Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Fuzzy K-Means And K-Means Clustering Algorithms In Intrusion Detection Systems

:- According to the growth of the Internet technology, there is a need to develop strategies in order to maintain security of system. One of the most effective techniques is Intrusion Detection System (IDS). This system is created to make a complete security in a computerized system, in order to pass the Intrusion system through the firewall, antivirus and other security devices detect and deal with it. The Intrusion detection techniques are divided into two groups which includes supervised learning and unsupervised learning. Clustering which is commonly used to detect possible attacks is one of the branches of unsupervised learning. Fuzzy sets play an important role to reduce spurious alarms and Intrusion detection, which have uncertain quality.This paper investigates k-means fuzzy and k-means algorithm in order to recognize Intrusion detection in system which both of the algorithms use clustering method.
2 On the other hand , the KR community developed rich and expressive systems for representation of time , of actions and , in general , of dynamic situations ( Allen 1984

A framework for the representation of visual knowledge, with particular attention to the analysis and the representation of scenes with moving persons and objects is described. Our aim is to integrate in a principled way the models developed within the artificial vision community, and the propositional knowledge representation systems developed within symbolic AI. We claim that this integration requires the introduction of a missing link between these two classes of representations. In our model, such a role is played by the notion of conceptual space (CS), a representation in which information is characterised in terms of a metric space. We illustrate our proposal by referring to an experimental setup, based on a vision system that takes in input real images of moving people.
Specifying systems that connect to the physical world

Well understood methods exist for developing programs from formal specifications. Such methods offer a precise check that certain sorts of deviations from their specifications are absent from programs. This leaves (among other issues) the task of obtaining a specification. For tasks that are fully described in terms of the symbolic values within a machine, this might not be too difficult but there is an increasing demand for systems in which programs interact with an external physical world. Typical of such applications are control programs that attempt to bring about changes in the physical world via actuators and measure things in that world via sensors. Here, the task of fixing the specification can be more challenging than the task of deriving a program from that specification. Furthermore, most systems of this class must tolerate failures in the physical components outside the computer: it then becomes still harder to achieve confidence that the specification is appropriate. This paper gives a systematic way to {\em derive} the specification of a control program, based on explicit assumptions about the physical world. It also discusses an approach to separating the detection and management of faults from system operation in the absence of faults © 2006 University of Newcastle upon Tyne. Printed and published by the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Computing Science, Claremont Tower, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England. Bibliographical details JONES, C. B. , HAYES, I. J., JACKSON, M. A. Specifying systems that connect to the physical world [By] C. B. Jones, I. J. Hayes, M. A. Jackson. Newcastle upon Tyne: University of Newcastle upon Tyne: Computing Science, 2006. (University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Computing Science, Technical Report Series, No. CS-TR-964)
The Role of Quality Assurance in Software Development Projects : Project Failures and Business Performance

Despite rapid advances in all facets of technology, the software industry still struggles with the formidable task of developing software applications that meet quality standards, and budget constraints. The need for software to be error-free remained a challenge to the IT industry. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study is to answer why executives reluctant to allocate resources to quality assurance (QA) process during the process of the system development life cycle (SDLC)? This research used a qualitative study design to investigate to what extent the involvement of QA during the SDLC process reduced software project failures. The data were analyzed using inductive methods and was intended to be generalized to the entire IT software development population. Participants were selected from major cities of the 50 United States that fit study criteria. The research indicated a sense that inclusion of QA in all phases of SDLC was an excellent phenomenon.
Designer tools for hypertext authoring

Hypertext authors lack experience. In fact, the whole business of designing and producing hypertext systems is still a relatively new discipline. Creating hypertexts is complex because of the richness of interconnectivity that exists among nodes and links in hypertexts. As such, the demands placed on hypertext authors in authoring hypertexts cannot be underestimated. Hypertext authors have to perform many balancing acts: (1) ensure that the design and structure of the hypertext system is 'best' according to its function; (2) ensure that all the nodes and links created in the hypertext database correspond directly to the windows and links in the display screen so that there should be no redundant/missing links or nodes; and (3) incorporate good design guidelines for screen and information display, dialogue design, navigation aids and online assistance. Hypertext authors don't make good hypermedia documents because it is difficult to do so. They are faced with a vast range of potential structures and an astronomically large number of choices when creating a hypertext document. Just as users are often 'lost' while navigating in hypertexts, so are hypertext authors themselves in authoring hypertext systems! Could it be possible that because hypertext authors themselves are 'lost' in the process of designing and authoring hypertext systems, they inadvertently contribute to poorly designed hypertext systems, which in turn leads to users often being lost in 'hyperspace'? If so, how can authors then be helped in designing well-structured hypertext systems?
Feasibility, limitations and potentiality of UHF-RFID passive implants

Implanted RFID may play an important role in the personal Healthcare of next future. Antenna embedded into prosthesis or into other implanted medical devices could permit to monitor physiological and pathological processes, providing a natural interconnection to remote services. The big technical challenge is to establish a stable RFID link with the interior of the human body in spite of the high electromagnetic losses of the tissues. By using parametric electromagnetic models and some early result, it is here investigated the potentiality and limitation of the UHF implants with special attention to the body district, the overall mass, and the size of the antennas.
Cold winter extremes in northern continents linked to Arctic sea ice loss

The satellite record since 1979 shows downward trends in Arctic sea ice extent in all months, which are smallest in winter and largest in September. Previous studies have linked changes in winter atmospheric circulation, anomalously cold extremes and large snowfalls in mid-latitudes to rapid decline of Arctic sea ice in the preceding autumn. Using observational analyses, we show that the winter atmospheric circulation change and cold extremes are also associated with winter sea ice reduction through an apparently distinct mechanism from those related to autumn sea ice loss. Associated with winter sea ice reduction, a high-pressure anomaly prevails over the subarctic, which in part results from fewer cyclones owing to a weakened gradient in sea surface temperature and lower baroclinicity over sparse sea ice. The results suggest that the winter atmospheric circulation at high northern latitudes associated with Arctic sea ice loss, especially in the winter, favors the occurrence of cold winter extremes at middle latitudes of the northern continents.
Localization in a Coupled Standard Map

We study spatially localized excitations in a lattice of coupled standard maps. Time-periodic solutions (breathers) exist in a range of coupling that is shown to shrink as the period grows to innnity, thus excluding the possibility of time-quasiperiodic breathers. The evolution of initially localized chaotic and quasiperiodic states in a lattice is studied numerically. Chaos is demonstrated to spread slowly along the lattice, with the globally chaotic regime appearing as an eventually statistically stationary state. A quasiperiodic initial state has extremely large life time for small couplings, and for large couplings evolves slowly into global chaos.
Village Political Economy, Land Tenure Insecurity, and the Rural to Urban Migration Decision: Evidence from China

&NA; This article investigates the impact of land tenure insecurity on the migration decisions of China's rural residents from 1995 to 2003. The article appeals to a simple model to frame the relationship between migration and the probability that a reallocation of land in the village will occur in the following year. Empirically, the article first demonstrates that a village leader's support for an administrative land reallocation carries with it the risk of losing a future election. Exploiting election timing and village heterogeneity in lineage group composition, the article identifies the effect of reallocation risk on migration decisions. In response to an expected land reallocation in the following year, the probability that a rural resident migrates out of the county declines by 2.4 percentage points, which accounts for 15% of the annual share of village residents, aged 16 to 50, who worked as migrants during the period. This finding underscores the potential importance of secure property rights for facilitating labor market integration and the movement of labor out of agriculture.
Identification of protective and broadly conserved vaccine antigens from the genome of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli

Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) are a common cause of disease in both mammals and birds. A vaccine to prevent such infections would be desirable given the increasing antibiotic resistance of these bacteria. We have determined the genome sequence of ExPEC IHE3034 (ST95) isolated from a case of neonatal meningitis and compared this to available genome sequences of other ExPEC strains and a few nonpathogenic E. coli. We found 19 genomic islands present in the genome of IHE3034, which are absent in the nonpathogenic E. coli isolates. By using subtractive reverse vaccinology we identified 230 antigens present in ExPEC but absent (or present with low similarity) in nonpathogenic strains. Nine antigens were protective in a mouse challenge model. Some of them were also present in other pathogenic non-ExPEC strains, suggesting that a broadly protective E. coli vaccine may be possible. The gene encoding the most protective antigen was detected in most of the E. coli isolates, highly conserved in sequence and found to be exported by a type II secretion system which seems to be nonfunctional in nonpathogenic strains.
Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ozonizer Using the Transformerless Single-Switch Resonant Converter for Portable Applications

This paper describes the analysis, design, and construction of an ozonizer based on a single-switch resonant converter (SSRC). The main contribution of the work is the removal of the transformer from the SSRC, resulting in much smaller footprint and higher efficiency. High voltage (up to 4.0 kVp-p) is achieved using a resonant tank, which comprises of an LC circuit combined with the chamber's equivalent circuit components. Despite the absence of the transformer, the topology is able to generate sufficiently high voltage to initiate and sustain the formation of micro-discharges. Geometrically, the chamber is constructed as a planar type, using muscovite mica as dielectric. The main advantage of using mica is its availability in thin sheet (less than 1 mm), which then allows for the lowering of the initiation voltage. To validate the analysis and design, an experimental prototype of the ozonizer is build. It is found that the ozonizer draws very little power, i.e., less than 8 W with very high ozone yield (over 120 g/kWh at 1.0 L/min). The maximum measured efficiency is 75%. The proposed ozonizer is fed from a low voltage power source (up to 40 V dc) and hence its suitability for a wide range of portable applications.
Towards all-IP wireless networks: architectures and resource management mechanism

Future wireless internet will consist of different wireless technologies that should operate together in an efficient way to provide seamless connectivity to mobile users. The integration of different networks and technologies is a challenging problem mainly because of the heterogeneity in access technologies, network architectures, protocols and service demands. Firstly, this paper discusses three architectures for an all-IP network integrating different wireless technologies using IP and its associated service models. The first architecture, called ISB, is based on a combination of Differentiated Services (DiffServ) and Integrated Services (IntServ) models appropriate for low-bandwidth 3G cellular networks with significant resource management capabilities. The second architecture, called DSB, is purely based on the DiffServ model targeted for high-bandwidth wireless LANs with little resource management capabilities. The last architecture, called AIP, combines ISB and DSB architectures to facilitate the integration of wireless LAN and 3G cellular networks towards a uniform architecture for all-IP wireless networks. Secondly, this paper proposes a flexible hierarchical resource management mechanism for the proposed All-IP Architecture (AIP) which aims at providing connection-level Quality of Service (QoS) for mobile users. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism satisfies the hard constraint on connection dropping probability while maintaining a high-bandwidth utilisation.
An iterative receiver for coded OFDM systems over time-varying wireless channels

This paper presents a low-complexity iterative receiver for coded OFDM systems. We present an EM-based iterative algorithm for combined channel estimation and decoding that makes collective use of the available data and system constraints. Minimum numbers of pilots are sent only in the first symbol of the packet to acquire the channel; then the iterative algorithm is used to track the channel time variation, which is assumed to follow a state-space model, using an EM-based Kalman filter. Data recovery can be achieved within a single OFEM symbol. We also propose the use of an optional outer LDPC code in serial concatenation to offer a trade-off between latency and performance, especially for multi-amplitude modulations, without affecting the complexity of the core iterative algorithm.
User Behavior Prediction based Adaptive Policy Pre-fetching Scheme for Efficient Network Management

In recent years, network management is commonly regarded as an essential and promising function for managing and improving the security of network infrastructures. However, as networks get faster and network centric applications get more complex, there is still significant ongoing work addressing many challenges of the network management. Traditional passive network censoring systems lack of adaptive policy pre-fetching scheme, as a result, preventing malicious behavior (such as hacker, malware etc.) is big challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel user behavior prediction based adaptive policy pre-fetching scheme for efficient network management. A newly Distributed web User Behavior Prediction model (DUBP) is introduced first to cognize and predict user behavior. It extends a distributed DHT network to fix the bottleneck in traditional Client-Server (C/S) architecture occurred by large-scale network service requesting and massive user log analyzing and calculating. Based on user behavior sensing and prediction provided by DUBP, a further Adaptive Policy Pre-fetching and Caching scheme (APPC) is addressed for fine-grained and efficient network management. Our Universal Network (UN) will employ DUBP and APPC scheme to justify its advantages in secure network service.
Tolerating process variations in large, set-associative caches: The buddy cache

One important trend in today's microprocessor architectures is the increase in size of the processor caches. These caches also tend to be set associative. As technology scales, process variations are expected to increase the fault rates of the SRAM cells that compose such caches. As an important component of the processor, the parametric yield of SRAM cells is crucial to the overall performance and yield of the microchip. In this article, we propose a microarchitectural solution, called the buddy cache that permits large, set-associative caches to tolerate faults in SRAM cells due to process variations. In essence, instead of disabling a faulty cache block in a set (as is the current practice), it is paired with another faulty cache block in the same set—the buddy. Although both cache blocks are faulty, if the faults of the two blocks do not overlap, then instead of losing two blocks, buddying will yield a functional block from the nonfaulty portions of the two blocks. We found that with buddying, caches can better mitigate the negative impacts of process variations on performance and yield, gracefully downgrading performance as opposed to catastrophic failure. We will describe the details of the buddy cache and give insights as to why it is both more performance and yield resilient to faults.
The Basic Biology of PP2A in Hematologic Cells and Malignancies

Reversible protein phosphorylation plays a crucial role in regulating cell signaling. In normal cells, phosphoregulation is tightly controlled by a network of protein kinases counterbalanced by several protein phosphatases. Deregulation of this delicate balance is widely recognized as a central mechanism by which cells escape external and internal self-limiting signals, eventually resulting in malignant transformation. A large fraction of hematologic malignancies is characterized by constitutive or unrestrained activation of oncogenic kinases. This is in part achieved by activating mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, or constitutive activation of upstream kinase regulators, in part by inactivation of their anti-oncogenic phosphatase counterparts. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) represents a large family of cellular serine/threonine phosphatases with suspected tumor suppressive functions. In this review, we highlight our current knowledge about the complex structure and biology of these phosphatases in hematologic cells, thereby providing the rationale behind their diverse signaling functions. Eventually, this basic knowledge is a key to truly understand the tumor suppressive role of PP2A in leukemogenesis and to allow further rational development of therapeutic strategies targeting PP2A.
Control strategy based on BP neutral network plus PID algorithm for dual electric tracked vehicle steering

A turning control strategy based on BP neutral network and modified by a PID algorithm is presented in this paper for the dual electric tracked vehicle. Firstly analyzed the tracked vehicle turning dynamics and establish the torque distribution strategy. The BP network is trained by data from the distribution strategy simulation results; the PID algorithm is used to eliminate the dependence of terra coefficient. Simulation results show that the control strategy presented here is effective for the dual electric tracked vehicle steering.
Improvised music with swarms

This paper describes SWARMUSIC, an interactive music improviser. A particle swarm algorithm generates musical material by a mapping of particle positions onto events in MIDI space. Interaction with an external musical source arises through the attraction of the particle swarm to a target. SWARMUSIC is the first application of swarm intelligence to music.
Low Noise: An Integral Part of High-Performance CCD (HCCD) Camera Systems

1 Noise is composed of undesirable signal components that arise from various sources in an electronic imaging system. The figure of merit that dictates the ultimate performance of a system is signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which describes the quality of a measurement (see Figure 1). In CCD imagine, SNR refers to the relative magnitude of the signal compared to the uncertainty in that signal on a per-pixel basis. Specifically, it is the ratio of the measured signal to the overall measured noise (frame-to-frame) at that pixel. High SNR is particularly important in applications requiring precise light measurements. When calculating overall SNR, all noise sources must be taken into consideration. The three primary sources of noise in a CCD imaging system are photon noise, dark noise, and read noise.
Relations between cortical and thalamic cellular events during transition from sleep patterns to paroxysmal activity

We investigated in anesthetized cats the progressive development from EEG-synchronized sleep patterns to low-frequency (< 15 Hz) paroxysmal activities, most of them consisting of epileptic-like seizures with spike-wave (SW) complexes at 2–4 Hz. We used multisite extra- and intracellular recordings of neocortical, reticular thalamic (RE), and thalamocortical (TC) neurons, including dual impalements of cortical and TC cells. A subsample (40%) of TC cells discharged spike bursts at 2–4 Hz, in close time relation with the spiky, depth-negative field components of SW seizures in related neocortical areas. Full synchronization among TC cells that were resonant with the cortical seizure activity was progressively reached toward the end of the SW paroxysm. The remaining TC cells (60%) were inhibited during the cortical SW seizures. We show that the duration and amplitude of hyperpolarization in TC cells paralleled the extent of cortical EEG paroxysm. Dual intracellular recordings of cortical and TC neurons demonstrate that during the cortical SW seizure, consisting of a tonic depolarization with superimposed paroxysmal spike bursts, the simultaneously recorded TC neurons displayed a tonic hyperpolarization associated with repetitive IPSPs, closely time related with cortical cell bursts. The inhibition of TC cells was presumably mediated by GABAergic RE thalamic neurons. Indeed, simultaneously recorded RE and TC neurons during the cortical SW paroxysm showed that cortical and RE cell excitation was accompanied by corresponding IPSPs in TC cells. We emphasize the progressive development from sleep patterns to some forms of epileptic-like activities. We propose that the inhibitory processes found in a significant number of TC cells during cortical SW seizures may contribute to the loss of consciousness, due to obliteration of synaptic transmission through the thalamus.