Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vivo roles of the germination-specific lytic enzymes of Bacillus subtilis 168.

Germination of endospores of Bacillus subtilis involves the activities of several germination-specific lytic enzymes, including glucosaminidase and lytic transglycosylase. Another non-hydrolytic activity, likely to be due to an epimerase, also occurs. The effect of pH on enzyme activities and the overall germination rate was measured. Optimal germination occurred between pH 7-9; however, optimum glucosaminidase and epimerase activities were noted at pH 5. Conversely, the lytic transglycosylase activity was greatest at pH 8. Treatment of spores (15 min) with heat (90 degrees C) or NaOH (0.25 M) led to impaired cortex hydrolysis/modification, but with <20% loss in viability. Analysis of muropeptides in the germination exudate revealed a reduction of >85% in glucosaminidase and epimerase products, when compared to untreated spores. Conversely, lytic transglycosylase activity was increased by alkali or heat treatment, which was possibly due to increased substrate availability. FB101 (sleB) spores, which lack lytic transglycosylase activity, showed 90-fold greater loss in viability than the wild-type after 1 h at 90 degrees C. Similarly, 97% of FB101 (sleB) spores were unable to form a colony on nutrient agar after 130 min exposure to 0.25 M NaOH at 4 degrees C, whereas the wild-type was unaffected. This demonstrates the crucial role of the lytic transglycosylase in cortex hydrolysis of damaged spores. The respective targets of heat and alkali in spores and their role during germination are discussed.
Using RF Repeaters to Improve WCDMA HSDPA Coverage and Capacity Inside Buildings

The role of indoor coverage will be very important in WCDMA networks, both due to customer expectations and the introduction of high speed packet data services. General outdoor-to-indoor coverage is and will be the most common solution, but macro cells may not always be able to deliver adequate indoor coverage and capacity, suggesting the need for dedicated indoor solutions, such as RF repeaters. RF repeaters are typically deployed to extend the coverage of existing (macro) cells. They are characterized by low cost, ease of installation and low power consumption. The simulation results shown in this paper clearly indicate how the repeater deployment improves the HSDPA coverage throughout the building. The results also demonstrate how the repeater deployment off-loads the donor cell, resulting in increased cell capacity. However, this paper also discusses the trade-off between the repeater gain and the reduced uplink coverage and capacity within the donor cell, which eventually can limit the maximum achievable HSDPA performance
Emotional Intelligence: Implications

Emotional intelligence (EI) involves the ability to carry out accurate reasoning about emotions and the ability to use emotions and emotional knowl edge to enhance thought. In recent years, emotional intelligence (EI) has been a popular topi c of debate in the field of management. It has been praised as a successful predictor of job perfo rmance and leadership ability. Authors have also claimed that emotional intelligence predicts s uccess at school. However, little empirical research has been conducted to test this assertion. The origin of the EI concept, definition of EI, and description of the scope of the field has been discussed in the paper. Three approaches taken to date from both a theoretical and methodological perspective has been reviewed and it has been found that Specific-Ability and Integrative-Model a pproaches adequately conceptualize and measure EI.
Motivation entrepreneuriale et logique d’action du créateur

L’objet de cette recherche est de faire emerger les ressorts de la motivation entrepreneuriale et de reperer les logiques d’action des createurs d’entreprise (projets) associees a chaque dimension de cette attitude. Plus precisement, l’etude vise a repondre aux deux questions suivantes : Quels sont les besoins et leur intensite a l’origine de la creation d’entreprise ? Et dans quelle mesure la motivation entrepreneuriale influence-t-elle les projets des entrepreneurs ? A partir des questionnaires a l’attention de chefs d’entreprises nouvellement installes, nous recherchons les ressorts de la motivation entrepreneuriale (besoins et intensite de ces derniers), ses antecedents et les logiquesd’action du createur (imitation, innovation-aventure, reproduction et innovation-valorisation). Cette etude s’appuie sur un cadre theorique issu de recherches sur la motivation et l’entrepreneuriat. Une serie de relations de causalite est retenue puis testee. L’analyse permet de tirer un ensemble de conclusions sur la motivation entrepreneuriale. Les chemins de la motivation nous conduisent a des logiques d’action liees a des projets innovants et eclairent le phenomene de reproduction (ou mimetisme) que l’on observe parfois chez les createurs d’entreprise. A l’origine, on releve des objectifs de developpement et d’independance. Dans le premier cas, le createur espere que son entreprise lui apportera des resultats tangibles sur les plans financier et materiel. Dans le second cas, l’entrepreneur est conscient que son projet lui demandera de s’investir de facon autonome sur l’ensemble des dimensions de son entreprise (gestion, commercialisation, etc.). Sur le chemin de la logique d’action de valorisation, on retrouve la non-aversion pour le risque, l’exploitation d’un contexte porteur conjuguee a une maitrise des competences et a un besoin de creativite. Ces deux dimensions sont associees a un objectif d’independance. La logique de reproduction est motivee par un sentiment de confiance en soi (locus of control, LOC) et repond a un objectif de developpement de l’entreprise.
Putting Bling In The Classroom

This paper showcases the innovative use of a case study in action. It initially introduces a case study on the bottled water ‘bling’ and its phenomenal success in recent times. From a marketing educator’s point of view it provides an example of how to bring reality to the class room and gives students hands on consumer experience through active learning. Details are provided on the in-class activity consisting of the case study, questions and guidelines for conducting the practice-orientated exercise. The paper concludes with student feedback on the activity, which highlights the level of student engagement and motivation to learning and class participation. It clearly shows that immersing students in the experience through active learning improves learning outcomes through concretisation of the concepts discussed in class. It also provides educators with recommendations for replicating this exercise.
Taste perception-a matter of sensation

Taste, gustatory perception is the sensory impression of food or other substances on the tongue and is one of the five traditional senses. Taste is the sensation produced when a substance in the mouth reacts chemically with taste receptor cells located on taste buds. Taste, along with smell and trigeminal nerve stimulation determines flavors of food or other substances. Humans have taste receptors on taste buds and other areas including the upper surface of the tongue and the epiglottis. Taste perception fades with age. On average people lose half their taste receptors by the time they turn twenty. This article review about taste, taste buds, its mechanisms, development and aging, role of saliva and its clinical implications.
Mental states estimation with the variation of physiological signals

In this paper, we describe the consequences of mental conditions due to the variation of electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram and blood pressure using BIOPAC system. The different data sets are collected using BIOPAC system in which subjects were induced to undergo the specific sequence of mental condition or cognitive state. For getting physiological signals during different affective condition, we utilized power point slide show, video clips and question-answer method which elicit mental reactions from the subjects. Data was taken before and after four tasks that encompassed the Motor Action (MA), Thought (TH), Memory Related (MR), Emotion (EM). These measured values were analyzed using BIOPAC AcqKnowledge software. It was found that the effect of motor action and thought states are mainly on blood pressure while memory related and emotion state mainly affect the ECG measurement. The EEG mainly detects the signal of task performed by the specific brain region where the electrodes are placed. Here the electrodes are placed in occipital lobe region which gives mainly the variation in alpha amplitude of EEG with eyes closed and eyes opened. Alpha wave amplitudes vary with the subjects attention to mental tasks performed with eyes closed.
Y682G Mutation of Amyloid Precursor Protein Promotes Endo-Lysosomal Dysfunction by Disrupting APP–SorLA Interaction

The intracellular transport and localization of amyloid precursor protein (APP) are critical determinants of APP processing and β-amyloid peptide production, thus crucially important for the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Notably, the C-terminal Y682ENPTY687 domain of APP binds to specific adaptors controlling APP trafficking and sorting in neurons. Mutation on the Y682 residue to glycine (Y682G) leads to altered APP sorting in hippocampal neurons that favors its accumulation in intracellular compartments and the release of soluble APPα. Such alterations induce premature aging and learning and cognitive deficits in APP Y682G mutant mice (APPYG/YG). Here, we report that Y682G mutation affects formation of the APP complex with sortilin-related receptor (SorLA), resulting in endo-lysosomal dysfunctions and neuronal degeneration. Moreover, disruption of the APP/SorLA complex changes the trafficking pathway of SorLA, with its consequent increase in secretion outside neurons. Mutations in the SorLA gene are a prognostic factor in AD, and changes in SorLA levels in cerebrospinal fluid are predictive of AD in humans. These results might open new possibilities in comprehending the role played by SorLA in its interaction with APP and in the progression of neuronal degeneration. In addition, they further underline the crucial role played by Y682 residue in controlling APP trafficking in neurons.
Metabolite Fingerprinting in Transgenic Nicotiana tabacum Altered by the Escherichia coli Glutamate Dehydrogenase Gene

With about 200 000 phytochemicals in existence, identifying those of biomedical significance is a mammoth task. In the postgenomic era, relating metabolite fingerprints, abundances, and profiles to genotype is also a large task. Ion analysis using Fourier transformed ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) may provide a high-throughput approach to measure genotype dependency of the inferred metabolome if reproducible techniques can be established. Ion profile inferred metabolite fingerprints are coproducts. We used FT-ICR-MS-derived ion analysis to examine gdhA (glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH; EC 1.4.1.1)) transgenic Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) carrying out altered glutamate, amino acid, and carbon metabolisms, that fundamentally alter plant productivity. Cause and effect between gdhA expression, glutamate metabolism, and plant phenotypes was analyzed by 13NH4+ labeling of amino acid fractions, and by FT-ICR-MS analysis of metabolites. The gdhA transgenic plants increased 13N labeling of glutamate and glutamine significantly. FT-ICR-MS detected 2 012 ions reproducible in 2 to 4 ionization protocols. There were 283 ions in roots and 98 ions in leaves that appeared to significantly change abundance due to the measured GDH activity. About 58% percent of ions could not be used to infer a corresponding metabolite. From the 42% of ions that inferred known metabolites we found that certain amino acids, organic acids, and sugars increased and some fatty acids decreased. The transgene caused increased ammonium assimilation and detectable ion variation. Thirty-two compounds with biomedical significance were altered in abundance by GDH including 9 known carcinogens and 14 potential drugs. Therefore, the GDH transgene may lead to new uses for crops like tobacco.
Humanin Protects RPE Cells from Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis by Upregulation of Mitochondrial Glutathione

Humanin (HN) is a small mitochondrial-encoded peptide with neuroprotective properties. We have recently shown protection of retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cells by HN in oxidative stress; however, the effect of HN on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has not been evaluated in any cell type. Our aim here was to study the effect of HN on ER stress-induced apoptosis in RPE cells with a specific focus on ER-mitochondrial cross-talk. Dose dependent effects of ER stressors (tunicamycin (TM), brefeldin A, and thapsigargin) were studied after 12 hr of treatment in confluent primary human RPE cells with or without 12 hr of HN pretreatment (1–20 μg/mL). All three ER stressors induced RPE cell apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. HN pretreatment significantly decreased the number of apoptotic cells with all three ER stressors in a dose dependent manner. HN pretreatment similarly protected U-251 glioma cells from TM-induced apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. HN pretreatment significantly attenuated activation of caspase 3 and ER stress-specific caspase 4 induced by TM. TM treatment increased mitochondrial superoxide production, and HN co-treatment resulted in a decrease in mitochondrial superoxide compared to TM treatment alone. We further showed that depleted mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) levels induced by TM were restored with HN co-treatment. No significant changes were found for the expression of several antioxidant enzymes between TM and TM plus HN groups except for the expression of glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), the rate limiting enzyme required for GSH biosynthesis, which is upregulated with TM and TM+HN treatment. These results demonstrate that ER stress promotes mitochondrial alterations in RPE that lead to apoptosis. We further show that HN has a protective effect against ER stress-induced apoptosis by restoring mitochondrial GSH. Thus, HN should be further evaluated for its therapeutic potential in disorders linked to ER stress.
A Fast Accurate Interpretive Simulator Based on Shared Basic Block Cache Technique

Instruction set simulator plays a very important role in new micro-architecture design domain and cross-platform software design and development. The simulation speed performance and the simulation accuracy are the two most important factors that are used to evaluate simulators. Interpretive instruction simulation technique and compiled instruction simulation technique are the most common used and mature simulation technique. Interpretive instruction simulation technique is flexible and accurate, however, due to its simulation mechanism it has a slow simulation speed. In this paper, a new fast accurate interpretive simulator based on shared basic block cache technique is proposed, which takes advantages of the temporal and spatial locality principle to extremely improve the efficiency of time-consuming fetch-decoding phases of interpretive simulation technique. And the experimental tests show that the shared basic block interpretive simulation technique is especially superior to handle large target machine applications due it mechanism.
Lateral capsular sign: x-ray clue to a significant knee instability

The purpose of this presentation is to describe a simple radiographic finding, visible on the routine anteroposterior knee x-ray, which indicates severe lateral capsular injury and should alert the examiner to the high probability of anterior cruciate and medial ligamentous damage. Basic capsular anatomy is reviewed first, then the lesion itself is described in detail. Two cases are presented, one which
TRILOGY OF THE LEADER'S MIND: EMOTIONAL, CULTURAL AND SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCES

A tripartite classification of the leader's mind is presented here to include emotional, cultural and spiritual �ntellgences as key elements of leadershp effectveness. Ths paper traces thentellgence - leadershp relationship from early conceptualization of intelligence as an analytical ability through Gardner's model of multiple intelligences to the current proposal of a tripartite model of the leader's mind that combines traditional analytic ability with three different non-IQ intelligences - emotional intelligence, cultural intelligence, and spiritual intelligence. The proposed model lends itself to empirical testing since all constructs have been operationalized using standardize, reliable and valid instruments.
Right Tail of the Distribution of Depressive Symptoms Is Stable and Follows an Exponential Curve during Middle Adulthood

Background Previous research has reported that the mean of depressive symptoms is stable in the general population through middle adulthood. To understand the stability of depressive symptoms during middle adulthood, we investigated the nature of the distribution of depressive symptoms. Methods We analyzed 24,890 subjects aged 15 to 84 years who participated in the Active Survey of Health and Welfare, Japan. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Japanese version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The descriptive statistics and frequency curves of the distributions were then compared according to age group. Results The distribution of depressive symptoms was stable through middle adulthood. The right tail which covers clinical depression was more stable than the left tail or peak of the distributions. The right tail of the distribution during middle adulthood exhibited a linear pattern with a log-normal scale. Conclusions The right tail of the distribution of depressive symptoms is stable and exhibits an exponential pattern during middle adulthood.
An smart stochastic approach to model plug-in hybrid electric vehicles charging effect in the optimal operation of micro-grids

This paper proposes a sufficient stochastic framework to assess the influence of charging demand of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) on the operation of renewable micro-grids (MGs). In this regard, an intelligent charging approach is proposed to shift the charging demand of PHEVs to off-peak load hours. In order to reduce the total cost of the MG, battery as the storage device is incorporated in the MG. Since the problem investigated is a hard complicated optimization problem, a new optimization method called Modified Clonal Selection algorithm (MCSA) is utilized too. The proposed MCSA employs two modification techniques to improve the position of antibodies in the face of local optima. For modeling the uncertainty of parameters, 2m-point estimate method (2m-PEM) is utilized as the stochastic framework. The feasibility and appropriate performance of the proposed method are examined on a standard MG.
School-related adjustment in children and adolescents with CHD

Abstract Advancements in medical and surgical treatment have increased the life expectancy of patients with CHD. Many patients with CHD, however, struggle with the medical, psychosocial, and behavioural challenges as they transition from childhood to adulthood. Specifically, the environmental and lifestyle challenges in school are very important factors that affect children and adolescents with CHD. This study aimed to evaluate school-related adjustments depending on school level and disclosure of disease in children and adolescents with CHD. This was a descriptive and exploratory study with 205 children and adolescents, aged 7–18 years, who were recruited from two congenital heart clinics from 5 January to 27 February, 2015. Data were analysed using the Student’s t-test, analysis of variance, and a univariate general linear model. School-related adjustment scores were significantly different according to school level and disclosure of disease (p<0.001) when age, religion, experience being bullied, and parents’ educational levels were assigned as covariates. The school-related adjustment score of patients who did not disclose their disease dropped significantly in high school. This indicated that it is important for healthcare providers to plan developmentally appropriate educational transition programmes for middle-school students with CHD in order for students to prepare themselves before entering high school.
Normalizing Medieval German Texts: from rules to deep learning

The application of NLP tools to historical texts is complicated by a high level of spelling variation. Different methods of historical text normalization have been proposed. In this comparative evaluation I test the following three approaches to text canonicalization on historical German texts from 15 th –16 th centuries: rule-based, statistical machine translation, and neural machine translation. Character based neural machine translation, not being previously tested for the task of normalization, showed the best results.
Microcalcifications Detection in Mammographic Images Using Texture Coding

Breast cancer represents the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. In order to reduce mortality, early detection of breast cancer is important, because diagnosis is more likely to be successful in the early stages of the disease. This paper presents a new method for automatic detection of clustered microcalcifications in digitized mammograms. Compared to previous works, the innovation here is that the processing is performed in the coded images instead of the original ones. This new method uses the coding of textures of the mammographic images on the basis of which Haralick features are computed for SVM classification purpose. By comparing our results with those found in the literature, we proved that the method of coding developed does not degrade the quality of the contained information in the mammograms and enormously reduces the computing time of the haralick vector parameters released from the cooccurrence matrix. Furthermore, the rates of classification found by using the coded images are much improved compared to those obtained on the basis of original images. Classification rates enhancements were also revealed by testing our method compared to rank coding method.
The incidence and role of negative citations in science

Significance Providing a detailed classification of the types of citations that an article receives is important to establish the quality of a study and to characterize how current research builds upon prior work. The methodology that we propose also informs how to improve the citation process, for example by having scientists attach additional metadata to their citations. The approach is scalable to other fields and periods and can also be used to identify other types of citations (e.g., reuse of methods, materials, empirical tests of theory, and so on). Finally, our methods provide online repositories such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus with a way to improve their search and ranking algorithms. Citations to previous literature are extensively used to measure the quality and diffusion of knowledge. However, we know little about the different ways in which a study can be cited; in particular, are papers cited to point out their merits or their flaws? We elaborated a methodology to characterize “negative” citations using bibliometric data and natural language processing. We found that negative citations concerned higher-quality papers, were focused on a study’s findings rather than theories or methods, and originated from scholars who were closer to the authors of the focal paper in terms of discipline and social distance, but not geographically. Receiving a negative citation was also associated with a slightly faster decline in citations to the paper in the long run.