Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What is the ‘best’ method of forecasting?

Forecasting methods are reviewed. They may be classified into univariate, multivariate and judgemental methods, and also by whether an automatic or non-automatic approach is adopted. The choice of ‘best’ method depends on a wide variety of considerations. The use of forecasting competitions to compare the accuracy of univariate methods is discussed. The strengths and weaknesses of different univariate methods are compared, both in automatic and non-automatic mode. Some general recommendations are made as well as some suggestions for future research.
Modal properties of photonic crystal fiber for high-power two μm fiber laser systems

Optical fibers that support single mode operation while achieving large mode areas are key elements for scaling up optical powers and pulse energies of fiber lasers. Here we report on a study of the modal properties of a new-generation of polarization maintaining large-mode-area photonic crystal fibers based on the spectrally and spatially resolved (S2) imaging technique. A fiber designed for Tm fiber laser system single mode operation in the 2μm spectral range is demonstrated for coiling diameters smaller than 40cm. At shorter wavelengths in the 1. 3μm range, efficient higher order mode suppression requires tide coiling to about 20cm diameters.
Actuation Displacement of Unimorph Piezoelectric Actuators with External Loading

In real applications, unimorph piezoelectric actuators always work under a certain carrying load. The center loading configuration can be found in the recent application of LIPCA (Lightweight Piezoceramic Composite Actuator) as the artificial muscle for flapping device. LIPCA is also used with tip loading configuration in our new model of MAV elevator. The loading performance of the device should be fully understood. This paper presents a study on the actuation displacement of unimorph piezoelectric actuators with two loading conditions: center loading and tip loading. The actuation displacement of loaded unimorph piezoelectric actuators is predicted by the finite element method and observed by experiments. Surprisingly, the predictions do not show the correct tendency of behavior of the device. Two typical kinds of piezoelectric unimorph actuator, LIPCA-C3 and THUNDER, are investigated numerically and experimentally. Some remarks on the observations are presented.
Direct radiative recombination of core-hole highly excited states in CsCl

The ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{+}3d$ spectra in CsCl have been investigated in detail. The $3d\ensuremath{-}f$ transitions are less intense than the $3d\ensuremath{-}p$ transitions both in the emission and absorption spectra. Resonant emissions due to the direct radiative decay of the ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{+}{3d}^{9}{4f}^{1}$ excited state have been observed; they are asymmetrical and about fifty times less intense than the symmetrical resonant emissions seen in the La $3d$ spectrum. These differences may be explained in terms of interactions between the ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{+}$ excited state and the continuum states. This is the first evidence of a resonant x-ray emission from an autoionizing bound excitation state.
Phase relaxation of photoexcited triplet spins in CaO

Spin dephasing in the photoexcited $^{3}B_{1}$ state of the ${F}_{2}^{2+}$ center in CaO is investigated using techniques for optical detection of microwave-induced coherent transients. Measurements of the spin-echo decay were performed at different (low) temperatures and (low) magnetic field strengths. The spectral diffusion results give quantitative support for a model in which the dephasing is due to random modulation of the dipolar coupling between the excited $S=1$ spins and ${F}^{+}$-center spins of $S=\frac{1}{2}$. A projection operator formalism is used to treat the dipolar-induced dephasing. The theory also allows for the experimental determination of the ${F}^{+}$-center spin-dephasing rate. It appears that between 1 and 10 K the phenomenon of one-phonon assisted exchange narrowing occurs in the ${F}^{+}$-center spin ensemble.
Optimization of QuEChERS and high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection conditions to assess the impact of preparation procedures on EU priority PAHs in coffee samples and their PAHs consumption risk

The good performance conditions for determination of EU priority PAHs in coffee samples were established to evaluate the effects of roasting degree on the PAHs in coffee beans and the brewing methods on the PAHs transfer from coffee beans to their brews. The consumption risk of the PAHs in coffee products was also assessed. The PAHs levels of the roasted coffee beans were in the order: 923.65 ng/g (dark roast) > 132.20 ng/g (medium roast) > 69.28 ng/g (light roast). Compared with general brewing with the drip bag (PAHs content, 0.30–0.62 ng/mL in coffee brews), the coffee machine brewing (set at 4 bar) induced higher PAHs release into coffee brews (PAHs content, 0.36–2.14 ng/g). The PAHs amounts of the commercial brewed and canned coffee products were 0.32–1.23 ng/g and 0.16–0.46 ng/g, respectively. The consumption risk of the PAHs in the coffee brews and products is a low level of concern.
A scientometric analysis of research trends on emerging contaminants in the field of cancer in 2012–2021

Introduction Recently, emerging contaminants have been discovered in the aquatic environment that can cause a range of human diseases, including cancer. In this study, our scientometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of emerging contaminants and cancer research from 2012 to 2021. Methods The Web of Science Core Collection Database was used to retrieve all related publications. The bibliometix R-package, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer were applied to collect information on annual citations and publications, famous journals and authors, the most productive countries and organizations, popular topics, and keywords. Results A total of 2378 publications were retrieved. The publication's output showed a gradual upward trend from 2012 to 2021. The most-cited paper was a review article by Vandenberg et al. that was published in 2012. According to the analysis results, the United States published the most articles. The closest collaboration was between the United States and China. Environmental Research and Science of The Total Environment published the most paper. It was Choi KC who was the most productive and had the highest h-index, g-index, and m-index among the authors. The most frequently used keywords were “exposure,” “endocrine-disrupting chemicals,” “endocrine disruptors,” “cancer,” “bisphenol-a,” and so on. Discussion Emerging contaminants play a significant role in cancer development. However, most studies are conducted in vivo with human cells or animal models, and relatively few are on human models. The scientometric analysis offers researchers a clear picture of the current state of research and hotspots in this field. From our study, researchers may find some hotspots that merit in-depth investigation.
Discontinuous Galerkin implementation of time‐domain finite‐element method using Crank–Nicolson scheme and complex frequency‐shifted perfectly matched layers for efficient analysis of dielectric loaded waveguide structures

This article presents the development of discontinuous Galerkin time‐domain finite‐element method (DG‐TDFEM) for modeling wideband electromagnetic response of dielectric loaded waveguide structures.The method can be considered as a kind of domain decomposition method. The hierarchical vector basis functions are used to expand the electric and magnetic fields in order to maintain high order accuracy and Crank–Nicolson difference scheme is utilized for the time‐partial equation for each subdomain. Both the electric and magnetic fields are computed in each subdomain, and only the fields on the interfaces of adjacent subdomains are directly related to each other. Thus, there is no need to solve a global matrix equation related to all boundary values. The complex frequency‐shifted perfectly matched layers are used for the truncation of unbounded solution region. Several three‐dimensional cavity and waveguide structures with dielectric loading are simulated to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. Compared to the original single‐domain problem, the size of each subdomain problem is reduced to result in a dramatic reduction of factorization time, as well as the overall computational time and peak memory usage. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2635–2642, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26349
Evaluation of an Innovative Zn Source on Feed Efficiency, Growth Performance, Skin and Bone Quality of Broilers Suffering Heat Stress

Simple Summary Heat stress is detrimental for birds, and it can affect a bird’s performance negatively. Zinc is essential in enzymes critical for the integrity of the cells involved in heat stress. Thus, it seems that using a desired source of zinc can improve the health status of birds. Abstract One thousand two hundred male broilers were used to evaluate the effect of different dosages of HiZox® on feed efficiency, growth performance and bone quality of broilers suffering from heat stress. A completely randomized design was used, with four treatments and ten replicates. Basal corn–soybean meal diets supplemented with 75, 100 and 125 mg/kg zinc from HiZox and 100 mg/kg zinc from regular ZnO were used to make four treatments. Heat stress was induced after the third week by keeping house temperature between 28–34 °C, from 1 pm until 5 pm. The body weights of the birds that received the diet supplemented with HiZox or ZnO showed no significant difference at 7 and 14 days. Body weight of heat stressed birds fed diets containing different levels of HiZox or ZnO were not different at 28 and 42 days of age. In comparison to the Ross 308 management guide, induced heat stress diminished body weight and feed intake by approximately 17 and 21%, respectively. At 28 days, chickens who received 125 mg/kg Zn from Hizox had better feed efficiency (p < 0.05). The mortality rate of heat-stressed male broiler chickens who received different dosages of HiZox was 2.85% less than that of the regular ZnO group (p < 0.06). The results showed that addition of HiZox to the diet of male broiler under heat stress doubled the skin resistance during feather plucking in the slaughter plant and improved carcass quality (p < 0.07). Tibia breaking strength, included elongation and extension were improved by consumption of a diet supplemented with 75 mg HiZox/kg (p < 0.09). The HiZox-75 fed broilers required higher amounts of energy (MJ) for tibia breaking at break and peak points at 42 days (p < 0.09; p < 0.07). Jejunum Zn concentrations reflected the quantity of ingested Zn (p < 0.0001). Gizzard Zn solubility was dependent on dietary treatment (p < 0.03). Solubility of Zn in the gizzard of chickens who received HiZox was higher (about 30%) than broilers fed regular ZnO. In conclusion, Zn from HiZox was more efficient in decreasing heat stress mortality, increasing skin resistance and bone breaking strength compared to a regular ZnO source.
Vortex-induced vibrations of a pivoted cylinder

Much of the research into vortex-induced vibrations has been dedicated to the problem of a cylinder vibrating transverse to a fluid flow ($Y$-motion). There are very few papers studying the more practical case of vibration in two degrees of freedom ($XY$-motion), or the case where there is variation of amplitude along the span of a body. The present two-degree-of-freedom pivoted cylinder apparatus represents the simplest configuration having a spanwise variation of amplitude. A central question concerns how well the results from $Y$-motion studies carry over to the case of a body in two degrees of freedom, and also how effective the quasi-uniform assumption is when there is spanwise amplitude variation. In a manner comparable with the $Y$-motion cylinder, the principal dynamics of the pivoted body are transverse to the flow. For moderate values of the product: inertia–damping or $(I^*\zeta)$, the system exhibits two amplitude response branches, and for sufficiently low $(I^*\zeta)$, three response branches appear, in strong analogy with previous results for $Y$-motion bodies. The response branches for the bodies with low $(I^*\zeta)$ correspond with both the 2S mode (two single vortices per cycle) and 2P mode (two vortex pairs per cycle) of vortex formation along the span. We also observe a clear 2S-2P hybrid mode, similar to that found for vibrating tapered cylinders by Techet et al. (J. Fluid Mech. vol. 363, 1998, p. 79). These different modes correspond well with the Williamson & Roshko (J. Fluids Struct. vol. 2, 1988, p. 355) map of modes in the plane of amplitude and frequency, so long as the streamwise vibration is small. However, when the inertia of the body is sufficiently small, the correspondence with the map of modes for the upper branch is not close. The response branches cross over each other in this map, and one has to introduce a third dimension to represent streamwise amplitude. This three–dimensional plot shows that the two response branches exist in quite different parameter spaces. The upper branch with the higher streamwise motion corresponds to a new vortex formation mode, which comprises two co-rotating vortices each half-cycle, defined as a ‘2C’ mode. We present the principal three-dimensional vorticity structures corresponding to each vortex wake mode. Vortex dislocations and vortex merging are characteristics of these complex three–dimensional structures. We introduce equations of motion for the case of the pivoted cylinder with two degrees of freedom, and thereby deduce that a critical inertia, $I_{\hbox{\scriptsize\it crit}}$ exists analogous to the ‘critical mass’ of Govardhan & Williamson (J. Fluid Mech. vol. 420, 2000, p. 85; vol. 473, 2002, p. 147), below which the pivoted body is predicted to have an infinitely wide regime of flow velocities where resonant oscillations will occur.
Multidimensional Transitional Dynamics: A Simple Numerical Procedure (Mathematica)

Programs for the method proposed in the article. We propose the relaxation algorithm as a simple and powerful method for determining the transition process in growth models numerically. This method has a number of important advantages: (1) It can easily deal with a wide range of dynamic systems including stiff differential equations and systems giving rise to a continuum of stationary equilibria. (2) The application of the procedure is fairly user-friendly. The only input required consists of the dynamic system. (3) The variant of the relaxation algorithm we propose exploits in a natural manner the infinite time horizon, which usually underlies optimal control problems in economics. As an illustrative application, we compute the transition process of the models of Jones (1995) and Lucas (1988).
PREDICTION OF THE BIOMASS PARTICLES THROUGH THE PHYSICS-INFORMED NEURAL NETWORK

Woody biomass energy is a kind of renewable energy that contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the creation of healthier forests, and the reduction of wildﬁre danger. Generally speaking, simulations of the motion of biomass particles are a time-consuming process due to a large number of particles and required simulation time. We used a physics-informed neural network (PINN) model to predict the motion of particles by including their equations of motion to reconstruct the velocity ﬁelds and reduce the processing eﬀort. compare to the discrete element methods, the PINNs methods have the advantage of predicting the velocity ﬁelds without the knowledge of the simulation’s boundary and initial conditions as well as geometry. It has shown that the proposed model has reliable prediction results with a mean percentage error in time less than 1 percent.
Associations between Pet Care Responsibility, Companion Animal Interactions, and Family Relationships during COVID-19

Simple Summary For families with children during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to explore how both youth and parents view their roles with regard to the shared caretaking of pets. We present findings from a U.S. based study of adolescents and parents regarding pet care responsibility. As part of a broader longitudinal study, we analyzed survey data from 567 pet-owning adolescents and a subset of 356 dog owning adolescents aged 10–17. We also conducted 31 in-depth interviews with parents of adolescents from the same study. Adolescents who reported more pet caretaking responsibilities were more likely to spend time with pets to cope with stress and to have improved family relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic. For dog owners only, increased levels of responsibility for the pet was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of identifying as a pet owner. Qualitative findings showcase the range of parental expectations and adolescent initiative around pet caretaking. Our study highlights the continued importance of pet companionship during the adolescent years as they develop their identities as responsible pet owners. Abstract For families with children during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to explore how both youth and parents view their roles with regard to the shared caretaking of pets. While most human–animal interaction studies examine adult or early childhood samples, our focus was on adolescent development. We present findings from a U.S. based mixed-method study of adolescent surveys and parent interviews regarding pet care responsibility. As part of an ongoing longitudinal study, we analyzed survey data from 567 pet-owning adolescents and a subset of 356 dog owning adolescents aged 10–17 as well as 31 in-depth interviews with parents of adolescents from the same study. Higher reported pet caretaking responsibilities was significantly associated with a preference for spending time with pets when stressed and improved family relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic for both pet owners and dog owners. For dog owners only, increased levels of responsibility for the pet was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of identifying as a pet owner. Qualitative findings showcase the range of parental expectations and adolescent initiative around pet caretaking. Our study highlights the continued importance of pet companionship during the adolescent years as they develop their identities as responsible pet owners.
Properties of nonlinear dynamo waves

Abstract Dynamo theory offers the most promising explanation of the generation of the sun's magnetic cycle. Mean field electrodynamics has provided the platform for linear and nonlinear models of solar dynamos. However the nonlinearities included arc (necessarily) arbitrarily imposed in these models. This paper conducts a systematic survey of the role of nonlinearities in the dynamo process, by cousidering the behaviour of dynamo waves in the nonlinear regime. It is demonstrated that only by considering realistic nonlinearities that are non-local in space and time can modulation of the basic dynamo wave be achieved. Moreover this modulation is greatest when there is a large separation of timescales provided by including a low magnetic Prandtl number in the equation for the velocity perturbations.
Application of stem cells combined with biomaterial in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration

As the world population is aging, intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is becoming a global health issue of increasing concern. A variety of disc degeneration diseases (DDDs) have been proven to be associated with IDD, and these illnesses have significant adverse effects on both individuals and society. The application of stem cells in regenerative medicine, such as blood and circulation, has been demonstrated by numerous studies. Similarly, stem cells have made exciting progress in the treatment of IDD. However, due to complex anatomical structures and functional requirements, traditional stem cell injection makes it difficult to meet people’s expectations. With the continuous development of tissue engineering and biomaterials, stem cell combined with biomaterials has far more prospects than before. This review aims to objectively and comprehensively summarize the development of stem cells combined with contemporary biomaterials and the difficulties that need to be overcome.
Estimation of Proportion of Success From a Stratified Population: A Comparative Study

Abstract This article attempts to compare the different interval estimation methods for a stratified population where each stratum represents a binomial population. We compare Wald, Wilson, modified Agresti–Coull and Clopper–Pearson type intervals for both “with” and “without” replacement sampling scheme. The Wilson type interval performs well when compared to other intervals, but it fails to achieve the coverage probability when the proportion of success in each of the stratum is near 0 or 1. None of these methods are reliable when the proportion of success for each of the stratum is near the boundaries. Indeed, Wilson, Wald and Agresti–Coull intervals have coverage probabilities much below the nominal confidence level. The coverage probability for the modified Clopper–Pearson Type interval is much higher than the nominal confidence level.
Algorithms for interpretation of spectrometric data-a comparative study

The computer-based interpretation of spectrometric data usually involves the use of algorithms of deconvolution (or generalized deconvolution) for correction of two independent factors, the so-called spectral bandwidth of the instrument (SBW), and the natural bandwidth of the analyzed substance (NBW). In this paper, a comparative study of the interpretation efficiency of four algorithms- viz. the spectral deconvolution with the Tikhonov regularization, the iterative Jansson method, the Kalman filter with the positivity constraint, and the adaptive rational filter-is presented. The studied algorithms are compared with respect to the accuracy of the final results of interpretation, i.e. of the estimates of the positions and magnitudes of peaks of the absorption spectrum of the analyzed substance.
Differential filters of elliptic type

Linear differential filters, i.e., filters in which the filtered function f and the original function f are connected by a linear differential equation, are studied on a general basis concerning the elliptic operators of second order. In addition, a particular example of a parabolic filter depending on space and extended to past times is given, and its interest in the context of the large eddy simulation of turbulence is discussed.