Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of transition-rate probability distributions for transport from macroscopic experimental observations

Author(s): Cortis, Andrea | Abstract: Contaminant transport in geological formations can be effectively described by means of the time convolution of the classical advection-dispersion equation with a time-memory function M(t). In the Continuous Time Random Walk (CTRW) formalism, M(t) is intimately related to (t), the probability distribution function of the contaminant transition rates. The (t) maps the structure of the unresolved spatial heterogeneities into a distribution of transition rates. Direct observation of the (t) at the pore scale represents a formidable experimental challenge. First principles theoretical derivations of the (t) represent a daunting task and only a few explicit solutions exist. Simple analytical models for the (t) depending on a small number of parameters have been therefore postulated, based on asymptotic transport considerations. The model parameters can be easiliy identified by means of least squares optimization of the CTRW solutions on experimental data (e.g., breakthrough curves, concentration profiles). Hydrogeological systems such as fracture networks in permeable rocks, karst systems at high Reynolds numbers, and channeling in Darcy flow (to mention only a few), however, cannot be treated by means of these simple (t) models. In this work, we present a novel methodology for the identification of the full spectrum of the (t) from macroscopic experimental observations. This deconvolution technique provides a new and powerful tool for the investigation of the influence of heterogeneous structures on the macroscopic transport parameters.
Scaling Analysis of SiO2/Si Interface Roughness by Atomic Force Microscopy

The scaling behavior of SiO2/Si interface roughness was investigated by atomic force microscopy. The rms value of the roughness increased as a power of the scale up to 100 nm with the scaling exponent of 0.3–0.5, and saturated at about 0.3 nm above the 100 nm scale. The scaling behavior of the observed roughness was well approximated by an exponential autocorrelation function with the correlation length of about 15 nm, but not by a Gaussian one. Such scaling behavior should be taken into account in theoretical calculation of surface roughness scattering, and also in metrology of roughness parameters.
SPECTRAL-TIMING ANALYSIS OF THE LOWER kHz QPO IN THE LOW-MASS X-RAY BINARY AQUILA X-1

Spectral-timing products of kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPOs) in low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) systems, including energy- and frequency-dependent lags, have been analyzed previously in 4U 1608-52, 4U 1636-53, and 4U 1728-34. Here, we study the spectral-timing properties of the lower kHz QPO of the neutron star LMXB Aquila X-1 for the first time. We compute broadband energy lags as well as energy-dependent lags and the covariance spectrum using data from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. We find characteristics similar to those of previously studied systems, including soft lags of ∼30 μs between the 3.0–8.0 keV and 8.0–20.0 keV energy bands at the average QPO frequency. We also find lags that show a nearly monotonic trend with energy, with the highest-energy photons arriving first. The covariance spectrum of the lower kHz QPO is well fit by a thermal Comptonization model, though we find a seed photon temperature higher than that of the mean spectrum, which was also seen in Peille et al. and indicates the possibility of a composite boundary layer emitting region. Lastly, we see in one set of observations an Fe K component in the covariance spectrum at 2.4-σ confidence, which may raise questions about the role of reverberation in the production of lags.
Heat and mass transfer on unsteady MHD Casson fluid flow past an infinite vertical porous plate with chemical reaction

The most excellent applications on the practice and status of research in environmental science and technology, both natural and human made, with respect to the concepts of chemical reaction are heat absorption and Newtonian heating. For this purpose, in this paper, the numerical investigation of Newtonian heating effect on unsteady magnetohydrodynamic free convective flow of radiating and chemically reacting Casson fluid past an infinite oscillating vertical porous plate embedded in a porous medium is conducted by considering the effects of heat sink and viscous dissipation. The fluid motion is persuaded due to the periodic oscillations of the plate along its length. This phenomenon is represented as non-linear partial differential equations with initial and boundary conditions. By introducing suitable non-dimensional variable and parameters, the leading equation with initial and boundary conditions are converted into dimensionless form, which are then solved numerically using a finite difference method. The effects of several relevant parameters on the velocity, temperature and concentration are displayed graphically whilst the effects of these parameters on the skin friction, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are exhibited in tabular format and then discussed in detail.
Two-dimensional Fermi gas in antiparallel magnetic fields

We study a two-dimensional Fermi gas with an attractive interaction subjected to synthetic magnetic fields assumed to be mutually antiparallel for two different spin components. By employing the mean-field approximation, we find that its phase diagram at zero temperature consists of pair superfluid and quantum spin Hall insulator phases and closely resembles that of the Bose-Hubbard model. The resulting two phases are separated by a second-order quantum phase transition classified into the universality class of either the dilute Bose gas or the $XY$ model. We also show that the pairing gap can be enhanced significantly by the antiparallel magnetic fields as a consequence of magnetic catalysis, which may facilitate the realization of the pair superfluid in two dimensions by ultracold atom experiments.
A MLP for Dryer Energy Consumption Prediction in Wood Panel Industry

: The drying operation is the most energy consuming step of particle board manufacturing process. Even if a great academic and industrial effort has been furnished for last years, the prediction of this energy consumption is still a challenging issue. This paper deals with the energy consumption prediction for industrial wood drying. The study of an European particle board manufacturer’s industrial dryers has provided data sets for two both fresh and recycled wood drying processes. Based on these, MLP Neural network models have been developed and tested. Several tests have been conduced to identify and select the best MLP model’s structure to find a satisfying trade-off between model accuracy and maintenance efficiency. The proposed MLP models have either been distinctly trained on the datasets from both the first and second dryers, and then on their combination, in order to increase data diversity and to reduce training time and model maintenance. Then, the neural network based on the merged dataset has been compared to those developed from the single datasets. This experiment led to the conclusion that, the construction of a global model representing the operation of the two dryers is less accurate than the construction of a dedicated model for each dryer. Yet, the performances of combination model remain acceptable.
“At this age, I can do anything”: a phenomenological study exploring self-efficacy in pole dancing among middle-aged women

ABSTRACT Midlife is often a significant period as individuals experience changes in various dimensions of life. During this phase, women experience a multitude of biological adaptations and social transitions that negatively influence psychosocial outcomes which may be mediated through participation in meaningful recreational activities. Leisure-time physical activities have been positively associated with psychological health, social interactions, and personal development during midlife which can promote psychological well-being. The current qualitative study incorporated a phenomenological hermeneutic design to explore dimensions of self-efficacy manifested during pole dancing experiences among middle-aged women. In-depth interviews were conducted with ten middle-aged women who regularly participated in pole dancing in South Korea. Data analysis revealed self-mastery, observation, social feedback and positive energy experienced during pole dancing were significant factors that positively impacted emotional health and well-being. In the context of leisure and physical activity, self-efficacy establishes a motivational and behavioural framework to gain a deeper understanding of leisure participation, health outcomes and well-being. Findings suggest leisure-based physical activities such as pole dancing may serve as an outlet for women that enhances perceived capabilities through achievement, competence and social interaction which can contribute to personal and psychosocial benefits.
Lactylation of PKM2 Suppresses Inflammatory Metabolic Adaptation in Pro-inflammatory Macrophages

Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic adaptation is a vital hallmark and prerequisite for macrophage phenotype transition. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is an essential molecular determinant of metabolic adaptions in pro-inflammatory macrophages. Post-translational modifications play a central role in the regulation of PKM2. However, doubt remains on whether lactylation in PKM2 exists and how lactylation modulates the function of PKM2. For the first time, our study reports that lactate inhibits the Warburg effect by activating PKM2, promoting the transition of pro-inflammatory macrophages towards a reparative phenotype. We identify PKM2 as a lactylation substrate and confirm that lactylation occurs mainly at the K62 site. We find that lactate increases the lactylation level of PKM2, which inhibits its tetramer-to-dimer transition, promoting its pyruvate kinase activity and reducing nuclear distribution. In short, our study reports a novel post-translational modification type in PKM2 and clarifies its potential role in regulating inflammatory metabolic adaptation in pro-inflammatory macrophages.
Gray Radiation Hydrodynamics with the FLASH Code for Astrophysical Applications

We present the newly incorporated gray radiation hydrodynamics capabilities of the FLASH code based on a radiation flux-limiter-aware hydrodynamics numerical implementation designed specifically for applications in astrophysical problems. The implemented numerical methods consist of changes in the unsplit hydrodynamics solver and adjustments in the flux-limited radiation diffusion unit. Our approach can handle problems in both the strong and weak radiation–matter coupling limits, as well as transitions between the two regimes. Appropriate extensions in the “Helmholtz” equation of state are implemented to treat two-temperature astrophysical plasmas involving the interaction between radiation and matter and the addition of a new opacity unit based on the OPAL opacity database, commonly used for astrophysical fluids. A set of radiation-hydrodynamics test problems is presented aiming to showcase the new capabilities of FLASH and to provide direct comparison to other similar software instruments available in the literature. To illustrate the capacity of FLASH to simulate phenomena occurring in stellar explosions, such as shock breakout, radiative precursors, and supernova ejecta heating due to the decays of radioactive 56Ni and 56Co, we also present 1D supernova simulations and compare the computed light curves to those of the SNEC code. The latest public release of FLASH with these enhanced capabilities is available for download and use by the broader astrophysics community.
X-Ray and Optical Properties of Black Widows and Redbacks

Abstract Black widows and redbacks are binary systems consisting of a millisecond pulsar in a close binary with a companion having matter driven off of its surface by the pulsar wind. X-rays due to an intrabinary shock have been observed from many of these systems, as well as orbital variations in the optical emission from the companion due to heating and tidal distortion. We have been systematically studying these systems in radio, optical and X-rays. Here we will present an overview of X-ray and optical studies of these systems, including new XMM-Newton and NuStar data obtained from several of them, along with new optical photometry.
Monitoring Mood in a Stream of Self-reflections

: Burnout and job stress are tragic events that unfortunately occur in many professions. In the teaching profession, however, it affects not just the individual, but also several concomitant parties: students, school, and parents. This has lead to the widespread problem of teacher attrition, where the challenge has become not so much to attract teachers, but to retain them. The present research is based on the reﬂective writing of early career teachers (ECTs). These ECTs volunteered to write short weekly reﬂections during a period of about half a year. Spotting potential wellbeing problems in these series of reﬂections, however, calls for careful reading and studying of such large amounts of texts that manual processing became impracticable. Hence, we developed an algorithm which transforms such a stream of reﬂections into a 3-D visualization of mood changes, in which times of stress and potential for burnout can be detected more easily. This in turns makes it possible to notice points of concern when there is still time to intervene.
Perceptual Content

Recently, the thesis that experience is fundamentally a matter of representing the world as being a certain way has been questioned by austere relationalists. I defend this thesis by developing a view of perceptual content that avoids their objections. I will argue that on a relational understanding of perceptual content, the fundamental insights of austere relationalism do not compete with perceptual experience being representational. As it will show that most objections to the thesis that experience has content apply only to accounts of perceptual content on which perceptual relations to the world play no explanatory role. With austere relationalists, I will argue that perceptual experience is fundamentally relational. But against austere relationalists, I will argue that it is fundamentally both relational and rep-
Analyzing the Combination of Polymorphisms Associating with Antidepressant Response by Exact Conditional Test

Genetic factors have been shown to be involved in etiology of a poor response to the antidepressant treatment with sufficient dosage and duration. Our goal was to identify the role of polymorphisms in the poor response to the treatment. To this end, 5 functional polymorphisms in 109 patients diagnosed with unipolar, major depressive disorder are analyzed. Due to the small sample size, exact conditional tests are utilized to analyze the contingency table. The data analysis involves: (1) Exact test for conditional independence in a high dimensional contingency table; (2) Marginal independence test; (3) Exact test for three-way interactions. The efficiency of program always limits the application of exact test. The appropriate methods for enumerating exact tables are the key to improve the efficiency of programs. The algorithm of enumerating the exact tables is also introduced.
Problem of equilibration and the computation of correlation functions on a quantum computer

We address the question of how a quantum computer can be used to simulate experiments on quantum systems in thermal equilibrium. We present two approaches for the preparation of the equilibrium state on a quantum computer. For both approaches, we show that the output state of the algorithm, after long enough time, is the desired equilibrium. We present a numerical analysis of one of these approaches for small systems. We show how equilibrium (time-)correlation functions can be efficiently estimated on a quantum computer, given a preparation of the equilibrium state. The quantum algorithms that we present are hard to simulate on a classical computer. This indicates that they could provide an exponential speedup over what can be achieved with a classical device.
Phase transitions in generalized spin-boson (Dicke) models

We consider a class of generalized single mode Dicke Hamiltonians with arbitrary boson coupling in the pseudo-spin x-z plane. We find exact solutions in the thermodynamic, large-spin limit as a function of the coupling angle, which allows us to continuously move between the simple dephasing and the original Dicke Hamiltonians. Only in the latter case (orthogonal static and fluctuating couplings) does the parity-symmetry induced quantum phase transition occur.
Projection of relativistically moving objects on a two-dimensional plane, the `train' paradox and the visibility of the Lorentz contraction

Although many papers have appeared on the theory of photographing relativistically moving objects, pioneered by the classic work of Penrose and Terrell, three problems remain outstanding. (1) There does not seem to exist a general formula which gives the projection of a relativistically moving object, applicable to any object no matter how complicated, on a two-dimensional plane in conformity with Terrell's observation. (2) No resolution seems to have been provided for the associated so-called `train' paradox. (3) No analytical demonstration seems to have been offered on how the Lorentz contraction may be actually detected on a photograph. This paper addresses all of these three problems. The analysis does not require any more than trigonometry and elementary differentiation.
Modelling re-aeration of rivers using predictive models and developed ANN models under varying hydrodynamic conditions

ABSTRACT Re-aeration serves as an integral part of water quality modelling, being utilized as an imperative constraint for estimating dissolved oxygen in rivers. The methods available to estimate oxygen regeneration at the air–water interface are broadly applicable and scalable. The study introduced various artificial neural network (ANN) models designed to estimate the re-aeration coefficient under varying hydrodynamic conditions. Five-year datasets of Yamuna River exemplified reduced flow and heavy organic loadings were used for performance assessment of the models. The ANN models were developed using different combinations of input parameters. The available predictive re-aeration models are compared with the developed ANN models to identify the best-performing model. The ANN models containing water quality and hydraulic parameters outperformed the predictive re-aeration models. The study reveals that both hydraulic and water quality parameters are required to analyse the re-aeration coefficient of degraded rivers.
A Bioinformatics Perspective on the Dysregulation of Ferroptosis and Ferroptosis-related Immune Cell Infiltration in Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent dementia worldwide, but its pathophysiology and molecular events remain unknown. Herein, we first analyzed the differential expression pattern of patients' AD hippocampus through gene expression array data from the GEO database. Notch2nl, TGFB1I1, and LTF were up-regulated in AD patients, while ARPC1A, CHGB, and MPV17 down-regulated. Second, dysregulation of ferroptosis related genes was demonstrated from our data: PCBP2 and FTL significantly up-significant in AD hippocampus, while VDAC2, LPCAT3, GSS, ACSL4, and ACSL6 significantly down-regulated. The protein-protein interactions (PPI) network revealed that FTL was involved in iron metabolism and utilization, while ACSL4 and ACSL6 were involved in a polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolism network. Gene correlation analysis on differential expressed genes (DEGs) indicated that ferroptosis regulates a series of biological processes and pathways related to AD pathogenesis. Third, ferroptosis-related DEGs regulated the immune cell infiltration pattern in the AD hippocampus, characterized by decreased memory B cells, increased memory resting CD4+ T cells, memory activated CD4+ T cells, and resting NK cells. The altered expression of ferroptosis-related DEGs affected the infiltration of specific immune cell types. The model constructed by the seven ferroptosis-related differential genes may accurately predict the outcome of AD occurrence. Finally, qPCR validation on these ferroptosis-related DEGs in APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice confirmed the dysregulated expression of Pcbp2, FTL, GSS, and ACSL4 in the AD hippocampus and forebrain. In conclusion, our results supported the conception that the AD brain revealed dysregulated ferroptosis and immune cell infiltration.
Object kinetic Monte Carlo modelling of irradiation microstructures with elastic interactions

Elastic interactions between point defects and sinks, such as dislocations and cavities, affect the diffusion of point defects and are responsible for some of the features observed in microstructures under irradiation. It is therefore necessary to include elastic interactions in kinetic simulations for a quantitative prediction of material properties. In this work a method is presented to accurately and efficiently evaluate the strain field in object kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. It can handle any strain field which is biharmonic, such as the one generated by a dislocation segment or a cavity in isotropic elasticity. A speed-up of several orders of magnitude is obtained compared to the direct summation over strain sources, so that simulations over experimental time scales can be performed within reasonable computation times. The case of a thin foil containing a high density of loops under irradiation is investigated. Loop growth rates are found to depend on the loop radius, as shown experimentally, but more complex effects due to the surrounding microstructure are also highlighted.
Hydrologic implications of projected changes in rain-on-snow melt for Great Lakes Basin watersheds

Abstract. Rain-on-snow (ROS) melt events reduce the amount of water stored in the snowpack while also exacerbating flooding. The hydrologic implications of changing ROS events in a warming climate, however, are still uncertain. This research used a calibrated and validated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrologic model, modified with energy budget equations to simulate ROS melt and forced with a climate model ensemble representing moderate greenhouse gas concentrations, to simulate changes to ROS melt in the North American Great Lakes Basin from 1960–2069. The changes to ROS events between the historic period (1960–1999) and mid-century (2040–2069) represent an approximately 30 % reduction in melt in warmer, southern subbasins but less than 5 % reduction in melt in colder, northern subbasins. Additionally, proportionally more rainfall reduces the formation of snowpacks, with area-weighted combined winter and spring rain-to-snow ratios rising from approximately 1.5 historically to 1.9 by the mid-21st century. Areas with historic mean combined winter and spring air temperatures lower than −2 ∘C have ROS regimes that are resilient to mid-21st century warming projections, but ROS occurrence in areas that have mean combined winter and spring temperatures near the freezing point are sensitive to changing air temperatures. Also, relationships between changes in the timing of ROS melt and water yield endure throughout spring but become weak by summer. As the influence of ROS melt events on hydrological systems is being altered in a changing climate, these conclusions are important to inform adaptive management of freshwater ecosystems and human uses in regions of the globe that are sensitive to changes in ROS events.