Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementation of two class classifiers for hybrid intrusion detection

Most intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are based on a single algorithm that is designed to either model normal behavior patterns or attack signatures in network data traffic. Most often, these systems fail to provide adequate alarm capability that reduces false positive and false negative rates. We had proposed multi-stages approaches to enhance the overall performance of IDSs. All models implemented in this paper, must have a perfect 2-classes classifier to differentiate between attacks & normal patterns, so we grant to detect attacks at first stage of IDS and secure the protected system, through other stages we tried to identify the name of intrusion to increase the efficiency of IDS. The first stage is highly capable in detecting normal signature and diverse what-else to attacks category, so it is capable in detecting unseen or unknown attacks. The results of the proposed techniques had shown that a very high increase in the performance of IDS systems. The practical results showed that the multistage system composed of MLP and improved hybrid J48-DT provided the best results among all discussed systems.
Millennium-long summer temperature variations in the European Alps as reconstructed from tree rings

This paper presents a reconstruction of the summer temperatures over the Greater Alpine Region (44.05A degrees-47.41A degrees N, 6.43A degrees-13A degrees E) during the last millennium based on a network of 38 multi-centennial larch and stone pine chronologies. Tree ring series are standardized using an Adaptative Regional Growth Curve, which attempts to remove the age effect from the low frequency variations in the series. The proxies are calibrated using the June to August mean temperatures from the HISTALP high-elevation temperature time series spanning the 1818-2003. The method combines an analogue technique, which is able to extend the too short tree-ring series, an artificial neural network technique for an optimal non-linear calibration including a bootstrap technique for calculating error assessment on the reconstruction. About 50% of the temperature variance is reconstructed. Low-elevation instrumental data back to 1760 compared to their instrumental target data reveal divergence between (warmer) early instrumental measurements and (colder) proxy estimates. The proxy record indicates cool conditions, from the mid-11th century to the mid-12th century, related to the Oort solar minimum followed by a short Medieval Warm Period (1200-1420). The Little Ice Age (1420-1830) appears particularly cold between 1420 and 1820 with summers that are 0.8 A degrees C cooler than the 1901-2000 period. The new record suggests that the persistency of the late 20th century warming trend is unprecedented. It also reveals significant similarities with other alpine reconstructions.
The Poverty-growth-inequality triangle

_________________ * This paper was presented at the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, New Delhi, on February 4, 2004. It is a modified version of a paper of the same title originally presented in Paris on November 13, 2003 at the Conference on Poverty, Inequality and Growth, sponsored by the Agence Francaise de Developpement and the EU Development Network. P ub lic D is cl os ur e A ut ho riz ed
SplitX: Split Guest/Hypervisor Execution on Multi-Core

Current virtualization solutions often bear an unacceptable performance cost, limiting their use in many situations, and in particular when running I/O intensive workloads. We argue that this overhead is inherent in Popek and Goldberg's trap-and-emulate model for machine virtualization, and propose an alternative virtualization model for multi-core systems, where unmodified guests and hypervisors run on dedicated CPU cores. We propose hardware extensions to facilitate the realization of this split execution (SplitX) model and provide a limited approximation on current hardware. We demonstrate the feasibility and potential of a SplitX hypervisor running I/O intensive workloads with zero overhead.
Automatic determination of intrinsic cluster number family in spectral clustering using random walk on graph

In spectral clustering algorithms, selecting the cluster number and determining the parameter of affinity function are two generally unsolved problems. In this paper we analyze in detail the influence of these two parameters on clustering results and show their close relationship. We further extend one of them, the cluster number, to intrinsic cluster number family, which is designed to achieve stable clustering hierarchy. Specifically, we use random walk on graph and eigengap to discover the intrinsic structure of the data. We proposed an algorithm to simultaneously determination the cluster number family and the parameter of affinity function. The experimental results on both simulated data clustering and natural image segmentation show that our proposed algorithm has many advantages.
Productive Parallel Programming: The PCN Approach

We describe the PCN programming system, focusing on those features designed to improve the productivity of scientists and engineers using parallel supercomputers. These features include a simple notation for the concise specification of concurrent algorithms, the ability to incorporate existing Fortran and C code into parallel applications, facilities for reusing parallel program components, a portable toolkit that allows applications to be developed on a workstation or small parallel computer and run unchanged on supercomputers, and integrated debugging and performance analysis tools. We survey representative scientific applications and identify problem classes for which PCN has proved particularly useful.
A QUANTITATIVE VERSION OF A THEOREM DUE TO BORWEIN-REICH-SHAFRIR

We give a quantitative analysis of a result due to Borwein, Reich and Shafrir on the asymptotic behaviour of the general Krasnoselski-Mann iteration for nonexpansive self-mappings of convex sets in arbitrary normed spaces. Besides providing explicit bounds we also get new qualitative results concerning the independence of the rate of asymptotic regularity of that iteration from various input data. In the special case of bounded convex sets, where by well-known results of Ishikawa, Edelstein/O'Brien and Goebel/Kirk the norm of the iteration converges to zero, we obtain uniform bounds which do not depend on the starting point of the iteration and the nonexpansive function, but only depend on the error ε, an upper bound on the diameter of C and some very general information on the sequence of scalars λ k used in the iteration. Only in the special situation, where λ k := λ is constant, uniform bounds were known in that bounded case. For the unbounded case, no quantitative information was known before. Our results were obtained in a case study of analysing non-effective proofs in analysis by certain logical methods. General logical meta-theorems of the author guarantee (at least under some additional restrictions) the extractability of such bounds from proofs of a certain kind and provide an algorithm to extract them. Our results in the present paper (which we present here without any reference to that logical background) were found by applying that method to the original proof of the Borwein/Reich/Shafrir theorem. The general logical method which led to these results will be discussed (with further examples) in [22]. *Basic Research in Computer Science, funded by the Danish National Research Foundation.
Vascular Cell Lineage Determination and Differentiation Series

Recent evidence indicates that stem/progenitor cells are present in the adventitia and participate in vascular repair and the formation of neointimal lesions in severely damaged vessels. Data have also demonstrated that these resident stem/progenitor cells could differentiate into endothelial or smooth muscle cells in response to different stimuli. Under pathological conditions, adventitial inflammation results in releasing a panel of cytokines, such as stromal cell-derived factor-1 and tumor necrosis factor, that may lead to local stem/progenitor mobilization and differentiation. Overall, these data support the impact of the adventitial progenitors in pathophysiological processes of lesion development in the arterial wall. In the present review, we aim to summarize the data concerning the presence of the resident stem cells and discuss the pathological impact of the adventitia in vascular diseases. We will also discuss the possible signal pathways orchestrating stem cell differentiation toward vascular lineage and highlight controversial issues related to the role of adventitial progenitors. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011;31:1523-1529.)
Etkileşim Temelli Erken Çocuklukta Müdahale Programı'nın (ETEÇOM) Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu sergileyen çocukların sosyal etkileşim becerileri üzerindeki etkililiği

Bu araştırmada, Etkileşim Temelli Erken Çocuklukta Müdahale Programı'nın (ETEÇOM), otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) sergileyen çocukların sosyal etkileşim becerileri üzerine etkililiği araştırılmıştır. Araştırma, üç OSB'li çocuk ve anneleri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcı çocukların ikisi erkek biri kızdır. Birinci katılımcı çocuğun yaşı, çalışmaya başlandığı tarih itibariyle 6, ikinci katılımcı çocuk 4, üçüncü katılımcı çocuk 3 yaş 2 aylıktır. Katılımcı annelerin yaşları 33-35 yaş arasıdır. Bu araştırmanın uygulamaları, Ankara’da bir devlet üniversitesinin özel gereksinimli çocuklar için açılmış araştırma ve uygulama merkezi ile bir katılımcı çocuğun devam ettiği kurumda (özel özel eğitim ve rehabilitasyon merkezi) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın izleme oturumları ise katılımcıların evlerinde doğal ortamlarında gerçekleşmiştir. Araştırmada, ETEÇOM Programı'nın çocuk katılımcıların sosyal etkileşim becerilerine etkisi tek denekli deneysel desenlerden denekler arası çoklu başlama düzeyi desenine yer verilerek uygulama öncesi, sırası ve sonrası gözlem verileri yoluyla toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın uygulamaları 4 aşamada tamamlanmıştır. Bu aşamalar, katılımcıların başlama düzeylerinin belirlenmesi, ETEÇOM Programı'nın uygulanması, ETEÇOM Programı sonu değerlendirme ve izlemedir. Araştırma sonunda, çocukların sosyal etkileşim becerilerinde (etkileşimi başlatma, etkileşime yanıt verme ve etkileşimi sürdürme sayı ve yüzdesi) ilerlemeler gösterdikleri belirlenmiştir.
An adaptive dynamic power management prediction strategy of DSP

In order to reduce CPU power consumption in portable systems, DPM (Dynamic Power Management) techniques is commonly used in the CPU low power design. This paper analyzes the time-out, prediction and random strategy of DPM, proposed an adaptive prediction-correction strategy, which makes up the deficiencies of the current prediction algorithm, that the prediction precision of algorithm in the case of local service requests non-steady state. The proposed algorithm is validated by the simulation experiment with DSP. Experimental results show that the strategy can significantly reduced power consumption of SOC (System on Chip).
Appearance based tracking with background subtraction

Grouping the detected feature points traditionally requires the storage of long corner tracks. The traditional method does not permit to arrive at a decision to cluster the feature points based on a frame by frame basis. This paper presents a method to group the feature points directly into objects using the most recent 20 frames. The detected corner features are validated and clustered based on two approaches. When objects move in isolation, an EM algorithm is used to cluster and every object is detected and tracked. When objects move under partial occlusion, the corner features are clustered based on an agglomerative hierarchical clustering approach. A probabilistic framework has also been applied to determine the object level membership of the candidate corner features. A novel foreground estimation algorithm with an accuracy of 98% based on color information, background subtraction result and detected corner features is also presented.
A Novel Bocavirus Associated with Acute Gastroenteritis in Australian Children

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common illness affecting all age groups worldwide, causing an estimated three million deaths annually. Viruses such as rotavirus, adenovirus, and caliciviruses are a major cause of AGE, but in many patients a causal agent cannot be found despite extensive diagnostic testing. Proposing that novel viruses are the reason for this diagnostic gap, we used molecular screening to investigate a cluster of undiagnosed cases that were part of a larger case control study into the etiology of pediatric AGE. Degenerate oligonucleotide primed (DOP) PCR was used to non-specifically amplify viral DNA from fecal specimens. The amplified DNA was then cloned and sequenced for analysis. A novel virus was detected. Elucidation and analysis of the genome indicates it is a member of the Bocavirus genus of the Parvovirinae, 23% variant at the nucleotide level from its closest formally recognized relative, the Human Bocavirus (HBoV), and similar to the very recently proposed second species of Bocavirus (HBoV2). Fecal samples collected from case control pairs during 2001 for the AGE study were tested with a bocavirus-specific PCR, and HBoV2 (sequence confirmed) was detected in 32 of 186 cases with AGE (prevalence 17.2%) compared with only 15 controls (8.1%). In this same group of children, HBoV2 prevalence was exceeded only by rotavirus (39.2%) and astrovirus (21.5%) and was more prevalent than norovirus genogroup 2 (13.4%) and adenovirus (4.8%). In a univariate analysis of the matched pairs (McNemar's Test), the odds ratio for the association of AGE with HBoV2 infection was 2.6 (95% confidence interval 1.2–5.7); P = 0.007. During the course of this screening, a second novel bocavirus was detected which we have designated HBoV species 3 (HBoV3). The prevalence of HBoV3 was low (2.7%), and it was not associated with AGE. HBoV2 and HBoV3 are newly discovered bocaviruses, of which HBoV2 is the thirdmost-prevalent virus, after rotavirus and astrovirus, associated with pediatric AGE in this study.
Linear algorithm for Imbricate Cryptography using Pseudo Random Number Generator

In this paper we are going to establish the relationship between Randomness and Cryptography. We are going to generate an algorithm by combining the result of the Linear Congruential Pseudo Random Number Generator with Imbricate Cryptography. The following algorithm is Symmetric type Cryptography. It uses a layered approach. The first layer involves implanting a randomly generated number in the text and then transforming the text to form the cipher text at the very first layer. Second layer involves implanting the key to the cipher text obtained in the first layer thus making the security a two way approach. Therefore, the message can only be recovered by using the correct key and the correct Random number generated. The Random number generated is transmitted to the user with the key. Here the message and the key are inwardly plaited. It is not possible to find the key by permutation and combination since the user can choose key of variable length. Multiple Layers of encryption and decryption provide security. The advantage of the process is that it prevents cipher text only attack and known plain text attack. It is also easily computable and efficient.
Rapid Increase in Serum Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration during Hepatitis C Interferon-Free Treatment

Background & Aim We performed lipid analyses at the early period of therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C who underwent interferon (IFN)-free direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment, and we attempted to identify the factors that contributed to a rapid increase in the patients’ serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 100 consecutive patients with HCV infection treated at the National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center: 24 patients underwent daclatasvir (DCV) and asunaprevir (ASV) combination therapy (DCV/ASV) for 24 weeks, and the other 76 patients underwent ledipasvir and sofosbuvir combination therapy (LDV/SOF) for 12 weeks. ΔLDL-C was defined as the changed in LDL-C level at 28 days from the start of therapy. To determine whether ΔLDL-C was associated with several kinds of factors including viral kinetics, we performed a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. Results The LDL-C levels in patients treated with LDV/SOF were markedly and significantly elevated (87.45 to 122.5 mg/dl; p<10−10) compared to those in the DCV/ASV-treated patients (80.15 to 87.8 mg/dl; p = 0.0056). The median levels of ΔLDL-C in the LDV/SOF and DCV/ASV groups were 33.2 and 13.1, respectively. LDV/SOF combination therapy as an IFN-free regimen (p<0.001) and ΔHCV core antigen (0–1 day drop) (p<0.044) were identified as independent factors that were closely related to the ΔLDL-C. Conclusions A rapid increase in the serum LDL-C concentration during the IFN-free treatment of hepatitis C was associated with the type of HCV therapy and a decline of HCV core protein.
Digital image data hiding using side information

La robustez es una cuestion clave para muchas aplicaciones potenciales de las tecnologias de ocultacion de datos (watermarking). La propuesta de usar informacion lateral en el codificador ha significado un avance significativo en la busqueda de metodos de ocultacion de datos mas eficientes. Sin embargo, en la practica no se ha fundamentado suficientemente el autentico impacto derviado de las ventajas teoricas de esta idea fundamental. Desde este punto de partida, esta tesis provee una nueva evaluacion de la robustez de las tecnologias de ocultacion de datos mas relevantes, poniendo enfasis en su implantacion en aplicaciones reales. Con este fin se comparan metodos que usan informacion lateral, tales como Dither Modulation (DM) y DM con compensacion de distorison (DC-DM, SCS) -realizacion practica y quasi-optima del esquema teorico estudiado por Costa-, con los metodos anteriores basados en tecnicas de espectro ensanchado y que no usan informacion lateral. El entorno de comparacion usa distorsiones aditivas aleatorias y la probabilidad de error en el decodificador. Los distintos metodos se comparan usando simulaciones con el metodo de Monte Carlo, utilizando tanto imagenes reales como datos sinteticos. Para confirmar nuestros resultados, se dan analisis teoricos precisos de la mayoria de los metodos considerados. Se estudian extensiones multidimensionales de los mismos para ofrecer una vision mas completa de las comparaciones. Los resultados muestran que los metodos que usan informacion lateral ofrecen un redimiento mejor para niveles de distorison moderados y bajos, siendo por otra parte mas sensibles al nivel y tipo de ataque. Ademas, se demuestra la imposibilidad de optimizar a priori estos metodos, lo que anade una vision menos optimista de su rendimiento potencial. Las conclusiones de esta comparacion permiten la propuesta y analisis de metodos de ocultacion de datos basados en la
Role of miRNA-9 in Brain Development

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small regulatory RNAs involved in gene regulation. The regulation is effected by either translational inhibition or transcriptional silencing. In vertebrates, the importance of miRNA in development was discovered from mice and zebrafish dicer knockouts. The miRNA-9 (miR-9) is one of the most highly expressed miRNAs in the early and adult vertebrate brain. It has diverse functions within the developing vertebrate brain. In this article, the role of miR-9 in the developing forebrain (telencephalon and diencephalon), midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord of vertebrate species is highlighted. In the forebrain, miR-9 is necessary for the proper development of dorsoventral telencephalon by targeting marker genes expressed in the telencephalon. It regulates proliferation in telencephalon by regulating Foxg1, Pax6, Gsh2, and Meis2 genes. The feedback loop regulation between miR-9 and Nr2e1/Tlx helps in neuronal migration and differentiation. Targeting Foxp1 and Foxp2, and Map1b by miR-9 regulates the radial migration of neurons and axonal development. In the organizers, miR-9 is inversely regulated by hairy1 and Fgf8 to maintain zona limitans interthalamica and midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB). It maintains the MHB by inhibiting Fgf signaling genes and is involved in the neurogenesis of the midbrain-hindbrain by regulating Her genes. In the hindbrain, miR-9 modulates progenitor proliferation and differentiation by regulating Her genes and Elav3. In the spinal cord, miR-9 modulates the regulation of Foxp1 and Onecut1 for motor neuron development. In the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain, miR-9 is necessary for proper neuronal progenitor maintenance, neurogenesis, and differentiation. In vertebrate brain development, miR-9 is involved in regulating several region-specific genes in a spatiotemporal pattern.
Fall Recovery Subactivity Recognition With RGB-D Cameras

Accidental falls have been identified as a cause of mortality for elders who live alone around the globe. Following a fall, additional injury can be sustained if proper fall recovery techniques are not followed. These secondary complications can be reduced if the person had access to safe recovery procedures or were assisted, either by a person or a robot. We propose a framework for in situ robotic assistance for post fall recovery scenarios. In order to assist autonomously robots need to recognize an individual's posture and subactivities (e.g., falling, rolling, move to hands and knees, crawling, and push up through legs, sitting or standing). Human body skeleton tracking through RGB-D pose estimation methods fail to identify the body parts during key phases of fall recovery due to high occlusion rates in fallen, and recovering, postures. To address this issue, we investigated how low-level image features can be leveraged to recognize an individual's subactivities. Depth cuboid similarity features (DCSFs) approach was improved with M-partitioned histograms of depth cuboid prototypes, integration of activity progression direction, and outlier spatiotemporal interest point removal. Our modified DCSF algorithm was evaluated on a unique RGB-D multiview dataset, achieving 87.43 ± 1.74% accuracy in the extensive 3003 (C15 10) combinations of trainingtest groups of 15 subjects in 10 trials. This result was significantly larger than the nearest competitor, and faster in the training phase. This work could lead to more accurate in situ robotic assistance for fall recovery, saving lives for victims of falls.
Transport and workplace accessibility

While there has been progress on a range of issues influencing gender equity in the workforce, getting to and from work can be a fundamental barrier to participation and equity. Issues such as: Access to transportation, the routes taken, modes used, distance travelled, and time and money spent in transit are often shaped by gender. In this chapter we adopt an intersectional feminist lens to explore the structural inequities in transport accessibility and workplace mobilities and consider ways to begin to redress or mitigate their impact. We describe a cross-section of organizational and public policy responses to the broader societal challenge of gendered transport disadvantage primarily from an Australian perspective. We consider its impacts on equal workforce participation within the formal economy, including the mainstreaming and normalization of flexible working and transport policies. We identify a mix of transport and non-transport initiatives from selected OECD nations aimed at reducing barriers to workforce participation and contributing to improved workplace equity through improved accessibility and mobility, particularly for women.