Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved Wireless Medical Cyber-Physical System (IWMCPS) Based on Machine Learning

Medical cyber-physical systems (MCPS) represent a platform through which patient health data are acquired by emergent Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, preprocessed locally, and managed through improved machine intelligence algorithms. Wireless medical cyber-physical systems are extensively adopted in the daily practices of medicine, where vast amounts of data are sampled using wireless medical devices and sensors and passed to decision support systems (DSSs). With the development of physical systems incorporating cyber frameworks, cyber threats have far more acute effects, as they are reproduced in the physical environment. Patients’ personal information must be shielded against intrusions to preserve their privacy and confidentiality. Therefore, every bit of information stored in the database needs to be kept safe from intrusion attempts. The IWMCPS proposed in this work takes into account all relevant security concerns. This paper summarizes three years of fieldwork by presenting an IWMCPS framework consisting of several components and subsystems. The IWMCPS architecture is developed, as evidenced by a scenario including applications in the medical sector. Cyber-physical systems are essential to the healthcare sector, and life-critical and context-aware health data are vulnerable to information theft and cyber-okayattacks. Reliability, confidence, security, and transparency are some of the issues that must be addressed in the growing field of MCPS research. To overcome the abovementioned problems, we present an improved wireless medical cyber-physical system (IWMCPS) based on machine learning techniques. The heterogeneity of devices included in these systems (such as mobile devices and body sensor nodes) makes them prone to many attacks. This necessitates effective security solutions for these environments based on deep neural networks for attack detection and classification. The three core elements in the proposed IWMCPS are the communication and monitoring core, the computational and safety core, and the real-time planning and administration of resources. In this study, we evaluated our design with actual patient data against various security attacks, including data modification, denial of service (DoS), and data injection. The IWMCPS method is based on a patient-centric architecture that preserves the end-user’s smartphone device to control data exchange accessibility. The patient health data used in WMCPSs must be well protected and secure in order to overcome cyber-physical threats. Our experimental findings showed that our model attained a high detection accuracy of 92% and a lower computational time of 13 sec with fewer error analyses.
Surrogate-assisted Differential Evolution with Adaptation of Training Data Selection Criterion

In surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms (SAEAs), the selection criterion of training data is a crucial option to improve the prediction accuracy of surrogate models. In this paper, we hypothesize that a proper selection criterion changes dependent on the problems and/or search situations. Accordingly, this paper proposes a surrogate-assisted differential evolution, which adapts the training data selection criterion to enhance the model accuracy and then optimization performance of our SAEA. In detail, the proposed algorithm builds multiple approximation models under different selection criteria. Then, the best-fitting model is utilized to screen candidate solutions. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art SAEAs on a single-objective optimization benchmark suite up to 100 dimensions.
A Longer Tpeak-Tend Interval Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Death: A Meta-Analysis

A noninvasive tool for cardiovascular risk stratification has not yet been established in the clinical routine analysis. Previous studies suggest a prolonged Tpeak-Tend interval (the interval from the peak to the end of the T-wave) to be predictive of death. This meta-analysis was designed to systematically evaluate the association of the Tpeak-Tend interval with mortality outcomes. Medline (via PubMed), Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched from 1 January 2008 to 21 July 2020 for articles reporting the ascertainment of the Tpeak-Tend interval and observation of all-cause-mortality. The search yielded 1920 citations, of which 133 full-texts were retrieved and 29 observational studies involving 23,114 patients met the final criteria. All-cause deaths had longer Tpeak-Tend intervals compared to survivors by a standardized mean difference of 0.41 (95% CI 0.23–0.58) and patients with a long Tpeak-Tend interval had a higher risk of all-cause death compared to patients with a short Tpeak-Tend interval by an overall odds ratio of 2.33 (95% CI 1.57–3.45). Heart rate correction, electrocardiographic (ECG) measurement methods and the selection of ECG leads were major sources of heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses revealed that heart rate correction did not affect the association of the Tpeak-Tend interval with mortality outcomes, whereas this finding was not evident in all measurement methods. The Tpeak-Tend interval was found to be significantly associated with all-cause mortality. Further studies are warranted to confirm the prognostic value of the Tpeak-Tend interval.
Convergence of Random Processes and Limit Theorems in Probability Theory

The convergence of stochastic processes is defined in terms of the so-called “weak convergence” (w. c.) of probability measures in appropriate functional spaces (c. s. m. s.). Chapter 1. Let $\Re $ be the c.s. m.s. and v a set of all finite measures on $\Re $. The distance $L(\mu _1 ,\mu _2 )$ (that is analogous to the Levy distance) is introduced, and equivalence of L-convergence and w. c. is proved. It is shown that $V\Re = (v,L)$ is c. s. m. s. Then, the necessary and sufficient conditions for compactness in $V\Re $ are given.In section 1.6 the concept of “characteristic functionals” is applied to the study of w. cc of measures in Hilbert space.Chapter 2. On the basis of the above results the necessary and sufficient compactness conditions for families of probability measures in spaces $C[0,1]$ and $D[0,1]$ (space of functions that are continuous in $[0,1]$ except for jumps) are formulated.Chapter 3. The general form of the “invariance principle” for the sums of independent random variables is developed.
Collaborative Distributed Optimal Control of Pure and Hybrid Active Power Filters in Active Distribution Network

The high penetration of power electronics in the active distribution network (ADN) induces system-level voltage quality issues. Conventionally, pure and hybrid active power filters (APF/HAPF) have been adopted in ADN for voltage quality improvement. However, each APF/HAPF can only compensate for local voltage quality issues due to a lack of coordination. This paper proposes a collaborative distributed optimal control (CoDOC) of APFs/HAPFs for ADN system-level voltage quality improvement. First, the operational characteristic of APF/HAPF is discussed, which formulates the APF/HAPF constraints. Then, the objective functions, harmonic power flow equations, and APF/HAPF operational constraints are proposed to formulate the proposed CoDOC as a convex problem. Moreover, a primal-dual subgradient (PDS) based optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the CoDOC problem in a distributed manner. The practical application aspects of the proposed CoDOC are also studied and discussed. Finally, the proposed CoDOC is verified by case studies compared to other representative ADN-level control methods.
Bay-trapped low-frequency oscillations in lakes

Observations of thermocline variation in long lakes have shown oscillations with periods of several days concentrated at the lake ends. These have been attributed to resonances of topographic shelf-wave reflection. Here a complementary description is presented showing how the presence of a shallow bay region at a lake end raises the maximum allowable frequency for locally propagating shelf-wave modes above the maximum for waves in the absence of the bay and thus leads to trapping of energy at frequencies lying between these two maxima.
Towards Accurate Parameter Estimation of WiFi Signal Using Sparse Recovery

Parameter estimation plays a significant role in many intelligent applications such as indoor passive localization and tracking based on WiFi signals. In this paper, we propose a super-resolution algorithm based on sparse recovery to estimate the parameters of WiFi signal. Specifically, we first jointly esti-mate the Angle of Arrival (AoA) and Time of Flight (ToF) using sparse recovery. Then, we use time alignment and singular value decomposition with multiple channel state information packets to obtain more accurate parameters. We conduct experiments in an actual indoor environment, and the experimental results show that this method can obtain accurate parameters.
An Insight into the Impact of Serum Tellurium, Thallium, Osmium and Antimony on the Antioxidant/Redox Status of PCOS Patients: A Comprehensive Study

Humans exploit heavy metals for various industrial and economic reasons. Although some heavy metals are essential for normal physiology, others such as Tellurium (Te), Thallium (TI), antimony (Sb), and Osmium (Os) are highly toxic and can lead to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), a common female factor of infertility. The current study was undertaken to determine levels of the heavy metals TI, Te, Sb and Os in serum of PCOS females (n = 50) compared to healthy non-PCOS controls (n = 56), and to relate such levels with Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), activity of key antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress marker levels and redox status. PCOS serum samples demonstrated significantly higher levels of TI, Te, Sb and Os and diminished TAC compared to control (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was significant inhibition of SOD, CAT and several glutathione-related enzyme activities in sera of PCOS patients with concurrent elevations in superoxide anions, hydrogen and lipid peroxides, and protein carbonyls, along with disrupted glutathione homeostasis compared to those of controls (p < 0.001 for all parameters). Additionally, a significant negative correlation was found between the elevated levels of heavy metals and TAC, indicative of the role of metal-induced oxidative stress as a prominent phenomenon associated with the pathophysiology of the underlying PCOS. Data obtained in the study suggest toxic metals as risk factors causing PCOS, and thus protective measures should be considered to minimize exposure to prevent such reproductive anomalies.
Pathway and Network Analyses Identify Growth Factor Signaling and MMP9 as Potential Mediators of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Severe COVID-19

Patients with preexisting metabolic disorders such as diabetes are at a higher risk of developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Mitochondrion, the very organelle that controls cellular metabolism, holds the key to understanding disease progression at the cellular level. Our current study aimed to understand how cellular metabolism contributes to COVID-19 outcomes. Metacore pathway enrichment analyses on differentially expressed genes (encoded by both mitochondrial and nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)) involved in cellular metabolism, regulation of mitochondrial respiration and organization, and apoptosis, was performed on RNA sequencing (RNASeq) data from blood samples collected from healthy controls and patients with mild/moderate or severe COVID-19. Genes from the enriched pathways were analyzed by network analysis to uncover interactions among them and up- or downstream genes within each pathway. Compared to the mild/moderate COVID-19, the upregulation of a myriad of growth factor and cell cycle signaling pathways, with concomitant downregulation of interferon signaling pathways, were observed in the severe group. Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) was found in five of the top 10 upregulated pathways, indicating its potential as therapeutic target against COVID-19. In summary, our data demonstrates aberrant activation of endocrine signaling in severe COVID-19, and its implication in immune and metabolic dysfunction.
Asymmetric peak line shape of infrared dielectric function spectra for thermally grown silicon dioxide films

Measured infrared dielectric function spectra ranging from 300 to 1400 cm−1 for thermally grown silicon dioxide films were studied. The dielectric function spectra were calculated by requiring the calculated spectra to fit to the actual spectra. The peak line shape of the dielectric function can be described by a Gaussian distribution, but not by a Lorentzian line shape. In detail, frequencies of half height for the imaginary part of the dielectric function of high- and low-frequency edges are not actually symmetrical. According to interpretations based on a central and noncentral force network model, the asymmetric distribution of the dielectric function arises from the symmetrical distribution of the bond angles of a random network of the SiO4 tetrahedra. For that reason, we developed a dielectric function model which can describe an asymmetrical Gaussian line shape. This asymmetric Gaussian model minimizes the number of parameters needed, which are the one center position and low- and high-Gaussian dis.
Saddlepoint Approximations for Marginal and Conditional Probabilities of Transformed Variables

The Lugannani and Rice formula for tail areas in the univariate case has recently been extended to tail areas for marginal distributions and for conditional distributions in certain multivariate settings. However, the results on relative order of errors are given only formally or under the strong continuity assumptions necessary to obtain density approximations. This paper attempts to give a unified treatment of these results for smooth transformations of multivariate means under weaker conditions appropriate to indirect Edgeworth approximations for probabilities
Minimally Invasive Surgery Using a Shannon Burr for the Treatment of Hallux Valgus Deformity: A Systematic Review

Background: Recently there has been an increase in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for the correction of hallux valgus deformity. This systematic review aims to evaluate and present the current literature on MIS hallux valgus correction in studies reporting the use of the Shannon burr with distal metatarsal osteotomies to help establish evidence-based guidelines for surgeons using this technique. Methods: Two independent authors performed a systematic literature search using the following databases: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol and the Cochrane Handbook guidelines were followed. All studies included were published from 2008 to 2022 and included the use of the Shannon burr during distal metatarsal osteotomies MIS for hallux valgus and at least 12-month follow-up. The MINORS score criteria was used to evaluate the strength and quality of 17 studies by 3 authors. Statistical analysis and meta-analysis were not performed because of the heterogeneity of the included studies and the data being descriptive. Results: A total of 17 studies were reviewed. A total of 911 subjects were included, and 1088 MIS procedures were performed. The average follow-up was 23.8 (12-59.1) months. American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society scale and visual analog scale scores improved from 52.1 (41-62.5) to 90.3 (83.3-97.1) and 4.9 (3-8.2) to 0.8 (0-1.9). Satisfaction rates were very high among the studies that reported it. The hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle, and distal metatarsal articular angle improved from 31.4 (23.5-44.1) to 11.1 (7-17.2), 13.4 (8.1-18.6) to 7.3 (4.2-10.3), and 12.3 (9-16.3) to 4.1 (1-6.7), respectively. The complication rate was 16.6%, and recurrence was 2.2%. Nonunion comprised 0.4%, infections 1.1%, nerve injury 2.2%, avascular necrosis 0%, hallux varus 0.09%, transfer metatarsalgia 0.1%, and hardware removal 6.2%. Conclusion: MIS for the treatment of hallux valgus using the Shannon burr appears to be a safe and effective therapy, with appropriate correction of the hallux valgus deformity, improvement in functional outcomes, high patient satisfaction, low recurrence, and acceptable complication rates. Level of Evidence: Level II, systematic review.
Monthly Average Temperature Modeling in an Intertropical Region

AbstractData for this research come from time series of monthly average temperatures from 28 sites over the Valle del Cauca of Colombia in South America, collected over the period 1971–2002. Because of the geographical location of the study area, monthly average temperature is affected by altitude and El Nino–La Nina (El Nino–Southern Oscillation, or ENSO phenomenon). Time series for some of the sites show a tendency to increase. Also, because of the two dry and wet periods in the study area, a seasonal pattern of behavior in monthly average temperature is seen. Linear mixed models are formulated and fitted to account for within- and between-site variations. The ENSO phenomenon is modeled by the Southern Oscillation index (SOI) and dummy variables. Spatial and temporal covariance structures in the errors are modeled individually using isotropic variogram models. The fitted models demonstrate the influence of the ENSO phenomenon on monthly average temperatures; this is seen in the maps produced from the mo.
Summer Arctic Atmospheric Circulation and Its Association With the Ensuing East Asian Winter Monsoon Variability

The impact of autumn Arctic sea ice reduction on the winter climate in Eurasia has been widely studied, but the role of the atmospheric circulation of the preceding summer has been mostly neglected. This study investigates a linkage between the summer Arctic circulation anomaly and the ensuing East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) variability. The Arctic circulation anomaly, characterized by an anomalous anti‐cyclone occupying the Arctic Ocean and its marginal seas, can strongly melt Arctic sea ice in the Kara Sea‐Laptev Sea‐East Siberian Sea‐Chukchi Sea‐Beaufort Sea through dynamic and thermodynamic processes. The combination of the summer anti‐cyclone (cyclone) anomaly and light (heavy) autumn sea ice leads to an enhanced (weakened) EAWM. By introducing the coupling relationship between summer circulation and autumn sea ice into numerical experiments, the Community Atmospheric Model version 4 model has a good capability for capturing EAWM variability. Nevertheless, the dominant features of EAWM variability cannot be reproduced when the autumn sea ice mismatches the preceding summer circulation in the model. Therefore, the preceding summer circulation may modulate the impact of sea ice on Eurasia to some extent, which may increase uncertainties in the impact of Arctic sea ice loss on winter atmospheric circulation variability.
A Formulation of Unified Three-Dimensional Wave Activity Flux of Inertia–Gravity Waves and Rossby Waves

AbstractA companion paper formulates the three-dimensional wave activity flux (3D-flux-M) whose divergence corresponds to the wave forcing on the primitive equations. However, unlike the two-dimensional wave activity flux, 3D-flux-M does not accurately describe the magnitude and direction of wave propagation. In this study, the authors formulate a modification of 3D-flux-M (3D-flux-W) to describe this propagation using small-amplitude theory for a slowly varying time-mean flow. A unified dispersion relation for inertia–gravity waves and Rossby waves is also derived and used to relate 3D-flux-W to the group velocity. It is shown that 3D-flux-W and the modified wave activity density agree with those for inertia–gravity waves under the constant Coriolis parameter assumption and those for Rossby waves under the small Rossby number assumption.To compare 3D-flux-M with 3D-flux-W, an analysis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) data is performed foc.
Event-triggered Non-fragile State Estimator Design for Interval Type-2 Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Systems via Quadratic Boundedness

This paper is focussed on the design issue of eventtriggered non-fragile state estimator towards interval type-2 fuzzy models confronted with bounded disturbances. The interval type- 2 Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy system model is employed to characterize the modeling uncertainties of complex nonlinear systems. A non-fragile estimator design scheme utilizing norm-bounded gain uncertainty is proposed to tackle the estimator gains changing. Meanwhile, the event-triggered correspondence mechanism is introduced for saving the limited network resources. A new fuzzy estimator synthesis design methodology is presented based on quadratic boundedness technology, the quadratic stability of the error dynamical system is guaranteed. The estimator gains are acquired in virtue of linear matrix inequality. An example is employed to verify the feasibility and applicability of the presented approach.
Comparisons of parameter choice methods for regularization with discrete noisy data

Several prominent methods have been developed for the crucial selection of the parameter in regularization of linear ill-posed problems with discrete, noisy data. The discrepancy principle (DP), minimum bound (MB) method and generalized cross-validation (GCV) are known to be at least weakly asymptotically optimal with respect to appropriate loss functions as the number n of data points approaches infinity. We compare these methods in three other ways. First, n is taken to be fixed and, using a discrete Picard condition, upper and lower bounds on the `expected' DP and MB estimates are derived in terms of the optimal parameters with respect to the risk and expected error. Next, we define a simple measure of the variability of a practical estimate and, for each of the five methods, determine its asymptotic behaviour. The results are that the asymptotic stability of GCV is the same as for the unbiased risk method and is superior to that of DP, which is better than for MB and an unbiased error method. Finally, the results of numerical simulations of the five methods demonstrate that the theoretical conclusions hold in practice.
Coenzyme Q10 Metabolism: A Review of Unresolved Issues

The variable success in the outcome of randomised controlled trials supplementing coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) may in turn be associated with a number of currently unresolved issues relating to CoQ10 metabolism. In this article, we have reviewed what is currently known about these factors and where gaps in knowledge exist that need to be further elucidated. Issues addressed include (i) whether the bioavailability of CoQ10 could be improved; (ii) whether CoQ10 could be administered intravenously; (iii) whether CoQ10 could be administered via alternative routes; (iv) whether CoQ10 can cross the blood-brain barrier; (v) how CoQ10 is transported into and within target cells; (vi) why some clinical trials supplementing CoQ10 may have been unsuccessful; and (vii) which is the most appropriate tissue for the clinical assessment of CoQ10 status.