Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis function in schizophrenia: implications for mortality

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of risperidone and olanzapine in schizophrenic patients with intolerant extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) on first generation antipsychotics. We conducted an 8-week, rater-blinded, flexible dose study. Seventy patients with schizophrenia, who met the DSM-IV research criteria of having neuroleptic-induced acute dystonia or parkinsonism, were randomly assigned to risperidone or olanzapine group. The primary outcome was a comparison of the incidence of concomitant anticholinergic drugs usage between the groups to manage their acute dystonia and parkinsonism. The average doses of risperidone and olanzapine from baseline to study end point were 1.8—3.5 mg/day and 7.7—11.7 mg/day, respectively. There were no significant differences in demographic data, severity of EPS or psychotic symptoms between the groups at baseline assessment. Patients taking risperidone had significantly higher incidence of using anticholinergic drugs to manage acute dystonia or parkinsonism overall during the study (OR = 5.17, 95%CI = 1.49—17.88, P = 0.013). There was no significant between-group difference in the changing of rating scales of EPS and psychotic symptoms. The results of our study favour olanzapine as a better choice in schizophrenic patients with intolerant EPS. Double-blinded, fixed dose and different ethnical study for EPS-intolerant schizophrenic patients is needed to confirm the results of our study.
Pyrogallol inhibits the growth of human pulmonary adenocarcinoma A549 cells by arresting cell cycle and triggering apoptosis

Pyrogallol (PG) is a polyphenol compound and has been known to be an O 2•− generator. We evaluated the effects of PG on the growth of human pulmonary A549 cells in relation to the cell cycle and apoptosis. Treatment with 50 or 100 μM PG significantly inhibited the cell growth of A549 for 72 h. DNA flow cytometric analysis indicated that PG slightly induced a G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle at 24 or 48 h, but did not induce the specific cell cycle arrest at 72 h. Intracellular GSH depletion was observed in PG‐treated cells. PG induced apoptosis in A549 cells, as evidenced by sub‐G1 cells, annexin V staining cells, and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δ Ψm). The intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) level including O 2•− increased in PG‐treated A549 cells at 24 and 48 h, and persisted at 72 h. The changes in GSH as well as ROS levels by PG affected the cell viability in A549 cells. In conclusion, PG inhibited the growth of human pulmonary A549 cells by inducing cell cycle arrest as well as triggering apoptosis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:36–42, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20263
Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Splicing from Pro-angiogenic to Anti-angiogenic Isoforms

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is produced either as a pro-angiogenic or anti-angiogenic protein depending upon splice site choice in the terminal, eighth exon. Proximal splice site selection (PSS) in exon 8 generates pro-angiogenic isoforms such as VEGF165, and distal splice site selection (DSS) results in anti-angiogenic isoforms such as VEGF165b. Cellular decisions on splice site selection depend upon the activity of RNA-binding splice factors, such as ASF/SF2, which have previously been shown to regulate VEGF splice site choice. To determine the mechanism by which the pro-angiogenic splice site choice is mediated, we investigated the effect of inhibition of ASF/SF2 phosphorylation by SR protein kinases (SRPK1/2) on splice site choice in epithelial cells and in in vivo angiogenesis models. Epithelial cells treated with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) increased PSS and produced more VEGF165 and less VEGF165b. This down-regulation of DSS and increased PSS was blocked by protein kinase C inhibition and SRPK1/2 inhibition. IGF-1 treatment resulted in nuclear localization of ASF/SF2, which was blocked by SPRK1/2 inhibition. Pull-down assay and RNA immunoprecipitation using VEGF mRNA sequences identified an 11-nucleotide sequence required for ASF/SF2 binding. Injection of an SRPK1/2 inhibitor reduced angiogenesis in a mouse model of retinal neovascularization, suggesting that regulation of alternative splicing could be a potential therapeutic strategy in angiogenic pathologies.
Synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4/graphene oxide nanocomposites and their tribological properties under magnetic field

Nano and composite materials have received extensive research interest for improving tribological properties. In the present study, magnetic iron oxide/graphene oxide (Fe3O4/GO) nanocomposites were prepared by a simple and effective chemical co-precipitation method. The iron ions were generated and adsorbed onto the surface of GO in basic solution, followed by nucleation and growth of nanoparticles. The magnetic and structural properties of composites were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray powder diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Tribological properties of nanocomposites and pure Fe3O4 nanoparticles were evaluated using a ball-plate tribotester. It was found that the nanoparticles and composites improved friction and wear performances with magnetic field. The test results reveal that an increase in the concentration of GO in nanocomposites, the friction coefficient decreased significantly, the maximum reduction by 35.5% compared with pure Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The enhanced tribological performances of the nanocomposites can be explained by the combination of GO and magnetic nanoparticles.
Critical Assessment of QSAR Models of Environmental Toxicity against Tetrahymena pyriformis: Focusing on Applicability Domain and Overfitting by Variable Selection

The estimation of the accuracy of predictions is a critical problem in QSAR modeling. The "distance to model" can be defined as a metric that defines the similarity between the training set molecules and the test set compound for the given property in the context of a specific model. It could be expressed in many different ways, e.g., using Tanimoto coefficient, leverage, correlation in space of models, etc. In this paper we have used mixtures of Gaussian distributions as well as statistical tests to evaluate six types of distances to models with respect to their ability to discriminate compounds with small and large prediction errors. The analysis was performed for twelve QSAR models of aqueous toxicity against T. pyriformis obtained with different machine-learning methods and various types of descriptors. The distances to model based on standard deviation of predicted toxicity calculated from the ensemble of models afforded the best results. This distance also successfully discriminated molecules with low and large prediction errors for a mechanism-based model developed using log P and the Maximum Acceptor Superdelocalizability descriptors. Thus, the distance to model metric could also be used to augment mechanistic QSAR models by estimating their prediction errors. Moreover, the accuracy of prediction is mainly determined by the training set data distribution in the chemistry and activity spaces but not by QSAR approaches used to develop the models. We have shown that incorrect validation of a model may result in the wrong estimation of its performance and suggested how this problem could be circumvented. The toxicity of 3182 and 48774 molecules from the EPA High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program and EINECS (European chemical Substances Information System), respectively, was predicted, and the accuracy of prediction was estimated. The developed models are available online at http://www.qspr. org site.
Scaling up indicator-based MOEAs by approximating the least hypervolume contributor: a preliminary study

It is known that the performance of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) in general deteriorates with increasing number of objectives. For few objectives, MOEAs relying on the contributing hypervolume as (second-level) sorting criterion are the methods of choice. These include the multi-objective covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (MO-CMA-ES, [10, 11, 14, 16]) the SMS-EMOA [5], and variants of the indicator-based evolutionary algorithm (IBEA, [18]). However, the computational complexity of calculating the contributing hypervolume prevents the broad application of these powerful MOEAs to objective functions with many (say, more than 4) objectives. Recently, a Monte-Carlo algorithm for approximately determining the least hypervolume contributor of a given
Physical Activity in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Preliminary Results of the Italian Project

Background/Aims: The role of physical activity in transplanted patients is often underestimated. We discuss the Italian National Transplant Centre experience, which started in 2008 studying transplanted patients involved in sports activities. The study was then developed through a model of cooperation between surgeons, sports physicians and exercise specialists. Methods: A multicentre study was realized in 120 transplanted patients of which 60 treated with supervised physical activity (three sessions/week of aerobic and strengthening exercises) and 60 controls. We present the results of the first 26 patients (16 males, 10 females; 47.8±10.0 years; 21 kidney, 5 liver transplanted; time from transplant 2.3±1.4 years) who completed 12 months of supervised physical activity. Results: Data showed an increase of peak aerobic power (t=4.535; P<0.01) and maximum workload (t=4.665; P<0.01) in the incremental cycling test. Maximum strength of knee extensors (t=2.933; P<0.05) and elbow flexors (t=2.450; P<0.05), and the power of lower limb (t=2.303; P<0.05) significantly increases. Health Related Quality of Life showed a significant improvement. Serum creatinine (1.4±0.5 vs 1.3±0.4 mg/dL) and proteinuria (0.10±0.14 vs 0.08±0.08 gr/dL) were stable. Conclusion: These preliminary results confirm the positive effects of supervised physical exercise. It can be considered as an input to promote other detailed exercise protocols.
Transcriptional characteristics of CD4+ T cells in multiple sclerosis: Relative lack of suppressive populations in blood

Background:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is hypothetically caused by autoreactive Th1 and Th17 cells, whereas Th2 and regulatory T cells may confer protection. The development of Th subpopulations is dependant on the expression of lineage-specific transcription factors. Objective:The aim of this study was to assess the balance of CD4+T cell populations in relapsing-remitting MS. Methods:Blood mRNA expression of TBX21, GATA3, RORC, FOXP3 and EBI3 was assessed in 33 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 20 healthy controls. In addition, flow cytometry was performed to assess T lymphocyte numbers. Results:In relapsing-remitting MS, diminished expression of FOXP3 (Treg) was found (p < 0.05), despite normal numbers of CD4+CD25hiTreg. Immunoregulatory EBI3 and Th2-associated GATA3 ([a-z]+) was also decreased in MS (p < 0.005 and p < 0.05, respectively). Expression of TBX21 (Th1) and RORC (Th17) did not differ between patients and controls. Similar changes were observed when analysing beta-interferon treated (n = 12) or untreated (n = 21) patients. Analysis of transcription factor ratios, comparing TBX21/GATA3 and RORC/FOXP3, revealed an increase in the RORC/FOXP3 ratio in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (p < 0.005). Conclusion:Our findings indicate systemic defects at the mRNA level, involving downregulation of beneficial CD4+phenotypes. This might play a role in disease development by permitting activation of harmful T cell populations.
On Languages Generated by Cell-Like Spiking Neural P Systems

Cell-like spiking neural P systems are a variant of standard spiking neural P systems, which have a cell-like instead of neural-like architecture. It has been proved that cell-like spiking neural P systems can generate Turing computable sets of numbers. In this work, the computational power of cell-like spiking neural P systems as language generators is investigated. Characterization of finite languages is obtained with cell-like spiking neural P systems when the number of spikes produced is less than the number of spikes consumed, and characterization of recursively enumerable languages is obtained by cell-like spiking neural P systems when there is no restriction on the number of produced spikes. The relationships of the languages generated by cell-like spiking neural P systems with regular, non-context-free and non-semilinear languages are also investigated.
Housefly Larva Vermicomposting Efficiently Attenuates Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Swine Manure, with Concomitant Bacterial Population Changes

ABSTRACT Manure from swine treated with antimicrobials as feed additives is a major source for the expansion of the antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) reservoir in the environment. Vermicomposting via housefly larvae (Musca domestica) can be efficiently used to treat manure and regenerate biofertilizer, but few studies have investigated its effect on ARG attenuation. Here, we tracked the abundances of 9 ARGs and the composition and structure of the bacterial communities in manure samples across 6 days of full-scale manure vermicomposting. On day 6, the abundances of genes encoding tetracycline resistance [tet(M), tet(O), tet(Q), and tet(W)] were reduced (P < 0.05), while those of genes encoding sulfonamide resistance (sul1 and sul2) were increased (P < 0.05) when normalized to 16S rRNA. The abundances of tetracycline resistance genes were correlated (P < 0.05) with the changing concentrations of tetracyclines in the manure. The overall diversity and richness of the bacteria significantly decreased during vermicomposting, accompanied by a 100 times increase in the relative abundance of Flavobacteriaceae spp. Variations in the abundances of ARGs were correlated with the changing microbial community structure and the relative abundances of the family Ruminococcaceae, class Bacilli, or phylum Proteobacteria. Vermicomposting, as a waste management practice, can reduce the overall abundance of ARGs. More research is warranted to assess the use of this waste management practice as a measure to attenuate the dissemination of antimicrobial residues and ARGs from livestock production before vermicompost can be safely used as biofertilizer in agroecosystems.
An Inexpensive, Portable Device for Point‐of‐Need Generation of Silver‐Nanoparticle Doped Cellulose Acetate Nanofibers for Advanced Wound Dressing

This short communication describes the design and assembly of a new, miniaturized electrospinner to produce nanofibers at the site of need for drug delivery and wound dressing applications. The portable apparatus would eliminate the storage and transportation concerns with regards to the delicate nature of drug‐loaded nanofibers, thereby preserving product integrity at the site of use. Furthermore, the setup features a smaller size, a cheaper price, and components that are readily obtainable off‐the‐shelf, compared to those of available devices that are custom‐built and more expensive, making it desirable and accessible for other users in the field. As a proof‐of‐concept for wound care, the device is successfully used to electrospin three types of nanofibers comprised of pure cellulose acetate (CA), and CA respectively doped with 0.75 and 1.5 wt% silver nanoparticles. The miniaturized device is useful on account of the popularity of electrospinning as well as the potential to minimize wound infection due to the reduced manipulation of both the dressing and the wound from product generation to the point of need. Work is in progress to further develop the portable device and compare its product performance with traditional wound dressing materials for clinical translation.
Seed storage proteins and approaches for improvement of their nutritional quality by genetic engineering.

Seed storage proteins of grain crops meet the major dietary protein requirement of over half of the world population. However, seed proteins in general are deficient in some essential amino acids and hence are of poor nutritional quality. Therefore, intensive research is going on to isolate and characterize these proteins and their genes, and to produce transgenic crop plants with modified seed protein genes, with a view to improving their nutritive value as human food and animal feed. Many seed storage protein genes from cereals, legumes and oil seeds have been isolated, sequenced and their regulation has been studied by promoter deletion assay in transgenic plants. The amino acid composition of seed proteins of some transgenic crops has been marginally improved by modifying these genes for more methionine and lysine codons by sitedirected mutagenesis or by introducing heterologous genes. The synthesis, processing and targeting of the introduced gene products and their stable expression in successive generations of transgenic plants have also been studied. The potentiality of such genetic engineering approaches has been amply demonstrated. But problems of control over copy number and site of integration of the foreign gene and the position effect of the changes in the amino acid in the polypeptide chain on the final level of expression and deposition of the correctly processed storage protein remains unsolved. More basic research is needed before large-scale application of this approach for improvement of nutritional quality of seed proteins becomes possible.
A Grayscale Reader for Camera Images of Xerox DataGlyphs

Xerox DataGlyph technology is a 2-D matrix barcode encoding which com- bines relatively high data density with an error correction scheme and an unobtrusive format. Some of the more exciting applications proposed for this technology involve the decoding of unconstrained camera images of DataGlyphs. This paper details a set of grayscale methods including steered gradient filters and the Radon transform which can decode many uncon- strained camera images. This method has been successfully tested on nearly camera images with very good results. Flowport™ and is an active area of development 1. This paper describes robust methods of decoding DataGlyphs from images taken by a hand-heldcamera or webcam, extending the range of applications for which DataGlyphs can be used. Thisintroductionexplainsindetail the DataGlyphformatand theuniquechallengesof decoding camera images of DataGlyphs. The paper then describes the proposed decoder and the methods used in it. Results of the new decoder are compared with a binarization and correlation-based method, followed by the paper's conclusions
Cross-language Clone Detection

Code duplication is a common software development practice that introduces several similar or identical segments of code, or code clones. In addition, there is currently a trend towards the use of multiple languages in the development of software systems. While there has been much work on clone detection and increased interest in studies of multi-language software systems, there have been no studies of code clones that span multiple languages, which we term cross-language code clones. In this paper we describe an approach for cross-language clone detection. We then introduce a tool, which is based on the CodeDOM library that is included with the Microsoft . NET Framework, to demonstrate the existence of cross-language clones in a real software system that contains both C# and Visual Basic.NET source code. Because our clone detection algorithm operates on a tree structure, other tree-based clone detection algorithms could be substituted in the implementation of our tool.
Review: Translational GTPases

Translational GTPases (trGTPases) play key roles in facilitating protein synthesis on the ribosome. Despite the high degree of evolutionary conservation in the sequences of their GTP‐binding domains, the rates of GTP hydrolysis and nucleotide exchange vary broadly between different trGTPases. EF‐Tu, one of the best‐characterized model G proteins, evolved an exceptionally rapid and tightly regulated GTPase activity, which ensures rapid and accurate incorporation of amino acids into the nascent chain. Other trGTPases instead use the energy of GTP hydrolysis to promote movement or to ensure the forward commitment of translation reactions. Recent data suggest the GTPase mechanism of EF‐Tu and provide an insight in the catalysis of GTP hydrolysis by its unusual activator, the ribosome. Here we summarize these advances in understanding the functional cycle and the regulation of trGTPases, stimulated by the elucidation of their structures on the ribosome and the progress in dissecting the reaction mechanism of GTPases. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 463–475, 2016.
Differentiated Reliable Routing in Hybrid Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

In hybrid vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), roadside units (RSUs) are more powerful and robust than onboard units (OBUs) equipped on vehicles, which can exchange information and synchronize with other RSUs quickly. Due to the fast mobility of vehicles, wireless links in VANETs are particularly vulnerable to failure. Therefore, it is necessary to provide redundancy in terms of provision multiple link-disjoint paths between source and destination. In addition, VANETs support multiple applications, such as road safety applications and commercial applications, which may require different reliabilities. Accordingly, it is important to discover different number of link-disjoint paths for different applications. In this paper, we propose two notions, virtual equivalent node and differentiated reliable path, and develop an on-demand differentiated reliable routing (DRR) protocol for hybrid VANETs. Extensive simulations show that DRR is beneficial to reduce blocking probability and to maintain lower control overhead while providing differentiated services.
An Effective Combination of Different Order N-grams

In this paper an approach is proposed to combine different order N-grams based on the discriminative estimation criterion, on which the parameters of n-gram can be optimized. To raise the power of modeling language information, we propose several schemes to combine conventional different order n-gram language model. We employ Newton Gradient method to estimate the assumption probabilities and then test the optimally selected language model. We conduct experiments on the platform of conversion from Chinese pinyin to Chinese character. The experimental results show that the memory capacity of language model can be remarkably lowered with hide loss of accuracy.
Design automation and design space exploration for quantum computers

A major hurdle to the deployment of quantum linear systems algorithms and recent quantum simulation algorithms lies in the difficulty to find inexpensive reversible circuits for arithmetic using existing hand coded methods. Motivated by recent advances in reversible logic synthesis, we synthesize arithmetic circuits using classical design automation flows and tools. The combination of classical and reversible logic synthesis enables the automatic design of large components in reversible logic starting from well-known hardware description languages such as Verilog. As a prototype example for our approach we automatically generate high quality networks for the reciprocal 1/x, which is necessary for quantum linear systems algorithms.
Color Regeneration from Reflective Color Sensor Using an Artificial Intelligent Technique

A low-cost optical sensor based on reflective color sensing is presented. Artificial neural network models are used to improve the color regeneration from the sensor signals. Analog voltages of the sensor are successfully converted to RGB colors. The artificial intelligent models presented in this work enable color regeneration from analog outputs of the color sensor. Besides, inverse modeling supported by an intelligent technique enables the sensor probe for use of a colorimetric sensor that relates color changes to analog voltages.