Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of self-MHC and non-MHC antigens on the selection of an antigen-specific T cell receptor repertoire.

We have examined the influence of self-Ag on TCR expression and specificity in the immune response to the Ag pigeon cytochrome c. Previous work has shown that most Ek-restricted cytochrome c-specific T cells from B10 background mice express TCR alpha beta-heterodimers encoded by V beta 3 and V alpha 11 genes, but that T cells expressing V beta 3 proteins are eliminated due to self-tolerance in Mls-2a mouse strains. Thus, EK-restricted cytochrome c-specific T cells from Mls-2a mice fail to express any V beta 3. In the current study the influence of self-MHC and non-MHC Ag on TCR usage in the immune response to cytochrome c was further examined. First, it was demonstrated that the absence of V beta 3 expression in Mls-2a mice does not alter Ir gene function. Specifically, Mls-2a/Eb haplotype V beta 3- [C3H.SW x B10.A(5R)]F1 mice were high responders to cytochrome c despite the fact that previous structure function analyses have shown a very close correlation between Eb-restricted cytochrome c recognition and V beta 3 expression. This demonstration of the plasticity of TCR expression suggests that relatively few Ir gene defects result from tolerance induced by self-Ag. We also examined differences in V alpha 11 expression among cytochrome c-specific T cells from various H-2k haplotype mouse strains. In particular, the low level of expression of V alpha 11 in cytochrome c-specific T cells from C57BR (H-2k) mice was shown not to be due to self-tolerance. Rather, evidence for limited strain polymorphism of V alpha 11 genes, plus the fact that cytochrome c-specific T cells from F1 hybrids between H-2k, Mls-2b identical C57BR and B10.BR mice express high levels of V alpha 11, suggested the possibility that the variable V alpha 11 usage in the cytochrome c-specific responses of these two strains reflected differences in positive selection during ontogeny by non-MHC non-Mls self-Ag.
Variability in active aging as a function of gender, age and health

The present study investigated the relation among socio-demographic and health variables and participation in physical and occupational activities. The sample was formed by 155 aged individuals (60 and older) interviewed by the PENSA study in Juiz de Fora, MG. 72% of the sample was female with average age of 70.3 years (SD=8.2). Questionnaires based on self-report were used for data collection. Results indicated that men participated more frequently in physical activities than women, and women were more active in occupational activities, such as housework and work as volunteers. Higher frequency of participation in occupational activities was associated with higher education, higher income, and higher functional status. However, age was not a significant determinant of active lifestyle. This present study demonstrated a variability of active aging due to gender, socio-demographic and health variables, highlighting the implications of the lifestyle of elderly Brazilians in the process of healthy aging.
Factors influencing electronic clinical information exchange in small medical group practices.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the organizational factors that influence electronic health information exchange (HIE) by medical group practices in rural areas. METHODS A purposive sample of 8 small medical group practices in 3 experimental HIE regions were interviewed to determine the extent of clinical information exchange with other health care providers and to identify the factors influencing those patterns. FINDINGS HIE was found to be largely limited to exchanging immunization data through the state health department and exchanging clinical information within owned provider systems. None of the clinics directly exchange clinical information with non-owned clinics or hospitals. CONCLUSIONS While regional HIE networks may be a laudable goal, progress is slow and significant technical, political, and financial obstacles remain. Limiting factors include data protection concerns, competition among providers, costs, and lack of compatible electronic health record (EHR) systems.
Sparsity in Dynamics of Spontaneous Subtle Emotions: Analysis and Application

Subtle emotions are present in diverse real-life situations: in hostile environments, enemies and/or spies maliciouslyconceal their emotions as part of their deception; in life-threatening situations, victims under duress have no choice but to withhold theirreal feelings; in the medical scene, patients with psychological conditions such as depression could either be intentionally orsubconsciously suppressing their anguish from loved ones. Under such circumstances, it is often crucial that these subtle emotions arerecognized before it is too late. These spontaneous subtle emotions are typically expressed through micro-expressions, which are tiny,sudden and short-lived dynamics of facial muscles; thus, such micro-expressions pose a great challenge for visual recognition. Theabrupt but significant dynamics for the recognition task are temporally sparse while the rest, i.e. irrelevant dynamics, are temporallyredundant. In this work, we analyze and enforce sparsity constraints to learn significant temporal and spectral structures whileeliminating irrelevant facial dynamics of micro-expressions, which would ease the challenge in the visual recognition of spontaneoussubtle emotions. The hypothesis is confirmed through experimental results of automatic spontaneous subtle emotion recognition withseveral sparsity levels on CASME II and SMIC, the two well-established and publicly available spontaneous subtle emotion databases.The overall performances of the automatic subtle emotion recognition are boosted when only significant dynamics of the originalsequences are preserved.
Thermal physiology of the fingered limpet Lottia digitalis under emersion and immersion

SUMMARY Marine animals living high in the rocky intertidal zone experience long durations of aerial emersion, sometimes enduring rapid increases in temperature. To date, much of our understanding of the thermal physiology of intertidal organisms comes from studies in which organisms are exposed to increasing temperatures when immersed, with the added effect of aerial emersion rarely considered. In this study, we examined the physiological response of the finger limpet, Lottia digitalis, to increases in temperature under both immersed and emersed conditions. We investigated the thermal sensitivity and upper temperature tolerance of limpets through assessment of cardiac performance, metabolic rate, glycogen depletion and maintenance of protein integrity. Cardiac performance in response to ecologically relevant increases in temperature was similar in emersed and immersed limpets from 15 to 35°C and showed multiple break patterns in heart rate as temperature was increased. Overall, emersed limpets had a greater upper thermal limit on cardiac performance, with the ability to maintain heart rate at a temperature 3–5°C higher than that for immersed limpets. Metabolism in limpets also differed significantly between emersion and immersion, where a significant depression in aerobic metabolic rate was observed under immersion with increasing temperature. Greater levels of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins were found under emersed conditions compared with immersed limpets. Maintaining cardiac performance and aerobic metabolism to higher temperatures under emersed conditions is likely reflective of physiological adaptations to live in an aerially exposed environment. Measured field temperatures where fingered limpets were collected demonstrated that limpets have a narrow thermal safety margin for aerobic performance, and currently experience multiple days where summer temperatures might exceed their threshold limits.
Acquisition and representation of material appearance for editing and rendering

Providing computer models that accurately characterize the appearance of a wide class of materials is of great interest to both the computer graphics and computer vision communities. The last ten years has witnessed a surge in techniques for measuring the appearance of real-world materials. Broadly speaking, this requires recording thousands of measurements of the way a material reflects light from different viewing directions, for different directions of incident illumination and at different points along its surface. As compared to conventional techniques that rely on hand-tuning parametric light reflectance functions, this data-driven approach is better suited for representing complex real-world appearance. However, incorporating these techniques into existing rendering algorithms and a practical production pipeline has remained an open research problem. One common approach has been to fit the parameters of an analytic reflectance function to measured appearance data. This has the benefit of providing significant compression ratios and these analytic models are already fully integrated into rendering algorithms and existing production pipelines. However, this approach can lead to significant approximation errors for many materials and it requires computationally expensive and numerically unstable non-linear optimization. An alternative approach is to compress these datasets using standard dimensionality reduction techniques like PCA, wavelet compression or matrix factorization. Although these techniques provide an accurate and compact representation, they do have several drawbacks. In particular, existing techniques do not enable efficient importance sampling for measured materials (and even some complex analytic models) in the context of physically-based rendering systems. Additionally, these representations do not allow editing. In this thesis, we introduce techniques for acquiring and representing real-world material appearance that addresses these research challenges. First, we introduce the Inverse Shade Trees (IST) framework. This is a conceptual framework for representing high-dimensional measured appearance data as a tree-structured collection of simpler masks and functions. We use it to provide an intuitive representation of the Spatially-Varying Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (SVBRDF) that is automatically computed from measured data. Like other data-driven techniques, ISTs are more accurate than fitting parametric BRDFs to measured appearance data, but are intuitive enough to support direct editing. We also introduce a factored model of the BRDF optimized to support efficient importance sampling in the context of global illumination rendering. We demonstrate that our technique provides more efficient sampling than previous methods that sample a best-fit parametric model. Lastly, we introduce a representation suitable for compressing and sampling non-parametric, functions of arbitrary dimensions. We show this representation is useful for sampling image-based illumination and reflectance within physically-based rendering algorithms.
Channel estimation for OFDM systems with multiple transmit antennas by exploiting the properties of the discrete Fourier transform

We addresses channel estimation based on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) applied to OFDM-based MIMO systems. By exploiting the properties of the DFT, channel estimation schemes for MIMO-OFDM system can be simplified. The Fourier transform translates phase shifts in the frequency domain to delays in the time domain. In order to exploit this feature, phase shifted pilot sequences are a perfect match to the Fourier transform in terms of separating the N/sub T/ superimposed signals, corresponding to N/sub T/ transmit antennas, without any further processing. The proposed estimator is shown to be optimum for the sample spaced channel, i.e. the channel tap delays are multiples of the sampling duration. A sub-optimum approximation for the non-sample spaced channel is also suggested.
自我状態療法(Ego State Therapy)の実際

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Analysis of tempo classes in performances of Mozart sonatas

th century theorists point out, the chosen tempo should depend not only on the tempo indication, but also on other factors such as the time signature and the fastest note values to be played. It is examined whether the four main tempo indications (Adagio, Andante, Allegro, and Presto) imply specific tempo classes which can be found in professional performances or whether other factors influence the choice of performed tempo. In Experiment I, 34 movements of Mozart sonatas performed by one professional pianist are analysed. The mode of the inter-beat interval distribution of a performance is considered to be a representation of the performed tempo. The tempo values depend on what is taken as the beat level; performed tempo did not group according to tempo indications. Event density (score events per second) is found to separate the data into just two clusters, namely slow and fast movements. In experiment II, the tempo values of 12 movements of the first experiment were derived from commercial recordings (Barenboim, Pires, Schiff, Uchida) with the help of an interactive beat tracking system. The pianists’ tempos are surprisingly homogenous; they deviate from each other more in slower movements than in the faster ones.
Race, class, & gender : common bonds, different voices

Foreword - Margaret L Andersen Introduction - Esther Ngan-ling Chow Transforming Knowledgement: Race, Class, and Gender PART ONE: BRINGING RACE AND CLASS INTO GENDER ANALYSIS 'Always Leading Our Men in Service and Sacrifice' - Karen S Adler Amy Jacques Garvey, Feminist Black Nationalist Social Location and Gender-Role Attitudes - Karen Dugger A Comparison of Black and White Women 'A Way Outa No Way' - Becky W Thompson Eating Problems among African American, Latina, and White Women Masculinities and Athletic Careers - Michael A Messner PART TWO: MAKING A LIVING: WORK, OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE, AND SOCIAL MOBILITY The Effect of Economic Restructuring on Puerto Rican Women's Labor Force Participation in the Formal Sector - Barbara A Zsembik and Chuck W Peek Gender and Race Effects on Occupational Prestige, Segregation, and Earnings - Wu Xu and Ann Leffler Moving Up with Kin and Community - Elizabeth Higginbotham and Lynn Weber Upward Social Mobility for Black and White Women Chicana and Mexican Immigrant Women at Work - Denise A Segura The Impact of Class, Race, and Gender on Occupational Mobility PART THREE: GETTING BY: GENDER RELATIONS, FAMILY, AND COMMUNITY Family, Feminism, and Race in America - Maxine Baca Zinn Overcoming Patriarchal Constraints - Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo The Reconstruction of Gender Relations among Mexican Immigrant Women and Men Power, Patriarchy, and Gender Conflict in the Vietnamese Immigrant Community - Nazli Kibria Activist Mothering - Nancy A Naples Cross-Generational Continuity in the Community Work of Women from Low-Income Urban Neighborhoods PART FOUR: TRANSFORMING REALITY: CONSCIOUSNESS, POLITICAL ACTIVISM, AND SOCIAL CHANGE The Development of Feminist Consciousness among Asian American Women - Esther Ngan-ling Chow Invisible Southern Black Women Leaders in the Civil Rights Movement - Bernice McNair Barnett The Triple Constraints of Gender, Race, and Class Gender, Race, and Class Politics and the Inclusion of Women in Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act - Cynthia Deitch Bringing Gender and Race In - Kim M Blankenship US Employment Discrimination Policy PART FIVE: THINKING RACE, CLASS, AND GENDER: THEORY AND METHOD Gender, Social Reproduction, and Women's Self-Organization - Johanna Brenner and Barbara Laslett Considering the US Welfare State Doing Difference - Candace West and Sarah Fenstermaker Contradictions of Feminist Methodology - Sherry Gorelick
Community structure and water quality in Mediterranean streams of a Natural Park (Sant Llorenç del Munt, NE Spain)

Se estudian las comunidades de macroinvertebrados de los rios del Parque Natural de Sant Llorenc del Munt i la Serra de l'Obac (Barcelona, NE Espana) y su relacion con las condiciones de flujo de los rios. Hasta 78 localidades se visitaron en dos ocasiones (invierno y verano de 1996) y en 26 de ellas se tomaron muestras de macroinvertebrados. Mientras en invierno el 63 % de los kilUmetros investigados tenia flujo continuo y menos del 1% estaba seco, en verano solo el 26% tenia flujo continuo, un 20% estaba totalmente seco y el resto presentaba pozas en su lecho. A pesar de ello el numero de familias de macroinvertebrados fue de 54 en invierno y 94 en verano, siendo dominantes en este ultimo caso los heteropteros, coleopteros, odonatos y dipteros, mientras que en invierno los tricopteros y plecopteros eran mas diversos. En general, la comunidad presento una estrategia trofica recolectora aunque la proporcion de los ramoneadores y depredadores aumento en verano. El estudio de las comunidades mediante el analisis de su abundancia en los dos perIodos, mostro que las variables temporales (flujo, temperatura) o las relacionadas con el incremento de la producciUn primaria (oxIgeno, pH) explicaban la mayor parte de la variabilidad con los elementos mas reofilos propios de invierno y los leniticos de verano, mientras que otros factores fisicoquimicos no eran relevantes. Calculado el indice biologico BMWP' se demostro que los valores en verano eran superiores o similares a los de invierno lo que se explica por la mayor diversidad aunque la calificaciUn individual de cada una de las familias encontradas en verano fuera menor que las halladas en invierno.
A Hybrid Strategy for Illuminant Estimation Targeting Hard Images

Illumination estimation is a well-studied topic in computer vision. Early work reported performance on benchmark datasets using simple statistical aggregates such as mean or median error. Recently, it has become accepted to report a wider range of statistics, e.g. top 25%, mean, and bottom 25% performance. While these additional statistics are more informative, their relationship across different methods is unclear. In this paper, we analyse the results of a number of methods to see if there exists 'hard' images that are challenging for multiple methods. Our findings indicate that there are certain images that are difficult for fast statistical-based methods, but that can be handled with more complex learning-based approaches at a significant cost in time-complexity. This has led us to design a hybrid method that first classifies an image as 'hard' or 'easy' and then uses the slower method when needed, thus providing a balance between time-complexity and performance. In addition, we have identified dataset images that almost no method is able to process. We argue, however, that these images have problems with how the ground truth is established and recommend their removal from future performance evaluation.
Localized mode hybridization by fine tuning of two-dimensional random media.

We study numerically the interaction of spatially localized modes in strongly scattering two-dimensional (2D) media. We move eigenvalues in the complex plane by changing gradually the index of a single scatterer. When spatial and spectral overlap is sufficient, localized states couple, and avoided level crossing is observed. We show that local manipulation of the disordered structure can couple several localized states to form an extended chain of hybridized modes crossing the entire sample, thus changing the nature of certain modes from localized to extended in a nominally localized disordered system. We suggest such a chain in 2D random systems is the analog of one-dimensional necklace states, the occasional open channels predicted by Pendry [Physics 1, 20 (2008). ] through which the light can sneak through an opaque medium.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in the Heart: Role During Health and Disease

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric enzyme that is expressed in most mammalian tissues including cardiac muscle. Among the multiple biological processes influenced by AMPK, regulation of fuel supply and energy-generating pathways in response to the metabolic needs of the organism is fundamental and likely accounts for the remarkable evolutionary conservation of this enzyme complex. By regulating the activity of acetyl–coenzyme A carboxylase, AMPK affects levels of malonyl–coenzyme A, a key energy regulator in the cell. AMPK is generally quiescent under normal conditions but is activated in response to hormonal signals and stresses sufficient to produce an increase in AMP/ATP ratio, such as hypoglycemia, strenuous exercise, anoxia, and ischemia. Once active, muscle AMPK enhances uptake and oxidative metabolism of fatty acids as well as increases glucose transport and glycolysis. Data from AMPK deficiency models suggest that AMPK activity might influence the pathophysiology and therapy of diabetes and increase heart tolerance to ischemia. Effects that are not as well understood include AMPK regulation of transcription. Different AMPK isoforms are found in distinct locations within the cell and have distinct functions in different tissues. A principal mode of AMPK activation is phosphorylation by upstream kinases (eg, LKB1). These kinases have a fundamental role in cell-cycle regulation and protein synthesis, suggesting involvement in a number of human disorders including cardiac hypertrophy, apoptosis, cancer, and atherosclerosis. The physiological role played by AMPK during health and disease is far from being clearly defined. Naturally occurring mutations affecting the nucleotide-sensing modules in the regulatory &ggr; subunit of AMPK lead to enzyme dysregulation and inappropriate activation under resting conditions. Glycogen accumulation ensues, leading to human disease manifesting as cardiac hypertrophy, accessory atrioventricular connections, and degeneration of the physiological conduction system. Whether AMPK is a key participant or bystander in other disease states and whether its selective manipulation may significantly benefit these conditions remain important questions.
Improved DC voltage utilization for the star-connected cascaded H-bridges converter under unbalanced voltage sags

The static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) are installed at the medium-voltage level of power system for grid voltage regulation and power factor improvement. The star-connected cascaded multilevel converter is widely for high voltage and high rated power STATCOM application. The voltage balancing control is a fundamental issue for cascaded converter, which can be implemented by negative sequence current and zero sequence voltage injection. The zero sequence voltage injection increases the DC voltage utilization, thus the DC voltage and cascaded number should be expanded to avoid over-modulation. However, the increase of DC voltage and cascaded number result in the high cost of the system but reduce the efficiency. On the other hand, the negative sequence current injection results in significant peak current and would trigger the over-current protection. This study provides a voltage balancing strategy to improve the DC voltage utilization by regulating the effectiveness between zero sequence voltage and negative sequence current injection. In addition, the proposed method is based on power flow management. All the unbalanced components of grid voltage and converter output current are considered, thus the proposed method can satisfy for grid fault operation. Laboratory test results are for proposed method variation and validate that the converter can accomplish system operation and manage DC voltage utilization during grid fault operation.