Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Women and feminism as subjects of black study: The difficulties and dilemmas of carrying out re‐search

Abstract This paper examines the difficulties and dilemmas faced by a ‘black’ re‐searcher when she attempts to carry out re‐search on a ‘black’ community. What difference does ‘race’ make to the re‐search process? The paper argues, the difficulties and dilemmas experienced by ‘black’ women re‐searchers may be very different to those experienced by white women re‐searchers. Issues of ‘race’ are apparent and enter into the re‐search itself. The paper questions the ways in which re‐search can be conducted and the specific relationships that exist between the re‐searcher and the re‐searched. ‘Black’ women's visible experience (their skin colour) may affect how the re‐searchers perceive and respond to them. What difference does ‘race’ make to problems of access, the ‘presentation of self,’ and power relations in the re‐search process? The data for the paper is based on re‐search carried out among South Asian women within the household in reference to patriarchy theory and focuses on the intersection of gender .
Race, Cultural Capital, and the Educational Effects of Participation in Sports

The relationship between participation in sports and academic achievement is examined by exploring both the factors that predict participation in different sports and the influence that participation in specific sports has on academic achievement. While previous studies analyzed the effects of participation in sports on achievement, little research has explored whether students who have fewer academic resources are more likely to play sports. Using data from the National Educational Longitudinal Survey, this study considers whether cultural capital, household educational resources, family structure, and race are related to participation in football, basketball, or other sports and whether the effects of participation on several measures of academic achievement differ by race and sport. The findings suggest that cultural disadvantage contributes to an increased interest in and perhaps dependence on basketball and football as a means of social capital.
A Descriptive Model of Dysfunctional Cognitions in Child Molesters

Distorted or maladaptive thinking is widely acknowledged as an important variable in both the initiation and maintenance of sexual offending. The aim of this study was to develop a descriptive model to classify sex offenders' cognitions concerning their offending behavior. Offense descriptions were obtained from 20 incarcerated male child sex offenders undergoing assessment for a sex offender treatment program. A data-driven approach to model development—grounded theory—was taken in the qualitative analysis of these offense accounts. The resulting model consisted of four categories: offense chain, cognitive operations, cognitive content, and metavariables. To determine its content validity and reliability, the model was applied to the offense descriptions of a sample of 25 incarcerated child molesters also undergoing pretreatment assessment. Results suggest that the model has provisional validity and adequate interrater reliability. Finally, the authors discuss the theoretical and clinical implications of the model.
Legacy job titles in IT: the search for clarity

The use of Information Technology (IT) job titles is problematic. Titles may have different meanings depending on context, with job descriptions and responsibilities varying from one organization to another. This paper investigates the causes of this issue by examining the historical context; a comparison is made with three other established professional groupings and differences determined. The ramifications from current recruitment practices are identified, highlighting the potential conflict between business needs and for IT as a profession. An empirical approach towards job title discovery is suggested, utilizing the body of knowledge already available.
Phonological processes in reading Chinese characters.

Native chinese speakers participated in character identification tasks that differ in the extent to which they involve prelexical vs, postlexical phonological processes. A backward visual masking procedure previously found to show prelexical phonemic effect in English failed to produce such effects in reading chinese characters. Two priming experiments, by contrast, found evidence of semantic and phonological priming in the identification of masked characters (experiment 3) and in speed of character naming (experiment 4)
Text Classification Using Hierarchical Sparse Representation Classifiers

In this paper, we propose to use sparse representation classifier (SRC) for text classification. The sparse representation of an example is obtained by using an overcomplete dictionary made up of term frequency (TF) vectors corresponding to all the training documents. We propose to seed the dictionary using principal components of TF vector representation corresponding to training text documents. In this work, we also propose 2-level hierarchical SRC (HSRC) by exploiting the similarity among the classes. We propose to use weighted decomposition principal component analysis (WDPCA) in the second level of HSRC to seed the dictionary to discriminate the similar classes. The effectiveness of the proposed approach to build HSRC for text classification is demonstrated on 20 Newsgroup Corpus.
Ability of the pigeon (Columba livia) to intercept moving targets.

The ability of pigeons to intercept moving targets was examined by training 7 birds over a period of 7 days to pick up food pellets from a conveyor belt moving from left to right. The percentage of successful pecks declined with increasing target speed rather than dropped suddenly to zero argues that the pigeons were able to compensate for the movement of the targets
The role of the speech and language therapist in psychiatry

Speech and language therapy is a small profession. If only reached its golden jubilee year in 1995 and misleadingly, remains for many highly associated with the elocution training in which the profession had its genesis. In the last few years the greatest developments have been in the area of cognitive neuropsychological and functional (pragmatic) models for the assessment and management of language and communication. It is the premise of this article that speech and language therapists are likely to prove flexible and valuable members of the multidisciplinary team, with the ability to contribute a further dimension to care planning — that of specific clinical input to the wide range of language, speech and communication impairments associated with the major mental illnesses (Gravell & France, 1991).
Network effects and pathways in Deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease

Deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) became a standard therapeutic option in Parkinson's disease (PD), even though the underlying modulated network of STN-DBS is still poorly described. Probabilistic tractography and connectivity analysis as derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed together with modelling of implanted electrode positions and linked postoperative clinical outcome. Fifteen patients with idiopathic PD without dementia were selected for DBS treatment. After pre-processing, probabilistic tractography was run from cortical and subcortical seeds of the hypothesized network to targets represented by the positions of the active DBS contacts. The performed analysis showed that the projections of the stimulation site to supplementary motor area (SMA) and primary motor cortex (M1) are mainly involved in the network effects of STN-DBS. An involvement of the “hyperdirected pathway” and a clear delimitation of the cortico-spinal tract were demonstrated. This study shows the effects of STN-DBS in PD distinctly rely on the network connections of the stimulated region to M1 and SMA, motor and premotor regions.
Campaign Microtargeting and the Relevance of the Televised Political Ad

Several trends, both societal and technological, suggest that televised political advertising should be losing its position at the center of today's political campaign, but is this the case? Analyzing ad-tracking data from the 2000, 2004, and 2008 presidential nominating campaigns, I show that the use of televised political advertising has, if anything, increased over time. Although campaigns may be focusing more nowadays on micro-targeting and "ground war" tactics, they have far from abandoned the traditional 30-second political spot.
A 1-to-2048 Fully-Integrated Cascaded Digital Frequency Synthesizer for Low Frequency Reference Clocks Using Scrambling TDC

Generation of low jitter, high frequency clock from a low frequency reference clock using classical analog phase-locked loops (PLLs) requires large loop filter capacitor and power hungry oscillator. Digital PLLs can help reduce area but their jitter performance is severely degraded by quantization error. Specifically, their deterministic jitter (DJ), which is proportional to the loop update rate becomes prohibitively large at low reference clock frequencies. We propose a scrambling TDC (STDC) to improve DJ performance and a cascaded architecture with digital multiplying delay locked loop as the first stage and hybrid analog/digital PLL as the second stage to achieve low random jitter in a power efficient manner. Fabricated in a 90 nm CMOS process, the prototype frequency synthesizer consumes 4.76 mW power from a 1.0 V supply and generates 160 MHz and 2.56 GHz output clocks from a 1.25 MHz crystal reference frequency. The long-term absolute jitter of the 160 MHz digital MDLL and 2.56 GHz digital PLL outputs are 2.4 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rm{{ps}_{rms}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 4.18 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rm{{ps}_{rms}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, while the peak-to-peak jitter are 22.1 ps and 35.2 ps, respectively. The proposed frequency synthesizer occupies an active die area of 0.16mm<sup>2</sup> and achieves power efficiency of 1.86 mW/GHz.
Neural Mechanisms of Antinociceptive Effects of Hypnosis

Background The neural mechanisms underlying the modulation of pain perception by hypnosis remain obscure. In this study, we used positron emission tomography in 11 healthy volunteers to identify the brain areas in which hypnosis modulates cerebral responses to a noxious stimulus. Methods The protocol used a factorial design with two factors: state (hypnotic state, resting state, mental imagery) and stimulation (warm non-noxious vs. hot noxious stimuli applied to right thenar eminence). Two cerebral blood flow scans were obtained with the 15O-water technique during each condition. After each scan, the subject was asked to rate pain sensation and unpleasantness. Statistical parametric mapping was used to determine the main effects of noxious stimulation and hypnotic state as well as state-by-stimulation interactions (i.e., brain areas that would be more or less activated in hypnosis than in control conditions, under noxious stimulation). Results Hypnosis decreased both pain sensation and the unpleasantness of noxious stimuli. Noxious stimulation caused an increase in regional cerebral blood flow in the thalamic nuclei and anterior cingulate and insular cortices. The hypnotic state induced a significant activation of a right-sided extrastriate area and the anterior cingulate cortex. The interaction analysis showed that the activity in the anterior (mid-)cingulate cortex was related to pain perception and unpleasantness differently in the hypnotic state than in control situations. Conclusions Both intensity and unpleasantness of the noxious stimuli are reduced during the hypnotic state. In addition, hypnotic modulation of pain is mediated by the anterior cingulate cortex.
A model for movement pattern acquisition process

In this research, the acquisition process of complex movement patterns of the humans is experimentally clarified, and a movement pattern acquisition model is proposed. We assumed that local minimum point of tangential velocity is suitable to via-point. The movement pattern is acquired by trial and error. This model can acquire within the given trajectory in a small number of trials.
The Money Savvy Pig™ Goes to the Big City: Testing the Effectiveness of an Economics Curriculum for Young Children

I f children are to become economically and financially literate adults, economics and personal finance need to become a stronger part of the school curriculum. We would never expect adults to be competent at reading or mathematics if those subjects were not introduced early and repeated regularly in the school curriculum. In the same way, like a good savings program. economic and financial education ought to start early and be repeated often. Parents are among the biggest supporters of increasing economics and personal finance in the school curriculum. The following are key findings from a 2003 survey of 625 parents, published by Northwestern Mutual Marketing Research. 40 percent of parents believe the most appropriate age to start teaching children about money is "before elementary school. under the age of 5"
Optical Packet Replicator Using Cascaded SOA-Based Active Fiber Ring

The optical packet replicator using a cascaded semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based active fiber ring is proposed. By introducing the noncircular assistant light into each stage and adopting a two-stage cascaded structure, 100 replications with identity amplitude are realized. Due to accumulation of amplified spontaneous emission noise, the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the 100th replication degrades 3.8 dB, which is equivalent to the SNR degradation of 19th replication in a single ring. The number of replications can be controlled by configuring driving pulses of SOA and each interval of hundreds of replications is equal accurately. It can be employed in ultraspeed sampling without any phase jitter.
Infant Feeding and Feeding Transitions During the First Year of Life

OBJECTIVE. Infancy is a time of rapid transition from a diet of virtually nothing but milk (either breast milk or infant formula) to a varied diet from nearly all food groups being consumed on a daily basis by most infants. Despite various recommendations about infant feeding, little is known about actual patterns of feeding among US infants. This article documents transitions in infant feeding patterns across the first year of life and determinants of key aspects of infant feeding. METHODS. Using data from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II, we analyzed responses to a 7-day food-recall chart that was administered every month. The sample size declined from 2907 at birth to 1782 at 12 months of age. RESULTS. Although 83% of survey respondents initiated breastfeeding, the percentage who breastfed declined rapidly to 50% at 6 months and to 24% at 12 months. Many of the women who breastfed also fed their infants formula; 52% reported that their infants received formula while in the hospital. At 4 months, 40% of the infants had consumed infant cereal, 17% had consumed fruit or vegetable products, and <1% had consumed meat. Compared with infants who were not fed solid foods at 4 months, those who were fed solid foods were more likely to have discontinued breastfeeding at 6 months (70% vs 34%) and to have been fed fatty or sugary foods at 12 months (75% vs 62%). CONCLUSIONS. Supplementing breast milk with infant formula while infants were still in the hospital was very common. Despite recommendations that complementary foods not be introduced to infants aged 4 months or younger, almost half of the infants in this study had consumed solid foods by the age of 4 months. This early introduction of complementary foods was associated with unhealthful subsequent feeding behaviors. Pediatrics 2008;122:S36–S42
Dual roles of PARP-1 promote cancer growth and progression.

UNLABELLED PARP-1 is an abundant nuclear enzyme that modifies substrates by poly(ADP-ribose)-ylation. PARP-1 has well-described functions in DNA damage repair and also functions as a context-specific regulator of transcription factors. With multiple models, data show that PARP-1 elicits protumorigenic effects in androgen receptor (AR)-positive prostate cancer cells, in both the presence and absence of genotoxic insult. Mechanistically, PARP-1 is recruited to sites of AR function, therein promoting AR occupancy and AR function. It was further confirmed in genetically defined systems that PARP-1 supports AR transcriptional function, and that in models of advanced prostate cancer, PARP-1 enzymatic activity is enhanced, further linking PARP-1 to AR activity and disease progression. In vivo analyses show that PARP-1 activity is required for AR function in xenograft tumors, as well as tumor cell growth in vivo and generation and maintenance of castration resistance. Finally, in a novel explant system of primary human tumors, targeting PARP-1 potently suppresses tumor cell proliferation. Collectively, these studies identify novel functions of PARP-1 in promoting disease progression, and ultimately suggest that the dual functions of PARP-1 can be targeted in human prostate cancer to suppress tumor growth and progression to castration resistance. SIGNIFICANCE These studies introduce a paradigm shift with regard to PARP-1 function in human malignancy, and suggest that the dual functions of PARP-1 in DNA damage repair and transcription factor regulation can be leveraged to suppress pathways critical for promalignant phenotypes in prostate cancer cells by modulation of the DNA damage response and hormone signaling pathways. The combined studies highlight the importance of dual PARP-1 function in malignancy and provide the basis for therapeutic targeting.
Automated assessment of English-learner writing

In this thesis, we investigate automated assessment (AA) systems of free text that automatically analyse and score the quality of writing of learners of English as a second (or other) language. Previous research has employed techniques that measure, in addition to writing competence, the semantic relevance of a text written in response to a given prompt. We argue that an approach which does not rely on task-dependent components or data, and directly assesses learner English, can produce results as good as promptspecific models. Furthermore, it has the advantage that it may not require re-training or tuning for new prompts or assessment tasks. We evaluate the performance of our models against human scores, manually annotated in the Cambridge Learner Corpus, a subset of which we have released in the public domain to facilitate further research on the task. We address AA as a supervised discriminative machine learning problem, investigate methods for assessing different aspects of writing prose, examine their generalisation to different corpora, and present state-of-the-art models. We focus on scoring general linguistic competence and discourse coherence and cohesion, and report experiments on detailed analysis of appropriate techniques and feature types derived automatically from generic text processing tools, on their relative importance and contribution to performance, and on comparison with different discriminative models, whilst also experimentally motivating novel feature types for the task. Using outlier texts, we examine and address validity issues of AA systems and, more specifically, their robustness to subversion by writers who understand something of their workings. Finally, we present a user interface that visualises and uncovers the ‘marking criteria’ represented in AA models, that is, textual features identified as highly predictive of a learner’s level of attainment. We demonstrate how the tool can support their linguistic interpretation and enhance hypothesis formation about learner grammars, in addition to informing the development of AA systems and further improving their performance.
Targeted Inhibition of miRNA Maturation with Morpholinos Reveals a Role for miR-375 in Pancreatic Islet Development

Several vertebrate microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in cellular processes such as muscle differentiation, synapse function, and insulin secretion. In addition, analysis of Dicer null mutants has shown that miRNAs play a role in tissue morphogenesis. Nonetheless, only a few loss-of-function phenotypes for individual miRNAs have been described to date. Here, we introduce a quick and versatile method to interfere with miRNA function during zebrafish embryonic development. Morpholino oligonucleotides targeting the mature miRNA or the miRNA precursor specifically and temporally knock down miRNAs. Morpholinos can block processing of the primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) or the pre-miRNA, and they can inhibit the activity of the mature miRNA. We used this strategy to knock down 13 miRNAs conserved between zebrafish and mammals. For most miRNAs, this does not result in visible defects, but knockdown of miR-375 causes defects in the morphology of the pancreatic islet. Although the islet is still intact at 24 hours postfertilization, in later stages the islet cells become scattered. This phenotype can be recapitulated by independent control morpholinos targeting other sequences in the miR-375 precursor, excluding off-target effects as cause of the phenotype. The aberrant formation of the endocrine pancreas, caused by miR-375 knockdown, is one of the first loss-of-function phenotypes for an individual miRNA in vertebrate development. The miRNA knockdown strategy presented here will be widely used to unravel miRNA function in zebrafish.
Evolutionary Psychology of Facial Attractiveness

The human face communicates an impressive number of visual signals. Although adults' ratings of facial attractiveness are consistent across studies, even cross-culturally, there has been considerable controversy surrounding attempts to identify the facial features that cause faces to be judged attractive or unattractive. Studies of physical attractiveness have attempted to identify the features that contribute to attractiveness by studying the relationships between attractiveness and (a) symmetry, (b) averageness, and (c) nonaverage sexually dimorphic features (hormone markers). Evolutionary psychology proposes that these characteristics all pertain to health, suggesting that humans have evolved to view certain features as attractive because they were displayed by healthy individuals. However, the question remains how single features that are considered attractive relate to each other, and if they form a single ornament that signals mate quality. Moreover, some researchers have recently explained attractiveness preferences in terms of individual differences that are predictable. This article briefly describes what is currently known from attractiveness research, reviews some recent advances, and suggests areas for future researchers' attention.