Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectra of Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory

Most Type I superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) reported to date have been identified by their high peak luminosities and spectra lacking obvious signs of hydrogen. We demonstrate that these events can be distinguished from normal-luminosity SNe (including Type Ic events) solely from their spectra over a wide range of light-curve phases. We use this distinction to select 19 SLSNe-I and four possible SLSNe-I from the Palomar Transient Factory archive (including seven previously published objects). We present 127 new spectra of these objects and combine these with 39 previously published spectra, and we use these to discuss the average spectral properties of SLSNe-I at different spectral phases. We find that Mn ii most probably contributes to the ultraviolet spectral features after maximum light, and we give a detailed study of the O ii features that often characterize the early-time optical spectra of SLSNe-I. We discuss the velocity distribution of O ii, finding that for some SLSNe-I this can be confined to a narrow range compared to relatively large systematic velocity shifts. Mg ii and Fe ii favor higher velocities than O ii and C ii, and we briefly discuss how this may constrain power-source models. We tentatively group objects by how well they match either SN 2011ke or PTF12dam and discuss the possibility that physically distinct events may have been previously grouped together under the SLSN-I label.
Home oxygen therapy: re-thinking the role of devices

ABSTRACT Introduction: A range of devices are available for delivering and monitoring home oxygen therapy (HOT). Guidelines do not give indications for the choice of the delivery device but recommend the use of an ambulatory system in subjects on HOT whilst walking. Areas covered: We provide a clinical overview of HOT and review traditional and newer delivery and monitoring devices for HOT. Despite relevant technology advancements, clinicians, faced with many challenges when they prescribe oxygen therapy, often remain familiar to traditional devices and continuous flow delivery of oxygen. Some self-filling delivery-less devices could increase the users’ level of independence with ecological advantage and, perhaps, reduced cost. Some newer portable oxygen concentrators are being available, but more work is needed to understand their performances in different diseases and clinical settings. Pulse oximetry has gained large diffusion worldwide and some models permit long-term monitoring. Some closed-loop portable monitoring devices are also able to adjust oxygen flow automatically in accordance with the different needs of everyday life. This might help to improve adherence and the practice of proper oxygen titration that has often been omitted because difficult to perform and time-consuming. Expert commentary: The prescribing physicians should know the characteristics of newer devices and use technological advancements to improve the practice of HOT.
The Effect of the Arabic Computer Rehabilitation Program "Rannan" on Sound Detection and Discrimination in Children with Cochlear Implants.

PURPOSE The aim of this work is to examine the efficacy of using computer-based training program (Rannan) as an intervention approach to enhance sound detection and discrimination in Arabic-speaking children with cochlear implants (CIs). RESEARCH DESIGN A prospective study comparing performance between two groups of children. Participants were divided into two equal groups that were matched in age and programming strategies. Group I received the traditional clinic-based therapy and group II received the same traditional therapy approach in addition to a computer-based program. STUDY SAMPLE A total of 26 children with CIs in the age range of 3-6.5 yr were recruited from King Abdulaziz University Hospital. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Listening Progress Profile and Infant-Toddler Meaningful Integration Scale were used preoperatively, and to compare performance between the two groups at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-mo after device-fitting. Data were subjected to mixed analysis of variance. RESULTS Both assessment tools (Listening Progress Profile and Infant-Toddler Meaningful Integration Scale) revealed that group II scored higher than group I. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that using computer-based training in addition to the traditional rehabilitation therapy can serve as a facilitative tool to enhance the benefit achieved from CI.
Transcription-coupled changes in nuclear mobility of mammalian cis-regulatory elements

Tracking regulatory DNA in action Cis-regulatory DNA elements such as enhancers and promoters are critical for transcription regulation. Little is known about the relationship between these elements' transcriptional activity and their mobility within the nucleus in living cells. Gu et al. developed a strategy to deliver multiple RNAs to guide inactive Cas9 to label these elements. Quantitative measurement of their movement during stem cell differentiation revealed that increased DNA loci mobility correlated with transcriptional activation. Science, this issue p. 1050 Live-cell imaging of cis-regulatory DNA elements reveals an intrinsic connection between their transcriptional activity and nuclear mobility. To achieve guide RNA (gRNA) multiplexing and an efficient delivery of tens of distinct gRNAs into single cells, we developed a molecular assembly strategy termed chimeric array of gRNA oligonucleotides (CARGO). We coupled CARGO with dCas9 (catalytically dead Cas9) imaging to quantitatively measure the movement of enhancers and promoters that undergo differentiation-associated activity changes in live embryonic stem cells. Whereas all examined functional elements exhibited subdiffusive behavior, their relative mobility increased concurrently with transcriptional activation. Furthermore, acute perturbation of RNA polymerase II activity can reverse these activity-linked increases in loci mobility. Through quantitative CARGO-dCas9 imaging, we provide direct measurements of cis-regulatory element dynamics in living cells and distinct cellular and activity states and uncover an intrinsic connection between cis-regulatory element mobility and transcription.
Community and International Nutrition Food Insecurity Affects School Children ’ s Academic Performance , Weight Gain , and Social Skills 1 – 3

Food insecurity has been associated with diverse developmental consequences for U.S. children primarily from cross-sectional studies. We used longitudinal data to investigate how food insecurity over time related to changes in reading and mathematics test performance, weight and BMI, and social skills in children. Data were from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort, a prospective sample of 21,000 nationally representative children entering kindergarten in 1998 and followed through 3rd grade. Food insecurity was measured by parent interview using a modification of the USDA module in which households were classified as food insecure if they reported 1 affirmative response in the past year. Households were grouped into 4 categories based on the temporal occurrence of food insecurity in kindergarten and 3rd grade. Children’s academic performance, height, and weight were assessed directly. Children’s social skills were reported by teachers. Analyses examined the effects of modified food insecurity on changes in child outcomes using lagged, dynamic, and difference (i.e., fixed-effects) models and controlling for child and household contextual variables. In lagged models, food insecurity was predictive of poor developmental trajectories in children before controlling for other variables. Food insecurity thus serves as an important marker for identifying children who fare worse in terms of subsequent development. In all models with controls, food insecurity was associated with outcomes, and associations differed by gender. This study provides the strongest empirical evidence to date that food insecurity is linked to specific developmental consequences for children, and that these consequences may be both nutritional and nonnutritional. J. Nutr. 135: 2831–2839, 2005.
Evaluation of immunity of young broiler chickens during simultaneous aflatoxicosis and ochratoxicosis.

A 2 X 2 factorial experimental design consisting of the treatments 0 and 2.5 micrograms/g aflatoxin and 0 and 2.0 micrograms/g ochratoxin A with 12 replicates of 10 birds per treatment level was used to evaluate the effects of these mycotoxins on various aspects of immunity. Male chicks (Hubbard X Hubbard) were maintained on these treatments from one day of age to 3 weeks of age at which time six replicate pens per treatment were sacrificed and various parameters measured. The additional six replicate pens per treatment were maintained on toxin feed beyond 3 weeks of age, and at 4 weeks of age, three replicate pens were immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Brucella abortus. Antibody titers were measured up to 10 days postimmunization. Aflatoxin and ochratoxin A, individually, significantly (P less than .05) decreased body weight, and a synergistic toxicity was evident by a significant (P less than .05) decrease in body weight. Antibody titers and phagocytic activity of heterophils were not significantly (P less than .05) altered by any treatments. The relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius and the number of follicles for a given area of the folds of the bursa of Fabricius were significantly (P less than .05) decreased only by the interaction treatment. Complement activity was significantly (P less than .05) decreased by aflatoxin and the combination of aflatoxin and ochratoxin A and depressed, although not significantly (P less than .05), by ochratoxin A. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Parameters for an Elasto-Plasto-Damage Model for the Stress–Strain Behavior of Cohesive Soils

This article presents a constitutive model for cohesive soils that exhibits the post-peak strain-softening behavior. The model combines the elements of plasticity with damage mechanics to simulate the stress–strain behavior. The total strain increment is composed of an elasto-damage strain increment and a plastic strain increment. The post-peak stress drop is captured by the elasto-damage formulation, while the plasticity is superimposed beyond the elastic range. The elasto-damage strain increment is found using the elasto-damage formulation, while the plastic strain increment is found using either the Drucker–Prager classical plasticity model or as a function of the damage strain. To calibrate this model, an experimental program was conducted on a cohesive soil at different densities and water contents. The various physical and mechanical properties of this soil were determined. Triaxial compression tests, unconfined compression test, and hydrostatic tests were performed, in order to obtain the model parameters at different conditions. These parameters were used to calibrate the model, which was coded in FORTRAN computer programs to simulate the stress–strain behavior of cohesive soils. The model was verified and found to be a good predictor of the response of cohesive soil for the selected stress path.
The acute effects of baobab fruit (Adansonia digitata) on satiety in healthy adults

Background: The baobab fruit is high in both dietary fibre and polyphenols and therefore may increase satiety. The aim of the study was to measure the effects of baobab fruit extract on satiety. Methods: The study was conducted on 20 healthy participants. The study was a one-day single-blind crossover design. Participants were randomised to either a test smoothie consisting of 15 g of baobab extract or a control smoothie without the addition of baobab. Subjective ratings of satiety were taken on visual analogue scales immediately pre-consumption and then post-consumption, and energy intake at a post ad libitum meal was recorded. Results: Subjective measures of hunger were reduced following the test smoothie compared with the control (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in calorie intake at an ad libitum meal. Conclusions: This research has positive implications for the use of baobab for reducing hunger, possibly having a positive effect on weight maintenance.
Influence of diets containing rye or pectin on the intestinal flora of chicks.

Abstract Ileum anaerobe counts of chicks fed diets containing rye or pectin were two or three logarithmic cycles greater than chicks fed a corn-soybean diet. Average counts per centimeter of small intestine of chicks fed rye, pectin, or a corn-soybean diet were 7.5 × 109, 1.1 × 1010, 4.3 × 107 respectively, for 4 day old chicks and 7.8 × 109, 8.4 × 109 4.1 × 107, respectively, for 14 day old chicks. The counts were not altered by penicillin supplementation of the diets. When diets containing rye or pectin were fed, the intestinal population always contained a major butyric acid and gas producing component. Mean butyric acid concentrations produced by the flora from chicks fed rye, pectin, or a corn-soybean diet were 4.65 mM, 4.46 mM, 0.22 mM, respectively. The flora from chicks fed rye or pectin contained spore-formers which were 6 to 7 logarithmic cycles greater in number than from chicks fed the corn-soybean diet. Addition of penicillin to the diets always resulted in a large reduction in butyric acid and gas production and decreased the sporeformer counts about 5 logarithmic cycles. It is suggested that a penicillin sensitive, sporeforming organism that produces large amounts of gas and butyric acid fermentatively, depresses the growth of chicks fed rye or pectin. It is probable that the organism belongs to the genus Clostridium.
Differentially Private Empirical Risk Minimization Revisited: Faster and More General

In this paper we study the differentially private Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) problem in different settings. For smooth (strongly) convex loss function with or without (non)-smooth regularization, we give algorithms that achieve either optimal or near optimal utility bounds with less gradient complexity compared with previous work. For ERM with smooth convex loss function in high-dimensional ($p\gg n$) setting, we give an algorithm which achieves the upper bound with less gradient complexity than previous ones. At last, we generalize the expected excess empirical risk from convex loss functions to non-convex ones satisfying the Polyak-Lojasiewicz condition and give a tighter upper bound on the utility than the one in \cite{ijcai2017-548}.
MultiQueues: Simpler, Faster, and Better Relaxed Concurrent Priority Queues

AbstractPriority queues with parallel access are an attractive data structure for ap-plications like prioritized online scheduling, discrete event simulation, or branch-and-bound. However, a classical priority queue constitutes a severe bottleneck inthis context, leading to very small throughput. Hence, there has been signi cantinterest in concurrent priority queues with a somewhat relaxed semantics wheredeleted elements only need to be close to the minimum. In this paper we presenta very simple approach based on multiple sequential priority queues. It turns outto outperform previous more complicated data structures while at the same timeimproving the quality of the returned elements. 1 Introduction Priority queues are a fundamental data structure with many applications. Priority queuesmanage a set of elements and support the operations for inserting elements and deletingthe smallest element (deleteMin). Whenever we have to dynamically reorder operationsperformed by an algorithm, priority queues can turn out to be useful. Examples includegraph algorithms for shortest paths and minimum spanning trees, discrete event simu-lation, best rst branch-and-bound, and other best rst heuristics. In particular, manysuccessful job scheduling algorithms are of that type. The latter application was the start-ing point for this work focusing on scheduling of jobs with priorities in data managementsystems to support quality of service guarantees (Service Level Agreements). On modern parallel hardware, we often have the situation that p parallel threads(or PEs for processing elements) want to access the priority queue concurrently. This
Causal relationships between neurons of the nucleus incertus and the hippocampal theta activity in the rat

The nucleus incertus is a key node of the brainstem circuitry involved in hippocampal theta rhythmicity. Synchronisation exists between the nucleus incertus and hippocampal activities during theta periods. By the Granger causality analysis, we demonstrated a directional information flow between theta rhythmical neurons in the nucleus incertus and the hippocampus in theta‐on states. The electrical stimulation of the nucleus incertus is also able to evoke a phase reset of the hippocampal theta wave. Our data suggest that the nucleus incertus is a key node of theta generation and the modulation network.
The response of broiler chickens to the addition of bacitracin methylene disalicylate to diets containing salinomycin and roxarsone.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of broiler chickens to addition of bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) to diets containing salinomycin. In each experiment, five tests were conducted at different locations. In Experiment 1, all diets contained 66 mg salinomycin/kg of diet for the first 42 days and either 0 or 33 mg BMD/kg of diet for the entire 49-day feeding period. In Experiment 2, all diets contained 66 mg salinomycin and 50 mg roxarsone/kg of diet for the first 42 days and either 0, 11, 33, or 55 mg BMD/kg of diet for the entire 49-day feeding period. In Experiment 1, addition of 33 mg BMD/kg of diet significantly (P less than .05) improved body weights and feed utilization. Results were similar in all five tests. In Experiment 2, addition of 11, 33, or 55 mg BMD/kg of diet significantly (P less than .05) increased body weights. In one location the addition of 55 mg BMD/kg of diet resulted in no significant difference in body weight compared with those fed the unsupplemented diet, but in all other locations the response was similar. Addition of 33 or 55 mg BMD/kg of diet resulted in improved (P less than .05) feed utilization when all tests were combined. Feed utilization was not improved in all locations by the addition of BMD.
CSF1R inhibition prevents radiation pulmonary fibrosis by depletion of interstitial macrophages

Radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RIF) is a delayed side-effect of chest radiotherapy, frequently associated with macrophage infiltration. We aimed to characterise the role of pulmonary macrophages in RIF using human lung biopsies from patients receiving radiotherapy for thorax malignancies and a RIF model developed in C57BL/6 mice after 16-Gy thorax irradiation. High numbers of macrophages (both interstitial and alveolar) were detected in clinical and preclinical RIF. In the preclinical model, upregulation of T-helper (Th)2 cytokines was measured, whereas Th1 cytokines were downregulated in RIF tissue lysate. Bronchoalveolar lavage demonstrated upregulation of both types of cytokines. At steady state, tissue-infiltrating macrophages (IMs) expressed 10-fold more arginase (Arg)-1 than alveolar macrophages (AMs), and a 40-fold upregulation of Arg-1 was found in IMs isolated from RIF. IMs, but not AMs, were able to induce myofibroblast activation in vitro. In addition, whereas depletion of AMs using Clodrosome didn't affect RIF score, depletion of IMs using a clinically available colony-stimulating factor receptor-1 (CSF1R) neutralising antibody was antifibrotic. These findings suggest differential contributions of alveolar versus interstitial macrophages in RIF, highlighting the fibrogenic role of IMs. The CSF1/CSF1R pathway was identified as a new therapeutic target to inhibit RIF. A novel approach to improve the management of radiation-induced lung complications via CSF1R inhibition http://ow.ly/dfWA30h6jxW
Brief announcement: topology knowledge affects probabilistic reliable communication

We consider the problem of probabilistic reliable communication (PRC) over directed networks: Over a synchronous directed network N} = (P,E) where P is the set of vertices and E denotes the set of arcs/edges in the network, the sender S ∈ P wishes to send a message m to the receiver R ∈ P in a robust manner such that the message is correctly received by R with a very high probability, in spite of the presence of up to t Byzantine-faulty nodes in N. We ask the specific question if PRC is affected when the players have only partial knowledge of the network topology. We show that possibility of PRC is extremely sensitive to the changes in players' knowledge of the topology. This is in complete contrast with earlier known results on the possibility of perfectly reliable communication over undirected graphs where the case of each player knowing only its neighbours gives the same result as the case where players have complete knowledge of the network. Specifically, in either case, (2t + 1)-vertex connectivity is necessary and sufficient, where t is the number of nodes that can be corrupted by the adversary [1, 3]. In this work, we show an example where partial knowledge of the topology results in the failure of PRC, whereas complete knowledge of the same, makes PRC possible.
WNT16 Influences Bone Mineral Density, Cortical Bone Thickness, Bone Strength, and Osteoporotic Fracture Risk

We aimed to identify genetic variants associated with cortical bone thickness (CBT) and bone mineral density (BMD) by performing two separate genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses for CBT in 3 cohorts comprising 5,878 European subjects and for BMD in 5 cohorts comprising 5,672 individuals. We then assessed selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for osteoporotic fracture in 2,023 cases and 3,740 controls. Association with CBT and forearm BMD was tested for ∼2.5 million SNPs in each cohort separately, and results were meta-analyzed using fixed effect meta-analysis. We identified a missense SNP (Thr>Ile; rs2707466) located in the WNT16 gene (7q31), associated with CBT (effect size of −0.11 standard deviations [SD] per C allele, P = 6.2×10−9). This SNP, as well as another nonsynonymous SNP rs2908004 (Gly>Arg), also had genome-wide significant association with forearm BMD (−0.14 SD per C allele, P = 2.3×10−12, and −0.16 SD per G allele, P = 1.2×10−15, respectively). Four genome-wide significant SNPs arising from BMD meta-analysis were tested for association with forearm fracture. SNP rs7776725 in FAM3C, a gene adjacent to WNT16, was associated with a genome-wide significant increased risk of forearm fracture (OR = 1.33, P = 7.3×10−9), with genome-wide suggestive signals from the two missense variants in WNT16 (rs2908004: OR = 1.22, P = 4.9×10−6 and rs2707466: OR = 1.22, P = 7.2×10−6). We next generated a homozygous mouse with targeted disruption of Wnt16. Female Wnt16−/− mice had 27% (P<0.001) thinner cortical bones at the femur midshaft, and bone strength measures were reduced between 43%–61% (6.5×10−13<P<5.9×10−4) at both femur and tibia, compared with their wild-type littermates. Natural variation in humans and targeted disruption in mice demonstrate that WNT16 is an important determinant of CBT, BMD, bone strength, and risk of fracture.
RuO2 pH Sensor with Super-Glue-Inspired Reference Electrode

A pH-sensitive RuO2 electrode coated in a commercial cyanoacrylate adhesive typically exhibits very low pH sensitivity, and could be paired with a RuO2 working electrode as a differential type pH sensor. However, such sensors display poor performance in real sample matrices. A pH sensor employing a RuO2 pH-sensitive working electrode and a SiO2-PVB junction-modified RuO2 reference electrode is developed as an alternative high-performance solution. This sensor exhibits a performance similar to that of a commercial glass pH sensor in some common sample matrices, particularly, an excellent pH sensitivity of 55.7 mV/pH, a hysteresis as low as 2.7 mV, and a drift below 2.2 mV/h. The developed sensor structure opens the way towards the development of a simple, cost effective, and robust pH sensor for pH analysis in various sample matrices.