Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Analysis and Magnetic Properties of FeCo Alloys Obtained by Mechanical Alloying

A systematic study on the structural and magnetic properties of alloys (, in wt. percent) obtained by mechanical alloying is presented. Elemental powders of Fe and Co mixed in an adequate weight ratio were milled at room temperature in a shaker mixer mill using vials and balls of hardened steel as milling media with a ball : powder weight ratio of 12 : 1. The mixtures were milled for 3 h. The results show that, after milling, for almost all the composition (up to ), solid solutions based on bcc structures were obtained. For Co-rich alloys (), different phases were found, revealing the formation of a metastable intermetallic phase (FeCo, wairauite) together with fcc-Co and hcp-Co phases. The specific saturation magnetization increases by increasing Co content, reaching a maximum value of 225 emu/g for hcp-Fe70Co30, and then it shows a diminution up to 154 emu/g for bcc-Fe30Co70. All studied alloys () present low coercivity, in the range from 0 to 65 Oe, which is lower than reported. The coercivity increases with the increment in Co, reaching a maximum of 64.1 Oe for Fe40Co60. After that, the coercivity falls up to 24.5 Oe for Co-rich alloys, which make them a very low coercive material.
Performance of Segmented Thermoelectric Cooler Micro-Elements with Different Geometric Shapes and Temperature-Dependent Properties

In this work, the influences of the Thomson effect and the geometry of the p-type segmented leg on the performance of a segmented thermoelectric microcooler (STEMC) were examined. The effects of geometry and the material configuration of the p-type segmented leg on the cooling power (Qc) and coefficient of performance (COP) were investigated. The influence of the cross-sectional area ratio of the two joined segments on the device performance was also evaluated. We analyzed a one-dimensional p-type segmented leg model composed of two different semiconductor materials, Bi2Te3 and (Bi0.5Sb0.5)2Te3. Considering the three most common p-type leg geometries, we studied both single-material systems (using the same material for both segments) and segmented systems (using different materials for each segment). The COP, Qc and temperature profile were evaluated for each of the modeled geometric configurations under a fixed temperature gradient of ΔT = 30 K. The performances of the STEMC were evaluated using two models, namely the constant-properties material (CPM) and temperature-dependent properties material (TDPM) models, considering the thermal conductivity (κ(T)), electrical conductivity (σ(T)) and Seebeck coefficient (α(T)). We considered the influence of the Thomson effect on COP and Qc using the TDPM model. The results revealed the optimal material configurations for use in each segment of the p-type leg. According to the proposed geometric models, the optimal leg geometry and electrical current for maximum performance were determined. After consideration of the Thomson effect, the STEMC system was found to deliver a maximum cooling power that was 5.10% higher than that of the single-material system. The results showed that the inverse system (where the material with a higher Seebeck coefficient is used for the first segment) delivered a higher performance than the direct system, with improvements in the COP and Qc of 6.67% and 29.25%, respectively. Finally, analysis of the relationship between the areas of the STEMC segments demonstrated that increasing the cross-sectional area in the second segment led to improvements in the COP and Qc of 16.67% and 8.03%, respectively.
Colloidal Processing and Fracture Strength of Alumina Prepared from Partially Agglomerated Theta-Phase Powder

One highly pure θ-Al2O3 powder (APA-0.2) with large surface area, but with partial agglomeration, was colloidally processed to prepare samples with uniform microstructure and high strength. A dispersant, semicarbazide hydrochloride (S-HCl) and two preparing methods, ball-milling and turbomixing, were utilized to disperse alumina agglomerates in aqueous solution. With an air-pressure-casting and step-sintering schedule, fine-grain alumina of average grain size 2. 5μm, average four-point bending strength of 506MPa, and reproducible Weibull distribution (modulus=12) were obtained. The ζ-potential of APA-0.2 powder, the rheology of the slurries, green density, porosity and sintering properties of the powder were presented and discussed. Properties of green and sintered APA-0.2, including fracture strength, were compared with that of samples prepared from A-16SG powder.
Comparison of surface matching and target matching for image‐guided pelvic radiation therapy for both supine and prone patient positions

We investigate the difference between surface matching and target matching for pelvic radiation image guidance. The uniqueness of our study is that all patients have multiple CT‐on‐rails (CTOR) scans to compare to corresponding AlignRT images. Ten patients receiving pelvic radiation were enrolled in this study. Two simulation CT scans were performed in supine and prone positions for each patient. Body surface contours were generated in treatment planning system and exported to AlignRT to serve as reference images. During treatment day, the patient was aligned to treatment isocenter with room lasers, and then scanned with both CTOR and AlignRT. Image‐guidance shifts were calculated for both modalities by comparison to the simulation CT and the differences between them were analyzed for both supine and prone positions, respectively. These procedures were performed for each patient once per week for five weeks. The difference of patient displacement between AlignRT and CTOR was analyzed. For supine position, five patients had an average difference of displacement between AlignRT and CTOR along any direction (vertical, longitudinal, and lateral) greater than 0.5 cm, and one patient greater than 1 cm. Four patients had a maximum difference greater than 1 cm. For prone position, seven patients had an average difference greater than 0.5 cm, and three patients greater than 1 cm. Nine patients had a maximum difference greater than 1 cm. The difference of displacement between AlignRT and CTOR was greater for the prone position than for the supine position. For the patients studied here, surface matching does not appear to be an advisable image‐guidance approach for pelvic radiation therapy for patients with either supine or prone position. There appears to be a potential for large alignment discrepancies (up to 2.25 cm) between surface matching and target matching. PACS number(s): 87.55. ‐x
Asymmetry between the superior and inferior endplates is a risk factor for lumbar disc degeneration

Endplate pathology plays an important role in the development of lumbar disc degeneration. Previous research paid little attention to differences between the superior and inferior endplates as a possible risk factor for disc degeneration. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that asymmetry between the superior and inferior endplates is a risk factor for the development of lumbar disc degeneration. A total of 134 patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and 100 healthy adults (“Controls”) underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans. Each disc was categorized as non‐degenerated (Pfirrmann grades I–II) or degenerated (Pfirrmann grades III–V) and get the following three groups: “Degenerated LDH” discs (n = 145), “Non‐degenerated LDH” discs (n = 525) and “Non‐degenerated Control” discs (n = 500). On mid‐sagittal image, the lumbar endplate morphology could be categorized into three types: Flat, concave, and irregular. Superior and inferior endplates of a given disc were “symmetric” if both were of the same type, and “asymmetric” if they were of different types. The proportion of asymmetric endplates at L4–5 was higher in the “Degenerated LDH” discs group (47%) than in the “Non‐degenerated LDH” discs group (21%) or “Non‐degenerated Control” discs group (7%) (p < 0.05). At L5‐S1 the proportions were 73%, 55%, and 38% (p < 0.05). Asymmetry of superior and inferior endplates in the mid‐sagittal plane is a risk factor for lumbar disc degeneration. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2469–2475, 2018.
Intermittency and the Value of Renewable Energy

A key problem with solar energy is intermittency: solar generators produce only when the sun is shining, adding to social costs and requiring electricity system operators to reoptimize key decisions. We develop a method to quantify the economic value of large-scale renewable energy. We estimate the model for southeastern Arizona. Not accounting for offset carbon dioxide, we find social costs of $138.40 per megawatt hour for 20 percent solar generation, of which unforecastable intermittency accounts for $6.10 and intermittency overall for $46.00. With solar installation costs of $1.52 per watt and carbon dioxide social costs of $39.00 per ton, 20 percent solar would be welfare neutral.
A Comprehensive Study for the Power Flow Controller Used in Railway Power Systems

Essential imbalance and fluctuation of the mobile train load draw some problems, e.g., three-phase unbalance, reactive power, voltage and load fluctuation, harmonics, etc. in both public and train supply networks (TSNs). Railway power flow controller (RPFC)'s good performance on dealing with those problems has been convinced in practice these years. However, as the primary task in commercialization, how to qualitatively determine RPFC's design capacity with high cost efficiency and how to comprehensively assess its performance in the design stage have perplexed engineers for many years. To solve those problems in both planning and real-time executing processes, this paper focuses on an RPFC design capacity optimization strategy for grid-connection compatibility and operating performance improvement in terms of both the utility and the TSN. The strategy not only makes a railway substation satisfy the grid-connection standards with high calculating efficiency, but also renders the RPFC to have the minimum design capacity, the excellent feeder voltage control ability, the good fixed capacitor installing prospect, and the high operating efficiency on the targets of reducing the investment and enhancing the transportation ability. The generic models, the industry-oriented design and the quantitative analysis, discussed in this paper give an insight for those concerned based on a balance transformer. Future RPFC projects on serviced railway power systems will benefit from the proposed methodology.
On Bijective Variants of the Burrows-Wheeler Transform

The sort transform (ST) is a modification of the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT). Both transformations map an arbitrary word of length n to a pair consisting of a word of length n and an index between 1 and n. The BWT sorts all rotation conjugates of the input word, whereas the ST of order k only uses the first k letters for sorting all such conjugates. If two conjugates start with the same prefix of length k, then the indices of the rotations are used for tie-breaking. Both transforms output the sequence of the last letters of the sorted list and the index of the input within the sorted list. In this paper, we discuss a bijective variant of the BWT (due to Scott), proving its correctness and relations to other results due to Gessel and Reutenauer (1993) and Crochemore, Desarmenien, and Perrin (2005). Further, we present a novel bijective variant of the ST.
The widening spectrum of celiac disease 1 , 2

Celiac disease is a permanent intolerance to ingested gluten that results in immunologically mediated inflammatory damage to the small-intestinal mucosa. Celiac disease is associated with both human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and nonHLA genes and with other immune disorders, notably juvenile diabetes and thyroid disease. The classic sprue syndrome of steatorrhea and malnutrition coupled with multiple deficiency states may be less common than more subtle and often monosymptomatic presentations of the disease. Diverse problems such as dental anomalies, short stature, osteopenic bone disease, lactose intolerance, infertility, and nonspecific abdominal pain among many others may be the only manifestations of celiac disease. The rate at which celiac disease is diagnosed depends on the level of suspicion for the disease. Although diagnosis relies on intestinal biopsy findings, serologic tests are useful as screening tools and as an adjunct to diagnosis. The treatment of celiac disease is lifelong avoidance of dietary gluten. Gluten-free diets are now readily achievable with appropriate professional instruction and community support. Both benign and malignant complications of celiac disease occur but these can often be avoided by early diagnosis and compliance with a gluten-free diet. Am J Clin Nutr1999;69:354–65.
Antimicrobial Peptides as Anti-Infectives against Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus epidermidis has emerged as the main causative agent for graft-related and nosocomial infections. Rampant use of antibiotics and biofilm formed by the organism results in poor penetration of the drug and further aggravates the antibiotic resistance, emphasizing an urgent need to explore alternative treatment modalities. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), produced as effector molecules of the innate immunity of living organisms, have therapeutic potential that can be used to inhibit the growth of microbes. In addition, the susceptibility of a microbe to become resistant to an AMP is relatively low. The AMPs are amphipathic peptides of 12-100 residues, which have broad-spectrum activity against microbes. There are scattered reports of AMPs listed against S. epidermidis and there is an urgent need to systematically study the AMPs. Various natural AMPs as well as synthetic peptides have been investigated against S. epidermidis. These peptides have been shown to inhibit both planktonic culture and S. epidermidis biofilm effectively. The multiple modes of action in killing the organism minimize the chances for the development of resistance. This review focused on various natural and synthetic peptides that demonstrate activity against S. epidermidis.
Human-Eye Tracking and Location Algorithm Based on AdaBoost-STC and RF

In this paper, a new method of human eye tracking was proposed based on spatial temporal context tracking (STC) algorithm and random forest (RF) in order to meet the above technical requirements. The new method uses AdaBoost face detection, STC face tracking, RF human eye positioning structure (AdaBoost-STC-RF). The results show that the new method effectively improves the tracking speed without changing the tracking accuracy and robustness
Myosin IIA interacts with the spectrin-actin membrane skeleton to control red blood cell membrane curvature and deformability

Significance The biconcave disk shape and deformability of the mammalian RBC are vital to its circulatory function and rely upon a 2D viscoelastic spectrin–F-actin network attached to the membrane. A role for nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) contractility in generating tension in this network and controlling RBC shape has not been tested. We show that NMIIA forms bipolar filaments in RBCs, which associate with F-actin at the membrane. NMIIA motor activity regulates interactions with the spectrin–F-actin network to control RBC biconcave shape and deformability. These results provide a previously undescribed mechanism for actomyosin force generation at the plasma membrane, and may apply to spectrin–F-actin–based membrane skeleton networks in other cell types, such as neurons and polarized epithelial cells. The biconcave disk shape and deformability of mammalian RBCs rely on the membrane skeleton, a viscoelastic network of short, membrane-associated actin filaments (F-actin) cross-linked by long, flexible spectrin tetramers. Nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) motors exert force on diverse F-actin networks to control cell shapes, but a function for NMII contractility in the 2D spectrin–F-actin network of RBCs has not been tested. Here, we show that RBCs contain membrane skeleton-associated NMIIA puncta, identified as bipolar filaments by superresolution fluorescence microscopy. MgATP disrupts NMIIA association with the membrane skeleton, consistent with NMIIA motor domains binding to membrane skeleton F-actin and contributing to membrane mechanical properties. In addition, the phosphorylation of the RBC NMIIA heavy and light chains in vivo indicates active regulation of NMIIA motor activity and filament assembly, while reduced heavy chain phosphorylation of membrane skeleton-associated NMIIA indicates assembly of stable filaments at the membrane. Treatment of RBCs with blebbistatin, an inhibitor of NMII motor activity, decreases the number of NMIIA filaments associated with the membrane and enhances local, nanoscale membrane oscillations, suggesting decreased membrane tension. Blebbistatin-treated RBCs also exhibit elongated shapes, loss of membrane curvature, and enhanced deformability, indicating a role for NMIIA contractility in promoting membrane stiffness and maintaining RBC biconcave disk cell shape. As structures similar to the RBC membrane skeleton exist in many metazoan cell types, these data demonstrate a general function for NMII in controlling specialized membrane morphology and mechanical properties through contractile interactions with short F-actin in spectrin–F-actin networks.
Drain Current Model for Hetero-Dielectric Based TFET Architectures: Accumulation to Inversion Mode Analysis

The paper presents an in-depth study of device physics and development of a generalized model (Accumulation-Depletion-Inversion Mode) for Hetero-Dielectric based TFET Architecture. A comparative study among single dielectric (high-k and low-k dielectric materials) and dual-dielectric (Hetero-Dielectric) based p-i-n and p-n-i-n TFET architectures has also been made. The model includes the impact of dielectric length variation and mobile charge carriers which has been validated through the Vgs and Vds dependent effective potential at the channel center of the device. Several physics based parameters such as surface potential, energy band profile, total electric field and drain current (both Ids-Vds and Ids-Vds) have also been investigated. Further, the model has been extended to optimize the Hetero-Dielectric p-n-i-n TFET by tuning the gate work function and length of the dielectric material. While optimization various static parameters such as Subthreshold Swing (SS), threshold voltage, Ion/Ioff ratio and dynamic performance parameters (parasitic capacitances) i.e. total gate capacitance (Cgg), gate to source capacitance (Cgs) and gate to drain capacitance (Cgd) have been investigated. The efficacy of the model has been validated through simulation results obtained using ATLAS device simulator.
Memory Hierarchy for Web Search

Online data-intensive services, such as search, serve billions of users, utilize millions of cores, and comprise a significant and growing portion of datacenter-scale workloads. However, the complexity of these workloads and their proprietary nature has precluded detailed architectural evaluations and optimizations of processor design trade-offs. We present the first detailed study of the memory hierarchy for the largest commercial search engine today. We use a combination of measurements from longitudinal studies across tens of thousands of deployed servers, systematic microarchitectural evaluation on individual platforms, validated trace-driven simulation, and performance modeling – all driven by production workloads servicing real-world user requests. Our data quantifies significant differences between production search and benchmarks commonly used in the architecture community. We identify the memory hierarchy as an important opportunity for performance optimization, and present new insights pertaining to how search stresses the cache hierarchy, both for instructions and data. We show that, contrary to conventional wisdom, there is significant reuse of data that is not captured by current cache hierarchies, and discuss why this precludes state-of-the-art tiled and scale-out architectures. Based on these insights, we rethink a new cache hierarchy optimized for search that trades off the inefficient use of L3 cache transistors for higher-performance cores, and adds a latency-optimized on-package eDRAM L4 cache. Compared to state-of-the-art processors, our proposed design performs 27% to 38% better.
EfrEF and the Transcription Regulator ChlR Are Required for Chlorhexidine Stress Response in Enterococcus faecalis V583

ABSTRACT Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen and leading cause of health care-associated infections. Daily chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) bathing of patients is generally regarded as an effective strategy to reduce the occurrence of health care-associated infections. It is likely that E. faecalis is frequently exposed to inhibitory and subinhibitory concentrations of CHG in clinical settings. The goal of this study was to investigate how the vancomycin-resistant strain E. faecalis V583 transcriptionally responds to and tolerates stress from CHG. We used transcriptome (microarray) analysis to identify genes upregulated by E. faecalis V583 in response to CHG. The genes efrE (EF2226) and efrF (EF2227), encoding a heterodimeric ABC transport system, were the most highly upregulated genes. efrEF expression was induced by CHG at concentrations several 2-fold dilutions below the MIC. Deletion of efrEF increased E. faecalis V583 susceptibility to CHG. We found that ChlR, a MerR-like regulator encoded by a sequence upstream of efrEF, mediated the CHG-dependent upregulation of efrEF, and deletion of chlR also increased chlorhexidine susceptibility. Overall, our study gives insight into E. faecalis stress responses to a commonly used antiseptic.
Energy load forecast using S2S deep neural networks with k-Shape clustering

Ensuring sustainability demands more precise energy management to minimize energy wastage. With the deployment of smart grids that provide a huge amount of data, new methods of machine learning come to light to ensure more precise predictions. With the huge amount of data, deep learning methods which require a huge amount of data, are starting to show promise with increasing accuracy. In this paper, we present a methodology for predicting time series which uses Deep Neural Networks, specifically Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm with a Sequence to Sequence (S2S) architecture. We improve the prediction accuracy, when predicting the aggregated load of the network, by using the k-Shape clustering algorithm to create groups of consumers that are easier to predict. The methods described in this paper were tested on real world data of electricity consumption of Slovak enterprises.
Embedding Session Types in HML

Recent work on the enhancement of multiparty session types with logical annotations enable the effective verification of properties on (1) the structure of the conversations, (2) the sorts of the messages, and (3) the actual values exchanged. In [3] we extend this work to enable the specification and verification of mutual effects of multiple cross-session interactions. Here we give a sound and complete embedding into the Hennessy-Milner logic to justify the expressiveness of the approach in [3] and to provide it with a logical background that will enable us to compare it with similar approaches.