Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CLIMATE INSTABILITY ON TIDALLY LOCKED EXOPLANETS

Feedbacks that can destabilize the climates of synchronously rotating rocky planets may arise on planets with strong day–night surface temperature contrasts. Earth-like habitable planets maintain stable surface liquid water over geologic time. This requires equilibrium between the temperature-dependent rate of greenhouse-gas consumption by weathering, and greenhouse-gas resupply by other processes. Detected small-radius exoplanets, and anticipated M-dwarf habitable-zone rocky planets, are expected to be in synchronous rotation (tidally locked). In this paper, we investigate two hypothetical feedbacks that can destabilize climate on planets in synchronous rotation. (1) If small changes in pressure alter the temperature distribution across a planet's surface such that the weathering rate goes up when the pressure goes down, a runaway positive feedback occurs involving increasing weathering rate near the substellar point, decreasing pressure, and increasing substellar surface temperature. We call this feedback enhanced substellar weathering instability (ESWI). (2) When decreases in pressure increase the fraction of surface area above the melting point (through reduced advective cooling of the substellar point), and the corresponding increase in volume of liquid causes net dissolution of the atmosphere, a further decrease in pressure will occur. This substellar dissolution feedback can also cause a runaway climate shift. We use an idealized energy balance model to map out the conditions under which these instabilities may occur. In this simplified model, the weathering runaway can shrink the habitable zone and cause geologically rapid 103-fold atmospheric pressure shifts within the habitable zone. Mars may have undergone a weathering runaway in the past. Substellar dissolution is usually a negative feedback or weak positive feedback on changes in atmospheric pressure. It can only cause runaway changes for small, deep oceans and highly soluble atmospheric gases. Both instabilities are suppressed if the atmosphere has a high radiative efficiency. Our results are most relevant for atmospheres that are thin, have low greenhouse-gas radiative efficiency, and have a principal greenhouse gas that is also the main constituent of the atmosphere. ESWI also requires land near the substellar point, and tectonic resurfacing (volcanism, mountain-building) is needed for large jumps in pressure. These results identify a new pathway by which habitable-zone planets can undergo rapid climate shifts and become uninhabitable.
Twice-Daily Administration of a Long-Acting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Has Greater Effects on Neurohumoral Factors than a Once-Daily Regimen in Patients with Chronic Congestive Heart Failure

Although many clinical trials have evaluated the use of long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF), there are no data regarding whether a once-daily or twice-daily regimen is preferable with respect to effects on the neuroendocrine system. To address this issue, the authors evaluated the comparative effects of the administration schedule on neurohumoral factors and autonomic nervous activity in patients with CHF. Thirty-two patients with mild compensated CHF received lisinopril (5–20 mg/d) orally either once a day (n = 17) or twice a day (n = 15) for more than 3 months. After this initial therapy, patients receiving a once-daily regimen switched to a twice-daily regimen and vice-versa, and patients were followed for an additional 3 months. Neurohumoral factors and the coefficient of variance in the electrocardiographic R-R interval (CVRR) were measured. Hemodynamic parameters, renal function, plasma concentrations of brain natriuretic peptide and aldosterone, and CVRR did not differ between the two regimens. However, the plasma concentration of norepinephrine was significantly lower, and plasma renin activity tended to be lower with the twice-daily regimen. These findings suggest that twice-daily administration of long-acting ACE inhibitors may have better effects on the neuroendocrine system than a once-daily regimen in patients with mild CHF.
Recursive Segmentation Procedure Based on the Akaike Information Criterion Test

This study proposes a recursive segmentation procedure for multivariate time series based on Akaike information criterion. The Akaike information criterion, between independently identically distributed multivariate Gaussian samples and two successive segments drawn from different multivariate Gaussian distributions, is used as a discriminator to segment multivariate time series. The bootstrap method is employed in order to evaluate the statistical significance level. The proposed method is performed for an artificial multi-dimensional time series consisting of two segments with different statistics. The log-return time series of currency exchange rates for 30 currency pairs for the period from January 4, 2001 to December 30, 2011 are also divided into 11 segments with the proposed method. This method confirms that some segments correspond to historical events recorded as critical situations.
Differential Expression of MicroRNAs in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Their Role in Racial Disparity

Objective MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play important roles in the diagnosis and prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), and they are useful in developing targeted therapies. However, there have been no studies on the existence of racial differences in miRNAs expression that could explain differential overall survival of PTC patients. Expression analysis of miRNAs in major racial groups would be important for optimizing personalized treatment strategies. In the current study, we assessed the differential expression of 8 miRNAs between normal and tumor tissues, and also assessed racial differences between African American (AA) and Caucasian American (CA). Methods First, the miRNA expression profiling was performed using formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue sections of tumor containing over 70% tumor cells. Normal and tumor sections of thyroid tissues were studied from AA and CA patients. The miRNA microarray profiling was done using miRBase version 18 (LC Sciences, Houston, TX, USA). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate expression of 8 selected miRNAs. Results Ingenuity pathway analysis showed involvement of target genes, such as Ras and NF-κB. Deregulated miRNAs such as miR-221 and miR-31 were found to be statistically significant between the two races. Using qRT-PCR, we found that miR-21, miR-146b, miR-221, miR-222, miR-31, and miR-3613 were up-regulated while miR-138 and miR-98 were down-regulated in tumors compared to normal tissues. Conclusion Though sample size was small, we found several deregulated miRNAs having racial differences. The differential expression of miRNAs suggest that these miRNAs and their target genes could be useful to gain further mechanistic insight of PTC and their clinical implications, including miRNA replacement therapy or their knockdown strategies.
Multimedia output devices and techniques

This brief review of the state of the art in output devices is written from a perspective of two basic questions. How closely do current devices come to reaching the limits of the human capacity to receive information? What are the prospects for improvement? This overview is divided into sections dealing with visual, auditory and touch displays, followed by VR displays, which integrate all three types of system. For a much more detailed review, the best single reference is Barfield et al. [1995].
Simplified Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems

Type reduction (TR) followed by defuzzification is commonly used in interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems (IT2 FLSs). Because of the iterative nature of TR, it may be a computational bottleneck for the real-time applications of an IT2 FLS. This has led to many direct approaches to defuzzification that bypass TR, the simplest of which is the Nie-Tan direct defuzzification method (NT method). This paper provides some theoretical analyses of the NT method that answer the question “Why is the NT method good to use? ” This paper also provides a direct relationship between TR followed by defuzzification (using KM algorithms) and the NT method. It also provides an improved NT method. Numerical examples illustrate our theoretical results and suggest that the NT method is a very good way to simplify an interval type-2 fuzzy set.
Monitoreo ambulatorio y generación de alertas tempranas ante anomalías cardiacas usando dispositivos móviles

En este articulo se presenta un sistema portatil para el monitoreo ambulatorio del ritmo cardiaco y la deteccion temprana de las arritmias cardiacas de mayor riesgo . El sistema consta de un sensor con tres electrodos superficiales para la captura de la senal ECG, la cual se transmite via Bluetooth a un dispositivo movil con Android, en donde se realiza el analisis de la senal capturada durante lapsos de 5 s. El sistema propuesto distingue entre Ritmo Normal (Ritmo Sinusal - RS) , Taquicardia Ventricular (TV) , Fibrilacion Ventricular (FV) y Asistolia, con una precision del 100%, 55%, 75% y 90% respectivamente. Sin embargo, el sistema puede recuperarse de los errores rapidamente en el analisis de la trama subsecuente. Este trabajo se centra en el uso de dispositivos moviles de uso cotidiano, multitarea y de facil acceso, implementando algoritmos en el dominio del tiempo para la extraccion de parametros, los cuales son idoneos para ser usados en aplicaciones moviles principalmente por su baja carga computacional y posibilidad de ejecucion en tiempo real, permitiendo la deteccion de anomalias cardiacas de forma automatica y rapida sin la necesidad de una supervision constante por parte de un especialista para el analisis preliminar.
Electronic Noses and Tongues: Applications for the Food and Pharmaceutical Industries

The electronic nose (e-nose) is designed to crudely mimic the mammalian nose in that most contain sensors that non-selectively interact with odor molecules to produce some sort of signal that is then sent to a computer that uses multivariate statistics to determine patterns in the data. This pattern recognition is used to determine that one sample is similar or different from another based on headspace volatiles. There are different types of e-nose sensors including organic polymers, metal oxides, quartz crystal microbalance and even gas-chromatography (GC) or combined with mass spectroscopy (MS) can be used in a non-selective manner using chemical mass or patterns from a short GC column as an e-nose or “Z” nose. The electronic tongue reacts similarly to non-volatile compounds in a liquid. This review will concentrate on applications of e-nose and e-tongue technology for edible products and pharmaceutical uses.
Embedding Mathematical Techniques into System Engineering

Some of the reasons why formal methods have not been widely accepted in practice are analyzed. This analysis provides the basis for a more modest approach to embedding mathematical and formal techniques into the system design process: identifying places in traditional design methodologies where formal reasoning can be convincingly introduced. The approach is outlined in general and illustrated by giving overviews of three different research activities.
Grain structure analysis and effect on electromigration reliability in nanoscale Cu interconnects

The grain structure in Cu interconnects of the 45 nm node was analyzed to yield grain orientation and boundary characteristics using a high-resolution electron diffraction technique. A dominant sidewall growth of {111} grains was observed, reflecting the importance of interfacial energy in controlling grain growth below 70 nm linewidth. The grain structure was used to identify flux divergent sites for void formation under electromigration (EM) and to analyze the effect on EM statistics for Cu lines with CoWP capping using a microstructure-based model. This analysis established a correlation between the microstructure of Cu nanolines, void formation kinetics, and EM statistics.
Issues in Information Systems

The critical factors in the onward and upward phase that maximize the value o the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system from the user’s point of view remain unidentified. A recent study of a public sector organization in the state of Colorado showed that the users’ perspectives regarding the benefits of an ERP system are unrecognized, as well as how the users of the ERP system view the ERP benefits post-implementation. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that maximize the value of the implemented ERP system in the onward and upward phase postimplementation from the user’s point of view (ERP user value), and how these factors affect the ERP user productivity, effectiveness, and internal efficiency which are major issues for management. A proposed conceptual structural model, based on the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, is presented. It is posited that the conceptual model can be used to predict the post-implementation factors from the ERP user’s point of view and measure their impact on the overall ERP benefits for the organization. The research question, hypotheses, and current state of research are presented and discussed.
Temporomandibular Disorders and Headache: A Retrospective Analysis of 1198 Patients

Aim. Headache is one of the most common diseases associated with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs). The aim of this study was to evaluate, retrospectively, if headache influences TMD's symptoms. Material and Methods. A total sample of 1198 consecutive TMD patients was selected. After a neurological examination, a diagnosis of headache, according to the latest edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders, was performed in 625 subjects. Patients were divided into two groups based on presence/absence of headache: Group with Headache (GwH) and Group without Headache (GwoH). Descriptive statistics and Chi-square index were performed. Results. Sociodemographic (gender, marital status, and occupation) and functional factors, occlusion (occlusal and skeletal classes, dental formula, and occlusal abnormalities), and familiar pain did not show a statistically significant correlation in either group. Intensity and frequency of neck pain, arthralgia of TMJ, and myalgia showed higher correlation values in GwH. Conclusion. This study is consistent with previous literature in showing a close relationship between headache and TMD. All data underlines that headache makes pain parameters more intense and frequent. Therefore, an early and multidisciplinary treatment of TMDs should be performed in order to avoid the overlay of painful events that could result in pain chronicity.
Chk1 is Essential for Tumor Cell Viability Following Activation of the Replication Checkpoint

Chk1 (checkpoint kinase 1) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase involved in DNA damage responses. Originally identified as a kinase regulating the G2/ M transition checkpoint, its role has broadened to include the S-phase checkpoint response and essential functions in early embryonic development. In this manuscript we investigated the potential of chemo-sensitization via ablation of Chk1 in cells treated with anti-metabolite cancer drugs, hydroxyurea (HU) and cytosine arabinoside (ara-C). Exposure to these replication interfering drugs in cells carrying Chk1 targeted siRNA provoked markedly increased rates of apoptosis. Although cell death was accompanied by an increase in p53 and activation of Chk2, the increased susceptibility to apoptosis was not dependent on p53 or Chk2. Additionally, we found that cells with reduced Chk1 expression displayed increased ? -H2A.X expression, a marker for damaged DNA, and phosphorylated 32kDa subunit of replication protein A (RPA). Thus, Chk1 may play an essential role in maintaining DNA integrity during the replication block. Significantly, normal cells such as WS1 did not exhibit increased DNA damage or subsequent increases in apoptosis following replication stress, in the absence of Chk1. Thus, the essential role Chk1 plays in maintaining viability during the replication block in cancer cell lines can be exploited to sensitize cancer cells when abrogation of Chk1 is combined with DNA anti-metabolite chemotherapeutic drugs. Taken together, these data suggest that inhibition of Chk1 in combination with DNA anti-metabolite chemotherapy is a viable therapeutic strategy.
Interleukin-8 Secretion of Cortical Tubular Epithelial Cells Is Directed to the Basolateral Environment and Is Not Enhanced by Apical Exposure to Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT In upper urinary tract infections, tubular epithelial cells (TEC) may play a pivotal role in the initiation of the renal inflammatory response. They exert crucial immunological functions such as processing and presentation of foreign antigen, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1, ENA-78, and RANTES). Since monolayer cultures are a limited model for polarized tubular epithelial cells, we studied the side-dependent IL-8 secretion of TEC by using cell culture inserts as a basement membrane imitation. Primary cultures of proximal TEC were stimulated with differently fimbriated mutants of Escherichia coli, E. coli LPS, S-fimbria isolates, and IL-1α. IL-8 protein was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and IL-8-like biological activity was tested by measuring elastase release from polymorphonuclear cells in supernatants of the upper and lower compartments. IL-8 mRNA was compared by competitive PCR. IL-8 secretion by TEC into the basolateral environment was significantly higher than secretion into the apical compartment, representing the tubular lumen. However, stimulation of IL-8 secretion by TEC was restricted to IL-1α and was not inducible by E. coli mutants, S fimbriae, or lipopolysaccharide. With this in vitro model of polarized TEC, we show that luminal contact of TEC with uropathogenic E. coli does not result in enhanced IL-8 secretion. The basolaterally directed production of the neutrophil chemotactic factor IL-8 by TEC after stimulation with IL-1α might play an important role in the initiation of inflammatory cell influx into the renal parenchyma.
UTILIZATION OF SUGAR BEET BY PRODUCTS IN FEEDING GROW-ING RAHMANI LAMBS

Twenty female Rahmani lambs with an average initial body weight 31.01±0.68 kg were randomly divided into four similar groups (5 in each group). To receive one of the tested rations, Ration1 containing 50% concentrate feed mixture 1 plus 50% berseem hay as a control ration. In rations 2 and 4, 50% of berseem hay was replaced by dry sugar beet tops. While, in rations 3 and 4, 50% energy ingredients (yellow corn grains, wheat bran and rice bran) were replaced by dry sugar beet pulp in concentrate feed mixture 2. Ration 3 had significantly (P<0.05) the highest digestibility coefficient of all nutrients followed by rations 4 and 2, while, while ration 1 had the lowest values. Digestible crude protein had nearly the same trend, but total digestible nutrients and digestible energy were significantly higher in ration 3 compared with the other rations. A logarithmic scale of acidity or basicity of rumen liquor were nearly similar for all the different groups. Dry sugar beet pulp in rations 3 and 4 showed significantly the higher concentrations of total volatile fatty acids and ammonia nitrogen compared to the other rations. Dry sugar beet pulp increased dry matter, total digestible nutrients, digestible crude protein and digestible energy, but tended to decrease with dry sugar beet tops compared with control group. Growth rate and feed conversion were significantly higher (P<0.05) for lambs fed ration 3 compared with the other rations. Lambs fed ration 3 recorded significantly the highest net revenue and economic efficiency.Key words: growing lambs; dry sugar beet pulp; dry sugar beet tops; growth performance
Block of CDK1‐dependent polyadenosine elongation of Cyclin B mRNA in metaphase‐i‐arrested starfish oocytes is released by intracellular pH elevation upon spawning

Meiotic progression requires the translation of maternal mRNAs in a strict temporal order. In isolated animal oocytes, translation of maternal mRNAs containing a cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE), such as cyclin B, is activated by in vitro stimulation of meiotic resumption which induces phosphorylation of CPEB (CPE‐binding protein) and elongation of their polyadenosine (poly(A)) tails; whether or not this model can be applied in vivo to oocytes arrested at metaphase of meiosis I in ovaries is unknown. In this study, we found that active CDK1 (cyclin‐dependent kinase 1) phosphorylated CPEB in ovarian oocytes arrested at metphase I in the starfish body cavity, but phosphorylation of CPEB was not sufficient for elongation of cyclin B poly(A) tails. Immediately after spawning, however, mRNA was polyadenylated, suggesting that an increase in intracellular pH (pHi) upon spawning triggers the elongation of poly(A) tails. Using a cell‐free system made from maturing oocytes at metaphase I, we demonstrated that polyadenylation was indeed suppressed at pH below 7.0. These results suggest that a pH‐sensitive process, functioning after CPEB phosphorylation, is blocked under physiologically low pHi (<7.0) in metaphase‐I‐arrested oocytes. The increase in pHi (>7.0) that occurs after spawning triggers polyadenylation of cyclin B mRNA and progression into meiosis II. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 79–87, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beyond 'Moneyball' to Analytics Leadership in Sports: An Ecological Analysis of FC Bayern Munich's Digital Transformation

Since Michael Lewis’ thesis on Oakland Athletics’ analytical approach to assemble a competitive baseball team and the release of the feature film “Moneyball”, the interest in sports analytics has grown rapidly. Existing research on sports analytics, though nascent and limited, paints a rather different picture compared to data analytics in the business context, mostly due to the nature of the sports industry and its organizations. Therefore, it is our focus in this study to further unpack such differences through a case study of FC Bayern Munich and its digital transformation to achieve analytics leadership. More specifically, we strive to understand 1) what analytics leadership entails for professional sports teams; and 2) what type of IT-enabled capabilities are required to realize such leadership position within a sporting and entertainment ecosystem. Our initial analysis identified three main applications of analytics, namely player and team performance, event management, and customers.