Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Out-of-Band Information Aided mmWave/THz Beam Search: A Spatial Channel Similarity Perspective

The transition to higher frequency bands, such as millimeter-wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz), will be capitalized in the long term for future wireless communications. One of the challenges relates to rapid establishment of mmWave/THz links with low beam training overhead due to highly directional transmission. A promising solution is to take advantage of the coexistence of sub-6 GHz, mmWave, and THz wireless networks and to use out-of-band spatial information for enabling fast beam search. Success depends on the spatial similarity of radio channels across different frequency bands. In this article, we promote a feasibility study of low-frequency spatial channel information assisted high-frequency beam search from a radio channel point of view. We develop a multi-band channel similarity measure of desired beam directions extracted from radio channels, which is obtained via filtering propagation paths by different beam patterns at different frequencies. Measurement-and ray-tracing-based evaluations across multiple frequencies and environments are performed, which prove the usability of out-of-band information aided beam search strategy in a line-of-sight (LoS)-dominated scenario and even in a non-LoS scenario. Finally, we discuss the challenges associated with exploiting spatial channel similarity.
Locally Enhanced Image Quality with Tunable Hybrid Metasurfaces

Metasurfaces represent a new paradigm in artificial subwavelength structures due to their potential to overcome many challenges typically associated with bulk metamaterials. The ability making very thin structures and change their properties dynamically make metasurfaces an exceptional meta-optics platform for engineering advanced electromagnetic and photonic metadevices. Here, we suggest and demonstrate experimentally a novel tunable metasurface capable to enhance significantly the local image quality in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We present a design of the hybrid metasurface based on electromagnetically-coupled dielectric and metallic elements. We demonstrate how to tailor the spectral characteristics of the metasurface eigenmodes by changing dynamically the effective permittivity of the structure. By maximizing a coupling between metasurface eigenmodes and transmitted and received fields in the MRI system, we enhance the device sensitivity that results in a substantial improvement of the image quality.
Error estimation of weighted nonlocal Laplacian on random point cloud

We analyze the convergence of the weighted nonlocal Laplacian (WNLL) on high dimensional randomly distributed data. The analysis reveals the importance of the scaling weight $\mu \sim P|/|S|$ with $|P|$ and $|S|$ be the number of entire and labeled data, respectively. The result gives a theoretical foundation of WNLL for high dimensional data interpolation.
Lung Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels-Derived Vesicles Contribute to Epithelial Lung Repair

The use of physiomimetic decellularized extracellular matrix-derived hydrogels is attracting interest since they can modulate the therapeutic capacity of numerous cell types, including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Remarkably, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from MSCs display similar functions as their parental cells, mitigating tissue damage in lung diseases. However, recent data have shown that ECM-derived hydrogels could release other resident vesicles similar to EVs. Here, we aim to better understand the contribution of EVs and ECM-vesicles released from MSCs and/or lung-derived hydrogel (L-HG) in lung repair by using an in vitro lung injury model. L-HG derived-vesicles and MSCs EVs cultured either in L-HG or conventional plates were isolated and characterized. The therapeutic capacity of vesicles obtained from each experimental condition was tested by using an alveolar epithelial wound-healing assay. The number of ECM-vesicles released from acellular L-HG was 10-fold greater than EVs from conventional MSCs cell culture revealing that L-HG is an important source of bioactive vesicles. MSCs-derived EVs and L-HG vesicles have similar therapeutic capacity in lung repair. However, when wound closure rate was normalized by total proteins, the MSCs-derived EVs shows higher therapeutic potential to those released by L-HG. The EVs released from L-HG must be considered when HG is used as substrate for cell culture and EVs isolation.
Process-independent strong running coupling

We unify two widely different approaches to understanding the infrared behaviour of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), one essentially phenomenological, based on data, and the other computational, realised via quantum field equations in the continuum theory. Using the latter, we explain and calculate a process-independent running-coupling for QCD, a new type of effective charge that is an analogue of the Gell-Mann--Low effective coupling in quantum electrodynamics. The result is almost identical to the process-dependent effective charge defined via the Bjorken sum rule, which provides one of the most basic constraints on our knowledge of nucleon spin structure. This reveals the Bjorken sum to be a near direct means by which to gain empirical insight into QCD's Gell-Mann--Low effective charge.
Unquenching the Quark Model

The formalism for a new generation of unquenched quark models for baryons in which the effects of quark–antiquark pairs are taken into account in an explicit form via a microscopic, QCD-inspired, quark–antiquark creation mechanism, is presented. As an application the quark–antiquark contribution to the spin of the proton and the Σ+ is discussed. Finally the strangeness radius of the Σ+ in the closure limit is calculated.
Multiparticle entanglement criteria for nonsymmetric collective variances

We introduce a general scheme to detect various multiparticle entanglement structures from global non-permutationally invariant observables. In particular, we derive bounds on the variance of non-permutationally invariant and collective operators for the verification of $k$-party entanglement. For a family of observables related to the spin structure factor, we give quantitative bounds on entanglement that are independent of the total number of particles. We introduce highly non-symmetric states with genuine multipartite entanglement that is verifiable with the presented technique and discuss how they can be prepared with trapped ions exploiting the high degree of control in these systems. As a special case, our framework provides an alternative approach to obtain a tight relaxation of the entanglement criterion by S{\o} rensen and M{\o} lmer [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4431 (2001)] that is free from technical assumptions and allows to calculate the bounds with an improved scaling in the detectable depth.
Molecular dynamics simulations of surface modification formations on polycrystalline Cu under high electric fields

Vacuum breakdowns in particle accelerators and other devices operating at high electric fields is a common problem in the operation of these devices. It has been proposed that the onset of vacuum breakdowns is associated with appearance of surface protrusions while the device is in operation under high electric field. Moreover, the breakdown tolerance of an electrode material was correlated with the type of lattice structure of the material. In the current paper we conduct molecular dynamics simulations of nanocrystalline copper surfaces and show the possibility of protrusion growth under the stress exerted on the surface by an applied electrostatic field. We show the importance of grain boundaries on the protrusion formation and establish a linear relationship between the necessary electrostatic stress for protrusion formation and the temperature of the system. We show that time for protrusion formation increases with the lowering electrostatic field and give the Arrhenius extrapolation to the case of lower fields. General discussion of the protrusion formation mechanisms in the case of polycrystalline copper surfaces is presented.
An Initial Look at the Far-Infrared-Radio Correlation within Nearby Star-forming Galaxies Using the Spitzer Space Telescope

We present an initial look at the far-infrared-radio correlation within the star-forming disks of four nearby, nearly face-on galaxies (NGC 2403, NGC 3031, NGC 5194, and NGC 6946). Using Spitzer MIPS imaging, observed as part of the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey (SINGS), and Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) radio continuum data, taken for the WSRT SINGS radio continuum survey, we are able to probe variations in the logarithmic 24 μm/22 cm (q24) and 70 μm/22 cm (q70) surface brightness ratios across each disk at subkiloparsec scales. We find general trends of decreasing q24 and q70 with declining surface brightness and with increasing radius. The residual dispersion around the trend of q24 and q70 versus surface brightness is smaller than the residual dispersion around the trend of q24 and q70 versus radius, on average by ~0.1 dex, indicating that the distribution of star formation sites is more important in determining the infrared/radio disk appearance than the exponential profiles of disks. We have also performed preliminary phenomenological modeling of cosmic-ray electron (CR electron) diffusion using an image-smearing technique and find that smoothing the infrared maps improves their correlation with the radio maps. We find that exponential smoothing kernels work marginally better than Gaussian kernels, independent of projection for these nearly face-on galaxies. This result suggests that additional processes besides simple random walk diffusion in three dimensions must affect the evolution of CR electrons. The best-fit smoothing kernels for the two less active star-forming galaxies (NGC 2403 and NGC 3031) have much larger scale lengths than those of the more active star-forming galaxies (NGC 5194 and NGC 6946). This difference may be due to the relative deficit of recent CR electron injection into the interstellar medium for the galaxies that have largely quiescent disks.
Properties of dust in the detached shells around U Antilae, DR Serpentis, and V644 Scorpii

Context. Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars experience strong mass loss driven by dust particles formed in the upper atmospheres. The dust is released into the interstellar medium, and replenishes galaxies with synthesised material from the star. The dust grains further act as seeds for continued dust growth in the diffuse medium of galaxies. As such, understanding the properties of dust produced during the asymptotic giant branch phase of stellar evolution is important for understanding the evolution of stars and galaxies. Recent observations of the carbon AGB star R Scl have shown that observations at far-infrared and submillimetre wavelengths can effectively constrain the grain sizes in the shell, while the total mass depends on the structure of the grains (solid vs. hollow or fluffy). Aims. We aim to constrain the properties of the dust observed in the submillimetre in the detached shells around the three carbon AGB stars U Ant, DR Ser, and V644 Sco, and to investigate the constraints on the dust masses and grain sizes provided by far-infrared and submm observations. Methods. We observed the carbon AGB stars U Ant, DR Ser, and V644 Sco at 870 μm using LABOCA on APEX. Combined with observations from the optical to far-infrared, we produced dust radiative transfer models of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with contributions from the stars, present-day mass-loss and detached shells. We assume spherical, solid dust grains, and test the effect of different total dust masses and grain sizes on the SED, and attempted to consistently reproduce the SEDs from the optical to the submm. Results. We derive dust masses in the shells of a few 10−5 M ⊙. The best-fit grain radii are comparatively large, and indicate the presence of grains between 0.1 μm and 2 μm. The LABOCA observations suffer from contamination from 12CO (3 − 2), and hence gives fluxes that are higher than the predicted dust emission at submm wavelengths. We investigate the effect on the best-fitting models by assuming different degrees of contamination and show that far-infrared and submillimetre observations are important to constrain the dust mass and grain sizes in the shells. Conclusions. Spatially resolved observations of the detached shells in the far-infrared and submillimetre effectively constrain the temperatures in the shells, and hence the grain sizes. The dust mass is also constrained by the observations, but additional observations are needed to constrain the structure of the grains.
Super-solar Metallicity Stars in the Galactic Center Nuclear Star Cluster: Unusual Sc, V, and Y Abundances

We present adaptive-optics assisted near-infrared high-spectral-resolution observations of late-type giants in the nuclear star cluster of the Milky Way. The metallicity and elemental abundance measurements of these stars offer us an opportunity to understand the formation and evolution of the nuclear star cluster. In addition, their proximity to the supermassive black hole (∼0.5 pc) offers a unique probe of the star formation and chemical enrichment in this extreme environment. We observed two stars identified by medium spectral-resolution observations as potentially having very high metallicities. We use spectral-template fitting with the PHOENIX grid and Bayesian inference to simultaneously constrain the overall metallicity, [M/H], alpha-element abundance [α/Fe], effective temperature, and surface gravity of these stars. We find that one of the stars has very high metallicity ([M/H] > 0.6) and the other is slightly above solar metallicity. Both Galactic center stars have lines from scandium (Sc), vanadium (V), and yttrium (Y) that are much stronger than allowed by the PHOENIX grid. We find, using the spectral synthesis code Spectroscopy Made Easy, that [Sc/Fe] may be an order of magnitude above solar. For comparison, we also observed an empirical calibrator in NGC 6791, the highest metallicity cluster known ([M/H] ∼ 0.4). Most lines are well matched between the calibrator and the Galactic center stars, except for Sc, V, and Y, which confirms that their abundances must be anomalously high in these stars. These unusual abundances, which may be a unique signature of nuclear star clusters, offer an opportunity to test models of chemical enrichment in this region.
Brightened spin-triplet interlayer excitons and optical selection rules in van der Waals heterobilayers

We investigate the optical properties of spin-triplet interlayer excitons in heterobilayer transition metal dichalcogenides in comparison with the spin-singlet ones. Surprisingly, the optical transition dipole of the spin-triplet exciton is found to be in the same order of magnitude to that of the spin-singlet exciton, in sharp contrast to the monolayer excitons where the spin-triplet species is considered as dark compared to the singlet. Unlike the monolayer excitons whose spin-conserved (spin-flip) transition dipole can only couple to light of in-plane (out-of-plane) polarisation, such restriction is removed for the interlayer excitons due to the breaking of the out-of-plane mirror symmetry. We find that as the interlayer atomic registry changes, the optical transition dipole of interlayer exciton crosses between in-plane ones of opposite circular polarizations and the out-of-plane one for both the spin-triplet and spin-singlet species. As a result, excitons of both species have non-negligible coupling into photon modes of both in-plane and out-of-plane propagations, another sharp difference from the monolayers where the exciton couples predominantly into the out-of-plane propagation channel. At given atomic registry, the spin-triplet and spin-singlet excitons have distinct valley polarisation selection rules, allowing the selective optical addressing of both the valley configuration and the spin-singlet/triplet configuration of interlayer excitons.
Single-Phase Single-Stage Bidirectional DAB AC–DC Converter With Extended ZVS Range and High Efficiency

Conventional analyzations on the dual active bridge-based single-phase single-stage ac–dc converter relies on the line-piecewise model with which power switches are viewed as ideal and the commutation process between the top and bottom switch in each bridge leg are ignored. Although many soft-switching have been proposed, the effects of the commutation process make them inaccurate because of the difference between the line-piecewise model-based theoretical waveforms and the real ones. In this article, the commutation process is described in view of the nonlinearity of the switch junction capacitance, the commutation delay time and the dead time of each bridge leg. Furthermore, the control variables are compensated with the commutation delay time so that the zero voltage switching (ZVS) range can be extended widely. The variable dead time control helps to achieve critical turn-on, reducing the body diode conduction loss. Finally, a 1-kW prototype is built to evaluate the proposed method can achieve extend ZVS and achieve high conversion efficiency.
PDNNs: The parallel deep neural networks for the Navier–Stokes equations coupled with heat equation

Deep learning has achieved noteworthy success in various applications. There is a new trend of adopting deep learning methods to study partial differential equations (PDEs). In this article, we use a kind of parallel deep neural networks (PDNNs) to approximate the solution of the Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the heat equation. The approach embeds the PDE formula into the loss function of the neural networks and the resulting networks is trained to meet the equations along with the boundary conditions. Moreover, the approximate ability of the PDNNs is demonstrated by the theoretical analysis of convergence. Finally, we present numerous numerical examples to verify effectiveness of the PDNNs, in which the viscosity ν$$ \nu $$ is a constant, a function dependent on the space variable and a function of the temperature θ$$ \theta $$ .
Servant Leadership Characteristics of School Teachers and Its Effect on Student Success and Organizational Health in Selected Public Schools

This study utilized a survey to explore the relationships between servant leadership characteristics of school teachers, student success, and organizational health in selected public schools. This study hypothesized that the servant leadership of school teachers would positively affect student success and the organizational health of public schools. The Organizational Leadership Assessment was used (Laub, 1999) to collect data from fifteen public schools in Houston, Texas. Data were screened for normality, linearity, and homoscedasticity to ensure that the regression results were robust, and univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the nature of the relationship between organizational health and servant leadership. Descriptive analysis explained variance in dependent and independent variables. The values people subscale was statistically significant.
The Wide-Angle ROSAT Pointed X-Ray Survey of Galaxies, Groups, and Clusters. I. Method and First Results

We have embarked on a survey of ROSAT PSPC archival data with the aim of detecting all significant surface brightness enhancements resulting from sources in the innermost R ≤ 15' of the PSPC field of view in the energy band 0.5-2.0 keV. This project is part of the Wide-Angle ROSAT Pointed Survey (WARPS), and it is designed primarily to measure the low-luminosity, high-redshift, X-ray luminosity function of galaxy clusters and groups. The approach we have chosen for source detection (Voronoi Tessellation and Percolation [VTP]) represents a significant advance over conventional methods, and it is particularly suited for the detection and accurate quantification of extended and/or low surface brightness emission that could otherwise be missed or wrongly interpreted. We also use energy-dependent exposure maps to estimate the fluxes of sources that can amount to corrections of as much as 15%. In an extensive optical follow-up program, we are identifying galaxies, groups, and clusters at redshifts ranging from z ~ 0.1 to z ~ 0.7. In this paper, we present our method and its calibration using simulated and real data. We present first results for an initial 91 fields (17.2 deg2) at detected fluxes greater than 3.5 × 10-14 ergs s-1 cm-2 (the WARPS-I survey). We find the sky density of extended objects to be in the range 2.8-4.0 ( ± 0.4) deg-2. A comparison with a point-source detection algorithm demonstrates that our VTP approach typically finds 1-2 more objects deg-2 to this detected flux limit, suggesting that the conventional method fails to detect a significant fraction of extended objects. The surface brightness limit of the WARPS cluster survey is ~1 × 10-15 ergs s-1 cm-2 arcmin-2, approximately 6 times lower than the Extended Medium Sensitivity Survey (EMSS). The WARPS Log N-Log S (which currently represents a lower limit) shows a significant excess over previous measurements for S ≳ 8 × 10-14 ergs s-1 cm-2. We attribute this mainly to a larger measured flux from extended sources as well as new detections of low surface brightness systems in the WARPS.
Solving the KdV-BURGERS-KURAMOTO Equation by a Combination Method

Based on the analysis on the characteristics of the KdV equation, Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation and KdV-Burgers-Kuramoto equation, a combination method is proposed to construct the explicit exact solutions for the KdV-Burgers-Kuramoto equation by combining with those of the KdV equation and Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation. As a result, many explicit exact solutions to the KdV-Burgers-Kuramoto equation are successfully derived by this approach.
INTEGRAL Observations of GW170104

We used data from the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) to set upper limits on the γ-ray and hard X-ray prompt emission associated with the gravitational-wave event GW170104, discovered by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo collaboration. The unique omnidirectional viewing capability of the instruments on board INTEGRAL allowed us to examine the full 90% confidence level localization region of the LIGO trigger. Depending on the particular spectral model assumed and the specific position within this region, the upper limits inferred from the INTEGRAL observations range from Fγ = 1.9 × 10−7 erg cm−2 to Fγ = 10−6 erg cm−2 (75 keV–2 MeV energy range). This translates into a ratio between the prompt energy released in γ-rays along the direction to the observer and the gravitational-wave energy of Eγ/EGW < 2.6 × 10−5. Using the INTEGRAL results, we cannot confirm the γ-ray proposed counterpart to GW170104 by the Astro—Rivelatore Gamma a Immagini Leggero (AGILE) team with the mini-Calorimeter (MCAL) instrument. The reported flux of the AGILE/MCAL event, E2, is not compatible with the INTEGRAL upper limits within most of the 90% LIGO localization region. There is only a relatively limited portion of the sky where the sensitivity of the INTEGRAL instruments was not optimal and the lowest-allowed fluence estimated for E2 would still be compatible with the INTEGRAL results. This region was also observed independently by Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor and AstroSAT, from which, as far as we are aware, there are no reports of any significant detection of a prompt high-energy event.