Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder with Bipolar Mood Disorder: A Rare Comorbidity in India

Obsessive compulsive features occurring in mania have been well documented. Though there have been some studies on obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) comorbid with mania in the western countries, there are very few case reports and studies in India. Our aim is to report one such case here, who presented with OC features which are not typical of the symptom cluster of the OCD commonly seen with mania in earlier reports. Also, the comorbidities in OCD should be recognized as this can have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
Comparative Effects of R- and S-equol and Implication of Transactivation Functions (AF-1 and AF-2) in Estrogen Receptor-Induced Transcriptional Activity

Equol, one of the main metabolites of daidzein, is a chiral compound with pleiotropic effects on cellular signaling. This property may induce activation/inhibition of the estrogen receptors (ER) a or b, and therefore, explain the beneficial/deleterious effects of equol on estrogen-dependent diseases. With its asymmetric centre at position C-3, equol can exist in two enantiomeric forms (R- and S-equol). To elucidate the yet unclear mechanisms of ER activation/inhibition by equol, we performed a comprehensive analysis of ERa and ERb transactivation by racemic equol, as well as by enantiomerically pure forms. Racemic equol was prepared by catalytic hydrogenation from daidzein and separated into enantiomers by chiral HPLC. The configuration assignment was performed by optical rotatory power measurements. The ER-induced transactivation by R- and S-equol (0.1–10 µM) and 17b-estradiol (E2, 10 nM) was studied using transient transfections of ERα and ERβ in CHO, HepG2 and HeLa cell lines. R- and S-equol induce ER transactivation in an opposite fashion according to the cellular context. R-equol and S-equol are more potent in inducing ERα in an AF-2 and AF-1 permissive cell line, respectively. Involvement of ERα transactivation functions (AF-1 and AF-2) in these effects has been examined. Both AF-1 and AF-2 are involved in racemic equol, R-equol and S-equol induced ERα transcriptional activity. These results could be of interest to find a specific ligand modulating ER transactivation and could contribute to explaining the diversity of equol actions in vivo.
Protective Ventilation Influences Systemic Inflammation after Esophagectomy: A Randomized Controlled Study

Background:Esophagectomy induces a systemic inflammatory response whose extent has been recognized as a predictive factor of postoperative respiratory morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a protective ventilatory strategy to reduce systemic inflammation in patients undergoing esophagectomy. Methods:The authors prospectively investigated 52 patients undergoing planned esophagectomy for cancer. Patients were randomly assigned to a conventional ventilation strategy (n = 26; tidal volume of 9 ml/kg during two-lung and one-lung ventilation; no positive end-expiratory pressure) or a protective ventilation strategy (n = 26; tidal volume of 9 ml/kg during two-lung ventilation, reduced to 5 ml/kg during one-lung ventilation; positive end-expiratory pressure 5 cm H2O throughout the operative time). Results:Plasmatic levels of interleukin (IL)-1&bgr;, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor &agr; were measured perioperatively and postoperatively. Pulmonary function and postoperative evolution were also evaluated. Patients who received protective strategy had lower blood levels of IL-1&bgr;, IL-6, and IL-8 at the end of one-lung ventilation (0.24 [0.15–0.40] vs. 0.56 [0.38–0.89] pg/ml, P < 0.001; 91 [61–117] vs. 189 [127–294] pg/ml, P < 0.001; and 30 [22–45] vs. 49 [29–69] pg/ml, P < 0.05, respectively) and 18 h postoperatively (0.18 [0.13–0.30] vs. 0.43 [0.34–0.54] pg/ml, P < 0.001; 54 [36–89] vs. 116 [78–208] pg/ml, P < 0.001; 16 [11–24] vs. 35 [28–53] pg/ml, P < 0.001, respectively). Protective strategy resulted in higher oxygen partial pressure to inspired oxygen fraction ratio during one-lung ventilation and 1 h postoperatively and in a reduction of postoperative mechanical ventilation duration (115 ± 38 vs. 171 ± 57 min, P < 0.001). Conclusion:A protective ventilatory strategy decreases the proinflammatory systemic response after esophagectomy, improves lung function, and results in earlier extubation.
An Adaptive‐Management Framework for Optimal Control of Hiking Near Golden Eagle Nests in Denali National Park

Abstract: Unintended effects of recreational activities in protected areas are of growing concern. We used an adaptive‐management framework to develop guidelines for optimally managing hiking activities to maintain desired levels of territory occupancy and reproductive success of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in Denali National Park (Alaska, U.S.A.). The management decision was to restrict human access (hikers) to particular nesting territories to reduce disturbance. The management objective was to minimize restrictions on hikers while maintaining reproductive performance of eagles above some specified level. We based our decision analysis on predictive models of site occupancy of eagles developed using a combination of expert opinion and data collected from 93 eagle territories over 20 years. The best predictive model showed that restricting human access to eagle territories had little effect on occupancy dynamics. However, when considering important sources of uncertainty in the models, including environmental stochasticity, imperfect detection of hares on which eagles prey, and model uncertainty, restricting access of territories to hikers improved eagle reproduction substantially. An adaptive management framework such as ours may help reduce uncertainty of the effects of hiking activities on Golden Eagles.
Emotional Reactions to Verbal Irony

We report the findings of 3 studies looking at people's emotional reactions to different kinds of ironic language (e.g., irony, sarcasm, overstatement, understatement, satire, rhetorical questions, and nonironic statements). The first experiment instructed the participants to rate their own emotional reaction, the second to rate the emotional state of the speaker, and the third to rate how the participants thought the speaker wished them to feel. The choice of a statement predictably affected addressees' emotions, especially when participants read irony, rhetorical questions, understatement, and nonironic statements. With sarcasm and satire, speakers may reveal their own emotions with little intention to affect addressees' emotions, and overstatements had a negative effect that speakers did not intend. Finally, detailed patterns show how, when, and which emotions are influenced by the various types of irony.
The biorhythm of human skeletal growth

Evidence of a periodic biorhythm is retained in tooth enamel in the form of Retzius lines. The periodicity of Retzius lines (RP) correlates with body mass and the scheduling of life history events when compared between some mammalian species. The correlation has led to the development of the inter‐specific Havers–Halberg oscillation (HHO) hypothesis, which holds great potential for studying aspects of a fossil species biology from teeth. Yet, our understanding of if, or how, the HHO relates to human skeletal growth is limited. The goal here is to explore associations between the biorhythm and two hard tissues that form at different times during human ontogeny, within the context of the HHO. First, we investigate the relationship of RP to permanent molar enamel thickness and the underlying daily rate that ameloblasts secrete enamel during childhood. Following this, we develop preliminary research conducted on small samples of adult human bone by testing associations between RP, adult femoral length (as a proxy for attained adult stature) and cortical osteocyte lacunae density (as a proxy for the rate of osteocyte proliferation). Results reveal RP is positively correlated with enamel thickness, negatively correlated with femoral length, but weakly associated with the rate of enamel secretion and osteocyte proliferation. These new data imply that a slower biorhythm predicts thicker enamel for children but shorter stature for adults. Our results develop the intra‐specific HHO hypothesis suggesting that there is a common underlying systemic biorhythm that has a role in the final products of human enamel and bone growth.
Early Afterdepolarizations Produced by d,1‐Sotalol and Clofilium

EAD Formation by Class III Drugs. Introduction: The roles for L‐type calcium current and Na‐Ca exchange in early afterdepolarizations (EADs) attending d, l‐sotalol and clofilium were examined in canine Purkinje fibers and in enzymatically dispersed myocytes from canine subepicardium.
Attitude Change as a Function of Confidence in Counterargumentation

The effects which counterarguing has on attitudes have not been clear. Many researchers have argued that inhibiting counterarguing weakens resistance to persuasion. Then there are findings which show that having an opportunity to counterargue can increase agreement with a discrepant position. Several attempts have been made (Zimbardo, et.al., 1970; Vohs and Garrett, 1968) to account for such a reversal of the predicted relationship that distraction enhances attitude change by preventing counterarguments, but these ideas have not been substantiated. The purpose of this paper is to describe a mediating mechanism which appears to account for the differential effects of distraction in the attitude change literature. It is suggested that the effects of counterarguing do not depend solely on whether one is permitted to counterargue or not, but also are a function of how well one perceives he has argued. In few studies has an attempt been made to measure this counterarguing which carries such an explanatory burden in the literature on resigance to persuasion. It was decided to manipulate counterarguing by giving experimental subjects a period in which
Suicides and Suicide Attempts Following Homicide

This study used linked, official data for population-based surveillance of homicides, suicides, and homicide–suicides in four U.S. states and four counties. Among 1,503 homicide incidents, less than 5% (n = 74) were followed by the perpetrator's suicide and 1% (n = 18) by a nonfatal suicide attempt. However, among men who killed their female intimate partner with a firearm, 59% also took their own life. Homicide–suicide perpetrators did not test positive for an antidepressant more often than other male suicide decedents (15% vs. 19%). Most (54%) perpetrators of nonfirearm homicides who attempted suicide lived; nearly all (93%) firearm perpetrators who attempted suicide died. Among men who killed their female intimate partner with a firearm, homicide–suicide was the norm. Better enforcement of existing laws designed to protect abuse victims by removing firearms from domestic abusers may also prevent abusers' suicides.
Preprodynorphin mRNA‐expressing neurones in the rat parabrachial nucleus: subnuclear localization, hypothalamic projections and colocalization with noxious‐evoked fos‐like immunoreactivity

The dorsal lateral subnucleus of the rat pontine parabrachial nucleus is a major target for ascending nociceptive information from the spinal cord. With in situ hybridization histochemistry, using a radiolabelled cRNA probe, we demonstrate that neurones in and near the dorsal lateral subnucleus express preprodynorphin mRNA. The cRNA probe was constructed from a PCR product amplified from rat genomic DNA. Sequencing of the PCR product revealed that it corresponded to the sequence 466–1101 of the rat preprodynorphin gene exon 4.
Climate Change Discourses and Citizen Participation: A Case Study of the Discursive Construction of Citizenship in Two Public Events

Citizen participation is a recurrent and democratically important issue in the ongoing debate about climate change. However, different meanings are ascribed to citizen participation in different contexts, ranging from top-down involvement to bottom-up engagement, thus creating tension between conflicting ideals. Focusing on public engagement and its construal in different situational contexts, we explore how citizens are discursively included or excluded from participation, as various climate change discourses unfold in two forums where local needs and global concerns interact. Furthermore, we address some opportunities and barriers regarding citizen participation in climate change issues.
Enhancing Coverage and Reducing Power Consumption in Peer-to-Peer Networks Through Airborne Relaying

Over the years peer-to-peer (P2P) multi-hop relays have been studied for mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) to overcome poor signal coverage and to improve connectivity. However, for an urban environment, particularly with a sparse mobile distribution, a ground relay is not able to achieve significant benefits, mainly due to the extremely high pathloss and shadowing encountered. Dedicated airborne relay nodes, at a height of hundreds or thousands of meters, can provide much better coverage, and hence improve the connectivity, decrease the number of hops, reduce the power consumption, and support co-operative relays when integrated into mobile ad-hoc networks. An air node can also act as the sink for current wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Despite these potential advantages, the coverage from an air node located directly above an urban operating environment has not been adequately investigated in the literature. This paper compares the advantages of airborne relaying compared to more conventional peer-to-peer mobile relays. Three channel types are considered, i.e. line-of-sight (LoS), obstructed LoS (OLoS), and non-LoS (NLoS), each with their own likelihood, pathloss, and shadowing models. The practical gain pattern of a hemispheric antenna, or a directional antenna, is also carefully considered for the air node. Comparisons of the air-to-ground (A2G) channel and the mobile P2P channel demonstrate that airborne relays can enhance the coverage and reduce the power consumption significantly.
Linkages of plant–soil feedbacks and underlying invasion mechanisms

Plant-soil feedbacks including soil pathogens, mycorrhizal costs/benefits and nutrient dynamics impact invasion directly or through interactions with other ecological processes. Here we describe how the mechanisms by which soil community processes influence plant growth overlap with several known and well-described mechanisms of plant invasion. We need to focus on the underlying mechanisms of soil feedbacks, and how they link to invasion along temporal scale.
Role of reactive oxygen species-mediated signaling in aging.

SIGNIFICANCE Redox biology is a rapidly developing area of research due to the recent evidence for general importance of redox control for numerous cellular functions under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Understanding of redox homeostasis is particularly relevant to the understanding of the aging process. The link between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and accumulation of age-associated oxidative damage to macromolecules is well established, but remains controversial and applies only to a subset of experimental models. In addition, recent studies show that ROS may function as signaling molecules and that dysregulation of this process may also be linked to aging. RECENT ADVANCES Many protein factors and pathways that control ROS production and scavenging, as well as those that regulate cellular redox homeostasis, have been identified. However, much less is known about the mechanisms by which redox signaling pathways influence longevity. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of the molecular basis for the role of redox signaling in aging. CRITICAL ISSUES Recent studies allowed identification of previously uncharacterized redox components and revealed complexity of redox signaling pathways. It would be important to identify functions of these components and elucidate how distinct redox pathways are integrated with each other to maintain homeostatic balance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further characterization of processes that coordinate redox signaling, redox homeostasis, and stress response pathways should allow researchers to dissect how their dysregulation contributes to aging and pathogenesis of various age-related diseases, such as diabetes, cancer and neurodegeneration.
Learning action models for reactive autonomous agents

To be maximally effective, autonomous agents such as robots must be able both to react appropriately in dynamic environments and to plan new courses of action in novel situations. Reliable planning requires accurate models of the effects of actions--models which are often more appropriately learned through experience than design. This thesis describes TRAIL (Teleo-Reactive Agent with Inductive Learning), an integrated agent architecture which learns models of actions based on experiences in the environment. These action models are then used to create plans that combine both goal-directed and reactive behaviors. Previous work on action-model learning has focused on domains that contain only deterministic, atomic action models that explicitly describe all changes that can occur in the environment. The thesis extends this previous work to cover domains that contain durative actions, continuous variables, nondeterministic action effects, and actions taken by other agents. Results have been demonstrated in several robot simulation environments and the Silicon Graphics, Inc. flight simulator. The main emphasis in this thesis is on the action-model learning process within TRAIL. The content begins the learning process by recording experiences in its environment either by observing a trainer or by executing a plan. Second, the agent identifies instances of action success or failure during these experiences using a new analysis demonstrating nine possible causes of action failure. Finally, a variant of the Inductive Logic Programming algorithm DINUS is used to induce action models based on the action instances. As the action models are learned, they can be used for constructing plans whose execution contributes to additional learning experiences. Diminishing reliance on the teacher signals successful convergence of the learning process.
Analysis of Dividend Policy of the Romanian Financial Investment Companies

The purpose of dividend policy, promoted by a joint-stock company may be: building trust and forming a true business ownership, business growth, increase creditworthiness of the company and of trust others to it. The paper aim is to study the dividend policy to those five Romanian Financial Investment Companies in the period 2006-2012, through a series of specific indicators such as: dividend per share, dividend growth rate, dividend distribution rate, dividend yield, earnings per share, price earnings ratio, in order to reflect the performance and the impact of financial crisis on their performance on the financial market. Tracking the dynamics of these indicators allows us to draw conclusions on the position of the companies on the securities market, and their level influences the decision of shareholders to maintain or withdraw of shares, to invest in other more profitable businesses. Dividend yields made every year by Financial Investment Companies justify the high interest from investors for these shares. Currently, these companies offer a very attractive return for investors compared to the average dividend yield of the Stock Exchange. The evolution of the price earnings ratio shows the normal trend of rise of the companies’ shares in the period 2007-2008, after that they have entered the market at highly undervalued levels especially after declining in 2008.
Adult diagnosis of pathological demand avoidance – subsequent care planning

Purpose – Many patients in residential and secure settings have no formal diagnosis of Autism but may in fact be on the spectrum. This paper seeks to outline the diagnosis and subsequent treatment and intervention planning for a young woman in a low secure hospital.Design/methodology/approach – This paper summarises the literature in relation to the diagnosis of Pathological Demand Avoidance (an atypical presentation of Autism Spectrum Disorder) in children and describes how this diagnosis may present in adults. This search revealed that whilst there was a growing literature around PDA in Children, there was very little literature available about either the clinical presentation or management guidance in adults. A case study design was adopted.Findings – The paper concludes that the lack of an appropriate diagnosis and inappropriate formulation of the underlying causes of challenging behaviour can lead to patients becoming impossible to manage. Many may benefit from diagnosis and Autism‐specific intervent.
An Examination of Spatial Ability in Relation to Factors from the BEM Sex-Role Inventory

As the relationship between global sex-role classifications and spatial ability has yielded conflicting results, the present study examined factors embedded within a sex-role inventory for relationships to differences in spatial performance. The Bern Sex-role Inventory and two tests of spatial ability (Piagetian water level task and Paper-folding Test) were administered to 86 girls and 39 boys in the fall of 1981. While differences in spatial ability of boys and girls were significant, differentiation for masculine, feminine, and androgynous subjects was not obtained. Masculine and feminine items from Bern's inventory along with both scores on spatial tasks were subjected to factor analysis using the principal factor procedure followed by varimax rotation. The analysis yielded 11 factors which accounted for 68% of the total variance. Three masculine factors (dominance, independence, and competitiveness) and one feminine factor (concern for others) emerged. Contrary to what was anticipated, none of the factors was associated with spatial ability.
Mental health centres as ‘meeting-places’ in the community: exploring experiences of being service users and participants

The purpose of this article is to present and discuss findings from a qualitative study within mental health centres called ‘meeting-places’ in the community. Ten service users were interviewed in order to explore and gain insight into what visiting the centres might mean in the daily life situations of people who experience mental health problems. The interviewees were recruited during fieldwork within these centres, aiming to facilitate the inclusion of service users who wished to share their experiences, but who might not otherwise come forward as research participants. Three main themes were identified in the data analysis: ‘To belong and be recognized’, ‘Needs for support and challenges’, and ‘Participation and everyday life’. Flexible community mental health services can be helpful by offering support and challenges as well as possibilities for mutual relationships. However, the study also highlights a lack of opportunities for participation and recognition in the wider society.
Gentrification and the Politics of the New Middle Class

Whereas authors have frequently alluded to an adversarial politics among the new middle class of professional and managerial workers, surveys and electoral returns confirm a generally conservative disposition in this group as a whole. In this paper I seek to specify a social location for left—liberal politics among a distinctive cadre of social and cultural professionals, the cultural new class. This cadre also bears a distinct geographical identity, with an overconcentration in the central cities of large metropolitan areas, not least in their gentrifying districts. The part played since 1968 by the cultural new class in these gentrifying districts in redefining the urban politics of Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver is examined. In particular, the role of a gentrifying middle class in challenging a postwar hegemony of growth boosterism practised by the conservative regimes in all three cities, and their parallel attempt to sustain an alternative regime of reform politics, are assessed.