Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Unemployment Effects of Fiscal Policy in Netherlands

This paper focuses on the effects of fiscal policy in Netherlands analyzed in a VAR context. Fiscal shocks are found to involve significant impacts on GDP, unemployment rate, consumption and investment. In this regard, Keynesian effects are observed. In addition, the results suggest that unemployment rises in response to a fiscal contraction whereas it falls following a fiscal expansion. When government spending increases output increases; when total net taxes increase output falls. A social security tax innovation also leads to a rise in unemployment rate. Moreover, the results indicate that the social security taxes is a more effective tool compared to total net taxes for policy-makers in Netherlands in terms of GDP and its private components.
An eye for a tooth, a tooth for an eye ? Exploring the generality of market player reputation

In two studies, we explored whether the influence of an opponent's reputation on cooperative behavior in a social dilemma depended on the similarity between that behavior and the behavior that led to the reputation. In the first study, we conducted two experiments (a lab and a natural variant). We found that an opponent's reputation affected cooperative behavior in a subsequent prisoner's dilemma game, irrespective of whether the reputation relied on intellectual or monetary contributions. In the same vein, Study 2 showed that consumers were willing to pay less for the same product, not only if quality was lower, but also if employees were treated unfairly. We interpret the findings in terms of player's inference of opponent's general (un)cooperative intentions rather than his or her specific characteristics. We derive some managerial implications.
The Role of Foundational Relations in the Alignment of Biomedical Ontologies

The Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA) symbolically represents the structural organization of the human body from the macromolecular to the macroscopic levels, with the goal of providing a robust and consistent scheme for classifying anatomical entities on the basis of explicit definitions. This scheme also provides a template for modeling pathology, physiological function and genotype-phenotype correlations, and it can thus serve as a reference ontology in biomedical informatics. Here we articulate the need for formally clarifying the is-a and part-of relations in the FMA and similar ontology and terminology systems. We diagnose certain characteristic errors in the treatment of these relations and show how these errors can be avoided through adoption of the formalism we describe. We then illustrate how a consistently applied formal treatment of taxonomy and partonomy can support the alignment of ontologies.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐9 promotes neutrophil and T cell recruitment and migration in the postischemic liver

Matrix metalloproteinases‐2 and ‐9 (MMP‐2/9) are critically involved in degradation of extracellular matrix, and their inhibition is discussed as a promising strategy against hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury. Here, we analyzed the role of MMP‐2 and ‐9 for leukocyte migration and tissue injury in sham‐operated mice and in mice after I/R, treated with a MMP‐2/9 inhibitor or vehicle. Using zymography, we show that the MMP‐2/9 inhibitor abolished I/R‐induced MMP‐9 activation, whereas MMP‐2 activity was not detectable in all groups. As demonstrated by intravital microscopy, MMP‐9 inhibition attenuated postischemic rolling and adherence of total leukocytes in hepatic postsinusoidal venules, CD4+ T cell accumulation in sinusoids, and neutrophil transmigration. These effects were associated with reduction of plasma tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) levels and endothelial expression of CD62P. Motility of interstitially migrating leukocytes was assessed by near‐infrared reflected light oblique transillumination microscopy in the postischemic cremaster muscle. Upon MMP‐9 blockade, leukocyte migration velocity and curve‐line and straight‐line migration distances were reduced significantly as compared with the vehicle‐treated I/R group. Postischemic sinusoidal perfusion failure, hepatocellular apoptosis, and alanine aminotransferase activity were only slightly reduced after MMP‐9 inhibition, whereas aspartate aminotransferase activity and mortality were significantly lower. In conclusion, MMP‐9 is involved in the early recruitment cascades of neutrophils and CD4+ T cells, promotes neutrophil and T cell transmigration during hepatic I/R, and is required for motility of interstitially migrating leukocytes. MMP‐9 blockade is associated with an attenuation of TNF‐α release and endothelial CD62P expression, weakly protects from early microvascular/hepatocellular I/R damage, but improves postischemic survival.
Eczema workshops reduce severity of childhood atopic eczema

An intervention study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a nurse‐led eczema workshop in reducing the severity of atopic eczema in infants, children and adolescents. Ninety‐nine new patients referred to the Dermatology Department of The Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, for the management of atopic eczema were randomized to receive care from an eczema workshop or a dermatologist‐led clinic. Patients were followed‐up 4 weeks after the intervention. The primary outcome was the severity of eczema as determined by scores obtained using the Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index at a 4‐week follow‐up visit. The secondary outcome was a comparison of treatments used in both clinics. At the 4‐week review the mean improvement in SCORAD was significantly greater in those patients attending the eczema workshop than those attending the dermatologist‐led clinic (−9.93, 95% confidence interval −14.57 to −5.29, P < 0.001). Significantly more patients from the eczema workshop improved from moderate severity eczema at baseline to mild at review. There was greater adherence to eczema management in the eczema workshop compared with the dermatologist‐led clinic. In this study, patients attending the eczema workshop had a greater improvement in eczema severity thanpatients attending a dermatologist‐led clinic, supporting collaborative models of service provision.
Symptom Monitoring and Self-care Practices Among Oncology Adults in China

Background: Cancer is a major health problem in Asia. Objective: This study's purpose was to examine patient-reported symptoms and self-care strategies of Chinese adults during cancer treatments. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study in cancer centers in Hong Kong and Xi'an, China, was conducted. A total of 222 patients were included: those undergoing combined radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) (n = 73), CT alone (n = 63), or RT alone (n = 82). Institutional review board approvals were obtained and participants provided signed consent to participate. Instruments used were the following: (a) 25-item Therapy-Related Symptom Checklist (TRSC) Chinese version, (b) Symptom Alleviation: Self-care Methods tool, (c) Karnofsky Scale and Health Form, and (d) a demographic form. Results: The TRSC-Chinese version has good reliability and validity. Chinese patients on combined RT and CT reported more symptoms with greater severity on the TRSC than did those receiving either RT or CT alone (F = 3.08, P < .05). Similar to Midwestern US findings, patients on all treatment types reported severe symptoms on TRSC subscales eating, oropharynx, nausea, fatigue, and pain. Complementary/self-care categories used were diet/nutrition/lifestyle change (most used, found helpful), mind/body control, and biologic treatments: other. Conclusion: The TRSC, a standardized patient-report symptom checklist, facilitates symptom monitoring and management. Implications for Practice: Patient-reported symptom occurrence and severity scale enable health providers to prioritize, evaluate interventions, and promote/assist patients' self-care.
Application of Middleware and Agent Technologies to a Representative Sensor Network

Sensor networks are distributed real-time embedded (DRE) systems that often operate in open environments where opera ting conditions, workload, resource availability, and connectivity cannot be accurately characterized a priori. As with other open DRE systems, they must perform sequences of heterogeneous data collection, manipulation, and coordination tasks to meet specified system objectives. The South East Alaska MOnitoring Network for Science, Telecommunications, Education, a nd Research (SEAMONSTER) project illustrates many common system management and dynamic operation challenges in a representative sensor network, including adapting to chan ges in network topology, effective reaction to local environmental changes, and power management through system sleep/wake cycles. This paper discusses a case study for applying middl eware and autonomous agent technologies from the Multi-agent Arc hitecture for Coordinated Responsive Observations (MACRO) t o these challenges in the SEAMONSTER sensor network.
Human leukocyte antigen alleles, genotypes and haplotypes frequencies in renal transplant donors and recipients from West Central India

BACKGROUND: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is comprised of a highly polymorphic set of genes which determines the histocompatibility of organ transplantation. The present study was undertaken to identify HLA class I and class II allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies in renal transplant recipients and donors from West Central India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HLA typing was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Sequence Specific Primer in 552 live related and unrelated renal transplant recipients and donors. RESULTS: The most frequent HLA class I and class II alleles and their frequencies in recipients were HLA-AFNx0101 (0.1685) and AFNx0102 (0.1649), HLA-BFNx0135 (0.1322), and HLA-DR beta 1 (DRB 1)FNx0115 (0.2192), whereas in donors, these were HLA-AFNx0102 (0.1848) and AFNx0101 (0.1667), HLA-BFNx0135 (0.1359), and HLA-DRB1FNx0115 (0.2409). The two-locus haplotype statistical analysis revealed HLA-AFNx0102-B61 as the most common haplotype with the frequency of 0.0487 and 0.0510 in recipients and donors, respectively. Further, among the three locus haplotypes HLA-AFNx0133-BFNx0144-DRB1FNx0107 and HLA-AFNx0102-BFNx0161-DRB1FNx0115 were the most common haplotypes with frequencies 0.0362 and 0.0326, respectively in recipients and 0.0236 and 0.0323, respectively in donors. Genotype frequency revealed a high prevalence of genotype HLA-AFNx0102/AFNx0124 in recipients (0.058) compared to donors (0.0109) whereas low prevalence of HLA-AFNx0101/AFNx0102 in recipients (0.0435) than in donors (0.0797). The phylogenetic and principal component analysis of HLA allele and haplotype frequency distribution revealed genetic similarities of various ethnic groups. Further, case control analysis provides preliminary evidence of association of HLA-A genotype (P < 0.05) with renal failure. CONCLUSION: This study will be helpful in suitable donor search besides providing valuable information for population genetics and HLA disease association analysis.
The Walkable Neighborhood: A Literature Review

The past decade has seen a surge of interest in the walkable neighborhood, motivated by environmental,health, economic, and communitarian goals. We take stock of this literature by linking together thevarious strands of research in which the “walkable neighborhood” is a primary concern. We organize theliterature into three broad categories: measurement, criticism, and tests of the benefits of walkableneighborhoods. The latter category involves three primary claims. We find that claims about socialimpacts are the weakest in terms of research support, in part, because there continues to be a problem ofself-selection and an inability to assign causality.
Automatic Performance Debugging of SPMD Parallel Programs

Automatic performance debugging of parallel applications usually involves two steps: automatic detection of performance bottlenecks and uncovering their root causes for performance optimization. Previous work fails to resolve this challenging issue in several ways: first, several previous efforts automate analysis processes, but present the results in a confined way that only identifies performance problems with apriori knowledge; second, several tools take exploratory or confirmatory data analysis to automatically discover relevant performance data relationships. However, these efforts do not focus on locating performance bottlenecks or uncovering their root causes. In this paper, we design and implement an innovative system, AutoAnalyzer, to automatically debug the performance problems of single program multi-data (SPMD) parallel programs. Our system is unique in terms of two dimensions: first, without any apriori knowledge, we automatically locate bottlenecks and uncover their root causes for performance optimization; second, our method is lightweight in terms of size of collected and analyzed performance data. Our contribution is three-fold. First, we propose a set of simple performance metrics to represent behavior of different processes of parallel programs, and present two effective clustering and searching algorithms to locate bottlenecks. Second, we propose to use the rough set algorithm to automatically uncover the root causes of bottlenecks. Third, we design and implement the AutoAnalyzer system, and use two production applications to verify the effectiveness and correctness of our methods. According to the analysis results of AutoAnalyzer, we optimize two parallel programs with performance improvements by minimally 20% and maximally 170%.
Research on the range of hue and saturation affecting visual comfort of stereo images

Visual discomfort has been the subject of considerable research in relation to stereoscopic displays, but remains an ambiguous concept used to denote a variety of subjective symptoms potentially related to different underlying processes. In this paper, we firstly studied the hue and saturation influence quantitatively on stereoscopic images combining the characters of human visual system (HVS). According to the results of subjective assessment, the comfortable matching and difference maps of hue and saturation were defined and the universal applicability of the maps was verified. The accurate rate of whether one stereoscopic image was comfortable according to the maps was more than 92%. The experiment method can provide a base for the subjective and objective assessment of binocular image pairs.
Allostatic Load in Women With and Without PTSD Symptoms

Allostatic load (AL) is the term used to describe cumulative physiological wear and tear that results from repeated efforts to adapt to stressors over time. Operationalized as a composite index of biological risk factors (e.g., blood pressure, cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, and cortisol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine), AL has been shown to increase with age, predict long–term morbidity and mortality among the elderly, and be associated with low parent education in a large adolescent sample. However, AL has not yet been studied in samples with putative “high stress” or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Accordingly, AL was measured in women with high acute and chronic stress: mothers of pediatric cancer survivors with and without PTSD and control mothers of healthy children. AL emerged in a “dose–dependent” ranking from high to low: cancer mothers meeting all criteria for PTSD, cancer mothers with no or low symptoms, and control mothers, respectively (p < .001). Effects were not altered by self–reported sleep quality or substance use (tobacco, caffeine, alcohol, or drugs) and remained significant when analyzing AL without cortisol or catecholamines. Results indicate elevated AL can be detected in relatively young women with high stress histories and particularly those with PTSD. Future prospective studies must evaluate whether this pattern represents an accelerated aging process and increased risk of disease.
Thermal and Ionization Aspects of Flows from Hot Stars: Observations and Theory

We discuss the EUV and X-ray properties of B stars, focusing on CMa (B2 II) which is the only star with both emission lines and a photospheric continuum detected with EUVE. We explore the modest e ects of the photospheric EUV continua on the wind, as well as the much stronger e ects of the short-wavelength EUV and soft X-ray emission lines. Attenuation of the EUV and soft X-ray emission by the wind plays an important role, and leads to the reprocessing of X-rays via He ionization and the Bowen mechanism in the wind. Finally, we explore some of the new diagnostics that will shortly become available with the next generation of high spectral resolution X-ray telescopes. All of this analysis is presented in the context of a two component stellar wind{ a dense component (clumps) that contains most of the mass but lls a negligible fraction of the volume, and a rare ed component that lls most of the volume but accounts for only a small fraction of the mass.
Life course socioeconomic status and DNA methylation in genes related to stress reactivity and inflammation: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis

Epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, have been hypothesized to provide a link between the social environment and disease development. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between life course measures of socioeconomic status (SES) and DNA methylation (DNAm) in 18 genes related to stress reactivity and inflammation using a multi-level modeling approach that treats DNAm measurements as repeat measures within an individual. DNAm and gene expression were assessed in purified monocytes for a random subsample of 1,264 non-Hispanic white, African-American, and Hispanic participants aged 55–94 from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). After correction for multiple testing, we found that low childhood SES was associated with DNAm in 3 stress-related genes (AVP, FKBP5, OXTR) and 2 inflammation-related genes (CCL1, CD1D), low adult SES was associated with DNAm in one stress-related gene (AVP) and 5 inflammation-related genes (CD1D, F8, KLRG1, NLRP12, TLR3), and social mobility was associated with DNAm in 3 stress-related genes (AVP, FKBP5, OXTR) and 7 inflammation-related genes (CCL1, CD1D, F8, KLRG1, NLRP12, PYDC1, TLR3). In general, low SES was associated with increased DNAm. Expression data was available for 7 genes that showed a significant relationship between SES and DNAm. In 5 of these 7 genes (CD1D, F8, FKBP5, KLRG1, NLRP12), DNAm was associated with gene expression for at least one transcript, providing evidence of the potential functional consequences of alterations in DNAm related to SES. The results of this study reflect the biological complexity of epigenetic data and underscore the need for multi-disciplinary approaches to study how DNAm may contribute to the social patterning of disease.
Anthropometric Precision and Accuracy of Digital Three-Dimensional Photogrammetry: Comparing the Genex and 3dMD Imaging Systems with One Another and with Direct Anthropometry

A variety of commercially available three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging systems are currently in use by craniofacial specialists. Little is known, however, about how measurement data generated from alternative 3D systems compare, specifically in terms of accuracy and precision. The purpose of this study was to compare anthropometric measurements obtained by way of two different digital 3D photogrammetry systems (Genex and 3dMD) as well as direct anthropometry and to evaluate intraobserver precision across these three methods. On a sample of 18 mannequin heads, 12 linear distances were measured twice by each method. A two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance was used to test simultaneously for mean differences in precision across methods. Additional descriptive statistics (e.g., technical error of measurement [TEM]) were used to quantify measurement error magnitude. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) mean differences were observed across methods for nine anthropometric variables; however, the magnitude of these differences was consistently at the submillimeter level. No significant differences were noted for precision. Moreover, the magnitude of imprecision was determined to be very small, with TEM scores well under 1 mm, and intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.98 to 1. Results indicate that overall mean differences across these three methods were small enough to be of little practical importance. In terms of intraobserver precision, all methods fared equally well. This study is the first attempt to simultaneously compare 3D surface imaging systems directly with one another and with traditional anthropometry. Results suggest that craniofacial surface data obtained by way of alternative 3D photogrammetric systems can be combined or compared statistically.
eview earing voices in the resting brain : A review of intrinsic functional onnectivity research on auditory verbal hallucinations

Resting state networks (RSNs) are thought to reflect the intrinsic functional connectivity of brain regions. Alterations to RSNs have been proposed to underpin various kinds of psychopathology, including the occurrence of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). This review outlines the main hypotheses linking AVH and the resting state, and assesses the evidence for alterations to intrinsic connectivity provided by studies of resting fMRI in AVH. The influence of hallucinations during data acquisition, medication confounds, and movement are also considered. Despite a large variety of analytic methods and designs
Clinical classification of subgroups according to the Rome III criteria cannot be used to distinguish the associated respective pathophysiology in Japanese patients with functional dyspepsia.

OBJECTIVE Patients who meet the Rome III criteria for functional dyspepsia (FD) are generally classified into the following two subgroups, those with postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) and those with epigastric pain syndrome (EPS), in order to treat the dyspeptic symptoms caused by the respective pathophysiological conditions. However, whether simple classification of FD can accurately distinguish the pathophysiological differences between PDS and EPS remains to be clarified because the pathophysiology of FD is characterized and complicated by various factors. METHODS After classifying FD patients who were not receiving medication at the initial visit, we assessed and compared the following pathophysiological factors between the PDS and EPS groups: (1) the gastric reservoir and emptying functions using a radioisotope method (n=75), (2) the autonomic nervous system (ANS) function using electrocardiography (n=45), (3) gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia using histological examinations (n=47), (4) endoscopic findings of the stomach, such as superficial changes, abnormal gastroesophageal flap valves (n=67) and (5) Helicobacter pylori infection (n=48). RESULTS The FD patients exhibited higher rates of an impaired reservoir function (49.3%), gastric emptying disorders (54.7%) and relative hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system (31.9%) than the control subjects. However, endoscopic and histological changes of the stomach were similar in both the FD patients and control subjects. In addition, no differences were observed in the above-mentioned factors between the PDS and EPS groups. CONCLUSION The simple classification of FD patients into two subgroups according to the Rome III criteria following diagnosis does not indicate any differences in the pathophysiology related to the respective dyspeptic symptoms of FD patients.