Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional and molecular features of the Id4+ germline stem cell population in mouse testes

Chan et al. generated transgenic mice in which spermatogonial stem cells expressed an Id4-Gfp transgene. Id4-Gfp+ cells exist primarily as a subset of the type Asingle pool and eventually comprise ∼2% of the undifferentiated spermatogonial population in adulthood. RNA sequencing analysis revealed genes whose expression is unique for the Id4-Gfp+/stem cell and Id4-Gfp−/progenitor fractions. These findings provide evidence that stem cells exist as a rare subset of the Asingle pool and reveal transcriptome features distinguishing stem cell and progenitor states within the mammalian male germline.
THE EFFECT OF PREVIOUS PREPARATORY INTERVALS UPON ANTICIPATORY RESPONSES IN THE REACTION TIME OF SCHIZOPHRENIC AND NONSCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS

A total of 120 male hospitalized psychiatric patients (30 acute and 30 chronic schizophrenics, 30 acute and 30 chronic nonschizophrenics) were tested for reaction time (RT) with a random sequence of preparatory intervals (PI')s of 1, 2, and 8 seconds. Contrary to general expectation, anticipation rather than RT was the most important indicator of schizophrenia. As predicted, RT varied as a function of PI's; however, no differences were shown in the acute-chronic and schizophrenic-nonschizophrenic dimensions. Schizophrenic patients had more anticipatory responses than nonschizophrenic patients with the 8-second PI and when the prior PI (PPI) was shorter than the PI. RT was also found to differ as a function of the PPI of each trial. Fastest responses occurred when PPI=PI, next fastest when PPI< PI, and slowest when PPI>PI. When confounding effects of the PI were removed from the PPI analyses, group differences in response to the PPI disappeared. Results were discussed in terms of the attentional set formulations of Zahn and Shakow.
Subcellular redistribution of protein kinase C isozymes is associated with rat liver cirrhotic changes induced by carbon tetrachloride or thioacetamide

Background and Aims: Protein kinase C (PKC) plays a key role in the alteration of signal transduction in the liver, which may contribute to the development of liver cirrhosis. The aim of the present study was to examine the subcellular redistribution of PKC isozymes in rat liver cirrhosis, which is induced by two different cirrhotic chemical agents, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and thioacetamide (TAA).
Pregnancy Outcome following a Previous Spontaneous Abortion (Miscarriage)

Objective: To determine the pregnancy outcome following a previous spontaneous abortion (miscarriage). Method: A prospective cohort study was done on 300 gravida-2 patients: 200 patients (case group) whose previous pregnancy was spontaneously aborted (early abortion), and 100 patients (control group) whose previous pregnancy went to term and a live fetus was delivered. All the patients were followed until delivery, and then the pregnancy outcomes, neonatal complications and delivery routes were determined and compared between the 2 groups. Pregnancy outcomes included: maternal complications (e.g. placenta previa, placental abruption, premature rupture of the membranes, preeclampsia and eclampsia, abortion, breech presentation, preterm labor, intrauterine fetal death); neonatal complications (low birth weight, gross congenital malformations, low Apgar score at 1 min), and delivery routes (cesarean delivery or instrumental delivery, e.g. forceps or vacuum). Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science. Results: Statistical analysis showed that the pregnancy complications following a previous spontaneous miscarriage were no different from those of the control group, except for abortion (16.5 vs. 11%, p < 0.003, RR = 1.15, CI 95% = 0.95–1.39), fetal deaths (1.5 vs. 0%, p < 0.004, RR = 1.51, CI 95% = 1.39–1.63), and vaginal bleeding during the first trimester (19 vs. 1%, p < 0.001, RR = 1.57, CI 95% = 1.41–1.75), which were more than those of the control group. Also, the rate of cesarean delivery (28.14 vs. 13.48%) was increased (p = 0.026, RR = 1.25, CI 95% = 1.07–1.47). Neonatal complications were not statistically significantly different in comparison with the control group. Conclusion: A prior spontaneous miscarriage is a risk for the next pregnancy, and the risk of abortion and intrauterine fetal death will increase. Therefore, careful prenatal care is mandatory.
Self-starvation: From individual to family therapy in the treatment of anorexia nervosa.

family and the value of helping in its own right the sick family that contains the patient. Minuchin and his colleagues will always have an honoured place in this development. If their attempts to find means of objectively defining, measuring and comparing familiar interaction can be developed, their con tribution will be great indeed. Their style of therapy, warmly involved with the family, challenging and extempore, seems to demand a degree of confidence and flexibility not char acterologically available to all therapists. The authors demonstrate that used skilfully it can be a very effective approach. This volume will have an impact on the thinking and practise ofall who read it.
Thoracic Spinal Cord Stimulation for Post‐Ablation Cardiac Pain in a Patient with Permanent Pacemaker

Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is increasingly utilized for inoperable, intractable chest pain because of ischemia. Because patients with ischemic heart disease commonly have permanent cardiac pacemakers (PPM) or automated implantable cardio‐defibrillators (AICD), concurrent use of SCS and PPM or AICD may grow. Interference between SCS and PPM or AICD devices is potentially dangerous and has been previously reported.
Enhancement of the Brucella AMOS PCR assay for differentiation of Brucella abortus vaccine strains S19 and RB51

Because the brucellosis eradication program uses slaughter and quarantine as control measures, it would benefit from faster methods of bacterial identification. Distinguishing vaccine strains from strains that cause infections among vaccinated herds in the field is essential. To accomplish this, our PCR-based, species-specific assay (B. J. Bricker and S. M. Halling, J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:2660-2666, 1994) was updated to identify Brucella abortus vaccine strains S19 and RB51. Three new oligonucleotide primers were added to the five-primer multiplex Brucella AMOS PCR assay. Identification is based on the number and sizes of six products amplified by PCR.
Robust output feedback predictive control with self-triggered measurements

In many applications it is desired to limit the amount of sensor measurements for example to save energy. Developing control strategies that only perform measurements if necessary to achieve the required control performance is thus desirable. This work presents a combination of a robust predictive controller with self-triggered estimation for the control of linear, constrained systems subject to additive noise. We assume that for some sensors the maximum number of measurements within a specific time-span is limited, but the actual time-instants at which the measurements are taken can vary. We propose an output feedback control scheme, which optimizes the applied input as well as the measurement instances to improve closed loop performance. Conditions to robustly guarantee closed loop properties such as constraint satisfaction, recursive feasibility or stability are presented. The results are illustrated by an example.
British and Irish Conflict Regulation from Sunningdale to Belfast. Part II: Playing for a draw 1985–1999

The fundamental improvement between the Sunningdale and Belfast (or Good Friday) Agreements as conflict regulation processes is the recognition of opposing nationalisms as the core cause of conflict and, by extension, the development of a more symmetrical intergovernmental relationship between British and Irish governments which maximised the basis of consent for addressing conflicting claims to national self-determination. While the Agreement reflects a liberalisation of opposing nationalisms, it does not represent a ‘post-nationalist’ solution; the evolution of conflict regulation from 1985 to 1998 reflects a bi-national trend. The key to cultivating a ‘ripe moment’ for a constitutional settlement was based on the recognition that Northern Ireland's constitutional status needed to be redetermined and that the processes of self-determination needed to address and modify ‘constitutive’ aspects of sovereignty which preceded partition, as well as ‘regulative’ aspects which have evolved since the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985.
Copied citations create renowned papers

Recently we discovered (cond-mat/0212043) that the majority of scientific citations are copied from the lists of references used in other papers. Here we show that a model, in which a scientist picks three random papers, cites them,and also copies a quarter of their references accounts quantitatively for empirically observed citation distribution. Simple mathematical probability, not genius, can explain why some papers are cited a lot more than the other.
An Ascendant View of Human Resource Management As a Critical Content Dimension in New Venture Strategy

Research on strategy in new ventures has increasingly drawn upon resource-based theory, and thus has emphasized intangible factors that confer sustainable competitive advantage. These include dynamic and combinative capabilities, networks, routines, and knowledge as resources of new ventures. Yet antecedent to every one of these intangible resources is the management of the venture. But research has seldom considered management and the human resources of new ventures as a critical dimension of strategy content. This paper develops such an argument, and explores the performance contribution of human resources as strategy content in a longitudinal study of technology new ventures.
Video Browsing Using Interactive Navigation Summaries

A new approach for interactive video browsing is described. The novelty of the proposed approach is the flexible concept of interactive navigation summaries. Similar to time sliders, commonly used with standard soft video players, navigation summaries allow random access to a video. In addition, they also provide abstract visualizations of the content at a user-defined level of detail and, thus, quickly communicate content characteristics to the user. Navigation summaries can provide visual information about both low-level features but even high-level features. The concept fully integrates the user, who knows best which navigation summary at which level of detail could be most beneficial for his/her current video browsing task, and provide him/her a flexible set of navigation means. A first user study has shown that our approach can significantly outperform standard soft video players - the state-of-the art "poor man's" video browsing tool.
Fencing the other: Symbolic constructions of the “immigrant” within

Symbolic markers of degeneracy have been applied to immigrants in the US since the early 1800s when the practice of alcohol consumption common to newly-arrived German and Irish settlers was purposefully vilified through popular media. The practice of using stigmatizing symbolic markers to construct differential beliefs and treatment of the globally mobile persists today. This paper analyzes historical and contemporary news stories, political speech, campaign adverts, and satirical cartoons containing both visual and textual symbols which helped to produce the hegemony of a discourse that denigrated those cast as “immigrants. ” A number of fear-rousing themes are found in contemporary narratives that mirror historical tropes, such as the use of aquatic metaphors to refer to mass migration. It is theorized that such tropes operate as metonyms which conjure a range of negative associations that have material consequences for those seen as “immigrants. ” Such collective symbolic denigration also serves a number of roles for the status quo. It creates an oppositional status that through a dialectical process helps co-constitute the “ideal” US national subject. It contributes to a collective obliviousness about the violent and colonial origins of the US as a nation-state. And finally, it reifies the nation-state as a “natural” entity rather than as a political and social construct.
Decision-Theoretic Military Operations Planning

Military operations planning involves concurrent actions, resource assignment, and conflicting costs. Individual tasks sometimes fail with a known probability, promoting a decision-theoretic approach. The planner must choose between multiple tasks that achieve similar outcomes but have different costs. The military domain is particularly suited to automated methods because hundreds of tasks, specified by many planning staff, need to be quickly and robustly coordinated. The authors are not aware of any previous planners that handle all characteristics of the operations planning domain in a single package. This paper shows that problems with such features can be successfully approached by realtime heuristic search algorithms, operating on a formulation of the problem as a Markov decision process. Novel automatically generated heuristics, and classic caching methods, allow problems of interesting sizes to be handled. Results are presented on data provided by the Australian Defence Science and Technology Organisation.
Brat camp, boot camp, or ……..? Exploring wilderness therapy program theory

Abstract Wilderness therapy program theory is reasoned to be, as Weiss (1997) describes, a tacit theory, or one which is implied and not clearly articulated. This is evidenced by several meta-analyses which have consistently found either very limited or no detailed descriptions of the wilderness therapy programs under investigation. The purpose of this paper is to address this lack of articulated and empirically grounded theory by empirically examining the practice of four established wilderness therapy programs, all licensed by their respective state agencies and accredited by national accreditation organizations. A multi-site case study approach was used to elicit program theory that included interviews and focus groups with key staff at each program, participant observation of the process in the field, and interviews and observation of client case studies. An emergent theory is presented that consists of elements of program impact theory (who the programs serve and anticipated outcomes) as well as program process theory (how the programs are organized and how they deliver services). Implications and potential uses of the emergent theoretical framework are discussed.
Asking Queries about Frames

Frame-based knowledge representation and reasoning systems typically provide procedural interfaces for asking about properties of individuals and concepts. We propose an alternative declarative approach that extends standard interface functionality by supporting selective viewing of components of complex objects. Instead of just returning sets of individuals, our queries match concepts and filleted fragments of descriptions. The query language is an extended form of the language used to describe the knowledge-base contents, thus facilitating user training. In this paper, we describe a variety of possible semantics for answering queries in description logics. We investigate the algorithms required when answers are deduced by matching queries against a "structural normal form" of descriptions. As part of our approach, we introduce a useful refinement of the notion of structural subsumption.
Immobilized liquid layers: A new approach to anti-adhesion surfaces for medical applications

Surface fouling and undesired adhesion are nearly ubiquitous problems in the medical field, complicating everything from surgeries to routine daily care of patients. Recently, the concept of immobilized liquid (IL) interfaces has been gaining attention as a highly versatile new approach to antifouling, with a wide variety of promising applications in medicine. Here, we review the general concepts behind IL layers and discuss the fabrication strategies on medically relevant materials developed so far. We also summarize the most important findings to date on applications of potential interest to the medical community, including the use of these surfaces as anti-thrombogenic and anti-bacterial materials, anti-adhesive textiles, high-performance coatings for optics, and as unique platforms for diagnostics. Although the full potential and pitfalls of IL layers in medicine are just beginning to be explored, we believe that this approach to anti-adhesive surfaces will prove broadly useful for medical applications in the future.
The orientation matching approach to circular object detection

The paper reports a correlation-based method for the detection of circular objects which is capable of overcoming well-known problems arising from the use of gradient-based voting schemes. Specifically, the method is: (a) capable of detecting circular objects on the basis of both magnitude and direction of the image gradient; and (b) dealing with three-dimensional spherical objects by considering shadows depending on the direction of light. Experimental results on the accuracy of the method and comparisons with the Hough transform and the Hausdorff matching are reported.
Un cas de dyslexie développementale avec trouble isolé de l'empan visuo-attentionnel

Bien que les troubles dyslexiques soient classiquement attribues a un deficit phonologique, l’hypothese d’un trouble d’origine visuo-attentionnelle a ete formulee dans le cadre du modele de lecture « Multi-Trace » [1]. Le deficit touche alors une composante, l’empan visuo-attentionnel (VA), qui serait notamment impliquee dans l’acquisition des connaissances lexicales orthographiques. Gustave est un jeune garcon dyslexique qui presente un profil s’apparentant a une dyslexie/dysorthographie de surface. Nous l’avons soumis a des epreuves phonologiques et d’empan visuo-attentionnel qui montrent des competences phonologiques preservees et un deficit isole de l’empan VA. En accord avec ses excellentes aptitudes en conscience phonemique, Gustave presente de bonnes aptitudes langagieres, une lecture preservee (score) des pseudo-mots et des strategies phonologiques tant en lecture qu’en dictee. Le trouble de l’empan VA s’observe dans le contexte d’un deficit de traitement des mots irreguliers tant en lecture qu’en orthographe et une lenteur de lecture des pseudo-mots avec preservation de l’orthographe. Cette etude de cas temoigne de l’existence d’un trouble isole de l’empan VA chez certains enfants dyslexiques qui montrent des difficultes majeures en lecture et ecriture de mots irreguliers. Un lien biunivoque entre dyslexie/dysorthographie de surface et trouble de l’empan VA ne peut cependant etre etabli.
Detection of vibration transmitted through an object grasped in the hand.

A tool or probe often functions as an extension of the hand, transmitting vibrations to the hand to produce a percept of the object contacting the tool or probe. This paper reports the psychophysical results of a combined psychophysical and neurophysiological study of the perception of vibration transmitted through a cylinder grasped in the hand. In the first part of the psychophysical study, 19 subjects grasped a cylinder, 32 mm diam, with an embedded motor that caused vibration parallel to the axis of the cylinder. The relationship between threshold and frequency was the traditional U-shaped function with a minimum between 150 and 200 Hz. Except a study by Békésy in which subjects grasped a rod that vibrated parallel to the skin surface, thresholds above 20 Hz were lower and the slopes were steeper than any reported previously. Thresholds were <0.01 microm in some subjects. Data from both the psychophysical and the neurophysiological studies suggest that detection performance at frequencies >20 Hz was based on activity in Pacinian afferents. The extreme sensitivity compared with previous reports may have resulted from differences in contact area, direction of vibration, contact force, and the shape of the stimulus probe. The effects of each of these variables were studied. At 40 and 300 Hz (frequencies near the lower and upper end of the Pacinian range) thresholds were 9.8 and 18.5 dB (68 and 88%) lower, respectively, when subjects grasped the cylinder than when a 1-mm-diam probe vibrated perpendicular to the skin. These differences were accounted for as follows: 1) thresholds at a single fingerpad obtained with the large cylindrical surface were, on average, 20 and 60% lower, respectively, than thresholds with the punctate probe; 2) thresholds at the palm were, on average, 15 and 40% lower, respectively, than at the fingerpads; 3) thresholds obtained when the subjects grasped the cylinder averaged 40 and 20% less, respectively, than when the cylinder contacted only the palm; 4) thresholds with the cylinder contacting two fingers were 10 and 30% lower, respectively, than thresholds with the cylinder contacting a single finger; and 5) thresholds with vibration parallel to the skin surface were, on average, 10 and 30% lower, respectively, than thresholds with vibration perpendicular to the skin. Contact force, which was varied from 0.05 to 1.0 N, had no effect.
An Outcomes Analysis Approach to Utilization Management: Quality Assessment of Appropriateness of Specialty Referrals

This report illustrates some methods by which to identify, guide, and develop acceptable levels of ex pected outcomes, defined as the validity or appropri ateness of specialty referrals or procedures, through utilization management case studies and interven tions. Outcomes variables may be used as standard ized ongoing measures of cost-effectiveness and qual ity of health care services, focusing on appropriate ness of utilization of specialty resources and health care technology. Community, regional, and national standards for such measures are currently being de veloped and evaluated for assessing the appropriate ness of the use of health care technology. These stand ards for desired or expected outcomes need to become an integral part of utilization management as well as quality assessment and improvement, and are very helpful tools for developing specific interventions to be used for improving upon and documenting the cost- effective delivery of care within health services or ganizations.
Associations between Serum Apelin-12 Levels and Obesity-Related Markers in Chinese Children

Objective To investigate possible correlations between apelin-12 levels and obesity in children in China and associations between apelin-12 and obesity-related markers, including lipids, insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Methods Forty-eight obese and forty non-obese age- and gender-matched Chinese children were enrolled between June 2008 and June 2009. Mean age was 10.42±2.03 and 10.86±2.23 years in obesity and control groups, respectively. Main outcome measures were apelin-12, BMI, lipids, glucose and insulin. HOMA-IR was calculated for all subjects. Results All obesity group subjects had significantly higher total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin levels and HOMA-IR (all P<0.05). In separate analyses, obese girls had significantly higher LDL-C, insulin and HOMA-IR than controls, and obese boys had significantly higher TC, TG, insulin and HOMA-IR than controls (all P<0.05). Apelin-12 levels were significantly higher in obese girls compared to controls (P = 0.024), and correlated positively with TG in all obese subjects. Among obese girls, apelin-12 levels correlated positively with TG, insulin and HOMA-IR after adjusting for age and BMI. In all boys (obese and controls) apelin-12 was positively associated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG). No significant correlations were found in either group between apelin-12 levels and other characteristics after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI. Conclusions Apelin-12 levels are significantly higher in obese vs. non-obese girls in China and correlate significantly with obesity-related markers insulin, HOMA-IR, and TG. Increased apelin-12 levels may be involved in the pathological mechanism of childhood obesity.