Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Soil Amended with the By‐Product of Corn Stover Fermentation

Corn (Zea mays L.) stover is a potential biofuel; however, removing this stover from the land may increase the risk of erosion and reduce soil organic matter (SOM). Land application of corn stover fermentation by-product, which is about 70% lignin, may reduce the environmental risk from biofuel harvest by helping to stabilize soil structure. A column study, with soil collected from a toeslope (noneroded, Svea; fine loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Pachic Hapludoll) and a shoulder slope (severely eroded, Langhei; fine loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Eutrudepts) was conducted to evaluate the effect of fermentation by-product on soil properties. Soil was either not amended (control) or amended with corn stover or by-product at 0.75, 3.0, and 6.1 g kg -1 . Soils were incubated for 123 d at ambient temperature in a laboratory, with an initial water-filled pore space (WFPS) of 0.6 m 3 m -3 and drying cycles to 0.35 m 3 m -3 WFPS. Compared with the control, amending soil with 6.1 g by-product kg -1 increased CO 2 flux by 68% and increased soluble C and microbial biomass C by about 20%. In the severely eroded soil, humic acid concentration (r2 = 0.97, p = 0.009) and aggregate stability (r 2 = 0.98, p = 0.005) increased linearly with increased by-product concentration. Water-holding capacity, bulk density, and aggregate distribution were not changed by soil amendments. Careful management of stover removal (avoiding eroded or erosion prone areas) and selective placement and rates of the by-product will contribute to a sustainable use of corn stover for ethanol production.
Effect of socioeconomic status on secondary prevention of stroke

Objective Cardiovascular risk factors increase risk for stroke recurrence. Secondary prevention of stroke may be affected not only by established risk factors, but also socioeconomic status. This study evaluates relationships between socioeconomic status and cardiovascular and behavioral factors. Design Cross-section study. Setting Public Health and Education Institute, Peking University. Participants Outpatients (n = 2354) with a past diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack. Intervention(s) The investigation consisted of a questionnaire regarding patients' socioeconomic and living status, and a clinical examination at the research center. Main outcome measure(s) Control rates of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Results With regard to hypertension patients, 67.0% were aware of having hypertension, 63.6% were treated and 53.9% had controlled hypertension; for patients with hypercholesterolemia, 46.7% were aware of having hypercholesterolemia, 38.6% were treated and 3.8% had controlled hypercholesterolemia; for patients with diabetes mellitus, 28.0% were aware of having diabetes mellitus, 25.7% were treated and 3.5% had controlled diabetes mellitus. After multivariate analysis, education was the strongest associated factor for controls of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. After adjustment for sex and age, strong and graduated relationships were noted between the level of education and control of risk factors, with the odds ratios increasing at every increment. Conclusion Education exerts the most important effect on the control of established cardiovascular risk factors; Successful intervention to reduce these risk factors will have to be addressed, not just with regard to specific risk factors, but also with the societal conditions that lead to the adoption and maintenance of high-risk behaviors.
Effective‐Medium Models of Inner‐Core Anisotropy

Body‐wave and normal‐mode observations of Earth's inner core show cylindrical anisotropy consistent with an alignment of hexagonal close‐packed iron (hcp‐Fe) crystals along the rotation axis. We quantify the degree of alignment by comparing seismic observations longitudinally averaged over the outer 600 km of the inner core with stochastic rotation models based on ab initio calculations of hcp‐Fe stiffness tensors. Likelihood functions are constructed for the Woodhouse anisotropy ratios from an ensemble of normal‐mode models and for the Backus ray‐angle parameters from the Irving‐Deuss traveltime data set. The tensor at each inner‐core location is modeled as a random rotation of the hcp‐Fe stiffness tensor, and the rotations are assumed to have transversely isotropic statistics with correlation lengths that are small compared to the seismic wavelengths. Two stochastic rotation models are used, one based on Fisher statistics (F model) with concentration parameter κ and one by Jordan (J model) with orientation ratio ξ. The first‐order estimates, obtained by Voigt averaging, imply that hcp‐Fe tensors by Martorell and others considering premelting softening can account for the seismic data if the hcp‐Fe axes are moderately aligned with Earth's rotation axis ( κ=2.1−0.6+1.9 , ξ=0.60−0.15+0.13 ). The J model is extended to include second‐order Born scattering, which in the low‐frequency limit depends on the aspect ratio η of the transversely isotropic correlation tensor. Although η is not usefully constrained by the existing data, we show that second‐order scattering acts to increase the required bipolar concentration of hcp‐Fe axes. Integrating over η yields the marginal estimate ξ=0.52−0.12+0.19 , corresponding to a 50% dispersion angle of 42°−7°+9° .
Semantic Web based Named Entity Linking for Digital Humanities and Heritage Texts

This paper proposes a graph based methodology for automatically disambiguating authors’ mentions in a corpus of French literary criticism. Candidate referents are identified and evaluated using a graph based named entity linking algorithm, which exploits a knowledge-base built out of two different resources (DBpedia and the BnF linked data). The algorithm expands previous ones applied for word sense disambiguation and entity linking, with good results. Its novelty resides in the fact that it successfully combines a generic knowledge base such as DBpedia with a domain specific one, thus enabling the efficient annotation of minor authors. This will help specialists to follow mentions of the same author in different works of literary criticism, and thus to investigate their literary appreciation over time.
UAV control on the basis of bearing-only observations

This work considers the control of the UAV (unmanned aviation vehicle) on the basis of bearing-only observations including azimuth and elevation angles. During the autonomous mission UAV needs the navigation with the aid of optoelectronic camera or/and with passive radar systems which are able to capture the angular position of objects with known coordinates and to measure the angles of the sight line. Since these measurements involve the real position of UAV in implicit form some of nonlinear filters such as Extended Kalman filter (EKF) or others must be used in order to implement these measurements for UAV control. Meanwhile all these approaches to filtering give the UAV position estimation with unknown and uncontrollable bias [3], [18], which make the precise navigation rather difficult. At the same time there is well-known method of pseudomeasurements which reduces the estimation problem to the linear settings, though these methods have a bias also [7]. In this article we suggest the application of V. S. Pugachev filter [16] to the modified pseudomeasurements method without bias. On its basis the estimation and control algorithms for tracking of given reference path under external perturbation and noised angular measurements have been developed. Another problem of tracking for randomly moving object is also considered and the proposed estimation algorithm shows the good results as well.
Quantum Decoding with Venn Diagrams

The quantum error correction theory is as a rule formulated in a rather convoluted way, in comparison to classical algebraic theory. This work revisits the error correction in a noisy quantum channel so as to make it intelligible to engineers. An illustrative example is presented of a naive perfect quantum code (Hamming-like code) with five-qubits for transmitting a single qubit of information. Also the (9,1)-Shor codes is addressed.
ANALYSIS OF USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AMONG MAIZE FARMERS IN ZARIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA.

The study assessed the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) among maize farmers in Zaria local government area of Kaduna state, Nigeria. The data was collected through a pretested structured questionnaire from one hundred and twenty (120) maize farmers from four wards using simple random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. The results from the study show that the maize farmers havea mean age of 34 years with 51.7% of them between 28-37 years. Furthermore, the result shows that majority (93.3%) of the maize farmers were male, married(76.7% ), and with most of them (64.2%)having a household size of 1-10.Also, about 39.2% of the maize farmers had tertiary education while most (68.33%) of themhave been in farming for at least 10 years. It was revealed that the most available ICTs used are radio (95.8%), mobile phone (92.5%), television (80.0%), internet (70.0%), camera (66.7%) and computer (56.7%). The frequency of ICTs usage revealed that mobile phone (mean=4.24) ranked the highest, closely followed by radio (mean=4.20). The study found that unstable electric power supply and lack of technical expertise were the major constraints that maize farmers encountered in using ICTs. The study concluded that mobile phone, radio, television and computer are the most available and frequently used ICTs in the study area.Efficient and trained extension workers are recommended in order to provide training and teaching in ICTs education for agricultural production, this will assist in the building capacity of maize farmers.
The vertex independence sequence of a graph is not constrained

There is disclosed a polyamide adhesive for bonding fabrics, particularly fusible interliners for fabrics, which are cleanable by laundering and/or dry cleaning. The polyamide adhesive is a terpolyamide of caprolactam and hexamethylene diamine with a mixture of polymeric fat acids and an aliphatic co-dicarboxylic acid having 20-22 carbon atoms.
Noninvasive photoplethysmography monitoring in free-moving rats

In this study, a noninvasive dynamic physiological monitoring system was proposed to assess animal disease prevention models. Most contemporary remote animal dynamic physiological monitoring systems are invasive by nature, and require the implantation of sensors in rats. This technique is prone to infections and makes continued data collection difficult. Contrarily, the proposed noninvasive system uses photoplethysmographic signals that are amplified in three stages (front end) in conjunction with an adaptive filter (back end) to offset the signal distortion caused by vibrations. The accuracy of the system was subsequently tested by measuring the heart rate of a test animal in both anesthetized and free-moving states. The proposed system has the advantage of low wearing interference. In addition, it is also more stable and durable than invasive systems. Therefore, the system is expected to provide a convenient and effective tool for physiologists of basic clinical studies.
Escherichia coli strains belonging to phylogenetic group B2 have superior capacity to persist in the intestinal microflora of infants.

Escherichia coli strains segregate into 4 phylogenetic groups, designated "A," "B1," "B2," and "D. " Pathogenic strains belong to group B2 and, to a lesser extent, group D, which more frequently carry virulence-factor genes than do group A strains and group B1 strains. This study investigated whether the capacity of E. coli to persist in the human intestine is related to its phylogenetic type. Resident (n=58) and transient (n=19) commensal E. coli strains isolated during a longitudinal study of 70 Swedish infants and previously tested for virulence-factor-gene carriage were tested for phylogenetic type. Of the strains resident in the intestinal microflora, 60% belonged to group B2, compared with only 21% of the transient strains (P=.004). In logistic regression, group B2 type predicted persistence in the intestinal microflora, independent of carriage of all investigated virulence-factor genes, including genes for P fimbriae (P=.03). Thus, group B2 strains appear to possess yet unidentified traits that enhance their survival in the human intestine.
Active Learning amidst Logical Knowledge

Structured prediction is ubiquitous in applications of machine learning such as knowledge extraction and natural language processing. Structure often can be formulated in terms of logical constraints. We consider the question of how to perform efficient active learning in the presence of logical constraints among variables inferred by different classifiers. We propose several methods and provide theoretical results that demonstrate the inappropriateness of employing uncertainty guided sampling, a commonly used active learning method. Furthermore, experiments on ten different datasets demonstrate that the methods significantly outperform alternatives in practice. The results are of practical significance in situations where labeled data is scarce.
Septic Arthrt anitis after Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background Septic arthritis after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is a rare complication. In the literature, several different managements are proposed. Hypothesis The graft can be retained during treatment of a septic arthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods A retrospective analysis of knee joint infections occurring after arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions was conducted. Fifteen patients were treated for postoperative septic arthritis of the knee after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction between 1996 and 2005. All patients underwent an urgent extensive arthroscopic debridement (washout and synovectomy) and parenteral antibiotics and oral antibiotics subsequently. Repetitive wash-outs were performed if necessary. The average time at follow-up for our series was 58 months (range, 9-99 months). Results Only 1 graft was removed during debridement because it was nonfunctional. All other patients retained their anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. There was no reinfection. There were 2 traumatic reruptures. We evaluated 11 patients: in 6 patients the Lachman test showed a translation of more than 3 mm, but all patients had a firm endpoint and there was no subjective instability. Early signs of radiological degeneration were seen in 3 patients. The value for the Lysholm knee scoring scale was 83, on average, ranging from 57 to 100. Regarding the International Knee Documentation Committee score, 2 patients had a final evaluation of normal, 7 patients nearly normal, and 2 patients abnormal. Conclusion The graft can be retained during treatment of septic arthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
IL-2 and 4-1BB Signaling Regulatory Cells Based on Synergy between T + FoxP3+ CD25+ Ex Vivo Expansion of CD4

2 Naturally occurring CD4 (cid:1) CD25 (cid:1) FoxP3 (cid:1) T regulatory (Treg) cells require three distinct signals transduced via TCR, CD28, and IL-2R for their development and maintenance. These requirements served as the basis for several recently developed ex vivo expansion protocols that relied on the use of solid support-bound Abs to CD3 and CD28 in the presence of high dose IL-2. We report in this study that Treg cells up-regulate the expression of inducible costimulatory receptor 4-1BB in response to IL-2, and stimulation using this receptor via a novel form of 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL) fused to a modiﬁed form of core streptavidin (SA-4-1BBL) was effective in expanding these cells up to 110-fold within 3 wk. Expanded cells up-regulated CD25, 4-1BB, and membranous TGF- (cid:2) , suppressed T cell proliferation, and prevented the rejection of allogeneic islets upon adoptive transfer into graft recipients. Importantly, SA-4-1BBL rendered CD4 (cid:1) CD25 (cid:3) T effector cells refractive to suppression by Treg cells. This dual function of signaling via 4-1BB, vis-a`-vis Treg cell expansion and licensing T effector cells resistant to Treg cell suppression, as well as the up-regulation of 4-1BB by IL-2 may serve as important regulatory mechanisms for immune homeostasis following antigenic challenge. Stimulation using a soluble form of SA-4-1BBL represents a novel approach to expand Treg cells with potential therapeutic applications in autoimmunity and transplantation. The Journal of Immunology, 2007, 179: 7295–7304.
An introduction to the construction and verification of Alphard programs

The programming language Alphard is designed to provide support for both the methodologies of “well-structured” programming and the techniques of formal program verification. Language constructs allow a programmer to isolate an abstraction, specifying its behavior publicly while localizing knowledge about its implementation. The verification of such an abstraction consists of showing that its implementation behaves in accordance with its public specifications; the abstraction can then be used with confidence in constructing other programs, and the verification of that use employs only the public specifications. This paper introduces Alphard by developing and verifying a data structure definition and a program that uses it. It shows how each language construct contributes to the development of the abstraction and discusses the way the language design and the verification methodology were tailored to each other. It serves not only as an introduction to Alphard, but also as an example of the symbiosis between verification and methodology in language design. The strategy of program structuring, illustrated for Alphard, is also applicable to most of the “data abstraction” mechanisms now appearing.
Road DNA based localization for autonomous vehicles

High-precision and reliable localization is current research focus in the area of autonomous vehicles. Previous studies rely on either high-cost sensors or some specific characteristics, which means that the methods are limited to only a bit given situations. In this paper, a road DNA based localization method is proposed. It could afford high-precision result and does not have the shortcomings of previous methods at the same time. The scenery on both sides of the roads are used to generate the prior-map. The map is presented as grid map by the joint probability of occupation and reflectivity. With this type of map, different environments show different properties, which means that this method is not limited to specific environments and is effective in most cases. It costs much less memory than the previous maps. The map and live road scene flatting are both generated by data collected by low-cost LIDAR. Normalized Information Distance is utilized to align the live road scene flatting with the road DNA. Experiments show the validation and precision of this method.
Effects of Urotensin II in Human Arteries and Veins of Varying Caliber

Background —Urotensin II (UII) is the ligand for the GPR14 receptor and the most potent vasoconstrictor in the cynomolgus monkey. UII also contracts rat thoracic aorta. We studied the effect of human UII (hUII) in human blood vessels Methods and Results —Small subcutaneous resistance arteries, internal mammary arteries, saphenous veins, and small subcutaneous veins were studied using standard techniques. Subcutaneous resistance arteries constricted in response to norepinephrine (maximum tension, 2.84±0.38 mN/mm; the concentration required to produce 50% of the maximum response [EC50], 0.52±0.07 &mgr;mol/L) and endothelin-1 (maximum tension, 4.19±0.93 mN/mm; EC50, 1.6±0.1 nmol/L). hUII did not contract these arteries, internal mammary arteries, or either type of vein, but it was a potent vasoconstrictor in rat thoracic aorta (maximum tension, 2.36±0.2 mN/mm; EC50, 1.13±0.36 nmol/L). Conclusions —hUII has no vasoconstrictor action in human arteries and veins of different sizes and vascular beds. Marked species differences in the actions of UII question its importance in human cardiovascular regulation.
Unique genetic variation at a species' rear edge is under threat from global climate change

Global climate change is having a significant effect on the distributions of a wide variety of species, causing both range shifts and population extinctions. To date, however, no consensus has emerged on how these processes will affect the range-wide genetic diversity of impacted species. It has been suggested that species that recolonized from low-latitude refugia might harbour high levels of genetic variation in rear-edge populations, and that loss of these populations could cause a disproportionately large reduction in overall genetic diversity in such taxa. In the present study, we have examined the distribution of genetic diversity across the range of the seaweed Chondrus crispus, a species that has exhibited a northward shift in its southern limit in Europe over the last 40 years. Analysis of 19 populations from both sides of the North Atlantic using mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), sequence data from two single-copy nuclear regions and allelic variation at eight microsatellite loci revealed unique genetic variation for all marker classes in the rear-edge populations in Iberia, but not in the rear-edge populations in North America. Palaeodistribution modelling and statistical testing of alternative phylogeographic scenarios indicate that the unique genetic diversity in Iberian populations is a result not only of persistence in the region during the last glacial maximum, but also because this refugium did not contribute substantially to the recolonization of Europe after the retreat of the ice. Consequently, loss of these rear-edge populations as a result of ongoing climate change will have a major effect on the overall genetic diversity of the species, particularly in Europe, and this could compromise the adaptive potential of the species as a whole in the face of future global warming.
Nonlinear control of a multirotor UAV with suspended load

This paper considers the control of a multirotor-type unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with a suspended load. The load is modeled as a pendulum, with a rigid link. We consider the case when the suspended load is connected to the centre of gravity of the UAV, and the interconnected system is modeled by Kane's method. A nonlinear controller based on the backstepping technique is derived, that ensures trajectory tracking of the UAV regardless of the pendulum motion. The origin of the tracking error is proved to be globally asymptotically stable, and results are verified by simulations.
IFSC/USP at ImageCLEF 2011: Plant Identication Task

The leaves are one of the most important main sources used for plant identication. Because of this the ImageCLEF 2011 proposed a challenge based on leaf analysis for plant identication. This paper reports the experiment results of the IFSC/USP team in participating of this task. The main goal is investigate the performance of Complex Network method for feature extraction and classication of plant species. The achieved results are promising and can help the botanists in the future.