Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Osteotomy Position and Tibial Plateau Rotation on the Tensile Force Required for Failure of the Canine Quadriceps Mechanism.

OBJECTIVE To measure the tensile force required for failure of the quadriceps mechanism with different tibial tuberosity widths and different degrees of rotation of the tibial plateau after radial osteotomy of the proximal tibia. STUDY DESIGN Ex vivo study, randomized unblocked design ANIMALS Thirty-five hind limbs from 18 adult Greyhound cadavers. METHODS Part 1 (15 limbs)--The center of rotation of the proximal tibial radial osteotomy was advanced craniodistally, progressively reducing absolute tibial tuberosity width (ATTW) for 5 different widths. Part 2 (21 limbs)-Tibial plateau rotation was performed at a set ATTW. Rotation was varied as a function of tibial tuberosity position with rotation proximal, level with, or distal to the tuberosity. All 35 limbs were tested with force applied via the quadriceps mechanism until construct failure occurred. RESULTS All but 2 limbs failed by fracture of the tibial tuberosity. The tensile force required for failure of the quadriceps mechanism increased linearly with increasing ATTW. Significantly less force (P = .016) was required for failure of the quadriceps mechanism when the rotation of the tibial plateau was distal to the level of the patella tendon (mean 1,877 N) compared to when it was above the level of the patella tendon (mean 2,533 N). Rotation of the tibial plateau distal to the level of the patella tendon insertion point resulted in fracture at the base of the tibial tuberosity, level with the tibial plateau buttress. CONCLUSION The overwhelming mode of failure of the quadriceps mechanism was by tibial tuberosity fracture, thus this was the weakest part of the construct. Reducing the tibial tuberosity width and rotation of the tibial plateau segment below the patella tendon insertion decreased the force required for tibial tuberosity fracture. These results support the idea of a safe point with the tibial plateau segment providing buttress to the tibial tuberosity.
Comparison of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of tilia (Tilia argentea Desf ex DC), sage (Salvia triloba l.), and black tea (Camellia sinensis) extracts.

The antioxidant activity of the water extract of Tilia argentea Desf ex DC was determined by the thiocyanate method. The antioxidant activity of the water extract increased with the increasing amount of lyophilized extract (50-400 microg) added into the linoleic acid emulsion. Statistically significant effect was determined in 100 microg and higher amounts. Antioxidant activities of water extracts of tilia (Tilia argentea Desf ex DC), sage (Salvia triloba L.), and two Turkish black teas commercially called Rize tea and young shoot tea (Camellia sinensis) were compared. For comparison studies, 100 microg portions of extracts were added into test samples. All samples were able to show statistically significant antioxidant effect. Both of the tea extracts showed highest antioxidant activities, nevertheless, differences between tilia and sage and tilia and tea were not statistically significant (for both cases p > 0.05). Like antioxidant activity, the reducing power of water extract of Tilia argentea Desf ex DC was also concentration dependent. Even in the presence of 50 microg of extract, the reducing power was significantly higher than that of the control (p < 0.05) in which there was no extract. Unlike antioxidant activity, the highest reducing power activity was shown by sage extract. Among the tea extracts, young shoot extract was the most effective one, however, it had significantly lower activity than sage (p < 0.05). Although tea flower had the lowest reducing power activity, it was higher than that of tilia. But this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). From these results, we could suggest that although the reducing power of a substance may be an indicator of its potential antioxidant activity, there may not always be a linear correlation between these two activities. In addition, antimicrobial activities of each of the above extracts were studied by disk diffusion methods on different test microorganisms. None of the extracts showed antibacterial activity on the studied microorganisms.
Yoga for anxiety: a systematic review of the research evidence

Between March and June 2004, a systematic review was carried out of the research evidence on the effectiveness of yoga for the treatment of anxiety and anxiety disorders. Eight studies were reviewed. They reported positive results, although there were many methodological inadequacies. Owing to the diversity of conditions treated and poor quality of most of the studies, it is not possible to say that yoga is effective in treating anxiety or anxiety disorders in general. However, there are encouraging results, particularly with obsessive compulsive disorder. Further well conducted research is necessary which may be most productive if focused on specific anxiety disorders.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis: update for the pediatrician

Purpose of review Langerhans cell histiocytosis is the commonest of the histiocytic disorders. Owing to the relative rarity of the condition, it remains a disease in which the diagnosis is often delayed or missed and in which many questions remain unanswered, ranging from etiology and pathogenesis to therapy. The management is often frustrating for care-givers and parents/patients. The purpose of the review is therefore to raise awareness of the disease and to highlight the clinical findings that should make the pediatrician or primary care-giver suspect the diagnosis, as well as current thinking regarding management of the various and diverse manifestations of this disease. Recent findings We discuss new and interesting insights into the biology of Langerhans cell histiocytosis that raise the possibility of future targeted therapy. Important points in the diagnosis, investigation and management of the various forms of the disease are also discussed. Summary We present a review of childhood Langerhans cell histiocytosis, highlighting new insights into pathogenesis and management of the various forms of this complex disease.
What's in a name? Comparative therapy for word-finding difficulties using semantic and phonological approaches

The effect of two therapy methods in the treatment of word-finding problems during a confrontational picture-naming situation are com pared in two groups of severely language-impaired children. A treat ment technique that promotes the strengthening of the children's seman tic networking and encourages the use of self-cuing (semantic treatment) is contrasted with an approach that fosters the child's phonological awareness and supports the use of phonological self-cuing (phonologic al treatment). A course of 15 sessions of treatment over five weeks is undertaken by each subject. The results are measured one week after the end of treatment. Those subjects receiving the semantic treatment indicate a highly significant improvement in naming untrained pictures, but the phonological treatment group makes no significant improve ment. Reasons for this and the efficacy of the two methods is examined, and possible clinical implications are discussed.
Timing analysis for wide IO memory interface applications with silicon interposer

Memory bandwidth requirements for future high-end applications such as graphics, 200G/400G networking and high performance computing is driving the need for more “on-chip memory”. Silicon Interposer based 2.5D integration provides an intermediate path to achieving high memory bandwidth by integrating memory in package. This paper discusses timing budget analysis for realizing wide IO memory interfaces in silicon interposer technology. Traditional signal and power integrity (SI/PI) analysis for closing system timing in DDR interfaces cannot be applied directly to “chip-to-chip scenarios” as it tends to be time consuming because of need for extensive electromagnetic (EM) simulations. In addition, the assumptions on bus activity and IO bandwidth/density/speed are unique to 2.5D memory customer applications. Applying traditional assumptions from off-chip double data rate (DDR) memory interfaces to “in-package” memory interfaces can lead to additional cost overhead at chip/package and board level. The key contributions of this paper are in providing an accurate time efficient SPICE based modeling methodology to design and optimize 2.5D memory applications cost effectively to meet desired timing specifications. This paper notes simultaneous switching noise (SSN) to be a major impairment leading to eye closure in wide memory interfaces with worst case timing jitter numbers of the order of 130ps in FPGA applications. Achieving 500MHz to 1GHz DDR operating speeds primarily require a more rigorous application - based tuning of on-die decoupling capacitance, PDN inductive parasitics, interconnect length and IO drive strength. But the power, bandwidth and latency benefits of wide IO system-in-package (SIP) memory make the additional development effort worthwhile.
Characterization of biochemical and clinical correlates of hypocholesterolemia after hepatectomy.

Although hypocholesterolemia in posttraumatic states is considered a generic expression of acute-phase response, a relationship between severity of hypocholesterolemia and bad prognosis has also been found (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). The issue is still poorly understood and is complicated by the circumstance that plasma cholesterol is affected simultaneously by multiple factors whose impacts have never been distinctly characterized. The postoperative state after hepatectomy is an interesting condition in which most of these factors may be simultaneously present. We have assessed in detail the main biochemical and clinical correlates of hypocholesterolemia in a large group of patients undergoing hepatectomy. Hepatectomies were performed in 92 patients (47 women, 45 men). The mean (± SD) age was 57 ± 12 years, body weight was 70 ± 11 kg, the ratio of actual to ideal body weight was 1.13 ± 0.16 (1983 Metropolitan Tables), body surface area was 1.78 ± 0.15 m2, and body mass index (weight/height2) was 25.0 ± 4.0 kg/m2. Thirty-six patients had primary liver malignancy (23 with hepatocarcinoma, 10 with cholangiocarcinoma, 3 with other neoplasms), 35 had secondary hepatic malignancies (23 from colorectal cancer, 12 from other sources), and 21 had benign lesions. Eighteen patients had liver cirrhosis. Fifty-four patients were in ASA class I (7), 7 in class II, 30 in class III, and 1 in class IV. No patient was on cholesterol-lowering medication. Hepatectomies consisted of 43 minor (<3 liver segments) and 49 major resections (3–6 segments). The mean number of resected segments was 3 ± 1. There were 17 associated bowel operations (resections for primary malignancy or Roux-en-Y biliary reconstructions). The duration of the operations was 390 ± 149 min, and the duration of normothermic liver ischemia (used in 61 patients) was 49 ± 28 min. …
Epilepsy is both a symptom and a disease: A proposal for a two‐tiered classification system

syndrome. In fact, in basic science studies, the use of proconvulsants to provoke seizures is considered to represent a model of seizures and not a model of epilepsy (see Pitkanen et al., 2006). The latter should depict the chronic, enduring changes that characterize epilepsy. Before the publication of its report in 2010, the Commission’s proposal was circulated to all ILAE Chapters and placed on the Web for commentaries. In the published report (Berg et al., 2010), the authors took into account the suggestions received from many of our colleagues. Additional discussions along with further advances in biogenetics and imaging will help us to clarify the remaining issues and further evolve the Classification system. The 2005– 2009 Commission on Classification and Terminology deserves a great deal of thanks from the international epilepsy community for tackling a topic in which we all have a stake and for which we all want a voice. The current Commission on Classification (2009–2013) is preparing a final draft, to be submitted for approval by the ILAE General Assembly at the 2013 International Epilepsy Congress as the official ILAE position on classification. Each proposed change to the Classification system involves consensus and compromise. As President of the ILAE, I sincerely hope that we will continue to maintain an open dialogue and to work together to reach a consensus for the most appropriate terminology.
A Diagnostic Model Incorporating P50 Sensory Gating and Neuropsychological Tests for Schizophrenia

Objectives Endophenotypes in schizophrenia research is a contemporary approach to studying this heterogeneous mental illness, and several candidate neurophysiological markers (e.g. P50 sensory gating) and neuropsychological tests (e.g. Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)) have been proposed. However, the clinical utility of a single marker appears to be limited. In the present study, we aimed to construct a diagnostic model incorporating P50 sensory gating with other neuropsychological tests in order to improve the clinical utility. Methods We recruited clinically stable outpatients meeting DSM-IV criteria of schizophrenia and age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Participants underwent P50 sensory gating experimental sessions and batteries of neuropsychological tests, including CPT, WCST and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Third Edition (WAIS-III). Results A total of 106 schizophrenia patients and 74 healthy controls were enrolled. Compared with healthy controls, the patient group had significantly a larger S2 amplitude, and thus poorer P50 gating ratio (gating ratio = S2/S1). In addition, schizophrenia patients had a poorer performance on neuropsychological tests. We then developed a diagnostic model by using multivariable logistic regression analysis to differentiate patients from healthy controls. The final model included the following covariates: abnormal P50 gating (defined as P50 gating ratio >0.4), three subscales derived from the WAIS-III (Arithmetic, Block Design, and Performance IQ), sensitivity index from CPT and smoking status. This model had an adequate accuracy (concordant percentage = 90.4%; c-statistic = 0.904; Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit Test, p = 0.64>0.05). Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest study to date using P50 sensory gating in subjects of Chinese ethnicity and the first to use P50 sensory gating along with other neuropsychological tests to develop a diagnostic model for schizophrenia. Further research to validate the predictive accuracy of this model by applying it on other samples is warranted.
Preserving topology and elasticity for embedded deformable models

In this paper we introduce a new approach for the embedding of linear elastic deformable models. Our technique results in significant improvements in the efficient physically based simulation of highly detailed objects. First, our embedding takes into account topological details, that is, disconnected parts that fall into the same coarse element are simulated independently. Second, we account for the varying material properties by computing stiffness and interpolation functions for coarse elements which accurately approximate the behaviour of the embedded material. Finally, we also take into account empty space in the coarse embeddings, which provides a better simulation of the boundary. The result is a straightforward approach to simulating complex deformable models with the ease and speed associated with a coarse regular embedding, and with a quality of detail that would only be possible at much finer resolution.
BRAIN IMAGING: Functional neuroanatomy of smooth pursuit and predictive saccades

Acknowledgements: Supported by the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression, the Medical Research Council, Canada and the Scottish Rite Schizophrenia Research Program. We thank Eyal Reingold, Ph.D. and David Stampe, Ph.D., for adapting the Eyelink System for our use; the staff of the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre for technical assistance; and Daniel Guitton, Ph.D. and Tomas Paus, M.D., Ph.D. for valuable comments on the manuscript.
Titanium-bone-anchored penile epithesis: Preoperative planning and immediate postoperative results

Abstract The principle of osseointegration is accepted and used in reconstructive surgery. This study presents the first series of five patients where titanium implants have been implanted into the pubic bones of female-to-male (FTM) transsexual patients, in order to attach a “bone-anchored” penile epithesis. Following patient selection based on patients’ wishes, pubic bones of 10 FTM transsexuals were analysed by CT-scan and a virtual planning was made. A surgical plan was also developed. To date, five FTM transsexuals have undergone the two-stage surgery. During stage-1, two titanium implants (“fixtures”) are implanted onto the pubic bone. Four weeks postop, a new CT scan is performed to analyze osseointegration and the final implant position. During stage-2, the soft tissue of the pubic area is reduced; abutments are inserted and passed through the skin. A few weeks after stage 2 surgery, a penile epithesis is connected to the skin-penetrating titanium implants. Two out of 10 patients who received preoperative CT scan presented with smaller pubic bones, not able to accommodate the fixtures as chosen originally. Preoperative virtual planning is crucial for the selection of the appropriate implants size. The stage-1 and stage-2 surgery occurred uneventfully in all five patients. One patient presented with a wound infection 1 week after stage-2 surgery. Postoperative CT scan demonstrates implant osseointegration in all cases. This experimental clinical study demonstrates that titanium osseointegration is feasible onto the pubic bone. This new approach for penile reconstruction constitutes another alternative for both transsexual patients and cases following genital development disorders, post-trauma and surgery.
Sustaining Skills in Headship

Educational leadership has been seen by many as one of the most important factors in school improvement and effectiveness and is about providing a culture within which teaching and learning will prosper. The training of leaders has therefore become of paramount importance. There is a wealth of training in the UK for teachers in leadership roles, and particularly for those aspiring to become headteachers, and those newly appointed. This article is derived, however, from research indicating the needs of headteachers who have been in post for some years and are looking for ways to continue with their own professional development. There is a real danger that these experienced headteachers will become disenchanted, and their performance will decline during their middle years of headship, and that coaching, focus groups and a rich selection of professional development opportunities could make the difference.
Experimental observations of fracture dissolution: The role of Peclet number on evolving aperture variability

Dissolution of the surfaces of rock fractures can cause significant alteration of the fracture void space (aperture) and fracture permeability (k). Both surface reaction rates and transport of reactants within the fracture can limit local dissolution. We investigated the role of Peclet number (Pe), a measure of the relative importance of advective and diffusive transport of reactants, on fracture dissolution in two identical transparent analog fractures with different initial values of Pe (Peo). High‐resolution light‐transmission techniques provided direct measurements of the evolving aperture field during each experiment. For Peo = 54 distinct dissolution channels formed, while for Peo = 216 we measured minimal channeling and a reduction in short wavelength aperture variability. The nature of the dissolution patterns strongly influenced the relative increase in k. A 110% increase in the mean aperture due to dissolution resulted in estimated permeability increases of 440% and 640% for the Peo = 54 and Peo = 216 experiments, respectively.
Conserved IL-2Rγc Signaling Mediates Lymphopoiesis in Zebrafish

The IL-2 receptor γ common (IL-2Rγc) chain is the shared subunit of the receptors for the IL-2 family of cytokines, which mediate signaling through JAK3 and various downstream pathways to regulate lymphopoiesis. Inactivating mutations in human IL-2Rγc result in SCID, a primary immunodeficiency characterized by greatly reduced numbers of lymphocytes. This study used bioinformatics, expression analysis, gene ablation, and specific pharmacologic inhibitors to investigate the function of two putative zebrafish IL-2Rγc paralogs, il-2rγc. a and il-2rγc. b, and downstream signaling components during early lymphopoiesis. Expression of il-2rγc. a commenced at 16 h post fertilization (hpf) and rose steadily from 4–6 d postfertilization (dpf) in the developing thymus, with il-2rγc. a expression also confirmed in adult T and B lymphocytes. Transcripts of il-2rγc. b were first observed from 8 hpf, but waned from 16 hpf before reaching maximal expression at 6 dpf, but this was not evident in the thymus. Knockdown of il-2rγc. a, but not il-2rγc. b, substantially reduced embryonic lymphopoiesis without affecting other aspects of hematopoiesis. Specific targeting of zebrafish Jak3 exerted a similar effect on lymphopoiesis, whereas ablation of zebrafish Stat5.1 and pharmacologic inhibition of PI3K and MEK also produced significant but smaller effects. Ablation of il-2rγc. a was further demonstrated to lead to an absence of mature T cells, but not B cells in juvenile fish. These results indicate that conserved IL-2Rγc signaling via JAK3 plays a key role during early zebrafish lymphopoiesis, which can be potentially targeted to generate a zebrafish model of human SCID.
Adaptive and Incremental Processing for Distance Join Queries

A spatial distance join is a relatively new type of operation introduced for spatial and multimedia database applications. Additional requirements for ranking and stopping cardinality are often combined with the spatial distance join in online query processing or Internet search environments. These requirements pose new challenges as well as opportunities for more efficient processing of spatial distance join queries. In this paper, we first present an efficient k-distance join algorithm that uses spatial indexes such as R-trees. Bidirectional node expansion and plane-sweeping techniques are used for fast pruning of distant pairs, and the plane-sweeping is further optimized by novel strategies for selecting a sweeping axis and direction. Furthermore, we propose adaptive multistage algorithms for k-distance join and incremental distance join operations. Our performance study shows that the proposed adaptive multistage algorithms outperform previous work by up to an order of magnitude for both k-distance, join and incremental distance join queries, under various operational conditions.
A BIOMECHANICAL STUDY ON IMPROVEMENT IN THE OVERARM THROWING TECHNIQUE OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

The purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement in technique of the overarm throwing due to a training with the standard motion model in elementary school children. Thirty-two children from the sixth grade were participated in three sessions: the pre- and post-training videotaping and throwing technique training sessions. Their throwing motions were videotaped with two high-speed cameras and analysed three-dimensionally. Through the training with the use of the standard motion model as a reference, the throwing distance and release parameters significantly improved. The throwing motion changed to be similar to the standard motion model after the training. The results indicated that the use of the standard motion model was useful for the improvement in the throwing techniques and throwing distance of less experienced children.