Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study on related factors affecting dental fear in preschool children.

This study aims to examine the manifestations of dental anxiety (DA) and its influencing factors during dental visits among preschool children. The data of 166 preschool children who visited the Department of Dentistry of our hospital from April 2021 to April 2023 with oral problems were retrieved. Their DA performance was investigated using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS). In addition, based on their general data and potential risk factor information, we performed logistic regression analysis to identify the factors influencing DA. Of the 166 questionnaires distributed, a total of 160 valid questionnaires were retrieved. The average CFSS-DS score was 35.57 ± 3.51 points. Sixty-six children had DA, resulting in an incidence rate of 41.25%. The top 5 items with the highest CFSS-DS scores were fear of needles, dentists, tooth extraction, drilling and oral anesthesia. When the 66 children with DA were classified into a DA group and a non-DA group, we observed significant differences in age distribution, dental experience, only child status, general anxiety symptoms, dental condition, family income and specific dental treatment procedures, particularly tooth extraction, between them (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that preschool children aged ≤4 years, those with prior dental experiences, single-child status, general anxiety symptoms, suboptimal dental health, family incomes below 100,000 yuan/year, and those undergoing specific dental procedures, such as tooth extractions, were independently associated with a higher risk of DA (p < 0.05). The incidence of DA in preschool children is high, and they exhibit substantial fear of needles, dentists, tooth extraction, drilling and oral anesthesia. Preschool children aged ≤4 years, with prior dental experiences, single-child status, the presence of general anxiety symptoms, suboptimal dental health, family incomes below 100,000 yuan/year, and those undergoing dental procedures, particularly tooth extraction, could be more predisposed to DA.
Role of decompressive craniectomy in the management of acute ischemic stroke (Review)

The application of decompressive craniectomy (DC) is thoroughly documented in the management of brain edema, particularly following traumatic brain injury. However, an increasing amount of concern is developing among the universal medical community as regards the application of DC in the treatment of other causes of brain edema, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage, sinus thrombosis and encephalitis. Managing stroke continues to remain challenging, and demands the aggressive and intensive consulting of a number of medical specialties. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarcts, which consist of 1-10% of all supratentorial infarcts, are often associated with mass effects, and high mortality and morbidity rates. Over the past three decades, a number of neurosurgical medical centers have reported their experience with the application of DC in the treatment of malignant MCA infarction with varying results. In addition, over the past decade, major efforts have been dedicated to multicenter randomized clinical trials. The present study reviews the pertinent literature to outline the use of DC in the management of malignant MCA infarction. The PubMed database was systematically searched for the following terms: ‘Malignant cerebral infarction’, ‘surgery for stroke’, ‘DC for cerebral infarction’, and all their combinations. Case reports were excluded from the review. The articles were categorized into a number of groups; the majority of these were human clinical studies, with a few animal experimental clinical studies. The surgical technique involved was DC, or hemicraniectomy. Other aspects that were included in the selection of articles were methodological characteristics and the number of patients. The multicenter randomized trials were promising. The mortality rate has unanimously decreased. As for the functional outcome, different scales were employed; the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended was not sufficient; the Modified Rankin Scale and Bathel index, as well as other scales, were applied. Other aspects considered were demographics, statistics and the very interesting radiological ones. There is no doubt that DC decreases mortality rates, as shown in all clinical trials. Functional outcome appears to be the goal standard in modern-era neurosurgery, and quality of life should be further discussed among the medical community and with patient consent.
Estudio del Liderazgo Socioformativo mediante la Cartografía Conceptual Study of Socioformative Leadership through the Conceptual Mapping

El concepto de liderazgo fue desarrollado principalmente en el ambito organizacional para estimular a los trabajadores en el logro de las metas establecidas, lo cual a traves del tiempo provoco que este termino se utilizara en otros ambitos como el deportivo, gerencial y politico. Recientemente en el campo educativo se busca desarrollar el liderazgo de manera pedagogica, distribuida y transformacional en los equipos directivos y docentes de las instituciones para mejorar los resultados de aprendizaje. Con base en la evolucion del concepto de liderazgo en los procesos educativos, se realizo un analisis documental con el objetivo de proponer mejoras en la construccion del concepto, teoria y metodologia. Se empleo la cartografia conceptual como estrategia para la organizacion de la informacion recabada, siguiendo los ocho ejes de analisis de esta metodologia, tomado como base fuentes primarias y secundarias recuperadas de google academico y bibliografia complementaria sobre la tematica. Los resultados ilustran la importancia de gestionar el talento humano en las instituciones educativas mediante procesos de colaboracion, metacognicion y fortalecimiento del proyecto etico de vida de quienes participan en la formacion de las nuevas generaciones, esto llevara a un liderazgo que trascienda la ejecucion de tareas (funciones y roles), y se garantice el desarrollo de personas eticas y autorrealizadas. Palabras clave: Socioformacion, Formacion integral, Calidad educativa, Docencia, Colaboracion. The concept of leadership was developed mainly in the organizational level to encourage workers in achieving the goals set, which over time caused that this term will be used in other areas such as sports, managerial and political. Recently in the field of education aims to develop leadership in a teaching way, distributed and transformational in the management teams and of the educational institutions to improve learning outcomes. Based on the evolution of the concept of leadership in educational processes, a documentary analysis was conducted with the objective to propose improvements in the construction of the concept, theory and methodology. Employment is the conceptual mapping as a strategy for the organization of the information collected, in accordance with the eight pillars of analysis of this methodology, taken as a base primary and secondary sources retrieved from Google scholar and supplemental bibliography on the topic. The results illustrate the importance of managing the human talent in the educational institutions through collaborative processes, metacognition and strengthening of the ethical project of life of those involved in the formation of the new generations, this will lead to a leadership that transcends the execution of tasks (functions and roles), and ensure the development of self-fulfilling and ethical people.
Estimation of Annual Emission of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in China

Quantification of PAHs emission was significant due to improving government policy on energy and environment and conducting fate simulation and risk assessment of PAHs in large scale. Based on emission factors and corresponding statistics of emission activities from various literatures, annual PAH emissions in China in 1999, including 16 PAH species in the inventory of prior pollutants suggested by USEPA, were estimated. Different activities involved fossil fuel consumption as the dominant PAH emission source in China were classified as following: (1) industrial (including public power/heating plants) coal combustion, (2) non-industrial (mostly residential) coal combustion, (3) coking coal, (4) oil burning for transportation, (5) non-transportation oil burning, and (6) natural gas combustion. For each group, the total amount consumed in national scale was provided by official statistical archive, while the emission factors were derived from medians of numerous available literature data, mainly originated from Europe and North American. By multiplying each consumption data with the corresponding emission factor, the estimated annual emissions of 16 PAH components in China were obtained. In addition, the uncertainties of emission results, caused by use of averaged emission factor, were also analyzed based on the variations of the concerned emission factors. The results indicated that in 1999, the total emission of 16 PAH species in China was around 9799 tons, the related contributions of the 6 aforementioned sources were in the sequence as 1.0%, 65.6%, 30.6%, 0.9%, 1.8% and 0.1%. At the confidence interval of 75%, there were around one order of magnitude uncertainties for the 5 major emission sources, excluding natural gas for its trivial influence. In the total PAHs emission, the percentage of high molecular weight PAH species, including the 7 carcinogenic PAHs, was significantly higher in China than that in Great Lakes of North America, showing dominant coal combustion and coking production in China and relatively higher ecological risk.
Least-squares Generalized Interferometric Multiple Imaging

Imaging internal multiples properly has the potential to enhance the quality of the migrated images since they may illuminate subsurface zones that are poorly illuminated by single-scattering energy, such as vertical and nearly vertical faults, and salt flanks. The generalized interferometric multiple imaging procedure aims to migrate internally multiply-scattered energy. Imaging first-order internal multiples using this procedure is composed of a data extrapolation based datuming step, an interferometric cross-correlation datuming step followed by a zero-lag cross-correlation imaging condition with the forward extrapolated datumed data. However, this procedure yields migrated images that suffers from low spatial resolution, and migration artifacts due to the datuming steps based on cross-correlation, cross-talk noise, and band-limited nature of the source wavelet. We propose a least-squares generalized interferometric multiple imaging procedure, in which we replace the first two datuming steps by least-squares datuming ones. The proposed framework would suppress the cross-talk noise and migration artifacts, and deconvolve the source wavelet. Therefore, it would enhance the resolution of the subsurface reflectivity distribution illuminated by first-order internal multiples. Application to two synthetic datasets improved the illumination of subsurface scatterers and the high-resolution delineation of a vertical fault plane using first-order internal multiples.
Language Learning Media Through Mobile APP: The Effects of Busuu on Vocabulary Learning and Listening Skills

This study investigates the effects of the Busuu Mobile app on vocabulary learning and listening skills. In order to achieve the objective of this study, the researchers used a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design. The participants of this study were 38 students of class 7.1 in SMP Negeri 4 Tangerang Selatan, with a total of 469 populations. The data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests to determine students’ vocabulary learning and listening skills scores. The scores were then analyzed using Paired Sample Effect Size to determine the effects’ significance. The effect size of students’ vocabulary learning and listening skills was high, with 4.404 for vocabulary learning and 4.670 for listening skills (>1). This study concludes that using Busuu on students’ vocabulary learning and listening skills had a high effect. Therefore, the Busuu mobile app is advised to be utilized in vocabulary learning and listening skills. The future study of finding out the students’ perception of using Busuu will be necessary for the effectiveness of using this mobile application.
Single subunit degradation of WIZ, a lenalidomide- and pomalidomide-dependent substrate of E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL4CRBN

Immunomodulators (IMiDs) are an effective class of drugs used to treat blood cancers. IMiDs are believed to work by recruiting protein targets containing a β-hairpin motif for ubiquitination by E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes composed of cereblon (CRBN), Cullin-4a (CUL4a), DNA Damage Binding protein-1 (DDB1), and Ring Box-1 (RBX1). The ubiquitinated protein is subsequently degraded by the proteasome. By characterizing the repertoire of proteins that show an increased physical association with CRBN after IMiD treatment, we identified a novel IMiD substrate, Widely Interspaced Zinc Finger Motifs (WIZ). WIZ contains a C2H2 zinc finger domain, like several other substrates that were previously characterized. We demonstrate that IMiDs stabilize physical association of WIZ with CRBN, deplete WIZ steady state protein levels in a way that is dependent on E3 ligase activity, and enhance the rate of its degradation. Notably, proteins that assemble with WIZ are co-recruited to CRBN by IMiDs but are not degraded, illustrating the potential of targeted protein degradation to eliminate individual subunits of a protein complex. These findings suggest that systematic characterization of the full repertoire of proteins that are targeted for degradation by IMiD compounds will be required to better understand their biological effects. Synopsis Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) can be used to precisely target a subunit of a transcriptional complex for degradation in subpopulations of cells.
Identifying essential components of a plant LINC complex

Figure 2: Distribution of components of plant nuclear envelope in the plant kingdom. Selected plant lineages used in this study from left to right: Unicells Algae (pink), Moss and Club Moss (red), Gymnosperm (orange), Basal Angiosperms (yellow), Monocots (green) and Eudicots (blue). zeta epsilon and gamma WGDs are indicated as arrow heads respectively in black, grey and purple. Distribution of the 9 protein families (rows) in the 20 species (columns). Absence (0) of a given protein is highlighted in light orange.
The forward calorimeter of the ALICE experiment at CERN LHC

A new forward calorimeter (FoCal), covering the pseudorapidity range 3.4 ≤ η ≤ 5.8, is proposed in order to extend the physics reach of ALICE during the LHC Run 4. The FoCal comprises a high-granularity electromagnetic calorimeter with silicon pixel and pad readout as well as a hadronic calorimeter. FoCal gives access to the nuclear gluon densities down to Bjorken-x ∼ 10−6, where they are not constrained by other measurements and their evolution may be affected by non-linear effects of quantum chromodynamics. The hadronic subsystem of FoCal (FoCal-H) will be based on capillary copper tubes with scintillating fibers inside. A full-length prototype was assembled and it was exposed to a non-separated charged particle beam in the H2 SPS CERN beamline in November 2022. An energy scan from 60 to 350 GeV was performed and the reconstructed signals are processed in a custom developed ROOT based environment. The design of the 2022 prototype as well as the first results from the energy reconstruction are presented.
Noradrenergic modulation of saccades in Parkinson's disease

Noradrenaline is a powerful modulator of cognitive processes, including action-decisions underlying saccadic control. Changes in saccadic eye movements are common across neurodegenerative diseases of ageing, including Parkinson's disease. With growing interest in noradrenergic treatment potential for non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease, the temporal precision of oculomotor function is advantageous to assess the effects of this modulation. Here we studied the effect of 40 mg atomoxetine, a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, in nineteen people with idiopathic Parkinson's disease using a single dose, randomised double-blind crossover placebo-controlled design. Twenty-five healthy adult participants completed the assessments to provide normative data. Participants performed prosaccade and antisaccade tasks. The latency, velocity and accuracy of saccades, and resting pupil diameter, were measured. Increased pupil diameter on the drug confirmed its expected effect on the locus coeruleus ascending arousal system. Atomoxetine improved key aspects of saccade performance: prosaccade latencies were faster and the saccadic main sequence was normalised. These improvements were accompanied by increased antisaccade error rates on the drug. Together these findings suggest a shift in the speed-accuracy trade-off for visuo-motor decisions in response to noradrenergic treatment. Our results provide new evidence to substantiate a role for noradrenergic modulation of saccades, and based on known circuitry we advance the hypothesis that this reflects modulation at the level of the locus coeruleus-superior colliculus pathway. Given the potential for noradrenergic treatment of non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease and related conditions, the oculomotor system can support the assessment of cognitive effects without limb-motor confounds on task performance.
Construction and validation of nomogram prediction model for risk of acute heart failure in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

To investigate the influencing factors of in-hospital acute heart failure (AHF) in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), and to construct and validate a risk prediction nomogram model. Three Hundred Thirty patients with AECOPD admitted to our hospital from June 2020 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed as a training set for the construction of the model. Three Hundred Twenty-five AECOPD patients admitted to the Second People’s Hospital of Hefei from 2006 to June 2023 were also collected as the validation set for the validation of the model. A nomogram model was constructed to predict the risk of nosocomial AHF in patients with AECOPD, and C-index and receiver operating characteristic curve were drawn to assess the predictive predictive efficacy of the model. Model fit was evaluated by Hosmer–Lemeshow test, calibration curve was drawn to evaluate the calibration of the model; decision curve was drawn to analyze the net benefit rate of this nomogram model. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that body mass index, mmRC grade, neutrophils, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, creatinine, PO2, PCO2, and Homocysteine were independent risk factors for in-hospital AHF in patients with AECOPD. To construct a nomogram model for risk prediction of in-hospital AHF in patients with AECOPD. The C-index of the training set was 0.949 (95% CI: 0.91–0.961); the C-index of the validation set was 0.936 (95% CI: 0.911–0.961) suggesting good model discrimination. The receiver operating characteristic curve calculated area under curve for the training set was 0.949 (95% CI: 0.928–0.97); area under curve for the validation set was 0.936 (95% CI: 0.91–0.961) suggesting good model accuracy. The results of Hosmer-Lemeshoe goodness-of-fit test and calibration curve analysis showed that the calibration curve of this nomogram model was close to the ideal curve. The clinical decision curve also showed good clinical net benefit of the nomogram model. Body mass index, mmRC grade, neutrophils, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, creatinine, PO2, PCO2, and Homocysteine are risk factors for in-hospital AHF in AECOPD patients, and nomogram models constructed based on the above factors have some predictive value for in-hospital AHF in AECOPD patients. It is also vital for nursing staff to strengthen nursing care.
Development of Yellow Discoloration in Sawai (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) Muscle due to Lipid Oxidation

In this study, we investigated the impact of lipid oxidation on the discoloration of Sawai (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) lipids and proteins. Sawai microsomes, liposomes, and salt-soluble myofibrillar proteins were prepared and subjected to lipid oxidation process. The results revealed that the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, yellowness (as indicated by b* values), and pyrrole compounds increased when Sawai liposomes and microsomes were oxidized using iron and ascorbate. Meanwhile, the levels of free amines decreased, particularly as the iron content (25∼100 μM) and incubation time (0∼20 h) increased. The impact of oxidized liposomes at different levels (1, 2, and 5%) on the salt-soluble Sawai myofibrillar proteins was also evaluated. The findings revealed that lipid oxidation products reduced the sulfhydryl content and increased the surface hydrophobicity and carbonyl content of the salt-soluble Sawai myofibrillar proteins. These results imply that the formation of yellow discoloration in Sawai muscle could be due to nonenzymatic browning reactions occurring between lipid oxidation products and amines in the muscle protein.
Hypothetical Regulation of Folate Biosynthesis and Strategies for Folate Overproduction in Lactic Acid Bacteria

Folate (vitamin B9) is an essential nutrient for cell metabolism, especially in pregnant women; however, folate deficiency is a major global health issue. To address this issue, folate-rich fermented foods have been used as alternative sources of natural folate. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are commonly involved in food fermentation, can synthesize and excrete folate into the medium, thereby increasing folate levels. However, screening for folate-producing LAB strains is necessary because this ability is highly dependent on the bacterial strain. Some strains of LAB consume folate, and their presence in a fermentation mix can lower the folate levels of the final product. Since microorganisms efficiently regulate folate biosynthesis to meet their growth needs, some strains of folate-producing LAB can deplete folate levels if folate is available in the media. Such folate-efficient producers possess a feedback inhibition mechanism that downregulates folate biosynthesis. Therefore, the application of folate-overproducing strains may be a key strategy for increasing folate levels in media with or without available folate. Many studies have been conducted to screen folate-producing bacteria, but very few have focused on the identification of overproducers. This is probably because of the limited understanding of the regulation of folate biosynthesis in LAB. In this review, we discuss the roles of folate-biosynthetic genes and their contributions to the ability of LAB to synthesize and regulate folate. In addition, we present various hypotheses regarding the regulation of the feedback inhibition mechanism of folate-biosynthetic enzymes and discuss strategies for obtaining folate-overproducing LAB strains.