Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Mu rhythm: clinical assessment of the atypical type].

Of 5,218 patients who received EEG examination at our laboratory during a 9-month period in 1989, 241 showed the 7-13 Hz arch-shaped activity originating from over the Rolandic area known as mu rhythm. These subjects were divided into two groups as follows: Group 1, 171 subjects showing typical mu rhythm, i.e., recorded during wakefulness and not affected by visual stimulation but blocked voluntary movements or tactile stimuli; and, Group 2, 70 subjects showing atypical mu rhythm, i.e., accentuated or activated by drowsiness, photic stimuli, or hyperventilation. No difference between the two groups was found with regard to frequency, amplitude or origin of the mu rhythm. Age distribution for Group 1 showed a peak between the ages of 6 and 15 (67.5%), while that for Group 2 peaked between the ages of 11 and 15 (35.7%) considering high incidence in older age range. There was no significant difference between the two groups in regard to gender. Although both groups showed a high incidence of epilepsy, Group 2 showed higher incidence of intractable epilepsy (p less than 0.05), as well as of severe intracranial trauma and of organic brain disease. On EEG recorded among epileptic patients, paroxysmal discharge was more frequent in Group 2 (p less than 0.01), although no other difference between the two groups was observed. Atypical mu rhythm may indicate more severe epilepsy, and careful observation of patients with atypical mu rhythm is recommended.
Effect of Ozonised water on Chronic Periodontitis - A Clinical Study.

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to study the clinical effects of ozonated water on periodontal tissues. MATERIALS & METHODS In the present study 30 subjects were selected with age ranging from 20 to 60 yearsand pocket depth of ≥5mm. Two sites were selected in each patient whichwere divided into two groups. Group 1(control group-irrigation with saline) and Group 2(study group-irrigation with ozonized water) and clinical parameters were recorded at baseline, 15 days and 30 days. RESULTS When the comparison of mean values of Plaque Index and Gingival Index between the groups and at different time intervals were made, statistically significant difference were observed at 30 days at 5% level. When the mean values of clinical attachment level on mesial and distal site was compared between the groups, statistical significance was observed at 5% level and 1% level respectively.Similarly statistical significance at 5% level was observed at 15 and 30 days on buccal site. CONCLUSION Subgingival irrigation with ozonized water is beneficial adjunct treatment modality to enhance periodontal health with significant role in periodontal therapy. How to cite this article: Katti SS, Chava VK. Effect of Ozonised water on Chronic Periodontitis - A Clinical Study. J Int Oral Health 2013;5(5):79-84.
Irradiation-induced stacking fault tetrahedra in fcc metals

Irradiation induces the formation of stacking fault tetrahedra (SFTs) in a number of fcc metals, such as stainless steel and pure copper. In order to understand the role of the material's parameters on this formation, pure Cu, Ni, Pd and Al, having a respective stacking fault energy of 45, 125, 180 and 166 mJ m−2, have been irradiated with high energy protons to a dose of about 10−2 dpa at room temperature. The irradiation-induced microstructure has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy. All irradiated metals but Al present SFTs. The proportion of perfect, truncated and grouped SFTs has been determined. The SFT energy as a function of size has been calculated using elasticity of the continuum, with respect to the energy of a number of other possible defect configurations. It appears that the key parameters are the stacking fault energy and the shear modulus. Their implication on the formation and stability of the SFTs is discussed.
Lvr, a Signaling System That Controls Global Gene Regulation and Virulence in Pathogenic Leptospira

Leptospirosis is an emerging zoonotic disease with more than 1 million cases annually. Currently there is lack of evidence for signaling pathways involved during the infection process of Leptospira. In our comprehensive genomic analysis of 20 Leptospira spp. we identified seven pathogen-specific Two-Component System (TCS) proteins. Disruption of two these TCS genes in pathogenic Leptospira strain resulted in loss-of-virulence in a hamster model of leptospirosis. Corresponding genes lvrA and lvrB (leptospira virulence regulator) are juxtaposed in an operon and are predicted to encode a hybrid histidine kinase and a hybrid response regulator, respectively. Transcriptome analysis of lvr mutant strains with disruption of one (lvrB) or both genes (lvrA/B) revealed global transcriptional regulation of 850 differentially expressed genes. Phosphotransfer assays demonstrated that LvrA phosphorylates LvrB and predicted further signaling downstream to one or more DNA-binding response regulators, suggesting that it is a branched pathway. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that lvrA and lvrB evolved independently within different ecological lineages in Leptospira via gene duplication. This study uncovers a novel-signaling pathway that regulates virulence in pathogenic Leptospira (Lvr), providing a framework to understand the molecular bases of regulation in this life-threatening bacterium.
The Influence of Corrosion Pits and Cold Expanded Fastener Holes on the Fatigue Life Aluminium 7075-T651

The Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) utilised the split sleeve cold expansion process to increase the fatigue life of fastener holes in the wings of the C130 transport fleet. As part of the validation of the fatigue improvements offered by the process the Defence Technology Agency conducted a series of fatigue tests on cold expanded fastener holes in aluminium 7075-T651, including specimens with corrosion induced after the cold expansion process had been performed. This research conducted an analysis of fatigue crack origins and modelled the stress concentration factors generated as a result of the corrosion pits. These results were used to explain the differing fatigue life and s-n curves produced by corroded and non-corroded fatigue specimens and the location of crack initiation sites around corroded cold expanded fastener holes.
Clock Genes and Altered Sleep–Wake Rhythms: Their Role in the Development of Psychiatric Disorders

In mammals, the circadian clocks network (central and peripheral oscillators) controls circadian rhythms and orchestrates the expression of a range of downstream genes, allowing the organism to anticipate and adapt to environmental changes. Beyond their role in circadian rhythms, several studies have highlighted that circadian clock genes may have a more widespread physiological effect on cognition, mood, and reward-related behaviors. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphisms in core circadian clock genes have been associated with psychiatric disorders (such as autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). However, the underlying mechanisms of these associations remain to be ascertained and the cause–effect relationships are not clearly established. The objective of this article is to clarify the role of clock genes and altered sleep–wake rhythms in the development of psychiatric disorders (sleep problems are often observed at early onset of psychiatric disorders). First, the molecular mechanisms of circadian rhythms are described. Then, the relationships between disrupted circadian rhythms, including sleep–wake rhythms, and psychiatric disorders are discussed. Further research may open interesting perspectives with promising avenues for early detection and therapeutic intervention in psychiatric disorders.
Performance Analysis of Software-Defined Network Switch Using $M/Geo/1$ Model

The aim of this letter is to propose an analytical model to study the performance of software-defined network (SDN) switches. Here, SDN switch performance is defined as the time that an SDN switch needs to process packet without the interaction of controller. We exploit the capabilities of queueing theory-based M/Geo/1 model to analyze the key factors, flow-table size, packet arrival rate, number of rules, and position of rules. The analytical model is validated using extensive simulations. This letter reveals that these factors have significant influence on the performance of an SDN switch.
Socio-economic trajectories and cardiovascular disease mortality in older people: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Abstract Background Socio-economic status from early life has been linked to cardiovascular disease risk, but the impact of life-course socio-economic trajectories, as well as the mechanisms underlying social inequalities in cardiovascular disease risk, is uncertain. Objectives We assessed the role of behavioural, psychosocial and physiological (including inflammatory) factors in the association between life-course socio-economic status and cardiovascular disease mortality in older adults. Methods Participants were 7846 individuals (44% women) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a representative study of individuals aged ≥ 50 years, established in 2002–03. Comprising four indicators of socio-economic status (father’s social class, own education, occupational position and wealth), we computed an index of socio-economic trajectory and a lifetime cumulative socio-economic score. Behavioural (smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, body mass index) and psychosocial (social relations, loneliness) factors, physiological (blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides) and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen), measured repeatedly over time, were potential explanatory variables. Cardiovascular disease mortality was ascertained by linkage of study members to a national mortality register. Mediation was calculated using the traditional ‘change-in-estimate method’ and alternative approaches such as counterfactual mediation modelling could not be applied in this context. Results During the 8.4-year follow-up, 1301 study members died (438 from cardiovascular disease). A stable low-social-class trajectory was associated with around double the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval: 1.94, 1.37; 2.75) compared with a stable high social class across the life course. Individuals in the lowest relative to the highest life-course cumulative socio-economic status group were also more than twice as likely to die of cardiovascular disease (2.57, 1.81; 3.65). Behavioural factors and inflammatory markers contributed most to explaining this gradient, whereas the role of psychosocial and other physiological risk factors was modest. Conclusions In a population-based cohort of older individuals living in England, we provide evidence that disadvantage across the life course is linked to cardiovascular mortality. That behavioural factors and inflammatory markers partially explain this gradient may provide insights into the potential for intervention.
Monitoring human enteric viruses in wastewater and relevance to infections encountered in the clinical setting: a one-year experiment in central France, 2014 to 2015

Background Human enteric viruses are resistant in the environment and transmitted via the faecal-oral route. Viral shedding in wastewater gives the opportunity to track emerging pathogens and study the epidemiology of enteric infectious diseases in the community. Aim: The aim of this study was to monitor the circulation of enteric viruses in the population of the Clermont-Ferrand area (France) by analysis of urban wastewaters. Methods: Raw and treated wastewaters were collected between October 2014 and October 2015 and concentrated by a two-step protocol using tangential flow ultrafiltration and polyethylene glycol precipitation. Processed samples were analysed for molecular detection of adenovirus, norovirus, rotavirus, parechovirus, enterovirus (EV), hepatitis A (HAV) and E (HEV) viruses. Results: All wastewater samples (n = 54) contained viruses. On average, six and four virus species were detected in, respectively, raw and treated wastewater samples. EV-positive samples were tested for EV-D68 to assess its circulation in the community. EV-D68 was detected in seven of 27 raw samples. We collected data from clinical cases of EV-D68 (n = 17), HAV (n = 4) and HEV infection (n = 16) and compared wastewater-derived sequences with clinical sequences. We showed the silent circulation of EV-D68 in September 2015, the wide circulation of HAV despite few notifications of acute disease and the presence in wastewater of the major HEV subtypes involved in clinical local cases. Conclusion: The environmental surveillance overcomes the sampling bias intrinsic to the study of infections associated with hospitalisation and allows the detection in real time of viral sequences genetically close to those reported in clinical specimens.
The role of emotional maltreatment and looming cognitive style in the development of social anxiety symptoms in late adolescents

ABSTRACT Background: Social looming constitutes a specific cognitive vulnerability that acts as a danger schema and biases the processing of threat-related information associated with the development of social anxiety disorder. This model characterizes early negative experiences as critical to the formation of looming cognitive style. Furthermore, research has found links between parental emotional abuse and peer victimization and social anxiety. Design: A three-wave longitudinal design was used to analyze the role of parents’ emotional abuse and peer victimization in the onset of social anxiety symptoms through the development of this cognitive style. Methods: The final sample was made up of 307 females and 243 males (Mage = 16.97, SDage = .81). Perceived parents’ emotional abuse and peer victimization by participants were measured at Time 1, social looming was measured at Time 1 and 2, and social anxiety symptoms were measured at Times 1, 2, and 3. Results: Parents’ emotional abuse and peer victimization were related to social anxiety cross-sectionally. Longitudinally, social looming acted as a mediator in the relationship between parents’ emotional abuse and social anxiety. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need to better understand the mechanisms through which emotional abuse and peer victimization impact social looming and contribute to social anxiety.
Initiation and growth behavior of creep voids in an austenitic steel with high ductility under multi-axial stresses

This study aims mainly to clarify the effects of the multi-axial stress components on the initiation and growth behavior of creep voids. For this purpose, creep tests, particularly creep interrupt tests are conducted in tension, torsion and in combined tension-torsion stress states at 700°C, using tubular specimens of the austenitic steel SUS310S with high ductility. Creep voids formed in the specimens are examined in detail by observation with the scanning electron micrographs. It is found that creep voids in the torsional creep specimens form easily to a certain size in the primary creep, but they grow difficultly to rupture. While from torsional stress state to tensile one, creep voids become easy to grow. The initiation and growth behaviors of creep voids under the multi-axial stress conditions are discussed. It is further suggested that the von Mises equivalent stress is a dominant component for the initiation of creep voids, and the mean stress component strongly promotes their growth.
Authenticating messages in wireless sensor networks

Unethical and illegal messages can be easily obstructed by suitably authenticating them; in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), it is imperative that such messages should not be redirected. WSNs are trivial, low rate, and low battery-operated nodes wherein interconnection among nodes occurs via wireless links in a location that is extremely harsh and limited with few resources. It has been observed that WSNs are mainly used in unsupervised locations; so, they are highly susceptible to stalkers. To overcome such problems, there have been various authentication methods that have been initiated that are based on symmetric and public key cryptography. Message authentication is one such method that decreases illegal attacks in WSNs. Nonetheless, the method suffers from problems like large computational operating cost, lack of flexibility to node attacks, and scalability. Therefore, to surmount these problems, we develop a system that is based on modified elliptic curve digital signature. We also compare our developed system with modified ElGamal signature system, and the results seem quite promising. Moreover, in our developed system, there is no threshold for messages that are to be transmitted.
Differentiation of signals generated by eye blinks and mouth clenching in a portable brain computer interface system

Patients who are completely paralyzed cannot move their muscles according to their intentions. However, the majority of partially paralyzed individuals can move some of their muscles and eyes voluntarily. The monitoring of electrical activity produced by muscle movements are known as Electromyography (EMG) and the same due to eye blinks and eye movements are known as an electrooculography (EOG). Furthermore, the signals coming from EMG and EOG activities are stronger than same produced by Electroencephalography (EEG). Therefore, it is useful to have a Brain computer interface system (BCI) which operates on EMG and EOG activities in addition to EEG. The objective of this study is to investigate the distinguishability of various signals produce by EMG and EOG activities and thereby utilizing them for constructing an effective BCI system which operates according to the user intentions. Three types of EMG/EOG signals are investigated in this study. They are single eye blink, double eye blink and mouth clenching. We have developed an efficient procedure to differentiate these three activities in real time and implemented it using MATLAB. Furthermore, this efficient implementation is embedded in our Brain Computer Interface system called GINIE. As a result, we are able to control external lights, television sets and computer mouse 100% accurately and efficiently only using three signal types mentioned above. Also the EEG processing techniques of GINIE is used to generate speech commands according to the intention of the user. These features of GINIE was successfully demonstrated at the "Annual review session of National Institute of Fundamental Studies" held in March 2017.
Does size matter? Examining the effect of obesity on inpatient amputation rehabilitation outcomes

Abstract Purpose This study investigated whether obesity impacted clinical outcomes of patients at discharge from inpatient amputation rehabilitation. Method This was a retrospective chart review examining admissions for lower extremity amputation rehabilitation at a Canadian Regional Amputee Rehabilitation Programme between December 2011 and June 2014. Discharge outcomes were predefined as the two-minute walk test (2MWT), the L-test of functional mobility and the SIGAM score. These were compared between each body mass index (BMI) group (underweight < 18.4 kg/m2, normal between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2, overweight between 25.0 and 29.9 kg/m2 and obese greater or equal to 30 kg/m2) as a whole and within transtibial, transfemoral and bilateral amputation groups. Results Of the 289 admissions meeting inclusion criteria, only underweight patients walked significantly less distance on the 2MWT than normal weight patients. There were group differences in the L-test, but post hoc testing was unable to qualify the differences. No significant difference was found in the SIGAM score. There were no significant differences found in the 2MWT, L-test or SIGAM when patients were grouped by amputation level. Conclusions Obesity does not appear to significantly impact inpatient amputation rehabilitation outcomes such as the 2MWT, L-test or SIGAM score. As such, obesity should not be a deciding factor as to whether a patient is offered rehabilitation. Implications for Rehabilitation Obesity is increasing in prevalence and is comorbid with peripheral vascular disease and diabetes, the leading causes of lower extremity amputation. Function is compromised in the obese general population when compared to non-obese individuals. Obesity does not seem to confer a disadvantage with regards to validated outcomes, such as the 2-min walk test, L-test or SIGAM score at discharge after inpatient amputation rehabilitation. Obesity should not be a barrier to offering inpatient rehabilitation to amputation patients.
Glial Activation and Glucose Metabolism in a Transgenic Amyloid Mouse Model: A Triple-Tracer PET Study

Amyloid imaging by small-animal PET in models of Alzheimer disease (AD) offers the possibility to track amyloidogenesis and brain energy metabolism. Because microglial activation is thought to contribute to AD pathology, we undertook a triple-tracer small-animal PET study to assess microglial activation and glucose metabolism in association with amyloid plaque load in a transgenic AD mouse model. Methods: Groups of PS2APP and C57BL/6 wild-type mice of various ages were examined by small-animal PET. We acquired 90-min dynamic emission data with 18F-GE180 for imaging activated microglia (18-kD translocator protein ligand [TSPO]) and static 30- to 60-min recordings with 18F-FDG for energy metabolism and 18F-florbetaben for amyloidosis. Optimal fusion of PET data was obtained through automatic nonlinear spatial normalization, and SUVRs were calculated. For the novel TSPO tracer 18F-GE180, we then calculated distribution volume ratios after establishing a suitable reference region. Immunohistochemical analyses with TSPO antisera, methoxy-X04 staining for fibrillary β-amyloid, and ex vivo autoradiography served as terminal gold standard assessments. Results: SUVR at 60–90 min after injection gave robust quantitation of 18F-GE180, which correlated well with distribution volume ratios calculated from the entire recording and using a white matter reference region. Relative to age-matched wild-type, 18F-GE180 SUVR was slightly elevated in PS2APP mice at 5 mo (+9%; P < 0.01) and distinctly increased at 16 mo (+25%; P < 0.001). Over this age range, there was a high positive correlation between small-animal PET findings of microglial activation with amyloid load (R = 0.85; P < 0.001) and likewise with metabolism (R = 0.61; P < 0.005). Immunohistochemical and autoradiographic findings confirmed the in vivo small-animal PET data. Conclusion: In this first triple-tracer small-animal PET in a well-established AD mouse model, we found evidence for age-dependent microglial activation. This activation, correlating positively with the amyloid load, implies a relationship between amyloidosis and inflammation in the PS2APP AD mouse model.
Landmark based head pose estimation benchmark and method

Head pose estimation can help in understanding human behavior or to improve head pose invariance in various face analysis applications. Ready-to-use pose estimators are available with several facial landmark trackers, but their accuracy is commonly unknown. Following the goal to find the best landmark based pose estimator, we introduce a new database (called SyLaHP), propose a new benchmark protocol, and describe and implement a method to learn a pose estimator on top of any landmark detector (called HPFL). The experiments (including cross database) reveal that OpenFace comes with the best pose estimator. Further, HPFL models trained on top of landmark trackers outperform the respective built-in pose estimators. The SyLaHP database, source code, and trained models are publicly available for research.