Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
20世紀の名著名論：Peter Shor : Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Prime Factorization and Discrete Logarithms on a Quantum Computer

Shorの論文は,そのアルゴリズム開発でのひらめき, 理論的解析の深さと美しさだけでも名論文に値するもの だが,最も重要な点は 21世紀の直前に新しいコンピュー タモデルとしての量子力学原理を情報処理に用いた量子 コンピュータの研究を先導したということだ. 色々な観 点はあるかもしれないが,この論文が 21世紀で量子計 算と呼ばれている分野を爆発的に広め,いま少し歴史の あった量子情報をも巻き込んで量子情報処理研究の推進 力になったのだ. 結果は論文タイトルの通りで,量子コンピュータなら, 素因数分解問題も離散対数問題も多項式時間で高速に 解ける,というものである. 今のコンピュータではこの 2つの問題とも超難問として知られており,たとえば以 下に述べる RSA暗号の関係で挑戦問題として 10進で 174桁の素因数分解問題が出ている. 既存の 10進 150桁 程度の素因数分解例は,大規模分散計算で多大な時間を かけてやっと解いていたのが,量子コンピュータならあ っという間に解けてしまうのだ. この論文の元は,1994年の 35th IEEE Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS)で発表さ れ,その時点から種々のブレークスルーをもたらした. 第 1に,量子コンピュータができてしまうと,今 21世紀の 当初にあたって e-Japan等電子政府を企図する時代の社会 基盤としての公開鍵暗号系の安全性が崩壊するということ である. 素因数分解の難しさに安全性の基盤を持つ RSA 暗号系もしかり,離散対数計算の難しさを用いるものもし かりで. 理論の論文が,今普及してさらに広まろうとして いる社会基盤に対する直接的な警鐘を鳴らしたのである. 第 2に,物理研究者を情報処理の世界にまったく新し い土俵で引きずり込んだことである. デバイス研究者ほ どMooreの経験則が近々頭打ちとなり,CMOS VLSIの 高速化が限界に達することを痛感しているといい,それ に対して Shorのこの成果は,「では量子コンピュータを 作ろう」という世界規模での大規模プロジェクトを立ち 上げる主要因となった. Shor自身,この論文を提示した ときに物理系研究者から量子状態というのは安定でなく, そんなものを精度よく制御して計算するのは無理だとい う批判にさらされた. それに対して Shorは,量子誤り訂 正機構を提案し,量子状態に誤りがあっても正しい計算 を進める原理を示し,それに後押しされて物理の研究者 もどっと量子コンピュータ研究に参入したという経緯も 象徴的である. 第 3は,それまで量子力学を情報処理に使う試みとし て量子通信と量子暗号が先行していたが,その時点で はまだ細々という感もあったのを,Shorのアルゴリズ ムが開いた量子計算ともどもで,量子情報処理パラダイ ムを展開させたということだ. 今のコンピュータは von Neumannらによる EDVACなどを祖としているが,そ の開発当時である 1950年頃は情報処理もまだ黎明期で, 計算と通信も非常にまだ近い分野であった. 現在の非常 に多岐に渡る情報処理の広大な分野で,再び量子情報と いうキーワードをもとに,1950年頃の熱気を体現できる 機会を我々に与えたのである. 最後にこの論文の Introductionを情報技術者・物理研 究者の方を含めぜひ読んでいただきたいというお願いを したい. 上ではインパクトの面から紹介したが,そのよ うなことは Introductionでは数行しか触れられていない. Church, Post, Turingの計算可能性から始まり,計算 の理論がいかに進展してきたかが語られている. Church の提唱,物理的実現に関する量的 Churchの提唱,アナ ログ計算での精度の問題,量子コンピュータは量子アナ ログ性も使いながらディジタル計算であること,そして 1980年頃に物理の方から Benioff, Feynmanそして量子 Turing機械を提案した Deutchによって創始された量子 コンピュータへと展開している. まさしく「計算とは何 か」の歴史を語っており,その最先端が量子計算に至る ある種必然性まで感じさせるのだ. Shorは生粋のコンピ ュータ科学者で,MITでの博士論文の組合せ解析の卓越 さ,計算幾何でのランダム抽出パラダイムの展開などそ れ以前の大きな業績から,さらに一歩抜きん出た成果を 出したのがこの論文なのである. (平成 15年 11月 17日受付)
Complications following transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair: Personal experience and review of the literature

Mitral valve dysfunction affects around 2% of the population and its incidence is still increasing, making it the second most common valvular heart disease, after aortic stenosis. Depending on the etiology of the disease, it can be classified into primary or secondary mitral regurgitation. The first line of treatment is optimal medical therapy. If ineffective, mitral valve intervention can be considered. For patients disqualified from surgical treatment, transcatheter edge-to-edge repair with the use of MitraClip may be considered. Over 100,000 MitraClip procedures have been performed which makes this the most established transcatheter technique for the treatment of severe mitral regurgitation. The aim of this review is to discuss the technical details of the MitraClip procedure, clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of MitraClip, complications related to the clip implantation alongside with acute complications based on the currently available evidence and clinical experience.
Breakthrough in CRISPR/Cas system: Current and future directions and challenges

Targeted genome editing (GE) technology has brought a significant revolution in fictional genomic research and given hope to plant scientists to develop desirable varieties. This technology involves inducing site‐specific DNA perturbations that can be repaired through DNA repair pathways. GE products currently include CRISPR‐associated nuclease DNA breaks, prime editors generated DNA flaps, single nucleotide‐modifications, transposases, and recombinases. The discovery of double‐strand breaks, site‐specific nucleases (SSNs), and repair mechanisms paved the way for targeted GE, and the first‐generation GE tools, ZFNs and TALENs, were successfully utilized in plant GE. However, CRISPR‐Cas has now become the preferred tool for GE due to its speed, reliability, and cost‐effectiveness. Plant functional genomics has benefited significantly from the widespread use of CRISPR technology for advancements and developments. This review highlights the progress made in CRISPR technology, including multiplex editing, base editing (BE), and prime editing (PE), as well as the challenges and potential delivery mechanisms.
Screening the pathogenic causes of congenital cataract via whole exome sequencing technology in three families: Molecular genetics of congenital cataract

Congenital cataract is the commonest cause of visual impairment and blindness in children worldwide. Among congenital cataract cases, ~25% are caused by genetic defects, while several genetic mutations have been identified in hereditary cataract. In the present study, a patient with cataract underwent clinical ophthalmic examination and pedigree analysis. Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify and verify gene mutations. The frequency, conservation, pathogenicity and hydrophobicity of the mutated amino acids were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. The clinical examination and investigation verified that the probands of family A and C suffered from nuclear cataracts. In addition, the proband of family B was diagnosed with white punctate opacity. The pattern of inheritance was autosomal dominant. The sequencing analysis results revealed a mutation c.592-c593insG (p.W198Wfs*22) in exon 6 of CRYBA1/A3, a known mutation c.463C > T (p.Q155X) in exon 6 of CRYBB2 and a third mutation c.865-c.866insC (p.T289Tfs*91) in exon 2 of GJA8. Each variant was co-segregated with disease in family And the mutation frequency in the database was <0.01. It has been reported that the mutation sites are highly conserved among different species, thus greatly affecting the sequence and structure of a protein, while exhibiting high pathogenicity in theory. The two crystallin gene mutations could notably enhance the local hydrophobicity of the protein, eventually resulting in its reduced solubility and destruction of lens transparency. The current study identified pathogenic genes in three families with congenital cataract and analyzed the association between mutation sites and different cataract phenotypes. Overall, the results could expand the genotype spectrum of congenital cataract and provide evidence for its clinical diagnosis.
Metabolic‐Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) is associated with immune activation, increased epicardial fat volume, and steatohepatitis among people with HIV in a Thai cohort

A change in terminology from fatty liver disease to metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), along with modified diagnostic criteria, was proposed in 2020, and data regarding MAFLD burden in people living with HIV are limited. We investigated associations between MAFLD and immune activation, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks including epicardial fat volume, and steatohepatitis in an Asian cohort.
Influence-Driven Data Poisoning for Robust Recommender Systems

Recent studies have shown that recommender systems are vulnerable, and it is easy for attackers to inject well-designed malicious profiles into the system, resulting in biased recommendations. We cannot deprive these data's injection right and deny their existence's rationality, making it imperative to study recommendation robustness. Despite impressive emerging work, threat assessment of the bi-level poisoning problem and the imperceptibility of poisoning users remain key challenges to be solved. To this end, we propose Infmix, an efficient poisoning attack strategy. Specifically, Infmix consists of an influence-based threat estimator and a user generator, Usermix. First, the influence-based estimator can efficiently evaluate the user's harm to the recommender system without retraining, which is challenging for existing attacks. Second, Usermix, a distribution-agnostic generator, can generate unnoticeable fake data even with a few known users. Under the guidance of the threat estimator, Infmix can select the users with large attacking impacts from the quasi-real candidates generated by Usermix. Extensive experiments demonstrate Infmix's superiority by attacking six recommendation systems with four real datasets. Additionally, we propose a novel defense strategy, adversarial poisoning training (APT). It mimics the poisoning process by injecting fake users (ERM users) committed to minimizing empirical risk to build a robust system. Similar to Infmix, we also utilize the influence function to solve the bi-level optimization challenge of generating ERM users. Although the idea of “fighting fire with fire” in APT seems counterintuitive, we prove its effectiveness in improving recommendation robustness through theoretical analysis and empirical experiments.
Examining the Impact of Elastomeric Half Mask Respirator Knowledge and User Barriers on Safety Climate Perceptions in Health Care Settings

Background: Availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) and its effective use may influence safety climate perceptions among health care personnel (HCP). It is unclear how health care organizations can leverage the effective use of respiratory protection to engage in continuous improvement of their safety climate, which can inform opportunities for employee education and engagement. Methods: After using an elastomeric half mask respirator (EHMR) as their primary form of respiratory protection for several months, 1,080 HCP provided feedback in an electronic survey about respiratory protection training, confidence in EHMR use, barriers during use, and perceived safety climate. Ordinal logistic regressions were used as nonlinear models to test relationships between these variables. Findings: We observed that an increase in user confidence (p < .013), training content (p < .001), training formats (p < .001), and a decrease in EHMR barriers (p < .001) were associated with a statistically significant increase in proactive safety climate. In the second model, an increase in user confidence (p < .006) and training content (p < .001), and a decrease in barriers (p < .001), was associated with a statistically significant increase in compliant safety climate. Conclusions/Application to Practice: HCP EHMR confidence was positively associated with safety climate perceptions, underscoring the value of competency building by respiratory protection leaders prior to implementation. Because fewer barriers experienced while using an EHMR were associated with a more positive perception of safety climate, it is important to first communicate with end users about potential barriers and, second, to continue research with end users and manufacturers to improve the design of EHMRs moving forward.
Psychosocial aspects of Noma (Cancrum Oris) in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review

Noma is a neglected tropical disease of an underserved population. Our review describes the volume and scope of existing research evidence on psychosocial aspects of Noma in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Our literature search was conducted on all original peer-reviewed research articles on the psychosocial aspects of Noma in each country in SSA using PubMed, Google Scholar, and a direct search of reference list of pertinent journal articles. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines was used to describe the review. A total of six studies were found in four countries of the region. One in three persons with Noma has a mental health condition, indices of social disadvantage and belief in the supernatural causation of the disease are very common. However, despite evidence of enormous need, a huge gap still exists in the area of psychosocial alleviation.
Extracellular vesicles derived from Akkermansia muciniphila promote placentation and mitigate preeclampsia in a mouse model

Abstract Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystem disorder with high maternal morbidity and mortality rates. Currently, no practical therapeutic approach is available to prevent PE progression, except for early delivery. Gut dysbiosis is associated with PE development. Previous data showed that the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila (Am) was lower in patients with PE than in normotensive pregnant women. Here, in this study, decreased abundance of Am was observed in a PE mouse model. Also, we found that administration with Am could significantly attenuate systolic blood pressure, promote foetal growth and improve the placental pathology in mice with PE. Moreover, Am‐derived extracellular vesicles (AmEVs) were transferred from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to the placenta and mitigated pre‐eclamptic symptoms in PE mice. These beneficial effects of AmEVs were mediated by enhanced trophoblast invasion of the spiral artery (SpA) and SpA remodelling through activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K)–protein kinase B (AKT) signalling pathway. Collectively, our findings revealed the potential benefit of using AmEVs for PE treatment and highlighted important host–microbiota interactions.
Chronic frontal neurobehavioural symptoms in combat-deployed military personnel with and without a history of blast-related mild traumatic brain injury

ABSTRACT Objective This study evaluated frontal behavioural symptoms, via the FrSBe self-report, in military personnel with and without a history of blast-related mild traumatic brain injury (mild TBI). Methods Prospective observational cohort study of combat-deployed service members leveraging 1-year and 5-year demographic and follow up clinical outcome data. Results The blast mild TBI group (n = 164) showed greater frontal behavioural symptoms, including clinically elevated apathy, disinhibition, and executive dysfunction, during a 5-year follow-up, compared to a group of combat-deployed controls (n = 107) without mild TBI history or history of blast exposure. We also explored changes inbehaviourall symptoms over a 4-year span, which showed clinically significant increases in disinhibition in the blast mild TBI group, whereas the control group did not show significant increases in symptoms over time. Conclusion Our findings add to the growing evidence that a proportion of individuals who sustain mild TBI experience persistent behavioural symptoms. We also offer a demonstration of a novel use of the FrSBe as a tool for longitudinal symptom monitoring in a military mild TBI population.
How Important Is Reprocessing in Personalized Multicomponent Therapy? Analyzing Longitudinal Data of Inpatients With Severe PTSD

Abstract Treatment guidelines for complex presentations of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are often cautious about the reprocessing of traumatic memories and recommend multicomponent treatments that are widely used in clinical practice. Yet, the role of reprocessing in these multicomponent treatments remains unknown. Using naturalistic data of 97 patients treated for PTSD, we used a linear mixed model to investigate the role of reprocessing for the outcome at discharge and at 6-month follow-up. Treatment effects were significant and large (g = 0.91–1.05). The final model showed good fit and explained 51% of the variance. There was a significant main effect of time (B = −8.1 [−11.5; −4.8], p < 0.001), as well as a reprocessing by time interaction (B = −17.2 [−30.5; −3.8], p = 0.012), indicating better outcomes with higher levels of reprocessing. Hence, maximizing the amount of reprocessing used in multicomponent treatments for PTSD may significantly enhance outcomes.
The Sympathetic Nervous System Is Necessary for Development of CD4+ T-Cell Memory Following Staphylococcus aureus Infection

Abstract Lymph nodes and spleens are innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers that enter alongside arteries. Despite discovery of these nerve fibers nearly 40 years ago, the role of these nerves during response to infection remains poorly defined. We have found that chemical depletion of sympathetic nerve fibers compromises the ability of mice to develop protective immune memory to a Staphylococcus aureus infection. Innate control of the primary infection was not impacted by sympathectomy. Germinal center formation is also compromised in nerve-depleted animals; however, protective antibody responses are still generated. Interestingly, protective CD4+ T-cell memory fails to form in the absence of sympathetic nerves after S aureus infection.
Norovirus and sapovirus infections after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: is it worth it to look for them?

Abstract Norovirus (NoV) and Sapovirus (SaV) are potential causative agents of diarrhea after allogeneic HSCT but little is known in this population. We performed a retrospective analysis by RT-PCR of calicivirus (NoV and SaV), Human adenovirus (HAdV), rotavirus (RV), Aichi virus (AiV), enterovirus (EV), human parechovirus (HPeV) and Human bocavirus (HBoV) in the diarrheal stools of patients after allogeneic HSCT. 49/162 patients had positive viral assays: HAdV (17%), EV (7%), NoV (4.3%), RV and HBoV (3.1% each), SaV (1.9%), AiV (1.2%), HPeV (0.6%). Seven patients were positive for NoV and 3 for SaV. Among viruses-positive samples, the frequency of caliciviruses cases was 7% in the 6 months post-HSCT compared to 40% after (p < 0.0001). The median duration of symptom was 0.7 months but 2 cases, occurring more than one year after HSCT, were chronic, undiagnosed and strongly contributed to morbidity. Systematic testing of caliciviruses appears especially useful in late chronic diarrhea.
Magnetic field reversal in the turbulent environment around a repeating fast radio burst

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are brief, intense flashes of radio waves from unidentified extragalactic sources. Polarized FRBs originate in highly magnetized environments. We report observations of the repeating FRB 20190520B spanning 17 months, which show that the FRB’s Faraday rotation is highly variable and twice changes sign. The FRB also depolarizes below radio frequencies of about 1 to 3 gigahertz. We interpret these properties as being due to changes in the parallel component of the magnetic field integrated along the line of sight, including reversing direction of the field. This could result from propagation through a turbulent magnetized screen of plasma, located 10–5 to 100 parsecs from the FRB source. This is consistent with the bursts passing through the stellar wind of a binary companion of the FRB source. Description Editor’s summary Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are brief flashes of radio waves from distant galaxies that are probably emitted by neutron stars. Some FRBs repeat, which enables follow-up observations to constrain their local environments. Anna-Thomas et al. have observed more than a hundred bursts from a single FRB source, of which 13 were bright enough to measure the polarization (see the Perspective by Paragi). The fluctuating polarization properties indicate that the magnetic field close to the FRB source was highly variable, twice reversing direction. The authors contend that the most likely explanation is that the FRB source orbits in a binary system, with the radio waves passing through the magnetized stellar wind of the companion star. —Keith T. Smith The variable polarization properties of a repeating fast radio burst indicate that the source is in a binary system.
How to improve interest for undergraduate nursing students working in primary health care

Abstract Aim: To explore the association between the implementation of a new model of supervision and the impact of undergraduate nursing students’ interest in working in primary health care. Background: There is a need for more nurses in primary health care. To influence undergraduate nursing students to work in primary health care after graduation, the experience of their clinical practice in primary health care must be rewarding. In this study, we have implemented an alternative model of supervision for undergraduate nursing students in clinical practice, called ‘strengthened supervision during clinical practice’. In this model, lectures from the university are responsible for giving support and tutoring the nurse supervisor in primary health care. Method: Undergraduate nursing students in Norway (69) participated in an implementation of a new model for supervision in clinical practice. Thirty-one completed a questionnaire consisting of 15 questions. The questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive analyses. Finding: Undergraduate nursing students positively evaluated interactions with their fellow undergraduate nursing students in the primary health care setting. The undergraduate nursing students reported the nurse supervisor as most important for their perception of the practice site, followed by the work environment and their peers. When asked where they planned to work after graduation, very few undergraduate nursing students selected primary health care. It seems like aspects of the new model, ‘strengthened supervision during clinical practice’ are successful, but further research must be undertaken to explore whether this new model continues to be successful.
Flydeling: Streamlined Performance Models for Hardware Acceleration of CNNs through System Identification

The introduction of deep learning algorithms, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in many near-sensor embedded systems, opens new challenges in terms of energy efficiency and hardware performance. An emerging solution to address these challenges is to use tailored heterogeneous hardware accelerators combining processing elements of different architectural natures such as Central Processing Unit (CPU), Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). To progress towards heterogeneity, a great asset would be an automated design space exploration tool that chooses, for each accelerated partition of a CNN, the most appropriate architecture considering available resources. To feed such a design space exploration process, models are required that provide very fast yet precise evaluations of alternative architectures or alternative forms of CNNs. Quick configuration estimation could be achieved with few parameters from representative input sequences. This article studies a solution called flydeling (as a contraction of flyweight modeling) for obtaining these models by inspiring from the black-box System Identification (SI) domain. We refer to models derived using the proposed approach as flyweight models (flydels). A methodology is proposed to generate these flydels, using CNN properties as predictor features together with SI techniques with a stochastic excitation input at a feature map dimensions level. For an embedded CPU-FPGA-GPU heterogeneous platform, it is demonstrated that it is possible to learn these Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) flydels at an early design stage and from high-level application features. For latency, energy, and resource utilization, flydels obtain estimation errors varying between 5% and 10% with less model parameters compared to state-of-the-art solutions and are built automatically from platform measurements.