Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
During REM

Memory consolidation is most commonly described by the standard model, which proposes an initial binding role for the hippocampus which diminishes over time as intracortical connections are strengthened. Recent evidence suggests that slow wave sleep (SWS) plays an essential role in this process. Existing animal and human studies have suggested that memories which fit tightly into an existing knowledge framework or schema might use an alternative consolidation route in which the medial prefrontal cortex takes on the binding role. In this study we sought to investigate the role of sleep in this process using a novel melodic memory task. Participants were asked to remember 32 melodies, half of which conformed to a tonal schema present in all enculturated listeners, and half of which did not fit with this schema. After a 24-hour consolidation interval, participants were asked to remember a further 32 melodies, before being given a recognition test in which melodies from both sessions were presented alongside some previously unheard foils. Participants remembered schema-conformant melodies better than non-conformant ones. This was much more strongly the case for consolidated melodies, suggesting that consolidation over a 24-hour period preferentially consolidated schema-conformant items. Overnight sleep was monitored between the sessions, and the extent of the consolidation benefit for schema-conformant items was associated with both the amount of REM sleep obtained and EEG theta power in frontal and central regions during REM sleep. Overall our data suggest that REM sleep plays a crucial role in the rapid consolidation of schema-conformant items. This finding is consistent with previous results from animal studies and the SLIMM model of van Kesteren et al (2012), and suggest that REM sleep, rather than SWS, may be involved in an alternative pathway of consolidation for schema-conformant memories.
Regime Transitions in a Stochastically Forced Double-Gyre Model

A reduced-gravity double-gyre ocean model is used to study the influence of an additive stochastic wind stress component on the regime behavior of the wind-driven circulation. The variance of the stochastic component (spatially coherent white noise) representing the effect of atmospheric transient eddies is chosen to be spatially inhomogeneous. This is done to account for the observed concentration of eddy activity along the North Atlantic and North Pacific storm tracks. As a result the double-gyre model with a spatially inhomogeneous stochastic forcing shows a bimodal behavior. One regime shows a quasi-antisymmetric; the second regime a nonsymmetric flow pattern. It is suggested that the nonsymmetric regime corresponds to one member of a known nonsymmetric pair of stationary solutions. Actually no stationary solutions are explicitly calculated in this study. The bimodality does not appear without a spatially inhomogeneous stochastic forcing nor with spatially homogeneous stochastic forcing. Therefore, the regime transitions are induced by the inhomogeneity of the white noise variance. The study suggests that the stochastic forcing enables the system to reach the neighborhood of an unstable fixed point that is not reached without the spatially inhomogeneous stochastic wind field. The unstable fixed point then acts to steer the model in a temporarily persistent regime.
Implicit Surface Tension for SPH Fluid Simulation

The numerical simulation of surface tension is an active area of research in many different fields of application and has been attempted using a wide range of methods. Our contribution is the derivation and implementation of an implicit cohesion force based approach for the simulation of surface tension effects using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. We define a continuous formulation inspired by the properties of surface tension at the molecular scale which is spatially discretized using SPH. An adapted variant of the linearized backward Euler method is used for time discretization, which we also strongly couple with an implicit viscosity model. Finally, we extend our formulation with adhesion forces for interfaces with rigid objects. Existing SPH approaches for surface tension in computer graphics are mostly based on explicit time integration, thereby lacking in stability for challenging settings. We compare our implicit surface tension method to these approaches and further evaluate our model on a wider variety of complex scenarios, showcasing its efficacy and versatility. Among others, these include but are not limited to simulations of a water crown, a dripping faucet, and a droplet toy.
Resource Allocation for Two Resource Allocation for Two ⁃⁃ Tier RIS Tier RIS ⁃⁃ AssistedAssisted Heterogeneous NOMA Networks Heterogeneous NOMA Networks

: Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) as a promising technology has been proposed to change weak communication environ⁃ ments. However, most of the current resource allocation (RA) schemes have focused on RIS - assisted homogeneous networks, and there is still no open works about RA schemes of RIS - assisted heterogeneous networks (HetNets). In this paper, we design an RA scheme for a RIS - assisted HetNet with non - orthogonal multiple access to improve spectrum efficiency and transmission rates. In particular, we jointly optimize the transmit power of the small - cell base station and the phase - shift matrix of the RIS to maximize the sum rates of all small - cell users, subject to the unit modulus constraint, the minimum signal - to - interference - plus - noise ratio constraint, and the cross - tier interference constraint for protecting communication quality of microcell users. An efficient suboptimal RA scheme is proposed based on the alternating iteration ap⁃ proach, and successive convex approximation and logarithmic transformation approach. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the pro⁃ posed scheme in terms of data rates.
Assessment of Respiratory Health Impact of Fuel-Wood Utilization on Exposed Rural Women in Odeda, Southwestern, Nigeria.

This study monitored the concentration of seven air pollutants and examined the concentration of Carbon monoxide (CO) and Carboxylhaemoglobin (COHb) in human breath and blood among the exposed rural women. A total of 12 villages were purposively selected from the list of villages in Odeda Local government area, (Southwestern Nigeria). Active air samplers were used to monitor air quality at the cooking points in houses selected through systematic random sampling. Air monitoring was observed in replicates between November 2012 and January 2013. In order to elicit information on energy utilization and occurrence of air pollution related health problems among the rural dwellers, one questionnaire was administered to the available female in each selected house. The mean±SD (ppm) concentrations of pollutants monitored across the villages were CO: 15.18±4.29; CO2: 44.09±10.74; NO2: 0.59±0.12; SO2: 2.05±0.65; CH4: 0.58±0.51; PM10: 98.64±9.22 and PM2.5: 43.81±11.11 at average wind speed of 3.11±0.57 m/s. The overall means of Breath CO (ppm) and % COHb were 2.17±0.58 and 1.47±0.37 respectively. PM10 had the highest mean concentration. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the mean concentration of air pollutants across the selected communities except for CH4. However, there was significant negative correlation between PM2.5 and Breath CO (p ≤ 0.05). Health problems frequently experienced in the study area were catarrh, eye irritation, cough, sneezing, dry throat and nausea, shortness of breath, headache, dizziness and skin irritation.
Application Of Fuzzy Ahp on Transportation Mode Selection: The Case of Cut Flower Business

The aim of this study, which was carried out in an enterprise exporting cut flowers, is to determine the criteria that are important in the selection of transportation types used by cut flower enterprises in international trade and to rank them according to their importance. For this purpose, face-to-face interviews were conducted with the personnel in charge of logistics of an enterprise operating in the cut flower sector and engaged in export activities. As a result of the data obtained from these interviews and detailed literature review, the criteria affecting the choice of transportation type of the enterprise were determined as speed, cost, reliability, traceability and flexibility and the officials compared these criteria in pairs according to their importance. The data obtained from the comparisons were analyzed with the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method, one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the criteria with the highest level of importance for the cut flower business were speed and reliability, while cost and traceability had a medium level of importance and flexibility had a low level of importance.
Geology of the Huerfano Park area, Huerfano and Custer Counties, Colorado

_____________________. _______ __________ __ 87 Introduction. _____________________________________________________ 87 Sedimentary rocks. ________________________________________________ 91 Paleozoic. _ _______I. __________________________________________ 91 Pennsylvanian_ ___________________________________________ 91 Pennsylvanian and Permian. _______________________________ 93 Mesozoic_ _____-_____-_,__--____________-___-_-_________-----__ 94 Jurassic. _________________________________________________ 94 Cretaceous_ _ ____________________________________________ 96 Cenozoic -__-_----___---___-______________--_-_________----___ 101 Tertiary__________---_--________________-___________-____. 101 Deposits of Quaternary age. ____-___-_____--____-__. __-----_ 104 Metamorphic rocks________________________________________________ 104 Igneous rocks_______-____-_-__--___________-_-_______________----105 Structural geology. _______________________________________________ 107 Sangre de Cristo Mountains thrust complex. _____________________ 107 Paludura Creek overthrust salient-__________________________ 108 Greaser Creek overthrust salient___--__-___-_______--__-_109 J. M. overthrust salient__________________________^_________ 110 Wet Mountains fault complex_________________________________ 111 Geologic history. __________________________________________________ 113 References. -. ___________________________________________________ 116 Index-_--__. ___________________________________. 119
Optimal Infrastructure after Trade Reform in India.

Lower tariﬀs typically raise productivity, production, and trade, increasing the beneﬁts from building infrastructure. Infrastructure spending by governments should therefore increase after countries open up to trade. I test this hypothesis empirically using a trade reform in India and ﬁnd that a 1 percentage point reduction in tariﬀs increased states’ infrastructure spending by 0.5% between 1991 and 2001. To understand the mechanisms behind my empirical ﬁndings, I develop and calibrate a multi-region model of international trade, private capital accumulation, and infrastructure spending, in which each government chooses such spending to maximize their state’s welfare. I ﬁnd if governments choose infrastructure following the reform optimally, infrastructure would have increased by 60% on average. The actual increase, based on my empirical ﬁndings, was about 29%. Looking at categories of infrastructure, I ﬁnd that government’s response in transport related infrastructure was 90% of what will be optimal within this model. Counterfactual exercises show that raising aggregate infrastructure towards its optimal following the trade reform will result in state GDP to increase by 7% on average.
Chronus : um novo suplemento para a redução de dados U-Pb obtidos por LA-MC-ICPMS

iv SUMÁRIO . v ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS . viii ÍNDICE DE TABELAS . xii 1 Introdução . 1 2 Objetivos e Justificativa. 2 3 Revisão da literatura . 3 3.1 Programação de Computadores . 3 Lógica, lógica de programação e outros conceitos relacionados. 3 3.1. 1. Tipos de Informação . 4 3.1. 2. Variáveis e Constantes. 6 3.1. 3. Expressões Aritiméticas e Lógicas . 6 3.1. 4. Estruturas de Controle . 8 3.1. 5. Modularização de Algoritmos . 13 3.1. 6. Escopo de variáveis . 14 3.1. 7. 3.2 Linguagens de programação orientadas a objetos . 14 Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) . 15 3.2. 1. 3.3 Geocronologia pelo método U-Pb . 17 Propriedades químicas dos elementos U e Pb . 17 3.3.1. Equações básicas para o cálculo de idades . 18 3.3.2. Diagramas de concórdia Wetherill . 19 3.3.3. Análise dos isótopos de U e Pb por LA-ICPMS . 20 3.3. 4. Isótopos de U e Pb em zircão . 25 3.3. 5.
Towards robust neural networks via a global and monotonically decreasing robustness training strategy

Robustness of deep neural networks (DNNs) has caused great concerns in the academic and industrial communities, especially in safety-critical domains. Instead of verifying whether the robustness property holds or not in certain neural networks, this paper focuses on training robust neural networks with respect to given perturbations. State-of-the-art training methods, interval bound propagation (IBP) and CROWN-IBP, perform well with respect to small perturbations, but their performance declines significantly in large perturbation cases, which is termed “drawdown risk” in this paper. Specifically, drawdown risk refers to the phenomenon that IBP-family training methods cannot provide expected robust neural networks in larger perturbation cases, as in smaller perturbation cases. To alleviate the unexpected drawdown risk, we propose a global and monotonically decreasing robustness training strategy that takes multiple perturbations into account during each training epoch (global robustness training), and the corresponding robustness losses are combined with monotonically decreasing weights (monotonically decreasing robustness training). With experimental demonstrations, our presented strategy maintains performance on small perturbations and the drawdown risk on large perturbations is alleviated to a great extent. It is also noteworthy that our training method achieves higher model accuracy than the original training methods, which means that our presented training strategy gives more balanced consideration to robustness and accuracy.
A knowledge-guided and traditional Chinese medicine informed approach for herb recommendation

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an interesting research topic in China’s thousands of years of history. With the recent advances in artificial intelligence technology, some researchers have started to focus on learning the TCM prescriptions in a data-driven manner. This involves appropriately recommending a set of herbs based on patients’ symptoms. Most existing herb recommendation models disregard TCM domain knowledge, for example, the interactions between symptoms and herbs and the TCM-informed observations (i.e., TCM formulation of prescriptions). In this paper, we propose a knowledge-guided and TCM-informed approach for herb recommendation. The knowledge used includes path interactions and co-occurrence relationships among symptoms and herbs from a knowledge graph generated from TCM literature and prescriptions. The aforementioned knowledge is used to obtain the discriminative feature vectors of symptoms and herbs via a graph attention network. To increase the ability of herb prediction for the given symptoms, we introduce TCM-informed observations in the prediction layer. We apply our proposed model on a TCM prescription dataset, demonstrating significant improvements over state-of-the-art herb recommendation methods.
Embedded resource accounting for coupled natural‐human systems: An application to water resource impacts of the western U.S. electrical energy trade

In complex coupled natural‐human systems (CNH), multitype networks link social, environmental, and economic systems with flows of matter, energy, information, and value. Embedded Resource Accounting (ERA) is a systems analysis framework that includes the indirect connections of a multitype CNH network. ERA is conditioned on perceived system boundaries, which may vary according to the accountant's point of view. Both direct and indirect impacts are implicit whenever two subnetworks interact in such a system; the ratio of two subnetworks' impacts is the embedded intensity. For trade in the services of water, this is understood as the indirect component of a water footprint, and as “virtual water” trade. ERA is a generalization of input‐output, footprint, and substance flow methods, and is a type of life cycle analysis. This paper presents results for the water and electrical energy system in the western U.S. This system is dominated by California, which outsources the majority of its water footprint of electrical energy. Electricity trade increases total water consumption for electricity production in the western U.S. by 15% and shifts water use to water‐stressed Colorado River Basin States. A systemic underaccounting for water footprints occurs because state‐level processes discount a portion of the water footprint occurring outside of the state boundary.
Survey of New Zealand soil orders.

Allan Hewitt Landcare Research, PO Box 40, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand ABSTRACT: The diversity of soils in New Zealand is demonstrated by the range of soil orders in the New Zealand soil classifi cation system. These are briefl y described, and depicted in a national 1:3 000 000 scale soil map. Two types of soil properties are contrasted. Inherent soil properties defi ne the substance of the soil body that is relatively unchanging over human timescale. This is the primary focus for national soil resource surveys. Dynamic soil properties indicate the effects on the soil of land use pressures and are measured to assess the soil quality (also known as soil health). Both the inherent and dynamic soil properties are important for the evaluation of soil natural capital. Data sources in New Zealand for soil properties are described
The Effect of Job Satisfaction And Organizational Communication On Employee Performance At PT. X During The Covid-19 Pandemic

Changes in work situations during the Covid-19 pandemic and company policies regarding business continuity have impacted employee performance. This study aims to analyze the effect of job satisfaction and organizational communication on PT employees' performance. X during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses quantitative methods with sampling techniques, non-probability sampling with type purposive sampling. The sample in this study are employees who have status as permanent employees and work at PT. X by using the method of working from home, from the office, or a combination of the two methods. The analytical tool used is the descriptive analysis of job satisfaction, organizational communication, and employee performance. Descriptive analysis of respondents' demographic categories on age, gender, last education, marital status, years of service, division, domicile, and working method. The data processing in this study uses multiple linear regression techniques. The results of this study indicate a positive influence of job satisfaction on the performance of employees of PT. X during the Covid-19 pandemic. Organizational communication has a positive effect on the performance of employees of PT. X during the Covid-19 pandemic. Job satisfaction and organizational communication simultaneously affect the performance of employees at PT. X during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Assessing the Electronic and Optical Properties of Lanathanum Diselenide: a computational study

The lanthanide polychalcogenides are a diverse family of compounds with numerous tuneable properties, but only recently has stoichiometric LaSe 2 been proposed as a hole transport material. Clariﬁcation over its electronic, optical and transport properties is necessary for its future development as a functional material – in this work, we perform hybrid Density Functional Theory calculations to examine and assess these properties. We ﬁnd that LaSe 2 has strongly anisotropic hole transport properties due to the valence band maximum comprising π antibonding interactions in Se-Se dimers, and a resultant 2 order of magnitude diﬀerence in predicted mobilities. An indirect gap together with forbidden electronic transitions is predicted to lead to a delayed onset of optical absorption, making LaSe 2 a strong candidate for an IR-transparent hole conducting material.
Unexpected Single-Ligand Occupancy and Negative Cooperativity in the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease

Many homodimeric enzymes tune their functions by exploiting either negative or positive cooperativity between subunits. In the SARS-CoV-2 Main protease (Mpro) homodimer, the latter has been suggested by symmetry in most of the 500 reported protease/ligand complex structures solved by macromolecular crystallography (MX). Here we apply the latter to both covalent and noncovalent ligands in complex with Mpro. Strikingly, our experiments show that the occupation of both active sites of the dimer originates from an excess of ligands. Indeed, cocrystals obtained using a 1:1 ligand/protomer stoichiometry lead to single occupation only. The empty binding site exhibits a catalytically inactive geometry in solution, as suggested by molecular dynamics simulations. Thus, Mpro operates through negative cooperativity with the asymmetric activity of the catalytic sites. This allows it to function with a wide range of substrate concentrations, making it resistant to saturation and potentially difficult to shut down, all properties advantageous for the virus’ adaptability and resistance.
Probabilistic calibration of a distributed hydrological model for flood forecasting

Abstract The complexity of distributed hydrological models has led to improvements in calibration methodologies in recent years. There are various manual, automatic and hybrid methods of calibration. Most use a single objective function to calculate estimation errors. The use of multi-objective calibration improves results, since different aspects of the hydrograph may be considered simultaneously. However, the uncertainty of estimates from a hydrological model can only be taken into account by using a probabilistic approach. This paper presents a calibration method of probabilistic nature, based on the determination of probability functions that best characterize different parameters of the model. The method was applied to the Real-time Interactive Basin Simulator (RIBS) distributed hydrological model using the Manzanares River basin in Spain as a case study. The proposed method allows us to consider the uncertainty in the model estimates by obtaining the probability distributions of flows in the flood hydrograph. Citation Mediero, L. , Garrote, L. & Martín-Carrasco, F. J. (2011) Probabilistic calibration of a distributed hydrological model for flood forecasting. Hydrol. Sci. J. 56(7), 1129–1149.