Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Optics at Low Light Levels

The recent observation by Hau and colleagues [1] of ultraslow light propagation (17 mys) motivates the study of nonlinear optical processes under conditions where slow group velocity is a dominant feature of the problem. The basic idea is to combine electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) [2–4] and cold atom technology to create a sharp resonance with a transmission linewidth (Fig. 1) which is much less than the natural linewidth of the atoms. A pulse of light propagating in this medium has a phase velocity of c and a group velocity which can be less than 1027c. The light pulse also experiences exceedingly large nonlinearities with a magnitude limited only by the pulse width of the incident light and, ultimately, by the dephasing time of the coherence of the transition which is used to create the transparency. In this Letter we consider the consequences of nonlinear optics using subnatural linewidths and ultraslow group velocities. A dominant feature of the problem is the spatial compression experienced by a pulse of light in the EIT medium. For example, in the experiments of Hau et al. [1], a 2.5 ms pulse, which is about 750 m long in free space, compresses into a spatial pulse length of 42 mm in the cold Na vapor. As the pulse propagates, one may use four-frequency nonlinearities to sum or difference with it [5,6] or to modify its refractive index [7] and attenuation constant [8]. The behavior and efficiency of these processes depend on the relative velocities and directions of the propagating pulses. Some striking effects should be possible. For example, by using two-photon absorption at right angles, one may take a picture of the slowly moving spatially compressed pulse and thus, in effect, display information which is accumulated over a longer period of time. Of most interest, these processes occur at energies corresponding to a few photons per atomic cross section or, equivalently, at nJ cm22. There is now considerable literature on nonlinear optics with EIT. The essence of all of these effects is a destructive interference in absorption in combination with a constructive interference in the nonlinear susceptibility. In addition to those cited above, other examples include experiments and theory describing EIT-based phase con-
HPTLC- Densitometric method for assay of chlorthalidone, metoprolol succinate and telmisartan in combined pharmaceutical formulation

: The present study shows the compilation of the results obtained for a very simple, fast and precise high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) - densitometric determination of chlorthalidone (CHL), metoprolol succinate ( MET) and telmisartan ( TEL) in bulk drugs as well as the commercially available formulation. The chromatographic separation of samples was performed on Silica Gel 60 F254 aluminum sheets using Toluene: Methanol: Ethyl acetate: Tri-ethylamine as the mobile phase in the volume ratio 4:0.8:1: 1.2. The densitometric scanning was performed at 225 nm wavelength using CAMAG TLC Scanner- IV. The mentioned chromatographic system showed the compact band and symmetrical peaks of CHL, MET and TEL with 0.40 (±0.2), 0.69 (±0.2) and 0.27 (±0.2) retardation factor (Rf) respectively. The reported method is linear in the concentration range of 500-2000 ng/band, 1000-4000 ng/band and 1600-6400 ng/band while the recovery was found in the range of 98.94-99.62%, 98.26-98.41% and 99.86-100.28% for CHL, MET and TEL respectively. The method assayed the marketed formulation with 99.89 (±0.91) for CHL, 98.92 (±1.07) for MET and 100.12 (±0.65) for TEL concerning the label claim. All the results suggested the agreement of the developed method to the ICH Q2(R1) guidelines and its applicability for day-to-day analysis of these drugs in combined pharmaceutical formulations.
A New Method of Flame Image Segmentation

Separating flame image from background is a precondition and necessary link for identification for recognition algorithm. In current application, the Otsu method is a simple, effective and threshold value selection method suitable for real time processing, but the limitation of this method is it depends too much on the image pattern of “double peak histogram”. To overcome the weakness and shortcoming of Otsu method, this paper puts forward a new method based on grayscale integral projection, for flame image segmentation and positioning. Experiments have proved that this method not only can separate a flame image from background correctly, but also can position the center of a flame image quickly so as to provide the important criterion for dynamic recognition of flame image.
Progenitors with enhanced rotation and the origin of magnetars

Among the dozen known magnetar candidates, there are no binary objects. Given that the fraction of binary neutron stars is estimated to be about 3-10 per cent, it is reasonable to address the question of solitarity of magnetars, to estimate theoretically the fraction of binary objects among them, and to identify the most probable companions. We present population synthesis calculations of massive binary systems. In this study, we adopt the hypothesis that magnetic field of a magnetar is generated at the protoneutron star stage due to a dynamo mechanism, so rapid rotation of the core of a progenitor star is essential. Our goal is to estimate the number of neutron stars originated from progenitors with enhanced rotation. In our calculations, the fraction of neutron stars originating from such progenitors is about 8-9 per cent. This should be considered as an upper limit to the fraction of magnetars, as some of the progenitors can lose momentum. Most of these objects are isolated due to coalescences of components prior to neutron star formation, or due to system disruption after the second supernova explosion. The fraction of such neutron stars in surviving binaries is about 1 per cent or lower. Their most numerous companions are black holes.
GGE bi-plot analysis for grain yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under normal and heat stress conditions

Efficiency of genetic gain received through selection is seriously affected by genotype Ã— environment (GÃ—E) interaction, as GÃ—E directly affects the stability and performance of genotype under multi environment. In the current study a total of 34 chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes were evaluated at two locations (Kanpur and Bhopal) in two seasons (timely sown and late sown conditions) during 2016-17 to gain insights into the G Ã— E effect and the stability of genotypes grown across the sites. Plot yield data recorded from the genotypes were analyzed by using GGE bi-plot method. The combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed highly significant effects of environment on plot yield attribute among the genotypes, evaluated over the two seasons across the two locations. However, the most stable genotype across the two locations remained g 23 (JAKI 9218). Among the tested environments Bhopal timely sown (BL-T) and Bhopal late sown (BL-L) were the most representative, whereas Kanpur timely sown (KAN-T) was the least representative. Moreover, g 01 (HC 1) was the best cultivar under KAN-T and KAN-L environments whereas, g 23 (JAKI 9218) was the best cultivar under BL-T and BL-L environments.
Advocacy journalism and climate justice in a Global Southern country

ABSTRACT Being among the world’s most affected countries by climate change, Pakistan is facing a variety of cases of climate injustice committed by internal and external drivers. Waisbord’s referred “Advocate-journalist” model carries a good potential to advocate these injustices to stimulate democratic dialogue among the audience that eventually pushes leadership to make eco-friendly policies. This study critically analyses advocacy journalism coverage of cases of local and regional climate injustice in the editorial contents of mainstream Pakistani newspapers by using the quantitative content analysis method. Results reveal that selected newspapers gave inappropriate coverage to climate injustice issues both in quantity and quality. Besides muddled local and regional climate injustice issues’ priorities, editorialists also excessively recommended dirty energy solutions to the policymakers. The final analysis suggests that the findings of climate and energy-related scientific studies were not being reflected in the advocacy journalism contents as well. This failure of “advocate-journalist” model to perform its normative role of potentially advocating the cases of climate injustice with compelling scientific evidence seems to attribute to the political economy of the press or editorial inattention. As a way out of this journalistic lack, Waisbord’s endorsed “civic advocacy” groups must intervene to plug the loopholes.
Shape recognition of irregular objects

A new approach to object recognition is proposed. The main concern is on irregular objects which are hard to recognize even for a human. The recognition is based on the contour of an object. The contour is obtained with morphological operators and described with a Freeman chain code. The chain code histogram (CCH) is calculated from the chain code of the contour of an object. For an eight-connected chain code an eight dimensional histogram, which shows the probability of each direction, is obtained. The CCH is a translation and scale invariant shape measure. The CCH gibes only an approximation of the object's shape so that similar objects can be grouped together. The discriminatory power of the CCH is demonstrated on machine-printed text and on true irregular objects. In both cases it is noted that similar objects are grouped together. The results of experiments are good. It has been shown that similar objects are grouped together with the proposed method. However, the sensitivity to small rotations limits the generality of the method.
Medical feature based qualitative evaluation of denoising techniques for ultrasound liver images

This paper presents a qualitative evaluation of three fundamentally different filtering algorithms for the improvement of low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), inherent in ultrasound liver images. The implemented and assessed algorithms include Adaptive Weighted Median Filter (AWMF), Aggressive Region Growing Filter (ARGF) and the Wavelet Domain Filter. The evaluation has been performed to help the radiologists to analyse the diffused liver disease images in a better way, and to differentiate a simple liver cyst from the complicated ones. The evaluation parameters for assessing the quality of the denoised images have been selected in consultation with a group of radiologists. The processed images were then assessed, on the basis of these selected parameters by another group of radiologists. A multi-point rank order method has been used to identify small differences or trends in observation. In the present observations, ARGF performed better than the other implemented filters.
Large Landing Trajectory Dataset for Go-Around Analysis

: The analysis and prediction of go-arounds, also referred to as missed approaches, is an active ﬁeld of research due to the go-around’s impact on safety and the disruption of the trafﬁc ﬂow at airports. The advent of open-source aircraft trajectories available to researchers has increased the level of interest in the ﬁeld. This paper introduces a publicly available dataset containing metadata of almost 9 million landings and 33,000 go-arounds. The dataset is based on observations from the OpenSky Network and includes data from 176 airports in 44 countries observed in the year 2019. After downloading the data, a go-around classiﬁcation was performed and the quality was assessed. The usefulness of the dataset is illustrated with two novel example applications. The ﬁrst example shows how the go-around rate for a runway can be modeled by using a quasi-binomial generalized linear model, while the second example compares the go-around rates for a number of airport–airline pairs. The introduced dataset is signiﬁcantly larger than the data used so far in the analysis of go-arounds and provides the opportunity to develop novel use cases. This dataset frees researchers from having to collect and process large amounts of data and instead lets them focus on the analysis. The authors are convinced that this large dataset will stoke the creativity of the research community and facilitate interesting and novel applications.
Aerobic Capacity in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease: More than VO2peak, a Follow-Up Study

To control the development of people with congenital heart disease (CHD), it is important to follow their aerobic capacity (AC), especially when they exercise. This research aimed to study the progress of AC during a follow-up of adults with CHD. This is a longitudinal study which involved 127 adults with a mean age of 33.8 (11.1) years (57.5% female; 75 moderate CHD and 52 complex CHD) who had undergone two cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CEPT) in at least one year between the first and the second test. The AC and exercise performance (EP) (duration of exercise time, velocity and percentage of grade) were assessed using a ramp protocol over a treadmill. In a mean of 4.5 (2.0) years of follow-up, there was a significant decrease in AC. The VO2peak at baseline was 27.8 (27.7) mL/kg/min (82.9% (20.3%) predicted) versus 26.6 (7.8) mL/kg/min (79.3% (20.8%) predicted) at the end of follow-up. This decline was independent of the body weight increase. There was no significant difference in HRpeak and EP among periods. These results suggest a sign of favorable evolution of adults with CHD. More research is needed to study different factors that could contribute to AC reduction.
Diurnal variation of California coastal stratocumulus from two days of boundary layer soundings

Boundary layer soundings show the diurnal variation of California coastal stratocumulus. During the period of solar heating, cloud base rises and the cloud layer thins, while the subcloud layer becomes more stable, suggesting some daytime uncoupling of the cloud layer from the surface. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1990. t01-1-00007.x
Inhibition of cholesterol transport impairs Cav‐1 trafficking and small extracellular vesicles secretion, promoting amphisome formation in melanoma cells

Caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) is a fundamental constituent of caveolae, whose functionality and structure are strictly dependent on cholesterol. In this work the U18666A inhibitor was used to study the role of cholesterol transport in the endosomal degradative‐secretory system in a metastatic human melanoma cell line (WM266‐4). We found that U18666A induces a shift of Cav‐1 from the plasma membrane to the endolysosomal compartment, which is involved, through Multi Vesicular Bodies (MVBs), in the formation and release of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Moreover, this inhibitor induces an increase in the production of sEVs with chemical–physical characteristics similar to control sEVs but with a different protein composition (lower expression of Cav‐1 and increase of LC3II) and reduced transfer capacity on target cells. Furthermore, we determined that U18666A affects mitochondrial function and also cancer cell aggressive features, such as migration and invasion. Taken together, these results indicate that the blockage of cholesterol transport, determining the internalization of Cav‐1, may modify sEVs secretory pathways through an increased fusion between autophagosomes and MVBs to form amphisome, which in turn fuses with the plasma membrane releasing a heterogeneous population of sEVs to maintain homeostasis and ensure correct cellular functionality.
H-mode threshold power in TCV Ohmic plasmas

L-mode to H-mode (LH) transitions are observed in a large variety of plasma conditions in TCV Ohmic plasmas. The power flowing through the separatrix at the LH transition differs by up to a factor of two from the predicted H-mode threshold power. Variations in this deviation are due to the large operational domain covered by the transitions as well as from the different scenarios identified to access the H-mode regime. LH transitions obtained during the plasma current ramp at low plasma current, elongation and triangularity have a threshold power below the standard expression while transitions at high current and triangularity or during the stationary phase of the discharge have a threshold power above the standard expression.
Gut Microbiota in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Complex Interplay

The intestinal microbiota represents the microbial community that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract and constitutes the most complex ecosystem present in nature. The main intestinal microbial phyla are Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Verrucromicrobia, with a clear predominance of the two phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes which account for about 90% of the intestinal phyla. Intestinal microbiota alteration, or dysbiosis, has been proven to be involved in the development of various syndromes, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis. The present review underlines the most recurrent changes in the intestinal microbiota of patients with NAFLD, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis.
Effects of bubbly layers on wave propagation

The transmission and reflection of an acoustic wave through a bubbly layer are investigated. Nonlinear model equations for the bubbly liquid are used. These equations first linearized and solved exactly for a time‐harmonic incident wave. Then, numerical solutions of the nonlinear system are found. It is found that even for a small amplitude incident pressure wave, it is possible to have nonlinear transmitted and reflected waves. The limit where the bubbly layer is thin relative to the incident wavelength is also considered. By using the method of matched asymptotic expansions, it is found that the bubbly layer can be replaced by an interface subject to the continuity of pressure and an effective nonlinear jump condition. The latter involves the internal effects of the layer. Solutions of this limiting case are compared with the numerical results and good agreement is found even when the ratio of the bubbly layer thickness to the incident wavelength is of order 1.
Branding Sekolah Islam Modern: Sekolah Islam Terpadu, Madrasah/Sekolah Alam, dan Tahfiz Al-Qur’an

Indicators of state progress can be measured based on the level of progress in the field of education. At present there is an inequality of quality in the world of Indonesian education, one of which is in Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs). From the data the researchers obtained, the number of private MTs dominated compared to public MTs, but their existence was not. However, in West Lombok there are several private MTs that have a good image and therefore have a good existence, including the Integrated Islamic School (SIT), natural madrasah, and tahfizul Qur'an. This study aims to determine branding carried out in Modern Islamic Schools, and what are the issues related to the implementation of branding in modern Islamic schools. The research method used is library research. The results of this study are, 1) Institutions make school characteristics. Then it was found that SDIT collaborated between science and tahfiz al-Qur'an and used public relations management. Madrasah Alam develops project-based learning with an independent learning pattern. And Tahfizul Qur'an, which makes a superior program by memorizing the Al-Qur'an, 2). Issues related to the branding of modern Islamic schools, namely students are positioned in a market orientation so that education is no longer based on knowledge and the talent needs of students, and there is a financing gap in the world of Islamic Education. Keywords: Branding, Modern Islamic School, Integrated Islamic School, Madrasah Alam, Tahfizul Qur'an Abstrak: Indikator kemajuan negara dapat diukur berdasarkan tingkat kemajuannya dalam bidang pendidikan. Saat ini terjadi ketidakmerataan kualitas dalam dunia Pendidikan Indonesia, salah satunya ada pada madrasah tsanawiyah (MTs). Dari data yang peneliti dapatkan, jumlah MTs swasta mendominasi dibandingkan dengan MTs Negeri, namun tidak dengan eksistensinya. Akan tetapi, di Lombok Barat ada beberapa MTs swasta yang memiliki image yang bagus sehingga memiliki eksistensi yang baik, diantaranya yaitu Sekolah Islam Terpadu (SIT), madrasah alam, dan tahfizul Qur’an. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui branding yang dilakukan di Sekolah Islam Modern, dan Apa isu terkait dengan pelaksanaan branding di sekolah Islam modern. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi Pustaka. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah, 1) Lembaga membuat ciri khas sekolah. Kemudian ditemukan bahwa SDIT mengolaborasikan antara sains dengan tahfiz al-qur’an dan menggunakan manajemen public relationship. Madrasah Alam mengembangkan pembelajaran berbasiskan proyek dengan pola merdeka belajar. Dan Tahfizul Qur’an, yang membuat program unggulan dengan menghafalkan Al-Qur’an, 2). Isu-isu terkait branding sekolah Islam modern yaitu peserta didik diposisikan pada orientasi pasar sehingga pendidikan bukan lagi berbasis keilmuan dan kebutuhan bakat peserta didik, dan adanya kesenjangan pembiayaan dalam dunia Pendidikan Islam.
Shack-Hartmann wavefront reconstruction speed up with embedded GPU

Shack-Hartmann sensor is widely used in adaptive optics systems, and laser beam quality measurements. The traditional method separates measures and calculations, and the wavefront reconstruction algorithm is slow to implement on the host computer. In this paper, the embedded GPU is introduced to Shack-Hartmann sensors' wavefront phase reconstruction. A parallel calculation method is proposed to speed up the wavefront phase reconstruction process. The experiment result shows the algorithm speed improves 50× with the image size of 2592×2048 pixels.
Mode analysis using the correlation filter method

We introduce the correlation filter method for measuring the modal power spectrum of multi-mode beams. The method is based on an optical filter performing the integral relation of correlation. This filter is realized as a computer-generated hologram with a specifically designed transmission function based on the spatial distribution of the set of modes under test. The beam that is illuminating the hologram is generating a diffraction pattern containing information about modal amplitudes and intermodal phase differences. We will show that a simple single-shot intensity measurement is sufficient to gain the information about modal amplitudes and phases from the diffraction pattern which result in the ability to reconstruct the optical field under test. Beside a detailed presentation of the measurement process, the setup and the design of the correlation filters, the major advantage of the method, the ability to perform real-time measurements is introduced. As a test system, we investigate the guided modes of a few mode multi-mode fiber and show fast changing modal coupling processes. Thereby, we show measurement results of online-monitoring the reconstructed optical field of the beam under test.
Longitudinal cascaded few mode erbium-doped fibers using PSO method with ultra-low differential modal gain

In this paper, we propose a longitudinal cascaded few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier (FM-EDFA) by particle swarm optimization (PSO). Triple-cascaded few-mode erbium-doped fibers (FM-EDFs) are applied longitudinally, which have the same refractive index distributions and different erbium-ion doping profiles. Each fiber is uniformly doped in different regions. The input power of the pump and signal are settled. The length and order of three pieces of FM-EDFs are optimized by PSO, which helps to minimize the differential modal gain (DMG) and maximize the modal gain at the output port. An ultra-low DMG of 0.007 dB and minimum modal gain (MMG) of about 24.890 dB are obtained at the wavelength of 1550 nm.