Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Types for Lexically-Scoped Access Control

Abstract : We develop a new system for defining and enforcing access control statically. In our system, key-pairs guard access to resources, and the association between key-pairs and resources can be changed at any program point (i.e., the binding is late). Our static system uses an ordering on lexically scoped abstract names to allow local access control policies to be enforced in other parts of a program. In particular this means that individual program components can locally refine access control policies and the policies will be respected by the entire program. The result is a system that can enforce, at compile time, a wide variety of useful, fine-grain access control patterns.
Strategy as Practice: Recursiveness, Adaptation and Strategic Practices-in-use Strategy as Practice: Recursiveness, Adaptation and Strategic Practices-in-use

Aston Business School Research Institute is the administrative centre for all research activities at Aston Business School. The School comprises more than 70 academic staff organised into thematic research groups along with a Doctoral Programme of more than 50 research students. Research is carried out in all of the major areas of business studies and a number of specialist fields. For further information contact: Aston Business School Research Papers are published by the Institute to bring the results of research in progress to a wider audience and to facilitate discussion. They will normally be published in a revised form subsequently and the agreement of the authors should be obtained before referring to its contents in other published works. Strategy as practice: Recursiveness, adaptation and strategic practices-in-use. Abstract In this paper, a social theory framework is developed to explain the common themes of recursive and adaptive practice underpinning existing strategic management literature. In practice, there is a co-existent tension between recursive and adaptive forms of strategic action since both are important to competitive advantage. This tension may be better understood by examining how practitioners use strategic practices, such as management tools and techniques, to put strategy into practice. We exemplify this point with a discussion of how strategic planning may be adapted to the multiple contexts in which it is used. The paper concludes by proposing a research agenda for the study of strategic practices-in-use. Strategy as practice: Recursiveness, adaptation and strategic practices-in-use.
A BRIEF STUDY OF VARIOUS WAVELET FAMILIES AND COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES

Medical image compression is essential for huge database storage in various hospitals and data transfer for diagnosis. Wavelets give one such approach for compression purpose. A wavelet is a wave-like oscillation with an amplitude starts from zero, increases, and then decreases again to zero. Compression techniques are divided into lossless and lossy techniques. Lossless technique involves exact reconstruction of image but poor compression ratio. Lossy technique gives higher compression ratio. This paper outlines wavelets, wavelets families, types of compression techniques
Time-resolved tympanal mechanics of the locust

A salient characteristic of most auditory systems is their capacity to analyse the frequency of sound. Little is known about how such analysis is performed across the diversity of auditory systems found in animals, and especially in insects. In locusts, frequency analysis is primarily mechanical, based on vibrational waves travelling across the tympanal membrane. Different acoustic frequencies generate travelling waves that direct vibrations to distinct tympanal locations, where distinct groups of correspondingly tuned mechanosensory neurons attach. Measuring the mechanical tympanal response, for the first time, to acoustic impulses in the time domain, nanometre-range vibrational waves are characterized with high spatial and temporal resolutions. Conventional Fourier analysis is also used to characterize the response in the frequency domain. Altogether these results show that travelling waves originate from a particular tympanal location and travel across the membrane to generate oscillations in the exact region where mechanosensory neurons attach. Notably, travelling waves are unidirectional; no strong back reflection or wave resonance could be observed across the membrane. These results constitute a key step in understanding tympanal mechanics in general, and in insects in particular, but also in our knowledge of the vibrational behaviour of anisotropic media.
Incidental thyroid nodules on thoracic contrast-enhanced computed tomography in clinical practice during a 10-year period

Abstract The purposes of this study were to assess the prevalence, malignancy rate, and characteristics of incidental thyroid nodules (ITNs), and to identify factors that contribute the additional workup by ultrasound. The medical records and imaging features of ITNs reported via thoracic computed tomography (CT) were retrospectively reviewed to determine the size, multiplicity, attenuation, shape, and presence of calcification. To identify the factors associated with additional workup, we compared the workup and non-workup groups in terms of nodule characteristics, indications, and CT slices. We identified factors that could distinguish malignant ITNs from non-malignant nodules. A total of 60,921 thoracic CT scans met the inclusion criteria, and ITNs were reported using formal radiology in 2733 patients (4.5%). Among all patients with reported ITNs, 546 (20.0%) underwent further workup. Of these patients, 62 (2.3%, 62/2773) were diagnosed with malignant nodules. Multivariable analysis identified multiple factors associated with additional workup, including female sex, younger age, larger nodule size, calcification, anteroposterior to transverse dimension ratio >1, heterogeneous attenuation in the nodule, and scanning indications such as infection or screening. However, only calcification was associated with malignant nodules (odds ratio [OR] = 2.313; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.301–4.113). We observed discordance between the numbers of reported ITNs and case with additional workup and identified multiple factors associated with additional workup. We have, therefore, demonstrated a need for reliable subsequent evaluation guidelines and note that the appearance of calcification in an ITN on imaging may be a factor indicating the need for additional workup.
Peace in the woods: sustainability and the democratization of land use planning and resource management on Crown lands in British Columbia

During the 1990s, the provincial government of British Columbia made the introduction of participatory processes into the land use planning and resource management of its Crown lands the central element of its attempt to defuse conflictual relationships over choices affecting the sustainability of the province's development strategies. The processes used to this end are examined, and evidence of the resulting outcomes is evaluated. As well as the planning gains associated with the switch from techno‐corporatist to consensual decision‐making for the province's publicly owned resource base, studies indicate that there will be substantial ecological benefits from zoning an additional 30% of Crown lands for enhanced protection, at little economic cost to rural industries. The new rural planning regime also offers a consensual management system capable of assimilating the tribal holdings created by the settlement of First Nation claims on Crown lands. Overall, the evidence indicates that substantial benefits have emerged from the application of procedural environmental justice to formerly highly technocratic management processes, not least of which is delivery of “peace in the woods”.
Developing commitment between managers and employees

Examines the relationship of managerial strategy and organizational commitment among drivers working in the private bus industry. Investigates the dimensions of managerial strategy and organizational commitment. Data were collected by survey questionnaire. Demonstrates that managerial strategy plays a key integrative role in generating organizational commitment among bus drivers. Decentralized authority, participative management, and resource adequacy were the most relevant factors in the development of organizational commitment. Found that employees felt blocked in using their initiative, experienced a power distance between managers and drivers, and were not recognized for non‐driving activities. Suggests that managers and supervisors need to look at structures and processes which encourage participation and decentralized authority so that employees maintain involvement in their organizations.
Advancing the state-of-the-art in hardware Trojans design

Electronic Design Automation (EDA) industry heavily reuses third party IP cores which are vulnerable to insertion of Hardware Trojans (HTs) at design time by third party IP core providers. State of the art research has shown that existing HT detection techniques, which claim to detect all publicly available HT benchmarks, can still be defeated by carefully designing new sophisticated HTs. The reason being that these techniques consider the HT landscape to be limited only to the publicly known HT benchmarks. However the adversary is not limited to these HTs and may devise new HT design principles to bypass these countermeasures. In this paper, we discover certain crucial properties of trigger activated HTs which lead to the definition of an exponentially large class of Deterministic Hardware Trojans HD that an adversary can (but is not limited to) design. The discovered properties serve as HT design principles which help us understand the tremendous ways available to an adversary to design a HT, and show that the existing publicly known HT benchmarks are just the tip of the iceberg on this huge landscape.
Direct identification of moving objects and background from 2D motion models

This paper presents the dynamic scene analysis part of an original and consistent framework to video partitioning into shots, camera motion estimation and multiple motion analysis with a view to content-based video indexing. All the information parts required to achieve these different goals result from handling the apparent motion within consecutive image pairs. Within each extracted shot, a binary segmentation of the image is performed into regions whose motion either conforms or not to the 2D estimated dominant motion represented by a quadratic motion model. This paper focuses on a low-cost method based on projective geometry criteria to distinguish non-conforming regions generated by really moving objects from static ones in the scene. The proposed algorithm is validated on a variety of real image sequences.
The identification of features of voice quality in social groups

Particular voice qualities are often associated in people's minds with particular languages. This is evident in the literature which has been covered and reviewed by Laver (1975: Ch. 2). These qualities have been variously referred to with such terms as ‘organic basis or basis of articulation’ (Sweet, 1906: 74), ‘articulatory setting’ (Honikman, 1964), ‘a quasi-permanent quality’ (Abercrombie, 1967: 91) and ‘voluntary long-term muscular settings of the larynx and vocal tract’ (Laver, 1970: 525).
Pancreatic Fibrosis Correlates with Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency after Pancreatoduodenectomy

Background: Obstruction of the pancreatic duct can lead to pancreatic fibrosis. We investigated the correlation between the extent of pancreatic fibrosis and the postoperative exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function. Methods: Fifty-five patients who were treated for pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma and 19 patients with chronic pancreatitis were evaluated. Exocrine pancreatic function was evaluated by fecal elastase-1 test, while endocrine pancreatic function was assessed by plasma glucose level. The extent of fibrosis, duct dilation and endocrine tissue loss was examined histopathologically. Results: A strong correlation was found between pancreatic fibrosis and elastase-1 level less than 100 µg/g (p < 0.0001), reflecting severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. A strong correlation was found between pancreatic fibrosis and endocrine tissue loss (p < 0.0001). Neither pancreatic fibrosis nor endocrine tissue loss were correlated with the development of postoperative diabetes mellitus. Duct dilation alone was neither correlated with exocrine nor with endocrine function loss. Conclusion: The majority of patients develop severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency after pancreatoduodenectomy. The extent of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is strongly correlated with preoperative fibrosis. The loss of endocrine tissue does not correlate with postoperative diabetes mellitus. Preoperative dilation of the pancreatic duct per se does not predict exocrine or endocrine pancreatic insufficiency postoperatively.
Redundancy embedding for search space reduction using deep auto-encoder: Application to collision-free posture generation

For generating motions of robots, global search in configuration space is time consuming although it is sometimes indispensable (e.g. collision avoidance in complex environment). Our idea is to use global sampling algorithm not in the state space but in the task nullspace, which is the redundant degrees of freedom of the state space with respect to the task space. Because the task nullspace is smaller than the original search space (state space), fast global sampling is possible. For embedding this hidden task nullspace parameters, we propose a new deep-auto-encoder-based neural network structure. Our approach learns the map from task and task nullspace towards robot's state (Task-State Map, TSM). As the demonstration, the relationship between 28-dof joint angles (state) and the end-effector coordinates of all limbs (task) is learned, and egress postures and reaching postures are generated.
BotTorrent: Misusing BitTorrent to Launch DDoS Attacks

BitTorrent is currently one of the most popular peer-to-peer systems. BitTorrent clients are widely spread all over the world and account for a large fraction of today's Internet traffic. In this paper, we show that BitTorrent can be exploited by misdirecting clients to send their traffic toward any host on the Internet. The volume of a BitTorrent swarm can thus be converted into firepower for launching a distributed denial-of-service attack that can exhaust the victim's resources, including access bandwidth and connection resources. We identify novel exploits of the BitTorrent system and conduct real-life experiments that demonstrate the feasibility and severity of such attacks. We characterize the volume, duration and spread of attack traffic observed in our experiments. Finally, we discuss possible fixes and the limits of both attack and defense approaches.
Dimensional considerations in achieving large quality factors for resonant silicon cantilevers in air

This work aims to provide guidelines for designing rectangular silicon cantilever beams to achieve maximum quality factors for the fundamental flexural resonance at atmospheric pressure. The methodology of this work is based on experimental data acquisition of resonance characteristics of silicon cantilevers, combined with modification of analytical damping models to match the captured data. For this purpose, rectangular silicon cantilever beams with thicknesses of 5, 7, 8, 11, and 17 μm and lengths and widths ranging from 70 to 1050 μm and 80 to 230 μm, respectively, have been fabricated and tested. Combining the three dominant damping mechanisms, i.e., the air damping, support loss, and thermoelastic damping, the variation in the measured Q-factors with the cantilever geometrical dimensions is predicted. Also to better describe the experimental data, modified models for air damping have been developed. These modified models can predict the optimum length and thickness of a resonant cantilever to achieve.
ERNEST BECKER'S PSYCHOLOGY OF RELIGION FORTY YEARS ON: A VIEW FROM SOCIAL COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

This article distinguishes between three projects in Ernest Becker's (1924-1974) later work: his psychology of "religion," his psychology of religion, and his psychology of Religion (with a capital R). The first is an analysis of culture and civilization as immortality projects, means by which to deny death. The second, which overlaps with the first, is a characterization of religion-as-practiced (e.g., by adherents of the world religions) as a particularly effective immortality project vis-a-vis death anxiety. The third is less social scientific and more theological; Becker argues for a view of God that is in the tradition of Soren Kierkegaard and Paul Tillich (and, arguably, Pseudo-Dionysius, Augustine, and Thomas Aquinas). Focusing on the second of these projects-as much has already been written on the first, and little can be said about the third-this article evaluates Becker's claims about religion-as-practiced in light of recent developments in social cognitive psychology.
Effect of low glycogen on carbohydrate and energy metabolism in human muscle during exercise.

The effect of preexercise muscle glycogen content on the metabolic responses to exercise has been investigated. Seven men cycled at a work load calculated to elicit 75% of maximal oxygen uptake [211 +/- 17 (SE) W] on two occasions: 1) to fatigue (37.2 +/- 5.3 min) and 2) at the same work load and for the same duration as the first. Biopsies were obtained from the quadriceps femoris muscle before and after exercise. Before the first experiment, muscle glycogen was lowered by exercise and diet, and before the second experiment, muscle glycogen was elevated. In the low-glycogen condition (LG), muscle glycogen decreased from 182 +/- 15 at rest to 7 +/- 4 mmol glucosyl units/kg dry wt at fatigue, while in the high-glycogen condition (HG), glycogen decreased from 725 +/- 31 at rest to 353 +/- 53 mmol glucosyl units/kg dry wt at the end of exercise. Hexose monophosphates were not increased after LG exercise but increased approximately fivefold after HG exercise. Lactate increased more during HG exercise (LG = 16 +/- 5, HG = 61 +/- 7 mmol/kg dry wt; P less than or equal to 0.001), whereas IMP increased more during LG (LG = 2.8 +/- 0.6, HG = 0.9 +/- 0.2 mmol/kg dry wt; P less than or equal to 0.05). The increases in the sum of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (TCAI; citrate+malate+fumarate) and acetylcarnitine (which is in equilibrium with acetyl CoA) were significantly greater during HG exercise (P less than or equal to 0.05). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Organizational Change and the Importance of Embedded Assumptions

‘Managing change’ appears a simple enough term. However, no common ontological assumption underlies either the notion of ‘managing’ or that of ‘change’. In this paper, we identify different assumptions about both what it means to manage and the nature of change outcomes. From these assumptions we derive six different images of managing organizational change: directing, navigating, caretaking, coaching, interpreting and nurturing. We show how each image is underpinned by different organization theories. We then take each image and show how the differing ontological assumptions about managing and change outcomes are associated with different research agendas. We illustrate this by focusing on three elements commonly associated with managing organizational change: vision, communication and resistance.
Memorial Representations as a Product of Feedback and Text Variants

This study examined the effects of feedback on several memorial representations of a text. Subjects were given either of two variant texts describing a mythical town. One version (route) describes the town as a driver might encounter it, while the other (survey) describes the town using spatial referents. Each version is 25 sentences long and is presented one sentence at a time to control the reading process. For each text version, after reading the text subjects were given 50 seconds to read the entire text in paragraph form (textual feedback) or see a map of the town (map feedback). They were then asked to recall as much of the text as possible and to verify the accuracy of inferential statements. The subjects then read the same version again. Following the reading subjects were given either the same or the alternate type of feedback. Recall and inferential reasoning protocols were obtained again. The recall protocols were scored for number of propositions, and the scores for accuracy of verification of estimated inferential reasoning using a d′ analysis. Recall yielded a doubling of propositions from the first to the second reading. Analysis yielded several findings: (1) a gain in d′ scores between trials, (2) a significant interaction between text version and trial, with the survey group showing a much larger gain than the route version, and (3) an interaction between version, type of feedback, and sequence, with readers of the survey version showing consistently better scores across all conditions. Data for the route version showed some interference between Trials 1 and 2. The results are described within the context of our memorial model of assisted comprehension.
MODELLING RIGA STOCK EXCHANGE INDEX USING NEURAL NETWORKS

The implementation of modern neural network technology in the financial indexes modelling and forecasting task is given in this paper. The predicted value is Dow Jones Riga Stock Exchange index, which characterises Latvian stock market. Using Dow Jones RSE index time series a number of neural network learning experiments are completed, the best network is selected and the index values are predicted for month ahead. The same prediction is made using Box-Jenkins model. The results of both of methods are compared and conclusions are presented.
Empowering or Enslaving?

practitioner and, concurrently, as a promissory note offering beginner teachers full and free daily access to relevant, real and practical advice, criticism and guidance. The Twentieth Century has taught us to take a longer-term view of benevolent inventions or at least to mediate some of the initial unquestioned advantages and benefits that they allegedly preface. Rather like aspirin, the Pill and atomic energy, mentoring of beginner teachers may have
Missing and forbidden links in mutualistic networks

Ecological networks are complexes of interacting species, but not all potential links among species are realized. Unobserved links are either missing or forbidden. Missing links exist, but require more sampling or alternative ways of detection to be verified. Forbidden links remain unobservable, irrespective of sampling effort. They are caused by linkage constraints. We studied one Arctic pollination network and two Mediterranean seed-dispersal networks. In the first, for example, we recorded flower-visit links for one full season, arranged data in an interaction matrix and got a connectance C of 15 per cent. Interaction accumulation curves documented our sampling of interactions through observation of visits to be robust. Then, we included data on pollen from the body surface of flower visitors as an additional link ‘currency’. This resulted in 98 new links, missing from the visitation data. Thus, the combined visit–pollen matrix got an increased C of 20 per cent. For the three networks, C ranged from 20 to 52 per cent, and thus the percentage of unobserved links (100 − C) was 48 to 80 per cent; these were assumed forbidden because of linkage constraints and not missing because of under-sampling. Phenological uncoupling (i.e. non-overlapping phenophases between interacting mutualists) is one kind of constraint, and it explained 22 to 28 per cent of all possible, but unobserved links. Increasing phenophase overlap between species increased link probability, but extensive overlaps were required to achieve a high probability. Other kinds of constraint, such as size mismatch and accessibility limitations, are briefly addressed.