Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY JULY 2014, VOL. 35, NO. 52 SHEA/IDS PRACTICE RECOMMENDATION Strategies to Prevent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Transmission and Infection in Acute Care Hospitals: 2014 Update

SHEA/IDS PRACTICE RECOMMENDATION Strategies to Prevent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Transmission and Infection in Acute Care Hospitals: 2014 Update David P. Calfee, MD, MS;1,a Cassandra D. Salgado, MD, MS;2 Aaron M. Milstone, MD;3 Anthony D. Harris, MD, MPH;4 David T. Kuhar, MD;5 Julia Moody, MS;6 Kathy Aureden, MS, MT, CIC;7 Susan S. Huang, MD, MPH;8 Lisa L. Maragakis, MD, MPH;3 Deborah S. Yokoe, MD, MPH 9
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults : 2010 Update by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America ( SHEA ) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) • Author(s): Stuart H. Cohen , MD, Dale N. Gerding , MD, Stuart Johnson , MD, Ciaran P. Kelly , MD, Vivian G. Loo , MD, L. Clifford McDonald , MD, Jacques Pepin , MD, Mark H. Wilcox , MD Source: Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Vol. 31, No. 5 (May 2010), pp. 431-455 Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor. org/stable/10.1086/651706 . Accessed: 03/02/2011 10:23
The effect of display capabilities on the gloss consistency between real and virtual objects

A faithful reproduction of gloss is inherently difficult because of the limited dynamic range, peak luminance, and 3D capabilities of display devices. This work investigates how the display capabilities affect gloss appearance with respect to a real-world reference object. To this end, we employ an accurate imaging pipeline to achieve a perceptual gloss match between a virtual and real object presented side-by-side on an augmented-reality high-dynamic-range (HDR) stereoscopic display, which has not been previously attained to this extent. Based on this precise gloss reproduction, we conduct a series of gloss matching experiments to study how gloss perception degrades based on individual factors: object albedo, display luminance, dynamic range, stereopsis, and tone mapping. We support the study with a detailed analysis of individual factors, followed by an in-depth discussion on the observed perceptual effects. Our experiments demonstrate that stereoscopic presentation has a limited effect on the gloss matching task on our HDR display. However, both reduced luminance and dynamic range of the display reduce the perceived gloss. This means that the visual system cannot compensate for the changes in gloss appearance across luminance (lack of gloss constancy), and the tone mapping operator should be carefully selected when reproducing gloss on a low dynamic range (LDR) display.
Effects of land use on water quality and Ceriodaphnia dubia reproduction Efectos del uso del suelo sobre la calidad del agua y la reproducción de Ceriodaphnia dubia

This study evaluated the effect of water quality of streams from micro-watersheds with different land use (cloud forest, coffee plantation, pasture and under urban influence) during the dry and rainy seasons, lying within the upper watershed of the La Antigua river in Veracruz, Mexico. Water characteristics were measured and laboratory subchronic toxicity tests were performed to evaluate average accumulated progeny, broods per female, and non-reproductive females of Ceriodaphnia dubia. The cloud forest contained chemically undisturbed streams, while the lowest levels of chemical alteration were detected in pasture streams: low fecundity of C. dubia was observed in both types of streams. The most disturbed streams were those associated with coffee plantations and under urban influence, which resulted in enhanced C. dubia fecundity; however, the highest chemical disturbance, found in a stream with urban influence, led to reproduction suppression in the dry season. The most favorable conditions for reproduction were provided by nutrient and probably organic enrichment in streams associated with urban environments and coffee plantations, while in cloud forest and pasture streams, the natural, and close to natural water chemistry caused a reduction in fecundity. Female fecundity was higher during the rainy season.
Resolution and uncertainty in spectral decomposition

Over the last five years or so, spectral decomposition has become a mainstream seismic interpretation process. Most often applied qualitatively, for seismic geomorphologic analysis (e.g., Marfurt and Kirlin, 2001), it is increasingly being applied quantitatively, to compute stratal thickness (as described by Partyka et al., 1999). It has also been applied to direct hydrocarbon detection (Castagna et al., 2003). Broadly speaking, we also apply the principles of spectral decomposition any time we extract a wavelet or look at a spectrum. To date, most of this work has been done with the windowed (‘short-time’) Fourier transform, but other ways of computing spectra are joining our collective toolbox: the S transform (Stockwell et al., 1996), wavelet transforms, and matching pursuit to name a few (e.g., Castagna and Sun, 2006).
Crescimento inicial de Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg sob diferentes composições de substratos

Initial growth of Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg under different substrate compositions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different compositions of substrates on the initial growth of Campomanesia xanthocarpa and to evaluate the physiological rate. The study was conduct in the city of Dourados - state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in the period from January to October 2008. The Campomanesia xanthocarpa was studying under five different substrates (LVd/A/O= Oxisol+coarse sand +Organosuper ® (5:4:1 v/v); LVd/A/C= Oxisol+ coarse sand+ chicken manure (5:4:1 v/v); LVd/A/O²= Oxisol+ coarse sand+Organosuper ® (7:2:1 v/v); LVd/A/C²= Oxisol+ coarse sand+chicken manure (7:2:1 v/v); LVd/ A= Oxisol+ coarse sand (6:4 v/v)) in 7 dm 3 pots and kept in a protected environment with 100% brightness. The substrate consisting of Oxisol + coarse sand provided greater stem diameter (8.29 mm), dry weight of the root, stem and leaf (6.98, 4.49 and 9.06 g / plant, respectively) and increased the physiological indices in the final evaluations, which indicates that this substrate can be used in the development of Campomanesia xanthocarpa.
Sustainable diets : are nutritional objectives and low ‐ carbon ‐ emission objectives compatible ? "

Food systems in developed countries face one major challenge, namely the promotion of diets that are both healthy and generate less greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). In this article, we review papers evaluating the impact of a change in diets on both health and GHGE. We address the following questions: How big are the health and environmental impacts that could be induced by a switch to healthier diets? What is, in monetary value, the relative importance of the health impact and the environmental impact? Is it possible to design an economic policy that increases global welfare taking into account externalities on both health and the environment? Since the way the change in diet is modeled is a key issue, we classify papers according to the methodology used for simulating diet changes: ad-hoc scenarios, optimized diets and economic modelling. We find that it is possible to design economic policies that have positive impacts on both dimensions. Because the substitutions / complementarities between food products are complex, it is not granted that a policy targeting one dimension will generate positive effects on the other dimensions. However, given the diversity of substitution and complementarity possibilities between products, it is possible to design a policy that does improve both dimensions. A carbon-based policy that targets the products with a high GHG content (e.g. meat products) and reinvests the revenues collected with the tax to subsidize the consumption of fruits and vegetables is likely to have positive effects on both dimensions.
Ordovician and Silurian Magmatism in the Upper Nappe, Uppermost Allochthon, Helgeland Nappe Complex, North-Central Norway

The structurally lowest parts of the Upper Nappe of the Helgeland Nappe Complex consist primarily of migmatitic quartzofeldspathic gneiss with intercalated calc-silicate gneiss. Detrital zircons in the gneiss indicate an Ordovician depositional age. Migmatization via biotite dehydration reactions occurred at ~480 Ma at pressures of ~700 MPa; some migmatites were mobilized into cross-cutting diatexites. Diverse gabbroic to granitic plutons and dikes of the Bindal Batholith were emplaced from 448–424 Ma. They range from calc-alkaline to alkalic and most have initial 87Sr/86Sr <0.707 and eNd from 0 to -4. Pressures of emplacement were ca. 300 MPa. Shear zones with reverse shear sense cut 437 Ma intrusions, suggesting that contraction accompanied magmatism.
FISSION TRACK ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO GEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS

▪ Abstract Fission track analysis as a geological dating tool was first proposed in the early 1960s. The past 10 years has seen a major expansion in application to more general geological problems. This reflects advances in understanding the temperature dependence of fission track annealing and of the information contained in fission track length distributions. Fission track analysis provides detailed information on the low-temperature thermal histories of rocks, below ∼120°C for tracks in apatite and below ∼350°C for zircon. Fission track analysis has been applied to a variety of geological problems, including sedimentary provenance, thermal history modeling of sedimentary basins, structural evolution of orogenic belts, and long-term continental denudation.
A ug 2 00 6 NEW UPPER BOUNDS FOR KISSING NUMBERS FROM SEMIDEFINITE PROGRAMMING

Recently A. Schrijver derived new upper bounds for binary codes using semidefinite programming. In this paper we adapt this approach to codes on the unit sphere and we compute new upper bounds for the kissing number in several dimensions. In particular our computations give the (known) values for the cases n = 3, 4, 8, 24.
Revision of the concept of the orthide brachiopod Cyrtonotella in the Middle Ordovician of the East Baltic

The two lowermost Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) brachiopod species that were previously included in the genus Cyrtonotella are re-studied and compared with the type species Cyrtonotella semicircularis (Eichwald) from the St Petersburg Region. Based on the new data the classification of the important group of orthids, widely distributed in the Sandbian Kukruse to Keila regional stages in the East Baltic, is improved. The lower Darriwilian specimens, previously considered to be Cyrtonotella semicircularis, are ascribed to the genus Leoniorthis as the new species Leoniorthis rubeli, which occurs in the St Petersburg Region and in northern Estonia. The other species Cyrtonotella pakriensis Rubel is included in the new genus Rogorthis, which is restricted to the sandy limestones of the Pakri Formation (Kunda Stage) in northern Estonia. The type species of the genus Cyrtonotella, C. semicircularis (Eichwald), probably occurs in the upper Darriwilian Aseri Regional Stage in the St Petersburg Region, and is the first appearance of that genus.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance testing : challenges , recent 1 developments and perspectives 2

Drug-resistance testing, or antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), is mandatory for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cases of failure on standard therapy. We reviewed the different methods and techniques of phenotypic and genotypic approaches. Although multiresistant and extensively drugresistant (MDR/XDR) tuberculosis is present worldwide, AST for M. tuberculosis (AST-MTB) is still mainly performed according to the resources available rather than the drug-resistance rates. Phenotypic methods, i.e. culture-based AST, are commonly used in high-income countries to confirm susceptibility of new cases of tuberculosis. They are also used to detect resistance in tuberculosis cases with risk factors, in combination with genotypic tests. In low-income countries, genotypic methods screening hot-spot mutations known to confer resistance were found to be easier to perform because they avoid the culture and biosafety constraint. Given that genotypic tests can rapidly detect the prominent mechanisms of resistance, such as the rpoB mutation for rifampicin resistance, we are facing new challenges with the observation of false-resistance (mutations not conferring resistance) and false-susceptibility (mutations different from the common mechanism) results. Phenotypic and genotypic approaches are therefore complementary for obtaining a high sensitivity and specificity for detecting drug resistances and susceptibilities to accurately predict MDR/XDR cure and to gather relevant data for resistance surveillance. Although AST-MTB was established in the 1960s, there is no consensus reference method for MIC determination against which the numerous AST-MTB techniques can be compared. This information is necessary for assessing in vitro activity and setting breakpoints for future anti-tuberculosis agents. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi. 2016.10. 022 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-128971 Journal Article Accepted Version Originally published at: Schön, T; Miotto, P; Köser, C U; Viveiros, M; Böttger, E; Cambau, E (2017). Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug-resistance testing: challenges, recent developments and perspectives. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 23(3):154-160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi. 2016.10. 022
McMaster University Advanced Optimization Laboratory Title : The Complexity of Self-Regular Proximity Based Infeasible

Primal-Dual Interior-Point Methods (IPMs) have shown their power in solving large classes of optimization problems. In this paper a self-regular proximity based Infeasible Interior Point Method (IIPM) is proposed for linear optimization problems. First we mention some interesting properties of a specific self-regular proximity function, studied recently by Peng and Terlaky, and use it to define infeasible neighborhoods. These simple but interesting properties of the proximity function indicate that, when the current iterate is in a large neighborhood of the central path, large-update IIPMs emerge as the only natural choice. Then, we apply these results to design a specific self-regularity based dynamic large-update IIPM in large neighborhood. The new dynamic IIPM always takes large-updates and does not utilize any inner iteration to get centered. An O(n log n2 ) worst-case iteration bound of the algorithm is established. Finally, we report the main results of our computational experiments.
SPERM WHALE ( Physeter macrocephalus ) : North Atlantic Stock

STOCK DEFINITION AND GEOGRAPHIC RANGE The distribution of the sperm whale in the USA Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) occurs on the continental shelf edge, over the continental slope, and into mid-ocean regions (Figure 1). Waring et al. (1993) suggest that this offshore distribution is more commonly associated with the Gulf Stream edge and other features. However, the sperm whales that occur in the eastern US Atlantic EEZ likely represent only a fraction of the total stock. The nature of linkages of the USA habitat with those to the south, north, and offshore is unknown. Historical whaling records compiled by Schmidly (1981) suggested an offshore distribution off the southeast USA, over the Blake Plateau, and into deep ocean. In the southeast Caribbean, both large and small adults, as well as calves and juveniles of different sizes are reported (Watkins et al. 1985). Whether the northwestern Atlantic population is discrete from northeastern Atlantic is currently unresolved. The International Whaling Commission recognizes one stock for the North Atlantic. Based on reviews of many types of stock studies, (i.e., tagging, genetics, catch data, mark-recapture, biochemical markers, etc.) Reeves and Whitehead (1997) and Dufault et al. (1999) suggest that sperm whale populations have no clear geographic structure. Recent ocean wide genetic studies (Lyrholm and Gyllensten 1998; Lyrholm et al. 1999) indicate low genetic diversity, but strong differentiation between potential social (matrilineally related) groups. Further, the ocean-wide findings, combined with observations from other studies, indicate stable social groups, site fidelity, and latitudinal range limitations in groups of females and juveniles. Whereas, males migrate to polar regions to feed and return to more tropical waters to breed. There exists one tag return of a male tagged off Browns Bank (Nova Scotia) in 1966 and returned from Spain in 1973 (Mitchell 1975). Another male taken off northern Denmark in August 1981 had been wounded the previous summer by whalers off the Azores (Reeves and Whitehead 1997). In the US Atlantic EEZ waters, there appears to be a distinct seasonal cycle (CETAP 1982; Scott and Sadove 1997). In winter, sperm whales are concentrated east and northeast of Cape Hatteras. In spring, the center of distribution shifts northward to east of Delaware and Virginia, and is widespread throughout the central portion of the mid-Atlantic bight and the southern portion of Georges Bank. In summer, the distribution is similar but now also includes the area east and north of Georges Bank …
Locality and Interest Awareness for Wireless Sensor Networks (LIASensor) ∗

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consist in spatially distributed set of autonomous sensors along an area to be monitored. Such WSNs can be used both in military and civilian industry. Whereas in the military ﬁeld, WSNs are used to monitor areas, that otherwise could not be possible to monitor, in civilian industry their usage covers various ﬁelds, such as health, farming, and environmental monitoring. WSNs can monitor vast extensions; however, there are limitations regarding their usage, being that energy consumption is the biggest problem. Power consumption is directly related with communication distance and message’s length. This work presents L ocation and I nterest A wareness for WSNs ( LIASensor ), a WSN architecture for environmental monitoring. LIASensor reduces the network traﬃc through interest and locality awareness techniques thereby increasing the whole network lifetime. LIASensor was implemented and simulated in Castalia Simulator with promising results.
Serological markers and Post COVID-19 Condition (PCC): A rapid review of the evidence

Background: Post COVID-19 Condition (PCC) is highly heterogeneous, often debilitating, and may last for years after infection. The etiology of PCC remains uncertain. Examination of potential serological markers of PCC, accounting for clinical covariates, may yield emergent pathophysiological insights. Methods: In adherence to PRISMA guidelines, we carried out a rapid review of the literature. We searched Medline and Embase for primary observational studies that compared IgG response in individuals who experienced COVID-19 symptoms persisting [≥]12 weeks post-infection with those who did not. We examined relationships between serological markers and PCC status and investigated sources of inter-study variability, such as severity of acute illness, PCC symptoms assessed, and target antigen(s). Results: Of 8,018 unique records, we identified 29 as being eligible for inclusion in synthesis. Definitions of PCC varied. In studies that reported anti-nucleocapsid (N) IgG (n=10 studies; n=989 participants in aggregate), full or partial anti-Spike IgG (i.e., the whole trimer, S1 or S2 subgroups, or receptor binding domain, n=19 studies; n=2606 participants), or neutralizing response (n=7 studies; n=1123 participants), we did not find strong evidence to support any difference in serological markers between groups with and without persisting symptoms. However, most studies did not account for severity or level of care required during acute illness, and other potential confounders. Conclusions: Pooling of studies would enable more robust exploration of clinical and serological predictors among diverse populations. However, substantial inter-study variations hamper comparability. Standardized reporting practices would improve the quality, consistency, and comprehension of study findings.
Response of lymphatic endothelial cells to combined spatial and temporal variations in fluid flow

One‐way valves within lymphatic vessels are required for the efficient drainage of lymphatic fluids. Fluid flow is proposed to be a key cue in regulating both the formation and maintenance of lymphatic valves. However, to our knowledge, no previous study has systematically examined the response of LECs to the complex combination of spatially and temporally varying fluid flows that occur at lymphatic valves in vivo. We built an in vitro microfluidic device that reproduces key aspects of the flow environment found at lymphatic valves. Using this device, we found that a combination of spatially and temporally varying wall shear stresses (WSSs) led to upregulated transcription of PROX1 and FOXC2. In addition, we observed that combined spatial and temporal variations in WSS‐modulated Ca2+ signaling and led to increased cellular levels of NFATc1. These observations suggest that the physical cues generated by the flow environment present within lymphatic valves may act to activate key regulatory pathways that contribute to valve maintenance.
Local closure during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1): Aerosol mass concentration and scattering and backscattering coefficients

The radiative effects of tropospheric aerosol particles are a complex function of the chemical, physical, and optical properties of the aerosol. Closure experiments provide a means for identifying and reducing uncertainties associated with these aerosol properties and hence with the estimation of aerosol radiative forcing. In a closure experiment, an aerosol property is measured by one or more methods and calculated from a model that is based on other independently measured properties. A comparison of the measured and calculated values can reveal inadequacies in either the measurements or the model. A goal of the Aerosol Characterization Experiments (ACE) is to reduce the uncertainty associated with estimating aerosol radiative forcing through both local and column closure experiments. The remote marine aerosol encountered during ACE 1 was well suited for such closure studies because of its relatively simple chemical composition. Local closure experiments were conducted on board the NOAA RV Discoverer focusing on the aerosol mass concentration and scattering and backscattering coefficients. Aerosol mass was determined by gravimetric analysis, ion chromatography, and by converting the number size distribution to a mass distribution. Scattering and backscattering coefficients were measured with an integrating nephelometer and calculated from a Mie scattering model. The different measures of mass agreed for both the submicron and supermicron aerosol indicating that within experimental uncertainty, the aerosol was composed entirely of ionic species and associated water mass. Measured and calculated values of scattering and backscattering coefficients for submicron aerosol agreed within experimental uncertainty. There was an offset, however, between the Mie-calculated true values and the measured values that is not explained by nonidealities of the nephelometer response. Closure was not obtained for scattering or backscattering in the supermicron size range due to inadequacies of the techniques used to measure the size distribution and scattering in this size range. Both the mass and the scattering closure experiments indicate a need for an improved understanding of the response of aerosol growth, mixing state, and scattering to changes in relative humidity.