Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Weekly Water Balance of Pomegranate in Parbhani District

Water balance study is carried out to determine the weekly evapotranspiration, irrigation required and available useful rainfall. Daily rainfall data was collected from Metrological Department, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani. Daily rainfall were converted to weekly rainfall. Daily reference crop evapotranspiration values were estimated by Penman-Monteith method with help of DSS_ET software. The weekly water requirement and weekly effective rainfall gives an idea about irrigation required. The Pomegranate evapotranspiration in Ambia bahar is more as compare to Mrig and Hast bahar. It observe that supplemental irrigation required in Mrig bahar is highest followed by Hast and Ambia bahar. Rainfall contribution to the Pomegranate evapotranspiration is maximum for Ambia Bahar than Mrig and Hast bahar. number of water deficit weeks maximum in Mrig bahar followed by Ambia and Hast bahar.
Gamma-rays induced genome wide stable mutations in cowpea deciphered through whole genome sequencing

Gamma-rays are the most widely exploited physical mutagen in plant mutation breeding. They are known to be involved in development of more than 60% of global cowpea mutant varieties. Nevertheless, the characteristics of genome wide mutations induced by gamma-rays has not been studied in cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ). In the present investigation, mutations elicited by gamma-rays in three cowpea mutant lines in M 6 generation were characterized through whole-genome sequencing. Gamma-rays induced a relatively higher frequency (91.1%) of single base substitutions (SBSs) with an average transition to transversion ratio (Ti/Tv) of 2.82. A>G transitions including its complementary T>C transitions predominated the transition mutations, while all the four types of transversion mutations were detected with almost equal frequencies (5.6% to 7.4%). Indels constituted about 9% of the total induced variation wherein small insertions (5.3%) were relatively more prominent than small deletions (3.7%). Among the indels, single base indels and in particular those involving A/T bases showed preponderance, albeit indels of up to five bases were detected in low proportions. Distributed across all 11 chromosomes, only a fraction of SBSs (19.3%) and indels (12.7%) potentially altered the encoded amino-acids/peptides. The inherent mutation rate induced by gamma-rays in cowpea was observed to be in the order of 1.76 x 10 -6 per base pair. Therefore, gamma-rays with greater tendency to induce SBSs and to a lesser extent indels could be efficiently and effectively exploited in cowpea mutation breeding.
Assessing the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Subway Ridership and on the Interactions with other Transportation Modes

The COVID-19 pandemic has led governments to implement restrictive policies which have caused unprecedented effects on transportation systems. This paper assesses which measures had more impacts on subway daily ridership in Montreal (Quebec, Canada) and on the interactions between modes using time series approaches. Change point detection methods, based on regression structure and Bayesian posterior probabilities, are first applied to automatic fare collection (AFC) data available from January 2019 to December 2021. Nine breakpoints (or ten phases) are found and linked to the COVID-19 timeline of the city. The impacts are then quantified by phase, and their variability is analyzed by day type and period. The evolution of the daily and weekly patterns in subway usage is also examined using time-frequency wavelet analysis. Finally, changes in correlations between the subway ridership and the use of three other transportation modes (cycling, private car, and carsharing) are modeled using interrupted time series models with autoregressive errors. The results reveal that lockdown implementations had a negative, immediate but decreasing impact on subway use, while release measures combined with transit-specific policies (such as free distribution of masks) led to a gradual recovery. The impacts varied in time, but traditional 5-day-a-week peak hour travel declined the most. The use of the other modes, as well as their system-level interactions with the subway, were also affected. Potential modal shifts were highlighted. Such findings provide practitioners and planners with useful insights into the COVID-19 pandemic impacts on mobility.
Epigenetic age and socioeconomic status contribute to racial disparities in cognitive and functional aging between Black and White older Americans

Epigenetic age, a biological aging marker measured by DNA methylation, is a potential mechanism by which social factors drive disparities in age-related health. Epigenetic age gap is the residual between epigenetic age measures and chronological age. Previous studies showed associations between epigenetic age gap and age-related outcomes including cognitive capacity and performance on some functional measures, but whether epigenetic age gap contributes to disparities in these outcomes is unknown. We use data from the Health and Retirement Study to examine the role of epigenetic age gap in racial disparities in cognitive and functional outcomes and consider the role of socioeconomic status (SES). Epigenetic age measures are GrimAge or Dunedin Pace of Aging methylation (DPoAm). Cognitive outcomes are cross-sectional score and two-year change in Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS). Functional outcomes are prevalence and incidence of limitations performing Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs). We find, relative to White participants, Black participants have lower scores and greater decline in TICS, higher prevalence and incidence rates of IADL limitations, and higher epigenetic age gap. Age- and gender-adjusted analyses reveal that higher GrimAge and DPoAm gap are both associated with worse cognitive and functional outcomes and mediate 6-11% of racial disparities in cognitive outcomes and 19-39% of disparities in functional outcomes. Adjusting for SES attenuates most DPoAm associations and most mediation effects. These results support that epigenetic age gap contributes to racial disparities in cognition and functioning and may be an important mechanism linking social factors to disparities in health outcomes.
Serotonin 1A receptor distribution in treatment-resistant depression during psychopharmacotherapy compared to healthy controls

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with a high lifetime prevalence and is a major cause of disability. An additional burden on patients is that up to 60% of the first antidepressant (AD) trials do not provide adequate symptom relief and after two subsequent AD trials, a patient is referred to as treatment-resistant. The serotonin 1A receptor subtype (5-HT1A) has commonly been used to study pathophysiological alteration in MDD. However, PET data on treatment-resistant depression (TRD) populations is still limited. In this cross-sectional study, 5-HT1A receptor binding was assessed in 20 TRD patients (9 female, mean age {+/-} SD, 29.0 {+/-} 5.2) and 20 healthy controls (HC) (10 female, mean age {+/-} SD, 33.2 {+/-} 8.2). Positron emission tomography (PET) scans with the radiotracer [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635 were acquired and 5-HT1A non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) was quantified using the multilinear reference tissue model 2, with the cerebellar white matter as reference region. Mean regional BPND in five regions of interest (amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, insula and orbitofrontal cortex) was compared in a repeated measures analysis of covariance (rmANCOVA) with age, sex and group as covariates. Estimated marginal means showed slightly lower BPND in TRD group (mean {+/-} SD = 5.464 {+/-} 0.247) than in the HC group (mean {+/-} SD = 5.938 {+/-} 0.245). However, the rmANCOVA showed no significant group difference (p = 0.659). Studies on 5-HT1A binding in MDD show heterogeneous results, where the directionality of difference as well as the significance of findings strongly depend on specific outcome measures (BPND, BPF or BPP), reference region or quantification method. Here we showed no significant effect of TRD on BPND, similar to other studies applying the same methodology for MDD cohorts.
An approach to compute Photosynthetically Active Radiation using IRS P4 OCM

An approach was developed using the IRS P4 Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) for the estimation of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR). Bird's clear sky model will be implemented using IRS P4 OCM data on an operational basis. IRS P4 OCM data (bands 6 and 8) were used in the present study to provide an instantaneous estimation of aerosol optical depth using the exponential approach. The transmittance coefficient required for aerosol optical depth was computed as a next step. This was further incorporated in Bird's clear sky model with other atmospheric transmittance coefficients due to absorption from water vapour, ozone, and uniformly mixed gases. Spectral irradiance was integrated over photosynthetically active wavelengths (400–700 nm), which provides instantaneous photosynthetically available radiation (IPAR) at the sea surface. Ship cruise data (SK 171 and SK 186) for PAR using Satalantic radiometer was compared with IRS P4 OCM derived IPAR within 5.2% accuracy on average for two different monsoon seasons in the Arabian sea. The root mean square error between the observed PAR (in situ) and estimated (model‐derived) PAR was found to be 21.28 W m−2. This IPAR value is an important parameter for primary productivity estimation and will be used to compute primary productivity on an operational basis using IRS P4 OCM data.
Deep‐sea channel evolution and stratigraphic architecture from inception to abandonment from high‐resolution Autonomous Underwater Vehicle surveys offshore central California

The Lucia Chica channel system is an avulsion belt with four adjacent channels that progressively avulsed to the north‐east from a single, upslope feeder channel. Avulsion occurred from underfilled channels, leaving open channels that were reactivated by flows stripped from younger, adjacent channels. Differences in relief (height from channel thalweg to levée crest), sinuosity and levée stratigraphy between adjacent channels correspond to relative channel age, and indicate a change in channel morphology and architecture with time. Potential triggers for the change over time include differences in gradient, flow behaviour and characteristics, and channel evolution. Gradient does not appear to be a major control on channel formation and avulsion because adjacent channels formed on the same gradient. Based on available ultra‐high‐resolution remote imaging obtained with an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle, differences in adjacent channel morphology are interpreted to be primarily a result of differences in channel maturity. The interpreted sequence of channel maturity involves erosional channel inception through scouring and incipient channels (defined by linear trains of scours) prior to development of continuous thalwegs. Channel narrowing, formation and growth of levées, increasing channel relief and development of sinuosity occurred as channels evolved. The evolutionary sequence interpreted from the high‐resolution Lucia Chica dataset provides a unique perspective on intrinsic controls of architecture for single channel elements. In addition to helping bridge the gap between outcrop and industry‐standard reflection‐seismic data resolutions and scopes, interpretations in this study also expose potential problems with hierarchical classifications in three‐dimensional imaging of distributary systems, and provide potentially important analogues for evolutionary morphologies not resolved in other deep‐water channel systems.
TREEFINDER : A powerful graphical analysis environment for molecular phylogenetics

Background: Most analysis programs for inferring molecular phylogenies are difficult to use, in particular for researchers with little programming experience. Results: TREEFINDER is an easy-to-use integrative platform-independent analysis environment for molecular phylogenetics. In this paper the main features of TREEFINDER (version of April 2004) are described. TREEFINDER is written in ANSI C and Java and implements powerful statistical approaches for inferring gene tree and related analyzes. In addition, it provides a user-friendly graphical interface and a phylogenetic programming language. Conclusions: TREEFINDER is a versatile framework for analyzing phylogenetic data across different platforms that is suited both for exploratory as well as advanced studies.
Exosome-Encapsulated MicroRNA-21 from Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Enhances Angiogenesis of Human Umbilical Venous Endothelial Cells by Targeting SPRY1

Objective: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) persists among the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Angiogenesis represents a crucial element necessitated for tumor growth and metastasis in ESCC. In this study, we aimed to study the effect of microRNA (miR)-21 on angiogenesis in ESCC and its underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods: Initially, the expression patterns of miR-21, SPRY1, and VEGF were determined in ESCC tissues and cells. The relationship between miR-21 and SPRY1 was identified using dual-luciferase reporter assay. Exosomes were subsequently isolated from the ESCC cells, followed by co-culture with the human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVEC proliferation and angiogenesis were determined by means of CCK-8, colony formation, and microtubule formation in vitro. Chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model and mouse xenograft model of ESCC cells were established to substantiate the function of miR-21 corresponding to the angiogenesis and tumor growth of ESCC, followed by microvascular density (MVD) evaluation. Results: Expression patterns of miR-21 and VEGF were elevated, while the SPRY1 expression pattern was repressed in ESCC tissues and cells. The downregulation of miR-21 and exosome-derived miR-21 impeded the proliferation and angiogenesis in HUVECs. Our data revealed that miR-21 could negatively target SPRY1, and positively target VEGF. The downregulation of miR-21 could evidently encumber the angiogenesis and tumor growth of ESCC in vivo, as evidenced by the decrease in number of branches of the microvessels and MVD. Conclusion: Collectively, ESCC cell-derived exosome containing miR-21 promotes the proliferation and angiogenesis of HUVECs via SPRY1 downregulation and VEGF upregulation.
Metabolic Alterations in Parkinson ’ s Disease after Thalamotomy , as Revealed by 1 H MR Spectroscopy

Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients each underwent stereotactic thalamotomy for the control of medically refractory parkinsonian tremor. Single-voxel H MRS was performed on a 1.5T unit using a STEAM sequence (TR/TM/TE, 2000/14/20 msec), and spectra were obtained from substantia nigra, thalamus and putamen areas, with volumes of interest of 7 8ml, before and after thalamotomy. NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr metabolite ratios were calculated from relative peak area measurements, and any changes were recorded and assessed.
Powelliphanta augusta, a new species of land snail, with a description of its former habitat, Stockton coal plateau, New Zealand

Abstract A recently discovered and threatened large land snail, Powelliphanta augusta n. sp. is described from Mt Augustus on the western scarp of the Stockton Plateau, North Westland. On shell characters it is readily distinguishable from all other Powelliphanta, with narrow red spiral lines underlying irregular and variable dark reddish‐brown axial bands, a small adult size and sculptured dorsal surface. Differences in the shell morphology of P. augusta, its closest phylogenetic relative P. lignaria, and its closest geographic neighbour P. patrickensis, were investigated using principal components analysis. P. lignaria is much larger than either P. augusta or P. patrickensis, and there are significant differences in shell shape between the three taxa. Earlier mitochondrial DNA sequencing data, which supported specific status of P. augusta, is discussed. The snail's only habitat on the Mt Augustus ridgeline is described, but most has now been removed by coal mining. Snails salvaged before the destruction of their habitat have been taken into captivity or released in the wild outside their natural range.
Pursuing Eco-Innovation within Southeastern European Clusters

This paper explains Eco-Innovation (EI) activities of clusters deriving from 11 countries of Southeastern European (SEE) region. The study indicates that more than a half of the analysed clusters in the SEE region have set objectives related to EI in their cluster strategies, while just a few of them primarily focused on EI. Thus, results suggest that being primarily focused on EI is positively correlated with most of the activities related to EI which are being implemented. These activities are mostly oriented towards spreading information and awareness-raising, while not towards investing ‘heavily’ in the implementation of EI. This study offers an outline of the current situation regarding EI activities in the analyzed clusters of the SEE region. Other findings of this paper are: first, clusters have the influential power/potential to steer companies towards engagement in EI by setting the objectives and focus on EI, and second, clusters’ primary focus is related to the extent of EI’s activities.
A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a widespread developmental disorder of the nervous system with an unclear etiology and pathogenesis. Its global incidence is currently increasing, and no effective drugs are available to improve its core symptoms. Nonpharmaceutical therapy can effectively relieve the core symptoms of autism, has fewer side effects than drugs, and is easily accepted by patients. This systematic and network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of non-pharmaceutical therapy on autism to explore preferable therapeutic options for autism. Methods: Online databases, including the China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], SinoMed, Wanfang Database [WF], China Science and Technology Journal Database [VIP], MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library will be searched for randomized controlled trials of nonpharmacological interventions for autism published before October 2021. Two researchers will be independently responsible for the literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. Standard paired and Bayesian networkmeta-analyses will be performed using RevMan 5.3 Software andGEMTC 0.14. 3, to compare the efficacy and safety of different nonpharmacological regimens. Results: The results of this systematic and network meta-analysis will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive and reliable evidence-based reference for the efficacy and safety of different non-pharmacological interventions for autism. PROSPERO registration number: CRD 42021275571 Abbreviations: ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ASD = autism spectrum disorder, RCT = randomized controlled trial, TMS = transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Influence of Torque on Lateral Capacity of Drilled Shafts in Sands

As a result of recent changes in the requirements involving hurricane extreme events (e.g., wind velocities), the Florida Department of Transportation has moved away from cable-stayed signs, signals, and lights systems to mast arm/pole structures. Unfortunately, the newer systems develop significant lateral and torque loading on their foundations (e.g., drilled shafts). Current design practice for a mast arm/pole foundation is to treat lateral loading and torsion separately (i.e., uncoupled); however, recent field-testing suggests otherwise. This paper reports on the results of 91 centrifuge tests. 54 of the tests were conducted in dry sand and 37, in saturated sands. The tests varied the lateral load to torque ratios, shaft embedment depths, and soil strengths. The experiments revealed that even though the torsional resistances of the shafts were not influenced by lateral load, the shafts' lateral resistance was significantly impacted by torsion. Reductions in lateral resistance of 50% were recorded for shafts under high torque to lateral load ratios. Using the free earth support assumption and the ultimate soil pressure the soil pressure distribution along the shaft was developed. Using force and moment equilibrium, as well as the applied torque, maximum shear, and moments were computed. The predicted values were found to be within 25% (10% on average, except for the tests in saturated dense sand with polymer slurry) of the experimental results.
Influence of nutrient enrichment on colonisation and photosynthetic parameters of hard substrate marine microphytobenthos

Abstract This study aimed to assess the influence of nutrient enrichment on the development of microalgal biofilm on concrete and PVC cubes. Three mesocosms were utilized to create a nutrient gradient over a period of 28 days. Various parameters including biomass, photosynthetic activity, microtopography, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were measured. Imaging PAM techniques were employed to obtain surface-wide data. Results revealed that nutrient availability had no significant impact on Chl a biomass and the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII ( / ). The photosynthetic capacity and efficiency were minimally affected by nutrient availability. Interestingly, the relationship between microphytobenthic (MPB) biomass and photosynthesis and surface rugosity exhibited distinct patterns. Negative reliefs showed a strong correlation with / while no clear pattern emerged for biomass on rough concrete structures. Overall, our findings demonstrate that under conditions of heightened eutrophication, biofilm photosynthesis thrives in the fissures and crevasses of colonized structures regardless of nutrient levels. This investigation provides valuable insights into the interplay between nutrient availability and surface rugosity.
Neuronal activity and reward processing in relation to binge eating

Purpose of review Studies increasingly show the importance of reward processing in binge eating and provide evidence of associated changes in the neurobiological reward system. This review gives an up-to-date overview of the neurobiological substrates of reward processing subconstructs in binge eating. Neural findings are linked to different behavioral theories and the clinical relevance is discussed. Recent findings Increased neural responses in the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex as well as striatum during anticipation and receipt of food rewards are found in association to binge eating. Increased model-free learning is also found and associated with altered brain reward reactivity. Data in rest report reduced striatal dopamine release and lower frontostriatal connectivity. Mechanisms of onset of binge eating are less clear, but specific personality traits, related to frontostriatal dysconnectivity, probably increase the risk of binge eating onset. Summary Both structural and task-based imaging studies show differences in the neurobiological reward system in binge eating. These changes are linked to specific reward processing, such as altered reward responsiveness to food cues, reinforcement learning, and habitual behavior. Findings are lined with different behavioral theories of binge eating, and a staging model is described, from onset to full illness development. Understanding the specific underlying aberrant reward mechanism in binge eating, associated with different stages of the illness, enables caregivers to focus their treatment more precisely.