Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Task set based Adaptive Round Robin (TARR) scheduling algorithm for improving performance

CPU scheduling is one of the key concepts of any operating system for optimum use of resources. Round Robin scheduling is one of the efficient techniques but has a limitation that time quantum is static and must be taken fairly. Several works have been proposed to make it dynamic one for increasing the efficiency by decreasing the average waiting time, average turnaround time and context switching. The advantage of Round Robin and Dynamic Round Robin is that both are starvation free. The proposed Task set based Adaptive Round Robin (TARR) improves the performance of system in terms of average waiting time, average turnaround time and context switching. This method does not focus on entire ready queue but only a particular task set that is applicable for processing at an instance. Based on the available processes which are less than or equal to the arrival time at a particular instance, this method selects the time quantum from the task set and executes only that task set. The result obtained by the experimental setup clearly indicated that TARR gives improvement in the system performance.
Cross-design Synthesis: A New Form of Meta-analysis for Combining Results from Randomized Clinical Trials and Medical-practice Databases

Abstract Cross-design synthesis is a new (and still evolving) strategy for providing quantitative results that capture the strengths and minimize the weaknesses of different kinds of research. The strategy, which is being developed to answer questions about the effects of treatment in medical practice, includes (a) identifying complementary research designs and studies conducted according to those designs; (b) completing an in-depth assessment of each study with respect to the chief potential bias(es) that are associated with its design; (c) making “secondary adjustments” of study results to correct known biases; and (d) developing synthesis frameworks and models that will minimize the impact of hidden biases.
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience Aging Neuroscience Review Article Learning-related Postburst Ahp Alterations

In pyramidal neurons, the postburst AHP is evoked by a burst of action potentials and is defi ned by its three phases: fast, medium and slow. As there are many excellent in depth reviews regarding the postburst AHP (e., we will focus on the learning and the aging-related alterations for each of the phases in this review. The fAHP, which lasts 2–5 ms, is a signifi cant part of the repolari-zation process following an action potential in neurons (Storm, 1987). In hippocampal pyramidal neurons, the fAHP measured at the soma is mainly a voltage and calcium-dependent potassium current, I C , mediated by BK channels (Poolos and Johnston, 1999). Recently, Elizabeth Matthews in our laboratory demonstrated that the BK mediated fAHP is signifi cantly reduced in CA1 pyramidal neurons following successful trace eyeblink conditioning task in young adult (Matthews et al., 2008) and in aging rats (Matthews et al., 2009) (Figure 1B). However, there was no signifi cant age-related difference in the fAHP in these neurons (Matthews et al., 2009) (Figure 1D). The burst of action potentials in pyramidal neurons is followed by the medium and slow postburst afterhyperpolarization. In most pyramidal neurons, the two phases are identifi ed by their sensitivity
Safety of drug treatments for head and neck cancer

ABSTRACT Introduction: The treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and the neck depends on the disease’s stage. In locally-advanced stage disease, multimodal treatment strategies, including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, give the best outcome in terms of overall survival. Those treatments are not without negligeable adverse events, which can lead to late debilitating toxicities. In recurrent/metastatic disease, not amenable to surgery or radiation therapy, palliative chemotherapy is the most appropriate treatment. Areas covered: This review aims to provide an overview of the safety of standard drug regimens used to treat SCCHN in daily practice, including platinum-based chemoradiation, induction chemotherapy, cetuximab and immunotherapy. The toxicities induced by single modality radiotherapy, or those resulting from surgery, are not part of the discussion. Expert opinion: Toxicities observed with multimodal treatment of SCCHN are the highest we can tolerate in terms of treatment-related mortality, morbidity and late consequences. Patients at high risk of developing such complications should be identified upfront for optimal prevention and management. There is a medical need to identify less toxic regimens without compromising the treatment efficacy, especially for patients with Human Papilloma Virus-induced oropharyngeal cancers. Finally, it is crucial in future trials to better standardize the scales used to report treatment related adverse events.
Sex and gender differences in Glaswegian /s/"

This paper presents the results of an acoustic analysis of /s/ as produced by a socially-stratified sample of 31 speakers of Glaswegian. Single spectral and whole spectrum measures together confirm a consistent effect of sex, whilst interactions of age and class in the same measures suggest that acoustic patterns indexical of gender are also present.
Indications for the Occurrence of Nitric Oxide Synthases in Fungi and Plants and the Involvement in Photoconidiation of Neurospora crassa *

Indications for the occurrence of nitric oxide synthases in Dictyostelium, Neurospora, Phycomyces and the leguminous plant Mucuna hassjoo as well as a physiological role of nitric oxide in Neurospora crassa are demonstrated. An exogenous nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprus‐side, inhibited light‐stimulated conidiation in N. crassa. Specific inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase, like the arginine derivatives NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine (L‐NA) and NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine‐methyl ester (L‐NAME), enhanced conidiation in darkness and in the light, whereas the stereo‐isomer D‐NAME was inactive. This communication reports to our knowledge the first time the presence of enzymatic activity of nitric oxide synthase in fungi and a higher plant and an effect of nitric oxide in fungal photophysiology.
Packet dispersion and the quality of voice over IP applications in IP networks

Next generation networks (NGN) and the migration towards IP networks is likely to make the IP technology the main vehicle for earning voice and video calls on modern networks. Packet dispersion is a mechanism by which the packets of a certain session are dispersed over multiple paths, in contrast to the traditional approach by which they follow a single path most of the time. In this work we examine the quality of voice over IP (VoIP) applications and the effects of packet dispersion on it. We focus on the effect of the network loss on the applications, where we propose to use noticeable loss rate (NLR) as a measure correlated with the voice quality. We analyze the NLR for various packet dispersion strategies over paths experiencing memory-less (Bernoulli) or bursty (Gilbert model) losses, and compare them to each other. Our analysis reveals, that in many situations, in particular for most cases where losses are bursty, the use of packet dispersion reduces the NLR and thus improves session quality. The results suggest that the use of packet dispersion can be quite beneficial for these applications.
Querying XML documents with multi-dimensional markup

XML documents annotated by different NLP tools accommodate multi-dimensional markup in a single hierarchy. To query such documents one has to account for different possible nesting structures of the annotations and the original markup of a document. We propose an expressive pattern language with extended semantics of the sequence pattern, supporting negation, permutation and regular patterns that is especially appropriate for querying XML annotated documents with multi-dimensional markup. The concept of fuzzy matching allows matching of sequences that contain textual fragments and known XML elements independently of how concurrent annotations and original markup are merged. We extend the usual notion of sequence as a sequence of siblings allowing matching of sequence elements on the different levels of nesting and abstract so from the hierarchy of the XML document. Extended sequence semantics in combination with other language patterns allows more powerful and expressive queries than queries based on regular patterns.
Is digital inclusion a good thing? How can we make sure it is?

Activities directed at “including” more people in the use of digital technology are predicated on the assumption that such inclusion is invariably a good thing. It appears so, when judged solely by immediate practical convenience. However, if we also judge in terms of human rights, whether digital inclusion is good or bad depends on what kind of digital world we are to be included in. If we wish to work towards digital inclusion as a goal, it behooves us to make sure it is the good kind.
Adolescents Living with HIV: An Indian Profile

Purpose. Although there have been studies on the presence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among the adult and even pediatric population, the adolescent population has been neglected. The main objective of this study was to understand and describe the profile of adolescents accessing the Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre (ICTC) at a tertiary healthcare centre in north India. This was a retrospective analysis of the data collected where, in addition to the analysis of the presence of HIV among the target population, a comparative analysis of HIV-positive and negative individuals was also carried out. Methods. Counselors at the ICTC of All India Institute of Medical Sciences recorded responses of the patients, and pre- and posttest counseling was performed appropriately. Also, HIV testing was performed using rapid tests (EIA) and ELISA. Both pre- and posttest counseling was performed for most of the patients. Also, the data collected from 2005 to May, 2011 was then retrospectively analyzed using various statistical tests, such as, Chi-square test and odds ratios. Results. Out of 979, 84 tested HIV positive. Discrimination at multiple levels was observed.The 10–14 years age group was 0.56 times more likely to be HIV positive than 15–19 year old. HIV serostatus was strongly associated with risk behavior (P = 0.003) with heterosexual transmission being the most common. Conclusion. These findings highlight the profile of adolescents in India and their equation with HIV on demographic and psychosocial levels.
Parenting satisfaction and parenting self-efficacy during the postpartum period: evaluation of an internet-based intervention

Title. Development of an internet-based intervention for parents of infants. Aim. This paper reports on a study to describe the development of an internet-based intervention for parents with infants and to compare the participants and hospitals at baseline. Background. There is a need for interventions to support parenting and for more research into the use of information technology as an intervention strategy. The design and development of healthcare interventions is a complex task, but these are rarely discussed in research reports. Methods. A quasi-experimental study was conducted. The data (N = 1300 families) were collected using a structured questionnaire at the hospital or no later than 1 week after discharge during the winter of 2006. The results were used to develop the intervention and to compare the participants at baseline. Statistically significant differences were determined by chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests for percentages and one-way ANOVA for means. The internal consistency relialibility of the scales was analysed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. Findings. Participants in the intervention (n = 469 mothers, n = 307 fathers) and control (n = 394 mothers, n = 218 fathers) hospitals were comparable in respect of parent and infant attributes. There were statistically significant differences between the hospitals in fathers’ overnight stays and their access to social support from professionals on the maternity ward. Exclusive breastfeeding was more common in the intervention hospital. More support for infants’ cues and behaviour, and dayrhythm and sleep were needed in the intervention hospital. Conclusion. More research is needed to gain a clearer understanding of the effect size of the differences for a reliable evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed
Mechanisms of Cross Talk between Gibberellin and Other Hormones 1

It has always been clear that different plant hormones affect overlapping processes, such that the output of plant hormone action depends on specific hormone combinations rather than on the independent activities of each. In the last two decades, numerous components of the signal transduction pathways of various plant hormones have been identified, leading to the elucidation of partial or entire signaling cascades. These findings have provided the tools to begin addressing the mechanisms underlying the cross talk among different hormone signal transduction pathways. Such cross talk involves diverse mechanisms, which act at both the hormone response and biosynthesis levels, creating a delicate response network. In this review, we describe how gibberellin (GA) interacts with other plant hormones, concentrating on its interactions with abscisic acid (ABA), auxin, ethylene, and cytokinin. Although evidence for interactions of GA with brassinosteroids (Bouquin et al., 2001) and jasmonate (Traw and Bergelson, 2003) also exists, we focus on studies addressing the mechanisms governing the cross talk.
Lightweight Topological-Based Map Matching for Indoor Navigation

The variety of indoor architectures challenges for map matching. Unlike outdoor map, indoor pedestrian is even expected to walk on wide corridors, large open areas and irregular shapes of interior spaces. In the overview, most of existing digital maps are for GPS-based navigation systems. GPS does not need a previously estimated position to estimate the current one. But in dead reckoning, the present position is the result of propagating the previous estimated one. This makes most of previous outdoor map matching algorithms cannot be used for pedestrian directly without signification modifications. In this paper, we introduce our lightweight topological-based approach to assist pedestrian dead reckoning algorithm in term of reducing the error of determined position and improving user tracking task. We developed a practical complete, self-contained end-to-end system on a Smartphone. This methodology requires simple computations, hence it runs very fast. We conducted different scenario experiments to demonstrate the usability of our system in indoor environment. The evaluation results showed that the map matching error rate is 4.69% in a 42.6m x 29.6m testing area.
Safety and efficacy of ofatumumab in patients with fludarabine and alemtuzumab refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

There are now many therapeutic CD20 monoclonal antibodies undergoing clinical trials for B-cell malignancy and autoimmune conditions; which is optimal for cancer therapy is not clear. The novel human IgG1 CD20 monoclonal antibody ofatumumab has shown significant activity in difficult to treat patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, namely those resistant or refractory to fludarabine and alemtuzumab and has now been licensed for this uncommon indication. This brief review summarizes the clinical data obtained with ofatumumab in CLL in terms of both efficacy and toxicity.
ESHRE guideline: management of women with endometriosis.

STUDY QUESTION What is the optimal management of women with endometriosis based on the best available evidence in the literature? SUMMARY ANSWER Using the structured methodology of the Manual for ESHRE Guideline Development, 83 recommendations were formulated that answered the 22 key questions on optimal management of women with endometriosis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis (2005) has been a reference point for best clinical care in endometriosis for years, but this guideline was in need of updating. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This guideline was produced by a group of experts in the field using the methodology of the Manual for ESHRE Guideline Development, including a thorough systematic search of the literature, quality assessment of the included papers up to January 2012 and consensus within the guideline group on all recommendations. To ensure input from women with endometriosis, a patient representative was part of the guideline development group. In addition, patient and additional clinical input was collected during the scoping and review phase of the guideline. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS NA. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The guideline provides 83 recommendations on diagnosis of endometriosis and on the treatment of endometriosis-associated pain and infertility, on the management of women in whom the disease is found incidentally (without pain or infertility), on prevention of recurrence of disease and/or painful symptoms, on treatment of menopausal symptoms in patients with a history of endometriosis and on the possible association of endometriosis and malignancy. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION We identified several areas in care of women with endometriosis for which robust evidence is lacking. These areas were addressed by formulating good practice points (GPP), based on the expert opinion of the guideline group members. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Since 32 out of the 83 recommendations for the management of women with endometriosis could not be based on high level evidence and therefore were GPP, the guideline group formulated research recommendations to guide future research with the aim of increasing the body of evidence. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The guideline was developed and funded by ESHRE, covering expenses associated with the guideline meetings, with the literature searches and with the implementation of the guideline. The guideline group members did not receive payment. All guideline group members disclosed any relevant conflicts of interest (see Conflicts of interest). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NA.
A new notation for arrows

The categorical notion of monad, used by Moggi to structure denotational descriptions, has proved to be a powerful tool for structuring combinator libraries. Moreover, the monadic programming style provides a convenient syntax for many kinds of computation, so that each library defines a new sublanguage. Recently, several workers have proposed a generalization of monads, called variously "arrows" or Freyd-categories. The extra generality promises to increase the power, expressiveness and efficiency of the embedded approach, but does not mesh as well with the native abstraction and application. Definitions are typically given in a point-free style, which is useful for proving general properties, but can be awkward for programming specific instances. In this paper we define a simple extension to the functional language Haskell that makes these new notions of computation more convenient to use. Our language is similar to the monadic style, and has similar reasoning properties. Moreover, it is extensible, in the sense that new combining forms can be defined as expressions in the host language.
Environmental stress affects the expression of a carotenoid-based sexual trait in male zebra finches

SUMMARY Abiotic factors including thermal stress are suggested to exert constrains on sexual ornaments through trade-offs between sexual displays and physiological functions related to self-maintenance. Given the health properties of carotenoid pigments, carotenoid-based ornaments offer a relevant context in which to investigate the effect of environmental stress, such as ambient temperature, on the production and maintenance of secondary sexual traits and, also, to explore the proximate mechanisms shaping their expression. In this study, we exposed male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) to environmental stress by exposing them to two temperature regimes (6 and 26°C) over a 4 week period. Simultaneously, half of the males in each temperature group were supplemented with carotenoids, whereas the other half were not. The expression of a carotenoid-based sexual trait (bill colour) and the amount of circulating carotenoids were assessed before and at the end of the experiment. Carotenoid-supplemented males developed a redder bill, but the effect of supplementation was reduced under cold exposure. However, we found evidence that birds facing a cold stress were carotenoid limited, since supplemented males developed redder bills than the non-supplemented ones. Interestingly, while cold-exposed and non-supplemented males developed duller bills, they circulated a higher amount of carotenoids at the end of the experiment compared to the pre-experimental values. Together, these results suggest that ambient temperature might contribute to the modulation of the expression of carotenoid-based ornaments. Our findings suggest that carotenoids are a limiting resource under cold exposure and that they might be prioritized for self-maintenance at the expense of the ornament. The physiological functions related to self-maintenance that might have benefited from carotenoid saving are discussed.
Social Mediating Technologies: Social Affordances and Functionalities

A framework for analyzing computer-mediated communication is presented, based on Clark's theory of common ground. Four technologies are reviewed: Facebook, Wikipedia, Blacksburg Electronic Village, and World of Warcraft, to assess their “social affordances,” that is, how communication is supported and how the technologies provide facilities to promote social relationships, groups, and communities. The technology affordances are related to motivations for use and socio-psychological theories of group behaviour and social relationships. The review provides new insights into the nature of long-lasting conversations in social relationships, as well as how representations of individuals and social networks augment interaction.
Culture clash or culture club? The identity and attitudes of immigrants in Britain

There is economic evidence that diversity has consequences for economic performance (see Alesina and La Ferrara, 2005). This might have consequences for immigration policy – how many immigrants to allow into a country and from what cultural background. But, central to such a discussion is the pace of cultural assimilation among immigrants – this under-researched topic is the focus of this paper. It investigates the extent and determinants of British identity among those living in Britain and the views on rights and responsibilities in societies. We find no evidence for a culture clash in general, and one connected with Muslims in particular. The vast majority of those born in Britain, of whatever ethnicity or religion, think of themselves as British and we find evidence that third-generation immigrants are more likely to think of themselves as British than second generation. Newly arrived immigrants almost never think of themselves as British but the longer they remain in the UK, the more likely it is that they do. This process of assimilation is faster for those from poorer and less democratic countries, even though immigrants from these countries are often regarded as a particular cause for concern. Our analysis of rights and responsibilities finds much smaller differences in views between the UK-born and immigrants than within the UK-born population.