Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Data-driven local polynomial for the trend and its derivatives in economic time series

ABSTRACT The main purpose of this paper is the development of data-driven iterative plug-in algorithms for local polynomial estimation of the trend and its derivatives under dependent errors. Furthermore, a data-driven lag-window estimator for the variance factor in the bandwidth is proposed so that the nonparametric stage is carried out without any parametric assumption on the stationary errors. Analysis of the residuals using an ARMA model is further discussed. Moreover, some computational features of the data-driven algorithms are discussed in detail. Practical performance of the proposals is confirmed by a simulation study and a comparative study, and illustrated by quarterly US GDP and labour force data. An R package called ‘smoots’ (smoothing time series) for smoothing the trend and its derivatives in short-memory time series is developed based on the proposals of this paper.
Food Insecurity and Mental Health among Venezuelan Migrants and Refugees Living in Peru: Secondary Data Analysis of a Cross-Sectional Survey

The objective of this study was to analyze the association between food insecurity and mental health in Venezuelan migrants and refugees residing in Peru using data from the Survey Directed at the Venezuelan Population Residing in the Country (ENPOVE) conducted in 2022. The analysis included 7739 Venezuelan adults. The presence of mental health problems was self-reported, and household food insecurity was measured using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale. The study found that 4 out of 10 participants lived in households with moderate to severe food insecurity, and around 10% reported experiencing some mental health problem in the last month. The study identified a positive association between living in households with moderate to severe food insecurity and having some mental health problem compared to living in households without food insecurity. The findings suggest that food insecurity is a common problem among the Venezuelan migrant population residing in Peru, and measures are required to address this problem and mitigate its consequences on mental health and other health problems. The study highlights the need for international organizations to provide assistance and support to these populations and ensure adequate and sustainable follow-up of food insecurity at the national level. It is also necessary to implement early detection tests for mental health problems in the migrant population, especially in individuals exposed to food insecurity. This study provides relevant evidence for addressing public health in the Venezuelan migrant population residing in Peru.
Prediction of wave overtopping discharges at coastal structures using interpretable machine learning

ABSTRACT Appropriate estimation and prediction of wave overtopping discharges are very important in terms of economics, port structure stability, and port operation. In recent years, machine learning (ML) techniques, which predict by finding statistical structures from input/output data using computers, have generated interest. However, as the complexity of ML models increases, interpreting their results becomes increasingly difficult. Interpretation of ML results is an important part in developing an efficient structure design strategy for improved wave overtopping discharge estimation. Therefore, in this study, eight linear/nonlinear ML models were applied to the same data, and a pipeline model for selecting an ML model suitable for data characteristics was developed. In addition, the importance of variables related to the prediction of wave overtopping discharges and their correlations were analyzed by interpretable ML. The research results showed that the extreme gradient boosting model had the highest prediction accuracy and significantly reduced the error. Accordingly, a data-based model can be a new alternative for analyzing the complex physical relationships in the field of coastal engineering and used as a starting point toward structure design and development for coastal disaster prevention.
Counter-gradient diffusion of Reynolds stress in turbulent Couette flow with forward-facing step

The turbulent Couette flow with a forward-facing step (sudden contraction) is investigated experimentally and numerically. The particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement and direct numerical simulation (DNS) prove peculiar turbulence behavior, the counter-gradient diffusion of the Reynolds stress, near the front part of the corner separation on the forward step. The negative turbulence production which follows the counter-gradient diffusion is then evaluated through quadrant analysis. The negative contribution of Q1 and Q3 events inside the shear layer increases with decreasing the Reynolds number. The effect makes the counter-gradient diffusion rather pronounced in lower Reynolds number flows.
An Environmentally Safe Production of Xylanases by Fusarium sp. EA 1.3.1 Using Agroindustrial Residues: Biochemical Characterization and Potential Applications

Renewable energy-related biotechnologies such as biofuels produced from low-cost residual sources that represent clean technologies have become a partial solution to environmental problems. We sought to optimize the cultivation parameters of the fungus Fusarium sp. EA1.3. 1 and biochemically characterize the naturally produced xylanases from the fungus. The development of the fungus was analyzed considering the variations in the resources available and by biochemical analysis of the crude extract. The composition and duration of the cultivation, nitrogen source, carbon source, salt solution, and initial pH of the medium were evaluated. The maximum xylanolytic production was obtained in Khanna medium enriched with a CP salts solution during four days of culture using yeast extract, wheat bran, and an initial pH of 8.5 for the culture medium. The optimum temperature and pH were 65°C and 6.5, respectively, for the xylanase activity from Fusarium sp. EA 1.3. 1. The enzymatic extract presented general stability at 50°C, keeping 75% of its activity after 90 minutes of incubation, and its activity decreased to 20-40% with exposure to higher temperatures (60-70°C). The enzyme also presented high stability at pH 5.0 after 90 minutes, maintaining 85% of its relative activity. Thus, the isolated fungus presents high potential for xylanase production with desired biochemical and biophysical properties for industrial application.
TGD View about Universal Galactic Rotation Curves for Spiral Galaxies

The observed universality of rotation curves for spiral galaxies is a challenge for TGD inspired model of galaxy formation. In TGD universality reduces to scaling invariance of the rotation curves natural since TGD Universe is quantum critical. The study of mini spiral galaxies supports the conclusion that they have a dark matter core of radius of few parsecs - 2-3 times the optical radius. This is a problem in the halo models. The simplest TGD based explanation is that galaxies correspond to knots or even spaghetti like tangles of long dark strings defining a kind of necklace containing galaxies as pearls. The model also suggests that dark matter core gives rise to Fermi bubble. Dark cosmic ray protons from supermassive galactic black hole containing dark matter would scatter from dark matter and some fraction of the produced dark photons would transform to ordinary ones. This would take place only inside the dark matter sphere and double sphere structure would be due to the fact that cosmic rays would not proceed far in galactic plane.
Predictors of Quality of Life in HIV-Infected Persons from Mozambique: The Dual Role of Schooling

Increasing quality of life (QoL) is both an end in itself and a means to optimize the impact of treatment in HIV-infected persons. Possibly due to cultural and social influences, the predictors of QoL vary across studies, highlighting the importance of studying specific populations. In the present study, we aimed to determine the sociodemographic (age, sex and schooling, or number of years at school) and psychosocial correlates (meaning in life, social support, positive and negative affects) of QoL in HIV-infected persons living in Mozambique, a country with a high prevalence of HIV but also with well-structured strategies to fight the disease. To that end, we made correlational analyses followed by regression models and examined potential mediation processes among predictors. All correlates were relevant except for sex. Meaning in life was the strongest predictor, while social support was the weakest. Schooling was both directly and indirectly related with QoL—in the latter case, it was mediated by meaning in life, social support and positive affect. Our findings suggest that investments in education may be highly rewarding to Mozambicans, and that satisfying needs for self-actualization and purpose may be more urgent than improving social connections.
A Technique for Real‐Time Ionospheric Ranging Error Correction Based On Radar Dual‐Frequency Detection

Ionospheric refraction is one of the principal error sources for limiting the accuracy of radar systems for space target detection. High‐accuracy measurement of the ionospheric electron density along the propagation path of radar wave is the most important procedure for the ionospheric refraction correction. Traditionally, the ionospheric model and the ionospheric detection instruments, like ionosonde or GPS receivers, are employed for obtaining the electron density. However, both methods are not capable of satisfying the requirements of correction accuracy for the advanced space target radar system. In this study, we propose a novel technique for ionospheric refraction correction based on radar dual‐frequency detection. Radar target range measurements at two adjacent frequencies are utilized for calculating the electron density integral exactly along the propagation path of the radar wave, which can generate accurate ionospheric range correction. The implementation of radar dual‐frequency detection is validated by a P band radar located in midlatitude China. The experimental results present that the accuracy of this novel technique is more accurate than the traditional ionospheric model correction. The technique proposed in this study is very promising for the high‐accuracy radar detection and tracking of objects in geospace.
DRM: Stata module to fit Sobel's Diagonal Reference Model (DRM)

drm is a module to estimate several versions of Sobel's (Am. Soc. Rev. 1981, 1985) diagonal reference model. Diagonal reference models are especially suited for the estimation of effects of movements across levels of categorical variables like education or social class. drm allows for a number of extensions that go beyond Sobel's most simple model. In particular, weights are allowed to vary conditional on 'destinations' and 'origins' and may be interacted with an arbitrary linear combination of covariates. Furthermore, diagonal population means may be estimated conditional on a further (set of) variable(s). Finally, next to the linear link function, drm allows for logit as well as probit links to estimate models with a binary dependent variable.
Effects of Different Organic Vermicomposts Media as Alternative Growth Media for the Culture of Spirulina

: Nowadays, operational costs of culturing Spirulina , notably the costs of the culture media and the regulation of inhibitors in the medium, are the main barriers for scaling up this bioprocess. Hence, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of different vermicomposts incorporated with Zarrouk Medium (ZM) for the cultivation of Spirulina. In this study, experiments consists of 8 groups. Group 1 is vermimedia (VM) prepared from vermicompost using Eudrilus eugeniae with ZM (10 ml/l); group 2 is VM prepared from decomposed materials of Jasminum sambac using E. eugeniae worms with ZM (10 ml/l); group 3 is VM prepared from decomposed materials of Celosia argentea using E. eugeniae worms with ZM (10 ml/l); group 4 is VM prepared from decomposed materials of Penaeus indicus compost using E. eugeniae worms with ZM (10 ml/l); group 5 is VM prepared from vermicompost using Eisenia fetida with ZM (10 ml/l); group 6 is VM prepared from decomposed materials of J. sambac using E. fetida worms with ZM (10 ml/l); group 7 is VM prepared from decomposed materials of C. argentea using E. fetida worms with ZM (10 ml/l); and group 8 is VM prepared from decomposed materials of P. indicus compost using E. fetida worms with ZM (10 ml/l). The total biomass, chlorophyll and major biochemical profile contents were estimated using standard methods. For this study, the P. indicus compost using E. eugeniae worms with ZM has resulted in highest biomass concentration when compared to other VM materials (2.2±0.3 g/l) and the highest protein and chlorophyll content was also recorded in group 3. The biochemical profiles such as nitrogen (7.3±0.32), calcium (316.60±36.97), chlorophyll (1408.987±7.505), potassium (796.2533±6.35), magnesium (796.2533±6.35), iron (20.63±1.7) and total organic carbon (28.12±3.46) were also significantly higher in the group 3 when compared to other VM. Based on our experimental results, it is concluded that modified organic media could be used for better biomass yield.
The Global Financial Crisis and Economic Growth: An Analysis of the East Asian Economies

Along with more its integrated economy in middle globalization era, crisis finances that occur in a country can with easy spread to countries other and become a global financial disaster in period time which short. On incident sort of this, very strong economic fundamentals important for maintain something country from effect crisis which "infectious". As proof, because it is fundamental economy Which fragile And lack of credibility government, East Asian economies can attacked with easy by crisis on year 1997 so market confidence is deteriorating. however , Asia This East has Study Lots from incident on year 1997 is so it can be prove its resilience in face crisis finance global that hit in 2008 with increase fundamentals the economy as well as credibility para policy makers. This paper started with theory about growth economy And crisis finance. Furthermore, empirically test so far where crisis finance on year 1997 And 2008 affected Asian economies East with use data panel econometrics. The evidence shows that, though second crisis has give impact bad on economy East Asia, crisis wave 2008 relatively No more critical than crisis year 1997. Finally, study this also provides an explanation more carry on about how economy Asia East has succeeded in minimizing the impact of the crisis global on year 2008.
City-level meteorological conditions modify the relationships between exposure to multiple air pollutants and the risk of pediatric hand, foot, and mouth disease in the Sichuan Basin, China

Background Several studies have examined the effects of city-level meteorological conditions on the associations between meteorological factors and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) risk. However, evidence that city-level meteorological conditions modify air pollutant-HFMD associations is lacking. Methods For each of the 17 cities in the Sichuan Basin, we obtained estimates of the relationship between exposures to multiple air pollutants and childhood HFMD risk by using a unified distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM). Multivariate meta-regression models were used to identify the effects of city-level meteorological conditions as effect modifiers. Finally, we conducted subgroup analyses of age and sex to explore whether the modification effects varied in different subgroups. Results The associations between PM2.5/CO/O3 and HFMD risk showed moderate or substantial heterogeneity among cities ( I2 statistics: 48.5%, 53.1%, and 61.1%). Temperature conditions significantly modified the PM2.5-HFMD association, while relative humidity and rainfall modified the O3-HFMD association. Low temperatures enhanced the protective effect of PM2.5 exposure against HFMD risk [PM2.5 <32.7 μg/m3 or PM2.5 >100 μg/m3, at the 99th percentile: relative risk (RR) = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03–0.60]. Low relative humidity increased the adverse effect of O3 exposure on HFMD risk (O3 >128.7 μg/m3, at the 99th percentile: RR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.48–4.50). However, high rainfall decreased the risk of HFMD due to O3 exposure (O3: 14.1–41.4 μg/m3). In addition, the modification effects of temperature and relative humidity differed in the female and 3–5 years-old subgroups. Conclusion Our findings revealed moderate or substantial heterogeneity in multiple air pollutant-HFMD relationships. Temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall modified the relationships between PM2.5 or O3 exposure and HFMD risk.
Numerical Inversion for the Initial Distribution in the Multi-Term Time-Fractional Diffusion Equation Using Final Observations

This article deals with numerical inversion for the initial distribution in the multi-term time-fractional diffusion equation using final observations. The inversion problem is of instability, but it is uniquely solvable based on the solution's expression for the forward problem and estimation to the multivariate Mittag-Leffler function. From view point of optimality, solving the inversion problem is transformed to minimizing a cost functional, and existence of a minimum is proved by the weakly lower semi-continuity of the functional. Furthermore, the homotopy regularization algorithm is introduced based on the minimization problem to perform numerical inversions, and the inversion solutions with noisy data give good approximations to the exact initial distribution demonstrating the efficiency of the inversion algorithm.
Powerful Elliptically Polarized Terahertz Radiation from Oscillating-Laser-Driven Discharge Surface Currents

This work presents a general concept of an intense laser-driven source of strong electromagnetic waves, which can be used for obtaining powerful terahertz radiation with controlled polarization. It is shown that the irradiation of a solid target surface by short relativistic laser pulses at small angles provides the excitation of strong compact relativistic discharge current pulses, propagating in a certain direction. For elliptical targets, this current emits elliptically polarized electromagnetic radiation at a given frequency with the ellipticity and the spectra defined by the target geometry. The proposed setup allows reaching extreme THz intensities and provides easy control of the radiation parameters, making it attractive for various scientific and technological applications.
A HIGH-RESOLUTION VAN LEER-TYPE SCHEME FOR A MODEL OF FLUID FLOWS IN A NOZZLE WITH VARIABLE CROSS-SECTION

We present a high-resolution van Leer-type numerical scheme for the isentropic model of ﬂuid ﬂows in a nozzle with variable cross- section. Basically, the scheme is an improvement of the Godunov-type scheme. The scheme is shown to be well-balanced, as it can capture exactly equilibrium states. Numerical tests are conducted which include comparisons between the van Leer-type scheme and the Godunov-type scheme. It is shown that the van Leer-type scheme achieves a very good accuracy for initial data belong to both supersonic and supersonic regions, and the exact solution eventually possesses a resonant phenomenon. Classiﬁcation. Primary 35L65, 74XX; Secondary 76N10, 76L05.
Indeterminacy and Imperfect information

We study equilibrium determination in an environment where two kinds of agents have different information sets: The fully informed agents know the structure of the model and observe histories of all exogenous and endogenous variables. The less informed agents observe only a strict subset of the full information set. All types of agents form expectations rationally, but agents with limited information need to solve a dynamic signal extraction problem to gather information about the variables they do not observe. In this environment, we identify a new channel that leads to equilibrium indeterminacy: Optimal information processing of the less informed agent introduces stable dynamics into the equation system that lead to self-fulling expectations. For parameter values that imply a unique equilibrium under full information, the limited information rational expectations equilibrium is indeterminate. We illustrate our framework with a monetary policy problem where an imperfectly informed central bank follows an interest rate rule.
The Unintended Consequences of Amplifying the Radical Right on Twitter

ABSTRACT The emergence of the radical right signals that social norms and values are changing. Existing literature suggests that citizens choose to voice their concerns when faced with the erosion of democracy. In this paper, we look at the consequences of citizens using quoted tweets to express negative sentiments to denounce and discredit the radical right. Using Twitter data from Portugal, we use node embeddings to map out interactions on social media. Subsequently, we estimate a deep-learning automated sentiment analysis of quoted tweets and use a vector auto-regression model to forecast who contributes the most to the growth of the radical right on Twitter. Our findings show that users amplify the radical right’s original message via weak ties and cascade effects in making negative quoted tweets. Ultimately, denouncing the radical right backfires and helps nascent illiberal parties to reach out to more users in the network and gain more users.
Evidence-based Application of Acupuncture in Equine Practice

Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (TCVM) including acupuncture has been used to treat disease and relieve pain in horses for more than 2,000 years. A review of the current knowledge of the mechanisms of acupuncture stimulation is presented. An emphasis is placed on electro-acupuncture, which can release neurotransmitters such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) and endogenous opioids including β-endorphin, to relieve pain. Acupuncture has been shown to be a viable integrative treatment for equine back pain, foot pain, cervical stiffness, laryngeal hemiplegia and infertility. Acupoint sensitivity on palpation may be useful for the assessment of lameness along with conventional diagnostics in horses. Future well-designed studies are needed in order to strengthen the recommendation for acupuncture in the diagnosis and treatment of clinical conditions in horses.
‘Out of sight, out of mind’: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of young people’s experience of isolation rooms/booths in UK mainstream secondary schools

ABSTRACT Internal isolation has become a mainstay of behaviour management across UK schools. However, despite the extensive use of isolation rooms/booths (IRBs), the supporting evidence-base for such measures remains scant. In contrast, there is growing concern about the impact such punitive spaces have on well-being. This study used the methodological framework of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to explore how young people made meaning of their lived experiences of isolation rooms/booths (IRBs) in UK mainstream secondary schools through the lens of psychology. Unstructured interviews were conducted with five participants aged 11–18 with repeated experiences of spending time in IRBs. This article focuses on the superordinate theme ‘The Process’ (a restrictive process, the punishment, a process that separates). The findings highlight the impact of isolation on YP’s well-being and add to the evidence-base for further understanding IRBs, whilst questioning their appropriateness as a legitimate, psychologically safe sanction in schools.