Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is MgIIλ2800 a reliable virial broadening estimator for quasars

Context. Broad Mgii�2800 and Hlines have emerged as the most reliable virial estimators of black hole mass in quasars. Which is more reliable? Part of the challenge centers on comparing Mgii�2800 and Hline profiles in order to improve the ± 1 dex MBH uncertainties inherent in single-epoch FWHM measures from noisy spectra. Aims. Comparison of Mgii�2800 and Hprofile measures in the same sources and especially FWHM measures that provide the virial broadening estimator. Methods. Identification of 680 bright Sloan Digital Sky Survey DataRelease 7 quasars with spectra showing both Mgii�2800 and Hlines, at redshift 0.4 � z � 0.75. The s/n of these spectra are high enough to allow binning in the "four-dimensional (4D) eigenvector 1" optical plane and construction of high s/n composite spectra. Results. We confirm that Mgii�2800 shows a profile that is � 20% narrower as sug- gested in some previous studies. FWHM measures for Population B sources (i.e., with FWHM of Hlarger than 4000 km s 1 ) are uncertain because they show complex pro- files with at least two broad-line components involving a nearly unshifted broad and redshifted very-broad component. Only the broad component is likely to be a valid virial estimator. If Hand Mgii�2800 are not corrected for the very broad compo- nent then black hole mass MBH values for Population B sources will be systematically overestimated by up tologMBH � 0.3 0.4 dex. We suggest a simple correction that can be applied to the majority of sources. Mgii�2800 is the safer virial estimator for Population B sources because the centroid shifts with respect to rest frame are lower than for H�. In the broad and very broad component profile interpretation this is a consequence of the lower very broad to broad component intensity ratio for Mgii�2800. Eigenvector-based studies show that effective discrimination of black hole mass and Eddington ratio at fixed redshift is not achieved via luminosity binning but rather by binning in a "4D eigenvector 1" context that reflects different broad line region geometry/kinematics likely driven by Eddington ratio.
Large‐scale mammal monitoring: The potential of a citizen science camera‐trapping project in the United Kingdom

1. In light of global biodiversity loss, there is an increasing need for large-scale wildlife monitoring. This is difficult for mammals, since they can be elusive and nocturnal. In the United Kingdom, there is a lack of systematic, widespread mammal monitoring, and a recognized deficiency of data. Innovative new approaches are required. We developed MammalWeb, a portal to enable UK-wide camera by a network of citizen scientists and partner organizations. MammalWeb citizen scientists contribute to both the collection and classification of camera trap data. Following trials in 2013–2017, MammalWeb has grown organically to increase its geographic reach (e.g. ∼ 2000 sites in Britain). It has so far provided the equivalent of over 340 camera trap-years of wild mammal monitoring, and produced nearly 440,000classifiedimagesequencesandvideos,ofwhich,over180,000aremammal detections. We describe of bias relative to ad hoc observational data. Estimating abundance presents chal-lenges,asformanycamera-trappingstudies,butwediscussthepotentialofthedata as they stand, and opportunities to advance their value for abundance estimation. 5. Challenges remain to MammalWeb’s central missions of enhancing engagement with and connection to nature, and delivering policy-relevant data on Britain’s wild mammals. We discuss these challenges and the opportunities they provide for advances in respect of engagement, science and financial security. 6. Our approach reduces administrative burden and increases spatial coverage and, as such, MammalWeb provides a useful addition to existing case studies of citizen science camera-trapping program design. We believe MammalWeb is an important step towards fulfilling calls for UK-wide mammal monitoring and our description of challenges identifies an agenda for fulfilling that purpose.
Genes, Structural, and Biochemical Characterization of Four Chlorophyllases from Solanum lycopersicum

Recent studies have confirmed that chlorophyllase (CLH), a long-found chlorophyll (Chl) dephytylation enzyme for initiating Chl catabolism, has no function in leaf senescence-related Chl breakdown. Yet, CLH is considered to be involved in fruit degreening and responds to external and hormonal stimuli. The purpose of this work was to elucidate in detail the biochemical, structural properties, and gene expression of four CLHs from the Solanum lycopersicum genome so as to understand the roles of Solanum lycopersicum chlorophyllases (SlCLHs). SlCLH1/4 were the predominantly expressed CLH genes during leaf and fruit development/ripening stages, and SlCLH1 in mature green fruit was modulated by light. SlCLH1/2/3/4 contained a highly conserved GHSXG lipase motif and a Ser-Asp-His catalytic triad. We identified Ser159, Asp226, and His258 as the essential catalytic triad by site-directed mutagenesis in recombinant SlCLH1. Kinetic analysis of the recombinant enzymes revealed that SlCLH1 had high hydrolysis activities against Chl a, Chl b, and pheophytin a (Phein a), but preferred Chl a and Chl b over Phein a; SlCLH2/3 only showed very low activity to Chl a and Chl b, while SlCLH4 showed no Chl dephytylation activity. The recombinant SlCLH1/2/3 had different pH stability and temperature optimum. Removal of the predicted N-terminal processing peptide caused a partial loss of activity in recombinant SlCLH1/2 but did not compromise SlCLH3 activity. These different characteristics among SlCLHs imply that they may have different physiological functions in tomato.
Impact Of Planets For The Formation Of Human Faces In The Aspects Of Pattern Recognition

Universe is a vast empty space around us that consists of stars, Solar system and galaxies. The sun in the middle binds our solar system and all other planets such as Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto revolve around the sun in a magnetic path called an orbit. Each planet in the solar system rotates itself in its own path. These planets revolves and rotates in different speed which cause adverse changes in climatic conditions. According to the Newtons “ Law Of Motion” , ie Motion of an object depends on a force. The planets revolve around the sun in a regular path of motion by the magnetic force provided by the sun. This magnetic force differs by mass of the planet and distance of the planet from the sun. The planets are arranged at different distances to avoid collusion. So, these difference in distance produces differential speed of each planet. ie, Speed α Distance The other main factor for the planet to rotate in a regular path lies in the centre of gravity , produced by the positioning of the planets. As the planets are titled in a particular angle, they are balanced in their way of motion. Speed of the planets and their distance from the sun provides their own tilting angle. Each planet has their own characteristics and power. The distance between the planets are arranged in such a way that the magnetic flex of one planet should not intersect with the nearest planet. The characteristics of the planets gets changed only if there is a change in the arrangement of the solar system[1]. The existing living beings in the planets deserve to change heavily when there is a slight change in the solar system. The definition of life lies between birth and death. Hence these conditions makes living beings to possess different characters. Based on each characteristics, the position of the face parameters are formed.
Waveguide metacouplers for in-plane polarimetry

The state of polarization (SOP) is an inherent property of the vectorial nature of light and a crucial parameter in a wide range of remote sensing applications. Nevertheless, the SOP is rather cumbersome to probe experimentally, as conventional detectors only respond to the intensity of the light, hence loosing the phase information between orthogonal vector components. In this work, we propose a new type of polarimeter that is compact and well-suited for in-plane optical circuitry, while allowing for immediate determination of the SOP through simultaneous retrieval of the associated Stokes parameters. The polarimeter is based on plasmonic phase-gradient birefringent metasurfaces that facilitate normal incident light to launch in-plane photonic waveguide modes propagating in six predefined directions with the coupling efficiencies providing a direct measure of the incident SOP. The functionality and accuracy of the polarimeter, which essentially is an all-polarization sensitive waveguide metacoupler, is confirmed through full-wave simulations at the operation wavelength of 1.55$\mu$m.
Microfluidic Devices and Microfluidics-Integrated Electrochemical and Optical (Bio)Sensors for Pollution Analysis: A Review

An overview of the recent research works and trends in the design and fabrication of microfluidic devices and microfluidics-integrated biosensors for pollution analysis and monitoring of environmental contaminants is presented in this paper. In alignment with the tendency in miniaturization and integration into “lab on a chip” devices to reduce the use of reagents, energy, and implicit processing costs, the most common and newest materials used in the fabrication of microfluidic devices and microfluidics-integrated sensors and biosensors, the advantages and disadvantages of materials, fabrication methods, and the detection methods used for microfluidic environmental analysis are synthesized and evaluated.
Cardiolipin for Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Thermosensitive Liposome-Encapsulated Daunorubicin toward Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Daunorubicin (DNR) and cardiolipin (CL) were co-delivered using thermosensitive liposomes (TSLs). 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1-myristoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (MSPC), cholesterol, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] or DSPE-mPEG (2000) and CL were used in the formulation of liposomes at a molar ratio of 57:40:30:3:20, respectively. CL forms raft-like microdomains that may relocate and change lipid organization of the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes. Such transbilayer lipid movement eventually leads to membrane permeabilization. TSLs were prepared by thin-film hydration (drug:lipid ratio 1:5) where DNR was encapsulated within the aqueous core of the liposomes and CL acted as a component of the lipid bilayer. The liposomes exhibited high drug encapsulation efficiency (>90%), small size (~115 nm), narrow size distribution (polydispersity index ~0.12), and a rapid release profile under the influence of mild hyperthermia. The liposomes also exhibited ~4-fold higher cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells compared to DNR or liposomes similar to DaunoXome® (p < 0.001). This study provides a basis for developing a co-delivery system of DNR and CL encapsulated in liposomes for treatment of breast cancer.
Invariants, Scaling Laws, and Ecological Complexity

There has been much debate about scaling laws in nature. It is believed that as body size increases the number of individuals in the population decreases. As Marquet explains in his Perspective, an elegant new study in two totally separate stream communities ( Schmid et al.) confirms that this scaling law holds across more than 400 species of invertebrates.
Experimental radiative lifetimes for highly excited states and calculated oscillator strengths for lines of astrophysical interest in singly ionized cobalt (Co ii)

This work reports new experimental radiative lifetimes and calculated oscillator strengths for transitions of astrophysical interest in singly ionized cobalt. More precisely, 19 radiative lifetimes in Co+ have been measured with the time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence technique using one- and two-step excitations. Out of these, seven belonging to the high lying 3d7(4F)4d configuration in the energy range 90 697-93 738 cm-1 are new, and the other 12 from the 3d7(4F)4p configuration with energies between 45 972 and 49 328 cm-1 are compared with previous measurements. In addition, a relativistic Hartree-Fock model including core-polarization effects has been employed to compute transition rates. Supported by the good agreement between theory and experiment for the lifetimes, new reliable transition probabilities and oscillator strengths have been deduced for 5080 Co ii transitions in the spectral range 114-8744 nm.
Fabrication of CeO2/GCE for Electrochemical Sensing of Hydroquinone

Hydroquinone is a widely used derivative of phenol which has a negative influence on human beings and the environment. The determination of the accurate amount of hydroquinone is of great importance. Recently, the fabrication of an electrochemical sensing device has received enormous attention. In this study, we reported on the facile synthesis of cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs). The CeO2 NPs were synthesized using cerium nitrate hexahydrate as a precursor. For determining the physicochemical properties of synthesized CeO2 NPs, various advanced techniques, viz., powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were studied. Further, these synthesized CeO2 NPs were used for the modification of a glassy carbon electrode (CeO2/GCE), which was utilized for the sensing of hydroquinone (HQ). A decent detection limit of 0.9 µM with a sensitivity of 0.41 µA/µM cm2 was exhibited by the modified electrode (CeO2/GCE). The CeO2/GCE also exhibited good stability, selectivity, and repeatability towards the determination of HQ.
The Predictive Role of the Upper-Airway Adipose Tissue in the Pathogenesis of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Simple Summary Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is an underdiagnosed disorder from which many patients are suffering, and may lead to severe complications. The adipose tissue near the upper airways is essential in upper-airway collapses and OSA severity. The present investigation aimed to determine the correlations between upper-airway adipose tissue MRI parameters and OSA, using artificial intelligence to analyse the pathophysiology of OSA and predict obstruction location. Including anthropometric and MRI adipose tissue parameters, OSA and upper-airway obstruction can be predicted with high precision. Artificial intelligence can effectively be used in OSA diagnostics as it can analyse non-linear correlations; thus, it can be helpful for undiagnosed OSA cases. Abstract This study aimed to analyse the thickness of the adipose tissue (AT) around the upper airways with anthropometric parameters in the prediction and pathogenesis of OSA and obstruction of the upper airways using artificial intelligence. One hundred patients were enrolled in this prospective investigation, who were divided into control (non-OSA) and mild, moderately severe, and severe OSA according to polysomnography. All participants underwent drug-induced sleep endoscopy, anthropometric measurements, and neck MRI. The statistical analyses were based on artificial intelligence. The midsagittal SAT, the parapharyngeal fat, and the midsagittal tongue fat were significantly correlated with BMI; however, no correlation with AHI was observed. Upper-airway obstruction was correctly categorised in 80% in the case of the soft palate, including parapharyngeal AT, sex, and neck circumference parameters. Oropharyngeal obstruction was correctly predicted in 77% using BMI, parapharyngeal AT, and abdominal circumferences, while tongue-based obstruction was correctly predicted in 79% using BMI. OSA could be predicted with 99% precision using anthropometric parameters and AT values from the MRI. Age, neck circumference, midsagittal and parapharyngeal tongue fat values, and BMI were the most vital parameters in the prediction. Basic anthropometric parameters and AT values based on MRI are helpful in predicting OSA and obstruction location using artificial intelligence.
A Biopsychosocial Model of Mealtime Management in Persons with Dementia, an Asset-Based Approach to Patient-Centered Care

Considering the rapid increase in the population over the age of 65, there is increasing need to consider models of care for persons with dementia (PWD). One common deficit associated with dementia progression is difficulty with successful participation in mealtimes. Difficulty participating in mealtimes in PWD is not the result of one factor, but rather a confluence of biological, psychological, and social characteristics common in dementia. Factors leading to mealtime difficulties for PWD may include changes in cognitive status, altered sensorimotor functioning, and increased reliance on caregiver support. The complex nature of biological, psychological, and social factors leading to mealtime difficulty highlights the need for a pragmatic model that caregivers can utilize to successfully support PWD during mealtimes. Existing models of dementia and mealtime management were reviewed and collated to create a model of mealtime management that considers this complex interplay. The Biopsychosocial Model of Mealtime Management builds on past research around patient-centered care and introduces an asset-based approach to capitalize on a PWD’s retained capabilities as opposed to compensating for disabilities associated with dementia. We hope this model will provide a framework for caregivers to understand what factors impact mealtime participation in PWD and provide appropriate means on intervention.
Dynamics of tethered versus free-swimming animals: A wake structure comparison in jellyfish

Submitted for the DFD06 Meeting of The American Physical Society Dynamics of tethered versus free-swimming animals: A wake structure comparison in jellyfish KAKANI KATIJA, JOHN O. DABIRI, Graduate Aeronautical Laboratories (GALCIT) and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology — Previous research has shown that jellyfish utilize the formation and shedding of vortices to help feed and move the animal. Laboratory experiments often require restricting the motion of an animal by tethering/fluming to allow for repeatable results. However, past research has not addressed the differences that arise when the motion of an animal is restricted/confined. This presentation will attend to this issue by comparing the wake structure of a tethered and free-swimming Aurelia aurita. Digital Particle Image Velocimetry is used to collect measurements of the velocity field surrounding an animal that is either tethered or swimming freely. Dynamical systems methods are used to compute Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS), which is used to identify the geometries of structures in the wake of the animal. Using LCS, a comparison between the wake of a tethered and free-swimming animal can be made. This research provides a quantitative measure of the differences between a tethered and freely moving jellyfish. Kakani Katija California Institute of Technology Date submitted: 28 Jul 2006 Electronic form version 1.4
Crossed-IoT device portability of Electromagnetic Side Channel Analysis: Challenges and Dataset

IoT (Internet of Things) refers to the network of interconnected physical devices, vehicles, home appliances, and other items embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity, enabling them to collect and exchange data. IoT Forensics is collecting and analyzing digital evidence from IoT devices to investigate cybercrimes, security breaches, and other malicious activities that may have taken place on these connected devices. In particular, EM-SCA has become an essential tool for IoT forensics due to its ability to reveal confidential information about the internal workings of IoT devices without interfering these devices or wiretapping their networks. However, the accuracy and reliability of EM-SCA results can be limited by device variability, environmental factors, and data collection and processing methods. Besides, there is very few research on these limitations that affects significantly the accuracy of EM-SCA approaches for the crossed-IoT device portability as well as limited research on the possible solutions to address such challenge. Therefore, this empirical study examines the impact of device variability on the accuracy and reliability of EM-SCA approaches, in particular machine-learning (ML) based approaches for EM-SCA. We firstly presents the background, basic concepts and techniques used to evaluate the limitations of current EM-SCA approaches and datasets. Our study then addresses one of the most important limitation, which is caused by the multi-core architecture of the processors (SoC). We present an approach to collect the EM-SCA datasets and demonstrate the feasibility of using transfer learning to obtain more meaningful and reliable results from EM-SCA in IoT forensics of crossed-IoT devices. Our study moreover contributes a new dataset for using deep learning models in analysing Electromagnetic Side-Channel data with regards to the cross-device portability matter.
Topological Heuristics for Scan Test Overhead Reduction

High test coverage is critical to manufacturing a competitive integrated circuit. Design-for-test infrastructure, however, increases the power-performance-area of a chip. This research describes an approach to reduce scan test overhead based on circuit topology heuristics. The heuristics are applied on full-scan designs to convert a subset of the scan flip-flops to D flip-flops, and then evaluated on robust K longest path per gate (KLPG) test patterns. These patterns are modified with multicycle path extension, to minimize test coverage loss even with high scan cell conversion rates. The results are demonstrated using the ISCAS89 and ITC99 benchmark circuits.
pH Gradient Liposomes Extract Protein Bound Amitriptyline in Peritoneal Dialysis—Exploratory Work

Poisoning is a significant cause of injury-related death worldwide. Dialysis is usually ineffective in removing the toxin once it has been absorbed because of drug protein binding and high volumes of distribution. In this work, we explore whether the addition of liposomes to peritoneal dialysate could extract protein bound amitriptyline. Liposomes were prepared using the thin film hydration method. In the in vitro experiment, 3 mL of 20% albumin with a concentration of 6000 nmol/L amitriptyline in a proprietary dialysis cartridge was dialysed against 125 mL of phosphate-buffered saline with and without 80 mg 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (DOPG) liposomes. In the in vivo arm, peritoneal dialysis was undertaken in 6 rats with pH gradient liposome augmented dialysate after intravenous amitriptyline injection. Peritoneal blood flow was estimated by CO2 extraction. Total amitriptyline extracted was compared to freely dissolved (non-protein bound) and total amitriptyline perfusing the membrane during the peritoneal dwell. Mean liposome size for DOPG and acidic centre pH gradient liposomes was 119 nm and 430 nm, respectively. In the in vitro experiment, more amitriptyline was extracted into the liposome containing dialysate than the control dialysate (40 +/− 2 nmol/L vs. 27 +/− 1 nmol/L). In the in vivo experiment, the total amitriptyline in dialysate was 5240 +/− 2750 nmol. Mean total free amitriptyline perfusing the peritoneal membrane was 93 +/− 46 nmol. Mean total blood amitriptyline perfusing the peritoneal membrane was 23,920 +/− 6920 nmol. Two of the six animals were excluded due to overestimation of peritoneal blood flow. This exploratory work suggests the addition of liposome nanoparticles to peritoneal dialysate extracted protein bound amitriptyline from blood.