Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ingestible Games: Swallowing a Digital Sensor to Play a Game

Interactive devices are increasingly used inside human bodies, such as pace makers and wireless pills. This trend has led to novel experiences with ingestible devices in the field of human-computer interaction on novel experiences people have with ingestible devices. We believe there is a missed opportunity to facilitate innovative game experiences using such devices. However, there is a lack of understanding on how to design games around ingestible devices. Therefore, this research investigates the design of ingestible games by using a wireless pill that can measure the user's core body temperature. We designed a game called "Guts Game". By investigating the game experience, we aim to gain an understanding towards ingestible game design and build a theoretical design framework around it. This research will contribute to a better understanding of ingestible game design and ultimately help designers to create a wider range of future play experiences.
The Role of ICT to Make Teaching-LearningEffective in Higher Institutions of Learning inUganda

The use of ICT in teaching-learning process is a relatively new phenomenon and it has been the educational researchers' focus. The effective integration of this technology into classroom practices poses a challenge to teachers and administrators. This empirical study aimed at finding out the factors influencing use of ICT to make teachinglearning effective in higher institutions of learning in Uganda and identifying the innovations that ICT has brought into teaching-learning process, particularly in higher institutions of learning in Uganda. A survey was employed and in order to empirically investigate the study. The findings of this study revealed that teaching staff and administrators had a strong desire to integrate ICT into teaching-learning processes. The innovations that ICT has brought in teachinglearning process include: E-learning, e-communication, quick access to information, online student registration, online advertisement, reduced burden of keeping hardcopy, networking with resourceful persons, etc. However, the presence of all these factors increased the chance of excellent integration of ICT in teaching-learning process. Therefore, the training of teaching staff in the pedagogical issues and administrators in administration should be increased if teachers and administrators are to be convinced of the value of using ICT in their teaching-learning process and administration
Serial expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus of rats with chronic ischemic brain.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to investigate serial changes of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), as a key regulator of hypoxic ischemia, and apoptosis of hippocampus induced by bilateral carotid arteries occlusion (BCAO) in rats. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to the permanent BCAO. The time points studied were 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after occlusions, with n=6 animals subjected to BCAO, and n=2 to sham operation at each time point, and brains were fixed by intracardiac perfusion fixation with 4% neutral-buffered praraformaldehyde for brain section preparation. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot and terminal uridine deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were performed to evaluate HIF-1α expression and apoptosis. RESULTS In IHC and western blot, HIF-1α levels were found to reach the peak at the 2nd week in the hippocampus, while apoptotic neurons, in TUNEL assay, were maximal at the 4th week in the hippocampus, especially in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region. HIF-1α levels and apoptosis were found to fluctuate during the time course. CONCLUSION This study showed that BCAO induces acute ischemic responses for about 4 weeks then chronic ischemia in the hippocampus. These in vivo data are the first to show the temporal sequence of apoptosis and HIF-1α expression.
The Carbon cycle and atmospheric CO[2] : natural variations Archean to present

This book presents the papers given at a conference on the atmospheric chemistry of carbon dioxide. Topics considered at the conference included the carbon cycle, the tropospheric methane cycle, the last deglaciation, reef growth, climatic change, carbon deposition rates in the Atlantic Ocean, low-latitude biomass, carbon isotopes, geochemistry, charcoal fluxes, volcanism, geologic ages, tectonics, carbonate rocks, marine surveys, and biogeochemistry.
CARP: Context-Aware Reliability Prediction of Black-Box Web Services

Reliability prediction is an important task in software reliability engineering, which has been widely studied in the last decades. However, modelling and predicting user-perceived reliability of black-box services remain an open research problem. Software services, such as Web services and Web APIs, generally provide black-box functionalities to users through the Internet, thus leading to a lack of their internal information for reliability analysis. Furthermore, the user-perceived service reliability depends not only on the service itself, but also heavily on the invocation context (e.g., service workloads, network conditions), whereby traditional reliability models become ineffective and inappropriate. To address these new challenges posed by blackbox services, in this paper, we propose CARP, a new contextaware reliability prediction approach, which leverages historical usage data from users to construct context-aware reliability models and further provides online reliability prediction results to users. Through context-aware reliability modelling, CARP is able to alleviate the data sparsity problem that heavily limits the prediction accuracy of other existing approaches. The preliminary evaluation results show that CARP can make a significant improvement in reliability prediction accuracy, e.g., about 41% in MAE and 38% in RMSE when only 5% of the data are available.
Double Trade-off Curves with Different Cognitive Processing Combinations: Testing the Cancellation Axiom of Mental Workload Measurement Theory

The accomplishment model of average mental workload - a formal axiomatic measurement theory - was used as a basis for developing and testing secondary task indices of mental workload (H. A. Colle & G. B. Reid, 1997). Its cancellation axiom implies global sensitivity, which is an important theoretical and practical criterion for mental workload indices. Performance levels of different secondary tasks were empirically equated in mental workload and then used to test the cancellation axiom. Cognitive processing similarity - including orthographic, phonemic, and semantic processing of pairs of operator and secondary tasks - was manipulated in three experiments. Equivalencies between secondary tasks were independent of secondary-operator task similarity, consistent with the cancellation axiom and the global sensitivity of these secondary tasks. The results suggest that standardized secondary task techniques can be developed for the practical measurement of mental workload. Actual or potential applications of this research include the development of functionally useful and realistic secondary task measures of mental workload.
Emerging Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer:Progress and Prospects

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounts for approximately 80-85% of all lung cancer cases, is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. With the advances of high-throughput sequencing, accumulating evidence suggested that the long non-coding RNA molecules, with transcripts larger than 200 nucleotides, have important roles in multiple biological processes in NSCLC. In this review, we will highlight the emerging roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in NSCLC, discussing both onco-lncRNAs and tum
Vitamin D for prevention of respiratory tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: To explore the effect of vitamin D supplementation in prevention of respiratory tract infections on the basis of published clinical trials. Materials and Methods: Clinical trials were searched from various electronic databases. Five clinical trials were suitable for inclusion. Outcome was events of respiratory tract infections in vitamin D group and placebo group. Data was reported as odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Both random and fixed model was used for analysis. Analysis was done with the help of Comprehensive meta-analysis software 2. Results: Events of respiratory tract infections were significantly lower in vitamin D group as compared to control group [Odds ratio = 0.582 (0.417 – 0.812) P = 0.001] according to random model. Results were similar in fixed model. On separate analysis of clinical trials dealing with groups of children and adults, beneficial effect of vitamin D was observed in both, according to fixed model [Odds ratio = 0.579 (0.416 – 0.805), P = 0.001 and Odd ratio = 0.653 (0.472 – 0.9040, P = 0.010 respectively]. On using random model beneficial effect persisted in children's group but became nonsignificant in adults group [Odds ratio = 0.579 (0.416 – 0.805), P = 0.001 and Odd ratio = 0.544 (0.278 – 1.063) P = 0.075 respectively]. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation decreases the events related to respiratory tract infections. There is need of more well conducted clinical trials to reach to a certain conclusion.
Ocular torsion and tilt of subjective visual vertical are sensitive brainstem signs

Deviations of the position of the ey in the roll plance, ocular trosion (OT), and the subjective visual vertical (SVV) wre systematically studied in 111 patients with acure vascular brainstem lesions. Of the 111 partents, 104 (94%) showed a direction‐specific pathological tilt of the static SVV in our series, Sevenry‐one (83%) of 86 partients exhibited pathological static OT of one (47%) or both (36%) eyes. OT and SVV tilts are therefore sensitive signs in acture unilateral brainstem disorders. Measurements of SVV and OT may prove to be useful components of the neuroophthalmological evaluation. With respect to the directions of pathological tilt, SVV an OT are generally in the same direction. Based on neuroimaging, we conclude that all unilateral brainstem lesion caudal to the upper pons cause ipsiversive Ot of one or both eyes, with concurrent ipsiversive tilts of SVV adjustments; all lesions rostral to this pontine level cause Contraversive tills of OT and SVV. Evidence is presented that pathological tilts of OT and SVV are secondary to a dysfunction of the tonic bilateral vestibular imputs that stabilize the eyes and head in normal upright position in the roll plance and dominate our perception of verticality.
Human Verb Associations as the Basis for Gold Standard Verb Classes: Validation against GermaNet and FrameNet

We describe a gold standard for semantic verb classes which is based on human associations to verbs. The associations were collected in a web experiment and then applied as verb features in a hierarchical cluster analysis. We claim that the resulting classes represent a theory-independent gold standard classification which covers a variety of semantic verb relations, and whose features can be used to guide the feature selection in automatic processes. To evaluate our claims, the association-based classification is validated against two standard approaches to semantic verb classes, GermaNet and FrameNet.
Appropriate sampling strategy and analytical methodology to address contamination by industry. Part 2: Geochemistry and speciation analysis

The degree of contamination in soils, sediments and dusts can be assessed based on knowledge of a variety of factors, such as industrialization, type of contaminants, deposition conditions, contamination-control techniques, along with the characteristics of the recipient environmental compartments, which include pathways for contamination transport, depth of infiltration, and degree of groundwater contamination. The impact of contaminants also depends on the quantity, mobility and speciation of contaminants/wastes as well as on the sensitivity of the recipient compartments. With sufficient knowledge of these factors, a number of conclusions can be drawn concerning the status of contamination in industrialized areas. This literature review aims to scrutinize some of the methods used to analyse the occurrence, speciation, mobility, bioavailability and likely the toxic effects of contaminants in the environment.
Inhibitory Mechanism of Escherichia coli RelE-RelB Toxin-Antitoxin Module Involves a Helix Displacement Near an mRNA Interferase Active Site*

In Escherichia coli, RelE toxin participates in growth arrest and cell death by inducing mRNA degradation at the ribosomal A-site under stress conditions. The NMR structures of a mutant of E. coli RelE toxin, RelER81A/R83A, with reduced toxicity and its complex with an inhibitory peptide from RelB antitoxin, RelBC (Lys47-Leu79), have been determined. In the free RelER81A/R83A structure, helix α4 at the C terminus adopts a closed conformation contacting with the β-sheet core and adjacent loops. In the RelER81A/R83A-RelBC complex, helix α3* of RelBC displaces α4 of RelER81A/R83A from the binding site on the β-sheet core. This helix replacement results in neutralization of a conserved positively charged cluster of RelE by acidic residues from α3* of RelB. The released helix α4 becomes unfolded, adopting an open conformation with increased mobility. The displacement of α4 disrupts the geometry of critical residues, including Arg81 and Tyr87, in a putative active site of RelE toxin. Our structures indicate that RelB counteracts the toxic activity of RelE by displacing α4 helix from the catalytically competent position found in the free RelE structure.
CLTC: A Chinese-English Cross-lingual Topic Corpus

Cross-lingual topic detection within text is a feasible solution to resolving the language barrier in accessing the information. This paper presents a Chinese-English cross-lingual topic corpus (CLTC), in which 90,000 Chinese articles and 90,000 English articles are organized within 150 topics. Compared with TDT corpora, CLTC has three advantages. First, CLTC is bigger in size. This makes it possible to evaluate the large-scale cross-lingual text clustering methods. Second, articles are evenly distributed within the topics. Thus it can be used to produce test datasets for different purposes. Third, CLTC can be used as a cross-lingual comparable corpus to develop methods for cross-lingual information access. A preliminary evaluation with CLTC corpus indicates that the corpus is effective in evaluating cross-lingual topic detection methods.
Mutation landscape and intra-tumor heterogeneity of two MANECs of the esophagus revealed by multi-region sequencing

Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) in the esophagus is an infrequent but highly malignant cancer with few known genomic alterations. We conducted whole-exome sequencing and whole-genome SNP genotyping for 4-6 tumor subregions and 5-6 adjacent normal tissue sites and 1-3 lymph node metastases in two esophageal MANECs to detect somatic mutations and copy number alterations, and to explore their spatial heterogeneity and underlying clonal structure. TP53 mutation, RB1 deletion or LOH, and PIK3CA, PTEN, KRAS, SOX2, DVL3, TP63 amplification appeared in all regions in both tumors. Mutations falling in known cancer genes tended to show higher variant allele frequencies than those not falling in these genes in at least one of the cases. Phylogenetic analyses of the samples and underlying subclones suggested extensive migration across different tumor regions and from some regions to the lymph nodes. Lymph node metastases appeared to have been seeded by both early founder cells as well as subsequent, locally emerging daughter clones. A phenotypically normal tissue site carried most of the mutations found in neighboring tumor samples, implying field cancerization. Understanding such complex genetic heterogeneity within each patient will be important for guiding clinical decisions.
Scattering of P waves under the Montana Lasa

The variations of amplitude and time delay of teleseismic P waves across the Montana Lasa (Large Aperture Seismic Array) were interpreted as being due to scattering by a random inhomogeneity in the earth's crust under the array. The prediction of the Chernov [1960] theory explains well the observed statistical properties of P waves with a frequency of 0.5 Hz. The inhomogeneity under Lasa has a correlation distance of about 10 km, with a fractional rms velocity fluctuation of 4% extending to a depth of about 60 km. The turbidity coefficient under Lasa at 0.5 Hz is 0.008 km−1, which is much greater than the values (10−3 to 10−4 km−1 at 5 to 10 Hz) observed for refracted waves in the crust and upper mantle in the USSR by Nikolayev and his colleagues. The scattering under Lasa is so strong that the condition for the Born approximation is violated for frequencies higher than 0.5 Hz. Accordingly, the observed statistical properties of 1-Hz waves show systematic departure from the prediction of the Chernov theory.
Chemical indicators of sediment chronology

The determination of recent sedimentation rates has traditionally used radiochemical dating techniques but, because of limited laboratory facilities and the costs of these techniques, alternative methods are desirable. Information on sedimentation rates and sediment history can be obtained from anthropogenic chemical components whose presence in sediments, especially near urban areas, can be used as markers to assess their chronology. More than one marker, with a known date of introduction, should be used. In this study, organosilicons first used in the early 1950s and tributyltin used in marine antifouling paints from 1972 were examined in sediments from Lake Macquarie, NSW, to supplement the known input of heavy metals from the lead-zinc smelter that has been operating at the northern end of the lake since 1897. The most reliable data were obtained at sites where all three markers were present, and use of these data allowed independent determination of the year of initial operation of a sewage treatment works.
Explosion energies, nickel masses and distances of Type II plateau supernovae

The hydrodynamical modelling of Type II plateau supernova (SNIIP) light curves predicts a correlation between three observable parameters (plateau duration, absolute magnitude and photospheric velocity at the middle of the plateau) on the one hand, and three physical parameters (explosion energy E, mass of the envelope expelled M and pre-supernova radius R) on the other. The correlation is used, together with adopted distances from the expanding photosphere method, to estimate E, M and R for a dozen well-observed SNIIP. For this set of supernovae, the resulting value of E varies within a factor of 6 (0.5? E/10 5 1 erg? 3), whereas the envelope mass remains within the limits 10? M/M O . 30. The pre-supernova radius is typically 200-600 R O . , but can reach? 1000 R O . for the brightest supernovae (e.g. SN 1992am). A new method of determining the distance of SNIIP is proposed. It is based on the assumption of a correlation between the explosion energy E and the 5 6 Ni mass required to power the postplateau light curve tail through 5 6 Co decay. The method is useful for SNIIP with well-observed bolometric light curves during both the plateau and radioactive tail phases. The resulting distances and future improvements are discussed.
Minimum Acceleration Criterion with Constraints Implies Bang-Bang Control as an Underlying Principle for Optimal Trajectories of Arm Reaching Movements

Rapid arm-reaching movements serve as an excellent test bed for any theory about trajectory formation. How are these movements planned? A minimum acceleration criterion has been examined in the past, and the solution obtained, based on the Euler-Poisson equation, failed to predict that the hand would begin and end the movement at rest (i.e., with zero acceleration). Therefore, this criterion was rejected in favor of the minimum jerk, which was proved to be successful in describing many features of human movements. This letter follows an alternative approach and solves the minimum acceleration problem with constraints using Pontryagin's minimum principle. We use the minimum principle to obtain minimum acceleration trajectories and use the jerk as a control signal. In order to find a solution that does not include nonphysiological impulse functions, constraints on the maximum and minimum jerk values are assumed. The analytical solution provides a three-phase piecewise constant jerk signal (bang-bang control) where the magnitude of the jerk and the two switching times depend on the magnitude of the maximum and minimum available jerk values. This result fits the observed trajectories of reaching movements and takes into account both the extrinsic coordinates and the muscle limitations in a single framework. The minimum acceleration with constraints principle is discussed as a unifying approach for many observations about the neural control of movements.
Are atypical antipsychotics safe in patients with Alzheimer's disease?

Although the atypical antipsychotic medications risperidone (Risperdal) and olanzapine (Zyprexa) are modestly efficacious in reducing aggression, routine use is not justified. Both drugs are associated with serious adverse cerebrovascular events and extrapyramidal symptoms. Use of atypical antipsychotics in dementia significantly increases mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7).
Geophysics and weapons inspection To dig or not to dig? That is (at least) one question

Until 1996, international weapons inspection and arms control missions did not include sophisticated geophysical investigation. On-site inspections depended largely on visual observation, personal communication, and physical searches. As part of the first geophysical survey team to operate under international auspices, we were party to both the technical and the human challenges of using geophysical instruments in less-than-ideal circumstances. This article introduces our experience as “geophysical weapons inspectors. ” Initially, the paper provides background to this unprecedented application of geophysics to an international monitoring regime. It then describes typical procedures and specific tasks and concludes with more personal reflections about our participation in this (to us) novel undertaking—one in which some of our geophysical colleagues are likely to be active in the future.
The therapeutic potential of endogenous hippocampal stem cells for the treatment of neurological disorders

While it is now well-established that resident populations of stem and progenitor cells drive neurogenesis in the adult brain, a growing body of evidence indicates that these new neurons play a pivotal role in spatial learning, memory, and mood regulation. As such, interest is gathering to develop strategies to harness the brain's endogenous reservoir of stem and progenitor cells, with the view that newborn neurons may help overcome the loss of neural and cognitive function that occurs during neurodegenerative disease and psychiatric illness. Here we review evidence for the presence of endogenous stem cell populations in the adult hippocampus, especially large pools of latent stem and precursor cells, and the ways in which these populations can be stimulated to produce new neurons. While the translation of this research from animal models to human application is still in its infancy, understanding in detail the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate endogenous neurogenesis, offers the potential to use this innate reservoir of precursors to produce neurons that may be able to mitigate against cognitive decline and mood disorders.