Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New method of modeling the actuation dynamics of a miniature hingeless helicopter using gyroscopic moments

For years, the puzzling cross-coupled responses between the control axes on the hingeless helicopters have long been haunting researchers. Different from previous works that underestimated the gyroscopic moments as a minor off-axis cross-coupling and misinterpreted the precession phenomena on the rotors of the hingeless helicopters as a phase-lag which is physically meaningless, this paper proposes a new method to relate both on-axis and off-axis responses by the influential gyroscopic moments through the actuation mechanism of the hingeless helicopters. Therefore, by this new method the debatable cross-coupling due to actuation dynamics can be directly and analytically quantified. This method is based on the fact that when the angular momentum of the spinning rotor is disturbed by the incremental lift along the main blades due to the varying cyclic pitch angle controlled by the servo mechanisms, the off-axis moments are induced to counteract the changes of the angular momentum according to the principle of gyroscope, and hence these gyroscopic moments directly exhibit the on-axis responses. This new method yields a parametric framework to examine the previously unexplained cross-coupled responses on the hingeless helicopters, and it shows that in hingeless helicopters except the aerodynamics the intricate nonlinearities are also attributed to their unintuitive actuation mechanisms. Finally, simulations as well as experiments have been carried out to validate the proposed modeling method.
Sequence-specific thermal fluctuations identify start sites for DNA transcription

We report successful comparisons between model predictions for intrinsic thermal openings and experimental transcription data, showing that large and slow thermally induced openings (bubbles) of double-stranded DNA coincide with the location of start sites for transcription. Investigating viral and bacteriophage DNA gene promoter segments, we find that the largest opening occurs at the transcription start site in all cases studied. Other probable large openings predicted in our model appear to be related to other regulatory sites. The coherent dynamics is determined by a combination of sequence specificity (disorder), nonlinearity, and entropy, controlled by the long-range consequences of local base-pair stacking constraints.
Hyperplane Dynamics as a Means to Understanding BackPropagation Learning and Network Plasticity

The processing performed by a feed-forward neural network is oft en int erpreted through use of decision hyperplanes at each layer. T he adaptation process, however, is normally explained using the picture of gradient descent of an error land scape. In thi s paper t he dynamics of t he decision hyperplanes is used as t he model of the adaptat ion process. An electro-mechanical analogy is drawn where t he dynamics of hyperplanes is determined by interaction forces between hyperplanes and the particles that represent t he patterns. Relaxati on of the system is determined by increasing hyperplane inerti a (mass). This picture is used to clar ify the dynamics of learning, and goes some way toward explaining learning deadlocks and escaping from certain local minima. Furthermore, network plast icity is introduced as a dynamic property of the system, and reduction of plasticity as a necessary consequence of informat ion storage . Hyperplane inertia is used to explain and avoid destructive relearning in t rained networks.
Effects of Acetylcholine on Automaticity and Conduction in the Proximal Portion of the His‐Purkinje Specialized Conduction System of the Dog

Conventional intracellular recordings from the bundle of His and right bundle branch of the canine heart demonstrated that the slope of diastolic depolarization is markedly depressed by superfusion with relatively small concentrations (4−8 μg/ml) of acetylcholine. As the cells become less automatic, take-off potential increases, rise time of phase 0 is reduced, action potential amplitude increases, and conduction proceeds more rapidly.
Optimization of Actuator Forces in Cable-Based Parallel Manipulators Using Convex Analysis

In cable-driven parallel manipulators (CPMs), cables can perform only under tension, and therefore, redundant actuation, which can be provided by redundant limbs, is needed to maintain the cable tensions. By optimizing the distribution of the forces in the cables and the redundant limbs, the average size of actuators can be reduced resulting in lower cost. Optimizing the force distribution in CPMs requires consideration for the inequality constraints imposed on the cable forces as a result of the unilateral driving property of the cables. In this study, a projection method is presented to calculate optimum solutions for the actuators force distribution in CPMs. Two solutions are presented: 1) a minimum-norm solution that minimizes the 2-norm of all forces in the cables and redundant limbs and 2) a solution that minimizes the 2-norm of the forces in the cables only. The optimization problem is formulated as a projection on an intersection of convex sets and the Dykstra's projection method is used to obtain the solutions. This method is successfully applied to a 3-DOF CPM.
Results-based budgeting and performance management in the United Nations system

In 1997, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan launched a comprehensive reform initiative aimed at transforming the Organization into a more effective, modernized and relevant instrument in the service of the international community. In the management area, he proposed shifting from programme budgeting to results-based budgeting (RBB). This was a significant shift in budgeting techniques in the United Nations.
Seven reasons to brake leg swing just before heel strike

When walking (at moderate or fast speeds) or running, humans apply a burst hip torque to start leg swing and then again, at the end of the swing phase, to brake and reverse motion of their swing leg prior to heel-strike. The resulting rearward rotation of the swing leg, so called swingleg retraction, is also observed in animal gaits. Why is this retraction a common feature of many walking and running animals? Previous studies have shown that swing leg retraction aids the robustness of walking three ways:
Conjugacy in normal subgroups of hyperbolic groups

Abstract. Let N be a finitely generated normal subgroup of a Gromov hyperbolic group . We establish criteria for N to have solvable conjugacy problem and be conjugacy separable in terms of the corresponding properties of . We show that the hyperbolic group from F. Haglund's and D. Wise's version of Rips's construction is hereditarily conjugacy separable. We then use this construction to produce first examples of finitely generated and finitely presented conjugacy separable groups that contain non-(conjugacy separable) subgroups of finite index.
Employing User Profiles for Regression Testing of GUIs

Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) prevail in today’s software. Like any other part of an application, a GUI can house faults; hence GUIs need to be tested during and after development and re-tested after modifications. Current regression testing techniques select a subset of a GUI’s state space to re-test. A weakness of these techniques is that the regression test suite may not adequately test parts of the state space that users of an application frequently encounter; hence these techniques may miss failures that users may encounter. This paper presents a new technique to capture GUI user profiles with very little overhead, employ the profiles to populate a probabilistic state machine model of the GUI, and generate test cases from this model. User profiles may be collected from fielded (previous) versions of an application. An empirical study on one large application shows that test cases generated from the new model successfully reveal faults that an event coverage-adequate test suite does not.
Netdb: Ip Network Configuration Debugger/database

— The operation of IP routers is determined by their configuration files. Currently configuration files of routers in the Internet are mainly changed via a command line interfaces. This creates the potential for many inconsistencies within a single router configuration file as well as across router configuration files. NETDB extracts relevant information from such router configuration files into its internal data model and then performs consistency checks and policy checks against its internal database. In addition NETDB allows browsing and searching of the network configuration data.
Psychophysiological indicators of the impact of media quality on users

The number of networked multimedia applications is increasing, therefore users' quality requirements need to be clearly specified. At present, subjective assessment is used to do this, however it has drawbacks when used in isolation. Therefore, this research approach is utilising physiological indicators of stress to measure the impact of media quality on users - this is defined as user cost. Four studies using this technique have shown that physiological responses to audio and video degradations can be detected and that they do not always correlate with subjective results. Subsequently, a three-tier approach to multimedia quality evaluation is proposed, which incorporates task performance, user satisfaction and user cost.
The Effects of Prospective Reimbursement Programs on Hospital Adoption and Service Sharing

A previous article in this journal (Coelen and Sullivan, 1981) reported new evidence that many State hospital prospective reimbursement (PR) programs have been successful in reducing hospital cost inflation. Limiting proliferation of redundant technologies and community services may be one method of reducing this cost inflation. Data compiled from a sample of over 2,500 hospitals in 15 rate-setting and other States between 1969 and 1978 were used to determine PR's effect on both service adoption and sharing. Evidence indicates a consistent, retarding effect on all services for New York, the country's oldest, most stringent program. Several other States, notably Minnesota, Maryland, New Jersey, Washington, and Wisconsin showed retarding effects on costly rapidly diffusing services such as open heart surgery, intensive care units (ICUs), and social work, as well as accelerating the phasing-out of redundant services, such as the premature nursery. We found no consistent, significant effects on service sharing.
Visual Keyword Visual Keyword Visual Keyword Visual Keyword Based Image Retrieval Based Image Retrieval Based Image Retrieval Based Image Retrieval

This paper proposes the visual keywords to represent the visual appearance, such as color and texture, of regions in images without precisely image segmentation. Based on the proposed visual keywords , a multi-modal image query and retrieval (MIQR) approach is presented to retrieve desired images from image databases by using textual annotations associated with images and/or the proposed visual keyword . In addition, the Generalized Probabilistic Decision-Based Neural Networks is adopted to model the visual keywords . The experiments were performed on a subset of the COREL image gallery and the images gathered from Internet. A comparison with current leading approaches is made. The experimental results show that the MIQR approach can retrieve relevant images closely associated with users' query regions or objects, and has the capability of searching and retrieving relevant images from a large collection of images.
The SQL Function XMLNEST to Generate Recursive XML Values from Relational Data

SQL standard provides SQL/XML publishing functions to publish the result of an SQL query as XML values but it does not provide any SQL/XML publishing function that can publish the result of a recursive SQL query as recursively structured XML values. Therefore, to publish transitively connected relational tuples as recursively structured XML values with the use of appropriate SQL/XML publishing functions, we have to write a nested SQL query. Writing that query, however, is not easy provided that the depth of the connections is deep even if we know the depth of them and is not possible once the depth of the connections is not known in advance. To solve the problem, we propose a new SQL function XMLNEST that can publish the result of a recursive SQL query as recursively structured XML values. Both the recursive structure and the order of sibling XML elements of the XML values can be specified in the invocation of XMLNEST. Our experiments show that the proposed scheme will be the unique reasonable solution to the problem.
An Integrated Software Architecture for Bandwidth Adaptive Video Streaming

— Video streaming over lossy IP networks is very important issues, due to the heterogeneous structure of networks. Infrastructure of the Internet exhibits variable bandwidths, delays, congestions and time-varying packet losses. Because of variable attributes of the Internet, video streaming applications should not only have a good end-to-end transport performance but also have a robust rate control, furthermore multipath rate allocation mechanism. So for providing the video streaming service quality, some other components such as Bandwidth Estimation and Adaptive Rate Controller should be taken into consideration. This paper gives an overview of video streaming concept and bandwidth estimation tools and then introduces special architectures for bandwidth adaptive video streaming. A bandwidth estimation algorithm – pathChirp, Optimized Rate Controllers and Multipath Rate Allocation Algorithm are considered as all-in-one solution for video streaming problem. This solution is directed and optimized by a decision center which is designed for obtaining the maximum quality at the receiving side.
Integrated Analyses of Canada's Water Resources: A System Dynamics Approach

An integrated water resources management model for Canada, CanadaWater, has been developed using the system dynamics simulation approach. The CanadaWater model takes into consideration dynamic interactions between quantitative characteristics of the available water resources and water use that are determined by the socio-economic development level, population and physiographic features of Canadas territory. It is a unique tool that integrates the water quantity and quality sectors with seven sectors that drive economic development: population; agricultural development; food production; capital investment; energy generation; use of non-renewable resources; and persistent pollution. The CanadaWater model is a system dynamics simulation model that provides for investigation of different scenarios. Model simulations are performed for 12 scenarios designed to investigate policy options in the area of fresh water availability, wastewater treatment, economic growth, population growth, energy generation and food production. The conclusions point to a very strong dependence of Canadas future development and well being on maintaining acceptable quality of the water resources and controlling the level of water use in different sectors.
A Further Examination of the Determinants of Job Satisfaction in Programmer/Analysts

In the past, research examining the determinants of job satisfaction in programmer/analysts has focused on the relationship between characteristics of the job itself such as skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback from the job and job satisfaction. This paper extends the previous research by examining the effects on job satisfaction of certain aspects of programmer/analysts' relationships with co-workers, project leaders, and users. Specifically, the paper examines the relationship between job satisfaction and role conflict and role ambiguity, and quality of leadership provided by supervisors and peers. A questionnaire measuring job characteristics, role conflict and ambiguity, leadership characteristics, and job satisfaction was administered to 25 programmer/analysts at an insurance company. The results indicate that both role and leadership variables correlated more highly with job satisfaction than job characteristics. The implications of these results for both information systems managers and researchers are discussed.
Sustained performance by red and white muscle fibres from the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula

SUMMARY The mechanical performance of red and white muscle fibres from dogfish was compared during a long series of contractions with sinusoidal movement or under isometric conditions at 12°C (normal in vivo temperature). Power output was measured during sinusoidal movement at 0.75 Hz and peak-to-peak amplitude about 12% L0. Tetanus duty cycle was 33% (0.44 s) at phase −8% (first stimulus at 0.107 s before shortening started). Initially, the red fibres produced only about one third as much power as the white fibres, 6.57±0.63 W kg−1 wet mass (mean ± s.e.m.) and 18.3±2.3, respectively. Red fibres were better at sustaining power output; it declined rapidly to about 60% of its initial value and then remained relatively steady for up to 450 cycles of movement. Force during shortening declined, but force during stretch did not increase: force always relaxed to a low value before stretch started. By contrast, net power output by white fibres declined rapidly to zero within about 50 cycles. Two changes contributed: decline in force during shortening and an increase in force during stretch because relaxation became progressively less complete during the series of contractions. In isometric series (0.44 s stimulation every 1.33 s, cycle frequency 0.75 Hz), red and white fibres sustained peak isometric force similarly; in the 50th cycle force was 59±3% and 56±4% of initial values. The time required for force to relax to 10% of its maximum value decreased during the series for red fibres and increased for white fibres.
Flexible support for multiple access control policies

Although several access control policies can be devised for controlling access to information, all existing authorization models, and the corresponding enforcement mechanisms, are based on a specific policy (usually the closed policy). As a consequence, although different policy choices are possible in theory, in practice only a specific policy can actually be applied within a given system. In this paper, we present a unified framework that can enforce multiple access control policies within a single system. The framework is based on a language through which users can specify security policies to be enforced on specific accesses. The language allows the specification of both positive and negative authorizations and incorporates notions of authorization derivation, conflict resolution, and decision strategies. Different strategies may be applied to different users, groups, objects, or roles, based on the needs of the security policy. The overall result is a flexible and powerful, yet simple, framework that can easily capture many of the traditional access control policies as well as protection requirements that exist in real-world applications, but are seldom supported by existing systems. The major advantage of our approach is that it can be used to specify different access control policies that can all coexist in the same system and be enforced by the same security server.
Mossy fiber Zn2+ spillover modulates heterosynaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activity in hippocampal CA3 circuits

Although Zn2+ is contained in large amounts in the synaptic terminals of hippocampal mossy fibers (MFs), its physiological role in synaptic transmission is poorly understood. By using the newly developed high-sensitivity Zn2+ indicator ZnAF-2, the spatiotemporal dynamics of Zn2+ was monitored in rat hippocampal slices. When high-frequency stimulation was delivered to the MFs, the concentration of extracellular Zn2+ was immediately elevated in the stratum lucidum, followed by a mild increase in the stratum radiatum adjacent to the stratum lucidum, but not in the distal area of stratum radiatum. The Zn2+ increase was insensitive to a non–N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist but was efficiently attenuated by tetrodotoxin or Ca2+-free medium, suggesting that Zn2+ is released by MF synaptic terminals in an activity-dependent manner, and thereafter diffuses extracellularly into the neighboring stratum radiatum. Electrophysiological analyses revealed that NMDA receptor–mediated synaptic responses in CA3 proximal stratum radiatum were inhibited in the immediate aftermath of MF activation and that this inhibition was no longer observed in the presence of a Zn2+-chelating agent. Thus, Zn2+ serves as a spatiotemporal mediator in imprinting the history of MF activity in contiguous hippocampal networks. We predict herein a novel form of metaplasticity, i.e., an experience-dependent non-Hebbian modulation of synaptic plasticity.
Intravenous Paracetamol for Postoperative Analgesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Background Although opioids are the main choice for acute postoperative pain control, many side effects have been reported for them. NSAIDs and paracetamol have been used extensively as alternatives, and it seems that they are more effective for minor to moderate pain control postoperatively when have been used alone or in combination with opioids. As laparoscopic cholecystectomy poses moderate pain postoperatively, this study was planned to assess whether paracetamol is able to provide effective analgesia as a sole analgesic at least in the first few hours post operatively. Objectives We evaluated the effect of intravenous Paracetamol on postoperative pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients and Methods This is a randomized double- blind clinical trial study. 30 patients ASA class I, aged 18 to 50 years, candidate for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were recruited, and randomly divided into two equal groups. Group A (paracetamol group) received 1 gr paracetamol and group B received placebo ten minutes after the induction of anesthesia. 0.1 mg/Kg Morphine was administered intravenously based on patients compliant and pain score >3. Pain score and the opioids consumption were recorded in the first six hours postoperative. Patient's pain was measured by the VAS (Visual Analog Scale). Results The pain score was lower in group A (P= 0.01), but the morphine consumption showed no significant difference between the groups (P= 0.24) during the first 6 hours postoperatively. Conclusions Although paracetamol (1gr) has caused a better pain relief quality but it is not a suitable analgesic for moderate pain control in acute phase after surgery alone.
A New Method Based on Bilateral-Filtering for Illumination Invariant Face Recognition

As the angle and intensity of light may change in practical cases, it is difficult to measure the illumination of an image. Taking into account the characteristics of the image illumination conditions, we propose a new method based on bilateral-filtering algorithm to enhance the illumination invariant from the face image, then estimate the compensation image by dividing the original image, and finally normalize the image by the well-known Retinex method. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated based on the Yale face database B by using PCA. Experimental results indicate that our algorithm can reach high recognition rates especially when the number of training samples is small, and the computing time is less. We believe that the proposed method can be practically applied to real time face recognition system.