Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct magnetic resonance detection of neuronal electrical activity

Present noninvasive neuroimaging methods measure neuronal activity indirectly, via either cerebrovascular changes or extracranial measurements of electrical/magnetic signals. Recent studies have shown evidence that MRI may be used to directly and noninvasively map electrical activity associated with human brain activation, but results are inconclusive. Here, we show that MRI can detect cortical electrical activity directly. We use organotypic rat-brain cultures in vitro that are spontaneously active in the absence of a cerebrovascular system. Single-voxel magnetic resonance (MR) measurements obtained at 7 T were highly correlated with multisite extracellular local field potential recordings of the same cultures before and after blockade of neuronal activity with tetrodotoxin. Similarly, for MR images obtained at 3 T, the MR signal changed solely in voxels containing the culture, thus allowing the spatial localization of the active neuronal tissue.
Workplace Incivility and Employee Sleep: The Role of Rumination and Recovery Experiences

This study examines the role of negative work rumination and recovery experiences in explaining the association between workplace incivility and employee insomnia symptoms. Drawing on the perseverative cognition model of stress and the effort–recovery model, we hypothesize a moderated mediation model in which workplace incivility is associated with insomnia symptoms via negative work rumination. This indirect effect is proposed to be conditional on employees’ reported level of recovery experiences (i.e., psychological detachment from work and relaxation during nonwork time). In examining this model, we further establish a link between workplace incivility and sleep and identify one pathway to explain this relationship, as well as resources that may be used to halt the negative spillover of workplace incivility on sleep. Based on a sample of 699 U.S. Forest Service employees, we find support for a moderated mediation model in which the association between workplace incivility and increased insomnia symptoms via increased negative work rumination was weakest for employees reporting high levels of recovery experiences during nonwork time. Findings from the current study contribute to our understanding of why workplace incivility is associated with nonwork outcomes, as well as point to implications for interventions aimed at promoting employees’ recovery from work.
Productivity, efficiency and its determinant factors in hotels

This study assesses the total factor productivity, efficiency and its determinants in the hotel sector in the period 1999–2007, with the objective to analyze the management implications of these outcomes. The results show improvements in productivity due to innovation, with significant differences due to the geographic location, and a decrease in efficiency explained in terms of adaptation to supply. There are several factors determining the efficient leading hotels. First, the concentration market share to achieve efficiency gains. Second, a curvilinear (U) shape between efficiency and size of the hotel. Third, a higher degree of organizational autonomy is positively related to efficiency, but negatively related to the commitment to quality.
The Resettlement of Homeless Young People: Their Experiences and Housing Outcomes

This article reports the experiences of 109 homeless people aged seventeen to twenty-five years in England who were resettled into independent accommodation during 2007/08. It focuses on housing, finances, employment and access to support services. After fifteen/eighteen months, 69 per cent of the young people were still in their original accommodation, 13 per cent had moved to another tenancy and 18 per cent no longer had a tenancy. Most were glad to have been resettled but found the transition very challenging, particularly with regard to managing finances and finding stable employment. The prevalence of debts increased substantially over time, and those who moved to private-rented accommodation had the poorest outcomes. People who had been in temporary accommodation more than twelve months prior to resettlement were more likely to retain a tenancy, while a history of illegal drug use and recent rough sleeping were associated negatively with tenancy sustainment.
Information or influence? The benefits of experience for managing political uncertainty

We examine the extent to which two sources of uncertainty over the future policy environment - political hazards and regime change - influence foreign-owned subsidiary exit rates. We find that prior exits by peer firms enhance exit rates, particularly when political hazards are high. We also find that a multinational firm’s own experience under the current political regime has a moderating influence on subsidiary exit rates in the presence of political hazards, but it enhances exit rates after a change in the political regime. These findings support the argument that in contrast to the informational benefit conferred by prior peer firms’ exits, own firm experience proxies for actual or perceived influence in a nation’s policy-making process.
Past and Future Use of Wild Relatives in Crop Breeding

Wild species related to agricultural crops (crop wild relatives, or CWR) can increase the adaptive capacity of agricultural systems around the world. They represent a large pool of genetic diversity from which to draw new allelic variation required in breeding programs. Crop wild relatives have been extremely valuable in adapting crop varieties to changing disease pressures, farming practices, market demands, and climatic conditions. Unfortunately, CWR are a threatened resource and measures need to be taken to protect them, both in the wild and in genebanks. Here, we review how wild species have contributed to the development of improved crop varieties and where efforts must be concentrated to harness their value in the future. Drawing on the results of an extensive literature search, a series of 14 expert consultation meetings, and in-depth interview with experts on 24 crops, we document the role that CWR play in modern crop breeding. We discuss (i) their past and current use, (ii) advanced breeding methods and technologies that promise to facilitate the continued use of CWR, and (iii) what constraints continue to hinder increased use of CWR in breeding. H. Dempewolf, B. Kilian, and L. Guarino, Global Crop Diversity Trust, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53113 Bonn, Germany; H. Dempewolf, and G. Baute, Univ. of British Columbia, Dep. of Botany, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC Canada; J. Anderson, Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Dep. of Tropical Plant & Soil Sciences, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822; C. Smith, Univ. of Waterloo, Dep. of Environment and Resource Studies, 200 University Ave. W. , Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Received 15 Oct. 2016. Accepted 15 Dec. 2016. *Corresponding author (hannes.dempewolf@croptrust.org). Assigned to Associate Editor Stella Kantartzi. Abbreviations: CSSL, chromosome segment substitution line; CWR, crop wild relative; MAS, marker-assisted selection; QTL, quantitative trait locus; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; WGS, wholegenome shotgun sequence. Published in Crop Sci. 57:1070–1082 (2017). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2016.10. 0885 © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Published June 16, 2017
High-resolution analysis of a North Sea phytoplankton community structure based on in situ flow cytometry observations and potential implication for remote sensing

Abstract. Phytoplankton observation in the ocean can be a challenge in oceanography. Accurate estimations of its biomass and dynamics will help to understand ocean ecosystems and refine global climate models. Relevant data sets of phytoplankton defined at a functional level and on a sub-meso- and daily scale are thus required. In order to achieve this, an automated, high-frequency, dedicated scanning flow cytometer (SFC, Cytobuoy b.v., the Netherlands) has been developed to cover the entire size range of phytoplankton cells whilst simultaneously taking pictures of the largest of them. This cytometer was directly connected to the water inlet of a PocketFerryBox during a cruise in the North Sea, 08–12 May 2011 (DYMAPHY project, INTERREG IV A "2 Seas"), in order to identify the phytoplankton community structure of near surface waters (6 m) with a high spatial resolution basis (2.2 ± 1.8 km). Ten groups of cells, distinguished on the basis of their optical pulse shapes, were described (abundance, size estimate, red fluorescence per unit volume). Abundances varied depending on the hydrological status of the traversed waters, reflecting different stages of the North Sea blooming period. Comparisons between several techniques analysing chlorophyll a and the scanning flow cytometer, using the integrated red fluorescence emitted by each counted cell, showed significant correlations. For the first time, the community structure observed from the automated flow cytometry data set was compared with PHYSAT reflectance anomalies over a daily scale. The number of matchups observed between the SFC automated high-frequency in situ sampling and remote sensing was found to be more than 2 times better than when using traditional water sampling strategies. Significant differences in the phytoplankton community structure within the 2 days for which matchups were available suggest that it is possible to label PHYSAT anomalies using automated flow cytometry to resolve not only dominant groups but also community structure.
The Drivers of Customer Satisfaction in the Hospitality Industry. Applying the Kano Model to Sicilian Hotels

Starting from the assessment that hotels need to embrace a managerial approach oriented towards customer satisfaction, we adopt the Kano model to identify the relevant drivers of satisfaction of hotel guests in the main cities of Sicily, Italy. This study analyses the customer satisfaction requirements for Sicilian hotels in order to suggest and weigh a set of key attributes that hotel managers need to consider in order to create an attractive offer. We base our analysis on the qualitative data collected through 600 questionnaires submitted to hotel guests of 20 Sicilian three–star hotels located in city downtowns, in different provinces and locations.
Modeling of the Threshold Voltage in Strained $\hbox{Si/Si}_{1 - x} \hbox{Ge}_{x}/\hbox{Si}_{1 - y}\hbox{Ge}_{y}(x \geq y)$ CMOS Architectures

In this paper, an analytical model of threshold voltage for globally strained Si/SiGe CMOS devices using a dual channel architecture is proposed. Since band parameters modify , they are calculated and generalized for different Ge contents in a film grown on relaxed virtual substrates . A model for predicting is then developed by considering device geometry and material properties, including band parameters, permittivity, and channel and substrate doping concentrations. lowering due to short-channel effects is included by incorporating a voltage-doping transformation. Accuracy of the model is verified by comparing the model with the results of technology computer-aided design simulations and experiments. The model provides a physical insight for the variation of for both n- and p-MOSFETs in a dual-channel architecture, and it can be generalized to be applicable to single-channel devices as well.
Interindividual epigenetic variation in ABCB1 promoter and its relationship with ABCB1 expression and function in healthy Chinese subjects.

AIM Interindividual epigenetic variation is likely to be an important mechanism contributing to the interindividual variability in the expression and function of ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B, member 1 (ABCB1). The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of interindividual epigenetic variability in the ABCB1 promoter on ABCB1 expression and function in healthy Chinese subjects. METHODS Using bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, the DNA methylation and histone acetylation status of the ABCB1 promoter in stool DNA and exfoliated colonic epithelial cells of 157 healthy Chinese male volunteers was analysed. ABCB1 mRNA levels in colonic epithelial cells were detected by real-time PCR. The digoxin pharmacokinetics in subjects with different epigenetic profiles was investigated after a single oral administration of digoxin (0.5 mg). RESULTS The methylation levels of ABCB1 promoter in stool DNA showed a significant interindividual variation, from 0.84% to 18.05%. A high methylation level of the ABCB1 promoter was closely related to the low levels of acetylated histone H3 and ABCB1 mRNA expression. In the high methylation group, the area under the concentration-time curves (AUC(0-4 h) and AUC(0-10 h) ) of digoxin was increased by 19% [95% confidence interval (CI) 10%, 31%; P = 0.024] and 13% (95% CI 8%, 26%; P = 0.026), respectively, and the peak concentration (Cmax ) of digoxin was increased by 30% (95% CI 12%, 41%; P = 0.021) compared with the low methylation group. CONCLUSIONS The epigenetic modifications of the ABCB1 promoter show high interindividual variability in healthy Chinese subjects, and are closely related to the interindividual variation in ABCB1 mRNA expression and digoxin 0-4 h plasma concentrations in vivo.
The Effects of Negative Incidents in Sustainability Reporting on Investors’ Judgments - An Experimental Study of Third-Party versus Self-Disclosure in the Realm of Sustainable Development

type="main"> This study examines how the disclosure of negative sustainability-related incidents affects the investment-related judgments of decision-makers. Participants in a sequential 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment first received a company's financial information before viewing additional sustainability information (by the company and by a non-governmental organization (NGO); with and without negative disclosure). Results indicate that self-reporting of negative incidents does not affect decision-makers’ stock price estimates and investment decisions compared with judgments based on financial information only. However, third-party disclosure of these incidents by a NGO has a negative affect on these investment-related judgments. Furthermore, the magnitude of the NGO reporting effect depends on whether the company itself simultaneously reports these incidents. Thus, disclosing negative incidents in sustainability reporting could lose some of its apparent stigma. Instead of avoiding negative reporting altogether, managers might use it as a risk mitigation tool in their reporting strategy. The results also emphasize the power of the often-mentioned ‘watchdog’ function of NGOs acting as stakeholder advocates. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Analysis of demand for vegetable in Malaysia

The market information is important in facilitating marketing system from production to the downstream. The purpose of this study is to estimate the Malaysian consumers’ demand for vegetables. By using Household Expenditure Survey 2004/05 data, demands for 6 vegetables are analyzed via a multi-stage budgeting system. The estimated demand elasticities show that the demands for all vegetables are found to increase when per capita income rises. Most of the vegetables are found to respond substantially to changes in their own prices and in the directions as expected with estimated negative own-price elasticities, which is more than unity (except podded vegetable).
The multinational corporation as a multilingual organization: The notion of a common corporate language

– This paper seeks to explore the use of common corporate language(s) in multinational corporations (MNCs). These organizations are usually multilingual and characterized by high language diversity. Parallel streams of literature in international management and international business communications are built upon to problematize the notion of a common corporate language. , – Information gathered from 36 personal interviews of the German‐based multinational Siemens is the primary source of data for this case study. The interviews were conducted in three different languages in three different organizational units of Siemens AG in Finland and Germany. , – It was possible to identify powerful interplay between two languages – German and English – and to uncover discrepancies between company policy and employee practices with regard to language use. On the basis of these findings, the challenges of managing language in multinationals are discussed. , – Argues that a common corporate language may not be as widely shared within the firm as the term suggests, given the multilingual nature of most multinationals, variation in the language proficiency of their employees, and the level of analysis used in previous research.
Can terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs) and hemispherical photographs predict tropical dry forest succession with liana abundance

Abstract. Tropical dry forests (TDFs) are ecosystems with long drought periods, a mean temperature of 25 °C, a mean annual precipitation that ranges from 900 to 2000 mm, and that possess a high abundance of deciduous species (trees and lianas). What remains of the original extent of TDFs in the Americas remains highly fragmented and at different levels of ecological succession. It is estimated that one of the main fingerprints left by global environmental and climate change in tropical environments is an increase in liana coverage. Lianas are non-structural elements of the forest canopy that eventually kill their host trees. In this paper we evaluate the use of a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) in combination with hemispherical photographs (HPs) to characterize changes in forest structure as a function of ecological succession and liana abundance. We deployed a TLS and HP system in 28 plots throughout secondary forests of different ages and with different levels of liana abundance. Using a canonical correlation analysis (CCA), we addressed how the VEGNET, a terrestrial laser scanner, and HPs could predict TDF structure. Likewise, using univariate analyses of correlations, we show how the liana abundance could affect the prediction of the forest structure. Our results suggest that TLSs and HPs can predict the differences in the forest structure at different successional stages but that these differences disappear as liana abundance increases. Therefore, in well known ecosystems such as the tropical dry forest of Costa Rica, these biases of prediction could be considered as structural effects of liana presence. This research contributes to the understanding of the potential effects of lianas in secondary dry forests and highlights the role of TLSs combined with HPs in monitoring structural changes in secondary TDFs.
Cannabis and Autoimmunity - The Neurologic Perspective: A Brief Review

Cannabis sativa, also known as Marijuana has been called many names, yet the variety of names given to Cannabis does not encompass the vast medical opportunities that lie within the cannabis. As of now, 545 ingredients have been identified, of which over 100 classified as unique to Cannabis3. The two main and most researched active ingredients are Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) which holds a psychoactive properties and on the other hand, Cannabidiol (CBD) which is considered non psychoactive. The components are joined by the two main known endocannabinoids – Ananamide (AEA) and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) (also discovered by prof. Mechoulam and colleagues)4,5. The other half of the cannabinoid system (as we know thus far) comprises of CB1 and CB2 receptors, G-protein coupled receptors. The two receptors differ in distribution and function. While the major psychoactive effect of cannabis is attributed to the CB1 receptor and accordingly widely distributed in neurons, while the CB2 receptor has been linked to maintaining homeostasis and commonly appears in cells of the immune system6,7 .
Is the CSRC Protecting a 'Level Playing Field' in China's Capital Markets: Public Enforcement, Fragmented Authoritarianism and Corporatism

This paper uses both empirical studies and case studies to answer an important question: Is the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) protecting a “level playing field” in China’s capital markets? The results of these studies demonstrate that the CSRC enforces regulations without considerable bias against either private listed companies or local government-controlled listed companies in misrepresentation and insider trading cases. However, the CSRC grants regulatory subsidies to central government-owned (CGO) listed companies. The CSRC's preferential policy toward CGO listed companies reveals the insufficiency of the "fragmented authoritarianism thesis". By contrast, investigating the relationship between the CSRC and the CGO listed companies under the "corporatism thesis" provides a more comprehensive explanation of the unique cooperation-based regulation.
Lack of effect of a high-fiber cereal supplement on the recurrence of colorectal adenomas. Phoenix Colon Cancer Prevention Physicians' Network.

BACKGROUND The risks of colorectal cancer and adenoma, the precursor lesion, are believed to be influenced by dietary factors. Epidemiologic evidence that cereal fiber protects against colorectal cancer is equivocal. We conducted a randomized trial to determine whether dietary supplementation with wheat-bran fiber reduces the rate of recurrence of colorectal adenomas. METHODS We randomly assigned 1429 men and women who were 40 to 80 years of age and who had had one or more histologically confirmed colorectal adenomas removed within three months before recruitment began to a supervised program of dietary supplementation with either high amounts (13.5 g per day) or low amounts (2 g per day) of wheat-bran fiber. The primary end point was the presence or absence of new adenomas at the time of follow-up colonoscopy. Subjects and physicians, including colonoscopists, were unaware of the group assignments. RESULTS Of the 1303 subjects who completed the study, 719 had been randomly assigned to the high-fiber group and 584 to the low-fiber group. The median times from randomization to the last follow-up colonoscopy were 34 months in the high-fiber group and 36 months in the low-fiber group. By the time of the last follow-up colonoscopy, at least one adenoma had been identified in 338 subjects in the high-fiber group (47.0 percent) and in 299 subjects in the low-fiber group (51.2 percent). The multivariate adjusted odds ratio for recurrent adenoma in tile high-fiber group, as compared with the low-fiber group, was 0.88 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.70 to 1.11; P=0.28), and the relative risk of recurrence according to the number of adenomas, in the high-fiber group as compared with the low-fiber group, was 0.99 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.71 to 1.36; P=0.93). CONCLUSIONS As used in this study, a dietary supplement of wheat-bran fiber does not protect against recurrent colorectal adenomas.