Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Neurotoxic Effects of Oxycodone and Naloxone in SH-SY5Y Cell Line

Opioid drugs have analgesic properties used to treat chronic and post-surgical pain due to descending pain modulation. The use of opioids is often associated with adverse effects or clinical issues. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of opioids by exposing the neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) to 0, 1, 10, and 100 µM oxycodone and naloxone for 24 h. Analyses were carried out to evaluate cell cytotoxicity, identification of cell death, DNA damage, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, in addition to molecular docking. Oxycodone and naloxone exposure did not alter the SH-SY5Y cell viability. The exposure to 100 µM oxycodone and naloxone significantly increased the cells’ DNA damage score compared to the control group. Naloxone exposure significantly inhibited AChE, GST, and SOD activities, while oxycodone did not alter these enzymes’ activities. Molecular docking showed that naloxone and oxycodone interact with different amino acids in the studied enzymes, which may explain the differences in enzymatic inhibition. Naloxone altered the antioxidant defenses of SH-SY5Y cells, which may have caused DNA damage 24 h after the exposure. On the other hand, more studies are necessary to explain how oxycodone causes DNA damage.
Deposition and characterization of titania–silica optical multilayers by asymmetric bipolar pulsed dc sputtering of oxide targets

Titania–silica (TiO2/SiO2) optical multilayer structures have been conventionally deposited by reactive sputtering of metallic targets. In order to overcome the problems of arcing, target poisoning and low deposition rates encountered there, the application of oxide targets was investigated in this work with asymmetric bipolar pulsed dc magnetron sputtering. In order to evaluate the usefulness of this deposition methodology, an electric field optimized Fabry Perot mirror for He–Cd laser (λ = 441.6 nm) spectroscopy was deposited and characterized. For comparison, this mirror was also deposited by the reactive electron beam (EB) evaporation technique. The mirrors developed by the two complementary techniques were investigated for their microstructural and optical reflection properties invoking atomic force microscopy, ellipsometry, grazing incidence reflectometry and spectrophotometry. From these measurements the layer geometry, optical constants, mass density, topography, surface and interface roughness and disorder parameters were evaluated. The microstructural properties and spectral functional characteristics of the pulsed dc sputtered multilayer mirror were found to be distinctively superior to the EB deposited mirror. The knowledge gathered during this study has been utilized to develop a 21-layer high-pass edge filter for radio photoluminescence dosimetry.
Regression to the mode

Abstract High measurement values often show on average a spontaneous decrease when remeasured under stationary study conditions. This effect is known as “regression to the mean”, a phenomenon widely met in biomedical research. In this paper a general formula is derived, which shows that this effect should be better called “regression to the mode”. Further it is shown that this effect may depend on the time‐spacing of repeated measurements in a stationary population.
Turbulent Bed Shear Stress under Symmetric and Asymmetric Waves: Experimental and Numerical Results

A new instrument built to directly measure the bottom shear stress under different conditions of periodic waves is presented. Similar to classical Taylor’s cylindrical viscosimeter, the instrument is formed by two concentric cylinders, and the space between them is filled with water. The internal cylinder is fixed whereas the external cylinder, with a specific roughness, rotates following a given unsteady velocity time history. The shear stress at the outer cylinder wall is measured by using a torque meter. Both monochromatic and sawtooth-shaped waves have been tested, and the experimental shear stress time histories were compared with the results obtained from a numerical model.
Production of colloidal gold nanoparticles by picosecond laser ablation in liquids

We produced gold nanoparticles in water by picosecond laser ablation at 532 nm and 1064 nm. We used the amino‐terminated dendrimer PAMAM G5 as stabilizing agent. At 532 nm, the production process exhibits a threshold that is about 10 times lower than at 1064 nm and rapidly saturates. The fast saturation is due to single photon absorption of the ablating beam and a possible further energy loss due to photofragmentation of existing nanoparticles. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Methyl 1-[(6-methoxy-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)methyl]-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate: a combined X-ray and DFT study

The crystal and molecular structures of methyl 1-[(6-methoxy-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)methyl]-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate,obtained as a side product during the synthesis of the previously reported antitubercular agent N-(2-fluoroethyl)-1-[(6-methoxy-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)methyl]-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-4-carboxamide, are reported.
An Image Mosaic Method Based on SIFT Feature Matching

This paper concerns the problem of image mosaic. An image matching method based on SIFT features and an image blending method of improved Hat function are proposed in the paper. SIFT feature is local feature and keeps invariant to scale zoom, rotation and illumination. It is also insensitive to noise, view point changing and so on. Because of this our method is insensitive to orientation, scale and illumination of input images, so it’s possible to accomplish image mosaic between arbitrary matching images and the Hat function blending algorithm with global intensity revise makes the mosaic image accepted by human eyes.
The Role of Spatial Inequalities on Youth Migration Decisions: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria

Abstract We combine nationally representative data from Nigeria with spatiotemporal data from remote sensing and other sources to study how young migrants respond to observable characteristics of potential destinations, both in absolute terms and relative to origin locations. Migrants prefer destinations with better welfare, land availability and intensity of economic activity. We also find that migrants prefer shorter distances and those destinations with better urban amenities and infrastructure. However, responses vary by type of migrant and migration. For example, rural-rural migrants are more responsive to land availability and agricultural potential, while rural-urban and urban-urban migrants are more responsive to welfare and economic vibrancy (measured by nightlight intensity) in destinations. Distance induces varying impact on migration choices of poor and non-poor migrants as well as across more educated and less educated migrants. Longer distances discourage migration for female migrants, poorer migrants, and less educated migrant while the implication for the non-poor and more educated migrants appears to be negligible. This is intuitive because poorer and less educated migrants have liquidity constraints to finance high migration costs. Our results suggest potential scope for predicting how labour mobility responds to alternative regional development policies.
Medium-Sized Towns in the Knowledge Economy—Towards a Systematic Classification

Medium-sized towns represent important anchor points with regard to services of general interest that are also places to live and work. The increasing number of employees in the service and knowledge economy and the shift in working conditions towards more flexible and mobile working models have impacted the importance of working locations outside the metropolises. This study classifies all medium-sized German towns with a focus on the knowledge economy to analyze the role of this city type for different labor market indicators. First, 19 indicators are condensed into six principal components by means of principal component analysis. This is followed by a cluster and a discriminant analysis to determine five types of towns: (1) important working and education centers, (2) residential towns with a work function, (3) average medium-sized towns, (4) accessibility winners, and (5) tax winners. The results demonstrate that medium-sized towns should be regarded as a single and important urban category, especially concerning the knowledge economy. Our classification enables an initial evaluation that can be used for further evidence-based funding policy and spatial governance. By concluding with a methodological critique and discussing the results obtained, we argue for a more nuanced look at medium-sized towns from different disciplinary perspectives.
Public Perceptions of Climate Change and Health—A Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Climate change is inseparably linked to human health. Although there is growing awareness of the threats to human health caused by climate change, it remains unclear how the German population perceives the relevance of climate change and its health consequences. Between May and September 2022, German residents were invited to participate in a cross-sectional online survey that explored three content areas: (1) the relevance of climate change, (2) health risks in connection with climate change and (3) collective and individual options for action against climate change. A total of 697 full data sets were collected for analysis (72% female, 51% ≥55 years old). The majority of participants agreed that human-induced climate change exists (85%), and that it has an impact on human health (83%). They also perceived the global population to be more strongly impacted by climate change than themselves (89% versus 68%). Most participants (76%) claimed to personally contribute to climate protection and 23% felt that their city or council contributed to climate protection. Although the majority of participants saw climate change as a threat to human health, they perceived other population groups to be most strongly affected. Cognitive dissonance might explain this lack of individual concern and one approach to addressing such distorted perceptions might be the dissemination of appropriate risk communication with health professionals involved in the communication.
Automatic Registration of Homogeneous and Cross-Source TomoSAR Point Clouds in Urban Areas

Building reconstruction using high-resolution satellite-based synthetic SAR tomography (TomoSAR) is of great importance in urban planning and city modeling applications. However, since the imaging mode of SAR is side-by-side, the TomoSAR point cloud of a single orbit cannot achieve a complete observation of buildings. It is difficult for existing methods to extract the same features, as well as to use the overlap rate to achieve the alignment of the homologous TomoSAR point cloud and the cross-source TomoSAR point cloud. Therefore, this paper proposes a robust alignment method for TomoSAR point clouds in urban areas. First, noise points and outlier points are filtered by statistical filtering, and density of projection point (DoPP)-based projection is used to extract TomoSAR building point clouds and obtain the facade points for subsequent calculations based on density clustering. Subsequently, coarse alignment of source and target point clouds was performed using principal component analysis (PCA). Lastly, the rotation and translation coefficients were calculated using the angle of the normal vector of the opposite facade of the building and the distance of the outer end of the facade projection. The experimental results verify the feasibility and robustness of the proposed method. For the homologous TomoSAR point cloud, the experimental results show that the average rotation error of the proposed method was less than 0.1°, and the average translation error was less than 0.25 m. The alignment accuracy of the cross-source TomoSAR point cloud was evaluated for the defined angle and distance, whose values were less than 0.2° and 0.25 m.
Obliquely propagating ion-acoustic solitons in a multi-component magnetized plasma with negative ions

Oblique propagation of ion-acoustic solitons in a magnetized low-β plasma consisting of warm positive and negative ion species along with hot electrons is studied. Using the reductive perturbation method, a KdV equation is derived for the system, which admits an obliquely propagating soliton solution. It is found that if the ions have finite temperatures then there exist two types of modes, namely slow and fast ion-acoustic modes. The parameter determining the nature of soliton (i.e. whether the system will support compressive or rarefactive solitons) is different for slow and fast modes. For the slow mode the parameter is the relative temperature of the two ion species, whereas for the fast mode it is the relative concentraion of the two ion species. For the fast mode it is found that there is a critical value of the negative-ion concentration below which only compressive solitons exist and above which rarefactive solitons exist. To discuss the soliton solution at the critical concentration, a modified KdV equation is derived. It is found that at the critical concentration of negative ions compressive and rarefactive solitons co-exist. The effects of temperature of different ion species, angle of obliqueness and magnetization on the characteristics of the solitons are discussed in detail.
Near Infrared Efficiency Enhancement of Silicon Photodiodes by Integration of Metal Nanostructures Supporting Surface Plasmon Polaritrons

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in detectors capable of detecting single photons in the near-infrared (NIR), mainly due to the emergence of new applications such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR) for, e.g., autonomous driving. A silicon single-photon avalanche diode is surely one of the most interesting and available technologies, although it yields a low efficiency due to the low absorption coefficient of Si in the NIR. Here, we aim at overcoming this limitation through the integration of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) -compatible nanostructures on silicon photodetectors. Specifically, we utilize silver grating arrays supporting surface plasmons polaritons (SPPs) to superficially confine the incoming NIR photons and therefore to increase the probability of photons generating an electron-hole pair. First, the plasmonic silver array is geometrically designed using time domain simulation software to achieve maximum detector performance at 950 nm. Then, a plasmonic silver array characterized by a pitch of 535 nm, a dot width of 428 nm, and a metal thickness of 110 nm is integrated by means of the focused ion beam technique on the detector. Finally, the integrated detector is electro-optically characterized, demonstrating a QE of 13% at 950 nm, 2.2 times higher than the reference. This result suggests the realization of a silicon device capable of detecting single NIR photons, at a low cost and with compatibility with standard CMOS technology platforms.
Wafer-Scale Fabrication of Ultra-High Aspect Ratio, Microscale Silicon Structures with Smooth Sidewalls Using Metal Assisted Chemical Etching

Silicon structures with ultra-high aspect ratios have great potential applications in the fields of optoelectronics and biomedicine. However, the slope and increased roughness of the sidewalls inevitably introduced during the use of conventional etching processes (e.g., Bosch and DRIE) remain an obstacle to their application. In this paper, 4-inch wafer-scale, ultra-high aspect ratio (>140:1) microscale silicon structures with smooth sidewalls are successfully prepared using metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch). Here, we clarify the impact of the size from the metal catalytic structure on the sidewall roughness. By optimizing the etchant ratio to accelerate the etch rate of the metal-catalyzed structure and employing thermal oxidation, the sidewall roughness can be significantly reduced (average root mean square (RMS) from 42.3 nm to 15.8 nm). Simulations show that a maximum exciton production rate (Gmax) of 1.21 × 1026 and a maximum theoretical short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 39.78 mA/cm2 can be obtained for the micropillar array with smooth sidewalls, which have potential applications in high-performance microscale photovoltaic devices.
Long-Term Changes of Heavy Precipitation and Dry Weather in Japan (1901-2004)

Long-term changes in the intensity and frequency of heavy precipitation in Japan were analyzed using quality checked daily precipitation data at 51 stations from 1901 to 2004. The analysis is based on ten categories defined from precipitation intensity and frequency, and some indices of heavy precipitation, such as ≥100 mm days, the annual maximum, and the top 100 cases during the 104 years. The result indicates that heavy precipitation based on these indices has increased during the 104 years. The linear trend of precipitation corresponding to the upper 10% is 2.3% per decade, and that of the number of top 100 cases is 2.6% per decade on the average over the stations. The increase is most pronounced in western Japan and in autumn, while weak, but similar signals are found in other regions and seasons as well. However, no increasing trend is found for less intense precipitation, such as ≥50 mm days and the number of top 1000 cases.Analysis was also made for 5, 11, and 31 day precipitations, and some indices of dry weather. It is found that the frequency of dry weather has increased during the 104 years. The number of days with precipitation less than 1 mm has increased in all the seasons and regions, with a trend of 0.4-0.7% per decade on the average, while the lower 1% ofcases of 31-day precipitation have doubled with a trend of 10% per decade.
Atomistic study of the mechanical response of copper nanowires under torsion

The length, loading rate and thermal effects on the torsional response of hollow copper nanowires are investigated with molecular dynamics simulation. Evolution of atomic configuration is studied, which shows that partial dislocations nucleated from the surfaces accommodate the plastic deformation of the nanowires under torsion. With the increase in torsional angle, necking appears and the corresponding cross-section transforms from a hollow square to a solid circle. Meanwhile, atomic rearrangement from being amorphous to fcc occurs, which becomes more obvious at higher loading rates. To understand the relation between material and geometrical instabilities, the torsional buckling mode is also investigated and found to strongly depend on both wire length and temperature.
Molecular cloning and expression analysis of Myxovirus resistance gene in Yangzhou goose (Anser cygnoides domesticus)

ABSTRACT 1. Myxovirus resistance (Mx) is a protein produced by the interferon-induced natural immune response with broad spectrum antiviral function. However, the role and expression characteristics of the Mx gene in immune defence against viral infection in goose have not yet been reported. 2. This study found a 2576 bp genomic sequence and a 2112 bp mRNA sequence for Mx, encoding 703 amino acids. Multiple sequence alignments of the amino acid sequences showed that the Yangzhou goose Mx (goMx) had 86.99% similarity to the mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos). 3. Tissue-specific expression profiling revealed that the expression of goMx was highest in the lung and spleen. Both poly (I:C) and GPV were found to elevate the expression of goMx. The upregulated expression of goMx was associated with interferon pathway-related genes IRF7, JAK1, STAT1, and STAT2. Furthermore, overexpression of goMx significantly activated the transcription of poly (I:C) induced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18. 4. The findings of this study suggest that the goMx modulation of the antiviral response is mediated by the interferon pathway.
Beyond-Decade Ultrawideband Quad-Ridge Flared Horn With Dielectric Load From 1 to 20 GHz

In this article, we present a novel dielectrically loaded quad-ridge flared horn (QRFH) as a reflector feed with beyond-decade ultrawideband performance. The dielectric is machined in a low-loss, space-grade polyimide specified with low outgassing for a vacuum environment. The feed covers 1–20 GHz bandwidth with a measured band-average input reflection of −13.6 and 41.5 dB isolation between two orthogonal polarized ports. Predicted performance in a paraboloidal reflector with a 60° half-subtended angle is 62% aperture efficiency average over the band. The ridges of the horn are designed with analytic-spline-hybrid 3-D profiles with thickness flaring outwards toward the feed aperture, improving low-frequency polarization properties. The QRFH was manufactured in four quarters for accurate ridge-to-ridge alignment and a reduced number of interfaces for good thermal properties in cryogenic applications. A prototype feed has been installed and tested with promising results in one of the 6 m offset Gregorian reflectors of the Allen Telescope Array (ATA) located at the Hat Creek Observatory, Hat Creek, CA, USA.
Detecting the First Supernovae in the Universe with JWST

Abstract Massive Population III stars die as pair-instability supernovae (PI SNe), the most energetic thermonuclear explosions in the universe with energies up to 100 times those of Type Ia or Type II SNe. Their extreme luminosities may allow them to be observed from the earliest epochs, revealing the nature of Pop III stars and the primitive galaxies in which they reside. We present numerical simulations of Pop III PI SNe done with the radiation hydrodynamics code RAGE and calculations of their light curves and spectra performed with the SPECTRUM code. We find that 150 - 250 M⊙ PI SNe will be visible to the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) out to z ~ 30 and to z ~ 15 - 20 in all-sky NIR surveys by the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST).
RESEARCH Integrative Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology Heat therapy vs. supervised exercise therapy for peripheral arterial disease: a 12-wk randomized, controlled trial

ED, Cotter JD. Heat therapy vs. supervised exercise therapy for peripheral arterial disease: a 12-wk randomized, controlled trial. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 316: H1495–H1506, 2019. 2019; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00151. 2019. —Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterized by lower limb atherosclerosis impairing blood supply and causing walking-induced leg pain or claudication. Adherence to traditional exercise training programs is poor due to these symptoms despite exercise being a mainstay of conservative treatment. Heat therapy improves many cardiovascular health outcomes, so this study tested if this was a viable alternative cardiovascular therapy for PAD patients. Volunteers with PAD were randomized to 12 wk of heat ( n (cid:2) 11; mean age 76 (cid:3) 8 yr, BMI 28.7 (cid:3) 3.5 kg/m 2 , 4 females) or exercise ( n (cid:2) 11; 74 (cid:3) 10 yr, 28.5 (cid:3) 6.8 kg/m 2 , 3 females). Heat involved spa bathing at (cid:4) 39°C, 3–5 days/wk for (cid:2) 30 min, followed by (cid:2) 30 min of callisthenics. Exercise involved (cid:2) 90 min of supervised walking and gym-based exercise, 1–2 days/wk. Following the interventions, total walking distance during a 6-min walk test increased (from (cid:4) 350 m) by 41 m (95% CI: [13, 69], P (cid:2) 0.006) regardless of group, and pain-free walking distance increased (from (cid:4) 170 m) by 43 m ([22, 63], P (cid:5) 0.001). Systolic blood pressure was reduced more following heat ( (cid:6) 7 mmHg, [ (cid:6) 4, (cid:6) 10], P (cid:5) 0.001) than following exercise ( (cid:6) 3 mmHg, [0, (cid:6) 6], P (cid:2) 0.078), and diastolic and mean arterial pressure decreased by 4 mmHg in both groups ( P (cid:2) 0.002). There were no signiﬁcant changes in blood volume, ankle-brachial index, or measures of vascular health. There were no differences in the improvement in functional or blood pressure outcomes between heat and exercise in individuals with PAD. wk. to heat therapy was excellent, and the heat intervention was well tolerated. The results of the current study indicate that heat therapy can improve functional ability and has potential as an effective cardiovascular conditioning tool for individuals with PAD.