Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From LiDAR to Underground Maps via 5G - Business Models Enabling a System-of-Systems Approach to Mapping the Kankberg Mine

With ever-increasing productivity targets in mining operations, there is a growing interest in mining automation. The PIMM project addresses the fundamental challenge of network communication by constructing a pilot 5G network in the underground mine Kankberg. In this report, we discuss how such a 5G network could constitute the essential infrastructure to organize existing systems in Kankberg into a system-of-systems (SoS). In this report, we analyze a scenario in which LiDAR equipped vehicles operating in the mine are connected to existing mine mapping and positioning solutions. The approach is motivated by the approaching era of remote controlled, or even autonomous, vehicles in mining operations. The proposed SoS could ensure continuously updated maps of Kankberg, rendered in unprecedented detail, supporting both productivity and safety in the underground mine. We present four different SoS solutions from an organizational point of view, discussing how development and operations of the constituent systems could be distributed among Boliden and external stakeholders, e.g., the vehicle suppliers, the hauling company, and the developers of the mapping software. The four scenarios are compared from both technical and business perspectives, and based on trade-off discussions and SWOT analyses. We conclude our report by recommending continued research along two future paths, namely a closer cooperation with the vehicle suppliers, and further feasibility studies regarding establishing a Kankberg software ecosystem.
The evolution of duplicate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes in Drosophila.

In Drosophila melanogaster there are two genes which encode the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), Gapdh-43E and Gapdh-13F. We have shown that Gapdh-43E codes for the GAPDH subunit with an apparently larger molecular weight while Gapdh-13F encodes the GAPDH subunit having an apparently smaller molecular weight. Immunoblots of sodium dodecyl sulfate gels were used to survey species from throughout the genus and results indicated that two classes of GAPDH subunits are present only in Drosophila species of the melanogaster and takahashi subgroups of the melanogaster group. Only the smaller subunit is found in species of the obscura group while all other species have only a large subunit. Drosophila hydei was analyzed at the DNA level as a representative species of the subgenus Drosophila. The genome of this species has a single Gapdh gene which is localized at a cytogenetic position likely to be homologous to Gapdh-43 E of D. melanogaster. Comparison of its sequence with the sequence of the D. melanogaster Gapdh genes indicates that the two genes of D. melanogaster are more similar to one another than either is to the gene from D. hydei. The Gapdh gene from D. hydei contains an intron following codon 29. Neither Gapdh gene of D. melanogaster has an intron within the coding region. Southern blots of genomic DNA were used to determine which species have duplicate Gapdh genomic sequences. Gene amplification was used to determine which species have a Gapdh gene that is interrupted by an intron. Species of the subgenus Drosophila have a single Gapdh gene with an intron. Species of the willistoni and saltans groups have a single Gapdh gene that does not contain an intron. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE GLOBULAR CLUSTER SYSTEM IN M87: A WIDE-FIELD STUDY WITH CFHT/MEGACAM

Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Megacam data in (g′, r′, i′) are used to obtain deep, wide-field photometry of the globular cluster system (GCS) around M87. A total of 6200 GCs brighter than i′ = 23.0 (roughly equivalent to MI = −8.5) are included in the study, essentially containing almost the entire bright half of the total GC population in the galaxy. The classic bimodal metal-poor and metal-rich sequences of GCs show up clearly. While the spatial distribution of the GCs can be traced detectably outward to Rgc ≃ 100 kpc and perhaps further, the blue, metal-poor subpopulation is very much more spatially extended than the red subpopulation. Both the red and blue GC subsystems have radial metallicity gradients, where mean heavy-element abundance scales with a projected galactocentric distance as Z ∼ R−0.12 (blue) and R−0.17 (red). The blue sequence exhibits a strongly significant mass/metallicity relation (MMR) in which the mean metallicity gradually increases with cluster luminosity as Z ∼ L0.25 ± 0.05 for the luminosity range MI ≲ −10 and the assumption of a constant M/L. However, this relation is also clearly nonlinear: fainter than this level, the sequence is more nearly vertical. This mass/metallicity trend can be understood as the result of self-enrichment within the most massive metal-poor GCs during their formation. The red sequence formally exhibits a negatively sloped MMR, but the numerical solutions and tests show that this red-GC slope is not very significant. In giant elliptical galaxies, the red GCs are likely to represent a broad composite population formed during several major starbursts. If so, the red sequence might display a population-based MMR that could in principle be either positive or negative.
Finding Correlated Equilibria in General Sum Stochastic Games

Often problems arise where multiple self-interested agents with individual goals can coordinate their actions to improve their outcomes. We model these problems as general sum stochastic games. We develop a tractable approximation algorithm for computing subgame-perfect correlated equilibria in these games. Our algorithm is an extension of standard dynamic programming methods like value iteration and Q-learning. And, it is conservative: while it is not guaranteed to find all value vectors achievable in correlated equilibrium, any policy which it does find is guaranteed to be an exact equilibrium of the stochastic game (to within limits of accuracy which depend on the number of backups and not on the approximation scheme). Our new algorithm is based on the planning algorithm of [1]. That algorithm computes subgame-perfect Nash equilibria, but assumes that it is given a set of “punishment policies” as input. Our new algorithm requires only the description of the game, an important improvement since suitable punishment policies may be difficult to come by.
The Anion Gap is a Predictive Clinical Marker for Death in Patients with Acute Pesticide Intoxication

Pesticide formulation includes solvents (methanol and xylene) and antifreeze (ethylene glycol) whose metabolites are anions such as formic acid, hippuric acid, and oxalate. However, the effect of the anion gap on clinical outcome in acute pesticide intoxication requires clarification. In this prospective study, we compared the anion gap and other parameters between surviving versus deceased patients with acute pesticide intoxication. The following parameters were assessed in 1,058 patients with acute pesticide intoxication: blood chemistry (blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, lactic acid, liver enzymes, albumin, globulin, and urate), urinalysis (ketone bodies), arterial blood gas analysis, electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl- HCO3-, Ca++), pesticide field of use, class, and ingestion amount, clinical outcome (death rate, length of hospital stay, length of intensive care unit stay, and seriousness of toxic symptoms), and the calculated anion gap. Among the 481 patients with a high anion gap, 52.2% had a blood pH in the physiologic range, 35.8% had metabolic acidosis, and 12.1% had acidemia. Age, anion gap, pesticide field of use, pesticide class, seriousness of symptoms (all P < 0.001), and time lag after ingestion (P = 0.048) were significant risk factors for death in univariate analyses. Among these, age, anion gap, and pesticide class were significant risk factors for death in a multiple logistic regression analysis (P < 0.001). In conclusions, high anion gap is a significant risk factor for death, regardless of the accompanying acid-base balance status in patients with acute pesticide intoxication.
K+ secretion across frog skin. Induction by removal of basolateral Cl-

We examined the development of K+ secretion after removing Cl- from the basolateral surface of isolated skins of Rana temporaria using noise analysis. K+ secretion was defined by the appearance of a Lorentzian component in the power density spectrum (PDS) when Ba2+ was present in the apical bath (0.5 mM). No Lorentzians were observed when tissues were bathed in control, NaCl Ringer solution. Replacement of basolateral Cl- by gluconate, nitrate, or SO4- (0-Clb) yielded Lorentzians with corner frequencies near 25 Hz, and plateau values (So) that were used to estimate the magnitude of K+ secretion through channels in the apical cell membranes of the principal cells. The response was reversible and reproducible. In contrast, removing apical Cl- did not alter the PDS. Reduction of basolateral Cl- to 11.5 mM induced Lorentzians, but with lower values of So. Inhibition of Na+ transport with amiloride or by omitting apical Na+ depressed K+ secretion but did not prevent its appearance in response to 0-Clb. Using microelectrodes, we observed depolarization of the intracellular voltage concomitant with increased resistance of the basolateral membrane after 0-Clb. Basolateral application of Ba2+ to depolarize cells also induced K+ secretion. Because apical conductance and channel density are unchanged after 0-Clb, we conclude that K+ secretion is "induced" simply by an increase of the electrical driving force for K+ exit across this membrane. Repolarization of the apical membrane after 0-Clb eliminated K+ secretion, while further depolarization increased the magnitude of the secretory current. The cell depolarization after 0- Clb is most likely caused directly by a decrease of the basolateral membrane K+ conductance. Ba2(+)-induced Lorentzians also were elicited by basolateral hypertonic solutions but with lower values of So, indicating that cell shrinkage per se could not entirely account for the response to 0-Clb and that the effects of 0-Clb may be partly related to a fall of intracellular Cl-.
A Historical Overview of the Classification, Evolution, and Dispersion of Leishmania Parasites and Sandflies

Background The aim of this study is to describe the major evolutionary historical events among Leishmania, sandflies, and the associated animal reservoirs in detail, in accordance with the geographical evolution of the Earth, which has not been previously discussed on a large scale. Methodology and Principal Findings Leishmania and sandfly classification has always been a controversial matter, and the increasing number of species currently described further complicates this issue. Despite several hypotheses on the origin, evolution, and distribution of Leishmania and sandflies in the Old and New World, no consistent agreement exists regarding dissemination of the actors that play roles in leishmaniasis. For this purpose, we present here three centuries of research on sandflies and Leishmania descriptions, as well as a complete description of Leishmania and sandfly fossils and the emergence date of each Leishmania and sandfly group during different geographical periods, from 550 million years ago until now. We discuss critically the different approaches that were used for Leishmana and sandfly classification and their synonymies, proposing an updated classification for each species of Leishmania and sandfly. We update information on the current distribution and dispersion of different species of Leishmania (53), sandflies (more than 800 at genus or subgenus level), and animal reservoirs in each of the following geographical ecozones: Palearctic, Nearctic, Neotropic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Malagasy, and Australian. We propose an updated list of the potential and proven sandfly vectors for each Leishmania species in the Old and New World. Finally, we address a classical question about digenetic Leishmania evolution: which was the first host, a vertebrate or an invertebrate? Conclusions and Significance We propose an updated view of events that have played important roles in the geographical dispersion of sandflies, in relation to both the Leishmania species they transmit and the animal reservoirs of the parasites.
An Efficient Time-Bound Access Control Scheme for Dynamic Access Hierarchy

Embedding user subscription time into cryptographic key generation and assignment for hierarchical access control has raised tremendous interest among researchers and practitioners in multicast, broadcast, and secure group communication fields. During the subscription period, a user of a higher class can compute the (time-bound) keys of his/her own class and also derive the keys of all its descendant classes in the access hierarchy. However, after the subscription expires, the user cannot compute/derive the keys. Unfortunately, due to the inclusion of time in the keys, existing schemes either suffer from (colluding) attacks or are only applicable to static access hierarchies. In this paper, we propose a new key generation and assignment scheme for this kind of time-bound hierarchy access control. The new scheme is able not only to prevent colluding attacks but also to support dynamics of access hierarchies in a simple and efficient way.
Surprise Search: Beyond Objectives and Novelty

Grounded in the divergent search paradigm and inspired by the principle of surprise for unconventional discovery in computational creativity, this paper introduces surprise search as a new method of evolutionary divergent search. Surprise search is tested in two robot navigation tasks and compared against objective-based evolutionary search and novelty search. The key findings of this paper reveal that surprise search is advantageous compared to the other two search processes. It outperforms objective search and it is as efficient as novelty search in both tasks examined. Most importantly, surprise search is, on average, faster and more robust in solving the navigation problem compared to objective and novelty search. Our analysis reveals that surprise search explores the behavioral space more extensively and yields higher population diversity compared to novelty search.
Comparison of the distributions of ipsilaterally and contralaterally projecting corticocortical neurons in cat visual cortex using two fluorescent tracers

Using the retrograde fluorescent tracers Fast Blue and Diamidino Yellow we have studied the callosal and ipsilateral corticocortical connections between the cat's area 17/18 border region and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian visual area (PMLS), as well as the callosal connections of each of these regions with its contralateral homologue. The main goal was to determine whether single cortical neurons project with branching axons to more than one cortical target. In addition, the double-labeling technique enabled us to examine, within a single section of cortical tissue, the relative distributions of neurons with different cortical targets. Most corticocortical neurons labeled in the area 17/18 border region and in area PMLS projected to only one of the cortical injection sites tested. When two callosal neuron types were labeled in the same area, no double-labeled neurons were found. When ipsilateral corticocortical and callosal neurons were labeled in combination, a few double-labeled neurons were found in both cortical regions examined. The most common type of double- labeled neuron was located in area PMLS and projected bilaterally to the area 17/18 border region. Our findings regarding the laminar distributions of ipsi- and contralaterally projecting neurons are in agreement with previous studies. In addition, we have found that, for callosal neurons within the upper layers of areas 17 and 18, neurons projecting to the contralateral area 17/18 border are located in the lower half of layer II/III and in upper layer IV, whereas neurons projecting to contralateral area PMLS are restricted to the lower portion of layer II/III. In addition, for callosal neurons within the deep layers of area PMLS, neurons projecting to contralateral area PMLS are located throughout layers V and VI, whereas neurons projecting to the contralateral area 17/18 border are restricted to layer VI. There are numerous other possible targets for axon collaterals not examined in this paper. However, the scarcity of neurons with multiple projections demonstrated in this study reflects the high degree of specificity of cortical connectivity. This anatomical organization may be the basis for a precise channeling of differential information at the single neuron level.
A Minimax Distribution Free Procedure for an Integrated Inventory Model with Defective Goods and Stochastic Lead Time Demand

This paper investigates the production/inventory policy in an integrated vendor-buyer inventory system with defective goods in the buyer's arrival order lot. We assume that shortages are allowed and partially backlogged on the buyer's side, and that the lead time demand distribution is unknown but has given finite first and second moments. The objective is to optimize the buyer's order quantity, reorder point and the number of shipments from vendor to buyer simultaneously in the proposed model. Since the lead time demand distribution is unknown, we apply the minimax distribution-free procedure to solve this problem. An algorithm is developed to obtain the optimal production/inventory strategy. Furthermore, numerical example is provided to illustrate the solution procedure and sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution with respect to major parameters is carried out.
To Manage Innovation, Learn the Architecture

OVERVIEW: Innovation is often perceived as an unmanageable process. At best, sophisticated selection procedures can impose discipline and guidance so as to contain costly errors. The research reported here, conducted with 923 chief technical officers and senior R&D managers, yields a more nuanced view. Innovation becomes manageable when managers move away from prescriptions that view the process as uniform and recognize that different rules and practices apply in different contexts. The main argument presented here is that product architecture has become a key element of innovation strategy. Innovation focuses not only on stand-alone items but increasingly on systemic as well as modular products and services. Product architecture interacts with market dynamics, which leads to distinct “games of innovation,” seven of which have been identified empirically. These games are not predetermined but leave ample room for creative actions.
On the Accurate Identification of Network Service Dependencies in Distributed Systems

The automated identification of network service dependencies remains a challenging problem in the administration of large distributed systems. Advances in developing solutions for this problem have immediate and tangible benefits to operators in the field. When the dependencies of the services in a network are better-understood, planning for and responding to system failures becomes more efficient, minimizing downtime and managing resources more effectively. This paper introduces three novel techniques to assist in the automatic identification of network service dependencies through passively monitoring and analyzing network traffic, including a logarithm-based ranking scheme aimed at more accurate detection of network service dependencies with lower false positives, an inference technique for identifying the dependencies involving infrequently used network services, and an approach for automated discovery of clusters of network services configured for load balancing or backup purposes. This paper also presents the experimental evaluation of these techniques using real-world traffic collected from a production network. The experimental results demonstrate that these techniques advance the state of the art in automated detection and inference of network service dependencies.
Myopic deconvolution combining Kalman filter and tracking control

In this paper, we propose a deconvolution method based on discrete-time optimal control. By combining Kalman filtering with optimal control, we state the problem in terms of a tracking problem. This leads to solve a set of recurrent equations, including in particular a matrix Riccati equation. We present a method that transforms the solution of these recurrent equations in that of a linear system of equations. Once the linear system has been set up, the deconvolution procedure becomes very fast, and permits on-line deconvolution. It is also possible to use the discrete impulse response, and perform blind deconvolution. This technique includes an L/sub 2/ or H/sub /spl infin// optimal filter. Numerical examples illustrate the robustness of the procedure.
Mining Hot Topics from Free-Text Customer Reviews An LDA-Based Approach

This study examines how the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model combined with natural language processing techniques can be used to identify hot topics from free-text customer reviews. To verify the validity of the proposed approach, 21 580 restaurant reviews are collected. Each review is viewed as a probabilistic mixture of latent topics and each topic is treated as a probability distribution over words in a vocabulary. Parameters are estimated with Gibbs sampling, and the hot topics with top words are acquired. The experiments show that this approach could produce satisfactory results.
Charge oscillations in Debye-Hückel theory

The recent generalized Debye-Huckel (GDH) theory is applied to the calculation of the charge-charge correlation function, GZZ(r). The resulting expression satisfies both i) the charge neutrality condition and ii) the Stillinger-Lovett second-moment condition for all T and ρN, the overall ion density, and iii) exhibits charge oscillations for densities above a "Kirkwood line" in the (ρN,T)-plane. This corrects the normally assumed DH charge correlations, and, when combined with the GDH analysis of the density correlations, leaves the GDH theory as the only complete description of ionic correlation functions, as judged by i)–iii), iv) exact low-density (ρN,T) variation, and v) reasonable behavior near criticality.