Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Déterminants proximaux et contexte évolutif de la dispersion chez deux espèces d'oiseaux, la Cigogne blanche (Ciconia ciconia) et le Cincle plongeur (Cinclus cinclus)

La dispersion est definie comme le mouvement fait par un individu entre son lieu de naissance et le site de sa premiere reproduction (dispersion natale) ou entre deux sites de reproduction successifs (dispersion de reproduction). Il possede de nombreuses causes (proximales et ultimes) et consequences (fitness, etc.), peu etudiees a des echelles spatiotemporelles larges. Cette these souligne le role de la densite, du climat, et des populations considerees, avec une approche dynamique des echanges et un role de la migration, sur la dispersion de la Cigogne blanche (Ciconia ciconia) en France. La dispersion influence la survie et la reproduction chez le Cincle plongeur (Cinclus cinclus) et est heritable, ce qui souligne le processus evolutif sous-jacent a l’apparition de ce comportement. Ces travaux recontextualisent le role de l’environnement sur la dispersion a une echelle inter-populationnelle, en soulignant les liens avec la migration, ainsi que le contexte evolutif de ce trait.
Query Independent Time Dependent Page Ranking Algorithm for Web Information Retrieval

With the remarkable growth of information obtainable to end users through the web, search engines come to play ever a more significant role. The search engines sometimes give disappointing search results for lack of any classification of search. If we can somehow find the preference of user about the search result and rank pages according to that preference, the result will be more accurate to the user. In this paper page ranking algorithm is being proposed based on the notion of query independent constrained ranked retrieval, which, given a query and a time constraint, produces the best possible ranked list within the specified time limit. The proposed algorithm is based on the constraint that makes Query independency feature where keywords are given less weights and the hyperlinks used with time selection decisions are used. We record the visited time of the page using Log files it means we use the time factor to get better precision of the ranking. Experiments on different test collections show that this algorithm is able to satisfy imposed time constraints, and being able to deliver more effective results, especially under tight time constraints. The proposed approach mainly consists of three steps: select some web pages based on user’s demand, measure their damping factor, and give different weightage to each page depending upon how much time user spending on the web page. The results of our simulation studies show that algorithm performs better than the conventional PageRank algorithm in terms of returning larger number of relevant pages to a given query.
Numerical Model for Wave-Induced Scour below a Submarine Pipeline

A vertical two-dimensional numerical model for local scour beneath an offshore pipeline exposed to waves is developed in this study. Waves are modeled as sinusoidally oscillatory flows, and the phase-resolved velocity field around the pipeline is simulated by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with a k-ω turbulence closure. Both suspended and bed loads of sediment transport are considered in the model. A special technique for coupling the solution of the flow field to the scour calculation is developed to accommodate different timescales of the flow and morphological changes. The seabed morphology calculation is based on the period-averaged sediment transport rate with a morphological time step that is chosen by designating a maximum allowable bed deformation in each update. Numerical tests indicate that this technique significantly reduces the computational costs and is of acceptable accuracy. A sand-slide method is employed after each bed update to smooth out small bed irregularities.
A Measurement of the Angular Power Spectrum of the Cmb from ℓ = 100 to 400

We report on a measurement of the angular spectrum of the CMB between l ≈ 100 and l ≈ 400 made at 144 GHz from Cerro Toco in the Chilean altiplano. When the new data are combined with previous data at 30 and 40 GHz, taken with the same instrument observing the same section of sky, we find: 1) a rise in the angular spectrum to a maximum with δT l ≈ 85 µK at l ≈ 200 and a fall at l > 300, thereby localizing the peak near l ≈ 200; and 2) that the anisotropy at l ≈ 200 has the spectrum of the CMB. It is widely recognized that the characterization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy is essential for understanding the process of cosmic structure formation (e.g. Hu et al. 1997, Bennett et al. 1997, Turner & Tyson 1999). If some of the currently popular models prove correct, the anisotropy may be used to strongly constrain cosmological parameters (e.g. Jungman et al. 1995, Bond et al. 1998). Summaries of the state of our knowledge of the CMB (e.g. Bond et al. 1998b (BJK), Page & Wilkinson 1999) suggest the existence of a peak in the angular spectrum near l = 200. In particular, BJK show 150 ≤ l peak ≤ 350. Since their analysis there have been additional results at l > 200 that lend support to their picture (Baker et al. 1999 (CAT), Glanz 1999 (VIPER), Wilson et al. 1999 (MSAM)). Here, we report the results from the TOCO98 campaign of the Mobile Anisotropy Telescope (MAT) which probes from l ≈ 100 to l ≈ 400. The MAT telescope, based on the design in Wollack et al. 1997, is described briefly in Torbet et al. 1999 and Devlin et al. 1998 and is documented on the web 3. In this paper, we focus on results from the two D-band (144 GHz) channels. The receivers use SIS mixers designed and fabricated by A. R. Kerr and S. -K. Pan of NRAO and A. W. Lichtenberger of the University of Virginia (Kerr et al. 1993). The six other detectors in the focal plane are 30 and 40 GHz high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) amplifiers designed by M. Pospieszalski (Pospieszalski 1992, Pospieszalski et al. 1994). The mixers, which operate in double sideband mode, are fed with a 25% bandwidth corrugated feed cooled to 4.5 K. The 144 …
Growth of continental plateaus by channel injection: models designed to address constraints and thermomechanical consistency

Abstract Weak, possibly partially molten, middle crust may exist and deform by channel flow beneath continental plateaus, thereby significantly influencing their dynamics. The role of channel flows in the transition zone between the plateau and the foreland is, however, unclear. We develop successively more complete approximate models for the channel injection (CI) mode in which differential pressure pumps channel material from beneath the plateau into the transitional crust, which thickens it and widens the plateau. The motivation is to improve our understanding of the controls on the growth of continental plateaus and the interactions in the transition zone, and to gain more insight into the results of more complex numerical models. In model CI-1, a channel with constant viscosity and thickness exists in the transitional crust and the pumped material accretes/freezes above and below the channel. Although results compare favourably with the geometry of some natural examples, this model is incomplete because the connection between the transition zone and the plateau is not considered. Model CI-2 includes a decrease in channel viscosity when the channel depth exceeds a critical value, D*, a proxy for onset of melt weakening or low viscosities at high temperatures. The model completes the connection to the plateau, but relies on the arbitrary choice of D*. Model CI-3 is more physically based, and considers the channel viscosity and thickness to depend on temperature, calculated by an associated thermal model that includes radioactive self-heating, and advection of heat by channel material. This model demonstrates self-consistent plateau widening if the channel viscosity decreases at the critical temperature, T*. Acceptable comparisons with the topography of Tibet are achieved with transition zone viscosities that decrease from 1019−1022 Pa s to subplateau values of 1018–1019 Pa s, with T* of 700−750°C. Additional analyses and tests are used to determine the range of parameter values for which CI models are both internally consistent and compatible with observations. Additional modes of deformation in the transition zone, viscous thickening (VT) and plastic translation (PT), may also be important.
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Diagnostic Value in Patients with Renal Contrast on CT Myelography:

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The signiﬁcance of renal contrast on CT myelography is uncertain. This project examined different patientpopulationsundergoingCTmyelographyforthepresenceofrenalcontrasttodeterminewhetherthisﬁndingisofdiagnosticvalue in spontaneous intracranial hypotension. MATERIALSANDMETHODS: FourgroupsofpatientswereanalyzedforrenalcontrastonCTmyelography.Thecontrolgroupunderwent CT myelography for reasons other than spontaneous intracranial hypotension ( n (cid:2) 47). Patients in study group 1 had spontaneous intracranial hypotension but CT myelography negative for dural CSF leak and CSF venous ﬁstula ( n (cid:2) 83). Patients in study group 2 had spontaneous intracranial hypotension and CT myelography positive for dural CSF leak ( n (cid:2) 44). Patients in study group 3 had spontaneous intracranialhypotensionandCTmyelographysuggestiveofCSFvenousﬁstuladuetoahyperdenseparaspinalvein( n (cid:2) 17,elevensurgically conﬁrmed). RESULTS: RenalcontrastwaspresentontheinitialCTmyelographyin0/47patientsinthecontrolgroup,10/83patientsingroupone,1/44 patientsingroup2,and7/17patientsingroup3. RenalcontrastoninitialCTmyelographyinpatientswithsuspectedorsurgicallyconﬁrmed CSF venous ﬁstula was signiﬁcantly more likely than in patients with a dural CSF leak ( P (cid:2) . 0003). CONCLUSIONS: Renal contrast on initial CT myelography was seen only in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. This was more common in conﬁrmed/suspected CSF venous ﬁstulas compared with dural leaks. Early renal contrast in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension should prompt scrutiny for a hyperdense paraspinal vein, and, if none is found, potentially advanced diagnostic studies.
Tide-controlled variations of primary- and secondary-bedform height: Innenjade tidal channel (Jade Bay, German Bight)

Primary- and secondary-bedform height dynamics were investigated during two tidal cycles in the Innenjade tidal channel in the Jade Bay, German Bight. Repetitive, simultaneous measurements of high- resolution swath bathymetry and flow velocity were combined with detailed spatial mapping of bed material characteristics. The bedform tracking tool (BTT) developed by van der Mark and Blom (2007) was further improved for an objective and discrete analysis of primary- and secondary-bedforms. Primary-bedform heights generally decreased during ebb tide and increased during flood tide. This was due to erosion and deposition of the crests, as the troughs remained practically constant. Crest erosion occurred at high energy stages during ebb tide, and overall crest deposition during flood tide (build-up of flood cap). We assign the low erosion in the troughs to a combination of low flow velocity and armoring through shell lag-deposits. Secondary-bedform height generally increased with increasing mean flow velocity and decreased with decreasing mean flow velocity. We hypothesize that this was due to an excess build-up of the crests primarily through internal sediment turnover, i.e. merely the shape of the secondary-bedforms changes. At maximum flow velocity, the secondary-bedform crests and troughs eroded with the erosion of the crests exceeding the erosion of the troughs, leading to a decrease in secondary-bedform height at maximum and initially falling flow velocities. We suggest that the relatively dynamic secondary-bedform troughs were due to the absence of a shell lag deposit in the secondary-bedform troughs.
Attribution of regional‐scale temperature changes to anthropogenic and natural causes

The causes of twentieth century temperature change in six separate land areas of the Earth have been determined by carrying out a series of optimal detection analyses. The warming effects of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations have been detected in all the regions examined, including North America and Europe. In most regions, cooling from sulfate aerosols counteracts some of the greenhouse warming, and there is some evidence for reduced net aerosol cooling in Asia, possibly as a result of warming from black carbon.
Late Pleistocene tephrostratigraphy of the sediment core MD01-2421 collected off the Kashima coast, Japan

本研究は，鹿島沖から採取された長さ約46 mのMD01-2421コアに介在する23枚のテフラについて，岩石学的記載と火山ガラスの主元素組成分析を行い，既知のテフラとの対比を試みたものである．その結果，九州起源のATとAso-4，御岳山を給源とし中部～東北地方に広く分布するOn-Pm1，北関東に分布するAg-KP，南関東に分布するHk-TP，立山カルデラ起源のTt-D，福島県南部と茨城県北部で対比されているNm-Tgが同定された．また，本コアで得られている高分解能の底生有孔虫の酸素同位体層序を使用して，各テフラの噴出年代を算出し，SPECMAP年代に伴う誤差も合わせて示した．対比された7枚のテフラの噴出年代を，報告されている放射年代や花粉分析や海水準変動史から予想されていた噴出年代と比較して議論した．これらはMIS 6. 3以降の中部から東北地方南部の標準となるテフラ層序を提供するものである．
Simpli ﬁ cation of calibration of low-cost MARG sensors without high-precision laboratory equipment

In mechatronic-related applications, estimating orientation from a magnetic, angular rate, and gravity (MARG) sensor array is a significant topic. Representing attitude orientation is a well-known topic in the aerospace industry, where it plays a critical role in airplanes and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), but it has also gained relevance in other sectors. However, most of the sensors utilized are quite expensive, heavy, and large, making them unsuitable for modest applications. This paper examines the performance of several sensors in low-cost hardware and high-acceleration environments. A theorical method was adopted to estimate Euler angles by using accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer, and a robust and easy to implement method calibration was proposed to calibrate the MARG sensor without any external equipment. An experimental verification of the proposed calibration method was completed. The experimental results are then interpreted to provide an insight to advantages and disadvantages for using each sensor separately.
Investigating the Effectiveness of Assistive Technologies on Situationally Impaired Users

Mobile devices are used in increasingly demanding contexts, which compete for the visual resources required for an effective interaction. This is more obvious when considering current visually demanding user interfaces. In this work, we propose using solutions initially designed for blind people in order to ease the visual demand of current mobile interfaces. A comparative user study was conducted with 23 sighted volunteers who performed text-entry tasks with three methods, QWERTY, VoiceOver alike and NavTouch in three mobility conditions. We first analyzed the effect of walking and visual demand, followed by the effect of using assistive technologies in mobile contexts. Results show that traditional QWERTY keyboard outperforms alternative textentry methods for the blind, as users prefer visual feedback over their auditory counterpart. Moreover assistive technologies and their interaction processes revealed to be cognitively demanding and therefore inadequate in mobile contexts. These findings suggest that technology transfer should be performed with caution, and adaptations must be done to account for differences in users’ capabilities.
Spatio-temporal landscape modelling for natural hazard vulnerability analysis in select watersheds of Central Western Ghats

Natural hazards such as landslides are triggered by numerous factors such as ground movements, rock falls, slope failure, debris flows, slope instability, etc. Changes in slope stability happen due to human intervention, anthropogenic activities, change in soil structure, loss or absence of vegetation (changes in land cover), etc. Loss of vegetation happens when the forest is fragmented due to anthropogenic activities. Hence land cover mapping with forest fragmentation can provide vital information for visualising the regions that require immediate attention from slope stability aspects. The main objective of this paper is to understand the rate of change in forest landscape from 1973 to 2004 through multi-sensor remote sensing data analysis. The forest fragmentation index presented here is based on temporal land use information and forest fragmentation model, in which the forest pixels are classified as patch, transitional, edge, perforated, and interior, that give a measure of forest continuity. The analysis carried out for five prominent watersheds of Uttara Kannada district– Aganashini, Bedthi, Kali, Sharavathi and Venkatpura revealed that interior forest is continuously decreasing while patch, transitional, edge and perforated forest show increasing trend. The effect of forest fragmentation on landslide occurrence was visualised by overlaying the landslide occurrence points on classified image and forest fragmentation map. The increasing patch and transitional forest on hill slopes are the areas prone to landslides, evident from the field verification, indicating that deforestation is a major triggering factor for landslides. This emphasises the need for immediate conservation measures for sustainable management of the landscape. Quantifying and describing land use - land cover change and fragmentation is crucial for assessing the effect of land management policies and environmental protection decisions.
Zero-Divisor Graphs of ℤ _n, their products and D_n

This paper is an endeavor to discuss some properties of zero-divisor graphs of the ring Z n , the ring of integers modulo n . The zero divisor graph of a commutative ring R , is an undirected graph whose vertices are the nonzero zero-divisors of R , where two distinct vertices are adjacent if their product is zero. The zero-divisor graph of R is denoted by Γ( R ). We discussed Γ( Z n )’s by the attributes of completeness, k-partite structure, complete k-partite structure, regularity, chordality, γ − β perfectness, simplicial vertices. The clique number for arbitrary Γ( Z n ) was also found. This work also explores related attributes of ﬁnite products Γ( Z n 1 × · · · × Z n k ), seeking to extend certain results to the product rings. We ﬁnd all Γ( Z n 1 × · · · × Z n k ) that are perfect. Likewise, a lower bound of clique number of Γ( Z m × Z n ) was found. Later, in this paper, we discuss some properties of the zero divisor graph of the poset D n , the set of positive divisors of a positive integer n partially ordered by divisibility.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Effect of data quality on estimates of farm infectiousness trends in the UK 2001 foot-and-mouth disease epidemic

Most of the mathematical models that were developed to study the UK 2001 foot-and-mouth disease epidemic assumed that the infectiousness of infected premises was constant over their infectious periods. However, there is some controversy over whether this assumption is appropriate. Uncertainty about which farm infected which in 2001 means that the only method to determine if there were trends in farm infectiousness is the ﬁtting of mechanistic mathematical models to the epidemic data. The parameter values that are estimated using this technique, however, may be inﬂuenced by missing and inaccurate data. In particular to the UK 2001 epidemic, this includes unreported infectives, inaccurate farm infection dates and unknown farm latent periods. Here, we show that such data degradation prevents successful determination of trends in farm infectiousness
Tectonic Subsidence Variations in the Jurassic of West-central Alberta

Summary Tectonic subsidence curves were generated for over 200 wells in west-central Alberta to study the initiation of the foreland basin, as recorded in the Jurassic sediments in this area. A customized methodology for performing the calculations was used to facilitate a more detailed examination of the tectonic subsidence. This study reveals spatial and temporal variations in tectonic subsidence within the basin.
INTEGRATION OF NPP SEMI MECHANISTIC - MODELLING, REMOTE SENSING AND CIS IN ESTIMATING CO2 ABSORPTION OF FOREST VEGETATION IN LORE LINDU NATIONAL PARK

Net Primary Production, NPP, is one of the most important variables characterizing the performance of an ecosystem. It is the difference between the total carbon uptake from the air through photosynthesis and the carbon loss due to respiration by living plants. However, field measurements of NPP are time-consuming and expensive. Current techniques are therefore not useful for obtaining NPP estimates over large areas. By combining the remote sensing and GIS technology and modelling, we can estimate NPP of a large ecosystem with a little ease. This paper discusses the use of a process based physiological sunshade canopy models in estimating NPP of Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP). The discussion includes on how to parameterize the models and how to scale up from leaf to the canopy. The version documented in this manuscript is called NetPro Model, which a potential NPP model where water effect is not included yet. The model integrates CIS and the use of Remote Sensing, and written in Visual Basic 6.0 programming language and Map Objects 2.1. NetPro has the capability of estimating NPP of Cs vegetation under present environmental condition and under future scenarios (increasing [CO2], increasing temperature and increasing or decreasing leaf nitrogen level). Based on site-measured parameterisation of VaM* (Photosynthetic capacity), /Jj Respiration) and leaf nitrogen ONi), the model was run under increasing CO2 level and temperature and varied leaf nitrogen. The output of the semi-mechanistic modelling is radiation use efficiency (? ). Analysis of remote sensing data give Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and related Leaf Area Index (LAI) and traction of absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (/M>AK). Climate data are obtained from 12 meteorological stations around die parks, which includes global radiations, minimum and maximum temperature. CO2 absorbed by vegetation (Gross Primary Production, GPP) is then calculated using the above variables and parameters with the following equation: estimating NPP, while ecosystem respiration is set as a function of temperature for estimating NEE. Under present condition, the net a bsorption of CO> by the vegetation of Lore Lindu National Park (NPP) is 1330.31 gCm"2year"' and at double CO2 and temperature increased of 3.5 "C, it increased by 23 %, reaching 1638.80 gCm'2 year'1. Key words : NPP Semi-mechanistic model, photosynthesis, carbon sequestration, net primary-production, tropical forest
In Situ Comparisons with the Cloud Radar Retrievals of Stratus Cloud Effective Radius

In situ sampling of cloud droplets by aircraft in Oklahoma in 1997, Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) - First ISCCP Regional Experiment Aerosol Characterization Experiment (FIRE ACE) in 1998, and a collection of droplet spectra measured from various locations around the world are used to evaluate the potential for a ground-based remote-sensing technique for retrieving profiles of cloud droplet effective radius (re). The technique uses vertically pointing measurements from high-sensitivity millimeter-wavelength radar to obtain height-resolved estimates of the re in clouds.