Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-priority drug-drug interactions for use in electronic health records

OBJECTIVE To develop a set of high-severity, clinically significant drug-drug interactions (DDIs) for use in electronic health records (EHRs). METHODS A panel of experts was convened with the goal of identifying critical DDIs that should be used for generating medication-related decision support alerts in all EHRs. Panelists included medication knowledge base vendors, EHR vendors, in-house knowledge base developers from academic medical centers, and both federal and private agencies involved in the regulation of medication use. Candidate DDIs were assessed by the panel based on the consequence of the interaction, severity levels assigned to them across various medication knowledge bases, availability of therapeutic alternatives, monitoring/management options, predisposing factors, and the probability of the interaction based on the strength of evidence available in the literature. RESULTS Of 31 DDIs considered to be high risk, the panel approved a final list of 15 interactions. Panelists agreed that this list represented drugs that are contraindicated for concurrent use, though it does not necessarily represent a complete list of all such interacting drug pairs. For other drug interactions, severity may depend on additional factors, such as patient conditions or timing of co-administration. DISCUSSION The panel provided recommendations on the creation, maintenance, and implementation of a central repository of high severity interactions. CONCLUSIONS A set of highly clinically significant drug-drug interactions was identified, for which warnings should be generated in all EHRs. The panel highlighted the complexity of issues surrounding development and implementation of such a list.
2 Ceramic Coatings Obtained by Electrophoretic Deposition : Fundamentals , Models , Post-Deposition Processes and Applications

EPD is a two-step process. In the first step, charged particles suspended in a liquid medium move towards the oppositely charged electrode under the effect of an externally applied electric field (electrophoresis). In the second step, the particles deposit on the electrode forming a more or less thick film, depending on the process conditions (concentration of particles in solution, applied electric field, time). The substrate acts as an electrode and the deposit of particles is the coating.
The nationalization of Swahili in Kenya

ABSTRACT The decree of 4 July, 1974, by President Kenyatta, proclaiming Swahili as the national language of Kenya is discussed with reference to questions of feasibility and expediency. The alternatives to the President's decree are considered, and reasons for the decision are suggested. Comparison of the status of Swahili in the capital cities of Kenya (Nairobi) and Tanzania (Dar es Salaam) is made to illustrate the special difficulties confronting the Kenya government in making the President's decree effective. The parliamentary response is crucial, but the dominance of English in Nairobi, the capital city, where Swahili has not always been much valued, indicates a wider gap between intention and the possibility of fulfilment than in Dar es Salaam. The need for proficiency in Swahili is viewed in the Kenya situation, and this is related to what is linguistically appropriate. The nationalization of Swahili results in secularization of a language that found its normal expression in the setting of Islam. What is linguistically appropriate in Swahili on the national level is often inappropriate to members of the Swahili coastal community. Kenyans are likely to opt for their own modifications of Standard Swahili, basing this on the Mombasa dialect, but up-country Swahili is the foundation upon which greater proficiency can be achieved. (Language planning, language policy, regional and social stratification of varieties, Swahili; Kenya, Tanzania.)
MicroRNAs: Clinical Relevance in Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancer diagnoses and causes of mortality worldwide. MicroRNAs are a class of small, non-coding regulatory RNAs that have shown strong associations with colorectal cancer. Through the repression of target messenger RNAs, microRNAs modulate many cellular pathways, such as those involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. The utilization of microRNAs has shown significant promise in the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer, owing to their unique expression profile associations with cancer types and malignancies. Moreover, microRNA therapeutics with mimics or antagonists show great promise in preclinical studies, which encourages further development of their clinical use for colorectal cancer patients. The unique ability of microRNAs to affect multiple downstream pathways represents a novel approach for cancer therapy. Although still early in its development, we believe that microRNAs can be used in the near future as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer.
Using Ontologies for Developing a Search Mechanism in Social Networks

Online social networks ar e a particular type of virtual community and in recent years they have attracted many people. These networks provide various features for users and allow them to construct a profile and share their information. Hence searching in users' profiles and their information is one of the most common operations in social networks. In this paper, we present a search method based on ontology in which for each profile in social network an ontology is created and then the same is done for user's query. Using ontology matching techniques these ontologies are matched with each other and the similarities between them are computed. Finally according to similarities, results related to user's query are found and represented. The experiments show that the presented method is efficient and provide satisfactory results.
Quantifying learned non-use after stroke using unilateral and bilateral steering tasks

Learned non-use (LNU) is common after stroke and manifests when persons with stroke spontaneously use their stronger less-impaired arm despite residual functional abilities in the impaired arm. This tendency of under utilizing the impaired arm slows down the re-acquisition of bilateral coordination on activities of daily living. We wanted to examine whether this behavior could be studied and quantified using the TheraDrive system, a low-cost, mechatronic/robotic stroke rehabilitation system which uses a commercial force-feedback steering wheel along with custom games and unilateral and bilateral steering tasks for therapy and assessment. We attempt to quantify the role of the impaired arm in bilateral tracking with one and two-wheeled modes of the TheraDrive. Our results indicate that impaired arm use, arm bias and learned non-use behaviors may best be detected in decoupled bilateral tracking tasks.
Laughter and Liability: The Politics of British and Dutch Television Satire

Contemporary politicians face immense rhetorical and communicative challenges. Performing on the intertwined stages of politics, media (including Internet) and everyday life, they need to master diverse and contrasting repertoires of talk. Political communication research, at present, has ignored the question of how politicians face and experience these challenges, and how they reflect on the new communicative field. In this article, we begin to redress this situation by analysing and comparing the motives, experiences and reflections of politicians who appeared in the British satirical TV show, Have I Got News for You, and its Dutch adaptation, Dit was het Nieuws. Based on in-depth interviews with seven Dutch and 14 English MPs, we conclude that they draw from three repertoires to legitimise and reflect on their participation: a strategic, indulgent and anti-elitist repertoire. The first repertoire is predictable in the context of current political communication research, whereas the latter two add new dimensions of pleasure and bottom-up representation to it.
Good zoo/bad zoo: Visitor experiences in captive settings

Abstract Captive wildlife settings are a large and important segment of the wildlife tourism industry. They are also subject to considerable debate, much of which centers on whether zoos and sanctuaries deliver benefits that compensate the necessity of keeping animals in captivity. The views of the visiting public are an important factor in this debate. This study presents results from visitors who were asked to describe their best and worst wildlife tourism experiences. Three hundred sixty-three best experiences and 323 worst experiences occurred in captive environments, and these descriptions were analysed to determine the most frequently mentioned features of these experiences. Best experiences in captive environments commonly involved interaction with wildlife, learning, and viewing large numbers and varieties of wildlife. Worst experiences were dominated by poor management of captive animals, poor service or management of the facility, and threatening behavior from animals. Overall, the descriptive responses contain material that supports arguments on both sides of the great zoo debate, and provide direction for continued improvement of the zoo experience.
Path Clearance Using Multiple Scout Robots

Abstract : This paper presents the techniques that we have been developing recently to solve the problem of path clearance. In the path clearance problem the robot needs to reach its goal as quickly as possible without being detected by enemies. The problem is complicated by the fact that the robot does not know the precise locations of enemies, but has a list of their possible locations. Either the robot itself or scout robots can be used to sense these possible enemy locations before the robot traverses through them on the way to its goal. We have recently developed a general and efficient algorithm called PPCP (Probabilistic Planning with Clear Preference) for planning under uncertainty in the environment. In this paper we first describe how it can be applied to the problem of path clearance when there are no scout robots available and show that there are significant benefits of planning with PPCP over commonly used alternatives. We then explain a strategy for how to use the PPCP algorithm in case multiple scout robots are available and show that this strategy reduces the time it takes for the robot to reach its goal even further.
Group Assessment in Systems Analysis and Design: a comparison of the performance of streamed and mixed‐ability groups

ABSTRACT The results from a controlled experiment in methods of group formation for a group assessment exercise on a second‐year systems analysis and design module are presented. The experiment was undertaken in response to analysis of module results from the previous 3 years. In the group assessments the members of each group received the same group grade. The experiment compared the performance of streamed and mixed‐ability groups. The results are analysed and discussed. It shows that high ability students obtain considerably lower grades in mixed‐ability groups than in streamed groups whereas the reverse is the case for students at the lower end of the ability range. The study also indicates that lower ability students do better in subsequent examinations after having worked in mixed‐ability groups than those in streamed groups whereas the reverse is the case for higher ability students. The implications of the results and directions for future research are discussed.
Commitment to organizational change in a Chinese context

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the antecedents (psychological contract and perceived reasons for change) and consequences (work behaviors and well-being) of employees’ commitment to organizational change. Design/methodology/approach – The authors developed a conceptual model of the antecedents and consequences of commitment to organizational change. In Study 1, based on interviews, the authors developed an instrument to measure the construct “reasons for change. ” In Study 2, the authors collected questionnaire data from 228 employees of a Chinese telecom company undergoing organizational changes and tested the conceptual model using structural equation modeling. Findings – The results showed that the strength of a relational contract (one form of psychological contract) was positively related to normative commitment to change and negatively related to continuance commitment to change. External reasons for change were positively related to affective and normative commitment to change, wh.
Who's Smoking, Drinking, and Using Drugs? Time Perspective as a Predictor of Substance Use

Two studies examined whether those identified as having a more present time perspective (PTP) are more likely to report using alcohol, drugs, and tobacco. In Study 1, across 2,627 participants from 15 samples, we found that PTP, as assessed by the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, was related to more frequent self-reported alcohol, drug, and tobacco use (Substance Use scale: average r = .34, p <.001). Future time perspective (FTP) was negatively related to reported substance use (average r = -.16, p < .001), but the relation was weaker than that of PTP, suggesting that PTP and FTP are independent constructs. In Study 2, we found that PTP was a significant predictor of reported substance use even after controlling for many personality traits that have been related to increased substance use. These findings indicate that time perspective is an important individual difference construct that should be considered when examining health-related behaviors, such as substance use and abuse, and in planning inter.
Improved Somatic Mutagenesis in Zebrafish Using Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs)

Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) made by Context-Dependent Assembly (CoDA) and Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) provide robust and user-friendly technologies for efficiently inactivating genes in zebrafish. These designer nucleases bind to and cleave DNA at particular target sites, inducing error-prone repair that can result in insertion or deletion mutations. Here, we assess the relative efficiencies of these technologies for inducing somatic DNA mutations in mosaic zebrafish. We find that TALENs exhibited a higher success rate for obtaining active nucleases capable of inducing mutations than compared with CoDA ZFNs. For example, all six TALENs tested induced DNA mutations at genomic target sites while only a subset of CoDA ZFNs exhibited detectable rates of mutagenesis. TALENs also exhibited higher mutation rates than CoDA ZFNs that had not been pre-screened using a bacterial two-hybrid assay, with DNA mutation rates ranging from 20%–76.8% compared to 1.1%–3.3%. Furthermore, the broader targeting range of TALENs enabled us to induce mutations at the methionine translation start site, sequences that were not targetable using the CoDA ZFN platform. TALENs exhibited similar toxicity to CoDA ZFNs, with >50% of injected animals surviving to 3 days of life. Taken together, our results suggest that TALEN technology provides a robust alternative to CoDA ZFNs for inducing targeted gene-inactivation in zebrafish, making it a preferred technology for creating targeted knockout mutants in zebrafish.
Translating Granularity of Event Slots into Features for Event Coreference Resolution.

Using clues from event semantics to solve coreference, we present an “event template” approach to cross-document event coreference resolution on news articles. The approach uses a pairwise model, in which event information is compared along five semantically motivated slots of an event template. The templates, filled in on the sentence level for every event mention from the data set, are used for supervised classification. In this study, we determine granularity of events and we use the grain size as a clue for solving event coreference. We experiment with a newly-created granularity ontology employing granularity levels of locations, times and human participants as well as event durations as features in event coreference resolution. The granularity ontology is available for research. Results show that determining granularity along semantic event slots, even on the sentence level exclusively, improves precision and solves event coreference with scores comparable to those achieved in related work.
A new approach for establishing pairwise keys for securing wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks based on highly resource-constrained devices require symmetric cryptography in order to make them secure. Integral to this is the exchange of unique symmetric keys between two devices. In this paper, we propose a novel decentralized key exchange protocol that guarantees the confidentiality of a key exchange even if an attacker has compromised some of the devices in the network. A central objective of the protocol design was to minimize resource consumption on the individual devices. We evaluate the resource requirements of our protocol in terms of memory requirements, CPU usage and network traffic both through theoretical analysis and through simulations.
Who Uses Physician-Rating Websites? Differences in Sociodemographic Variables, Psychographic Variables, and Health Status of Users and Nonusers of Physician-Rating Websites

Background The number of physician-rating websites (PRWs) is rising rapidly, but usage is still poor. So far, there has been little discussion about what kind of variables influence usage of PRWs. Objective We focused on sociodemographic variables, psychographic variables, and health status of PRW users and nonusers. Methods An online survey of 1006 randomly selected German patients was conducted in September 2012. We analyzed the patients’ knowledge and use of online PRWs. We also analyzed the impact of sociodemographic variables (gender, age, and education), psychographic variables (eg, feelings toward the Internet, digital literacy), and health status on use or nonuse as well as the judgment of and behavior intentions toward PRWs. The survey instrument was based on existing literature and was guided by several research questions. Results A total of 29.3% (289/986) of the sample knew of a PRW and 26.1% (257/986) had already used a PRW. Younger people were more prone than older ones to use PRWs (t 967=2.27, P=.02). Women used them more than men (χ2 1=9.4, P=.002), the more highly educated more than less educated people (χ2 4=19.7, P=.001), and people with chronic diseases more than people without (χ2 1=5.6, P=.02). No differences were found between users and nonusers in their daily private Internet use and in their use of the Internet for health-related information. Users had more positive feelings about the Internet and other Web-based applications in general (t 489=3.07, P=.002) than nonusers, and they had higher digital literacy (t 520=4.20, P<.001). Users ascribed higher usefulness to PRWs than nonusers (t 612=11.61, P<.001) and users trusted information on PRWs to a greater degree than nonusers (t 559=11.48, P<.001). Users were also more likely to rate a physician on a PRW in the future (t 367=7.63, P<.001) and to use a PRW in the future (t 619=15.01, P<.001). The results of 2 binary logistic regression analyses demonstrated that sociodemographic variables (gender, age, education) and health status alone did not predict whether persons were prone to use PRWs or not. Adding psychographic variables and information-seeking behavior variables to the binary logistic regression analyses led to a satisfying fit of the model and revealed that higher education, poorer health status, higher digital literacy (at the 10% level of significance), lower importance of family and pharmacist for health-related information, higher trust in information on PRWs, and higher appraisal of usefulness of PRWs served as significant predictors for usage of PRWs. Conclusions Sociodemographic variables alone do not sufficiently predict use or nonuse of PRWs; specific psychographic variables and health status need to be taken into account. The results can help designers of PRWs to better tailor their product to specific target groups, which may increase use of PRWs in the future.
Regulation of Energy Expenditure in Aging Humans

The regulation of daily energy expenditure and its components in aging humans in considered in this review. Specifically, the effects of age on resting metabolic rate (RMR), the thermic effect of a meal, body composition, and the interaction of these variables with physical activity in both men and women are considered. The possible modulators of the age‐related decline in RMR are examined by exploring the influence of alterations in body composition, physical activity, and the sodium‐potassium pump. Thereafter, the status of energy . requirements in healthy and diseased individuals is examined. New information is presented regarding the use of the doubly‐labeled water technique to measure daily energy expenditure and its applicability to the determination of daily energy requirements in free‐living older persons.
Neuropsychological tests for predicting cognitive decline in older adults.

AIM To determine neuropsychological tests likely to predict cognitive decline. METHODS A sample of nonconverters (n = 106) was compared with those who declined in cognitive status (n = 24). Significant univariate logistic regression prediction models were used to create multivariate logistic regression models to predict decline based on initial neuropsychological testing. RESULTS Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT) Retention predicted conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) while baseline Buschke Delay predicted conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Due to group sample size differences, additional analyses were conducted using a subsample of demographically matched nonconverters. Analyses indicated RCFT Retention predicted conversion to MCI and AD, and Buschke Delay predicted conversion to AD. CONCLUSION Results suggest RCFT Retention and Buschke Delay may be useful in predicting cognitive decline.
Postmyocardial Infarct Remodeling and Heart Failure: Potential Contributions from Pro- and Antiaging Factors

Myocardial infarction and adverse postinfarct remodeling in older persons lead to poor outcome and need greater understanding of the contributions of age-related factors on abnormal cardiac function and management. In this perspective, how normal aging processes could contribute to the events of post-myocardial infarction and remodeling is reviewed. Post-myocardial infarction and remodeling involve cardiomechanical factors and neurohormonal response. Many factors prevent or accelerate aging including immunosenescence, recruitment and regeneration of stem cells, telomere shortening, oxidative damage, antiaging hormones klotho and melatonin, nutrition, and Sirtiun protein family, and these factors could affect post-MI remodeling and heart failure. Interest in stem cell repair of myocardial infarcts to mitigate post-MI remodeling needs more information on aging of stem cells, and potential effects on stem cell use in infarct repair. Integrating genomics and proteomics methods may help find clinically novel therapy in the management of post-MI remodeling and heart failure in aged individuals.
SiGe nanowire field effect transistors.

Si0.5Geo0. 5 nanowires have been utilized to fabricate source-drain channels of p-type field effect transistors (p-FETs). These transistors were fabricated using two methods, focused ion beam (FIB) and electron beam lithography (EBL). The electrical analyses of these devices show field effect transistor characteristics. The boron-doped SiGe p-FETs with a high-k (HfO2) insulator and Pt electrodes, made via FIB produced devices with effective hole mobilities of about 50 cm2V(-1)s(-1). Similar transistors with Ti/Au electrodes made via EBL had effective hole mobilities of about 350 cm2V(-1)s(-1).