Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Executive function in depression: the role of performance strategies in aiding depressed and non-depressed participants

OBJECTIVES Depression has been found to be associated with dysfunction in executive processes, whereas relatively automatic processes are thought to remain intact. Failure to generate or implement adequate performance strategies has been postulated in depressed participants. The present study investigated spontaneous strategy usage in depressed and control participants, and the effectiveness of providing a hint about performance strategies. METHODS Unipolar depressed participants were compared with matched healthy controls on three tasks sensitive to executive function: memory for categorised words, response suppression, and multiple scheduling. Participants in each group were randomly allocated to strategy aid and no strategy aid conditions. Those in the strategy aid condition were given a hint about the use of an appropriate performance strategy for each task, in addition to the standard instructions given to those in the no strategy aid condition. RESULTS Depressed participants performed worse than controls on each of the three tasks, and were found to use appropriate performance strategies less often. Provision of strategy hints increased the use of performance strategies in two of the three tasks, memory for categorised words, and response suppression, but did not significantly improve overall performance for either group. CONCLUSIONS The findings were consistent with the view that depressed participants fail to use appropriate performance strategies spontaneously to the same extent as controls. However, provision of information alone does not seem to be an adequate means of enhancing performance. The role of performance strategies in cognitive impairment in depression is discussed, both in terms of initiating use of such strategies and carrying these out efficiently.
Comparative Studies on Haematological Values of Broiler Strains ( Ross , Cobb , Arbor-acres and Arian )

Measurement of haematological parameters provides valuable information for evaluation of health status of man and animals, but due to lack of reference values for avian blood profiles, it is not widely used in poultry. This study has contributed to the current knowledge on avian blood profiles, or more specifically demonstrated leukograms and haemograms of four main broiler strains (Ross, Cobb, Arbor-Acres, and Arian) during 8 weeks husbandry period. Blood samples were collected from chickens at different age (1 to 56 days old) with 7-day sampling intervals. Total numbers of RBC and WBC, PCV, Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC, ESR, together with absolute count of heterophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils as well as H / L ratio were determined. One-way ANOVA, Wilcoxon, Spearman correlation and Kruskal-Wallis H tests from SPSS11 were used for statistical analysis of the results. This study showed that age affects significantly (P<0.05) the haematological profiles of the broiler strains. With increasing of age, the erythrocytic parameters (except MCV, MCH, and MCHC) and leukocytic parameters (except heterophils and H / L ratio) were significantly increased (P<0.01), but MCV, MCH and absolute count of heterophils as well as H / L ratio were significantly decreased (P<0.01).
ENFOQUE ECOLÓGICO Y DE DIVERGENCIA INFERENCIAL DE LAS REPRESENTACIONES SOCIALES: DOS PARADIGMAS DE UNA NUEVA EPISTEMOLOGÍA EN PSICOLOGÍA COGNITIVA, SOCIAL Y ECONÓMICA

A partir del campo de exploracion y evaluacion de procesos cognitivos de coherencia de razonamiento y de organizacion racional de la mente, se puede avanzar sobre el estudio de las estructuras inferenciales de las representaciones mentales individuales y sociales. Postulamos y hemos comprobado que las representaciones sociales estan en parte generadas por procesos de convergencia inferencial de conceptos y significados que permiten la mutua comprension y facil comunicacion entre agentes sociales, pero tambien estan determinadas por procesos de diversificacion y divergencia inferencial que constituyen fuentes de disenso e incomprension conceptual, que se suma al habitual error social de atribucion. Esto se ve como un problema de incomensurabilidad de las representaciones sociales. Sobre ello, se hace referencia al caracter divergente y de inconmensurabilidad o incomparabilidad de las teorias cientificas (Kuhn, Feyerabend) y de los enfoques teoricistas top-down. Consecuentemente, se destaca el rol fundamental del enfoque ecologico de tipo bottom-up que permite descubrir un nuevo espacio de significados basico-naturales convergentes que cambia fundamentalmente la comprension y explicacion de procesos cognitivos abstractos y complejos como la percepcion, la formacion de conceptos, el constructo personal, etc., y se postula como una estrategia-herramienta que ayuda a superar los problemas de divergencia o inconmensurabilidad alegados. Resumen en Ingles From the exploration and evaluation of cognitive processes of reasoning coherence and rational organization of mind, it is possible to advance into the study of inferential structures of mental representations, both individual and social. Social representations are partly generated by processes of inferential convergence in concepts and meanings, thus making it easy social understanding and communication. However, social representations are also determined by processes of inferential divergence which constitute sources of social dissent and concept misunderstanding. This has been seen as a problem of incommensurability both in social and scientific representations, such as theories (Kuhn, Feyerabend). Incommensurability is seen as a consequence of using different vertical approaches in cognitive sciences, such as the top-down and bottom-up approaches to perception and concept formation and categorization. Using these two approaches one can get a different interpretation and comprehension of the same cognitive processes, whatever its complexity or abstractness. This way, the ecological bottom-up approach is analyzed in order to explain how incommensurability and inferential divergence of theories and social representations could be overcome. Palabras Clave Representacion Inferencia Enfoque Ecologico
Candidate proteomic biomarkers for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) discovered with mass-spectrometry: a systematic review

Abstract Context: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by lipid accumulation in the liver which is accompanied by a series of metabolic deregulations. There are sustained research efforts focusing upon biomarker discovery for NAFLD diagnosis and its prognosis in order investigate and follow-up patients as minimally invasive as possible. Objective: The objective of this study is to critically review proteomic studies that used mass spectrometry techniques and summarize relevant proteomic NAFLD candidate biomarkers. Methods: Medline and Embase databases were searched from inception to December 2014. Results: A final number of 22 records were included that identified 251 candidate proteomic biomarkers. Thirty-three biomarkers were confirmed – 14 were found in liver samples, 21 in serum samples, and two from both serum and liver samples. Conclusion: Some of the biomarkers identified have already been extensively studied regarding their diagnostic and prognostic capacity. However, there are also more potential biomarkers that still need to be addressed in future studies.
Retrospective clinicopathological study of malignant bone tumors in children and adolescents in Romania – single center experience

Rationale: There is few data on epidemiology or clinico-pathology of malignant bone tumors in children and adolescents in Romania. These tumors are very rare compared to other malignancies, yet they account for a major source of mortality and morbidity among patients with cancer. Bone tumors often have a similar presentation and clinical approach, but they present individual characteristics that are important for treatment and prognosis. Objective: To describe the characteristics of primary malignant bone tumors in children and adolescents in Romania. Methods and Results: A retrospective analysis of all malignant bone tumors registered at a large referral center, “Maria Sklodowska Curie” Emergency Hospital for Children, between 2005 and 2013 was presented. A total of 146 biopsies and surgical resection specimens were reviewed during this period, and were classified as malignant bone tumors. There were 91 boys and 55 girls in the series, with a male-female ratio of 1.65:1. The average patient age was 13.32 years (2 to 19). The most common anatomical distribution of the tumors was femur - 32.19%, tibia - 25.34% and humerus - 11.64%. Histologically, we found osteosarcoma in 54.1% of all bone tumors, followed by Ewing’s sarcoma – 30.82% and chondrosarcoma – 8.9%. Discussion: Geographic location did not appear to represent a risk factor for any particular type of bone tumor. Our results were parallel to the findings previously reported in the general literature; the distribution and the epidemiology were similar to those in the other developed and underdeveloped countries. Malignant bone tumors in our country have a high mortality rate, because of the late diagnosis.
Cardiorenal Effects of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

emodynamic stability in humans is highly dependent on proper functioning of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). This cascade plays an integral role in maintaining vascular tone, cardiac function, and optimal salt and water homeostasis. Overactivity of this peptide hormone system can result in pathology, and experimental evidence suggests that the RAAS contributes significantly to untoward cardiorenal effects. This article examines the evidence regarding the RAAS in cardiac and renal pathology and reviews the role of pharmacologic inhibitors of the RAAS in preventing and ameliorating kidney and heart disease. OVERVIEW OF THE RAAS The RAAS plays a primary role in the preservation of hemodynamic stability in humans. Changes in cardiac pump function, coronary blood flow, and systemic arterial compliance underlie the role of the RAAS on the cardiovascular system in maintaining circulatory integrity. Renal effects of the RAAS are geared primarily toward regulating extracellular fluid volume, sodium and water homeostasis, and electrolyte balance. The RAAS achieves this through complementary interactions with hemodynamic effects produced by other vasomotor systems, including the sympathetic nervous system and several vasoactive hormones (eg, endothelin, nitric oxide, adenosine, and atrial natriuretic peptide). These complementary interactions allow the RAAS to respond to a variety of threats that may compromise blood pressure stability, extracellular fluid volume homeostasis and, ultimately, critical end-organ perfusion. The RAAS comprises a cascade of peptide hormones (Figure 1) whose synthesis is primarily triggered by the release of renin from the kidney. Renin cleaves the substrate angiotensinogen (secreted by the liver), resulting in the biologically inactive peptide angiotensin I. Angiotensin I then is efficiently converted in the bloodstream to the octapeptide angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). This ubiquitous proteolytic enzyme is synthesized in pulmonary endothelial cells, endothelial cells of the vasculature, and cell membranes of the heart, kidneys, and brain. ACE produces angiotensin II following the systemic delivery of angiotensin I to organs where ACE activity occurs. As seen in Figure 1, however, non-renin and non-ACE pathways that are capable of generating angiotensin II also exist and have been termed ACEindependent pathways. Systemic delivery of angiotensin I is fundamental to RAAS function; however, many organ tissues also possess angiotensinogen, ACE, and the alternate pathway enzymes noted above. The presence of these components in organs, termed tissue RAAS, permits local regulation of this cascade independent of systemic angio
Genetic Representation and Evolvability of Modular Neural Controllers

The manual design of control systems for robotic devices can be challenging. Methods for the automatic synthesis of control systems, such as the evolution of artificial neural networks, are thus widely used in the robotics community. However, in many robotic tasks where multiple interdependent control problems have to be solved simultaneously, the performance of conventional neuroevolution techniques declines. In this paper, we identify interference between the adaptation of different parts of the control system as one of the key challenges in the evolutionary synthesis of artificial neural networks. As modular network architectures have been shown to reduce the effects of such interference, we propose a novel, implicit modular genetic representation that allows the evolutionary algorithm to automatically shape modular network topologies. Our experiments with plastic neural networks in a simple maze learning task indicate that adding a modular genetic representation to a state-of-the-art implicit neuroevolution method leads to better algorithm performance and increases the robustness of evolved solutions against detrimental mutations.
Association of statins with aortic, peripheral, and visceral artery aneurysm development

Objectives Prior studies examining the effects of statins on arterial aneurysm development and progression yielded conflicting results due to their smaller size and presence of residual confounders. The objective of this study is to examine the association of statins with risk of being diagnosed with aortic, peripheral, and visceral artery aneurysm. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of Tricare enrollees (from 1 October 2003 to 31 March 2012). Main outcomes were diagnosis of aortic, peripheral, or visceral artery aneurysm and undergoing aortic aneurysm repair procedure during follow-up period. Using 115 baseline characteristics, we generated a propensity score to match statin users and nonusers and examine the odds of outcomes (primary analysis). Secondary analysis examined outcomes at various subcohorts. Results Out of 10,910 statin users and 49,545 nonusers, we propensity score-matched 6728 pairs of statin users and nonusers. Statin users and nonusers had similar odds of being diagnosed with aortic, peripheral, and visceral artery aneurysms (odds ratio [OR]: 1.06, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.85–1.33) and of undergoing aortic aneurysm repair procedures (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.22–1.35). Secondary analysis showed a tendency toward fewer aortic aneurysm procedures among statin users that did not reach statistical significance. However, high-intensity statin users in comparison to non-intensive statin users had higher adjusted odds of aortic, peripheral, and visceral artery aneurysms (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.37–2.25, p < .0001). Conclusions This study does not support a clinically significant benefit or harm from statins regarding development of arterial aneurysm. However, secondary analyses may support the hypothesis proposed by previous research proposing a bidirectional role for statins.
Incidence of adenocarcinoma among patients with Barrett's esophagus.

BACKGROUND Accurate population-based data are needed on the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma and high-grade dysplasia among patients with Barrett's esophagus. METHODS We conducted a nationwide, population-based, cohort study involving all patients with Barrett's esophagus in Denmark during the period from 1992 through 2009, using data from the Danish Pathology Registry and the Danish Cancer Registry. We determined the incidence rates (numbers of cases per 1000 person-years) of adenocarcinoma and high-grade dysplasia. As a measure of relative risk, standardized incidence ratios were calculated with the use of national cancer rates in Denmark during the study period. RESULTS We identified 11,028 patients with Barrett's esophagus and analyzed their data for a median of 5.2 years. Within the first year after the index endoscopy, 131 new cases of adenocarcinoma were diagnosed. During subsequent years, 66 new adenocarcinomas were detected, yielding an incidence rate for adenocarcinoma of 1.2 cases per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9 to 1.5). As compared with the risk in the general population, the relative risk of adenocarcinoma among patients with Barrett's esophagus was 11.3 (95% CI, 8.8 to 14.4). The annual risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma was 0.12% (95% CI, 0.09 to 0.15). Detection of low-grade dysplasia on the index endoscopy was associated with an incidence rate for adenocarcinoma of 5.1 cases per 1000 person-years. In contrast, the incidence rate among patients without dysplasia was 1.0 case per 1000 person-years. Risk estimates for patients with high-grade dysplasia were slightly higher. CONCLUSIONS Barrett's esophagus is a strong risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma, but the absolute annual risk, 0.12%, is much lower than the assumed risk of 0.5%, which is the basis for current surveillance guidelines. Data from the current study call into question the rationale for ongoing surveillance in patients who have Barrett's esophagus without dysplasia. (Funded by the Clinical Institute, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.).
Expression of a Mutant Form of Cellulose Synthase AtCesA7 Causes Dominant Negative Effect on Cellulose Biosynthesis1

Cellulose synthase catalytic subunits (CesAs) have been implicated in catalyzing the biosynthesis of cellulose, the major component of plant cell walls. Interactions between CesA subunits are thought to be required for normal cellulose synthesis, which suggests that incorporation of defective CesA subunits into cellulose synthase complex could potentially cause a dominant effect on cellulose synthesis. However, all CesA mutants so far reported have been shown to be recessive in terms of cellulose synthesis. In the course of studying the molecular mechanisms regulating secondary wall formation in fibers, we have found that a mutant allele of AtCesA7 gene in the fra5 (fragile fiber 5) mutant causes a semidominant phenotype in the reduction of fiber cell wall thickness and cellulose content. The fra5 missense mutation occurred in a conserved amino acid located in the second cytoplasmic domain of AtCesA7. Overexpression of the fra5 mutant cDNA in wild-type plants not only reduced secondary wall thickness and cellulose content but also decreased primary wall thickness and cell elongation. In contrast, overexpression of the fra6 mutant form of AtCesA8 did not cause any reduction in cell wall thickness and cellulose content. These results suggest that the fra5 mutant protein may interfere with the function of endogenous wild-type CesA proteins, thus resulting in a dominant negative effect on cellulose biosynthesis.
Semantic orientation calculation of words with different part of speech

with the rapid development of Internet, the network gradually changes from simple static information carrier into platform on which people express their views and show personality. Faced with such a sea of emotional information-rich text, it is urgent to find method of a quick orientation calculation on the large-scale text. Orientation calculation of words is the basis of orientation calculation on the large-scale text. Aiming at the problem that is orientation calculation of words relies mainly upon benchmark words, the paper builds dynamic benchmark set in accordance with part of speech of words and provides the method of semantic orientation calculation of words based on dynamic benchmark set. The proposed method is tested on test set contains verbs and adjectives and more than 90% accuracy have been achieved, which shows the validity and rationality of the method.
On the synthesis of cyclodextrin–peptide conjugates by the Huisgen reaction

A,D‐substituted cyclodextrin (CDX) substituted on their primary rim side are ideal scaffolds for the macromolecular assembly and formation of templated structures. Their substitution can be achieved through various reactions. However, the use of the well‐known Huisgen reaction in this context is under‐reported. We present here results of the synthesis of model conjugates formed between CDX and representative peptides by click chemistry. Notably, bis‐conjugation of peptides onto a unique scaffold promotes α‐helix formation. Copyright © 2016 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Partial Coverage in Homological Sensor Networks

We present a solid study on the performance of a homological sensor network in partial sensing coverage, which means the network has at least one sensing coverage hole and we demonstrate that when sacrificing a little coverage the system lifetime can be prolonged significantly. In particular, we showed that when there is one sensing coverage hole (with a coverage rate of 97%) the system lifetime can be extended to 3-7 times compared with a full coverage strategy which gives a system lifetime increase with 1.2-3 times only. An algebraic topology tool, homology group, is used in our work to calculate sensing coverage of a sensor network. Unlike other approaches, our method does not need any node location or orientation information and it does not have any assumption about the code deployment control and domain geometry either. The only thing needed to calculate sensing coverage is a node to node communication graph.
The effects of Internet addiction on the lifestyle and dietary behavior of Korean adolescents

We performed this study to examine lifestyle patterns and dietary behavior based on the level of Internet addiction of Korean adolescents. Data were collected from 853 Korean junior high school students. The level of Internet addiction was determined based on the Korean Internet addiction self-scale short form for youth, and students were classified as high-risk Internet users, potential-risk Internet users, and no risk Internet users. The associations between the students' levels of Internet addiction and lifestyle patterns and dietary behavior were analyzed using a chi-square test. Irregular bedtimes and the use of alcohol and tobacco were higher in high-risk Internet users than no risk Internet users. Moreover, in high-risk Internet users, irregular dietary behavior due to the loss of appetite, a high frequency of skipping meals, and snacking might cause imbalances in nutritional intake. Diet quality in high-risk Internet users was also worse than in potential-risk Internet users and no risk Internet users. We demonstrated in this study that high-risk Internet users have inappropriate dietary behavior and poor diet quality, which could result in stunted growth and development. Therefore, nutrition education targeting high-risk Internet users should be conducted to ensure proper growth and development.
A standard design for collecting vegetation reference spectra: Implementation and implications for data sharing

Spectral signatures represent complex physical and biophysical relationships. Consideration and documentation of potential variables affecting these signatures are essential in obtaining meaningful spectra. A lack of standardised procedures and metadata collection has limited the transfer of spectra from one application to another. Here we describe the design and implementation of a standard method for the collection of spectral data and associated metadata. A specific application for revegetation assessment and monitoring is described. The concept of collecting consistent and accurate spectral data while minimising the influence of potential extraneous variation is relevant to field spectrometry in all environments and is particularly important for ecological applications.