Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HLA and Disease 1982 ‐ A Survey

Within the last 7 years, HLA and disease studies have made it clear that most of the diseases previously known to be HLA-A- or B-associated do in fact show stronger associations with HLA-D/DR antigens. This observation strengthens the assumption that Ir and/or Is determinants are responsible for these associations in agreement with the fact that many of these diseases are characterized by autoimmune phenomena. However, some diseases, ankylosing spondylitis in particular, still show stronger associations with HLA-ABC than with DR antigens. Among the conditions which have been shown to be HLA-associated more recently, four deserves special mention: (i) maternal immunization against the Zwa antigen because this is a good candidate for an antigen-specific Ir gene action; (ii) IgA deficiency in blood donors because this is a non-antigen-specific immunodeficiency; (iii) idiopathic hemochromatosis and (iv) congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-OH deficiency because immune mechanisms are unlikely to be involved. HLA studies and new genetic methodology have significantly advanced our knowledge about the inheritance of some diseases. Thus, HLA-B27 or a B27-associated HLA factor confers a dominant susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis. HLA plays a definite and strong role in the susceptibility to IDDM, but simple genetic models (dominant, recessive, and intermediate) have been made unlikely on the basis of HLA results; the hypothesis that there are two different susceptibility genes within the HLA system still remains viable, but the demonstration of clinical heterogeneity and/or (better) of different pathogenetic pathways for DR3- and DR4-associated IDDM is required to substantiate it.
Experimental consequences of the uniform resonating-valence-bond state.

Le recent travail sur l'effet des fluctuations des champs de jauge sur l'etat de liaison de valence resonante uniforme est etendu au cas du couplage fort, ou la description de Boltzmann n'est pas valable. On trouve des structures dans la resistivite et dans la constante d'effet Hall qui ameliorent l'accord avec l'experience. Analyse de resultats experimentaux tels que l'anisotropie de la susceptibilite magnetique et la diffusion Raman quasielastique, qui peuvent fournir beaucoup plus d'informations sur le champ de jauge fluctuant
THE ACTION OF HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE ON CELL DIVISION

The pressure sustained by land-dwelling animals seldom exceeds one atmosphere (14.7 lbs/in.2), and, aside from indirect effects upon the concentration of the atmospheric gases in the protoplasm and body fluids, pressure variations, within this small range are not of very great physiological importance. Many marine organisms, however, live a t depths approaching five miles, where the pressure ranges up to about 15,OOO Ibs/in.2, and pressures of this magnitude are known to have direct and tangible effects upon the protoplasmic reactions. Pressure studies on the protoplasmic system have not been very numerous, but, recently, the sol F! gel reaction, which is known to occur in many, if not all, cells, has received considerable attention (Marsland, 1942). Typically, the cortical protoplasm, immediately subjacent to the cell membranes, displays the properties of a gel of greater or lesser tensile strength; whereas, the deeper protoplasm, aside from specific gelated regions, has the consistency of a fairly fluid sol. When high pressure is applied, gelated parts of the protoplasm undergo solation, and, in the fluid state, the protoplasm loses its contractile properties. Thus, pressure exerts a paralyzing effect upon various cells, and pressure provides a tool for analyzing the motility of dividing cells, as well as amoeboid and other types of protoplasmic movement. I t is important to realize that the pressure used in the experiments is of the hydrostatic type. Each cell or tissue is completely surrounded by a liquid medium, and this medium serves to transmit the pressure equally in all directions. This condition eliminates all distortional injury, such as would result if the tissues were compressed locally between impinging solid surfaces. The difference is well illustrated by experiments on dividing Arbacia eggs. When these cells are compressed between a slide and coverslip, less than 5 lbs/in. * suffices to cause considerable distortion and to block the cleavage. Under hydrostatic compression, however, the form of the egg remains unchanged, aside from a very slight loss of volume, and the capacity to furrow is not abolished until a pressure of about 5,OOO lbs/in.2 is reached. Another important experimental condition is the absence of any gas phase in the system. Many of the early experiments in the field were complicated by the fact that the pressure was applied through the medium of a supernatant atmosphere. This made it difficult to distinguish between the direct effects of pressure and the indirect effects of driving extra quantities of the atmospheric gases into solution in the protoplasm and the surrounding liquid medium. When the gaseous phase is eliminated, the main effect of the pressure must be mediated through small changes in the protoplasmic volume and through the consequent alterations in the fundamental molecular pattern of the protoplasmic system. Special Methods.
Structural features of a polysaccharide from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao

A polysaccharide Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) was obtained from the boiling water extract of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao. The results of gas chromatography (GC) indicated that APS consisted of l-rhamnose (l-Rha), d-xylose (d-Xyl), d-glucose (d-Glc), and d-galactose (d-Gal) in the molar ratio of 1:4:5:1.5. Its molecular weight was determined to be 3.01 × 105 by high-performance gel filtration chromatography. The results of 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral analysis indicated that APS had a linear backbone mainly consisting of 1,3-linked β-d-Gal residues with insertion of β-Glc, 1,6-linked α-Gal, 1,5-linked β-Xyl, 1,4-linked β-Gal, β-d-Gal, 1,2-linked α-Rha, 1,2,4-linked α-Rha residues. HSQC spectrum indicated that C-2 and C-6 may link with H.
A multi-modal dialog system for business transactions

This paper presents a general framework for conversational agents for business applications that supports multi-channel, multi-modal interactions through the use of a channel and modality independent Dialog Move Markup Language. In particular, we describe a prototype system as an instantiation of a general dialog architecture that supports web-based interaction through a combination of modalities such as natural language dialog and user interface components. User studies have revealed that the prototype system has enhanced user experience in an online shopping environment by significantly reducing the length of interactions in terms of time and the number of clicks. Furthermore, the success in extending the general architecture to a prototype system demonstrates the applicability and potentiality of such framework in business applications.
Telemental health: videoconferencing in mental health services

SuMMAR y Video technology was first used in psychiatric services in the 1950s but came into general use in the 1990s, particularly in North America and Australia. Video has utility across all ages and in a wide range of clinical situations. These include case conferencing for patients with complex problems (e.g. when planning discharge from specialist in-patient units), psychological assessment and treatment, Mental Health Act assessments, suicide risk assessment and work in forensic settings. Potential for benefit may be most obvious in remote locations, but video use is also relevant in urban settings. Lack of training and experience, inadequate access to equipment and insufficient technical support have all limited the take-up of this technology in the UK. This article briefly reviews the literature and outlines technical and cost considerations when using video technology. Three services in Scotland are described to illustrate ways in which videoconferencing can enhance services.
Arthroscopic posterior labral repair and capsular shift for traumatic unidirectional recurrent posterior subluxation of the shoulder.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of arthroscopic treatment of traumatic unidirectional recurrent posterior subluxation of the shoulder. METHODS We treated twenty-seven patients who had traumatic unidirectional recurrent posterior subluxation of the shoulder with arthroscopic labral repair and posterior capsular shift, and we evaluated them at a mean of thirty-nine months postoperatively. Patients who had posteroinferior instability, multidirectional instability, or an atraumatic onset or who were undergoing revision were excluded. There were twenty-five male and two female patients with a mean age of twenty-one years (range, fourteen to thirty-three years). All patients were involved in sports activity, and all had had a substantial injury prior to the onset of the instability. Results were assessed on the basis of stability, motion, and UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles), ASES (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons), and Rowe scores. Pain and function were also evaluated with visual analog scales. RESULTS All patients had one or more lesions in the posteroinferior aspect of the labrum and capsule. The most common finding was incomplete stripping of the posteroinferior aspect of the labrum (eighteen patients). At the arthroscopy, the posteroinferior aspect of the capsule appeared to be stretched in twenty-two patients. At the time of follow-up, all patients had improved shoulder function and scores (p < 0.01). All patients also had a stable shoulder according to subjective and objective measurements, except for one patient who had recurrent subluxation. Except for that patient, all patients were able to return to their prior sports activity with little or no limitation. Shoulder function was graded as >90% of the preinjury level in twenty-four patients. There were twenty-one excellent UCLA scores, five good scores, and one fair score. The average pain score improved from 4.5 points preoperatively to 0.2 point at the time of follow-up (p < 0.0001). The mean loss of internal rotation was one vertebral level. There were no operative complications. CONCLUSIONS Arthroscopic posterior labral repair and capsular shift to treat traumatic unidirectional recurrent posterior subluxation is a reliable procedure with respect to providing stability, pain relief, and functional restoration.
People of opposing views can share common interests

In online social networks, people tend to connect with like-minded people and read agreeable information. Direct recommendation of challenging content has not worked well because users do not value diversity and avoid challenging content. In this poster, we investigate the possibility of an indirect approach by introducing intermediary topics, which are topics that are common to people having opposing views on sensitive issues, i.e., those issues that tend to divide people. Through a case study about a sensitive issue discussed in Twitter, we show that such intermediary topics exist, opening a path for future work in recommendation promoting diversity of content to be shared.
Early progression of traumatic cerebral contusions: characterization and risk factors.

BACKGROUND Traumatic intracerebral contusions carry a high rate of early progression and are associated with morbidity and mortality. Our objectives were to better characterize the prevalence of progression of traumatic contusions, risk factors, and the association with outcome. METHODS Participants were 46 patients with traumatic intracerebral contusion who underwent a repeat computed tomography (CT) scan within 24 hours of injury. Hemorrhage volume on the CT scan was quantified using the ABC/2 technique. Univarite and multivariate statistics were used to define growth (percentage increase and absolute volume increase), to examine the relationship between the risk factors of interest and hemorrhage expansion, and with neurologic function and discharge destination. RESULTS Sixty-five percent of the patients experienced progression in the size of the lesion in the initial 24 hours postinjury. The international normalized ratio was significantly higher in the group that demonstrated progression. Deterioration on the Glasgow Coma Score was associated with a threefold risk of hemorrhage expansion being found on the CT as defined by percentage increase (odds ratio [OR] = 3.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90 to 13.10) and similarly when defined as absolute increase in volume (OR = 3.32; 95% CI: 0.96 to 11.41). Controlling for injury severity, there was an association between hemorrhage growth and death with those displaying progression more likely to die during hospitalization (OR = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.20). CONCLUSION A high proportion of intracerebral contusions evolve in size very early in the postinjury period and are associated with negative outcomes. There is still not a proven therapy for limiting the expansion although the association of an elevated international normalized ratio with expansion suggests that coagulation abnormalities must be actively corrected.
Difference in Osteoclast Responses to Tricalcium Phosphate in Culture Medium Supplemented with Zinc and to Zinc-Containing Tricalcium Phosphate

Difference in osteoclast responses (i.e., apoptosis, actin ring formation) to tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in culture medium supplemented with zinc and to zinc-containing tricalcium phosphate (ZnTCP) was investigated in this study. On the TCP ceramic, an increase in zinc ion in the culture medium within the range between 0.3 and 6.8 ppm significantly induced an increase in osteoclast apoptosis and a decrease in actin ring formation. However, even a high level of magnesium ion up to 100 ppm in the culture medium or up to 6.8mol% in the ceramic was unlikely to influence osteoclast activity. There was almost no significant difference in osteoclast apoptosis and actin ring formation between ZnTCP with 1mol% zinc and magnesiumcontaining tricalcium phosphate with 1.5mol% magnesium ceramic which have the same solubility and the same dissolution rate. It is suggested that only an increase in zinc level outside resorption lacuna has an inhibitory effect on osteoclast resorption and that an increase in zinc level inside resorption lacuna could not influence osteoclast activity.
Dependence of Neuronal Correlations on Filter Characteristics and Marginal Spike Train Statistics

Correlated neural activity has been observed at various signal levels (e.g., spike count, membrane potential, local field potential, EEG, fMRI BOLD). Most of these signals can be considered as superpositions of spike trains filtered by components of the neural system (synapses, membranes) and the measurement process. It is largely unknown how the spike train correlation structure is altered by this filtering and what the consequences for the dynamics of the system and for the interpretation of measured correlations are. In this study, we focus on linearly filtered spike trains and particularly consider correlations caused by overlapping presynaptic neuron populations. We demonstrate that correlation functions and statistical second-order measures like the variance, the covariance, and the correlation coefficient generally exhibit a complex dependence on the filter properties and the statistics of the presynaptic spike trains. We point out that both contributions can play a significant role in modulating the interaction strength between neurons or neuron populations. In many applications, the coherence allows a filter-independent quantification of correlated activity. In different network models, we discuss the estimation of network connectivity from the high-frequency coherence of simultaneous intracellular recordings of pairs of neurons.
A marginalised Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach for model based analysis of EEG data

The work presented in this paper focuses on fitting of a neural mass model to EEG data. Neurophysiology inspired mathematical models were developed for simulating brain's electrical activity imaged through Electroencephalography (EEG) more than three decades ago. At the present well informative models which even describe the functional integration of cortical regions also exists. However, a very limited amount of work is reported in literature on the subject of model fitting to actual EEG data. Here, we present a Bayesian approach for parameter estimation of the EEG model via a marginalized Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach.
Decision Tree Classification on Outsourced Data

This paper proposes a client-server decision tree learning method for outsourced private data. The privacy model is anatomization/fragmentation: the server sees data values, but the link between sensitive and identifying information is encrypted with a key known only to clients. Clients have limited processing and storage capability. Both sensitive and identifying information thus are stored on the server. The approach presented also retains most processing at the server, and client-side processing is amortized over predictions made by the clients. Experiments on various datasets show that the method produces decision trees approaching the accuracy of a non-private decision tree, while substantially reducing the client's computing resource requirements.
p34SEI-1 Inhibits Doxorubicin-Induced Senescence through a Pathway Mediated by Protein Kinase C-δ and c-Jun-NH2-Kinase 1 Activation in Human Breast Cancer MCF7 Cells

In this study, we describe a novel function of the p34SEI-1 protein, which is both an oncogenic protein and a positive regulator of the cell cycle. The p34SEI-1 protein was found to inhibit doxorubicin-induced senescence. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of p34SEI-1 on senescence. First, we found that the activation of protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ), which is cleaved into a 38 kDa active form from a 78 kDa pro-form, induced after doxorubicin treatment, was inhibited by p34SEI-1. Furthermore, p34SEI-1 induced the ubiquitination of PKC-δ. Yet, there is no interaction between p34SEI-1 and PKC-δ. We also found that the phosphorylation of c-Jun-NH2-kinase 1 (JNK1) induced after doxorubicin treatment was suppressed by p34SEI-1, but not in JNK2. Consistently, pharmacologic or genetic inactivation of either PKC-δ or JNK1 was found to inhibit doxorubicin-induced senescence. In addition, the genetic inactivation of PKC-δ by PKC-δ small interfering RNA resulted in an inhibition of JNK1 activation, but PKC-δ expression was not inactivated by JNK1 small interfering RNA, implying that the activation of JNK1 could be dependently induced by PKC-δ. Therefore, p34SEI-1 inhibits senescence by inducing PKC-δ ubiquitination and preventing PKC-δ–dependent phosphorylation of JNK1. [Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(11):1845–53]
Reduced expression of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter causes learning deficits in mice

Storage of acetylcholine in synaptic vesicles plays a key role in maintaining cholinergic function. Here we used mice with a targeted mutation in the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) gene that reduces transporter expression by 40% to investigate cognitive processing under conditions of VAChT deficiency. Motor skill learning in the rotarod revealed that VAChT mutant mice were slower to learn this task, but once they reached maximum performance they were indistinguishable from wild‐type mice. Interestingly, motor skill performance maintenance after 10 days was unaffected in these mutant mice. We also tested whether reduced VAChT levels affected learning in an object recognition memory task. We found that VAChT mutant mice presented a deficit in memory encoding necessary for the temporal order version of the object recognition memory, but showed no alteration in spatial working memory, or spatial memory in general when tested in the Morris water maze test. The memory deficit in object recognition memory observed in VAChT mutant mice could be reversed by cholinesterase inhibitors, suggesting that learning deficits caused by reduced VAChT expression can be ameliorated by restoring ACh levels in the synapse. These data indicate an important role for cholinergic tone in motor learning and object recognition memory.
Regret Minimization for Online Buffering Problems Using the Weighted Majority Algorithm

Suppose a decision maker has to purchase a commodity over time with varying prices and demands. In particular, the price per unit might depend on the amount purchased and this price function might vary from step to step. The decision maker has a buffer of bounded size for storing units of the commodity that can be used to satisfy demands at later points in time. We seek for an algorithm deciding at which time to buy which amount of the commodity so as to minimize the cost. This kind of problem arises in many technological and economical settings like, e.g., battery management in hybrid cars and economical caching policies for mobile devices. A simplified but illustrative example is a frugal car driver thinking about at which occasion to buy which amount of gasoline. Within a regret analysis, we assume that the decision maker can observe the performance of a set of expert strategies over time and synthesizes the observed strategies into a new online algorithm. In particular, we investigate the external regret obtained by the well-known Randomized Weighted Majority algorithm applied to our problem. We show that this algorithm does not achieve a reasonable regret bound if its random choices are independent from step to step, that is, the regret for T steps is Ω(T ). However, one can achieve regret O( √ T ) when introducing dependencies in order to reduce the number of changes between the chosen experts. If the price functions satisfy a convexity condition then one can even derive a deterministic variant of this algorithm achieving regret O( √ T ). Our more detailed bounds on the regret depend on the buffer size and the number of available experts. The upper bounds are complemented by a matching lower bound on the best possible external regret. ∗Supported by the DFG GK/1298 “AlgoSyn” and UMIC Research Center
A CONVERSATION BETWEEN MODEL THEORY AND GRAPH THEORY

In general terms, Ramsey Theory studies the properties of structures that are preserved under taking partitions, and covers problems in areas including logic, theoretical computer science, number theory, game theory, and beyond. In this paper, we develop the model theoretic machinery to prove Ramsey’s Theorem, and then use more classical combinatorial methods to get a finer resolution on these results, thus highlighting the relationship between model theory and combinatorics.
You are Doing Great! The Interpersonal Effect of Positive Emotions in Integrative Bargaining

Being happy helps the negotiator who has to carry out an integrative negotiation. If his counterpart is happy, two alternative situations may occur. The emotional contagion hypothesis predicts that the negotiator will adopt his counterpart’s happiness, and as a consequence he will do well. Alternatively, the positive emotions of the counterpart can be seen as a signal indicating room for a higher personal gain, which would yield a lower joined gain in the integrative negotiation. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of happiness at the intra- and inter-personal level in a computer-mediated integrative negotiation task. The study showed that enhancing intra-personal happiness facilitates finding integrative solutions. It also leads to higher personal and joined gains. These higher gains were also found at the interpersonal level, although it was unsure to what extent these results could be explained by the opponents’ positive emotions. These results and alternative explanations will be discussed.