Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Best Mode of Delivery for Tranexamic Acid in Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation: A Systematic Review

Background Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is skin hyperpigmentation that occurs due to any inflammatory condition. Triggering the melanocytes by inflammation leads to melanin overproduction and deposition. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic medication prescribed to treat bleeding. Recently, there are some studies about the use of TXA in the treatment of PIH. Objective The aim of this study is to identify the efficacy and the best mode of delivery for tranexamic acid in the treatment of PIH. Methods This systematic review is reported in accordance with PRISMA guidance. We included all relevant English-language studies that were published up to September 2022 in the following electronic databases: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. The initial search yielded 61 articles, 9 of which were included after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results The systematic review included a total of 196 patients who were over the age of 16 years old. Tranexamic acid was delivered orally in 4 studies, topically in 2 studies, and both simultaneously in 1 study. In addition, intradermal injection was used in 2 other studies. Almost all studies advocated the use of all routes for accelerating the clearance of hyperpigmentation with more favor towards topical and intradermal routes due to their mild reported side effects when compared to oral routes. Conclusion Intradermal TXA is considered the best route, which exhibits fewer side effects with less cost and excellent outcomes, while oral TXA is found to be less preferable than other routes due to the incidence of undesirable adverse events.
Evaluation of clinical features and risk factors related to late recurrence (>5 years) in patients with breast cancer

Background/Aim: Over the years, disease-free survival (DFS) has been considerably prolonged with effective treatments in resectable breast cancer patients. However, a limited number of studies evaluating the predictive and prognostic factors of the disease in breast cancer patients who develop late recurrence are available. In this respect, we investigated clinicopathological features and risk factors affecting the survival of patients who developed breast cancer recurrence (BCR) after 60 months (late BCR). Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, clinicopathological features and survival outcomes of 45 late BCR patients were evaluated. The demographic and medical data of the patients were obtained from the retrospective registry system of our center. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the risk factors affecting DFS. Results: The median age of the cohort was 49 (24–78) years. Twenty-three postmenopausal patients were included in the study, and the mean age of menopause was 50 (43–55) years. Fourteen (31.1%) patients were stage 3 at diagnosis. In the adjuvant period, 80% of the patients underwent radiotherapy, and 79.5% underwent chemotherapy. The mean duration of adjuvant hormone therapy was 64 (69–129) months. Adjuvant ovarian suppression therapy was applied to 14 patients. The three most common sites of recurrence were bones (57.8%), locoregional (26.7%), and distant lymph nodes (26.7%). The median DFS of the cohort was 116.9 (3.7) months (109.6–124.1 months). Disease-related deaths occurred in only five patients, and the median overall survival (OS) could not be achieved. Based on a log-rank analysis, the median DFS was longer in patients whose adjuvant hormone therapy duration was 5–10 years and in those with bone or lymph node recurrence (P = 0.025 and P = 0.001, respectively). DFS was significantly shorter in patients with liver metastases (P = 0.005). Based on a chi-squared analysis, bone and lymph node metastases were higher in luminal A-like group (P = 0.030), and liver metastasis was lower (P = 0.039). Luminal biology did not affect late BCR (P = 0.075). Conclusions: Prolonged adjuvant hormone therapy (5–10 years) delays breast cancer recurrence. However, luminal features are insufficient to predict recurrence as the recurrence period increases. In addition, different sites of metastases are associated with long-term survival and luminal subgroups.
Stacking of Single-Grain Thin-Film Transistors

Vertical stacking of transistors is a promising technology which can realize compact and high-speed integrated circuits (ICs) with a short interconnect delay and increased functionality. Two layers of low-temperature fabricated single-grain thin-film transistors (SG TFTs) have been monolithically integrated. Using a finite element method (FEM) simulation, the damage to the bottom layer devices during laser crystallization of the top layer silicon layer has been investigated. N-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor (n-MOS) mobilities are 565 and 393 cm2 V-1 s-1 and p-channel MOS (p-MOS) mobilities are 159 and 141 cm2 V-1 s-1, for the top and bottom layers respectively. A three-dimensional (3D) complementary MOS (CMOS) inverter has also been fabricated, with one transistor on the bottom layer and the other on the top layer.
Hyperspectral Remote Sensing for Phenotyping the Physiological Drought Response of Common and Tepary Bean

Proximal remote sensing offers a powerful tool for high-throughput phenotyping of plants for assessing stress response. Bean plants, an important legume for human consumption, are often grown in regions with limited rainfall and irrigation and are therefore bred to further enhance drought tolerance. We assessed physiological (stomatal conductance and predawn and midday leaf water potential) and ground- and tower-based hyperspectral remote sensing (400 to 2,400 nm and 400 to 900 nm, respectively) measurements to evaluate drought response in 12 common bean and 4 tepary bean genotypes across 3 field campaigns (1 predrought and 2 post-drought). Hyperspectral data in partial least squares regression models predicted these physiological traits (R2 = 0.20 to 0.55; root mean square percent error 16% to 31%). Furthermore, ground-based partial least squares regression models successfully ranked genotypic drought responses similar to the physiologically based ranks. This study demonstrates applications of high-resolution hyperspectral remote sensing for predicting plant traits and phenotyping drought response across genotypes for vegetation monitoring and breeding population screening.
Pain Intensity Moderates the Association between Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms and Problematic Alcohol Use among Emerging Adults

Abstract Objective: Emerging adulthood is a vulnerable period for problematic alcohol use, defined by a pattern of use associated with physical and functional impairment. Obsessive-compulsive psychopathology, which demonstrates high rates of onset in emerging adults, seems to be related to problematic alcohol use in this age group, consistent with research among the general population suggesting an association between emotional disorders and alcohol use in the context of coping drinking motives. Pain intensity, another risk factor of problematic alcohol use, may link obsessive-compulsive symptoms to problematic alcohol use among emerging adults. Therefore, the current study examined the moderating role of pain intensity on the association between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and problematic alcohol use among emerging adults. Methods: Participants were 198 college students (81.30% female, M age = 22.33, SD = 4.38) who reported problematic alcohol use. Results: Results from the current study supported a significant moderation role of pain intensity for the association between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and problematic alcohol use, whereby the association between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and problematic alcohol use was stronger for emerging adults with high compared to low pain intensity. Conclusions: These results highlighted a clinically-relevant interaction between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and pain intensity concerning the risk of problematic alcohol use among emerging adults as a vulnerable population.
Extended Holstein-Primakoff mapping for the next-to-leading order of the 1 ∕ N expansion at finite temperature

An extended Holstein-Primakoff mapping which incorporates both single- and double-fermion mappings is used in the context of thermofield dynamics to study the next-to-leading order of the $1∕N$ expansion at finite temperature. For the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model it is shown that the extended mapping naturally leads to the correct Fermi statistics both in leading and next-to-leading order.
Essays in Modelling and Estimating Value-at-Risk

The thesis concerns semiparametric modelling and forecasting Value-at-Risk models, and the applications of these in Onancial data. Two general classes of semiparametric VaR models are proposed, the Orst method is introduced by deOning some e¢ cient estimators of the risk measures in a semiparametric GARCH model through moment constraints and a quantile estimator based on inverting an empirical likelihood weighted distribution. It is found that the new quantile estimator is uniformly more e¢ cient than the simple empirical quantile and a quantile estimator based on normalized residuals. At the same time, the e¢ ciency gain in error quantile estimation hinges on the e¢ ciency of estimators of the variance parameters. We show that the same conclusion applies to the estimation of conditional Expected Shortfall. The second model proposes a new method to forecast one-period-ahead Value-at-Risk (VaR) in general ARCH(1) models with possibly heavy-tailed errors. The proposed method is based on least square estimation for the log-transformed model. This method imposes weak moment conditions on the errors. The asymptotic distribution also accounts for the parameter uncertainty in volatility estimation. We test our models against some conventional VaR forecasting methods, and the results demonstrate that our models are among the best in forecasting VaR.
Synthesizing metamaterials with angularly independent effective medium properties based on an anisotropic parameter retrieval technique coupled with a genetic algorithm

In this paper, we present a method to retrieve the effective electromagnetic parameters of a slab of anisotropicmetamaterial from reflection and transmission coefficients (or scattering parameters). In this retrieval method, calculated or measuredscattering parameters are employed for plane waves incident obliquely on a metamaterial slab at different angles. Useful analytical expressions are derived for extracting the homogeneous anisotropic medium parameters of a metamaterial. To validate the method, the effective permittivity and permeability tensor parameters for a composite split-ring resonator-wire array are retrieved and shown to be consistent with observations previously reported in the literature. This retrieval method is further incorporated into a genetic algorithm (GA) to synthesize an infrared zero-index-metamaterial with a wide field-of-view, demonstrating the utility of the new design approach. The anisotropic parameter retrieval algorithm, when combined with a robust optimizer such as GA, can provide a powerful design tool for exploiting the anisotropicproperties in metamaterials to achieve specific angle dependant or independent responses.
Research on the cooperative network of relativity and quantum cosmology researchers

: The collaboration networks are classified and studied by analysing various properties of the collaboration data of contributing scholars, and the modules with high information flow are identified for identifying the collaboration patterns of authors in science and technology disciplines. The basic model of the collaboration network is described in terms of statistical parameters such as network degree distribution, clustering coefficients, efficiency and average network path length, and then more efficient core communities of the original network are visualized and analysed after k-core decomposition and modularly identified.The present study shows that authors contributing to the field of general relativity and quantum cosmology tend to cooperate with the same fraction of the population, which results in information transfer efficiency in and between core communities being much greater than the overall network efficiency. In addition, there are also individual authors who prefer to do their research independently.
Spectral Multiplexing of Fluorescent Endoscopy for Simultaneous Imaging with Multiple Fluorophores and Multiple Fields of View

Complex clinical procedures and small-animal research procedures can benefit from dual-site imaging provided by multiple endoscopic devices. Here, an endoscopic system is proposed which enables multiple fluorescence microendoscopes to be spectrally multiplexed on a single microscope base, enabling light sources and optical relays to be shared between endoscopes. The presented system is characterized for resolution using USAF-1951 resolution test charts and for modulation transfer function using the slanted edge method. Imaging is demonstrated both directly and with microendoscopes attached. Imaging of phantoms was demonstrated by targeting USAF charts and fiber tissues dyed for FITC and Texas Red fluorescence. Afterwards, simultaneous liver and kidney imaging was demonstrated in mice expressing mitochondrial Dendra2 and injected with Texas Red-dextran. The results indicate that the system achieves high channel isolation and submicron and subcellular resolution, with resolution limited by the endoscopic probe and by physiological movement during endoscopic imaging. Multi-channel microendoscopy provides a potentially low-cost means of simultaneous multiple endoscopic imaging during biological experiments, resulting in reduced animal harm and potentially increasing insight into temporal connections between connected biological systems.
Optimal Energy Management for Battery Swapping Based Electric Bus Fleets With Consideration of Grid Ancillary Services Provision

In this paper, a novel optimization model is formulated to optimize the scheduling of battery swapping stations (BSS) operating electrified public bus transit fleets. The BSS consists of a number of battery modules that are combined together to create a MW-scale battery storage system. As such, the formulated optimization problem aims at minimizing the running costs of the BSS via i) exploiting the low electricity prices in the market (i.e., charging the battery modules at low prices), and ii) utilizing the BSS in the provision of grid ancillary services. The proposed model considers the operational requirements of the bus transit fleet to satisfy the energy needs of the battery electric buses (BEBs) and maintain their defined timetable. Also, the model integrates the power distribution network constraints such as bus voltages and line capacity limits to ensure its reliable operation. The impact of the BSS participation in the provision of ancillary grid services on the operation, degradation, and lifetime of the battery modules is investigated in this work by using a proposed saving cost index (SCI). It is demonstrated that the proposed model propels the economic viability of the BSS operation concept.
Asteroid Collisions: Estimating Their Probabilities and Velocity Distributions

Abstract A new method of estimating the collisional probabilities and velocities of asteroids is elaborated, differing substantially from previous methods. It is argued that the distance from a target asteroid to the nearest asteroid of an ambient population must be distributed over time according to the Weibull distribution. An empirical distribution of such distances may be generated efficiently by a novel type of computer simulation of the long-term statistical mechanics of large sets of asteroids, a simulation entailing no orbit propagation. The simulation yields distributions of both minimum distances and relative velocity vectors. By estimating the two parameters of this distribution and the mean relative velocity, it is possible to estimate the intrinsic collisional probability of the target asteroid with the ambient asteroid population. The distribution of relative velocities can be estimated directly from the simulation data. Some initial results determined by the new method are, for the mean intrinsic collisional probabilities of 243 Ida, 2 Pallas, and 951 Gaspra with ambient asteroid populations numbering 799, 680, and 533, respectively: 5.34 × 10 −18 , 5.96 × 10 −18 , and 2.28 × 10 −18 km −2 year −1 . The new method affords an alternative pathway for solving problems in asteroid interactions, a pathway that is fundamentally statistical in nature. It is easy to implement and offers a great deal of flexibility in its basic simulation for quantitatively studying many aspects of collisions and near-collisions involving asteroids, planets, and comets.
Protective Effects of Halite to Vacuum and Vacuum-Ultraviolet Radiation: A Potential Scenario During a Young Sun Superflare.

Halite (NaCl mineral) has exhibited the potential to preserve microorganisms for millions of years on Earth. This mineral was also identified on Mars and in meteorites. In this study, we investigated the potential of halite crystals to protect microbial life-forms on the surface of an airless body (e.g., meteorite), for instance, during a lithopanspermia process (interplanetary travel step) in the early Solar System. To investigate the effect of the radiation of the young Sun on microorganisms, we performed extensive simulation experiments by employing a synchrotron facility. We focused on two exposure conditions: vacuum (low Earth orbit, 10-4 Pa) and vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) radiation (range 57.6-124 nm, flux 7.14 W/m2), with the latter representing an extreme scenario with high VUV fluxes comparable to the amount of radiation of a stellar superflare from the young Sun. The stellar VUV parameters were estimated by using the very well-studied solar analog of the young Sun, κ1 Cet. To evaluate the protective effects of halite, we entrapped a halophilic archaeon (Haloferax volcanii) and a non-halophilic bacterium (Deinococcus radiodurans) in laboratory-grown halite. Control groups were cells entrapped in salt crystals (mixtures of different salts and NaCl) and non-trapped (naked) cells, respectively. All groups were exposed either to vacuum alone or to vacuum plus VUV. Our results demonstrate that halite can serve as protection against vacuum and VUV radiation, regardless of the type of microorganism. In addition, we found that the protection is higher than provided by crystals obtained from mixtures of salts. This extends the protective effects of halite documented in previous studies and reinforces the possibility to consider the crystals of this mineral as potential preservation structures in airless bodies or as vehicles for the interplanetary transfer of microorganisms.
Parameter constrain in neutron star by twin kHz QPOs

Abstract We use data on twin kHz QPOs and measured neutron star (NS) masses to test the relation between the lower (ν1) and upper (ν2) peak frequencies predicted with the MHD Alfvén wave oscillation model (AWOM) and the general relativistic precession model (GRPM). In the context of AWOM, the NS radius can be constrained from kHz QPO data and a measured NS mass.
A Novel GRIN-SCH-SQW Laser Diode Monolithically Integrated with Low-Loss Passive Waveguides

We propose a novel fabrication process for monolithic multielement laser diodes and demonstrate the performance of a monolithically integrated passive waveguide laser as compared with a conventional laser fabricated under the same procedures. This process, which is based on silicon ion implantation and two-step MOVPE growth, is suitable for integrating optical elements like gratings and rib waveguides. We also demonstrate that the COD level of the window structure laser fabricated by this process is more than 1.3 W in pulsed operation.
Flume Investigation Into Mechanisms Responsible for Particle Sorting in Gravel‐Bed Meandering Channels

Meandering gravel‐bed rivers tend to exhibit bed surface sorting patterns with coarse particles located in pools and fine particles on bar tops. The mechanism by which these patterns emerge has been explored in sand‐bed reaches; however, for gravel‐bed meandering channels it remains poorly understood. Here we present results from a flume experiment in which bed morphology, velocity, sediment sorting patterns, and bed load transport were intensively documented. The experimental channel is 1.35 m wide, 15.2 m long, and its centerline follows a sine‐generated curve with a crossing angle of 20°. Water and sediment input were held constant throughout the experiment and measurements were collected under quasi‐equilibrium conditions. Boundary shear stress calculated from near‐bed velocity measurements indicates that in a channel with mild sinuosity, deposition of fine particles on bars is a result of divergent shear stress at the inside bend of the channel, downstream of the apex. Boundary shear stress in the upstream half of the pool was below critical for coarse particles (>8 mm), leading to an armored pool. Inward directed selective transport was responsible for winnowing of fine particles in the pool. Fine and coarse sediment followed similar trajectories through the meander bend, which contrasts earlier studies of sand‐bedded meanders where the loci of fine and coarse particles cross paths. This suggests a different sorting mechanism for gravel bends. This experiment shows that a complex interaction of quasi‐equilibrium bed topography, selective sediment transport, and secondary currents are responsible for the sorting patterns seen in gravel‐bed, meandering channels.
Enhanced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Co/Ni multilayers with a thin seed layer

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is induced in Co/Ni multilayers when they are grown on a (111) textured Au seed layer, provided it is at least 2 nm thick. The anisotropy increases with increasing Au thickness due to improved crystallinity. Postannealing treatments of as-grown [Co(0.3)/Ni(0.6)]5 (thicknesses in nanometer) multilayers enhance the coercivity and PMA up to an annealing temperature of 250 °C, but higher temperatures lead to intermixing of Co and Ni which diminishes PMA. The easy axis becomes in-plane for samples annealed at 400 °C. The improvement in PMA in Co/Ni layers due to annealing is limited by the Au seed layer thickness. Annealing also reduces the saturation magnetization by ∼15% due to the formation of superparamagnetic islands. Our results show that the PMA in Co/Ni multilayers can be improved by annealing up to 350 °C, which is required for the thermal stability of spin transfer torque memories.
Numerical statistical model of classical incompressible isotropic turbulence

A Monte Carlo technique to simulate turbulent dispersion in a Gaussian incompressible isotropic velocity field with the Kolmogorov spectrum is presented. The numerical results show good agreement with the classical theory of local isotropic turbulence. A detailed analysis of the mean-squared separation of two particles is given and the universal constant in Richardson's law is obtained.