Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thread Scheduling in FreeBSD 5.2

A busy system makes thousands of scheduling decisions per second, so the speed with which scheduling decisions are made is critical to the performance of the system as a whole. This article - excerpted from the forthcoming book, “The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System“ - uses the example of the open source FreeBSD system to help us understand thread scheduling. The original FreeBSD scheduler was designed in the 1980s for large uniprocessor systems. Although it continues to work well in that environment today, the new ULE scheduler was designed specifically to optimize multiprocessor and multithread environments. This article first studies the original FreeBSD scheduler, then describes the new ULE scheduler. The article does not describe the realtime scheduler that is also available in FreeBSD.
Prostate cancer among different racial groups in the Western Cape: presenting features and management.

OBJECTIVES We aimed to compare the presenting features and management of prostate cancer among different racial groups. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied all patients diagnosed with prostate cancer at the Urological Oncology Clinic, Tygerberg Hospital, from January 1995 to December 2005. Most presented symptomatically as PSA screening is not readily available in the referral area of the hospital. Race was self-defined as white, coloured or black. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test or Fisher's exact test, where appropriate. A two-tailed p-value <0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS There were 901 patients: 291 (32.3%) white, 539 (59.8%) coloured and 71 (7.9%) black. Mean age at presentation was significantly higher in the white than the coloured and black groups (69.7, 67.9 and 68.9 years, respectively). Grade 1 adenocarcinoma was most common in the white (37%) and coloured groups (38%), and grade 2 was most common in the black group (39%). There was a significantly lower percentage of patients with T3-4 disease at diagnosis in the white group (47%) than the coloured (61%) and black (62%) groups. Mean serum PSA at diagnosis was significantly higher in the black than the coloured and white groups (766.1,673.3 and 196.1 ng/ml, respectively). Potentially curative therapy (radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy) was chosen by 31% of white, 23% of coloured and only 12% of black patients. The mean duration of follow-up was significantly shorter in the black than in the white or coloured groups (24.0, 31.5 and 35.0 months, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Black men presented with higher grade and stage disease and higher serum PSA, received potentially curative treatment less often, and had a shorter follow-up (probably owing to shorter survival) than the white and coloured groups. Greater prostate cancer awareness and education among patients and physicians and more widespread use of PSA screening of presymptomatic men at risk of prostate cancer is needed.
A New Vortex Method for Modelling Two-Dimensional, Unsteady, Incompressible, Viscous Flows. G.U. Aero Report 9245

This report presents details of a new mathematical model of viscous, incompressible, unsteady flow around multiple closed bodies. A system of vortex particles is employed in the model, on all solid boundaries and in the wake, to represent quantities of vorticity. The method is a Lagrangian technique and does not require the generation of a flow mesh. A review of recent advances in vortex modelling is provided in the Introduction. Many of these ideas are incorporated into the model or are planned for future inclusion. Section 2 is the main core of the report where the theoretical development of the model is presented. The extensive numerical details have been omitted and will be presented in a future report. Conclusions are made regarding the development of the model and the verification procedure required to validate the algorithm.
Salud Mental, Función Docente y Mentalización en la Educación Preescolar

This is a theoretical paper, its aim is to present a literature review on the importance of health promotion and prevention in mental health from the point of view of early interventions, which promote children socio emotional development in educational contexts. We stress that there is a vacuum in addressing teachers psychological aspects. First, we present the aims of educative pre-school programs and the place teachers emotional competence have in them. Subsequently, we introduce mentalization concept and its relation with socio emotional development and mental health. We also illustrate some programs which have been designed to promote mentalization in school as well as non-school contexts. Finally, we present some ideas about preschool teachers’ training programs and interventions that promote mentalization capacity. We demonstrate the relation between the promotion of socio-emotional development in the teachers and the positive incidence in mental health of the children with
Definition of New Pharmacophores for Nonpeptide Antagonists of Human Urotensin-II. Comparison with the 3D-structure of Human Urotensin-II and URP

Starting from nonpeptide agonists and antagonists of human urotensin-II (hU-II), several pharmacophores were designed and compared to the structure of hU-II. NMR and dynamic studies were realized on hU-II and urotensin-II-related peptide to check the conformation flexibilities of these peptides and the relationships between their potential 3D structures and the pharmacophores. In parallel, a virtual screening was carried out, leading to the discovery of six new derivatives with micromolar affinities. This last result shows the interest of these pharmacophores for the discovery of new ligands.
Hybrid method based on topography for robust detection of iris center and eye corners

A multistage procedure to detect eye features is presented. Multiresolution and topographic classification are used to detect the iris center. The eye corner is calculated combining valley detection and eyelid curve extraction. The algorithm is tested in the BioID database and in a proprietary database containing more than 1200 images. The results show that the suggested algorithm is robust and accurate. Regarding the iris center our method obtains the best average behavior for the BioID database compared to other available algorithms. Additional contributions are that our algorithm functions in real time and does not require complex post processing stages.
Feed Consumption During Lactation and Involution in Sprague-Dawley-Rolfsmeyer Rats.∗

Summary Daily feed consumption was determined in 34 lactating rats of the Sprague-Dawley-Rolfsmeyer strain. Feed consumption increased at a decreasing rate until it was 2.5 to 3 times normal at day 20 of lactation. Standard deviations, calculated separately for each day, increased as the means increased. Total feed consumption varied from 9.6 ± 3.7 g (Mean and S.D.) on day 1 to 38.7 ± 8.1 g on day 20 of lactation. Feed consumption per 100 g body weight was 3.5 ± 1.4 g, on day 1 and 14.1 ± 3.1 g on day 20, then returned to normal by 9 days after weaning the pups.
Differentiation of brewing yeast strains by pyrolysis mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Two rapid spectroscopic approaches for whole‐organism fingerprinting—pyrolysis mass spectrometry (PyMS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR)—were used to analyse 22 production brewery Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Multivariate discriminant analysis of the spectral data was then performed to observe relationships between the 22 isolates. Upon visual inspection of the cluster analyses, similar differentiation of the strains was observed for both approaches. Moreover, these phenetic classifications were found to be very similar to those previously obtained using genotypic studies of the same brewing yeasts. Both spectroscopic techniques are rapid (typically 2 min for PyMS and 10 s for FT‐IR) and were shown to be capable of the successful discrimination of both ale and lager yeasts. We believe that these whole‐organism fingerprinting methods could find application in brewery quality control laboratories. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extenuate DDoS attacks in Cloud

The leading of Computing Paradigm is Cloud. One Sword two edges. One side is growing in terms of technology and user can use any where any time, and the other edge is security probing to data loss, data theft, data hijacking and acting as someone else. The user or data should be given protection to enjoy the benefits of the cloud. There are various kinds of attacks taking place in Cloud which are undetected for years. One kind of attack is DDos and its variants are causing damage in cloud. In our paper we addressed DDoS attacks using Ensemble Cluster Plus technique which helps in identifying genuinely of the user.
Dynamic Clustering in Social Networks Using Louvain and Infomap Method

Finding communities or clusters in social networks is a famous topic in social network analysis. Most algorithms are limited to static snapshots so they cannot handle dynamics within the underlying graph. In this paper, we present a modification of the Lou-vain community detection method to handle changes in the graph without rerunning the full algorithm. Also, we adapted the Louvain greedy approach to optimize the Infomap measure. The main idea is, to recalculate only a small area around the changes. Depending on the graph size and the amount of changes, this yields a massive runtime decrease. As validation data, we provide a graph generator, which produces specific community structures, at given times and also intermediate steps to transform the graph from one to another specific graph. In experiments we could decrease the runtime up to 35 %, with similar cluster results. These values depend on the reprocessed area inside the graph.
Transfer of human systemic lupus erythematosus in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice

To study the role of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) in the pathogenesis of human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we transferred PBL from 5 SLE patients into 15 severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Such reconstituted mice showed long-term presence of auto-antibodies characteristic of the donor in their sera, as well as human immunoglobulin deposition, and in some cases mouse C3, in the renal glomeruli. SCID mice repopulated with PBLs from normal donors do not develop serologic abnormalities or immunodeposits. It is concluded that human SLE serology and some associated renal changes can be reproduced solely by PBL transferred from afflicted patients, and that SCID-human-SLE mice may serve as an in vivo laboratory model for the study of human SLE.
Functional Connectivity of the Precuneus in Female University Students with Long-Term Musical Training

Conceiving concrete mental imagery is critical for skillful musical expression and performance. The precuneus, a core component of the default mode network (DMN), is a hub of mental image processing that participates in functions such as episodic memory retrieval and imagining future events. The precuneus connects with many brain regions in the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital cortices. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of long-term musical training on the resting-state functional connectivity of the precuneus. Our hypothesis was that the functional connectivity of the precuneus is altered in musicians. We analyzed the functional connectivity of the precuneus using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data recorded in female university students majoring in music and nonmusic disciplines. The results show that the music students had higher functional connectivity of the precuneus with opercular/insular regions, which are associated with interoceptive and emotional processing; Heschl’s gyrus (HG) and the planum temporale (PT), which process complex tonal information; and the lateral occipital cortex (LOC), which processes visual information. Connectivity of the precuneus within the DMN did not differ between the two groups. Our finding suggests that functional connections between the precuneus and the regions outside of the DMN play an important role in musical performance. We propose that a neural network linking the precuneus with these regions contributes to translate mental imagery into information relevant to musical performance.
Echoing in Real-Life English Conversation

In a corpus-based analysis of spontaneous naturally-occurring conversation, the linguistic phenomenon of echoing is studied across genres and its frequency of occurrence noted. In the research undertaken, a seemingly redundant linguistic feature, which flouts Grice's Cooperative Principle, is argued to be a linguistic means for creating particular styles of verbal interaction. We argue that the occurrence of echoing and its frequency depend on two factors: the degree of formality in the conversation and the nature of the interpersonal relations between participants. We propose that echoing is a linguistic marker of social relations as well as an index of the levels of familiarity and intimacy between participants. The aim of this article is to make contribution to a better understanding of English conversational styles.
Co-national support, cultural therapy, and the adjustment of Asian students to an English-speaking university culture

This article discusses the adjustment of ten Asian-born university students to the academic culture of an English-speaking university in the United States. Findings from a case study reveal an instrumental role played by compatriot networks in the students’ adjustment process. Spindler’s cultural therapy model provides the lens for an anthropological understanding of the role of the co-national networks in the participants’ adjustment to the new school culture. Implications of this study are twofold: they indicate the need for universities to revise their orientation programs for international students, especially Asian students, whose home country school practices differ from the English-speaking school cultures. It is also suggested that cultural mediation upon arrival is a more viable alternative than institutional remediation of academic difficulties experienced by Asian students that come from cross-cultural maladjustment. Cultural adjustment, Asian students, co-national support, student orientation, international students, enduring self, situated self, endangered self
Intravenous dexamethasone versus ketamine gargle versus intravenous dexamethasone combined with ketamine gargle for evaluation of post-operative sore throat and hoarseness: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind clinical trial

Background: Sore throat and hoarseness are the most frequent subjective complaints after tracheal intubation for general anesthesia. We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous (IV) dexamethasone plus ketamine gargle for reducing the incidence and severity of post-operative sore throat (POST) and hoarseness. Materials and Methods : 140 patients (aged 16-65 year) scheduled for elective surgery were enrolled. Patients were randomly allocated into four groups of 35 subjects each: Group K, gargled 40 mg ketamine in 30 ml saline; Group D, were infused 0.2 mg/kg IV dexamethasone; Group KD, gargled 40 mg ketamine in 30 ml saline plus 0.2 mg/kg IV dexamethasone; Group P (placebo) that received saline (gargle and IV). POST was graded at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h after operation on a four-point scale (0-3). Results : The incidence and severity of POST were significantly lower in Group KD, compared with the other groups at all times after tracheal extubation for up to 24 h (P < 0.05). Also the incidence and severity of hoarseness were significantly lower in each Groups of KD and K and D compared with group placebo (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The prophylactic use of 0.2 mg/kg of IV dexamethasone plus ketamine gargle significantly reduced the incidence and severity of POST compared with using each of these drugs alone or using placebo.
Automatic generation of world in miniatures for realistic architectural immersive virtual environments

Orientation and wayfinding in architectural Immersive Virtual Environments (IVEs) are non-trivial, accompanying tasks which generally support the users' main task. World in Miniatures (WIMs) - essentially 3D maps containing a scene replica - are an established approach to gain survey knowledge about the virtual world, as well as information about the user's relation to it. However, for large-scale, information-rich scenes, scaling and occlusion issues result in diminishing returns. Since there typically is a lack of standardized information regarding scene decompositions, presenting the inside of self-contained scene extracts is challenging. Therefore, we present an automatic WIM generation workflow for arbitrary, realistic in- and outdoor IVEs in order to support users with meaningfully selected and scaled extracts of the IVE as well as corresponding context information. Additionally, a 3D user interface is provided to manually manipulate the represented extract.
Dynamically extensible objects in a class-based language

Object oriented programming techniques support the construction of reusable and extensible code. However, class-based languages have poor support for implementing type-orthogonal behavior and extending non-leaf classes, which results in implementations with poor performance or limited functionality. We present dynamic slots, a mechanism for extending objects at runtime. We show how this mechanism can be used to build efficient implementations of type-orthogonal abstractions. Dynamic slots are statically typed and have been integrated into the BETA programming language. Measurements of a persistent store show that they significantly improve performance.
Inactivation of Cell‐Associated and Dispersed Hepatitis A Virus in Water

The inactivation kinetics of cell-associated and dispersed hepatitis A virus (HAV) by free chlorine and monochloramine were compared. Cell-associated HAV was always inactivated more slowly than dispersed HAV. Values of C xTor other disinfection criteria for inactivation of HAV and other enteric viruses should be based on viruses associated with cells or other solids because they are better models for the likely state of viruses found in water.
Discovery of Western European R1b1a2 Y Chromosome Variants in 1000 Genomes Project Data: An Online Community Approach

The authors have used an online community approach, and tools that were readily available via the Internet, to discover genealogically and therefore phylogenetically relevant Y-chromosome polymorphisms within core haplogroup R1b1a2-L11/S127 (rs9786076). Presented here is the analysis of 135 unrelated L11 derived samples from the 1000 Genomes Project. We were able to discover new variants and build a much more complex phylogenetic relationship for L11 sub-clades. Many of the variants were further validated using PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. The identification of these new variants will help further the understanding of population history including patrilineal migrations in Western and Central Europe where R1b1a2 is the most frequent haplogroup. The fine-grained phylogenetic tree we present here will also help to refine historical genetic dating studies. Our findings demonstrate the power of citizen science for analysis of whole genome sequence data.
Relativistic models of magnetars: the twisted torus magnetic field configuration

We find general relativistic solutions of equilibrium magnetic field configurations in magnetars, extending previous results of Colaiuda et al. Our method is based on the solution of the relativistic Grad-Shafranov equation, to which Maxwell's equations can be reduced. We obtain equilibrium solutions with the toroidal magnetic field component confined into a finite region inside the star, and the poloidal component extending to the exterior. These so-called twisted torus configurations have been found to be the final outcome of dynamical simulations in the framework of Newtonian gravity, and appear to be more stable than other configurations. The solutions include higher-order multipoles, which are coupled to the dominant dipolar field. We use arguments of minimal energy to constrain the ratio of the toroidal to the poloidal field.
Recovery of deficient cholinergic calcium signaling by adenosine in cultured rat cortical astrocytes

The regulation of the cholinergic calcium signaling in astroglial cells is thought to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. We investigated the action of the cell modulator adenosine on acetylcholine (Ach)‐mediated intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) transients in cultured rat cortical astrocytes using the Ca2+ imaging technique. The stable adenosine analog 2‐chloroadenosine (2ClA) potentiated the [Ca2+]i rise induced by activation of muscarinic Ach receptors by shifting ∼30‐fold the half‐effective Ach concentration. This 2ClA effect was maintained upon removal of extracellular Ca2+, indicating that Ach‐induced [Ca2+]i elevation was due mainly to Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores. Pharmacological studies demonstrated that the 2ClA action was mediated by A1 receptors. Incubation with pertussis toxin abrogated the 2ClA effect but left unchanged the [Ca2+]i rise produced by Ach alone. The [Ca2+]i response elicited by Ach alone was abolished upon blockade of muscarinic receptor subtypes that stimulate phospholipase C, whereas the [Ca2+]i elevation generated by the combined action of subthreshold Ach and 2ClA was not affected. Collectively, these results suggest that the impaired cholinergic signaling, the cardinal symptom of Alzheimer's disease, can be reinforced at the second messenger level by an alternative intracellular Ca2+ mobilizing path, which can be brought into play by the concomitant activation of A1 purinoceptors and muscarinic receptors negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Una Propuesta Metodológica para Modelar Procesos de Negocio de Decisión basada en una Extensión a BPMN

Resumen. En este articulo se presenta un enfoque metodologico para modelar procesos de negocios de decision. La propuesta considera una extension de la Notacion para el Modelado de Procesos de Negocios (BPMN) mediante la incorporacion de nuevos constructos adecuados para expresar elementos de un proceso de decision. Ademas, se define una heuristica que permita guiar la construccion de un Diagrama de Proceso de Negocio de Decision. Para efectos de ilustracion de la propuesta, se desarrolla un caso de estudio que considera un proceso de decision de desarrollo de proyectos de software. La propuesta metodologica permite aliviar los problemas de expresividad de la notacion para modelar procesos de negocio de decision, incorporando constructos para clasificar y diferenciar elementos de decision y relacionandolos con elementos operacionales asociados a los procesos de decision. La heuristica propuesta permitio generar correctamente los diagramas de un proceso de negocio de decision en la Notacion para el Modelado de Procesos de Negocios extendida, quedando como trabajo futuro su adaptacion, validacion y aplicacion a la generacion de modelos de procesos de negocio de decision en otros lenguajes graficos de modelado.