Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visualizing the mass and width spectrum of unstable particles

Unstable particles are characterized by their mass and mass uncertainty, in addition to other kinematic and internal parameters. The mass uncertainty is called the width of the unstable particle and can be theoretically related to the particle lifetime by the Weisskopf–Wigner relation. Several graphical representations of the mass and width spectrum of unstable subatomic particles are presented. Such plots are useful tools for introducing students to the particle zoo and provide students an alternate way to organize conceptually what can seem like an overwhelming amount of data. In particular, such graphs highlight phenomenological features of unstable particles characteristic of different energy and time scales.
An optimized perfectly matched layer for the Schrödinger equation

The investigation of the dynamics of chemical reactions, both from the theoretical and experimental side, has drawn an increasing interest since Ahmed H. Zewail was awarded the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on femtochemistry. On the experimental side, new techniques such as femtosecond lasers and attosecond lasers enable laser control of chemical reactions. Numerical simulations serve as a valuable complement to experimental techniques, not only for validation of experimental results, but also for simulation of processes that cannot be investigated through experiments. With increasing computer capacity, more and more physical phenomena fall within the range of what is possible to simulate. Also, the development of new, efficient numerical methods further increases the possibilities. The focus of this thesis is twofold; numerical methods for chemical reactions including dissociative states and methods that can deal with coexistence of spatial regions with very different physical properties. Dissociative chemical reactions are reactions where molecules break up into smaller components. The dissociation can occur spontaneously, e.g. by radioactive decay, or be induced by adding energy to the system, e.g. in terms of a laser field. Quantities of interest can for instance be the reaction probabilities of possible chemical reactions. This thesis discusses a boundary treatment model based on the perfectly matched layer (PML) approach to accurately describe dynamics of chemical reactions including dissociative states. The limitations of the method are investigated and errors introduced by the PML are quantified. The ability of a numerical method to adapt to different scales is important in the study of more complex chemical systems. One application of interest is long-range molecules, where the atoms are affected by chemical attractive forces that lead to fast movement in the region where they are close to each other and exhibits a relative motion of the atoms that is very slow in the long-range region. A numerical method that allows for spatial adaptivity is presented, based on the summation-by-parts-simultaneous approximation term (SBP-SAT) methodology. The accuracy and the robustness of the numerical method are investigated.
Bar-induced perturbation strengths of the galaxies in the Ohio State University Bright Galaxy Survey - I

Bar-induced perturbation strengths are calculated for a well-defined magnitude-limited sample of 180 spiral galaxies, based on the Ohio State University Bright Galaxy Survey. We use a gravitational torque method, the ratio of the maximal tangential force to the mean axisymmetric radial force, as a quantitative measure of the bar strength. The gravitational potential is inferred from an H-band light distribution by assuming that the M/L ratio is constant throughout the disc. Galaxies are deprojected using orientation parameters based on B-band images. In order to eliminate artificial stretching of the bulge, two-dimensional bar‐bulge‐disc decomposition has been used to derive a reliable bulge model. This bulge model is subtracted from an image, the disc is deprojected assuming it is thin, and then the bulge is added back by assuming that its mass distribution is spherically symmetric. We find that removing the artificial bulge stretch is important especially for galaxies having bars inside large bulges. We also find that the masses of the bulges can be significantly overestimated if bars are not taken into account in the decomposition. Bars are identified using Fourier methods by requiring that the phases of the main modes (m = 2, m = 4) are maintained nearly constant in the bar region. With such methods, bars are found in 65 per cent of the galaxies in our sample, most of them being classified as SB-type systems in the near-infrared by Eskridge and co-workers. We also suggest that as much as ≈70 per cent of the galaxies classified as SAB-types in the near-infrared might actually be non-barred systems, many of them having central ovals. It is also possible that a small fraction of the SAB-type galaxies have weak non-classical bars with spiral-like morphologies. Ke yw ords: galaxies: spiral ‐ galaxies: statistics.
Identity Authentication and Key Agreement Schemes for Ad Hoc Networks

Identity authentication and key agreement schemes play significant role in ad hoc networks. In this paper, a new identity authentication scheme relies on the threshold group signature is introduced. Compared with the current schemes it is secure, efficient and adaptable to a multi-hop feature of ad hoc networks. In addition, a new key agreement scheme based on the threshold cryptography using the Lagrange interpolation theorem is suggested, its efficiency and security are examined, and is claimed to be more efficient than the existing schemes.
Rolling Stock Rostering Optimization Under Maintenance Constraints

This article presents a mixed-integer linear-programming formulation for integrating short-term maintenance planning in a network-wide railway rolling stock circulation problem. This is a key problem in railway rostering planning that requires covering a given set of services and maintenance works with a minimum amount of rolling stock units. In our formulation, a rostering solution is viewed as a minimal cost Hamiltonian cycle in a graph with service pairings, empty runs, and short-term maintenance tasks. We use a commercial MILP solver to compute efficient solutions in a short time. Experimental results on real-world scenarios from the main Italian railway company Trenitalia show that this integrated approach can reduce significantly the number of trains and empty runs when compared with the current rolling stock circulation plan.
Landauer formula without Landauer's assumptions

The Landauer formula for dissipationless conductance lies at the heart of modern electronic transport, yet it remains without a clear microscopic basis. We analyse the Landauer formula microscopically and give a straightforward quantum kinetic derivation for open systems. Some important experimental implications follow. These lie beyond the Landauer result as popularly received.
An integrated step-down DC-DC converter with low output voltage ripple

An integrated low-output-ripple step-down DC-DC converter, which cascades a Buck converter with a low-dropout regulator (LDO), is presented. The output of the Buck converter can be used to supply digital circuits, while the LDO output is used to power analog circuits. The designed Buck converter can adaptively and automatically switch between the pulse-width modulation (PWM) and pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) to improve the conversion efficiency over the whole load current range. The chip was implemented by TSMC 0. 35µm 2P4M polycide CMOS process. The measured maximal load current of the Buck converter was 280 mA, and the measured LDO maximal load current was 100 mA.
Combining Features for Image Retrieval by Concept Lattice Querying and Navigation

Content-based image retrieval (CBIR for short) methods aim at capturing image similarity by relying on some specific characteristic of images such as color, texture and shape. The model we propose addresses the problem of exploring the image space applying multiple similarity criteria by representing the search for the images similar to a given image as the exploration of a lattice of (non-disjoint) image clusters, induced by a natural ordering criterion, based on similarity measures. The exploration proceeds in one of two basic ways: (1) by querying, the user can jump to any cluster of the lattice, by specifying the criteria that the sought cluster must satisfy; or (2) by navigation: from any cluster, the user can move to a neighbor cluster, thus exploiting the ordering amongst clusters.
Automatic Extraction of Task-Level Parallelism for Heterogeneous MPSoCs

Heterogeneous multi-core platforms are increasingly attractive for embedded applications due to their adaptability and efficiency. This proliferation of heterogeneity demands new approaches for extracting thread level parallelism from sequential applications which have to be efficient at runtime. We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first Integer Linear Programming (ILP)-based parallelization approach for heterogeneous multi-core platforms. Using Hierarchical Task Graphs and high-level timing models, our approach manages to balance the extracted tasks while considering performance differences between cores. As a result, we obtain considerable speedups at runtime, significantly outperforming tools for homogeneous systems. We evaluate our approach by parallelizing standard benchmarks from various application domains.
Smoothing operator for boolean operations on surfel-bounded solids

We present a simple smoothing operator for surfel-bounded solids obtained by adding two solids together using boolean operations. When adding two surfel-bounded solids together with the union operator, it is sometimes desirable to smooth out the sharp creases in the surface of the resulting solid. This report presents a simple local smoothing operator for this purpose. We illustrate that this operator enables us to obtain a more natural integration of the two solids added together.
Three Way Search Engine Queries with Multi-feature Document Comparison for Plagiarism Detection

In this paper, we describe our approach at the PAN 2012 plagiarism detection competition. Our candidate retrieval system is based on extraction of three different types of Web queries with narrowing their execution by skipping certain passages of an input document. We have created queries based on keywords extraction, intrinsic plagiarism detection and headers extraction. We have also compared the performance of constructed queries used during the PAN 2012 test process. The proposed methodology was the best performing one in case of long term operation and also the most cost-effective one. Our detailed comparison system is based on detecting common features of several types (in the final submission, we have used two types of features: sorted word 5-grams and unsorted stop word 8-grams) in the input document pair. We propose a method of computing so called valid intervals from those features, represented by their offset and length attributes in both source and suspicious document. Previous works use the feature ordering as the measure of distance, which is not usable for multiple types of features, which do not have any natural ordering. From those valid intervals we compute final detections in the post-processing phase, where we merge neighbouring valid intervals and remove some types of overlapping detections. We further discuss other approaches which we explored, but which have not been used in our final submission. In the paper we also discuss the performance aspects of our program, parameter settings, and the relevance of current PAN 2012 rules (including the plagdet score) to the real-world plagiarism detection systems.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE RADIO SHELL

A sequence of images of supernova 1993J at 30 epochs, from 50 d to ∼ 9 yr after shock breakout, shows the evolution of the expanding radio shell of an exploded star in detail. The images were obtained from 24 observing sessions at 8.4 GHz and 19 at 5.0 GHz and from our last session at 1.7 GHz. The images are all phase-referenced to the stable reference point of the core of the host galaxy M81. This allows us to display them relative to the supernova explosion center. The earliest image shows an almost unresolved source with a radius of 520 AU. The shell structure becomes discernible 175 d after shock breakout. The brightness of the ridge of the projected shell is not uniform, but rather varies by a factor of two, having a distinct peak or maximum to the southeast and a gap or minimum to the west. Over the next ∼ 350 d, this pattern rotates counterclockwise , with the gap rotating from west to north-northeast. After two years, the structure becomes more complex with hot spots developing in the east, south, and west. The pattern of modulation continues to change, and after five years the hot spots are located to the north-northwest, south and south-southeast. After nine years, the radio shell has expanded to a radius of 19,000 AU. The brightness in the center of the images is lower than expected for an optically thin, spherical shell. Absorption in the center is favored over a thinner shell in the back and/or front. Allowing for absorption, we find the thickness of the shell is 25 ± 3% of its outer radius. We place a 3σ upper limit of 4.4% on the mean polarization of the bright part of the shell, consistent with internal Faraday depolarization. We find no compact source in the central region above a brightness limit of 0.05 mJy beam −1 at 8.4 GHz, corresponding to 30% of the current spectral luminosity of the Crab Nebula. We conclude that either any pulsar nebula in the center of SN 1993J is much fainter than the Crab or that there is still significant internal radio absorption. 1. introduction SN 1993J is one of the brightest radio supernovae ever detected (e.g., Weiler et al. 2002). Its location in the nearby spiral galaxy M81 high in the northern sky has made it the best target for VLBI supernova studies so …
Career Implications of Doctoral Social Work Student Debt Load

ABSTRACT Although research has been conducted in other professional disciplines, social work has yet to explore how doctoral student debt load influences career development. This exploratory study surveyed 281 social work doctoral students and recent graduates, 75 BSW and MSW program leaders, and 24 doctoral program leaders about debt load, career choices, financial anxiety, and programmatic responses. Descriptive and qualitative results illustrate the complexity of doctoral students’ financial, family, and work circumstances, the role of debt load and moonlighting, the nascent nature of program responses to debt-related mentoring needs, and program ambivalence concerning the pros and cons of various debt load solutions. Exploratory factor analysis is presented for a financial anxiety instrument that may be useful in future research studies.
Texturing techniques for terrain visualization

Presents a new rendering technique for processing multiple multi-resolution textures of LOD (level-of-detail) terrain models and describes its application to interactive, animated terrain content design. The approach is based on a multi-resolution model for terrain texture which cooperates with a multi-resolution model for terrain geometry. For each texture layer, an image pyramid and a texture tree are constructed. Multiple texture layers can be associated with one terrain model and can be combined in different ways, e.g. by blending and masking. The rendering algorithm simultaneously traverses the multi-resolution geometry model and the multi-resolution texture model, and takes into account geometric and texture approximation errors. It uses multi-pass rendering and exploits multi-texturing to achieve real-time performance. Applications include interactive texture lenses, texture animation and topographic textures. These techniques offer an enormous potential for developing new visualization applications for presenting, exploring and manipulating spatio-temporal data.
Matching of Two Views: Stereo and Optical Flow

Matching of two views is one of the most important problems in computer vision; especially in binocular stereo and motion analysis [5]. This problem requires to establish correspondencesbetween images. Most existing techniques can be classified into two categories: gradient method and feature-based matching method. The gradient method is based on the assumptions that the intensity of a point is kept unchanged from image to image and the displacement of each point is sufficiently small. From these assumptions, the displacement (u; v) at each point (x;y) in the image I(x;y; t) is approximately constrained by the following equation [2]. Ix(x; y; t)u+ Iy(x;y; t)v+ It(x; y; t) = 0; (1)
Stability in Matching Problems with Weighted Preferences

The stable marriage problem is a well-known problem of matching men to women so that no man and woman, who are not married to each other, both prefer each other. Such a problem has a wide variety of practical applications, ranging from matching resident doctors to hospitals, to matching students to schools or more generally to any two-sided market. In the classical stable marriage problem, both men and women express a strict preference order over the members of the other sex, in a qualitative way. Here we consider stable marriage problems with weighted preferences: each man (resp., woman) provides a score for each woman (resp., man). Such problems are more expressive than the classical stable marriage problems. Moreover, in some real-life situations it is more natural to express scores (to model, for example, profits or costs) rather than a qualitative preference ordering. In this context, we define new notions of stability and optimality, and we provide algorithms to find marriages which are stable and/or optimal according to these notions. While expressivity greatly increases by adopting weighted preferences, we show that in most cases the desired solutions can be found by adapting existing algorithms for the classical stable marriage problem.
Motion fairing

Motion capturing is widely used for generating realistic motions. A 3D input device captures a sequence of 6 DOF rigid motion samples. The sampled data consists of two components, translation and orientation; the former is represented by a vector in R/sup 3/ and the latter by a rotation matrix in the rotation group, SO(3). Since the sequence of data contains sampling noises, the captured motion is now smooth and wiggles along the moving path. There are well-known fairing algorithms in Euclidean space based on difference geometry. Extending these for the motion data, we present a new fairing algorithm. The new algorithm iteratively minimizes the energy function reflecting the forces and torques, exerted on a moving object, to perform motion fairing.
How important is the number of pelvic lymph node retrieved to locorregional staging of cervix cancer?

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore how important is the number of pelvic lymph nodes dissected for the nodal staging in FIGO IA2-IB2 cervical cancer, submitted to radical surgical treatment. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on patients who underwent Piver class II radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy, in two centers in the state of Pernambuco, from January, 2001 to December, 2008. The analysis of the area under the ROC curve was adopted as a summary-measure of discriminatory power of the number of nodes dissected in predicting the pelvic nodal status. Additionally, we also confirm our findings using logistic regression and the Fisher's exact test. Results: The postoperative pathological study included 662 pelvic lymph nodes dissected (median per-patient=9, q25=6 − q75=13) from 69 patients. The ROC curve analysis revealed AUC=0.642, for the discriminatory value of the number of nodes dissected in predicting the pelvic nodal status. Similar findings were found after categorization using 10 and 15 lymph nodes as cut-offs (AUC=0.605 and 0.526, respectively). Logistic regression revealed odds ratio of 0.912 (95% CI=0.805-1.032; p=0.125) for the predictive value of the number of nodes dissected, and a number of nodes ≥10 or ≥15 lymph nodes was not significantly associated with the nodal status by the Fischer's exact test (p=0.224 and p=0.699, respectively). Conclusion: The number of pelvic lymph nodes dissected did not correlate with pelvic lymph node metastatic involvement. This study suggests that dissection of a greater number of lymph nodes does not increase locoregional nodal staging in cervical cancer.
Effect of Input Noise and Output Node Stochastic on Wang's k WTA

Recently, an analog neural network model, namely Wang's kWTA, was proposed. In this model, the output nodes are defined as the Heaviside function. Subsequently, its finite time convergence property and the exact convergence time are analyzed. However, the discovered characteristics of this model are based on the assumption that there are no physical defects during the operation. In this brief, we analyze the convergence behavior of the Wang's kWTA model when defects exist during the operation. Two defect conditions are considered. The first one is that there is input noise. The second one is that there is stochastic behavior in the output nodes. The convergence of the Wang's kWTA under these two defects is analyzed and the corresponding energy function is revealed.
Send Orders of Reprints at Reprints@benthamscience.net Heart Failure in South Asia

South Asia (SA) is both the most populous and the most densely populated geographical region in the world. The countries in this region are undergoing epidemiological transition and are facing the double burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases. Heart failure (HF) is a major and increasing burden all over the world. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology of HF in SA today and its impact in the health system of the countries in the region. There are no reliable estimates of incidence and prevalence of HF (heart failure) from this region. The prevalence of HF which is predominantly a disease of the elderly is likely to rise in this region due to the growing age of the population. Patients admitted with HF in the SA region are relatively younger than their western counterparts. The etiology of HF in this region is also different from the western world. Untreated congenital heart disease and rheumatic heart disease still contribute significantly to the burden of HF in this region. Due to epidemiological transition, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity and smoking is on the rise in this region. This is likely to escalate the prevalence of HF in South Asia. We also discuss potential developments in the field of HF management likely to occur in the nations in South Asia. Finally , we discuss the interventions for prevention of HF in this region. South Asia is both the most populous and the most densely populated geographical region in the world. The South Asian (SA) countries which include India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Maldives and Nepal (as per the World Bank) is the home to one-fifth of the world population. The countries in this region are undergoing epidemiological transition and are facing the double burden of infectious and non-infectious diseases [1]. Heart failure is a major and increasing burden all over the world [2]. There are no reliable estimates of HF (heart failure) incidence and prevalence in this region. There are only some projections based on prevalence data from Western countries [3, 4]. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology of HF in SA today and its impact in the health system of the countries in the region. We also discuss potential developments in the field of HF management likely to occur in these nations. Finally, we discuss the interventions for prevention of HF in this region.