Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Risk Assessment Method Based on Grey Relational Projection in Ad Hoc Networks

Because of the special characteristics of the ad hoc networks, such as highly dynamic topology, open access of wireless channels, and the lack of regular network infrastructure, the routing and user data communication are more vulnerable. Therefore the nodes risk assessment is very important. The traditional assessment is subjective and unreliable due to the fact that some nodes reveal little information and quantity of samples is limited in ad hoc networks. This paper proposes a risk assessment method for mobile ad hoc networks based on a combination of grey theory and vector projection, which can deal with the small samples, case of incomplete information, and lack of experience. The risk assessment analysis and assessment example show that the method in this paper is suitable for the true mobile ad hoc network environment.
Chronic Oligodendrogenesis and Remyelination after Spinal Cord Injury in Mice and Rats

Adult progenitor cells proliferate in the acutely injured spinal cord and their progeny differentiate into new oligodendrocytes (OLs) that remyelinate spared axons. Whether this endogenous repair continues beyond the first week postinjury (wpi), however, is unknown. Identifying the duration of this response is essential for guiding therapies targeting improved recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI) by enhancing OL survival and/or remyelination. Here, we used two PDGFRα-reporter mouse lines and rats injected with a GFP-retrovirus to assess progenitor fate through 80 d after injury. Surprisingly, new OLs were generated as late as 3 months after injury and their processes ensheathed axons near and distal to the lesion, colocalized with MBP, and abutted Caspr+ profiles, suggesting newly formed myelin. Semithin sections confirmed stereotypical thin OL remyelination and few bare axons at 10 wpi, indicating that demyelination is relatively rare. Astrocytes in chronic tissue expressed the pro-OL differentiation and survival factors CNTF and FGF-2. In addition, pSTAT3+ NG2 cells were present through at least 5 wpi, revealing active signaling of the Jak/STAT pathway in these cells. The progenitor cell fate genes Sox11, Hes5, Id2, Id4, BMP2, and BMP4 were dynamically regulated for at least 4 wpi. Collectively, these data verify that the chronically injured spinal cord is highly dynamic. Endogenous repair, including oligodendrogenesis and remyelination, continues for several months after SCI, potentially in response to growth factors and/or transcription factor changes. Identifying and understanding spontaneous repair processes such as these is important so that beneficial plasticity is not inadvertently interrupted and effort is not exerted to needlessly duplicate ongoing spontaneous repair.
Rampant Gene Exchange Across a Strong Reproductive Barrier Between the Annual Sunflowers, Helianthus annuus and H. petiolaris

Plant species may remain morphologically distinct despite gene exchange with congeners, yet little is known about the genomewide pattern of introgression among species. Here we analyze the effects of persistent gene flow on genomic differentiation between the sympatric sunflower species Helianthus annuus and H. petiolaris. While the species are strongly isolated in testcrosses, genetic distances at 108 microsatellite loci and 14 sequenced genes are highly variable and much lower (on average) than for more closely related but historically allopatric congeners. Our analyses failed to detect a positive association between levels of genetic differentiation and chromosomal rearrangements (as reported in a prior publication) or proximity to QTL for morphological differences or hybrid sterility. However, a significant increase in differentiation was observed for markers within 5 cM of chromosomal breakpoints. Together, these results suggest that islands of differentiation between these two species are small, except in areas of low recombination. Furthermore, only microsatellites associated with ESTs were identified as outlier loci in tests for selection, which might indicate that the ESTs themselves are the targets of selection rather than linked genes (or that coding regions are not randomly distributed). In general, these results indicate that even strong and genetically complex reproductive barriers cannot prevent widespread introgression.
A 50-to-62GHz wide-locking-range CMOS injection-locked frequency divider with transformer feedback

A 50-to-62 GHz injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) with transformer feedback technique is designed in 0.13-mum CMOS technology for wide locking range. The measurement results show that the free-running frequency is 55.3 GHz and the total locking range is 12 GHz (>20%) at the input power level of 0 dBm while consuming 10.8 mW from a 0.9 V power supply. The phase noise of the divider is -124.93 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from the carrier. This wide locking range ILFD is suitable for integration into a phase-lock-loop (PLL) system because of its small size and no need of extra control signal.
An Examination of the Role of Organizational Enablers in Business Process Reengineering and the Impact of Information Technology

This study examines organizational factors that affect the implementation of business process reengineering BPR when applying two specific Information Technologies i.e., electronic data interchange and/or Internet technology. This research uses a survey methodology to gather information about how organizational enablers and IT affect BPR implementation. By determining the factors that affect BPR implementation, these factors can be managed in the best interest of customers, employees, and organizations. From the nine hypotheses tested in this study, six factors found to be positively associated with successful implementation of BPR. These factors are: top management supports, change management, centralization of decision making, formalization of procedure, organizational culture, and customer involvement. No significant relationship is found between employee resistance and integration of jobs with successful implementation of BPR. In this research we found that the lack of resources is negatively associated with successful implementation of BPR. We also found that, different information technologies such as those examined in this paper-EDI and Internet-provide different capabilities and can be useful in different ways and for different purposes. The findings of this research can help practitioners to better understand the role of critical success and failure factors in BPR, as well as the impact of different Information Technologies on BPR. By determining the factors that affect BPR implementation, these factors can be managed in the best interest of customers, employees, and organizations.
Non additive ordinal relations representable by lower or upper probabilities

We characterize (in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions) binary relations representable by a lower probability. Such relations can be non-additive (as the relations representable by a probability) and also not "partially monotone" (as the relations representable by a belief function). Moreover we characterize relations representable by upper probabilities and those representable by plausibility. In fact the conditions characterizing these relations are not immedi~tely deducible by means of "dual" conditions given on the contrary events, like in the numerical case.
Aphasia following a stroke : recovery and recommendations for rehabilitation

Aphasia, an acquired language disorder, affects some 5,000 patients each year in Switzerland. Recovery from and therapy for aphasia are challenging areas of study for neuro rehabilitation because they concern one neurological domain (language) but different functions, such as verbal communication and activities involving daily life and self-organisation. The vast majority of aphasia patients have the potential to recover, if they do not suffer from dementia. Studies on therapy efficacy suggest that different types of therapy have their merits, including group therapies or treatment involving families, but they: (1.) must be adapted to the type of aphasia; (2.) must be adapted to the patient; and (3.) often require a minimum of intensity (between three sessions per week and once a day during the acute phase) and of duration (at least three months). Focused interventions in the chronic phase have also demonstrated their effectiveness. Moreover, in about half of the cases, therapy in one language can be generalised to another language spoken by the patient.
Effect of legumes as part of a low glycemic index diet on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Legumes, including beans, chickpeas, and lentils, are among the lowest glycemic index (GI) foods and have been recommended in national diabetes mellitus (DM) guidelines. Yet, to our knowledge, they have never been used specifically to lower the GI of the diet. We have therefore undertaken a study of low-GI foods in type 2 DM with a focus on legumes in the intervention. METHODS A total of 121 participants with type 2 DM were randomized to either a low-GI legume diet that encouraged participants to increase legume intake by at least 1 cup per day, or to increase insoluble fiber by consumption of whole wheat products, for 3 months. The primary outcome was change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values with calculated coronary heart disease (CHD) risk score as a secondary outcome. RESULTS The low-GI legume diet reduced HbA1c values by -0.5% (95% CI, -0.6% to -0.4%) and the high wheat fiber diet reduced HbA1c values by -0.3% (95% CI, -0.4% to -0.2%). The relative reduction in HbA1c values after the low-GI legume diet was greater than after the high wheat fiber diet by -0.2% (95% CI, -0.3% to -0.1%; P < .001). The respective CHD risk reduction on the low-GI legume diet was -0.8% (95% CI, -1.4% to -0.3%; P = .003), largely owing to a greater relative reduction in systolic blood pressure on the low-GI legume diet compared with the high wheat fiber diet (-4.5 mm Hg; 95% CI, -7.0 to -2.1 mm Hg; P < .001). CONCLUSION Incorporation of legumes as part of a low-GI diet improved both glycemic control and reduced calculated CHD risk score in type 2 DM.
Parkinsonism and tremor disorders. A clinical approach

Differentiation of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease from other causes of Parkinsonism, such as Multiple System Atrophy, Progressive Supranuclar Palsy and Vascular Parkinsonism can be difficult. Clinicopathological studies suggest that the clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease is 76% reliable. Also, clinical differentiation of tremor prominent Parkinsonism from Essential Tremor or Drug induced Parkinsonism may be problematic, especially in the early stages of the disease. Since these disorders are obviously different in clinical progress, it is important for the clinician to address the patient’s and family’s concerns about prognosis from a firm diagnostic footing. In this article the clinical features of the common and important causes of Parkinsonism and tremor disorders are reviewed and a practical approach is suggested.
The error-correcting capabilities of low-complexity decoded H-LDPC code as irregular LDPC code

This paper deals with the Low-Density Parity-Check codes with the constituent Hamming codes (H-LDPC codes) and two different iterative hard-decision low-complexity decoding algorithms. Both algorithms are based on the same main idea: the decreasing of the syndrome weight on each step of the decoding algorithm. The first decoding algorithm uses the properties of the constituent Hamming code. The best known lower-bound on the guaranteed corrected errors fraction for the H-LDPC codes under the first decoding algorithm was obtained in 2011. The second decoding algorithm considers H-LDPC as the irregular LDPC code and uses the well-known majority decoding algorithm. The lower-bound on the guaranteed corrected errors fraction for H-LDPC code under the second decoding algorithm is introduced for the first time in this paper. Numerical results for the lower-bound, obtained in this paper for H-LDPC code under the second decoding algorithm, significantly exceed the numerical results for the best known lower-bounds, obtained previously for H-LDPC code under the first decoding algorithm.
Bridal pregnancy and women’s educational attainment in South Korea, 1970–2009

Abstract We examine the link between marriage and fertility in South Korea by focusing on the historic trend of bridal pregnancy (marriage preceded by pregnancy) over the four decadal marriage cohorts since the 1970s. We first demonstrate how the rate of bridal pregnancy changes over the observed period and then investigate the educational differentials in the trend. These inquiries are examined by analyzing a sample of 29,213 ever-married Korean women from recently pooled data from the National Survey of Fertility and Family Health (NSFFH). The results show that bridal pregnancy has increased from 16% in the 1970s marriage cohort to 20% in the 2000s marriage cohort. In response to class differentials, while bridal pregnancy has been more prevalent among less-educated women than among their counterparts, bridal pregnancy has increased across all education groups over time. In addition, the magnitudes of increase are more noticeable among highly educated women of recent marriage cohorts. We contextualize our findings and provide speculations about subsequent family changes in South Korea.
Querying the Web Reconsidered: Design Principles for Versatile Web Query Languages

A decade of experience with research proposals as well as standardized query languages for the conventional Web and the recent emergence of query languages for the Semantic Web call for a reconsideration of design principles for Web and Semantic Web query languages. This chapter first argues that a new generation of versatile Web query languages is needed for solving the challenges posed by the changing Web: We call versatile those query languages able to cope with both Web and Semantic Web data expressed in any (Web or Semantic Web) markup language. This chapter further suggests that well-known referential transparency and novel answer-closedness are essential features of versatile query languages. Indeed, they allow queries to be considered like forms and answers like formfillings in the spirit of the query-by-example paradigm. This chapter finally suggests that the decentralized and heterogeneous nature of the Web requires incomplete data specifications (or incomplete queries) and incomplete data selections (or incomplete answers); the form-like query can be specified without precise knowledge of the queried data, and answers can be restricted to contain only an excerpt of the queried data.
Review: Practical Design and Analysis of 2-Colour cDNA Microarray Experiments

This review paper, is aimed at biological researchers who are interested in or have begun to use cDNA microarrays for their investigations. Large microarray studies typically involve a multi-disciplinary team with various groups performing different aspects of the same experiment. This approach means that microarrays are less accessible to new researchers than more traditional biological techniques. This review aims to make current techniques of statistical design, normalisation and linear analysis of cDNA microarray experiments accessible to a wider community. These methods will be illustrated with examples that use freely-available packages implemented in Bioconductor and R.
Image compression on biomedical images using predictive coding with the help of ROI

The improvement of multimedia, biomedical, medical and digital imaging has led to huge amount of data required to represent modern imagery. This requires a large disk space for storage and more time for transmitting from one computer networks to the other. Both are relatively expensive. In the biomedical images, the resolution is also very high. So, the factors like large space for storage, time and high resolution proves the need for images compression. Image compression addresses those problems and gives the solution of reducing the space required to represent biomedical image and then this takes less time to transmission from one computer network to other and it converts high resolution into the low resolution. Biomedical images are in the form of DICOM. In this paper we consider the condition of medical report. If we send the biomedical image of person from one place to other by using the network, then we will perform the compression techniques. In this paper we also perform the inverse transform for encoding or decoding the image. In this paper we propose the predictive compression algorithm with the help of ROI on biomedical images.
Support vector machines applied to white blood cell recognition

A clinical decision support system known as Leuko has been developed for leukemia diagnosis using a naive Bayes classifier. The system is able to recognize six types of white blood cells (WBC), including a malignancy. This paper investigates the use of support vector machines (SVMs) classifiers to recognize WBC for future leukemia diagnosis. Since SVMs are originally designed for the solution of two class problems, several strategies for their extension to this multiclass task are investigated and compared. The experimental results evidence the potential of SVMs to leukemia diagnosis and indicate that a hierarchical tree-based multiclass strategy can be better suited to a future update of the Leuko system.
Mechanism for long-acting chimeras based on fusion with the carboxyl-terminal peptide (CTP) of human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit 3

Thermodynamic scaling explains the dramatic successes of CTP fused human growth proteins as regards lifetime in vivo and enhanced functionality compared to their wild-type analogues, like Biogen. The theory is semi-quantitative and contains no adjustable parameters. It shows how hydrophilic terminal spheres orient fused proteins in the neighborhood of a membrane surface, extending lifetimes and improving functionality.
Linear Model Selection by Cross-validation

Abstract We consider the problem of selecting a model having the best predictive ability among a class of linear models. The popular leave-one-out cross-validation method, which is asymptotically equivalent to many other model selection methods such as the Akaike information criterion (AIC), the C p , and the bootstrap, is asymptotically inconsistent in the sense that the probability of selecting the model with the best predictive ability does not converge to 1 as the total number of observations n → ∞. We show that the inconsistency of the leave-one-out cross-validation can be rectified by using a leave-n v -out cross-validation with n v , the number of observations reserved for validation, satisfying n v /n → 1 as n → ∞. This is a somewhat shocking discovery, because nv/n → 1 is totally opposite to the popular leave-one-out recipe in cross-validation. Motivations, justifications, and discussions of some practical aspects of the use of the leave-n v -out cross-validation method are provided, and results .
Reducing gaps in quantitative association rules: A genetic programming free-parameter algorithm

The extraction of useful information for decision making is a challenge in many different domains. Association rule mining is one of the most important techniques in this field, discovering relationships of interest among patterns. Despite the mining of association rules being an area of great interest for many researchers, the search for well-grouped continuous values is still a challenge, discovering rules that do not comprise patterns which represent unnecessary ranges of values. Existing algorithms for mining association rules in continuous domains are mainly based on a non-deterministic search, requiring a high number of parameters to be optimised. These parameters hinder the mining process, and the algorithms themselves must be known to those data mining experts that want to use them. We therefore present a grammar guided genetic programming algorithm that does not require as many parameters as other existing approaches and enables the discovery of quantitative association rules comprising small-size gaps. The algorithm is verified over a varied set of data, comparing the results to other association rule mining algorithms from several paradigms. Additionally, some resulting rules from different paradigms are analysed, demonstrating the effectiveness of our model for reducing gaps in numerical features.
Bilingual acquisition of Czech and English stops: An acoustic study of VOT

This study analyses the bilingual acquisition, code-switching and the Voice Onset Time (VOT) production in three simultaneous bilinguals aged 4 to 6. The paper is an acoustic study and is based on the experiment with the bilingual children. The aim of the study is to compare the voiceless plosives /p, t, k/ in the Czech and English language as there is a difference in a length of VOT and aspiration. The result will also reveal whether the bilingual children are capable of immediate code-switching and using the appropriate consonant sounds inventory or the two systems interfere into one another.
An Offline Technique for Localization of License Plates for Indian Commercial Vehicles

Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) is a challenging area of research due to its importance to variety of commercial applications. The overall problem may be subdivided into two key modules, firstly, localization of license plates from vehicle images, and secondly, optical character recognition of extracted license plates. In the current work, we have concentrated on the first part of the problem, i.e., localization of license plate regions from Indian commercial vehicles as a significant step towards development of a complete ALPR system for Indian vehicles. The technique is based on color based segmentation of vehicle images and identification of potential license plate regions. True license plates are finally localized based on four spatial and horizontal contrast features. The technique successfully localizes the actual license plates in 73.4% images.
The cannabinoid system and immune modulation

Studies on the effects of marijuana smoking have evolved into the discovery and description of the endocannabinoid system. To date, this system is composed of two receptors, CB1 and CB2, and endogenous ligands including anandamide, 2‐arachidonoyl glycerol, and others. CB1 receptors and ligands are found in the brain as well as immune and other peripheral tissues. Conversely, CB2 receptors and ligands are found primarily in the periphery, especially in immune cells. Cannabinoid receptors are G protein‐coupled receptors, and they have been linked to signaling pathways and gene activities in common with this receptor family. In addition, cannabinoids have been shown to modulate a variety of immune cell functions in humans and animals and more recently, have been shown to modulate T helper cell development, chemotaxis, and tumor development. Many of these drug effects occur through cannabinoid receptor signaling mechanisms and the modulation of cytokines and other gene products. It appears the immunocannabinoid system is involved in regulating the brain‐immune axis and might be exploited in future therapies for chronic diseases and immune deficiency.