Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dust and sea salt variability in central East Antarctica (Dome C) over the last 45 kyrs and its implications for southern high‐latitude climate

A detailed record of non‐sea‐salt calcium, a proxy for dust, and sea‐salt sodium, a proxy for sea salt, covering the last 45 kyr is presented. It shows that in the first part of the transition from the last glacial period to the Holocene (18–15 kyr BP), the changes in dust flux mainly reflect changes at the dust source, namely vegetation cover and local climate. The changes in the later part of the transition (12–11 kyr BP) are similar in extent to the changes seen in sea salt and most likely reflect a reorganization of the atmospheric circulation. During the last glacial period, considerable variation of dust but not of sea salt is observed, pointing to climatic changes in Patagonia, the main dust source for Dome C. A comparison of the glacial records from Dome C and Taylor Dome suggests that similar influences controlled aerosol input at both sites during this period.
Decadal Air-Sea Interaction in the North Atlantic Based on Observations and Modeling Results

Abstract The decadal, 12–14-yr cycle observed in the North Atlantic SST and tide gauge data was examined using the NCEP–NCAR reanalyses, the Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set, and an ocean model simulation. SST data are contrasted with tide gauge data, which shows that in SST the decadal mode is nonstationary with strong variability for the last 40–50 yr, but the sea level at the southeastern U.S. coast exhibits a robustly regular variability at this period for the last 75 yr. Thus, sea level variability gives credibility to the existence of a decadal mode. The main finding is that this 12–14-yr cycle can be constructed based on the leading mode of the surface heat flux, which implicates the participation of the thermohaline circulation. This cycle has potential to be a coupled mode because three necessary aspects of a coupled mode are found: a positive feedback between the atmosphere and ocean in the subpolar gyre, a negative feedback of the overturning variability on itself, and a delayed adjustme.
Evaluating the source and residence times of groundwater seepage to streams, New Jersey Coastal Plain

A conceptual model of the patterns and residence times of groundwater seepage to gaining streams indicates that groundwater seepage originates from sources that are both near and far from the stream. Consequently, the age of groundwater seepage across a stream‐channel transect increases from its banks to its center and becomes progressively older with distance downstream. A groundwater flow model and particle‐tracking analysis of the Cohansey River Basin in the New Jersey Coastal Plain supports this conceptual model and demonstrates that the orientation of the stream channels with respect to the regional groundwater flow direction, and the heterogeneities of the aquifer and stream‐channel patterns, can shift source area locations and distributions of groundwater residence time from those expected. Groundwater samples collected from stream transects were analyzed for nitrogen, representative of widespread agricultural land use in the basin in recent decades, and for chlorofluorocarbons, used to estimate groundwater ages. The patterns of nitrogen concentration and the age of groundwater entering the stream channel corroborate model inferences. The conceptual model of groundwater seepage to streams presented herein is relevant to unconfined aquifer systems with gaining streams and demonstrates how nonpoint‐source contaminants are transported to streams by groundwater. Results are useful for the design of programs needed to monitor stream‐water quality.
Isotope analysis of human and animal diets from the Hanamiai archaeological site (French Polynesia)

We report the first palaeodietary stable isotope study of humans and animals from an East Polynesian archaeological site. The Hanamiai Dune in the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia has a long stratigraphy (ca. 1025 AD to 1850 AD). We obtained carbon and nitrogen isotope values for a wide range of terrestrial and marine species from different cultural layers. We also analyzed four human teeth representing four different individuals. Pigs, rats and dogs from the initial occupation phases had isotope signatures indicating marine protein consumption, probably linked to the consumption, and subsequent extinction, of indigenous seabirds. We found evidence of different pig husbandry practices, with some pigs having an almost entirely marine diet. Humans, surprisingly, did not have a mainly marine diet but likely derived the majority of their protein from eating terrestrial mammals such as pigs, as well as perhaps dogs and rats.
Distributed Hydrologic Modeling in a Partially Urbanized Agricultural Watershed using Water and Energy Transfer Process Model

The water and energy transfer process (WEP) model, which has been successfully applied to urbanized watersheds, is improved for hydrologic modeling in an agricultural watershed by developing a paddy model. The new model is used to simulate the Yata watershed at 100 m grid size and variable time step. A 4 year 3 month simulation is performed for model calibration and verification. Model results are compared to measured values of river discharges, groundwater levels, and soil moisture contents. Sensitivity of annual water budgets and hourly river discharges to rainfall estimation error is also analyzed. The verified model is applied to simulate the long-term variation of water budgets and flood-retarding effects of paddy fields in the watershed. Study results indicate that: (1) the WEP model is applicable to agricultural watersheds in addition to urbanized ones; (2) annual weather variations give more obvious impact on water budgets than urbanization in the agricultural watershed; and (3) paddy fields play .
SHARING OF WEAK SIGNALS OF 1 POSITIVE SELECTION ACROSS THE 2 GENOME 3

6 Selection in humans often leaves subtle signatures at individual loci. Few stud-7 ies have measured the extent to which these signals are shared among human 8 populations. Here a new method is developed to compare weak signals of se-9 lection in aggregate across the genome using the 1000 Genomes Phase 3 Data. 10 Results presented here show that selection producing weak selection serves to 11 increase population differences around coding areas of the genome. 12
A Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Reef Stonefish (Synanceia verrucosa) Provides Novel Insights into Stonustoxin (sntx) Genes

Abstract Reef stonefish (Synanceia verrucosa) is one of the most venomous fishes, but its biomedical study has been restricted to molecular cloning and purification of its toxins, instead of high-throughput genetic research on related toxin genes. In this study, we constructed a chromosome-level haplotypic genome assembly for the reef stonefish. The genome was assembled into 24 pseudo-chromosomes, and the length totaled 689.74 Mb, reaching a contig N50 of 11.97 Mb and containing 97.8% of complete BUSCOs. A total of 24,050 protein-coding genes were annotated, of which metalloproteinases, C-type lectins, and stonustoxins (sntx) were the most abundant putative toxin genes. Multitissue transcriptomic and venom proteomic data showed that sntx genes, especially those clustered within a 50-kb region on the chromosome 2, had higher transcription levels than other types of toxins as well as those sntx genes scatteringly distributed on other chromosomes. Further comparative genomic analysis predicted an expansion of sntx-like genes in the Percomorpha lineage including nonvenomous fishes, but Scorpaenoidei species experienced extra independent sntx duplication events, marking the clear-cut origin of authentic toxic stonustoxins. In summary, this high-quality genome assembly and related comparative analysis of toxin genes highlight valuable genetic differences for potential involvement in the evolution of venoms among Scorpaeniformes fishes.
Workshop on Text Mining and Generation (TMG)

This paper is a report on the first Text Mining and Generation Workshop (TMG), which was a one-day virtual event hosted at the German Conference on Artificial Intelligence (KI 2022) in Trier, Germany. In addition to four accepted original papers, there were three invited talks by speakers who presented their works already published at high-ranked conferences as well as one keynote by a pioneer in the two research fields relevant to the workshop.
Strive or thrive: Trends in Phytophthora capsici gene expression in partially resistant pepper

Partial resistance in plants generally exerts a low selective pressure on pathogens, and thus ensuring their durability in agrosystems. However, little is known about the effect of partial resistance on the molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity, a knowledge that could advance plant breeding for sustainable plant health. Here we investigate the gene expression of Phytophthora capsici during infection of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), where only partial genetic resistance is reported, using Illumina RNA-seq. Comparison of transcriptomes of P. capsici infecting susceptible and partially resistant peppers identified a small number of genes that redirected its own resources into lipid biosynthesis to subsist on partially resistant plants. The adapted and non-adapted isolates of P. capsici differed in expression of genes involved in nucleic acid synthesis and transporters. Transient ectopic expression of the RxLR effector genes CUST_2407 and CUST_16519 in pepper lines differing in resistance levels revealed specific host-isolate interactions that either triggered local necrotic lesions (hypersensitive response or HR) or elicited leave abscission (extreme resistance or ER), preventing the spread of the pathogen to healthy tissue. Although these effectors did not unequivocally explain the quantitative host resistance, our findings highlight the importance of plant genes limiting nutrient resources to select pepper cultivars with sustainable resistance to P. capsici.
Two‐color photoelectric photometry of the earthshine

This paper presents two-color observations of the earthshine made during 14 nights of July and August 1965 at the Boyden Observatory in South Africa. Although the information provided is limited because the observations cover a range in phase angle of only 45°, it is possible to derive earth albedos of 0.30 in V and 0.36 in B, both accurate to about 10%.
Research on the Noise Reduction and E�ciency Increase for Axial Fan with Wave Leading Edge Blades

 Abstract: This paper imitates the raised structure of the leading edge of the humpback whale fin limbs, designed six bionic blades. The aerodynamic analysis show that: the wave leading edge blade can improve the total pressure efficiency of the axial flow fan, and under off-design conditions, the aerodynamic performance of bionic fan is better than that of prototype fan. The noise analysis shows that: under the condition of constant wave number, increasing wave amplitude can reduce the overall sound pressure level at the monitoring point, in the middle and high frequency range, the sound pressure level of the bionic fan at the monitoring point is significantly lower than that of the prototype fan, and the noise reduction effect increases with the increase of wave amplitude; under the condition of constant wave amplitude, increasing the wave number can reduce the fan noise. At a certain wave number and amplitude, the overall sound pressure level of the bionic fan at the monitoring point is at most 2.91 dB lower than that of the prototype fan. In this paper, the noise reduction effect of increasing wave number is more obvious than that of increasing wave amplitude.
Benefit Transfers: Conceptual and Empirical Issues

The focus of this special section is the conceptual and empirical issues regarding benefit transfer applications. A benefit transfer is the application of monetary values obtained from a particular nonmarket goods analysis to an alternative or secondary policy decision setting. The papers address the ongoing development of the procedures for benefit transfers through a case study approach. This paper attempts to focus the discussion of benefit transfers and highlight the issues discussed in each of the papers.
workplace solutions – can they deliver the offices that employees have been waiting for?

Purpose – User-centred intelligent buildings (IBs) should respond to users ’ needs holistically and the demand for end user applications is steadily growing. The purpose of this study is to answer: What are end user applications, what should they be called,andwhat aretheir key features? Design/methodology/approach – This is a mixed-method study. The authors have used different data sources, such as online research and interviews. In data processing, the authors have used word counting and Latent DirichletAllocationtopicmodeling. Findings – Theseenduserapplicationscan providethemissing user-centeredelementsofIBs. Theauthorshave found that “ smart workplace solution ” (SWS) is the best term to describe these applications, and they also describe thekeyfeatures,whichincludebooking,showingfreespaces,occupancytracking,way ﬁ ndingandsearching. Research limitations/implications – As theenduser applicationsareconstantly andrapidly evolving, the latest evolving of such applications might not be covered. Furthermore, the authors have relied on companies ’ informationas given. Originality/value – IBs have emerged over 20years ago, and these are the ﬁ rst solutions that can be consideredtruly user-centered.
Lim Mindfulness dynamic functional connectivity 2

While mindfulness is commonly viewed as a skill to be cultivated through practice, untrained individuals can also vary widely in dispositional mindfulness. Prior research has identified static neural connectivity correlates of this trait. Here, we use dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) analysis of resting-state fMRI to study time-varying connectivity patterns associated with naturally varying and objectively measured trait mindfulness. Participants were selected from the top and bottom tertiles of performers on a breath-counting task to form high trait mindfulness (HTM; N = 21) and low trait mindfulness (LTM; N = 18) groups. DFC analysis of resting state fMRI data revealed that the HTM group spent significantly more time in a brain state associated with task-readiness – a state characterized by high within-network connectivity and greater anti-correlations between task-positive networks and the default-mode network (DMN). The HTM group transitioned between brain states more frequently, but the dwell time in each episode of the task-ready state was equivalent between groups. These results persisted even after controlling for vigilance. Across individuals, certain connectivity metrics were weakly correlated with self-reported mindfulness as measured by the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, though these did not survive multiple comparisons correction. In the static connectivity maps, HTM individuals had greater within-network connectivity in the DMN and the salience network, and greater anti-correlations between the DMN and task-positive networks. In sum, DFC features robustly distinguish HTM and LTM individuals, and may be useful biological markers for the measurement of dispositional mindfulness.
Soil nematode responses to year-to-year variation of low levels of heavy metals

The composition of the nematode assemblage in pasture plots that received sewage sludge amended with 4 rates of Cu, Ni, or Zn was assessed in 5 years; the highest rate of application of each metal was near the New Zealand regulatory limit. The activity of heavy metals in soil solution was determined at each sampling. In terms of management, pasture conditions in 1999 and 2000 were most settled, and while the activities of Cu, Ni, and Zn explained some 44% of variance in total nematodes, there were few significant correlations between nematode genera and individual heavy metals. Both Cu and Zn depressed nematode diversity (H′) and the decomposition index. There were, however, no consistent effects on any nematode functional group. Over the 5 years sampled there were few consistent correlations between soil nematodes and heavy metal activity, the greatest being significant depression of H′ by Zn in 3 years. There was no effect on the total maturity index. Although the few significant effects may reflect the relatively low heavy metal activities, a detailed analysis of heavy metal impact on the nematode assemblage, and thus its contribution to soil processes, would require relating the 6 functional groups to their food resources in the various plots.
Structural basis of Rho-dependent transcription termination

Rho and NusG mediate factor-dependent transcription termination in Escherichia coli. Here, we report preparation of complexes functional in factor-dependent termination from RNA polymerase (RNAP), Rho, NusG, and synthetic nucleic-acid scaffolds, and we report cryo-EM structures of complexes. The structures show that functional factor-dependent pre-termination complexes contain a closed-ring Rho hexamer, have RNA threaded through the central channel of Rho, have 60 nt of RNA interacting sequence-specifically with the exterior of Rho and 6 nt of RNA interacting sequence-specifically with the central channel of Rho, have Rho oriented relative to RNAP such that ATP-hydrolysis-dependent translocation by Rho exerts mechanical force on RNAP, and have NusG bridging Rho and RNAP. The results explain five decades of research on Rho and provide a foundation for understanding Rho function. One sentence summary Cryo-EM reveals the structure of the functional Rho pre-termination complex
New insights into tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) infections in Türkiye: Molecular detection, phylogenetic analysis, and in silico docking study

Seventy-eight tomato and pepper plants showing symptoms were tested for tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) using specific primers targeting the full coat protein gene (CP) through RT-PCR. Plant samples were collected in Denizli region, Türkiye during September 2021. The PCR screening results revealed that 23 samples were infected with TSWV, indicating an infection rate of 29.48%. PCR products were subsequently sequenced bidirectionally, and the obtained sequences were deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers ON323583-84 for pepper, and OQ597214 for tomato. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a close relationship between the Turkish-Denizli TSWV isolates and previously reported isolates from tomato and pepper plants in Türkiye (KM407603), Hungary (KJ649612), and Serbia (GU369723). Moreover, in this study, three commercial chemicals and five selected phytochemicals were docked against the TSWV CP to assess their binding energies. The docking results indicate that the tested phytochemicals exhibit promising performance compared to other commercial chemicals. This study represents the first molecular and phylogenetic report on TSWV isolates in pepper and tomato plants in Denizli province, Türkiye. Furthermore, the interaction between TSWV and the selected compounds through in silico docking has been reported for the first time.
Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Management and Recent Advances

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a severe complication that can arise after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT), a life-saving procedure for various hematological malignancies and bone marrow disorders. GVHD occurs when donor immune cells recognize the recipient's tissues as foreign and start an immune response, leading to tissue damage and inflammation. Our objectives are to enhance understanding, prevention, and treatment strategies for acute GVHD. We employ an integrated approach involving epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical trial insights. Key findings highlight persistent challenges in GVHD incidence, particularly concerning HLA disparities and ethnicity's role. Acute GVHD remains associated with high mortality rates, emphasizing the need for improved strategies. We explore the disease's phases and discuss promising biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis. Our research underscores the importance of a multifaceted approach to GVHD management, ultimately contributing to enhanced patient care.
A definition and counting of biperiodic recurrent configurations in the sandpile model on square lattice

For the sandpile model on the usual two dimensional grid, we propose a weaker version of Dhar criterion to deﬁne recurrent conﬁgurations among stable biperiodic conﬁgurations. We check this new criterion via an algorithm which auto-stabilises to a canonical ultimately periodic behaviour independent of details in its not fully speciﬁed initialisation. This leads to ultimately periodic edge/vertex traversals similar to those of Cori-Le Borgne [2] in the case of ﬁnite graphs and then to a bijection with some cycle-rooted forests on the torus describing the period. A determinantal formula [5] counts all those forests and the reﬁnement with some monodromy parameters allows to identify in some coeﬃcients the number of recurrent conﬁgurations. The Abelian sandpile model was introduced by physicists Bak, Tang and Wiesenfeld in [1] as a model of self-organized criticality. Given a simple, undirected graph ( V ∪ { s } , E ) where we distinguish s as the sink of the graph, we consider conﬁgurations in this model which are an assignments η : V (cid:55)→ Z of some grains of sand on each vertex. We say that η is stable at x ∈ V if η ( x ) < deg( x ), and η is stable if it is stable at all x ∈ V . If η is unstable at x , then x is allowed to topple which means that the vertex x sends one grain along each incident edge. This toppling is said legal . A toppling is forced when it is not necessarily legal. Grains arriving at the sink are lost. Given a conﬁguration η , we deﬁne a stabilization as a sequence of allowed topplings until a stable conﬁguration is reached. The result of all stabilizations is unique due to commutations of topplings of unstable vertices and is noted stab ( η ).
Hydrological response of an east-Saharan palaeolake (NW Sudan) to early-Holocene climate

We present a palaeolimnological record in western Nubia (NW Sudan, eastern Sahara) isolated from large-scale artesian systems and thus reflecting hydrological changes resulting from local rainfall. Past changes in lake water chemistry and water depth are interpreted by combining results from biological indicators (diatoms, ostracodes and charophytes) with geochemical and stable oxygen and carbon isotope data. Palaeolake Gureinat existed from ~10.9 cal. ka BP until at least 7.1 cal. ka BP and is devided into five lake phases. For the first two millennia the lake was shallow and fluctuating salinity conditions prevailed (500 to 3000 μS/cm). After ~8.7 cal. ka BP, the lake level rose, waters became fresh to oligosaline, and the lake had a minimum depth of at least 8 m. Both transgressive and stable lake phases were punctuated by at least three drops in lake level with complete desiccation at around 10.9 and 8.9 cal. ka BP. The third of these regressions may be coeval with the 8.2 ka climatic event. Sediments younger than 7.1 cal. ka BP representing the mid-Holocene fading of the wet phase were removed by deflation. This record shows that lakes in the eastern Sahara registered short-term climatic events, as long as they were isolated from large-scale artesian groundwater systems. Consequently, even in this continental region, early-Holocene climatic fluctuations affected water levels and salinities of hydrologically isolated lake systems.