Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INVITED REVIEW Trait Multi-Functionality in Plant Stress Response

Synopsis Plants often experience multiple stresses in a given day or season, and it is self-evident that given functional traits can provide tolerances of multiple stresses. Yet, the multiple functions of individual traits are rarely explicitly considered in ecology and evolution due to a lack of a quantitative framework. We present a theory for considering the combined importance of the several functions that a single trait can contribute to alleviating multiple stresses. We derive five inter-related general predictions: (1) that trait multifunctionality is overall highly beneficial to fitness; (2) that species possessing multifunctional traits should increase in abundance and in niche breadth; (3) that traits are typically optimized for multiple functions and thus can be far from optimal for individual functions; (4) that the relative importance of each function of a multifunctional trait depends on the environment; and (5) that traits will be often “co-opted” for additional functions during evolution and community assembly. We demonstrate how the theory can be applied quantitatively by examining the multiple functions of leaf trichomes (hairs) using heuristic model simulations, substantiating the general principles. We identify avenues for further development and applications of the theory of trait multifunctionality in ecology and evolution.
European Journal of Developmental Psychology

The present study aims to explore the inﬂuence of facial emotional expressions on pre-scholars’ identity recognition was analyzed using a two-alternative forced-choice matching task. A decrement was observed in children’s performance with emotional faces compared with neutral faces, both when a happy emotional expression remained unchanged between the target face and the test faces and when the expression changed from happy to neutral or from neutral to happy between the target and the test faces (Experiment 1). Negative emotional expressions (i
Vascular morphogenesis in the zebra ﬁ sh embryo

During embryonic development, the vertebrate vasculature is undergoing vast growth and remodeling. Blood vessels can be formed by a wide spectrum of different morphogenetic mechanisms, such as budding, cord hollowing, cell hollowing, cell wrapping and intussusception. Here, we describe the vascular morphogenesis that occurs in the early zebra ﬁ sh embryo. We discuss the diversity of morphogenetic mechanisms that contribute to vessel assembly, angiogenic sprouting and tube formation in different blood vessels and how some of these complex cell behaviors are regulated by molecular pathways.
AUTOMATIC PERSONALITY RECOGNITION IN BAHASA INDONESIA: A SEMI-SUPERVISED APPROACH

The knowledge of knowing peoples’ personality is found to be useful for multiple purposes, including in the ﬁeld of commercial and social studies. Recent studies of automatically assigning a personal proﬁle to the users of social media have emerged within the last decade as using personality measuring instruments was considered impractical in the online context. Though being a part of a massive amount of activities in social media, only a few studies have reviewed the approach of automatically recognizing the Bahasa Indonesia speaking users. Previous studies indicated that dataset remains a serious limitation in the ﬁeld of study, where obtaining a large amount of labelled data is expensive and time-consuming. With that in mind, we present a practical and eﬀective approach to utilize the abundance of unlabeled data in a semi-supervised learning setting using the label propagation model. With the highest ROC AUC score of 0.93 as achieved by the Super Learner algorithm, the presented method could be considered as a sensible approach as a means of overcoming the dataset limitation.
Sensitivity of the Advanced LIGO detectors at the beginning of gravitational wave astronomy

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) consists of two widely separated 4 km laser interferometers designed to detect gravitational waves from distant astrophysical sources in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 10 kHz. The first observation run of the Advanced LIGO detectors started in September 2015 and ended in January 2016. A strain sensitivity of better than 10^(−23)/√Hz was achieved around 100 Hz. Understanding both the fundamental and the technical noise sources was critical for increasing the astrophysical strain sensitivity. The average distance at which coalescing binary black hole systems with individual masses of 30 M⊙ could be detected above a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 8 was 1.3 Gpc, and the range for binary neutron star inspirals was about 75 Mpc. With respect to the initial detectors, the observable volume of the Universe increased by a factor 69 and 43, respectively. These improvements helped Advanced LIGO to detect the gravitational wave signal from the binary black hole coalescence, known as GW150914.
Regional Bias in the OLR Estimated from the Geostationary Orbit

The analysis of one year of CERES–Terra data provides further evidence that the longwave radiation escaping from the atmosphere exhibits signiﬁcant variability according to the azimuthal angle of observation. A regional analysis of this variability shows that the anisotropy in azimuth is maximum over mountain and desert areas and under cloud–free conditions. A relative diﬀerence between North and South views of about 5% in annual average is observed over the Himalayan region in the 8 − 14 µ m infrared window. We think that the remote sensing community should be aware of this variability, in particular when analyzing infrared data provided by instruments on geostationary orbits. Indeed, in this case, the azimuthal anisotropy may lead to systematic overestimation of the outgoing longwave radiation and to biases on retrieved quantities such as the surface temperature.
Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Sporda Tutkunluk ile Zihinsel Dayanıklılık Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

As sports competition intensifies, the importance of athletes being mentally prepared becomes increasingly prominent, alongside their physical readiness. Mental toughness is a key component that greatly characterises this notion of preparedness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the intensity of sports passion and the level of mental resilience among students studying in the faculty of sports sciences. The study was structured using the relational scanning model, and data collection was conducted through a survey comprising three sections. The initial section encompasses demographic data, the subsequent section encompasses the Sports Mental Toughness Inventory, and the final section encompasses the Sports Passion Scale. The data was disseminated to the participants through Google forms following the acquisition of ethical authorizations, and their voluntary participation in the research was duly considered. The research group comprises 310 students from Aydın Adnan Menderes University, consisting of 138 females and 172 males. The selection of participants was done using a convenient sampling method. Statistical analyses were conducted, including frequency and percentage calculations, reliability coefficient calculations, correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and Manova analysis. The research findings revealed a correlation between the confidence and continuity sub-dimensions of mental toughness in sports and the sub-dimensions of passion in sports. Additionally, there was a significant difference in the participants' gender, weekly sports frequency, and sports history variables. The research findings indicate that when students studying at the faculty of sports sciences have a strong and balanced passion for sports, their participation in sports aligns with their personal values and other aspects of their lives. Additionally, the participants' level of mental endurance influences their level of passion for sports. Furthermore, it can be asserted that there is no notable disparity in the levels of mental resilience and enthusiasm for sports among students enrolled in the faculty of sports sciences based on the participants' age. Moreover, as the duration of participants' engagement in sports activities increases, their levels of self-assurance, command, and consistency also rise, consequently leading to an enhancement in their mental endurance levels. Participants who engage in sports 1-2 days a week can be considered more adaptable compared to other participants. Conversely, individuals who engage in sports daily tend to exhibit a higher level of obsession compared to those who spend less time on sports.
Livelihood Impact Due to Riverbank Erosion Among the Affected Households Along the River Jamuna of Bangladesh

The present study examines the impacts of riverbank erosion on locals' lives and livelihoods in a particular area of the Jamuna River floodplain of Bangladesh. Riverbank erosion causes thousands of people to be affected, resulting in damage and loss of crops, cattle, housing structures, and farmland. It also erodes public infrastructures and communication networks significantly. This study undertakes empirical methods (including the open-ended questionnaire with a total of 155 households) to demonstrate the study's findings. The lack of adequate measures is the major factor associated with riverbank erosion in the study area. Land property loss becomes one of the major threats among the surveyed families. Some mitigation measures, such as using Geo bags and concrete blocks to protect the banks and operation of dredging machines to divert the water flow, are observed in the study area to reduce erosion. However, these measures are not bringing any effective solution to the local people’s livelihoods due to the slow ongoing work processes. J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 49(2): 179-191, December 2023
Study on Failure Energy per Unit Area of Concrete Specimens Based on Minimum Energy Dissipation Theory

In order to study the strength change of concrete specimens under different loading conditions, based on the principle of minimum energy dissipation, the damage energy per unit area of concrete was studied. By using finite element numerical simulation software for concrete specimens with different failure modes of tension, pressure, bending and torsion, a double-broken line damage constitutive model is adopted. The failure forms of concrete specimens under different loading conditions, as well as the failure area and failure energy of each specimen during loading, are simulated and analyzed. The failure energy per unit area under different failure modes was quantitively calculated, the relationship between the failure area and failure energy consumption under different failure modes was analyzed. The results show that, under different failure modes, the failure area of concrete specimens is different, the energy consumed during failure is different, and the strength is different. However, no matter how the failure mode changes during the failure process, the failure energy W per unit area remains constant and fluctuates in the range of 2.0~6.0 mJ/cm2, which is related to the physical properties of concrete itself.
The effect of halal labels on muslim consumer decisions in buying cough medicine

As a country with a majority Muslim population, Indonesia requires halal certification for all products that enter, distribute, and trade in Indonesia's territory, including medicines with several halal critical points. This study aims to identify Muslim consumers' characteristics and analyze the factors that influence Muslim consumers' decision to purchase cough medicine in DKI Jakarta. This research was conducted in DKI Jakarta with a total sample of 100 respondents. The methods used are descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). This study found that the decision of DKI Jakarta Muslim consumers to buy cough medicine was significantly affected by halal labels, personal factors, and product quality. However, the influence of social and psychological factors had an insignificant effect on Muslim consumers' decision to buy cough medicine.
Trends in Precipitation in Thailand from 1964 to 2012

In the present study, trends in 6 annual precipitation indices (CDD, CWD, R10, R20, RX1, and SDII) to observe long term trends in precipitation have been investigated for 48 stations over Thailand from 1964 to 2012. Trends were estimated using Mann-Kendall Test and Theil-Sen’s estimator. In general, the number of dry days is increasing, while the number of wet days is decreasing. The number of days with precipitation amounts above 10 and 20 mm showed opposite trends with no spatial coherence, which could be attributed to the relatively low station density. However, the slight majority of these trends is increasing. The maximum 1-day precipitation amount index showed a non-significant, spatial coherent increase in the central-west of North Thailand. Applying the simple daily intensity index, the majority of trends is increasing, whereas no spatial coherence was found. According to the spatial mapping, Central Thailand and its vicinity can be considered as the most threatened area of Thailand regarding extreme precipitation events.
Organics removal from office wastewater in attached growth biological process of a packaged onsite wastewater treatment system

Advancements in onsite wastewater treatment technology have attracted attention since various types of wastewater can be viably treated and reused at production. In the case of wastewater produced by buildings, including offices (including laboratories and workshops), wastewater is dilute and has particular characteristics warranting an investigation of the performance of onsite systems. This paper investigates the performance of an attached growth biological process in a full-scale onsite wastewater treatment system treating office wastewater. The organics removal efficiency of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 93.0% and 93.3%, respectively, were achieved, and nutrient removal efficiency was 72.3 ± 0.7 and 25.9% ± 0.9% for total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous, respectively. The low nutrient concentrations and the presence of inhibitive chemicals such as phenols, metals, and high ammonia concentrations have caused unfavourable conditions for biomass growth, and caused washout (particularly hetero-trophs) and reduced efficiency. Due to these factors, organics removal was as low as 5.2% and 4.8% for BOD and COD, respectively, and nutrient removal was as low as 65.4% and 0.0% for TN and TP, respectively. These performance limitations constitute essential guidance for using similar onsite treatment systems.
Cardiovascular Responses to Eccentric Cycling Based on Perceived Exertion Compared to Concentric Cycling, Effect of Pedaling Rate, and Sex

Interest in eccentric exercises has increased over the last decades due to its efficiency in achieving moderate–high intensity muscular work with reduced metabolic demands. However, individualizing eccentric exercises in rehabilitation contexts remains challenging, as concentric exercises mainly rely on cardiovascular parameters. To overcome this, perceived exertion could serve as an individualization tool, but the knowledge about cardiovascular responses to eccentric cycling based on perceived exertion are still scarce. For this purpose, the cardiorespiratory parameters of 26 participants were assessed during two 5 min bouts of concentric cycling at 30 and 60 rpm and two bouts of eccentric cycling at 15 and 30 rpm matched for rating of perceived exertion. With this method, we hypothesized higher exercise efficiency during eccentric cycling for a same perceived exertion. The results revealed significantly elevated heart rate and cardiac index at higher pedalling rates during concentric (p < 0.001), but not during eccentric cycling (p ≈ 1). Exercise efficiency was higher during concentric cycling (64%), decreasing with pedalling rate, while eccentric cycling exhibited increased work rates (82%), and increased by over 100% with higher pedalling rate. Hence, eccentric cycling, with lower cardiorespiratory work for the same perceived exertion, facilitates higher work rates in deconditioned populations. However, further studies are needed for effective individualization.
A set of possible sensory system preserved in cuticle of Late Devonian thylacocephalan arthropods from Poland

Abstract The cuticle of concavicarids (Arthropoda: Thylacocephala) from the early Famennian (Upper Devonian) of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland was studied with respect to its microstructural details. Investigated laminated cuticle with phosphatic/organic composition, possesses two different kinds of microstructure with assumed sensory functions. The first kind consists of circular depressions, each located in the central area of characteristic polygons forming the carapace exterior ornamentation. These depressions are interpreted as sealed during phosphatisation processes setal lumens. The second kind occurs exclusively in carapace margins. These intracuticular microstructures occur as elongated tubular structures, circular to oval in cross section, penetrating the cuticle interior but not reaching its surface. They form a thin belt with a kind of ‘sensory fields’ on the dorsum and a wider belt in the ventrocaudal part of the carapace. These belts are connected in the rostral and caudal area, forming a continuous sensory zone encompassing each valve. These structures are very similar to crustacean organule canals, and the dorsally situated ‘sensory fields’, suggest some similarity to crustacean sensory dorsal organs. This possible sensory system is the oldest of this kind found in Thylacocephala. Its morphology and presumed canal walls mineralogical composition suggests crustacean affinity of Thylacocephala.
Efficient Analysis of Frequent Item Set Association Rule Mining Methods

Data mining is the analysis of huge amounts of data in order to discover meaningful patterns.The growing demand of finding pattern from huge data makes the association rule mining (ARM) one of the most important data mining tools. It intends to extract interesting frequent patterns, associations, correlations or casual structures among sets of items in the transaction databases or other data repositories.Frequent itemset is groups of items which appear together in a sufficient number of transactions.The Frequent pattern mining helps to discover customer behaviors such that the quality of business decisions can be improved in the tremendous globalization era.Various efficient algorithms support association mining but this paper shows the efficient analysis of only the two very popular approach Apriori and FP-tree method.
Thermal Rearrangement of Thiocarbonyl-Stabilised Triphenylphosphonium Ylides Leading to (Z)-1-Diphenylphosphino-2-(phenylsulfenyl)alkenes and Their Coordination Chemistry

While thiocarbonyl-stabilised phosphonium ylides generally react upon flash vacuum pyrolysis by the extrusion of Ph3PS to give alkynes in an analogous way to their carbonyl-stabilised analogues, two examples with a hydrogen atom on the ylidic carbon are found to undergo a quite different process. The net transfer of a phenyl group from P to S gives (Z)-configured 1-diphenylphosphino-2-(phenylsulfenyl)alkenes in a novel isomerisation process via intermediate λ5-1,2-thiaphosphetes. These prove to be versatile hemilabile ligands with a total of seven complexes prepared involving five different transition metals. Four of these are characterised by X-ray diffraction with two involving the bidentate ligand forming a five-membered ring metallacycle and two with the ligand coordinating to the metal only through phosphorus.
Visualizing the 4D Impact of Gold Nanoparticles on DNA

The genotoxicity of AuNPs has sparked a scientific debate, with one perspective attributing it to direct DNA damage and another to oxidative damage through reactive oxygen species (ROS) activation. This controversy poses challenges for the widespread use of AuNPs in biomedical applications. To address this debate, we employed four-dimensional atomic force microscopy (4DAFM) to examine the ability of AuNPs to damage DNA in vitro in the absence of ROS. To further examine whether the size and chemical coupling of these AuNPs are properties that control their toxicity, we exposed individual DNA molecules to three different types of AuNPs: small (average diameter = 10 nm), large (average diameter = 22 nm), and large conjugated (average diameter = 39 nm) AuNPs. We found that all types of AuNPs caused rapid (within minutes) and direct damage to the DNA molecules without the involvement of ROS. This research holds significant promise for advancing nanomedicines in diverse areas like viral therapy (including COVID-19), cancer treatment, and biosensor development for detecting DNA damage or mutations by resolving the ongoing debate regarding the genotoxicity mechanism. Moreover, it actively contributes to the continuous endeavors aimed at fully harnessing the capabilities of AuNPs across diverse biomedical fields, promising transformative healthcare solutions.
A Systematic Review on the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Sexual Function in Adults

Sexual function is a vital component of overall well-being and quality of life. Physical activity is known to have a profound influence on various aspects of health, but its impact on sexual function in the general population remains an under-explored area. This systematic review seeks to thoroughly examine existing evidence, aiming to establish the correlation between physical activity and sexual function in both male and female adults. We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases and relevant sources, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eligible studies were those that investigated the effects of physical activity on sexual function using the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF-5) questionnaire and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Quality assessment was performed on the included studies, and the findings were synthesized through qualitative analysis. The review identified 12 randomized controlled trials, primarily focusing on males, with interventions ranging from home-based walking to structured exercise training. Only two studies were conducted among females. The most recommended exercise was aerobic exercise. Consistent aerobic exercise proves to be a hopeful and efficient non-drug intervention for enhancing erectile function in men. However, when considering the effects of physical exercise programs on sexual function and the quality of sexual life of females, the results present challenges in drawing clear conclusions. Health policymakers play an important role in providing guidelines and recommendations to healthcare professionals, encouraging them to prescribe exercise as a preferable alternative to pharmacological treatments for enhancing sexual functions in both men and women.