Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Posttraumatic stress disorder in primary care.

BACKGROUND Primary care providers are aware of the importance of identifying depression and anxiety in their patients. The diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), however, is less of a priority. METHODS Primary care physicians and nurse practitioners in an outpatient facility of a large health maintenance organization administered a psychiatric screening questionnaire to patients whom they suspected had depression or anxiety. Patients with positive results were referred for immediate consultation with a clinical psychologist. RESULTS One hundred fourteen (38.6%) of the 296 patients referred for consultation met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) diagnostic criteria for PTSD. The most frequent traumas associated with PTSD were adult domestic violence and childhood abuse. Patients with a diagnosis of PTSD were frequent users of medical services in the 12 months before diagnosis. The majority of patients sought treatment in primary care settings, not mental health settings. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PTSD often visit outpatient primary care settings. Medical providers may identify symptoms of depression or anxiety but may not recognize PTSD because of the high degree of overlap between these conditions, and the lack of familiarity with PTSD diagnostic criteria. We provide screening questions that may help physicians detect PTSD in their practices.
Psychiatric disorders and muscle tenderness in episodic and chronic migraine

This review first reports on the data concerning the relationship between migraine and personality traits and psychiatric disorders. The relationship between migraine and tenderness of the pericranial and cervical muscles is then discussed. In one study, a psychologic assessment was performed in 56 women with migraine, and the Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (MMPI) and State Trait Anxiety Inventory were administered at baseline (T0) and after 6–7 years (T2). Frequency, severity and duration of migraine were recorded at T0, after treatment (T1) and at T2, and their relationship to the prevalence of depression, MMPI and State Trait Anxiety Inventory data were examined. Pain parameters improved in all patients in T0–1, but were higher at T2 in patients with depression at T0. The patients whose migraine improved at T2 had significantly lower MMPI and State Trait Anxiety Inventory scores at T0 and T2. Moreover, the prevalence of depression of the patients whose migraine improved at T2 was 37.5% at T0 and decreased to 12.5% at T2. The authors subsequently studied the function of the frontal lobe in 23 female patients previously treated for chronic migraine and 23 controls by applying three neuropsychologic tests (gambling task, tower of hanoi-3 and object alternation test). The patient group performed significantly worse on the tower of hanoi-3 and the object alternation test. In order to assess the extent to which muscle tenderness may relate to psychiatric disorders in patients with migraine and tension-type headache, diagnosed according International Headache Society criteria [2004], a psychologic assessment was performed and palpation tenderness scores calculated for the pericranial and cervical muscles in 459 patients. In total, 125 patients had frequent episodic migraine, 97 had chronic migraine, 82 had frequent episodic tension-type headache and chronic tension-type headache was present in 83. In a further 72 patients, both episodic migraine and episodic tension-type headache were present. The main finding was a positive relationship between muscle tenderness and psychiatric disorders in patients with episodic migraine alone or associated with episodic tension-type headache.
Improving recommendation lists through neighbor diversification

Recommender systems have been accepted as a vital application on the web by offering product advice or information that users might be interested in. Most research up to this point has focused on improving the accuracy of recommender systems. In this paper we argue that recommendation list diversification is also important in promoting user's satisfaction for the user's multiple interests, and propose a novel recommendation algorithm which aims to balance the recommendation accuracy and diversity by selecting diverse neighbors in trust based recommender systems. A series of experiments show that the algorithm can improve the recommendation diversity.
Examining a consumption values theory approach of young tourists toward destination choice intentions

Purpose – The purpose of the study is to examine young Australian tourists’ consumption values, perceived beneficial image and tourist’s destination choice intention towards Mauritius as a tourism destination. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected through an intercept method of Australian consumers in a downtown shopping complex. A self-administered questionnaire was used; 408 usable questionnaires were collected, and regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses. Findings – Only emotional/epistemic, social and functional values were found to significantly influence perceived beneficial image of the tourism destination. Only social and conditional values were found to significantly influence destination choice intention. Practical implications – Communication initiatives should focus on functional and conditional values such as quality of infrastructure and personal safety benefits. Destination planners and marketers should emphasize emotional values in their programs, as these values b.
Characterization of transformer oil for breakdown voltage, transmittance & heat dissipation capability

In this research work breakdown voltage, transmittance and heat dissipation of transformer oil have been tested. Three types of samples from transformer oil have been chosen in these studies. These transformers have been manufactured in Bangladesh. The higher the value of breakdown voltage indicates the lower the presence of contaminants. The breakdown voltage of oil from new container was 71 kV which is well above the minimum breakdown voltage, i.e., 30kV - 40 kV. However, the breakdown voltage decreased with aging of transformer oil. The transmittances of these three oil samples were 88.93%, 85.27% and 61.87% respectively at wavelength of 600nm which was measured using UV spectrophotometer. The report also explains the heat dissipation capability of transformer oil. The main objective of our study is to reduce failure of transformer in the environment of Bangladesh.
Gender Inequality in Undergraduate Business Schools: The Glass Door Effects

This study examined female underrepresentation in business schools among undergraduate students and faculty in a sample of universities in the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education and compares the findings to other public universities in Pennsylvania. We found that during the 1995–2008 period, when compared with other academic disciplines, female student representation in business programs was lower than in other colleges and actually had declined over time. Similarly, female business faculty representation was lower than the average female representation at their respective universities. The majority of previous studies examined the “glass ceiling effect” to describe the impediments that women face in their quest for executive positions in the business world. This study attempted to shed light on possible obstacles that women face at the entry to the business world and discusses challenges to recruiting and retaining female students and faculty in business programs. The implications of these findings are imperative for maintaining diverse education and industry environments, which can have long-term economic consequences for society at large. The importance of this issue was highlighted in the recently passed Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.
Randomized controlled trials in endourology: a quality assessment.

PURPOSE To analyze the quality of studies reporting randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in the field of endourology. MATERIALS AND METHODS RCTs published in the Journal of Endourology from 1993 until 2011 were identified. The Jadad scale, van Tulder scale, and Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool (CCRBT) were used to assess the quality of the studies. The review period was divided into early (1993-1999), mid (2000-2005), and late (2006-2011) terms. Studies were categorized by country of origin, subject matter, single- vs multicenter setting, Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval and funding support, and blinding vs nonblinding. RESULTS In total, 3339 articles had been published during the defined review period, of which 165 articles were reporting a RCT. There was a significant increase in the number of RCTs published over time, with 18 (2.81%), 43 (4.88%), and 104 (5.72%) studies identified in the early, mid, and late term, respectively (P=0.009). Nevertheless, there was no difference in terms of quality of reporting, as assessed with the Jadad scale, van Tulder scale, or CCRBT, between the three study terms. On the other hand, significant differences were found in both the number of high qualitative RCTs that used blinding methodology and those that had IRB review, when comparing the early, mid, and late terms. CONCLUSION There has been a growing number of Journal of Endourology publications reporting on RTC over the last two decades. The quality of reporting for these studies remains suboptimal, however. Researchers should focus on a more appropriate description of key features of any given RCT, such as randomization and allocation methods, as well as disclosure of IRB review and financial support.
Understanding topological mesoscale features in community mining

Community detection has been one of the major topics in complex network research. Recently, several greedy algorithms for networks of millions of nodes have been proposed, but one of their limitations is inconsistency of outcomes [1]. Kwak et al. propose an iterative reinforcing approach to eliminate inconsistency in detected communities. In this paper we delve into structural characteristics of communities identified by Kwak's method with 12 real networks. We find that about 40% of nodes are grouped into communities in an inconsistent way in Orkut and Cyworld. Interestingly, they are only two out of 12 networks whose community size distribution follow power-law. As a first step towards interpretation of communities, we use Guimera and Amaral's method [2] to classify nodes into seven classes based on the z-score and the participation coefficient. Using the z-P analysis, we identify the roles of nodes in Karate and Autonomous System (AS) networks and match them against known roles for evaluation. We apply topological mesoscale information to compare two AS produced by Oliveira et al. [3], and Dhamdhere and Dovrolis [4] We report that even though their AS graphs differ in size, their topological characteristics are very similar.
The chest wall in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome

Purpose of reviewThere has recently been renewed interest in the chest wall during mechanical ventilation, related to lung-protective ventilation strategies, as well as in the role of abdominal pressure in many facets of critical illness. The purpose of this review is to address relevant issues related to the chest wall and mechanical ventilation, particularly in patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. Recent findingsIn mechanically ventilated patients with acute lung injury, intra-abdominal pressure is an important determinant of chest wall compliance. With elevated intra-abdominal pressure, the compliance of the chest wall and total respiratory system is decreased, with a relatively normal compliance of the lungs. The lung compression effects of increased intra-abdominal pressure may lead to a loss of lung volume with atelectasis. An appropriate level of positive end-expiratory pressure is necessary to counterbalance this collapsing effect on the lungs. Also, the stiff chest wall results in a lower transpulmonary pressure during positive-pressure ventilation. SummaryAs chest wall compliance may have important clinical implications during positive-pressure ventilation, the physiology of this effect should be considered, particularly in patients with acute lung injury and increased abdominal pressure.
Coupling of the guanosine glycosidic bond conformation and the ribonucleotide cleavage reaction: Implications for barnase catalysis

To examine the possible relationship of guanine‐dependent GpA conformations with ribonucleotide cleavage, two potential of mean force (PMF) calculations were performed in aqueous solution. In the first calculation, the guanosine glycosidic (Gχ) angle was used as the reaction coordinate, and computations were performed on two GpA ionic species: protonated (neutral) or deprotonated (negatively charged) guanosine ribose O2 ′. Similar energetic profiles featuring two minima corresponding to the anti and syn Gχ regions were obtained for both ionic forms. For both forms the anti conformation was more stable than the syn, and barriers of ∼4 kcal/mol were obtained for the anti → syn transition. Structural analysis showed a remarkable sensitivity of the phosphate moiety to the conformation of the Gχ angle, suggesting a possible connection between this conformation and the mechanism of ribonucleotide cleavage. This hypothesis was confirmed by the second PMF calculations, for which the O2 ′P distance for the deprotonated GpA was used as reaction coordinate. The computations were performed from two selected starting points: the anti and syn minima determined in the first PMF study of the deprotonated guanosine ribose O2′. The simulations revealed that the O2 ′ attack along the syn Gχ was more favorable than that along the anti Gχ: energetically, significantly lower barriers were obtained in the syn than in the anti conformation for the OP bond formation; structurally, a lesser O2 ′P initial distance, and a better suited orientation for an in‐line attack was observed in the syn relative to the anti conformation. These results are consistent with the catalytically competent conformation of barnase–ribonucleotide complex, which requires a guanine syn conformation of the substrate to enable abstraction of the ribose H2 ′ proton by the general base Glu73, thereby suggesting a coupling between the reactive substrate conformation and enzyme structure and mechanism. Proteins 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direction-setting school leadership practices: a meta-analytical review of evidence about their influence

This study reviews evidence about the overall influence of direction-setting leadership practices (DSLPs), 1 of 4 major categories of practices included in a widely known conception of effective leadership (e.g., Leithwood & Louis, 2011) and a focus of many other such conceptions, as well. This study also inquires about how direction-setting practices influence distal organizational outcomes, including student achievement, conceiving of such influence as traveling along (or influencing variables on) 4 “paths”. Standard meta-analysis, narrative review, and effect size summation and averaging were applied on 110 studies involved in this review. The findings of this study, as one in a related series of investigations, inform the further development of a model of successful school leadership practices.
Unsupervised Speech/Non-Speech Detection for Automatic Speech Recognition in Meeting Rooms

The goal of this work is to provide robust and accurate speech detection for automatic speech recognition (ASR) in meeting room settings. The solution is based on computing long-term modulation spectrum, and examining specific frequency range for dominant speech components to classify speech and non-speech signals for a given audio signal. Manually segmented speech segments, short-term energy, short-term energy and zero-crossing based segmentation techniques, and a recently proposed multi layer perceptron (MLP) classifier system are tested for comparison purposes. Speech recognition evaluations of the segmentation methods are performed on a standard database and tested in conditions where the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) varies considerably, as in the cases of close-talking headset, lapel, distant microphone array output, and distant microphone. The results reveal that the proposed method is more reliable and less sensitive to mode of signal acquisition and unforeseen conditions.
Eurographics -ieee Vgtc Symposium on Visualization (2005) Isosurface Extraction Using Fixed-sized Buckets

We present a simple and output optimal algorithm for accelerated isosurface extraction from volumetric data sets. Output optimal extraction algorithms perform an amount of work dominated by the size of the (output) isosurface rather than the size of the (input) data set. While several optimal methods have been proposed to accelerate isosurface extraction, these algorithms are relatively complicated to implement or require quantized values as input. Our method is based on a straightforward array data structure that only requires an auxiliary sorting routine for construction. The method works equally well for floating point data as it does for quantized data sets. We demonstrate how the data structure can exploit coherence between isosurfaces by performing searches incrementally. We show results for real application data validating the method's optimality.
A Prospective Survey of Adverse Events and Treatment Reactions following 34,000 Consultations with Professional Acupuncturists

The paper describes the type and frequency of adverse events and transient reactions following consultations with professional acupuncturists. In a postal survey, involving 1848 professional acupuncturists, all of whom were members of the British Acupuncture Council and practising in the UK, details of adverse events and transient reactions following treatment were recorded on standardised self-report forms. A sample size of 30,000 treatments was sought, and piloting indicated that a four-week period was required. Practitioners also provided information on themselves, including age, sex, length of training and years of practice. A total of 574 practitioners responded, 31% of the total population. These practitioners reported on adverse events and transient reactions associated with 34,407 treatments. No serious adverse events were reported, where these were defined as requiring hospital admission, prolonging hospital stays, permanently disabling, or resulting in death (95% CI: 0 to 1.1 per 10,000 treatments). A total of 43 significant minor adverse events were reported, a rate of 1.3 per 1,000 treatments (95% CI: 0.9 to 1.7). These included severe nausea and actual fainting (12), unexpected, severe and prolonged aggravation of symptoms (7), prolonged and unacceptable pain and bruising (5) and psychological and emotional reactions (4). There were three avoidable events: two patients had needles left in by mistake, and one patient had moxa burns to the skin, also caused by practitioner error. The acupuncturists also recorded 10,920 mild transient reactions occurring in 5136 treatments, 15% (95% CI: 14.6 to 15.3) of the 34,407 total. In terms of local reactions, there were reports of mild bruising (1.7%), pain (1.2%) and bleeding (0.4%). Practitioners reported that patients experienced an aggravation of existing symptoms after 2.8% of treatments. The most common mild transient reactions to treatment were feeling relaxed (11.9%) and feeling energised (6.6%). In this prospective survey of 34,407 treatments, practitioners reported no serious adverse events. This conclusion was based on data collected from one in three members of the British Acupuncture Council. Given that the whole membership delivers between one and a half and two million treatments a year, this is important evidence on public health and safety. When compared with medication routinely prescribed in primary care, the results suggest that acupuncture is a relatively safe treatment modality.
Behavior Problems of Preschool Children From Low-Income Families

Research on the prevalence of behavior problems in preschool children from low-income families, and the risk factors associated with these behaviors, was reviewed. A systematic search of studies conducted between 1991 and 2002 yielded a total of 30 research reports that met all of the preestablished criteria. These studies yielded several findings. Children from low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds were found to have a higher incidence of behavior problems as compared to the general population. Behavior problems were associated with multiple risk factors found in these children's lives related to child, parent, and socioeconomic characteristics. The results are discussed in terms of implications for early identification and intervention and directions for future research.
Unconventional Role of Caspase-6 in Spinal Microglia Activation and Chronic Pain

Chronic pain affects ~20% of the worldwide population. The clinical management of chronic pain is mostly palliative and results in limited success. Current treatments mostly target the symptoms or neuronal signaling of chronic pain. It has been increasingly recognized that glial cells, such as microglia, and inflammatory signaling play a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic pain. Caspases (CASPs) are a family of protease enzymes involved in apoptosis and inflammation. They are pivotal components in a variety of neurological diseases. However, little is known about the role of CASPs in microglial modulation as to chronic pain. In particular, our recent studies have shown that CASP6 regulates chronic pain via microglial inflammatory signaling. Inhibition of microglia and CASP signaling might provide a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of chronic pain.
An Automatic Target Detection Post-Processing Algorithm Based on Swarm Intelligence

Presently, most target detection post-processing algorithms are short of self-adapting, which make them have many limitations in automatic target detection from the digital images. Therefore this paper provides a new type of automatic target detection postprocessing algorithm (CASI) which adopts clustering algorithm based on swarm intelligence to post-process the detected target pixels. Because of the characteristics of self-organization, robustness, expandability and simplicity, CASI can self-adaptively restore the target pixels, divide them into different targets and delete the false alarm targets. Experimental results conform that the target detection post-processing effect of this new type of algorithm is much better than the ones of morphological transformation in common use.
Leadership and Team Learning in Secondary Schools

ABSTRACT Motivated by the increasing prevalence of shared decision making and distributed leadership in restructured schools, six teams of secondary school teachers were studied in order to learn more about the nature of their collective learning and the conditions which influenced such learning. Qualitative and quantitative evidence collected for the study idendtified a large number of within-team conditions that helped to explain variation in the nature and amount of learning across the teams. The study also pointed to both in-school (including leadership) and out-of school conditions effecting such learning.
In situ observation of oxidation of liquid droplets of tin and melting behavior of a tin particle covered with a tin oxide layer

Oxidation of a liquid droplet of tin (Sn) was observed using an in situ specimen heating holder in an oxygen environment. The surface of the Sn liquid droplet was covered with a tin oxide layer, Sn3O4, the thickness of which depended on the oxygen pressure and temperature. Subsequent cooling of the droplet resulted in the formation of a solid Sn particle covered with a Sn3O4 layer. The solid Sn particle was then heated above the melting temperature of Sn, and the melting behavior of Sn was observed. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.