Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Erythropoietin in Brain Development and Beyond

Erythropoietin is known as the requisite cytokine for red blood cell production. Its receptor, expressed at a high level on erythroid progenitor/precursor cells, is also found on endothelial, neural, and other cell types. Erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor expression in the developing and adult brain suggest their possible involvement in neurodevelopment and neuroprotection. During ischemic stress, erythropoietin, which is hypoxia inducible, can contribute to brain homeostasis by increasing red blood cell production to increase the blood oxygen carrying capacity, stimulate nitric oxide production to modulate blood flow and contribute to the neurovascular response, or act directly on neural cells to provide neuroprotection as demonstrated in culture and animal models. Clinical studies of erythropoietin treatment in stroke and other diseases provide insight on safety and potential adverse effects and underscore the potential pleiotropic activity of erythropoietin. Herein, we summarize the roles of EPO and its receptor in the developing and adult brain during health and disease, providing first a brief overview of the well-established EPO biology and signaling, its hypoxic regulation, and role in erythropoiesis.
BioPortal: ontologies and integrated data resources at the click of a mouse

Biomedical ontologies provide essential domain knowledge to drive data integration, information retrieval, data annotation, natural-language processing and decision support. BioPortal (http://bioportal.bioontology.org) is an open repository of biomedical ontologies that provides access via Web services and Web browsers to ontologies developed in OWL, RDF, OBO format and Protégé frames. BioPortal functionality includes the ability to browse, search and visualize ontologies. The Web interface also facilitates community-based participation in the evaluation and evolution of ontology content by providing features to add notes to ontology terms, mappings between terms and ontology reviews based on criteria such as usability, domain coverage, quality of content, and documentation and support. BioPortal also enables integrated search of biomedical data resources such as the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), ClinicalTrials.gov, and ArrayExpress, through the annotation and indexing of these resources with ontologies in BioPortal. Thus, BioPortal not only provides investigators, clinicians, and developers ‘one-stop shopping’ to programmatically access biomedical ontologies, but also provides support to integrate data from a variety of biomedical resources.
Legal pitfalls in the diagnosis of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer, its diagnosis and management, is fraught with uncertainty. This creates problems for the physician, as there is often little solid evidence on which to base a consensus on how to advise patients on issues such as screening, diagnosis and treatment. Recent advances have increased the opportunity for early diagnosis without showing unequivocal bene®t from this process. However, as the opportunity to diagnose the disease increases, the possibility of recrimination from failing to do so becomes more likely. This creates potential medicolegal pitfalls, many of which have yet to be tested in the courts. It is appropriate to consider these and be forewarned of the problems that lie ahead. There is an ethical and legal responsibility incumbent on a physician to inform patients of the uncertainties, and to allow them to come to a decision, with guidance from their physician if necessary, based on this information. This is the essence of informed consent. Patients in turn can also expect their physician to be clinically competent and knowledgeable to a level commensurate with their peers. The old paternalism of the medical profession has been discredited, including within the profession itself. The NHS Patients' Charter of 1992 clearly states that every patient has the right `to be given a clear explanation of any treatment proposed, including any risks and alternatives'. This review will highlight those areas in the diagnosis of prostate cancer where controversy exists, and the inherent medicolegal implications will be discussed.
Health-related quality of life in disease-free survivors of breast cancer with the general population.

BACKGROUND Although most of the literature about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) focuses on breast cancer patients, few studies compared the HRQoL in disease-free breast cancer survivors with that of the general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We administered the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 and Quality of Life Questionnaire Breast Cancer Module, McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and Brief Fatigue Inventory to 1933 disease-free survivors for over 1 year after being diagnosed with stage 0 to III breast cancer. We performed multivariate-adjusted analyses in all HRQoL comparisons. RESULTS The scores for some health-related quality of life [corrected] HRQoL scales were comparable for both disease-free breast cancer survivors and the general female population, but [corrected] there was a [corrected] clinically significant difference between the two groups [corrected] in cognitive and social functioning, fatigue, insomnia, financial difficulties, body image, future perspective, breast symptoms, and arm symptoms. [corrected] CONCLUSIONS Disease-free survivors of breast cancer had good HRQoL, which was less affected by the type of treatment than it was by demographic characteristics, time since surgery, comorbidity, fatigue, and depression.
Evaluation of Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions, Cannot Exclude High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions on Cervical Smear

Background : We examined cervicovaginal smears that contained definite low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cells and rare atypical cells suggestive of high-grade SIL (HSIL) (ASC-H) or contained borderline dysplastic cells between LSIL and HSIL. Such lesions were classified as LSIL-H. This study aimed to investigate the cytologic and histologic characteristics of LSIL-H category and we evaluated the associated clinical risk. Methods : The histologic outcomes of LSIL-H were compared with those of LSIL and ASC-H. Both the cytologic and histologic findings of LSIL-H that were confirmed as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (CIN2) or greater (CIN2+) were investigated. Results : LSIL-H accounted for 0.09% of the Pap tests. On the follow-up histology, the most frequent outcome was CIN2, and the risk of CIN2+ was higher than that for ASC-H. In the cases of LSIL-H that was histologically confirmed as CIN2+, most of the atypical cells suggestive of HSIL were cytologically similar to those of CIN2, and the corresponding cervical tissues were characterized by small CIN2+ lesions in a large background of flat condyloma/CIN1. The LSIL-H cases not confirmed on initial colposcopically-directed biopsy required further follow-up. Conclusions : LSIL-H may be a valid diagnostic category with distinctive features that are different from LSIL or ASC-H. LSIL-H needs further follow-up for the proper management.
Quantifying the Aggregation Factor in Carbon Nanotube Dispersions by Absorption Spectroscopy

Absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) wavelength region has been used to quantify the aggregation factor of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in liquid media through a series of controlled experiments. SWCNT bundles are dispersed in selected solvents using a calibrated ultrasonicator, which helps in determining the true amount of energy used in the exfoliation process. We also establish the selectivity of the centrifugation process, under the conditions used, in removing the nanotube aggregates as a function of the sonication time and the dispersion solvent. This study, along with the calibration of the sonication process, is shown to be very important for measuring the true aggregation factor of SWCNTs through a modified approach. We also show that the systematic characterization of SWCNT dispersions by optical spectroscopy significantly contributes to the success of dielectrophoresis (DEP) of nanotubes at predefined on-chip positions. The presence of individually dispersed SWCNTs in the dispersions is substantiated by dielectrophoretic assembly and post-DEP electromechanical measurements.
REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLOWER BREEDING DROSOPHILA HIBISCI BOCK (DROSOPHILIDAE) IN EASTERN AUSTRALIA: GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF OVARIOLE NUMBER

Quantitative genetic analysis of the ovariole number of the Australian Hibiscus flower‐breeding Drosophila hibisci Bock was conducted on populations from two localities along a latitudinal cline in ovariole number previously observed in the species (Starmer et al., in press). Parental strains, F1, F1r (reciprocal), F2, backcross, and backcross reciprocal generations were used in a line‐cross (generation means) analysis. This analysis revealed both additive and epistatic effects as important determinants of variation in ovariole number when larvae were reared at 25°C. Maternal effects and maternal‐by‐progeny genetic interactions were not significant. These results are comparable to previous studies that document epistatic components as genetic determinants of ovariole number in D. melanogaster. Parallel studies on ovariole number in D. hibisci parental and hybrid generations (F1 and F1r) reared as larvae at three temperatures (18°, 21.5°, and 25°C) showed environmental effects and genotype‐by‐environment interactions as significant influences on the phenotype. Maternal effects were present when temperature of larval development was considered and significant, nonlinear environmental effects were detected. Field collections of D. hibisci females showed that field conditions result in significant departure of ovariole number from comparable laboratory reared females. The significant epistatic genetic effects, genotype‐by‐environment interactions, and maternal effects indicate that the genetic architecture of traits, such as ovariole number, may be more complex than often acknowledged and thus may be compatible with Wright's view of a netlike relationship between the genome and complex characters (Wright 1968).
Migration, Remittances and Nutrition Outcomes of Left-Behind Children: A National-Level Quantitative Assessment of Guatemala

Historically, Guatemalans have suffered high rates of poverty and malnutrition while nearly ten percent of their population resides abroad. Many Guatemalan parents use economic migration, mainly international migration to the United States, as a means to improve the human capital prospects of their children. However, as this investigation shows, the timing of migration events in relation to left-behind children’s ages has important, often negative and likely permanent, repercussions on the physical development of their children. To illustrate these dynamics, this investigation uses an instrumental variables framework to disentangle the countervailing effects of Guatemalan fathers’ absences due to migration from concomitant remittances on left-behind children’s growth outcomes. Based on national-level data collected in 2000, the investigation reveals that the international migration of a father in the previous year is correlated with a 22.1% lower length/height-for-age z-score for the average left-behind child aged ≤ 3. In contrast, the receipt of remittance income has no influence on the physical stature of a child, which may indicate that migrant fathers with young children are not able to achieve economic success soon enough during their ventures abroad to fully ameliorate the harmful effects caused by their absences.
Bandlimited Field Reconstruction for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks are often used for environmental monitoring applications. In this context sampling and reconstruction of a physical field is one of the most important problems to solve. We focus on a bandlimited field and find under which conditions on the network topology the reconstruction of the field is successful, with a given probability. We review irregular sampling theory, and analyze the problem using random matrix theory. We show that even a very irregular spatial distribution of sensors may lead to a successful signal reconstruction, provided that the number of collected samples is large enough with respect to the field bandwidth. Furthermore, we give the basis to analytically determine the probability of successful field reconstruction.
Proactive storage at caching-enable base stations in cellular networks

In cellular networks, the proactive storage at caching-enable BSs is an efficient way to reduce traffic load of backhaul links. In this paper, we investigate the storage allocation problem with network coding. By decomposing the NP-hard problem, we propose a low-complexity storage allocation to solve two subproblems in an iterative way. Combining a heuristic initial allocation scheme and the iterative process, we can obtain the storage allocation result very close to the optimal solution. The convergence of the proposed algorithm is proved and its computation complexity is analyzed. The simulation results evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, which has graceful performance degradation on total storage with much lower complexity.
Novel mutations in Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus reverse transcriptase increase thermostability through tighter binding to template-primer

In an effort to increase the thermostability of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV RT), we screened random and site-saturation libraries for variants that show increased resistance to thermal inactivation. We discovered five mutations E69K, E302R, W313F, L435G and N454K that collectively increase the half-life of MMLV RT at 55°C from less than 5 min to ∼30 min in the presence of template-primer. In addition, these mutations alter the thermal profile by increasing specific activity of the pentuple mutant (M5) over a broad range of cDNA synthesis temperatures (25–70°C). We further show that M5 generates higher cDNA yields and exhibits better RT–PCR performance compared to wild-type RT when used at high temperature to amplify RNA targets containing secondary structure. Finally, we demonstrate that M5 exhibits tighter binding (lower Km) to template-primer, which likely protects against heat inactivation.
Investigation of strain and temperature dependence of fluorescence lifetime of rare-earth doped fibers

Fluorescence fiber sensors are broadly used to measure temperature, concentration, and pH value etc. The fluorescence sensing systems are based on different principles, namely fluorescence intensity, fluorescence intensity ratio, and fluorescence lifetime. The fluorescence lifetime is an effective parameter for sensing purpose, because it is independent on the intensity of the pumping source and does not need expensive narrow-band filter. An experiment system has been established. Some samples are produced to measured the fluorescence lifetime of temperature characteristic and get the relationship of strain and temperature versus the fluorescence lifetime at the same time. The experiment result was fitted and analyzed. The test results show that the fluorescence lifetime decreased with the increasing of temperature. The change of fluorescence lifetime with the strain is inconspicuous comparing to that with the temperature.
Growth performance, carcass traits, meat chemical composition and blood serum metabolites of broiler chicken fed on diets containing flaxseed oil

Abstract 1. This study evaluated the effects of diets with partial and total substitution of soya bean oil (SO) with flaxseed (linseed) oil (FO) on broiler chicken performance, carcass traits, meat chemical composition and blood serum metabolites. 2. A total of 448 one-d-old Cobb 500 broiler chicken were used. They were allotted among 4 treatments with 8 replications, using a completely randomised design, for 35 d. Four diets were compared: T1 = 100% SO (3%, 1–7 d; 4%, 8–21 d; and 5%, 22–35 d); T2 = 50% SO + 50% FO; T3 = 25% SO + 75% FO and T4 = 100% FO. 3. No significant differences were observed in body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and blood serum metabolites (total triglycerides, TRI; total cholesterol, CHO; high-density lipoprotein, HDL; low-density lipoprotein, LDL; glucose, GLU; albumin, ALB; globulin, GLO; and total proteins, TPs). Significant effects were observed for TRI, CHO, HDL, GLU, HDL, LDL, ALB and GLO with regard to the day of collection. 4. Carcass traits did not show significant differences for the treatments. No significant differences were observed for breast and drumstick chemical compositions, with the exception of drumstick fat concentration (quadratic effect). 5. In conclusion, the partial or total substitution of SO with FO did not affect growth performance, carcass traits, meat chemical composition or blood serum profile in broiler chicken. Therefore, FO can be an alternative to SO in the diet formulation for broiler chicken.
Effect of conductor profile on the insertion loss, phase constant, and dispersion in thin high frequency transmission lines

It has been long known that conductor surface roughness can increase the conductor loss as frequency increases to the extent that the signal skin depth is comparable or smaller than the scale of the conductor roughness. In the present work, we experimentally show that the increase in conductor loss is larger than the factor of two predicted by the most widely used roughness factor correction correlations. This is consistent with the findings of a more recent theoretical paper on the effect of random roughness on conductor loss. We also experimentally show that increasing the conductor roughness alone increases the phase constant, or effective dielectric constant, in thin circuitry by up to 15% and substantially increases dispersion. Conductor profile is clearly a major variable in the performance of thin high frequency circuits. A subtle adjustment to the conductor model in Sonnet Software related to the conductor roughness accounts quantitatively for both the insertion loss and phase constant effects. Authors’ Biographies Allen F. Horn, III, Associate Research Fellow, received a BSChE from Syracuse University in 1979, and a Ph. D. in chemical engineering from M.I. T. in 1984. Prior to joining the Rogers Corporation Lurie R&D Center in 1987, he worked for Dow Corning and ARCO Chemical. He is an inventor/co-inventor on 15 issued US patents in the area of ceramic or mineral powder-filled polymer composites for electronic applications. John W. Reynolds, Senior Engineering Assistant, received a BSEE in 1980 from the University of Connecticut. He joined the Rogers Corporation Lurie R&D Center in 1987 and specializes in the electrical characterization of high frequency materials. Patricia A. LaFrance, Engineering Assistant, has 20 years experience in the formulation and testing of composite materials for industrial and electronic applications. She joined the Rogers R&D Center in 1997. James C. Rautio received a BSEE from Cornell in 1978, a MS Systems Engineering from University of Pennsylvania in 1982, and a Ph. D. in electrical engineering from Syracuse University in 1986. From 1978 to 1986, he worked for General Electric, first at the Valley Forge Space Division, then at the Syracuse Electronics Laboratory. From 1986 to 1988, he was a visiting professor at Syracuse University and at Cornell. In 1988 he went full time with Sonnet Software, a company he had founded in 1983. In 1995, Sonnet was listed on the Inc. 500 list of the fastest growing privately held US companies, the first microwave software company ever to be so listed. Dr. Rautio was elected a fellow of the IEEE in 2000 and received the IEEE MTT Microwave Application Award in 2001. He has lectured on the life of James Clerk Maxwell over 100 times.
Natural Feature Tracking for Augmented Reality

Natural scene features stabilize and extend the tracking range of augmented reality (AR) pose-tracking systems. We develop robust computer vision methods to detect and track natural features in video images. Point and region features are automatically and adaptively selected for properties that lead to robust tracking. A multistage tracking algorithm produces accurate motion estimates, and the entire system operates in a closed-loop that stabilizes its performance and accuracy. We present demonstrations of the benefits of using tracked natural features for AR applications that illustrate direct scene annotation, pose stabilization, and extendible tracking range. Our system represents a step toward integrating vision with graphics to produce robust wide-area augmented realities.
Comparison of Intraoperative Portable CT Scanners in Skull Base and Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Single Center Case Series

Precise and safe management of complex skull base lesions can be enhanced by intraoperative computed tomography (CT) scanning. Surgery in these areas requires real-time feedback of anatomic landmarks. Several portable CT scanners are currently available. We present a comparison of our clinical experience with three portable scanners in skull base and craniofacial surgery. We present clinical case series and the participants were from the Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Three scanners are studied: one conventional multidetector CT (MDCT), two digital flat panel cone-beam CT (CBCT) devices. Technical considerations, ease of use, image characteristics, and integration with image guidance are presented for each device. All three scanners provide good quality images. Intraoperative scanning can be used to update the image guidance system in real time. The conventional MDCT is unique in its ability to resolve soft tissue. The flat panel CBCT scanners generally emit lower levels of radiation and have less metal artifact effect. In this series, intraoperative CT scanning was technically feasible and deemed useful in surgical decision-making in 75% of patients. Intraoperative portable CT scanning has significant utility in complex skull base surgery. This technology informs the surgeon of the precise extent of dissection and updates intraoperative stereotactic navigation.
A P2P approach for automating seamless connectivity given intermittent bandwidth constraints

With the advancement of wireless technologies, seamless connectivity is near to becoming possible. In this paper, we propose a novel idea to attain seamless connectivity in the presence of intermittent bandwidth availability. Critical services/applications are required to deliver without any issues every time and throughout. Intermittent bandwidth availability is one of the many hindrances and a bottleneck for seamless connectivity. In a client-server model when the bandwidth availability is less, the subscribed services may not deliver as desired by the end user. Hence, we propose a P2P based seamless connectivity solution given intermittent bandwidth constraints which automatically switches between client-server to P2P model when there is intermittent bandwidth availability. We assume vertical and horizontal hand-offs in our architecture for switching between client-server to P2P model. We propose an automatic switching of these hand-offs. We approach the problem of seamless connectivity in intermittent bandwidth availability by gathering data in a P2P network which is scattered across different peers by using a set cover heuristic algorithm. The algorithm proposed selects the right set of peers in the P2P network for all the services which was getting serviced by client-server model.