Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of melanoma on patients' lives among 562 survivors: a Dutch population-based study.

OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of melanoma on the health-related quality of life of patients from the general population up to 10 years after diagnosis and its determinants. DESIGN A cross-sectional Dutch population-based postal survey among patients with melanoma for the years 1998 to 2008 using the Eindhoven Cancer Registry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), Impact of Cancer (IOC) questionnaire and specific melanoma-related questions. The SF-36 scores of the cases were compared with normative data. Multiple linear regression models were used to identify associated factors of SF-36 and IOC scores. RESULTS The response rate was 80%. The mean age of the 562 respondents was 57.3 years; 62% were female, and 76% had a melanoma with a Breslow thickness of less than 2 mm. The SF-36 component scores of patients with melanoma were similar to those of the normative population. In a multiple linear regression model, stage at diagnosis, female sex, age, and comorbidity were significantly associated (P<.05) with the physical and mental component scores. Women were significantly more likely to report higher levels of both positive and negative IOC. Time since diagnosis, tumor stage, and comorbidity were significant predictors of negative IOC scores. Women seemed to adjust their sun behavior more often (54% vs 67%; P<.001) than men and were more worried about the deleterious effects of UV radiation (45% vs 66%; P<.001). CONCLUSION The impact of melanoma seems to be specific and more substantial in women, suggesting that they may need additional care to cope with their melanoma optimally.
On a Shimura Curve That is a Counterexample to the Hasse Principle

Let X be the Shimura curve corresponding to the quaternion algebra over Q ramified only at 3 and 13. B. Jordan showed that XQ(−13) is a counterexample to the Hasse principle. Using an equation of X found by A. Kurihara, it is shown here, by elementary means, that X has no Q(−13) ‐rational divisor classes of odd degree. A corollary of this is the fact that this counterexample is explained by the Manin obstruction. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 11G18, 11G05, 11G30.
Lay theories and intergroup relations: A social-developmental perspective

Abundant research suggests that the study of lay theories helps to explain intergroup relations. Building on this work as well as “interactionist” theories for understanding social behaviour from developmental and social psychology, we propose an integrative social-developmental perspective examining how lay perceivers' characteristics (e.g., age, race, psychological motivations) interact with the environments in which they are nested to impact lay theory use over time and during life transitions. Using this perspective to guide our investigation of the Protestant work ethic (PWE) and colourblind theory, we show that a single lay theory can have a socially tolerant or intolerant meaning. We review work with US children and adults (Asians, Blacks, Latinos, Whites) as well as research with Colombian children and adults (Mestizos), showing similarities and differences in perceivers' uses of PWE and the colourblind theory. Even when both meanings are prevalent in a given culture, they are not necessarily equally emphasised in all environments or for all people living in those environments, nor are they responded to in the same way by all people. We discuss the implications of these results for theorising on lay theories and offer directions for future work in this area.
Analysis of Schema Variance and Short Term Extinction Likelihoods

This paper first analyses the impact of variance on schema transmission. Working from an exact derivation of the expected variance in schema transmission, it derives and analyses the signal-to-noise ratio for schemata. The paper then presents short term schema transmission probability results that focus on newly created schemata in the population. The analysis reveals the relative dependencies between schema transmission, population size, schema measured fitness, schema fragility and schema creation.
CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM FOR LINEAR EIGENVALUE STATISTICS OF RANDOM MATRICES WITH INDEPENDENT ENTRIES

We consider n x n real symmetric and Hermitian Wigner random matrices n ―1/2 W with independent (modulo symmetry condition) entries and the (null) sample covariance matrices n ―1 X*X with independent entries of m x n matrix X. Assuming first that the 4th cumulant (excess) κ 4 of entries of W and X is zero and that their 4th moments satisfy a Lindeberg type condition, we prove that linear statistics of eigenvalues of the above matrices satisfy the central limit theorem (CLT) as n → ∞, m → ∞, m/n → c ∈ [0, oo) with the same variance as for Gaussian matrices if the test functions of statistics are smooth enough (essentially of the class C 5 ). This is done by using a simple "interpolation trick" from the known results for the Gaussian matrices and the integration by parts, presented in the form of certain differentiation formulas. Then, by using a more elaborated version of the techniques, we prove the CLT in the case of nonzero excess of entries again for essentially ℂ 5 test function. Here the variance of statistics contains an additional term proportional to κ 4 . The proofs of all limit theorems follow essentially the same scheme.
THE ROLE OF COUPLE SLEEP CONCORDANCE IN SUBJECTIVE SLEEP QUALITY: ATTACHMENT AS A MODERATOR OF ASSOCIATIONS

OF THESIS THE ROLE OF COUPLE SLEEP CONCORDANCE IN SUBJECTIVE SLEEP QUALITY: ATTACHMENT AS A MODERATOR OF ASSOCIATIONS Sleep is not a solitary activity for the majority of adults, this impacts sleep quality, health, and well-being. Couples experience sleep concordance, or a synchronization of sleep-wake times, which can improve and diminish sleep quality (Gunn et al., 2015). This study explores the association between sleep concordance and sleep quality by examining attachment style as a moderator. Daily sleep diaries were completed by 179 heterosexual couples. Sleep concordance was calculated by dividing total time partners were in bed together by total time at least one partner was in bed each day. Data were analyzed using a multilevel model described by Bolger and Laurenceau (2013). There was a positive association between daily sleep concordance and sleep quality for men. Women with higher secure attachment style scores reported greater sleep quality, and women with higher insecure attachment style scores reported lower sleep quality. Among women with higher secure attachment style scores and lower avoidant attachment style scores there was a negative association between mean sleep concordance and sleep quality. There was no association between sleep concordance and sleep quality for higher anxious attachment scores. Future research is needed to address causal relationships. Findings indicate men and women may experience sleep concordance differently.
Induction of HIV Neutralizing Antibodies against the MPER of the HIV Envelope Protein by HA/gp41 Chimeric Protein-Based DNA and VLP Vaccines

Several conserved neutralizing epitopes have been identified in the HIV Env protein and among these, the MPER of gp41 has received great attention and is widely recognized as a promising target. However, little success has been achieved in eliciting MPER-specific HIV neutralizing antibodies by a number of different vaccine strategies. We investigated the ability of HA/gp41 chimeric protein-based vaccines, which were designed to enhance the exposure of the MPER in its native conformation, to induce MPER-specific HIV neutralizing antibodies. In characterization of the HA/gp41 chimeric protein, we found that by mutating an unpaired Cys residue (Cys-14) in its HA1 subunit to a Ser residue, the modified chimeric protein HA-C14S/gp41 showed increased reactivity to a conformation-sensitive monoclonal antibody against HA and formed more stable trimers in VLPs. On the other hand, HA-C14S/gp41 and HA/gp41 chimeric proteins expressed on the cell surfaces exhibited similar reactivity to monoclonal antibodies 2F5 and 4E10. Immunization of guinea pigs using the HA-C14S/gp41 DNA or VLP vaccines induced antibodies against the HIV gp41 as well as to a peptide corresponding to a segment of MPER at higher levels than immunization by standard HIV VLPs. Further, sera from vaccinated guinea pigs were found to exhibit HIV neutralizing activities. Moreover, sera from guinea pigs vaccinated by HA-C14S/gp41 DNA and VLP vaccines but not the standard HIV VLPs, were found to neutralize HIV pseudovirions containing a SIV-4E10 chimeric Env protein. The virus neutralization could be blocked by a MPER-specific peptide, thus demonstrating induction of MPER-specific HIV neutralizing antibodies by this novel vaccine strategy. These results show that induction of MPER-specific HIV neutralizing antibodies can be achieved through a rationally designed vaccine strategy.
Evolution of Human Parental Behavior and the Human Family

Objective. To develop an evolutionary model that integrates human parenting and family formation with ideas about the evolved functions of distinctive human characteristics, such as concealed ovulation and sophisticated sociocognitive competencies. Design. Theoretical and empirical research across scientific disciplines is reviewed. The emphasis is on ecological and social conditions that covary, across species, with parenting, family formation, and potentially coevolving characteristics, such as a long developmental period. Results. For humans, social competition through coalition formation emerges as the key selective pressure that readily explains the coevolution of a constellation of characteristics that covary with parenting and family formation, including a lengthy developmental period, reduced sexual dimorphism, concealed ovulation, menopause, complex kinship networks, large brains, and sophisticated sociocognitive competencies. Individual and cross-cultural variations in patterns of parenting dynamics and family formation are viewed as adaptive phenotypic responses to different ecological and historical conditions. Conclusions. Human parenting and family formation are features of a coevolving suite of distinctive human characteristics, the evolutionary function of which is to facilitate the formation of kin-based coalitions for competition with other coalitions for resource control. In this view, a central function of human parenting and the human family is to provide a context for the development of sociocompetitive competencies appropriate to the local ecology.
Hardware Accelerated Per-Pixel Shading

Today graphics accelerators are rapidly becoming programmable. This allows to write custom shading algorithms which evaluate a shading equation per-pixel in real-time. In this paper we outline the main features of the used graphics hardware, then we describe the techniques to achieve high-quality local illumination using Phong shading. Additionaly we integrate bump mapping as a technique for simulating the effect of light reflecting from small surface perturbations to enhance the realism without increasing the geometric complexity.
Small World Models in Linked Documents: Decomposition and Visualisation

This paper demonstrates the ability to build small world network models with linked documents in form of web pages and generated via software engineering processes. It shows that searchable paths are achievable between two entities in the models by using the algorithms of searching the related web pages. Visualization of the models is presented and the results confirm that the small world network models can be decomposed into sub-models which are in turn small world models. The findings enable the construction of the small world network models to be governed easily by a documentation process and the paths within the models to be established by searching the related web pages.
EVALUATION OF SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE : A PROPOSAL ON ONTOLOGICAL AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL BASES, AND SOME STATISTICAL APPLICATIONS

In 2002, the Spanish Criminal Procedure Law was amended by converting expert reports for the determination of nature, amount and purity of drugs from official laboratories into documentary evidence, the objectivity and reliability of which are assumed by default. It has advantages both for the prosecution as well as the experts as they avoid testifying in Court in most cases. It could likely expand in Spain to other forensic fields, being the legislature who establishes what types of evidence are objective and reliable. However, Forensic Science is under a major redefinition. Error awareness in real cases (even in the ever-trusted domain of fingerprints), lack of solid scientific framework in different types of scientific evidence and fallacious reporting of results are highly topical questions. To strengthen Forensic Science in Spain, some good experiences are shown and the likelihood paradigm is proposed as the best solution to evaluate scientific evidence in Court.
Android in WSN Applications - A Survey

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is used for accessing multiple sensor data at central servers. The advancement in the wireless technology brought with it the evolution in the way the sensors are connected to the system where the data are accumulated and analyzed. Initially for WSN there were simple computing devices used as Base-stations to collect the data and store for analysis. Recently, due to increased use of Smartphones, trend of using Smartphone as base station increased rapidly. Again, the Android OS support in Smartphones boosted the use of Smartphones for various applications using wireless communication. In this paper the review of various applications of Android OS in different scenarios is carried out.
Antimalarial Properties of Aqueous Crude Extracts of Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Moringa oleifera Leaves in Combination with Artesunate in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice

Due to the emergence and spread of malaria parasite with resistance to antimalarial drugs, discovery and development of new, safe, and affordable antimalarial are urgently needed. In this respect, medicinal plant extracts are targets to optimize antimalarial actions and restore efficacy of standard antimalarial drugs. The present study was aimed at determining the antimalarial activities of Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Moringa oleifera leaf extracts in combination with artesunate against Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. P. berghei ANKA maintained by serial passage in ICR mice were used based on intraperitoneal injection of 1 × 107 parasitized erythrocytes and subsequent development of parasitemia. These infected mice were used to investigate the antimalarial activity of artesunate (6 mg/kg) in combination with 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg of G. pentaphyllum and M. oleifera leaf extracts using 4-day suppressive test. It was found that these extracts showed significant (P < 0.05) antimalarial activity in dose-dependent manner with percentage of suppression of 45, 50, and 55% for G. pentaphyllum leaf extract and 35, 40, and 50% for M. oleifera leaf extract. Additionally, artesunate combined with these extracts presented higher antimalarial activity, compared to extract treated alone with percentage of suppression of 78, 91, and 96% for G. pentaphyllum leaf extract and 73, 82, and 91% for M. oleifera leaf extract. The results indicated that combination treatment of G. pentaphyllum or M. oleifera leaf extracts with artesunate was able to increase the antimalarial activity by using low dose of artesunate. Hence, these results justified the combination of these extracts and artesunate in antimalarial herbal remedies.
Rotavirus gene silencing by small interfering RNAs

RNA interference is an evolutionarily conserved double‐stranded RNA‐triggered mechanism for suppressing gene expression. Rotaviruses, the leading cause of severe diarrhea in young children, are formed by three concentric layers of protein, from which the spike protein VP4 projects. Here, we show that a small interfering RNA corresponding to the VP4 gene efficiently inhibits the synthesis of this protein in virus‐infected cells. A large proportion of infected cells had no detectable VP4 and the yield of viral progeny was reduced. Most of the virus particles purified from these cells were triple‐layered, but lacked VP4, and were poorly infectious. We also show that VP4 might not be required for the last step of virus morphogenesis. The VP4 gene silencing was specific, since the synthesis of VP4 from rotavirus strains that differ in the target sequence was not affected. These findings offer the possibility of carrying out reverse genetics in rotaviruses.
The Investigation of Inter-organizational Information Systems Capabilities in Hebei Province, China

Inter-organizational Information systems (IOIS) are defined as information and communication technology-based systems that extend beyond an organization’s legal boundaries . In China, IOIS have been becoming more and more important in inter-firm collaboration. Many typical enterprises has established or joined in one or more IOIS with their suppliers ,customers etc. However, the whole level of IOIS application in China need to be improved.This study examines IOIS capabilities deployed in the context of inter-enterprise in HEBEI Province ,China. Firstly, the study point the concept of IOIS capabilities from the view of resources-based view. Secondly, the study construct its measuring framework which includes technological factors and non-technological factors on the base of literature. Thirdly, Using a recent survey data (about ten cases from HEBEI Province ,China),the study analyzes the IOIS application conditions and its role for inter-firm collaboration. Finally, according to the practices of IOIS application in China, the study empirical test the IOIS capabilities measuring framework and the results shows very good.
Design of a Dextrous Hand for advanced CLAWAR applications

A wide variety of CLAWAR machines have been produced over the years, and a limited number of commercial successes have been recorded. Successive UNECE/IFR reports ([1], [2]) have suggested that there is an important future market for robotic systems; analysis of the domains in which this market is expected (personal, medical, assistive, entertainment) suggests that the field as a whole may be significantly limited by the technical capabilities that CLAWAR machines can offer in the performance of work for the end user. Although some of the future large markets are not expected to be dependent on the availability of high quality manipulators, the development of high-quality solutions to common human problems in the general case is certain to require capabilities similar or superior to those of humans. Ongoing work in the CLAWAR Economic Prospects workpackage seems to bear this out. The capabilities of a machine are usually limited by power, movement, manipulation and control issues, most of which are being actively addressed by many other groups, and it is for that reason that we have concentrated recent work in this area.
Why Most Discovered True Associations Are Inflated

Newly discovered true (non-null) associations often have inflated effects compared with the true effect sizes. I discuss here the main reasons for this inflation. First, theoretical considerations prove that when true discovery is claimed based on crossing a threshold of statistical significance and the discovery study is underpowered, the observed effects are expected to be inflated. This has been demonstrated in various fields ranging from early stopped clinical trials to genome-wide associations. Second, flexible analyses coupled with selective reporting may inflate the published discovered effects. The vibration ratio (the ratio of the largest vs. smallest effect on the same association approached with different analytic choices) can be very large. Third, effects may be inflated at the stage of interpretation due to diverse conflicts of interest. Discovered effects are not always inflated, and under some circumstances may be deflated—for example, in the setting of late discovery of associations in sequentially accumulated overpowered evidence, in some types of misclassification from measurement error, and in conflicts causing reverse biases. Finally, I discuss potential approaches to this problem. These include being cautious about newly discovered effect sizes, considering some rational down-adjustment, using analytical methods that correct for the anticipated inflation, ignoring the magnitude of the effect (if not necessary), conducting large studies in the discovery phase, using strict protocols for analyses, pursuing complete and transparent reporting of all results, placing emphasis on replication, and being fair with interpretation of results.
Constrained Clustering With Nonnegative Matrix Factorization

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) and symmetric NMF (SymNMF) have been shown to be effective for clustering linearly separable data and nonlinearly separable data, respectively. Nevertheless, many practical applications demand constrained algorithms in which a small number of constraints in the form of must-link and cannot-link are available. In this paper, we propose an NMF-based constrained clustering framework in which the similarity between two points on a must-link is enforced to approximate 1 and the similarity between two points on a cannot-link is enforced to approximate 0. We then formulate the framework using NMF and SymNMF to deal with clustering of linearly separable data and nonlinearly separable data, respectively. Furthermore, we present multiplicative update rules to solve them and show the correctness and convergence. Experimental results on various text data sets, University of California, Irvine (UCI) data sets, and gene expression data sets demonstrate the superiority of our algorithms over existing constrained clustering algorithms.
The formation and survival of discs in a ΛcDM universe

We study the formation of galaxies in acold dark matter (� CDM) universe using high- resolution hydrodynamical simulations with a multiphase treatment of gas, cooling and feed- back, focusing on the formation of discs. Our simulations follow eight isolated haloes similar in mass to the Milky Way and extracted from a large cosmological simulation without restric- tion on spin parameter or merger history. This allows us to investigate how the final properties of the simulated galaxies correlate with the formation histories of their haloes. We find that, at z = 0, none of our galaxies contains a disc with more than 20 per cent of its total stellar mass. Four of the eight galaxies nevertheless have well-formed disc components, three have dominant spheroids and very small discs, and one is a spheroidal galaxy with no disc at all. The z = 0 spheroids are made of old stars, while discs are younger and formed from the inside-out. Neither the existence of a disc at z = 0 nor the final disc-to-total mass ratio seems to depend on the spin parameter of the halo. Discs are formed in haloes with spin parameters as low as 0.01 and as high as 0.05; galaxies with little or no disc component span the same range in spin parameter. Except for one of the simulated galaxies, all have significant discs at z 2, regardless of their z = 0 morphologies. Major mergers and instabilities which arise when accreting cold gas is misaligned with the stellar disc trigger a transfer of mass from the discs to the spheroids. In some cases, discs are destroyed, while in others, they survive or reform. This suggests that the survival probability of discs depends on the particular formation history of each galaxy. A realisticCDM model will clearly require weaker star formation at high redshift and later disc assembly than occurs in our models.