Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy mega cluster based anomaly network intrusion detection

Most of the anomaly based techniques produce vast number of alert messages that include a large percentage of false alarms. One of the widely used technique for anomaly intrusion detection systems (IDS) is cluster analysis. In cluster based IDS, feature vectors generated from network traffic are grouped into clusters as normal or abnormal (raising alert). The main cause for false alert generation is either, technique fails to differentiate an outlier from a genuine cluster point or the features extracted fail to separate the two classes. In this work, fuzzy clustering technique for anomaly intrusion detection has been explored to reduce the false alarms. A technique to robustify the existing fuzzy c-means algorithm is proposed and subsequently used as anomaly IDS.
The L 2 F Broadcast News Speech Recognition System

Broadcast news play an important role in our lives providing access to news, information and entertainment. The existence of an automatic transcription is an important medium that not only can provide subtitles for inclusion of people with special needs or be an advantage on noisy and populated environments, but also because it enables data search and retrieve capabilities over the multimedia streams. In this work we will describe and evaluate the automatic speech recognition systems developed for two Iberian languages, European Portuguese and Spanish and also for Brazilian Portuguese, African Portuguese and English. The developed systems are fully automatic and capable to subtitling in real-time Broadcast News stream with a very small delay.
PCAR: Parallelism Based Cache Replacement Scheme to Exploit Inter-disks Parallelism and Intra-disk Spatial Locality in Parallel Disk Array

For parallel disk array systems, the parallelism among disks is the key factor influencing the performance and the scale of systems. Unfortunately, the parallelism of cached blocks is largely ignored by cache management schemes that focus on reducing the number of cache misses. Therefore, the performance of parallel disks array systems for workloads with a skew access pattern can be seriously degraded. To solve this problem, we propose a Parallelism based Cache Replacement scheme (PCAR) for parallel disks array systems, which can exploit both of the inter-disks parallelism and the intra-disk spatial locality. We have implemented the prototype of PCAR algorithm in Linux 2.6. 18. And, the experimental results show that PCAR outperforms DULO and LRU by up to 22.8% and 33.1% in terms of the average response time, and by up to 20% and 43.9% in terms of throughput.
Hippocampal subfield and medial temporal cortical persistent activity during working memory reflects ongoing encoding

Previous neuroimaging studies support a role for the medial temporal lobes in maintaining novel stimuli over brief working memory (WM) delays, and suggest delay period activity predicts subsequent memory. Additionally, slice recording studies have demonstrated neuronal persistent spiking in entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex (PrC), and hippocampus (CA1, CA3, subiculum). These data have led to computational models that suggest persistent spiking in parahippocampal regions could sustain neuronal representations of sensory information over many seconds. This mechanism may support both WM maintenance and encoding of information into long term episodic memory. The goal of the current study was to use high-resolution fMRI to elucidate the contributions of the MTL cortices and hippocampal subfields to WM maintenance as it relates to later episodic recognition memory. We scanned participants while they performed a delayed match to sample task with novel scene stimuli, and assessed their memory for these scenes post-scan. We hypothesized stimulus-driven activation that persists into the delay period—a putative correlate of persistent spiking—would predict later recognition memory. Our results suggest sample and delay period activation in the parahippocampal cortex (PHC), PrC, and subiculum (extending into DG/CA3 and CA1) was linearly related to increases in subsequent memory strength. These data extend previous neuroimaging studies that have constrained their analysis to either the sample or delay period by modeling these together as one continuous ongoing encoding process, and support computational frameworks that predict persistent activity underlies both WM and episodic encoding.
Selective maintenance of recombination between the sex chromosomes

A hallmark of many sex chromosomes is the dramatically reduced rate of recombination between them in the heterogametic sex (e.g. between the X and Y). Sexually antagonistic selection is thought to be the main selective driver of this reduced recombination, with tighter linkage strengthening the association between alleles favourable to females and the X, as well as alleles favourable to males and the Y. Nevertheless, many sex chromosomes retain substantial levels of recombination over millions of years, and some old sex chromosomes remain homomorphic with few signs of recombination suppression and the chromosomal degradation expected to follow. This paper explores the selective factors that can maintain recombination between the sex chromosomes. Specifically, by analysing the dynamics of genes that modify the rate of recombination, I present results demonstrating that certain forms of selection – all involving overdominance in males – can positively maintain recombination in the pseudo‐autosomal region. To understand these cases, one has to revise our standard view of sexual antagonistic selection as involving two partners (males and females) to three partners (the X in females, the X in males and the Y).
Intuitive Interaction Applied to Interface Design

Intuitive interaction involves utilising knowledge gained through other products or experience(s). Therefore, products that people use intuitively are those with features they have encountered before. This position has been supported by experimental studies. The findings suggest that relevant past experience is transferable between products, and probably also between contexts, and performance is affected by a person’s level of familiarity with similar technologies. Appearance (shape, size and labelling of features) seems to be the variable that most affects time on task and intuitive uses. Using familiar labels and icons and possibly positions for buttons helps people to use a product quickly and intuitively the first time they encounter it. Three principles have been developed to help designers develop interfaces which are intuitive to use. Principle one; use familiar symbols and/or words for well-known functions, put them in a familiar or expected position and make the function comparable with similar functions users have seen before. Principles one involves utilizing existing features, labels or icons that users have seen before in similar products that perform the same function. This is the simplest level of applying intuitive use. Principle two; make it obvious what less well-known functions will do by using familiar things as metaphors to demonstrate their function. Principle two requires the use of metaphor to make something completely new familiar by relating it to something already existing. Principle three; increase consistency so that function, location and appearance of features are consistent between different parts of the design and throughout each part. Principle three allows users to apply the same knowledge and metaphors across all parts of the interface. The implications and application of these principles are discussed in the context of the design of function, location and appearance of product and interface features. Applying these principles will allow designers to draw on users past experience in order to develop products which facilitate intuitive interaction and ready acceptance of new technologies.
How Domestic and Foreign Firms Differ and Why Does it Matter?

This paper reviews and summarises the results of selected studies on performance gaps between multinational enterprises and their domestic counterparts. Performance gaps arise in such fields as productivity, technology, profitability, wages, skills and growth. While these gaps are often attributed to foreign ownership of the affiliates, the theory of the Multinational Enterprise argues that these gaps are due to being a Multinational rather than the nationality of the firm. Empirical evidence on the existence of performance gaps between foreign and domestic firms is supportive of this view: foreign ownership turns out to be a much less important explanatory factor than normally assumed. Firm-specific assets and firm characteristics like industry, size, parent country and multinationality per se are more important. Such results are broadly consistent with those derived in the literatures on ownership change, on foreign entry and on spillovers. We conclude that there is little case for foreign direct investment promotion policies to discriminate between firms on the basis of ownership.
Accidental introductions are an important source of invasive plants in the continental United States.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Preventing new plant invasions is critical for reducing large-scale ecological change. Most studies have focused on the deliberate introduction of nonnatives via the ornamental plant trade. However, accidental introduction may be an important source of nonnative, invasive plants. METHODS Using Web and literature searches, we compiled pathways of introduction to the United States for 1112 nonnative plants identified as invasive in the continental United States. We assessed how the proportion of accidentally and deliberately introduced invasive plants varies over time and space and by growth habit across the lower 48 states. KEY RESULTS Deliberate introductions of ornamentals are the primary source of invasive plants in the United States, but accidental introductions through seed contaminants are an important secondary source. Invasive forbs and grasses are the most likely to have arrived accidentally through seed contaminants, while almost all nonnative, invasive trees were introduced deliberately. Nonnative plants invading eastern states primarily arrived deliberately as ornamentals, while a high proportion of invasive plants in western states arrived accidentally as seed contaminants. Accidental introductions may be increasing in importance through time. Before 1850, 10 of 89 (11%) of invasive plants arrived accidentally. After 1900, 20 of 65 (31%) arrived accidentally. CONCLUSIONS Recently enacted screening protocols and weed risk assessments aim to reduce the number of potentially invasive species arriving to the United States via deliberate introduction pathways. Increasing proportions of accidentally introduced invasive plants, particularly associated with contaminated seed imports across the western states, suggest that accidental introduction pathways also need to be considered in future regulatory decisions.
A constraints-led approach

For the last 25 years, a constraints-based framework has helped to inform the way that many sport scientists seek to understand performance, learning design and the development of expertise and talent in sport. The Constraints-Led Approach: Principles for Sports Coaching and Practice Design provides students and practitioners with the theoretical knowledge required to implement constraints-led approaches in their work. Seeking to bridge the divide between theory and practice, the book sets out an ‘environment design framework’, including practical tools and guidance for the application of the framework in coaching and skill acquisition settings. It includes chapters on constraints-led approaches in golf, athletics and hockey, and provides applied reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students of motor learning, skill acquisition and developing sport expertise. Providing a thorough grounding in the theory behind constraints-led approaches to skill acquisition, and a foundational cornerstone in the Routledge Studies in Constraints-Based Methodologies in Sport series, this is a vital pedagogical resource for students and practising sports coaches, physical education teachers and sport scientists alike.
Excitatory GABA Responses in Embryonic and Neonatal Cortical Slices Demonstrated by Gramicidin Perforated-Patch Recordings and Calcium Imaging

Gramicidin perforated-patch-clamp recordings in brain slices were used to obtain an accurate assessment of the developmental change in the GABAA receptor reversal potential (EGABAA) in embryonic and early postnatal rat neocortical cells including neuroepithelial precursor cells, cortical plate neurons, and postnatal neocortical neurons. Our results demonstrate that there is a progressive negative shift inEGABAA, with the most positive values found in the youngest cortical precursor cells. At the early stages of neocortical development,EGABAA is determined by the chloride (Cl−) gradient, and the internal chloride concentration ([Cl−]i) decreases with development.EGABAA is positive to the resting potential, indicating that GABA serves to depolarize developing neocortical cells. Consistent with this conclusion, GABAAreceptor activation with muscimol was found to increase the internal calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in both embryonic and early postnatal neocortical cells through the activation of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). Postnatal cells exhibit spontaneous postsynaptic synaptic currents, which are eliminated by bicuculline methiodide (BMI) but not glutamate receptor antagonists and reverse at the Cl− equilibrium potential. Likewise, brief spontaneous increases in [Ca2+]i, sensitive to BMI and TTX, are observed at the same ages, suggesting that endogenous synaptic GABAA receptor activation can depolarize cells and activate VGCCs. These results suggest that GABAA receptor-mediated depolarization may influence early neocortical developmental events, including neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, through the activation of Ca2+-dependent signal transduction pathways.
Rational Homotopy Calculus of Functors

This is a (slightly edited) version of the PhD dissertation of the author, submitted to Brown University in July 2005. We construct a homotopy calculus of functors in the sense of Goodwillie for the categories of rational homotopy theory. More precisely, given a homotopy functor between any of the categories of differential graded vector spaces (DG), reduced differential graded vector spaces, differential graded Lie algebras (DGL), and differential graded coalgebras (DGC), we show that there is an associated approximating "rational Taylor tower" of excisive functors. The fibers in this tower are homogeneous functors which factor as homogeneous endomorphisms of the category of differential graded vector spaces. Furthermore, we develop very straightforward and simple models for all of the objects in this tower. Constructing these models entails first building very simple models for homotopy pushouts and pullbacks in the categories DG, DGL, and DGC. We end with a short example of the usefulness of our computationally simple models for rational Taylor towers, as well as a preview of some further results dealing with the structure of rational (and non-rational) Taylor towers.
Interaction between Macroeconomics Variables and IBOVESPA, the Brazilian Stock Market's Index

Abstracts This paper analyzes the relations between macroeconomic variables and the Brazilian stock market index, the Ibovespa, from January of 2001 to December of 2011, using a Vector Error Correction model (VEC). The main results showed that the Ibovespa reacts negatively to impulses in the exchange rate, interest rate differential and variations in the Selic rate. Results also showed positive reaction to the price index IPCA. Furthermore, an important result was achieved from the decomposition analysis of the variance. This showed that the interest rate differential reflects the perception of risk by foreign investors, which explains the considerable variation in the Ibovespa index during that period.
Risk-adjusted Joint Optimization of Base-stock Levels and Component Allocation in an ATO System with Returns

We consider a multi-component, multi-product, periodic-review (re)assemble-to-order (RATO) system that uses an independent base-stock policy for the inventory replenishment of the components. At the beginning of each period, end-of-lease cores are returned. Because the quality of cores is random, they are tested, graded, and sorted into four pre-specified quality levels. Then, the random, jointly and continuously distributed demands for the products are realized. In our problem, partial fulfillment is not allowed. Furthermore, the system quotes a predetermined response time window for each product, and it penalizes the system if the demand is not satisfied within its time window. We model this problem through a risk-adjusted two-stage stochastic programming problem, where the first-stage decisions are the base-stock levels for all components, and the second-stage decisions are the allocations of components to different products. The risk adjustment is formulated through a chance constraint, which is then replaced by a conditional value-at-risk constraint. We solve the resulting problem through the sample average approximation method combined with the L-shaped method. We also present some encouraging numerical results.
Cultural Isnfluence on the Personality of the Lake Vitoria Region’s Community of Kenya.

The conceptualization of culture is by no means a simple matter. One possible way to think about culture is that “culture is to society what memory is to individuals. It includes what has worked in the experience of a society, so that it is worth transmitting to future generations. A useful idea such as how to fish is adopted by more and more people to become a culture. Thre are three distinguished kinds of culture: Metaculture, Evoked culture, and Epidemiology culture. The biology that has been common to all humans as a species distinguishable from other species, results in a “metaculture” that corresponds to panhuman mental contents and organization. Biology in different ecologies results in “evoked culture” such as hot climate leads to light clothing. Which reflects the domain of specific mechanisms that are triggered by local circumstances, and leads to within-group similarities and between-groups differences. This can be described as epidemiological culture. Elements of culture are shared standard operating procedures, unstated assumptions, tools, norms, values, habits about sampling the environment, and the like. Because perception and cognition depend on the information that is sampled from the environment and are fundamental psychological processes. This culturally influenced sampling of information is of particular interest to human beings. Cultures develop conventions for sampling information and determine how much to weigh the sampled elements from the environment. For example, people in hierarchical cultures are more likely to sample clues about hierarchy than clues about aesthetics. People in individualist culture, such those of North and Western Europe and North America, sample with high probability elements of personal self e.g. I am busy, I am kind etc. People from collectivist culture such as those from Asia, Africa, and South America, tend to sample mostly elements of the self e.g. my family thinks I am too busy, my co-workers think I am kind. All these kind of behavior or trends are imposed on people b y culture which then becomes their way of life.
Differential GABAergic and Glycinergic Inputs of Inhibitory Interneurons and Purkinje Cells to Principal Cells of the Cerebellar Nuclei

The principal neurons of the cerebellar nuclei (CN), the sole output of the olivo-cerebellar system, receive a massive inhibitory input from Purkinje cells (PCs) of the cerebellar cortex. Morphological evidence suggests that CN principal cells are also contacted by inhibitory interneurons, but the properties of this connection are unknown. Using transgenic, tracing, and immunohistochemical approaches in mice, we show that CN interneurons form a large heterogeneous population with GABA/glycinergic phenotypes, distinct from GABAergic olive-projecting neurons. CN interneurons are found to contact principal output neurons, via glycine receptor (GlyR)-enriched synapses, virtually devoid of the main GABA receptor (GABAR) subunits α1 and γ2. Those clusters account for 5% of the total number of inhibitory receptor clusters on principal neurons. Brief optogenetic stimulations of CN interneurons, through selective expression of channelrhodopsin 2 after viral-mediated transfection of the flexed gene in GlyT2-Cre transgenic mice, evoked fast IPSCs in principal cells. GlyR activation accounted for 15% of interneuron IPSC amplitude, while the remaining current was mediated by activation of GABAR. Surprisingly, small GlyR clusters were also found at PC synapses onto principal CN neurons in addition to α1 and γ2 GABAR subunits. However, GlyR activation was found to account for <3% of the PC inhibitory synaptic currents evoked by electrical stimulation. This work establishes CN glycinergic neurons as a significant source of inhibition to CN principal cells, forming contacts molecularly distinct from, but functionally similar to, Purkinje cell synapses. Their impact on CN output, motor learning, and motor execution deserves further investigation.
Thermodynamic Stability of Gadolinia-Doped Ceria Thin Film Electrolytes for Micro-Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Next-generation micro-solid oxide fuel cells for portable devices require nanocrystalline thin-film electrolytes in order to allow fuel cell fabrication on chips at a low operation temperature and with high power outputs. In this study, nanocrystalline gadolinia-doped ceria (Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9� x) thin-film electrolytes are fabricated and their electrical conductivity and thermodynamic stability are evaluated with respect to microstructure. Nanocrystalline gadolinia-doped ceria thin-film material (Ce0.8Gd0.2 O1.9� x) exhibits a larger amount of defects due to strain in the film than state-of-the-art microcrystalline bulk material. This strain in the film decreases the ionic conductivity of this ionic O 2� conductor. The thermodynamic stability of a nanocrystalline ceria solid solution with 65 nm grain size is reduced compared with microcrystalline material with 3–5 lm grain size. Nanocrystalline spray-pyrolyzed and PLD Ce0.8Gd0. 2O1.9� x thin films with average grain sizes larger than 70 nm show predominantly ionic conductivity for temperatures lower than 7001C, which is high enough to be potentially used as electrolytes in low to intermediate-temperature micro-solid oxide fuel cells.
Iterative Resource Allocation for Maximizing Weighted Sum Min-Rate in Downlink Cellular OFDMA Systems

This paper considers the downlink of a cellular orthogonal frequency division multi-access (OFDMA) system, in which multiple base stations (BSs) are coordinated by a centralized resource allocation algorithm. We address the problem of maximizing the weighted sum of the minimal user rates (WSMR) of coordinated cells subject to a total power constraint at each BS, in terms of jointly optimizing coordinated BSs' subcarrier and power allocation. In particular, the solution of this problem corresponds to a resource allocation that guarantees similar rates to all users in each cell. An iterative algorithm is proposed to optimize the subcarrier allocation and the power allocation alternatively, so that the WSMR keeps increasing until convergence. In each iteration, the subcarrier allocation is updated by solving a mixed integer linear program for each cell, while the power allocation is updated by solving a successive set of convex optimization problems with a duality-based numerical algorithm. The effectiveness of the algorithm is illustrated by numerical experiments.