Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research Methodology

The purpose of this study using the qualitative approach was to discover the gap that exists among the uses of PM, RM, and KM tools and techniques used in various IT projects. The primary objective of the current chapter was to propose an appropriate research methodology practiced for assessing and examining KM, RM, and PM during the undertaking the IT projects as well as to comprehend by what means KM and RM become a part of PM.
Effects of Internet Path Selection on Video-QoE: Analysis and Improvements

This paper presents large-scale Internet measurements to understand and improve the effects of Internet path selection on perceived video quality, or quality of experience (QoE). We systematically study a large number of Internet paths between popular video destinations and clients to create an empirical understanding of location, persistence, and recurrence of failures. These failures are mapped to perceived video quality by reconstructing video clips and conducting surveys. We then investigate ways to recover from QoE degradation by choosing one-hop detour paths that preserve application-specific policies. We seek simple, scalable path selection strategies without the need for background path monitoring. Using five different measurement overlays spread across the globe, we show that a source can recover from over 75% of the degradations by attempting to restore QoE with any k randomly chosen nodes in an overlay, where k is bounded by O(ln(N)). We argue that our results are robust across datasets. Finally, we design and implement a prototype packet forwarding module called source initiated frame restoration (SIFR). We deployed SIFR on PlanetLab nodes and compared the performance of SIFR to the default Internet routing. We show that SIFR outperforms IP-path selection by providing higher on-screen perceptual quality.
Obesity and addiction: neurobiological overlaps

Drug addiction and obesity appear to share several properties. Both can be defined as disorders in which the saliency of a specific type of reward (food or drug) becomes exaggerated relative to, and at the expense of others rewards. Both drugs and food have powerful reinforcing effects, which are in part mediated by abrupt dopamine increases in the brain reward centres. The abrupt dopamine increases, in vulnerable individuals, can override the brain's homeostatic control mechanisms. These parallels have generated interest in understanding the shared vulnerabilities between addiction and obesity. Predictably, they also engendered a heated debate. Specifically, brain imaging studies are beginning to uncover common features between these two conditions and delineate some of the overlapping brain circuits whose dysfunctions may underlie the observed deficits. The combined results suggest that both obese and drug‐addicted individuals suffer from impairments in dopaminergic pathways that regulate neuronal systems associated not only with reward sensitivity and incentive motivation, but also with conditioning, self‐control, stress reactivity and interoceptive awareness. In parallel, studies are also delineating differences between them that centre on the key role that peripheral signals involved with homeostatic control exert on food intake. Here, we focus on the shared neurobiological substrates of obesity and addiction.
On the k-Independence Required by Linear Probing and Minwise Independence

We show that linear probing requires 5-independent hash functions for expected constant-time performance, matching an upper bound of Pagh et al. [2009]. More precisely, we construct a random 4-independent hash function yielding expected logarithmic search time for certain keys. For (1 + ϵ)-approximate minwise independence, we show that Ω(lg &frac;1ϵ)-independent hash functions are required, matching an upper bound of Indyk [2001]. We also show that the very fast 2-independent multiply-shift scheme of Dietzfelbinger [1996] fails badly in both applications.
Interferon-γ inhibits gastric carcinogenesis by inducing epithelial cell autophagy and T cell apoptosis

Interferon-gamma (IFN- γ ) mediates responses but it is also an important tumor suppressor. IFN- γ is upregulated in the gastric mucosa by chronic Helicobacter infection; however, whether it plays a positive or negative role in inflammation-associated gastric carcinogenesis is unexplored. To study this question we generated an H+/K+-ATPase-IFN- γ transgenic mouse that overexpresses murine IFN- γ in the stomach mucosa. In contrast to the expected pro-inflammatory role during infection, we found that IFN- γ overexpression failed to induce gastritis and instead inhibited gastric carcinogenesis induced by IL-1beta (IL-1 β ) and/or Helicobacter infection. Th1 and Th17 immune responses were inhibited by IFN- γ through Fas induction and apoptosis in CD4 T cells. IFN- γ also induced autophagy in gastric epithelial cells through increased expression of Beclin-1. Lastly, in the gastric epithelium, IFN- γ also inhibited IL-1 β - and Helicobacter-induced epithelial apoptosis, proliferation, and Dckl1+ cell expansion. Taken together, our results suggest that IFN- γ coordinately inhibits bacterial infection and carcinogenesis in the gastric mucosa by suppressing putative gastric progenitor cell expansion and reducing epithelial cell apoptosis via induction of an autophagic program. gastritis
Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Comparative Overview

Ayurveda, the traditional Indian medicine (TIM) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) remain the most ancient yet living traditions. There has been increased global interest in traditional medicine. Efforts to monitor and regulate herbal drugs and traditional medicine are underway. China has been successful in promoting its therapies with more research and science-based approach, while Ayurveda still needs more extensive scientific research and evidence base. This review gives an overview of basic principles and commonalities of TIM and TCM and discusses key determinants of success, which these great traditions need to address to compete in global markets.
Undrained Monotonic Response and Instability of Medium-Dense Sandy Soil

A series of undrained monotonic triaxial compression tests were performed on natural, medium-dense (relative density (RD) = 50%) Chlef sand containing 0.5% of non-plastic fines, under different confining pressures of 50 kPa, 100 kPa, and 200 kPa. This article focuses on distinctive states of the monotonic undrained response of sands, namely the critical state, the phase transformation state, the quasi-steady state, and the state of undrained instability (onset of flow liquefaction). Specimens were prepared using dry funnel pluviation and wet deposition to investigate the effect of the initial sand fabric on these states. The present data suggest that the initial fabric of the sand appears to have a significant effect on the undrained behavior in the early stages of shearing, with its influence vanishing at large strains. Wet deposition specimens demonstrate considerably larger undrained instability state strength than their dry funnel pluviation counterparts, and a unique critical state locus is reached by both dry funnel pluviation and wet deposition.
Differential Support of Aspergillus fumigatus Morphogenesis by Yeast and Human Actins

The actin cytoskeleton is highly conserved among eukaryotes and is essential for cellular processes regulating growth and differentiation. In fungi, filamentous actin (F-actin) orchestrates hyphal tip structure and extension via organization of exocytic and endocytic processes at the hyphal tip. Although highly conserved, there are key differences among actins of fungal species as well as between mammalian and fungal actins. For example, the F-actin stabilizing molecules, phalloidin and jasplakinolide, bind to actin structures in yeast and human cells, whereas phalloidin does not bind actin structures of Aspergillus. These discrepancies suggest structural differences between Aspergillus actin filaments and those of human and yeast cells. Additionally, fungal actin kinetics are much faster than those of humans, displaying 5-fold faster nucleation and 40-fold faster nucleotide exchange rates. Limited published studies suggest that these faster actin kinetics are required for normal growth and morphogenesis of yeast cells. In the current work, we show that replacement of Aspergillus actin with yeast actin generates a morphologically normal strain, suggesting that Aspergillus actin kinetics are similar to those of yeast. In contrast to wild type A. fumigatus, F-actin in this strain binds phalloidin, and pharmacological stabilization of these actin structures with jasplakinolide inhibits germination and alters morphogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. We also show that human β-actin cannot support Aspergillus viability, even though the amino acid sequences of human and Aspergillus actins are 89.3% identical. Our findings show that minor differences in actin protein sequence account for loss of phalloidin and jasplakinolide sensitivity in Aspergillus species.
A global view of horizontally oriented crystals in ice clouds from Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO)

We analyze optical signatures in 18 months of CALIOP layer-integrated backscatter and depolarization ratio to investigate the geographical and seasonal distribution of oriented crystals in ice clouds on a global scale. Oriented crystals are found to be rare: they appear in ~6% of all ice cloud layers, and inside these layers the proportion of oriented crystals is estimated below 5%, even though they have a significant effect on the cloud optical properties. The geographical pattern of crystal orientation is very stable over the year, without any noticeable cycle. We investigate the atmospheric conditions which might lead to crystal orientation, including synoptic-scale dynamics and thermodynamic profiles. In the tropics, detections of crystal orientation are more numerous in areas dominated by convection on a monthly basis, and at midlatitudes less numerous in areas dominated by strong horizontal winds. Synoptic effects, however, appear secondary; orientation is primarily driven by temperature. Oriented crystals are mostly nonexistent in ice clouds colder than -30°C, and very frequent in warmer ice clouds, appearing in 30% of such clouds in the tropics and up to 50% at higher latitudes. The temperatures where oriented crystals are found (-30°C to -10°C) are conducive to the formation of planar crystals. Results suggest oriented crystals are more frequent just above cloud base in slightly thicker cloud layers, which might provide clues to how and why orientation takes place. Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union.
Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 2B4 and 2B7 Are Responsible for Naftopidil Glucuronidation in Vitro

Naftopidil (NAF) is widely used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prevention of prostate cancer in elderly men. These patients receive a combination of drugs, which involves high risk for drug–drug interaction. NAF exhibits superior efficacy but must be administered at a much higher dosage than other therapeutic drugs. We previously showed that extensive glucuronidation of NAF enantiomers caused poor bioavailability. However, the metabolic pathway and mechanism of action of NAF enantiomer remain to be elucidated. The present study was performed to identify the human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) responsible for the glucuronidation of NAF enantiomers and to investigate the potential inhibition of UGT activity by NAF. The major metabolic sites examined were liver and kidney, which were compared with intestine. Screening of 12 recombinant UGTs showed that UGT2B7 primarily contributed to the metabolism of both enantiomers. Moreover, enzyme kinetics for R(+)-NAF, UGT2B7 (mean Km, 21 μM; mean Vmax, 1043 pmol/min/mg) showed significantly higher activity than observed for UGT2B4 and UGT1A9. UGT2B4 (mean Km, 55 μM; mean Vmax, 1976 pmol/min/mg) and UGT2B7 (mean Km, 38 μM; mean Vmax, 1331 pmol/min/mg) showed significantly higher catalysis of glucuronidation of S(-)-NAF than UGT1A9. In human liver microsomes, R(+)-NAF and S(-)-NAF also inhibited UGT1A9: mean Ki values for R(+)-NAF and S(-)-NAF were 10.0 μM and 11.5 μM, respectively. These data indicate that UGT2B7 was the principal enzyme mediating glucuronidation of R(+)-NAF and S(-)-NAF. UGT2B4 plays the key role in the stereoselective metabolism of NAF enantiomers. R(+)-NAF and S(-)-NAF may inhibit UGT1A9. Understanding the metabolism of NAF enantiomers, especially their interactions with metabolic enzymes, will help to elucidate potential drug–drug interactions and to optimize the administration of this medicine.
Large Surface Area Electronic Textiles for Ubiquitous Computing: A System Approach

Electronic textile research often centers on the concept of introducing electronics to apparel such as shirts jackets, gloves, and health vests. Another less researched concept incorporates electronics into large textile surfaces such as carpets and upholstery. In this paper we explore methods and challenges of building a large surface area electronic textile floor for cooperative mobile device interaction. We systematically construct both a 100 ft by 50 ft textile simulation and a 3 ft by 8 ft working prototype using readily available materials. We introduce the broadly applicable embedded workload of human gait tracking as a means to defining the requirements for the textile physicals, networked computing node, and distributed execution environment subsystems. Through this effort we begin to establish a working model for combining inexpensive electronic textiles with a scalable execution environment that supports mobile device to floor interactions.
Hybrid SSVEP/P300 BCI Keyboard - Controlled by Visual Evoked Potential

This paper presents a two stage Brain Computer Interface (BCI) keyboard system that consumes Electroencephalography (EEG) signals based on two evoked potential detection methods: P300 and Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential (SSVEP). In order to develop a practical daily use EEG system, signals were captured with a standard low cost Emotiv-EPOC system and processed using OpenViBE platform. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and sample average were used as feature extraction methods while Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were used as classifiers.
Stochastic Models in Geology

The nature of randomness in geological materials and processes is analyzed briefly. Attention is focused on important, little-recognized aspects of the philosophy inherent in certain stochastic models that were used extensively in recent Russian and French research-particularly that of Vistelius, Matheron, and their coworkers. The fundamental importance of such stochastic models for making statements (with specified confidence limits) about process and response phenomena in a wide range of geological spheres is emphasized.
Effect of different dip cycle on optical properties of dip-coated TiO2 thin films

Titanium dioxide, TiO2 thin films was deposited using non-aqueous sol-gel dip coating method by using titanium tetraisopropoxide, TTIP as precursor and Ethyl alcohol as solvent. In this study, the thin film was deposited by different dip cycles; 5, 10, 15 and 20 numbers. Then, the sample with different number of dip coating was characterized for its morphological structure, topological structure and the optical transmittance for optical sensor. The result shows that the 20 dipping cycles was the best for optical sensor because of its well-defined surface and high transmittance which is 52.88%. Meanwhile the surface roughness and thickness were in range of nanocrystalline thin films.
Sodium intake and blood pressure in healthy individuals

Objective To investigate further the relationships between blood pressure and sodium intake, which have been claimed to exist, but have not been clearly established, in epidemiological studies. Design and participants A 2-year follow up study of a cohort of 296 healthy volunteers working in the same company. Results Consistent with previously reported findings, covariance analysis in the entire population, including multivariate analysis to examine the potential influence of confounding variables, failed to identify a significant relationship between blood pressure and sodium intake or between their respective changes within 2 years. To test the hypothesis of a heterogeneous distribution of salt sensitivity, we calculated the statistical dependence between blood pressure and sodium intake using the ZRho coefficient analysis that quantifies the prevalence of a statistical link between two variables. A significant dependence (P < 0.05) between diastolic (DBP) or systolic (SBP) blood pressure and sodium intake was found in 16 and 5% of the participants, respectively. The analysis of the 2-year changes in blood pressure and sodium intake reinforced our findings. Our finding of a relationship between blood pressure and sodium intake in only a few individuals may explain the lack of a global relationship between these two variables investigated by the covariance analysis in our study. Conclusion Our results suggest that 5–16% of healthy individuals have a ‘salt-dependent blood pressure’ and might benefit from a reduction in dietary salt intake.
Effect of Attitude on Image of the Tourist Resort of the Tourist Discretion

This study which sees analyzes the tourist resort image affects in tourist attitude and this leads and there is the goal the fundamental data of tourist resort marketing strategic establishment provides. According to research result demographics quality the tourist resort image there was a difference to recognition, the tourist resort image was analyzed with the fact that affects in tourist attitude. The research which sees the tourist resort image affects with the scholastic questionable matter which analyzes the thing provided fundamental information a together the tourist resort marketing people in charge for new marketing strategic establishment to tourist attitude a practical questionable matter has.
Resolution analysis of finite fault source inversion using one- and three-dimensional Green's functions. 1. Strong motions

We develop a methodology to perform finite fault source inversions from strong motion data using Green's functions (GFs) calculated for a three-dimensional (3-D) velocity structure. The 3-D GFs are calculated numerically by inserting body forces at each of the strong motion sites and then recording the resulting strains along the target fault surface. Using reciprocity, these GFs can be recombined to represent the ground motion at each site for any (heterogeneous) slip distribution on the fault. The reciprocal formulation significantly reduces the required number of 3-D finite difference computations to at most 3NS, where NS is the number of strong motion sites used in the inversion. Using controlled numerical resolution tests, we have examined the relative importance of accurate GFs for finite fault source inversions which rely on near-source ground motions. These experiments use both 1-D and 3-D GFs in inversions for hypothetical rupture models in order (1) to analyze the ability of the 3-D methodology to resolve trade-offs between complex source phenomena and 3-D path effects, (2) to address the sensitivity of the inversion results to uncertainties in the 3-D velocity structure, and (3) to test the adequacy of the 1-D GF method when propagation effects are known to be three-dimensional. We find that given “data” from a prescribed 3-D Earth structure, the use of well-calibrated 3-D GFs in the inversion provides very good resolution of the assumed slip distribution, thus adequately separating source and 3-D propagation effects. In contrast, using a set of inexact 3-D GFs or a set of hybrid 1-D GFs allows only partial recovery of the slip distribution. These findings suggest that in regions of complex geology the use of well-calibrated 3-D GFs has the potential for increased resolution of the rupture process relative to 1-D GFs. However, realizing this full potential requires that the 3-D velocity model and associated GFs should be carefully validated against the true 3-D Earth structure before performing the inverse problem with actual data.
Calcite precipitation by marine bacteria

Calcite precipitation occurs when trimethylamino‐N‐oxide and medium are added to surface waters collected above Lodestone and Keeper Reefs of the Great Barrier Reef. The calcium content of the water was initially 430 ppm. After 30 days incubation at 28 °C, the pH had risen and only 90 ppm of calcium remained in solution. The precipitate was analyzed by X‐ray diffraction and was found to be calcite. During anaerobic incubation of the pure cultures of calcite precipitating bacteria in seawater containing TMAO and medium the pH rose rapidly, the Eh fell quickly, but the precipitation of calcite followed more slowly. Calcite precipitation also occurred aerobically. The binding of 45Ca by bacteria was demonstrated. 14C‐carbonate resulting from bacterial action on 14C‐aspartate was found to be present in the precipitated calcite.
Introducing biomarker panel in esophageal, gastric, and colon cancers; a proteomic approach

Cancer research is an attractive field in molecular biology and medicine. By applying large-scale tools such as advanced genomics and proteomics, cancer diagnosis and treatment have been improved greatly. Cancers of esophagus, gastric, and colon accounted for major health problem globally. Biomarker panel could bring out the accuracy for cancer evaluation tests as it can suggest a group of candidate molecules specified to particular malignancy in a way that distinguishing malignant tumors from benign, differentiating from other diseases, and identifying each stages with high specificity and sensitivity. In this review, a systematic search of unique protein markers reported by several proteomic literatures are classified in their specific cancer type group as novel panels for feasible accurate malignancy diagnosis and treatment. About thousands of introduced proteins were studied; however, a small number of them belonged to a specific kind of malignancy. In conclusion, despite the fact that combinatorial biomarkers appear to be hopeful, more evaluation of them is crucial to achieve the suitable biomarker panel for clinical application. This effort needs more investigations and researches for finding a specific and sensitive panel.
Another look at normal approximations in cryptanalysis

Abstract Statistical analysis of attacks on symmetric ciphers often requires assuming the normal behaviour of a test statistic. Typically such an assumption is made in an asymptotic sense. In this work, we consider concrete versions of some important normal approximations that have been made in the literature. To do this, we use the Berry–Esséen theorem to derive explicit bounds on the approximation errors. A basic mathematical requirement is that such approximation errors should be within reasonable bounds, a point which appears to have been overlooked in many of the earlier works on statistical aspects of cryptanalysis. Interpreting the error bounds in the cryptanalytic context yields several surprising results. One important implication is that this puts in doubt the applicability of the order statistics based approach for analysing key recovery attacks on block ciphers. This approach has been earlier used to obtain several results on the data complexities of (multiple) linear and differential cryptanalysis. The non-applicability of the order statistics based approach puts a question mark on the data complexities obtained using this approach. Fortunately, we are able to recover all of these results by utilising the hypothesis testing framework. This, however, necessitates using normal approximations for the χ 2 ${\chi ^2}$ and the LLR test statistics considered in earlier works. These approximations themselves have issues which seem to be difficult to resolve satisfactorily. More generally, the message of our work is that all cryptanalytic attacks should properly derive and interpret the error bounds for any (normal) approximation that is made.