Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of flowering on the anatomical structure, chemical components and carbohydrate metabolism of Bambusa tuldoides culms at different ages

Bamboo forests, which have come to occupy large areas in recent years, naturally undergo the process of blooming. However, bamboo culms and rhizomes degenerate after the plants bloom, resulting in widespread loss of raw materials. Systematic research on the properties and physiology of bamboo culms after flowering is lacking, and whether flowering bamboo culms could be used as raw materials in industry is unclear. In this paper, we compared and measured the fiber morphology, chemical components, and sugar metabolism indexes of non-flowering and flowering Bambusa tuldoides culms at different ages. The results showed that the fibers in the middle internodes of both non-flowering and flowering B. tuldoides culms had the longest length. The fibers completed their elongation within 1 year, but the fiber walls were continually deposited with age. The levels of the chemical components in the nonflowering culms also continually increased with age. The nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) content and sugar metabolism indexes showed the highest levels in the 2-year culms and then declined in the 3-year culms. Compared to young culms that had not yet flowered, the 3-month-old and 1-year-old flowering culms had a significant decrease in the fiber length and tangential diameter, and their holocellulose and lignin levels also decreased, while the levels of ash, SiO2, 1% NaOH extractives, and benzene-ethanol extractives increased. A correlation analysis showed that sugar catabolism was accelerated in the flowering cluster, which could lead to “starvation death” in bamboo and which had a significant negative impact on the anatomical and chemical properties of the bamboo culms. Generally, the flowering bamboo culms had shorter fibers, higher levels of extractives and ash, and lower holocellulose content, which indicated that bamboo flowering has an adverse effect on the application of such components in the production of pulp, in papermaking, and in other processing and utilization activities. This study revealed the physiological changes in flowering B. tuldoides culms and provided a theoretical basis to inform the utilization of culms in this species.
Dynamic Fire Danger Mapping from Satellite Imagery and Meteorological Forecast Data

Abstract This study aims at ascertaining if and how remote sensing data can improve fire danger estimation based on meteorological variables. With this goal in mind, a dynamic estimation of fire danger was performed using an approach based on the integration of satellite information within a comprehensive fire danger rating system. The performances obtained with and without using satellite data were carried out for fires that occurred during the fire season in the year 2003 in the Calabria region (southern Italy). This study area was selected, first, because it is highly representative of Mediterranean ecosystems and, second, because it is an interesting test case for wildfire occurrences within the Mediterranean basin. The results obtained have shown that the use of satellite data reduced efficiently the overestimated danger areas, thus improving at least by 10% the fire forecasting rate obtained without using satellite-based maps. Such findings can be directly extended to other similar Mediterranean eco.
Etiology, clinical presentation, and outcome of temporomandibular joint luxation in cats: 21 cases (2000–2018)

This study was performed to report etiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) luxation in 21 cats (2000–2018). TMJ luxation was diagnosed by either dental radiography or computed tomography (CT). Causes for TMJ luxation included altercation with a dog (38%), hit-by-car (19%), unknown (19%), fall (19%), and ran into inanimate object (5%). The most common complication was development of permanent malocclusion (24%), followed by reduced vertical mandibular range of motion (5%). Reduction of TMJ luxation was successful in 94.7% of the cases. Reduction of the TMJ luxation was significantly associated with time from injury to treatment. No other significant associations were observed between cause of injury, type of TMJ stabilization, and outcome. TMJ luxation in cats carries an excellent prognosis with early joint reduction and supportive care. Concurrent dental trauma and maxillofacial injuries are common, and all patients with head trauma must be stabilized and evaluated with a thorough examination.
On the shallow origin of hotspots and the westward drift of the lithosphere

Intraplate migrating hotspots, which are unrelated to rifts or plate margins in general, regardless of their origin in the mantle column, indicate relative motion between the lithosphere and the underlying mantle in which the hotspot source is located. Pacific plate hotspots are sufficiently fixed relative to one another to represent an independent reference frame to compute plate motions. However, the interpretation of the middle asthenosphere rather than the deep lower mantle as the source for intraplate Pacific hotspots has several implications. First, decoupling between the lithosphere and subasthenospheric mantle is greater than recorded by hotspot volcanic tracks (>100 mm/yr) due to undetectable shear in the lower asthenosphere below the magmatic source. The shallower the source, the larger the décollement. Second, computation of the westward drift is linked to the Pacific plate and assumes that the deep lower mantle, below the decoupling zone, sources the hotspots above. The Pacific plate is the fastest plate in the hotspot reference frame and dominates the net rotation of the lithosphere. Therefore, if decoupling with the subasthenospheric mantle is larger, the global westward drift of the lithosphere must be faster than present estimates, and may possibly vary between 50 and 90 mm/yr. In this case, all plates, albeit moving at different velocities, move westward relative to the subasthenospheric mantle. Finally, faster decoupling can generate more shear heating in the asthenosphere (even >100 °C). This amount of heating, in an undepleted mantle, could trigger scattered intraplate Pacific volcanism itself if the viscosity of the asthenosphere is locally higher than normal. The Emperor-Hawaiian bend can be reproduced when bent viscosity anisotropy in the asthenosphere is included. Variations in depth and geometry in the asthenosphere of these regions of higher viscosity could account for the irregular migration and velocities of surface volcanic tracks. This type of volcanic chain has different kinematic and magmatic origins from the Atlantic hotspots or wetspots, 735 *E-mail: carlo.doglioni@uniroma1.it. Doglioni, C. , Green, D. , and Mongelli, F. , 2005, On the shallow origin of hotspots and the westward drift of the lithosphere, in Foulger, G.R. , Natland, J.H. , Presnall, D.C., and Anderson, D.L. , eds., Plates, plumes, and paradigms: Geological Society of America Special Paper 388, p. 735–749, doi: 10.1130/2005.2388(42). For permission to copy, contact editing@geosociety.org. ©2005 Geological Society of America. which migrate with or close to the oceanic spreading center and are therefore platemargin related.
Energy Management Strategy Combining Double Deep Q‐Networks and Demand Torque Prediction for Connected Hybrid Electric Vehicles

This paper proposes an energy management strategy (EMS) based on double‐deep Q‐Networks (DDQN) with demand torque prediction (DTP) to optimize the fuel consumption of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) by online utilizing vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) information. The main framework of the EMS is designed as DDQN, combining Q‐learning with the deep neural network to realize real‐time training and online optimization of the torque distribution between the internal combustion engine and the electric motor, and given that the model training easily falls into local minima and overestimation, two different Q‐networks are designed to decouple action selection and target evaluation. Meanwhile, BP‐network predicts future demand torque using the ego vehicle speed, front vehicle speed, and distance between the two vehicles to reduce the burden of model training due to the introduction of traffic information. The predicted demand torque is introduced into the DDQN‐based EMS as states, together with the distance traveled in the driving cycle and the current information on HEV. The effectiveness and adaptability to actual driving cycles of the proposed strategy are verified by comparison with DDQN‐based EMS without DTP and rule‐based EMS. The results show that the fuel consumption using DDQN‐based EMS without DTP is reduced by 4.1% compared with rule‐based EMS. The introduction of demand torque prediction resulted in a further 3.9% reduction in fuel consumption. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Study of remote sensing image texture analysis and classification using wavelet

In the past one difficulty of texture analysis was the lack of adequate tools to characterize different scales of texture effectively. Recent developments in multiresolution analysis such as the Gabor and wavelet transforms, help to overcome this difficulty. This paper introduces a new approach to characterize texture at multiple scales. The performances of the wavelet transform are measured in terms of sensitivity and selectivity for the classification of 25 types of remote sensing texture relief images under the condition of different wavelet decomposition models, different filter lengths, different resolutions and different mother bodies. The reliability exhibited by texture signatures of wavelet transforms are beneficial for accomplishing segmentation, classification and subtle discrimination of texture.
Inquiring about the Dynamics of Institutional Change. Some lessons form the Modernisation of the Mula huerta in Murcia, Spain 1 .

Visiting Scholar (Draft) ABSTRACT. Institutions are dynamic entities. This paper focuses on the dynamics of institutional change in an attempt to identify some of the main variables that can affect change. On the one hand, it argues that in the study of these dynamics, both formal and informal institutions do matter. On the other hand, it suggests that multiple factors, having both an endogenous and an exogenous, origin can be identified when trying to explain processes of institutional change, and that such factors can account for changes at various levels and scales of the institutional structure. This paper also provides some empirical evidence from the study of the transformation of the Mula huerta in Murcia, Spain to illustrate how institutional changes do operate in practice. In this case, the changes introduced to the existing institutions that regulated the property and use of water have led to a deep transformation of the management practices of irrigations and improved the conditions for the sustainalibilty of a common pool resource.
Independent Protection and Influence of the Spike-Specific Antibody Response of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein (N) in Whole-Virion Vaccines

Of all of the components in SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccines, nucleocapsid protein (N) is the most abundant and highly conserved protein. However, the function of N in these vaccines, especially its influence on the targeted spike protein’s response, remains unknown. In this study, the immunization of mice with the N protein alone was shown to reduce the viral load, alleviating pulmonary pathological lesions after challenge with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In addition, co-immunization and pre-immunization with N were found to induce higher S-specific antibody titers rather than compromise them. Remarkably, the same trend was also observed when N was administered as the booster dose after whole inactivated virus vaccination. N-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cell response was detected in all groups and exhibited a certain relationship with S-specific IgG antibody improvements. Together, these data indicate that N has an independent role in vaccine-induced protection and improves the S-specific antibody response to inactivated vaccines, revealing that an interplay mechanism may exist in the immune responses to complex virus components.
What Adolescents Have to Say about Problematic Internet Use: A Qualitative Study Based on Focus Groups

In this paper, the study presented is designed to gain a deeper insight into how adolescents describe, understand, and suggest dealing with Problematic Internet Use (PIU). Eight focus groups were activated with a total of 70 students from the 9th and 11th grades (Mean Age = 15.53 ± 1.202; Female = 44.4%) in four different schools in Southern Italy. A Thematic Analysis was applied to the verbatim transcripts, and seven macro-categories were identified throughout the discourses collected: definition of PIU, symptomatology, impact, determinants, intervention strategy, opportunities and limits of the digital world, and needs that adolescents try to satisfy by surfing the net and which the offline world does not fulfill. Participants converge in seeing PIU in terms of addiction but adopt heterogeneous viewpoints in talking about the reasons for problematic engagement and possible preventive intervention strategies. In the overall picture emerging from the responses, PIU appeared to be the outcome of a psychological dynamic emerging from the interaction of individual, interpersonal, and sociocultural dimensions.
Identi�cation and validation of glycolysis-related signatures for prognosis in patients with breast cancer

30 Background: Emerging evidence has demonstrated roles of glycolysis in the 31 tumorigenesis and progression of human tumors. However, their underlying clinical 32 implications have not been well elucidated in breast cancer. In present study, we aimed 33 to generate a risk-score from glycolysis-related signatures to predict prognosis of 34 patients with breast cancer.
Livelihoods, aquatic resources and non-monetary values of local natural resources in Mexico's Lowland Maya area.

An interdisciplinary study was undertaken on livelihoods of Mayan communities, their aquatic resource use and the non-monetary values of natural resources within The Mayan Zone of Quintana Roo, Mexico. The research used methods from both the social and natural sciences, including development studies, anthropology, economics, ecology and fishery science. With respect to Mayan livelihoods in common property lands (ejidos), these were found to be multiple, seasonal and dynamic, relying to a great extent upon the rainforest of the study area. It was noted that the study area is acknowledged as one in which people live under deprived conditions and therefore their livelihoods could not be considered as truly sustainable. The multiplicity of livelihoods is reflected in the finding that fifty-two sources of income were recorded in three Mayan ejidos. From the point of view of the field of development studies, income diversity was highest in ejido "Junp'eel" followed by "Oox p'eel" and "Ka'a p'eel", whereas from a functional resilience perspective, income diversity was slightly higher in ejido "Ka'a p'eel" followed by "Junp'eel" and "Oox p'eel". The contribution of fishing to Mayan livelihoods varied among ejidos but it was among the minor livelihoods in all cases. However, it was found that fishing was relevant to Mayan communities because it contributed to traditions, religious observances and recreation. The study results concerning aquatic resource use indicate the artisanal nature of inland fisheries of the study area with the use of hook-and-line as the main gear. Indigenous and non-indigenous people were the users of a fishery for which the fishing season was primarily during the dry season and for which no explicit management regulations were found. In this study, local and scientific knowledge were combined to study the fishing sites. Thirty-nine out of 58 interviewees reported changes related to fishing in 16 traditional fishing sites, some of which registered both relatively low (0.13) and medium (0.42) fish diversity indexes. The thesis also examined the relative importance of the different natural resources based on the stated preferences of the interviewees. All three community groups of a Mayan ejido studied considered "soils" (the key natural resource to undertake agriculture) followed by "woodsticks" (materials for hut construction and fuel) as their two most valuable out of seven natural resources. In fact, they emphasized that all their natural resources were important to them, but that "soils" was their most important because slash-and-burn agriculture was the most important activity to their communities. The implications of the overall results to both the Maya in Quintana Roo and conservation of the forests in the study area are discussed.
KOMB: Taxonomy-oblivious Characterization of Metagenome Dynamics via K-core Decomposition

Background: Taxonomic classiﬁcation of microbiomes has provided tremendous insight into the underlying genome dynamics of microbial communities but has relied on known microbial genomes contained in curated reference databases. Methods: We propose K-core graph decomposition as a novel approach for tracking metagenome dynamics that is taxonomy-oblivious. K-core performs hierarchical decomposition which partitions the graph into shells containing nodes having degree at least K called K-shells, yielding O ( E + V ) complexity. Results: The results of the paper are two-fold: (1) KOMB can identify homologous regions eﬃciently in metagenomes, (2) KOMB reveals community proﬁles that capture intra-and inter-genome dynamics, as supported by our results on simulated, synthetic, and real data. Software Availability: KOMB is available for use on Linux systems at https://gitlab.com/treangenlab/komb.git
Micropalaeontological evidence on the age of the Clara Group (South-East Ireland)

o. J. ADAMS. GEOCHEMISTRY LABORATORIES, GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT, QUEEN MARY COLLEGE, MILE END ROAD, LONDON, E.I. 28th May, 1968. MICROPALAEONTOLOG1CAL EVIDENCE ON THE AGE OF THE CLARA GROUP (SOUTH-EAST IRELAND) SIR,—The micropalaeontological investigations of specimens from the Clara Group which were mentioned in an earlier publication (Tremlett, 1966)—and also some from the nearby Dunganstown Sandstone—have now been completed by one of us (C. D.) on material collected by the other (W. E. T.). Although the results are not by themselves conclusive, nevertheless when considered in conjunction with earlier palaeontological information from Clara rocks, they give useful evidence on the period to which the group belongs. Six specimens were examined from the Clara Group—four from the eastern flanks of Trooperstown Hill, ranging from 3 m (10 ft) above the base of the group, where it rests unconformably on Knockrath rocks, to some 150-180 m (500-600 ft) up into the group (Tremlett, 1959a, Fig. 2), and two from the Parkroe brachiopod locality (1959a, p. 61). All are similar in containing only sparse, highly carbonized and damaged sphaeromorph acritarchs, 7-50 /J. in diameter. The absence of more elaborate acritarchs and other microfossils is regarded as evidence of a pre-Arenig age. Similar material has been obtained from Pre-Cambrian and Cambrian rocks elsewhere but not from any Ordovician samples (C. D.). The presence of brachiopods in these rocks (Tremlett, 1959a, p. 61) appears to rule out a Pre-Cambrian age (Glaessner, 1966). Hence a combination of the micropalaeontological and macropalaeontological evidence supports the previously advocated Cambrian age (Tremlett, 1959a, 1966) of the Clara Group. Micropalaeontological material was also obtained from 2 km (1^ miles) south-west of Glenealy at the outcrop of a silty layer in the Dunganstown Sandstone, a bed previously taken to mark the base of the Ordovician succession (Tremlett, 1959a, p. 59 ; 1959b, p. 19). This includes Micrhystidium cf. shinetonensis and large specimens (70130 n) of Leiosphaeridia sp. in abundance, both indicating an Upper Cambrian-Ordovician (or even younger) age. Fragments suggesting chitinozoa (Conchitina) occur, but none can be confidently identified. A few opaque discs may be damaged Baltosphaeridium (Ordovician or younger). The assemblage does not match precisely any known elsewhere. The lithological similarity of the Dunganstown Sandstone to the Arenig rocks of other parts of south-eastern Ireland and its apparent stratigraphical position in the succession between the Clara Group and the Caradocian volcanic rocks of the Rathdrum area (Tremlett, 1959b, p. 19) still appear to provide the best available evidence of the age of this bed. For the Clara Group, however, a group having no known counterpart in other parts of south-eastern Ireland outside southern Co. Wicklow, this new micropalaeontological evidence indicates an upper age limit which, taken in conjunction with the lower limit fixed by brachiopods, confirms the previously advocated Cambrian age.
Metamorphism and deformation in the El Fuerte region: their role in the tectonic evolution of NW Mexico

The Rio Fuerte Formation, cropping out in Sinaloa state of northwestern Mexico, has been ascribed to the Middle to Late Ordovician based on its fossil content. U-Pb detrital zircon study in a rock sample of this unit yielded peaks at 521 Ma, 605 Ma and 881 Ma. Relative-age probability plots in the region suggest that the Rio Fuerte Formation deposited in a basin located between Laurentia and an inactive peri-Gondwanan arc. Thermobarometric and petrographic studies of the Rio Fuerte Formation indicate an initial low P/T or Buchan type metamorphic event. Structural analysis indicates that this event had a ~N-S shortening direction, and may be related to the collision of peri-Gondwanan blocks during the final amalgamation of Pangaea. In the same region, a granitic clast within an andesitic meta-agglomerate of the Topaco Formation yielded a 151 ± 1 Ma age, which predates a second tectono-metamorphic event. This event is ascribed to a Late Jurassic overprint in the El Fuerte region, which may be related to collision of an ophiolite block against the North American plate and is coeval with the Nevadan Orogeny of the North American Cordillera.
Lessons learnt from the first modelling challenge in animal health: Improving preparedness to control African swine fever at the interface between livestock and wildlife

SUMMARY The 1st international modelling challenge in animal health aimed to improve the collective capacity to predict large-scale pathogen spread between livestock and wildlife and to support public decision during health crises. It provided an inspiring platform for exchanging knowledge and expertise. Comparing approaches allowed to assess the predictive capacity of models and identify areas for improving modellers’ responsiveness facing a real crisis.
Prothrombin time derived ﬁbrinogen determination on Sysmex CA-6000™

Aim —To evaluate PT derived ﬁbrinogen determinations with reference to the Clauss ﬁbrinogen assay using a Sysmex CA-6000™ random access coagulation analyser. Methods —Samples were analysed from normal subjects (n = 20), patients with renal or liver dysfunction (n = 25), critically ill patients (n = 25), patients receiving oral anticoagulant treatment (n = 50), and patients with a haemoglobin-opathy (n = 127). Prothrombin times were performed using two thromboplastins: one derived from rabbit brain (Dade: Thromboplastin IS) and the other from recombinant human tissue factor (Dade: Innovin). Fibrinogen was assayed by the Clauss method using a commercial kit (Dade: Fibrinogen). Results —The relation between Clauss ﬁ-brinogen and PT derived ﬁbrinogen was found to be dependent on the patient’s clinical group and source of the thromboplastin used. When the data from the above sample groups were pooled there was still