Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Logical support for modularisation

: Modularisation is important for managing the complex structures that arise in large theorem proving problems, and in large software and/or hardware development projects. This paper studies some properties of logical systems that support the de(cid:12)nition, combination, parameterisation and reuse of modules. Our results show some new connections among: (1) the preservation of various kinds of conservative extension under pushouts; (2) various distributive laws for information hiding over sums; and (3) (Craig style) interpolation properties. In addition, we study di(cid:11)erences between syntactic and semantic formulations of conservative extension properties, and of distributive laws. A model theoretic property that we call exactness plays an important r^ole in some results. This paper explores the interplay between syntax and semantics, and thus lies in the tradition of abstract model theory. We represent logical systems as institutions. An important technical foundation is a new axiomatisation of the notion of inclusion. We also show how to subsume the deduction-based approach of (cid:25)-institutions under that of ordinary institutions. Our results illuminatesome interesting di(cid:11)erences between equational style logics and (cid:12)rst order style logics, encouraging us to conclude that, on the whole, equational style logics may be more suitable for modularisation than (cid:12)rst order style logics.
Development of a Human Sensibility Evaluation and Biofeedback System using PPG

This study describes a system for human sensibility evaluation using PPG(photoplethysmogram) signal and biofeedback algorithm to respond the bad(negative) mood. For this objective, PPG signals for two emotional states(positive/negative) are collected. To evoke the test emotions, happy(or joyful) and sad(or irritating) movie files are collected and played in subjects' monitor. From the acquired PPG signal, the heart rate variability(HRV) is calculated. Using the HRV and its FFT spectra, the human sensibility is evaluated. Since the heart is a representative organ which is controlled by the autonomic nervous system(ANS), the ANS may reflect the changes in emotion. The biofeedback algorithm is designed with motion image player interacting with the results of the sensibility evaluation. It was shown that HRV was changed according to the subject's emotions. Accordingly, the sensibility evaluation test showed feasibility of the our method.
Murine corneal stroma cells inhibit LPS-induced dendritic cell maturation partially through TGF-β2 secretion in vitro

Purpose The peripheral cornea contains mature and immature resident dendritic cells (DCs) while the central cornea is exclusively equipped with immature DCs. There must be some factors that cause immature DCs. This study investigated whether corneal stroma cells (CSCs) inhibit DC maturation by secreting cytokines. Methods The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein level of transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2) was analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immature DCs were induced to mature in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and with concentrations of CSC culture supernatant (containing and not containing neutralizing TGF-β2 antibodies). Then, the DC phenotypic and functional maturation were analyzed. Results CSCs exhibited positive expressions of TGF-β2 mRNA and secreted high concentrations of TGF-β2 protein. In the presence of LPS, DCs, which were treated with a CSC culture supernatant, displayed reduced expressions of cluster of differentiation 80 (CD80), CD86, and major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, treated DCs showed lower T-cell stimulation capacity and a higher endocytosis function. However, these phenotypic and functional modifications were partially reversed after the application of neutralizing TGF-β2 antibodies. Conclusions This study demonstrates that CSCs can partially inhibit LPS-induced DC maturation through TGF-β2 secretion in vitro.
Public Key Encryption Supporting Equality Test and Flexible Authorization without Bilinear Pairings

In recent years, public key encryption with equality test (PKEET) has be- come a hot research topic in the cryptography community due to the advancement of cloud computing. Recently, Ma et al. proposed a new related primitive, called public key encryp- tion with equality test supporting flexible authorization (PKEET-FA), and constructed a concrete scheme. In their proposal, four types of authorization were presented to support different authorization policies. However, their proposal is based on bilinear pairings which are time costing operations compared with modular exponentiations. In this paper, we present a new PKEET-FA scheme without bilinear pairings. Compared with the existing work, our proposal is more efficient.
Poor response to treatment of renal anaemia with erythropoietin corrected by iron given intravenously.

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Development of a Schedulability Analysis Framework Based on pTPN and UPPAAL with Stopwatches

This paper proposes an original schedulability framework which is based on preemptive Time Petri Nets (pTPNs) and UPPAAL with stopwatches (UPPAALSW). The realization enables a real-time tasking set, along with precedence constraints in the form of data control, message passing etc., to be uniformly formalized using pTPNs and then analyzed through model checking using UPPAALSW in the presence of a reusable library of template processes modelling transitions of the source pTPNs specification and the scheduler algorithm which can be based on fixed priority or earliest deadline first. The paper first introduces and motivates the proposed approach by relating it to similar work described in literature, then summarizes the pTPNs formalism through a modelling example. After that the prototyped library in UPPAALSW is presented and put to work for model checking the chosen real-time tasking set. Analysis of models which depend e.g. on non deterministic execution times and sporadic arrival times of tasks, is conditioned by the use of an over approximation in the generation of the model state graph.
Optimizing Time and Resource Allocation Trade‐Offs for Investment into Morphological and Behavioral Defense

Prey organisms are confronted with time and resource allocation trade‐offs. Time allocation trade‐offs partition time, for example, between foraging effort to acquire resources and behavioral defense. Resource allocation trade‐offs partition the acquired resources between multiple traits, such as growth or morphological defense. We develop a mathematical model for prey organisms that comprise time and resource allocation trade‐offs for multiple defense traits. Fitness is determined by growth and survival during ontogeny. We determine optimal defense strategies for environments that differ in their resource abundance, predation risk, and defense effectiveness. We compare the results with results of simplified models where single defense traits are optimized. Our results indicate that selection acts in favor of integrated traits. The selective advantage of expressing multiple defense traits is most pronounced at intermediate environmental conditions. Optimizing single traits generally leads to a more pronounced response of the defense traits, which implies that studying single traits leads to an overestimation of their response to predation. Behavioral defense and morphological defense compensate for and augment each other depending on predator densities and the effectiveness of the defense mechanisms. In the presence of time constraints, the model shows peak investment into morphological and behavioral defense at intermediate resource levels.
On Hamiltonian Triangulations in Simple Polygons

An n-vertex simple polygon P is said to have a Hamiltonian Triangulation if it has a triangulation whose dual graph contains a hamiltonian path. Such triangulations are useful in fast rendering engines in Computer Graphics. We give a new characterization of polygons with hamiltonian triangulations and use it to devise O(n log n)-time algorithms to recognize such polygons. We also give efficient algorithms for several related problems.
Intrinsic resistance to apoptosis of colon epithelial cells is a potential determining factor in the susceptibility of the A/J mouse strain to dimethylhydrazine‐induced colon tumorigenesis

Alterations in the delicate balance between cell proliferation and cell death disrupt colon homeostasis and serve as determining factors in colon tumorigenesis. The two mouse strains, AKR/J (resistant) and A/J (susceptible), have been widely used as models for dimethylhydrazine‐induced colon tumorigenesis. This study examined whether the differential susceptibilities of the two mouse strains to the tumorigenic effect of dimethylhydrazine were associated with intrinsic differences in the apoptotic machinery of the colon epithelial cells. While acute exposure to dimethylhydrazine caused massive apoptosis of colon epithelial cells in AKR/J mice, the effect was considerably less in A/J mice. Apoptosis in AKR/J mice occurred not only in the luminal side of the mucosa but also deep in the colonic crypts. In addition, this apoptosis appeared to involve caspase‐3. The increased sensitivity of AKR/J to dimethylhydrazine was associated with a persistent expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) but not of its receptors. After establishing a new method for isolating primary colon epithelial cells, we determined that cells derived from A/J mice were substantially more resistant to apoptosis in response to dimethylhydrazine or to a combination of TNF, cyclohexamide, and butyrate compared to cells from AKR/J mice. These results strongly suggest that a higher intrinsic resistance to apoptosis of colon epithelial cells may be an important determinant of predisposition to colon tumorigenesis in the A/J mouse strain. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Adaptive Energy Aware Node Scheduling Scheme In Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks

 Abstract: This paper evaluates the Clustering as a energy and coverage enhancement approach for WSN.The paper includes the proposed scheme which is an amendment to LEACH protocol named as AENCS . As a modification to this scheme it involves a unique TDMA scheduling to enhance lifetime and scalability of network . The algorithm employs a distinct steady state phase which is successfully incorporated rotation of cluster heads in order to ensure balance in energy consumption and coverage requirements which can ultimately lead to enhancing the quality of service (QoS) related to the surveillance which in turn leads in maximizing lifetime of network.
Analysis of the relation between printed strip monopole and dielectric coated thin cylindrical monopole

Recently, printed type antennas are used widely in communication systems since they are low cost and produced easily. Firstly Hallen exposed the relation between thin cylindrical and strip monopole. Then this equivalent radius concept was applied to printed monopole antenna. In this paper relation between printed strip monopole and dielectric coated thin cylindrical monopole has been analyzed analytically and supported numerically.
A Receiver-Based Routing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Enabled AMI Networks

It is expected that the use of cognitive radio for smart grid communication will be indispensable in near future. Recently, RPL for cognitive radio enabled Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) networks is attractive. Our objective in this paper is to propose an enhance RPL to improve efficiency and reliability of cognitive radio enabled AMI networks. Our protocol is receiver-based in nature, which can achieve better reliability of the network along with protecting the primary users as well as meeting the utility requirements of secondary network. System level performance evaluation shows the effectiveness of proposed protocol as a viable solution for practical cognitive AMI networks.
University of Glasgow at TREC 2009: Experiments with Terrier

Abstract : In TREC 2009, we extend our Voting Model for the faceted blog distillation, top stories identification, and related entity finding tasks. Moreover, we experiment with our novel xQuAD framework for search result diversification. Besides fostering our research in multiple directions, by participating in such a wide portfolio of tracks, we further develop the indexing and retrieval capabilities of our Terrier Information Retrieval platform, to effectively and efficiently cope with a new generation of large-scale test collections.
On the Diversity Enhancement and Power Balancing of Per-Subcarrier Antenna Selection in OFDM Systems

In this paper, we consider multi-carrier systems with multiple transmit antennas under a power balancing constraint. Applying transmit antenna selection and discrete rate adaptive modulation using M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) according to the channel variation per subcarrier, we develop an optimal antenna selection scheme in terms of maximum spectral efficiency where all the possible grouping to send the same information bearing signals in a group of subcarriers are searched and the groups of subcarriers to provide the frequency diversity gain are formed. In addition, we propose a suboptimal method to reduce the computational complexity of the optimal method. The suboptimal scheme consider only the subcarriers under outage and those are combined sequentially until it meets a required SNR. Numerical results show that the proposed suboptimal method with diversity combining outperforms the optimal antenna selection without diversity combining, especially for low SNR region and offers the spectral efficiency close to that of the optimal method with diversity combining, while maintaining lower complexity.
Child survival in relation to mother's HIV infection and survival: evidence from a Ugandan cohort study

Objective: To analyse the contribution of maternal survival and HIV status to child (under-5 years) mortality in a rural population cohort in South-west Uganda. Methods: Approximately 10 000 people residing in 15 neighbouring villages were followed between 1989 and 2000 using annual censuses and serological surveys to collect data on births, deaths, and adult HIV serostatus. Mother–child records were linked, child mortality risks (per 1000 births) and hazard ratios (HRs) for child mortality according to maternal HIV serostatus were computed, allowing for time-varying covariates. Results: A total of 3727 children were born, of whom 415 died during 14 110 child years of follow-up. Mother's HIV status at birth was ascertained unambiguously for 3004 children, of whom 218 were born to HIV-positive mothers. Infant mortality risk was higher for HIV seropositive than seronegative mothers (225 versus 53) as was child mortality risk (313 versus 114). Child mortality risk was also higher for mothers who died (571) than for surviving mothers (128). After controlling for child's age and sex, independent predictors of mortality in children were: mother's terminal illness or death (HR = 3.8); mother being HIV positive (HR = 3.2); child being a twin (HR = 2.0); teenage motherhood (HR = 1.7) and maternal absence (HR = 1.7). Conclusion: Maternal survival and HIV status are strong predictors of child survival. The higher mortality in HIV-infected women compounds mortality risks for their children, regardless of children's HIV status. Programmes aimed at the welfare of children should take into account the independent effect of mothers’ HIV and vital status.
The Representation of Derivable Information in Memory: When What Might Have Been Left Unsaid Is Said

It is now widely accepted that natural language comprehension is a constructive process. Information in discourse interacts with a variety of impinging contextual factors (including, most prominently, the comprehender's pre-existing knowledge) in an active, creative process that results in understandings not derivable by any solely linguistic or logical analysis (c.f., Bransford & McCarrell, 1975; Spiro, 1977, in press). Acceptance of the constructive view of comprehension entails a concomitant delimitation of the range of possible theories of mental representation. Knowledge structures must possess some capability for detecting the pragmatic, as well as logical, implications of the incomplete data contained in discourse (c.f., Charniak, 1974; Mlnsky, 1975; Rumelhart & Ortony, 1977; Schank & Abelson, 1977). In other words, knowledge structures must contain considerable information about the way the world usually works. This characteristic of representation is useful and efficient because natural and social contexts do produce sufficient constraints on worldly events and ideas as to make them, to a limited extent, orderly and predictable.
Increasing Asian American participation in clinical trials by addressing community concerns

Background Asian Americans are underrepresented in clinical trials, but little is known about the factors that contribute to clinical trial participation in this population. Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify knowledge, barriers, facilitators, and cultural influences on participating in clinical trials among three Asian American ethnic groups. Concurrently, we sought to identify mechanisms and messages to facilitate dissemination of information and to identify strategies to promote clinical trial participation in this population. Methods Eight focus groups were conducted (n = 103) with Chinese (four groups), Korean (two groups), and Vietnamese (two groups) Americans. Each group was conducted with a moderator and a translator using a standardized guide. Results Participants discuss the benefits of contributing to science, future generations, and their families by being in clinical trials. Some participants think clinical trials would give hope to those with terminal illnesses. A doctor’s recommendation, being sick, and needing more options for treatment are motivators for Asian Americans. Having some guarantee of treatment effectiveness and lack of side effects facilitates participation. Cultural or religious beliefs are not believed to prevent clinical trial participation. Limitations This qualitative, two-site study included three Asian American ethnic groups and is not meant to establish prevalence of beliefs. Conclusion Asian Americans need more information about clinical trials and their benefits to science and the larger community. Health-care providers can play pivotal roles in enhancing recruitment of Asian Americans. Basing recruitment goals on percentage representation in most US geographic areas does not provide sufficient numbers to allow for analysis of minorities like Asian American groups. The discovery of important group-specific harms and benefits depends on greater participation of racial/ethnic subgroups.
High Energy Radiation Generated at Boundary Shear Layers of Relativistic Jets

Abstract A simple model of cosmic ray electron acceleration at the jet boundary yields a power law particle energy distribution of ultra-relativistic electrons with an energy cut-off growing with time, and, finally, a growing particle bump at the energy where energy gains equal radiation losses. For such electron distribution, in tens-of-kpc scale jets, we derived the observed time-varying spectra of synchrotron and inverse Compton radiation, including Comptonisation of synchrotron and cosmic microwave background photons. Slowly varying spectral index along the jet in the ‘low frequency’ spectral range is a natural consequence of boundary layer acceleration. Variations of the high energy bump of the electron distribution can give rise to anomalous behaviour in the X-ray band in comparison to the lower frequencies.
Non-linear versus non-gaussian volatility models in application to different financial markets

We used neural-network based modelling to generalize the linear econometric return models and compare their out-of-sample predictive ability in terms of different performance measures under three density specifications. As error measures we used the likelihood values on the test sets as well as standard volatility measures. The empirical analysis was based on return series of stock indices from different financial markets. The results indicate that for all markets there was found no improvement in the forecast by non-linear models over linear ones, while nongaussian models significantly dominate the gaussian models with respect to most performance measures. The likelihood performance measure mostly favours the linear model with Student-t distribution, but the significance of its superiority differs between the markets. (author's abstract)