Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Graduated Compression Stockings on Limb Oxygenation and Venous Function during Exercise in Patients with Venous Insufficiency

Despite the established role of compression as the basis for nonoperative treatment of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), its mechanism of action remains unclear. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides continuous noninvasive monitoring of changes in tissue oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxyhemoglobin (Hb). We applied NIRS to evaluate the effect of graded stockings on venous function and calf muscle oxygenation during exercise in patients with CVI. Ten patients (age 56 ± 5 years) with CVI were rested in supine posture for 20 minutes. NIRS optodes were attached to the calf. Venous function was assessed in each patient with and without graded compression stockings (classes I to III) at rest in the supine position, standing, with 10 tiptoe exercises, and on standard walking at 1.6 km/h for 5 minutes. Venous function was assessed by measuring changes in Hb and total hemoglobin (HbT) during the test, and muscle oxygenation was assessed by the oxygenation index (HbD), which is the difference between HbO2 and Hb. Standing without stockings caused a significant increase in Hb concentration by 10.75 ± 2.24 µmol/L compared with the supine position (p < .001). This value was reduced when stockings were applied to 6.38 ± 2.75 µmol/L with class III stockings (p = .005). During tiptoe exercise, the residual Hb concentration value without stockings was 7.62 ± 2.12 µmol/L compared with 5.88 ± 2.87, 3.77 ± 3.37, and 3.46 ± 2.73 ±mol/L for class I, II, and III stockings, respectively. The reduction in Hb concentration reached significance with class II and III stockings compared to without stockings (p = .04). The HbT concentration was also reduced during tiptoe exercise, with increasing compression from 15.46 ± 5.31 µmol/L without compression to 11.52 ± 4.26 µmol/L with class III stockings (p = .048). During walking, the Hb concentration was 11.40 ± 3.10 µmol/L without stockings, decreasing significantly (p < .001) and progressively to 8.49 ± 3.24, 7.71 ± 3.51, and 6.89 ± 3.16 µmol/L with class I, II, and III stockings, respectively. Limb oxygenation (as measured by HbO2 concentration) during walking exercise, however, increased with higher-compression stockings and reached significance with class III stockings only (p = .03). In patients with venous insufficiency, graduated compression stockings may achieve their beneficial effects by reducing venous pooling and improving deeper tissue oxygenation.
Quantitative relationship of sick building syndrome symptoms with ventilation rates.

UNLABELLED Data from published studies were combined and analyzed to develop best-fit equations and curves quantifying the change in sick building syndrome (SBS) symptom prevalence in office workers with ventilation rate. For each study, slopes were calculated, representing the fractional change in SBS symptom prevalence per unit change in ventilation rate per person. Values of ventilation rate, associated with each value of slope, were also calculated. Linear regression equations were fitted to the resulting data points, after weighting by study size. Integration of the slope-ventilation rate equations yielded curves of relative SBS symptom prevalence vs. ventilation rate. Based on these analyses, as the ventilation rate drops from 10 to 5 l/s-person, relative SBS symptom prevalence increases approximately 23% (12% to 32%), and as ventilation rate increases from 10 to 25 l/s-person, relative prevalence decreases approximately 29% (15% to 42%). Variations in SBS symptom types, building features, and outdoor air quality may cause the relationship of SBS symptom prevalence with ventilation rate in specific situations to differ from the average relationship predicted in this paper. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS On average, providing more outdoor air ventilation will reduce prevalence rates of sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms. However, given the costs of energy use, including increased risks of climate change, it is important to balance the benefits and risks of increased ventilation. This paper provides initial estimates of how the incremental health benefits per unit of increased ventilation diminish at higher levels of ventilation.
An Empirical Analysis of DCF Discount Rates and Corresponding Weighted-Average Costs of Capital

This paper presents the results of cross-sectional regressions to explain DCF discount rates used by investment banks and boutique valuation firms in 2,364 DCF valuations of whole companies, plus companion regressions to explain associated weighted-average costs of capital as calculated by Bloomberg. I address the possibility of valuator bias by controlling for the terminal-value assumption. DCF discount rates commonly exceed WACCs and correlate most strongly (by far) with company size. In stark contrast, WACCs correlate most strongly with beta and debt. Since DCF discount rates depend much less on capital structure than WACCs do, valuator judgment serves to bring DCF discount rates into closer conformity with Modigliani-Miller. Also, company specific risk (measured by sigma, the standard error of estimate in the market-model regression used to obtain alpha and beta) explains DCF discount rates as well as beta does, perhaps proxying for future beta.
Role of CD4 in Normal Immunity and HIV Infection

In this report we have attempted to review our knowledge of the role(s) of CD4 in human T-cell function and the consequences of interactions between CD4 molecules and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The observation in 1981 that antibodies to certain epitopes of CD4 inhibited the immune functions of CD4+ T cells led to the initial suggestion that CD4 molecules play a direct role in T-cell function. Although the precise functions of CD4 remain incompletely understood, a preponderance of evidence suggests that this molecule may in fact serve several critical roles. At least one such role is that of interacting directly with MHC class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells, presumably facilitating cell-to-cell interactions. On activated CD4+ T cells, CD4 molecules can also interact directly with the T-cell receptor complex to influence the immune response. Unfortunately, in addition to interacting with the T-cell receptor and class II MHC determinants, CD4 serves as a high affinity receptor for HIV, the causative agent of AIDS. Not only does interaction between the virus and CD4 initiate viral fusion to the cell membrane and HIV entry but, in addition, a similar molecular interaction initiates fusion between HIV-infected and uninfected CD4+ cells, resulting in the formation of multinucleated syncytia. Since uninfected CD4+ cells are, in effect, recruited into such syncytia, this mechanism may account in part for the depletion of CD4+ T cells in HIV-infected patients. Soluble forms of CD4 produced either by genetic engineering or solid phase peptide synthesis can completely block HIV infectivity and syncytia formation in vitro, remarkably without apparent effects on T-cell immunity. Such molecules are currently being explored for their possible therapeutic effects on HIV infection in vivo.
A novel metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist: marked depression of monosynaptic excitation in the newborn rat isolated spinal cord

1 Neuropharmacological actions of a novel metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, (2S,1′R,2′R,3′R)‐2‐(2,3‐dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine (DCG‐IV), were examined in the isolated spinal cord of the newborn rat, and compared with those of the established agonists of (2S,1′S,2′S)‐2‐(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (l‐CCG‐I) or (1S,3R)‐1‐aminocyclopentane‐1,3‐dicarboxylic acid ((1S,3R)‐ACPD). 2 At concentrations higher than 10 μm, DCG‐IV caused a depolarization which was completely blocked by selective N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) antagonists. The depolarization was pharmacologically quite different from that caused by l‐CCG‐I and (1S,3R)‐ACPD. 3 DCG‐IV reduced the monosynaptic excitation of motoneurones rather than polysynaptic discharges in the nanomolar range without causing postsynaptic depolarization of motoneurones. DCG‐IV was more effective than l‐CCG‐I, (1S,3R)‐ACPD or l‐2‐amino‐4‐phosphonobutanoic acid (l‐AP4) in reducing the monosynaptic excitation of motoneurones. 4 DCG‐IV (30 nm–1 μm) did not depress the depolarization induced by known excitatory amino acids in the newborn rat motoneurones, but depressed the baseline fluctuation of the potential derived from ventral roots. Therefore, DCG‐IV seems to reduce preferentially transmitter release from primary afferent nerve terminals. 5 Depression of monosynaptic excitation caused by DCG‐IV was not affected by any known pharmacological agents, including 2‐amino‐3‐phosphonopropanoic acid (AP3), diazepam, 2‐hydroxysaclofen, picrotoxin and strychnine. 6 DCG‐IV has the potential of providing further useful information on the physiological function of metabotropic glutamate receptors.
APPLYING U.S. RESEARCH ON LABOR UNION MEMBERSHIP PARTICIPATION TO SOUTH KOREAN UNIONS

The dynamic and organizationally complex, South Korean labor movement presents a unique opportunity for studying union membership participation. The uniqueness of this opportunity suggests that research designs which are adopted from U.S. research for researching South Korean labor unions should be consistent with the organizational complexities of unions, the labor law, and the culture of employment relations in South Korea. The “dual image” of South Korean labor union organization which is developed in this paper helps to reconceive U.S. concepts of “union membership participation,” “union democracy” and “union bureaucracy” for the South Korean labor movement. The “dual image” of South Korean labor union organization is also helpful for developing hypotheses about the determinants of membership participation inside South Korean labor unions. In light of the unique attributes of the “dual image” of South Korean labor union organization, U.S. research designs should be modified in order to pursue several enduring, interdisciplinary research themes about the character and determinants of union membership participation in South Korea. These themes conceive of the labor union as a “socializing institution,” as an “opportunity structure,” as a “community,” and as a “stratified working class organization. ” Developing research designs which capture the unique attributes of the South Korean labor movement will enhance the theoretical and policy implications of the research results, as well as facilitate cross-national, comparative research on labor union membership participation.
Détection automatique de reformulations - Correspondance de concepts appliquée à la détection du plagiat

Comparison of two documents in the plagiarism detection context is often reduced to a word to word comparison, a research of copy and paste. In this article, a naive approach to compare two documents with the aim of automatically detecting whether a copied sentence from one text to the other, or paraphrases and reformulations, is presented. This is achieved by looking for the existence of meaningful words and their potential substitution words. We compare three algorithms using this approach and retain only the most efficient one to evaluate it with existing methods. The goal is to enable detection of similarities between two texts using only keywords. The proposed approach can detect non paraphrastic reformulations, which are impossible to detect with the conventional alignment approach.
Magnetic‐Plasmonic Dual Modulated FePt‐Au Ternary Heterostructured Nanorods as a Promising Nano‐Bioprobe

Ternary FePt-Au nanorods are synthesized as magnetic-plasmonic 1D nanostructures. Besides their widely tunable magnetic properties, their unique plasmonic response to the illumination polarization provides a powerful tool to optically image these sub-wavelength single nanorods. These nanoparticles also show the potential as a novel nano-bioprobe based on the demonstration of simultaneous magnetic manipulation and optical imaging of single particles inside live cells.
Net Returns From Dual-Purpose Wheat and Grain-Only Wheat

The use of winter wheat as a dual-purpose forage and grain crop is important to the agricultural economy of the Southern Great Plains. Published historical estimates of net returns from the production of dualpurpose wheat are not available. The objective of this analysis was to determine and compare historical net returns from grain-only wheat with the historical net returns from dual-purpose wheat. For the twenty wheat production seasons from 1980 to 1999, grain-only wheat generated more net returns to land, labor, machinery fixed costs, overhead, risk, and management in four seasons and dual-purpose wheat generated more net returns in 16 seasons.
Analysis of population structure among Korean and Japanese Legionella pneumophila isolates using hsp60 sequences

The population structure of Korean (150 strains) and Japanese (92 strains) Legionella pneumophila isolates along with 18 reference strains were investigated using hsp60 sequence (1647 bp) analysis. Twelve clonal subgroups (hsP‐I to hsP‐X and hsF‐I and hsF‐II) were designated on the hsp60 tree, inferred from representative sequences using the neighbor‐joining method. Some of the isolates showed unique subgroups depending on the source of isolates, including hsP‐I, hsF‐I, and hsF‐II from cooling tower water, and subgroups hsP‐VIII and hsP‐X from circulating hot water bath. These subgroups may be useful for epidemiological studies to chase or specify sources of infection in Korea and Japan.
Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and its Resistance to Antibiotics in Poultry in the Czech Republic

Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. , in particular Campylobacter jejuni, are among the most frequently identified pathogens, found to be causing human gastrointestinal infections in Europe, with the Czech Republic being no exception. The presented work aimed at assessing results of the first nationwide monitoring of prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter spp. in broiler flocks in the Czech Republic, including a comparison of antibiotic resistance of C. jejuni isolates collected from poultry and the human community. The monitoring was carried out in poultry slaughterhouses in 2006 and 2007. From broilers, cloacal swabs were collected and examined. The human isolates of C. jejuni were acquired from rectal swabs in community patients with diarrhoeal diseases. Suspected isolates of both animal and human origin were confirmed by the PCR methods. Antibiotic resistance to selected anti‐microbial agents was tested by the microdilution method. In the monitored period, the prevalence of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. in broilers in the Czech Republic reached almost 50%. In 2006, C. jejuni was detected in 46% and Campylobacter coli in 3% of the tested samples. In 2007, C. jejuni was found in 43% and C. coli in 2% of the samples. The results of anti‐microbial susceptibility testing of C. jejuni showed higher resistance in animals when compared with humans. The only exception was tetracycline with higher resistance in isolates of human origin. The highest resistance detected was to quinolone antibiotics. Resistance to oxolinic acid was 77% in animal and 60% in human isolates, to ciprofloxacin 72% in isolates from poultry and 55% in those from humans. In ampicillin, 26% of poultry isolates and 16% of human isolates were resistant. Moreover, 9% of animal isolates demonstrated resistance to streptomycin, undetected in human isolates. In erythromycin, resistance was found in 6% of poultry and 1% of human isolates.
Prediction of Battery Behavior Subject to High-Rate Partial State of Charge

An online optimization procedure provides the parameters of a nonlinear battery model by taking into account a few minutes of measured current-voltage data. Within a defined range in terms of charge current, state of charge (SOC), and duration of charge and discharge events, the model is able to capture the relevant battery dynamics and predict the behavior for the next few minutes. From the battery behavior during specific events, the state of the battery can be revealed, which is defined as the state of function. Validation, which is carried out on measured current-voltage profiles, shows the accuracy of prediction during the high-rate partial SOC operation. Even with the data measured during a city drive within a microhybrid electrical vehicle, the method is able to predict the voltage level during high-rate discharge pulses (cranking). cranking
Angle tracking of MEMS hard-magnetic micromirror by PID control

Electromagnetic actuated torsional micromirror fabricated using Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) technology is a fundamental building block for many applications. The main purpose of a torsional micromirror system is actuated by current to provide a deflection angle, so angle control of the micromirror system is of prime importance. An electromagnetic MEMS micromirrors have been designed with the composite of PDMS and Nd-Fe-B micropowder (MQFP-12-5) and actuated by external spiral coils. Considering the requirement of high performance in optical switching applications and poor performance at the open loop response, proportional, integral and derivative (PID) controller is designed to improve transient response. The experimental results of angle tracking have demonstrated that the 95% setting time is shortened from 50 to 15 ms while the 70% overshoot is improved obviously with high positioning performance by using the proposed scheme. The results also confirm that the controlled magnetic micromirror follows the given angle precisely.
Phase Aberration Measurements in Medical Ultrasound: Human Studies

Using a modified real-time phased array sector scanner, phase aberrations and amplitude fluctuations across the imaging aperture have been measured in a number of human subjects. Data from these subjects were classified into two categories based on the quality of conventional longitudinal images of the liver. Measured phase aberrations were very small in all subjects exhibiting high quality images. In contrast, large phase aberrations were measured in subjects producing low quality images. However, there were no significant amplitude variations across the array for all subjects studied. These results suggest that the absence of significant phase aberrations is a necessary condition for high quality phased array imaging. If so, improvements in clinical image quality in Such Subjects may be possible.
A new contribution to the integration of human and porcine genome maps: 623 new points of homology

In this study we examined homologies between 1,735 porcine microsatellites and human sequence. For 1,710 microsatellites we directly used the sequence flanking the repeat available in GenBank. For a set of 305 microsatellites, a BAC library was screened and end-sequencing provided 461 additional sequences. Altogether 2,171 porcine sequences were tentatively aligned with the sequence of the human genome using the fasta program. Human homologies were observed for 652 microsatellite loci and porcine chromosome assignments available for 623 microsatellites provide useful links in the human and pig comparative map. Moreover for 92 STS, a significant sequence similarity was detected using at least two sequences and in all cases corresponding human locations were consistent. The present study allowed the integration of anonymous markers and the porcine linkage map into the framework of the comparative data between human and porcine genomes (http://w3.toulouse.inra.fr/lgc/pig/msat/). Moreover all conserved syntenic segments were defined on human chromosomes.
Maternal and neonatal complications of macrosomia.

This case control study, aimed at identifying complications of macrosomia, was conducted in two major hospitals of Yaoundé, Cameroon over a 6-month period from 1 October 2012. Maternity records were compared of births weighing ≥4000 g with those weighing between 3000 g and 3500 g. The main outcome variables were mode of delivery, low genital lacerations, Apgar score, birth injuries, postpartum haemorrhage and early neonatal death. Data were analysed using SPSS 18.0. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test and t-test were used for comparison. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Maternal complications observed were poor uterine contractions during labour, second-degree perineal tears, Caesarean section, instrumental delivery and postpartum haemorrhage. Neonatal complications were birth injuries, poor 5-minute Apgar score and early neonatal death. In our setting, macrosomia is associated with increased maternal and neonatal complications.
Leontief versus Ghoshian Price and Quantity Models

The classical, "demand-driven" input-output model dates back to Leontief [24; 25]. Its economically complete opposite, the so-called "supply-driven" input-output model was developed almost forty years ago by Ghosh [16], whereas its first application came more than ten years later by Augustinovics [1], followed by Giarratani [18]. The first theoretical reservations were formulated another ten years later by Giarratani [19] and Oosterhaven [31, 140-1]. Despite these reservations, the model came more or less en vogue in the 1980s. Several applications appeared; at best paying only lip service to this earlier critique [10; 5]. Moreover, without much reservations the model also entered the major input-output textbook [28, 317-22], while uncritical generalizations and reiterations appeared in the theoretical literature [8; 3; 9]. Then a heavy discussion about the economic underpinning of the supply-driven quantity model was initiated by Oosterhaven [33; 36; 21; 34]. With that debate the enthusiasm to perform downright applications of the supply-driven model seems to have diminished. Literally in the footnotes of that debate, the (non-)existence, the mathematics and the possible economic interpretation of the dual, price version of the supply-driven model was discussed [33; 34]. Independently of this discussion, Davar [9] presented the dual model in extension, but did not discuss the economic plausibility of the underlying economic assumptions nor their implications. In view of the misinterpretations and misuse of the quantity version of the supply-driven model, this contribution aims at an early evaluation of its price version that is as complete and as balanced as possible. It is well known that the dual version of the regular input-output model is used to simulate cost-push inflationary processes [26, 188-201; 7, 246]. Other applications relate to, for instance, the price effects of pollution abatement [17], effects of rising energy cost [29], and energy price effects in multiregional or in extended interregional models [35; 32]. Of course, this dual, price version of the Leontief model is based on the same stringent, standard assumptions of the quantity version and on some heavy, additional assumptions that are made for the price version [37]. Naturally, the potential use of the dual of the supply-driven model lies in the simulation of demand-pull inflationary processes as opposed to the cost-push applications of the dual Leontief model. Hence, part of our evaluation will be directed toward the question whether such applications are justified from an economic point of view or not. Our discussion will start in the next section with a brief summary of the Leontief quantity and