Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute effects of microcystins exposure on the transcription of antioxidant enzyme genes in three organs (liver, kidney, and testis) of male Wistar rats

Microcystins (MCs) induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various tissues in mammals, whereas the endogenous antioxidant enzymes are responsible to scavenge the ROS. ROS can modulate the antioxidant enzyme activities by regulating the mRNA levels. The present study was undertaken to find out the relationship between the transcriptional alterations of antioxidant enzymes and MCs stimulation in rats. The time‐dependent changes of relative transcription abundance of catalase (CAT), Mn‐superoxide dismutase (Mn‐SOD), Cu,Zn‐superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn‐SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and gamma‐glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ‐GCS) were investigated in three organs (liver, kidney, and testis) of male Wistar rats injected intravenously (i.v.) with 80 μg MC‐LRequivalent/kg body weight using the quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) method. We found that MCs could affect the transcriptional activities of these antioxidant enzymes in liver, kidney, and testis of MCs‐treated rats and we speculated the possible causation of the transcriptional change. The altered transcription of antioxidant enzymes may play an important role in counteracting the potential deleterious effects of elevated oxidative stress induced by MCs, and this will provide us new insights into the possible role of antioxidant enzymes in the toxicological mechanisms of MCs at molecular level. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:361–367, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20347
Perspectives on: Local calcium signaling: Natural inequalities: why some L-type Ca2+ channels work harder than others

Introduction Voltage-gated L-type Ca channels are expressed in the surface membrane of neurons and muscle cells (Catterall, 2000). There, they regulate multiple processes including excitability, contraction, gene expression, and memory storage. L-type Ca channels are heteromeric complexes comprising a pore-forming 1 subunit and accessory , 2, and  subunits. The specific set of poreforming and accessory subunits that form functional L-type Ca channels varies between cell types. Of the four 1 subunits identified to date (Cav1.1–4), Cav1.2 is the principal pore-forming 1 subunit isoform expressed in neurons and atrial, ventricular, and smooth muscle. However, the specific set of accessory subunits (2, , and ) that associate with Cav1.2 varies in neurons and cardiac and smooth muscle. The biophysical properties of L-type Cav1.2 channels have been extensively examined using electrophysiological approaches (for review see Catterall, 2000). These studies have revealed that Cav1.2 channels are activated by membrane depolarization to potentials >45 mV, undergo voltageand Ca-dependent inactivation, and are sensitive to dihydropyridines. Despite these advances, examination of the spatial organization of functional L-type Ca channels in neurons and muscle has been elusive. The reason for that is that conventional patch clamp techniques have limitations in providing information about the spatial organization of functional channels. For example, in the whole cell configuration, the activity of specific ionic channels is averaged over the entire surface membrane, providing limited information on possible regional variations in channel function. Recording single-channel activity solves the spatial-averaging issue, but only partially because the experimenter can sample only a small portion of the cell surface membrane in each trial. In a typical smooth muscle cell with a surface area of ≈1,000 μm, a 1–3-μm cell-attached patch would record currents from only 0.1–0.3% of the entire sarcolemma per trial.
Peer feedback in second language writing (2005–2014)

This article reviews research on peer feedback in second language (L2) writing published in the last decade (i.e. 2005–2014). We analyse first the theoretical underpinnings that have informed both peer feedback research and the pedagogical use of peer feedback in L2 writing instruction. We also provide a critical interpretation of existing peer feedback research and discuss seven important themes emerging from the literature, that is, (1) effectiveness of peer feedback compared with teacher and self-feedback; (2) benefits of peer feedback for feedback-givers; (3) computer-mediated peer feedback; (4) peer feedback training; (5) student stances and motives; (6) peer interaction and group dynamics; and (7) cultural issues in peer feedback. Next, we examine the contextual and methodological issues in peer feedback research and then conclude the article with implications for future research.
Glycemic Variability

Diabetes is characterized by glycemic disorders that include both sustained chronic hyperglycemia and acute glucose fluctuations. There is now cogent evidence for the deleterious effects of sustained chronic hyperglycemia that results in excessive protein glycation and generation of oxidative stress. The role of glucose variability from peaks to nadirs is less documented, but there are many reasons to think that both upward (postprandial) and downward (interprandial) acute fluctuations of glucose around a mean value activate the oxidative stress. As a consequence, it is strongly suggested that a global antidiabetic strategy should be aimed at reducing to a minimum the different components of dysglycemia (i.e., A1C, fasting and postprandial glucose, as well as glucose variability). All the therapeutic agents that act on postprandial glucose excursions seem of particular interest for reducing the latter parameter (i.e., the glucose instability). Particular attention should be paid to such emerging therapeutic agents as the glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists and the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV inhibitors that act through the incretin pathway.
The Early Postwar Institutionalization of War Memories in Japanese Educational Policies

In the 1980s and 90s the Japanese political establishment (mainly the Liberal Democratic Party and the Ministry of Education (文部省 – Mombushô)) have been criticized for their lack of acknowledgement of Japanese aggression and atrocities committed in the course of World War II throughout Asia. Although characteristics of the LDP leadership or the Mombushô bureaucracy are commonly used to explain the one-sidedness of portrayals of the war, such accounts neglect some of the institutional history of war memories in
Recovery-Oriented Computing : Main Techniques of Building Multitier Dependability

Frequent freezes and crashes on current systems bring tremendously heavy loads to the system administration, directly resulting in an undesirable increase on the total cost of ownership (TCO). Obviously, it is time to broaden the long lasting performance-dominated research focus, which has neglected other aspects of computing such as dependability, availability and stability. Deeming that software bugs, hardware faults and operator errors are facts to be coped with, not problems to be solved, Recovery Oriented Computing (ROC) concentrates on building systems that recover fast when a fault does occur, instead of aiming for systems that never fail. To reach high dependability in the Internet service environment, ROC implements two building blocks for recovery, microreboot and system-level undo, which have proven effective in handling failures. A suitable benchmarking method is developed to quantify the impact of these effects on the system dependability.
HEALTH INSURANCE AND LABOR SUPPLY: A DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF JOB MOBILITY

This paper attempts to provide additional evidence that married males who hold employerprovided health insurance (EPHI) are not locked into their jobs. Most of the previous literature on job-lock nds reductions in the mobility of these workers of between 20 and 40%. We introduce two new strategies for generating unbiased estimates of job-lock. First, a feature unique to the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth in relation to the data sources used in previous papers is the availability of information on whether EPHI is o ered by the respondent's current employer, as well as whether such insurance is held by a respondent. The o er of insurance should not hinder mobility; job-lock becomes an issue only if insurance is accepted. We also include other variables that capture the reduced-mobility e ects of \good jobs" characteristics. Secondly, in order to avoid bias associated with the correlation between insurance and individual speci c turnover propensity, we make use of the longitudinal NLSY data and a discrete factor random e ects procedure to model the permanent unobserved heterogeneity of individuals. Our results provide an estimate of job-lock unbiased through correlation with individual speci c turnover propensity. We nd no evidence of job-lock among married males, but produce estimates of job-lock among unmarried males of between 5 and 17%. * Comments are welcome. The corresponding author can be reached by phone at (919) 966-5372 or by email at donna gilleskie@unc.edu.
The generation of shared cryptographic keys through channel impulse response estimation at 60 GHz.

Methods to generate private keys based on wireless channel characteristics have been proposed as an alternative to standard key-management schemes. In this work, we discuss past work in the field and offer a generalized scheme for the generation of private keys using uncorrelated channels in multiple domains. Proposed cognitive enhancements measure channel characteristics, to dynamically change transmission and reception parameters as well as estimate private key randomness and expiration times. Finally, results are presented on the implementation of a system for the generation of private keys for cryptographic communications using channel impulse-response estimation at 60 GHz. The testbed is composed of commercial millimeter-wave VubIQ transceivers, laboratory equipment, and software implemented in MATLAB. Novel cognitive enhancements are demonstrated, using channel estimation to dynamically change system parameters and estimate cryptographic key strength. We show for a complex channel that secret key generation can be accomplished on the order of 100 kb/s.
Genetic Insight into Yield-Associated Traits of Wheat Grown in Multiple Rain-Fed Environments

Background Grain yield is a key economic driver of successful wheat production. Due to its complex nature, little is known regarding its genetic control. The goal of this study was to identify important quantitative trait loci (QTL) directly and indirectly affecting grain yield using doubled haploid lines derived from a cross between Hanxuan 10 and Lumai 14. Methodology/Principal Findings Ten yield-associated traits, including yield per plant (YP), number of spikes per plant (NSP), number of grains per spike (NGS), one-thousand grain weight (TGW), total number of spikelets per spike (TNSS), number of sterile spikelets per spike (NSSS), proportion of fertile spikelets per spike (PFSS), spike length (SL), density of spikelets per spike (DSS) and plant height (PH), were assessed across 14 (for YP) to 23 (for TGW) year × location × water regime environments in China. Then, the genetic effects were partitioned into additive main effects (a), epistatic main effects (aa) and their environment interaction effects (ae and aae) by using composite interval mapping in a mixed linear model. Conclusions/Significance Twelve (YP) to 33 (PH) QTLs were identified on all 21 chromosomes except 6D. QTLs were more frequently observed on chromosomes 1B, 2B, 2D, 5A and 6B, and were concentrated in a few regions on individual chromosomes, exemplified by three striking yield-related QTL clusters on chromosomes 2B, 1B and 4B that explained the correlations between YP and other traits. The additive main-effect QTLs contributed more phenotypic variation than the epistasis and environmental interaction. Consistent with agronomic analyses, a group of progeny derived by selecting TGW and NGS, with higher grain yield, had an increased frequency of QTL for high YP, NGS, TGW, TNSS, PFSS, SL, PH and fewer NSSS, when compared to low yielding progeny. This indicated that it is feasible by marker-assisted selection to facilitate wheat production.
Robin Heat Semigroup and HWI Inequality on Manifolds with Boundary

Let $M$ be a complete connected Riemannian manifold with boundary $\pp M$, $Q$ a bounded continuous function on $\pp M$, and $L= \DD+Z$ for a $C^1$-vector field $Z$ on $M$. By using the reflecting diffusion process generated by $L$ and its local time on the boundary, a probabilistic formula is presented for the semigroup generated by $L$ on $M$ with Robin boundary condition $N,\nn f+Qf=0,$ where $N$ is the inward unit normal vector field of $\pp M$. As an application, the HWI inequality is established on manifolds with (nonconvex) boundary. In order to study this semigroup, Hsu's gradient estimate and the corresponding Bismut's derivative formula are established on a class of noncompact manifolds with boundary.
The sequential likelihood ratio test VSMM algorithm for maneuvering target tracking

The interacting multiple model state estimation approach is widely utilized for maneuvering target tracking. The IMM algorithm has a fixed model set structure which leads a dilemma that more models improve the accuracy but the use of too many models is as bad as that of too few models, and increases the computing burden. This paper presents a variable structure multiple model algorithm based on the sequential likelihood ratio test (SLRT-VSMM) that leads to a systematic treatment of model-set adaption. The new approach can increase the accuracy as well as decrease the computing burden by using the most likely model set at each time. The simulation of tracking an anti-ship missile shows the improvement of the system performance when we use the SLRT-VSMM approach.
Antidepressants and cardiovascular adverse events: A narrative review

BACKGROUND Major depression or deterioration of previous mood disorders is a common adverse consequence of coronary heart disease, heart failure, and cardiac revascularization procedures. Therefore, treatment of depression is expected to result in improvement of mood condition in these patients. Despite demonstrated effects of anti-depressive treatment in heart disease patients, the use of some antidepressants have shown to be associated with some adverse cardiac and non-cardiac events. In this narrative review, the authors aimed to first assess the findings of published studies on beneficial and also harmful effects of different types of antidepressants used in patients with heart diseases. Finally, a new categorization for selecting antidepressants according to their cardiovascular effects was described. METHODS Using PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Index Copernicus, CINAHL, and Cochrane Database, we identified studies designed to evaluate the effects of depression and also using antidepressants on cardiovascular outcome. A 40 studies were finally assessed systematically. Among those eligible studies, 14 were cohort or historical cohort studies, 15 were randomized clinical trial, 4 were retrospective were case-control studies, 3 were meta-analyses and 2 animal studies, and 2 case studies. RESULTS According to the current review, we recommend to divide antidepressants into three categories based on the severity of cardiovascular adverse consequences including (1) the safest drugs including those drugs with cardio-protective effects on ventricular function, as well as cardiac conductive system including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, (2) neutralized drugs with no evidenced effects on cardiovascular system including serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and (3) harmful drugs with adverse effects on cardiac function, hemodynamic stability, and heart rate variability including tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors, and noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants. CONCLUSION The presented categorization of antidepressants can be clinically helpful to have the best selection for antidepressants to minimizing their cardiovascular harmful effects.
Evaluation of Encryption Algorithms for Privacy Preserving Association Rules Mining

Encryption algorithms used in privacy preserving protocols can be affected on overall performance. In this paper we study several encryption algorithms with two methods of privacy preserving association rule mining on distributed horizontal database (PPARM4, and PPARM3). The first method PPARM4 computes association rules that hold globally while limiting the information shared about each site in order to increase the efficiency. The second method PPARM3 is a modification for PPARM4 based on a semi-honest model with negligible collision probability. Common encryption algorithms for the two methods of privacy preserving association rule mining on distributed horizontal database selected based on performance metric. So a performance comparison among five of the most common encryption algorithms: RSA, DES, 3DES, AES and Blowfish with the two privacy methods are presented. The comparison has been conducted by running several encryption settings with the two methods of privacy preserving association rule mining on distributed horizontal database. Simulation has been conducted using Java. Results show that, PPARM3 gives better performance with all encryption algorithms implemented. Also PPARM3 with encryption algorithm DES gives best result with different database sizes. Based on the results we can tune the suitable encryption algorithm from our implementations to the required overall performance.
IJESRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNA Analysis of Security Issues In Reactive Routing Protocols

user experience, next generation solutions, cloud -hoc network is an emerging area of mobile computing . I e unique characteristics. But these features result s in -to-peer network architecture, shared -hoc networks throw up new various network attacks. Trusted Third Party adds the problem of deploying t he required security mechanisms. Finally, mobile devices do have limited power consumption and computation capabilities . This limitation makes it susceptible to some attacks and incapable in executing algorithms. F igure 1: An Ad hoc Network We can safely conclude that the mobile ad hoc network is not secure as nodes are free to join, leave and mov e inside the network. So it is quite possible that fe w nodes may be compromised by the adversary and thus perfor ms malicious activities which are difficult The Dynamic Source Routing protocol (DSR) is a simp le and efficient routing protocol designed specificall y for -9655 Technology[340-344] 5
Network functional composition: State of the art

Network Functional Composition is an approach for a flexible Internet architecture which decomposes the layered network stack in functional building blocks which can be loosely coupled. Functional Composition therefore enables a customized composition of functionality at the edges and in the network in respect to application specific requirements. Functional Composition is an architecture for a Future Internet which provides solutions for many of the challenges that have been identified in the Future Internet debate. Several early and current projects have addressed Functional Composition with different aspects, which have been reviewed here as part of a state-of-the-art analysis. This review shall give an overview about the different projects and categorizes the different approaches.
A Bayesian Approach for RF-Based Indoor Localisation

The proliferation of Wireless LAN and Wireless Sensor Network make the technologies become an attractive proposition for indoor localisation. Both technologies have provided communication infrastructure and hence RF-based localisation with WLAN and WSN becomes a software-only solution. WLAN-based localisation generally provides room accuracy, therefore sensor data fusion with WSN is proposed when better location accuracy is needed. This paper will describe a Bayesian approach for indoor localisation. A suboptimal sequential Bayesian method of Particle Filter combined with Map Filtering technique is used for sensor data fusion between WLAN and WSN. The location system performance also will be evaluated.
In search of perceptual influences of sentence context on word recognition.

A major issue in the study of word perception concerns the nature (perceptual or nonperceptual) of sentence context effects. The authors compared effects of legal, word replacement, nonword replacement, and transposed contexts on target word performance using the Reicher-Wheeler task to suppress nonperceptual influences of contextual and lexical constraint. Experiment 1 showed superior target word performance for legal (e.g., "it began to flap/flop") over all other contexts and for transposed over word replacement and nonword replacement contexts. Experiment 2 replicated these findings with higher constraint contexts (e.g., "the cellar is dark/dank") and Experiment 3 showed that strong constraint contexts improved performance for congruent (e.g., "born to be wild") but not incongruent (e.g., mild) target words. These findings support the view that the very perception of words can be enhanced when words are presented in legal sentence contexts.
M ay 1 99 6 Melvin-Morton conjecture and primitive Feynman diagrams

We give a very short proof of the Melvin-Morton conjecture relating the colored Jones polynomial and the Alexander polynomial of knots. The proof is based on explicit evaluation of the corresponding weight systems on primitive elements of the Hopf algebra of chord diagrams which, in turn, follows from simple identities between four-valent tensors on the Lie algebra sl2 and the Lie superalgebra gl(1|1). This shows that the miraculous connection between the Jones and Alexander invariants follows from the similarity (supersymmetry) between sl2 and gl(1|1).
Accurately Measuring Denial of Service in Simulation and Testbed Experiments

Researchers in the denial-of-service (DoS) field lack accurate, quantitative, and versatile metrics to measure service denial in simulation and testbed experiments. Without such metrics, it is impossible to measure severity of various attacks, quantify success of proposed defenses, and compare their performance. Existing DoS metrics equate service denial with slow communication, low throughput, high resource utilization, and high loss rate. These metrics are not versatile because they fail to monitor all traffic parameters that signal service degradation. They are not quantitative because they fail to specify exact ranges of parameter values that correspond to good or poor service quality. Finally, they are not accurate since they were not proven to correspond to human perception of service denial. We propose several DoS impact metrics that measure the quality of service experienced by users during an attack. Our metrics are quantitative: they map QoS requirements for several applications into measurable traffic parameters with acceptable, scientifically determined thresholds. They are versatile: they apply to a wide range of attack scenarios, which we demonstrate via testbed experiments and simulations. We also prove metrics' accuracy through testing with human users.