Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A diversity creation method for ensemble based classification: Application in intrusion detection

Vulnerabilities in common security components such as firewalls are inevitable. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are used as another wall to protect computer systems and to identify corresponding vulnerabilities. This paper presents a new ensemble-based method for intrusion detection. This method uses feature transformation to create the needed diversity between base classifiers. In other words, first different sets of features are created by mapping the original features into new spaces where the samples are well separated, and then each base classifier is trained on one of these newly created features sets. The proposed method for constructing an ensemble of classifiers is a general method which may be used in any classification problem. KDD-99 dataset is used to evaluate the proposed method and the results are compared with some recent works in the literature using the same dataset. The results of comparing the performance of the proposed method with other alternative classification methods are encouraging.
Excellence and Education: Rhetoric and Reality.

‘Excellence’ has been a prevalent term in New Labour rhetoric on education, most notably in the stated goal of ‘excellence for all’ in education. Despite that, the meaning of the term has remained imprecise, and the implications of universal excellence unclear. In this paper, three distinct definitions of excellence are identified and the practicality considered of each as a universal goal for public sector education. The paper also suggests that the emphasis on excellence can be seen, both currently and historically, as a response to ‘crisis narratives’ in official discourse. In further accounting for the word's current ubiquity, its links to Total Quality Management theory are outlined, exposing its essential neo-liberal roots in the world of the market, and in ill-founded attempts to evaluate schools with the tools of the private sector. Taking account of recent work on New Labour rhetoric, and discourse analysis, the paper concludes that ambiguity of meaning and strong connotative power, mark ‘excelle.
A MATHEMATICAL TREATMENT OF THE BLOOD DISSOCIATION CURVE FOR OXYGEN.

A quantitative description of Bohr's effect can be made from the oxygen dissociation curves of hemoglobin at different pHs, and the dissociation constants of the 02-linked acidic group of Hb (KR) and Hb02 (Ko) have been calculated as, respectively, 1.29 1O-8 and 3.42 10-7 at37°. On the assumption that the oxygenation of hemoglobin takes place in four successive steps, the constant for each equilibrium can easily be calculated, and the values given. It appears that the oxygenation takes place with the same affinity for the first three steps, while the affinity for the fourth oxygenation is 125 times greater. On the basis of these results a simplification of Adair's formula is given, containing only two constants, one (K) being representative of the affinity of the oxygen for the first three hemes, and the other (in)being the increase of affinity for the fourth oxygenation. This formula seems to fit most data in the literature of hemoglobin solutions and of blood in vivo and in vitro. The physiological effects and the functional importance of the increased affinity for the fourth oxygenation are described, and the possibility that disturbances of the Hb oxygenation process may be due to the lack of this process is considered.
Peritoneal fast transport in incident peritoneal dialysis patients is not consistently associated with systemic inflammation.

BACKGROUND The determinants of peritoneal fast transport status at the beginning of peritoneal dialysis (PD) are still under debate. The relationship between fast transport status and inflammation or co-morbidity, and its impact on patient survival are not fully elucidated. Our objective was to investigate if fast transport status in incident patients is associated with markers of inflammation and atherosclerosis, and its relationship to patient survival. METHODS Seventy-three incident patients on PD performed a 3.86% peritoneal equilibrium test (PET) at 4.7+/-2.7 months after starting PD. Doppler carotid wall intima-media thickness (IMT) and the presence of carotid plaque were used as markers of atherosclerosis. C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated as markers of systemic inflammation. Baseline plasma levels of albumin, homocysteine, lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and other lipid parameters were measured. Body mass index and residual renal function (RRF) were calculated. Patients were classified with the Davies co-morbidity score. RESULTS The dialysate-plasma creatinine ratio (D/P creatinine) was 0.75 +/- 0.10; 26% were fast transporters (D/P > or = 0.85). In comparison with other transport categories, these had similar age, body mass index and RRF, and did not present a higher co-morbidity score than non-fast transporters. IMT did not significantly differ between groups. By multiple regression analysis, baseline peritoneal small solute transport was not related to systemic inflammation biomarkers. Fast transporters did not present higher levels of CRP or serum IL-6. Plasma levels of lipids, Lp(a), calcium x phosphorus product and albumin also did not differ between groups. Similar results were obtained when patients were grouped according to mass transfer area coefficient for creatinine. Patients with more than two co-morbidities had lower levels of plasma albumin (3.6 +/- 0.58 vs 3.9 +/- 0.9 g/dl, P = 0.054), significantly higher median levels of serum IL-6 (19.3 vs 9.2 pg/ml, P = 0.003) and wider IMT (0.90 +/- 0.36 vs 0.65 +/- 0.28 mm, P = 0.017). Multivariate analysis confirmed that baseline peritoneal transport was not a significant determinant of patient survival (P = 0.848), while the co-morbidity score remained significant (hazard ratio = 3.48, 95% confidence interval = 1.29-9.38, P = 0.014). CONCLUSION Initial fast transport was not associated with systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis. In a population with preserved RRF and absence of baseline serious co-morbidity, it was not predictive of worse prognosis. Other determinants of early peritoneal fast transport deserve investigation.
Perception of mutual violence in incarcerated women’s intimate partner relationships in Mexico City

The purpose of this article is to determine the degree of physical violence received and inflicted over the past two years by a sample of women in prison in their relationships with their partners (N=/213). Over half of the women report having suffered some form of violence at the hands of their partners at some time in their lives. As for physical violence experienced over the past two years, one out of every four women has experienced violence at the hands of her partner. The women in this study rated the act of physical violence they had experienced in the past two years as severe, a term they also used to describe the degree of disturbance, anger and fear they felt after the violent incident. As for the violence the women inflicted on their partners, one out of every four women has inflicted violence on her partner (26.8%) although they rate the most aggressive event during these past two years as slight. After the event, over half the women felt severely disturbed as well as slightly angry and scared.
Integrating an Interdisciplinary Unit in Middle School: A School-University Partnership

chool-university collaborations are known to have a problematic history (Cooper 1988; Hinchey, Mamana, and Steele 1997; Sarason 1982; Trubowitz and Longo 1997). Nevertheless, national education reform movements of the 1980s and the push for global perspectives and higher quality content in school curricula have resulted in renewed interest in establishing such collaborations (Goodlad 1988; Sizer 1996, 1992; Ward and Pascarelli 1987). They allow university educators to benefit from the accumulated experience of public school teachers and to use school classrooms as laboratories for experimentation and innovation. Classroom teachers and students benefit from the research knowledge offered by university faculty (Tucker 1991; Tye and Tye 1992).
The Professionalization of Everyone?

A popular generalization is that occupations are becoming "professionalized". The label is loosely applied to increasing specialization and transferability of skill, the proliferation of objective standards of work, the spread of tenure arrangements, licensing, or certification, and the growth of service occupations. This paper argues that these loose criteria are less essential for understanding professional organization than the traditional model of professionalism which emphasizes autonomous expertise and the service ideal. Examination of the history of eighteen occupations uncovers a typical process by which the established professions have arrived. Among newer and marginal "professions," deviations from the process can be explained by power struggles and status strivings common to all occupations. Barriers to professionalization are pinpointed. Analisis of the optimal "technical" base for professionalism suggests that knowledge or doctrine which is too general and vague or too narrow and specific provides a weak base for an exclusive jurisdiction. Data on the clash between professional, organizational, and client orientations among 490 professors, lawyers, and engineers suggest that (1) bureaucracy may enfeeble the service ideal more than it threatens autonomy; (2) a client orientation undermines colleague control and professional norms. The main theme: (1) very few occupations will achieve the authority of the established professions; (2) if we call everything professionalization, we obscure the newer structural forms now emerging.
[The effects of the antagonists of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in rat brain on urinary bladder contraction].

BACKGROUND Pontine micuturition center and storage center are controlled by upper brain. Pharmacological and molecular biological data indicate the distribution of muscarinic receptor subtypes in rat brain, however, the effect of central muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms on the bladder activity has not been evaluated. We investigated the diversity of effect of each subtype in rat brain. METHODS The muscarinic agents such as muscarine (non-specific agonist), atropine (non-specific antagonist), pirenzepine (M1 receptor antagonist), AF-DX116 (M2 receptor antagonist) and 4-DAMP (M3 receptor antagonist) were administrated with intracerebroventricular injection (I.C.V. group) or intravenous injection (i.v. group). The drug effects on rhythmic bladder contraction were investigated. RESULTS In I.C. V. group, the bladder contraction pressure were reduced by atropine, pirenzepine and 4-DAMP. The contraction time were shortened by pirenzepine and 4-DAMP but extended by AF-DX116. The contraction frequency was decreased by AF-DX116. Whereas AF-DX116 in i.v. group reduced the contraction pressure but did not cause any changes of the contraction time and the frequency. Other agents in i.v. group had same tendency with those of I.C. V. group except for intensity. CONCLUSION That is to say AF-DX116 in I.C. V. group facilitate both micuturition center and storage center. In other words, these data indicate M2 receptor in rat brain inhibits both micurition and storage center. In addition, the effect of AF-DX116 in brain suggests that the development of new drug which proceed to central neuron system might provide a new treatment of neurogenic bladder.
The Interferon Response Inhibits HIV Particle Production by Induction of TRIM22

Treatment of human cells with Type 1 interferons restricts HIV replication. Here we report that the tripartite motif protein TRIM22 is a key mediator. We used transcriptional profiling to identify cellular genes that were induced by interferon treatment and identified TRIM22 as one of the most strongly up-regulated genes. We confirmed, as in previous studies, that TRIM22 over-expression inhibited HIV replication. To assess the role of TRIM22 expressed under natural inducing conditions, we compared the effects of interferon in cells depleted for TRIM22 using RNAi and found that HIV particle release was significantly increased in the knockdown, implying that TRIM22 acts as a natural antiviral effector. Further studies showed that TRIM22 inhibited budding of virus-like particles containing Gag only, indicating that Gag was the target of TRIM22. TRIM22 did not block the release of MLV or EIAV Gag particles. Inhibition was associated with diffuse cytoplasmic staining of HIV Gag rather than accumulation at the plasma membrane, suggesting TRIM22 disrupts proper trafficking. Mutational analyses of TRIM22 showed that the catalytic amino acids Cys15 and Cys18 of the RING domain are required for TRIM22 antiviral activity. These data disclose a pathway by which Type 1 interferons obstruct HIV replication.
Membrane alterations induced by nonstructural proteins of human norovirus

Human noroviruses (huNoV) are the most frequent cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis worldwide, particularly genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) variants. The viral nonstructural (NS) proteins encoded by the ORF1 polyprotein induce vesical clusters harboring the viral replication sites. Little is known so far about the ultrastructure of these replication organelles or the contribution of individual NS proteins to their biogenesis. We compared the ultrastructural changes induced by expression of norovirus ORF1 polyproteins with those induced upon infection with murine norovirus (MNV). Characteristic membrane alterations induced by ORF1 expression resembled those found in MNV infected cells, consisting of vesicle accumulations likely built from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) which included single membrane vesicles (SMVs), double membrane vesicles (DMVs) and multi membrane vesicles (MMVs). In-depth analysis using electron tomography suggested that MMVs originate through the enwrapping of SMVs with tubular structures similar to mechanisms reported for picornaviruses. Expression of GII.4 NS1-2, NS3 and NS4 fused to GFP revealed distinct membrane alterations when analyzed by correlative light and electron microscopy. Expression of NS1-2 induced proliferation of smooth ER membranes forming long tubular structures that were affected by mutations in the active center of the putative NS1-2 hydrolase domain. NS3 was associated with ER membranes around lipid droplets (LDs) and induced the formation of convoluted membranes, which were even more pronounced in case of NS4. Interestingly, NS4 was the only GII.4 protein capable of inducing SMV and DMV formation when expressed individually. Our work provides the first ultrastructural analysis of norovirus GII.4 induced vesicle clusters and suggests that their morphology and biogenesis is most similar to picornaviruses. We further identified NS4 as a key factor in the formation of membrane alterations of huNoV and provide models of the putative membrane topologies of NS1-2, NS3 and NS4 to guide future studies.
Carbon Monoxide Protects Against Cardiac Ischemia—Reperfusion Injury In Vivo via MAPK and Akt—eNOS Pathways

Background—Carbon monoxide (CO) is postulated to protect tissues against several types of injuries. We investigated the role of CO in amelioration of cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injury in vivo and the mechanisms involved in it. Methods and Results—Rats inhaled CO (250 ppm, 500 ppm, or 1000 ppm) for 24 hours in a chamber after myocardial ischemia–reperfusion induced by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 minutes. Pre-exposure to 1000 ppm of CO significantly reduced the ratio of infarct areas to risk areas and suppressed the migration of macrophages and monocytes into infarct areas, and the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-&agr; in the heart; however, 250 ppm, 500 ppm of CO, or low barometric pressure hypoxia (0.5 atm) did not affect them. Exposure to 1000 ppm CO resulted in the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), protein kinase B&agr;(Akt), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in the myocardium. Inhibition of p38MAPK, PI3kinase, NO, and soluble guanylate cyclase with SB203580, wortmannin, N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), and methylene blue, respectively, attenuated the cytoprotection by CO. Conclusion—CO has beneficial effects on cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injury; this effect is mediated by p38MAPK pathway and Akt–eNOS pathway, including production of cGMP.
The Leader-Subordinate Fit and Its Relationship to Performance and Burnout

The purpose of this article is to determine ifleader-subordinate congruence influences leaders’ and subordinates’experience of burnout and the subordinate’s satisfaction with the leader’s work performance. Surprisingly, the results supported neither attraction selection attrition nor person–person fit theory.However, according to the results, the greater the differencebetween the leader’sand subordinate’s personalities, the more satisfied the subordinate waswith the leader’s performance. The results indicate that this matter should be considered in the course of recruitment to ensure organizations do not become too homogenous. The results also appear to offer some weak support to the suggestion that the grounds for effective performance and job satisfaction could differ because the leader–subordinate fit didnot correlate significantly to either the leader’s or the subordinate’s experience of burnout.
Dynamic programming applied to UAV way point path planning in wind

Path planning for small unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) becomes a difficult problem when accounting for wind. Wind can affect the path quality in a nonlinear manner requiring extended segment lengths for accurate measurements. Dynamic programming offers an efficient solution to create way point paths justified when settling lengths are linearly interpolated. A database of good turn progressions supports this method and can be composed off-line. The heuristic inherent in dynamic programming provides near optimal paths in very fast computational time because it restricts the search to a small number of candidates. A solution can be guaranteed by including turns over 180deg.
A new ECC scalar multiplication algorithm with randomized power consumption

Scalar multiplication algorithm is the core of the elliptic curve cryptosystem, and it plays a crucial role of the efficiency and security in the process operation of the encryption and decryption. Based on comprehensive analysis of NAF scalar multiplication algorithm and power analysis, this paper proposes a new NAF scalar multiplication algorithm, ensuring the same Hamming-weight with the NAF code and introducing the M-sequence into the random replacement process to achieve power randomization. It not only enhances the ability to work against SPA and DPA attacks, but also improves the storage efficiency, speed and security.
Evaluating the progress of e-government development: A critical analysis

The development of e-government in most countries is still primarily aimed at developing electronic services that customers can access via the internet. This has been matched by the methods for monitoring e-government development, which fall far short of providing a true overall assessment. Such a narrow focus on e-government has led to a significant slowdown of development in most countries. Countries have used "quick fix, quick win" solutions, while continued development require above all the development of an integrated government portal and reengineering of back-office processes. The more developed countries are therefore increasingly tailoring their e-government strategies in the direction of customer-orientation and instead of persisting with rigid organisational structures are working on integrating services and processes across individual administrative bodies and institutions and even include private businesses. The development of e-government therefore demands a holistic strategic approach that encompasses the entire public administration and is not limited to individual bodies and institutions, or individual sectors and levels of administration. The methods of monitoring, evaluating and benchmarking e-government development will have to follow the same principles. Based on critical analyses of existing approaches, this paper attempts to define the areas and aspects that must be included within the integrated approach in order to facilitate the progress of e-government towards its strategic objectives, that is the development of services based on user's needs and problems, i.e. integrated services or life-events.
Changes in Plasma Thyroxine , Estradiol-I 7 g , and 17 a , 20 P-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one during Smoltification of Coho Salmon

Circulating levels of plasma estradiol, 17a,20B-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17a,208 PROG), and thyroxine were measured during smoltification of coho salmon in two successive years (1984 and 1985). Two elevations of thyroxine occurred in both years, the first occurred in April followed by a second increase in May. Estradiol levels were dynamic with variable changes particularly in postsmolts when estradiol levels were either depressed in 1984 or high in 1985. However, elevations of estradiol preceded the second elevation of thyroxine in May in both years when the salmon were undergoing the later stages of smoltitication. There were no consistent changes of plasma 17u,20B PROG during this period. Although, in 1984, there were significant elevations and depressions of 17a,20B PROG, and in 1985, there was a major unexplained depression of 17a,20B PROG on April 24. There were no sexual differences noted for plasma steroid levels in the juvenile fish. These data suggest that there are seasonal changes of estradiol coinciding with other developmental changes during smoltification.