Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Research on Interest Transfer of Allocating Resources under the Background of Pyramid Structure and Development in China

Ultimate controller can control several times of its size’ resources and many companies with fewer resources, by using the pyramid shareholding structure, and these resources are allocated among the member companies. In the controlled company, there is interest transfer in the allocating resource, once it lacks of effective measures in the control of ultimate controller. Today, the full circulating stock market, pyramid structure, stock market system not being perfect, lacking of effective protection of investor’s interest. These will exacerbate the problem of interest transfer in the allocating resources. Therefore, it is necessary to study the ultimate controller’s allocating resource mechanism and its operation mechanism under pyramid structure. In view of this issue, it is necessary to sort out the pyramid structure of Ultimate Controlling Shareholder Expropriation theory, and puts forward the measures and suggestions for China's background characteristics.
Land use change and economic growth in urban China: A structural equation analysis

Land use change is not only the consequence of economic growth but also its direct and indirect driver. Based on official land use change data from 2004 to 2008, this study found substantial land use changes in China, with considerable cultivated land conversion into urban, industrial and transportation purposes. Correlation analysis shows a strong association between land use change and absolute GDP expansion. Structural equation analysis indicates that economic growth drives land use change. Industrial land expansion directly stimulates economic growth. Land has been successfully used as a tool to attract foreign investments and to sustain infrastructure investments, indirectly triggering economic growth. The findings suggest that land is not a simple factor of production but a strategic tool for economic development in urban China.
The 21st Century Land Grant Economist

The land grant system is a value-added infrastructure, designed to extend the boundaries of traditional colleges and universities to bring science to bear on the pressing needs and problems of underserved citizens and communities. With supplemental resources to support mission-oriented research and outreach, the system has addressed a market failure in higher education. It has been a key asset in achieving for the United States a vibrant agricultural economy, a prominent position in world trade, significant rural development, healthy families and communities, and the increasingly sustainable natural resource base that are characteristic of “the great American Society. ” This paper explores some of the recent challenges facing the land grant system, provides a framework for examining these challenges, and stresses the need for a new cadre of “land grant economists” to provide leadership as land grants struggle to identify new visions, missions, programs, and innovations that would serve as the bedrock of a new system. Selected areas of emerging opportunities for land grant intervention are also identified.
Improvement in High-$k$$(hboxHfO_2/hboxSiO_2)$Reliability by Incorporation of Fluorine

In this letter, we demonstrate that negative bias temperature instability of high-k (HfO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub>) gate dielectric stacks can be greatly improved by incorporating fluorine and engineering its concentration depth profile with respect to HfO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> interface. It was found that fluorine is easily incorporated in HfO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> at low temperatures (les400degC) by F<sub>2</sub> anneal in the presence of UV radiation. Fluorine tends to segregate at the HfO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> interface and, to a lesser extent, diffuses into the underlying SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si interface. The HfO<sub>2 </sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> stacks with F addition show significantly reduced (<50%) positive charge trapping and interface states generation compared to control samples without F
Imagined democracy? Nation-building and elections in Central Asia

Is an imagined democracy more important than actual democracy for nation-building purposes? After 20 years of independence, Central Asian countries present a mixed bag of strong and weak states, consolidated and fragmented nations. The equation of nation and state and the construction of genuine nation states remains an elusive goal in all of post-Soviet Central Asia. This paper examines the role that electoral politics has played in nation-state formation. We argue that electoral processes have been central to attempted nation-state building processes as part of efforts to legitimize authoritarian regimes; paradoxically in those few countries where (for brief periods) partial democratization actually occurred, elections contributed, at least in the short term, to nation-state fragmentation.
A Dynamic Recommendation System Based on Log Mining

This paper presents a new real-time, dynamic web page recommendation system based on web-log mining. The visit sequences of previous visitors are used to train a classifier for web page recommendation. The recommendation engine identifies a current active user, and submits its visit sequence as an input to the classifier. The output of the recommendation engine is a set of recommended web pages, whose links are attached to bottom of the requested page. Our experiments show that the proposed approach is effective: the predictive accuracy is quite high (over 90%), and the time for the recommendation is quite small.
Inhibiting the Ins and Outs of HIV Replication: Cell-Intrinsic Antiretroviral Restrictions at the Plasma Membrane

Like all viruses, human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs) and their primate lentivirus relatives must enter cells in order to replicate and, once produced, new virions need to exit to spread to new targets. These processes require the virus to cross the plasma membrane of the cell twice: once via fusion mediated by the envelope glycoprotein to deliver the viral core into the cytosol; and secondly by ESCRT-mediated scission of budding virions during release. This physical barrier thus presents a perfect location for host antiviral restrictions that target enveloped viruses in general. In this review we will examine the current understanding of innate host antiviral defences that inhibit these essential replicative steps of primate lentiviruses associated with the plasma membrane, the mechanism by which these viruses have adapted to evade such defences, and the role that this virus/host battleground plays in the transmission and pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS.
Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Volunteer Organisation Members (Volunteers) Motivation

Nowadays non-profit organisations that offer different services are getting more and more recognition. Organisation activities appeal to voluntary work. Presented services are more qualitative because they are fulfilled by dedicated volunteers; they are more efficient, because volunteers are not paid. Sometimes it happens not to know how to initiate the process of organisation development: not every member is involved into the process of voluntary organisation even if he has very good ideas; work is distributed inefficiently etc. Then many members become disappointed in such activity and do not believe that they can change or improve something in their lives. A closed circle forms: there are people who wish to work for the good of community but poor work motivation and misjudgement of initiatives disappoint people, and social activity sort of “dies” or is performed by two or three the most active members. Therefore such activity becomes more “on paper” than practical. It is very important that as much people as possible would understand the input and importance of their work and could act the country wellbeing and their welfare. Efficient motivation of volunteers work is necessary on purpose to achieve these goals. Behaviour of every person is determined by motives that are inner forces stimulating performance of certain actions. Motives are regulated by human needs realizing possibility and degree of their satisfaction. Human behaviour is pointless if motives and aims of the behaviour were incomprehensible. People motivation is pursuit to satisfy essential needs and to acquire something what is missing. People actualizing themselves do not have unsatisfied fundamental needs but they have impulsions. They work, endeavour and have ambitions, although not in the common meaning. Motivations for such people mean character perfection and expression, maturation and growth, in other words actualization of themselves in voluntary activity. Attitudes towards motivation and motives, motivation means of work activation of volunteer organisation members (volunteers) are analyzed in the publication. Importance of volunteers’ motives to continuity of voluntary work is highlighted; essential examples of voluntary work motives and motivation means are indicated. Benefit and difficulties of proper volunteers’ motivation are explained, possibilities of voluntary work are discussed. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.ee. 23.5. 3132
On the relationship between inventory and financial performance in manufacturing companies

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between inventory performance, both total inventory (INV) and its discrete components (raw material (RMI), work‐in‐process (WIP), and finished goods (FGI)), and financial performance in manufacturing companies.Design/methodology/approach – Statistical analysis is applied to the financial information of US‐based manufacturing firms over the 26‐year period from 1980 to 2005.Findings – The paper finds a significant positive correlation between inventory performance (total as well as the discrete components of inventory) and measures of financial performance (at both the gross and operating levels) for firms in manufacturing industries. The correlation between the performance of discrete types of inventory and financial performance varies significantly across inventory types. RMI performance has the highest correlation with all financial performance measures. Between WIP inventory and FGI performance, the former is more highly correlated with gr.
Optimization of energy consumption for table olive production using data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach.

The aim of this study was to determine the energy flow in the table olive production and to apply a non-parametric method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) in order to identify and optimize the energy efficiency of farmers, their present and targeted uses of energy and the amount of wasteful energy uses for table olive production in one of its main production centers in Iran. The results revealed that total energy input and energy output were found to be as 18274.42 and 55258.29 MJ ha -1 . Also the energy use efficiency was calculated as 3.02. The results of DEA analysis showed that among the 48 growers, 12 and 20 ones were technically and pure technically efficient, respectively. The technical, pure technical and scale efficiency scores of farmers were 0.91, 0.96 and 0.94, respectively. Optimum energy requirement was found to be 16868.35 MJ ha -1 . Among the energy inputs the chemical fertilizers energy input had the highest share in the total energy consumption and most of energy saving in the inefficient groves can be happened through reducing the chemical fertilizers use (by75% in average). It’s suggested that the use of chemical fertilizers, especially the nitrogen fertilizer, to be declined through the use of more farmyard manures instead.
Low Power and Small Area, 6.9 ps RMS Time-to-Digital Converter for 3-D Digital SiPM

Time-of-flight measurements are becoming essential to the advancement of several fields, such as preclinical positron emission tomography and high energy physics. Recent developments in single photon avalanche diode (SPAD)-based detectors have spawned a great interest in digital silicon photomultipliers (dSiPMs). To overcome the tradeoff between the photosensitive area and the processing capabilities in current 2-D dSiPM, we propose a novel 3-D digital SiPM, where the SPAD, designed for maximal photosensitive area, will be stacked in 3-D over the electronic circuits, designed in a CMOS node technology. All readout circuits will be implemented directly under the SPAD real estate, including quenching circuit, time-to-digital converter (TDC) and digital readout electronics. This paper focusses on the TDC element of this system, designed in TSMC CMOS 65 nm. This ring oscillator-based Vernier TDC requires only 25 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {\times }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 50 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {\mu }\text{m}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 160 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {\mu }\text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and achieves 6.9 ps rms timing accuracy.
Retention and HIV seroconversion among drug users on methadone maintenance treatment in Yunnan, China.

SETTING Thirteen methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinics across Yunnan, the province with the highest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden in China. OBJECTIVES To determine, among HIV-negative participants on MMT, the proportion lost to follow-up (defined as those who missed the 6-monthly follow-up examination), factors associated with loss to follow-up (LFU), HIV seroconversion rate and factors associated with seroconversion. DESIGN Prospective cohort study from October 2008 to April 2011. All participants were administered a pre-tested structured questionnaire to capture associated factors and offered HIV testing every 6 months. χ(2) test and log-binomial regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS Of 1146 participants, 541 (47%) were lost to follow-up in 2.5 years. Factors associated with higher LFU proportion include <6 months of previous MMT, inconvenient location of the MMT clinic and average methadone dose ⩽60 mg/day, with adjusted relative risks (RRs) of respectively 1.4 (95%CI 1.2-1.5), 1.2 (95%CI 1.0-1.4) and 1.1 (95%CI 1.0-1.3). The overall HIV seroconversion rate was 6.6 (95%CI 3.7-11.0) per 1000 person-years. Not living with a partner contributed to higher HIV rates, with an adjusted RR of 3.6 (95%CI 1.0-12.8). CONCLUSION The retention rate of MMT participants in Yunnan was not satisfactory. Decentralising service delivery in the community and making directly observed treatment more convenient has the potential to improve retention.
Simultaneous Estimation of Multiple Thermal Parameters of Large-Format Laminated Lithium-Ion Batteries

In-situ determinationof the thermal parameters for lithium-ion batteries is important yet challenging. This paper presents and validates a method to simultaneously estimate multiple thermal parameters for large-format laminated lithium-ion batteries. In this method, a circular planar heater was attachedat the center of the battery surface while the temperature responses at multiple strategically chosen locations were recorded with thermocouples. The heat conduction was modeled based on a two-dimensional axially-symmetric model containing heat capacity, thermal conductivities, and interfacial thermal conductance. These thermal parameters were tuned till the differences between the simulated and measured temperatures reached the minimum using optimization techniques. The estimated heat capacityagreed wellwith the result measuredwith an accelerating rate calorimeter. Theproposed methodcanalso be usedto estimate the thermal parameters of other devices/structures consisting of a covering outside and heterogeneousmaterials inside.
Deregulation as a Process of Organizational Reduction.

Unlike old soldiers, regulatory agencies seem not only never to die, but never to fade away. Yet many regulatory agencies at all levels of government have been charged with having either undesirable or no impacts. One research approach for analyzing their persistence involves examining the strategies that participants (e.g., reformers, agency personnel, regulated industry) in cases of (potential) deregulation, might follow. Deregulation can thus be viewed as a process of organizational reduction, i.e., as a special case of more general reduction or decline processes in organizations. Before discussing the processes of deregulation, we consider the manner in which the concept of "deregulation" has been used in various ways in the literature. Next, we describe several characteristic forms of deregulation. Finally, the emphasis on process leads to a discussion of the tactics and strategies likely to be employed by agencies and by the regulated parties. A key argument made in this essay is that public regulatory organizations are likely to play active, not passive responding roles in regulatory (including deregulatory) controversies.
Effect of a Heated Breathing Tube on Efficacy, Adherence and Side Effects during Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Background: Heated breathing tubes were developed to improve heated humidification in continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Objectives: We wanted to investigate the influence of a heated breathing tube on patients' satisfaction with the treatment, the rate of side effects and the adherence to treatment. Methods: Eighty-eight patients with primarily diagnosed OSAS were treated in a randomized, controlled, single-blind trial for 12 months either with a CPAP system plus conventional heated humidifier or with a CPAP system plus heated humidifier and an integrated heated breathing tube. Results: Both systems improved the respiratory disturbances and the quality of sleep in a similar manner. The difference in the overall satisfaction with the treatment (subscale 3 of the visual analogue scale) between the two treatment groups was not statistically significant (mean difference -14.1, 95% CI -28.7 to 0.6; p = 0.059). The rate of side effects and the quality of life did not differ significantly between the two groups. The patients with the heated breathing tube used the treatment on average 1 h longer, but this was not statistically significant (4.96 ± 1.95 vs. 3.90 ± 2.54 h/night; p = 0.06). Conclusions: Controlled heated breathing tube humidification as compared to conventional heated humidification improves neither the adherence to treatment, nor the rate of side effects, nor the quality of life in nonselected OSAS patients.
Free and Slave Labor in the Antebellum South: Perfect Substitutes or Different Inputs?

The substitutability between free and slave labor is examined, and the permissibility of aggregating the two in to a single labor variab le is investigated, using a translog production function. Slaves on large cotton farms worked in gangs; free labor was not observed to do so. Despite this, previous research has aggregated free and slave labor, and employed functional forms imposing strong restrictions on substitution. Estimation of the translog function shows that simple additive aggregation is not acceptable; on large farms, slaves and free labor were complements, while on small, nongang farms, they were substitutes. Copyright 1988 by MIT Press.
Renal tubulointerstitial damage is associated with short-term cardiovascular events in patients with myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND Urinary β2 microglobulin (U-β2MG) is a more sensitive and accurate marker of tubulointerstitial damage. The etiology of glomerular damage is related to the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with myocardial infarction (MI); however, the prognostic importance of tubulointerstitial damage in patients with ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) has not been established. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether renal tubulointerstitial damage is associated with the occurrence of MACE in patients after STEMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS AND RESULTS The degree of renal tubulointerstitial damage was evaluated by measuring the U-β2MG level in 89 consecutive STEMI patients. There were 22 MACEs during the follow-up period. Patients with MACE had higher U-β2MG levels than those without MACE, and the U-β2MG level was an independent predictor for MACE. A Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the group with higher U-β2MG levels corrected for urinary creatinine was associated with a greater risk for MACE. CONCLUSIONS An elevated U-β2MG level was associated with the occurrence of MACE in STEMI patients who underwent PCI. Renal tubulointerstitial damage is therefore considered to be associated with the occurrence of MACE.
How strategic is HRM

This study of 115 subsidiaries of Fortune 500 companies indicates that a majority had integrated HRM and strategic planning systems within their organizations. HRM issues were explicitly discussed in strategic plans; HRM executives were involved in the planning process as “strategic partners”; and HRM was generally recognized as playing an important role in implementing business strategies. The degree of integration present was not related to short-run firm performance, however, time lags may be a factor. Implications of these findings are drawn. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
TURBULENT TRANSITION AND ORGANIZATIONAL CHANCE: RELATING POLICY OUTCOMES TO STRATEGIC ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITIES

Much of the literature on public policy with its institutional and legislative emphases conveys the view that organizational effectiveness is primarily dependent on actors external to the agency. That is, laws prescribe programs and operating procedures; overlapping jurisdictions restrict innovative behavior; and the politics o f fund budgeting encourage complacency and incrementalism. This article proposes an alternative set of propositions explaining policy outcomes and agency performance as a function of internal administrative considerations. The propositions are empirically evaluated using data from Pacific Coast port authorities during the "container revolution" and environmental movement. The results suggest that variance in strategic performance can be attributed to (1) perceptions about intergovernmental relations and performance gap, (2) an agency micro-structure for strategic planning and policy analysis, and (3) a set of intervening administrative variables. Copyright 1988 by The Policy Studies Organization.
Exporting Paradise: Tourism And Development In Mexico

This book provides an in-depth, scholarly study of the growth of the international tourism industry in Mexico from about the mid-1960s to 2000. A major emphasis of the book is how the Mexican government—through infrastructure development, loans to industry, laws, tourist policies, international marketing, and so on—exported paradise (i.e., tourism) to the rest of the world and made Mexico a major tourist destination. The author, Michael Clancy, is a professor in the Politics and Government Department at the University of Hartford in Connecticut. The book consists of seven chapters, some of which are listed below to provide a quick insight into the book’s content.
The Effects of Image Congruence on Customers’ Brand Loyalty in the Upper Middle-Class Hotel Industry

This empirical article explores the effects of image congruence on customers’ postpurchasing behaviors, focusing specifically on customer satisfaction and brand loyalty in the lodging industry. Key findings indicate that social and ideal social image congruence has significant direct effects on customer satisfaction and indirect effects on attitudinal brand loyalty. The proposed model is tested following a systematic approach to mediation analysis as part of a structural equation modeling. Furthermore, the article discusses the theoretical and managerial implications of the findings as well as future research ideas.