Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of ground heat flux to vegetation cover fraction and leaf area index

Two land-surface models that participated in the recent Project for Intercomparison of Land-Surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS, phase 2c) are used to investigate the sensitivity of the ground heat flux to the vegetation cover fraction and leaf area index (LAI). The two models are the Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) and the model developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP94). The impacts of including transmission of solar radiation through the canopy in the BATS model are also assessed. The ground heat flux is the energy residual of net radiation minus latent plus sensible heat fluxes at the soil surface (also referred to as the soil heat flux). However, the energy residual above the canopy was used as a surrogate for the ground heat flux by the two models in the PILPS 2c study. The two energy residuals (i.e., above the canopy and at the soil surface) can differ depending on the modeled time step, the order in which the canopy and soil temperatures are computed, and whether canopy heat storage is included or neglected. As expected, reducing the areal coverage of vegetation results in an increased daytime soil heat flux, and increasing LAI leads to decreased soil heat flux and greater above-canopy latent heat flux. Both models show a strong sensitivity to LAI when LAI is small and little sensitivity when LAI is large. Allowing transmission of solar radiation through the canopy in BATS reduces the sensible heat flux above the canopy and enhances all the flux terms at the soil surface, especially when LAI is low. This model behavior is similar to that from IAP94, which uses a two-stream radiation scheme. This modification to BATS also results in a soil heat flux that lies within estimated bounds for a wide range of LAI (0.5–5.5).
Molecular Detection of Plasmid-mediated colistin-resistance genes in Multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from human and poultry in Duhok city, Iraq

HE plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene mcr -types were formerly recognized as plasmid-mediated colistin mechanism among clinical and animal samples Escherichia coli from China and thereafter reported worldwide . The study investigated for screening of plasmid-mediated colistin and carbapenems resistant genes in Escherichia coli isolates from human and poultry origin. After isolation and identification of isolates from clinical specimens and poultry cloacal swab, disc diffusion and broth microdilution method were determined antibiotic susceptibility patterns, phenotypic Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase enzymes (ESBL)-production test and phenotypic colistin resistance. Molecular detection by PCR was applied to targeted carbapenems-resistance genes ( KPC-2 , OXA-48 and NDM-1) and colistin-resistant genes ( mcr-1, mcr-2 and mcr-3). The majority of isolates were higher resistance to commonly used antibiotic categories with Multi-Drug Resistance (63 %) and (93 %) of clinical and poultry E coli isolate, respectively. Using broth microdilution (16%) of isolates displayed phenotypic colistin resistance. Human isolates had higher NDM -1 gene (33.3%), while, higher OXA -48 gene (22.2%) was in poultry isolates, and no KPC -2 gene was identified. Only isolates from poultry contained the mcr -1 gene (27.7%) , while mcr -2 gene was present only in human isolates (4.7%) and mcr -3 gene in both human (33.3%) and poultry (22.2%) isolates. Negative mcr -1, 2, and 3 isolates expressed high rates of ESBL-production. The coexistence of (mcr -3 + NDM -1) was frequent, including 10 isolates, and one isolate carried ( mcr -2+ mcr -3+ NDM -1) combination from urine samples. Data of colistin resistance among clinical and poultry isolates in this region is scarce. Identification of colistin and carbapenems-resistance genes via plasmids among those isolates menace and approaches pan-resistance and failure treatment.
Cancer, now what? A cross-sectional study examining physical symptoms, subjective well-being, and psychological flexibility

ABSTRACT Background: The impact of cancer extends beyond treatment and evaluating the adverse psychological effects in survivors is important. We examined: (1) the relationship between diagnosis, relapse, and subjective well-being using a short and a holistic measure of well-being, including comparisons between our sample and established norms; (2) if reported physical symptoms were related to components of subjective well-being; and (3) if increased psychological flexibility predicted overall subjective well-being. Methods: In total, 316 survivors completed online questionnaires to assess cancer, physical health (Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale-R; ESAS-R), subjective well-being (Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving; CIT; Satisfaction with Life Scale; SWLS) and psychological flexibility (Comprehensive Assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy). Results: Relative to ESAS-R cut-points (Oldenmenger et al., 2013), participants reported only moderate levels of tiredness and slightly elevated drowsiness, depression, and anxiety; participants reported more problems with psychological health. SWLS scores were lower than published norms (M = 18.23, SD = 8.23) and a relapse was associated with the lowest SWLS scores (M = 16.95, SD = 7.72). There were differences in thriving between participants and age-matched norms (Su et al., 2014). Participants reported lower community involvement, respect, engagement with activities, skill mastery, sense of accomplishment, self-worth, self-efficacy, autonomy, purpose, optimism, subjective well-being, and positive emotions coupled with higher loneliness and negative emotions. In regression analysis, two components of psychological flexibility, Openness to Experience, t = 2.50, p < 0.13, β = −0.18, and Valued Action, t = 7.08, p < 0.001, β = −0.47, predicted 28.8% of the variability in total CIT scores, beyond the effects of demographic and disease characteristics and reported physical symptoms. Conclusion: Cancer is an isolating experience, with the adverse psychological effects that impact subjective well-being continuing after the cessation of physical symptoms. Specific components of psychological flexibility may explain some variability in thriving beyond disease characteristics and may inform psychological intervention after diagnosis.
Functional limitation and happiness among older adults: the multiple mediating role of intergenerational support and intergenerational relationship

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the functional limitation and happiness among Chinese older people and examined the multiple mediating effects of intergenerational support (instrumental support and financial support) and intergenerational relationship. Method Data was drawn from the Chinese Family Panel Survey (CFPS) 2018 and 2020. Structural equation modeling was adopted to analyze the association among functional limitations, intergenerational support, intergenerational relationship, and the older adults happiness. Results There was a significant association between the functional limitations and the lower happiness levels among the older adults. The instrumental support from adult children positively mediated the relationship between the functional limitation and the happiness. However, intergenerational relationships were reduced due to the dysfunction of the older adults, and played a negatively mediated role between the functional limitation and the happiness. In addition, instrumental and financial support play chain-mediating roles between functional limitation and happiness in older adults through intergenerational relationships. Conclusion Intergenerational relationships and instrumental support enhance the happiness of older adults with functional impairments, but their role is limited by the changing structure of modern families. Long-term care programs combined with the intergenerational support from families for people with functional impairments in old age would be more effective to reduce the burden on adult children and maintain the quality of life of the older adults.
A Mixed-Integer Linear Programming Approach to Deploying Base Stations and Repeaters

A novel integer linear programming (ILP) formulation of deploying base stations and repeaters to meet a target coverage of traffic points (TPs) with minimum cost is presented, where the number of discrete variables approximately equals the sum between the number of TPs and the number of backhaul links. The ILP is proved equivalent to a mixed-ILP (MILP) where the number of discrete variables is reduced by the number of TPs. Our MILP approach always yields optimal deployment solutions. A case study is presented to demonstrate the benefits of using repeaters based on the optimal solutions of the MILP.
The Spatial Distribution of 10 m Temperatures in the Antarctic Peninsula

Abstract Temperatures from 10 m bore holes have been analysed to determine the spatial variation of mean annual surface temperature over the Antarctic Peninsula. In general there is a decrease in temperature of 0.84 deg per degree latitude southwards combined with an altitude lapse rate of 0.68 deg per 100 m. There is a sharp divide between the continental type climate of the east coast and a maritime climate of the central and western regions. Temperatures are approximately 7 deg lower along the east coast compared with those at sites of a similar altitude and latitude on the west.
An investigation of inorganic ETL materials for carbon-based HTL-free perovskite solar cell

Nanomaterials and nanotechnology have a pivotal role in reducing the footprint of target devices in many fields, in particular electronics and optics. The design of solar cells for meeting energy needs has also been taking advantage of such advancements in nanotechnology. One of the emerging types of solar cells is perovskite solar cells, which are not only cheap but efficient as well. There has been a lot of progress made in their design based on materials and structure. The continuous endeavors for further reduction of the device cost for large-scale deployment have led to a Hole Transparent Layer (HTL)-free structure with carbon electrodes instead of noble metals, as the work function of carbon is close to that of gold. The device layers, including the absorber and Electron Transport Layer (ETL), hold fundamental importance for an HTL-free design where TiO2 has been a very common material for ETL in perovskite solar cells, but it offers low conductivity and is susceptible to photo-catalysis on exposure to UV light. Therefore, we have investigated different materials, including WS2 (BG: 1.8 eV), WO3 (BG: 2.6 eV), ZnSe (BG: 2.82 eV), ZnO (BG: 3.3 eV) for being suitable alternatives to TiO2 (BG: 3.2 eV) as an ETL material. The device structure follows the configuration FTO/ETL/IDL/CH3NH3PbI3/carbon. The optimization of different design parameters, including layer thicknesses, doping concertation, carrier mobility, diffusion length, and operating temperature, has been carried out. The device with ETL made of ZnSe yielded the best results as Jsc of 24.77 mA/cm2, Voc of 1.25 V, FF of 86.29%, and a PCE of 26.76% were obtained.
FREKA: Fast Resource Efficient Key Agreement Algorithm within Body Area Network

Body area network (BAN) considered a hot research topic and attracted many researchers due to its increasing applications. Providing light, fast and efficient key agreement algorithm to secure inters-sensor communications is critical challenge. In this paper, we present an enhanced algorithm that enables two sensors to use previous connection’s pre-knowledge to fast the later connections key agreement process. Our algorithm saves sensor’s resources, key agreement cycle’s time and preserves randomness of the key. Results imply the efficiency, applicability and security of FREKA. Compared with OPFKA algorithm, our algorithm achieves better power and memory consumption. In addition, it requires lower computational operations.
Late Quaternary changes in intermediate water oxygenation and oxygen minimum zone, northern Japan: A benthic foraminiferal perspective

[1] A strong oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) currently exists at upper intermediate water depths on the northern Japanese margin, NW Pacific. The OMZ results largely from a combination of high surface water productivity and poor ventilation of upper intermediate waters. We investigated late Quaternary history (last 34 kyr) of ocean floor oxygenation and the OMZ using quantitative changes in benthic foraminiferal assemblages in three sediment cores taken from the continental slope off Shimokita Peninsula and Tokachi, northern Japan, at water depths between 975 and 1363 m. These cores are well located within the present-day OMZ, a region of high surface water productivity, and in close proximity to the source region of North Pacific Intermediate Water. Late Quaternary benthic foraminiferal assemblages experienced major changes in response to changes in dissolved oxygen concentration in ocean floor sediments. Foraminiferal assemblages are interpreted to represent three main groups representing oxic, suboxic, and dysoxic conditions. Assemblage changes in all three cores and hence in bottom water oxygenation coincided with late Quaternary climatic episodes, similar to that known for the southern California margin. These episodes, in turn, are correlated with orbital and millennial climate episodes in the Greenland ice core including the last glacial episode, Bolling-Allerod (B/A), Younger Dryas, Preboreal (earliest Holocene), early Holocene, and late Holocene. The lowest oxygen conditions, marked by dysoxic taxa and laminated sediments in one core, occurred during the B/A and the Preboreal intervals. Suboxic taxa dominated mainly during the last glacial, the Younger Dryas, and most of the Holocene. Dysoxic conditions during the B/A and Preboreal intervals in this region were possibly caused by high surface water productivity at times of reduced intermediate ventilation in the northwestern Pacific. Remarkable similarities are evident in the late Quaternary sequence of benthic foraminiferal assemblage change between the two very distant continental margins of northern Japan and southern California. The oscillations in OMZ strength, reflected by these faunal changes, were widespread and apparently synchronous over wide areas of the North Pacific, reflecting broad changes in intermediate water ventilation and surface ocean productivity closely linked with late Quaternary climate change on millennial and orbital timescales.
Regional Thermal Radiation Characteristics of FY Satellite Remote Sensing Based on Big Data Analysis

It is of great significance to study the thermal radiation anomalies of earthquake swarms in the same area in terms of selecting abnormal characteristic determination parameters, optimizing and determining the processing model, and understanding the abnormal machine. In this paper, we investigated short-term and long-term thermal radiation anomalies induced by earthquake swarms in Iran and Pakistan between 2007 and 2016. The anomalies were extracted from infrared remote sensing black body temperature data from the China Geostationary Meteorological Satellites (FY-2C/2E/2F/2G) using the multiscale time-frequency relative power spectrum (MS T-FRPS) method. By analyzing and summarizing the thermal radiation anomalies of series earthquake groups with consistency law through a stable and reliable MS T-FRPS method, we first obtained the relationship between anomalies and ShakeMaps from USGS and proposed the anomaly regional indicator (ARI) to determine seismic anomalies and the magnitude decision factor (MDF) to determine seismic magnitude. In addition, we explored the following discussions: earthquake impact on regional thermal radiation background and the relationship between thermal anomalies and earthquake magnitude and the like. Future research directions using the MS T-FRPS method to characterize regional thermal radiation anomalies induced by strong earthquakes could help improve the accuracy of earthquake magnitude determination.
The Effects of Honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) Berry Iridoid-Anthocyanin Extract on the Intestinal and Muscle Histopathology in Mice during Experimental Trichinellosis

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of iridoid-anthocyanin extract from honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) (LC) berries on histopathological changes in the intestines and muscles during experimental trichinellosis in mice. The LC extract was administered to uninfected mice (LC group) and Trichinella-spiralis-infected mice (T+LC) orally at a dose of 2 g/kg bw, six times at 24 h intervals, from day 3 prior to infection to day 3 post-infection (dpi). Jejunum samples were collected on 5, 7, 14, and 21 dpi, and their histological assessment involved the villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH/CD), goblet cell (GC) number, and morphological changes. In the T. spiralis-infected muscles, the extent of inflammatory infiltration on the 14th and 21st dpi was assessed. LC in the infected mice restored the VH/CD ratio to control values on 14 dpi. A beneficial effect of the LC extract on the villus height was also observed 14 dpi in the LC and T+LC groups. No differences in the extent of inflammatory infiltration in the muscles between the T+LC and T groups were observed. In conclusion, the iridoid-anthocyanin extract from honeysuckle berry contributed to alleviating the symptoms of the intestinal phase of T. spiralis infection.
Recent advances in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of AgIn5S8‐based photocatalysts

The development of semiconductor photocatalysts is of great significance for the realization of efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE). AgIn5S8, as an emerging ternary metal sulfide photocatalyst, possesses the advantages of suitable bandgap (1.7–2.0 eV), environment‐friendly elements, and strong photostability, which holds great potential to realize high‐efficiency PHE. Although AgIn5S8‐based photocatalysts have achieved promising research progresses, their PHE performances are still far below the level of commercial applications. In this review, the basic semiconductor properties of AgIn5S8 and PHE mechanism are first introduced in detail. Subsequently, the development process and PHE activities of AgIn5S8‐based photocatalysts are systematically summarized, mainly including morphology control, Schottky junction formation through cocatalyst loading, and construction of different types of heterojunctions. Finally, the current issues and the possible solutions of AgIn5S8‐based photocatalysts in future studies are presented.
Framework for In-Memory Computing Based on Memristor and Memcapacitor for On-Chip Training

Memristive crossbar arrays have gained considerable attention from researchers to perform analog in-memory vector-matrix multiplications in machine learning accelerators with low power and constant computational time. This work introduces a comprehensive framework for co-designing the software and hardware for deep neural networks (DNN) based on memristive and memcapacitive crossbars while considering various non-idealities. The model takes into account device-level factors, including conductance variation, cycle-to-cycle variation, device-to-device variation, peripheral circuits for error/weight gradient computation, and high tolerance. The overall neural network performance is thoroughly assessed by integrating these elements into a unified DNN training process. The proposed framework is implemented using a hybrid approach with Python and PyTorch. Performance evaluation was conducted using a simplified 8-layer VGG network on a measured $128\times 128$ array with weight resolution. Remarkably, the memristive and memcapacitive crossbar arrays achieved outstanding training accuracies of 90.02% and 91.03%, respectively, for the CIFAR-10 dataset. Additionally, detailed hardware estimation for both mem-elements devices is provided, enabling meaningful comparisons with prior works.
Anisotropic scattering and travel time delay analysis in Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, earthquake coda waves

We study the S wave coda of microearthquake multiplets (earthquakes showing similar seismograms) recorded on the Kilauea volcano, and we analyze the direction of emission for wavelets composing the coda. Our data set consists of 71 small magnitude, well-relocated, clustered events that occurred in an area of about 1 km2 in the southern flank of Kilauea, recorded at hypocentral distances of 10 to 20 km. For each station, we apply a cross-spectral moving-window technique to each pair of multiplet records to estimate the travel time delays due to source location offsets. These delays are computed for consecutive windows, starting at the P wave arrival time and ending at 4 times the S wave travel time. They are next used to estimate the slowness vector for each window along the seismograms. Our analysis shows (1) that scattered waves are emitted anisotropically along some preferred directions as late as 4 times the S wave travel time, and (2) that for some stations, the azimuthal plane rotates during the seismogram with a clear travel time delay signature. Our analysis shows that travel time delay variation in the coda can be purely due to geometrical propagation effects. This conclusion is of special interest when trying to use travel time delays to infer temporal changes in the crust. Our results do not support a coda diffracted isotropically in the crust, in the magnitude range and at the hypocentral distances we investigated.
Proposed Model for Opinion Mining in Arabic Social Media Networks

Many research classified opinions into positive and negative with ignoring the neutral classes. Ignoring neutral classes in opinion mining had shown to be an inaccurate practice. Therefore, some previous studies recommended increasing this third class in future works to get better performance and higher accuracy. This work aims to investigate the social opinion mining in regards to Arabic Twitters. It uses neutral training examples in learning because it enables a better division between positive and negative examples, improve pre-processing stage for Arabic language because Arabic language itself is a big challenge, and develop a model for opinion mining in Arabic social media networks. The proposed model was established using a number of classifiers to classify tweets. It is built based on using machine learning on collected data from Twitter to classify tweets on two levels. In the first level, the tweets were organized into positive and negative. In the second, the neutral samples were used in the classification process to distinguish between positive and negative samples. Text pre-processing is the key factor to the sentiment analysis and classification, especially for highly complicated languages (with rich morphology) such as the Arabic language. When the tweets have various approaches of pre-processing, the results showed dissimilar levels of accuracy and also showed the importance of using neutral training examples to facilitate learning. Different experiments had been conducted, using 2,000 identified tweets (1000 positive tweets and 1000 negative ones) on different subjects matters. According to the outcomes from these experiments, the proposed model shows an enhancement in the classification results comparing with some previous works