Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of myocardial salvage achieved by reperfusion therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

UNLABELLED Myocardial salvage assessed by (99m)Tc-sestamibi scintigraphy is a marker of myocardial tissue reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The prognostic value of myocardial salvage index in patients with acute myocardial infarction after reperfusion therapy has not, however, been investigated. METHODS We analyzed 765 patients with acute myocardial infarction randomized to treatment by coronary stenting (383 patients), primary coronary angioplasty (251 patients), or thrombolysis (131 patients) in the setting of 3 randomized trials. Initial (before reperfusion therapy) and follow-up (7-14 d after reperfusion therapy) scintigraphic examinations were performed to assess the initial perfusion defect, final infarct size, and salvage index. Patients were categorized into 2 groups defined by the median salvage index (0.5): the group with salvage index < 0.5 (374 patients) and the group with salvage index >or= 0.5 (391 patients). The primary endpoint of the study was mortality at 6 mo after the index event. RESULTS Six-month mortality was 5.1% (19 deaths) in the group with salvage index < 0.5, compared with 1.0% (4 deaths) in the group with salvage index >or= 0.5 (odds ratio, 5.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-13.3; P = 0.001). Salvage index (median [25th, 75th percentiles] was significantly smaller in nonsurvivors than in survivors (0.19 [0.05, 0.37] vs. 0.50 [0.26, 0.80], P = 0.0004). The Cox proportional hazards model showed that myocardial salvage index (P = 0.0007), initial perfusion defect (P = 0.0007), and age (P = 0.04) were independently associated with 6-mo mortality. CONCLUSION Myocardial salvage achieved by reperfusion therapy predicts mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Our findings support the use of salvage index as a surrogate of mortality in clinical trials designed to test the efficacy of reperfusion therapies among patients with acute myocardial infarction.
GENERALIZED PROJECTION AND APPROXIMATION FOR GENERALIZED VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES SYSTEM IN BANACH SPACES

The approximate solvability of a generalized system for non-linear variational inequality in Hilbert spaces was studied, based on the convergence of projection methods. But little research was done in Banach space. The primary reason was that projection mapping lacked preferably property in Banach space. In this paper, we introduced the generalized projection methods. By using these methods, the results presented in this paper extended the main results of S. S. Chang [3] from Hilbert spaces to Banach space.
Confidence estimation for speculation control

Modern processors improve instruction level parallelism by speculation. The outcome of data and control decisions is predicted, and the operations are speculatively executed and only committed if the original predictions were correct. There are a number of other ways that processor resources could be used, such as threading or eager execution. As the use of speculation increases, we believe more processors will need some form of speculation control to balance the benefits of speculation against other possible activities. Confidence estimation is one technique that can be exploited by architects for speculation control. In this paper, we introduce performance metrics to compare confidence estimation mechanisms, and argue that these metrics are appropriate for speculation control. We compare a number of confidence estimation mechanisms, focusing on mechanisms that have a small implementation cost and gain benefit by exploiting characteristics of branch predictors, such as clustering of mispredicted branches. We compare the performance of the different confidence estimation methods using detailed pipeline simulations. Using these simulations, we show how to improve some confidence estimators, providing better insight for future investigations comparing and applying confidence estimators.
Depolarization of Radio Waves can Distinguish between Floating and Grounded Ice Sheets

Abstract Polar ice is now thought to be marginally birefringent at radio echo-sounding frequencies. An experiment on the polarization behaviour of 60 MHz radio echoes from the bed of both ice shelf and land ice in Antarctica showed a marked difference in the returned polarization. It appears that differences in electrical properties or roughness of the reflecting boundary cannot explain our results. We suggest that there is a large change in the birefringence of the ice sheet at the hinge zone, caused by the effect of tidal strain on crystal orientation. This would imply a minimum value of the radio-frequency anisotropy in permittivity for the single crystal of (0.52±0.8)%. Therefore polarization changes could allow floating and grounded ice to be distinguished.
Mariana Arc structure inferred from gravity and seismic data

A two-dimensional gravity model of the lithosphere was constructed along a seismic refraction line near 18°N latitude. Included in the model are crustal layers constrained by seismic refraction results, an estimate of the gravity anomaly caused by the subducting slab, and a model of the low-density mantle beneath the Mariana Trough. With a reasonable anomaly assumed for the slab it is shown that the gravity anomaly caused by the low-density mantle is greatest over the axial bathymetric high and tapers off to the sides. With the bottom of the low-density mantle set at 200 km the density contrast is −0.033 g/cm3. Other depths and densities are tried as well. Several notable anomalies are found on the crustal layers. East of the trench, the crust has been thinned slightly to account for an outer gravity high. Behind the landward wall of the trench, a small, low-density body is modeled to explain a slight offset of the minimum of the free air anomaly from the trench axis. A 50-mGal jump on the observed gravity over the volcanic line is explained by an unusual configuration of the frontal arc Moho.
Mining uncertain data with probabilistic guarantees

Data uncertainty is inherent in applications such as sensor monitoring systems, location-based services, and biological databases. To manage this vast amount of imprecise information, probabilistic databases have been recently developed. In this paper, we study the discovery of frequent patterns and association rules from probabilistic data under the Possible World Semantics. This is technically challenging, since a probabilistic database can have an exponential number of possible worlds. We propose two effcient algorithms, which discover frequent patterns in bottom-up and top-down manners. Both algorithms can be easily extended to discover maximal frequent patterns. We also explain how to use these patterns to generate association rules. Extensive experiments, using real and synthetic datasets, were conducted to validate the performance of our methods.
Activity, Distribution, and Diversity of Sulfate Reducers and Other Bacteria in Sediments above Gas Hydrate (Cascadia Margin, Oregon)

Cold seep environments such as sediments above outcropping hydrate at Hydrate Ridge (Cascadia margin off Oregon) are characterized by methane venting, high sulfide fluxes caused by the anaerobic oxidation of methane, and the presence of chemosynthetic communities. Recent investigations showed that another characteristic feature of cold seeps is the occurrence of methanotrophic archaea, which can be identified by specific biomarker lipids and 16S rDNA analysis. This investigation deals with the diversity and distribution of sulfate-reducing bacteria, some of which are directly involved in the anaerobic oxidation of methane as syntrophic partners of the methanotrophic archaea. The composition and activity of the microbial communities at methane vented and nonvented sediments are compared by quantitative methods including total cell counts, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), bacterial production, enzyme activity, and sulfate reduction rates. Bacteria involved in the degradation of particulate organic carbon (POC) are as active and diverse as at other productive margin sites of similar water depths. The availability of methane supports a two orders of magnitude higher microbial biomass (up to 9.6 2 10 10 cells cm m 3 ) and sulfate reduction rates (up to 8 w mol cm m 3 d m 1 ) in hydrate-bearing sediments, as well as a high bacterial diversity, especially in the group of i -proteobacteria including members of the branches Desulfosarcina/Desulfococcus , Desulforhopalus , Desulfobulbus , and Desulfocapsa . Most of the diversity of sulfate-reducing bacteria in hydrate-bearing sediments comprises seep-endemic clades, which share only low similarities with previously cultured bacteria.
Knowledge representation in scientific models and theirpublications: a case study

It is our pleasure to welcome you to the Seventh International Conference on Knowledge Capture (K-CAP2013). The K-CAP conference series provides a forum that brings together members of several research communities and practitioners who are interested in efficiently capturing knowledge from a variety of sources and in creating representations that can be useful for automated reasoning, analysis, and other forms of machine processing. Therefore, research in knowledge capture is at the intersection of areas such as knowledge engineering, machine learning, big data, natural-language processing, human-computer interaction, Artificial Intelligence, and the Semantic Web. K-CAP 2012 follows on the success of six previous conferences in 2011 (Banff, Alberta Canada), 2009 (Los Angeles, California, USA), 2007 (Whistler, British Columbia, Canada), in 2005 (Banff, Alberta, Canada), in 2003 (Sanibel Island, Florida, USA), and 2001 (Victoria, British Columbia, Canada), and of the series of Knowledge Acquisition Workshops (KAW), the first of which took place in the same location (Banff, Alberta, Canada) in 1986. The theme of this seventh edition of K-CAP is: Knowledge Capture in the Age of Massive Web Data, reflecting the times we are living in. The call for papers attracted 60 submissions from Europe, America, Asia, and Oceania. The program committee accepted 13 full papers, 4 short papers and 3 application papers, that cover a variety of topics, including ontology engineering, ontology learning, linked open data, information extraction for knowledge capture, and knowledge capture from web data including online textual and multimedia resources. In addition, this volume includes descriptions of 8 posters and demos presented at the conference. In this seventh edition of the conference we have tried to innovate in several ways Rather than only aiming at research papers, we introduced an applications track for practitioners to present application-oriented contributions. We issued a call for participation for the first K-CAP "Datathon", a "hackaton" based on Open Data. Acknowledging the worldwide economic down turn, and the pressure many research and company budgets are suffering, we set up a crowdfunding initiative to help K-CAP 2013 with extra funds (http://www.indiegogo.com/projects/k-cap- 2013). Through this initiative as well as through a standard sponsoring program, we have tried to keep the participation costs as low as possible.
FLUTE: A Flexible Real-Time Data Management Architecture for Performance Guarantees

Efficient real-time data management has become increasingly important as real-time applications become more sophisticated and data-intensive. In data-intensive real-time applications, e.g., online stock trading, agile manufacturing, sensor data fusion, and telecommunication network management, it is essential to execute transactions within their deadlines using fresh (temporally consistent) sensor data, which reflect the current real-world states. However, it is very challenging to meet this fundamental requirement due to potentially time-varying workloads and data access patterns in these applications. Also, user service requests and sensor updates can compete for system resources, thereby making it difficult to achieve guaranteed real-time database services in terms of both deadline miss ratio and data freshness. In this paper, we present a novel real-time data management architecture, which includes feedback control, admission control, and flexible update schemes, to enforce the deadline miss ratio of admitted user transactions to be below a certain threshold, e.g., 1%. At the same time, we maintain data freshness even in the presence of unpredictable workloads and access patterns. In a simulation study, we illustrate the applicability of our approach by showing that stringent performance specifications can be satisfied over a wide range of workloads and access patterns. We also show that our approach can significantly improve performance compared to baselines.
Prenatal and postnatal maternal stress and wheeze in urban children: effect of maternal sensitization.

RATIONALE Critical periods for programming early wheeze risk may include pregnancy and infancy. Effects of timing remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVES Associations among prenatal and postnatal maternal stress and children's wheeze were prospectively examined in 653 families. Effect modification by maternal sensitization was also examined. METHODS Stress was indexed by a maternal negative life events (NLEs) score (range, 0-9) ascertained during pregnancy and between 1 and 2 years postpartum. Mothers reported child wheeze every 3 months up to age 2 years. Relationships of prenatal and postnatal maternal NLEs with repeated wheeze (≥2 episodes) were examined using logistic regression adjusting for covariates. Penalized splines were implemented to explore possible nonlinear associations. We also examined the interaction between prenatal stress and maternal sensitization indexed by allergen-specific IgE from maternal prenatal serum. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Adjusted models considering prenatal or postnatal NLEs alone both showed an exposure-response relationship between higher stress and child wheeze. When considering prenatal and postnatal stress concurrently, only children of mothers with high stress in both periods were significantly more likely to wheeze (adjusted odds ratio, 3.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.67-5.53) than children of mothers reporting low stress in both periods. Associations between high prenatal stress and wheeze were significant in children born to nonsensitized mothers (any IgE <0.35 kU/L) but not in the sensitized group (P for interaction = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Although children have heightened sensitivity to maternal stress in utero and in early childhood, those with higher stress in both periods were particularly at risk for wheeze. The prenatal maternal immune milieu modified effects.
Plastidial Starch Phosphorylase in Sweet Potato Roots Is Proteolytically Modified by Protein-Protein Interaction with the 20S Proteasome

Post-translational regulation plays an important role in cellular metabolism. Earlier studies showed that the activity of plastidial starch phosphorylase (Pho1) may be regulated by proteolytic modification. During the purification of Pho1 from sweet potato roots, we observed an unknown high molecular weight complex (HX) showing Pho1 activity. The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and reverse immunoprecipitation analyses showed that HX is composed of Pho1 and the 20S proteasome. Incubating sweet potato roots at 45°C triggers a stepwise degradation of Pho1; however, the degradation process can be partially inhibited by specific proteasome inhibitor MG132. The proteolytically modified Pho1 displays a lower binding affinity toward glucose 1-phosphate and a reduced starch-synthesizing activity. This study suggests that the 20S proteasome interacts with Pho1 and is involved in the regulation of the catalytic activity of Pho1 in sweet potato roots under heat stress conditions.
Equal discussion of significant findings? Possible confirmation bias in study of alcohol advertising.

The cross-sectional study by Jones and Magee (2011) in the recent issue of this journal describes the association between exposure to a number of types of alcohol advertisements and alcohol consumption in young people in Australia. It presents many results which are consistent with studies from a number of countries, demonstrating significant increased odds of regular drinking with exposure to particular forms of alcohol advertising. With the drafting of new liquor legislation in New Zealand, this research is timely to inform the evidence-based debate about the role …
Medical Treatment of Children and Youths with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Norwegian Prescription Registry Based Study

Objectives: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a lifelong neurological condition with a profound effect on quality of life. Prescription databases may document pattern of use. In this study we aimed to explore the use in Norway employing such a database. Methods: All prescriptions on drugs for the treatment of ADHD between 2004 and 2011, as registered in the Norwegian Prescription Database (NPD) were analyzed. The following drugs were included: Amphetamine, dexamphetamine, methylphenidate and atomoxetine. In-hospital drug administration was excluded. Numbers of users per 1,000 inhabitants were calculated according to gender, age and residence. A sub-analysis compared users born in January-June with those born in July-December. Drug costs were calculated and converted into Euros (€ 1 = N.kr 7.4540). Results: Drugs for the treatment of ADHD was significantly more often prescribed in northern Norway than in any other Norwegian health region (P < 0.001). Within the northern region, Nordland County was the “culprit” (P < 0.02). Compared to Norwegian figures, significantly more females (aged 10-19 years) were treated in northern Norway [male/female ratios 3:1 and 2.2:1 (P < 0.01)] and especially in Nordland County (ratio 2.1:1). The subanalysis did not indicate a northern overtreatment of those being a younger group in their grade. The annual drug cost per user in Norway was € 919. Conclusions: The prescription rate was significantly higher in northern Norway and Nordland County was the culprit. A prescription database may be a tool for monitoring the national use of these drugs.
Self‐efficacy, symptoms and physical activity in patients with an anterior cruciate ligament injury: a prospective study

Self‐efficacy belief may be of major importance for the outcome of rehabilitation after sports‐related injuries. A new instrument, the Knee Self‐Efficacy Scale (K‐SES), was used to evaluate the role of perceived self‐efficacy in patients with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The purpose of this prospective exploratory study was to describe the patients' perceived self‐efficacy at various times post‐injury and surgery, respectively, for responsiveness of the K‐SES and to correlate the K‐SES score with the patients' subjective symptoms. The purpose was also to describe the influence of gender, age and physical activity on the patients' perceived self‐efficacy. Thirty recently injured patients with an ACL‐deficient knee and 33 patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction reported their physical activity level and their perceived self‐efficacy on four test occasions during a 1‐year period. The patients' subjective knee symptoms were documented on two of the test occasions. A significant increase in the K‐SES score was seen after injury as well as after surgery, during the course of rehabilitation. Pre‐operatively, men's perceived self‐efficacy was significantly (P=0.013) higher compared with women's self‐efficacy. Patients with a high baseline (pre‐injury) physical activity level (Tegner 7–10) perceived their self‐efficacy as being significantly (P=0.005) higher pre‐operatively compared with patients with a low baseline activity level (Tegner 3–6). “Younger” (age 17–29), recently injured patients, perceived their self‐efficacy as being significantly (P=0.034) higher compared with “older” patients (age 30–54). At the 12‐month test, 15 of 30 patients with an ACL‐deficient knee and 15 of 33 patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction reported that they had returned or nearly returned to their baseline physical activity level. The subjective knee outcome score, as measured by the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), improved significantly (P<0.01) during rehabilitation, apart from the KOOS subscale of “pain” (P=0.077) for patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction. There was a “low” to “strong” correlation (rs=0.0–0.7) between the K‐SES and the five subscales in the KOOS. We conclude from the present study that K‐SES has good responsiveness with significantly increased self‐efficacy during the rehabilitation process for patients with an ACL‐deficient knee as well as for patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction. The improvement in perceived self‐efficacy could, however, only be partly explained by the improvement in subjective symptoms. Furthermore, self‐efficacy differed significantly with gender, age and physical activity level early in the rehabilitation process.
Alanine-scanning Mutations in the “Primer Grip” of p66 HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Result in Selective Loss of RNA Priming Activity*

Alanine-scanning mutants of the primer grip region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase were tested for their ability to extend RNA and DNA versions of the polypurine tract primer, and an oligonucleotide representing the 18-nucleotide sequence at the 3′ end of tRNALys3. A majority of the mutant enzymes were either completely or severely deficient in RNA priming activity, but, with only one exception, were able to efficiently extend DNA versions of the same primers. The mutant enzymes were able to bind to RNA primers, indicating that the defect in RNA priming was not simply a loss of binding activity. Mutations at positions 229, 233, and 235 dramatically reduced the amount of specific RNase H cleavage at the 3′ terminus of the polypurine tract, which is required for primer removal. An alanine substitution at position 232 led to loss of cleavage specificity, although total activity was close to the wild-type level. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that there are residues in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase which are specifically involved in protein-nucleic acid interactions with RNA primers.
Computed‐Tomographic Measurement of Soil Macroporosity Parameters as Affected by Stiff‐Stemmed Grass Hedges

Planting stiff-stemmed grass hedges in a watershed may reduce water runoff and soil erosion, in part by altering soil macroporosity. The objective of this study was to characterize macroporosity of soils under a perennial grass hedge system for 12 yr using x-ray computed tomography (CT) and to compare CT-macroporosity results with macroporosity estimated from water retention data. Three positions were sampled: grass hedge position, deposition zone position 0.5 m upslope from grass hedges, and row crop position 7 m upslope from the hedges. Intact core samples (76 mm x 76 mm) were collected from two depths, 0 to 100 and 100 to 200 mm, with five replicates per position per depth. Number of pores (macro- and meso-), averaged across depths, in the grass hedge were nearly 2.5 times greater than those in the row crop and five times greater than in the deposition positions; however their circularity was 8.8% lower than in the row crop and 2.6% lower than in the deposition positions. The CT-measured macroporosity was significantly greater (P < 0.01) for the grass hedge position (0.056 m 3 m "') as compared with the row crop (0.014 m 3 m - 3 ) and deposition positions (0.006 m 3 m - 3 ). The fractal dimension (D) was significantly greater (P < 0.01) for the grass hedge position (D = 1.56) than in the row crop (D = 1.31) and the deposition (D = 1.12) positions. The values of all measured pore characteristics decreased with depth. Computed tomography-measured macroporosity data were comparable with macroporosity estimated from water retention data. These findings suggest that grass hedge systems have created more pores and a greater volume of macroporosity.