Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attachment styles and adolescent sexuality.

2 For many adolescents, the teen years are a time of intense challenge and change, even though theorists continue to argue about the applicability of the German phrase stürm und drang adolescence is the developmental period during which individuals are most likely to face the triple strain of conflict with parents, severe mood swings, and a propensity toward risk-taking (Arnett, 1999). For many adolescents, romantic relationships are an important source of extreme feelings, both positive and negative (Larson & Asmussen, 1991). The typical adolescent is moving away from parents as primary attachment figures, relying more on the opinions and support of peers, and – whether consciously or not – moving toward a time when his or her primary attachment figure will be a lover or spouse rather than a parent (Hazan & Zeifman, 1994, 1999). Adolescents typically experience emotional turmoil in connection with romantic relationships – those they have, those that go awry, and those they Across adolescence, the time spent with peers in general and opposite-sex peers in particular increases substantially, and the time spent with family members decreases proportionally – by 60% from 5 th to 12 Adolescence is also an important period for self-definition and identity-formation (Block back over their lives, adolescence and young adulthood are the periods most densely packed with 3 self-defining memories, many of which were emotionally charged when acquired and still evoke Early romantic and sexual experiences are likely to be among those memories, because they are novel, personally and socially significant, dangerous in real and imagined ways, and the foundation for later sexual and mating experiences. They can contribute to an adolescent's developing identity and growing sense of competence, or inflict painful feelings of humiliation that damage self-esteem. They can provide what Bowlby (1982/1969) called a safe haven and a secure base – the major provisions of a secure attachment relationship – or make a teenager feel that safety and security are precarious and perhaps unattainable. When a romantic relationship works, it can help partners figure out who they are and whom they wish to be, heighten positive emotion and boost self-esteem, and provide training in intimacy and mutual affirmation that contribute favorably to subsequent relationships (Larson et al., 1999). Clearly, not everyone experiences adolescence and adolescent relationships in the same way. There are differences related to gender, personality, and social history. One potentially important variable is attachment style, an individual-difference construct …
Characterization of tropical atmosphere through wide-band emission spectra acquired with a balloon-borne uncooled FTS spectroradiometer

On June 30th, 2005 the REFIR-PAD (Radiation Explorer in the Far InfraRed-Prototype for Application and Development) Fourier transform spectroradiometer performed the first wide-band spectral characterization of the top-of-atmosphere emitted radiation in the far-infrared with an uncooled instrument. The nadir emitted radiance has been measured down to 100 cm-1, thus covering a spectral interval that, until now, was nearly unexplored, and up to 1400 cm-1, including the well characterized atmospheric window region, in which it is possible to perform comparison and intercalibration with operative instruments. The measurements were performed at an altitude of 34 km, from a stratospheric balloon launched in tropical region, near Teresina (Brazil). The acquired spectra have a spectral resolution of 0.5 cm-1. It should be noted that despite the operating spectral range extending to the far-infrared region, REFIR-PAD does not require any cooled components, thanks to the use of pyroelectric detectors and an optical scheme that compensates for the instrument self-emission. This work shows the results of the analysis of the spectra, focusing on the far infrared portion of the atmospheric emitted radiance. The retrieval of the vertical profiles of water vapour and temperature during the flight is presented. The vertical resolution of the retrieval is 2 km in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS) region, and lower at higher altitudes. The comparison with ECMWF for validation is also shown. Besides the characterization of temperature and water vapour, from the analysis of the emitted radiance useful information can be gathered about cloud and aerosol contribution to radiation budget.
Deep learning with domain adaptation for accelerated projection‐reconstruction MR

The radial k‐space trajectory is a well‐established sampling trajectory used in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging. However, the radial k‐space trajectory requires a large number of radial lines for high‐resolution reconstruction. Increasing the number of radial lines causes longer acquisition time, making it more difficult for routine clinical use. On the other hand, if we reduce the number of radial lines, streaking artifact patterns are unavoidable. To solve this problem, we propose a novel deep learning approach with domain adaptation to restore high‐resolution MR images from under‐sampled k‐space data.
Urban environmental services: valuing the environmental benefits of solid waste recycling in Brazil

Taking into account environmental and economic aspects, this research aims at estimating the environmental services produced by municipal solid waste (MSW) recycling. The text values the urban environmental services associated with the recycling of steel, aluminium, paper, plastic and glass present in MSW in Brazil. Estimates indicate that benefits of current recycling rates reaches something between US$ 1.1 billion and US$ 2.4 billion per year; moreover, if all recyclable material were recycled, such benefits would increase up to US$ 5.2 billion.
The di-iron RIC protein (YtfE) of Escherichia coli interacts with the DNA-binding 1 protein from starved cells (Dps) to diminish RIC-protein-mediated redox stress 2

The RIC (Repair of Iron Clusters) protein of E. coli is a di-iron hemerythrin-like protein 21 that has a proposed function in repairing stress-damaged iron-sulphur clusters. To further 22 understand the mechanism of action of RIC, we performed a Bacterial Two Hybrid screen 23 of RIC-protein interaction partners in E. coli . As a result, the E. coli Dps was identified and 24 its potential interaction was confirmed by further BACTH assays and by Bimolecular- 25 Fluorescence-Complementation assay. The ric and dps single mutants displayed sensitivity 26 to NO and H 2 O 2 induced stress, respectively, whereas the ric dps double mutant displayed 27 sensitivity to both stresses at similar levels to those seen for the corresponding single 28 mutants. The activity of the Fe-S-containing aconitase enzyme was assayed as an indicator 29 of cellular Fe-S cluster damage. Results showed significant loss of activity under non-stress 30 conditions for the two single mutants, however, the double mutant displayed no loss of 31 aconitase activity with respect to the wild type. Furthermore, complementation of the ric 32 dps double mutant with multicopy ric led to a severe loss of aconitase activity, but this 33 effect was not observed when a gene encoding a di-iron site variant of the RIC protein was 34 employed. In addition, the dps mutant exhibited a large increase in ROS levels, but this 35 increase was eliminated when ric was also inactivated. Absence of other iron-storage 36 proteins, or of peroxidase and catalases had no impact of RIC-mediated redox stress 37 induction. In summary, the results indicate that Dps and RIC proteins interact to counter 38 RIC-protein-induced ROS. The mammalian immune system produces reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that kill 43 bacterial pathogens by damaging key cellular components such as lipids, DNA and 44 proteins. However, bacteria possess detoxifying and repair systems that mitigate such 45 deleterious effects. The E. coli RIC (Repair of Iron Clusters) protein is a di-iron 46 hemerythrin-like protein that repairs stress-damaged iron-sulphur clusters. E. coli Dps is an 47 iron-storage protein of the ferritin superfamily with DNA-binding that protects cells from 48 oxidative stress. We show that the RIC and Dps proteins interact in a fashion that counters 49 RIC-protein-induced ROS. Altogether, the results unveil the formation of a new bacterial 50 protein complex and reveal a novel contribution for Dps in bacterial redox-stress 51 protection.
THE BASIS OF ACCUMULATION DIFFERENCES IN PLANT 21-NT REPRODUCTIVE phasiRNAs, AND THEIR CIS-DIRECTED ACTIVITY

Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19711, USA Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, Delaware, 19711, USA National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan) Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China Division of Plant Sciences, 52 Agriculture Lab, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
Geotechnical properties of synthetic municipal solid waste

Abstract This paper presents the results of laboratory investigation performed to determine the geotechnical properties of synthetic municipal solid waste (SMSW) simulating typical composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in the United States. Initial characterization of SMSW was performed through the determination of particle size distribution, moisture content, and organic content. Hydraulic conductivity, compression ratio, and shear strength were studied for their variation and significance through replicate testing. Hydraulic conductivity ranged between 1.2 × 10-5 to 7.62 × 10-8 cm/s which is lower than that of field MSW, mainly due to the use of low-permeable glacial till soil to represent inert fraction of SMSW. Compression ratio ranged between 0.16 and 0.31 which is within the range reported for fresh MSW. Drained direct shear tests resulted in cohesion 16-19 kPa and friction angle 27-29°; these results are within the range reported in the literature for fresh MSW. Based on the results from triaxial consolidated undrained (CU) shear tests, SMSW exhibited cohesive behavior with 22 kPa cohesion and 7° friction angle as the total stress parameters. This study showed that the compressibility and direct shear behavior of SMSW tested during this research were similar to fresh MSW, but hydraulic conductivity and triaxial CU shear strength were different. Replicate testing and statistical analyses demonstrated that the test results did not vary significantly hence repeatability was assured.
Groundwater controls on vegetation composition and patterning in mountain meadows

Mountain meadows are groundwater‐dependent ecosystems that are hot spots of biodiversity and productivity. In the Sierra Nevada mountains of California, these ecosystems rely on shallow groundwater to support their vegetation communities during the dry summer growing season in the region's Mediterranean montane climate. Vegetation composition in this environment is influenced by both (1) oxygen stress that occurs when portions of the root zone are saturated and anaerobic conditions limit root respiration and (2) water stress that occurs when the water table drops and the root zone becomes water limited. A spatially distributed watershed model that explicitly accounts for snowmelt processes was linked to a fine‐resolution groundwater flow model of Tuolumne Meadows in Yosemite National Park, California, to simulate water table dynamics. This linked hydrologic model was calibrated to observations from a well observation network for 2006–2009. A vegetation survey was also conducted at the site in which the three dominant species were identified at more than 200 plots distributed across the meadow. Nonparametric multiplicative regression was performed to create and select the best models for predicting vegetation dominance on the basis of the simulated hydrologic regime. The hydrologic niches of three vegetation types representing wet, moist, and dry meadow vegetation communities were found to be best described using both (1) a sum exceedance value calculated as the integral of water table position above a depth threshold of oxygen stress and (2) a sum exceedance value calculated as the integral of water table position below a depth threshold of water stress. This linked hydrologic and vegetative modeling framework advances our ability to predict the propagation of human‐induced climatic and land use or land cover changes through the hydrologic system to the ecosystem. The hydroecologic functioning of meadows provides an example of the extent to which cascading hydrologic processes at watershed, hillslope, and riparian zones and within channels are reflected in the composition and distribution of riparian vegetation.
Diatom sensitivity to hydrological and nutrient variability in a subtropical, flood‐pulse wetland

The principal aim of this study was to disentangle hydrochemical influences on primary producers in a pristine, flood‐pulse ecosystem. This was undertaken by analysing diatoms from 100 sample points from hydrologically distinct regions in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Cluster analysis was undertaken using two‐way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), and groups used to classify sample points in a principal components analysis (PCA) biplot. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was performed using hydrological data and diatom guilds as explanatory variables. A series of ordinations using redundancy analysis (RDA) was undertaken to assess which variables significantly accounted for diatom variation across the Delta. Species‐response curves for major taxa were generated using generalized additive models (GAMs). Cluster analysis revealed six distinct groups. Groups 5 and 6 consisted mainly of seasonally inundated floodplain sites, which lay at one end of a significant gradient revealed by PCA. Floodplain diatoms were characteristically N‐heterotrophs, requiring elevated concentrations of key resources such as total nitrogen (TN) and SiO2. Using forward selection, constrained RDA reveals five variables were significant in explaining diatom distributions across the Delta: hydroperiod class, flood frequency, flow velocity and nutrients SiO2 and TN. Species‐response curves show that motile diatoms were most abundant in seasonally inundated floodplains. Species diversity was significantly higher in the upper Panhandle region of the Delta, which may be related to moderate levels of disturbance and increased resource limitation. Species diversity was significantly lower during the period of maximum flood extent, which may in turn be related to fewer limiting resources. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Notch pathway is required for protection against heat-stress in spermatogonial stem cells

Environmentally favorable conditions the sustainability of spermatogenesis is brought about by a balance between two types of division, the self-renewal division for the maintenance of the stem cell pool and the differentiation division for continuous production of spermatozoa. The production of gametes under unfavorable, stressful conditions can decrease or even be interrupted, compromising fertility parameters. Thus, the survival of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) is crucial for the recovery of spermatogenesis after stressful situations (e.g. high temperature). Here, we show that the Notch pathway protects the spermatogonial stem cells against thermal stress, ensuring reproductive success after normal conditions are restored. First, presenilin enhancer-2 (pen-2), the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase complex, was localized in SSCs of the medaka testis. The exposure of adult males to thermal stress condition induced apoptosis in all spermatogenics cells, with the exception of SSCs. Concomitantly, the Notch pathways was up-regulated, including the pen-2, its ligands (dll4, jag1-2) and its receptors (notch1a-3); pen-2 expression was restricted to the SSCs during thermal stress. The importance of this pathway was further supported by an ex vivo approach, in which the inhibition of Notch activity induced a loss of SSCs. Overall, this study demonstrates that the Notch pathways activity is necessary for the protection of SSCs under chronic thermal stress.
Solomon Islands: Malaita Hub scoping report

The CGIAR Research Program (CRP) Aquatic Agricultural Systems (AAS) will target five countries, including Solomon Islands. The proposed hubs for Solomon Islands were to cover most provinces, referencing the Western, Central and Eastern regions. Scoping of the initial â€˜Centralâ€™ hub was undertaken in Guadalcanal, Malaita and Central Islands provinces and this report details findings from all three. As scoping progressed however, it was agreed that, based on the AAS context and priority needs of each province and the Programâ€™s capacity for full implementation, the Central Hub would be restricted to Malaita Province only and renamed â€œMalaita Hubâ€ . Consistent in each AAS country, there are four steps in the program rollout: planning, scoping, diagnosis and design. Rollout of the Program in Solomon Islands began with a five month planning phase between August and December 2011, and scoping of the first hub began in January 2012. This report, the second to be produced during rollout, describes the findings from the scoping process between January and June 2012. This report marks the transition from the scoping phase to the diagnosis phase in which output from scoping was used to develop a hub level theory of change for identifying research opportunities. Subsequent reports detail in-depth analyses of gender, governance, nutrition and partner activities and discuss Program engagement with community members to identify grass-roots demand for research.
Riverine composition and estuarine geochemistry of particulate metals in China-weathering features, anthropogenic impact and chemical fluxes

Suspended sediments from large and middle size Chinese estuaries, including the Yalujiang, Shuangtaizihe, Luanhe, Jiaojiang and Zhujiang, were analysed to understand trace metal transport in the coastal zone. The determinations of 13 major and trace elements plus organic carbon were made of total concentrations and were fully validated by certified reference materials (CRMs). The combination of the data sets with other Chinese estuaries, such as Changjiang and Huanghe, provides an overview of particulate trace metal geochemistry in this region. Trace metal levels in Chinese rivers are relatively low compared with those draining industrialized regions of Europe and North America. In the estuaries, most particulate elements illustrate stable distribution in the mixing zone until a salinity of 30, especially when absolute concentrations are normalized to aluminium, although the total suspended matter (TSM) is quite different in time and space. Using Al as a reference, it was estimated that 25–40% for Cu, and 5–20% for Pb could remain in labile part in the Jiaojiang, Shuangtaizihe and Zhujiang, whereas different features of labile elements were found in the Changjiang and Luanhe. The mean enrichment factor (EFm) increases with higher sewage to river runoff ratio (S/R) over the drainage basin and EFm for suspended matter is higher than that for bottom sediments. Finally, inputs of particulate trace metals to the coast are estimated based on the riverine sediment load and chemical compositions.
University of Birmingham Evolution of the longitudinal and azimuthal structure of the near-side jet peak in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV

In two-particle angular correlation measurements, jets give rise to a near-side peak, formed by particles associated to a higher- p T trigger particle. Measurements of these correlations as a function of pseudorapidity ( (cid:2)η ) and azimuthal ( (cid:2)ϕ ) differences are used to extract the centrality and p T dependence of the shape of the near-side peak in the p T range 1 < p T < 8 GeV /c in Pb-Pb and pp collisions at √ s NN = 2.76 TeV. A combined ﬁt of the near-side peak and long-range correlations is applied to the data and the peak shape is quantiﬁed by the variance of the distributions. While the width of the peak in the (cid:2)ϕ direction is almost independent of centrality, a signiﬁcant broadening in the (cid:2)η direction is found from peripheral to central collisions. This feature is prominent for the low- p T region and vanishes above 4 GeV /c . The widths measured in peripheral collisions are equal to those in pp collisions in the (cid:2)ϕ direction and above 3 GeV /c in the (cid:2)η direction. Furthermore, for the 10% most central collisions and 1 < p T , assoc < 2 GeV /c , 1 < p T , trig < 3 GeV /c , a departure from a Gaussian shape is found: a depletion develops around the center of the peak. The results are compared to A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) model simulation as well as other theoretical calculations indicating that the broadening and the development of the depletion are connected to the strength of radial and longitudinal ﬂow.
Inference of field‐scale fracture transmissivities in crystalline rock using flow log measurements

Characterization of transmissivity for crystalline rock is conducted through simulation by conditioning against borehole flow rates obtained from high‐resolution, in situ field measurements during extraction pumping. Full three‐dimensional discrete fracture network simulations are carried out according to specifications obtained from site characterization data in a stochastic Monte Carlo setting. A novel method of conditioning is thereby introduced and applied using nonparametric comparison tests, which provide quantifiable measures of accuracy enabling evaluation of simulated results against field measurements. The assumption of a constitutive relationship (perfect correlation) between fracture size and transmissivity is adopted. The method is evaluated against both single and multiple realizations, various domain size, and fracture length configurations and shown to be robust for the cases considered. When the introduced method of conditioning is applied, transmissivity parameterization can be inferred to a narrow range with a quantifiable accuracy in terms of a probability value. Results indicate that elementary interpretation of transmissivity based on homogenization of a porous medium will generally underestimate transmissivity. Further implications on advective transport for natural flow conditions are briefly evaluated, indicating advective breakthrough times can be overestimated up to a factor of about 10 in the median.