Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein 3C modulates transcription through interaction with the sequence-specific DNA-binding protein J kappa

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear protein 3C (EBNA 3C) is essential for EBV-mediated transformation of primary B lymphocytes, is turned on by EBNA 2, and regulates transcription of some of the viral and cellular genes which are regulated by EBNA 2. EBNA 2 is targeted to response elements by binding to the DNA sequence-specific, transcriptional repressor protein J kappa. We now show that EBNA 3C also binds to J kappa. EBNA 3C causes J kappa to not bind DNA or EBNA 2. J kappa DNA binding activity in EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cells is consequently reduced. More than 10% of the EBNA 3C coimmunoprecipitated with J kappa from extracts of non-EBV-infected B lymphoblasts that had been stably converted to EBNA 3C expression. EBNA 3C in nuclear extracts from these cells (or in vitro-translated EBNA 3C) prevented J kappa from interacting with a high-affinity DNA binding site. Under conditions of transient overexpression in B lymphoblasts, EBNA 2 and EBNA 3C associated with J kappa and less EBNA 2 associated with J kappa when EBNA 3C was coexpressed in the same cell. EBNA 3C had no effect on the activity of a -512/+40 LMP1 promoter-CAT reporter construct that has two upstream J kappa sites, but it did inhibit EBNA 2 transactivation of this promoter. These data are compatible with a role for EBNA 3C as a "feedback" down modulator of EBNA 2-mediated transactivation. EBNA 3C could, in theory, also activate transcription by inhibiting the interaction of the J kappa repressor with its cognate DNA. The interaction of two viral transcriptional regulators with the same cell protein may reflect an unusually high level of complexity or stringency in target gene regulation.
Capitalist and Socialist Responses to the Ecological Crisis

The global ecological crisis sprang forth full-blown at roughly the same historical moment that global capital—welcoming the collapse of the Soviet bloc and the decay of the revolutionary process in China—was claiming a definitive victory over socialism. The irony of this historic convergence lies in the fact that there could be no more decisive a refutation of capitalist precepts than their long-term incompatibility with species-survival This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website , where most recent articles are published in full. Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Analysis of Peer-to-Peer Traffic Using a Behavioural Method Based on Entropy

The increasing number of applications offering their services over peer-to-peer (P2P) platforms is changing the properties of the traffic within computer networks. Their massive use raises a few imperative challenges for network administrators and Internet service providers, regarding the quality of service and security of their networks. It such scenario, it is important to develop mechanisms to control and efficiently manage the P2P traffic and prepare the networks to support it, for which it is necessary to study the effect of P2P applications in the traffic of computer networks and to develop methodologies to characterise its behaviour. In this paper, the characteristics of the traffic generated by P2P applications are analysed from the behavioural point of view, and entropy is used to measure the heterogeneity embedded in the packet sizes. The results obtained show evident difference between P2P and non-P2P traffic, being the proposed approach applicable to real-time and high-speed networks with encrypted P2P traffic, where the existing methodologies are useless.
Learning Control Knowledge for Forward Search Planning

A number of today's state-of-the-art planners are based on forward state-space search. The impressive performance can be attributed to progress in computing domain independent heuristics that perform well across many domains. However, it is easy to find domains where such heuristics provide poor guidance, leading to planning failure. Motivated by such failures, the focus of this paper is to investigate mechanisms for learning domain-specific knowledge to better control forward search in a given domain. While there has been a large body of work on inductive learning of control knowledge for AI planning, there is a void of work aimed at forward-state-space search. One reason for this may be that it is challenging to specify a knowledge representation for compactly representing important concepts across a wide range of domains. One of the main contributions of this work is to introduce a novel feature space for representing such control knowledge. The key idea is to define features in terms of information computed via relaxed plan extraction, which has been a major source of success for non-learning planners. This gives a new way of leveraging relaxed planning techniques in the context of learning. Using this feature space, we describe three forms of control knowledge---reactive policies (decision list rules and measures of progress) and linear heuristics---and show how to learn them and incorporate them into forward state-space search. Our empirical results show that our approaches are able to surpass state-of-the-art non-learning planners across a wide range of planning competition domains.
Introduction: Internationalisation of Higher Education in (South) Africa

Africa is a complex continent. Since gaining political emancipation, the continent is characterised by poverty, debt, low per capita income, environmental degradation, political instability, and diminishing state capacity, all of which make developmental dilemmas all the more excruciating and traumatic (Enteffar, 2003). The complexity is compounded by the fact that even Africans fail to grasp either the extraordinary range of cultural, political, and economic diversity or the immense size and challenges of the African continent—so large that the whole of China, the continental United States, Europe, Argentina, India, and New Zealand can fit within its boundaries. The continent is made up of 53 countries with a population of more than 700 million people. In the context of the new realties of the 21st century, the debate will no doubt be to determine whether the powerful forces of globalisation will contribute to African development or be constrained by the structural adjustment conditionalities of the International Monetary Fund/World Bank, the rules of the World Trade Organisation, and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) that adopts the notion that “there is no other alternative. ” This special edition of the journal will examine international education in Africa and its role in shaping the forces of globalisation, especially the ability to generate and use knowledge to contribute to sustainable development for the betterment of African society. At the inaugural Global Leaders Forum on International Education, held in Melbourne, Australia, in October 2003, there was acknowledgement and discussion of the general and widespread rise in discontent with concepts and out-
Microtubule sliding in mutant Chlamydomonas axonemes devoid of outer or inner dynein arms

To clarify the functional differentiation between the outer and inner dynein arms in eukaryotic flagella, their mechanochemical properties were assessed by measuring the sliding velocities of outer-doublet microtubules in disintegrating axonemes of Chlamydomonas, using wild- type and mutant strains that lack either of the arms. A special procedure was developed to induce sliding disintegration in Chlamydomonas axonemes which is difficult to achieve by ordinary methods. The flagella were first fragmented by sonication, demembranated by Nonidet P-40, and then perfused under a microscope with Mg-ATP and nagarse, a bacterial protease with broad substrate specificity. The sliding velocity varied with the Mg-ATP concentration in a Michaelis-Menten manner in the axonemes from the wild type and a motile mutant lacking the outer dynein arm (oda38). The maximal sliding velocity and apparent Michaelis constant for Mg-ATP were measured to be 13.2 +/- 1.0 micron/s and 158 +/- 36 microM for the wild type and 2.0 +/- 0.1 micron/s and 64 +/- 18 microM for oda38. These maximal sliding velocities were significantly smaller than those estimated in beating axonemes; the reason is not clear. The velocities in the presence or absence of 10(-5) M Ca2+ did not differ noticeably. The axonemes of nonmotile mutants lacking either outer arms (pf13A, pf22) or inner arms (pf23) were examined for their ability to undergo sliding disintegration in the presence of 0.1 mM Mg-ATP. Whereas pf13A axonemes underwent normal sliding disintegration, the other two species displayed it only very poorly. The poor ability of pf23 axonemes to undergo sliding disintegration raises the possibility that the outer dynein arm cannot function well in the absence of the inner arm.
A near-optimal centroids initialization in K-means algorithm using bees algorithm

The K-mean algorithm is one of the popular clustering techniques.The algorithm requires user to state and initialize centroid values of each group in advance. This creates problem for novice users especially to those who have no or little knowledge on the data.Trial-error attempt might be one of the possible preference to deal with this issue.In this paper, an optimization algorithm inspired from the bees foraging activities is used to locate near-optimal centroid of a given data set.Result shows that propose approached prove it robustness and competence in finding a near optimal centroid on both synthetic and real data sets.
Relevant/Irrelevant Meanings of Topic and Vehicle in Metaphor Comprehension

Meaning activation and suppression are used for metaphor comprehension, especially for the categorization, which is related to the vehicle's conventionality and metaphor's interactivity. In the categorization, the vehicle in a metaphor activates the metaphor-relevant meaning, but suppresses the metaphor-irrelevant meaning. However, the relationships between the strength of activation/suppression and the factors that predict the categorization have not been sufficiently examined. In addition, the previous studies did not show the meaning process of topic in metaphor comprehension. Our two experiments examined the meaning process of both topic and vehicle in metaphor comprehension by using a priming method and a meaningfulness decision task. Our experiments revealed that only the highly interactive metaphor with highly conventional vehicle activates the metaphor-relevant meaning in the vehicle, but that all metaphors suppress the metaphor-irrelevant meaning. We also revealed that the topic both as metaphor-relevant meaning and as metaphor-irrelevant meaning is activated in metaphor comprehension.
Pseudorandom Rounding for Truncated Multipliers

An economical, unbiased, overflow-free rounding scheme for multiplication of multiple-precision floating-point numbers is proposed. The scheme, called pseudorandom rounding, saves multiplications of lower bits and makes use of statistical properties of bits around the least significant bit of products in order to compensate for truncated parts. The method is deterministic, and inputs are commutable. The validity of the rounding is verified by numerical simulation. >
The cognitive interview technique: Reviving the issues

The cognitive interview technique (CI) has received considerable attention as one of the most successful interview techniques applied to real-life investigations, particularly police investigations. Although the general effects of CI are well documented, there are grounds for critical assessment. In this paper the theoretical principles behind the cognitive components of CI are provided. Variables that have been manipulated will be reviewed, as will conditions under which CI has been studied. The intention is to generalize across the major studies of CI and explore what patterns are present in the data. Issues are introduced that attempt to refine the theoretical underpinnings of CI, and provide direction for research
Provably Correct Control-Flow Graphs from Java Programs with Exceptions

We present an algorithm to extract flow graphs from Java bytecode, focusing on exceptional control flows. We prove its correctness, meaning that the behaviour of the extracted control-flow graph is an over-approximation of the behaviour of the original program. Thus any safety property that holds for the extracted control-flow graph also holds for the original program. This makes control-flow graphs suitable for performing different static analyses. For precision and efficiency, the extraction is performed in two phases. In the first phase the program is transformed into a BIR program, where BIR is a stack-less intermediate representation of Java bytecode; in the second phase the control-flow graph is extracted from the BIR representation. To prove the correctness of the two-phase extraction, we also define a direct extraction algorithm, whose correctness can be proven immediately. Then we show that the behaviour of the control-flow graph extracted via the intermediate representation is an over-approximation of the behaviour of the directly extracted graphs, and thus of the original program.
Properties of Newly-Synthesized Cationic Semi-Interpenetrating Hydrogels Containing Either Hyaluronan or Chondroitin Sulfate in a Methacrylic Matrix

Extracellular matrix components such as hyaluronan (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) were combined with a synthetic matrix of p(HEMA-co-METAC) (poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-co-2-methacryloxyethyltrimethylammonium)) at 1% and 2% w/w concentration following a previously developed procedure. The resulting semi-interpenetrating hydrogels were able to extensively swell in water incrementing their dry weight up to 13 fold depending on the glycosamminoglycan content and nature. When swollen in physiological solution, materials water uptake significantly decreased, and the differences in swelling capability became negligible. In physiological conditions, HA was released from the materials up to 38%w/w while CS was found almost fully retained. Materials were not cytotoxic and a biological evaluation, performed using 3T3 fibroblasts and an original time lapse videomicroscopy station, revealed their appropriateness for cell adhesion and proliferation. Slight differences observed in the morphology of adherent cells suggested a better performance of CS containing hydrogels.
Automatic Ontology Population by Googling

We discuss a method to populate ontologies with the use of googled text fragments. We populate an ontology by the use of hand-crafted domain-specific relation patterns, which can be seen as a generalization of Hearst patterns. The algorithm described uses instances of some class returned by Google to find instances of other classes. A case study on populating an ontology on the movie domain is presented as an illustration of the method. We present the algorithm in detail and discuss the results of our work.
Enteral versus parenteral nutrition for acute pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis creates a catabolic stress state promoting a systemic inflammatory response and nutritional deterioration. Adequate supply of nutrients plays an important role to ensure optimum recovery. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been the standard practice for providing exogenous nutrients to patients with severe acute pancreatitis. However, recent data suggest that enteral nutrition (EN) is feasible. Thus, a comparison of EN and TPN in patients with acute pancreatitis needs to be made. OBJECTIVES To compare the effect of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) versus enteral nutrition (EN) on mortality, morbidity and length of hospital stay in patient with acute pancreatitis. SEARCH STRATEGY Trials were identified by computerized searches of The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. Additional studies were identified and included where relevant by searching Scisearch, the bibliographies of review articles and identified trials, and personal files. The search was undertaken in August, 2000 and updated in September 2002. No language restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized clinical trials, in which nutrition support with TPN were compared to EN in patients with acute pancreatitis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently abstracted data and assessed trial quality. Information was collected on death, length of hospital stay, systemic infection, local septic complications, and other local complications. MAIN RESULTS Two trials with a total of 70 participants were included. The relative risk (RR) for death with EN vs TPN was 0.56 (95% CI 0.05 to 5.62). Mean length of hospital stay was reduced with EN (WMD -2.20, 95% CI -3.62 to -0.78). RR for systemic infection with EN vs TPN was 0.61 (95% CI 0.29 to 1.28). In one trial, RR for local septic complications and other local complications with EN vs TPN was 0.56 (95% CI 0.12 to 2.68) and 0.16 (95% CI 0.01 to 2.86) respectively. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Although there is a trend towards reductions in the adverse outcomes of acute pancreatitis after administration of EN, clearly there are insufficient data to draw firm conclusions about the effectiveness and safety of EN versus TPN. Further trials are required with sufficient size to account for clinical heterogeneity and to measure all relevant outcomes.
Coworker reactions to observing sexual behavior at work

Purpose – The goal of the present research is to investigate the association between observing consensual sexual behavior at work (e.g. flirting, joking) and job outcomes – specifically, job satisfaction and turnover intentions.Design/methodology/approach – Questionnaires were administered about observed consensual sexual behavior and job attitudes in two separate studies of working adults. Participants in Study 1 were 113 workers from 33 workplaces in the Midwestern USA; participants in Study 2 were 242 adults working in a variety of industries.Findings – In support of the hypotheses, results from Study 1 indicated that employees who observed more sexual behavior at work reported lower job satisfaction. Study 2 replicated this result, but only for female employees. Observed sexual behavior at work was positively related to turnover intentions for both genders.Research limitations/implications – In both studies, the research design was cross‐sectional, which prohibits causal inferences about the data. Sec.
Roles of BOR2, a Boron Exporter, in Cross Linking of Rhamnogalacturonan II and Root Elongation under Boron Limitation in Arabidopsis1[W]

An efflux-type boron transporter facilitates efficient borate cross-linking of rhamnogalacturonan II in cell walls and root cell elongation under boron deficiency. Boron (B) is required for cross linking of the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) and is consequently essential for the maintenance of cell wall structure. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BOR1 is an efflux B transporter for xylem loading of B. Here, we describe the roles of BOR2, the most similar paralog of BOR1. BOR2 encodes an efflux B transporter localized in plasma membrane and is strongly expressed in lateral root caps and epidermis of elongation zones of roots. Transfer DNA insertion of BOR2 reduced root elongation by 68%, whereas the mutation in BOR1 reduced it by 32% under low B availability (0.1 µm), but the reduction in shoot growth was not as obvious as that in the BOR1 mutant. A double mutant of BOR1 and BOR2 exhibited much more severe growth defects in both roots and shoots under B-limited conditions than the corresponding single mutants. All single and double mutants grew normally under B-sufficient conditions. These results suggest that both BOR1 and BOR2 are required under B limitation and that their roles are, at least in part, different. The total B concentrations in roots of BOR2 mutants were not significantly different from those in wild-type plants, but the proportion of cross-linked RG-II was reduced under low B availability. Such a reduction in RG-II cross linking was not evident in roots of the BOR1 mutant. Thus, we propose that under B-limited conditions, transport of boric acid/borate by BOR2 from symplast to apoplast is required for effective cross linking of RG-II in cell wall and root cell elongation.
MOONLIGHT APPLICATIONS TEST AUTOMATION

Now-a-days web applications are developed by new technologies like Moonlight, Silverlight, JAVAFX, FLEX, etc. Silverlight is Microsoft's cross platform runtime and development technology for running Webbased multimedia applications in windows platform. Moonlight is an open-source implementation of the Silverlight development platform for Linux and other Unix/X11-based operating systems. It is a new technology in . Net 4.0 to develop rich interactive and attractive platform independent web applications. User Interface Test Automation is very essential for Software industries to reduce test time, cost and man power. Moonlight is new . NET technology to develop rich interactive Internet applications with the collaboration of Novel Corporation. Testing these kinds of applications are not so easy to test, especially the User interface test automation is very difficult. Software test automation has the capability to decrease the overall cost of testing and improve software quality, but most testing organizations have not been able to achieve the full potential of test automation. Many groups that implement test automation programs run into a number of common pitfalls. These problems can lead to test automation plans being completely scrapped, with the tools purchased for test automation becoming expensive. Often teams continue their automation effort, burdened with huge costs in maintaining large suites of automated test scripts. This paper will first discuss some of the key benefits of software test automation, and then examine the most common techniques used to implement software test automation of Moonlight Applications Test Automation. It will then discuss test automation and their potential. Finally, it will do test automation.
NEUROMOTOR MATURATION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE: A DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY

Groups of SO normal kindergarten and 50 first‐grade children were examined three times at six‐month intervals on the extended neuromotor examination for children, as well as on measures of reading achievement and language performance. The joint effect of five neuromotor measures accounted for a substantial percentage of variance in reading achievement and language performance 12 months later. As a global measure, neuromotor status therefore may constitute a reliable, independent criterion of developmental age for psychological investigations of young, normal children. The best individual predictors of psychological outcome were mirror movements and speed of timed motor repetitions, while reading achievement and automated naming speed were the dependent measures most closely associated over time with neuromotor status. Such findings suggest that the individual motor signs may also provide indirect clues about the presumed functional relationship between development of motor co‐ordination and language competence.
Efficient production of transgenic cattle by retroviral infection of early embryos

Production of transgenic cattle by microinjection of DNA has been difficult and costly. To explore an alternative method, one‐ to four‐cell bovine embryos were exposed to a replication‐defective retrovirus by microinjection of retrovirus producer cells into the perivitelline space. Embryos were cultured in vitro for 3–4 days, then transferred to recipient cows for further development. Thirteen of 22 embryos recovered at 15 days gestation and each of four fetuses recovered at 90 days gestation were transgenic. Fetuses harbored between 2 and 12 pro‐viruses, and within each fetus, identical patterns of integration were observed in seven tissues tested. Estimates of the number of proviruses per cell suggested that in three of the four fetuses, most, and possibly all, cells were transgenic. This technique should facilitate application of transgenic technology to cattle and other agriculturally important species. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.