Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of anxiety disorders

Abstract This contribution provides an overview of the most important recent epidemiological studies examining anxiety disorders in the general population. Results demonstrate that anxiety disorders are widespread, with lifetime prevalence rates ranging between 13.6% and 28.8% in Western countries. Comorbidity among individuals with an anxiety disorder is high: three out of four people with a lifetime anxiety disorder experience at least one other mental disorder in their lifetime. There is a particularly strong association between anxiety disorders and affective disorders and a considerably lower but still substantial relation between anxiety disorders and substance use disorders. Shared risk factors and causal relationships between disorders are discussed as possible sources of comorbidity. Individuals between the ages of 10 and 25 seem to be at the highest risk for developing an anxiety disorder. Other risk factors comprise female gender, behavioural inhibition and negative life events. Most anxiety disorders are associated with unemployment, low education, low income, and not being married. This contribution further presents a summary of the first results from a worldwide epidemiological assessment of mental disorders. The WHO has recently initiated nationwide mental health surveys with shared methodological standards in 28 countries around the world. Findings will increase our knowledge of the mental health status in less developed areas and allow for intercultural comparison of prevalence rates. To date, 14 surveys have been completed. Twelve-month prevalence rates for six anxiety disorders are presented and potential causes for variations in prevalence rates are discussed.
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Mobile Phone Intervention for Improving Adherence to Naltrexone for Alcohol Use Disorders

Background Naltrexone is a front-line treatment for alcohol use disorders, but its efficacy is limited by poor medication adherence. This randomized controlled trial evaluated whether a mobile health intervention could improve naltrexone adherence. Methods Treatment-seeking participants with an alcohol use disorder (N = 76) were randomized to intervention and control conditions. All participants received naltrexone (50 mg/day) with a medication event monitoring system (MEMS) and a prepaid smartphone, and received a daily text message querying medication side effects, alcohol use, and craving. Those in the intervention arm received additional medication reminders and adherence assessment via text message. Results The primary outcome, proportion of participants with adequate adherence (defined as ≥80% of prescribed doses taken through Week 8), did not differ between groups in intent-to-treat analyses (p = .34). Mean adherence at study midpoint (Week 4) was 83% in the intervention condition and 77% in the control condition (p = .35). Survival analysis found that the intervention group sustained adequate adherence significantly longer (M = 19 days [95% CI = 0.0–44.0]) than those in the control group (M = 3 days [95% CI = 0.0–8.1]) during the first month of treatment (p = .04). Medication adherence did not predict drinking outcomes. Conclusions These results suggest that in the context of daily monitoring and assessment via cell phone, additional text message reminders do not further improve medication adherence. Although this initial trial does not provide support for the efficacy of text messaging to improve adherence to pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorders, additional trials with larger samples and alternate designs are warranted. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01349985
Electromyography in CNS Disorders

Dr. Shahani has brought together reviews by nine leading workers in the evolving field of central EMG in this 182-page book. Central EMG is used to evaluate functions of the CNS by the techniques of peripheral clinical neurophysiology: measurement of reflexes, microneurography, measurement of motor-unit firing patterns, assessment of tremor, surface EMG, and force measurements. The chapters by Freund on motor-unit firing, by Marsden on longlatency reflexes, by Delwaide on reflex changes in upper motor neuron lesions, by Young on tremor measurement, and by Shahani on clinical recording techniques provide excellent introductions. The book is loosely organized and chapters overlap, as is common in books by multiple authors. The three chapters that discuss central EMG findings in upper motor neuron lesions are not well coordinated and will give the beginning reader some difficulty in integrating the information. Individual chapters vary in formatsome are brief reviews, some are detailed reviews, and some only report the work of the authors. There is surprising lack of recent references, with few since 1981. Th i s book can provide an introduction to the electrophysiologic methods of central EMG that are being used to assess the CNS in patients and normal subjects.
Results of revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a transportal technique.

BACKGROUND As the number of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and primary ACL reconstruction surgeries increase, the absolute number of re-ruptures or failures has also subsequently increased. In our study, we look at the causes of failure in the primary surgery and also report the clinical and functional outcomes in our series of patients undergoing revision surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective review of all revision ACL reconstructions performed by the senior author over a 3-year period using a single-stage transportal technique. Causes of failure were elucidated through clinical, radiological and intraoperative assessment. Outcomes of revision surgery were assessed clinically as well as functionally through the use of a variety of subjective knee scores, with a mean follow-up time of 27.5 months (range 12-40). RESULTS In our series of 13 patients, all primary surgeries were performed originally via a transtibial technique, with a mean time to failure of 26.4 months (range 6-65). Tunnel malposition was identified as the most common cause of failure (61.5%), while purely traumatic causes accounted for 38.5% of cases. New meniscal injuries were identified in 77% of the patients, and cartilage loss in 38.5%. There was a statistically significant improvement in functional outcomes in all patients following revision surgery, and whilst majority (92%) were able to return to sporting activities on a regular basis, only 54% were able to return to their previous level of sports. CONCLUSION Tunnel malposition was found to be the most common cause of primary graft failure in our series of patients undergoing revision ACL reconstruction. Concomitant meniscal and cartilage pathologies were also common intraoperative findings. Improved knee stability and functional outcomes can be expected following revision surgery, and majority will be able to return to some form of sporting activity, albeit at lower levels than before for some patients.
Book review The Oxford Handbook of Environmental and Conservation Psychology (S. Clayton, Ed., 2012)

Abstract A brief introduction and commentary are provided to the recently published Oxford Handbook of Environmental and Conservation Psychology. Having first set out the different sections of the book (theories, specific environments, environment and wellbeing, environmental conservation, conclusions), the review identifies the major approaches covered by the handbook, including transactionalism, psychological positivity and sustainability. The review also highlights the fact that, for the first time, the terms “Environmental Psychology” and “Conservation Psychology” are presented separately in a handbook of this kind; it also points out that certain novel issues are included. The review underlines that the organization of the book is dominated by the idea of an international community of psycho-environmental authors, which prevails over national or regional differences. Finally, it concludes that the handbook demonstrates how the advances achieved within Environmental Psychology, more than the stagnation of some of its areas, allow for a certain feeling of optimism.
Kinetics of Infection and Effects on Placental Cell Populations in a Murine Model of Chlamydia psittaci-Induced Abortion

ABSTRACT The anatomical progression of chlamydial infection was studied in different areas of the placenta, using a mouse model and two inoculation times: early pregnancy (day 7, group A) and midpregnancy (day 11, group B). The first population cells affected were decidual cells and neutrophils located just at the limits of the maternal and fetal placenta. The following invaded area was the layer of giant cells. Complete colonization of the maternal placenta occurred after day 15 of pregnancy independently of the inoculation time, the metrial gland being the last area to be invaded; numerous granulated metrial gland (GMG) cells were infected. Finally, chlamydial inclusions were observed in labyrinthine trophoblastic cells from day 18 of pregnancy onward. Since no fetal damage was observed, it seems that an indirect mechanism involving the lysis of GMG cells and neutrophil infiltration of the decidua and metrial gland may be the pathogenic mechanism that leads to abortion.
The 2010 Football World Cup as a Political Construct: The Challenge of Making Good on an African Promise

It is today widely understood that sport mega-events are complex affairs which originate from specific sets of economic objectives but which have political and social corollaries that usually extend far beyond the event itself. Sport megaevents are generally initiated and driven by cadres of societal (ie, political and corporate) elites and are aimed at satisfying development goals or ambitions around projection, competitiveness or growth targets. In the planning, implementation and execution of events, however, cultural, social and other imprints are left that can have enduring impacts on the society. Further, the economy of sport mega-events has developed to such an extent internationally, that events have gained a self-perpetuating dynamic of their own, characterized by distinct coagulations of interests and the predominance of certain corporate actors. The gains that are widely thought to be made from participation in this mega-events ‘market’ prompt states continually to seek involvement: noticeably, once a country is able to break into the international arena of hosting mega-events, this stimulates the desire to attract more and often larger mega-events. Once on the mega-event circuit, there is an aspiration to host more of them (Hiller, 1998), often without proper attention to the economic and social counter-costs of events. These aspects are highly visible in post-apartheid South Africa’s engagement with sport mega-events. Slightly more than a decade into the new democratic dispensation, sport mega-events have seemingly come to play an important socio-political role. Prompted by the successful hosting and victory of the 1995 Rugby World Cup, a more or less sustained campaign has been undertaken by political and other elites to make bids, with varying degrees of success, for the hosting of some of the most important events on the world sports tournament calendar. Underpinning this, at least from the government’s perspective, is an attempt to utilize sport mega-events as key social and political instruments: on
Medical and psychiatric morbidity in obese women with and without binge eating.

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of obesity and binge eating in a population-based sample of female twins and to examine whether the presence of binge eating was associated with a greater risk for medical and psychiatric disorders in obese women. METHOD A population-based study of twins who were born between 1934 and 1971 and both members responded to a mailed questionnaire (individual response rate was conservatively estimated to be 64%). Data for the present study are from the first and third interview waves. In Wave 1 (1987-1989), we assessed 92% of the eligible individuals (N = 2,163), 90% face-to-face and the remainder by telephone. We assessed lifetime history of psychiatric disorders, major medical disorders, health limitations, health satisfaction, and an array of personality and attitudinal measures. RESULTS Obese women with binge eating reported greater health dissatisfaction and higher rates of major medical disorders than obese women without binge eating. Binge eating was also associated with higher lifetime prevalence of major depression, panic disorder, phobias, and alcohol dependence. Obese women with binge eating scored higher on neuroticism and symptom scales measuring depression, anxiety/phobia, and neurovegetative symptoms (i.e., insomnia, agitation, retardation, and obsessive-compulsive traits). DISCUSSION The presence of binge eating in obese women is a marker for greater medical and psychiatric morbidity.
Pediatric Staphylococcus aureus Infections: Impact of Methicillin Resistance at a Canadian Center

Objectives Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes a wide spectrum of potentially serious infections in children. This study describes the evolving experience with S. aureus infections at a Canadian tertiary pediatric care center serving a wide geographic area. Design In this two-component study, a retrospective review of infection control databases for MRSA infection was conducted, along with a prospective component for 1 year during which all community-onset S. aureus infections were identified. Cases with methicillin resistance and susceptibility were compared. Results Review of infection control database records showed 239 unique infections, with steady increases over time. Common pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types included Canadian MRSA-7 and Canadian MRSA-10. During the 1-year prospective component, 210 clinical infections were identified, with MRSA isolated in 41%. Patients with MRSA were significantly younger than those with methicillin-susceptible isolates (4.9 vs 7.7 years, P < 0.001). The most common presentations were soft tissue infections in the emergency department, with a degree of inappropriate antimicrobial use. Conclusions MRSA contributed to a significant proportion of S. aureus infections at a large Canadian tertiary care center. Ample opportunities exist to develop stewardship protocols, especially for the management of soft tissue infections in outpatients.
Extended Sequential Logic for Synchronous Circuit Optimization and Its Applications

In this paper, we present a new approach for the extension of sequential logic functionality of <i>D</i> flip-flop in order to perform an additional Boolean function simultaneously along with its usual bit-storage function. We show that a combinational function of the form (<i>a</i> middot<i>b</i>), (<i>a</i> + <i>b</i>) , (<i>a</i> +[(<i>b</i>)]), or ([(<i>a</i>)] middot<i>b</i>) which occurs frequently in a feedforward path with a <i>D</i> flip-flop could be implemented efficiently by a <i>D</i> flip-flop with RESET or SET provision. Similarly, (<i>a</i> oplus<i>b</i>) or ((<i>a</i> middot<i>b</i>) oplus<i>c</i>) in the feedback loop with a <i>D</i> flip-flop could be implemented by a <i>T</i> flip-flop by suitable modification of the clock. The use of such extended sequential logic is found to result in a significant reduction in critical path and saving in area complexity over the direct implementation. Moreover, we present a simple approach for the construction of CMOS <i>T</i> flip-flop by modification of clock signal of <i>D</i> flip-flop, which is found to be more efficient than the <i>T</i> flip-flop derived from <i>JK</i> flip-flop. The extended sequential logic is used for the implementation of finite-field multiplication over <i>GF</i>(2<sup>m</sup>) and carry-save addition of real numbers. In both these cases, the use of extended logic is found to offer a substantial saving in area and time complexity over the conventional implementations.
Son adictos a las redes sociales los estudiantes universitarios

The development of the Internet and in particular of social networks has supposedly given a new view to the different aspects that surround human behavior. It includes those associated with addictions, but specifically the ones that have to do with technologies. Following a correlational descriptive design we present the results of a study, which involved university students from Social and Legal Sciences as participants, about their addiction to the Internet and in particular to social networks. The sample was conformed of 373 participants from the cities of Granada, Sevilla, Malaga, and Cordoba. To gather the data a questionnaire that was design by Young was translated to Spanish. The main research objective was to determine if university students could be considered social network addicts. The most prominent result was that the participants don’t consider themselves to be addicted to the Internet or to social networks; in particular women reflected a major distance from the social networks. It’s important to know that the results differ from those found in the literature review, which opens the question, are the participants in a phase of denial towards the addiction?
FEASIBLE ALGORITHMS FOR LATTICE AND

In some practical situations (e.g., in econometrics), it is important to check whether a given linear subspace of a space Rm with component-wise order is a lattice – and if it is not, whether it is at least a directed ordered space. Because of the practical importance, it is desirable to have feasible algorithms for solving these problems – which in Computer Science is usually interpreted as algorithms whose computation time does not exceed a polynomial of the length of the input. No such algorithms were previously known. In this paper, we present feasible algorithms for solving both problems.
Renal Transplantation in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis: A Multicenter Experience

Background. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a common cause of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis resulting in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The optimal timing of kidney transplantation (KTX) for ESRD as a result of AAV and the risk of AAV relapse after KTX are not well defined. We report our experience with AAV patients who underwent KTX at our institutions between 1996 and 2010. Median follow-up was 64 months. Methods. Retrospective multicenter cohort study. Results. Eighty-five patients (45 men/40 women; mean age 49 years) received a KTX for ESRD secondary to microscopic polyangiitis (n=43) or Wegener's granulomatosis (n=42). Twenty-four patients underwent preemptive KTX and 69 received a living-donor KTX. All patients were in remission at the time of KTX. Fifty-eight patients received induction therapy. In 64 patients, maintenance immunosuppression was with prednisone, mycophenolate mofetil, and tacrolimus. At the time of KTX, 29 patients were ANCA-positive. The vasculitis relapse rate was 0.02 per patient-years and was not influenced by disease category, ANCA subtype, or remission duration before KTX. There were 23 rejection episodes in 13 patients with seven graft losses. Median serum creatinine at 1 year was 1.3 mg/dL in 75 patients with more than 1 year follow-up and 1.4 mg/dL at last follow-up. The graft and patient survival rates were 100% at 1 year, 97.9% and 93.4% at 5 years, and 79.0% and 67.4% at 10 years, respectively. Conclusions. KTX is a safe and an effective option for treating ESRD secondary to AAV. Relapses are rare with current immunosuppression.
Structured Output Learning with Polynomial Kernel

We propose a new method which enables the training of a kernelized structured output model. The structured output learning can flexibly represent a problem, and thus is gaining popularity in natural language processing. Meanwhile the polynomial kernel method is effective in many natural language processing tasks, since it takes into account the combination of features. However, it is computationally difficult to simultaneously use both the structured output learning and the kernel method. Our method avoids this difficulty by transforming the kernel function, and enables the kernelized structured output learning. We theoretically discuss the computational complexity of the proposed method and also empirically show its high efficiency and effectiveness through experiments in the task of identifying agreement and disagreement relations between utterances in meetings. Identifying agreement and disagreement relations consists of two mutuallycorrelated problems: identification of the utterance which each utterance is intended for, and classification of each utterance into approval, disapproval or others. We simultaneously use both of the structured output learning and the kernel method in order to take into account this correlation of the two problems.
Categorization of Fetal Heart Rate Decelerations in American and European Practice: Importance and Imperative of Avoiding Framing and Confirmation Biases

Interpretation of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) remains controversial and unsatisfactory. Fetal heart rate (FHR) decelerations are the commonest aberrant feature on cardiotocographs and considered “center-stage” in the interpretation of EFM. A recent American study suggested that the lack of correlation of American three-tier system to neonatal acidemia may be due to the current peculiar nomenclature of FHR decelerations leading to loss of meaning. The pioneers like Hon and Caldeyro-Barcia classified decelerations based primarily on time relationship to contractions and not on etiology per se. This critical analysis debates pros and cons of significant anchoring/framing and confirmation biases in defining different types of decelerations based primarily on the shape (slope) or time of descent. It would be important to identify benign early decelerations correctly to avoid unnecessary intervention as well as to improve the positive predictive value of the other types of decelerations. Currently the vast majority of decelerations are classed as “variable”. This review shows that the most common rapid decelerations during contractions with trough corresponding to peak of contraction cannot be explained by “cord-compression” hypothesis but by direct/pure (defined here as not mediated through baro-/chemoreceptors) or non-hypoxic vagal reflex. These decelerations are benign, most likely and mainly a result of head-compression and hence should be called “early” rather than “variable”. Standardization is important but should be appropriate and withstand scientific scrutiny. Significant framing and confirmation biases are necessarily unscientific and the succeeding three-tier interpretation systems and structures embodying these biases would be dysfunctional and clinically unhelpful. Clinical/pathophysiological analysis and avoidance of flaws/biases suggest that a more physiological and scientific categorization of decelerations should be based on time relationship to contractions alone irrespective of shape or descent time as indeed proposed by pioneers like Hon and Caldeyro-Barcia. Such meaningful categorization, apart from being a scientific necessity, could improve the practical performance of three-tier FHR interpretation systems and possibly application of dependent complementary techniques like fetal ECG/pulse oximetry/computer-aided analysis, thus facilitating future progress in the field of intrapartum fetal monitoring.
Human Judgements in Parallel Treebank Alignment

We have built a parallel treebank that includes word and phrase alignment. The alignment information was manually checked using a graphical tool that allows the annotator to view a pair of trees from parallel sentences. We found the compilation of clear alignment guidelines to be a difficult task. However, experiments with a group of students have shown that we are on the right track with up to 89% overlap between the student annotation and our own. At the same time these experiments have helped us to pin-point the weaknesses in the guidelines, many of which concerned unclear rules related to differences in grammatical forms between the languages.