Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Continuous pharmaceutical process engineering and economics

Continuous Pharmaceutical Manufacturing (CPM) emerges as a ground-breaking technology which can invigorate the global pharmaceutical industry by sustainably fostering its agility and the affordability of healthcare for large populations. Continuous production methods feature numerous significant technical advantages, which however need be ensured by robust, scaleable chemistry, systematic process design and efficient Process Analytical Technology (PAT) for control. Quality by Design (QbD) must be achieved by a relentless pursuit of efficiency in energy and solvent use, but above all the business case for a product must be strong enough to cover both synthesis and process R&D against competition. Remarkable corporate investments in production-scale CPM facilities illustrate the value and promise of this paradigm. This paper focuses on applications of process systems engineering methodologies (flowsheet modelling and simulation) toward evaluating the technical efficiency, environmental impact and economic viability of two continuous processes. Original final upstream separation results for ibuprofen and recent ones for plantwide CPM economics are discussed. Continuous pharmaceutical process engineering and economics Investigating technical efficiency, environmental impact and economic viability
Competence, Knowledge, and the Labour Market. The Role of complementarities

This paper develops a theoretical analysis of training regimes as outcomes of a complementarity between organizational and institutional factors that determine firms' and workers' incentives as regards skills. Specifically, the paper proposes that, on the one hand, knowledge embeddedness within firms is the determinant of firms' preferences concerning training, while, on the other, labor market institutionalization provides the framework for workers' preferences. Applying a criterion of coherence between firm and worker incentives, two stable configurations are singled out. The former is shown to correspond to the Japanese model of training, while the latter conforms more to the German experience.
Too Much Information: Keeping Training Simple for BabyLMs

This paper details the work of the University of Groningen for the BabyLM Challenge. We follow the idea that, like babies, language models should be introduced to simpler concepts first and build off of that knowledge to understand more complex concepts. We examine this strategy of simple-then-complex through a variety of lenses, namely context size, vocabulary, and overall linguistic complexity of the data. We find that only one, context size, is truly beneficial to training a language model. However this simple change to context size gives us improvements of 2 points on average on (Super)GLUE tasks, 1 point on MSGS tasks, and 12\% on average on BLiMP tasks. Our context-limited model outperforms the baseline that was trained on 10$\times$ the amount of data.
International Journal of Human Sciences / Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi

In this study, whether optimism has a mediating role in the relationship between self-compassion and subjective well-being was examined. The sample of the study consisted of 302 volunteer participants (117 [38.74%] males) between the ages of 18 and 47. Data were obtained using the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), and Optimism Scale (OS). The data obtained from the scales were analyzed with the Structural Equation Model using IBM SPSS Amos 22.00 statistical package program. According to the findings of the study, optimism plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between self-compassion and subjective well-being. Consequently, selfcompassion affects optimism, and this effect may increase subjective well-being.
Voluntary Simplicity and the Ethics of Consumption

The increased levels of consumption that have accompanied our consumer-oriented culture have also given rise to some consumers questioning their individual consumption choices, with many opting for greater consumption simplicity. This link between consideration of actual consumption levels and consumer choices is evident among a group of consumers known as ethical consumers. Ethical consumers consider a range of ethical issues in their consumer behavioral choices. Particularly prevalent is voluntary simplification due to concerns for the extent and nature of consumption. Through the presentation of findings from two qualitative studies exploring known ethical consumers, the relationship of consumer attitudes to consumption levels, and how these attitudes impact approaches to consumer behavior, are discussed. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Green economy: Islamic social reporting for companies

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Islamic social reporting on firm value.Method - This research uses quantitative methods. The sample in this study is 13 sharia companies registered in the Jakarta Islamic Index for 2016-2020. Data analysis using multiple linear regression. Islamic social reporting as an independent variable, while the firm value is measured using Tobin's Q as the dependent variable, and firm size as a control variable.Result - The empirical results in this study found that Islamic social reporting has a positive and significant effect on firm value.Implication - Sharia companies listed in the Jakarta Islamic Index are expected to focus on Islamic principles in carrying out activities including in social aspects to increase company value as part of the company's strategy.Originality - This study combines the ISR disclosure index from several previous researchers to measure ISR disclosure in Islamic companies.
BEING CREATIVE AND RESOURCEFUL : Individuals ’ abilities and possibilities for self-management of chronic illness

Individuals’ self-management styles are crucial for how they manage to live with illness. Commonly investigated factors include social support, self-efficacy, health beliefs, and demographics. There is a gap in the literature with regard to in-depth studies of how those factors actually influence an individual’s self-management. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of selfmanagement from the perspective of individuals living with chronic illness. Interviews were conducted with 47 individuals with various chronic illnesses, some of them repeatedly over two and a half years (a total of 107 interviews). The material was analysed with; constructive grounded theory, content analysis, phenomenography, and interpretive description. The Self-management Support Model identified aspects that influenced participants’ self-management: economic and social situation, social support, views and perspectives on illness, attribution of responsibility, and ability to integrate self-management into an overall life situation. For example, individuals with a lifeoriented or disease-oriented perspective on illness prioritized different aspects of self-management. People who attributed internal responsibility performed a more complex self-management regimen than individuals who attributed external responsibility. In conclusion, individuals who were creative and resourceful had a better chance of tailoring a self-management regimen that suited them well. People in more disadvantaged positions (e.g., financial strain, limited support, or severe intrusive illness) experienced difficulty in finding a method of self-management that fit their life situation.
Model-Free Model Reconciliation Anonymous

Designing agents capable of explaining complex sequential decisions remains a significant open problem in automated decision-making. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in developing approaches for generating such explanations for various decision-making paradigms. One such approach has been the idea of explanation as model-reconciliation. The framework hypothesizes that one of the common reasons for the user’s confusion could be the mismatch between the user’s model of the task and the one used by the system to generate the decisions. While this is a general framework, most works that have been explicitly built on this explanatory philosophy have focused on settings where the model of user’s knowledge is available in a declarative form. Our goal in this paper is to adapt the model reconciliation approach to the cases where such user models are no longer explicitly provided. We present a simple and easy to learn labeling model that can help an explainer decide what information could help achieve model reconciliation between the user and the agent.
enetic diversity and natural selection of Duffy binding protein of Plasmodium ivax Korean isolates

Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein (PvDBP) is a micronemal type I membrane protein that plays an essential role in erythrocyte invasion of merozoites. PvDBP is a prime blood stage vaccine candidate antigen against P. vivax, but its polymorphic nature represents a major obstacle to the successful design of a protective vaccine against vivax malaria. In this study, we analyzed the genetic polymorphism and natural selection at the N-terminal cysteine-rich region of PvDBP (PvDBPII) among 70 P. vivax isolates collected from Korean patients during 2005–2010. Seventeen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), which resulted in 14 non-synonymous and 3 synonymous mutations, were found in PvDBPII among the Korean P. vivax isolates. Sequence analyses revealed that 13 different PvDBPII haplotypes, which were clustered into 3 distinct clades, were identified in Korean P. vivax isolates. The difference between the rates of nonsynomyous and synonymous mutations suggested that the region has evolved under natural enetic polymorphism atural selection selection. High selective pressure preferentially acted on regions identified or predicted to be Band T-cell epitopes and MHC binding regions of PvDBPII. Recombination may also contribute to genetic diversity of PvDBPII. Our results suggest that PvDBPII of Korean P. vivax isolates display a limited genetic polymorphism and are under selective pressure. These results have significant implications for understanding the nature of the P. vivax population circulating in Korea and provide useful information for development of malaria vaccines based on this antigen.
Validation of quantitative attenuation and backscattering coefficient measurements by optical coherence tomography in the concentration dependent and multiple scattering regime

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Animal Source Foods to Improve Micronutrient Nutrition and Human Function in Developing Countries Interventions for Micronutrient Deficiency Control in Developing Countries : Past , Present and Future 1

There has been an evolution in our understanding of the causes of undernutrition and of the nutrition intervention programs that should be prioritized. This article discusses why nutrition programs have shifted their primary emphasis from control of protein deficiency, to energy deficiency, and now to micronutrient deficiencies. It has become recognized by the nutrition community that micronutrient malnutrition is very widespread, and is probably the main nutritional problem in the world. The most commonly used strategies for micronutrient deficiency control are supplementation and fortification, because they are cost-effective and to some extent, relatively easy to deliver. They have important limitations, however. Relatively little emphasis has been placed on food-based approaches to control micronutrient malnutrition. Evidence from several past studies, including the Nutrition Collaborative Research Support Program (N-CRSP), indicated a strong positive association between animal source food (ASF) intake, micronutrient status, and many human functions. This association motivated the intervention studies supported by the Global Livestock CRSP and described in this supplement, which found benefits of increasing ASF intake. In contrast to the common assumption that increasing consumption of ASF in poor communities is infeasible, and will only cause environmental problems, the articles in this supplement show the potential economic benefits of animal ownership in poor communities, and provide examples of innovative programs that have increased local production and consumption. Much more communication is needed among the nutrition, agriculture and development communities to achieve improved dietary quality for poor populations. J. Nutr. 133: 3875S–3878S, 2003.
CMOS IMAGE SENSOR SENSITIVITY IMPROVEMENT VIA CUMULATIVE CROSSTALK REDUCTION

Digest: The global distortion that occurs in CMOS Image Se nsors (CIS) is manifested in information leakage from each and every physical pi xel to its surroundings or crosstalk (CTK) that might be photonic (e.g., optical, chromatic), electronic or both. This leakage degrades the spatial frequency, reduces overall sensitivity, col or separation, contrast, and leads to additional noise after the color correction procedure, which r esults in failed products. The problem becomes worse as the pixel pitch shrinks. We have developed and present a generic technique f or CIS cumulative CTK reduction which can be applied to any photosensors array situated on th e common substrate. In the proposed approach the captured signal is reo riented internally such that the photocarriers captured by the "wrong" pixels are "restored" to th e pixel they initially originated from, and the “improved” image is re/constructed without addition al signal loss. The developed generic technique suits both color and monochrome CISs inhe rently considering optical as well as electronic CTK in the array. The developed methodology considers the CTK shares existing within the investigated pixel array as “known” (e.g., acquired by direct measurements b y the spot light stimulation in three different wavelengths (e.g., ged, green, and blue), covering the visible spectrum), and enables to improve the overall sensor performance, resolution and sens itivity, i.e., improve its color sensitivity (separation/tint), increase quantum efficiency, eli minate “green disparity” (the mutual disparity of the signals obtained from the “green” pixels situat ed adjacent to the “blue” and “red” pixels correspondingly), increase effective sensor resolut ion (enlarge effective pixel count, increase sharpness, contrast, reduce blooming, smear, etc). Moreover, the presented method does not amplify and/or add signal noise, while inherently r educing the imager system noise, it improves overall sensor SNR. The proposed methodology was verified using a comme rcial advanced 2.2um pitch CIS camera, and is presented here as an example of the describe d technique applicability. Fig. 1 emphasizes the image quality and color rendering improvement a chievable by the proposed method, as well as sensor SNR improvement. Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show the significant effective resolution improvement, such that details (spatial frequencies ) that are almost undistinguishable in the original pictures can be easily resolved after the commulative CTK reduction. Fig. 2 also shows the improvement of the overall sensor sensitivity a nd contrast, blur reduction, etc. Fig.3 contains the evidence of the achievable color sensitivity im provement.
CENTRALITY DETERMINATION IN 15 GeV/u Au-Au COLLISIONS IN CBM EXPERIMENT

The aim of our analysis is to study the feasibility of centrality determination in 15 GeV/u Au-Au collisions in CBM experiment. We use two independent centrality estimators, the charge particle multiplicity and the forward energy carried by nucleons spectators. Correlation between these estimators is made and for each centrality class the average of the number of participants and the number of binary collisions have been estimated based on Glauber Monte Carlo model.
On theTime Scales of Magma Genesis, Melt Evolution, Crystal Growth Rates and Magma Degassing in the ErebusVolcano

*Correspondingauthor. Present address:WyomingHigh-Precision Isotope Laboratory, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University ofWyoming, Laramie,WY 82070, USA. E-mail: ksims7@uwyo.edu The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@ oup.com JOURNALOFPETROLOGY VOLUME 54 NUMBER 2 PAGES 235^271 2013 doi:10.1093/petrology/egs068
Handout for the CES-Seminar Talk Vortex Methods

Conventional methods for solving the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion, typically require a computational mesh of the fluid domain. If the geometry of the fluid domain takes complicated shapes, mesh generation often becomes the major bottleneck in the overall simulation process. Furthermore, exterior flow problems such as the flow around an air foil, require artificial boundary conditions or other trickery. Vortex methods are mesh-free, particle based discretisations which do not suffer from these disadvantages. Mesh-free in this context means, that only the boundaries of the computational domain—not the domain itself—needs to be described using a surface mesh. This greatly simplifies the meshing process and allows infinite domains. The aim of this text is to give an idea what vortex methods are about. The complete derivations and convergence proofs are tedious and lengthy. For more information, the author recommends the book Cottet and Koumoutsakos [1]. In this text, we follow the method described by Gharakhani and Stock [2].
Current and Emerging Technologies for Rapid Detection of Pathogens

Foodborne diseases, caused by pathogenic bacteria, have become an important social issue in the field of food safety. It presents a widespread and growing threat to human health in both developed and developing countries. As such, techniques for the detection of foodborne pathogens and waterborne pathogens are urgently needed to prevent the occurrence of human foodborne infections. Although traditional culture-based bacterial isolation and identification are the “ gold standard ” methods with high preciseness, their drawbacks in time-consuming are inadequate for rapid detection of pathogen to reduce foodborne disease occurrence. Fortunately, with the development of biotechnologies and nanotechnologies, various kinds of new technologies for rapid detection of pathogens have been developed so far, such as nucleic acid-based methods, antibody-based methods, and aptamer-based assays. In this chapter, we summarized the principles and the application of some recent rapid detection technologies for pathogenic bacteria. More-over, the advantages and disadvantages of the established and emerging rapid detection methods are addressed here.
THE ANNALS OF " DUNAREA DE JOS " UNIVERSITY OF GALATI FASCICLE

The clustering algorithms based on potential functions are capable of clustering a set of data, making no implicit assumptions on the cluster shapes and without knowing in advance the number of clusters. They are similarity-based type clustering algorithms and do not use any prototype vectors of the clusters. In this paper, some properties of these algorithms are studied: points arrangement tendency, constant potential surface, cluster shapes and robustness to noise.
THE ANNALS OF “DUNAREA DE JOS” UNIVERSITY OF GALATI

The problem of image denoising based on wavelets is considered. The paper proposes an image denoising method by imposing a distortion input parameter instead of threshold. The method has two algorithms. The first one is running off line and it is applied to the prototype of the image class and it building a specific dependency, linear or nonlinear, between the final desired distortion and the necessary probability of the details coefficients. The next algorithm, is directly applying the denoising with a threshold computed from the previous step. The threshold is estimated by using the probability density function of the details coefficients and by imposing the probability of the coefficients which will be kept. The obtained results are at the same quality level with other well known methods.
IBMP 1-1 The Role of Presenilin Associated Rhomboid-Like Transcript Variants in Leber ’ s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Expression

A primary mtDNA mutation, mt.11778G>A, is essential but not sufficient to cause blindness in Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON). This study aimed to elucidate the role of presenilin associated, rhomboid-like (PARL), a candidate nuclear modifier gene of LHON identified previously through linkage and association study. PARL transcript variants were screened using reverse transcription and gel electrophoresis to compare the difference in pattern of expression between affected and unaffected mutation carriers and non-carrier healthy normal controls. The splice variants of PARL transcripts in affected and unaffected mutation carriers and normal controls were similar. We concluded that the different isoforms of PARL transcript variants do not play a role as a modifier in LHON disease expression.
Where is the refrigerator? A spatial approach to wolverine (Gulo gulo) food hoarding behavior in Scandinavia

Food hoarding helps animals to maintain their physical condition during times of food scarcity. Wolverines (Gulo gulo) inhabitat mostly environments of low productivity, and are known to hoard food for long-term periods, to store a single food item per food cache, and to spatially spread their food caches across their home range. Few studies have been dedicated to describing the wolverine’s food hoarding behavior. We identified 303 caches from 38 individuals in four study areas in Scandinavia, by exploring clusters of GPS positions during periods of four to eight weeks, in both summer and winter, with a total of 2090 monitoring days. During summer, it was easier to identify caches than in winter, when signs of caching activity are quickly covered up by snow. We studied the wolverine’s cache dispersion by means of a Complete Spatial Randomness test, identified their preferred caching habitat through resource selection modelling with conditional logistic regression, and applied linear mixed-effect models to study the caching distance between sources and caches. Wolverines hoarded food in both seasons and widely spaced their caches, occasionally clustering them in parts of their home range. Their optimal caching habitat was located in steep rugged terrain with plentiful vertical structure that offerered suitable micro-habitat. Wolverines did not cache further away from food sources to maximize cache habitat suitability. If a different carnivores species killed a prey animal, wolverines cached closer to a source. Ultimately the food hoarding behavior of wolverines is an adaptive response to survive periods of food scarcity.