Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LayerFolding: discovering creative links in word association networks

A frequent challenge in creative tasks such as advertising is finding novel and concrete representations of abstract concepts. We cast this problem as finding, in word association networks, the relevant indirect associations of a given node. We propose a novel approach, LayerFolding, which selects nodes at increasing distances from the given node, according to their relatedness to it. The relatedness is calculated based on the shortest paths that are potentially coherent. In a test against a small set of visual representations of abstract concepts found in real advertisements, LayerFolding provides a 79% recall, and outperforms other two popular semantic relatedness measures.
Effects of Ni particle addition on microstructure and properties of SnAg based composite solders

In recent years, environmental concerns have attracted more and more attention in many countries due to poisonous elemental of Pb in the traditional lead-based solders. Many countries are about to prohibit the use of lead-bearing solders in microelectronic packaging. Replacement of tin-lead eutectic solders has become a worldwide trend. Among the candidate lead-free solders, SnAg and SnAgCu are the foremost candidates because of their nontoxic nature and better processing performance. Eutectic Sn-3.5Ag solder shows excellent mechanical properties with comparable wetting characteristics with SnPb solders. Its higher melting point makes it more suitable for higher temperature applications. Failure of microelectronic packaging most likely happens due to the poor creep and thermomechanical fatigue properties of solder alloy. Published papers show that composite solders offer improved properties as compared to noncomposite solders. Plating Ni on substrate is commonly used for preventing the interfacial IMC growth in solder joints serving. Ni reinforcement particles were incorporated to solder alloys in current research in order to stabilize the microstructure. In this study, composite solders were prepared by mechanically dispersing approximately 4mum size Ni reinforcement particles into the Sn-3.5Ag solder paste. In order to study the effects of volume fraction of the reinforcing phases, composite solders with 1, 3, 5, 8 and 10 volume percent Ni particles were studied. The single shear lap joints were fabricated using the composite solders. Influence of Ni volume fraction on mechanical properties, wettability and microstructure of solder joints were investigated. The morphology, size and distribution of the reinforcing phases were characterized metallographically. The experimental results show that shear strength of solder joints were increased with the proportion of Ni particles. However, beyond 5%Ni, the increasing rate slows down with the Ni volume fraction. Calculation shows that the shear strengths of composite solder joints with 5 vol% Ni particles could increase about 30% as compared to the Sn-3.5Ag solder joint. The morphology of the intermetallic compounds (IMC) both at the Cu-solder interfaces and around Ni reinforcement particles were analyzed. The spreading areas of composite solder with different Ni particles additions on Cu substrate were calculated. Sn3.5Ag composite solder reinforced with 1% Ni particles spread into the most circular shape and its visual surface qualities were better as compared to other composite solders on Cu substrate. The spreading areas increased more than 15% under this condition. The spreading area decreased with increasing Ni volume fraction beyond 1%Ni. When the proportion increased to 5%, the spreading area of composite solders dropped back to that of Sn-3.5Ag solder
LibAlchemy: A Two-Layer Persistent Summary Design for Taming Third-Party Libraries in Static Bug-Finding Systems

Despite the benefits of using third-party libraries (TPLs), the mis-use of TPL functions raises quality and security concerns. Using traditional static analysis to detect bugs caused by TPL function is non-trivial. One promising solution would be to automatically generate and persist the summaries of TPL functions offline and then reuse these summaries in compositional static analysis online. However, when dealing with millions of lines of TPL code, the summaries designed by existing studies suffer from an unresolved paradox. That is, a highly precise form of summary leads to an unaf-fordable space and time overhead, while an imprecise one seriously hurts its precision or recall. To address the paradox, we propose a novel two-layer summary design. The first layer utilizes a line-sized program representation known as the program dependence graph to compactly encode path conditions, while the second layer encodes bug-type-specific properties. We implemented our idea as a tool called LibAlchemy and evaluated it on fifteen mature and extensively checked open-source projects. Experimental results show that LibAlchemy can check over ten million lines of code within ten hours. LibAlchemy has detected 55 true bugs with a high precision of 90.16%, eleven of which have been assigned CVE IDs. Compared to whole-program
XTRACT: a system for extracting document type descriptors from XML documents

XML is rapidly emerging as the new standard for data representation and exchange on the Web. An XML document can be accompanied by a Document Type Descriptor (DTD) which plays the role of a schema for an XML data collection. DTDs contain valuable information on the structure of documents and thus have a crucial role in the efficient storage of XML data, as well as the effective formulation and optimization of XML queries. In this paper, we propose XTRACT, a novel system for inferring a DTD schema for a database of XML documents. Since the DTD syntax incorporates the full expressive power of regular expressions, naive approaches typically fail to produce concise and intuitive DTDs. Instead, the XTRACT inference algorithms employ a sequence of sophisticated steps that involve: (1) finding patterns in the input sequences and replacing them with regular expressions to generate “general” candidate DTDs, (2) factoring candidate DTDs using adaptations of algorithms from the logic optimization literature, and (3) applying the Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle to find the best DTD among the candidates. The results of our experiments with real-life and synthetic DTDs demonstrate the effectiveness of XTRACT's approach in inferring concise and semantically meaningful DTD schemas for XML databases.
Toward study of features associated with natural sleep posture using a depth sensor

Estimating the sleeping posture of a person under natural resting environment is a very complex problem. In this study, a new non-invasive framework is proposed for exploring features defining sleep postures of a person. Three dimensional depth scans as well as the cross-sectional scans of the static sleeping body are developed using the measured depth data. These features can then be used in order to estimate the changes in patterns associated with the head, limbs and torso position in depth images. Scans of the sleeping postures are taken at various cross sectional directions. 1D and 2D Fast Fourier Transformation are explored in order to provide complementary feature of the scans. We also generate grids on the horizontal sleeping plane. In the depth image, each grid has a quadrangle configuration which can further be divided into two triangular meshes. We calculated a surface normal vector to each of the mesh. Given a 2D scan strip perpendicular for the sleeping plane, variations of the normal along such scan strips can be used as other local features. These selected features can be further integrated as a part of natural sleep posture estimation methods.
Investigating the Influence of Security, Privacy, and Legal Concerns on Employees' Intention to Use BYOD Mobile Devices

The concept of Bring-Your-Own-Device (BYOD) describes the trend of employees using their private mobile devices to manage corporate data from anywhere at any time. BYOD can increase employees' productivity and be cost-cutting for organizations. To implement BYOD, organizations are dependent on employees’ acceptance of BYOD, because employees' participation usually is voluntary. As employees' acceptance is affected by uncertainty, we investigate the influence of security, privacy, and legal concerns on the intention to use BYOD mobile devices. A research model is developed based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and the technology acceptance model (TAM), which is tested by means of structural equation modeling (SEM) with data collected from 151 employees. Our results indicate a significant impact of the concerns on employees’ acceptance. Moreover, our study reveals employees' indecision towards their intention to use their private mobile devices for working purposes. Several implications for future research and practitioners are given.
Rule Modeling Engine for Optimizing Complex Event Processing Patterns

Abstract— In Complex Event Processing (CEP), we dealwith how to search through a sequence of incoming eventsto find a specified and desired pattern. CEP has a broaduse in today enterprise. It can act on sent and/or receivedevents. The result can generate other events that can beused in different layers of an enterprise system. Growingnumber of areas dealing with arisen events like BusinessActivity Monitoring (BAM), Fraud detection and intrusiondetection makes CEP a hot topic for researchers.Generating efficient high-performance patterns is theissue which has been addressed in this paper. The patterncan be made from any query given by user. The userdefined query is CQL (Continuous Query Language)which is relevant for time series data. NFA (NondeterministicFinite Automaton) is used for modelingpatterns although it has some defects which are addressed.The focus of this paper is on developing a rule modelingengine and taking into account the role of historical datato make efficient patterns. We developed some algorithmsfor each component of proposed model. The results areoptimized patterns produced based on historical data andqueries given by user. Finally we show that thesetechniques can be efficient when we deal with high volumeevent-base data.
Diversity Embedded Streaming Erasure Codes (DE-SCo): Constructions and Optimality

Streaming erasure codes encode a source stream to guarantee that each source packet is recovered within a fixed delay at the receiver over a burst-erasure channel. This paper introduces diversity embedded streaming erasure codes (DE-SCo), that provide a flexible trade-off between the channel quality and receiver delay. When the channel conditions are good, the source stream is recovered with a low delay, whereas when the channel conditions are poor the source stream is still recovered, albeit with a larger delay. Information theoretic analysis of the underlying burst-erasure broadcast channel reveals that DE-SCo achieve the minimum possible delay for the weaker user, without sacrificing the performance of the stronger user. A larger class of multicast streaming erasure codes (MU-SCo) that achieve optimal tradeoff between rate, delay and erasure-burst length is also constructed.
On the Generation and Interpretation of Demonstrative Expressions

This paper presents necessary and sufficient conditions for the use of demonstrative expressions in English and discusses implications for current discourse processing algorithms. We examine a broad range of texts to show how the distribution of demonstrative forms and functions is genre dependent. This research is part of a larger study of anaphoric expressions, the results of which will be incorporated into a natural language generation system.
Schema Mediation in Peer Data Management Systems

Peer Data Management Systems (PDMSs) allow the efficient sharing of data between peers with overlapping sources of information. These sources share data through mappings between peers. In current systems, queries are asked over each peer's local schema and then translated using the mappings between peers. While this allows the data to be accessed uniformly, users lack access to information that is not in their own schemas. In this paper, we propose a light-weight, automatic method to create a mediated schema in a PDMS. Our work benefits PDMSs by allowing access to more data and without unduly stressing the peer's resources or requiring additional resources such as ontologies. We present our system — MePSys, which creates a mediated schema in PDMSs automatically using the existing mappings provided to translate queries. We further discuss how to update the mediated schema in a stable state, i.e. after the system setup period.
The Autophagic and Endocytic Pathways Converge at the Nascent Autophagic Vacuoles

We used an improved cryosectioning technique in combination with immunogold cytochemistry and morphometric analysis to study the convergence of the autophagic and endocytic pathways in isolated rat hepatocytes. The endocytic pathway was traced by continuous uptake of gold tracer for various time periods, up to 45 min, while the cells were incubated in serum-free medium to induce autophagy. Endocytic structures involved in fusion with autophagic vacuoles (AV) were categorized into multivesicular endosomes (MVE) and vesicular endosomes (VE). Three types of AV—initial (AVi), intermediate (AVi/d), and degradative (AVd)—were defined by morphological criteria and immunogold labeling characteristics of marker enzymes. The entry of tracer into AV, manifested as either tracer-containing AV profiles (AV+) or fusion profiles (FP+) between AV and tracer-positive endosomal vesicles/vacuoles, was detected as early as 10 min after endocytosis. The number of AV+ exhibited an exponential increase with time. FP+ between MVE or VE and all three types of AV were observed. Among the 112 FP+ scored, 36% involved VE. Of the AV types, AVi and AVi/d were found five to six times more likely to be involved in fusions than AVd. These fusion patterns did not significantly change during the period of endocytosis (15–45 min). We conclude that the autophagic and endocytic pathways converge in a multistage fashion starting within 10 min of endocytosis. The nascent AV is the most upstream and preferred fusion partner for endosomes.
An impossible game: Stable nuclear deterrence after the Indian and Pakistani tests

Mario E. Carranza is Associate Professor of Political Science at Texas A & M University-Kingsville. He has published articles in Asian Survey, The Journal of Peace Research, Latin American Perspectives, and International Politics, as well as a book (in Spanish) on the armed forces in Latin America. He has been a MacArthur postdoctoral fellow at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. [Editor’s Note: This article was completed prior to the most recent outbreak of fighting, on May 26, between India and Pakistan over Kashmir. These events provide a dramatic illustration of certain scenarios that Carranza discusses below as hypothetical possibilities. ] AN IMPOSSIBLE GAME: STABLE NUCLEAR DETERRENCE AFTER THE INDIAN AND PAKISTANI TESTS
Multipurpose image watermarking algorithm based on multistage vector quantization

The rapid growth of digital multimedia and Internet technologies has made copyright protection, copy protection, and integrity verification three important issues in the digital world. To solve these problems, the digital watermarking technique has been presented and widely researched. Traditional watermarking algorithms are mostly based on discrete transform domains, such as the discrete cosine transform, discrete Fourier transform (DFT), and discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Most of these algorithms are good for only one purpose. Recently, some multipurpose digital watermarking methods have been presented, which can achieve the goal of content authentication and copyright protection simultaneously. However, they are based on DWT or DFT. Lately, several robust watermarking schemes based on vector quantization (VQ) have been presented, but they can only be used for copyright protection. In this paper, we present a novel multipurpose digital image watermarking method based on the multistage vector quantizer structure, which can be applied to image authentication and copyright protection. In the proposed method, the semi-fragile watermark and the robust watermark are embedded in different VQ stages using different techniques, and both of them can be extracted without the original image. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm in terms of robustness and fragility.
PinPoint Time Difference of Arrival for Unsynchronized 802.11 Wireless Cards

The ability to measure location using time of flight in 802.11 networks is impeded by the standard one microsecond clock resolution, imprecise synchronization of the 802.11 protocol, and the inaccuracy of available clock oscillators. We demonstrate a technique for off-the-shelf 802.11 hardware that enables accurate determination of location of transmitting 802.11 devices using time difference of arrival (TDOA). The technique refines the PinPoint clock model for 802.11 wireless cards, enabling accurate translation of times from one frame of reference to another for free-running clocks and producing accurate location of transmitting nodes to within 3m. This technique can locate nodes regardless of their participation in the location system and may be applied to other wireless communication protocols where send and receive timestamps are available.
Combinations of biomarkers and Milan criteria for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation

Growing evidence suggests that pretransplant alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) predicts outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with liver transplantation. We aimed to determine whether pretransplant AFP, Lens culinaris agglutinin‐reactive alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP‐L3), and des‐gamma‐carboxyprothrombin (DCP) predicted HCC recurrence after transplantation. A retrospective cohort study of 313 HCC patients undergoing transplantation between 2000 and 2008 was conducted, and 48 (15.3%) developed recurrence during a median follow‐up of 90.8 months. The 127 patients with available serum drawn before transplantation were included; they included 86 without recurrence and 41 with recurrence. Serum was tested for AFP, AFP‐L3%, and DCP in a blinded fashion with the μTASWako i30 immunoanalyzer. All biomarkers were significantly associated with HCC recurrence. The hazard ratios (HRs) were 3.5 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.9‐6.7; P < 0.0001] for DCP ≥ 7.5 ng/mL and 2.8 (95% CI, 1.4‐5.4; P = 0.002) for AFP ≥ 250 ng/mL. The HR increased to 5.2 (95% CI, 2.3‐12.0; P < 0.0001) when AFP ≥ 250 ng/mL and DCP ≥7.5 ng/mL were considered together. When they were combined with the Milan criteria, the HR increased from 2.6 (95% CI, 1.4‐4.7; P = 0.003) for outside the Milan criteria to 8.6 (95% CI, 3.0‐24.6; P < 0.0001) for outside the Milan criteria and AFP ≥ 250 ng/mL and to 7.2 (95% CI, 2.8‐18.1; P < 0.0001) for outside the Milan criteria and DCP ≥7.5 ng/mL. Our findings suggest that biomarkers are useful for predicting the risk of HCC recurrence after transplantation. Using both biomarkers and the Milan criteria may be better than using the Milan criteria alone in optimizing the decision of liver transplantation eligibility. Liver Transpl 21:599–606, 2015. © 2015 AASLD.
Ancient Grains and New Markets: The Selling of Quinoa as Story and Substance

Abstract This chapter examines the increase in global demand for quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and considers the impact of such demand on the Peruvian and Bolivian farmers who produce it. Specifically, it analyzes the social media marketing of U.S. based I Heart Keenwah (IHK) and considers the role of “storied food” with respect to corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting in a Web 2.0 context. This chapter reports the results of textual, rhetorical, and cultural analyses of the digital marketing materials IHK deploys, and considers IHK’s use of Web 2.0 tools to mobilize discourses of socially responsible marketing, and implications of industrial quinoa production on Andean biodiversity and indigenous culture. This chapter principally concludes that the social media and digital marketing materials that IHK deploys obfuscate the social, economic, and ecological complexities surrounding the quinoa industries in Peru and Bolivia. This chapter provides evidence of new tendencies in capitalist commodification, and demonstrates how the traditional and indigenous protectors of the quinoa plant species are being denied their agricultural and cultural heritages. Further more, it demonstrates how the language of corporate social responsibility is abused in the service of less sustainable, branded, and extractive imaginaries and corporate profit. Given the significant rise in international quinoa demand, IHK’s explosive economic success, and IHK’s reliance on Andean quinoa, this case study provides unique insights into global food capitalism in the age of social media.
Risk-Yuck Factor Nexus in Reclaimed Wastewater for Irrigation: Comparing Farmers’ Attitudes and Public Perception

The successes and failures of water reuse schemes are shaped by complex interrelationships between technological, economic, and socio-political factors. However, it has long been recognized that the main challenges to more effective water management are largely social rather than technical. This article reviews the recent literature (2007–2017) to analyze driving factors associated with farmers’ concerns and public perception of reclaimed wastewater for irrigation. The aim of the paper is to synthetize how both environmental and health risks and the yuck factor could be addressed in order to promote mutual understanding between farmers and the public. Results show: (1) how farmers and the public perceive environmental and health risks in a similar way, (2) how the yuck factor is more noticeable for the public than farmers, and (3) how constructed wetlands, reclaimed water exchange consortiums, product certification, and direct site visits to water reuse infrastructure could be promoted in order to foster understanding between farmers and the public. The article concludes by providing key research questions for managers and public authorities relating to how to focus on the study of technical and social issues related to water reuse.
Kupffer's vesicle is a ciliated organ of asymmetry in the zebrafish embryo that initiates left-right development of the brain, heart and gut

Monocilia have been proposed to establish the left-right (LR) body axis in vertebrate embryos by creating a directional fluid flow that triggers asymmetric gene expression. In zebrafish, dorsal forerunner cells (DFCs) express a conserved ciliary dynein gene (left-right dynein-related1, lrdr1) and form a ciliated epithelium inside a fluid-filled organ called Kupffer's vesicle (KV). Here, videomicroscopy demonstrates that cilia inside KV are motile and create a directional fluid flow just prior to the onset of asymmetric gene expression in lateral cells. Laser ablation of DFCs and surgical disruption of KV provide direct evidence that ciliated KV cells are required during early somitogenesis for subsequent LR patterning in the brain, heart and gut. Antisense morpholinos against lrdr1 disrupt KV fluid flow and perturb LR development. Furthermore, lrdr1 morpholinos targeted to DFC/KV cells demonstrate that Lrdr1 functions in these ciliated cells to control LR patterning. This provides the first direct evidence, in any vertebrate, that impairing cilia function in derivatives of the dorsal organizer, and not in other cells that express ciliogenic genes, alters LR development. Finally, genetic analysis reveals novel roles for the T-box transcription factor no tail and the Nodal signaling pathway as upstream regulators of lrdr1 expression and KV morphogenesis. We propose that KV is a transient embryonic `organ of asymmetry' that directs LR development by establishing a directional fluid flow. These results suggest that cilia are an essential component of a conserved mechanism that controls the transition from bilateral symmetry to LR asymmetry in vertebrates.