Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR ESTABLISHING FATTY ACID CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS ACROSS POTSHERDS: A CASE STUDY USING LATE BRONZE AGE CANAANITE AMPHORAE*

Canaanite amphorae fragments in fabrics believed to be associated with the bulk transport of vegetable oils from the fourteenth-century BC site of Amarna, Egypt, have been examined. A comparison is made between solvent extraction, saponification and the use of TMTFTH (m-trifluoromethylphenyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide, used here for the combined extraction and derivatization of ceramic-absorbed organic residues. Extracts were studied using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The extraction of fatty acids from small ceramic samples has established concentration gradients of absorbed organic matter from the inner to the outer surfaces of the sherds.
Shear‐induced bubble coalescence in rhyolitic melts with low vesicularity

We have experimentally demonstrated for the first time, shear‐induced development of bubble size and shape in a rhyolitic melt. The deformation experiments have been performed by using an externally heated, piston‐cylinder type apparatus with a rotational piston. At 975°C, the vesiculated rhyolitic melts having cylindrical shape were twisted at rotational speeds of 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 rpm. The number, size and shape of bubbles were then measured by using the X‐ray computed tomography. The experimental results show that coalescence of bubbles occur even at low vesicularity (20 vol.%) and the degree of coalescence is enhanced with the shear rate. Because the shear‐induced deformation seems to be produced for magmas ascending in a volcanic conduit, we propose the possibility of the vesiculated magma undergoing bubble coalescence at a significant depth (low vesicularity), resulting in the formation of permeable magmas, at least near the conduit wall.
The two-component system CpxAR is required for the high potassium stress survival of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Introduction Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an important respiratory pathogen, which can cause porcine contagious pleuropneumonia and lead to great economic losses to worldwide swine industry. High potassium is an adverse environment for bacteria, which is not conducive to providing turgor pressure for cell growth and division. Two-component system CpxAR is an important regulatory system of bacteria in response to environmental changes, which is involved in a variety of biological activities, such as antibiotic resistance, periplasmic protein folding, peptidoglycan metabolism and so on. Methods However, little is known about the role of CpxAR in high potassium stress in A. pleuropneumoniae. Here, we showed that CpxAR is critical for cell division of A. pleuropneumoniae under high potassium (K+) stress. Results qRT-PCR analysis found that CpxAR positively regulated the cell division genes ftsEX. In addition, we also demonstrated that CpxR-P could directly bind the promoter region of the cell division gene ftsE by EMSA. Discussion In conclusion, our results described a mechanism where CpxAR adjusts A. pleuropneumoniae survival under high-K+ stress by upregulating the expression of the cell division proteins FtsE and FtsX. These findings are the first to directly demonstrate CpxAR-mediated high-K+ tolerance, and to investigate the detailed molecular mechanism.
Role of drainage conditions in deformation and fracture of porous rocks under triaxial compression in the laboratory

In order to investigate the role of drainage conditions in deformation and fracture behaviors of porous rocks, the authors carried out a series of rock fracture tests under triaxial compression in the laboratory. The detailed space‐time distribution of acoustic emission due to microcracking was used to examine pre‐failure damage and failure behavior in Berea sandstone, which has a porosity of ∼20% and a permeability of ∼100 mD. The pore pressures or flow rates at the ends of the test sample were precisely controlled to simulate different drainage conditions. Experimental results indicate that drainage conditions play a governing role in deformation and fracture. The well‐established dilatancy‐hardening effect can be greatly suppressed by dilatancy‐driven fluid flowing under good drainage conditions. Fast diffusion of pore pressure leads to a significant reduction in rock strength and stabilization of the dynamic rupture process. Furthermore, good drainage conditions have the potential to enlarge the nucleation dimension and duration, thereby improving the predictability of the final catastrophic failure. In addition, compaction bands, which were observed in porous rocks under higher confining pressure, were also observed at low confining pressure (corresponding to a depth of ∼1 km) in undrained tests. These results are particularly important for research fields in which fluid migration or pore pressure diffusion is expected to play a role, such as hydrocarbon reservoirs, enhanced geothermal systems, geological storage of CO2.
Autoantibody Diversity Is Augmented in Women with Breast Cancer and Is Related to the Stage of the Disease

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent malignant neoplasia and leading cause of cancer mortality for women. A timely diagnosis of BC is crucial to ensure the best chances of survival. Among the various screening tools for BC, antibodies directed towards self-antigens or tumor-associated antigens (autoantibodies) have emerged as an alternative to image-based screening modalities. However, little attention has been paid to the global diversity of autoantibodies. This work aimed to analyze the diversity of autoantibodies reactive to antigens expressed by the BC cell line T47D in the sera of Mexican women with BC, benign breast pathology (BBP), or without breast pathology (WBP). We found that the diversity of antibodies in the sera was higher in the BC and BBP groups than in the WBP group. Likewise, the diversity changed with the progression of BC. Our results show and measure the complexity of the antibody response in breast health and disease.
Pollen‐inferred palaeoclimate reconstruction in the Alps during the Lateglacial and the early Holocene: how to estimate the effect of elevation and local parameters

The modern analogue technique (MAT) was applied to six pollen sequences from the Belledonne Massif (northwestern French Alps) to estimate the effect of altitude and local parameters on pollen‐based climate reconstruction during the Lateglacial and the early Holocene. The six sites (Le Vivier (345 m a.s.l.), Les Etelles (700 m a.s.l.), La Coche (980 m a.s.l.), Montendry (1330 m a.s.l.), Le Grand Leyat (1660 m a.s.l.), La Gouille (1800 m a.s.l.)) are located in different vegetation belts (mixed deciduous woods, conifer woods, alpine pastures with maple). The main vegetation changes in the past are recorded at each site. The evolution of four climate parameters (coldest month temperature, warmest month temperature, mean annual temperature, annual precipitation) was quantitatively inferred from pollen data using MAT. The curves obtained were compared to the Les Etelles site, which was the least affected by non‐local pollen transport. The results show consistent trends for the climate parameters reconstructed at the different sites. However, the reconstruction does not indicate a decrease in temperature values related to the increasing elevation. Difficulties in reconstructing the altitudinal variations of climate parameters from pollen data during the periods studied are discussed and perspectives for improvement are considered. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A late Miocene leaf assemblage from Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand, and its climatic implications

A late Miocene (6–6.5 Ma; Kapitean and latest Tongaporutuan stages) fossil leaf locality is situated at Mataora in the southern Coromandel Peninsula of the North Island, New Zealand (latitude 37°S). It includes well-preserved remains of a new genus and species of conifer, Mataoraphyllum miocenicus, considered to be a phyllodinous Taxaceae. Other conifers include a new species of Phyllocladus, P. palmerii, and a small scale-leafed Podocarpaceae. There are five angiosperms, including a small-leafed Epacridaceae species, Myrsine waihiensis sp. nov., (Mysinaceae) Pseudopanax (Araliaceae), and two of unknown affinity. The relatively small leaf size, low biodiversity and taxonomic content suggest low, open vegetation under a relatively cool but wet climate; current subalpine to upper forest limit vegetation is a close analogy. The fossil assemblage indicates that mean annual temperatures may have been cooler at 37°S than today for the late Miocene.
Multiple target tracking with a steerable airborne video sensor

Tracking multiple surface targets with a single steerable airborne video sensor is accomplished by several interrelated functions: (i) image registration for camera motion compensation and accurate image-to-ground mapping, (ii) video processing for object detection and feature extraction, (iii) target tracking for detection association and track creation and maintenance, (iv) signature extraction and exploitation, and (v) sensor resource management for the generation of sensor steering commands. The first function is often overlooked, but has a significant impact in the performance of the overall system. A rudimentary registration can be achieved by using the platform location and attitude as well as the sensor orientation and field of view information, but the accuracy of this registration is typically poor due to inertial navigation system errors, particularly in small unmanned aerial vehicles with cost and hardware limitations. Successful registration of successive frames enables the use of multiple frame video processing for improved object detection and provides stable image-to-ground mapping for improved data association by the tracker. In systems with a steerable sensor that slews back and forth to track more than one target simultaneously, the image registration module creates and maintains multiple mosaics corresponding to the different tracking areas. In this paper we discuss primarily the image registration module and the system of coordinate frames that is maintained to improve data association and tracking.
Predictive Modelling of Optical Beams From Grating Structure Using Deep Neural Network

Integrated grating structure has been widely used in the optical addressing of trapped ion qubits in quantum computing. For accurate optical addressing, the optical properties of light beam coupled out from the grating should be thoroughly understood. In this study, deep neural network (DNN) modeling is used to predict the optical properties of light from silicon nitride (SiN) grating. DNN models with various number of layers (L) and nodes per layer (N) are attempted and optimized. Both overfitted and well-fitted L/N combinations are addressed. The APE values of the overfitted DNNs can reach as low as 5.2%, while the APE values of the well-fitted DNN reaches as low as 7.2%.
Formation of OH radicals in the gas phase reactions of O3 with a series of terpenes

The gas phase reactions of O3 with ethene, isoprene, and a series of monoterpenes have been investigated at 296 ± 2 K and atmospheric pressure of air in the presence of cyclohexane at concentrations sufficient to essentially totally scavenge any OH radicals formed. The expected products of the OH radical-initiated reaction of cyclohexane, cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol, were observed in all cases. From a knowledge of the chemistry of cyclohexane in these reaction systems and as a result of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol formation yield data obtained in subsidiary experiments, the formation yields of OH radicals in these O3-alkene reactions were derived. The OH radical formation yields obtained from the gas phase reactions of O3 with alkenes were ethene, 0.12; isoprene, 0.27; camphene, ≤0.18; 3-carene, 1.06; limonene, 0.86; myrcene, 1.15; ocimene (a cis-, trans- mixture), 0.63; β-phellandrene, 0.14; α-pinene, 0.85; β-pinene, 0.35; sabinene, 0.26; and terpinolene, 1.03, all with estimated overall uncertainties of a factor of ∼ 1.5. For a-pinene the effect of varying the water vapor concentration was investigated and no change in the OH radical formation yield was observed over the range of (2.5–24) × 1016 molecules cm−3 of water vapor. The experimental conditions were such that formation of OH radicals from HO2 radicals was of minor importance, and the OH radical formation yields given above refer to direct formation of OH radicals and not HO2 radicals.
Abundance of nifH genes in urban, agricultural, and pristine prairie streams exposed to different levels of nitrogen loading

Ecosystem processes drive biogeochemical cycles that influence input and losses of nutrients in the biosphere. Through human activities the environment has been highly enriched with nutrients, especially nitrogen. In most ecosystems, nitrogen availability should be limited, but soils and aquatic ecosystems have been anthropogenically impacted. In streams, availability of nutrients, geochemical characteristics, hydrodynamics, and human activities influence the metabolic activities and structure of microbial communities. The aim of the current study is to contrast gene abundance and metabolic responses of N2-fixing guilds exposed to chronic nitrogen loading in three different types of Kansas prairie streams: urban, agricultural, and pristine. Nitrogen-fixation activity was expected to be negatively correlated to the level of fixed nitrogen, while nifH (nitrogenase gene) abundance would be unchanged. A combination of processlevel and molecular techniques were applied to study nitrogen fixation in these small prairie streams. Nitrogen fixation activity was measured with acetylene reduction assays. Rates of acetylene reduction for urban, agricultural, and pristine prairie streams were 1.5 to 93.5, 2.1 to 112.8, and 2.9 to 81.9 fmol N2/g soil/h, respectively. The highest rates were found in leaf litter, sediments and algal biofilms. Samples of sediments and leaf litter were field-frozen for molecular analyses of the nitrogen-fixing microbial guild. Direct DNA extracts were examined by SYBR real-time PCR to determine the abundance of nifH, given a detection limit of 2 x 10 nifH gene copies/g sample. The abundance of bacterial 16S rRNA was between 1.0 x 10 to 1.0 x 10 gene copies per gram
Influencia del método de dispersión del suelo en la calidad de materia orgánica separada por fraccionamiento granulométrico

Particle-size fractionation is supported by the concept that soil organic matter (SOM) fractions associated with different mineral particle sizes have different structure and functions, and play different functions in SOM turnover. The objective of this work was to verify the quality of the organic matter fractionation of a Molisol dispersed with water or Na-hexametaphosphate (HMP) and to analyze the C and N distribution and δ 13 C values of the separated fractions. We compared the mineral fraction distribution of the soil by completely oxidizing SOM through heating with hydrogen peroxide (AGUAOX) versus water dispersion and HMP dispersion. The soil suspension was wet-sieved with 200, 50 and 20 µm-sieves. The >200 µm fraction was suspended in water in order to separate the floating material (light, L) from the heavy one (H) which settles. The accumulated soil mass (98.4- 99.7%), N (87.4-99.4%) and C (91.496.2%) recoveries were high, but water dispersion presented the higher values. HMP presented more variability than water dispersion; but it dispersed the >200 µm aggregates, allowing the recovery of the high amount of N and C accumulated in the smaller fractions, whereas the use of water did not disperse those aggregates appropriately. High N quantity was recovered in <20 µm fraction, while the C was mainly accumulated in the 200-50 µm fraction. The δ 13 C values in the smallest fraction were near to the original ones for soils developed under C3 and C4 plants mixture (-21.7‰) whereas the coarse light fraction ones were similar to those of C3 plants (-27.7 ‰). Considering these results, we conclude that the HMP dispersion method is suitable for the particle-size fractionation of the analyzed soil.
Research on the Protection of Architectural Heritage Based on SBAS and LSTM Technologies

The protection of heritage buildings is of great historical significance. Land subsidence is related to the safety and stability of heritage buildings. Ground monitoring and prediction are the key steps for early warning and timely remediation of heritage buildings. In this paper, remote sensing technology is used to monitor the ground heritage buildings, and neural network LSTM is proposed to predict. Firstly, the SBAS-InSAR technology was used to monitor the land subsidence in the study area in the time series from September 2020 to December 2021. The results show that the maximum settlement rate in the study area reached - 65 mm/yr, the maximum uplift rate reached more than 50 mm/yr, and the maximum cumulative settlement reached - 70 mm. The correlation between the predicted results of the LSTM prediction network constructed in this paper and the actual results reached 0.92, indicating that the LSTM network has accurate prediction performance. Therefore, LSTM and SBAS technology can be used to assist decision-making, early warning and hazard mitigation in the protection of architectural heritage.
Identifying the Level of Sustainability of Arabica Coffee Farming: Insights from Three Districts of Ainaro, Ermera, and Liquisa in Timor-Leste

Objective: analyze the sustainability of Arabica coffee farming in the three districts of Ainaro, Ermera, and Liquisa. Theoretical framework: This review examines tourism as a comprehensive, multidimensional activity involving travelers, local communities, governments, and entrepreneurs. Indonesia's Law No. 10 of 2009 underscores its pivotal role in economic growth, poverty reduction, cultural preservation, and international collaboration (Sharma et al., 2008; Frey & George, 2010; GhulamRabbany et al., 2013; Ibnou-Laaroussi et al., 2020; Raftopoulos, 2020). Method/design/approach: This research was conducted in nine sub-districts which took place in three districts from January 2021 to January 2022. Sampling/respondents were taken randomly from as many as 180 farmers. The data obtained were analyzed using the Multi-dimensional Scaling (MDS) purposive sampling approach, namely the development of farming is less profitable for farmers because the income per month for arabica coffee is approximately U$. 140.98 and for Arabica coffee (stem) income per month is U$. 439,68, which is far below the Ermera district Timor Leste Minimum Wage (MW) of US$. 243.55 per month. Results and conclusion: Development of natural and organic arabica coffee farming based on 6 (six) namely ecological dimension, economic dimension, socio-cultural dimension, clean energy technologies, unsustainable legal and institutional dimension. Research implications: The implications of the above study highlight the challenges faced by farmers in the sub-districts and districts under examination during the period from January 2021 to January 2022. These findings indicate that agricultural development, particularly in the cultivation of arabica coffee, results in less profitable income for the farmers. As such, this research reveals the financial difficulties experienced by farmers in the context of arabica coffee cultivation. The implication is the need for strategies and concrete steps to enhance the profitability of coffee farming and improve the well-being of the farmers. This may involve efforts to increase productivity, improve access to better markets, or implement more profitable agricultural practices. Through these means, it is hoped that the economic well-being of the local farming community can be elevated.
Impact of Culinary Medicine Course on Confidence and Competence in Diet and Lifestyle Counseling, Interprofessional Communication, and Health Behaviors and Advocacy

Most physicians report inadequate training to provide diet and lifestyle counseling to patients despite its importance to chronic disease prevention and management. To fill the nutrition training gap, elective Culinary Medicine (CM) courses have emerged as an alternative to curriculum reform. We evaluated the impact of an interprofessional CM course for medical and health professional students who experienced the hands-on cooking component in person or a in mixed-mode format (in-person and via Zoom) at the University of Utah from 2019–2023 (n = 84). A factorial ANOVA assessed differences between educational environment and changes between pre- and post-course survey responses related to diet and lifestyle counseling, interprofessional communication, and health behaviors and advocacy. Qualitative comments from post-course surveys were analyzed on a thematic level. Students rated themselves as having greater confidence and competence in diet and lifestyle counseling (p < 0.05) and increased ability to prepare eight healthy meals (p < 0.05). Additionally, a Mann–Whitney two-sample rank-sum test was used to compare data from exit survey responses from medical students who took the CM course (n = 48) and did not take the CM course (n = 297). Medical students who took CM were significantly more likely to agree that they could counsel patients about nutrition (p < 0.05) and physical activity (p < 0.05). CM courses may improve students’ confidence to provide diet and lifestyle counseling.
“Gratitude is thanking someone, and happiness is showing it”: A qualitative study of Colombian children’s perspectives on gratitude.

Gratitude as a character strength is linked with positive emotions and can potentially provide many benefits to children and adolescents. Yet little is known about how and why children typically experience gratitude, and how to promote its development. We conducted focus groups and written exercises with 38 Colombian fifth graders to explore different components of their gratitude experiences: namely, the benefactors, benefits, feelings and behaviors associated with gratitude. There were many commonalities in these components, with all main coding categories found in both girls’ and boys’ answers, and in both public and private schools. Particularities in gratitude experiences were more fine-grained and connected with everyday details of children’s family configuration and economic opportunities. One emergent category in the analysis was the degree of effort that children saw benefactors (particularly family members) as investing in them. These findings can be used to help inform educational interventions, making them more relevant to children in urban Colombian and other Latin American contexts.
High Resolution LED-Based Snapshot Compressive Spectral Video Imaging With Deep Neural Networks

Multi-spectral and hyper-spectral imaging usually requires scanning in the spatial or spectral dimensions and thus the temporal resolution is often compromised. Although various methods have been proposed, it is still challenging to capture high spatial-temporal-spectral resolution simultaneously. In this article, we propose LeSTI++, a deep learning reconstruction for an LED-based compressive spectral-temporal imaging system to overcome the scanning limitation of previous approaches. After describing the hardware setup, a three-step reconstruction algorithm is proposed, which is composed of a plug-and-play (PnP) algorithm, motion based frame interpolation, and spectra converter. In the first step, the captured measurement is decoded by a PnP framework using a trained spectral video (SpVi) denoiser, dubbed PnP-SpVi, which specially fits our data. Then in the second step, missing LED images are interpolated with motion estimation by a pre-trained neural network. Lastly, the predicted LED images are projected to spectral images by a trained converter. This algorithm allows us to capture high speed hyper-spectral targets and the reconstruction results achieve higher spectral and temporal resolutions simultaneously than previous solutions. We compare the proposed algorithm with state-of-the-art algorithms in simulation, and verify the proposed of LeSTI++ with experimental data.