Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Unusual Basal Therizinosaur Dinosaur with an Ornithischian Dental Arrangement from Northeastern China

Therizinosauria are an unusual group of theropod dinosaurs, found mostly in the Cretaceous deposits in Mongolia, China and western USA. The basal forms of this group are represented by incomplete or disarticulated material. Here, we report a nearly complete, articulated skeleton of a new basal therizinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Jianchang County, western part of Liaoning Province, which sheds light on our understanding of anatomy of basal therizinosaurs. This new dinosaur shows some typical therizinosaur features, such as neural spines of the anterior caudal vertebrae that possess anterior and posterior alae, a rectangular buttress on the ventrolateral side of the proximal end of metacarpal I, and appressed metatarsal shafts. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that it is a basal therizinosaur (sister taxon to Therizinosauroidea) because it bears many basal therizinosaur characters in the dentition, pelvis and hind limbs. The new therizinosaur described here has unique tooth and jaw characters such as the offsetting of the tooth row by a shelf and dentary teeth with labially concave and lingually convex dentary teeth, similar to ornithopods and ceratopsians.
An Iterative Entropy Regularized Likelihood Learning Algorithm for Cluster Analysis with the Number of Clusters Automatically Detected

As for cluster analysis, the key problem is to determine the number of clusters. This paper presents an entropy regularized likelihood (ERL) learning principle for cluster analysis based on a mixture model to solve this problem. The well-known maximum likelihood estimation is just a special case of ERL learning. Moreover, when the regularization term is the same important as the log-likelihood, the ERL learning actually becomes Bayesian Ying-Yang (BYY) harmony learning. An iterative implementation is then proposed for ERL learning instead of gradient descent, the simulation and color image segmentation experiments have demonstrated that the iterative ERL learning algorithm can automatically detect the number of clusters during the parameter estimation
Cooperative guidance of Lego Mindstorms NXT mobile robots

This paper presents experimental results of cooperative guidance laws embedded on Lego Mindstorms NXT mobile robots for two types of missions. The first one is navigation to a waypoint as a fleet with collision and obstacle avoidance, following a model predictive control (MPC) framework. The second one is source localization, i.e., finding the maximum of a potential field, for which a distributed estimation and control strategy is proposed. Experiments show the ability to perform the two missions on these basic mobile robots, in spite of their limited computational resources. In particular, the search for the optimal control sequence through a dedicated discretization of the command space makes it possible to implement real-time MPC.
Composites with mechanically tunable plasmon frequency

This paper summarizes our efforts to create a composite material with a mechanically tunable plasmon frequency at the microwave band. The permittivity of the composite changes sign at the plasmon frequency. Such composites, therefore, can be used as electromagnetic filters. Theoretically, an array of non-magnetic, metallic wire coils has been shown to have a plasmon behavior that is dependent on the wire thickness, coil inner diameter, pitch and coil spacing. Here, a material is made out of an array of coils placed within a non-metallic frame, and the material plasmon frequency is tuned through altering the pitch. The coils are arranged with alternating handedness to create an effective, non-chiral medium. A transmit/receive setup is used to characterize the electromagnetic behavior of the composite. The setup consists of a vector network analyzer and two horn antennas, which are used to measure the scattering parameters of the material. These parameters are then used to calculate the permittivity. The results show an increase in the plasmon frequency with increase in the pitch. Increasing the pitch 30%, from 3 to 3.9 mm, results in a corresponding increase from 6.3 to 7.5 GHz in the frequency.
DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS FROM AIRBORNE LASER SCANNER DATA - A GRID BASED APPROACH

Since Airborne laser scanning sensors are operational and the data capture, including the calculation of the exterior orientation by using GPS and INS, has reached a high level of automation, the focus has turned on the development of algorithms to extract information from the 3D point cloud. The main tasks are the derivation of terrain information, forest parameters or the extraction of buildings. Since terrain information also affects the calculation of forest parameters and gives an input to building extraction, many different approaches were developed in the past years to derive highly accurate digital terrain models. Most of these approaches, like mathematical morphology, weight iteration or triangulation, work with the 3D data points itself. This paper presents an approach that is based on the rasterization of data points which allows the usage of fast digital image processing methods for the calculation of DTM’s. The algorithm consists of a hierarchical approach in combination with a weighing function for the detection of raster elements that contain no ground data. The weighing function considers the terrain shape as well as the distribution of the data points within a raster element.
Seeking the Headhunter's Power The Quest for Arutam Among the Achuar of the Ecuadorian Amazon and the Development of Ranked Societies

The supernatural force of arutam is believed by the Achuar (Shiwiar) Jivaro to confer many special abilities to those individuals possessing it (particularly the ability to headhunt successfully). This chapter describes the various benefits that individuals with arutam receive. It also documents the ritual that initiates undergo in an effort to obtain this supernatural force. This work also analyzes the effects that arutam has on individuals along with its functions in society. Finally, the relationship between supernatural forces such as arutam, positions of military leadership, and the development of ranked societies will be addressed.
SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT TOPOLOGICAL SEMIVECTOR SPACES ; CONVEXITY AND FIXED POINT THEORY

for short-circuiting some early fallacious conjectures. We are indebted to Prof. M. P. Schutzenberger (U. Paris) for a remark which compelled us to seek and formulate the notion of a "left skew semifield" [Prakash & Sertel, 1972] as the general sort of object over which to define semivector spaces. To Prof. T. Bowman (U. Florida) we are grateful for pointing out an error in an earlier draft of Section 2.
Interaction of plasticity and circuit organization during the acquisition of cerebellum-dependent motor learning

Motor learning occurs through interactions between the cerebellar circuit and cellular plasticity at different sites. Previous work has established plasticity in brain slices and suggested plausible sites of behavioral learning. We now reveal what actually happens in the cerebellum during short-term learning. We monitor the expression of plasticity in the simple-spike firing of cerebellar Purkinje cells during trial-over-trial learning in smooth pursuit eye movements of monkeys. Our findings imply that: 1) a single complex-spike response driven by one instruction for learning causes short-term plasticity in a Purkinje cell’s mossy fiber/parallel-fiber input pathways; 2) complex-spike responses and simple-spike firing rate are correlated across the Purkinje cell population; and 3) simple-spike firing rate at the time of an instruction for learning modulates the probability of a complex-spike response, possibly through a disynaptic feedback pathway to the inferior olive. These mechanisms may participate in long-term motor learning. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.01574. 001
Face detection from few training examples

Face detection in images is very important for many multimedia applications. Haar-like wavelet features have become dominant in face detection because of their tremendous success since Viola and Jones [1] proposed their AdaBoost based detection system. While Haar features' simplicity makes rapid computation possible, its discriminative power is limited. As a consequence, a large training dataset is required to train a classifier. This may hamper its application in scenarios that a large labeled dataset is difficult to obtain. In this work, we address the problem of learning to detect faces from a small set of training examples. In particular, we propose to use co- variance features. Also for better classification performance, linear hyperplane classifier based on Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) is proffered. Compared with the decision stump, FDA is more discriminative and therefore fewer weak learners are needed. We show that the detection rate can be significantly improved with covariance features on a small dataset (a few hundred positive examples), compared to Haar features used in current most face detection systems.
Feature Location for Multi-Layer System Based on Formal Concept Analysis

Locating features in software composed of multiple layers is a challenging problem because we have to find program elements distributed over layers, which still work together to constitute a feature. This paper proposes a semi-automatic technique to extract correspondence between features and program elements among layers. By merging execution traces of each layer to feed into formal concept analysis, collaborative program elements are grouped into formal concepts and tied with a set of execution scenarios. We applied our technique to an example of web application composed of three layers. The result indicates that our technique is not only feasible but promising to promote program understanding in a more realistic context.
Redistributing opportunities in a job search model: the role of self-confidence and social norms

In this paper we explore the effects of redistributive policies in a job search model where different degrees of self-confidence generate different arrival rates of new jobs. We find that the job search model is an useful framework to address behavioral concerns about personal motivation. We find that self-confidence and effort are complements in the performance of search activity. Moreover rewards, i.e. moving to better jobs, are negative reinforces for self-confidence if the distribution of wages is stationary. We analyze the effect of redistributing policies of opportunities that aim to compress the distribution of the job arrival rates. Finally the presence of social norms generates multiple equilibria.
Database-Driven Real-Time Heuristic Search in Video-Game Pathfinding

Real-time heuristic search algorithms satisfy a constant bound on the amount of planning per action, independent of the problem size. These algorithms are useful when the amount of time or memory resources are limited, or a rapid response time is required. An example of such a problem is pathfinding in video games where numerous units may be simultaneously required to react promptly to a player's commands. Classic real-time heuristic search algorithms cannot be deployed due to their obvious state revisitation (“scrubbing”). Recent algorithms have improved performance by using a database of precomputed subgoals. However, a common issue is that the precomputation time can be large, and there is no guarantee that the precomputed data adequately cover the search space. In this paper, we present a new approach that guarantees coverage by abstracting the search space, using the same algorithm that performs the real-time search. It reduces the precomputation time via the use of dynamic programming. The new approach eliminates the learning component and the resultant “scrubbing. ” Experimental results on maps of tens of millions of grid cells from Counter-Strike: Source and benchmark maps from Dragon Age: Origins show significantly faster execution times and improved optimality results compared to previous real-time algorithms.
A Transport Framework for Distributed Brokering Systems

Increasingly, services need to interact with a wide spectrum of devices with varying networking capabilities. Services hosted on a messaging infrastructure need to optimally utilize and exploit the conditions that exist within the local networks. The messaging infrastructure must manage the communication between external resources, services and clients to achieve the highest possible system performance and reliability. In this paper we suggest that a transport framework needs to be incorporated into the messaging infrastructure hosting the services. We base our investigations in the context of the NaradaBrokering system.
- 1The Effect of Cash Flow Forecasts on Accrual Quality and Benchmark Beating 1

When analysts provide forecasts of both earnings and operating cash flow, they also implicitly provide a forecast of total operating accruals. We posit that this increases the transparency and the expected costs of accrual manipulations used to manage earnings. As the expected costs of engaging in earnings management through accrual manipulations increase, managements’ incentives to do so are expected to decrease. As a consequence, we predict that accrual quality will improve and firms’ propensity to meet or beat earnings benchmarks will decline following the provision of cash flow forecasts. The results of our empirical tests support our predictions. We also predict and find that firms turn to other benchmark-beating mechanisms, such as real activities manipulation and earnings guidance, in the face of cash flow forecasts. Our findings are of potential interest to investors and regulators because we identify a relatively low cost, market-driven mechanism that helps curb firms’ attempts to manipulate accruals to meet analysts’ earnings estimates.
Pericyte protection by edaravone after tissue plasminogen activator treatment in rat cerebral ischemia

Pericytes play a pivotal role in contraction, mediating inflammation and regulation of blood flow in the brain. In this study, changes of pericytes in the neurovascular unit (NVU) were examined in relation to the effects of exogenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and a free radical scavenger, edaravone. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses showed that the overlap between platelet‐derived growth factor receptor β‐positive pericytes and N‐acetylglucosamine oligomers (NAGO)‐positive endothelial cells increased significantly at 4 days after 90 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). The number of pericytes and the overlap with NAGO decreased with tPA but recovered with edaravone 4 days after tMCAO with proliferation. Thus, tPA treatment damaged pericytes, resulting in the detachment from astrocytes and a decrease in glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor secretion. However, treatment with edaravone greatly improved tPA‐induced damage to pericytes. The present study demonstrates that exogenous tPA strongly damages pericytes and destroys the integrity of the NVU, but edaravone treatment can greatly ameliorate such damage after acute cerebral ischemia in rats. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Neuroscience Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of the Lagrangian method for deriving equivalent circuits of integrated magnetic components: A case study using the integrated winding coupled inductor

Recently Lagrangian dynamics has been applied to transforming integrated magnetic components into equivalent circuits of basic magnetic components such as transformers and inductors. Although the method is beneficial in simple and systematic derivation in many cases, it sometimes leads to different circuits from those by conventional methods. Hence, the Lagrangian method needs equivalence evaluation of transformation. As a case study, this paper derives equivalent circuits of the integrated winding coupled inductor using the Lagrangian method and a conventional method. The equivalent circuits are investigated to verify their consistency with magnetic circuit model and experimental behavior. As a result, the Lagrangian method yields a simpler circuit than that by the conventional method. Nonetheless, both circuits are found functionally equivalent to the magnetic circuit model and consistent with the experiment. The result suggests that the Lagrangian method provides proper transformation and is useful for deriving simple equivalent circuits.
On adaptive range expansion for UL-DL imbalance mitigation in HSPA HetNet

Heterogeneous network (HetNet) which contains different transmission power NodeBs, has been discussed earlier in LTE system. But recently, HetNet is currently being standardized for HSPA system by 3GPP working group. In co-channel HSPA HetNet (CHH), Uplink-Downlink (UL-DL) imbalance caused by the hugely different power from different types of transmission nodes is a key problem leading to many undesirable conditions such as unbalanced load and severe interference. The main contribution of this paper is to propose an adaptive range expansion (ARE) mechanism to mitigate the UL-DL imbalance in uplink CHH (UCHH). Our scheme tries to adaptively calibrate the parameter of range expansion (RE) by means of introducing a "Equivalent User Equipment (UE)" and using it as a reference to reflect the uplink reception quality of other UEs. Simulation results will show the advantage of our proposed scheme.
The PISA Girls and Ticking the Boxes. An Examination of Students' Perspectives on PISA Testing

The paper moves from the macro-level analysis to the students’ perspective on PISA testing. While the high level of correlation between educational attainment and the socio-economic background of the students is empirically well established, the author wants to analyse in his study how individual socio-economically disadvantaged students react to tests and engage in the process of testing. For this, it is important to consider the perspectives of the students themselves. By examining the views of students on PISA testing in one case study the author provides an insight into how the PISA assessment (2009) was experienced by a group of working-class girls in a disadvantaged inner city school in a large urban area in the Republic of Ireland. The thematic analysis of the interviews and the focus groups transcripts revealed two themes: for most students, but especially for those with special educational needs, felt stressed by the content and item difficulty; on the other hand, children who simply ticked the boxes to complete the test in time have implications for the validity of some of the responses to test items. It concludes with the need for a more proactive approach to student support and a more nuanced model of assessment in future PISA tests to take account of social class difference.
Oncotargets and Therapy Dovepress Dovepress Efficacy and Safety of Icotinib in Patients with Brain Metastases from Lung Adenocarcinoma

hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of icotinib in patients with brain metastases (BMs) from lung adenocarcinoma. Patients and methods: Clinical data of 28 cases with BMs from lung adenocarcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients took 125 mg icotinib orally three times a day. Progression of disease, intolerable adverse reactions, and number of deaths were recorded. Results: For all the patients, the remission rate of icotinib was 67.8% and the disease control rate was 96.4%. The median overall survival time of patients was 21.2 months, and the median progression-free survival time of patients was 10.9 months. Only mild adverse events of grade 1/2 were observed during the treatment. Conclusion: Icotinib was an effective and safe strategy to treat patients with BMs from lung adenocarcinoma.
Neutrino masses from higher than d=5 effective operators

We discuss the generation of small neutrino masses from effective operators higher than dimension five, which open new possibilities for low scale see-saw mechanisms. In order to forbid the radiative generation of neutrino mass by lower dimensional operators, extra fields are required, which are charged under a new symmetry. We discuss this mechanism in the framework of a two Higgs doublet model. We demonstrate that the tree level generation of neutrino mass from higher dimensional operators often leads to inverse see-saw scenarios in which small lepton number violating terms are naturally suppressed by the new physics scale. Furthermore, we systematically discuss tree level generalizations of the standard see-saw scenarios from higher dimensional operators. Finally, we point out that higher dimensional operators can also be generated at the loop level. In this case, we obtain the TeV scale as new physics scale even with order one couplings.
MicroRNA-212 displays tumor-promoting properties in non-small cell lung cancer cells and targets the hedgehog pathway receptor PTCH1

Overexpression of microRNA-212 promoted cell cycle progression and cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in non–small cell lung cancer cells. PTCH1, a receptor of hedgehog pathway, is a functional target of miR-212. The role of miR-212 in cell proliferation may be mediated by PTCH1.
Activation of NF-κB/p65 Facilitates Early Chondrogenic Differentiation during Endochondral Ossification

Background NF-κB/p65 has been reported to be involved in regulation of chondrogenic differentiation. However, its function in relation to key chondrogenic factor Sox9 and onset of chondrogenesis during endochondral ossification is poorly understood. We hypothesized that the early onset of chondrogenic differentiation is initiated by transient NF-κB/p65 signaling. Methodology/Principal Findings The role of NF-κB/p65 in early chondrogenesis was investigated in different in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo endochondral models: ATDC5 cells, hBMSCs, chicken periosteal explants and growth plates of 6 weeks old mice. NF-κB/p65 activation was manipulated using pharmacological inhibitors, RNAi and activating agents. Gene expression and protein expression analysis, and (immuno)histochemical stainings were employed to determine the role of NF-κB/p65 in the chondrogenic phase of endochondral development. Our data show that chondrogenic differentiation is facilitated by early transient activation of NF-κB/p65. NF-κB/p65-mediated signaling determines early expression of Sox9 and facilitates the subsequent chondrogenic differentiation programming by signaling through key chondrogenic pathways. Conclusions/Significance The presented data demonstrate that NF-κB/p65 signaling, as well as its intensity and timing, represents one of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of the chondrogenic developmental program of chondroprogenitor cells during endochondral ossification. Importantly, these results provide novel possibilities to improve the success of cartilage and bone regenerative techniques.
1 1 0 M ay 2 00 1 Super D-Helix

We study ‘Myers effect’ for a bunch of D1-branes with IIB superstrings moving in one direction on it. We show that the ‘blown-up’ configuration is the spinning helical D1-brane. It is self-supported from collapse by the momentum flow on it. The tilting angle of the helix is determined by the number of D1-branes. The radius of the helix is stabilized to a certain value depending on the number of D1-branes and the momentum carried by IIB superstrings. This is actually T-dual version of supertube recently found as the ‘blown-up’ configuration of a bunch of IIA superstrings carrying D0-brane charge. The helical D1 configuration preserves one quarter supersymmetries of IIB vacuum. Typeset using REVTEX jhcho@taegeug.skku. ac.kr ploh@dirac.skku. ac.kr 1