Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of affects in conflict frames and conflict management

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the roles of trait affectivity and momentary moods in conflict frames and conflict management. This paper goes beyond affect induction and focuses on the affective – rather than rational – antecedents of the choice of conflict management strategy. Design/methodology/approach – This paper adopts a within- and between-person approach and uses hierarchical linear modeling to test the hypotheses with group-mean centering. Over the course of 12 days within a three-week period, the authors collected participants’ momentary moods and how they thought about and would respond to conflict scenarios. Data were gathered from 1,545 observations, involving 180 individuals. Findings – After controlling for anger raised from the conflict scenario, both positive trait affectivity and positive momentary moods were found to be positively related to a compromise frame. Surprisingly, neither negative trait affectivity nor momentary mood was related to the win frame. A comprom.
Enzyme-DNA Interactions Required for Efficient Nucleotide Incorporation and Discrimination in Human DNA Polymerase β(*)

In the crystal structure of a substrate complex, the side chains of residues Asn279, Tyr271, and Arg283 of DNA polymerase β are within hydrogen bonding distance to the bases of the incoming deoxynucleoside 5′-triphosphate (dNTP), the terminal primer nucleotide, and the templating nucleotide, respectively (Pelletier, H., Sawaya, M. R., Kumar, A., Wilson, S. H., and Kraut, J.(1994) Science 264, 1891-1903). We have altered these side chains through individual site-directed mutagenesis. Each mutant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and was soluble. The mutant enzymes were purified and characterized to probe their role in nucleotide discrimination and catalysis. A reversion assay was developed on a short (5 nucleotide) gapped DNA substrate containing an opal codon to assess the effect of the amino acid substitutions on fidelity. Substitution of the tyrosine at position 271 with phenylalanine or histidine did not influence catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) or fidelity. The hydrogen bonding potential between the side chain of Asn279 and the incoming nucleotide was removed by replacing this residue with alanine or leucine. Although catalytic efficiency was reduced as much as 17-fold for these mutants, fidelity was not. In contrast, both catalytic efficiency and fidelity decreased dramatically for all mutants of Arg283 (Ala > Leu > Lys). The fidelity and catalytic efficiency of the alanine mutant of Arg283 decreased 160- and 5000-fold, respectively, relative to wild-type enzyme. Sequence analyses of the mutant DNA resulting from short gap-filling synthesis indicated that the types of base substitution errors produced by the wild-type and R283A mutant were similar and indicated misincorporations resulting in frequent T•dGTP and A•dGTP mispairing. With R283A, a dGMP was incorporated opposite a template thymidine as often as the correct nucleotide. The x-ray crystallographic structure of the alanine mutant of Arg283 verified the loss of the mutated side chain. Our results indicate that specific interactions between DNA polymerase β and the template base, but not hydrogen bonding to the incoming dNTP or terminal primer nucleotide, are required for both high catalytic efficiency and nucleotide discrimination.
Human and Animal Dirofilariasis: the Emergence of a Zoonotic Mosaic

SUMMARY Dirofilariasis represents a zoonotic mosaic, which includes two main filarial species (Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens) that have adapted to canine, feline, and human hosts with distinct biological and clinical implications. At the same time, both D. immitis and D. repens are themselves hosts to symbiotic bacteria of the genus Wolbachia, the study of which has resulted in a profound shift in the understanding of filarial biology, the mechanisms of the pathologies that they produce in their hosts, and issues related to dirofilariasis treatment. Moreover, because dirofilariasis is a vector-borne transmitted disease, their distribution and infection rates have undergone significant modifications influenced by global climate change. Despite advances in our knowledge of D. immitis and D. repens and the pathologies that they inflict on different hosts, there are still many unknown aspects of dirofilariasis. This review is focused on human and animal dirofilariasis, including the basic morphology, biology, protein composition, and metabolism of Dirofilaria species; the climate and human behavioral factors that influence distribution dynamics; the disease pathology; the host-parasite relationship; the mechanisms involved in parasite survival; the immune response and pathogenesis; and the clinical management of human and animal infections.
EU-Mercosur FTA: an evaluation of the vulnerability of Mercosur imports

The second round of offers made by the European Union and Mercosur for an inter-regional free trade agreement were delivered in March 2003. This year is a decisive time for the negotiating process, as it will signal whether the project will continue or not. At first glance, both blocs have made advances in their negotiating offers, enlarging the set of products as compared with the first offers. At the same time, the international scenario seems to be quite favourable for an approach between the two blocs. In any case, above and beyond the proposals, the individual countries must effectively start to negotiate the preferences to be granted and the target periods for achieving free trade.
Mentoring: A Strategy for Improving Adult Learning and Development

The exploration of the effects of a mentoring program on adult learning and career development provides a basis for developing a framework of mentoring. The study examines the outcomes of a planned mentorship program with respect to same-gender participants from the same and I or different organizations who enrolled in a Management Development for Women Certificate Program. It also presents the dynamics of the relationships and the positive and negative outcomes of the intervention; develops strategies that may be used by other educators to develop mentor-mentee programs; and outlines a model for using planned mentorship programs as an intervention strategy to facilitate adult learning and career development. Resume L'exploration des effets d'un programme de mentorat sur l'apprentissage et le perfectionnement professionnel chez les adultes fournit le fondement requis pour etablir un cadre de mentorat. L'etude examine les resultats d'un programme officiel de mentorat auquel participaient des personnes du meme sexe issues de diverses organisations et inscrites a un programme de Certificat en perfectionnement en gestion pour femmes. L'etude presente egalement la dynamique des relations entre les resultats positifs et negatifs de l'intervention; etablit des strategies que d'autres educateurs peuvent utiliser pour monter des programmes mentor-apprenant; et propose un modele qui permet d'utiliser des programmes officiels de mentorat en tant que strategies d'intervention pour faciliter l'apprentissage et le perfectionnement professionnel chez les adultes.
Permissive hypercapnic ventilation.

The normal goal of both respiratory and metabolic homeostasis is the maintenance of a normal extracellular pH. When serum bicarbonate is normal, normocapnia is an important component of the maintenance of pH. Pac02of 40 mm Hg is believed to be the "normal" PaC02 because it represents the best compromise between ventilatory work and adequate alveolar Po2(PA02). Lower Pac02would necessitate significant increase in ventilatory work with little gain in arterial oxygen saturation (Sa02), whereas a higher Pac02, although reducing ventilatory work, lowers PA02 to a level that begins to compromise Sa02. Hypercapnic acidosis is associated with progressive ventilatory failure, hypoxemia, and risk of respiratory arrest. As Pac02approaches 100 mm Hg, arterial oxygen tension (Pa02) drops to a level that will not reliably sustain life. In addition, hypercapnic acidosis has been associated with decreased myocardial contractility, cerebral vasodilatation, decreased seizure threshold, impaired action of some drugs, hyperkalemia, dyspnea, respiratory distress, and other adverse side effects. For these reasons, hypercapnic acidosis has been regarded as undesirable, and normocapnia or reduction in PaC02 have been the accepted goals of therapy. This goal was automatically applied to mechanical ventilation without full recognition of a number of important differences. First, the use of supplemental oxygen overcomes hypoxia induced by hypercapnia. Second, a fixed level of mechanical hypoventilation does not represent an evolution of ventilatory failure that may culminate in respiratory arrest. Third, hypercapnic acidosis does not appear to have significant adverse effects during mechanical ventilation (1, 2). Fourth, in diseased lungs with impaired gas exchange, there is increasing recognition that attempts to achieve normocapnia may cause or aggravate lung injuryboth in ARDS and in severe airflow obstruction. Traditional mechanical ventilatory practice included some tactics to avoid lung injury, but gas exchange objectives received priority and some lung injury was accepted as an inevitable consequence. Current strategies for permissive hypercapnia (PHC) are based on increased recognition of lung injury induced by mechanical ventilation, and recognition that compensated hypercapnia has few serious adverse effects and may reduce lung injury.
Mobile Q&A for enhancing online discussion

In this study, we explore the design and evaluation of a mobile online discussion system for motivating students to share their learning experiences. The system supports interaction with peers and academic staff anytime and anywhere using mobile devices. The application introduces a set of features that enables customisation for different purposes. This paper describes the application and explains the motivation for developing the application. We describe the methods and results of a case study that explores usage of the application among a small group of localised participants. Finally, we discuss the implications of this work and outline future areas of research and development.
The Read-Recite-Review Study Strategy

Two experiments with college students investigated the effectiveness of the 3R (read-recite-review) strategy for learning from educational texts. The 3R strategy was compared with rereading and note-taking study strategies using free-recall, multiple-choice, and short-answer inference tests immediately after study and after a 1-week delay. In Experiments 1 and 2, 3R improved immediate and delayed free recall of fact-based passages, relative to the rereading and note-taking strategies. In Experiment 2, which used longer, more complex passages on engineering topics, performance on multiple-choice and problem-solving items was better in the 3R than in the rereading condition, and was equivalent in the 3R and note-taking conditions, though 3R took less study time than note taking. An inherent advantage of 3R relative to other testing methods for improving learning is that 3R is under the learner's control. These results indicate that it is also an efficacious study technique that capitalizes on the mnemonic potency of retrieval and feedback.
Extracting Celebrities from Online Discussions

Online discussions became increasingly widespread with the Web 2.0: no matter the distance, whether you know the person or not, you can discuss and exchange ideas with people all over the world through forums, blogs, and newsgroups. The news websites have extensively used forums in order to encourage the reader being a real participant in the information media. This paper aims at automatically extracting the celebrities from such discussions. We propose certain meta-criteria and we provide an evaluation on a dataset of 35,175 posts written by 14,443 users. The results show that one of the proposed meta-criteria succeeds in extracting celebrities and allows for further improvements.
Surface tension and the Mori–Tanaka theory of non-dilute soft composite solids

Eshelby's theory is the foundation of composite mechanics, allowing calculation of the effective elastic moduli of composites from a knowledge of their microstructure. However, it ignores interfacial stress and only applies to very dilute composites—i.e. where any inclusions are widely spaced apart. Here, within the framework of the Mori–Tanaka multiphase approximation scheme, we extend Eshelby's theory to treat a composite with interfacial stress in the non-dilute limit. In particular, we calculate the elastic moduli of composites comprised of a compliant, elastic solid hosting a non-dilute distribution of identical liquid droplets. The composite stiffness depends strongly on the ratio of the droplet size, R, to an elastocapillary lengthscale, L. Interfacial tension substantially impacts the effective elastic moduli of the composite when R/L≲100. When R<3L/2 (R=3L/2) liquid inclusions stiffen (cloak the far-field signature of) the solid.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Regional newspaper coverage of shale gas development across Ohio, New York, and Pennsylvania

: In communities experiencing shale gas development, the local media are an important information source on potential impacts of development; their coverage generates and spreads social representations of this issue. We examine representations of natural gas development through a content analysis of six regional newspapers in the northern United States (n=1,958 articles) – two each in Ohio, New York, and Pennsylvania. Previous research showed similarities between the New York and Pennsylvania newspapers; differences emerged in nearby Ohio’s coverage. In Ohio, similar percentages of articles mentioned economic impacts as in Pennsylvania and New York, but significantly fewer articles mentioned environmental or social impacts. Furthermore, valence of economic and social impacts was notably more positive in Ohio. This analysis highlights nuances inherent in regional discourse about shale gas development. In turn, these differences have implications for: (1) how politicians, journalists, activists, and researchers can better communicate about shale gas development, (2) policy/regulation of development, and (3) future research on social representations of emergent forms of energy extraction. We suggest the need, in social science research on energy development, to examine societal-level (not merely individual) influences on perceptions and to account for nuances inherent in regional variation – infrequently manifest in national sample studies.
EdgeSonic: image feature sonification for the visually impaired

We propose a framework to aid a visually impaired user to recognize objects in an image by sonifying image edge features and distance-to-edge maps. Visually impaired people usually touch objects to recognize their shape. However, it is difficult to recognize objects printed on flat surfaces or objects that can only be viewed from a distance, solely with our haptic senses. Our ultimate goal is to aid a visually impaired user to recognize basic object shapes, by transposing them to aural information. Our proposed method provides two types of image sonification: (1) local edge gradient sonification and (2) sonification of the distance to the closest image edge. Our method was implemented on a touch-panel mobile device, which allows the user to aurally explore image context by sliding his finger across the image on the touch screen. Preliminary experiments show that the combination of local edge gradient sonification and distance-to-edge sonification are effective for understanding basic line drawings. Furthermore, our tests show a significant improvement in image understanding with the introduction of proper user training.
Does immigrant residential crowding reflect hidden homelessness

Compared to the Canadian-born, immigrants are under-represented among Canada’s homeless population, when their decline in economic wellbeing is considered alongside their relative absence in homeless shelters. One way to explain this oddity, proposed in both academic and popular literature, is that immigrant communities employ unique avoidance strategies, such as within-group co-residence, to help keep co-ethnics off the streets and out of homeless shelters. In this paper I use the 2001 census of Canada to investigate the extent to which heightened levels of residential crowding might reflect “hidden homelessness. ” I find mixed evidence to support this link, and, if anything, find some evidence to suggest that the link between residential crowding and hidden homelessness, if one exists, is strongest for the Canadian-born.
A probabilistic model for performance analysis of cloud infrastructures

Analyzing the quantitative performance plays an important role in understanding and improving the quality of cloud computing systems and cloud‐based applications. In cloud computing, service requests from users go through numerous provider‐specific steps from the instant it is submitted to when the requested service is fully delivered. Quantitative performance analysis is not an easy task because of the complexity of cloud provisioning control flows and the increasing scale and complexity of real‐world cloud infrastructures. This work proposes a probabilistic queuing network‐based model for the performance analysis of cloud infrastructures. It considers expected task completion time and rejection probability as the performance metrics. Experimental performance data suggest the correctness of the proposed model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental study of the transport of coherent interacting matter-waves in a 1D random potential induced by laser speckle

We present a detailed analysis of the 1D expansion of a coherent interacting matterwave (a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC)) in the presence of disorder. A 1D random potential is created via laser speckle patterns. It is carefully calibrated and the self-averaging properties of our experimental system are discussed. We observe the suppression of the transport of the BEC in the random potential. We discuss the scenario of disorder-induced trapping taking into account the radial extension in our experimental 3D BEC and we compare our experimental results with the theoretical predictions.
Valganciclovir versus valacyclovir prophylaxis for prevention of cytomegalovirus: an economic perspective

Valganciclovir (vGCV) and valacyclovir (vACV) are used in cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis in renal transplant recipients. The aim of this study was to compare the economic impact of both regimens during 1‐year follow‐up.
Modeling and Analysis of New Products Diffusion on Heterogeneous Networks

We present a heterogeneous networks model with the awareness stage and the decision-making stage to explain the process of new products diffusion. If mass media is neglected in the decision-making stage, there is a threshold whether the innovation diffusion is successful or not, or else it is proved that the network model has at least one positive equilibrium. For networks with the power-law degree distribution, numerical simulations confirm analytical results, and also at the same time, by numerical analysis of the influence of the network structure and persuasive advertisements on the density of adopters, we give two different products propagation strategies for two classes of nodes in scale-free networks.
Race and Sex Differences in Newborn Infants

*Received for publication by Carl Murchison of the Editorial Board, June 25, 1929. 1The data for this investigation were taken from the original investigations made by Dr. K. C. Pratt, Dr. Amalie K. Nelson, and Dr. K. H. Sun. This study is to be regarded as a statistical . by-product of their researches conducted jointly by the Departments of Psychology and Obstetrics at Ohio State University, and published as “The Behavior of the Newborn Infant,” Ohio State University Studies, No. 10, 1930, Columbus, Ohio.
Cross-National Epidemiology of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Our knowledge of the prevalence and demographic and clinical characteristics of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has, until recently, been based almost exclusively on patient samples. The epidemiology of OCD was first described in a large United States household sample from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study. Since these original observations, the rates of OCD in household populations determined from diagnostic procedures similar to those used in the United States have been published from different parts of the world. Detailed comparisons of rates, sex ratios, age at onset, and demographic and clinical characteristics of OCD in these samples are now available. This article reports on the cross-national epidemiology of OCD from seven international epidemiologic surveys, including the United States ECA study. Each survey used the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), a highly structured interview, developed for use in epidemiologic surveys, that yields Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III) psychiatric diagnoses. All investigators provided the data from their study to be pooled at Columbia University, and the prevalence rates were standardized to the age and sex distribution of the five-site ECA household population so that more precise estimates and comparisons could be made.
Redundant Memory Mappings for fast access to large memories

Page-based virtual memory improves programmer productivity, security, and memory utilization, but incurs performance overheads due to costly page table walks after TLB misses. This overhead can reach 50% for modern workloads that access increasingly vast memory with stagnating TLB sizes. To reduce the overhead of virtual memory, this paper proposes Redundant Memory Mappings (RMM), which leverage ranges of pages and provides an efficient, alternative representation of many virtual-to-physical mappings. We define a range be a subset of process's pages that are virtually and physically contiguous. RMM translates each range with a single range table entry, enabling a modest number of entries to translate most of the process's address space. RMM operates in parallel with standard paging and uses a software range table and hardware range TLB with arbitrarily large reach. We modify the operating system to automatically detect ranges and to increase their likelihood with eager page allocation. RMM is thus transparent to applications. We prototype RMM software in Linux and emulate the hardware. RMM performs substantially better than paging alone and huge pages, and improves a wider variety of workloads than direct segments (one range per program), reducing the overhead of virtual memory to less than 1% on average.