Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of OFDM Signal Transmission for Visible Light Communication

Optical wireless communication (OWC) in the infrared and visible range is quite attractive solution, especially where radio communication face challenges. Visible light communication (VLC) a data communications medium uses visible light (VL) over a range of 400 and 800 THz (780–375 nm) and is a subset of OWC technologies. With an increasing demand for use of wireless communications, wireless access via Wi-Fi is facing many challenges especially in terms of capacity, availability, efficiency and security. Li-Fi uses intensity modulation and direct detection. Therefore, the signals must be strictly real valued and positive. These constraints pose limitation on digital modulation techniques. These limitations result in spectrum-efficiency or power-efficiency losses. In this paper, we investigate an amplitude shift keying (ASK) based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal transmission scheme for VLC technology. The ASK technique also works efficiently for transmission of digital data over optical fiber. In this paper, M ary ASK is proposed for use in OFDM systems.
The Effect of Complexity on Interpreting "Chernoff" Faces

The total number of irrelevant features was varied in a set multidimensional displays, called "Chernoff" faces, for which subjects were asked to make pairwise similarity judgments. The results showed that observers could not ignore distinctive irrelevant features even under strong instructions to do so, although they could ignore common irrelevant features. It is suggested that the salience of irrelevant information and the relationships between relevant and irrelevant information, rather than the amount of irrelevant information per se, are crucial factors in determining the potential for perceptual interference when using such displays.
Política de impuestos en un modelo de crecimiento endógeno dirigido por el sector exportador

We study tax policy in a two-sector model of endogenous growth. Technological change is produced only by the export sector firms. Technological knowledge can be used by the import sector firms. The government taxes the output of the export and the import sector firms. First, the export and the import sector firms are taxed with a common rate. Thus, the growth rate of the model with a common rate is lower than the model without taxes. We also show that when the tax rate is reduced only in the export (import) sector firms, the growth rate increases (decreases). We show the optimal solution and the optimal economic policy.
Segregation by poverty in secondary schools in England 2006–2009: a research note

This research note shows that secondary school segregation by poverty in England has recently started declining again. By comparing the long‐term pattern of school compositions with an economic indicator, it is possible to link this decline to the recession, but only if a further, and contentious, assumption is made about what happened in the early 1990s. More work is needed to try and understand the complex relationship between segregation by poverty, economic cycles, and education policy.
Approaches and Techniques for Analysing WiFi Location Data

Cities have an increasingly dense network of connected access points that enable individuals and groups to access the web on a range of different devices. Although, in most cases, the data collected from these networks is anonymised, when aggregated, it provides a rich illustration of how cities, public places and urban spaces are used. However, making use of this data can prove challenging as rarely, due to anonymization and data protection measures, is the data labelled and often the accuracy of the location information is questionable. Given these constraints, we have investigated a set of methods that can be applied to anonymous WiFilocation-based data. Through two specific use-cases, we show successful examples of each method, describing insights and intuitions along with providing an explanation of their application.
Supplier Selection under Uncertainty: A Detailed Case Study

The part of purchasing in supply chain management has received huge attention as the years go by. Purchasing increases efficiency and competitiveness among other benefits but to realize these benefits it is imperative to select and maintain competent suppliers. However, many factors affect a firm’s capability to select the right supplier . Uncertainty is a big issue that has received great attention. It affects all functions of a company accordingly affecting purchasing and supplier selection.
Partnership Versus Organising: Alternative Futures for British Trade Unionism

This paper describes, analyses and offers an evaluation of two current proposals for the revival of British trade unions. These are the pursuit of partnership with employers and the attempt to recreate membership and collective organisation by application of the "organising model". The paper draws on a comprehensive review of debate and research on each proposal as it has unfolded in recent years and concludes by considering whether or not these seeming alternatives can form part of a concerted attempt to revive the fortunes of the British labour movement.
Sushi Dish - Object detection and classification from real images

In conveyor belt sushi restaurants, billing is a burdened job because one has to manually count the number of dishes and identify the color of them to calculate the price. In a busy situation, there can be a mistake that customers are overcharged or under-charged. To deal with this problem, we developed a method that automatically identifies the color of dishes and calculate the total price using real images. Our method consists of ellipse fitting and convol-utional neural network. It achieves ellipse detection precision 85% and recall 96% and classification accuracy 92%.
Empirical Studies of Gasoline Retailing: A Guide to the Literature

This paper surveys the empirical literature on gasoline retailing, which has been growing rapidly over the last three decades, possibly in response to antitrust and regulatory concerns and increased availability of pricing data. Studies of both pricing and non‐price decision variables are considered. In general, it is found that crude oil prices are the primary driver of national price movements over time. However, market structure has been identified as playing a role in price dynamics, equilibrium selection and price differentials across markets and stations. The economic literature emphasizes the importance of heterogeneity across stations and coordination problems faced by retailers. Several directions for future work are suggested, including the development of theory and demand estimation using high‐frequency station level data.
A Tale of Two Cities: Physical Form and Neighborhood Satisfaction in Metropolitan Portland and Charlotte

Problem: Literature advocating compact development and mixed uses frequently claims that this form of development supports a higher quality of life, yet the empirical basis for this claim is weak. Purpose: I assess the relationship between physical form and quality of life using neighborhood satisfaction as an empirical definition of quality of life. Methods: I examine the effects of block and neighborhood housing density, land use mix, the mix of housing structure types, and street network connectivity on residents' ratings of neighborhood satisfaction. Using a multilevel dataset that combines individual household information with neighborhood contextual variables, I compare the Charlotte, North Carolina and Portland, Oregon metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), which have very different development patterns and land use policies. Results and conclusions: At the neighborhood level, I find density and mixed land uses to be associated with higher neighborhood satisfaction in Portland, but lower neighborhood satisfaction in Charlotte. At the block level, however, I find blocks that are exclusively single family detached housing to be associated with higher neighborhood satisfaction in both MSAs. These findings suggest that the influence of compact development and mixed uses on residents' quality of life depends upon the context, and may be sensitive to the spatial scales at which urban form is examined. Takeaway for practice: Planners should understand that strategies promoting compact development and mixed uses will have different consequences in different contexts, and should pay careful attention to the appropriate spatial scale for implementing such policies. I conclude that compact growth and mixed uses improve quality of life by contributing to higher levels of neighborhood satisfaction, though they may not succeed in low density metropolitan areas. I conclude that in considering such development, planners should: rely on evidence to identify appropriate strategies; learn how to create conditions that foster urban amenities and discourage urban problems; pay attention to factors that complement the appeal of compact and mixed environments; and consider the possibility that the market will not tolerate mixing different housing types at a fine grain for the purpose of achieving higher density and diversity. Research support: This research was supported by a dissertation research grant from the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Department of City and Regional Planning, Cornell University.
New bolus models for in vivo efficacy testing of mycotoxin-detoxifying agents in relation to EFSA guidelines, assessed using deoxynivalenol in broiler chickens

In this study, three new models were developed for efficacy testing of mycotoxin-detoxifying agents in relation to recent European guidelines. In the first model, deoxynivalenol was given to broiler chickens as an intra-crop bolus together with a mycotoxin-detoxifying agent in order to study the plasma concentration–time profile of deoxynivalenol. In the second model, the same oral bolus was given, preceded by an oral bolus of mycotoxin-detoxifying agent, to make sure the detoxifying agent was present in the whole intestinal tract when the mycotoxin was administered. In the third model, the mycotoxin-detoxifying agent was mixed in the feed of broiler chickens, and after 1 week's feeding, deoxynivalenol was given as an oral bolus. In order to evaluate the efficacy of these agents, plasma concentration–time profiles were set up and the main toxicokinetic parameters were compared. Two commercially available mycotoxin-detoxifying agents were tested, but they were not able to lower the oral availability of deoxynivalenol. As a positive control, activated carbon was used. We showed that activated carbon significantly reduces the absorption and oral availability of deoxynivalenol in all three models. Therefore, it can be concluded that these models are able to demonstrate the efficacy of mycotoxin-detoxifying agents in relation to European Food Safety Authority guidelines.
The Effects of the 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1 A Agonist 8-Hydroxy-2-( din-propylamino ) tetralin on Spontaneous Activity , Cocaine-Induced Hyperactivity and Behavioral Sensitization : A Microanalysis of Locomotor Activity 1

The influence of the 5-hydroxytryptamine1A agonist 8-hydroxy2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (DPAT) on locomotor hyperactivity induced by the acute and chronic administration of cocaine was assessed. Horizontal activity was measured in the periphery and center of an open field test enclosure equipped with photobeams; vertical activity was also recorded. Peripheral hyperactivity induced by an acute administration of cocaine (10 or 20 mg/kg) was significantly enhanced by 0.2 mg/kg DPAT. In contrast, central and vertical activities were reduced in a doserelated manner by DPAT (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg); DPAT also suppressed central (0.2 mg/kg) and vertical (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) activities when administered alone. Similar observations were made on day 1 of chronic treatment with DPAT (0, 0.1, or 0.2 mg/kg) injected 15 min before an injection of cocaine (0, 10, or 15 mg/kg) administered twice daily for 7 days. By day 7 of repeated DPAT treatment, sensitization of DPAT-evoked peripheral activity developed, which contrasted with tolerance to the central and vertical hypoactivity evoked by DPAT. Sensitization developed to the repeated treatment with 15 mg/kg cocaine but not 10 mg/kg cocaine. Interestingly, enhancements of all activity measures were observed between days 1 and 7 in rats cotreated with DPAT plus either dose of cocaine. This sensitization to DPAT plus cocaine was expressed on challenge with DPAT and cocaine but not with cocaine alone. The present study implies that the stimulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptors is capable of modulating the hyperactivity evoked by cocaine, possibly via modulation of the mesoaccumbens dopamine circuit thought to mediate the behavioral effects of cocaine. Stimulation of the dopamine (DA) pathway that arises from perikarya in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to innervate the nucleus accumbens (NAc) appears to be an important mechanism underlying the behavioral effects of cocaine (COC; for a review, see Di Chiara, 1995). These circuits are also important in the enhancement of behaviors induced by repeated, intermittent administration of COC (“behavioral sensitization”; Kalivas et al., 1993). 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) modulates mesoaccumbens pathways (Herve et al., 1979) and has been implicated as a candidate system that contributes to the behavioral effects of COC (for a review, see Walsh and Cunningham, 1997). Among the fourteen 5-HT receptor subtypes, the 5-HT1A receptor has been studied extensively as the presynaptic impulse-regulating autoreceptor found in the dorsal raphe nucleus (Sprouse and Aghajanian, 1986). A high density of postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors is also found in numerous limbic regions, particularly hippocampus, septum, and amygdala; lower densities are found in the VTA and NAc (Chalmers and Watson,
Les tumeurs conjonctives cutanées: à propos de 121 cas

Les tumeurs conjonctives cutanées sont des tumeurs dermiques et/ou hypodermiques relativement fréquentes. Elles sont dominées par les tumeurs bénignes. A travers une série de 121 cas, nous avons étudié le profil épidémiologique, anatomopathologique et évolutif de ces tumeurs. C'est une étude rétrospective réalisée au service d'anatomie pathologique du CHU Mohammed VI de Marrakech entre 2004 et 2012. Il s'agit de 121 patients. La moyenne d’âge était de 36 ans (1-80ans). Le sex-ratio H/F était de 1,12. La tumeur avait un aspect nodulaire dans 90% des cas. Le membre inférieur était la localisation la plus fréquente (30,5%). L’étude anatomopathologique a porté sur un matériel biopsique dans 100% des cas. Soixante-neuf pour cent de ces tumeurs étaient bénignes. Elles étaient représentées essentiellement par les tumeurs vasculaires, suivies par les tumeurs fibreuses et fibro-histiocytaires. Trente et un pour cent des tumeurs étaient malignes. Il s'agissait essentiellement de tumeurs fibreuses et fibro-histiocytaires, suivies de tumeurs vasculaires. L’étude immunohistochimique était réalisée dans 2cas. Le traitement chirurgical était entrepris dans 73% des cas. L’évolution était précisée dans 19% des cas avec une évolution favorable dans 13% des cas. Un cas de décès et 2 cas de récidive étaient notés. Les tumeurs conjonctives cutanées bénignes sont de bon pronostic, mais posent un problème majeur de nosologie et de classification. D'autre part, la prise en charge diagnostique et thérapeutique ainsi que l’évaluation pronostique des sarcomes cutanés restent difficiles.
Coupling matrices with reactive loads at ports

The design of microwave filters and multiplexers usually starts from the synthesis of a coupling matrix M. The elements of the main diagonal identify invariant reactances that shift the resonant frequency at resonator nodes, and are usually zero at port nodes. However the analysis of the coupling matrix show that non-zero elements are allowed too. This work show that this reactances can model the phase term due to shift of the reference planes of the microwave circuits that are being represented by the coupling matrix.
Modeling industrial lot sizing problems: a review

In this paper we give an overview of recent developments in the field of modeling deterministic single-level dynamic lot sizing problems. The focus of this paper is on the modeling of various industrial extensions and not on the solution approaches. The timeliness of such a review stems from the growing industry need to solve more realistic and comprehensive production planning problems. First, several different basic lot sizing problems are defined. Many extensions of these problems have been proposed and the research basically expands in two opposite directions. The first line of research focuses on modeling the operational aspects in more detail. The discussion is organized around five aspects: the set ups, the characteristics of the production process, the inventory, demand side and rolling horizon. The second direction is towards more tactical and strategic models in which the lot sizing problem is a core substructure, such as integrated production–distribution planning or supplier selection. Recent advances in both directions are discussed. Finally, we give some concluding remarks and point out interesting areas for future research.
Stromal β‐catenin overexpression contributes to the pathogenesis of renal dysplasia

Renal dysplasia, the leading cause of renal failure in children, is characterized by disrupted branching of the collecting ducts and primitive tubules, with an expansion of the stroma, yet a role for the renal stroma in the genesis of renal dysplasia is not known. Here, we demonstrate that expression of β‐catenin, a key transcriptional co‐activator in renal development, is markedly increased in the expanded stroma in human dysplastic tissue. To understand its contribution to the genesis of renal dysplasia, we generated a mouse model that overexpresses β‐catenin specifically in stromal progenitors, termed β‐catGOF‐S. Histopathological analysis of β‐catGOF‐S mice revealed a marked expansion of fibroblast cells surrounding primitive ducts and tubules, similar to defects observed in human dysplastic kidneys. Characterization of the renal stroma in β‐catGOF‐S mice revealed altered stromal cell differentiation in the expanded renal stroma demonstrating that this is not renal stroma but instead a population of stroma‐like cells. These cells overexpress ectopic Wnt4 and Bmp4, factors necessary for endothelial cell migration and blood vessel formation. Characterization of the renal vasculature demonstrated disrupted endothelial cell migration, organization, and vascular morphogenesis in β‐catGOF‐S mice. Analysis of human dysplastic tissue demonstrated a remarkably similar phenotype to that observed in our mouse model, including altered stromal cell differentiation, ectopic Wnt4 expression in the stroma‐like cells, and disrupted endothelial cell migration and vessel formation. Our findings demonstrate that the overexpression of β‐catenin in stromal cells is sufficient to cause renal dysplasia. Further, the pathogenesis of renal dysplasia is one of disrupted stromal differentiation and vascular morphogenesis. Taken together, this study demonstrates for the first time the contribution of stromal β‐catenin overexpression to the genesis of renal dysplasia. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specifying neural crest cells: From chromatin to morphogens and factors in between

Neural crest (NC) cells are a stem‐like multipotent population of progenitor cells that are present in vertebrate embryos, traveling to various regions in the developing organism. Known as the “fourth germ layer,” these cells originate in the ectoderm between the neural plate (NP), which will become the brain and spinal cord, and nonneural tissues that will become the skin and the sensory organs. NC cells can differentiate into more than 30 different derivatives in response to the appropriate signals including, but not limited to, craniofacial bone and cartilage, sensory nerves and ganglia, pigment cells, and connective tissue. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that control the induction and specification of NC cells include epigenetic control, multiple interactive and redundant transcriptional pathways, secreted signaling molecules, and adhesion molecules. NC cells are important not only because they transform into a wide variety of tissue types, but also because their ability to detach from their epithelial neighbors and migrate throughout developing embryos utilizes mechanisms similar to those used by metastatic cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms required for the induction and specification of NC cells in various vertebrate species, focusing on the roles of early morphogenesis, cell adhesion, signaling from adjacent tissues, and the massive transcriptional network that controls the formation of these amazing cells.
Explaining Welfare State Survival: The Role of Economic Freedom and Globalization

Using the economic freedom index and the newly developed KOF-index of globalization, it is shown that the Scandinavian welfare states have experienced faster, bigger and more consistent increases in these areas, compared to the smaller European and the so called liberal welfare states. The market economy and globalization hence do not pose threats to these welfare states, but are instead neglected factors in explaining their survival and good economic performance. Big government decreases the economic freedom index by definition, but the welfare states compensate in other areas, such as legal structure and secure property rights.
Six years of short-spaced monitoring of the v =1 and v =2 , J =1 0 28 SiO maser emission in evolved stars

We present the results from a monitoring of the $v=1$ and $v=2$, $J=1{-}0$ 28 SiO maser emission in 21 objects, covering all types of known SiO maser emitters: 13 Mira variables, 2 long period semi regu lars (SRGs), 3 variable super giants (SGs), 2 OH/IR stars, and one young stellar object. This study has been carried out with the 13.7 meter radiotelescope of the Centro Astronomico de Yebes (Guadalajara, Spain), from July 1984 to May 1990, and represents the longest and most tightly sampled monitoring of SiO masers ever published. Our data show that for Mira-type (i.e. regular) variables, the SiO and optical light curves agree in period, and that the maxima of the SiO emission lag the optical ones by about 0.1-0.2 periods. Since a similar lag characterizes the near infrared (NIR) emission variability from these stars, we conclude that for regular variables SiO and NIR vary in phase. This result was confirmed in three objects for which NIR variability curves are available. For SRGs and SGs, we found a less systematic behavior, but when the SiO emission is periodic, its variability curve agrees with the optical one, also showing a lag between maximum epochs similar to that of Mira-type stars. The data clearly reveal other interesting details on the SiO maser variability, such as the strong intensity differences between different maxima and changes in the velocity distribution of the emission. Finally, the SiO masers associated to the young stellar object Orion IRc2 showed a double peaked spectrum with low amplitude, aperiodic variations.