine‐induced vasomotion and calcium influx. Administration of candesartan or telmisartan, but not amlodipine to SHR for 16 weeks significantly reduced either the expression of TRPC1, TRPC3 and TRPC5 as well as norepinephrine‐induced vasomotion in mesenteric arterioles. In conclusion we gave experimental evidence that the increased TRPC1, TRPC3 and TRPC5 expression in mesenteric arterioles from SHR causes increased vasomotion in hypertension.
Explicit error bounds for an adaptive finite volume scheme

Received September , 2011Received in revised form November, 2011Abstract — A new technique for the implementation of cell-centered ﬁnite volume schemesis proposed. It is based on an equivalence between these schemes and the non-conformingCrouzeix-Raviart ﬁnite element approximation. Though the implementation somewhat increasesthe number of unknowns, it brings two signiﬁcant advantages that make it attractive. On the onehand the resulting formulation is well-deﬁned on general unstructured meshes, with no restric-tion on (or ad-hoc treatment of) obtuse angles. On the other hand, it automatically provides avery effective, asymptotically exact, error estimator. An adaptive ﬁnite volume method, basedon this estimator, is proposed and tested. It turns out to be remarkable for its exactness, even incoarse meshes.Keywords: Finite Volume, Mixed Finite Element, Nonconforming Finite Element AdaptiveMethod, Error Estimator.
A Hybrid Method for Distance Metric Learning

We consider the problem of learning a measure of distance among vectors in a feature space and propose a hybrid method that simultaneously learns from similarity ratings assigned to pairs of vectors and class labels assigned to individual vectors. Our method is based on a generative model in which class labels can provide information that is not encoded in feature vectors but yet relates to perceived similarity between objects. Experiments with synthetic data as well as a real medical image retrieval problem demonstrate that leveraging class labels through use of our method improves retrieval performance significantly.
Working on the Threshold of the Human Error in Maintenance Tasks

In this paper a new way to face the threshold of Human Error is presented. It explains the mean of threshold from the neuroscience discipline and how it must be applied in maintenance tasks for Nuclear Power Plants. This paper proposes incorporate tools of augmented reality and presents a framework that defines the rules and bounds for its implementation in maintenance tasks. An overview of Human Error is presented to introduce the main issues in the right context. Finally a discussion on the proposed application is carried out on a number of maintenance tasks in nuclear facilities.
Secure Communication in Stochastic Wireless Networks

Information-theoretic security -- widely accepted as the strictest notion of security -- relies on channel coding techniques that exploit the inherent randomness of the propagation channels to significantly strengthen the security of digital communications systems. Motivated by recent developments in the field, this paper aims at a characterization of the fundamental secrecy limits of wireless networks. Based on a general model in which legitimate nodes and potential eavesdroppers are randomly scattered in space, the intrinsically secure communications graph (iS-graph) is defined from the point of view of information-theoretic security. Conclusive results are provided for the local connectivity of the Poisson iS-graph, in terms of node degrees and isolation probabilities. It is shown how the secure connectivity of the network varies with the wireless propagation effects, the secrecy rate threshold of each link, and the noise powers of legitimate nodes and eavesdroppers. Sectorized transmission and eavesdropper neutralization are explored as viable strategies for improving the secure connectivity. Lastly, the maximum secrecy rate between a node and each of its neighbours is characterized, and the case of colluding eavesdroppers is studied. The results help clarify how the spatial density of eavesdroppers can compromise the intrinsic security of wireless networks.
A Practical and Extendible VANETs Privacy-Preserving System

VANETs are the academic and industry research priorities in recent years. Security and privacy-preserving have become a bottleneck for VANETs’ future developing. There are few literatures about the architecture of VANETs privacy-protecting system. In this paper, we introduce a practical VANETs Privacy-Preserving System which aims to the prior location and identity privacy protecting. We propose the architecture and do some close analysis about that. The proposed system is based on the key technologies such as TP4RS protocol, and achieves some good features: the system not only can provide good identity and location privacy protecting for the vehicles, but also can be implemented and deployed well because of its practical design and expandability. To the best of our knowledge, our scheme is the first architecture design scheme for the practical VANETs privacy protecting system.
British Industrial Concentration: A Comment

If concentration has economic content, it is in relation to a definable market. Market structure in turn is composed of at least three main elements, including entry barriers and buyer's conditions, as well as seller concentration [2, 10, 15, 16]. Even perfect seller concentration ratios are therefore only part of the phenomenon. Compounding these difficulties, many Census industries are far off true market boundaries, because they ignore foreign trade and regional markets within national industries, and because they include noncompeting products [2, 10, 15]. Sawyer mentions these problems (pp. 353-4), but he does not attempt to correct the ratios explicitly for them. He then estimates ratios for 3-digit industries, using size distributions of employment. These underlie his later appraisals, comparisons, and regressions. The more precise set of 281 Census 4-digit ratios, covering 68 per cent of sales in 1963, are regarded (p. 356) as a 'sample' and are used only to attest the upward 1958-63 shift. Sawyer's apparent reason for relying on his 3-digit estimates is that the other data which he will use for hypothesis-testing are given by the Census only on that basis. But the defects of the 3-digit ratios may in fact vitiate such testing, as well as undermine his estimates of the extent of concentration. Many 3-digit industries are quite heterogenous (general chemicals, for example), many are local (bread, for example), and many are deeply affected by foreign trade (as also are 4-digit industries). The adjustments required to approximate true concentration and avoid substantive error would be large in many cases, but they are not done. In addition, his upper and lower bound estimates of concentration ratios raise technical problems. They involve an assumption that maximum firm size is 'some very large number' (Appendix III). In 37 of the 117 cases in 1963 (see his Appendix II), largest-firm-size Census data were lumped together for eight or more firms, even though his estimates are meant to be for four firms. In 73 of 234 cases in the two years, it appears
Super-orthogonal space-time trellis coding with transmit antenna selection

In this paper, combination of transmit antenna selection and super-orthogonal space-time trellis coding technique is proposed, the transmit antenna selection criterion is given and the error performance curves obtained by computer simulations for quasi-static Rayleigh fading channels are presented. It is shown that the proposed scheme provides much better error performance than the conventional spacetime coding schemes with transmit antenna selection. 1. Giris
The effect of trade liberalisation on export-oriented output and FDI: a case study of the Mauritian EPZ, 1971-1998

The export-processing zone in Mauritius has existed side-by-side with a highly protected importcompeting sector. The enclave status of an EPZ is supposed, in theory, to insulate the zone against the extra-zone protectionist regime. In that case, will trade liberalization affect EPZ activity? This is the question that the paper seeks to investigate: theoretically, by constructing models of exported-oriented FDI and an EPZ-based economy a la Heckscher-Ohlin and considering the feedback effects between the two when trade is liberalized and empirically using data from the Mauritian economy over the period 1971-1998. It is shown that a tariff cut leads to an initial expansion of EPZ activity that is subsequently magnified by induced FDI flows and domestic investment in the zone. The paper finds that the most important phase of trade reform – that started in 1984 – had a marked impact on both domestic and foreign investment in the EPZ, resulting in a significant increase in EPZ production and export in line with the predictions of the theoretical model. Keywords : Foreign Direct Investment, Trade Liberalization, Export-Processing Zone, Mauritius JEL Classification : F13 F14 F21
Blind Forensics of Successive Geometric Transformations in Digital Images Using Spectral Method: Theory and Applications

Geometric transformations, such as resizing and rotation, are almost always needed when two or more images are spliced together to create convincing image forgeries. In recent years, researchers have developed many digital forensic techniques to identify these operations. Most previous works in this area focus on the analysis of images that have undergone single geometric transformations, e.g., resizing or rotation. In several recent works, researchers have addressed yet another practical and realistic situation: successive geometric transformations, e.g., repeated resizing, resizing-rotation, rotation-resizing, and repeated rotation. We will also concentrate on this topic in this paper. Specifically, we present an in-depth analysis in the frequency domain of the second-order statistics of the geometrically transformed images. We give an exact formulation of how the parameters of the first and second geometric transformations influence the appearance of periodic artifacts. The expected positions of characteristic resampling peaks are analytically derived. The theory developed here helps to address the gap left by previous works on this topic and is useful for image security and authentication, in particular, the forensics of geometric transformations in digital images. As an application of the developed theory, we present an effective method that allows one to distinguish between the aforementioned four different processing chains. The proposed method can further estimate all the geometric transformation parameters. This may provide useful clues for image forgery detection.
Computer-Assisted Navigation in High Tibial Osteotomy: A Systematic Review of the Literature

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a procedure which aims to change the mechanical axis of the lower limb, transferring the body weight across healthy articular cartilage. Several studies have shown that accurate correction is the leading predictor for success. In this article, we systematically review the computer-assisted techniques that have been used in attempts to increase the accuracy of the surgery and improve postoperative outcomes. The results of the cadaveric and clinical studies to date are presented and the benefits and pitfalls of navigation are discussed.
A N EFFICIENT METHOD OF BUILDING

As the deregulation and great advance of new technologies, the competition in wireless telecommunication industry is getting severe. Hence, churn prediction and management have become of great concern to the mobile operators. Therefore they wish to retain their subscribers and satisfy their needs. Previous methods address the homogeneous social network analysis for churn prediction by considering the single relation. From the point of view of data mining, a social network is a dynamic, heterogeneous and multirelational in nature. Typical work on social network analysis includes the construction of multi-relational telecommunication social network and discovery of group of customers who share similar properties and classify the customers as churners and non-churners. In this paper we explore the various methods of representing the social networks. Considering the multi-relational data while constructing the telecom social network will increase the efficiency in prediction of customer churning.
Bridgeland-stable moduli spaces for $K$-trivial surfaces

It is shown that a Banach space admits an equivalent norm whose modulus of uniform convexity has power-type p if and only if it is Markov p-convex. Counterexamples are constructed to natural questions related to isomorphic uniform convexity of metric spaces, showing in particular that tree metrics fail to have the dichotomy property.
Distributed demand response and user adaptation in smart grids

This paper proposes a distributed framework for demand response and user adaptation in smart grid networks. In particular, we borrow the concept of congestion pricing in Internet traffic control and show that pricing information is very useful to regulate user demand and hence balance network load. User preference is modeled as a willingness to pay parameter which can be seen as an indicator of differential quality of service. Both analysis and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the dynamics and convergence behavior of the algorithm.
Diffusion-Driven Looping Provides a Consistent Framework for Chromatin Organization

Chromatin folding inside the interphase nucleus of eukaryotic cells is done on multiple scales of length and time. Despite recent progress in understanding the folding motifs of chromatin, the higher-order structure still remains elusive. Various experimental studies reveal a tight connection between genome folding and function. Chromosomes fold into a confined subspace of the nucleus and form distinct territories. Chromatin looping seems to play a dominant role both in transcriptional regulation as well as in chromatin organization and has been assumed to be mediated by long-range interactions in many polymer models. However, it remains a crucial question which mechanisms are necessary to make two chromatin regions become co-located, i.e. have them in spatial proximity. We demonstrate that the formation of loops can be accomplished solely on the basis of diffusional motion. The probabilistic nature of temporary contacts mimics the effects of proteins, e.g. transcription factors, in the solvent. We establish testable quantitative predictions by deriving scale-independent measures for comparison to experimental data. In this Dynamic Loop (DL) model, the co-localization probability of distant elements is strongly increased compared to linear non-looping chains. The model correctly describes folding into a confined space as well as the experimentally observed cell-to-cell variation. Most importantly, at biological densities, model chromosomes occupy distinct territories showing less inter-chromosomal contacts than linear chains. Thus, dynamic diffusion-based looping, i.e. gene co-localization, provides a consistent framework for chromatin organization in eukaryotic interphase nuclei.
Acute rejection of murine bone marrow allografts by natural killer cells and T cells. Differences in kinetics and target antigens recognized

Lethally irradiated C.B-17 +/+, C.B-17 scid/scid (severe combined immunodeficiency, SCID), BALB/c-nu/nu (nude), and C57BL/6 (B6) mice were challenged with H-2-homozygous or H-2-heterozygous totally allogeneic bone marrow cell (BMC) grafts. Some of the irradiated mice were immunized simultaneously with large numbers of irradiated marrow and spleen cells syngeneic with the viable BMC transferred. Irradiated SCID and nude mice, devoid of T cells but with normal NK cell function, were able to reject H-2-homozygous BMC grafts within 4 d. However, they were unable to reject H-2-heterozygous BMC allografts by 7 d even if they were immunized. B6 and C.B-17 +/+ mice were able to reject H-2 heterozygous BMC allografts by 7-8 d, but not as early as 4 d, if they were immunized. The rejection of H-2-homozygous BMC on day 4 was inhibited by administration of anti-NK-1.1 antibodies, but not by anti- Lyt-2 antibodies. Conversely, the rejection of H-2-heterozygous allogeneic BMC on day 8 was prevented by anti-Lyt-2 but not by anti-NK- 1.1 antibodies. The data indicate that both NK cells and Lyt-2+ T cells can mediate rejection of allogeneic BMC acutely, even after exposure of mice to lethal doses of ionizing irradiation. NK cells appear to recognize Hemopoietic histocompatibility (Hh) antigens on H-2 homozygous stem cells. The inability of SCID and nude mice to reject H- 2 heterozygous totally allogeneic BMC indicate that NK cells do not survey donor marrow cells for self H-2 antigens and reject those cells that express nonself H-2 antigens. The T cells presumably recognize conventional H-2 antigens (probably class I) under these conditions.