Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autophagy-mediated reentry of Francisella tularensis into the endocytic compartment after cytoplasmic replication

Intracellular bacterial pathogens evade the bactericidal functions of mammalian cells by physical escape from their phagosome and replication into the cytoplasm or through the modulation of phagosome maturation and biogenesis of a membrane-bound replicative organelle. Here, we detail in murine primary macrophages the intracellular life cycle of Francisella tularensis, a highly infectious bacterium that survives and replicates within mammalian cells. After transient interactions with the endocytic pathway, bacteria escaped from their phagosome by 1 h after infection and underwent replication in the cytoplasm from 4 to 20 h after infection. Unexpectedly, the majority of bacteria were subsequently found to be enclosed within large, juxtanuclear, LAMP-1-positive vacuoles called Francisella-containing vacuoles (FCVs). FCV formation required intracytoplasmic replication of bacteria. Using electron and fluorescence microscopy, we observed that the FCVs contained morphologically intact bacteria, despite fusing with lysosomes. FCVs are multimembranous structures that accumulate monodansylcadaverine and display the autophagy-specific protein LC3 on their membrane. Formation of FCVs was significantly inhibited by 3-methyladenine, confirming a role for the autophagic pathway in the biogenesis of these organelles. Taken together, our results demonstrate that, via autophagy, F. tularensis reenters the endocytic pathway after cytoplasmic replication, a process thus far undescribed for intracellular pathogens.
The Role of Learning Styles in Integrating and Empowering Learners

The widespread use of learning styles inventories in the UK has attracted controversy and debate. Much of this has been around the psychometric properties of instruments and the conceptualisations of learning styles. Although these issues are important, this paper reviews approaches to the use of learning style instruments [LSI] from a curriculum viewpoint and from the perspective of actual users of learning styles profiles.
The Duplicated Genes Database: Identification and Functional Annotation of Co-Localised Duplicated Genes across Genomes

Background There has been a surge in studies linking genome structure and gene expression, with special focus on duplicated genes. Although initially duplicated from the same sequence, duplicated genes can diverge strongly over evolution and take on different functions or regulated expression. However, information on the function and expression of duplicated genes remains sparse. Identifying groups of duplicated genes in different genomes and characterizing their expression and function would therefore be of great interest to the research community. The ‘Duplicated Genes Database’ (DGD) was developed for this purpose. Methodology Nine species were included in the DGD. For each species, BLAST analyses were conducted on peptide sequences corresponding to the genes mapped on a same chromosome. Groups of duplicated genes were defined based on these pairwise BLAST comparisons and the genomic location of the genes. For each group, Pearson correlations between gene expression data and semantic similarities between functional GO annotations were also computed when the relevant information was available. Conclusions The Duplicated Gene Database provides a list of co-localised and duplicated genes for several species with the available gene co-expression level and semantic similarity value of functional annotation. Adding these data to the groups of duplicated genes provides biological information that can prove useful to gene expression analyses. The Duplicated Gene Database can be freely accessed through the DGD website at http://dgd.genouest. org.
Decision-Making Style as a Predictor of Career Decision-Making Status and Treatment Gains

This study investigated the predictability of rational decision- making style on career decision-making status and treatment gains based on a computer-based career intervention. Decision-making style, in relation to pretreatment career status as well as its efficacy in predicting intervention outcomes, was also examined. Seventy-four undecided university students participated in the study. Results show that employing decision-making strategies based on an individual's preference significantly increased students' career decidedness and decreased career indecision, choice anxiety, and reason complexity. Rational decision-making style is positively associated with career decidedness and negatively associated with the exploration stage of decision making; it is not, however, predictive of treatment gains.
A life threatening problem in infants: supratentorial epidural hematoma

Traumatic epidural hematoma (EDH) represents a rare head injury complication in infants.Its diagnosis can be quite challenging because its clinical presentation is usually subtle and nonspecific.Authors present a study on 30 infants with epidural hematoma (EDH) admitted in the Pediatric Department of Neurosurgery of the ‘Bagdasar–Arseni’ Clinical Hospital in the period of 1990–2007 (17 years). The most common symptom was irritability, which occurred in 16 cases (53.3%), of our patients. Pallor in all cases (100%) and subgaleal hematoma in 20/30 (66.6%) of the patients. These were the most common clinical signs that occurred upon admission; both of them represent signs of significant clinical importance. Surgical evacuation via craniotomy was required in 26/30 (86.6%) of our patients, while 4/30 (13.3%) of the patients were managed conservatively. The mortality rate was 6.6% in our series, whilst the long–term morbidity rate was 3.3%. EDH in infants represents a life–threatening complication of head injury, which requires early identification and prompt surgical or conservative management depending on the patient's clinical condition, the size of EDH, and the presence of a midline structure shift on the head's CT scan.
Referential Extension in Early Language Development.

GRUENDEL, JANICE M. Referential Extension in Early Language Development. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1977, 48, 1567-1576. 2 questions were investigated: the nature of intensional criteria and developmental characteristics of referential extension. Primary data consisted of 28 hours of videotaped mother-child interaction from which a contextual history of the early word use of 2 children during the first year of language was compiled. Findings include: (1) identification of word application based on form alone, action alone, and a function to form progression; (2) early word use designating specific referents as well as classes and categories of referents; (3) both differentiation and generalization in extension; and (4) a potential influence for parental language and action in the child's course of language extension.
Encoding Gaussian curvature in glassy and elastomeric liquid crystal solids

We describe shape transitions of thin, solid nematic sheets with smooth, preprogrammed, in-plane director fields patterned across the surface causing spatially inhomogeneous local deformations. A metric description of the local deformations is used to study the intrinsic geometry of the resulting surfaces upon exposure to stimuli such as light and heat. We highlight specific patterns that encode constant Gaussian curvature of prescribed sign and magnitude. We present the first experimental results for such programmed solids, and they qualitatively support theory for both positive and negative Gaussian curvature morphing from flat sheets on stimulation by light or heat. We review logarithmic spiral patterns that generate cone/anti-cone surfaces, and introduce spiral director fields that encode non-localized positive and negative Gaussian curvature on punctured discs, including spherical caps and spherical spindles. Conditions are derived where these cap-like, photomechanically responsive regions can be anchored in inert substrates by designing solutions that ensure compatibility with the geometric constraints imposed by the surrounding media. This integration of such materials is a precondition for their exploitation in new devices. Finally, we consider the radial extension of such director fields to larger sheets using nematic textures defined on annular domains.
Two-level tiling for MPSoC architecture

Multiprocessor systems-on-a-chip (MPSoCs architectures) have received a lot of attention in the past years, but few advances in compilation techniques target these architectures. This is particularly true for the exploitation of several level of memory hierarchy. Usually tiling is applied to one loop nest; in this paper we apply simultaneously loop fusion with two-level tiling to several loop nests in the context of a MPSoC architecture. The two level-tiling allows the simultaneous optimization of caches and registers. To optimize the memory space used by temporary arrays, buffers and registers are used as a replacement. The experiments show that these techniques yield a significant reduction in the number of data cache misses and in processing time.
Multimodal sparse representation learning and applications

Unsupervised methods have proven effective for discriminative tasks in a single-modality scenario. In this paper, we present a multimodal framework for learning sparse representations that can capture semantic correlation between modalities. The framework can model relationships at a higher level by forcing the shared sparse representation. In particular, we propose the use of joint dictionary learning technique for sparse coding and formulate the joint representation for concision, cross-modal representations (in case of a missing modality), and union of the cross-modal representations. Given the accelerated growth of multimodal data posted on the Web such as YouTube, Wikipedia, and Twitter, learning good multimodal features is becoming increasingly important. We show that the shared representations enabled by our framework substantially improve the classification performance under both unimodal and multimodal settings. We further show how deep architectures built on the proposed framework are effective for the case of highly nonlinear correlations between modalities. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated experimentally in image denoising, multimedia event detection and retrieval on the TRECVID dataset (audio-video), category classification on the Wikipedia dataset (image-text), and sentiment classification on PhotoTweet (image-text).
High-sensitive troponin T in chronic heart failure correlates with severity of symptoms, left ventricular dysfunction and prognosis independently from N-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide

Abstract Background: Troponin T is an established marker of myocardial ischemia. We speculated that the role of the new high-sensitive troponin T (hs-cTnT) might expand towards non-ischemic myocardial disease, indicate disease severity and allow for prognostication in chronic heart failure. Methods: Hs-cTnT (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) was assessed in 233 individuals with chronic heart failure (n=149) or healthy controls (n=84). Results: Hs-cTnT was significantly elevated in patients with chronic heart failure [0.018 ng/mL, interquartile range (IQR) 0.009–0.036 ng/mL, vs. controls 0.003 ng/mL, 0.003–0.003 ng/mL, p<0.001] and positively correlated with N-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (r=0.79, p<0.001). Hs-cTnT increased stepwise and signitificantly according to clinical (NYHA stage) as well as functional (LV ejection fraction, fluid retention) severity (each p<0.001). At a binary cutpoint of 0.014 ng/mL, hs-TropT was a significant predictor of all-cause mortality and all-cause mortality or rehospitalization for congestive heart failure (each p≤0.01). Of note, the prognostic value of hs-TropT was independent and additive to that of NT-proBNP. Conclusions: Hs-cTnT increases stepwise with the severity of symptoms and LV dysfunction and offers important prognostic information in chronic heart failure, independently from and additive to NT-proBNP. The utility of hs-cTnT expands beyond acute myocardial ischemia and towards chronic heart failure.
The More Things Change the More They Stay the Same: Factors Influencing Teachers' Interpretations and Delivery of National Curriculum Physical Education

ABSTRACT A small number of studies have previously indicated that National Curriculum Physical Education (NCPE) policy texts have been adapted and recreated by teachers (Evans & Penney, 1993a; Laws & Aldridge, 1995). The purposes of this study were to describe teachers' differing interpretations of NCPE and to identify factors which influenced these interpretations. Two theoretical perspectives guided data collection and analysis. These were occupational socialization theory (Lawson, 1983a, b) and the technological, ecological, and cultural perspectives on curriculum change identified by Sparkes (1991a). Participants were 23 teachers working in eight secondary schools in three towns located in the south of England. Data collection techniques employed were passive participant observation, formal and informal interviews, and document analysis. Data were analysed using constant comparison and analytic induction. In addition, hypotheses were developed that were grounded in the data and which appeared to expla.
Interventions for the treatment of uveitic macular edema: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Uveitic macular edema is the major cause of reduced vision in eyes with uveitis. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of interventions in the treatment of uveitic macular edema. Search strategy Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, and Embase. There were no language or data restrictions in the search for trials. The databases were last searched on December 1, 2011. Reference lists of included trials were searched. Archives of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology, Retina, the British Journal of Ophthalmology, and the New England Journal of Medicine were searched for clinical trials and reviews. Selection criteria Participants of any age and sex with any type of uveitic macular edema were included. Early, chronic, refractory, or secondary uveitic macular edema were included. We included trials that compared any interventions of any dose and duration, including comparison with another treatment, sham treatment, or no treatment. Data collection and analysis Best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness were the primary outcome measures. Secondary outcome data including adverse effects were collected. Conclusion More results from randomized controlled trials with long follow-up periods are needed for interventions for uveitic macular edema to assist in determining the overall long-term benefit of different treatments. The only intervention with sufficiently robust randomized controlled trials for a meta-analysis was acetazolamide, which was shown to be ineffective in improving vision in eyes with uveitic macular edema, and is clinically now rarely used. Interventions showing promise in this disease include dexamethasone implants, immunomodulatory drugs and anti-vascular endothelial growth-factor agents. When macular edema has become refractory after multiple interventions, pars plana vitrectomy could be considered. The disease pathophysiology is uncertain and the course of disease unpredictable. As there are no clear guidelines from the literature, interventions should be tailored to the individual patient.
Primary therapy for adults with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma with hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation results in favorable outcomes.

BACKGROUND Controversy exists regarding the role of high-dose therapy followed by stem-cell transplant (SCT) in the treatment of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL). We conducted an intention-to-treat analysis of the strategy of SCT as definitive treatment of T-LBL. PATIENTS AND METHODS From July 1987 to March 2005, 34 adults with T-LBL were diagnosed and treated in British Columbia. Treatment, before planned SCT, consisted of a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)/acute lymphoblastic leukemia hybrid chemotherapy protocol (28 patients) or a standard NHL chemotherapy regimen (six patients). RESULTS Median follow-up of the 23 surviving patients is 51 months (range 13-142 months). Twenty-nine proceeded to SCT (four allogeneic, 25 autologous). For all 34 patients, 4-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) are 72% and 68%, respectively. For patients proceeding to SCT, the 4-year OS and EFS are 79% and 73%, respectively. All patients who received allografts are alive without disease at 38-141 months since diagnosis. For patients who received autografts, the 4-year EFS is 69%. Bone marrow involvement was a significant prognostic factor predicting for a worse survival (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION A treatment strategy for adults with chemosensitive T-LBL that includes planned consolidation with SCT in first response produces favorable long-term outcome.
What Does Professional Digital Competence Mean in Teacher Education

The focus of this position paper is on the conceptualization of professional digital competence (PDC) in the teaching profession and its consequences for teacher education. The aim is to establish a concept that captures, challenges, and possibilities related to teaching and learning in technology-rich settings. By using three school subjects as cases, we argue the necessity of viewing PDC as comprising a deep understanding of technology, knowledge of students’ learning processes, and an understanding of the specific disciplinary practices and features characterizing individual school subjects.
Is transcranial magnetic stimulation effective in treatment-resistant combat related posttraumatic stress disorder?

OBJECTIVE To examine the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in patients with treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with co-occurring major depression. METHODS We examined data on 20 male combat related PTSD patients admitted to the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Clinic of Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey between January 2011 and December 2012 that received rTMS in addition to medical therapy. We obtained the data by examining the case files and hospital computer records. RESULTS Decreases in the Impact of Event Scale (IES) hyperarousal scores were statistically significant. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the total IES scores, IES intrusion scores, IES avoidance scores, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory scores before and after rTMS treatment. CONCLUSION The efficacy of rTMS on the hyperarousal symptoms indicated that rTMS could be used in the treatment of patients with treatment-resistant PTSD. The role of rTMS in the clinical management of PTSD should be identified in further comprehensive studies.
Detection of all four dengue serotypes in Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes collected in a rural area in Colombia

The Aedes aegypti vector for dengue virus (DENV) has been reported in urban and periurban areas. The information about DENV circulation in mosquitoes in Colombian rural areas is limited, so we aimed to evaluate the presence of DENV in Ae. aegypti females caught in rural locations of two Colombian municipalities, Anapoima and La Mesa. Mosquitoes from 497 rural households in 44 different rural settlements were collected. Pools of about 20 Ae. aegypti females were processed for DENV serotype detection. DENV in mosquitoes was detected in 74% of the analysed settlements with a pool positivity rate of 62%. The estimated individual mosquito infection rate was 4.12% and the minimum infection rate was 33.3/1,000 mosquitoes. All four serotypes were detected; the most frequent being DENV-2 (50%) and DENV-1 (35%). Two-three serotypes were detected simultaneously in separate pools. This is the first report on the co-occurrence of natural DENV infection of mosquitoes in Colombian rural areas. The findings are important for understanding dengue transmission and planning control strategies. A potential latent virus reservoir in rural areas could spill over to urban areas during population movements. Detecting DENV in wild-caught adult mosquitoes should be included in the development of dengue epidemic forecasting models.
CRIMINAL CAREER AND AGE-CRIME PROFILE

Two classical issues in criminology, criminal career paradigm and age-crime curve rule, are analyzed in terms of economics. Age-crime curve sums up the crime intensity and participation aspects of individual crime behaviour during his/her lifetime. It is argued that crime intensity must be the starting point of economic analysis if we want to understand crime career and age-crime curve regularities. A simple model with crime intensity as age dependent decision variable was proposed to generate non-homogenous life time crime intensity rate. The bell shaped age-crime alternative was tested empirically with arrest count data of felony defendants in large urban counties in U.S year 1998. Poisson and NegBin count data regression models gave unsatisfactory results concerning the age dependency of number of arrest counts. NLS regression on individual age standardized arrest counts and semi-parametric Poisson regression on individual arrest counts provided acceptable results. The semi-parametric model estimation allowed for non-homogenous crime intensity presentation in the form of age class average proportional intensities. Regardless of using age standardized counts or controlling for avarage age-dependent intensities the bell shaped age-crime profile was not rejected for the sample.
Bathymetry Retrieval From Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data in Optical-Shallow Water

In this paper, an algorithm for estimating shallow-water depth from hyperspectral data is proposed. This methodology is based on the different responses of shallow-water reflectance on depth and substrate type. Two parameters-similarity coefficient and Pearson correlation coefficient-are introduced to describe the different types of responses, and a linear logarithm ratio model is established. Using Hyperion data over the coastal regions of O'Ahu Island and Saint Thomas Island, the retrieved bathymetry is compared with the airborne LIDAR data. The validation results show that the proposed method has good performance, and the root mean square error is less than 1.5 m over shallow water (shallower than 20 m).
A hierarchical classification system for object recognition in underwater environments

In this paper, a hierarchical system, in which each level is composed by a neural-based classifier, is proposed to recognize objects in underwater images. The system has been designed to help an autonomous underwater vehicle in sea-bottom survey operations, like pipeline inspections. The input image is divided into square regions (macro-pixels) and a neural tree is used to classify each region into different object classes (pipeline, sea-bottom, or anodes). Each macro-pixel is then analyzed according to some geometric and environment constraints: macro-pixels with doubt classification are divided into four parts and re-classified. The process is iterated until the desired accuracy is reached. Experimental results, which have been performed on a large set of real underwater images acquired in different sea environments, demonstrate the robustness and the accuracy of the proposed system.