Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CONTROL AND CORRECTION

THE MOST COMMONLY USED METHODS OF PREVENTION AND CORREC- TION OF LANDSLIDES ARE: (1) AVOIDANCE, (2) EXCAVATION, (3) DRAINAGE, (4) RESTRAINING STRUCTURES, AND (5) MISCELLANEOUS. THE THREE BASIC TYPES OF LANDSLIDE MOVEMENT ARE FALLS, SLIDES, AND FLOWS. MOST FALLS ARE CORRECTED BY ONE OR A COMBINATION OF THE FOLLOWOING METHODS: RELOCATION, FLATTEN- ING THE SLOPES, BENCHING THE SLOPES, AND SURFACE DRAINAGE. THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF CORRECTIVE MEASURES ARE RECOMMENDED FOR USE IN THE CORRECTION OF SLIDES: (1) RELOCATION, (2) EX- CAVATION BY REMOVAL OF THE HEAD, FLATTENING OF SLOPES, BENCHING OF SLOPES, OR COMPLETE REMOVAL, (3) SURFACE DRAIN- AGE BY OPEN DITCHES, RECREATING THE SURFACE, OR SEALING OF SURFACE CRACK, (4) SUBDRAINAGE BY HORIZONTAL DRAINAGE, DRAINAGE TRENCHES, OR TUNNELS, (5) ROCK AND EARTH BUTTRESES AT THE FOOT, (6) CRIBS AND RETAINING WALLS, (7) PILING, AND (8) BLASTING. ALL OF THESE METHODS, EXCEPT RELOCATION CAN BE USED TO STOP MASS MOVEMENT. THE FOLLOWING TECHNIQUES ARE USED MOST FREQUENTLY FOR CONTROL OF FLOW MOVEMENTS: (1) RELOCATION, (2) EXCAVATION BY FLATTENING, BENCHING THE SLOPES, AND COMPLETE REMOVAL, (3) SURFACE DRAINAGE BY OPEN DITCHES, REGRADING SURFACE AND SEALING SURFACE CRACKS, AND (4) SUBDRAINAGE BY HORIZONTAL DRAINS AND BY TRENCHES. A BRIEF SUMMARY IS PRESENTED OF THE EFFECT OF THE RELATIVE POSITION OF THE STRUCTURE ON THE ECONOMICS OF THE VARIOUS CORRECTIVE TREATMENTS. DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS ARE PRESENTED OF THE VARIOUS METHODS OF CONTROL AND CORRECTION. MISCELLANEOUS METHODS PRESENTED ARE HARDENING OF THE SIDE MATERIAL BY VARIOUS METHODS, BLASTING, AND PARTIAL REMOVAL OF TOE. NONE OF THESE TECHNIQUES IS VERY WIDELY USED, AND SOME ARE USED ONLY PROVINCIALLY. HOWEVER, ALL HAVE PROVED SUCCESSFUL IN SOME PLACES. APPROPRIATE WARNING DEVICES INDICATING THAT SLIDES HAVE OCCURRED OR ARE IN PROGRESS ARE DESCRIBED.
Does the market value “green” companies? Evidence from Indonesia

Financial reporting is important for disclosing crucial information that shows the financial activities and performance of a business. Environmental disclosure in the annual report will enable investors and other interested parties to make informed judgments about the efficiency and impact of managers' sustainability decisions and actions. The aim of this study is to knowledge whether the stock market value the company that are of environmental, by performance and self-disclosure. This study makes significant contributions to the literature in several aspects. First, this is the first study to empirically examine the value relevance of 2 types of non-financial performance that use evidence from Indonesia Stock Market, to the best of our knowledge prior study only use one types of environmental reputation, performance or disclosure itself. This study uses the Ohlson modification model, however, the price model developed by Ohlson in this study modified by adding environmental information as other information that is expected to affect share prices. The results of this study are that environmental performance is value relevant to share prices, which shows that environmental performance influence investors in positive side. Whereas sustainability report disclosure shows different results, the effect is negative towards share prices, these results indicate that companies with high levels of sustainability report disclosure are not highly valued by investors. This can be caused by investors lack of understanding the importance of sustainable companies.
Heartwood Relationship with Stem Diameter in Pinus canariensis Plantations of Gran Canaria, Spain

The development of stem heartwood and the factors that control it play an important role in tree physiology, thereby impacting demographic and ecological processes of woody species. We investigated the relationships of stem heartwood with site- and tree-level variables in Pinus canariensis plantations. A total of 30 plots were sampled in the island of Gran Canaria, Spain, over a large elevation range (995–1875 m) and on terrain with different slopes (4%–70%) and exposures. The 15 pines closest to each plot center were measured and cored to quantify growth rates and the size of heartwood, also known as “tea”. We used generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to account for both fixed and random effects while evaluating the best predictors of heartwood presence. Stem diameter was the variable most correlated with heartwood radius, and allowing for a random slope and intercept of this relationship accounted for spatially related variability. Furthermore, the GLMM model became more effective when the relationship between stem diameter and heartwood was modeled using the presence/absence of the “tea” rather than its measured size. Other site- and tree-level variables either were not statistically significant or improved the model relatively little. Because stem heartwood affects both wood quality and the amount of carbon that trees can store, our findings have implications for forest management and carbon-conscious policies.
Proton acceleration at tearing coronal null-point current sheets

Context. Non-thermal particle acceleration in the solar corona is thought to constitute a substantial part of the energy budget of explosive events such as solar flares. One well-established mechanism of non-thermal acceleration is directly via fields in current sheets. Aims. In this paper we study proton acceleration during “spine-fan reconnection” at a 3D magnetic null point. This type of reconnection has recently been implicated in some flares known as circular-ribbon flares. It has also recently been discovered that the reconnecting current sheet may undergo a non-linear tearing-type instability. This tearing leads to the formation of flux ropes and quasi-turbulent dynamics. Methods. A predictor-corrector test particle code is used to model the trajectories of protons at different stages of sheet tearing: when the sheet is intact, just after the formation of the first major flux rope, and once the non-linear phase of the instability has become more fully developed. The fields for these proton trajectories were taken from snapshots of a 3D magnetohydrodynamics simulation treated as three static field geometries represented by interpolated grids. Acceleration in the intact current sheet is compared to earlier simulations of infinite static current sheets and then used as a control case with which to compare the later snapshots. Results. Protons are found to be predominantly accelerated along the fan surface, especially in the absence of current sheet tearing. Most of the highest energy protons are accelerated in the main body of the current sheet, along the direction of strongest parallel electric field. A high energy tail is present in the kinetic energy distribution. After tearing commences, this direct acceleration no longer dominates and acceleration in the outflow regions makes a proportionally greater contribution. Sheet tearing appears overall to hinder the acceleration of protons in the fan plane, at least in the absence of time-dependent acceleration mechanisms. Some correlation is found between high energy protons and locations of flux ropes formed by the instability, but the nature of the link remains at present unclear.
Quaternary Dating Methods

Preface. 1 Introduction to Quaternary Dating. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 The development of Quaternary dating. 1.3 Precision and accuracy in dating. 1.4 Atomic structure, radioactivity and radiometric dating. 1.5 The Quaternary: stratigraphic framework and terminology. 1.6 The scope and content of the book. Notes. 2 Radiometric Dating 1: Radiocarbon Dating. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Basic principles. 2.3 Radiocarbon measurement. 2.4 Sources of error in radiocarbon dating. 2.5 Some problematic dating materials. 2.6 Calibration of the radiocarbon timescale. 2.7 Applications of radiocarbon dating. Notes. 3 Radiometric Dating 2: Dating using Long-lived and Short-lived Isotopes. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Potassium argon and Argon argon dating. 3.3 Uranium series dating. 3.4 Cosmogenic nuclide dating. 3.5 Dating using short-lived isotopes. Notes. 4 Radiometric Dating 3: Radiation Exposure Dating. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Luminescence dating. 4.3 Electron spin resonance dating. 4.4 Fission track dating. Notes. 5 Dating using Annually-Banded Records 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Dendrochronology. 5.3 Varve chronology. 5.4 Lichenometry. 5.5 Annual layers in glacier ice. 5.6 Other media dated by annual banding. Notes. 6 Relative Dating Methods. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Rock surface weathering. 6.3 Obsidian hydration dating. 6.4 Pedogenesis. 6.5 Relative dating of fossil bone. 6.6 Amino-acid geochronology. Notes. 7 Techniques for Establishing Age Equivalence. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Oxygen isotope chronstratigraphy. 7.3 Tephrochronology. 7.4 Palaeomagnetism. 7.5 Palaeosols. Notes. 8 Dating the future 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Radiometric dating. 8.3 Annually-banded records. 8.4 Age Equivalence. 8.5 Biomolecular dating. Notes. References. Index.
Feature Extraction for Pose Estimation. A Comparison Between Synthetic and Real IR Imagery

Abstract : This research addressed the problem of pose estimation of three- dimensional objects given their two-dimensional IR imagery and corresponding synthetic (computer-generated) IR imagery. Features and techniques were investigated to find those which may be extendable from computer models to real- world IR imagery. GTSIG and SCNGEN were used to create the synthetic imagery. Silhouette and outline shape moments were explored as optimum features for the comparison. Employing back-propagation with momentum as the training paradigm, a two-hidden-layer neural network was able to determine the base-plane orientation of the synthetic imagery to within 7.5 degrees with better than 90% accuracy. (No conclusive results were obtained from comparison with real-world IR imagery. ) Additionally, the use of object hot spots relative to object height-to-width ratio is briefly discussed as an alternative feature/technique. (Author)
The overall and domain-specific quality of life of Chinese community-dwelling older adults: the role of intrinsic capacity and disease burden

Objective This study aimed to investigate the impact of the different domains of intrinsic capacity (IC) and chronic disease burden on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and domain-specific HRQoL in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. Design A cross-sectional observational study of a community-based cohort. Participants We evaluated Chinese older adults (n = 429, mean age, 72.91 ± 7.014 years; female proportion, 57.30%). Measurements IC contains five domains, namely locomotion, vitality, cognition, psychological, and sensory capacity. Locomotion dysfunction was defined as grip and/or gait decline. Vitality decline was defined if two of the following three parameters were present: fatigue, physical inactivity, and weight loss or overweight. Cognition was classified into normal cognition, pre-mild cognitive impairment (pre-MCI), and MCI according to the normative z-scores of the neuropsychological test battery. Psychological dysfunction was diagnosed based on depressive symptoms. Sensory dysfunction was defined as hearing and/or vision impairment. HRQoL was assessed using the AQoL-8D scale, which comprised physical (including independent living, senses, and pain) and psychosocial (including mental health, happiness, self-worth, coping, and relationships) dimensions. Low HRQoL (HRQoL score or subscores in the highest quintile) was used as a dependent variable in logistic regression analyses adjusted for demographic, health-related, and psychological confounders. Results Sensory impairment was an independent determinant of senses, and locomotion impairment was significantly associated with overall HRQoL, independent living, and pain in the physical dimension of HRQoL. Cognition was an independent determinant of the senses. Vitality was independently associated with overall HRQoL, senses, and pain in the physical dimension and mental health and relationships in the psychological dimension of HRQoL. The psychological domain of IC was independently associated with overall and domain-specific HRQoL apart from senses after adjustment for all confounders. The number of multimorbidities mainly had a significant impact on independent living after adjustment for all confounders. Conclusion IC domains and chronic disease burden had heterogeneous influences on overall and domain-specific HRQoL. The impairment of sensory and locomotion domains had a synergistic impact on the overall and physical dimensions of HRQoL. The vitality and psychological domains of IC had more profound effects on HRQoL. Older people with high morbidity might have a higher risk of poor independent living.
Victoria’s Energy Transition using n Bottom Line Analysis

To achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, Australia must decarbonise the energy sector and other sectors. The 'energy transition' is driven by policy-led construction of renewable infrastructure and regulation changes. However, no holistic analysis of the path forward currently exists. This research aims to develop a clear plan for Victoria's energy transition by evaluating three scenarios. A Business as Usual (BAU) scenario is compared against two alternative solutions. The alternates emulate two of Victoria's possible trajectories. Alternative 1 (ALT1) focuses on Victoria's reliance on imported interstate renewable energy, while Alternative 2 (ALT2) involves Victoria becoming self-sufficient through renewable generation. Each of the three scenarios is compared across four bottom lines: technical performance, social, economic, and environmental. Interviews among energy experts revealed that economic and social metrics were considered most important. Applying the n-bottom line (nBL) assessment framework delivers a result that finds ALT2 and ALT1 tied as the preferred solution. Hence, the construction of renewable infrastructure in Victoria and increased interstate transmission capacity should be built. Further research could include a deeper understanding of the embodied carbon in infrastructure built for the energy transition.
Head Trauma-Child

Procedure Appropriateness Category Relative Radiation Level Arteriography cerebral Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ CT head with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ CT head without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ CT head without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ CTA head with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ MRA head without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O MRA head without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O MRI head without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O MRI head without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O Radiography skull Usually Not Appropriate ☢
Unraveling the periprandial changes in brain serotonergic activity and its correlation with food intake-related neuropeptides in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

This study explored changes in brain serotonin content and activity together with hypothalamic neuropeptide mRNA abundance around feeding time in rainbow trout, as well as the effect of one-day fasting. Groups of trout fed at two (ZT2) and six (ZT6) hours after lights on were sampled from 90 minutes before to 240 minutes after feeding, while additional groups of non-fed trout were also included in the study. Changes in brain amine and metabolite contents were measured in hindbrain, diencephalon and telencephalon, while in the diencephalon the mRNA abundance of tryptophan hydroxylase (tph1, tph2), serotonin receptors (5htr1a, 5htr1b and 5htr2c) and several neuropeptides (npy, agrp1, cartpt, pomca1, crfb) involved in the control of food intake were also assessed. The results showed changes in the hypothalamic neuropeptides that were consistent with the expected role for each in the regulation of food intake in rainbow trout. Serotonergic activity increased rapidly at the time of food intake in the diencephalon and hindbrain and remained high for much of the postprandial period. This increase in serotonin abundance was concomitant with elevated levels of pomca1 mRNA in the diencephalon, suggesting that serotonin might act on brain neuropeptides to promote a satiety profile. Furthermore, serotonin synthesis and neuronal activity appear to increase already before the time of feeding, suggesting additional functions for this amine before and during food intake. Exploration of serotonin receptors in the diencephalon revealed only small changes for gene expression of 5htr1b and 5htr2c receptors during the postprandial phase. Therefore, the results suggest that serotonin may play a relevant role in the regulation of feeding behavior in rainbow trout during periprandial time, but a better understanding of its interaction with brain centers involved in receiving and processing food-related signals is still needed.
Selection of Debaryomyces hansenii isolates to improve quality of dry fermented sausage

ABSTRACT The objective of this experiment was to select D. hansenii isolates that are stable in dry fermented sausage (DFS) production and can positively affect the quality. D. hansenii isolates were examined for production of biogenic amines, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase, proteolytic, and lipolytic enzymatic activities. The acid and salt tolerance of D. hansenii isolates were also examined. DFS inoculated with selected D. hansenii isolates were analyzed for microorganisms, weight loss, Aw, and pH. DFS was also subjected to analyses of color, texture profile, reducing sugar, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), lipid oxidation, and free fatty acid. Twenty-two D. hansenii isolates were isolated. None of these D. hansenii isolates produced biogenic amines, and all strains were negative for β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase activities. After examining these strains for proteolysis, lipolysis, and salt and acid tolerance, D. hansenii isolates SMFM2021-C14, SMFM2021-S8, and SMFM2021-SL3 were selected to be used in DFS. During the processing of DFS, the groups treated with D. hansenii isolate SMFM2021-S8 or SMFM2021-SL3 showed lower (p < .05) hardness values of DFS. The sample treated with D. hansenii SMFM2021-S8 showed lower (p < .05) VBN and lipid oxidation contents than the others. The ratio of ω-6/ω-3 was lower (p < .05) in D. hansenii SMFM2021-SL3 treated group than in the other treatments. These results indicate that D. hansenii isolates SMFM2021-S8 and SMFM2021-SL3 might be useful in producing DFS to improve its quality.
Uniplanar Microstrip Antenna for Endfire Radiation

A uniplanar microstrip antenna (MSA) is proposed with a simple feed to achieve the endfire radiation pattern with less size, improved gain, and front-to-back ratio (F/B) at 2.45 GHz. The proposed antenna is realized using the concept of MSA and Yagi–Uda antenna. Effects of various antenna parameters are analyzed on the reflection coefficient and gain. Optimized uniplanar MSA provides 6.7 dBi gain with F/B of 19 dB at 2.45 GHz. The designed antenna is uniplanar with the size of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.47\lambda _{\mathrm {o}} \times 0.13\lambda _{\mathrm {o}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. A director element is added to improve the gain of the antenna to 8.2 dBi with F/B of better than 18 dB. The size of the uniplanar MSA with the director is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.47\lambda _{\mathrm {o}} \times 0.36\lambda _{\mathrm {o}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The experimental results of the fabricated antenna are in good agreement with the simulated results.
Efficiency and Safety of Temperatures Management in Aortic Arch Surgery: A System Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective. The study evaluates the safety and efficacy of hypothermic cardiac arrest (HCA) at various temperatures in aortic arch surgeries. Methods. We conducted a literature search in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase databases. For single proportion assessments, we employed fixed-effect and random-effect models in the general linear mixture model and the inverse variance model for other computations. We analyzed factors such as age, sex, operation time, and postoperative complications, with subgroup and metaregression analyses. We used funnel plots to depict potential publication bias. Results. Our research incorporated 43 papers with 34,797 cases. HCA temperatures were divided into five groups (A: 30–32°C, B: 28–30°C, C: 26–28°C, D: 24–26°C, and E: <24°C). There is no statistically significant difference in myocardial ischemia time ( P = 0.90) and isolated cerebral perfusion (ICP) time ( P = 0.95). Groups A and C have the best performance in avoiding postoperative complications including transient nerve injury (TNI), permanent nerve injury (PNI), renal failure (RF), and mortality occurrence rate. Group A has the lowest occurrence rate in PNI (3%) and mortality (3%). Group C has the lowest RF incidence (5%). Conclusion. Maintaining temperatures of 30–32°C in en bloc anastomosis or 26–28°C during arch replacement with separate grafts can significantly reduce complications including PNI, RF, and in-hospital mortality.
Analysis of the Customer Churn Prediction Project in the Hotel Industry Based on Text Mining and the Random Forest Algorithm

The ability of hotels to differentiate themselves from competitors and continue to operate profitably depends on their ability to retain their customers by building long-term and permanent customer relationships. Technological developments in recent years have made it possible for companies to predict their customers’ behavior by accessing their opinions faster and preventing them from churning. Managing customer churn prediction projects has become an important issue today, especially in the hotel industry. Therefore, this research seeks to analyze projects that predict the churn of hotel customers to provide a model to help hotel managers in this field. In this research, an approach based on text mining on customers’ comments in the Persian language is presented, which uses the random forest algorithm for classification that was considered the most effective method to solve this problem. In this model, to increase the efficiency of the proposed method in compare with existing works, the gravitational search algorithm was used to select the useful features, and the differential evolution algorithm was used to adjust the parameters of the classification method. The dataset of this research is the collected data from the customer database on social networks and hotels’ websites, especially the hotels on Kish Island in Iran. The results of this research showed that after the implementation of the preprocessing operations, the method of adjusting the parameters and removing the unimportant features, the model’s accuracy increased significantly. The precision, recall, F1, and accuracy criteria were 0.77, 0.76, 0.76, and 0.77, respectively.
Land tenure in Tigray: How large is the gender bias?

This study finds that female-headed households have 23% smaller owned landholdings and 54% smaller operational landholdings. Differences in characteristics such as age, labor, oxen and previous divorce explain less than half the differences in landholding sizes, while the remaining can be attributed to differences in returns to these characteristics. This indicates that there is a gender bias in access to land, even after land reforms that intended to strengthen women’s rights. The main policy recommendation is to further gender-sensitize the land certification process, strengthen women’s opportunities to cultivate their land and continue the process of securing women’s tenure rights.