Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Holocene temperature variability in the Nordic Seas: The role of oceanic heat advection versus changes in orbital forcing

Received 7 January 2011; revised 15 July 2011; accepted 21 July 2011; published 22 October 2011. [1] The separate roles of oceanic heat advection and orbital forcing on influencing early Holocene temperature variability in the eastern Nordic Seas is investigated. The effect of changing orbital forcing on the ocean temperatures is tested using the 1DICE model, and the 1DICE results are compared with new and previously published temperature reconstructions from a transect of five cores located underneath the pathway of Atlantic water, from the Faroe‐Shetland Channel in the south to the Barents Sea in the north. The stronger early Holocene summer insolation at high northern latitudes increased the summer mixed layer temperatures, however, ocean temperatures underneath the summer mixed layer did not increase significantly. The absolute maximum in summer mixed layer temperatures occurred between 9 and 6 ka BP, representing the Holocene Thermal Maximum in the eastern Nordic Seas. In contrast, maximum in northward oceanic heat transport through the Norwegian Atlantic Current occurred approximately 10 ka BP. The maximum in oceanic heat transport at 10 ka BP occurred due to a major reorganization of the Atlantic Ocean circulation, entailing strong and deep rejuvenation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, combined with changes in the North Atlantic gyre dynamic causing enhanced transport of heat and salt into the Nordic Seas.
Cyclic Transfer Learning for Mandarin-English Code-Switching Speech Recognition

Transfer learning is a common method to improve the performance of the model on a target task via pre-training the model on pretext tasks. Different from the methods using monolingual corpora for pre-training, in this study, we propose a Cyclic Transfer Learning method (CTL) that utilizes both code-switching (CS) and monolingual speech resources as the pretext tasks. Moreover, the model in our approach is always alternately learned among these tasks. This helps our model can improve its performance via maintaining CS features during transferring knowledge. The experiment results on the standard SEAME Mandarin-English CS corpus have shown that our proposed CTL approach achieves the best performance with Mixed Error Rate (MER) of 16.3% on test<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{man}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, 24.1% on test<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{sge}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. In comparison to the baseline model that was pre-trained with monolingual data, our CTL method achieves 11.4% and 8.7% relative MER reduction on the test<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{man}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and test<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{sge}$</tex-math></inline-formula> sets, respectively. Besides, the CTL approach also outperforms compared to other state-of-the-art methods.
Detecting depressive and anxiety disorders in distressed patients in primary care

Background: Depressive and anxiety disorders often go unrecognized in distressed primary care patients, despite the overtly psychosocial nature of their demand for help. This is especially problematic in more severe disorders needing specific treatment (e.g. antidepressant pharmacotherapy or specialized cognitive behavioural therapy). The use of a screening tool to detect (more severe) depressive and anxiety disorders may be useful not to overlook such disorders. We examined the accuracy with which the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) are able to detect (more severe) depressive and anxiety disorders in distressed patients, and which cut-off points should be used. Methods: Seventy general practitioners (GPs) included 295 patients on sick leave due to psychological problems. They excluded patients with recognized depressive or anxiety disorders. Patients completed the 4DSQ and HADS. Standardized diagnoses of DSM-IV defined depressive and anxiety disorders
Calibration and evaluation of an objective measure of physical activity in pre-school children

Background The purposes of this study were 1) to establish accelerometer count cutoffs to categorize activity intensity of 3 to 5-y old-children and 2) to evaluate the accelerometer as a measure of children’s physical activity in preschool settings. Methods While wearing an ActiGraph accelerometer, 16 preschool children performed five, 3-min structured activities. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analyses identified count cutoffs for four physical activity intensities. In 9 preschools, 281 children wore an ActiGraph during observations performed by three trained observers (interobserver reli-ability = 0.91 to 0.98). Results Separate count cutoffs for 3, 4, and 5-y olds were established. Sensitivity and specificity for the count cutoffs ranged from 86.7% to 100.0% and 66.7% to 100.0%, respectively. ActiGraph counts/15 s were different among all activities (P < 0.05) except the two sitting activities. Correlations between observed and ActiGraph intensity categorizations at the preschools ranged from 0.46 to 0.70 (P < 0.001). Conclusions The ActiGraph count cutoffs established and validated in this study can be used to objectively categorize the time that preschool-age children spend in different physical activity intensity levels.
Correlation Analysis Between Time Awareness and Morningness-Eveningness Preference

The circadian clock is adjusted by light inputs via the retinohypothalamic tract. Because environmental light is controllable for modern humans at the individual’s preference although under social schedules, individual differences in time-related psychology and behavior may be associated with morningness-eveningness preference (M-E preference). To examine this hypothesis, we used the Time Management Scale and Time Anxiety Scale to quantify time-related psychology and behavior. These scales aim to evaluate “awareness of effective time management and utilization” and “anxiety about uncontrollable time schedule and unexpected time-related outcome”, respectively. According to our correlation analysis using mid-sleep time as a marker for M-E preference, we obtained results supporting our hypothesis in the correlation between the M-E preference values and the Time Management Scale scores, with larger “time estimation” and “taking each moment as it comes” scores associated with more morningness and eveningness, respectively. Considering that modern humans likely become night owls under artificial light conditions, it appears plausible that lower awareness of time management leads to more eveningness.
Influences of Typhoon Chanchu on the 2006 South China Sea summer monsoon onset

This study reveals some unique features associated with the impact of Typhoon Chanchu on the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon (SCSSM) onset in 2006. With Typhoon Chanchu entering the SCS in mid‐May, southwesterlies were induced over the SCS and its upstream region due to a thermally forced Rossby wave response, leading to a reversal of low‐level winds and a positive meridional temperature gradient (MTG) in the upper troposphere over the SCS. Typhoon Chanchu thus acted as an immediate trigger for the SCSSM onset, and the onset date was suggested to occur in the third pentad of May. After the typhoon landed in the coast of southern China, it still contributed to the establishment of the SCSSM due to warming the air column over the northern SCS, resulting in a persistent positive MTG with the ridge surface tilting northward.
Noise Analysis and Design Methodology of Chopper Amplifiers With Analog DC-Servo Loop for Biopotential Acquisition Applications

Biopotential acquisition chopper instrumentation amplifiers require a dc-servo loop (DSL) in order to filter electrode dc offsets. However, the noise performance degradation due to the addition of the DSL is often overlooked despite that it can be very detrimental at the frequencies of interest. This article presents an in-depth noise analysis of biopotential acquisition chopper instrumentation amplifiers with analog DSLs. Analytical expressions that predict the noise of different DSL implementations are found and a design flow to minimize their noise contribution is proposed. The design methodology is demonstrated with example circuits targeting biopotential recording systems. These circuits are implemented using a standard 180 nm CMOS technology, and their performance is verified through postlayout simulations. The findings of this work provide a comprehensive understanding of the noise characteristics of a DSL, its impact on noise performance, and design strategies for noise optimization.
Clearcut and Forest-Type Discrimination in Satellite SAR Imagery

RESUMELa presente etude avait pour objet d'evaluer et de comparer trois systemes radars montes a bord de satellites en regard de leur utilite pour distinguer les coupes a blanc des terrains forestiers avoisinants (peuplements forestiers, champs ouverts et milieux humides). La zone d'etude est situee pres de Chalk River, en Ontario. L'imagerie radar, qui s'echelonne sur une periode de 17 mois, de 1992 a 1993, comprend deux images JERS-1 dont l'une recueillie en ete et l'autre en hiver, des images ERS-1 prises au cours des quatre saisons et, enfin, une image ALMAZ acquise en ete. Toutes les images ont ete superposees a une image obtenue avec le capteur thematique de Landsat corrigee selon le systeme de projection UTM. Des zones d'entrainement ont ete etablies pour les coupes a blanc dans des conditions differentes de sol et pour plusieurs types de peuplement tels que les peuplements de pins rouges, de pins gris, de feuillus et de melanges. La discriminabilite des signatures des zones d'entrainement a ete de.
Surface ozone in Antarctica

Surface ozone measurements made in Antarctica during the 1960's show a pronounced annual variation with a summer minimum and winter to late winter maximum. Furthermore, the maximum in surface ozone precedes that in total ozone by from 3 to 5 months, the indication being a loose coupling between the Antarctic stratosphere and troposphere. The annual cycle in surface ozone, instead of reflecting changes in the Antarctic stratosphere, may be a consequence of the variation in low-level meridional transport of ozone from higher latitudes into the Antarctic continent by synoptic scale disturbances. As might be expected from a consideration of Antarctic geography and meteorology, no significant diurnal variations occur in surface ozone. The nonperiodic surface ozone fluctuations observed during the late spring and summer months at South Pole station are most likely caused by sporadic breakdowns of the low-level inversion layer. At the lower latitude stations the day-to-day variations in surface ozone are in all likelihood associated with changes in weather systems.
Effects of logging and fire on runoff and erosion on highly erodible granitic soils in Tasmania

A set of rainfall simulator experiments was carried out in a logged forest in Tasmania, Australia, to quantify the impact of logging and fire on runoff and soil loss. A large, portable rainfall simulator was developed for the experiments to help overcome problems associated with spatially varying hydraulic and erosion properties of the soil. Simulated rainfall events with intensities of approximately 35, 75, and 150 mm h−1 were applied to four 300 m2 plots with different levels of surface disturbance: severely burnt, logged and burnt with high mechanical disturbance, logged with low mechanical disturbance, and undisturbed. The experiments indicated that the amount of runoff and soil loss from the plots depended on the type and degree of disturbance to the natural biotic crust developed on this soil. Erodibility per unit runoff was greatest on the severely burnt plot; but runoff on the mechanically disturbed site was so great that it produced the highest total sediment yield on an event basis. Runoff production was similar on the three plots where the natural biotic crust was largely intact and was low relative to the plot with high mechanical disturbance. Total sediment yield was typically higher on logged plots than on unlogged plots.
Cooperative ligand binding to a double-stranded Ising lattice—Application to cofilin binding to actin filaments

Abstract Cooperative ligand binding to linear polymers is fundamental in many scientific disciplines, particularly biological and chemical physics and engineering. Such ligand binding interactions have been widely modeled using infinite one-dimensional (1D) Ising models even in cases where the linear polymers are more complex (e.g. actin filaments and other double-stranded linear polymers). Here, we use sequence-generating and transfer matrix methods to obtain an analytical method for cooperative equilibrium ligand binding to double-stranded Ising lattices. We use this exact solution to evaluate binding properties and features and analyze experimental binding data of cooperative binding of the regulatory protein, cofilin, to actin filaments. This analysis, with additional experimental information about the observed bound cofilin cluster sizes and filament structure, reveals that a bound cofilin promotes cooperative binding to its longitudinal nearest-neighbors but has very modest effects on lateral nearest-neighbors. The bound cofilin cluster sizes calculated from the best fit parameters from the double-stranded model are considerably larger than when calculated with the 1D model, consistent with experimental observations made by electron microscopy and fluorescence imaging. The exact solution obtained and the method for using the solution developed here can be widely used for analysis of variety of multistranded lattice systems.
Interpopulational genetic diversity in the medically important scorpion Tityus obscurus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from northeastern Brazilian Amazonia

ABSTRACT Scorpion envenoming is considered a public health problem in Brazil. A recent study described a variation in the clinical outcome of envenoming by Tityus obscurus in two populations separated by 850 km in the northeastern Amazon region. Our aim was to evaluate whether such clinical and toxinological variations are associated with underlying differences in genetic diversity between these two T. obscurus populations. We obtained DNA from five individuals of each population, in the municipalities of Belém and Santarém, located east and west of the state of Pará, Brazil, respectively. Gene regions encoding mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and ribosomal 16S RNA (16S) were amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inferences (BA) for both molecular data (COI and 16S). The sampled T. obscurus populations corresponded to two distinct mtDNA lineages (genetic distance COI K2 P = 0.08 to 0.13; 16S K2 P = 0.10 to 0.11) with no shared mutations between groups and well supported by ML and BA inferences. Based on the divergence values found between eastern and western populations (COI, 0.07 to 0.12; 16S, 0.10), our study confirms the genetic heterogeneity of T. obscurus populations within the state of Pará, which correlates with observed venom and clinical differences, and reinforces the need for mapping the distribution of haplotypes throughout the geographic range of T. obscurus, to aid in future epidemiological, toxinological, and evolutionary studies.
The semidiurnal tide in the middle atmosphere of Mars

Atmospheric thermal tides are global oscillations in atmospheric fields that are subharmonics of a solar day. While atmospheric tides on Earth are mainly relevant in the upper atmosphere, on Mars, they dominate temperature variations and winds throughout the atmosphere. Observations and model simulations to date have suggested that the migrating diurnal tide is the predominant mode in the Martian atmosphere, and that the semidiurnal tide is only relevant in the tropical middle atmosphere during conditions of high dust loading. New comprehensive observations by the Mars Climate Sounder in a geometry that allows coverage of multiple local times show that the semidiurnal tide is a dominant response of the Martian atmosphere throughout the Martian year. The maximum semidiurnal amplitude of ~ 16 K is found at southern winter high latitudes, which makes it the largest tidal amplitude observed in the Martian middle atmosphere outside of dust storm conditions. The semidiurnal tide can be successfully modeled due to recent advances of Mars General Circulation Models (MGCMs) that include the radiatively active treatment of water ice clouds. Tidal forcing occurs through absorption of radiation by aerosols and points to the vertical structure of dust and clouds and their radiative effects as being essential for our understanding of the thermal structure and the general circulation of the Martian atmosphere. As with terrestrial GCMs trying to quantify mechanisms affecting climate, future Mars modeling efforts will require microphysical schemes to control aerosol distributions, and vertically and temporally resolved measurements of temperature and aerosols will be essential for their validation.
Parallel all-optical logic operations based on metasurface polarization optics

We developed a general framework for parallel all-optical logic operations with independent phase control of arbitrary orthogonal polarization state enabled by a single-layer metasurface. A pair of orthogonal circular polarized bases are used as two input channels of the logic operator, and their four combinations perfectly match various binary input states. Correspondingly, distinct phase profiles are encoded into the metasurface, which enables parallel operation of the two logic gates by way of polarization switching. It allows for an efficient and compact way to implement multi-channel multi-plexed logic gate operations with the capability of fast optical computing at the chip scale.
Transarterial Chemoembolization Plus Lenvatinib and PD-1 Inhibitors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Main Trunk Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

Purpose In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been used in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and local therapies, creating a new era in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). However, the benefits of this triple therapy remain unclear. Thus, this study evaluated whether the combination of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), lenvatinib, and programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors (triple therapy) was effective and safe for unresectable HCC with main trunk portal vein tumor thrombus (Vp4). Patients and Methods This study enrolled patients receiving triple therapy at four institutions between August 2018 and April 2022. Patient characteristics and course of treatment were extracted from patient records. Tumors and tumor thrombus response were evaluated using an HCC-specific modified RECIST. Kaplan–Meier curve analysis demonstrated overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Adverse events (AEs) were evaluated according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5.0. Results Median follow-up duration was 18 (4.0–26.3) months. Overall, 41 patients with HCC and Vp4 receiving first-line triple therapy were enrolled. The intrahepatic tumor objective response rate was 68.3%. The median OS was 21.7 (range, 2.8–30.5) months, whereas the median PFS was 14.5 (range, 1.3–27.6) months. Twelve patients received sequential resections. Resection was independently associated with favorable OS and PFS. Fever (31.7%), hypertension (26.8%), fatigue (24.4%), abnormal liver function (63.4%) and decreased appetite (21.9%) were the AEs frequently associated with treatment. No treatment-related mortality occurred. Conclusion TACE plus lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibition was effective and tolerable for treating unresectable HCC with Vp4, with a high tumor response rate and favorable prognosis.
Diagnostic value of the vascular index measured by superb microvascular imaging for evaluating breast tumors: a meta-analysis.

AIM This meta-analysis aims to assess the accuracy of superb microvascular imaging (SMI) using the vascular index (VI) in the diagnosis of breast tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library and Scopus were searched for relevant literature by two researchers until March 14, 2023. The Stata Version 16.0 software was utilized to compute the pooled values for sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR) and diagnostic odd ratios (DOR). Heterogeneity among the included literature was assessed using the I2 statistic and Q test. Conducting influence analysis was used to ensure the robustness of the pooled conclusions and the Deeks' funnel plot asymmetry test to assess publication bias. We also performed the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve. RESULTS Six studies included 1200 breast lesions. The ultimate results in the VI of SMI are as follows: The pooled Sen was 0.80 (95% confidence interval(CI), 0.75-0.85), the pooled Spe was 0.68 (95% CI 0.63-0.74), the pooled PLR was 2.54 (95% CI 2.07-3.12), the pooled NLR was 0.29 (95% CI 0.22-0.38), the pooled DOR was 8.91 (95% CI 5.62-14.13), and the area under the SROC (AUC) was 0.81. CONCLUSION The application of SMI using VI may have the potential to benefit the patients and represents a valuable quantitative parameter of SMI for the diagnosis of breast neoplasms.
Carbon isotopic discrimination and control of nighttime canopy δ18O‐CO2 in a pine forest in the southeastern United States

Canopy and soil CO2 concentration and isotopic measurements were conducted in a slash pine forest during a progressive drought in the southeastern United States (1) to determine and compare variations in δ13C of foliage (δCf), soil (δCs), and ecosystem‐respired CO2 (δCr) and (2) to evaluate the usefulness of a two end‐member oxygen isotope ratio (δ18O of CO2) approach to partition nighttime ecosystem respiration into soil and plant components at different heights within the canopy. The δCf was enriched by 2.2 ± 0.3 (standard error) ‰ during the extreme drought in May relative to September when precipitation was above normal. The enrichment in δCf exceeded changes in δCr and δCs for the same time period (1.6 ± 0.5 and 1.0 ± 0.4‰, respectively). Lower variations in the 13C of soil‐respired CO2 relative to the variations of the autotrophic component can buffer changes in δCr, which integrates the 13C signature of canopy and soil respired CO2. Application of a two end‐member model to canopy δ18O‐CO2 indicated that soil CO2 contribution to nighttime CO2 buildup within the canopy decreased from 100% at the soil surface to 0% within the canopy in September. In May, during the extreme drought period, soil respiration rate was 2.7 times lower than the rate in September despite similar soil temperatures (23° in May versus 19°C in September). Soil and aboveground respiration equally contributed to the nocturnal CO2 buildup within the canopy in May. Our model was limited in that it produced an upper limit value for soil respiration and neglected respiration by woody tissue.