Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of tropical channel refinement using MPAS‐A aquaplanet simulations

Climate models with variable‐resolution grids offer a computationally less expensive way to provide more detailed information and increased accuracy by resolving processes that cannot be adequately represented by a coarser grid. This study uses the Model for Prediction Across Scales‐Atmosphere (MPAS‐A), consisting of a nonhydrostatic dynamical core and a subset of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model physics, to investigate the potential benefits of using tropical channel refinement. The simulations are performed with an idealized aquaplanet configuration using 30 and 240 km global grid spacing, and two variable‐resolution grids spanning the same grid spacing range; one with a narrow (20°S–20°N) and one with a wide (30°S–30°N) tropical channel refinement. Increasing resolution in the tropics impacts both the tropical and extratropical circulation. Compared to the 30 km global grid, both refined channel simulations exhibit slightly stronger updrafts inside the Hadley cell resulting in more resolved precipitation. Using a wider tropical refinement leads to a closer correspondence with the global high‐resolution grid. While different grid spacings produce similar cloud size distributions that are consistent with observations, the dependence of precipitation rate on cloud size varies among simulations. The refined channel simulations show improved tropical and extratropical precipitation relative to the global coarse simulation. All simulations show a single precipitation peak centered on the equator. Although the results show that tropical refinement is an effective method for avoiding artifacts due to grid resolution sensitivities seen in earlier studies that only refined a portion of the tropics, some biases remain well inside of the refinement region.
On the Finiteness length of some soluble linear groups

Abstract Given a commutative unital ring R, we show that the finiteness length of a group G is bounded above by the finiteness length of the Borel subgroup of rank one $\textbf {B}_2^{\circ }(R)=\left ( \begin {smallmatrix} * & * \\ 0 & * \end {smallmatrix}\right )\leq \operatorname {\textrm {SL}}_2(R)$ whenever G admits certain R-representations with metabelian image. Combined with results due to Bestvina–Eskin–Wortman and Gandini, this gives a new proof of (a generalization of) Bux’s equality on the finiteness length of S-arithmetic Borel groups. We also give an alternative proof of an unpublished theorem due to Strebel, characterizing finite presentability of Abels’ groups $\textbf {A}_n(R) \leq \operatorname {\textrm {GL}}_n(R)$ in terms of n and $\textbf {B}_2^{\circ }(R)$ . This generalizes earlier results due to Remeslennikov, Holz, Lyul’ko, Cornulier–Tessera, and points out to a conjecture about the finiteness length of such groups.
Effect of Nursing Approach Based on Roy's Adaptation Model on Sexual Function and Health Promoting behaviors of Women after Hysterectomy

Background: Hysterectomy is a difficult operation that affects sexual function and alters women's health behaviors and its effect in these aspects has received less attention. One of the nursing models used in improving sexual function and adaptive behaviors after surgeries is Roy's adaptation model. Aim: The present research aimed to evaluate the effect of the nursing approach based on Roy's adaptation model on sexual function and health-promoting behaviors of women after hysterectomy. Design: A quasi-experimental research design (Two-Groups, Time series pre /post-test quasi-experimental design) was used. Sample: A purposive sample of 90 women after hysterectomy operations. Setting: The present research was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecology department and the outpatient clinics at Benha university hospital. Tools: four tools utilized included: self-administered questionnaire, Female Sexual Function Index, Roy Adaptation Model scale and Health Promoting Lifestyle behaviors. The Results: After three and six months of the intervention, the study group's mean scores for Roy's Adaptation Model, health-promoting behaviors, and overall aspects of female sexual function were higher than the scores in the control group with highly statistical difference. Additionally, nearly two-thirds of the research group satisfied of Roy's adaption model for hysterectomy. Conclusion: the implementation of the nursing approach based on Roy's adaptation model had a highly significant improvements in women' sexual function, the women became highly adapted with hysterectomy and showed high level of health-promoting behaviors scores related to hysterectomy in (three and six months) after the intervention among the study group as compared to the control group. Which achieved the current study aim and hypotheses. Recommendations: Provide post-hysterectomy instructional guidelines to promote adaptation to sexual problems after hysterectomy.
Locality estimates for Fresnel-wave-propagation and stability of x-ray phase contrast imaging with finite detectors

Coherent wave-propagation in the near-field Fresnel-regime is the underlying contrast-mechanism to (propagation-based) x-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI), an emerging lensless technique that enables 2D- and 3D-imaging of biological soft tissues and other light-element samples down to nanometer-resolutions. Mathematically, propagation is described by the Fresnel-propagator, a convolution with an arbitrarily non-local kernel. As real-world detectors may only capture a finite field-of-view, this non-locality implies that the recorded diffraction-patterns are necessarily incomplete. This raises the question of stability of image-reconstruction from the truncated data—even if the complex-valued wave-field, and not just its modulus, could be measured. Contrary to the latter restriction of the acquisition, known as the phase-problem, the finite-detector-problem has not received much attention in literature. The present work therefore analyzes locality of Fresnel-propagation in order to establish stability of XPCI with finite detectors. Image-reconstruction is shown to be severely ill-posed in this setting—even without a phase-problem. However, quantitative estimates of the leaked wave-field reveal that Lipschitz-stability holds down to a sharp resolution limit that depends on the detector-size and varies within the field-of-view. The smallest resolvable lengthscale is found to be ≈ times the detector’s aspect length, where is the Fresnel number associated with the latter scale. The stability results are extended to phaseless imaging in the linear contrast-transfer-function regime.
Modified Method for Drawing Geographic Maps by Using Cubic Spline Interpolation

This paper presents suggested modified algorithm to draw the geographic maps. Cubic spline interpolation had been used to draw these maps by generating intermediate points between each two points from a set of given points, where these intermediate points represent the control points which they are used to constrain the curvature of cubic spline depending on a value named divisor value that represents the distance between any two adjacent points at spline knots, and specified by the user. Intermediate points have a great effect on curve shape, through dividing the interval between two adjacent points into equal subintervals. This makes the results of the weights a i , b i and c i in spline function will be equal to zero and d i has already been determined to be d i = y i , according the equations determining the weights,. So we can draw lines and polygons that are necessary in drawing geographic maps.
Some remarks on transformations used for stability and robust stability analysis of time-delay systems

It is quite common in stability analysis of time-delay systems to make special transformations of the system under investigation in order to get stability conditions which depend on values of delays. We discuss additional conditions for the asymptotic stability of the transformed system which do not appear for that of the original system. These conditions are results of the transformations and may be expressed in the form of specific restrictions imposed on spectrum location of some system matrices.
Ultrasound Elastography Role versus Liver Biopsy in Diagnosing and Staging of Hepatic Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease Patients

Background: Ultrasound elastography is a novel and promising noninvasive method based on sonography for assessing liver fibrosis in persons with chronic viral hepatitis. Objective: The aim of the current work was to assess the effectiveness of ultrasound elastography as a non-invasive alternative method of liver biopsy for the diagnosis and staging of hepatic fibrosis in people with chronic liver disease. Patients and methods: This study included a total of 50 patients with chronic HCV who had been identified by using PCR testing for HCV RNA and seropositivity for HCV antibodies, attending at Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI). Prior to starting treatment, patients were referred for evaluation and underwent abdominal ultrasonography, ultrasound-guided liver biopsies, and real-time elastography (RTE) to quantify the stiffness of the liver. Results: liver fibrosis index (LFI) and stage of liver fibrosis identified by very sensitive liver biopsy showed a significantly positive connection (ranging of sensitivity from 86.36 % to 100%) and high specificity ranging from (78.57 % to 89.36%). High sensitivity and specificity was observed specially in high grades of fibrosis ≥F3 and F4. For determining the extent of liver fibrosis in CHC patients, RTE shown a high level of performance utilizing LFI, and it proved to be notably helpful for the identification of early cirrhosis and advanced hepatitis, both of which are issues in clinical practice. Additionally, it contrasted well with the reported pooled TE performance. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the future of elastography imaging is optimistic, and RTE appears to be a promising method since it can yield a good diagnostic performance to predict advanced fibrosis in CHC, and to detect hepatic fibrosis staging.
Unitary Representations with Dirac Cohomology: Finiteness in the Real Case

Let $G$ be a complex connected simple algebraic group with a fixed real form $\sigma $. Let $G({\mathbb{R}})=G^\sigma $ be the corresponding group of real points. This paper reports a finiteness theorem for the classification of irreducible unitary Harish-Chandra modules of $G({\mathbb{R}})$ (up to equivalence) having nonvanishing Dirac cohomology. Moreover, we study the distribution of the spin norm along Vogan pencils for certain $G({\mathbb{R}})$, with particular attention paid to the unitarily small convex hull introduced by Salamanca-Riba and Vogan.
Comparison of spectral invariants in Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Floer theory

We compare spectral invariants in periodical orbits and Lagrangian Floer homology case, for closed symplectic manifold $P$ and its closed Lagrangian submanifold $L$, when $\omega|_{\pi_2(P,L)}=0$, and $\mu|_{\pi_2(P,L)}=0$. From this result, we derive a corollary considering comparison of Hofer's distance in periodic orbits and Lagrangian case. We also define a product $HF_*(H)\otimes HF_*(L,\phi^1_H(L))\to HF_*(L,\phi^1_H(L))$ and prove subadditivity of invariants with respect to this product.
Distributed Control Subject to Delays Satisfying an $\mathcal{H}_\infty$ Norm Bound

This paper presents a characterization of distributed controllers subject to delay constraints induced by a strongly connected communication graph that achieve a prescribed closed loop $\mathcal{H}_\infty$ norm. Inspired by the solution to the $\mathcal{H}_2$ problem subject to delays, we exploit the fact that the communication graph is strongly connected to decompose the controller into a local finite impulse response component and a global but delayed infinite impulse response component. This allows us to reduce the control synthesis problem to a linear matrix inequality feasibility test.
Detection of Glaucoma on Fundus Images Using Deep Learning on a New Image Set Obtained with a Smartphone and Handheld Ophthalmoscope

Statistics show that an estimated 64 million people worldwide suffer from glaucoma. To aid in the detection of this disease, this paper presents a new public dataset containing eye fundus images that was developed for glaucoma pattern-recognition studies using deep learning (DL). The dataset, denoted Brazil Glaucoma, comprises 2000 images obtained from 1000 volunteers categorized into two groups: those with glaucoma (50%) and those without glaucoma (50%). All images were captured with a smartphone attached to a Welch Allyn panoptic direct ophthalmoscope. Further, a DL approach for the automatic detection of glaucoma was developed using the new dataset as input to a convolutional neural network ensemble model. The accuracy between positive and negative glaucoma detection, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated using five-fold cross-validation to train and refine the classification model. The results showed that the proposed method can identify glaucoma from eye fundus images with an accuracy of 90.0%. Thus, the combination of fundus images obtained using a smartphone attached to a portable panoptic ophthalmoscope and artificial intelligence algorithms yielded satisfactory results in the overall accuracy of glaucoma detection tests. Consequently, the proposed approach can contribute to the development of technologies aimed at massive population screening of the disease.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Process Parameters during Micro-Milling of Nickel-Based Alloy Inconel 718 Using Taguchi-Grey Relation Integrated Approach

This research investigates the machinability of Inconel 718 under conventional machining speeds using three different tool coatings in comparison with uncoated tool during milling operation. Cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut were selected as variable machining parameters to analyze output responses including surface roughness, burr formation and tool wear. It was found that uncoated and AlTiN coated tools resulted in lower tool wear than nACo and TiSiN coated tools. On the other hand, TiSiN coated tools resulted in highest surface roughness and burr formation. Among the three machining parameters, feed was identified as the most influential parameter affecting burr formation. Grey relational analysis identified the most optimal experimental run with a speed of 14 m/min, feed of 1 μm/tooth, and depth of cut of 70 μm using an AlTiN coated tool. ANOVA of the regression model identified the tool coating parameter as most effective, with a contribution ratio of 41.64%, whereas cutting speed and depth of cut were found to have contribution ratios of 18.82% and 8.10%, respectively. Experimental run at response surface optimized conditions resulted in reduced surface roughness and tool wear by 18% and 20%, respectively.
Evolutionary games on graphs and discrete dynamical systems

Evolutionary games on graphs play an important role in the study of evolution of cooperation in applied biology. Using rigorous mathematical concepts from a dynamical systems and graph theoretical point of view, we formalize the notions of attractor, update rules and update orders. We prove results on attractors for different utility functions and update orders. For complete graphs we characterize attractors for synchronous and sequential update rules. In other cases (for -regular graphs or for different update orders) we provide sufficient conditions for attractivity of full cooperation and full defection. We construct examples to show that these conditions are not necessary. Finally, by formulating a list of open questions we emphasize the advantages of our rigorous approach.
Nucleation and propagation of dislocations during nanopore lattice mending by laser annealing: Modified continuum-atomistic modeling

This paper investigates the atomic-level microscopic dynamic behavior of a solid-state nanopore lattice mending process by femtosecond laser annealing using a modified continuum-atomistic modeling approach. The nucleation and propagation of dislocation are also depicted via quantitative dislocation analyses. Three typical lattice mending phases, including (i) the incubation of dislocation nucleation, (ii) pressure-induced dislocation propagation and plastic deformation, and (iii) lattice recovery and reconstruction via thermal diffusion, are thoroughly characterized by the evolution of microscopic dislocation and the slope change of atomic mean-squared displacement curve. The results of the analyses indicate that the structural mending originated from the heterogeneous nucleation of dislocation from the pore surface. The laser-induced shock waves provide considerable mechanical work and, consequently, are transferred largely to become an equivalent applied stress on the activated glide planes. These pressure-induced multiple glides on a lattice near the pore rapidly and effectively enable the mending operations in solid-state structural transition processes. Subsequently, the relaxation of the compression stress leads to the target material that is rapidly swelled in the $z$ direction with an expansive strain rate of $2.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The expansion dynamics and associated tension stress further induce drastic emissions of dislocation after the pore is completely mended. Moreover, it is also observed that the dislocation of sessile stair rods can act as a strong barrier to prevent further glide on slip planes, thus leading to a local strain-hardening effect. The simulation results presented in this paper provide comprehensive insights for a better understanding of the laser-induced solid-state nanopore mending process. The approach proposed here can also be modified and used to further investigate the mechanisms of laser-induced surface hardening with various advanced functional materials.
Functional central limit theorem for the interface of the multitype contact process

We study the interface of the multitype contact process on $\mathbb{Z}$. In this process, each site of $\mathbb{Z}$ is either empty or occupied by an individual of one of two species. Each individual dies with rate 1 and attempts to give birth with rate $2 R \lambda$; the position for the possible new individual is chosen uniformly at random within distance $R$ of the parent, and the birth is suppressed if this position is already occupied. We consider the process started from the configuration in which all sites to the left of the origin are occupied by one of the species and all sites to the right of the origin by the other species, and study the evolution of the region of interface between the two species. We prove that, under diffusive scaling, the position of the interface converges to Brownian motion.
Protective effect of Tanshinone IIA on LPS-induced canine endometritis

Canine endometritis is a common disease in dogs. This work intends to establish the model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced canine endometritis, and investigate the effect of Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) on canine endometritis. At first, we tested the rectal temperature and the production of IL-1β and TNF-α at 6 h, 12 h, 18 h and 24 h after LPS administration. Then 9 beagles were divided into 3 groups on average, all beagles received intraperitoneal injection of saline solution (group 1 and 2) or Tan IIA (group 3) at 6 h before and after LPS challenge. Beagles of group 2 and 3 were performed uterine infusion of LPS, and beagles of group 1 were performed uterine infusion of saline solution. The rectal temperature was measured 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, 24 h post-LPS challenge, all uterus were collected after 24 h post-LPS challenge. The results showed that canine endometritis can be established by LPS at the concentration of 0.5 mg/kg of body weight after 24 h performance. The rectal temperature, the production of IL-1β and TNF-α increased significantly when the model was established. The results showed that rectal temperature, production of IL-1β and TNF-α and the expression of IL-6 were significantly reduced after treatment with Tan IIA compared with the group of LPS challenge only. However, the expression of IL-10 increased after Tan IIA treatment. Considering the positive anti-inflammation effect on the LPS-induced canine endometritis, Tan IIA may be used as a therapeutic agent to treat the clinical canine endometritis.
Measurements of optical refrigeration in ytterbium-doped crystals

We measured anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling (optical refrigeration) in ytterbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG). Pumping the 2.3% Yb3+:YAG crystal with 1.8 W of 1030 nm laser light produced a temperature drop of 8.9 °C from room temperature. The high thermal conductivity and ruggedness of this crystal make it an attractive material for use in optical refrigerators. Our spectral studies show that pure crystals of this material could be efficient for optical refrigeration at temperatures above ∼100 K. Photothermal deflection measurements show that our current crystals can cool at ∼250 K. Additionally, we measured optical refrigeration in a 5% Yb3+:Y2SiO5 crystal when pumped at 1050 nm.
Analysis of the Variables Influencing Success in Elite Handball with Polar Coordinates

In today’s elite handball, coaching staff seek to know as much as possible about all the details of their sport to gain an advantage by adapting their model of play or by looking for the opponent’s weak points. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse which variables can influence success in each phase of the match with polar coordinates. Observational methodology was used to analyse success or failure within the nature of handball by means of an ad hoc observation instrument designed and validated for this research. A total of 14 elite men’s handball matches from the 2019–2020 season were analysed. The relationships between success and failure of all behaviours were performed with polar coordinates. The results show that one of the keys to achieving victory in matches is centred on a high level of success in the defensive phase that allows the team to recover the ball and to be able to go on the counterattack to obtain a clear option for a goal. This research allows us to see how we can achieve success in the different phases of the game and improve team performance with these indicators. These results suggest that it is necessary for teams to train at a high pace of play, linking the different phases of the game in order to recover the ball in the defensive phase and attack in the shortest possible time against an unstructured defence to achieve success in the match and the final victory.
Calculation of grazing incidence EXAFS: Fresnel theory versus DWBA

The Fresnel theory with its numerous extensions is a well established method for the calculation of grazing incidence x-ray reflectivities for single surfaces and (multi-)layered systems. However, lateral surface correlations—which are always present e.g. for polycrystalline thin films—cannot be included in these calculations. Furthermore the application of the Fresnel theory is restricted to investigations of specular reflectivities, i.e. off specular reflectivities cannot be calculated. These limitations can be overcome by the application of the distortedwave Born approximation (DWBA). Simulations of grazing incidence reflection mode EXAFS spectra will be presented and the results obtained using different calculation procedures such as the Fresnel theory, the Névot–Croce model and the DWBA are compared. Furthermore, we will also prove the existence of a fine structure similar to EXAFS which can be observed in the region of diffusely scattered intensities. We will show that this new EXAFS technique is surface sensitive even for grazing angles above the critical angle of total reflection.