Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Macromolecular inhibitors of malarial cysteine proteases —An invited review

There are evidences indicating that cysteine proteases play an essential role in malaria parasites; therefore, an obvious area of investigation is the inhibition of these enzymes to treat malaria. Small cysteine protease inhibitors of malaria are well studied, but macromolecular nature of inhibitor is a new field to explore. In malarial cysteine proteases, there are macromolecular endogenous inhibitors playing important roles in regulation of the cysteine protease activity of parasite and host. Recent studies suggested that there are known and characterized endogenous inhibitors like falstatin present in P. falciparum, PbICP (inhibitor of cysteine protease in P. berghei), PyICP (inhibitor of cysteine protease in P. yoelli), and other macromolecular inhibitors which are the prodomain of enzyme itself regulating the activity of the mature enzyme. All the known macromolecular endogenous inhibitors are using specific loop-like structure to interact with malarial cysteine proteases. The majority of macromolecular inhibitors are competitive in nature, and block access to the active site of their target protease, but do not bind in a strictly substrate-like manner. They rather interact with the protease subsites and catalytic residues in a non-catalytically competent manner. In future, designing inhibitors based on these protein-protein interactions will be a new approach in the field of malaria. Since macromolecular inhibitors can gain potency through the burial of a large surface area and specificity through contacts with secondary binding sites critical for inhibition, and could be less prone to drug resistant mutation.
Knowledge sharing in an automobile project: Brazil's Ford Ecosport

The experience lived by a project development team for the new EcoSport at Ford Motor in Camaçari, Bahia was investigated regarding the knowledge sharing between its members. The goal was to evaluate that process, aimed at improving the team’s work on new projects. The research focus was placed on two questions: a) what modes of knowledge sharing were preferably practiced. b) What was the effectiveness of these modes on the development process? To answer these questions, we conducted a survey among team’s members followed by an analysis of their social network. The research found isolated members or with few ties between them. The network was also isolated in relation to other important actors of the company. The modes of socialization for capturing knowledge and externalization for the transmission of knowledge were the most preferred and effective by the majority of the team members. The authors concluded that it is highly recommended to increase the balance of the knowledge sharing via the stimulation of modes of combination and internalization.
MANDIBULAR ANESTHESIA AND TOOTH EXTRACTION IN THE BOTTLENOSED DOLPHIN

Anatomical dissections were done to show the innervation of the teeth and mandible of the bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Using structural landmarks, a method has been devised for anesthetizing the lower jaw. With this procedure teeth can be extracted and age determined by counting dentine layers in sections of etched teeth. Animals of the most desirable ages can thus be selected and the ages of animals already in captivity can be determined.
Compiler-directed scratchpad memory management via graph coloring

Scratchpad memory (SPM), a fast on-chip SRAM managed by software, is widely used in embedded systems. This article introduces a general-purpose compiler approach, called memory coloring, to assign static data aggregates, such as arrays and structs, in a program to an SPM. The novelty of this approach lies in partitioning the SPM into a pseudo--register file (with interchangeable and aliased registers), splitting the live ranges of data aggregates to create potential data transfer statements between SPM and off-chip memory, and finally, adapting an existing graph coloring algorithm for register allocation to assign the data aggregates to the pseudo--register file. Our experimental results using a set of 10 C benchmarks from MediaBench and MiBench show that our methodology is capable of managing SPMs efficiently and effectively for large embedded applications. In addition, our SPM allocator can obtain close to optimal solutions when evaluated and compared against an existing heuristics-based SPM allocator and an ILP-based SPM allocator.
A desiderata for refactoring-based software modularity improvement

There exists number of large business critical software systems of recent vintage that are becoming increasingly difficult to maintain. These systems, written in newer languages such as C and Java are fast becoming legacy and showing the same symptoms of modularity deterioration reminiscent of older legacy systems written in Cobol and PL1. However, this problem has not received much attention from the software modularization community. In this paper, we argue that the modularization needs of these relatively newer systems, which generally have some modular structure, is significantly different from the needs of older, mainly monolithic, legacy systems. We emphasize the need for incrementally improving modularity and propose a software refactoring based approach to solve this problem, thereby, uniting hitherto two disparate threads of research - software modularization and software refactoring. As part of this refactoring based modularity improvement approach, we identify a set of modularity smells and specify how to detect these smells in poorly modularized software systems. A validation of these modularity smells is carried out using several open source systems.
OPTIMALITY-PRESERVING ELIMINATION OF LINEARITIES IN JACOBIAN ACCUMULATION

We consider a mathematical function that is implemented in a high-level programming language such as C or Fortran. This function is assumed to be differentiable in some neighborhood of a set of input arguments. For available local partial derivatives of the arithmetic operators and intrinsic functions provided by the programming language, the Jacobian of the function at the given arguments can be accumulated by using the chain rule. This technique is known as automatic differentiation of numerical programs. Under the above assumptions the values of the local partial derivatives are well dened for given values of the inputs. A code for accumulating the Jacobian matrix that is based on the chain rule takes these partial derivatives as input and computes the nonzero entries of the Jacobian using only scalar multiplications and additions. The exploitation of the associativity of the chain rule or, equivalently, the algebraic properties of the corresponding eld n in particular, associativity of the multiplication and distributivity n to minimize the number of multiplications leads to a combinatorial optimization problem that is widely conjectured to be NP-hard. Several heuristics have been developed for its approximate solution. Their efcienc y always depends on the total number of partial derivatives. Linearities in the function lead to constant partial derivatives that do not depend on the input values. We present a specialized constant folding algorithm to decrease the size of the combinatorial problem in order to increase the efcienc y of heuristics for its solution. Moreover, we show that this algorithm preserves optimality in the sense that an optimal solution for the reduced problem yields an objective value no worse than that of an optimal solution for the original problem.
Diagnosis of schizophrenia in a matched sample of Australian aborigines

Cross‐cultural phenomenology is one method of studying mental disorders such as schizophrenia. There are few data of this nature available on Australian aborigines. Using a retrospective medical record review of 39 matched pairs of aboriginal and nonaboriginal patients discharged as schizophrenic from a psychiatric hospital, this study investigated whether any phenomenological differences, using DSM‐III‐R criteria, existed between the two groups. Of all criteria, bizarre delusions, social deterioration, illness duration and organic exclusion were statistically significant, with fewer aboriginal subjects having documentation for each of these variables. Possible explanations for these findings, including intergroup phenomenological differences and assessment variation, are discussed.
Modelos de regresión para el pronóstico de series temporales con estacionalidad creciente

En el presente trabajo, se compara el desempeno de tres modelos de regresion, en terminos de su efectividad predictiva, para el caso de series temporales con estacionalidad creciente. Se emplearon 617 series en el cotejo, asi como tres modelos de los cuales, uno es propuesta original de este trabajo. Adicionalmente, se compararon estos modelos contra uno de raices unitarias, tipicamente empleado para el pronostico de las series de interes. Entre los resultados mas importantes, se muestra que la efectividad de los modelos de regresion, dependera del horizonte de pronostico asi como del grado de su curvatura. A menor curvatura y mayor horizonte, mejor sera su desempeno. Se mostraran las condiciones bajo las cuales, los modelos de regresion pueden pronosticar tan bien, o incluso mejor que la alternativa tipica. Por ultimo, se realiza un analisis de los intervalos predictivos y sobre como mejorar su efectividad.
Improved k nearest neighbors Transductive Confidence Machine for pattern recognition

Transductive Confidence Machine(TCM) is an effective machine- learning algorithm. But its classification results are not satisfying under high confidence level. Therefor an improved algorithm, named TCM-IKNN, is put forward by means of improving strangeness measure method on the basis of traditional TCM-KNN. The results of the experiment on parts of UCI dataset show that the TCM-IKNN algorithm using the improved strangeness measure can increase the correct rate of predictions, reduce the number of uncertain predictions in both online and offline learning settings, be superior to traditional TCM-KNN.
Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction: An Overlooked Cause of Foot Deformity

Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is the most common cause of adult acquired flatfoot. Degenerative changes in this tendon, lead to pain and weakness and if not identified and treated will progress to deformity of the foot and degenerative changes in the surrounding joints. Patients will complain of medial foot pain, weakness, and a slowly progressive foot deformity. A “too many toes” sign may be present and patients will be unable to perform a single heal raise test. Investigations such X-ray, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging will help stage the disease and decide on management. The optimal manage may change based on the progression of deformity and stage of disease. Early identification and prompt initiation of treatment can halt progression of the disease. The purpose of this article is to examine the causes, signs, symptoms, examinations, investigations and treatment options for posterior tibial tendon dysfunction.
p63 in Mytilus galloprovincialis and p53 family members in the phylum Mollusca

In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Mollusca Mytilus Nomenclature p53 p63 p73 Phylogeny Sequence Genes of the p53 family are known to be critical regulators of the cell cycle. They have already been established as possible biomarkers. Elaborate regulation mechanisms result in numerous cDNA and protein isoforms being expressed from each gene of the p53 family. Their similarity caused an often misleading nomenclature in non-vertebrate species. The aim of the present work is a clarification of the nomenclature of molluscan p53 family sequences, an essential prerequisite for reliable interpretation of gene expression and protein function studies. Here, we report five partial cDNA and one partial genomic p63 sequences, all originating from two Mytilus galloprovincialis individuals. DNA, deduced protein sequences, and the exon/ intron architecture were analyzed and compared to p53, p63 and p73 sequences from other organisms. Along with our sequences, we analyzed all similar molluscan sequences found in the GenBank database. The analysis showed our cDNA sequences code for the TAp63γ isoform of the p63 protein, and identified all other molluscan p53 family sequences as p63 genes or their expression isoforms. Our results also indicate p63 as the ancestral gene of the p53 family as well as the only gene of the family present in non-chordate metazoan species. Some 80% of all marine pollution comes from land-based activities (web page: UNEP, United Nations Environment Programme) with many pollutants being deposited in estuaries and coastal waters. Common blue mussels (Mytilus sp.) are sessile, filter feeding marine organisms with a worldwide coastal water distribution. They are well recognized as bioindicators for the assessment of anthropogenic stress in marine environments (Gosling, 1992). Because of its central role in the molecular networks that decide the fate of cellular life and death, the p53 protein has been termed a key regulator of cell fate (Oren, 2003). Expression and activity of p53 in mammalian systems are increased in response to DNA damage, and functional p53 serves as a transcription factor for genes associated with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, thus preventing the proliferation of aberrant cells (Vogel-stein et al., 2000). About …
Power and Performance Optimization : A Case Study with the Pentium M Processor

Power and thermal constraints limit computer system performance, and although current and next-generation commercial computing systems have access to several power management mechanisms, the management techniques designed to ensure safe operation often degrade performance. We conducted a study of power management techniques during a summer internship at IBM’s Austin Research Laboratory as part of a larger project to investigate application-specific power/performance trade-offs. This report describes one component of the study, a characterization of two power management techniques on a Pentium M system, dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) and clock throttling. We analyzed microbenchmark power and performance for three dataset sizes corresponding to corebound, intermediate, and memory-bound programs. We found that DVFS is more effective than clock throttling at reducing power while preserving performance, and that the two techniques applied together offer a range of power management options to suit application behavior and system requirements. 1
More than Words: The Effect of Multi-word Frequency and Constituency on Phonetic Duration

There is mounting evidence that language users are sensitive to the distributional properties of multi-word sequences. Such findings expand the range of information speakers are sensitive to and call for processing models that can represent larger chains of relations. In the current paper we investigate the effect of multi-word statistics on phonetic duration using a combination of experimental and corpus-based research. We ask (a) if phonetic duration is affected by multi-word frequency in both elicited and spontaneous speech, and (b) if syntactic constituency modulates the effect. We show that phonetic durations are reduced in higher frequency sequences, regardless of constituency: duration is shorter for more frequent sequences within and across syntactic boundaries. The effects are not reducible to the frequency of the individual words or substrings. These findings open up a novel set of questions about the interaction between surface distributions and higher order properties, and the resulting need (or lack thereof) to incorporate higher order properties into processing models.
DICER, DROSHA and DNA damage response RNAs are necessary for the secondary recruitment of DNA damage response factors

ABSTRACT The DNA damage response (DDR) plays a central role in preserving genome integrity. Recently, we reported that the endoribonucleases DICER and DROSHA contribute to DDR activation by generating small non-coding RNAs, termed DNA damage response RNA (DDRNA), carrying the sequence of the damaged locus. It is presently unclear whether DDRNAs act by promoting the primary recognition of DNA lesions or the secondary recruitment of DDR factors into cytologically detectable foci and consequent signal amplification. Here, we demonstrate that DICER and DROSHA are dispensable for primary recruitment of the DDR sensor NBS1 to DNA damage sites. Instead, the accumulation of the DDR mediators MDC1 and 53BP1 (also known as TP53BP1), markers of secondary recruitment, is reduced in DICER- or DROSHA-inactivated cells. In addition, NBS1 (also known as NBN) primary recruitment is resistant to RNA degradation, consistent with the notion that RNA is dispensable for primary recognition of DNA lesions. We propose that DICER, DROSHA and DDRNAs act in the response to DNA damage after primary recognition of DNA lesions and, together with γH2AX, are essential for enabling the secondary recruitment of DDR factors and fuel the amplification of DDR signaling. Summary: We show that DICER, DROSHA and DNA damage response RNAs are necessary for the secondary recruitment of DNA damage response factors but not essential for primary recognition of DNA lesions.
Uniform working hours and structural unemployment

In this paper, we construct a simple model based on heterogeneity in workers' productivity and homogeneity in their working schedules. This simple model can generate unemployment, even if wages adjust instantaneously, firms are perfectly competitive, and firms can perfectly observe workers' productivity and effort. In our model, it is optimal for low-skilled workers to be unemployed because, on the one hand, firms do not find it optimal to hire low-skilled workers when labor hours must be synchronized across heterogeneous workers, and on the other hand, low-skilled workers do not find it attractive working for the same hours as high-skilled workers at competitive wages based on productivity. Thus our model offers an alternative explanation for why unskilled workers are a primary source of structural unemployment.
Strategies for taming a Swahili husband: Zanzibari women's talk about love in Islamic marriages

abstract This Article uses Swahili audio recordings of marital instruction and interviews with Zanzibari Muslim women to investigate their conception of ‘love’ within Islamic marriages. When seen through a language socialisation framework, their talk illustrates how Swahili women socialise one another into not only particular ways of using language within marriage but also a particular discourse about the ideal means to mitigate their precarious status within the institution of marriage. A focus on grammatical subjecthood in the verb -penda, ‘love’, reveals that women idealise speaking and behaving in ways that will engender husbandly love, thereby protecting themselves from the financial risks of divorce. Discourse about their own loving feelings occurs only in constructed dialogue, suggesting their greater concern with saying “I love you” than with experiencing marital love. These findings contradict Swahili stereotypes about women as more emotional than men, and suggest that they are strategically agentive.
MEASURES OF EVERYDAY FUNCTIONING IN A SMART ENVIRONMENT : DIRECT OBSERVATION AND DATA MINING TECHNIQUES

The assessment of everyday functioning has become a topic of interest in aging research. Studies have investigated the importance of assessing and understanding decline in older adults’ ability to carry out tasks of daily living and its relation to cognitive functioning. Some studies have suggested that assessment of everyday functioning may be one of the most ecologically valid ways to measure cognitive decline as it applies to independent functioning in the home. However, “real world” scenarios for assessment of everyday functioning are not commonly used by neuropsychologists, and instead clinicians rely on paper and pencilbased tests, questionnaires, and self-report information to determine impairment in tasks of daily living.
Knowledge about the work: experience and history in the sugarcane fields

The sugarcane industry has expanded its dimensions and its dominance in Brazil. Politically, this increase backs on a history that connects the production of cane sugar to economic development and national progress (Godoy, 2004). This paper questions this official version from the story and experiences of rural the workers. The research was developed during the Master in Psychology in UFMG. As methodological tool was used the Life History as proposed by clinical sociology in dialogue with the theoretical and methodological approaches of the socialpsychology of work and ergology. The narrative of a worker of sugarcane industry could reveal the impacts of sugarcane industry daily life of individuals, community and all the experiences omitted in the official history .
A Gene-Based Linkage Map for Bicyclus anynana Butterflies Allows for a Comprehensive Analysis of Synteny with the Lepidopteran Reference Genome

Lepidopterans (butterflies and moths) are a rich and diverse order of insects, which, despite their economic impact and unusual biological properties, are relatively underrepresented in terms of genomic resources. The genome of the silkworm Bombyx mori has been fully sequenced, but comparative lepidopteran genomics has been hampered by the scarcity of information for other species. This is especially striking for butterflies, even though they have diverse and derived phenotypes (such as color vision and wing color patterns) and are considered prime models for the evolutionary and developmental analysis of ecologically relevant, complex traits. We focus on Bicyclus anynana butterflies, a laboratory system for studying the diversification of novelties and serially repeated traits. With a panel of 12 small families and a biphasic mapping approach, we first assigned 508 expressed genes to segregation groups and then ordered 297 of them within individual linkage groups. We also coarsely mapped seven color pattern loci. This is the richest gene-based map available for any butterfly species and allowed for a broad-coverage analysis of synteny with the lepidopteran reference genome. Based on 462 pairs of mapped orthologous markers in Bi. anynana and Bo. mori, we observed strong conservation of gene assignment to chromosomes, but also evidence for numerous large- and small-scale chromosomal rearrangements. With gene collections growing for a variety of target organisms, the ability to place those genes in their proper genomic context is paramount. Methods to map expressed genes and to compare maps with relevant model systems are crucial to extend genomic-level analysis outside classical model species. Maps with gene-based markers are useful for comparative genomics and to resolve mapped genomic regions to a tractable number of candidate genes, especially if there is synteny with related model species. This is discussed in relation to the identification of the loci contributing to color pattern evolution in butterflies.