Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discussion Of An Analysis Of Auditor Liability Rules

"An Analysis of Auditor Liability Rules" shows that proportionate liability can provide incentives for auditors to take greater effort than joint and several liability, even though the auditors face a higher level of liability under the joint and several liability regime. The model's contributions are its explicit incorporation of comparative negligence theory in the liability regimes, so that auditors' actions affect their share of damages, and its recognition that joint and several liability differs from proportionate liability only when one defendant is insolvent. The main insight from this representation is that the incentive provided by making auditors' share of the damages depend on their effort (hereafter the "comparative negligence incentive") disappears under joint and several liability when the auditee is insolvent, since then the auditor must pay all the damages, regardless of the action chosen. The paper shows that proportionate liability actually provides more incentive than joint and several liability whenever the "comparative negligence incentive" (which is absent in the joint and several regime) is stronger than the incentive provided by the higher level of liability in the joint and several regime. As a result, auditors choose a lower level of effort under joint and several liability than they would with proportionate liability. This is an important insight to the extent that previous arguments and theories have failed to recognize how incentives depend on the "comparative negligence incentive" as well as the level of liability. By and large, conference discussion focused on three main topics: (1) the modeling strategy adopted, (2) the primary issue in the proportionate
Modeling Regional Heterogeneity with Panel Data: Application to Spanish Provinces

The estimation of aggregate production functions is common in regional economics. Regional data are usually characterized by a high level of heterogeneity among observations which are not frequently reflected in the data. If this unobserved heterogeneity, is not treated adequately can arise serious econometric problems. In this paper we review the different approaches the literature has used to deal with this problem. Moreover, in order to compare different models we estimate aggregate production functions using data from Spanish regions. First we estimate the Cornwell, Schmidt and Sickles (1990) model. Furthermore, we estimate a Battese and Coelli (1995) model. We include a time trend as an efficiency explanatory variable so the efficiency is time varying. We compare both estimates with the traditional fixed effects model.
Annotation and analysis of low‐complexity protein families of Anopheles gambiae that are associated with cuticle

We have characterized four new families of homologous genes of the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, all of which include members shown by previous work to be cuticular in nature. The CPLCG, CPLCW, CPLCP, and CPLCA families (where CPLC is ‘cuticular protein of low complexity’) encode proteins with a high proportion of low‐complexity sequence. We have also annotated the An. gambiae Tweedle genes, a family of cuticular protein genes first described in Drosophila, and additional ungrouped An. gambiae cuticular proteins identified by proteomics. Our annotations reveal multiple gene‐family expansions that are specific to Diptera or Culicidae. The CPLCG and CPLCW families occur within a large and dynamic tandem array on chromosome 3R that includes sets of concertedly evolving genes. Most gene families exhibit two or more different expression profiles during development.
On-line tuning adaptive controller design for a synchronous reluctance motor drive system

The paper proposed a new adaptive controller design for a synchronous reluctance motor drive system. In this paper, an on-line tuning adaptive controller is proposed. This on-line adaptive controller is based on least-mean-square algorithm. The adaptive controller is constructed by using an adaptive model and an adaptive control. The parameters of both the adaptive model and adaptive control are on-line tuned. By using the proposed method, the transient responses, load disturbance responses and tracking responses of the drive system are improved. The proposed method can perform a wide adjustable speed from 1 r/min to 1800 r/min as well. A digital signal processor, TMS-320F-28335, is used to execute the adaptive current-loop, and speed-loop controllers. Experimental results can validate the theoretical analysis and show the feasibility and correctness of the proposed method.
Suboptimal mechanism for load balancing in cloud environment

Load balancing is important and major issue for cloud networks due to its elastic nature, user's unpredictable behavior and difficulty faced to foresee the request issued to the server. In order to efficiently utilize cloud resources, we are presenting a new methodology for dynamic resource allocation based on the suboptimal mechanism of aggregation i.e. GIT (greedy incremental tree). The technique improves path sharing at time of migration during load balance process. A cloud workload network is constructed based on-Greedy heuristics having the characteristics to build incrementally diverse set, selecting one compute node at a time to maximize diversity measure. The virtual machine manager can rely on the rules and can make efficient decision for optimal provisioning of virtual machine based on the aggregated route.
Regulation of the prometastatic neuregulin–MMP13 axis by SRC family kinases: therapeutic implications

Metastatic dissemination of tumor cells is responsible for the fatal outcome of breast cancer. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in dissemination is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent metastasis. One mechanism involved in metastatic dissemination of breast cancer cells is dependent on control of the production of matrix metalloproteinases by the neuregulins (NRGs). The NRGs are polypeptide factors that act by binding to the ErbB/HER subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases. NRG‐mediated activation of HER receptors causes an increase in the production of metalloprotease 13 (MMP13, also termed collagenase‐3), which facilitates metastatic dissemination of breast tumors. In this context, we aimed to explore whether the clinically approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib was able to neutralize this mechanism of metastatic dissemination. Here, we show that dasatinib restricted NRG‐induced MMP13 upregulation, both in vitro and in vivo, and in vivo metastatic dissemination of breast cancer cells. Chemical proteomics studies showed that the main cellular targets of dasatinib were SRC family kinases (SFKs). Moreover, genetic studies showed that knockdown of SRC or YES strongly inhibited NRG‐induced MMP13 upregulation in vitro. Mechanistically, dasatinib treatment or knockdown of SRC also inhibited ERK1/2 kinases in vitro, which were required for NRG‐induced MMP13 upregulation. These results open the possibility of clinically exploring the antitumoral action of dasatinib in those tumors in which the NRG–MMP13 signaling axis may play a relevant role in the control of tumor cell dissemination.
Role of ancillary techniques in diagnosing and subclassifying non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas on fine needle aspiration cytology

Non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are tumours of the lymphoid cells. During the process of development of lymphoid cells, neoplasia may evolve at any point. Neoplastic cells usually carry the imprint of cell of origin at the stage of origin. Various types of NHL may have similar morphology with wide variation in origin, immunophenotype and other biological features. Different ancillary laboratory techniques may help to overcome the limitations of morphology in this aspect. The commonly used ancillary techniques in lymphomas are immunocytochemistry (IC), flow cytometry, Southern blot (SB) technique, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). In addition, laser scanning cytometry (LSC) and DNA microarray technologies are in the research phase. Various laboratory techniques are used for immunophenotyping, demonstration of monoclonality, identification of chromosomal translocation, assessment of cell kinetics and expression of mRNA in the tumour cells. Flow cytometry helps in rapid immunophenotying of NHL and it has an added advantage over IC in recognizing the co‐expression of CD markers. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) combined with flow immunophenotyping may help us to diagnose and subclassify certain NHLs, such as follicular lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma, which were previously recognized as pure morphological entities. Loss of morphology is one of the important limitations of flow cytometry. LSC can overcome this limitation by studying morphology along with the immunophenotyping pattern of individual cells. Chromosomal changes in NHL can be identified by SB, PCR and FISH. Molecular diagnosis of NHL helps in diagnosis, subclassification, prognostic assessment and even in planning of therapy. DNA microarray is a relatively newer and promising technology. It gives information about the expression of several thousands of genes in a tumour in a single experiment. In the near future, FNAC combined with ancillary techniques may play a major role in diagnosis, subclassification and management of lymphomas.
Deficits in Striatal Dopamine D2 Receptors and Energy Metabolism Detected by in Vivo MicroPET Imaging in a Rat Model of Huntington's Disease

Functional imaging by repeated noninvasive scans of specific (18)F tracer distribution using a high-resolution small-animal PET scanner, the microPET, assessed the time course of alterations in energy utilization and dopamine receptors in rats with unilateral striatal quinolinic acid lesions. Energy utilization ipsilateral to the lesion, determined using scans of 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-d-glucose uptake, was compromised severely 1 week after intrastriatal excitotoxin injections. When the same rats were imaged 5 and 7 weeks postlesion, decrements in energy metabolism were even more prominent. In contrast, lesion-induced effects on dopamine D(2) receptor binding were more progressive, with an initial upregulation of [3-(2'-(18)F]fluoroethyl)spiperone binding apparent 1 week postlesion followed by a decline 5 and 7 weeks thereafter. Additional experiments revealed that marked upregulation of dopamine D(2) receptors consequent to quinolinic acid injections could be detected as early as 3 days after the initial insult. Postmortem markers of striatal GABAergic neurons were assessed in the same rats 7 weeks after the lesion: expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase and dopamine D(1) receptor mRNA, as well as [(3)H]SCH-23,390 and [(3)H]spiperone binding to dopamine D(1) and D(2) receptors, respectively, detected prominent decrements consequent to the lesion. In contrast, by 7 weeks postlesion [(3)H]WIN-35,428 binding to dopamine transport sites within the striatum appeared to be enhanced proximal to the quinolinic acid injection sites. The results demonstrate that functional imaging using the microPET is a useful technique to explore not only the progressive neurodegeneration that occurs in response to excitotoxic insults, but also to examine more closely the intricacies of neurotransmitter activity in a small animal model of HD.
Simulation of the Three Phase Induction Machine Including the Effects of Saturation

A new model for including the saturation effects in a star-connected induction motor is presented. The model is a combination of the dq-axes machine model in a rotating reference frame attached to the air-gap flux, with "magnetic harmonic functions" obtained experimentally, which describe the nonlinear behaviour. The fundamental and third harmonic spatial components of flux distribution that arises from saturation in the main flux path are included in the model. Experimental validation has been performed for the comparing simulated and experimental results
Does autotitrating positive airway pressure therapy improve postoperative outcome in patients at risk for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome? A randomized controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea has been associated with postoperative complications. We hypothesized that postoperative autotitrating positive airway pressure (APAP) applied to patients at high risk for obstructive sleep apnea would shorten hospital stay and reduce postoperative complications. METHODS Included were patients aged 18 to 100 years scheduled for elective total knee or hip arthroplasty who were able to give informed consent. Patients without contraindication to positive airway pressure therapy were divided into a high- or low-risk group on the basis of the Flemons sleep apnea clinical score. Low-risk patients received standard care. High-risk patients were randomized to receive standard care or standard care plus postoperative APAP. All patients were administered a predismissal cardiorespiratory sleep study. The primary end point was length of stay, and secondary end points were a range of postoperative complications. RESULTS One hundred thirty-eight patients were enrolled in the study (52 in the low-risk group, 86 in the high-risk group). Within the high-risk group, 43 were randomized to standard care and 43 to standard care plus postoperative APAP. There were no significant differences in the length of stay (P=.65) or any of the secondary end points between the randomized groups. On subgroup analysis of patients with an apnea-hypopnea index of ≥15, patients randomized to APAP had a longer postoperative stay (median, 5 vs 4 days; P=.02). CONCLUSIONS The role for empirical postoperative APAP requires further study, but the findings did not show benefit for APAP applied postoperatively to positive airway pressure-naive patients at high risk for sleep apnea.
Dendritic Cells and Tumor Microenvironment: A Dangerous Liaison

The fact that the immune response to cancer is compromised has been convincingly demonstrated in murine tumor models as well as in cancer patients. The unresponsiveness of the host immune system is one of the major mechanisms of tumor escape as well as an important factor that limits the success of cancer immunotherapy. Inadequate function of professional antigen presenting cells dendritic cells (DC) in cancer is one of the major elements of compromised anti-tumor immune response. Despite substantial progress in recent years, the mechanism of inadequate DC function in cancer still remains unclear. The tumor microenvironment has emerged as an important component contributing to DC malfunction. In this review we will discuss the potential role of tumor microenvironment in DC dysfunction.
POSTINDUSTRIAL ECONOMY AND THE PROPERTY

The fundamental problem, and at the same time, the great challenge of Romanian agrarian policy, as well as related sciences, is the chronic poverty of peasants, agricultural land owners. This issue suggests that the land, as an essential element of ownership, paradoxically, no longer creates welfare for the peasants. Hence, is only natural to ask: What does the peasant still wants or expects from the land? or Why is the peasant still attached to the land? Most researchers of Agricultural Economics would respond to these questions quantifying and analyzing the results of household production. Their approach is not wrong, yet not sufficient. After all, they study the visible part of the iceberg. A complete or nearly complete answer requires deeper inquiries, with reference to other areas of knowledge than the economic one, such as sociology, psychology, culture, history, morality, religion.
Human serum albumin adsorption on hydrogel contact lenses in vitro.

PURPOSE To improve the understanding of the formation of protein deposits on hydrogel lenses. METHODS A study of protein adsorption on three commercial hydrogel contact lenses of different materials, Etafilcon A (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate [HEMA] polymer with sodium methacrylate and 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol trimethacrylate), tefilcon (poly[HEMA] cross-linked and copolymerized with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), and vifilcon A (methacrylic acid polymer with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, HEMA and N-vinyl pyrrolidone) was undertaken by using a single protein solution, human serum albumin (HSA), and a radiolabel-tracer technique. RESULTS Static adsorption leading to multilayer adsorption was observed. Complete reversibility for adsorbed HSA on lenses did not exist. Some was tightly bound, whereas most was loosely bound and could be removed easily by rinsing in phosphate-buffered saline. Irreversible adsorption of HSA on the lenses was found to be time dependent and did not reach a maximum value even after 48 hours of adsorption. The amount of HSA adsorbed on the lenses-irreversibly as well as totally adsorbed protein-was in the order of vifilcon A > tefilcon > etafilcon A. Adsorption of HSA on the lenses increases with decreasing pH (range, 7.4 to 4) but always follows the above trend with respect to the different types of lenses. CONCLUSIONS Irreversible binding of HSA on lenses is governed by the kinetics of protein denaturation. Electrostatic interactions may not play a major role in HSA adsorption on hydrogel lenses. Some other factors, such as hydrophobic dehydration, and special monomer units, such as N-vinyl pyrrolidone in the lens materials, may favor adsorption of HSA.
Multi-channel acquisition of physiological parameters for health care application

Different physiological parameters of a human being are measured to accurately diagnose the related disease. Though there are numerous physiological parameters this paper emphasizes on some of the most common physiological parameters such as blood pressure, EMG, sEMG, heart rate and ECG which are of primary importance to elderly people. Accurate measurement and analysis of these parameters can lead to diagnose of several lethal disease. This paper describes the method of measurement and analysis of these physiological parameters. Simulation analyses of these signals are presented in this paper.
Prediction of cognitive decline by positron emission tomography of brain amyloid and tau.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether 2-(1-{6-[(2-fluorine 18-labeled fluoroethyl)methylamino]-2-napthyl}ethylidene) malononitrile ([(18)F]FDDNP) brain regional values in individuals without dementia predict and correlate with future cognitive change. DESIGN Two-year, longitudinal follow-up study. SETTING A university research institute. PARTICIPANTS Volunteer sample of 43 middle-aged and older persons (median age, 64 years), including 21 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 22 with normal aging. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Longitudinal [(18)F]FDDNP positron emission tomography (PET) binding values in the medial and lateral temporal, posterior cingulate, parietal, frontal, and global (mean) regions of interest; neuropsychological test battery measuring 5 cognitive domains, including memory, language, attention (and information-processing speed), executive functioning, and visuospatial ability. RESULTS For the entire study group (MCI and normal aging), increases in frontal, posterior cingulate, and global binding at follow-up correlated with progression of memory decline (r = -0.32 to -0.37, P = .03 to .01) after 2 years. Moreover, higher baseline [(18)F]FDDNP binding was associated with future decline in most cognitive domains, including language, attention, executive, and visuospatial abilities (r = -0.31 to -0.56, P = .05 to .002). For the MCI group, frontal and parietal [(18)F]FDDNP binding yielded the greatest diagnostic accuracy in identifying converters to Alzheimer disease vs nonconverters after 2 years, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.72-1.00) compared with 0.68 (95% CI, 0.45-0.91) for medial temporal binding. CONCLUSIONS [(18)F]FDDNP PET regional binding patterns are consistent with known neuropathologic patterns of plaque and tangle brain accumulation, spreading from the medial temporal to other neocortical regions as disease progresses. Because binding patterns predict future cognitive decline and increase over time along with clinical decline, [(18)F]FDDNP PET scanning may have practical utility in identifying people at risk for future cognitive decline and in tracking the effectiveness of novel interventions designed to prevent or delay neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
Essential functions of androgen signaling emerged through the developmental analysis of vertebrate sex characteristics

SUMMARY Androgen‐androgen receptor (AR) signaling plays key roles in the development of sex characteristics for vertebrates. The essential role of androgen‐AR signaling can be analyzed by interdisciplinary approaches including molecular and evolutionary analyses. Recent evolutionally analyses of AR gene revealed that the most ancient AR appeared in cartilaginous fish, the common ancestor of all the extant, jawed vertebrates. Sexual differentiation is a remarkably complex process, which depends on the orchestration of the signaling network. Recent molecular analyses of reproductive organ development indicate the presence of putative effectors for growth factor signaling that can potentially interact with hormonal signaling. The Wnt/β‐catenin pathway is an indispensable masculinizing factor for the external genitalia development of mice. Sonic hedgehog pathway, with expression induced by androgen is involved in the copulatory organ outgrowth in teleosts. This review focuses on the interaction of androgen and growth factor pathways that promote the sexual differentiation of reproductive organs in vertebrates.
Warmth of familiarity and chill of error: Affective consequences of recognition decisions

The present research aimed to assess the effect of recognition decision on subsequent affective evaluations of recognised and non-recognised objects. Consistent with the proposed account of post-decisional preferences, results showed that the effect of recognition on preferences depends upon objective familiarity. If stimuli are recognised, liking ratings are positively associated with exposure frequency; if stimuli are not recognised, this link is either absent (Experiment 1) or negative (Experiments 2 and 3). This interaction between familiarity and recognition exists even when recognition accuracy is at chance level and the “mere exposure” effect is absent. Finally, data obtained from repeated measurements of preferences and using manipulations of task order confirm that recognition decisions have a causal influence on preferences. The findings suggest that affective evaluation can provide fine-grained access to the efficacy of cognitive processing even in simple cognitive tasks.
Strategies for improving the quantitative bioanalytical performance of LC-MS in pharmacokinetic studies.

Quantitative bioanalysis is urgently required for the evaluation of pharmacokinetic properties of a drug and to demonstrate the body exposure to the parent drug and/or metabolite for interpretation of the efficacy and toxicity. New trends in drug discovery and development will be always posing challenges on LC-MS-based quantitative bioanalysis. The focus of this minireview is to highlight the commonly used strategies for improving the quantitative bioanalytical performance including overcoming matrix effects and improving MS detectability. "LC-electrolyte effects" and "pulse gradient chromatography" proposed by our group are new approaches that have also showed potential efficiencies on improving overall bioassay performance, including lowering lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), enlarging upper limit of quantification (ULOQ), decreasing matrix effects, and overcoming elutropic effects, etc. They should also work well in metabolic profiling studies and other important analytical fields, such as food pesticide residue analysis, environmental analysis, clinical and forensic toxicology, doping control, and so on.