Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Misdiagnosis of pneumonia in patients needing mechanical respiration.

During a prospective study of tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation, it was found that the primary physicians made a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia in 60 of 111 patients. The primary indications for assisted ventilation included multiple trauma and ventilatory failure after major operations. Only 18 patients had supportive evidence for a diagnosis of pneumonia. Evaluation of the pulmonary processes indicated a diagnosis of atelectasis or postthoracotomy changes in 20 patients while pneumonia could not be differentiated from atelectasis in eight. Atypical pulmonary edema was misinterpreted as pneumonia in five patients and two had uremic infiltrates. The diagnosis was based on fever and positive tracheal cultures in seven patients without physical or roentgenographic findings. Previous emphasis on infection in respirator patients, coupled with misinterpretation of tracheal cultures and x-ray films of the chest made with a standard portable unit may result in overdiagnosis of pneumonia.
Finite Element Simulation: The Effects of Loading Modes at Different Anatomical Sites of Trabecular Bone on Morphological Indices

The relationship between morphological parameter and different type of loading orientation on elastic behavior and yielding of trabecular may provide insight towards osteoporotic bone losses during normal activities. This paper attempts to predict the elastic and failure behavior of different loading modes (tensile and compression) on anatomic sites and morphological indices through finite element (FE) simulation. Specimens extracted from bovine femoral trabecular bone were imaged using micro computed tomography (μCT). Morphological studies were done followed by FE analysis. Results demonstrated differences between yield behaviors on anatomic sites were reflected onto the morphological indices and the type of loading modes. The yield initiated earlier in rod-like than plate-like trabecular in both loading condition but showed different failure behavior in rod-like trabecular with small differences in maximum stress between tensile and compressive. However, in many cases, trabecular models tend to have oblique fracture pattern in all anatomic sites. Through these findings, improved prediction of elastic properties and yield behavior by computational means provide insight in the development of bone substitute material depending on the anatomic site as well as in osteoporotic bone pathological treatment to monitor losses in trabecular struts.
Effect of Oil Water-Accommodated Fraction on Growth and Chlorophyll-A of Marine Microalgae

The experiment studied the 96h acute toxicity effects on three kinds of microalgae caused by Water-Accommodated Fraction (WAF), and effects of different concentrations WAF (Platymonas helgolandica var. tsingtaoensis, Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima 00.524816 mg/L; Isochrysis galbana 00.52.551020 mg/L) on chlorophyll-a content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. It showed that the WAF 96h EC50 of the Platymonas helgolandica var. tsingtaoensis, Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima, Isochrysis galbana were 13.84mg/L, 18.83mg/L and 6.73mg/L. The level of WAF sensitivity was Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima > Platymonas helgolandica var. tsingtaoensis > Isochrysis galbana. The WAF caused inhibition of chlorophyll-a content except in condition of the low concentration. It showed the higher of the WAF concentration, the stronger the inhibition.
Accelerating Mobile Multimedia with the Intel ® PXA 27 x Processor Family

Demand for mobile video applications is growing today in wireless handheld platforms. The Intel® PXA27x processor family has been designed to accelerate mobile multimedia and applications processing in a power efficient manner. The PXA27x processor is a highly integrated system on a chip including the Intel XScale® Microarchitecture with 64-bit Intel® Wireless MMXTM technology, 256KBytes of on-chip SRAM, multimedia interfaces and a host of serial ports. This paper provides an overview of the PXA27X processor architecture, machine organization and functional units. It also provides analysis of the key features of the architecture that specifically enhance the multi-media performance.
Electrical resistivity and capillarity of self-compacting concrete with incorporation of fly ash and limestone filler

Electrical resistivity is a property associated with both the physical and chemical characteristics of concrete. It allows the evaluation of the greater or lesser difficulty with which aggressive substances penetrate the concrete's core before the dissolution of the passive film process and the consequent reinforcement's corrosion begin. This work addresses the capillary absorption of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with various types and contents of additions, correlating it with its electrical resistivity. To that effect, binary and ternary mixes of SCC were produced using fly ashes (FA) and limestone filler (LF). A total of 11 self-compactable mixes were produced: one with cement (C) only; three with C + FA in 30%, 60% and 70% substitution ratios; three with C + LF in 30%, 60% and 70% substitution ratios; four with C + FA + LF in combinations of 10-20%, 20-10%, 20-40% and 40-20% substitution ratios, respectively; and four reference mixes according to the LNEC E 464 specification, which refers to the NP EN 206-1 norm. The evaluation of the capillarity of the mixes produced was made through the determination of the water absorption by capillarity coefficient according to the LNEC E 393 specification. The electrical resistivity was evaluated using the European norm proposal presented by the EU-Project CHLORTEST (EU funded research Project under 5FP GROWTH programme) and based on the RILEM TC-154 EMC technical recommendation. The results indicate that SCC's capillarity is strongly conditioned by the type and quantity of the additions used. It was found that FA addition significantly improves some of the properties studied especially at older ages.
Service-Oriented Architecture on FPGA-Based MPSoC

The integration of software services-oriented architecture (SOA) and hardware multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) has been pursued for several years. However, designing and implementing a service-oriented system for diverse applications on a single chip has posed significant challenges due to the heterogeneous architectures, programming interfaces, and software tool chains. To solve the problem, this paper proposes SoSoC, a service-oriented system-on-chip framework that integrates both embedded processors and software defined hardware accelerators s as computing services on a single chip. Modeling and realizing the SOA design principles, SoSoC provides well-defined programming interfaces for programmers to utilize diverse computing resources efficiently. Furthermore, SoSoC can provide task level parallelization and significant speedup to MPSoC chip design paradigms by providing out-of-order execution scheme with hardware accelerators. To evaluate the performance of SoSoC, we implemented a hardware prototype on Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA board with EEMBC benchmarks. Experimental results demonstrate that the service componentization over original version is less than 3 percent, while the speedup for typical software Benchmarks is up to 372x. To show the portability of SoSoC, we implement the convolutional neural network as a case study on both Xilinx Zynq and Altera DE5 FPGA boards. Results show the SoSoC outperforms state-of-the-art literature with great flexibility.
Abolition of End-Organ Damage by Antiandrogen Treatment in Female Hypertensive Transgenic Rats

Abstract—We aimed at studying the role of androgens in the development of cardiovascular pathology in hypertensive female rats. Female TGR(mREN2)27 rats harboring the mouse Ren-2 renin gene were treated with Flutamide (specific antagonist of the androgen receptor, 30 mg/kg per day) starting at 4 weeks of age. Flutamide treatment significantly attenuated the development of hypertension in female rats (systolic blood pressure: treated, 134.5±5.4 versus control, 165.4±3.8 mm Hg). Heart hypertrophy was significantly reduced by the treatment (treated, 0.37±0.008 versus control, 0.45±0.01 g/100 g body wt). Urinary albumin excretion was blunted (treated, 0.4±0.1 versus control, 23.1±7.5 mg/24 hours), collagen III mRNA was significantly decreased, and no histological characteristics of end-organ damage were observed in the kidney after treatment. Flutamide treatment significantly reduced plasma renin concentrations and rat renin mRNA in kidney but not plasma angiotensinogen levels. Plasma levels of estrogens, testosterone, and luteinizing hormone were not altered. These results demonstrate that the androgen receptor antagonist Flutamide protects against hypertension and end-organ damage not only in male but also in female TGR(mREN2)27 rats.
The field distribution in a finite number of nanostructured metal waveguide arrays

We investigative the field distribution in nanostructured metal waveguide arrays. Firstly, we analyze a simple discrete system containing two adjacent metallic waveguides (N=2). The propagation constants β1 and β2 can be calculated by a rigorous field analysis approach. According to the supermode theory of conventional dielectric waveguide arrays, we can also obtain the expressions of propagation constants. So we can obtain the coupling constant and the perturbation constant of the expressions in the supermode theory. Next, we consider a system that contains five adjacent metal waveguides (N=5). The propagation constants and the wavefunctions of the supermodes can be obtained according to the coupling constant, the perturbation constant, and the supermode theory. The incident light is located at the input of the 4st waveguide. The initial excited field can be expressed as a sum of supermodes. The total field is formed by the superposition of supermodes. The variation of field amplitude with propagation distance is obtained and can predict the precise positions of the field distribution. To demonstrate the analytical results, we numerically simulate the field distribution in the waveguides (N=5) constructed with silver by the finite-difference time-domain method. The numerical simulation results show a good agreement with theoretical expectations.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation outcomes in children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Introduction: Pediatric patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) may develop refractory respiratory or cardiac failure that warrants consideration for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. The purposes of this study were to describe the use and outcomes of ECMO in pediatric HLH patients, to identify risk factors for hospital mortality and to compare their ECMO use and outcomes to the ECMO population as a whole. Methods: Pediatric patients (⩽ 18 years) with a diagnosis of HLH in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Registry were included. Results: Between 1983 and 2014, data for 30 children with HLH were available in the ELSO registry and all were included in this study. All cases occurred in the last decade. Of the 30 HLH patients, 24 (80%) had a respiratory indication for ECMO and six (20%) had a cardiac indication (of which 4 were E-CPR and 2 cardiac failure). Of the 24 respiratory ECMO patients, 63% were placed on VA ECMO. Compared with all pediatric patients in the ELSO registry during the study period (n=17,007), HLH patients had worse hospital survival (non-HLH 59% vs HLH 30%, p=0.001). In pediatric HLH patients, no pre-ECMO risk factors for mortality were identified. The development of a hemorrhagic complication on ECMO was associated with decreased mortality (p=0.01). Comparing HLH patients with respiratory failure to patients with other immune compromised conditions, the overall survival rate is similar (HLH 38% vs. non-HLH immune compromised 31%, p=0.64). Conclusions: HLH is an uncommon indication for ECMO and these patients have increased mortality compared to the overall pediatric ECMO population. These data should be factored into decision-making when considering ECMO for pediatric HLH patients.
Renormalizable Abelian-Projected Effective Gauge Theory Derived from Quantum Chromodynamics

We show that an effective Abelian gauge theory can be obtained as a renormalizable theory from QCD in the maximal Abelian gauge. The derivation improves in a systematic manner the previous version that was obtained by one of the authors and was referred to as the Abelian-projected effective gauge theory. This result supports the view that we can construct an effective Abelian gauge theory from QCD without losing characteristic features of the original non-Abelian gauge theory. In fact, it is shown that the effective coupling constant in the resulting renormalizable theory has a renormalization-scale dependence governed by the β-function that is exactly the same as that of the original Yang-Mills theory, irrespective of the choice of gauge fixing parameters of the maximal Abelian gauge and the parameters used for identifying the dual variables. Moreover, we evaluate the anomalous dimensions of the fields and parameters in the resultant theory. By choosing the renormalized parameters appropriately, we can switch the theory into an electric or a magnetic theory.
Reactive Oxygen Species Are Involved in Plant Defense against a Gall Midge[C][W][OA]

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in plant defense against pathogens, but evidence for their role in defense against insects is still preliminary and inconsistent. In this study, we examined the potential role of ROS in defense of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rice (Oryza sativa) against Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) larvae. Rapid and prolonged accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was detected in wheat plants at the attack site during incompatible interactions. Increased accumulation of both H2O2 and superoxide was detected in rice plants during nonhost interactions with the larvae. No increase in accumulation of either H2O2 or superoxide was observed in wheat plants during compatible interactions. A global analysis revealed changes in the abundances of 250 wheat transcripts and 320 rice transcripts encoding proteins potentially involved in ROS homeostasis. A large number of transcripts encoded class III peroxidases that increased in abundance during both incompatible and nonhost interactions, whereas the levels of these transcripts decreased in susceptible wheat during compatible interactions. The higher levels of class III peroxidase transcripts were associated with elevated enzymatic activity of peroxidases at the attack site in plants during incompatible and nonhost interactions. Overall, our data indicate that class III peroxidases may play a role in ROS generation in resistant wheat and nonhost rice plants during response to Hessian fly attacks.
An Expanded Training Set Based Validation Method to Avoid Overfitting for Neural Network Classifier

The overfitting is a problem of fundamental significance with great implications in the applications of neural network. To avoid overfitting, cross-validation has been proposed. However, in many cases the training set is too small so that cross-validation cannot be applied. Aiming at the problem, a new validation method based on expanded training sets is proposed in this paper. Experimental results show that the generalization ability of neural networks can be greatly improved by the proposed validation method.
The expression and perception of emotions: comparing assessments of self versus others

In the study of expressive speech communication, it is commonly accepted that the emotion perceived by the listener is a good approximation of the intended emotion conveyed by the speaker. This paper analyzes the validity of this assumption by comparing the mismatches between the assessments made by naive listeners and by the speakers that generated the data. The analysis is based on the hypothesis that people are better decoders of their own emotions. Therefore, self-assessments will be closer to the intended emotions. Using the IEMOCAP database, discrete (categorical) and continuous (attribute) emotional assessments evaluated by the actors and naive listeners are compared. The results indicate that there is a mismatch between the expression and perception of emotion. The speakers in the database assigned their own emotions to more specific emotional categories, which led to more extreme values in the activation-valence space.
A supervised topic transition model for detecting malicious system call sequences

We propose a probabilistic model for behavior-based malware detection that jointly models sequential data and class labels. Given labeled sequences (harmless/malicious), our goal is to reveal behavior patterns and exploit them to predict class labels of unknown sequences. The proposed model is a novel extension of supervised latent Dirichlet allocation with an estimation algorithm that alternates between Gibbs sampling and gradient descent. Experiments on real-world data set show that our model can learn meaningful patterns, and provides competitive performance on the malware detection task. Moreover, we parallelize the training algorithm and demonstrate scalability with varying numbers of processors.
Friends or Foes: Detecting Dishonest Recommenders in Online Social Networks

Viral marketing is becoming important due to the popularity of online social networks (OSNs) and the fact that many users have integrated OSNs into their daily activities, e.g., they provide recommendations to their friends on the products they purchased, or they make decision based on received recommendations. Nevertheless, this also opens door for "shill attack": dishonest users may give wrong recommendations so as to distort the normal sales distribution. In this paper, we propose a detection mechanism to discover these dishonest users in OSNs. In particular, we present two fully distributed algorithms to detect attackers in both (1) the baseline shill attack and (2) the intelligent shill attack. We quantify the performance of our algorithms by deriving the probability of false positive, probability of false negative and distribution function of time needed to detect these dishonest users. Extensive simulations are carried to illustrate the impact of shill attack and the effectiveness of our detection algorithms. The methodology we present here will enhance the security level of viral marketing in OSNs.
SYNTHETIC MODELING OF CULTURAL LANGUAGE EVOLUTION

Recently cultural theories of language evolution have gained significant momentum in explaining natural language. This paper reviews agent-based modeling, one of the key methodologies which is in part responsible for these developments. We discuss the most important challenges for a theory of cultural language evolution and the resulting dominant experimental paradigm. The discussion is framed along examples of experiments conducted within the methodology. We focus, in particular, on spatial language as an example of a complex and cognitively central domain treated in a series of robotic experiments.
Balancing the Load of Multiprocessors by Effective Distribution and Parallelization

Due to massive growth of the data in organizations, large scale data processing could be the center of attention of information technology. To deal with this advancement in data collection and storage methodologies, designing and implementing large-scale parallel algorithm for data mining is gaining more interest. However distribution and parallelization of process is important for effective data mining and is still facing many problems of synchronization, communication and workload balancing. The proposed PFMA concentrates only on the workload balancing problem. The strategy is built upon a hierarchical model, where the initial database is shrunk into TID (the one, that contains all the data in the initial database with reference to items), which is the minimized representation of the original database. This generation of TID enhances the data mining process by reducing the total number of scans consumed while identifying frequent item combinations as well as occupying less physical memory. Then TID is passed to all the participating processors which is then stored into its processor's local memory. As a result, the communication time is reduced. The initial Database is split based on the number of participating processors. Association Rule Mining algorithm (APRIORI) is executed in parallel by implementing it in all the participating processors for effective data mining and knowledge extraction.
Degree and Sensitivity: tails of two distributions

The sensitivity of a Boolean function f is the maximum, over all inputs x, of the number of sensitive coordinates of x (namely the number of Hamming neighbors of x with different f-value). The well-known sensitivity conjecture of Nisan (see also Nisan and Szegedy) states that every sensitivity-s Boolean function can be computed by a polynomial over the reals of degree poly(s). The best known upper bounds on degree, however, are exponential rather than polynomial in s. Our main result is an approximate version of the conjecture: every Boolean function with sensitivity s can be e-approximated (in e2) by a polynomial whose degree is s · polylog(1/e). This is the first improvement on the folklore bound of s/e. We prove this via a new "switching lemma for low-sensitivity functions" which establishes that a random restriction of a low-sensitivity function is very likely to have low decision tree depth. This is analogous to the well-known switching lemma for AC0 circuits. Our proof analyzes the combinatorial structure of the graph Gf of sensitive edges of a Boolean function f. Understanding the structure of this graph is of independent interest as a means of understanding Boolean functions. We propose several new complexity measures for Boolean functions based on this graph, including tree sensitivity and component dimension, which may be viewed as relaxations of worst-case sensitivity, and we introduce some new techniques, such as proper walks and shifting, to analyze these measures. We use these notions to show that the graph of a function of full degree must be sufficiently complex, and that random restrictions of low-sensitivity functions are unlikely to lead to such complex graphs. We postulate a robust analogue of the sensitivity conjecture: if most inputs to a Boolean function f have low sensitivity, then most of the Fourier mass of f is concentrated on small subsets. We prove a lower bound on tree sensitivity in terms of decision tree depth, and show that a polynomial strengthening of this lower bound implies the robust conjecture. We feel that studying the graph Gf is interesting in its own right, and we hope that some of the notions and techniques we introduce in this work will be of use in its further study.
Dynamical Dimension Change in Supercritical String Theory

We study tree-level solutions to heterotic string theory in which the number of spacetime dimensions 10+n changes dynamically due to closed string tachyon condensation. Taking the large-n limit, we compute the amount by which the dilaton gradient changes during the condensation process. At leading order in n we find that the change in the invariant magnitude of the dilaton gradient compensates the change in spacelike central charge on the worldsheet, so that the total worldsheet central charges are equal at early and late times. This result supports our interpretation of the worldsheet theory as a CFT of critical central charge which describes a dynamical reduction in the total number of spacetime dimensions.