Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Auffällige Mutter-Kind-Interaktion im Vorschulalter bei Kindern mit hyperkinetischen und Sozialverhaltensauffälligkeiten

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: In der Literatur finden sich zahlreiche Berichte uber Auffalligkeiten in der Interaktion verhaltensgestorter Kinder mit ihren Muttern. Fragestellung: Replikation des Zusammenhangs zwischen Interaktionsstorungen und externalisierenden Auffalligkeiten bei Kindern und Untersuchung seiner entwicklungsspezifischen Rahmenbedingungen. Methode: 335 Mutter-Vorschulkind Paare wurden in einer Aufgaben- und einer Spielsituation im Videolabor aufgezeichnet und durch trainierte Rater nach quantitativen und qualitativen Merkmalen ausgewertet. Externalisierende Auffalligkeiten im Alter von 4 ½ und 8 Jahren wurden mit Hilfe eines standardisierten Elterninterviews erfast. Ergebnisse: Sowohl quer- als auch langsschnittlich waren verminderte Reaktivitat und mehr negative Reaktionen aufseiten des Kindes und hohere Restriktivitat und vermehrte Negativitat aufseiten der Mutter mit externalen Auffalligkeiten verknupft. Die beobachteten Zusammenhange waren bei hyperkinetischen Auffallig.
Information Displays and Choice Processes: Differential Effects of Organization, Form, and Sequence

Abstract This paper examines the differential influence of three features of information display on decision makers′ choice processes: (1) the organization of individual items of information into patterns or structures (matrices or lists), (2) the form of individual items (numbers or words), and (3) the sequence in which items or groups of items appear within the organization (sorted or random). Sixty MBA students chose the best alternative from sets of eight loan applications described on four relevant attributes. Subjects′ decision processes were inferred from verbal protocols and decision times. Each display feature had a distinctive influence on choice processes: Organization strongly influenced information acquisition, while form strongly influenced information combination and evaluation. Sequence had only a limited effect on information acquisition. All three display features influenced the effort expended by decision makers, with the largest effect due to organization. While organization also influenced decision makers′ self-reports of effort, there were inconsistencies between perceived and actual effort expenditure. These results have implications for understanding how decision makers respond adaptively to differences in information displays.
The chronology of second molar development in Brazilians and its application to forensic age estimation

Purpose This study investigated the possible correlation between the mineralization of the second molars and the chronological age of a sample population of the state of Paraiba, Brazil. Materials and Methods One thousand eight hundred fifty-four digitized panoramic images using a scanner of a private dental radiology service were obtained in six months. Of these, 457 were selected from patients aged 4.6 to 16 years who met certain criteria. The images were assessed twice by a radiologist with 5 years experience. A minimum interval of 30 days between the evaluations of the same patient was established. To analyze the relationship between chronological age, calcification level proposed by Demirjian et al in 1973, gender, and tooth, a multiple linear regression model was adjusted, taking age as the response variable (p<0.05). Results The gender and calcification level were significantly correlated with the age of the patients (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the average age of the patients' upper teeth compared to the lower ones in both genders (p<0.05). The dental development occurred earlier in female individuals than in male ones, and there was no significant difference between the right and left second permanent molars. Conclusion It was observed that ethnic variables are related to certain parameters of age and sex identification in the Brazilian population, providing important information for forensic evaluations.
Bypass Flow-Splitting Forwarding in FISH Networks

According to the fundamental interconnecting structure homogeneous network model and its routing oscillation phenomenon in Internet service provider digital ecosystems, a bypass flow-splitting forwarding (BFF) algorithm is proposed. The BFF algorithm utilizes the mirror process machine (MPM) to analyze the flow characteristics. Using cross-layer ideas, the MPM computes new forwarding granularity. Using the collaboration between MPM and programmable routers (PRs), BFF utilizes the type-of-service field to forward packets and makes full use of available bandwidth of multipath. Using real-world topology and traffic traces in NS2, the simulations prove that the BFF obtains a better forwarding performance with higher link utilization and lower delay. BFF can be easily deployed into the PRs of next-generation Internet.
A Near-Infrared Photometric Plane for Elliptical Galaxies and Bulges of Spiral Galaxies

We report the existence of a single plane in the space of global photometric parameters describing elliptical galaxies and the bulges of early-type spiral galaxies. The three parameters that define the plane are obtained by fitting the Sersic form to the brightness distribution obtained from near-infrared K-band images. We find, from the range covered by their shape parameters, that the elliptical galaxies form a more homogeneous population than the bulges. Known correlations like the Kormendy relation are projections of the photometric plane. The existence of the plane has interesting implications for bulge formation models.
Creatine kinase-MB enzyme elevation following successful saphenous vein graft intervention is associated with late mortality.

BACKGROUND Although the risk for development of creatine kinase (CK-MB) elevation after saphenous vein graft (SVG) intervention is high, its prognostic significance remains unknown. This study evaluated the impact of periprocedural CK-MB elevation on late clinical events following successful SVG angioplasty. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 1056 consecutive patients with successful (defined by angiographic success and absence of major complications) intervention of 1693 SVG lesions. These patients were grouped as normal CK-MB (n=556), minor CK-MB rise (CK-MB 1 to 5 times normal, n=339), and major CK-MB rise (CK-MB >5 times normal, n=161). There were no differences in major clinical events at 30-day follow-up among the 3 groups. However, 1-year mortality was 4.8%, 6.5%, and 11. 7%, respectively, P<0.05 (ANOVA). Even within a population without any intraprocedure or in-hospital complications (n=727, 69% of the overall cohort), 1-year mortality remained significantly higher with CK-MB elevation: 2.4%, 5.5%, and 10.7%, respectively, P<0.05 (ANOVA). Multivariate analysis revealed major CK-MB elevation as the strongest independent predictor of late mortality (odds ratio 3.3, with 95% CI 1.7 to 6.2), followed by diabetes mellitus (odds ratio 2. 6, with 95% CI 1.5 to 4.5). CONCLUSIONS Major CK-MB elevation occurs after 15% of otherwise successful SVG interventions and is associated with increased late mortality.
Exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias and risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) during ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring (typically occurring at rest or during sleep) is associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The prevalence and prognostic significance of ventricular arrhythmias during exercise is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a cohort study, with prospective data collection. We studied 1380 patients, referred to a cardiomyopathy clinic in London, UK [mean age 42 years (SD 15); 62% male; mean follow-up 54 (SD 49) months]. Patients underwent two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography, upright exercise testing, and Holter monitoring. Twenty-seven patients [mean age 40 (SD 14) years (18-64); 22 (81.5%) male] had NSVT (24) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) (3) during exercise. During exercise, 13 (54.2%) had more than one run of NSVT (maximum 5) with a mean heart rate of 221 (SD 48) b.p.m. Patients with exercise NSVT/VF had more severe hypertrophy (22.6 vs. 19.5 mm, P = 0.009) and larger left atria (47.3 vs. 43.7 mm, P = 0.03). Male gender was significantly associated with exercise NSVT/VF [22 (81.5%) vs. 832 (61.5%), P = 0.03]. Eight (29.6%) of the exercise NSVT/VF patients died or had a cardiac event (SD/ICD discharge/transplant) compared with 150 (11.1%) patients without exercise NSVT/VF, P = 0.008. Patients with NSVT/VF had a 3.73-fold increase in risk of SD/ICD discharge (HR 95% CI: 1.61-8.63, P = 0.002). Exercise NSVT alone was associated with a 2.82-fold increased risk (HR 95% CI: 1.02-7.75, P = 0.049). In multivariable analysis with other risk markers, exercise NSVT/VF (but not NSVT alone) was independently associated with an increased risk of SD/ICD [HR 3.14 (95% CI: 1.29-7.61, P = 0.01)]. CONCLUSION Ventricular arrhythmia during symptom limited exercise is rare in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but is associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death.
Identification of Factors Influencing the Restoration of Cyanobacteria-Dominated Biological Soil Crusts

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) cover >35% of the Earth’s land area and contribute to important ecological functions in arid and semiarid ecosystems, including erosion reduction, hydrological cycling, and nutrient cycling. Artificial rapid cultivation of BSCs can provide a novel alternative to traditional biological methods for controlling soil and water loss such as the planting of trees, shrubs, and grasses. At present, little is known regarding the cultivation of BSCs in the field due to lack of knowledge regarding the influencing factors that control BSCs growth. Thus, we determined the effects of various environmental factors (shade; watering; N, P, K, and Ca concentrations) on the growth of cyanobacteria-dominated BSCs from the Sonoran Desert in the southwestern United States. The soil surface changes and chlorophyll a concentrations were used as proxies of BSC growth and development. After 4 months, five factors were found to impact BSC growth with the following order of importance: NH4NO3 ≈ watering frequency>shading>CaCO3 ≈ KH2PO4. The soil water content was the primary positive factor affecting BSC growth, and BSCs that were watered every 5 days harbored greater biomass than those watered every 10 days. Groups that received NH4NO3 consistently exhibited poor growth, suggesting that fixed N amendment may suppress BSC growth. The effect of shading on the BSC biomass was inconsistent and depended on many factors including the soil water content and availability of nutrients. KH2PO4 and CaCO3 had nonsignificant effects on BSC growth. Collectively, our results indicate that the rapid restoration of BSCs can be controlled and realized by artificial “broadcasting” cultivation through the optimization of environmental factors.
Gender-specific presentations for asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in primary care.

AIM To identify age- and gender-specific prevalence rates for physician-diagnosed asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR) and eczema across a whole lifespan. METHOD Presentations of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema were identified in individuals aged 0 to 65 who consulted their general practitioner at least once in 1998-99 from a population sample of 266,733 in Scotland, and in 1991-95 for asthma and allergic rhinitis in 6,836,063 person years at risk in England and Wales. RESULTS In both sexes asthma presentations peak at 4-6 years whilst eczema peaks in infancy. A second asthma peak occurs during adolescence, earlier in females, at a time when a female predominance for all three atopic diseases is established. Female predominance of eczema presentations are limited to the reproductive period of 15-49 years. CONCLUSION The patterns of presentations for asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema by age and gender suggest important gender-specific differences in disease predisposition and diagnosis.
Stokes trap for multiplexed particle manipulation and assembly using fluidics

Significance In recent years, techniques for trapping and manipulating small particles and single molecules have catalyzed major advances in several fields of science. Here, we describe a new method for confining, manipulating, and assembling multiple particles in free solution using the sole action of fluid flow. The Stokes trap provides a fundamentally new method for particle manipulation and assembly using a simple microfluidic device and nonlinear feedback control in the absence of optical, electric, or magnetic fields. This method holds strong potential to enable fundamental studies in soft materials, colloidal science, and biophysics. The ability to confine and manipulate single particles and molecules has revolutionized several fields of science. Hydrodynamic trapping offers an attractive method for particle manipulation in free solution without the need for optical, electric, acoustic, or magnetic fields. Here, we develop and demonstrate the Stokes trap, which is a new method for trapping multiple particles using only fluid flow. We demonstrate simultaneous manipulation of two particles in a simple microfluidic device using model predictive control. We further show that this approach can be used for fluidic-directed assembly of multiple particles in solution. Overall, this technique opens new vistas for fundamental studies of particle–particle interactions and provides a new method for the directed assembly of colloidal particles.
Emerging approaches to the treatment of uveitis: patents of 2000 – 2004

The treatment of non-infectious uveitis is often a challenging experience for both the patient and the treating physician. The use of traditional forms of treatment is restricted by limited effectiveness and considerable side effects. This review examines the current trends in therapy and the emerging new classes of therapeutic agents used in the treatment of non-infectious uveitis. It then examines some of the newer approaches apparent from recent patenting over the past four years and assesses their likely future significance.
The Characteristics of Prominent Articles with “Special Education” in the Title

The purpose of this article is to identify and characterize prominent journal publications in the field of special education ffrom 1966 to 1986. Based on a specific set of criteria, 36 frequently cited articles were identified. These articles were compared with 25 randomly selected articles on a number of characteristics (e.g., funding source, research design, statistical method). The majority of frequently cited articles were non-data-based, published in area-specific journals, and single authored by males. Non-data-based prominent articles were more likely to make recommendation for policy or practice, present a hypothesis, and state the findings of previous research (although methodology was infrequently analyzed) when compared to randomly selected articles. For data-based articles, both frequently cited and randomly selected articles were characterized as being nonfunded, basic in statistical sophistication, with minimal information on the validity and reliability of measurement instruments. Implications related to the characteristics and quality of articles that influence special education literature are discussed.
Human perception of verticality: Psychophysical experiments on the centrifuge and their neuronal implications

The role of the otoliths in the perception of verticality is analyzed in two different gravitational environments, 1 g and 1 . 5 g, and in different roll body positions between upright and upside down. The subjective visual vertical (SW) is determined when a subject judges the orrentation of an indicator as apparently vertical. An increase of g level hardly affects the SW in the subject's frontal plane (y-z plane). However, for the first time, a three-dimensionally adjustable indicator was used for the SW and this revealed a new phenomenon: An increase of g level induces a backward slant of the SW into subject's median plane (x-z plane). The data are discussed with regard to Mittelstaedt's SW theory; particular emphasis is given to the otolith-head coordrnate transformatron and the normalization of afferent otolith components. The results of this study provrde evidence that the former is implemented at an earlier level and thus orecedes the latter.
Corticofugal connections between the cerebral cortex and brainstem vestibular nuclei in the macaque monkey

The distribution of cortical efferent connections to brainstem vestibular nuclei was quantitatively analysed by means of retrograde tracer substances injected into different electrophysiologically identified parts of the brainstem vestibular nuclear complex of five Java monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Three polysensory vestibular areas were found to have a substantial projection to the vestibular nuclei: area 2v located at the tip of the intraparietal sulcus, the parietoinsular vestibular cortex (PIVC) covering the most occipital part of the granular insula (Ig) and the retroinsular area (Ri or reipt), and the dorsolateral part of the somatosensory area 3a (“area 3aV” neck/trunk region). From physiological recording experiments, these three cortical fields were known to contain many neurons responding to stimulation of semicircular canals as well as to optokinetic (area 2v, PIVC) and somatosensory stimuli (PIVC, area 3a). These three regions form the inner cortical vestibular circuit. Besides these polysensory vestibular cortical fields, three other circumscribed cortical regions of the macaque brain were also found to project directly to the brainstem vestibular nuclei: a circumscribed part of the postarcuate premotor cortex (area 6pa), part of the agranular and the adjacent dysgranular cortex located around the cingulate sulcus (area 6c/23c), and a predominantly visual (optokinetic) association field located at the fundus of the lateral sulcus (area T3). These areas are known to have connections with the structures of the inner cortical vestibular circuit. Only a few efferent connections to the brainstem vestibular nuclei were found for the different parts of cytoarchitectonic area 7. Significant differences were found between the efferent innervation patterns of the axons originating in the six cortical areas mentioned and ending in the various compartments of the vestibular nuclear complex. Vestibular nuclei with a dominant output to the gaze motor system of the brainstem receive efferent connections preferably from the parietoinsular vestibular cortex. Vestibular structures with their primary output to skeletomotor centers, however, receive stronger efferent connections from areas 6pa and 3a. The ventrolateral nucleus, which sends efferent axons to both the oculomotor and skeletomotor systems of the brainstem and the spinal cord, also receives its main cortical efferents from the somatomotor area 6 and from area 3aV. Through these connections the cortical somatomotor system may directly influence vestibuloocular and vestibulocollic reflexes. It is speculated that the corticofugal connections to the vestibular brainstem nuclei are predominantly inhibitory, suppressing vestibular reflexes during cortically controlled goal‐directed movements. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increasing the antioxidative capacity of neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass prime solution: anin vitro study

Inflammation and oxidative damage are believed to play an important role in the postoperative complications after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in neonates. During the preparation of the prime, red blood cells (RBCs) release non-protein-bound iron (NPBI) and free haemoglobin/haem (Hb/haem). The presence of these prooxidants in the prime solution may increase oxidative stress in neonates undergoing CPB. The solution used as the basis of the prime solution may influence the degree of this oxidative stress. We investigated the NPBI and the Hb/haem binding capacities of two different prime solutions: a prime based on pasteurized human albumin and a prime based on fresh frozen plasma. The presence of NPBI and free Hb/haem were measured during and after the preparation of the prime solution. Only in the albumin prime was NPBI detectable. However, in both primes, the concentrations of free Hb/haem increased. Thus, to reduce the prooxidative effects of NPBI and free Hb/haem, RBCs should be added to the prime at the last possible moment. Adding fresh frozen plasma should be considered, as this would result in no detectable NPBI in the prime solution.
Regulating the bilingual lexico-semantic system

This paper aims to foster discussion of the means by which bilinguals control their two language systems. It proposes an inhibitory control (IC) model that embodies the principle that there are multiple levels of control. In the model a language task schema (modulated by a higher level of control) "reactively" inhibits potential competitors for production at the lemma level by virtue of their language tags. The IC model is used to expand the explanation of the effect of category blocking in translation proposed by Kroll and Stewart (1994) and predictions of the model are tested against other data. Its relationship to other proposals and models is considered and future directions proposed. Introduction There has been progress in understanding the nature and organization of processes underlying the performance of specific tasks (e.g., single word production, Levelt, Roelofs and Meyer, in press) but much less evident is an understanding of how various component processes are linked to perform one task rather than another or to switch between tasks (Monsell, 1996). Hearing a word a person could retrieve its meaning, write it down, repeat it (again and again), free associate to it, count the number of letters or syllables in it , or translate it into another language. Given one task to perform rather than another, how do individuals configure the various modules required and ensure that other tasks are not performed instead? Typically, experimental research requires individuals to perform just one task (e.g., lexical decision, picture naming) and so this aspect of the potential competition between different tasks afforded by a stimulus goes unrecognized. Bilingual research poses the problem of the competition between tasks and the competition between responses quite directly. To exemplify: consider the task of translating a visually presented word. Is this task not also a kind of Stroop task? Bilinguals have to avoid naming the printed word and, instead, produce a translation equivalent as a response. In other circumstances, such as naming a picture, a bilingual speaker is also potentially faced with the problem of selecting between alternative responses. This selection problem might seem to be directly connected to the problem of how words are represented in the minds of bilingual speakers. There are a number of proposals about the nature of the bilingual lexico-semantic system (Votaw, 1992) but these proposals have not always addressed the question of how to achieve a desired output. Ervin and Osgood (1954), for …