Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Negative State of Mind: Patterns of Depressive Symptoms Among Men With High Gender Role Conflict

The author investigated the relationship between patterns of depressive symptoms and subscales of the Gender-Role Conflict Scale (GRCS; J. M. O'Neil, B. J. Helms, R. K. Gable, L. David, & L. S. Wrightsman, 1986) in a sample of college-age men. A factor analysis of the Beck Depression Inventory (A. T. Beck, A. J. Rush, B. F. Shaw, & G. Emery, 1979) identified 3 factors: Negative Attitudes, Performance Difficulties, and Physiological Symptoms. The study revealed that the factor Negative Attitudes, characterized by such symptoms as self-dislike, feelings of failure, guilt, and pessimism, was associated with higher levels of GRCS Restrictive Emotionality. The study's limitations, directions for future research, and the implications for the counseling of male clients are discussed.
Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids and clofibrate on chicken stearoyl-coA desaturase 1 gene expression.

In chicken, adiposity is influenced by hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) 1. This gene is up-regulated by low-fat high-carbohydrate diet and down-regulated by addition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In this study, we present evidence for an inhibition of chicken SCD1 expression by PUFA using reporter gene constructs in transient transfection assays. This inhibition does not involve the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathway, in contrast with what has been observed in rodents. We were able to localise a PUFA as well as an insulin response element within the -372/+125 bp region of the promoter. Sequence analyses of this region allowed identification of several cis-regulatory elements: A sterol regulatory element (SRE) and a juxtaposed NF-Y element which have been shown to be involved in the regulation of mouse SCD genes by PUFA. In addition, we identified an overlapping Sp1/USF motif, which was described to play a role in insulin/glucose and PUFA regulation of fatty synthase, ATP-citrate-lyase, and leptin genes. These data provide the first characterisation of the chicken SCD1 promoter and putative cis-sequences involved in the regulation of this gene by PUFA and insulin.
Bilateral primary sensori‐motor cortex activation of post‐stroke mirror movements: an fMRI study

&NA; This fMRI study was undertaken to test whether the pathophysiological mechanism of mirror movements in hemiparetic stroke patients involves activation of the unaffected motor cortex. We studied 16 control subjects and 51 stroke patients. fMRI was performed at 1.5Tusing a finger flexion‐extension movement paradigm. The incidence of bilateral primary sensorimotor cortex activation was significantly increased during movements of the affected hand of stroke patients who showed mirror movements. Moreover, the incidence of bilateral primary sensorimotor cortex activation increased with the severity of mirror movements and primary sensorimotor cortex was activated bilaterally in all patients who showed sustained mirror movements.We conclude that the motor cortex activation on the non‐stroke side is associated with mirror movements and is correlated with the severity of mirror movements. It seems that the pathophysiological mechanism of sustained mirror movements in stroke patients involves the unaffected motor cortex. NeuroReport 14:1329–1332 © 2003 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
An application in cheddar cheese manufacture for a strain of Lactococcus lactis producing a novel broad-spectrum bacteriocin, lacticin 3147

Lactococcus lactis DPC3147, a strain isolated from an Irish kefir grain, produces a bacteriocin with a broad spectrum of inhibition. The bacteriocin produced is heat stable, particularly at a low pH, and inhibits nisin-producing (Nip+) lactococci. On the basis of the observation that the nisin structural gene (nisA) does not hybridize to DPC3147 genomic DNA, the bacteriocin produced was considered novel and designated lacticin 3147. The genetic determinants which encode lacticin 3147 are contained on a 63-kb plasmid, which was conjugally mobilized to a commercial cheese starter, L. lactis subsp. cremoris DPC4268. The resultant transconjugant, DPC4275, both produces and is immune to lacticin 3147. The ability of lacticin 3147-producing lactococci to perform as cheddar cheese starters was subsequently investigated in cheesemaking trials. Bacteriocin-producing starters (which included the transconjugant strain DPC4275) produced acid at rates similar to those of commercial strains. The level of lacticin 3147 produced in cheese remained constant over 6 months of ripening and correlated with a significant reduction in the levels of nonstarter lactic acid bacteria. Such results suggest that these starters provide a means of controlling developing microflora in ripened fermented products.
On the nature of core-collapse supernova explosions

We investigate in this paper the core-collapse supernova explosion mechanism in both one and two dimensions. We verify the usefulness of neutrino-driven overturn (``convection'') between the shock and the neutrinosphere in igniting the supernova explosion. The 2-D simulation of the core of a 15$\mdot$ star that we present here indicates that the breaking of spherical symmetry may be central to the explosion itself and that a multitude of bent and broken fingers is a common feature of the ejecta. In 2-D, the steady-state shock radius is larger than its value in 1-D by 30\%--100\%. The critical condition for explosion is thereby relaxed. Since supernovae are driven by neutrino heating, they are coronal phenomena, akin to winds, though initially bounded by an accretion tamp. Neutrino energy is pumped into the supernova during the shock's propagation through the inner many thousands of kilometers and not instantaneously. Curiously, just after the explosion is triggered, the matter that will eventually be ejected is still bound. The high-speed fingers that emerge from the core seem a natural explanation for the nickel bullets seen in 87A and the shrapnel inferred in some supernova remnants. Within 100 ms of the explosion, a strong, neutrino-driven wind is blowing outward from the protoneutron star.
Assessing the performance bounds of local feature detectors: Taking inspiration from electronics design practices

Since local feature detection has been one of the most active research areas in computer vision, a large number of detectors have been proposed. This has rendered the task of characterizing the performance of various feature detection methods an important issue in vision research. Inspired by the good practices of electronic system design, a generic framework based on the improved repeatability measure is presented in this paper that allows assessment of the upper and lower bounds of detector performance in an effort to design more reliable and effective vision systems. This framework is then employed to establish operating and guarantee regions for several state-of-the art detectors for JPEG compression and uniform light changes. The results are obtained using a newly acquired, large image database (15092 images) with 539 different scenes. These results provide new insights into the behavior of detectors and are also useful from the vision systems design perspective.
Experimental models linking dendritic cell lineage, phenotype and function

One of the important issues in dendritic cell (DC) biology today is how DC control the fate of T cells. Our data suggest that an important branch point in determining T cell fate is the decision between deletion and memory. We have previously hypothesized that this binary decision is determined by contact with DC derived from lymphoid‐ versus myeloid‐restricted progenitors. However, the false attribution of CD8α expression as a reliable marker of lymphoid origin has underpinned a number of studies in which DC expressing CD8α did not induce deletion, thereby clouding the issue of whether deletion is indeed a function of lymphoid DC. By returning to basics, that is, functional testing of the progeny of lymphoid‐ and myeloid‐restricted progenitors in vivo, we hope to provide clear evidence of the in vivo roles of lymphoid and myeloid DC subsets, independent of assumptions about the surface phenotypes they can assume.
Inductively coupled plasmas at low driving frequencies

We discuss the peculiarities of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) at low driving frequencies. The ratio of electric to magnetic field, ∣ E / ( c B ) ∣ , decreases with decreasing frequency according to Faraday’s law—higher magnetic fields are required to induce the same electric field at lower frequencies. We point out that the ratio of ∣ E / ( c B ) ∣ can be non-uniform in space depending on primary coil configuration and the presence of ferromagnetic materials. In this paper, we consider examples of low-frequency ICPs with negligibly small magnetic fields in plasma. The disparity of time scales for ion transport and the electron energy relaxation results in nonlinear plasma dynamics at low frequencies. Numerical simulations demonstrate that at low frequencies, the presence of plasma has very little effect on spatial distributions of the electric and magnetic fields, which are determined solely by the coil geometry and by the presence of ferromagnetic cores. Simulations of plasma dynamics in ICP over a wide range of driving frequencies and gas pressures illustrate high-frequency, quasi-static and dynamic regimes of discharge operation and explain some trends observed in experiments.
Work–Family Arrangements and Parenting: Are “Family-Friendly” Arrangements Related to Mothers' Involvement in Children's Lives?

Previous research has examined the impact of work—family incompatibility and policies designed to address this incompatibility on both organizational and employee outcomes, including productivity and distress; yet no research has systematically related “family-responsive” arrangements to parenting to assess how these arrangements may be “friendly” to the family. In this article, data is used from a regional sample of employed mothers to investigate this question. Mothers almost uniformly reported that work—family arrangements facilitated their parenting abilities, yet results from a multivariate analysis show that associations between work—family arrangements and parenting are neither large nor widespread. Quantitative findings are augmented by qualitative data on mothers' perceptions of how arrangements affect various aspects of family life. An analysis of mothers' responses to open-ended questions indicates why quantitative analyses might fail at locating relationships between work—family arrangements and standard parenting measures and illuminates aspects of parenting that are facilitated by work—family arrangements.
Design and verification of video quality metrics

This thesis introduces a new method for the design of video quality metrics. In addition a set of generic guidelines for the verification of video quality metrics is described. Video quality metrics are an essential tool for the design of efficient video compression and transmission systems but up to today the methods used for the task of evaluating the quality of a video that has been processed for transmission are very limited in their performance. The goal of visual quality metrics is to assign a quality value to a processed video that is equal or at least similar to the quality that would be assigned to the same video by human observers. To achieve this goal quite some methods have been proposed so far, but none of those has proven to achieve the desired accuracy for a wide set of different sequences or processing steps. The main problem in the design of such quality metrics is the very limited knowledge about the way humans perceive what is shown in a video. While many things can be measured in a video and also some properties can be measured that are known to have an influence on the perceived visual quality, still the quantitative influence of this measured features on the visual quality is unknown. As it is currently not possible to model the human visual system to an extend that would allow designing a visual quality metric only based on such a model it is proposed to treat this human visual system as a black box. This black box is then described only by its inputs, which is the video or a set of measurements that describe this video and its output which for this case is the visual quality that is assigned to this special video. It is proposed to determine the relationship of the input values and the output visual quality using methods provided by multivariate data analysis. Using this approach the quantitative influence of measurements like blur, blocking, detail or motion on the visual quality can be determined. It is shown that accurate visual quality metrics can be built using the described method.
Self-scheduling for hospital nurses: an attempt and its difficulties.

AIM To describe a pilot project on self-scheduling (self-rostering) for hospital nurses and assess its potential values and difficulties in implementation. BACKGROUND Self-scheduling is one aspect of the effort to make the hospital nursing environment more accommodative of nurses' lives. It is part of the good employment practices that nurses want and that can help recruitment, retention and--possibly--patient care. METHOD A self-scheduling programme was implemented on one nursing floor for a year. Its effect on nursing perceptions was gauged by an informal questionnaire, and its effect on the nurse manager was gauged by counting change requests and sick calls, as well as her time spent on scheduling and her perceived annoyance in doing it. FINDINGS During the time of the pilot project nurses felt that they had better control of their time and were able to give better patient care. Also, change requests decreased, as did the time spent by the nurse manager and her sense of annoyance. But since the nurses did not adhere to the rules of the programme, despite repeated efforts by the nurse manager, the attempt floundered. CONCLUSION Self-scheduling can have positive results for nurses and benefit the nurse manager. But if nurses see this as an individual entitlement instead of a balance between individual and unit benefit, everyone loses. This experience may be of use to others trying to implement a self-scheduling system.
The Academic Achievement of Elite Athletes at Australian Schools

While sport and student-athletes have featured in the Australian education system since compulsory schooling, there has been no analysis to date of the link between academic achievement and elite student-athletes. However, this is in stark contrast to the United States of America (US), where student-athletes have been the subject of sustained research and examination. In order to rectify this neglected area of research in the Australian context, this study investigated the Higher School Certificate (HSC) results of 641 Combined High School (CHS) Blues recipients over 11 years from 2001 until 2011, comparing them with the performance of the total general HSC population over the same period. The HSC summary aggregate data for Blues recipients was examined for 15 subjects, plus gender and sport. School Index of Community Socio-Economic Advantage (ICSEA) value also formed part of the analysis. The results demonstrated the student-athletes performed at levels similar to, or better than, their peers. Their performance was notably superior in some subjects such as Personal Development, Health and Physical Education (PDHPE). In particular, female Blues performed at higher levels than male Blues, across the range of subjects. Female Blues also generally outperformed the general HSC population. Analysis of individual Blues sports suggests that swimming produced a disproportionate number of high attainers. The findings suggest that despite their heavy sporting commitments and necessarily demanding training timetables, the sampled elite student-athletes performed at levels equal to, or better than, their peers.
ROAMing terrain: Real-time Optimally Adapting Meshes

Terrain visualization is a difficult problem for applications requiring accurate images of large datasets at high frame rates, such as flight simulation and ground-based aircraft testing using synthetic sensor simulation. On current graphics hardware, the problem is to maintain dynamic, view-dependent triangle meshes and texture maps that produce good images at the required frame rate. We present an algorithm for constructing triangle meshes that optimizes flexible view-dependent error metrics, produces guaranteed error bounds, achieves specified triangle counts directly and uses frame-to-frame coherence to operate at high frame rates for thousands of triangles per frame. Our method, dubbed Real-time Optimally Adapting Meshes (ROAM), uses two priority queues to drive split and merge operations that maintain continuous triangulations built from pre-processed bintree triangles. We introduce two additional performance optimizations: incremental triangle stripping and priority-computation deferral lists. ROAM's execution time is proportional to the number of triangle changes per frame, which is typically a few percent of the output mesh size; hence ROAM's performance is insensitive to the resolution and extent of the input terrain. Dynamic terrain and simple vertex morphing are supported.
Molecular and neuronal plasticity mechanisms in the amygdala-prefrontal cortical circuit: implications for opiate addiction memory formation

The persistence of associative memories linked to the rewarding properties of drugs of abuse is a core underlying feature of the addiction process. Opiate class drugs in particular, possess potent euphorigenic effects which, when linked to environmental cues, can produce drug-related “trigger” memories that may persist for lengthy periods of time, even during abstinence, in both humans, and other animals. Furthermore, the transitional switch from the drug-naïve, non-dependent state to states of dependence and withdrawal, represents a critical boundary between distinct neuronal and molecular substrates associated with opiate-reward memory formation. Identifying the functional molecular and neuronal mechanisms related to the acquisition, consolidation, recall, and extinction phases of opiate-related reward memories is critical for understanding, and potentially reversing, addiction-related memory plasticity characteristic of compulsive drug-seeking behaviors. The mammalian prefrontal cortex (PFC) and basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) share important functional and anatomical connections that are involved importantly in the processing of associative memories linked to drug reward. In addition, both regions share interconnections with the mesolimbic pathway's ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) and can modulate dopamine (DA) transmission and neuronal activity associated with drug-related DAergic signaling dynamics. In this review, we will summarize research from both human and animal modeling studies highlighting the importance of neuronal and molecular plasticity mechanisms within this circuitry during critical phases of opiate addiction-related learning and memory processing. Specifically, we will focus on two molecular signaling pathways known to be involved in both drug-related neuroadaptations and in memory-related plasticity mechanisms; the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase system (ERK) and the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMK). Evidence will be reviewed that points to the importance of critical molecular memory switches within the mammalian brain that might mediate the neuropathological adaptations resulting from chronic opiate exposure, dependence, and withdrawal.
Improving the Energy and Execution Efficiency of a Small Instruction Cache by Using an Instruction Register File

Small filter caches (L0 caches) can be used to obtain significantly reduced energy consumption for embedded systems, but this benefit comes at the cost of increased execution time due to frequent L0 cache misses. The Instruction Register File (IRF) is an architectural extension for providing improved access to frequently occurring instructions. An optimizing compiler can exploit an IRF by packing an application’s instructions, resulting in decreased code size, reduced energy consumption and improved execution time primarily due to a smaller footprint in the instruction cache. The nature of the IRF also allows the execution of packed instructions to overlap with instruction fetch, thus providing a means for tolerating increased fetch latencies. This paper explores the use of an L0 cache enhanced with an IRF to provide even further reduced energy consumption with improved execution time. The results indicate that the IRF is an effective means for offsetting execution time penalties due to pipeline frontend bottlenecks. We also show that by combining an IRF and an L0 cache, we are able to achieve reductions in fetch energy that is greater than using either feature in isolation.
The impact of anxiety and gender on perceiving the Mueller-Lyer illusion

In this study we aimed to investigate the relationships among anxiety, gender, and the Mueller-Lyer illusion perception in a sample of 242 undergraduate students (66 males and 176 females), Participants were divided into 3 groups (high, medium, and low anxiety) in accordance with their anxiety scale scores. Although the overall analysis showed no significant difference between males and females with respect to most variables, a significant difference in anxiety was observed whereby females scored higher than males. The results also showed that gender had no significant correlation to the Mueller-Lyer perception and horizontal-vertical illusion. In addition, no significant difference was found as regards the anxiety and gender relationship to degree of illusion. However, the data did show some significant difference in relationship between anxiety and the perception of illusion, with males exhibiting higher scores for anxiety tending to have higher illusion error scores than males with low anxiety scores. Females with higher anxiety scores also were found to have higher illusion error scores than females with low anxiety scores.
Generic scheduling methods for a linear QR array SoC processor

A scheduling method for implementing a generic linear QR array processor architecture is presented. This improves on previous work. It also considerably simplifies the derivation of schedules for a folded linear system, where detailed account has to be taken of processor cell latency. The architecture and scheduling derived provide the basis of a generator for the rapid design of System-on-a-Chip (SoC) cores for QR decomposition.
Oculo-respiratory syndrome following influenza vaccination: review of post-marketing surveillance through four influenza seasons in Canada.

Influenza vaccines were approved for use in Canada in the late 1970s. The current vaccines are inactivated trivalent split-virus products. The World Health Organization updates these products yearly to provide the best protection for influenza viruses, predicted to circulate in the upcoming influenza season in the Northern hemisphere. Each year, influenza may affect an estimated 10% to 25% of the population and is usually the predominant cause of serious respiratory illness in a community, especially among the elderly and in individuals with chronic medical conditions. In Canada, annual immunization programs have focused mainly on those at high risk of serious influenza complications and their contacts, including healthcare workers. However, even in healthy children and adults, there is considerable morbidity. Since the 1998-1999 influenza season, the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) has been encouraging all individuals who wish to protect themselves against influenza to receive the vaccine, even though they are not in a high-risk group. Since 2000-2001, Ontario has been offering publicly funded vaccine to all age groups.