Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactions between impact‐induced vapor clouds and the ambient atmosphere: 2. Theoretical modeling

[1] Interaction between impact-induced vapor clouds and the ambient atmosphere may play an important role in planetary evolution. In the companion study, Sugita and Schultz [2003] conducted a series of impact experiments detailing observation of this interaction process. The laboratory experiments using diatomic molecular spectroscopy provide several well-defined observational constraints on this process. In this study, we examine five different physical models for the interaction process against these observational constraints. Calculation results reveal that the observed high-temperature radiation could not come from either the impact-induced vapor or the shock front between impact vapor and the ambient atmosphere. Rather, the radiation is attributed to ablation vapor from the surface of small, high-speed fragments of the projectile entrained in the impact vapor cloud. Calculations with a simple ablation model indicate that the observed small ambient-pressure dependence of the initial radiation temperature requires a very large heat of vaporization. The estimated heat of vaporization is comparable to dissociation energy for formation of carbon radicals from the polymer of projectile fragments. The small dependence of radiation temperature on atmospheric composition strongly suggests that the majority of radiation comes from extremely small impact fragments whose size is comparable to the mean free path of ambient atmosphere (i.e., free-molecular flow regime). These results have a wide range of potential implications for planetary science, including augmentation of impact vapor/melt production in a thick atmosphere; production of metastable chemical compounds in ablation vapor around high-speed impact fragments; and intense downrange radiation from an oblique impact.
Improving Multi-Class Support Vector Machines Training

looking at the training computational time factor. This paper presents mathematical foundation of multi-class support vector machines and the evolution of the problem formulation aiming to reduce the training time by improving the optimization algorithms. We then have a look at a new cutting plane algorithm that accelerates the training process while achieving good out-of-the-box performance in linear time. The cutting plane algorithm is first implemented as a standalone java executable in order to study its effectiveness in reducing the computational time.
Optimal Duration of Monitoring for Atrial Fibrillation in Cryptogenic Stroke: A Nonsystematic Review

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of cardiac arrhythmias and an independent risk factor for stroke. Despite major advances in monitoring strategies, clinicians tend to miss the diagnoses of AF and especially paroxysmal AF due mainly to its asymptomatic presentation and the rather limited duration dedicated for monitoring for AF after a stroke, which is 24 hours as per the current recommended guidelines. Hence, determining the optimal duration of monitoring for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after acute ischemic stroke remains a matter of debate. Multiple trials were published in regard to this matter using both invasive and noninvasive monitoring strategies for different monitoring periods. The data provided by these trials showcase strong evidence suggesting a longer monitoring strategy beyond 24 hours is associated with higher detection rates of AF, with the higher percentage of patients detected consequently receiving proper secondary stroke prevention with anticoagulation and thus justifying the cost-effectiveness of such measures. Overall, we thus conclude that increasing the monitoring duration for AF after a cryptogenic stroke to at least 72 hours will indeed enhance the detection rates, but the cost-effectiveness of this monitoring strategy compared to longer monitoring durations is yet to be established.
Using the Selected Candidate Vectors to Determine Kernel Parameters

This paper proposes an improved scheme of using the inter-cluster distance in the feature space to choose the kernel parameters. First, the candidate vectors of the training set are selected. Then calculate the inter-cluster distance between classes to choose the proper kernel parameters. Finally the selected kernel parameters are used to train the Support Vector Machine (SVM) models. The basic principle is that the Support Vector (SV) set contains all information necessary to solve a given classification task. Experiment results show that our scheme costs much less computation time. Moreover, suitable kernel parameters can also be selected at the same time.
Influences of Temperament, Symbolic Gesture, and Caregiver Beliefs on Infant Emotional Expression

The purpose of the cross-sectional study was to analyze the relationships of infant temperament, communication through symbolic gesture, caregiver beliefs with emotional expression in infants. Participants were the parents and childcare teachers of sixteen infants and toddlers, between the ages of six and 25 months, currently enrolled at the University of Arkansas child development study center. The independent and combined influence of infant temperament, use of symbolic gestures, and the beliefs of parents and teachers were significantly related to infants’ emotional expression in the study. Parent-reported scores of emotional expression competence were positively correlated to teacher-reported positive temperament levels (r = .65, p = .01) and parent-reported use of symbolic gesture (r = .53, p = .05). Parent-reported scores of emotional expression competence were negatively correlated to both parent-reported and teacher-reported negative temperament (r = -.62, p = .01). However, the use of symbolic gesture did not moderate the influence of negative temperament on emotional expression in parentreported (r = -.14, r = -.14) or teacher-reported (r = -.11, r = .22). Awareness of baby sign language was significantly related to emotional expression for parents (r = .55, p = .03), but not for teachers (r = .17, p = .54). Results revealed that emotional expression competence in infants was influenced by internal positive temperament and the external use of symbolic gesture as a communicative tool. Parent and teacher beliefs on caregiving and the development of infants and toddlers had a positive effect on positive emotional expression in infants.
Discovering aspect-based correlation of Web contents for cross-media information retrieval

The main issue regarding cross-media information retrieval is the determination of correlations between different types of media objects. The conventional approach derives the correlations based on common properties extracted from media contents or synchronous presentation of multiple media pre-authored in a scheduled scenario. We propose a novel approach for determining the cross-media correlation derived from the referential contexts of media objects in the Web. A Web page links to the media objects distributed over the Web so that it aggregates them with respect to the page content. Our approach extracts the referential context by analyzing the logical structure of the Web and discovers the aspect of a media object, which means the latent semantics of the referential context. The aspect-based correlation reveals the relation between media objects regarding their reputations on the Web. In this paper, we propose an approach for discovering aspect-based correlations with an experimental implementation
The Link between e-Waste and GDP—New Insights from Data from the Pan-European Region

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is difficult to sustainably manage. One key issue is the challenge of planning for WEEE flows as current and future quantities of waste are difficult to predict. To address this, WEEE generation and gross domestic product (GDP) data from 50 countries of the pan-European region were assessed. A high economic elasticity was identified, indicating that WEEE and GDP are closely interlinked. More detailed analyses revealed that GDP at purchasing power parity (GDP PPP) is a more meaningful measure when looking at WEEE flows, as a linear dependency between WEEE generation and GDP PPP was identified. This dependency applies to the whole region, regardless of the economic developmental stage of individual countries. In the pan-European region, an increase of 1000 international $ GDP PPP means an additional 0.5 kg WEEE is generated that requires management.
Multiple Cellular Responses to Serotonin Contribute to Epithelial Homeostasis

Epithelial homeostasis incorporates the paradoxical concept of internal change (epithelial turnover) enabling the maintenance of anatomical status quo. Epithelial cell differentiation and cell loss (cell shedding and apoptosis) form important components of epithelial turnover. Although the mechanisms of cell loss are being uncovered the crucial triggers that modulate epithelial turnover through regulation of cell loss remain undetermined. Serotonin is emerging as a common autocrine-paracine regulator in epithelia of multiple organs, including the breast. Here we address whether serotonin affects epithelial turnover. Specifically, serotonin's roles in regulating cell shedding, apoptosis and barrier function of the epithelium. Using in vivo studies in mouse and a robust model of differentiated human mammary duct epithelium (MCF10A), we show that serotonin induces mammary epithelial cell shedding and disrupts tight junctions in a reversible manner. However, upon sustained exposure, serotonin induces apoptosis in the replenishing cell population, causing irreversible changes to the epithelial membrane. The staggered nature of these events induced by serotonin slowly shifts the balance in the epithelium from reversible to irreversible. These finding have very important implications towards our ability to control epithelial regeneration and thus address pathologies of aberrant epithelial turnover, which range from degenerative disorders (e.g.; pancreatitis and thyrioditis) to proliferative disorders (e.g.; mastitis, ductal ectasia, cholangiopathies and epithelial cancers).
Reduced Hippocampal Volume in Healthy Young ApoE4 Carriers: An MRI Study

The E4 allele of the ApoE gene has consistently been shown to be related to an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The E4 allele is also associated with functional and structural grey matter (GM) changes in healthy young, middle-aged and older subjects. Here, we assess volumes of deep grey matter structures of 22 healthy younger ApoE4 carriers and 22 non-carriers (20–38 years). Volumes of the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen, thalamus and brain stem were calculated by FMRIB's Integrated Registration and Segmentation Tool (FIRST) algorithm. A significant drop in volume was found in the right hippocampus of ApoE4 carriers (ApoE4+) relative to non-carriers (ApoE4−), while there was a borderline significant decrease in the volume of the left hippocampus of ApoE4 carriers. The volumes of no other structures were found to be significantly affected by genotype. Atrophy has been found to be a sensitive marker of neurodegenerative changes, and our results show that within a healthy young population, the presence of the ApoE4+ carrier gene leads to volume reduction in a structure that is vitally important for memory formation. Our results suggest that the hippocampus may be particularly vulnerable to further degeneration in ApoE4 carriers as they enter middle and old age. Although volume reductions were noted bilaterally in the hippocampus, atrophy was more pronounced in the right hippocampus. This finding relates to previous work which has noted a compensatory increase in right hemisphere activity in ApoE4 carriers in response to preclinical declines in memory function. Possession of the ApoE4 allele may lead to greater predilection for right hemisphere atrophy even in healthy young subjects in their twenties.
Concurrent and Distributed CloudSim Simulations

Cloud Computing researches involve a tremendous amount of entities such as users, applications, and virtual machines. Due to the limited access and often variable availability of such resources, researchers have their prototypes tested against the simulation environments, opposed to the real cloud environments. Existing cloud simulation environments such as CloudSim and EmuSim are executed sequentially, where a more advanced cloud simulation tool could be created extending them, leveraging the latest technologies as well as the availability of multi-core computers and the clusters in the research laboratories. This research seeks to develop Cloud2Sim, a concurrent and distributed cloud simulator, extending CloudSim while exploiting the features provided by Hazel cast, Infinispan and Hibernate Search to distribute the storage and execution of the simulation.
Publication Ethics—Moral Principles and Cultural Dissonance

The incidence of academic misconduct in publishing appears to be increasing and is creating a moral outrage. This papers looks at two contributing factors: the collision of different understandings of what is and what is not, acceptable, and the increasing pressure on students and faculty to publish. It concludes that detection and punishment are not the sole solution to the problem: we need better education in publication ethics and the responsibility for that must be shared between journal and research supervisors.
The emergence of perceptual category representations in young infants: a connectionist analysis.

There has been recent interest in the idea that principles governing learning in connectionist networks can form the basis for an alternative understanding of developmental processes (Elman, Bates, Karmiloff-Smith, Johnson, Parisi, & Plunkett, 1996). The present paper can be viewed as a case example of the usefulness (and limitations) of connectionist modeling for the study of infant cognition. Specifically, the paper reports on a series of connectionist models designed to analyze the factors responsible for the emergence of global-level and basic-level category representations in young infants. The models (1) simulated the formation of global-level and basic-level representations, (2) revealed a global-to-basic order of category emergence, (3) uncovered the formation of two distinct global-level representations-an initial "self-organizing" perceptual global level and a subsequently "trained" arbitrary (i.e., nonperceptual) global level, and (4) displayed a gradual transition from perceptual global-level to perceptual basic-level representation with increasing exposure to training stimuli. Hypotheses for empirical investigations of category development in infants that follow from the modeling efforts are discussed.
Affect computing in film through sound energy dynamics

We develop an algorithm for the detection and classification of affective sound events underscored by specific patterns of sound energy dynamics. We relate the portrayal of these events to proposed high level affect or emotional coloring of the events. In this paper, four possible characteristic sound energy events are identified that convey well established meanings through their dynamics to portray and deliver certain affect, sentiment related to the horror film genre. Our algorithm is developed with the ultimate aim of automatically structuring sections of films that contain distinct shades of emotion related to horror themes for nonlinear media access and navigation. An average of 82% of the energy events, obtained from the analysis of the audio tracks of sections of four sample films corresponded correctly to the proposed affect. While the discrimination between certain sound energy event types was low, the algotithm correctly detected 71% of the occurrences of the sound energy events within audio tracks of the films analyzed, and thus forms a useful basis for determining affective scenes characteristic of horror in movies.
Automatic Parallelization of Kernels in Shared-Memory Multi-GPU Nodes

In this paper we present AMGE, a programming framework and runtime system that transparently decomposes GPU kernels and executes them on multiple GPUs in parallel. AMGE exploits the remote memory access capability in modern GPUs to ensure that data can be accessed regardless of its physical location, allowing our runtime to safely decompose and distribute arrays across GPU memories. It optionally performs a compiler analysis that detects array access patterns in GPU kernels. Using this information, the runtime can perform more efficient computation and data distribution configurations than previous works. The GPU execution model allows AMGE to hide the cost of remote accesses if they are kept below 5%. We demonstrate that a thread block scheduling policy that distributes remote accesses through the whole kernel execution further reduces their overhead. Results show 1.98× and 3.89× execution speedups for 2 and 4 GPUs for a wide range of dense computations compared to the original versions on a single GPU.
Discriminative training of auditory filters of different shapes for robust speech recognition

The bank-of-filters spectrum analysis model is commonly used in the extraction of acoustic features for automatic speech recognition. The most critical component in the analysis model is a bank of bandpass filters. We studied a data-driven approach to designing a bank of "optimal" filters of various shapes discriminatively so that the recognition error of a task is minimized. Three different shapes of varying degree of constraints were investigated: (1) parametric Gaussian filters; (2) non-parametric but constrained triangular-like filters; and (3) non-parametric and unconstrained free-formed filters. Filters were trained to derive the new robust auditory features proposed by the Bell Labs. In addition, both the filters (and thus the ensuing acoustic features) and the acoustic model parameters were discriminatively trained. The major result is that our proposed triangular-like filters perform at least as well as the free-formed filters and perform better than the Gaussian filters.
Second-chance offers

Second-chance offers By Rodney J. Garratt and Thomas Tr¨oger ∗ February 20, 2013 Abstract We study the second-price offer feature of eBay auctions in which the seller has multiple units. Perhaps surprisingly, the opportunity to make second-chance offers can reduce seller profit. This happens if her marginal cost function is sufficiently steep. Hence, sellers should be wary about the possibility that buyers anticipate second-chance offers, and it may be advantageous for a seller to acquire a reputation for not making second-chance offers. (JEL D44, D82) Keywords: Second-price auction, second-chance offer, eBay, optimal auction Introduction eBay has become one of the most important market places for retail goods worldwide. Yet important aspects of the strategic bidding incentives in eBay auctions remain unexplored. eBay’s main sales mechanism is closely related to a second-price auction, which has been extensively studied. There are, however, important dissimilarities to a standard second-price Garratt: Department of Economics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 (email: gar- ratt@econ.ucsb.edu); Tr¨ oger: Department of Economics, University of Mannheim, L7, 3-5 68131 Mannheim, Germany (email: troeger@uni-mannheim.de). We thank seminar participants at the 2012 Southwest Eco- nomic Theory meetings in San Diego and the University of Western Ontario for helpful comments. Financial support from the German Science Foundation (DFG) through SFB/TR 15 “Governance and the Efficiency of Economic Systems” and NSF grant SES-0851357 is gratefully acknowledged.
A Case Study Investigating Teacher Perceptions of Obstacles Faced by Eighth-Grade Latino Males

3 Dedication . 4 Acknowledgments . 5 List of Tables . 9 List of Abbreviations . 10 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 11 Overview . 11 Background . 11 Situation to Self . 13 Problem Statement . 14 Purpose Statement . 16 Significance of the Study . 16 Research Questions . 17 Definitions . 19 Summary . 20 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 21 Overview . 21 Theoretical Framework . 21 Related Literature . 26 Summary . 49 CHAPTER THREE: METHODS . 51 7 Overview . 51 Design . 51 Research Questions . 52 Setting . 53 Participants . 53 Procedures . 54 The Researcher’s Role . 55 Data Collection . 56 Data Analysis . 65 Trustworthiness . 66 Ethical Considerations . 68 Summary . 68 CHAPTER FOUR: FINDINGS.69 Overview . 69 Participants . 71 Results . 80 Summary . 98 CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION.100 Overview . 100 Summary of Findings . 100 Discussion . 102 Implications . 109 Delimitations and Limitations . 112 8 Recommendations for Future Research . 113 Summary . 114 REFERENCES . 115 APPENDIX A: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS . 128 APPENDIX B: OBSERVATION GUIDE . 130 APPENDIX C: FOCUS GROUP QUESTIONS . 131 APPENDIX D: IRB APPROVAL LETTER . 132 APPENDIX E: STAMPED CONSENT FORM . 133 APPENDIX F: SCHOOL DISTRICT PERMISSION LETTER . 135
A phase I trial of panobinostat (LBH589) in patients with metastatic melanoma

Epigenetic alterations by histone/protein deacetylases (HDACs) are one of the many mechanisms that cancer cells use to alter gene expression and promote growth. HDAC inhibitors have proven to be effective in the treatment of specific malignancies, particularly in combination with other anticancer agents. We conducted a phase I trial of panobinostat in patients with unresectable stage III or IV melanoma. Patients were treated with oral panobinostat at a dose of 30 mg daily on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays (Arm A). Three of the six patients on this dose experienced clinically significant thrombocytopenia requiring dose interruption. Due to this, a second treatment arm was opened and the dose was changed to 30 mg oral panobinostat three times a week every other week (Arm B). Six patients were treated on Arm A and 10 patients were enrolled to Arm B with nine patients treated. In nine patients treated on Arm B, the response rate was 0% (90% confidence interval [CI]: 0–28%) and the disease‐control rate was 22% (90% CI: 4–55%). Among all 15 patients treated, the overall response rate was 0% (90% CI: 0–17%) and the disease‐control rate was 27% (90% CI: 10–51%). There was a high rate of toxicity associated with treatment. Correlative studies suggest the presence of immune modifications after HDAC inhibition. Panobinostat is not active as a single agent in the treatment of melanoma. Further exploration of this agent in combination with other therapies may be warranted.
An Algorithm to Evaluate Quanti ed Boolean Formulae

The high computational complexity of advanced reasoning tasks such as belief revision and planning calls for eecient and reliable algorithms for reasoning problems harder than NP. In this paper we propose Evaluate , an algorithm for evaluating Quantiied Boolean Formulae, a language that extends propositional logic in a way such that many advanced forms of propo-sitional reasoning, e.g., reasoning about knowledge, can be easily formulated as evaluation of a QBF. Algorithms for evaluation of QBFs are suitable for the experimental analysis on a wide range of complexity classes, a property not easily found in other formalisms. Evaluate is based on a generalization of the Davis-Putnam procedure for SAT, and is guaranteed to work in polynomial space. Before presenting Evaluate , we discuss all the abstract properties of QBFs that we singled out to make the algorithm more ee-cient. We also brieey mention the main results of the experimental analysis, which is reported elsewhere.