Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SLIDING MODE TORQUE CONTROL OF AN IPMSM AS INFLUENCED BY IRON LOSS

This paper presents a robust direct torque control of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) based on a sliding mode controller. The sliding mode control (SMC) law is designed in such a way that the chattering effect is reduced and the problem of reaching phase stability is eliminated. A space vector modulation is combined with the SMC to ensure minimum ripple content and high resolution voltage control. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed scheme, the calculated motor speed, estimated motor torque, stator flux and stator current in the presence of iron losses are compared with those measured in the literature. It is concluded that consideration of iron losses in the dynamic model of the machine improves the theoretical predictions and reduces the discrepancies between the calculated and measured values.
Quantifying the non-equilibrium characteristics of heterogeneous gas–solid flow of smooth, inelastic spheres using a computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method

Continuum modelling of dense gas–solid flows strongly depends on the constitutive relations used, including the interphase drag force, particle phase stress and the boundary condition for particle–wall interactions. The lack of scale separation is usually claimed to cause the breakdown of the Navier–Stokes (NS) order continuum theory. In this study, computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method (CFD-DEM) simulations of bubbling, turbulent and fast fluidization of smooth, inelastic spheres were conducted to systematically analyse the valid range of NS theory. An entropy-based criterion $I_{s}$ and Knudsen numbers defined using different characteristic length scales ( $Kn_{frac}$ , $Kn_{gran}$ and $Kn_{vel}$ ) were quantified. It was found that (i) except at the centre of bubbles where the solid concentration is quite low, NS theory for discrete particles was valid for bubbling fluidization irrespective of the breakdown criterion. Even at the boundary of the bubbles, values of $I_{s}$ and $Kn$ were small; and (ii) the conclusion depended on the criterion used in turbulent and fast fluidization. If $Kn_{frac}$ was used, NS theory would be generally valid. If $I_{s}$ was chosen, NS theory would be still valid but with lower confidence. However, if $Kn_{vel}$ or $Kn_{gran}$ was selected, NS theory broke down. Because $I_{s}$ includes the non-equilibrium effects caused by the gradient of hydrodynamic fields and particle inelasticity, we may conclude that NS theory was valid for all tested cases. This means that the continuum description of discrete particles is not the main source of the breakdown of NS theory.
Exploring the Role of Overt Attention Allocation During Time Estimation: an Eye Movement Study

Cognitive models of time perception propose that perceived duration is influenced by how quickly attention is orientated to the to-be-timed event and how consistently attention is sustained on the to-be-timed event throughout its presentation. Insufficient attention to time is therefore associated with shorter more variable representations of duration. However, these models do not specify whether covert or overt attentional systems are primarily responsible for paying attention during timing. The current study sought to establish the role of overt attention allocation during timing by examining the relationship between eye movements and perceived duration. Participants completed a modified spatial cueing task in which they estimated the duration of short (1400 ms) and long (2100 ms) validly and invalidly cued targets. Time to first fixation and dwell time were recorded throughout. The results showed no significant relationship between overt sustained attention and mean duration estimates. Reductions in overt sustained attention were however associated with increases in estimate variability for the long target duration. Overt attention orientation latency was predictive of the difference in the perceived duration of validly and invalidly cued short targets but not long ones. The results suggest that overt attention allocation may have limited impact on perceived duration.
Development of criteria and indicators for evaluating forest-based ecotourism destinations: A Delphi study.

Development of Criteria and Indicators for Evaluating Forest-based Ecotourism Destinations: A Delphi Study Maureen Young Bender The purpose of this study is to 1) identify and develop criteria and indicators for forestbased ecotourism in West Virginia based on the input of academic experts in the field as well as nature-based tour operators, 2) compare similarities and differences between the two groups utilizing Spearman’s  statistic and 3) create a point evaluation system. The study was conducted through two rounds of the Delphi method. E-mailed and mailed self-complete questionnaires were distributed among the participants. They were asked to rate the importance level of criteria and indicators using a Likert scale. In addition, the participants were asked to rank the importance of the criteria and indicators relative to each other. In both rounds, a high level of consensus existed among both groups. As expected through the usage of the Delphi Method, a significantly higher consensus was formed in the second round. Despite this higher consensus, some disagreement persisted among the groups especially concerning those criteria and indicators involved with the participation of and socio-economic benefits to local communities.
Tinjauan Kepustakaan Motor Imagery, Action Observation , Dan Graded Motor Imagery Pada Rehabilitasi Stroke Motor Imagery, Action Observation Training, And Graded Motor Imagery In Stroke Rehabilitation

Introduction: Stroke is one of the main causes of disability in adults. The mirror neuron system (MNS) is considered a breakthrough in neuroscience and is one of the important features in the evolution of the human brain. Aims: This literature review aims to: (1) determine the effectiveness of motor imagery (MI), action observation training (AOT), and graded motor imagery (GMI) in improving body movement and function in stroke patients and (2) understand the management protocol for MI, AOT, and GMI in improving body movement and function in stroke patients. Methods: This research is a literature review with secondary data sources in the form of a collection of scientific articles accessed through journal databases, such as PubMed Central (PMC), NCBI, and Google Scholar. Results: The literature review results show that MI, AOT, and GMI interventions effectively improve body function and movement during stroke rehabilitation. Discussions: MI, AOT, and GMI management protocols have variations in frequency, intensity, and duration of therapy, where most of these interventions can show better benefits when combined with other conventional physiotherapy interventions. Conclusion: Intervention of MI and combination with other physiotherapy techniques effectively improve body function and movement during stroke rehabilitation with evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses. In the AOT intervention, evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses shows that AOT is effective in improving upper extremity function in stroke. At the same time, the GMI is limited to research findings with Randomized Controlled trials (RCT) and non-RCT designs with evidence of improvement in upper extremity function.
The Anthropometric and Physiological Characteristics of Elite Male Rugby Athletes

1 Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK. 2 Department of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK. 3 Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, University of Northampton, UK. 4 Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK. 5 A-STEM, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK. 6 Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK.
S Mental Health and COVID -19 The psychological implications of a pandemic for nurses

BACKGROUND: The risk of psychological effects from the COVID-19 pandemic is significant and manifests as stress, anxiety, depression, sleeplessness, and, in some cases, suicide. The need for psychological support services for healthcare providers should be included in all pandemic and disaster planning. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this article is to explore the potential psychological sequelae of nursing during a pandemic and to provide recommendations to support a psychologically healthy work environment. METHODS: Highlights from the literature on psychological sequelae, symptoms, and outcomes related to COVID-19 and prior pandemics is presented, along with insight from the experiences of oncology nurses caring for patients with COVID-19. FINDINGS: Destigmatizing mental health needs for healthcare providers empowers them to seek support. Hospital administrators must develop proactive wellness plans for the triage and management of mental and emotional health needs during a pandemic that prioritize transparent communication, resources for healthcare providers within and beyond the clinical setting, and training.
Artifact reduction using minimum variance-based sparse subarray technique in linear-array photoacoustic tomography

In linear-array photoacoustic imaging, different types of algorithms and beamformers are used to construct the images. Delay-and-Sum (DAS), as a non-adaptive algorithm, is one of the most popular algorithms used due to its low complexity. However, the results obtained from this algorithm contain high sidelobes and wide mainlobe. The adaptive Minimum Variance (MV) beamformer can address these limitations and improve the images in terms of resolution and contrast. In this paper, it is proposed to suppress the sidelobes more efficiently compared to MV by eliminating the effect of the samples caused by noise and interference. This would be achieved by zeroing the samples corresponding to the lower values of the calculated weights. In the other words, in the proposed MV-based-sparse subarray (MVB-S) method, the subarrays are considered to be sparse. The results show that MVB-S method leads to signal-to-noise-ratio improvement about 39.72 dB and 18.92 dB in average, compared to DAS and MV, respectively, which indicates the good performance of MVB-S method in noise reduction and sidelobe suppression.
Consensus in first-order nonlinear multi-agent systems with state time delays using adaptive fuzzy wavelet networks

In this paper, a consensus problem is addressed for first-order multi-agent systems with unknown nonlinear dynamics under undirected graphs. Adaptive fuzzy wavelet networks are used to design two novel control algorithms for nonlinear systems without delays and nonlinear systems with state time delays. In these algorithms, adaptive fuzzy wavelet networks are employed to compensate for nonlinear dynamics of systems. Using proper Lyapunov functions, adaptive laws are obtained and the uniform ultimately bounded stability of closed-loop systems is proved. In addition, this paper uses Lyapunov–Krasovskii functions to handle unknown time delays. Three simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.
A Multigrid Framework for Real-Time Simulation of Deformable Volumes

In this paper, we present a multigrid framework for constructing implicit, yet interactive solvers for the governing equations of motion of deformable volumetric bodies. We have integrated linearized, corotational linearized and non-linear Green strain into this framework. Based on a 3D ﬁnite element hierarchy, this approach enables realistic simulation of objects exhibiting an elastic modulus with a dynamic range of several orders of magnitude. Using the linearized strain measure, we can simulate 50 thousand tetrahedral elements with 20 fps on a single processor CPU. By using corotational linearized and non-linear Green strain, we can still simulate ﬁve thousand and two thousand elements, respectively, at the same rates.
5. A Corpus-Pragmatic Approach to Negation in Electoral Tweets

Albu, E. and Capuano, F. 2023. A Corpus-Pragmatic Approach to Negation in Electoral Tweets. In: Roitman, M. (ed.) Negatives and Meaning: Social Setting and Pragmatic Effects: Using Negatives in Political Discourse, Social Media and Oral Interaction, pp. 113–144. Stockholm: Stockholm University Press. DOI: https://doi.org /10.16993/bcd.e. License: CC BY 4.0. 5. A Corpus-Pragmatic Approach to Negation in Electoral Tweets Elena Albu and Francesca Capuano
Simulation of Daily Streamflows Using SLURP Model

This paper describes the applications of the SLURP and the TOPAZ models. The SLURP is a conceptual model which, although normally used in semi-distribution form, can be used as a fully-distributed hydrological model. The major advantage of a SLURP model is that it can consider the necessary physical conditions by its simple managements. The problem of lacks of input data and the complexity of computation which can occur in the full-distributed models could be avoided by using the SLURP model. The SLURP model can also simulate the behaviour of the basin at sites and various hydrologic variables. In practical applications, the users of both simple lumped and physically-based fully-distributed models also tend to use this semi-distributed model. In this study, the SLURP model is applied to the simulation of the daily streamflows in Youngdam dam site. The SCE-UA (Shuffled Complex Evolution-University of Arizona) algorithm as a model parameter estimator and FAO Penman-Monteith model and CRAE (Complemetary Relationship Areal Evaporation) method as the potential evapo-transpiration model are used. The observed and simulated daily streamflow hydrographs from the SLURP model were compared. It was shown that the SLURP model preserves the observed daily streamflow hydrographs very well. This evidence suggests that the SLLRP model might be appropriate for the simulation of daily streamflows.
External Financing and Future Stock Returns

We develop a comprehensive and parsimonious measure of the extent to which a firm is raising (distributing) capital from (to) capital market participants. We show that the relation between our measure of net external financing and future stock returns is stronger than has been documented in previous research focusing on individual categories of financing transactions. Decompositions of our measure reveal additional insights. First, the weaker results of previous research are attributable to ‘refinancing’ transactions having no change on net external financing. Second, after controlling for refinancing transactions, there is a consistently strong and negative relation between all major categories of external financing transactions and future stock returns. Third, the negative relation between external financing and future stock returns is most consistent with a combination of over-investment and aggressive accounting.
Macroeconomic Effects of Financial Shocks

Equity Payout is ‘Net dividends of nonfarm, nonfinancial business’ (Table F.102, line 3), plus ‘Net dividends of farm business’ (Table F.7, line 24), minus ‘Net increase in corporate equities of nonfinancial business’ (F.101, line 35), minus ‘Proprietors’ net investment of nonfinancial business’ (F.101, line 39). Debt Repurchase is the negative of ‘Net increase in credit markets instruments of nonfinancial business’ (Table F.101, line 28). Equity payout and debt repurchase are both divided by business value added from the National Income and Product Accounts (Table 1.3.5). Total GDP used to compute the correlations reported in Table 1 is also from NIPA (Table 1.1.6).
Biophysical Approaches for Studying Desolvation Energy in DNA:DNA Binding Systems

BIOPHYSICAL APPROACHES FOR STUDYING DESOLVATION ENERGY IN DNA:DNA BINDING SYSTEMS by Caroline R. Harmon Hydration spheres have unique water behavior compared to the disorder of the bulk water phase. These hydration spheres have been shown to be crucial for structural and conformational stability, yet their effect on binding association has been largely mistreated. For a one-to-one binding system, we propose to append the classical Gibbsfree energy equation as follows: ΔG = −RT ln(Ki) − [AB]ΔGi 2. Having a stronger grasp on how desolvation energy affects binding will ultimately aid studies from drug development and metabolism, to interpretation of structural models. To test our equation, we studied two small oligonucleotides that follow Watson-Crick base pairing using two different methods. We used (1) Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC), a wellestablished binding method that measures the heat from direct binding interactions as one reactant is titrated into the system, and (2) Microscale Thermophoresis (MST), a new method that directly measures the movement of a fluorescently-labeled molecule as heat is applied. In each case, as the concentration of bound DNA increased, we found the binding affinity weakened linearly in terms of the quantity –RTln(K), with R 2 > 0.90 and R 2 > 0.80 for ITC and MST, respectively. Thus, the desolvation energy had an unfavorable impact on DNA:DNA binding, and, interestingly, this energy is orders of magnitude larger than that of our published model system, chelation of calcium(II) by EDTA. The larger energy value for DNA:DNA binding is not too surprising given (a) the much larger surface area of the DNA binding interface relative to EDTA and calcium, and (b) recent reports of a water spine in the minor groove of the DNA double helix.
The Effect of Music on the Motivation of Athletes in Taekwondo and Karate Training

, This study examines the effect of music on motivation during sports activities in taekwondo and karate training. A total of 258 active athletes between the ages of 12 and 18 be engaged in taekwondo (n=159) and karate (n=99) branches participated in the study voluntarily. “The Effect of Music in Sports Activities Scale (SUMEÖ),” developed by Karayol and Turhan (2020), was used to collect data in the study. The scale consists of 18 items, has 3 sub-dimensions, and is in a 5-point Likert type. The data were collected using the Effect of Music in Sports Activities Scale and digital web technologies. Descriptive statistics were made for demographic variables in the analysis of the research data. Data obtained from the scale were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 program. According to the results of the analysis, it can be said that the type of music chosen by the athletes and the upbeat music has a significant effect on sports activities. In training with technical exercises step, it was determined that listening to fast-paced music chosen by the athletes themselves can increase the motivation of the exercises while listening to slow-paced music contributes to the recovery process. It can be said that music is a tool to motivate athletes by reducing the stress on athletes and that the gender variable is a factor affecting the effect of music in sports activities in different branches.
State‐led Technological Development: a Case of China's Nanotechnology Development Working Paper Series Unu-merit Working Papers Maastricht Economic and Social Research and Training Centre on Innovation and Technology, Unu-merit State-led Technological Development: a Case of China's Nanotechnology De

We analyze the nanotechnology patent applications filed in China from 1998 to 2008 and find that the extraordinary nanotechnology development in China has been primarily promoted by the public sector but not driven by industry and market force. This finding implies that developing countries such as China with public research capacity and commitment to technological development can make rapid progress in basic research of emerging technologies, but it remains uncertain whether and when local industry can benefit from public R&D investment to actively develop indigenous innovation.
Electrochemical stability of subnanometer Pt clusters

In the present work, the degradation of size-selected Pt nanoclusters is studied under 40 electrochemical conditions. This model catalyst mimics carbon supported Pt nanoclusters and 41 nanoparticles typically employed in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Insight 42 into the early stage of degradation is given by high-angle annular dark-field scanning 43 transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and confirmed by transmission electron 44 microscopy (TEM). In contrast to common assumptions, it is demonstrated that even extremely 45 small Pt clusters exhibit a remarkable stability under electrochemical conditions. Such 46 nanoclusters are then relevant to develop electrodes for energy applications. Furthermore, 47 applying mixed cluster samples of Pt 22 and Pt 68 , no preferential dissolution of Pt 22 by Ostwald 48 ripening - usually held responsible to be the main mechanism for activity loss in Pt fuel cell 49 catalysts - is observed. In light of the findings reported, developing highly-dispersed 50 subnanometer Pt clusters as catalyst for PEMFCs is a realistic approach provided the operation 51 conditions are suitably adjusted. Furthermore, mitigation strategies to improve the stability of 52 few-atoms catalyst under electrochemical operation will benefit from addressing cluster-support 53 interactions.
) An exploratory study of jobseekers' decision-making style, recruitment

Purpose – This exploratory research aims to investigate the consequences of jobseeker decision-making style on information search behaviour, information evaluation and perceptions of organisational attractiveness (OA). In this study, we assess whether, when presented with a realistic job information searching scenario of receiving basic job information from a typical formal short job advertisement, maximisers and satisficers differ on a) need for further information and b) evaluation of further information from informal information sources in relation to valence and tie strength. Methodology – A scenario-based experiment was conducted on 280 participants from the US, with work experience in retail, using Amazon Mechanical Turk. Findings – The results show that, compared to satisficers, significantly more maximisers chose to search for further information about the company/vacancy after receiving a typical short advertisement message. Furthermore, the results highlight the moderating effects of decision-making style (maximiser vs. satisficer), tie strength (strong-tie vs. weak-tie provider) and message valence (positive vs. negative) on jobseekers’ perceived OA. Practical implications – Companies seeking to increase their candidate pool should consider accommodating the different decision-making styles of jobseekers by carefully designing the content of recruitment information and utilising recruitment information sources. Although conducted in just one sector, the ubiquity of the maximiser/satisficer decision making-style implies further research to assess the implications for other sectors. Originality/value – Research on decision-making style in recruitment is relatively limited. This study demonstrates the differences between maximisers and satisficers in terms of job-related information needs, and the evaluation of the source/content, when searching for a retail trade job.
Rewriting Concepts Using Terminologies

In this work we consider the inference problem of computing (minimal) rewritings of concept descriptions using defined concepts from a terminology. We introduce a general framework for this problem. For the small description logic FL₀, which provides us with conjunction and value restrictions, we show that the decision problem induced by the minimal rewriting problem is NP-complete.
On Conformal Metrics with Constant Q -Curvature

We review some recent results in the literature concerning existence of conformal metrics with constant Q -curvature. The problem is rather similar to the classical Yamabe problem: however it is characterized by a fourth-order operator that might lack in general a maximum principle. For several years existence of geometrically admissible solutions was known only in particular cases. Recently, there has been instead progress in this direction for some general classes of conformal metrics