Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Indicators of Unemployment and Low-Wage Traps (Marginal Effective Tax Rates on Employment Incomes) Annexes 1 and 2

This paper presents results from an on-going joint European Commission / OECD project, aimed at monitoring the direct influence of tax and benefit instruments on household incomes. The project uses and extends OECD tax-benefit models to compute a range of work incentive indicators such as marginal effective tax rates on earned income. This paper provides a methodological background describing these extensions. It also discusses the usefulness of a range of indicators such as net replacement rates and marginal effective tax rates and to what extent they can be used to quantify possible work disincentives. The approaches are illustrated using detailed tax-benefit calculations for 2001 and comparing relevant indicators across 15 EU and 8 non-EU countries. The results presented in this paper permit the identification of family circumstances where (1) financial incentives to increase work are either small or missing altogether; or (2) resources provided by social transfers may be . Cette etude presente les resultats d’un projet commun Commission europeenne/OCDE qui vise a faire apparaitre l’impact direct des mecanismes fiscaux et de prestations sur le revenu des menages. Le projet utilise, en les elargissant, les modeles fiscalite-prestations de l’OCDE pour calculer divers indicateurs de l’incitation a l’activite tels que le taux marginal effectif d’imposition des revenus du travail. Cette etude donne, par ailleurs, des indications methodologiques sur la facon dont il a ete procede. On examine aussi la pertinence de differents indicateurs tels que le taux de remplacement net et le taux marginal effectif d’imposition, et on cherche a voir dans quelle mesure ils peuvent permettre de mesurer d’eventuels effets decincitatifs vis-a-vis de l’activite. A des fins d’illustration, on presente des calculs detailles impots-prestations pour 2001 et on procede a des comparaisons d’indicateurs pertinents dans les 15 pays de l’UE et 8 pays non membres de .
F eb 2 01 6 NED : An InterGraph Node Metric on Edit Distance

Node similarity is a fundamental problem in graph analytics. However, node similarity between nodes in different graphs (inter-graph nodes) has not been investigated adequately yet. The intergraph node similarity is important in learning a new graph based on the knowledge of an existing graph (transfer learning in graphs) and has applications in biological, communication, and social networks. In this paper, we propose a novel distance function for measuring inter-graph node similarity with edit distance, called NED. In NED, two inter-graph nodes are compared according to their local neighborhood topological structures which are unlabeled unordered k-adjacent trees. Since the computation problem of tree edit distance on unordered trees is NP-Complete. In this paper, we propose a modified tree edit distance, called TED* for comparing neighborhood trees. The TED* is also a metric distance as the original tree edit distance but more importantly, TED* is polynomially computable. Compared to existing inter-graph node similarity measures, not only NED is a metric for nodes that can admit efficient indexing methods, but also by using topological information, NED is a more precise measure for real-world applications such as graph de-anonymization. The efficiency and effectiveness of NED are empirically demonstrated by using real-world graphs.
Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Raised against the Latent Nuclear Antigen of Human Herpesvirus 8

ABSTRACT Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8; also designated Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) is the likely etiological agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). HHV-8 encodes a latent nuclear antigen (LNA) which is the product of the viral gene orf 73. LNA is recognized by most infected patient sera and is the basis of current immunofluorescence assays used in epidemiological studies of HHV-8 infection. Here we describe the characterization of four monoclonal antibodies raised to the C-terminal third of LNA–glutathioneS-transferase fusion proteins. These monoclonal antibodies recognized discrete linear epitopes within the C terminus and repetitive region of LNA, detected antigen in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells, and precipitated a 220- to 230-kDa protein doublet corresponding to LNA from HHV-8-infected PEL cell lines. In situ immunocytochemistry of KS lesions with these antibodies show that LNA is extensively expressed in KS spindle cells.
Guidelines for prevention of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: co-sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: the

The aim of this new statement is to provide comprehensive and timely evidence-based recommendations on the prevention of ischemic stroke among survivors of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Evidence-based recommendations are included for the control of risk factors, interventional approaches for atherosclerotic disease, antithrombotic treatments for cardioembolism, and the use of antiplatelet agents for noncardioembolic stroke. Further recommendations are provided for the prevention of recurrent stroke in a variety of other specific circumstances, including arterial dissections; patent foramen ovale; hyperhomocysteinemia; hypercoagulable states; sickle cell disease; cerebral venous sinus thrombosis; stroke among women, particularly with regard to pregnancy and the use of postmenopausal hormones; the use of anticoagulation after cerebral hemorrhage; and special approaches for the implementation of guidelines and their use in high-risk populations.
Managing marine turtles: A study of marine turtle conservation science and policy.

Marine turtles are an ancient group of reptiles that have been used by humans as a source of protein for over 7,000 years. In recent decades, acknowledgement of the various threats to marine turtles, including the deleterious impact of historical and contemporary use on many populations, led the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to list all seven extant species of marine turtle on their Red List of Threatened Species. Consequently, marine turtles are often given protected status in the national legislation of countries around the world, despite the existence of ongoing use cultures in communities that live with marine turtles. Conservation strategies are challenged by the migratory nature of marine turtles, which have complex life histories typically involving the use of habitats in the jurisdictions of multiple sovereign states as well as the high seas. As a result, a suite of multi-lateral environmental agreements (MEAs) list marine turtles in the most highly protective categories. Thus, governments of sovereign states that have acceded to the various MEAs are committed to conservation strategies requiring national action and cooperative multi-lateral action, which can conflict with interests of communities with a tradition of marine turtle consumption. In this thesis I provide examples of how contemporary scientific research methods can elucidate the migratory behaviours of marine turtles, and can help define range of populations subject to national conservation action and use. I examine specific examples of how this information can inform national and multi-lateral conservation policies and strategies; how those policies and strategies interact and impact on traditional cultures of marine turtle use in the UK Overseas Territories in the Caribbean; and provide an example of the potential benefits of engaging stakeholders with contemporary research methods. This thesis highlights the utility of a multi-disciplinary approach to research underpinning marine turtle conservation and management, which acknowledges the limitations of MEAs and national government capacity, and which incorporates participation of those communities engaged in marine turtle consumption.
Pre-Publication Copy: Estimating the Energy Use and Efficiency Potential of U.S. Data Centers

Abstract: Data centers are a significant and growing component of electricity demand in the United States. This paper presents a bottom up model that can be used to estimate total data center electricity demand within a region as well as the potential electricity savings associated with energy efficiency improvements. The model is applied to estimate 2008 U.S. data center electricity demand and the technical potential for electricity savings associated with major measures for IT devices and infrastructure equipment. Results suggest that 2008 demand was approximately 69 billion kilowatthours (1.8percent of 2008 total U.S. electricity sales) and that it may be technically feasible to reduce this demand by up to 80percent (to 13 billion kilowatt-hours) through aggressive pursuit of energy efficiency measures. Measure-level savings estimates are provided, which shed light on the relative importance of different measures at the national level. Measures applied to servers are found to have the greatest contribution to potential savings.
Cytomorphological characterization of a nuclear male sterile line of chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Morphological and cytological characterization of a nuclear male sterile line (MS-12) of chilli revealed association of 3 morphological markers, viz., taller plant height, erect plant growth habit and dark purple anthers with the male sterile plants. A scheme has been proposed to identify and remove majority of male fertile plants from hybrid seed production field at early growth stage based on shorter plant height and intermediate growth habit (male fertile) followed by identification and removal of the remaining male fertile plants on the basis of light purple anthers at later stage. Meiotic analyses of male fertile and male sterile plants revealed that MS-12 was a sporogenous male sterile line, in which microspores degenerated immediately after formation of the tetrads.
ASEAN-India Gas Cooperation: Redifining India's "Look East" Policy with Myanmar

As economic power shifts towards Asia---particularly China, India and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) ---a robust energy cooperation within this region will help sustain the region's development. Cooperation master plans already in place include interconnecting power grids and gas pipelines, engaging in cross-border power projects and promoting freer trade of energy commodities among the countries. The East Asia Summit region (EAS) pioneers such cooperation not only within the ASEAN region and the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) but with nations such as India, Russia, the United States, and Australia as well. This study, though, focuses more on India and how its Look East Policy helps forged trade and other bilateral cooperation with the ASEAN nations, and how Myanmar plays a strategic role in India's energy security. This study also concentrates on a particular energy resource---natural gas---and develops a quantitative assessment model to evaluate India and its neighbouring countries' long-term natural gas demand, corresponding infrastructure requirements, and investment demand. Specifically, it looks at how India’s Look East Policy can help secure the required amount of natural gas from the ASEAN and East Asia region and at what cost. There is nothing new with including Myanmar in a discussion on regional energy cooperation. After all, this is a country with abundant untapped natural resources, including hydro and natural gas. However, very few studies have so far focused on Myanmar’s strategic location and geography and how it can provide the non-energy resources---such as land, water, human resources, and maritime channels for seaborne trade---needed to develop a robust integrated energy market. All these are essential factor inputs for large-scale energy infrastructure projects. This study thus explores Myanmar's role in helping India with the latter's own energy security. Through a three-stage analysis of the regional energy problem, the study demonstrates that India is eventually going to depend more on gas (after coal) for its energy supply. As India’s home-grown gas supply is not sufficient to meet its domestic gas demand, it currently imports more than 75 percent of its requirement from Qatar. Given the growth in future demand, growing supply volatility of Middle East gas, and increasing gas prices (including Asian premium), any dependence on the Middle East's supply makes gas more expensive and vulnerable for India. Also, since more than 27 percent of the landed price of gas and LNG in the country consists of transport cost, it is important to reduce the distance of transport.
Occupational segregation and the gender wage gap in Brazil: an empirical analysis

Several countries experienced an increase in female labor participation during the twentieth century. Even so, few can be proud of the conditions female workers faced. This paper analyzes the occupational distribution by gender from 1978 to in 2007 in Brazil. It shows that women have penetrated traditionally male occupations to a certain extent, but that traditionally female occupations have maintained their gender composition over the past 30 years. We also provide a regression analysis with an Oaxaca decomposition that shows that the gender wage gap is lower than in 1978, but that it has remained constant over the last decade.
A comparison of methods to assess site index in young Norway spruce stands

This study investigates whether the site index curve method (SICM) and the growth intercept method (GIM) can be used for site index predictions in younger Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. ) stands than recommended by current guidelines. For SICM it was thus investigated whether the method could be used for stands younger than ten years, and for GIM it was tested whether a starting point for the intercept measurements could be used below the recommended 2.5 meter. This was tested based on measurements taken from experimental stands in Tonnersjoheden Research Forest. For GIM it was found that the method can only be used when the TH-trees of a stand have five complete intercepts above 2.5 meters. For the method to be applicable beyond this, it will be necessary to adapt the underlying equations, perhaps following the Canadian example where a 1.3 meter intercept start is used. In conclusion it is not currently possible to apply the approach beyond the current recommendations. For SICM, SI predictions are accurate for the study area already form year three. This indicates that SICM may be applicable to stands that are significantly younger than ten years. These results are very promising, but due to the geographical limitations of the study, no general conclusions can be drawn. For SICM to be used confidently on younger stands on a regular basis it is necessary to conduct a larger field study that covers a whole range of Swedish latitudes across the entire spectrum of spruce site types.
KOMBINASI PROSEDUR PEMODELAN SUBSET ARIMA DAN DETEKSI OUTLIER UNTUK PREDIKSI DATA RUNTUN WAKTU

Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) merupakan salah satu model paling popular yang biasa digunakan untuk prediksi data runtun waktu. Tahapan yang paling krusial dalam pemodelan ARIMA adalah identifikasi dan pemilihan model terbaik berdasarkan karakteristik data. Tahapan-tahapan tersebut membutuhkan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang karakteristik data berdasarkan pola fungsi autokorelasi (FAK) dan fungsi autokorelasi parsial (FAKP). Tujuan dari tahap identifikasi adalah mencocokkan pola FAK dan FAKP sampel dengan pola FAK dan FAKP teoritis untuk menentukan order ARIMA yang tepat, termasuk order dari Subset ARIMA. Berdasarkan order yang ditentukan melalui tahapan identifikasi tersebut akan digunakan untuk penentuan model ARIMA atau Subset ARIMA yang tepat. Namun demikian apabila pada tahapan identifikasi ini dapat diketahui terdapat observasi yang secara mencolok berbeda dengan observasi lainnya, maka dapat diindikasikan bahwa dalam populasi terdapat data pencilan atau outlier. Pada kasus data runtun waktu, outlier dapat mempengaruhi kesesuaian model. Dalam tulisan ini, diusulkan prosedur pemodelan Subset ARIMA yang dikombinasikan dengan pendeteksian outlier untuk prediksi data runtun waktu. Proses tersebut dimulai dengan model ARIMA yang melibatkan lag yang signifikan berdasarkan pola FAK dan FAKP. Penambahan order AR atau MA didasarkan pada konsep over-fitting, yaitu berdasarkan pola FAK dan FAKP dari residual. Untuk menganalisis kesesuaian model salah satunya dilakukan dengan cara pendeteksian pengamatan outlier. Apabila terdapat outlier dalam data, maka perlu diatasi dengan cara memasukkan pengamatan outlier tersebut ke dalam model. Outlier diklasifikasikan menjadi Additive Outlier (AO), Innovative Outlier (IO), Level Shift (LS) dan Transitory Change (TC). Kombinasi prosedur tersebut diterapkan untuk mengkonstruksikan model inflasi di Indonesia. Kata kunci: Runtun waktu; Subset ARIMA; FAK; FAKP; Outlier.
Finite-time model-free trajectory tracking control for overhead cranes subject to model uncertainties, parameter variations and external disturbances

The payload mass and the cable length are always different/uncertain for various transportation tasks and external disturbances that accompany industrial overhead crane systems. In addition, existing control methods can obtain merely asymptotic results. To solve the aforementioned problems, an accurate model-free trajectory tracking controller subject to finite time convergence for overhead crane systems is proposed based on the suitably defined non-singular terminal sliding vector. Moreover, the proposed controller is absolutely continuous, addressing the limitations and shortcomings of the traditional sliding mode control. Lyapunov techniques are used to prove that the proposed controller guarantees finite-time tracking result and the finite time T is calculated. Simulation and experimental results are included to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed controller with respect to model uncertainties, parameter variations and external disturbances.
A palynological investigation of the chalk-rich diamicts of north Norfolk

Except for sample 4, the samples examined are either rich in Kimmeridgian or Late Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts. This conclusion would support two distinct ice flow directions for this chalk-rich till facies in this area. Samples 1, 2, 3, 6 and 8 are rich in Kimmeridgian dinoflagellate cysts. They also have similar palynomorph signatures in that the Kimmeridgian dinoflagellate cyst floras are generally associated with low levels of Carboniferous and Lower Cretaceous spores and, unsurprisingly, significant levels of Jurassic miospores. Sample 8 yielded the most diverse Kimmeridgian dinoflagellate cysts that are indicative of the input of Lower Kimmeridge Clay Formation. The other Kimeridgian rich samples (1, 2, 3 and 6) are similar in species makeup, so these are also assumed to have been derived from the Lower Kimmeridge Clay. Samples 5 and 7 are dominated by Late Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts indicative of substantial input from the Chalk Group. The association in sample 5 is indicative of the Campanian to early Maastrichtian, indicating input from the Upper Chalk. The flora from sample 7 is similar to that of sample 5 and is also assumed to have been derived from the local Upper Chalk. Sample 4 is unlike the remainder of the samples and is dominated by Quaternary pollen and non-age diagnostic forms, with lesser proportions of early Toarcian, Late Cretaceous and Palaeogene dinoflagellate cysts.
Kalman Filtering: Theory and Practice Using MATLAB

The definitive textbook and professional reference on Kalman Filtering fully updated, revised, and expanded This book contains the latest developments in the implementation and application of Kalman filtering. Authors Grewal and Andrews draw upon their decades of experience to offer an in-depth examination of the subtleties, common pitfalls, and limitations of estimation theory as it applies to real-world situations. They present many illustrative examples including adaptations for nonlinear filtering, global navigation satellite systems, the error modeling of gyros and accelerometers, inertial navigation systems, and freeway traffic control. Kalman Filtering: Theory and Practice Using MATLAB, Fourth Edition is an ideal textbook in advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate courses in stochastic processes and Kalman filtering. It is also appropriate for self-instruction or review by practicing engineers and scientists who want to learn more about this important topic.
Web Services Atomic Transaction (WS- AtomicTransaction)

This specification provides the definition of the atomic transaction coordination type that is to be used with the extensible coordination framework described in the WSCoordination specification. The specification defines three specific agreement coordination protocols for the atomic transaction coordination type: completion, volatile two-phase commit, and durable two-phase commit. Developers can use any or all of these protocols when building applications that require consistent agreement on the outcome of short-lived distributed activities that have the all-or-nothing property. Composable Architecture By using the SOAP [SOAP]and WSDL [WSDL] extensibility model, SOAP-based and WSDL-based specifications are designed to work together to define a rich Web services environment. As such, WS-AtomicTransaction by itself does not define all features required for a complete solution. WS-AtomicTransaction is a building block used with other specifications of Web services (e.g., WS-Coordination, WS-Security) and application-specific protocols that are able to accommodate a wide variety of coordination protocols related to the coordination actions of distributed applications.
SiPM-based dual-ended-readout DOI-TOF PET module based on mean-time method

Positron emission tomography (PET) with high resolution and high sensitivity is desirable for detecting cancers and neurological diseases. In this work, a depth-of-interaction (DOI)-time-of-flight (TOF) PET has been attempted to achieve both high spatial and high timing resolution. Dual-ended readout is a simple technique that can provide excellent timing and DOI resolutions and consistent signal arrival times, regardless of the DOI position along the scintillation crystal, as a mean-time method is used. A dual-ended readout DOI-TOF PET module consisting of a 6 × 6 array of 2 × 2 × 20 mm3 saw-cut cerium-doped lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) crystals is constructed. Both ends of the LYSO crystal array are optically coupled to a multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC) with 4 × 4 channels. The sixteen MPPC outputs are reduced to four position signals using a charge division circuit (CDC) board, and the timing signal is extracted from the common cathode of the MPPC. The four position signals from the MPPC are digitized by a DRS4-based high-speed waveform digitizer with a sampling rate of 5 GSa/s. A 22Na source is placed in front of a reference detector and at the side of the dual-ended readout DOI-TOF PET module in five steps of 2 mm, 6 mm, 10 mm, 14 mm, and 18 mm to measure the DOI, coincidence timing resolutions (CTRs), and mean-times. The full-width-half-maximums (FWHMs) of DOI resolutions and CTRs varied from 3.0 mm to 3.8 mm, with an average of 3.5 mm, and from 333 ps to 367 ps, with an average of 349 ps, respectively. The average of the slopes of the mean-time versus DOI position, for the 36 crystals, was −0.60 ± 1.68 ps/nm, which was consistent with the null value. The dual-ended readout DOI-TOF PET module based on the mean-time method produced both good DOI and CTRs, and consistent signal arrival times. The found solution would be the most advantageous in the small aperture PET systems, such as those for brain and breast imaging.