Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Politics of School Desegregation

This insightful analysis of school desegregation in fifteen American cities makes an important contribution to the urban politics literature. The skillful use of statistical methods (primarily rank order correlations) clearly demonstrates the feasibility of combining methodological rigor and sophistication with an interest in the most relevant political issues. The number of cases was small (usually N=7 or 8) because Crain wisely focused on systemic rather than individual attributes in explaining the inter-city variation in acquiescence to desegregation demands. For example, an ideological variable, the civil rights liberalism of the northern school boards, was directly and closely associated with acquiescence. Yet such liberalism was greatest in those cities where the largely reformist, good government—and civil rights oriented—social and civic "elite had not moved into the suburbs. In fact, civil rights liberalism was more closely associated with political reformism than with conventional pro-New Deal economic liberalism— suggesting a major role for political theory in explicating the shift in ideological alignments that are now re-shaping the politics of American race relations. Acquiescence was also greater, however, in those northern cities where the low economic status of the entire population, and often a machine tradition, meant limited participation in school politics by anti-integrationist middle income whites.
Commentary: A Response to “Preparing Special Education Administrators for Inclusion in Diverse, Standards-Based Contexts,” by Deborah L. Voltz and Loucrecia Collins (2010)

The purpose of this commentary is to respond to the article written by Voltz and Collins (2010) that considered the preparation of special education administrators for inclusion in diverse, standards-based contexts by highlighting the Administrator of Special Education Standards that were adopted in 2009 by the Council for Exceptional Children. The authors of the present article agree that the 2003 Administrator of Special Education Standards used in Voltz and Collins’s article were not responsive to the contemporary demands of educating students with exceptionalities and serving families from diverse backgrounds. The authors also agree with Voltz and Collins that administrators of special education need to be prepared to lead in settings that serve children with disabilities from diverse backgrounds. In their response, the authors highlight the features of the 2009 standards that they believe address the concerns with the 2003 standards that Voltz and Collins raised in their article.
Idiopathic Premature Closure of the Ductus Arteriosus: An Indication for Early Delivery

Idiopathic intrauterine closure of the ductus arteriosus, distinct from intrauterine constriction associated with maternal NSAID ingestion or other secondary causes, is an uncommon event that often results in significant morbidity and mortality. We report on a 32‐week fetus with meconium pseudocyst that presented with idiopathic intrauterine constriction of the ductus arteriosus, and review the literature. We suggest that early diagnosis and judicious obstetrical management, in conjunction with pediatric cardiology consultation based on serial fetal echocardiography, can lead to timely delivery and reversal of the pathophysiology providing the potential for a favorable outcome.
Emotion and technology: an empirical study

This paper reports on a study of peoples’ experiences and emotions when using technology. Early results from the study give insight into a range of emotional responses to technology and the factors influencing them. The results suggest that a highly significant element of users’ experience of technology is related to the social context of use. We propose different dimensions of social context and explore social interaction using technology.
Typologies of the Cultural Position of Drinking

Objective: Typologies of the cultural position of drinking from the social science literature are reviewed. Method: The article re- views significant studies and literature on the topic. Results: Starting in the 1940s, two research traditions considered variations in the cultural position of drinking as explanations of rates of drinking prob- lems. A "holocultural" tradition coded and analyzed ethnographic data on tribal and village societies, starting in the 1940s, with each study identifying a different social dimension as crucial. A "sociocultural" tra- dition distinguished abstinent cultures from prescriptive cultures, in which drinking was integrated with daily life, and expected, but drunk- enness was prohibited. These types were implicitly contrasted with American drinking, which was variously characterized. Other dimen- sional and typological approaches in the literature are considered, in- cluding a little-known Jellinek typology. Problems with the widely used distinction between "wetter" and "drier" (or "temperance") cultures are discussed. Conclusions: Four ideal types of the cultural position of drinking can be readily distinguished: abstinent societies, constrained ritual drinking, banalized drinking and fiesta drunkenness. A large resid- ual category remains, however, and a dimensional approach to typology building may be more fruitful. Two basic dimensions are proposed-- regularity of drinking and extent of drunkenness--and further dimen- sions are described that may be added to fit the requirements of the particular study. (J. Stud. Alcohol 61: 475-483, 2000) T HAS LONG BEEN recognized that societies differ in drinking practices and in the cultural position of drinking. Efforts to systematize such observations into typologies of the cultural position of drinking have a shorter history, stretching back about half a century. This article reviews and discusses these efforts. By the "cultural position of drinking" we are referring both to norms about the use of alcohol in the culture and to the relation of drinking to other aspects of the culture. Not far from the surface, in most modern discussions of the cultural position of drinking, is also a concern about the occurrence of problems related to drinking in the culture. The holocultural studies tradition The holocultural tradition used a dimensional approach in correlational analyses of Human Relations Area Files (HRAF) data on preindustrial societies. Holocultural theo- ries explicitly sought to explain intercultural variations in the use of alcohol in terms of generalized functions of drinking on the individual level. Behind the various hypotheses and analyses in the tradition lay a concern with explaining Amer- ican alcoholism. In the first such study, Horton (1943) hypothesized that the
Book Review: Youth Justice Handbook: Theory, Policy and Practice

This book arises from a colloquium held in 2007 and organized by the Open University (UK). The purpose was to inform the curriculum for a new Foundation Degree in Youth Justice. In the process, the colloquium organizers have furnished themselves with a challenging book that, no doubt, will comprise a key text for their new degree. It is titled a Handbook but it is not a „how-to‟ manual. Taylor describes it as a „friendly companion‟ (p.xxi) and this is what the reader must expect. The coverage is extensive, with 23 substantive but relatively short chapters, and, very occasionally, the argument can be rather compressed for easy reading. However, I found this offset by the advantages of breadth and the exercise of tight editorial control.
History, presence and perspective of using plant extracts as commercial botanical insecticides and farm products for protection against insects – a review

Pavela R. (2016): History, presence and perspective of using plant extracts as commercial botanical insecticides and farm products for protection against insects – a review. Plant Protect. Sci., 52: 229–241. Botanical insecticides keep attracting more attention from environmental and small farmers worldwide as they are considered as a suitable alternative to synthetic insecticides. The use of secondary metabolites in a defensive manner isolated from plants is a tradition more than 3000 years old. However, despite current intensive research, the assortment of suitable commercial products is very limited and insufficient in view of the global rise in the demand for biopesticides. Farm products as well as new basic substances offer an important perspective of being widely used in the protection against harmful insects due to their multiple undoubted benefits. These benefits, which are also drawbacks of botanical insecticides, as well as their history in addition to their presence and perspective are critically reviewed in this paper.
Improving feature selection process resistance to failures caused by curse-of-dimensionality effects

The purpose of feature selection in machine learning is at least two-fold ‐ saving measurement acquisition costs and reducing the negative eects of the curse of dimensionality with the aim to improve the accuracy of the models and the classification rate of classifiers with respect to previously unknown data. Yet it has been shown recently that the process of feature selection itself can be negatively aected by the very same curse of dimensionality ‐ feature selection methods may easily over-fit or perform unstably. Such an outcome is unlikely to generalize well and the resulting recognition system may fail to deliver the expectable performance. In many tasks, it is therefore crucial to employ additional mechanisms of making the feature selection process more stable and resistant the curse of dimensionality eects. In this paper we discuss three dierent approaches to reducing this problem. We present an algorithmic extension applicable to various feature selection methods, capable of reducing excessive feature subset dependency not only on specific training data, but also on specific criterion function properties. Further, we discuss the concept of criteria ensembles, where various criteria vote about feature inclusion/removal and go on to provide a general definition of feature selection hybridization aimed at combining the advantages of dependent and independent criteria. The presented ideas are illustrated through examples and summarizing recommendations are given.
A Privacy-Preserving NFC Mobile Pass for Transport Systems

The emergence of the NFC (Near Field Communication) technology brings new capacities to the next generation of smartphones, but also new security and privacy challenges. Indeed through its contactless interactions with external entities, the smartphone of an individual will become an essential authentication tool for service providers such as transport operators. However, from the point of view of the user, carrying a part of the service through his smartphone could be a threat for his privacy. Indeed, an external attacker or the service provider himself could be tempted to track the actions of the user. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving contactless mobile service, in which a user’s identity cannot be linked to his actions when using the transport system. The security of our proposition relies on the combination of a secure element in the smartphone and on a privacy-enhancing cryptographic protocol based on a variant of group signatures. In addition, although a user should remain anonymous and his actions unlinkable in his daily journeys, we designed a technique for lifting his anonymity in extreme circumstances. In order to guarantee the usability of our solution, we implemented a prototype demonstrating that our solution meets the major functional requirements for real transport systems: namely that the mobile pass can be validated at a gate in less than 300 ms, and this even if the battery of the smartphone is exhausted.
Are Informing Knowledge and Supportive Attitude Enough for Tobacco Control? A Latent Class Analysis of Cigarette Smoking Patterns among Medical Teachers in China

Background: This study is one part of a five-year tobacco-control project in China, which aimed to gain insight into the smoking behavior, knowledge, and attitudes among medical teachers in China. Methods: In May 2010, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical teachers of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, China. Results: A total number of 682 medical teachers completed the surveys. Latent class analysis indicated the sample of smoking patterns was best represented by three latent subgroups of smoking consumption severity levels. Most respondents were informed of smoking related knowledge, but lack of knowledge on smoking cessation. Most of them held a supportive attitude towards their responsibilities among tobacco control, as well as the social significance of smoking. However, both smoking related knowledge and attitude were not correlated with severity of smoking consumption among medical teachers. Conclusion: The smoking prevalence among medical teachers in China remains high. Programs on smoking cessation training are required. Future study should also develop targeted interventions for subgroups of smokers based on smoking consumption. Persistent and effective anti-tobacco efforts are needed to achieve the goals of creating smoke-free campuses and hospitals.
Studies on the host specificity of the eyefluke, Diplostomum spathaceum, in brown and rainbow trout

Trout collected from the Hanningfield Trout Farm in Essex, England, were found to be infected with Diplostomum spathaceum. Yearling rainbow trout were blinded with heavy infections of eyefluke, whereas brown trout of the same age carried one-tenth the number of flukes and were clear eyed. Both species were reared under identical conditions, in parallel rearing channels which received water from a common source. Samples showed that young fish exhibited a similar differential in their infestations, and that rainbow trout did not appear to be age-resistant. Laboratory infections produced by exposure of fish to suspensions of cercariae and injection of cercariae into the body cavity reflected the field results, indicating that ecological factors were not involved. Recovery of cercariae from host tissues, and histological observations of similar numbers entering both hosts, indicated that cercariae were able to survive penetration. Excised eye preparations were equally susceptible to infection. Two cm fry of both species were shown to be highly susceptible. Migration in brown trout took 3 h longer than in rainbow trout of the same size, many cercariae being found in the heart during this time. Two mechanisms of insusceptibility were suggested: (1) a greater impenetrability of brown trout tissues; (2) a disorientation of migrating cercariae in brown trout.
A Soluble Chemokine-Binding Protein from Vaccinia Virus Reduces Virus Virulence and the Inflammatory Response to Infection1

Many poxviruses express a secreted protein that binds CC chemokines with high affinity and has been called viral CC chemokine inhibitor (vCCI). This protein is unrelated to any known cellular protein, yet can compete with host cellular CC chemokine receptors to modulate host inflammatory and immune responses. Although several strains of vaccinia virus (VV) express a vCCI, the best characterized VV strains Western Reserve and Copenhagen do not. In this study, we have expressed the vCCI from VV strain Lister in a recombinant Western Reserve virus (vΔB8R-35K) and characterized its binding properties in vitro and its effect on virulence in vivo relative to wild-type virus (vΔB8R) or a revertant virus (vΔB8R-R) where Lister 35-kDa had been removed. Cells infected with vΔB8R-35K secreted a 35-kDa protein that bound the CC chemokine macrophage-inflammatory protein 1α. Expression of vCCI attenuated the virus in a murine intranasal model, characterized by reduced mortality and weight loss, decreased virus replication and spread, and a reduced recruitment of inflammatory cells into the lungs of VV-infected mice. The CC chemokines macrophage-inflammatory protein 1α, eotaxin, and macrophage chemotactic protein 1 were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from vΔB8R-infected mice; however, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from vΔB8R-35K-infected mice had lower levels of chemokines and a reduced chemotactic activity for murine leukocytes in vitro. These observations suggest that vCCI plays an important role in regulating leukocyte trafficking to the lungs during VV infection by binding to CC chemokines and blocking their chemotactic activities.
Efeito da reabilitação vestibular em paciente pós traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE): relato de caso Effects of vestibular rehabilitation on patient after TBI: case report

Background: Postural control is one of the most complex sensory motor functions of the human body, since the perfect harmony in the execution and understanding of vestibular, visual and proprioceptive information is integrated by the central nervous system (CNS). A disturbance in the integration of such systems determines motor, sensitive and/or cognitive damage that compromises the mobility of the individual. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an event that may lead to a patient’s death or chronic incapacity, which invariably affects their family environment and interferes in their social/professional lives. The treatment of such patients promotes a significant recovery of their balance, especially when aspects related to the vestibule-ocular reflex are worked with. Vestibular rehabilitation is a therapeutic tool indicated for the treatment of patients with physical balance impairment; its efficiency is based on the mechanisms related to the neuronal plasticity of the CNS. Objective: To describe the contribution of labyrinthine therapy based on the habituation in a patient suffering from brain injury trauma with labyrinthine and cerebellar damage. Methodology: Case study of a 55 year-old male patient treated at the Otoneurology Department of Clinica de Fonoaudologia at UNEB between 2008 and 2013. The procedure used followed the care protocol of the referred department for patients suffering from dizziness: information on how the program works, theoretical explanation on anatomophysiopathology of the vestibular system, phonoaudiological anamnesis directed to the auditory and vestibular systems, application of DHI (Dizziness Handicap Inventory) pre and post treatment, use of the relaxation protocol of the pectoral girdle, nystagmus stimulation, use of Cawthorne, Cooksey, zee and the Italian Association of Otology, use of virtual reality games such as Knect Xbox. Results: After the use of all the recommended procedures for the case in question, an improvement of the static and dynamic physical balance of the patient was observed. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it is possible to affirm that the choice for assorted protocols that may compose a labyrinthine system rehabilitation program, especially in patients with mixed vestibulopathy, as in the present case study, has shown to be useful for the recuperation of the basic daily life activities performed by the patient, mainly after the strategic therapy with virtual games. That way, it has been found that its association to the traditional protocols has lead to a higher possibility of achieving the patient’s habituation and adherence to the treatment, bringing back the patient’s balance as well as his autonomy.
Delay-Dependent Methods: When Does the First Delay Interval Need a Special Analysis?

This paper deals with the solution bounds of time-delay systems via delay-dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii methods. Solution bounds are widely used for systems with input saturation caused by the actuators saturation or by the quantizers with saturation. We show that an additional bound for solutions is needed for the first time-interval, where t < τ(t). This first time-interval does not influence on the stability and the exponential decay rate analysis. The analysis of the first time-interval is important for nonlinear systems e.g. for finding the domain of attraction. In the present paper, firstly regional stabilization of a linear plant with the input time-delay and saturation is revisited, where the saturation avoidance approach is used. Then the results are applied to the stabilization of Networked Control Systems (NCS) with actuators saturation under the Round-Robin (RR) scheduling protocol.
Testing for nested oscillation

Nested oscillation occurs when the amplitude of a faster rhythm is coupled to the phase of a slower rhythm. It has been proposed to underlie the discrete nature of perception and the capacity of working memory and is a phenomenon observable in human brain imaging data. This paper compares three published methods for detecting nested oscillation and a fourth method proposed in this paper. These are: (i) the modulation index, (ii) the phase-locking value (PLV), (iii) the envelope-to-signal correlation (ESC) and (iv) a general linear model (GLM) measure derived from ESC. We applied the methods to electrocorticographic (ECoG) data recorded during a working-memory task and to data from a simulated hippocampal Cross-frequency coupling Oscillations interneuron network. Further simulations were then made to address the dependence of each measure on signal to noise level, coupling phase, epoch length, sample rate, signal nonstationarity, and multi-phasic clusio
Therapeutic hypothermia as a bridge to transplantation in patients with fulminant hepatic failure

The most important topics in fulminant hepatic failure are cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension. Among all therapeutic options, systemic induced hypothermia to 33 - 34ºC has been reported to reduce the high pressure and increase the time during which patients can tolerate a graft. This review discusses the indications and adverse effects of hypothermia.
SOME ASPECTS OF UNITARY REPRESENTATIONS OF CLASSICAL GROUPS

A fundamental problem in representation theory is to determine the unitary dual Ĝ of a given (real) reductive Lie group G, namely the collection of equivalent classes of all irreducible unitary representations of G. For a compact Lie group, irreducible unitary representations were parameterized long time ago through the work of Cartan and Weyl (Cartan’s Theorem of Highest Weight and Weyl’s Character Formula). Unfortunately if the reductive Lie group is not compact, its unitary representations are either 1-dimensional or can only be found in infinite-dimensional spaces. Thus a major task is to invent ways of constructing (new) representations and determine when the representations produced are unitary. In this article, we will first review three important and well-known constructions: parabolic induction, cohomological induction and dual pair correspondence. We will also discuss a comparison technique called transfer of unitary representations between real forms. As mentioned, the most (and the only) obvious unitary representations of any reductive Lie group G are its unitary characters. Starting from this collection, other unitary representations may then be constructed through application of general procedures, and so on. Indeed, the spherical unitary principal series are obtained by normalized parabolic induction from unitary characters of a minimal parabolic subgroup and are naturally associated with certain hyperbolic coadjoint orbits; Unitary representations associated to elliptic coadjoint orbits are obtained by cohomological induction from unitary characters of the centralizers of elliptic elements (the Aq(λ)’s), among them there