Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Composition operators between different Dirichlet spaces

In this article, we study the boundedness of composition operators between strong and weak version vector-valued weighted Dirichlet spaces. Some sufficient and necessary conditions for such composition operators to be bounded are obtained exactly, which are different from the scalar-valued case and agree with the characterizations for these composition operators to be Hilbert–Schmidt operators between the corresponding scalar-valued Dirichlet spaces. As a by-product, we show indirectly that these strong and weak version Dirichlet spaces are different significatively, and obtain the equivalence of some analytic properties of an analytic self-map of the unit disk.
From Wiener to hidden Markov models

The authors investigate common properties of 3 types of filters obtained by considering various stochastic models; Wiener filters, Kalman filters and hidden Markov model (HMM) filters. Unifying features which particularly stand out are the forgetting of old data and of initial conditions, and protection from round-off error effects' overpowering the calculations. They differentiate the concept of fixed-lag smoothing from filtering, and expose the comparative advantages and disadvantages. Once again, there are common properties which allow a unified viewpoint. We focus especially on characterizations of a maximally effective smoothing lag, and identification of the SNR circumstances under which smoothing is especially beneficial. The motivation is the processing of data from an array of acoustic sensors towed by a submarine.
An Equation of State for Sulfur Hexafluoride in the Range of Temperatures 222 to 500 K Up to 50 MPa

An equation of state for sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is proposed based on the available experimental data. Method and procedures for formulating the equation of state are reported. The proposed equation of state as a function of temperature and density is valid in the range of temperatures from the triple point of 222.35 K to 500 K and of pressures from the ideal gas state to 50 MPa which corresponds to the density variation from 0 to 2000 kg/m3. The thermodynamic properties calculated by the proposed equation agree well with the available experimental data, which verifies the thermodynamic consistency of the proposed equation. According to the method applied here, it is possible to formulate an equation of state for fluids describing the most reliable thermodynamic state surface.
Influence of Surface Drag on the Evolution of Fronts

Abstract Surface frontal structure during cyclogenesis, and the sensitivity of this structure to surface friction, is examined. The approach is based on the analyses of simulations using a primitive equation model, with the domain restricted to a sector of one hemisphere, and the physics reduced to surface drag, horizontal diffusion, and dry convective adjustment. The model horizontal resolution is 1.2° latitude × 1.5° longitude, and there are 21 layers in the vertical. The drag coefficient is varied in simulations with midlatitude jet streams as initial conditions. The extent to which simulations in the adiabatic framework or with highly simplified representations of physical processes succeed in producing features of cyclone evolution emphasized by recent observational analyses is evaluated. Shallow bent-back warm fronts develop in simulations with surface drag coefficients that are zero or representative of ocean surfaces. Horizontal advection, first in strong easterly and later in strong northerly win.
Development of a GEM Electronic Board (GEB) for triple-GEM detectors

Developed for use with triple GEM detectors, the GEM Electronic Board (GEB) forms a crucial part of the electronics readout system being developed as part of the CMS muon upgrade program. The objective of the GEB is threefold; to provide stable powering and ground for the VFAT3 front ends, to enable high-speed communication between 24 VFAT3 front ends and an optohybrid, and to shield the GEM detector from electromagnetic interference. The paper describes the concept and design of a large-size GEB in detail, highlighting the challenges in terms of design and feasibility of this deceptively difficult system component.
Transcriptome-wide identification of NAC (no apical meristem/Arabidopsis transcription activation factor/cup-shaped cotyledon) transcription factors potentially involved in salt stress response in garlic

Soil salinity has been an increasing problem worldwide endangering crop production and human food security. It is an ideal strategy to excavate stress resistant genes and develop salt tolerant crops. NAC (no apical meristem/Arabidopsis transcription activation factor/cup-shaped cotyledon) transcription factors have been demonstrated to be involved in salt stress response. However, relevant studies have not been observed in garlic, an important vegetable consumed in the world. In this study, a total of 46 AsNAC genes encoding NAC proteins were identified in garlic plant by transcriptome data. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the examined AsNAC proteins were clustered into 14 subgroups. Motif discovery revealed that the conserved domain region was mainly composed of five conserved subdomains. Most of the genes selected could be induced by salt stress in different tissues, indicating a potential role in salt stress response. Further studies may focus on the molecular mechanisms of the AsNAC genes in salt stress response. The results of the current work provided valuable resources for researchers aimed at developing salt tolerant crops.
Efficiency-Oriented Parameter Design and Comparison of Medium Voltage Isolated Bidirectional DC/DC Converters

In a medium voltage (MV) solid state transformer(SST), the isolated bidirectional DC/DC converter (IBDC) is the core circuit for controlling power flow and galvanic isolation. Current research works on MV single-cell IBDC mainly focus on two directions: resonant and non-resonant topologies. However, for different scenarios with various voltage regulation ranges and power ranges, which topology should be adopted to achieve better efficiency performance is unclear. To effectively illustrate the two IBDCs’ respective benefits, a comparison between the two IBDCs is conducted in this study along with the optimization design method. For resonant IBDC, a complex objective optimization-based parameter design strategy is developed to realize rapid automatic design under various operating conditions. For non-resonant IBDC, a multi-phase modulation scheme aimed at minimizing the current stress under different voltage and power ranges is introduced. The optimal operating range of the two IBDCs has been derived. A 4 kV/1 kV 200 kW non-resonant IBDC experimental prototype has been built and its efficiency is tested under various operating conditions. The test data were compared with the established power loss model to derive the converter's full range efficiency, and the efficiency of the converter over a wider power range could then be projected.
Optimal Parameter Design and Microrobotic Navigation Control of Parallel-Mobile-Coil Systems

In this work, we study the optimal parameter design and microrobotic navigation control of the parallel-mobile-coil system (PMCS) that consists of three mobile electromagnetic coils. With motion driven by a parallel mechanism, the three coils can move in 3D large space and keep as close as possible to the controlled microrobot for magnetic actuation. Although promising for microrobotic applications, how to design such a type of system for a specific workspace requirement is untackled. Regarding this issue, we propose a computational design method, by which one can calculate the structural parameters of a PMCS starting from a required cylindrical workspace. With the derived performance metrics for motion actuation and magnetic actuation of the PMCS, the system actuation performance (composed of motion and magnetic actuation) is optimized. Utilizing the design method, we optimally construct a prototype PMCS for microrobotic navigation. We then conduct experiments to validate the demanding field/force generation capability of the PMCS and demonstrate the navigation control of different types of magnetic microrobots. In particular, we design closed-loop motion controllers for both torque and force-driven microrobots, using which automated large-workspace and high-accuracy trajectory tracking is realized. Note to Practitioners—This work is motivated by the recent wide interest in magnetic microrobots. Driven by external magnetic fields, magnetic microrobots can navigate in a wireless manner for targeted delivery/therapy. To promote microrobot applications to the human body, a magnetic actuation system with large workspace is desirable. However, due to the fast decay of magnetic field, the commonly used stationary coil-based magnetic actuation systems have the workspace scalability problem. Thus, several mobile-coil-based systems have been designed. In this work, we propose an optimal design method for the PMCS, using which one can design a PMCS starting from a cylindrical workspace with performance being optimized. We construct a PMCS prototype with a workspace of $\Phi 230 \times 100$ mm3, and we then study the automated microrobotic navigation control methods for the PMCS. Controllers are designed for different types of magnetic microrobots, and experiments show that, using the controllers, the PMCS can perform automated large-workspace microrobotic navigation control with high accuracy.
The influence of alcohol on genioglossus single motor units in men and women during wakefulness

What is the central question of this study? How does alcohol intake, which worsens obstructive sleep apnoea, alter motor control of the genioglossus muscle, an upper airway dilator, in healthy awake human volunteers, and does alcohol alter genioglossus muscle afterdischarge? What is the main finding and its importance? Alcohol consumption had a very minor effect on the activity of the genioglossus in healthy young individuals studied during wakefulness and did not alter afterdischarge, leaving open the possibility that alcohol worsens obstructive sleep apnoea via other mechanisms.
Calculation of the colliding pulse mode locking in CW dye ring lasers

A calculation of the influence of a transient absorber grating on the pulse parameters of a dye laser in the "colliding pulse mode-locking" (CPM) regime is given. It is shown that, compared to other passive methods, considerably shorter pulses with a more favorable stability region can be obtained. Within the stability range of single pulse operation the shortest pulses in the CPM are obtained by operating far above threshold where the saturation energy of the amplifier is much greater than that of the absorber. Deviation from an amplifier position that is symmetric with respect to the amplification of the counter-running pulses leads to different energies of the pulses and to a strong decrease of the stability range. Taking the dispersive properties of absorber and amplifier into consideration, equations for the time dependent phase of the laser pulse are established and solved by an analytical ansatz. The resulting pulse chirp is shown to be mainly dependent on the detuning of the pulse frequency from the center frequency of the saturable absorber. The estimated values for the pulse duration and the down-chirp for typical experimental conditions of a rhodamine 6G-DODCI CPM laser agree well with the measured ones.
Estimation Accuracy of Electric Field in Cable-Insulating Wall Based on Space Charge Measurement

A method to evaluate the accuracy of space-charge measurements by estimating the electric field distribution in the insulating walls of cables is proposed in this work. Time-domain deconvolution is used to derive the stable and fully automatic processing techniques necessary to manipulate the large data required to perform the statistical analysis. The evaluation method optimizes the deconvolution parameters and analyzes the space charge waveform, which is usually only used as a reference waveform. The proposed method was validated by analyzing pulse electroacoustic waveforms obtained from a 66 kV-class extruded cable under dc voltage application. The impulse response of the observation system was optimized to provide a 95.4% confidence interval of 0.8% ± 24.1% for the waveforms, which were observed under application of a dc voltage of 30 kV. Similar estimation accuracy was confirmed for waveforms measured under application of 45 kV. Therefore, the accuracy estimated using the reference waveform can be applied to waveforms observed at high voltages that can induce both space-charge accumulation and field distortion.
Erosive burning of solid propellants

Presented here is a review of the experimental and modeling work concerning erosive burning of solid propellants (augmentation of burning rate by flow of product gases across a burning surface). A brief introduction describes the motor design problems caused by this phenomenon, particularly for low port/throat area ratio motors and nozzleless motors. Various experimental techniques for measuring crossflow sensitivity of solid propellant burning rates are described, with the conclusion that accurate simulation of the flow, including upstream flow development, in actual motors is important since the degree of erosive burning depends not only on local mean crossflow velocity and propellant nature, but also upon this upstream development. In the modeling area, a brief review of simplified models and correlating equations is presented, followed by a description of more complex numerical analysis models. Both composite and double-base propellant models are reviewed. A second generation composite model is shown to give good agreement with data obtained in a series of tests in which composite propellant composition and heterogeneity (particle size distribution) were systematically varied. Finally, the use of numerical models for the development of erosive burning correlations is described, and a brief discussion of scaling is presented.
The Soluble Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase-1 Contributes to Structural and Functional Changes in Endothelial Cells in Chronic Kidney Disease

Endothelial cells are a critical target of the soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), a soluble factor increased in different diseases with varying degrees of renal impairment and endothelial dysfunction, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although the mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction are multifactorial and complex, herein, we investigated the damaging effects of sFlt-1 on structural and functional changes in endothelial cells. Our results evidenced that sera from patients with CKD stiffen the endothelial cell cortex in vitro, an effect correlated with sFlt-1 levels and prevented by sFlt-1 neutralization. Besides, we could show that recombinant sFlt-1 leads to endothelial stiffening in vitro and in vivo. This was accompanied by cytoskeleton reorganization and changes in the endothelial barrier function, as observed by increased actin polymerization and endothelial cell permeability, respectively. These results depended on the activation of the p38 MAPK and were blocked by the specific inhibitor SB203580. However, sFlt-1 only minimally affected the expression of stiffness-sensitive genes. These findings bring new insight into the mechanism of action of sFlt-1 and its biological effects that cannot be exclusively ascribed to the regulation of angiogenesis.
Digital holography for real-time detection based on femtosecond laser

Pulsed digital holography, which combines femtosecond pulsed laser and digital holography, is a novel technology for detecting ultrafast transient processes in real-time. Pulsed digital holography can obtain a series of amplitude and phase information of the ultrafast process in one shot at the femtosecond or picosecond order, and comprehensively characterize the whole picture of the ultrafast process. However, the system of pulsed digital holography currently has the defects of complexing, poor stability, small number of pulse frames, and low utilization of space bandwidth, which seriously limits practical applications. In this work, a real-time detection system is designed for ultrafast transient processes, which has the property of high stability, femtosecond or picosecond time order resolution, and adjustable pulse frames. The pulsed lasers are used instead of traditional continuous lasers. The proposed system design provides a competitive approach to ultrafast transient imaging.
Cytokine Profiles Differentiate Symptomatic from Asymptomatic PTSD in Service Members and Veterans with Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are commonly observed comorbid occurrences among military service members and veterans (SMVs). In this cross-sectional study, SMVs with a history of TBI were stratified into symptomatic and asymptomatic PTSD groups based on posttraumatic stress checklist-civilian (PCL-C) total scores. Blood-based biomarkers were assessed, and significant differential markers were associated with scores from multiple neurobehavioral self-report assessments. PCL-C cutoffs were total scores >50 (PTSD symptomatic) and <25 (asymptomatic). Cytokines IL6, IL8, TNFα, and IL10 were significantly elevated (p < 0.05–0.001) in the TBI+/PTSD symptomatic group compared to the TBI+/asymptomatic group. Cytokine levels of IL8, TNFα, and IL10 were strongly associated with PCL-C scores (0.356 < r > 0.624 for all, p < 0.01 for all), while TNFα and IL10 were additionally associated with NSI totals (r = 0.285 and r = 0.270, p < 0.05, respectively). This is the first study focused on PTSD symptom severity to report levels of circulating pro-inflammatory IL8, specifically in SMVs with TBI. These data suggest that within the military TBI population, there are unique cytokine profiles that relate to neurobehavioral outcomes associated with TBI and PTSD.
Developing Ecological Thresholds for Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Haihe River Basin in China

Many aquatic ecosystems are eutrophicated due to human inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, it is now considered important to establish nutrient criteria to prevent eutrophication. In this study, the water quality and biological data for 26 stations in the lower reaches of the Haihe River Basin were collected. The total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) ecological thresholds were derived from the threshold indicator taxa analysis (TITAN) and frequency distribution approach. The results showed that the TN threshold was 1.8 mg/L based on the TITAN and the TP threshold was 0.039 mg/L based on the frequency distribution approach. The TITAN also identified 29 indicator species of TN and 28 indicator species of TP. Based on these criteria, we found 73% sites with TN concentrations higher than the 1.8 mg/L. As for TP, 58% sites exceeded 0.039 mg/L. This study showed that most of the downstream areas of the Haihe River are subject to relatively serious disturbances. This finding could provide implications for identifying the water quality traits of and generating protection strategies for the Haihe River in Tianjin.
Vision-Based Robotic Comanipulation for Deforming Cables

Although deformable linear objects (DLOs), such as cables, are widely used in the majority of life fields and activities, the robotic manipulation of these objects is considerably more complex compared to the rigid-body manipulation and still an open challenge. In this paper, we introduce a new framework using two robotic arms cooperatively manipulating a DLO from an initial shape to a desired one. Based on visual servoing and computer vision techniques, a perception approach is proposed to detect and sample the DLO as a set of virtual feature points. Then a manipulation planning approach is introduced to map between the motion of the manipulators end effectors and the DLO points by a Jacobian matrix. To avoid excessive stretching of the DLO, the planning approach generates a path for each DLO point forming profiles between the initial and desired shapes. It is guaranteed that all these intershape profiles are reachable and maintain the cable length constraint. The framework and the aforementioned approaches are validated in real-life experiments.
Self-defining memories and past academic stress in Chinese and American college students: a replication and extension of Wang and Singer (2021)

ABSTRACT The current study replicated Wang and Singer’s ([2021]. A cross-cultural study of self-defining memories in Chinese and American college students. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.622527) finding that Chinese college students from the People’s Republic of China (PRC) recalled more self-defining memories (SDMs) focused on high school academic stress than their American counterparts. Seventy-eight American students from a private 4-year liberal arts college and 96 Chinese students from 13 different Chinese universities recalled two SDMs and rated them for affect, recall frequency, and importance. Once again, Chinese college students were more likely than American students to recall academic stress SDMs, but also expressed more redemptive themes in these memories. Overall, Chinese students rated their SDMs as more positive than the Americans, while the American sample tended to recall their negative memories more frequently. Contrasting the SDMs, American students self-reported higher levels of stress about their high school workload and less academic self-confidence. Regressions linked more negative affect in American SDMs to these work load and self-confidence concerns. Chinese students’ SDM negative affect was most strongly predicted by perceived academic stress linked to parental and teachers’ expectations. The discussion highlights the potential influence of Confucian values in the Chinese students’ responses to past academic stress and their internalisation of academic stress memories in their narrative identity.
Motor impedance and inverse kinematics in musculoskeletal systems

A method for resolving kinematic redundancies of musculoskeletal systems is discussed. First, the relationships between muscle force and end-point motion are derived by defining two kinds of Jacobian matrices. Then it is shown that the motor impedance allows not only the end-point displacement but also the end-point velocity and acceleration to be transformed into the joint and muscle coordinates. <<ETX>>
The Synthetic Flavonoid Hidrosmin Improves Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerotic Lesions in Diabetic Mice

In diabetes, chronic hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to the progression of macro/microvascular complications. Recently, benefits of the use of flavonoids in these conditions have been established. This study investigates, in two different mouse models of diabetes, the vasculoprotective effects of the synthetic flavonoid hidrosmin on endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis. In a type 2 diabetes model of leptin-receptor-deficient (db/db) mice, orally administered hidrosmin (600 mg/kg/day) for 16 weeks markedly improved vascular function in aorta and mesenteric arteries without affecting vascular structural properties, as assessed by wire and pressure myography. In streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, hidrosmin treatment for 7 weeks reduced atherosclerotic plaque size and lipid content; increased markers of plaque stability; and decreased markers of inflammation, senescence and oxidative stress in aorta. Hidrosmin showed cardiovascular safety, as neither functional nor structural abnormalities were noted in diabetic hearts. Ex vivo, hidrosmin induced vascular relaxation that was blocked by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition. In vitro, hidrosmin stimulated endothelial NOS activity and NO production and downregulated hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory and oxidant genes in vascular smooth muscle cells. Our results highlight hidrosmin as a potential add-on therapy in the treatment of macrovascular complications of diabetes.