Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attitude towards Corruption among the Students of Higher Learning

This study investigates the attitudes of young students towards the causes of corruption, which is now wide-spread in India. It also investigates how corruption can be curbed down and controlled effectively from the society. Factor analysis was used to find out the causes of corruption and how to curb it down. Seven factors were found to be the causes of corruption and three factors were found for curbing the corruption down.
A Decision Theoretic Model for Information Retrieval Supporting Time Constraints

This paper presents ideas and identi£es research issues for a novel information retrieval model for general purpose information retrieval systems, in which each query except from specifying the topic of the information need, it also speci£es the time period the user is willing to spend for getting and consuming the answer set, hence, for changing his mental state and ful£lling his information need. The model requires knowing the ”consumption time” of each document by the user. We describe methods for obtaining these times and show how these times can be exploited for providing different results orderings. We analyze the issue of ordering from a decision theoretic point of view and we further investigate an approach that uses Cost-Bene£t Analysis for choosing the documents to be returned for each query. The model is further re£ned in order to support long term information needs with deadlines and documents that are not instantly deliverable.
A protean palette: colour materials and mixing in birds and butterflies

While typically classified as either ‘structural’ or ‘pigmentary’, bio-optical tissues of terrestrial animals are rarely homogeneous and typically contain both a structural material such as keratin or chitin and one or more pigments. These base materials interact physically and chemically to create colours. Combinations of structured base materials and embedded pigment molecules often interact optically to produce unique colours and optical properties. Therefore, to understand the mechanics and evolution of bio-optical tissues it is critical to understand their material properties, both in isolation and in combination. Here, we review the optics and evolution of coloured tissues with a focus on their base materials, using birds and butterflies as exemplar taxa owing to the strength of our current knowledge of colour production in these animals. We first review what is known of their base materials, and then discuss the consequences of these interactions from an optical perspective. Finally, we suggest directions for future research on colour optics and evolution that will be invaluable as we move towards a fuller understanding of colour in the natural world.
The Progressive Course of Neurological Symptoms in Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarcts

Background Infarctions of the anterior choroidal artery affect multiple anatomical structures, leading to a wide spectrum of neurological deficits with frequent symptom fluctuation or progression. Aims To assess etiological mechanisms, frequency, and predicttorsof symptom progression, as well as its impact on prognosis. Methods Anterior choroidal artery infarct patients were prospectively identified via predefined infarct locations with ischemic lesions ⩾1·5 cm vertical diameter in cerebral imaging. Definition of neurological progression was ⩾2 National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale points in motor function or ⩾4 in total National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Stroke etiology was determined according to Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification. We assessed demographical data, risk factors, and acute phase parameters in order to find predictors of neurological progression. Results Thirty patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Eighteen patients (60%) had neurological progression during days 1–3. Despite similar stroke severity at admission (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in progressive infarcts 4·5 versus 4; P = 0·72), patients with progression had more severe deficits at day 3 (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 9 vs. 3·5; P = 0·04) and worse three-month outcome. Only 31% of patients with progression scored <2 in the modified Rankin Scale compared with 89% without progression (P = 0·01) after three-months. No statistically significant differences regarding possible predictors of progression were found. Magnetic resonance imaging findings and etiological assessment suggest overlapping mechanisms of small and large vessel disease. Conclusions Neurological deterioration is frequent in anterior choroidal artery infarcts and is associated with worse outcome. While mechanisms of small and large vessel disease seem to overlap in anterior choroidal artery infarction, we were not able to identify predictors of neurological progression.
Safe operation of transmission system considering EV at distribution level

In this paper, the IEEE 14 bus test system is used in order to perform adequacy assessment of a transmission system when large scale integration of electric vehicles is considered at distribution levels. In this framework, the symmetric/constr ained fuzzy power flow (SFPF/CFPF) was proposed. The SFPF/CFPF models are suitable to quantify the adequacy of transmission network to satisfy “reasonable demands for the transmission of electricity” as defined, for instance, in the European Directive 2009/72/EC. In this framework, electric vehicles of different types will be treated as fuzzy loads configuring part of the “reasonable demands”. With this study, it is also intended to show how to evaluate the amount of EVs that can be safely accommodated to the grid meeting a certain adequacy level.
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome : 40 years of Exogenous Surfactant

On August 9th , 1963, Patrick Bouvier Kennedy, the son of USA President John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier, died after 39 hours of life, being born 5 1⁄2 weeks premature. This was not a so severe prematurity, but anyhow he was affected by HMD, and at that time only oxygen was available for neonates with respiratory failure. Of course such death gave a great prompt to the research in this field.
Contour segmentation using an improved GAC model

An improved geodesic active contour model for the detection of object boundaries is presented. A geodesic active contour model is based on an active contour evolving in time. The geodesic active contour model has a serious weakness, that is, it stops at a local minimum where there is a deep concave boundary in an image. The generalized geodesic active contour model makes an active contour convergent to long, thin boundary indentations by introducing a shrinkage force. In this paper, we present an improved geodesic active contour model based on the generalized geodesic active contour with an error term. Experimental results show that the proposed model works successfully for concave objects, it can not only detect object boundaries, but also improve double rings. The convergence rate is faster, the robust is better than the generalized geodesic active contour model.
A Study of the Augmented System and Column-Splitting Approaches for Solving Two-Stage Stochastic Linear Programs by Interior-Point Methods

Linear programs that arise in two-stage stochastic programming offer a particularly difficult test of the robustness of interior-point methods. These LPs are typically very large, yet incorporate “dense columns”—corresponding to the first-stage variables—that rule out the standard approach of solving the so-called normal equations. We compare two alternative approaches by running tests on six groups of stochastic linear programs that have been used in previous studies. We find that the augmented system approach consistently requires an amount of work that is very nearly linear in the number of scenarios, whereas the column-splitting approach requires a less predictable amount of work that grows worse than quadratically in some cases. We conclude by explaining how the differences between the two approaches can be viewed as a consequence of the way in which myopic elimination strategies deal with the block-structured matrices involved. Our analysis also leads to a useful comparison of the augmented system a.
Study on acceptance of customised Software Process Improvement (SPI) model for Malaysia's SME

Currently, a number of specific international standards are made available within software engineering discipline to support Software Process Improvement (SPI) such as Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI), ISO/IEC 15504, ISO/IEC 90003 and ISO/IEC 12207. Some suggest on integrating and harmonizing these standards to reduce risks and enhance practicality, however there is no official initiative being made to date to implement this reality. Integrated Software Process Assessment (iSPA) is a proposed initiative being developed on the premise to harmonize and integrate a number of existing software process assessments and practices including improvement standards, models and benchmarks. A survey was conducted on thirty software practitioners to measure the strength and weaknesses of their organization's current software process. The survey also attempts to evaluate the acceptance and needs of implementation of a customized SPI model for Malaysia's SME.
Research on borderline personality disorder: an update

Purpose of review We will summarize the recent literature on borderline personality disorder, a disorder that receives a great deal of clinical and research attention. Recent findings Borderline personality disorder can be diagnosed reliably, and is quite prevalent in clinical and in non-clinical settings. Borderline personality disorder is co-morbid with a number of conditions, and recent research has focused on the co-morbidity with bipolar spectrum disorders. Recent etiological research has focused on childhood attachment, genetics, and neurobiological correlates of borderline personality disorder and underlying traits. As for course and treatment, the features of borderline personality disorder appear to be relatively stable in young adulthood and are associated with a wide range of impairment. Recent guidelines suggest that some combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, and medication are likely to be most effective in treating borderline personality disorder symptoms. Finally, suicidal behavior is a common complication, and continues to be a chief concern in the clinical management of borderline personality disorder. Summary More studies are needed to explore the role of gender in the diagnosis and treatment of borderline personality disorder. Future etiological studies should be multivariate in nature, so that the relative contribution of putative etiological factors can be determined. More high-quality studies of different treatments for borderline personality disorder will shed light on issues such as efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Suicide is a chronic threat in those with borderline personality disorder. More studies exploring the reasons for engaging in suicidal behavior as well as the role of clinicians in managing this behavior are needed.
Investigating the individual difference antecedents of perceived enjoyment in students' use of blogging

With the proliferation of weblogs (blogs) used in educational contexts, gaining a better understanding of why students are willing to blog has become an important topic for practitioners and academics. The main purpose of this study is to explore the individual difference antecedents of perceived enjoyment and examine how they influence blogging intention through the mediation of perceived enjoyment. Based on previous literature, the Big Five personality traits (ie, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience), as well as computer self-efficacy and personal innovation in information technology, are hypothesised as potential antecedents of perceived enjoyment in the acceptance of blogging. Data collected from a sample of 358 students at seven universities in Taiwan were tested against the research model using the structural equation modelling approach. The results indicate that extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and personal innovation in information technology have a significant influence on perceived enjoyment, which in turn significantly influences blogging intention. The findings of this study provide several theoretical and practical implications for educational uses of blogging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Efficient maintenance of common keys in archives of continuous query results from deep websites

In many real-world applications, it is important to create a local archive containing versions of structured results of continuous queries (queries that are evaluated periodically) submitted to autonomous database-driven Web sites (e.g., deep Web). Such history of digital information is a potential gold mine for all kinds of scientific, media and business analysts. An important task in this context is to maintain the set of common keys of the underlying archived results as they play pivotal role in data modeling and analysis, query processing, and entity tracking. A set of attributes in a structured data is a common key iff it is a key for all versions of the data in the archive. Due to the data-driven nature of key discovery from the archive, unlike traditional keys, the common keys are not temporally invariant. That is, keys identified in one version may be different from those in another version. Hence, in this paper, we propose a novel technique to maintain common keys in an archive containing a sequence of versions of evolutionary continuous query results. Given the current common key set of existing versions and a new snapshot, we propose an algorithm called COKE (COmmon KEy maintenancE) which incrementally maintains the common key set without undertaking expensive minimal keys computation from the new snapshot. Furthermore, it exploits certain interesting evolutionary features of real-world data to further reduce the computation cost. Our exhaustive empirical study demonstrates that COKE has excellent performance and is orders of magnitude faster than a baseline approach for maintenance of common keys.
KMD-3213, a uroselective and long-acting alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor antagonist, tested in a novel rat model.

KMD-3213, an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor (AR) antagonist, is under development for the treatment of urinary outlet obstruction in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. In the present study, we developed a rat model to investigate simply the effects of alpha(1)-AR antagonists on the intraurethral pressure (IUP) response to phenylephrine. Using this model, inhibitory effects of both i.v. and intraduodenally administered KMD-3213 on the IUP response were evaluated and compared to those of other reference compounds, including prazosin and tamsulosin. In addition, the hypotensive effects of these compounds were estimated to evaluate uroselectivity. Intravenously administered alpha(1)-AR antagonists tested, including KMD-3213, potently inhibited the IUP response in a dose-dependent manner. Although the higher doses of those compounds almost completely inhibited the IUP response, yohimbine failed to inhibit the response. When the in vivo potencies of those compounds on IUP response were correlated with their affinities for the human or animal recombinant alpha(1)-AR subtypes, alpha(1a)-AR gave the best correlation. In this model, KMD-3213 had greater uroselectivity than any other compounds examined, by both i.v. and intraduodenal routes. Moreover, 12, 18, and 24 h after the oral administration of KMD-3213, a dose-dependent inhibition of the IUP response was found, whereas the effect of tamsulosin disappeared at 18 h after the oral administration. These data indicate that KMD-3213 is a highly uroselective alpha(1)-AR antagonist with a longer duration of action. In addition, this model is useful for not only estimation of uroselectivity but also some part of the administration, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of many compounds to discover uroselective compounds.
Timing-driven obstacles-avoiding routing tree construction for a multiple-layer system

In this paper, we formulate the timing-driven multiple-layer obstacle-avoiding rectilinear Steiner minimal tree (TML-OARSMT) problem and propose an algorithm to solve the problem. The objective is simultaneously to minimize the maximum source-to-terminal length and minimize the number of vias. The proposed algorithm contains the three steps, including the multiple-level timing-driven partitioning, the multiple-level routing tree construction with obstacles, and the timing-driven multiple-layer balanced tree construction. Compared with the traditional method, the partition-based method can significantly improve the maximum source-to-terminal length and the total wirelength by 11.3% and 10.9% respectively with the additional number of vias.
Decreased sensitivity of 5-HT1D receptors in melancholic depression

Background Brain serotonin (5-HT) function is abnormal in major depression, but the involvement of different 5-HT receptor subtypes has been little studied. The availability of selective ligands now makes it possible to test the sensitivity of 5-HT1D receptors in patients with depression. Aims The aim of the study was to use the 5-HT1D receptor agonist, zolmitriptan, to test the sensitivity of 5-HT1D receptors in patients with depression before and after treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Method We measured the growth hormone response to zolmitriptan (5 mg orally) in patients with major depression before and after SSRI treatment. A matched sample of healthy subjects acted as a control group. Results The growth hormone response to zolmitriptan was blunted in patients with a melancholic depressive syndrome. SSRI treatment produced a marked reduction in zolmitriptan-induced growth hormone release. Conclusions Patients with melancholic depression have impaired sensitivity of the post-synaptic 5-HT1D receptors that mediate growth hormone release. The reduction in 5-HT1D receptor sensitivity following SSRI treatment is probably an adaptive response to increased levels of synaptic 5-HT.
Prognostic significance of epithelial-stromal vascular cuffing and microvessel density in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

OBJECTIVE Tumor angiogenesis has been shown to play an important role in tumor growth and metastasis. This study examines the prognostic significance of two histological markers of angiogenesis, i.e., vascular cuffing (VC), a bead-like arrangement of microvessels closely surrounding microscopic tumor nests, and microvessel density (MVD), the number of microvessels in a unit area, in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS One hundred twenty-two specimens from surgically resected uteri with cervical squamous cell carcinoma were histologically reviewed and immunostained for CD34. VC was graded into "none," "incomplete," and "complete. " The MVD was determined by counting the microvessels with a light microscope within a x200 field area where neovascularization occurred most actively. Stromal inflammation was also split into three grades. The relationship of VC or MVD to clinicopathological prognostic factors such as FIGO stage, cervical stromal invasion, lymph-vascular space invasion, pelvic lymph node metastasis, and parametrial invasion was evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The patients with a complete VC pattern showed a significantly worse prognosis compared to those with a pattern graded as either none or incomplete (P<0.011 and P<0.0001, respectively). The Cox regression analysis revealed the complete VC pattern, together with parametrial invasion, to be an independent prognostic indicator for overall survival. MVD and the grading of stromal inflammation showed no significant relationship with VC or overall survival. CONCLUSIONS The complete VC pattern may therefore be a useful prognostic indicator in cervical squamous cell carcinoma.
Reports from CAGI: The Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation

1Department of Plant andMicrobial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 2Institute for Bioscience andBiotechnologyResearch, University ofMaryland, Rockville,Maryland 3Department of Cell Biology andMolecularGenetics, University ofMaryland, College Park,Maryland Correspondence JohnMoult Institute forBioscienceandBiotechnologyResearch,University ofMaryland,Rockville,Maryland Email: jmoult@umd.edu StevenE.Brenner DepartmentofPlant andMicrobialBiology,University ofCalifornia, Berkeley,California94720 Email: brenner@compbio.berkeley. edu ∗Present address: Physics,California StateUniversityEastBay,Hayward,California. †Present address: ELIXIR,WellcomeGenomeCampus,Hinxton,CambridgeshireCB101SD,UK Contract grant sponsors:NIH (U41HG007346,R13HG006650);MarieCurie InternationalOutgoingFellowship (PIOF-GA-2009-237751); TataConsultancyServices. For theCAGISpecial Issue Special IssueEditors: JohnMoult, StevenE.Brenner LeadGuestEditor: RachelKarchin OrganizingGuestEditor:GaiaAndreoletti ConsultingGuestEditors:AtulButte, ScottKahn, SeanD.Mooney,RobertNussbaum, andPredragRadivojac
Surgical Workflow Management Schemata for Cataract Procedures

Summary Objective: Workflow guidance of surgical activities is a challenging task. Because of variations in patient properties and applied surgical techniques, surgical processes have a high variability. The objective of this study was the design and implementation of a surgical workflow management system (SWFMS) that can provide a robust guidance for surgical activities. We investigated how many surgical process models are needed to develop a SWFMS that can guide cataract surgeries robustly. Methods: We used 100 cases of cataract surgeries and acquired patient-individual surgical process models (iSPMs) from them. Of these, randomized subsets iSPMs were selected as learning sets to create a generic surgical process model (gSPM). These gSPMs were mapped onto workflow nets as work-flow schemata to define the behavior of the SWFMS. Finally, 10 iSPMs from the disjoint set were simulated to validate the workflow schema for the surgical processes. The measurement was the successful guidance of an iSPM. Results: We demonstrated that a SWFMS with a workflow schema that was generated from a subset of 10 iSPMs is sufficient to guide approximately 65% of all surgical processes in the total set, and that a subset of 50 iSPMs is sufficient to guide approx. 80% of all processes. Conclusion: We designed a SWFMS that is able to guide surgical activities on a detailed level. The study demonstrated that the high inter-patient variability of surgical processes can be considered by our approach.
Maturation and Structure Formation Processes in Binders with Aqueous Alkali-Silicate Solutions

Maturation and structure formation processes can lead to crack formation in silicate and aluminosilicate binders (e.g. for coating materials.) through restricted deformation, loss of strength and thus to loss of durability. These processes are evaluated with silicate materials with an outlook on aluminosilicate binders.