Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Commentary - Sport as an Avenue of Tourism Development: An Analysis of the Positive and Negative Impacts of Sport Tourism

Recognition of the negative effects that are often associated with sporting megaevents has emerged relatively belatedly in the academic literature. Much attention has focused on the economic development potential of sporting events (Burgan & Mules, 1992). Various authors suggest that positive image and identity, inward investment and tourism promotion through media coverage and the televising of sport also help to justify hosting sports mega-events. Roche (1994: 1) states that 'mega-events are short term events with long-term consequences for the cities that stage them'. In many cases, it seems, the long term consequences for the host cities are negative. It appears that with increasing scale, the potential for sporting events to create negative impacts also increases (Olds, 1998, Shapcott, 1998). Despite this, little academic attention has been paid to the tourism potential of regular season domestic sport competitions, national championships and local/regional sport. At these levels of sport the potenti.
Validation of the Swedish Version of the NEO-PI–R: Correlations between Self-Reports and College Peer Ratings

The NEO-PI–R has been one of the standard tools for measuring the Five Factor Model. Validity tests of the Swedish version of the NEO-PI-R have previously been limited to factor analyses and to testing the inventory's congruent validity using Hogan's Personality Inventory and the Karolinska Scales of Personality. The aim of the present study was to further investigate the validity of the NEO-PI–R. 53 pairs of volunteer college students who were peers (77 women, 29 men; M age = 27.3 yr., SD = 7) from the Department of Psychology at Stockholm University rated themselves both on the NEO-PI–R and on single statements taken from the NEO-PI–R Summary feedback sheet as well as rating their respective peers on a short version of the NEO-PI–R and on single statements taken from the NEO-PI–R Summary feedback sheet. The pattern of correlations indicated some support for the convergent and discriminant validity of the Swedish version of the NEO-PI–R.
Australian university technology transfer managers: Backgrounds, work roles, specialist skills and perceptions

Technology transfer managers are a new group of specialist professionals engaged in facilitating transfer of university research discoveries and inventions to business firms and other research users. With relatively high academic qualifications and enjoying higher salaries than many other comparable university staff, technology transfer managers tend to have been recruited from outside the higher education sector, having had significant commercial and public‐sector experience. On average, they spend longer hours in work activities per week than research office managers, being heavily involved in identification and marketing of intellectual property (IP), patenting and licensing IP to existing and start‐up companies. Overall, they are highly critical of the management of their own universities, both generally and with regard to research commercialization, and give relatively low effectiveness ratings to the efforts of both Commonwealth and State governments to support research commercialization and innovation.
Membrane‐bound Kit ligand regulates melanocyte adhesion and survival, providing physical interaction with an intraepithelial niche

Morphogenesis, as illustrated by melanocyte migration and homing to the skin, requires cadherin adhesion, integrin‐dependent migration and Kit‐ligand growth factor signaling. However, it is not known how Kit ligand regulates integrin or cadherin‐dependent intraepidermal melanocyte behavior. To answer this question, we developed specific 2‐dimensional (2D) and 3D culture systems analyzing how soluble or immobilized Kit‐ligand‐regulated melanocyte migration on vitronectin and laminin, or within a monolayer of kidney epithelial cells. In a 2D system, soluble Kit ligand stimulated integrin‐dependent melanoblast migration and chemotaxis and accelerated integrin turnover. In contrast, immobilized, but not soluble, Kit ligand, enhanced integrin‐dependent melanocyte spreading on suboptimal laminin concentrations. In 3D, membrane‐bound Kit ligand induced intra‐epithelial melanocyte proliferation, survival, and tight adhesion to epithelial cells, while cleavable Kit ligand was less effective. In contrast, melanocyte motility was independent of membrane‐bound Kit ligand, but increased in the presence of the cleavable Kit‐ligand isoform. Trans‐membrane‐dimerization or basolateral‐targeting mutants of Kit ligand altered intraepithelial melanocyte localization, survival, and adhesion to epithelial cells. These data and the identification of c‐kit/Kit‐ligand clusters at cell contacts suggest that membrane‐bound Kit ligand captures cell surface‐expressed c‐kit, providing mechanical anchoring and survival signaling within intraepithelial niches, and thereby defining a new mechanism for melanocyte homeostasis and requirement for environmental niches. —Tabone‐Eglinger, S. , Wehrle‐Haller, M. , Aebischer, N. , Jacquier, M. ‐C. , Wehrle‐Haller, B. Membranebound Kit ligand regulates melanocyte adhesion and survival, providing physical interaction with an intraepithelial niche. FASEB J. 26, 3738–3753 (2012). www.fasebj. org
Three essays addressing issues in retail channels

My dissertation examines the effect of several changes occurring in the retail environment. In the first essay, I study competition among retail formats. I examine the phenomenon retailers call channel blurring: consumers moving their purchases from channels traditionally associated with that category to alternative channels. At one time, different retail formats served different purposes, but they are slowly becoming indistinguishable. For example, mass merchandisers are now carrying sizeable assortments of groceries and pharmaceuticals, while drug chains such are stocking their shelves with toys and household items. I examine how consumers are responding to these changes. My results show that consumers view retail formats as substitutable, that households who are more brand loyal are also more retail format loyal, and that households who purchase private labels are also format loyal.In the second essay, I examine retail chain choice behavior at the basket level. I develop a model of retail chain choice behavior to understand what factors underlie this decision. The results show that the retailers' food price image has a bigger impact than non-food price image, and that different retailers have customers who use assortment differently. Implications of this are discussed with respect to marketing mix decisions.In the third essay, I examine retail competition from a legal perspective by performing an empirical analysis of the case history of the Robinson-Patman Act. While the stated goal of the Act is to prevent price discrimination and level the playing field for small buyers, in reality the marketplace may not be not aligned with this goal. Anecdotal evidence suggests that Wal-Mart and others obtain better prices for the same goods when compared with small competitors. I find evidence that the Brooke Group Supreme Court ruling significantly decreased the probability of a plaintiff winning a Robinson-Patman case. The finding is particularly evident in primary-line cases and cases where the issue of competitive harm is addressed. Additionally, I find the importance of plaintiff resources changes after the Brooke Group ruling such that small plaintiffs are significantly more successful than large plaintiffs before Brooke Group but are significantly less successful after the ruling.
Effects of a Devaluation on a Trade Balance

T HE CONVENTIONAL ANSWER to the question, what is the effect of a devaluation on the trade balance of the devaluing country, runs in terms of the supply and demand conditions in the devaluing country and in the rest of the world. It is presumed that the devaluation initially tends to reduce the foreign prices of the country's exports in proportion to the devaluation. At these reduced prices, foreign demand for the country's exports will be increased, thus tending to bid up the foreign prices of these exports part-way back toward their predevaluation levels. How much the foreign currency proceeds of the country's exports will change then depends upon the elasticity of foreign demand for the country's exports and the elasticity of domestic supply of export goods. Similarly, on the import side, the initial effect of the devaluation is to raise the domestic price of imports, presumably leading to some reduction in the country's demand for imports, which in turn may tend to reduce the world price of the imported goods. The size of these reactions on imports depends upon the elasticity of domestic demand for imports and the elasticity of foreign supply of imports. The effect of the devaluation on the foreign trade balance can accordingly be expressed in a formula which involves principally the four elasticities mentioned above. ' In the present paper, it is suggested that a more fruitful line of approach can be based on a concentration on the relationships of real expenditure to real income and on the relationships of both of these to the price levels, rather than on the more traditional supply and demand analysis.
Gender Disparities in Adult Health: An Examination of Three Measures of Morbidity∗

Recent examinations of gender differences in physical health suggest that women's disadvantage may be smaller than previously assumed, varying by health status measure and age. Using data from the 1997–2001 National Health Interview Surveys, we examine gender-by-age differences in life-threatening medical conditions, functional limitations, and self-rated health and consider whether potential mediating mechanisms (e.g., socioeconomic status, behavioral factors) operate uniformly across health measures. The results show that the gender gap is smallest for life-threatening medical conditions and that men do increasingly worse with age. For self-rated health, men are more likely to report excellent health at younger ages, but with increasing age this gap closes. Only for functional limitations do we find a consistent pattern of female disadvantage: Women report more functional limitations than men, and the gap increases with age. The ability of explanatory mechanisms to account for these patterns varies by the health measure examined.
Formulation and Characterization of Nanomedicine (Solid Lipid Nanoparticle) Associate with the Extract of Pterospermum acerifolium for the Screening of Neurochemicals and Neuroendocrine Effects

Background: Nanotechnology has given the likelihood of conveying medications to particular cells utilizing nanoparticles. Nanosystems can convey the dynamic constituent at an adequate fixation amid the whole treatment time frame, guiding it to the fancied site of activity. Traditional medications do not meet these necessities. The fundamental motivation behind creating elective medication conveyance advancements is to expand effectiveness of medication conveyance and security during the time spent medication conveyance and give more accommodation to the patient. Objectives: Pterospermum acerifolium, basic plant in India, is viewed as carminative, stimulant, and emmenagogue. The improvement of control discharge conveyance systems could prompt huge preferences in the clinical employments of these medications to diminish the toxicities. The point of this study was to figure another conveyance framework for impacts of neurochemicals by the joining of concentrate of P. acerifolium into strong lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Methods: SLN formulations were prepared by Ethanolic extract, lipid layer was liquefied by warming at 5°C above liquefying purpose of the lipid. After that, SLNs were separated and dried. Shape and surface morphology of the SLNs were pictured by checking scanning electron microscopy. Particle size and size distribution were dictated by photon connection spectroscopy. Results and Discussion: The change of molecule charge was contemplated by zeta potential estimations. Treatment with SLN with concentrate was found to altogether diminish the serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone and-endorphin and in addition the cerebrum and serum level of norepinephrine. Moreover, SLN with concentrate could essentially turn around the constant anxiety by diminishing the cerebrum and serum levels of the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine. Conclusion: The outcomes got from this study recommended that the memory-improving impact of SLN with concentrate was interceded through directions of neurochemical and neuroendocrine frameworks.
Valuing Beach Access and Width with Revealed and Stated Preference Data

In this article we present results from a study of recreation demand for southern North Carolina beaches. We combine revealed preference and stated preference data in order to estimate the changes in recreation demand that might occur with beach nourishment and parking improvements necessary to satisfy the requirements for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers cost-share. We illustrate the numerous ways that hypothetical bias in stated preference data can lead to increases in the estimates of the economic benefits of recreation and recreation quality improvement. Hypothetical bias affects estimates of the number of trips and slope coefficients. Hypothetical bias does not affect elasticity or consumer surplus per-trip estimates. When the product of trips and consumer surplus per trip is taken as an estimate of consumer surplus per season, hypothetical bias leads to upwardly biased seasonal consumer surplus estimates. These results suggest that stated preference recreation demand data, in isolation from revealed preference data, may be suitable for estimation of consumer surplus per trip but not consumer surplus per season.
Einfluss freilebender Wiederkäuer auf die Verjüngung des Schweizer Waldes | Influence of Wild-Living Ruminants on the Regeneration of the Swiss Forest

Former, mostly authoritative knowledge on the obstruction of forest regeneration through wild-living ruminants is presently replaced by figures from numerous inventories on browsing and juvenile forest in Switzerland. In practice, the percentage of browsing has shown to be an apt indicator of the level of game damage. Thus, a more objective and differentiated picture of the situation can be presented today. On the whole, the game damage to the regeneration of the Swiss forest has not diminished during the past 25 years. However, a certain prosiness has occurred with regard to evaluation. In the Swiss Central Plateau, solutions for these conflicts have been found in the meantime. Within the alpine areas, some particularly serious cases of game damage in the forest were solved by means of problem-oriented killing-off and habitat improvements. Locally, the spread of the lynx has had its positive effects. The regeneration of the fir is a particularly significant problem. In many areas, without technical prote.
Is environmental disclosure an effective strategy on establishment of environmental legitimacy for organization

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between level of environmental disclosure and establishment of a legitimacy image of operation among Japanese firms after implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a sample consisting of 208 firms listed in the Japan Nikkei Stock Index 500 and adopts three-stage least-squares (3SLS) to explore the relationship between environmental news exposure, environmental disclosure in corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports, and environmental legitimacy. Findings – Results indicate that firms from environmentally-sensitive industries can significantly improve their perceived legitimacy by releasing CSR reports; firms with better prior environmental legitimacy will be more active in environmental disclosure and establish better environmental legitimacy in the next period; firms with better carbon reduction performance tend to have higher levels of environmental disclosure. In terms of carbon reductio.
Musical Extrapolations: Towards an Understanding of Creative Processes Involved While Music is Being Listened to and Composed

A systematic understanding is suggested about the conditions, mechanisms, influences, and processes evolving into a creative behavior in music, based on interdisciplinary perspectives of the cognitive sciences: developmental psychology, neuroscience, music psychology, emotions research, and creativity research in general and in music. The focus is on so-called musical extrapolations processes which bring the elusive quality of music into mental existence by creating extrapolations about: first, possible future occurring events; second, their musical meanings; and third, the meanings of their interrelations. These processes, involved while music is being listened to and composed, are defined as the result of implicit and explicit problem-solving processes which are tangibly guided by factors of: intrinsic activities and motivation, pre-disposed and experience-based structures, and environmental pressure. This so-called Model of Musical Extrapolations structures a new perspective in research, and furthermore, provides an enormous potential for future extensions, not least because an enhanced perspective is opened about the complexity of highly creative and parallel processes organizing sounds while listening to what is called music, as well as musical ideas while composing.
Differential incretin effects of GIP and GLP‐1 on gastric emptying, appetite, and insulin‐glucose homeostasis

Background Glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) are major incretins with important effects on glucoregulatory functions. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of GIP and GLP‐1 on gastric emptying and appetite after a mixed meal, and effects on insulin secretion and glucose disposal in humans.
A STRATEGIC DIRECTION FOR SKF IN JAPAN

Industries reflect changes in the environment – they evolve with the rest of the society, or cease to exist as they become obsolete. That is why companies have to reinvent themselves, in order to keep their pace with evolution and development. Strategy facilitates the process of reinvention – it determines the direction and focus an organization will eventually follow in order to assume its desired new shape. This thesis is examining the strategic direction of SKF Japan through Porter’s five competitive forces and his framework for competitors’ analysis. Other key topics covered in this analysis are bearing industry in Japan, SKF’s main competitors, and the history and current position of SKF Japan.
New compact ocean bottom cabled system for seismic observation in the Japan Sea

The Japanese islands are positioned near the plate convergent zones, and large earthquakes have repeatedly occurred in marine areas around Japan. Although there are already approximately 2,000 land-based earthquake observatories in Japan, the number of permanent earthquake observatories in the oceans is quite limited. It is important to observe seismic activities on the seafloor just above these seismogenic zones for understanding the generation of large earthquakes. An ocean bottom cabled seismometers system (OBCS) is the most suitable observation tool for this purpose since data can be obtained in real-time. We have developed a new compact OBCS system. The first installation of the new OBCS system will be done in the Sea of Japan in August in 2010. The OBCS system has a cable length of 25 km and four observation nodes with 5 km spacing. This paper describes the new compact OBCS system and the Sea of Japan OBCS project.
Designing Action Games for Appealing to Buyers

This study aims to identify design features for action games that would appeal to game-buyers, rather than game-players. Sixteen frequent-buyers of computer games identified 39 design features that appeal to buyers by contrasting different versions of Pacman games. Twenty-eight versions of Pacman were then evaluated in terms of the identified design features by 45 participants (27 male and 18 female college students). Qnet2000 neural network software was used to determine the relative importance of these design features. The results indicated that the top 10 most important design features could account for more than 50% of "perceived fun" among these 39 design features. The feature of avatar is important to game-buyers, yet not revealed in previous player-oriented studies. Moreover, six design factors underlying the 39 features were identified through factor analysis. These factors included "novelty and powerfulness," "appealing presentation," "interactivity," "challenging," "sense of control," and "rewarding," and could account for 54% of total variance. Among these six factors, appealing presentation has not been emphasized by player-oriented research. Implications of the findings were discussed.
Barter Returns as an Online Platform: Analysis and Business Proposal

History of social networking service. Business models, business strategy and innovation. Social networking business model. Building your company’s vision. Proposed business. The secrets to a successful strategy execution. Proposed business-market segment. Proposed business-revenue model. Blue ocean strategy. Gamification. Proposed business-competitive strategy & business dynamics. Prosed busienss-competitor’s analysis. Proposed business-value propostion. Proposed business-customer experience. Proposed business-associated costs. Proposed business-value propostion.
Hardball: Local Government’S Foray into Sports Franchise Ownership

Smaller cities seeking new economic development vehicles have embraced the growth of minor league sports. In an attempt to eliminate the threat of competition and maintain a sense of stability, four local governments purchased their respective minor league baseball franchise. This action may serve as a model for local governments that have invested heavily in professional sports as an economic development strategy. This study investigates the benefits of ownership in terms of stability for development, economic gain, and increased civic spirit. The study finds that publicly owned teams can be successfully used to anchor comprehensive plans for economic development, and that public ownership provides a way to pay the costs of the sports facilities and the debt service. There is little evidence to show that publicly owned teams increase civic spirit. However, this model presents some challenges that may prevent its widespread utilization.
Information and Market Equilibrium

Under the assumption of complete markets, a fundamental result of competitive market analysis (whether for speculative or commodity markets) is that prices contain all information necessary for optimal decisionmaking by individual economic units. The role that prices play in disseminating information is analyzed in the context of two different models. First an economy under uncertainty without complete markets is analyzed. Conditions are specified under which equilibrium prices reflect (or transmit) all available information to market observers. It is shown that uninformed market observers can deduce inside information about the environment from the change in the equilibrium price when there is a one-to-one correspondence between the market price and the useful part of the information received. For a special case, sufficient conditions for invertibility are derived. Then a Bayesian hypothesis is used to study the price expectations formed on the basis of information obtained about the economy from observations of past market prices. The Bayesian price expectations are shown to converge, as price observations accumulate, to the expectations of an observer who knows the true structure of the economy.