Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beaver Pond Geomorphology Influences Pond Nitrogen Retention and Denitrification

Beaver ponds are increasingly promoted as a strategy for physical stream restoration, and more recently recognized as natural solutions for excess nonpoint source pollutants, such as nitrogen (N). Beaver ponds facilitate N transformations on the streamscape by increasing sediment‐water interactions and creating low and high redox conditions in close proximity. Because beaver ponds vary widely in their geomorphology, the spatial extent of morphological units should dictate the degree of biogeochemical processing. We explore the role of beaver pond geomorphic units in facilitating sediment N transformations using a sediment mass balance approach. We quantified input, output, and transformation of N species within the sediments and water of the riffle, backwater, and margin geomorphic units of a beaver pond in Northern Utah. Our interpretations were supplemented using sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and sediment C and N stable isotopes. The backwater performed most of the biogeochemical work, including increased sedimentation (2.1 g N m−2d−1), ammonification (1.3 g N m−2d−1), nitrification (0.07 g N m−2d−1), and denitrification (0.1 g N2 m−2 d−1), the latter facilitated by high sediment OM (14%) and SOD (−0.95 ± 0.2 g O2 m−2 d−1). Backwater sediment isotopes, supported by N flux measurements, indicated increased benthic microbial activity and denitrification. The margin and backwater surface sediments had low C:N ratios, indicating sediment input from autochthonous production. These findings suggest the representation of geomorphic units in a beaver pond may predict whether the pond can facilitate N removal through sediment sequestration and denitrification.
List Encoding of Vector Perturbation Precoding

In this letter, we propose a new nonlinear precoding algorithm named List encoding of Vector Perturbation precoding (LVP) for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system. Different from the traditional VP based on sphere search strategy to minimize the Frobeniuas norm of the precoded signal with a exponential search complexity, LVP adopts multiple encoders design, a list of encoder perform only one dimensional integer optimization through several iterations in parallel. During each iteration each encoder searches through several perturbation results and retain one of them to the next iteration. When the iterations ends, the historical optimal perturbation result with the least Frobenius norm is output as the precoding result. The search complexity of LVP is <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(M)$</tex-math></inline-formula> which increases linearly with the antenna number <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$</tex-math></inline-formula>. This complexity is much smaller than sphere search based strategy. Compared with other low dimensional search algorithm represented by D2VP, the search complexity drops from <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(M^{2})$</tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(M)$</tex-math></inline-formula>, with a significant BER gain thanks to the multiple encoder design. To the best of our knowledge, with similar BER performance the LVP algorithm has the lowest complexity.
Comparison of the Count Regression Models in Evaluation of the Effectsof Hazelnut Harvest Season Variations on Pulmonary Aspergillus

Pulmonary aspergillosis has recently emerged as a worldwide health care problem especially in patients with underlying lung disease. The objective of this study was to compare the Poisson and COM-Poisson regression models and to find the best fitted model for determining the effect of hazelnut harvest season on pulmoner aspergillosis. The data obtained from the state hospital of our cityin the time period of two years, from September, 2012 to August, 2014. A retrospective study was conducted. Respiratory specimens which showed repeated isolation of Aspergillus were included in the study however only one of the samples was analysed. Cases were classified according to revised definitions given by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Mycosis Study Consensus Group (EORT/MSG). Culture positive 36 patients were detected from 3457 patients. Poisson and Conway-Maxwell- Poisson (COM-Poisson) regression models were compared to determine the best fitted model for identifying the number of new pulmonary aspergillosis cases in hazelnut harvest season. To describe the best fitted model of count data, dispersion, deviance and Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) test statistics were used. Based on statistical test for dispersion, the under-dispersion was found non-significant. This results clearly indicate that Poisson regression model is more approtiate for pulmonary aspergillosis data when compared to COM-Poisson regression model. Deviance and AIC values also confirm this result. Poisson regression model and COM- Poisson regression model were compared with statistical tests. According to statistical tests Poisson regression model was found to be the best fit model for pulmonary aspergillosis data.
Combination of Bandage Contact Lens and Autologous Serum Eye Drop for the Treatment of Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis

Purpose To report clinical improvement after combined treatment of bandage contact lens and autologous serum eye drop in a patient with superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK) complicated with dry eye disease (DED) and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Patients and Methods Case report. Results A 60-year-old woman was referred for unilateral chronic recurrent redness of the left eye not responding to topical steroids and cyclosporine 0.1% eye drop. She was diagnosed with SLK, which was complicated by the presence of DED and MGD. The patient was then commenced with autologous serum eye drop and fitted with silicone hydrogel contact lens in her left eye, and treated with intense pulsed light therapy for MGD in both eyes. Remission was seen Information Classification: General serum eye drop and bandage contact lens wear. Conclusion Long-term application of autologous serum eye drop combined with bandage contact lens can be used as an alternative treatment approach in SLK.
A Supersonic Jet Spectrometer for Terahertz Applications (SuJeSTA)

The purpose of this work is to perform high resolution spectroscopic measurements in the terahertz region aiming at molecular parameters, derived from quantum mechanical analysis of the spectra. These parameters are the basic requirement for accurate frequency predictions and for the astronomical detections of undiscovered species. Two di erent spectrometers have been used for the spectral analysis in this work:  The newly designed Supersonic Jet Spectrometer for Terahertz Applications (SuJeSTA) for the investigation of cold radicals and ions  The Cologne Terahertz Spectrometer The pure rotational spectra of ve isotopomers of potassium chloride, i.e. 39K35Cl, 39K37Cl, 41K35Cl, 41K37Cl, and 40K35Cl have been recorded with the well established Cologne Terahertz Spectrometer (see e.g. [1], [2]). A special evaporation cell has been used to evaporate solid KCl. Within the scope of this thesis, a total of 295 new rotational lines have been measured in the frequency region between 170 and 930 GHz. For the isotopomers 39K35Cl and 39K37Cl 107 and 82, respectively, rotational transitions have been assigned to transitions belonging to vibrational levels up to the seventh excited state (v≤ 7) and to rotational quantum numbers as high as 127 and 129, respectively. 104 lines were measured for the less abundant isotopomers of 41K35Cl and 41K37Cl with J ≤ 128, v ≤ 6 and J ≤ 131, v ≤ 5, respectively. Two lines have been assigned to 40K35Cl, which has a natural abundance of 0.01% relative to 39K35Cl. The measured lines have been tted together with previously published millimeter wave transitions to obtain an improved set of molecular parameters for these isotopomers [3]. Besides this analysis, the isotopically invariant Dunham parameters Ui j and the Born-Oppenheimer corrections ∆01 have been determined. The re ned and extended parameter set allows precise predictions in the terahertz region. Structural parameters, such as the bond length and the moment of inertia, have been derived from the spectroscopic parameters. A main task of this work was the construction and assembly of the new Cologne Supersonic Jet Spectrometer for Terahertz Applications (SuJeSTA).
Occurrence and biocontrol potential of parasitoids on lychee cecid pest, Litchiomyia chinensis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

ABSTRACT Lychee is an economically important fruit tree in sub-tropical area. The lychee pest, Litchiomyia chinensis Yang and Luo, induces blister-galls on the leaves of lychee crop and causes yield losses. Although chemical control may effectively suppress the pest population, insecticide resistance and environmental impact should be considered. It is preferable to develop more eco-friendly tactics using Integrated Pest Management (IPM) on lychee gall midges. The distribution and occurrence of parasitic wasps on L. chinensis in Taiwan were investigated to understand their biocontrol potential. As a result, 11 parasitoids were found, and five species of them were confirmed as parasitic natural enemy of the pest cecid: Aprostocetus sp. , Bracon sp. , Derostenus sp. , and two known Quadrastichus spp. Host and biology of the remaining six parasitoids (Aphanogmus sp., Cirrospilus sp., two Eupelmus spp., Gonatocerus sp. and Quadrastichus sp.) are uncertain, although they were also found inside gall. Besides, Q. johnlasallei is considered as the best biocontrol agent as it displays the highest parasitism in all five sampling localities and commonly found in the other five randomly collected localities of Taiwan. Noncorrelation between parasitism of Q. johnlasallei and two abiotic factors (temperature and rainfall) suggested its high adaptability in various environment. Fundamental biological and distribution information of five parasitic natural enemies of L. chinensis reported herein will be helpful for further developing its biocontrol programme.
Effect of lupin flake supplementation on rumen fermentation and meat composition of Hanwoo steers

Lupin is considered a potentially rich source of energy and protein for various livestock breeds. However, there are no studies on rumen fermentation and meat composition of Hanwoo (Korean native) steers following supplementation with lupin flakes. In vitro and in situ experiments of lupin flake-supplemented feed were conducted using three Hanwoo cows with rumen fistulae for four weeks. The feeding experiment was conducted using 40 early-fattening Hanwoo steers randomly divided into four groups for 14 months from 16 to 30 months of age, viz., T1, T2, T3, and T4, with feed containing 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% lupin flakes, respectively. The pH of the ruminal fluid in vitro at 24 and 48 h was higher in T3 and T4 than T1. The rumen levels of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total volatile fatty acids after 48 h of incubation were lower in the lupin-supplemented groups than in T1. The ruminal pH in situ after 9 and 12 h was higher in T3 than in T1. The strip loin in Hanwoo steers was lighter in T3 than in the other treatment groups. The levels of carnosine, creatinine, adenosine triphosphate, and adenosine monophosphate in the strip loin were higher in T3 and T4 than in T1. The levels of oleic acid and unsaturated fatty acids and the n-6/n-3 ratio tended to be higher in T3 than in T1. Supplementation of livestock feed with 6% lupin flakes had positive effects on ruminal pH and meat lightness, carnosine, creatinine, adenosine triphosphate, and adenosine monophosphate levels in Hanwoo beef.
Designing and testing the neutron source deployment system and calibration plan for a dark matter detector

In this thesis, we designed and tested a calibration and deployment system for the MiniCLEAN dark matter detector. The deployment system uses a computer controlled winch to lower a canister containing a neutron source into the detector where the neutron source pulses to produce calibration data. The winch then pulls the neutron source back out of the detector. We found that the deployment system position is precise to under 0.05 cm, one tenth of the minimum required precision. We designed a canister that will hold the neutron source during the calibration process. The canister will contain a dielectric gel to thermally and electrically insulate the high voltage electronics and the neutron source from the rest of the detector. We calculated the equilibrium temperature change of the calibration neutron source when it is turned on and found that the temperature increases by 92.6+isi K, corresponding to a rise in the dielectric gel height of 1.501i. 9 cm. This temperature change is within the service temperature range of the dielectric gel; however, a more thermally conductive gel could still be used to reduce the temperature increase. We simulate the background external neutrons in MiniCLEAN and find that the addition of an air-filled calibration tube to the basic MiniCLEAN design has little effect on the external neutron background rate. Lastly, we simulate the calibration process in order to determine how long we must calibrate MiniCLEAN in order to obtain the desired 5% statistical precision on measurements of the calibration neutron-induced recoil spectrum. We found that a minimum of 2.48x 106 neutrons are needed to measure the total counts in the region of interest in energy to 5% (corresponding to a pulse mode calibration time of 124 seconds assuming that neutrons are produced at a rate of 105 per second), and 2.02x 107 neutrons are needed to achieve 5% measurements of the energy spectrum with 2 KeVee binning in the region of interest (corresponding to a time of 1005 seconds). Thesis Supervisor: Jocelyn Monroe Title: Assistant Professor
Modulation to compressible homogenous turbulence by heavy point particles. I. Effect of particles’ density

In this paper, two-way interactions between heavy point particles and forced compressible homogenous turbulence are simulated by using a localized artificial diffusivity scheme and a Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. The initial turbulent Mach number is around 1.0 and the Taylor Reynolds number is around 110. Seven different simulations of 106 particles with different particle densities (or initial Stokes numbers) are considered. The statistics of the compressible turbulence, such as the turbulence Mach number, kinetic energy, dilatation, and the kinetic energy spectra, from different simulations are compared with each other and with the one-way undisturbed case. Our results show that the turbulence is suppressed if the two-way coupling backward interactions are considered, and the suppression is more obvious if the density of particles is higher. The kinetic energy spectrum at larger initial Stokes number (higher density) exhibits a reduction at low wave numbers and an augmentation at high wave numbers, whic.
Wideband Multiple Bessel Beams With Desired Directions and Energy Distribution Proportion Based on Time Reversal and Genetic Algorithm in Microwave

In this article, a simple synthesis technique for the versatile and flexible generation of multiple Bessel beams with desired directions and energy distribution proportion based on time reversal (TR) and genetic algorithm (GA) is provided. For example, three transmission metasurfaces (TMSs) are designed based on the proposed technique: 1) single Bessel beam along <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$z$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-axis direction; 2) dual Bessel beams with equal energy distribution proportion for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(\theta =30^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varphi =45^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(\theta =-30^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varphi =45^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>); and 3) dual Bessel beam with desired energy distribution proportion (1:0.8) for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(\theta =30^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varphi =45^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(\theta =-30^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varphi =45^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The TMSs with size <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8.21\lambda _{0}\times 8.21 \lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are formed by units with a three-metal layer, which can provide high transmission amplitude (>0.9) and 360° phase shift in a wide frequency band from 10 to 18 GHz. For validating the design technique, TMS <xref rid="deqn3" ref-type="disp-formula">(3)</xref> is fabricated and measured, and the simulated and measured results agree well. There are three innovations in this article: 1) flexible design technique based on TR and GA; 2) high-efficiency TMSs. The maximum Bessel beam conversion efficiency is 37%; and 3) wideband is 57.1%. The developed design technique can be used in designing high-efficiency TMSs in near-field application scenarios such as dense channel communication, high-resolution microwave imaging, near-field detection, efficient wireless energy transmission, medical hyperthermia, etc.
A Double Fourier-Transform Imaging Algorithm for a 24 GHz FMCW Short-Range Radar

A frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar for short-range target imaging, assembling a transceiver, a PLL, an SP4T switch, and a serial patch antenna array, was realized. A new algorithm based on a double Fourier transform (2D-FT) was developed and compared with the delay and sum (DAS) and multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithms proposed in the literature for target detection. The three reconstruction algorithms were applied to simulated canonical cases evidencing radar resolutions close to the theoretical ones. The proposed 2D-FT algorithm exhibits an angle of view greater than 25° and is five times faster than DAS and 20 times faster than the MUSIC one. The realized radar shows a range resolution of 55 cm and an angular resolution of 14° and is able to correctly identify the positions of single and multiple targets in realistic scenarios, with errors lower than 20 cm.
Orthogonal Reconstruction of 3D Model Based on V-System over Triangular Domain

This paper presents a novel method for representing the 3D model.A new complete orthogonal function system over nested triangulated domains,called V-system,is applied to decompose 3D model to spectrums.Due to some special properties of the V-system those separate 3D models could be represented untidily.The orthogonal expressions of the 3D models make it be possible that to study 3D models by spectrum analysis.
Estimation et fluctuations de fonctionnelles de grandes matrices aléatoires

L’objectif principal de la these est : l’etude des fluctuations de fonctionnelles du spectre de grandes matrices aleatoires, la construction d’estimateurs consistants et l’etude de leurs performances, dans la situation ou la dimension des observations est du meme ordre que le nombre des observations disponibles. Il y aura deux grandes parties dans cette these. La premiere concerne la contribution methodologique. Nous ferons l’etude des fluctuations pour les statistiques lineaires des valeurs propres du modele ’information-plus-bruit’ pour des fonctionnelles analytiques, et etendrons ces resultats au cas des fonctionnelles non analytiques. Le procede d’extension est fonde sur des methodes d’interpolation avec des quantites gaussiennes. Ce procede est applique aux grandes matrices de covariance empirique. L’autre grande partie sera consacree a l’estimation des valeurs propres de la vraie covariance a partir d’une matrice de covariance empirique en grande dimension et l’etude de son comportement. Nous proposons un nouvel estimateur consistant et etudions ces fluctuations. En communications sans fil, cette procedure permet a un reseau secondaire d’etablir la presence de ressources spectrales disponibles.
A Trade-Off between Complexity and Interaction Quality for Upper Limb Exoskeleton Interfaces

Exoskeletons are among the most promising devices dedicated to assisting human movement during reeducation protocols and preventing musculoskeletal disorders at work. However, their potential is currently limited, partially because of a fundamental contradiction impacting their design. Indeed, increasing the interaction quality often requires the inclusion of passive degrees of freedom in the design of human-exoskeleton interfaces, which increases the exoskeleton’s inertia and complexity. Thus, its control also becomes more complex, and unwanted interaction efforts can become important. In the present paper, we investigate the influence of two passive rotations in the forearm interface on sagittal plane reaching movements while keeping the arm interface unchanged (i.e., without passive degrees of freedom). Such a proposal represents a possible compromise between conflicting design constraints. The in-depth investigations carried out here in terms of interaction efforts, kinematics, electromyographic signals, and subjective feedback of participants all underscored the benefits of such a design. Therefore, the proposed compromise appears to be suitable for rehabilitation sessions, specific tasks at work, and future investigations into human movement using exoskeletons.
Deep roots of admixture-related cognitive differences in the USA

This study attempted to determine if the association between genetic admixture and cognitive ability among African, European, and Amerindian descent groups in the USA holds across a large time period. First, we used the large and nationally representative Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD) sample to examine the association between cognitive ability and parental-reported race, genetically-predicted color, and genetic ancestry among Puerto Ricans, non-Hispanic Whites, Blacks, and American Indians in the 21st century. Second, we use the 1850 to 1930 US censuses to trace ancestry-associated cognitive differences back to the early 19th and early 20th century among African American, American Indian, and Puerto Rican groups by using age-heaping-based numeracy as a proxy for cognitive ability. In the ABCD sample, we found that European ancestry is positively associated with cognitive ability within race/ethnic groups. In the census data, among African Americans and American Indians but not Puerto Ricans, we find that greater apparent European admixture is associated with higher numeracy, and this holds when we subset by age, sex, and literacy status. Therefore, we established that admixture is associated with cognitive ability in the 21st century as it was in the 19th and early 20th century. The implications of these findings are discussed.