Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UNMC-VIER AutoVision database

Designing a driver assistance system has become a trend in the automotive technology to improve the security and efficiency of driving. However, there is no standard on-road database to verify the performance and effectiveness of algorithms. In this paper, an automotive vision database is created to assist researchers analyzing their designed algorithm in a more convincing way. The UNMC-VIER AutoVision database composes of a series of single view videos embodying the information of traffic signs, vehicles and single/multiple lanes. In addition, multi-views videos, with the aid of three cameras are included in the database providing more visual information in the panoramic view of traffic scene for analysis. The standard setup and calibration of the database is discussed in the paper. Some applications are discussed along with the use of the database.
Energy efficiency in Mobile Cloud Computing: Total offloading selectively works. Does selective offloading totally work?

Many emerging mobile applications nowadays tend to be computation-intensive due to the increasing popularity and convenience of smartphones. Nevertheless, a major obstacle prohibits the direct adoption of such applications and that is battery lifetime. Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) is a promising solution that suggests the partial processing of applications on the cloud to minimize the overall power consumption at the mobile device. However, this does not necessarily save energy if there is no systematic mechanism for evaluating the effect of offloading the application into the cloud. In this paper, we study the factors affecting the power consumption due to offloading, develop a decision model, and verify its correctness by real implementation on an Android device. The results show that the proposed partitioning scheme successfully results in energy savings at the mobile handset and surpasses the energy efficiency of both fully local and fully remote execution.
Transient Growth Factor Delivery Sustains Regenerated Axons after Spinal Cord Injury

Growth factors influence the topography of axonal projections during nervous system development and facilitate axonal sprouting and regeneration after injury in the adult. However, in the absence of target reinnervation and reestablishment of synaptic activity, we hypothesized that continuing delivery of neurotrophins would be required to sustain regenerating axons for prolonged times points after neurotrophin-induced axon growth after spinal cord injury (SCI) in the adult. Using tetracycline-inducible expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor by genetically modified fibroblasts, we were able to extensively and significantly turn growth factor expression “on” or “off” in vitro and in vivo within sites of SCI. Notably, we find that transient growth factor delivery is sufficient to sustain regenerated axons for prolonged time periods within spinal cord lesion sites. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated an absence of neuronal targets or synapses within transient growth factor expressing grafts but the persistent presence of Schwann cells. Thus, the adult CNS appears capable of sustaining axons that have extended after transient growth factor delivery, an effect potentially attributable to the persistence of Schwann cells in lesion/graft sites.
Teamwork and flow proneness mitigate the negative effect of excess challenge on flow state

Abstract Flow theory postulates that flow experience is the most intense under high-challenge/high-skill conditions, whereas an excess of challenge is aversive. This study explores potential moderators that may offset the negative impact of overly high challenge on flow state. The literature suggests that a situational factor, teamwork, and a dispositional factor, flow proneness, may moderate the relationship between challenge and flow state. We tested these moderators with Hong Kong Chinese students whose optimal condition for experiencing flow was biased toward low-challenge/high-skill. A total of 128 participants played puzzles in three challenge levels both alone and in pairs. Although challenge level was negatively associated with flow state, dyadic (team) game (compared with solitary game) and flow proneness mitigated the negative relationship between challenge and flow state. These findings shed light on factors that promote enjoyment in challenging activities even among people in cultures that are prudent about challenges.
Assessing vertebrate biodiversity in a kelp forest ecosystem using environmental DNA

Preserving biodiversity is a global challenge requiring data on species’ distribution and abundance over large geographic and temporal scales. However, traditional methods to survey mobile species’ distribution and abundance in marine environments are often inefficient, environmentally destructive, or resource‐intensive. Metabarcoding of environmental DNA (eDNA) offers a new means to assess biodiversity and on much larger scales, but adoption of this approach for surveying whole animal communities in large, dynamic aquatic systems has been slowed by significant unknowns surrounding error rates of detection and relevant spatial resolution of eDNA surveys. Here, we report the results of a 2.5 km eDNA transect surveying the vertebrate fauna present along a gradation of diverse marine habitats associated with a kelp forest ecosystem. Using PCR primers that target the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene of marine fishes and mammals, we generated eDNA sequence data and compared it to simultaneous visual dive surveys. We find spatial concordance between individual species’ eDNA and visual survey trends, and that eDNA is able to distinguish vertebrate community assemblages from habitats separated by as little as ~60 m. eDNA reliably detected vertebrates with low false‐negative error rates (1/12 taxa) when compared to the surveys, and revealed cryptic species known to occupy the habitats but overlooked by visual methods. This study also presents an explicit accounting of false negatives and positives in metabarcoding data, which illustrate the influence of gene marker selection, replication, contamination, biases impacting eDNA count data and ecology of target species on eDNA detection rates in an open ecosystem.
Virtual garment simulation

In this paper we present a system to create 3D garments from 2D patterns. Once placed over the 3D character, our system can quickly stitch the patterns into the 3D garment. The stitched cloth is then simulated to obtain the drape of the garment over the character. Our system can accurately and efficiently resolve cloth-body and cloth-cloth collisions.
The p‐order of topological triangulated categories

The p‐order of a triangulated category is an invariant that measures ‘how strongly’ p annihilates objects of the form Y/p. In this paper, we show that the p‐order of a topological triangulated category is at least p−1; here we call a triangulated category topological if it admits a model as a stable cofibration category. Our main new tools are enrichments of cofibration categories by Δ‐sets; in particular, we generalize the theory of ‘framings’ (or ‘cosimplicial resolutions’) from model categories to cofibration categories.
Ecological dynamics and motor learning design in sport

We outline an ecological dynamics approach to motor learning that identifies the learner–environment relationship as the basis for learning design in sport. The relevant scale of analysis for understanding how to design tasks for motor learning and practice is to consider how each learner interacts with the environment. This approach to learning design captures intentionality and perception and action as intertwined processes underpinning individual differences in movement behaviour. During learning, the role of movement pattern variability is fundamental in supporting the exploratory behaviours needed to seek and establish functional movement solutions by each learner. Learning is enhanced by a strategy of locating the learner in the meta-stable region of the perceptual–motor workspace. In this region the learner does not act in a manner that is either completely independent or completely dependent on the environment. In this context, numerous rich and creative adaptive actions emerge from the task constraints. We discuss the implications of these ideas for a nonlinear pedagogy after providing a brief explanation of key ideas in ecological dynamics.
Optimal fault detection in stochastic Boolean regulatory networks

Boolean networks have emerged as an effective model of the dynamical behavior of regulatory circuits consisting of bi-stable components, e.g. genes that can be in an activated or suppressed transcriptional state. Such Boolean circuits are not deterministic, nor are they directly observable. We present a methodology for fault detection in stochastic Boolean dynamical systems observed though noisy continuous measurements. The methodology utilizes a single time series and does not require any prior knowledge about the fault model. It is a change detection model based on the principle of uncorrelated innovations based on the optimal state estimator, which in this case is the Boolean Kalman Filter (BKF). We carry out a numerical simulations using a Boolean model for the p53-MDM2 negative feedback loop with stuck-at faults, observed through noisy continuous measurements. The results show that the methodology is able to detect the time of the fault with close accuracy, without any prior knowledge about the fault model.
Integration of fuzzy filtering, case-based reasoning and multiple criteria decision techniques in rescue operations

In this paper we introduce a collaborative strategy approach in a multi-agent environment where case based reasoning, Multiple Criteria Decision techniques and fuzzy filters techniques are integrated. Case-based reasoning and Multiple Criteria Decision Techniques are in charge of decision making and fuzzy filter are responsible for agents listen message selection, taking into account the trust of emitter agents. This approach aimed at benefit agent coordination in the RoboCup Rescue Simulator environment.
PatBang Flexible type-safe pattern matching

Patterns provide an important dimension of expressiveness to functional programming languages because they describe a concise syntax for data destruction. However, most languages treat patterns as second-class citizens: case match expressions cannot be extended, patterns cannot be selected dynamically, and patterns cannot be composed or modified by program logic. In this paper, we present a rich, full-featured pattern language, PatBang, which treats patterns as first-class data, and additionally supports highly expressive patterns including recursive and disjunctive patterns, yet is still provably type-safe. We additionally show how such an expressive pattern language enables new programming patterns, including use of patterns for expressing pytes, a form of lightweight static interface declaration. Type soundness is proven and an implementation of the type inference algorithm and interpreter is provided.
OPTICAL AND NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF THE L SUBDWARF SDSS J125637.13–022452.4

Red optical and near-infrared spectroscopy are presented for SDSS J125637.13–022452.4, one of only four L subdwarfs reported to date. These data confirm the low-temperature, metal-poor nature of this source, as indicated by prominent metal-hydride bands, alkali lines, and collision-induced H2 absorption. The optical and near-infrared spectra of SDSS J1256–0224 are similar to those of the sdL4 2MASS J16262034+3925190, and we derive a classification of sdL3.5 based on the preliminary scheme of Burgasser, Cruz, and Kirkpatrick. The kinematics of SDSS J1256–0224 are consistent with membership in the Galactic inner halo, with estimated UVW space velocities indicating a slightly prograde, eccentric, and inclined Galactic orbit (3.5 ≲ R ≲ 11 kpc; ∣Zmax∣ = 7.5 kpc). Comparison to synthetic spectra computed with the Phoenix code, including the recent implementation of kinetic condensate formation (Drift-Phoenix), indicates Teff ≈ 2100–2500 K and [M/H] ≈ −1.5 to −1.0 for log g ≈ 5.0–5.5 (cgs), although there are clear discrepancies between model and observed spectra particularly in the red optical region. As such, any conclusions on the role of metallicity in condensate grain and cloud formation are probably premature. Indeed, a shift in the temperature scale of L subdwarfs relative to L dwarfs may obviate the need for modified condensate and grain chemistry in low metallicity atmospheres.
Freezing adhesion molecules in a state of high-avidity binding blocks eosinophil migration

Leukocyte extravasation is mediated by multiple interactions of adhesive surface structures with ligands on endothelial cells and matrix components. The functional role of beta 1 (CD29) integrins (or very late antigen [VLA] proteins) in eosinophil migration across polycarbonate filters was examined under several in vitro conditions. Eosinophil migration induced by the chemoattractant C5a or platelet- activating factor was fully inhibited by monoclonal antibody (mAb) 8A2, a recently characterized "activating" CD29 mAb. However, inhibition by mAb 8A2 was observed only under filter conditions that best reflected the in vivo situation, i.e., when the eosinophils migrated over filters preincubated with the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin (FN), or when the filters were covered with confluent monolayers of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). When bare untreated filters were used, mAb 8A2 had no effect, whereas the C5a- directed movement was prevented by CD18 mAb. Studies with alpha-subunit (CD49)-specific mAbs indicated that the integrins VLA-4 and -5 mediated migration across FN-preincubated filters, and VLA-2, -4, -5, and -6 were involved in eosinophil migration through filters covered with HUVEC. In contrast with the activating CD29 mAb 8A2, a combination of blocking CD49 mAbs or the nonactivating but blocking CD29 mAb AIIB2 failed to inhibit completely eosinophil migration over FN-preincubated or HUVEC-covered filters. mAb 8A2 stimulated binding to FN but not to HUVEC. Moreover, eosinophil migration over FN-preincubated or HUVEC- covered filters was significantly inhibited by anti-connecting segment 1 (CS-1) mAbs, as well as the soluble CS-1 peptide (unlike migration across bare untreated filters). Thus, inhibition of eosinophil migration by mAb 8A2 depended upon the presence of ECM proteins and not upon the presence of HUVEC per se. In conclusion, "freezing" adhesion receptors of the beta 1 integrin family into their high-avidity binding state by the activating CD29 mAb 8A2 results in a complete inhibition of eosinophil migration under physiological conditions. Hence, activation of beta 1 integrin-mediated cell adhesion may represent a new approach to prevent influx of inflammatory cells.
The Role of Oxygen during Thermal Reduction of Graphene Oxide Studied by Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy

Understanding the thermal reduction of graphene oxide (GO) is important for graphene exfoliation, and chemical and morphological modifications. In this process, the role of trapped water and the evolution of oxygen during annealing are still not well-understood. To unravel the complex mechanisms leading to the removal of oxygen in reduced GO, we have performed in situ transmission infrared absorption spectroscopy measurements of GO films upon thermal annealing at 60–850 °C in vacuum (10–3–10–4 Torr). Using cluster-based first-principles calculations, epoxides, ethers (pyrans and furans), hydroxyls, carboxyls, lactols, and various types of ketones and their possible derivatives have been identified from the spectroscopic data. Furthermore, the interactions between randomly arranged nearby oxygen species are found to affect the spectral response (red and blue shifts) and the overall chemistry during annealing. For instance, the initial composition of oxygen species (relative amounts and types of species, su.
ProSight PTM: an integrated environment for protein identification and characterization by top-down mass spectrometry

ProSight PTM (https://prosightptm.scs.uiuc.edu/) is a web application for identification and characterization of proteins using mass spectra data from 'top-down' fragmentation of intact protein ions (i.e. without any tryptic digestion). ProSight PTM has many tools and graphical features to facilitate analysis of single proteins, proteins in mixtures and proteins fragmented in parallel. Sequence databases from across the phylogenetic tree are supported, with a new database strategy of 'shotgun annotation' used to assist characterization of wild-type proteins. During a database search, data from divergent sources regarding potential mass differences such as polymorphisms, alternate splicing and post-translational modifications are utilized. The user can optionally control how much of this biological variability should be searched.
Towards privacy-preserving computing on distributed electronic health record data

The paper reports on work in progress towards construction of a peer-to-peer framework for privacy preserving computing on distributed electronic health data. The framework supports three different types of federated queries. For privacy-preserving computing, we proposed distributed secure multi-party computation (SMC), where each peer is only involved in secure computations with some of the peers. We hypothesize distributed SMC could enable to achieve more efficient and scalable computing solutions. The architecture of the framework is also described.
Expression of Lymphatic Markers in the Adult Rat Spinal Cord

Under physiological conditions, lymphatic vessels are thought to be absent from the central nervous system (CNS), although they are widely distributed within the rest of the body. Recent work in the eye, i.e., another organ regarded as alymphatic, revealed numerous cells expressing lymphatic markers. As the latter can be involved in the response to pathological conditions, we addressed the presence of cells expressing lymphatic markers within the spinal cord by immunohistochemistry. Spinal cord of young adult Fisher rats was scrutinized for the co-expression of the lymphatic markers PROX1 and LYVE-1 with the cell type markers Iba1, CD68, PGP9.5, OLIG2. Rat skin served as positive control for the lymphatic markers. PROX1-immunoreactivity was detected in many nuclei throughout the spinal cord white and gray matter. These nuclei showed no association with LYVE-1. Expression of LYVE-1 could only be detected in cells at the spinal cord surface and in cells closely associated with blood vessels. These cells were found to co-express Iba1, a macrophage and microglia marker. Further, double labeling experiments using CD68, another marker found in microglia and macrophages, also displayed co-localization in the Iba1+ cells located at the spinal cord surface and those apposed to blood vessels. On the other hand, PROX1-expressing cells found in the parenchyma were lacking Iba1 or PGP9.5, but a significant fraction of those cells showed co-expression of the oligodendrocyte lineage marker OLIG2. Intriguingly, following spinal cord injury, LYVE-1-expressing cells assembled and reorganized into putative pre-vessel structures. As expected, the rat skin used as positive controls revealed classical lymphatic vessels, displaying PROX1+ nuclei surrounded by LYVE-1-immunoreactivity. Classical lymphatics were not detected in adult rat spinal cord. Nevertheless, numerous cells expressing either LYVE-1 or PROX1 were identified. Based on their localization and overlapping expression with Iba1, the LYVE-1+ cell population likely represents a macrophage subpopulation, while a significant fraction of PROX1+ cells belong to the oligodendrocytic lineage based on their distribution and the expression of OLIG2. The response of these LYVE-1+ and PROX1+ cell subpopulations to pathological conditions, especially in spinal cord inflammatory conditions, needs to be further elucidated.
An Open-Source Finite State Morphological Transducer for Modern Standard Arabic

We develop an open-source large-scale finitestate morphological processing toolkit (AraComLex) for Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) distributed under the GPLv3 license. The morphological transducer is based on a lexical database specifically constructed for this purpose. In contrast to previous resources, the database is tuned to MSA, eliminating lexical entries no longer attested in contemporary use. The database is built using a corpus of 1,089,111,204 words, a pre-annotation tool, machine learning techniques, and knowledge-based pattern matching to automatically acquire lexical knowledge. Our morphological transducer is evaluated and compared to LDC's SAMA (Standard Arabic Morphological Analyser).
Toward Machines with Emotional Intelligence

For half a century, artificial intelligence researchers have focused on giving machines linguistic and mathematical-logical reasoning abilities, modeled after the classic linguistic and mathematical-logical intelligences. This chapter describes new research that is giving machines (including software agents, robotic pets, desktop computers, and more) skills of emotional intelligence. Machines have long been able to appear as if they have emotional feelings, but now machines are also being programmed to learn when and how to display emotion in ways that enable the machine to appear empathetic or otherwise emotionally intelligent. Machines are now being given the ability to sense and recognize expressions of human emotion such as interest, distress, and pleasure, with the recognition that such communication is vital for helping machines choose more helpful and less aggravating behavior. This chapter presents several examples illustrating new and forthcoming forms of machine emotional intelligence, highlighting applications together with challenges to their development.
Solving the Measurement Puzzle How EVA and the Balanced Scorecard Fit Together

About the Authors: Marcos Ampuero, Jesse Goranson, and Jason Scott all work within Ernst & Young’s management consulting practice, advising clients on matters of strategy. Mr. Ampuero is a Partner in the firm, and has led projects focused on business and marketing strategy for general industry and financial services, change management, merger integration issues, and international business. He holds an MBA from Harvard Business School, and a doctorate in psychology from Princeton, where he taught for four years. Mr. Goranson, a manager, specializes in strategic measurement, primarily using the Balanced Scorecard methodology. He earned his BS and MS degrees from MIT’s Sloan School of Business, and worked previously as a research analyst for the Federal Aviation Administration. J a s o n S c o t t J e s s e G o r a n s o n M a r c o s A m p u e r o
Knowledge Discovery of Artistic Influences: A Metric Learning Approach

We approach the challenging problem of discovering in-ﬂuences between painters based on their ﬁne-art paintings. In this work, we focus on comparing paintings of two painters in terms of visual similarity. This comparison is fully automatic and based on computer vision approaches and machine learning. We investigated different visual features and similarity measurements based on two different metric learning algorithm to ﬁnd the most appropriate ones that follow artistic motifs. We evaluated our approach by comparing its result with ground truth annotation for a large collection of ﬁne-art paintings.