Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bulk Accumulation a-IGZO TFT for High Current and Turn-On Voltage Uniformity

We present here an amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) in which the accumulation layer is not only confined to the a-IGZO/gate-insulator interface, but extends the entire depth of the a-IGZO. This bulk accumulation TFT is achieved by the use of top- and bottom-gate, that are electrically tied together, resulting in drain current that is over seven times higher than that of a single-gate device, for an a-IGZO thickness of 10 nm. Thus, high drive current is achieved for a relatively small channel width due to bulk accumulation. Furthermore, being independent of carrier scattering at the interface and owing to the bulk accumulation/depletion, the subthreshold swing is always small and turn-on voltage around zero volts with device-to-device uniformity that is much better than that of single-gate TFTs.
Can Newts Cope with the Heat? Disparate Thermoregulatory Strategies of Two Sympatric Species in Water

Many ectotherms effectively reduce their exposure to low or high environmental temperatures using behavioral thermoregulation. In terrestrial ectotherms, thermoregulatory strategies range from accurate thermoregulation to thermoconformity according to the costs and limits of thermoregulation, while in aquatic taxa the quantification of behavioral thermoregulation have received limited attention. We examined thermoregulation in two sympatric newt species, Ichthyosaura alpestris and Lissotriton vulgaris, exposed to elevated water temperatures under semi-natural conditions. According to a recent theory, we predicted that species for which elevated water temperatures pose a lower thermal quality habitat, would thermoregulate more effectively than species in thermally benign conditions. In the laboratory thermal gradient, L. vulgaris maintained higher body temperatures than I. alpestris. Semi-natural thermal conditions provided better thermal quality of habitat for L. vulgaris than for I. alpestris. Thermoregulatory indices indicated that I. alpestris actively thermoregulated its body temperature, whereas L. vulgaris remained passive to the thermal heterogeneity of aquatic environment. In the face of elevated water temperatures, sympatric newt species employed disparate thermoregulatory strategies according to the species-specific quality of the thermal habitat. Both strategies reduced newt exposure to suboptimal water temperatures with the same accuracy but with or without the costs of thermoregulation. The quantification of behavioral thermoregulation proves to be an important conceptual and methodological tool for thermal ecology studies not only in terrestrial but also in aquatic ectotherms.
Functional variant in microRNA‐196a2 contributes to the susceptibility of congenital heart disease in a Chinese population

Hox gene clusters play an important role during cardiac septation to valve formation in different species, and the miR‐196a‐HOXB8‐Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway is of particular interest. Recently, we found that a genetic variant of rs11614913 in the miR‐196a2 sequence could alter mature miR‐196a expression and target mRNA binding; this observation led us to hypothesize that rs11614913 might influence susceptibility to sporadic congenital heart disease (CHD). We conducted a three‐stage case–control study of CHD in Chinese to test our hypothesis by genotyping miR‐196a2 rs11614913 and three other pre‐miRNA SNPs (miR‐146a rs2910164, miR‐149 rs2292832, and miR‐499 rs3746444) in 1,324 CHD cases and 1,783 non‐CHD controls. We found that rs11614913 CC was associated with a significantly increased risk of CHD in all three stages combined (P=6.81×10−6). In a genotype–phenotype correlation analysis using 29 cardiac tissue samples of CHD, rs11614913 CC was associated with significantly increased mature miR‐196a expression (P=0.001). In vitro binding assays further revealed that the rs11614913 variant affects HOXB8 binding to mature miR‐196a. This is the first study to indicate that miR‐196a2 rs11614913 plays a role in sporadic CHD susceptibility. Hum Mutat 30:1–6, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coincident In Vitro Analysis of DNA-PK-Dependent and -Independent Nonhomologous End Joining

In mammalian cells, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are primarily repaired by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). The current model suggests that the Ku 70/80 heterodimer binds to DSB ends and recruits DNA-PKcs to form the active DNA-dependent protein kinase, DNA-PK. Subsequently, XRCC4, DNA ligase IV, XLF and most likely, other unidentified components participate in the final DSB ligation step. Therefore, DNA-PK plays a key role in NHEJ due to its structural and regulatory functions that mediate DSB end joining. However, recent studies show that additional DNA-PK-independent NHEJ pathways also exist. Unfortunately, the presence of DNA-PKcs appears to inhibit DNA-PK-independent NHEJ, and in vitro analysis of DNA-PK-independent NHEJ in the presence of the DNA-PKcs protein remains problematic. We have developed an in vitro assay that is preferentially active for DNA-PK-independent DSB repair based solely on its reaction conditions, facilitating coincident differential biochemical analysis of the two pathways. The results indicate the biochemically distinct nature of the end-joining mechanisms represented by the DNA-PK-dependent and -independent NHEJ assays as well as functional differences between the two pathways.
Extrasolar Giant Planets under Strong Stellar Irradiation

We investigate irradiation of extrasolar giant planets (EGPs) by treating the radiative transfer in detail, so that the flux from the parent star interacts with all relevant depths of the planetary atmosphere with no need for a preassumed albedo. Rayleigh scattering (in dust-free models) increases the EGP's flux by orders of magnitude shortward of the Ca II H and K doublet (3930 Å), and the spectral features of the parent star are exactly reflected. The inclusion of dust increases the reflected flux in the blue. In the optical and near-IR, the thermal absorption of the planet takes over, but the absorption features are changed by the irradiation.
The Narrational Case against Church's Thesis

In a recent and widely aarmed paper in this journal, Elliot Mendelson 27] 1 challenges what he rightly calls the \standard conception" (230) of Church's Thesis (CT) | the conception being that CT is unprovable. Unfortunately, as I demonstrate herein, once Mendelson's target, and his attack upon it, are rigorously analyzed with help from uncomputability theory, his challenge evaporates, and the cogent rationale for the standard conception of CT is revealed. This analysis will in turn constitute a foundation for overthrowing CT on the basis of our rather remarkable ability to assimilate and assess narrative. After the foundation is in place, I press forward in the hope, indeed, of refuting CT. I end by considering some other attacks on CT (some of which, as we shall see, Mendelson himself tried to derail over forty years ago), and the relation between these attacks and my own. 1 Background At the heart of CT is the notion of an algorithm, characterized in traditional fashion by Mendelson as I'm indebted to Elliot Mendelson not only for his stimulating paper, but also for his response to my analysis of it in personal communication. Janet Folina provided insightful commentary on an ancestor of this paper presented at the 1993 Eastern APA meetings in Atlanta | comments which I incorporate in my response to Mendelson's response. I'm grateful to Michael McMenamin for providing, in his unpublished \Deciding Uncountable Sets and Church's Thesis," an excellent objection to my attack on Church's Thesis (which I rebut below). 1 Unless otherwise noted, all page references are to this paper.
Periprocedural morbidity and mortality associated with endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Despite experience and technological improvements, endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms still has inherent risks. We evaluated cerebral complications associated with this treatment. METHODS From October 1998 to October 2002, 180 consecutive patients underwent 131 procedures for 118 ruptured aneurysms and 79 procedures for 72 unruptured aneurysms. We retrospectively reviewed their records and images to evaluate their morbidity and mortality. RESULTS Thirty-seven (17.6%) procedure-related complications occurred: 27 and six with initial embolization of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms, respectively, and four with re-treatment. Complications included 22 cerebral thromboembolisms, nine intraprocedural aneurysm perforations, two coil migrations, two parent vessel injuries, one postprocedural aneurysm rupture, and one cranial nerve palsy. Fourteen complications had no neurologic consequence. Three caused transient neurologic morbidity; 10, persistent neurologic morbidity; and 10, death. Procedure-related neurologic morbidity and mortality rates, respectively, were as follows: overall, 4.8% and 4.8%; ruptured aneurysms, 5.9% and 7.6%; unruptured aneurysms, 1.4% and 1.4%; and re-treated aneurysms, 10% and 0%. Combined procedure-related morbidity and mortality rates for ruptured, unruptured, and re-treated aneurysms were 13.5%, 2.8%, and 10%, respectively. Nonprocedural complications attributable to subarachnoid hemorrhage in 118 patients with ruptured aneurysm were early rebleeding before coil placement (0.9%), symptomatic vasospasm (5.9%), and shunt-dependent hydrocephalus (5.9%); mortality from complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage itself was 11.9%. CONCLUSION Procedural morbidity and mortality rates were highest in ruptured aneurysms and lowest in unruptured aneurysms. Morbidity rates were highest in re-treated aneurysms and lowest in unruptured aneurysms. No procedural mortality occurred with re-treated aneurysms. The main cause of morbidity and mortality was thromboembolism.
Surgical Versus Nonsurgical Treatment for Midshaft Clavicle Fractures in Patients Aged 16 Years and Older: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Comparison of Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies

Background: There is no consensus on the choice of treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures (MCFs). Purpose: The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were (1) to compare fracture healing disorders and functional outcomes of surgical versus nonsurgical treatment of MCFs and (2) to compare effect estimates obtained from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and CINAHL databases were searched for both RCTs and observational studies. Using the MINORS instrument, all included studies were assessed on their methodological quality. The primary outcome was a nonunion. Effects of surgical versus nonsurgical treatment were estimated using random-effects meta-analysis models. Results: A total of 20 studies were included, of which 8 were RCTs and 12 were observational studies including 1760 patients. Results were similar across the different study designs. A meta-analysis of 19 studies revealed that nonunions were significantly less common after surgical treatment than after nonsurgical treatment (odds ratio [OR], 0.18 [95% CI, 0.10-0.33]). The risk of malunions did not differ between surgical and nonsurgical treatment (OR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.12-1.19]). Both the long-term Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Constant-Murley scores favored surgical treatment (DASH: mean difference [MD], −2.04 [95% CI, −3.56 to −0.52]; Constant-Murley: MD, 3.23 [95% CI, 1.52 to 4.95]). No differences were observed regarding revision surgery (OR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.42-1.73]). Including only high-quality studies, both the number of malunions and days to return to work show significant differences in favor of surgical treatment (malunions: OR, 0.26 [95% CI, 0.07 to 0.92]; return to work: MD, −8.64 [95% CI, −16.22 to −1.05]). Conclusion: This meta-analysis of high-quality studies showed that surgical treatment of MCFs results in fewer nonunions, fewer malunions, and an accelerated return to work compared with nonsurgical treatment. A meta-analysis of surgical treatments need not be restricted to randomized trials, provided that the included observational studies are of high quality.
An analytical inductor design procedure for three-phase PWM converters in power factor correction applications

This paper presents an analytical method for designing the inductor of three-phase power factor correction converters (PFCs). The complex behavior of the inductor current complicates the inductor design procedure as well as the core loss and copper loss calculations. Therefore, this paper analyzes the inductor voltage/current for sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique. Accordingly, the maximum current ripple as a function of the dc link voltage is derived and the minimum required inductance value is calculated. To explain the copper and the core losses in the inductor, the single-phase equivalent circuit is used to provide the inductor current harmonic spectrum. Therefore, using the harmonic spectrum, the low and high frequency copper losses are calculated. The high frequency minor B-H loops in one switching cycle are also analyzed. Then, the loss map provided by the measurement setup is used to calculate the core loss in the PFC application. To investigate the impact of the dc link voltage level, two inductors for different dc voltage levels are designed and the results are compared.
Dietary Protein Source Determines the Degree of Hypertension and Renal Disease in the Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rat

Previous studies demonstrated that a whole-grain diet attenuated sodium-dependent hypertension and renal disease in Dahl salt-sensitive rats from the colony at the Medical College of Wisconsin (Dahl SS/Mcw rats) compared with rats maintained on a purified AIN-76A diet. The present experiments determined which component(s) of the grain diet prevented renal and cardiovascular disease. Male SS/Mcw rats were maintained on isocaloric diets identical to AIN-76A, except the source of protein (wheat gluten for casein), carbohydrate (wheat flour for sucrose), or fat (soybean oil for corn oil) was substituted in separate diets. Rats were maintained on the different diets from weaning and studied after 3 weeks on a high-salt (4.0% NaCl) diet. Substitution of the carbohydrate in the diet did not affect body weight, arterial pressure, or renal disease. Replacement of casein with wheat gluten significantly reduced body weight (258±7 versus 353±3 grams), mean arterial pressure (133±2 versus 153±2 mm Hg), and albumin excretion (9±1 versus 50±7 mg/d) to levels of rats fed the whole-grain diet (n=7 to 16/group). Replacement of the fat in the diet increased arterial pressure without affecting body weight or albumin excretion. The results of the present study indicate that dietary components other than sodium play an important role in the development of hypertension and renal disease in the Dahl SS/Mcw rat.
Use of circulating microRNAs to diagnose acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND Rapid and correct diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (MI) has an important impact on patient treatment and prognosis. We compared the diagnostic performance of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and cardiac enriched microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with MI. METHODS Circulating concentrations of cardiac-enriched miR-208b and miR-499 were measured by quantitative PCR in a case-control study of 510 MI patients referred for primary mechanical reperfusion and 87 healthy controls. RESULTS miRNA-208b and miR-499 were highly increased in MI patients (>10(5)-fold, P < 0.001) and nearly undetectable in healthy controls. Patients with ST-elevation MI (n= 397) had higher miRNA concentrations than patients with non-ST-elevation MI (n = 113) (P < 0.001). Both miRNAs correlated with peak concentrations of creatine kinase and cTnT (P < 10(-9)). miRNAs and hs-cTnT were already detectable in the plasma 1 h after onset of chest pain. In patients who presented <3 h after onset of pain, miR-499 was positive in 93% of patients and hs-cTnT in 88% of patients (P= 0.78). Overall, miR-499 and hs-cTnT provided comparable diagnostic value with areas under the ROC curves of 0.97. The reclassification index of miR-499 to a clinical model including several risk factors and hs-cTnT was not significant (P = 0.15). CONCLUSION Circulating miRNAs are powerful markers of acute MI. Their usefulness in the establishment of a rapid and accurate diagnosis of acute MI remains to be determined in unselected populations of patients with acute chest pain.
Life Values in Youth Sport: A Qualitative Analysis

LIFE VALUES IN YOUTH SPORT: A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS August 2003 CARLA J. SCHMITT B.S. GEORGIA COLLEGE & STATE UNIVERSITY M.S. GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY Directed by: Professor Charles J. Hardy A qualitative analysis was used to examine the life values gained and enhanced through participation in youth soccer from the player, coach, and parent perspectives. Nine players, nine coaches, and nine parents were interviewed for this study. Participants were placed in groups according to classification and availability, and participants not available for the group times, were individually interviewed. The interview guides consisted of 11 questions, and two separate guides were used, one for players and one for coaches and parents. All interviews were hand, audio, and video recorded. Triangulation, involving the primary researcher and two additional researchers familiar with qualitative analysis analyzed the data collected. A cohort among the common themes within and between groups was established, and the most common values were determined. Results revealed several similar values between parents, players, and coaches. The most common value learned through soccer was determined to be teamwork. The players, coaches, and
Design and Topology issues for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are highly distributed self organized systems. WSN have been deployed in various fields. This paper focuses on various issues such as routing challenges and design issues, topology issues and Quality of Service support issues associated with WSN. Topology issues include geographic routing, sensor hole problems and sensor coverage issues. Quality of Service aims at providing better networking services over current technologies. Keywords— Design issues, Latency, reliability, Geographic routing sensor holes, Sensor coverage topology, sensor connective topology, Quality of Service, Jitter, routing.
Sonographic findings in a duodenal duplication cyst

We report the sonographic features of a duodenal duplication cyst containing ectopic pancreatic tissue in a 5‐month‐old boy who presented with symptoms of partial gastric outlet obstruction. Sonography revealed an anechoic, double‐walled, bilobed cystic lesion containing debris in the pyloroduodenal region. There was sound through‐transmission but no air or communication with the gastrointestinal tract. Surgical resection and histopathologic examination confirmed a duodenal duplication cyst containing pancreatic tissue. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30: 566–568, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10117
Image match using distribution of colorful SIFT

Finding reliable correspondence in two or more images remains a difficult and critical step in many computer vision tasks. The performance of descriptors determines the matching results directly. Compared with other descriptors, the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) has been used widely for its superiority in invariant attributes, while it will fail in the case of locally visual aliasing. To reduce the perceptual alias of features easily confused, we propose an approach which combines a modified feature descriptor with a novel matching strategy. The feature descriptor is modified by augmenting traditional SIFT vector with dominant hue histogram. A novel matching strategy is developed to validate true matches by establishing geometrical relationships between candidate matching features. The proposed method is tested on many image pairs with viewpoint changes. Based on three instances of geometrical constraint metrics and color information, satisfactory results are attained.
Recent Criticism of Psychiatric Nosology: A Review

The advent of DSM-IV has stimulated renewed discussion of psychiatric classification. Such discussion is philosophically sophisticated and farranging, responsive to post-Kuhnian philosophy of science, to feminist critiques of mental health norms, and to multicultural perspectives. As "weak normativists" , today's critics are committed to understanding the interplay between descriptive and evaluative elements, clinical facts and cultural constructs, in psychiatric norms and categories, and are alert to the question of what purposes and whose interests are and should be served by such systems. They offer alternative taxonomic principles as well as analyses and revisions of traditional classificatory concepts and systems.
Turán ’ s theorem in the hypercube

We are motivated by the analogue of Turán’s theorem in the hypercube Qn: how many edges can a Qd-free subgraph of Qn have? We study this question through its Ramsey-type variant and obtain asymptotic results. We show that for every odd d it is possible to color the edges of Qn with (d+1) 4 colors, such that each subcube Qd is polychromatic, that is, contains an edge of each color. The number of colors is tight up to a constant factor, as it turns out that a similar coloring with ( d+1 2 ) + 1 colors is not possible. The corresponding question for vertices is also considered. It is not possible to color the vertices of Qn with d + 2 colors, such that any Qd is polychromatic, but there is a simple d + 1 coloring with this property. A relationship to anti-Ramsey colorings is also discussed. We discover much less about the Turán-type question which motivated our investigations. Numerous problems and conjectures are raised.
The Snf1 protein kinase and its activating subunit, Snf4, interact with distinct domains of the Sip1/Sip2/Gal83 component in the kinase complex

The Snf1 protein kinase plays a central role in the response to glucose starvation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previously, we showed that two-hybrid interaction between Snf1 and its activating subunit, Snf4, is inhibited by high levels of glucose. These findings, together with biochemical evidence that Snf1 and Snf4 remain associated in cells grown in glucose, suggested that another protein (or proteins) anchors Snf1 and Snf4 into a complex. Here, we examine the possibility that a family of proteins, comprising Sip1, Sip2, and Gal83, serves this purpose. We first show that the fraction of cellular Snf4 protein that is complexed with Snf1 is reduced in a sip1delta sip2delta gal83delta triple mutant. We then present evidence that Sip1, Sip2, and Gal83 each interact independently with both Snf1 and Snf4 via distinct domains. A conserved internal region binds to the Snf1 regulatory domain, and the conserved C-terminal ASC domain binds to Snf4. Interactions were mapped by using the two-hybrid system and were confirmed by in vitro binding studies. These findings indicate that the Sip1/Sip2/Gal83 family anchors Snf1 and Snf4 into a complex. Finally, the interaction of the yeast Sip2 protein with a plant Snf1 homolog suggests that this function is conserved in plants.