Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Glucose Signaling during Germination of Arabidopsis1

Glucose (Glc) signaling, along with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, has been implicated in regulating early plant development in Arabidopsis. It is generally believed that high levels of exogenous Glc cause ABA accumulation, which results in a delay of germination and an inhibition of seedling development—a typical stress response. To test this hypothesis and decipher the complex interactions that occur in the signaling pathways, we determined the effects of sugar and ABA on one developmental event, germination. We show that levels of exogenous Glc lower than previously cited could delay the rate of seed germination in wild-ecotype seeds. Remarkably, this effect could not be mimicked by an osmotic effect, and ABA was still involved. With higher concentrations of Glc, previously known Glc-insensitive mutants gin2 and abi4 exhibited germination kinetics similar to wild type, indicating that Glc-insensitive phenotypes are not the same for all developmental stages of growth and that the signaling properties of Glc vary with concentration. Higher concentrations of Glc were more potent in delaying seed germination. However, Glc-delayed seed germination was not caused by increased cellular ABA concentration, rather Glc appeared to slow down the decline of endogenous ABA. Except for the ABA-insensitive mutants, all tested genotypes appeared to have similar ABA perception during germination, where germination was correlated with the timing of ABA drop to a threshold level. In addition, Glc was found to modulate the transcription of genes involved in ABA biosynthesis and perception only after germination, suggesting a critical role of the developmental program in sugar sensing. On the basis of an extensive phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular analysis, we suggest that exogenous Glc application creates specific signals that vary with concentration and the developmental stage of the plant and that Glc-induced fluctuations in endogenous ABA level generate a different set of signals than those generated by external ABA application.
Dignity and Democracy: An Exploration of Middle School Teachers’ Pedagogy

Abstract In an effort to learn more about pedagogy in the action present moments of teaching and in response to Schön’s (1987) call for a “phenomenology of practice,” this phenomenological study explored the pedagogy of 18 middle school teachers. The researcher selected participants with a purposive sampling procedure. Participants taught for at least three years in a middle grades school—defined as any school that includes students 10-14 years of age and employs at least two structures in support of middle school philosophy. Fourteen participants chose to participate in a conversational interview about moments they recognized and responded to when a student did not understand something during an instructional activity. Four participants chose to write a lived-experience description of this same moment. The researcher identified meanings through phenomenological readings of the data. Meanings in this paper focus on the response portion of the experience and are discussed using Beane’s (1997) notion of high pedagogy. Findings indicate that responses are experienced in continuous recognition-response processes, which often include a positioning that takes place prior to recognition. Furthermore, responses have a certain feel or manner, and are based on the teacher’s perception of how a student will feel as a result of the response.
79GHz BiCMOS single-ended and differential power amplifiers

This paper presents the performance of 79GHz power amplifiers (PAs) for automotive short range radar (SRR) application. A single-ended four stage common emitter circuit topology and a differential PA with integrated baluns are fabricated using 0. 13µm SiGe BiCMOS process. The design and the measured results of the monolithic integrated low-voltage PAs are reported. The 79GHz differential PA, which the design is based on the single-ended PA, delivers 18dBm of maximum output power and 13.5dBm output power at ldB compression (Pide)· The differential circuit achieves 21.5dB gain and shows 8.2% of power added efficiency (PAE) from a 1.8V supply voltage at 79 GHz. The power amplifier was fully integrated including matching elements, bias circuit and very small baluns. The chip occupies an area of 0.46mm2 and 0.7mm2 for the single-ended and differential configuration respectively.
Disciplining the “Second World”: the relationship between transnational and local forces in contemporary Hungarian women's social movements

During the past 20 years, Hungarian women's movements have been increasingly reaching out to their transnational counterparts for inspiration and support. The activists' growing exposure at the transnational level has profoundly affected the thematic foci that they select for mobilisation. Generational and information-technology changes have both added to the increasing focus of Hungarian women's organisations on domestic violence. Such a shift has channelled attention away from welfare-related issues for the sake of resonance and transnational support. This article investigates these trends and changes, suggests reasons for their emergence, and addresses their implications.
The influence of climate on phytoplankton community biomass in San Francisco Bay Estuary

The distribution of biomass within the phytoplankton community in northern San Francisco Bay Estuary was influenced by environmental conditions resulting from an interdecadal climate regime shift between 1975 and 1993. A decrease in percentage of diatom biovolume characterized the period 1975–1989 and was caused by both a decrease in diatom and an increase in green and bluegreen algae and flagellate species biovolume. Among the diatoms, there was a greater loss of pennate than centric diatoms. The direct role of climate variation on phytoplankton community biovolume was determined using climatically‐related environmental variation that was isolated from the total environmental variation using the covariance between a California climate index and a suite of physical and chemical variables and summarized by principal component analysis. Significant correlation between climatically‐related environmental variation and phytoplankton species and species group biovolume suggested a link between climate and the distribution of biovolume in the phytoplankton community. Further analysis of the possible mechanisms controlling the association between climatically‐related environmental variation and phytoplankton community biovolume confirmed the importance of water temperature, specific conductance, and water transparency to pennate diatom biovolume. Comparison of natural and anthropogenic processes indicated that diatom biovolume at each station was influenced by environmental conditions even though total diatom biovolume in the estuary was strongly influenced by water diversion.
2 Input Estimation from State Space Reconstruction

Environmental signals sensed by nervous systems are often represented in spike trains carried from sensory neurons to higher neural functions where decisions and functional actions occur. Information about the environmental stimulus is contained (encoded) in the train of spikes. We show how to “read” the encoding using state space methods of nonlinear dynamics. We create a mapping from spike signals which are output from the neural processing system back to an estimate of the analog input signal. This mapping is realized locally in a reconstructed state space embodying both the dynamics of the source of the sensory signal and the dynamics of the neural circuit doing the processing. We explore this idea using a Hodgkin-Huxley conductance based neuron model and input from a low dimensional dynamical system, the Lorenz system. We show that one may accurately learn the dynamical input/output connection and estimate with high precision the details of the input signals from spike timing output alone. This form of “reading the neural code” has a focus on the neural circuitry as a dynamical system and emphasizes how one interprets the dynamical degrees of freedom in the neural circuit as they transform analog environmental information into spike trains.
Online social shopping: the impact of attitude, customer information quality, effectiveness of information content and perceived social presence

Socialisation through online social media has changed the pattern in which customers behave. Few studies have examined the implication of social network website in online retailing context by extending the social presence theory and inclusion of attitude (ATT), customer information quality (CIQ) and effectiveness of information content (EIC) in understanding shopping behaviour among social networks users. Thus, this study attempts to examine the influence of ATT, CIQ, EIC and perceived social presence (PSP) on social shopping (SS) intention among social network users. Quantitative techniques, snowball sampling procedure and cross sectional data collection approach used to empirically test the hypotheses within structural equation modelling (SEM) using SmartPLS software for assessment of measurement model (internal consistency, indicator reliability, convergence and discriminant validity) and structural model (structural model for collinearity, the significance of the path coefficients, the level of the R² values, the f² effect size and the predictive relevance). A total of 326 valid online questionnaires were analysed. The findings indicate that CIQ, EIC, PSP and ATT are significant predictor toward SS intention. This study contributes to literature by examining social factors of shopping intention and examining Malaysian online social groups. Finally, the study limitations, implication and social contribution are discussed.
Do interpersonal features of social anxiety influence the development of depressive symptoms?

This study is a prospective examination of possible interpersonal features of social anxiety that might predict increases in depressive symptoms. It was hypothesised that social anxiety would be associated with avoidance of expressing emotion, lack of assertion, and interpersonal dependency and that these dysfunctional interpersonal styles would predict depressive symptoms one year later while controlling for Time 1 depressive symptoms. One hundred and two undergraduates completed interview and self-report measures of these interpersonal styles in addition to measures of social anxiety and depressive symptoms. Results indicated that social anxiety was associated with all three interpersonal styles. However, only avoidance of expressing emotions predicted Time 2 depressive symptoms. Theoretical implications of these results are discussed.
Reinforcement Learning in a large scale photonic Recurrent Neural Network

Photonic Neural Network implementations have been gaining considerable attention as a potentially disruptive future technology. Demonstrating learning in large scale neural networks is essential to establish photonic machine learning substrates as viable information processing systems. Realizing photonic Neural Networks with numerous nonlinear nodes in a fully parallel and efficient learning hardware was lacking so far. We demonstrate a network of up to 2500 diffractively coupled photonic nodes, forming a large scale Recurrent Neural Network. Using a Digital Micro Mirror Device, we realize reinforcement learning. Our scheme is fully parallel, and the passive weights maximize energy efficiency and bandwidth. The computational output efficiently converges and we achieve very good performance.
Ontological Model for Colon Carcinoma : A Case Study for Knowledge Representation in Clinical

Clinical bioinformatics lacks a formal representation for diseases which can take care of the levels of granularity which exist from the clinical level to the genetic level. Such a representation needs integration across various databases and creation of parts of the representation manually due to missing information within the existing databases. [1] Such missing information can be partly supplemented by knowledge discovery using statistical and probabilistic methods. We have considered colon carcinoma and related disorders in order to create a formal ontological representation as a case study for the feasibility of such an approach in clinical bioinformatics.
Exploring the Determinants of Unit Performance

This article sets out to identify the origins of performance differences between units within the same organizational and industry context. Building on and reconciling diverse research streams, it empirically tests the effect of strategic, individual, and context factors on performance over time. The study complements traditional research in strategy by advancing a middle manager perspective. More specifically, it highlights the importance of middlemanagers' actions aligned with strategy, their demographic characteristics, and their immediate competitive environment in stimulating performance. Data on 119 managers and units of a European financial services firm suggest that how middle managers enact strategy, who they are, and where they are significantly affect profit growth in their units.
Nucleosome Positioning with Set of Key Positions and Nucleosome Affinity

The formation and precise positioning of nucleosome in chromatin occupies a very important role in studying life process. Today, there are many researchers who discovered that the positioning where the location of a DNA sequence fragment wraps around a histone octamer in genome is not random but regular. However, the positioning is closely relevant to the concrete sequence of core DNA. So in this paper, we analyzed the relation between the affinity and sequence structure of core DNA, and extracted the set of key positions. In these positions, the nucleotide sequences probably occupy mainly action in the binding. First, we simplified and formatted the experimental data with the affinity. Then, to find the key positions in the wrapping, we used neural network to analyze the positive and negative effects of nucleosome generation for each position in core DNA sequences. However, we reached a class of weights with every position to describe this effect. Finally, based on the positions with high weights, we analyzed the reason why the chosen positions are key positions, and used these positions to construct a model for nucleosome positioning prediction. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our method.
Maternal Anemia in Rural Jordan: Room for Improvement

The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to estimate the prevalence and determine factors associated with anemia among pregnant women in rural Jordan. A cohort of 700 pregnant women from a National Health Service hospital and ten health centers completed a questionnaire. Of the total, 243 (34.7%) had anemia. The prevalence was the highest for women in their 3rd trimester (42.5%) compared to those in 2nd trimester (32.7%) and 1st trimester (18.9%). Gestational age, body mass index, history of previous surgery, and multivitamin intake during pregnancy were significantly associated with anemia. Women in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters had higher odds of anemia (OR = 2.2 and 3.3, resp.). Underweight women had higher odds of anemia (OR = 2.9). History of previous surgery and multivitamin intake during pregnancy were associated with higher odds of anemia (OR = 1.6 and 1.9, resp.).
A randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial of N-acetylcysteine on oxidative stress and endothelial function in HIV-infected older adults receiving antiretroviral treatment.

HIV-infected individuals are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population [1]. This increased risk is exponentially greater in older HIV-infected persons [1]. Given that the survival rate of the HIV-infected population is nearing that of the general population with the widespread use of highly effective antiretroviral treatment (ART), there is growing concern that the risk of CVD will be magnified several-fold as this aging group continues to increase in prevalence. Thus, therapies to address this risk for CVD in older patients are needed.
Adaptive structured parallelism

Algorithmic skeletons abstract commonly-used patterns of parallel computa¬ tion, communication, and interaction. Parallel programs are expressed by in¬ terweaving parameterised skeletons analogously to the way in which struc¬ tured sequential programs are developed, using well-defined constructs. Skele¬ tons provide top-down design composition and control inheritance through¬ out the program structure. Based on the algorithmic skeleton concept, struc¬ tured parallelism provides a high-level parallel programming technique which allows the conceptual description of parallel programs whilst fostering plat¬ form independence and algorithm abstraction. By decoupling the algorithm specification from machine-dependent structural considerations, structured par¬ allelism allows programmers to code programs regardless of how the compu¬ tation and communications will be executed in the system platform. Meanwhile, large non-dedicated multiprocessing systems have long posed a challenge to known distributed systems programming techniques as a result of the inherent heterogeneity and dynamism of their resources. Scant research has been devoted to the use of structural information provided by skeletons in adaptively improving program performance, based on resource utilisation. This thesis presents a methodology to improve skeletal parallel programming in heterogeneous distributed systems by introducing adaptivity through re¬ source awareness. As we hypothesise that a skeletal program should be able to adapt to the dynamic resource conditions over time using its structural fore¬ casting information, we have developed ASPara: Adaptive Structured Par¬ allelism. ASPara is a generic methodology to incorporate structural infor¬ mation at compilation into a parallel program, which will help it to adapt at execution.
Producing the professional doctorate: the portfolio as a legitimate alternative to the dissertation

This paper outlines the potential of the portfolio as a product of doctoral work, especially in the Professional Doctorates. It compares the traditional mode of a single, lengthy but clearly focused doctoral dissertation with the portfolio as a collection of shorter research reports, held together by a linking paper articulating the thesis. We argue that the portfolio is appropriate for the Professional Doctorate that focuses upon improvement in the professional workplace and that coherence and significance are key issues.
Just Digital or Multi-Channel? The Preferences of E-Government Service Adoption by Citizens and Business Users

The digital world has entered governments and public sector institu- tions. In that context, public e-services have been gaining increasing importance in recent years. However, will everything end up being digital in the future? This article investigates the preferences of citizens and business users to adopt different public services electronically and via further offline channels. Data of 500 citizens and 500 companies were collected together with the German Fed- eral Employment Agency. Our findings indicate that citizens as well as business users ask for a multi-channel offering. They prefer to deliberately choose sub- jective suitable channels for different services. We furthermore observed a dif- ference between companies from different industries as well as between small and medium-to-large companies, such as the latter ones having a stronger pref- erence for online channels than small companies.
"To know, to will, to dare and to … speak up!" development, self-disclosure, and self-validation of belief in Dutch-speaking Pagans

In this paper I will focus on the problem of the self-validation of belief as a typical mode of making sense of alleged encounters with the divine in a ritual context. Drawing on examples taken from semi-structured interviews with Dutch Pagans, I will touch upon motives of self-actualisation and aesthetic appraisal in the process of interpreting these ritual experiences in an idiosyncratic fashion. I will then discuss the problem of self-disclosure. Finally, I will proceed to tie self-validation in with two competing theories on the nature of ritual knowledge. The ‘variation-theory’ understands knowledge as emergent only from gradually changing rituals, while the ‘masterpiece-theory’ emphasises the need for repetitive exposure to a ritual, gradually incorporating its essence.
Do Nonprofit Boards Make a Difference? An Exploration of the Relationships Among Board Structure, Process, and Effectiveness

The contribution of board structure and process dynamics to organiza tional and board effectiveness is the focus of this article. Based on data collected from a cross section of Canadian nonprofit organizations, the results show a positive association between the perception of board effec tiveness and the use of many of the most widely advocated prescriptions on how a nonprofit board of directors should operate. However, when objective indicators of organizational performance are examined, the link between performance and board behaviors is found to be more limited.
Current mode, low-power, on-chip signaling in deep-submicron CMOS technology

This paper reports an analogy between on-chip signaling and digital communication over a band-limited channel. This analogy has been used to design a scheme for low-power, on-chip signaling, robustly resistant to power-supply noise. The technique uses multilevel, current-mode signaling as its core. The number of levels is determined by estimating the bandwidth of the wire. A closed-form expression has been presented here describing the bandwidth of a wire modeled as a first-order RLC circuit. An algorithm is presented for computing the levels of the current given target bit rate, bit-error rate, and wire characteristics. Simulation results using HSPICE from Avant! show that the algorithm for computing the wire bandwidth presented here has an average error of less than 10%. Experimental results on a set of benchmark signaling problems implemented in a 0.25-/spl mu/m 2.5-V CMOS process, show that using four levels of current instead of the standard two levels allows a two-fold reduction in the power and a reduction of 1.4 times the area.
Epidemiology of fragility fractures and fall prevention in the elderly: a systematic review of the literature

Fragility fractures in the elderly is an ongoing concern for orthopaedic surgeons. A 50-year-old woman has a 40% chance of having a vertebral compression fracture in her lifetime. The incidence of vertebral fractures, reported to be more than 10 times higher than that of femoral fractures, is estimated as 1–1.5 million per year in Japan. Vertebral fractures often occur without a fall, whereas the majority of nonvertebral fractures are the consequence of falls; the site of the nonvertebral fracture appears to be dictated by the type of fall. Distal radial fractures commonly occur as a consequence of hand protection during the fall. In older patients, falling load tends to directly affect shoulder and hip joints and lead to proximal humeral and femoral fractures. The incidence of vertebral fractures is increased in women over 50 yr of age, following the same trend as osteoporosis prevalence. Conversely, the mean age for proximal femoral fractures is around 80 yr, and more than 75% of femoral fractures occur in individuals over the age of 75. The prognostic risk of aging is 11-fold greater than that of reduced bone mineral density, and age is another risk factor for femoral fractures. Prophylactic therapy for osteoporosis and femoral fractures was shown to more effective in women in their 70s than in those over the age of 80. Although several approaches, including exercise therapy, vitamin D administration, and environmental adjustment at home, have been reported to be effective in fall prevention, effective fracture prevention approaches in frail elderly individuals have not yet been well established.