Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE INITIAL ION SHIFT INDEX AS A PROGNOSTIC INDICATOR TO PREDICT PATIENT SURVIVAL IN TRAUMATIC DAMAGE CONTROL LAPAROTOMY PATIENTS

ABSTRACT Objective: The ion shift index (ISI), which considers extracellular fluid ions such as phosphate, calcium, and magnesium, represents the ion shift following ischemia; concentrations of these ions are maintained within narrow normal ranges by adenosine triphosphate-dependent homeostasis. The ISI is defined as follows: {potassium (mmol/L-1) + phosphate (mmol/L-1) + Mg (mmol/L-1)}/calcium (mmol/L-1). This study investigated the possibility of predicting the 30-day survival rate of patients who underwent traumatic damage control laparotomy by comparing ISI and other laboratory findings, as well as the initial Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) and shock indices. Methods: Among the 134 patients who underwent damage control surgery between November 2012 and December 2021, 115 patients were enrolled in this study. Data regarding injury mechanism, age, sex, laboratory findings, vital signs, Glasgow Coma Scale score, Injury Severity Score, Abbreviated Injury Scale score, blood component transfusion, type of surgery, postoperative laboratory outcomes, morbidity, mortality rates, fluids administered, and volume of transfusions were collected and analyzed. Results: In univariate analysis, the odds ratio of the initial ISI was 2.875 (95% confidence interval, 1.52–5.43; P = 0.04), which showed a higher correlation with mortality compared with other indices. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were derived from different multivariable logistic regression models. The initial ISI had high sensitivity and specificity in predicting patient mortality (AUC, 0.7378). In addition, in the model combining the initial ISI, crystalloids, and TRISS, the AUC showed a high value (AUC, 0.8227). Conclusion: The ISI evaluated using electrolytes immediately after admission in patients undergoing traumatic damage control surgery may be a predictor of patient mortality.
Efficiency of virtual reality for cardiopulmonary resuscitation training of adult laypersons: A systematic review

Background: Virtual reality (VR) is an interesting and promising way to teach cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to adult laypersons as its high immersive characteristics could improve the level of skills and acquired knowledge in learning basic life support (BLS). Methods: This systematic review assesses current literature about BLS training with VR and its possible effect on CPR-quality parameters, self-efficacy, perceived learning, and learners’ satisfaction and short and long-term patients’ outcome. We screened the Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE Ovid, Web of Science, and Scopus databases and included only clinical trials and quasi-experimental studies published from inception to October 1, 2021, which analyzed adult laypersons’ BLS training with the use of VR. Primary outcomes were CPR parameters (chest compression rate and depth, Automated External Defibrillator use). Secondary outcomes were self-efficacy, perceived learning and learners satisfaction, and patients’ outcomes (survival and good neurologic status). The risk of bias of included study was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions tool to evaluate randomized control trials and the transparent reporting of evaluations with nonrandomized designs checklist for nonrandomized studies. Results: After full article screening, 6 studies were included in the systematic review (731 participants) published between 2017 and 2021. Because of the heterogeneity of the studies, we focused on describing the studies rather than meta-analysis. The assessment of the quality of evidence revealed overall a very low quality. Training with VR significantly improved the rate and depth of chest compressions in 4 out of 6 articles. VR was described as an efficient teaching method, exerting a positive effect on self-efficacy, perception of confidence, and competence in 2 articles. Conclusion: VR in BLS training improves manual skills and self-efficacy of adult laypersons and may be a good teaching method in a blended learning CPR training strategy. VR may add another way to divide complex parts of resuscitation training into easier individual skills. However, the conclusion of this review suggests that VR may improve the quality of the chest compressions as compared to instructor-led face-to-face BLS training.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning in Glaucoma

Diagnosis and detection of progression of glaucoma remains challenging. Artificial intelligence–based tools have the potential to improve and standardize the assessment of glaucoma but development of these algorithms is difficult given the multimodal and variable nature of the diagnosis. Currently, most algorithms are focused on a single imaging modality, specifically screening and diagnosis based on fundus photos or optical coherence tomography images. Use of anterior segment optical coherence tomography and goniophotographs is limited. The majority of algorithms designed for disease progression prediction are based on visual fields. No studies in our literature search assessed the use of artificial intelligence for treatment response prediction and no studies conducted prospective testing of their algorithms. Additional challenges to the development of artificial intelligence–based tools include scarcity of data and a lack of consensus in diagnostic criteria. Although research in the use of artificial intelligence for glaucoma is promising, additional work is needed to develop clinically usable tools.
Further development needed: models of post-diagnostic support for people with dementia

Purpose of review There is increasing recognition of a service gap immediately after diagnosis for people with dementia and carers. This narrative review of models of post-diagnostic support focuses on recent developments and offers suggestions for future development. We present the current evidence for these models and consider the service components they provide against the recommendations of clinical guidelines and principles underpinning ideal post-diagnostic support. Recent findings Models of post-diagnostic support include a short-term support worker, ongoing support worker, centre-based support, primary care management, and specialist dementia clinics. Of these, specialist dementia clinics that include ongoing support workers provide most components of an ideal and timely post-diagnostic support framework, but may be more costly to implement universally. The greatest research evidence is for the benefits of long-term support models, specifically case management, though this does not necessarily include medical care or nonpharmacological interventions. There is sparce evidence for the benefits of short-term support worker models such as dementia advisers for people with dementia and carers. Summary Further development is needed to create whole-system models of dementia support which meet the needs of people with dementia and their carers, are timely, accessible and equitable, and can be implemented universally.
Superresolution of noisy band-limited data by data adaptive regularization and its application to seismic trace inversion

Recovering a broadband object from noisy bandlimited observations is an ill-posed problem. If the object has discontinuities, the solution by the conventional Tikhonov regularization method loses them, although the solution can be stably obtained. It is shown that a structural constraint such as the number of spikes/discontinuities in the solution plays an important role in recovering the missing frequency information in the presence of noise. This nonlinear constrained minimization problem has been solved by data adaptive regularization. Applications of this method to synthetic data have shown its superior resolving power and stability compared to the conventional Tikhonov regularization method. <<ETX>>
Low potential for stratospheric dynamical change to be implicated in the large winter warming in the central Antarctic Peninsula

Stratospheric change associated with the Antarctic ozone hole is clearly implicated in changing surface climate near 65°S in late summer, in both measurements and models, via downward propagation of height anomalies following the final warming. But one of the largest changes in surface temperature in Antarctica has occurred in the Antarctic Peninsula at 60 to 65°S in winter, and most of the change at 65°S occurred before the ozone hole. Stratospheric change can cause tropospheric change in Antarctic winter by modifying the reflection and refraction of planetary waves, whereby a stronger stratospheric vortex moves the tropospheric jets polewards, which can modify the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in surface pressure that forces the tropospheric circumpolar winds. We examine stratospheric influence on the SAM in winter by inter‐annual correlation of the SAM with the solar‐cycle and volcanic aerosols, which act to change forcing of the stratospheric vortex in winter. Correlations are a maximum in June (midwinter) and are significant then, but are poor averaged over winter months. Hence the potential of change in the stratosphere to change Antarctic tropospheric climate in winter by dynamical means is low. This negative result is important given the proven high potential for change in summer by dynamical means. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
A hybrid element formulation for the three‐dimensional penalty finite element analysis of incompressible fluids

This work presents a hybrid element formulation for the three‐dimensional penalty finite element analysis of incompressible Newtonian fluids. The formulation is based on a mixed variational statement in which velocity and stresses are treated as independent field variables. The main advantage of this formulation is that it bypasses the use of ad hoc techniques such as selective reduced integration that are commonly used in penalty‐based finite element formulations, and directly yields high accuracy for the velocity and stress fields without the need to carry out smoothing. In addition, since the stress degrees of freedom are condensed out at an element level, the cost of solving for the global degrees of freedom is the same as in a standard penalty finite element method, although the gain in accuracy for both the velocity and stress (including the pressure) fields is quite significant. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new image processing method for enhancing the detection sensitivity of smooth transitions in liquid crystals

A study of textural changes is presented concerning the nematic phase of 4- n-alkyloxybenzoic acids (in particular, 4-n-heptyl- and 4-n-octyl-oxybenzoic acids), by means of a statistical approach to the image data observed by polarized light microscopy (orthoscopic mode). A new image processing method is developed in order to detect with high sensitivity any structural change in the image frame. To do this, a set of parameters is introduced, charaterizing the observed textures. Such a set is a vector, working like a pathfinder strongly increasing the human eye or in general the sensor skilfulness to appreciate any change of the optical texture, both in space and in time. This is suitable for revealing smooth transitions, such as phase transitions between smectic and nematic phases (or between different smectic phases), or order transitions, like alignment transitions in poorly oriented nematic layers. In fact, by using this method for detecting the order transition between two nematic 'subphases' of 4-n-a.
Integers of quadratic fields as sums of squares

m being a positive square-free rational integer, is expressible as a sum of three squares of integers of the field. Gaussian integers are treated in ? 3, integers of the general imaginary quadratic field in ? 4; necessary and sufficient conditions for two-square sums are given in each case. Section 6 treats real quadratic integers, and ? 7 interprets some of the results in the theory of Diophantine equations. It will be recalled that the coefficients of quadratic integers are not always rational integers. Specifically, if the field is an extension of the rational number field by 0 in equation (1), and if m-3 (mod 4), the integers of the field are given by
Chaotic Dynamics in Duffing System with Two External Forcings

Duffing system with two external forcing terms is investigated in detail. The criterion of existence of chaos under the periodic perturbation is given by using Melnikov's method. Numerical simulations including heteroclinic and homoclinic bifurcation surfaces, bifurcation diagrams, maximum lyapunov exponents and Poincare map are given to illustrate the theoretical analysis.
Membrane modes and air resonances of the banjo using physical modeling and microphone array measurements.

A fullscale physical model of a banjo is implemented using a finite‐difference formulation. The model consists of strings, bridge, resonance membrane, and the air enclosed in the geometry. The resulting time series of plucked strings in the model radiated from the membrane is integrated with respect to a room position in front of the banjo membrane and analyzed. Furthermore, the modes of the membrane are displayed as two‐dimensional mode shapes for the plucked string as well as for the free vibrating membrane. For verification and refinements of the model, measurements on a banjo were performed using a 11×11 microphone array. The recorded time series were back‐propagated to the surface of the membrane showing its vibrational patterns. These measured modes are compared to the modeed mode shapes in the low‐ to mid‐frequency range. Furthermore, the air modes of the open sound holes are investigated with respect to the their phase relations to the membrane. Radiation strength of these frequencies are strongly.
The ultraviolet polarization of the Crab pulsar

The linear polarization of the Crab pulsar has been observed in the ultraviolet using the High Speed Photometer on the Hubble Space Telescope. The polarization as a function of pulse phase is strikingly similar to that observed in the visible, with the same values of fractional polarization and the same swing of position angle occurring through the main and secondary pulses. The polarization pulse profile must be essentially wavelength-independent at wave lengths shorter than the infrared, as predicted by the geometric model of the emission region proposed by Smith et al.
The characterisation of transducer materials

Abstract Efficient transducers rely on the incorporation of high quality magnetostrictive or piezoelectric materials. However their behaviours, if they are to be quantified, have to be represented by specific measurable parameters. Preferably these should be identified with particular physical properties, for instance defect density, such that device performance and lifetimes can be gauged. To this end, different approaches to modelling material or device response are briefly reviewed and their benefits and limitations discussed. As part of a characterisation process the method of plane wave modelling (PWM) is used to predict the resonant response of a transducer element and through a comparison of the predicted and observed behaviour, values for six characterisation parameters are obtained. These data are then used to determine a reliable value for the magnetomechanical coupling coefficient that is representative of material quality regardless of the sample size and geometry or frequency of operation.
Capillarity-driven deformation of ordered nanoporous silica

Ordered nanoporous silica is seen to contract reversibly during the condensation and evaporation of fluids in the pores, forming a capillarity-driven actuation system. In situ x-ray diffraction is used to measure the strain of the ordered pore lattice in dependence on the relative vapor pressure of different fluids. Elastic moduli extracted from these strain isotherms are independent of the fluid used, and do therefore constitute real nanomechanical properties of the solid porous framework. The relationship between this pore-load modulus and the Young’s modulus of the silica walls is analyzed with simple analytical considerations and with finite element calculations.
Witten triples and the Seiberg–Witten equations on a complex surface

We study the solutions of the Seiberg–Witten equations on complex surfaces. We show that for a large class of parameters, the gauge equivalence classes of irreducible solutions of the twisted Seiberg–Witten equations correspond to stable Witten triples. We prove that on Kähler surfaces this correspondence is the set‐theoretical support of an isomorphism of real‐analytic spaces. This makes it possible to take multiplicities into account and generalizes and unifies results previously obtained by Witten. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Central Force of the Hyperon-Nucleon Interaction in the SU6 Quark Model

Characteristic properties of the medium·range central attraction of the nucleon·nucleon and hyperon-nucleon interactions are studied in the (3q)-(3q) resonating-group formulation. The SUs properties of two-baryon systems are extensively incorporated with the explicit flavor symmetry breaking of the full Fermi-Breit residual interaction. It is found that, for a realistic quark-model description of the hyperon-nucleon interaction compatible with the present low-energy experimental data, it is necessary to introduce phenomenological medium-range attraction which is much less than that for the nucleon-nucleon system. Effective meson-exchange potentials from the scalar-meson nonet exchange in the Nijmegen model-F are conveniently employed to generate the needed flavor­ dependent central attraction with few parameters determined for each flavor exchange symmetry.
An easterly tip jet off Cape Farewell, Greenland. II: Simulations and dynamics

An easterly tip jet that occurred on 21 February 2007 off Cape Farewell, Greenland, is examined. In Part I of this article aircraft observations were described. Now, in Part II, numerical simulations and an analysis of the dynamical forcing mechanisms are presented. The simulations make use of a limited‐area 12 km resolution configuration of the Met Office's Unified Model. Sea‐surface temperatures and sea‐ice concentrations have been replaced using the Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA) product, addressing a boundary‐layer temperature bias, while roughness lengths over sea ice have been updated, addressing a wind‐speed bias. These modifications ensured a reasonably accurate simulation: generally within 1–2 K and 2–3 m s−1 when compared with dropsonde observations. A momentum‐budget analysis along a curved locus through the core of the jet has been derived. Off southeast Greenland, the easterly tip jet was in cross‐jet geostrophic balance, but was being accelerated downstream by an along‐jet pressure gradient. Over the curved part of the locus, as the jet rounded Cape Farewell, a cross‐jet residual suggests that the jet was unbalanced at the height of the jet core. This residual decreases with height so that an approximate gradient wind balance applies in the upper part of the jet. The anticyclonic curvature, characteristic of easterly tip jets, was caused by a dramatic decrease in the cross‐jet pressure‐gradient force at the end of the barrier, after which the jet aligned with the synoptic‐scale isobars and returned to approximate geostrophic balance. The momentum budget is shown to be robust and applicable to other cases. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Binge consumption of ethanol during pregnancy leads to significant developmental delay of mouse embryonic brain

Consumption of alcohol during pregnancy can be severely detrimental to the development of the brain in fetuses. This study explores the usage of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to the study the effects of maternal consumption of ethanol on brain development in mouse fetuses. On gestational day 14.5, fetuses were collected and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. A swept-source OCT (SSOCT) system was used to acquire 3D images of the brain of ethanol-exposed and control fetuses. The volume of right and left brain ventricles were measured and used to compare between ethanol-exposed and control fetuses. A total of 5 fetuses were used for each of the two groups. The average volumes of the right and left ventricles were measured to be 0.35 and 0.15 mm3 for ethanol-exposed and control fetuses, respectively. The results demonstrated that there is an alcohol-induced developmental delay in mouse fetal brains.
Iterated schemes for dynamic condensation of structures with general viscous damping distributions

Two iterated schemes for dynamic condensation of finite element models with general viscous damping in the displacement space are presented in this paper. The conventional techniques are often defined in the state space to reckon-in the effect of damping on the transformation matrix. However, much more computational resources are required to accomplish the model reduction while the size of system matrices is doubled from displacement space to state space, especially for large-scale models. This problem can be overcome by the new reduction schemes defined in the displacement space. In addition to the remarkable improvement of computational efficiency, the explicit forms of reduced mass, damping and stiffness matrices can also be directly obtained by the newly developed method, which fully takes into account the damping in the transformation matrix. Two numerical examples are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic condensation schemes.
Effect of intracrystalline water on micro-Vickers hardness in tetragonal hen egg-white lysozyme single crystals

Mechanical properties of high quality tetragonal hen egg-white lysozyme single crystals which are one type of protein crystal were investigated by the indentation method. The indentation marks were clearly observed on the crystal surface and no elastic recovery of them occurred. The value of the micro-Vickers hardness in the wet condition was estimated to be about 20 MPa at room temperature. The hardness greatly depended on the amount of intracrystalline water (mobile water) contained in the crystals. The hardness increased with increasing evaporation time to air at room temperature. It reached the maximum at about 260 MPa, which is 13 times as much as that in the wet condition. The origin of such a change in hardness was explained in terms of the dislocation mechanisms in lysozyme single crystals.
The shortest path through many points

ABSTRACT We prove that the length of the shortest closed path through n points in a bounded plane region of area v is ‘almost always’ asymptotically proportional to √(nv) for large n; and we extend this result to bounded Lebesgue sets in k–dimensional Euclidean space. The constants of proportionality depend only upon the dimensionality of the space, and are independent of the shape of the region. We give numerical bounds for these constants for various values of k; and we estimate the constant in the particular case k = 2. The results are relevant to the travelling-salesman problem, Steiner's street network problem, and the Loberman—Weinberger wiring problem. They have possible generalizations in the direction of Plateau's problem and Douglas' problem.