Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Test Result and 3D-FEM Analysis at the Knee Point of a 60 kW SRM for a HEV

The maximum torque values in computer analysis and experiment in the switched reluctance motor (SRM), having competitive torque density and efficiency with respect to the rare-earth permanent magnet motor employed in the 2009 Toyota Prius, have been compared. The SRM is highly saturated to provide the maximum torque for a short time; thus, the torque value tends to have considerable error of 15% even in the 3D FEM analysis with respect to experimental result because of the incomplete material setting. A comparison of the flux-linkage and current is also provided for consideration. The results of the 2D-FEM and 3D-FEM analysis as well as a test machine are presented. The maximum torque in the 3D-FEM analysis is shown to be within errors of 5.0% with respect to that in the test machine.
Delineating ecologically significant taxonomic units from global patterns of marine picocyanobacteria

Significance Metagenomics has become an accessible approach to study complex microbial communities thanks to the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies. However, molecular ecology studies often face interpretation issues, notably due to the lack of reliable reference databases for assigning reads to the correct taxa and use of fixed cutoffs to delineate taxonomic groups. Here, we considerably refined the phylogeography of marine picocyanobacteria, responsible for about 25% of global marine productivity, by recruiting reads targeting a high-resolution marker from Tara Oceans metagenomes. By clustering lineages based on their distribution patterns, we showed that there is significant diversity at a finer resolution than the currently defined “ecotypes,” a diversity that is tightly controlled by environmental cues. Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus are the two most abundant and widespread phytoplankton in the global ocean. To better understand the factors controlling their biogeography, a reference database of the high-resolution taxonomic marker petB, encoding cytochrome b6, was used to recruit reads out of 109 metagenomes from the Tara Oceans expedition. An unsuspected novel genetic diversity was unveiled within both genera, even for the most abundant and well-characterized clades, and 136 divergent petB sequences were successfully assembled from metagenomic reads, significantly enriching the reference database. We then defined Ecologically Significant Taxonomic Units (ESTUs)—that is, organisms belonging to the same clade and occupying a common oceanic niche. Three major ESTU assemblages were identified along the cruise transect for Prochlorococcus and eight for Synechococcus. Although Prochlorococcus HLIIIA and HLIVA ESTUs codominated in iron-depleted areas of the Pacific Ocean, CRD1 and the yet-to-be cultured EnvB were the prevalent Synechococcus clades in this area, with three different CRD1 and EnvB ESTUs occupying distinct ecological niches with regard to iron availability and temperature. Sharp community shifts were also observed over short geographic distances—for example, around the Marquesas Islands or between southern Indian and Atlantic Oceans—pointing to a tight correlation between ESTU assemblages and specific physico-chemical parameters. Together, this study demonstrates that there is a previously overlooked, ecologically meaningful, fine-scale diversity within some currently defined picocyanobacterial ecotypes, bringing novel insights into the ecology, diversity, and biology of the two most abundant phototrophs on Earth.
GeneTide - Terra Incognita Discovery Endeavor mining ESTs and expression data to elucidate known and de-novo GeneCards/spl reg/ genes

The construction of a complete EST-based gene index is an intricate task yet to be accomplished. GeneTide, the Gene Terra Incognita Discovery Endeavor (http://genecards.weizmann.ac.il/genetide/), which is the newest addition to the GeneCards suite of databases, comprehensively maps >4.5 of the /spl sim/5.5 million human ESTs currently available at dbEST with either known or newly defined putative human genes. The association is accomplished via data mining genomic resources, and integrating using a unified scoring scheme. Groups of unassociated transcripts serve as a basis for defining EST-based gene candidates (EGCs). These EGCs are annotated with various parameters, including expression data, to determine their validity as possible de-novo genes. An immediate application of GeneTide to microarray annotation has increased, in a specific example, the number of annotated Affymetrix HGU95A-E probe sets by 50% in comparison to previous attempts.
Deep Brain Stimulation of the Nucleus Accumbens Core Affects Trait Impulsivity in a Baseline-Dependent Manner

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens (NA) is explored as a treatment for refractory psychiatric disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), depressive disorder (MDD), and substance use disorder (SUD). A common feature of some of these disorders is pathological impulsivity. Here, the effects of NAcore DBS on impulsive choice and impulsive action, two distinct forms of impulsive behavior, were investigated in translational animal tasks, the delayed reward task (DRT) and five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), respectively. In both tasks, the effects of NAcore DBS were negatively correlated with baseline impulsive behavior, with more pronounced effects in the 5-CSRTT. To further examine the effects of DBS on trait impulsive action, rats were screened for high (HI) and low (LI) impulsive responding in the 5-CSRTT. NAcore DBS decreased impulsive, premature responding in HI rats under conventional conditions. However, upon challenged conditions to increase impulsive responding, NAcore DBS did not alter impulsivity. These results strongly suggest a baseline-dependent effect of DBS on impulsivity, which is in line with clinical observations.
COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS IN THE 'SEVENTIES

Maybe I owe my readers an apology for the more or less PR-oriented, catchy title. One could ask: What's so special about a decade, anyway? And why should the '70s be singled out as a decade in which important things are supposed to happen in linguistics or any other field of science? There is also an inherent danger in a title like the above. When looking back on a decade, one may be able to formulate certain trends that were characteristic for that period. But looking forward is quite another matter indeed. As the Danish humorist, Robert Storm Petersen, once said: "It is difficult to make predictions — especially about the future. " Nevertheless, here I am, supposedly making predictions about thö 'seventies in computational linguistics. What's more, I think I can justify, at least partly, why I am doing it. Briefly, it seems to me that we have reached a turning point in computational linguistics, and that the 'seventies are going to be quite different from the decade that preceded it. Furthermore, on the basis of the experience of the 'sixties, it is quite easy to tell what computational linguistics will NOT be like in the years ahead. And finally, there are certain definite trends in the 'sixties that promise to continue in the years immediately ahead of us. In other words, my predictions will take the form of projections or extrapolations rather than of inspired prophecies.
The role of ‘educated native speakers’ in providing language analysis for the determination of the origin of asylum seekers

This paper speaks to a debate which has arisen across various branches of linguistics (see Eades, 2009) regarding the relative levels of responsibility that should be given to (a) qualified linguists with professional expertise in a particular language, and (b) ‘educated native speakers’ of the language, in conducting Language Analysis for the Determination of the regional or social Origin of asylum seekers (LADO). It reviews existing evidence from the phonetic and sociolinguistic literature regarding the reliability of accent judgments by linguists and non-linguists. It argues that, while LADO is a valid form of assistance to offer in the asylum process, careful evaluation of its limitations, in general and in specific cases, is crucial - ,as in other branches of forensic linguistics. The paper concludes by calling for (a) a proper research program to investigate people’s actual abilities in recognising, discriminating and identifying accents under various sociolinguistic conditions; (b) collaboration between LADO agencies and linguists to develop analysis and testing procedures; and (c) a system of accreditation by an independent, international authority for the agencies that carry out LADO.
What shakes the FX tree? Understanding currency dominance, dependence, and dynamics (Keynote Address)

There is intense interest in understanding the stochastic and dynamical properties of the global Foreign Exchange (FX) market, whose daily transactions exceed one trillion US dollars. This is a formidable task since the FX market is characterized by a web of fluctuating exchange rates, with subtle inter-dependencies which may change in time. In practice, traders talk of particular currencies being 'in play' during a particular period of time -- yet there is no established machinery for detecting such important information. Here we apply the construction of Minimum Spanning Trees (MSTs) to the FX market, and show that the MST can capture important features of the global FX dynamics. Moreover, we show that the MST can help identify momentarily dominant and dependent currencies.
Chemokines in acute respiratory distress syndrome

A characteristic feature of all inflammatory disorders is the excessive recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation. The loss of control in trafficking these cells contributes to inflammatory diseases. Leukocyte recruitment is a well-orchestrated process that includes several protein families including the large cytokine subfamily of chemotactic cytokines, the chemokines. Chemokines and their receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Acute lung injury that clinically manifests as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is caused by an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response resulting from clinical events including major surgery, trauma, multiple transfusions, severe burns, pancreatitis, and sepsis. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome involves activation of alveolar macrophages and sequestered neutrophils in the lung. The clinical hallmarks of ARDS are severe hypoxemia, diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, and normal intracardiac filling pressures. The magnitude and duration of the inflammatory process may ultimately determine the outcome in patients with ARDS. Recent evidence shows that activated leukocytes and chemokines play a key role in the pathogenesis of ARDS. The expanding number of antagonists of chemokine receptors for inflammatory disorders may hold promise for new medicines to combat ARDS.
Adaptação para a língua Portuguesa e aplicação de protocolo de avaliação das disartrias de origem central em pacientes com Doença de Parkinson

OBJETIVO: traduzir e adaptar protocolo desenvolvido por pesquisadores alemaes, adequando-o as caracteristicas foneticas e linguisticas do portugues falado no Brasil. Caracterizar os componentes de fala mais alterados na populacao com doenca de Parkinson, comparando-os com grupo de sujeitos normais na mesma faixa etaria. METODOS: realizou-se a traducao e adaptacao do protocolo. Posteriormente foram avaliados 21 pacientes com diagnostico neurologico de Doenca de Parkinson nos estagios Hoehn &Yarh, entre 2 e 3, e 10 sujeitos normais. O protocolo incluia avaliacao da respiracao, fonacao, ressonância, articulacao, prosodia e a analise acustica dos parâmetros vocais. RESULTADOS: o protocolo mostrou-se de facil aplicacao clinica. Nos sujeitos com doenca de Parkinson foram observadas alteracoes predominantes na fonacao (85,9%) e articulacao (42,9%). CONCLUSAO: o estudo demonstrou ser o protocolo uma ferramenta eficiente para a avaliacao da disartria em pacientes com doenca de Parkinson.
An iterative deep learning framework for unsupervised discovery of speech features and linguistic units with applications on spoken term detection

In this work we aim to discover high quality speech features and Linguistic units directly from unlabeled speech data in a zero resource scenario. The results are evaluated using the metrics and corpora proposed in the Zero Resource Speech Challenge organized at Interspeech 2015. A Multi-layered Acoustic Tokenizer (MAT) was proposed for automatic discovery of multiple sets of acoustic tokens from the given corpus. Each acoustic token set is specified by a set of hyperparameters that describe the model configuration. These sets of acoustic tokens carry different characteristics fof the given corpus and the language behind, thus can be mutually reinforced. The multiple sets of token labels are then used as the targets of a Multi-target Deep Neural Network (MDNN) trained on low-level acoustic features. Bottleneck features extracted from the MDNN are then used as the feedback input to the MAT and the MDNN itself in the next iteration. We call this iterative deep learning framework the Multi-layered Acoustic Tokenizing Deep Neural Network (MAT-DNN), which generates both high quality speech features for the Track 1 of the Challenge and acoustic tokens for the Track 2 of the Challenge. In addition, we performed extra experiments on the same corpora on the application of query-by-example spoken term detection. The experimental results showed the iterative deep learning framework of MAT-DNN improved the detection performance due to better underlying speech features and acoustic tokens.
Giving birth: Guatemalan women's voices.

OBJECTIVE To gain an understanding of the cultural meanings of giving birth for Guatemalan women. DESIGN Ethnographic, focusing on the birth stories of Guatemalan women and their perceptions of the sociocultural context of childbearing. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Thirty Guatemalan women (15 primiparae and 15 multiparae) of mixed Mayan and Ladino heritage who had given birth to healthy full-term infants were interviewed during the early postpartum weeks. These women lived in small villages in the Sacatepéquez District of Guatemala. These audiotaped interviews were conducted in the Nacional Pedro de Bethancourt Hospital, in clinics, in the homes of the women, or in central plazas. RESULTS The sociocultural context of giving birth in Guatemala is described, including common beliefs about pregnancy and childbirth and the meaning and significance of having children. The predominant themes found were the sacred nature of childbirth; the need for reliance on God during pregnancy, childbirth, and childrearing; and the bittersweet paradox of giving birth. CONCLUSION With increasing numbers of Central American refugees and immigrants of childbearing age entering the United States, it is important for nurses to recognize, acknowledge, and respect specific cultural practices related to childbearing.
Relation between reflux of bile acids into the stomach and gastric mucosal atrophy, intestinal metaplasia in biopsy specimens

During endoscopic examinations we collected fluid in the stomach that included reflux fluid from the duodenum, and assessed the effect of quantitatively determined bile acids on glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia using biopsy specimens. A total of 294 outpatients were enrolled in this study. Total bile acid concentration was measured by an enzyme immunoassay. Glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia scores were graded according to the Updated Sydney System. An effect of refluxed bile acids on atrophy and intestinal metaplasia was shown in the high-concentration reflux group in comparison with the control group. However, when the odds ratios (ORs) were calculated according to whether Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection was present, no significant associations were shown between reflux bile acids and atrophy in either the H. pylori-positive cases or -negative cases. The same was true for intestinal metaplasia in the H. pylori-positive cases, whereas intestinal metaplasia was more pronounced in the high-concentration reflux group in the H. pylori-negative cases (OR 2.4, 95%CI 1.1–5.6). We could not clarify the effect of the reflux of bile acids into the stomach in the progression of atrophy. High-concentration bile acids had an effect on the progression of intestinal metaplasia in the H. pylori-negative cases.
WORKING PAPERS 2006 EFFECTIVENESS OF FISCAL AND OTHER MEASURES TO MANAGE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM THE AUTOMOBILE SECTOR : EVIDENCE FROM EUROPE

This paper models annual new car average CO2 emissions intensity in EU Member States over the period 1995-2004. It attempts to explore the relationship, if any, between national vehicle and fuel taxes and the EU voluntary agreement in reducing CO2 emissions from the passenger car fleet. Our results indicate that (i) vehicle taxes are likely to be significant in reducing CO2 emissions intensity of passenger cars, and that (ii) the CO2 emissions intensity of EU new passenger cars has fallen over the time period studied. We hypothesise that this time trend may be attributable to the voluntary agreement. Correspondence to: Lisa Ryan, Planning and Environmental Policy, University College Dublin, Richview, Clonskeagh, Dublin 14, Ireland. Tel: +353-1-716 2676; Fax: +353-1-716 2776; E-mail: Lisa.B. Ryan@ucd.ie Citation: Ryan, L. , S. Ferreira and F. Convery (2006). “Effectiveness of fiscal and other measures to manage greenhouse gas emissions from the automobile sector: Evidence from Europe”, Planning and Environmental Policy Research Series (PEP) Working Paper 06/06, Department of Planning and Environmental Policy, University College Dublin. PEP 06/06 University College Dublin 2 Effectiveness of Fiscal Measures in the Auto Sector L. Ryan, S. Ferreira, and F. Convery
Forest Above-Ground Biomass Estimation From Vertical Reflectivity Profiles at L-Band

Forest height is an important parameter for the allometric estimation of above-ground forest biomass (AGB). However, variable forest stand densities limit the performance of the allometric estimation of AGB from height measurements alone. Recently, the use of vertical forest structure information as an indicator for the variation of stand density has been proposed and used to improve the allometric estimation of AGB from height measurements. In this letter, the use of vertical radar reflectivity profiles at L-band obtained from SAR tomography, as a proxy for vertical forest structure for the allometric estimation of AGB, is investigated. L-band reflectivity profiles, which are reconstructed from data at different polarizations (HH and HV) and acquired under “moist” and “dry” weather conditions, are investigated. The proposed allometric AGB estimator increases the correlation factor from 0.60 to 0.81 and reduces the root-mean-square error from 50.25 to 36.30 Mg/ha when compared with the AGB estimation from forest height alone. The effect of polarization and weather conditions on the AGB estimation performance is discussed.
Where angels fear to tread: online peer-assessment in a large first-year class

In the context of widening participation, large classes and increased diversity, assessment of student learning is becoming increasingly problematic in that providing formative feedback aimed at developing student writing proves to be particularly laborious. Although the potential value of peer assessment has been well documented in the literature, the associated administrative burden, also in relation to managing anonymity and intellectual ownership, makes this option less attractive, particularly in large classes. A potential solution involves the use of information and communication technologies to automate the logistics associated with peer assessment in a time-efficient way. However, uptake of such systems in the higher education community is limited, and research in this area is only beginning. This case study reports on the use of the Moodle Workshop module for formative peer assessment of students’ individual work in a first-year introductory macro-economics class of over 800 students. Data were collected through an end-of-course evaluation survey of students. The study found that using the feature-rich Workshop module not only addressed many of the practical challenges associated with paper-based peer assessments, but also provided a range of additional options for enhancing validity and reliability of peer assessments that would not be possible with paper-based systems.
The APC/β‐catenin pathway in ulcerative colitis–related colorectal carcinomas

Although the APC/β‐catenin pathway is known to play a crucial role in sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis, its influence on ulcerative colitis (UC)–related neoplastic progression is unknown. To elucidate the role of the APC‐/β‐catenin pathway in UC‐related carcinogenesis, the authors identified APC and β‐catenin mutations in a set of UC‐related and sporadic colorectal carcinomas.
Stimulant Treatment Patterns and Compliance in Children and Adults With Newly Treated Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

OBJECTIVES: To identify newly treated cases of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), assess the presence of comorbid psychiatric conditions, identify pharmacological treatment patterns, and examine treatment compliance rates among children and adults with newly diagnosed and pharmacologically treated ADHD in a managed care population. METHODS: Children (aged 18 years or younger) and adults having newly treated ADHD were identified from medical and pharmacy claims in an administrative claims database from 6 health plans. Claims data for services or products provided between April 1, 1997, and September 30, 1999, was analyzed for the managed care population (604,538 children and 1,542,304 adults). Data on compliance, persistence, and pharmacological treatment patterns were collected for the 6 months prior to and the 18 months following each patients initial ADHD pharmacological treatment. A medication possession ratio (MPR) was calculated by dividing the number of days supplied in a prescription by the number of days until the next prescription was filled. Compliance was defined as an MPR greater than0.8 and persistence as an MPR greater than0.3. RESULTS: The prevalence of diagnosed ADHD in this population was 0.7% (11,962 [2%] of children and 2,636 [0.2%] of adults) and incidence of ADHD was 0.04% (735 [0.1%] of children and 162 [0.01%] of adults). The most common comorbid psychiatric condition for incident cases was depression (31.6% of children and 63% of adults). Few children and adults switched their initial ADHD treatment agent, 11% and 12%, respectively. Dose titration occurred in 67% of children and 54% of adults. On average, changes in treatment (switching, titrating) took place after 2 to 3 months of treatment. Although patients, on average, obtained more than 6 refills for a total 200 days supply, the majority of patients (84% of children and 88% of adults) were compliant for less than 2 months over the period they were refilling prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS: Although the majority of patients had dosage changes, these changes typically occurred after several months of treatment. Results suggest that, even though patients continued their ADHD medication for several months, they did not consistently take medication for more than 2 months. Given these treatment patterns, pharmacologic treatment in newly treated ADHD patients may be suboptimal and may impact outcomes, including the effectiveness and cost of treatment.