Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managerial System Change Mechanism in Large Scale Complex Construction Project: A Case Study of World Expo 2010 Shanghai China

Construction project contains numerous negative characteristic for managerial system implementing, but there are also substantial evidences that various system features are indeed important for project management, especially for large scale complex project. In order to achieve the managerial system more efficiently and effectively, system management is absolutely necessary. The primary purpose of this study is to show managerial system change mechanism in large scale complex construction project management for better system management. System change is an economic standpoint for elaborating system emergence, development, change, etc. So the structure of this paper would be as follows: firstly, it explores the features of managerial system for basic comprehension; Secondly, this study elaborates why and how project management system emergence, development, change in large scale construction complex project; and then, focuses on managerial process of project managerial system. The case study of project management system change of World Expo 2010 Shanghai China would be illustrated in the end.
Surrogate Benchmarks for Hyperparameter Optimization

Since hyperparameter optimization is crucial for achieving peak performance with many machine learning algorithms, an active research community has formed around this problem in the last few years. The evaluation of new hyperparameter optimization techniques against the state of the art requires a set of benchmarks. Because such evaluations can be very expensive, early experiments are often performed using synthetic test functions rather than using real-world hyperparameter optimization problems. However, there can be a wide gap between the two kinds of problems. In this work, we introduce another option: cheap-to-evaluate surrogates of real hyperparameter optimization benchmarks that share the same hyperparameter spaces and feature similar response surfaces. Specifically, we train regression models on data describing a machine learning algorithm's performance under a wide range of hyperparameter configurations, and then cheaply evaluate hyperparameter optimization methods using the model's performance predictions in lieu of the real algorithm. We evaluate the effectiveness for using a wide range of regression techniques to build these surrogate benchmarks, both in terms of how well they predict the performance of new configurations and of how much they affect the overall performance of hyperparameter optimizers. Overall, we found that surrogate benchmarks based on random forests performed best: for benchmarks with few hyperparameters they yielded almost perfect surrogates, and for benchmarks with more complex hyperparameter spaces they still yielded surrogates that were qualitatively similar to the real benchmarks they model.
Variability in ISOW vigor over the last 1300 years and its relationship to climate

Resolving the scale and origins of recent low frequency (decadal-centennial) climate variations, such as the AMO, is crucial for predicting how natural variability and anthropogenic forcing will interact to affect future climate evolution. These multi-decadal to centennial variations are often postulated to involve, or even be driven by, changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Assessing this hypothesis for events such as the Little Ice Age (LIA) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) requires records capable of depicting multidecadal changes in past ocean circulation. Here we use well dated (Pb and AMS C), high sedimentation rate, multi and gravity cores taken on the Gardar Sediment Drift (60°19N, 23°58W, 2081 m water depth) to reconstruct decadal to centennial variability in the properties and vigor of the eastern branch of the Nordic Seas overflows over the past millennium. The Gardar drift accumulates on the eastern flank of the Reykjanes ridge due the supply of sediments provided by the overlying Iceland Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW)—an important component of NADW. We reconstruct the bottom water physical and chemical properties of ISOW using the oxygen and carbon isotopes of benthic foraminifera (C. wuellerstorfi), while changes in the vigor of near bottom flow are inferred from size variations in the sediment mean sortable silt ( SS ). The data produced to date provide a sub-decadally sampled history of ISOW variability spanning the last ~1300 years. In addition, changes in surface hydrography are reconstructed using δO of the planktonic foraminifer species G. bulloides, N. pachyderma (d), and G. inflata. This study provides the first evidence that AMOC variability is tightly coupled to low frequency variations in basin-wide climate (AMO). Our results show multi-decadal and centennial variability in ISOW vigor throughout the past ~1300 years. During the past ~350 years ISOW vigor is in phase with reconstructed AMO on both inter-decadal and centennial timescales—with increased (decreased) ISOW vigor during warm (cold) AMO phases. This strong coherence suggests that low frequency variability in key components of AMOC is tightly coupled to basin wide temperature perturbations. However, our reconstructions of local near surface hydrography are out of phase with both the ISOW vigor and basin scale temperature pattern (AMO). This we attribute to variations in the dynamics of the Atlantic subpolar gyre rather than basin-wide climate, possibly related to NAO forcing.
Controlled zygapophysial joint blocks: the travesty of cost-effectiveness.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop equations by which the costs could be compared of various models of performing diagnostic blocks for spinal pain. DESIGN Algorithms were elaborated describing different strategies for the diagnosis of cervical or lumbar zygapophysial joint pain using placebo-controlled diagnostic blocks, comparative local anaesthetic blocks, or no control blocks, and its treatment with radiofrequency neurotomy. For each step in each algorithm cost functions were applied. Summary equations were derived that allowed the cost of the algorithms to be compared algebraically. A selection of costs were substituted for the unknown variables in the equations in order to illustrate the cost-effectiveness of different algorithms under Australian and US conditions. RESULTS The equations indicated that cost-effectiveness was critically dependent on the ratio between the cost of treatment and the cost of a diagnostic block. For cervical zygapophysial joint pain, reimbursements discourage best practice, both in Australia and in the United States, by rendering the use of controlled blocks more expensive than no controls. For lumbar zygapophysial joint pain, controlled blocks are cost-effective under Australian fee schedules, and under some but not all American schedules. In the name of cost-effectiveness, the US fee structure encourages presumptive therapy without regard to diagnosis, but ignores the ethical and logistic consequences of inordinately high failure rates of therapy when a diagnosis is not established using controlled blocks. CONCLUSIONS Best practice, using placebo-controlled diagnostic blocks before neurosurgical therapy of zygapophysial joint pain, is not encouraged and rewarded in the United States. In Australia it is compensated only in the context of lumbar zygapophysial joint pain. In the interests of short-term financial savings, the US fee structure sacrifices the majority of patients to failed treatment because of lack of proper diagnosis. Clinical absurdity, rather than evidence-based, best practice is encouraged.
Robust coordination to sustain throughput of an unstable agent network

We present a multiagent coordination technique to maintain throughput of a large-scale agent network system in the face of failures of agents. Failures do not just deteriorate throughput of the system but also create and change bottlenecks in the system. Since loss of bottleneck's capacity degrades the overall system performance, the system should identify bottlenecks dynamically and keep their utilization at a high level. In our system, CABS, information about an agent's urgency of jobs to fulfill demanded throughput and maintain its utilization is passed to upstream agents in the network. Upstream agents utilize this information to identify bottleneck agents and coordinate their actions to provide the bottlenecks with necessary and sufficient jobs for preventing their starvation and congestion. We empirically evaluate CABS using a benchmark problem of the semiconductor fabrication process, which is a good example of a large-scale network system, in comparison with a well-known traditional manufacturing control method.
Managing collaborative feedback information for distributed retrieval

Despite the many research efforts invested recently in peer-to-peer search engines, none of the proposed system has reached the level of quality and efficiency of their centralized counterpart. One of the main reasons for this inferior performance is the difficulty to attract a critical mass of users that would make the peer-to-peer system truly competitive. We argue that decentralized search mechanisms should not aim at replacing existing engines, but instead complement them by adding novel functionalities that would be difficult to provide in a centralized manner. This paper introduces an example of such a complementary search mechanism and presents the design of a distributed collaborative system for leveraging user feedback and document/user profiling information.
Mimicry of a G Protein Mutation by Pertussis Toxin Expression in Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans

ABSTRACT Pathogens produce virulence factors that interact directly with host molecules, but in many cases the host targets are unknown. The genetic and molecular identification of these orphan targets is often not feasible with mammalian experimental models. However, a substantial number of known targets are molecules and pathways that are conserved among eukaryotes, and therefore the use of nonmammalian model hosts to identify orphan targets may prove useful. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, we transformed the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans with a gene encoding the catalytic subunit of pertussis toxin (PTX), which in mammals inactivates Go/iα proteins. Expression of PTX inC. elegans produced phenotypes almost identical to those of a null mutation in the nematode gene encoding Go/iα. Furthermore, PTX suppressed the phenotype of a constitutively active form of nematode Go/iα protein. These results indicate that PTX is functional in nematodes and acts specifically on the C. elegans homologue of the mammalian target.
Medication Adherence, Comorbidities, and Health Risk Impacts on Workforce Absence and Job Performance

Objective: To understand impacts of medication adherence, comorbidities, and health risks on workforce absence and job performance. Methods: Retrospective observational study using employees' medical/pharmacy claims and self-reported health risk appraisals. Results: Statin medication adherence in individuals with Coronary Artery Disease was significant predictor (P < 0.05) of decreasing absenteeism. Insulin, oral hypoglycemic, or metformin medication adherence in type 2 diabetics was significant (P < 0.05) predictor of decreasing job performance. Number of comorbidities was found as significant (P < 0.5) predictor of absenteeism in five of nine subsamples. Significant links (P < 0.05) between high health risks and lower job performance were found across all nine subsamples. Conclusions: Results suggest integrated health and productivity management strategies should include an emphasis on primary and secondary prevention to reduce health risks in addition to tertiary prevention efforts of disease management and medication management.
The paradox of extreme high-altitude migration in bar-headed geese Anser indicus

Bar-headed geese are renowned for migratory flights at extremely high altitudes over the world's tallest mountains, the Himalayas, where partial pressure of oxygen is dramatically reduced while flight costs, in terms of rate of oxygen consumption, are greatly increased. Such a mismatch is paradoxical, and it is not clear why geese might fly higher than is absolutely necessary. In addition, direct empirical measurements of high-altitude flight are lacking. We test whether migrating bar-headed geese actually minimize flight altitude and make use of favourable winds to reduce flight costs. By tracking 91 geese, we show that these birds typically travel through the valleys of the Himalayas and not over the summits. We report maximum flight altitudes of 7290 m and 6540 m for southbound and northbound geese, respectively, but with 95 per cent of locations received from less than 5489 m. Geese travelled along a route that was 112 km longer than the great circle (shortest distance) route, with transit ground speeds suggesting that they rarely profited from tailwinds. Bar-headed geese from these eastern populations generally travel only as high as the terrain beneath them dictates and rarely in profitable winds. Nevertheless, their migration represents an enormous challenge in conditions where humans and other mammals are only able to operate at levels well below their sea-level maxima.
Discrete state reconstruction for mechanical switched systems using high-order sliding-mode identification techniques

In this paper the continuous state estimation and discrete state identification is studied using high-order sliding-mode techniques. The high-order sliding mode observer is applied for continuous state observation in a class of mechanical systems. The state information is used in a recursive finite-time parameter estimation method. The discrete state is identified using the parameter information. Simulations illustrates the workability of the proposed method.
Two-way plant mediated interactions between root-associated microbes and insects: from ecology to mechanisms

Plants are members of complex communities and function as a link between above- and below-ground organisms. Associations between plants and soil-borne microbes commonly occur and have often been found beneficial for plant fitness. Root-associated microbes may trigger physiological changes in the host plant that influence interactions between plants and aboveground insects at several trophic levels. Aboveground, plants are under continuous attack by insect herbivores and mount multiple responses that also have systemic effects on belowground microbes. Until recently, both ecological and mechanistic studies have mostly focused on exploring these below- and above-ground interactions using simplified systems involving both single microbe and herbivore species, which is far from the naturally occurring interactions. Increasing the complexity of the systems studied is required to increase our understanding of microbe–plant–insect interactions and to gain more benefit from the use of non-pathogenic microbes in agriculture. In this review, we explore how colonization by either single non-pathogenic microbe species or a community of such microbes belowground affects plant growth and defense and how this affects the interactions of plants with aboveground insects at different trophic levels. Moreover, we review how plant responses to foliar herbivory by insects belonging to different feeding guilds affect interactions of plants with non-pathogenic soil-borne microbes. The role of phytohormones in coordinating plant growth, plant defenses against foliar herbivores while simultaneously establishing associations with non-pathogenic soil microbes is discussed.
Institute for Mathematical Physics Analytic Structure of Solutions to Multiconfiguration Equations Analytic Structure of Solutions to Multiconfiguration Equations

We study the regularity at the positions of the (fixed) nuclei of solutions to (non-relativistic) multiconfiguration equations (including Hartree–Fock) of Coulomb systems. We prove the following: Let {ϕ 1 ,. , ϕ M } be any solution to the rank–M multiconfiguration equations for a molecule with L fixed nuclei at ϕ j (x) = ϕ (1) j,k (x) + |x − R k |ϕ (2) j,k (x) , x ∈ U j,k. A similar result holds for the corresponding electron density. The proof uses the Kustaanheimo–Stiefel transformation, as applied in [9] to the study of the eigenfunctions of the Schrödinger operator of atoms and molecules near two-particle coalescence points.
In-Vivo Expression Profiling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections Reveals Niche-Specific and Strain-Independent Transcriptional Programs

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a threatening, opportunistic pathogen causing disease in immunocompromised individuals. The hallmark of P. aeruginosa virulence is its multi-factorial and combinatorial nature. It renders such bacteria infectious for many organisms and it is often resistant to antibiotics. To gain insights into the physiology of P. aeruginosa during infection, we assessed the transcriptional programs of three different P. aeruginosa strains directly after isolation from burn wounds of humans. We compared the programs to those of the same strains using two infection models: a plant model, which consisted of the infection of the midrib of lettuce leaves, and a murine tumor model, which was obtained by infection of mice with an induced tumor in the abdomen. All control conditions of P. aeruginosa cells growing in suspension and as a biofilm were added to the analysis. We found that these different P. aeruginosa strains express a pool of distinct genetic traits that are activated under particular infection conditions regardless of their genetic variability. The knowledge herein generated will advance our understanding of P. aeruginosa virulence and provide valuable cues for the definition of prospective targets to develop novel intervention strategies.
Surface manipulation using a paper sculpture metaphor

The creation of 3D computer models is essential for many applications in science, engineering and arts and is frequently performed by untrained users. However, creating an intuitive mapping between 2D input and 3D models is a non-trivial task and is reflected in the difficulty novices have in using current 3D modelling software. Using metaphors of paper sculpture and pen sketching, our gesture based modelling tool simplifies this interaction mapping. More intuitive object manipulation means that an otherwise complex model can be rapidly created by an inexperienced, non-artistic user. To demonstrate this, we have chosen to model orchid flowers as they offer considerable challenges to the artist due to their complexity of shape and detail, especially the petal surfaces which vary a great deal in curvature.
ANÁLISE TRIDIMENSIONAL DE POROSIDADE EM ROCHA ASSOCIADA À DOLOMITIZAÇÃO MULTIFÁSICA

The three-dimensional visualization and the simultaneous quantification of the pore volume and the distinct phases of dolomitization in carbonate rocks through X-ray microtomography and petrography provide important information for reservoir rocks. Rock samples were collected from marbles and dolomite breccias in the Agua Clara Formation, in the southern Ribeira Belt, Parana, Brazil. The marbles have lower total porosity (0.2 to 0.5%) than the dolomite breccias, which show values from 2 to 9%. Four main phases of dolomitization affected the studied marbles and breccias. These phases are characterized by distinct textural types of dolomite. Phase 1 consists of fragments of marble that contains dolomite with a fine-grained texture. Phase 2 corresponds to micritic cement with Fe-rich microcrystalline dolomite, calcite, muscovite and quartz, and it involves fragments of phase 1. Phase 3 is represented by saddle dolomite with medium- to coarse-grained textures and goethite on the cleavage surface. This phase occurs mainly in veins and cavities, and is sometimes associated with late calcite crystallization (phase 4). The highest porosity occurs associated with the saddle dolomite. The preservation of empty spaces during dolomite precipitation is the most likely hypothesis for the porosity formation in these rocks.
Evidence for asymmetrical hybridization despite pre- and post-pollination reproductive barriers between two Silene species

Co-flowering species may undergo interspecific hybridization if they are closely related and share pollinators. However, a series of reproductive barriers between species can prevent interspecific gene flow, making natural hybridization a transient, rare event. Both morphological and molecular data indicated putative natural hybrids between two Silene species from southwest China, with pollen from S. yunnanensis fertilizing ovules of S. asclepiadae. Zhang et al. found that pollen production and viability were significantly lower in putative hybrids than the parental species. The low fecundity of the hybrids and other reproductive barriers between the two species could contribute to species fidelity.
Interval type-2 fuzzy k-nearest neighbors for line-shaped echo identification

A weather radar is an essential device which covers a wide range of observation area with remarkable performance. However, the observation results of the weather radar contain a various kinds of non-meteorological phenomena. One of the reasons disturbing weather forecasting process is interference patterns, such as RF interference echo and sun strobe echo due to delicate specification of radar receiver and interferences by wireless devices or solar energy, so called line-shaped echo in this paper. The line-shaped echo gives cause for decreasing performance and accuracy of weather forecasting result. Therefore, we suggest an interval type-2 fuzzy k-nearest neighbors to deal with underlying uncertainties in feature space of the line-shaped echo and obtain better classification results. For evaluating the proposed method, it is applied actual line-shaped echo cases. And the result proves that the method can distinguish the line-shaped echo from actual radar data successfully.
Finding reusable software components in large systems

The extraction of reusable software components from existing systems is an attractive idea. The goal of the paper is not to extract a component automatically, but to identify its tightly coupled region (subsystem) for extraction by hand or knowledge-based system. Much of the author's experience is anecdotal. His experience with scientific systems differs from much of the work in reverse engineering that focuses on COBOL systems. Module and data interconnection was collected from three large scientific systems over a 12 year period from 1980 to 1992. The interconnection data was analyzed in an attempt to identify subsystems that correspond to domain-specific components. The difficulties of dealing with large scientific systems and their organizations are discussed. The failures and successes of various subsystem analysis methods is discussed. A simple algorithm for the identification of subsystems is presented. A pattern of object hierarchies of subsystems is briefly mentioned. The average subsystem is surprisingly large at 17000 source lines and 35 modules. The concept of a subsystem is informally validated by developers from subsystem interconnection diagrams. The actual reusability of these identified components is not assessed.