Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance During the Wingate Anaerobic Test and Muscle Morphology in Males and Females

Performance indices during the Wingate 30-s anaerobic test and their relationship to muscle morphology of the vastus lateralis muscle were studied in 30 untrained male and female subjects. Absolute values for peak power (P05), total work performed (TW), power decrease (PD), and post-test blood lactate concentration were significantly greater for the male subjects. When expressed per unit of body mass or leg volume, both P05 and TW were larger for the males than the females (P less than 0.05). Significant correlations were noted for P05, TW, PD, and blood lactate and the percent of fast-twitch (FT) fibers and the percent relative area of FT fibers for the male but not the female subjects. The results from this experiment reveal a significant influence of muscle morphology on short-term anaerobic work performance for these male subjects. The absence of a similar relationship for the women subjects was likely due to the use of an inappropriately high resistance setting.
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Modelling Price Pressure in Financial Markets

We present experimental evidence that, unlike traditional assumptions in economic theory, security prices do not respond to pressure from their own excess demand. Instead, prices respond to excess demand of all securities, despite the absence of a direct link between markets. We propose a model of price pressure that explains these findings. In our model, agents set order prices that reflect the marginal valuation of desired future holdings, called " aspiration levels. " In the short run, as agents encounter difficulties executing their orders, they scale back their aspiration levels. Marginal valuations, order prices, and hence, transaction prices change correspondingly. The resulting price adjustment process coincides with the Global Newton Method. The assumptions of the model as well as its empirical implications are fully borne out by the data. Our model thus provides an economic foundation for why markets appear to search for equilibrium according to Newton's procedure.
The Role of Herpes Simplex Virus ICP27 in the Regulation of UL24 Gene Expression by Differential Polyadenylation

ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus specifies two sets of transcripts from theUL24 gene, short transcripts (e.g., 1.4 kb), processed at the UL24 poly(A) site, and long transcripts (e.g., 5.6 kb), processed at the UL26 poly(A) site. The 1.4- and 5.6-kb transcripts initiate from the same promoter but are expressed with early and late kinetics, respectively. Measurements of transcript levels following actinomycin D treatment of infected cells revealed that the 1.4- and 5.6-kb UL24 transcripts have similar stabilities, consistent with UL24 transcript kinetics being regulated by differential polyadenylation rather than by differential stabilities. Although the UL24 poly(A) site, which gives rise to short transcripts, is encountered first during processing, long transcripts processed at the UL26 site are equally or more abundant; thus, operationally, the UL24site is weak. Using a series of viral ICP27 mutants, we investigated whether ICP27, which has been suggested to stimulate the usage of weak poly(A) sites, stimulates 1.4-kb transcript accumulation. We found that accumulation of 1.4-kb transcripts did not require ICP27 during viral infection. Rather, ICP27 was required for full expression of 5.6-kb transcripts, and the decrease in 5.6-kb transcripts relative to 1.4-kb transcripts was not due solely to reduced DNA synthesis. Our results indicate that temporal expression of UL24transcripts can be regulated by differential polyadenylation and that although ICP27 is not required for processing at the operationally weakUL24 poly(A) site, it does modulate 5.6-kb transcript levels at a step subsequent to transcriptional initiation.
Technique to quantify local clustering of synaptic vesicles using single section data

Synaptic vesicles are organelles that specialize in the storage of a neurotransmitter that continuously undergo an exo‐endocytotic cycle. During this cycle vesicles change their positions within a presynaptic terminal and their numbers as well as spatial arrangement can provide insight into a neurotransmitter turnover. This article introduces a technique based on the nearest‐neighbor formalism to quantify the proximity of vesicles to active zones and vesicle clustering in different regions of a terminal. The technique, implemented in a software package, uses the two‐dimensional coordinates of features identified in digitized electron micrographs as an input. It has been validated in the analysis of asymmetric synapses of the rat hippocampal CA1 stratum radiatum affected by transient cerebral ischemia. It was shown that a 15‐minute‐long ischemic episode influenced the spatial arrangement of vesicles that were more distant from active zones and had larger intervesicle spacings with respect to the control. The latter effect was apparently stronger within 200 nm distance of active zones. Microsc. Res. Tech. 65:287–291, 2004. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incidence and Outcome of Multiple Intracranial Aneurysms in a Defined Population

Background and Purpose— Proportions of patients with single and multiple aneurysms among patients suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are not well established. We evaluated these proportions and the differences in outcome between SAH patients with a single aneurysm and those with multiple aneurysms in a defined population. Methods— Between 1989 and 1998, 2037 patients (age, 20 to 89 years) with ruptured intracranial aneurysm were treated in 11 hospitals in Nagasaki Prefecture. Multiple aneurysms were found in 361 of these patients. Age- and sex-specific incidences of ruptured aneurysm per 100 000 people were calculated. Results— For both single and multiple aneurysms, the incidences were significantly higher in women than in men 60 to 69 and 70 to 79 years of age. In every age category except 80 to 89 years, the frequency of multiple aneurysms was higher in women than in men. The overall frequency of multiple aneurysms was 20.2% in women, which was significantly higher than the 12.4% in men (P <0.0001). In patients 70 to 89 years of age, outcome was significantly worse (in terms of surgical complications) in patients with multiple aneurysms (12.1%) than in patients with a single aneurysm (6.0%). Conclusions— Among all patients with SAH, women ≥50 years of age outnumber other age and sex categories. Female sex itself is also associated with an increased rate of multiple aneurysms among SAH patients. Among the elderly ≥70 years of age, prognosis is less favorable for SAH patients with multiple aneurysms than for those with a single aneurysm.
2-Carboxy-1-phenylethanaminium perchlorate

In the title compound, C9H12NO2 +·ClO4 −, an intramolecular N—H⋯O interaction results in the formation of a six-membered ring having a twisted chair conformation. In the crystal structure, intermolecular O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O interactions link the molecules into a network. A weak C—H⋯π interaction is also found.
Discrete directional wavelet bases and frames for image compression and denoising

The application of the wavelet transform in image processing is most frequently based on a separable construction. Lines and columns in an image are treated independently and the basis functions are simply products of the corresponding one dimensional functions. Such method keeps simplicity in design and computation, but is not capable of capturing properly all the properties of an image. In this paper, a new truly separable discrete multi-directional transform is proposed with a subsampling method based on lattice theory. Alternatively, the subsampling can be omitted and this leads to a multi-directional frame. This transform can be applied in many areas like denoising, non-linear approximation and compression. The results on non-linear approximation and denoising show interesting gains compared to the standard two-dimensional analysis.
Childhood cancer in relation to distance from high voltage power lines in England and Wales: a case-control study

Abstract Objective To determine whether there is an association between distance of home address at birth from high voltage power lines and the incidence of leukaemia and other cancers in children in England and Wales. Design Case-control study. Setting Cancer registry and National Grid records. Subjects Records of 29 081 children with cancer, including 9700 with leukaemia. Children were aged 0-14 years and born in England and Wales, 1962-95. Controls were individually matched for sex, approximate date of birth, and birth registration district. No active participation was required. Main outcome measures Distance from home address at birth to the nearest high voltage overhead power line in existence at the time. Results Compared with those who lived > 600 m from a line at birth, children who lived within 200 m had a relative risk of leukaemia of 1.69 (95% confidence interval 1.13 to 2.53); those born between 200 and 600 m had a relative risk of 1.23 (1.02 to 1.49). There was a significant (P < 0.01) trend in risk in relation to the reciprocal of distance from the line. No excess risk in relation to proximity to lines was found for other childhood cancers. Conclusions There is an association between childhood leukaemia and proximity of home address at birth to high voltage power lines, and the apparent risk extends to a greater distance than would have been expected from previous studies. About 4% of children in England and Wales live within 600 m of high voltage lines at birth. If the association is causal, about 1% of childhood leukaemia in England and Wales would be attributable to these lines, though this estimate has considerable statistical uncertainty. There is no accepted biological mechanism to explain the epidemiological results; indeed, the relation may be due to chance or confounding.
Programming wireless sensor networks with logical neighborhoods: a road tunnel use case

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) involving actuation are increasingly envisioned in a range of fields. For instance, there is considerable interest in leveraging off WSNs to improve safety in road tunnels [3]. Researchers are envisioning tunnels equipped with WSN nodes that gather physical readings (e.g., light), monitor the structural integrity of the tunnel, and sense the presence of vehicles to detect a possible traffic congestion. Based on sensed data, the system operates a variety of devices, such as ventilation fans inside the tunnel, and traffic lights at the entrances. For instance, when a sensor detects the presence of a fire in a sector, the fans in the same sector are activated, and the traffic lights are turned red to prevent further vehicles from entering the tunnel.
How to (and How Not to) Analyze Deficient Height Samples

Historians may make misleading inferences from historical height data based on military records because before universal conscription many armies had minimum height requirements. Are some methods of allowing for the missing small soldiers better than others? Two decades of experience in working with such deficient height distributions yield strategies to use and to avoid in order to obtain robust estimates. The author concludes that the quantile bend estimator procedure is to be avoided, because the other procedures available—the Komlos-Kim method, truncated ordinary least squares regression, and truncated maximum likelihood regression—are more robust and appropriate. He demonstrates the consequences of the choices among those methods by showing that they determine whether height evidence implies that the early Industrial Revolution in England led to an improving or a declining standard of living.
Context-specific Route Directions

Route directions assist people in unfamiliar environments. In order to be useful, these route directions should reflect human conceptualization of wayfinding situations, they should be well memorable and they should cover the spatial situations to be encountered while following a route. In this work Guard is presented: a process for generating context-specific route directions that cover these properties. The route directions generated by Guard explicitly take into account environmental characteristics and route properties. They implement principles of good route directions, both from a cognitive and a representation-theoretic perspective, for example, the inclusion of landmarks and combining several consecutive instructions into a single one (so-called spatial chunking). The generation of route directions is realized as an optimization process that selects those instructions that ease conceptualization the most. The process results in a sequence of chunks, each representing an instruction for following the given route. Results of this work are twofold. On the one hand, it provides a thorough analysis of route directions from a representation-theoretic perspective resulting in systematics of elements that can be employed in generating route directions. On the other hand, it provides a process for generating route directions which is designed to ease including further and new findings in cognitive science and may serve as a test-bed for empirical studies.IOS Press is an international science, technical and medical publisher of high-quality books for academics, scientists, and professionals in all fields. Some of the areas we publish in: -Biomedicine -Oncology -Artificial intelligence -Databases and information systems -Maritime engineering -Nanotechnology -Geoengineering -All aspects of physics -E-governance -E-commerce -The knowledge economy -Urban studies -Arms control -Understanding and responding to terrorism -Medical informatics -Computer Sciences
Population-Based Study of Acute- and Long-Term Care Costs after Stroke in Patients with AF

Background New treatments for atrial fibrillation patients have been shown to be effective at reducing subsequent vascular event recurrence. However, there are few data on stroke costs in atrial fibrillation patients to allow the cost-effectiveness of these treatments to be assessed. Aims Using data from a population-based study, we assessed the acute and long-term costs of stroke in atrial fibrillation patients. Methods Health-care costs one-year before and five-years after stroke were obtained from a large population-based study (Oxford Vascular study). Costs were assessed for the three-months poststroke (acute period) and annually thereafter (postacute period). Annual postacute costs were compared with annual baseline costs. Based on patients' living arrangements, costs of institutionalization after the event were included. Results A total of 191 strokes occurred in 153 patients with known prior atrial fibrillation. Mean health-care costs after stroke were £10 413 (standard deviation 15 105) in the acute phase, with annual postacute health-care costs nonsignificantly smaller than those incurred before the event (£2400 vs. £3356, respectively; P = 0·198). However, for the 136 strokes surviving past the 90-day acute period, costs were nonsignificantly higher than those incurred in the year before the event (£3370 vs. £2566, respectively; P = 0·333). After stroke, 25 (13%) patients were newly admitted into long-term warden, nursing, or residential care, resulting in annual costs of £6880 (standard deviation 15 600) averaged across the 136 stroke cases surviving past the acute period. Conclusions Although annual post acute phase hospital and primary health-care costs in stroke patients with prior atrial fibrillation were not significantly different to those incurred before the stroke, long-term nursing/residential care costs were substantial.
TGF-ß Signaling in Fibroblasts Modulates the Oncogenic Potential of Adjacent Epithelia

Stromal cells can have a significant impact on the carcinogenic process in adjacent epithelia. The role of transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) signaling in such epithelial-mesenchymal interactions was determined by conditional inactivation of the TGF-β type II receptor gene in mouse fibroblasts (Tgfbr2fspKO). The loss of TGF-β responsiveness in fibroblasts resulted in intraepithelial neoplasia in prostate and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the forestomach, both associated with an increased abundance of stromal cells. Activation of paracrine hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling was identified as one possible mechanism for stimulation of epithelial proliferation. Thus, TGF-β signaling in fibroblasts modulates the growth and oncogenic potential of adjacent epithelia in selected tissues.
Graphene base transistors with optimized emitter and dielectrics

The Graphene Base Transistor (GBT) is a very promising device concept for analog applications. The device operates similar to the hot electron transistor and exploits the high carrier mobility of graphene to reduce the base resistance that limits the unity power gain frequency (fmax) and the noise figure (NF) of RF devices. Although the DC functionality of the GBT has been experimentally demonstrated, at present RF performance can be investigated by simulations only. In this paper, we predict the DC current and the cutoff frequency of different GBT designs (including dimensions and various materials), with the aim to optimize the GBT structure and to achieve THz operation. In particular, optimized emitter/dielectrics combinations are proposed to maximize RF figures of merit.
Visual responses in the lateral geniculate nucleus of dichromatic and trichromatic marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

New-world primates such as the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) show polymorphism for the middle- to long-wavelength sensitive cone pigments. Each X-chromosome carries a gene for only one of three possible pigments. All males are thus dichromats, but some females will be trichromats. We have investigated the responses of cells of the parvocellular (PC) and magnocellular (MC) systems within animals from a single marmoset family. The middle- to long-wavelength pigment of dichromats was identified physiologically. Trichromats could readily be distinguished from dichromats by the presence of a high proportion of red-green opponent PC-cells. The physiological classification of phenotypes was confirmed with genetic analysis. The pattern of inheritance was consistent with current genetic models. In trichromatic females, the properties of cells resembled in detail those of cells from the PC- and MC-pathways of the macaque. In dichromats, cell responses resembled those of trichromats (except for the lack of opponency in PC-cells); PC-cells showed sustained and MC-cells transient responses, with a lower contrast gain for the former type. One difference was that a proportion of PC-cells in dichromats showed strong rod input even at high levels of retinal illuminance. Thus, in trichromatic marmosets the presence of two middle- to long-wave pigments appears to permit the elaboration of all the physiological properties associated with trichromacy.
An Agent-Based Simulation Model of the Economy: An Empirical Study of Negative Income Tax System in a Transition Economy

In this paper, we present an agent-based computer simulation model to analyze the dynamic relationship between economic growth and income difference in a transition economy and to evaluate the empirical effects of negative income tax system. Micro agents in the economy form the economic networks and enable the economy to evolve forward through the intelligential evolutionary system and mutual interactions between the agents. Based on the logical reasons of the transition economy, the model finally gives the results of the simulation: when the economy finishes rapid transition and enters into stable development, by implementing negative income tax system, government can effectively decrease income difference while at the same time maintain rapid economic growth.
A Pipeline Tweet Contextualization System at INEX 2013

This article describes a pipeline system and preliminary results for Tweet Contextualization at INEX 2013. The system consists of three steps: tweet analysis, passage retrieval and summarization. For each tweet, key phrases are first extracted by making use of ArkTweet toolkit and employing several heuristics. They are then submitted as queries to Indri search engine to retrieve relevant passages. Finally, a multi-document summarization system (MEAD) is used to generate the output document with a limit of 500 words. The preliminary results show that the approach does not work well where our run was ranked 22nd out of 24 runs. We discuss our observations for these results and some further possible improvements.
A MovingObject Index for Efficient Query Processing with Peer-Wise Location Privacy

With the growing use of location-based services, location privacy attracts increasing attention from users, industry, and the research community. While considerable effort has been devoted to inventing techniques that prevent service providers from knowing a user's exact location, relatively little attention has been paid to enabling so-called peer-wise privacy---the protection of a user's location from unauthorized peer users. This paper identifies an important efficiency problem in existing peer-privacy approaches that simply apply a filtering step to identify users that are located in a query range, but that do not want to disclose their location to the querying peer. To solve this problem, we propose a novel, privacy-policy enabled index called the PEB-tree that seamlessly integrates location proximity and policy compatibility. We propose efficient algorithms that use the PEB-tree for processing privacy-aware range and kNN queries. Extensive experiments suggest that the PEB-tree enables efficient query processing.
The Role of Arterial Baroreceptors in Mediating the Cardiovascular Response to a Cardiac Glycoside in Conscious Dogs

To determine the role of the arterial baroreceptor reflex in mediating the cardiovascular response to a cardiac glycoside, we examined the effects of ouabain (G-strophanthin), 17.5 jtg/kg, iv, on direct and continuous measurements of left ventricular diameters, pressures, velocity of shortening, (dP/dt)/P, arterial pressure, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance. These studies were conducted on healthy conscious dogs before and after total arterial baroreceptor denervation (TABD). Maximal pressor effects were observed in the first 3–5 minutes; mean arterial pressure increased by 11 ±1 mm Hg in normal dogs compared to 33 ±4 mm Hg in denervated dogs. In intact dogs at this time heart rate decreased by 18 ± 2 beats/mil) and cardiac output fell by 18 ± 3%; these values gradually returned toward control over 15–30 minutes. When heart rate was kept constant, cardiac output did not fall after injection of ouabain. In contrast, heart rate and cardiac output did not change significantly after ouabain in dogs with TABD. The maximal effects on the contractile state of the heart occurred between 15–30 minutes and were similar in both groups. Arterial baroreceptor reflexes appear to be responsible for the reduction in heart rate and cardiac output caused by administration of ouabain to the intact dog. They exert an important buffering action on the vaso-pressor effect but a less important action on the inotropic response.