Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison between whole mount tissue preparations and virtual tissue microarray samples for measuring Ki-67 and apoptosis indices in human bladder cancer

Abstract Recent tissue microarray (TMA)-based studies have shown that cell proliferation- and apoptosis-related biomarkers are associated with clinical outcomes in patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma. However, little is known about the differences in these biomarker measurements between whole mount tissue preparations and TMAs. This study aimed to elucidate the discrepancy in the measurements of Ki-67 indices (KIs) and apoptosis indices (AIs) between whole mount tissue preparations and TMAs of bladder urothelial carcinoma samples. Whole mount tissue preparations for Ki-67 immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling were made from 30 patients who underwent transurethral resection of bladder urothelial carcinoma. Digital microscopy-assisted virtual TMAs, consisting of 3 small round areas (1 or 0.6 mm in diameter), were generated from the same whole mount tissue preparations. The measurement results in highly reactive areas of biomarkers were compared between the whole mount tissue preparation- and the TMA-based methods. Bland–Altman plot analysis, regression analysis, and Kendall &tgr; were performed to investigate differences in the measurement results, systematic biases, and correlations between biomarkers. Although the Bland–Altman plot analysis demonstrated that almost all the plots were within the limits of agreement, fixed biases were detected in the 1- and 0.6-mm TMAs for the KI (0.181 and 0.222, respectively) and the AI (0.055 and 0.063, respectively). Proportional biases were also detected in the 1- and 0.6-mm TMAs for the AI (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, positive correlations between KIs and AIs were observed in whole mount tissue preparations (r = 0.260, P = 0.044) and in the 1 mm TMAs (r = 0.375, P = 0.004); however, no such correlation was observed in the 0.6 mm TMAs. Our study suggests that the measurement results for certain biomarkers of bladder urothelial carcinoma obtained from TMA-based samples can be susceptible to systematic bias, and the lack of correlation between biomarkers cannot be avoided as it is in whole mount tissue preparations. Virtual TMAs can help identify systematic bias and establish a better sampling strategy prior to performing high-throughput TMAs for biomarker studies.
Sleep and prejudice: a resource recovery approach

Does sleepiness make one more likely to engage in stereotyping? Are people more likely to be prejudiced because of a poor night of sleep? Borrowing from ego depletion theory and research on self-control and prejudice, the present work investigates these questions. We suggest that sleep is a diminishable resource that fuels self-control and is, therefore, necessary for inhibiting prejudice. A series of 3 studies show that sleep did influence prejudice. Furthermore, we found that the relationship between sleep and prejudice was marginally moderated by negative implicit associations, such that this relationship primarily held true for individuals who have high negative implicit associations. These results highlight the critical role that sleep plays in suppressing prejudice.
A study Of beamforming techniques and their blind approach

Beamforming is a technique in which an array of antennas is exploited to achieve maximum reception in a specified direction by estimating the signal arrival from a desired direction (in the presence of noise) while signals of the same frequency from other directions are rejected. This is achieved by varying the weights of each of the sensors (antennas) used in the array. It basically uses the idea that, though the signals emanating from different transmitters occupy the same frequency channel, they still arrive from different directions. This spatial separation is exploited to separate the desired signal from the interfering signals. In adaptive beamforming the optimum weights are iteratively computed using complex algorithms based upon different criteria.
Direct evidence of lipid translocation between adipocytes and prostate cancer cells with imaging FTIR microspectroscopy Published, JLR Papers in Press, May 11, 2007.

Various epidemiological studies show a positive correlation between high intake of dietary FAs and metastatic prostate cancer (CaP). Moreover, CaP metastasizes to the bone marrow, which harbors a rich source of lipids stored within adipocytes. Here, we use Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy to study adipocyte biochemistry and to demonstrate that PC-3 cells uptake isotopically labeled FA [deuterated palmitic acid (D31-PA)] from an adipocyte. Using this vibrational spectroscopic technique, we detected subcellular locations in a single adipocyte enriched with D31-PA using the υas+s(C-D)2+3 (D31-PA): υas+s(C-H)2+3 (lipid hydrocarbon) signal. In addition, larger adipocytes were found to consist of a higher percentage of D31-PA of the total lipid found within the adipocyte. Following background subtraction, the υas(C-D)2+3 signal illuminated starved PC-3 cells cocultured with D31-PA-loaded adipocytes, indicating translocation of the labeled FA. This study demonstrates lipid-specific translocation between adipocytes and tumor cells and the use of FTIR microspectroscopy to characterize various biomolecular features of a single adipocyte without the requirement for cell isolation and lipid extraction.
Generating Pareto-Optimal Offers in Bilateral Automated Negotiation with One-Side Uncertain Importance Weights

Pareto efficiency is a seminal condition in the bargaining problem which leads autonomous agents to a Nash-equilibrium. This paper investigates the problem of the generating Pareto-optimal offers in bilateral multi-issues negotiation where an agent has incomplete information and the other one has perfect information. To this end, at first, the bilateral negotiation is modeled by split the pie game and alternating-offer protocol. Then, the properties of the Pareto-optimal offers are investigated. Finally, based on properties of the Pareto-optimal offers, an algorithmic solution for generating near-optimal offers with incomplete information is presented. The agent with incomplete information generates near-optimal offers in O(n log n). The results indicate that, in the early rounds of the negotiation, the agent with incomplete information can generate near-optimal offers, but as time passes the agent can learn its opponents preferences and generate Pareto-optimal offers. The empirical analysis also indicates that the proposed algorithm outperform the smart random trade-offs (SRT) algorithm.
[Epidemiological characteristics of enterovirus type 71 diseases].

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of disease caused by enterovirus type 71. METHODS A total of 10 158 children aged between 6 and 35 months, were recruited from 7 sites where EV71 inactivated vaccine phase 3 clinical trial was carried out. All the subjects were followed up to one year to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of the disease caused by EV71. RESULTS The accumulate incidence density of disease caused by EV71 was 15.17/1 000 person-year. Of all the cases, hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), herpangina, respiratory system diseases, digestive system diseases and other diseases accounted for 82.00%, 2.67%, 13.33%, 1.33% and 0.67%, respectively. The difference of the incidence density between boys and girls showed no statistical significance. Majority of the patients were between 12 and 23 months of age, which accounted for 58.67% of the total patients. The differences of incidence density between different months of age were statistically significant (χ(2) = 7.789, P = 0.020). The peak incidence density of disease caused by EV71 occurred from April to June. Nine cases showed severe symptoms or signs that accounted for 6.00% of all the cases. All severe cases were identified as HFMD, of which 7 were boys and 2 were girls. The number of severe cases in different months of age appeared to be 1, 7, and 1, all occurred between April and June. The median courses of HFMD cases and non-HFMD cases were 9 and 6 days, with difference statistically significant (Z = -4.000, P < 0.001). Median of excretion cycle for HFMD and non-HFMD cases were 9 and 11 days respectively. But with no statistically significant difference between the two. CONCLUSION Majority of the disease that caused by EV71 appeared as HFMD. Most of them were younger children and with seasonal variation.
Negotiating nature: exploring discourse through small group research

The full potential of discussion groups to further geographic interest in the relationship between discourse, individual and society can still be developed further. This paper briefly reviews previous applications of discussion group methodologies before suggesting a new discourse-centred approach that explores how broad social discourses impact everyday conversations. The approach is demonstrated through a case study involving supporters of environmental movements in Australia. It is concluded that small groups can be used in new ways that provide important methodologically unique insights into the reception of transient, but powerful, discourses upon everyday lives.
An introduction to logistic regression: from basic concepts to interpretation with particular attention to nursing domain.

PURPOSE The purpose of this article is twofold: 1) introducing logistic regression (LR), a multivariable method for modeling the relationship between multiple independent variables and a categorical dependent variable, and 2) examining use and reporting of LR in the nursing literature. METHODS Text books on LR and research articles employing LR as main statistical analysis were reviewed. Twenty-three articles published between 2010 and 2011 in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing were analyzed for proper use and reporting of LR models. RESULTS Logistic regression from basic concepts such as odds, odds ratio, logit transformation and logistic curve, assumption, fitting, reporting and interpreting to cautions were presented. Substantial shortcomings were found in both use of LR and reporting of results. For many studies, sample size was not sufficiently large to call into question the accuracy of the regression model. Additionally, only one study reported validation analysis. CONCLUSION Nursing researchers need to pay greater attention to guidelines concerning the use and reporting of LR models.
Bayesian density regression

Summary. The paper considers Bayesian methods for density regression, allowing a random probability distribution to change flexibly with multiple predictors. The conditional response distribution is expressed as a non‐parametric mixture of regression models, with the mixture distribution changing with predictors. A class of weighted mixture of Dirichlet process priors is proposed for the uncountable collection of mixture distributions. It is shown that this specification results in a generalized Pólya urn scheme, which incorporates weights that are dependent on the distance between subjects’ predictor values. To allow local dependence in the mixture distributions, we propose a kernel‐based weighting scheme. A Gibbs sampling algorithm is developed for posterior computation. The methods are illustrated by using simulated data examples and an epidemiologic application.
Aqueous humor dynamics in mice.

PURPOSE To assess aqueous humor dynamics in mouse eyes. METHODS Aqueous humor dynamics of NIH Swiss White mouse were assessed with an injection and aspiration system, using fine glass microneedles. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by a microneedle connected to a pressure transducer. Episcleral venous pressure (EVP) was measured by gradually lowering intracameral pressure until blood reflux into Schlemm's canal was observed. Outflow facility (C) was determined based on constant pressure perfusion measurements obtained at two different IOPs. Aqueous volume (V(a)) was determined by direct measurement of aspirated aqueous humor. Aqueous humor production (F(a)) was measured by the dilution method with rhodamine-dextran. Conventional and uveoscleral outflow (F(c) and F(u), respectively), as well as the turnover rate of aqueous humor, were also calculated. RESULTS IOP and EVP were 15.7 +/- 2.0 and 9.5 +/- 1.2 mm Hg, respectively (n = 20). F(a) was 0.18 +/- 0.05 microL/min (mean +/- SD; n = 8). C was 0.0051 +/- 0.0006 microL/min per mm Hg (n = 8). Estimated F(c) and F(u) were 0.032 and 0.148 microL/min, respectively. F(c) was 18% of F(a). F(u) was 82% of F(a). V(a) was 5.9 +/- 0.5 microL (n = 8). The calculated turnover rate of aqueous humor was 2.5%. CONCLUSIONS The mouse eye has similar aqueous production and aqueous humor turnover rate as the human eye. The presence of both conventional and uveoscleral outflow suggests that the mouse is a useful model system for further investigations of the biology of aqueous dynamics.
Alphaherpesviruses and Chemokines: Pas de Deux Not Yet Brought to Perfection

The coexistence of viruses and their hosts implies constant and mutual evolutionary pressure. In addition to the fundamental systems necessary for viruses to replicate and spread, viruses have developed accessory systems to escape killing by the host's immune system. Herpesviruses have been coevolving with their hosts over millions of years and are exquisitely well adapted to their respective partners. Biological criteria have long been used to subdivide the family Herpesviridae into three subfamilies, namely Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaherpesvirinae. Members of the Alphaherpesvirinae have a narrow in vivo host range, a short replication cycle, and the capacity to establish lifelong, latent infections, primarily but not exclusively in neurons of sensory ganglia (50). Their linear, double-stranded DNA genomes vary between 124 and 177 kbp in length and generally consist of regions of unique sequences flanked by direct or inverted repeat sequences. The subfamily includes human pathogens as well as a number of animal viruses of considerable agricultural and economic importance (Table ​(Table1). 1). The human pathogens herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are the causative agents of cold sores, genital ulcerous disease, and chickenpox/shingles, respectively. Some of the animal herpesviruses can cause diseases with potentially devastating economic consequences. Infection with equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) results in respiratory disease, abortion, and neurological disorders; bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) leads to respiratory infections and abortions in cattle; pseudorabies virus (PRV) (suid herpesvirus 1) infection (Aujeszky's disease) is characterized by respiratory and neurological disorders, abortion, and infertility in swine; and Marek's disease virus (MDV), an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus, causes massive immunosuppression and invariably lethal T-cell lymphomas in unvaccinated chickens.
Empowering CH Experts to Produce IoT-enhanced Visits

This demo presents a platform for the definition of IoT-enhanced visits to Cultural Heritage (CH) sites. The platform is characterized by an End-User Development paradigm applied to the Internet of Things technologies and customized for the CH domain. It allows different stakeholders to configure the behavior of smart objects in order to create more engaging visit experience and to increase the appropriation of CH content by visitors.
Reciprocal utterances during interactions between deaf toddlers and their hearing mothers

Abstract This study compared reciprocal utterances of six hearing mother–hearing toddler dyads and six hearing mother–deaf toddler dyads. Child participants were matched by language stage based on Brown's stages of morphological development and were aged between 25 and 45 months. Child participants were observed interacting with their mothers during videotaped free play sessions. Language samples containing up to a maximum of 100 child utterances from each dyad were transcribed, coded and analysed. Reciprocal utterance units (RUUs) were compared between the hearing and deaf dyads. Results indicated that significant differences existed between dyads having hearing toddlers and dyads having deaf toddlers with regard to the type and frequency of reciprocal utterance units. Some variations to this general finding are discussed.
Changes in Functional Outcome Over the First Year After Stroke: An Observational Study From the Swedish Stroke Register

Background and Purpose— Large longitudinal studies on stroke outcome are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze predictors and changes in functional outcome during the first year poststroke. Methods— Data on patients who were independent in activities of daily living (ADL) and hospitalized for acute stroke in 2008 to 2010 were obtained from the Swedish Stroke Register. Case fatality was assessed by linkage to the Swedish Population Register. ADL was defined by independence or dependence in dressing, toileting, and indoor mobility and assessed at 3 and 12 months. Predictors of ADL dependency were assessed through multivariate analysis. Results— In total, 64 746 patients were included. Case fatality at 3 months was 13.1% (men 11.6% versus women 14.8%; P<0.0001) and at 12 months 18.2% (men 16.4% versus women 20.3%; P<0,0001). In the 35 064 followed-up survivors, ADL dependency rates at 3 and 12 months were 16.2% (men 15.9% versus women 19.2%; P<0.0001) and 28.3% (men 22.7% versus women 34.9%, P<0.0001), respectively. Factors predicting deterioration to ADL dependency between 3 and 12 months were female sex (relative risk [RR]=1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50–1.70), diabetes mellitus (RR=1.50; 95% CI, 1.05–1.60), comatose at admittance (RR=2.34; 95% CI, 1.79–3.05), previous stroke (RR=1.52; 95% CI, 1.43–1.61), hemorrhagic or unspecified stroke (RR=1.14; 95% CI, 1.05–1.25), and atrial fibrillation (RR= 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04–1.17). Conclusions— Transition from ADL independence to dependence was observed in a high proportion of patients between 3 and 12 months, challenging the common belief that functioning after stroke is stable beyond 3 months. Deterioration occurred more commonly in women, among whom 1/6 converted to dependency.
Comparing Commercial Tools and State-of-the-Art Methods for Generating Text Summaries

Nowadays, there are commercial tools that allow automatic generation of text summaries. However, it is not known the quality of the generated summaries and the method that it is used for the generation of the summaries using these commercial tools. This paper provides a study about the commercial tools such as Copernic Summarizer, Microsoft Office Word Summarizer 2003 and Microsoft Office Word Summarizer 2007, with the objective to detect which of them gives the summaries more similar to those made by a human. Furthermore, the comparison between commercial tools and state-of-the-art methods is realized. The experiments were carried out using DUC-2002 standard collection which contains 567 news in English.
Asymmetric locality preserving projection and its application to k-nearest neighbor method

In recent years, many methods for data compression and structure extraction from various types of massive data using multivariate analysis have been proposed. The locality preserving projection, which uses a symmetric similarity matrix, is one of these data compression methods. However, the similarity matrix expressing the characteristic of data may often not be symmetric in real. In this sturdy, we propose an asymmetric locality preserving projection that expands the locality preserving projection from a symmetric similarity matrix method to one that uses an asymmetric similarity matrix. We also show the experimental results of its application to the k-nearest neighbor method as an example.
SLAM problem via H∞ filter with compensation for intermittent observation

This paper deals with the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) problem via the H∞ filter with compensations for intermittent observations. In order to estimate positions of a robot and landmarks accurately under intermittent observations, we propose the method with a novel filter which detects and compensates intermittent observations by comparing the obtained data with their estimations. This paper also shows the convergence of the estimated error covariance matrices. With simulation and experimental results, we confirm that the state of the robot and the environmental conditions are estimated accurately via the proposed filter under intermittent observations and that the derived theorems of the convergence are correct.
Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology Dovepress Similarity of Hydrolyzing Activity of Human and Rat Small Intestinal Disaccharidases

Background: The purpose of this study was to clarify whether it is possible to extrapolate results from studies of the hydrolyzing activity of disaccharidases from rats to humans. Materials and methods: We measured disaccharidase activity in humans and rats using identical preparation and assay methods, and investigated the similarity in hydrolyzing activity. Small intestinal samples without malignancy were donated by five patients who had undergone bladder tumor surgery, and homogenates were prepared to measure disaccharidase activity. Adult rat homogenates were prepared using small intestine. Results: Maltase activity was the highest among the five disaccharidases, followed by sucrase and then palatinase in humans and rats. Trehalase activity was slightly lower than that of palatinase in humans and was similar to that of sucrase in rats. Lactase activity was the lowest in humans, but was similar to that of palatinase in rats. Thus, the hydrolyzing activity of five disaccharidases was generally similar in humans and rats. The relative activity of sucrose and palatinase versus maltase was generally similar between humans and rats. The ratio of rat to human hydrolyzing activity of maltase, sucrase, and palatinase was 1.9–3.1, but this was not a significant difference. Leaf extract from Morus alba strongly inhibited the activity of maltase, sucrase, and palatinase, but not trehalase and lactase, and the degree of inhibition was similar in humans and rats. L-arabinose mildly inhibited sucrase activity, but hardly inhibited the activity of maltase, palatinase, trehalase and lactase in humans and rats. The digestibility of 1-kestose, galactosylsucrose, and panose by small intestinal enzymes was very similar between humans and rats. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the digestibility of newly developed saccharide materials evaluated by rat small intestinal enzymes can substitute for evaluation using human enzymes.
The Role of Response Bias in Perceptual Learning

Sensory judgments improve with practice. Such perceptual learning is often thought to reflect an increase in perceptual sensitivity. However, it may also represent a decrease in response bias, with unpracticed observers acting in part on a priori hunches rather than sensory evidence. To examine whether this is the case, 55 observers practiced making a basic auditory judgment (yes/no amplitude-modulation detection or forced-choice frequency/amplitude discrimination) over multiple days. With all tasks, bias was present initially, but decreased with practice. Notably, this was the case even on supposedly “bias-free,” 2-alternative forced-choice, tasks. In those tasks, observers did not favor the same response throughout (stationary bias), but did favor whichever response had been correct on previous trials (nonstationary bias). Means of correcting for bias are described. When applied, these showed that at least 13% of perceptual learning on a forced-choice task was due to reduction in bias. In other situations, changes in bias were shown to obscure the true extent of learning, with changes in estimated sensitivity increasing once bias was corrected for. The possible causes of bias and the implications for our understanding of perceptual learning are discussed.