Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Room temperature ferromagnetism in partially hydrogenated epitaxial graphene

We report room temperature ferromagnetism in partially hydrogenated epitaxial graphene grown on 4HSiC(0001). The presence of ferromagnetism was confirmed by superconducting quantum interference devices measurements. Synchrotron-based near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy measurements have been used to investigate the hydrogenation mechanism on the epitaxial graphene and the origin of room temperature ferromagnetism. The partial hydrogenation induces the formation of unpaired electrons in graphene, which together with the remnant delocalized π bonding network, can explain the observed ferromagnetism in partially hydrogenated epitaxial graphene.
Pair formation above pulsar polar caps: Structure of the low altitude acceleration zone

Solutions are presented for the space-charge-limited flow of electrons above the polar caps of a pulsar whose magnetic moment has a component parallel to its spin angular momentum, when the accelerating electric field is shorted out by the formation of electron-positron pairs. Only the oblique rotator is considered. Some predictions of the soft X-ray luminosity of the polar caps of the Vela pulsar are made, based on the heating of the star's polar caps by the back flux of positrons. , with results in accord with the known maximum periods for pulsars, if the surface field has sufficient complexity. Estimates of the final density and momentum distribution function of the pairs are given. The power generated by each polar acceleration zone is shown to be L/sub pole/approx.5 x 10/sup 30/P/sup -19/8/ ergs s/sup -1/ if the surface magnetic field has strength approx.10/sup 12/ gauss, sufficient to explain most radio pulsars but insufficient to account for the X-ray and . gamma. -ray emission from the Crab pulsar. A mechanism for further energization of the pair plasma at high altitude is proposed, based on the interaction between the plasma and the partial vacuum zone surrounding the plasma stream. It is pointed out that the modelmore » is consistent with the phenomenological hollow cone model for pulsar wave forms and with the single-pole interpretation of interpulses, since the flow is asymmetric with respect to the magnetic axis. Some predictions of the soft X-ray luminosity of the polar caps of the Vela pulsar are made, based on the heating of the star's polar caps by the back flux of positrons. « less
Gas Diffusion Layer for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: A Review

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are an attractive type of fuel cell that have received successful commercialization, benefitted from its unique advantages (including an all solid-state structure, a low operating temperature and low environmental impact). In general, the structure of PEMFCs can be regarded as a sequential stacking of functional layers, among which the gas diffusion layer (GDL) plays an important role in connecting bipolar plates and catalyst layers both physically and electrically, offering a route for gas diffusion and drainage and providing mechanical support to the membrane electrode assemblies. The GDL commonly contains two layers; one is a thick and rigid macroporous substrate (MPS) and the other is a thin microporous layer (MPL), both with special functions. This work provides a brief review on the GDL to explain its structure and functions, summarize recent progress and outline future perspectives.
Calculation of double-refraction walk-off angle along the phase-matching directions in non-linear biaxial crystals

The relations are established which allow the calculation of double-refraction walk-off angle for type I and type II processes of second harmonic generation. As an example these angles are calculated numerically in the case of second harmonic generation of 1064 nm from a Nd:YAG laser under phase-matched conditions for eight orthorhombic non-linear crystals: iodic acid, ammonium oxalate, lithium formate, potassium titanyl phosphate, calcium tartrate tetrahydrate, lithium gallium oxide, barium sodium niobate and potassium niobate.
Enhancing Compressive Strength and Dentin Interaction of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate by Adding SrO and Hydroxyapatite

In this research, the effect of strontium oxide (SrO) and hydroxyapatite (HA) on the properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) have been studied. MTA contained 20% SiO2, 60% CaO, and 2% Al2O3. Bi2O3 and SrO have been added with 18% (w/w) total percentage. MTA was prepared with a sol-gel process using a weak base (NH3) as a catalyst and calcined at 1000 °C for 3 h. The effect of HA was investigated by adding various percentages (3, 6, and 9%) on the MTA modified with 5% SrO. The modified MTA (MTA-SrO-HA) products were hydrated using water with the MTA to water weight ratio of 3:1. The results showed that tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate (C2S), Bi2O3, and strontium silicate peaks were detected in the XRD patterns. An increase in the intensity in the infrared spectra of CaO occurred after hybridization with HA. In addition, bonding of Ca-O-Si appeared at 879 and 995 cm−1, indicating the formation of cement. MTA modified with 5% SrO and 6% HA showed similar compressive strength to the commercial MTA (ProRoot brand). Furthermore, MTA-SrO5/HA6 showed a strong interface interaction with dentin adheres without any gaps, indicating a potential dental material for the future.
Bioactive Activities of the Phenolic Extract from Sterile Bracts of Araucaria angustifolia

Sterile bracts can represent 80% of Araucaria angustifolia pinecone and are a rich source of phenolic compounds. This study aimed to optimize the extraction of the phenolic compounds from Araucaria angustifolia bracts using response surface methodology; the bioactivity properties were also investigated. The effects of the ethanol concentration, solute/solvent ratio, and temperature in relation to the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity were evaluated. The quantification and identification of the individual phenolic compounds (using high-performance liquid chromatography) and their bioactivity were evaluated. The optimized extraction conditions, which detected gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, and kaempferol, were obtained using 60% ethanol at a ratio of 1:38 (w/v) and a temperature of 80 °C. The extract showed high levels of phenolic classes and antioxidant activity. The extract also showed an inhibitory activity for pathogenic (approximately 80%, 10,000 µg/mL) and lactic acid (27.9%, 15,000 µg/mL) bacteria strains. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was approximately ten times greater than acarbose, demonstrating its high antiglycemic potential. No antioxidant and anti-inflammatory cellular activity were determined; however, a high cytotoxicity for non-tumor cells and the antiproliferative activity against the tumor cells were observed. Overall, the phenolic extract showed promising action in relation to the fight against the diseases related to oxidative stress and, hopefully, the application of the safe concentrations of the extract, based on bioavailability assays, can be verified.
Synthesis of a Triazaisotruxene-Based Porous Organic Polymer and Its Application in Iodine Capture

A new triazaisotruxene-based porous organic polymer (POP) was designed and successfully synthesized by a FeCl3-promoted crosslinking reaction. As a result of its porosity and good thermal stability, the designed POP can be utilized as a promising adsorbent for iodine, not only in the gaseous phase, but also in organic and aqueous solutions. Compared to its triazatruxene (TN) analogue, the ITN-based POP shows equal iodine uptake in the gaseous phase and in hexane solution, and better uptake in aqueous solution.
Wavelet-based distortion measure for binary images

Abstract This paper proposes an objective distortion measure for binary images. Whereas most previously proposed measures decide the distortion weight of a distorted pixel based on the relationship with the neighbouring pixels in the spatial domain, we observe the characteristics of distorted pixels in multi-spectral spatial-frequency bands. Similarities between the binary wavelet transform and the human visual system are utilised to obtain the distortion weight. When we decide the distortion weight of a distorted pixel, we consider flatness, edge orientation and texture complexity of the distorted pixel at each level of binary wavelet decomposition. Experimental results on various sample images show that the proposed measure is more adequate to human than previously proposed measures.
A general model for junction circulators; choice of magnetization and bias field

The properties of nonreciprocal ferrite devices depend strongly on the ferrite properties. The dependence of several device specifications, such as insertion loss, power capability, etc., on, for instance, linewidth, dielectric loss tangent, critical field, etc., is similar for the three different groups of nonreciprocal devices. The dependence of bandwidth and insertion loss on ferrite magnetization and polarization field is specific for a special group. To investigate the latter dependence for junction circulators, a general model for that group of devices is introduced and discussed. Junction circulators consist of a number of identical resonators. These resonators, mutually coupled by means of the ferrite, are connected to the ports. The lumped element circulator is discussed qualitatively and the stripline circulator quantitatively. For the latter, ranges of magnetization and bias field are determined for operation both above and below resonance. Obtainable bandwidths are estimated.
Some properties of “well–posed” variational. inequalities governed by linear operators

In a previous work [6], we gave the following definition of “well-posed” (in the sense of Tikhonov) variational inequalities (V.I.). Given a mono tone operator A:X→X′ on a Banach space X, a closed convex subset K of X and geX′, the V.I. : find XeK s.tA for every yeK , is “well-posed” if and diam(Te)→0, where In the present work we study the properties of “well-posed” V . I. in the special case when A is linear bounded operator defined on a Hilbert space X. In particular, we find that the “well-posedness” on every closed convex set is equivalent to the coercivity of A, which is in turn equivalent to the existence and uniqueness of the solution on every closed convex set of X. Moreover, we show that when K=X our definition is equivalent to the well-posedness in the classical) sense of Hadamard (for analogous results see [6],[7]). Eventualy we show that well-posedness guarantees existence and uniqueness in a more general case than shown in [6], and we study the relationship between the “well-posedness” of a V.
The Chow Test with Time Series-Cross Section Data

Abstract The Chow test is the standard method to test for differences in regression response across groups. In some cases, the groups being tested are composed of a time series of cross sections. For example, when testing for differences across industries, each industry may be composed of several observations on several individual firms. If the individuals themselves have systematic differences, the Chow test will be compromised: the individual and group effects become confounded. This can cause rejections in the absence of the group effect of interest. We illustrate the problem with a Monte Carlo analysis, and show that the effects cannot be separated. We propose a bootstrap-like testing procedure that can eliminate excessive Type I errors, and when used with the standard Chow test can help to arrive at an appropriate conclusion when both effects are present. JEL classification numbers: C01, C10, C12, C15, C18. Keywords: Chow test, Bootstrap, Empirical distribution, Statistical testing, Econometrics.
Electron-Strain Interaction in Valence Fluctuation Compound SmB 6

Temperature dependence of the elastic constants in the valence fluctuation compound of SmB 6 and the reference one of LaB 6 has been investigated by an ultrasonic method. The DC sputtering technique of a piezoelectric ZnO film on SmB 6 has been employed for a reliable ultrasonic measurement free from bond breaks. A remarkable softening of the bulk modulus C B and an anomaly of the C 44 mode in SmB 6 are responsible for the interaction between the elastic strain and the narrow 4f-band state with the energy gap of 160 K around the Fermi level.
Predictive simulation of neutral beam injection on EAST in H- and L-mode plasma

The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) simulations are carried out for neutral beam injection (NBI) in L- and H-mode plasma using the transport code ONETWO and the Monte Carlo code NUBEAM. The results predicted with different beam energy injections are presented and analyzed. The heating efficiency, shine-through power loss, current drive, beam ion trapping fraction and neutron emission with respect to different beam energy and discharge modes are discussed and some guidelines are provided for future experiments with NBI on EAST.
Update on the Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections in the Management of Musculoskeletal Injuries: A Systematic Review of Studies From 2014 to 2021

Background: There has been expanding use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the management of musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries. Purpose: To determine if there are any recent studies that show any clear benefits regarding the use of PRP in the management of soft tissue injuries. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: This review was conducted according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Group Specialised Register databases were queried for randomized controlled trials comparing PRP with a non-PRP/placebo in participants >18 years of age with musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries. Exclusion criteria were non–soft tissue injuries and research published in journals with an impact factor <3.5. The main outcome measure analyzed across all injury types was the effect of PRP injections on pain and function. Results: Of the 853 studies initially screened, 32 were included in this review. There were 13 studies that investigated the effects of PRP on the management of rotator cuff injuries; 7 studies that investigated PRP in conjunction with arthroscopy found no significant difference between PRP groups and controls, while 5 of 6 studies that investigated nonsurgical management showed positive results for PRP. Eight studies investigated various tendinopathies; of these, 2 studies demonstrated positive results for PRP in Achilles and gluteal tendinopathy management. Six studies examined PRP in acute soft tissue injuries, with 2 of these reporting significant improvements in recovery time for hamstring injuries and 1 study showing positive results for ankle ligament injuries. Two studies looked at acute rupture of soft tissues and found no benefit to PRP use. Two studies investigated PRP injections for chronic plantar fasciitis, and both reported positive results in pain and function with PRP. Finally, 1 study evaluated the effects of PRP on meniscal injuries and reported significant improvement in the healing rate and a decreased need for surgical repair. Conclusion: Currently, there is no research strongly advocating the use of PRP compared with traditional management strategies (rest, ice, corticosteroid injection, rehabilitation program). No long-term physiological benefits were reported to justify the invasive and costly technique of obtaining, producing, and implementing PRP.
Asymptotic analysis of the waiting-time distribution for a large closed processor-sharing system

The service of an interactive computer system is characterized by the random waiting (or response) time perceived by users. The system consists of a bank of terminals, each of which asynchronously alternates between “thinking” and waiting for service from a central processing unit which operates under the processor-sharing discipline. It is assumed that there are $(N + 1)$ terminals, where N is large, and that $\rho = Np = O(1)$, where p is the ratio of the mean required service time to the mean think time. Asymptotic approximations to the equilibrium distribution of the waiting time are derived for: normal usage, $\rho 1$. Singular perturbation techniques are used, and the matching of the heavy-usage approximation with both the normal and very heavy-usage approximations is investigated. Numerical results are presented which indicate that the approximations are useful for $N\geqq 100$.
Predicting Structural Properties of Pure Silica Zeolites Using Deep Neural Network Potentials

Machine learning potentials (MLPs) capable of accurately describing complex ab initio potential energy surfaces (PESs) have revolutionized the field of multiscale atomistic modeling. In this work, using an extensive density functional theory (DFT) data set (denoted as Si-ZEO22) consisting of 219 unique zeolite topologies (350,000 unique DFT calculations) found in the International Zeolite Association (IZA) database, we have trained a DeePMD-kit MLP to model the dynamics of silica frameworks. The performance of our model is evaluated by calculating various properties that probe the accuracy of the energy and force predictions. This MLP demonstrates impressive agreement with DFT for predicting zeolite structural properties, energy–volume trends, and phonon density of states. Furthermore, our model achieves reasonable predictions for stress–strain relationships without including DFT stress data during training. These results highlight the ability of MLPs to capture the flexibility of zeolite frameworks and motivate further MLP development for nanoporous materials with near-ab initio accuracy.
3D DIGITIZATION OF HERITAGE: PHOTOMETRIC STEREO CAN HELP

: There are mainly two families of photographic 3D reconstruction. Photogrammetry techniques work according to the principle of triangulation, from the matching of different views, while photometric techniques link the appearance of a 3D point to the orientation of its normal, relative to the direction of the incident light. While photogrammetry allows to ﬁnd the global shape of a 3D scene, if it is sufﬁciently textured, photometric techniques highlight the details of the relief, as long as the model linking the lighting to the shape and reﬂectance of the scene is sufﬁciently realistic. In order to avoid errors in the 3D models obtained, all the photographic techniques of 3D reconstruction have beneﬁted, over the years, from algorithmic improvements that make them more and more robust to outliers or unreliable data. Moreover, the complementarity between these two types of approaches having been identiﬁed for a long time, many solutions have been proposed to merge them. Our work aims at providing the free and open-source photogrammetry software Meshroom with the beneﬁts it could get from photometric stereo, particularly in the context of the 3D digitization of heritage, knowing that it is the only photometric technique for 3D reconstruction that has really proven itself.
Job Satisfaction of Employees in Banks: A Study in Public Sector Banks Dharwad District

: Human resource is a most important, complicated and potential resource to any organisation. The human resource is a most crucial resource acting as a major determinant factor of any concern’s success or failure. Employees management in an organisation is not that easy as the organisation manages its non-human resource. Therefore, it is a crucial area in an organisation to which requires special attention and care and bring the best out of it. The present study will focus on to know the job satisfaction of employees and their problems in their job and working place in banks. The study will also explore the need and job satisfaction and the factors determining the job satisfaction of employees in the public sector banks .
Representation of permanent magnet brushless machine by means of orthogonal functions

Purpose – To develop a fast and accurate method of calculation of permanent magnet machines.Design/methodology/approach – Presently two ways exist of modeling of synchronous machines – the classic one, when the concept of inductances Ld and Lq is used and the numerical, time‐stepping approach. The first cannot account for precisely the saturation effects, while the second one is highly time consuming. Proposed algorithm replaces inductances by the distributions of flux densities, which were used for their definition, obtained from finite element solutions. Mathematically, the analysis is converted from the space of trigonometric functions to the more general space of periodic functions.Findings – The compact algorithm of analysis has been found, making it possible to extend its application to other types of machines.Research limitations/implications – Validation of the proposed method was done only by cross‐checking with integral parameters coming from finite element solution.Practical implications – A po.
EFFECT OF ETHEPHON ON RIPENING AND POSTHARVEST QUALITY OF TOMATO ( Solanum lycopersicum ) DURING STORAGE

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of ethephon (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) on ripening and postharvest quality of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ). Four concentrations of ethephon viz. 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm were applied in the experiment for ripening of tomato under ambient conditions (22±2 o C & 80±5% RH) with a control (0 ppm ethephon) in two consecutive years 2012 - 2013. The tomato fruits of ‘Udayan’ variety at breaker stage were harvested from the farmers’. The treated fruits were assessed for ripening percentage and biochemical properties such as total soluble solids (TSS) (%), titratable acidity (%), ascorbic acid content (mg/100g) and total carotenoids (mg/100g). The observations were recorded at 3, 6, 9 and 12 days after storage. The maximum TSS and total carotenoids were found in tomato treated with ethephon concentration @750 - 1000 ppm after 6 days of storage. From the experiment, it was found that ethephon can be applied @750 – 1000 ppm in breaker stage of tomato for uniform ripening within 6 days of storage at ambient temperature. The applied ethephon was estimated as 0.18 - 0.88 ppm at edible stage (6 days of storage), which was lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) (2 ppm of ethephon) and safe for human consumption.
Identiﬁcation of Emphasised Regions in Audio-Visual Presentations

Rapidly expanding archives of audio-visual recordings available online are making unprecedented amounts of information available in many applications. New and efﬁcient techniques to access this information are needed to fully realise the potential of these archives. We investigate the identiﬁcation of areas of intentional or unintentional emphasis during audio-visual presentations and lectures. We ﬁnd that, unlike in audio-only recordings where emphasis can be located using pitch information alone, perceived emphasis can be very much associated with information from the visual stream such as gesticulation. We also investigate potential correlations between emphasised speech, and increased levels of audience engagement during audio-visual presentations and lectures.