Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Cue Competition in Adults’ Novel Verb Generalization

In addition to identifying the referents of novel words, language learners also have to learn to generalize newly acquired words to the appropriate range of referents. Here we ask: what is the relative importance of visual, auditory, and linguistic information in influencing how adult learners generalize newly acquired verbs to novel contexts? In our study, participants learned two novel verbs associated with distinct auditory, visual, and linguistic cues. Then they labeled unfamiliar events in which each cue was either presented in isolation or placed in conflict with other cues. Participants’ production of the verb associated with each cue when in conflict with other cues was assessed relative to their baseline tendency to produce the verb associated with each cue presented in isolation. Findings show that visual cues dominate over linguistic and auditory cues in influencing participants’ verb extension patterns. In contrast, participants are rarely influenced by auditory or linguistic cues when they are placed in conflict with the other cue types. Our findings suggest that any account of word learning needs to factor in the dynamics of how multimodal cues interact to drive attention during word extension.
Using Experimental Economics to Measure the Role of Parental Generosity and Food Control in Childhood Obesity

This research uses experimental economics to measure the effect of parental generosity and child response on childhood overweight and obesity. The 'Carrot-Stick' experiment, an adaptation of the standard dictator game in which the respondent (the child) can punish or reward the dictator (the parent) based on the dictator's generosity, served as basis of our examination. Two treatments are conducted, in which the child spends his or her earnings on non-food and food items. Our empirical analysis shows significant relationships between parental weight and their level of generosity regarding food items. We conclude that child response behavior, obesigenic factors in the household, and the child's tendency toward being overweight and obese are significantly related.
Remembering and Researching the Old and the New: An Interview with Roddy Roediger

Dr. Henry L. (Roddy) Roediger is the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor in the Psychology Department at Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL) and a scholar of human memory. He graduated from Washington & Lee University in 1969 and received his PhD in psychology from Yale University. He served as chair of the Psychology Department at WUSTL from 1996 to 2004, when he was named dean of academic planning in Arts and Sciences. Roediger's research interests include such topics as how people can suffer memory illusions and false memories (remembering events differently from the way they happened or remembering events that never happened at all); implicit memory (when past events affect ongoing behavior without one's awareness); and, most recently, applying cognitive psychology to improving learning in educational situations. One primary current interest is why the process of retrieval serves as a powerful memory enhancer. David G. Elmes is professor emeritus of psychology at Washington & Lee University, where he taught for 40 years. He earned undergraduate and graduate degrees from the University of Virginia. Elmes was a research associate at the Human Performance Center of the University of Michigan, and he was a Visiting Fellow of University College at the University of Oxford. He has coauthored or edited four books that focus on research methods and has numerous publications on learning, memory, and olfaction. Elmes served as president of the Council on Undergraduate Research. He is a fellow of the Association for Psychological Science and the Virginia Academy of Science.
Absolute configuration of (+)-(S)-2-(5-fluoro-2-methoxy-1,4-benzodioxan-2-yl)imidazolinium bromide.

The title compound, C(12)H(14)FN(2)O(3)(+). Br(-), crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric P2(1)2(1)2(1) space group. The absolute configuration of the pharmacologically active molecule could be resolved in the hydrobromide salt, the structure of which is reported. The molecule of the title compound has the S configuration. The molecular packing in the crystal is stabilized by weak N-H.Br [N.Br = 3.240 (4) and 3.302 (4) A] hydrogen bonding.
Age-related changes in the neural and cognitive processes relating to memory retrieval under conditions of full and divided attention.

I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. Abstract We examined the neural and cognitive processes engaged during auditory verbal recognition performance under full attention (FA) and divided attention (DA) conditions in younger and older adults. Recognition was disrupted by a word (DA-word), but not digit-based (DA-digit) distracting task, performed concurrently with retrieval. In Study 1, a multivariate functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis technique, Partial Least Squares (PLS) was used to identify distributed patterns of brain activity most related to the different conditions and behaviours. We found that similar retrieval networks were recruited during the FA and DA-digit, but not DA-word, condition in both age groups, mirroring behavioural performance. There was, however, an age-related change in the brain regions that predicted successful memory performance. In addition, we found that a neural network relating to hippocampal activity predicted memory success during the FA and DA-digit, but not DA-word, condition in younger, but not older, adults. In study 2, we used a Remember-Know paradigm to examine how manipulations of DA affect recollective and familiarity-based retrieval processes. Younger and older adults showed an increase in false Remember responses during both DA conditions and decreased accuracy in Know responses only during the word-based DA condition. In addition, aging was associated with decreased accuracy in Remember, but not Know, responses, in both DA conditions. In a follow-up experiment, we showed that these results cannot be accounted for by differences in difficulty level of the chosen distracting tasks. Results suggest that recollective processes rely on attentional resources during retrieval. Together these studies show that declines in available attentional resources, common with advancing age, affect both the neural networks used during retrieval, and the qualitative nature of the memories that are retrieved. Results also suggest that familiarity processes rely on the reactivation of content-specific representations, mediated by a neural network relating to hippocampal activity in younger, but not older, adults. iv Acknowledgements
Affective Influences of Selective Attention

Processes of selective attention and emotion operate together in prioritizing thoughts and actions. Abundant evidence suggests that emotionally salient stimuli and affective states can determine how visual attention is allocated. However, the brain regions mediating the effects of attention and emotion include shared and reciprocally connected structures. This raises an intriguing question about a reciprocal effect: Does attention also influence emotional responses? Here we review a series of studies that show that indeed it does. The results indicate that attention has a negative affective impact for otherwise neutral visual stimuli (abstract patterns and unfamiliar faces) that must be ignored or otherwise inhibited during the performance of a task. Finding that selective attention has distinct affective consequences for visual stimuli represents a new, fundamental discovery about the relation between the two main systems of prioritization in the human brain.
Rad53 Phosphorylation Site Clusters Are Important for Rad53 Regulation and Signaling

ABSTRACT Budding yeast Rad53 is an essential protein kinase that is phosphorylated and activated in a MEC1- and TEL1-dependent manner in response to DNA damage. We studied the role of Rad53 phosphorylation through mutation of consensus phosphorylation sites for upstream kinases Mec1 and Tel1. Alanine substitution of the Rad53 amino-terminal TQ cluster region reduced viability and impaired checkpoint functions. These substitution mutations spared the basal interaction with Asf1 and the DNA damage-induced interactions with Rad9. However, they caused a decrease in DNA damage-induced Rad53 kinase activity and an impaired interaction with the protein kinase Dun1. The Dun1 FHA (Forkhead-associated) domain recognized the amino-terminal TQ cluster of Rad53 after DNA damage or replication blockade. Thus, the phosphorylation of Rad53 by upstream kinases is important not only for Rad53 activation but also for creation of an interface between Rad53 and Dun1.
Predicting the Ability of Marine Mammal Populations to Compensate for Behavioral Disturbances

Abstract : This project has aimed to develop predictive, analytical tools to help determine the ability of marine mammal populations to respond to behavioral disturbances. These tools are to be generic and applicable in a wide range of conditions, including scenarios where data might be limited. Building on recent advances in the field of behavioral ecology, we have focussed on defining the state resilience of behavioral strategies by considering the transient dynamics of these behavioral strategies, using systems of linear equations. The aim has been to provide a framework that allows an assessment of how probable it is that disturbance events lead to population scale consequences.
Les services scolaires et sociaux offerts aux élèves du primaire présentant des troubles de comportement

Cet article porte sur les caracteristiques comportementales et familiales qui distinguent les eleves recevant, a l’ecole primaire, des services complementaires pour troubles de comportement (N=177) de ceux qui recoivent, en plus, des services des Centres jeunesse (N=60). L’etude compare aussi l’intensite des services scolaires recus sur une periode de 24 mois et decrit l’evolution des deux groupes en lien avec ces services. Les resultats montrent plusieurs differences entre les groupes sur les caracteristiques comportementales, familiales et sur l’intensite des services offerts. Toutefois, l’intensite des services recus par les eleves n’est pas associee a l’evolution des troubles de comportement. Ces resultats sont discutes en termes de suffisance et de pertinence des services offerts.
Hydrogen sulfide inhibits the spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractility of human pregnant myometrium

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a novel endogenous gaseous signaling transmitter in mammalian tissues including smooth muscle tissues. We investigated the effect of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), a H2S donor, on the contractility of isolated human myometrium strips from term pregnant women who were undergoing labor. Cumulative effects of NaHS on spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractility were evaluated by using isometric tension recordings. NaHS (0.1 μM–1 mM) concentration dependently inhibited spontaneous contractility of laboring myometrium, with a decrease in amplitude and frequency. NaHS (0.1 μM–1 mM) decreased the frequency but not the amplitude of oxytocin (1 μM)-induced contractions. NaHS-induced relaxation could be prevented by pretreatment with glibenclamide, an inhibitor of K+ATP channels. Thus, NaHS evokes relaxation of human pregnant myometrium, suggesting a possible role of H2S during human pregnancy.
Fluoxetine en cognitieve gedragstherapie bij dwangstoornissen

Aan de hand van negen gevalsbeschrijvingen wordt het therapieverloop van een drie-fasebehandeling met follow-up besproken van patienten met een obsessieve compulsieve stoornis. In de eerste fase werden patienten gedurende twaalf weken ingesteld op 60 mg fluoxetine. In de tweede fase werd gedurende twaalf weken cognitieve gedragstherapie (cgt) aan de fluoxetine toegevoegd. In de laatste fase werd de behandeling met fluoxetine gestaakt terwijl de cgt voortgezet werd. De doelstelling van dit onderzoek was vast te stellen of cgt terugval bij behandeling met fluoxetine voorkomt. Zeven patienten verbeterden duidelijk op de Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale door deze behandeling, hoewel vier patienten een terugval bij follow-up, na vijf maanden, vertoonden. De toevoeging van cgt aan de behandeling met fluoxetine heeft in dit onderzoek terugval niet kunnen voorkomen. Verschillende patronen in de verbeteringscurves van de patienten worden nader beschouwd.
Contrary Prescriptions: Recognizing Good Practice Tensions in Management

This paper is concerned with rethinking the notion of ‘good management practice’. It explicates a way of framing management theory in terms of tensions between apparently contradictory pieces of good practice advice. The relevance of this, as a practical conceptualization that could usefully inform managers about the kinds of considerations they might take account of in both their day to day and longer term management thinking, is explored. The emerging theoretical framework is elaborated in terms of some characteristics of, and language about, tensions together with possible levels of use of the concept to inform practice. It is suggested that the use of the approach necessarily implies a view of the user as a reflective practitioner.
Playful Identities, or the Ludification of Culture

One of the main aims of game studies is to investigate to what extent and in what ways computer games are currently transforming the understanding of and the actual construction of personal and cultural identities. Computer games and other digital technologies such as mobile phones and the Internet seem to stimulate playful goals and to facilitate the construction of playful identities. This transformation advances the ludification of today's culture in the spirit of Johan Huizinga's homo ludens.
Estratégias de leitura e compreensão textual em universitários

In this study we explore the reading and understanding of texts by university students. We used the metacognitive reading strategies considering students’ age. We work with one hundred and ten students from Psychology course at a private University located in the State of Sao Paulo. We apply reading metacognitive strategy scale and a text containing 250 words prepared according to Cloze technique, which is characterized by omitting every fifth word. The work was developed with the students who accepted to take part in the investigation. The data were submitted to inferential statistics and revealed the relation existing between the punctuation of reading metacognitive strategies scale and the Cloze’s scores. It was also possible to evidence the differences in the university students’ reading comprehension according to their ages.
Media exposure, body dissatisfaction and disordered eating: television and magazines are not the same!

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between media exposure and body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in a more finely grained way than in previous studies. Method: A sample of 104 female undergraduate students completed measures of both magazine and television exposure, as well as measures of body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, awareness and internalization of societal ideals. Results: While both media exposure variables were correlated with body dissatisfaction, the pattern of correlations was very different with the other variables. In particular, the amount of magazine reading, but not television watching, was positively correlated with internalization of thin ideals. On the other hand, time spent watching television was negatively correlated with awareness of sociocultural ideals and self-esteem. Discussion: It was concluded that the processes through which television and magazines impact on body dissatisfaction are different. The relationship between magazine exposure and body dissatisfaction is mediated by internalization of thin ideals, which is not the case for television exposure. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Stepping into Active Leisure? Young Women's Perceptions of Active Lifestyles and their Experiences of School Physical Education

This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study which aimed to explore young women's perceptions of and attitudes towards involvement in physical activity and physical education (PE). Drawing on group and individual qualitative interviews with 21 15-year-old young women, it explores the nature, purpose and experiences of their physical activity involvement, both in and out of school. It examines how, in both settings, young women make conscious choices about their physical activity involvement. The data showed that although there were qualitative differences between the individual choices of different girls, many of these were made within a negotiation of gender relations. Contrary to much of the recent concern about girls' 'dropout' from physical activity and a perceived disinterest of young women in physical activity and sport, the young women in this study were involved in a range of physical activities outside of school and defined themselves as active. They also appeared to be positively influenced by contemporary discourses about the health benefits of exercise. This was in contrast to their perceptions of how they were defined within and through PE.
Explorer Diversity : A Design Goal for Heterogeneous Processors

A growing number of processors have CPU cores that implement the same instruction set architecture (ISA) using different microarchitectures. The underlying motivation for single-ISA heterogeneity is that a diverse set of cores can enable runtime flexibility. Modern processors are subject to strict power budgets, and heterogeneity provides the runtime scheduler with more latitude to decide the level of performance a program should have based on the amount of power that can be spent. We argue that selecting a diverse set of heterogeneous cores to enable flexible operation at runtime is a non-trivial problem due to diversity in program behavior. We further show that common evaluation methods lead to false conclusions about diversity. Finally, we suggest the KS statistical test as an evaluation metric. The KS test is the first step toward a heterogeneous design methodology that optimizes for runtime flexibility.
Mercapturic Acids Derived from the Toxicants Acrolein and Crotonaldehyde in the Urine of Cigarette Smokers from Five Ethnic Groups with Differing Risks for Lung Cancer

The Multiethnic Cohort epidemiology study has clearly demonstrated that, compared to Whites and for the same number of cigarettes smoked, African Americans and Native Hawaiians have a higher risk for lung cancer whereas Latinos and Japanese Americans have a lower risk. Acrolein and crotonaldehyde are two important constituents of cigarette smoke which have well documented toxic effects and could play a role in lung cancer etiology. Their urinary metabolites 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid (3-HPMA) and 3-hydroxy-1-methylpropylmercapturic acid (HMPMA), respectively, are validated biomarkers of acrolein and crotonaldehyde exposure. We quantified levels of 3-HPMA and HMPMA in the urine of more than 2200 smokers from these five ethnic groups, and also carried out a genome wide association study using blood samples from these subjects. After adjusting for age, sex, creatinine, and total nicotine equivalents, geometric mean levels of 3-HPMA and HMPMA were significantly different in the five groups (P<0.0001). Native Hawaiians had the highest and Latinos the lowest geometric mean levels of both 3-HPMA and HMPMA. Levels of 3-HPMA and HMPMA were 3787 and 2759 pmol/ml urine, respectively, in Native Hawaiians and 1720 and 2210 pmol/ml urine in Latinos. These results suggest that acrolein and crotonaldehyde may be involved in lung cancer etiology, and that their divergent levels may partially explain the differing risks of Native Hawaiian and Latino smokers. No strong signals were associated with 3-HPMA in the genome wide association study, suggesting that formation of the glutathione conjugate of acrolein is mainly non-enzymatic, while the top significant association with HMPMA was located on chromosome 12 near the TBX3 gene, but its relationship to HMPMA excretion is not clear.
Replication of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNAs supported by the HPV type 18 E1 and E2 proteins

Transient replication of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 18 DNA was shown to require the viral E1 and E2 proteins. A 108-bp sequence within the long control region (nucleotides 12 to 119) was sufficient to function as the origin, but maximal replication required a region of 177 bp from positions 7800 to 7857 and 1 to 119 of HPV-18. The E1 and E2 proteins of HPV-18 also supported transient replication of plasmids containing the origins of HPV-1a and bovine papillomavirus type 1 to low levels. Interestingly, the level of replication observed with the HPV-6b origin was higher than that obtained with the homologous HPV-18 origin.
Systematic investigation of the expected gravitational wave signal from supermassive black hole binaries in the pulsar timing band

In this letter we carry out the first systematic investigatio n of the expected gravitational wave (GW) background generated by supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries in the nHz frequency band accessible to pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). We take from the literature several estimates of the redshift dependent galaxy mass function and of the fraction of close galaxy pairs to derive a wide range of galaxy merger rates. We then exploit empirical black holehost relations to populate merging galaxies with SMBHs. The result of our procedure is a collection of a large number of phenomenological SMBH binary merger rates consistent with current observational constraints on the galaxy assembly at z < 1.5. For each merger rate we compute the associated GW signal, eventually producing a large set of estimates of the nHz GW background that we use to infer confidence intervals of its expected amplitude. When considering the most recent SMBH-host relations, accounting for ultra-massive black holes in brightest cluster galaxies, we find that the nominal 1σ interval of the expected GW signal is only a factor of 3-to-10 below current PTA limits, implying a non negligible chance of detection in the next few years.
Perceptual Learning in the Acquisition of Flight Skills.

Abstract : Many skills transfer effects observed in flight training research may be explained by an appeal to invariant perceptual properties of the task environment. If training in a simulator serves to enhance sensitivity to perceptual properties that are critical to flight performance, a high level of transfer will result. The theory forwarded here assumes that a relatively low-dimensional set of properties supports flight control. It is those properties that need not be represented accurately, or even at all. One implication of the approach outlined here is that the unquestioning pursuit of high fidelity is, in large part, wasted effort. (AN)
A pattern recognition approach to make accessible the geographic images for blind and visually impaired

In this paper, we propose an intelligent detection and recognition of the different geographic forms and the text presented in geographic images. The aim is to automate the process of converting these images into information that could be easily understandable by the visually impaired. The presented work includes the proposition of various appropriate pattern recognition techniques. A new method of detecting text in images is proposed. It is based on Curvelet and Stroke Width transforms. Moreover, a fuzzy segmentation step is performed in order to identify and extract the different geographic areas in the image; an automatic recognition algorithm of geometric symbols is also presented. The obtained results are very encouraging and promising.