Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotection from Delayed Postischemic Administration of a Metalloporphyrin Catalytic Antioxidant

Reactive oxygen species contribute to ischemic brain injury. This study examined whether the porphyrin catalytic antioxidant manganese (III) meso-tetrakis (N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnTE-2-PyP5+) reduces oxidative stress and improves outcome from experimental cerebral ischemia. Rats that were subjected to 90 min focal ischemia and 7 d recovery were given MnTE-2-PyP5+ (or vehicle) intracerebroventricularly 60 min before ischemia, or 5 or 90 min or 6 or 12 hr after reperfusion. Biomarkers of brain oxidative stress were measured at 4 hr after postischemic treatment (5 min or 6 hr). MnTE-2-PyP5+, given 60 min before ischemia, improved neurologic scores and reduced total infarct size by 70%. MnTE-2-PyP5+, given 5 or 90 min after reperfusion, reduced infarct size by 70–77% and had no effect on temperature. MnTE-2-PyP5+ treatment 6 hr after ischemia reduced total infarct volume by 54% (vehicle, 131 ± 60 mm3; MnTE-2-PyP5+, 300 ng, 60 ± 68 mm3). Protection was observed in both cortex and caudoputamen, and neurologic scores were improved. No MnTE-2-PyP5+ effect was observed if it was given 12 hr after ischemia. MnTE-2-PyP5+ prevented mitochondrial aconitase inactivation and reduced 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine formation when it was given 5 min or 6 hr after ischemia. In mice, MnTE-2-PyP5+ reduced infarct size and improved neurologic scores when it was given intravenously 5 min after ischemia. There was no effect of 150 or 300 ng of MnTE-2-PyP5+ pretreatment on selective neuronal necrosis resulting from 10 min forebrain ischemia and 5 d recovery in rats. Administration of a metalloporphyrin catalytic antioxidant had marked neuroprotective effects against focal ischemic insults when it was given up to 6 hr after ischemia. This was associated with decreased postischemic superoxide-mediated oxidative stress.
Residual theory in λ-calculus: a formal development

Abstract We present the complete development, in Gallina, of the residual theory of β-reduction in pure λ-calculus. The main result is the Prism Theorem, and its corollary Lévy's Cube Lemma, a strong form of the parallel-moves lemma, itself a key step towards the confluence theorem and its usual corollaries (Church-Rosser, uniqueness of normal forms). Gallina is the specification language of the Coq Proof Assistant (Dowek et al., 1991; Huet 1992b). It is a specific concrete syntax for its abstract framework, the Calculus of Inductive Constructions (Paulin-Mohring, 1993). It may be thought of as a smooth mixture of higher-order predicate calculus with recursive definitions, inductively defined data types and inductive predicate definitions reminiscent of logic programming. The development presented here was fully checked in the current distribution version Coq V5.8. We just state the lemmas in the order in which they are proved, omitting the proof justifications. The full transcript is available as a standard library in the distribution of Coq.
In Vivo Chemical Screen in Zebrafish Embryos Identifies Regulators of Hematopoiesis Using a Semiautomated Imaging Assay

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) generate all cell types of the blood and are crucial for homeostasis of all blood lineages in vertebrates. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a rapidly evolving technique that offers potential cure for hematologic cancers, such as leukemia or lymphoma. HSCT may be autologous or allogenic. Successful HSCT depends critically on the abundance of engraftment-competent HSPCs, which are currently difficult to obtain in large numbers. Therefore, finding compounds that enhance either the number or the activity of HSPCs could improve prognosis for patients undergoing HSCT and is of great clinical interest. We developed a semiautomated screening method for whole zebrafish larvae using conventional liquid handling equipment and confocal microscopy. Applying this pipeline, we screened 550 compounds in triplicate for proliferation of HSPCs in vivo and identified several modulators of hematopoietic stem cell activity. One identified hit was valproic acid (VPA), which was further validated as a compound that expands and maintains the population of HSPCs isolated from human peripheral blood ex vivo. In summary, our in vivo zebrafish imaging screen identified several potential drug candidates with clinical relevance and could easily be further expanded to screen more compounds.
Wideband low profile tightly coupled dipole antenna array with an integrated balun

This paper presents a low profile wideband antenna array of tightly coupled dipole antennas. A slot coupled wideband balun is also integrated into the array. The proposed array is designed to operate in 2 GHz – 3.7 GHz frequency band. A finite array with 7 × 7 elements is simulated to observe the radiation and input impedance performance of the antenna. In the proposed array 64.3% impedance bandwidth is achieved along with the good radiation characteristic throughout the band of interest. The height of the proposed structure is only 0.08 λ at the lowest operating frequency.
Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe Permuting Sparse Square Matrices into Block Diagonal Form with Overlap

In this whitepaper, we describe the problem of permuting sparse square matrices into block diagonal form with overlap (BDO) and propose a graph partitioning algorithm for solving this problem. A block diagonal matrix with overlap is a block diagonal matrix whose consecutive diagonal blocks may overlap. The objective in this permutation problem is to minimize the total overlap size, whereas the permutation constraint is to maintain balance on the number of nonzeros in the diagonal blocks. This permutation problem arises in the parallelization of an explicit formulation of multiplicative Schwarz preconditioner. We define ordered Graph Partitioning by Vertex Separator (oGPVS) problem as an equivalent problem to this permutation problem. oGPVS problem is a restricted version of Graph Partitioning by Vertex Separator (GPVS) problem and the aim is to find a partition of the vertices into K ordered vertex parts and K-1 ordered separators where each two consecutive parts can be connected through only a separator, a separator can only connect two consecutive parts, and each two consecutive separators can be adjacent. The objective in the oGPVS problem is to minimize the total number of vertices in the separators, whereas the partitioning objective is to maintain balance on the part weights where part weight is defined as the sum of the weights of vertices in that part. To solve oGPVS problem, we utilized recursive bipartitioning paradigm and fixed vertices in our proposed oGPVS algorithm. We tested the performance of our algorithm in a wide range of matrices in comparison to another graph partitioning algorithm that solves the same problem. Results showed that the oGPVS algorithm performs better than the other algorithm in terms of overlap size.
Recovery of duodenal villi and cells in chickens refed protein, carbohydrate and fat

1. To clarify how histological recovery of villi and cells would be affected after refeeding single nutrients such as protein, carbohydrate and fat, male chickens were divided as follows: (1) intact control fed ad libitum a commercial finisher mash diet (CP, 140 g; ME, 11·71 MJ/kg, ALM), (2) 3 d feed withdrawal (FW), (3) FW followed by one day ad libitum free access to the mash diet (FW-ALM), and FW followed by one day force-feeding of (4) a commercial finisher pellet diet (FW-FFM) and an isocaloric diet of (5) a protein (FW-FFP), (6) a carbohydrate (FW-FFC) or (7) a fat (FW-FFF). 2. After refeeding, the formula diet groups increased in villus height and villus area and tended to increase in cell area and cell mitosis. Furthermore, flat cells on the villus tip in the F group developed to dome-shaped cells. This suggests that nutritionally well-balanced diets can induce histological recovery at villus and cellular levels. 3. Not all of the single nutrient groups recovered to the extent of the formula diet groups in all light microscopic variables after refeeding, suggesting that a single nutrient cannot induce histological recovery of the villus. 4. However, the dome-shaped cells were more distributed on the villus tip in these single nutrient groups than in the well-balanced formula diet groups, although cell diameter of the former groups was smaller than that of the latter. This suggests that the single nutrients would be effectively absorbed from cells and can induce histological recovery at the cellular level.
Comparison of efficacy of ginger with various antimotion sickness drugs.

UNLABELLED Ginger and several other medications were compared with scopolamine and d-amphetamine for effectiveness in prevention of motion sickness. METHODS Double-blind techniques were used. The subjects were given the medications two hours before they were rotated in a chair making head movements until a symptom total short of vomiting was reached. Standardized N.A. S.A. techniques were used for speed of rotation and end-point of motion sickness. RESULTS The three doses of ginger were all at the placebo level of efficacy. Amitriptyline, ethopropazine and trihexyphenidyl increased the tolerated head movements but the increase was not statistically significant. Significant levels of protection were produced by dimenhydrinate, promethazine, scopolamine and d-amphetamine. Protection was further increased by combination of these latter drugs with d-amphetamine. Efficacy was greatest as the dose was increased. CONCLUSIONS The medication of choice in this study was scopolamine 0.6 mg with d-amphetamine 10 mg. This combination provided good protection with acceptable side effects.
Transition in young adults with spina bifida: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND Adolescents and young adults with spina bifida are an at-risk population because of the complexity of their condition, developmental stage and social challenges. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the transition to adulthood in young adults with spina bifida and to explore condition-related needs and life skills required during the transition process. METHODS This qualitative study using narrative inquiry was part of a larger multi-site study of adaptation in young adults with spina bifida. Interviews were completed with 10 participants ranging in age from 18 to 25 years. The guided interview questions focused on specific dimensions of the transition experience related to the ecological model: self-management, independence and inner strength. RESULTS Three themes capturing different dimensions of the young adults' transition experiences emerged in the analysis. The themes included: (1) Struggling for independence, (2) Limiting social interactions and experiences with stigma, and (3) Building inner strength. CONCLUSION The qualitative study contributes to a better understanding of the challenges of transition to achieve self-management and social development for young adults with spina bifida. Findings in the life stories highlighted issues that necessitate increased advocacy and interventions from professionals within the health and social system.
Alleviating poverty in remote Indigenous Australia: The role of the hybrid economy

While Australia is one of the world’s richest countries in both absolute and per capita terms, many of its Indigenous peoples live in poverty. This paper seeks to elucidate some avenues for addressing poverty in remote Indigenous Australia via appropriate pro-poor growth strategies. While the Development Bulletin focuses on the Asia Pacific region, the case for including remote Indigenous Australia is twofold. First, there are many similarities in the development problems facing Indigenous poor in Australia living within a rich developed state and those in developing Third World nations. Second, Australia’s development discourse and aid practice offshore generally focuses on failed states, problems of governance and policy failure, while conveniently ignoring economic development problems at home.
Characteristics and override rates of order checks in a practitioner order entry system

Order checks are important error prevention tools when used in conjunction with practitioner order entry systems. We studied characteristics of order checks generated in a sample of consecutively entered orders during a 4 week period in an electronic medical record at VA Puget Sound. We found that in the 42,641 orders where an order check could potentially be generated, 11% generated at least one order check and many generated more than one order check. The rates at which the ordering practitioner overrode 'Critical drug interaction' and 'Allergy-drug interaction' alerts in this sample were 88% and 69% respectively. This was in part due to the presence of alerts for interactions between systemic and topical medications and for alerts generated during medication renewals. Refinement in order check logic could lead to lower override rates and increase practitioner acceptance and effectiveness of order checks.
Frequency Rank Order Statistic with Unknown Neural Network for ECG Identification System

Electrocardiograms (ECG) contain biological information which is unique to the individual. In this paper, an ECG identification system, which uses Frequency Rank Order Statistics (FROS) as a feature extraction method and Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) classifiers to identify 'other classes', is proposed. FROS handle different ECG states and BPNN classifiers, with random input weights, are used to generate a relatively high accuracy model for the identification system. Additionally, in the output layer, classified patterns are categorized according to the maximum value of the output layer nodes. Similar data is grouped into one category for the final identification result. Experiments show that the BPNN classifier produces more accurate results than an SVM and Bayesian classifier achieve on average. The proposed approach also out-performs SVMNN and LVQNN. The identification system, put forward in this paper, may be applied to an intelligent vehicular system, as an application example.
Regulation of mesangial cell Na+/Ca2+ exchanger isoforms

An isoform of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (SDNCX1.10) was cloned from mesangial cells of Sprague–Dawley rat. Regulation of this isoform was compared to two other clones that were derived from the Dahl/Rapp salt sensitive (SNCX) and salt resistant rat (RNCX). All isoforms differ at the alternative splice site and at amino acid 218 for SNCX. PKC activates RNCX but not SNCX while SDNCX1.10 was also activated by PKC. Regulation of exchanger activities by intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), pH, and kinases was assessed using Na‐dependent 45Ca2+ uptake assays in OK‐PTH cells expressing the vector, RNCX, SNCX, or SDNCX1.10. [Ca2+]i was elevated from 50 to 125 nM (n = 4) with thapsigargin (40 nM) and reduced from 50 to 29 nM (n = 4) and 18 nM (n = 4) with 10 or 20 μM BAPTA, respectively. RNCX was active at all three [Ca2+]i while SNCX and SDNCX1.10 were only active at lower [Ca2+]i. Varying extracellular pH (pHe, without nigericin) or pHe and intracellular pH (pHi, with 10 μM nigericin) from pH 7.4 to 6.2, 6.8, or 8.0 showed that SNCX activity was attenuated at both low and high pHs. SDNCX1.10 activity was attenuated only at pH 6.2 and 6.8 (with or without nigericin) while RNCX activity was attenuated at pH 6.2 (with or without nigericin) and pH 6.8 (with nigericin). Finally, only SDNCX1.10 activity was stimulated by 250 μM CPT‐cAMP or 250 μM DB‐cGMP treatment. Thus the differential regulation of [Ca2+]i by these exchangers is dependent upon the pattern of cellular Na+/Ca2+ exchanger isoform expression. J. Cell. Physiol. 199: 181–193, 2004© 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complex Evolution of a Y-Chromosomal Double Homeobox 4 (DUX4)-Related Gene Family in Hominoids

The human Y chromosome carries four human Y-chromosomal euchromatin/heterochromatin transition regions, all of which are characterized by the presence of interchromosomal segmental duplications. The Yq11.1/Yq11.21 transition region harbours a peculiar segment composed of an imperfectly organized tandem-repeat structure encoding four members of the double homeobox (DUX) gene family. By comparative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis we have documented the primary appearance of Y-chromosomal DUX genes (DUXY) on the gibbon Y chromosome. The major amplification and dispersal of DUXY paralogs occurred after the gibbon and hominid lineages had diverged. Orthologous DUXY loci of human and chimpanzee show a highly similar structural organization. Sequence alignment survey, phylogenetic reconstruction and recombination detection analyses of human and chimpanzee DUXY genes revealed the existence of all copies in a common ancestor. Comparative analysis of the circumjacent beta-satellites indicated that DUXY genes and beta-satellites evolved in concert. However, evolutionary forces acting on DUXY genes may have induced amino acid sequence differences in the orthologous chimpanzee and human DUXY open reading frames (ORFs). The acquisition of complete ORFs in human copies might relate to evolutionary advantageous functions indicating neo-functionalization. We propose an evolutionary scenario in which an ancestral tandem array DUX gene cassette transposed to the hominoid Y chromosome followed by lineage-specific chromosomal rearrangements paved the way for a species-specific evolution of the Y-chromosomal members of a large highly diverged homeobox gene family.
On the on-line functional test of the Reorder Buffer memory in superscalar processors

The Reorder Buffer (ROB) is a key component in superscalar processors. It enables both in-order commitment of instructions and precise exception management even in those architectures that support out-of-order execution. The ROB architecture typically includes a memory array whose size may reach several thousands of bits. Testing this array may be important to guarantee the correct behavior of the processor. Proprietary BIST solutions typically adopted by manufacturers for end-of-production test are not always suitable for on-line test. In fact, they require the usage of test infrastructures that may be expensive, or may not be accessible and/or documented. This paper proposes an alternative solution, based on a functional approach, which has been validated resorting to both an architectural and a memory fault simulator.
Women’s and Men’s Basketball: A Comparison of Sport Consumption Motivations

The current study was a measurement of whether or not females and males were equally likely to report being sport fans, and to identify whether the motives influencing the consumption of women’s college basketball were different than the motives influencing the consumption of men’s college basketball. Fans of women’s basketball and fans of men’s basketball were compared on nine sport consumption motives. Data for the project came from 318 fans attending women’s basketball games and 316 fans attending men’s basketball games. Based upon the results, men had significantly higher sport fan ratings than women. There were significant differences between females and males on two of the sport consumption motives, Aesthetics and Knowledge. Men reported a greater appreciation for the natural beauty in the game of basketball, and greater enjoyment of games because of their knowledge of basketball. There was no significant difference between the two motives rated highest by women and men, the Action in games and the .
ON TWO CONJECTURES REGARDING AN INVERSE EIGENVALUE PROBLEM FOR ACYCLIC SYMMETRIC MATRICES

For a given acyclic graph G, an important problem is to characterize all of the eigenvalues over all symmetric matrices with graph G. Of particular interest is the connection between this standard inverse eigenvalue problem and describing all the possible associated ordered multiplicity lists, along with determining the minimum number of distinct eigenvalues for a symmetric matrix with graph G. In this note two important open questions along these lines are resolved, both in the negative.
The eye-voice lead during oral reading in developmental dyslexia

In reading aloud, the eye typically leads over voice position. In the present study, eye movements and voice utterances were simultaneously recorded and tracked during the reading of a meaningful text to evaluate the eye-voice lead in 16 dyslexic and 16 same-age control readers. Dyslexic children were slower than control peers in reading texts. Their slowness was characterized by a great number of silent pauses and sounding-out behaviors and a small lengthening of word articulation times. Regarding eye movements, dyslexic readers made many more eye fixations (and generally smaller rightward saccades) than controls. Eye movements and voice (which were shifted in time because of the eye-voice lead) were synchronized in dyslexic readers as well as controls. As expected, the eye-voice lead was significantly smaller in dyslexic than control readers, confirming early observations by Buswell (1921) and Fairbanks (1937). The eye-voice lead was significantly correlated with several eye movements and voice parameters, particularly number of fixations and silent pauses. The difference in performance between dyslexic and control readers across several eye and voice parameters was expressed by a ratio of about 2. We propose that referring to proportional differences allows for a parsimonious interpretation of the reading deficit in terms of a single deficit in word decoding. The possible source of this deficit may call for visual or phonological mechanisms, including Goswami's temporal sampling framework.
Gene Expression Profiling in Rodent Models for Schizophrenia

The complex neurodevelopmental disorder schizophrenia is thought to be induced by an interaction between predisposing genes and environmental stressors. In order to get a better insight into the aetiology of this complex disorder, animal models have been developed. In this review, we summarize mRNA expression profiling studies on neurodevelopmental, pharmacological and genetic animal models for schizophrenia. We discuss parallels and contradictions among these studies, and propose strategies for future research.
A recombination strategy for multi-band speech recognition based on mutual information criterion

This paper presents a recombination strategy for multiband automatic speech recognition (MB-ASR). Several recent works have suggested that MB-ASR gives more accurate recognition, especially in noisy acoustic environments. The main issue in this study concerns the sub-band score recombination in MB-ASR framework. Intuitively, it seems very improbable that all sub-band features have the same amount of information for speech recognition. We therefore investigate to weight the contribution from each band at the recombination process by using a strategy derived from the information theory. The quantity of information is well determined by the mutual information between band features and target phoneme categories to be recognized. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy improves for noisy speech by using three and six stream systems with the proposed approach.