Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modified Energy Efficient Cache Invalidation Algorithm in Mobile Environment

Maintenance of the cache consistency is a complicated issue in the wireless mobile environment. Caching of frequently accessed data items on the node can reduce the bandwidth requirement of the mobile node environment. In this paper, we present a new technique called Modified Energy Efficient Cache Invalidation Algorithm (MEECIA) especially to reduce the uplink bandwidth consumption in the wireless ad-hoc network, by choosing following modes: Slow, Fast, Super-fast. The mode is selected based on threshold specified for time and the number of node requesting the updated data to other node. Simulation results demonstrate that our algorithm is efficient in improving mobile caching, reducing the communication bandwidth and also efficiently utilizing the energy in ad-hoc network. Compared to the previously reported cache based Invalidation Report (IR), our scheme can significantly improve the performance in terms of energy consumption and reduce the query latency in ad-hoc network.
Anomalous anatomy of identified neurons in the larval prawn: spontaneous and induced by microlesions

The abdominal ganglia of the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii undergo developmental changes of fundamental interest between the time of hatching and metamorphosis. These changes include an increase in cell numbers and changes in the connectivity between identified neurons. The giant motoneurons involved in the escape response, which form a syncytium in the adult, are observed as separate neurons with crossed axons in early larvae. Anomalous growth and connections of identified neurons were studied in order to gain some understanding of the rules and mechanisms governing normal development. Spontaneous anomalies included: supernumerary axons and abnormal axonal trajectories. The plasticity and specificity of identified neurons were studied by following the anatomical effects of deletions of giant neurons. Microlesions were inflicted reproducibly by means of a focused beam of visible and ultraviolet light. Within a day, irradiated cell bodies are eliminated; complete disappearance of the axon takes about 10 days, indicating that the remarkable ability of some invertebrate neurons to survive without a soma is not present in the larval prawn. As a result of the removal of an axon, the most common effect found in central connections was the absence of the collaterals or axons deprived of their targets. No collateral sprouting was detected in the central nervous system. In about a third of the ganglia where a giant motoneuron was killed and structure was analyzed 2 or more weeks after irradiation, anomalous connections were found. They usually involved contacts between an interneuron deprived of its normal target and the contralateral motoneuron which remained intact. The restricted types of anomalies observed support the notion of a hierarchical order in the rules governing formation of central synapses, in which neuron type ranks higher than laterality.
Personalized pre-trust reputation management in social P2P network

In this paper, we first show that EigenTrust works poorly when facing sophisticated threat models in which there are disguised peers or spies. We argue that the eigenvector based uniform trust propagation model employed by EigenTrust fails to prevent good peers from propagating their trust to malicious ones, who can always gain positive ratings from good peers by fooling them with some good services from time to time. Then we propose PersonalTrust, a personalized pre-trust reputation management model on the basic of EigenTrust. PersonalTrust utilizes personalized pre-trust and the transitivity of pre-trust. We assume that except for those pre-trusted peers selected by system, every peer can select their own personalized pre-trusted peers based on their own interactions with other peers in the network. By utilizing the transitivity of pre-trust, we can obtain the pre-trust matrix which contains the information to ensure that the trust of peers will only propagate within the circle of trusted friends. In addition, we incorporate a mechanism into PersonalTrust to automatically update the pre-trust matrix. The results of our simulations reveal that our proposal performs better than EigenTrust, and outperforms EigenTrust when threat models consist of not only pure malicious peers but also disguised peers or spies.
Social Class and Belonging: Implications for College Adjustment

This study addressed the extent to which social class position structures a sense of belonging at college, and the ways in which belonging informs adjustment to college. Among 322 liberal arts college students, social class background was significantly associated with a sense of belonging at college and was marginally related to academic performance but was not related to the quality of the experience they were having at college. Sense of belonging mediated the relationship between class background and adjustment to college.
Correction: HIV-1 Tat Protein Increases Microglial Outward K+ Current and Resultant Neurotoxic Activity

Citation: The PLOS ONE Staff (2014) Correction: HIV-1 Tat Protein Increases Microglial Outward K Current and Resultant Neurotoxic Activity. PLoS ONE 9(9): e109218. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0109218 Published September 19, 2014 Copyright: 2014 The PLOS ONE Staff. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Neurobiology of stress urinary incontinence: New insights and implications for treatment

Summary Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a significant problem for millions of women, many of whom remain untreated for years, sometimes for life. One reason for this is the lack of effective pharmacologic therapy. The drugs used for urge incontinence have little or no effect on leakage occurring without detrusor contraction under conditions of increased intra-abdominal pressure. Recent studies suggest that extrinsic urethral sphincter closure may be controlled by enhancing neurotransmission in pudendal pathways. A new agent, duloxetine, which inhibits serotonin-norepinephrine re-uptake in these pathways, is now in clinical trials and appears to be the first effective pharmacologic therapy for SUI.
Harnessing Dynamic Interests of Crowd in Chinese Online Shopping Festivals

Online shopping is popular in promotion festivals like Singles' Day in China. With the presence of a flash crowd of customers during the limited time in E-commerce websites, the traditional system provides multi-dimensional product ranking lists including popularity based bought lists and viewed lists due to the customers' conformity to the popular products. However, the overloaded information may cause a long path to purchase for customers, who can not efficiently buy satisfied products within the time-limited festivals. To shorten customers' purchasing path, this paper designs an interests-based ranking method to automatically and efficiently aggregate an unified ranking list, by analyzing thousands of customers' shopping behavior to harness the dynamic and wide interests of crowd. Initially, we transform the local interaction behavior of flash crowd into the interests of crowd, which then is further personalized to an unified ranking for each customer. We combine user's temporal interests and current crowd wisdom to generate a new personalized unified ranking. The combined ranking is continuously adjusted with the recent fixed past time window data iteratively according to the evolution growth of crowd. An implementation test is carried out on a real world trace in large-scale interaction logs, which is from Alibaba Tmall with 12 million users and 29 thousand brands. It shows that combining the user's temporal interests and the aggregated crowd wisdom ranking improve the quality of item recommendations distinctly.
L'approccio psicoterapeutico postrazionalista alle psicosi Psychotherapeutic postrationalist approach to psychosis

SUMMARY. The article describes the heuristic contributions of the postrationalist psychosis model. It highlights the differ ence with other psychotherapeutic interventions in psychosis (phenomenological, psychoanalytic, cognitive) due to a change in epistemological perspective, in particular the distinction of domains, that of the observer and the observed, and the recon struction of the subjective path that organizes a psychotic subject. The psychotherapy aims to contextualize the experience through the sequencing of the narrative to get an internalization of these experiences, lived in the crisis as external and alien to the self.
How an SMS-based malware infection will get throttled by the wireless link

As smart phones increase in popularity, they become an attractive target for attackers and spammers. This paper presents a new simulation model that evaluates the effects of an SMS-based malware infection in GSM and UMTS networks. It is the first known work that accounts for the wireless link of the network in modeling of malware propagation. The paper demonstrates propagation of the SMS-transmitted malware in a densely populated metropolitan area. It shows that spreading rate of cellular malware is tightly bounded by the actual network architecture and strongly diverges from the pattern seen in regular wired Internet-connected networks.
Cyclotide Interactions with the Nematode External Surface

ABSTRACT Cyclotides are a large family of cyclic cystine knot-containing plant peptides that have anthelminthic activities against Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis, two important gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. In this study, we investigated the interaction of the prototypic cyclotide kalata B1 with the external surface of H. contortus larvae and adult worms. We show that cyclotides do not need to be ingested by the worms to exert their toxic effects but that an interaction with the external surface alone is toxic. Evidence for this was the toxicity toward adult worms in the presence of a chemically induced pharyngeal ligature and toxicity of cyclotides toward nonfeeding larval life stages. Uptake of tritiated inulin in ligated adult worms was increased in the presence of cyclotide, suggesting that cyclotides increase the permeability of the external membranes of adult nematodes. Polyethylene glycols of various sizes showed protective effects on the nonfeeding larval life stage, as well as in hemolytic activity assays, suggesting that discrete pores are formed in the membrane surfaces by cyclotides and that these can be blocked by polyethylene glycols of appropriate size. This increased permeability is consistent with recently reported effects of cyclotides on membranes in which kalata B1 was demonstrated to form pores and cause leakage of vesicle/cellular contents. Our data, together with known size constraints on the movement of permeants across nematode cuticle layers, suggest that one action of the cyclotides involves an interaction with the lipid-rich epicuticle layer at the surface of the worm.
Altmetrics as traces of the computerization of the research process

I propose a broad, multi-dimensional conception of altmetrics, namely as traces of the computerization of the research process. Computerization should be conceived in its broadest sense, including all recent developments in ICT and software, taking place in society as a whole. I distinguish four aspects of the research process: the collection of research data and development of research methods; scientific information processing; communication and organization; and, last but not least, research assessment. I will argue that in each aspect, computerization plays a key role, and metrics are being developed to describe this process. I propose to label the total collection of such metrics as Altmetrics. I seek to provide a theoretical foundation of altmetrics, based on notions developed by Michael Nielsen in his monograph Reinventing Discovery: The New Era of Networked Science. Altmetrics can be conceived as tools for the practical realization of the ethos of science and scholarship in a computerized or digital age.
GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE WESTERN EQUATORIAL REGION OF MARS

Although the origin and composition of many units are obscure or controversial, their interpretations are based on objective descriptions of morphologic characteristics visible on Viking photomosaics and images. LOWLAND TERRAIN MATERIALS Consist of all plains-forming units between the highland-lowland boundary scarp and the north edge of the map area, exclusive of materials of the western volcanic assemblage on the Tharsis swell. Northern plains assemblage Materials deposited in widespread sheets on northern plains. Within each formation, members mapped at places on basis of crater density; these contacts are approximately located. Assemblage postdates highland-lowland boundary scarp (Scott, 1979). ARCADIA FORMATION—Forms low-lying plains in Arcadia, Amazonis, and Acidalia Planitiae. Embays highland margins and partly buries outflow channels of Kasei, Shalbatana, Simud, Tiu, and Ares Valles. Members distinguished on basis of morphology, albedo, and crater density; common boundaries of older members mapped arbitrarily at places. Flows with lobate margins and small hills with summit craters visible in many places. High-resolution pictures show that sources of some flows are small cratered cones. Interpretation: Mostly lava flows and small volcanoes Aa5 Member 5—Relatively small areal extent. Dark, fresh-appearing flows; few superposed impact craters. Type area: lat 47° N. , long 30° Aa4 Member 4—In Arcadia Planitia underlies member 5 and has similar appearance; one other occurrence in channel system of Chryse Planitia. Type area: lat 45° N. , long 175° Aa3 Member 3—Forms smooth plains west of Olympus Mons aureoles; embays both the aureoles and fractured terra of Acheron Fossae. Flow fronts visible in places. Type area: lat 15° N. , long 155° Aa2 Member 2—Underlies members 3, 4, and 5 in Arcadia Planitia. Includes many small (<10-km-diameter) structures resembling volcanoes and cinder cones. Curved concentric ridges visible on surfaces of flows. Type area: lat 45° N. , long 155° Aa1 Member l—Widespread in Chryse and Amazonis Planitiae. Mare-type (wrinkle) ridges common. Type area: lat 30° N. , long 40° MEDUSAE FOSSAE FORMATION—Consists of extensive, relatively flat sheets, generally smooth to grooved and gently undulating; deposits appear to vary from soft to indurated; albedo moderate. Occurs near equator in western part of map area. Total thickness may exceed 3 km Amu Upper member—Discontinuous but widespread deposits extend from south of Olympus Mons westward across Amazonis Sulci to map boundary. Smooth, flat to rolling, light-colored surfaces; sculptured into ridges and grooves in places (as in Medusae Fossae); broadly curved margins, locally serrated. Type area: lat 0° N. , long 160°. Interpretation: Nonwelded ash-flow …
Initial Assessment of the Molecular Epidemiology of blaNDM-1 in Colombia

ABSTRACT We report complete genome sequences of four blaNDM-1-harboring Gram-negative multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates from Colombia. The blaNDM-1 genes were located on 193-kb Inc FIA, 178-kb Inc A/C2, and 47-kb (unknown Inc type) plasmids. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed that these isolates belong to sequence type 10 (ST10) (Escherichia coli), ST392 (Klebsiella pneumoniae), and ST322 and ST464 (Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter nosocomialis, respectively). Our analysis identified that the Inc A/C2 plasmid in E. coli contained a novel complex transposon (Tn125 and Tn5393 with three copies of blaNDM-1) and a recombination “hot spot” for the acquisition of new resistance determinants.
An algebraic approach to ground-volume decomposition from multi-baseline PolInSAR data

In this paper, an algebraic methodology is described for the separation of ground and volume contributions basing on multi-baseline and multi-polarimetric acquisitions. As a result, a new general procedure is defined that encompasses single-baseline PolInSAR as a special case, and allows to proceed to ground/volume separation not only through model based approaches, but also through model free and hybrid approaches. Furthermore, it will be shown that such a methodology yields the best solution in the Least Square sense.
Intracoronary Adenosine Deaminase Reduces Canine Myocardial Reactive Hyperemia

We employed intracoronary infusions of calf intenstine adenosine deaminase (ADA) to test the hypothesis that adenosine regulates coronary blood flow during myocardial reactive hyperemia (RH). Infusions of 4.5 U ADA/min per kg body weight into the left circumflex coronary artery of 10 open-chest dogs reversibly reduced repayment of flow debt by 30–39% (P< 0.05) following 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 30-second coronary occlusions, the percentage reduction being independent of occlusion length. ADA reduced peak RH flow rate (17%, P < 0.05) only after 5-second occlusions. Intracoronary infusions of [131]ADA in seven dogs produced interstitial ADA concentrations between 1.2 and 13.1 U/ ml in perfused myocardium and, In five of these dogs, 131I activity in the cardiac node was 1.8–35 times that of contiguous mediastinal tissue. Theophylline, a specific adenosine antagonist, reduced repayment of flow debt by 27–38% {P < 0.02) in eight dogs, an effect similar to that of ADA, In six other dogs, ADA plus theophylline did not reduce RH flow debt repayment below that produced by ADA alone. This experiment confirms the contribution of adenosine to myocardial RH but shows that this nucleoside accounts for but a third of volume flow. Other, as yet unidentified, factors are collectively more important.
Time-domain analog signal processing techniques

Digital design is the driving force for the rapidly emerging deep submicron CMOS technologies. As CMOS processes are typically getting more and more optimized for the needs of digital circuitry, this trend can influence the future milestones for analog design. In other words, CMOS technologies are being developed to improve digital switching speeds, lower the supply voltages, and reduce transistor geometries to increase the packing density of digital circuits, where all these modifications can negatively impact analog and mixed-signal circuit performance by reducing the input voltage swings and the linearity over the range of operation as well as information loss caused by charge injection induced by the digital part. These all can introduce very critical obstacles to overcome in mixed-signal domain while moving to newly developed CMOS technologies. Time-mode signal processing or TMSP as a promising candidate to replace conventional voltage signal processing is being investigated for the last decade and achievements in this domain has shown a great potential to offset some of the above mentioned constraints in analog and mixed-signal design. The new approach allows the designer to implement analog blocks using digital cells where the time delay between two rising edges is the variable of interest to being processed. Although the concept of TMSP is fairly new, several works have begun to investigate its potential in many other applications to find a one to one correspondence between the previously designed techniques in voltage domain and the new ones in TMSP. The starting point to understand how they work is the conversion between voltage into time where time to digital converter (VTC) is introduced. Voltage controlled delay units (VCDU) adopt modified digital inverters to introduce controlled delays. Dynamic range and linearity are two main concerns about the developed VDCUs. To compensate for limited input range of the delay blocks, time amplifiers are developed to amplify the output of delay blocks in time domain. Other basic processing blocks like adder, subtractor, multiplier and integrator have been subject of research to ease the transfer of analog topologies into TMSP structures. To make a connection between digital domain and TMSP, time to digital converters (TDC), as a counterpart of ADC in voltage domain, are essential. Like voltage domain, different topologies have been developed to implement TDCs. Flash and deltasigma TDCs are two successful designs which show very promising results by decreased power as well as area consumption compared to Flash and Delta-Sigma ADCs. The huge difference gets evident when a delta-sigma TDC is easily implemented by several inverters arranged in a digital oscillator structure plus a D-flip-flop to do the comparison between the reference square signal and the input signal dependently phase modulated signal.
Incidence of intervertebral disk degeneration-related diseases and associated mortality rates in dogs.

OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence and distribution of intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration-related diseases in a large population of dogs of various breeds, ages, and sexes and to determine mortality rates among dogs with these diseases. DESIGN Epidemiological study. SAMPLE Insurance data for dogs with veterinary health-care and life insurance coverage (n = 665,249 and 552,120, respectively). PROCEDURES Insurance claim records of 1 company in Sweden were searched to identify dogs with IVD degeneration-related diseases; incidence and mortality rates were determined for affected dogs < 12 years old and < 10 years old, respectively. Only the first paid IVD degeneration-related claim for a dog was included in incidence rate calculations. RESULTS The incidence rate of IVD degeneration-related diseases was 27.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.2 to 28.4) occurrences/10,000 dog-years at risk (DYAR), indicating that approximately 0.3% of dogs/y in this population were affected. Miniature Dachshund was the most highly represented breed, followed by Standard Dachshund and Doberman Pinscher (237.1 [95% CI, 212.9 to 261.4], 141.5 [95% CI, 135.5 to 147.4], and 88.6 [95% CI, 72.1 to 105.2] occurrences/10,000 DYAR, respectively). The incidence rate of IVD degeneration-related disease was greater in male than in female dogs and increased with age. Overall mortality rate attributed to IVD degeneration-related diseases was 9.4 (95% CI, 8.9 to 9.8) deaths/10,000 DYAR and was greater in males than in females. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Differences in incidence rates among various breeds suggested a genetic involvement. Knowledge of the distribution of IVD degeneration-related diseases among dogs of various breeds and ages may facilitate early diagnosis and preemptive treatments in patients at risk for developing these diseases.