Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the coastal basin of Tanzania during the mesozoic times

The present paper reviews and updates the stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of the coastal basin of Tanzania during the Mesozoic times based on the interpretation of existing palaeontological and stratigraphical information and supplemented by recent fieldwork investigations by the author. Tectonic events largely controlled the evolution of the coastal basin of Tanzania and the Indian Ocean. These included the Karoo rifting during Permo-Triassic, the break up of the Gondwana Supercontinent, which started with rifting in the Triassic period, the opening of the Somali basin in the Middle Jurassic, and the Cenozoic rifting along the East African rift system. The Karoo rifting created a zone of weakness that led to the fragmentation of the Gondwana Supercontinent. The Early Jurassic continental sediments developed in the graben-like structure with occasional marine incursions reflecting ancient seaways on the ocean side. The early Middle Jurassic oolitic limestones developed along the shoreline forming the marine carbonate platform. During these times, the area was periodically under fresh water influence. During Bajocian-Bathonian times, the whole of Tanzanian coast was completely under marine conditions though restricted to shallow sea in which coral reefs could grow. It was during these times that a stable continental shelf developed. However, the stability of the shelf was later affected by the reactivation of the Tanga Fault pattern. As a result, the sediments from the provenance including the Bajocian-Bathonian coral reefs were reworked and transported by means of gravity flow and fluvial influence, and deposited in a fault controlled shallow basin at Msolwa to form sub-marine fans. From the Callovian to Kimmeridgian, the main facies included the transgressive low energy shale and septarian marls rich in fossils, particularly ammonites. During this period, an open marine environment was predominant. This transgressive episode was succeeded by a regressive phase during Lower Cretaceous in which sandstone deposits were predominant. The Upper Cretaceous transgressive sediments (shales and marls) lie unconformably over the regressive older deposits, marking the topmost part of the Mesozoic sequence in the study area. Tanz. J. Sci. Vol.29(1) 2003: 1-16
Triggering and drainage mechanisms of the 2004 glacier-dammed lake outburst in Gornergletscher, Switzerland

[1] To investigate the triggering and the drainage mechanisms of a glacier-dammed lake outburst, we conducted high-frequency measurements of the ice surface motion in the vicinity of Gornersee, an ice marginal lake on Gornergletscher, Switzerland. During the outburst event in July 2004, the ice surface within a distance of 400 m from the lakeshore moved vertically upward by up to 0.1 m. This vertical surface motion cannot be explained by vertical straining of ice which was measured in one of the boreholes; therefore, we suggest the separation of the glacier sole from the bed was caused by subglacially drained lake water. Our observation indicates that the lake water drained as a sheet-like flow through the space created by the basal separation. The upward surface motion was greater in the region where the ice flotation level was exceeded by the lake level, implying that the ice barrier was breached when the lake water hydraulically connected to the bed and lifted up the glacier. In addition to the centimeter-scale vertical ice motion, three survey stakes located within 100 m from the lake showed extraordinarily large vertical displacement of 0.5–3.0 m associated with abrupt changes in horizontal flow direction. A plausible interpretation is that the marginal ice wedge bent upward because of the buoyancy force generated by the drained water. Such bending is possible if subglacial and englacial fractures formed at about 200 m from the glacier margin and acted as a hinge. The newly formed and preexisting englacial fractures probably took the role of inducing englacial water drainage which preceded the outburst.
Volatiles as a link between planetary interiors and the environment

Volatiles derived from planetary interiors influence magma evolution and environmental processes. Over appropriate timescales, Earth's mantle, crust, ocean, and atmosphere constitute coupled systems. The apparently synchronous Siberian Traps eruption and end-Permian mass extinction offer an ideal test case to study the interactions between magmatism and climate. In this thesis, I use experimental petrology, numerical modeling, geochemical measurements, and field observations to investigate the petrologic sources, eruptive transfer, and climatic effects of volatiles released during emplacement of the Siberian large igneous province. In an extreme variation on terrestrial volatile cycling, I also explore the erosional history of Titan as recorded in valley networks carved by rivers of liquid hydrocarbons. Thesis Supervisor: Linda T. Elkins-Tanton Title: Director, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution for Science
CALL FOR PAPERS Sex and Gender Differences in Cardiovascular Physiology— Back to the Basics Sex differences in myosin heavy chain isoforms of human failing and nonfailing atria

Reiser PJ, Moravec CS. Sex differences in myosin heavy chain isoforms of human failing and nonfailing atria. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 307: H265–H272, 2014. First published May 30, 2014; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00810. 2013. —Mammalian hearts express two myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, which drive contractions with different kinetics and power-generating ability. The expression of the isoform that is associated with more rapid contraction kinetics and greater power output, MHC, is downregulated, with a concurrent increase in the relative amount of the slower isoform, MHC, during the progression to experimentally induced or disease-related heart failure. This change in protein expression has been well studied in right and left ventricles in heart failure models and in humans with failure. Relatively little quantitative data exists regarding MHC isoform expression shifts in human failing atria. We previously reported significant increases in the relative amount of MHCin the human failing left atrium. The results of that study suggested that there might be a sex-related difference in the level of MHCin the left atrium, but the number of female subjects was insufficient for statistical analysis. The objective of this study was to test whether there is, in fact, a sex-related difference in the level of MHCin the right and left atria of humans with cardiomyopathy. The results indicate that significant differences exist in atrial MHC isoform expression between men and women who are in failure. The results also revealed an unexpected twofold greater amount of MHCin the nonfailing left atrium of women, compared with men. The observed sex-related differences in MHC isoform expression could impact ventricular diastolic filling during normal daily activities, as well as during physiologically stressful events.
Large halocline variations in the Northern Baltic Proper and associated meso- and basin-scale processes

The Northern Baltic Proper is a splitting area of the Baltic Sea saline water route towards the two terminal basins – the Gulf of Finland and the Western Gotland Basin. Large halocline variations (vertical isopycnal displacements of more than 20 m, intra-halocline current speeds above 20 cm s−1) appear during and following SW wind events, which rapidly increase the water storage in the Gulf of Finland and reverse the standard estuarine transport, causing an outflow in the lower layers. In the channel of variable topography, basin-scale barotropic flow pulses are converted into baroclinic mesoscale motions such as jet currents, sub-surface eddies and lowfrequency waves. The associated dynamics is analysed by the results from a special mesoscale experiment, routine observations and numerical modelling. * This study has been partly supported by grants Nos 2194 and 5868 from the Estonian Science Foundation. The complete text of the paper is available at http://www.iopan. gda.pl/oceanologia/ 92 J. Elken, P. Mälkki, P. Alenius, T. Stipa
Fundamental Toxicological Sciences

Recently, a “pack cooking” method, which uses heat-resistant plastic bags, has attracted attention for being simple and safe for emergencies such as natural disasters. One serving is filled in a pack. It uses less kitchenware and clean water, so “pack cooking” will particularly be a powerful tool for soup runs. However, its risk for food poisoning has not been given attention. It is important to consider the safety of “pack-cooked” meals, because medical shortage is as much a problem as food shortage during natural disasters. We conducted a bacteriological evaluation of curry and rice as typical “packcooked” meals, assuming that they were stored at room temperature for a long time. “Pack-cooked” meal samples were stored at 25°C and 4°C for 24 hr, and their homogenates were used as sample for bacteriological analysis. Obvious standard plate count bacteria were found in “pack-cooked” curry, which was stored at 25°C for 24 hr, whereas those stored at 4°C for 24 hr did not. Furthermore, there was a sample that was stored at 25°C for 24 hr in which coliform bacteria were detected. Since 25°C is equivalent to room temperature, our results demonstrate that the “pack-cooked” curry stored at room temperature for 24 hr could cause food poisoning. While “pack cooking” is a useful method, it is important to understand that prolonged storage at room temperature of “pack-cooked” meals should be avoided.
Blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor function by bivalent and monovalent fragments of 225 anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies.

We have previously described anti-epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) which can block binding of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) and EGF to receptors and inhibit activation of receptor tyrosine kinase. Studies with these MAbs involving cell cultures and nude mouse xenografts demonstrated their capacity to inhibit the growth of a variety of tumor cell lines, which express EGF receptors and TGF-alpha and appear to depend upon receptor activation for cell proliferation. To explore the mechanism(s) by which anti-EGF receptor 225 MAb inhibits cell proliferation, we have compared the activity of native 225 MAb with the response to bivalent 225 F(ab')2 and monovalent 225 Fab' fragments. Both native 225 MAb and its fragments could inhibit the binding of 125I-EGF to EGF receptors. Scatchard analysis revealed that the Kd of 225 F(ab')2 is comparable to that of 225 MAb (1 nM), whereas the Kd of 225 Fab' is 5 nM. Both bivalent 225 MAb and 225 F(ab')2 and monovalent 225 Fab' were able to completely inhibit TGF-alpha-induced EGF receptor tyrosine kinase activation, as assayed by autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues of EGF receptors on MCF10A nonmalignant human mammary cells, MDA468 human breast adenocarcinoma cells, and A431 human vulvar squamous carcinoma cells. The bivalent forms of MAb could inhibit proliferation stimulated by endogenous (autocrine) TGF-alpha in cultures of these three cell lines. They also blocked growth stimulation by added exogenous TGF-alpha in cultures of MCF10A cells and the growth-inhibitory effect of exogenous TGF-alpha upon MDA468 and A431 cell cultures. Monovalent 225 Fab' had weaker inhibitory effects upon the proliferation of these cell lines. To determine whether the in vivo antiproliferative activity of anti-EGF receptor MAb can occur without the participation of the Fc portion of MAb, the capacities of 225 F(ab')2 and native 225 MAb to inhibit growth of s.c. A431 cell xenografts were compared. Equimolar amounts of either 225 MAb or 225 F(ab')2 were administered at intervals equivalent to the half-lives of the molecules, to attempt to maintain comparable plasma levels. Both 225 MAb and 225 F(ab')2 inhibited A431 cell xenograft growth in a dose-dependent manner, with a more sustained response in the case of the intact antibody. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Detecting affiliation in colaughter across 24 societies

Citation Bryant, G. A. , Fessler, D. M.T. , Fusaroli, R. , Clint, E. , Aaroe, L. , Apicella, C. L. , Petersen, M. B. , Bickham, S. T. , Bolyanatz, A. , Chavez, B. , De Smet, D. , Diaz, C. , Fancovicova, J., Fux, M. , Giraldo-Perez, P., Hu, Anning, Kamble, S. V. , Kameda, T. , LI, Norman P., & YONG, Jose C. (2016). Detecting affiliation in colaughter across 24 societies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(17), 4682-4687. Available at: https://ink.library. smu.edu. sg/soss_research/1998
The meaning and experience of well-being in dementia for psychiatrists involved in diagnostic disclosure: a qualitative study

ABSTRACT Background: Literature indicates that people's experiences of receiving a diagnosis of dementia can have a lasting impact on well-being. Psychiatrists frequently lead in communicating a diagnosis but little is known about the factors that could contribute to potential disparities between actual and best practice with regard to diagnostic disclosure. A clearer understanding of psychiatrists’ subjective experiences of disclosure is therefore needed to improve adherence to best practice guidelines and ensure that diagnostic disclosure facilitates living well with dementia. Methods: This study utilized qualitative methodology. Semi-structured interviews conducted with 11 psychiatrists were analyzed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: Three superordinate and nine subordinate themes emerged from the data analysis. These included the following: (i) “The levels of well-being” (Continuing with life, Keeping a sense of who they are, Acceptance of the self), (ii) “Living well is a process” (Disclosure can set the scene for well-being, Positive but realistic messages, Whose role it is to support well-being? ), and (iii) Ideal care versus real care (Supporting well-being is not prioritized, There isn't time, The fragmentation of care). Conclusions: Findings indicate that psychiatrists frame well-being in dementia as a multi-faceted biopsychosocial construct but that certain nihilistic attitudes may affect how well-being is integrated into diagnostic communication. Such attitudes were linked with the perceived threat of dementia and limitations of post-diagnostic care. Behaviors used to manage the negative affect associated with ethical and clinical tensions triggered by attempts to facilitate well-being at the point of diagnosis, and their impact on adherence to best practice disclosure, are discussed.
Objects do not predict fixations better than early saliency: a re-analysis of Einhauser et al.'s data.

Einhäuser, Spain, and Perona (2008) explored an alternative hypothesis to saliency maps (i.e., spatial image outliers) and claimed that "objects predict fixations better than early saliency. " To test their hypothesis, they measured eye movements of human observers while they inspected 93 photographs of common natural scenes (Uncommon Places dataset by Shore, Tillman, & Schmidt-Wulen 2004; Supplement Figure S4). Subjects were asked to observe an image and, immediately afterwards, to name objects they saw (remembered). Einhäuser et al. showed that a map made of manually drawn object regions, each object weighted by its recall frequency, predicts fixations in individual images better than early saliency. Due to important implications of this hypothesis, we investigate it further. The core of our analysis is explained here. Please refer to the Supplement for details.
Seismicity and geodetic anomalies in a wide area preceding the Niigata-Ken-Chuetsu earthquake of 23 October 2004, central Japan

[1] The ordinary short-term occurrence rate of earthquakes in a region is predicted using the Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model of triggering seismicity. Any anomalous seismic activity, such as quiescence and activation, can be quantified by identifying significant deviation from the predicted rate. Such anomalies are revealed to have occurred during the three year period leading up to the 2004 Chuetsu earthquake of M6.8 (Mw6.6), central Japan. The quiescence and activation, which took place in the zone of negative and positive increments of the Coulomb failure stress, respectively, were possibly caused by aseismic slip on or near the focal fault plane. Such slip is further supported by transient crustal movement around the rupture source. Time series records of the baseline distances between permanent GPS stations deviated from the predicted trends, with the deviations mostly consistent with the coseismic horizontal displacements of the stations due to the Chuetsu earthquake. The cumulated preceding slip is estimated to be roughly equivalent to Mw6.
The World's Largest Floods, Past and Present: Their Causes and Magnitudes

The flood, one of the worst on record, killed more than 4,000 people and drove millions from their homes. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.
Evaluation of 11 C-BU99008, a positron emission tomography ligand for the Imidazoline 2 binding site in human brain

The imidazoline 2 binding sites (I 2 BS), are thought to be expressed in glia, and implicated in the regulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein. A positron emission tomography (PET) ligand for this target would be important for the investigation of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. 11 C-BU99008 has previously been identified as a putative PET radioligand. Here we present the first in vivo characterisation of this PET radioligand in humans and assess its test-retest reproducibility. Methods: 14 healthy male volunteers underwent dynamic PET imaging with 11 C-BU99008 and arterial sampling. Six subjects were used to assess test-retest and eight were used in the pharmacological evaluation, undergoing a second, or third heterologous competition scan with the mixed I 2 BS/α 2 -adrenoceptor drug, idazoxan (n=8; 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg) and the mixed irreversible monoamine oxidase (MAO) A/B inhibitor, isocarboxazid (n=4; 50 mg), respectively. Regional time-activity data were generated from arterial plasma input functions corrected for metabolites using the most appropriate model to derive the outcome measure V T (regional total distribution volume). All image processing and kinetic analysis was performed in MIAKAT™ (www.miakat.org). Results: Brain uptake of 11 C-BU99008 was good with reversible kinetics and a heterogeneous distribution consistent with known I 2 BS expression. Model selection criteria indicated that the 2-tissue-compartment was preferred. V T estimates were high in the striatum (105±21 mL × cm -3 ), medium in cingulate cortex (62±10 mL × cm -3 ) and low in the cerebellum (41±7 mL × cm -3 ). Test-retest reliability was found to be reasonable. The uptake was dose-dependently reduced by pre-treatment with idazoxan throughout the brain, with an average block across all regions of ~60% ( V T ≅ 30 mL × cm -3 ) at the highest dose
Political economy of US states and rates of fatal occupational injury.

OBJECTIVES We investigated the extent to which the political economy of US states, including the relative power of organized labor, predicts rates of fatal occupational injury. METHODS We described states' political economies with 6 contextual variables measuring social and political conditions: "right-to-work" laws, union membership density, labor grievance rates, state government debt, unemployment rates, and social wage payments. We obtained data on fatal occupational injuries from the National Traumatic Occupational Fatality surveillance system and population data from the US national census. We used Poisson regression methods to analyze relationships for the years 1980 and 1995. RESULTS States differed notably with respect to political-economic characteristics and occupational fatality rates, although these characteristics were more homogeneous within rather than between regions. Industry and workforce composition contributed significantly to differences in state injury rates, but political-economic characteristics of states were also significantly associated with injury rates, after adjustment accounting for those factors. CONCLUSIONS Higher rates of fatal occupational injury were associated with a state policy climate favoring business over labor, with distinct regional clustering of such state policies in the South and Northeast.
Phoneme Classification with Bidirectional LSTM Networks

In this paper, we apply bidirectional training to a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) network for the first time. We also present a modified, full gradient version of the LSTM learning algorithm. On the TIMIT speech database, we measure the framewise phoneme classification ability of bidirectional and unidirectional variants of both LSTM and conventional Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). We find that the LSTM architecture outperforms conventional RNNs and that bidirectional networks outperform unidirectional ones.
On Delay Fairness for Multiple Network Coding Transmissions

This paper studies the unfairness issues of network coding in multi hop wireless networks. Most of the work on network coding focuses on the obtained throughput gain. They show that mixing lineally the packets at the intermediate nodes is capacity-achieving. However, network coding schemes designed only to maximize the throughput could be unfairly biased. The reason is that by mixing different flows, packets destined to one destination in order to be decoded need to wait for the reception of the whole mixed set of encoded packets that may be totally independent in terms of final destination. This may lead to highly unfair delay for small block data. To mitigate this unfairness, relay nodes may mix only packets going to the same destination. We call this strategy FairMix. Although FairMix may limit the maximum attainable throughput, it aims to make distinct for decoding delay of each destination corresponding to the size of the data block. In order to investigate this trade off, we compare the FairMix performance with a naive network coding which mixes packets destined to different destinations. The simulation under lossy wireless links, limited memory and bandwidth resources, and different block sizes shows that FairMix is effective in improving fairness among destinations in comparison to naive network coding.
Environmental and Economic Consequences of Ontario's Green Energy Act

The Ontario Green Energy and Green Economy Act (herein the GEA) was passed in May 2009 with the purpose of addressing environmental concerns and promoting economic growth in Ontario. Its centerpiece is a schedule of subsidized electricity purchase contracts called Feed-in-Tariffs (FITs) that provide long-term guarantees of above-market rates for power generated by wind turbine farms, solar panel installations, bio-energy plants and small hydroelectric generators. Development of these power sources was motivated in part by a stated goal of closing the Lambton and Nanticoke coal-fired power plants.This report investigates the effect of the GEA on economic competitiveness in Ontario. It focuses on three questions: (1) Will the GEA materially improve environmental quality in Ontario? (2) Is it a cost-effective plan for accomplishing its goals? (3) Are the economic effects on households and leading economic sectors likely to be positive? The answer to each question is unambiguously negative.It is unlikely the Green Energy Act will yield any environmental improvements other than those that would have happened anyway under policy and technology trends established since the 1970s. Indeed, it is plausible that adding more wind power to the grid will end up increasing overall air emissions from the power generation sector.