Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microbial diversity in soils suppressive to Fusarium diseases

Fusarium species are cosmopolitan soil phytopathogens from the division Ascomycota, which produce mycotoxins and cause significant economic losses of crop plants. However, soils suppressive to Fusarium diseases are known to occur, and recent knowledge on microbial diversity in these soils has shed new lights on phytoprotection effects. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge on soils suppressive to Fusarium diseases and the role of their rhizosphere microbiota in phytoprotection. This is an important issue, as disease does not develop significantly in suppressive soils even though pathogenic Fusarium and susceptible host plant are present, and weather conditions are suitable for disease. Soils suppressive to Fusarium diseases are documented in different regions of the world. They contain biocontrol microorganisms, which act by inducing plants’ resistance to the pathogen, competing with or inhibiting the pathogen, or parasitizing the pathogen. In particular, some of the Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Paenibacillus and Streptomyces species are involved in plant protection from Fusarium diseases. Besides specific bacterial populations involved in disease suppression, next-generation sequencing and ecological networks have largely contributed to the understanding of microbial communities in soils suppressive or not to Fusarium diseases, revealing different microbial community patterns and differences for a notable number of taxa, according to the Fusarium pathosystem, the host plant and the origin of the soil. Agricultural practices can significantly influence soil suppressiveness to Fusarium diseases by influencing soil microbiota ecology. Research on microbial modes of action and diversity in suppressive soils should help guide the development of effective farming practices for Fusarium disease management in sustainable agriculture.
Distinguishing the combined vegetation and soil component of δ13C variation in speleothem records from subsequent degassing and prior calcite precipitation effects

Abstract. The carbon isotopic signature inherited from soil and epikarst processes may be modified by degassing and prior calcite precipitation (PCP) before its imprint on speleothem calcite. Despite laboratory demonstration of PCP effects on carbon isotopes and increasingly sophisticated models of the governing processes, to date, there has been limited effort to deconvolve the dual PCP and soil–epikarst components in measured speleothem isotopic time series. In this contribution, we explore the feasibility, advantages, and disadvantages of using trace element ratios and δ44Ca to remove the overprinting effect of PCP on measured δ13C to infer the temporal variations in the initial δ13C of drip water prior to degassing and PCP. In nine examined stalagmites, the most widely utilized PCP indicators Mg/Ca and δ44Ca covary as expected. However, Sr / Ca does not show consistent relationships with δ44Ca so PCP is not the dominant control on Sr / Ca. From δ44Ca and Mg/Ca, our calculation of PCP as fCa, the fraction of initial Ca remaining in solution at the time the stalagmite layer is deposited, yields multiple viable solutions depending on the assumed δ44Ca fractionation factor and inferred variation in DMg. Uncertainty in the effective fractionation of δ13C during degassing and precipitation contributes to uncertainty in the absolute value of estimated initial δ13C. Nonetheless, the trends in initial δ13C are less sensitive to these uncertainties. In coeval stalagmites from the same cave spanning the 94 to 82 ka interval, trends in calculated initial δ13C are more similar than those in measured δ13C and reveal a common positive-anomaly initial δ13C during a stadial cooling event. During deglaciations, calculated initial δ13C implies a trend of greater respiration rates and higher soil CO2, although the higher interglacial drip water saturation favors more extensive PCP. Initial δ13C can be estimated for active and fossil speleothems from a range of settings, wherever there is confidence that Mg/Ca and/or δ44Ca provides a quantitative indication of past changes in PCP. Further study of Mg partitioning in speleothems will improve the robustness of Mg/Ca as a PCP proxy.
Using hyperspectral image enhancement method for small size object detection on the sea surface

Small size object detection in vast ocean plays an important role in rescues after accident or disaster. One of the promising approach is a hyperspectral imaging system (HIS). However, due to the limitation of HIS sensor’s resolution, interested target might occupy only several pixels or less in the image, it’s difficult to detect small object, moreover the sun glint of the sea surface make it even more difficult. In this paper, we propose an image analysis technique suitable for the computer aided detection of small objects on the sea surface, especially humans. We firstly separate objects from background by adapting a previously proposed image enhancement method and then apply a linear unmixing method to define the endmember’s spectrum. At last, we use spectral angle mapping method to classify presented objects and thus detect small size object. The proposed system provides the following results for supporting the detection of humans and other small objects on the sea surface; an image with spectral color enhancement, alerts of various objects, and the human detection results. This multilayered approach is expected to reduce the oversight, i.e., false negative error. Results of the proposed technique have been compared with existent methods, and our method has successfully enhance the hyperspectral image, and detect small object from the sea surface with high human detection rate, shows the ability to further detection of human in this study). The result are less influenced by the sun glint effects. This study helps recognizing small objects on the sea surface, and it leads to advances in the rescuing system using aircraft equipped HIS technology.
Learning-Based Efficient Phase- Amplitude Modulation and Hybrid Control for MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound Treatment

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRg-FUS) has become attractive, accredited to its non-invasive nature. However, ultrasound beams focusing and steering is still challenging owing to aberrations induced by soft tissue heterogeneity. In particular for beam motion control to ensure real-time and precise tracking in the deep-seated region over abdominal organs, while considering full-wave propagation. To this end, we proposed a closed-loop hybrid control scheme and a learning-based modulation model for robot-assisted MRg-FUS treatments. By introducing a rapid phase estimator to provide an efficient (<3 ms) solution, the robust H∞ controller enables real-time and accurate tracking (0.30 mm) without prior knowledge of heterogeneous media, even under unknown disturbances. Our model enables rapid (2.65 ms) phase-amplitude modulation and precise targeting (mean 0.35 mm, max. 0.65 mm), meeting clinical standard. Focal obliquity is significantly “aligned” to only 2.7°. Results from sensitivity analysis and transducer design also support the model's clinical feasibility and potential in widespread MRg-FUS treatments.
Interspecies recombination in NSP3 gene in the first porcine rotavirus H in Russia identified using nanopore-based metagenomic sequencing

During the last decade, porcine rotavirus H was detected in the USA, Asian regions, South Africa, Brazil, and a couple of European countries. In the presented study, the virus was identified in piglets on a farrow-to-finish farm in Russia during metagenomic surveillance. Currently, it is the first identification of this species in the country. As a diagnostic method, nanopore-based metagenomic sequencing was applied. The obtained nanopore reads allowed for the assembly of 10 genome segments out of 11. The phylogenetic analysis revealed the virus belonged to the porcine cluster and had GX-P3-I3-R3-C3-M8-A7-N1-T5-E3-H3 genome constellation. Moreover, three potential new genotype groups for VP3, NSP1, and NSP3 genes were determined. Additionally, a recombination between RVH and RVC in the NSP3 gene was detected. The study provides significant information about a novel RVH strain.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Verb-based restrictions on noun incorporation across languages

: Although some characteristics of incorporating verbs and non-incorporating verbs have been proposed in previous studies, little systematic cross-linguistic research has been done on restrictions on the types of verbs that incorporate nouns. Knowledge about possible verb-based restrictions on noun incorporation may, however, provide important insights for theoretical approaches to noun incorporation, in particular regarding the question to what extent incorporation is a lexical or a syntactic process, and whether and how languages may vary in thisrespect. This paper therefore investigates to what extent languages restrict noun incorporation to particular verbs and what types of restrictions appear to be relevant cross-linguistically. The study consists of two parts: an explorative typological survey based on descriptive sources of 50 incorporating languages, and a more detailed investigation of incorporating verbs in corpus data from a sample of eight languages, guided by a questionnaire. The results demonstrate that noun incorporation is indeed restricted in terms of which verbs allow this construction within and across languages. The likelihood that a verb can incorporate is partly determined by its degree of morphosyntactic transitivity, but the attested variation across verbs and across languages shows that purely lexical restrictions play an important role as well.
Advances in Social Robotics: A Brief Review of Recent Contributions and Innovations

This paper presents a review in the field of social robotics over the past five years. With robots becoming increasingly integrated as task assistants, it is imperative to gain a thorough understanding of the existing research landscape before embarking on new developments. The study specifically focuses on two pivotal aspects that drive the progress of social robotics: research innovations and the acceptance of robots by humans. The review identifies and analyzes three primary categories derived from the research findings: device enhancements, human perception, and social impact. Notably, the investigation underscores the domain of assistive robotics, in healthcare applications, including promoting independence among the elderly and facilitating interventions for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the critical consideration of robot acceptance, as it is contingent upon factors such as functionality and appearance. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of these factors is crucial for effectively addressing the specific needs and requirements of the target audience. In summary, this review provides valuable insights into the recent contributions and innovations that have shaped the rapidly evolving landscape of social robotics.
Impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation on CO2 and Solar‐Induced Fluorescence Over the Indo‐Pacific Region

Over the tropical Indo‐Pacific, we explore the variations of Solar‐Induced Fluorescence (SIF), CO2, and precipitation during El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events verse other times. Based on various data sets, we analyze the time series of deseasonalized precipitation, vertical velocity, SIF, and CO2 across the Indo‐Pacific region. Our analysis reveals that there is less precipitation, more sinking air, lower SIF, and higher carbon dioxide over the Indo‐Pacific region during the El Niño events compared to other times. We also explore the spatial patterns of different variables to gain a deeper understanding of their relationships. The spatial analysis suggests that less precipitation resulting from predominant sinking air not only leads to lower SIF values by reducing photosynthetic activities but also triggers more biomass burning, which contribute to an increase in atmospheric CO2 levels across most areas of the Indo‐Pacific region. The comparative study between observational analyses and numerical simulation by the NOAA CarbonTracker model indicates that the model can simulate the increase of atmospheric column CO2 during the El Niño event, although there are some difficulties in capturing the correct spatial pattern. The results of this study can significantly enhance our understanding of the spatial‐temporal variabilities of atmospheric CO2 concentration and the observational characteristics can be used to enhance models. Furthermore, the complex interactions between ENSO and other variables revealed in this study improve our understanding of how ENSO influences the biosphere and carbon cycle.
Towards Comfortable and Socially Acceptable Navigation in Autonomous Motorized Wheelchairs

Autonomous Motorized Wheelchairs (AMWs) are an emerging technology that requires effective navigation strategies while respecting social rules, akin to autonomous cars and service robots. Just as service robots, AMWs need to navigate scenarios while considering social rules and acting in a manner that aligns with human behavior. This is further complicated by the fact that AMWs carry humans, necessitating a consideration of both passenger and pedestrian comfort. In this paper, we present a solution that integrates various social rules into a navigation scenario to enhance comfort for both passengers and pedestrians for indoor environments. The experiments incorporate comfort in the form of proxemics, corridor lane detection, and visibility estimation, enabling socially-aware navigation for AMWs. Experiments conducted in a simulated environment using ROS and Navigation Stack demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results highlight the impact of integrating these social rules on navigation behavior and comfort. This research contributes to the advancement of socially-aware navigation systems for AMWs, with potential applications in healthcare and assistive robotics.
THE URGENCE OF MONEY WAKF IN IMPROVING THE COMMUNITY'S ECONOMY

The aim of this research is to describe the role of cash waqf in improving the community's economy and the country's economic growth. The method used is by literature research with a content analysis approach. The research results show that the management/cash waqf management system found is still inadequate, thus hampering the realization of cash waqf by the community. However, if cash waqf is collected, it will become a new instrument for the government to boost the economy, especially in the post-pandemic period. The managerial implication is that there is a need to educate the public about the function of cash waqf and train nazir to be able to manage waqf using technology. The realization of appropriate waqf funds will ultimately increase the level of wakif trust in transparent and accountable waqf management.
Suspended sediment delivery from small catchments to the Bay of Biscay. What are the controlling factors?

The transport and yield of suspended sediment (SS) in catchments all over the world have long been topics of great interest. This paper addresses the scarcity of information on SS delivery and its environmental controls in small catchments, especially in the Atlantic region. Five steep catchments in Gipuzkoa (Basque Country) with areas between 56 and 796 km2 that drain into the Bay of Biscay were continuously monitored for precipitation, discharge and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in their outlets from 2006 to 2013. Environmental characteristics such as elevation, slope, land‐use, soil depth and erodibility of the lithology were also calculated. The analysis included consideration of uncertainties in the SSC calibration models in the final suspended sediment yield (SSY) estimations. The total delivery of sediments from the catchments into the Bay of Biscay and its standard deviation was 272 200 ± 38 107 t yr. −1, or 151 ± 21 t km−2 yr. −1, and the SSYs ranged from 46 ± 0.48 to 217 ± 106 t km−2 yr. −1. Hydroclimatic variables and catchment areas do not explain the spatial variability found in SSY, whereas land‐use (especially non‐native plantations) and management (human impacts) appear to be the main factors that control this variability. Obtaining long‐term measurements on sediment delivery would allow for the effects of environmental and human induced changes on SS fluxes to be better detected. However, the data provided in this paper offer valuable and quantitative information that will enable decision‐makers to make more informed decisions on land management while considering the effects of the delivery of SS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manuscript Title: TCGEx: A visual interface for multifaceted analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas gene expression data Authors:

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) initiative has been essential for revealing key mechanisms in human cancer leading to the development of novel therapeutics. TCGA data repository consists of genomic, transcriptomic, epigenetic data and clinical metadata from 11000+ patients across 33+ cancer types. Analysis of such large data sets require coding skills that are associated with a steep learning curve for most non-specialists. To enable a wider utilization of TCGA gene expression data, we introduce The Cancer Genome Explorer (TCGEx), a web-based visual data analysis interface that can perform a number of sophisticated analyses ranging from survival modeling and gene set enrichment analysis to unsupervised clustering and linear regression-based machine learning. TCGEx offers customizable options to tailor the analysis to different study contexts and helps generate publication-ready plots. Developed using R/Shiny framework, this opensource tool enables researchers with no programming expertise to analyze TCGA RNA and miRNA sequencing data from multiple angles. Pre-processed data in TCGEx contains cancer subtype information as well as previously reported intratumoral immune cell signatures making it possible to investigate the possible tumorimmune interactions. TCGEx, available at https://tcgex.iyte. edu.tr, provides an interactive solution to extract meaningful insights from TCGA data and guide scientific research.
Structure of Earth's Shallow Outer Core: No Evidence for Stratification

Recent studies of the shallow outer core region have predicted unusual features, such as sediment accumulation (Buffett et al., 2000), immiscible fluid layers (Helffrich and Kaneshima, 2004) or stagnant convection (Lister and Buffett, 1998; Lay et al, 2008). Secular cooling and compositional buoyancy drive vigorous convection that sustains the geodynamo, although critical details of light-element composition and thermal regime remain uncertain. Seismic velocity models can provide important constraints on the light element composition, however global reference models, such as Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM; Dziewonski and Anderson, 1981), IASP91 (Kennett and Engdahl, 1991) and AK135 (Kennett et al., 1995) vary significantly in the 200 km below the core-mantle boundary (Eaton and Kendall, 2006). Past studies of the outermost core velocity structure have been hampered by traveltime uncertainties due to lowermost mantle heterogeneities (Souriau and Poupinet, 1991). The Empirical Transfer Function method (ETF, Alexandrakis and Eaton, 2007) has been shown to reduce the traveltime uncertainty by stacking global observations of SmKS teleseismic waves, a whispering-gallery mode that propogates near the underside of the core-mantle boundary (Choy, 1977). Models that fit our data all have a top-of-core velocity of 8.05±0.03 km/s. In the outermost 200 km of the core, these models are also characterized by seismic velocities and depth gradients that correspond best with PREM. This similarity to PREM, which has a smooth velocity profile that satisfies the adiabatic Adams and Williamson equation, argues against the presence of an anomalous layer of light material or other structure near the top of the core.
Performance of growing lambs on rations containing Lathyrus grainsas protein source

The effect of feeding Lathyrus grain as substitute of GNC protein in the diet of lambs was studied for nutrient utilization, blood and rumen metabolites and growth performance. Jalauni lambs (n=18) weighing around 16.45±1.50 kg were randomly allocated into three dietary treatments in a completely randomized block design. In the control group (LG0), the animals were fed ad lib. green chaff of fodder Sorghum bicolor cv. M. P. Chari with concentrate mixture as per requirement whereas in the LG50 and LG100, the crude protein of groundnut cake was replaced @50% and 100% with Lathyrus grain (LG) protein in the concentrate mixture, respectively. Supplementation of LG did not influence the total DMI (g/day) in animals of different experimental groups. Digestibility(%) of DM, OM, and cell wall polysaccharides (NDF, ADF, cellulose) was also comparable amongst the different dietary groups, while CP digestibility was higher in LG50 group than LG0 or LG100 group. Digestible crude protein (DCP) content was higher in LG50 than LG0 or LG 100 whereas total digestible nutrients (TDN) contents were comparable amongst the treatment groups. Similarly, rumen metabolites and all the blood parameters were comparable among the groups and within the normal physiological range. The daily body weight gain was not affected with the experimental diets. It could be concluded that Lathyrus grain could be used as an alternative source of protein in the concentrate mixture without any adverse impacts on nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation, blood metabolites and growth performance of Jalauni lambs.
FPGA based technical solutions for high throughput data processing and encryption for 5G communication: A review

The Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices are ideal solutions for high-speed processing applications, given their flexibility, parallel processing capability, and power efficiency. In this review paper, at first, an overview of the key applications of FPGA-based platforms in 5G networks/systems is presented, exploiting the improved performances offered by such devices. FPGA-based implementations of Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) accelerators, Network Function Virtualization (NFV)-based network slicers, cognitive radio systems, and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) channel characterizers are the main considered applications that can benefit from the high processing rate, power efficiency and flexibility of FPGAs. Furthermore, the implementations of encryption/decryption algorithms by employing the Xilinx Zynq Ultrascale+ MPSoC ZCU102 FPGA platform are discussed, and then we introduce our high-speed and light weight implementation of th ewell-known AES-128 algorithm, developed on the same FPGA platform, and comparing it with similar solutions already published in the literature. The comparison results indicate that our AES-128 implementation enables efficient hardware usagefor a given data-rate (up to28.16 Gbit/s), resulting in higher efficiency (8.64 Mbps/Slice) than other considered solutions. Finally,the applicationsof the ZCU102 platform for high-speed processing are explored,such as image and signal processing, visual recognition, hardware resource management, etc.
Implementation Of The Multiscale ClimateChemistry Model (MCCM) For Central Mexico

A model capable of reproducing the pollution in Central Mexico is now being implemented. Among the advantages of this model is its capacity for high resolution (up to 250 m.) using two way or one way nesting. This fact allows for unprecedented detailed studies of the flow of pollution in the region. Principles of operation of MCCM, its capacity for automatically use satellite information to set up the boundary conditions and results form the detailed study of pollution in the region will be presented.