Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Natural killer cells direct hemochorial placentation by regulating hypoxia-inducible factor dependent trophoblast lineage decisions

Natural killer (NK) cells are recruited into the uterine stroma during establishment of the hemochorial placenta and are proposed regulators of uterine spiral artery remodeling. Failures in uterine spiral artery remodeling are linked to diseases of pregnancy. This prompted an investigation of the involvement of NK cells in placentation. NK cell depletion decreased the delivery of proangiogenic factors and delayed uterine spiral artery development, leading to decreased oxygen tension at the placentation site, stabilized hypoxia-inducible factor 1A protein, and redirected trophoblast differentiation to an invasive phenotype. Trophoblast cells replaced the endothelium of uterine spiral arteries extending the depth of the placental vascular bed and accelerating vessel remodeling. Hypoxia-regulated trophoblast lineage decisions, including expansion of invasive trophoblast, could be reproduced in vitro by using rat trophoblast stem cells and were dependent on hypoxia-inducible factor signaling. We conclude that NK cells guide hemochorial placentation through controlling a hypoxia-sensitive adaptive reflex regulating trophoblast lineage decisions.
HindEnCorp - Hindi-English and Hindi-only Corpus for Machine Translation

We present HindEnCorp, a parallel corpus of Hindi and English, and HindMonoCorp, a monolingual corpus of Hindi in their release version 0.5. Both corpora were collected from web sources and preprocessed primarily for the training of statistical machine translation systems. HindEnCorp consists of 274k parallel sentences (3.9 million Hindi and 3.8 million English tokens). HindMonoCorp amounts to 787 million tokens in 44 million sentences. Both the corpora are freely available for non-commercial research and their preliminary release has been used by numerous participants of the WMT 2014 shared translation task.
Exercise and adolescent mental health: new evidence from longitudinal data.

BACKGROUND Recent U.S. government recommendations state that increased physical activity can substantially improve adolescent psychological well-being. However, many of the studies upon which this conclusion is based did not adequately address the role of difficult-to-measure factors that could be correlated with both physical activity and adolescent mental health. AIM OF THE STUDY The primary aim of this study is to estimate the effect of physical activity on adolescent psychological well-being controlling for the influence of unmeasured school- and individual-level confounding factors. METHODOLOGY Drawing on data from the first two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we use ordinary least squares to estimate the effect of physical activity and hours of inactivity on two psychometrically sound measures of psychological well-being (the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale). Next, we add school fixed effects and then individual fixed effects to the estimating equation in order to control for difficult-to-measure factors that could be correlated with both physical activity and adolescent mental health. RESULTS Ordinary least squares (OLS) estimates show that a higher frequency of moderate or physical exercise is associated with improved psychological well-being for adolescents. This result is robust to the inclusion of school fixed effects, but when we control for fixed individual heterogeneity by first-differencing the data, the estimated effects of physical activity on depression and self-esteem decline sharply, often becoming small in magnitude or statistically indistinguishable from zero. We conclude that OLS estimates of the effect of physical activity on emotional health may be biased upwards. LIMITATIONS While the nationally representative panel data we use is a rich source of information on mental health, our measure of physical activity is limited in that it fails to capture total time spent exercising. Moreover, while our statistical approach controls for time-invariant unobservables, we cannot rule out the possibility of time-varying unobserved confounders. IMPLICATIONS Although policy interventions designed to promote more exercise among youths may have important physical health benefits, our findings suggest that the short-run emotional benefits are likely small and concentrated at higher frequencies of physical activity. FUTURE RESEARCH To enhance the internal validity of research in this area, future work could tackle the difficult challenge of identifying exogenous variation in physical exercise using a natural experiment approach.
Discovering and Modelling Multiple Interests of Users in Collaborative Tagging Systems

We analyse data obtained from several collaborative tagging systems and discover that user interests can be very diverse. Traditional methods for representing interests of users are usually not able to reflect such diversity. We propose a method to construct user profiles of multiple interests using data in a collaborative tagging system. Our evaluation suggests that the proposed method is able to generate user profiles which reflect the diversity of user interests and can be used to help provide more focused recommendation.
Current philosophy in the surgical management of neck metastases for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Neck dissection is an important treatment for metastases from upper aerodigestive carcinoma; an event that markedly reduces survival. Since its inception, the philosophy of the procedure has undergone significant change from one of radicalism to the current conservative approach. Furthermore, nonsurgical modalities have been introduced, and, in many situations, have supplanted neck surgery. The refinements of imaging the neck based on the concept of neck level involvement has encouraged new philosophies to evolve that seem to benefit patient outcomes particularly as this relates to diminished morbidity. The purpose of this review was to highlight the new paradigms for surgical removal of neck metastases using an evidence‐based approach. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 915–926, 2015
Communicative Interaction in American Sign Language between Deaf Mothers and Their Deaf Children: A Psycholinguistic Analysis.

This study investigates thP communicative interaction process between two profoundly deaf mothers and their profoundly deaf children who use American Sign Language to communicate. The hypothesis that deaf rthers modify their language when directly addressing their children in the same fashion that hearing mothers do is explored. Utterances containing POINTing behaviors and Modulated Verbs were isolated for examination to illustrate this process because of their profound significance in the structure of American Sign Language and in the developmental course of acquisition in 2! oung deaf children. The underlying hypothesis that deaf mothers will modify and simplify their language in conversation vith their deaf babies is clearly supported by data in this study and is described in detail in the Results section. Evidence is presented in phonological, semantic, sntactic and pragmatic domains. The children's data in the present study are in complete agreement with the previous reports that young developing signers do not
F actin bundles in Drosophila bristles. I. Two filament cross-links are involved in bundling

Transverse sections though Drosophila bristles reveal 7-11 nearly round, plasma membrane-associated bundles of actin filaments. These filaments are hexagonally packed and in a longitudinal section they show a 12-nm periodicity in both the 1.1 and 1.0 views. From earlier studies this periodicity is attributable to cross-links and indicates that the filaments are maximally cross-linked, singed mutants also have 7-11 bundles, but the bundles are smaller, flattened, and the filaments within the bundles are randomly packed (not hexagonal); no periodicity can be detected in longitudinal sections. Another mutant, forked (f36a), also has 7-11 bundles but even though the bundles are very small, the filaments within them are hexagonally packed and display a 12-nm periodicity in longitudinal section. The singed-forked double mutant lacks filament bundles. Thus there are at least two species of cross-links between adjacent actin filaments. Hints of why two species of cross-links are necessary can be gleaned by studying bristle formation. Bristles sprout with only microtubules within them. A little later in development actin filaments appear. At early stages the filaments in the bundles are randomly packed. Later the filaments in the bundles become hexagonally packed and maximally cross-linked. We consider that the forked proteins may be necessary early in development to tie the filaments together in a bundle so that they can be subsequently zippered together by fascin (the singed gene product).
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Exenatide Increases Capillary Perfusion Independent of Nitric Oxide in Healthy Overweight Men

Objective—The insulinotropic gut–derived hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) increases capillary perfusion via a nitric oxide–dependent mechanism in rodents. This improves skeletal muscle glucose use and cardiac function. In humans, the effect of clinically used GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on capillary density is unknown. We aimed to assess the effects of the GLP-1RA exenatide on capillary density as well as the involvement of nitric oxide in humans. Approach and Results—We included 10 healthy overweight men (age, 20–27 years; body mass index, 26–31 kg/m2). Measurements were performed during intravenous infusion of placebo (saline 0.9%), exenatide, and a combination of exenatide and the nonselective nitric oxide–synthase inhibitor L-NG-monomethyl arginine. Capillary videomicroscopy was performed, and baseline and postocclusive (peak) capillary densities were counted. Compared with placebo, exenatide increased baseline and peak capillary density by 20.1% and 8.3%, respectively (both P=0.016). Concomitant L-NG-monomethyl arginine infusion did not alter the effects of exenatide. Vasomotion was assessed using laser Doppler fluxmetry. Exenatide nonsignificantly reduced the neurogenic domain of vasomotion measurements (R=−5.6%; P=0.092), which was strongly and inversely associated with capillary perfusion (R=−0.928; P=0.036). Glucose levels were reduced during exenatide infusion, whereas levels of insulin were unchanged. Conclusions—Acute exenatide infusion increases capillary perfusion via nitric oxide–independent pathways in healthy overweight men, suggesting direct actions of this GLP-1RA on microvascular perfusion or interaction with vasoactive factors.
A Survey of Componentwise Perturbation Theory in Numerical Linear Algebra

Perturbation bounds in numerical linear algebra are traditionally derived and expressed using norms. Norm bounds cannot reflect the scaling or sparsity of a problem and its perturbation, and so can be unduly weak. If the problem data and its perturbation are measured componentwise, much smaller and more revealing bounds can be obtained. A survey is given of componentwise perturbation theory in numerical linear algebra, covering linear systems, the matrix inverse, matrix factorizations, the least squares problem, and the eigenvalue and singular value problems. Most of the results described have been published in the last five years. Our hero is the intrepid, yet sensitive matrix A. Our villain is E, who keeps perturbing A. When A is perturbed he puts on a crumpled hat: e A = A + E. G. W. Stewart and J.-G. Sun, Matrix Perturbation Theory (1990)
PERISHABLE INVENTORY PROBLEM WITH TWO TYPES OF CUSTOMERS AND DIFFERENT SELLING PRICES

This paper discusses an inventory control model for a single perishable product with two types of customers and different selling prices. This model is a one period horizon model and a generalization of Nahmias model (2) and Nose, et al. model (6). Especially the model takes sensitive customers to freshness of commodities into consideration and treats two types of customers. Moreover, in the model there exist different. selling prices according to t.he remruning lifetime of commodity to be sold. In the situation, an optimal ordering policy to maximize the expected profit is derived.
Losartan potassium/hydrochlorothiazide (Preminent®) and hyponatremia: Case series of 40 patients

The clinical course of losartan potassium/hydrochlorothiazide (Preminent®)-induced hyponatremia has not been described. We summarized 40 patients with Preminent-induced hyponatremia. The study involved 15 (37.5%) men and 25 (62.5%) women (mean age [SD], 76.4 [8.3] years; range, 55–95). Their sodium levels before Preminent administration were 139.5 (4.9) mEq/L (range, 131–145; reference range, 135–147). The duration from the day of Preminent administration to the day with the lowest sodium level was 59.3 (64.9) days (range, 2–207; median, 24). Most patients for whom this duration was <50 days exhibited progressive symptoms, whereas most of those for whom this duration was >50 days did not exhibit progressive symptoms but exhibited symptoms after fever or appetite loss. The lowest sodium value was 114.4 (8.2) mEq/L (range, 99–133). The duration from the time of Preminent discontinuation to (1) the time of early recovery and (2) the time of final recovery was 6.8 (5.5) days (range, 1–20; median, 5) and 11.6 (7.6) days (range, 2–29; median, 7.5), respectively. Of the 40 patients, 36 (90.0%) achieved full recovery, 1 (2.5%) suffered from after-effects due to central pontine myelinolysis, 1 (2.5%) died, and 2 (5.0%) were unknown. In the analysis of other adverse effects of Preminent and the same adverse effects of other three angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)/thiazide combinations, hyponatremia was observed as a primary adverse effect of all ARB/thiazide combinations. However, hyperesthesia dermatitis was reported as an adverse effect of Preminent only.
Nonlinear Time-Domain Strip Theory Formulation for Low-Speed Manoeuvring and Station-Keeping

This paper presents a computer effective nonlinear time-domain strip theory formulation for dynamic positioning (DP) and low-speed manoeuvring. Strip theory or 2D potential theory, where the ship is divided in 20 to 30 cross sections, can be used to compute the potential coefficients (added mass and potential damping) and the exciting wave loads (Froude-Krylov and diffraction forces). Commercially available programs are ShipX (VERES) by Marintek (Fathi, 2004) and SEAWAY by Amarcon (Journee & Adegeest, 2003), for instance. The proposed method can easily be extended to utilize other strip theory formulations or 3-D potential programs like WAMIT (2004). The frequency dependent potential damping, which in classic theory results in a convolution integral not suited for real-time simulation, is compactly represented by using the state-space formulation of Kristiansen & Egeland (2003). The separation of the vessel model into a low-frequency model (represented by zero- frequency added mass and damping) and a wave-frequency model (represented by motion transfer functions or RAOs), which is commonly used for simulation, is hence made superfluous. Transformations of motions and coefficients between different coordinate systems and origins, i.e. data frame, hydrodynamic frame, body frame, inertial frame etc., are put into the rigid framework of Fossen (1994, 2002). The kinematic equations of motion are formulated in a compact nonlinear vector representation and the classical kinematic assumption that the Euler angles are small is removed. This is important for computation of accurate control forces at higher roll and pitch angles. The hydrodynamic forces in the steadily translating hydrodynamic reference frame (equilibrium axes) are, however, assumed tobe linear. Recipes for computation of retardation functions are presented and frequency dependent viscous damping is included. Emphasis is placed on numerical computations and representation of the data from VERES and SEAWAY in Matlab/Simulink. For this purpose a Simulink add-in to the Marine Systems Simulator (MSS) at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology has been developed (Fossen et al., 2004).
Optimal Power Allocation for Type II H-ARQ via Geometric Programming

In mobile wireless data communications, it is very important to reduce the average energy consumption while maintaining a target frame-error-rate (FER) and frame latency. These goals can be achieved by means of Hybrid–ARQ (re)transmission power control. By allocating different symbol energy for each (re)transmission, the average energy consumption can be optimized. For a type-II Hybrid–ARQ scheme over an i.i. d. Rayleigh block fading channel, we show that the above optimization can be formulated and solved as a geometric programming problem. For the special case of two (re)transmissions, the optimal power allocation can also be analytically derived. For a Rate Compatible Punctured Convolutional (RCPC) code, our simulation results show that a gain up to 4dB can be achieved at a target FER of 1E-4 with the optimized power allocation scheme.
On optimum time division multiple access for energy harvesting channels

In this paper, we consider a multiple access channel, where multiple users equipped with energy harvesting batteries communicate to an access point. The users are supposed to share the channel via Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA). In many existing works, it is commonly assumed that the users' energy harvesting processes and storage status are known to all the users before transmissions. In practice, such knowledge may not be readily available. To avoid excessive overhead for realtime information exchange, we consider the scenario where the users schedule their individual transmissions according to the users' statistical energy harvesting profiles. We first show that in the case when each node has an infinite-capacity battery, equal-power TDMA is optimal for throughput maximization. Using Markov chain modeling, we then study the system performance for the finite-capacity battery case under the equal-power TDMA framework. We also consider an equal-time TDMA scheme, which assigns equal-length subslots to each user. It is found that equal-power TDMA always outperforms equal-time TDMA in the infinite-capacity battery case, while equal-time TDMA exhibits compatible or even slightly better performance in some scenarios when the batteries have finite capacities.
Can We Do Trigonometry Qualitatively ?

This paper proposes fuzzy qualitative representation of trigonometry (FQT) in order to bridge the gap between qualitative and quantitative representation of physical systems using Trigonometry. Fuzzy qualitative coordinates are defined by replacing a unit circle with a fuzzy qualitative circle; the Cartesian translation and orientation are replaced by their fuzzy membership functions. Trigonometric functions, rules and the extensions to triangles in Euclidean space are converted into their counterparts in fuzzy qualitative coordinates using fuzzy logic and qualitative reasoning techniques. We developed a MATLAB toolbox XTrig in terms of 4-tuple fuzzy numbers to demonstrate the characteristics of the FQT. This approach addresses a representation transformation interface to connect qualitative and quantitative descriptions of trigonometry-related systems (e.g., robotic systems).
Managing intellectual property in inter-firm R&D collaborations in knowledge-intensive industries

Managing intellectual property plays a crucial role in a collaborative innovation environment by providing legal protection, especially when supporting factual protection strategies that enable profits from temporary monopolies. However, legal protection strategies are a novelty in emerging business fields, such as the knowledge-intensive industry sector, as innovation and value creation are shifting towards service innovations that are difficult to tackle by legal protection instruments. The ways in which intellectual property can be managed in such an environment is, therefore, the subject of this research that follows a multiple-case design. Four dominant patterns get identified, discussed and summarised with respect to the collaborative knowledge-intensive industry environment: (1) multiplicator, (2) leverager, (3) absorber, (4) filtrator.
Phosphopantetheinyl transferase inhibition and secondary metabolism

Efforts to isolate carrier protein‐mediated synthases from natural product‐producing organisms using reporter‐linked post‐translational modification have been complicated by the efficiency of the endogenous process. To address this issue, we chose to target endogenous phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPTases) for inhibitor design to facilitate natural product synthase isolation through a chemical genetics approach. Herein we validate secondary metabolism‐associated PPTase for chemical probe development. We synthesized and evaluated a panel of compounds based on the anthranilate 4H‐oxazol‐5‐one pharmacophore previously described to attenuate PPTase activity within bacterial cultures. Through the use of a new high‐throughput Förster resonance energy transfer assay, we demonstrated that these compounds exclusively inhibit fatty acid synthase‐specific PPTases. In vivo, a lead compound within this panel demonstrated selective antibiotic activity in a Bacillus subtilis model. Further evaluation demonstrated that the compound enhances actinorhodin production in Streptomyces coelicolor, revealing the ability of this class of molecules to stimulate precocious secondary metabolite production.
Parents' perspectives on occupational therapy and physical therapy goals for children with cerebral palsy

Contemporary rehabilitation literature emphasises functional goals for children with disabilities and use of a collaborative goal-setting process grounded in principles of family centred service delivery. Purpose. To explore parents' experiences with goals and goal setting. Method. We conducted a qualitative study with 11 focus groups and two individual interviews with 39 parents of children with cerebral palsy living in western Canada. We used an inductive, thematic analysis to identify prominent themes. Results. The analysis revealed five themes representing goals that were meaningful to parents and provided insight into parents' experiences with goal-setting processes in occupational and physical therapy: (1) movement as the means to functional success; (2) physical health and fitness are important therapy goals; (3) the importance of leading happy, fulfilling lives and being accepted by others; (4) ‘We can't do it all’: balancing therapy with the demands of everyday life; and (5) shifting roles and responsibilities in goal setting. Conclusions. The variability noted both in parents' desired role in goal setting and in goals important to parents highlights the importance of establishing trusting relationships with families so that family goals, values, individual circumstances, and desired level of participation in goal setting can be openly discussed.