Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Everyone's Solution? Defining and Redefining Protected Areas at the Convention on Biological Diversity

For decades, conservationists have remained steadfastly committed to protected areas (PAs) as the best means to conserve biodiversity. Using Collaborative Event Ethnography of the 10 th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD/CoP), we examine how the PA concept remains hegemonic in conservation policy. We argue that, as a broadening base of actors frame their political objectives through PAs in order to further their agendas, they come together in a discourse coalition. In this coalition, actors do not necessarily have common interests or understandings; rather, it is through dynamic struggles over the meaning of the PA concept and the continual process of reshaping it that actors reproduce its hegemony. In this process, the CBD/CoP disciplines and aligns disparate actors who might otherwise associate with distinct discourse coalitions. As the concept accommodates a wider range of values, PAs are increasingly being asked to do more than conserve biodiversity. They must also sequester carbon, protect ecosystem services, and even promote human rights. These transformations reflect not only changes in how PAs are defined and framed, but also in the realignment of relationships of authority and power in conservation governance in ways that may marginalise traditional conservation actors.
Psychosexual Pursuit: Enhancing Learning of Theoretical Psychoanalytic Constructs

In order to facilitate the learning of theoretical principles associated with the psychoanalytic perspective on personality, I devised a board game called Psychosexual Pursuit. The game is especially useful in classrooms with student teams competing against each other to complete their psychosexual development while retaining considerable psychic energy to invest in adult concerns. Rules governing play and special advantages of this learning experience are discussed, and the game board is reproduced.
Goal setting and goal pursuit in the regulation of body weight

Abstract This article reports the results of a field investigation of the self-regulation of body weight goals. In part 1, a longitudinal study is presented of the following processes: predecisional phase → goal intention → preaction-al phase/action initiation → actional phase → action outcome. By use of structural equation models, goal intentions were shown to be a direct function of desires and indirect functions of goal efficacy, subjective norms, and attitudes toward success, failure, and the process of goal pursuit. Goal intentions, in turn, influenced activities of trying to reach one's goal and the initiation of various instrumental acts (i.e., instances of dieting and exercising). The latter behaviour then determined the degree of goal attainment. One hundred and seventeen students participated in this month long study. In part 2, 197 students took part in a study of the bases for goal setting. The cognitive schemas of respondents were elicited and found to consist of 12 superordinate pals arrange.
Innovative behaviour and job involvement at the price of conflict and less satisfactory relations with co-workers

Although innovative behaviour is widely claimed to contribute to long term organizational effectiveness, the price that an individual worker may have to pay for taking an innovative approach has generally not been examined. The present study hypothesizes that a worker's innovative behaviour interacts with his or her job involvement in producing conflict and less satisfactory relations with resisting co-workers who want to prevent innovative change. Moreover, conflict with co-workers is hypothesized to mediate the interactive effect of innovative behaviour and job involvement on satisfaction with co-worker relations. These hypotheses were supported in a survey study among 76 secondary school teachers based on supervisor ratings of the teachers' innovative behaviour and teachers' self-report data of job involvement, conflict with co-workers and satisfaction with co-worker relations.
The Relationship Between Academic Performance and Elementary Student and Teacher Attitudes Towards Departmentalizing

In response to the continued pressure placed on American public schools to increase academic achievement, some schools have begun to reorganize instructional environments in an effort to improve student outcomes. The current study examined one such elementary school that implemented a departmentalized model of instruction in fourth and fifth-grade classrooms in an effort to improve student learning. This longitudinal, cross-sectional study followed a sample of students and teachers over a two-year period in an attempt to ascertain how departmentalizing in the elementary school affected student and teacher perceptions and academic achievement among students in third, fourth, fifth, and sixth-grade. Student perceptions of their school, teachers, peers, and academic performance were measured using surveys and standardized achievement test scores were collected. Teacher attitudes toward departmentalization were also measured using surveys. A factor analysis of student survey results with Varimax rotation resulted in ten factors that revealed a consistent pattern of change in student perceptions when correlated. A consistent relationship between students' academic achievement and perceptions at each grade level was not found. Results suggested that students who began switching classes in elementary school had positive perceptions of their teachers and of themselves as social beings in school. Perceptions of their academic abilities, however, separated from their perceptions of their teachers over time. In contrast, students with one teacher in self-contained classrooms had positive perceptions of their teachers. These students' perceptions of their academic abilities and perceptions of themselves as social beings in school were connected to their perceived teacher-student relationships. Elementary teachers expressed concern over meeting their students' emotional needs, but otherwise reported positive attitudes toward their abilities to teach and meet their students' academic needs in a departmentalized setting. Teachers at the elementary school and the middle school felt that students who switched classes in elementary school were more prepared when they got to middle school and adjusted more quickly than students who came from self-contained elementary classrooms.
The Influence of Knowledge Management System (KMS) on Enhancing Decision Making Process (DMP)

Recently, Knowledge Management System acquires high attention in all sectors, since it is a valuable instrument in improving performance. In this study, an explanatory research on evaluating knowledge management systems will be conducted for the Central Bank of Bahrain (CBB) based on a survey of decision makers working in the Central Bank of Bahrain (CBB). It is our intention to evaluate the impact of implementing the knowledge management system on decision making by evaluating the impact of the knowledge key factors which are the information technology infrastructure, human resource, knowledge sharing and the culture of the organization. The study investigates the relationship between knowledge management and decision making. It reveals that the knowledge management factors are crucial indicators which need to be effectively implemented to make success decisions.
Sparse kernel dictionary learning

Dictionary Learning (DL) has seen widespread use in signal processing and machine learning. Given a data set, DL seeks to find a so-called ‘dictionary’ such that the data can be well represented by a sparse linear combination of dictionary elements. The representational power of DL may be extended by the use of kernel mappings, which implicitly map the data to some high dimensional feature space. In Kernel DL we wish to learn a dictionary in this underlying high-dimensional feature space, which can often model the data more accurately than learning in the original space. Kernel DL is more challenging than the linear case however since we no longer have access to the dictionary atoms directly – only their relationship to the data via the kernel matrix. One strategy is therefore to represent the dictionary as a linear combination of the input data whose coefficients can be learned during training [1], relying on the fact that any optimal dictionary lies in the span of the data. A difficulty in Kernel DL is that given a data set of size N, the full (N ×N) kernel matrix needs to be manipulated at each iteration and dealing with such a large dense matrix can be extremely slow for big datasets. Here, we impose an additional constraint of sparsity on the coefficients so that the learned dictionary is given by a sparse linear combination of the input data. This greatly speeds up learning, and furthermore the speed-up is greater for larger datasets and can be tuned via a dictionary-sparsity parameter. The proposed approach thus combines Kernel DL with the ‘double sparse’ DL model [2] in which the learned dictionary is given by a sparse reconstruction over some base dictionary (in this case, the data itself). We investigate the use of sparse Kernel DL as a feature learning step for a music transcription task and compare it to another Kernel DL approach based on the K-SVD algorithm [1] (which doesnt lead to sparse dictionaries in general), in terms of computation-time and performance. Initial experiments show that Sparse Kernel DL is significantly faster than the non-sparse Kernel DL approach (6× to 8× speed-up depending on the size of the training data and the sparsity level) while leading to similar performance.
Exploring mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition for treatment of mantle cell lymphoma and other hematologic malignancies

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway regulates translation of key proteins that contribute to the pathogenesis of advanced hematologic malignancies. Inhibitors of mTOR (temsirolimus, everolimus, and deforolimus) constitute a new class of antitumor agents, with potential for treatment of relapsed and/or refractory hematologic malignancies. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) was the first hematologic malignancy in which mTOR inhibition was explored as a treatment strategy, owing to its characteristic overexpression of cyclin D1, a G1 cyclin regulated by mTOR signaling. Temsirolimus and everolimus exhibited antitumor activity against relapsed, refractory disease in phase II studies. In a randomized phase III trial, once-weekly intravenous temsirolimus 175 mg for 3 weeks followed by 75 mg once weekly was recently shown to improve progression-free survival (p = 0.0009) and objective response rate (p = 0.0019) versus investigator's choice of therapy in relapsed or refractory MCL. Evidence of antitumor activity seen in early clinical trials for other non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes, multiple myeloma, and myeloid leukemias supports further studies of mTOR inhibitors, alone or in combination strategies, in these diseases. Overall, the clinical findings to date strengthen mTOR inhibition as a novel and promising strategy for the treatment of certain hematologic malignancies, particularly for MCL.
Young adults and household formation in the 1990s

This paper provides an overview of recent research and theorising relating to contemporary patterns of household formation amongst British youth. The first part provides a necessarily brief summary of current trends, focusing on both the initial process of leaving home and on the different outcomes of that process. The second part considers the theoretical models which underpin research on household formation, highlighting first the defining characteristics of dominant models of constraint, before moving on to examine the potential relevance of recent sociological theorising on the changing nature of social relationships in the context of late modernity. The paper concludes that whilst economic factors have undoubtedly acted as powerful catalysts for recent demographic trends, serious consideration should also be given to the importance of changing attitudes towards traditional forms of household and family living prevalent amongst contemporary youth.
Early Specialization in Youth Sport: A Requirement for Adult Expertise?.

The role of early specialization in the development of sport expertise is a point of contention among researchers. While there is consistent evidence linking quantity of training with level of proficiency attained, a focus on specialized training during early stages of development has been linked with several negative consequences. Diversified involvement in a number of sports during early stages of development has been presented as a possible alternative to early specialization. Considering the consequences of advocating the early specialization approach and research suggesting the effectiveness of early diversification, coaches and sport scientists should consider the early diversification approach as an alternative. Further research is required to expand our understanding of the relative contributions of diversified versus specialized training. The acquisition of expertise in sport is the result of complex interactions among biological, psychological, and sociological constraints (Singer & Janelle, 1999). Successful negotiation of these constraints can lead to the highest levels of perform
Optical imaging: three-dimensional approximation and perturbation approaches for time-domain data.

The reconstruction method presented here is based on diffusion approximation for light propagation in turbid media and on a minimization strategy for the output-least-squares problem. A perturbation approach is introduced for the optical properties. Here we can strongly reduce the number of free variables of the inverse problem by exploiting a priori information such as the search for single inhomogeneities within a relatively homogeneous object, a typical situation for breast cancer detection. We achieve higher accuracy and a considerable reduction in computational effort by solving a parabolic differential equation for a perturbation density, i.e., the difference between the photon density in an inhomogeneous object and the density in the homogeneous case being given by an analytic expression. The calculations are performed by a two-dimensional finite-element-method algorithm. However, as a time-dependent correction factor is applied, the three-dimensional situation is well approximated. The method was successfully tested by use of the University of Pennsylvania standard data set. Data noise was generated and taken into account in a modified data set. The influence of different noise on the reconstruction results is discussed.
Participeren in onzekerheid - Literatuuronderzoek naar het inzetten van participatie in wetenschappelijke beleidsadvisering

Abstract Nederlands Bij complexe beleidsproblemen, zoals milieu-, natuur- en duurzaamheidsvraagstukken, zijn politici, beleidsmakers, stakeholders, burgers en wetenschappers het er vaak niet over eens wat nu eigenlijk het probleem is. Ook als er wel een gedeelde probleemdefinitie is, kan er discussie blijven over de oplosssingen. Afhankelijk van hoe naar de verhouding tussen wetenschap en beleid wordt gekeken, kan gekozen worden voor het op een bepaalde wijze betrekken van stakeholders in de totstandkoming van wetenschappelijke beleidsadviezen. Uitgangspunt is dat het voor de besluitvorming wenselijk kan zijn dat grensorganisaties tussen wetenschap en beleid, zoals het Milieu- en Natuurplanbureau (MNP) van het RIVM, in hun advisering rekening houden met de pluraliteit in waardeorikntaties en wetenschappelijke inzichten. De in het MNP-RIVM ingevoerde Leidraad voor Omgaan met Onzekerheden biedt daar een eerste aanzet toe, mits deze vooral wordt gebruikt als instrument dat reflectie stimuleert. Een uitwerking van deze Leidraad op het onderwerp 'participatie van stakeholders' vereist een nadere bestudering van participatiestrategieen en -praktijken English abstract When politicians, policy makers, stakeholders, citizens and scientists are confronted with complex policy problems, such as environmental, nature and sustainability issues, they do not always agree on the real problem. Furthermore, once a shared problem definition has been agreed on, discussion on solutions may remain. Depending on how the relationship between science and policy is viewed, ways can be determined to involve stakeholders in the process of delivering scientific policy advice. Here, the basic assumption is that it may well be desirable in decision-making to have 'boundary organisations' between science and policy, such as the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (MNP) - RIVM, which would take into account the plurality in value orientations and scientific insights in delivering their advice. A Guidance for Uncertainty Assessment and Communication has been introduced at the MNP-RIVM to facilitate this function, but in order for the process to be sustained, the Guidance should be considered, in particular, as an instrument to stimulate reflection. Participatory strategies and practices need to be studied more closely if the Guidance is to be elaborated with respect to 'participation of stakeholders'
Évaluation de la validité prédictive de la Statique-99R et de ses dimensions

The aims of the current paper were to identify dimensions of the Static-99R, the most commonly used sex-offender actuarial scale, and to test their predictive validity. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three dimensions from the scale: sexual deviance, antisocial orientation and detachment. Cox regression analyses revealed that different actuarial factors predicted different recidivism outcomes: sexual deviance only predicted sexual recidivism, while antisocial orientation only predicted non sexual violent recidivism and general recidivism. Detachment had an inconsistent predictive validity. ROC curve analyses indicated that the latest Static-99 revision, the Static-99R, outperformed its predecessor in virtually every way. These same analyses revealed that the scale was as effective with rapists as with child molesters.
Role of Plasticity at Different Sites across the Time Course of Cerebellar Motor Learning

Learning comprises multiple components that probably involve cellular and synaptic plasticity at multiple sites. Different neural sites may play their largest roles at different times during behavioral learning. We have used motor learning in smooth pursuit eye movements of monkeys to determine how and when different components of learning occur in a known cerebellar circuit. The earliest learning occurs when one climbing-fiber response to a learning instruction causes simple-spike firing rate of Purkinje cells in the floccular complex of the cerebellum to be depressed transiently at the time of the instruction on the next trial. Trial-over-trial depression and the associated learning in eye movement are forgotten in <6 s, but facilitate long-term behavioral learning over a time scale of ∼5 min. During 100 repetitions of a learning instruction, simple-spike firing rate becomes progressively depressed in Purkinje cells that receive climbing-fiber inputs from the instruction. In Purkinje cells that prefer the opposite direction of pursuit and therefore do not receive climbing-fiber inputs related to the instruction, simple-spike responses undergo potentiation, but more weakly and more slowly. Analysis of the relationship between the learned changes in simple-spike firing and learning in eye velocity suggests an orderly progression of plasticity: first on Purkinje cells with complex-spike (CS) responses to the instruction, later on Purkinje cells with CS responses to the opposite direction of instruction, and last in sites outside the cerebellar cortex. Climbing-fiber inputs appear to play a fast and primary, but nonexclusive, role in pursuit learning.
Isolation of pathogenic aerobic bacteria from the blood of septicaemic neonatal calves and the susceptibility of isolates to various antibiotics

INTRODUCTION Septicaemia is an important sequel to bacterial infection that causes a high mortality. It is most likely to be present in colostrum-deprived neonatal calves kept under poor shelter and hygienic conditions. Common clinical signs of septicaemia are diarrhoea, dehydration, lethargy, hypothermia, lack of suckling reflex and recumbency in 1–7-day-old calves. Because clinical signs are nonspecific, early diagnosis of septicaemia is difficult. Rapid and reliable culture with subsequent identification of pathogens from the blood is vital so that effective antimicrobial therapy can be provided. A bacteriological culture of blood is necessary to confirm a diagnosis of septicaemia. Automated blood culture systems are commonly used to identify infectious agents causing septicaemia in human medicine. In veterinary medicine, however, conventional blood culture methods are used in neonatal calves with septicaemia. Oxoid Signal and BACTEC blood culture systems have rarely been employed in the veterinary field. The BACTEC 9240 system is one of the new automated continuous BACTEC blood culture systems using infrared spectrophotometry to monitor CO2 production by growing bacteria with a fluorescence sensor. This system detects blood-borne organisms rapidly and accurately. It minimises the incubation time, contamination risk and false negative rate. Although it seems to be a relatively expensive method, the system may reduce the cost of treatment through early recognition of the infection that enables effective management. Antimicrobial susceptibility results for the isolates using an accurate method, such as the BACTEC 9240 system, will help to determine a suitable drug treatment programme. The purpose of the study was to detect aerobic pathogenic bacteria in the blood of septicaemic neonatal calves with the BACTEC 9240 blood culture system, and to determine the antimicrobial drug susceptibility of isolates.
General Strain Theory, Gender, and the Conditioning Influence of Negative Internalizing Emotions on Youth Risk Behaviors

Girls’ maladaptive responses to strain may be more likely to manifest in self-directed deviance than externally directed deviance, partly due to the role of depression/anxiety in girls’ lives. These assertions are tested using the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. Gendered maladaptive outcomes—aggressive delinquency, running away, substance use, and suicidal behavior—are regressed on negative emotions and serious strain. The moderating effects of depression/anxiety are also tested. Depression/anxiety is associated with less aggressive delinquency for girls and amplifies the effects of strain and anger on nonaggressive maladaptive outcomes. The results help explain how gender influences relationships among strain, externalizing and internalizing negative emotions, and risk behaviors.