Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification Matters More: Global Instance Contrast for Fine-Grained SAR Aircraft Detection

Since significant intraclass differences and inconspicuous interclass variations, fine-grained aircraft detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is challenging. Also, the inherent lack of detailed features and severe noise interference in SAR images make it difficult to learn class-specific feature representations. Current detection approaches focus more on localization accuracy and ignore classification performance, which is more critical in fine-grained detection. To address the above challenges, we present GICNet: global instance contrast (GIC) for fine-grained SAR aircraft detection a global instance-level contrast module is proposed to improve interclass divergences and intraclass compactness. With a specially constructed global instance set, GICNet can contrast a large number of different aircraft targets while keeping a small batch size. Furthermore, we design a novel quality-aware focal loss (QAFL) to facilitate the accurate classification of well-localized aircraft targets. Meanwhile, to maintain localization performance, we develop a new edge-aware bounding-box refinement (EABR) module to refine predicted coarse bounding boxes. Experimental results show that our GICNet outperforms current advanced detectors and achieves a new state-of-the-art performance on the GaoFen-3 SAR aircraft detection dataset. In particular, GICNet also has advantages in reducing misclassification and recognizing well-located targets.
Magnetic phase diagram and demagnetization processes in perpendicular exchange-spring multilayers

The magnetic behavior of the perpendicular exchange-spring bilayer and multilayer, constituted of a hard and a soft phase that are exchange-coupled on a nanometric scale, is analyzed by a one-dimensional micromagnetic model leading to a complete magnetic phase diagram in terms of layer thicknesses. The validity of the one-dimensional assumption for the perpendicular situation is demonstrated. The phase diagram provides information on the type of demagnetization processes and the critical fields at which nucleation and reversal take place, depending on the intrinsic properties of the chosen soft and hard materials. An analytical expression of the reversal field is deduced for relatively large thicknesses. Moreover, the effect of a reduced interlayer coupling is also taken into account, leading to slight modifications of both the magnetic phase diagram and the hysteresis loops. A series of $\mathrm{Fe}∕\mathrm{Fe}\mathrm{Pt}$ bilayers, prepared by sputtering, has been used to evaluate the predictions of the model, which has also been tested with the available literature data on $\mathrm{Fe}\mathrm{Rh}∕\mathrm{Fe}\mathrm{Pt}$ bilayers. Both systems have a particular relevance for potential applications in magnetic recording as well as magnetic microelectromechanical systems.
Effects of interdiffusion on the luminescence of InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots

Large energy shifts in the luminescence emission from strained InGaAs quantum dots are observed as a result of postgrowth annealing and also when raising the upper cladding layer growth temperatures. These blueshifts occur concurrently with narrowing (from 61 to 24 meV) of the full width at half‐maxima for the emission from the quantum dot ensemble. These energy shifts can be explained by interdiffusion or intermixing of the interfaces rather than strain effects due to variations in capping layer thickness. Temperature behavior of the luminescence in annealed and nonannealed samples indicates a change in the shape and depth of the quantum dot confining potential. Quenching of the wetting layer luminescence after interdiffusion is also observed.
Governing equations and finite element models for multiaxial piezoelectric beam sensors/actuators

Governing equations and finite element models for multiaxially active laminated piezoelectric beam sensor/ actuator elements capable of simultaneously sensing/actuating all four components (axial extension, biaxial bendings, and tonional twisting) of beam deformation are presented and used in special sensor/actuator pair designs as well as fiinite element analysis for transient responses of adaptive frame structures partially composed of these active beam elements
Designing Social Robot for Adults Using Self-Determination Theory and AI Technologies

In comparison to children and young students, adult learners usually exhibit more complex learning behaviors and psychological needs during the learning process. Designing social robots for adult learners has, thus, been a challenging task and a far less explored area, and it requires the great efforts from both technical and theoretical perspectives. We, therefore, first propose a novel framework that exploits the latest artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and the established psychological theory for social robot design. Under the proposed framework, we implement a novel social robot and deploy it in the challenging learning context, which demands the robot provide natural interactions and autonomous learning supports to adult learners. The evaluation results show that the robot significantly improves the learners' intrinsic motivation, and the adult learners have also shown great interests in learning and communicating with the robot. This article sheds light on how to design interactive and autonomous social robots for adult learners and contributes a concrete solution that employs the established psychological theories as the design guidelines and the AI models as the enabling technologies.
The Influence of Foreign Direct Investment on Physical Health of Rural-Urban Migrants—Empirical Evidence from China Migrants Dynamic Survey

The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on rural-urban migrants’ physical health and its influencing mechanism. A total of 134,920 rural-urban migrant samples are matched based on the China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2017 and the China Urban Statistical Yearbook in 2016. On the basis of the samples, a Binary Probit Model is used to explore the relationship between the degree of FDI and rural-urban migrants’ physical health. The results show that compared with migrants who lived in cities with a lower FDI level, rural-urban migrants who lived in cities with a higher FDI level are better in physical health. The results of the mediation effect model show that the degree of FDI has a significant positive impact on employment rights and benefits the protection of rural-urban migrants, improving rural-urban migrants’ physical health, which means employment rights and benefits protection plays an intermediary role in the process of FDI affecting rural-urban migrants’ physical health. Therefore, when formulating public policies such as plans to improve the physical health of rural-urban migrants, not only the availability of medical services for rural-urban migrants needs to be improved, but the positive spillover effect of FDI should be taken into account. By doing so, FDI can positively affect the physical health of rural-urban migrants.
Hardware Implementation of Edge Neural Network Computing for Sensor With Memristors Based on Single-Crystalline LiNbO3 Thin Film

With the development of artificial intelligent IoT (AIoT) and dramatic increase of the amount of data, conventional architecture, in which all the data collected by sensors are sent to the data center for processing and computing, suffered from heavy computing load in the data center, latency, and high energy consumption. Edge neural network computing at the sensor terminal is demanding. Based on the advantages of memristor in nature co-location of memory and computing, high computing parallelism, low energy consumption, and miniaturization potential, we proposed to take use of memristors to conduct edge neural network computing at sensor and realize the integration of sensing memory computing. Also, in order to solve the problems caused by resistance states variation and device-to-device variation without transistor connected in series, highly uniform memristors based on single-crystalline LiNbO3 (LN) thin film with two stable resistance states were fabricated and utilized to realize binarized neural networks computing, and the coupling between the pressure sensor output signal with the input of the memristor array has been built. The hardware implementation of memristor-based edge neural network computing on the signals of pressure sensor array has been realized. With the memristor-based edge neural network computing, recognition of three letters (“V,” “Z,” and “T”) wrote on the pressure sensor array has been realized.
Passive Surveillance of Human-Biting Ixodes scapularis Ticks in Massachusetts from 2015–2019

This study aimed to analyze human-biting Ixodes scapularis ticks submitted to TickReport tick testing service from 2015–2019 in Massachusetts to (1) examine possible patterns of pathogen-positive adult and nymphal ticks over time and (2) explore how socioeconomic factors can influence tick submissions. A passive surveillance data set of ticks and tick-borne pathogens was conducted over 5 years (2015–2019) in Massachusetts. The percentages of four tick-borne pathogens: Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, and Borrelia miyamotoi were determined by Massachusetts county and by month and year. Regression models were used to examine the association between zip-code-level socioeconomic factors and submissions. A total of 13,598 I. scapularis ticks were submitted to TickReport from Massachusetts residents. The infection rate of B. burgdorferi, A. phagocytophilum, and B. microti was 39%, 8%, and 7% in adult ticks; 23%, 6%, and 5% in nymphal ticks, respectively. A relatively higher level of education was associated with high tick submission. Passive surveillance of human-biting ticks and associated pathogens is important for monitoring tick-borne diseases, detecting areas with potentially high risks, and providing public information. Socioeconomic factors should be considered to produce more generalizable passive surveillance data and to target potentially underserved areas.
Looking for life in unlikely places: reasons why planets may not be the best places to look for life

A new method is proposed to search for extraterrestrial life adapted to cold environments far from the Sun. To keep warm, using the light from a distant sun, any life-form must grow a system of optical concentrators, lenses or mirrors, to focus sunlight on to its vital parts. Any light not absorbed, or any heat radiation emitted from the vital parts, will be focused by the optical concentrators into a narrow beam pointing back towards the sun. To search for such life-forms, we should scan the sky with optical and infrared telescopes pointing directly away from the Sun. Any living vegetation will be seen as a bright patch in strong contrast to its dark surroundings, like the eyes of a nocturnal animal caught in the headlights of a car. This method of search may be used either with space-based or with ground-based telescopes. Examples of places where the method would work well are the surfaces of Europa, Trojan asteroids or Kuiper Belt objects. Any life-form that adapted successfully to a vacuum environment would be likely to spread widely over objects with icy surfaces in the outer regions of the solar system.
Three-dimensional Rayleigh-Taylor instability Part 1. Weakly nonlinear theory

Three-dimensional weakly nonlinear Rayleigh-Taylor instability is analysed. The stability of a confined inviscid liquid and an overlying gas with density much less than that of the liquid is considered. An asymptotic solution for containers of arbitrary cross-sectional geometry, valid up to order ε3 (where ε is the root-mean-squared initial surface slope) is obtained. The solution is evaluated for the rectangular and circular geometries and for various initial modes (square, hexagonal, axisymmetric, etc.). It is found that the hexagonal and axisymmetric instabilities grow faster than any other shapes in their respective geometries. In addition it is found that, sufficiently below the cutoff wavenumber, instabilities that are equally proportioned in the lateral directions grow faster than those with longer, thinner shape. However, near the cutoff wavenumber this trend reverses with instabilities having zero aspect ratio growing faster than those with aspect ratio near 1.
Space varying coefficient models for small area data

Many spatial regression problems using area data require more flexible forms than the usual linear predictor for modelling the dependence of responses on covariates. One direction for doing this is to allow the coefficients to vary as smooth functions of the area's geographical location. After presenting examples from the scientific literature where these spatially varying coefficients are justified, we briefly review some of the available alternatives for this kind of modelling. We concentrate on a Bayesian approach for generalized linear models proposed by the author which uses a Markov random field to model the coefficients' spatial dependency. We show that, for normally distributed data, Gibbs sampling can be used to sample from the posterior and we prove a result showing the equivalence between our model and other usual spatial regression models. We illustrate our approach with a number of rather complex applied problems, showing that the method is computationally feasible and provides useful insights in substantive problems. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High-velocity hot ammonia in bipolar outflows

We have detected high-velocity ammonia emission associated with four bipolar molecular outflows excited by young stars (L1157, L1448, IRAS 3282, and NGC 2071). The high-velocity emission is more prominent in the (3, 3) line, although it is also detected in the (1, 1), (2, 2), and (4, 4) lines. We deduce that the accelerated gas is heated to more than 50-100 K, i.e., a factor of 3-7 over the ambient temperatures (which are in the range 12-26 K). Such temperatures, when taken into account in the analysis of previous SiO observations, confirm that the shocked material is rather dense [n(H 2 )∼10 5 cm −3 ]
Unbiased estimates of reliability for the truncated gamma distribution

This paper derives the minimum variance unbiased estimate of the reliability function associated with the gamma distribution which is right truncated at a known point by using the classical minimum variance unbiased estimation method as outlined and initiated by Basu (1964). The techniques given are general and can be used to estimate not only the probability in the upper tail (reliability) of a distribution but also the probability content of any other region. In the sequel, the distribution of the minimal sufficient statistic, useful in inferential problems, is also obtained. A result of Basu is deduced as a particular case.
Global dynamics of a delayed predator–prey model with stage structure for the predator and the prey

A delayed predator–prey system with Holling type II functional response and stage structure for both the predator and the prey is investigated. By analyzing the corresponding characteristic equations, the local stability of each feasible equilibrium of the system is discussed, and the existence of a Hopf bifurcation at the coexistence equilibrium is established. By means of the persistence theory for infinite dimensional systems, it is proven that the system is permanent if the coexistence equilibrium exists. By using suitable Lyapunov functions and the LaSalle invariant principle, it is shown that the trivial equilibrium is globally stable when both the predator–extinction equilibrium and the coexistence equilibrium do not exist, and that the predator–extinction equilibrium is globally stable when the coexistence equilibrium does not exist. Further, sufficient conditions are obtained for the global stability of the coexistence equilibrium. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the main theoretical results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Isolated Gate Driver Power Supply Method for Self-Powered SiC DC Solid-State Switch Using Thermoelectric Generation

DC switches using power electronics technology are increasingly used in dc power systems. Unlike other typical power electronic equipment, it is difficult for the dc switch to acquire energy from the primary circuit in the long-term closure state without di/dt or potential difference. As a result, the gate drivers of the devices in dc switches can only be powered from the ground via a complicated and expensive secondary isolation power supply system. This letter proposes a novel isolated gate driver power supply method based on thermoelectric generation for SiC dc switches. By utilizing the unique high operating temperature of wide-bandgap devices, self-power generation can be achieved through the temperature difference between the device and the environment even without di/dt or voltage difference. Following the comprehensive integration of the thermoelectric generator and the radiator, a 1.7-kV/400-A dc switch prototype capable of long-term steady self-power supply is developed, proving the efficacy of the proposed method.
An Analysis of Transformations Revisited, Rebutted

Abstract : In a paper written in 1964, Box and Cox described a method for estimating transformations and showed how in suitable cases valuable increases in simplicity and efficiency were possible. Since that time, this technique has enjoyed wide practical use and considerable success. However, a recent theoretical paper by Bickel and Doksum (1981) seems to suggest that serious dangers are associated with the employment of this method, and speaks of 'instability' and 'cost' of estimation of the transformation. These difficulties seem to be associated with (1) examples which common sense would rule out, namely situations where the effect of transformation on the data is almost linear, so that it is a matter of indifference which transformation is used; (2) the idea that it makes sense to state conclusions in terms of a number measured on an arbitrary scale; (3) failure to take proper account of the Jacobian of the transformation.
Complex complete synchronization of two nonidentical hyperchaotic complex nonlinear systems

In this paper, we introduce the definition of complex complete synchronization (CCS) of hyperchaotic complex nonlinear systems that have not been introduced recently in the literature. This type of synchronization can study only for complex nonlinear systems. On the basis of Lyapunov function, a scheme is designed to achieve the CCS of two nonidentical hyperchaotic attractors of these systems. The effectiveness of the obtained results is illustrated by a simulation example. Numerical results are plotted to show state variables, modules errors, and phases errors of these hyperchaotic attractors after synchronization to prove that CCS is achieved. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereonet Data from Terrestrial Laser Scanner Point Clouds

Abstract In order to assess the stability of a rock slope, it is essential to characterise rock discontinuities at the exposed rock face. Conventionally, a field engineer will use simple instruments (compass and clinometer) to take a limited number of measurements of dip angle (DA) and dip direction (DD) directly on the rock face. This data is then entered into an analysis system and is presented as a stereonet. The accuracy of the analysis is limited by how representative of the whole slope the DA and DD data is. If there are inaccessible areas of the slope it cannot be used in the analysis. Through the generation of a “point cloud”, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has the ability to map entire rock faces without contact. This paper presents a strategy for extracting DA and DD data from a point cloud using Cyclone software. The strategy was tested by comparing the stereonet of a slope produced by both conventional (manual) and TLS survey. It was found that the TLS derived data was as accurate as, and more precise than, the manual measurements and provided more information and improved the stereonet analysis compared to that of the conventional survey.
The 2017 United States Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation for Thyroid Cancer Screening Is No Longer the Gold Standard

Corresponding author: Ka Hee Yi Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 07061, Korea Tel: +82-2-870-3864, Fax: +82-2-870-3866, E-mail: khyi@snu.ac. kr Copyright © 2023 Korean Endocrine Society This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The 2017 United States Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation for Thyroid Cancer Screening Is No Longer the Gold Standard
Effect of Cooling Injection on Transonic Tip Flows

In this paper, the effect of cooling injection on the aerodynamics of tip flows in transonic turbines is investigated. Experiments are performed using an idealized model of a transonic tip flow. Schlieren photography, probe, and surface pressure measurements are used to determine the transonic tip flow structure and to validate the computational method. Computational simulations are performed to investigate the effects of cooling injection in a transonic blade environment. The results show that cooling injection has the potential to reduce overtip leakage loss.
Interfacial Shear Strength of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Cement Composites from Molecular Dynamics and Finite Element Studies

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanometer-sized structures that can be used to reinforce cement matrices. The extent to which the mechanical properties are improved depends on the interfacial characteristics of the resulting materials, that is, on the interactions established between the CNTs and the cement. The experimental characterization of these interfaces is still impeded by technical limitations. The use of simulation methods has a great potential to give information about systems lacking experimental information. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) and molecular mechanics (MM) were used in conjunction with finite element simulations to study the interfacial shear strength (ISS) of a structure formed by a pristine single-walled CNT (SWCNT) inserted in a tobermorite crystal. The results show that, for a constant SWCNT length, ISS values increase when the SWCNT radius increases, while for a constant SWCNT radius, shorter lengths enhance ISS values.