Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“They Might Think I Was Crazy”: Young American Indians’ Reasons for Not Seeking Help When Suicidal

It is well known that many suicidal young people avoid asking for help; however, the reasons why are less understood. A sample of 101 American Indians (age 15-21 years) who had thought about or attempted suicide was asked open-ended questions about barriers to seeking formal and informal help while suicidal. The 74 participants who avoided at least one type of help most commonly reported internal factors, such as embarrassment, lack of problem recognition, a belief that nobody could help, and self-reliance. Structural barriers, such as lack of money or service availability, were only rarely cited. Findings indicate that efforts to increase help seeking among young, suicidal American Indians should target beliefs about emotional problems and help seeking.
An Experimental Evaluation of Four Face-to-Face Teaching Strategies

This study tests a number of predictions about the effectiveness of four different strategies for teaching three to four year old children how to master a difficult construction task. These strategies were derived from previous studies of mother-child and experimenter-child interactions in an assisted learning situation. One strategy the 'contingent approach' was based primarily on theoretical considerations and when used in earlier work as a basis for describing and evaluating maternal teaching it enabled us to predict how well children taught by their mothers would do with a task after instruction. The three other strategies are idealised versions of the teaching methods used by less successful mothers-as-teachers. On the basis of our analysis of effective instruction it is possible to predict how well children taught by these four different techniques by a trained instructor should perform after instruction. The present study largely confirms these predictions. In so doing, it strengthens the supposition that it was maternal behaviour in the earlier work which influenced the children's task abilities and it also corroborates various hypotheses about the essential nature of effective face-to-face instruction.
SocioPhone: everyday face-to-face interaction monitoring platform using multi-phone sensor fusion

In this paper, we propose SocioPhone, a novel initiative to build a mobile platform for face-to-face interaction monitoring. Face-to-face interaction, especially conversation, is a fundamental part of everyday life. Interaction-aware applications aimed at facilitating group conversations have been proposed, but have not proliferated yet. Useful contexts to capture and support face-to-face interactions need to be explored more deeply. More important, recognizing delicate conversational contexts with commodity mobile devices requires solving a number of technical challenges. As a first step to address such challenges, we identify useful meta-linguistic contexts of conversation, such as turn-takings, prosodic features, a dominant participant, and pace. These serve as cornerstones for building a variety of interaction-aware applications. SocioPhone abstracts such useful meta-linguistic contexts as a set of intuitive APIs. Its runtime efficiently monitors registered contexts during in-progress conversations and notifies applications on-the-fly. Importantly, we have noticed that online turn monitoring is the basic building block for extracting diverse meta-linguistic contexts, and have devised a novel volume-topography-based method. We show the usefulness of SocioPhone with several interesting applications: SocioTherapist, SocioDigest, and Tug-of-War. Also, we show that our turn-monitoring technique is highly accurate and energy-efficient under diverse real-life situations.
A Machine Learning Approach to Hypotheses Selection of Greedy Decoding for SMT

This paper proposes a method for integrating example-based and rule-based machine translation systems with statistical methods. It extends a greedy decoder for statistical machine translation (SMT), which searches for an optimal translation by using SMT models starting from a decoder seed, i.e., the source language input paired with an initial translation hypothesis. In order to reduce local optima problems inherent in the search, the outputs generated by multiple translation engines, such as rule-based (RBMT) and example-based (EBMT) systems, are utilized as the initial translation hypotheses. This method outperforms conventional greedy decoding approaches using initial translation hypotheses based on translation examples retrieved from a parallel text corpus. However, the decoding of multiple initial translation hypotheses is computationally expensive. This paper proposes a method to select a single initial translation hypothesis before decoding based on a machine learning approach that judges the appropriateness of multiple initial translation hypotheses and selects the most confident one for decoding. Our approach is evaluated for the translation of dialogues in the travel domain, and the results show that it drastically reduces computational costs without a loss in translation quality.
Recommending access points to individual mobile users via automatic group learning

We consider user to cell association in a heterogeneous network with a mix of LTE/3G and WiFi cells. Individual user preferences are often neglected when a user to cell association decision is made. In this paper we propose use of a recommender system to inform the mapping of users to cells. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed grouped-based user to cell associations for a set of synthetically generated user/cell ratings.
A Gender Analysis of Job Satisfaction Levels of Agricultural Education Teachers in Georgia

Previous research has determined that job satisfaction among teachers holds a strong linear relationship with longevity of career (Billingsley and Cross, 1992,Cano & Miller, 1992). In light of the current shortage of qualified secondary agricultural educators who are willing to enter and remain in the profession (Kantrovich, 2007) as well as the projected shortages in agricultural educators in the years to come (Walker, Garton & Kitchel 2004), it is important to understand the factors that impact job satisfaction and, possibly more crucially, those factors that influence job dissatisfaction for secondary agriculture teachers to provide insight toward retention of quality educators. Camp (2000)identified the agriculture teacher shortage problem as early as 1977, and the problem has continued well into its third decade (Walker, Garton, & Kitchel, 2004).
The Rhetoric of Irrationality

The popularity of the `biases and heuristics' literature is examined critically in terms of the rhetorical factors that have mediated widely published claims that human judgment abilities are poor and even irrational. The logic of the original experiments is examined as well as the factors that cause that logic to be ambiguous and the implications of the experiments to be misrepresented. Questionable use of evaluative language in scientific articles and secondary gains to outside authors who spread the bias message are also examined.
On the Shop Floor: Two Studies of Workshop Organization and Output

I. The Problem II. The Workshop at the Wye Garment Company III. Norms, Expectations, Output and Earnings IV. 'Sociable' Groupings in Workroom X V. Conflict and Co-operation VI. Conclusion (Wye Garment Case Study) VII. Jay's Electrical Components. The Industry and the Firm VIII. People and Production in the Small Transformer Section IX. The Method of Wage Payment at Jay's X. Norms, Expectations and Performance XI. Output and Earnings XII. Conclusion (Jay's Case Study) XIII. General Conclusion Appendix I References Subject Index
Safety and liveness in branching time

Extends B. Alpern & F.B. Schneider's linear time characterization of safety and liveness properties to branching time, where properties are sets of trees. We define two closure operators that give rise to the following four extremal types of properties: universally safe, existentially safe, universally live and existentially live. The distinction between universal and existential properties captures the difference between the CTL (computation tree logic) path quantifiers /spl forall/ (for all paths) and /spl exist/ (there is a path). We show that every branching time property is the intersection of an existentially safe property and an existentially live property, a universally safe property and a universally live property, and an existentially safe property and a universally live property. We also examine how our closure operators behave on linear-time properties. We then focus on sets of finitely branching trees and show that our closure operators agree on linear-time safety properties. Furthermore, if a set of trees is given implicitly as a Rabin tree automaton /spl Bscr/, we show that it is possible to compute the Rabin automata corresponding to the closures of the language of /spl Bscr/. This allows us to effectively compute /spl Bscr//sub safe/ and /spl Bscr//sub live/ such that the language of /spl Bscr/ is the intersection of the languages of /spl Bscr//sub safe/ and /spl Bscr//sub live/. As above, /spl Bscr//sub safe/ and /spl Bscr//sub live/ can be chosen so that their languages are existentially safe and existentially live, universally safe and universally live, or existentially safe and universally live.
Humiliation-Trauma That Has Been Overlooked: An Analysis Based on Fieldwork in Germany, Rwanda/Burundi, and Somalia

What differentiates trauma from humiliation? This is one of the questions this article tries to answer. Trauma may occur without humiliation, as in the case of natural disaster, however, humiliation may be the core agent of trauma. Furthermore, this paper suggests that the role and significance of humiliation for traumatic experiences has long been overlooked by researchers and practitioners. The paper highlights the macro-historical backdrop for this neglect. It is the unfolding of human rights as opposed to more traditional honour codes at all levels of society both national and international. This change is a major force in making the category of trauma increasingly important, and in moving such practices as 'breaking the will of the child,' that were once legitimate and even prescribed, into the category of trauma. The paper also addresses the fact that social science is part of this transition and would benefit from making more visible how it is deeply interlinked with this process. Language: en
“But I Am a Good Mom”

Examining the impact of health information seeking among informal, interpersonal networks, this article focuses specifically on the extent to which these conversations serve to identify role boundaries, specifically that of motherhood. Drawing on Goffman's work on region and regional behaviors, this ethnographic analysis of women in a moms and tots play group reveals boundaries between the public and private presentation of self. The regions of front stage, backstage, and “back”-backstage are used here to discuss how talk regarding health issues, and particularly inappropriate or taboo talk, defines and exemplifies the role of the “good” mother. The implications for the accessibility of information are discussed in light of the cultural contradictions women face in fulfilling this role.
Cytokine Removal under Hemodiafiltration with Endogenous Reinfusion in Acute Kidney Injury Secondary to Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma shows a high release of cytokines. Different blood purification techniques are employed to control hypercytokinemia. Here we investigated the effects of intermittent supra-hemodiafiltration with endogenous reinfusion on cytokine removal in a patient presenting with acute kidney injury. After the first day of chemotherapy for angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, a 78-year-old male patient developed acute kidney injury and systemic inflammatory response syndrome due to massive release of inflammatory cytokines. Three sessions of supra-hemodiafiltration were performed. Blood samples for evaluation of renal function and inflammatory mediators were collected at the beginning and the end of each dialytic session. A marked improvement of clinical state and renal function was associated to a significant reduction of inflammatory markers. Our results suggest that renal replacement therapy with supra-hemodiafiltration may remove a wide spectrum of inflammatory mediators and uremic toxins involved in acute kidney injury and systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
Quantum Randomness and Nondeterminism

Does the notion of a quantum randomized or nondeterministic algorithm make sense, and if so, does quantum randomness or nondeterminism add power? Although reasonable quantum random sources do not add computational power, the discussion of quantum randomness naturally leads to several definitions of the complexity of quantum states. Unlike classical string complexity, both deterministic and nondeterministic quantum state complexities are interesting. A notion of \emph{total quantum nondeterminism} is introduced for decision problems. This notion may be a proper extension of classical nondeterminism.
Local variation of haemoparasites and arthropod vectors, and intestinal protozoans in spiny mice (Acomys dimidiatus) from four montane wadis in the St Katherine Protectorate, Sinai, Egypt

Haemoparasite infections and infestations with potential arthropod vectors were assessed in spiny mice Acomys dimidiatus from four wadis in the arid montane region of the southern Sinai in Egypt in late summer 2000. Five taxa of haemoparasites (Haemobartonella spp. 80%, Hepatozoon sp. 20.6%, Trypanosoma acomys 17.5%, Bartonella spp. 2.5% and Babesia sp. 1.9%) were recorded. Additionally, infections with two intestinal protozoa, Cryptosporidium cf. parvum and Giardia sp. , were quantified, both with similar prevalence (17.0 and 17.6%, respectively). 17.9% of mice carried fleas (Parapulex chephrensis and Xenopsylla dipodilli) and 32.1% had lice (Polyplax oxyrrhyncha and Polyplax brachyrrhycha combined). Marked differences in the prevalence and abundance of infections were detected between the four wadis, particularly with respect to T. acomys, Hepatozoon sp. and fleas, which were largely aggregated in just two of the four sites (Wadis Gharaba and Tlah). In contrast, the intestinal protozoa were more common, and abundance was higher, in Wadi El Arbaein. Intrinsic factors also contributed to a variation in prevalence, with strong age-dependent increases in the prevalence and abundance of Hepatozoon sp. , higher mean species richness, prevalence of Cr. cf. parvum, and abundance of Giardia sp. and Hepatozoon sp. in female mice. Haemobartonella spp. showed an age-dependent reduction in abundance and higher abundance among male mice. A weak association was found between the prevalence of T. acomys and its putative flea vector. The single extrinsic factor in the study, site of capture, was more important than the intrinsic factors in explaining variation in the prevalence and abundance of haemoparasites, intestinal protozoa and arthropod vectors. In the high mountains of southern Sinai, the parasite fauna of spiny mice is distinct in each wadi, and hence we expect the parasites to exert spatially different co-evolutionary pressures on their hosts, with a resultant variation in host life histories.
Evolutionary Multiobjective Bayesian Optimization Algorithm : Experimental Study

This paper deals with the utilizing of the Bayesian optimization algorithm (BOA) for multiobjective optimization of hypergraph partitioning. The main attention is focused on the incorporation of the Pareto optimality concept. We have modified the standard algorithm BOA for one criterion optimization according to well known niching techniques to find the Pareto optimal set. This approach was compared with standard weighting techniques and the single optimization approach with the constraint. The experiments are focused mainly on the bi-objective optimization because of the visualization simplicity.
Analysis and recognition of Asian scripts-the state of the art

This paper summarizes the research activities of the pastdecade on the recognition of handwritten scripts used inChina, Japan, and Korea. It presents the recognitionmethodologies, features explored, databases used, andclassification schemes investigated. In addition, it includes adescription of the performance of numerous recognitionsystems found in both academic and industrial researchlaboratories. Recent achievements and applications are alsopresented. A list of relevant references is attached togetherwith our remarks on this subject.
Interactions between biofilms and the environment.

The surfaces of bacteria are highly interactive with their environment. Whether the bacterium is Gram-negative or Gram-positive, most surfaces are charged at neutral pH because of the ionization of the reactive chemical groups which stud them. Since prokaryotes have a high surface area-to-volume ratio, this can have surprising ramifications. For example, many bacteria can concentrate dilute environmental metals on their surfaces and initiate the development of fine-grained minerals. In natural environments, it is not unusual to find such bacteria closely associated with the minerals which they have helped develop. Bacteria can be free-living (planktonic), but in most natural ecosystems they prefer to grow on interfaces as biofilms; supposedly to take advantage of the nutrient concentrative effect of the interface, although there must also be gained some protective value against predators and toxic agents. Using a Pseudomonas aeruginosa model system, we have determined that lipopolysaccharide is important in the initial attachment of this Gram-negative bacterium to interfaces and that this surface moiety subtly changes during biofilm formation. Using this same model system, we have also discovered that there is a natural tendency for Gram-negative bacteria to concentrate and package periplasmic components into membrane vesicles which bleb-off the surface. Since some of these components (e.g., peptidoglycan hydrolases) can degrade other surrounding cells, the vesicles could be predatory; i.e., a natural system by which neighboring bacteria are targeted and lysed, thereby liberating additional nutrients to the microbial community. This obviously would be of benefit to vesicle-producing bacteria living in biofilms containing mixed microbial populations.
How Does Perceived Support Lead to Better Performance? An Examination of Potential Mechanisms

Using a high-performance sample of 118 golfers, we examined the relationship between perceived support and performance. Observed variable path analysis revealed that the beneficial effects of perceived support were primarily attributable to esteem support. High levels of esteem support were associated with appraising a competition as less of a threat. Esteem support was also positively associated with situational control, which was positively associated with challenge appraisals and negatively associated with threat appraisals. Challenge appraisals were associated with better performance and threat appraisals with poorer performance. These results highlight possible mechanisms underlying the relationship between esteem support and performance.
A Prospective, Quantitative Study of the Natural History of Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD)

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal-dominant disorder localized to 4q35. Neither the gene nor the gene product has been identified. There is presently no established treatment for FSHD. Prospective data on the natural history of this disorder are essential for the effective design of therapeutic trials. We systematically followed 81 well defined FSHD patients for up to 3 years using a standardized protocol that included manual muscle testing (MMT), maximum voluntary isometric contraction testing (MVICT), and functional testing. Muscle strength was strongly associated with measures of muscle mass, age at onset, and duration of disease. Decline in strength over time was slow but detectable with both MVICT and MMT. The magnitude of decline was not associated with either age, gender, age at onset, or duration of disease. This study establishes reliable and valid measures of disease state and progression for use as outcome variables in clinical trials in FSHD, and also provides guidelines for determining sample size and duration of follow-up. A two-armed clinical trial involving 160 patients per group and 1 year of follow-up would provide 80% power to detect complete arrest of the progression of the disease. Trials with fewer patients would thus have adequate power to detect only improvements in strength, unless follow-up duration were extended well beyond 1 year. NEUROLOGY 1997;48: 38-46
Rationality without reason and the aetiology of mental illness

For over three centuries we, in Western societies, have lived in an Age of Reason. The accepted wisdom is that decision-making must be a purely rational process devoid of emotion and underpinned by objective knowledge. This article draws attention to the invasion of human affairs by an ideology which makes deliberate use of one kind of rationality to the exclusion of all others. Changes in work and its organisation have been particularly driven by economic rationality which allows no thought for the effects on individuals. The clinical evidence centres around four specific cases which are presented against a background of the business practices current in the control of work. It is argued that these have a deleterious effect on mental health, especially for those psychologically disposed to respond faithfully to management calls for greater teamwork and commitment.
Regulatory peptides in the mammalian respiratory tract.

The quantitative distribution of five biologically active peptides was determined by RIA and immunocytochemistry in various regions of cat, rat, and guinea pig respiratory tracts. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and substance P were found in higher concentrations than cholecystokinin (CCK), SRIF, and bombesin. In general, higher concentrations were found in the main airways than in lung tissue. Immunocytochemistry localized VIP and substance P to autonomic nerves, whereas bombesin was found in very scattered mucosal endocrine cells of the cat bronchial epithelium. CCK and SRIF could not be convincingly localized by immunocytochemistry because of their low tissue concentrations. Species differences were noted, with high VIP but low substance P concentrations in the main airways of the cat; this relationship was reversed in the rat and guinea pig. Gel permeation chromatography of extracts revealed one peak, coeluting with the pure standard peptide, for CCK-8, SRIF, substance P, and VIP. Bombesin imm.
ENTREPRENEURIAL COLLABORATION : TERMS OF ENDEARMENT OR RULES OF ENGAGEMENT ?

Many potential entrepreneurs face the choice as to whether they should collaborate when setting up in business. Small business research has generated little in the way of information or advice on collaborative entrepreneurship. This paper goes some way towards addressing that lack. The paper reports the findings of a survey of 106 collaborative entrepreneurs and describes their assessments of the benefits and disadvantages of coownership and their evaluation of the factors making for its success. Experiences of unsuccessful collaboration are also recounted. The findings illustrate how those involved saw collaborative entrepreneurship in terms of economic, organisational and interpersonal relationships. Whilst the benefits of collaboration were primarily economic, the affective aspects of the close inter-personal relationship provided the ‘glue’. The paper makes a contribution to the arguments for a more holistic approach in small business research in general, and the need to take account of the impact of the feelings and beliefs of owner-managers on the ‘economic’ choices they make.