Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SoK: History is a Vast Early Warning System: Auditing the Provenance of System Intrusions

Auditing, a central pillar of operating system security, has only recently come into its own as an active area of public research. This resurgent interest is due in large part to the notion of data provenance, a technique that iteratively parses audit log entries into a dependency graph that explains the history of system execution. Provenance facilitates precise threat detection and investigation through causal analysis of sophisticated intrusion behaviors. However, the absence of a foundational audit literature, combined with the rapid publication of recent findings, makes it difficult to gain a holistic picture of advancements and open challenges in the area.In this work, we survey and categorize the provenance-based system auditing literature, distilling contributions into a layered taxonomy based on the audit log capture and analysis pipeline. Recognizing that the Reduction Layer remains a key obstacle to the further proliferation of causal analysis technologies, we delve further on this issue by conducting an ambitious independent evaluation of 8 exemplar reduction techniques against the recently-released DARPA Transparent Computing datasets. Our experiments uncover that past approaches frequently prune an overlapping set of activities from audit logs, reducing the synergistic benefits from applying them in tandem; further, we observe an inverse relation between storage efficiency and anomaly detection performance. However, we also observe that log reduction techniques are able to synergize effectively with data compression, potentially reducing log retention costs by multiple orders of magnitude. We conclude by discussing promising future directions for the field.
The Precise-Unique Intuition: Semantic Precision Signals Product Uniqueness

: Six experiments in the field and online reveal a novel “precise-unique” heuristic, whereby greater semantic precision increases perceived product uniqueness. We discover that the effect takes place when semantic precision characterizes product descriptions, but also when semantic precision is merely found in language surrounding the product and does not relate to the product itself. This precise-unique effect is mediated by the cognitive category resemblance: more precise words are less typical I their categories and therefore more precise language evokes perceptions of rarity and a-typicality.
Behavioral Intention to Experience Ethnic Cuisine Restaurants : The Impact of Country-of-Origin Image, Cuisine Knowledge and Authenticity

Ethnic cuisine plays an important role in the hospitality industry. Therefore, this study aims to examine the behavioral intention to experience ethnic cuisine restaurants. This research also investigates the impact of several factors on the customer's intention to experience ethnic cuisine restaurants, such as country image, cuisine knowledge, food, and environment authenticity. A total sample of 560 questionnaires was gathered by asking the customers dining at Thai and Korean restaurants in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. The research employs the approach of partial least square structural equation modeling to analyze data collected and generate several meaningful results. The empirical findings note the significant role of affective country-of-origin image in the relationship with cuisine image and then behavioral intention. Besides, this study highlights the positive connections between cuisine knowledge and authentic factors with the customer's intention. The managerial implications can be useful for understanding diners’ insights and attracting them to experience ethnic cuisine restaurants
Comparison Between the Safety and Eff ectiveness of Al-Hijama (Cupping) and the Conventional Medical Therapy as Treatment for Sinusitis (II)

Sinusitis has severe negative eff ects on the quality of life and on work productivity. Cupping (Al-Hijama in Arabic) is a historical, yet a successful, method of treatment for many health problems, and it is now an international evidence-based medical treatment. This study compared the eff ectiveness and the safety of the cupping therapy as an adjuvant or alternative to pharmacological therapy, based on clinical examinations and their corresponding laboratory results. A randomized and controlled clinical trial was conducted in the Prophetic Medicine Research Cupping Clinic of the King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, by recruiting 60 patients, who were suff ering from chronic or recurrent acute sinusitis. The patients were divided into three groups: 1) those who had undergone Al-Hijama with drug therapy; 2) those who had Al-Hijama plus a salt nasal solution and an analgesic, when needed; and 3) those who were regularly treated with ordinary medicine. The groups were re-examined after three months of treatment. The results showed signifi cant diff erences on the eff ects of cupping, based on the results of the clinical and the laboratory analyses (Eosinophil). Al-Hijama therapy was found to be eff ective, simple, aff ordable, acceptable, and safe, when used correctly.
Contribution of Asphalt Rubber Mixtures to Sustainable Pavements by Reducing Pavement Thickness

Asphalt rubber mixtures have been used as pavement surface layers due to their ability to prevent early degradation, and are considered a sustainable option. This study performed analysis comparing the fatigue resistance of asphalt rubber mixtures of different combinations of asphalt bases, crumb rubber, and gradation, in order to estimate the performance of asphalt rubber mixtures as pavement surface layers. The methodology was developed in a laboratory and involved asphalt rubber production by continuous and terminal blend systems with different crumb rubbers and asphalt base types. Asphalt rubber mixtures with varying gradations and an unmodified asphalt mixture as a reference were produced. The mechanical behavior as a dynamic modulus and with respect to fatigue resistance was evaluated using a four-point bending test. In order to verify each of the asphalt rubber mixtures’ contribution as a surface layer, pavement structures were designed and their lifespans were compared. The findings showed that all asphalt rubber mixtures presented higher fatigue resistance than the reference. For pavement design, in comparison with the reference mixture, the thickness of the surface layer could be reduced by at least 50% while achieving the same life, proving its successful performance. This study demonstrated the effective contribution of crumb rubber from scrap tires as an asphalt modifier for producing sustainable mixtures with adequate fatigue performance.
The Relatively Stable Seepage Field: A New Concept to Determine Seepage Field in the Design of a Dry-Stack Tailings Pond

The determination of seepage field is the basis to design seepage drainage facilities and dam slopes in tailings pond. However, in the design of a dry-stack tailings pond with a long service life, previous research has been mostly limited to the influence of short-term rainfall, and a proper concept has not been formed to guide the calculation of the seepage field in the design of a dry-stack tailings pond under the cumulative effect of long-term periodic rainfall. The objective of this study is to propose a new concept to concisely determine the seepage field for the design of a dry-stack tailings pond under multi-year periodic rainfall. To this end, the calculation model of the seepage field of a dry-stack tailings pond under multiyear rainfall was established. The evolution process of the seepage field was studied by numerical simulation based on the calculation model and the final form of the seepage field evolution of a dry-stack tailings pond was found. Accordingly, a new concept, the relatively stable seepage field (RSSF) which can be used as the basis for seepage drainage facilities and the dam slope design of a dry-stack tailings pond, was proposed and named. Furthermore, the influencing factors of a relatively stable seepage field were studied by numerical simulation. The results show that: (1) the cumulative infiltration of long-term periodic rainfall is the main reason for the formation of the RSSF, and (2) under the condition of constant annual rainfall, the distribution of the RSSF has little to do with the selection of rainfall mode. Therefore, a new understanding has been formed from this article whereby the RSSF is an essential basis to be considered in the design of the dam slope and drainage system of a dry-stack tailings pond.
Robust classification in market research

In market research we usually face the problem of classifying multivariate data which show a high degree of correlation, are likely to contain several multivariate outliers and are not normal. In these situations the application of standard clustering methods like k-means which assume spherical data and absence of outliers fails completely to reveal the real structure of the data. In this work we introduce a dataset of facial cosmetics produced by industrial brand and private labels to illustrate the problems described above. We show, through an application, how it is possible using new robust classification tools and how is possible to cope with multivariate outliers, non normality and high correlation among variables.
Application of Random Forest Model Integrated with Feature Reduction for Biomass Torrefaction

A random forest (RF) model integrated with feature reduction was implemented to predict the properties of torrefied biomass based on feedstock and torrefaction conditions. Four features were selected for the prediction of fuel ratio (FR) and nitrogen content (Nt), and five features were selected for O/C and H/C ratios and HHV values. The results showed that the feature-reduced model had excellent prediction performance with the values of R2 higher than 0.93 and RMSE less than 0.58 for all targets. Moreover, partial dependence analysis (PDA) was performed to quantify the impacts of selected features and torrefaction conditions on the targets. Temperature was the dominant factor for FR, O/C and H/C ratios, and HHV values, whereas Nt was determined most on the nitrogen content in the feedstock (Ni). This study provided comprehensive information for understanding biomass torrefaction.
Three-dimensional atom probe studies of an InxGa1−xN∕GaN multiple quantum well structure: Assessment of possible indium clustering

An InxGa1−xN∕GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) structure that exhibited bright photoluminescence was examined with the three-dimensional atom probe. The quantum wells were clearly imaged and the indium fraction x measured to be 0.19±0.01, in good agreement with x-ray diffraction measurements. The distribution of indium in the MQWs was analyzed: no evidence for either high indium concentration regions or indium clustering was found, in contrast with many of the transmission electron microscopy studies in the literature. The authors conclude that indium clustering is not necessary for bright luminescence in InGaN.
Infrasound signal classification using parallel RBF Neural Networks

A classification system is presented for discriminating different infrasound events using a Parallel Neural Network Classifier Bank (PNNCB) consisting of Radial Basis Function (RBF) networks. The classifier architecture and the pre-processing steps are unique and yield results that are superior when compared with those previously reported. Three-dimensional Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves are used to optimally set the output thresholds at each of the classification modules in the PNNCB for a particular class. A process is presented that enables optimising certain parameters of the classifier system. An application of the classification system to four infrasound classes is presented along with performance results and associated Confidence Intervals (CIs).
ERK contributes to B cell receptor-induced cell spreading in the A20 mouse B cell line

B cells provide protective immunity by secreting antibodies. When a B cell encounters its specific antigen, B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling initiates actin remodeling. This allows B cells to spread on antigen-bearing surfaces and find more antigen, which increases BCR signaling and facilitates B cell activation. The BCR activates multiple signaling pathways that target actin-regulatory proteins. Although the extracellular signal-regulated kinases ERK1 and ERK2 regulate actin-dependent processes in adherent cells, their role in BCR-induced actin remodeling had not been investigated. Here, we show that targeting ERK with chemical inhibitors or siRNA inhibits BCR-induced spreading in a murine B cell line.
9 Reinforcement learning-based control of drug dosing with applications to anesthesia and cancer therapy

This chapter presents a general framework that utilizes reinforcement learning (RL)based method to regulate multiple parameters during intravenous drug administration. First, the Q-learning algorithm which is an RL-based method is used to fine tune continuous infusion of the drug propofol for patients in the ICU. We control the infusion of propofol so as to keep the bispectral index (BIS) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the patient at a desired range. Next, the use of a similarQ-learning-based controller is discussed to regulate the drug titration while different drugs with synergistic interactive effects are administered simultaneously. Finally, an RL-based controller design strategy for cancer chemotherapy treatment is also presented.
Companions to bright S and MS stars - Technetium deficiency and binarity

To test the popular hypothesis that technetium-deficient stars of spectral types S and MS are mass-transfer binaries, we have searched for ultraviolet light from the putative hot secondaries in spectra taken with the SWP spectrograph of IUE. Although most S and MS stars are apparently thermally pulsing AGB (asymptotic giant branch) stars whose surfaces have been enriched with s-process elements and carbon dredged up from the interior, those stars whose spectra show enhanced s-process elements but no Tc are widely believed to be cooler analogs of the Ba II stars, which apparently owe their unusual abundances to prior mass transfer, the Tc from which has decayed away. We report IUE observations of 15 S and MS stars with the SWP, including the identification of six hot companions. Assembling all the IUE observations made to date, we find clear support for the mass-transfer hypothesis, confirming evidence from other lines of research. We further discuss the ages of the companions and the implications of these discoveries for stellar evolution.
Radio study of X-ray clusters of galaxies—II. A1300: a post-merger cluster at z=0.31 containing a halo and a relic

As part of an extensive radio--IR--optical--X-ray study of ROSAT clusters of galaxies in the Hydra region we have observed the Abell cluster A1300, one of the most distant (z≃ 0.31) and X-ray luminous (LX∼ 1.7 × 1045 erg s-1 cm-2, 0.1--2.4 keV) clusters in the sample, with the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope at 843 MHz and the Australia Telescope Compact Array at 1.34, 2.4, 4.8 and 8.6 GHz. Previous results in the X-ray and optical have suggested that A1300 is in a post-merging phase. We present further evidence of this with the discovery of two diffuse radio sources projected within the extended X-ray emission of A1300. These may be among the most distant radio halo and relic sources yet found. We argue that the halo source, which is seen in projection near the centre of the cluster and coincides with an extension in the X-ray surface brightness distribution, is the result of a cluster-wide process related to the merger.
Fitting Single and Mixture of Generalized Lambda Distributions to Data via Discretized and Maximum Likelihood Methods: GLDEX in R

This paper describes the use of GLDEX in R to fit distributions to empirical data using the discretized and maximum likelihood methods. The GLDEX package also provides diagnostic tests to examine the quality of fit through the resample Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test, quantile plots and comparison of the mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis between the empirical data and the fitted distribution.
Affine semigroup rings and monomial varieties

We present a techinique which constructs an affine semigroup Se,d (resp. a monomial variety) from a given affine semigroup S (resp. monomial variety). The two affine semigroups (resp. monomial varieties) have a number of algebraic properties in common. Using this technique we are able to unify and extend a number of results scattered in the literature.
Energy Flux and Wavelet Diagnostics of Secondary Mountain Waves

Abstract In recent years, aircraft data from mountain waves have been primarily analyzed using velocity and temperature power spectrum and momentum flux estimation. Herein it is argued that energy flux wavelets (i.e., pressure–velocity wavelet cross-spectra) provide a more powerful tool for locating and classifying different types of mountain waves. In the first part of the paper, pressure–velocity cross-spectra using various linear mountain-wave solutions are shown to be capable of disentangling collocated waves with different propagation directions and wavelength. A field of group velocity vectors can also be determined. In the second part, the energy flux wavelet technique is applied to five cases of mountain waves entering the stratosphere from the Terrain-Induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX) in 2006. Perturbation pressure along the flight track is determined using aircraft static pressure corrected hydrostatically with GPS altitude. In four of the cases, collocated long up-propagating and short down-prop.
Multiterminal source coding for correlated memoryless Gaussian sources with several side information at the decoder

We consider a separate coding system for L+1 correlated Gaussian memoryless sources. We deal with the case where the decoder wishes to reconstruct one of L+1 source outputs with an average mean squared error not exceeding a prescribed level. In this case the remaining L sources work as partial side information at the decoder for the reconstruction of the source. The determination problem of the rate-distortion region for this system has been known as a highly challenging problem. We give a partial solution to this problem by determining the rate-distortion region for a certain class of correlated sources. The result has a close relationship to our previous results.
X-ray spectroscopy mission (XMM) telescope development

The High Throughput X-Ray Spectroscopy Mission (XMM) is a `Cornerstone' Project in the ESA long-term Programme for Space Science. The satellite observatory uses three grazing incidence mirror modules coupled to reflection grating spectrometers and X-ray CCD cameras. In order to achieve a large effective area, each XMM mirror module shall consist of 58 Wolter I mirrors which are nested in a coaxial and cofocal configuration. This high packing density requires the production and integration of very thin mirror shells with diameters included between 300 and 700 mm. In 1991-93, a development program was run which aims to demonstrate the feasibility of such mirrors. Demonstration models which integrate mirrors having different sizes were manufactured using CFRP replication and Nickel electroforming technologies. These were X-ray tested. The proposed paper summarizes the activities and the test results obtained during this program.
Preferential etching of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes with small diameter by fluorine gas

Cheol-Min Yang,1 Kay Hyeok An,1 Jin Sung Park,1 Kyung Ah Park,1 Seong Chu Lim,1 Se-Ho Cho,2 Young Seak Lee,3 Wanjun Park,4 Chong Yun Park,1 and Young Hee Lee1,* 1BK21 Physics Division, Institute of Basic Science, Center for Nanotubes and Nanostructured Composites, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Republic of Korea 3Department of Fine Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea 4Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon 440-600, Republic of Korea Received 22 August 2005; published 14 February 2006
Cluster Glass and Domain State Properties of KTaO3 Li

The phase boundary between low-temperature dipole glass and ferroelectric states of K1-xLixTaO3 is proposed to lie within 0.016 40 K. The crossover concentration xc ~ 0.022 is extrapolated from the condition Tg(xc) = Tc(xc) ~ 41.5 K.
Disagreements in low-level moisture between (Re)analyses over summertime West Africa

AbstractReanalysis and operational analysis products are routinely used as the best estimates of the atmospheric state for operational and research purposes. However, different models, assimilation techniques, and assimilated datasets lead to differences between products. Here, such differences in the distribution of low-level water vapor over summertime West Africa are analyzed, as reflected in the zonal mean position of the leading edge of the West African monsoon [the intertropical discontinuity (ITD)] using five reanalyses [NCEP–NCAR, NCEP–Department of Energy (DOE), the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and the Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim)] and two operational analyses [Global Forecast System (GFS) and ECMWF] during the 11 monsoon seasons (April–September) from 2000 to 2010. Specific humidity differences regularly reach 50% of the mean value over areas spanning hundreds of kilometers and often coincide wi.
AN INTEGRATED SPACE-TIME FINITE-VOLUME METHOD FOR MOVING-BOUNDARY PROBLEMS

A new finite-volume method for moving-mesh problems, called the integrated space-time (IST) finite-volume method, is presented. This concept extends the finite-volume principle to both space and time, thereby satisfying the geometric conservation law (GCL) implicitly. Consequently, the method lends itself well to moving-boundary problems. An additional feature of the IST is the unification of the transient and advection terms, so that the same second-order discretization can be used for both. The IST framework is implemented using a cell-centered method, which includes a new linearly-exact discretization for diffusion terms that is equally applicable to isotropic and anisotropic continua and collapses to classical computational molecules on orthogonal meshes
Grouping through local, parallel interactions

This paper describes a new approach for computer based visual grouping. A number of computational principles are defined related to results on neurophysiological and psychophysical experiments. The grouping principles have been subdivided into two groups. The 'first-order processes' perform local operations on 'basic' features such as luminance, color, and orientation. 'Second-order processes' consider bilocal interactions (stereo, optical flow, texture, symmetry). The computational scheme developed in this paper relies on the solution of a set of nonlinear differential equations. They are referred to as 'coupled diffusion maps'. Such systems obey the prescribed computational principles. Several maps, corresponding to different features, evolve in parallel, while all computations within and between the maps are localized in a small neighborhood. Moreover, interactions between maps are bidirectional and retinotopically organized, features also underlying processing by the human visual system. Within this framework, new techniques are proposed and developed for e.g. the segmentation of oriented textures, stereo analysis, optical flow detection, etc. Experiments show that the underlying algorithms prove to be successful for first-order as well as second-order grouping processes and show the promising possiblities such a framework can offer for a large number of low-level vision tasks.