Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multipotent stem/progenitor cells in human biliary tree give rise to hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and pancreatic islets

Multipotent stem/progenitors are present in peribiliary glands of extrahepatic biliary trees from humans of all ages and in high numbers in hepato‐pancreatic common duct, cystic duct, and hilum. They express endodermal transcription factors (e.g., Sox9, SOX17, FOXA2, PDX1, HES1, NGN3, PROX1) intranuclearly, stem/progenitor surface markers (EpCAM, NCAM, CD133, CXCR4), and sometimes weakly adult liver, bile duct, and pancreatic genes (albumin, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator [CFTR], and insulin). They clonogenically expand on plastic and in serum‐free medium, tailored for endodermal progenitors, remaining phenotypically stable as undifferentiated cells for months with a cell division initially every ≈36 hours and slowing to one every 2‐3 days. Transfer into distinct culture conditions, each comprised of a specific mix of hormones and matrix components, yields either cords of hepatocytes (express albumin, CYP3A4, and transferrin), branching ducts of cholangiocytes (expressing anion exchanger‐2‐AE2 and CFTR), or regulatable C‐peptide secreting neoislet‐like clusters (expressing glucagon, insulin) and accompanied by changes in gene expression correlating with the adult fate. Transplantation into quiescent livers of immunocompromised mice results in functional human hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, whereas if into fat pads of streptozocin‐induced diabetic mice, results in functional islets secreting glucose‐regulatable human C‐peptide. Conclusion: The phenotypes and availability from all age donors suggest that these stem/progenitors have considerable potential for regenerative therapies of liver, bile duct, and pancreatic diseases including diabetes. (HEPATOLOGY2011;)
This study into the perceptions of caregivers and people with aphasia following a course on total communication yielded promising results, but there are methodological concerns

Rautakoski, P. (2011). Training total communication. Aphasiology, 25(3), 344–365. http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/02687038.2010. 530671. Source of funding and disclosure of interest: This study was supported by grants from the Finnish Cultural Foundation; the original author of this research reports no conflicts of interest.
A simple effective heuristic for embedded mixed-integer quadratic programming

In this paper we propose a fast optimization algorithm for approximately minimizing convex quadratic functions over the intersection of affine and separable constraints (i.e., the Cartesian product of possibly nonconvex real sets). This problem class contains many NP-hard problems such as mixed-integer quadratic programming. Our heuristic is based on a variation of the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), an algorithm for solving convex optimization problems. We discuss the favorable computational aspects of our algorithm, which allow it to run quickly even on very modest computational platforms such as embedded processors. We give several examples for which an approximate solution should be found very quickly, such as management of a hybrid-electric vehicle drivetrain. Our numerical experiments suggest that our method is very effective in finding a feasible point with small objective value; indeed, we see that in many cases, it finds the global solution.
The social and private worlds of speech: Speech for inter- and intramental activity

During a study designed to examine the processes of learning English as an additional language as manifest in the interactive behaviour of small groups of bilingual school children playing specially designed board games, several instances of private speech were captured. Private speech is commonly described as speech addressed to the self for intramental purposes. Unlike many studies, this research was not specifically aimed at eliciting private speech. Indeed, the overtly social nature of game playing probably acted to limit the production of speech for intramental purposes. In effect, therefore, interest lies in the fact that private speech was produced within this context. The article presents an examination of the functions of the private speech produced and the consequences of such outward verbalisation within this interactive group activity. As a result, a heuristic model of the relationship between speech for social and private purposes is proposed.
Design and Simulation Low power SRAM Circuits

SRAMs), focusing on optimizing delay and power. As the scaling trends in the speed and power of SRAMs with size and technology and find that the SRAM delay scales as the logarithm of its size as long as the interconnect delay is negligible. Non-scaling of threshold mismatches with process scaling, causes the signal swings in the bitlines and data lines also not to scale, leading to an increase in the relative delay of an SRAM, across technology generations. Appropriate methods for reduction of power consumption were studied such as capacitance reduction, very low operating voltages, DC and AC current reduction and suppression of leakage currents to name a few. Many of reviewed techniques are applicable to other applications such as ASICs, DSPs, etc. Battery and solar- cell operation requires an operating voltage environment in low voltage area. These conditions demand new design approaches and more sophisticated concepts to retain high device reliability. The proposed techniques (USRS and LPRS) are topology based and hence easier to implement.
Examining the Future of Service-Learning: Three Recent Publications that Challenge the Current Paradigms

The author of this article reviewed three publications that framed provocative questions about the future of service-learning. Authors of the three publications openly considered changes necessary to advance service-learning and in doing so they raised issues such as inclusion of new voices in the conversation on service-learning in higher education; degree to which service-learning should be embedded in academic majors, minors, and interdisciplinary programs; and social and political forces shaping the future of service-learning.
Perceiving Affordances for Aperture Crossing for the Person-Plus-Object System

In 3 experiments we investigated perception of affordances for aperture crossing for the person-plus-object system. Perceivers wielded occluded hand-held objects and determined whether they would be able to carry those objects through an aperture of a particular size. The results suggest (a) perceivers are sensitive to this affordance both when the object is wielded but not visible and when the object is visible but not wielded, (b) perception of affordances for aperture crossing while carrying an object is constrained by the same higher order inertial variable that constrains perception of extent of a hand-held wielded object (Iij ), and (c) perceivers are sensitive to this affordance both when the shoulder width of the participant contributes to the width of the person-plus-object system and when it does not. In general, perceivers treat wielded objects as an extension of their bodies and are sensitive to affordances for the person-plus-object system.
Big data through cross-platform interest-based interactivity

Given the ubiquity of social media, we capitalized on interest-based relevance as a key component to enhance user experience. Interest-based relevance modeling was extracted from user interaction in a cross-platform social media Big Data repository. The goal of this study was twofold: first we addressed theoretical dilemmas of a cross-platform user experience; second, we implemented an android-based mobile application and designed a cloud architecture to account for theoretical parameters of Big Data User-centric approach and interactivity. To address cross-platform Big Data challenges, we relied on cloud computing to perform computationally intensive operations such as searching, data mining, and data processing at large scale. Our use case was based on a cross-platform interest-based navigation and content filtering across multiple radio content streams. The streams consisted of tags from radio stations' programming and social media content through a discovery process. User interaction was geared to enable preferred topic filtering, flexibly shifting participation roles, notifications, and navigation through external data sources. We tested our application on a list of popular radio stations and their social media content streams (including Facebook, Twitter, Google+) to generate a Big Data scenario. Even if diverse and nature, data stream traffic generated through a mobile application KASU has proven to be a robust Big Data source with a list of ad hoc user-centric applications.
D‐myo‐inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate 3‐kinase A is activated by receptor activation through a calcium:calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II phosphorylation mechanism

D‐myo‐inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] 3‐kinase, the enzyme responsible for production of D‐myo‐inositol 1,3,4,5‐tetrakisphosphate, was activated 3‐ to 5‐fold in homogenates of rat brain cortical slices after incubation with carbachol. The effect was reproduced in response to UTP in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells overexpressing Ins(1,4,5)P3 3‐kinase A, the major isoform present in rat and human neuronal cells. In ortho‐32P‐labelled cells, the phosphorylated 53 kDa enzyme could be identified after receptor activation by immunoprecipitation. The time course of phosphorylation was very similar to that observed for carbachol (or UTP)‐induced enzyme activation. Enzyme phosphorylation was prevented in the presence of okadaic acid. Calmodulin (CaM) kinase II inhibitors (i.e. KN‐93 and KN‐62) prevented phosphorylation of Ins(1,4,5)P3 3‐kinase. Identification of the phosphorylation site in transfected CHO cells indicated that the phosphorylated residue was Thr311. This residue of the human brain sequence lies in an active site peptide segment corresponding to a CaM kinase II‐mediated phosphorylation consensus site, i.e. Arg‐Ala‐Val‐Thr. The same residue in Ins(1,4,5)P3 3‐kinase A was also phosphorylated in vitro by CaM kinase II. Phosphorylation resulted in 8‐ to 10‐fold enzyme activation and a 25‐fold increase in sensitivity to the Ca2+:CaM complex. In this study, direct evidence is provided for a novel regulation mechanism for Ins(1,4,5)P3 3‐kinase (isoform A) in vitro and in intact cells.
Supersymmetric branes on AdS5 × Yp,q and their field theory duals

We systematically study supersymmetric embeddings of D-brane probes of different dimensionality in the AdS5 × Y p,q background of type IIB string theory. The main technique employed is the kappa symmetry of the probe's worldvolume theory. In the case of D3-branes, we recover the known three-cycles dual to the dibaryonic operators of the gauge theory and we also find a new family of supersymmetric embeddings. The BPS fluctuations of dibaryons are analyzed and shown to match the gauge theory results. Supersymmetric configurations of D5-branes, representing domain walls, and of spacetime filling D7-branes (which can be used to add flavor) are also found. We also study the baryon vertex and some other embeddings which break supersymmetry but are nevertheless stable.
La théorie de l'attachement : son importance dans un contexte pédiatrique

Les pediatres sont frequemment les premiers professionnels a observer les relations de soins precoces et leurs impacts dans le developpement de l’enfant. Les relations precoces de caregiving, leur formation, leur qualite et les questions de developpement associees se trouvent amplement inclues dans le cadre de l’evaluation pediatrique. Cet article presente une vision generale de la theorie et la recherche de l’attachement qui pourra etre utile comme grille de lecture de la qualite des soins et de l’organisation de la relation du bebe avec ses figures parentales. Nous decrirons les phases de developpement des relations d’attachement, et la maniere d’evaluer les facteurs influencant les variations dans l’organisation de l’attachement. Dans une perspective developpementale, la relation entre attachement et psychopathologie sera aussi exploree. Nous finirons par une breve revue des implications cliniques de la theorie de l’attachement pour l’exercice de la pediatrie.
Privacy-Preserving Matching of DNA Profiles

In the last years, DNA sequencing techniques have advanced to the point that DNA identification and paternity testing has become almost a commodi ty. Due to the critical nature of DNA related data, this causes substantial privacy issues. In this paper, we introduce cryptographic privacy enhancing protocols that allow to perform the most common DNAbased identity, paternity and ancestry tests and thus imple ment privacy-enhanced online genealogy services or research projects. In the semi-honest attacker model, the protocols guarantee that no sensitive information about the involved DNA is exposed, and are resilient against common forms of measurement errors during DNA sequencing. The protocols are practical and efficient, both in terms of communication and c omputation complexity.
Income Inequality Trends in the 1980s: A Five-Country Comparison

This paper compares recent developments in income inequality in Canada, Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In addition to descnbing cross- national variation in changes in income inequality, the paper examines different explana tory factors for these recent developments The findings reported indicate that there is substantial cross-national variation, not only with regard to the level of inequality, but furthermore with regard to changes in inequality. The results indicate that the equalizing effect of welfare state redistribution did not decrease in all countries By contrast, in all countries there was a universal tendency towards increased inequality in the pre-tax and transfer distribution, although the magnitude of the change differs from country to country. Even though a polarization of the earnings distribution is reported, the results still give no support to cross-national convergence with regard to income inequality during the 1980s.
Secure Computation of k-Anonymous Distributed Data

In a distributed environment, such as the World Wide Web, an individual leaves behind personal data at many different locations. To protect the privacy of an individual’s sensitive information, locations make separate releases of identifiable data ( e.g.name or social security number), and sensitive data ( e.g.visitor’s IP address). To the releasing location the data appears unlinkable, however, links can be established when multiple locations’ releases are available. This problem, known as trail re-identification, manifests when an individual’s location-visit patterns are reconstructed from, and linked between, sensitive and identifiable releases. In this paper, we present a protocol that enables locations to prevent trail re-identification without revealing identified or sensitive data. Instead, locations communicate encrypted versions of their datasets, such that decrypted data is never revealed until completion of the protocol. Via the protocol, every piece of sensitive data, released from any set of locations, is guaranteed to be equally relatable to at least k identities, or isk-anonymous.
A Dynamic Analysis of Educational Attainment.

This paper traces the educational attainment experiences of a cohort of young men in the Pacific Northwest between the ages of 16 and 31. The experiences of this cohort reveal that a college degree is the net result of movement through a complex series of steps. We traced the movement of the cohort through these steps andfound that completion of a college degree and graduate school attendance required success at every stage in the process. In other words, though early academic success did not assure later success, early academic failure strongly predicted later failure. Rosenbaum (1976) compared this process to a single-elimination tournament. However, unlike Rosenbaum, we found that early academic losers did not abandon educational pursuits but continued to struggle. Education is not a tournament; once out, an individual does not necessarily stay out. At least some unsuccessful students work their way back into the success flow and attain high levels of education.
Symptom presentation and outcome of cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Previous researchers have classified obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients by the themes of their obsessions and compulsions (e.g., washing, checking); however, mental compulsions have not been adequately assessed in these studies. The authors conducted 2 studies using a large sample of OCD patients (N=132). In the 1st study, they categorized patients on the basis of symptom presentation, giving adequate consideration to mental compulsions. Five patient clusters were identified: harming, contamination, hoarding, unacceptable thoughts, and symmetry. Mental compulsions were most prevalent among patients with intrusive, upsetting religious, violent, or sexual thoughts. In the 2nd study, they compared response to cognitive-behavioral therapy across symptom categories, finding poorer outcomes among patients with hoarding symptoms compared with those with other symptom themes.
Neurally mediated syncope

The dominant feature of neurally mediated syncope (NMS) is loss of consciousness resulting from hypotension, alone or with bradycardia. The causes of NMS have been debated for sixty years and are still not fully understood; it is accepted that there may not be an identifiable physical or psychologic stressor that triggers NMS. Increased availability of certain procedures, such as head-up tilt study and long-term ambulatory event monitoring, provides an opportunity to diagnose NMS more accurately. A case study shows that effective treatment and control of syncope gives patients confidence and independence.
The ‘Anti-politics machine’ in India: Depoliticisation through local institution building for participatory watershed development

Abstract This article investigates the rationale and implications of creating non-elected community-based bodies for India's national watershed development programme in 1994. A discourse of depoliticisation is in use to justify the creation of ‘apolitical’ watershed committees in contrast to ‘political’ panchayats, ostensibly unsuitable for participatory development for their embodiment of political contestation and vested interests. The discourse masks conflicts between key actors in India's development process and is highly malleable, acquiring pertinent meanings in specific contexts. Case-study evidence from two project villages in a south Indian district shows that the attempt to depoliticise this programme of panchayat politics fails, but sets up the ground for depoliticisation of another sort, by distancing watershed project spaces from pro-poor progressive politics.
The Use of the Concept of Ecological Networks in Nature Conservation Policies and Planning Practices

Abstract The concept of Ecological Networks is popular in nature conservation policies. This paper reflects on advantages and disadvantages of using this concept in planning and realizing ecological ambitions. It focuses on how the concept is variously interpreted and used by different people. A case study on the Ecological Network and its users in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands shows that concepts can be useful for promoting ideas and uniting people. However, the use of a concept can also lead to misleading consensus and hidden responsibilities, which can frustrate the implementation of the Ecological Networks.
Prediction of Symptom-Disease Links in Online Health Forums

Social networks are structures that are used to model complex networks in different environments. The desire of reaching useful information by studying complex networks has made social network analysis an important research topic today. One of the most interesting subjects of social network analysis is link prediction. It estimates potential future connections by using the current state of the network. In this study, link prediction is made in bipartite graphs which is one of the social network structures. For this study, the network is first constructed with question and advise (generally disease) made on online health forum sites. Online health forum is a place where user can get his/her medical questions answered by real health professionals and other forum members. Then, symptoms of diseases are obtained by analyzing questions on online forum sites. Thus, a bipartite network consisting of questions and diseases corresponding to the obtained symptom data is constructed. In this network, link prediction has been made with internal links method. The results of the method have been compared with four of the other link prediction methods and it was found that this method has better performance than the other methods.
Schools as Team-Based Organizations: A Structure-Process-Outcomes Approach

The present study addressed the issue of teams in schools and the ways in which they contribute to school effectiveness. Specifically, the present research suggested an input (frequency of meetings and functional heterogeneity)–process (interaction processes of exchanging information, learning, motivating, and negotiating)– outcome (team performance and innovation) model for predicting school effectiveness. Two hundred twentyfour school teams (including team coordinators, team members, and school principals) were surveyed. The results indicated that, regarding team innovation, frequency of meetings and functional heterogeneity were positively associated with the 4 interaction processes, which in turn fostered team innovation. However, regarding team performance, the results indicated that only frequency of meetings was positively associated with the interaction process of exchanging information, which in turn enhanced team performance. The findings serve to draw important theoretical and practical conclusions as to the best ways to structure schools and to improve their interaction processes for the enhancement of team performance and team innovation.
Loss of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein-1 Expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma Reveals a Critical Tumor Suppressor Function

In this issue of Clinical Cancer Research , Gumz et al. report on the loss of secreted frizzled-related protein-1 (sFRP-1) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC; ref. [1][1]). sFRP-1 is a member of a family of proteins that bind Wnts and can inhibit Wnt signaling during embryonic development and
Assessing the Effects of New Primate Exhibits on Zoo Visitors' Attitudes and Perceptions by Using Three Different Assessment Methods

ABSTRACT Using three different methods, this study investigated how zoo visitors behaved in response to both old and new exhibits of four nonhuman primate species and how they perceived these primates. On-site observations showed that zoo visitors were more likely to stop in front of new exhibits and spend more time viewing new exhibits compared with old exhibits. Response to an on-site questionnaire also showed that zoo visitors perceived primates in the new exhibits more positively than the same animals in the old exhibits. The results from these two types of local assessment indicate that the attractiveness and holding power of the new exhibits was greater than that of the old. However, the results of a questionnaire given to zoo visitors on leaving the zoo showed that the preference ranks of the visitors for the four primate species did not increase after the new exhibits were established, indicating that the new exhibits did not change the zoo visitors' perception of primates relative to other zoo animals. Using all three assessment methods appears to be of considerable value for the assessment of visitors' perceptions towards new exhibits in terms of both the immediate locality and the zoo as a whole.