Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scalable multi-label Arabic text classification

Multi-label text classification (MTC) is a natural extension of the traditional text classification (TC) in which a possibly large set of labels can be assigned to each document. The dimensionality of labels makes MTC difficult and challenging. Several ways are proposed to ease the classification process and one of them is called the problem transformation (PT) method. It is used to transform the multi-labeled data into a single-label one that is suitable for normal classification. Our paper presents a detailed study about using the supervised approach to address the MTC problem for Arabic text. Moreover, the scalability of such an approach is considered in our experiments. The MEKA system is used to convert the multi-label data into a single-label one using different PT methods: LC, BR and RT. Then, different classifiers commonly used for TC such as SVM, NB, KNN, and Decision Tree, are applied to each dataset. The results show that using SVM on the LC dataset generated the best results with 71% ML-accuracy.
Parasitoid Foraging and Oviposition Behavior in the Field

Since parasitoids can be reared from their hosts and leave evidence of parasitism after they emerge from hosts, some general outlines of their foraging behavior can be inferred from field studies that do not involve direct observation. However, direct observations are often needed to uncover critical aspects of patch use, host finding, and host use. Studies of parasitoid foraging in the field utilizing direct observation were rare until relatively recently. However, a nascent literature on parasitoid foraging in the field can now be identified that is shedding some light on how parasitoids allocate their time in the field and what they do when they encounter hosts. These studies have been performed on a variety of parasitoids in natural as well as agricultural systems. They range from observations of host-species selection by Drosophila parasitoids foraging in fermenting fruits and sap fluxes in Dutch woodlands to investigations of the amount of time that parasitoids of stem-boring Lepidoptera will wait for their concealed hosts to emerge from within corn plants in the USA, and a number of other interesting studies. In this chapter we review studies of parasitoid behavior in the field, focusing primarily on the implications of these behaviors for density-dependent parasitism and optimal foraging. 3 Parasitoid foraging and oviposition behavior in the field George E. Heimpel and Jerome Casas
A Hierarchical Linear Modeling Approach to Predicting Trajectories of Posttraumatic Growth in Veterans Following Acquired Physical Disability

A HIERARCHICAL LINEAR MODELING APPROACH TO PREDICTING TRAJECTORIES OF POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH IN VETERANS FOLLOWING ACQUIRED PHYSICAL DISABILITY By Lisa Goldberg, M.S. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2017 Major Director: Paul B. Perrin, Associate Professor. Psychology Department The purpose of this study was to examine potential predictors of PTG across time in Veterans with acquired physical disabilities. Specifically, this study aimed to understand how various demographic and injury characteristics, coping styles, appraisals of injury, and social support might predict trajectories of PTG from discharge from inpatient rehabilitation through 12 months after baseline. Initial curvature analyses suggested that a cubic polynomial trend best fit the movement of PTG over time, generally conforming to an initial increase, decrease, and then plateau or slight increase. Four HLMs were run to examine whether demographic and injury characteristics, coping styles, appraisals of injury, and social support predicted the height of this cubic architecture of PTG across baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12-month follow ups, and a final HLM examined whether any statistically significant fixed effects in the first four HLMs interacted with time in the prediction of participants’ PTG trajectories. Estimated premorbid IQ was negatively associated, while age was positively associated with the height of PTG over time. Reframing and religious coping were positively associated with PTG over time, as were challenge appraisals. Three types of social support did not independently predict PTG trajectories, although bivariate correlations suggested the presence of isolated relationships between different types of social support and PTG at certain time points. None of the significant predictors interacted with time in predicting participants’ PTG trajectories.
Calculation of Geodesic Distances in Nonlinear Mixing Models: Application to the Generalized Bilinear Model

Recently, several nonlinear techniques have been proposed in hyperspectral image processing for classification and unmixing applications. A popular data-driven approach for treating nonlinear problems employs the geodesic distances on the data manifold as property of interest. These geodesic distances are approximated by the shortest path distances in a nearest neighbor graph constructed in the data cloud. Although this approach often works well in practical applications, the graph-based approximation of these geodesic distances often fails to capture correctly the true nonlinear structure of the manifold, causing deviations in the subsequent algorithms. On the other hand, several model-based nonlinear techniques have been introduced as well and have the advantage that one can, in theory, calculate the geodesic distances analytically. In this letter, we demonstrate how one can calculate the true geodesics, and their lengths, on any manifold induced by a nonlinear hyperspectral mixing model. We introduce the required techniques from differential geometry, show how the constraints on the abundances can be integrated in these techniques, and present a numerical method for finding a solution of the geodesic equations. We demonstrate this technique on the recently developed generalized bilinear model, which is a flexible model for the nonlinearities introduced by secondary reflections. As an application of the technique, we demonstrate that multidimensional scaling applied to these geodesic distances can be used as a preprocessing step to linear unmixing, yielding better unmixing results on nonlinear data when compared to principal component analysis and outperforming ISOMAP.
Pre- and Postnatal Exposure to Moderate Levels of Ethanol Can Have Long-Lasting Effects on Hippocampal Glutamate Uptake in Adolescent Offspring

The developing brain is vulnerable to the effects of ethanol. Glutamate is the main mediator of excitatory signals in the brain and is probably involved in most aspects of normal brain function during development. The aim of this study was to investigate vulnerability to and the impact of ethanol toxicity on glutamate uptake signaling in adolescent rats after moderate pre and postnatal ethanol exposure. Pregnant female rats were divided into three groups and treated only with water (control), non-alcoholic beer (vehicle) or 10% (v/v) beer solution (moderate prenatal alcohol exposure—MPAE). Thirty days after birth, adolescent male offspring were submitted to hippocampal acute slice procedure. We assayed glutamate uptake and measured glutathione content and also quantified glial glutamate transporters (EAAT 1 and EAAT 2). The glutamate system vulnerability was tested with different acute ethanol doses in naïve rats and compared with the MPAE group. We also performed a (lipopolysaccharide-challenge (LPS-challenge) with all groups to test the glutamate uptake response after an insult. The MPAE group presented a decrease in glutamate uptake corroborating a decrease in glutathione (GSH) content. The reduction in GSH content suggests oxidative damage after acute ethanol exposure. The glial glutamate transporters were also altered after prenatal ethanol treatment, suggesting a disturbance in glutamate signaling. This study indicates that impairment of glutamate uptake can be dose-dependent and the glutamate system has a higher vulnerability to ethanol toxicity after moderate ethanol exposure In utero. The effects of pre- and postnatal ethanol exposure can have long-lasting impacts on the glutamate system in adolescence and potentially into adulthood.
A randomized clinical trial of exercise to alleviate postpartum depressed mood

Objective. To evaluate whether a 12-week home-based exercise program is more effective than usual care for alleviating depressive symptomology in the postpartum. Methods. Eighty-eight women experiencing postpartum depressed mood were randomly assigned to a 12-week home-based exercise program or usual care. Outcomes assessed immediately post-treatment and 3-months post-treatment were the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Results. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the effect of the intervention on EPDS did not change from 3 to 6 months evaluations, but was modified by the baseline EPDS score, with subjects with greater depression at baseline (EPDS > 13) in the intervention group having a significantly lower postbaseline EPDS score compared with the usual care group (mean difference 4.06 points, 95%CI 1.51–6.61, p < 0.001). After adjusting for baseline HAM-D, subjects in the intervention group had a significantly lower HAM-D score at post-treatment compared with subjects in the usual care group (mean difference 1.83 points, 95%CI 0.24–3.41, p = 0.02). The difference in HAM-D became non-significant at 3-months post-treatment. Conclusions. Home-based exercise is a feasible nonpharmacological intervention with the potential to alleviate postpartum depressive symptoms, especially in women with higher initial depressed mood scores as measured by the EPDS. These findings may guide the design of future exercise clinical trials with postpartum depressed women.
Salicylic acid regulates secondary metabolites content in leaves of Matricaria chamomilla

The influence of increasing doses of salicylic acid (SA) on selected physiological parameters and the content of coumarin-related compounds of diploid and tetraploid cultivars of Matricaria chamomilla plants were studied. Forty-eight hours after treatment SA showed growth-promoting effect with decrease in tissue water content, chlorophylls and soluble proteins. High doses of SA led to an increase of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical) resulted in membrane damage (measured by accumulation of malondialdehyde). Changes in secondary metabolites accumulation in leaves were also observed. The pattern of quantitative changes of studied compounds was similar in tetraploid and diploid plants. The content of herniarin and its precursor (Z)- and (E)-2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid increased simultaneously. A considerable increase of umbelliferone and decrease in chlorogenic acid was registered. The rise of ene-yne-dicycloether in treated plant was also detected.
Deciding What's News: A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek and Time

For ten years, Herbert J. Gans spent considerable time in four major television and magazine newsrooms, observing and talking to the journalists who choose the national news stories that inform America about itself. Writing during the golden age of journalism. Gans included such headline events as the War on Poverty, the Vietnam War and the protests against it, urban ghetto disorders, the assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy, and Watergate. He was interested in the values, professional standards, and the external pressures that shaped journalists' judgments. Deciding What's News has become a classic. A new preface outlines the major changes that have taken place in the news media since Gans first wrote the book, but it also suggests that the basics of news judgment and the structures of news organizations have changed little Gans's book is still the most comprehensive sociological account of some of the country's most prominent national news media. The book received the 1979 Theatre Library Association Award and the 1980 Book Award of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters. This is the first work to be published under the Medill School of Journalism's "Visions of the American Press" imprint, a new journalism history series featuring both original volumes and reprints of important classics.
Online Influence Maximization

Social networks are commonly used for marketing purposes. For example, free samples of a product can be given to a few influential social network users (or seed nodes), with the hope that they will convince their friends to buy it. One way to formalize this objective is through the problem of influence maximization (or IM), whose goal is to find the best seed nodes to activate under a fixed budget, so that the number of people who get influenced in the end is maximized. Solutions to IM rely on the influence probability that a user influences another one. However, this probability information may be unavailable or incomplete. In this paper, we study IM in the absence of complete information on influence probability. We call this problem Online Influence Maximization (OIM), since we learn influence probabilities at the same time we run influence campaigns. To solve OIM, we propose a multiple-trial approach, where (1) some seed nodes are selected based on existing influence information; (2) an influence campaign is started with these seed nodes; and (3) user feedback is used to update influence information. We adopt Explore-Exploit strategies, which can select seed nodes using either the current influence probability estimation (exploit), or the confidence bound on the estimation (explore). Any existing IM algorithm can be used in this framework. We also develop an incremental algorithm that can significantly reduce the overhead of handling user feedback information. Our experiments show that our solution is more effective than traditional IM methods on the partial information.
Assimilation of 3 D Ozone field in Global Chemistry Transport Models Near Real Time Approach

In this paper, data assimilation approach for the estimation of the 3 dimensional global ozone distribution based on the global transport model TM3 is presented. TM3 uses the meteorological data from ECMWF (European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) to transport the 3D ozone field and includes simplified chemistry scheme. The retrieved ozone profiles used in the assimilation are products of the fast-delivery service of GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment) products at KNMI. The Kalman filter technique is chosen as a data assimilation technique since it not only estimates the ozone distribution globally but also quantifies the uncertainty in its estimate. The data assimilation is demonstrated for the period of May 1997. Furthermore, a simplified version of the Kalman filter is presented for the period of November 1999. Results and validation of the assimilated 3D ozone fields with the available ozone sondes for this period are discussed and verified.
Optimal Allocation for Estimating the Product of Two Means

Suppose we wish to estimate the product of the means of two independent populations of Bernoulli random variables , the parameters of which, themselves, are modeled as independent beta random variables. Assume that the total sample size for the experiment is xed, but that the number of experimental units observed from each population may be random. Using a decision theoretic approach, we seek to minimize the Bayes risk that arises from using a squared error loss function. Although selecting the form of an optimal estimator is critical to solving this problem, the real diiculty lies in determining an optimal strategy for sampling from the two populations. The problem of optimal estimation reduces, therefore, to a problem of optimal allocation which can be solved exactly using dynamic programming. We utilize similar programming techniques to evaluate exactly some of the other strategies that have been proposed for this problem. (The term exact is used repeatedly here to stress the fact that none of the computational results depend on simulation studies.)
Immunological Consequences of Interleukin 12 Administration after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation

Purpose: The purpose is to determine the immunological effects of recombinant human interleukin (rhIL)-12 therapy after autologous stem cell transplantation. Experimental Design: Twelve patients (8 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 2 Hodgkin’s disease, and 2 plasma cell myeloma) were treated with rhIL-12 by bolus i.v. injection in doses of 30, 100, or 250 ng/kg starting at a median of 66 days posttransplant. Immunological assays were performed using serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples obtained on study. Results: Dose-dependent increases in the total lymphocyte count occurred during rhIL-12 therapy. The absolute number of peripheral blood CD4 T cells increased up to 16.3-fold, CD8 T cells up to 20.5-fold, B cells up to 11-fold, and natural killer (NK) cells up to 12.3-fold during rhIL-12 administration and returned to pretreatment baseline levels after discontinuation of rhIL-12. CD56bright NK cells expanded dramatically in the blood of a patient with baseline lymphopenia before rhIL-12 therapy. In vitro proliferation of patient PBMCs in response to IL-12 was indistinguishable from that of PBMCs obtained from healthy control sub-jects. Moreover, spontaneous in vitro proliferation of patient PBMCs increased significantly during rhIL-12 therapy. Increased levels of IFN-γ and IL-18 were detected in the serum of patients treated in the 100 and 250 ng/kg dose cohorts during the first multiple dose cycle. Conclusions: Expansion of T, B, and NK cells occurs in vivo during rhIL-12 therapy after autologous stem cell transplantation for hematological malignancies. In contrast to their striking defect in IL-12-induced IFN-γ production, posttransplant patient PBMCs exhibit normal proliferative responses to IL-12 in vitro. Additional investigation of rhIL-12 for posttransplantation immunotherapy is warranted.
Hands for dexterous manipulation and robust grasping: a difficult road toward simplicity

In this paper, an attempt at summarizing the evolution and the state of the art in the field of robot hands is made. In such exposition, a critical evaluation of what in the author's view are the leading ideas and emerging trends is privileged with respect to exhaustiveness of citations. The survey is focused mainly on three types of functional requirements a machine hand can be assigned in an artificial system, namely, manipulative dexterity, grasp robustness, and human operability. A basic distinction is made between hands designed for mimicking the human anatomy and physiology,and hands designed to meet restricted, practical requirements. In the latter domain, arguments are presented in favor of a -minimalistic" attitude in the design of hands for practical applications, i.e., use the least number of actuators, the simplest set of sensors, etc., for a given task. To achieve this rather obvious engineering goal is a challenge to our community. The paper illustrates some of the new sometimes difficult, problems that are brought about by building and controlling simpler, more practical devices.
On the Nature of Feedback Heating in Cooling Flow Clusters

We study the feedback between heating and cooling of the intracluster medium (ICM) in cooling flow (CF) galaxies and clusters. We adopt the popular view that the heating is due to an active galactic nucleus (AGN), i.e., a central black hole accreting mass and launching jets and/or winds. We propose that the feedback occurs within the entire cool inner region (r ≲ 5-30 kpc), where the nonlinear overdense blobs of gas with a density contrast ρ/ρa ≳ 2 cool fast and are removed from the ICM before experiencing the next major AGN heating event. We term this scenario "cold feedback. " Some of these blobs cool and sink toward the central black hole, while others might form stars and cold molecular clouds. We derive the conditions under which the dense blobs formed by perturbations might cool to low temperatures (T < 104 K) and feed the black hole. The main conditions are found to be as follows. (1) An overdense blob must be prevented from reaching an equilibrium position in the ICM; therefore, it has to cool fast, and the density profile of the ambient gas should be shallow. (2) Nonlinear perturbations are required; they might have chiefly formed by previous AGN activity. (3) The cooling time of these nonlinear perturbations should be short relative to a few times the typical interval between successive AGN outbursts. (4) In order not to evaporate the blobs, thermal conduction around the blobs should be suppressed by a factor ≲10-3.
The Monopole Equations in

We twist the monopole equations of Seiberg and Witten and show how these equations are realized in topological Yang-Mills theory. A Floer derivative and a Morse functional are found and are used to construct a unitary transformation between the usual Floer cohomologies and those of the monopole equations. Furthermore, these equations are seen to reside in the vanishing self-dual curvature condition of an OSp(1|2)-bundle. Alternatively, they may be seen arising directly from a vanishing self-dual curvature condition on an SU(2)-bundle in which the fermions are realized as spanning the tangent space for a specific background. CTP # 2397 December 1994 hep-th/9412206 This work is supported in part by funds provided by the U. S. Department of Energy (D.O.E.) under cooperative agreement #DE-FC02-94ER40818. Email: rog@ctpup.mit.edu Email: ithron@mit.edu
SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION OF MARKARIAN 501: QUIESCENT STATE VERSUS EXTREME OUTBURST

The very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) blazar Markarian 501 (Mrk 501) has a well-studied history of extreme spectral variability and is an excellent laboratory for studying the physical processes within the jets of active galactic nuclei. However, there are few detailed multiwavelength studies of Mrk 501 during its quiescent state, due to its low luminosity. A short-term multiwavelength study of Mrk 501 was coordinated in 2009 March, focusing around a multi-day observation with the Suzaku X-ray satellite and including γ-ray data from VERITAS, MAGIC, and the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope with the goal of providing a well-sampled multiwavelength baseline measurement of Mrk 501 in the quiescent state. The results of these quiescent-state observations are compared to the historically extreme outburst of 1997 April 16, with the goal of examining variability of the spectral energy distribution (SED) between the two states. The derived broadband SED shows the characteristic double-peaked profile. We find that the X-ray peak shifts by over two orders of magnitude in photon energy between the two flux states while the VHE peak varies little. The limited shift in the VHE peak can be explained by the transition to the Klein–Nishina (KN) regime. Synchrotron self-Compton models are matched to the data and the implied KN effects are explored.