Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Environment Temperature of Plants on the Physicochemical Properties of Their Starches

Two aspects of experiments, in vivo and in vitro, are described in this review . In in vitro experiments, the crystallization of starch was studied on some model systems using amylodextrin. The results suggested that the crystalline structure of a starch granule was dependent on external temperature and microenvironment of cellular location developing a starch granule and it was in keeping with results of the follwing in vivo experiments. In in vivo experiments, the temperature of soybean seedlings, potato tubers, sweet potato roots and rice ears was controlled at constant during starch accumulation period using some devices. The following changes were noted in respective starches by elevation of environment temperature. (1) Pasting temperature decreased considerably in all the test series. (2) Maximum viscosity (amylogram) decreased in potato and sweet potato, increased in rice and was approximately constant in soybean seedlings (cotyledon) . (3) a-Amylase susceptibility of raw granules and (4) content of bound phosphate were decreased. (5) Amylose content was decreased appreciably in rice and slightly in soybean seedling hypocotyls and was constant in potato and soybean seedling cotyledons. (6) Crystalline type shifted from B or C type toward A type in soybean seedlings and sweet potato and was constant in potato (B type) and rice (A type). From these results, a new day-night rhythm structure in a native starch granule was suggested and relations of the structure to the property were discussed .
Northeast Normal University Key Laboratory for Applied Statistics of MOE and School of Mathematics and Statistics

This paper presents a structured perturbation analysis of the symmetric algebraic Riccati equations by exploiting the symmetry structure. Based on the analysis, structured normwise, componentwise, and mixed condition numbers are defined and their explicit expressions are derived. Due to the exploitation of the symmetry structure, our results are improvements of previous work on the perturbation analysis and condition numbers of the symmetric algebraic Riccati equations. Our preliminary numerical experiments demonstrate that our condition numbers provide accurate estimates for the errors in the solution caused by the perturbations on the data.
Training Parsers on Incompatible Treebanks

We consider the problem of training a statistical parser in the situation when there are multiple treebanks available, and these treebanks are annotated according to different linguistic conventions. To address this problem, we present two simple adaptation methods: the first method is based on the idea of using a shared feature representation when parsing multiple treebanks, and the second method on guided parsing where the output of one parser provides features for a second one. To evaluate and analyze the adaptation methods, we train parsers on treebank pairs in four languages: German, Swedish, Italian, and English. We see significant improvements for all eight treebanks when training on the full training sets. However, the clearest benefits are seen when we consider smaller training sets. Our experiments were carried out with unlabeled dependency parsers, but the methods can easily be generalized to other featurebased parsers.
Endogenous hydrogen sulfide regulates leukocyte trafficking in cecal ligation and puncture‐induced sepsis

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is recognized increasingly as a proinflammatory mediator in various inflammatory conditions. Here, we have investigated the role of H2S in regulating expression of some endothelial adhesion molecules and recruitment of leukocytes to inflamed sites in sepsis. Male Swiss mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)‐induced sepsis and treated with saline (i.p.), DL‐propargylglycine (PAG; 50 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of H2S formation or NaHS (10 mg/kg, i.p.), an H2S donor. PAG was administered 1 h before or after the induction of sepsis, and NaHS was given at the same time of CLP. Using intravital microcopy, we found that in sepsis, prophylactic and therapeutic administration of PAG reduced leukocyte rolling and adherence significantly in mesenteric venules coupled with decreased mRNA and protein levels of adhesion molecules (ICAM‐1, P‐selectin, and E‐selectin) in lung and liver. In contrast, injection of NaHS up‐regulated leukocyte rolling and attachment significantly, as well as tissue levels of adhesion molecules in sepsis. Conversely, normal mice were given NaHS (10 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce lung inflammation, with or without NF‐κB inhibitor BAY 11‐7082 pretreatment. NaHS treatment enhanced the level of adhesion molecules and neutrophil infiltration in lung. These alterations were reversed by pretreatment with BAY 11‐7082. Moreover, expression of CXCR2 in neutrophils obtained from H2S‐treated mice was up‐regulated significantly, leading to an obvious elevation in MIP‐2‐directed migration of neutrophils. Therefore, H2S acts as an important endogenous regulator of leukocyte activation and trafficking during an inflammatory response.
Relationship between Blood Pressure and Chronic Kidney Disease in the Japanese Population: The Lower the Better Even in Individuals without Hypertension?

In hypertensive subjects, it has been demonstrated that the lower the blood pressure, the lower the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, whether this relationship holds true in individuals without hypertension—that is, in individuals with a blood pressure <140/90 mmHg—remains unknown. This study was performed to assess the relationship between blood pressure and CKD in a Japanese population without hypertension. Among 13,007 Japanese participants in a general health screening, 9,596 (5,691 men and 3,905 women) were found to have either normal blood pressure or prehypertension, and were enrolled in this study. We categorized these individuals' blood pressure into six classes: BP-C1, <90/<65 mmHg; BP-C2, 90–100/65–70 mmHg; BP-C3, 100–110/70–75 mmHg; BP-C4, 110–120/75–80 mmHg; BP-C5, 120–130/80–85 mmHg; and BP-C6, 130–140/85–90 mmHg. Albuminuria was defined as a urinary albumin excretion ratio of ≥30 mg/g. Low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. In men, when BP-C3 was used as a reference, multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, body mass index, serum lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose and smoking status showed that BP-C1, BP-C2, BP-C4, BP-C5 and BP-C6 were associated with albuminuria with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.85 (0.53–6.46), 1.22 (0.59–2.51), 1.62 (1.01–2.59), 2.57 (1.64–4.02), and 3.81 (2.44–5.96). In women, the adjusted odds ratios of the risk for albuminuria in BP-C2, BP-C3, BP-C4, BP-C5 and BP-C6, as compared with BP-C1 as a reference, were 1.83 (0.70–4.79), 2.13 (0.84–5.42), 2.80 (1.10–7.14), 2.59 (0.99–6.78), and 3.99 (1.50–10.64). Blood pressure was not significantly associated with low eGFR in either gender. The risk for albuminuria was significantly greater when blood pressure exceeded 110/75 mmHg in both genders.
Using an interaction model as a resource for communication in design

Many design models and representations have been proposed to support user-centered system design, such as scenarios, use cases, and prototypes. With these artifacts, designers typically deal with representations of fragments of the application, and sometimes have difficulties communicating with one another about design decisions. To face some of the communication challenges during design, we believe that we could use a global view of the system's apparent behavior, from the users' point of view. Such a representation would serve as a common reference for HCI designers from different disciplinary backgrounds, helping to foster communication among them. In our goal to promote a shared understanding of the application, we have investigated different professionals' usage of MoLIC, an interaction modeling language that follows an interaction-as-conversation metaphor. MoLIC allows designers to build a blueprint of all the interactions that may take place when the application is used.
Genome-wide association study of circulating vitamin D levels

The primary circulating form of vitamin D, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D], is associated with multiple medical outcomes, including rickets, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis and cancer. In a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 4501 persons of European ancestry drawn from five cohorts, we identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding group-specific component (vitamin D binding) protein, GC, on chromosome 4q12-13 that were associated with 25(OH)D concentrations: rs2282679 (P = 2.0 × 10−30), in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs7041, a non-synonymous SNP (D432E; P = 4.1 × 10−22) and rs1155563 (P = 3.8 × 10−25). Suggestive signals for association with 25(OH)D were also observed for SNPs in or near three other genes involved in vitamin D synthesis or activation: rs3829251 on chromosome 11q13.4 in NADSYN1 [encoding nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) synthetase; P = 8.8 × 10−7], which was in high LD with rs1790349, located in DHCR7, the gene encoding 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase that synthesizes cholesterol from 7-dehydrocholesterol; rs6599638 in the region harboring the open-reading frame 88 (C10orf88) on chromosome 10q26.13 in the vicinity of ACADSB (acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase), involved in cholesterol and vitamin D synthesis (P = 3.3 × 10−7); and rs2060793 on chromosome 11p15.2 in CYP2R1 (cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily R, polypeptide 1, encoding a key C-25 hydroxylase that converts vitamin D3 to an active vitamin D receptor ligand; P = 1.4 × 10−5). We genotyped SNPs in these four regions in 2221 additional samples and confirmed strong genome-wide significant associations with 25(OH)D through meta-analysis with the GWAS data for GC (P = 1.8 × 10−49), NADSYN1/DHCR7 (P = 3.4 × 10−9) and CYP2R1 (P = 2.9 × 10−17), but not C10orf88 (P = 2.4 × 10−5).
Experiments in thin film deposition : plasma-based fabrication of carbon nanotubes and magnesium diboride thin films.

A simple, low-cost plasma reactor was developed for the purpose of carrying out thin film deposition experiments. The reactor is based largely on the Atmospheric Pressure Nonequilibrium Plasma (APNEP) design with a simple modification. It was used in an attempt to fabricate magnesium diboride thin films via a novel, but unsuccessful CVD process where plasma etching provides a precursor boron flux. Carbon nanotubes were successfully synthesised with the apparatus using a plasma-based variation of the floating catalyst or vapour phase growth method. The affect of various parameters and chemicals on the quality of nanotube production was assessed.
Neutralization of T 3 and T 5 Sandhi in Suzhou Chinese *

This paper examines the two sandhi patterns of disyllabic compound whose initial tone is either a high falling tone (T3) or a dipping tone (T5) in Suzhou in the framework of Optimality Theory. The idea of different levels of tone melody in (Shih, 1986) is adopted in this paper. Namely, the syllable level tone melody changes to word level which lead to the neutralization of T3 and T5 sandhi. Left-headed metrical structure, foot formation and stress assignment are the main factors for the positional tone retention and deletion, while tone-syllable association and tonal sonority hierarchy help to evaluate the optimal output of the tone sandhi pattern ([HL.L] or [H.L]). The two sandhi patterns are argued to be outputs of different constraint ranking instead of syllable weight change.
Seismic Tests of Concrete Columns with Light Transverse Reinforcement

Earthquakes and laboratory experience show that columns with inadequate transverse reinforcement are vulnerable to damage including shear and axial load failure. To study this behavior, four full-scale columns with light transverse reinforcement were tested quasistatically under unidirectional lateral load with either constant or varying axial loads. Test results show that responses of columns with nominally identical properties vary considerably with magnitude and history of axial and lateral loads. Observed behavior is compared with expected behavior based on available analytical models. The FEMA 356 assessment model predicted the column strengths well, but underestimated the displacements.
The Genetic Structure of Leishmania infantum Populations in Brazil and Its Possible Association with the Transmission Cycle of Visceral Leishmaniasis

Leishmania infantum is the etiologic agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Americas, Mediterranean basin and West and Central Asia. Although the geographic structure of L. infantum populations from the Old World have been described, few studies have addressed the population structure of this parasite in the Neotropical region. We employed 14 microsatellites to analyze the population structure of the L. infantum strains isolated from humans and dogs from most of the Brazilian states endemic for VL and from Paraguay. The results indicate a low genetic diversity, high inbreeding estimates and a depletion of heterozygotes, which together indicate a predominantly clonal breeding system, but signs of sexual events are also present. Three populations were identified from the clustering analysis, and they were well supported by F statistics inferences and partially corroborated by distance-based. POP1 (111 strains) was observed in all but one endemic area. POP2 (31 strains) is also well-dispersed, but it was the predominant population in Mato Grosso (MT). POP3 (31 strains) was less dispersed, and it was observed primarily in Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). Strains originated from an outbreak of canine VL in Southern Brazil were grouped in POP1 with those from Paraguay, which corroborates the hypothesis of dispersal from Northeastern Argentina and Paraguay. The distribution of VL in MS seems to follow the west-east construction of the Bolivia-Brazil pipeline from Corumbá municipality. This may have resulted in a strong association of POP3 and Lutzomyia cruzi, which is the main VL vector in Corumbá, and a dispersion of this population in this region that was shaped by human interference. This vector also occurs in MT and may influence the structure of POP2. This paper presents significant advances in the understanding of the population structure of L. infantum in Brazil and its association with eco-epidemiological aspects of VL.
What is the Future of the Gut Microbiota-Related Treatment? Toward Modulation of Microbiota in Preventive and Therapeutic Medicine

The human body is colonized by a wide variety of micro-organisms, which are known to play an important role in regulation of metabolic functions and maintaining immune homeostasis. Instantaneously after birth, skin surface, oral cavity, and gut are settled by extensive range of microbes, mainly bacteria, but also archaea, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. Commonly called human microbiota, it consists of trillions of organisms from over 1000 species. The most abundant species are members of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. An important number of studies have been undertaken to determine if the gut microbiota is a promising target for clinical treatment or prevention. In the current issue of Frontiers in Medicine – Gastroenterology, Nagpal et al. paid close attention to the role of gut in health and disease. In their paper, they raise important questions and pay particular attention to ambiguities, which still remain to be elucidated to proper understanding of the complexity of human–microbe relationships. To better translate and apply current knowledge in clinical practice, answering the queries about compositional alterations in gut microbiome by diet or during diseases is necessary.
The ancient Yakuts: a population genetic enigma

This study is part of an ongoing project aiming at determining the ethnogenesis of an eastern Siberian ethnic group, the Yakuts, on the basis of archaeological excavations carried out over a period of 10 years in three regions of Yakutia: Central Yakutia, the Vilyuy River basin and the Verkhoyansk area. In this study, genetic analyses were carried out on skeletal remains from 130 individuals of unknown ancestry dated mainly from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century AD. Kinship studies were conducted using sets of commercially available autosomal and Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) along with hypervariable region I sequences of the mitochondrial DNA. An unexpected and intriguing finding of this work was that the uniparental marker systems did not always corroborate results from autosomal DNA analyses; in some cases, false-positive relationships were observed. These discrepancies revealed that 15 autosomal STR loci are not sufficient to discriminate between first degree relatives and more distantly related individuals in our ancient Yakut sample. The Y-STR analyses led to similar conclusions, because the current Y-STR panels provided the limited resolution of the paternal lineages.
Effect of delayed versus early umbilical cord clamping on neonatal outcomes and iron status at 4 months: a randomised controlled trial

Objective To investigate the effects of delayed umbilical cord clamping, compared with early clamping, on infant iron status at 4 months of age in a European setting. Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting Swedish county hospital. Participants 400 full term infants born after a low risk pregnancy. Intervention Infants were randomised to delayed umbilical cord clamping (≥180 seconds after delivery) or early clamping (≤10 seconds after delivery). Main outcome measures Haemoglobin and iron status at 4 months of age with the power estimate based on serum ferritin levels. Secondary outcomes included neonatal anaemia, early respiratory symptoms, polycythaemia, and need for phototherapy. Results At 4 months of age, infants showed no significant differences in haemoglobin concentration between the groups, but infants subjected to delayed cord clamping had 45% (95% confidence interval 23% to 71%) higher mean ferritin concentration (117 μg/L v 81 μg/L, P<0.001) and a lower prevalence of iron deficiency (1 (0.6%) v 10 (5.7%), P=0.01, relative risk reduction 0.90; number needed to treat=20 (17 to 67)). As for secondary outcomes, the delayed cord clamping group had lower prevalence of neonatal anaemia at 2 days of age (2 (1.2%) v 10 (6.3%), P=0.02, relative risk reduction 0.80, number needed to treat 20 (15 to 111)). There were no significant differences between groups in postnatal respiratory symptoms, polycythaemia, or hyperbilirubinaemia requiring phototherapy. Conclusions Delayed cord clamping, compared with early clamping, resulted in improved iron status and reduced prevalence of iron deficiency at 4 months of age, and reduced prevalence of neonatal anaemia, without demonstrable adverse effects. As iron deficiency in infants even without anaemia has been associated with impaired development, delayed cord clamping seems to benefit full term infants even in regions with a relatively low prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia. Trial registration Clinical Trials NCT01245296.
Towards the visualization of software systems as 3D forests: the CodeTrees environment

We present an approach based on a forest metaphor to ease the comprehension of object oriented software systems. Software systems are represented as forests of trees that users can navigate and interact with. We also describe here the mapping of the information of the source code in meaningful ways to take advantages of familiar concepts such as agglomerates of trees (or sub-forest), trunk, branches, leaves, and color of the leaves. The approach has been implemented in a prototype of a 3D environment, namely CodeTrees. To assess the validity of the approach and environment, we have also conducted a preliminary empirical evaluation on three open source software systems implemented in the programming languages Java and C++.
Reflectometric birefringent fiber sensor for absolute and relative strain measurement

This paper describes a novel birefringent fiber remote strain sensor which is based on the FMCW technique and consists of a single length of single-mode birefringent fiber. The lead-in/lead-out fiber and the strain sensing fiber probe are separated by introducing a twist in the middle of the fiber. The sensor demonstrated is shown to have several advantages including a resolution of 2 microstrain resolution, a dynamic measurement range of 5000 microstrain, an environment-insensitive lead-in/lead-out signal section and a variable length strain sensing probe. The system is ideally suited to the measurement of absolute and relative strain.
LNgen: Tool Support for Locally Nameless Representations

Given the complexity of the metatheoretic reasoning about current programming languages and their type systems, techniques for mechanical formalization and checking of such metatheory have received much recent attention. In previous work, we advocated a combination of locally nameless representation and cofinite quantification as a lightweight style for carrying out such formalizations in the Coq proof assistant. As part of the presentation of that methodology, we described a number of operations associated with variable binding and listed a number of properties, called “infrastructure lemmas”, about those operations that needed to be shown. The proofs of these infrastructure lemmas are straightforward but tedious. In this work, we present LNgen, a prototype tool for automatically generating statements and proofs of infrastructure lemmas from Ott language specifications. Furthermore, the tool also generates a recursion scheme for defining functions over syntax, which was not available in our previous work. LNgen works in concert with Ott to effectively alleviate much of the tedium of working with locally nameless syntax. For the case of untyped lambda terms, we show that the combined output from the two tools is sound and complete, with LNgen automatically proving many of the key lemmas. We prove the soundness of our representation with respect to a fully concrete representation, and we argue that the representation is complete—that we generate the right set of lemmas—with respect to Gordon and Melham’s “Five Axioms of Alpha-Conversion. ” Comments University of Pennsylvania Department of Computer and Information Science Technical Report No. MSCIS-10-24. This technical report is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/cis_reports/933 LNgen: Tool Support for Locally Nameless Representations MS-CIS-10-24 Brian Aydemir University of Pennsylvania baydemir@cis.upenn. edu Stephanie Weirich University of Pennsylvania sweirich@cis.upenn. edu
Generalised modal realisation as a practical and efficient tool for FWL implementation

Finite word length (FWL) effects have been a critical issue in digital filter implementation for almost four decades. Although some optimisations may be attempted to get an optimal realisation with regards to a particular effect, for instance the parametric sensitivity or the round-off noise gain, the purpose of this article is to propose an effective one, i.e. taking into account all the aspects. Based on the specialised implicit form, a new effective and sparse structure, named ρ -modal realisation, is proposed. This realisation meets simultaneously accuracy (low sensitivity, round-off noise gain and overflow risk), few and flexible computational efforts with a good readability (thanks to sparsity) and simplicity (no tricky optimisation is required to obtain it) as well. Two numerical examples are included to illustrate the ρ -modal realisation's interest.