Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Updating test-day milk yield factors for use in genetic evaluations and dairy production systems: a comprehensive review

Various methods have been proposed to estimate daily yield from partial yields, primarily to deal with unequal milking intervals. This paper offers an exhaustive review of daily milk yields, the foundation of lactation records. Seminal advancements in the late 20th century concentrated on two main adjustment metrics: additive additive correction factors (ACF) and multiplicative correction factors (MCF). An ACF model provides additive adjustments to two times AM or PM milk yield, which then becomes the estimated daily yields, whereas an MCF is a ratio of daily yield to the yield from a single milking. Recent studies highlight the potential of alternative approaches, such as exponential regression and other nonlinear models. Biologically, milk secretion rates are not linear throughout the entire milking interval, influenced by the internal mammary gland pressure. Consequently, nonlinear models are appealing for estimating daily milk yields as well. MCFs and ACFs are typically determined for discrete milking interval classes. Nonetheless, large discrete intervals can introduce systematic biases. A universal solution for deriving continuous correction factors has been proposed, ensuring reduced bias and enhanced daily milk yield estimation accuracy. When leveraging test-day milk yields for genetic evaluations in dairy cattle, two predominant statistical models are employed: lactation and test-day yield models. A lactation model capitalizes on the high heritability of total lactation yields, aligning closely with dairy producers’ needs because the total amount of milk production in a lactation directly determines farm revenue. However, a lactation yield model without harnessing all test-day records may ignore vital data about the shapes of lactation curves needed for informed breeding decisions. In contrast, a test-day model emphasizes individual test-day data, accommodating various intervals and recording plans and allowing the estimation of environmental effects on specific test days. In the United States, the patenting of test-day models in 1993 used to restrict the use of test-day models to regional and unofficial evaluations by the patent holders. Estimated test-day milk yields have been used as if they were accurate depictions of actual milk yields, neglecting possible estimation errors. Its potential consequences on subsequent genetic evaluations have not been sufficiently addressed. Moving forward, there are still numerous questions and challenges in this domain.
Effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions targeted at adolescents with suicidal behaviors: an integrative literature review

Background: The prevention of recurrent suicidal behaviors in adolescents is crucial given their size and repetitive nature, and the increased risk of death by suicide. Objectives: To identify the current and available scientific evidence on the psychotherapeutic interventions targeted at adolescents with suicidal behaviors and to assess the effectiveness of these interventions at the level of suicidal ideation, depression, and repetition of suicidal behavior. Methodology: Integrative literature review, through research in online bibliographic databases, with the selected search descriptors, during the publication period from January 2007 to December 2016, in English, with available references and full-text articles. Results: Of a total of 1,847 papers found we included 10 studies on adolescents with suicidal behavior, targets of psychotherapeutic intervention, with positive results in cognitive-behavioral intervention with psychoeducation for adolescents and their families, community intervention, dialectical-behavioral therapy, and mentalization-based therapy at the level of the defined outcomes. Conclusion: We identified psychotherapeutic interventions with effectiveness, but the heterogeneity of the studies requires thoughtful analysis and comparison of evaluated samples, methodologies, and interventions.
A Faster Half Subtractor Circuit Using Reversible Quantum Gates

Quantum computers base their operations on optimized circuit designs. These quantum circuits, unlike classic circuits, follow the set of rules determined by quantum mechanics. Currently, one of the main problems to solve in Quantum Computation is Shor’s algorithm, which consists in factoring large numbers. It is based on arithmetic operations, therefore to optimize such operations is hence relevant. In this work, a novel half subtractor circuit is presented; it is referred to as FGE ∗ and it has demonstrated to be a 25 % faster than the state-of-the-arts reversible circuits. It is based on reversible quantum gates and it does not have any garbage output. Moreover, a robust metric is considered for comparing, in terms of resources and speed, the proposed circuit with other circuits in the literature.
The Diurnal Cycle of Tropical Cloudiness and Rainfall Associated with the Madden–Julian Oscillation

AbstractThis study examines the diurnal cycle of rainfall and cloudiness associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) using TRMM rainfall rate and ISCCP multilevel cloud fraction data. There are statistically significant differences in diurnal cycle amplitude and phase between suppressed and enhanced envelopes of MJO convection. The amplitude of the diurnal rainfall rate and middle–deep cloudiness increases within enhanced MJO convection, especially over the ocean. However, the differences in diurnal cycle amplitude between enhanced and suppressed MJO are generally smaller than the differences in daily mean values, so that its relative contribution to total rainfall or cloudiness variance within enhanced MJO convection becomes smaller. Near the coastlines of islands within the Maritime Continent, the diurnal cycle amplitude tends to increase 5–10 days prior to the arrival of the peak enhanced MJO convection, but this relationship is weaker over the interior areas of larger islands where the climato.
Contemporary Youth Activism

A cutting-edge study showcases the emergence of contemporary youth activism in the United States, its benefits to young people, its role in strengthening society, and its powerful social justice implications. At a time when youth are too often dismissed as either empowered consumers or disempowered deviants, it is vital to understand how these young people are pushing back, challenging such constructions, and advancing new possibilities for their institutions and themselves. This book examines the latest developments in the field of contemporary youth activism (CYA) and documents the myriad ways in which youth activists are effecting social change, even as they experience personal change. By taking public, political action on a range of intersecting issues, youth activists are shifting their own developmental pathways, shaping public policy, and shaking up traditional paradigms. Section one of the book offers a historical perspective on youth activism in the United States, followed by a discussion of contemporary examples of CYA for social justice. The second and third sections analyze the individual, institutional, and ideological effects of CYA, arguing that youth activism works to promote change at three levels: self, systems, and in the broader society. Readers will come away with a clearer understanding of the many ways in which today's youth activists are working to reimagine and remake American democracy, reawakening the promise of a multi-issue, progressive movement for social justice.
A study on the excavation cycle by the drill-and-blast method for a room-and-pillar underground structure

: Since a room-and-pillar underground structure is characterized by its grid-type array of room and pillar, its economical efficiency can be governed by excavation sequence. In this study, the construction period by the drill-and-blast method as a excavation method for a room-and-pillar underground structure was examined. In addition, the parallel excavation sequence was considered as the main sequence of a room-and-pillar underground structure. Sequences of mucking and support installation were derived to estimate the total excavation cycle by taking the case of a road tunnel into consideration. From the excavation cycle of room-and-pillar underground structure, the relationship between available maximum and minimum numbers of jumbo drill machines depending on the number of faces in operation was suggested.
An on‐site alert level early warning system for Italy

An earthquake early warning (EEW) system is a real‐time seismic monitoring infrastructure that has the capability to provide warnings to target cities before the arrival of the strongest shaking waves. In order to provide a rapid alert when targets are very close to the epicenter of the events, we developed an on‐site EEW approach and evaluated its performance at the Italian national scale. The system is a P wave‐based method that measures in real time two parameters: the initial peak displacement (Pd) and the average period (τc). As output, the system provides the predicted ground‐shaking intensity at the monitored site, the alert level, and a qualitative classification of both earthquake magnitude and source‐to‐receiver distance. We applied the on‐site EEW methodology to a data set of Italian earthquakes, with magnitude ranging from 3.8 to 6, and evaluated the performance of the system in terms of correct warning and lead times (i.e., time available for security actions at the target). The results of this retrospective analysis show that for the large majority of the analyzed cases, the method is able to deliver a correct warning shortly after the P wave detection, with more than 80% of successful intensity predictions at the target site. The lead times increase with distance, with a value of 8–10 s at 50 km and 15–18 s at 100 km.
Factors Associated With The Nasal Carriage Rate of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the Molecular Detection of the mecA Gene Among Athletes

the prevalence and associated risk factors with MRSA and molecular detection of mec A gene among athletes. This study was conducted in Zakho City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, nasal swabs were collected from 510 participants among various types of athletes following the completion of a questionnaire. Traditional bacteriological methods were used for the isolation of MRSA Staphylococcus aureus and oxacillin susceptibility test was performed as a preliminary step in MRSA identification. Then MRSA isolates were further analysed by PCR in order to detect the mec A gene. Out of 510 participating athletes, MRSA nasal carriage rate was 8.04% (41/510). The highest rate of infection was observed among football (10.71%) followed by gym (9.39%), but there was no significant difference between the various types of sports with MRSA (p=0.41). There was a significant relationship between gender and type of athletes (p=0.018). Nasal colonization of MRSA was significantly influenced by body mass index (p=0.006), previous use of antibiotics (p=0.02), previous surgical operation (p=0.002), duration of training/ day (p=0.025) and number of training sessions/week (p=0.047). me cA gene was then confirmed in 38/40 (95%) MRSA isolates. The MRSA infection rate in our study was higher compared to other studies conducted elsewhere and was significantly higher among male athletes; this was associated with personal hygiene and inappropriate use of antibiotics. More studies were recommended on molecular analysis of virulent genes associated with MRSA in athletes.
Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of customised 3D-printed bone scaffolds with different architectures

Through the recent years, tissue engineering has been proven as a solid substitute of autografts in the stimulation of bone tissue regeneration, through the development of three dimensional (3D) porous matrices, commonly known as scaffolds. In this work, we analysed two scaffold structures with 500μm pore size, by performing computational fluid dynamics simulations, to compare permeability, Wall Shear Stress (WSS), velocity and pressure distributions. Taking into account those parameters the geometry named as "PCL-50" was the best to anticipate showing a superior performance in supporting cell growth due to the improved flow characteristics in the scaffold.Clinical Relevance— Bone defects that require invasive surgical treatment with high risks in terms of success and effectiveness. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) in combination with the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis tools aim to assist in designing optimal scaffolds that better promote bone growth and repair. The fluid dynamic characteristics of a porous scaffold plays a vital role in cell viability and cell growth, affecting the osteogenic performance of the scaffold.
The High Fertility of College Educated Women in Norway: An Artefact of the 'Piecemeal Approach'

College education has a positive impact on birth rates, net of age and duration since previous birth, according to models estimated separately for second and third births. There are also indications of such effects on first-birth rates, in the upper 20s and 30s. Whereas a high fertility among the bettereducated perhaps could be explained by socioeconomic or ideational factors, it might just as well be a result of selection. When all three parity transitions are modelled jointly, with a common unobserved factor included, negative effects of educational level appear. On the whole, the effects are less clearly negative for women born in the 1950s than for those born in the 1940s or late 1930s. The cohorts from the 1950s show educational differentials in completed fertility that are quite small and to a large extent stem from a higher proportion of childlessness among the better-educated. Second-birth progression ratios are just as high for the college educated as for women with only compulsory education, and the third-birth progression ratios differ very little. This reflects weakly negative net effects of education after first birth and spill-over effects from the higher age at first birth, counterbalanced by differential selectivity of earlier parity transitions. (201 words)
Total Transfer Capacity Evaluation of HVDC Tie-Lines Considering Frequency Security Constraints

The high proportion of renewable energy access and the construction of HVDC transmission projects have led to a continuous decrease in the penetration rate of asynchronous power sources in the power system. Maintaining frequency stability and safe operation of the power system is a key issue that needs to be urgently addressed in the power grid. This article takes into account the participation of multiple types of power resources in inertia support and frequency modulation response and it also constructs an evaluation model for the total HVDC transfer capacity of the power grid. In response to the uncertainty of wind power and load power, scenario reduction methods are adopted to enhance the HVDC total transfer capacity of the power grid under frequency safety and stability constraints by the daily output of each power source. The simulation results indicate that the scheduling scheme evaluated by the proposed model has a higher frequency security level compared to traditional models.
A plasma peptidomic signature reveals extracellular matrix remodeling and predicts prognosis in alcohol-related hepatitis

Alcohol-related hepatitis (AH) is plagued with high mortality and difficulty in identifying at-risk patients. The extracellular matrix undergoes significant remodeling during inflammatory liver injury that can be detected in biological fluids and potentially used for mortality prediction. EDTA plasma samples were collected from AH patients (n= 62); Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score defined AH severity as moderate (12-20; n=28) and severe (>20; n=34). The peptidome data was collected by high resolution, high mass accuracy UPLC-MS. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified differentially abundant peptides, which were used for Gene Ontology, parent protein matrisomal composition and protease involvement. Machine learning methods were used on patient-specific peptidome and clinical data to develop mortality predictors. Analysis of plasma peptides from AH patients and healthy controls identified over 1,600 significant peptide features corresponding to 130 proteins. These were enriched for ECM fragments in AH samples, likely related to turnover of hepatic-derived proteins. Analysis of moderate versus severe AH peptidomes showed a shift in abundance of peptides from collagen 1A1 and fibrinogen A proteins. The dominant proteases for the AH peptidome spectrum appear to be CAPN1 and MMP12. Increase in hepatic expression of these proteases was orthogonally-validated in RNA-seq data of livers from AH patients. Causal graphical modeling identified four peptides directly linked to 90-day mortality in >90% of the learned graphs. These peptides improved the accuracy of mortality prediction over MELD score and were used to create a clinically applicable mortality prediction assay. A signature based on plasma peptidome is a novel, non-invasive method for prognosis stratification in AH patients. Our results could also lead to new mechanistic and/or surrogate biomarkers to identify new AH mechanisms.
Selection bias in reporting of median waiting times in organ transplantation

Median waiting times published by transplant organizations around the world may be biased when death or censoring is disregarded. This leads to too optimistic waiting times, particularly in kidney transplantation, and as a consequence can deceive patients on the waiting list, transplant physicians, and healthcare policy maker. Competing risk multistate models are suited for the analysis of time-to-event data of the organ waiting list. Resulting cumulative incidences are probabilities for transplantation or death by a given time, and are a more accurate description of the events occurring on the waiting list. In accordance with the concept of median survival time in survival analysis in clinical trials, we suggest the median time to transplantation (MTT), the waiting time duration at which the transplant probability is 0.50, as a measure of average waiting time.
Case–Cohort Study of the Association between PFAS and Selected Cancers among Participants in the American Cancer Society’s Cancer Prevention Study II LifeLink Cohort

Background: Previous epidemiological studies found associations between exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and some cancer types. Many studies considered highly exposed populations, so relevance to less-exposed populations can be uncertain. Additionally, many studies considered only cancer site, not histology. Objectives: We conducted a case–cohort study within the American Cancer Society’s prospective Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II) LifeLink cohort to examine associations between PFAS exposure and risk of selected cancers, considering histologic subtypes. Methods: Serum specimens were collected from cohort participants during the period 1998–2001. This study included a subcohort (500 men, 499 women) randomly selected from participants without prior cancer diagnoses at serum collection, and all participants with incident (after serum collection) first cancers of the breast (females only, n=786), bladder (n=401), kidney (n=158), pancreas (n=172), prostate (males only, n=1,610) or hematologic system (n=635). PFAS concentrations [perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)] were measured in stored serum. We assessed associations between PFAS concentrations and incident cancers, by site and histologic subtype, using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models stratified by sex and controlling for age and year at blood draw, education, race/ethnicity, smoking, and alcohol use. Results: Serum PFOA concentrations were positively associated with renal cell carcinoma of the kidney among women [hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) per PFOA doubling: 1.54 (95% CI: 1.05, 2.26)] but not men. Among men, we observed a positive association between PFHxS concentrations and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma [CLL/SLL, HR and 95% CI per PFHxS doubling: 1.34 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.75)]. We observed some heterogeneity of associations by histologic subtype within sites. Discussion: This study supports the previously observed association between PFOA and renal cell carcinoma among women and suggests an association between PFHxS and CLL/SLL among men. Consideration of histologic subtypes might be important in future studies of PFAS-cancer associations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13174
Improving the size selectivity and exploitation pattern of cocktail shrimp (Trachypenaeus curvirostris) in shrimp trawl fishery of the South China Sea

In order to improve the size selectivity and exploitation pattern for cocktail shrimp (Trachypenaeus curvirostris) in shrimp trawl fishery of the South China Sea (SCS), selective properties of four codends were tested and compared. These experimental codends involved two mesh sizes, 30 and 35 mm, and two mesh shapes, diamond-mesh (T0) and diamond-mesh turned by 90 degree (T90), respectively. Our results demonstrated that increasing the mesh sizes in T0 codends or/and applying T90 codends would improve the selective properties for cocktail shrimp in the SCS. By comparing selectivity parameters, delta selectivity and exploitation pattern indicators, the T90 codend with 35-mm mesh size (T90_35) presented the best selective properties for cocktail shrimp in the studied areas. It will be a potential choice to substitute the currently legal codend in fisheries management to mitigate the bycatch of undersized cocktail shrimp in shrimp trawl fisheries of the SCS.
Research on safety supervision and management system of China railway based on association rule and DEMATEL

Safety management is a key issue in the railroad industry that needs to be continuously focused on. And it is essential to study causes of accidents for preventing accidents. However, there is a limited academic discussion on the systematic study of organizations and accidents, as well as their safety-related interactions and accidents, as opposed to human-caused disasters. Thus, the model of China’s railway safety supervision and management system by sorting out the existing organizations involved in management in China is established in this paper. Firstly, social forces and auxiliary enterprises are specifically added to the model. And then, the relationship between organizations and accidents, as well as the relationship between safety interactions among organizations and accidents are explored by analyzing 224 accident reports, which led to 4 principles for accident prevention. Finally, based on these principles, measures to secure organizational nodes, as well as measures to promote safe interactions among organizations are proposed. The results showed that: (1) China Railway node is not only the most critical node in the safety supervision and management system but also the most vulnerable to the influence of other nodes. (2) The accident occurred due to the simultaneous occurrence of an accident at the China Railway node and the social force node. (3) When there are often safety risks in auxiliary enterprises and social forces simultaneously, the government’s management is likely to be defective. The findings in this study can provide helpful references not only for improvement of safety management system structure and supervision and management mechanism but also for the formulation of safety supervision and management policies in China and other countries.