Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Navigating External Debt Dynamics for Sustainable Growth: Multinational Analysis

This research endeavors to unravel the complex interplay between external debt dynamics and economic growth. External debt is necessary for countries to finance investments in infrastructure, human capital, technology, economic growth, and address balance of payments. It plays a pivotal role in supporting development initiatives and crisis management. The study took 41 diverse countries within the International Monetary Fund (IMF) framework from 2005 to 2021. Employing a meticulously curated dataset encompassing various economic indicators GDP growth, external debt, government consumption, inflation, and imports this study applies System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and Difference GMM approach. High external debt is linked to lower GDP growth, indicating negative correlation. The study highlights the impact of government consumption, inflation, and imports on GDP growth, with varying effects based on analytical methods. Evidence-based recommendations include prudent debt management, efficient government spending, and trade-friendly policies for sustainable economic expansion.
A Network Analysis-Driven Framework for Factual Explainability of Knowledge Graphs

Knowledge Graphs are widely used to represent knowledge structures in complex domains. In most real-world scenarios, these knowledge structures are dynamic. As a result, measures must be developed to assess the robustness and usability of Knowledge Graphs in temporal settings. Additionally, the explainability of inherent knowledge constituents is crucial for the desired attention of Knowledge Graphs, particularly in temporal settings. In this paper, we developed a framework to understand the robustness of factual explainability of Knowledge Graphs. The method is further verified by using meso-level attributes of the knowledge graph. The complex network analysis along with the community structures are co-evaluated through homophilic and heterophilic properties within the graph to validate the robustness of the factual interpretations. The analysis reveals that symbolic representation could be used as a reasonable metric for extracting link-based communities.
Quantifying the main urban area expansion of Guangzhou using Landsat imagery

ABSTRACT This article takes the main urban area of Guangzhou as the study area. Twelve land-use maps were interpreted from Landsat Thematic Mapper images using feature enhancement technology and Naïve Bayes-based weight vector AdaBoost (WV AdaBoost). The study shows that since 1987, with heavily cultivated land being lost and vegetation cover shrinking, the urban area has doubled in size. The effects of human activities on the landscape have become increasingly apparent and complicated. It also finds that the expansion pattern has been transformed from one in which the city’s main urban area engulfed the surrounding residential area to one in which surrounding towns expanded, driven by the development of the main urban area. By analysing the relationship between the social economy, population, and land-use change, we show that the forces driving expansion of the urban area have differed in different periods. The principal driving forces are national policymaking and adjustment, the aggregation and diffusion of population and economic development. Multitemporal land-use maps allow long-term dynamic monitoring of urban land cover in Guangzhou and provide important details of urban expansion and changes in land use. We employed intervals of 2 and 3 years, and our results provide good supporting data for studies of urban extension trends and reasonable urban planning.
Harnessing artificial intelligence for data-driven energy predictive analytics: A systematic survey towards enhancing sustainability

The escalating trends in energy consumption and the associated emissions of pollutants in the past century have led to energy depletion and environmental pollution. Achieving comprehensive sustainability requires the optimization of energy efficiency and the implementation of efficient energy management strategies. Artificial intelligence (AI), a prominent machine learning paradigm, has gained significant traction in control applications and found extensive utility in various energy-related domains. The utilization of AI techniques for addressing energy-related challenges is favored due to their aptitude for handling complex and nonlinear data structures. Based on the preliminary inquiries, it has been observed that predictive analytics, prominently driven by artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms, assumes a crucial position in energy management across various sectors. This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to gain deeper insights into the progression of AI in energy research from 2003 to 2023. AI models can be used to accurately predict energy consumption, load profiles, and resource planning, ensuring consistent performance and efficient resource utilization. This review article summarizes the existing literature on the implementation of AI in the development of energy management systems. Additionally, it explores the challenges and potential areas of research in applying ANN to energy system management. The study demonstrates that ANN can effectively address integration issues between energy and power systems, such as solar and wind forecasting, power system frequency analysis and control, and transient stability assessment. Based on the comprehensive state-of-the-art study, it can be inferred that the implementation of AI has consistently led to energy reductions exceeding 25%. Furthermore, this article discusses future research directions in this field.
Synthesis of Copper-Substituted Polyoxovanadate and Oxidation of 1-Phenyl Ethanol

Dicopper-substituted polyoxovanadate [Cu2V16O44(NO3)]5− (Cu2V16) was synthesized through the reaction of [Cu2V8O24]4− and [V4O12]4− in the presence of nitrate salt. From single crystal X-ray analysis, Cu2V16 exhibited the same helical structure as that of nitrate-incorporated polyoxovanadate, [V18O46(NO3)]5− (V18). Both complexes had the same framework with the same guest anion and are considered to be substituted isomers for each other by replacing two Cu2+ ions and two [VO]2+ ions. The incorporated nitrate showed short and long N–O bond lengths (1.14, 1.26 and 1.30 Å) as in the case of V18 (1.09, 1.16 and 1.28 Å). Reflecting the inequivalent bond lengths of the nitrate, the IR spectrum of V18 shows split peaks at 1359 and 1342 cm−1. But the Cu2V16 spectrum showed a single peak due to the presence of nitrate at 1353 cm−1. When the temperature was lowered, the nitrate peak in Cu2V16 was split into two positions at 1354 and 1345 cm−1 when the temperature reached −140 °C. These results indicate that the nitrate incorporated in Cu2V16 rotates relatively easily in the Cu2V16 cavity at room temperature compared to V18. In addition, the oxidation of 1-phenyl ethanol to acetophenone with Cu2V16 smoothly proceeded in comparison with V18. By taking advantage of the same framework in both catalysts, we can deduce the position of potential active sites in the oxidation reaction. We have concluded that the most active site is not on the peripheral of the vanadate framework, but it is reasonable to suggest that the active site is on the substituted copper atoms rather than the polyoxovanadate framework.
Assessing potential habitat suitability of vulnerable endemic species: a case study of Diospyros celebica Bakh and Rhyticeros cassidix

Diospyros celebica Bakh and Rhyticeros cassidix are known to be associated in several locations in Sulawesi. Both of these species are endemic to Indonesia that live throughout the island of Sulawesi. Species Distribution Modeling using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) is considered an alternative way to understand the potential area suitable for a species. Model predictions from MaxEnt for all species have an AUC value of 0.887 and 0.837. Suitable habitat for D. celebica Bakh in Central Sulawesi (Morowali Utara, and The southern coast of Banggai) and South Sulawesi (Luwu Timur, Luwu Utara, Toraja Utara, Barru, Pangkep, Maros, Sidrap, Wajo, Sidenreng Rappang, and Gowa). However, the suitable habitat for D. celebica Bakh and R. cassidix in the association is much smaller. Environmental variables that are considered important that influence the occurrence of D. celebica Bakh are Soil Types, especially soil types Dystric Fluvisols, Eutric Fluvisols, Or - thic Luvisols, Orthic Acrisols, Eutric Cambisols, rainfall, and bio13. While R. cassidix is affected by distance from roads, distance from settlements, and distance from rivers, based on actual data points and habitat predictions. Most of the suitable habitat for D. celebica Bakh and R. cassidix is estimated to be outside the conservation area, but the suitable habitat is estimated in 8 functional status conservation areas. These results can be used by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia, and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry for determination.
An Examination of the Validity of MRPS Method for the Detection of Label-free E. Coli and Enterococci in Ships Ballast Water

To test for compliance with the D-2 standard for ballast water management convention of the International Maritime Organization, the bacteriological quality of ship’s ballast water is determined to evaluate the risk of invasion of non-indigenous species both onboard ship and in Port. In this article, hydrodynamic flow focusing particles viewed through a microfluidic resistive pulse sensor (MRPS) was used to detect the pathogenic bacteria from ship’s ballast water. Escherichia coli and Enterococci were addressed as bacterial indicators to determine of their characteristic and concentration. The system provided the individual particle-by-particle readout in rather large 20 μm x 10 μm x 8 μm (length x width x height) horizontal rectangular microchannel duct. The average volume flow rate was 4.5 μl/min. However, it returned online and real time results for a complete of 30 μl sample volume during 15 min. The system was low maintenance, high in sensitivity, good accuracy and reliable. Targeted bacteria needed neither labelling nor extracting DNA.
Molecular Determinants of Drug Resistance and Mutation Patterns in Influenza Viruses Circulating in Poland Across Multiple Epidemic Seasons: Implications for Vaccination Strategies

Background According to the WHO, up to 650 000 people die each year from seasonal flu-related respiratory illnesses. The most effective method of fighting the virus is seasonal vaccination. However, if an infection does occur, antiviral medications should be used as soon as possible. No studies of drug resistance in influenza viruses circulating in Poland have been systematically conducted. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the drug resistance and genetic diversity of influenza virus strains circulating in Poland by determining the presence of mutations in the neuraminidase gene. Material/Methods A total of 258 clinical specimens were collected during the 2016–2017, 2017–2018, and 2018–2019 epidemic seasons. The samples containing influenza A and B were analyzed by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Results Differences were found between the influenza virus strains detected in different epidemic seasons, demonstrating the occurrence of mutations. Influenza A virus was found to be more genetically variable than influenza B virus (P<0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test). However, there was no significant difference in the resistance prevalence between the influenza A subtypes A/H1N1/pdm09 (4.8%) and A/H3N2/ (6.1%). In contrast, more mutations of drug-resistance genes were found in the influenza B virus (P<0.001, chi-square test). In addition, resistance mutations appeared en masse in vaccine strains circulating in unvaccinated populations. Conclusions It seems important to determine whether the influenza virus strains tested for drug resistance as part of global influenza surveillance are equally representative of viruses circulating in populations with high and low vaccination rates, for all countries. Our results suggest that countries with low levels of influenza immunization may constitute reservoirs of drug-resistant influenza viruses.
Effect of different forms of tobacco on the oral microbiome in healthy adults: a systematic review

Objective The study aimed to evaluate the impact of tobacco use on the composition and functions of the oral microbiome in healthy adult humans. Methods We conducted a systematic search on PubMed, Web of Science, and Cinhal databases for literature published until 15 December 2023, to identify studies that have evaluated the oral microbiome with culture-independent next-generation techniques comparing the oral microbiome of tobacco users and non-users. The search followed the PECO format. The outcomes included changes in microbial diversity and abundance of microbial taxa. The quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) (PROSPERO ID CRD42022340151). Results Out of 2,435 articles screened, 36 articles satisfied the eligibility criteria and were selected for full-text review. Despite differences in design, quality, and population characteristics, most studies reported an increase in bacterial diversity and richness in tobacco users. The most notable bacterial taxa enriched in users were Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria at the phylum level and Streptococcus, Prevotella, and Veillonella at the genus level. At the functional level, more similarities could be noted; amino acid metabolism and xenobiotic biodegradation pathways were increased in tobacco users compared to non-users. Most of the studies were of good quality on the NOS scale. Conclusion Tobacco smoking influences oral microbial community harmony, and it shows a definitive shift towards a proinflammatory milieu. Heterogeneities were detected due to sampling and other methodological differences, emphasizing the need for greater quality research using standardized methods and reporting. Systematic Review Registration CRD42022340151.
Entero-Cutaneous and Entero-Atmospheric Fistulas: Insights into Management Using Negative Pressure Wound Therapy

Enteric fistulas are a common problem in gastrointestinal tract surgery and remain associated with significant mortality rates, due to complications such as sepsis, malnutrition, and electrolyte imbalance. The increasingly widespread use of open abdomen techniques for the initial treatment of abdominal sepsis and trauma has led to the observation of so-called entero-atmospheric fistulas. Because of their clinical complexity, the proper management of enteric fistula requires a multidisciplinary team. The main goal of the treatment is the closure of enteric fistula, but also mortality reduction and improvement of patients’ quality of life are fundamental. Successful management of patients with enteric fistula requires the establishment of controlled drainage, management of sepsis, prevention of fluid and electrolyte depletion, protection of the skin, and provision of adequate nutrition. Many of these fistulas will heal spontaneously within 4 to 6 weeks of conservative management. If closure is not accomplished after this time point, surgery is indicated. Despite advances in perioperative care and nutritional support, the mortality remains in the range of 15 to 30%. In more recent years, the use of negative pressure wound therapy for the resolution of enteric fistulas improved the outcomes, so patients can be successfully treated with a non-operative approach. In this review, our intent is to highlight the most important aspects of negative pressure wound therapy in the treatment of patients with enterocutaneous or entero-atmospheric fistulas.
Research on Task-Offloading Delay in the IoV Based on a Queuing Network

In this paper, we address the challenge of task offloading for mobile edge computing in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). We employ a closed queuing network model to analyze the optimal server load percentage, focusing on the response time of tasks. We evaluate the delay of task offloading by constructing a closed queuing network model and applying the analysis of this network. Additionally, we analyze the system performance by varying the number of vehicles, the number of edge servers, and the edge server load percentage. The results of the study show that there exists an optimal edge server load percentage during task offloading, and this value makes it possible to compute the minimum average response time spent for a task during offloading while ensuring fairness in offloading delays. Increasing the number of edge servers affects the selection of the optimal load percentage, which in turn reduces the minimum response time. Moreover, as the number of vehicles increases, the average response time of tasks in the system increases accordingly. This paper provides a solution for delay-oriented task offloading in the IoV.
Multi-passive coherent location radar system for detection range and range-doppler resolution in Tarakan

The presence of many radio frequency illuminators in an area provides an opportunity to be used as a transmission source for a passive radar system called a passive coherent locator (PCL). Unlike the active radar, the passive radar provides advantages such as low cost without an active transmitter, potential for broad range measurements, portable in construction, anti-detectable by active radar or electronic counter measures (ECM), etc. Just like other areas where there are many PCL in Tarakan such as FM radio transmission (RRI), many base-stations (BTS) from 4G-LTE network, digital TV transmission, access-point (AP) from wireless fidelity (WiFi), and so on. This paper will present and analyze all of these PCLs which include predictions of performance and ambiguity function (AF). Performance prediction is related to range detection which provides information about target detection range, radar cross section, and range-velocity resolution. While AF analyzes the transmit waveform of all PCL which gives a limit of resolution to the range and Doppler of adjacent targets. The results of the evaluation and analysis of performance predictions show that FM radio transmission (RRI) has a range and velocity resolution of 1 km and 12 m/s, respectively and the detection range at a maximum SNR of 15 dB is around 4 km. While the results of the AF evaluation on the PCL obtained range and Doppler resolution of around 2.73 km and 500 Hz, respectively.
The effective elastic thickness of the continental lithosphere: Comparison between rheological and inverse approaches

Following the release of global continental effective elastic thickness (Te) maps obtained using different approaches, we now have the opportunity to provide better constraints on Te. We improve previous estimates of Te derived from thermo‐rheological models of lithospheric strength (or Ter) using new equations that consider variations of the Young's Modulus in the lithosphere. These new values are quantitatively compared with those obtained from an inverse approach (or Tei) based on a comparison of the spectral coherence between topography and gravity anomalies with the flexural response of an equivalent elastic plate to loading. The two models show in general a good agreement, having equal means (at the 95% significance level) in about half of the continental areas. In other regions Tei exceeds Ter in about 65% of the data points, showing that Tei provides an upper bound on Te. The two data sets have a similar range, but demonstrate different distributions. Ter has a bimodal distribution, with the two peaks representative of the cratons and of the areas outside of them. In contrast, Tei has more uniform distribution without predominant peaks. Our models show higher similarities in the Meso‐Cenozoic orogens than in the Archaean and Proterozoic shields and platforms, due to the methods employed. For the regions with the most robust determinations of Ter and Tei, the relationship between them is close to linear. The results of this work can be used for further studies on the mechanical properties of the lithosphere.
Rectification of the Diurnal Cycle Over Small Islands in Radiative-Convective Equilibrium

Convective heating over the Maritime Continent (MC) plays a major role in the atmospheric general circulation, but is poorly represented in general by global models, which often suffer a dry bias over the region (Neale and Slingo 2003). Recent observations that precipitation is greater over islands as compared to the surrounding ocean regions (e.g. Sobel et al. (2011)), together with the strong observed diurnal cycle in precipitation (e.g. Yang and Slingo (2001)), have led to hypotheses that the diurnal cycle may be related to the enhancement of time-mean precipitation over islands (Neale and Slingo 2003; Qian 2008; Robinson et al. 2008). However, the mechanisms responsible for such “rectification" of the diurnal cycle remain somewhat unclear, and the hypotheses of different authors are somewhat divergent. A common thread in all three of these studies, as well as other work on modeling of precipitation over tropical islands (Sato et al. 2009; Robinson et al. 2011), is invocation of the importance of dynamical convective forcing due to low-level convergence of land-sea and mountain-valley breezes. However, the complexity of such circulations in real terrain, especially in concert with other differences between the land and ocean lower boundaries, makes it difficult to precisely identify whether or not such forcing is a primary or essential mechanism of rectification. Here, we attempt to ask a somewhat more basic question by throwing away all land-ocean contrasts except the difference in heat capacity. We thus pose the question of whether the lower heat capacity of an island, by itself, can induce rectification of the diurnal cycle and precipitation enhancement over an island compared to the surrounding ocean.
Research on Cooperative Control of Multiple Intelligent Networked Vehicles Based on the Improved Leader–Follower Method

In order to study the group cooperative control method of multiple intelligent networked vehicles, the multiple intelligent networked vehicles can move in the form of a fleet. Based on the leader–follower method, the paper optimizes the control effect of the leader–follower method by solving the error transmission phenomenon in the leader–follower method. In this paper, the modeling of the multiple intelligent connected vehicle adopts the vehicle dynamics model and the Magic Formula/Swift Magic tire model, and adopts the model predictive control (MPC) dynamics trajectory tracking controller for control. Through the CarSim–Simulink multi-vehicle dynamics co-simulation platform established in this paper, the group cooperative control experiments of multiple intelligent networked vehicles under different working conditions were carried out for simulation verification. The analysis results show that the maximum average error of the proposed method decreases from 8.802 to 0.094 in the case of straight line and 0.669 to 0.379 in the case of curve tracking, which proves that the method can effectively reduce the transmission of errors.