Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Generated Power for Mobile Electronics

Since the 1990’s, mobile computing has transformed its penetration from niche markets and early prototypes to ubiquity. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) evolved from GRiD’s PalmPad and Apple’s Newton in 1993 to the Palm, Handspring, and Microsoft-based models that support the multi-billion dollar industry today. While BellSouth/IBM’s Simon may have been the only mobile phone to offer e-mail connectivity in 1994, almost every modern mobile phone provides data services today. Portable digital music players have replaced cassette and CD-based systems, and these “MP3 players” are evolving into portable repositories for music videos, movies, photos, and personal information such as e-mail. Laptops, which were massive and inconvenient briefcase devices in the late 1980’s, now outsell desktops. Yet all these devices still have a common, difficult problem to overcome: power. This chapter will review trends in mobile computing over the past decade and describe how batteries affect design tradeoffs for mobile device manufacturers. This analysis leads to an interesting question: is there an alternative to batteries? Although the answer has many components that range from power management through energy storage [142], the bulk of this chapter will overview the history and state-of-the-art in harvesting power from the user to support body-worn mobile electronics.
Collected Works of Am Turing

Link-level acknowledgements and multi-processors, while technical in theory, have not until recently been considered technical. given the current status of autonomous methodologies, security experts obviously desire the construction of neural networks. In this work we propose a heuristic for loss-less methodologies (DoteDogate), disconfirm-ing that red-black trees and journaling file systems can synchronize to accomplish this ambition.
Direct transfer of antigen-specific cytolytic activity to noncytolytic cells upon fusion with liposomes derived from cytolytic T cell clones

Murine cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) clones were solubilized in Nonidet P-40 detergent, and the matrix and membrane proteins separated from the nuclear constituents. These proteins, in combination with exogenous lipids and Sendai virus envelope proteins, were used to construct liposomes that were then fused with noncytolytic cloned T cell recipients. The resultant fusion products were found to be highly cytolytic and appeared to express the same specificity as the original donor clone. Further analysis showed that the liposomal transfer process was extremely efficient. Moreover, in addition to noncytolytic T cell clones, three transformed T cell lines and one B cell line were found to express specific cytolytic activity after fusion with appropriate liposomes. Inhibition experiments using monoclonal antibodies against target cell antigens, as well as analysis of the lytic reactivity pattern of the fusion products, confirmed the high degree of specificity conferred to the recipient cells. This study thus indicates that the two characteristics typically associated with CTL, namely antigen-specific recognition and cytolytic activity, can be solubilized from CTL and transferred to recipient cells that do not express these characteristics.
Recommendations for screening and detection of connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension.

OBJECTIVE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) affects up to 15% of patients with connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Previous recommendations developed as part of larger efforts in PAH did not include detailed recommendations for patients with CTD-associated PAH. Therefore, we sought to develop recommendations for screening and early detection of CTD-associated PAH. METHODS We performed a systematic review of the literature on the screening and diagnosis of PAH in CTD. Using the RAND/University of California, Los Angeles consensus methodology, we developed case scenarios followed by 2 stages of voting. First, international experts from a variety of specialties voted anonymously on the appropriateness of each case scenario. The experts then met face-to-face to discuss and resolve discrepant votes to arrive at consensus recommendations. RESULTS The key recommendation stated that all patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) should be screened for PAH. In addition, patients with mixed connective tissue disease or other CTDs with scleroderma features (scleroderma spectrum disorders) should be screened for PAH. It was recommended that screening pulmonary function tests (PFTs) with single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, transthoracic echocardiogram, and measurement of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) be performed in all patients with SSc and scleroderma spectrum disorders. In patients with SSc and scleroderma spectrum disorders, transthoracic echocardiogram and PFTs should be performed annually. The full screening panel (transthoracic echocardiogram, PFTs, and measurement of NT-proBNP) should be performed as soon as any new signs or symptoms are present. CONCLUSION We provide consensus-based, evidence-driven recommendations for screening and early detection of CTD-associated PAH. It is our hope that these recommendations will lead to earlier detection of CTD-associated PAH and ultimately improve patient outcomes.
Phone classification by a hierarchy of invariant representation layers

We propose a multi-layer feature extraction framework for speech, capable of providing invariant representations. A set of templates is generated by sampling the result of applying smooth, identity-preserving transformations (such as vocal tract length and tempo variations) to arbitrarily-selected speech signals. Templates are then stored as the weights of “neurons”. We use a cascade of such computational modules to factor out different types of transformation variability in a hierarchy, and show that it improves phone classification over baseline features. In addition, we describe empirical comparisons of a) different transformations which may be responsible for the variability in speech signals and of b) different ways of assembling template sets for training. The proposed layered system is an effort towards explaining the performance of recent deep learning networks and the principles by which the human auditory cortex might reduce the sample complexity of learning in speech recognition. Our theory and experiments suggest that invariant representations are crucial in learning from complex, real-world data like natural speech. Our model is built on basic computational primitives of cortical neurons, thus making an argument about how representations might be learned in the human auditory cortex. Index Terms: Invariance, Auditory Cortex, Phonetic Classification, Convolutional Network
Some Considerations With Regard To Inflation

______________________________________________________________________________ Abstract The following paper presents and uses a simplified framework to explore the impact of inflation across various aspects of loss reserving, pricing, and capital management. The primary intent is to highlight some general principles which can be used to understand where, how, and by how much inflation risk may affect various aspects of actuarial modeling; but its intent is also to encourage actuaries of the importance in adequately reflecting future expectations of inflation in their models.
A Visual Interactive Framework for Attribute Discretization

Discretization is the process of dividing a continuous-valued base attribute into discrete intervals, which highlight distinct patterns in the behavior of a re lated goal attribute. In this paper, we present an in tegrated visual framework in which several discretization strategies can be experimented with, and which visually assists the user in intuitively determining the appropriate number and locations of intervals. In addition to featuring methods based on minimizing classification error or entropy, we introduce (i) an optimal algorithm that minimizes the approximation introduced by discretization and (ii) a novel algorithm that uses an unsupervised learning technique, clustering, to identify intervals. We also extend discretization to work with continuous-valued goal attributes.
Glial remodeling and neural plasticity in human retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

PURPOSE To investigate glial remodeling and neuronal plasticity in adult human retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and to grade pathologic changes with a severity scoring system. METHODS Sixteen full-thickness retinectomy specimens obtained at retinal relaxing surgery for PVR were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde immediately after excision and compared to similarly processed normal donor retinas. Agarose-embedded sections (100-microm-thick) were double labeled for immunohistochemistry by confocal microscopy, with antibodies against rod opsin and GFAP; vimentin and M/L-cone opsin; calbindin D and S-cone opsin; and cytochrome oxidase and synaptophysin. These staining patterns formed the basis of a retinal pathology scoring system, and immunohistochemistry was also used to detect CD68, neurofilaments, protein kinase C, growth-associated protein-43, and a pan-cone-specific enzymatic marker. Morphology was also assessed by light microscopy of resin-embedded semithin sections. RESULTS Prolonged detachment was characterized by photoreceptor degeneration and intracellular redistribution of opsin proteins to the plasma membrane in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Remodeling of rod synaptic terminals was characterized by terminal retraction and also by axon extension to the inner retina in most specimens. Rod bipolar cell dendrites extended into the ONL, as did fine, horizontal cell processes. Large ganglion cells showed upregulated neurofilament and GAP-43 expression, with neurites sprouting from somata and axon collaterals. Anti-cytochrome oxidase labeling of surviving inner segments was reduced but detectable in all specimens, as was anti-calbindin D labeling of horizontal and amacrine cells. All specimens demonstrated a marked upregulation of Muller cell and astrocyte expression of GFAP and vimentin. More severe degenerative changes correlated with trauma and prolonged detachment duration when scored according to this system. CONCLUSIONS The neural and glial components of detached neurosensory retina complicated by PVR exhibit pathology that changes characteristically with increasing detachment severity. Even in advanced degeneration, most of the structural motifs necessary for functional recovery are retained. Evidence of remodeling in the first-, second-, and third-order neurons of detached adult human retina may represent an attempt to re-establish synaptic connectivity.
A Method for Semantically Enhancing the Service Discovery Capabilities of UDDI

The promise of dynamic selection of business services and automatic integration of applications written to Web Services standards is yet to be realized. This is partially attributable to the lack of semantics in the current Web Service standards. While efforts to develop markup languages , such as DAML-S, for semantic Web Services are a step in the right direction, more work needs to be done to investigate their applicability in an industry setting. In this work, we expand on previous work done on combining the semantic web with UDDI [Paolucci 2002-2], by presenting a method to improve the effectiveness of service discovery in UDDI, an industry initiated Web Service directory. Our contributions are three fold: First, we present an extension to the UDDI inquiry API specification to enable requesters to specify the required capabilities of a service. Second, we enhance the service discovery of UDDI by performing semantic matching and automatic service composition using planning algorithms . Third, we propose to present these service compositions in a business process execution language called BPEL4WS, an industry standard, to enable automatic execution of the services that are composed. We believe that our approach presents a viable method for significantly enhancing the automatic service discovery and execution of Web Services.
A generalized matrix based algorithm for routing in acyclic unidirectional networks

This paper presents a generalized matrix-based algorithm for generating routing schemes in an acyclic unidirectional network. The fundamental approach is to generate all possible paths from a source location to destination represented in a 2-dimensional matrix applying the proposed blanking patterns (BP) algorithm. It was found that, blanking patterns algorithm effectively provides the list of all routes in any unidirectional acyclic network by identifying definite patterns of combinations of rows and columns. With this approach, students, professionals, scientists and engineers easily implement programs for finding shortest, longest paths or to implement programs related critical path finding in project networks without understanding complex data structures or algorithms.
An Efficient Local Strategy to Control Information Spreading in Network

In social networks, control of rumor spread is an active area of research. SIR model is generally used to study the rumor dynamics in network while considering the rumor as an epidemic. In disease spreading model, epidemic is controlled by removing central nodes in the network. Full network information is needed for such removal. To have the information of complete network is difficult proposition. As a consequence, the search of an algorithm that may control epidemic without needing global information is a matter of great interest. In this paper, an immunization strategy is proposed that uses only local information available at a node, viz. degree of the node and average degree of its neighbour nodes. Proposed algorithm has been evaluated for scale-free network using SIR model. Numerical results show that proposed method has less complexity and gives significantly better results in comparison with other strategies while using only local information.
Global virtual teams’ education: experiential learning in the classroom

Purpose This paper aims to examine how students can learn how to work in multi-cultural global virtual teams in a classroom-based setting using experiential learning. The students from two graduate programs in France and Japan were given relevant reading materials, individual and joint team assignments on virtual team work and were asked to evaluate their work using previously identified global virtual team key success factors. Design/methodology/approach Text-mining and co-word analyses of students’ assignments, and correlations of keyword frequencies with student culture scores provide insights on how students first experience this novel setting, raising their awareness and providing them skills for future application in an organizational setting. Findings The process experienced by virtual student teams has many similarities with the team formation stage in virtual teams in organizational settings. Such experiential learning is useful for global virtual team education, as students will have already experienced and solved typical challenges in a safer non-work-related setting. Research limitations/implications This study is based on a small sample of respondents and therefore presents inherent limitations in terms of significance and generalizability. Originality/value The rise of information and communication technologies has facilitated the creation of new approaches for coordinating work and, subsequently, for new collaborative organizational forms. Little research has been conducted to address education or training for these new and essential forms of collaboration.
Learning Mid-Level Features and Modeling Neuron Selectivity for Image Classification

We now know that mid-level features can greatly enhance the performance of image learning, but how to automatically learn the image features efficiently and in an unsupervised manner is still an open question. In this paper, we present a very efficient mid-level feature learning approach (MidFea), which only involves simple operations such as $k$-means clustering, convolution, pooling, vector quantization and random projection. We explain why this simple method generates the desired features, and argue that there is no need to spend much time in learning low-level feature extractors. Furthermore, to boost the performance, we propose to model the neuron selectivity (NS) principle by building an additional layer over the mid-level features before feeding the features into the classifier. We show that the NS-layer learns category-specific neurons with both bottom-up inference and top-down analysis, and thus supports fast inference for a query image. We run extensive experiments on several public databases to demonstrate that our approach can achieve state-of-the-art performances for face recognition, gender classification, age estimation and object categorization. In particular, we demonstrate that our approach is more than an order of magnitude faster than some recently proposed sparse coding based methods.
A Fault and Mobility Tolerant Location Server for Large-scale Ad-hoc Networks

There are many essential applications for quorum systems in ad-hoc networks, such as that of location servers in large-scale networks. Existing research proposes many approaches to the problems, many of which are incomplete, cumbersome, or incur significant cost. We describe and analyse a self-organising quorum system that creates an emergent intelligence to minimise overhead and maximise survivability. We compare our quorum system with ones proposed in the literature in terms of delivery success and find that it performs favourably.
A curious example of triangulated-equivalent model categories which are not Quillen equivalent

The paper gives a new proof that the model categories of stable modules for the rings Z=p 2 and Z=pŒ��=. � 2 / are not Quillen equivalent. The proof uses homotopy endomorphism ring spectra. Our considerations lead to an example of two differential graded algebras which are derived equivalent but whose associated model categories of modules are not Quillen equivalent. As a bonus, we also obtain derived equivalent dgas with non-isomorphic K‐theories. 18E30, 18F25, 55U35
Parallel Algorithm for Mining Outliers in Large

Data mining is a new, important and fast growing database application. Outlier (exception) detection is one kind of data mining, which can be applied in multiple areas like monitoring of credit card fraud and criminal activities in electronic commerce. With the ever-increasing size and attributes (dimensions) of database, previously proposed detection methods for two dimensions are no longer applicable. The time complexity of the Nested-Loop (NL) algorithm is linear to the dimen-sionality but quadratic to the dataset size, inducing an unacceptable cost for large dataset. A more eecient version (ENL) and its parallel version (PNL) are introduced. ENL reduces the cost to half while the cost in PNL is quadratic to the reciprocal of the number of processors. There is also a performance comparison between ENL and PNL using Bulk Synchronization Parallel (BSP) model.
Philosophy and the Emotions: Basic Emotions, Complex Emotions, Machiavellian Emotions

Abstract The current state of knowledge in psychology, cognitive neuroscience and behavioral ecology allows a fairly robust characterization of at least some, so-called ‘basic emotions’ short-lived emotional responses with homologues in other vertebrates. Philosophers, however are understandably more focused on the complex emotion episodes that figure in folk-psychological narratives about mental life, episodes such as the evolving jealousy and anger of a person in an unraveling sexual relationship. One of the most pressing issues for the philosophy of emotion is the relationship between basic emotions and these complex emotion episodes. In this paper, I add to the list of existing, not necessarily incompatible, proposals concerning the relationship between basic emotions and complex emotions. I analyze the writings of ‘transactional’ psychologists of emotion, particularly those who see their work as a contribution to behavioral ecology, and offer a view of the basic emotion that focuses as much on their interpersonal functions as on their intrapersonal functions. Locating basic emotions and their evolutionary development in a context of processes of social interaction, I suggest, provides a way to integrate our knowledge of basic emotions into an understanding of the larger emotional episodes that have more obvious implications for philosophical disciplines such as moral psychology.
Do IT managers learn how to control spending on new information technology?: a study of IT budget growth in Chinese companies

This paper presents an analysis of data collected from 94 Chinese firms about the development of their IT budgets and other variables in the period from 1989 to 2001. The purpose of this study is to revisit an early proposition by Nolan and colleagues regarding corporate IT purchasing behavior, called the Stages Hypothesis. We find that the Stages Hypothesis cannot be viewed as a general theory describing the IT purchasing behavior of firms; however, the development of the IT budget of some mostly large firms in our sample is consistent with the Stages Hypothesis. Based on further analyses, we offer a new interpretation of the Stages Hypothesis.
Information security in a public safety, participatory crowdsourcing smart city project

`Smart Cities' are a new and innovative approach that has been formulated during the past few years in order to use current infrastructure and resources more efficiently. Crowdsourcing is often used to collect data in a smart city, and citizens must consider the information security controls that are in such a system before participating. This paper investigates what factors need to be in place in order to mitigate the information security concerns of citizens participating in a public safety, participatory crowdsourcing smart city project. A questionnaire was completed by 361 participants of a public safety project hosted East London, South Africa. The results indicated that the information security of the system (confidentiality, integrity and availability) was a concern to the citizens participating in the project. The factors that were identified as important to mitigate the information security concerns of citizens participating in a public safety, participatory crowdsourcing smart city project included: both legislation and technology is needed to protect the confidentiality of citizens; the continuous availability of the crowdsourcing system in order to be considered useful; education to increase awareness about the information security controls in place to protect the integrity of the information and feedback mechanisms to provide evidence to citizens about how the information is being used to increase public safety in their city.
Spatially Scalable Video Coding Based on Hybrid Epitomic Resizing

Scalable video coding (SVC) is considered as a potentially promising solution to enable the adaptability of video to heterogonous networks and various devices. In spatially scalable video encoder, how to resize the captured high-resolution video to get low-resolution video has great effect on the quality of experience (QoE) in the clients receiving low-resolution video. In this paper, we propose a new resizing algorithm called hybrid epitomic resizing (HER), which can make the resized image preserve the same ‘physical’ resolution with original image by the way of utilizing texture similarity inside image and highlight regions of interest while avoiding potential artifacts. For hybrid epitomic resizing, we also design two new inter-layer prediction methods to eliminate the redundancy between adjacent spatial layers instead of conventional inter-layer prediction. Experimental results show that HER can get resized images with perceptually much better quality and the performance of new inter-layer prediction are comparable to that of conventional inter-layer prediction in H.264 SVC.