Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discourse as infrastructure: How “New Infrastructure” policies re-infrastructure China

The term “New Infrastructure” has been highlighted in China’s recent policies. It refers to a set of new, and expanding, policies and the discourse surrounding them which support the development of facilities, equipment, and systems derived from the latest technologies, including 5G Internet of Things, AI, cloud computing, and data centers. This article reviews China’s New Infrastructure policies, analyzing their specific discursive ontologies and how they relate to major state projects to “re-infrastructure” China’s economy. It introduces the concept of “discursive infrastructure” and argues that the policies that redefine and recategorize infrastructure themselves serve as a form of infrastructure. Key to the concept is the recognition that discursive infrastructure relies on mutually constitutive material and semiotic dimensions and dialectically reproduces both symbols of progress and positive infrastructural imaginaries. Drawing on an analysis of policy documents and other discursive materials, the article tracks New Infrastructure’s fetish-like existence and unravels the multiple political modalities, as well their varying efficacies, that are manifested through the discursive publics they generate. It likewise reveals some emerging conflicts that appear across New Infrastructure’s different contexts, showing critical gaps between imaginaries and actualities, all of which have a profound effect on a re-infrastructured China.
Low-CO2 inducible bestrophins in diatom thylakoid membranes sustain high photosynthetic efficacy at distant locations from the pyrenoid

Anion transporters are important to sustain a variety of physiological states in cells. Bestrophins are a family of Cl− and/or HCO3− transporters conserved in bacteria, animals, algae, and plants. Recently, bestrophin paralogs were found in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as up- regulated components in low CO2 conditions that play an essential role in the CO2- concentrating mechanism (CCM). Bestrophin orthologs are also conserved in diatoms, a group of secondary endosymbiotic algae harboring red-type plastids, but their physiological functions are not known yet. Here, we characterized the subcellular localization and expression profile of bestrophins in the marine diatoms Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PtBST1−4) and Thalassiosira pseudonana (TpBST1 and 2). PtBST1 and PtBST2 were localized at the stromal thylakoid membrane outside of the pyrenoid, and PtBST3 was localized in the pyrenoid. Contrarily, TpBST1 and TpBST2 were both localized in the pyrenoid. These bestrophin proteins were accumulated in cells grown in atmospheric CO2 but not in 1% CO2-grown cells. To assess the physiological functions, we generated knock-out mutants for PtBST1 by genome editing. The lack of PtBST1 decreased affinity of photosynthesis for dissolved inorganic carbon closer to that of the cells grown in 1% CO2. Additionally, non-photochemical quenching was 1.5–2.0 times higher in the mutants than that of the wild type cells. These data suggests that HCO3− transport at the stroma thylakoid membranes by PtBST1 is a critical part of the CO2 evolving system of the pyrenoid in the fully induced CCM, and simultaneously that PtBST1 modulates photoprotection in response to CO2 availability in P. tricornutum. Significant statement Marine diatoms are responsible for nearly half of oceanic primary production, owing to the high-affinity photosynthesis for dissolved inorganic carbon which is supported by CO2- concentrating mechanism (CCM). This study uncovered that a bestrophin family protein at the stoma thylakoid membrane operates to import HCO3− to the thylakoid lumen and mobilizes it towards the CO2 evolving system at the pyrenoid-penetrating thylakoid in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. This HCO3− collecting system not only enhances the CCM but also down regulates the photoprotection capacity of photosystem II, presumably by affecting the thylakoid lumen acidification. This study experimentally demonstrates the molecular mechanism how diatoms optimize the use of CO2 and light energy, giving an insight into the reason of ecological successfulness of marine diatoms.
The RNA-binding domain of hnRNP U extends beyond the RGG/RG motifs

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (hnRNP U) is a ubiquitously expressed protein that regulates chromatin architecture through its interactions with numerous DNA, protein, and RNA partners. The RNA-binding domain (RBD) of hnRNP U was previously mapped to an RGG/RG element within its disordered C-terminal region, but little is understood about its binding mode and potential for selective RNA recognition. Analysis of publicly available hnRNP U enhanced UV crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (eCLIP) data identified high-confidence binding sites within human RNAs. We synthesized a set of diverse RNAs encompassing eleven of these identified crosslink sites for biochemical characterization using a combination of fluorescence anisotropy and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. These in vitro binding experiments with a rationally designed set of RNAs and hnRNP U domains revealed that the RGG/RG element is a small part of a more expansive RBD that encompasses most of the disordered C-terminal region. This RBD contains a second, previously experimentally uncharacterized RGG/RG element with RNA-binding properties comparable to the canonical RGG/RG element. These RGG/RG elements serve redundant functions, with neither serving as the primary RBD. While in isolation each RGG/RG element has modest affinity for RNA, together they significantly enhance the association of hnRNP U with RNA, enabling binding of most of the designed RNA set with low to mid-nanomolar binding affinities. Identification and characterization of the complete hnRNP U RBD highlights the perils of a reductionist approach to defining biochemical activities in this system and paves the way for a detailed investigation of its RNA-binding specificity.
Probabilistic Diagnosis Using a Reformulation of the INTERNIST-1 / QMR Knowledge Base I . The Probabilistic Model and Inference Algorithms

The INTERNIST-1 system was developed at the University of Pitts-burgh as an experimental decision-support tool in general internal medicine [1-4]. When presented with findings from a patient's history, physical examination, and laboratory-test results, INTERNIST-l used a heuris-tic reasoning method with a quasi-probabilistic scoring scheme to suggest likely disease candidates and to guide the physician in the patient's workup.
A standardized measurement instrument was recommended for evaluating operator experience in complex healthcare interventions

Objective: During development of complex surgical innovations, modiﬁcations occur to optimize safety and efﬁcacy. Operators’ experiences (how professionals feel undertaking the innovation) drive this process but comprehensive overviews of measures of this concept are lacking. This study identiﬁed and appraised measures to assess operators’ experience of surgical innovation. Study Design and Setting: There were three phases: (1) Literature reviews identiﬁed measures of operators’ experience and concepts measured were extracted and grouped into domains. (2) Quality appraisal was conducted to assess content validity of identiﬁed instruments and was supported by COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments methodology. Self-reported measurement instruments that had underdone formal development were eligible. Content validity was assessed using COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments criteria for good content validity (rated sufﬁcient/insuf-ﬁcient/indeterminate/inconsistent), informed by standards for measurement development and domains identiﬁed in phase 1. (3) Instruments determined suitable and of sufﬁcient quality underwent supplemental appraisal in interviews with international multidisciplinary professionals and a focus group. Results: Literature reviews identiﬁed 16 measurement instruments from 243 studies. Most assessed ‘psychological’ experiences and ‘usability’. No instrument was speciﬁcally validated
Att kartlägga sociala värden i stadens utemiljö

Sociotopkartering har anvants som metod sedan borjan av 2000-talet i Sveriges tva storsta stader, Stockholm och Goteborg. Sociotopkartan i Goteborg ska bli komplett under sommaren 2013 och tacka hela staden. Jag ar delaktig i slutforandet genom en sommartjanst pa park- och naturforvaltningen i Goteborg. Syftet ar att uppsatsen ska bidra med kunskap om sociotopkartan och vara en referens i vidare undersokning av metoden. I uppsatsen har jag valt att fordjupa min kunskap om uppkomsten av sociotopkartan genom att gora en litteraturstudie. Denna litteraturstudie har stadens utemiljo som utgangspunkt, med hensyn till stadsplanerarens roll, stadsbyggnadsideal och kartan som redskap. Stadsplanerarens roll har forandrats och beskrivs idag i form av en facilitator som samlar andras asikter for att gora valgrundade planeringsbeslut. I uppsatsen diskuteras aven funktionalismens intag i staderna samt den kritik som uppstod mot funktionalistisk och modernistisk utformning av offentliga rum. De stadsbyggnadsideal som rader idag forordar den kompakta staden dar konflikter oundvikligen uppstar. Kartans roll beskrivs i uppsatsen som ett redskap for att visualisera information. Sociotopkartan uppstod som ett satt att skapa forstaelse for varden som annars ar svara att beskriva och argumentera for. En jamforande studie av Stockholms och Goteborgs arbete med sociotopkartan har genomforts och visar pa vissa skillnader och likheter. Skillnaderna tar uttryck i olika utforanden, vem som ansvarar for kartorna och hur sociotopkartorna ar utformade. Likheter bestar i hur kartorna anvands i de bada staderna. Exempelvis ar kartan ett kunskapsunderlag i bade Stockholm och Goteborg. Utifran sociotopkartan gors analyser av sociala varden, analyser som senare ligger till grund for plandokument inom gronplanering. Den avslutande delen diskuterar och svarar pa de inledande fragor som stallts om sociotopkartan. Nackdelar och fordelar med sociotopkartan sammanfattas och sa konstateras att en sociotopkarta far olika resultat beroende pa vem som gor den och fragan stalls om det behover vara negativt. I denna del utvarderas ocksa uppsatsens metod och forslag ges till vidare studier.
Exploring the deviations from scale-invariance of spatial distributions of buildings using a Geographically Weighted Fractal Analysis. An application to twenty French middle-size metropolitan areas

In the early twentieth century a handful of French geographers and historians famously suggested that mainland France comprised two agrarian systems: enclosed field systems with scattered settlements in the central and western France, and openfield systems with grouped settlements in eastern France. This division between grouped and scattered settlements can still be found on the outskirts of urban areas. The objective of this paper is to determine whether the shape of urban areas varies with the type of built patterns in their periphery. To this end, we identify and characterise the local and global deviations from scale-invariance of built patterns in metropolitan France. We propose a new method –Geographically Weighted Fractal Analysis – that can characterize built patterns at a fine spatial resolution without making any a priori distinction between urban patterns and suburban or rural patterns. By applying GWFA to the spatial distribution of buildings throughout mainland France we identify six geographically consistent types of built patterns that are distinctive in the way buildings are either concentrated or dispersed across scales. The relationship between the local built textures and the global shape of twenty metropolitan areas is then analysed statistically. It is found that the proportion of dispersed (or concentrated) outer suburban built patterns in metropolitan areas is closely related to the distance threshold that marks the morphological limit of their urban areas.
Partial identification of dose responses with hidden confounders

Inferring causal effects of continuous-valued treatments from observational data is a crucial task promising to better inform policy- and decision-makers. A critical assumption needed to identify these effects is that all confounding variables -- causal parents of both the treatment and the outcome -- are included as covariates. Unfortunately, given observational data alone, we cannot know with certainty that this criterion is satisfied. Sensitivity analyses provide principled ways to give bounds on causal estimates when confounding variables are hidden. While much attention is focused on sensitivity analyses for discrete-valued treatments, much less is paid to continuous-valued treatments. We present novel methodology to bound both average and conditional average continuous-valued treatment-effect estimates when they cannot be point identified due to hidden confounding. A semi-synthetic benchmark on multiple datasets shows our method giving tighter coverage of the true dose-response curve than a recently proposed continuous sensitivity model and baselines. Finally, we apply our method to a real-world observational case study to demonstrate the value of identifying dose-dependent causal effects.
Land-use dependent source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban watershed Répartition des sources d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques en fonction de l'usage des sols dans un bassin versant

* Institute of Urban Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany (jin.zhang@tu-dresden.de) ** State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008 Nanjing, China *** Chair of Water Supply Engineering, Institute of Urban Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany (pei.hua@tudresden.de)
Testing New Weak Lensing Measurement Techniques With The Dark Energy Survey

In this dissertation, we first present an analysis on the effect of wind at the Blanco Telescope, the home of the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), on Dark Energy Survey (DES) image quality. We find it to have a likely negligible impact on the weak gravitational lensing measurements conducted with images taken during high wind. We then present the methods and validation of two new techniques in weak lensing shear and magnification measurement. We demonstrate highly accurate recovery of weak gravitational lensing shear using an implementation of the Bayesian Fourier Domain (BFD) method, proposed by \cite{BA14}, extended to correct for selection biases. The BFD formalism is rigorously correct for Nyquist-sampled, background-limited, uncrowded image of background galaxies. We conduct initial tests of this code on $\approx 10^9$ simulated lensed galaxy images and recover the simulated shear to a fractional accuracy of $m=(2.1\pm0.4)\times10^{-3},$ substantially more accurate than has been demonstrated previously for any generally applicable shear measurement method. We also introduce a new Bayesian method for selecting high-redshift galaxies and calculating their magnification around foreground lenses. We apply this method to galaxies from DES Science Verification (SV). Finally, we share the results of a survey conducted with DES collaborators on the collaboration itself, in which we find positive attitudes towards education and public outreach (EPO) in physics and astronomy. We also provide recommendations for current and future surveys on how to increase EPO engagement by scientists. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Physics & Astronomy This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/3141 First Advisor Gary Bernstein
Review On Diet Recommendation System Using Machine Learning

: In today’s modern world people all around the globe are becoming more interested in their health and lifestyle. But just avoiding junk food and doing an exercise is not enough, we require a balanced diet. A balanced diet based on our height, weight and age can lead a healthy life. Combined with physical activity, your diet can help you to reach and maintain a healthy weight, reduce your risk of chronic diseases (like heart disease and cancer), and promote your overall health. A balanced diet is one that gives your body the nutrients it needs to function correctly. Calories in the food is the measure of amount of energy store in that food. Our body use calories for basically everything like breathing, walking, running etc. On average a person needs 2000 calories per day but specifically intake of calories depends upon persons physical aspects like weight, height, age and gender. So, your food choices each day affect your health — how you feel today, tomorrow, and in the future. Thus, a proposed system gives recommend you a diet plan based on your physical aspects and your end goal.
An Online Hyper-volume Action Bounding Approach for Accelerating the Process of Deep Reinforcement Learning from Multiple Controllers

This paper fuses ideas from Reinforcement Learning (RL), Learning from Demonstration (LfD), and Ensemble Learning into a single paradigm. Knowledge from a mixture of control algorithms (experts) are used to constrain the action space of the agent, enabling faster RL reﬁning of a control policy, by avoiding unnecessary explorative actions. Domain-speciﬁc knowledge of each expert is exploited. However, the resulting policy is robust against errors of individual experts, since it is reﬁned by a RL reward function without copying any particular demonstration. Our method has the potential to supplement existing RLfD methods when multiple algorithmic approaches are available to function as experts. We illustrate our method in the context of a Visual Servoing (VS) task, in which a 7-dof robot arm is controlled to maintain a desired pose relative to a target object. We explore four methods for bounding the actions of the RL agent during training. These methods include using a hypercube and convex hull with modiﬁed loss functions, ignoring actions outside the convex hull, and projecting actions onto the convex hull. We compare the training progress of each method with and without using the expert demonstrators. Our experiments show that using the convex hull with a modiﬁed loss function signiﬁcantly improves training progress. Furthermore, we demonstrate faster VS error convergence while maintaining higher manipulability of the arm, compared to classical image-based VS, position-based VS, and hybrid-decoupled VS.
Late Eocene to early Oligocene productivity events in the proto-Southern Ocean as drivers of global cooling and Antarctica glaciation

The Eocene-Oligocene transition (ca 40-33 Ma) marks a transformation from an ice free to an ice-house climate mode that is well recorded by oxygen stable isotopes and sea surface temperature proxies. Opening of the Southern Ocean gateways and decline in atmospheric carbon dioxide have been hypothesised as possible triggers of the major climate shift during the Cenozoic. However, the identification of the driving mechanisms remains controversial and it depends on a better understanding of how the different environmental changes correlate to each other. In this study, we investigate the spatio-temporal variation in export productivity using biogenic Ba (bio-Ba) from different Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites in the Southern Ocean, focusing on possible mechanisms that controlled them as well as correlation of export productivity changes to changes in the global carbon cycle. We document two significant SO region high export productivity late-Eocene events (ca. 37 and 33.5 Ma) that are correlated to pronounced changes in global atmospheric p CO 2 . We propose that paleoceanographic changes that followed Southern Ocean gateway openings, along with more variable increases in circulation driven by episodic expansion and decline of the Antarctic ice sheet, drove enhanced SO export production in the late Eocene through basal Oligocene. These factors may have driven the episodic reduction of atmospheric carbon dioxide and contributed to Antarctic glaciation during the Eocene-Oligocene transition.
Teaching assistant selection in Thailand by using an extended VIKOR based on piecewise linear approximation of fuzzy numbers

Because of the COVID-19 situation, selection for a teaching assistant position to get a TA scholarship in a university in Thailand needs to be performed online by the formed committee. Due to the online process and the limited number of scholarships offered by the university, beyond the face-to-face interview, multiple-criteria decision analysis can help to select a proper student. In this study, we use the extended VIKOR method with fuzzy numbers to help committees to select the students from the applicants. The criteria and the weights of the criteria are provided with the help of committees. Both trapezoidal and triangular linguistic variables are used to find the solution and to observe the range of the possible result. The different weights supporting the strategy of maximum group utility are varied to detect the potential alternatives. The ranking results are also compared with the one obtained from the TODIM approach to illustrate the appropriate alternative.
Essays in Education Essays in Education

Significantly, job satisfaction and motivation are very essential to the continuing growth of educational systems around the world and they rank alongside professional knowledge and skills, center competencies, educational resources as well as strategies, in genuinely determining educational success and performance. This study assessed the differences and relationship between the level of teachers’ job satisfaction, motivation and their teaching performance in Rivers State of Nigeria. A questionnaire titled ‘TEJOSAMOQ’ was used to collect data for the study. While the data for the study was analyzed using multiple statistical procedures: mean point value, standard deviation, and variance, t-test of significance and One-way-analysis of variance (ANOVA). The survey results revealed that teacher related sources of job satisfaction seem to have a greater impact on teaching performance, as teachers are also dissatisfied with the educational policies and administration, pay and fringe benefits, material rewards and advancement.