Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward a phenomenological approach to the clustering of heavy particles in turbulent flows

A simple model accounting for the ejection of heavy particles from the vortical structures of a turbulent flow is introduced. This model involves a space and time discretization of the dynamics and depends on only two parameters: the fraction of space-time occupied by rotating structures of the carrier flow and the rate at which particles are ejected from them. The latter can be heuristically related to the response time of the particles and hence is a measure of their inertia. It is shown that such a model reproduces qualitatively most aspects of the spatial distribution of heavy particles transported by realistic flows. In particular the probability density function of the mass m in a cell displays a power-law behaviour at small values and decreases faster than exponentially at large values. The dependence of the exponent of the first tail upon the parameters of the dynamics is explicitly derived for the model. The right tail is shown to decrease as exp (−C m log m). Finally, the distribution of mass averaged over several cells is shown to obey rescaling properties as a function of the coarse-grain size and of the ejection rate of the particles. Contrary to what has been observed in direct numerical simulations of turbulent flows (Bec J et al 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 084502), such rescaling properties are only due in the model to the mass dynamics of the particles and do not involve any scaling properties in the spatial structure of the carrier flow.
Preferential Activation and Depletion of the Alternative Complement Pathway by Burn Injury

Complement levels of eight adult burn patients (25% to 90% body surface area) were studied upon admission to a burn unit and sequentially for one week. Mean classical pathway titers (CH50) were 49% below the normal mean, while hemolytic C4 titers were reduced by 53% and C3 by 43%. However, the alternative pathway titer was reduced by more than 90%, suggesting preferential depletion of this pathway. This depletion was associated with sepsis, pneumonia, and “shock lung. ” Alternative pathway deficiency was still present one week post-burn, and may contribute to the susceptibility of burn patients to bacterial sepsis.
NEW FAST FACTORIZATION METHOD FOR MULTIVARIATE OPTIMIZATION AND ITS REALIZATION AS ICA ALGORITHM

A new framework for multivariate optimization by criteria invariant under componentwise scaling is constructed. These problems are naturally considered as problems on the coset . We show that there is a duality between the optimization flow on this coset and the dynamics of quantum lattice with inner degrees of freedom. Then we propose a new algorithm for optimization problems on this coset named nested Newton’s method, whose essence is the ignorance of -body interactions with if we explain it by using its analogy to quantum lattice. This method is readily applicable as a highly useful ICA algorithm, which is robust under gaussian noises, quite fast, and practical for large dimensional problems. The last feature comes from the fact that our method requires memory space of order , whereas the conventional Newton’s method for ICA (and the JADE) requires that of order . The matlab code for this algorithm is available from our web-site.
The Role of the Listener: Addressee Influences on Message Formulation

Psycholinguistic models tend to depict speech production as a unidirectional process in which speakers create messages for generic addressees. Missing from such characterisations is an analysis of the process by which addressees influence the form and content of messages created for them. Addressees affect message form and content in at least two ways: (1) Their personal characteristics help define the common ground they share with the speaker and, hence, the knowledge the speaker can draw upon in formulating messages; (2) In conversation, their on-line responses serve to inform the speaker about changes in their knowledge state and, hence, about the communicative effectiveness of the messages transmitted. A series of experiments illustrating these processes is described.
Through the troll forest: exploring tabletop interaction design for children with special cognitive needs

We describe the interaction design process of conceiving, designing, implementing, and testing Trollskogen, a purpose-built tabletop multitouch system featuring a range of small software applications, termed 'micro applications'. Each micro application is devised as a tool intended to improve or allow for exercise of social communication skills. Throughout the project, we have worked closely with a group of six children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Down's syndrome, all in the age range of 5-8. The system has been designed together with the users, their teachers, and various experts as a complement to the current curricula. In this paper, the three main phases of our design process are described and we conclude the paper by reporting on and discussing some preliminary findings and observations from a small user study.
Is Irish Public Opinion towards Crime Distorted by Media Bias?

Despite relatively low crime rates, the Irish public believes itself to be experiencing a law and order crisis. In this article, it is argued that a plausible explanation for the public misperception is the distorted image of crime in the media. A sample of over 2000 Irish newspaper articles dealing with crime is analysed and it is argued that there are four ways in which the press skews the representation of crime. These are the bias towards extreme and atypical offences in terms of frequency, the bias towards those extreme offences in terms of newspaper space, the bias towards stories involving vulnerable victims and invulnerable offenders and the bias towards pessimistic accounts of the criminal justice system generally. By incorporating the cognitive heuristic of `availability', an elegant explanation of the relationship between biased media accounts and distorted public opinion can be offered.
George Eliot's Realism and Adam Smith

"Young ladies don't understand political economy," Mr. Brooke explains in Middlemarch, "I remember when we were all reading Adam Smith. There is a book, now. "' Although references to economics are invariably satirical in George Eliot's fiction, her later novels borrow extensively from Smith. The images that George Eliot selects in Felix Holt as emblems of her own realism-a milkmaid, an election day mob, and a chessboard-are indebted to Smith, particularly to his focus on the ways in which each person's career interferes with that of every other, whether for good or for ill. Smith articulated for George Eliot the "ground up" quality of a modern society: that is, the emergence of its large-scale institutions from the day-to-day interactions of its citizens. His insistence that a society is shaped from below turned out to be more than a principle of sociological analysis; it was, unexpectedly, a rule of thumb for constructing a realistic novel.2 Smith's The Theory of Moral Sentiments and The Wealth of Nations would have been familiar to George Eliot early in her career, belonging as they did to the ordinary cultural competence of a nineteenth-century intellectual. Yet the allusions studied here turn up exclusively in her later writings. I suggest that George Eliot remembered Smith's language as her understanding of realism evolved in the sequence of novels from Silas Marnerto Middlemarch On the evidence of these novels, it is likely that her assumptions about realism developed of their own accord; nonetheless, the uses to which George Eliot puts Smith help to pick out a number of her central literary and imaginative prejudices in Felix Holt and Middlemarch. In a real sense, I will argue, George Eliot deepens Smith's conviction that a society makes itself from below.
Religious Parties and Politics in Pakistan

In October 2002, for the first time in Pakistan’s history, a sizeable share of the population voted for religious parties. Some Pakistanis, and most Western analysts, interpret this as signaling the rise of a major fundamentalist religious movement. We suggest, however, that in large part, this phenomenon can be viewed as a protest vote, made as a rebuke to the major political parties, which have failed so far to provide any solutions to Pakistan’s poverty and misery. This article examines the viewpoints of various analysts, representing various schools of thought in Pakistan.
The Ecological and Developmental Role of Recovery High Schools

Recovery high schools are secondary schools designed specifically for students recovering from substance use or co-occurring disorders. Studies have affirmed the chronic nature of substance use disorders and the developmental value of social supports for adolescents. As part of understanding human growth and development, training programs for human service professionals (teachers, counselors, and social workers) emphasize comprehension and application of developmental theories. Recovery high schools provide the opportunity to apply developmental constructs to support adolescent students as they learn to live a life of recovery in the midst of chronic challenges. Earlier articles in this issue have offered descriptive, evaluative, and applied analyses of recovery high schools. This article adds to the practical understanding of recovery high schools by providing a synthesis of how developmental concepts form a foundation for recovery high school environments and cultures. Four theories—Bronfenbrenner's social ecology, Bandura's social cognitive learning theory, Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, and Kegan's constructive developmentalism—are applied to a case showing how recovery schools can and do utilize concepts from these theories.
Knowledge and Value Creation in Professional Service Firms: A Framework for Analysis

This article presents a comprehensive framework for the analysis of value creation and knowledge development in general and, in particular, for professional service firms (PSFs). The framework integrates the relationship between the domain choice and the resource (or knowledge) base, and argues that the bridge between the two is best explained as value creation processes (VCPs) with two interrelated dimensions: direct value creation for the clients, and indirect value creation in terms of enhancing the knowledge base.
Signaling by the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme

Inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) protects against the progression of several cardiovascular diseases. Because of its dual role in regulating angiotensin II and bradykinin levels, the positive clinical effects of ACE inhibitors were thought to be the consequence of concomitant reductions in the production of angiotensin II and the degradation of bradykinin. Recent evidence suggests that some of the beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors on cardiovascular function and homeostasis can be attributed to novel mechanisms. These include the accumulation of the ACE substrate N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline, which blocks collagen deposition in the injured heart, as well as the activation of an ACE signaling cascade that involves the activation of the kinase CK2 and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase in endothelial cells and leads to changes in gene expression. Moreover, at least one other ACE homologue (ACE2) is proposed to counteract the detrimental effects associated with the activation of the classical renin-angiotensin system. These data reveal hitherto unexpected levels of internal regulation of the renin-angiotensin system.
Implicit Learning in 3D Object Recognition: The Importance of Temporal Context

A novel architecture and set of learning rules for cortical self-organization is proposed. The model is based on the idea that multiple information channels can modulate one another's plasticity. Features learned from bottom-up information sources can thus be influenced by those learned from contextual pathways, and vice versa. A maximum likelihood cost function allows this scheme to be implemented in a biologically feasible, hierarchical neural circuit. In simulations of the model, we first demonstrate the utility of temporal context in modulating plasticity. The model learns a representation that categorizes people's faces according to identity, independent of viewpoint, by taking advantage of the temporal continuity in image sequences. In a second set of simulations, we add plasticity to the contextual stream and explore variations in the architecture. In this case, the model learns a two-tiered representation, starting with a coarse view-based clustering and proceeding to a finer clustering of more specific stimulus features. This model provides a tenable account of how people may perform 3D object recognition in a hierarchical, bottom-up fashion.
Posttraumatic Growth among Adolescents

This study examined posttraumatic growth (PTG), the construing of benefits from a traumatic event, in a sample of 435 mostly Hispanic adolescentswho experienced a major life event within the previous 3 years. Levels of PTG did not differ between experienced negative life events. The relationship between PTG and sociodemographics, substance use, religiosity, and depression was explored. Age and religiosity were positively associated with PTG, whereas substance use was inversely associated with PTG. Only age and substance use remained associated with PTG after adjusting for all other variables in a multiple regression analysis. These results demonstrate the existence of PTG among an adolescent population and suggest that PTG can be related to important health behaviors such as substance use.
Goerner on Thomistic Natural Law

W ITHIN RECENT YEARS, there has been a revival of interest in the ancient tradition of the virtues. Most of the contemporary discussion has focused on the moral and political philosophies of Plato and Aristotle especially. ' But medieval contributors to this ethical tradition also figure as important, and only recently have scholars outside the field of theology begun to pay heed to moral philosophers such as Saint Thomas Aquinas. The political philosopher E. A. Goemer has cleared important ground in the philosophical study of Aquinas. In his two articles on Thomistic ethics, first published in Political Theory2 he rejects Aquinas's traditional classification as a natural law theorist. Goerner identifies the presence of two ethical standards in Aquinas's thought, natural law and natural right. Goerner takes natural law to be a set of exceptionless rules prescribing or constraining action. In contrast, the natural right theorist, of which Aristotle is an example, holds that rules "are, at best, generalizations that are not universally valid but are changeable according to circumstances. "3 The real criterion of natural right ultimately must be the judgment of the virtuous person. Goerner provides an account of how these two very different standards function within Thomistic ethics. He takes up Aquinas's own distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic principles of actions.4 The intrinsic principles, moving the moral agent by love of the good, are the virtues. The extrinsic principles of action are law and grace, both of which, in some sense, move from without. Law is, minimally, constraint on the vicious, imposing penalty for violations; optimally, law can serve as an educator, "a propaedeutic to virtue. "5 Nonetheless, law does not have the perfection of fully virtuous
Effectiveness of instructor behaviours and their relationship to leadership

This study analysed qualitatively the nature of instructor behaviours and their relationship to leadership. The Critical Incident Technique was used to collect effective and ineffective incidents of instructor behaviour in military training from both instructors' and trainees' perspectives (total incidents = 1150, effective = 696, ineffective = 494), across the three UK Armed Services. Nine dimensions of instructor behaviour were developed with high inter- and intra-coder reliability. No differences were found between instructor and trainee generated incidents or among the three Armed Services. About 82% of the incidents could be recoded with high inter-coder reliability into categories of both transformational and transactional leadership. Strong relationships emerged between the following dimensions of both instructor behaviour and leadership respectively: Showing and Demonstrating, and Appropriate Role Model; Using Instructional Strategies and Intellectual Stimulation; Feedback, Practice and Adapting, and Individual Consideration; Forms of Punishment and Control, and Contingent and Non-contingent Punishment. These results inform not only the relationships between instructor behaviours and leadership but also the future training of military instructors, particularly the balance between a traditional authoritarian approach and an individualised supportive one.
Genetic Mapping of Natural Variation in Schooling Tendency in the Threespine Stickleback

Although there is a heritable basis for many animal behaviors, the genetic architecture of behavioral variation in natural populations remains mostly unknown, particularly in vertebrates. We sought to identify the genetic basis for social affiliation in two populations of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) that differ in their propensity to school. Marine sticklebacks from Japan school strongly whereas benthic sticklebacks from a lake in Canada are more solitary. Here, we expanded on our previous efforts to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for differences in schooling tendency. We tested fish multiple times in two assays that test different aspects of schooling tendency: 1) the model school assay, which presents fish with a school of eight model sticklebacks; and 2) the choice assay, in which fish are given a choice between the model school and a stationary artificial plant. We found low-to-moderate levels of repeatability, ranging from 0.1 to 0.5, in schooling phenotypes. To identify the genomic regions that contribute to differences in schooling tendency, we used QTL mapping in two types of crosses: benthic × marine backcrosses and an F2 intercross. We found two QTL for time spent with the school in the model school assay, and one QTL for number of approaches to the school in the choice assay. These QTL were on three different linkage groups, not previously linked to behavioral differences in sticklebacks. Our results highlight the importance of using multiple crosses and robust behavioral assays to uncover the genetic basis of behavioral variation in natural populations.
The Measurement of Perceived Relationship Quality Components: A Confirmatory Factor Analytic Approach

This research tested three models of how the relationship evaluation components of satisfaction, commitment, intimacy, trust, passion, and love are structured and cognitively represented. Participants in Study 1 rated their intimate relationships on six previously developed scales that measured each construct and on a new inventory—the Perceived Relationship Quality Components (PRQC) Inventory. As predicted, confirmatory factor analysis revealed that, for both sets of scales, the best-fitting model was one in which the appropriate items loaded reliably on the six first-order factors, which in turn loaded reliably on one second-order factor reflecting overall perceived relationship quality. These results were replicated on a different sample in Study 2 and across sex. Implications and advantages of the PRQC Inventory are discussed.
Natural Language Processing Paci c Rim Symposium '95 Automatic Text Classi cation Method with Simple Class-Weighting Approach

This paper proposes an automatic text classi cation method using classweighting, or group-of-term-weighting approach as an extension of termweighting approach to consider change in wording. As a measure of importance, we introduce the product of the class frequency and the inverse document frequency (of classes). We use thesaurus to group all the terms by meaning. This paper reports the result of open-test experiments against Japanese columns which clari es the e cacy of this classi cation method.
Control Scheme for Reduced Cross-Regulation in Single-Inductor Multiple-Output DC–DC Converters

Single-inductor multiple-output (SIMO) dc-dc switching regulators are potentially very good replacement to multiple parallel converters in today's power management units for portable applications where multiple supplies are required. The outputs in these converters being coupled, cross-regulation among the outputs plays a major role in deciding the performance of the system. This paper proposes a control scheme that ensures good load and line regulation and stable system dynamics and reduces cross-regulation effect significantly. In designing a control scheme, proper analysis of the system is an important factor, and SIMO class of converters being driven by a ripple in the inductor current, conventional modeling does not hold good. Consequently, a ripple-based modeling approach that accurately judges the system performance is adopted. A cross-derivative state feedback control methodology has been proposed so as to completely decouple the outputs. Finally, a single-inductor dual-output SIMO converter has been built on a printed circuit board using discrete components, and the test results presented validate the modeling technique proposed. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control scheme significantly reduces cross-regulation at the outputs.
Local contention, global framing: The protest campaigns against the TAV in Val di Susa and the bridge on the Messina Straits

Abstract Two cases of long-lasting environmental conflicts in Italy – one against the construction of a high-speed railway in Val di Susa, the other against the building of a bridge across the Messina Straits – are analysed. Recent social scientific literature has considered such conflicts as either Not in My Back Yard (NIMBY), egotistical and anti-modernist, or as a progressive defence of the quality of life in a territory. A characteristic of both these strands of literature is to consider interests as exogenous. We concentrate instead on the definition of the identity of the protestors, the stakes of the conflict, and the solutions to them as they emerge through cognitive conflicts.