Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Case Study of Ionic Components in the Size-resolved Ambient Particles Collected Near the Volcanic Crater of Sakurajima, Japan

In this study, the ionic composition of volcanogenically derived particles and their temporal and spatial distributions have been investigated to evaluate the impact of the volcanic eruption on the local ecosystem and residents. To this end, an intensive field study was conducted to measure the size-segregated particulate matters at the east part of Sakurajima in Japan. Fractionated sampling of particles into ＞PM₁? , PM 10-2.5 , and PM 2.5 was made by a multi nozzle cascade impactor (MCI). The concentration of various ions present in the size-resolved particles was determined by Ion chromatography. The time dependent 3-dimensional Volcanic Ash Forecast Transport And Dispersion (VAFTAD) model developed by the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) indicated that the sampling site of this work was affected by the volcanic aerosol particles plume. The temporal distributions of sulfate and PM 2.5 during the field campaign were significantly variable with important contributions to particle mass concentration. The chlorine loss, suspected to be caused by acidic components of volcanic gases, occurred predominantly in fine particles smaller than 10 μm.
Ambulatory Assessment in the Research on Aging: Contemporary and Future Applications

Older adults have surprisingly high levels of well-being, which has been referred to as a paradox in the past. Improved emotion regulation has been suggested to underlie these high levels of well-being. Later life is also a period with enhanced exposure to critical life events, and this comes with risks. During such times, and towards the end of life, emotional well-being may and eventually does decline. We suggest that ambulatory assessment (AA) is ideally suited for the investigation of the above phenomena and for intervention purposes. More precisely, AA can be used to thoroughly examine within-person processes of emotion regulation, including the multiple levels on which emotions occur (physiology, experience, behavior, context, and nonverbal expressions). It thereby provides a basis for understanding competent emotion regulation, the well-being paradox, and emotionally critical periods. Such insights can be utilized to detect person-specific critical periods and for designing immediate person-specific interventions. Although this is still a vision, the benefits of such an approach seem invaluable. The major part of this paper is organized around three general principles that we suggest to further tap the potential of AA in aging research, namely (1) identify within-subject processes and their relations to important life outcomes; (2) capitalize on the full scope of AA technology via multivariate assessments, and (3) combine real-time monitoring with real-time interventions.
Determination of trace elements in sediments

Neste trabalho foram determinados os teores dos seguintes metais tóxicos: cádmio, cromo, cobre, chumbo e zinco, bem como os principais pontos de entrada e variações sazonais nos níveis destes analitos no canal São Gonçalo, na região urbana de Pelotas/RS. As amostras de sedimentos foram coletadas em setembro de 2011 (inverno) e março de 2012 (verão), ao longo do percurso do canal estudado. As amostras de sedimento após coleta foram secas e peneiradas. A fração < 63μm sofreu digestão ácida, com o uso da mistura entre água régia e ácido perclórico. Os extratos obtidos foram analisados por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica por chama. Dentre os analitos, apenas o cádmio não foi detectado. Os metais cromo, cobre e zinco, com exceção do chumbo, apresentaram níveis de concentração abaixo dos índices do Guia de Qualidade dos Sedimentos Estuarinos do Canadá, indicando que a região analisada não se encontra impactada. Quanto aos níveis de chumbo, alguns pontos apresentaram valores acima do índice para TEL (thereshold effect level) indicando risco biológico ao ecossistema aquático.
Tectonic Evolution of the Dabie-Sulu UHP and HP Metamorphic Belts, East-Central China: Structural Record in UHP Rocks

The complex structural history of the Dabie-Sulu terrane is deduced from various scales of structural features studied in UHP metamorphic units combined with metamorphic and thermal data. Excluding pre-UHP events, the following sequence of distinct tectonometamorphic stages is suggested: (1) The first deformation, D1, produced weak foliation and lineation in massive eclogite in the P-T stability field of coesite/diamond under low differential stress. (2) The D2 event is mainly inferred from a dominant coesite eclogite-facies texture characterized by a stretching mineral lineation, mesoscale sheath-like folds, and a network of ductile shear zones. (3) D3 structures and fabrics developed shortly after the formation of granulite/amphibolite—facies symplectites. These structures are characterized by a regional, steeply dipping foliation and heterogeneous compositional layering, eclogite boudinages of various dimensions, intrafolial folds, and ductile shear zones forming an anastomosing pattern, leading to tectonic juxtaposition or nappe-like structures defining shear zone-bounded crustal slices. The D3 deformation event was associated with decompressional partial melting and intense retrogressive metamorphism. (4) Post-collisional ductile crustal thinning and extension affected the D3 foliation and compositional layering, producing a regional, gently dipping D4 main amphibolite-facies foliation and stretching lineation, dome- and arc-shaped structures, and low-angle and extensional detachments typified by different stretching directions. All of these structures formed prior to intrusion of Late Mesozoic plutons, faulting, basin development, and tectonic unroofing at shallow crustal levels (D5). The first two stages of ductile structures (D1 and D2) were related to subduction and collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons at UHP (>27 kbar) and HP metamorphic conditions at 230-250 Ma. In contrast, D3 and D4 stages of Late Triassic to Jurassic (~230-170 Ma) ductile deformation accompanied exhumation of UHP and HP metamorphic rocks to crustal levels, initially driven by compression and later by extension. D4 structures dominate the map pattern of most UHP and HP metamorphic rocks in the orogen. The final D5 deformation largely controls the present-day geomorphology of the Dabie-Sulu region. A modified tectonic evolution model for the UHP and HP metamorphic belts is proposed. It involves continental subduction and collision between the Yangtze and Sino-Korean cratons, and subsequent polyphase exhumation of the UHP and HP metamorphic rocks.
The metamorphic history of the Vredefort dome at approximately 2 Ga as revealed by coesite-stishovite-bearing pseudotachylites

The Vredefort dome (2.0 Ga) represents the central uplift of a very large impact structure. This uplift exposed a nearly complete cross-section through the continental crust in the region, which is 25–30 km thick. Two metamorphic events took place at about the same time as the impact. The first event, so-called static metamorphism, is pre-impact and produced lithologies varying from low-grade shale to high-grade hornfels. It resembles contact metamorphism by its lack of schistosity, but is more regional as it extends over a large area and is not associated with large intrusions. The second event, the post-shock metamorphism, is responsible for the recrystallization of the shock features. The investigation of this event has been focused on the degree of alteration of the coesite-stishovite-bearing pseudotachylite veins that formed during the transit of the shock wave. These high-pressure silica polymorphs are only present in the upper part of the stratigraphic sequence; downward they have been converted to fibrous quartz. At the highest grade, the fibrous quartz is in turn replaced by triple-junctioned mosaic quartz. The post-shock metamorphism was generated by the heat of the rock before shock, plus the heat released by the shock wave. The isograds, plotted on a map, can be translated into depth of burial and therefore provide valuable information regarding the geological setting immediately before impact. At the time of impact, the rocks were relatively cool and the static metamorphism had ceased with several tens of millions of years separating the two metamorphic events. The static metamorphism was probably caused by continental crustal extension in a stress-free environment and the lack of deformation is probably due to rapid uplift during the later stages of the impact event.
Effects of Climate Change on Energy Production and Use in the United States

This document, part of the Synthesis and Assessment Products described in the U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) Strategic Plan. Climate affects the design, construction, safety, operations, and maintenance of transportation infrastructure and systems. The prospect of a changing climate raises critical questions regarding how alterations in temperature, precipitation, storm events, and other aspects of the climate could affect the nation's roads, airports, rail, transit systems, pipelines, ports, and waterways. Phase I of this regional assessment of climate change and its potential impacts on transportation systems addresses these questions for the region of the U.S. central Gulf Coast between Galveston, Texas and Mobile, Alabama. This region contains multimodal transportation infrastructure that is critical to regional and national transportation services. Historical trends and future climate scenarios were used to establish a context for examining the potential effects of climate change on all major transportation modes within the region. Climate changes anticipated during the next 50 to 100 years for the central Gulf Coast include warming temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and increased storm intensity. The warming of the oceans and decline of polar ice sheets is expected to accelerate the rate of sea level rise globally. The effects of sea level rise in most central Gulf Coast counties will be exacerbated by the sinking of the land surface, which is accounted for in this assessment. The significance of these climate factors for transportation systems was assessed.
NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE On the Crucial Role of Basin Geometry in Double-Gyre Models of the Kuroshio Extension

The decadal chaotic relaxation oscillation obtained in a recent double-gyre model study of the Kuroshio Extension intrinsic low-frequency variability was found to compare surprisingly well with the real variability of the jet as revealed by altimeter data, despite the high degree of idealization of the model. In this note it is shown that elements of realism in the basin geometry, present in that study and absent in previous double-gyre models applied to the Kuroshio Extension, play a crucial role in shaping the low-frequency variability of the jet, and can explain the good performance of the model. A series of numerical experiments with different basin geometries of increasing degrees of simplicity are analyzed. If the schematic western boundary representing the coastline south of Japan is removed, the strong decadal variability completely disappears and only a very weak periodic oscillation about an elongated state of the jet is found. If the large zonal width of the basin (representing correctly the extension of the North Pacific Ocean) is reduced by a half, then the total meridional Sverdrup transport is reduced by the same factor, and so is the intensity of the Kuroshio and Oyashio western boundary currents: as a result, the modeled Kuroshio Extension is totally unrealistic in shape and is steady. If both simplifications are introduced the resulting jet is, again, totally unrealistic, yielding a weak periodic bimodal cycle. On the basis of these results, two main conclusions are drawn: (i) the introduction of appropriate geometrical elements of realism in double-gyre model studies of the Kuroshio Extension is essential, and (ii) the Kuroshio Extension intrinsic low-frequency variability would be dramatically different if the southwestern coastline of Japan were more meridionally oriented.
Stable Shallow Water Vortices over Localized Topography

Abstract It is shown that a sufficient condition for stability by P. Ripa, based on the monotonicity of the flow potential vorticity (PV), can be used to prove linear stability of isolated shallow water vortices over localized topographic features. Stable axisymmetric vortices over axisymmetric topography that satisfy Ripa’s condition are explicitly constructed by using a simple two-step, fully analytic approach. First, for a given velocity profile, the topography is found that yields a steady-state, constant-PV solution of the shallow water equations. Then, this topography is slightly modified to obtain new steady solutions, with monotonic PV, that satisfy Ripa’s stability criterion. Application of this procedure shows that modest depressions (elevations) can stabilize cyclones (anticyclones) with small Rossby and large Burger numbers and velocity profiles similar to those observed in mesoscale oceanic vortices. The stabilizing topographic features have radial sizes comparable with that of the vortex (ab.
A high-confidence Physcomitrium patens plasmodesmata proteome by iterative scoring and validation reveals diversification of cell wall proteins during evolution.

Plasmodesmata (PD) facilitate movement of molecules between plant cells. Regulation of this movement is still not understood. PD are hard to study, being deeply embedded within cell walls and incorporating several membrane types. Thus, structure and protein composition of PD remain enigmatic. Previous studies of PD protein composition identified protein lists with few validations, making functional conclusions difficult. We developed a PD scoring approach in iteration with large-scale systematic localization, defining a high-confidence PD proteome of Physcomitrium patens (HC300). HC300, together with bona fide PD proteins from literature, were placed in PDDB. About 65% of proteins in HC300 were not previously PD-localized. Callose-degrading glycolyl hydrolase 17 family (GHL17) is an abundant protein family with representatives across evolutionary scale. Among GHL17s, we exclusively found members of one phylogenetic clade with PD localization and orthologs occur only in species with developed PD. Phylogenetic comparison was expanded to xyloglucan endotransglucosylases/hydrolases and Exordium-like proteins, which also diversified into PD-localized and non-PD-localized members on distinct phylogenetic clades. Our high-confidence PD proteome HC300 provides insights into diversification of large protein families. Iterative and systematic large-scale localization across plant species strengthens the reliability of HC300 as basis for exploring structure, function and evolution of this important organelle.
Psychiatric Disorders of Youth in Detention

A comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among juvenile detainees is an important step toward meeting their needs. Although epidemiological data are key to understanding the psychiatric disorders of juvenile detainees, few empirical studies exist. This chapter lists studies published in the United States since 1990 that examined the diagnostic characteristics of incarcerated and detained juveniles. The Northwestern Juvenile Project was designed to overcome the methodological limitations in two ways. Four directions for future research are recommended: pathways to co-morbidity, studies of females in the juvenile justice system, longitudinal studies, and studies of vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in high-risk youth. Research findings indicate that a substantial number of youth in detention need mental health services. However, providing services within the juvenile justice system poses a number of challenges: screening for mental health needs, providing services, community linkages, and avoid retraumatizing youth.
Radiomagnetotelluric mapping of marlstone and limestone in the Silurian bedrock of Gotland

The Silurian of Gotland is composed of a series of stacked carbonate platforms. Airborne electromagnetic measurements show areas with high electrical resistivity, dominated by dense limestone, and areas with lower resistivity, dominated by marlstone. On Gotland, three main regional, up to 80 m thick, limestone-dominated bedrock packages overlie marlstone-dominated strata. The thickness of the limestone and the subsurface relationship between limestone and marlstone was investigated in the area of Ale–Ardre on central Gotland by use of the radiomagnetotelluric (RMT) method. A significant difference in resistivity between the limestone (1000–10 000 Ωm) and the marlstone ( < 100 Ωm) renders favorable RMT conditions. Four profiles, up to 4.3 km long, were measured across the upper part of the Klinteberg Formation and lower part of the Hemse Group (late Wenlock–early Ludlow). The results show a distinct change in resistivity at 50–80 m depth, correlating with the transition between biostromal–biohermal limestone and shelf marlstone–wackestone lithofacies, as observed in boreholes. The measurements were used to create resistivity models that make it possible to map the subsurface lateral relationship between limestone- and marlstone-dominated sequences. The results also provide important information on distribution and bedding, which give supporting information regarding the sequence stratigraphic model for the Klinteberg Fm–Hemse Group in the Ala–Ardre–Sigsarve area. The RMT method utilized in this study proved to be a very useful method for mapping subsurface bedrock in carbonate-dominated geological settings such as those on Gotland.
Cold water swimming as an add-on treatment for depression: a feasibility study

Abstract Purpose Cold water swimming (CWS) involves taking a regular dip in cold, natural waters throughout the winter. The evidence for the health benefits of CWS has been anecdotal, or from small-sample size studies. The available literature reports that CWS abolishes general tiredness, improves mood, boosts self-esteem and improves general well-being. However, research on the effects and safety of CWS as an add-on to the regular treatment of depression is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate whether it is possible and safe for patients with depression to participate in CWS. Material and methods The study was designed as an open-label feasibility study. All patients aged 20–69 years with a diagnosis of depression from an outpatient clinic were eligible for inclusion. The intervention consisted of twice-weekly, group-based CWS. Results Thirteen patients were initially recruited, and five patients participated on a regular basis. Although several patients had somatic comorbidities, all patients passed the somatic evaluation and were physically fit to participate in CWS. Patients who participated regularly in the CWS sessions had a well-being score of 39.2; at the end of the study, their score had increased to 54.0 and PSQI score at baseline was 10.4 (3.7); at the end of the study it was 8.0 ((3.7). Conclusion This study indicates that it is possible and safe for patients with depression to participate in regular, supervised CWS. Furthermore, regular participation in CWS may improve sleep and well-being.
Seismic anisotropy of the upper crust in southeastern Poland—effect of the compressional deformation at the EEC margin: Results of CELEBRATION 2000 seismic data inversion

Analysis of the data from CELEBRATION 2000 experiment in southeastern Poland revealed azimuthal variation of the Vp velocity, unlikely to be caused by crustal inhomogeneity. This is explained by upper crustal seismic anisotropy and was analysed by the anisotropic delay‐time inversion. The result, indicating 8–10% anisotropy, fits to the geology of the area, where tightly folded metapelitic rocks are abundant. The fast velocity axis direction of 115° (WNW‐ESE) coincides well with the azimuths of outcropping folds axes and other deformational structures. In order to assess the credibility of the result, synthetic tests have been performed. The traveltimes calculated for isotropic models were inverted, to check if an artificial anisotropy will be generated. The tests indicate that realistic isotropic velocity inhomogeneities can only account for a fraction of observed traveltime variations, and that the anisotropy cannot be an artifact resulting from the inhomogeneous crust.
Technical and logistical considerations of in situ split‐liver transplantation for two adults: Part I. Creation of left segment II, III, IV and right segment I, V‐VIII grafts

,a technique used by our donor recovery teams toprocureleftsegmentII,III,andIVandrightsegmentI and V through VIII grafts was described. In thisissue,wedetailatechniqueforthecreationofalargerleft segment I through IV graft and right segment Vthrough VIII graft. Each of the described techniqueshas been applied by our donor recovery teams atoutside facilities during routine donor procurementwithout specialized equipment and simultaneouswith additional organ (heart, kidney, pancreas) pro-curement.
ErbB Signalling is a Potential Therapeutic Target for Vascular Lesions with Fibrous Component

Background Sporadic venous malformation (VM) and angiomatosis of soft tissue (AST) are benign, congenital vascular anomalies affecting venous vasculature. Depending on the size and location of the lesion, symptoms vary from motility disturbances to pain and disfigurement. Due to high recurrence of the lesions more effective therapies are needed. Methods As targeting stromal cells has been an emerging concept in anti-angiogenic therapies, here, by using VM/AST patient samples, RNA-sequencing, cell culture techniques and a xenograft mouse model, we investigated the crosstalk of endothelial cells (EC) and fibroblasts and its effect on vascular lesion growth. Results We report, for the first time, expression and secretion of transforming growth factor A (TGFA) in ECs or intervascular stromal cells in AST and VM lesions. TGFA induced secretion of VEGF-A paracrinally, and regulated EC proliferation. Oncogenic PIK3CA variant in p.H1047R, a common somatic mutation found in these lesions, increased TGFA expression, enrichment of hallmark hypoxia, and in a mouse xenograft model, lesion size and vascularization. Treatment with afatinib, a pan-ErbB tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, decreased vascularization and lesion size in mouse xenograft model with ECs expressing oncogenic PIK3CA p.H1047R variant and fibroblasts. Conclusions Based on the data, we suggest that targeting of both intervascular stromal cells and ECs is a potential treatment strategy for vascular lesions having a fibrous component. Funding Academy of Finland, Ella and Georg Ehnrooth foundation, the ERC grants, Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation, and Department of Musculosceletal and Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Graphical abstract. Proposed model for the paracrine signaling of TGFA/VEGF-A in vascular lesion Schematic illustration showing the general structure of venous malformation or angiomatosis of soft tissue. Pathological vasculature in the lesion (dark blue) is surrounded by disorganized extracellular matrix (ECM) and intervascular stromal cells (SCs, orange). High magnification from the area close to vessel wall demonstrates the proposed model for crosstalk between endothelial cells (ECs) and SCs. A mutation in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) gene (1) or other processes promote ECs to express high level of transforming growth factor A (TGFA) (2). TGFA binds to epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) on the surface of adjacent SCs (3). Activated EGFR-downstream signaling (4) promotes elevated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A in SCs and increases the expression of TGFA (5). VEGF-A secreted from SCs (6) binds to VEGF-recetor-2 (VEGFR2) on surface of ECs (7) and together with TGFA activates angiogenic EC phenotype. TGFA secreted from the SCs (8), can further activate EGFR and its downstream signaling.