Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UML Metamodel Formalization with Object-Z: the State Machine Package

This paper presents a formalization using Object-Z of the State Machine package in the UML metamodel. In the specification, the abstract syntax and the static and dynamic semantics for each individual model construct in the package are grouped together and encapsulated within a single Object-Z class. For formalizing the dynamic semantics, a denotational semantics of the construct is first given ignoring detailed operational sequences. Based on this denotational semantics, an operational semantics is then defined in terms of (Object-Z) class operations and invariants constraining the operation sequences. The timed refinement calculus is used to define the operation sequences within Object-Z. With this approach, we provide not only a denotational semantics of the UML state machine but also an operational semantics consistent with the denotational semantics. This should enhance the precision of the UML state machine and also overcome the lack of modularity, extensibilit y and reusabilit y of the current UML semantic representation.
Effect of the Shafranov shift and the gradient of β on intrinsic momentum transport in up–down asymmetric tokamaks

Tokamaks with up–down asymmetric poloidal cross-sections spontaneously rotate due to turbulent transport of momentum. In this work, we investigate the effect of the Shafranov shift on this intrinsic rotation, primarily by analyzing tokamaks with tilted elliptical flux surfaces. By expanding the Grad–Shafranov equation in the large aspect ratio limit we calculate the magnitude and direction of the Shafranov shift in tilted elliptical tokamaks. The results show that, while the Shafranov shift becomes up–down asymmetric and depends strongly on the tilt angle of the flux surfaces, it is insensitive to the shape of the current and pressure profiles (when the geometry, total plasma current, and average pressure gradient are kept fixed). Next, local nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of these MHD equilibria are performed with GS2, which reveal that the Shafranov shift can significantly enhance the momentum transport. However, to be consistent, the effect of β′ (i.e. the radial gradient of β) on the magnetic equilibrium was also included, which was found to significantly reduce momentum transport. Including these two competing effects broadens the rotation profile, but leaves the on-axis value of the rotation roughly unchanged. Consequently, the shape of the β profile has a significant effect on the rotation profile of an up–down asymmetric tokamak.
Punishment and ethics deterrents: A study of insider security contravention

by the U.S. Department of Justice (2004) that one in three people will become victims of identity theft at some point in their lifetime. The bulk of the research into information security has gone into the investigation of technological aspects of security, and there are gaps in the literature relative to contravention of security measures. Drawing from deterrence theory and using the theory of planned behavior as a general framework, this empirical field study investigated the effects of punishment and ethics training on behaviors related to contravention of information security measures among information professionals to fill an important gap in the literature. We found that both punishment and ethics training can be effective in mitigating the threat of software and information security , but that these depend on certain underlying moti-vational factors of individuals. The results of this study suggest a need to develop and refine the theoretical models, and we offer suggestions for getting at the root of behavioral issues surrounding information security. Information security has become an increasingly important research topic because there is little in the literature to explain why people contravene information security defense procedures that lead to billions of dollars annually in corporate and Contravention is associated with the behaviors of illegal copying of software (software piracy or softlifting), breaking software license keys, removing software and/or proprietary information from the office for personal use, cracking passwords, and committing fraudulent acts such as stealing information The problem has been studied primarily from the point of view of a technological problem, and the extant research has suggested techniques and technologies to use for creating better defenses, for example, through criteria used in performing risk analyses and the appropriate application of countermeasures (cf. Duh, Jamal, & Sunder, 2002). However, the problem has a behavioral root, and the ability to breach security defenses continues to outrun the ability to defend against them (Bresz, 2004; Sasse et al., 2004). Some of the counterproductive behaviors research (e.g., Harrington, 1996) has suggested treatments such as using ethics training as a means to address contravention propensities ; however, this approach appears, on the whole, to be somewhat ineffective in stemming the contravention prob-have used deter-rence theory to explain behaviors associated with various insider security breaches and have suggested punitive forms of treatment after the fact. While these studies have helped to advance the understanding of techniques to preclude or at least diminish some …
Debris characterization and mitigation from microscopic laser-plasma tin-doped droplet EUV sources

The EUVL collector mirror reflectivity degradation can be measured as erosion of the mirror surface caused by the high energy ion emissions. Characterizing the ion emission permits the analysis of the mechanisms of erosion and provides the capability to reduce the high energy ion emission which directly reduces the erosion rate. The degradation can also be measured as deposition of particulate debris on the mirror surface. The debris particles have sizes of only a few nanometers. We have demonstrated that the use of electrostatic repeller fields mitigates large fraction of the particle transfer. Our microscopic tin-doped droplet target is a mass-limited target and is designed to limit the flux of uncharged particulate matter emanating from the target, with the eventual objective of only generating charged material. The latter then may be inhibited from degrading EUV optics with the use of electrostatic repeller fields and other mitigation schemes. We present tin-doped droplet target ion emission characteristics in terms of ion energy distribution obtained using our ion spectrometer. Extensive studies on particle generation by controlling plasma conditions and the repeller field effect on individual ion species and particles is also described.
Green Cryptanalysis: Meet-in-the-Middle Key-Recovery for the Full KASUMI Cipher ?

KASUMI is a block cipher with eight Feistel rounds and a key of up to 128 bits. Proposed more than 10 years ago, the condentiality and integrity of 3G mobile communications systems depend on the security of KASUMI. In the practically interesting single key setting that we are aiming for in this work, no attack is known. For the full 8-round KASUMI we show for the rst time a wide variety of results with data complexities between 2 32 chosen plaintexts and as few as 2 texts, while the speed-ups over brute force are between a factor 4 and 6. For use-cases of KASUMI in 2G networks, relying on a 64-bit master key, we describe key recovery methods with extremely low data complexity and speed-ups between a factor 2 and 3 for essentially any desired success probability. The latter results are the rst of this type of cryptanalysis that could result in practically realizable cost and energy savings for key recovery eorts. By also analyzing an earlier version of the KASUMI-64 design that had a dierent mapping from the 64-bit master key to the 128-bit cipher key, we shed some light on a high-level key schedule design issue that may be of independent interest.
Spatial Variation of Surface Energy Fluxes Due to Land Use Changes across China

We estimate the heat flux changes caused by the projected land transformation over the next 40 years across China to improve the understanding of the impacts of land dynamics on regional climate. We use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to investigate these impacts in four representative land transformation zones, where reclamation, overgrazing, afforestation, and urbanization dominates the land use and land cover changes in each zone respectively. As indicated by the significant variance of albedo due to different land use and cover changes, different surface properties cause great spatial variance of the surface flux. From the simulation results, latent heat flux increases by 2 and 21 W/m 2 in the reclamation and afforestation regions respectively. On the contrary, overgrazing and urban expansion results in decrease of latent heat flux by 5 and 36 W/m 2 correspondingly. Urban expansion leads to an average increase of 40 W/m 2 of sensible heat flux in the future 40 years, while reclamation, afforestation, as well as overgrazing result in the decrease of sensible heat flux. Results also show that reclamation and overgrazing lead to net radiation decrease by approximately 4 and 7 W/m 2 respectively, however, afforestation and urbanization lead to net radiation increase by 6 and 3 W/m 2 respectively. The simulated impacts of projected HLCCs on surface energy fluxes will inform sustainable land management and climate change mitigation.
Author ' s personal copy Salience Network

The human brain consists of multiple, distinct, and interacting networks; investigation of these networks has provided a systematic framework for understanding fundamental aspects of human brain organization and function (Bressler & Menon, 2010). In this context, identification and characterization of the salience network (SN) have contributed greatly to our understanding of core brain systems involved in identification of biologically and cognitively relevant events to guide flexible behavior (Menon & Uddin, 2010; Seeley et al., 2007). The SN is an intrinsically connected large-scale network anchored in the anterior insula (AI) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC; Figure 1). The SN also includes three key subcor-tical structures: the amygdala, the ventral striatum, and the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area. Crucially, a network perspective helps integrate the explosive and wide range of brain imaging studies that have implicated these regions, most notably the AI and dACC, in multiple, often disparate, cognitive and affective processes. The SN, together with its interconnected brain networks, contributes to a variety of complex brain functions , including communication, social behavior, and self-awareness through the integration of sensory, emotional, and This article summarizes recent progress in our understanding of the SN; its functional and structural organization; its role in cognition, emotion, and development; and its disruption in psychopathology. I begin with a brief outline of saliency and general saliency detection mechanisms in the brain. I then focus on identification of the SN, highlighting its key nodes and their functional and structural connectivity patterns. I describe the core functions of this network in attention and cognitive control, focusing on the AI as a dynamic hub for detection and selection of salient stimuli and for mediating interactions with other neurocognitive systems. I will then highlight its crucial role in switching between systems involved in processing exogenous and self-relevant information and briefly discuss key features of SN development from infancy to adulthood, concluding with an examination of how characterization of SN dysfunction is leading to a more thorough understanding of psychopathology. The nervous system dynamically selects specific stimuli for additional processing from a constant stream of incoming sensory inputs. Saliency detection mechanisms in the brain are at the core of this process and can be conceptualized into two general mechanisms. The first is a fast, automatic, bottom-up 'primitive' mechanism for filtering stimuli based on their perceptual features (Peters, Iyer, Itti, & Koch, 2005). Filtering and amplification of stimuli can, in principle, occur at …
Question Answering System Using Query Expansion and Heuristic Features

This paper describes the design of question answering system that participates in the maintask of QA4MRE at CLEF 2013. This system will initially perform preprocessing stage of the document and the documents related questions. Then, it identifies the type of questions in order to be able to search the answers with the most appropriate approach. In order to finding the answers, the system uses eight heuristics features and two query expansion techniques, namely Pseudo Relevance feedback and WordNet as the lexical database. There are nine types of runs were submitted at CLEF 2013, where the difference lies in the combination of query expansion techniques and features used. Evaluation will be based on the c@1 measure. Best results are obtained when it uses both query expansion techniques and all features with certain weights.
Closed Form Solution of Perspective 3-Point Problem (P3P) Based on Algebraic Resultant and SVD

Perspective 3-point problem (P3P) is one of the most fundamental issues in computer vision and photogrammetry. The paper puts forward the algebraic (multipolynomial) resultant to analytically determine the camera-point (camera projective center to control point) distances, and presents the closed form solution of camera position and orientation based on SVD. The numerical case study shows the approach is correct and efficient for the case of arbitrary pose angles image.
Intervention in Probabilistic Gene Regulatory Networks

In recent years, there has been a considerable amount of interest in the area of Genomic Signal Processing, which is the engineering discipline that studies the processing of genomic signals. Since regulatory decisions within the cell utilize numerous inputs, analytical tools are necessary to model the multivariate influences on decision-making produced by complex genetic networks. Signal processing approaches such as detection, prediction and classification have been used in the recent past to construct genetic regulatory networks capable of modeling genetic behavior. To accommodate the large amount of uncertainty associated with this kind of modeling, many of the networks proposed are probabilistic. One of the objectives of network modeling is to use the network to design different intervention approaches for affecting the time evolution of the gene activity profile of the network. More specifically, one is interested in intervening to help the network avoid undesirable states such as those associated with a disease. This paper provides a tutorial survey of the intervention approaches developed so far in the literature for probabilistic gene networks (probabilistic Boolean networks) and outlines some of the open challenges that remain.
Perspective Texture Synthesis Based on Improved Energy Optimization

Perspective texture synthesis has great significance in many fields like video editing, scene capturing etc., due to its ability to read and control global feature information. In this paper, we present a novel example-based, specifically energy optimization-based algorithm, to synthesize perspective textures. Energy optimization technique is a pixel-based approach, so it’s time-consuming. We improve it from two aspects with the purpose of achieving faster synthesis and high quality. Firstly, we change this pixel-based technique by replacing the pixel computation with a little patch. Secondly, we present a novel technique to accelerate searching nearest neighborhoods in energy optimization. Using k- means clustering technique to build a search tree to accelerate the search. Hence, we make use of principal component analysis (PCA) technique to reduce dimensions of input vectors. The high quality results prove that our approach is feasible. Besides, our proposed algorithm needs shorter time relative to other similar methods.
Effect of a training programme to reduce stress in carers of patients with dementia.

OBJECTIVE--To reduce the psychological stress and improve the skills in coping of people who care for relatives with dementia. DESIGN--Assessment and suitability of carers by questionnaire; assessment of patients and carers in a hospital outpatient clinic; allocation to groups according to date of application to study. Linkage of groups of four carers and programme coordinator by telephone conference calls over 12 months after programmes. Reassessment at three, six, 12, and, for those in the "wait list" group, 18 months. SETTING--The programmes were conducted in the psychiatry unit of a Sydney teaching hospital. SUBJECTS--Eligible patients were less than 80 years old, had mild to moderate dementia, and lived at home with their carer. Of the 96 patient-carer pairs in the study, 33 were in the dementia carers' programme group, 31 were in the memory retraining group, and 32 were in the wait list group. INTERVENTIONS--Carers in the dementia carers' programme received training in coping with the difficulties of looking after patients with dementia while the patients had sessions in subjects such as memory retraining. In the memory retraining programme patients were admitted and received the patient component of the carers' programme while their carers had 10 days' respite. In the wait list group carers waited six months before undertaking the carers' programme. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Effect of the programmes on carers' general health questionnaire scores and the rate of placement of patients in institutions. RESULTS--At 12 months' follow up the carers' programme had resulted in significantly lower psychological stress among carers than the memory retraining programme (mean (SD) general health questionnaire scores at 0 months were 6.31 (6.23) and 3.60 (6.25) respectively, and at 12 months were 4.69 (5.58) and 7.40 (9.39); p less than 0.05. ) In the wait list group distress scores remained stable, even after the carers and patients had undertaken the carers' programme. Patients deteriorated over 12 months regardless of group allocation, but at 30 months, allowing for patients who died and could not be included in the analysis, 65% of patients in the carers' programme group were still living at home compared with 26% in the memory retraining programme group. CONCLUSION--The intensive intervention programme described for carers of patients with dementia can reduce the psychological morbidity of the carer and delay the placement of the patient in an institution without increasing the use of health services by either patient or carer.
Analisando os Aspectos que impactam a satisfação no trabalho de profissionais da geração Y na região Sul - Brasil

The Y Generation is characterized inserted to individuals from birth (1980-1994) in a more advanced interactivity process, scanned, which generates most of the time a major behavioral difference with previous generations (TAPSCOTT, 2010). Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the organizational aspects that impact on the satisfaction of professional Generation Y. Methodologically, this study has a descriptive and quantitative approach, based on a survey with a sample of 225 professionals. The results showed that studied are satisfied with the organizational environment, interpersonal relationships and the nature of work. However, with respect to compensation, opportunities in promotion processes and involvement in decision-making actions are still considered unsatisfactory aspects.
Graphic Modeling Using Heterogeneous Hierarchical Models

The importance of efficiently representing each abstract level of a complex model has become significant for many reasons. Because of the size of complex models, an organizational methodology is needed as an aid during both development and investigation of a system. In addition, some modeling formalisms are design to describe certain classes of systems while others are general enough to represent a broad class of systems. Therefore, the ability to use multiple formalisms is advantageous when the model is complex. In this paper, we define Heterogeneous Hierarchical modeling (HH modeling) as a modeling methodology which allows an investigator to use multiple formalisms and to organize these formalisms hierarchically. We then present Hybrid Model Theory which supports HH modeling by theoretically unifying graphic-based formalisms such as Petri nets, block models and state machines. An example is given which demonstrates top-down refinement of a partial model using a variety of established, well-known formalisms.
MicroRNAs Expression Profiles in Cardiovascular Diseases

The current search for new markers of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is explained by the high morbidity and mortality still observed in developed and developing countries due to cardiovascular events. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have emerged as potential new biomarkers and are small sequences of RNAs that regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional level by inhibiting translation or inducing degradation of the target mRNAs. Circulating miRNAs are involved in the regulation of signaling pathways associated to aging and can be used as novel diagnostic markers for acute and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular pathologies. This review summarizes the biogenesis, maturation, and stability of miRNAs and their use as potential biomarkers for coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and heart failure (HF).
Supersonic turbulence, filamentary accretion and the rapid assembly of massive stars and discs

We present a detailed computational study of the assembly of protostellar discs and massive stars in molecular clouds with supersonic turbulence. We follow the evolution of large-scale filamentary structures in a cluster-forming clump down to protostellar length-scales by means of very highly resolved, 3D adaptive mesh refined (AMR) simulations, and show how accretion discs and massive stars form in such environments. We find that an initially elongated cloud core which has a slight spin from oblique shocks collapses first to a filament and later develops a turbulent disc close to the centre of the filament. The continued large-scale flow that shocks with the filament maintains the high density and pressure within it. Material within the cooling filament undergoes gravitational collapse and an outside-in assembly of a massive protostar. Our simulations show that very high mass accretion rates of up to 10 -2 M ⊙ yr -1 and high, supersonic, infall velocities result from such filamentary accretion. Accretion at these rates is higher by an order of magnitude than those found in semi-analytic studies, and can quench the radiation field of a growing massive young star. Our simulations include a comprehensive set of the important chemical and radiative processes such as cooling by molecular line emission, gas-dust interaction and radiative diffusion in the optically thick regime, as well as H 2 formation and dissociation. Therefore, we are able to probe, for the first time, the relevant physical phenomena on all scales from those characterizing the clump down to protostellar core.
Modeling the influence of molecule and cell surface micro-domain distribution on the formation of T cell immunological synapses

Proper functioning of the immune system depends on coordinated intercellular communication that occurs in the "immunological synapse". This is the contact area of cell-cell conjugates where information is transferred via segregated clusters of proteins. Vast experimental datasets on its assembly are available, and mathematical and computational modeling represent a useful tool to integrate all this information. We created a stochastic computer simulation to study immunological synapse formation. Using this simulation we show that the initial locations of adhesion molecules and T cell receptors (TCRs) at the moment of contact influence the inversion of the immature synapse into a mature synapse, and that movement of large clusters of TCRs towards the center of the contact area accelerates this inversion.