Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gravitational Lens Statistics and the Density Profile of Dark Halos

We investigate the influence of the inner profile of lens objects on gravitational lens statistics, taking into account the effect of magnification bias and both the evolution and the scatter of halo profiles. We take the dark halos as the lens objects and consider the following three models for the density profile of dark halos: the SIS (singular isothermal sphere) profile, the NFW (Navarro-Frenk-White) profile, and the generalized NFW profile, which has a different slope at smaller radii. The mass function of dark halos is assumed to be given by the Press-Schechter function. We find that magnification bias for the NFW profile is an order of magnitude larger than that for SIS. We estimate the sensitivity of the lensing probability of distant sources to the inner profile of lenses and to the cosmological parameters. It turns out that the lensing probability is strongly dependent on the inner density profile as well as on the cosmological constant. We compare the predictions with the largest observational sample, the Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey. The absence or presence of large splitting events in larger surveys currently underway, such as the Two Degree Field system survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, could set constraints on the inner density profile of dark halos.
Linear R-Tree Revisited

Abstract The problem of finding an optimal splitting of overflowed nodes has a major influence on query performance of the R-tree spatial index structure. Most of the previous split heuristics of R-tree-based index structures have quadratic time and face the problem of increasing overlap of the resulting minimum bounding rectangles (MBRs). In this paper, we propose an efficient heuristic method for handling R-tree node splits. The proposed method is an enhancement of the Linear R-tree method proposed in C. Ang & T. Tan, New linear node splitting algorithm for R-trees, Proc. 5th Int. Symposium on Advances in Spatial Databases, 1997, 339–349. However, it provides a solution to resolve the distance tie problem to prevent the splitting algorithm from halting. From a practical point of view, the new splitting method is very attractive because it has linear time complexity, acceptable space utilization, as well as better query performance. Results from several experiments conducted using real-life as well as synthetic datasets show that the proposed splitting method outperforms the quadratic version of the original R-tree in terms of query performance and construction time.
Technology Ladders and R&D in Dynamic Cournot Markets

Motivated by dramatic and unpredictable technological advances in energy production (for instance drilling and extraction of shale oil), we extend Cournot models of competition to incorporate research and development (RD for example the potential of future monopoly can spur R&D investment now, even if the firm is presently uncompetitive and not actively producing. We also show that, surprisingly, random innovations have an ambiguous effect on R&D. This feature, which is driven by the Cournot framework, contrasts with the common situation whereby uncertainty lowers innovation and delays R&D investments. Finally, we demonstrate that increased competition may actually increase efforts to innovate through higher desire to achieve dominance. This would match the anecdotal evidence that the threat of market entrants forces incumbents to maintain high R&D.
Dichotomy in the Dynamical Status of Massive Cores in Orion

To study the evolution of high-mass cores, we have searched for evidence of collapse motions in a large sample of starless cores in the Orion molecular cloud. We used the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory telescope to obtain spectra of the optically thin (H13CO+) and optically thick (HCO+) high-density tracer molecules in 27 cores with masses >1 M☉. The red- and blue-asymmetries seen in the line profiles of the optically thick line with respect to the optically thin line indicate that 2/3 of these cores are not static. We detect evidence for infall (inward motions) in 9 cores and outward motions for 10 cores, suggesting a dichotomy in the kinematic state of the nonstatic cores in this sample. Our results provide an important observational constraint on the fraction of collapsing (inward motions) versus noncollapsing (reexpanding) cores for comparison with model simulations.
A Complexity Metrics Set for Large-Scale Object-Oriented Software Systems

Although traditional software metrics have widely been applied to practical software projects, they have insufficient abilities to measure a large-scale system's complexity at high level so as to provide an overview of the system for developers. So, an adequate metrics set for large-scale software systems that can comprehensively measure the complexity at various levels is still challengeable. First, we summarize universal properties and implicit limitations of recognized object-oriented metric sets in the face of ever-increasing complexities of modern software systems. Large-scale software systems represent an important class of artificial complex networks. Then, from the perspective of software engineering, the main parameters of complex networks are introduced in detail. Furthermore, we integrate these metrics and parameters into a hierarchical complexity metrics set, which can measure the complexity at different levels of a large-scale software system. Eventually, we prove the feasibility of our metrics set through analyzing the data from a software project.
The End-to-End Argument and Application Design: The Role of Trust

The end-to-end argument was first put forward in the early 1980s as a core design principle of the Internet. The argument, as framed then, remains relevant and powerful: the fundamental architecture of the Internet endures, despite change in both underlying technologies and in applications. Nevertheless, the evolution of the Internet also shows the limits of foresight, and we now see that the Internet, the applications that run on top of the Internet, and the interpretation of the end-to-end argument itself have all greatly evolved.This paper concerns the evolution in thinking around the end-to-end argument, the design principles for modern Internet applications, and what the end-to-end argument has to do with application structure. We argue that while the literal reading of the early end-to-end argument does not directly offer guidance about the design of distributed applications and network services, there is a useful interpretation of the end-to-end argument that both informs the thinking about application design, and gives as well a perspective on the end-to-end argument in general that is valid in today’s world.
Interleukin 2 activation of natural killer cells rapidly induces the expression and phosphorylation of the Leu-23 activation antigen

IL-2 potentiates both growth and cytotoxic function of T lymphocytes and NK cells. Resting peripheral blood NK cells can respond directly to rIL-2, without requirement for accessory cells or cofactors, and enhanced cytotoxicity can be measured within a few hours after exposure to this lymphokine. In this study, we describe an activation antigen, Leu-23, that is rapidly induced and phosphorylated after IL-2 stimulation of NK cells and a subset of low buoyant density T lymphocytes. Previously, it has been uncertain whether all NK cells or only a subset are responsive to IL-2. Since within 18 h after exposure to IL-2, essentially all NK cells express Leu-23, these findings indicate that all peripheral blood NK cells are responsive to stimulation by IL-2. The Leu-23 antigen is a disulfide-bonded homodimer, composed of 24-kD protein subunits with two N-linked oligosaccharides. Appearance of this glycoprotein on NK cells is IL-2 dependent and closely parallels IL-2-induced cytotoxicity against NK- resistant solid tumor cell targets.
Simulation of three phase three leg Ac/Ac converter using Svpwm with six pulses

This paper presents the implementation of a novel three phase three leg AC/AC converter on an arbitrary load. Since the number of switches required in this converter is only nine which is much less than that of the number of switches required in three phase matrix converter, the gate drivers used in this converter is reduced drastically which in turn reduces the cost and losses of the system by more than thirty percent. Apart from those only six pulses is required to drive the circuit with the help of space vector modulation (SVPWM) which is used to control the input current and hence unity power factor is maintained. The duty cycle calculation for the input current control is also shown. Simulation results show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed technique.
Autoconceito (autoeficácia), psicopatologia e qualidade de vida dos doentes alcoólicos em tratamento

In this investigation we tried to analyze the importance of training self-efficiency (independent variable) for the treatment of alcohol dependency, seen in maintenance treatment and modification / improvement of the quality of life, this last one being the ultimate goal of the intervention and measure their effectiveness (dependent variable). In this sense, we interviewed 146 alcohol addicts being treated in AUC, 90 (61.6%) of whom abandoned treatment after the inpatient phase, 35 (24%) after the 1st consultation and 21 (14.4%) were kept under treatment. This is still a problem with gender, and most individuals are men constituting 87% of the sample. Ages are between 23 and 68 years, with a median value of 44.7 (SD = 9, 127). To assess the study variables were used: the English version of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) (Canavarro, 1999) to assess the psychopathological symptoms; the Portuguese version of the Clinical Inventory of the Self-concept (ICAC) (Vaz Serra, 1985), to assess aspects and the Portuguese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life, brief version (WHOQOL-Bref) “is intended to evaluate the quality of life, as defined by the WHO: the individual perception of their position in life, within the context of culture and value systems in which it is inserted and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns “(Canavarro, Simoes, Vaz Serra Pereira, Rijo, Pint, Gameiro, Walls & Ride, 2007, p.77).
Ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filters with improved upper-stopband performance

A novel ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter with improved upper-stopband performance is presented and constituted by integrating an initial UWB filter with two lowpass filters at its two sides. Firstly, a multiple-mode resonator is formed with first three resonant frequencies located within the 3.1-10.6 GHz UWB band while its two-side high-impedance sections are excited by two interdigital coupled lines with enhanced coupling degree, leading to make up an initial UWB filter. Secondly, two 3rd- or 5th-order lowpass filters are designed with their cut-off frequency slightly higher than 10.6 GHz (upper-end), aiming at suppressing the spurious upper-passband near the interested UWB passband. Finally, a resultant UWB bandpass filter is optimized, fabricated and measured to give us an evident confirmation on the improved upper-stopband performance.
Symbiotic soil microorganisms as players in aboveground plant-herbivore interactions - the role of rhizobia.

Rhizobia play a key role for performance of leguminous plants and ecosystem productivity. However, no studies to date have investigated the importance of the rhizobial symbiosis for legumeherbivore interactions. The additional nitrogen provided by the rhizobia improves the nutritional quality of plants, but may also be used for the synthesis of defence compounds. We performed greenhouse experiments with nodulating and non-nodulating, as well as cyanogenic and acyanogenic strains of Trifolium repens to study the effects of rhizobia Rhizobium leguminosarum on plant growth and the performance of the chewing herbivore Spodoptera littoralis and the phloem-sucking aphid Myzus persicae. We demonstrate that for nodulating strains of T. repens rhizobia increased plant growth and the performance of Spodoptera littoralis. However, this positive effect of rhizobia on the caterpillars did not occur in a cyanogenic clover strain. Reproduction of the phloem-sucking aphid Myzus persicae was inconsistently affected by rhizobia. Our study provides evidence that the additional nitrogen provided by the rhizobia may be used for the production of nitrogen-based defence compounds, thereby counteracting positive effects on the performance of chewing herbivores. The symbiosis with rhizobia is therefore an important driver of legumeherbivore interactions.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LEARNED HELPLESSNESS AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN RIVERS STATE

The study examined psychological factors associated with learned Helplessness among adolescents in Rivers State of Nigeria. Ex-post factor design was used for the work. Sample size of 200 adolescents were utilized for the study; a thirty item questionnaire was developed by the researchers and it had a reliability coefficient of 0.98. Four research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation. The study found out that psychological factors such as depression, locus of control and self concept are associated with learned helplessness among adolescents. Based on the findings teachers and other significant others should always observe their children's feelings and behaviours that not part of them so as to dictate early signs of depression and low self concepts. Schools should employ qualified guidance counselors who will educate the adolescent on maintaining and sustaining adaptive behaviours.
BALLISTOCARDIOGRAM DIAGNOSIS USING NEURAL NETWORKS AND SHIFT-INVARIANT DAUBECHIES WAVELET TRANSFORM

One of critical problem causing death of humankind is heart disease. To help Medical doctors to find patient heart conditions and monitoring their body’s signals, several electronic devices have been developed over several decades. Among different methods used for these purposes, Ballistocardiography (BCG) has an interesting measurement feature that no electrodes are needed to be attached to the body during recording. Therefore, it is provides a strong potential possibility to evaluate the patients heart condition in the home, car, or his office. In this research, we used Shift Invariant Daubechies wavelet transform to extract essential BCG features and Artificial Neural Networks to classify them. The results show that our method using wavelet transform and neural network classifier has a reliable and high performance, no sensitive to BCG waveform latency as well as non-linear disturbance. Moreover, the wavelet transform requires no prior knowledge of the statistical distribution of data samples and the computation complexity and training time are reduced.
Options for integrating eID and SAML

Several European countries currently introduce highly sophisticated eID functionality in their national identity cards. This functionality typically has no direct relation to web security standards, but will be integrated with web technologies to enable browser-based access to critical resources. The research challenge to combine eID protocols and web standards like TLS in a secure way proves extremely challenging: The security of many of the proposed systems boils down to HTTP session cookies and TLS server certificates. Therefore, the overall security is not improved and does not justify the additional costs. In this paper, we investigate this security challenge for the German national identity card and its eID functionality. We show that the solution currently standardized by the German government does not offer any additional security, by giving an in-depth analysis of the complete software system. We discuss several possible paths to an enhanced solution based on TLS channel bindings. Finally, we describe a system setup based on the SAML Holder-of-Key Web Browser Profile, which also mitigates interoperability problems.
La gestión del capital humano como activo intangible en las fusiones y adquisiciones

A pesar de que no se le suele prestar la atencion debida, el capital humano es uno de los factores mas importantes en el exito de las fusiones y adquisiciones. Una de las dificutades mas importantes en un proceo de fusion de empresas es integrar el equipo directivo y personal de las empresas participantes.
Novel Blend Membranes Based on Acid-Base Interactions for Fuel Cells

Fuel cells hold great promise for wide applications in portable, residential, and large-scale power supplies. For low temperature fuel cells, such as the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) are a key component determining the fuel cells performance. PEMs with high proton conductivity under anhydrous conditions can allow PEMFCs to be operated above 100 °C, enabling use of hydrogen fuels with high-CO contents and improving the electrocatalytic activity. PEMs with high proton conductivity and low methanol crossover are critical for lowering catalyst loadings at the cathode and improving the performance and long-term stability of DMFCs. This review provides a summary of a number of novel acid-base blend membranes consisting of an acidic polymer and a basic compound containing N-heterocycle groups, which are promising for PEMFCs and DMFCs.
Constraints on jet X-ray emission in low/hard-state X-ray binaries

We show that the similarities between the X-ray properties of low-luminosity accreting black holes and accreting neutron stars, combined with the differences in their radio properties, argue that the X-rays from these systems are unlikely to be formed in the relativistic jets. Specifically, the spectra of extreme island-state neutron stars and low/hard-state black holes are known to be quite similar, while the power spectra from these systems are known to show only minor differences beyond what would be expected from scaling the characteristic variability frequencies by the mass of the compact object. The spectral and temporal similarities thus imply a common emission mechanism that has only minor deviations from having all key parameters scaling linearly with the mass of the compact object, while we show that this is inconsistent with the observations that the radio powers of neutron stars are typically about 30 times lower than those of black holes at the same X-ray luminosity. We also show that an abrupt luminosity change would be expected when a system makes a spectral state transition from a radiatively inefficient jet-dominated accretion flow to a thin disc-dominated flow, but that such a change is not seen. Ke yw ords: accretion, accretion discs ‐ black hole physics ‐ radiation mechanisms: nonthermal ‐ stars: neutron ‐ radio continuum: stars ‐ X-rays: binaries.
Performance of Combined Double Seasonal Univariate Time Series Models for Forecasting Water Demand

In this article, we examine the daily water demand forecasting performance of double seasonal univariate time series models (Holt-Winters, ARIMA and GARCH) based on multi-step ahead forecast mean squared errors. A within-week seasonal cycle and a within-year seasonal cycle are accommodated in the various model specifications to capture both seasonalities. We investigate whether combining forecasts from different methods for different origins and horizons could improve forecast accuracy. The analysis is made with daily data for water consumption in Granada, Spain.
Face recognition systems based on independent component analysis and support vector machine

This paper presents an approach for face recognition system based on independent component analysis (ICA) and support vector machine(SVM). The ICA is a feature extraction technique for isolating a multivariate signal into additive subcomponents by considering that the hidden components are non-Gaussian signals. It has been mainly used on the problem of blind signal separation, while support vector machine is a very effective tool to classify the objects/faces into the right category. In this paper, a face recognition system was proposed based on these two techniques. Experiments were carried out on ORL, Yale and YaleB face databases. Simulation results reveal that the proposed system using ICA and SVM can achieve a higher recognition rate with the increasing number of face features. The results also show that the SVM using radial basis functions yields a better performance.
On projective rectification

We present a novel algorithm performing projective rectification which does not require explicit computation of the epipolar geometry and specifically of the fundamental matrix. Instead of finding the epipoles and computing two homographies mapping the epipoles to infinity, as done in previous work on projective rectification, we exploit the fact that the fundamental matrix of a pair of rectified images has a particular known form. This allows us to set up a minimization that yields the rectifying homographies directly from image correspondences. Experimental results show that our method works quite robustly even in the presence of noise, and can cope with inaccurate point correspondences.
Robust controller design and experiment for electric load simulator

According to the operating principle of the electric load simulator, the mathematic model of its actuating mechanism is built. Then, combining with the load gradient, the H-infinity controller based on the mixed sensitivity method is designed and synthesized by selecting the appropriate joint stiffness and weight functions. Last, the simulation and experiment results show that the controller can not only make the steady-state error of the closed loop system less than 0.5%, but also make the error of amplitude less than 10% and the lag of phase less than 10 degree when the system is stimulated by 10Hz sine signal.
Generating Paired Transliterated-cognates Using Multiple Pronunciation Characteristics from Web corpora

A novel approach to automatically extracting paired transliterated-cognates from Web corpora is proposed in this paper. One of the most important issues addressed is that of taking multiple pronunciation characteristics into account. Terms from various languages may pronounce very differently. Incorporating the knowledge of word origin may improve the pronunciation accuracy of terms. The accuracy of generated phonetic information has an important impact on term transliteration and hence transliterated-term extraction. Transliterated-term extraction is a fundamental task in natural language processing to extract paired transliterated-terms in studying term transliteration. An experiment on transliterate d-term extraction from two kinds of Web resources, Web pages and anchored texts, has been conducted and evaluated. The experimental results show that many transliterated-term pairs, which cannot be extracted using the approach only exploiting English pronunciation characteristics, have been successfully extracted using the proposed approach in this paper. By taking multiple language-specific pronunciation transformations into account may further improve the output of the transliterated-term extraction.
A PUBLIC DOMAIN DECODER FOR LARGE VOCABULARY CONVERSATIONAL SPEECH RECOGNITION

The high cost of the infrastructure required to conduct state-of-the-art speech recognition research prevents many small research groups from evaluating new ideas on large-scale tasks. To overcome this barrier, we are developing an Internet-based speechto-text (STT) toolkit. In this paper, we present the core component of this system: a decoder that uses a one-pass time-synchronous Viterbi-based search algorithm called trace projection. This decoder can support efficient lattice rescoring using cross-word triphones, lexical trees and n-gram grammars. The decoder performance in terms of CPU and memory usage is on par with commercial systems of its kind. Preliminary evaluations on the SWITCHBOARD (SWB) corpus have yielded a word error rate of 39%.