Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Analysis Reveals Different Functions for the Products of the Thyroid Hormone Receptor α Locus

ABSTRACT Thyroid hormone receptors are encoded by the TRα(NR1A1) and TRβ (NR1A2) loci. These genes are transcribed into multiple variants whose functions are unclear. Analysis by gene inactivation in mice has provided new insights into the functional complexity of these products. Different strategies designed to modify the TRα locus have led to strikingly different phenotypes. In order to analyze the molecular basis for these alterations, we generated mice devoid of all known isoforms produced from the TRα locus (TRα0/0). These mice are viable and exhibit reduced linear growth, bone maturation delay, moderate hypothermia, and reduced thickness of the intestinal mucosa. Compounding TRα0 and TRβ− mutations produces viable TRα0/0β−/− mice, which display a more severe linear growth reduction and a more profound hypothermia as well as impaired hearing. A striking phenotypic difference is observed between TRα0/0 and the previously described TRα−/− mice, which retain truncated TRΔα isoforms arising from a newly described promoter in intron 7. The lethality and severe impairment of the intestinal maturation in TRα−/− mice are rescued in TRα0/0animals. We demonstrate that the TRΔα protein isoforms, which are natural products of the TRα locus, are the key determinants of these phenotypical differences. These data reveal the functional importance of the non-T3-binding variants encoded by theTRα locus in vertebrate postnatal development and homeostasis.
Mobile-izing health workers in rural India

Researchers have long been interested in the potential of ICTs to enable positive change in developing regions communities. In these environments, ICT interventions often fail because political, social and cultural forces work against the changes ICTs entail. We argue that familiar uses of ICTs for information services in these contexts are less potent than their use for persuasion and motivation in order to facilitate change. We focus on India's rural maternal health system where health workers are employed in villages to persuade pregnant women to utilize health services. Health workers face challenges due to resistance to change in the village, and because of their limited education, training and status. These factors appear to reduce the motivation of health workers and impair their performance. For two months, we deployed short videos on mobile phones designed to persuade village women and motivate health workers. We also asked health workers to record their own videos. While our results are preliminary, they show evidence that the creation and use of videos did help (1) engage village women in dialogue, (2) show positive effects toward health worker motivation and learning, and (3) motivate key community influencers to participate in promoting the health workers.
Molecular Characterization of Glycopeptide-Resistant Enterococci from Hospitals of the Picardy Region (France)

We studied 138 glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (GRE) strains, consisting of 131 glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium (GREfm) and 7 glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (GREfs). The GREfm strains were resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin, while the GREfs strains were only resistant to vancomycin and teicoplanin. The van A gene was the only glycopeptide determinant present in all GRE isolates investigated. Genes coding for Hyl and Hyl+ Esp were detected in 39 (29.8%) and 92 (70.2%) of the 131 GREfm isolates, respectively. Three of the 7 GREfs were positive for gelE+asa 1 genes, 3 for gel E gene, and 1 for asa 1 gene. The genetic relationship between the 138 GRE was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). GREfm isolates were clustered in a single genogroup (pulsotype A), and GREfs were clustered in six genogroups (pulsotypes B-G). Among the isolates investigated by MLST, only 18 PCR products were sequenced (12 E. faecium and 6 E. faecalis), and 9 sequence types (STs) were identified.
Semi-Automatic Generation of F-Structures from Treebanks

Statistical approaches to processing Lexical Functional Grammars (LFG-DOP, [1]) require large corpora of text annotated with c-structure and f-structure representations. To date, such corpora that exist are constructed manually or semi-automatically. Manual construction is both time-consuming and error-prone. Semi-automatic construction usually proceeds as follows: an existing LFG grammar is used to parse input text. Typically, for each sentence in the input text, parsing will produce a large number of cand f-structure analyses. A linguistic expert then inspects the analyses and for each sentence in the input text selects the single best analysis for the case at hand. For large grammars this can involve inspection of hundreds or thousands of proposed analyses for a single input sentence. In the present paper we develop an alternative, semi-automatic methodology that as much as possible avoids manual inspection of analyses for best t. As input, the method requires a treebank, from which the corresponding CF-PSG is automatically compiled following the method of ([3]). This CF-PSG is then manually annotated with functional information, after which the treebank representations (not the strings) are \reparsed", simply following the c-structure provided by the original annotators, thereby inducing f-structures corresponding to the original c-structures. If the f-structure equations encountered during the \reparse" are deterministic, then the whole process is. In addition to producing a treebank with f-structure annotations, our method can be used to produce a stand-alone LFG grammar from the treebank resource. In order to do this we need proper semantic forms to implement the LFG treatment of subcategorization. We show how semantic forms can be compiled automatically given the f-structure resources produced by our original method. Finally, given that the c-structure backbone automatically compiled from the original treebank does not bear much resemblance to c-structure components designed manually by linguists, we develop a simple structurepreserving grammar compaction technique which brings the compiled c-structure backbone more in line with standard linguistic practice. The paper updates and extends earlier reports on our research in ([17, 18]). The resources obtained are available at the following webpage: http://www.compapp. dcu.ie/~away/Treebank/treebank.html
A Traffic-Flow Parameters Evaluation Approach Based on Urban Road Video

This paper presents an approach to evaluate traffic-flow parameters under urban road environment. Virtual line based time-spatial images are used for vehicles counting. Three error impacts in complex urban road environments are discussed and related methods are proposed to improve detection rate. These impacts include traffic congestion impact, environments impact and night vehicle headlight impact. The experimental results on real road videos show that the time-spatial method is robust in complex lighting and traffic environment.
The Regulatory Role of Rolipram on Inflammatory Mediators and Cholinergic/Adrenergic Stimulation-Induced Signals in Isolated Primary Mouse Submandibular Gland Cells

Exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induces inflammatory signals in salivary glands. We investigated the regulatory role of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor rolipram on inflammatory mediators and cholinergic/adrenergic stimulation-induced intracellular Ca2+ signaling in salivary acinar and ductal cells. Submandibular gland (SMG) expressed PDE4A through 4D mRNA and PDE4 was localized in the luminal membrane of SMG. LPS induced Ca2+ signaling and ROS production in SMG. Treatment with rolipram blocked LPS-induced Ca2+ increase and ROS production. The application of histamine evoked Ca2+ signals and ROS production, which were attenuated by rolipram in SMG cells. Moreover, LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome and cleaved caspase-1 were inhibited by rolipram. The inhibitory role of rolipram in ROS-induced Ca2+ signaling was mainly observed in acinar cells and not in ductal cells. Rolipram also protected SMG acinar but not ductal cells from LPS-induced cell membrane damage. In the case of cholinergic/adrenergic stimulation, carbachol/isoproterenol-induced Ca2+ signals were upregulated by the treatment of rolipram in SMG. In the case of cAMP-dependent ductal bicarbonate secretion by rolipram, no effect was observed on the modulation of ductal chloride/bicarbonate exchange activity. Rolipram could suppress the inflammatory signals and could be a potential therapeutic strategy against LPS-induced inflammation to protect the salivary gland cells.
Position Paper: Factors and Forces Affecting EHR System Adoption: Report of a 2004 ACMI Discussion

After the first session of the American College of Medical Informatics 2004 retreat, during which the history of electronic health records was reviewed, the second session served as a forum for discussion about the state of the art of EHR adoption. Adoption and diffusion rates for both inpatient and outpatient EHRs are low for a myriad of reasons ranging from personal physician concerns about workflow to broad environmental issues. Initial recommendations for addressing these issues include providing communication and education to both providers and consumers and alignment of incentives for clinicians.
Urbanization alters watershed hydrology in the Piedmont of North Carolina

The ecohydrologic effects of urbanization that is dominated by forests clearing are not well understood in the southeastern United States. We utilized long‐term monitoring data to quantify the annual water balance, stormflow characteristics, and seasonal flow patterns of an urbanized watershed (UR) (0·70 km2) and compared it to a fully forested watershed (FOR) (2·95 km2) in central North Carolina. The goal of this study was to assess how past urbanization altered watershed hydrology and to offer reference data for urban watershed planning. The mean annual discharge coefficient (discharge/precipitation) in the UR and FOR from 2000 to 2007 was 0·42 and 0·24, respectively. The UR generated about 75% more stormflow than the FOR. The UR had a lower mean evapotranspiration (ET) rate (58%) than the FOR (77%). Peakflow rates and stormflow volume of the UR were higher (e.g. 76·6 mm/day versus 5·8 mm/day for peakflow rate and 77·9 mm/day versus 7·1 mm/day for stormflow volume) than the FOR, especially during the growing season. Growing season precipitation minus discharge normalized by precipitation (P − Q)/P (i.e. normalized ET ± change in water storage) was higher in the FOR compared to the UR. Differences between the two watersheds occurred mostly during the growing season and became smaller during the dormant season. We conclude that intensive urbanization elevated watershed peakflow rates and annual discharge volumes partially due to reduction in ET during the growing season. Maintaining ET capacity of vegetation in an urbanizing watershed is important in development planning for reducing stormflow and watershed degradation. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Managing viable virtual communities: an exploratory case study and explanatory model

Virtual communities play an important part in enabling people with common interests to interact with each other. Current research mostly focuses on the aspects of social interaction, usability and success factors for virtual communities. However, few studies have analysed how management teams affect virtual communities. Therefore, our research focuses on the role of management teams for the success of virtual communities. Within an exploratory case study, we examine the development of a management team of a non-commercial virtual community of interest. We match our findings with the viable system model, and propose a theoretical model and resulting hypotheses. We use case study data to illustrate the propositions and to demonstrate design principles for virtual community management.
Modification of Symmetric-Key DES into Efficient Asymmetric-Key DES using RSA

In this paper, we propose a new approach for DES based on public key cryptography called Asymmetric-DES. Where hybrid of DES and RSA algorithm are combine and found to be secure for only two rounds, whereas symmetric DES is secure for sixteen rounds with different combination of key. Thus, we modified the structure of DES and applies RSA encryption on plaintext with the public key of receiver to obtain the cipher text. Similarly the modification is performed in decryption algorithm. As a result breaking of two-round asymmetric DES is hard problem, as its security depend on RSA algorithm.
In pursuit of instant gratification for FPGA design

This paper describes an alternative FPGA design compilation flow to reduce the back-end time required to implement a Xilinx FPGA design. Using a library of precompiled modules and associated meta-data, bitstream-level assembly of desired designs can occur in a fraction of the time of traditional back-end tools. Modules are bound, placed, and routed using custom bitstream assembly with the primary objective of rapid compilation while preserving performance. Since vendor tools are not needed for assembly, compilation can be performed in embedded and/or untethered environments. As a result, large device compilations can be assembled in seconds. This turbo flow (TFlow) enables software-like turn-around time for faster prototyping and increased productivity.
Log-Linear Models of Non-Projective Trees, k-best MST Parsing and Tree-Ranking

We present our system used in the CoNLL 2007 shared task on multilingual parsing. The system is composed of three components: a k-best maximum spanning tree (MST) parser, a tree labeler, and a reranker that orders the k-best labeled trees. We present two techniques for training the MST parser: tree-normalized and graphnormalized conditional training. The treebased reranking model allows us to explicitly model global syntactic phenomena. We describe the reranker features which include non-projective edge attributes. We provide an analysis of the errors made by our system and suggest changes to the models and features that might rectify the current system.
Influence of surface topography in electrostatic forces simulations for microassembly

Micro manipulations of objects between 10μm and 1mm by contact are often disturbed by adhesion between the handled object and the gripper. This is due to the presence of the surface forces which overcome gravity and prevent the release of the object. Capillary, electrostatic and van der Waals forces are the main surface forces responsible for this adhesive phenomenon. Several factors may influence these forces such as the materials in contact, the fabrication process, the surface treatments or the surface contaminations. All of these factors contribute to shape the topography of the surface. In this paper simulations are performed on the electrostatic forces for smooth surfaces and for rough surfaces in order to study the influence of surface topography. The results are compared with analytical models for the smooth case and show a good correlation. The rough case simulations use a sphere ended conical tip-plane contact. The discussed roughness models are mainly elementary protuberances and fractal representation using the WeierstrassMandelbrot model. The simulations using fractal representation show an influence of the surface topography at small separation distances. A comparison is also performed with experimental results from the literature.
How Turkish Private Hospitals use Social media: A Qualitative Study

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine which social media tools are mostly used by private hospitals in Ankara and to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of social media tools at an institutional level. Based on the purposive sampling method, it was decided to reach only the people within the scope of the research and hence qualitative interviews was performed with 15 people. The interviewed people consisted of managers responsible for social media activities at the corporate level hospitals. The data obtained from in-depth interviews were analyzed by content analysis. Accordingly, it was found that the social media tools most commonly used by the surveyed participants was Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram respectively, primarily for sharing health-related information and the purpose of advertisement. It was concluded that 26.6% of social media activities at the corporate level are being conducted by the communication department and the social media is mostly being used to share health related information by the hospitals. The survey also found that hospitals had increased recognition as an advantage of social media, but difficulty in deleting comments related to the hospital was found to be a disadvantage. In this research, only the social media activities of the hospitals were discussed with the managers at the institutional level Thus, future studies that evaluate the views of managers, service providers, and service users about social media are required. But the results from this study are expected to provide hospital managers with important clues for planning social media activities.
Local CD4+, CD8+ and CD56+ T-lymphocite Reaction on Primary Lung Cancer

Objective: The primary goal of this study was to determine the difference of abundance of CD4+, CD8+ and CD56+ bronchoalveolar fluid’s lymphocytes and their subpopulations between cancerous lung and healthy lung from the same patient. Methods: Mini-bronchoalveolar lavage was taken from 55 patients from lung with cancer and healthy lung. After laboratory processing and addition of CD4, CD8, CD27, CD28 and CD56 antibody, the material was analyzed by flow cytometer. Results from lung with cancer were compared to the ones from the healthy lung. The examined patients were the test and the control group at the same time. Results: CD27+28+ forms of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes are more activated in the cancerous lung compared to healthy lung, while the CD27-28- forms are less activated in diseased lung. CD4+ forms of CD56+ lymphocytes are more activated in cancerous lung compared to the health lung, while the CD8+ forms are less activated in diseased lung. Conclusion: Immature helper and cytotoxic T lymphocyte response, as well as regulatory NK and NKT cell response are more activated in cancerous lung compared to the health lung of the same patient.
Contention on 2nd Level Cache May Limit the Effectiveness of Simultaneous Multithreading

Simultaneous multithreading (SMT) is an interesting way of maximizing performance by enhancing processor utilization. We investigate issues involving the behavior of the memory hierarchy with SMT. First, we show that ignoring L2 cache contention leads to strongly over-estimate the performance one can expect and may lead to incorrect conclusions. We then explore the impact of various memory hierarchy parameters. We show that the number of supported threads has to be set-up according to the cache size, that the L1 caches have to be associative and small blocks have to be used. Then, the hardware constraints put on the design of memory hierarchies should limit the interest of SMT to a few threads.
A Linear-Time Approximation Scheme for TSP in Undirected Planar Graphs with Edge-Weights

We give an algorithm requiring $O(c^{1/\epsilon^2}n)$ time to find an $\epsilon$-optimal traveling salesman tour in the shortest-path metric defined by an undirected planar graph with nonnegative edge-lengths. For the case of all lengths equal to 1, the time required is $O(c^{1/\epsilon} n)$.
One-loop MHV rules and pure Yang-Mills

It has been known for some time that the standard MHV diagram formulation of perturbative Yang-Mills theory is incomplete, as it misses rational terms in one-loop scattering amplitudes of pure Yang-Mills. We propose that certain Lorentz violating counterterms, when expressed in the field variables which give rise to standard MHV vertices, produce precisely these missing terms. These counterterms appear when Yang-Mills is treated with a regulator, introduced by Thorn and collaborators, which arises in worldsheet formulations of Yang-Mills theory in the lightcone gauge. As an illustration of our proposal, we show that a simple one-loop, two-point counterterm is the generating function for the infinite sequence of one-loop, all-plus helicity amplitudes in pure Yang-Mills, in complete agreement with known expressions.
A 3D dynamical model of the colliding winds in binary systems

We present a three-dimensional (3D) dynamical model of the orbital-induced curvature of the wind–wind collision region in binary star systems. Momentum balance equations are used to determine the position and shape of the contact discontinuity between the stars, while further downstream the gas is assumed to behave ballistically. An Archimedean spiral structure is formed by the motion of the stars, with clear resemblance to high-resolution images of the so-called ‘pinwheel nebulae’. A key advantage of this approach over grid or smoothed particle hydrodynamic models is its significantly reduced computational cost, while it also allows the study of the structure obtained in an eccentric orbit. The model is relevant to symbiotic systems and γ-ray binaries, as well as systems with O-type and Wolf–Rayet stars. As an example application, we simulate the X-ray emission from hypothetical O+O and WR+O star binaries, and describe a method of ray tracing through the 3D spiral structure to account for absorption by the circumstellar material in the system. Such calculations may be easily adapted to study observations at wavelengths ranging from the radio to γ-ray.
Impact of Mental and Physical Stress on Blood Pressure and Pulse Pressure under Normobaric versus Hypoxic Conditions

Objective Hypobaric hypoxia, physical and psychosocial stress may influence key cardiovascular parameters including blood pressure (BP) and pulse pressure (PP). We investigated the effects of mild hypobaric hypoxia exposure on BP and PP reactivity to mental and physical stress and to passive elevation by cable car. Methods 36 healthy volunteers participated in a defined test procedure consisting of a period of rest 1, mental stress task (KLT-R), period of rest 2, combined mental (KLT-R) and physical task (bicycle ergometry) and a last period of rest both at Graz, Austria (353 m asl) and at the top station Dachstein (2700 m asl). Beat-to-beat heart rate and BP were analysed both during the test procedures at Graz and at Dachstein and during passive 1000 m elevation by cable car (from 1702 m to 2700 m). Results A significant interaction of kind of stress (mental vs. combined mental and physical) and study location (Graz vs. Dachstein) was found in the systolic BP (p = .007) and PP (p = .002) changes indicating that during the combined mental and physical stress task sBP was significantly higher under hypoxic conditions whereas sBP and PP were similar during mental stress both under normobaric normoxia (Graz) and under hypobaric hypoxia (Dachstein). During the passive ascent in cable car less trivialization (psychological coping strategy) was associated with an increase in PP (p = .004). Conclusion Our data show that combined mental and physical stress causes a significant higher raise in sBP and PP under hypoxic conditions whereas isolated mental stress did not affect sBP and PP under hypoxic conditions. PP-reaction to ascent in healthy subjects is not uniform. BP reactions to ascent that represents an accumulation of physical (mild hypobaric hypoxia) and psychological stressors depend on predetermined psychological traits (stress coping strategies). Thus divergent cardiovascular reactions can be explained by applying the multidimensional aspects of the biopsychosocial concept.