Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
D Multimedia at Work the Life Cycle of Multimedia Metadata

uring its lifetime, multimedia content undergoes different stages or cycles from production to consumption. Content is created, processed or modified in a postproduction stage, delivered to users, and finally, consumed. Meta-data, or descriptive data about the multimedia content, pass through similar stages but with different time lines. 1 Metadata may be produced, modified, and consumed by all actors involved in the content production-consumption chain (see the " Life-Cycle Spaces " sidebar for more information). At each step of the chain, different kinds of metadata may be produced by highly different methods and of substantially different semantic value. Different metadata let us tie the different mul-timedia processes in a life cycle together. However, to employ these metadata, they must be appropriately generated. The CODAC Project, led by Harald Kosch, implements different multimedia processes and ties them together in the life cycle. CODAC uses distributed systems to implement multimedia processes. Figure 1 gives the architectural overview of this system. The project's core component is a Multimedia Database Management System (MMDBMS), 2 which stores content and MPEG-7-based meta-data. 3 It communicates with a streaming server for data delivery. The database is realized in the Multimedia Data Cartridge (MDC)—which is an extension of the Oracle Database Management System—to handle multimedia content and MPEG-7 metadata. Use case scenario To demonstrate metadata's life cycle, let's consider a use case scenario. A user watches an interesting music video on a colleague's screen and wants to retrieve the same music video. The only information she retained was that the singer in the music video was Avril Lavigne, and she remembers the song's melody. She can't ask her colleague directly, so she wants to access it from a multimedia database. The query service of our Multimedia Data Cartridge (MDC) offers a solution for finding such a music video. First, the user can enter a query by thematic means, thus specifying that the music video's singer is Avril Lavigne. (See Figure 2a, p. 80, for the query interface.) In response to the first query, the service returns several music videos that pertain to the singer. To narrow the search, the user can hum the melody to the query with a humming service, as Figure 2b shows. The multimedia database retrieves information on the music video that meets the query request and delivers it to the user. Such information includes the full title, full information on the singer, the production date, …
Key agreement in state-dependent channels with non-causal side information

Key agreement problem over a discrete memoryless state-dependent wiretap channel (DM-SWC) is addressed in this paper. Three parties have access to the wiretap channel: One transmitter, an authorized receiver, and an illegal receiver. The transmitter fully knows channel state information (CSI) in a non-causal form, while each receiver has access to a sequence of side information (SI) correlated with the CSI. Further to the DM-SWC, the parties can also exploit a unilateral public channel with a given capacity from the transmitter to the receivers. We have obtained a lower bound (LB) on the key capacity. The LB achieves the key capacity when the capacity of the public channel exceeds a fixed finite value determined by the DM-SWC. For any DM-SWC, the key capacity is consequently achievable as the public channel capacity becomes unlimited. An upper bound (UB) on the key capacity is obtained when the legal receiver is less noisy than the wiretapper.
A Study on Hybrid of Genetic Algorithm and Evolution Strategy for Antenna Design

This paper proposes a hybrid algorithm based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Evolution Strategy (ES). The GA is not successful in searching an optimal solution in the view point of convergence speed and solution quality. The ES has the risk of being trapped in a local minimum. The hybrid algorithm is composed of GA and ES in order to make up for these defects of GA and ES. The procedure of searching an optimal solution in hybrid algorithm is as follows. Firstly, the vicinity of optimal solution is reached by using the GA. And then the ES is used to find an accurate optimal solution. In terms of the convergence rate, the proposed hybrid algorithm is compared with the GA using the optimal design of 2.45 GHz CPW-fed circularly polarized antenna. The results of the antenna optimized using GA and hybrid algorithm satisfy the objective value. The convergence rate graph shows that convergence rate of GA decreases and ES rapidly searches optimal solution in the vicinity of optimal solution after 380 iterations.
Electron Cloud at the KEKB Low-Energy Ring: Simulations of Central Cloud Density, Bunch Filling Patterns, Magnetic Fields, and Lost Electrons

We report various electron-cloud simulations for the Low Energy Ring (LER) of KEKB. These address the evolution of the electron-cloud density at the center of the vacuum chamber, the effect of z-dependent quadrupole, dipole and solenoid fields, the response of the electron cloud to several bunch trains and filling patterns, the spatial electron distribution, and the characteristics of electrons lost to the wall. Comparing simulations and measurements, the present vertical blow up appears to be more consistent with simulations for field-free regions than with those for a quadrupole field. Thus, we recommend that further C yoke magnets be installed to cover as much of the ring circumference as possible, including the straight sections. In addition, we show that a C yoke magnet configuration with adjacent magnets of alternating polarity is about two times more effective than one of equal polarity. More efficient still would be a solenoid field, which promises a suppression by an additional factor of 3‐6. Our simulations also indicate that more than 50% of the electrons in the vacuum chamber are created by secondary emission and not by the primary photoemission. Thus, also measures aimed at reducing secondary emission could suppress the vertical beam-size blow up.
Discovery of a large‐scale clumpy structure around the Lynx supercluster at z∼ 1.27

We report the discovery of a probable large-scale structure composed of many galaxy clumps around the known twin clusters at z = 1.26 and 1.27 in the Lynx region. Our analysis is based on deep, panoramic, and multicolour imaging, 26.4 x 24.1 arcmin 2 in VRi'z' bands with the Suprime-Cam on the 8.2-m Subaru telescope. This unique, deep and wide-field imaging data set allows us for the first time to map out the galaxy distribution in the highest-redshift supercluster known. We apply a photometric redshift technique to extract plausible cluster members at z ∼ 1.27 down to i' = 26.15 (5a) corresponding to ∼ M* + 2.5 at this redshift. From the two-dimensional distribution of these photometrically selected galaxies, we newly identify seven candidates of galaxy groups or clusters where the surface density of red galaxies is significantly high (>5σ), in addition to the two known clusters. These candidates show clear red colour-magnitude sequences consistent with a passive evolution model, which suggests the existence of additional high-density regions around the Lynx superclusters.
Geo‐parsing Messages from Microtext

Widespread use of social media during crises has become commonplace, as shown by the volume of messages during the Haiti earthquake of 2010 and Japan tsunami of 2011. Location mentions are particularly important in disaster messages as they can show emergency responders where problems have occurred. This article explores the sorts of locations that occur in disaster‐related social messages, how well off‐the‐shelf software identifies those locations, and what is needed to improve automated location identification, called geo‐parsing. To do this, we have sampled Twitter messages from the February 2011 earthquake in Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand. We annotated locations in messages manually to make a gold standard by which to measure locations identified by a Named Entity Recognition software. The Stanford NER software found some locations that were proper nouns, but did not identify locations that were not capitalized, local streets and buildings, or non‐standard place abbreviations and mis‐spellings that are plentiful in microtext. We review how these problems might be solved in software research, and model a readable crisis map that shows crisis location clusters via enlarged place labels.
Perceptual Grounding

It might be asked why we have more senses than one. [Had it been otherwise],… everything would have merged for us into an indistinguishable identity. Most of the enormous variability in the world around us is unimportant. Variations in our sensory perceptions are not only tolerated, they generally pass unnoticed. Of course, some distinctions are of paramount importance and learning which are meaningful as opposed to which can be safely ignored is a fundamental problem of cognitive development. This process is a component of perceptual grounding, where a perceiver learns to make sense of its sensory inputs. The perspective taken here is that this is a clustering problem, in that each sense must learn to organize its perceptions into meaningful categories. That animals do this so readily belies its complexity. For example, people learn phonetic structures for languages simply by listening to them; the phonemes are somehow extracted and clustered from auditory inputs even though the listener does not know in advance how many unique phonemes are present in the signal. Contrast this with a standard mathematical approach to clustering, where some knowledge of the clusters, e.g., how many there are or their distributions, must be known a priori in order to derive them. Without knowing these parameters in advance, algorithmic clustering techniques may not be robust (Fraley and Raftery 2002, Kleinberg 2002, Still and Bialek 2004). Assuming that in many circumstances animals cannot know the parameters underlying their perceptual inputs, how then do they learn to organize their sensory perceptions reliably? This chapter presents an approach to clustering based on observed correlations between different sensory modalities. These cross-modal correlations exist because perceptions are created through physical processes governed by natural laws (Thompson 1917, Richards 1980, Mumford 2004). An event in the world is simultaneously perceived through multiple sensory pathways in a single observer; while each pathway may have a
High-Resistivity SOI CMOS Cellular Antenna Switches

Results for cellular antenna switches using high- resistivity silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS technology are presented. The performance of SOI RF switch FETs is presented and compared to a production GaAs pHEMT technology. Data from prototype high-resistivity SOI RF switch designs is presented and compared to pHEMT based designs.
The Relationship between Father Involvement and Paternal Emotion Socialization

The Relationship between Father Involvement and Paternal Emotion Socialization Kayla Forshee The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between father involvement and emotion socialization. Fathers amount of time and quality of paternal involvement (e.g., engagement in childcare activities, secondary activities, and time spent in children’s company) with their preschool aged children was assessed to determine if it influenced how fathers respond to the children’s emotion (e.g., disappointment, anger, and anxiety). Heterosexual fathers (M = 39.46 yrs.) of children ages 3-5 years old were recruited from preschools and daycares in the larger metropolitan, D.C. area. Paternal self-report measures were used to measure father’s involvement and their socialization strategies. Results showed that fathers that spend most of their time engaging recreational and leisure activities with their preschool aged child are more likely than fathers that engage primarily in childcare activities to respond to children’s displays of anger with reasoning strategies. Thus, indicating that there may be a link between the quality of time fathers spend with their preschool age children and how they respond to their negative emotions. This study provides implications for future studies examining the relations between father involvement and emotion socialization. FATHER INVOLVEMENT AND EMOTION SOCIALIZATION iii Table of
Track Displays in DAW Software: Beyond Waveform Views

For decades, digital audio workstation software has displayed the content of audio tracks through bare waveforms. We argue that the same real estate on the computer screen can be used for far more expressive and goal-oriented visualizations. Starting from a range of requirements and use cases, this paper discusses existing techniques from such fields as music visualization and music notation. It presents a number of novel techniques, aimed at better fulfilling the needs of the human operator. To this end, the paper draws upon methods from signal processing as well as computer graphics.
Prefrontal Cortex Dopamine Transmission Regulates Emotional Memory Processing and Morphine Reward Salience: Implications for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Addiction Comorbidity

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and addiction are strongly comorbid. However, the underlying neural mechanisms by which traumatic memory recall may increase addiction liability are poorly understood. The inability to suppress memory recall related to either stressful or rewarding, drug-related experiences may be an underlying neuropsychological feature capable of triggering both PTSD or addiction-related behaviours. Our previous research has shown that transmission through dopamine (DA) D4 and D1 receptor subtypes (D4R, D1R) within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) strongly modulates emotional memory acquisition and recall (Lauzon et al., 2009). Using olfactory fear conditioning and morphine conditioned place preference (CPP) procedures in rats, combined with molecular protein expression analyses, we examined if 1) associative fear memory recall would increase subjects’ sensitivity and vulnerability to morphine reward salience; 2) if blocking fear memory recall with intra-PFC D1R stimulation may block the potentiation of morphine reward salience; 3) if PFC D4R stimulation would potentiate morphine reward salience by modulating the emotional salience of fear memories during memory acquisition. Furthermore, we concomitantly examined the underlying PFC molecular signaling pathways associated with these behavioural effects. We report that rats receiving supra-threshold (0.8 mA) fear conditioning showed strong associative fear memories and heightened morphine reward sensitivity (with either systemic or intra-ventral tegmental area [VTA] administered morphine). Inhibition of fear memory recall with intra-PFC D1R activation reduced the potentiated morphine CPP through cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and extracellularsignal-related kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) dependent molecular pathways. In addition, PFC D1R stimulation selectively increased phosphorylation levels of ERK 1/2. In contrast, PFC D4R activation bi-directionally controlled fear memory acquisition and morphine CPP behaviours through a calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase II (CaMKII)-dependent mechanism wherein D4R activation selectively stimulated phosphorylation of PFC CaMKII. Our findings reveal for the first time a novel DA-receptor dependent mechanism in the mammalian PFC capable of controlling both fear-related associative memory formation and the salience of morphine-related reward memories.
Timing of activities of daily life is jaggy: How episodic ultradian changes in body and brain temperature are integrated into this process

ABSTRACT Charles Darwin noted that natural selection applies even to the hourly organization of daily life. Indeed, in many species, the day is segmented into active periods when the animal searches for food, and inactive periods when the animal digests and rests. This episodic temporal patterning is conventionally referred to as ultradian (<24 hours) rhythmicity. The average time between ultradian events is approximately 1–2 hours, but the interval is highly variable. The ultradian pattern is stochastic, jaggy rather than smooth, so that although the next event is likely to occur within 1–2 hours, it is not possible to predict the precise timing. When models of circadian timing are applied to the ultradian temporal pattern, the underlying assumption of true periodicity (stationarity) has distorted the analyses, so that the ultradian pattern is frequently averaged away and ignored. Each active ultradian episode commences with an increase in hippocampal theta rhythm, indicating the switch of attention to the external environment. During each active episode, behavioral and physiological processes, including changes in body and brain temperature, occur in an integrated temporal order, confirming organization by programs endogenous to the central nervous system. We describe methods for analyzing episodic ultradian events, including the use of wavelet mathematics to determine their timing and amplitude, and the use of fractal-based procedures to determine their complexity.
Randomized Dose-Ranging Controlled Trial of AQ-13, a Candidate Antimalarial, and Chloroquine in Healthy Volunteers

Objectives: To determine: (1) the pharmacokinetics and safety of an investigational aminoquinoline active against multidrug–resistant malaria parasites (AQ-13), including its effects on the QT interval, and (2) whether it has pharmacokinetic and safety profiles similar to chloroquine (CQ) in humans. Design: Phase I double-blind, randomized controlled trials to compare AQ-13 and CQ in healthy volunteers. Randomizations were performed at each step after completion of the previous dose. Setting: Tulane–Louisiana State University–Charity Hospital General Clinical Research Center in New Orleans. Participants: 126 healthy adults 21–45 years of age. Interventions: 10, 100, 300, 600, and 1,500 mg oral doses of CQ base in comparison with equivalent doses of AQ-13. Outcome Measures: Clinical and laboratory adverse events (AEs), pharmacokinetic parameters, and QT prolongation. Results: No hematologic, hepatic, renal, or other organ toxicity was observed with AQ-13 or CQ at any dose tested. Headache, lightheadedness/dizziness, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract–related symptoms were the most common AEs. Although symptoms were more frequent with AQ-13, the numbers of volunteers who experienced symptoms with AQ-13 and CQ were similar (for AQ-13 and CQ, respectively: headache, 17/63 and 10/63, p = 0.2; lightheadedness/dizziness, 11/63 and 8/63, p = 0.6; GI symptoms, 14/63 and 13/63; p = 0.9). Both AQ-13 and CQ exhibited linear pharmacokinetics. However, AQ-13 was cleared more rapidly than CQ (respectively, median oral clearance 14.0–14.7 l/h versus 9.5–11.3 l/h; p ≤ 0.03). QTc prolongation was greater with CQ than AQ-13 (CQ: mean increase of 28 ms; 95% confidence interval [CI], 18 to 38 ms, versus AQ-13: mean increase of 10 ms; 95% CI, 2 to 17 ms; p = 0.01). There were no arrhythmias or other cardiac AEs with either AQ-13 or CQ. Conclusions: These studies revealed minimal differences in toxicity between AQ-13 and CQ, and similar linear pharmacokinetics.
Purple as a Tomato: towards High Anthocyanin Tomatoes Update

Anthocyanins are naturally occurring pigments ubiquitously present in plants and, as such, part of the human diet. Owing to their biological activity, anthocyanins have beneficial health effects but, unfortunately, are not present in some important crop plants, such as tomatoes. Recently, a 'purple' tomato, highly enriched with anthocyanins, was produced by the ectopic expression of two selected transcription factors from the ornamental flower snapdragon. In addition to being enriched with anthocyanin, these fruits also prolonged the life of cancer-susceptible mice, suggesting that they have additional health-promoting effects. Anthocyanins and the nutritional value of food The colour of flowers and fruits is caused by the presence of different kinds of pigment belonging to the phenylpropa-noid and terpenoid classes, whose three major groups are chlorophylls, carotenoids and anthocyanins. In some crops, domestication has possibly resulted in selection for agro-nomic traits that prevail over colour characteristics, whereas in others, an increase or refinement in the pigments naturally present in the edible tissues has occurred. This is likely to apply to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), the fruit of which is rich in several carotenoid pigments, such as lycopene and phytoene [1], but contains only small quantities of some flavonoids; in addition, and somewhat surprisingly, the fruits do not usually produce anthocya-nins [2], unlike the fruit of other Solanaceae, such as eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) or pepper (Capsicum spp). Vegetables, fruits and plant-derived food, such as bread, are fundamental components of the human diet, and the relative content of compounds that are beneficial to human health is an important subject. Among these, considerable importance is given to the presence of some secondary plant metabolites, such as anthocyanins and other flavo-noids, which, owing to their health-promoting effects [3–5], add nutritional value to the plant-derived foods that contain them. As a result, in recent years, an increasing number of different approaches have been adopted to stimulate the synthesis of flavonoids in plants [6,7]. Although most of these studies were carried out in a few model species [6], some crops, such as potato and rice, containing suboptimal amounts of these compounds, have also been genetically modified to increase their flavonoid content [8,9]. Some such studies focused also on tomatoes, as these are among the most important vegetables worldwide. Recently, the expression in tomato of two selected transcription factors (TFs) involved in anthocyanin production in snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) led to high levels of these flavonoids throughout the fruit …
Attitudes towards acceptance of an innovative home-based and remote sensing rehabilitation protocol among cardiovascular patients in Shantou, China

Background Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) protocols have diversified to include home-based cardiac tele-rehabilitation (HBCTR) as an alternative to hospital-based or center-based CR. To adopt the use of home-based cardiac tele-rehabilitation, it is necessary to assess cardiac patients' attitudes towards acceptance of such e-health technology, especially in China where knowledge of such technology is deficient. Methods Interviews were conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China. After percutaneous coronary interventional (PCI) surgery, patients completed the survey. Results Among the 150 patients, only 13% had ever heard of HBCTR. After an introduction of our HBCTR program, 60% of patients were willing to participate in the program. From our multivariate analysis of questionnaire data, age (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98; P = 0.007), average family monthly income (OR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.05–0.34; P < 0.001), education level (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10–0.59; P = 0.002) and physical exercise time (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.06–0.56; P = 0.003) were independent predictors for acceptance of HBCTR. From the reasons for participation, patients selected: enhanced safety and independence (28.3%), ability to self-monitor physical conditions daily (25.4%), and having automatic and emergency alert (23.1%). Reasons for refusal were: too cumbersome operation (34.3%) and unnecessary protocol (19.4%). Conclusions Most patients lacked knowledge about HBCTR but volunteered to participate after they have learned about the program. Several personal and life-style factors influenced their acceptance of the program. These indicate that both improvement of technology and better understanding of the program will enhance active participation.