Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards an Analysis Tool for AKL

We present a method for analysis of AKL in the spirit of abstract interpretation that strictly separates the setting up of the abstract semantic equations and the solving of these equations. The fact that AKL has concurrent semantics makes this separation particularly attractive. This document reports work in progress. It is deliverable number D.WP. 1.6. 1.M1. 1 in the ESPRIT project ParForce 6707. A final report on the work is expected in July 1994.
FCDD: A Database for Fruit Crops Diseases

Fruit Crops Diseases Database (FCDD) requires a number of biotechnology and bioinformatics tools. The FCDD is a unique bioinformatics resource that compiles information about 162 details on fruit crops diseases, diseases type, its causal organism, images, symptoms and their control. The FCDD contains 171 phytochemicals from 25 fruits, their 2D images and their 20 possible sequences. This information has been manually extracted and manually verified from numerous sources, including other electronic databases, textbooks and scientific journals. FCDD is fully searchable and supports extensive text search. The main focus of the FCDD is on providing possible information of fruit crops diseases, which will help in discovery of potential drugs from one of the common bioresource-fruits. The database was developed using MySQL. The database interface is developed in PHP, HTML and JAVA. FCDD is freely available. Availability http://www.fruitcropsdd. com/
EIT and TRACE responses to flare plasma

Aims. To understand the contribution of active region and flare plasmas to the λ195 channels of SOHO/EIT (Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope) and TRACE (Transition Region and Coronal Explorer). Methods. We have analysed an M8 flare simultaneously observed by the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS), EIT, TRACE and RHESSI. We obtained synthetic spectra for the flaring region and an outer region using the differential emission measures (DEM) of emitting plasma based on CDS and RHESSI observations and the CHIANTI atomic database. We then predicted the EIT and TRACE count rates. Results. For the flaring region, both EIT and TRACE images taken through the λ195 filter are dominated by Fe XXIV (formed at about 20 MK). However, in the outer region, the emission was primarily due to the Fe XII, with substantial contributions from other lines. The average count rate for the outer region was within 25% the observed value for EIT, while for TRACE it was a factor of two higher. For the flare region, the predicted count rate was a factor of two (in case of EIT) and a factor of three (in case of TRACE) higher than the actual count rate. Conclusions. During a solar flare, both TRACE and EIT λ195 channels are found to be dominated by Fe XXIV emission. Reasonable agreement between predictions and observations is found, however some discrepancies need to be further investigated.
The Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “Ecstasy”)

The amphetamine derivative (±)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is a popular recreational drug among young people, particularly those involved in the dance culture. MDMA produces an acute, rapid enhancement in the release of both serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine from nerve endings in the brains of experimental animals. It produces increased locomotor activity and the serotonin behavioral syndrome in rats. Crucially, it produces dose-dependent hyperthermia that is potentially fatal in rodents, primates, and humans. Some recovery of 5-HT stores can be seen within 24 h of MDMA administration. However, cerebral 5-HT concentrations then decline due to specific neurotoxic damage to 5-HT nerve endings in the forebrain. This neurodegeneration, which has been demonstrated both biochemically and histologically, lasts for months in rats and years in primates. In general, other neurotransmitters appear unaffected. In contrast, MDMA produces a selective long-term loss of dopamine nerve endings in mice. Studies on the mechanisms involved in the neurotoxicity in both rats and mice implicate the formation of tissue-damaging free radicals. Increased free radical formation may result from the further breakdown of MDMA metabolic products. Evidence for the occurrence of MDMA-induced neurotoxic damage in human users remains equivocal, although some biochemical and functional data suggest that damage may occur in the brains of heavy users. There is also some evidence for long-term physiological and psychological changes occurring in human recreational users. However, such evidence is complicated by the lack of knowledge of doses ingested and the fact that many subjects studied are or have been poly-drug users.
Making Every Bit Count in Wide-Area Analytics

Many data sets, such as system logs, are generated from widely distributed locations. Current distributed systems often discard this data because they lack the ability to backhaul it efficiently, or to do anything meaningful with it at the distributed sites. This leads to lost functionality, efficiency, and business opportunities. The problem with traditional backhaul approaches is that they are slow and costly, and require analysts to define the data they are interested in up-front. We propose a new architecture that stores data at the edge (i.e., near where it is generated) and supports rich real-time and historical queries on this data, while adjusting data quality to cope with the vagaries of wide-area bandwidth. In essence, this design transforms a distributed data collection system into a distributed data analysis system, where decisions about collection do not preclude decisions about analysis.
Reflections on Pediatric High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation From a Physiologic Perspective

Mechanical ventilation using low tidal volumes has become universally accepted to prevent ventilator-induced lung injury. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) allows pulmonary gas exchange using very small tidal volume (1–2 mL/kg) with concomitant decreased risk of atelectrauma. However, its use in pediatric critical care varies between only 3% and 30% of all ventilated children. This might be explained by the fact that the beneficial effect of HFOV on patient outcome has not been ascertained. Alternatively, in contrast with present recommendations, one can ask if HFOV has been employed in its most optimal fashion related especially to the indications for and timing of HFOV, as well as to using the best oscillator settings. The first was addressed in one small randomized study showing that early use of HFOV, instead of rescue use, was associated with improved survival. From a physiologic perspective, the oscillator settings could be refined. Lung volume is the main determinant of oxygenation in diffuse alveolar disease, suggesting using an open-lung strategy by recruitment maneuvers, although this is in practice not custom. Using such an approach, the patient can be oscillated on the deflation limb of the pressure-volume (P-V) curve, allowing less pressure required to maintain a certain amount of lung volume. Gas exchange is determined by the frequency and the oscillatory power setting, controlling the magnitude of the membrane displacement. Experimental work as well as preliminary human data have shown that it is possible to achieve the smallest tidal volume with concomitant adequate gas exchange when oscillating at high frequency and high fixed power setting. Future studies are needed to validate these novel approaches and to evaluate their effect on patient outcome.
The K‐ras mutation pattern in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma usually is identical to that in associated normal, hyperplastic, and metaplastic ductal epithelium

Hyperplastic ductal lesions of the pancreas are believed to represent precursors of ductal adenocarcinoma. The most frequent mutation in manifest ductal carcinoma of the pancreas is the K‐ras mutation at codon 12. The frequency and significance of this mutation in precursor lesions are a matter of controversy.
Towards adaptive anomaly detection in cellular mobile networks

Location information is an important feature of users' mobility profile in cellular mobile networks. In this paper, continuing our existing work on constructing a mobility-based anomaly detection scheme, we further address a challenging problem - how to adaptively adjust the detection threshold of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) in the context of cellular mobile networks. This is especially critical when we consider the different mobility patterns demonstrated by the mobile users. Utilizing a high order Markov model, we apply a weighted blending scheme to compute the entropy of our Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) based mobility trie. This reflection of the uncertainness of the users' normal profile could help us adaptively adjust the detection threshold of our anomaly detection algorithm. Simulation results show that our proposed adaptive mechanisms can further reduce the false positive rate without decreasing the detection rate. Detailed analysis of the simulation results is also provided.
Estrogen Receptor Knock-Out Mice: Molecular and Endocrine Phenotypes

Using gene-targeting techniques, transgenic, knock-out (KO) mice, homozygous for the disrupted estrogen receptor α (αERKO) and β gene (βERKO) have been produced. Estrogen receptor (ER) β expression does not appear to be dependent on ER α expression. Progesterone receptor (PR) mRNA is detected in αERKO mice and appears to have both estrogen-independent and -dependent gene regulation. The phenotypic differences in αERKO and βERKO mice are described. Additional studies will further define the specific roles of ER α and ER β in various tissues.
Optimization of a Coplanar Waveguide-Fed Ultra-Wideband Monopole-Like Slot Antenna

The design of ultrawideband phased antenna arrays is very important in applications like surveillance and security systems, where the real-time reconfigurability of radiation properties of the antenna is required. In order to avoid the presence of grating lobes in the array pattern, the distance between adjacent elements must be smaller than "lambda/2" at the highest operational frequency. Therefore, the design of electrically small UWB elements able to satisfy such a constraint is mandatory. In this framework, the objective of the project activity is the optimization of the "Coplanar Waveguide-Fed Ultra-Wideband Monopole-Like Slot Antenna" in order to: -match the antenna over the UWB bandwidth 6-18 [Ghz] -obtain an antenna with an electrical size <= "lambda/2" @ 18 [Ghz] (lambda/2 @ 18 [Ghz] ~ 8.2 [mm]) -maximize the antenna gain over the band of interest
Growth performance, metabolic and endocrine traits, and absorptive capacity in neonatal calves fed either colostrum or milk replacer at two levels.

Colostrum (CO) contains high amounts, whereas whole milk and milk replacer (MR) contain small amounts, of bioactive and growth-promoting substances, such as IGF-I. An experiment was designed to study the effects of feeding CO or MR on the first 3 d to neonatal calves, followed by whole milk up to d 7, at low and high density. Intestinal absorptive capacity, plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations, and growth performance were measured during the 1st wk of life. Body weight increased (P < .05) similarly in calves fed low or high amounts of CO but did not rise in MR-fed calves. Loose feces were more frequent (P < .05) and absorption of xylose on d 5 was lower (P < .01) in MR- than in CO-fed calves, but there were no effects of feeding density within CO-fed or within MR-fed groups. However, high feeding density within CO-fed groups enhanced (P < .05) total protein, globulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, and insulin concentrations, whereas in the initially high and low MR-fed groups only plasma glucose and insulin after the first meal and plasma NEFA on d 2 were modified (P < .05) by different feeding density. Thus, feeding different amounts of CO partly influenced protein and fat metabolism in calves during the 1st wk of life, but it did not measurably affect intestinal function. However, feeding different amounts of MR, in the absence of CO, barely affected metabolic and endocrine traits and absorptive capacity. Thus, high density CO feeding, and therefore a high supply of nutrients, together with greater amounts of bioactive and growth-promoting substances influenced neonatal metabolism and growth more than a high density of MR feeding containing only small amounts of bioactive and growth-promoting substances. Factors in addition to nutrient density seem to be important for the development of neonatal calves.
Evaluation of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time mixing studies using an estimated factor correction method

Mixing studies for prolonged prothrombin time (PT)/activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) are used to estimate whether the prolongation is due to an inhibitor or factor deficiency. We propose a new method of mixing study interpretation based on estimation of average factor level changes. Factor level vs. PT/aPTT curves were prepared for single factor, vitamin K-dependent factor, and all factor deficiencies. These curves were used to predict the factor level in the sample and the correction needed to differentiate deficiencies from inhibitors. We compared this estimated factor correction (EFC) method to normal range, percentage correction, and Rosner index. For a given factor level, multiple factor deficiencies prolonged the PT/aPTT more than single factor deficiency, necessitating different thresholds for defining correction on mixing studies. The EFC method was superior to other the correction methods, correctly identifying 38 of 39 known inhibitors, single and multiple factor deficiencies, and correctly identifying inhibitor vs. deficiency in 50 of 59 patient samples. In 99 adult patient mixing studies over 18 months, 30% showed deficiency only, 30% inhibitor only, whereas 40% showed evidence of both. The EFC method for PT/aPTT mixing study interpretation was more accurate than the comparison methods at determining deficiency versus inhibitor.
The ubiquitin E3 ligase POSH regulates calcium homeostasis through spatial control of Herp

The ubiquitin (Ub) domain protein Herp plays a crucial role in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We now show that Herp is a substrate as well as an activator of the E3 Ub ligase POSH. Herp-mediated POSH activation requires the Ubl domain and exclusively promotes lysine-63–linked polyubiquitination. Confocal microscopy demonstrates that Herp resides mostly in the trans-Golgi network, but, shortly after calcium perturbation by thapsigargin (Tpg), it appears mainly in the ER. Substitution of all lysine residues within the Ubl domain abolishes lysine-63–linked polyubiquitination of Herp in vitro and calcium-induced Herp relocalization that is also abrogated by the overexpression of a dominant-negative POSHV14A. A correlation exists between the kinetics of Tpg-induced Herp relocalization and POSH-dependent polyubiquitination. Finally, the overexpression of POSH attenuates, whereas the inhibition of POSH by the expression of POSHV14A or by RNA interference enhances Tpg-induced calcium burst. Altogether, these results establish a critical role for POSH-mediated ubiquitination in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis through the spatial control of Herp.
Very high levels of soluble CD30 recognize the patients with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma retaining a very poor prognosis

Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the prognostic role of pretreatment serum levels of soluble CD30 (sCD30) in patients with advanced stage classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) treated with adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine or equivalent regimens. Methods: We identified 321 previously untreated patients with cHL who presented to the participating centers between 1985 and 2002, and had serum samples available for the determination of sCD30 levels. Results: With a median follow‐up of 72 months, the actuarial 5‐year overall survival was 82%, and failure‐free survival (FFS) was 71%. The median serum level of sCD30 was 65 U/mL (range: 1–2230), and was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) when compared with a group of 113 healthy controls (4 U/mL, range: 0–20). Increasing level of sCD30 was associated with a continuous worsening of FFS and OS, and patients with sCD30 ≥200 U/mL had a 5‐year FFS of 39%. With multivariate analysis, sCD30, Ann Arbor stage, and lactic acid dehydrogenase were significant independent factors in terms of FFS. The association of the above‐mentioned three independent prognostic variables could discriminate 22% of patients with 5‐year FFS of 40%. Conclusions: Our data confirm the independent prognostic role of sCD30 in identifying the patients with high risk of treatment failure, and show that its association with other variables can recognize patients with FFS considerably lower than 50%.
Muscle power factors and VO2max as determinants of horizontal and uphill running performance

This study was carried out to investigate the importance of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and so‐called muscle power factors relating to neuromuscular and anaerobic characteristics as determinants of peak horizontal and uphill treadmill running velocity (Vmax). Muscle power factors were measured as peak velocity (VMART) and blood lactate concentration (BlaMART) in a maximal anaerobic running test and as maximal 30‐m run velocity (V30m). Seven middle‐distance runners, eight triathletes and eight cross‐country skiers performed an incremental VO2max‐test at horizontal (subscript max0) and 7° uphill (subscript max7) and the MART at 3° uphill on a treadmill and V30m‐test on a track. The MART consisted of n · 20‐s runs with a 100‐s recovery between the runs and the velocity was increased by 0.41 m · s−1 for each consecutive run until exhaustion. At 0° Vmax was significantly higher but VO2max, ventilation and Bla were significantly lower than at 7° inclination. Vmax0 correlated with VMART (r=0.85, P<0.001), Blamax0 (r=0.49, P<0.05) and V30m (r=0.78, P<0.001) but not with VO2max0. Vmax7 correlated with VO2max7 (r=0.78, P<0.001), VMART (r=0.61, P<0.01) and V30m (r=0.53, P<0.05). VMART correlated with BlaMART (r=0.71, P<0.01) and V30m (r=0.96, P<0.001) but not with VO2max0 or VO2max7. Middle‐distance runners had a significantly (P<0.001) higher Vmax0, VMART, BlaMART and V30m than triathletes and cross‐country skiers, but no significant differences were found between the three groups in VO2max0, VO2max7 or Vmax7. We conclude that so‐called muscle power factors, e.g. VMART, V30m and BlaMART, contribute to peak treadmill running performance and especially to horizontal running performance and that VO2max contributes more to uphill than horizontal running performance.
Therapeutic Depletion of Natural Killer Cells Controls Persistent Infection

ABSTRACT Persistent viral infections are associated with host and viral factors that impair effective antiviral immunity. Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to establishment of persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in mice through suppression of virus-specific T cell responses during the first few days of infection, but NK cell depletion during those early time points can enable severe T cell-mediated immune pathology and death of the host. Here we show that long after their peak in cytolytic activation, NK cells continue to support viral persistence at later times of infection. Delayed depletion of NK cells, 2 to 3 weeks after infection, enhanced virus-specific T cell responses and viral control. This enhancing effect of delayed NK cell depletion on antiviral immunity, in contrast to early NK cell depletion, was not associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and mice quickly regained weight after treatment. The efficacy of the depletion depended in part upon the size of the original virus inoculum, the viral load at the time of depletion, and the presence of CD4 T cells. Each of these factors is an important contributor to the degree of CD8 T cell dysfunction during viral persistence. Thus, NK cells may continuously contribute to exhaustion of virus-specific T cells during chronic infection, possibly by depleting CD4 T cells. Targeting of NK cells could thus be considered in combination with blockade of other immunosuppressive pathways, such as the interleukin-10 (IL-10) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) pathways, as a therapy to cure chronic human infections, including those with HIV or hepatitis C virus. IMPORTANCE Persistent virus infections are a major threat to global human health. The capacity of viruses, including HIV and hepatitis C virus, to overwhelm or subvert host immune responses contributes to a prolonged state of dampened antiviral immune functionality, which in turn facilitates viral persistence. Recent efforts have focused on therapeutics that can restore the effector functions of these functionally exhausted virus-specific T cells in order to expedite viral clearance. Here we establish that natural killer (NK) cells actively contribute to immune dysfunction and viral persistence at later stages of infection. This previously undescribed mechanism of immune suppression during chronic infection provides a vital clue for the design of novel therapeutic strategies targeting NK cell immunosuppressive activity in order to restore immune function and enhance viral control in chronically infected individuals.
Introduction to Small-Angle Neutron Scattering and Neutron Reflectometry

4 Analysis of Small Angle Scattering Data 10 4.1 Model Independent Analysis . 10 4.1. 1 The Scattering Invariant . 10 4.1. 2 Porod Scattering . 11 4.1. 3 Guinier Analysis . 11 4.2 Model Dependent Analysis . 12 4.2. 1 The Form Factor for Spheres . 13 4.2. 2 The Form Factor for Cylinders . 14 4.3 Contrast Variation . 15 4.4 Polydispersity . 15
Dynamic hardware plugins in an FPGA with partial run-time reconfiguration

Tools and a design methodology have been developed to support partial run-time reconfiguration of FPGA logic on the Field Programmable Port Extender. High-speed Internet packet processing circuits on this platform are implemented as Dynamic Hardware Plugin (DHP) modules that fit within a specific region of an FPGA device. The PARBIT tool has been developed to transform and restructure bitfiles created by standard computer aided design tools into partial bitsteams that program DHPs. The methodology allows the platform to hot-swap application-specific DHP modules without disturbing the operation of the rest of the system.
Deep Dependency Substructure-Based Learning for Multidocument Summarization

Most extractive style topic-focused multidocument summarization systems generate a summary by ranking textual units in multiple documents and extracting a proper subset of sentences biased to the given topic. Usually, the textual units are simply represented as sentences or n-grams, which do not carry deep syntactic and semantic information. This article presents a novel extractive topic-focused multidocument summarization framework. The framework proposes a new kind of more meaningful and informative units named frequent Deep Dependency Sub-Structure (DDSS) and a topic-sensitive Multi-Task Learning (MTL) model for frequent DDSS ranking. Given a document set, first, we parse all the sentences into deep dependency structures with a Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) parser and mine the frequent DDSSs after semantic normalization. Then we employ a topic-sensitive MTL model to learn the importance of these frequent DDSSs. Finally, we exploit an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation and use the frequent DDSSs as the essentials for summary extraction. Experimental results on two DUC datasets demonstrate that our proposed approach can achieve state-of-the-art performance. Both the DDSS information and the topic-sensitive MTL model are validated to be very helpful for topic-focused multidocument summarization.