Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dividing the Spoils of Growth and the Cell Cycle: The Fission Yeast as a Model for the Study of Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis is the final stage of the cell cycle, and ensures completion of both genome segregation and organelle distribution to the daughter cells. Cytokinesis requires the cell to solve a spatial problem (to divide in the correct place, orthogonally to the plane of chromosome segregation) and a temporal problem (to coordinate cytokinesis with mitosis). Defects in the spatiotemporal control of cytokinesis may cause cell death, or increase the risk of tumor formation [Fujiwara et al., 2005 (Fujiwara T, Bandi M, Nitta M, Ivanova EV, Bronson RT, Pellman D. 2005. Cytokinesis failure generating tetraploids promotes tumorigenesis in p53‐null cells. Nature 437:1043–1047); reviewed by Ganem et al., 2007 (Ganem NJ, Storchova Z, Pellman D. 2007. Tetraploidy, aneuploidy and cancer. Curr Opin Genet Dev 17:157–162.)]. Asymmetric cytokinesis, which permits the generation of two daughter cells that differ in their shape, size and properties, is important both during development, and for cellular homeostasis in multicellular organisms [reviewed by Li, 2007 (Li R. 2007. Cytokinesis in development and disease: variations on a common theme. Cell Mol Life Sci 64:3044–3058)]. The principal focus of this review will be the mechanisms of cytokinesis in the mitotic cycle of the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This simple model has contributed significantly to our understanding of how the cell cycle is regulated, and serves as an excellent model for studying aspects of cytokinesis. Here we will discuss the state of our knowledge of how the contractile ring is assembled and disassembled, how it contracts, and what we know of the regulatory mechanisms that control these events and assure their coordination with chromosome segregation. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inner retinal ischaemia: current understanding and needs for further investigations

Inner retinal ischaemia is involved in the pathogenesis of major vision‐threatening diseases such as retinal vein thrombosis, diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. However, the pathogenesis of inner retinal ischaemia has not been fully elucidated, which represents an impediment to the development and improvement of techniques to prevent and treat these diseases on a rational basis. This paper provides a comprehensive review of current knowledge of the pathophysiology of inner retinal ischaemia, including clinical, anatomical and physiological aspects of disease development. It is suggested that chronic inner retinal ischaemia caused by capillary occlusion may develop secondary to an increase in hydrostatic pressure in the vessels. Further knowledge of the pathophysiology of inner retinal ischaemia can be obtained by identifying the mechanisms that lead to increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillary bed and establishing the structural and functional basis for the different response patterns in the central and peripheral areas of the retina that develop secondary to this increased hydrostatic pressure. Further elucidation of these unknown response patterns requires both in vitro and in vivo studies of retinal vascular pathophysiology. It is conceivable that a more detailed knowledge of these response patterns may help in the design of new treatments for retinal ischaemia and its vision‐threatening consequences.
Interactive syntactic modeling with a single-point laser range finder and camera

In-situ 3D Modeling becomes increasingly prominent in current Augmented Reality research, particularly for mobile scenarios. However, real-time performance and qualitative modeling remain highly challenging. In this work, we propose a new interactive 3D modeling approach for indoor environments, combining an assistive user interface and constrained reconstruction with a device consisting of a single-point laser range finder and a camera. Using our system, a user pans around capturing a panorama of the environment, while simultaneously measuring the distance to a single point per frame. An automatic detection process estimates planes from these sparse 3D measurements. The user can highlight specific geometric features in the environment, such as 2- or 3-way corners, with simple gestures, adding more 3D points to the estimation. The segmented planes are refined using a constrained optimization, enforcing orthogonality and parallel constraints as well as minimizing the number of planes used in the reconstruction. Finally a volumetric space-carving approach determines the geometry of the environment. Our reconstruction approach can output highly accurate models built only from simple, clean geometry. To examine the quantitative performance of our approach, we run evaluations on both synthetic and real data.
Variable selection for linear transformation models via penalized marginal likelihood

We study the problem of variable selection for linear transformation models, a class of general semiparametric models for censored survival data. The penalized marginal likelihood methods with shrinkage-type penalties are proposed to automate variable selection in linear transformation models; we consider the LASSO penalty and propose a new penalty called the adaptive-LASSO (ALASSO). Unlike the LASSO, the ALASSO imposes different penalties on different coefficients: unimportant covariates receive larger penalties than important ones. In this way, important variables can be protectively preserved in models while unimportant ones are more likely to be shrunk to zeros. An efficient iterative algorithm is proposed for optimization. The performance of both penalties is illustrated through simulated examples and one real data, the Veteran’s Administration lung cancer data. In terms of both variable selection and coefficient estimation, we find that both shrinkage estimators outperform the maximum marginal likelihood estimator, and the ALASSO gives better performance than the LASSO.
A model based bolus calculator for blood glucose control in type 1 diabetes

We propose a model based bolus calculator which, based on an identified model, information on the carbohydrate content of the meals and an initial single glucose measurement, computes the optimal insulin bolus dose in order to minimize the blood glucose deviations. We use a simulation model for identification of models for control and closed-loop simulations. The performance of the proposed bolus calculator is compared with a model predictive control approach which uses continuous glucose information and insulin injection. Both methods achieve comparable performance for some patients while the insulin amount, number of injections and computational complexity is significantly reduced for the bolus calculator.
L'implication des ménages dans un service public local d'environnement : le cas de la gestion des déchets ménagers par les collectivités territoriales françaises

Cette these aborde la question de l’implication des menages dans un service public local d’environnement. Elle propose une analyse economique des mecanismes par lesquels les collectivites territoriales impliquent les usagers du service dans la reduction des dechets et le recyclage, compte tenu de la diversite des situations locales.La these est construite en deux parties. La premiere partie presente les leviers d’action dont disposent les collectivites territoriales pour encourager les usagers du service a des pratiques de gestion des dechets plus respectueuses de l’environnement. La these mobilise principalement ici les approches de l’economie de l’environnement pour proposer une grille d’analyse de la politique des dechets a l’echelle des collectivites territoriales. Cette grille d’analyse permet de construire une typologie des mesures mises en place par les collectivites territoriales francaises pour impliquer les usagers du service dans la reduction de la production de dechets et le recyclage. Quatre strategies d’implication ont ete identifiees empiriquement, resumant des combinaisons particulieres de mesures developpees par les collectivites territoriales.La deuxieme partie porte sur les determinants des choix des collectivites territoriales et sur la capacite des strategies d’implication a encourager l’effort de recyclage des menages.Elle propose un modele microeconomique pour analyser simultanement les decisions des collectivites territoriales et des menages face au probleme de la gestion des dechets menagers. La these s’appuie principalement sur les modeles developpes dans le champ de l’economie publique et de l’economie des dechets. Les propositions theoriques formulees dans ce modele sont ensuite testees empiriquement. La these met en evidence l’importance dans les choix publics de la prise en compte des caracteristiques des usagers du service,une politique etant d’autant plus efficace que les usagers sont prets a la mettre en oeuvre.Elle souligne egalement que l’effort de recyclage des usagers du service est plus important si les collectivites territoriales ont une volonte affichee de responsabiliser l’ensemble des usagers par des mesures qui contraignent directement la production de dechets.
Estimation and Compensation of Frequency Selective TX/RX IQ Imbalance in MIMO OFDM systems

The influence, digital estimation and compensation of IQ mismatch at both transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) side of a direct-conversion based multiple antenna OFDM system are presented in this paper. The resulting IQ imbalance can be split into a frequency independent and a frequency selective part. For estimation and compensation a two-step approach is presented, combining a data-aided and decision directed approach. First the frequency independent IQ imbalance is estimated using a preamble and, subsequently, the frequency selective IQ imbalance is removed using adaptive filtering. A numerical performance analysis reveals that the presented approach effectively mitigates the influence of IQ mismatch in OFDM-based space division multiplexing systems experiencing both TX and RX IQ imbalance.
A Spectrum-Aware Clustering for Efficient Multimedia Routing in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks

Multimedia applications are characterized as delay-sensitive and high-bandwidth stipulating traffic sources. Supporting such demanding applications on cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs) with energy and spectrum constraints is a highly daunting task. In this paper, we propose a spectrum-aware cluster-based energy-efficient multimedia (SCEEM) routing protocol for CRSNs that jointly overcomes the formidable limitations of energy and spectrum. Clustering is exploited to support the quality of service (QoS) and energy-efficient routing by limiting the participating nodes in route establishment. In SCEEM routing, the number of clusters is optimally determined to minimize the distortion in multimedia quality that occurs due to packet losses and latency. Moreover, the cluster-head selection is based on the energy and relative spectrum awareness such that noncontiguous available spectrum bands are clustered and scheduled to provide continuous transmission opportunity. Routing employs clustering with hybrid medium access by combining carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) and time-division multiple access (TDMA). TDMA operates for intracluster transmission, whereas CSMA is used for intercluster routing. Thus, a cross-layer design of routing, i.e., of medium access control (MAC) and physical layers, provides efficient multimedia routing in CRSNs, which is revealed through simulation experiments.
Online Submodular Welfare Maximization: Greedy is Optimal

We prove that no online algorithm (even randomized, against an oblivious adversary) is better than 1/2-competitive for welfare maximization with coverage valuations, unless NP = RP. Since the Greedy algorithm is known to be 1/2-competitive for monotone submodular valuations, of which coverage is a special case, this proves that Greedy provides the optimal competitive ratio. On the other hand, we prove that Greedy in a stochastic setting with i.i. d. items and valuations satisfying diminishing returns is (1−1/e)-competitive, which is optimal even for coverage valuations, unless NP = RP. For online budget-additive allocation, we prove that no algorithm can be 0.612-competitive with respect to a natural LP which has been used previously for this problem.
Influence of saturation and saliency on the inductance of a four-quadrant transducer prototype machine

An inductance determination method that can be based on both experiments and calculations is discussed in this paper. The inductances of a four-quadrant transducer (4QT) prototype machine were measured and calculated with the two-dimensional time-stepping finite-element method (FEM), and the measured and calculated results are in good agreement. It is found that the d- and q-axis inductances are different, and the inductances obtained from the phase and line voltage are also different for both the two machines of the 4QT prototype machine. Analysis shows that the differences are caused by the saliency and d-axis saturation. Although there is little saliency for the double rotor machine (DRM), the two kinds of the inductance differences of the DRM are more serious than that of the stator machine (SM). This is because of the higher level of the d-axis saturation of the DRM. The inductances obtained from the phase voltage at very low frequency are recommended as final results for both experiments and calculations
A Joint Sparse Recovery Framework for Accurate Reconstruction of Inclusions in Elastic Media

A robust algorithm is proposed to reconstruct the spatial support and the Lame parameters of multiple inclusions in a homogeneous background elastic material using a few measurements of the displacement field over a finite collection of boundary points. The algorithm does not require any linearization or iterative update of Green's function but still allows very accurate reconstruction. The breakthrough comes from a novel interpretation of Lippmann--Schwinger type integral representation of the displacement field in terms of unknown densities having common sparse support on the location of inclusions. Accordingly, the proposed algorithm consists of a two-step approach. First, the localization problem is recast as a joint sparse recovery problem that renders the densities and the inclusion support simultaneously. Then, a noise robust constrained optimization problem is formulated for the reconstruction of elastic parameters. An efficient algorithm is designed for numerical implementation using the Multiple.
Maximizing Reliability in WDM Networks through Lightpath Routing

We study the reliability maximization problem in WDM networks with random link failures. Reliability in these networks is defined as the probability that the logical network is connected, and it is determined by the underlying lightpath routing and the link failure probability. We show that in general the optimal lightpath routing depends on the link failure probability, and characterize the properties of lightpath routings that maximize the reliability in different failure probability regimes. In particular, we show that in the low failure probability regime, maximizing the ``cross-layer" min cut of the (layered) network maximizes reliability, whereas in the high failure probability regime, minimizing the spanning tree of the network maximizes reliability. Motivated by these results, we develop lightpath routing algorithms for reliability maximization.
Scaling towards 35 nm gate length CMOS

We report 35 nm gate length planar CMOS transistors with aggressively scaled gate equivalent oxide thickness (EOT). A nitride/oxynitride (N/O) stack was used as gate dielectric with EOT ranging from 12 /spl Aring/ down to 7 /spl Aring/. The impact of gate scaling on transistor performance, gate tunneling leakage, short-channel effect, and channel carrier mobility is investigated. Excellent control of short-channel effect is achieved for sub-50 nm gate length devices. CV/I delays of 0.89 ps for n-MOSFET and 1.8 ps for p-MOSFET are demonstrated at a supply voltage of 0.85 V.
Somatosensory Plasticity and Motor Learning

Motor learning is dependent upon plasticity in motor areas of the brain, but does it occur in isolation, or does it also result in changes to sensory systems? We examined changes to somatosensory function that occur in conjunction with motor learning. We found that even after periods of training as brief as 10 min, sensed limb position was altered and the perceptual change persisted for 24 h. The perceptual change was reflected in subsequent movements; limb movements following learning deviated from the prelearning trajectory by an amount that was not different in magnitude and in the same direction as the perceptual shift. Crucially, the perceptual change was dependent upon motor learning. When the limb was displaced passively such that subjects experienced similar kinematics but without learning, no sensory change was observed. The findings indicate that motor learning affects not only motor areas of the brain but changes sensory function as well.
Bovine leukaemia virus DNA in fresh milk and raw beef for human consumption

SUMMARY Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leucosis, which has been reported worldwide. BLV has been found recently in human tissue and it could have a significant impact on human health. A possible hypothesis regarding viral entry to humans is through the consumption of infected foodstuffs. This study was aimed at detecting the presence of BLV DNA in raw beef and fresh milk for human consumption. Nested PCR directed at the BLV gag gene (272 bp) was used as a diagnostic test. PCR products were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Forty-nine per cent of the samples proved positive for the presence of proviral DNA. This is the first study highlighting the presence of the BLV gag gene in meat products for human consumption and confirms the presence of the viral DNA in raw milk, as in previous reports. The presence of viral DNA in food products could suggest that viral particles may also be found. Further studies are needed to confirm the presence of infected viral particles, even though the present findings could represent a first approach to BLV transmission to humans through foodstuff consumption.
Evidence in pharmacovigilance: extracting Adverse Drug Reactions articles from MEDLINE to link them to case databases

Literature, specifically MEDLINE, is among the main sources of information used to detect whether a drug may be responsible for Adverse Drug Reactions cases. The aim of our work is to automate the search of publications that correspond to a given Adverse Drug Reactions case: (i) by defining a general pattern for the queries used to search MEDLINE and (ii) by determining the threshold number of publications capable to confirm or infirm the Adverse Drug Reaction. We applied our algorithm to a set of 620 cases from a French pharmacovigilance database. We obtained a precision of 93%, recall 70%. We determined a threshold of 3 publications to confirm an Adverse Drug Reaction case.
Data Mining of Genomic Data using Classification Algorithms on MapReduce Framework : A Survey

The advancement of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology has led to a huge deluge of genomic data. In order to classify this data, the algorithms that are in use are struggling because of the enormity of the datasets. Hence parallelization of these classification algorithms using a MapReduce implementation is an efficient solution that tackles these issues such as computational cost, spatial complexity and running time. In this survey paper we have presented the various DNA sequence alignment algorithms that are most commonly used. Then we have discussed the various classification algorithms that are used in data mining genomic databases and presented a relative study of their merits and demerits. And finally we have focused on Big Data and MapReduce which helps in the increasing the efficiency of the classification algorithms mentioned in this survey paper. KeywordsNGS, kNN, SVM, Naïve Bayes, C4.5, HDFS, Big Data, MapReduce, Data Mining, Classification
Adult Lives: A Life Course Perspective

With the proportion of people between young adulthood and the third age growing in relation to children and young people in western industrialised societies, there is an increasing need for a comprehensive look at the past, present and future of adult lives. These adult lives are defined by the experience of history, are structurally specific, and draw upon different interpersonal, lifestyle and cultural resources and it is important to recognise the impact of the past and the present on future adult lives.
MetaLimbs: multiple arms interaction metamorphism

This research proposes a novel interaction to alternate body scheme using artificial limbs substitution metamorphosis. In this work, two additional robotic arms are added to user's body, and are substituted with the legs. Using this arms/legs substitution, arms count is expanded to four arms in total with voluntary control using legs motion mapping. Limbs control is achieved by tracking the global motion of legs and feet relative to torso, as well as local motion of toes. These data are mapped to the artificial limbs' arms/hands motion and fingers gripping. Lastly, force feedback is added to the feet and mapped to manipulator's touch sensors. Using this system, it is possible to perform difficult tasks normal body can not achieve alone, such as holding many objects simultaneously.
Space planning sensitivity and specificity: Royal London Space Planning and Korkhaus Analyses

Abstract Objectives To establish the sensitivity and specificity of the Korkhaus and Royal London Space Planning Analyses. Methods The sample consisted of 30 cases with two sets of study models and lateral cephalometric radiographs taken at least three years apart. These were then further subdivided into Class I (N = 10), Class II division 1 (N = 10) and Class II division 2 cases (N = 10). The Royal London Space Planning Analysis and the Korkhaus Analysis were applied on these cases at both times. Results Study model analysis: The Royal London Planning Analysis revealed that in Class I malocclusions, upper and lower arch crowding and spacing changed significantly with time. The total space required and tooth size reduction for the lower arch had also changed significantly. Additionally, in the Class II division 1 malocclusions, lower arch crowding and spacing, total space required and the need for tooth size reduction had significantly increased, while, in Class II division 2 malocclusions, a statistically significant increase was observed in the upper and lower arch crowding and spacing. The Korkhaus Analysis showed that in Class I malocclusions a significant decrease was observed in the lower arch length and the lower anterior arch width. The upper posterior (inter-molar) arch width had significantly increased. In Class II division 1 malocclusions the lower right posterior space available had decreased significantly. The upper posterior arch width and the lower posterior arch width also significantly increased. In Class II division 2 malocclusions, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the lower anterior arch length. There were no significant changes in all angular and the two linear measurements for all classes. Conclusions The Royal London Space Planning Analysis and the Korkhause Analysis are clinically sensitive analyses. The Royal London Space Planning Analysis lacks specificity to be a robust model for treatment planning; modification may be required before this technique is accepted.