Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Renal Decapsulation in the Prevention of Post‐ischemic Oliguria

The delayed onset of anuria/oliguria in acute tubular necrosis has been theorized to represent a complicating compartment syndrome, i.e., parenchymal swelling within an unyielding capsule. To test this proposition, 12 monkeys had suprarenal aortic cross-clamping, followed by unilateral renal decapsulation to create an experimental as well as a control kidney unit in the same animal. Histologie examination uniformly confirmed tubular necrosis at death or sacrifice. Subsequent split renal function studies (creatinine, urea, and free water clearances) indicated significantly greater maintenance of renal function by the decapsulated kidney than by its paired control. Clinical evaluation in 21 hemorrhagic shock patients, with the capsule of one kidney stripped, revealed on follow-up that 15 developed a renal failure consistent with acute tubular necrosis. Although three patients with polyuric failure died before split studies could be run and two others have been too recent for computer analysis to have been completed, nine of the remaining ten had significantly greater renal plasma flows (194 versus 121 ml/min M2, p <.01) and ‘significantly greater urine flows (.99 versus .18 ml/min M2, p <.01) on the decapsulated side than on the control, as determined by differential renal scans. No significant difference in these same lateralized renal functions was noted in the tenth patient with renal failure and in the six survivors without renal failure. Renal decapsulation as prophylaxis reduced the anticipated incidence of oliguria/anuria from an expected 75% to 7% (p <.01) in these 21 shock patients. Such data suggest that delayed renal ischemia, possibly based on a compartment syndrome, may be the cause for a progression of acute tubular necrosis from polyuria to oliguria and then to anuria.
I-Umlaut in Old English: A Weak Trigger Effect

This study investigates i-umlaut which occurred in the period of pre Old English (OE) in two aspects: what motivates i-umlaut in OE and how the phenomenon can be analyzed within the framework of OT. Unlike root-controlled vowel harmony, i-umlaut in OE is triggered by the suffixal i or j in the unstressed syllable whereby a stressed root vowel becomes fronted or raised. In this study, it is proposed that i-umlaut in OE is driven by the weak trigger i or j to improve its poor perception: I-umlaut improves the poor perceptibility of the weak trigger by extending its feature-either [-back] or [-low]-onto the vowel in the stressed syllable. This study provides an OT-theoretic analysis utilizing the licensing account to vowel harmony proposed by Walker (2004, 2005). The licensing constraints, IDENT-IO(F) and the locally conjoined constraints are proposed and their interaction correctly captures the pattern of i-umlaut in OE. Also, it is shown that the licensing account proposed in this paper is superior to the previous analyses as well as the nonlicensing approaches in that it can provide a perceptual motivation couched in i-umlaut in OE.
Associations between Bone Mineral Characteristics and Serum Levels of Ghrelin and Peptide YY in Overweight Adolescent Boys

Background/Aims: The role of ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) in bone mineralization is not fully known. The aim of this study was to determine whether acylated and des-acyl ghrelin and PYY in addition to leptin are related to bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescent overweight boys (OWB) and normal-weight boys (NWB). Participants and Methods: Fifty- five OWB (BMI >85th percentile) and 154 NWB (BMI <85th percentile) aged 12-16 years participated in this study. Fasting serum acylated and des-acyl ghrelin, PYY, leptin, testosterone levels, total body (TB) and lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral content (BMC), and BMD were measured. TB BMC for height and TB and LS bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) were calculated. Results: No differences were seen in acylated and des-acyl ghrelin or PYY levels, while the leptin levels were significantly higher in the OWB compared to the NWB. In the OWB, TB BMAD was positively correlated with acylated ghrelin and leptin, and TB BMC for height was positively correlated with PYY. In the OWB, the variability of TB BMD was determined by TB fat-free mass and des-acyl ghrelin, whereas the variability of TB BMAD was determined by leptin. Conclusions: Des-acyl ghrelin and PYY are involved in the bone mineralization process in puberty, and the impact can vary between normal and overweight subjects.
Bacterial N-Succinyl-L-diaminopimelic Acid Desuccinylase

The enzyme N-succinyl-L-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase from Escherichia coli has been purified 7,100-fold to apparent homogeneity. The enzyme is part of the diaminopimelic acid-lysine pathway in bacteria and catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-succinyl-L-diaminopimelic acid to produce L-diaminopimelic acid and succinate. The enzyme exists as a mixture of dimeric and tetrameric species of identical subunits of molecular weight approximately 40,000. Activity was completely abolished following dialysis of the enzyme against metal chelators. Cobalt(I1) and zinc were effective in restoring the activity. The apparent affinities of the apoenzyme for cobalt and zinc were similar (Kd values near 1 p ~ ) and the cobalt enzyme was 2.2-fold more active than the zinc enzyme. The K,,, and turnover number for the hydrolysis of the natural substrate, Nsuccinyl-L-diaminopimelic acid, were 0.4 mM and 16,000 min”, respectively. The substrate specificity of the enzyme was defined by preparing a number of substrate analogues that systematically lack the various functional groups present in the molecule. These studies show that the enzyme is highly specific for the natural substrate. These properties of N-succinyl-Ldiaminopimelic acid desuccinylase and the fact that the enzyme is essential for bacterial growth make it an ideal target for the development of inhibitors with potential antibacterial activity.
Involvement of the receptor-associated prorenin system in the pathogenesis of human conjunctival lymphoma.

PURPOSE Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (EMZL) is the most common subtype of conjunctival lymphoma, though its molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis are largely unknown. We attempted to explore the association of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and (pro)renin receptor ([P]RR) in the pathogenesis of conjunctival lymphoma. METHODS Surgically removed conjunctiva EMZL samples were used for gene expression, and immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses of (P)RR and RAS components. Human B-lymphoblast IM-9 cells were treated with prorenin or angiotensin II (Ang II), and gene expression levels were analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). In addition, immunofluorescence analysis of EMZL samples was used to evaluate the in vivo expression of those components. RESULTS Gene expression and immunohistochemical analyses revealed the expression of RAS components, including (P)RR and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), in EMZL tissues. Double-labeling analyses demonstrated that (P)RR and AT1R were detected in cells positive for CD20, a marker for B-cells, where they colocalized with prorenin and angiotensinogen, respectively. Prorenin stimulation of human B-lymphoblast IM-9 cells increased mRNA expression levels of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), while angiotensin II treatment upregulated the expression levels of basigin (BSG), matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)2, 9, and 14, which were abolished by (P)RR and AT1R blockades, respectively. Immunofluorescence analyses of clinical samples showed colocalizations of (P)RR and AT1R with the products of these upregulated genes. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that activation of (P)RR and AT1R is associated with the pathogenesis of conjunctival EMZL by stimulating the production of FGF2 and MMPs.
The Impact of Feminist Pathways Research on Gender-Responsive Policy and Practice

Feminist pathways research has influenced theoretical development by challenging the gender neutrality of mainstream explanations for offending and victimization. This approach has also influenced data collection, analytic methods, and perhaps most importantly, gender-responsive policies and practices. This review examines the pathways to crime framework as a theoretically driven, empirically rigorous method for studying female offending and victimization, and for informing gender-responsive correctional programming and treatment. After outlining initial pathways contributions, we discuss feminist scholarship driven by the pathways framework and the impact of this research. We conclude with a summary of future directions for pathways-based analyses.
Low dose decitabine in very high risk relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia in children and young adults

Low‐dose decitabine has encouraging activity and tolerability in adults with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), but paediatric experience is lacking. We report our retrospective experience with decitabine in eight children and young adults (median age 4 years) with refractory/relapsed AML, who had failed multiple regimens or were not candidates for standard retrieval regimens due to prior toxicities. Three of eight patients (38%) had complete response (CR; 1 each of CR, CR with incomplete platelet recovery and CR with incomplete count recovery). Best responses were observed after a median of 2·5 cycles (range 1–4 cycles). Four patients received subsequent allogeneic stem cell transplant, and two remain in long‐term CR.
Gravitational collapse in an expanding universe: scaling relations for two-dimensional collapse revisited

We investigate non-linear scaling relations for two-dimensional (2D) gravitational collapse in an expanding background using a 2D TreePM code, and study the strongly non-linear regime (ξ ≤ 200) for power-law models. Evolution of these models is found to be scale invariant in all our simulations. We find that the stable clustering limit is not reached, but there is a model independent non-linear scaling relation in the asymptotic regime. This confirms results from an earlier study that only probed the mildly non-linear regime (ξ ≤ 40). The correlation function in the extremely non-linear regime is a less steep function of scale than reported in earlier studies. We show that this is due to coherent transverse motions in massive haloes. We also study density profiles, and find that the scatter in the inner and outer slopes is large and that there is no single universal profile that fits all cases. We find that the difference in typical density profiles for different models is smaller than expected from similarity solutions for halo profiles, and transverse motions induced by substructure are a likely reason for this difference being small.
Law Enforcement Officers’ Experiences of Exposure to Trauma

Violent, traumatic, and stressful work situations are common for law enforcement officers (LEOs). LEOs are susceptible to stressful situations that impact their emotions and have the ability to affect job performance. This phenomenological study focused on identification of how traumatic incidents affected 10 LEOs from 2 rural law enforcement agencies from a rural community in the southeastern United States. Participants were interviewed regarding the experience of how encountering or witnessing traumatic events impacted their emotions during and after the incident, coping mechanisms they implemented, views on seeking mental health treatment, and importance of peer support. Findings indicated that LEOs expressed significant emotional distress as a result of traumatic incidents, most specifically when responding to incidents involving children. Additionally, they compartmentalized feelings in order to remain professional and perform job.
Cross-Language Plagiarism Detection Methods

The present paper provides a summary on the existing approaches to plagiarism detection in multilingual context. Our aim is to organize the available data for the further research. Considering distant language pairs is of a particular interest for us. Cross-language plagiarism detection issue has acquired pronounced importance lately, since semantic contents of a document can be easily and discreetly plagiarized through the use of translation (human or machine-based). We attempt to show the development of detection approaches from the first experiments based on machine translation pre-processing to the up-to-date knowledge-based systems that proved to obtain reliable results on various corpora.
Optic Disc Damage Staging System

PurposeTo evaluate the optic disc damage staging system (ODDSS); a new clinical method of optic disc (OD) classification based on OD size, neural rim (NR) loss severity and localization. Accuracy, reproducibility, and reliability were studied. Agreement of ODDSS with the Heidelberg-Retina-Tomograph (HRT) results was evaluated. MethodsOne eye of 68 consecutive open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and 40 controls underwent standard automated perimetry (SAP), HRT-II, and OD examination using the ODDSS classification by 3 independent graders in this prospective cross-sectional study. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AROC) in discriminating between normal and POAG eyes were determined for ODDSS and HRT parameters. ODDSS intraobserver and interobserver agreement and agreement with HRT-Moorfield-Regression-Analysis (MRA) were assessed. ResultsODDSS sensitivity ranged from 72.0% to 89.7%; specificity ranged from 92.5% to 100%. Differences between AROCs for ODDSS (0.89 to 0.94) and for the best-performing HRT parameter (Vertical Cup/Disc Ratio 0.88) were not statistically significant. ODDSS interobserver agreement ranged from 0.33 to 0.78; intraobserver agreement ranged from 0.53 to 0.89. Agreement with HRT-MRA ranged from 0.50 to 0.87. ConclusionsODDSS is a new method for assessing, recording, and sharing information about the clinical OD appearance. Our preliminary results show that it provides good sensitivity and specificity in glaucoma detection. The interobserver and intraobserver agreement ranged from fair to good.
MyD88-Dependent Signaling for IL-15 Production Plays an Important Role in Maintenance of CD8αα TCRαβ and TCRγδ Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes1

Interaction between commensal bacteria and intestinal epithelial cells (i-ECs) via TLRs is important for intestinal homeostasis. In this study, we found that the numbers of CD8αα TCRαβ and TCRγδ intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (i-IELs) were significantly decreased in MyD88-deficient (−/−) mice. The expression of IL-15 by i-ECs was severely reduced in MyD88−/− mice. Introduction of IL-15 transgene into MyD88−/− mice (MyD88−/− IL-15 transgenic mice) partly restored the numbers of CD8αα TCRαβ and TCRγδ i-IELs. The i-IEL in irradiated wild-type (WT) mice transferred with MyD88−/− bone marrow (BM) cells had the same proportions of i-IEL as WT mice, whereas those in irradiated MyD88−/− mice transferred with WT BM cells showed significantly reduced proportions of CD8αα TCRαβ and TCRγδ i-IELs, as was similar to the proportions found in MyD88−/− mice. However, irradiated MyD88−/− IL-15 transgenic mice transferred with WT BM cells had increased numbers of CD8αα TCRαβ and TCRγδ subsets in the i-IEL. These results suggest that parenchymal cells such as i-ECs contribute to the maintenance of CD8αα TCRαβ and γδ i-IELs at least partly via MyD88-dependent IL-15 production.
Partial to complete abrogation of the subepithelial macrophage barrier against the gut microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's colitis

The integrity of the band of indigenous macrophages in the subepithelial layer of the lamina propria (SLP) is crucial in preventing the commensal gut microbiota from attacking the host. The breakdown of the SLP macrophage barrier results in microbiota inflow and improper immune responses; this might lead to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). During inflammation, the SLP macrophage barrier is reinforced by inflammation‐elicited macrophages (IEMs), which are derived from blood‐circulating monocytes. The aim was to explore the characteristics of the SLP macrophage band in a cohort of biopsies without inflammation, in patients with ulcerative colitis in remission (UCre), and in patients with right‐sided Crohn's colitis (RCC).
Concurrency Control and Consistency of Multiple Copies of Data in Distributed Ingres

This paper contains algorithms for ensuring the consistency of a distributed relational data base subject to multiple, concurrent updates. Also included are mechanisms to correctly update multiple copies of objects and to continue operation when less than all machines in the network are operational. Together with [4] and [12], this paper constitutes the significant portions of the design for a distributed data base version of INGRES.
A Novel Error Model of Optical Systems and an On-Orbit Calibration Method for Star Sensors

In order to improve the on-orbit measurement accuracy of star sensors, the effects of image-plane rotary error, image-plane tilt error and distortions of optical systems resulting from the on-orbit thermal environment were studied in this paper. Since these issues will affect the precision of star image point positions, in this paper, a novel measurement error model based on the traditional error model is explored. Due to the orthonormal characteristics of image-plane rotary-tilt errors and the strong nonlinearity among these error parameters, it is difficult to calibrate all the parameters simultaneously. To solve this difficulty, for the new error model, a modified two-step calibration method based on the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Least Square Methods (LSM) is presented. The former one is used to calibrate the main point drift, focal length error and distortions of optical systems while the latter estimates the image-plane rotary-tilt errors. With this calibration method, the precision of star image point position influenced by the above errors is greatly improved from 15.42% to 1.389%. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the presented measurement error model for star sensors has higher precision. Moreover, the proposed two-step method can effectively calibrate model error parameters, and the calibration precision of on-orbit star sensors is also improved obviously.
Who rules the airwaves?: Broadcasting in Africa

Journalists across the African continent very often work in trying circumstances, where obtaining information from governments and businesses is made difficult and sometimes dangerous. Despite the growth of non-government, even oppositional, newspapers and magazines in recent years, the electronic media—radio and television—remain controlled by governments or by individuals whose commercial interests intersect with those of the state. Who Rules the Airwaves? Broadcasting in Africa is concerned with the ownership and control of broadcast media in countries that have been or are undergoing political transition. For the authors in this edited volume, the transformation of broadcasting from state-owned into independent public service is central to the building of democratic culture and institutions. They assert that public service broadcasting is best able to ensure pluralism by informing the public "impartially" and autonomously on all matters that affect their participation in public life. Radio, as the most pervasive broadcast medium, receives most of the discussion in the book, though developments in television also are included. The first chapter of the volume identifies key broadcast themes and trends, sketching some of the political context in which broadcasters operate. The second chapter provides a brief overview of legal guarantees of freedom of expression as applied to media. The next nine chapters offer cases studies of broadcasting in Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and
Favorable Long-Term Outcome After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation in Nonbifurcation Lesions That Involve Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery: A Multicenter Registry

Background— The presence of a lumen narrowing at the ostium and the body of an unprotected left main coronary artery but does not require bifurcation treatment is a class I indication of surgical revascularization. Methods and Results— A total of 147 consecutive patients who had a stenosis in the ostium and/or the midshaft of an unprotected left main coronary artery (treatment of the bifurcation not required) and were electively treated with percutaneous coronary intervention and sirolimus-eluting stents (n=107) or paclitaxel-eluting stents (n=40) in 5 centres were included in this registry. In 72 patients (almost 50%), intravascular ultrasound guidance was performed. Procedural success was achieved in 99% of the patients; in 1 patient with stenosis in the left main coronary artery ostium, a >30% residual stenosis persisted at the end of the procedure, and the patient was referred for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. During hospitalization, no patients experienced a Q-wave myocardial infarction or died. One patient died 19 days after the procedure because of pulmonary infection. At long-term clinical follow-up (886±308 days), 5 patients had died; 7 patients had target vessel revascularization (5 repeat percutaneous coronary interventions and 2 coronary artery bypass graft surgeries), and of these only 1 patient had a target lesion revascularization. Angiographic follow-up was performed in 106 patients (72%) with a late loss of −0.01 mm. Restenosis in the left main trunk occurred only in 1 patient (0.9%). Conclusions— Percutaneous coronary intervention with sirolimus-eluting stents or paclitaxel-eluting stents implantation in nonbifurcation left main coronary artery lesions appears safe with a long-term major adverse clinical event rate of 7.4% and a restenosis rate of 0.9%.
Physicochemical and Biological Characterization of Fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus Purified by Dye Affinity Chromatography

A comparative study concerning the physicochemical, monomeric composition and biological characters among different fucoidan fractions is presented. Common purification techniques for fucoidan usually involve many steps. During these steps, the important structural features might be affected and consequently alter its biological activities. Three purified fractions were derived from Fucus vesiculosus water extract which, afterwards, were purified by a recently-developed dye affinity chromatography protocol. This protocol is based on dye-sulfated polysaccharide interactions. The first two fractions were obtained from crude precipitated fucoidan at different pH values of the adsorption phase: pH 1 and 6. This procedure resulted in fucoidan_1 and 6 fractions. The other, third, fraction: fucoidan_M, however, was obtained from a buffered crude extract at pH 1, eliminating the ethanol precipitation step. All of the three fractions were then further evaluated. Results revealed that fucoidan_M showed the highest sulfur content (S%), 12.11%, with the lowest average molecular weight, 48 kDa. Fucose, galactose, and uronic acid/glucose dimers were detected in all fractions, although, xylose was only detected in fucoidan_1 and 6. In a concentration of 10 µg·mL−1, Fucoidan_6 showed the highest heparin-like anticoagulant activity and could prolong the APTT and TT significantly to 66.03 ± 2.93 and 75.36 ± 1.37 s, respectively. In addition, fucoidan_M demonstrated the highest potency against HSV-1 with an IC50 of 2.41 µg·mL−1. The technique proved to be a candidate for fucoidan purifaction from its crude extract removing the precipitation step from common purification protocols and produced different fucoidan qualities resulted from the different incubation conditions with the immobilized thiazine toluidine blue O dye.