Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PTEN: One Gene, Many Syndromes

PTEN, on 10q23.3, encodes a major lipid phosphatase which signals down the phosphoinositol‐3‐kinase/Akt pathway and effects G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Germline PTEN mutations have been found to occur in 80% of classic Cowden syndrome (CS), 60% of Bannayan‐Riley‐Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS), up to 20% of Proteus syndrome (PS), and approximately 50% of a Proteus‐like syndrome (PSL). CS is a heritable multiple hamartoma syndrome with a high risk of breast, thyroid, and endometrial carcinomas. BRRS is a congenital autosomal dominant disorder characterized by megencephaly, developmental delay, lipomatosis, and speckled penis. PS and PSL had never been associated with risk of malignancy. Finding germline PTEN mutations in patients with BRRS, PS, and PSL suggests equivalent risks of developing malignancy as in CS with implications for medical management. The mutational spectra of CS and BRRS overlap, with many of the mutations occurring in exons 5, 7, and 8. Genotype–phenotype association analyses have revealed that the presence of germline PTEN mutations is associated with breast tumor development, and that mutations occurring within and 5′ of the phosphatase motif were associated with multi‐organ involvement. Pooled analysis of PTEN mutation series of CS and BRRS occurring in the last five years reveals that 65% of CS‐associated mutations occur in the first five exons encoding the phosphatase domain and the promoter region, while 60% of BRRS‐associated mutations occur in the 3′ four exons encoding mainly the C2 domain. Somatic PTEN mutations occur with a wide distribution of frequencies in sporadic primary tumors, with the highest frequencies in endometrial carcinomas and glioblastoma multiform. Several mechanisms of PTEN inactivation occur in primary malignancies derived from different tissues, but a favored mechanism appears to occur in a tissue‐specific manner. Inappropriate subcellular compartmentalization and increased/decreased proteosome degradation may be two novel mechanisms of PTEN inactivation. Further functional work could reveal more effective means of molecular‐directed therapy and prevention. Hum Mutat 22:183–198, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypogonadism, decreased sexual desire, and long-term depression in middle-aged men.

INTRODUCTION In middle-aged men, the associations between long-term depressive symptoms and circulating testosterone levels are poorly known, although it is known that testosterone levels decrease with age. METHODS A health questionnaire was mailed to a population-based sample from the National Population Register in 1998, 1999, and 2001. Based on their self-reported mental symptoms, a total of 116 men were selected for clinical examination in 2005. Half of them had high and the others low levels of adverse mental symptoms in all three previous follow-ups. A structured clinical interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV was performed. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). The Aging Males' Symptoms scale was also compiled and testosterone levels were determined. RESULTS In the entire study sample, serum free testosterone levels correlated negatively with both BDI and HDRS scores. In the hypogonadism group (based on free testosterone, 19.8% of the sample), clinically significant depression (BDI score > or = 13) was more than three times as frequent as in the other men (34.8% vs. 10.4%), the odds ratio after multiple adjustments being 4.98 (95% confidence interval 1.66-14.95). A decrease in sexual desire was common in hypogonadism (36%). Nevertheless, it also associated with clinically significant depression, irrespective of free testosterone levels. DISCUSSION Long-term and current depressive symptoms, a decreased sexual desire, and low serum free testosterone levels are associated in middle-aged men. Hypogonadism per se and as a cause of decreased sexual desire may be a contributory and possibly treatable factor underlying male depression. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the need for hormonal status assessment in middle-aged depressive men.
Using Word Association to Detect Multitopic Structures in Text Documents

A new method for detecting multitopic structures in text documents, called Associative Gravity, is based on a text-mining method entitled CIMAWA, which imitates the human ability of word association. Specifically, Associative Gravity utilizes word association to detect different topics in a text. The authors named it Associative Gravity because of its resemblance to the physical law of gravitation, that is, mass and attraction. The mass corresponds to the importance of words in a text and the attraction to the asymmetrical associative word space. The innovative characteristic of the described topic detection method is supplied with asymmetrical associative word space provided by CIMAWA. A comparative case study proves the capability of Associative Gravity to separate different topics at very high accuracy.
Water electrolysis with a conducting carbon cloth: subthreshold hydrogen generation and superthreshold carbon quantum dot formation.

A conducting carbon cloth, which has an interesting turbostratic microstructure and functional groups that are distinctly different from other ordered forms of carbon, such as graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, was synthesized by a simple one-step pyrolysis of cellulose fabric. This turbostratic disorder and surface chemical functionalities had interesting consequences for water splitting and hydrogen generation when such a cloth was used as an electrode in the alkaline electrolysis process. Importantly, this work also gives a new twist to carbon-assisted electrolysis. During electrolysis, the active sites in the carbon cloth allow slow oxidation of its surface to transform the surface groups from COH to COOH and so forth at a voltage as low as 0.2 V in a two-electrode system, along with platinum as the cathode, instead of 1.23 V (plus overpotential), which is required for platinum, steel, or even graphite anodes. The quantity of subthreshold hydrogen evolved was 24 mL cm(-2) h(-1) at 1 V. Interestingly, at a superthreshold potential (>1.23 V+overpotential), another remarkable phenomenon was found. At such voltages, along with the high rate and quantity of hydrogen evolution, rapid exfoliation of the tiny nanoscale (5-7 nm) units of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are found in copious amounts due to an enhanced oxidation rate. These CQDs show bright-blue fluorescence under UV light.
Redistribution of 99mTc-sestamibi and 201Tl in the presence of a severe coronary artery stenosis.

BACKGROUND 99mTc-labeled methoxyisobutyl isonitrile (99mTc-sestamibi) is a myocardial perfusion agent that clears slowly from the myocardium. This study evaluates the early and late myocardial distributions of 99mTc-sestamibi and 201Tl in the presence of low-flow ischemia to determine whether 99mTc-sestamibi demonstrates rest "redistribution. " METHODS AND RESULTS Low-flow ischemia was produced in 18 anesthetized, open-chest dogs by partial occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Dogs were injected intravenously with 99mTc-sestamibi, 301Tl, and radiolabeled microspheres during sustained low-flow ischemia. The hearts were excised either 20 minutes (group 1, 10 dogs) or 2.5 hours (group 2, 8 dogs) after injection for gamma well counting to evaluate the early and late myocardial distributions of these radiotracers, relative to microsphere flow. The early myocardial distributions of 99mTc-sestamibi and 201Tl were comparable and correlated with the flow deficit (group 1). We observed a significant difference in myocardial 201Tl (P = .005) and 99mTc-sestamibi (P < .0001) activities between groups 1 and 2 dogs relative to flow, suggesting some redistribution of both tracers. Myocardial slices were imaged postmortem with a gamma camera, and 99mTc-sestamibi defect intensity was quantified. There was excellent correlation (r = .97) between the early relative 99mTc-sestamibi defect intensity on postmortem images and the flow deficit (group 1). Among group 2 dogs, the correlation was good (r = .87), but the 99mTc-sestamibi defect was less severe than the flow deficit, again suggesting redistribution. CONCLUSIONS The myocardial distributions of 99mTc-sestamibi and 201Tl early after injection are comparable and proportional to flow. Under conditions of sustained low flow, there was detectable rest "redistribution" of 99mTc-sestamibi verified by both gamma well counting and high-resolution postmortem imaging of myocardial slices. Whether this degree of 99mTc-sestamibi rest redistribution will be detectable by serial clinical imaging remains uncertain. Nevertheless, these data suggest that imaging should be delayed after the resting injection of 99mTc-sestamibi when assessing myocardial viability in the presence of a critical stenosis.
Probabilistic model checking based DAL analysis to optimize a combined TMR-blind-scrubbing mitigation technique for FPGA-based aerospace applications

SRAM-based FPGAs are increasingly popular in the aerospace industry for their field programmability and low cost. However, they suffer from cosmic radiation induced Single Event Upsets (SEUs), commonly known as soft errors. In safety-critical applications, the dependability of the design is a prime concern since failures may have catastrophic consequences. An early analysis of dependability of such safety-critical applications will enable designers to develop a design that meets the high availability and reliability requirements of the DO-254 standard. This paper introduces a novel methodology based on probabilistic model checking, to analyze the dependability properties of safety-critical systems and to suggest required mitigation techniques, such as Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) or TMR with less frequent scrubs for early design decisions. Starting from a high-level description of a system, a Markov model is constructed from the Control Data Flow Graph (CDFG) expressing the functionality and from failure/mitigation parameters for the targeted FPGAs. Such an exhaustive model captures all the failures and repairs possible in the system within the radiation environment. We present a case study on a benchmark circuit to illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach to demonstrate that a wide range of useful dependability properties can be analyzed using our proposed methodology.
A Tractable Approximation of Stochastic Programming via Robust Optimization

Stochastic optimization, especially multistage models, is well known to be computationally excruciating. Moreover, such models require exact specifications of the probability distributions of the underlying uncertainties, which are often unavailable. In this paper, we propose tractable methods of addressing a general class of multistage stochastic optimization problems, which assume only limited information of the distributions of the underlying uncertainties, such as known mean, support and covariance. One basic idea of our methods is to approximate the recourse decisions via decision rules. We first examine linear decision rules in detail and show that even for problems with complete recourse, linear decision rules can be inadequate and even lead to infeasible instances. Hence, we propose several new decision rules that improve upon linear decision rules, while keeping the approximate models computationally tractable. Specifically, our approximate models are in the forms of the socalled second order cone (SOC) programs, which could be solved efficiently both in theory and in practice. We also present computational evidence indicating that our approach is a viable alternative, and possibly advantages, to existing stochastic optimization solution techniques in solving a two-stage stochastic optimization problem with complete recourse.
The Impact of the Type of Accounting Standards on Judgments

This article examines preparers' consolidation judgments and how they are impacted by the precision of accounting standards (substance-over-form versus rules-based). The examination is performed via two laboratory experiments in a consolidated accounting setting. In Experiment 1 it was found that when subjects used a substance-over-form accounting standard they justified their consolidation judgments on case specific information rather than on different interpretations of the phrase 'capacity to control'. In Experiment 2 it was found that when subjects used a rules-based standard, incentives were found to impact on accountants' consolidation judgments and more aggressive judgments were made through their assessments of case specific information. Comparison of the judgments made in Experiment 1 with one of the treatment groups in Experiment 2 enabled a comparison to be made of consolidation judgments of subjects under both substance-over-form and rules-based accounting standards. While both groups had the same incentive not to consolidate, marginally significantly more subjects using the rules-based standard did not consolidate than subjects using the substance-over-form standard. This finding is contrary to anecdotal claims that the imprecision of substance-over-form standards may be less effective in stopping biased financial reporting than rules-based standards.
Fast grasp planning for hand/arm systems based on convex model

This paper discusses the grasp planning of a multifingered hand attached at the tip of a robotic arm. By using the convex models and the new approximation method of the friction cone, our proposed algorithm can calculate the grasping motion within the reasonable time. For each grasping style used in this research, we define the grasping rectangular convex (GRC). We also define the object convex polygon (OCP) for the grasped object. By considering the geometrical relashionship among these convex models, we determine several parameters needed to define the final grasping configuration. To determine the contact point position satisfying the force closure, we use two approximation models of the friction cone. To save the calculation time, the rough approximation by using the ellipsoid is mainly used to check the force closure. Additionally, approximation by using the convex polyhedral cone is used at the final stage of the planning. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by some numerical examples.
Learning to Identify Ambiguous and Misleading News Headlines

Accuracy is one of the basic principles of journalism. However, it is increasingly hard to manage due to the diversity of news media. Some editors of online news tend to use catchy headlines which trick readers into clicking. These headlines are either ambiguous or misleading, degrading the reading experience of the audience. Thus, identifying inaccurate news headlines is a task worth studying. Previous work names these headlines "clickbaits" and mainly focus on the features extracted from the headlines, which limits the performance since the consistency between headlines and news bodies is underappreciated. In this paper, we clearly redefine the problem and identify ambiguous and misleading headlines separately. We utilize class sequential rules to exploit structure information when detecting ambiguous headlines. For the identification of misleading headlines, we extract features based on the congruence between headlines and bodies. To make use of the large unlabeled data set, we apply a co-training method and gain an increase in performance. The experiment results show the effectiveness of our methods. Then we use our classifiers to detect inaccurate headlines crawled from different sources and conduct a data analysis.
On the Structuring of Reliable Multicast Protocols for Distributed Mobile Systems

We consider reliable multicast in distributed systems including mobile hosts (MHs) that communicate with a wired infrastructure by means of wireless links. Nearly all existing proposals are based on hand-off, i.e. whenever a MH switches cell, state information about this host travels across the wired network from the support station of the old cell to that of the new cell. However, we are not aware of any detailed performance analysis for hand-off based reliable multicast protocols: previous research in this area has focused mainly on correctness rather than on performance. We analyze in detail, by simulation, the performance of a proposal by Acharya and Badrinath that is based on hand-off and has been highly influential in the design of later protocols. Then, we compare this proposal with one by us that is based on an entirely different philosophy and is the only existing proposal not based on hand-off. Surprisingly, we found that our proposal outperforms the one by Acharya and Badrinath in all the aspects considered: latency, scalability, bandwidth usage efficiency and quickness in managing cell switches of MHs. Moreover, we found that this performance improvement is not obtained at the expense of increased resource requirements on MHs such as energy or memory. We believe that this performance and cost analysis allows us to gain insights into the design of reliable multicast protocols for distributed mobile systems.
Beyond Occupation Law

its strong iteration of the position—seemingly uncontroversial—that sovereignty resides in the state of Iraq may simply be a deliberate measure to avoid any doubt as to a matter that in particular instances in the context of decolonization presented a tangle of ambiguities. It bears stating clearly, in light of late colonial history, that the transition, even as it involves vesting substantial administrative competence in the CPA, does not displace sovereignty from its original location. Indeed, it is especially because of the sweeping powers of the CPA within the transition framework that some parties would like to have a formal reminder of the disposition of underlying rights. The French representative to the Security Council, after the adoption of Resolution 1483, referred to the establishment of the GCI as "a positive first step towards the establishment of a representative and internationally recognized government. " Akram (for Pakistan), evidently viewing the GCI as synonymous with the "interim authority" specified in Resolution 1483, also welcomed the GCI as a valuable "first step," with an internationally recognized government as the goal in an implied progression. The German delegate referred to the GCI as "broadly based" and indicated that it "could provide the international community with an Iraqi partner, with whom it could engage. " Participation by three GCI representatives in the meeting of the Security Council on July 22, 2003, marked a milestone; one hopes that the cooperation of the United Nations in securing the status of the GCI as agent responsible for external representation of the Iraqi state will smooth the transition in this important dimension. Resolution 1511, while tracing in its text the outline of continued disagreement between Council member states on the precise apportionment of UN competence, affirms the continued commitment of the international organization to a process of novel scope and challenge.
Reuse of an ontology in an electrical distribution network domain 1 Hercules Dalianis ~

Reuse of knowledge from one domain when modelling new domains is a human task. But what happens if one does this task in a more principled way? In this paper we present the use of the results from an ESPRIT project called KACTUS on a real case where we modelled an electrical distribution network with support from a library of ontologies describing various technical domains. In this library we found descriptions of electrical transmission networks and we decided to use these for the modelling of the distribution networks of the Swedish utility company Sydkraft. The results was that the main part of the concepts in the ontology was possible to reuse except some very domain specific concepts. The whole knowledge acquisition phase was carried out in 4-5 days. The conclusion was that the KACTUS approach in the knowledge acquisition process was extremely fast and accurate. P8145, a method, a tool, and a library have been developed to make it easier to construct knowledge based systems for complex technical domains. The knowledge about technical systems stored in the library are called ontologies. One problem with reuse is the cost to develop such systems. Therefore would it also valuable to have a standard method and language to develope an expert system and that the conceptual model of the system is stored in one library from where it later can be reused. The Artificial Intelligence community use the concept of ontology to describe a hierarchical conceptual model which contents range from very general concepts to very domain specific concepts. In this paper we use also the concept of ontology. Sydkraft, an electrical power company in the south of Sweden wants to build a computer system for the minimization of losses in the distribution networks. To carry out this tasks they first needed to model their distribution network. There we stepped in to help them.
A Metagrammar for Vietnamese LTAG

We present in this paper an initial investigation into the use of a metagrammar for explicitly sharing abstract grammatical specifications for the Vietnamese language. We first introduce the essential syntactic mechanisms of the Vietnamese language. We then show that the basic subcategorization frames of Vietnamese can be compactly represented by classes using the XMG formalism (eXtensible MetaGrammar). Finally, we report on the implementation the first metagrammar producing verbal elementary trees recognizing basic Vietnamese sentences.
Towards integrated modeling of business processes and business rules

While business process models describe business operations in a procedural form, business rules are typically expressed in a declarative fashion. Previous studies have demonstrated that both approaches are complementary as they address distinct aspects of organizational practices. However, both approaches share areas of overlap that allow for the linkage of rule bases and process models. Current technology offerings allow for the pragmatic invocation of rule engines from business process management systems, but an integrated procedure model is lacking that guides modelers when to model organizational aspects as rules or processes and in which order to develop the separate artifacts. The research presented here aims to address this gap by presenting a decision framework for process and rule modeling, and an initial procedure model for integrated modeling with the two approaches.
Limited search sphere decoder and adaptive detector for NOMA with SU-MIMO

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), which improves spectrum efficiency and system throughput, is one of the promising radio access techniques for 5G. In this paper, NOMA is combined with spatial multiplexing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology for enhanced spectral efficiency. In multi-stream MIMO signaling, we considered stronger far user's MIMO signal when detecting the near user's MIMO signal. To lower computational complexity, we proposed a limited sphere decoder search method. In addition, an adaptive NOMA-MIMO detector, which switched between detecting methods according to MCS, power factor and SNR, was also presented.