Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Research of the Effect Fertilizers on the Soil Structure

Phosphorus is an important element of plant nutrition, affecting the biotransformation of nitrogen in soils. The effect of the application of phosphorus fertilizers on the mineralization of nitrogen in soils is actively studied, however, little attention is paid to their effect on the content of intermediate mineralization compounds, such as free amino acids. This study evaluated the effect of various doses of ground phosphate flour and simple superphosphate (0; 1.0, 2.1, 4.2, 10.6, 53.1, 212.5, 1062.5 g kg-1) in the incubation experiment on the content of 15 free amino acids in the soil. At various doses of ground phosphate flour, the total content of free amino acids ranged from 7.8±1.1 to 14.4±2.1 μg kg, even the minimum recommended dose of ground phosphate flour (1.0 g kg) caused a significant decrease in their concentration. A high correlation between the amino acid concentration and the microbial biomass of the soil (Сmic) is shown. In general, the use of superphosphate positively influenced both the microbial biomass of the soil and the content of free amino acids. At various fertilizer doses, the total concentration of free amino acids significantly increased in comparison with the control and varied from 37.5±8.5 to 67.1±15.2 μg kg.
Purification of the newly found selenium-containing proteins in the arterial wall and brain of the rat.

Previously several selenium-containing proteins with different subunit molecular masses (M(r)) were detected in the arterial wall and brain of rats. In continuation of this work, after labeling of rats in vivo with [(75)Se]selenite, the new selenium-containing proteins of interest were purified on a Sephadex G-200 column followed by preparative isoelectric focusing. Nuclear analytical methods (gamma-counter and gamma-detector) were applied in the detection and identification of the (75)Se-labeled proteins. The two (75)Se-containing proteins from the arterial wall migrated as 15.0- and 67.0-kDa species on SDS-PAGE gels with pI values of 4.5 and 5.1, respectively. The three (75)Se-containing proteins from brain purified to homogeneity had M(r) values of 18.0, 30.0, and 42.9 kDa and pI values of 6.3, 6.5, and 6.0, respectively. Of these proteins, the 67.0-, 42.9-, and 30.0-kDa species may be yet not characterized selenoproteins with important biological functions.
Visualizing the insider threat: challenges and tools for identifying malicious user activity

One of the greatest challenges for managing organisational cyber security is the threat that comes from those who operate within the organisation. With entitled access and knowledge of organisational processes, insiders who choose to attack have the potential to cause serious impact, such as financial loss, reputational damage, and in severe cases, could even threaten the existence of the organisation. Security analysts therefore require sophisticated tools that allow them to explore and identify user activity that could be indicative of an imminent threat to the organisation. In this work, we discuss the challenges associated with identifying insider threat activity, along with the tools that can help to combat this problem. We present a visual analytics approach that incorporates multiple views, including a user selection tool that indicates anomalous behaviour, an interactive Principal Component Analysis (iPCA) tool that aids the analyst to assess the reasoning behind the anomaly detection results, and an activity plot that visualizes user and role activity over time. We demonstrate our approach using the Carnegie Mellon University CERT Insider Threat Dataset to show how the visual analytics workflow supports the Information-Seeking mantra.
The Occurrence of Potentially Malignant Disorders in the Oral Cavity: A Survey from Bagru-Khurd of Rural Jaipur, Rajasthan

Background: India accounts for about 33% of the world’s oral cancer as a result of the prevailing unhealthy oral hygiene and detrimental oral habits, such as the consumption of smoked or smokeless tobacco. The objective of this study is to determine the occurrence of premalignant lesions and conditions in the oral cavity among the different age groups and gender in the Bagru-Khurd region of rural Jaipur (Rajasthan) and to assess the degree of awareness of the ill–effects of consuming smoked or smokeless tobacco. Material and Methods: In this study 114 patients presenting premalignant lesions or conditions were included. They had been reported in the OPD records of the Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital. Results: Predominantly potentially malignant disorders were observed within the age group of 30-60 years, among which smoker’s palate lesions were most predominant. Besides, Leukoplakia and Tobacco pouch keratosis were also presented in some. Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF) and smoker’s melanosis as premalignant conditions were presented in a few. Conclusion: Although the elderly and most women were aware of the ill-effects of tobacco consumption, several patients were unaware.
Compulsive sexual behaviour as a behavioural addiction: the impact of the internet and other issues.

Commentary to: Should compulsive sexual behavior be considered an addiction? "The issue of sex addiction as a behavioural addiction has been much debated. However, there is little face validity for co-occurring behavioural addictions, and more emphasis is needed on the characteristics of the internet as these may facilitate problematic sexual behaviour".
The order of the giant component of random hypergraphs

We establish central and local limit theorems for the number of vertices in the largest component of a random d‐uniform hypergraph Hd(n,p) with edge probability p = c/$\left(\matrix{n-1 \cr d-1 }\right)$, where c > (d ‐ 1)‐1 is a constant. The proof relies on a new, purely probabilistic approach. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 2010
Convex Hull Brushing in Scatter Plots - Multi-dimensional Correlation Analysis

Interactive Visual Analysis has been widely used for the reason that it allows users to investigate highly complex data in coordinated multiple views, showing different perspectives over data. In order to relate data, multiple techniques of brushing have been introduced. This work extends the state of the art by introducing the Convex Hull (CH) Brush, which is a new way of selecting and interpreting high dimensional data in scatter plot (SP) views. By using a combination of brushes through linked views, the CH-Brush allows the selection and clustering of values that are not typically defined by SP ranges, in spite of sharing similarities. In CHBrushing is also able to visually report the existence of correlation between variables. Furthermore, we discuss CH-Brushing sensitivity and the application of smoothness. We use synthetic data to support our rationale and clarify the intrinsic meanings of CH-Brushing in scatter plots. We also report on the first experience on using the CH-Brush in a real-world medical case.
Watershed responses to Amazon soya bean cropland expansion and intensification

The expansion and intensification of soya bean agriculture in southeastern Amazonia can alter watershed hydrology and biogeochemistry by changing the land cover, water balance and nutrient inputs. Several new insights on the responses of watershed hydrology and biogeochemistry to deforestation in Mato Grosso have emerged from recent intensive field campaigns in this region. Because of reduced evapotranspiration, total water export increases threefold to fourfold in soya bean watersheds compared with forest. However, the deep and highly permeable soils on the broad plateaus on which much of the soya bean cultivation has expanded buffer small soya bean watersheds against increased stormflows. Concentrations of nitrate and phosphate do not differ between forest or soya bean watersheds because fixation of phosphorus fertilizer by iron and aluminium oxides and anion exchange of nitrate in deep soils restrict nutrient movement. Despite resistance to biogeochemical change, streams in soya bean watersheds have higher temperatures caused by impoundments and reduction of bordering riparian forest. In larger rivers, increased water flow, current velocities and sediment flux following deforestation can reshape stream morphology, suggesting that cumulative impacts of deforestation in small watersheds will occur at larger scales.
Complete Genome Sequences of the Prototype Isolates of Genotypes 2, 3, and 4 of Murray Valley Encephalitis Virus

ABSTRACT Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) (Flaviviridae family, Flavivirus genus), a mosquito-borne pathogen of humans and horses, is endemic to the Australasian region. We report here the complete genomes of the prototype strains of MVEV genotypes 2, 3, and 4.
A global model of mantle conductivity derived from 5 years of CHAMP, Ørsted, and SAC‐C magnetic data

We present a global 1‐D conductivity model which is obtained by analysis of five years (2001–2005) of simultaneous magnetic data from the three satellites Ørsted, CHAMP and SAC‐C. After removal of core and crustal fields as predicted by a recent field model we used non‐polar scalar and vector observations from the night‐side sector, and interpret the field residuals in terms of a large‐scale contribution from the magnetospheric ring current and its induced counterpart. We then derive transfer functions between internal (induced) and external expansion coefficients of the magnetic potential and provide globally‐averaged C‐responses in the period range between 14 hours and 4 months. Since the satellite responses are probably influenced by induction in the oceans for periods shorter than a few days, we correct the data for this effect. Interpreting the corrected responses yields a 1‐D conductivity model which is rather similar to models derived from ground‐based data.
Fireflux experiments in the New Jersey Pine Barrens

We measured fuel consumption, turbulent exchanges of energy, water vapor and carbon dioxide, and PM 2.5 concentrations during an operational prescribed fire conducted by the New Jersey Forest Fire Service in the Pine Barren of New Jersey in March 2008. Fuel consumption was quantified using preand postburn sampling of the forest floor and understory, and LIDAR data to estimate canopy and understory fuel consumption during the fire. Eddy covariance and standard meteorological measurements were used to estimate turbulence and net fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, and CO2. PM 2.5 (particulate matter with diameters < 2.5 μm) was quantified using EBAM Beta particle attenuators at two sites, one located within the burn block and the second located in an adjacent clearing that was not burned.
Heart rate variability in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: relation to disease severity and prognosis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical importance of heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Time domain analysis of 24 hour HRV was performed in 64 patients with DCM, 19 of their relatives with left ventricular enlargement (possible early DCM), and 33 healthy control subjects. RESULTS: Measures of HRV were reduced in patients with DCM compared with controls (P < 0.05). HRV parameters were similar in relatives and controls. Measures of HRV were lower in DCM patients in whom progressive heart failure developed (n = 28) than in those who remained clinically stable (n = 36) during a follow up of 24 (20) months (P = 0.0001). Reduced HRV was associated with NYHA functional class, left ventricular end diastolic dimension, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, and peak exercise oxygen consumption (P < 0.05) in all patients. DCM patients with standard deviation of normal to normal RR intervals calculated over the 24 hour period (SDNN) < 50 ms had a significantly lower survival rate free of progressive heart failure than those with SDNN > 50 ms (P = 0.0002, at 12 months; P = 0.0001, during overall follow up). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that SDNN < 50 ms identified, independently of other clinical variables, patients who were at increased risk of developing progressive heart failure (P = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: HRV is reduced in patients with DCM and related to disease severity. HRV is clinically useful as an early non-invasive marker of DCM deterioration.
Cannabinoid Receptor Activation in the Basolateral Amygdala Blocks the Effects of Stress on the Conditioning and Extinction of Inhibitory Avoidance

Despite the efficacy of behavior therapy for human anxiety disorders, extinction-like treatments require repeated cue exposures and are vulnerable to reversal by a number of environmental factors, particularly stress. The endocannabinoid system has recently emerged as important in the regulation of extinction learning and in the regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Here, we aimed to examine the involvement of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in inhibitory avoidance (IA) conditioning and extinction and to test whether cannabinoid activation would reverse the effects of stress on these memory processes. The synthetic full agonist of the CB1/CB2 receptor WIN55,212-2 [R-(+)-(2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-[(4-morpholinyl)methyl]pyrol[1,2,3-de]-1,4- benzoxazin-6-yl)(1-naphthalenyl) methanone monomethanesulfonate] (5 μg/0.5 μl) microinjected into the BLA had no effect on IA conditioning or extinction by itself. However, microinjecting WIN55,212-2 into the BLA before exposing the rats to a stressor reversed the enhancing effects of the stressor on IA conditioning and its impairing effects on IA extinction. Importantly, WIN55,212-2 microinjected into the BLA reduced stress-induced elevations in corticosterone levels. Control experiments demonstrated the following: (1) the effects of WIN55,212-2 could not be attributed to sensorimotor deficits, because these parameters seemed unchanged by WIN55,212-2 microinjected into the BLA; and (2) the CB1 receptor in the BLA is crucially involved in the extinction of IA, because the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 [N-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-N-1-piperidinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide] (6 ng/0.5 μl) microinjected into the BLA significantly blocked extinction. Together, our findings may support a wide therapeutic application for cannabinoids in the treatment of conditions associated with the inappropriate retention of aversive memories and stress-related disorders.
Predictor-Feedback Stabilization of Multi-Input Nonlinear Systems

We develop a predictor-feedback control design for multi-input nonlinear systems with distinct input delays, of arbitrary length, in each individual input channel. Due to the fact that different input signals reach the plant at different time instants, the key design challenge, which we resolve, is the construction of the predictors of the plant's state over distinct prediction horizons such that the corresponding input delays are compensated. Global asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is established by utilizing arguments based on Lyapunov functionals or estimates on solutions. We specialize our methodology to linear systems for which the predictor-feedback control laws are available explicitly and for which global exponential stability is achievable. A detailed example is provided dealing with the stabilization of the nonholonomic unicycle, subject to two different input delays affecting the speed and turning rate, for the illustration of our methodology.
UK-Based Police Officers' Perceptions of, and Role in Investigating, Cyber-Harassment as a Crime

Within the UK, cyber-harassment is a criminal act and perpetrators can be prosecuted if the crime is reported to the police. Cyber-harassment has a detrimental impact and causes psychological distress to victims but due to its online nature, complaints made may not be taken seriously and the impact may not be fully acknowledged. Police officers' perceptions of this crime and its victims are crucial as this will impact on how the crime is investigated and whether perpetrators are prosecuted. The present exploratory study aimed to gain insight into how cyber-harassment is investigated and identify issues and barriers. Eight police officers based in the United Kingdom were recruited using a snowball technique to participate in semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis and three themes were identified: online accessibility, threat, and the unhelpful victim. Each theme is discussed in relation to theory, policy and legislation within the UK.
The Extract of Herbal Medicines Activates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Our study investigated whether the extract of six herbal medicines (OB-1) has an inhibitory effect on obesity. High-fat diet-(HFD-) induced rats and controls were treated with 40 mg/100 g body weight of OB-1 or saline once a day for 5 weeks. After significant changes in body weight were induced, OB-1 and saline were administered to each subgroup of HFD and control groups for additional 5 weeks. No statistically significant decrease of body weight in OB-1-treated rats was found compared to controls. However, OB-1-treated rats were found to be more active in an open-field test and have a reduction in the size of adipocytes compared to controls. We observed no changes in the mRNA expressions of leptin and adiponectin from adipocytes between OB-1- and saline-treated rats with HFD-induced obesity group. However, OB-1 treatments were shown to be inversely correlated with accumulation of lipid droplets in liver tissue, suggesting that OB-1 could inhibit a lipid accumulation by blocking the pathway related to lipid metabolism. Moreover, the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was significantly increased in OB-1-treated rats with HFD compared to controls. These results suggest that OB-1 has no direct antiobesity effect and, however, could be a regulator of cellular metabolism.
Stem cell therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a methodological approach in humans

INTRODUCTION: Recently it has been shown in animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that stem cells significantly slow the progression of the disease and prolong survival. We have evaluated the feasibility and safety of a method of intraspinal cord implantation of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a few well‐monitored patients with ALS. METHOD: Bone marrow collection was performed according to the standard procedure by aspiration from the posterior iliac crest. Ex vivo expansion of mesenchymal stem cells was induced according to Pittenger's protocol. The cells were suspended in 2 ml of autologous cerebrospinal fluid and transplanted into the spinal cord by a micrometric pump injector. RESULTS: No patient manifested major adverse events such as respiratory failure or death. Minor adverse events were intercostal pain irradiation (4 patients) which was reversible after a mean period of three days after surgery, and leg sensory dysesthesia (5 patients) which was reversible after a mean period of six weeks after surgery. No modification of the spinal cord volume or other signs of abnormal cell proliferation were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our results appear to demonstrate that the procedures of ex vivo expansion of autologous mesenchymal stem cells and of transplantation into the spinal cord of humans are safe and well tolerated by ALS patients.
Changes in body composition after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent in cirrhosis: a critical review of literature

Change in body composition with reduced muscle mass with or without loss of fat mass occurs in 60–90% of patients with cirrhosis. This has an adverse impact on the outcome of these patients and is an understudied area. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent (TIPS) is now a standard therapy for portal hypertension but its beneficial impact on nutritional indices is not well recognized. We included all publications on TIPS that had any nutritional index as an outcome measure or end point. Given the heterogeneity of the patient population, differences in study design and outcome measures, a meta‐analysis was not feasible. Data were summarized and interpreted. A total of eight studies have been published on the changes in body composition after TIPS in cirrhosis in a total of 152 patients followed for 3–12 months. Improvement in fat‐free mass and fluid‐free or ascites‐free body weight was reported in all studies. Plasma leptin, IGF1, insulin sensitivity, rate of glucose disposal and growth hormone did not change after TIPS. One study measured muscle strength that improved. Direct measurement of skeletal muscle mass was not performed in any study. TIPS resulted in an improvement in body composition. Given the clinical significance of skeletal muscle and fat mass in cirrhosis, nutritional indices should be considered to be an important outcome measure in patients with TIPS. The mechanism of these is unclear, but its clinical implication is that this may contribute to the improved survival after TIPS.
Analysis of the frequency response of the saccadic circuit: system behavior.

To more thoroughly describe the system dynamics for the saccadic circuit in monkeys, we have determined the frequency response by applying a frequency modulated train of microstimulation pulses in the superior colliculus. The resulting eye movements reflect the transfer function of the saccadic circuit. Below input modulations of 5 cycles/s, the saccadic circuit increasingly oscillates with multiple high-frequency, low-amplitude movements reminiscent of the "staircase saccades" evoked during the sustained step response. Between 5 and 20 cycles/s, the circuit entrains well to the input, exhibiting one saccadic response to each sinusoidal input. Within this range there are systematic frequency-dependent changes in movement amplitudes, including super-normal saccades at some input frequencies. Above 20 cycles/s, the saccadic circuit increasingly exhibits periodic failures at rates of 1:2 or higher. In addition, the circuit exhibits predictable amplitude-modulated interference patterns in response to a combined step and frequency-modulated input. These experimental results provide insight into several biological mechanisms and serve as benchmark tests of viable models of the saccadic system. The data are consistent with negative feedback models of the saccadic system that operate as a displacement controller and inconsistent with theories that put the superior colliculus within the lowest-order, local feedback loop. The data support theories that the circuit feedback operates with dynamics that simulate a "leaky integrator. " In addition, the results demonstrate how the temporal output of the superior colliculus interacts with recurrent inhibition to influence the eye movement dynamics.