Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PREVALENCE OF HEADACHE IN SWEDISH SCHOOLCHILDREN

ABSTRACT. Fourhundred and two (402) schoolchildren in the age‐groups 7, 11 and 15 years answered a questionnaire concerning headache. Recurrent headache was reported by 23% of the children, while 52% said that they had headache occasionally. Headache was more common among the older children than among the younger ones? and in the oldest age‐group headache was more common in girls than in boys. 6% of the children had consulted a physician for their headache. In most cases, the headache was of varying character. It often occurred in the afternoon and evening but even during schooltime, and was generally of short duration. Children with recurrent headache had more severe headache and headache of longer duration than children with headache occasionally who also more often thought that their headache was provoked by illness. In the oldest age‐group a positive correlation was found between headache and a high rate of absence from school, and a negative correlation between headache and grade in physical education.
Information management and governance in UK higher education institutions: bringing IT in from the cold

In the 21st Century, IT Governance is, within the broader corporate governance context, critical for all organisations. Those without an IT governance strategy face significant risks; those with one perform measurably better (Calder 2005) There has been little field based research on IT governance, and few publications help managers understand the issues involved in designing effective governance structures and processes… (Weill and Ross 2004)
The Abl pathway bifurcates to balance Enabled and Rac signaling in axon patterning in Drosophila

ABSTRACT The Abl tyrosine kinase signaling network controls cell migration, epithelial organization, axon patterning and other aspects of development. Although individual components are known, the relationships among them remain unresolved. We now use FRET measurements of pathway activity, analysis of protein localization and genetic epistasis to dissect the structure of this network in Drosophila. We find that the adaptor protein Disabled stimulates Abl kinase activity. Abl suppresses the actin-regulatory factor Enabled, and we find that Abl also acts through the GEF Trio to stimulate the signaling activity of Rac GTPase: Abl gates the activity of the spectrin repeats of Trio, allowing them to relieve intramolecular repression of Trio GEF activity by the Trio N-terminal domain. Finally, we show that a key target of Abl signaling in axons is the WAVE complex that promotes the formation of branched actin networks. Thus, we show that Abl constitutes a bifurcating network, suppressing Ena activity in parallel with stimulation of WAVE. We suggest that the balancing of linear and branched actin networks by Abl is likely to be central to its regulation of axon patterning. Summary: Genetic epistasis, protein localization and FRET assays reveal the functional organization of the Abl signaling network - a highly conserved and ubiquitous system that controls cell morphology and motility.
Notes - OPEC and the Rest of the World Trade Equilibrium - A Clarifying Note

An analysis of world-trade equilibrium and its sensitivity to OPEC's pricing policies for the case of unitary elasticity of substitution between oil and labor in production suggests the need for technological progress to increase elasticities of substitution and the returns to scale towards unity. The diversion between the analytical results and reality suggests that the elasticities are constant only at long-run equilibrium. Hence, the calming result of a demand elasticity above unity cannot be used to lower the estimates of the cost of the rest of the world because of energy price increases by OPEC. Given the elasticity of substitution moving over time towards its long-run equilibrium, it is important for policymakers to find out when it reaches unity. 5 references.
Targeting reactive oxygen species in development and progression of pancreatic cancer

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is characterized by expression of oncogenic KRas which drives all aspects of tumorigenesis. Oncogenic KRas induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which have been implicated in initiation and progression of PDA. To facilitate tumor promoting levels and to avoid oncogene-induced senescence or cytotoxicity, ROS homeostasis in PDA cells is balanced by additional up-regulation of antioxidant systems. Areas covered: We examine the sources of ROS in PDA, the mechanisms by which ROS homeostasis is maintained, and the biological consequences of ROS in PDA. Additionally, we discuss the potential mechanisms for targeting ROS homoeostasis as a point of therapeutic intervention. An extensive review of the relevant literature as it relates to the topic was conducted using PubMed. Expert commentary: Even though oncogenic mutations in the KRAS gene have been detected in over 95% of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma, targeting its gene product, KRas, has been difficult. The dependency of PDA cells on balancing ROS homeostasis could be an angle for new prevention or treatment strategies. These include use of antioxidants to prevent formation or progression of precancerous lesions, or methods to increase ROS in tumor cells to toxic levels.
Glutamate receptors at bipolar synapses in the inner plexiform layer of primate retina: Light microscopic analysis

At least 10 different types of bipolar cells have been distinguished in the primate retina. The axon terminals of these cells stratify in distinct strata in the inner plexiform layer and are involved in parallel pathways to distinct types of ganglion cells. Ionotropic glutamate receptor (GluR) subunits also show a stratified distribution in the inner plexiform layer. Here, we investigated whether different types of bipolar cells are associated with different types of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the inner retina of a New World primate, the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus. Vertical cryostat sections through central retina were double labeled with immunohistochemical markers for bipolar cell types and with antibodies to α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor subunits GluR1 to 4, kainate receptor subunits GluR6/7, and the NR1C2′ subunit of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor. The axon terminals of bipolar cell types were reconstructed from confocal sections, and the colocalized immunoreactive puncta were quantified. For all bipolar cell types, immunoreactive puncta for the AMPA receptor subunits GluR2, 2/3, and 4 were colocalized at highest densities, whereas GluR1‐immunoreactive puncta were expressed at very low densities. The kainate receptor subunits GluR6/7 were predominantly associated with diffuse bipolar (DB6) and rod bipolar cells. The NMDA receptor subunit NR1C2′ was specifically colocalized with flat midget and DB3 axons. These findings suggest that rod and cone bipolar cell types contribute to multiple but distinct glutamate receptor pathways in primate retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 466:136–147, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality improvement guidelines for transhepatic arterial chemoembolization, embolization, and chemotherapeutic infusion for hepatic malignancy.

THE membership of the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) Standards of Practice Committee represents experts in a broad spectrum of interventional procedures from the private and academic sectors of medicine. Generally, Standards of Practice Committee members dedicate the vast majority of their professional time to performing interventional procedures; as such, they represent a valid broad expert constituency of the subject matter under consideration for standards production. Technical documents specifying the exact consensus and literature review methodologies as well as the institutional affiliations and professional credentials of the authors of this document are available upon request from SIR, 3975 Fair Ridge Dr, Suite 400 North, Fairfax, VA 22033.
Bank Ownership and Corporate Performance: Evidence from Egypt

Previous studies conclude that bank ownership in developed markets improves firms' performance while in large emerging markets it promotes firm access to bank loans and lowers performance. We examine the effect of bank ownership on firms' performance and their access to bank loans in Egypt. We also look at the factors that affect bank presence in a firm. Our study finds that bank ownership in a firm improves its financial performance and lowers its access to bank loans. We show that banks in Egypt are not likely to cherry pick the best performance firms. Our results find that banks prefer to own equity in firms with better financial performance, lower debt, and higher collateral assets. Additionally, public ownership concentration hurts performance and discourages banks ownership.
Fossil‐calibrated molecular phylogenies reveal that leaf‐mining moths radiated millions of years after their host plants

Coevolution has been hypothesized as the main driving force for the remarkable diversity of insect–plant associations. Dating of insect and plant phylogenies allows us to test coevolutionary hypotheses and distinguish between the contemporaneous radiation of interacting lineages vs. insect ‘host tracking’ of previously diversified plants. Here, we used nuclear DNA to reconstruct a molecular phylogeny for 100 species of Phyllonorycter leaf‐mining moths and 36 outgroup taxa. Ages for nodes in the moth phylogeny were estimated using a combination of a penalized likelihood method and a Bayesian approach, which takes into account phylogenetic uncertainty. To convert the relative ages of the moths into dates, we used an absolute calibration point from the fossil record. The age estimates of (a selection of) moth clades were then compared with fossil‐based age estimates of their host plants. Our results show that the principal radiation of Phyllonorycter leaf‐mining moths occurred well after the main radiation of their host plants and may represent the dominant associational mode in the fossil record.
Electromagnetic Imaging of Closely Spaced Objects Using Matching Pursuit Based Approaches

In this letter, sparse signal recovery framework is applied for the reconstruction of two closely placed point-like objects from measured scattered electromagnetic field. Greedy matching pursuit-based algorithms are investigated as the sparsity promoting method. The performances of the matching pursuit algorithms are compared against convex relaxation methods. Orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm implemented with a flexible tree structure is shown to improve the resolution for the inverse scattering problem.
Leadership selection, internal promotion, and bureaucratic corruption in less developed polities

The establishment of a professional government bureaucracy in place of political appointees is an important component of an enabling environment for private enterprise. I show that internal promotion can help to bring to power individuals who highly value (relative to income) imposition of their preferences over collective goods on the public. Such individuals restrain the corruption of their subordinates as a byproduct of their efforts to implement their preferences using tax revenue. As a result, large-scale and petty corruption tend to move together and both tend to be lower the longer the practice of internal promotion has been in place.
Surface Engineering of Liposomal Formulations for Targeted Drug Delivery

Liposomes, basically including lecithin and cholesterol, are classic nanovesicles to treat some diseases clinically. As the first FDA approved nanomedicine, Doxil® (Doxorubicin HCl Liposome Injection) is a successful formulation to inhibit the development of some cancer and improve the life time of the patients after tumor surgery [1]. However, the non-specific accumulation of liposomes in Reticuloendothelial System (RES) impacts the normal function of uninvolved organs such as liver, spleen and bone marrow [2]. To improve the targeting of the liposomes, surface engineering of liposomes for controlled drug delivery has been widely investigated [3-6]. Small molecules such as sugar and folic acid were conjugated on the surface of liposomes to increase the uptake by cells [7]. Various ligands including proteins and peptides linked with artificial phospholipid in the bilayers of liposomes also greatly enhanced the affinities of carriers to the specific tissue [8,9].
Dantrolene and ‘ecstasy’ overdose

Interestingly, this study also demonstrated that children who had been given a pre-operative drink were less irritable in the anaesthetic room prior to induction. Several articles in recent years, including the editorial by Cote [4], analyse current practice critically with a view to changing guidelines regarding pre-operative starvation. Based on the evidence, it was agreed by the Division that a change in policy relating to pre-operative starvation in children presenting for elective surgery was warranted, and this has been implemented with the following guidelines: infants should receive their last feed of breast milk or formula milk 4-6 h prior to surgery respectively, and those being bottle fed with formula feeds should receive a feed of dextrolyte of similar volume to their normal feed 2 h preoperatively; children weighing 20 kg or more should receive a drink of clear fluid not exceeding 200 ml and for those weighing less than 20 kg the volume should be 10 ml.kg-’ 2 h prior to surgery; it is emphasised that apart from this one pre-operative drink, there is no change in the usual practice of ‘nil by mouth after midnight’ for patients scheduled for a morning operating list, and a ‘light early breakfast’ for patients scheduled for an afternoon operating list. It has been several months since these guidelines were issued, and an informal survey of the wards concerned revealed that this change in practice was well entrenched, thanks to the enthusiastic and compliant nursing staff.
Productive Diversification and Sustainable Use of Complex Social-Ecological Systems: A Comparative Study of Indigenous and Settler Communities in the Bolivian Amazon

Agricultural and forest productive diversification depends on multiple socioeconomic drivers—like knowledge, migration, productive capacity, and market—that shape productive strategies and influence their ecological impacts. Our comparison of indigenous and settlers allows a better understanding of how societies develop different diversification strategies in similar ecological contexts and how the related socioeconomic aspects of diversification are associated with land cover change. Our results suggest that although indigenous people cause less deforestation and diversify more, diversification is not a direct driver of deforestation reduction. A multidimensional approach linking sociocognitive, economic, and ecological patterns of diversification helps explain this contradiction.
Insight into the mechanism of end-of-day far-red light (EODFR)-induced shade avoidance responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

Shade avoidance responses are changes in plant architecture to reduce the part of a body that is in the shade in natural habitats. The most common warning signal that induces shade avoidance responses is reduction of red/far-red light ratio perceived by phytochromes. A pair of basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors, named PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) and PIF5, is crucially involved in the shade avoidance-induced hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. It has been recently reported that PIF7 also plays a role in this event. Here, we examined the involvement of these PIFs in end-of-day far-red light (EODFR) responses under light and dark cycle conditions. It was shown that PIF7 played a predominant role in the EODFR-dependent hypocotyl elongation. We propose the mechanism by which PIF7 together with PIF4 and PIF5 coordinately transcribes a set of downstream genes to promote elongation of hypocotyls in response to the EODFR treatment. Graphical abstract PIF7-dependent EODFR responses are observed immediately after the FR light treatment, while PIF4/PIF5 dependent responses are observed at the end of night. PIF7 and PIF4/5 regulate downstream target genes independently in an additive manner.
Customer Service: Does Family Ownership Make a Difference?

Customer service policies that prescribe positive thoughts about the customer and aspirations of providing the best service possible are fairly common. Yet the experience of many customers is far different from what is presented as company policy. Where does the discrepancy between policy and performance lie? This article proposes that family ownership plays a role in the creation of positive customer service interactions.
Performance Analysis of A Hybrid Scheduling Scheme Under Heterogeneous MMPP and Self-Similar Traffic

This paper presents an analytical model for the hybrid PQ-GPS scheduling scheme that integrates priority queueing (PQ) and generalized processor sharing (GPS) in a hierarchical manner for the provisioning of differentiated quality-of-service. To capture the heterogeneous traffic properties in multi-service networks, the Markov-modulated Poisson process (MMPP) and the self-similar fractional Brownian motion (fBm) are used to model short-range dependent (SRD) and long-range dependent (LRD) traffic, respectively. We propose an efficient flow-decomposition method and derive the queue length distributions and loss probabilities of individual traffic flows in the hybrid scheduling system. The comparison between analytical and simulation results validates the accuracy of the analytical model. To illustrate its application, we employ this model as an efficient tool to study the resource allocation issue under the constraint of loss probability.
Treatment of malignant pericardial effusion.

OBJECTIVE To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of malignant pericardial effusion and focus on quantitating the success and complication rates of the many treatment modalities and updating recent advances in the field. DATA SOURCES English-language publications were identified by a computerized search (MEDLINE) of these key words: cancer, tumor, malignancy, pericardium, and pericardial effusion. This computerized search was supplemented by a manual search of the bibliographies of original research articles and textbooks. STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if the outcome of patients undergoing treatment for malignant pericardial effusion was reported separately from the outcome of patients with other causes of pericardial effusions. Studies that only reported the combined results of patients with malignant and nonmalignant effusions were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION To determine success rates for the various treatment modalities, we examined freedom from symptomatic recurrence of pericardial effusion requiring reintervention as the key end point. Where appropriate, we also examined procedural mortality rates. RESULTS Initial relief of symptoms is achieved in most cases with percutaneous pericardiocentesis that, with echocardiographic guidance, can be performed with low morbidity and mortality. In many cases, drainage for several days with an indwelling catheter alleviates the effusion without subsequent recurrence. Systemic antitumor therapy with chemotherapy or radiation therapy is effective in controlling malignant effusions in cases of sensitive tumors such as lymphomas, leukemias, and breast cancer. Local sclerotherapy with tetracycline hydrochloride or bleomycin sulfate is also effective and associated with low morbidity. Sclerotherapy with other agents or radionuclides offers no advantages. Of the several surgical options, subxiphoid pericardiotomy has the advantage of low morbidity and mortality, can often be performed under local anesthesia, and is highly effective in preventing recurrence. Percutaneous balloon pericardiotomy has recently been described. This intervention is performed with local anesthesia, is effective in preventing reaccumulation, and has a low morbidity. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of malignant pericardial effusions must be individualized with consideration given to the patient's condition and tumor type, the success rates and risks of the various modalities, and local availability and expertise.
Internet of Things for Measuring Human Activities in Ambient Assisted Living and e-Health

Internet of things (IoT) is a new paradigm that combines several technologies such as computers, Internet, sensor networks, radio frequency identification (RFID), communication technology and embedded systems to form a system that links the real world with digital world. Currently, a large number of smart objects and different type of devices are interconnected and more and more they are being used in Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) scenarios for improving the daily tasks of elderly and disabled people. This paper presents an IoT architecture and protocol for Ambient Assisted Living and e-health. It is designed for heterogeneous AAL and e-health scenarios where an IoT network is the most suitable option to interconnect all elements. Finally, we simulate a medium-size network with four protocols especially designed for networks with important energy constraints in order to show their performance
Bacterial mutagenicity of cigarette smoke and its interaction with ethanol.

The mutagenicities of mainstream cigarette smoke (CS), a cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) and smokers' urines were investigated by using batteries of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli strains. The S9-mediated mutagenicity of CSC was remarkably enhanced when using nitroreductase- and especially O-acetyltransferase-overproducing derivatives of the classical strains TA98 and TA100, with the following rank of sensitivity: YG1024 > YG1029 > YG1021 > TA98NR > YG1026 > TA98 > TA100 > TA100-DNP6 > TA100NR > TA98-1,8-DNP6. With YG1024, a doubling of spontaneous revertants was observed with as little as 1/110 of the smoke condensate recovered from one cigarette under our experimental conditions. Similarly, the S9-mediated mutagenicity of mainstream CS was considerably increased in YG1024 and YG1029, the O-acetyltransferase-overproducing derivatives of TA98 and TA100, respectively. In the absence of S9 mix, the concentrates of 23 urine specimens from five smokers failed to revert S. typhimurium TA98 and YG1024, and were equitoxic in E. coli WP2 and its repair-deficient counterpart CM871 (uvrA-, recA-, lexA-). In the presence of S9 mix, all specimens were mutagenic, with an average YG1024:TA98 ratio of 6.6:1. These patterns suggest that the bacterial mutagenicity of smoke-associated complex mixtures is mainly due to aromatic amines. The mutagenicities of other typical constituents of CS, i.e. the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and the tobacco specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), were not appreciably enhanced in the O-acetyltransferase-overproducing strain YG1029, compared to its parental strain TA100. Moreover, BP and NNK induced less than additive mutagenic responses when combined at high doses. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)