Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Stratospheric Intrusions During Indian Cyclones

Deep convection associated with tropical cyclones leads to stratosphere‐troposphere exchange (STE), which affects the upper‐tropospheric ozone concentrations in the vicinity of the cyclones. This study estimates the ozone enhancements over India due to the North Indian Ocean (NIO) cyclones‐driven STE. Indicators such as stratospheric fraction and potential vorticity calculated using the reanalysis data sets suggest that roughly 70% of the cyclones show anomalously high stratospheric intrusions. Aircraft observations over different locations across India also show elevated ozone concentrations in the mid‐to‐upper troposphere on cyclone days. Further, ozone and stratospheric ozone tracer concentrations from Goddard Earth Observing System‐Chemistry simulations and the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service reanalysis data sets show up to 40 ppb of excess upper tropospheric ozone over India, of which stratospheric ozone accounts for roughly 60%. Stratospheric intrusion due to the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea cyclones affected the upper tropospheric ozone amounts over North and South India, respectively. The stratospheric ozone was observed to propagate downwards into the troposphere, often reaching ∼600 hPa and, in some cases, even the surface.
Transient Raman response and soliton self-frequency shift in tellurite microstructured fiber

We report on the Raman response function and the soliton self-frequency shift in a tellurite microstructured fiber pumped at 1557 nm. The Raman response function in a tellurite fiber quantifies a contribution of the Raman fraction to the nonlinear optical response. Continuous soliton wavelength shift from 1582 to 1851 nm is observed in a tellurite microstructured optical fiber with the length of 6.5 cm. The experimental results strongly correlated with the numerical simulations based on a generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation.
Shunted-Josephson-junction model. II. The nonautonomous case

The shunted-Josephson-junction model with a monochromatic ac current drive is discussed employing the qualitative methods of the theory of nonlinear oscillations. As in the preceding paper dealing with the autonomous junction, the model includes a phase-dependent conductance and a shunt capacitance. The mathematical discussion makes use of the phase-space representation of the solutions to the differential equation. The behavior of the trajectories in phase space is described for different characteristic regions in parameter space and the associated features of the junction $\mathrm{IV}$ curve to be expected are pointed out. The main objective is to provide a qualitative understanding of the junction behavior, to clarify which kinds of properties may be derived from the shunted-junction model, and to specify the relative arrangement of the important domains in the parameter-space decomposition.
Electric current induced liquid metal flow: Application to coating of micropatterned structures

Although electric fields have been widely used to induce flow of electrolytes, electrically induced long-range flow of metallic liquids has never been reported. Here we show that liquid pure metals can be made to flow in a continuous stream by applying an electric current to an underlying conductive film. This flow occurs in the direction of applied current and is thought to be driven by liquid electromigration. The phenomenon is expected to engender many applications where controlled delivery of a continuous liquid metal stream is desired, such as microfluidics, nanolithography, and patterned conformal coatings. The last application is demonstrated here.
Morphological Characteristics and Molecular Evidence Reveal four New Species of Russula subg. Brevipedum from China

In this study, four new species of Russula subg. Brevipedum collected from China are described based on morphological characteristics and molecular evidence. Russula brevispora has a white body whose whole parts often stain brownish-orange or grayish-orange, extremely crowded lamellae with the presence of lamellulae, basidiospores with low warts and an inamyloid suprahilar spot, and clavate or lageniform hymenial cystidia often with a papillary or submoniliform appendage. Russula flavescens is characterized by a white pileus often turning yellowish brown when touched, white lamellae turning brown or light orange, basidiospores with an inamyloid suprahilar spot, and fusiform hymenial cystidia often with an appendage. Russula longicollis is morphologically characterized by a white pileus, turning grayish orange when bruised, white lamellae turning pale yellow when bruised, basidiospores with isolated warts and an amyloid suprahilar spot, and fusiform hymenial cystidia usually with a long appendage. Russula pseudojaponica has a yellowish-brown pileus center, yellowish lamellae unchanging when bruised, basidiospores with low warts and an inamyloid suprahilar spot, clavate hymenial cystidia often with a papillary appendage, and clavate pileocystidia with granulose contents. Phylogenetic analyses showed that R. flavescens, R. brevispora, and R. pseudojaponica are members of the subsect. Pallidosporinae, whereas R. longicollis belongs to subsect. Lactarioideae, and is somewhat related to R. leucocarpa.
Sensitivity of the Linear Logistic Test Model to Misspecification of the Weight Matrix

Under the linear logistic test model, a weight is assigned to each cognitive operation used to respond to an item. The allocation of these weights is open to misspecification that can result in faulty estimates of the basic parameters. The effect on root mean squares (RMSS) of the differ ence between the parameter estimates obtained under misspecification conditions and those obtained under correct specification conditions was examined. Six levels of misspecification and four sample sizes were used. Even a small number of errors in the weight specifications resulted in large RMS values. However, weight matrices with a high proportion of nonzero elements tended to yield RMSs that were approximately half as large as those with a small number of nonzero elements. Although sample size had some effect on the RMS values, it was quite small compared to that due to the level of misspecification of the weights. The results suggest that because specifying the elements in the weight matrix is a subjective process, it must be done with great care.
Reducing Quasi-Ergodic Behavior in Monte Carlo Simulations by J-Walking: Applications to Atomic Clusters

A method is introduced that is easy to implement and greatly reduces the systematic error resulting from quasi‐ergodicity, or incomplete sampling of configuration space, in Monte Carlo simulations of systems containing large potential energy barriers. The method makes possible the jumping over these barriers by coupling the usual Metropolis sampling to the Boltzmann distribution generated by another random walker at a higher temperature. The basic techniques are illustrated on some simple classical systems, beginning for heuristic purposes with a simple one‐dimensional double well potential based on a quartic polynomial. The method’s suitability for typical multidimensional Monte Carlo systems is demonstrated by extending the double well potential to several dimensions, and then by applying the method to a multiparticle cluster system consisting of argon atoms bound by pairwise Lennard‐Jones potentials. Remarkable improvements are demonstrated in the convergence rate for the cluster configuration energy, .
Determinants Of Decisions To Use Islamic Bank Mobile Banking Services

The facts in the field, there are a number of customers who do not use Mobile Banking services, the problem is that banks have provided services but customers do not use Mobile Banking services and prefer manual transactions. This study aims to determine the effect of perceived ease of use, knowledge, and trust on the decision to use Islamic bank Mobile Banking services. The research discussion relates to banking services, namely services that discuss ease of use, knowledge, trust and decisions to use Islamic bank Mobile Banking services. This research is a quantitative research with multiple linear regression analysis, the data source used is primary data through questionnaires. The population of this study was the Padangsidimpuan community, the sample in this study used an accidental sampling technique, with 98 respondents. knowledge and trust have an influence on decisions to use Mobile Banking services. And simultaneously (F test) ease of use, trust and knowledge have a significant influence on the decision to use Mobile Banking services.Keywords: Determinant, Decision, Mobile Banking Service
Cytotoxic Activity of Gambier Leave ( Uncaria gambir ) Ethyl Acetate Extract on Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Cell (NIH-3T3) using MTT Assay

: Background: Uncaria gambir or gambier is one of the plants widely found in Indonesia. Gambier is locally known as an antioxidant and antibacterial agent because it has high catechin content. Ethyl acetate extract of gambier leaves has been investigated to contain the highest catechin content than other extraction solvents. Fibroblasts are often used in biomaterial viability and toxicity tests because they have a highly reproducible growth rate and biological response. NIH-3T3 is commonly used as a substitute for human gingival fibroblasts. However, no study has been conducted on the cytotoxic activity of gambier extract on fibroblast cells.
Analysis of Spatial-Temporal Variation in Floral Volatiles Emitted from Lagerstroemia caudata by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and GC–MS

Lagerstroemia caudata is a rare aromatic species native to southeastern China, but its floral scent properties and release dynamics remain unclear. This study is the first systematic analysis of spatial-temporal variation in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from L. caudata by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-two VOCs were identified, 20 of which were detected for the first time. Aldehydes, alcohols, and monoterpenoids were the main VOC categories, each with different releasing rhythms. Total emission of VOCs was much higher in the full-blooming stage (140.90 ng g−1min−1) than in the pre-blooming (36.54 ng g−1min−1) or over-blooming (24.92 ng g−1min−1). Monoterpenoids, especially nerol, geraniol, and linalool, were the characteristic VOCs for full-blooming flowers. Daily emissions of nine compounds (nerol, geraniol, linalool, citronellol, β-citral, (E)-citral, phenylethyl alcohol, 2-heptanol, 2-nonanol) correlated closely with the opening of L. caudata, presenting an apparent diurnal pattern of scent emission. Tissue-specific emission was found in most isolated floral parts. Stamen was the most significant source of floral VOCs, considering its high emission levels of total VOC (627.96 ng g−1min−1). Our results extend the information on floral VOCs of Lagerstroemia and provide a theoretical basis for breeding new cultivars with desirable floral scents.
Quantum key distribution at 1550 nm with twin superconducting single-photon detectors

The authors report on the full implementation of a superconducting detector technology in a fiber-based quantum key distribution (QKD) link. Nanowire-based superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) offer infrared single-photon detection with low dark counts, low jitter, and short recovery times. These detectors are highly promising candidates for future high key rate QKD links operating at 1550nm. The authors use twin SSPDs to perform the BB84 protocol in a 1550nm fiber-based QKD link clocked at 3.3MHz. They exchange secure key over a distance of 42.5km in telecom fiber and demonstrate that secure key can be transmitted over a total link loss exceeding 12dB.
Evaluation of preservation protocols for oxygen‐sensitive minerals within laminated aquatic sediments

Laminated sediments can record seasonal changes in sedimentation of material from anoxic waters, including minerals of the redox‐sensitive elements Fe, Mn, and S that form under varying oxygen levels, mineral saturation conditions, and from microbial metabolism. However, preserving the oxygen‐sensitive minerals for identification is challenging when preservation of the spatial arrangement of laminae is also required. In this study, we compare methods for embedding sedimentary materials from anoxic waters and sediments from Brownie Lake, Minnesota, USA for analysis of the speciation for Fe, Mn, and S using synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). We found that acetone dehydration and resin replacement in a 100% N2 glovebox successfully preserved the speciation of Fe and Mn minerals within laminated sediments. However, acetone removed some sulfur species from sediments, and epoxies contained sulfur species, which challenged identification of native sulfur species. Results from this study will aid researchers who are interested in spatial analysis of oxygen sensitive sediments, soils, or microbial mats in choosing a preservation method.
Factor Structure of a Coping Scale Across Two Samples1

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to assess the structure of a coping with illness scale. Two HIV-positive samples from different geographical areas were used to verify the underlying factor structure: a sample of 320 young adults (A4 age = 20.9 years; 72% males) and a second sample of 273 older adults (M = 38.1 years; 81% females). Exploratory results with the young adult sample assuming correlated factors showed 7 reliable factors; CFA results supported these findings in that sample. Confirmation of the 7 derived subscales using the adult sample was found using CFA, although 2 subscale reliabilities were just below . 50. Correlations between the 7 subscales and other scales used for construct validation were generally as predicted. Coping similarities and differences between HIV-infected young adult and adult populations are discussed.
TRANSFER FUNCTION MODEL ORDER AND PARAMETER ESTIMATION

A distributed lag model with a rational transfer function is considered. We have demonstrated that the C-table can be used to determine the orders of the rational transfer function and the Pade table can be used to estimate the parameters of an identifiable transfer function. In case the model is not uniquely identified, the C-table reduces possible competing models to only a few for further examination. Pade approximant gives consistent initial values for possibly more efficient iterative procedures to estimate the coefficients of the identified model. Some asymptotic results on the estimation of the C-table and the Pade table are given. A few examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
SecBoost: Secrecy-Aware Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Energy-Efficient Scheme for 5G HetNets

In this article, we propose a secrecy-aware energy-efficient scheme for a two-tier heterogeneous network (HetNet), consisting of a sub-6 GHz macrocell and multiple millimeter wave (mmWave) picocells. Each picocell is assumed to have several users and an eavesdropper (Eve) which intercepts the signal of the picocell users. In the proposed scheme, firstly, to maximize the secrecy energy-efficiency (SEE) of picocell users, a joint optimization problem of power control, channel allocation, and beamforming is formulated by considering the minimum secrecy rate and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraints. Due to the non-convex nature of the aforementioned optimization problem in a highly dynamic HetNet environment, we transform it into a reinforcement learning (RL) problem using the Markov decision process (MDP). Then, a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) technique is used to obtain the maximum long-term reward. Moreover, we propose a multi-agent cooperative deep reinforcement learning (DRL) scheme known as SecBoost to solve the MDP with large number of action and state spaces. It uses the dueling and double-Q architecture of dueling double deep Q-network (D3QN) to optimize power control, channel allocation, and beamforming vectors to maximize the SEE of picocells. Also, prioritized experience replay is used to increase the sampling efficiency of SecBoost. The SEE performance of SecBoost is compared with MARL, multi-agent deep Q-network (MA-DQN), state-of-the-art joint beamforming based secrecy energy efficiency maximization (JBF-SEEM) scheme, and one-time pad based encrypted data transmission (O-EDT). Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed SecBoost scheme achieves 14.7%, 8.33%, 30%, and 69% better average SEE in comparison to MARL, MA-DQN, JBF-SEEM, and O-EDT schemes, respectively, which reveals its effectiveness in improving SEE of picocells.
Chemically synthesized nanowire TiO2/ZnO core-shell p-n junction array for high sensitivity ultraviolet photodetector

A sol-gel-based ultrathin TiO2 lamination coating was adapted to a hydrothermally grown ZnO nanowire array to realize an all-oxide ultra-sensitive p-n photodiode. The core-shell heterojunction—the key component of the device—is composed of a 5–10 nm thick p-type Cr-doped TiO2 nanoshell and n-type single-crystalline ZnO nanowires (50 nm radius). Owing to the enhanced light scattering and carrier separation in the core-shell architecture, this device exhibits the highest performance among the ZnO nanowire-based photodetectors. At a moderate reverse bias of −5 V and under ultraviolet light illumination at 104 μW, it shows a switch current ratio of 140 and a responsivity as large as 250 A/W, while it shows nearly no response to the infrared and visible light.
Design of Tb/s capacity quadruply cladded optical fiber for WDM systems

The enormous transmission capacity of the order of thousand of Gb/s offered by single mode fibers cannot be fully utilized with the conventional step index fiber. However for these designs and the new ones to come a numerical technique, which is fast and accurate, is required for calculating the dispersion. Most of the existing numerical approaches are good enough for the calculation of propagation constant only, though some of them are not suited for arbitrary refractive index profile. A powerful numerical technique, the quadratic finite element method [FEM] is used for analyzing the modal characteristic of single mode optical fiber with arbitrary refractive index profile. The simulated results when compared with earlier reported ones for step index profile, confirms the accuracy of the proposed numerical technique. It is shown that multiple cladded fiber is better suited for Wideband Systems. Dispersion flattened fibers have been proposed in the past with W - profile, but all such fiber designs have been observed to be bend sensitive in the long wavelength window, as one has to operate very close to the cutoff of the fundamental mode. A generalized refractive index profile has been used here, which is capable of generaing a variety of earlier proposed profile. Computation shows that by properly optimizing the profile parameters, a wideband fiber can be designed where the dispersion can be kept confined with in ± 1.0 ps/ km - nm over a wide entire wavelength span from 1280 to 1550 nm ( 370 nm). The proposed fiber consists of Quadruply Cladded (QC) Profile and is capable of transmitting high speed data ( > 1 Tb/s). The proposed design is expected to be relatively insensitive to bending losses, as the field even at longer wavelength (1550 nm) is well guided within the QC fiber structure. The wavelength span includes both the low loss transmission window near 1310 & 1550 nm. The results suggest an excellent wideband optical waveguide for future WDM systems.
Tailoring STrAtegies for RelaTives for Black and South Asian dementia family carers in the United Kingdom: A mixed methods study

We culturally adapted STrAtegies for RelaTives (START), a clinically and cost‐effective intervention for dementia family carers, for Black and South Asian families. It had previously been delivered to family carers around the time of diagnosis, when most people with dementia had very mild, mild or moderate dementia.
Dominance of Bacillus species in the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rhizosphere and their plant growth promoting potential under salt stress conditions

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major source of calorific intake in its various forms and is considered one of the most important staple foods. Improved wheat productivity can contribute substantially to addressing food security in the coming decades. Soil salinity is the most serious limiting factor in crop production and fertilizer use efficiency. In this study, 11 bacteria were isolated from wheat rhizosphere and examined for salt tolerance ability. WGT1, WGT2, WGT3, WGT6, WGT8, and WGT11 were able to tolerate NaCl salinity up to 4%. Bacterial isolates were characterized in vitro for plant growth-promoting properties including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, zinc solubilization, biofilm formation, and cellulase-pectinase production. Six isolates, WGT1, WGT3, WGT4, WGT6, WGT8, and WGT9 showed IAA production ability ranging from 0.7–6 µg m/L. WGT8 displayed the highest IAA production. Five isolates, WGT1, WGT2, WGT5, WGT10, and WGT11, demonstrated phosphate solubilization ranging from 1.4–12.3 µg m/L. WGT2 showed the highest phosphate solubilization. Nitrogen fixation was shown by only two isolates, WGT1 and WGT8. Zinc solubilization was shown by WGT1 and WGT11 on minimal media. All isolates showed biofilm formation ability, where WGT4 exhibited maximum potential. Cellulase production ability was noticed in WGT1, WGT2, WGT4, and WGT5, while pectinase production was observed in WGT2 and WGT3. Phylogenetic identification of potential bacteria isolates confirmed their close relationship with various species of the genus Bacillus. WGT1, WGT2, and WGT3 showed the highest similarity with B. cereus, WGT6 with B. tianshenii, WGT8 with B. subtilis, and WGT11 with B. thuringiensis. Biofertilizer characteristics of salt-tolerant potential rhizospheric bacteria were evaluated by inoculating wheat plants under controlled conditions and field experiments. B. cereus WGT1 and B. thuringiensis WGT11 displayed the maximum potential to increase plant growth parameters and enhance grain yield by 37% and 31%, respectively. Potential bacteria of this study can tolerate salt stress, have the ability to produce plant growth promoting substances under salt stress and contribute significantly to enhance wheat grain yield. These bacterial isolates have the potential to be used as biofertilizers for improved wheat production under salinity conditions and contribute to the sustainable agriculture.
Assessing gender difference in mathematics achievement

Gender differences in math-related professional achievements have been identified as a worldwide problem. Academic achievement assessments, however, have repeatedly revealed gender similarities. The observed gender similarity might be due to biased assessments that heavily rely on reading skills, which favors girls. The current study analyzed 29 international and within-country datasets representing a total of 9,471,692 students from 1,456 regions through four typical, large-scale student academic achievement assessments. The results showed a gender difference in mathematics achievements of greater than 0.76 (Cohen's d), favoring boys for each dataset after controlling for general reading achievements. The gender difference in mathematics achievements favoring boys exceeded 0.35 in each region, with a mean of 0.70 for 79 countries or jurisdictions in the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA 2018) after controlling for general reading achievements. Dataset- and region-level gender differences are robust, suggesting that there is a clear gender difference in mathematics achievements that previous analyses have not identified due to the effect of reading achievements differences.