Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative phylogeographic summary statistics for testing simultaneous vicariance

Testing for simultaneous vicariance across comparative phylogeographic data sets is a notoriously difficult problem hindered by mutational variance, the coalescent variance, and variability across pairs of sister taxa in parameters that affect genetic divergence. We simulate vicariance to characterize the behaviour of several commonly used summary statistics across a range of divergence times, and to characterize this behaviour in comparative phylogeographic datasets having multiple taxon‐pairs. We found Tajima's D to be relatively uncorrelated with other summary statistics across divergence times, and using simple hypothesis testing of simultaneous vicariance given variable population sizes, we counter‐intuitively found that the variance across taxon pairs in Nei and Li's net nucleotide divergence (πnet), a common measure of population divergence, is often inferior to using the variance in Tajima's D across taxon pairs as a test statistic to distinguish ancient simultaneous vicariance from variable vicariance histories. The opposite and more intuitive pattern is found for testing more recent simultaneous vicariance, and overall we found that depending on the timing of vicariance, one of these two test statistics can achieve high statistical power for rejecting simultaneous vicariance, given a reasonable number of intron loci (> 5 loci, 400 bp) and a range of conditions. These results suggest that components of these two composite summary statistics should be used in future simulation‐based methods which can simultaneously use a pool of summary statistics to test comparative the phylogeographic hypotheses we consider here.
RSM and VSM: Two New Routing Protocols for Underwater WSNs

Due to unique characteristics of underwater environment, it is difficult to achieve energy efficiency, high throughput and low bit error rate. Radio signals do not propagate well in underwater environment so acoustic signals are used for communication. Acoustic signals offer low bandwidth, high bit error rate, low throughput and high end-to-end delay. Data packets often loose their path which effect throughput. To increase throughput, we proposed two schemes i.e. Regional Sink Mobility (RSM) and Vertical Sink Mobility (VSM). Sensor node does not need to have information of all other nodes. It only needs information of nodes closer to it. In RSM, we divide whole network into three regions of equal size. There is a mobile sink in each region. Sensor nodes either send data packets directly to sink or through neighbors if sink is in transmission range of any neighbor. In VSM, complete field is divided into ten equal sized regions. There are three mobile sinks. Data transmission mechanism is same as of RSM. At the end, extensive simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of proposed schemes.
Parsing Techniques for Lexicalized Context-Free Grammars

In recent years, much of the parsing literature has focused on so-called lexicalized grammars, that is grammars in which each individual rule is specialized for one or more lexical items. Formalisms of this sort include dependency grammar [ 13], lexicalized tree-adjoining grammar [ 17], link gram­ mar [20], head-driven phrase-structure grammar [ 14], tree insertion grammar [ 18], combinatorial cat­ egorial grammar [2 1] and bilexical grammar [7]. Probabilistic lexicalized grammars have also been exploited in state-of-the-art, real-world parsers, as reported in [ 1 1], [ 1], [6], [2], [4], and [9]. Other parsers or language models for speech recognition that do not directly exploit a generative grammar, still are heavily based on lexicalization, as for instance the systems presented in [ 10], [ 12], [ 15] and [3]. The wide diffusion of lexicalized grammars is mainly due to the capability of these formalisms to control syntactic acceptability, when this is sensitive to individual words in the language, and word selection, accounting for genuinely lexical factors as well as semantic and world k nowledge conditions. More precisely, lexicalized grammars can select the complements and modifiers that a constituent can take, on the basis of special words playing a particularly informative role within the given constituent and the given complements and modifiers. These special words are typically identified with the lexical head and co-heads of a constituent, where with the term co-head of a constituent A we denote a lexical head of any of the subconstituents of A. To give a simple example {from [8]), the word convene requires an NP object to form a VP, but some NPs are more lexically or semantically appropriate than others, and the appropriateness depends largely on the NP 's head, e.g., the word meeting vs. the word party. In this way, the grammar is able to make stipulations on the acceptability of input sentences like Nora convened the meeting and Nora convened the party. This was not satisfactorily captured by earlier formalisms that did not make use of lexicalization mechanisms. See [5] for further discussion. W ithin the parsing community, and in the speech community as well, a considerable resea.rch effort has been devoted to the important problem of defining statistical parameters associated with lexi­ calized grammars, and to the problem of the specification of algorithms for the statistical estimation of these parameters. In contrast, not much has been done with respect to the sentence processing problem. Most of the above mentioned systems parse input strings using naive adaptations of existing algorithms developed for the unlexicalized version of the adopted formalism, possibly in combina-
Target searching method in the chaotic UAV

In this paper, we propose a method to target searching method that have unstable limit cycles in a chaos trajectory surface. We assume all targets in the chaos trajectory surface have a Van der Pol equation with an unstable limit cycle. When a chaos UAV meet the target on trajectories of the Arnold equation, Chua's equation, the target absorbs the UAV. We also show computer simulation results of Arnold equation, Chua's equation trajectories with one or more Van der Pol as targets. We proposed and verified the results of the method to make the embedding chaotic UAV to search target, with the chaotic trajectory in any plane. It searched the target, when it meets or closes to the target.
Finding some straw in the ‘Industry–State Gambling Complex’ argument: commentary on Delfabbro & King

Abstract The article focuses attention on the presupposition that gambling is ‘class-exploitation’ – an argument that positions players as passive pawns in a capitalist conspiracy. It disagrees with this frame and presents theory and research from psychology that suggests relative deprivation has more explanatory power than (absolute) social deprivation to predict gambling problems. It also inserts Canada into the discussion about the possible existence of an Industry–State Gambling Complex. In Canada, governments are the owner and operator of (most) gambling venues. This overlapping relationship means that the gambling industry is answerable to the public. The article contends that in such a context, as well as in any functioning democracy, government must balance its function to facilitate economic growth with social responsibility. Academic research from many disciplines can help governments find this balance.
Aloe-emodin inhibits HER-2 expression through the downregulation of Y-box binding protein-1 in HER-2-overexpressing human breast cancer cells

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2)-positive breast cancer tends to be aggressive, highly metastatic, and drug resistant and spreads rapidly. Studies have indicated that emodin inhibits HER-2 expression. This study compared the HER-2-inhibitory effects of two compounds extracted from rhubarb roots: aloe-emodin (AE) and rhein. Our results indicated that AE exerted the most potent inhibitory effect on HER-2 expression. Treatment of HER-2-overexpressing breast cancer cells with AE reduced tumor initiation, cell migration, and cell invasion. AE was able to suppress YB-1 expression, further suppressing downstream HER-2 expression. AE suppressed YB-1 expression through the inhibition of Twist in HER-2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Our data also found that AE inhibited cancer metastasis and cancer stem cells through the inhibition of EMT. Interestingly, AE suppressed YB-1 expression through the downregulation of the intracellular integrin-linked kinase (ILK)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mTOR signaling pathway in HER-2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. In vivo study showed the positive result of antitumor activity of AE in nude mice injected with human HER-2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. These findings suggest the possible application of AE in the treatment of HER-2-positive breast cancer.
A Reproducible Model of Cardiogenic Shock in the Dog

An animal model of cardiogenic shock has been developed in the intact unanesthetized dog. Selective embolization of the circumflex coronary artery with 0.2 ml of mercury produces infarction of the posterolateral wall of the left ventricle and a shocklike state in the dog which results in death of the animal in 5 to 48 hr. The syndrome of cardiogenic shock in the animal model simulates closely that observed in man. Systemic blood pressure falls sharply (25 to 30% of control) immediately after embolization, remains low for several hours, then slowly increases toward normal, but never reaches preinfarct levels. The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) remains within normal limits (5 to 10 mm Hg) during the initial hypotensive state, but increases to values above 10 mm Hg during the period of rising systemic pressures. As left ventricular failure begins to develop as evidenced by the rise in LVEDP, the mean pulmonary artery pressure also rises above control values. The cardiac output falls to 40% of control levels following embolization and never recovers. Peripheral resistance rises to compensate for the reduction of cardiac output and remains above control levels. Electrocardiograms indicate an essentially normal sinus rhythm with short runs (5 to 15 beats) of ventricular tachycardia with A-V dissociation. The hypotensive state does not seem to be related to this arrhythmia. Death of the animal appears to be due to progressive failure of the left ventricular pump to maintain cardiac output and systemic pressures.
Is it truly a 5-star movie? Restoring the movie's truthful rating

Authenticity is the key for online review sites. Due to the significant development of review sites, the reviews are now highly important to users, producers and other stakeholders. Driven by interest, some imposters begin to post fake reviews to promote or discredit target products. The fake reviews not only mislead the users but also damage the service provider's credit. Current works mostly aim at classifying whether a specific review is fake or not, using context-based or user-based approaches. However, the aggregated rating of the product is viewer's most concern. Therefore, we propose a novel task to restore the truthful rating and further tackle it by statistical and deep learning techniques. We also assemble and publish a movie-review dataset for this task.
Contextual intelligence behaviors of female hospital managers in the United States

ABSTRACT Healthcare is a dynamic and challenging work environment with high levels of ambiguity and volatility. Leadership behaviors and models are needed that present a new framework for leadership behaviors in this type of environment. Contextual intelligence (CI) has been suggested as a useful and viable solution to leading in turbulent environments. This investigation explored the frequency of CI behaviors of female healthcare managers from 13 different hospitals. 474 females healthcare managers’ demographic data, including Myers–Briggs Type Indicator confirmed personality preference, were administered the Contextual Intelligence Profile (CIP), which rates the frequency 12 CI behaviors are demonstrated (0 = never to 6 = always). Internal consistency of the CIP was α = . 92 and Exploratory Factor Analysis organized the behaviors into three factors (Hindsight, Insight, and Foresight). Three CI behaviors are practiced with very high frequency. Female healthcare managers with a preference for Extroversion (E) demonstrated eight CI behaviors (67%) more often than their counterparts with a preference for Introversion (I); and those with a preference for Intuition (N) demonstrated seven CI behaviors (58%) more often than their counterparts with a preference for Sensing (S). Our findings indicate that female healthcare managers practice CI with some frequency; and certain personality preferences (E/N), education level, and minority status may contribute to greater practice frequency of CI behaviors. However, certain behaviors, primarily those from Insight, were practiced with much lower frequency. Therefore, leadership development programing might want to consider including CI behaviors to enhance overall CI for leaders and managers in turbulent environments.
The preferences and perspectives of family caregivers towards place of care for their relatives at the end-of-life. A systematic review and thematic synthesis of the qualitative evidence

Background Home is often reported as the preferred place of care for patients at the end-of-life. The support of family caregivers is crucial if this is to be realised. However, little is known about their preferences; a greater understanding would identify how best to support families at the end-of-life, ensuring more patients are cared for in their preferred location. Objectives To systematically search and synthesise the qualitative literature exploring the preferences and perspectives of family caregivers towards place of care for their relatives at the end-of-life. Methods Ten databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, AMED, ASSIA, CINAHL, Social Care Online, Cochrane Database, Scopus, Web of Science) and reference lists of key journals were searched up to January 2014. Included studies were appraised for quality and data thematically synthesised. Results Eighteen studies were included; all were of moderate or high quality. Two main themes were identified: (1) Preferences and perspectives: most family caregivers preferred home care, although a range of perspectives were reported. Both positive and negative perspectives of home, hospices and hospitals emerged. At times, family caregivers reported feeling obligated to provide home care. (2) Impact of facilitating home care; both positive and negative effects on family caregivers were reported. Conclusions Many family caregivers reported home as the preferred place of care; other places of care were infrequently considered. Healthcare professionals and service providers should be aware of these preferences and provide support where needed to enable family caregivers to successfully care at home, thus improving end-of-life experiences for families as a whole.
Endogenous target mimics down-regulate miR160 mediation of ARF10, -16, and -17 cleavage during somatic embryogenesis in Dimocarpus longan Lour

MicroRNA160 plays a critical role in plant development by negatively regulating the auxin response factors ARF10, -16, and -17. However, the ways in which miR160 expression is regulated at the transcriptional level, and how miR160 interacts with its targets during plant embryo development, remain unknown. Here, we studied the regulatory relationships among endogenous target mimics (eTMs), and miR160 and its targets, and their involvement in hormone signaling and somatic embryogenesis (SE) in Dimocarpus longan. We identified miR160 family members and isolated the miR160 precursor, primary transcript, and promoter. The promoter contained cis-acting elements responsive to stimuli such as light, abscisic acid, salicylic acid (SA) and heat stress. The pri-miR160 was down-regulated in response to SA but up-regulated by gibberellic acid, ethylene, and methyl jasmonate treatment, suggesting that pri-miR160 was associated with hormone transduction. Dlo-miR160a, -a∗ and -d∗ reached expression peaks in torpedo-shaped embryos, globular embryos and cotyledonary embryos, respectively, but were barely detectable in friable-embryogenic callus. This suggests that they have expression-related and functional diversity, especially during the middle and later developmental stages of SE. Four potential eTMs for miR160 were identified. Two of them, glucan endo-1,3-beta- glucosidase-like protein 2-like and calpain-type cysteine protease DEK1, were confirmed to control the corresponding dlo-miR160a∗ expression level. This suggests that they may function to abolish the binding between dlo-miR160a∗ and its targets. These two eTMs also participated in 2,4-D and ABA signal transduction. DlARF10, -16, and -17 targeting by dlo-miR160a was confirmed; their expression levels were higher in friable-embryogenic callus and incomplete compact pro-embryogenic cultures and responded to 2,4-D, suggesting they may play a major role in the early stages of longan SE dependent on 2,4-D. The eTMs, miR160, and ARF10, -16, and -17 exhibited tissue specificity in ‘Sijimi’ longan vegetative and reproductive organs, but were not significant negatively correlated. These results provide insights into the possible role of the eTM-miR160-ARF10-16-17 pathway in longan somatic embryo development.
Accelerating and Characterizing Seam Carving Using a Heterogeneous CPU-GPU System

Seam carving has been widely used for contentaware resizing of images and videos with little to no perceptible distortion. Unfortunately, for high-resolution videos and large images it becomes computationally unfeasible to do the resizing in real-time using small-scale CPU systems. In this paper, we exploit the highly parallel computational capabilities of CUDA-enabled Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) for accelerating the content-aware resizing of videos and images. The performance results show that our implementation of the seam carving algorithm achieves up to 100x and 14x speed-ups on the computationally-intensive part of the algorithm compared to the faster single-threaded and the faster multithreaded CPU implementations, respectively, on the systems tested. The overall resizing operation is over 6x and 2x faster than the best single-threaded and multithreaded CPU implementations, respectively, which demonstrates the potential to resize videos and large images in real-time.
USING CASE STUDIES FOR KNOWLEDGE CREATION IN THE CLASSROOM

This work is partially supported by POSI Programa Operacional Sociedade de Informacao of Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia and European Union FEDER. 1 Paulo Rupino da Cunha, Universidade de Coimbra, Departamento de Engenharia Informatica, Polo II, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal, rupino@dei.uc. pt 2 Antonio Dias de Figueiredo, Universidade de Coimbra, Departamento de Engenharia Informatica, Polo II, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal, adf@dei.uc. pt Abstract  We report an educational experience where case studies are used to foster the shift from traditional “delivery of information” paradigms to “knowledge creation” approaches, supported by superior levels of activity and interaction. In this kind of context-rich environments, knowledge is not only created, but also applied in simulated real-world situations, inducing quite powerful forms of individual and collective reflection. This happens with the learners becoming responsible, not only for their individual learning and assessment, but also for that of their colleagues. In the specific experience described in this paper, in the initial classes, the teacher provided a number of case studies and assisted the students in their cooperative analysis and discussion. At a second stage, the classes used cases built by groups of student, who also got the responsibility of presenting them and guiding the discussion. The groups have also been asked to grade each other. Appropriate justification for this classification was demanded, and counted as an additional factor in the grader’s own evaluation. Self-assessment was also asked of every student. The process has proved fruitful and will continue to be applied in coming years.
Behavioral and Neurophysiological Study of Olfactory Perception and Learning in Honeybees

The honeybee Apis mellifera has been a central insect model in the study of olfactory perception and learning for more than a century, starting with pioneer work by Karl von Frisch. Research on olfaction in honeybees has greatly benefited from the advent of a range of behavioral and neurophysiological paradigms in the Lab. Here I review major findings about how the honeybee brain detects, processes, and learns odors, based on behavioral, neuroanatomical, and neurophysiological approaches. I first address the behavioral study of olfactory learning, from experiments on free-flying workers visiting artificial flowers to laboratory-based conditioning protocols on restrained individuals. I explain how the study of olfactory learning has allowed understanding the discrimination and generalization ability of the honeybee olfactory system, its capacity to grant special properties to olfactory mixtures as well as to retain individual component information. Next, based on the impressive amount of anatomical and immunochemical studies of the bee brain, I detail our knowledge of olfactory pathways. I then show how functional recordings of odor-evoked activity in the brain allow following the transformation of the olfactory message from the periphery until higher-order central structures. Data from extra- and intracellular electrophysiological approaches as well as from the most recent optical imaging developments are described. Lastly, I discuss results addressing how odor representation changes as a result of experience. This impressive ensemble of behavioral, neuroanatomical, and neurophysiological data available in the bee make it an attractive model for future research aiming to understand olfactory perception and learning in an integrative fashion.
The SenseMS Application : A User-centered Approach to Enrich the Messaging Experience for Teens by Non-verbal Means

This paper reports the user study and design of an improved concept of a mobile messaging application for teens. The studies of current mobile phone use by teens (16-18) showed that, while they prefer communicating by Short Message Service (SMS), they miss expressiveness in this application. An enhanced SMS application, SenseMS, is designed to support affective communication. An evaluation of a prototype implementation has shown that enhancing text messages with contextual information and human embodiment can result in a more pleasant experience for both senders and receivers. Especially for negative emotions, contextual and emotional information are essential for interpreting the message. SenseMS is preferred for emotion-rich messages, whereas SMS is more appropriate for fast and emotion-poor messages.