Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Privacy-Preserving Blockchain-Based Tips Service

As digital payments have become more common, tracking and verifying tips has become a challenge, leading to issues for both the giver and receiver. Blockchain technology offers a solution to this problem, as it is transparent and ensures that payments go directly to the intended recipient. However, the transparency of blockchain also poses new challenges, such as the potential for tippers to adjust their tips based on previous tips received by the receiver. To maintain privacy while tipping with crypto token, we propose a tipping service that verifies payment receipts, hides the tip receiver’s total income, and conceals information about other tips the sender makes. This service consists of smart contract logic on blockchain, a web application, and backend. The core of the service’s blockchain component is EVM-compatible smart contracts from Railgun anonymous token pool. The client interacts with the service through the web application and the blockchain Railgun wallet. The server contains an off-chain duplicate of accounting and a Railgun relayer to broadcast blockchain transactions. Overall, this tipping service provides a secure and private way for individuals to tip with crypto token, ensuring that both givers and receivers can benefit without compromising their privacy.
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

BACKGROUND In the translational therapy of giant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) combined with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) after laparoscopic portal vein ligation (PVL) is extremely rare. This is a dual conversion therapy that combines surgery and oncology. Here, we report two cases of successful surgical completion after dual conversion therapy.
Research on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Exploration on Artificial Frozen Wall Development

Based on the difference in dielectric constant and resistivity between unfrozen soil and frozen soil of artificial freezing engineering, the ground penetrating radar (GPR) method was used to explore the development of artificial frozen wall (AFW). Different development stages of frozen wall was simulated by finite difference time domain (FDTD) method with absorb boundary condition (ABC). Some engineering examples are given to illuminate the effect of GPR exploring. Both numerical simulations and engineering examples show that GPR is an effective method of monitoring AFW development and can be used to detect AFW lacunas in time.
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health issue, and lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a crucial prognostic factor. Accurate prediction of LNM is essential for developing individualized treatment strategies for patients with CRC. However, the prediction of LNM is challenging and depends on various factors such as tumor histology, clinicopathological features, and molecular characteristics. The most reliable method to detect LNM is the histopathological examination of surgically resected specimens; however, this method is invasive, time-consuming, and subject to sampling errors and interobserver variability. AIM To analyze influencing factors and develop and validate a risk prediction model for LNM in CRC based on a large patient queue.
Clinicopathological significance and potential drug target of rUnX3 in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis the mechanism of initiation, progression, and identification of prognostic markers

Background: Emerging evidence indicates that RUNX3 is a candidate tumor suppressor in several types of human tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the correlation between RUNX3 hypermethylation and clinicopathological characteristics of NSCLC remains unclear. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quan-titatively evaluate the effects of RUNX3 hypermethylation on the incidence of NSCLC and clinicopathological characteristics. Methods: A detailed literature search was made using Medline, Embase and Web of Science for related research publications written in English. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated. The data were extracted and assessed independently by two reviewers. Analysis of pooled data was performed. The odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio were calculated and summarized. Results: Final analysis of 911 NSCLC patients from 13 eligible studies was performed. We observed that RUNX3 hypermethylation was significantly higher in NSCLC than in normal lung tissue; the pooled OR from seven studies including 361 NSCLC and 345 normal lung tissue (OR 7.08, confidence interval 4.12–12.17, P , 0.00001). RUNX3 hypermethylation may also be associated with pathological types. The pooled OR was obtained from eleven studies including 271 squamous cell carcinoma and 389 adenocarcinoma (OR 0.41, confidence interval 0.19–0.89, P = 0.02), which indicated that RUNX3 hypermethylation is significantly higher in adenocarcinoma that in squamous cell carcinoma. We did not find that RUNX3 hypermethylation was correlated with clinical stage or differentiated status. However, NSCLC patients with RUNX3 hypermethylation had a lower survival rate than those without RUNX3 hypermethylation. Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis suggest that RUNX3 hypermethylation is associated with an increased risk and worse survival in NSCLC. RUNX3 hypermethylation, which induces inactivation of the RUNX3 gene, plays an important role in lung carcinogenesis and clinical outcome.
Lead-210 and Polonium-210 Across the Frontal Region between the Kuroshio and the East China Sea, Northeast of Taiwan

Concentration profiles of Pb-210, Po-210 were measured on several KEEP (Kuroshio Edge Exchange Process) program stations. Results of both Pb-210 and Po-210 of surface water along B transect (from station 6115 to station 4531) showed an increasing trend toward deeper water. This reflected the more efficient removal of Pb-210, Po-210 from the shelf water. Vertical profiles of deep water station (i.e. 4531, 5131) did show Po-210 deficiencies, Po-210/Pb-210＜1, at upper layer (＜100m); and Po-210 excess in the middle layer (200m-500m). With Box Model calculation, the recycling efficiency of Pb-210 and Po-210 in the middle laycr is found to bc 2.9% and 85.4%. Vcrtical profilc of the near shelf-break station 512Am where upwelling of intrusion of Kuroshio water occurred, showed the feature of richness in Po-210. the profile of the station 5323, located at a very steep upper slope region, showed the feature of Pb-210 excess all over the water column. Some sediment particles shich contains excess Pb-210 might re-export from the outer shelf to slope water. The shelf water station was characterized with Po-210 excess in most of the water column except the very top layer (＜20m).
Snow hydrology of a constructed watershed in the Athabasca oil sands region, Alberta, Canada

Wetlands are now being integrated into oil sands mining landscape closure design plans. These wetland ecosystems will be constructed within a regional sub‐humid climate where snowfall represents ~25% of annual precipitation. However, few studies focus on the distribution of snow and, hence, the storage of winter precipitation in reclaimed oil sands landscapes. In this study, the distribution, ablation and fate of snowmelt waters are quantified within a constructed watershed in a post‐mining oil sands environment. Basin‐averaged peak SWE was 106 mm, with no significant difference between reclaimed slopes with vegetation and those that were sparsely vegetated or bare. Snow depth was greatest and more variable near the toe of slopes and became progressively shallower towards the crest. Snow ablation started first on the vegetated slope, which also exhibited the maximum observed ablation rates. This enhanced melt was attributed to increased absorption of short‐wave radiation by vegetation stems and branches. Recharge to reclaimed slopes and a constructed aquifer during the snowmelt period was minimal, as the presence of ground frost minimized infiltration. Accordingly, substantial surface run‐off was observed from all reclaimed slopes, despite being designed to reduce run‐off and increase water storage. This could result in increased flashiness of downstream watercourses during the spring freshet that receive run‐off from post‐mining landscapes where large reclaimed slopes are prolific. Run‐off ratios for the reclaimed slopes were between 0.7 and 0.9. Thus, it is essential to consider snow dynamics when designing landscape‐scale constructed ecosystems. This research demonstrates that the snowmelt period hydrology within reclaimed landscapes is fundamentally different from that reported for natural settings and represents one of the first studies on snow dynamics in constructed watershed systems in the post‐mined oil sands landscape. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frost heave and creep in the Sor Rondane Mountains, Antarctica.

Frost heave, slope deformation, and ground temperature have been monitored for 5 yr on ice-free mountains in Antarctica, where only diurnal frost action operates during the midsummer. The monitoring was done at three sites with similar soils but different local climates. Diurnal freeze-thaw cycles result in significant heave (max. 3.4 mm) and downslope movements (max. 1.5 cm yr-' at the surface) on some wet slopes subject to both snow flurries and strong insolation. The estimation from the cumulative frost heave measurements indicates that frost creep is most responsible for the movements. The velocity profile, calculated using the values of thaw depth and frost heave, agreed fairly well with the actual profile, demonstrating that subsurface freeze-thaw frequency is the primary control of the profile. However, such activities are insignificant on the most of the mountain slopes owing to little thawing and/or a moisture shortage. Significant frost heave and creep usually take place after the ground achieves water content of > 5% and has thawed deeper than 7 cm.
An Exploration of Food Security and Agriculture Challenges for Female Farmers in Rubkona County, South Sudan

ii DEDICATION.iii Family Members . iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv Informants . iv Friends.v CHAPTER ONE: DISSERTATION OVERVIEW . 1 Significance of the Problem . 4 Statement of the Problem . 5 Purpose of the study and research questions. 8 Definition of Terms. 8 Basic Assumptions . 10 Limitations of the Study. 10 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 12 Background Information of Rubkona County in South Sudan . 12 Food security. 14 Agriculture. 15 Livestock. 16 Fishing. 16 Role of Women in Agricultural Production and Food Security . 17 Factors that undermine food Security and agricultural development in the South Sudan . 18 Conflict and violence. 19 Low agricultural productivity. 20 Limited access to markets. 21 Lack of infrastructure and enabling environment. 22 Access to health services. 24 Access to education. 25 Strategies for Strengthening Rural Farmers’ Food Security . 26 Agricultural extension services. 26 Farm cooperatives. 28 Microfinancing. 29 Farm field schools training. 30 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR . 34 Attitude Toward the Behavior . 36
Knowledge mapping of idiopathic scoliosis genes and research hotspots (2002–2022): a bibliometric analysis

Background The etiology of idiopathic scoliosis (IS) remains unclear. Gene-based studies on genetic etiology and molecular mechanisms have improved our understanding of IS and guided treatment and diagnosis. Therefore, it is imperative to explicate and demarcate the preponderant areas of inquiry, key scholars, and their aggregate scholarly output, in addition to the collaborative associations amongst publications or researchers. Methods Documents were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) with the following criteria: TS = (“idiopathic scoliosis” AND gene) refined by search operators (genomic OR “hereditary substance” OR “germ plasm” OR Cistrons OR genetics OR genetic OR genes OR Polygenic OR genotype OR genome OR allele OR polygenes OR Polygene) AND DOCUMENT TYPES (ARTICLE OR REVIEW), and the timespan of 2002-01-01 to 2022-11-26. The online bibliometric analysis platform (bibliometric), bibliographic item co-occurrence matrix builder (BICOMB), CiteSpace 6.1. R6 and VOS viewer were used to evaluate articles for publications, nations, institutions, journals, references, knowledge bases, keywords, and research hotspots. Results A total of 479 documents were retrieved from WoSCC. Fourty-four countries published relevant articles. The country with the most significant number of articles was China, and the institution with the most significant number of articles was Nanjing University. Citation analysis formed eight meaningful clusters and 16 high-frequency keywords. (2) The citation knowledge map included single nucleotide polymorphisms, whole exome sequencing, axonal dynamin, drug development, mesenchymal stem cells, dietary intake, curve progression, zebrafish development model, extracellular matrix, and rare variants were the current research hotspots and frontiers. Conclusions Recent research has focused on IS-related genes, whereas the extracellular matrix and unusual variants are research frontiers and hotspots. Functional analysis of susceptibility genes will prove to be valuable for identifying this disease.
Factors Affecting Use of Mobile Money Services on Loans Repayment for Saving and Credits Cooperative Societies (SACCOS) in Rombo District, Tanzania

This study assessed the factors affecting the use of mobile money on loan repayment in Savings and Credits Cooperative Societies (SACCOS) in the Rombo District in Tanzania. Specifically, the study assessed the influence of perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived risks (PR) of mobile money service on loan repayment in SACCOS. The study used descriptive and correlation analysis and a population of 17 SACCOS. Two SACCOS with a population of 2,724 borrowers were used to select the sample size of 120 borrowers using a systematic random sampling technique. The findings indicated that only 36% of borrowers repaid loans using mobile phones. Through correlation analysis, the results indicated that PU and PEOU did not significantly influence the mobile loan repayment while PR negatively and significantly influenced the mobile loans' repayment. The study recommends the formulation of policies that will guide mobile money loan repayment in Tanzania. The study further recommends that SACCOS clients should be trained on the importance of repaying loans through mobile money. This will enable tracking of the repaid loans and increase the loans repayment performance which seems to be a challenge for most of the SACCOS in Tanzania.
Life cycle assessment of pyrolysis process of Desmodesmus sp.

This paper described a comprehensive assessment of the pyrolysis process of 1 kg Desmodesmus sp. cultivated in BG11 medium at the optimum temperature by using life cycle assessment method. This assessment took 1 kg of Desmodesmus sp. as a functional unit, and chose energy efficiency analysis and potential environmental impact as assessment indices. The results showed that the energy conversion efficiency index of the pyrolysis process was above 1, which meant the pyrolysis process was beneficial. The primary impact of the pyrolysis process on the environment was eutrophication; which followed by photochemical ozone synthesis and acidification; and global warming impact was the last. The overall environmental impact during the whole life cycle was 1 347.63 mPET2000. Keywords: life cycle assessment (LCA), microalgae, pyrolysis, energy conversion efficiency, environmental impact DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe. 20150805.2069 Citation: Li G, Ji F, Zhou Y G, Dong R J. Life cycle assessment of pyrolysis process of Desmodesmus sp. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2015; 8(5): 105－112.
Geology of the Newtonmore-Ben Macdui district : Bedrock and superficial geology of the Newtonmore-Ben Macdui district : description for sheet 64 (Scotland)

This report provides an account of the geology of the Newtonmore-Ben Macdui district in the Grampian Highlands of Scotland, which extends from the Cairngorm massif in the north-east, west across to the Upper Spey valley and south into the upper parts of Glen Tilt and Glen Fearnach. The district is nearly all remote countryside with steep-sided glens between upland plateaus with relatively few distinct mountain peaks. The entire area lies within the Cairngorm National Park and much of the land is covered by large estates run for game conservation and recreational sports. The bulk of the rocks are metasedimentary and most of these are assigned to the Neoproterozoic Dalradian Supergroup (Figure 1). In the north-west near Newtonmore, a ridge or ‘palaeohigh’ of older metasedimentary rocks, the Glen Banchor Subgroup, is considered to lie below the Dalradian. The Dalradian Supergroup forms a thick succession of originally clastic, carbonate and pelitic rocks. Much of the latter is graphitic and pelagic in origin. The metasedimentary rocks were intruded by relatively minor basic igneous and granitic bodies as the Rodinian palaeocontinent broke up. At about 470 Ma the Laurentian continental margin collided with an island arc causing the Grampian Event of the Caledonian Orogeny. The orogeny is mainly manifest in four deformation phases which included early large nappe-like folds, ductile shear-zones and prograde Barrovian regional metamorphism. Most of the rocks in this district lie within the kyanite zone but, because most of the rocks are siliceous, this index mineral is scarce. Semipelitic rocks are locally migmatitic. The earlier Precambrian metamorphism in the Glen Banchor Subgroup is overprinted by the Grampian metamorphism.
BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF EXTREME EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCES. PART I. PROBABILISTIC HAZARD MODEL

Bayesian probability theory in conjunction with the model of extremes is used to develop a Bayesian distribution of extreme earthquake occurrences by assuming that earthquakes represent a Poisson process with exponential distribution of magnitudes. The Bayesian distribution represents the probability that M max, the largest earthquake expected to occur within a period of t years, will exceed some specified magnitude m , and may be computed from the relationship, P ˜ ( M max ⁡ > m | t ) = 1 − ( t ″ t ″ + t [ 1 − F ˜ ( m ) ] ) n ″ where n ″ and t ″ represent updated (posterior) Bayesian estimates of the number of earthquakes and the time period of observation, respectively, and F∽ ( m ) is the Bayesian distribution of magnitudes, each updated from prior estimates of seismicity using historical observations of earthquake occurrences. Through the application of Bayesian probability theory, the above distribution contains two features that make it more powerful and reliable than the conventional extreme-value distribution. First, it incorporates statistical uncertainty in the estimation of seismicity in addition to the inherent uncertainty associated with the random nature of earthquake occurrences. Second, it provides a rigorous means of combining prior information on seismicity, such as geologica data, with available historical observations of earthquake occurrences. The last feature represents a major step toward the ability of earthquake engineers to systematically use information from geologists and seismologists, regarding the seismic potential of faults and small regions, in the probabilistic assessment of seismic hazards and provides a means of periodically updating estimates of earthquake occurrence probabilities as new seismicity data become available.
Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Working Paper Series Aggregation and the Ppp Puzzle in a Sticky-price Model Aggregation and the Ppp Puzzle in a Sticky-price Model

The views in this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco or the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Abstract We study the purchasing power parity (PPP) puzzle in a multi-sector, two-country, sticky-price model. Across sectors, …rms di¤er in the extent of price stickiness, in accordance with recent microeconomic evidence on price setting in various countries. Combined with local currency pricing, this leads sectoral real exchange rates to have heterogeneous dynamics. We show analytically that in this economy, deviations of the real exchange rate from PPP are more volatile and persistent than in a counterfactual one-sector world economy that features the same average frequency of price changes, and is otherwise identical to the multi-sector world economy. When simulated with a sectoral distribution of price stickiness that matches the microeconomic evidence for the U.S. economy, the model produces a half-life of deviations from PPP of 39 months. In contrast, the half-life of such deviations in the counterfactual one-sector economy is only slightly above one year. As a by-product, our model provides a decomposition of this di¤erence in persistence that allows a structural interpretation of the di¤erent approaches found in the empirical literature on aggregation and the real exchange rate. In particular, we reconcile the apparently con ‡icting …ndings that gave rise to the " PPP Strikes Back debate " (Imbs et al. 2005a,b and Chen and Engel 2005). for comments and suggestions. Chris Candelaria provided outstanding research assistance. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily re ‡ect the position of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, or the Federal Reserve System.
PALYNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF LATE CRETACEOUS SEDIMENTS OF THE NKPORO FORMATION IN THE AFIKPO SUB-BASIN, SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA.

The Late Cretaceous Afikpo Sub-basin was installed following the Santonian “squeeze”. The Nkporo Formation which comprises of interbedded sandstones, dark grey shales, siltstones and limestone lenses is the basal unit of this Sub-basin. Palynological analysis of shale samples from surface outcrops of the Formation yielded sixtyseven (67) palynomorphs species, made up of thirty-eight (38) pollen species, sixteen (16) spores species, thirteen (13) dinoflagellate cyst species and microforaminiferal wall-linings. The palynological assemblage consists of abundant Monocolpates, Tricolporates, Laevigates, triletes, Monolete spores and Dynocyst species. The presence of Dynocyst species of Andallussiella polymorpha, Coronifera tubulosa and Senegalinium bivacatum suggest that the shales outcropping in Afikpo and Asaga Amangwu areas (lower-middle part of the Formation) were deposited during the late Campanian. The upper part of the Formation outcropping on the scarp-slope of the Enugu-Okigwe Cuesta near Amaiyi and Nguzu Edda villages were dated early – mid Maastrichtian using Palynomorph species Longapertites marginatus, Monocolpites marginatus, Proxapertites cursus, Mauritidites