Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Excess of Submillimeter Sources near 4C 41.17: A Candidate Protocluster at z = 3.8?

Biased galaxy-formation theories predict that massive galaxies at high redshifts should act as signposts to high-density environments in the early universe, which subsequently evolve into the cores of the richest clusters seen at the present day. These regions are characterized by overdensities of young galaxies, perhaps including a population of dusty, interaction-driven starbursts—the progenitors of massive cluster ellipticals. By searching for this population at submillimeter (submm) wavelengths we can therefore test both galaxy- and structure-formation models. We have undertaken such a search in the field of a z = 3.8 radio galaxy, 4C 41.17, with the SCUBA submm camera. Our extremely deep 450 and 850 μm maps reveal an order-of-magnitude overdensity of luminous submm galaxies compared to typical fields (the likelihood of finding such an overdensity in a random field is less than 2 × 10-3). The SCUBA galaxies have bolometric luminosities of more than 1013 L☉, which imply star formation rates (SFRs) consistent with those required to form a massive galaxy in only a few 108 yr. We also note that this field exhibits an overdensity of extremely red objects (EROs), some of which may be associated with the submm sources, and Lyman-break galaxies. We propose that the overdensities of both submm and ERO sources in this field represent young dusty, starburst galaxies forming within a protocluster centered on the radio galaxy at z = 3.8, which is also traced by a less-obscured population of Lyman-break galaxies.
Construction Procurement Selection Criteria: A Review and Research Agenda

This paper presents a comprehensive literature review that addresses procurement selection criteria associated with procurement system evaluation in the construction sector. The aim is to consolidate the knowledge of construction procurement selection criteria (PSC) and provide future research directions. A systematic literature review (SLR) of 37 peer-reviewed journal articles from 1998 to 2019 in the construction procurement system selection process is carried out to understand the extant theoretical and practical foundations of the field. Two hundred fifty-six PSC have been identified. Descriptive and material analysis reveals (1) PSC evolved to match the promotion of emerging procurement systems in the construction industry; (2) three emerging themes of PSC have been identified, namely procurement systems, decision aid tools, and PSC identification methods; (3) PSC could be classified into generic criteria and unique criteria; (4) geographic location may not have a significant impact on the choice of procurement systems. This work identifies and discusses potential research interests in improving PSC identification. The research path, current trends, and future research directions in construction procurement selection are revealed. The paper provides the foundation and impetus for further investigation into procurement system selection practices.
Novel Prognostic Indicators of Long Noncoding RNA Somatostatin Receptor 5 Antisense RNA 1 and Tubulin Alpha 4B in Prognosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Long noncoding RNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This study was designed to investigate the clinical roles of long noncoding RNAs somatostatin receptor 5 antisense RNA 1 and tubulin alpha 4B in prediction of nasopharyngeal carcinoma prognosis. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect gene expression levels. The relationship between aberrant expressions of somatostatin receptor 5 antisense RNA 1, tubulin alpha 4B, 5 y overall survival and relapse-free survival rates were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The clinical effects of somatostatin receptor 5 antisense RNA 1 and tubulin alpha 4B in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell viability and apoptosis were further verified and evaluated by the in vitro experiments. We found that expression levels of somatostatin receptor 5 antisense RNA 1 and tubulin alpha 4B were significantly decreased in serum of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines. Somatostatin receptor 5 antisense RNA 1 and tubulin alpha 4B expression levels were associated with the node stage, clinical stage and grade of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In addition, nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with lower somatostatin receptor 5 antisense RNA 1 and tubulin alpha 4B expression presented shorter 5 y overall survival and relapse-free survival rates than those with higher expression. After receiving chemo-radiotherapy, the expression levels of somatostatin receptor 5 antisense RNA 1 and tubulin alpha 4B were significantly increased. In vitro experimental results further verified that somatostatin receptor 5 antisense RNA 1 and tubulin alpha 4B overexpression strongly promote nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell apoptosis. To sum up, tumor-suppressors long noncoding RNAs somatostatin receptor 5 antisense RNA 1 and tubulin alpha 4B might be potential indicators for nasopharyngeal carcinoma prognosis and treatment.
Generalized radon transform/amplitude versus angle (GRT/AVA) migration/inversion in anisotropic media

We investigate the inversion of seismic data for the recovery of combinations of elastic parameters. The theory is based on a single scattering and a high-frequency (stationary phase) approximation and maps the most singular part of the wave field onto the most singular part of the medium within this approximation. In this framework, it is assumed that the smooth constituents of the medium are known. Three asymptotic parameters play a role, one for propagation in the background medium, one for scattering in the medium perturbation, and one describing the smoothness of the medium perturbation itself. A procedure concerning what combinations of parameters can be determined given an acquisition geometry is discussed. The zero-offset case in particular simplifies the expressions but allows only one parameter to be reconstructed. We find that in anisotropic media we are forced to follow a `generalized' inverse approach, which we implement through a singular-value decomposition. Finally, we mention a simplification which is based on a micro-local analysis. Assuming that the medium jumps in a single direction only, and assuming that the associated dip can be estimated separately, the theory becomes essentially 1D and the inversion procedure reduces to an AVA analysis.
High-power pulsed lasers based on heterostructures with narrow and wide waveguides

The power and spectral characteristics of pulsed laser diode arrays operating in the spectral range of and based on heterostructures of two different types (with narrow and wide waveguides) are studied. It is found that the power – current characteristics of the laser arrays of both types are linear within the pump current range of and that the steepness of these characteristics decreases at currents exceeding . The decrease in the slope efficiency is more noticeable for laser arrays based on heterostructures with wide waveguides.
Survey on food intake methods using visual technologies

Assessing food intake is important for reasons of well-being, lifestyle, health, appearance, or fun. Particularly in the field of medicine, the intake of appropriate foods and quantities of food is considered elementary and always related to physical activity. Various food tracking techniques exist, ranging from pen-based, purchase-based, calorie-counting to camera-based systems. Here, it is important that automated systems can recognize ingredients and estimate quantities. Therefore, there are many camera-based systems, but they differ in terms of accuracy, speed or performance. This review provides an overview of existing technologies and describes new approaches in the area of volume-sensitive sensing methods using lidar and true-depth technologies.
Ages of radio pulsar: long-term magnetic field evolution

We use the Bayesian approach to write the posterior probability density for the three-dimensional velocity of a pulsar and for its kinematic age. As a prior, we use the bimodal velocity distribution found in a recent article by Verbunt, Igoshev & Cator (2017). When we compare the kinematic ages with spin-down ages, we find that in general, they agree with each other. In particular, maximum likelihood analysis sets the lower limit for the exponential magnetic field decay timescale at $8$ Myr with a slight preference of $t_\mathrm{dec} \approx 12$ Myr and compatible with no decay at all. One of the objects in the study, pulsar B0950+08 has kinematic and cooling ages $\approx 2$ Myr which is in strong contradiction with its spin-down age $\tau\approx 17$ Myr. The 68 per cent credible range for the kinematic age is 1.2--8.0 Myr. We conclude that the most probable explanation for this contradiction is a combination of magnetic field decay and long initial period. Further timing, UV and X-ray observations of B0950+08 are required to constrain its origin and evolution better.
Structured variation, language experience, and crosslinguistic influence shape child heritage speakers’ Spanish direct objects

This study investigates child heritage speakers’ Spanish direct objects. A task designed to elicit direct objects was completed in Spanish and English by 40 child heritage speakers of Spanish in the U.S., and in Spanish by 24 monolingual children in Mexico. Both participant groups varied their direct object forms, following the same ranking: clitics>lexical NPs>omission>doubling. Animate referents promoted clitics; inanimate referents promoted lexical NPs. Among the heritage speakers, more Spanish experience and Spanish lexical proficiency predicted more clitic use (less omission and lexical NP use). We also argue that the child heritage speakers’ production of strong pronouns, more lexical NPs, and masculine clitic lo with inanimate feminine referents suggest English influence. The study underscores the importance of examining structured variation, which revealed both similarities and differences between heritage and monolingual speakers.
Sweat Gland Extraction From Optical Coherence Tomography Using Convolutional Neural Network

As the Level 3 features of fingerprint, sweat pores have attracted attention in the field of fingerprint recognition and have been successfully applied to automatic fingerprint recognition systems. Traditional surface sweat pores become unclear or disappeared when the finger is contaminated, dried, or damaged. These unstable factors create major challenges in collecting sweat pores. Subcutaneous sweat glands belong to the internal tissues of fingers, which are stable and immune to external disturbances. This study investigated the extraction of subcutaneous sweat glands from fingertip volume data collected by optical coherence tomography (OCT). First, an improved multitask V-Net is proposed to extract subcutaneous sweat glands from OCT volume data. The network has an encoding path for features extraction and two decoding paths for extracting sweat gland boundaries and regions, respectively. The multitask scheme is designed to enhance the boundary and shape information of sweat glands and to prevent false extraction caused by interference from other tissues. Second, three mapping methods are proposed to address the problem of different spatial orientations of sweat glands. These three mapping methods, namely, global direct mapping (GDM), local direct mapping (LDM), and cylindrical fitting mapping (CFM), are used to map sweat glands to the surface fingerprint. Experiments are conducted in terms of sweat gland extraction, mapping, and matching. The qualitative and quantitative results show that the proposed network for sweat glands extraction outperforms other methods and that the LDM and CFM methods derive more accurate positions of sweat glands on the surface fingerprint than GDM. In the matching experiment, the equal error rate (EER) of dual-decoding V-Net (DDVN) reached 0.58%, which verified the recognition ability of sweat glands and the effectiveness of the proposed network.
Research on Defect Detection in Automated Fiber Placement Processes Based on a Multi-Scale Detector

Various surface defects in automated fiber placement (AFP) processes affect the forming quality of the components. In addition, defect detection usually requires manual observation with the naked eye, which leads to low production efficiency. Therefore, automatic solutions for defect recognition have high economic potential. In this paper, we propose a multi-scale AFP defect detection algorithm, named the spatial pyramid feature fusion YOLOv5 with channel attention (SPFFY-CA). The spatial pyramid feature fusion YOLOv5 (SPFFY) adopts spatial pyramid dilated convolutions (SPDCs) to fuse the feature maps extracted in different receptive fields, thus integrating multi-scale defect information. For the feature maps obtained from a concatenate function, channel attention (CA) can improve the representation ability of the network and generate more effective features. In addition, the sparsity training and pruning (STP) method is utilized to achieve network slimming, thus ensuring the efficiency and accuracy of defect detection. The experimental results of the PASCAL VOC and our AFP defect datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our scheme, which achieves superior performance.
An Error Analysis of Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Track Guidance Models

Abstract Mean track forecast errors over the 6-yr period 1983–88 are compared for four tropical cyclone-track forecast models in use at the National Hurricane Center (NHC). The model types represented are statistical, statistical-dynamical, barctropic-dynamical, and baroclinic-dynamical. The statistical-dynamical model (NHC83) had the smallest mean errors at all forecast periods between 12 and 72 h while the baroclinic-dynamical model (MFM) had the largest errors at 12 and 24 h. NHC83 was the only model which had statistically significant forecast skill relative to the CLIPER model. When the forecasts were stratified by latitude, the MFM had significant skill at 36 and 48 h for the northern storms. Further analysis of the forecast errors shows that most of the models have a bias towards the southwest. The MFM has a very large westward bias for low-latitude storms which results from a fast-speed bias in that region. NHC83 has relatively small speed and directional baises, while CLIPER and SANBAR have slow .
Dynamics of viscoelastic pipe flow at low Reynolds numbers in the maximum drag reduction limit

Polymer additives can substantially reduce the drag of turbulent flows and the upper limit, the so-called state of ‘maximum drag reduction’ (MDR), is to a good approximation independent of the type of polymer and solvent used. Until recently, the consensus was that, in this limit, flows are in a marginal state where only a minimal level of turbulence activity persists. Observations in direct numerical simulations at low Reynolds numbers ( $Re$ ) using minimal sized channels appeared to support this view and reported long ‘hibernation’ periods where turbulence is marginalized. In simulations of pipe flow at $Re$ near transition we find that, indeed, with increasing Weissenberg number ( $Wi$ ), turbulence expresses long periods of hibernation if the domain size is small. However, with increasing pipe length, the temporal hibernation continuously alters to spatio-temporal intermittency and here the flow consists of turbulent puffs surrounded by laminar flow. Moreover, upon an increase in $Wi$ , the flow fully relaminarizes, in agreement with recent experiments. At even larger $Wi$ , a different instability is encountered causing a drag increase towards MDR. Our findings hence link earlier minimal flow unit simulations with recent experiments and confirm that the addition of polymers initially suppresses Newtonian turbulence and leads to a reverse transition. The MDR state on the other hand results at these low $Re$ from a separate instability and the underlying dynamics corresponds to the recently proposed state of elasto-inertial turbulence.
Ginsenoside Rg1 Nanoparticles Induce Demethylation of H3K27me3 in VEGF-A and Jagged 1 Promoter Regions to Activate Angiogenesis After Ischemic Stroke

Background Compared with traditional drugs, nanomaterial drugs have the benefits of improving the solubility, bioavailability, and absorption rate of insoluble drugs. Nanoporous complexes can increase the efficiency with which drugs can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and reach target organs. Ginsenoside Rg1 is an effective drug that promotes angiogenesis. Ginsenoside Rg1 composite nanoparticles were employed to induce the expression of several key epigenetic enzymes and then activate the VEGF and Notch pathways after the onset of ischemic brain lesions. Methods We constructed nanoparticles to fully encapsulate the therapeutic drug (ginsenoside Rg1), which can be transferred into brain tissue via the receptor-mediated transfer of drug-encapsulated nanoparticles. Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of ginsenoside Rg1 complex nanovesicles (CNV) was performed by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR), Western blot, immunohistochemistry staining (IHC), and Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) were employed to screen for epigenetic enzymes with an up-regulated expression post ginsenoside Rg1-CNV intervention. RNA sequencing, shRNA knockdown, and chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing were performed to detect the target genes of ginsenoside Rg1-CNV that regulate angiogenesis. Then, bioinformatic analysis was performed to investigate the mechanism of action of epigenetic modifying enzymes in regulating target genes. Results The average of the synthesized ginsenoside Rg1-CNV was 203.78±6.83 nm, the polydispersion index was 0.135±0.007, and the Zeta potential was 23.13±1.65 mV. Through in vivo and in vitro experiments, we found that it promotes the proliferation, migration, and tubular formation of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). Meanwhile, the intervention of ginsenoside Rg1-CNV promoted the demethylation of H3K27me3 within the promoter region of VEGF-A and Jagged1 genes and reduced the H3K27me3 modification within this region. Conclusion The ginsenoside Rg1 nanoparticles may be an available blood-brain barrier penetrating agent for ischemic stroke.
The implications of a companion enhanced wind on millisecond pulsar production

The most frequently seen binary companions to millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are helium white dwarfs (He WDs). The standard rejuvenation mechanism, in which a low- to intermediate-mass companion to a neutron star fills its Roche lobe between central hydrogen exhaustion and core helium ignition, is the most plausible formation mechanism. We have investigated whether the observed population can realistically be formed via this mechanism. We used the Cambridge STARS code to make models of Case B RLOF with Reimers' mass loss from the donor. We find that the range of initial orbital periods required to produce the currently observed range of orbital periods of MSPs is extremely narrow. To reduce this fine tuning, we introduce a companion enhanced wind (CEW) that strips the donor of its envelope more quickly so that systems can detach at shorter periods. Our models indicate that the fine tuning can be significantly reduced if a CEW is active. Because significant mass is lost owing to a CEW we expect some binary pulsars to accrete less than the 0.1Msun needed to spin them up to millisecond periods. This can account for mildly recycled pulsars present along the entire Mc-Porb relation. Systems with Pspin > 30ms are consistent with this but too few of these mildly recycled pulsars have yet been observed to make a significant comparison.
Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Al-Impurity Effect on the Hydrogenation Behavior of Mg

In this paper, we study the influence of hydrogen concentration on the binding energies in magnesium hydrides. The impact of aluminum atom addition on the hydrogenation behavior of magnesium was theoretically and experimentally defined. Doping Al into the Mg lattice allows the uniform hydrogen distribution in both the fcc and bcc Mg lattice at a low hydrogen concentration (H:Mg < 0.875) to be more energetically favorable. In addition, this leads to bcc Mg lattice formation with a uniform hydrogen distribution, which is more energetically favorable than the fcc Mg lattice when the atomic ratio H:Mg is near 0.875. In addition, compared with the pure Mg, in the Al-doped Mg, the phase transition from the hcp to the fcc structure with a uniform distribution of H atoms induces less elastic strain. Thus, the uniform hydrogen distribution is more favorable, leading to faster hydrogen absorption. Pure magnesium is characterized by cluster-like hydrogen distribution, which decreases the hydrogen diffusion rate. This leads to the accumulation of a higher hydrogen concentration in magnesium with aluminum compared with pure magnesium under the same hydrogenation regimes, which is confirmed experimentally.
AEGIS: Host Galaxy Morphologies of X-Ray-selected and Infrared-selected Active Galactic Nuclei at 0.2 ≤ z < 1.2

We visually and quantitatively determine the host galaxy morphologies of 94 intermediate-redshift (0.2 ≤ z < 1.2) active galactic nuclei (AGNs), selected using Chandra X-ray data and Spitzer mid-infrared data in the Extended Groth Strip. Using recently developed morphology measures, the second-order moment of the brightest 20% of a galaxy's flux (M20) and the Gini coefficient, we find that X-ray-selected AGNs mostly reside in E/S0/Sa galaxies (53%), while IR-selected AGNs show no clear preference for host morphology. X-ray-selected AGN hosts are members of close pairs more often than the field population by a factor of 3.3 ± 1.4, but most of these pair members appear to be undisturbed early-type galaxies and do not tend to show direct evidence of gravitational perturbations or interactions. Thus, the activation mechanism for AGN activity remains unknown, even for pair members.
Searching for the Physical Drivers of the Eigenvector 1 Correlation Space

We recently discussed an Eigenvector 1 (E1) parameter space that provides optimal discrimination between the principal classes of broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs). In this paper we begin a search for the most important physical parameters that are likely to govern correlations and data point distribution in E1 space. We focus on the principal optical parameter plane involving the width of the Hβ broad component [FWHM(HβBC)] and the equivalent width ratio between the Fe II blend at 4570 Å and HβBC. We show that the observed correlation for radio-quiet sources can be accounted for if it is primarily driven by the ratio of AGN luminosity to black hole mass (L/M ∝ Eddington ratio) convolved with source orientation. L/M apparently drives the radio-quiet correlation only for FWHM(Hβ) ≲ 4000 km s-1, which includes narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies and can be said to define an AGN "main sequence. " Source orientation plays an increasingly important role as FWHM(HβBC) increases. We also argue that AGNs lying outside the radio-quiet main sequence, and specifically those with optical Fe II much stronger than expected for a given FWHM(HβBC), may all be broad absorption line QSOs.