Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antifungal effect of calcium enriched mixture cement against Candida albicans

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this ex vivo study was to assess the effect of two root-end filling materials against Candida (C) Albicans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ProRoot MTA and CEM Cement were compared immediately and 24 h after mixing, in two different concentrations (50 and 100 mg/mL). A total of 50 culture wells were used and divided into experimental (n=10) and control groups (n=5). Those with no medication served as positive and without C. Albicans served as negative controls. All plates were incubated at 37°C after 1, 24, and 48hours. At each interval, the presence of C. Albicans was assessed and recorded by an independent observer. In addition to observing turbidity, 0.02 mL of samples from each cell was re-cultured on sabouraud dextrose agar plates to confirm change in fungal growth. The data were evaluated and analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: Although all fresh and set samples with experimental concentrations showed fungal growth after 1 h; they demonstrated complete fungicidal activity at 24 and 48-h time intervals. CONCLUSION: Under the conditions of this ex vivo study, CEM cement as well as ProRoot MTA has fungicidal effects against C. Albicans even in concentration of 50 mg/mL and after 24 hours.
Should fish feel pain? A plant perspective

: Key (2016) claims fish that fish do not feel pain because they lack the necessary neuronal architecture: their responses to noxious stimuli, according to Key, are executed automatically without any feelings. However, as pointed out by many of his commentators, this conclusion is not convincing. Plants might provide some clues. Plants are not usually thought to be very active behaviorally, but the evidence suggests otherwise. Moreover, in stressful situations, plants produce numerous chemicals that have painkilling and anesthetic properties. Finally, plants, when treated with anesthetics, cannot execute active behaviors such as touch-induced leaf movements or rapid trap closures after localizing animal prey.
Physicians Interrupted by Mobile Devices in Hospitals: Understanding the Interaction Between Devices, Roles, and Duties

Background A common denominator of modern hospitals is a variety of communication problems. In particular, interruptions from mobile communication devices are a cause of great concern for many physicians. Objective To characterize how interruptions from mobile devices disturb physicians in their daily work. The gathered knowledge will be subsequently used as input for the design and development of a context-sensitive communication system for mobile communications suitable for hospitals. Methods This study adheres to an ethnographic and interpretive field research approach. The data gathering consisted of participant observations, non-structured and mostly ad hoc interviews, and open-ended discussions with a selected group of physicians. Eleven physicians were observed for a total of 135 hours during May and June 2009. Results The study demonstrates to what degree physicians are interrupted by mobile devices in their daily work and in which situations they are interrupted, such as surgery, examinations, and during patients/relatives high-importance level conversations. The participants in the study expected, and also indicated, that wireless phones probably led to more interruptions immediately after their introduction in a clinic, when compared to a pager, but this changed after a short while. The unpleasant feeling experienced by the caller when interrupting someone by calling them differs compared to sending a page message, which leaves it up to the receiver when to return the call. Conclusions Mobile devices, which frequently interrupt physicians in hospitals, are a problem for both physicians and patients. The results from this study contribute to knowledge being used as input for designing and developing a prototype for a context-sensitive communication system for mobile communication suitable for hospitals. We combined these findings with results from earlier studies and also involved actual users to develop the prototype, CallMeSmart. This system intends to reduce such interruptions and at the same time minimize the number of communication devices needed per user.
Social Asymmetries and Bargaining in the Ultimatum Game: A Compared Study

The present paper analyzes the dynamics of bargaining of the ultimatum game in presence of social differences amidst the participants. To that end, two parallel experiments were set-up. One where the social status states of the individuals were of common knowledge (alternative version) and another one where they were unknown (traditional version, our control group). From a population of 190 undergraduate students and using "micro-state" incentives according to the prevalent status, the obtained results differ significantly from those found by Hoffman et al. (1994) in the original paper. Regarding this aspect, we find that when the asymmetries are not exalted within the protocol, therefore the proposed offers as well as the acceptance decisions turn out to be a homogenous pair.
A Study of Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Individuals Evaluated for Insanity

Social and demographic characteristics were com pared for 115 clinically evaluated and legally adjudicated on the issue of sanity. Prior history of schizophrenia, previous treat ment with psychoactive medication, absence of alcoholism, and completion of high school were all associated with individuals being clinically evaluated and legally adjudged insane. These and other findings were discussed with respect to the current research on insanity determinations.
Face Recognition using Radial Basis Function Network based on LDA

This paper describes a method to improve the robustness of a face recognition system based on the combination of two compensating classifiers. The face images are preprocessed by the appearance-based statistical approaches such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). LDA features of the face image are taken as the input of the Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN). The proposed approach has been tested on the ORL database. The experimental results show that the LDA+RBFN algorithm has achieved a recognition rate of 93.5%.
New concept design of an insulin pen for visually impaired or blind diabetius mellitus patients

Today, diabetes mellitus (diabetes) emerges as an increasingly important health problem because of the problems and frequency that it cause all over the world. Especially type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing rapidly in all of the developed and developing society with the rapid changes in lifestyle. As of the year 2013, the number of the diabetes patients are 382 million. And this number is expected to reach 592 million increased by %55 in 2035. The main reason of this population growth due to the obesity and physical inactivity is increasing beacuse of urbanization and aging. In our country, according to result of the studies of Turkey diabetes apidemiology (TURDEP-I), type 2 diabetes mellitus %7.2 frequency of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) %6.7 was found. In the studies of TURDEP-II that is published recently has been seen significantly increase of 2 type diabetes mellitus at age of 20 and over. Uncontrolled diabetes leading to hypoglycemia causes development of complications that affect all systems of the body. (cardiovascular system-eyes-kidney-nervous system) The risk of lower extremity amputation in diabetes patients is 25 times higher than without diabetes. Especaially in developed countries, the most common cause is visual loss and blindness. Under the light of these information, the form of insulin pen was designed that can be used more comfortable for visually handicapped people and blinds.
Gender-Role Orientation of Adolescent Females

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of gender-role orientation on self-esteem and locus of control of female adolescents. A total of 87 junior high school females and 48 senior high school females completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, the Texas Social Behavior Inventory, and the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children. Gender-role orientation was related to self-esteem but not to locus of control. Adolescents classified as androgynous or masculine had higher self-esteem than adolescents classified as feminine and undifferentiated. Differentialpatterns of gender-role orientation effects were found for junior high school females when compared to senior high school females. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Prevention of Bloodstream Infections With Central Venous Catheters Treated With Anti-Infective Agents Depends on Catheter Type and Insertion Time: Evidence From a Meta-Analysis

Objective: To test the evidence that the risk of infection related to central venous catheters (CVCs) is decreased by anti-infective coating or cuffing. Design: Systematic review of randomized, controlled trials comparing anti-infective with inactive (control) CVCs. Interventions: Average insertion times were taken as a measurement of the length of insertion. Dichotomous data were combined using a fixed effect model and expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI95). Results: Two trials on antibiotic coating (343 CVCs) had an average insertion time of 6 days; the risk of BSI decreased from 5.1% with control to 0% with anti-infective catheters. There were no trials with longer average insertion times. In three trials on silver collagen cuffs (422 CVCs), the average insertion time ranged from 5 to 8.2 days (median, 7 days); the risk of BSI was 5.6% with control and 3.2% with anti-infective catheters. In another trial on silver collagen cuffs (101 CVCs), the average insertion time was 38 days; the risk of BSI was 3.7% with control and 4.3% with anti-infective catheters. In five trials on chlorhexidine-silver sulfadiazine coating (1,269 CVCs), the average insertion time ranged from 5.2 to 7.5 days (median, 6 days); the risk of BSI decreased from 4.1% with control to 1.9% with anti-infective catheters. In five additional trials on chlorhexidine–silver sulfadiazine coating (1,544 CVCs), the average insertion time ranged from 7.8 to 20 days (median, 12 days); the risk of BSI was 4.5% with control and 4.2% with anti-infective catheters. Conclusions: Antibiotic and chlorhexidine–silver sulfadiazine coatings are anti-infective for short (approximately 1 week) insertion times. For longer insertion times, there are no data on antibiotic coating, and there is evidence of lack of effect for chlorhexidine-silver sulfadiazine coating. For silver-impregnated collagen cuffs, there is evidence of lack of effect for both short- and long-term insertion.
White Blood Cells Classifications by SURF Image Matching, PCA and Dendrogram

Determination and classification of white blood cells are very important for diagnosing many diseases. The number of white blood cells and morphological changes or blasts of them provide valuable information for the positive results of the diseases such as Acute Lymphocytic Leucomia (ALL). Recognition and classification of white cells as basophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils also give additional information for the diagnosis of many diseases. We are developing an automatic process for counting, size determination and classification of white blood cells. In this paper, we give the results of the classification process for which we experienced a study with hundreds of images of white blood cells. This process will help to diagnose especially ALL disease in a fast and automatic way. Three methods are used for classification of five types of white blood cells. The first one is a new algorithm utilizing image matching for classification that is called the Speed-Up Robust Feature detector (SURF). The second one is the PCA that gives the advantage of dimension reduction. The third is the classification tree called dendrogram following the PCA. Satisfactory results are obtained by two techniques.
Design Considerations for Traveling-Wave Modulator-Based CMOS Photonic Transmitters

Systematic design and simulation methodology for hybrid optical transmitters that combine CMOS circuits in a 130-nm process and a traveling-wave Mach-Zehnder modulator (TWMZM) in a 130-nm silicon-on-insulator CMOS process is presented. A compact Verilog-A model for the TWMZM is adopted for the electrooptical simulation. A bond wire model using a high-frequency solver is included for accurate package simulation. The transmitter post-layout simulation result exhibits 5.48-dB extinction ratio, 9.6-ps peak-to-peak jitter, and the best power efficiency of 5.81 pJ/bit when operating up to 12.5-Gb/s non-return-to-zero data. A pulse-amplitude modulation four-level transmitter with a detailed linearity design procedure is presented, which has horizontal and vertical eye openings of 49 ps and 203 μW when operating at 25 Gb/s, and has power efficiency is 5.09 pJ/bit.
Spectroscopic studies of the light-color modulation mechanism of firefly (beetle) bioluminescence.

To reveal the light-color modulation mechanism of firefly (beetle) bioluminescence, we investigated the spectroscopic properties of the phenolate anion 1-O(-) generated from 5,5-dimethyloxyluciferin (1-OH) using various base/solvent combinations. Phenolate anion 1-O(-) is a model compound for the keto form of wild-type oxyluciferin phenolate anion (OL(-)), which is postulated to be the emitter of the bioluminescence. The fluorescence maxima of 1-O(-) were found to depend on the base/solvent combination used, and they varied in the range 541-640 nm, which covers the almost whole range of the bioluminescence emission maximum. In a polar solvent, where (1)(1-O(-))* and the countercation (the conjugate acid of a base) make a solvent-separated ion pair or a free ion couple, the emission maxima of 1-O(-) were found to be modulated by the solvent polarity. In a less polar solvent, where (1)(1-O(-))* and the countercation are formed as a contact ion pair, the strength of the covalent character of the O8'. H bond between (1)(1-O(-))* and the countercation is operative. The effect of the base/solvent combination on the emission properties of (1)(1-O(-))* was also verified using fluorescence lifetime measurements and density functional theory calculations on 1-O(-) and its ion-pair models. On the basis of these results, we propose the following light-color modulation mechanism: (1) the light emitter is the excited singlet state of OL(-) [(1)(OL(-))*], and (2) light emission from (1)(OL(-))* is modulated by the polarity of the active-site environment of a luciferase and the degree of covalent character of the O8'. H bond between (1)(OL(-))* and a protonated basic moiety in the active site. Mechanisms for variation of the bioluminescence colors and their applications are discussed.
Global accretion disk simulations of magneto-rotational instability

We perform global three-dimensional simulations of accretion disks integrating the compressible, non-viscous, but diffusive MHD equations. The disk is supposed to be isothermal. We make use of the ZEUS-3D code integrating the MHD equations and added magnetic diffusivity. We measure the efficiency of the angular-momentum transport. Various model simulations delivered transport parameters of alpha_SS=0.01 to 0.05 which are consistent with several local numerical investigations. Two of the models reach a highly turbulent state at which alpha_SS is of the order of 0.1. After a certain stage of saturating of the turbulence, Reynolds stress is found to be negative (inward transport) in many of the models, whereas Maxwell stresses dominate and deliver a positive (outward) total transport. Several of the models yield strongly fluctuating Reynolds stresses, while Maxwell stresses are smooth and always transport outwards. Dynamo action is found in the accretion disk simulations. A positive dynamo-alpha is indicated in the northern hemisphere of the most prominent run, coming along with negative kinetic and current helicities (all having the opposite sign on the southern side). The dipolar structure of the magnetic field is maintained throughout the simulations, although indication for a decay of antisymmetry is found. The simulations covered relatively thick disks, and results of thin-disk dynamo models showing quadrupolar fields may not be compatible with the results presented here.
A global self-localization technique utilizing local anomalies of the ambient magnetic field

Magnetic field fluctuations in modern buildings arise from both natural and man-made sources, such as steel and reinforced concrete structures, electric power systems, electric and electronic appliances, and industrial devices. If the anomalies of the magnetic field inside the building are nearly static and they have sufficient local variability, they provide a unique magnetic fingerprint that can be utilized in global self-localization. In this article, a Monte Carlo Localization (MCL) technique based on this hypothesis is proposed. The feasibility of the technique is demonstrated by presenting a series of global localization experiments conducted in four arbitrarily selected buildings, including a hospital. The experiment setup consists of a mobile robot instrumented with a 3-axis magnetometer and a computer. In addition, successful human self-localization experiments were conducted by using a wireless wearable magnetometer. The reported experiments suggest that the ambient magnetic field may remain sufficiently stable for longer periods of time, giving support for self-localization techniques utilizing the local deviations of the field.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM PROTOCOLO DE AVALIAÇÃO PSICOFISIOLÓGICA DO TRANSTORNO DE ESTRESSE PÓS-TRAUMÁTICO

The elevated excitability present in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been linked to biological dysfunctions. Among them, there are noteworthy alterations in the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). It is observed that individuals with PTSD tend to exhibit a high activity of their Sympathetic Nervous System and, on the other hand, a low activity of their Parasympathetic Nervous System, which can be measured by monitoring skin conductance (SC), heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV), all of which are accessible and noninvasive laboratory evaluations. Although there are a lot of studies on PTSD psychophysiology, there is a lack of standardized procedures for autonomic evaluation. So, the overall goal of the dissertation was to develop a psychophysiological protocol for PTSD to assess skin conductance, heart rate and heart rate variability in five stages: habituation, baseline, stimulation, recovery and relaxation. For this purpose, a systematic review took place, presented in the first article, gathering and analyzing studies that assessed these measures in PTSD. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of the psychophysiological procedures in this disorder. The results indicated that the procedures employed before collection and after stimulation were barely highlighted in the articles. Furthermore, when evaluated at rest during the baseline stage, no autonomic differences were observed between subjects with and without PTSD. In stimulation, autonomic differences were only observed during tasks related to trauma. The second article, ‘Development of a psychophysiological assessment protocol for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder’, was the development of the protocol and pilot study. The procedures selected through the systematic review were applied in a final sample of two participants with PTSD and five participants without PTSD. We obtained five versions of the protocol, with the final model being consisted of: (1) habituation, physiological sensors are placed and participants remain comfortably seated in a chair for five minutes, (2) baseline, neutral pictures are observed for ten minutes; (3) stimulation, the story of a stressful / traumatic situation is heard for five minutes, (4) recovery, participants remain seated, without any stimulation, for 15 minutes, (5) relaxation, soothing instrumental music, with sounds of nature, are listened to for ten minutes. The protocol last version pointed autonomic differences between the phases and between the participants. There was a decrease of HRV in the PTSD subject and an increase of this measure in the subject without PTSD. Although the protocol still needs to be improved, it seems sensible to examine autonomic responses along the stages that point to the differences between subjects with and without PTSD.
Trigeminal ganglionic neuronal death in a case positive for the botulinum neurotoxin B

Botulinum neurotoxin B (BoNT-B) is a well known lethal agent in humans. In the last years botulinum neurotoxins have been used as therapeutic agents in pain management; their intimate effects on the peripheral nervous ganglia were however not thoroughly described. We present here a rare case of a BoNT-B serologically positive human adult in which trigeminal ganglia were found immunopositive for caspases 3 and 9. Thus the intrinsic apoptotic pathway was proposed as the cell death mechanism involving primary trigeminal neurons. Scavengers such as macrophages and resident satellite glial cells, with a CD68 immunopositivity were also identified, presumably being in the process of eliminating apoptotic remnants. Taking into account that the downregulation of metalloproteinases leads to inactivation of neuronal caspase 3, exogenous metalloproteinases, such as BoNT, may lead to apoptosis. If this causal relation, neurotoxin-to-apoptosis is valid, similar apoptotic processes can be presumed to occur in various ganglia, sensory and autonomic, involved in vital functions of the body. In conclusion, further morphological and experimental studies are needed to extensively evaluate the apoptotic effect of BoNT within the peripheral nervous ganglia in botulinum infections and BoNT treatments.
Secondary Teachers’ Attitudes and Perceptions of the Inclusion of ESL Students in Mainstream Classes

The enrollment of English language learners (ELLs) in U.S. public schools has increased dramatically in the past three decades. With the predominance of pull-out ESL programs, ELLs spend much of their day in the classrooms of mainstream teachers who may have received little or no training to work with language minority students. The purpose of this study was to examine high school teachers’ attitudes and perceptions of ESL inclusion in mainstream classes. The research design included both quantitative and qualitative inquiries. First, a survey was administered to 279 subject area teachers in four high schools to measure teachers’ attitudes and perceptions of ESL inclusion. Second, a qualitative inquiry, consisting of a five-month interview and observation cycle of four high school teachers, examined the experiences of teachers of ELLs in detail. While teachers’ general attitudes toward ESL inclusion in mainstream classes were positive, this study revealed teachers’ frustration with their lack of time, training, and support to work effectively with ELLs. In addition, teachers’ perceptions of the utility of ELLs’ native languages as a classroom resource were generally negative, and teachers encouraged the rapid linguistic assimilation of ELLs. Teachers’ attitudes toward the modification of coursework suggested teachers’ belief in equalizing coursework standards for all students regardless of English proficiency. Finally, survey participants perceived the inclusion of ELLs in mainstream classes to be a multicultural learning experience for English proficient students. Data from the qualitative inquiry, however, portrayed ELLs as marginal members of mainstream classrooms who rarely interacted with English proficient peers or teachers. Implications of teachers’ attitudes and perceptions of ESL inclusion and recommendations for further research conclude the study.