Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ASPB10 insulin induction of increased mitogenic responses and phenotypic changes in human breast epithelial cells: Evidence for enhanced interactions with the insulin‐like growth factor‐I receptor

The human insulin analogue ASPB10 has been reported to have increased affinity for the insulin receptor and to cause breast cancer in female rats. In the study reported here, we investigated whether ASPB10 has an increased mitogenic potency and induces a transformed phenotype in cultured human breast cells. In both MCF‐10 cells (a non‐malignant human breast line) and MCF‐7 cells (a human breast cancer cell line), ASPB10 was approximately twofold more potent than insulin in competing for 125I‐insulin binding but sevenfold to tenfold more potent than insulin in competing for 125I‐insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I binding. In addition, ASPB10 was twofold more potent than insulin in stimulating insulin receptor autophosphorylation but significantly more potent in stimulating IGF‐I receptor autophosphorylation in both cell lines. Moreover, ASPB10 was approximately sevenfold more potent than insulin in stimulating the growth of MCF‐10 and MCF‐7 cells. This increased mitogenic effect of ASPB10 was significantly inhibited (but not abolished) when cells were cultured in the presence of α‐IR3, a monoclonal antibody to the IGF‐I receptor. ASPB10, but not insulin, caused phenotypic changes (focus formation) in MCF‐10 cells. Neither agent caused colony formation in soft agar in MCF‐10 cells, but ASPB10 was more potent than insulin in stimulating colony formation in MCF‐7 cells. These observations indicate that in human breast cells, ASPB10 has enhanced mitogenic effects and induces phenotypic changes as a consequence of its activation of both insulin and IGF‐I receptors. Mol. Carcinog. 18:19–25, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of a new once-daily long-acting inhaled β2-agonist indacaterol versus twice-daily formoterol in COPD

Background Indacaterol is a long-acting inhaled β2-agonist (LABA) for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In previous studies, indacaterol provided 24 h bronchodilation on once-daily dosing with a fast onset of action. This study compared the efficacy and safety of indacaterol with the twice-daily LABA formoterol and placebo over 1 year. Methods Patients with moderate to severe COPD were randomised to receive once-daily indacaterol 300 μg (n=437) or 600 μg (n=428), twice-daily formoterol 12 μg (n=435) or placebo (n=432) for 52 weeks in a double-blind double-dummy parallel group study. The primary efficacy variable was forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) measured 24 h postdose after 12 weeks (indacaterol vs placebo). Other outcomes included dyspnoea (transition dyspnoea index, TDI), use of as-needed salbutamol, symptom-based measures recorded on diary cards, exacerbations, health status (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire), BODE index (body mass index, obstruction, dyspnoea, exercise), safety and tolerability. Results Indacaterol increased 24 h postdose FEV1 after 12 weeks by 170 ml (both doses) versus placebo and by 100 ml versus formoterol (all p<0.001). These significant differences were maintained at 52 weeks. Symptomatic outcomes were improved compared with placebo with all active treatments, and indacaterol was more effective than formoterol in improving TDI score and reducing the need for as-needed salbutamol. Indacaterol was well tolerated and had a good overall safety profile, including minimal impact on QTc interval and systemic β2-mediated events. Conclusions Once-daily indacaterol is an effective 24 h bronchodilator that improves symptoms and health status and confers clinical improvements over a twice-daily 12 h LABA as a treatment for patients with moderate to severe COPD. Trial registration number NCT 00393458.
Discovering young stars in the Gum 31 region with infrared observations

Context. The Gum 31 bubble containing the stellar cluster NGC 3324 is a poorly-studied young region close to the Carina Nebula. Aims. We are aiming to characterise the young stellar and protoste llar population in and around Gum 31 and to investigate the starformation process in this region. Methods. We identify candidate young stellar objects from Spitzer, WISE, and Herschel data. Combining these, we analyse the spectral energy distributions of the candidate young stell ar objects. With density and temperature maps obtained from Herschel data and comparisons to a ‘collect and collapse’ scenario for the region we are able to further constrain the characteristics of the region as a whole. Results. 661 candidate young stellar objects are found from WISE data, 91 protostar candidates are detected through Herschel observations in a 1.0 ◦ × 1.1 ◦ area. Most of these objects are found in small clusters or are well aligned with the H II bubble. We also identify the sources of Herbig-Haro jets. The infrared morp hology of the region suggests that it is part of the larger Car ina Nebula complex. Conclusions. The location of the candidate young stellar objects in the ri m of the H II bubble is suggestive of their being triggered by a ‘collect and collapse’ scenario, which agrees well with the observed parameters of the region. Some candidate young stellar objects are found in the heads of pillars, which points towar ds radiative triggering of star formation. Thus, we find evid ence that in the region different mechanisms of triggered star formation are at work. Correcting the number of candidate young stellar objects for contamination we find ∼ 600 young stellar objects in Gum 31 above our completeness limit of about 1 M⊙. Extrapolating the intital mass function down to 0.1 M⊙, we estimate a total population of∼ 5000 young stars for the region.
Ecological engineers’ nests benefit plant recovery following fire in a semiarid grassland, New Mexico,
 USA

QUESTIONS: Ants and rodents are recognized as ecosystem engineers worldwide creating soil‐modified nests and adjacent edges with superior resources. The influence of Dipodomys spectabilis (rat) and Pogonomyrmex rugosus (ant) on nests and edges would be similar in burned and unburned habitat on functional groups’ cover, density, number of inflorescences and species number. We hypothesize that annual and perennial dicots would recover faster on rat patches than on burned grassland, dicots and grasses would recover faster on ant patches than on burned grassland, and annual dicots would recover faster on rat than on ant patches, whereas grasses would recover faster on ant than on rat patches. LOCATION: Semiarid grassland, Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, USA. METHODS: We analyzed annual and perennial dicots, grasses and subshrubs in burned and unburned plots at 80 nests during cool‐ and warm‐seasons two years post‐fire. Data were collected at nest top (mound), edge, and 20 m (control) from the edge. RESULTS: Cover, density and species richness of different functional groups were low on animal mounds in unburned and burned plots. Ant edges had greater perennial dicot cover, grass cover and richness while rat edges had lower grass density and richness than control sites at unburned and burned plots. Perennial dicot density and richness recovered faster at rat mounds and edges than control. Ant edges yielded faster recovery of grass inflorescences than control. Dicots recovered faster on rat than ant mounds whereas grasses grew faster on ant edges. CONCLUSIONS: Rats create nests enhancing density of recovering dicots and ant edges facilitate reproduction of recovering grasses. Equal regeneration between animal nests and grassland occurred commonly when fire reduced grass competition. Dysochory, granivory and fire intensity may influence recovery. Nests may be sources of reestablishment and seed dispersal. Recovery of grassland may be amplified as plants infill from engineered nests.
Clinical Benefit of Early Anticoagulation in Cardioembolic Stroke

Background: Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation is the most common source of cardiac embolism with a high reported risk of stroke and a high stroke-related mortality. A common clinical dilemma in patients with acute stroke is whether the detection of one of the major cardiac sources of emboli requires an early anticoagulation to reduce early stroke recurrence and mortality. Methods: In this review, we report on the results of clinical trials that have investigated the efficacy of early treatment for acute cardioembolic stroke. Results: Large clinical trials demonstrate that there is no evidence supporting the administration of heparin in patients with acute ischemic stroke within 48 h from stroke onset. Conclusions: The results of recent studies showing an advantage of the very early administration of heparin (<3 h from stroke onset) should encourage clinicians to perform further trials on the efficacy of an early administration of heparin in acute cardioembolic stroke.
The costs of traumatic brain injury: a literature review

Objective The purpose of this study was to review the literature relating to the psychosocial costs associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods Nine online journal databases, including MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and PUBMED, were queried for studies between July 2010 and May 2012 pertaining to the economic burden of head injuries. Additional studies were identified through searching bibliographies of related publications and using Google internet search engine. Results One hundred and eight potentially relevant abstracts were identified from the journal databases. Ten papers were chosen for discussion in this review. All but two of the chosen papers were US studies. The studies included a cost-benefit analysis of the implementation of treatment guidelines from the US brain trauma foundation and a cost-effectiveness analysis of post-acute traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. Conclusion Very little research has been published on the economic burden that mild and moderate traumatic brain injury patients pose to their families, careers, and society as a whole. Further research is needed to estimate the economic burden of these patients on healthcare providers and social services and how this can impact current health policies and practices.
The new feature interaction challenge

Feature interactions are a major threat to software modularity and impair compositional development and reasoning. A feature interaction occurs when the behavior of one feature is affected by the presence of another feature. Usually, interactions cannot be deduced easily from the behaviors of the individual features involved. The feature-interaction problem became a crisis in the telecommunications industry in the 1980s, when the growing number of features led to uncontrolled software complexity and long development cycles. Since then, the problem has been recognized in many other domains---each with its own manifestations, challenges, and possible solutions. In this talk, I report on our experiences with the feature-interaction problem in different areas and applications. The primary goal is to raise awareness of the fact that the feature-interaction problem is real and worthwhile to study. Furthermore, by means of recent experimental results, I emphasize that there are different types of feature interactions and that these type are related. I close the talk with a call to action to accept and approach the New Feature Interaction Challenge, which is to understand and exploit the different types of feature interactions to build better software (e.g., by developing better tools for feature-interaction testing).
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION AMONG WOMEN IN KINGDOME OF SAUDI ARABIA.

Nuseibah Saleh Mesleh Almakhalfi , Fadyah Mohammed Ayed Alradaddi , Raghad Abdullah Abdalmohsen Almeshari , Rasha Saidan Zoman Alwberi Alshammri and Abeer Hassan Elhaj . Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 20 January 2019 Final Accepted: 22 February 2019 Published: March 2019 Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is more frequent in women than thought otherwise (2). The intensity of feeling inability in suffering mothers is so high that some mothers with postpartum depression comment life as the death swamp, while non depressed mothers see their baby's birth as the happiest stage of their life. Aim: The present study aims to study the risk factors of postpartum depression among mothers. Methods: Around 2090 Saudi women of postpartum period, were included and assessed using standardized questionnaire and predictive index of postnatal depression, to find out risk factors. Results: The study found that the risk of developing postnatal depression was remarkably associated with the number of children which is increased with more than 5 children and positive family history as well. While no association between unplanned pregnancies and postpartum depression. Conclusion: These risk factors can be ascertained during routine pregnancy care; therefore, it is important that antenatal healthcare providers and women themselves should educated about risk factors so that early identification of high risk women can be possible by closer follow-up.
Family Support and Education

ABSTRACT Family involvement is essential to the developmental outcome of infants born into Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). In this article, evidence has been presented on the parent's perspective of having an infant in the NICU and the context of family. Key points to an educational assessment are also reviewed. Throughout, the parent's concerns and the educational needs of the family are shared, and strategies are given to help therapists enhance their teaching skills and ways to partner with parents. This article also introduces the NICU Discharge Path for parents “Preparing for Your Baby to Come Home”. The Path educates parents on the steps towards home and encourages their participation in the process.
A Case of Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Multiple Treatments Including Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy Alone for Oligometastases to the Parotid Gland

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a reported average of around 15% metastases at presentation with chemotherapy being the mainstay of treatment for widely metastatic disease. However, in select patients with oligometastatic disease, local ablative therapy (commonly including surgery or radiotherapy) can be utilized with the possibility of improving survival, decreasing morbidity from the metastases, and obviating the need for systemic therapy with its possible side effects. However, most research has been of ablative therapy has been performed for pulmonary and hepatic oligometastatic lesions. In this case, we present a patient who initially presented with a metastatic base of tongue malignancy with left axilla metastases who was treated palliatively with systemic therapy with an initial complete response. She subsequently progressed on maintenance therapy with a locoregional recurrence that was treated with definitive chemoradiation with complete response. There was a subsequent recurrence again in the left axilla that was treated as well with chemoradiation with complete response. Next, there was a recurrence in the right occipital lobe and left parotid gland with treatment with surgical resection, plus stereotactic radiotherapy boost and stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR), respectively. This all occurred over a 30-month time frame from initial therapy to her last treatment, with an additional 42 months at the present time with no recurrence. This case highlights the future of care of oligometastatic disease of HNSCC with potential long-term survival in appropriately selected patients treated with stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy. Furthermore, this is one of the first reported cases in the literature of SABR for an oligometastatic lesion of the parotid gland, especially from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity, with no recurrence of disease over 40 months removed from treatment.
An Accurate Distance to High-Velocity Cloud Complex C

We report an accurate distance of d = 10 ± 2.5 kpc to the high-velocity cloud Complex C. Using high signal-to-noise ratio Keck HIRES spectra of two horizontal-branch stars, we have detected Ca II K absorption lines from the cloud. Significant nondetections toward a further three stars yield robust lower distance limits. The resulting H I mass of Complex C is MH I = 4.9+2.9−2.2 × 106 M☉; a total mass of Mtot = 8.2+ 4.6−2.6 × 106 M☉ is implied, after corrections for helium and ionization. At 10 kpc, Complex C has physical dimensions 3 × 15 kpc, and if it is as thick as it is wide, then the average density is log ⟨n⟩ ≃ −2.5. We estimate the contribution of Complex C to the mass influx may be as high as ~0.14 M☉ yr−1.
A 4D approach to the analysis of functional brain images: Application to FMRI data

This paper presents a new approach to functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) data analysis. The main difference lies in the view of what comprises an observation. Here we treat the data from one scanning session (comprising t volumes, say) as one observation. This is contrary to the conventional way of looking at the data where each session is treated as t different observations. Thus instead of viewing the v voxels comprising the 3D volume of the brain as the variables, we suggest the usage of the vt hypervoxels comprising the 4D volume of the brain‐over‐session as the variables. A linear model is fitted to the 4D volumes originating from different sessions. Parameter estimation and hypothesis testing in this model can be performed with standard techniques. The hypothesis testing generates 4D statistical images (SIs) to which any relevant test statistic can be applied. In this paper we describe two test statistics, one voxel based and one cluster based, that can be used to test a range of hypotheses. There are several benefits in treating the data from each session as one observation, two of which are: (i) the temporal characteristics of the signal can be investigated without an explicit model for the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast response function, and (ii) the observations (sessions) can be assumed to be independent and hence inference on the 4D SI can be made by nonparametric or Monte Carlo methods. The suggested 4D approach is applied to FMRI data and is shown to accurately detect the expected signal. Hum. Brain Mapping 13:185–198, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CD25+ CD4+ T Cells Regulate the Expansion of Peripheral CD4 T Cells Through the Production of IL-101

The mechanisms by which the immune system achieves constant T cell numbers throughout life, thereby controlling autoaggressive cell expansions, are to date not completely understood. Here, we show that the CD25+ subpopulation of naturally activated (CD45RBlow) CD4 T cells, but not CD25− CD45RBlow CD4 T cells, inhibits the accumulation of cotransferred CD45RBhigh CD4 T cells in lymphocyte-deficient mice. However, both CD25+ and CD25− CD45RBlow CD4 T cell subpopulations contain regulatory cells, since they can prevent naive CD4 T cell-induced wasting disease. In the absence of a correlation between disease and the number of recovered CD4+ cells, we conclude that expansion control and disease prevention are largely independent processes. CD25+ CD45RBlow CD4 T cells from IL-10-deficient mice do not protect from disease. They accumulate to a higher cell number and cannot prevent the expansion of CD45RBhigh CD4 T cells upon transfer compared with their wild-type counterparts. Although CD25+ CD45RBlow CD4 T cells are capable of expanding when transferred in vivo, they reach a homeostatic equilibrium at lower cell numbers than CD25− CD45RBlow or CD45RBhigh CD4 T cells. We conclude that CD25+ CD45RBlow CD4 T cells from nonmanipulated mice control the number of peripheral CD4 T cells through a mechanism involving the production of IL-10 by regulatory T cells.
Diagnosis of Delay Faults Considering Hazards

It is very difficult, if not impossible, to design hazard free circuits in view of substantial delay uncertainties of gates and interconnects implemented in sub micron technologies. In this paper, we propose diagnosis methods for gate delay faults for such circuits. The fault simulation method employed by us uses eight values and calculates logic values as well as earliest transition times and latest transition times. It can deal with hazard signals more accurately than conventional methods. The proposed method uses a fault dictionary to deduce candidate faults which sufficiently explain the output responses of a circuit under diagnosis.
Peripheral arterial atherosclerosis in patients with extracranial, not intracranial, arterial stenosis.

BACKGROUND It is not known whether stroke patients with intracranial stenosis often have lower extremity atherosclerosis. The aim of our study was to elucidate this issue. METHODS Consecutive stroke patients who had cerebral angiography were prospectively enrolled in this study. Cerebral artery and lower extremity artery stenoses were evaluated simultaneously using conventional angiography. To investigate sub-clinical arteriosclerosis, duplex ultrasonography was performed to assess the maximal intima media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA) and the femoral artery, and the ankle brachial pressure index (ABI) was determined. The patients were classified into three groups based on the cerebral angiographic findings: 1) IS group, with a > or = 50% stenosis of the intracranial artery; 2) ES group, with a > or = 50% of the extracranial carotid artery; 3) NS group, with no stenosis. We compared the IMT of the CCA and the femoral artery, as well as the ABI, among the three groups. RESULTS A total of 81 patients (mean age 63 +/- 13 years old; 61 males) were enrolled. The prevalence of hypertension was greatest in the ES group. The maximal IMT of the femoral artery was highest in the ES group (ES group, 2.1 +/- 1.0 mm; IS group, 1.5 +/- 0.7 mm; NS group, 1.7 +/- 0.9 mm; p=0.043). The ES group had the lowest ABI (ES group, 1.00 +/- 0.24; IS group, 1.11 +/- 0.17; NS group, 1.13 +/- 0.15, p=0.031). CONCLUSION The presence of sub-clinical atherosclerosis of the lower extremity arteries differed between patients with intracranial and extracranial stenosis. The mechanism of atherosclerosis may differ between intracranial and extracranial internal carotid artery.
Joint SNR and channel estimation for 60 GHz systems using compressed sensing

60 GHz communication supporting multigigabit data rate is a popular choice of industry for next generation short distance wireless communications. However, multi-Gsps ADC becomes a challenge in 60 GHz systems which have ultra wide Nyquist bandwidth. To reduce sampling rate of ADC in the estimation stage, we propose a joint signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and channel estimation algorithm using compressed sensing (CS) theory. In 60 GHz systems, CS encoding and decoding strategies are optimized to maximize benefits from the design of pilots and estimators. For pilot design, m-sequence rather than conventional Bernoulli random sequence is selected owning to a better average restricted isometry property; for estimator design, a quasi-optimal channel and noise power estimation is put forward underlying signal subspace provided by CS algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the sampling rate of ADC to 9.1% Nyquist bandwidth of 60 GHz communication. Moreover, the algorithm with this compressed sampling efficiently outperforms classical least square algorithm with Nyquist sampling as SNR exceeds 7 dB.