Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MNS Parameters from Neutrino Oscillations, Single Beta Decay and Double Beta Decay

We examine the constraints on the Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata lepton mixing matrix from the present and future experimental data of neutrino oscillation, tritium beta decay, and neutrinoless double beta decay for the Majorana neutrinos. We show that the small mixing angle solutions for solar neutrino problem are disfavored for small averaged mass ({l_angle}m{sub {nu}}{r_angle}) of neutrinoless double beta decay ({le}0.01 eV) in the inverse neutrino mass hierarchy scenario. This is the case even in the normal mass hierarchy scenario except for a very restrictive value of the averaged neutrino mass ({ovr m{sub {nu}}}) of single beta decay. The lower mass bound for {ovr m{sub {nu}}} is given from the present neutrino oscillation data. We obtain some relations between {l_angle}m{sub {nu}}{r_angle} and {ovr m{sub {nu}}}. The constraints on the Majorana CP violating phases are also given.
Best Practices for Reporting Atom Probe Analysis of Geological Materials

Recent work has established atom probe tomography (APT) as a unique tool within the geosciences for interrogat­ ing material chemistry at the nanoscale. In APT, a needle‐ shaped specimen with an end‐form radius on the order of 50–100 nm is held at high voltage, and constituent atoms are field evaporated through application of a timed voltage pulse (for conductive materials) or laser pulse (for semicon­ ductors and insulators). The voltage bias and small radius of curvature produce a large electric field that is localized around, and diverging from, the end surface of the needle‐ shaped specimen; evaporated ions are accelerated by the local electric field, leading to divergent trajectories for ions originating from different positions on the specimen surface. A position‐sensitive detector records both the hit position of Best Practices for Reporting Atom Probe Analysis of Geological Materials
Neutrophil migration into the placenta: Good, bad or deadly?

ABSTRACT Almost 2 decades have passed since the discovery that pregnancy is associated with a basal inflammatory state involving neutrophil activation, and that this is more overt in cases with preeclampsia, than in instances with sepsis. This pivotal observation paved the way for our report, made almost a decade ago, describing the first involvement of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in a non-infectious human pathology, namely preeclampsia, where an abundance of these structures were detected directly in the placental intervillous space. Despite these remarkable findings, there remains a paucity of interest among reproductive biologists in further exploring the role or involvement of neutrophils in pregnancy and related pathologies. In this review we attempt to redress this deficit by highlighting novel recent findings including the discovery of a novel neutrophil subset in the decidua, the interaction of placental protein 13 (PP13) and neutrophils in modulating spiral artery modification, as well as the use of animal model systems to elucidate neutrophil function in implantation, gestation and parturition. These model systems have been particularly useful in identifying key components implicated in recurrent fetal loss, preeclampsia or new signaling molecules such as sphingolipids. Finally, the recent discovery that anti-phospolipid antibodies can trigger NETosis, supports our hypothesis that these structures may contribute to placental dysfunction in pertinent cases with recurrent fetal loss.
Segmentation of Handwritten Kanji Numerals Integrating Peripheral Information by Bayesian Rule

We have developed a new segmentation method for Kanji numerals. Segmentation of Kanji numerals written vertically is dZcult because part of one Kanji numeral pattern can be read as another Kanji numeral character. In our method, Kanji numerals are segmented correctly by using peripheral in for ma tion and the similarity given by the character classifier. However, the usefulness of this information and the similarity differs depending on the character categories. Thus we represented the degree of usefulness by a likelihood ratio that is selected according to the character categories. The likelihood ratios are integrated ideally by using the Bayesian rule. When implementing this method, we achieved character segmentation accuracy of 77%, and address recognition accuracy of 63%. In both cases our obtained accuracy was much higher than with a con ven tional segmentation method.
Parsing with Earley Virtual Machines

—Earley parser is a well-known parsing method used to analyse context-free grammars. While being less efﬁcient in practical contexts than other generalized context-free parsing algorithms, such as GLR, it is also more general. As such it can be used as a foundation to build more complex parsing algorithms. We present a new, virtual machine based approach to parsing, heavily based on the original Earley parser. We present several variations of the Earley Virtual Machine, each with increasing feature set. The ﬁnal version of the Earley Virtual Machine is capable of parsing context-free grammars with data-dependant constraints and support grammars with regular right hand sides and regular lookahead. We show how to translate grammars into virtual machine instruction sequences that are then used by the parsing algorithm. Additionally, we present two methods for constructing shared packed parse forests based on the parse input.
Low‐Dose Propofol Infusion for Sedation during Local Anesthesia

&NA; The safety and efficacy of lose‐dose propofol for sedation were investigated on 90 consenting patients who had undergone surgical procedures with local anesthesia. After being premedicated with intravenous midazolam 0.05 mg•kg‐1, all patients were randomly divided into two groups and received intravenously either a loading dose of propofol 0.8 mg•kg‐1 followed by a continuous infusion of propofol 30 &mgr;g•kg‐1 min‐1 (propofol group) or an equivalent volume of saline (placebo group) during operation. Study groups were compared with respect to the level of sedation, hemodynamic variables, oxygen saturation, and the incidence of intraoperative side effects. In addition, the discharge time and the satisfaction of both patients and surgeons with this sedative technique were assessed. Propofol reduced patients' discomfort and lowered their arterial pressure and heart rate during the infiltration of local anesthetics. It also promoted an adequate level of sedation without clinically significant oxygen desaturation in the intraoperative period. Surgeons and patients in the propofol group showed a higher level of satisfaction than those in the placebo group. There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to the incidence of adverse effects and the discharge time. In conclusion, it was found that the use of low‐dose propofol infusion was a safe and effective sedative technique for local anesthesia. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 109: 956, 2002.)
A Prior for Global Convexity in Local Shape-from-Shading

To solve the ill-posed problem of shape-from-shading, the visual system often relies on prior assumptions such as illumination from above or viewpoint from above. Here we demonstrate that a third prior assumption is used—namely that the surface is globally convex. We use complex surface shapes that are realistically rendered with computer graphics, and we find that performance in a local-shape-discrimination task is significantly higher when the shapes are globally convex than when they are globally concave. The results are surprising because the qualitative global shapes of the surfaces are perceptually unambiguous. The results generalise findings such as the hollow-potato illusion (Hill and Bruce 1994 Perception 23 1335–1337) which consider global shape perception only.
Utilización de microalgas de la división Chlorophyta en el tratamiento biológico de drenajes ácidos de minas de carbón

The environmental impact caused by coal mining wastewater is significant due to the pollution load, usually represented in high concentrations of suspended solids, metals (mainly iron) and other trace elements and low pH values. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a biological treatment system using microalgae belonging to the Chlorophyta division, for the removal of contaminants from the wastewater from a mine owned by Coal North Energy S.A. S. At the end of treatment, it was possible to remove up to 66.67% of total iron, 46.67% for chloride and 95.1% for Chemical Oxigen Demand.
Might gluten traces in wheat substitutes pose a risk in patients with celiac disease? A population-based probabilistic approach to risk estimation.

BACKGROUND In patients with treated celiac disease (CD), the ingestion of gluten traces contained in gluten-free (GF) wheat substitutes (eg, GF bread, flour, and pasta) could cause persisting intestinal mucosal damage. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the proportion of CD patients at risk of mucosal damage due to the consumption of GF products in 4 European countries (Italy, Spain, Germany, and Norway). DESIGN A probabilistic modeling approach was used to assess the risk of gluten intake at the population level. The input variables were 1) consumption of GF products, 2) concentration of gluten traces in GF products determined by the sandwich R5 ELISA method, and 3) the gluten threshold for mucosal damage of 10 to 50 mg/d. Different population and product availability scenarios were examined for risk assessment. RESULTS The gluten content of 205 commercially available GF products ranged between <5 and 27.8 mg/kg. Overall, 99.5% of the analyzed samples had a gluten concentration <20 mg/kg. Most (94%) had a gluten concentration below the limit of quantification (5 mg/kg). The mean percentage of the CD European population at risk of mucosal damage resulting from consumption of GF products ranged between 0.01 (Germany) and 0.15 (Italy) and remained very low, even in the worst-case scenario (<1%). CONCLUSIONS The adoption of a single gluten threshold (20 mg/kg) for gluten contamination is suggested. GF products in Europe constitute a very safe option for patients with CD. The dietary follow-up of CD patients should focus on other potential sources of gluten contamination.
Characterization of Coronary Fibrin Thrombus in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Dye-Staining Angioscopy

Objective—Because fibrin is transparent and almost invisible by any conventional imaging methodologies, clinical examinations of coronary fibrin thrombus have been ignored, and little is known about its role in the genesis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The present study was performed to visualize coronary fibrin thrombus and to examine its role in ACS. Methods and Results—Dye-staining coronary angioscopy using Evans blue dye, which selectively stains fibrin blue but does not stain blood corpuscles, was performed for observation of globular coronary thrombi in 111 ACS patients. The thrombi were aspirated for histological examination. The thrombi were classified by visual appearance into 8 transparent, 3 light-red, 2 frosty glass–like and membranous, 32 white, 8 brown, 34 red, and 19 red-and-white in a mosaic pattern. Transparent thrombi that were not visible by conventional angioscopy were visualized as a blue structure by dye-staining angioscopy, and they were observed in patients with unstable angina (UA) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The thrombi caused total or subtotal coronary occlusion. The aspirated thrombi were composed of fibrin alone by histology. Fibrin-rich thrombi were visualized using dye-staining angioscopy in 60% of 50 patients with UA+NSTEMI and in 29% of 61 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. By histology of the aspirated thrombi, fibrin-rich thrombi were observed in 71% of 33 patients with UA+NSTEMI and in 28% of 35 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Conclusion—Fibrin-rich coronary thrombi were frequently observed by both dye-staining angioscopy and histology in ACS patients. Rarely, fibrin itself formed a globular thrombus and caused coronary occlusion.
Postoperative epidural opioid analgesia: what are the choices?

8 mg compared with droperido12.5 mg (5). Pueyo et al. (6) studied 100 women undergoing elective abdominal surgery. Group 1 received placebo, Group 2 received droperido12.5 mg with induction then 1.25 mg at 12 h postsurgery, Group 3 received ondansetron 4 mg with induction, and Group 4 was the combination of Groups 2 and 3. Sedation was significantly greater in Groups 2 and 4, but the combination was significantly more effective than each antiemetic alone (6). Wrench et al. (7) added the droperidol/ ondansetron combination to morphine patient-controlled analgesia machines and found significantly less nausea with the combination compared with either drug alone. Another patient-controlled analgesia study compared droperidol with ondansetron and concluded ondansetron to be superior (8). In our opinion, the addition to our knowledge is the verification of the superior efficacy of the ondansetron/droperidol combination. Secondarily, we have determined that a dose of droperidoll.25 mg may be given prophylactically without precipitating frequent distressing complications.
Market mechanisms for cooperative operation of price-maker energy storage in a power network

We explore the integration of large-scale, grid-level energy storage into wholesale electricity markets. Since the operation of large-scale energy storage may influence wholesale electricity prices, it is important to design proper market integration mechanisms so as to mitigate the price manipulation resulting from strategic storage operation. We conduct a comparative analysis on three natural market mechanisms that have appeared in the literature: i) the centralized mechanism according to which all batteries are centrally operated to minimize the social cost, ii) the semi-centralized mechanism under which the batteries are centrally operated subject to the constraints specified by a single storage owner (on the maximum amount of withdrawn and charged energy in each period), and iii) the deregulated mechanism according to which the storage owner can freely operate batteries so as to maximize her profit. Under some mild assumptions, we establish the equivalence between the semi-centralized and the deregulated mechanisms: the two mechanisms result in the same storage operation and the same dispatch of generation. We conduct numerical experiments on a modified IEEE 14-bus test system to validate the established comparative results.
Metabolic and structural evidence for the existence of a third species of polyphosphoinositide in cells: D-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol 3-phosphate.

When human 1321 N1 astrocytoma cells were labelled to steady state with [3H]inositol and briefly with [32P]orthophosphate, a compound which contained both radiotracers and which co-migrated with phosphatidylinositol-myo-inositol 4-phosphate during t.l.c. could be extracted in acidic chloroform/methanol. Treatment with methylamine under conditions which lead to deacylation of conventional glycerophospholipids yielded a water-soluble moiety which was labelled with both radioisotopes and was eluted from an anion-exchange h.p.l.c. column with a retention time similar to, but distinct from, that of glycerophosphoinositol 4-phosphate. Experiments using sodium periodate and selective phosphatase enzymes to degrade this compound systematically generated a series of products which suggested the structure of the parent phospholipid was phosphatidyl-myo-inositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P). PtdIns3P is metabolically closely related to the pool(s) of inositol phospholipid(s) that serves as substrate(s) for an agonist-sensitive phosphoinositidase C, as the levels of PtdIns3P fell significantly when 1321 N1 cells were stimulated with carbachol. The relative rate of turnover of the inositol moiety of PtdIns3P is similar to that of both of the major polyphosphoinositides and significantly higher than that of total cellular phosphatidyl-myo-inositol. This suggests that all three polyphosphoinositides are synthesized from a common, rapidly metabolized, pool of phosphatidyl-myo-inositol.
A Methodology for Simulated Experiments in Interactive Search

Interactive information retrieval has received much attention in recent years, e.g. [7]. Furthermore, increased activity in developing interactive features in search systems used across existing popular Web search engines suggests that interactive systems are being recognised as a promising next step in assisting information search. One of the most challenging problems with interactive systems however remains evaluation. We describe the general specifications of a methodology for conducting controlled and reproducible experiments in the context of interactive search. It was developed in the AutoAdapt project1 focusing on search in intranets, but the methodology is more generic than that and can be applied to interactive Web search as well. The goal of this methodology is to evaluate the ability of different algorithms to produce domain models that provide accurate suggestions for query modifications. The AutoAdapt project investigates the application of automatically constructed adaptive domain models for providing suggestions for query modifications to the users of an intranet search engine. This goes beyond static models such as the one employed to guide users who search the Web site of the University of Essex which is based on a domain model that has been built in advance using the documents’ markup structure.
Rank discriminants for predicting phenotypes from RNA expression

Statistical methods for analyzing large-scale biomolecular data are commonplace in computational biology. A notable example is phenotype prediction from gene expression data, for instance, detecting human cancers, differentiating subtypes and predicting clinical outcomes. Still, clinical applications remain scarce. One reason is that the complexity of the decision rules that emerge from standard statistical learning impedes biological understanding, in particular, any mechanistic interpretation. Here we explore decision rules for binary classification utilizing only the ordering of expression among several genes; the basic building blocks are then two-gene expression comparisons. The simplest example, just one comparison, is the TSP classifier, which has appeared in a variety of cancer-related discovery studies. Decision rules based on multiple comparisons can better accommodate class heterogeneity, and thereby increase accuracy, and might provide a link with biological mechanism. We consider a general framework ("rank-in-context") for designing discriminant functions, including a data-driven selection of the number and identity of the genes in the support ("context"). We then specialize to two examples: voting among several pairs and comparing the median expression in two groups of genes. Comprehensive experiments assess accuracy relative to other, more complex, methods, and reinforce earlier observations that simple classifiers are competitive.
Results of a Tagging Program to Determine Migration Rates and Patterns for Black Marlin, Makaira Indica, in the Southwest Pacific Ocean

Marine game fish anglers reported tagging a total of 2,576 black marlin, Makaira indica, from I%B through 1978 near the Great Barrier Reef, north Queensland, Australia, 81, part of the Nalional Marine Fisheries %Nice Cooperative Marine Game Fbh Tagging Program-Pacific Area. Sixty tagged black marlin were recaptured during an 11-year period for a recapture rate of 2.3%. Average weight o f black marlin tagged WBS estimated lo be 175 kg (385 Ih). Anglers tend to overeslimate weight at time of lagging and short-lerm recaptures (0-60 days) indicale an average angler overestimate of 16 kg (35 Ih) per marlin. Sex was determined for 28 recaptures; 25 (89%) were reported as males and 3 (11%) reported as females. Average weigh1 of males at recaplure was 91 kg (1% Ib), for females, 221 kg (488 Ib). Vector analysis of time, distance, and direction data for lag recovery locations indicated migration direclion (vector mean bearing) and dislance (vector mean dktance from point of tagging) by periods o f release time: 0 6 0 days, 12Io/72 nmi, 61-120 days, 134'/446 nmi. 121-240 days, 097*/1,256 nmi. The greatest distance (2,100 nmi) rsorded from the point o f tagging was for a black marlin recaptured northeast of New ZPaland, 235 days after tagging. Black marlin lagged early in the north Queenrland fishing season (September) (ended lo migrale away from the area of tagging at a lower rate fur the first 0.60 day period than black marlin tagged in October. Yovember, or later in the fishing season. Tag recoveries were made near the tagging location 1. 2. and 4 years after taaing. Locations of recapture for lhese black marlin were calculaled to be a vector mean distance of 58.3 nmi from the point of lagging. Longline high catch rate areas fur black marlin indicate a monthly movement fur the first 240 days of release time not unlike that ohserved by tagging. In the summer lhe centers of high catch rate %how a south to southeasl movement off the east coast of Australia from the tagging area, then a northward mo\ement in the winter and spring lo the New GuineaBismark Archipelago-Solomon Islands area. The amount of interchange with the Indo-Pacific and areas to the north is unclear, although emigration from the tagging area to north of Yew Guinea was recorded.
Metformin Inhibits the Growth of Human Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts

Objective Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a devastating disease, with an overall 5-year survival rate of only 3% to 5%. As the current therapies offer very limited survival benefits, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently required to treat this disease. Here, we determined whether metformin administration inhibits the growth of PANC-1 and MiaPaCa-2 tumor xenografts in vivo. Methods Different xenograft models, including orthotopic implantation, were used to determine whether intraperitoneal or oral administration of metformin inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer in vivo. Results We demonstrate that metformin given once daily intraperitoneally at various doses (50-250 mg/kg) to nude mice inhibited the growth of PANC-1 xenografts in a dose-dependent manner. A significant effect of metformin was obtained at 50 mg/kg and maximal effect at 200 mg/kg. Metformin administration also caused a significant reduction in the phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 protein and ERK in these xenografts. Metformin also inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer xenografts when administered orally (2.5 mg/mL) either before or after tumor implantation. Importantly, oral administration of metformin also inhibited the growth of MiaPaCa-2 tumors xenografted orthotopically. Conclusions The studies presented here provide further evidence indicating that metformin offers a potential novel approach for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma prevention and therapy.