Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphological and Wettability Evaluation of Electrospun Polivinyl Alcohol (PVA) Nanofiber Membrane for Wound Dressing Application

Many researches have focused on producing electrospun nanofiber membranes (ENMs) aiming to speed up physiological events of wound healing. However, it is still a challenge to fabricate functional ENMs using electrospinning technique, taken into account various factors that may affect the fibers diameter such as polymer solution properties, electrospinning parameters and ambient conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the combined electrospinning process parameters and characterize the morphology and wettability of the electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofiber membranes produced. Process parameters that were optimized include applied voltage, flow rate, and distance to collector. The fabrication of PVA nanofiber membranes was done at 21 kV, 2 mL/h and 10 cm after optimization. Surface morphology and fiber diameter were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The water contact angle was used to analyze wettability. Electrospun PVA nanofiber membranes showed continuous random fiber, no bead defect, hydrophilic surface and average fiber diameters between 265 ± 86 nm and 281 ± 90 nm. Smaller fiber diameter between 200-700 nm can enhance cell migration. It is suggested from this study that the optimized parameters have successfully produced electrospun PVA nanofiber membranes with suitable fiber diameter for cell migration and can direct cell response, thus can be applied as a wound dressing material.
Constraint interface inversion with variable density model

Adding known information to geophysical inversion is an important method to reduce ambiguity,and improve the accuracy of inversion result.Follow this idea,this paper use seismic sounding results as constraints in interface depths inversion with variable density model,the accuracy of inversion result improved.This method has the following features: 1) based on the index variable density model,which is more close to actual density distribution than a constant density model;2) use known depth points as constraints,the inversion accuracy improved;3) introduced the depth weighted function,effective correction interface distortion,so this method is applicable to large fluctuations of the interface;4) combined with frequency domain modeling and spatial domain iterative,improve the computation speed while ensuring inversion convergence.The model test demonstrates the validity of the proposed method,and the method is applied in the Moho depths inversion of eastern section of the China-Mongolia border region,and obtained good results.
Parallel reformulation of the sequential adjoint-state method

This abstract is about reducing the total computation time to solve full-waveform inversion problems. A common problem formulation is a nonlinear least-squares problem where the gradient is computed using the adjoint-state algorithm. This formulation offers parallelism for the computation of gradients for different sources and frequencies. The adjoint-state algorithm itself is sequential however and this is a limiting factor when a lot of compute nodes are available and only a few wavefields need to be computed. This situation occurs when stochastic optimization strategies are used to minimize the objective function. We present a parallel reformulation of the sequential adjoint-state algorithm, which allows the forwardand adjoint wavefields to be computed in parallel. Both algorithms are mathematically equivalent but the parallel version is twice as fast in run time. An important characteristic of the proposed algorithm is that one wavefield needs to be computed per source and one per receiver. These fields can be used to apply the (inverse) Gauss-Newton Hessian to a vector without recomputing wavefields. A 2D example shows that good fullwaveform inversion results are obtained, even when a small number of sources and receivers is used.
DBPF-net: dual-branch structural feature extraction reinforcement network for ocular surface disease image classification

Pterygium and subconjunctival hemorrhage are two common types of ocular surface diseases that can cause distress and anxiety in patients. In this study, 2855 ocular surface images were collected in four categories: normal ocular surface, subconjunctival hemorrhage, pterygium to be observed, and pterygium requiring surgery. We propose a diagnostic classification model for ocular surface diseases, dual-branch network reinforced by PFM block (DBPF-Net), which adopts the conformer model with two-branch architectural properties as the backbone of a four-way classification model for ocular surface diseases. In addition, we propose a block composed of a patch merging layer and a FReLU layer (PFM block) for extracting spatial structure features to further strengthen the feature extraction capability of the model. In practice, only the ocular surface images need to be input into the model to discriminate automatically between the disease categories. We also trained the VGG16, ResNet50, EfficientNetB7, and Conformer models, and evaluated and analyzed the results of all models on the test set. The main evaluation indicators were sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), kappa coefficient, and accuracy. The accuracy and kappa coefficient of the proposed diagnostic model in several experiments were averaged at 0.9789 and 0.9681, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, and AUC were, respectively, 0.9723, 0.9836, 0.9688, and 0.9869 for diagnosing pterygium to be observed, and, respectively, 0.9210, 0.9905, 0.9292, and 0.9776 for diagnosing pterygium requiring surgery. The proposed method has high clinical reference value for recognizing these four types of ocular surface images.
Author ' s personal copy Short communication Inhibition of multidrug resistance transporters in the diatom Thalassiosira rotula facilitates dye staining

Cells are protected by multidrug resistance transporters, which remove potentially harmful chemicals entering the cells from the environment or originating endogenously from the cellular metabolism. Multidrug resistance transporters have not been investigated so far in marine eukaryotic algae like diatoms. We investigated the uptake of a calcium-sensitive dye, Fura 2 acetoxymethylester (AM), by the marine diatom Thalassiosira rotula in the presence and absence of substances known to inhibit multidrug resistance transporters (ATP-binding cassette transporters, ABC). Three inhibitors known to block transporters in living organisms were tested in the marine diatom T. rotula. We applied verapamil, which blocks multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein (MDR1), probenecid as an inhibitor of organic anion transport and the specific inhibitor of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), MK571, obtaining positive results with the highly specific MK571. This leads to the assumption that the cells of T. rotula possess MRP transporters. Marine diatom cells can now be loaded by incubation with a calcium-sensitive dye, which facilitates measurements of cellular calcium signals without using methods risking injury of the cell membrane. This opens an avenue for investigation on diatom calcium signalling and perhaps how they process environmental signals. 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Are Cervical Pessaries Effective in Preventing Preterm Birth?

Preterm births are a significant concern, as they can have serious consequences for both infants and mothers. It is crucial to identify risk factors associated with preterm birth and to implement effective interventions, such as progesterone, cervical pessary, and cervical cerclage, to prevent it. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of cervical pessary in reducing spontaneous preterm delivery. However, cervical pessaries have limited research and conflicting findings when compared to other interventions for preventing preterm labor. Therefore, this review seeks to analyze various studies to evaluate their overall effectiveness and better understand their role in treating this vulnerable population. The literature search was conducted using PubMed between January and September 2023, and the systematic review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The results of this review highlight the importance of continued research into mitigation strategies for preterm birth. There is some evidence that indicates that using cervical pessaries before 34 weeks can be effective. While some studies have reported positive outcomes when cervical pessaries are combined with other treatments like progesterone, there is no solid statistical evidence to support this claim. Furthermore, additional research is needed to comprehend the impact of singleton pregnancies and long-term outcomes for both mothers and infants.
A Novel Inflammatory-Nutritional Prognostic Scoring System for Patients with Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

Purpose This study aimed to examine the predictive ability of inflammatory and nutritional markers and further establish a novel inflammatory nutritional prognostic scoring (INPS) system. Patients and Methods We collected clinicopathological and baseline laboratory data of 352 patients with DLBCL between April 2010 and January 2023 at the First affiliated hospital of Ningbo University. Eligible patients were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts (n = 281 and 71, respectively) in an 8:2 ratio. We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model to determine the most important factors among the eight inflammatory-nutritional variables. The impact of INPS on OS was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier curve and the Log rank test. A prognostic nomogram was developed based on the multivariate Cox regression method. Then, we used the concordance index (C-index), calibration plot, and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to evaluate the prognostic performance and predictive accuracy of the nomogram. Results Seven inflammatory-nutritional biomarkers, including neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), body mass index (BMI), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), prealbumin, C reactive protein, and D-dimer were selected using the LASSO Cox analysis to construct INPS, In the multivariate analysis, IPI-High-intermediate group, IPI-High group, high INPS were independently associated with OS, respectively. The prognostic nomogram for overall survival consisting of the above two indicators showed excellent discrimination. The C-index for the nomogram was 0.94 and 0.95 in the training and validation cohorts. The time-dependent ROC curves showed that the predictive accuracy of the nomogram for OS was better than that of the NCCN-IPI system. Conclusion The INPS based on seven inflammatory-nutritional indexes was a reliable and convenient predictor of outcomes in DLBCL patients.
Attention is all you need: utilizing attention in AI-enabled drug discovery

Abstract Recently, attention mechanism and derived models have gained significant traction in drug development due to their outstanding performance and interpretability in handling complex data structures. This review offers an in-depth exploration of the principles underlying attention-based models and their advantages in drug discovery. We further elaborate on their applications in various aspects of drug development, from molecular screening and target binding to property prediction and molecule generation. Finally, we discuss the current challenges faced in the application of attention mechanisms and Artificial Intelligence technologies, including data quality, model interpretability and computational resource constraints, along with future directions for research. Given the accelerating pace of technological advancement, we believe that attention-based models will have an increasingly prominent role in future drug discovery. We anticipate that these models will usher in revolutionary breakthroughs in the pharmaceutical domain, significantly accelerating the pace of drug development.
Subgenome phasing for complex allopolyploidy: case-based benchmarking and recommendations

Abstract Accurate subgenome phasing is crucial for understanding the origin, evolution and adaptive potential of polyploid genomes. SubPhaser and WGDI software are two common methodologies for subgenome phasing in allopolyploids, particularly in scenarios lacking known diploid progenitors. Triggered by a recent debate over the subgenomic origins of the cultivated octoploid strawberry, we examined four well-documented complex allopolyploidy cases as benchmarks, to evaluate and compare the accuracy of the two software. Our analysis demonstrates that the subgenomic structure phased by both software is in line with prior research, effectively tracing complex allopolyploid evolutionary trajectories despite the limitations of each software. Furthermore, using these validated methodologies, we revisited the controversial issue regarding the progenitors of the octoploid strawberry. The results of both methodologies reaffirm Fragaria vesca and Fragaria iinumae as progenitors of the octoploid strawberry. Finally, we propose recommendations for enhancing the accuracy of subgenome phasing in future studies, recognizing the potential of integrated tools for advanced complex allopolyploidy research and offering a new roadmap for robust subgenome-based phylogenetic analysis.
Characteristics of 3-D Wind Structure of Typhoon Outer Intensive Banded Echo Using Dual-Doppler Weather Radar Data

Based on the dual-Doppler radar data of the mobile weather radar (CINRAD/CCJ) and Changle weather radar (CINRAD/SA), the characteristics of three-dimensional wind structure in the puissant and weakening phases of the strong banded echo of super typhoon Sepat (0709) on 18 August 2007 are examined by means of dual-Doppler radar retrieval in the Earth coordinate. The results reveal that: 1) During the puissant phase, there were strong east by north wind centers (strong wind core ) along the right or the back of the right side of strong echoes in their course, even weak wind center existed in the front of the strongest echo. The structure maintained from the lower layer to the mid-layer, thus the strong echoes corresponded to the horizontal convergence and positive vorticity, resulting in significantly upward movement which helped the development and maintenance of convection. And the clouds migrated quickly. Relative to the moving clouds, the anterior and posterior air in the mid-lower layer flowed to the strong echoes, and then converged and ascended with maximum vertical velocity between strong echo center and the wind core on its northern side. In the meanwhile, divergence appeared in the higher layer over the strong echo area, and the air mainly flowed out backward. 2) During the weakening period, the weak wind center was located at the strong echo center or its north side with negative vorticity. The clouds moved slowly and the easterlies went through the clouds. The convergence over the echo area weakened and the obvious updraft appeared in the mid-layer strong echo near the typhoon center. Thus the banded echo has been difficult to maintain. 3) Strong wind core could transport the momentum and water vapor of weakening spiral cloud bands on the posterior side to the developing area of the banded echo; therefore the strong wind core structure was likely to be the main cause for the rapid development of banded echo.
Canagliflozin attenuates kidney injury, gut-derived toxins, and gut microbiota imbalance in high-salt diet-fed Dahl salt-sensitive rats

Abstract Purpose To investigate the effects of canagliflozin (20 mg/kg) on Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rat gut microbiota and salt-sensitive hypertension-induced kidney injury and further explore its possible mechanism. Methods Rats were fed a high-salt diet to induce hypertension and kidney injury, and physical and physiological indicators were measured afterwards. This study employed 16S rRNA sequencing technology and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)-based metabolic profiling combined with advanced differential and association analyses to investigate the correlation between the microbiome and the metabolome in male DSS rats. Results A high-salt diet disrupted the balance of the intestinal flora and increased toxic metabolites (methyhistidines, creatinine, homocitrulline, and indoxyl sulfate), resulting in severe kidney damage. Canagliflozin contributed to reconstructing the intestinal flora of DSS rats by significantly increasing the abundance of Corynebacterium spp. , Bifidobacterium spp. , Facklamia spp. , Lactobacillus spp. , Ruminococcus spp. , Blautia spp. , Coprococcus spp. , and Allobaculum spp. Moreover, the reconstruction of the intestinal microbiota led to significant changes in host amino acid metabolite concentrations. The concentration of uremic toxins, such as methyhistidines, creatinine, and homocitrulline, in the serum of rats was decreased by canagliflozin, which resulted in oxidative stress and renal injury alleviation. Conclusion Canagliflozin may change the production of metabolites and reduce the level of uremic toxins in the blood circulation by reconstructing the intestinal flora of DSS rats fed a high-salt diet, ultimately alleviating oxidative stress and renal injury.
The Relationship Between Perceived Uncontrollable Mortality Risk and Health Effort: Replication, Secondary Analysis, and Mini Meta-analysis

Abstract Background The Uncontrollable Mortality Risk Hypothesis (UMRH) states that those who are more likely to die due to factors beyond their control should be less motivated to invest in preventative health behaviors. Greater levels of perceived uncontrollable mortality risk (PUMR) have been associated with lower health effort in previous research, but the topic remains understudied. Purpose To examine the evidence for the UMRH by replicating a previous study investigating the effects of PUMR on social gradients in health effort, and conducting a mini meta-analysis of the overall relationship between PUMR and health effort. Methods We replicated Pepper and Nettle (2014), who reported a negative relationship between PUMR and health effort, and that the positive effect of subjective socioeconomic position on health effort was explained away by PUMR. We also compared the predictive effect of PUMR on health effort with that of dimensions from the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale—a well-used measure of a similar construct, which is frequently found to be associated with health behavior. Finally, we conducted a mini meta-analysis of the relationship between PUMR and health effort from the available research. Results PUMR was negatively associated with health effort, and mediated 24% of the total effect of subjective socioeconomic position on health effort, though this mediation effect was weaker than in Pepper and Nettle (2014). PUMR was shown to be a substantially stronger predictor of health effort than the relevant dimensions of the MHLC scale. Finally, our mini meta-analysis indicated a medium-sized negative relationship between PUMR and health effort. Conclusions Our findings offer support for the role of PUMR in mediating the relationship between subjective socioeconomic position and health effort. The results highlight the importance of measuring and understanding PUMR in studying socioeconomic inequalities in health behaviors. We discuss potential areas for future research, including determining the accuracy of PUMR, investigating influential cues, examining the role of media in shaping risk perceptions, and understanding individuals’ awareness of their own perceptions of mortality risk.
INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS IN BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA ASSEMBLAGES UNDER MARICULTURE SITES IN ALEKSEEV BAY (POPOV ISLAND, THE SEA OF JAPAN)

Modern benthic foraminiferal assemblages in Alekseev Bay (Popov island), the Sea of Japan were studied during mariculture farming of Japanese scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) and after its liquidation. Results of foraminiferal analysis pursued in period from 1985 to 2007 years show gradual changes in assemblage composition – increase of species richness from 86 to 107, number of agglutinated species from 2-3 up to 5-13 species and their distribution area under the mariculture. The most dominant families are Elphidiidae (Cribroelphidium frigidum, Protelphidium asterotuberculatum, Elphidium advenum depressulum), Discorbidae (Buccella frigida) . The most abundant agglutinated families are Trochamminidae и Ataxophragmiidae (Trochammina inflata, Eggerella advena).
Effects of elastic focusing on global models of Rayleigh wave attenuation

S U M M A R Y Rayleigh wave amplitudes are the primary data set used for imaging shear attenuation in the upper mantle on a global scale. In addition to attenuation, surface-wave amplitudes are influenced by excitation at the earthquake source, focusing and scattering by elastic heterogeneity, and local structure at the receiver and the instrument response. The challenge of isolating the signal of attenuation from these other effects limits both the resolution of global attenuation models and the level of consistency between different global attenuation studies. While the source and receiver terms can be estimated using relatively simple approaches, focusing effects on amplitude are a large component of the amplitude signal and are sensitive to multiscale velocity anomalies. In this study we investigate how different theoretical treatments for focusing effects on Rayleigh wave amplitude influence the retrieved attenuation models. A new data set of fundamental-mode Rayleigh wave phase and amplitude at periods of 50 and 100 sis analysed. The amplitudes due to focusing effects are predicted using the great-circle ray approximation (GCRA), exact ray theory (ERT), and finite-frequency theory (FFT). Phase-velocity maps expanded to spherical-harmonic degree 20 and degree 40 are used for the predictions. After correction for focusing effects, the amplitude data are inverted for global attenuation maps and frequency-dependent source and receiver correction factors. The degree-12 attenuation maps, based on different corrections for focusing effects, all contain the same large-scale features, though the magnitude of the attenuation variations depends on the focusing correction. The variance reduction of the amplitudes strongly depends on the predicted focusing amplitudes, with the highest variance reduction for the ray-based approaches at 50 s and for FFT at 100 s. Although failure to account for focusing effects introduces artefacts into the attenuation models at higher spherical-harmonic degrees, the low-degree structure can be robustly retrieved. The new attenuation maps compare favourably with previous attenuation studies derived using independent amplitude data sets.
Chimeric antigens displaying GPR65 extracellular loops on a soluble scaffold enabled the discovery of antibodies, which recognized native receptor

ABSTRACT GPR65 is a proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptor associated with multiple immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, whose function is relatively poorly understood. With few reagents commercially available to probe the biology of receptor, generation of an anti-GPR65 monoclonal antibody was desired. Using soluble chimeric scaffolds, such as ApoE3, displaying the extracellular loops of GPR65, together with established phage display technology, native GPR65 loop-specific antibodies were identified. Phage-derived loop-binding antibodies recognized the wild-type native receptor to which they had not previously been exposed, generating confidence in the use of chimeric soluble proteins to act as efficient surrogates for membrane protein extracellular loop antigens. This technique provides promise for the rational design of chimeric antigens in facilitating the discovery of specific antibodies to GPCRs.