Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sunscreen Purchase Intention amongst Young Moroccan Adults

Employing structural equation modeling and an extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB) incorporating the additional influence of price perception as a conceptual framework, this paper explored the determinants of sunscreen purchase intention for young Moroccan adults. Consistent with the TPB, results confirmed the importance of subjective norms, attitude and perceived control in shaping sunscreen purchase intention. However, contrary to assumptions price was not found to be a significant factor in sunscreen purchase intention. Results of this study support the application of the TPB in the sunscreen purchase context and highlight the importance of using its constructs over price in the development of effective marketing campaigns.
Scheduling Decision-Making Using Web Service

In this paper we make a contribution for scheduling problems solving through the web, by using web service. The XML-based modeling and communication is applied to the production scheduling activity. Therefore, scheduling concepts, like manufacturing problems and solving methods, including corresponding inputs and outputs are modeled using XML. This kind of data modeling is used for building our web-based scheduling decision support system, which works as a web service under the XML-RPC protocol. This protocol is used for invoking the implemented methods, for solving problems defined by the user, which are local or remotely available through the Internet. New methods can be continuously incorporated in the system’s distributed repository in an easy and interactive way.
Inflammatory Mediator Profiles Differ in Sepsis Patients With and Without Bacteremia

Systemic levels of cytokines are altered during infection and sepsis. This prospective observational study aimed to investigate whether plasma levels of multiple inflammatory mediators differed between sepsis patients with and those without bacteremia during the initial phase of hospitalization. A total of 80 sepsis patients with proven bacterial infection and no immunosuppression were included in the study. Plasma samples were collected within 24 h of hospitalization, and Luminex® analysis was performed on 35 mediators: 16 cytokines, six growth factors, four adhesion molecules, and nine matrix metalloproteases (MMPs)/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Forty-two patients (52.5%) and 38 (47.5%) patients showed positive and negative blood cultures, respectively. There were significant differences in plasma levels of six soluble mediators between the two “bacteremia” and “non-bacteremia” groups, using Mann–Whitney U test (p < 0.0014): tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), CCL4, E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and TIMP-1. Ten soluble mediators also significantly differed in plasma levels between the two groups, with p-values ranging between 0.05 and 0.0014: interleukin (IL)-1ra, IL-10, CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL11, hepatocyte growth factor, MMP-8, TIMP-2, and TIMP-4. VCAM-1 showed the most robust results using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Using unsupervised hierarchical clustering, we found that TNFα, CCL4, E-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and TIMP-1 could be used to discriminate between patients with and those without bacteremia. Patients with bacteremia were mainly clustered in two separate groups (two upper clusters, 41/42, 98%), with higher levels of the mediators. One (2%) patient with bacteremia was clustered in the lower cluster, which compromised most of the patients without bacteremia (23/38, 61%) (χ2 test, p < 0.0001). Our study showed that analysis of the plasma inflammatory mediator profile could represent a potential strategy for early identification of patients with bacteremia.
Fabrication and characterization of TiO2/poly(dimethyl siloxane) composite fibers with thermal and mechanical stability

The mechanical stability of titania (TiO2) nanofibers was improved by fabricating TiO2/poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) composite fibers using a combination of hybrid electrospinning and sol-gel methods, followed by heat treatment at 250°C for 3 h. The compositions (90/10, 80/20, and 70/30, w/w) of the TiO2/PDMS composite fibers were varied by adjusting the flow rate of the PDMS sol with the flow rate of TiO2 sol fixed. There was no significant change in morphology and average diameter of the as-spun TiO2/PDMS fibers after heat treatment. Both the tensile strength and modulus of the TiO2/PDMS composite fibers increased gradually with increasing PDMS content up to 30 wt %. In addition, from the photo-degradation reaction of methylene blue, the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/PDMS composite fibers was strongly dependent on the TiO2 content (%) in the composite fibers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Genes and regulators involved in bacterial cell differentiation

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Computer simulation study of apatite mineral surfaces and interfaces with silicates

We have derived a potential model for fluorapatite Ca10(PO4)6F2, fitted to structure, elastic constants and vibrational frequencies of the phosphate groups, which is compatible with existing calcite and fluorite potential models. We then modelled the structure and stabilities of the dry and hydrated {0 0 0 1}, {1 0 1 0}, {1 0 1 1}, {1 1 2 0}, {1 0 1 3} and {1 1 2 1} surfaces, which calculations confirmed the experimental dominance of the {0 0 0 1} surface, which is prominently expressed in the calculated thermodynamic morphologies. The dehydrated morphology further shows the experimental {1 1 2 1} twinning plane, while the {1 0 1 0} cleavage plane is expressed in the hydrated morphology. Molecular adsorption of water has a stabilising effect on all six surfaces, where the surfaces generally show Langmuir behaviour and the calculated hydration energies indicate physisorption (73 88 kJ mol−1). The chains of fluoride ions surrounded by hexagonal calcium channels can become distorted in two major ways during relaxation: either by a shortening/lengthening of the FF distances, when the channel is perpendicular to the surface, or by distortion of the CaF bonds when the channel is parallel to the surface. Both distortions occur when the channel runs at an angle to the surface. Other relaxations include compression of the calcium sub-lattice and rotation of surface phosphate groups. We have modelled adsorption of a range of organic molecules onto different fluorapatite surfaces, due to the importance of organic/ inorganic interactions in biological situations. We have selected organic molecules that represent a model for the carboxylic acids, alkyl hydroxamates and those
The Calm Mouse: An Animal Model of Stress Reduction

Chronic stress is associated with negative health outcomes and is linked with neuroendocrine changes, deleterious effects on innate and adaptive immunity, and central nervous system neuropathology. Although stress management is commonly advocated clinically, there is insufficient mechanistic understanding of how decreasing stress affects disease pathogenesis. Therefore, we have developed a “calm mouse model” with caging enhancements designed to reduce murine stress. Male BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: control (Cntl), standard caging; calm (Calm), large caging to reduce animal density, a cardboard nest box for shelter, paper nesting material to promote innate nesting behavior, and a polycarbonate tube to mimic tunneling; control exercise (Cntl Ex), standard caging with a running wheel, known to reduce stress; and calm exercise (Calm Ex), calm caging with a running wheel. Calm, Cntl Ex and Calm Ex animals exhibited significantly less corticosterone production than Cntl animals. We also observed changes in spleen mass, and in vitro splenocyte studies demonstrated that Calm Ex animals had innate and adaptive immune responses that were more sensitive to acute handling stress than those in Cntl. Calm animals gained greater body mass than Cntl, although they had similar food intake, and we also observed changes in body composition, using magnetic resonance imaging. Together, our results suggest that the Calm mouse model represents a promising approach to studying the biological effects of stress reduction in the context of health and in conjunction with existing disease models.
Whole Genome Deep Sequencing of HIV-1 Reveals the Impact of Early Minor Variants Upon Immune Recognition During Acute Infection

Deep sequencing technologies have the potential to transform the study of highly variable viral pathogens by providing a rapid and cost-effective approach to sensitively characterize rapidly evolving viral quasispecies. Here, we report on a high-throughput whole HIV-1 genome deep sequencing platform that combines 454 pyrosequencing with novel assembly and variant detection algorithms. In one subject we combined these genetic data with detailed immunological analyses to comprehensively evaluate viral evolution and immune escape during the acute phase of HIV-1 infection. The majority of early, low frequency mutations represented viral adaptation to host CD8+ T cell responses, evidence of strong immune selection pressure occurring during the early decline from peak viremia. CD8+ T cell responses capable of recognizing these low frequency escape variants coincided with the selection and evolution of more effective secondary HLA-anchor escape mutations. Frequent, and in some cases rapid, reversion of transmitted mutations was also observed across the viral genome. When located within restricted CD8 epitopes these low frequency reverting mutations were sufficient to prime de novo responses to these epitopes, again illustrating the capacity of the immune response to recognize and respond to low frequency variants. More importantly, rapid viral escape from the most immunodominant CD8+ T cell responses coincided with plateauing of the initial viral load decline in this subject, suggestive of a potential link between maintenance of effective, dominant CD8 responses and the degree of early viremia reduction. We conclude that the early control of HIV-1 replication by immunodominant CD8+ T cell responses may be substantially influenced by rapid, low frequency viral adaptations not detected by conventional sequencing approaches, which warrants further investigation. These data support the critical need for vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell responses to target more highly constrained regions of the virus in order to ensure the maintenance of immunodominant CD8 responses and the sustained decline of early viremia.
UV to far-IR reflectance spectra of carbonaceous chondrites – I. Implications for remote characterization of dark primitive asteroids targeted by sample-return missions

We analyse here a wide sample of carbonaceous chondrites from historic falls (e.g. Allende, Cold Bokkeveld, Kainsaz, Leoville, Murchison, Murray, Orgueil and Tagish Lake) and from NASA Antarctic collection. With the analysis of these meteorites we want to get new clues on the role of aqueous alteration in promoting the reflectance spectra diversity evidenced in the most primitive chondrite groups. The selected meteorite specimens are a sample large enough to exemplify how laboratory reflectance spectra of rare groups of carbonaceous chondrites exhibit distinctive features that can be used to remotely characterize the spectra of primitive asteroids. Our spectra cover the full electromagnetic spectrum from 0.2 to 25µ mb y using two spectrometers. First one is an ultraviolet (UV)–near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer that covers the 0.2–2µm window, while the second one is an attenuated total reflectance infrared spectrometer covering the 2–25µm window. In particular, laboratory analyses in the UV–NIR window allow obtaining absolute reflectance by using standardized measurement procedures. We obtained reflectance spectra of specimens belonging to the CI, CM, CV, CR, CO, CK, CH, R and CB groups of carbonaceous chondrites plus some ungrouped ones, and it allows identifying characteristic features and bands for each class, plus getting clues on the influence of parent body aqueous alteration. These laboratory spectra can be compared with the remote spectra of asteroids, but the effects of terrestrial alteration forming (oxy)hydroxides need to be considered.
Crustal deformation along the Altyn Tagh Fault system

We collected GPS data from the southern Tarim basin, the Qaidam basin, and the western Kunlun Shan region between 1993 and 1998 to determine crustal deformation along the Altyn Tagh fault system at the northern margin of the Tibetan plateau. We conclude from these data that the Altyn Tagh is a left-lateral strike slip fault with a current slip rate of ∼9 mm/yr, in sharp contrast with geological estimates of 20-30 mm/yr. This contrast poses an enigma: because the GPS data cover a wider region than the geologic data, they might be expected to reveal somewhat more slip. We also find that the Tarim and Qaidam basins behave as rigid blocks within the uncertainty of our measurements, rotating clockwise at a rate of ∼11 and ∼4.5 nrad/yr, respectively, with respect to the Eurasia plate. The rotation of the Tarim basin causes convergence across the Tian Shan, increasing progressively westward from ∼6 mm/yr at 87°E to ∼18 mm/yr at 77°E. Our data and other GPS data suggest that the Indo-Asia collision is mainly accommodated by crustal shortening along the main Himalayan thrust system (∼53%) and the Tian Shan contractional belt (∼19%). Eastward extrusion of the Tibetan plateau along the Altyn Tagh and Kunlun faults accommodates only ∼23% of the Indo-Asia convergence.
A Cross-Sectional Study Into the Prevalence of Dairy Cattle Lameness and Associated Herd-Level Risk Factors in England and Wales

Lameness is one of the most pressing issues within the dairy industry; it has severe economic implications while causing a serious impact on animal welfare. A study conducted approximately 10 years ago found the within farm lameness prevalence in the UK to be 36.8%. Our objective here is to provide an update on within farm lameness prevalence in the UK, and to provide further evidence on farm level risk factors. A convenience sample of 61 dairy farms were recruited across England and Wales from September 2015 to December 2016. A single farm visit was made and the milking herd was mobility scored, as the cows exited the milking parlor after morning, afternoon, or evening milking. Information regarding the farm and management system was then collected using a short interview with the farmer followed by collection of various subjective and objective measurements of the environment. The same, trained researcher performed all animal and facility-based measures on all visits. A series of univariable analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between various risk factors and herd lameness prevalence (logit transformed). A multivariable linear regression model was then fitted. The median number of milking cows per herd was 193, ranging from 74 to 1,519 cows. The mean within farm lameness prevalence was 31.6%, ranging from 5.8 to 65.4%. In total, 14,700 cows were mobility scored with 4,145 cows found to be lame (28.2%). A number of risk factors were associated with lameness at the univariable analysis level. Categorical risk factors retained in the final model were: resting area type, collecting yard groove spacing width, whether farms were undertaking the 60- to 100-day post calving claw trimming and the frequency of footbathing in the winter. The amount of concentrates fed in the milking parlors or out of parlor feeders was also associated with lameness prevalence. The results of this study have provided an update on the UK herd lameness prevalence and have confirmed the importance of cow comfort and footbathing frequency. The association between early lactation claw trimming and reduced lameness prevalence is, to the best of our knowledge, reported for the first time.
Dopant radial inhomogeneity in Mg-doped GaN nanowires

Using atom probe tomography, it is demonstrated that Mg doping of GaN nanowires grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy results in a marked radial inhomogeneity, namely a higher Mg content in the periphery of the nanowires. This spatial inhomogeneity is attributed to a preferential incorporation of Mg through the m-plane sidewalls of nanowires and is related to the formation of a Mg-rich surface which is stabilized by hydrogen. This is further supported by Raman spectroscopy experiments which give evidence of Mg-H complexes in the doped nanowires. A Mg doping mechanism such as this, specific to nanowires, may lead to higher levels of Mg doping than in layers, boosting the potential interest of nanowires for light emitting diode applications.
Broadband Circularly Polarized H-Shaped Patch Antenna Using Reactive Impedance Surface

A compact, single-feed, broadband circularly polarized patch antenna is proposed in this letter. The antenna comprises an H-shaped microstrip patch printed over a metamaterial-inspired reactive impedance surface (RIS). The RIS structure comprising a lattice of 4 × 4 periodic metallic square patches helps to increase the bandwidth of the antenna. The final optimized structure exhibits an impedance bandwidth of 44.5% (4.64–7.3 GHz) alongwith a 3 dB axial-ratio bandwidth of 27.5% (4.55–6 GHz). Moreover, the proposed antenna yields a good broadside gain of 7.2 dBi at 5.5 GHz. The radiation efficiency of the present structure is better than 77% for the entire band of operation.
Do dictionary users really look up frequent words? - On the overestimation of the value of corpus-based lexicography

Abstract: An innovative online Swahili–English dictionary project is presented. A careful study of some of the log files attached to this reference work reveals some hitherto unknown as-pects of true dictionary look-up behaviour, which results in the depreciation of the importance of corpora for dictionary making. Three lexicography software modules are advanced to further enhance the success of the online dictionary. Keywords: LEXICOGRAPHY, SOFTWARE, ONLINE, DICTIONARY, LOG FILE, CORPUS, FREQUENCY, RANK, CORRELATION, SWAHILI, ENGLISH, TSHWANELEX Samenvatting: Zoeken woordenboekgebruikers werkelijk frequente woor-den op? — Over de overschatting van de waarde van corpusgebaseerde lexi-cografie. Een vernieuwend online Swahili–Engels woordenboekproject wordt voorgesteld. Een minutieuze studie van enkele van de log bestanden gekoppeld aan dit referentiewerk onthult tot dusver onbekende aspecten van het echte opzoekgedrag van woordenboekgebruikers, wat leidt tot een devaluatie van het belang van corpora voor het maken van woordenboeken. Drie lexicogra-fische softwaremodules worden naar voor geschoven om het succes van het online woordenboek verder te vergroten. Sleutelwoorden: LEXICOGRAFIE, SOFTWARE, ONLINE, WOORDENBOEK, LOG BE-STAND, CORPUS, FREQUENTIE, RANG, CORRELATIE, SWAHILI, ENGELS, TSHWANELEX
Deployment of carboxymethyl cellulose sheets to prevent esophageal stricture after full circumferential endoscopic submucosal dissection: A porcine model

Esophageal stricture is a serious adverse event secondary to extensive endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) sheets for the prevention of esophageal stricture after full circumferential ESD in an animal model.
Association between socioeconomic status and altered appearance distress, body image, and quality of life among breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND Breast cancer patients experience a variety of altered appearance--such as loss or disfigurement of breasts, discolored skin, and hair loss--which result in psychological distress that affect their quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the impact of socioeconomic status on the altered appearance distress, body image, and quality of life among Korean breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted at advocacy events held at 16 different hospitals in Korea. Subjects were eligible to participate if they were 18 years of age or older, had a histologically confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer, had no evidence of recurrence or metastasis, and had no psychological problems at the time of the survey. Employment status, marital status, education, and income were assessed for patient socioeconomic status. Altered appearance distress was measured using the NCI's cancer treatment side effects scale; body image and quality of life were measured by the EORTC QLC-C30 and BR23. Means and standard deviations of each outcome were compared by socioeconomic status and multivariate linear regression models for evaluating the association between socioeconomic status and altered appearance distress, body image, and quality of life. RESULTS A total of 126 breast cancer patients participated in the study; the mean age of participants was 47.7 (SD=8.4). Of the total, 83.2% were married, 85.6% received more than high school education, 35.2% were employed, and 41% had more than $3000 in monthly household income. About 46% had mastectomy, and over 30% were receiving either chemotherapy or radiation therapy at the time of the survey. With fully adjusted models, the employed patients had significantly higher altered appearance distress (1.80 vs 1.48; p<0.05) and poorer body image (36.63 vs 51.69; p<0.05) compared to the patients who were unemployed. Higher education (10.58, standard error (SE)=7.63) and family income (12.88, SE=5.08) was positively associated with better body image after adjusting for age, disease stage at diagnosis, current treatment status, and breast surgery type. Similarly, patients who were married and who had higher education had better quality of life were statistically significant in the multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic status is significantly associated with altered appearance distress, body image, and quality of life in Korean women with breast cancer. Patients who suffer from altered appearance distress or lower body image are much more likely to experience psychosocial, physical, and functional problems than women who do not, therefore health care providers should be aware of the changes and distresses that these breast cancer patients go through and provide specific information and psychosocial support to socioeconomically more vulnerable patients.