Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Global Virome Project

Expanded viral discovery can improve mitigation Outbreaks of novel and deadly viruses highlight global vulnerability to emerging diseases, with many having massive health and economic impacts. Our adaptive toolkit—based largely on vaccines and therapeutics—is often ineffective because countermeasure development can be outpaced by the speed of novel viral emergence and spread. Following each outbreak, the public health community bemoans a lack of prescience, but after decades of reacting to each event with little focus on mitigation, we remain only marginally better protected against the next epidemic. Our ability to mitigate disease emergence is undermined by our poor understanding of the diversity and ecology of viral threats, and of the drivers of their emergence. We describe a Global Virome Project (GVP) aimed to launch in 2018 that will help identify the bulk of this viral threat and provide timely data for public health interventions against future pandemics.
Chemotext: A Publicly Available Web Server for Mining Drug-Target-Disease Relationships in PubMed

Elucidation of the mechanistic relationships between drugs, their targets, and diseases is at the core of modern drug discovery research. Thousands of studies relevant to the drug-target-disease (DTD) triangle have been published and annotated in the Medline/PubMed database. Mining this database affords rapid identification of all published studies that confirm connections between vertices of this triangle or enable new inferences of such connections. To this end, we describe the development of Chemotext, a publicly available Web server that mines the entire compendium of published literature in PubMed annotated by Medline Subject Heading (MeSH) terms. The goal of Chemotext is to identify all known DTD relationships and infer missing links between vertices of the DTD triangle. As a proof-of-concept, we show that Chemotext could be instrumental in generating new drug repurposing hypotheses or annotating clinical outcomes pathways for known drugs. The Chemotext Web server is freely available at http://chemotext.mml. unc.edu .
Human expectations of social robots

A key assumption that drives much of HRI research is that human robot collaboration can be improved by advancing a robot's capabilities. We argue that this assumption has potentially negative implications, as increasing social capabilities in robots can produce an expectations gap where humans develop unrealistically high expectations of social robots due to generalization from human mental models. By conducting two studies with 674 participants, we examine how people develop and adjust mental models of robots. We find that both a robot's physical appearance and its behavior influence how we form these models. This suggests it is possible for a robot to unintentionally manipulate a human into building an inaccurate mental model of its overall abilities simply by displaying a few capabilities that humans possess, such as speaking and turn-taking. We conclude that this expectations gap, if not corrected for, could ironically result in less effective collaborations as robot capabilities improve.
Supplemental information : Statistical properties of 3 D cell geometry from 2 D slices

Although cell shape can reflect the mechanical and biochemical properties of the cell and its environment, quantification of 3D cell shapes within 3D tissues can be difficult, typically requiring digital reconstruction from a stack of 2D images. We investigate a simple alternative technique that can provide information about the 3D shapes of cells in a tissue from non-consecutive 2D slices. Our technique uses a 3D cell vertex model to construct a mapping between the 3D properties of interest and the distribution of shapes observed in 2D slices. We analyze the errors that arise in the estimation of a 3D shape index from 2D imagery, and find that typically only a few dozen cells in 2D imagery are required to reduce uncertainty in the mean 3D shape index below 2%. This framework could be naturally extended to estimate additional 3D geometric features and quantify their uncertainty in other materials.
An Approach to Clinical Magnetocardiology IMASU AWANO , ATSUKO MURAMOTO

AWANO, I. , MURAMOTO, A, and AWANO, N. An Approach to Clinical Magnetocardiology. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1982, 138 (4), 367-381 Magnetocardiograms (MCGs) of normal human subjects and patients with various heart diseases and of fetuses (fetal magnetocardiogram, FMCG) were recorded using a SQUID magnetometer with a built-in second derivative gradiometer in a magnetically unshielded environment. MCGs and ECGs in this study were taken simultaneously at the same precordial chest positions (V1 N V6). The following results were obtained : (1) The waves of MCG showed a variety of changes which can never be detected in ECGs. (2) Clear FMCGs could be recorded without being overlapped by MCG of the mother. (3) In MCGs from a patient with complete A-V block, there was a secondary pacemaker spike which was presumably related to ventricular depolarization. (4) There were two kinds of characteristic changes with time in MCGs after onset of anterior myocardial infarction, which could be confirmed in experiments with dogs. Thus, the results obtained so far indicate a bright future of magnetocardiology in clinical medicine. --magnetocardiogram; clinical and experimental study; ECG; SQUID
A General, Tractable and Accurate Model for a Cascade of Caches

Performance evaluation of caching systems is an old and widely investigated research topic. The research community is once again actively working on this topic because the Internet is evolving towards new transfer modes, which envisage to cache both contents and instructions within the network. In particular, there is interest in characterizing multi-cache systems, in which requests not satisfied by a cache are forwarded to other caches. In this field, this paper contributes as follows. First, we devise a simple but accurate approximate analysis for caches fed by general "renewal" traffic patterns. Second, we characterize and model the traffic statistics for the output (miss) stream. Third, we show in the simple example case of tandem caches how the resulting output stream model can be conveniently exploited to analyze the performance of subsequent cache stages. The main novelty of our work stems in the ability to handle traffic patterns beyond the traditional independent reference model, thus permitting simple assessment of cascade of caches as well as improved understanding of the phenomena involved in cache hierarchies.
Fabrication and Characterization of Flexible and Miniaturized Humidity Sensors Using Screen-Printed TiO2 Nanoparticles as Sensitive Layer

This paper describes the fabrication and the characterization of an original example of a miniaturized resistive-type humidity sensor, printed on flexible substrate in a large-scale manner. The fabrication process involves laser ablation for the design of interdigitated electrodes on PET (Poly-Ethylene Terephthalate) substrate and a screen-printing process for the deposition of the sensitive material, which is based on TiO2 nanoparticles. The laser ablation process was carefully optimized to obtain micro-scale and well-resolved electrodes on PET substrate. A functional paste based on cellulose was prepared in order to allow the precise screen-printing of the TiO2 nanoparticles as sensing material on the top of the electrodes. The current against voltage (I–V) characteristic of the sensor showed good linearity and potential for low-power operation. The results of a humidity-sensing investigation and mechanical testing showed that the fabricated miniaturized sensors have excellent mechanical stability, sensing characteristics, good repeatability, and relatively fast response/recovery times operating at room temperature.
On the (Im)possibility of Obfuscating Programs The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters

are not ne essarily omputable in polynomial time, (b) only approximately preserve the fun tionality, and ( ) only need to work for very restri ted models of omputation (TC0). We also rule out several potential appli ations of obfus ators, by onstru ting \unobfus atable" signature s hemes, en ryption s hemes, and pseudorandom fun tion families.
Diagnostic accuracy of postmortem computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography-guided biopsies for the detection of ischaemic heart disease in a hospital setting

Aims The autopsy rate worldwide is alarmingly low (0-15%). Mortality statistics are important, and it is, therefore, essential to perform autopsies in a sufficient proportion of deaths. The imaging autopsy, non-invasive, or minimally invasive autopsy (MIA) can be used as an alternative to the conventional autopsy in an attempt to improve postmortem diagnostics by increasing the number of postmortem procedures. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and CT-guided biopsy for the detection of acute and chronic myocardial ischaemia. Methods and results We included 100 consecutive adult patients who died in hospital, and for whom next-of-kin gave permission to perform both conventional autopsy and MIA. The MIA consists of unenhanced total-body MRI and CT followed by CT-guided biopsies. Conventional autopsy was used as reference standard. We calculated sensitivity and specificity and receiver operating characteristics curves for CT and MRI as the stand-alone test or combined with biopsy for detection of acute and chronic myocardial infarction (MI). Sensitivity and specificity of MRI with biopsies for acute MI was 0.97 and 0.95, respectively and 0.90 and 0.75, respectively for chronic MI. MRI without biopsies showed a high specificity (acute: 0.92; chronic: 1.00), but low sensitivity (acute: 0.50; chronic: 0.35). CT (total Agatston calcium score) had a good diagnostic value for chronic MI [area under curve (AUC) 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64-0.84], but not for acute MI (AUC 0.60, 95% CI 0.48-0.72). Conclusion We found that the combination of MRI with biopsies had high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of acute and chronic myocardial ischaemia.
Induction of abiotic stress tolerance in plants by endophytic microbes

Endophytes are micro‐organisms including bacteria and fungi that survive within healthy plant tissues and promote plant growth under stress. This review focuses on the potential of endophytic microbes that induce abiotic stress tolerance in plants. How endophytes promote plant growth under stressful conditions, like drought and heat, high salinity and poor nutrient availability will be discussed. The molecular mechanisms for increasing stress tolerance in plants by endophytes include induction of plant stress genes as well as biomolecules like reactive oxygen species scavengers. This review may help in the development of biotechnological applications of endophytic microbes in plant growth promotion and crop improvement under abiotic stress conditions.
Research Ranking of Iranian Universities of Medical Sciences Based on International Indicators: An Experience From I.R. of Iran.

BACKGROUND In recent years, international ranking systems have been used by diverse users for various purposes. In most of these rankings, different aspects of performance of universities and research institutes, especially scientific performance, have been evaluated and ranked. In this article, we aimed to report the results of research ranking of Iranian universities of medical sciences (UMSs) based on some international indicators in 2015. METHODS In this study, after reviewing the research indicators of the majority of international ranking systems, with the participation of key stakeholders, we selected eight research indicators, namely research output, high-quality publications, leadership, total citations, citations per paper in 2015, papers per faculty member and h-index. The main sources for data gathering were Scopus, PubMed, and ISI, Web of Science. Data were extracted and normalized for Iranian governmental UMSs for 2015. RESULTS A total of 18023 articles were indexed in 2015 in Scopus with affiliations of UMSs affiliation. Almost 17% of all articles were published in top journals and 15% were published with international collaborations. The maximum h-index (h-index = 110) belonged to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The average paper per faculty member was 1.14 (Max = 2.5, Min = 0.13). The mean citation per published articles in Scopus was 0.33. CONCLUSION Research ranking of Iranian UMSs can create favorable competition among them towards knowledge production.
Single Channel EEG Artifact Identification Using Two-Dimensional Multi-Resolution Analysis

As a diagnostic monitoring approach, electroencephalogram (EEG) signals can be decoded by signal processing methodologies for various health monitoring purposes. However, EEG recordings are contaminated by other interferences, particularly facial and ocular artifacts generated by the user. This is specifically an issue during continuous EEG recording sessions, and is therefore a key step in using EEG signals for either physiological monitoring and diagnosis or brain–computer interface to identify such artifacts from useful EEG components. In this study, we aim to design a new generic framework in order to process and characterize EEG recording as a multi-component and non-stationary signal with the aim of localizing and identifying its component (e.g., artifact). In the proposed method, we gather three complementary algorithms together to enhance the efficiency of the system. Algorithms include time–frequency (TF) analysis and representation, two-dimensional multi-resolution analysis (2D MRA), and feature extraction and classification. Then, a combination of spectro-temporal and geometric features are extracted by combining key instantaneous TF space descriptors, which enables the system to characterize the non-stationarities in the EEG dynamics. We fit a curvelet transform (as a MRA method) to 2D TF representation of EEG segments to decompose the given space to various levels of resolution. Such a decomposition efficiently improves the analysis of the TF spaces with different characteristics (e.g., resolution). Our experimental results demonstrate that the combination of expansion to TF space, analysis using MRA, and extracting a set of suitable features and applying a proper predictive model is effective in enhancing the EEG artifact identification performance. We also compare the performance of the designed system with another common EEG signal processing technique—namely, 1D wavelet transform. Our experimental results reveal that the proposed method outperforms 1D wavelet.
Lipid Profiling of the Carob Fruit ( Ceratonia Siliqua L . ) Using GC / LC / QTOF Accurate Mass Spectrometry

The carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is a native of the Mediterranean basin with several applications in the food, textile and cosmetics industries [1]. It belongs to the Caesalpinaceae sub-family of the family Leguminoseae [2]. The pods of the carob fruit have long been used as a feed for livestock and in human nutrition, including sweets, biscuits and processed drinks, because of its high sugar content and low price [3]. The world production of carob pods is 374,800 to 441,000 tones/year, the leading producer countries are Spain followed by Italy, Portugal, Morocco, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey and Algeria [4,5]. Carob pods are rich source of natural antioxidants which may, by different mechanisms, act as an effective defense against reactive oxygen species including free radicals such as superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, and non-free radical species such as hydrogen peroxide. The two principal components of the carob fruit are the pulp and seed. The seeds represent 10% of the weight of the fruit and the pulp represent the other 90% of the fruit, crushed pods may be used to make a beverage, liqueur and syrup [6]. Image of the carob pods are shown in Figure 1.
Effect of Task Load Interventions on Fatigue in Emergency Medical Services Personnel and Other Shift Workers: A Systematic Review

Abstract Background: Modifying the task load of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel may mitigate fatigue, sleep quality and fatigue related risks. A review of the literature addressing task load interventions may benefit EMS administrators as they craft policies related to mitigating fatigue. We conducted a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature to address the following question: “In EMS personnel, do task load interventions mitigate fatigue, mitigate fatigue-related risks, and/or improve sleep? ” (PROSPERO 2016:CRD42016040114). Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature that described use of randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and observational study designs. We retained and reviewed research that involved EMS personnel or similar shift worker groups 18 years of age and older. Studies of ‘healthy volunteers’ and non-shift worker populations were excluded. Studies were included where the methodology of the study implied a theoretical framework of task load (or workload) affecting fatigue, and then fatigue related outcomes. Outcomes of interest included personnel safety, patient safety, personnel performance, acute fatigue, and cost to system. We used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to summarize findings and assess quality of evidence from very low to high quality. Results: The search strategy yielded 3,394 unique records resulting in 58 records included as potentially eligible. An additional 69 studies were reviewed in full following searches of bibliographies. We detected wide variation in the description and measurement of task load in the retained and excluded research. Among 127 potentially relevant studies reviewed in full, five were judged eligible. None of the retained studies reported findings germane to personnel safety, patient safety, or cost to system. We judged most studies to have serious or very serious risk of bias. Conclusions: The effect of task load interventions on fatigue, fatigue-related risks, and/or sleep quality was not estimable and the overall quality of evidence was judged low or very low. There was considerable heterogeneity in how task load was defined and measured.
TURINstream: A Totally pUsh, Robust, and effIcieNt P2P Video Streaming Architecture

This paper presents TURINstream, a novel P2P video streaming architecture designed to jointly achieve low delay, robustness to peer churning, limited protocol overhead, and quality-of-service differentiation based on peers cooperation. Separate control and video overlays are maintained by peers organized in clusters that represent sets of collaborating peers. Clusters are created by means of a distributed algorithm and permit the exploitation of the participant nodes upload capacity. The video is conveyed with a push mechanism by exploiting the advantages of multiple description coding. TURINstream design has been optimized through an event driven overlay simulator able to scale up to tens of thousands of peers. A complete prototype of TURINstream has been developed, deployed, and tested on PlanetLab. We tested our prototype under varying degree of peer churn, flash crowd arrivals, sudden massive departures, and limited upload bandwidth resources. TURINstream fulfills our initial design goals, showing low average connection, startup, and playback delays, high continuity index, low control overhead, and effective quality-of-service differentiation in all tested scenarios.
Multi motor electric powertrains: Technological potential and implementation of a model based approach

Vehicle electrification is proliferating and evolving towards multi-motor vehicles. This implies new degrees of freedom and higher controllability. Meanwhile, embedded technology is presenting attractive new solutions. Furthermore, Model-Based Development gains relevance as the complexity of automotive applications continues to grow and regulations address functional safety. The implications of this context are described in this work and taken as motivation to implement a solution that involves the key technologies related to the discussed domains and their remarkable potential. This paper presents the implementation of a methodology and its workflow with a toolchain setup which has been used to develop and commission a System-on-Chip-based ECU for a Torque Vectoring algorithm in a Motor-in-Wheel demonstrator vehicle. The implemented solution permits to rapidly and safely move from algorithm development and laboratory simulations to real circuit testing, agilely iterating control enhancements, tests and validation, for an efficient and effective deployment. Furthermore, both the applied methodology and the selected toolchain are suited for future certification considerations.
Sliding mode technique applied to output voltage control of the switched reluctance generator

This paper presents the design of a sliding mode (SM) technique applied to output voltage control of switched reluctance generators. From the tracking error, the SM controller sets the reference to an hysteresis regulator. In order to adjust the phase currents around this reference, the regulator changes the state of the asymmetrical half bridge switches during the excitation mode. A model based on experimental data is used to simulate the system. Simulation results are presented, from which it is possible to validate the proposed scheme.
Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease: analysis of survival according to the haemodynamic classification of the 2015 ESC/ERS guidelines and insights for future changes

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a relevant complication of left heart disease (LHD). The 2015 ESC/ERS PH guidelines report two different haemodynamic subsets of PH due to LHD (PH‐LHD) based on levels of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and diastolic pressure gradient (DPG): isolated post‐capillary PH (Ipc‐PH) and combined post‐ and pre‐capillary PH (Cpc‐PH). The objective of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of Ipc‐PH and Cpc‐PH.
Necroptosis in tumorigenesis, activation of anti-tumor immunity, and cancer therapy

While the mechanisms underlying apoptosis and autophagy have been well characterized over recent decades, another regulated cell death event, necroptosis, remains poorly understood. Elucidating the signaling networks involved in the regulation of necroptosis may allow this form of regulated cell death to be exploited for diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and will contribute to the understanding of the complex tumor microenvironment. In this review, we have summarized the mechanisms and regulation of necroptosis, the converging and diverging features of necroptosis in tumorigenesis, activation of anti-tumor immunity, and cancer therapy, as well as attempts to exploit this newly gained knowledge to provide therapeutics for cancer.