Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictable Reactive Processors for Next Generation Computing : A Proposal

have been working on a family of processors they term as reactive processors [20]. Reactive architectures are specialized embedded processors that directly interact with the environment through a specialized instruction set architecture (ISA). The hallmark of reactive processing is timing predictability and efficient resource usage, using the synchronous model of execution as exemplified by the Esterel programming language. The initial idea was proposed by Salcic and Roop of Auckland University in 2002 and was subsequently explored and extended by the research team of von Hanxleden et al. at Kiel University. Predictable execution of embedded systems using processors that guarantee timing has also gained momentum through the concept of Precision timed or PRET machines recently advocated by Edwards and Lee at DAC 2007 [8]. While architectures since the early 80s went for average case performance increase as the main metric of success, Edwards and Lee argue that " it is time for a new era of processors whose temporal behaviour is as easily controlled as their logical function ". There is good evidence that the reactive processing approach has much to offer here, and the goal of the work proposed here is to investigate how the diverse approaches taken at Auckland and Kiel can be combined and extended. Specifically, we would like (1) to investigate alternative ISAs that offer predictable timing, starting from high-level programs given in Esterel and possibly other languages, such as Java, (2) to investigate suitable models for distributed reactive processing, and (3) to build the foundations for a family of next-generation reactive processors that guarantee predictable execution.
Origins and consequences of hyperosmolar stress in retinal pigmented epithelial cells

The retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) is composed of retinal pigmented epithelial cells joined by tight junctions and represents the outer blood-retinal barrier (BRB). The inner BRB is made of endothelial cells joined by tight junctions and glial extensions surrounding all the retinal blood vessels. One of the functions of the RPE is to maintain an osmotic transepithelial gradient created by ionic pumps and channels, avoiding paracellular flux. Under such physiological conditions, transcellular water movement follows the osmotic gradient and flows normally from the retina to the choroid through the RPE. Several diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, are characterized by the BRB breakdown leading to leakage of solutes, proteins, and fluid from the retina and the choroid. The prevailing hypothesis explaining macular edema formation during diabetic retinopathy incriminates the inner BRB breakdown resulting in increased osmotic pressure leading in turn to massive water accumulation that can affect vision. Under these conditions, it has been hypothesized that RPE is likely to be exposed to hyperosmolar stress at its apical side. This review summarizes the origins and consequences of osmotic stress in the RPE. Ongoing and further research advances will clarify the mechanisms, at the molecular level, involved in the response of the RPE to osmotic stress and delineate potential novel therapeutic targets and tools.
Human capital: the need to be evaluated

In this millennium, managing turbulent economic environment has become an important task for the nation, whose essential and primary purpose is to obtain competitive advantage. The progress of developed countries contributed to the formation of the new economy, knowledge economy, innovation, new technologies and business ventures. Human capital is the foundation of this new economy. The changing role of human capital transformation of element cost in the main productive factor and social development has led to the necessity of a new paradigm of economic growth. In the transition from the industrial to the information paradigm change occurs social relations economic, covering all spheres of human activity. Thus human capital is determined by the efficiency and competitiveness of subjects at different levels. In the new paradigm of global community development, human capital has a role in national wealth. Researchers have pointed that the human capital is the core competency of the nation and has the capacity to gain sustainable competitive advantage. The purpose of this article is to develop an evaluation model based on a qualitative and quantitative index system of human capital, so as to provide a good tool for country to manage their human capital. A case study found that there is a significant relationship between the scores of the human capital elements of a country and its performance, which proves the validity and rationality of the human capital model and the qualitative and quantitative index system.
Gene Dosage and Gene Duplicability

The evolutionary process leading to the fixation of newly duplicated genes is not well understood. It was recently proposed that the fixation of duplicate genes is frequently driven by positive selection for increased gene dosage (i.e., the gene dosage hypothesis), because haploinsufficient genes were reported to have more paralogs than haplosufficient genes in the human genome. However, the previous analysis incorrectly assumed that the presence of dominant abnormal alleles of a human gene means that the gene is haploinsufficient, ignoring the fact that many dominant abnormal alleles arise from gain-of-function mutations. Here we show in both humans and yeast that haploinsufficient genes generally do not duplicate more frequently than haplosufficient genes. Yeast haploinsufficient genes do exhibit enhanced retention after whole-genome duplication compared to haplosufficient genes if they encode members of stable protein complexes, but the same phenomenon is absent if the genes do not encode protein complex members, suggesting that the dosage balance effect rather than the dosage effect is the underlying cause of the phenomenon. On the basis of these and other results, we conclude that selection for higher gene dosage does not play a major role in driving the fixation of duplication genes.
Measureable Dimensions of Visual Mental Imagery and Their Relationship With Listening Comprehension: Evidence From Forensic Arts and Latent Class Analysis

This study investigates the dimensions of visual mental imagery (VMI) in aural discourse comprehension. We introduce a new approach to inspect VMIs which integrates forensic arts and latent class analysis. Thirty participants listened to three descriptive oral excerpts and then verbalized what they had seen in their mind’s eye. The verbalized descriptions were simultaneously illustrated by two trained artists using the Adobe Photoshop® and the digital drawing tablets with electromagnetic induction technology, generating approximations of the VMIs. Next, a code sheet was developed to examine the illustrated VMIs on 16 dimensions. Latent class analysis identified three classes of VMI imaginers with nine discriminating dimensions: clarity, completeness of figures, details, shape crowdedness, shape-added features, texture, space, time and motion, and flamboyance. The classes were further differentiated based on the significant differences in their listening abilities. An individual lacking the ability to imagine (a condition called Aphantasia) and some evidence that VMIs in listening are both symbolic and depictive were also found.
High-resolution, three-dimensional fluorescent imaging reveals multilayer conduction pattern in the atrioventricular node.

BACKGROUND The atrioventricular node (AVN) is the only normal electrical link between the upper and lower chambers of the heart. The AVN modulates transmission of impulses, thus coordinating the contraction of the atria and ventricles. METHODS AND RESULTS Structural and functional complexity, combined with the absence of adequate experimental techniques, has complicated attempts to directly evaluate the three-dimensional electrical activity of the AVN. Thus, despite a century of research by conventional electrophysiologic and histologic methods, even the existence of conduction through AVN is still debated. CONCLUSIONS Using a novel combination of microelectrode recordings and high resolution fluorescent imaging with voltage-sensitive dyes, we have for the first time clearly demonstrated three-dimensional conduction through the AVN.
Privacy-Aware Big Data Warehouse Architecture

Along with the ever increasing growth in data collection and its mining, there is an increasing fear of compromising individual and population privacy. Several techniques have been proposed in literature to preserve privacy of collected data while storing and processing. In this paper, we propose a privacy-aware architecture for storing and processing data in a Big Data warehouse. In particular, we propose a flexible, extendable, and adaptable architecture that enforces user specified privacy requirements in the form of Embedded Privacy Agreements. The paper discusses the details of the architecture with some implementation details.
Nucleosome dynamics during chromatin remodeling in vivo

ABSTRACT Precise positioning of nucleosomes around regulatory sites is achieved by the action of chromatin remodelers, which use the energy of ATP to slide, evict or change the composition of nucleosomes. Chromatin remodelers act to bind nucleosomes, disrupt histone-DNA interactions and translocate the DNA around the histone core to reposition nucleosomes. Hence, remodeling is expected to involve nucleosomal intermediates with a structural organization that is distinct from intact nucleosomes. We describe the identification of a partially unwrapped nucleosome structure using methods that map histone-DNA contacts genome-wide. This alternative nucleosome structure is likely formed as an intermediate or by-product during nucleosome remodeling by the RSC complex. Identification of the loss of histone-DNA contacts during chromatin remodeling by RSC in vivo has implications for the regulation of transcriptional initiation.
Spatially Decomposed Searching by Heterogeneous Unmanned Systems

Unmanned vehicle control algorithms are continuously evolving, but may still overlook benefits of the intrinsic spatial separation offered in operations spanning multiple planes (aerial, ground/surface, underwater, etc.). We approach the problem of distributing a search space among heterogeneous vehicles over multiple planes from a distributed computing perspective. This yields a decomposition framework which we present with two sample search implementations: a distributed pheromone-based search, and a centralized auctioning search. Both algorithms operate similarly, incorporating differences among search vehicles and taking advantage of the inherent spatial separation between classes of vehicles to simplify searching. An Initial implementation of an auction-based search built on the decomposition framework is discussed along with potential future development
Identification and subcellular localization of the RP1 protein in human and mouse photoreceptors.

PURPOSE Mutations in the RP1 gene account for 6% to 10% of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). Previous studies have shown that the RP1 gene is expressed specifically in photoreceptor cells. So far, little is known about the RP1 protein or how mutations in RP1 lead to photoreceptor cell death. The goal of this study was to identify the RP1 protein and investigate its location in photoreceptor cells. METHODS A combination of RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) was used to isolate the full-length mouse Rp1 cDNA. Antibodies against different regions of the predicted mouse Rp1 protein were generated. Western blot analyses were used to identify the RP1/Rp1 proteins. The subcellular location of RP1 in human and mouse retinas was determined by immunostaining retinal sections. RESULTS The full-length mouse Rp1 cDNA is 6944 bp, encoding a predicted protein of 2095 amino acids. Rp1 was found to be a soluble protein of approximately 240 kDa, consistent with predictions based on the cDNA sequence. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed that both the human RP1 and mouse Rp1 proteins are specifically localized in the connecting cilia of rod and cone photoreceptors. CONCLUSIONS The presence of RP1/Rp1 in connecting cilia suggests that it may participate in transport of proteins between the inner and outer segments of photoreceptors or in maintenance of cilial structure. This study forms the basis for further investigation of the function of RP1 in retina and the mechanism by which mutations in RP1 lead to photoreceptor cell death.
Scaling Evolution of Universal Dark Matter Halo Density Profiles

Dark matter halos show a universal density profile with a scaling such that less massive systems are typically denser. This mass-density relation is well described by a proportionality between the characteristic density of halos and the mean cosmic density at halo formation time. It has recently been shown that this proportionality could be the result of the following simple evolutionary picture. Halos form in major mergers with essentially the same, cosmogony-dependent, dimensionless profile and then grow inside out as a consequence of accretion. Here we verify the consistency of this picture and show that it predicts the correct zero point of the mass-density relation.
Do More Powerful Interest Groups Have a Disproportionate Influence on Policy?

Decisions-makers often rely on information supplied by interested parties. In practice, some parties have easier access to information than other parties. In this light, we examine whether more powerful parties have a disproportionate influence on decisions. We show that more powerful parties influence decisions with higher probability when their stakes are sufficiently large. However, in expected terms, decisions do not depend on the relative strength of interested parties. When parties have not provided information, decisions are biased towards the less powerful parties. Finally, we show that compelling parties to supply information destroys incentives to collect information.
Teacher Perception of Preschool Disruptive Behavior: Prevalence and Contributing Factors

ABSTRACT The ways in which teachers perceive and subsequently respond to preschoolers’ behavior have significant implications for children’s experience in the classroom. To further understand the nature and variability of teacher perception of young children’s behavior, this study examined how teachers characterized the disruptive behaviors of a large and diverse sample of preschoolers (N = 2,427) at the beginning of the school year. Descriptive analyses provide extensive information regarding the frequency, severity, and comorbidity with which teachers reported preschoolers to display hyperactivity, inattention, and oppositionality in the classroom. Further, multilevel regression models allowed for examination of the association between perception of disruptive behavior and teachers’ demographic, professional background, and belief characteristics. Research Findings: Findings provide a current understanding of the salience of classroom disruptive behavior as seen through the eyes of the preschool teacher and indicate a nuanced relationship between this perception and teacher characteristics. Specifically, findings highlight teacher race/ethnicity, behavioral attribution beliefs, and self-efficacy to be uniquely associated with perception of preschoolers’ various behavior problems. Practice or Policy: Implications for teacher training and school-based intervention are discussed.
Outcome of a Community-Based Oral Health Promotion Project on Primary Schoolchildren's Oral Hygiene Habits

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a school-based intervention project conducted in a mid-sized Finnish city, Laukaa on schoolchildren's oral health behavior. Material and Methods. In the intervention, all children received dental education and some of the 7–12-year-old schoolchildren received individual tooth brushing instructions by a dental nurse in 2009-2010. Parents were present at the instruction sessions. In 2009 and 2010, all the children answered a questionnaire or an oral hygienist on their oral health behavior without identification. Results. Tooth brushing frequency increased significantly among the schoolchildren between the years 2009 (61.2%) and 2010 (65%) (P < 0.05); more so among younger children (7–10-year-olds) compared to the older ones (11-12-year-olds). The 2010 results showed a slight trend of decreasing tooth brushing frequency by age both among girls and boys. Younger children got significantly more often parental help or reminding. The girls brushed their teeth significantly more frequently (71.9%) than boys (57.0%). Conclusions. Our findings indicate that oral health intervention can be beneficial on health behavior especially for children at low grades. All children, 11 to 12 years of age, especially boys, need continuous health promotion.
A Self-Organized Network Model with Local World and Its Robustness

In order to accurately simulate real networks, we present a self-organized network model with local world and find some nontrivial features. Nodal fitness of the model has a uniform distribution and power-law tail above critical value, its nodal degree distribution has a power-law behavior similar with nodal fitness when nodal degree is larger than local world size M. Further numerical results demonstrate that the model can tolerate random failure and intentional attack very well with bigger M.
Employees’ Responses to Perceived Organizational Injustice: Examining the Role of Psychological Capital

The present study examined the relationship of perceived organizational injustice (POI), delineated in four dimensions-perceived distributive injustice, perceived procedural injustice, perceived informational injustice and perceived interpersonal injustice with response variables namely exit, voice, loyalty, neglect and cynicism collectively called as EVLNC. The main assertion of the study is psychological capital, further delineated in hope, efficacy, resilience and optimism, which is to be studied as an intervening variable in the relationship between POI and EVLNC. It was interesting to find out interrelationship between these variables to be malleable for making a positive contribution. It is pertinent to explore the configurational aspects of the relationships between the clusters of the variables that interplay in final workplace outcomes of the employees e.g. job satisfaction, employees’ performance, employees’ commitment, motivation. The research has two fold objectives. First, to highlight the relationship between perceived organizational injustice and exit, voice, loyalty, neglect and cynicism (EVLNC) responses as an improvement over EVLN typology and tofind out the relationship of each of the four dimensions of organizational injustice (distributive, procedural, informational and interpersonal injustice) and EVLNC responses, so that it can be concluded which type of organizational injustice influence employees’ EVLNC responses more seriously than the other in a context not considered earlier and two, to examine the role of Positive Organizational Behavioure i.e. Psychological Capital (PsyCap) in the relationship between perceived organizational injustice and employee responses of EVLNC to enhance the predictive capacity of justice dimensions in explaining outcomes and to analyze the comparative and relative strength of PsyCap in the relationship between perceived organizational injustice and employees’ responses with respect to all the four dimensions of organizational injustice (distributive, procedural, informational and interpersonal injustice) in different organizational settings. The present research is quantitative and empirical in nature with descriptive and causal research design and based on the deductive methodology and adopted quantitative approach to interpret the findings.
Developing an Error Logging Framework for Ruby on Rails Application Using AOP

A framework for detecting and recording the flaws that happen during the usage of web applications is designed and a library functionality to perform this is discussed in this paper. The recorded information can be stored at different levels of detail, commonly called the logging levels. For some modules more than others, it may be required to store more detailed information about any error that arises during its usage according to its importance. A Web Application also needs to print the stack trace containing the error information on the web page when an error occurs for the user to understand the nature of the error. When dealing with legacy web applications, it is difficult to insert code. The proposed and designed framework is tested with a web application called Kic Kart.
Cocos Can Drive Markets Cuckoo

Bank-issued contingent-convertible capital instruments (known colloquially as “cocos”), have started to gain popularity as a less costly substitute for common equity that will nonetheless improve the stability of financial institutions in crisis situations. However, cocos are new and untested instruments, and in a future financial crisis they are likely to incentivize behaviors and trading strategies (notably panic selling, short selling and the use of credit default swaps) that have the potential to harm bank confidence. Without confidence, banks will have difficulty funding themselves and the likely consequences of bank difficulties (credit crunches and possible bail-outs) will be felt by society at large. This should make regulators exceedingly wary of endorsing the use of cocos. Indeed, many of the supposed benefits of cocos over ordinary common equity appear to be illusory: to best preserve systemic stability, regulatory capital requirements should therefore be satisfied with common equity rather than cocos.
A new notion of vertex independence and rank for finite graphs

A new notion of vertex independence and rank for a finite graph G is introduced. The independence of vertices is based on the boolean independence of columns of a natural boolean matrix associated to G. Rank is the cardinality of the largest set of independent columns. Some basic properties and some more advanced theorems are proved. Geometric properties of the graph are related to its rank and independent sets.
ManyLoDs: Parallel Many‐View Level‐of‐Detail Selection for Real‐Time Global Illumination

Level‐of‐Detail structures are a key component for scalable rendering. Built from raw 3D data, these structures are often defined as Bounding Volume Hierarchies, providing coarse‐to‐fine adaptive approximations that are well‐adapted for many‐view rasterization. Here, the total number of pixels in each view is usually low, while the cost of choosing the appropriate LoD for each view is high. This task represents a challenge for existing GPU algorithms. We propose ManyLoDs, a new GPU algorithm to efficiently compute many LoDs from a Bounding Volume Hierarchy in parallel by balancing the workload within and among LoDs. Our approach is not specific to a particular rendering technique, can be used on lazy representations such as polygon soups, and can handle dynamic scenes. We apply our method to various many‐view rasterization applications, including Instant Radiosity, Point‐Based Global Illumination, and reflection/refraction mapping. For each of these, we achieve real‐time performance in complex scenes at high resolutions.