Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations of wheezing phenotypes with late asthma outcomes in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: A population-based birth cohort. Allergy

Background: Variable patterns of childhood wheezing might indicate differences in the cause and prognosis of respiratory illnesses. Better understanding of these patterns could facilitate identiﬁcationofmodiﬁablefactorsrelatedtodevelopmentofasthma. Objectives: We characterized childhood wheezing phenotypes from infancy to adolescence and their associations with asthma outcomes.Methods:Latent class analysis was used to derive phenotypes based on patterns of wheezing recorded at up to 14 time points from birth to 16½ years among 12,303 participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Measures of lung function (FEV 1 , forced vital capacity [FVC], and forced expiratoryﬂowbetween 25%and75%[FEF 25-75 ])andfractionof exhaled nitric oxide (F ENO ) were made at 14 to 15 years of age. Results: Six wheezing phenotypes were identiﬁed: never/ infrequent, preschool-onset remitting, midchildhood-onset remitting, school age–onset persisting, late childhood–onset persisting, and continuous wheeze. The 3 persistent phenotypes were associated with bronchodilator reversibility of 12% or greater (BDR) from baseline (odds ratio [OR] range, 2.14-3.34), a F ENO value of 35 ppb or greater (OR range, 3.82-6.24), and lung function decrements (mean range of differences: 2 0.22 to 2 0.27 SD units (SDU) for FEV 1 /FVC ratio and 2 0.21 to 2 0.33 SDU for FEF 25-75 ) compared with never/infrequent wheeze. Midchildhood-onset (4½ years) remitting wheeze was associated withBDR (OR, 1.77;95% CI, 1.11-2.82), a F ENO value of35ppbor greater (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.14-2.59), FEV 1 /FVC ratio decrements (OR, 2 0.22 SDU; 95% CI, 2 0.36 to 2 0.08 SDU), and FEF 25-75 decrements (OR, 2 0.16 SDU; 95% CI, 2 0.30 to 2 0.01 SDU). Preschool-onset (18 months) remitting wheeze was only associated with FEV 1 /FVC ratio decrements (OR, 2 0.15 SDU; 95% CI, 2 0.25 to 2 0.05 SDU) and FEF 25-75 decrements (OR, 2 0.14 SDU; 95% CI, 2 0.24 to 2 0.04 SDU). The persisting phenotypes showed evidence of sex stratiﬁcation during adolescence.Conclusions: Early childhood–onset wheezing that persists into adolescence represents the clearest target group for interventions to maximize lung function outcomes. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016;138:1060-70.)
The influence of lithification on Cenozoic marine biodiversity trends

Abstract Recent research has corroborated the long-held view that the diversity of genera within benthic marine communities has increased from the Paleozoic to the Cenozoic as much as three-to fourfold, after mitigating for such biasing influences as secular variation in time-averaging and environmental coverage. However, these efforts have not accounted for the considerable increase in the availability of unlithified fossiliferous sediments in strata of late Mesozoic and Cenozoic age. Analyses presented here on the Cenozoic fossil record of New Zealand demonstrate that unlithified sediments not only increase the amount of fossil material and hence the observed diversity therein, but they also preserve a pool of taxa that is compositionally distinct from lithified sediments. The implication is that a large component of the difference in estimates of within-community diversity between Paleozoic and Cenozoic assemblages may relate to the increased availability of unlithified sediments in the Cenozoic.
Women with a low satiety phenotype show impaired appetite control and greater resistance to 1 weight loss. 2

This trial compared weight loss outcomes over 14-weeks in women showing low or high 21 satiety responsiveness [low or high satiety phenotype (LSP, HSP)] measured by a 22 standardized protocol. Food preferences and energy intake after low and high energy density 23 (LED, HED) meals were also assessed. Ninety-six women (n = 52 analysed; 41.24 ± 12.54 24 years; 34.02 ± 3.58 kg/m 2 ) engaged in one of two weight loss programs underwent LED and 25 HED laboratory-test days during weeks 3 and 12. Preferences for LED and HED-foods 26 (Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire) and ad libitum evening meal and snack energy intake 27 (EI) were assessed in response to equi-caloric LED- and HED-breakfasts and lunches. 28 Weekly questionnaires assessed control over eating and ease of adherence to the program. 29 Satiety quotients based on subjective fullness ratings post-LED and HED breakfasts 30 determined LSP (n=26) and HSP (n=26) by tertile splits. Results showed that the LSP lost 31 less weight and had smaller reductions in waist circumference compared to HSP. The LSP 32 showed greater preferences for HED-foods, and under HED-conditions, consumed more 33 snacks (kcal) compared to HSP. Snack EI did not differ under LED-conditions. LSP reported 34 less control over eating and reported more difficulty with program adherence. In conclusion, 35 low satiety responsiveness is detrimental for weight loss. LED meals can improve self- 36 regulation of EI in the LSP, which may be beneficial for longer-term weight control.
Subcellular fractionation of frozen skeletal muscle samples

13 Cell fractionation can be used to determine the localization and trafficking of 14 proteins between cellular compartments such as cytosol, mitochondria and 15 nuclei. Subcellular fractionation is usually performed immediately after tissue 16 dissection since freezing may fragment cell membranes and induce organellar 17 cross-contamination. Mitochondria are especially sensitive to freezing/thawing 18 and mechanical homogenization. We proposed a protocol to improve soluble 19 proteins retention in the mitochondrial fraction obtained from small amounts of 20 frozen skeletal muscle. Fifty-milligram of red portion of gastrocnemius muscle 21 from Wistar rats were immediately processed or frozen in liquid nitrogen and 22 stored at −80 °C for further processing. We compared the enrichment of 23 subcellular fractions from frozen/fresh samples obtained with the modified 24 protocol with those obtained by standard fractionation. Western blot analyses of 25 marker proteins for cytosolic (alpha-tubulin), mitochondrial (VDAC1), and nuclear 26 (histone-H3) fractions indicated that all procedures resulted in enriched 27 subcellular fractions with minimal organellar cross-contamination. Notably, the 28 activity of the soluble protein citrate synthase was higher in mitochondrial 29 fractions obtained with the modified protocol from frozen/fresh samples 30 compared to the standard protocol. Therefore, our protocol improved the 31 retention of soluble proteins in the mitochondrial fraction and may be suitable for 32 subcellular fractionation of small amounts of frozen skeletal muscle samples. 33 34
Sodium intake and high blood pressure among adults on caloric restriction: a multi-year cross-sectional analysis of the U.S. Population, 2007-2018

Aim: Small studies have shown reduced sodium sensitivity of blood pressure in obese adolescents on caloric restriction. However, no study at the population level has studied such an effect. We aimed to explore the association between mean daily sodium intake and prevalent hypertension among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults on caloric restriction who participated in the National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey over the last twelve years. Methods and Results: We used a design-based regression model to explore the association between sodium intake and prevalent hypertension. We also conducted sensitivity analyses using multiple imputation chained equations and propensity score matching. We also measured the effect of a binary exposure derived from two widely recommended thresholds of sodium intake: 2.3 and 5.0 grams per day. Among 5,756 individuals, we did not detect any significant association between increased sodium and the odds of hypertension (OR: 0.97; CI 95%: 0.90; 1.05). All our sensitivity analyses are consistent with our main findings. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that people on caloric restriction, a component of healthy weight loss, would see no benefit in reducing sodium intake to lower blood pressure. These results highlight the need to explore new population-specific strategies for sodium intake reduction, including new dietary prescription approaches to improve dietary adherence and reduce the risk associated with sodium-deficient diets.
State-space aerodynamic model reveals high force control authority and predictability in flapping flight

Flying animals resort to fast, large-degree-of-freedom motion of flapping wings, a key feature that distinguishes them from rotary or fixed-winged robotic fliers with limited motion of aerodynamic surfaces. However, flapping-wing aerodynamics are characterized by highly unsteady and three-dimensional flows difficult to model or control, and accurate aerodynamic force predictions often rely on expensive computational or experimental methods. Here, we developed a computationally efficient and data-driven state-space model to dynamically map wing kinematics to aerodynamic forces/moments. This model was trained and tested with a total of 548 different flapping-wing motions and surpassed the accuracy and generality of the existing quasi-steady models. This model used 12 states to capture the unsteady and nonlinear fluid effects pertinent to force generation without explicit information of fluid flows. We also provided a comprehensive assessment of the control authority of key wing kinematic variables and found that instantaneous aerodynamic forces/moments were largely predictable by the wing motion history within a half-stroke cycle. Furthermore, the angle of attack, normal acceleration and pitching motion had the strongest effects on the aerodynamic force/moment generation. Our results show that flapping flight inherently offers high force control authority and predictability, which can be key to developing agile and stable aerial fliers.
Privacy in Cloud Computing

The paradigm of cloud computing is progressively integrating itself in the Information Technology industry and it is also seen by many experts as the next big shift in this industry. This integration implies considerable alterations in the security schemes used to ensure that the privacy of confidential information, companies entrust to the cloud provider, is kept. It also means that the level of trust in the cloud provider must be considerably high. When moving to the cloud, a company relinquishes control over its data to the cloud provider. This happens because, when operating in the cloud, the data is going to execute on top of the hardware owned by the cloud provider and, in this scenario, the client has no control over that hardware. Companies that deal with sensitive data (e.g., medical or financial records) have to weigh the importance of this problem when considering moving their data to the cloud. In this work, we provide a demonstration of how a malicious administrator, with access to the hardware of the cloud provider, is capable of violating the privacy of the data entrusted to the cloud provider by his clients. Our objective is to offer a detailed analysis of attack strategies that can be used by a malicious administrator to break the privacy of cloud clients, as well as the level of efficacy demonstrated by some protection mechanism that have already been proposed for the cloud. We also hope that this work is capable of capturing the attention of the research community to the security problems existent in the cloud and, that at the same time, it works as a motivation factor for a prompt action in order to find solutions for these problems.
Converging Evidence in Support of the Serotonin Hypothesis of Dexfenfluramine-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension With Novel Transgenic Mice

Background— The incidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to the use of indirect serotinergic agonists such as aminorex and dexfenfluramine led to the “serotonin hypothesis” of pulmonary arterial hypertension; however, the role of serotonin in dexfenfluramine-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension remains controversial. Here, we used novel transgenic mice lacking peripheral serotonin (deficient in tryptophan hydroxylase-1; Tph1−/− mice) or overexpressing the gene for the human serotonin transporter (SERT; SERT+ mice) to investigate this further. Methods and Results— Dexfenfluramine administration (5 mg · kg−1 · d−1 PO for 28 days) increased systolic right ventricular pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling in wild-type mice but not in Tph1−/− mice, which suggests that dexfenfluramine-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension is dependent on serotonin synthesis. Dexfenfluramine was also administered to normoxic SERT+ mice and SERT+ mice exposed to chronic hypoxia. Dexfenfluramine and SERT overexpression had additive effects in increasing pulmonary vascular remodeling; however, in hypoxic SERT+ mice, dexfenfluramine reduced both systolic right ventricular pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Pulmonary arterial fibroblasts from SERT+ mice, but not wild-type mice, proliferated in response to hypoxia. Dexfenfluramine inhibited hypoxia-induced proliferation of pulmonary arterial fibroblasts derived from SERT+ mice in a manner dependent on SERT activity. Dexfenfluramine also inhibited the hypoxia-mediated increase in phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in SERT+ pulmonary arterial fibroblasts. Conclusions— The results suggest that peripheral serotonin is critical for the development of dexfenfluramine-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension and that dexfenfluramine and SERT overexpression have additive effects on pulmonary vascular remodeling. We propose that dexfenfluramine can also inhibit hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling via SERT activity and inhibition of hypoxia-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
Complications du curage ganglionnaire réalisé après exérèse du ganglion sentinelle chez les patients atteints de mélanome

Un curage ganglionnaire est le plus souvent propose chez les patients ayant un melanome avec un ganglion sentinelle positif. L'interet de ce curage ganglionnaire reste cependant discute. Objectif : Evaluer les complications du curage ganglionnaire realise apres exerese du ganglion sentinelle chez des patients atteints de melanome. Patients et methodes : etude retrospective monocentrique realisee entre 2001 et 2009. Tous les patients presentant un melanome avec un ganglion sentinelle envahi et ayant eu secondairement un curage ganglionnaire ont ete inclus. Resultats : Soixante-quatorze patients ont eu un curage ganglionnaire apres confirmation d'une micro ou macrometastase sur ganglion sentinelle. Les localisations du curage ganglionnaire etaient : axillaire dans 51% de cas, inguinal dans 43%, cervical dans 5% et poplite dans 1%. Un envahissement d'un ou plusieurs ganglions retires lors du curage etait note dans 12 cas (16%). La duree mediane de suivi apres le curage etait de 41.5 mois (3-135 mois). Quarante-sept patients (64%) ont presente au moins une complication du curage. Les complications precoces etaient : infection post-operatoire (n=9 ;12%), lymphocele (n=22 ;30%), lymphorrhee (n=9 ;12%), hemorragie ou hematome postoperatoire (n=6 ;8%), desunion de cicatrice (n=7 ;9%). Les complications tardives etaient : lymphoedeme (n=30 ;41%), complication articulaire (n=10 ;14%), cicatrice fibreuse (n=11 ;15%), douleur (n=6 ;8%), trouble de sensibilite (n=6 ;8%). 2 patients ont du etre rehospitalises a cause des complications du curage. Le taux de complication etait de 53% pour les curages axillaires et 81% pour les curages inguinaux (p=0,02). Discussion : Le curage ganglionnaire a entraine un taux important de complication de 64% dans notre serie. L'interet du curage ganglionnaire secondaire n'est pas de montre. Compte tenu du taux important de complications observees apres curage ganglionnaire, des etudes sont necessaires pour evaluer l'interet du curage apres ganglion sentinelle sur la survie des patients. Conclusion : Le curage ganglionnaire realise apres l'exerese d'un ganglion sentinelle positif dans le melanome est associe a une morbidite importante.
mTORC1 signaling and primary cilia are required for brain ventricle morphogenesis

ABSTRACT Radial glial cells (RCGs) are self-renewing progenitor cells that give rise to neurons and glia during embryonic development. Throughout neurogenesis, these cells contact the cerebral ventricles and bear a primary cilium. Although the role of the primary cilium in embryonic patterning has been studied, its role in brain ventricular morphogenesis is poorly characterized. Using conditional mutants, we show that the primary cilia of radial glia determine the size of the surface of their ventricular apical domain through regulation of the mTORC1 pathway. In cilium-less mutants, the orientation of the mitotic spindle in radial glia is also significantly perturbed and associated with an increased number of basal progenitors. The enlarged apical domain of RGCs leads to dilatation of the brain ventricles during late embryonic stages (ventriculomegaly), which initiates hydrocephalus during postnatal stages. These phenotypes can all be significantly rescued by treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin. These results suggest that primary cilia regulate ventricle morphogenesis by acting as a brake on the mTORC1 pathway. This opens new avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of hydrocephalus. Highlighted article: Primary cilia regulate ventricle morphogenesis in mice by modulating the mTORC1 pathway, highlighting a new role for mTOR signalling during brain development.
Viscoelastic stress‐triggering of the 1999 Hector Mine Earthquake by the 1992 Landers Earthquake

The 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine earthquake occurred only 20 km from the 1992 Mw 7.3 Landers earthquake fault. The close spacing between the two earthquakes suggests that the Landers earthquake trigger the Hector Mine event. Based on an elastic half‐space model, scientists from the USGS, SCEC and CDMG (2000) have found a negative Coulomb stress change at the Hector Mine hypocenter due to Landers. This negative stress change is inconsistent with the hypothesis of static stress triggering. In this paper, I show evidence of stress triggering of the Hector Mine earthquake by Landers, due to a process governed by viscoelastic flow in the lower crust. This visoelastic flow has produced broad‐scale postseismic rebound observed by GPS and InSAR measurements. The result of this study is that viscoelastic flow has significantly modified the regional stress field in the Mojave Desert after the Landers earthquake. The evolving stress field, including viscoelastic flow, has gradually moved the Coulomb stress change at the Hector Mine hypocenter to a positive level. The increase in Coulomb stress exceeded 1 bar right before the Hector Mine earthquake, bringing the Hector Mine ruptures to the proximity of catastrophic failure.
Discussion of “Hypotheses testing by convex optimization”

The idea of convexification of the loss function in order to construct computationally tractable procedures has been widely used in statistical learning theory (Zhang, 2004). In this part of the discussion, I would like to share some thoughts about the similarities of the two approaches. To this end, let me briefly recall the principle of loss convexification in the problem of binary classification. One observes n iid pairs {(Xi, Yi)}i=1,. ,n drawn from an unknown distribution P on the product space X×Y with Y = {−1,+1} and the goal is to design a prediction rule g : X → Y with the smallest possible misclassification error rate
A meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral therapy for alcohol or other drug use disorders: Treatment efficacy by contrast condition.

OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis examined 30 randomized controlled trials (32 study sites; 35 study arms) that tested the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for alcohol or other drug use disorders. The study aim was to provide estimates of efficacy against three levels of experimental contrast (i.e., minimal [k = 5]; nonspecific therapy [k = 11]; specific therapy [k = 19]) for consumption frequency and quantity outcomes at early (1 to 6 months [kes = 41]) and late (8+ months [kes = 26]) follow-up time points. When pooled effect sizes were statistically heterogeneous, study-level moderators were examined. METHOD The inverse-variance weighted effect size was calculated for each study and pooled under random effects assumptions. Sensitivity analyses included tests of heterogeneity, study influence, and publication bias. RESULTS CBT in contrast to minimal treatment showed a moderate and significant effect size that was consistent across outcome type and follow-up. When CBT was contrasted with a nonspecific therapy or treatment as usual, treatment effect was statistically significant for consumption frequency and quantity at early, but not late, follow-up. CBT effects in contrast to a specific therapy were consistently nonsignificant across outcomes and follow-up time points. Of 10 pooled effect sizes examined, two showed moderate heterogeneity, but multivariate analyses revealed few systematic predictors of between-study variance. CONCLUSIONS The current meta-analysis shows that CBT is more effective than a no treatment, minimal treatment, or nonspecific control. Consistent with findings on other evidence-based therapies, CBT did not show superior efficacy in contrast to another specific modality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Association of APOL1 Risk Alleles With Cardiovascular Disease in Blacks in the Million Veteran Program

Sources of Funding, see page 1039 BACKGROUND: Approximately 13% of black individuals carry 2 copies of the apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) risk alleles G1 or G2, which are associated with 1.5to 2.5-fold increased risk of chronic kidney disease. There have been conflicting reports as to whether an association exists between APOL1 risk alleles and cardiovascular disease (CVD) that is independent of the effects of APOL1 on kidney disease. We sought to test the association of APOL1 G1/G2 alleles with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and stroke among black individuals in the Million Veteran Program.
When do physicians perceive the success of a new care model differently? A qualitative study on personal values of physicians and their expected advantages through the implementation of a new care model in a primary care setting

The health care innovation "MamBo – people with multimorbidity in outpatient care: patient-focused and needs-oriented healthcare management” aims to improve the e�ciency and quality of care for multimorbid patients by delegating tasks (e.g. taking over house calls or coordinating specialist appointments) to a monitoring and coordination assistant (MoniKa). Participating physicians are very important for the success of the health care innovation due to their direct involvement as practitioners and their task of enrolling patients. The aim of this part of the evaluation study is therefore to identify the physician’s personal values, which in�uence the individual perception of the project’s advantages and thus possibly the acceptance and sustainable implementation of new care structures.
SHORT REPORT Disease outbreaks caused by steppe-type rabies viruses in China

seven outbreaks of domestic animal rabies caused by wild carnivores in Xinjiang (XJ) and Inner Mongolia (IM) Autonomous Regions, China were reported and diagnosed in brain samples of infected animals by the ﬂ uorescent antibody test (FAT) and RT – PCR. Ten ﬁ eld rabies viruses were obtained. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis based on the complete N gene (1353 bp) ampli ﬁ ed directly from the original brain tissues showed that these ten strains were steppe-type viruses, closely related to strains reported in Russia and Mongolia. None had been identi ﬁ ed previously in China. The viruses from XJ and IM clustered separately into two lineages showing their different geographical distribution. This study emphasizes the importance of wildlife surveillance and of cross-departmental cooperation in the control of transboundary rabies transmission.