Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Economic Effects of Sharing Femtocells

Femtocells are a promising technology for handling exponentially increasing wireless data traffic. Although extensive attention has been paid to resource control mechanisms, for example, power control and load balancing in femtocell networks, their success largely depends on whether operators and users accept this technology or not. In this paper, we study the economic aspects of femtocell services for the case of monopoly market, and aim to answer questions on operator's revenue, user surplus, and social welfare by considering practical service types and pricing strategies. We consider three user subscription services, that is, users can access only macro BSs (mobile-only), or deploy femto BSs in their house and open / exclusively use their femto BSs (open- / closed-femto). For pricing strategies, flat pricing and partial volume pricing are exploited. The main messages include the following: 1) open-femto service is beneficial to both users and providers; 2) in flat pricing, the impact on operator revenue of allowing or blocking the access of mobile-only users to open femto BSs is minor; and 3) compared with partial volume pricing, flat pricing is advantageous to the operator when users are sensitive to price.
A MULTI-AGENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR BIOPROFILE COLLECTION

The huge development of the information systems in the last decades has, in many aspects, not been followed by the medical industry mainly due to legal and ethical issues that influence this specific area. Information sharing is in fact difficult and often impossible when we deal with patients data. Therefore, the creation of large centralized databases containing information about all the patients is hard to conceive and probably will never be possible. As a proposal for an alternative data sharing model we developed MAMIS - Multi-Agent Medical Information System – that is a completely distributed system where each healthcare unit containing medical information is autonomous and controls entirely its data. Data sharing is achieved by request, with each agent that requiring information about a patient requesting it to the other agents trough adequate messages that when received by the peers are evaluated and replied only when adequate. This model preserves the independence of the different entities but creates the possibility for selective sharing of medical information. In this paper we will present the general architecture of the system and the first experiences on patient’s Bioprofile collection and analysis.
L-CBM signaling in lymphocyte development and function

The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays a central role in the activation and survival of lymphocytes. NF-κB, therefore, is pivotal for acquired immunity, but the dysregulation of NF-κB signaling leads to inflammatory diseases and lymphomagenesis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma-related molecules, B-cell lymphoma 10 (BCL10) and MALT-lymphoma-translocation gene1 (MALT1), are essential signaling components for NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, mediated by the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-coupled receptors involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. CARMA1 (also referred to as CARD11 and Bimp3) is a crucial regulator for ITAM-mediated signaling as it forms a complex with BCL10-MALT1 in lymphoid lineage cells such as T, B, natural killer (NK), and natural killer T (NKT) cells, known as the lymphoid CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 (L-CBM) complex. In this review, recent understanding of the molecular and biological functions and the signal regulation mechanisms of the L-CBM complex are described and its role in disease development and potential as a therapeutic target is further discussed.
Monetary policy and disintermediation in South Africa : 1970–2010

This study examines the development of monetary theory and various policy frameworks as implemented at the time of writing. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of monetary policy on disintermediation and re-intermediation throughout the periods of the various monetary policy frameworks in South Africa, specifically between 1970 and 2010. In order to achieve the research objective given above, a review was firstly conducted of the literature on monetary theory and policy. This literature review gave attention to the various methods of evaluating the extent of disintermediation, elaborating on the various factors that influence the disintermediation process. The literature suggests that the occurrence of disintermediation can be determined by comparing income velocity data to real interest rate data. The second step in achieving the research objective was to examine the South African income velocity data in comparison to the South African real interest rate data over the period 1970 to 2010. The study found that disintermediation arises from the application of semi-direct or direct monetary controls, which in turn creates abnormal interest rate gaps. Despite the different monetary frameworks adopted in South Africa from 1970 to 2010, a uniform response can be noted. It is observed that whenever real interest rates trough, income velocity in turn peaks, indicating disintermediation. The opposite is true for a high real interest rate environment; income velocity declines, indicating re-intermediation, as returns are sought for in the banking sector. It is also observed that monetary policy implementation proves difficult owing to its forwardlooking nature. Complications arise out of the elasticity of transmission mechanisms, the lag effect thereof and models that are backward looking based on historical data. In short, the study found that care should be taken by monetary authorities not to over-act in either direction, whether monetary tightening or easing.
FACTORS CAUSING DIFFERENCES IN THE FINANCIAL REPORTING PRACTICES IN SELECTED SOUTH PACIFIC COUNTRIES IN THE POST-CONVERGENCE PERIOD

The international accounting literature pays much attention to the clustering of national accounting systems of various countries based on similar financial reporting characteristics. In this paper, we argue that the existing models that cluster countries are substantially incomplete and misleading due to the recent convergence efforts that have taken place. We identify the factors that may be causing differences in both the de jure and de facto aspects of comparability in financial reporting across countries in the postconvergence period. Using four countries from the South Pacific region (Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and Fiji), we identify three dominant factors that still act as constraints in accounting convergence. These include: (1) the nature of business ownership and the financial system, (2) culture, and (3) the level of accounting education and the experience of professional accountants in each of the different countries. We argue that national and international regulators need to work towards reducing these remaining differences across countries to achieve the objectives of accounting convergence.
Negotiation of Multilateral Security Decisions for Grid Computing

Grid computing enables the sharing of heterogeneous resources within virtual organizations. Since entities in virtual organizations are independently administrated, cross-domain management of access control and intrusion protection is critical for grid services. To provide better protection in grid systems, multiple domains collaborate in making security decisions. Unfortunately, the absence of global trust makes coordination of multilateral decisions difficult. In this paper, we introduce the Grid Access Control and Intrusion Protection Architecture that facilitates the collaboration in making security decisions for grid services. In particular, we present a design of Trust-based Security Variable that assists the negotiation of multilateral security decisions according to the level of trust among grid service providers.
Combining biophysical methods for the analysis of protein complex stoichiometry and affinity in SEDPHAT

Global multi-method analysis for protein interactions (GMMA) can increase the precision and complexity of binding studies for the determination of the stoichiometry, affinity and cooperativity of multi-site interactions. The principles and recent developments of biophysical solution methods implemented for GMMA in the software SEDPHAT are reviewed, their complementarity in GMMA is described and a new GMMA simulation tool set in SEDPHAT is presented.
Developing Reliable Software using Object-Oriented Formal Specification and Refinement [ Extended abstract prepared 24 March 2003 ]

It is our view that reliability cannot be guaranteed in large, complex software systems unless formal methods are used. The challenge is to bring formal methods up to date with modern object-oriented techniques and make its use as productive as traditional methods. We believe that such a challenge can be met and we have developed the Escher Tool to demonstrate this. This paper describes some of the issues involved in marrying formal methods with an object oriented approach, design decisions we took in developing a language for object-oriented specification and refinement, and our results in applying the tool to small and large projects. 1 The challenge of developing reliable large-scale software systems The availability of ever more powerful processors at low prices has prompted organizations to attempt the construction of large, complex software systems. The larger the software system, the less effective testing is as a means of ensuring the absence of faults. Formal methods have for many years offered a logical solution to the problem of software reliability but have generally come at a high cost, demanding developers with considerable mathematical skill and costing many additional hours of developer time to assist with discharging proof obligations. Our goal in developing the Escher Tool was to bring formal methods to modern object-oriented and component-based approaches to software development while at the same time achieving developer productivity no worse than standard informal techniques. We chose to base the system on refinement for two reasons: firstly because of the considerable difficulties in formally analyzing programs hand-written in conventional programming languages, and secondly because of the promise of increased productivity provided by automating much of the refinement and all of the code generation. 2 Formal methods and object technology: a marriage made in heaven? Opinions differ as to the essential features of object-oriented languages, but elements often cited include: encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism with dynamic binding, object identity, and the Liskov type substitution principle. We will consider the implications each of these has for formal methods in turn.
On Data Forwarding in Deeply Pipelined Soft Processors

We can design high-frequency soft-processors on FPGAs that exploit deep pipelining of DSP primitives, supported by selective data forwarding, to deliver up to 25% performance improvements across a range of benchmarks. Pipelined, in-order, scalar processors can be small and lightweight but suffer from a large number of idle cycles due to dependency chains in the instruction sequence. Data forwarding allows us to more deeply pipeline the processor stages while avoiding an associated increase in the NOP cycles between dependent instructions. Full forwarding can be prohibitively complex for a lean soft processor, so we explore two approaches: an external forwarding path around the DSP block execution unit in FPGA logic and using the intrinsic loopback path within the DSP block primitive. We show that internal loopback improves performance by 5% compared to external forwarding, and up to 25% over no data forwarding. The result is a processor that runs at a frequency close to the fabric limit of 500 MHz, but without the significant dependency overheads typical of such processors.
Omalizumab in an allergology clinic: real life experience and future developments

Omalizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that reduces levels of circulating IgE and expression of IgE high affinity receptor (FCɛRI) on mast cells and basophils. Its role in the therapy of allergic asthma and urticaria is well established. According to GINA guidelines, omalizumab should be considered as an important alternative to systemic corticosteroids in uncontrolled asthma. Several ongoing trials will evaluate omalizumab efficacy in the treatment of other allergic diseases and conditions. Further studies are needed to answer several practical questions on the optimal duration of treatment and possible biomarkers to predefine a cohort of responders to this therapy.
Pertussis toxin inhibition of chemotactic factor-induced calcium mobilization and function in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Chemotactic factors stimulate a rapid increase in the cytosolic concentration of intracellular calcium ions ([Ca2+]in) in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL), which may be an event that is critical to the expression of chemotaxis and other PMNL functions. Treatment of PMNL with pertussis toxin catalyzes ADP-ribosylation of a protein similar or identical to the inhibiting regulatory protein of adenylate cyclase, Gi, and suppresses the increase in [Ca2+]in elicited by leukotriene B4(LTB4) and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Chemotactic migration and lysosomal enzyme release elicited by chemotactic factors were inhibited by pertussis toxin with a concentration-dependence similar to that for inhibition of the increase in [Ca2+]in, without an effect on lysosomal enzyme release induced by the ionophore A23187 and phorbol myristate acetate. Activated pertussis toxin catalyzed the [32P]ADP-ribosylation of a 41 kD protein in homogenates of PMNL. The extent of [32P]ADP-ribosylation of this protein was reduced 59% by pretreatment of intact PMNL with pertussis toxin. Pertussis toxin selectively decreased the number of high- affinity receptors for LTB4 on PMNL by 60% without altering the number or binding properties of the low-affinity subset of receptors. Pertussis toxin modification of a membrane protein of PMNL analogous to Gi thus simultaneously alters chemotactic receptors and attenuates the changes in cytosolic calcium concentration and PMNL function caused by chemotactic factors.
Designing robust checkers in the presence of massive timing errors

So far, performance and reliability of circuits have been determined by worst-case characterization of silicon and environmental noise. As new deep sub-micron technologies exacerbate process variations and reduce noise margins, worst-case design will eventually fail to meet an aggressive combination of objectives in performance, reliability, and power. In order to circumvent these difficulties, researchers have recently proposed a new design paradigm: self-calibrating circuits. Design parameters (e.g., operating points) of self-calibrating circuits are set by monitoring correctness of their operation, thus enabling to dynamically trade reliability for power or performance, depending on actual silicon capabilities and noise conditions. In this paper, we study the problem of detecting errors caused by self-calibration of the supply voltage and frequency of an on-chip link. These errors are caused by operation at sub-critical voltage and may be numerous. We attack the problem with a coding technique. We also discuss an alternative approach using double sampling flip-flops. We stress the complementarily of the two approaches and show how they can be combined. Finally, we consider extending our work to computation. We give preliminary research directions on the detection of errors induced by self-calibration for an adder
Combining software-implemented and simulation-based fault injection into a single fault injection method

Fault/error injection has emerged as a valuable means for evaluating the dependability of a system. In particular, software-based techniques (which can be described as software-implemented and simulation-based techniques) have become very popular because of the relative simplicity of injecting faults. After discussing the advantages and drawbacks of these techniques, two approaches are introduced which try to overcome crucial problems when using software-based fault injection techniques. The first one improves the accuracy of software-implemented fault injection experiments. The second one offers detailed insights into the system dynamics in the presence of faults. With this knowledge, the number of fault injections (a major concern in simulation-based fault injection) can be significantly reduced. These approaches can be joined together, offering accuracy of fault injection results as well as transparency of the system dynamics in the presence of faults. A case study is shown in which the de facto dependability properties of a standard component, a Motorola MC88100 RISC processor, are evaluated. <<ETX>>
A feature based technique for face recognition using Mexican hat wavelets

A new features based algorithm for face recognition is proposed. The algorithm is based on locating features on faces and finding the correspondence of these features between faces using an algorithm which is adopted from [16] [17]. The algorithm is using feature extraction through filtering with Mexican-hat wavelets and detection of correspondence of the feature points through comparison of Zernike moments. The transformation of the feature points between images is obtained using an iterative weighted least-squares algorithm which allows to eliminate outliers. The face recognition is based on the residual error between the feature points after transformation. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using experiments with a face database and compared against existing techniques for face recognition. The results of experiments with varying pose and illumination conditions show that the proposed method performs well compared to existing feature based face recognition techniques.
by Sergey BARANOV and Sergei SOLOVIEV EQUALITY IN LAMBDA CALCULUS. WEAK UNIVERSALITY IN CATEGORY THEORY AND REVERSIBLE COMPUTATIONS

” intensionnelle” ) dulambdacalcul avec typesinductifset récursion influence les constructions universelles dans certaines catégories basées sur ce calcul (l’ universalit é faible est reli ée à l’ égalit é intensionnelle). Ensuite on établit un lien entre universalit é faible et réversibilit é conditionnelle dansla théorie ducalcul réversible. Abstract. First we consider how the type of equality (extensional or intensional) in lambdacalculuswith inductive types and recursion influences universal constructions in certain categories based on this calculus (weak universality is connected with intensional equality) . Then we establish the link between weak universality and conditional reversibility in the theory of reversible computations.
A Summary of the Work of Gregory Margulis

Gregory Margulis is a mathematician of great depth and originality. Besides his celebrated results on super-rigidity and arithmeticity of irreducible lattices of higher rank semisimple Lie groups, and the solution of the Oppenheim conjecture on values of irrational indefinite quadratic forms at integral points, he has also initiated many other directions of research and solved a variety of famous open problems. As Tits said in [Ti1, §5]:
Storing and Evaluating Horn-Clause Rules in a Relational Database

This paper describes a practical approach to storing and evaluating Horn-clause rules in a relational database system. The intention is to give a complete outline of what needs to be added to an existing relational database system to allow it to support full logic programming functions. Implementation issues for each new function are discussed. We show how Horn-clause rules can be translated into database commands without recourse to semantics and how their evaluation can be performed in the database itself. This brings the complete logic programming environment within reach of the database management system, allowing data and rule sharing, concurrency control, recovery procedures, etc., to be used. New is that the complete logic programming environment is incorporated into the database system. IBM Business System 12, extended in this way, may be a suitable vehicle for expert system applications. Copying in printed form for private use is permitted without payment of royalty provided that (1) each reproduction is done without alteration and (2) the Journal reference and IBM copyright notice are included on the first page. The title and abstract, but no other portions, of this paper may be copied or distributed royalty free without further permission by computer-based and other information-service systems. Permission to republish any other portion of this paper must be obtained from the Editor.
A Current Review of Cypermethrin-Induced Neurotoxicity and Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration

Cypermethrin, a class II pyrethroid pesticide, is used to control insects in the household and agricultural fields. Despite beneficial roles, its uncontrolled and repetitive applications lead to unintended effects in non-target organisms. Cypermethrin crosses the blood-brain barrier and induces neurotoxicity and motor deficits. Cypermethrin prolongs the opening of sodium channel, a major site of its action, leading to hyper-excitation of the central nervous system. In addition to sodium channel, cypermethrin modulates chloride, voltage-gated calcium and potassium channels, alters the activity of glutamate and acetylcholine receptors and adenosine triphosphatases and induces DNA damage and oxidative stress in the neuronal cells. Cypermethrin also modulates the level of neurotransmitters, including gamma-aminobutyric acid and dopamine. It is one of the most commonly used pesticides in neurotoxicology research not only because of its variable responses depending upon the doses, time and routes of exposure and strain, age, gender and species of animals used across multiple studies but also owing to its ability to induce the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration. This article describes the effect of acute, chronic, developmental and adulthood exposures to cypermethrin in experimental animals. The article sheds light on cypermethrin-induced changes in the central nervous system, including its contribution in the onset of specific features, which are associated with the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Resemblances and dissimilarities of cypermethrin-induced nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration with sporadic and chemicals-induced disease models along with its advantages and pitfalls are also discussed.