Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing obesogenic dietary intake in young children (0–6 years): systematic review of qualitative evidence

Background Obesogenic dietary intake is prevalent in young children and is associated with obesity and other adverse health outcomes in childhood and later in life. Objective To describe the barriers to and facilitators of obesogenic dietary intake in early childhood, in order to inform interventions and public health policies to prevent obesity. Design Systematic review of qualitative literature on factors influencing obesogenic diets in children aged 0–6 years. Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge, British Nursing Index, ASSIA and Sociological Abstracts. Review methods Qualitative studies meeting the inclusion criteria were synthesised. Data were analysed by creating a thematic framework, underpinned by the socioecological model, which included familiarisation of data across the studies, indexing, charting, mapping and interpretation. Results 20 studies from the USA (10), Europe (6) and Australia (4) included the views of 1067 participants (901 parents/caregivers, 37 children, 87 teachers, 15 dieticians and 27 nursery staff). Study designs included focus groups (n=16), individual interviews (n=6) and ethnography (n=1) with some studies using more than one design. Despite wide differences in the study context and focus, several consistent themes emerged. Parental factors increasing young children's obesogenic diets were: negative parent/family/peer modelling, lack of knowledge, time constraints, using food as reward, affordability and concerns about child's health. Child preferences also increased intake. Environmental factors increasing intake include: availability, advertising, societal, cultural and preschool/childcare influences. Conclusions Future intervention strategies should aim to promote modelling of positive behaviours, create home and preschool environments that promote healthy diets, and simultaneously target factors at the family and preschool/childcare levels. Trial registration number This review is one of a series of systematic reviews on the determinants of obesogenic behaviours in young children, registered with the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), CRD42012002881.
Design of a planar electrically small huygens source antenna

A 28 GHz, planar, electrically small Huygens source antenna is presented. The proposed antenna is composed of electric Egyptian axe dipole (EAD) and magnetic capacitively loaded loop (CLL) near-field resonant parasitic (NFRP) elements with a coax-fed dipole radiator. It has broadside radiating and planar performance characteristics. To confirm its efficacy for on-body applications, the specific absorption rate (SAR) values of the Huygens source antenna are evaluated and found to be very low.
Zero-Knowledge Proof Systems for QMA

Prior work has established that all problems in NP admit classical zero-knowledge proof systems, and under reasonable hardness assumptions for quantum computations, these proof systems can be made secure against quantum attacks. We prove a result representing a further quantum generalization of this fact, which is that every problem in the complexity class QMA has a quantum zero-knowledge proof system. More specifically, assuming the existence of an unconditionally binding and quantum computationally concealing commitment scheme, we prove that every problem in the complexity class QMA has a quantum interactive proof system that is zero-knowledge with respect to efficient quantum computations. Our QMA proof system is sound against arbitrary quantum provers, but only requires an honest prover to perform polynomial-time quantum computations, provided that it holds a quantum witness for a given instance of the QMA problem under consideration.
A Bacteriological Study of Rampant Caries in Children

We undertook a microbiological study, in children, of dental plaque from sound surfaces or associated with rampant caries, both black-colored and unstained. Improved selective media allowed for the enumeration of bacteria belonging to specific genera or species present in plaque samples. A nearly similar bacterial distribution was found in both types of rampant caries. Aciduric flora, Streptococcus mutans, Veillonella, and Lactobacillus predominated in plaque over the lesions, whereas extracellular polysaccharide-producing streptococci other than S. mutans, as well as Actinomyces, were more abundant in plaque from sound surfaces. However, more lactobacilli and Actinomyces were recovered from pigmented lesions than from the unstained ones. These findings suggest that the microbial flora associated with black-pigmented lesions did not strongly differ from that observed over unstained caries lesions.
The online citizen-consumer: addressing young people's political consumption through technology

With youth, in particular, there are perceptions of declining political interest; at the same time the world where normative democratic ideals were formed is rapidly changing. Globalization results in unclear boundaries between nation states. Consequentially corporations gain power, and advances in online technology make global communication all the more possible. Within such a context, the notion of political consumerism emerges and individual consumption is tied to the concept of citizenship. Young people's interest in non-traditional citizenship along with their strong online presence offers an opportunity to examine how organizations use the internet to address the young citizen-consumer. This paper presents results from a number of in-depth interviews with Web producers of UK-based youth organizations, and provides a look at how these organizations view political consumption in terms of their theoretical outlook and its application to their online presence. It concludes that issue-based campaigns see political consumerism as a new way forward for citizenship while others (those more tied to government) use it as a stepping stone to getting youth involved in more traditional arenas.
Capturing Knowledge in Real-Time ICT System to Boost Business Performance

In this work an AI/ICT Platform is presented, to develop cognitive networks to cope with a management of a great availability of data and a necessity to dispose of prompt right information, extracted by data. In fact, the better strategic decision arise by a prompt availability of target and effective information. A cognitive network, and in particular an intelligent grid, helps to reach this goal. This intelligent grid allows to integrate many data source to drive analytics which transform data into useful information to support advanced operational control and strategic decision making. To realize an intelligent grid, it is necessary, firstly, capturing Knowledge, transforming data in information and introducing the knowledge in ICT framework and in RealTime Systems. This is the right way to have a set of target and suitable information by using to take a correct decision, especially in real-time problem. So, in this work XBASE Cognitive Mapping Tool is presented. This tool allows to develop an intelligent grid, to support and “automate” strategic decision and so, to solve, also in real-time, every kind of problems. In particular, an application of this tool is presented, in monitoring of wastewater, the “BATTLE” Project.
Interaction Effect of Awareness and Educational Attainment on the Benefits of Multicomponent Intervention for Persons with Mild Alzheimer's Disease.

OBJECTIVE The study investigated the effect of education on cognitive outcome following a multicomponent intervention program (MIP) for people with Alzheimer's disease (AD), also exploring the additional effect of level of awareness. METHODS Fifty-five participants with mild AD were randomized to an MIP (intervention group; IG) or a waiting-list (WL) group. They were further stratified into 4 groups by educational attainment (high vs. low) and level of awareness (aware [IGU-] vs. unaware [IGU+]). MIP efficacy in the different groups was measured using the mean change scores (MCSs) in the Cognitive subscale of Alzheimer's disease Assessment Scale, with pre- and post-treatment testing. RESULTS A negative correlation was found between educational level and the MCS in the IG, whereas the correlation in the WL group was positive. Moreover, an interaction effect emerged between education and awareness. Here, in the group of aware individuals, those with high education benefited more from the intervention than those with low education. This difference was not observed in the unawareness group. CONCLUSION Higher education may diminish the progression of cognitive decline after MIP, but this potentially depends on the level of awareness.
A New Active Queue Management Scheme Based on Packet Loss Ratio

A new dynamic adaptive AQM (active queue management) scheme based on network loss ratio is proposed. The packet loss ratio of the early network is adopted to mark the arriving packet, and it is used as the early drop probability so that the probability can approach the loss ratio of current real network. By adjusting the drop probability adaptively, the length of buffer queues can be kept in a certain area. The simulation experiment results using NS software tool show that the scheme can flexibly control the length of queue and reduce the jitter of delay
Noise Correlations Have Little Influence on the Coding of Selective Attention in Area V1

Neurons in the visual primary cortex (area V1) do not only code simple features but also whether image elements are attended or not. These attentional signals are weaker than the feature-selective responses, and their reliability may therefore be limited by the noisiness of neuronal responses. Here we show that it is possible to decode the locus of attention on a single trial from the activity of a small population of neurons in area V1. Previous studies suggested that correlations between the activities of neurons that are part of a population limit the information gain, but here we report that the impact of these noise correlations depends on the relative position of the neurons' receptive fields. Correlations reduce the benefit of pooling neuronal responses evoked by the same object but actually enhance the advantage of pooling responses evoked by different objects. These opposing effects cancelled each other at the population level, so that the net effect of the noise correlations was negligible and attention could be decoded reliably. Our results suggest that noise correlations are caused by large-scale fluctuations in cortical excitability, which can be removed by a comparison of the response strengths evoked by different objects.
Elliptic Curve Scalar Multiplication with a Bijective Transform

It is important to speed up scalar multiplication in elliptic curve cryptosystems and then various speeding-up techniques for that have been proposed. This paper proposes a method for computing a scalar multiplication, in which, first, we map a point we would like to compute a scalar multiplication into another point on another curve so that it has a special coordinate, second, we compute a scalar multiplication on the another curve, finally, we map the computed point on original curve. In fact, when we use the proposed method, the cost of scalar multiplication is reduced by about from 2 to 5% in projective, Jacobian, and modified Jacobian coordinate systems.
Auditory manifestations during focal seizures.

Interictal and particularly ictal surface and invasive recordings allow, in most of cases, the precise localization of the cortical area responsible of ictal discharges. During surface Video-EEG the localization could be a little complicated, considering the presence of artefacts, but the occurrence of a low voltage fast activity or a fl attening, permits, coupling with the onset of clinical symptomatology, to defi ne a hypothesis concerning the localization and the extension of the EZ.
Vascular response to angiotensin II is exaggerated through an upregulation of AT1 receptor in AT2 knockout mice.

Blood pressure is elevated and pressor response to angiotensin II (Ang II) is exaggerated in AT2 null mice. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism for the increased responsiveness to Ang II in the mice. The contraction of aortic strips generated by Ang II was significantly greater in the AT2 gene-deleted mice than the control, which was completely abolished by AT1 antagonist losartan. The aortic content of AT1 receptor was significantly increased (P < 0.05, n = 5) in the AT2 null mice (212 +/- 58.2 fmol/mg protein) compared with the control (98.2 +/- 55.9 fmol/mg protein). While both AT1 and AT2 mRNAs were expressed in the aorta of the control mice, only AT1 mRNA was expressed in the AT2 knockout mice. The expression of AT1 mRNA in the AT2 knockout mice was significantly higher (1.5-fold, P < 0.05, n = 5) than that in the control. The present study clearly demonstrated that the increased vascular reactivity to Ang II in AT2 knockout mice is at least partly due to an increased vascular AT1 receptor expression and suggested that AT2 counteracts AT1-mediated vascular action of Ang II through downregulation of AT1 receptor by a crosstalk between these receptors by some as yet unknown mechanisms.
Heterogeneous Multithreaded Computing

This thesis studies issues introduced by supporting multithreaded computing in environments composed of workers heterogeneous with respect to data representation, speed, and scale. We implement a heterogeneous multithreaded runtime system, and prove its efficiency. We present an implementation of Cilk that supports execution in heterogeneous environments. To support communication between workers with different data representations, we propose two mechanisms. The first mechanism translates messages to a canonical form on transmission and to the native host format on reception. The second mechanism generates signature tables of structures that are communicated between the workers to guide translation. We propose but do not implement an extension to generate signature tables for all C functions so that functions can be passed as messages.
Firm-level determinants of wages and productivity : Rent-sharing

A long literature in economics has documented evidence of what are called interindustry wage differentials. For example, a well-known JEP article by Richard Thaler opens with an anecdote about a secretary who was hired in his department and a few months later left to accept a job as a secretary at IBM, which at least at the time paid its secretaries much more than other local employers. This example captures the idea that some industries appear to pay higher wages than others, even when (measured) labor quality and occupation are held constant. Slichter (1950) was the first analysis I am aware of which documented evidence of such interindustry wage differentials. Dickens and Katz (1987) and Katz and Summers (1989) both document evidence of such interindustry wage differentials using the Current Population Survey (CPS) by estimating the relationship between the log wage rate and individual characteristics (including occupation) together with industry indicator variables. Such regressions document large, statistically significant “industry effects,” in samples of both union workers and non-union workers. Subsequent work argued that these interindustry wage differentials were unlikely to be easily explained by compensating differentials; as documented by Katz and Summers (1989), for example, high wage industries tend to have low quit rates, which is consistent with workers in such industries begin paid wages in excess of their opportunity costs. Whether unobserved quality is a sufficient explanation is more controversial, but I would say that in general the literature has argued that unobserved quality is not sufficient to explain interindustry wage differentials. Four industry characteristics appear strongly associated with high levels of compensation: firm size, profits, capital intensity, and union density. From a theoretical perspective, these patterns suggest that either some firms are choosing not to maximize profits, or that for
Provoking identities: entrepreneurship and emerging identity positions in rural development

Abstract This article discusses entrepreneurship in a depleted community in transition. The purpose is to develop knowledge about how discourses are used in the positioning of identity in regional development. The concept positioning illustrates how identities are provoked, challenged, negotiated and moved into identity positions that break away from the idea of imitating successful and wealthy regions; instead, locality, place and history emerge as important resources from where local actors obtain agency and recognize new opportunities. Ethnographic data of a single case were collected over a six-year period between 2005 and 2010. The longitudinal nature of the study made it possible to incorporate how local stakeholders took on new identity positions, while handling their inspiration as well as their frustration. Results show how rural change was conditioned by discourses and how entrepreneurship challenged and reframed dominating structures through interaction between entrepreneurship and community. Four discourses, expressed as dichotomies available to people in this depleted community, illustrate the interactive process of positioning: change vs. traditions, rational vs. irrational, spectacular vs. mundane and individual vs. collective. The results support research emphasizing perspectives that acknowledge interaction between entrepreneurship and context as well as discursive aspects of regional development.
Why readability formulas fail

Being able to measure the readability of a text with a simple formula is an attractive prospect, and many groups have been using readability formulas in a variety of situations where estimates of text complexity are thought to be necessary. The most obvious and explicit use of readability formulas is by educational publishers designing basal and remedial reading texts; some states, in fact, will consider using a basal series only if it fits certain readability formula criteria. Increasingly, public documents such as insurance policies, tax forms, contracts, and jury instructions must meet criteria stated in terms of readability formulas.
Inferential confusion moderates the effects of dissociative experiences on OCD symptoms severity in a clinical sample with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Objective: recent research showed that greater oCd severity may be associated to stronger dissociation experiences. higher dissociation was found to predict treatment resistance after cognitive behavioural therapy for oCd. Inferential Confusion (IC), a reasoning error where the person with oCd persists in his/her obsessional belief despite sense information to the contrary, might moderate the relation between dissociation and oCd severity. using a clinical sample of patients with oCd, the current study investigated whether the relation between more severe dissociation and oCd severity might be moderated by IC. a second aim was to test whether IC might moderate the relation between more severe dissociation and oCd symptoms subtypes. Method: sixty patients with primary oCd (mean age= 37.17, sd= 9.98, 53.30% females) completed the Inferential Confusion Questionnaire-extended version (ICQ-ev), dissociative experiences scale-II (des-II), yale-brown obsessive Compulsive scale (y-boCs), padua Inventory (pI), beck anxiety Inventory (baI). moderation effects of IC on the relation between dissociation and oCd severity and subtypes were tested through General linear models. Results: when y-boCs scores were considered as dependent variable, only an interaction effect emerged between ICQ-ev and des-II depersonalization/derealization scores (b= 0.12, p<.05): patients with higher scores on ICQ-ev and higher scores on des-II depersonalization/derealization scale had higher scores on y-boCs. when pI scores were considered as dependent variables, a main effect of DES-II Amnesia on PI Insufficient control of mental activities scores was found (f= 9.31, p<.01). In addition, an interaction effect between des amnesia and ICQ-ev scores was found (f= 7.46, p<.01) on PI Insufficient control of mental activities: patients with higher DES Amnesia scores and higher ICQ-EV scores had higher scores on PI Insufficient control of mental activities. Conclusions: the relation between depersonalization/derealization and oCd severity might be moderated by IC. patients with such types of dissociative experiences, who typically are resistant to cognitive behavioural therapy, might benefit from inference-based approaches. Dissociative amnesia could be a dimension implicated in Insufficient control of mental activities, and its effects might be moderated by IC. future research should assess inference-based treatments for resistant OCD with dissociative amnesia symptoms and Insufficient control of mental activities.
Spinal osteotomy for severe kyphosis in children with myelomeningocele.

1. Kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis associated with myelomeningocele are discussed. 2. It is suggested that the condition be treated by osteotomy of the spine, with removal of one or more vertebral bodies. 3. Sixteen patients treated by this method of spinal osteotomy are presented. 4. Although almost a third of the patients died, a high operative and post-operative mortality in this condition is considered acceptable.
A comparative survey of scenario-based to state-based model synthesis approaches

Model Driven Development and Use Case Driven Development methodologies have inspired the proposal of a variety of software engineering approaches that synthesize state-based models from scenario-based models. However, little work has been done to comprehensively compare these different synthesis approaches. In this paper, we define a set of comparison criteria, and survey 21 different synthesis approaches presented in the literature based on the criteria. The differences and similarities are highlighted in the comparison results. We then discuss the challenges that current approaches may face and provide suggestions for future work for state-based model syntheses.
A reconfigurable dual-band MIMO antenna system for mobile terminals

In this paper, a varactor diode based two element reconfigurable, dual-band, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna is presented. The single antenna element is a modified printed inverted F-shape antenna (PIFA) with radiating lines and a folded patch. This proposed structure is grounded by a metallic wall for size optimization and compactness. The proposed design is very versatile as it can be used to cover wide frequency bands for dual-band operation. The well known frequency bands covered are GSM-750, GSM-870, LTE-900, LTE-1800, with several other bands as well. The proposed design provides at least -12 dB isolation between its antenna elements. The dimensions of the proposed single element design were 12×30 mm2 with a ground plane area of 65×120 mm2.
Carvedilol in the treatment of elderly patients with chronic heart failure

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is common, and increases in incidence and prevalence with age. There are compelling data demonstrating reduced mortality and hospitalizations with adrenergic blockade in older patients with CHF. Despite this, many older patients remain under-treated. The aim of the present article is to review the potential mechanisms of the benefits of adrenergic blockade in CHF and the clinical data available from the large randomized studies, focusing particularly on older patients.