Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vesicoureteral Reflux Causes Interstitial Inflammation in Pediatric Kidney Allograft: A Clinicopathological Analysis of 1-Year Protocol Biopsies

Introduction: At present, there is limited evidence of the histological impact of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) on pediatric kidney allografts. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between VUR diagnosed by voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and 1-year protocol biopsy results. Methods: One hundred thirty-eight pediatric kidney transplantations were performed in Toho University Omori Medical Center between 2009 and 2019. We included 87 pediatric transplant recipients who were evaluated for VUR by VCUG prior to or at the time of the 1-year protocol biopsy and underwent a 1-year protocol biopsy after transplantation. We evaluated the clinicopathological findings of the VUR and non-VUR groups, and histological scores were evaluated using the Banff score. Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) within the interstitium was identified by light microscopy. Results: Of the 87 transplant recipients, 18 cases (20.7%) were diagnosed with VUR by VCUG. The clinical background and findings were not significantly different between the VUR and non-VUR groups. The pathological findings revealed a significantly higher Banff total interstitial inflammation (ti) score in the VUR group than in the non-VUR group. Multivariate analysis indicated a significant relationship between the Banff ti score and THP within the interstitium, and VUR. The 3-year protocol biopsy results (n = 68) revealed a significantly higher Banff interstitial fibrosis (ci) score in the VUR group than in the non-VUR group. Conclusion: VUR caused interstitial fibrosis in the 1-year pediatric protocol biopsies, and interstitial inflammation at the 1-year protocol biopsy may affect interstitial fibrosis at the 3-year protocol biopsy.
The integration of head and body cues during the perception of social interactions

Humans spend a large proportion of time participating in social interactions. The ability to accurately detect and respond to human interactions is vital for social functioning, from early childhood through to older adulthood. This detection ability arguably relies on integrating sensory information from the interactants. Within the visual modality, directional information from a person’s eyes, head, and body are integrated to inform where another person is looking and who they are interacting with. To date, social cue integration research has focused largely on the perception of isolated individuals. Across two experiments, we investigated whether observers integrate body information with head information when determining whether two people are interacting, and manipulated frame of reference (one of the interactants facing observer vs. facing away from observer) and the eye-region visibility of the interactant. Results demonstrate that individuals integrate information from the body with head information when perceiving dyadic interactions, and that integration is influenced by the frame of reference and visibility of the eye-region. Interestingly, self-reported autistics traits were associated with a stronger influence of body information on interaction perception, but only when the eye-region was visible. This study investigated the recognition of dyadic interactions using whole-body stimuli while manipulating eye visibility and frame of reference, and provides crucial insights into social cue integration, as well as how autistic traits affect cue integration, during perception of social interactions.
The policy implemented by the government and the protection effect of PM2.5 decreasing on blood pressure in adolescents: From a quasi-experimental study

Background High particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) exposure levels posed a great risk to human health, but the protection effects of environmental protection on cardiovascular disease have not been systematically evaluated. This study aims to illustrate the effect of the decreased concentration of PM2.5 on blood pressure level in adolescents after enacting the protection measures of environment from a cohort study. Methods A quasi-experimental study including 2415 children from the Chongqing Children’s Health Cohort, aged 7.32 ± 0.60 years with normal blood pressure at baseline, with 53.94% males, were analysed. Both the generalised linear regression model (GLM) and Poisson regression model were used to calculate the impact of the declining exposure level of PM2.5 on blood pressure and the incidence of prehypertension and hypertension. Results The annual mean PM2.5 concentration in 2014 and in 2019 were 65.01 ± 6.46 µgmes per cubic metre (μg / m3), 42.08 ± 2.04 μg / m3 respectively, and the decreased PM2.5 concentration between 2014 and 2019 was 22.92 ± 4.51 μg / m3. The effect of decreased PM2.5 concentration by 1μg / m3 on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the difference of blood pressure (BP) indexes between 2014 and 2019 were all significant (P < 0.001). The absolute differences of SBP (-3.598 mmHg; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -4.47,-2.72 mm Hg), DBP (-2.052 mmHg; 95% CI = -2.80,-1.31 mm Hg) and MAP (-2.568 mmHg; 95% CI = -3.27,-1.87 mm Hg) in the group with a decreased level of ≥25.56 μg / m3 were more significant than those in a decreased concentration of PM2.5 for <25.56 μg / m3 (P < 0.001). And the incidence of prehypertension and hypertension for three occasions blood pressure diagnose was 2.21% (95% CI = 1.37%-3.05%, P = 0.001) in children with PM2.5 decreased level ≤25.56 μg / m3 (50%), which was significant higher than its’ counterparts 0.89% (95% CI = 0.37%-1.42%, P = 0.001). Conclusions Our study found the etiological relationship between the declining PM2.5 concentration and the BP values and the incidence of prehypertension and hypertension in children and adolescents, suggesting continuous environmental protection measures in China have achieved remarkable health benefits.
Myths and methodologies: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing for surgical risk stratification in patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm; balancing risk over benefit

The extent to which patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) should exercise remains unclear, given theoretical concerns over the perceived risk of blood pressure‐induced rupture, which is often catastrophic. This is especially pertinent during cardiopulmonary exercise testing, when patients are required to perform incremental exercise to symptom‐limited exhaustion for the determination of cardiorespiratory fitness. This multimodal metric is being used increasingly as a complementary diagnostic tool to inform risk stratification and subsequent management of patients undergoing AAA surgery. In this review, we bring together a multidisciplinary group of physiologists, exercise scientists, anaesthetists, radiologists and surgeons to challenge the enduring ‘myth’ that AAA patients should be fearful of and avoid rigorous exercise. On the contrary, by appraising fundamental vascular mechanobiological forces associated with exercise, in conjunction with ‘methodological’ recommendations for risk mitigation specific to this patient population, we highlight that the benefits conferred by cardiopulmonary exercise testing and exercise training across the continuum of intensity far outweigh the short‐term risks posed by potential AAA rupture.
Nonlinear propagation of ultrashort pulses in optical fibers: total field formulation in the frequency domain

The common practice is to derive in the time domain the equations for the nonlinear propagation of ultrashort pulses and to solve them by the split-step Fourier method. When fields at different frequencies propagate and interact in a fiber, it is also usual to write a distinct equation for each of these fields. This implicitly assumes that the spectra of these various fields do not overlap, which may no longer be the case for femtosecond pulses. It then becomes necessary to consider the propagation of the total field as a whole. Moreover, for such broad field spectra the dispersion of higher orders must be taken into account, which can be dealt with in the frequency domain without any difficulty. It is shown that writing the equations for the total field presents many advantages, and an alternative to the split-step Fourier method is proposed, based on an integration rule of higher order.
Self-calibration technique based on Kruppa equations obtaining initial solution by translational motion

The key problem in self-calibration based on Kruppa equations is lack of robustness.In this paper,a two-step camera self-calibration technique is proposed.Firstly,the Kruppa equations are simplified and the target function is defined.Secondly,an initial solution is obtained by three linear independent translational motion of the camera.Then the initial solution is refined by optimizing the nonlinear target function.Extensive simulations as well as experiments with real images show the new technique can substantially improve the robustness aspect and increase the calibration accuracy.
Molecular functions of RNA helicases during ribosomal subunit assembly

Abstract During their biogenesis, the ribosomal subunits undergo numerous structural and compositional changes to achieve their final architecture. RNA helicases are a key driving force of such remodelling events but deciphering their particular functions has long been challenging due to lack of knowledge of their molecular functions and RNA substrates. Advances in the biochemical characterisation of RNA helicase activities together with new insights into RNA helicase binding sites on pre-ribosomes and structural snapshots of pre-ribosomal complexes containing RNA helicases now open the door to a deeper understanding of precisely how different RNA helicases contribute to ribosomal subunit maturation.
The Role of Perceived Neighborhood Cohesion in the Association between Depressive Symptoms and Cigarette Smoking

Abstract Background Greater depression has been linked to increased smoking rates. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. It is possible that high perceived neighborhood cohesion may serve as one such mechanism given its associations with decreased depression and smoking. Having increased levels of depression likely impacts one’s perceptions of neighborhood cohesion, which could lead to further increases in depression and a need to manage these symptoms via cigarette smoking. As a first test of this theory, the current study examined the effect of neighborhood cohesion on the association between depressive symptoms and smoking frequency and quantity among past 30-day cigarette smokers. Methods Participants were 201 combustible cigarette smokers (Mage = 48.33, SD = 11.64; 63.2% female; 68.2% White) who completed self-report measures as part of a larger study of environmental influences on cardiac health. Results Greater depressive symptoms were associated with lower levels of perceived neighborhood cohesion, and there was a significant indirect effect of greater depressive symptoms on heavier smoking through decreased neighborhood cohesion (b = .07, SE = .04, 95% CI [.003, .15]). There was no significant indirect effect for daily smoking. Conclusion These results suggest that neighborhood cohesion is an important contextual factor that serves as one explanatory mechanism for the well-established relationship between depression and smoking quantity. Thus, there may be utility in implementing interventions focused on increasing neighborhood cohesion as a way to decrease smoking behavior.
Psychological flexibility and global health in young adults with and without a self-reported functional somatic syndrome: a preliminary investigation

ABSTRACT Functional somatic syndromes (FSS) are associated with functional impairments and distress. FSSs are common among young adults, and psychological flexibility may be a transdiagnostic process appropriate for treatment of FSS in this population. The objective of the current study was to compare physical and mental health in young adults with and without a self-reported FSS and examine which psychological flexibility processes are associated with better physical and mental health in the FSS subset. A total of 447 young adults participated in the current study. Individuals who reported an FSS diagnosis were coded as having a self-reported FSS. Physical and mental health and psychological flexibility were measured via self-report. FSS and non-FSS groups were compared regarding demographic characteristics and on the primary outcomes. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the role of the psychological flexibility processes in physical and mental health in the FSS subset. Findings revealed that the FSS group scored significantly lower on measures of physical health and demonstrated less behavioral awareness than the non-FSS group. No differences regarding mental health were found. All three psychological flexibility processes were associated with physical and mental health, accounting for 26–49% of the variance in these outcomes. In conclusion, young adults with FSS experience more physical health difficulties than those without FSS. Psychological flexibility processes were related to better physical and mental health in those with FSS. These findings add to the literature and provide preliminary support for psychological flexibility as a future target for intervention development and implementation aimed at young adults with FSS.
The TLR7/IRF-5 axis sensitizes memory CD4+ T cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis during HIV-1 infection

HIV-1 infection is characterized by inflammation and a progressive decline in CD4+ T cell count. Despite treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART), the majority of people living with HIV (PLWH) maintain residual levels of inflammation, a low degree of immune activation, and higher sensitivity to cell death in their memory CD4+ T cell compartment. To date, the mechanisms responsible for this high sensitivity remain elusive. We have identified the transcription factor IRF-5 to be involved in impairing the maintenance of murine CD4+ T cells during chronic infection. Here, we investigate whether IRF-5 also contributes to memory CD4+ T cell loss during HIV-1 infection. We show that TLR7 and IRF-5 were upregulated in memory CD4+ T cells from PLWH, when compared with naturally protected elite controllers and HIVfree participants. TLR7 was upstream of IRF-5, promoting Caspase 8 expression in CD4+ T cells from ART HIV-1+ but not from HIVfree donors. Interestingly, the TLR7/IRF-5 axis acted synergistically with the Fas/FasL pathway, suggesting that TLR7 and IRF-5 expression in ART HIV-1+ memory CD4+ T cells represents an imprint that predisposes cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. This predisposition could be blocked using IRF-5 inhibitory peptides, suggesting IRF-5 blockade as a possible therapy to prevent memory CD4+ T cell loss in PLWH.
Development of a method to diagnose endometrial cancer based on the AuNRs‐AntiVimentin optical probe

Endometrial cancer is one of the common gynecological malignancies, and its incidence has been increasing year by year in recent years, raising higher requirements for its rapid diagnosis. In this article, gold nanorods (AuNRs) with localized surface plasmon resonance properties (LSPR) has used to prepare AuNRs‐antibody to waveform protein (AuNRs‐AntiVimentin) optical probes, and a new method has been constructed that could rapidly detect and identify endometrial cancer tissue sections by polarized light microscopy. AuNRs were prepared by seed growth method using gold chloride as raw material, and the morphology of AuNRs and the optical characteristics of AuNRs‐AntiVimentin has characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and zeta potential; immunohistochemistry (IHC) and AuNRs‐AntiVimentin optical probes have used to detect clinical endometrial cancer, respectively. The AuNRs‐AntiVimentin optical probe has been used to detect endometrial cancer tissue sections and found to have good bio‐specificity, with no significant difference in the detection of AuNRs‐AntiVimentin compared with conventional IHC techniques (p > .05). An optical probe generated by coupling AuNRs with Vimentin antibodies has been obtained to detect and identify endometrial cancer with simple operation and comparable effect to conventional IHC, providing a new method and idea for the rapid detection of endometrial cancer.
Ultrasonic testing of rivet in multilayer structure using a convolutional neural network on edge device

Rivets are used to assemble layers in the air intakes, fuselages, and wings of an aircraft. After a long time of working under extreme conditions, pitting corrosion could appear in the rivets of the aircraft. The rivets could be broken down and thread the safety of the aircraft. In this paper, we proposed an ultrasonic testing method integrated with convolutional neural network (CNN) for the detection of corrosion in the rivets. The CNN model was designed to be lightweight enough to be able to run on edge devices. The CNN model was trained with a very limited sample of rivets, from 3 to 9 artificial pitting corrosive rivets. The results show that the proposed approach could detect up to 95.2% of pitting corrosion using experimental data with three training rivets. The detection accuracy could be improved to 99% by nine training rivets. The CNN model was implemented and ran on an edge device (Jetson Nano) in real-time with a small latency of 1.65 ms.
Frequency of Micronucleated Erythrocytes in Rat Bone Marrow Exposed to 2.45?GHz Radiation

Wistar rats were exposed to 2.45 GHz continuous, radiofrequency microwave (RF/MW) field 2 hours daily, 7 days weekly, at power density 5–10 mW/cm2. Four subgroups were created in order to be irradiated 4, 16, 30 and 60 hours. Sham-exposed controls were included in the study. Animals were euthanized on the final irradiation day of each treated subgroup. Bone marrow smears were examined to determine the extent of genotoxicity after the particular treatment time. Mann-Whitney test was used for statistical evaluation of data. In comparison to the sham-exposed subgroups, the findings of polychromatic erythrocytes revealed significant differences for the 8th and 15th experimental day. Bone marrow erythrocyte maturation and/or proliferation initiated by subthermogenic RF/MW irradiation showed temporary disturbance. Thereafter, the frequency of micronucleated bone marrow red cells was significantly increased after 15 irradiation treatments. Comparison of micronucleus frequency data obtained after 2, 8 and 30 irradiation treatments did not reveal statistically significant differences between sham and treated subgroups. Under the applied experimental conditions, RF/MW irradiation initiates transitory cytogenetic effect manifested with micronucleus formation in erythropoietic cells.
Long‐term safety and efficacy of sublingual asenapine for the treatment of schizophrenia: A phase III extension study with follow‐up for 52 weeks (P06125)—Secondary publication

After completion of a 6‐week double‐blind trial of asenapine sublingual tablets (10 or 20 mg/day) versus placebo in Asian patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia, including Japanese patients, this open‐label study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a 52‐week treatment with asenapine at flexible doses. In 201 subjects, including 44 who had received placebo (P/A group) and 157 who had received asenapine (A/A group) in the feeder trial, adverse events occurred at rates of 90.9% and 85.4% and serious adverse events at rates of 11.4% and 20.4%, respectively. One patient in the P/A group died. No clinically significant abnormal measurements of body weight, body mass index, or glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and prolactin levels were observed. The sustained efficacy rate, as evaluated by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score and other measures, remained at approximately 50% between 6 and 12 months of treatment. These results suggest that long‐term treatment with asenapine is well tolerated and provides sustained efficacy.
Interleukin-6-to-Albumin Ratio as a Superior Predictor of Mortality in End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients

Introduction: In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), high interleukin-6 (IL-6) and low albumin circulating concentrations are associated with worse outcomes. We examined the IL-6-to-albumin ratio (IAR) as a predictor of risk of death in incident dialysis patients. Methods: In 428 incident dialysis patients (median age 56 years, 62% men, 31% diabetes mellitus, 38% cardiovascular disease [CVD]), plasma IL-6 and albumin were measured at baseline to calculate IAR. We compared the discrimination of IAR with other risk factors for predicting 60-month mortality using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and analyzed the association of IAR with mortality using Cox regression analysis. We divided patients into IAR tertiles and analyzed: (1) cumulative incidence of mortality and the association of IAR with mortality risk in Fine-Gray analysis, taking kidney transplantation as competing risk and (2) the restricted mean survival time (RMST) to 60-month mortality and differences of RMST (∆RMST) between IAR tertiles to describe quantitative differences of survival time. Results: For all-cause mortality, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for IAR was 0.700, which was greater than for IL-6 and albumin separately, while for CV mortality, the AUC for IAR (0.658) showed negligible improvement over IL-6 and albumin separately. In Cox regression analysis, IAR was significantly associated with all-cause mortality but not with CV mortality. Both high versus low and middle versus low tertiles of IAR associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality, subdistribution hazard ratio of 2.22 (95% CI 1.40–3.52) and 1.85 (95% CI 1.16–2.95), respectively, after adjusting for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, CVD, smoking, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. ∆RMST at 60 months showed significantly shorter survival time in middle and high IAR tertiles compared with low IAR tertile for all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Higher IAR was independently associated with significantly higher all-cause mortality risk in incident dialysis patients. These results suggest that IAR may provide useful prognostic information in patients with CKD.
A Qualitative Examination of Tobacco Use and Smoking Cessation Among Gender Minority Adults

Abstract Background Despite the elevated prevalence of smoking among gender minority adults, little is known about the factors that influence their tobacco use and cessation. Purpose We identified and examined factors that influence tobacco use and cessation for gender minority adults, using a conceptual framework based on the Model of Gender Affirmation and Gender Minority Stress Model. Methods Nineteen qualitative, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with gender minority adults who smoke or no longer smoke and were recruited from the Portland, OR metropolitan area. Interviews were audio-recorded, professionally transcribed, and analyzed utilizing thematic analysis. Results Four main themes were generated. Gender minority adults smoke to cope with general and gender minority-specific stressors. Smoking was described as a social behavior that was influenced and sustained by community and interpersonal relationships. Smoking cessation was motivated by health concerns (both general and gender minority-specific) and moderated by conducive life circumstances. Recommendations for tobacco cessation interventions highlighted the importance and role of social support. Participants expressed a strong desire for gender minority-specific tobacco cessation programs. There are unique and complex factors that contribute to the higher prevalence of smoking observed among gender minority adults. Conclusions Tobacco cessation interventions are urgently needed for this population and should be tailored to address the unique factors that impact tobacco use and cessation among gender minority people to increase the likelihood of success.