Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uniqueness for the signature of a path of bounded variation and the reduced path group

We introduce the notions of tree-like path and tree-like equivalence between paths and prove that the latter is an equivalence relation for paths of finite length. We show that the equivalence classes form a group with some similarity to a free group, and that in each class there is one special tree reduced path. The set of these paths is the Reduced Path Group. It is a continuous analogue to the group of reduced words. The signature of the path is a power series whose coefficients are definite iterated integrals of the path. We identify the paths with trivial signature as the tree-like paths, and prove that two paths are in tree-like equivalence if and only if they have the same signature. In this way, we extend Chen's theorems on the uniqueness of the sequence of iterated integrals associated with a piecewise regular path to finite length paths and identify the appropriate extended meaning for reparameterisation in the general setting. It is suggestive to think of this result as a non-commutative analogue of the result that integrable functions on the circle are determined, up to Lebesgue null sets, by their Fourier coefficients. As a second theme we give quantitative versions of Chen's theorem in the case of lattice paths and paths with continuous derivative, and as a corollary derive results on the triviality of exponential products in the tensor algebra.
Theory of a quantum artificial neuron based on superconducting devices

An artificial neuron using superconducting devices, so-called rf SQUID, working at the quantum-mechanical domain is studied. It is shown that quantum rf SQUID regarded as flux qubit can act as an artificial neuron with sigmoid function generated by coherent quantum-mechanical transitions between wells in double well potential representing rf SQUID.
Validation of the Portuguese version of the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised (QEWP-R) for the screening of binge eating disorder.

OBJECTIVE The present paper describes the validation of the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised (QEWP-R) designed for the diagnosis of binge eating disorder (BED) and sub-clinical binge eating. METHODS 89 overweight women seeking treatment for binge eating and/or obesity were assessed with the Portuguese version of the Questionnaire of Eating and Weight Patterns and were, subsequently, interviewed with the eating disorders module of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I/P). Rates of binge eating disorder and sub-clinical cases of binge eating obtained with the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised were then compared to those obtained with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. RESULTS In the identification of binge eating, irrespective of the presence of all criteria for binge eating disorder the QEWP-R Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised yielded a sensitivity value of 0.88, a specificity value of 0.63 and a positive predictive value of 0.825. Rates for the identification of the full syndrome of binge eating disorder were: sensitivity value of 0.548, a specificity value of 0.8 and a positive predictive value of 0.793. CONCLUSIONS The Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised can be useful in a first-step screening procedure to identify probable cases of binge eating. It can be useful as a screening tool and as a first step of clinical assessment of patients seeking treatment for binge eating and/or obesity.
The contested geographies of master planned estates: the role of the building design codes

ABSTRACT Much of the debate in contemporary urban studies has surrounded the provision of affordable housing in capital and regional cities. Master planned estates (MPEs) have emerged as the dominant form of housing in Australia. Master planned estates often include private governance mechanisms to regulate resident behaviour and building designs, improving the sales potential and creating an enhanced living environment for residents. Using case studies of three MPEs this paper explores aspects of the building design codes (BDCs), including their rationale, contribution to initial engagement and resident experiences. It finds that while the BDCs are perceived as integral to improving estate sales and the long-term operation, the developer’s commitment declines over time. The BDCs help to attract new residents by creating predictability. The estate residents are largely supportive of the BDCs and some feel abandoned when the developer’s commitment declines. The results are interpreted through a commodity perspective, which considers how the moments of production, exchange and consumption are inflected through culturally derived notions of home and home-making processes.
Distinct Profiles of Cytotoxic Granules in Memory CD8 T Cells Correlate with Function, Differentiation Stage, and Antigen Exposure

ABSTRACT Cytotoxic CD8 T cells exert their antiviral and antitumor activity primarily through the secretion of cytotoxic granules. Degranulation activity and cytotoxic granules (perforin plus granzymes) generally define CD8 T cells with cytotoxic function. In this study, we have investigated the expression of granzyme K (GrmK) in comparison to that of GrmA, GrmB, and perforin. The expression of the cytotoxic granules was assessed in virus-specific CD8 T cells specific to influenza virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), or human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We observed a dichotomy between GrmK and perforin expression in virus-specific CD8 T cells. The profile in influenza virus-specific CD8 T cells was perforin− GrmB− GrmA+/− GrmK+; in CMV-specific cells, it was perforin+ GrmB+ GrmA+ GrmK−/+; and in EBV- and HIV-1-specific cells, it was perforin−/+ GrmB+ GrmA+ GrmK+. On the basis of the delineation of memory and effector CD8 T cells with CD45RA and CD127, the GrmK+ profile was associated with early-stage memory CD8 T-cell differentiation, the perforin+ GrmB+ GrmA+ profile with advanced-stage differentiation, and the GrmB+ GrmA+ Grmk+ profile with intermediate-stage differentiation. Furthermore, perforin and GrmB but not GrmA and GrmK correlated with cytotoxic activity. Finally, changes in antigen exposure in vitro and in vivo during primary HIV-1 infection and vaccination modulated cytotoxic granule profiles. These results advance our understanding of the relationship between distinct profiles of cytotoxic granules in memory CD8 T cells and function, differentiation stage, and antigen exposure.
A mate to die for? A model of conditional monogyny in cannibalistic spiders

Monogynous males in various species actively limit themselves to mating with a single female in their lifetime. Whereas previous models have considered monogyny as an obligate mating strategy, here we explore the potential of monogyny to evolve as a context-specific (conditional) behavior. Using a state-dependent dynamic game model based on the biology of the cannibalistic spider Argiope bruennichi, we confirm that conditional monogyny can evolve under broad conditions, including an even sex ratio. We predict that males should make a terminal investment when mating with large, virgin females, especially if population density is low and the encounter occurs late in the season. We encourage empirical tests for the existence of conditional monogyny in all species where monogyny occurs in the absence of strict morphological constraints that would make it obligatory.
Wireless Sensor Network Localization Based on PSO Algorithm in NLOS Environment

The localization accuracy of wireless sensor network(WSN) can be decreased due to the existence of the non-line of sight(NLOS) in real environment. This paper is focused on the NLOS node localization problem for WSN. Firstly, we use the modified Kalman Filter algorithm to reduce the NLOS error according to its distribution model. Moreover, combined with the least square method(LSM) method, the reconstructed measured value is used to estimate the general location of the target node. Finally, the higher localization accuracy can be obtained by applying the particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm. The experimental results show that the method can achieve a high localization accuracy in the complex NLOS environment.
Neurotransmittergesteuerte Rezeptoren in neuem Licht: Optische Methoden zur Kontrolle physiologischer Funktion

Zusammenfassung Neurotransmittergesteuerte Rezeptoren sind auf vielfältige Weise an der synaptischen Signalleitung und Modulation beteiligt. Am Beispiel der Glutamatrezeptoren wird schnell deutlich, dass diese Rezeptorfamilien eine enorme Diversität aufweisen und es daher eine große Herausforderung bleibt, die unterschiedlichen Funktionen nah miteinander verwandter Rezeptorsubtypen aufzuklären. Pharmakologische und genetische Methoden werden zunehmend durch optogenetische Ansätze ergänzt, welche es erlauben, das Rezeptorsignaling mit Licht zu manipulieren. Am Beispiel der Glutamatrezeptoren lege ich dar, wie kovalent verankerte photoschaltbare Liganden genutzt werden können, um einzelne Rezeptorsubtypen mit hoher räumlicher und zeitlicher Präzision in ausgewählten Zellen zu kontrollieren. Mit diesen und ähnlichen Techniken eröffnen sich neue, vielversprechende Möglichkeiten, die Funktion bestimmter Rezeptoren im Nervensystem zu untersuchen.
Task-Focused Summarization of Email

We describe SmartMail, a prototype system for automatically identifying action items (tasks) in email messages. SmartMail presents the user with a task-focused summary of a message. The summary consists of a list of action items extracted from the message. The user can add these action items to their “to do” list.
Enhanced Awareness of Countertransference

Counselor educators and supervisors bear an enormous responsibility to produce counselors who are not only skillful in their practice, but also professionally responsible. Professional responsibility includes being self-aware of one's internal processes and motivations. This manuscript calls for an enhanced curriculum that emphasizes the understanding, identification, and management of the multidimensional intricacies involving issues of countertransference. Current research is reviewed to reveal the implications for counselor educators and supervisors.
Downward refinement in the ALN description logic

We focus on the problem of specialization in a description logics (DL) representation, specifically the ALN language. Standard approaches to learning in these representations are based on bottom-up algorithms that employ the lcs operator, which, in turn, produces overly specific (overfitting,) and still redundant concept definitions. In the dual (top-down) perspective, this issue can be tackled by means of an ILP downward operator. Indeed, using a mapping from DL descriptions onto a clausal representation, we define a specialization operator computing maximal specializations of a concept description on the grounds of the available positive and negative examples.
Kernel techniques: From machine learning to meshless methods

Kernels are valuable tools in various fields of numerical analysis, including approximation, interpolation, meshless methods for solving partial differential equations, neural networks, and machine learning. This contribution explains why and how kernels are applied in these disciplines. It uncovers the links between them, in so far as they are related to kernel techniques. It addresses non-expert readers and focuses on practical guidelines for using kernels in applications.
Uses and gratifications of mobile application users

Mobile communication follows the development trend of internet, users can link with mobile software stores through internet, and download all kinds of applications, which has provided human beings with more diversified information application forms, and gradually changed people's living habits and operation mode. It is indicated by research reports that growth rate of global smart phone in 2010 is as high as 78.1%, showing that smart phone gradually becomes the mainstream in mobile phone market. Smart phone has the function of installing applications, provides users with more diversified mobile value-added services and will change the use habits in the future. In this study, motives of mobile application users and their degree of gratifications after use are preliminarily discussed based on the uses and gratifications theory, using the questionnaire survey method and with the main purpose of investigating the users with the experience of using mobile applications, and understanding their demographic characteristics, use motives of mobile applications, and degree of gratifications after use. Altogether 591 effective questionnaires are recovered, and data are analyzed with the statistical methods such as descriptive statistics, t-test, and oneway ANOVA. It is discovered through research that female users of mobile applications are more than male ones, most of them are students aged 20–29, have educational level of university (college), and monthly income below 625 US dollars. In respect of the use behavior, most users have use experience of more than five years, they most often use built-in applications within the mobile phone, download applications from mobile forums, usually use less than one hour in one day, and most often use game/entertainment applications in their workplaces or schools. And the main motive that mobile application users can obtain maximum gratification is “relaxing and relieving stress. ”
HLA-A*02:07 Is a Protective Allele for EBV Negative and a Susceptibility Allele for EBV Positive Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma in China

HLA-A2 protects from EBV+ classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) in Western Europe, but it is unknown whether this protective effect also exists in the Chinese population. We investigated the association of HLA-A2 and specific common and well documented HLA-A2 subtypes with EBV stratified cHL patients (n = 161) from the northern part of China. Quantitative-PCR and sequence-based subtyping was performed to identify HLA-A2 positive samples and their subtypes. 67 (42%) of the cHL patients were EBV+. There were no significant differences in percentages of HLA-A2 positivity between cHL and controls (65% vs 66%) and between EBV+ and EBV− cHL patients (70% vs 61%). The frequency distribution of HLA-A2 subtypes was significantly different between EBV stratified cHL subgroups and controls. This difference was most striking for the HLA-A*02:07 type with a frequency of 38% in EBV+ cHL, 8% in EBV− cHL and 20% in controls. Significant differences were also observed for the HLA-A*02:07, HLA-A2 (non-02:07) and the A2-negative typings between EBV+ cHL vs controls (p = 0.028), EBV− cHL vs controls (p = 0.045) and EBV+ vs EBV− cHL cases (p = 2×10−5). In conclusion, HLA-A*02:07 is a predisposing allele for EBV+ cHL and a protective allele for EBV− cHL in the northern Chinese population.
Prediction of Infectious Disease Spread Using Twitter: A Case of Influenza

Nowadays, detecting the disaster phenomena and predicting the final stage become very important in the risk analysis view-point. The statistical methods provide accurate estimates of parameters when the data are completely given. However, when the data are incomplete, the accuracy of the estimates becomes poor. Therefore, statistical methods are weak in predicting the future trends. The SIR methods, for infectious disease spread prediction, using the differential equations can sometimes provide accurate estimates for the final stage. These methods, however, require some inspection time, which means the delay of analysis at least one week or so when we want to predict the future trends. To detect the disasters and to predict the future trends much earlier, we can use the social network system (SNS). In this paper, we have proposed a method to predict the future trend of influenza by using Twitter. We have analyzed the possibility of building a regression model by combining Twitter messages and CDC's Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) data, and we have found that the multiple linear regression model with ridge regularization outperforms the single linear regression model and other un-regularized least squared methods. The model of multiple linear regression with ridge can notably improve the prediction accuracy.
Balancing User Effort and Translation Error in Interactive Machine Translation via Confidence Measures

This work deals with the application of confidence measures within an interactive-predictive machine translation system in order to reduce human effort. If a small loss in translation quality can be tolerated for the sake of efficiency, user effort can be saved by interactively translating only those initial translations which the confidence measure classifies as incorrect. We apply confidence estimation as a way to achieve a balance between user effort savings and final translation error. Empirical results show that our proposal allows to obtain almost perfect translations while significantly reducing user effort.
Distributed Intervals: A Formal Framework for Information Granulation

The notion of distributed interval, as a formal framework for information granulation, represented by the collection of finite number of general-intervals is introduced. Operations on distributed intervals are defined based on the corresponding general-intervals'. Distributed intervals provide a bi-criteria framework for information granulation that can be used as a conceptually rich structure in granular computing.
The Extraordinary Infrared Spectrum of NGC 1222 (Markarian 603)

The infrared spectra of starburst galaxies are dominated by low-excitation lines of [Ne II] and [S III], and the stellar populations deduced from these spectra appear to lack stars larger than about 35 M⊙. The only exceptions to this result until now were low-metallicity dwarf galaxies. We report our analysis of the mid-infrared spectra obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph on Spitzer of the starburst galaxy NGC 1222 (Mrk 603). NGC 1222 is a large spheroidal galaxy with a starburst nucleus that is a compact radio and infrared source, and its infrared emission is dominated by the [Ne III] line. This is the first starburst of solar or near-solar metallicity known to us that is dominated by high-excitation lines and is a likely host of high-mass stars. We model the emission with several different assumptions as to the spatial distribution of high- and low-excitation lines and find that the upper mass cutoff in this galaxy is 40-100 M⊙.
A Systematic Review on Regression Testing for Web-Based Applications

Web-based applications and their underlying parts are growing rapidly to offer services over the internet around the world. Web applications play critical roles in various areas such as community development, business, academic, sciences etc. Therefore their correctness and reliability become important factors with each succeeding release. Regression testing is an important means to ensure such factors for every new released version. Regression testing is a verification process to discover the impact of changes in other interconnected modules. With the goal of selecting an appropriate regression testing approach to respond adequately to any changes in Web applications, we conduct a complete systematic study of regression testing techniques in Web applications. Out of 64, we identified a total of 22 papers reporting experiments and case studies. We present a qualitative analysis for used tools, an overview of test case section techniques and empirical study evaluation for every selected work. No approaches were found clearly superior to other since results depend on many varying factors and the deployment environments. We identified the need of evidences where approaches are evaluated cost effective rather than technical description.
Cold Start Problem: a Lightweight Approach at ECML/PKDD 2011 - Discovery Challenge

The paper presents our participation (5) at the ECML/PKDD 2011 - Discovery challenge for the task on the cold start problem. The challenge dataset was gathered from VideoLectures.Net web site that exploits a Recommender System (RS) to guide users during the access to its large multimedia repository of video lectures. Cold start concerns performance issues when new items and new users should be handled by a RS and it is commonly associated with pure collaborative ltering- based RSs. The proposed approach exploits the challenge data to predict the frequencies of pairs of cold items and old items and then the highest values are used to provide recommendations.
Validation of the student athletes’ motivation towards sports and academics questionnaire to Korean student-athletes

The current study had three aims: (1) to validate a Korean version of the Student Athletes’ Motivation toward Sports and Academics Questionnaire (SAMSAQ-Kr), (2) to examine South Korean university student-athletes’ motivation towards athletic and academic achievement, and (3) to identify the relationship between athletic identity and their athletic and academic achievement. A total of 126 South Korean university student-athletes (41.4% males and 58.6% females; mean age 20.5, SD = 2.74) completed the SAMSAQ-Kr. To investigate the validity evidence of the SAMSAQ-Kr a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Rasch model were employed. To examine the relationship between Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS) and SAMSAQ for Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated. Findings indicated that the SAMSAQ-Kr showed a different model from other versions and revealed positive correlations between AIMS scores and athletic motivations. The current study highlighted that importance of considering socio-cultural context in developing questionnaire and contributed to help understand South Korean university student-athletes’ motivation towards athletic and academic achievement.
Designing finger touch gestures for affective and expressive interaction on mobile social networking sites

This thesis project is an interaction design study, which studies how finger touch gestures can be used as expressive alternatives to text comments on social networking sites. In the study qualitative research methods and a user-centred approach are used. The study collects literature on how emotion is modeled in Human-computer Interaction and how emotion can be expressed through touch. The popular social networking site Facebook is used as a case study of user behavior on social networking sites and as a starting point for the design of the interaction. A user study was conducted with two participants with much experience of the mobile Facebook application. The results of the study are five design ideas that are based on previous in the research area and from feedback from the participants of the user study. The interaction of two of the design ideas were developed into simple web prototypes to see if the functionality could be implemented. This thesis project is an exploratory beginning on the use of finger touch gestures for expression of emotions social networking sites. These design ideas will have to be developed into usable prototypes and tested with users in future research.