Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gentrification and Displacement New York City in the 1990s

Abstract Gentrification has been viewed by some as a solution to many of the problems facing older central cities. At the same time, many are wary of the potential for gentrification to displace disadvantaged residents. To date, however, surprisingly little reliable evidence has been produced about the magnitude of this problem that could guide planners, policymakers, or community-based organizations. The study described in this article attempts to fill this void by examining residential mobility among disadvantaged households in New York City during the 1990s. We found that rather than rapid displacement, gentrification was associated with slower residential turnover among these households. In New York City, during the 1990s at least, normal succession appears to be responsible for changes in gentrifying neighborhoods. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for planning.
Dilemmas of development and the environment in a globalizing world: theory, policy and praxis

Many key dilemmas in contemporary development studies centre on disjunctures between theoretical innovation, formal policy and practice. Even the very meaning of ‘development’ and its implications are today hotly contested. Questions of scale, sustainability and identity lie at the heart of debates over the supposedly homogenizing effects of pervasive globalization. Many prevailing conventional wisdoms are inadequate, and we need more nuanced and contextual approaches in addressing poverty, disempowerment, environmental degradation and other mantras of ‘development’. Particular dilemmas addressed include the translation of theoretical advances into practice; difficulties of ‘mainstreaming’ radical alternatives; the dialectics of spatial scale; environmental, economic and socio-cultural trade-offs and costs associated with change; and the developmental implications of technological innovations, particularly information and computer technologies.
Perlakuan Buli di Tempat Kerja Dalam Perkhidmatan Awam di Malaysia

The purpose of this study is to describe about workplace bullying in Public Service among government servant and to define the differences based on demography factor. It also to expose all government servants about workplace bullying because most of them cannot realize or know that have been bullying at workplace. Types of bullying on this study are personal attack,physical threats, work-related and underestimating. The result of this study show that workplace bullying happened in Malaysia public sector at lower level. Workplace bullying behaviors most always happen to government servant are being ignored or facing a hostile reaction when someone approach. According to hypothesis test show that there are significant between workplace bullying based on gender, position level and job experience. Differences between position level show that grade 1 to grade 17 are being more bullying in the workplace. For the job experience show that between 1 year to 5 year are more personal attack bullying and for the job experience between 16 year to 20 year are more underestimating bullying.
Visions for Industrial Ecology

This special feature on visions for industrial ecology originates from the Third International Conference on Eco-Efficiency, held in the Netherlands, 9–11 June 2010. For the final day of the conference, a number of people were invited to contribute a vision on key directions for the development of the domain of industrial ecology in general and on the role of eco-efficiency in particular. The results—not all presented at the conference but prepared for it—together form a special section of this issue of the Journal of Industrial Ecology, diverse and, we hope, inspiring. The subject of eco-efficiency may be seen as a technical one—as a goal in itself. It is not. It is one key to improved environmental performance of society. Combined with improved economic performance in the form of productivity growth, it may tell in which direction we are going, or might, or should go. If absolute decoupling of environmental impact from economic growth is the goal, we should know whether policies and innovations are getting us on the right track. Will unleashing resource productivity get us on the right track and avoid the Jevons paradox? Should we focus on fiscal reform to get us there? Is the innovation entry to sustainable development powerful enough, and what is driving innovations and their implementation? If degrowth, for increased happiness and environmental quality, is the goal and we wish to deviate from the unsustainable route of ever-expanding production and consumption, the same question has to be answered: Are we on the right track? “We” here refers to society at large, from a global perspective, in principle. And we know that not just marginal, small improvements are to be realized. We need more
Recognition of intellectual capital importance in the university sector

The main aim of this paper is to know the opinion of the university stakeholders regarding the importance they give to intellectual capital reporting. To this end, a questionnaire was designed and sent to every member of the Social Councils of Spanish public universities. The results of our empirical study show that the current annual accounts published by universities barely cover the information needs of the different stakeholders. These results allow us to recommend extending the limits of universitiesâ€™ annual accounts so as to include the information on intellectual capital demanded by the different stakeholders. In our opinion, the traditional accounting systems do not suffice for higher education institutions, whose value creation depends more on intellectual capital type resources. Finally, this empirical study identifies which of components of intellectual capital (human, structural and relation) is the most relevant for publication. The results show that the information most valued by the different stakeholder groups is that related to relational capital, followed by human and then lastly structural capital.
Prognostic role and clinical significance of trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 in various carcinomas

Introduction Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) has been linked to disease prognosis in various human cancers and plays a critical role in tumor development, progression, and metastasis. A number of relevant studies have been published on this topic. A meta-analysis of the latest literature to evaluate the value of TROP2 as a predictive prognosticator of cancer was performed. Methods Several online databases were searched, and relevant articles were retrieved. Overall and subcategory meta-analyses were performed, and results were collated. Results Twenty-seven articles, including 29 studies, were included, involving 4,852 cancer patients, and results showed that the above-baseline expression of TROP2 was significantly associated with poorer overall survival (OS) (pooled hazard ratio [HR]: 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.45–2.35), disease-free survival (DFS) (pooled HR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.73–4.42), and progression-free survival (PFS) (pooled HR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.25–2.35). The following clinical characteristics were also significantly linked with TROP2 overexpression: moderate/poor differentiation (pooled HR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.99–4.63), distant metastasis (pooled HR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.05–5.75), lymph node metastasis (pooled HR: 2.47, 95%: CI 1.72–3.56), and advanced TNM stage (pooled HR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.38–2.95). Conclusion TROP2 overexpression was predictive of poor prognosis in human cancers and may be an independent prognostic predictive biomarker. Further studies should be performed to confirm the significance of TROP2 in clinical practice.
THE MOZART EFFECT : AN INVESTIGATION INTO CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE LEFT AND RIGHT HEMISPHERE EMILY BAUMAN AND JEHAN COUTU

This study was conducted to examine the nature of the Mozart effect, and to determine the inter and intrahemisphere effects that lateralizing different types of musical stimuli may have on spatial-temporal reasoning. Participants were 49 college students from a small, liberal arts university in central New York. Participants were randomly assigned to a Mozart, jazz, or a control condition and asked to complete a number of paper-and-pencil and computerized tasks involving spatial transformations while music was played to alternate ears. Result show the predicted interaction between music condition and ears was observed only for the reaction times of left handers, and occurred in both the Mozart and jazz conditions. Implications for the nature of brain asymmetry among left handed individuals and for further research are discussed.
Autonomous File Sharing for Smart Environments

Smart Environment is a physical place where different kinds of devices interact meaningfully with each other to assist and support us in our everyday life. A key requirement for enabling these kinds of smart systems in physical spaces is the ability to share files autonomously between various devices in the environment. In this paper a novel solution for autonomous file sharing between heterogeneous devices is presented. Here autonomous means that the devices interact with each other seamlessly and the heterogeneity of devices and services providing file sharing is hidden from the end user. Our approach is based on presenting information about the files and file sharing protocols by using ontologies and we utilize Smart-M3 as the platform for sharing semantic information between devices in a physical space. To demonstrate our approach for autonomous file sharing in practice we have implemented a meeting application to various mobile platforms.
How is the RMB Exchange Rate Misaligned? A Recent Application of Behavioral Equilibrium Exchange Rate (BEER) to China

The aim of this paper is to estimate the degree of RMB misalignment from its equilibrium exchange rate by applying the Behavioral Equilibrium Exchange Rate (BEER) approach. We employ monthly data with reference to China's top 20 trading partners covering the period of 1997 to 2012. We find that the RMB was slightly overvalued before 2001 and significantly undervalued by up to 20 per cent in the end of 2006. There is evidence showing that the RMB approached to its equilibrium level from 2007 to 2008. However, the global financial crisis interrupted the trend of declining misalignment of RMB exchange rate. The RMB’s total misalignment increased to around 25 per cent in the mid-2011 mainly because the RMB was re-pegged to the US dollar and some currencies of China's main trading partners depreciated during the period of crisis. More recently, the degree of RMB misalignment slightly declined since 2012 when the RMB proceeded to appreciate and China’s ratio of current account surplus to GDP dropped considerably. Our findings prove that there is a trend of the RMB approaching to its equilibrium exchange rate since 2007 except for the period of crisis.
Is the Pay-Performance Relationship Always Positive?

This study examines the widespread belief that executive pay should reflect firm performance. We compile a hand-collected data set of compensation paid to executive directors of Dutch listed companies and analyze if executive compensation is indeed determined by firm performance. A variety of accounting-based and capital market-based performance measures are used. The analysis also encompasses both contemporaneous and lagged relationships, and controls for firm, time and industry characteristics. Our robust empirical analysis fails to detect a positive pay-performance relationship. The finding questions the conventional wisdom that executive pay helps to align shareholder interests with those of managers. It is consistent with the view that powerful managers can influence their own pay. The results of the study suggest that other means of resolving agency problems and novel explanations of executive compensation may provide useful insights.
Quantum mechanics: The Bayesian theory generalized to the space of Hermitian matrices

We consider the problem of gambling on a quantum experiment and enforce rational behavior by a few rules. These rules yield, in the classical case, the Bayesian theory of probability via duality theorems. In our quantum setting, they yield the Bayesian theory generalized to the space of Hermitian matrices. This very theory is quantum mechanics: in fact, we derive all its four postulates from the generalized Bayesian theory. This implies that quantum mechanics is self-consistent. It also leads us to reinterpret the main operations in quantum mechanics as probability rules: Bayes' rule (measurement), marginalization (partial tracing), independence (tensor product). To say it with a slogan, we obtain that quantum mechanics is the Bayesian theory in the complex numbers.
Adapting to Climate Change at the Local Level: The Spatial Planning Response

Abstract Climate change is a major issue for all levels of government, global, national and local. Local authorities' responses to climate change have tended to concentrate on their role in reducing greenhouse gases. However, the scientific consensus is that we also need to adapt to unavoidable climate change. Spatial planning at a local level has a critical anticipatory role to play in promoting robust adaptation. This paper reviews the shift in local authorities' planning policies for climate change adaptation in the UK since 2000, and provides evidence of underlying attitudes amongst planning professionals to climate change. It shows that, while the issue of climate change is becoming recognized with respect to flood risk, the wider implications (for instance, for biodiversity and water resources) are not yet integrated into plans. The reasons for this lie in lack of political support and lack of engagement of the planning profession with climate change networks. But the paper also argues there are difficulties in acknowledging the need for adaptation at the local level, with the short-term horizons of local plans at odds with perceptions of the long-term implications of climate change.
Sensitivity to silthiofam, tebuconazole and difenoconazole of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici isolates from China.

BACKGROUND Wheat take-all caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) has become an emerging threat to wheat production in the last few years. Silthiofam is very effective against Ggt, and recently it has been widely used for the control of take-all in China. However, farmers have noted a decline in control efficacy with this compound in some wheat fields, suggesting that the pathogen may have developed resistance to silthiofam. RESULTS Of the 66 Ggt isolates collected from different locations in China, 27 were resistant to silthiofam. There was no cross-resistance between silthiofam and tecuconazole or difenoconazole. The effectiveness of silthiofam in controlling take-all was compromised on wheat inoculated with silthiofam-resistant isolates. Based on the DNA fingerprinting generated by microsatellite PCR, two predominant genetic clusters were found among these isolates and were clearly associated with the sensitivity to silthiofam. CONCLUSION Silthiofam has a high risk in the development of resistance in Ggt. Tebuconazole and difenoconazole show great potential for control of take-all on wheat. Results from this study provide useful information for take-all control and the management of fungicide resistance.
The Phantom Profits of the Opera: Nonprofit Ownership in the Arts as a Make-Buy Decision

This article applies contract-theory to explain why nonprofits exist and how they compete for profits. Existing theories about nonprofits either assume that nonprofit organizations engage in "unprofitable" businesses and therefore rely on philanthropy and altruism, or that nonprofits can overcome severe informational asymmetries that for-profits cannot. Instead, I argue that nonprofits arise when consumers integrate into production; consumers, supported by institutions, organize to produce a nonrival good for their own consumption, and in so doing are able to achieve first-best. This modeling approach, developed in the context of classical performing arts, may have application in other industries in which nonprofits compete, such as health care, research and development (R&D), and education. Copyright 2001 by Oxford University Press.
Enhancing engraftment of cord blood cells via insight into the biology of stem/progenitor cell function

Cord blood (CB) transplantation has been used over the last 24 years to treat patients with malignant and nonmalignant disorders. CB has its advantages and disadvantages compared with other sources of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) for transplantation. More knowledge of the cytokines and intracellular signaling molecules regulating HSCs and HPCs could be used to modulate these regulators for clinical benefit. This review provides information about the general field of CB transplantation and about studies from the author's laboratory that focus on regulation of HSCs and HPCs by CD26/DPPIV, SDF‐1/CXCL12, the Rheb2‐mTOR pathway, SIRT1, DEK, cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors, and cytokines/growth factors. Cryopreservation of CB HSCs and HPCs is also briefly discussed.
The effect of a mandated accounting change on the capitalization process

We hypothesize that a mandated accounting change (MAC) that disallows the deferral of revenues or capitalization of expenditures causes the aggregate deferred revenue and capitalized expenditure flows to fall below their levels prior to the change. In addition, the deferred revenue or capitalized expenditure flows after a MAC will exceed the pre-MAC levels that would have resulted from formerly capitalizing or deferring these items. We discuss using deferred tax flows as a proxy for a firm's level of capitalization and deferral. Finally, we test our hypothesis by examining changes in deferred tax flows for a sample of firms that capitalized research and development costs prior to the promulgation of FAS2. The test results indicate that managers actively restored revenue flows and capitalized expenditures for the period immediately following FAS2. Second, smaller firms appear to be more active in this restoration process than larger firms. Finally, the decline in the rate of growth of depreciation for capitalizing firms suggests that managers may have influenced the capitalization of costs to restore earnings to pre-FAS2 levels. Resume. Les auteurs posent l'hypothese selon laquelle une modification comptable non discretionnaire (MCND) par suite de l'interdiction du report de produits ou de la capitalisation de depenses fait en sorte que les flux globaux des produits reportes et des depenses capitalisees diminuent au-dessous des niveaux qu'ils affichaient avant la modification. En outre, les flux de produits reportes ou de depenses capitalisees apres une MCND excederont les niveaux qui auraient resulte de la capitalisation ou du report de ces elements avant la MCND. Les auteurs traitent de l'utilisation des flux d'impot reporte d'une entreprise a litre de substitut du niveau de capitalisation et de report. Enfin, ils verifient leur hypothese en examinant les changements des flux d'impot reporte pour un echantillon d'entreprises qui ont capitalise leurs frais de recherche et de developpement avant la promulgation par le FASB de la Norme no2. Les resultats du test indiquent que les gestionnaires ont activement retabli les flux de produits reportes et de depenses capitalisees pendant la periode suivant immediatement la Norme no 2. Deuxiemement, les entreprises plus petites semblent plus enclines a operer ce processus de retablissement que les entreprises plus grandes. Enfin, le declin du taux de croissance de l'amortissement pour les entreprises qui recourent a la capitalisation donne a penser que les gestionnaires peuvent avoir joue sur la capitalisation des couts pour ramener les benefices a leurs niveaux anterieurs a la Norme no2.
Scalable and small-sized power analyzer design with signal-averaging noise reduction for low-power IoT devices

Power analysis for IoT devices is strongly required to reduce power consumption and realize secure communications. In this paper, we propose a scalable and small-sized power analyzer with signal-averaging noise reduction for low-power IoT devices. The proposed power analyzer reduces a wide frequency range of noises by using a signal averaging method and is implemented on just a 2cmx3cm board, which is the smallest size among the other existing power analyzers for IoT devices. It further has the following advantages: (a) It has a two-level amplifier that amplifies current signals adaptively depending on their magnitude. Hence maximum readable current can be increased with keeping minimum readable current small enough. (b) If long-time analysis is required, it can be partitioned into several analysis segments. The proposed power analyzer can measure currents and voltages of each analysis segment by using a small amount of data memories. After that, by combining these analysis segments using a timer module, we can obtain long-time analysis results. We have analyzed power and energy consumption of encryption processes of AES block cipher on the IoT device and demonstrated that the proposed power analyzer has only 1.8% measurement error compared with a high-precision oscilloscope.
VALS As A Tool of Tourism Market Research: The Pennsylvania Experience

The use of lifestyle research by corporations for marketing purposes has gained popularity in recent years. However, VALS analysis value and lifestyle analysis as a marketing tool has never been fully explored by researchers in the travel industry. The Pennsylvania Bureau of Travel Development's incorporation of the VALS program into its tourism mar ket study is one such attempt. Complementary to the bureau's annual tracking study, VALS provides new insights into consumer behavior relating to tourism development, enabling the bureau to have a better understanding of the market conditions and to improve the marketing strategies. This article focuses on the concept of VALS and the research findings on the VALS analysis relating to Pennsylvania as a trip destination.
Stock Price Dynamics and Firm Size: An Empirical investigation

The authors show that after controlling for the effects of bid-ask spreads and trading volume the conditional future volatility of equity returns is negatively related to the level of stock price. This "leverage effect" is stronger for small, as compared to large, firms. The authors also document that while the essential characteristics of the relations between stock price dynamics and firm size are stable, the strengths of the relationships appear to change over time. Copyright 1992 by American Finance Association.
Adopting Price-Level Targeting under Imperfect Credibility

This paper measures the welfare gains of switching from inflation-targeting to price-level targeting under imperfect credibility. Vestin (2006) shows that when the monetary authority cannot commit to future policy, price-level targeting yields higher welfare than inflation targeting. We revisit this issue by introducing imperfect credibility, which is modeled as gradual adjustment of the private sector's beliefs about the policy change. We find that gains from switching to pricelevel targeting, if any, are small.