Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved GDP spatialization approach by combining land-use data and night-time light data: a case study in China’s continental coastal area

ABSTRACT Gross domestic product (GDP) reflects a nation or region’s economic growth as a whole, and is the sum of product in the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors of the economy in the area. However, statistical GDP data is problematic in integrated application with geographical data. The GDP spatialization data, which shows the GDP in grid cells and often is obtained by operating a spatialization model, is more useful than its officially published statistical data recorded by administrative units in both spatial representation and application. Thus, there is a need to improve the GDP spatialization models, and to present these models in a way as clear and transparent as possible. In this article, by taking China’s continental coastal area as a case study area, we combined economic census data, land-use data, and night-time light data together, and developed a technique that we call the ‘dynamic regionalization’ method to improve the GDP spatialization products. We then created GDP spatialization models for three sectors of the economy (i.e. the primary, the secondary, and the tertiary sector) in 2000, 2005, and 2010, respectively. We find the following. (1) Because the ‘overglow’ effect of night-time light data has a bad influence on spatialization models, we used land-use data to distinguish the distribution plots of the tertiary sector on night-time light images. Compared with setting a threshold merely, land-use data can more effectively remove the ‘overglow’ effect. (2) Owing to the prominent spatial heterogeneity of GDP distribution in China’s continental coastal area, building one spatialization model for the whole area would probably produce the estimated products with poor accuracy, so the ‘dynamic regionalization’ method was adopted to dynamically divide the whole study area into several subregions, and build separate spatialization models for each subregion. The accuracy assessment showed that the new method improved the accuracy of GDP spatialization data, especially in the area with high spatial heterogeneity.
Artificielle On the Estimation of the Expected Performance of a Metaheuristic on a Class of Instances How many instances , how many runs ?

This paper discusses the problem of estimating, on the basis of a given number of say N experiments, the expected performance of a metaheuristic on a class I of benchmark problem instances. The problem of the empirical estimation of the expected behavior of a stochastic optimization algorithm has great relevance both in academic studies and in practical applications. This is particularly true for metaheuristics, a class of stochastic optimization algorithms for which gaining an analytical insight appears rather problematic. In the paper, the estimation problem is formally posed in a probabilistic framework and the main theorems on the empirical estimation of the expected performance of a metaheuristic are enunciated and proved. In particular, the paper proves that the widely adopted methodology consisting in considering K instances and running the metaheuristic n times on each (with K × n = N) is a suboptimal choice. Indeed, contrary to popular belief, one single run on each of N independently selected instances provides the most reliable estimation.
Desertification, Resilience and Re-greening in the African Sahel – A matter of the observation period?

Abstract. Since the turn of the millennium various scientific publications have been discussing a re-greening of the Sahel after the 1980s drought mainly based on coarse-resolution satellite data. However, the author's own field studies suggest that the situation is far more complex and that both paradigms, the encroaching Sahara and the re-greening Sahel , need to be questioned. This paper discusses the concepts of desertification, resilience, and re-greening by addressing four main aspects: (i) the relevance of edaphic factors for a vegetation re-greening, (ii-iii) the importance of the selected observation period in the debate on Sahel greening or browning, and (iv) modifications in the vegetation pattern as possible indicators of ecosystem changes (shift from originally diffuse to contracted vegetation patterns). The data referred to in this paper cover a time period of more than 150 years and include the author's own research results from the early 1980s until today. A special emphasis, apart from fieldwork data and remote sensing data, is laid on the historical documents. The key findings summarised at the end show the following: (i) vegetation recovery predominantly depends on soil types; (ii) when discussing Sahel greening vs. Sahel browning, the majority of research papers only focus on post-drought conditions. Taking pre-drought conditions (before the 1980s) into account, however, is essential to fully understand the situation. Botanical investigations and remote-sensing-based time series clearly show a substantial decline in woody species diversity and cover density compared to pre-drought conditions; (iii) the self-organised patchiness of vegetation is considered to be an important indicator of ecosystem changes.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Shellfish Larval Probiotic Bacillus Draft Genome Sequence of the Shellfish Larval Probiotic Bacillus pumilus RI06-95 pumilus RI06-95

Bacillus pumilus RI06-95 is a marine bacterium isolated in Narragansett, Rhode Island, which has shown probiotic activity against marine pathogens in larval shellﬁsh. We report the genome of B. pumilus RI06-95, which provides insight into the mi-crobe’s probiotic ability and may be used in future studies of the probiotic mechanism
The order Fenestrata (Bryozoa) of the Toroweap Formation (Permian), southern Nevada

Recently developed analytical procedures for meshwork fenestrate and pinnate bryozoans made it possible to recognize two Russian species in the Toroweap Formation of southern Nevada. This analysis separates zoarial and zooecial features and emphasizes the three-dimensional form and size of the zooecial chamber as well as accessory features. In this investigation, these analytical procedures are successful even when specimens are fragmented and embedded in a hard rock matrix. The bryozoans in the Toroweap Formation in this study were found to be more similar to Permian species of the Russian platform than to species described in earlier North American Permian studies. Five species of fenestrate bryozoans are present in the Toroweap Formation. Wjatkella permiana Morozova, 1970, and Polypora sargaensis Trizna, 1948, originally described in Russia, are recognized in the Toroweap. Three new species, Penniretepora oppositus n. sp. , Septopora bilateralis n. sp. , and Reteporidra anaphora n. sp. , are present and, along with the Russian species, are described in this paper. The local range zones of the five species of fenestrates were identified in three measured sections. Penniretepora oppositus and Septopora bilateralis are present throughout the three sections; Reteporidra anaphora is present in the lower two-thirds of the three sections; Wjatkella permiana is present in the middle parts of the three sections; and Polypora sargaensis is present in the upper parts of the three sections. Concurrent range zones, based on ramose bryozoans, were previously identified in two of the three sections and, using the distribution of the fenestrates in these two sections, four of the five concurrent range zones were recognized in the third section.
Understanding the socioeconomic adoption scenarios for autonomous vehicles: A literature review

There is great and growing interest in autonomous vehicles (AVs), both in relation to rapid technological developments and the trialling of these developments, and the potential for their far reaching impacts on transport systems and society. The present report examines scenarios and policy and practice challenges for the adoption of AVs. Whilst it has broad relevance for societies, in the industrialised democracies at least, there is a particular focus on the UK context.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Beyond the polymerase-γ theory Production of ROS as a mode of NRTI-induced mitochondrial toxicity

Use of some HIV-1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) is associated with severe adverse events. However, the exact mechanisms behind their toxicity has not been fully understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction after chronic exposure to specific NRTIs has predominantly been assigned to mitochondrial polymerase-γ inhibition by NRTIs. However, an increasing amount of data suggests that this is not the sole mechanism. Many NRTI induced adverse events have been linked to the incurrence of oxidative stress, although the causality of events leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and their role in toxicity is unclear. In this study we show that short-term effects of first generation NRTIs, which are rarely discussed in the literature, include inhibition of oxygen consumption, decreased ATP levels and increased ROS production. Collectively these events affect fitness and longevity of C. elegans through mitohormetic signalling events. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these effects can be normalized by addition of the anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which suggests that ROS likely influence the onset and severity of adverse events upon drug exposure.
Endothelial Dysfunction , Oxidative Stress and Prognosis

There is an increasing body of evidence that oxidative stress markedly contributes to endothelial dysfunction and to poor prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease and hypertension. Among many stimuli for oxidative stress in vascular tissue, the role of angiotensin II has been extensively studied. When given acutely, angiotensin II stimulates the release of nitric oxide and activates a nonphagocytic NAD(P)H oxidase, leading to formation of superoxide and of the nitric oxide/superoxide reaction product peroxynitrite. Peroxynitrite in turn may cause tyrosine nitration of prostacyclin synthase and/or oxidation of zinc–thiolate complexes of the nitric oxide synthase associated with inhibition or uncoupling of these enzymes. Further, angiotensin II causes endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, increases the endothelin expression, and inhibition of the cGMP-cGK-I signaling cascade, all of which are secondary to angiotensin II-stimulated production of reactive oxygen species.
Mogollon Village Revisited: Recent Chronometric Results and Interpretations

ABSTRACTIn 1933 Emil Haury conducted excavations at Mogollon Village that began to establish the Mogollon as a distinct region and to develop the current phase sequence. Haury's tree-ring cutting dates document occupation at the site for roughly 160 years (a.d. 736 to 898). Recent chronometric dates from Mogollon Village, including archaeomagnetic, radiocarbon, and obsidian hydration, identify occupations prior to a.d. 700 and document structures that span a period between a.d. 120 and 898. The site may have been used as early as 400 b.c. We are aware of no other pit structure site in the region that has some level of use for over 1000 years and is not capped by Pueblo period use. This extensive occupational range provides a foundation for future investigations into settlement and subsistence in the region.
Fractures in continental shale reservoirs: a case study of the Upper Triassic strata in the SE Ordos Basin, Central China

Abstract Fractures are important for shale-gas reservoirs with low matrix porosity because they increase the effective reservoir space and migration pathways for shale gas, thus favouring an increased volume of free gas and the adsorption of gases in shale reservoirs, and they increase the specific surface area of gas-bearing shales which improves the adsorption capacity. We discuss the characteristics and dominant factors of fracture development in a continental organic matter-rich shale reservoir bed in the Yanchang Formation based on observations and descriptions of fracture systems in outcrops, drilling cores, cast-thin sections and polished sections of black shale from the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the SE Ordos Basin; detailed characteristics and parameters of fractures; analyses and tests of corresponding fracture segment samples; and the identification of fracture segments with normal logging. The results indicate that the mineral composition of the continental organic-matter-rich shale in the Yanchang Formation is clearly characterized by a low brittle mineral content and high clay mineral content relative to marine shale in the United States and China and Mesozoic continental shale in other basins. The total content of brittle minerals, such as quartz and feldspar, is c. 41%, with quartz and feldspar accounting for 22% and 19% respectively, and mainly occurring as plagioclase with small amounts of carbonate rocks. The total content of clay minerals is high at up to 52%, and mainly occurs as a mixed layer of illite-smectite (I/S) which accounts for more than 58% of the total clay mineral content. The Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation developed two groups of fracture (joint) systems: a NW–SE-trending system and near-E–W-trending system. Multiple types of fractures are observed, and they are mainly horizontal bedding seams and low-dip-angle structural fractures. Micro-fractures are primarily observed in or along organic matter bands. Shale fractures were mainly formed during Late Jurassic – late Early Cretaceous time under superimposed stress caused by regional WNW–ESE-trending horizontal compressive stress and deep burial effects. The extent of fracture development was mainly influenced by multiple factors (tectonic factors and non-tectonic factors) such as the lithology, rock mechanical properties, organic matter abundance and brittle mineral composition and content. Specifically, higher sand content has been observed to correspond to more rapid lithological changes and more extensive fracture development. In addition, higher organic matter content has been observed to correspond to greater fracture development, and higher quartz, feldspar and mixed-layer I/S contents have been observed to correspond to more extensive micro-fracture development. These results are consistent with the measured mechanical properties of the shale and silty shale, the observations of fractures in cores and thin-sections from more than 20 shale-gas drilling wells, and the registered anomalies from gas logging.
Journal Recommender: Recommendation Based on the Extension of BrCris' VIVO Ontology and OpenAlex

As a daily task, plenty of researchers submit articles to events and magazines hoping that their studies will reach more people. However, as the quantity of venues grows each day, it may be hard to know which are the best options. In the present work, an ontology-based recommender system is proposed using VIVO ontology and OpenAlex data. It discusses possible methods and validation procedures to ensure great quantitative measurements and to provide the best suggestions according to the available data.
Digital Commons @ New Haven Digital Commons @ New Haven

: A population of the polychaete Polydora ligni Webster was studied durlng 1982 and 1983 in Alewife Cove, Connecticut, USA, to determine seasonal changes in population characteristics. During early spring (March and April), the population was comprised of primarily large adults that had over-wintered. Females in this group exhibited the highest mean individual fecundity over the year (> 2000 larvae per brood). However, total larval production at this time was low (5200 to 208000 larvae m-' per 14 d) due to low densities of adults. Population density increased slowly during spring as juveniles produced by overwintering adults recruited into the population and matured into adults. While mean individual fecundity of these adults was lower (;= 1200 larvae brood-'), larval production peaked (5 884000 larvae m-2) due to their hlgh density. Population abundance peaked coincident with peaks in larval production, decreased rapidly during late summer and leveled off during fall and winter Population density was lower and fluctuated less in the second year of the study, but general seasonal patterns were repeated. Reproductive activity was continuous over the study period. The overall female-to-male sex ratio was 2.42 : 1, and females grew to significantly larger sizes than males. Besides fecundity, there were seasonal differences in the number of gametogenic segments per female and the number of eggs per capsule; there were no seasonal differences in the number of egg capsules per brood. Temporal changes in population characteristics of P. ligni differed to various degrees from those reported for related taxa and other opportunistic polychaetes. However, the general patterns were similar. Seasonal variation in the population characteristics of opportunistic polychaetes may cause responses to disturbance to vary because of changing dynamics in populations that act as sources of larvae. Seasonally varying dynamics may also be an Important evolutionary determinant of opportunistic life history traits
Paleoclimate Reconstruction from Oxygen Isotopes in a Coral Skeleton from East Africa: A Data-Enhanced Learning Experience

USAGE Permission is granted to copy this article for use in teaching and research. Republication, systematic reproduction, or collective redistribution of any portion of this article by photocopy machine, reposting, or other means is permitted only with the approval of The Oceanography Society. Send all correspondence to: info@tos.org or The Oceanography Society, PO Box 1931, Rockville, MD 20849-1931, USA. Oceanography THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE OCEANOGRAPHY SOCIETY
Journal Pre-proof On the

The observation that a socioeconomic agent with a high reputation gets a disproportionately higher recognition for the same work than an agent with lower reputation is typical in career development and wealth. This phenomenon, which is known as Matthew eﬀect in the literature, leads to an increasing inequality over time. The present paper employs an optimal control model to study the implications of the Matthew eﬀect on the optimal eﬀorts of a scientist into reputation. The solution of the model exhibits, for suﬃciently low eﬀort costs, a new type of unstable equilibrium at which eﬀort is at its upper bound. This equilibrium, which we denote as Stalling Equilibrium, serves as a threshold level separating success and failure in academia. In addition we show that at the Stalling Equilibrium the solution can be abnormal. We provide a clear economic interpretation for this solution characteristic.
Visual servoing of an Earth observation satellite of the LION constellation

Satellites for observation missions, or imagery satellites, have increased drastically in number and performances since the beginning of the space age. Recent Earth observation satellites are now equipped with new instruments that allow image processing in real-time. Issues such as ground target tracking, moving or not, can now be addressed by controlling precisely the satellite attitude. The satellite “camera” can be used as an input sensor for real-time attitude control process. This can be addressed thanks to a closed loop control scheme that includes the image acquisition and image processing parts. Real-time attitude control using such sensors will then allow the tracking of static or moving ground targets. In this paper, we propose to consider this problem using a visual servoing (VS) approach. This work is thus focused on establishing a visual control law that allows to precisely control a low orbit Earth observation starer satellite attitude using images provided by its matrix sensor. The goal is to perform acquisition missions devoted to gaze on an object of interest that is visible in the image before the VS starts. The visual sensor is fixed to the satellite, and we have full control over its three rotational degrees of freedom subject to dynamic constraints, while the satellite is moving on an orbit that only influences its position (that is not controlled by our VS scheme). Compensating for the target motion in the image by explicitly embedding it in the control scheme becomes essential when it is significant. In our case, the satellite orbit is known, so we can determine accurately its translational motion, and compensate for it in the control law. When it comes to target motion, we propose to decompose it into a known displacement caused by Earth’s dynamics and a residual motion due to its potential own motion. The contribution of this paper is a visual servoing scheme able to control the attitude of an agile Earth observation satellite for target tracking. Three visual features are selected for controlling the 3 attitude parameters, for achieving a centering task, and an orientation task. The control law allows for dealing with the satellite’s high translational velocity induced by its orbit and other external motion including Earth’s rotation and target own motion. A rate saturation algorithm is also proposed dealing with dynamic constraints. Simulations and experiments on an actual robot will be presented.
Control flow analysis

Any static, global analysis of the expression and data relationships in a program requires a knowledge of the control flow of the program. Since one of the primary reasons for doing such a global analysis in a compiler is to produce optimized programs, control flow analysis has been embedded in many compilers and has been described in several papers. An early paper by Prosser [5] described the use of Boolean matrices (or, more particularly, connectivity matrices) in flow analysis. The use of “dominance” relationships in flow analysis was first introduced by Prosser and much expanded by Lowry and Medlock [6]. References [6,8,9] describe compilers which use various forms of control flow analysis for optimization. Some recent developments in the area are reported in [4] and in [7]. The underlying motivation in all the different types of control flow analysis is the need to codify the flow relationships in the program. The codification may be in connectivity matrices, in predecessor-successor tables, in dominance lists, etc. Whatever the form, the purpose is to facilitate determining what the flow relationships are; in other words to facilitate answering such questions as: is this an inner loop? , if an expression is removed from the loop where can it be correctly and profitably placed? , which variable definitions can affect this use? In this paper the basic control flow relationships are expressed in a directed graph. Various graph constructs are then found and shown to codify interesting global relationships.