Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mild traumatic brain injury augments innate immune responses through neurokinin and cholinergic signaling

Pneumonia is the second leading cause of disability-adjusted life-years lost worldwide and the eighth leading cause of death in the United States. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients have classically been considered immunosuppressed, but recent research reported that mild head trauma patients have reduced incidence of pneumonia compared to blunt trauma patients. Using our mild TBI model followed by bacterial pneumonia, we investigated the effect of neuronal signaling on innate immune function. To test whether any mild injury primes host immune responses to pneumonia, we generated a mild tail trauma (TT) model. mTBI mice showed protection from bacterial pneumonia while TT mice did not. Using an FDA-approved neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) antagonist,
Bulk Transfer Capacity Estimation in IPv6 Networks

Bulk transfer capacity (BTC) is a measure of the sustainable data throughput on a network path that is subject to congestion control algorithms, such as those used by the transmission control protocol (TCP). BTC is an important network performance metric because the vast majority of all traffic, typically around 95% of all packets, is conveyed by TCP. The performance of many Internet-based services is thus largely dependant on the BTC of the underlying network path. This paper proposes a novel tool, ReturnFlow6, for estimating the BTC of an IPv6 network path, conducted from a single point to a non-instrumented target. In order to verify the realistic operation of ReturnFlow6i a series of BTC measurements are conducted on a test network and a 'live' intranet. The results are presented, analyzed and compared against the output of BTC estimation techniques for IPv4, permitting the relative advantages and disadvantages of each approach to be established
Comparative studies of Feature Extraction methods with application to face recognition

In face recognition, the dimensionality of raw data is very high, dimension reduction (feature extraction) should be applied before classification. There exist several feature extraction methods, commonly used are principle component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) techniques. In this paper, we present a comparative study of some feature extraction methods for face recognition in the same conditions. The methods evaluated here include eigenfaces, kernel principal component analysis (KPCA), fisherfaces, direct linear discriminant analysis (D-LDA), regularized linear discriminant analysis (R-LDA), and kernel direct discriminant analysis (KDDA). For the purpose of comparison on feature extraction methods, we adopt nearest neighbor (NN) algorithm from existed classifiers of face recognition, since this classifier is common and simpleness. Empirical studies are conducted to evaluate these feature extraction methods with images from ORL Face Database, and it is found that in most cases LDA-based methods are efficient than PCA-based ones.
Communication Tools and Project Success in Complex Outsourced IT Projects

Web 2.0 technologies, such as shared documents, Wikis, and virtual social networks, are increasingly used for communication in complex IT projects. In this study, we apply the boundary spanning theoretical perspective and Carlile’s (2002) model of boundary complexity to investigate how these tools relate to projects’ outcomes, and analyze the characteristics of the projects and organizations where these tools are adopted. The analysis is based on post-hoc field data collected from client side project managers through an online cross sectional survey. We observed higher level of reflection on communication practices among adopters of Web 2.0 tools. We also found that, along with reflection, the freedom to choose and alter communication tools, strong leadership and approaching clientvendor communication as negotiation of new knowledge (the “pragmatic” level of Carlile’s model) are strongly associated with project success for Web 2.0 adopters; this is not the case for projects where Web 2.0 tools have never been tried. This work provides evidence of the value of the boundary spanning conceptual approach to communication and particularly to Carlile’s model of boundary complexity. Practitioners will gain a better understanding of how tools that support higher levels of communication complexity contribute to a project’s success.
Bandits with an Edge

We consider a bandit problem over a graph where the rewards are not directly observed. Instead, the decision maker can compare two nodes and receive (stochastic) information pertaining to the difference in their value. The graph structure describes the set of possible comparisons. Consequently, comparing between two nodes that are relatively far requires estimating the difference between every pair of nodes on the path between them. We analyze this problem from the perspective of sample complexity: How many queries are needed to find an approximately optimal node with probability more than $1-\delta$ in the PAC setup? We show that the topology of the graph plays a crucial in defining the sample complexity: graphs with a low diameter have a much better sample complexity.
on Medication Treatment of Childhood Major Depressive Disorder

Objectives: To develop consensus guidelines for medication treatment algorithms for childhood major depressive disorder (MDD) based on scientific evidence and clinical opinion when science is lacking.The ultimate goal of this approach is to synthesize research and clinical experience for the practitioner and to increase the uniformity of preferred treatment for childhood MDD. A final goal is to develop an approach that can be tested as to whether it improves clinical outcomes for children and adolescents with MDD. Method: A consensus conference was held. Participants included academic clinicians and researchers, practicing clinicians, administrators, consumers, and families.The focus was to review and use clinical evidence to recommend specific pharmacological approaches for treatment of MDD in children and adolescents. After a series of presentations of current research evidence and panel discussion, the consensus panel met, agreed on assumptions, and drafted the algorithms. The process initially addressed strategies of treatment and then tactics to implement the strategies. Results: Consensually agreed-upon algorithms for major depressions (with and without psychosis) and comorbid attention deficit disorders were developed. Treatment strategies emphasized the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The algorithm consists of systematic strategies for treatment interventions and recommended tactics for implementation of the strategies, including medication augmentation and medication combinations. Participants recommended prospective evaluation of the algorithms in various public sector settings, and many volunteered as sites for such an evaluation. Conclusions: Using scientific and clinical experience, consensus-derived algorithms for children and adolescents with MDD can be developed. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatq 1999, 38(11):1442-1454. Key Words: medication algorithm, childhood disorders, major depressive disorder, medication consensus conference, childhood psychopharmacology, child and adolescent depression.
Neoangiogenesis in the Peritoneal Membrane

Objective This study reviews relevant publications on the peritoneal vasculature and tries to establish morphological–functional relationships. Design The design is a review article. Results Recent morphological studies in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients have shown the presence of diabetiform neoangiogenesis in long-term peritoneal dialysis. The same abnormalities could be induced in rats administered a high glucose dialysis solution daily for 20 weeks. The animals showed functional abnormalities in peritoneal transport similar to those found in long-term PD patients. Evidence was obtained in patients that vascular endothelial growth factor could be involved in glucose-induced peritoneal neoangiogenesis. Conclusions Diabetiform peritoneal neoangiogenesis is an important pathogenetic factor in ultrafiltration failure in long-term peritoneal dialysis patients.
Autism spectrum disorder in adults: diagnosis, management, and health services development

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by pervasive difficulties since early childhood across reciprocal social communication and restricted, repetitive interests and behaviors. Although early ASD research focused primarily on children, there is increasing recognition that ASD is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder. However, although health and education services for children with ASD are relatively well established, service provision for adults with ASD is in its infancy. There is a lack of health services research for adults with ASD, including identification of comorbid health difficulties, rigorous treatment trials (pharmacological and psychological), development of new pharmacotherapies, investigation of transition and aging across the lifespan, and consideration of sex differences and the views of people with ASD. This article reviews available evidence regarding the etiology, legislation, diagnosis, management, and service provision for adults with ASD and considers what is needed to support adults with ASD as they age. We conclude that health services research for adults with ASD is urgently warranted. In particular, research is required to better understand the needs of adults with ASD, including health, aging, service development, transition, treatment options across the lifespan, sex, and the views of people with ASD. Additionally, the outcomes of recent international legislative efforts to raise awareness of ASD and service provision for adults with ASD are to be determined. Future research is required to identify high-quality, evidence-based, and cost-effective models of care. Furthermore, future health services research is also required at the beginning and end of adulthood, including improved transition from youth to adult health care and increased understanding of aging and health in older adults with ASD.
Classification of underwater transient signals using MFCC feature vector

This paper presents a new method for classification of underwater transient signals, which employs frame-based decision with mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC). The MFCC feature vector is extracted frame-by-frame basis for an input signal that is detected as a transient signal, and Euclidean distances are calculated between this and all MFCC feature vectors in the reference database. Then each frame of the detected input signal is mapped to the class having minimum Euclidean distance in the reference database. Finally the input signal is classified as the class that has maximum mapping rate in the reference database. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is very promising for classification of underwater transient signals.
Reversing the effects of tokenisation attacks against content-based spam filters

More than 85% of the received emails are spam. Many current solutions feature machine-learning algorithms trained using statistical representations of the terms that most commonly appear in such emails. However, there are attacks that can subvert the filtering capabilities of these methods. Tokenisation attacks insert characters within words, subverting these methods. In this paper, we introduce a new method that reverses the effects of tokenisation attacks. Our method processes emails iteratively by considering possible words, starting from the first token and compares the word candidates with a common dictionary to which spam words have been previously added. We provide an empirical study of how tokenisation attacks affect the filtering capability of a Bayesian classifier and we show that our method can reverse the effects of tokenisation attacks.
Novel Role of Ras-GTPase Activating Protein SH3 Domain-Binding ProteinG3BP in Adhesion and Migration of 32D Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Rho GTPases are involved in homing and mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells due to their impact on cytoskeleton remodeling. We have previously shown that inhibition of Rho, Rac and Cdc42 clearly impairs ad- hesion of normal and leukemic hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) to fibronectin and migration in a three-dimensional stromal cell model. Here, we identified the Ras GTPase-Activating Protein SH3 Domain-Binding Protein (G3BP) as a target gene of Rho GTPases and analysed its role in regulating HPC motility. Overexpression of G3BP significantly enhanced adhesion of murine 32D HPC to fibronectin and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, increased the proportion of adherent cells in a flow chamber assay and promoted cell migration in a transwell assay and a three-dimensional stromal cell model suggesting a strong impact on the cytoskeleton. Immunofluorescent staining of G3BP-overexpressing fibroblasts revealed a Rho-like phenotype characterized by formation of actin stress fibers in contrast to the Rac-like phenotype of control fibroblasts. This is the first report implicating a role for G3BP in Rho GTPase-mediated signalling towards adhesion and migration of HPC. Our results may be of clinical importance, since G3BP was found overexpressed in human cancers.
Fuzzy logic control for the mitigation of environmental temperature variations in OCDMA networks

This paper introduces a new application of fuzzy logic control (FLC) for the improvement of traffic performance over optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) networks. This application focuses on the mitigation of environmental temperature variation effects that occur in the transmission links that impact the expected magnitude of the autocorrelation peak in the users' code. The FLC system, whose input variables are the propagation distances and the estimated temperature changes, is installed in the network receivers. This system sets the threshold detection level according to the variations of the environmental temperature provided by external sensors. Calibration of the fuzzy control requires a priori knowledge of the analytical response of the OCDMA channels. The simulation results show that the network performance can be significantly improved when the proposed approach is employed.
Lipid Signalling Dynamics in Insulin-secreting β-cells

Diacylglycerol (DAG) controls numerous cell functions by regulating the localization of C1-domain-containing proteins, including protein kinase C (PKC), but little is known about the spatiotemporal dynamics of the lipid. Here, we explored plasma membrane DAG dynamics in pancreatic beta cells and determined whether DAG signaling is involved in secretagogue-induced pulsatile release of insulin. Single MIN6 cells, primary mouse beta cells, and human beta cells within intact islets were transfected with translocation biosensors for DAG, PKC activity, or insulin secretion and imaged with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Muscarinic receptor stimulation triggered stable, homogenous DAG elevations, whereas glucose induced short-lived (7.1 +/- 0.4 s) but high-amplitude elevations (up to 109 +/- 10% fluorescence increase) in spatially confined membrane regions. The spiking was mimicked by membrane depolarization and suppressed after inhibition of exocytosis or of purinergic P2Y(1), but not P2X receptors, reflecting involvement of autocrine purinoceptor activation after exocytotic release of ATP. Each DAG spike caused local PKC activation with resulting dissociation of its substrate protein MARCKS from the plasma membrane. Inhibition of spiking reduced glucose-induced pulsatile insulin secretion. Thus, stimulus-specific DAG signaling patterns appear in the plasma membrane, including distinctmicrodomains, which have implications for the kinetic control of exocytosis and other membrane-associated processes. -Wuttke, A. , Idevall-Hagren, O. , Tengholm, A. P2Y(1) receptor-dependent diacylglycerol signaling microdomains in beta cells promote insulin secretion.
Spatial heterogeneity lowers rather than increases host–parasite specialization

Abiotic environmental heterogeneity can promote the evolution of diverse resource specialists, which in turn may increase the degree of host–parasite specialization. We coevolved Pseudomonas fluorescens and lytic phage ϕ2 in spatially structured populations, each consisting of two interconnected subpopulations evolving in the same or different nutrient media (homogeneous and heterogeneous environments, respectively). Counter to the normal expectation, host–parasite specialization was significantly lower in heterogeneous compared with homogeneous environments. This result could not be explained by dispersal homogenizing populations, as this would have resulted in the heterogeneous treatments having levels of specialization equal to or greater than that of the homogeneous environments. We argue that selection for costly generalists is greatest when the coevolving species are exposed to diverse environmental conditions and that this can provide an explanation for our results. A simple coevolutionary model of this process suggests that this can be a general mechanism by which environmental heterogeneity can reduce rather than increase host–parasite specialization.
Multipath Routing Selection Strategies in Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Multipath routing selection strategy has been studied in the context of ad hoc networks. It has been shown that this selection strategy is categorized into two parts according to the utilization of multiple routes: best routing selection strategy and load balancing selection strategy. The best routing selection strategy use one route and save backup routes information for fault tolerance. The load balancing selection strategy uses route diversity to balance network load. In this paper, we show that many complicated reasons decide the effects of the multipath routing selection strategies in various load conditions. The effects of the strategies reverse some time. We show that unless a dynamic multipath routing selection strategy is used, the effect of the multipath does not have the perfect impact
Prevention of Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia (PE) affects around 2–5% of pregnant women. It is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. In an attempt to prevent preeclampsia, many strategies based on antenatal care, change in lifestyle, nutritional supplementation, and drugs have been studied. The aim of this paper is to review recent evidence about primary and secondary prevention of preeclampsia.
Computer-simulated shopping experiments for analyzing dynamic purchasing patterns: Validation and guidelines

Computer simulated shopping experiments open up new opportunities for marketing research, allowing researchers to collect purchase data in a tightly controlled yet realistic environment, at relatively low cost and with a high degree of flexibility. While a number of authors have used computer simulations to generate purchase data, research on the validity of these outcomes is scarce. The present paper aims to improve insights into the validity of computer simulation experiments, by providing a replication and extension of the work by Burke et al. (1992). Experimental purchase data are generated and compared with real life scanner data to provide additional evidence for major biases examined by Burke et al., and to assess the effect of repetitive choice tasks and incomplete product assortments on the realism of purchase quantity and choice data. The results show that, overall, the experimental data correspond quite closely to actual purchase data. Consumers exhibit realistic purchase variation, and provide meaningful data throughout the experimental periods. Yet, some biases are found in category purchase quantities which are overestimated and in purchase shares of generic products which are underestimated. While promotion quantity effects appear to be slightly overestimated, more research is needed on this issue.
EFFECTS OF 12 WEEKS EQUAL–VOLUME RESISTANCE TRAINING WITH DIFFERENT WORKOUT FREQUENCY ON TESTOSTERONE AMONG COLLEGE MEN STUDENTS

The purpose of the study was to find out the effects of 12 weeks equal-volume resistance training with different workout frequency on testosterone among college men students with the help of 45 men students and aged between 18-21 years. The selected subjects were divided into Group I (3days in a week), Group II (5days in a week) and control group. The group I and group II named as experimental groups underwent resistance training program for 12 weeks as well as control group did not underwent any specific training program. The dependent variable testosterone was measured with the help of blood test before and after the training period. The collected data was analyzed by using (ANCOVA) analysis of covariance. The findings of the present study have shown that the degree and concentration of testosterone were significantly improved in the experimental group than in the control group. However, there were less or no significant differences in testosterone levels between the 5days in a week resistance training and 3days in a week resistance training group after the 12 weeks of training.
Plant Oils Were Associated with Low Prevalence of Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Japanese Workers

Fatty acid has been suggested to be involved in development of diabetes. However, its association is unclear among Japanese populations, which consume large amounts of fish rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The present cross-sectional study examined the association of individual dietary fatty acids and dietary fatty acid patterns with abnormal glucose metabolism among 1065 Japanese employees, aged 18–69 years. Impaired glucose metabolism is defined if a person has a history of diabetes, current use of anti-diabetic drug, fasting plasma glucose of 110 mg/dl (≥6.1 mmol/L) or greater, or hemoglobin A1C of 6.0% (≥42 mmol/mol) or greater. Dietary intake was assessed with a self-administered diet history questionnaire. Dietary fatty acid patterns were extracted by principal component analysis. Odds ratios of impaired glucose metabolism according to tertile categories of each fatty acids and dietary fatty acid patterns were estimated using logistic regression with adjustment for potential confounding variables. A higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acid, n-6 fatty acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid were significantly associated with a decreased prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism (P for trend = 0.03, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.04, respectively). Alpha-linolenic acid was marginally significantly associated with a decreased prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism (P for trend = 0.12). Of three fatty acid patterns identified, a higher plant oil pattern score, which characterized by high intake of alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid, was associated with a decreased prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism (P for trend = 0.03). No association was observed for other patterns. In conclusion, plant source fatty acids might be protectively associated with development of diabetes in Japanese adults.
Harmonic All-Pole Modelling for Glottal Inverse Filtering

Glottal inverse filtering is a process, where the acoustic effect of the human vocal tract is removed from the speech signal, to obtain the flow through the vocal folds, the glottal flow. In this article, we present a fully automatic algorithm for inverse filtering, harmonic all-pole inverse filtering, that employs the harmonic structure of speech to obtain the impulse response of both the vocal tract and the glottal flow. The method assumes that the vocal tract and glottal flow waveform can be modelled with minimum- and maximum-phase AR-models, respectively, and that each glottal cycle has a distinct excitation. We present results for male and female speakers for normal, breathy and pressed voices