Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Discrimination Analysis for Unsupervised Feature Selection via Optic Diffraction Principle

This paper proposes an unsupervised discrimination analysis for feature selection based on a property of the Fourier transform of the probability density distribution. Each feature is evaluated on the basis of a simple observation motivated by the concept of optical diffraction, which is invariant under feature scaling. The time complexity is O(mn), where m is number of features and n is number of instances when being applied directly to the given data. This approach is also extended to deal with data orientation, which is the direction of data alignment. Therefore, the discrimination score of any transformed space can be used for evaluating the original features. The experimental results on several real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Self-monitoring of oral anticoagulation: does it work outside trial conditions?

Background: Patient self-monitoring (PSM) of oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT) can improve anticoagulant control, but poor uptake and high dropout rates have prompted suggestions that PSM is suitable for only a minority of patients in the UK. Aims: To determine whether PSM could be a viable alternative to regular hospital anticoagulant clinic attendance, if offered from the start of treatment. Methods: 318 consecutive patients referred, for the first time, to an anticoagulation clinic were assessed for eligibility using established criteria. Patients electing for PSM attended training and, following successful assessment, performed a capillary blood INR every two weeks or more frequently if directed to do so by the anticoagulation clinic. Primary outcome measures were uptake of PSM and the percentage time in target therapeutic INR range (TIR) compared to patients electing for routine clinic care. Results: Of 318 patients referred for OAT, 188 were eligible for PSM. 84 (26%) elected to self-monitor, of whom 72 (23%) remained self-monitoring or had completed their course of treatment at the end of the audit. Self-monitoring patients had significantly better anticoagulant control than those receiving routine hospital anticoagulation clinic care (TIR 71% vs 60%, p = 0.003) and significantly less time outside critical limits, ie, INR <1.5 or >5.0 (0.45% vs 2.04%, p = 0.008). Conclusions: Patients offered PSM from the start of treatment show increased uptake compared to previous UK studies and a level of oral anticoagulation control comparable to that reported in previous clinical trials.
System Stability Impact of Large-Scale and Distributed Solar Photovoltaic Generation: The Case of Ontario, Canada

This paper presents a comparative investigation of (PV) effect on system stability at different penetration levels. Three different scenarios with their relevant dynamic models are considered, namely, distributed units, and centralized farms with and without voltage regulation capabilities. Based on these models, the impact is examined through eigenvalue, voltage stability and transient stability analyses using real network data pertaining to Ontario and its neighboring systems. This impact is quantized in monetary terms based on the long run marginal cost of electricity production in Ontario. It is demonstrated that distributed solar PV generators are significantly more advantageous, from the stability point of view, than solar farms.
Shape-Induced Terminal Differentiation of Human Epidermal Stem Cells Requires p38 and Is Regulated by Histone Acetylation

Engineered model substrates are powerful tools for examining interactions between stem cells and their microenvironment. Using this approach, we have previously shown that restricted cell adhesion promotes terminal differentiation of human epidermal stem cells via activation of serum response factor (SRF) and transcription of AP-1 genes. Here we investigate the roles of p38 MAPK and histone acetylation. Inhibition of p38 activity impaired SRF transcriptional activity and shape-induced terminal differentiation of human keratinocytes. In addition, inhibiting p38 reduced histone H3 acetylation at the promoters of SRF target genes, FOS and JUNB. Although histone acetylation correlated with SRF transcriptional activity and target gene expression, treatment with the histone de-acetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA) blocked terminal differentiation on micro-patterned substrates and in suspension. TSA treatment simultaneously maintained expression of LRIG1, TP63, and ITGB1. Therefore, global histone de-acetylation represses stem cell maintenance genes independent of SRF. Our studies establish a novel role for extrinsic physical cues in the regulation of chromatin remodeling, transcription, and differentiation of human epidermal stem cells.
SUPPORTING QUALITY OF SERVICE IN HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS: FROM ATM TO GSM

Recent years have seen significant advances in high-speed networks, highperformance end-systems and large capacity storage devices which are giving continuing impetus to the evolution of wide area distributed computing. In contrast to the ever increasing performance levels being achieved in this area, one of the most promising topics of the 1990's, mobile computing, suffers from a number of inherent constraints on the performance of the networks and end-systems it uses. Because of the widely differing technological environment of these fields, the respective research communities have tended to concentrate on separate issues and remain largely distinct. However, as we move towards global heterogeneous networks it is important that the high-speed networking and mobile computing fields converge. In this paper we argue that much state-of-the-art research in high-speed networks is of direct relevance to mobile computing. In particular, we discuss the extended use of quality-of-service (QoS) parameterisation, initially developed to support real-time processing of continuous media types, to support mobile applications; and we describe extensions to the Chorus micro-kernel to support QoS configurability over both high-speed and mobile networks. These extensions allow applications to monitor the underlying system's QoS and adapt to the type of large fluctuations in QoS which are a characteristic of mobile environments.
Using Bisphenol-A to Study the Onset of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

1 Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA 2 Pharmacology Research Associate Program, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA *Correspondence: klenkee@ninds.nih.gov; bruce.hutchins@nih.gov †Ulrike Klenke and B. Ian Hutchins have contributed equally to this work.
Early stage dissolution characteristics of aluminosilicate glasses with blast furnace slag‐ and fly‐ash‐like compositions

The authors would like to thank Nanocem (www.nanocem.org), an industrial-academic research network for sustainable cement and concrete research, for their financial support. The use of the ToF-SIMS and XPS facilities at iNano, Arhus University is much appreciated and particularly the support offered by John Hansen. Special thanks to Ruben Snellings for providing one of the glass samples and valuable discussions.
Sox 9 regulates hyperexpression of Wnt 1 and Fzd 1 in human osteosarcoma tissues and cells

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor that has poor prognosis. Molecular mechanisms underlying disease progression remain largely unknown. Sox9, one of the Sox family transcription factors, is closely associated with the development of a variety of malignant tumors. This study investigates the expression of Sox9, Wnt1 and Fzd1 in human osteosarcoma tissues and cells and the role of Sox9 in the proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells. Immunohistochemical analyses for Sox9, Wnt1, Fzd1, and Ki-67 proteins were performed in human primary osteosarcoma tissues from 48 patients. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) of Sox9 was transfected into human osteosarcoma MG63 cells. At 24 and 48 h after transfection with Sox9 siRNA, the expression of Wnt1 and Fzd1 was analyzed by RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence techniques. Cell proliferation was assayed by CCK-8 method, and Ki-67 protein expression was analyzed by Western blot. Results showed that the expressions of Sox9, Wnt1, Fzd1, and Ki-67 proteins in human osteosarcoma tissues were higher than those in the adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Hyperexpressions of Sox9, Wnt1, Fzd1, and Ki-67 proteins occurred more frequently in human osteosarcoma tissues with an advanced clinical stage (IIb/III). Sox9 siRNA reduced both mRNA and protein expression levels of Wnt1 and Fzd1, which result in the distinct inhibition of MG63 cell proliferation. Our study suggests that Sox9 siRNA inhibits the proliferation capability of human osteosarcoma cells by down-regulating the expression of Wnt1 and its receptor Fzd1, which may provide new gene targets for the clinical treatment of osteosarcoma.
Categorization framework to aid hazard identification of nanomaterials

The physical, chemical and biological properties of various nanomaterials differ substantially – as do the potential risks they pose. We argue that nanomaterials must be categorized based on the location of the nanoscale structure in the system/material before their hazards can be assessed and propose a categorization framework that enables scientists and regulators to identify the categories of nanomaterials systematically. The framework is applied to a suggested hazard identification approach aimed at identifying causality between inherent physical and chemical properties and observed adverse effects reported in the literature. We tested the workability of the proposed procedure using nanoparticles as an illustrative case study. A database was generated noting the reported inherent physical and chemical properties of the nanoparticles tested and the main effects observed. 428 studies were noted in the database reporting on a total of 965 nanoparticles. We found that although a limited number of studies have been reported on ecotoxicity, more than 120 and 270 have been reported on mammalian toxicity and cytotoxicity, respectively. In general there was a lack of characterization of the nanoparticles studied and it was not possible to link specific properties of nanoparticles to the observed effects. Our study shows that future research strategies must have a strong focus on characterization of the nanoparticles tested.
Generalizations of Cliques, Odd Cycles and Anticycles and Their Relation to Independence System Polyhedra

Padberg Padberg, M. W. 1973. On the facial structure of set packing polyhedra. Math. Programming5 199--215. has shown that if a graph G with vertex set V constitutes a clique odd cycle, odd anticycle, then the inequality Σx∈Vxv ≤ 1 Σx∈Vxv ≤ ½|V|-1, Σx∈Vxv ≤ 2 defines a facet of PISTG, the convex hull of the incidence vectors of stable sets in G. We generalize the concepts of cliques, odd cycles and anticycles to arbitrary independence systems E, I and show that the corresponding inequalities define facets of PI, the convex hull of the incidence vectors of independent sets.
Motion Codec Ant Forensics

This paper designs an anti-forensics technique for video files. In this technique the frames are extracted from the video and extracted frames are analysed by using the total variation and the Q. The relation of the total variation and the Q is used to get whether particular frame is dithered or not. The simulation is carried out on the video downloaded from the internet and analysed by using the Tp rate, Fp rate etc over the MATLAB.
Anterior Loop of the Mental foramen in a Turkish Subpopulation with Dentate Patients: a Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study

Amac: Bu retrospektif calismanin amaci mental foramende anterior lup varliginin Turk subpopulasyonundaki sikligini ve tiplerini konik isinli bilgisayarli tomografi (KIBT) ile degerlendirmektir. Yontemler: Calismada 20-69 yaslari arasinda 138 kadin, 141 erkek olmak uzere 279 disli hasta degerlendirilmistir. Mandibular kanalin mental foramende sonlanma sekli 3 tip olarak siniflandirilmistir. Buna gore Tip 1; mental dalin inferior alveolar siniri mental foramenin posteriorunda kalacak sekilde terk etmesi olarak tanimlanmistir. Tip 2; mental dalin inferior alveolar siniri mental foramene dik olacak sekilde terk etmesi olarak tanimlanmistir. Tip 3; mental dalin inferior alveolar siniri mental foramenin anteriorunda kalacak sekilde terk etmesi olarak tanimlanmistir. Tip 1 ve 2 de anterior lup varligindan bahsedilmezken Tip 3’ un anterior lup varligini gosterdigi belirtilmistir. Bulgular: Tip 3, Tip2 ve Tip1 sonlanma sekillerinin dagilimi sirasiyla %59.5, %31.9 ve %8.6 olarak belirlenmistir. Ayni hastada sag ve sol tarafta ayni anda Tip 1, Tip 2 ya da Tip 3 sonlanma sekli dagilimlari ise sirasiyla %1.8, %17.2 ve %45.5 olarak bulunmustur. Sag ve sol tarafta kadinlar ve erkekler arasinda istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir farklilik tespit edilmemistir. Sonuc: KIBT; mental sinirin inferior alveolar sinirden ayrilip mental foramene ulasmak icin izledigi yolu uc-boyutlu olarak degerlendirmek icin guvenle kullanilabilir. Foramenler arasi bolgeyi ilgilendiren bir cok cerrahi operasyon oncesinde, mental foramenin meziyalinde mental sinir dalina ait olasi bir lup varligi kolaylikla tanimlanabilir. Anahtar sozcukler: Konik isinli bilgisayarli tomografi, mandibular kanal, inferior alveoler sinir, mental foramen, anterior lup ABS TRACT Anterior loop of the mental foramen in a Turkish subpopulation with dentate patients: a cone beam computed tomography study
The Cell Cycle Independence of HIV Infections Is Not Determined by Known Karyophilic Viral Elements

Human immunodeficiency virus and other lentiviruses infect cells independent of cell cycle progression, but gammaretroviruses, such as the murine leukemia virus (MLV) require passage of cells through mitosis. This property is thought to be important for the ability of HIV to infect resting CD4+ T cells and terminally differentiated macrophages. Multiple and independent redundant nuclear localization signals encoded by HIV have been hypothesized to facilitate migration of viral genomes into the nucleus. The integrase (IN) protein of HIV is one of the HIV elements that targets to the nucleus; however, its role in nuclear entry of virus genomes has been difficult to describe because mutations in IN are pleiotropic. To investigate the importance of the HIV IN protein for infection of non-dividing cells, and to investigate whether or not IN was redundant with other viral signals for cell cycle-independent nuclear entry, we constructed an HIV-based chimeric virus in which the entire IN protein of HIV was replaced by that of MLV. This chimeric virus with a heterologous IN was infectious at a low level, and was able to integrate in an IN-dependent manner. Furthermore, this virus infected non-dividing cells as well as it infected dividing cells. Moreover, we used the chimeric HIV with MLV IN to further eliminate all of the other described nuclear localization signals from an HIV genome—matrix, IN, Viral Protein R, and the central polypurine tract—and show that no combination of the virally encoded NLS is essential for the ability of HIV to infect non-dividing cells.
Genetic Programming: Efficient Modeling Tool in Hydrology and Groundwater Management

[Extract] With the advent of computers a wide range of mathematical and numerical models have been developed with the intent of predicting or approximating parts of hyrdrologic cycle. Prior to the advent of conceptual process based models, physical hydraulic models, which are reduced scale representations of large hydraulic systems, were used commonly in water resources engineering. Fast development in the computational systems and numerical solutions of complex differential equations enabled development of conceptual models to represent physical systems. Thus, in the last two decades large number of mathematical models was developed to represent different processes in hydrological cycle.
Preparation and Evaluation of Liquid and Solid Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Mebendazole

The aim of present study was to develop solid and liquid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of poorly water soluble drug mebendazole using Aerosil 200 as solid carrier. Microemulsions are clear, stable, isotropic liquid mixtures of oil, water and surfactant, frequently in combination with a co-surfactant having droplet size range usually in the range of 20-250 nm. Oleic acid, tween 80 and polypropylene glycol were selected as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant respectively and for preparation of stable SMEDDS, micro emulsion region was identified by constructing pseudo ternary phase diagram containing different proportion of surfactant: co-surfactant (1:1, 2:1 and 3:1), oil and water. In brief S/ CoS mix means surfactant to co-surfactant and oil were mixed at ratio of 1:9, 2:8, 3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2 and 9:1 manner. To the resultant mixtures, water was added drop wise till the first sign of turbidity in order to identify the end point and after equilibrium; if the system became clear then the water addition was continued. Prepared optimised formula of microemulsion was evaluated for SEM, particle size analysis, polydispersity index, phase separation, viscosity determination, zeta potential, in- vitro dissolution study and in- vivo studies. The optimized microemulsion was converted into solid form by Spray Drying technique by using Aerosil 200 as solid carrier. Prepared SMEDDS was characterized for same parameters as that of microemulsion. Solid SMEDDS of mebendazole prepared using Aerosil 200 by spray drying technique showed good drug content uniformity. After reconstitution it formed microemulsion with micrometric range. In-vitro drug release and in-vivo plasma drug concentration of microemulsion and SMEDDS was much higher than that of marketed praparation. Hence lipid based drug delivery system may efficiently formulate microemulsion and it can be solidified easily by spray drying technique which enhances dissolution rate and thus concomitantly bioavailability. In conclusion ,self micro emulsifying drug delivery system has become promising tool to overcome shortcomings associated with conventional delivery. Kew words: Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system, Microemulsion, Mebendazole.
Engendering Change: Organizational Dynamics and Workplace Gender Desegregation, 1975–2005

We examine workplace-level sources of gender inequality to explore the link between organizational change and levels of workplace gender integration over time. To do so, we analyze the gender division of labor and key structural aspects of U.S. private-sector work establishments, using longitudinal data from the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission from 1975 to 2005. We find that women's presence in managerial positions is positively related to gender integration, as is both establishment size and growth. Additionally, the results show that trends toward gender integration are due to change within workplaces rather than new, relatively integrated workplaces entering the population overtime. Our results also provide compelling evidence that the effect of female managers varies dramatically across organizational contexts, with the strongest desegregating effects in larger and growing establishments. Finally, the effect of women's access to organizational power structures has sharply diminished overtime.
Alternatives to Lead as a Machinability Enhancer in Free Cutting Steels

Low levels of lead are added to free cutting steels to improve machinability. For environmental reasons, there is interest in alternatives to lead that are technically and commercially viable. The machining performance of eight low carbon free cutting steels with alternative machinability enhancers, including additions of bismuth, increased sulphur (with and without tellurium), tin and phosphorus, has been investigated. In tests with high speed steel tools and lubricant, the leaded steel showed the best performance in terms of production rate, surface finish and chip form. In tests with coated carbide tools at a range of cutting speeds the standard non‐leaded 11 SMn30 steel performed well in terms of tool wear, but showed poorer chip form than the leaded steel. The steels with increased sulphur showed improved performance compared with the 11SMn30 steel in tests using high speed steel tools and lubricant, but did not approach the leaded steel in terms of production rate. The steels containing tin did not generally perform better than the 11 SMn30 steel. The 11 SMn30Bi steel gave performance approaching that of the leaded steel in tests with high speed steel tools and lubricant. However, the cost of this addition may make it uneconomic for large scale use.
Dynamic and programmable self-assembly of micro-rafts at the air-water interface

We built an out-of-equilibrium material system by designing competing interactions that are both dissipative and programmable. Dynamic self-assembled material systems constantly consume energy to maintain their spatiotemporal structures and functions. Programmable self-assembly translates information from individual parts to the collective whole. Combining dynamic and programmable self-assembly in a single platform opens up the possibilities to investigate both types of self-assembly simultaneously and to explore their synergy. This task is challenging because of the difficulty in finding suitable interactions that are both dissipative and programmable. We present a dynamic and programmable self-assembling material system consisting of spinning at the air-water interface circular magnetic micro-rafts of radius 50 μm and with cosinusoidal edge-height profiles. The cosinusoidal edge-height profiles not only create a net dissipative capillary repulsion that is sustained by continuous torque input but also enable directional assembly of micro-rafts. We uncover the layered arrangement of micro-rafts in the patterns formed by dynamic self-assembly and offer mechanistic insights through a physical model and geometric analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrate programmable self-assembly and show that a 4-fold rotational symmetry encoded in individual micro-rafts translates into 90° bending angles and square-based tiling in the assembled structures of micro-rafts. We anticipate that our dynamic and programmable material system will serve as a model system for studying nonequilibrium dynamics and statistical mechanics in the future.
Wireless Power Transfer in Cooperative DF Relaying Networks with Log-Normal Fading

Energy-harvesting (EH) and wireless power transfer in cooperative relaying networks have recently attracted a considerable amount of research attention. Most of the existing work on this topic however focuses on Rayleigh fading channels which represents outdoor environments. Unlike these studies, in this paper we analyze the performance of wireless power transfer in two-hop decode-and- forward (DF) cooperative relaying systems in indoor channels characterized by log-normal fading. Three well-known EH protocols are considered in our evaluations: a) time switching relaying (TSR), b) power splitting relaying (PSR) and c) ideal relaying receiver (IRR). The performance is evaluated in terms of the ergodic outage probability for which we derive accurate analytical expressions for the three systems under consideration. Results reveal that careful selection of the EH time and power splitting factors in the TSR- and PSR-based system are important to optimize performance. It is also presented that the optimized PSR system has near- ideal performance and that increasing the source transmit power and/or the energy harvester efficiency can further improve performance.
Rejuvenating immunity: “anti-aging drug today” eight years later

The 2014 year ended with celebration: Everolimus, a rapamycin analog, was shown to improve immunity in old humans, heralding ‘a turning point’ in research and new era in human quest for immortality. Yet, this turning point was predicted a decade ago. But what will cause human death, when aging will be abolished?