Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies on Congestion Control Using Pricing in Wireless Local Area Networks

Along with the success of wireless local area networks (WLANs), large numbers of wireless access points (APs) are getting rapidly deployed all over the world by different businesses and homes. Especially in dense metropolitan areas, such as Tokyo, there is sufficient density of APs to achieve near-ubiquitous WLANs by sharing access amongst residents. However, most owners encrypt their networks to prevent the public from accessing them due to the increased traffic and security risk. Without a mechanism for a potential user to compensate the owner of the AP, the owner has no reason to accept the increased network traffic load and security risk that would come from allowing the public to access the network. Pricing could be used as an incentive mechanism to encourage self-interested AP owners to participate in a public wireless network. Congestion control is of great importance when the network capacity is insufficient. Specifically, users for wireless access services, tend to localize themselves in particular areas of the network for various reasons, such as the availability of favourable network connectivity, proximity to power outlets, or geographic constraints for applying services somewhere else. Furthermore, users located in overlapping cells, tend to scan all available channels and associate themselves to the AP that has the strongest Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). A key consequence of these behaviours is that the traffic load is often distributed unevenly amongst the APs, and the quality of service (QoS) cannot be guaranteed very well at heavily loaded APs. The hot-spot congestion problem can be alleviated by: (i) balancing the load amongst multiple APs via intelligently selecting the user-AP association; and (ii) introducing connection admission control (CAC) policy for each AP. From an economic point of view, an incoming user means a potential gain to the network revenue due to the improved resource utilization. On the other hand, the incoming user may cause congestion and degradation in QoS provided for the existing users. In case that the utility decreases below the price charged, an existing user may reject the price and leave, which in turn results in a loss to the network revenue. Therefore, congestion control should play an important role in both QoS provisioning and revenue maximization. This dissertation studies applying game theoretic techniques to modelling the pricing in conjunction with congestion control problems in WLANs. Three correlated studies with different iii
In Vitro Suppression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication by Measles Virus

ABSTRACT During the acute phase of measles, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected children have a transient, but dramatic, decrease in plasma HIV-1 RNA levels (W. J. Moss, J. J. Ryon, M. Monze, F. Cutts, T. C. Quinn, and D. E. Griffin, J. Infect. Dis. 185:1035-1042, 2002). To determine the mechanism(s) by which coinfection with measles virus (MV) decreases HIV-1 replication, we established an in vitro culture system that reproduces this effect. The addition of MV to CCR5- or CXCR4-tropic HIV-1-infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) decreased HIV-1 p24 antigen production in a dose-dependent manner. This decrease occurred with the addition of MV before or after HIV-1. The inhibition of HIV-1 p24 antigen production was decreased when UV-inactivated MV or virus-free supernatant fluid from MV-infected PBMCs was used. Inhibition was not due to increased production of chemokines known to block coreceptor usage by HIV-1, a decrease in the percentage of CD4+ T cells, or a decrease in chemokine receptor expression by CD4+ T cells. Viability of PBMCs was decreased only 10 to 20% by MV coinfection; however, lymphocyte proliferation was decreased by 60 to 90% and correlated with decreased production of p24 antigen. These studies showed that an in vitro system of coinfected PBMCs could be used to dissect the mechanism(s) by which MV suppresses HIV-1 replication in coinfected children and suggest that inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by MV may play a role in the suppression of HIV-1 p24 antigen production.
Active touch for robust perception under position uncertainty

In this paper, we propose that active perception will help attain autonomous robotics in unstructured environments by giving robust perception. We test this claim with a biomimetic fingertip that senses surface texture under a range of contact depths. We compare the performance of passive Bayesian perception with a novel approach for active perception that includes a sensorimotor loop for controlling sensor position. Passive perception at a single depth gave poor results, with just 0.2mm uncertainty impairing performance. Extending passive perception over a range of depths gave non-robust performance. Only active perception could give robust, accurate performance, with the sensorimotor feedback compensating the position uncertainty. We expect that these results will extend to other stimuli, so that active perception will offer a general approach to robust perception in unstructured environments.
validated with crystallization of membrane proteins Nanoliter microfluidic hybrid method for simultaneous screening and optimization

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Chopper Modulation Improves OTA Information Transmission

We have investigated information transmission in operational transconductance amplifiers (OTA) using chopper modulation. Previous work showed that the optimal frequency bandwidth for an OTA was much higher than typical operating frequencies. Here we analyze the information transfer rates for a folded cascode amplifier and a chopper modulated folded cascode amplifier using the principles of information theory. The frequency transfer characteristic and intrinsic physical noise source of each device is modeled using process dependent noise parameters and the waterfilling technique is applied to determine the capacity as well as information rates for low frequency signals. Simulations are experimentally verified using circuits fabricated in a commercially available 3-metal, 2-poly 0.5 mum CMOS process.
A conceptual model of tourist-wildlife interaction: The case for education as a management strategy

There are a wide variety of opportunities for people to interact with wildlife and the demand for these opportunities is growing rapidly. This range of opportunities can be viewed as a Spectrum of Tourist-Wildlife Interaction Opportunities (SoTWIO). Within this spectrum are both situations where tourists view captive wildlife in facilities such as zoos and circuses and ones where tourists interact with wildlife in the wild, for example, in national parks or the marine environment. There are a wide range of management regimes and structures which are used to control the interaction between tourists and wildlife, and these regimes can be categorised as physical, regulatory, economic and educational. Currently, the management of interaction is dominated by physical and regulatory strategies, but considerable potential exists to increase the role of education-based management strategies. The development of a conceptual model which clarifies the range of wildlife interaction opportunities and the management regimes used, and which specifies the outcomes desired, establishes a basis upon which the effectiveness of education can be tested.
Higher-Order Minimizers and Generalized (F,ρ)-Convexity in Nonsmooth Vector Optimization over Cones

In this paper, we introduce the concept of a (weak) minimizer of order k for a nonsmooth vector optimization problem over cones. Generalized classes of higher-order cone-nonsmooth (F, ρ)-convex functions are introduced and sufficient optimality results are proved involving these classes. Also, a unified dual is associated with the considered primal problem, and weak and strong duality results are established.
Does FACS perturb gene expression?

Fluorescence activated cell sorting is the technique most commonly used to separate primary mammary epithelial sub‐populations. Many studies incorporate this technique before analyzing gene expression within specific cellular lineages. However, to our knowledge, no one has examined the effects of fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) separation on short‐term transcriptional profiles. In this study, we isolated a heterogeneous mixture of cells from the mouse mammary gland. To determine the effects of the isolation and separation process on gene expression, we harvested RNA from the cells before enzymatic digestion, following enzymatic digestion, and following a mock FACS sort where the entire cohort of cells was retained. A strict protocol was followed to minimize disruption to the cells, and to ensure that no subpopulations were enriched or lost. Microarray analysis demonstrated that FACS causes minimal disruptions to gene expression patterns, but prior steps in the mammary cell isolation process are followed by upregulation of 18 miRNA's and rapid decreases in their predicted target transcripts. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Using an integrative approach to investigate the evolution of behaviour

Behaviour is a central focus of interest in biology because it has an impact on several aspects of an organism's life. Evolutionary biologists have realised the advantage of an integrative approach that jointly studies the molecular, cellular and physiological levels of an individual to link them with the organismal behavioural phenotype. First, this mechanistic information helps in understanding physiological and evolutionary constraints acting on the behavioural response to the environment and its evolution. Second, it furthers our understanding of the process of molecular convergent evolution. Finally, we learn about natural variation in molecular, cellular and physiological traits present in wild populations and their underlying genetic basis, which can be a substrate for selection to act on. I illustrate these points using our work on behaviour variation in fishes. The information on the mechanistic bases of behaviour variation in various species and behaviours will contribute to an ecological annotation of genes and to uncover new mechanisms implicated in how this astonishing behavioural diversity arose, is maintained and will evolve.
Differential phosphorylation of the gap junction protein connexin43 in junctional communication-competent and -deficient cell lines

Connexin43 is a member of the highly homologous connexin family of gap junction proteins. We have studied how connexin monomers are assembled into functional gap junction plaques by examining the biosynthesis of connexin43 in cell types that differ greatly in their ability to form functional gap junctions. Using a combination of metabolic radiolabeling and immunoprecipitation, we have shown that connexin43 is synthesized in gap junctional communication-competent cells as a 42-kD protein that is efficiently converted to a approximately 46-kD species (connexin43-P2) by the posttranslational addition of phosphate. Surprisingly, certain cell lines severely deficient in gap junctional communication and known cell-cell adhesion molecules (S180 and L929 cells) also expressed 42-kD connexin43. Connexin43 in these communication-deficient cell lines was not, however, phosphorylated to the P2 form. Conversion of S180 cells to a communication-competent phenotype by transfection with a cDNA encoding the cell-cell adhesion molecule L-CAM induced phosphorylation of connexin43 to the P2 form; conversely, blocking junctional communication in ordinarily communication-competent cells inhibited connexin43-P2 formation. Immunohistochemical localization studies indicated that only communication-competent cells accumulated connexin43 in visible gap junction plaques. Together, these results establish a strong correlation between the ability of cells to process connexin43 to the P2 form and to produce functional gap junctions. Connexin43 phosphorylation may therefore play a functional role in gap junction assembly and/or activity.
On experimenting refactoring tools to remove code smells

When we develop a software project of a certain complexity, source code maintainability could become a problem, in particular if developers do not use a consolidate development process that simplifies the management of the entire project. When source code becomes very complex, it is difficult for developers to share and modify it. We can improve internal software qualities such as reusability, maintainability and readability through refactoring. Refactoring can be applied to remove possible problems in the code, as code smells. Identifying code smells and removing them through refactoring results in better code maintainability, but it can be an overwhelming task. In this paper, we describe our experimentation on using four refactoring tools to remove code smells in four systems, with the aim to outline advantages and disadvantages of the tools with respect to the accomplishment of this task, and to identify the smells easier to be removed among the ones we considered in this paper.
Anode Surface Temperature Determination in High-Current Vacuum Arcs by Different Methods

The electrode surface temperatures of Cu–Cr butt electrodes exposed to vacuum arcs with sinusoidal currents of 10–20 kA and under external axial magnetic field were determined. Different experimental techniques were applied that can be distinguished by the used spectral wavelength range, their temporal, and spatial resolution. Near infrared spectroscopy was carried out by means of a fiber optic spectrometer working in the wavelength range from 900 to 1670 nm with a temporal resolution of 1–2 ms. Electrode surface temperatures after current zero were obtained from the relative shape of the spectrum using the Planck curve fitting procedure. Furthermore, electrode emissivities were derived after performing absolute calibration of the spectra. Pyrometric measurements were performed in the spectral range around 2 $\mu \text{m}$ with high temporal but without spatial resolution. 2-D distributions of the electrode temperature were obtained from high-speed video thermography using a camera with a metal interference filter at 890 nm.
Towards a framework for security analysis of multiple password schemes

In this paper, we provide a security analysis for generic authentication systems in which users have multiple passwords (or personal questions) and the system asks some of them to grant access. We analyze two schemes. In the first one, only one password is asked out of the password set of the user in order to access the system. In the second scheme, two passwords are asked to gain access to the system. We assume existence of an attacker who is capable to eavesdrop on the authentication channel and crack passwords with a certain probability. We derive analytical formulations for impersonation probabilities and compare the security provided by both schemes. The results of our analysis imply that asking more passwords for authentication does not necessarily mean a strengthened security; in fact it may carry a higher risk of impersonation as compared to asking less passwords when the passwords are aged.
Identification and Functional Inference for Tumor-Associated Long Non-Coding RNA

Gastric cancer is one of the top leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide especially in China. In recent years, some lncRNAs are discovered to be dysregulated in many cancers. The study on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) relationship with cancers has attracted increasing attention. The molecular mechanism of gastric cancer remains largely unclear factors, especially for lncRNAs. Experiments are feasible to obtain related information, however, experimental identification of cancer-related lncRNAs usually possesses high time complexity and high cost. In this paper, a computational method is proposed to determine the relationship between lncRNA and gastric cancer by reusing the exon-based array of gastric cancer. One specific lncRNAs LINC00365 and its target differentially expressed genes whose products are predicted as blood, urine, or salvia-excretory are identified to be candidates for a combined biomarker for gastric cancer. Further biological function and molecular mechanism of the gastric cancer related lncRNAs and coding gene biomarkers are inferred in terms of multi-source biological knowledge.
Graph database filtering using decision trees

Graphs are a powerful representation formalism for structural data. They are, however, very expensive from the computational point of view. In pattern recognition it is often necessary to match an unknown sample against a database of candidate patterns. In this process, however, the size of the database is introduced as an additional factor into the overall complexity of the matching process. To reduce the influence of that factor, an approach based on machine learning techniques is proposed in this paper. Graphs are represented using feature vectors. Based on these vectors a decision tree is built to index the database. The decision tree allows at runtime to eliminate a number of graphs from the database as possible matching candidates.
Energy-aware design space exploration of registerfile for extensible processors

This paper describes an energy-aware methodology that identifies custom instructions for critical code segments, given the available data bandwidth constraint between custom logic and a base processor. Our approach enables designers to optionally constrain the number of input and output operands for custom instructions to reach the acceptable performance considering the energy dissipation of the registerfile. We describe a design flow to identify promising area, performance, and power tradeoffs. We study the effect of custom instruction I/O constraints and registerfile input/output (I/O) ports on overall performance and energy usage of the registerfile. Our experiments show that, in most cases, the solutions with the highest performance are not identified with relaxed I/O constraints. Results for packet-processing benchmarks covering cryptography and lookup applications are shown, with speed-ups between 25% and 40%, and energy reduction between 20% and 30%.
Serum-free light-chain assay: clinical utility and limitations

In the last decade, the introduction of the serum-free light-chain (sFLC) assay has been an important advance in the diagnosis and management of plasma cell dyscrasias, particularly monoclonal light-chain diseases. The immunoassay was developed to detect free light chains in serum by using anti-FLC antibodies which specifically recognised epitopes on light chains that were ‘hidden’ in intact immunoglobulins. Since its introduction in 2001, there have been several publications in the English language literature discussing the clinical utility as well as analytical limitations of the sFLC assay. These studies have highlighted both positive and negative aspects of the assay particularly with regard to its sensitivity and specificity and the technical challenges that can affect its performance. The contribution and significance of the sFLC assay in the management of light-chain myeloma, primary amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis and non-secretory myeloma are well recognised and will be addressed in this review. The aim of this article is to also review the published literature with a view to providing a clear understanding of its utility and limitations in the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of plasma dyscrasias including intact immunoglobulin multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS). The increasing interest in using this assay in other haematological conditions will also be briefly discussed.
Dead-time Compensation Based on the Improved Space Vector Modulation Strategy for Matrix Converter

In the control of matrix converter, multi-step current commutation from one input phase to another needs dead-time for safe commutation, so like the dead-time effect in VSI, there is unwanted output voltage error occurred. In this paper, first, the widely used multi-step current commutation's procedure and the corresponding output voltage error under the space vector modulation (SVM) is analyzed, then, the scheme of dead-time compensation based on the improved SVM is proposed, the scheme compensates the output voltage error by correcting the space vector's duty time. The experimental results show that the scheme is not only available but also it add no hardware to the system, and it is easy to be fulfilled by the control system
Heterogeneous Database Integration in Biomedicine

The rapid expansion of biomedical knowledge, reduction in computing costs, and spread of internet access have created an ocean of electronic data. The decentralized nature of our scientific community and healthcare system, however, has resulted in a patchwork of diverse, or heterogeneous, database implementations, making access to and aggregation of data across databases very difficult. The database heterogeneity problem applies equally to clinical data describing individual patients and biological data characterizing our genome. Specifically, databases are highly heterogeneous with respect to the data models they employ, the data schemas they specify, the query languages they support, and the terminologies they recognize. Heterogeneous database systems attempt to unify disparate databases by providing uniform conceptual schemas that resolve representational heterogeneities, and by providing querying capabilities that aggregate and integrate distributed data. Research in this area has applied a variety of database and knowledge-based techniques, including semantic data modeling, ontology definition, query translation, query optimization, and terminology mapping. Existing systems have addressed heterogeneous database integration in the realms of molecular biology, hospital information systems, and application portability.
Optimized patch array antenna for 60 GHz wireless applications

The recently developed 60 GHz standard provides a 7 GHz license-free band around 60 GHz for high data-rate wireless communications at the rate of gigabits per second [1,2]. Due to huge interest in broadband Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) applications, a low cost, miniaturized and high performance radio technology at 60 GHz is on high demand. Antenna is a key element and several antennas have been introduced for an increasing number of applications [3–5]. Patch antennas are among the best candidates for implementing in mm-wave band due to their low profile and cost. In this paper, considering system requirements of an indoor wireless link to comply with IEEE 802.15. 3c and ECMA 60GHz standards, a 2×2 array of patch antennas has been optimized, fabricated and measured.