Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sobre algunas Gelidiáceas nuevas o poco conocidas de las costas españolas

espanolEn esta comunicacion damos a conocer una nueva localidad de la isla de Tenerife para Gelidiella tinerfensis J. Seoane-Camba, e igualmente se cita Gelidiella tenuissimaJ. Feldmann y G. Hamel en San Vicente de La Barquera (Santander) como nueva localidad para las costas espanolas. Se hace un estudio comparativo de Gelidium cartilagineum (L.) Gaillon, procedente de El Cabo, y Gelidium cartilagineum (L.) Gaillon var. canariensis Grunow de Tenerife, llegando a la conclusion de que las posibles afinidades morfologicas e histologicas entre ambos taxa no existen, o son tan lacias como las que pueden existir entre cualesquiera especies de Gelidium. Por ello proponemos el nombre de Gelidium canariensis (Grunow) nov. sp. para la planta canaria. Finalmente se describe una nueva especie de Gelidium, encontrada en la costa cantabrica de la Peninsula Iberica, con el nombre de Gelidium cantabricum nov. sp. EnglishIn this paper a new locality of Tenerife Island is made known for Gelidiella tinerfensis J. Seoane-Camba. Likewise, San Vicente de La Barquera (Santander) is made known as a new locality in the spanish shore for Gelidiella tenuissima J. Feldmann y G. Hamel. On the other hand a comparative study between Gelidium cartilagineum (L.) Gaillon, from El Cabo, and Gelidium cartilagineum (L.) Gaillon var. canariensis Grunow, from Tenerife, is made. We conclude that both taxa are different species and we propose the name Gelidium canariensis (Grunow) nov. sp. for the canary plant. Finally we describe a new species of Gelidium, that has been find at Cantabria, with the name Gelidium cantabricum nov. sp.
Improving National and Homeland Security Through Context Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Technologies

In the aftermath of the 9/11 tragedy it has became clear that the lack of effective information exchange among government agencies hindered the capability of identifying potential threats and preventing terrorism actions. It has been noted by the National Research Council that Although there are many private and public databases that contain information potentially relevant to counterterrorism programs, they lack the necessary context definitions (i.e., metadata) and access tools to enable interoperation with other databases and the extraction of meaningful and timely information1. This report clearly recognized the important problem that the semantic data integration research community has been studying. In this chapter, we describe the Laboratory for Information Globalization and Harmonization Technologies (LIGHT) developed at MIT. LIGHT arises from previous research, most notably the COntext INterchange (COIN) context mediation technology and the Global System for Sustainable Development (GSSD). Context Mediation technology addresses the above problem and deals directly with the integration of heterogeneous contexts (i.e. data meaning) in a flexible, scalable and extensible environment. This approach makes it easier and more transparent for receivers (e.g., applications, sensors, users) to exploit distributed sources (e.g., databases, web, information repositories, sensors). In this paper we define context as the assumptions of the source and receiver that affect correct interpretation of the meaning of the information. Receivers are able to specify their desired context so that there will be no uncertainty in the interpretation of the information coming from heterogeneous sources. The COIN context knowledge representation approach and associated reasoning tools significantly reduce the overhead involved in the integration of multiple sources and simplifies maintenance in an environment of changing source and receiver context. This technology is essential in the counter-terrorism environment in a number of areas including: (1) allowing for receivers (i.e., applications, analysts) to have multiple views of the same data (e.g., different semantic assumptions - two analysts may have a different meaning for Soviet Union depending on the application), (2) allowing for the collection of information into a single data warehouse, and (3) use in a dynamic federated environment where applications may have changing contexts and sources are added and removed from the grid. This approach is essential to the agile integration of information to support counter terrorism.
Assumed Quaternary maar structure at the Czech/German border between Mytina and Neualbenreuth (western Eger Rift, Central Europe): geophysical, petrochemical and geochronological indications

After investigation of a tuff-tephra deposit near Mýtina (Czech Republic) by GEISSLER et al. (2004) it was not clear if the pyroclastic deposits were erupted from an initial maar beneath the Zelezná hurka scoria cone. GEISSLER et al. (2004) speculated that the volcanic vent might coincide with a morphological depression (diameter ca. 500 m, depth ca. 50 m) northwest of Zelezná hurka. To answer this question we started geophysical and geochronological research and specification of former petrochemical test research according to GEISSLER et al. (2004). Geophysical investigation was performed in order to check if the morphological depression exhibits any anomalous features. Gravity and magnetic measurements were selected as the most suitable techniques, and applied within a north-south oriented strip of about 1200 m length and 200 m width. Both geophysical datasets revealed significant anomalies. The gravity map shows a distinct gravity low of about 2.5 mGal in the centre of the morphological depression. The magnetic map exhibits a positive anomaly up to 300 nT, most likely related to identical source as the gravity anomaly. As there is no specific feature present in the geological map of the area, we propose a volcanic structure (maar-diatreme), filled by volcanic material and covered by alluvium and possibly maar sediments as a source of geophysical indications. A simple 3D density model fits the observed data, based on low density of such volcanic vent fill material and sediments. The results of geophysical, geochronological and petrochemical investigation support our idea that between Mýtina/Czech Republic and Neualbenreuth/Germany a Quaternary maar is present, as part of a more complex NW–SE striking volcanic system, comparable to the Meerfeld-Mosberg volcanic system in the Westeifel/Germany, rather than just the single little scoria cone of the Zelezná hurka itself. The best Ar-Ar age estimate for the eruption of the Mýtina Maar is 288 ± 17 Ka. The Mýtina Maar is the first Quaternary maar in Central Europe located east of the classical Eifel maar district in Germany and north of the Alps.
Profile analysis techniques for observation-based software testing

Observation-based testing is a software-testing paradigm based on the idea of observing the behavior of the program when executed under a variety of test cases. The runtime behavior of a program can be summarized in profiles, which can then be analyzed for a variety of purposes useful for the tester. This dissertation presents techniques for test suite visualization, test case selection and test case prioritization based on profile data and includes extensive experiments on large, real-world applications to compare these techniques with ones from the literature. Test suite visualization is the application of multivariate visualization techniques to profile data in order to visually study the composition of the test suite and its interaction with the program. Two techniques are examined for this purpose, Correspondence Analysis and Multidimensional Scaling, and a novel algorithm for the latter is presented and studied. Example applications of test suite visualization are provided. Test case selection is the problem of selecting a small set of tests from a large test suite such that the most defects are revealed when this subset is executed. Test case prioritization is the problem of finding an optimal scheduling of the tests in a test suite so that the number of defects found earlier during testing is maximized. Other researchers have tried to address these problems using profile information, by looking at the amount of code executed by a subset of tests. Dickinson proposed some methods for test-case selection that consider the distribution of the profiles in the profile space by using cluster analysis on the profiles. This work was later extended in conjunction with the author. These methods will be presented in this work, together with novel methods for test case prioritization. Experimental validations and comparisons of all of these methods will be presented, including comparison criteria that were missing from earlier work. The results suggest that profile analysis is a useful tool for software testers, and that studying the distribution of tests in a profile space can be more beneficial than concentrating on code coverage.
Effect of Temperature on the Extraction of β-Glucan from Different Jeju Barley Varieties

The effect of different temperatures (45, 55, 65, and 75°C) on the extraction of β-glucan and the properties of extracted β-glucan were investigated with four different varieties of barley. Jeju naked barley, blue barley, beer barley, and black barley contained 6.85, 5.13, 3.58, and 4.16% of β-glucan, respectively. β-Glucan in barley was extracted in the range of 64.88 to 93.84% depending on the extraction temperature and barley variety. The β-glucans in Jeju naked barley, Jeju blue barley, and black barley were optimally extracted at 65°C for 3 h and Jeju beer barley at 75°C. The extracted β-glucan resolubilized to 43.48-81.73% and the ratio of β(1→3) to β(1→4) linkage was in the range of 1:3.8-5.8. These results suggest that purification and properties of β-glucan depend not only on the water extraction temperature, but also on the barley variety.
Aquatic community persistence and variability: a palaeolimnological perspective

The ecological themes that can be addressed by an analysis of the sediment record include species and assemblage persistence and antiquity, rates and directions of change in lake-basin morphometry. Suggests that contemporary short-term seasonal and inter-annual studies cannot be fully understood without a consideration of the medium-term decadal and longer trajectories provided by palaeoecological analyses. -from Authors
Has the credit default swap market lowered the cost of corporate debt

There have been widespread claims that credit derivatives such as the credit default swap (CDS) have lowered the cost of firms’ debt financing by creating for investors new hedging opportunities and information. However, these instruments also give banks an opaque means to sever links to their borrowers, thus reducing lender incentives to screen and monitor. In this paper, we evaluate the effect that the onset of CDS trading has on the spreads that underlying firms pay at issue when they seek funding in the corporate bond and syndicated loan markets. Employing matched-sample methods, we find no evidence that the onset of CDS trading affects the cost of debt financing for the average borrower. However, we do find economically significant adverse effects to risky and informationally-opaque firms. It appears that the onset of CDS trading reduces the effectiveness of the lead bank’s retained share in resolving any asymmetric information problems that exist between a lead bank and non-lead participants in a loan syndicate. On the plus side, we do find that CDS trading has a small positive effect on spreads at issue for transparent and safe firms, in which the lead bank’s share is much less important. Moreover, we document that the benefit of CDS trading on spreads increases once the market becomes sufficiently liquid. In sum, while CDS trading has contributed to the completeness of markets, it has also created new problems by reducing the effectiveness of lead banks’ loan shares as a monitoring device—thus creating a need for regulatory intervention.
Proposed Parameters for a Circular Particle Accelerator for Proton Beam Therapy Obtained by Genetic Algorithm

This paper brings to light optimized proposal for a circular particle accelerator for proton beam therapy purposes (named as ACPT). The methodology applied is based on computational metaheuristics based on genetic algorithms (GA) were used to obtain optimized parameters of the equipment. Some fundamental concepts in the metaheuristics developed in Matlab® software will be presented. Four parameters were considered for the proposed modeling for the equipment, being: potential difference, magnetic field, length and radius of the resonant cavity. As result, this article showed optimized parameters for two ACPT, one of them used for ocular radiation therapy, as well some parameters that will allow teletherapy, called in order ACPT – 65 and ACPT – 250, obtained through metaheuristics based in GA.
A depth average SPH model including μ(I) rheology and crushing for rock avalanches

Classical depth‐integrated smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) models for avalanches are extended in the present work to include a μ(I)− rheological model enriched with a fragmentation law. With this improvement, the basal friction becomes grain distribution dependent. Rock avalanches, where grain distribution tends to change with time while propagating, are the appropriate type of landslide to apply the new numerical proposal. The μ(I)− rheological models considered in the present work are those of Hatano and Gray, combined with two different fragmentation laws, a hyperbolic and a fractal‐based law. As an application, Frank avalanche, which took place in Canada in 1903, is analyzed under the scope of the present approach, focusing in the influence of the rheological and fragmentation laws in the evolution of the avalanche.
Remote Assessment of Ocean Color for Interpretation of Satellite Visible Imagery: A Review

An assessment is presented of the state-of-the-art of remote, (satellite-based) Coastal Zone Color (CZCS) Scanning of color variations in the ocean due to phytoplankton. Attention is given to physical problems associated with ocean color remote sensing, in-water algorithms for the correction of atmospheric effects, constituent retrieval algorithms and application of the algorithms to CZCS imagery. The applicability of CZCS to both near-coast and mid-ocean waters is considered, and it is concluded that while differences between the two environments are complex, universal algorithms can be used for the case of mid-ocean waters, and site-specific algorithms are adequate for CZCS imaging of the near-coast oceanic environment. A short description of CVCS and some sample photographs are provided in an appendix.
Common structure in the heterogeneity of plant-matter decay

Carbon removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis is released back by respiration. Although some organic carbon is degraded quickly, older carbon persists; consequently carbon stocks are much larger than predicted by initial decomposition rates. This disparity can be traced to a wide range of first-order decay-rate constants, but the rate distributions and the mechanisms that determine them are unknown. Here, we pose and solve an inverse problem to find the rate distributions corresponding to the decomposition of plant matter throughout North America. We find that rate distributions are lognormal, with a mean and variance that depend on climatic conditions and substrate. Changes in temperature and precipitation scale all rates similarly, whereas the initial substrate composition sets the time scale of faster rates. These findings probably result from the interplay of stochastic processes and biochemical kinetics, suggesting that the intrinsic variability of decomposers, substrate and environment results in a predictable distribution of rates. Within this framework, turnover times increase exponentially with the kinetic heterogeneity of rates, thereby providing a theoretical expression for the persistence of recalcitrant organic carbon in the natural environment.
Tracking changes in dissolved natural organic matter composition

During the last decades, the abundance of dissolved organic matter (DOM), a complex heterogeneous mixture of organic compounds, has increased in many surface waters in Northern Europe and North America. Surface waters are widely used as raw water sources for drinking water production. Increasing DOM is problematic for water treatment plants (WTPs) due to e.g. increased coagulant demand and because its constituents act as precursors for potentially harmful disinfection by-products. Many WTPs employing conventional treatment are currently struggling to maintain sufficient DOM removal, and are considering additional novel techniques. In this thesis, changes in the DOM composition were investigated during i) conventional water treatment and disinfection practices, ii) pilot scale studies of novel processes (nanofiltration and ion exchange), and iii) transport in a large Swedish boreal lake. Analytical techniques used include common spectroscopic methods (absorbance and fluorescence), and more advanced molecular level techniques (ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry). Results show that coagulation was highly selective towards oxidized DOM components, and that the removed fraction resembled terrestrial endmembers. Meanwhile, DOM with microbial endmember characteristics, which correlated with chemically reduced DOM components, was especially reactive during slow sand filtration. After disinfection, 499 different chlorine-containing by-products were identified, of which many had not been reported in the literature earlier. Both nanofiltration and ion exchange removed more DOM than coagulation, and components with a wider range of chemical properties. Both techniques were, however, most efficiently removing terrestrial DOM. In the studied large boreal lake, terrestrial, aromatic compounds were lost over time, while no significant net in-lake production occurred. Decreasing components overlapped largely with those removed during coagulation treatment at WTPs, indicating that coagulation had contributed significantly to DOM removal within the lake, especially considering a concurrent loss of dissolved iron.
Calibration iso-pathlength point in cylindrical tissue geometry: comparing steady state photon diffusion to Monte Carlo simulation

Light-tissue interactions are commonly studied for near infra-red (NIR) spectroscopy for imaging and diagnosis. While imaging is bound to the surface due to the high tissue scattering, many diagnosis methods, such as the photoplethysmograph (PPG) and pulse oximeter, focus on sensing instead of imaging. There are two approaches for the investigation of light-tissue interactions: one numerical and the other analytical. The most common numerical method is the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, which is a statistical study of photon migration from the optical properties of the different tissue regions. However, the yield of such statistical approaches is limited. Analytical methods are commonly based on the diffusion theory, yet they are inaccurate near the light source. There are several solution methods, where extrapolated boundary conditions lead to a more accurate solution. Previously, we proposed measuring the full scattering profile (FSP), which is the angular intensity distribution, of cylindrical tissues. MC simulations revealed that the FSP has a fixed intensity point, named the iso-pathlength (IPL) point, which does not depend on the reduced scattering coefficient. The location of this point depends solely on the geometry. In this study, we derived the FSP from the steady state diffusion theory based on the extrapolated zeroboundary condition. A comparison of different reduced scattering coefficients revealed the IPL point, where the intensity remains constant. Furthermore, a MC simulation was performed under the same geometry and optical properties. We show that the position of the IPL according to the diffusion theory is in agreement with the MC simulation.
miRVim: Three-dimensional miRNA Structure Data Server

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a distinct category of non-coding RNAs, exert multifaceted regulatory functions in a variety of organisms, including humans, animals, and plants. The inventory of identified miRNAs stands at approximately 60,000 among all species and 1,926 in Homo sapiens manifests miRNA expression. Their theranostic role has been explored by researchers over the last few decades, positioning them as prominent therapeutic targets as our understanding of RNA targeting advances. However, the limited availability of experimentally determined miRNA structures has constrained drug discovery efforts relying on virtual screening or computational methods, including machine learning. To address this limitation, miRVim has been developed, providing a repository of human miRNA structures derived from both two-dimensional (MXFold2, CentroidFold, and RNAFold) and three-dimensional (RNAComposer and 3dRNA) structure prediction algorithms, in addition to experimentally available structures from the RCSB PDB repository. This data server aims to facilitate computational data analysis for drug discovery, opening new avenues for advancing technologies such as machine learning-based predictions in the field. The publicly accessible structures provided by miRVim, available at https://mirna.in/miRVim, offer a valuable resource for the research community, advancing the field of miRNA-related computational analysis and drug discovery.
CERITE FROM MOUNTAIN PASS, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

Cerite, a silicate of cerium and lanthanum, occurs with bastnaesite in one of the rareearth-bearing veins of the Mountain Pass district, California. The deposits of rare-earth minerals are in a mineralized zone in shonkinite in an area of Precambrian metamorphic rocks. The minerals associated with cerite are: bastnaesite, barite, quartz, chalcedony, calcite, galena, and altered acmite. Cerite is verona brown and occurs in massive form and in crystals. The crystals are pseudo-octahedral and range in size from 2 to 7 mm. The mineral has a resinous luster, a hardness greater than 5, and no observable cleavage. It gelatinizes in hot acid. The specific gravity as determined on the Berman microbalance is 4.78+0.11. The mineral is uniaxial positive, and the indices of refraction are o:1.806 and e:1.808. X-ray singie-crystai studies show that the crystals are rhombohedral rather than orthorhombic as suggested by Nordenskidld, and have the following characteristics: space group R3-c(D3a6) or R3c(C3,6);hexagonal o:10.78+0.08 A, c:38.03+0.27. Crystal forms present are c{0003}, e[01T21. The chemical analysis of purified material, after about 4 per cent of impurities are subtracted, is interpreted in terms of chemical, physical and crystallographic properties to give the tentative formula: (Ca, Mg)1(RE)8[(SiOr? _,(FCOt,l