Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Graph-coloring and treescan register allocation using repairing

Graph coloring and linear scan are two appealing techniques for register allocation as the underlying formalism are extremely clean and simple. This paper advocates a decoupled approach that first lowers the register pressure by spilling variables, and then performs live ranges splitting/coalescing /coloring in a separate phase; this enables the design of simpler, cleaner, and more efficient register allocators. This paper gives a new and more general approach to deal with register constraints. This approach called repairing does not require pre live range splitting and does not introduce additional spill code. It ignores register constraints during coloring/coalescing, and repairs violated constraints afterwards. We applied this method to both graph based and scan based allocators into a decoupled approach. Here, the Iterated Register Coalescer (IRC) and a scan algorithm that uses Static Single Assignment (SSA) properties, the trees can. Moreover, this paper provides a survey on existing and new techniques of bias coloring during scan approaches. Our experimental evaluation shows for the graph based approach, that we reduced the number of vertices (edges) in the interference graph by 26% (33%) without compromising the quality of the generated code. The treescan algorithm improved the compile time of the allocation process by 6.97× over IRC while providing comparable results for the quality of the generated code.
Effects of Center-Based Early Childhood Education Programs on Children’s Language, Literacy, and Math Skills: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis

This study examines effects of early childhood education (ECE) programs on children’s language, literacy, and math skills using a meta-analytic database that includes information about evaluations conducted between 1960 and 2007 for children between birth and 5 years of age. The study extends upon prior syntheses by examining treatment effects separately on language, literacy, and math outcomes. Findings indicate that ECE attendance has small-to-moderate impacts of between 1/10 to 1/3 of a standard deviation on children’s language, literacy, and math skills. An additional boost of about 1/2 of a standard deviation is provided by programs that have explicit instructional focus on language, literacy, and math skills relative to “business as usual” ECE. ECE programs confer larger impacts on Black and White children’s language skills. Policy suggestions include the provision of a uniform ECE experience for all children; having a more differentiated instruction in elementary school suitable for children with a varied knowledge base in language, literacy and math skills; and providing teachers with curricula focused on the development of language, literacy, and math skills.
Biological network comparison via Ipsen-Mikhailov distance

Highlighting similarities and differences between networks is an informative task in investigating many biological processes. Typical examples are detecting differences between an inferred network and the corresponding gold standard, or evaluating changes in a dynamic network along time. Although fruitful insights can be drawn by qualitative or feature-based methods, a distance must be used whenever a quantitative assessment is required. Here we introduce the Ipsen-Mikhailov metric for biological network comparison, based on the difference of the distributions of the Laplacian eigenvalues of the compared graphs. Being a spectral measure, its focus is on the general structure of the net so it can overcome the issues affecting local metrics such as the edit distances. Relation with the classical Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) is discussed, showing the finer discriminant resolution achieved by the Ipsen-Mikhailov metric. We conclude with three examples of application in functional genomic tasks, including stability of network reconstruction as robustness to data subsampling, variability in dynamical networks and differences in networks associated to a classification task.
Study on cell characteristics of PRAM using the phase-change simulation

In this paper, we present a new simulation methodology for analyzing cell characteristics of the chalcogenide based phase-change device, PRAM (Phase-change Random Access Memory), which is the future-generation non-volatile memory. Using the new simulation methodology, we analyze the effect of process variation, which is the most sensitive factor to operate the cell of PRAM.
Assembly of nanodevices with carbon nanotubes through nanorobotic manipulations

Properties and potential applications of carbon nanotubes are summarized by emphasizing the aspects of nanoelectronics and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). The main technologies for the assembly of nanodevices through nanomanipulations with scanning probe microscopes and nanorobotic manipulators are overviewed, focusing on that of nanotubes. Key techniques for nanoassembly include the preparation of nano building blocks and property characterization of them, the positioning of the building blocks with nanometer-scale resolution, and the connection of them. Nanorobotic manipulations, which are characterized by multiple degrees of freedom (DOFs) with both position and orientation control, independently actuated multiprobes, and a real-time observation system, are one of the most promising technologies for assembling complex nanodevices in three-dimensional space. With a nano laboratory, a prototype nanomanufacturing system based on a 16-DOF nanorobotic manipulation system, the assembly of nanodevices with multiwalled carbon nanotubes are presented. Nanotube-based building blocks are prepared by directly picking up, in situ property characterization, destructive fabrication, and shape modifications. Kinds of nanotube junctions, the fundamental elements for both nanoelectronics and NEMS, are constructed by positioning the building blocks together under the real-time observation with a field-emission scanning electron microscope, connecting them with naturally existing van der Waals forces, electron-beam-induced deposition, or mechanochemical bonding.
Nonstandard Employing Knowledge Worker's Organization Commitment: A Comparative Research Based on Different Employment Types

Recent years, nonstandard employment has been coming an important method for organization to increase the flexible ability. Especial the nonstandard employing knowledge workers have been the vital part of organization's core competition. However nonstandard employing knowledge workers have their particular attitudinal situation. Organization commitment is the most important one. This research investigates the difference between standard and nonstandard employment knowledge worker's organization commitment and among different nonstandard employment types by empirical study. The results show the standard employment knowledge workers' organization commitment are higher than nonstandard employee's, and among the nonstandard employment types, the organization commitments are different.
Cooperation based spectrum management scheme in ad-hoc cognitive radio system

In cognitive radio (CR) ad-hoc systems, the performance of system can be increased by using cooperation between cognitive users. In this paper, we compare three cooperation schemes for CR ad-hoc systems which are non-cooperation, sensing-cooperation and full-cooperation of sensing and band, in which the spectrum information or the band can be cooperatively shared among cognitive users. Unlike other cooperative sensing schemes which focus on cooperative sensing on single band, our cooperation model focuses on cooperative sensing on multiple bands. We propose the concept of spectrum pool which is the common knowledge on spectrum among cognitive users and this spectrum pool is maintained by sharing sensing results of sensing users on different bands. Given that the cognitive users have more information on the spectrum compared to the case when there is no information sharing, the number of sensing attempts to find vacant band can be reduced and the performance of CR system can be improved. We analyze the performance of three cooperation schemes by using game theory and state transition diagram. Through simulation, we show that our analysis is well matched to simulation results. We also find that the throughput can be improved by utilizing spectrum pool and the throughput can be deteriorated due to the selfish behavior of cognitive users when band can be shared by the cognitive users.
Requirements and biometric technology matching: two approaches from European projects

At the moment, many multimodal biometric schemes and initiatives are carried out. Either still experimental or towards full implementation. On the other hand, relatively little attention is given to the operational environment analysis including user and system requirements, impact caused by specific choice of biometric technologies, related security and privacy aspects of the processes, divergence between biometrics suppliers, etc. In this paper, we focus on some of these issues, investigated in two different European projects: secure phone and secure justice
ON DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIP AMONG GOLD PRICE , OIL PRICE , EXCHANGE RATE AND STOCK MARKET RETURNS

The dynamic and complex relationship among economic variables has attracted the researchers, policy makers and business people alike. This study is an attempt to test the dynamic relationship among gold price, stock returns, exchange rate and oil price. All these variables have witnessed significant changes over time and hence, it is absolutely necessary to validate the relationship periodically. This study takes daily data from 2nd January 1998 to 5th June 2011, constituting 3485 observations. Using techniques of time series the study tried to capture dynamic and stable relationship among these variables using vector autoregressive and cointegration technique. The results show that exchange rate is highly affected by changes in other variables. However, stock market has fewer roles in affecting the exchange rate. In this study we tested two models and one model suggests that there is weak long term relationship among variables. JEL classification: C22; E3;
organisations: a model for change management

Presents a preliminary framework for making sense of and managing change in organisations that have adopted information systems and e-commerce as a core element of their business strategy. Argues that the relatively low level of organisational benefits realised by typical strategic information technology interventions over the past decade is often a product of poor adoption and implementation practices on the part of senior managers and IT practitioners, who have failed to understand the non-linear and emergent nature of change in complex organisations. Argues that a clear understanding of the dynamics of change at the people/technology interface, and the symbiotic relationship between information systems and strategy, is a prerequisite for the successful business benefits realisation for major IT and e-business projects. Distils lessons learned from reflections on theories-in-use and practice into a basic model for senior managers and IT practitioners.
Heterogeneity of Hippocampal GABAA Receptors: Regulation by Corticosterone

Chronic stressors produce changes in hippocampal neurochemistry, neuronal morphology, and hippocampal-dependent learning and memory processes. In rats, stress-induced changes in CA3 apical dendritic structure are mediated by corticosterone (CORT) acting, in part, on excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. CORT also alters GABA-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission, so the GABAA receptor system may also contribute to dendritic remodeling and other stress-related changes in hippocampal function. A previous study indicated that chronic CORT treatment produces complex changes in GABAA receptor subunit mRNA levels, so we hypothesized that CORT alters the pharmacological properties of hippocampal GABAA receptors. To test this, adult male rats were treated with CORT or vehicle pellets for 10 d, after which we quantified [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate ([35S]TBPS) and [3H]flunitrazepam binding to GABAAreceptors using in vitro receptor autoradiography. Pharmacological properties of receptors were assessed by examining the allosteric regulation of binding at both sites by GABA and 5α-pregnane-3α,21-diol-20-one (THDOC), an endogenous anxiolytic steroid. We found striking regional differences in the modulation of [35S]TBPS binding, particularly between strata radiatum and strata oriens, suggesting a functional heterogeneity among hippocampal GABAA receptors even within the apical versus basal dendrites of pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, we found that CORT treatment decreased the negative modulation of hippocampal [35S]TBPS binding by both GABA and THDOC and increased the enhancement of [3H]flunitrazepam binding by GABA and THDOC in the dentate gyrus. Together, these data suggest that prolonged exposure to stress levels of corticosteroids may alter hippocampal inhibitory tone by regulating the pharmacological properties of GABAA receptors in discrete dendritic subfields.
Activation of Trimeric P2X2 Receptors by Fewer than Three ATP Molecules

P2X receptors are trimeric membrane proteins. When they bind extracellular ATP, a conformational change occurs that opens a transmembrane ion channel. The ATP-binding pocket is formed in a cleft between two subunits, and a critical amino acid residue for ATP contact is Lys69 (P2X2 numbering). In the present work, we sought to determine whether the binding of fewer than three ATP molecules could open the ion channel. We expressed eight concatenated cDNAs in human embryonic kidney cells, which encoded three serially joined, epitope-tagged, subunits with either Lys or Ala at position 69 (denoted as KKK, KKA, KAK, AKK, KAA, AKA, AAK, and AAA). Western blotting of surface-biotinylated proteins indicated that breakdown of concatemers to individual subunits was minimal. Recording of membrane currents in response to ATP (whole cell and excised outside-out patch) showed that all formed functional channels except AAK, AKA, and AAA. There was no difference in the kinetics of activation and deactivation among KKK, KKA, KAK, and AKK channels, and amplitude of the unitary conductances was in all cases not different from that found after expression of a single wild-type subunit. Currents through KKA and KAK receptors were larger than those observed for AKK receptors. The results indicate that trimeric P2X receptors containing only two intact binding sites can be readily activated by ATP.
Dynamic Resource Management on the Grid

In this paper, we discuss the conceptual architectural design of a dynamic resource management framework which leverages the open-source Globus Toolkit[2] and commercially available HP OpenView Configuration Management Solutions software (Radia)[1]. Our approach provides adaptive and scalable middleware for static and dynamic resource provisioning, resource monitoring, virtual organization-wide authorization, and business policy management. In what follows, we provide a brief overview about Radia software . 2. RADIA
A universal RNA structural motif docking the elbow of tRNA in the ribosome, RNAse P and T-box leaders

The structure and function of conserved motifs constituting the apex of Stem I in T-box mRNA leaders are investigated. We point out that this apex shares striking similarities with the L1 stalk (helices 76–78) of the ribosome. A sequence and structure analysis of both elements shows that, similarly to the head of the L1 stalk, the function of the apex of Stem I lies in the docking of tRNA through a stacking interaction with the conserved G19:C56 base pair platform. The inferred structure in the apex of Stem I consists of a module of two T-loops bound together head to tail, a module that is also present in the head of the L1 stalk, but went unnoticed. Supporting the analysis, we show that a highly conserved structure in RNAse P formerly described as the J11/12–J12/11 module, which is precisely known to bind the elbow of tRNA, constitutes a third instance of this T-loop module. A structural analysis explains why six nucleotides constituting the core of this module are highly invariant among all three types of RNA. Our finding that major RNA partners of tRNA bind the elbow with a same RNA structure suggests an explanation for the origin of the tRNA L-shape.
Survey on Cloud Computing Security

Cloud is a modern age computing paradigm which has potential to bring great benefits to information and Communication Technology (ICT) and ICT enabled business. The term Cloud comes from the graphic that was often used to show the heterogeneous networks and complex infrastructure. This graphic was adopted to describe the many aspects of Cloud Computing. In this paper, we aim to identify the security issues in cloud computing. Here we present an analysis of security issues in a cloud environment. Solutions exist to a certain extent for various issues.
Disciplinary Kingdoms and the Pursuit of Pragmatism in Research: A Student Perspective

This paper explores how students may reconcile the concerns raised by Van Zyl (2015) of the Burrell and Morgan framework with the pragmatic approach proposed by Cronjé (2011). Van Zyl suggests that disciplinary kingdoms in higher education use the Burrell and Morgan framework to repress students who are not encouraged to reflect on alternative paradigms. Although Cronjé (2011) and Roode (1993) also use the Burrell and Morgan model and encourage the use of multiple paradigms Van Zyl considers their application simplistic leading to poorly prepared researchers. The Cronjé model is reviewed in light of Ackoff's (1976) four pursuits of mankind with the view to providing an opportunity for overcoming the mutually exclusive nature of Burrell and Morgan. Such a model could encourage self‐reflexivity, introspection and autonomy as called for by Van Zyl. The extended Cronjé‐Ackoff model is then investigated by applying it to this paper through self‐reflexivity. Finally implications for education are enumerated.
Efficient High Speed Compression Trees on Xilinx FPGAs

Compressor trees are efficient circuits to realize multi-operand addition with fast carry-save arithmetic. They can be found in various arithmetic applications like multiplication, squaring and the evaluation of polynomials with application to function approximation. Finding good elementary compressing elements on FPGAs is a non-trivial task as an efficient mapping to look-up tables and carry-chain logic has to be found. It was shown recently that common ternary adders on modern FPGAs outperform previous compressors in terms of area-efficiency, i. e. , the number of compressed bits per logic unit. While Altera FPGAs allow a fast and compact implementation of ternary adders we observed that ternary adders on Xilinx FPGAs only achieve about half of the speed of a two-input adder. This work proposes novel compressing elements including different generalized parallel counters and a 4:2 compressor which is based on a modified ternary adder. They provide a better area-efficiency and/or a lower delay than previously proposed compressing elements.
Methods and framework for visualizing higher-order finite elements

The finite element method is an important, widely used numerical technique for solving partial differential equations. This technique utilizes basis functions for approximating the geometry and the variation of the solution field over finite regions, or elements, of the domain. These basis functions are generally formed by combinations of polynomials. In the past, the polynomial order of the basis has been low-typically of linear and quadratic order. However, in recent years so-called p and hp methods have been developed, which may elevate the order of the basis to arbitrary levels with the aim of accelerating the convergence of the numerical solution. The increasing complexity of numerical basis functions poses a significant challenge to visualization systems. In the past, such systems have been loosely coupled to simulation packages, exchanging data via file transfer, and internally reimplementing the basis functions in order to perform interpolation and implement visualization algorithms. However, as the basis functions become more complex and, in some cases, proprietary in nature, it becomes increasingly difficult if not impossible to reimplement them within the visualization system. Further, most visualization systems typically process linear primitives, in part to take advantage of graphics hardware and, in part, due to the inherent simplicity of the resulting algorithms. Thus, visualization of higher-order finite elements requires tessellating the basis to produce data compatible with existing visualization systems. In this paper, we describe adaptive methods that automatically tessellate complex finite element basis functions using a flexible and extensible software framework. These methods employ a recursive, edge-based subdivision algorithm driven by a set of error metrics including geometric error, solution error, and error in image space. Further, we describe advanced pretessellation techniques that guarantees capture of the critical points of the polynomial basis. The framework has been designed using the adaptor design pattern, meaning that the visualization system need not reimplement basis functions, rather it communicates with the simulation package via simple programmatic queries. We demonstrate our method on several examples, and have implemented the framework in the open-source visualization system VTK.
Interaction of auditory perceptual dimensions: A review

Classically, the perceptual auditory dimensions have been studied independently. Signal characteristics of intensity, fundamental frequency and spectral distribution have been attributed to loudness, pitch and timbre in perception. The interaction amongst these component dimensions has been studied to some extent and certain perceptual studies bring out the nature and measures of interactions amongst these dimensions. In this paper, we review the early works on auditory dimensional interactions among pitch, loudness and timbre. Timbre, being multi-dimensional, it has more inter-dimensional interactions. These sound source attributes also interact with spatial properties of sound such as ambiance, giving rise to further multi-dimensional percepts. We are currently exploring the spatial dimensional interactions with timbre.