Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Adverse Drug Reactions on Treatment Success: Prospective Cohort Analysis of HIV-Infected Individuals Initiating First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in India

Introduction Adverse drug reactions related to antiretroviral therapy (ART) remain a challenge in resource-limited settings, often causing significant morbidity and impaired adherence leading to treatment failure. This 2-year prospective study aimed to describe patterns and predictors of adverse reactions to first-line ART and assess the impact of these events on treatment success. Methods Between 2010–2013, 321 ART-naïve eligible adults were enrolled at two clinics in southern India. ART regimens included zidovudine or stavudine plus lamivudine, plus nevirapine or efavirenz. Pill count adherence, immunological and virological monitoring, and laboratory-based adverse drug reactions were measured prospectively and analyzed. Results Among 321 patients in the study, 289 (90.0%) patients experienced at least 1 adverse reaction, and 85 (26.5%) experienced at least 1 severe reaction. The incidence rate was 52 and 15 per 100 person-years for all reactions and severe reactions respectively. The cumulative incidence of zidovudine-induced anemia was 37.1% over 2 years. At 12 and 24 months, the proportion of patients with optimal adherence, undetectable viral load and CD4 counts >350 cells/mm3 were similar between patients who experienced or did not experience severe adverse drug reactions. Conclusions Our results highlight the high frequency of ART-related adverse drug reactions among individuals initiating first-line ART in India, underscoring the importance of detailed counseling and monitoring for maintaining ART durability. Severe drug-induced anemia needs to be addressed urgently with alternative first-line agents, and close laboratory surveillance. High treatment efficacy despite decreased drug safety seen here may be because patients have limited treatment options. Our results support the use of currently recommended safer first-line ART regimens that minimize the risk of severe life-threatening toxicities and provide for a better quality of life. Trial registration ISRTCN Registry: ISRCTN79261738.
Satisfação e engajamento no trabalho: docentes temáticos e auxiliares da EAD de universidade privada brasileira Satisfaction and engagement at work: thematic and assistant teachers for ODL Brazilian private university

Satisfaction and engagement are phenomena in the workplace used as indicators of environmental health and as antecedents of organizational and professional performance. The aim of this study was to test four hypotheses about relationships and differences between mean scores of satisfaction and engagement in the work of thematic and assistant teachers at Open and Distance Learning (ODL) of Brazilian private universities. We used a self-applied questionnaire with 27 items regarding the scales of satisfaction and engagement at work, answered electronically. The results indicate that the four hypotheses proved not to be fully supported. There is no difference between the mean scores of
Optimal synthesis of multiple output Boolean functions using a set of quantum gates by symbolic reachability analysis

This paper proposes an approach to optimally synthesize quantum circuits by symbolic reachability analysis, where the primary inputs and outputs are basis binary and the internal signals can be nonbinary in a multiple-valued domain. The authors present an optimal synthesis method to minimize quantum cost and some speedup methods with nonoptimal quantum cost. The methods here are applicable to small reversible functions. Unlike previous works that use permutative reversible gates, a lower level library that includes nonpermutative quantum gates is used here. The proposed approach obtains the minimum cost quantum circuits for Miller gate, half adder, and full adder, which are better than previous results. This cost is minimum for any circuit using the set of quantum gates in this paper, where the control qubit of 2-qubit gates is always basis binary. In addition, the minimum quantum cost in the same manner for Fredkin, Peres, and Toffoli gates is proven. The method can also find the best conversion from an irreversible function to a reversible circuit as a byproduct of the generality of its formulation, thus synthesizing in principle arbitrary multi-output Boolean functions with quantum gate library. This paper constitutes the first successful experience of applying formal methods and satisfiability to quantum logic synthesis
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases covalently modify strand break termini in DNA fragments in vitro

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs/ARTDs) use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to catalyse the synthesis of a long branched poly(ADP-ribose) polymer (PAR) attached to the acceptor amino acid residues of nuclear proteins. PARPs act on single- and double-stranded DNA breaks by recruiting DNA repair factors. Here, in in vitro biochemical experiments, we found that the mammalian PARP1 and PARP2 proteins can directly ADP-ribosylate the termini of DNA oligonucleotides. PARP1 preferentially catalysed covalent attachment of ADP-ribose units to the ends of recessed DNA duplexes containing 3′-cordycepin, 5′- and 3′-phosphate and also to 5′-phosphate of a single-stranded oligonucleotide. PARP2 preferentially ADP-ribosylated the nicked/gapped DNA duplexes containing 5′-phosphate at the double-stranded termini. PAR glycohydrolase (PARG) restored native DNA structure by hydrolysing PAR-DNA adducts generated by PARP1 and PARP2. Biochemical and mass spectrometry analyses of the adducts suggested that PARPs utilise DNA termini as an alternative to 2′-hydroxyl of ADP-ribose and protein acceptor residues to catalyse PAR chain initiation either via the 2′,1″-O-glycosidic ribose-ribose bond or via phosphodiester bond formation between C1′ of ADP-ribose and the phosphate of a terminal deoxyribonucleotide. This new type of post-replicative modification of DNA provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying biological phenomena of ADP-ribosylation mediated by PARPs.
Hierarchical on-line boosting based background subtraction

This paper presents a real-time background subtraction method which handles illumination changes and dynamic backgrounds such as flapping flags and waving trees. Previous approaches based on Gaussian mixture models usually generates models pixelwise, which makes it difficult to operate in realtime due to computational complexity. Moreover, pixelwise models tend to fail in sudden illumination changes or in dynamic backgrounds. In order to solve this problem, we propose an on-line boosting based background subtraction algorithm. Our approach divides the background area into overlapping patches instead of pixels, and learn classifiers with those patches. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a novel training process for classifiers which use block based Opponent Color Local Binary Pattern (OCLBP). Experimental results show that in environments containing illumination changes and/or dynamic backgrounds, our on-line boosting method using block based OCLBP outperforms previous on-line boosting methods or Gaussian mixture model based methods for robust background subtraction.
High energy radiation from Centaurus A

We calculate, for the nearest active galactic nucleus (AGN), Centaurus A (Cen A), the flux of high-energy cosmic rays (CR) and of accompanying secondary photons and neutrinos expected from hadronic interactions in the source. We use as the two basic models for the generation of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECR) shock acceleration in the radio jet and acceleration in the regular electromagnetic field close to the core of the AGN. While scattering on photons dominates in scenarios with acceleration close to the core, scattering on gas becomes more important if acceleration takes place along the jet. Normalizing the UHECR flux from Cen A to the observations of the Auger experiment, the neutrino flux may be marginally observable in a 1 km3 neutrino telescope, if a steep UHECR flux dN/dE∝E-α with α=2.7 extends down to 1017 eV. The associated photon flux is close to or exceeds the observational data of atmospheric Cherenkov and γ-ray telescopes for α≳2. In particular, we find that already the present data favour either a softer UHECR injection spectrum than α=2.7 for Cen A or a lower UHECR flux than expected from the normalization to the Auger observations.
Uncovering a Gatekeeper: Why the SEC Should Mandate Disclosure of Details Concerning Directors’ and Officers’ Liability Insurance Policies

This Essay explores the connection between corporate governance and D&O insurance. It argues that D&O insurers act as gatekeepers and guarantors of corporate governance, screening and pricing corporate governance risks to maintain the profitability of their risk pools. As a result, D&O insurance premiums provide the insurer's assessment of a firm's governance quality. Most basically, firms with good corporate governance pay relatively low D&O premiums while firms with worse corporate governance pay more. This simple relationship could signal important information to investors and other capital market participants. Unfortunately, the signal is not being sent. Corporations lack the incentive to produce this disclosure themselves, and U.S. securities regulators do not require registrants to provide this information. This Essay therefore advocates a change to U.S. securities regulation, making disclosure of D&O policy details - specifically premiums, limits and retentions under each type of coverage, as well as the identity of the insurer - mandatory.
Life Events,Coping Style and Anxiety,Dpression of Middle and Elementory School Teachers

Objective:To study the relationship between life events,coping style and anxity and depression of middle and elementory school teachers.Methods:518 middle and elementory school teachers were tested with Life Events Scale(LES),Coping Style Questionnaire,SAS and CES-D.Results:The rate of depression was 15.38%,and the rate of anxiety was 5.19%. Life events and coping style were correleted with CES-D and SAS.Conclusion:Middle and elementory school teachers have many anxiety and depression symptoms.Anxiety and depression symptoms of middle and elementory school teachers were correlated with life events and coping styles.
Unsupervised SPITters Detection Scheme for Unbalanced Callers

As the IP-based telephony service is getting popular, new attackers called SPITters (Spam over Internet Telephony callers) who advertise products and conduct a survey is being emerged and it is urgent demand to detect them. Recently, a novel unsupervised SPITters detection scheme, which leverages a clustering algorithm, has been proposed. However, this scheme does not work well when the SPITters account for a small fraction of the entire caller. In this paper, we propose a new unsupervised SPITters detection scheme by adding artificial data to solve such unbalanced situation. Our scheme will avoid some of the legitimate callers from being clustered into the SPITters' cluster and the classification performance will be improved. We show the efficiency of the proposed scheme by means of computer simulation with real and artificial call log datasets.
Network Selection Strategy in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Next generation communications will offer a wide range of services available to users anywhere at any time. How wireless users access those services depends on the current user context: location, characteristics of the available networks, user preferences, application requirements and terminal capabilities. The vision is that users will not be tied down to a long-term contract with one single operator and will instead be able to dynamically choose access provision on a per call basis. The evolving competitive marketplace will provide a choice of access networks in any given location, each offering different network technologies with varying characteristics to transport the user’s communications application. This paper highlights the need for an access network selection decision strategy to aid users operating in this heterogeneous multi-network wireless environment. We propose a consumer surplus based algorithm that selects the best available network for transferring non real-time data, with user specified time constraints. When compared to an always cheapest strategy simulation results show significant performance gains in transfer completion time for the consumer surplus based strategy.
An optimized approach to predict the stock market behavior and investment decision making using benchmark algorithms for Naïve investors

The stock market is chaotic nature in general. The market and the trend will be well known only for existing investor and also for market players. Due to chaotic nature it is more difficult for making the investment decision by the new investors'. The literature survey as well the recent research history were failed to emphasize the strong decision making power for the new investor. The Time Series analysis is not only an indicator for the stock index but also for the market behavior. This paper focuses on introducing a new mechanism using the Dynamic Neural Network. The NSE indices Nifty-Midcap50 and Reliance are chosen for analysis. The Nonlinear Autoregressive eXogenous (NARX) Network architecture in association with two bench mark algorithms Levenberg Marquardt (LM) and Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG) are used for identifying the market behavior. The outcome of the analysis will provide accurate results for the investment decision making to the naive investors'.
A new accurate parameter estimation method for unbalanced three-phase system based on correlation function

This work addresses the problem of the unbalanced three-phase system accurate estimation parameter. This problem occurs in various fields of applications, among which is Smart Grid. It is well known to use the unbalanced three phase power system for modeling in smart grid applications. In this work, we propose a new analytical method in order to obtain an accurate estimation of the unbalanced three-phase system based on correlation function. The main advantages of the analytical proposed method, that it gives an exactly accurate estimation of these parameters. Computer simulations are provided in order to illustrate the good behavior of the analytical proposed method in a noiseless context. Finally, this new method is compared to other put forward in the literature which is based on Newton-Raphson scheme [1].
The Individual Risk Assessment of Terrorism: Recent Developments

This chapter synthesizes the existing evidence base on the individual risk assessment of terrorism, focusing critical attention on recent developments in the identification of valid risk factors. The most promising candidates for such risk factors identified here include ideologies, affiliations, grievances, moral emotions, and identities. Risk factors for lone-actor terrorism may diverge significantly from those for group-based terrorism. The chapter also reflects on what must happen if research on the risk assessment of terrorism is to yield knowledge that is actionable in the context of national security, i.e., the use of case-control, known-groups research designs.
Impact of terrestrial carbon input on methane emissions from an Alaskan Arctic lake

Arctic warming is expected to increase thermokarst erosion in thaw lakes, thus inducing large emissions of CH4 to the atmosphere. To reduce uncertainties about the mechanisms, magnitude and timing of methane emissions, we conducted an in‐situ experiment to simulate lake expansion following thermokarst erosion. Three tundra horizons were excavated, incubated at the bottom of a thaw lake and subsequently monitored for CH4 ebullition from mid‐season until lake freeze‐up. Although the permafrost and seasonally frozen active layer emitted little CH4 throughout the experiment, ebullition from the thawed active layer began the first week, quickly reaching rates (39 mg CH4 m−2 day−1) comparable to background ebullition in Siberian thaw lakes. While the long‐term fate of permafrost carbon from thermokarst lake expansion remains uncertain, the short‐term methane release is dominated by upper active layer carbon. Thus, deepening of the upper active layer in a thaw lake dominated landscape should increase CH4 ebullition rates.
Development of an electrothermal micro positioning platform for laser targets with two degrees of freedom

This work presents the development of an electrothermal actuated micro positioning platform with two degrees of freedom for use in pump-probe-experiments. The platform consists of a monolithic kinematic system, actuated by local thermal expansion due to defined Joule heating. Samples are manufactured with UV-Lithography of SUEX™ dry films for the polymer body and metallic thin films for the heating elements. Characterization of the samples shows deflections up to 177 μm × 119 μm. Controlling the actuators driving power allows a positioning accuracy of less than 5 μm.
Convergence of Q-learning with linear function approximation

In this paper, we analyze the convergence properties of Q-learning using linear function approximation. This algorithm can be seen as an extension to stochastic control settings of TD-learning using linear function approximation, as described in [1]. We derive a set of conditions that implies the convergence of this approximation method with probability 1, when a fixed learning policy is used. We provide an interpretation of the obtained approximation as a fixed point of a Bellman-like operator. We then discuss the relation of our result with several related works as well as its general applicability.
An Achievable Rate Region for Cooperative Multiple Access Channel

An achievable rate region for a 3-node cooperative multiple access channel (CMAC) is presented in this paper. A CMAC contains multiple users cooperatively transmitting information to a single destination node. It includes the traditional multiple access channel that assumes no communication between source nodes, and multiple input single output (MISO) system that contains ideal links between source nodes, as special cases. The achievable rate regions for both general CMAC and degraded Gaussian CMAC are derived with the assistance of a block Markov encoding scheme. The impacts of cooperation strategies between source nodes on node transmission rates are investigated by modeling node cooperation as a strategic game, and the Nash equilibrium of cooperation strategy for degraded Gaussian CMAC is identified.
A multidimensional partitioning scheme for developing English to Bangla dictionary

In this paper we describe a multidimensional implementation scheme for developing English to Bangla dictionary using multidimensional Array. We have converted the string into an integer key and partitioned the keys based on number of letters a word. Multidimensional arrays are good to store dense data. It is hard to use multidimensional array for sparse data. We have compressed the sparse multidimensional array by computing the offset value. We found good results for storage and retrieval costs. Our proposed model is explained with sufficient example and performance analysis is described with experimental results. The proposed scheme shows superiority over traditional schemes.
Maintaining soil productivity during forest or biomass-to-energy thinning harvests in the Western United States.

Forest biomass thinnings, to promote forest health or for energy production, can potentially impact the soil resource by altering soil physical, chemical, and/or biological properties. The extent and degree of impacts within a harvest unit or across a watershed will subsequently determine if site or soil productivity is affected. Although the impacts of stand removal on soil properties in the western United States have been documented, much less is known on periodic removals of biomass by thinnings or other partial cutting practices. However, basic recommendations and findings derived from stand-removal studies are also applicable to guide biomass thinnings for forest health, fuel reduction, or energy production. These are summarized as follows: (1) thinning operations are less likely to cause significant soil compaction than a stand-removal harvest, (2) risk-rating systems that evaluate soil susceptibility to compaction or nutrient losses from organic or mineral topsoil removal can help guide management practices, (3) using designated or existing harvesting traffic lanes and leaving some thinning residue in high traffic areas can reduce soil compaction on a stand basis, and (4) coarse-textured low fertility soils have greater risk of nutrient limitations resulting from whole-tree thinning removals than finer textured soils with higher fertility levels.
Radar measurements with micrometer accuracy and nanometer stability using an ultra-wideband 80 GHz radar system

In this paper, a high precision 80 GHz radar distance measurement system is presented. It is based on an ultra-wideband SiGe monostatic transceiver chip, which enables a bandwidth of 25.6 GHz around a center frequency of 80 GHz (i.e. 32%). All components besides the silicon radar chip are off-the-shelf electronics, which makes the sensor well-suited for low-cost industrial measurement applications. First, the measurement stability of the system is characterized. An excellent phase noise of -88 dBc/Hz (10 kHz offset from an 80 GHz carrier) was measured. Furthermore the stability of distance measurements inside a waveguide, are presented, which results in a standard deviation of the targets' phase of 0.008 degree, which corresponds to a distance jitter of 41 nm. Finally a measurement setup with a high precision linear motor on a low vibration table is used for distance measurements. A distance error below 4 micrometer was achieved and confirmed by three different measurement runs.
A Mechanically Veriied Application for a Mechanically Veriied Environment

We have developed a veriied application proved to be both eeective and eecient. The application generates moves in the puzzle-game Nim and is coded in Piton, a language with a formal semantics and a compiler veriied to preserve its semantics on the underlying machine. The Piton compiler is targeted to the FM9001, a recently fabricated veriied microprocessor. The Nim program correctness proof makes use of the language semantics that the compiler is proved to implement. Like the Piton compiler proof and FM9001 design proof, the Nim correctness proof is generated using Nqthm, a proof system sometimes known as the Boyer-Moore theorem prover.