Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Free energy of a magnetic

The Leontovich definition of the free energy of a non-equilibrium system is discussed. In this approach it is assumed that system has a define temperature and is described by some set parameters (these parameters and the temperature are parameters of the reduced description of the system). It is shown that the Leontovich non-equilibrium free energy is obtained from an equilibrium free energy by a Legendre transformation. In the case of a weak non-equilibrium system the free energy is calculated. The obtained result is applied to an isotropic magnetic system non-equilibrium states of which are described by its temperature and magnetic dipole moment. A connection of the result with the Landau theory of the phase transitions of the second kind is discussed.
The Management of Blood Pressure After Stroke

Background:Control of hypertension is a well-established goal of primary prevention of stroke, but management of blood pressure in patients with a previous stroke or in the setting of acute stroke is complicated by the effect blood pressure changes may have on cerebral perfusion. Review Summary:For patients with previous transient ischemic attack or chronic stroke, blood pressure reduction appears to be a safe and important facet of the secondary prevention of recurrent stroke. Less information is available concerning blood pressure management in acute stroke. Current protocols require strict blood pressure control in patients who are treated with thrombolytic therapy, to reduce the risk of hemorrhagic complications. In patients presenting with acute intracerebral hemorrhage, blood pressure reduction does not appear to cause significant reduction of cerebral blood flow, but at this time there are no studies to determine if there is a clinical benefit of acute blood pressure reduction in these patients. Finally, blood pressure reduction is not routinely recommended in patients with acute ischemic stroke, as it may precipitate further cerebral ischemia. Preliminary studies suggest, in fact, that there may be a role in the future for blood pressure elevation in the treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Conclusions:Current data support the use of blood pressure reduction in the secondary prevention of stroke in patients with cerebrovascular disease. In the setting of acute stroke, however, data are limited and blood pressure management must be tailored to the specific clinical situation.
Mass message transmission aware buffer-less packet-circuit switching router for 3D NoC

In the design of 3D Network-on-chip, performance of the router is so important that it directly impacts the capability of 3D NoC. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of packet switching and circuit switching, this paper presents a mass message transmission aware buffer-less router for 3D NoC based on packet-circuit switching, which has the advantage of low buffer consumption and short transmission delay. That makes it suitable for mass message transmission on 3D NoC. We synthesize our mass message transmission aware buffer-less Packet-Circuit Switching Router for 3D NoC with XILINX 12.2. The device type is xc6vlx550t. The router can achieve a max frequency of 353.526 MHz, while the throughput of every channel is 16 Gbps.
Graceful Network State Migrations

A significant fraction of network events (such as topology or route changes) and the resulting performance degradation stem from premeditated network management and operational tasks. This paper introduces a general class of Graceful Network State Migration (GNSM) problems, where the goal is to discover the optimal sequence of operations that progressively transition the network from its initial to a desired final state while minimizing the overall performance disruption. We investigate two specific GNSM problems: 1) Link Weight Reassignment Scheduling (LWRS) studies the optimal ordering of link weight updates to migrate from an existing to a new link weight assignment; and 2) Link Maintenance Scheduling (LMS) looks at how to schedule link deactivations and subsequent reactivations for maintenance purposes. LWRS and LMS are both combinatorial optimization problems. We use dynamic programming to find the optimal solutions when the problem size is small, and leverage ant colony optimization to get near-optimal solutions for large problem sizes. Our simulation study reveals that judiciously ordering network operations can achieve significant performance gains. Our GNSM solution framework is generic and applies to similar problems with different operational contexts, underlying network protocols or mechanisms, and performance metrics.
Estimating 28 GHz LMDS channel dispersion in urban areas using a ray-tracing propagation model

Broadband wireless systems such as LMDS operating in the millimeter wave band offer the potential for a highly flexible, high-speed, two-way information distribution network to serve local and metropolitan areas. To date, relatively little research has been done to characterize such wireless channels in order to determine the degree of sophistication required in the transmission hardware. This paper uses a ray-tracing propagation model to investigate the dispersive nature of the transmission channel in a typical urban environment. The results of this work show that highly directional antennas can effectively reduce channel dispersion so that high-speed digital transmission should be possible without requiring equalizers in the receivers. This research also suggests that intelligent use of stable reflection paths could provide an effective means of providing LMDS service to non line-of-sight locations.
E-Learning Groups and Communities

How can we design networked e-learning courses to ensure students participate in them and engage in quality learning outcomes? What happens in an e-learning course that is designed to foster group work and a sense of 'community'? How can we research e-learning practice in ways that will enhance the processes of learning and teaching? This book outlines approaches to networked e-learning course design that are underpinned by a belief that students learn best in these contexts when they are organised in groups and communities. As such, the book is one of the first to provide a detailed analysis of what goes on in e-learning groups and communities.But how do students react to working in e-learning groups and communities? What determines their willingness to adopt new forms of learning in order to participate in these new courses? What actually happens in an e-learning community, and what impact does this have on students and tutors? This book examines these key questions through a variety of research approaches aimed at exploring the experience of e-learners as they participate in successful e-groups and communities. It also offers ways in which learning outcomes may be achieved in these communities and outlines the specific skills that students would develop through e-learning. "E-learning Groups and Communities" is essential reading for teachers, trainers, managers, researchers and students involved in e-learning courses as well as people interested in improving the quality of the learning experience.
Forced Relocation and Residential Instability among Urban Renters

Residential instability often brings about other forms of instability in families, schools, and communities that compromise the life chances of adults and children. Social scientists have found that low-income families move frequently without fully understanding why. Drawing on novel data of more than 1,000 Milwaukee renters, this article explores the relationship between forced relocation and residential instability. It finds that low incomes are associated with higher rates of mobility due to poorer renters’ greater exposure to forced displacement. Not only do higher rates of formal and informal eviction, landlord foreclosure, and building condemnation directly increase the mobility of poorer renters, but forced displacement also increases subsequent unforced mobility. A forced move often compels renters to accept substandard housing, which drives them to soon move again. This article reveals mechanisms of residential mobility among low-income renters, identifies previously undocumented consequences of forced displacement, and develops a more comprehensive model of residential instability and urban inequality.
The Economics of Labor Adjustment: Mind the Gap

We study inferences about the dynamics of labor adjustment obtained by the "gap methodology" of Caballero and Engel [1993] and Caballero, Engel and Haltiwanger [1997]. In that approach, the policy function for employment growth is assumed to depend on an unobservable gap between the target and current levels of employment. Using time series observations, these studies reject the partial adjustment model and find that aggregate employment dynamics depend on the cross-sectional distribution of employment gaps. Thus, nonlinear adjustment at the plant level appears to have aggregate implications. We argue that this conclusion is not justified: these findings of nonlinearities in time series data may reflect mismeasurement of the gaps rather than the aggregation of plant-level nonlinearities.
Generating feature sets for fault diagnosis using denoising stacked auto-encoder

Recent advancements in sensor technologies and data driven model based techniques have made intelligent diagnostic systems prominent in machine maintenance frameworks of industries. The performance of such systems immensely relies upon the quality of features extracted and the classifier model learned. Traditionally features were handcrafted, where engineers would manually design them with statistical parameters and signal transforms based energy distribution analysis. Recently, deep learning techniques have shown new ways of obtaining useful feature representation that provide state of the art results in image and speech processing applications. This paper first presents a brief survey of traditional handcrafted features and later presents a short analysis of handcrafted features v/s features learned by deep neural networks (DNN), for doing fault diagnosis. The DNN based features in this paper were generated in 3 phases: 1) extracted handcrafted features using traditional techniques 2) initialized the weights of DNN by learning de-noising sparse auto-encoders with the handcrafted features in unsupervised fashion and 3) applied two generic fine tuning heuristics that tailor DNN's weights to give good classification performance. The experimentation and analysis were performed on 5 datasets: one each on Air compressor monitoring, Drill bit monitoring and Steel plate monitoring, and two on bearing fault monitoring data. The results clearly show the prospects of DNN obtaining good feature representations and good classification performance. Further, it also finds that Fast Fourier Transform based features with DNN are more suited for Support Vector Machine as classifier than Random Forest.
A New Scheme of Fault Detection for Linear Discrete Time-Varying Systems

In this note, a new scheme of fault detection (FD) is proposed for linear discrete time-varying (LDTV) systems subject to l<sub>2</sub>-norm bounded unknown inputs. The basic idea is to find an optimal estimation of the l<sub>2</sub>-norm of the unknown inputs including the unknown initial state variables. This leads to a natural design of the FD system with the l<sub>2</sub>-norm boundedness of the unknown inputs as a threshold and the l<sub>2</sub>-norm of the unknown input estimate as the evaluation function. To avoid heavy computational burden, projection technique in Krein space is applied which allows a recursive computation of the evaluation function. It is shown that the achieved FD system satisfies both the worst case and best case sensitivity/robustness ratio criteria and further applications to observer-based FD lead to an alternative design of H<sub>∞</sub>/H<sub>∞</sub> and/or H<sub>-</sub>/H<sub>∞</sub> fault detection filter.
Detection of (Reversible) Myocardial Ischemic Injury by Means of Electrical Bioimpedance

The scope of this paper was to determine whether ischemic and reperfusion damage in cardiac surgery can be detected by measurement of electrical bioimpedance (EBI). Conventional pacing wires were replaced by pacing wires with sputtered iridium coating in order to reduce polarization associated with two-electrode impedance measurements. A custom-built bioimpedance analyzer (Osypka Medical GmbH, Berlin, Germany) measured the real part of impedance Re( Z) and the phase (φ) at three frequencies (1, 10, and 1000 kHz) and determined an extracellular space index (EZRI) as the quotient of Re( Z) at 1000 kHz and Re(Z) at 1 kHz. Our study included six patients (conventional coronary artery bypass graft, age 68.1 ± 8.3 years) subject to routine cardioplegic ischemia and reperfusion. Preischemic bioimpedance measurements were not impaired by interference of the beating heart. Intraischemically, bioimpedance at 1 kHz and phase at 10 kHz increased until opening of a bypass graft, which is probably induced by closure of gap junctions and cell swelling processes. After cross clamping, EZRI slowly decreased as an effect of mild cell swelling. After ischemia, values returned almost to baseline measurements, indicating sufficient reperfusion processes. Measurement of EBI correlates with myocardial ischemic injury and is applicable in a two-electrode setup providing low-polarization pacing wires.
EE 229 B-Final Project Capacity-Approaching Low-Density Parity-Check Codes

The class of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes was introduced by Gallager in his thesis in 1961 [2]. Until the invention of turbo codes, they were largely neglected, but received a lot of interest lately, due to the possibility of designing LDPC codes within 0.0045 dB of the Shannon limit. We review in this project techniques used to analyze the performance of LDPC codes under a message-passing decoding algorithm, namely belief propagation (BP) [4][5]. This analysis gives us the tools to design good LDPC codes. We will first take the simpler example of transmission over the class of binary erasure channels (BEC). We will then see how it is possible to extend the results for the BEC to the much more general class of symmetric channels.
The optional routing optimization strategy of Distributed Mobility Management

This paper presents a review for Distributed Mobility Management (DMM). Mobility Management is one of the key technologies in Mobile Network. DMM can solve the problems of traditional Centralized Mobility Management (CMM) such as non-optimal route and single point of failure and attack. There are several DMM approaches in recent researches. Some are based on MIP and some on PMIP. We summarize and present an optional optimization (O2) strategy in this paper.
Compensatory role for Pyk2 during angiogenesis in adult mice lacking endothelial cell FAK

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) plays a critical role during vascular development because knockout of FAK in endothelial cells (ECs) is embryonic lethal. Surprisingly, tamoxifen-inducible conditional knockout of FAK in adult blood vessels (inducible EC–specific FAK knockout [i-EC-FAK-KO]) produces no vascular phenotype, and these animals are capable of developing a robust growth factor–induced angiogenic response. Although angiogenesis in wild-type mice is suppressed by pharmacological inhibition of FAK, i-EC-FAK-KO mice are refractory to this treatment, which suggests that adult i-EC-FAK-KO mice develop a compensatory mechanism to bypass the requirement for FAK. Indeed, expression of the FAK-related proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) is elevated and phosphorylated in i-EC-FAK-KO blood vessels. In cultured ECs, FAK knockdown leads to increased Pyk2 expression and, surprisingly, FAK kinase inhibition leads to increased Pyk2 phosphorylation. Pyk2 can functionally compensate for the loss of FAK because knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of Pyk2 disrupts angiogenesis in i-EC-FAK-KO mice. These studies reveal the adaptive capacity of ECs to switch to Pyk2-dependent signaling after deletion or kinase inhibition of FAK.
IMPLEMENTATION OF EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING METHODS ON ENVIRONMENTAL LESSON FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Research Action is conducted by 2 cycles with stages. Those steps are plan, execution and observation, evaluation and reflection. The focus of the research is the application of methods of experiential learning in science lessons with environmental themes in SD. Application of this method using the starting stages of student conduct, reflect, think conceptually, and then do back in the new situation. Data analysis was supported by the results of the questionnaire, where students are very happy, motivated and actively participating in learning more, consequently increasing student learning outcomes. Questionnaire results are in line with observations and test results. Based on the results of this study suggested the teachers to be able to use the method of experiential learning in the learning activities. Keywords: experiential learning, method, environmental, environmental education
The Psychology of Awakening: Buddhism, Science and our Day-to-day Lives

The Buddhist view of the mind - how it works, how it goes wrong, how to put it right - is increasingly being recognised as profound and highly practical by scientists, counsellors and other professionals. In The Psychology of Awakening, this powerful vision of human nature, and its implications for personal and social life, are for the first time brought to a wider audience by some of those most influential in exploring its potential for the way we live today. These include: David Brazier Jon Kabat Zinn Francisco Varela Joy Manne Geshe Thubten Jinpa Mark Epstein Gay Watson Maura Sills Guy Claxton Stephen Batchelor Deeply relevant, accessible and authoritative, The Psychology of Awakening will be of interest to all those who wish to understand the workings of their minds a little better and who are also seeking new ways of mastering the challenges - personal, professional and cultural with which modern life confronts us all.
Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication PrinciplesJitter analysis of a mixed PLL-DLL architecture

This paper presents the jitter analysis of a mixed mode phase locked loop (PLL) - delay locked loop (DLL) architecture. According to the jitter type, this model can be used as pure PLL or pure DLL or a mixed PLL-DLL. It is observed that mixed mode PLL-DLL architecture can combine the advantage from both PLL and DLL to reduce jitter.
The relationship between make-believe play and the development of abilities to acquisition of theory of mind

This article examines the relationship between some basic operations of the development of a theory of mind, as an interactional tool, and abilities that base the make-believe play. Theory of mind is understood as a conjunct of abilities that equips a child to comprehend, make references, and also consider own and other’s mental states, differentiating them and socially operating through this comprehension. Make-believe play is understood, in this study, as a setting of playful action in which a child operates in an imaginary dominion, that it is neither limited to the concrete reality nor equivalent to it. Based in some assumptions, previously approached by many authors, about the relationship between the development of sociocognitive abilities and the acquisition a theory of mind, the observation and analysis of a communicative interaction between a 3.9-yearold child and his mother is discussed. Through some evidences, it is demonstrated that make-believe games constitute a setting that promotes flexibility of thinking and the appearance of some abilities meanly important to the development of a theory of mind.
Exploratory Search and Interactive Data Analytics

In recent years there has been a growing interest in developing new methods and systems that allow users to interactively explore large volumes of data, such as document collections, multimedia collections or biomedical datasets. There are various approaches to support users in this interactive environment ranging from the development of new algorithms through visualisation methods to specialised interfaces. The overarching goal of this workshop is to bring together a group of researchers spanning across multiple facets of exploratory search and data analytics to discuss, and outline research challenges for this novel area.
TclBLASR: an automatic speech recognition extension for tcl

We present TclBLASR, a framework to integrate a proprietary speech recognition engine, an open source script language, such as Tcl/Tk and an open source sound analysis toolkit, such as Snack from KTH, into a user friendly platform that a user can write a Tcl/Tk script application quickly for speech recognition evaluation, speech data collection and automatic annotation, and speech technology demonstration. This framework is extremely useful for third party customer evaluation of speech technologies that do not involve heavy C/C++ program development and extensive knowledge on low-level speech engine APIs. Using the Bell Labs Automatic Speech Recognition (BLASR) engine, coupled with the realtime audio I/O and visualization provided by Snack and the flexible graphical user interface tools embedded in Tcl/Tk, the TclBLASR platform proves to be a useful framework for quick packaging of ASR engines for customer evaluation of the technology without extensive customization of interf aces to meet different needs from a wide range of customers.
Oligodendroglial Signal Transduction Systems Are Developmentally Regulated

Abstract: Studies from several laboratories indicate that oligodendroglia exhibit signal transduction systems that can be activated by classical neurotransmitters. Previous studies from this laboratory indicate that oligodendroglia express neuroligand receptors linked to the regulation of Ca2+i. Experiments presented in this article were designed to determine if developmental processes that influence the ability of oligodendroglia to respond to neuroligands with an increase in Ca2+i proceed either in vitro or in vivo. Findings support the view that developmental processes markedly affected the sensitivity of these cells to both purinergic and cholinergic receptor agonists, whereas their responsiveness to either histamine or bradykinin appeared relatively stable over time. Approximately 90 and 75% of oligodendroglia responded to ATP or carbachol, respectively, after 4 days in vitro, whereas <10% of these cells responded to either of these neuroligands after 8 days in vitro. The decrease in the percentage of oligodendroglia responding to ATP, but not carbachol, could be prevented by including dibutyryl cyclic AMP in the culture medium during the final 4 days in vitro. However, once the loss in responsiveness to ATP had occurred, it could not be reversed by exposure to dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Developmental changes in the ATP sensitivity of oligodendroglia occurred in cells expressing galactocerebroside and myelin basic protein. The neuroligand sensitivity of oligodendroglia isolated from either neonatal, 2‐, 3‐, or 5‐week‐old spinal cord was examined to determine if developmental changes in oligodendroglial Ca2+ regulation occurred in vivo. The results of these experiments indicate that the percentage of oligodendroglia responding to either ATP or carbachol markedly decreased as a function of the age of the animal used to prepare the cultures; this was not the case for the stimulation of Ca2+i by histamine. The decreased sensitivity of oligodendroglia isolated from older animals could not be reversed through the addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Overall, the results of these experiments indicate that developmental processes selectively influence the sensitivity of oligodendroglia to specific neuroligands and suggest that oligodendroglial processes unrelated to myelin formation may be regulated by neuroligands in vivo.