Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial risk factors associated with social anxiety, depressive and disordered eating symptoms during COVID-19

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted society and negatively impacted mental health. Various psychosocial risk factors have been exacerbated during the pandemic, leading to the worsening of psychological distress. Specifically, a need for structure, loneliness, concerns about body image and social media use are risk factors previously implicated in poor mental health. The current study examines how these risk factors are associated with mental health outcomes (i.e., social anxiety, depressive and disordered eating symptoms) during the COVID-19 pandemic (January–March 2021). A total of 239 participants were recruited (average age = 24.74, 79% female, 68% White). The results revealed that a need for structure, loneliness and social media use were positively associated with social anxiety. In addition, loneliness, negative concerns about body image and social media use were significantly related to disordered eating and depressive symptoms. Lastly, when examined all together, the overall model for risk factors predicting mental health outcomes was significant: Wilks' Λ = 0.464, F(12, 608.814) = 17.081, p < 0.001. Loneliness and social media use were consistently associated with all psychological symptoms. These results emphasize the need for interventions for social anxiety, depressive and disordered eating symptoms that encourage structured daily activities, social connection, positive perception of oneself and mindful social media use.
Hybrid Capacitive and Inductive Coupling Paths for Implementing Quasi-Elliptical High-Order Bandpass FSS With High Out-of-Band Suppression

This work proposes a novel filter circuit model to design the high-order bandpass frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) with quasi-elliptical filtering response and high out-of-band suppression. First, the improved filter circuit, consisting of three lumped parameter resonators and stepped impedance, is established by integrating capacitive and inductive coupling second-order circuits. Second, the odd- and even-mode analysis method demonstrates that the filter circuit can excite four transmission poles (TPs). Since the hybrid coupling paths can produce other series resonance, the filter circuit can exhibit four transmission zeros (TZs) in the out-of-band approaching the existing TPs, resulting in a quasi-elliptic filtering response and high out-of-band suppression. Third, two dual-polarized FSSs based on the corresponding circuit models have been designed using a compact hexagonal composite structure. The final simulated FSS can provide a broad −1 dB passband within 10.9–12.5 GHz (13.7%), the out-of-band suppressions at the lower and upper sides of −26.9 and −36 dB, respectively, and an excellent roll-off rate in dual sidebands. Finally, one FSS prototype is fabricated and experimentally characterized for further confirmation. Experimental results agree with simulated ones, indicating the device exhibits significant features, for example, the wideband transmission, excellent out-of-band suppression, and quasi-elliptic filtering response that remains stable at incident angles ranging from 0° to 60°.
Image fusion based on improved HIS and curvelet transform integrated method

This paper presents a novel method for image fusion that integrates improved HIS and curvelet transform, and uses it to fuse the IKONOS images. Firstly, red band is added to panchromatic band with weights to obtain a new panchromatic band, and blue, green and near-infrared bands are stacked to form the RGB space, which is used for converting to HIS space later. Secondly, the new panchromatic band and intensity component carry on curvelet transform respectively. Then fuse the coefficients in the corresponding scales to generate a new intensity component. Finally, the inverse HIS transform is applied to generate the fusion image. To prove the superiority of this method, this paper uses several parameters to assess the image comparing with other fusion images. The results show that the proposed method can increase the information entropy, decrease the spectrum distortion of the fused image, and improve the structural similarity between the fused image and the original multispectral image. So all above prove that the integrated method can enhance the fusion quality efficiently.
Optical design and implementation of a variable-pitch dot matrix writer

The fundamental thinking and the optical implementation of an innovative dot matrix writer that can generate image grating pixels of arbitrary grating pitch and grating orientations on a photoresist plate is presented. In this newly developed system, the incident laser beam is split by a beamsplitter to become two incident laser beams. The two coherent light beams are then focused onto a photoresist plate by an especially designed focusing lens. The grating pitch of the grating pixel formed on the photoresist plate can be varied on-the-fly by translating a set of stages to change the distance of the two coherent light beams before impinging on the focusing lens. Moving a lens on the incident light path to change the convergent angle of the incident light beams can change the spot size of this system. As the grating pixels generated by this dot matrix writer are able to have spot sizes, grating orientation, and grating pitch completely specified by the designer, the image effect by this type of dot matrix writer can exert a pre-specified color at each specific viewing angle. Diffractive images with various visual effects and applications that can be created by using this newly invented system are examined.
Normal Inverse Gaussian Distributions and Stochastic Volatility Modelling

The normal inverse Gaussian distribution is defined as a variance‐mean mixture of a normal distribution with the inverse Gaussian as the mixing distribution. The distribution determines an homogeneous Lévy process, and this process is representable through subordination of Brownian motion by the inverse Gaussian process. The canonical, Lévy type, decomposition of the process is determined. As a preparation for developments in the latter part of the paper the connection of the normal inverse Gaussian distribution to the classes of generalized hyperbolic and inverse Gaussian distributions is briefly reviewed. Then a discussion is begun of the potential of the normal inverse Gaussian distribution and Lévy process for modelling and analysing statistical data, with particular reference to extensive sets of observations from turbulence and from finance. These areas of application imply a need for extending the inverse Gaussian Lévy process so as to accommodate certain, frequently observed, temporal dependence structures. Some extensions, of the stochastic volatility type, are constructed via an observation‐driven approach to state space modelling. At the end of the paper generalizations to multivariate settings are indicated.
GINGA and EXOSAT observations of the Perseus cluster of galaxies

Observations of the Perseus cluster of galaxies made using the Ginga and EXOSAT satellites are presented. The results from Ginga indicate that the region around the centrally dominant galaxy NGC 1275 is well described by a model incorporating emission from an isothermal, diffuse plasma of temperature ∼6.3 keV, metal abundance ∼0.4 solar, a cooling flow with a mass deposition rate ∼270 M ⊙ /Yr and photoelectric absorption from a galactic column density of 1.3 × 10 21 atom cm −2 . This value is also consistent with the EXOSAT observations. The metal abundance is constrained to within 5 per cent making this the most precise determination of the metallicity of a cluster to date
Scattering from conductors coated with materials of arbitrary thickness

Electromagnetic scattering from axisymmetric conducting bodies coated with thin materials of arbitrary thickness is considered and numerical results are obtained. The formulation presented for the coated conductor problem is based on existing E-PMCHW formulations for coated objects. This formulation is valid both for thick coatings and as the coating thickness approaches zero. Other existing surface integral equation implementations have been observed to fail for thin coatings. Two simple modifications are suggested for existing numerical codes to make them applicable for thin coatings. Several numerical examples are presented. The numerical solution is verified by comparison with the exact solution for a coated sphere. >
Therapeutic effect of psilocybin in addiction: A systematic review

Background Psychedelic-assisted therapy [e.g., with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)] has shown promising results as treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). Previous systematic reviews assessing the efficacy of psilocybin in SUDs only included clinical trials conducted in the last 25 years, but they may have missed clinical trials assessing the efficacy of psilocybin that were conducted before the 1980s, given much research has been done with psychedelics in the mid-20th century. In this systematic review, we specifically assessed the efficacy of psilocybin in patients with a SUD or non-substance-related disorder with no publication date restrictions in our search strategy. Methods A systematic literature search was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines from the earliest published manuscript up to September 2, 2022, in seven electronic databases, including clinical trials in patients with a SUD or non-substance-related disorder evaluating the efficacy of psilocybin. Results A total of four studies (six articles, of which two articles were long-term follow-up results from the same trial) were included in this systematic review. Psilocybin-assisted therapy was administered to n = 151 patients in a dose ranging from 6 to 40 mg. Three studies focused on alcohol use disorder, and one study on tobacco use disorder. In a pilot study (n = 10), the percentage of heavy drinking days decreased significantly between baseline and weeks 5–12 (mean difference of 26.0, 95% CI = 8.7–43.2, p = 0.008). In another single-arm study (n = 31), 32% (10/31) became completely abstinent from alcohol (mean duration of follow-up 6 years). In a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized controlled trial (RCT, n = 95), the percentage of heavy drinking days during the 32-week double-blind period was significantly lower for psilocybin compared to placebo (mean difference of 13.9, 95% CI = 3.0–24.7, p = 0.01). In a pilot study (n = 15), the 7-day point prevalence of smoking abstinence at 26 weeks was 80% (12/15), and at 52 weeks 67% (10/15). Conclusion Only one RCT and three small clinical trials were identified assessing the efficacy of psilocybin combined with some form of psychotherapy in patients with alcohol and tobacco use disorder. All four clinical trials indicated a beneficial effect of psilocybin-assisted therapy on SUD symptoms. Larger RCTs in patients with SUDs need to evaluate whether psilocybin-assisted therapy is effective in patients with SUD.
PPARGC1A gene polymorphism and its association with obesity-related metabolic traits in Serbian adolescent population

PPARGC1A is involved in many metabolic processes including normal mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidation of glucose and lipids and transport of glucose into skeletal muscles. Previous researches linked this polymorphism with the higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of Gly482Ser with body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose levels and lipid profile in Serbian adolescents. The study included 147 boys and 150 girls, 15 years of age. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were recorded. Cardiovascular and malignant diseases, type 2 diabetes, cerebral palsy and genetics syndrome were criteria for exclusion. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay. The results showed that boys carriers of GG genotype had statistically higher mean values of TC compared to the boys who were carriers of GA+AA genotypes (p=0.033). However, statistical significance was not obtained for the other analyzed parameters. Furthermore, in the group of overweight and obese children, higher mean values of TC and LDL-C were observed in the carriers of GG genotype compared to carriers of GA+AA genotype for all the adolescents, as well as in the group of girls. No correlation was observed for values of BMI, fasting blood glucose and levels of triglycerides. To confirm these results, further research with larger sample size and non-genetics factor taking into consideration, would be of great interest.
Skill-Based Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Target Visual Navigation

Target visual navigation aims at controlling the agent to find a target object based on a monocular visual RGB image in each step. It is crucial for the agent to adapt to new environments. As target visual navigation is a complex task, understanding the behavior of the agent is beneficial for analyzing the reasons for failure. This work focuses on improving the readability and success rate of navigation policies. In this paper, we propose a framework named Skill-based Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (SHRL) for target visual navigation. SHRL contains a high-level policy and three low-level skills. The high-level policy accomplishes the task by utilizing or stopping low-level skills at each step. Low-level skills are designed to separately solve three sub-tasks, i.e., Search, Adjustment, and Exploration. In addition, we propose an Abstract Representation and two penalty items to feed robust features to the high-level policy. Abstract Representation is designed to focus on selecting low-level skills rather than the details of navigation. Experimental results in the artificial environment AI2-Thor indicate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art by a large margin in unseen indoor environments. Moreover, we also provide case studies to illustrate the advantages of SHRL.
Effects of Organic Fertilizer Application on Tomato Yield and Quality: A Meta-Analysis

Tomatoes are a globally cultivated and popular vegetable. The output and quality of tomatoes are significantly influenced by the use of organic fertilizers. It was discovered that organic fertilizers increase tomato productivity and improve fruit quality. The influence of organic fertilizers on tomato yield and quality is shown to be complex and dependent on soil organic matter, total soil nitrogen, organic fertilizers kinds, and other variables. In this review paper, we evaluated 769 data sets from 107 research papers and determined that organic fertilizers can enhance the tomato yield by 42.18%. Compared to the control group, soluble solids, soluble sugar, lycopene, vitamin C, and nitrate were raised by 11.86%, 42.18%, 23.95%, 18.97%, and 8.36%, respectively. In general, the soil organic matter >20 g·kg−1 and organic fertilizers significantly improved the tomato sugar/acid content ratio and VC, whereas under total soil nitrogen >1 g·kg−1, organic fertilizers had significant differences in tomato soluble solids, soluble sugar, lycopene, and vitamin C, with different organic-fertilizer types having different effects on tomato quality. When comparing animal and plant organic fertilizers to other forms of organic fertilizers, we observed that tomato quality varied significantly. We also evaluated the impact of different cultivation methods, soil organic matter, total soil nitrogen, soil pH, and types of organic fertilizers on the tomato yield and quality. The results gave valuable information and direction for the use of organic fertilizers in greenhouse production.
Error Calibration for Crosstalk of SQUIDs in Full Tensor Magnetic Gradiometer Based on Moore–Penrose Inverse and Helmholtz Coil

In order to calibrate crosstalk error between superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometers in a multichannel SQUID system, we propose an innovative error calibration method for crosstalk of SQUID magnetometers based on the Moore–Penrose inverse method and Helmholtz coil in this article and successfully apply it to an eight-channel SQUID magnetometers based full tensor magnetic gradiometer (FTMG). We first analyze the causes of crosstalk through working principle of the SQUID readout circuit and build the crosstalk error model of the eight-channel FTMG. Then, we introduce the solution method of 56 crosstalk coefficients based on the Moore–Penrose inverse method and the construction method of matrix needed for solution based on Helmholtz coil. The effect of nonuniformity of Helmholtz coil on the calibration of crosstalk is analyzed and calculated. The effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by repetitive simulation and comparative experiments. Compared with the traditional direct measurement method, this method has the advantage of high efficiency, and the more the channels of SQUID, the more obvious is the superiority.
An RGB-D camera-based indoor occupancy positioning system for complex and densely populated scenarios

The dynamic changes in occupants’ presence, movements and other behaviours could affect the actual operation and energy consumption of buildings. The design and operation of buildings can be adjusted to be more energy efficient by thinking over the actual distribution of occupants and application scenarios. Nevertheless, accurate, nonintrusive and applicable occupancy positioning systems, especially for complex and densely populated scenarios, have not yet been established. Herein, we propose a novel indoor positioning system based on a red green blue-depth (RGB-D) camera (CIOPS-RGBD). This system utilizes multiple RGB-D cameras to capture colour and depth images from different views. A data fusion algorithm is developed according to the result from a human pose estimation method. Then, the proposed CIOPS-RGBD system was setup and verified within a multifunction room for steady and dynamic accuracy estimation. The accuracy was verified within 10 cm in most cases. Finally, the system was tested under different application scenarios with more than 25 occupants in an 86 m2 space. The results demonstrate that the system can provide high-quality occupancy positioning and body orientation information for these scenarios in almost real-time, providing a solid basis to improve the actual operation and design of indoor environment creation systems.
Efficacy, Safety, and Reliability of the Single Anterior Approach for Subaxial Cervical Spine Dislocation

Background Though there is ongoing controversy regarding the best treatment option for cervical spine dislocation (CSD), anterior cervical surgery with direct decompression is becoming widely accepted. However, managing all cases of subaxial CSD entirely by a single anterior approach is rarely seen in the published literature. Methods The study comprised patients with subaxial CSD who underwent surgical stabilization utilizing a single anterior approach. Most of the CSD was reduced and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) were performed. Anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) were done in unreduced dislocations. The patient's neurological condition, radiological findings, and functional outcomes were assessed. SPSS version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was used for statistical analysis. Results The total number of operated cases was 64, with an average of 42 months of follow-up. The mean age was 34.50±11.92 years. The most prevalent level of injury was C5/C6 (57.7%). Reduction was achieved in 92.2% of cases; only 7.8% of patients needed corpectomy. The typical operative time was 84.25±9.55 minutes, with an average blood loss of 112.12±25.27 ml. All cases except complete spinal cord injury (CSI) were improved neurologically (87.63%). The mean Neck Disability Index (NDI) was 11.14±11.43, and the pre-operative mean visual analog score (VAS) was finally improved to 2.05±0.98 (P<0.05). In all cases, fusion was achieved. The most common complication was transient dysphagia (23.4%). After surgery, no patient developed or aggravated a neurological impairment. Implant failure was not observed at the final follow-up except for two cases where screws were pulled out partially. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, a single anterior approach is a safe and effective procedure for subaxial CSD treatment with favorable radiological, neurological, and functional outcomes.
Density-gravity covariance functions produced by overlapping rectangular blocks of constant density

SUMMARY A set of N rectangular blocks of unit density form the basis of a linear vector space. This space will be a Hilbert space with reproducing kernel, when equipped with the L2 norm (and inner product). The kernel, K(P, Q), will be the product sum of the (maximally N) orthonormalized base functions evaluated at two points P, Q, in space. Multiplied by an appropriate scaling constant, this function will be a covariance function for a random density (anomaly) function. Using covariance propagation, auto- and cross-covariance functions for and with quantities related to the (anomalous) gravity field created by the random density function may be computed. When blocks of varying volume are used, the density variance will vary within the structure described by the blocks. For disjoint blocks, the variance is inversely proportional to the volume. The use of overlapping blocks generally creates correlations between density values in different blocks, a possibility which does not exist when using disjoint blocks. Computational examples are presented which show that it is possible to create realistic covariance models for the gravity anomaly, and that the cross-correlation between surface gravity and surface density may obtain values in the interval from 0.4 to 0.7. These values are more realistic than values obtained in earlier studies using quasi-harmonic density models.
Displaced vertices from $R$ -parity violation and baryogenesis

The LHC has placed stringent limits on superpartner masses, in conflict with naturalness. R-parity violation is one of the few scenarios that allows reduction of these limits and is thus worth significant exploration at the LHC. We demonstrate that if the R-parity violating operator UDD is used, we generically expect all SUSY events at the LHC to have displaced vertices. If a squark is the LSP, it will have a short displaced vertex. If any other particle is the LSP, the displaced vertex is naturally expected to be quite long, possibly even outside the detectors. These scenarios are already constrained by existing searches for missing energy. This arises because this operator efficiently washes-out the baryon asymmetry in the early universe, unless the squarks are heavy and the coupling is small. Avoiding displaced vertices is possible, but requires baryogenesis below the weak scale. Thus, for example, the use of sphalerons in baryogenesis does not avoid the requirement of displaced vertices. This motivates searching for hadronic displaced vertices at the LHC with decay lengths anywhere from tens of microns to meters.