Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-regulated Study 1 Running Head : SELF-REGULATED STUDY Optimizing self-regulated study : The benefits — and costs — of dropping flashcards

Self-regulation of study activities is a constant in the lives of students—who must decide what to study, when to study, how long to study, and by what method to study. We investigated self-regulation in the context of a common study method, flashcards. In four experiments, we examined the basis and effectiveness of a metacognitive strategy adopted almost universally by students: setting aside (dropping) items they think they know. Dropping has a compelling logic—it creates additional opportunities to study undropped items—but it rests on two shaky foundations: students’ metacognitive monitoring, and the value they assign to further study. In fact, being allowed to drop flashcards had small but consistently negative effects on learning. The results suggest that the effectiveness of self-regulated study depends on both the accuracy of metacognitive monitoring and the learner’s understanding, or lack thereof, of how people learn.
Psykologiska behandlingar för vuxna med ADHD

ADHD hos vuxna kannetecknas av funktionsnedsattningar inom manga viktiga livomraden. Bade nydiagnosticerade vuxna med ADHD och deras narstaende behover information om ADHD och vilka behandlingar och stodinsatser som finns. Som forsta psykologisk intervention kan psykoedukation i grupp med narstaende vara ett genomforbart och effektivt alternativ som ocksa ger ett forum for att bearbeta och acceptera det faktum att ADHD diagnos har konstaterats. Psykoedukation kan motivera till mer kravande psykologiska interventioner sasom dialektisk beteendeterapi –baserad fardighetstraning i grupp. Gemensamt for dessa interventioner ar att de bygger pa beteendeinriktade principer, har utvecklats och utvarderats inom ramen for kliniska verksamheter, utifran behov hos personer med ADHD. Behandlingsmanualerna publiceras pa svenska for att framja spridning av beprovade behandlingsmetoder for vuxna med ADHD.
Abnormal Angiogenesis in Diabetic Nephropathy

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in the Western world (1) and is characterized by abnormal angiogenesis driven by several factors, including tissue ischemia and hyperglycemia. This abnormal angiogenesis results in new vessels that are often immature and play a pathological role in retinopathy, contributing to both vitreous hemorrhage and fibrosis (2). In addition, increased vascular permeability leading to plasma leakage accounts for the development of macula edema, disrupting visual function (2). These evidences have led to the development of several therapeutic strategies targeting angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy (3). Abnormal angiogenesis also occurs in diabetic nephropathy; therefore, the overriding question is whether new vessel formation in the kidney plays a pathological role in diabetic nephropathy similar to that observed in retinopathy. Intriguingly, the progression of both diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy is altered by vascular growth factor signaling through receptor tyrosine kinases, specifically involving the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and angiopoietin families. This review discusses abnormal angiogenesis and the role of both VEGF-A and angiopoietins in diabetic nephropathy. ### Evidence of abnormal angiogenesis in diabetic nephropathy. In 1987, Osterby and Nyberg (4) described abnormal blood vessels in glomeruli of patients with long-term type 1 diabetes, and later these findings were shown to occur in type 2 diabetic patients (5,6) (Fig. 1 A ). The abnormal vessels occupied 1–5% of glomerular capillary area, they were occasionally dilated, and the glomerular basement membrane adjacent to them was found to be focally extremely thin. Abnormal vessels were also present in Bowman's capsule or in the glomerular vascular pole, the latter of which could often be detected as an “extra efferent arteriole” (4,7). Min and Yamanaka (8) then performed detailed analyses of computer-generated three-dimensional images in 94 patients with diabetic nephropathy and found the presence of extravessels. Intriguingly, in this study the abnormal vessels anastomosed to …
Maladjusted Host Immune Responses Induce Experimental Cerebral Malaria-Like Pathology in a Murine Borrelia and Plasmodium Co-Infection Model

In the Plasmodium infected host, a balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses is required to clear the parasites without inducing major host pathology. Clinical reports suggest that bacterial infection in conjunction with malaria aggravates disease and raises both mortality and morbidity in these patients. In this study, we investigated the immune responses in BALB/c mice, co-infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65 parasites and the relapsing fever bacterium Borrelia duttonii. In contrast to single infections, we identified in the co-infected mice a reduction of L-Arginine levels in the serum. It indicated diminished bioavailability of NO, which argued for a dysfunctional endothelium. Consistent with this, we observed increased sequestration of CD8+ cells in the brain as well over expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM by brain endothelial cells. Co-infected mice further showed an increased inflammatory response through IL-1β and TNF-α, as well as inability to down regulate the same through IL-10. In addition we found loss of synchronicity of pro- and anti-inflammatory signals seen in dendritic cells and macrophages, as well as increased numbers of regulatory T-cells. Our study shows that a situation mimicking experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) is induced in co-infected mice due to loss of timing and control over regulatory mechanisms in antigen presenting cells.
neuropsychiatric implications The endocannabinoid system in critical neurodevelopmental periods : sex differences and

This review focuses on the endocannabinoid system as a crucial player during critical periods of brain development, and how its disturbance either by early life stressful events or cannabis consumption may lead to important neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms. First we discuss the advantages and limitations of animal models within the framework of neuropsychiatric research and the crucial role of genetic and environmental factors for the establishment of vulnerable phenotypes. We are becoming aware of important sex differences that have emerged in relation to the psychobiology of cannabinoids. We will discuss sexual dimorphisms observed within the endogenous cannabinoid system, as well as those observed with exogenously administered cannabinoids. We start with how the expression of cannabinoid CB1 receptors is regulated throughout development. Then, we discuss recent results showing how an experimental model of early maternal deprivation, which induces long-term neuropsychiatric symptoms, interacts in a sex-dependent manner with the brain endocannabinoid system during development. This is followed by a discussion of differential vulnerability to the pathological sequelae stemming from cannabinoid exposure during adolescence. Next we talk about sex differences in the interactions between cannabinoids and other drugs of abuse. Finally, we discuss the potential implications that organizational and activational actions of gonadal steroids may have in establishing and maintaining sex dependence in the neurobiological actions of cannabinoids and their interaction with stress.
Selective control of cortical axonal spikes by a slowly inactivating K+ current

Neurons are flexible electrophysiological entities in which the distribution and properties of ionic channels control their behaviors. Through simultaneous somatic and axonal whole-cell recording of layer 5 pyramidal cells, we demonstrate a remarkable differential expression of slowly inactivating K+ currents. Depolarizing the axon, but not the soma, rapidly activated a low-threshold, slowly inactivating, outward current that was potently blocked by low doses of 4-aminopyridine, α-dendrotoxin, and rTityustoxin-Kα. Block of this slowly inactivating current caused a large increase in spike duration in the axon but only a small increase in the soma and could result in distal axons generating repetitive discharge in response to local current injection. Importantly, this current was also responsible for slow changes in the axonal spike duration that are observed after somatic membrane potential change. These data indicate that low-threshold, slowly inactivating K+ currents, containing Kv1.2 α subunits, play a key role in the flexible properties of intracortical axons and may contribute significantly to intracortical processing.
Design of an AES Device as Device Under Test in a DPA Attack

This paper presents a design for the implementation of the AES encryption algorithm in the hardware system. The proposed device is intended to be a device under test in a diﬀerential power analysis (DPA) attack. This device uses AES encryption with 128bit key length and electronic codebook (ECB) mode. The platform used in this device is FPGA-Cyclone IV EP4CE115F29C7. AE-SAVS is used to test the functionality of the device. This study proposes a design for an AES-128 encryption device synthesized in the Quartus IDE. It will feature support conducting side-channel attacks on real condition.
Sensitive knowledge hiding application

Diverse organizations store their business related data in their own databases. Some of them publish their data as is to third parties for research purposes. However, this way of data sharing has the risk of disclosing sensitive knowledge which the database may entail. For safe publishing the database must be sanitized before sharing; so that no sensitive knowledge is conveyed. The process is known as privacy-aware data publishing in the literature. The process requires (i) identification of sensitive knowledge, and (ii) removal of them from the to-be-released database. The challenge here is to hide all sensitive knowledge, and at the same time keep the released version as similar as possible to the original one. In the literature, there exists separate proposals to hide various kinds of sensitive knowledge formats from diverse databases. In this work, we present a single unified platform for this task.
A Comparison of Support Vector Machines Ensemble for Classification

Support Vector Machines (SVM) is characteristic of processing complex data and high accuracy. An ensemble of classifiers often results in better performance than any single classifier in the ensemble. In this paper, bagging, boosting, multiple SVM decision model (MSDM) and heterogeneous SVM decision model (HSDM) of SVM ensemble are compared on four data sets. For boosting, a novel strategy for weight updating, doubling the misclassified samples, is introduced to AdaBoostMl, which we call dboosting. Experiment results show that dboosting with SVM outperforms other methods in term of accuracy. HSDM can also improve the accuracy too. Bagging is not obvious and MSDM performs worst.
Joint Bilingual Sentiment Classification with Unlabeled Parallel Corpora

Most previous work on multilingual sentiment analysis has focused on methods to adapt sentiment resources from resource-rich languages to resource-poor languages. We present a novel approach for joint bilingual sentiment classification at the sentence level that augments available labeled data in each language with unlabeled parallel data. We rely on the intuition that the sentiment labels for parallel sentences should be similar and present a model that jointly learns improved monolingual sentiment classifiers for each language. Experiments on multiple data sets show that the proposed approach (1) outperforms the monolingual baselines, significantly improving the accuracy for both languages by 3.44%--8.12%; (2) outperforms two standard approaches for leveraging unlabeled data; and (3) produces (albeit smaller) performance gains when employing pseudo-parallel data from machine translation engines.
Health effects associated with measured levels of contaminants in the Arctic

The Human Health Assessment Group has over the past decade recommended that effect studies be conducted in the circumpolar area. Such studies examine the association between contaminant exposure in the Arctic populations and health effects. Because foetuses and young children are the most vulnerable, effect studies are often prospective child cohort studies. The emphasis in this article is on a description of the effects associated with contaminant exposure in the Arctic. The main topics addressed are neurobehavioural, immunological, reproductive, cardiovascular, endocrine and carcinogenic effect. For each topic, the association between exposure and effects is described, and some results are reported for similar studies outside the Arctic.
State Noise Effects on the Stochastic Gradient Descent Optimization Method for Echo State Networks with Leaky Integrator Neurons

Executive Summary Echo state networks (ESNs) are a novel approach to modeling the nonlinear dynamical systems that abound in the sciences and engineering. They employ artificial recurrent neural networks in a way that has been independently proposed as a learning mechanism in biological brains and lead to a fast and simple algorithm for supervised training. ESNs are controlled by several global learning parameters that may be optimized using techniques such as the stochastic gradient descent method in order to improve the performance of the network. The research is an empirical study of the stochastic gradient descent method leading to a better understanding of that optimization approach, its strengths and limitations, which results in more efficient applications of ESNs in all basic tasks of signal processing and control, including time series prediction, inverse modeling, pattern generation, event detection and classification, modeling distributions of stochastic processes, filtering and nonlinear control.
CD36 plays an important role in the clearance of oxLDL and associated age-dependent sub-retinal deposits

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents the major cause of vision loss in industrialized nations. Laminar deposits in Bruch's membrane (BM) are among the first prominent histopathologic features, along with drusen formation, and have been found to contain oxidized lipids. Increases in concentrations of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) in plasma are observed with age and high fat high (HFHC) cholesterol diet. CD36 is the principal receptor implicated in uptake of oxLDL, and is expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). We determined if CD36 participates in oxLDL uptake in RPE and correspondingly in clearance of sub-retinal deposits. Uptake of oxLDL by RPE in vitro and in vivo was CD36-dependent. CD36 deficiency in mice resulted in age-associated accumulation of oxLDL and sub-retinal BM thickening, despite fed a regular diet. Conversely, treatment of HFHC-fed ApoE null mice with a CD36 agonist, EP80317 (300 μg/kg/day), markedly diminished thickening of BM, and partially preserved (in part) photoreceptor function. In conclusion, our data uncover a new role for CD36 in the clearance of oxidized lipids from BM and in the prevention of age-dependent sub-retinal laminar deposits.
Birthweight Discordance in Twins and the Risk of Being Heavier for Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Abstract Twin pregnancies are becoming common as a result of increased assisted reproduction. Studies have shown that the smaller twin of a pair is at greater risk of morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to determine if there is a relation between birth-weight discordancy and neonatal morbidity and mortality and to test the occurrence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in discordant twins. For 5 years all twins admitted to our intensive care unit were included in the study. Discordance was calculated as the difference between twins' weights divided by the heavier weight. Diagnosis of RDS was made by typical clinical and radiographic methods. Multiple logistic regression was performed with gender, weight order and birth order as the independent variables and RDS as the dependent variable. Two hundred and sixty-six twin pairs with a mean gestation of 33 weeks and a mean birthweight of 1890 g were evaluated. Multiple logistic regression revealed that being the heavier twin was a more important risk factor for RDS (odds ratio 4.5; 95% confidence interval 2.2–9.2) than being the male or second-born twin. Based on neonatal outcomes a birthweight discordance equal or greater than 20% in twin pairs was accepted as the discordance criterion. Discordant and concordant groups were statistically different in neonatal mortality, necrotizing enterocolitis, polycytemia and hypoglycemia. Our data demonstrated that being the heavier twin is a risk factor for RDS and a birth-weight difference of 20% or more in twin pairs should be accepted as discordance.
Comparing Semantically Related Sentences: The Case of Paraphrase Versus Subsumption

Paraphrases and other semantically related sentences present a challenge to NLP and IR applications such as multi-document summarization and question answering systems. While it is generally agreed that paraphrases contain approximately equivalent ideas, they often differ from one another in subtle, yet non-trivial, ways. In this paper, we examine semantic differences in cases of paraphrase and subsumption, in an effort to understand what makes one sentence significantly more informative than another. Using manually annotated data from the news domain, we concentrate on developing a framework for analyzing and comparing pairs of related sentences.
Risk Factors, Regional Disparity and Trends of Ischemic Stroke Etiologic Subtypes

IntroductIon Stroke remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Unlike coronary heart disease, stroke can occur due to different etiologies, and the pathogenesis, treatment, and prognosis can vary. There are different etiological classification systems: most articles used the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment classification system, but articles using other classification systems have been noted. [1] Despite differences in details among the classification systems, large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), small‐vessel disease (SVD), and cardioembolism (CE) were the most frequently analyzed subtypes due to their high proportions among patients, their high number of known risk factors, and the fact that some of the risk factors were controllable. The proportions of subtypes were different among regions. In a systematic review comparing the epidemiology of stroke and its subtypes, the proportion of SVD strokes was higher in Chinese than in Caucasian whether in hospital‐ or community‐based studies. [2] In addition, the proportion of subtypes might change with time, as a result of industrial improvement and medical prevention. Analyzing the trend in subtypes is of vital importance for judging the effect of prevention procedures and providing advice for subsequent steps.
Baba : men and fatherhood in South Africa

"Baba: Men and Fatherhood in South Africa" provides answers to some of the most difficult questions about fatherhood in South Africa: who is a father? What does it mean to be a father? Is it important for fathers to do more for children in a world that assumes that mothers take the primary parenting role? Do different people understand fatherhood in different ways? What evidence is there of new fatherhood styles emerging in South Africa? Authors from a range of backgrounds and disciplines break new ground as they explore the centrality of fatherhood in the lives of men and in the experiences of children. They show how fathers' involvement contributes to the wellbeing of children. The authors argue that men can make a major contribution to the health of South African society, by caring for children and producing a new generation of South Africans for whom men will be significant by their positive presence, rather than by their absence or their abuse.
In-depth lessons learned: Review of an avionics thermal analysis project

We present the results of an in-depth review of the thermal analysis of a complex, high performance, commercial air transport, avionics product. The initial analysis did not correlate well with the subsequent test results for one key scenario. The product in question is the data processing element of a cockpit display system for a new, large commercial aircraft. The product is forced-air cooled; designed to meet Aeronautical Radio, Incorporated (ARINC) Standard number 600. It comprises a top-level chassis or Line Replaceable Unit (LRU,) that dissipates approximately 100W with several subsidiary LRUs or modules inserted into it. The system had a requirement to operate for 180 minutes after the loss of the aircraft supplied cooling air; termed a Loss of Cooling or LoC scenario. Given the team's long years of experience in analysis of this sort, it came as a surprise when the up-front computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis results failed in a non-conservative way to predict the performance of the system under these conditions. This lessons-learned project uncovered a number of facets of the original analysis work that go beyond a simply flawed analysis approach. Several of the usual assumptions for this type of CFD modeling proved to be inadequate and/or incorrect. As a side benefit of this effort, a procedure for quickly and reliably correlating a large complex thermal model to measured thermal data was developed and refined. The results presented here are applied on and will improve the results of all follow up development projects.