Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Removal of surface contamination from EUV mirrors using low-power downstream plasma cleaning

The problem of carbon contamination on extreme ultraviolet (EUV) optics, causing unacceptably low reflectivity in mirrors, must be solved before industry will adopt the technology on a production scale. Breaking vacuum, removing and then cleaning mirrors is a time-consuming and expensive method for dealing with the problem. A safe yet effective in situ method for cleaning EUV optics and maintaining vacuum chamber cleanliness is important for progress in EUV lithography. Carbon contamination has also been a problem for the scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) leading to reduced image quality. The use of low power downstream plasma cleaner has been shown to be effective in removing carbon contamination from SEMs. The plasma dissociates oxygen molecules into neutral oxygen radicals. These radicals flow throughout the SEM vacuum chamber and chemically remove the carbon contamination. Since the process works by chemical etch and not by sputter etch, the capping layer on EUV mirrors will not be damaged by the cleaning process. The production of chemically etching oxygen radicals by plasma cleaning was measured using a quartz crystal microbalance. The effectiveness of the downstream plasma cleaning process was also tested on EUV mirrors.
A Correlation Analysis between Undergraduate Students’ Safety Behaviors in the Laboratory and Their Learning Efficiencies

Students’ behaviors have a close relationship with their learning efficiencies, particularly about professional knowledge. Different types of behaviors should have different influences. Disclosing the special relationship between undergraduate students’ conscious safety behaviors in their laboratory experiments with their learning efficiencies is important for fostering them into professional talents. In this study, a course entitled “Advanced Methods of Materials Characterization” was arranged to contain three sections: theoretical learning in the classroom, eight characterization experiments in the laboratory in sequence, and self-training to apply the knowledge. In the final examination, eighteen percent was allocated to the examination questions about safety issues. The students’ scores for this section were associated with their total roll scores. Two quantitative relationships are disclosed. One is between the students’ final examination score (y) and their subjective consciousness of safety behaviors (x) in their laboratory experiments, as y = 5.56 + 4.83 x (R = 0.9192). The other is between their grade point average (y) and safety behavior evaluation (x) as y = 0.51 + 0.15 x (R = 0.7296). Undergraduate students’ behaviors in scientific laboratories need to be verified to have a close and positive relationship with their professional knowledge learning efficiencies. This offers a hint that improving students’ safety behaviors and enhancing their subjective safety awareness are conducive to improving their learning efficiency for professional knowledge.
Chemical Constituents from Streblus taxoides Wood with Their Antibacterial and Antityrosinase Activities Plus in Silico Study

Hyperpigmentation frequently occurs after inflammation from bacterial infection. Thus, the inhibition activity of tyrosinase, the key enzyme to catalyze the melanogenesis and/or inhibition of bacterial infection, could decrease melanin production. Hence, the potential inhibitors could be discovered from natural products. ω-Hydroxymoracin C (1), a new compound with two other 2-arylbenzofurans, i.e., moracin M (2) and moracin C (3), and two stilbenes, i.e., 3, 4, 3’, 5′-tetrahydroxybibenzyl (4) and piceatannol (5), were isolated from the wood of Streblus taxoides. Compound 4 showed a strong inhibitory activity against tyrosinase enzyme with an IC50 value of 35.65 µg/mL, followed by compound 2 with an IC50 value of 47.34 µg/mL. Conversely, compound 1, 3 and 5 showed moderate activity, with IC50 values of 109.64, 128.67 and 149.73 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, compound 1 and 3 showed an antibacterial effect against some Staphylococcus spp. Thus, the isolated compounds exhibited potential antityrosine and antibacterial effects. Additionally, an in silico study was performed in order to predict theoretical molecular interactions between the obtained metabolites from S. taxoides and tyrosinase as an extended in vitro enzyme binding assay experiment.
A comparative numerical study of several techniques for modeling a horizontal wire antenna over a lossy half‐space

The electric-field integral equation for the current on a thin, horizontal wire antenna radiating above a lossy half-space is solved by the method of moments, with the effect of interface included via the Sommerfeld integrals, the well-known reflection-coefficient approximation and the high-contrast approximation. A modified implementation of the reflection-coefficient approximation is suggested, which makes this technique reasonably accurate for antennas near the interface. A comparison is made between the methods for several cases of practical interest. The high-contrast approximation is shown to be superior to the reflection-coefficient approximation.
Network‐based fault detection for discrete‐time state‐delay systems: A new measurement model

In this paper, the fault detection problem is studied for a class of discrete‐time networked systems with multiple state delays and unknown input. A new measurement model is proposed to account for both the random measurement delays and the stochastic data missing (package dropout) phenomenon, which are typically resulted from the limited capacity of the communication networks. At any time point, one of the following cases (random events) occurs: measurement missing case, no time‐delay case, one‐step delay case, two‐step delay case, …, q‐step delay case. The probabilistic switching between different cases is assumed to obey a homogeneous Markovian chain. We aim to design a fault detection filter such that, for all unknown input and incomplete measurements, the error between the residual and weighted faults is made as small as possible. The addressed fault detection problem is first converted into an auxiliary H∞ filtering problem for a certain Markovian jumping system (MJS). Then, with the help of the bounded real lemma of MJSs, a sufficient condition for the existence of the desired fault detection filter is established in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A simulation example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed techniques. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pollination in Epidendrum densiflorum Hook. (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae): Fraudulent Trap-Flowers, Self-Incompatibility, and a Possible New Type of Mimicry

The pollination and the breeding system of Epidendrum densiflorum (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) were studied through fieldwork and controlled pollinations in cultivated plants. Pollination is exclusively promoted by males of diurnal Lepidoptera: five species of Arctiinae and four of Ithomiinae were recorded as pollinators. These male insects are known to obtain alkaloids (through the nectar) in flowers of Asteraceae and Boraginaceae. However, the flowers of E. densiflorum are nectarless, despite presenting a cuniculus (a likely nectariferous cavity). Pollinators insert their proboscides into the flowers and remove or deposit the pollinaria while searching for nectar. The floral tube is very narrow, and insects struggle for up to 75 min to get rid of the flowers. Plants are pollinator-dependent and nearly fully self-incompatible. Pollinarium removal, pollination, and fruiting success (2.85%) were very low; facts that are consistent with the patterns globally observed in deceptive (rewardless) orchids. Nilsson’s male efficiency factor (0.245) was also low, indicating pollen loss in the system. Based on our field observations, we suggest that the fragrance of E. densiflorum likely mimics these plants that are normally used as a source of alkaloids by male Lepidoptera, a hypothesis that we intend to test in the future.
Effects of Black Cumin Seed (Nigella sativa) and Coconut Meals (Cocos nucifera) on Broiler Performance and Cecal Microbiota

Simple Summary Black cumin meal (BCSM) and copra or coconut meal (CM) are by-products resulting from the extraction of black cumin and coconut oil, respectively. They contain valuable functional nutrients such as proteins, dietary fibers and phytochemicals. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of BCSM and CM in broiler diets on the growth performance and cecal microbiota of birds. It was found that the addition of coconut meal to broiler diet significantly improved body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In addition, the hot carcass dressing percentage was increased due to the addition of BCSM and CM either separately or in combination compared to the control group. In conclusion, the use of BCSM and CM in broiler diets had positive effects on growth performance and gut health (inhibitory effect against pathogenic microbes and improvement of gut microbiota diversity). Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with black cumin seed meal (BCSM) and coconut meal (CM) on the performance and cecal microbiota of Cobb 500 hybrid broilers. The study was conducted on 600 chicks on the first day of hatching; the chicks were randomly distributed equally into 12 equal-sized floor pens. Four dietary treatments (C, T1, T2 and T3) were replicated three times (50 chicks/replicate): C was the control group; T1 was supplemented with 10% BCSM; T2 was supplemented with 10% CM; T3 was supplemented with 5% BCSM and 5% CM. At slaughter age on day 35, our findings showed that treatment T2 increased significantly body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to C, T1 and T3. In addition, the hot carcass dressing percentages in treatments T1, T2, and T3 were significantly higher than that of the C group. The results of relative normalized comparative gene expression of Clostridioides difficile, Roseburia and Streptococcus were not significantly changed in all treatments (p > 0.05). Treatment T1 resulted in a significant decrease in gene expression of the entire microbiota, while treatment T2 resulted in a significant increase in gene expression of all microbes, leading to an enriched and diverse microbial community. It can be concluded that supplementation with 10% BCSM is beneficial in inhibiting pathogenic microbes during early post-hatch days. In contrast, CM may promote and enhance the diversity of microbial communities during broiler growth. The inclusion of non-conventional feed ingredients in poultry diets may improve growth performance and may reduce the cost of broiler feed.
Attention mechanism based for vehicle detection from point cloud

3D object detection from lidar point cloud is a key technology in autonomous driving. As the sparseness, irregular and large amount of lidar point cloud data, which lead to slow operation efficiency of neural network and low detection accuracy. In order to address this problem, we research on vehicle object detection form lidar point cloud in this paper. In the data preprocessing stage, we use the point cloud reduction method based on density clustering (DBSCAN) to remove the sparse outliers points and noise points from the point cloud, and better retain the target features. The simplified point cloud makes the network converge faster in the training phase, effectively reduces the network computing overhead, and reduces the training time by ~40%. In order to make the network to get a better detection ability, we also add an attention network (Point Attention) to learn the key features from the target point cloud. The experimental results show that our proposed method successfully improves the network operation efficiency, and the accuracy of vehicle object detection is also increased to 89.5%.
The Workability and Mechanical Performance of Fly Ash Cenosphere–Desert Sand Ceramsite Concrete: An Experimental Study and Analysis

In order to alleviate the shortage of sand resources for construction, make full use of industrial waste and promote the development of green lightweight aggregate concrete in the desert and surrounding areas, this paper proposes a new lightweight ceramsite concrete, fly ash cenospheres and desert sand ceramsite concrete (FDCC). An orthogonal test was conducted to analyze the effects of the desert sand (DS) replacing ratio, fly ash cenosphere (FAC) replacing ratio and polymer emulsion (PLE) addition on the damage patterns, slump, apparent density and compressive strength of the FDCC. The results showed that the most influential factors for the slump, apparent density and compressive strength of the FDCC were the FAC replacing ratio, FAC replacing ratio and DS replacing ratio, respectively. Meanwhile, the PLE addition had little effect on the workability or mechanical performance of the FDCC. With the increase in the DS replacing ratio, the slump decreased rapidly and the compressive strength reached its peak value, increasing by 20.6% when the DS replacing ratio was 20%. With the increase in the FAC replacing ratio, the slump increased by 106%, the apparent density decreased gradually and the compressive decreased and then increased, reaching its lowest value when the FAC replacing ratio was 20%. According to the synthetic evaluation analysis, the optimum DS replacing ratio, FAC replacing ratio and PLE addition of the FDCC were 20%, 30% and 1%, respectively.
An AMR-Based Liquid Film Simulation with Surfactant Transport Using PLIC-HF Method

In this study, an AMR-PLIC-HF method is proposed and implemented by GPU parallel computing based on CUDA programming language and NVIDIA GPU. The present method improves the computation efficiency without compromising the accuracy and conservation of the volume. To satisfy the requirements of stencil points of the PLIC-HF method, an extended stencil computation method based on the tree-based AMR method is proposed and implemented. The Weakly Compressible Scheme (WCS) is used in the present work as a fluid solver. An evolving pressure projection method is adopted to suppress the oscillation induced by the reflection of acoustic waves. The Langmuir model is introduced into the solver to calculate surfactant transport and the Marangoni effect caused by the gradient of the interface concentration of the surfactant. The single vortex flow results verify the accuracy of the AMR-PLIC method. A single bubble rising problem with two different physical property settings is simulated. The results show good agreement with the results given by incompressible solvers. This verifies the accuracy of the two-phase flow solver including the AMR-PLIC-HF method and the WCS. The generation and rupture of liquid film by a single bubble freely rising to an interface is simulated by the present solver with a 1024×2048 AMR grid as the finest resolution. This simulation successfully calculates surfactant transport and the Marangoni effect.
Analytical Modeling and Design of 27.12 MHz Single-Switch DC–DC Converter With PCB Transformer

This paper proposes analytical modeling and design of a 27.12 MHz single-switch dc-dc converter with galvanic isolation using a PCB transformer. The ODE-based analytical approach provides a more accurate circuit design by considering the high-order harmonics and non-ideal components such as the diode capacitances. The proposed dimensionless mathematical model simplifies the design of the desired circuit model and requires less tuning procedure. In addition, the effective analytical model offers the design curves to obtain the optimized circuit parameters at any duty ratio. Meanwhile, the multilayer planar PCB transformer is designed to achieve the isolation and high power density for the high-frequency dc-dc converter. Based on Neumann’s formula, the analytical model of the PCB transformer is proposed to calculate the inductances for the spiral structure accurately in the high-frequency conditions. As a result, the computational burden for calculating the coil inductances is alleviated using the proposed method. The simulation and experimental results using a 3W converter prototype verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the analytical modeling and design of the proposed converter.
Community Environment Co-Production and Environmental Satisfaction of Older Urban Residents in Shanghai, China

Objective: Many factors may affect the environmental satisfaction of elderly people, including their sense of involvement. This study examined the associations between community environment co-production and environmental satisfaction in older urban residents in China. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four age-friendly communities in Shanghai, China. Co-production and environmental satisfaction were assessed through a self-developed questionnaire. General health status was measured through the EuroQol-Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS). Data on affective commitment for the community demographic and health-related factors were also collected. Multilevel linear regression was used to detect the associations. Results: In total, 480 older urban residents completed the survey. On average, the environment satisfaction score was 76.82/90, 8/10 for co-production, and 87.5/100 for EQ-VAS. Univariate analysis demonstrated environmental satisfaction was associated with educational background, party membership, physical activity, community location, age, sleep hours, co-production, affective commitment, and EQ-VAS. After controlling for confounding factors, the co-production score was significantly associated with higher environmental satisfaction (β = 4.68, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression revealed that effective commitment for the community (β = 6.17, p < 0.001) and EQ-VAS (β = 0.06, p = 0.002) were also significantly associated with environment satisfaction. Conclusion: Community environment co-production was positively associated with environmental satisfaction among older urban residents in Shanghai. Environmental co-production should be encouraged when developing age-friendly communities for the elderly.
Effect of Childhood Trauma on Substance Users’ Attitudes of Coping with Stress

Objective: This study seeks to examine the effects of childhood traumas on substance users’ attitudes of coping with stress. Method: This descriptive study seeking relationship was conducted with 133 individuals diagnosed with substance use and receiving treatment in the alcohol and substance treatment centre and closed psychiatry clinics of a mental health hospital located in Turkey. Results: The mean age of first substance use of the participants included in the study was 17.8 ± 4.7. The participants got the highest score from the emotional neglect subscale of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (12.83 ± 3.46). Individuals in the study got the highest score from the religious coping subscale of the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (13.39 ± 2.71). Childhood traumatic experiences were found to be effective in the development of coping attitudes including denial, behavioural disengagement, use of emotional social support, substance use, and acceptance. Conclusion: Childhood traumatic experiences of substance users have an effect on their dysfunctional coping attitudes. It is recommended that psychiatric nurses include primary, secondary, and tertiary protective approaches towards childhood traumas in their work on combating addiction.
The effect of interstellar matter on climatic variation

The effect of interstellar matter on the sun's radiation is considered with a view to explaining changes in terrestrial climate. It appears that a star in passing through a nebulous cloud will capture an amount of material which by the energy of its fall to the solar surface can bring about considerable changes in the quantity of radiation emitted. The quantity of matter gathered in by the star depends directly on the density of the cloud and inversely on the cube of its velocity relative to the cloud. Thus vastly different effects on the solar radiation can be brought about under fairly narrow ranges of density and relative velocity (ranges that are in accordance with astronomical evidence). In this way the process is able to explain the small changes in the solar radiation that are necessary to produce an ice age and, under conditions less likely to have taken place frequently, the high increase in radiation required for the Carboniferous Epoch. Despite the large effects that the mechanism can bring about, it is shown that the mass of the sun does not undergo appreciable change and hence reverts to its former luminosity once the cloud has been traversed.
Finite Element Modeling of a Slewing Non-linear Flexible Beam for Active Vibration Control with Arrays of Sensors and Actuators

In this article, a new finite element model (FEM) of an Euler—Bernoulli beam, developed through an absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF), is presented for simulation and analysis of the performance of surface-bonded piezoelectric actuators in suppressing non-linear transverse vibrations that are induced by very fast slewing. The elastic deformations experienced are an order of magnitude larger than cases considered to date, and the model employs a unique cubic spline approximation to the beam’s deformed elastic line that is in terms of node positions and curvatures. To ensure relevant commentary on the vibration suppression properties of the distributed piezoelectric actuators, a material damping model was introduced in the continuum equations to capture the non-linear damping of the very slender beam that is observed in experiments. Following the ANCF methodology, the constitutive damping moment is formulated in terms of the absolute nodal coordinates with care taken to ensure the calculation is singularity free. Galerkin’s method of weighted residuals is applied to discretize the revised equations of motion derived for the beam continuum. The FE beam model exploits a synergy between the twisted spline geometry and the lumped mass approximation to halve the size of the matrix equations that must be solved on each time step. However, this condensation of the matrix equations requires the use of interelement boundaries at the edges of the surface-bonded piezos. Using a single-link flexible manipulator as an example, a number of static and dynamic simulation examples that illustrate the validity of our FEM are presented, including comparisons to theoretical and other existing numerical solutions in literature. In addition, active vibration control examples are presented using proportional- and derivative-based hub motion and piezoelectric actuator controls in suppressing dramatic vibrations induced by fast slewing.
A method of generating abstract ink paintings based on machine learning

The advancement of computer technology in the area of image generation opens up opportunities for the creation of art. However, owing to the complexity of artistic expression and the difficulty of data collection, generating abstract ink paintings from photos remains a big challenge. This paper proposed a method of machine learning to generate abstract ink paintings. First, a dataset consisting of photos and Chinese abstract ink paintings is collected. Then, the statistical information of photos is obtained by using color segmentation to draw abstract images. On the unpaired dataset, an imageto- image translation network with contrastive learning is trained to learn a mapping from abstract images to abstract ink paintings. Experiments showed that this method can effectively realize the process of generating abstract ink paintings from photos.