Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attributional Thoughts about Consumer Behavior

Two fundamental principles from attribution theory were examined for the role they might play in the psychology of the consumer. They are: (1) perceptions of causality along a stability dimension influence the anticipated likelihood of product satisfaction, and (2) perceptions of causality along a controllability dimension influence judgments of responsibility and retributive actions. Comments about the longevity of an attributional framework, methodological recommendations, and the heuristic value of the theory also are included.
Free-flight encounters between praying mantids (Parasphendale agrionina) and bats (Eptesicus fuscus)

SUMMARY Through staged free-flight encounters between echolocating bats and praying mantids, we examined the effectiveness of two potential predator-evasion behaviors mediated by different sensory modalities: (1) power dive responses triggered by bat echolocation detected by the mantis ultrasound-sensitive auditory system, and (2) `last-ditch' maneuvers triggered by bat-generated wind detected by the mantis cercal system. Hearing mantids escaped more often than deafened mantids (76% vs 34%, respectively; hearing conveyed 42% advantage). Hearing mantis escape rates decreased when bat attack sequences contained very rapid increases in pulse repetition rates (escape rates <40% for transition slopes >16 p.p.s. 10 ms–1; escape rates> 60% for transition slopes <16 p.p.s. 10 ms–1). This suggests that echolocation attack sequences containing very rapid transitions (>16 p.p.s. 10 ms–1) could circumvent mantis/insect auditory defenses. However, echolocation attack sequences containing such transitions occurred in only 15% of the trials. Since mantis ultrasound-mediated responses are not 100% effective, cercal-mediated evasive behaviors triggered by bat-generated wind could be beneficial as a backup/secondary system. Although deafened mantids with functioning cerci did not escape more often than deafened mantids with deactivated cerci (35% vs 32%, respectively), bats dropped mantids with functioning cerci twice as frequently as mantids with deactivated cerci. This latter result was not statistically reliable due to small sample sizes, since this study was not designed to fully evaluate this result. It is an interesting observation that warrants further investigation, however, especially since these dropped mantids always survived the encounter.
Building trust with parties: Are mediators overdoing it?

Trust is a key factor in the dynamics of any attempt to settle a conflict. A mediator may be the needed link between the parties, as long as they trust their mediator. But how far should mediators go to win parties' trust? On the basis of questionnaires filled out by participants in employer-employee mediation, we arrive at a conclusion that differs from the prevailing wisdom. There is a threshold point rather than a linear relationship between the level of trust in the mediator and the degree of conflict resolution. Once the threshold has been reached, additional trust does not necessarily result in a higher level of conflict resolution. Possible explanations are set out and practical implications are discussed.
The Docosatriene Protectin D1 Is Produced by TH2 Skewing and Promotes Human T Cell Apoptosis via Lipid Raft Clustering*

Docosahexaenoic acid, a major ω-3 fatty acid in human brain, synapses, retina, and other neural tissues, displays beneficial actions in neuronal development, cancer, and inflammatory diseases by mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. In this study we found, using lipid mediator informatics employing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, that (10,17S)-docosatriene/neuroprotectin D1, now termed protectin D1 (PD1), is generated from docosahexaenoic acid by T helper type 2-skewed peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a lipoxygenase-dependent manner. PD1 blocked T cell migration in vivo, inhibited tumor necrosis factor α and interferon-γ secretion, and promoted apoptosis mediated by raft clustering. These results demonstrated novel anti-inflammatory roles for PD1 in regulating events associated with inflammation and resolution.
New Approaches to Assessment and Monitoring of Concussion in Children

A “mild” traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes the overwhelming majority of brain injury cases in children and adolescents. This article focuses on cerebral concussion, which can be viewed as a subset of mild TBI, which, until recently, has received limited attention in the pediatric assessment literature. Few extant measures appropriate to this condition in the developing child are available. A “broadband” approach to the assessment and management of concussion in children is presented, stressing the unique goals of the pediatric postinjury evaluation and treatment process in returning to home life, school, and sports/recreation. This approach calls for standardized assessment using diverse methods that tap multiple domains of the child's functioning, gathering input from key respondents across settings. Neuropsychological testing, together with structured symptom rating scales, provides a multilevel view of the effects of the concussion on the child. Structured data obtained with standardized methods from multiple sources provide more reliable and ecologically valid information to facilitate interventions in the child's key home and school environments. New pediatric assessment measures are presented, providing clinicians with tools to assess and manage this injury effectively. Two clinical cases highlight the use of the battery in guiding recovery. Continued research on the broadband concussion assessment model is needed.
Zaire Ebola virus entry into human dendritic cells is insensitive to cathepsin L inhibition

Cathepsins B and L contribute to Ebola virus (EBOV) entry into Vero cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. However, the role of cathepsins in EBOV‐infection of human dendritic cells (DCs), important targets of infection in vivo, remains undefined. Here, EBOV‐like particles containing a β‐lactamase–VP40 fusion reporter and Ebola virus were used to demonstrate the cathepsin dependence of EBOV entry into human monocyte‐derived DCs. However, while DC infection is blocked by cathepsin B inhibitor, it is insensitive to cathepsin L inhibitor. Furthermore, DCs pre‐treated for 48 h with TNFα were generally less susceptible to entry and infection by EBOV. This decrease in infection was associated with a decrease in cathepsin B activity. Thus, cathepsin L plays a minimal, if any, role in EBOV infection in human DCs. The inflammatory cytokine TNFα modulates cathepsin B activity and affects EBOV entry into and infection of human DCs.
The Endocannabinoid Noladin Ether Acts as a Full Agonist at Human CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors

Noladin ether (NE) is a putative endogenously occurring cannabinoid demonstrating agonist activity at CB1 receptors. Because of reported selective affinity for CB1 receptors, the pharmacological actions of NE at CB2 receptors have not been examined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize the binding and functional properties of NE at human CB2 receptors stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as well as in HL-60 cells, which express CB2 receptors endogenously. Surprisingly, in transfected CHO cells, NE exhibits a relatively high nanomolar affinity for CB2 receptors (Ki = 480 nM), comparable to that observed for the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) (Ki = 1016 nM). Furthermore, NE activates G proteins and inhibits the intracellular effector adenylyl cyclase with equivalent efficacy relative to the full cannabinoid agonists 2-AG and CP 55,940 (CP) [(-)-cis-3-[2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl]-trans-4-(3-hydroxypropyl) cyclohexanol]. The rank order of potency for G protein activation and effector regulation by the three agonists is similar to their apparent affinity for CB2 receptors; CP > NE ≥ 2-AG. Regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity by all agonists is inhibited by pertussis toxin pretreatment or by coincubation with AM630 [6-iodo-2-methyl-1-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl](4-methoxyphenyl)-methanone], a CB2 antagonist. Chronic treatment with NE or CP results in CB2 receptor desensitization and down-regulation. All agonists also inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity in HL-60 cells. Together, these data indicate that NE acts as a full agonist at human CB2 receptors and thus might have important physiological functions at peripheral cannabinoid receptors.
Continuing education in Irish higher education: A New Era ahead?

This paper reports on an Action Research project being undertaken in the Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT) to improve the provision of Continuing Education (CE). It reviews the relatively undeveloped state of CE in Ireland and identifies factors which may increase CE in future. Within DIT, a research-led project commenced in 1997 which seeks to improve the situation of CE; this research included staff and student surveys, the results of which are informing the implementation of change in the institute.
A review of the physiological and anthropometrical characteristics of rugby league players

To determine the anthropometric and physiologic characteristics of rugby league players based on a review of literature. Searches of PUBMED, CINHAL, OVID MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and SPORTDISCUS databases were performed for studies published in English from 1948 to May 2008. Terms utilized for the search of relevant research studies included anthropometric, physiologic, rugby league. Qualifying studies were mainly uncontrolled descriptive trials. Outcomes were body mass, sum of skinfolds, muscular power, speed, agility and estimated maximal aerobic power of rugby league players. Excess body fat has a detrimental effect on players’ sporting performance. Forwards have a higher body mass than backs in most, but not in all published studies. Amateur forwards had a higher estimated body fat percentage (19.9%), lower body mass (90.8 kg), lower vertical jump height (38.1 cm) and lower estimated VO2MAX (38.1 ml.kg-1.min-1) than semi-professional and professional players. Anthropometric and physiologic capacities of rugby league players and the physiologic demands of rugby league participation generally increase as the participation levels increase. However, there is evidence that player physiologic capacities may deteriorate as the season progresses. This has been shown to occur with increases in skin fold thickness and some decrement in players’ maximal aerobic power and muscular power over a season.
Prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among young people in The Gambia

Introduction Tobacco consumption and consequent morbidity and mortality are expected to grow most markedly over coming decades in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Preventing tobacco experimentation and uptake among young people in LMICs is therefore vital. However, data on smoking in these countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, remain sparse. Method We used two-stage cluster random sampling to select students in upper and senior secondary schools throughout The Gambia, and a self-administered questionnaire to collect data on their tobacco use, risk factors and demographic details. Results Of 10 392 eligible students, 10 289 (99%; 55% girls and 44% boys, age 12–20 years) participated. The prevalence of ever smoking cigarettes, cigars or pipes was 16.7% (25.7% boys and 9.4% girls) and current (past 30 days) smoking 4.5% (7.9% boys and 1.5% girls). Smoking was more common among students attending private schools (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.22), of Christian or other faiths compared with Muslims, living with parents (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.81), who had smoking allowed in their homes (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.13), with family members who smoked or had one or more friends who smoked. Most (55.6%) smokers want to stop, but only 22% received any stop smoking support. Ever smoking of shisha, at 8.1%, was unexpectedly high, and relatively prevalent among girls (11.4% of boys and 5.4% of girls). Conclusions Tobacco use is common among young people in The Gambia. Shisha smoking is also common in this population, and in relative terms especially among girls. Further work is required to determine whether this is a problem local to The Gambia or reflects a wider pattern of tobacco use in sub-Saharan Africa.
The effects of teaching primary caregivers to conduct formative assessment on caregiver–child social interaction and children’s developmental outcomes

The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of teaching primary caregivers to conduct formative assessment procedures on the development of social interactions between themselves and their infants who were born prematurely and had low birth weight, and who were from economically disadvantaged families. Children’s overall development including communication skills was also investigated. A single subject multiple baseline design was applied across settings and participants. Different from most previous studies with professionals as the assessment and intervention providers, the current study trained parents and/or grandparents as the core individuals in conducting formative assessment in the home setting. Social interaction between the primary caregiver and the child was videotaped, coded, and analysed. Findings suggest that teaching caregivers to conduct formative assessment with regular support from professionals has a positive impact on caregiver–child social interactions and the child’s communication skills and overall development.
amoA-based consensus phylogeny of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and deep sequencing of amoA genes from soils of four different geographic regions

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) play an important role in nitrification and many studies exploit their amoA genes as marker for their diversity and abundance. We present an archaeal amoA consensus phylogeny based on all publicly available sequences (status June 2010) and provide evidence for the diversification of AOA into four previously recognized clusters and one newly identified major cluster. These clusters, for which we suggest a new nomenclature, harboured 83 AOA species-level OTU (using an inferred species threshold of 85% amoA identity). 454 pyrosequencing of amoA amplicons from 16 soils sampled in Austria, Costa Rica, Greenland and Namibia revealed that only 2% of retrieved sequences had no database representative on the species-level and represented 30–37 additional species-level OTUs. With the exception of an acidic soil from which mostly amoA amplicons of the Nitrosotalea cluster were retrieved, all soils were dominated by amoA amplicons from the Nitrososphaera cluster (also called group I.1b), indicating that the previously reported AOA from the Nitrosopumilus cluster (also called group I.1a) are absent or represent minor populations in soils. AOA richness estimates on the species level ranged from 8–83 co-existing AOAs per soil. Presence/absence of amoA OTUs (97% identity level) correlated with geographic location, indicating that besides contemporary environmental conditions also dispersal limitation across different continents and/or historical environmental conditions might influence AOA biogeography in soils.
Ultra wideband bandpass filter using microstrip-slot couplers combined with dumbbell slots and H-shaped stubs

A bandpass filter (BPF) that covers the ultra wideband (UWB) frequency range of 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz is presented. The filter uses multi-layer microstrip-slot couplers combined with dumbbell slots in the ground plane and H-shaped stubs at the input/output ports to achieve high quality bandpass and band-rejection performance. The simulated results show that the designed filter has a UWB passband with an insertion loss less than 0.5dB and a return loss greater than 25dB at the centre of the passband. The device also exhibits sharp and wide low and high frequency stopbands. The simulated group delay of the filter indicates a low peak-to-peak variation of around 0.2ns across the passband. It features a compact size of 1.5cm×2cm when developed on RT6010 with dielectric constant of 10.2.
Relationship Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and Borderline Personality Disorder in Women Psychiatric Inpatients

The rclationshp between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) in 50 women psychiauic inpatients was examined. Inpatienfs were inletviewed using he Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (Revised) (DIB-R). Women sexually abused as children (n = 30) scored significantly higher than those who were not (n = 20) on the total DIB-R and three of its four section scores. Women sexually abused as children were significantly more likely to have a definite diagnosis of BPD than women not sexually abused as children. who largely exhibited symptom patterns indicative of diagnoses other than BPD. An unexpected finding was that women sexually abused as children were more likely to have eating disorders than those who were not. Treatment for borderlines should explicilly address and validate the tremendous consequences of CSA on etiology and course of symptoms.
Innervation patterns of sea otter (Enhydra lutris) mystacial follicle-sinus complexes

Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) are the most recent group of mammals to return to the sea, and may exemplify divergent somatosensory tactile systems among mammals. Therefore, we quantified the mystacial vibrissal array of sea otters and histologically processed follicle-sinus complexes (F - SCs) to test the hypotheses that the number of myelinated axons per F - SC is greater than that found for terrestrial mammalian vibrissae and that their organization and microstructure converge with those of pinniped vibrissae. A mean of 120.5 vibrissae were arranged rostrally on a broad, blunt muzzle in 7–8 rows and 9–13 columns. The F-SCs of sea otters are tripartite in their organization and similar in microstructure to pinnipeds rather than terrestrial species. Each F-SC was innervated by a mean 1339 ± 408.3 axons. Innervation to the entire mystacial vibrissal array was estimated at 161,313 axons. Our data support the hypothesis that the disproportionate expansion of the coronal gyrus in somatosensory cortex of sea otters is related to the high innervation investment of the mystacial vibrissal array, and that quantifying innervation investment is a good proxy for tactile sensitivity. We predict that the tactile performance of sea otter mystacial vibrissae is comparable to that of harbor seals, sea lions and walruses.
Distributed Generation Interface to the CERTS Microgrid

This paper focuses on the energy storage system and the power electronic interface included in microsources of the CERTS microgrid. CERTS stands for the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions. The consortium was formed in 1999 to research, develop, and disseminate new methods, tools, and technologies to protect and enhance the reliability of the U.S. electric power system and efficiency of competitive electricity markets. To provide the plug-and-play feature and the power quality requirements of the CERTS microgrid, all microsources regardless of their prime mover type must have a unified dynamic performance. This necessitates attaching an energy storage module to some or all of the microsources. The storage module is attached to the prime mover through a power electronic interface that couples the microsource to the microgrid. Details of the energy storage module, the power electronic interface and the corresponding controls are described. Performance of an example microsource, which includes a synchronous generator, a storage module and an electronic interface, is studied. Dynamic performance of the example microsource when operating in the CERTS microgrid is evaluated based on digital time-domain simulations in the EMTP-RV software environment. Effectiveness of the storage module, the electronic interface and the corresponding controls in enhancing the microsource performance is verified.
Causality Information and Fossil Collection in Time Warp Simulations

This paper presents a time warp fossil collection mechanism that functions without need for a GVT estimation algorithm. Effectively each logical process (LP) collects causality information during normal event execution and then each LP utilizes this information to identify fossils. In this mechanism, LPs use constant size vectors (that are independent of the total number of parallel simulation objects) as timestamps called Plausible Total Clocks to disseminate causality information. For proper operation, this mechanism requires that the communication layer preserves a FIFO ordering on messages. A detailed description of this new fossil collection mechanism and its proof of correctness is presented in this paper
Scalability of Confidence-Based Autonomy Multi-Robot Demonstration Learning

In this paper, we present the first application of demonstration learning to more than two robots and perform an analysis of the scalability of the Confidence-Based Auton omy (CBA) multi-robot demonstration learning algorithm. Thro ugh experimental evaluation using up to seven Sony AIBO robots, we examine how the number of robots being taught by a human teacher at the same time affects the number of demonstration s required to learn the task, the time and attention demands on the teacher, and the delay each robot experiences in obtaini ng a demonstration. Additionally, we contribute an analysis of a special case of CBA learning in which all robots learn a commo n task policy.
Balancing push and pull for data broadcast

The increasing ability to interconnect computers through internet-working, wireless networks, high-bandwidth satellite, and cable networks has spawned a new class of information-centered applications based on data dissemination. These applications employ broadcast to deliver data to very large client populations. We have proposed the Broadcast Disks paradigm [Zdon94, Acha95b] for organizing the contents of a data broadcast program and for managing client resources in response to such a program. Our previous work on Broadcast Disks focused exclusively on the “push-based” approach, where data is sent out on the broadcast channel according to a periodic schedule, in anticipation of client requests. In this paper, we study how to augment the push-only model with a “pull-based” approach of using a backchannel to allow clients to send explicit requests for data to the server. We analyze the scalability and performance of a broadcast-based system that integrates push and pull and study the impact of this integration on both the steady state and warm-up performance of clients. Our results show that a client backchannel can provide significant performance improvement in the broadcast environment, but that unconstrained use of the backchannel can result in scalability problems due to server saturation. We propose and investigate a set of three techniques that can delay the onset of saturation and thus, enhance the performance and scalability of the system.
A Descriptive Analysis of the Mental Health Program Worker Training Project

new workers be trained to utilize those techniques. In addition, it was a response to the growing concern that as our theoretical basis for transacting with people in trouble changed from a custodial to a social-cultural model the traditional mental health disciplines were not adequately prepared to meet the new service demands. This decision was also influenced by the knowledge that previous attempts to retrain existing hospital disciplines in the new social interaction approach had met with little success. Therefore, the conclusion was made that new roles and new professionals who could assume a generalist approach in a full range of inpatient and outpatient services were needed.