Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Basis for DNA Recognition by the Basic Region Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein α*

CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) are basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors that regulate cell differentiation, growth, survival, and inflammation. To understand the molecular basis of DNA recognition by the C/EBP family we determined the x-ray structure of a C/EBPα bZIP polypeptide bound to its cognate DNA site (A−5T−4T−3G−2C−1G1C2A3A4T5) and characterized several basic region mutants. Binding specificity is provided by interactions of basic region residues Arg289, Asn292, Ala295, Val296, Ser299, and Arg300 with DNA bases. A striking feature of the C/EBPα protein-DNA interface that distinguishes it from known bZIP-DNA complexes is the central role of Arg289, which is hydrogen-bonded to base A3, phosphate, Asn292 (invariant in bZIPs), and Asn293. The conformation of Arg289 is also restricted by Tyr285. In accordance with the structural model, mutation of Arg289 or a pair of its interacting partners (Tyr285 and Asn293) abolished C/EBPα binding activity. Val296 (Ala in most other bZIPs) contributes to C/EBPα specificity by discriminating against purines at position −3 and imposing steric restraints on the invariant Arg300. Mutating Val296 to Ala strongly enhanced C/EBPα binding to cAMP response element (CRE) sites while retaining affinity for C/EBP sites. Thus, Arg289 is essential for formation of the complementary protein-DNA interface, whereas Val296 functions primarily to restrict interactions with related sequences such as CRE sites rather than specifying binding to C/EBP sites. Our studies also help to explain the phenotypes of mice carrying targeted mutations in the C/EBPα bZIP region.
A multiresolution approach for Internet GIS applications

The rise of the Internet has created an infrastructure ideally suited to the widespread distribution and dissemination of geographical information. As Internet GIS applications are being demanded by users, it is necessary to investigate new strategies for data compression, multiresolution, interfaces and so on. This paper describes an approach for multiresolution, which aims to reduce delays caused by the transmission and visualization of large vector maps over the Internet. This approach is implemented on the iGIS framework, which consists of a tool for rapid Web GIS application development, and it was designed in a multitier architecture.
Adaptive control scheme for MI-MO systems with input saturations

In all actual systems, there exist certainly input saturations. If an adaptive adjusting law is designed in disregard of input saturations, the designed adaptive controller may give poor performance or lead instability of the closed loop system. To overcome the problem, in this paper, we propose an adaptive control scheme for multi-input multi-output linear systems with input saturations. It is assumed that there exist the leading principal minors of the high frequency gain matrix of the controlled object and the signs of leading principal minors are known. Under the assumptions, even for unstable controlled objects, the proposed adaptive controller can assure asymptotic stability of the tracking error between the controlled object and a reference model.
Cultural influences on leadership and organizations : Project GLOBE

Add list of 170 authors and their institutions here. * The authors are indebted to Markus Hauser, University of Zurich, for his thoughtful comments and suggestions relevant to this monograph. 2 ABSTRACT GLOBE is both a research program and a social entity. The GLOBE social entity is a network of 170 social scientists and management scholars from 61 cultures throughout the world, working in a coordinated long-term effort to examine the interrelationships between societal culture, organizational culture and practices, and organizational leadership. The meta-goal of the Global Leadership and Organizational Effectiveness (GLOBE) Research Program is to develop an empirically based theory to describe, understand, and predict the impact of cultural variables on leadership and organizational processes and the effectiveness of these processes. This monograph presents a description of the GLOBE research program and some initial empirical findings resulting from GLOBE research. A central question in this part of the research concerns the extent to which specific leadership attributes and behaviors are universally endorsed as contributing to effective leadership and the extent to which the endorsement of leader attributes and behaviors is culturally contingent. We identified six global leadership dimensions of culturally endorsed implicit theories of leadership (CLTs). Preliminary evidence indicates that these dimensions are significantly correlated with isomorphic dimensions of societal and organizational culture. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that selected cultural differences strongly influence important ways in which people think about leaders and norms concerning the status, influence, and privileges granted to leaders. The hypothesis that charismatic/value-based leadership would be universally endorsed is strongly supported. Team-oriented leadership is strongly correlated with charismatic/value-based leadership, and also universally endorsed. Humane and participative leadership dimensions are nearly universally endorsed. The endorsement of the remaining global leadership dimensions-self-protective and autonomous leadership vary by culture. 3 We identified 21 specific leader attributes and behaviors that are universally viewed as contributing to leadership effectiveness. Eleven of the specific leader characteristics composing the global charismatic/value-based leadership dimension were among these 21 attributes. Eight specific leader characteristics were universally viewed as impediments to leader effectiveness. We also identified 35 specific leader characteristics that are viewed as contributors in some cultures and impediments in other cultures. We present these, as well as other findings, in more detail in this monograph. A particular strength of the GLOBE research design is the combination of quantitative and qualitative data. Elimination of common method and common source variance is also …
“Tightly Wound Rubber Bands”: Exploring the College Experiences of Low-Income, First-Generation White Students

This qualitative study explores how low-income, first-generation, White students experienced their social class during college. Particular attention was given to how students’ spent their time, energy, and resources during college. Overall, participants’ stories reflected students who felt overextended and overwhelmed during college mostly due to the necessity of work combined with the rigors of collegiate academics. Implications for higher education research and practice are discussed.
Candida albicans Yeast, Pseudohyphal, and Hyphal Morphogenesis Differentially Affects Immune Recognition

Candida albicans is a human opportunist pathogen that can grow as yeast, pseudohyphae, or true hyphae in vitro and in vivo, depending on environmental conditions. Reversible cellular morphogenesis is an important virulence factor that facilitates invasion of host tissues, escape from phagocytes, and dissemination in the blood stream. The innate immune system is the first line of defense against C. albicans infections and is influenced by recognition of wall components that vary in composition in different morphological forms. However, the relationship between cellular morphogenesis and immune recognition of this fungus is not fully understood. We therefore studied various vegetative cell types of C. albicans, singly and in combination, to assess the consequences of cellular morphogenesis on selected immune cytokine outputs from human monocytes. Hyphae stimulated proportionally lower levels of certain cytokines from monocytes per unit of cell surface area than yeast cells, but did not suppress cytokine response when copresented with yeast cells. Pseudohyphal cells induced intermediate cytokine responses. Yeast monomorphic mutants had elevated cytokine responses under conditions that otherwise supported filamentous growth and mutants of yeast and hyphal cells that were defective in cell wall mannosylation or lacking certain hypha-specific cell wall proteins could variably unmask or deplete the surface of immunostimulatory ligands. These observations underline the critical importance of C. albicans morphology and morphology-associated changes in the cell wall composition that affect both immune recognition and pathogenesis.
The Site-Specific Transport and Metabolism of Tacrolimus in Rat Small Intestine

The objective of this study was to evaluate the absorption of tacrolimus by means of simultaneous perfusion of intestinal lumen and blood vessels in rats. In our previous report, the permeability of tacrolimus was found to be higher in the jejunum than in the ileum or colon, suggesting the site-dependent absorption after oral administration. However, in this article, simultaneous perfusion technique revealed that the extent of absorption into blood vessels was similar in the jejunum and the ileum regardless of the site difference in permeability as the absorption rate. In addition to the multidrug resistance-associated protein-mediated efflux, cytochrome P450 (P450)-mediated metabolism could be a possible mechanism to explain the inconsistencies in the site dependence of tacrolimus absorption. Two enzyme inhibitors, ketoconazole and midazolam, were coperfused in rat intestinal lumen with tacrolimus to specify the effect of P-gp and P450. In the jejunum, both inhibitors significantly enhanced the absorbed amount of tacrolimus, whereas the permeability was not affected. It was suggested that both inhibitors mainly suppress P450-mediated metabolism in the upper region of the intestine. In contrast, in the ileum, ketoconazole significantly enhanced both the absorbed amount and the permeability of tacrolimus. However, midazolam failed to enhance the absorption of tacrolimus, indicating the dominant role of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux in the lower region. From these findings, it is concluded that the site-dependent differences in P-gp and/or P450 activity could be the prime cause of large intra- and interindividual variability in the oral absorption of tacrolimus.
Factors Associated With Psychological Insulin Resistance in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE To describe the predictive relationships of selected sociodemographic, biomedical, and psychosocial variables to reluctance to use insulin among patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 178 patients with type 2 diabetes participated in this cross-sectional, observational study. Data were obtained by patient interview using validated measures of diabetes attitude, knowledge, self-efficacy, care communication, and perceived barriers to treatment, as well as sociodemographic and biomedical data. RESULTS Women and ethnic minorities with type 2 diabetes have more psychological barriers to insulin treatment (P < 0.05). The final regression model showed that individuals who believed in the value of tight glucose control, had strong self-efficacy, and had better interpersonal processes with their healthcare providers were less reluctant to use insulin treatment (R2 = 0.403; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Diabetes self-efficacy and better interaction with clinicians were important in decreasing patients' reluctance to use insulin, known as psychological insulin resistance.
Magnetic resonance perfusion imaging in ischemic heart disease

This review explores the present status of contrast media available for myocardial perfusion studies, the magnetic resonance (MR) sequences adapted to multi‐slice first‐pass acquisitions, and the issue of myocardial perfusion quantification. To date, only low molecular weight paramagnetic gadolinium chelates have been used in clinical protocols for myocardial perfusion. With the availability of fast MR acquisition techniques to follow the first‐pass distribution of the contrast agent in the myocardium, the bolus tracking technique represents the more widely used protocol in MR perfusion studies. On T1‐weighted imaging, the ischemic zone appears with a delayed and lower signal enhancement compared with normally perfused myocardium. Visual analysis of the image series can be greatly improved by image post‐processing to obtain relative myocardial perfusion maps. With an intravascular tracer, myocardial kinetics are in theory easier to analyze in terms of perfusion. In experimental studies, different intravascular or blood pool MR contrast agents have been tested to measure quantitative perfusion parameters. If a simple flow‐limited kinetic model is developed with MR contrast agents, one important clinical application will be the evaluation of the functional consequence of coronary stenoses, ie, non‐invasive evaluation of the coronary reserve. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:423–433. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predicting Long-term Treatment Utilization among Addicts Entering Detoxification: The Contribution of Help-seeking Models1

Detoxification is the entry point into the drug treatment system for many heroin and cocaine addicts. In this paper, we examine both socio-demographic predictors of utilization of long-term treatment and constructs based on theories of help-seeking. Data for this paper were collected from 279 heroin and cocaine dependent individuals, at entry into two detoxification programs and 30 or more days later, to determine their long-term treatment status in the 30 days following detoxification. We find that homeless individuals, those on parole, and those who have used drugs for fewer than 20 years are more likely than their counterparts to be in treatment. Even when an array of sociodemographic characteristics are controlled, constructs drawn from the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1988) –viz. intention to enter treatment, behavioral beliefs favoring treatment, and perceived behavioral control (self-efficacy) contribute significantly to the prediction of treatment utilization.
4 . 3 Interval Constraint Programming in C + +

This paper discusses, how to extend C++ language with classes for interval function evaluation and constraint satisfaction. Three portable general purpose libraries for the tasks are being implemented: INT++, IAF++ and INC++. The main innovation of these systems is combination of algebraic and numerical IA techniques with constraint satisfaction techniques for evaluating interval functions globally and for obtaining better than local solutions for interval constraint satisfaction problems. Our practical goal is to provide the main stream programmer with easy to use, portable C++ libraries that can be used in applications without deep understanding of interval analysis.
Mitochondrial gene flow.

To account for the transmission of mitochondrial DNA between conspecific species Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis in sympatry reported by J.R. Powell [Powell, J.R. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 492-495], a simple model of gene flow and selection in infinite populations is analyzed. The model assumes two alleles at each of two loci, one of which is coded by an autosome and the other by mitochondrial DNA. Viability selection is presumed to be underdominant--i.e., heterozygous inferiority to the homozygotes--at an autosomal locus, and neutral or deleterious at a mitochondrial locus, with the combined action being multiplicative. Extremely strong selection against heterozygotes may prevent the transmission of mitochondrial DNA between two species, but otherwise the transmission can easily occur over species boundaries. The rate of approach to equilibrium is determined by the level of gene flow and is not affected much by selection against an autosomal locus. The divergence of the nuclear genomes of the two species is reexamined. Based on published data on enzyme loci, we conclude that there has been mitochondrial gene flow between these species for a long enough time that several nuclear loci examined could diverge because of accumulation of neutral mutations.
Effect of dataset partitioning strategies for evaluating out-of-distribution generalisation for predictive models in biochemistry

We have developed Hestia, a computational tool that provides a unified framework for introducing similarity correction techniques across different biochemical data types. We propose a new strategy for dividing a dataset into training and evaluation subsets (CCPart) and have compared it against other methods at different thresholds to explore the impact that these choices have on model generalisation evaluation, through the lens of overfitting diagnosis. We have trained molecular language models for protein sequences, DNA sequences, and small molecule string representations (SMILES) on the alternative splitting strategies for training and evaluation subsets. The effect of partitioning strategy and threshold depend both on the specific prediction task and the biochemical data type, for tasks for which homology is important, like enzymatic activity classification, being more sensitive to partitioning strategy than others, like subcellular localization. Overall, the best threshold for small molecules seems to lay between 0.4 and 0.5 in Tanimoto distance, for DNA between 0.4 and 0.5, and for proteins between 0.3 and 0.5, depending on the specific task. Similarity correction algorithms showed significantly better ability to diagnose overfitting in 11 out of 15 datasets with CCPart being more clearly dependent on the threshold than the alternative GraphPart, which showed more instability. Availability and implementation The source code is freely available at https://github.com/IBM/Hestia. The tool is also made available through a dedicated web-server at http://peptide.ucd. ie/Hestia.
Genome Sequence of Lysinibacillus sphaericus Strain KCTC 3346T

ABSTRACT Lysinibacillus sphaericus is a heterogeneous species that includes strains that produce mosquitocidal toxin proteins. Herein, we report the 4.56-Mb draft genome sequence of the nonpathogenic L. sphaericus strain KCTC 3346T, which provides clues for the phylogenetic reassessment of L. sphaericus species and an understanding of its physiological properties.
The Timely Computing Base

Real-time behavior is materialized by timeliness specifications, which in essence call for synchronous system models. However, systems many often rely on largescale, unpredictable and unreliable infrastructures, that suggest the use of asynchronous models. Several models in between have addressed these antagonistic aims, each in its own way. We propose an architectural construct that addresses the problem in a generic way. We assume the existence of a component that is capable of executing timely functions, however asynchronous the rest of the system may be. This component can be used by other components to execute timely services. There is a certain analogy to the trusted computing base principle used in security. We call it the Timely Computing Base, TCB. In this paper, we show that a TCB can be used to build dependable and timely applications exhibiting varying degrees of timing fault tolerance, under several synchrony models.
DEVELOPING CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL f STATEMENTS USING A PROTOTYPE t EXPERT SYSTEM

In the development ofaccounting fmancial statements for external pur­ poses, ftrms face the problem of consolidating fmancial statement data across two dimensions: companies (or e.g., proftt centers) and accounts. This paper presents a prototype expert system developed using Prolog, FINSTA, designed to aggregate accounts across the second dimension in order to develop fmancial statements. The system uses natural lan­ guage account titles and account dollar amounts as inputs and prepares aggregated ftnancial statements as outputs. In order to accomplish this task, FINST A fIrst processes symbolic information (e.g., account titles) and then uses that and other information from that process in the con­ text ofan analytic model that it also solves in order to develop the fman­ cial statements. Thus, FINST A uses multiple types of knowledge and processes that knowledge in a number of different ways.
From households to urban structures: space representations as engine of dynamics in multi-agent simulations

L'idee principale de ce texte est de simuler la construction d'une segregation urbaine via des representations spatiales. Pour faire aboutir ce projet, le modele doit etre tres simple parce que nous souhaitons plus simuler et comprendre les processus de production d'espace, leurs temporalites et leur influence dynamique sur l'apprentissage de l’espace par les individus, que reproduire une situation reelle. En outre, ce travail est inclus dans une recherche de l'UMR 6012, qui pratique une analyse spatiale centree sur l’analyse des processus dans un contexte de faible quantification. Aussi, nous employons un systeme multi-agents pour mettre en oeuvre une hierarchie enchevetree propre aux processus complexes caracteristiques des sciences sociales : une structure spatiale au niveau macro emergeant de regles simples etablies au niveau micro et une retro-action du niveau macro agissant a son tour sur le niveau micro. Le modele est construit comme suit : des agents menages parcourent l'univers multi-agents pour trouver le meilleur domicile selon des contraintes comme leurs revenus ou le prestige des lieux. Ils apprennent cet espace par la pratique et, consecutivement, construisent des representations spatiales individuelles variees qui vont participer a la construction de representations collectives de l'espace. Ces deux types de representations contribueront a aider les agents menages a trouver le meilleur choix residentiel. Puis, ces choix modifieront les caracteristiques des espaces et les nouvelles structures spatiales contraindront les agents menages dans leurs pratiques de cet espace, leurs representations individuelles et leurs choix. Ces retro-actions basees sur des representations spatiales contribuent en grande partie a la construction d’une segregation urbaine.
On the distinction between visual salience and stimulus-driven attentional capture.

It is often assumed that the efficient detection of salient visual objects in search reflects stimulus-driven attentional capture. Evidence for this assumption, however, comes from tasks in which the salient object is task relevant and therefore may elicit a deliberate deployment of attention. In 9 experiments, participants searched for a nonsalient target (vertical among tilted bars). In each display, 1 bar was highly salient in a different dimension (e.g., color or motion). When the target and salient elements coincided only rarely, reducing the incentive to attend deliberately to the salient stimuli, response times depended little on whether the target was salient, although some interesting exceptions were observed. It is concluded that efficient selection of an element in visual search does not constitute evidence that the element captures attention in a purely stimulus-driven fashion.