Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Effect of Three Root Canal Sealers on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Comparative Study

Background : Root canal sealers play a crucial role in the success of endodontic treatment. The fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth is an important consideration as it indicates the ability of the tooth to withstand functional forces and prevents vertical root fractures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of Ceraseal, Guttaflow Bioseal and AH Plus root canal sealers on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. Methods: Fourty-five lower premolars were decoronated and divided into one control group and two experimental groups where Group A (n = 15) (Control): canal preparation was done with Protaper Gold system and obturated with AH Plus sealer, Group B (n = 15): canal preparation was done with Protaper Gold system and obturated with Ceraseal sealer and Group C (n = 15): canal preparation was done with Protaper Gold system and obturated with GuttaFlow Bioseal sealer. All root canals were obturated using single cone obturation technique and evaluated radiographically. Roots were then mounted and a universal testing machine was used to assess root fracture resistance. Results: The highest mean value was recorded in Group (A) AH Plus (651.19±61.97), with a significantly lower value recorded in Group (C) GuttaFlow Bioseal (556.16±36.24), followed by Group (B) Ceraseal (511.71±53.5). One-way ANOVA test revealed a significant difference between groups. Post hoc Bonferroni test revealed that the difference between group B and group C was not statistically significant. Conclusion: AH Plus improved the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth in comparison with Ceraseal and GuttaFlow Bioseal. © 2024 MSA. All rights reserved.
Exopolysaccharide (EPS) Based Edible Films To Enhance Shelf-life of Fruits And Vegetables

As the world population increases, supply and quality of fresh foods becomes a challenge. The development of food packaging films and coatings is one of the modern strategies for preserving food products and ensuring their freshness and quality during storage. Exopolysaccharides (EPSs), usually derived from Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), are molecules that are released by most bacteria which act as a protection for the bacteria. In this investigation, a dissolved EPS, combined with a plasticizer, was employed in the formulation of an edible film. The findings revealed that fruits coated with lyophilized EPS exhibited superior resilience against environmental factors that contribute to spoilage. The utilization of microbial exopolysaccharides emerges as a promising and sustainable alternative to contemporary food packaging techniques. This study underscores the potential of this approach to enhance the shelf life and quality of food products, thereby addressing the pressing challenges associated with the growing global population.
Outcomes of Rehabilitation Strategies for Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricular Septal Defect: A Single Center’s Experience

Background : Both systemic-to-pulmonary shunt and right ventricle-pulmonary artery (RV-PA) connection are extensively applied to initially rehabilitate the pulmonary artery in pulmonary atresia with the ventricle septal defect (PA/VSD). However, which of these options is the most ideal for promoting pulmonary artery development and improving outcomes remains controversial. Methods : A total of 109 PA/VSD patients undergoing initial rehabilitative surgery at Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital from 2010 to 2020 were enrolled in this study. A series of clinical data were collected to compare the perioperative and postoperative outcomes between systemic-to-pulmonary and RV-PA connection. Results : The mean duration of follow-up was 61.1 months in the systemic-to-pulmonary shunt group and 70.3 months in the RV-PA connection group ( p > 0.05). The RV-PA connection technique resulted in a significantly higher PaO 2 , lower red blood cells (RBC), lower hemoglobin, and lower hematocrit (Hct) ( p < 0.05). The cumulative incidence curve estimated a cumulative complete repair rate of 56 ± 7% after 5 years in the RV-PA connection group, significantly higher than 36 ± 7% after 5 years in the systemic-to-pulmonary shunt group ( p < 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier curve revealed a similar estimated survival rate between the two groups ( p = 0.73). The RV-PA connection was identified as an independent predictor for complete repair in the multivariable analysis (HR = 2.348, 95% CI = 1.131–4.873). Conclusions : The RV-PA connection is a more ideal initial rehabilitative technique than systemic-to-pulmonary shunt in treating PA/VSD as a consequence of comparable probability of survival but improved definitive complete repair rate.
Advanced numerical analysis of landslide debris mobility and barrier interaction

ABSTRACT Mitigation of natural terrain hazards through the use of flexible and rigid barriers has become a common type of geotechnical work in Hong Kong. The current design approach for these structural countermeasures typically involves separate debris mobility modelling and structural analyses of barriers subject to pseudo-static impact loadings. This practical approach, however, could not realistically account for the dynamic debris–barrier interaction. With a view to better capturing the response of barriers under the debris impact, effort has recently been devoted to developing an advanced numerical technique to model debris flows, barrier structural responses and the impact dynamics in a coupled manner. This paper presents some recent advances made in establishing the numerical technique of coupled analysis using a three-dimensional finite-element computer code LS-DYNA. The methodologies of modelling the landslide debris mobility, the large-deformation non-linear behaviour of a flexible barrier under impact and the coupled analysis of debris–barrier interaction are introduced. Back analyses of selected landslide events and debris impact tests of flexible barriers for verification of the computer models are discussed. The coupled analysis enables detailed investigation of the energy balance involved in the impact process. Preliminary results of this energy analysis are also presented.
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A VIRTUAL EMBASSY ACCORDING TO THE 1961 VIENNA CONVENTION ON DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS: THE CASE OF BARBADOS’ METAVERSE EMBASSY

Through years of practice, embassies are considered the pillar of the diplomatic system, which faced developments of methods recently heavily influenced by internet optimization. It is reflected in the growing practices of non-physical embassies that raised the issue of whether or not those practices are consistent with the embassy's function under diplomatic law. By using method of normative legal research, qualitative methodology, and descriptive and comparative methods, This paper argues the difficulties of the performance of diplomatic mission function by non-physical embassies through the dimensions of efficiency laid down under the object and purpose of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961. It stands to prove the cumulativeness of the functions prescribed under Article 3 (1) of VCDR, arguing that the functions' performance is inefficient by only operating one or several functions. By this way of interpretation, the sole establishment of non-physical embassies, such as virtual embassies and especially metaverse embassies, is impractical due to their inability to perform several key functions of the diplomatic mission. It then clearly established that States cannot rely solely on establishing non-physical embassies and must seek alternative methods.
Isolation and identification of microbial contaminants associated with commercial poultry feeds

Poultry feeds are food materials used in raising poultry birds. Poultry is the second most widely eaten meat in the world, accounting for about 38% of the world meat. The diseases of poultry is like the disease of other animals. They may be caused by pathogenic organisms, nutritional deficiency and from wound. This study was designed and carried out to determine the load and species of fungi and bacteria contaminating poultry feeds. A total of 6 samples were collected from different feed types and source of feeds inside poultry farm and markets feeds. The isolates were identified according to their cultural, microscopic and biochemical properties to the following gram negative bacteria include Escherichia coli and Proteus spp and gram positive bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. The fungi includes Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp, Fusarium spp, Rhizopus spp, Mucor spp, and Cladosporium spp. It is concluded that poultry feeds, especially those inside farms are harbouring potential pathogenic bacteria and fungi loads that are far above the acceptable levels, thus constituting a public health hazard and necessitate the application of the standard measures for production of feeds by manufacturers and health authorities. Therefore, the study recommends that hygienic production of poultry feed is a public health issue, proper treatment of feed ingredients and application of hygienic measures such as HACCP, starting from harvesting of feed ingredients to the storage, processing of feeds, packaging, transporting and eventual marketing of the bagged feeds is need of the hour.
Research on Dynamic Modeling Method of Single Linkage Flexible Robotic Arm

In this paper, a dynamics modeling method is proposed for a single-link flexible robotic arm. Firstly, the dynamic equation of the flexible manipulator system is deduced by using the Lagrange equation, secondly, the nonlinear model of the single-link flexible robotic arm is obtained by separating the spatio-temporal variables using the assumed modes method, and the model is verified by the Quanser flexible robotic arm experimental platform. Finally, the model is modified for the dead zone of the actuator found in the experimental process, which improves the accuracy of the model.
Application of three sap flow techniques for Japanese cedar: attempting to estimate the characteristics of sap movement

Recently, the water balance of a stand of Japanese cedar has been made clear quantitatively by using eddy-covariance method and sap ﬂow technique in Kyushu Island, Japan al., Shimizu et al., Although Japanese cedar is one of the most representative planted species in Japan, few studies have been carried out except in Kyushu Island. The most common technique of sap ﬂow is thermal dissipation method (TDM, Granier, 1985) in Japan. Heat ratio method (HRM, Burgess et al., 2001) and heat ﬁeld deformation method (HFD, Nadezhdina et al., 2012) have been widely used among foreign countries, and advantages and disadvantages of these techniques were described (e.g., Vandegehuchte and Steppe, 2013). However, HRM and HFD have not been applied for Japanese cedar in Japan. In this study, we applied TDM, HRM and HFD for a tree of Japanese cedar, and carried out preliminary comparison among three techniques. Based on ﬁeld measurements, we attempted to estimate the sap ﬂow characteristics within the target tree by three techniques. We conducted measurements in a mature stand of Japanese cedar, whose age is 62, within Tsukuba sap ﬂux density within the target tree: three sensors inserted into different part of a stem in this study. We will present the results including these topics.
Blue Zircon from Ratanakiri, Cambodia

Zircon from Ratanakiri Province, north-eastern Cambodia, is well known in the gem trade for its vivid blue colour that results from heat treatment. The untreated brown material turns blue under reducing conditions at ~900–1,000°C. Ratanakiri zircon is characterised by remarkably low contents of trace elements. In particular, the actinides have low concentrations (e.g. approximately 120 ppm U and 95 ppm Th). Together with the very young age of the zircon (<1 million years [Ma]), this results in an extremely low self-irradiation dose, which in turn is in agreement with its non-radiation-damaged, nearly perfectly crystalline state. The heat treatment, therefore, does not result in detectable changes in the zircon’s structural state. The cause of the blue colour, presumably related to a valence change upon heating in the reducing environment, is still under debate. The absorption of the treated Ratanakiri zircon is decidedly different from that of blue U4+-doped and blue V4+-doped synthetic ZrSiO4. Absorption spectra show a strongly pleochroic band at 18,200– 13,000 cm–1 (corresponding to ~550–770 nm wavelength) that is clearly responsible for the treated blue colour; however, its assignment remains unresolved. The Journal of Gemmology, 36(2), 2018, pp. 112–132, http://dx.doi. org/10.15506/JoG.2018. 36.2. 112 © 2018 The Gemmological Association of Great Britain Figure 1: These zircons (10.45–20.51 ct) from Ratanakiri, Cambodia, show the attractive blue colouration of heat-treated material from this locality. Photo by Mark H. Smith, Thai Lanka Trading Ltd Part. , Bangkok, Thailand.
LCA screening of biofuels: iLUC, biomass manipulation and soil carbon

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Artificial Intelligence in early detection of Adverse Drug Reaction for Anti-psychotic drugs

Impact of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) is a major cause of concern with major economic and emotional consequences to different stakeholders like pharmaceutical companies, patients and even Governments. The development of new antipsychotic drugs is a long and extremely expensive process. The average development of Antipsychotic drugs is 7-10 years and costs millions of dollars to bring a new antipsychotic drug to market. One of the biggest challenges to this long and expensive frame is ADRs. Considering the conceptualization of the drug to its final delivery to patients is complex and time consuming, use of advanced technologies like Artificial Intelligence can be a game changer and a win-win situation for all stakeholders. This review article aims to highlight the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in discovery and development of antipsychotic drugs with focus on the “Pre-Clinical Research” phase.
Yield and nutritional value of permanent grassland forage under simulated rotational grazing

A cutting experiment was conducted to test the changes in botanical composition, yield and nutritional value of forage, obtained in conditions of simulated rotational spring grazing on permanent grassland. The experiment was carried out on permanent pasture in vicinity of Šabac, Serbia in 2015 included three cuttings as a simulated rotational spring grazing. The highest share of grasses was noted in the first cut and decreased in the second and third cut, with increased forbs participation, and relatively constant percentage of legumes. The highest dry matter (DM) yield was obtained for the first harvest, followed by the second cut, and the lowest forage production was determined for the third harvest, with only 11.04 and 17.42% of the first and second cut yield. There were not found the significant differences between cuts for herbage DM and crude protein content. Markedly lower value for non-protein N concentration (p<0.05) was determined in the third cut. The fiber content increased during the grazing season (p<0.05), with the highest value determined in the herbage obtained in the second cut. The highest energy values (p<0.05) had the herbage produced in the first cut (DM basis), wherein the lowest values were found in the forage from the second harvest. These results indicate that especially herbage yield of analyzed grassland as chemical composition and nutrition value are highly variable during the growing season. The accurately defined optimal period for using is necessary to provide the high-quality forage for grazing animals.
Real-Time Classification of Anxiety in Virtual Reality Therapy Using Biosensors and a Convolutional Neural Network

Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy is a method of cognitive behavioural therapy that aids in the treatment of anxiety disorders by making therapy practical and cost-efficient. It also allows for the seamless tailoring of the therapy by using objective, continuous feedback. This feedback can be obtained using biosensors to collect physiological information such as heart rate, electrodermal activity and frontal brain activity. As part of developing our objective feedback framework, we developed a Virtual Reality adaptation of the well-established emotional Stroop Colour–Word Task. We used this adaptation to differentiate three distinct levels of anxiety: no anxiety, mild anxiety and severe anxiety. We tested our environment on twenty-nine participants between the ages of eighteen and sixty-five. After analysing and validating this environment, we used it to create a dataset for further machine-learning classification of the assigned anxiety levels. To apply this information in real-time, all of our information was processed within Virtual Reality. Our Convolutional Neural Network was able to differentiate the anxiety levels with a 75% accuracy using leave-one-out cross-validation. This shows that our system can accurately differentiate between different anxiety levels.
Independent effects of early life adversity on social cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of early life adversity on cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia, with a focus on social cognition (SC). Methods Two groups of patients with schizophrenia were recruited and matched on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. One group consisted of 32 patients with a history of childhood trauma (SCZ-ct), and the other group consisted of 30 patients without a history of childhood trauma (SCZ-nct). In addition, 39 healthy controls without a history of childhood trauma (HC-nct) were also recruited. The intelligence of the three groups was assessed using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WAIS—RC) short version. The cognitive function evaluation was conducted using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), and early life adversity was measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ) and Bullying Scale for Adults (BSA). Results Patients with schizophrenia endosed significantly higher scores on the CTQ (F=67.61, p<0.001) and BSA (F=9.84, p<0.001) compared to the HC-nct. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and post-hoc analyses revealed that SCZ-ct (F=11.20, p<0.001) exhibited the most pronounced cognitive impairment among the three groups, as indicated in MCCB total scores and in the domain score of SC. CTQ exhibited a negative correlation with MCCB (r=-0.405, p< 0.001); SC was negatively correlated with physical abuse (PA) of CTQ (r=-0.271, p=0.030) and emotional abuse (EA) of BSA (r=-0.265, p=0.034) in the whole patient sample. Higher SC performance was significantly predicted by CT_total (Beta =-0.582, p<0.001, 95% CI -0.96-0.46), and years of education (Beta=0.260, p =0.014, 95% CI 0.20-1.75) in schizophrenia. Conclusions Besides familial trauma, schizophrenia patients appear to have a higher likelihood of experiencing bullying in their early life. These experiences seem to contribute significantly to their severe impairments in SC.
PEMETAAN INDEKS IKLIM EKSTRIM DI PROVINSI ACEH MENGGUNAKAN DATA TRMM DAN APHRODITE

Penelitian tentang perubahan iklim secara global yang dilakukan oleh IPCC menunjukan bahwa frekuensi dan intensitas kejadian iklim ekstrim cendrung semakin meningkat. Perubahan sifat iklim ekstrim akan memberikan dampak yang besar pada berbagai sektor, diantaranya sektor pertanian, perikanan, maritim, infrastruktur dan lainnya. Menurut data BNPB dari tahun 1984-2013 di Provinsi Aceh, telah tercatat bencana hidrometeorologi diantaranya banjir, angin kencang, longsor dan kekeringan. Bencana banjir tercatat sebanyak 264 kejadian, bencana tanah longsor sebanyak 39 kejadian, bencana angin kencang 85 kejadian dan bencana kekeringan sebanyak 68 kejadian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kecenderungan atau trend terjadinya iklim ekstrim di Provinsi Aceh dari data satelit TRMM dan APHRODITE dan disajikan dalam bentuk informasi spasial berupa peta. Data yang digunakan merupakan data grid yang dibagi menjadi 91 titik pengamatan di Provinsi Aceh. Unsur iklim yang digunakan terdiri dari curah hujan dan suhu udara selama periode 30 tahun yang diolah secara statistik menggunakan software RClimdex. Tahapan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah pengubahan data grid menjadi data text menggunakan GrADS, uji homogenitas data curah hujan dan suhu udara, perhitungan indeks iklim ekstrim selama 30 tahun dan penentuan trend indeks iklim ekstrim yang dilakukan pada software R. Dari 91 titik pengamatan yang tersebar di Provinsi Aceh secara keseluruhan hampir mengalami trend indeks iklim ekstrim. Indeks dry spell mengalami trend sebesar 42.9 %, indeks wet spell mengalami trend sebesar 51.6 %, indeks frekuensi hujan lebat mengalami trend sebesar 76.9 %, indeks suhu minimum terendah mengalami trend sebesar 68.1 %, dan indeks suhu maksimum tertinggi mengalami trend sebesar 78.0 %. Hasil perhitungan indeks iklim ekstrim disajikan dalam bentuk peta agar mudah untuk dipahami dan dapat sebagai bahan kesiapsiagaan masyarakat yang lebih baik terutama untuk mengantisipasi dampak yang akan ditimbulkan oleh kejadian-kejadian iklim ekstrim yang akan datang.
Centennial‐Scale SE Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Variability Over the Past 2,300 Years

Detailed temperature reconstructions over the past 2,000 years are important for contextualizing modern climate change. The midlatitude SE Pacific is a key region in this regard in terms of understanding the climatic linkages between the tropics and southern high latitudes. Multicentennial timescale temperature variability remains, however, poorly understood, due to a lack of long, high‐temporal‐resolution temperature records from this region and from the southern high latitudes in general. We present a unique alkenone sea surface temperature (SST) record from 44°S on the southern Chilean margin in the SE Pacific spanning the last 2,300 years at decadal resolution. The record displays relatively large changes including a cooling transition from 14 to 12.5 °C between 1,100 and 600 cal yr BP, in line with other Chile margin SST records and coeval with Antarctic cooling. This cooling is attributable to reduced Southern Ocean deep convection, driven by a late Holocene sea‐ice increase in the Weddell Sea associated with increased El‐Niño Southern Oscillation variability. Superimposed on the late Holocene cooling, we observe multicentennial timescale SST variability, including relatively cool SSTs (12.5 °C) from 950 to 500 cal yr BP, corresponding to the Medieval Climate Anomaly, and warmer SSTs (13 °C) from 500 to 200 cal yr BP, corresponding to the Little Ice Age. These oscillations may reflect either multicentennial internal variability of the Southern Ocean deep convection and/or multicentennial variability in the phasing of El‐Niño Southern Oscillation and Southern Annular Mode events.