Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Community Detection in Locally Heterogeneous Networks

In recent years, the size of many social networks such as Facebook, MySpace, and LinkedIn has exploded at a rapid pace, because of its convenience in using the internet in order to connect geographically disparate users. This has lead to considerable interest in many graph-theoretical aspects of social networks such as the underlying communities, the graph diameter, and other structural information which can be used in order to mine useful information from the social network. The graph structure of social networks is influenced by the underlying social behavior, which can vary considerably over different groups of individuals. One of the disadvantages of existing schemes is that they attempt to determine global communities, which (implicitly) assume uniform behavior over the network. This is not very well suited to the differences in the underlying density in different regions of the social network. As a result, a global analysis over social community structure can result in either very small communities (in sparse regions), or communities which are too large and incoherent (in dense regions). In order to handle the challenge of local heterogeneity, we will explore a simple property of social networks, which we refer to as the local succinctness property. We will use this property in order to extract compressed descriptions of the underlying community representation of the social network with the use of a min-hash approach. We will show that this approach creates balanced communities across a heterogeneous network in an effective way. We apply the approach to a variety of data sets, and illustrate its effectiveness over competing techniques.
Characterization of Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis attending the Muscular Dystrophy Association-Supported Clinics in Puerto Rico.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sociodemographic characteristics and clinical and functional profile of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients evaluated at Puerto Rico's Muscular Dystrophy Association-supported (MDA) clinics. METHODS A retrospective review of 76 medical records of ALS patients evaluated at any of four MDA-sponsored clinics in Puerto Rico. RESULTS The mean age of diagnosis was 57.4 ± 11.1 yrs. Most of the patients (52.3%) were women. The majority of the cases were sporadic (48.7%). Over 40% of the patients were diagnosed at one year or earlier. Patients with initial upper extremity involvement (63.2%) were diagnosed earlier (≤ 6 months) than any of the others. The most common presentation of the disease overall was lower extremity weakness (34.2%), which was followed by a bulbar presentation (31.6%). There was a marked difference between men and women in disease presentation, with bulbar involvement in 75% of the women. CONCLUSION This study characterized a sample of ALS patients in Puerto Rico who are receiving services at the MDA-sponsored clinics. Puerto Rican patients have similarities with published data from the United States and other countries, including: sporadic pattern, initial symptoms in extremities, and time to diagnosis. Major differences are that the disease was more common in women than in men and that a higher than expected percentage of patients presented with bulbar onset. This may partly account for the overall predominance of the disease in women over men as found in our study, since the bulbar presentation has been reported to be more common in women. Studies with a greater number of patients are needed to determine whether our findings are reproducible. This study will serve as a basis for designing future analytic studies regarding etiology or the factors that might modulate disease progression.
Cytotoxicity of a novel nano-silver particle endodontic irrigant

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of a novel nano-silver particle (25.2±6.5 nm) endodontic irrigant (0.2 mM) and compare it with 3% sodium hypochlorite. Materials and methods Two cell types, mouse fibroblast National Institutes of Health 3T3 (NIH 3T3) and primary human periodontal ligament stem cell (hPDLSCs) were used in a test for the effect of direct and indirect (by separating the agent and cell with a layer of agar) exposure to the two solutions. In the direct exposure experiment, ten groups of cell cultures were exposed to one dilution (3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6 or 1:7) of a nano-silver irrigant for 48 hours; the concentration-response function was estimated by determining the number of viable cells in each group by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The 50% lethal dose of the testing irrigant for NIH3T3 and hPDLSCs were estimated. In the second part of the experiment, a modified agar overlaying technique was applied. Twelve culture wells (6-well plate) were divided into three groups (n=4). The cell lysis zone (cytotoxic range) created by the stock nano-silver solution, 3% sodium hypochlorite, and an isotonic phosphate buffering saline (control) was measured by two double blinded observers (Kappa score =100%). The cytotoxic score of specific irrigant was derived by modified Sjögren’s method. Results The 50% lethal doses of the testing nano silver irrigant for NIH 3T3 and hPDLSCs after 48 hours of direct exposure were 0.58 and 0.608 dilution of stock solution, respectively. The cytotoxic scores of nano-silver irrigant and control (phosphate buffered saline) on NIH 3T3 were 0.25 (95% confidence interval [CI] =0 to 1.04) and 0 (95% CI =0 to 0); and on hPDLSCs were 0.13 (95% CI =0 to 0.52) and 0.25 (95% CI =0 to 1.04), respectively. Toxicity of the test and control group on both mouse fibroblasts (P>0.05) and hPDLSCs (P=1.00) was not statistically different. Conclusion Our results showed that the nano-silver irrigant was non-cytotoxic to both NIH 3T3 and hPDLSCs.
Image Indexing Using Prosemantic Features

We present here, an image description approach based on prosemantic features. The images are firstly represented by a set of low-level features related to their structure and color distribution. Those descriptions are fed to a battery of image classifiers trained to evaluate the membership of the images with respect to a set of 14 overlapping classes. Prosemantic features are obtained by packing together the scores. In this paper we will show how prosemantic features outperform traditional low-level features in a variety of tasks. One is content-based retrieval: we included prosemantic features into the framework of the QuickLook image retrieval system. Target search experiments show that the use of prosemantic features, combined with the relevance feedback mechanism of QuickLook, allows for a more successful and quick retrieval of the query images with respect to low-level features. Moreover, we will show the effectiveness of our features for the browsing and visualization of the results obtained from image
UPCA: An efficient URL-Pattern based algorithm for accurate web page classification

With the explosive growth of Web pages appearing in the Internet and mobile Internet, it is quite challenging for Web search engines to provide users with desirable results from large amount of data. One of important problems for improving the service in search engines is web page classification. For this problem, current approaches usually first extract features from Web pages and then use traditional machine learning methods for training process. However, these methods usually are time-consuming and do not take incremental learning into consideration at all, thus they may not be suitable for online applications. Therefore, in this paper we rethink the problem of Web page classification by only using URLs and propose an efficient Url-Pattern based Classification Algorithm (named UPCA). Specifically, given a set of training samples with the same label, we first construct a pattern tree and extract main patterns from it. Then we can classify new Web pages by matching their URLs to the patterns. Also, we propose an efficient incremental pattern-tree algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves very promising performance, in terms of both classification accuracy and computational efficiency.
The Teller Acuity Cards Are Effective in Detecting Amblyopia

Purpose. Detection of amblyopia in infants and toddlers is difficult because the current clinical standard for this age group, fixation preference, is inaccurate. Although grating acuity represents an alternative, studies of preschoolers and schoolchildren report that it is not equivalent to the gold standard optotype acuity. Here, we examine whether the Teller Acuity Cards (TAC) can detect amblyopia effectively by testing children old enough (7.8 ± 3.6 years) to complete optotype acuity testing. Methods. Grating acuity was assessed monocularly in 45 patients with unilateral amblyopia, 44 patients at risk for amblyopia, and 37 children with no known vision disorders. Each child’s grating acuity was classified as normal/abnormal based on age-appropriate norms. These classifications were compared with formal amblyopia diagnoses. Results. Grating acuity was finer than optotype acuity among amblyopic eyes (medians: 0.28 vs. 0.40 logMAR, respectively, p < 0.0001) but not among fellow eyes (medians: 0.03 vs. 0.10 logMAR, respectively, p = 0.36). The optotype acuity-grating acuity discrepancy among amblyopic eyes was larger for cases of severe amblyopia than for moderate amblyopia (means: 0.64 vs. 0.18 logMAR, respectively, p = 0.0001). Nevertheless, most cases of amblyopia were detected successfully by the TAC, yielding a sensitivity of 80%. Furthermore, grating acuity was relatively sensitive to all amblyopia subtypes (69 to 89%) and levels of severity (79 to 83%). Conclusions. Although grating acuity is finer than optotype acuity in amblyopic eyes, most children with amblyopia were identified correctly suggesting that grating acuity is an effective clinical alternative for detecting amblyopia.
The Influence of Chronically Accessible Autonomous and Controlling Motives on Physical Activity Within an Extended Theory of Planned Behavior

An extended theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991), incorporating the postdecisional phase of behavior and constructs from self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985), was tested for physical activity using a prospective survey design. Participants (N = 172) completed measures of intentions, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), self-determined motivation, continuation intentions, and chronically accessible physical activity motives. Participants completed a self-report measure of physical activity 3 weeks later. Path analysis supported the predictive utility of the proposed model. Importantly, the effect of continuation intentions of success on physical activity behavior was moderated by chronically accessible physical activity motives. Findings underscore the importance of taking into account continuation intentions, self-determined motivation, and individuals’ chronically accessible motives when developing physical-activitypromoting interventions. japp_721 445.470 Increasing rates of obesity in America and Europe are incurring severe health-related consequences and necessitate large-scale behavioral dietary and physical activity interventions to decrease the prevalence of obesity and associated chronic diseases. Mokdad et al. (2003) reported that being overweight and obesity are significantly associated with a variety of chronic diseases, illustrating the potential impact of escalating obesity rates on health and quality of life. Low participation in physical activity has emerged as a significant independent predictor of obesity within the European Union (Martinez, Kearney, Kafatos, Paquet, & Martinez-Gonazalez, 1999). Research has shown that physical activity is an essential component in reducing and preventing obesity (Ross, Freeman, & Janssen, 2000) and has concluded that interventions aimed at preventing the escalation of obesity prevalence should target physical inactivity as a priority. It is, therefore, important to examine psychological determinants of leisure-time physical
A minimalist barcode can identify a specimen whose DNA is degraded

A DNA barcode based on 650 bp of mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I is proving to be highly functional in species identification for various animal groups. However, DNA degradation complicates the recovery of a full-length barcode from many museum specimens. Here we explore the use of shorter barcode sequences for identification of such specimens. We recovered short sequences — i.e. ∼ 100 bp — with a single PCR pass from more than 90% of the specimens in assemblages of moth and wasp museum specimens from which full barcode recovery was only 50%, and the latter were usually less than 8 years old. Short barcodes were effective in identifying specimens, confirming their utility in circumstances where full barcodes are too expensive to obtain and the identification comparisons are within a confined taxonomic group.
Identification of biological markers for better characterization of older subjects with physical frailty and sarcopenia

Abstract Population aging is rapidly accelerating worldwide; however, longer life expectancy is not the only public health goal. Indeed, extended lifetime involves maintaining function and the capacity of living independently. Sarcopenia and physical frailty are both highly relevant entities with regards to functionality and autonomy of older adults. The concepts and definitions of frailty and sarcopenia have largely been revised over the years. Sarcopenia is an age-related progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. On the other hand, frailty is a state of increased vulnerability to stressors, responsible for exposing the older person to enhanced risk of adverse outcomes. Physical frailty and sarcopenia substantially overlap and several adverse outcomes of frailty are likely mediated by sarcopenia. Indeed, the concepts of sarcopenia and physical frailty can be perceived as related to the same target organ (i.e., skeletal muscle) and it may be possible to combine them into a unique definition. The biological background of such a close relationship needs to be explored and clarified as it can potentially provide novel and pivotal insights for the assessment and treatment of these conditions in old age. The aim of this paper is to indicate and discuss possible biological markers to be considered in the framing of physical frailty and sarcopenia.
The ARM Scalable Vector Extension

This article describes the ARM Scalable Vector Extension (SVE). Several goals guided the design of the architecture. First was the need to extend the vector processing capability associated with the ARM AArch64 execution state to better address the computational requirements in domains such as high-performance computing, data analytics, computer vision, and machine learning. Second was the desire to introduce an extension that can scale across multiple implementations, both now and into the future, allowing CPU designers to choose the vector length most suitable for their power, performance, and area targets. Finally, the architecture should avoid imposing a software development cost as the vector length changes and where possible reduce it by improving the reach of compiler auto-vectorization technologies. SVE achieves these goals. It allows implementations to choose a vector register length between 128 and 2,048 bits. It supports a vector-length agnostic programming model that lets code run and scale automatically across all vector lengths without recompilation. Finally, it introduces several innovative features that begin to overcome some of the traditional barriers to autovectorization.
Ethanol concentration changes in blood samples during medium-term refrigerated storage.

OBJECTIVE Stability of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in laboratory samples is of great importance when it is necessary to perform repeated analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have analyzed the stability of BAC in 50 samples, which were taken from apprehended drivers, kept at -18ºC, without preserving agents. Quantitative analyses were performed using headspace sampling gas chromatography (HS-GC) with flame ionizing detection (FID). Samples were analyzed immediately after collection (C1), and after 60 (C60), 120 (C120) and 180 (C180) days. A group of 50 samples, which were kept closed for 180 days at -18ºC, was utilized as a control. RESULTS We found a significant decrease in BAC between C1 and C180 (= 0.224; SD= 0.144; t = 10.98; p<0.001), and between C1 and C60, C60 and C120, C120 and C180. There was a significant positive correlation (r=0.8) between starting concentration C1, and the value of BAC changes (ΔC). Linear regression analysis (R2=0.64) implies the degree of validity to the proposed model of ΔC change regarding initial BAC. There were significant changes in ΔC between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS These data underline the significance of air chamber percent (CA%) and ethanol evaporation due to ventilation between liquid and gas phase as a mechanism of ethanol decay.
Making decisions about service delivery in early childhood programs.

PURPOSE This article presents a rationale for specialized services personnel to use fluid models of service delivery and explains how specialized services personnel make decisions about the blend of service delivery methods that will best serve a child. METHOD The literature on occupational therapy, physical therapy, and speech-language pathology service delivery in early childhood programs is reviewed, synthesized, and applied to current practice. The literature explains that direct and consultative services provide unique benefits to children and should be flexibly scheduled based on each child's current priorities. Flexible service delivery models allow therapists to meet the evolving needs of children within dynamic environments. CONCLUSION To establish fluid service delivery models, therapists need to (a) plan collaboratively with teachers so that the model selected meets the teacher's preferences, (b) design flexible scheduling systems that emphasize inclusive practice, and (c) maintain precise documentation about when and how services are provided.
How and When to Make Causal Claims Based on Race or Ethnicity ∗

Causal inference is considered the gold standard in social science research. Making causal claims about “immutable characteristics” such as race, however, has been strongly discouraged. In contrast to previous literature, which assumes a fixed conception of race, we propose a different framework that in some cases reconciles race and causation. First, we distinguish those units of analysis in which intrinsic problems of race and causality can be avoided. Second, we demonstrate that race can be defined as a composite measure that has some mutable elements. These extensions allow us to synthesize two areas where causal claims about race may be permissible: (1) studies that measure the effect of exposing an entity to a racial cue and (2) studies that disaggregate race into constituent pieces and measure the causal effect of some mutable element. We demonstrate these techniques via examples from contemporary scholarship. ∗Comments and suggestions welcome. We are grateful to Bear Braumoeller, John Bullock, Kevin Clarke, Adam Glynn, Jim Greiner, Jennifer Hochschild, Luke Keele, Gary King, Kevin Quinn, Teppei Yamamoto, Matt Blackwell, Jennifer Brea, Rich Nielsen, and Shauna Shames for thoughtful advice and suggestions. We also thank participants at the 2011 Midwest Political Science Association panel on causal inference for helpful feedback. †Corresponding author ‡Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Rochester, Harkness Hall 307, Rochester, NY 14627 (http://www.mayasen.org). §Department of Politics, Princeton University, 130 Corwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 (http://scholar. harvard.edu/owasow).
A Comparative Analysis of Vibrio cholerae Contamination in Point-of-Drinking and Source Water in a Low-Income Urban Community, Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a cholera endemic country with a population at high risk of cholera. Toxigenic and non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) can cause cholera and cholera-like diarrheal illness and outbreaks. Drinking water is one of the primary routes of cholera transmission in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the presence of V. cholerae between point-of-drinking water and source water, and to investigate the variability of virulence profile using molecular methods of a densely populated low-income settlement of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Water samples were collected and tested for V. cholerae from “point-of-drinking” and “source” in 477 study households in routine visits at 6 week intervals over a period of 14 months. We studied the virulence profiles of V. cholerae positive water samples using 22 different virulence gene markers present in toxigenic O1/O139 and non-O1/O139 V. cholerae using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 1,463 water samples were collected, with 1,082 samples from point-of-drinking water in 388 households and 381 samples from 66 water sources. V. cholerae was detected in 10% of point-of-drinking water samples and in 9% of source water samples. Twenty-three percent of households and 38% of the sources were positive for V. cholerae in at least one visit. Samples collected from point-of-drinking and linked sources in a 7 day interval showed significantly higher odds (P < 0.05) of V. cholerae presence in point-of-drinking compared to source [OR = 17.24 (95% CI = 7.14–42.89)] water. Based on the 7 day interval data, 53% (17/32) of source water samples were negative for V. cholerae while linked point-of-drinking water samples were positive. There were significantly higher odds (p < 0.05) of the presence of V. cholerae O1 [OR = 9.13 (95% CI = 2.85–29.26)] and V. cholerae O139 [OR = 4.73 (95% CI = 1.19–18.79)] in source water samples than in point-of-drinking water samples. Contamination of water at the point-of-drinking is less likely to depend on the contamination at the water source. Hygiene education interventions and programs should focus and emphasize on water at the point-of-drinking, including repeated cleaning of drinking vessels, which is of paramount importance in preventing cholera.
Major flowering time gene and polygene effects on chickpea seed weight

The effect of the major flowering gene (PPD) on seed weight of chickpea was studied on 450 F3 families from reciprocal crosses between a small-seeded, early-flowering (ppd/ppd ) type and a largeseeded, late flowering (PPD/PPD) cultivar. F4 progeny tests were carried out to determine the PPD genotypes of each individual F3. The effects of the PPD gene and the polygenes on mean seed weight were both significant. Genetic correlations between time to flowering and seed weight were positive and relatively high, suggesting that in certain genetic backgrounds it might be difficult to breed early-flowering cultivars without compromising seed weight.
User-intent visual information ranking system

Nowadays, the rapid growth of World Wide Web has been resulted in an exponential growth of the data and visual information with full of interesting bits of contents that can be found online. In such situations, finding out images that satisfy user intentions from a huge collection is more and more required, which emphasizes the importance of web image search and visual information ranking system as filters for users. For these reasons, we propose user-centric visual information rank and re-ranking system for web image search to explore the global trends in innovation by combining the sharing patterns of social network. Specifically, we establish an embedded Markov Chain Model along with local and global image features of visual information content for ranking image search engine. In order to evaluate the performance of proposed method, we will conduct a series of experiments based on social media platforms and a real-life social Yelp network dataset with respect to consumer perspectives.