Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cytological Evaluation of canine mammary tumours with fine needle aspiration biopsy technique

Although cytopathology is widely used for early diagnosis of human tumours, it is not commonly performed in veterinary medicine. The aim of the present study was to compare cytological examination after pre-operative fine needle aspiration biopsies from canine mammary tumours (n = 31) with classical histopathology performed after surgery. Among the 26 available aspirates from various and heterogeneous mammary gland tumour masses, 20 exhibited atypical epithelial cells coupled to nucleus and/or chromatin anomalies, mitotic figures or spindle shape cells and were classified as malignant, 3 only showed modified epithelial cells and were considered as malignant suspected and 3 aspirates were considered as benign because epithelial cells appeared uniform. The most frequent histological types of tumours were malignant mixed tumours and adenocarcinomas, mainly tubular and papillary adenocarcinomas. The agreement score between the 2 techniques was 88.5%, the cytologically suspected malignant tumours being malignant by histology. These results suggest that pre-operative cytopathological examination of mammary masses may be helpful in the early malignancy diagnosis and in the therapeutic decision.
DNA Code Word Design for DNA Computing with Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Problem statement: A number of DNA computing models to solve mathematical graph problem such as the Hamiltonian Path Problem (HPP), Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), and the Shortest Path Problem (SPP), have been proposed and demonstrated. Normally, the DNA sequences used for the computation should be critically designed in order to reduce error that could occur during a computation. We have proposed a DNA computing readout method tailored specifically to HPP in DNA computing using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The DNA sequences were designed based on a procedure and DNASequenceGenerator was employed to generate the sequences required for the experiment. The drawback of the previous approach is that a pool of DNA sequences need to be generated by DNASequenceGenerator before the selection is done manually, based on several design constraints. Hence, an automatic and systematic approach is needed to generate the DNA sequences based on design constraints. Approach: In this study, a generate-and-test approach was proposed for the same problem subjected to several design constraints. The generate-and-test algorithm consists of two main levels. The first level considered the basic constraints of DNA sequence design, which were melting temperature, GC-percentage, similarity, continuity, hairpin, and H-measure. This was followed by the second level that includes specific constraints formulated based on five rules, which had been used in previous study. A generated sequence was chosen only if the sequence satisfies all the basic and specific constraints. Results: Sequences designed by generate-and-test approach have higher H-measure value than sequences generated by DNASequenceGenerator. However, the generated sequences show lower value for similarity as well as for additional constraints compared to sequences designed by DNASequenceGenerator. Conclusion: The generated DNA sequences were better compared to the sequences, obtained from DNASequenceGenerator.
Tuberculosis in Adolescents

The resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) in the United States has placed a substantial segment of the adolescent population at high risk, particularly those adolescents residing in metropolitan areas. Physicians providing health care to adolescents must be aware of the risk factors for TB and of the epidemiology of this insidious disease. Active alliances must be established among health-care professionals in the community to ensure effective screening, diagnosis, and treatment programs.
Yellow Stripe1. Expanded Roles for the Maize Iron-Phytosiderophore Transporter1

Graminaceous monocots, including most of the world's staple grains (i.e. rice, corn, and wheat) use a chelation strategy (Strategy II) for primary acquisition of iron from the soil. Strategy II plants secrete phytosiderophores (PS), compounds of the mugineic acid family that form stable Fe(III) chelates in soil. Uptake of iron-PS chelates, which occurs through specific transporters at the root surface, thus represents the primary route of iron entry into Strategy II plants. The gene Yellow stripe1 (Ys1) encodes the Fe(III)-PS transporter of maize (Zea mays). Here the physiological functions performed by maize YS1 were further defined by examining the pattern of Ys1 mRNA and protein accumulation and by defining YS1 transport specificity in detail. YS1 is able to translocate iron that is bound either by PS or by the related compound, nicotianamine; thus, the role of YS1 may be to transport either of these complexes. Ys1 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels responds rapidly to changes in iron availability but is not strongly affected by limitation of copper or zinc. Our data provide no support for the idea that YS1 is a transporter of zinc-PS, based on YS1 biochemical activity and Ys1 mRNA expression patterns in response to zinc deficiency. YS1 is capable of transporting copper-PS, but expression data suggest that the copper-PS uptake has limited significance in primary uptake of copper.
Detection of geometric transformations in copy-move forgery of digital images

Digital images and videos play the most important role in digital forensics. They are the prime evidences of any crime scene. Among all classes of image forgeries region-duplication is the simplest and most widely launched technique to forge an image. Region duplication is also known as copy-move forgery. In this type of forgery one part of the image is copied and then pasted into another part of the same image. In this paper we particularly deal with copy-move form of digital image forgery. The existing techniques for identifying copy-move forgery are based on exact block matching approach. However, the existing techniques detect an image forgery when the copied region(s) is/are directly moved to another location of the image, without undergoing any geometric transformation. In this paper we propose a technique to detect geometrically transformed copy-moved image regions. Specifically we aim to detect rotation, rescaling, as well as a combination of both. We use Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) for our purpose.
Gangliosides are Ligands for Human Noroviruses

Human noroviruses (NoVs) are known to recognize histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as attachment factors. We report the first experimental evidence that sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids (gangliosides) are also ligands for human NoVs. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry-based carbohydrate binding measurements performed on assemblies (P dimer, P particle, and virus-like particle) of recombinant viral capsid proteins of two NoV strains, VA387 (GII.4) and VA115 (GI.3), identified binding to the oligosaccharides of mono-, di-, and trisialylated gangliosides. The intrinsic (per binding site) affinities measured for these ligands are similar in magnitude (102–103 M–1) to those of human HBGAs. Binding of NoV VLPs, P particles, and glutathione S-transferase (GST)-P domain fusion proteins to sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates, observed in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, provided additional confirmation of the NoV–ganglioside interactions.
Patterns of Lesions in Hysterectomy Specimens in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

INTRODUCTION Hysterectomy is one of the most common gynaecological procedures performed all over the world. The most frequent indications for hysterectomy are fibroids, abnormal uterine bleeding uterovaginal prolapse and endometriosis. The objective of this study was to present the histopathological patterns of various uterine and adnexal pathologies in the hysterectomy specimens and also to correlate its pre-operative clinical diagnosis with histopathology. METHODS This is a two-year descriptive study of hysterectomy specimens carried out in the Department of Pathology, Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS), Lalitpur, Nepal. Data of all the hysterectomy specimens collected during this period was analyzed. RESULTS Out of the 533 cases, fibroid was the most common indication for hysterectomy that was seen in 229 (42.94%) cases followed by uterovaginal prolapse in 101 (18.93%) cases. Leiomyoma was the most common pathology reported in 250 (46.90%) hysterectomy specimens, followed by ovarian tumours in 95 (17.82%) cases. In 17.82% (95/533) cases, no pathology was seen. Overall, the pre-operative indications in 533 cases of hysterectomy were histopathologically verifiable in 487 (91.37%) cases. CONCLUSIONS Though the histopathological examination correlates well with the pre-operative clinical diagnosis, a number of lesions were also encountered as pure incidental findings. Hence, it is mandatory that every hysterectomy specimen should be subjected to histopathological examination so as to ensure better post-operative management.
Verb‐Noun Collocations in Second Language Writing: A Corpus Analysis of Learners’ English

The present study investigates the use of English verb-noun collocations in the writing of native speakers of Hebrew at three proficiency levels. For this purpose, we compiled a learner corpus that consists of about 300,000 words of argumentative and descriptive essays. For comparison purposes, we selected LOCNESS, a corpus of young adult native speakers of English. We retrieved the 220 most frequently occurring nouns in the LOCNESS corpus and in the learner corpus, created concordances for them, and extracted verb-noun collocations. Subsequently, we performed two types of comparisons: learners were compared with native speakers on the frequency of collocation use and learners were compared with other learners of different second-language proficiencies on the frequency and correctness of collocations. The data revealed that learners at all three proficiency levels produced far fewer collocations than native speakers, that the number of collocations increased only at the advanced level, and that errors, particularly interlingual ones, continued to persist even at advanced levels of proficiency. We discuss the results in light of the nature of collocations and communicative learning and suggest some pedagogical implications.
RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO Y CONTEXTO FAMILIAR EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS Academic performance and the family context in college students

A study was done with Psychology college students to examine their university and family contexts, inquiring their perceptions on the support their family provides, the problems they face within their academic process and their expectations, as well as their family’s, about their careers. Data show that a relationship does exist between the support that the students perceive and their academic performance, the importance of including the family to promote
Interior Methods for Mathematical Programs with Complementarity Constraints

This paper studies theoretical and practical properties of interior-penalty methods for mathematical programs with complementarity constraints. A framework for implementing these methods is presented, and the need for adaptive penalty update strategies is motivated with examples. The algorithm is shown to be globally convergent to strongly stationary points, under standard assumptions. These results are then extended to an interior-relaxation approach. Superlinear convergence to strongly stationary points is also established. Two strategies for updating the penalty parameter are proposed, and their efficiency and robustness are studied on an extensive collection of test problems.
A Review of Hypothesized Determinants Associated with Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis) Die-Offs

Multiple determinants have been hypothesized to cause or favor disease outbreaks among free-ranging bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) populations. This paper considered direct and indirect causes of mortality, as well as potential interactions among proposed environmental, host, and agent determinants of disease. A clear, invariant relationship between a single agent and field outbreaks has not yet been documented, in part due to methodological limitations and practical challenges associated with developing rigorous study designs. Therefore, although there is a need to develop predictive models for outbreaks and validated mitigation strategies, uncertainty remains as to whether outbreaks are due to endemic or recently introduced agents. Consequently, absence of established and universal explanations for outbreaks contributes to conflict among wildlife and livestock stakeholders over land use and management practices. This example illustrates the challenge of developing comprehensive models for understanding and managing wildlife diseases in complex biological and sociological environments.
[Analysis of fatty acids from the flowers of Trollius chinensis].

OBJECTIVE To analyze and identify fatty acids from the flowers of Trollius chinensis Bunge. METHODS To isolate and determine the constituents using GC/MS technique, quantitatively analyze their content by area normalization method. RESULTS 31 fatty acids and 7 other constituents were isolated and determined. CONCLUSION The major fatty acids were hexadecanoic (19.85%), (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic (14.37%), tetradecanoic (13.93%), (Z)-9-octadecenoic (13.00%), dodecanoic (6.79%), 10-hydroxy-hexadecanoic (4.37%) and octadecanoic (3.34%) acids.
A Genome-Wide Hybrid Incompatibility Landscape between Caenorhabditis briggsae and C. nigoni

Systematic characterization of ẖybrid incompatibility (HI) between related species remains the key to understanding speciation. The genetic basis of HI has been intensively studied in Drosophila species, but remains largely unknown in other species, including nematodes, which is mainly due to the lack of a sister species with which C. elegans can mate and produce viable progeny. The recent discovery of a C. briggsae sister species, C. nigoni, has opened up the possibility of dissecting the genetic basis of HI in nematode species. However, the paucity of dominant and visible marker prevents the efficient mapping of HI loci between the two species. To elucidate the genetic basis of speciation in nematode species, we first generated 96 chromosomally integrated GFP markers in the C. briggsae genome and mapped them into the defined locations by PCR and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Aided by the marker, we backcrossed the GFP-associated C. briggsae genomic fragments into C. nigoni for at least 15 generations and produced 111 independent introgressions. The introgression fragments cover most of the C. briggsae genome. We finally dissected the patterns of HI by scoring the embryonic lethality, larval arrest, sex ratio and male sterility for each introgression line, through which we identified pervasive HI loci and produced a genome-wide landscape of HI between the two nematode species, the first of its type for any non-Drosophila species. The HI data not only provided insights into the genetic basis of speciation, but also established a framework for the possible cloning of HI loci between the two nematode species. Furthermore, the data on hybrids confirmed Haldane’s rule and suggested the presence of a large X effect in terms of fertility between the two species. Importantly, this work opens a new avenue for studying speciation genetics between nematode species and allows parallel comparison of the HI with that in Drosophila and other species.
Secure Localized Node Positioning in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks Using PSO

The result of various routing protocol of mobile ad-hoc networks use the concept of Euclidean space. Such approaches of this system will avail the mobile nodes position from previously used distance which measures static and dynamic mobile node positioning. The number of security issues increase when node position is known in advance. To put forth this, our strategy is to defect such security breaches using PSO and make an effective IDS. The simulated result portrays DREAM protocol to shoot out Sybil attack that replicates mobile id within the boundary. Our assumption is that the mobile boundary has the account of mobile node and its neighbor with their distance measurement taken from routing protocol. The usage of PSO provides fitness value that tends to identify the mobile node neighbor within the boundary and thus enhances secure zone for ad-hoc transmission.
Number-Theoretic Reference Problems

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Phenotypic heterogeneity of melanoma. Relation to the differentiation program of melanoma cells

Phenotypic heterogeneity is a characteristic feature of tumor lesions in patients with melanoma. Variability can be observed in cell morphology, pigmentation, and antigen expression. To test whether phenotypic heterogeneity could be the result of events regulated during cell differentiation, we evaluated the expression of a panel of differentiation traits on melanoma cells. Metastatic melanoma lesions from two patients, designated FD and AP, were examined histologically and found to contain mixed populations of cells. Established melanoma cell lines derived from each of these lesions were subcloned at early passage in culture (passages 7 and 8) to create a panel of clones derived from each tumor. There was heterogeneity in the expression of differentiation-related traits in clones, corresponding to distinct phenotypes observed within the original tumors. Clones from patient FD corresponded to early to intermediate stages of melanocyte differentiation, and clones from patient AP ranged from intermediate to late stages. The influence of cholera toxin and PMA on differentiation of parental cultures and subclone was studied. Results of induction studies demonstrated a number of features of differentiation of melanoma cells: regulation of differentiation traits is coordinated as a program of traits expressed sequentially at specific stages; early traits, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor and the melanoma chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan antigen, are downregulated as melanoma cells differentiate, whereas late markers, including melanin, tyrosinase activity, and antigens expressed in mature melanosomes, are upregulated; Ia (class II major histocompatibility) antigens are characteristically expressed on melanomas corresponding to early or intermediate stages of differentiation and are regulated as part of the differentiation program; minimal changes in stage of differentiation were observed during induction of parental cultures with either cholera toxin or PMA, whereas definite shifts in differentiation could be induced in selected cloned subpopulations. We conclude that melanoma cells are not frozen at a specific stage of differentiation, but rather are capable of differentiating when exposed to appropriate signals. Diversity in the differentiation state of melanoma cells can account for much of the phenotypic heterogeneity observed in melanoma lesions.
Financial Analysts Joumal Search for the Best Financial Performance Measure : Yes , Basics Are Better — If You Understand Them

In their comment "Search for the Best Financial Performance Measure: Basics Are Better" January / February 1998), Robert Ferguson and Dean Leistikow critiqued the refined economic value added (REVA) measure we introduced in "The Search for the Best Financial Performance Measure" (May/ Jvme 1997). Ferguson and Leistikow argued that the original economic value added (EVA) meastire is superior. This reaction v̂ âs surprising to us. Because REVA and EVA differ only with regard to the capital base, the only point of contention is which capital base—EVA's adjusted book value or REVA's market value—is a better measure of value. Unfortunately, Ferguson and Leistikow's logical errors in interpreting REVA apparently led them to miss this point. In this letter, we briefly refute the key criticisms raised by Ferguson and Leistikow, which are given in the quotations we use here as subheads. As we clarify in the following arguments, any criticisms of REVA that are unrelated to the estimation of capital can also be applied to EVA. Similarly, any problems that EVA addresses can be addressed by REVA. "[T]heir REVA variable is highly significant, but their R^s are virtually zero. " Ferguson and Leistikow argued that our correlations are too low and that "REVA almost surely. explains virtually nothing. " This argument is curious: If REVA's correlation with abnormal stock returns is "too low," how can EVA, which has an even lower correlation, be a better measure? Unfortunately, no "theoretically appropriate" benchmark correlation between REVA and abnormal return exists. For example, we cannot assert that, say, 30 percent of the variation in abnormal returns, on average, is the result of managerial behavior, so a regression on abnormal stock returns cotild be expected to be 30 percent.
Insulin in the Brain: Its Pathophysiological Implications for States Related with Central Insulin Resistance, Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease

Although the brain has been considered an insulin-insensitive organ, recent reports on the location of insulin and its receptors in the brain have introduced new ways of considering this hormone responsible for several functions. The origin of insulin in the brain has been explained from peripheral or central sources, or both. Regardless of whether insulin is of peripheral origin or produced in the brain, this hormone may act through its own receptors present in the brain. The molecular events through which insulin functions in the brain are the same as those operating in the periphery. However, certain insulin actions are different in the central nervous system, such as hormone-induced glucose uptake due to a low insulin-sensitive GLUT-4 activity, and because of the predominant presence of GLUT-1 and GLUT-3. In addition, insulin in the brain contributes to the control of nutrient homeostasis, reproduction, cognition, and memory, as well as to neurotrophic, neuromodulatory, and neuroprotective effects. Alterations of these functional activities may contribute to the manifestation of several clinical entities, such as central insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A close association between T2DM and AD has been reported, to the extent that AD is twice more frequent in diabetic patients, and some authors have proposed the name “type 3 diabetes” for this association. There are links between AD and T2DM through mitochondrial alterations and oxidative stress, altered energy and glucose metabolism, cholesterol modifications, dysfunctional protein O-GlcNAcylation, formation of amyloid plaques, altered Aβ metabolism, and tau hyperphosphorylation. Advances in the knowledge of preclinical AD and T2DM may be a major stimulus for the development of treatment for preventing the pathogenic events of these disorders, mainly those focused on reducing brain insulin resistance, which is seems to be a common ground for both pathological entities.