Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Minimally Supervised Learning of Semantic Knowledge from Query Logs

We propose a method for learning semantic categories of words with minimal supervision from web search query logs. Our method is based on the Espresso algorithm (Pantel and Pennacchiotti, 2006) for extracting binary lexical relations, but makes important modifications to handle query log data for the task of acquiring semantic categories. We present experimental results comparing our method with two state-ofthe-art minimally supervised lexical knowledge extraction systems using Japanese query log data, and show that our method achieves higher precision than the previously proposed methods. We also show that the proposed method offers an additional advantage for knowledge acquisition in an Asian language for which word segmentation is an issue, as the method utilizes no prior knowledge of word segmentation, and is able to harvest new terms with correct word segmentation.
Effect of temperature, pH, and oxygen level on the multiplication of naturally occurring Legionella pneumophila in potable water

A water culture containing naturally occurring Legionella pneumophila and associated microbiota was maintained in the laboratory by serially transferring the culture in tap water which had been sterilized by membrane filtration. Successful maintenance of the water culture depended upon transferring the culture when the growth of L. pneumophila was in the late-exponential to early-stationary phase. The water culture was used as a source of naturally occurring bacteria to determine some of the parameters which affect the multiplication of L. pneumophila in tap water. Naturally occurring L. pneumophila multiplied at a temperature between 25 and 37 degrees C, at pH levels of 5.5 to 9.2, and at concentrations of dissolved oxygen of 6.0 to 6.7 mg/liter. Multiplication did not occur in tap water which contained less than 2.2 mg of dissolved oxygen per liter. An association was observed between the multiplication of L. pneumophila and the non-Legionellaceae bacteria which were also present in the water culture. The method of preserving naturally occurring L. pneumophila and associated microbiota may facilitate studies on the symbiosis of L. pneumophila with other microorganisms.
Ultrasound image reconstruction by two-dimensional blind total variation deconvolution

The main inherent property of medical ultrasound imaging is speckle noise which generally obscures and reduces the diagnostic image resolution and contrast. Consequently, the substantial improvement of ultrasound images is an important prerequisite, whenever ultrasound is used as one of the most utilized diagnostic modalities. The problem of reconstruction of ultrasound images by means of blind deconvolution has long been recognized as a prerequisite in ultrasound imaging processing in the recent decades. Recently, the Total Variation (TV) regularization method has become extremely effective approach for image reconstruction, especially for restoring edges of the blurring image. In this paper, we present a new blind iterative TV deconvolution algorithm for reconstructing ultrasound images from blurry and noisy observations. First, it proposes the initial estimation of the point-spread function (PSF) based on a generalization of two-dimensional homomorphic filtering in cepstrum domain. It is demonstrated that the initial PSF can be effectively estimated by applying a proper smoothing low-pass filtering in cepstrum domain. Second, it introduces a novel blind iterative TV deconvolution which is derived from an alternating minimization algorithm. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used in the pre-iteration computation. The innovative blind deconvolution is based on either concurrent or successive estimation of the PSF function and the image of interest. The iterative scheme is devised to recover the image and simultaneously identify the PSF function. The estimated PSF and restored image will be close to real values in the subsequent iterative deconvolution. Final, tests on phantom and clinical images have proven our novel blind iterative TV deconvolution gives more positive results of higher spatial resolution and better defined tissue structures than other deconvolution methods.
Feline Leukemia Virus Infection Requires a Post-Receptor Binding Envelope-Dependent Cellular Component

ABSTRACT Gammaretrovirus receptors have been suggested to contain the necessary determinants to mediate virus binding and entry. Here, we show that murine NIH 3T3 and baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells overexpressing receptors for subgroup A, B, and C feline leukemia viruses (FeLVs) are weakly susceptible (101 to 102 CFU/ml) to FeLV pseudotype viruses containing murine leukemia virus (MLV) core (Gag-Pol) proteins, whereas FeLV receptor-expressing murine Mus dunni tail fibroblast (MDTF) cells are highly susceptible (104 to 106 CFU/ml). However, NIH 3T3 cells expressing the FeLV subgroup B receptor PiT1 are highly susceptible to gibbon ape leukemia virus pseudotype virus, which differs from the FeLV pseudotype viruses only in the envelope protein. FeLV resistance is not caused by a defect in envelope binding, low receptor expression levels, or N-linked glycosylation. Resistance is not alleviated by substitution of the MLV core in the FeLV pseudotype virus with FeLV core proteins. Interestingly, FeLV resistance is alleviated by fusion of receptor-expressing NIH 3T3 and BHK cells with MDTF or human TE671 cells, suggesting the absence of an additional cellular component in NIH 3T3 and BHK cells that is required for FeLV infection. The putative FeLV-specific cellular component is not a secreted factor, as MDTF conditioned medium does not alleviate the block to FeLV infection. Together, our findings suggest that FeLV infection requires an additional envelope-dependent cellular component that is absent in NIH 3T3 and BHK cells but that is present in MDTF and TE671 cells.
Relevance Vector Machine Applied to EEG Signals Classification

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a complex and aperiodic time series, which is a sum over a very large number of neuronal membrane potentials. Despite the rapid advances of neuroimaging techniques, EEG recording con- tinues playing an important role in both the diagnosis of neurological diseases and understanding of the psychological process. In order to extract relevant information of brain electrical activity, a variety of computerized-analysis me- thods have been used. In this paper, we propose the use of a recently developed machine-leaning technique - relevance vector machine (RVM) - for EEG signals classification. RVM is based on Bayesian estimation theory, which has as distinctive feature the fact that it can yield a sparse decision function defined only by a very small number of so-called re- levance vectors. From the experimental results, we can see that estimation and classification based on RVM perform well in EEG signals classification problem compared with traditional approach support vector machine (SVM), which indicates that this classification method is valid and has promising application.
Compact and unforgeable key establishment over an ATM network

Authenticated session key establishment is a central issue in network security. This paper addresses the question of whether we can design a compact, efficient and authenticated key establishment protocol that has the following two properties: (1) each message exchanged between two participants can be transferred in a short packet such as an ATM cell whose payload has only 384 bits, and (2) messages that carry key materials are unforgeable and nonrepudiatable without the involvement of a trusted key distribution center. We discuss why the answer to this question is negative if one follows the currently standard approach to key establishment, namely employing secret/public key encryption and, possibly, digital signature. We then present a number of protocols that represent a positive answer to the question. Our protocols are all based on a cryptographic primitive called "signcryption" that fulfils both the functions of digital signature and public key encryption with a cost far smaller than that required by "digital signature followed by encryption".
p11 Expression in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Is Increased by Nitric Oxide in a cGMP-dependent Pathway Involving Protein Kinase G Activation*

The effect of nitric oxide on p11 expression was studied in an immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B cells). Three nitric oxide donors were used: spermine NONOate (SP), (±)-S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), and S-nitrosoglutathione (SNOG). All three nitric oxide donors had similar effects resulting in dose-dependent and time-dependent accumulation of p11 protein and an increase of steady-state p11 mRNA. Studies using a reporter gene containing the region from −1499 to +89 of the p11 promoter demonstrated an increase in transcriptional activity after stimulation with NO donors for 4 h. These effects were abolished at the promoter and protein level using protein kinase G inhibitors (KT5823 andR p-8-pCPT-cGMPS). Incubation of transfected cells with a cell permeable cGMP analogue (8-Br-cGMP) resulted in a dose-related increase of promoter activity. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay of nuclear proteins extracted from BEAS-2B cells identified an AP-1 site located at −82 to −77 of the p11 promoter region as an NO- and cGMP- dependent response element. These data were confirmed using a c-jun dominant negative mutant vector and a c-jun expression plasmid. Therefore, we conclude that nitric oxide-induced p11 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells is mediated at least in part through increased binding of activator protein one to the p11 promoter.
Glacier monitoring using spaceborne SAR intensity images

For mapping of glacier regions and their velocity field of the surface, intensity images of RADAR remote sensing are exploited. The supervised classification of glacier areas is based on sparse vector representations. The estimation of glacier surface motion is conducted via point like features and robust phase correlation. The experiments are carried out using TerraSAR-X images of Taku glacier in Juneau Icefield and Baltoro glacier in Karakorum.
A COMPLETE FAULT DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM FOR THE OPERATION OF AUTOMATED VEHICLES IN A PLATOON

A “complete” fault diagnostic system is developed for automated vehicles operating as a platoon on an automated highway system. The diagnostic system is designed to monitor the complete set of sensors and actuators used by the lateral and longitudinal controllers of the vehicle, including radar sensors, magnetometers and inter-vehicle communication systems. A fault in any of the twelve sensors and three actuators is identified without requiring any additional hardware redundancy. The diagnostic system uses parity equations and several reduced-order nonlinear observers constructed from a simplified dynamic model of the vehicle. Nonlinear observer design techniques are used to guarantee asymptotically stable convergence of estimates for the nonlinear dynamic system. Different combinations of the observer estimates and the available sensor measurements are then processed to construct a bank of residues. The paper analytically shows that a fault in any of the sensors or actuators creates a unique subset of these residues to grow so as to enable exact identification of the faulty component. Both simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the fault diagnostic system in the presence of various faults. 1 R. Rajamani is with the Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455. 2 A. Howell, J.K. Hedrick and M. Tomizuka are with the Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720. 3 C. Chen is with the Department of Mechanical Engineering , National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan.
Hemosepermia after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostatic biopsy: A prospective study

Objectives: Trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) is a safe, cost-effective, radiation-free imaging modality for evaluation of prostate. But unfortunately, hemospermia is known to be associated with TRUS–guided prostate biopsy. The aim of this study is to measure the incidence and risk factors of hemospermia in patients undergoing TRUS. Patients and Methods: A prospective observational study involving patients undergoing TRUS for suspected prostate cancer has been conducted at Al-Hussein and Sayed Galal Hospitals. Forty patients were included in the study. Results: Most men (90% = 36 patient) undergoing TRUS-guided prostatic biopsy, who were able to ejaculate, experienced hemospermia, which was associated with some degree of anxiety. The mean duration of hemospermia was 4 (±1.4) weeks. The number of ejaculations before the complete resolution of hemospermia was 6 (±5.6). None of the clinical and pathological factors was a significant predictor of the duration of hemospermia. Conclusion: Patients should be adequately counseled before TRUS-guided prostatic biopsy to avoid anxiety and alterations in sexual activity.
A new technique to locate faults in distribution networks based on optimal coordination of numerical directional overcurrent relays

During the past twenty years many methods have been presented in the literature as effective fault locators. These methods are based on impedance (time- or phasor-domain), travelling wave, or even using power quality data, superimposed components, and artificial intelligence based algorithms. Some of them are exclusively used for sub-transmission/transmission lines (overhead, underground, and joint-nodes), distribution systems, smart-grid, DC micro-grid, etc. It is well known that the primary protective devices preferred in distribution systems are directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs), because they can compromise between different design criteria (cost, reliability “security and dependability”, adequateness, speed, etc), and they can satisfy the selectivity constrains among primary and backup sets. For this reason, it is an interesting thing to design a new DOCRs-based fault locator for distribution networks using the advanced features available in the recent state of the art numerical relays. The measured operating time and the detected fault type (recorded and stored in both ends relays of the faulty branch) are used to estimate the actual location of that fault. Different techniques are implemented, including classical/logarithmic-based interpolations and linear/nonlinear regression models. Some comparative results are shown for the IEEE 8-Bus test system.
Talisman: commodity realtime 3D graphics for the PC

A new 3D graphics and multimedia hardware architecture, cod named Talisman, is described which exploits both spatial and temporal coherence to reduce the cost of high quality animatio Individually animated objects are rendered into independent image layers which are composited together at video refresh ra to create the final display. During the compositing process, a fu affine transformation is applied to the layers to allow translatio rotation, scaling and skew to be used to simulate 3D motion of objects, thus providing a multiplier on 3D rendering performan and exploiting temporal image coherence. Image compression broadly exploited for textures and image layers to reduce imag capacity and bandwidth requirements. Performance rivaling hi end 3D graphics workstations can be achieved at a cost point two to three hundred dollars.
Descent Relations among Bosonic D-Branes

We show that the tachyonic kink solution on a pair of D-p-branes in the bosonic string theory can be identified with the D-(p-1)-brane of the same theory. We also speculate on the possibility of obtaining the D-(p-1)-brane as a tachyonic lump on a single D-p-brane. We suggest a possible reinterpretation of the first result which unifies these two apparently different descriptions of the D-(p-1)-brane.
Funding Value Adjustments

In this paper, we demonstrate that the funding value adjustments (FVAs) of major dealers are debt overhang costs to their shareholders. To maximize shareholder value, dealer quotations therefore adjust for FVAs. Our case studies include interest‐rate swap FVAs and violations of covered interest parity. Contrary to current valuation practice, FVAs are not themselves components of the market values of the positions being financed. Current dealer practice does, however, align incentives between trading desks and shareholders. We also establish a pecking order for preferred asset financing strategies and provide a new interpretation of the standard debit value adjustment.
pGenN, a Gene Normalization Tool for Plant Genes and Proteins in Scientific Literature

Background Automatically detecting gene/protein names in the literature and connecting them to databases records, also known as gene normalization, provides a means to structure the information buried in free-text literature. Gene normalization is critical for improving the coverage of annotation in the databases, and is an essential component of many text mining systems and database curation pipelines. Methods In this manuscript, we describe a gene normalization system specifically tailored for plant species, called pGenN (pivot-based Gene Normalization). The system consists of three steps: dictionary-based gene mention detection, species assignment, and intra species normalization. We have developed new heuristics to improve each of these phases. Results We evaluated the performance of pGenN on an in-house expertly annotated corpus consisting of 104 plant relevant abstracts. Our system achieved an F-value of 88.9% (Precision 90.9% and Recall 87.2%) on this corpus, outperforming state-of-art systems presented in BioCreative III. We have processed over 440,000 plant-related Medline abstracts using pGenN. The gene normalization results are stored in a local database for direct query from the pGenN web interface (proteininformationresource.org/pgenn/). The annotated literature corpus is also publicly available through the PIR text mining portal (proteininformationresource.org/iprolink/).
A background calibrated 28GS/s 8b interleaved SAR ADC in 28nm CMOS

A 28-GS/s time-interleaved ADC suitable for PAM4 optical and backplane applications is presented. The architecture uses a two-rank 2×(4:4) sampling network to interleave 32 8b SAR ADCs employing redundancy to relax DAC settling requirements. A DSP core estimates and corrects the gain, offset and timing error between channels. An ENOB of 5.8b and 5.4b is achieved with 1-GHz and 13.3GHz input signals. The ADC consumes 165-mW from a single 950-mV power supply and is fabricated in a 28nm CMOS process occupying 0.24mm2.
Do vasopressin-related peptides induce hippocampal corticosterone receptors? Implications for aging

The aged rat shows a decline in hippocampal corticosterone receptors and dysfunction in learning and adrenocortical physiology previously linked to glucocorticoid effects upon the hippocampus. The Brattleboro rat, congenitally lacking vasopressin, also has a low number of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors, as well as learning and endocrine impairments similar to those seen in the aged. Centrally acting vasopressin analogues correct the receptor loss in the hippocampus in the Brattleboro rat but do not influence the hippocampal receptor deficit in the aged rat. Quantitative and high resolution autoradiographic procedures were utilized to characterize the glucocorticoid receptor deficit in the aged and Brattleboro rats. Quantitative autoradiography showed that in both aged and Brattleboro subjects, losses in receptors were most extreme in the pyramidal layer of the CA3a region. High resolution autoradiography revealed striking differences in the cellular basis of the receptor losses. Brattleboro rats had decreased binding of [3H]corticosterone per neuron, whereas aged subjects, in addition, had significant losses in the number of corticosterone-concentrating neurons. Taken together, our findings indicate that the glucocorticoid receptor deficit in the Brattleboro rat probably represents a vasopressin-influenced defect in the synthesis or degradation of the receptor, whereas in the aged rat the deficit originates from loss of both receptor per neuron and the steroid-concentrating neurons themselves, and thus is most likely a permanent and pharmacologically insensitive deficit.
Assessing the Effects of Orientation and Device on (Constrained) 3D Movement Techniques

We present two studies to assess which physical factors influence 3D object movement tasks with various input devices. Since past research has shown that a mouse with suitable mapping techniques can serve as a good input device for some 3D object movement tasks, we also evaluate which characteristics of the mouse sustain its success. Our first study evaluates the effect of a supporting surface across orientation of input device movement and display orientation. A 3D tracking device was used in all conditions for consistency. The results of this study are inconclusive; no significant differences were found between the factors examined. The results of a second study show that the mouse outperforms the tracker for speed in all instances. The presence of support also improved accuracy when tracker movement is limited to 2D operation. A 3DOF movement mode performed worst overall.
Peptide Antigens Responses by Receptor-Mediated Uptake of Enhancement of MHC Class II-Restricted

CollawnZinn, Lisa M. Schwiebert, Casey T. Weaver and James F. Lolita Zaliauskiene, Sunghyun Kang, Kerri Sparks, Kurt R.http://www.jimmunol.org/content/169/5/2337J Immunol€2002; 169:2337-2345; ;Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/169/5/2337.full#ref-list-1This article cites 57 articles, 34 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai. org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:
Joint energy and spinning reserve dispatch under imperfect competition

This study analyzes the strategic interaction among suppliers in an oligopolistic market where electrical energy and spinning reserve are simultaneously traded. Suppliers' strategic behavior is represented via a parameterized Supply Function Equilibria (SFE) model. Supply curves for energy and spinning reserve services are parameterized using a two-degree-of-freedom parameterization involving arbitrarily manipulation of the slope and the intercept. A two-level optimization technique with equilibrium constraints is employed for deriving Nash strategies under pay-as-bid pricing (PABP) and marginal pricing (MP) mechanisms. A multiperiod market based on a six-bus test system is used to illustrate the method and to analyze the interaction between the energy and spinning reserve markets. The extension to a multigenerator game is discussed through numerical results.
Parametrisation of solar radiation at the surface under cloudless conditions and its validation against observations

Radiative transfer is one of the most important physical processes in the atmosphere and must be treated accurately in numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate models. In recent decades there have been many efforts aimed at improving the accuracy of radiation measurements and modelling (for example Murcray et al. 1996; Edwards and Slingo 1996; Mlawer et al. 1997; Sun and Rikus 1999; Li and Barker 2005). Radiation is computationally time-consuming to Aust. Met. Mag. 56 (2007) 81-92