Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Analysis of a Correlation-based Model 1 Title: Mathematical Analysis of a Correlation-based Model for Orientation Map Formation Mathematical Analysis of a Correlation-based Model 2

(RIKEN) and all members of his laboratory for their valuable discussions and suggestions. Abstract and Keywords Abstract. We consider a correlation-based model for orientation map formation proposed by Miller (1994) and study the formation mathematically. We perform the Fourier transform and compute the principal component of the model. With our analysis, the roles of functions are clarified and the result indicates that the developed orientation maps have the following properties. (1) It develops oriented receptive fields; (2) Preferred orientations smoothly change on the cortical surface; (3) The periodicity of preferred orientations does not appear; (4) The periodicity of phases appears; (5) Singular points appear irregularly on the cortical surface. Our analytical results are justified by computer simulations.
The Host Galaxies and Black Holes of Typical z~0.5-1.4 AGNs

We study the stellar and star formation properties of the host galaxies of 58 X-ray-selected AGNs in the GOODS portion of the Chandra Deep Field South (CDF-S) region at z ∼ 0.5-1.4. The AGNs are selected such that their rest-frame UV to near-infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are dominated by stellar emission; i.e., they show a prominent 1.6 μm bump, thus minimizing the AGN emission “contamination. ” This AGN population comprises approximately 50% of the X-ray-selected AGNs at these redshifts. We find that AGNs reside in the most massive galaxies at the redshifts probed here. Their characteristic stellar masses (M* ∼ 7.8 × 1010 and M* ∼ 1.2 × 1011 M☉ at median redshifts of 0.67 and 1.07, respectively) appear to be representative of the X-ray-selected AGN population at these redshifts and are intermediate between those of local type 2 AGNs and high-redshift (z ∼ 2) AGNs. The inferred black hole masses (MBH ∼ 2 × 108 M☉) of typical AGNs are similar to those of optically identified quasars at similar redshifts. Since the AGNs in our sample are much less luminous (L2–10 keV < 1044 erg s−1) than quasars, typical AGNs have low Eddington ratios (η ∼ 0.01-0.001). This suggests that, at least at intermediate redshifts, the cosmic AGN “downsizing” is due to both a decrease in the characteristic stellar mass of typical host galaxies and less efficient accretion. Finally, there is no strong evidence in AGN host galaxies for either highly suppressed star formation (expected if AGNs played a role in quenching star formation) or elevated star formation when compared to mass-selected (i.e., IRAC-selected) galaxies of similar stellar masses and redshifts.
Liquefaction hazard zonation mapping of the Saitama City, Japan

Liquefaction hazard zonation mapping of the Saitama City targeted on the Kanto Plain NW Edge Fault is described in this paper. The study involves the geotechnical properties of the alluvial soil of the city including Standard Penetration Test (SPT), shear wave velocity and other geological data analysis. The city being highly urbanized is situated on the soft soil (alluvial deposits) at the proximity of an active seismic fault that has increased the possibility of liquefaction hazard in the area. Kanto Plain NW Edge Fault is an active fault that lies very near to the Saitama City having the estimated possible earthquake magnitude of 7.4. The possible peak horizontal ground acceleration (a max ) from this earthquake is calculated as from 0.15 g to 0.30 g. By considering all possible acceleration values the liquefaction potential maps were prepared and presented in this paper. Additionally, the shear wave velocity is very low and amplification ratio is very high at the marshy deposit but it has comparatively high velocity and low amplification ratio at the marine loam deposit area of the Omiya Plateau. In this paper the liquefaction potential of the area is expressed in terms of liquefaction potential index (P L ). The P L value for the clayey silt deposit in the marshy area with shallow water table is very high. In addition, the P L value in the marine loam deposit of the Omiya Plateau is less which indicates that loam deposit has less liquefaction potential than marshy deposit. The map obtained from this study was validated with the field condition of the study area. Hence, it is expected that this study will assist in characterizing the seismic hazards and its mitigation and will provide valuable information for urban planning in the study area in future.
LİDERLİK TÜRLERİNİN WHISTLEBLOWING İLİŞKİSİNİN AVUKATLAR AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ

Bilgi ifsasi seklinde cevrilebilen “whistleblowing” tutumlari, bir orgutte olumlu ve olumsuz sonuclari olan onemli bir ic mekanizmadir. Bu tutumlarin etkilerinde orgutteki liderlik tarzinin onemi merak edilen bir husustur. Bu calismada, liderlik tarzlarinin whistleblowing davranislari uzerine etkisi, avukatlar ornegi uzerinde arastirilmistir. Liderlik tarzi olarak donusumcu ve etkilesimci liderlik tarzlari ile whistleblowing davranislarindan icsel whistleblowing, dissal whistleblowing ve sessiz kalma tutumu kavramlari irdelenmistir. Oncelikle demografik ozelliklere gore gruplar arasindaki liderlik ve whistleblowing puan ortalamalari farki, t testi ve ANOVA testi uygulanarak incelenmistir. Sonrasinda yapilan korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri yardimiyla whistleblowing davranislari ile liderlik tarzlari arasindaki iliski ortaya cikarilmak istenmistir. Bu iliski genel puanlarda zayif-ortanin altinda bulunmus, sessiz kalma tutumu ile liderlik puani arasindaki iliskinin negatif yonlu oldugu gorulmustur.
What You See is What I Want: Experiences with the Virtual X Shared Window System

There has been considerable interest in the problems associated with real-time, multi-user interfaces for computer supported collaborative work. This paper describes our experiences in designing and implementing Virtual X, a real-time window sharing system based on the X network protocol. The Virtual X environment provides a mechanism for the collaborative use of unmodi ed X applications, even though these applications were originally designed to have only one user. We discuss how our approach provides a basis for future research into the human factors of shared window systems. We explore the issues that arise in implenting this system in a heterogenous environment. Finally, we explain our support for collaboration-aware software and the future
Hiding out in plaintext : covert messaging with bitwise summations

A system is provided for digitizing the setting of a potentiometer of the type used in an analog joystick for computer games. The analog output of the potentiometer is applied to one of two inputs of a voltage comparator. When a readout of the joystick position is desired, a "write" input is applied to a counter to permit it to commence counting at a predetermined frequency from an initial or zero count. The digital outputs of the counter are coupled to the inputs of a digital-to-analog converter, the output of which is coupled to the second input of the voltage comparator. When the count in the counter produces a voltage at the output of the digital-to-analog converter corresponding to the voltage setting of the potentiometer, the comparator provides an output signal. The time delay from the time the write pulse occurs until this signal is obtained is representative of the potentiometer setting. The system also provides a direct digital output from the counter by gating the counter outputs to a bus at the time the signal from the comparator is obtained. Thus, either a time interval representation of the potentiometer setting or a direct digital readout of the potentiometer setting may be obtained from the system.
Volatility and duration models for financial intaday data: formulation, estimation and evaluation

This paper develops and tests empirically counting models for high frequency data: BIN (1,1) model with Poisson process, to check if this model allows to capture the clusturing phenomenon in the case of high frequence data, concening stocks intaday data. The process of estimation of the model using data generating process (DGP), then using the acutal data coming from three stocks of NYSE place (BOEING, DISNEY, and AWK), involves good results that validate model for generalisation to BIN(n,n) and for works on density forcasting. In this paper we studie the issue of adequacy of BIN models to capture the activities of financial markets about stocks intraday data (volume, quote, prices), and help to forecast the evolution of financial markets activities.
Design considerations for low-power ADC for retinal prosthesis applications

Retinal prostheses have great potential in helping restore vision in patients suffering age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. Power consumption is a major problem for implanted devices. Biomedical implant researchers are investigating suitable low-power architectures for future implant systems. For this reason, the design of ultra-low power interfaces, especially analog-to-digital converters is very important. A successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (ADC) has a simple and flexible architecture that makes it well-suited for systems utilizing wireless power transfer and operation below 1 Volt. This paper reviews power-efficient ADC techniques suitable for biomedical implant devices.
Applied Information Technology Design Principles for Convergence of Practices : An Action Research Study

Communities of practice is a conception for describing social aspects of organizational units. Interactions acros s the boundaries of these are achieved by means of artifacts and pra ctices. The convergence of information artifacts and the commun ity it is intended for is a process of negotiation and adjust men of both. Shared information systems are boundary objects tha offer great potential for effective boundary spanning. This pap er documents an action research study for development, implement ation and evaluation of design principles for enabling the co nvergence of practices. The results supported that implementatio n of the principles of transparency and of defragmentation e nable the convergence of practices.
Design of a Control System using Linear Matrix Inequalities for the Active Vibration Control of a Plate

The study of algorithms for active vibration control in smart structures is an area of interest, mainly due to the demand for better performance of mechanical systems, such as aircraft and aerospace structures. Smart structures, formed using actuators and sensors, can improve the dynamic performance with the application of several kinds of controllers. This article describes the application of a technique based on linear matrix inequalities (LMI) to design an active control system. The positioning of the actuators, the design of a robust state feedback controller and the design of an observer are all achieved using LMI. The following are considered in the controller design: limited actuator input, bounded output (energy) and robustness to parametric uncertainties. Active vibration control of a flat plate is chosen as an application example. The model is identified using experimental data by an eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA) and the placement of the two piezoelectric actuators and single sensor is determined using a finite element model (FEM) and an optimization procedure. A robust controller for active damping is designed using an LMI framework, and a reduced model with observation and control spillover effects is implemented using a computer. The simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the approach, and show that the control system increases the damping in some of the modes.
A Data Labeling Method for Categorical Data Clustering Using Cluster Entropies in Rough Sets

Data mining automates the process of finding predictive records in large databases. Clustering is a very popular technique in data mining and is a significant methodology that is performed based on the principle of diminishing the intra-cluster dissimilarities and in turn increases the inter-cluster dissimilarity. The segregation of a large database is a challenging and time consuming task. For this purpose, an approach called data labeling through sampling technique is used. Using this approach segregating large databases not only gets easier but also it increases the efficiency of clustering technique. Initially a sample data is retrieved from a large database for clustering and the residual unsampled data points are compared with the clustered data from which the similar data points are clustered and the dissimilar one are considered as outliers based on various data labeling techniques. These data labeling techniques are easier to apply in the numerical domains, whereas in the categorical domains this is a complicated task as the distance among data points are incalculable. Further the proposed methodology gives a data labeling technique based on the changes in the intra-cluster and inter-cluster dissimilarities after including unlabelled data point into existing cluster for categorical data using cluster entropy in rough set theory. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is an efficient and high quality clustering algorithm compared to that of the previous ones.
Bivariate Genetic Modeling of Cardiovascular Stress Reactivity: Does Stress Uncover Genetic Variance?

Objective: To test the existence of gene-by-stress interaction by assessing cardiovascular stress reactivity in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Methods: We studied 160 adolescent (mean age 16.7 ± 2.0 years; range 13–22 years) and 212 middle-aged twin pairs (mean age 44.2 ± 6.7 years; range 34–63 years). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, heart rate (HR), pre-ejection period (PEP), and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were measured at rest and during a choice reaction time and a mental arithmetic task. We used a bivariate analysis of the resting and mean stress levels to test for gene-by-stress interaction, which can be caused by the emergence of new genetic variance specific to stress or by stress-induced amplification of the existing genetic variance at rest. Results: Genetic factors significantly contributed to individual differences in resting SBP, DBP, HR, PEP, and RSA levels in the adolescent (heritability range 0.31–0.70) and middle-aged (heritability range 0.32–0.64) cohorts. The effect of these genetic factors was amplified by stress for all variables in the adolescent cohort, and for SBP in the middle-aged cohort. In addition, stress-specific genetic variation emerged for HR in both cohorts and for PEP and SBP in the adolescent cohort. Heritability of stress levels of SBP, DBP, HR, PEP, and RSA ranged from 0.54 to 0.74 in the adolescents and from 0.44 to 0.64 in the middle-aged cohort. Conclusions: Stress uncovers genetic variance in BP, HR, and cardiac sympathovagal balance through the emergence of new stress-specific genetic effects and the amplification of existing genetic effects that also affect the resting values. SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; HR = heart rate; PEP = pre-ejection period; RSA = respiratory sinus arrhythmia; MZ = monozygotic; DZ = dizygotic; MZM = monozygotic males; MZF = monozygotic females; DZM = dizygotic males; DZF = dizygotic females; DOS = dizygotic twin pairs of opposite sex; h2 = heritability; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BMI = body mass index; ECG = electrocardiogram; ICG = impedance cardiogram; PCG = phonocardiogram.
Distributed Fuzzy Optimal Spectrum Sensing In Cognitive Radio

The spectrum is a scarce resource and must utilize efficiently, the cognitive radio is a prospective solution for underutilized spectrum. The spectrum sensing is a key functionality to alleviate interference of secondary user to primary. The cognitive radios must detect the existence of the primary user and vacate the band for the primary immediately if the primary user detected. In cooperative sensing, every cognitive radio communicates their decision to fusion center via reporting channel. The reporting channels are not error free, which results corruption in the secondary's decision or information due to multipath fading and shadowing. This paper investigates the distributed fuzzy optimal cooperative spectrum sensing. The data and decision fusion with fuzzy detection is investigated in this paper. The simulation result shows the significant improvement in sensing performance over AND, OR and majority rules. The optimality in spectrum sensing is achieved by the proposed method with 1/3 of total malicious secondary users. The proposed scheme outperforms in the presence of malicious users.
Interaction between ingested nutrients and gut endocrine cells in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (Review)

Several endocrine cell abnormalities have been reported in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). These cells have specialized microvilli that project into the lumen; they function as sensors for the gut contents and respond to luminal stimuli (mostly ingested nutrients) by releasing hormones into the lamina propria, where they exert their effects via a paracrine/endocrine mode of action. Certain food items trigger the symptoms experienced by IBS patients, including those rich in fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs). In this review, we present the argument that the effects of both FODMAPs and the proportional intake of proteins, fats and carbohydrates on IBS symptoms may be caused by an interaction with the gut endocrine cells. Since the gut hormones control and regulate gastrointestinal motility and sensation, this interaction may be responsible for abnormal gastrointestinal motility and the visceral hypersensitivity observed in these patients. There is no consistent evidence that IBS patients suffer from food allergy. The role of gluten intolerance in the development of IBS symptoms in these patients remains a matter of controversy. Individual guidance on food management, which includes restrictions in the intake of FODMAP-rich foods and testing diets with different proportions of proteins, fats and carbohydrates has been found to reduce the symptoms, improve the quality of life, and make the habitual diet of IBS patients more healthy.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of hypertension among hypertensive patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Hypertension is a chronic disease and an important risk factor for cardiovascular complications. The increase in prevalence of hypertension is attributed to age of population, urbanization, sedentary habits, lack of physical activity, obesity, alcohol consumption and exposure to continuous stress. Regular anti-hypertensive medications can reduce the long-term risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study was done to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding hypertension and to assess the drug compliance in hypertensive patients.Methods: This study was a cross sectional questionnaire based, conducted among 200 hypertensive patients attending hypertension clinic (Department of Medicine) of Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry, India from October to December 2018. A close-ended questionnaire was given to the patients, which comprised of 16 questions on knowledge (5), attitude (5) and practice (6). Data was analyzed and expressed in descriptive statistics.Results: The commonly prescribed anti-hypertensive medications were calcium channel blockers (79%) and β blockers (26.5%). Knowledge regarding hypertension, normal BP, symptoms and complications was 74%, 54.5%, 41.5% and 37.5% respectively. Positive attitude regarding regular medications, role of drugs, diet control, salt restriction and physical activity was found in 94%, 40.5%, 74%, 76% and 67% respectively. Regular BP measurement, follow up, salt restriction and exercise were practiced by 77%, 77%, 72% and 9% of patients respectively.Conclusions: Present study reflected a lack of knowledge among hypertensive patients regarding normal BP, symptoms and complications. A positive attitude and practice were observed among the patients except for practice of regular exercise. Hence, emphasize on awareness about symptoms, complications and importance of physical activity should be improved particularly among male patients.
A Systematic Review of the Frequency of Neurocyticercosis with a Focus on People with Epilepsy

Background The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of studies reporting the frequency of neurocysticercosis (NCC) worldwide. Methods/Principal Findings PubMed, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau (CAB) abstracts and 23 international databases were systematically searched for articles published from January 1, 1990 to June 1, 2008. Articles were evaluated for inclusion by at least two researchers focusing on study design and methods. Data were extracted independently using standardized forms. A random-effects binomial model was used to estimate the proportion of NCC among people with epilepsy (PWE). Overall, 565 articles were retrieved and 290 (51%) selected for further analysis. After a second analytic phase, only 4.5% of articles, all of which used neuroimaging for the diagnosis of NCC, were reviewed. Only two studies, both from the US, estimated an incidence rate of NCC using hospital discharge data. The prevalence of NCC in a random sample of village residents was reported from one study where 9.1% of the population harboured brain lesions of NCC. The proportion of NCC among different study populations varied widely. However, the proportion of NCC in PWE was a lot more consistent. The pooled estimate for this population was 29.0% (95%CI: 22.9%–35.5%). These results were not sensitive to the inclusion or exclusion of any particular study. Conclusion/Significance Only one study has estimated the prevalence of NCC in a random sample of all residents. Hence, the prevalence of NCC worldwide remains unknown. However, the pooled estimate for the proportion of NCC among PWE was very robust and could be used, in conjunction with estimates of the prevalence and incidence of epilepsy, to estimate this component of the burden of NCC in endemic areas. The previously recommended guidelines for the diagnostic process and for declaring NCC an international reportable disease would improve the knowledge on the global frequency of NCC.
Characterization of the Class 3 Integron and the Site-Specific Recombination System It Determines

ABSTRACT Integrons capture gene cassettes by using a site-specific recombination mechanism. As only one class of integron and integron-determined site-specific recombination system has been studied in detail, the properties of a second class, the only known class 3 integron, were examined. The configuration of the three potentially definitive features of integrons, the intI3 gene, the adjacent attI3 recombination site, and the Pc promoter that directs transcription of the cassettes, was similar to that found in the corresponding region (5′ conserved segment) of class 1 integrons. The integron features are flanked by a copy of the terminal inverted repeat, IRi, from class 1 integrons on one side and a resolvase-encoding tniR gene on the other, suggesting that they are part of a transposable element related to Tn402 but with the integron module in the opposite orientation. The IntI3 integrase was active and able to recognize and recombine both known types of IntI-specific recombination sites, the attI3 site in the integron, and different cassette-associated 59-be (59-base element) sites. Both integration of circularized cassettes into the attI3 site and excision of integrated cassettes were also catalyzed by IntI3. The attI3 site was localized to a short region adjacent to the intI3 gene. Recombination between a 59-be and secondary sites was also catalyzed by IntI3, but at frequencies significantly lower than observed with IntI1, the class 1 integron integrase.