Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revealing viber communication patterns to assess protocol vulnerability

Viber is a proprietary communication protocol growing in popularity, on mobile devices especially. It represents a trend of replacing traditional protocols with proprietary messaging applications, employing cloud infrastructure support. It also constitutes a challenge to the networking community due to its unknown properties and opaque and highly distributed nature. We present observations-based analysis of the protocol function, topology, communication patterns and vulnerabilities, derived from traffic captures by simple data mining.
Application of Turbo-coded Hybrid ARQ to OFDM , Multicode DS-CDMA and Multicode MC-CDMA and their Performance Comparison

Abstract OFDM, MC-CDMA and DS-CDMA are being researched vigorously as the prospective signaling technique for the next generation of mobile communications systems, which will be characterized by the broadband packet technology. With packet transmission, hybrid ARQ (HARQ) will be inevitable for error control. HARQ with rate compatible punctured turbo (RCPT) codes is one of the promising techniques. Data rate equivalent to the OFDM system can be attained with MC-CDMA and DS-CDMA by assigning all the available codes to the same user resulting in what is commonly referred to as multicode MC-CDMA and multicode DS-CDMA. In this paper we compare the throughput performance of OFDM, multicode MC-CDMA and multicode DS-CDMA when RCPT HARQ is used for error control. Keyword OFDM, multicode MC-CDMA, multicode DS-CDMA, MMSE equalization, RCPT HARQ
The Evidence for Hypoperfusion as a Factor in Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Development

The evidence that hypoxia is a precipitating factor in causing early MS lesions includes increased protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; presence of the D-110 hypoxia-inducible protein; increased expression of hypoxia-inducible genes in lesions as well as in adjacent normal-appearing white matter (NAWM); loss of myelin-associated glycoprotein in myelin of early MS lesions; a 50% reduction of blood flow through NAWM with areas of lowest blood flow having the greatest probability of lesion development. Why MS-like lesions develop following hypoxemic insults in some individuals but not in others is likely dependent upon the presence of immune predisposing factors that are governed genetically. Hypoperfusion may be due to decreased arterial supply, restricted venous return, or a combination of these. There are clinical trials ongoing or planned to treat chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) through angioplasty. I suggest that it is important that clinical trials addressing vascular issues in MS should examine how the vascular intervention affects white matter perfusion and determine whether the extent of perfusion recovery and maintenance of this recovery is related to functional recovery and maintenance of functional recovery. Consideration should also be given to the possibility of arterial problems playing a role in hypoperfusion in some MS patients.
Role of Autoimmune Responses in Periodontal Disease

Periodontal diseases are characterized by localized infections and inflammatory conditions that directly affect teeth supporting structures which are the major cause of tooth loss. Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of autoimmune responses in periodontal disease. Evidences of involvement of immunopathology have been reported in periodontal disease. Bacteria in the dental plaque induce antibody formation. Autoreactive T cells, natural killer cells, ANCA, heat shock proteins, autoantibodies, and genetic factors are reported to have an important role in the autoimmune component of periodontal disease. The present review describes the involvement of autoimmune responses in periodontal diseases and also the mechanisms underlying these responses. This review is an attempt to throw light on the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease highlighting the autoimmunity aspect of the etiopathogenesis involved in the initiation and progression of the disease. However, further clinical trials are required to strengthen the role of autoimmunity as a cause of periodontal disease.
Brand Attitude and Perceived Value and Purchase Intention toward Global Luxury Brands

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article was to examine how brand attitude and perceived value affect purchase intention toward global luxury brands. Drawing from the consumer behavior literature, we hypothesize and test the relationship between brand attitude, perceived value, and purchase intention. A structural equation model test with likelihood estimation was performed to test the relationship among the research variables. The empirical results from the structural model suggest that brand attitude positively influenced perceived value and its three dimensions (social value, personal value, and functional value). Furthermore, perceived values were direct antecedents of purchase intention. In this research, an integrated model of brand attitude, perceived value, and purchase intention was tested in the luxury industry in Iran. The combination of a developing country context and the significance of brand attitudes enhance the contextual contribution of the article.
Preventive Effects of Fermented Brown Rice and Rice Bran against Prostate Carcinogenesis in TRAP Rats

Fermented brown rice and rice bran with Aspergillus oryzae (FBRA) is considered to have the potential to prevent chemically-induced carcinogenesis in multiple organs of rodents. In the present study, we evaluated the possible chemopreventive effects of FBRA against prostate tumorigenesis. Six-week-old male rats of the transgenic rat for adenocarcinoma of prostate (TRAP) strain were fed diets containing 5% or 10% FBRA for 15 weeks. Animals were sacrificed at 21 weeks of age, and the ventral and lateral prostate were removed for histopathological evaluation and immunoblot analyses. FBRA decreased the incidence of adenocarcinoma in the lateral prostate and suppressed the progression of prostate carcinogenesis. Treatment with FBRA induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation in histologically high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias. Phospho-AMP-activated kinase α (Thr172) was up-regulated in the prostate of rats fed the diet supplemented with FBRA. These results indicate that FBRA controls tumor growth by activating pathways responsive to energy deprivation and suggest that FBRA has translational potential for the prevention of human prostate cancer.
The different functions and clinical significances of caveolin-1 in human adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a major structural protein of caveolae, is an integral membrane protein which plays an important role in the progression of carcinoma. However, whether Cav-1 acts as a tumor promoter or a tumor suppressor still remains controversial. For example, the tumor-promoting function of Cav-1 has been found in renal cancer, prostate cancer, tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), lung SCC and bladder SCC. In contrast, Cav-1 also plays an inhibitory role in esophagus adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma and cutaneous SCC. The role of Cav-1 is still controversial in thyroid cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, pancreas cancer, oral SCC, laryngeal SCC, head and neck SCC, esophageal SCC and cervical SCC. Besides, it has been reported that the loss of stromal Cav-1 might predict poor prognosis in breast cancer, gastric cancer, pancreas cancer, prostate cancer, oral SCC and esophageal SCC. However, the accumulation of stromal Cav-1 has been found to be promoted by the progression of tongue SCC. Taken together, Cav-1 seems playing a different role in different cancer subtypes even of the same organ, as well as acting differently in the same cancer subtype of different organs. Thus, we hereby explore the functions of Cav-1 in human adenocarcinoma and SCC from the perspective of clinical significances and pathogenesis. We envision that novel targets may come with the further investigation of Cav-1 in carcinogenesis.
Diversity of User Activity and Content Quality in Online Communities

Web sites where users create and rate content display long-tailed distributions in many aspects of behavior. Using one such community site, Essembly, we propose and evaluate mechanisms to explain these behaviors. Unlike purely descriptive models, these mechanisms rely on user behaviors based on information available to each user. For Essembly, we find the long-tails arise from large differences among user activity rates, the time users devote to the site, and qualities of the rated content. The models not only explain overall behavior but also allow estimating the properties of users and content from their early behaviors.
What Communication Modalities Do Users Prefer in Real Time HRI?

This paper investigates users' preferred interaction modalities when playing an imitation game with KASPAR, a small child-sized humanoid robot. The study involved 16 adult participants teaching the robot to mime a nursery rhyme via one of three interaction modalities in a real-time Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) experiment: voice, guiding touch and visual demonstration. The findings suggest that the users appeared to have no preference in terms of human effort for completing the task. However, there was a significant difference in human enjoyment preferences of input modality and a marginal difference in the robot's perceived ability to imitate.
Applying Coreference to Improve Name Recognition

We present a novel method of applying the results of coreference resolution to improve Name Recognition for Chinese. We consider first some methods for gauging the confidence of individual tags assigned by a statistical name tagger. For names with low confidence, we show how these names can be filtered using coreference features to improve accuracy. In addition, we present rules which use coreference information to correct some name tagging errors. Finally, we show how these gains can be magnified by clustering documents and using cross-document coreference in these clusters. These combined methods yield an absolute improvement of about 3.1% in tagger F score.
Learning from Examples with Unspeciied Attribute Values

We introduce the UAV learning model in which some of the attributes in the examples are unspeciied. In our model, an example x is classiied positive (resp., negative) if all possible assignments for the unspeciied attributes result in a positive (resp., negative) classiication. Otherwise the classiication given to x is \? " (for unknown). Given an example x in which some attributes are unspeciied, the oracle UAV-MQ responds with the classiication of x. Given a hypothesis h, the oracle UAV-EQ returns 1 an example x (that could have unspeciied attributes) for which h(x) is incorrect. We show that any class learnable in the exact model using the MQ and EQ oracles is also learnable in the UAV model using the MQ and UAV-EQ oracles as long as the counterexamples provided by the UAV-EQ oracle have a logarithmic number of unspeciied attributes. We also show that any class learnable in the exact model using the MQ and EQ oracles is also learnable in the UAV model using the UAV-MQ and UAV-EQ oracles as well as an oracle to evaluate a given boolean formula on an example with unspeciied attributes. (For some hypothesis classes such as decision trees and unate formulas the evaluation can be done in polynomial time without an oracle.) We also study the learnability of a universal class of decision trees under the UAV model and of DNF formulas under a representation-dependent variation of the UAV model.
The Global Ecology and Epidemiology of West Nile Virus

Since its initial isolation in Uganda in 1937 through the present, West Nile virus (WNV) has become an important cause of human and animal disease worldwide. WNV, an enveloped virus of the genus Flavivirus, is naturally maintained in an enzootic cycle between birds and mosquitoes, with occasional epizootic spillover causing disease in humans and horses. The mosquito vectors for WNV are widely distributed worldwide, and the known geographic range of WNV transmission and disease has continued to increase over the past 77 years. While most human infections with WNV are asymptomatic, severe neurological disease may develop resulting in long-term sequelae or death. Surveillance and preventive measures are an ongoing need to reduce the public health impact of WNV in areas with the potential for transmission.
Reactivation and Precise Interplanetary Network Localization of the Soft Gamma Repeater SGR 1900+14

In 1998 May, the soft gamma repeater SGR 1900+14 emerged from several years of quiescence and emitted a series of intense bursts, one with a time history unlike any previously observed from this source. Triangulation using Ulysses, BATSE, and KONUS data gives a 1.6 arcmin2 error box near the Galactic supernova remnant G42.8+0.6. This error box contains a quiescent soft X-ray source that is probably a neutron star associated with the soft repeater.
NOTESCAPITAL PUNISHMENT: ITS ADMINISTRATION IN RELATION TO JUVENILE OFFENDERS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND ITS POSSIBLE ADMINISTRATION IN THE EIGHTEENTH

temper of the public with regard to the treatment of crime and criminals is one of the most unfailing tests of the civilisation of any country. " As an age's penal system, therefore, is used as a factor in determining its inhumanity or otherwise, it is the aim of this paper to put this question of the execution of children into some perspective. Before one can make any value judgments, such as that a particular age was barbaric and inhumane in having children sentenced to death and executed, it is necessary to establish to what extent the death penalty was carried out on children who had committed capital offences. Also, one must establish in what way, if at all, the harshness of the law in capital matters was mitigated. The law, i.e., where the death penalty was concerned, in relation to children in the nineteenth century, broadly speaking, was as follows : no child under the age of seven could be put to death. Between the ages of seven and fourteen it was held that children were doli incapax {i.e., incapable of committing a felony), which meant, therefore, that they would not normally be subject to capital punishment, but if it could be proved that a given child was in fact doli capax, such a child was then deemed a proper subject for the death penalty. On attaining the age of fourteen a person became fully liable to capital punishment.1 Despite the fact that children under the age of fourteen were presumed to be doli incapax, it was no uncommon thing for a child to be condemned to death, though this is not to say that vast numbers of them were so condemned. Up to the mid-i830s there were many offences (some of them trivial)2 which were capital, and it will be seen, therefore, that the odds were that many a child would commit a capital crime.
Multiple pathways regulate shoot branching

Shoot branching patterns result from the spatio-temporal regulation of axillary bud outgrowth. Numerous endogenous, developmental and environmental factors are integrated at the bud and plant levels to determine numbers of growing shoots. Multiple pathways that converge to common integrators are most probably involved. We propose several pathways involving not only the classical hormones auxin, cytokinins and strigolactones, but also other signals with a strong influence on shoot branching such as gibberellins, sugars or molecular actors of plant phase transition. We also deal with recent findings about the molecular mechanisms and the pathway involved in the response to shade as an example of an environmental signal controlling branching. We propose the TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, PCF transcription factor TB1/BRC1 and the polar auxin transport stream in the stem as possible integrators of these pathways. We finally discuss how modeling can help to represent this highly dynamic system by articulating knowledges and hypothesis and calculating the phenotype properties they imply.
Instantaneous frequency estimation via conditional spectral moments and matching pursuit decomposition

The conditional spectral moments are important concepts in signal analysis. In this paper, we decompose a nonstationary signal by use of the matching pursuit algorithm, through using two different types of dictionaries (i.e., the Gaussian and damped sinusoids dictionaries). Then we give expressions for the first and second conditional spectral moments, which are generalizations of the ideas of instantaneous frequency and instantaneous bandwidth. Although in many cases the second conditional moment is not positive and this makes the usual interpretation of this quantity impossible, in this paper we will prove that with matching pursuit decomposition, by using the Gaussian or damped sinusoids dictionaries, the second conditional moment is always positive. In addition, we show that the first moment closely estimates the true instantaneous frequency of the signal.
ec 2 00 4 Cut vertices in commutative graphs

The homology of Kontsevich’s commutative graph complex parameterizes finite type invariants of odd dimensional manifolds. This graph homology is also the twisted homology of Outer Space modulo its boundary, so gives a nice point of contact between geometric group theory and quantum topology. In this paper we give two different proofs (one algebraic, one geometric) that the commutative graph complex is quasi-isomorphic to the quotient complex obtained by modding out by graphs with cut vertices. This quotient complex has the advantage of being smaller and hence more practical for computations. In addition, it supports a Lie bialgebra structure coming from a bracket and cobracket we defined in a previous paper. As an application, we compute the rational homology groups of the commutative graph complex up to rank 7.
Vehicle driver's ECG and sitting posture monitoring system

An ECG monitoring system comprised of six wearable textile-based electrodes is used to detect the ECG and sitting posture of vehicle drivers. The electrodes are washable, comfortable, sewed into ordinary shirt, and not connected with extra wires; as a result, they not only detect drivers' ECG while they move, but also prevent hindering their driving. While drivers change the sitting postures, different electrodes are activated and change the morphology of ECG; this is how drivers' sitting postures are determined. A tri-axes accelerometer is also used to analyze ECG and detect the urban road condition. The monitoring system provides e-health services by transmitting signals to a PDA through Bluetooth. When it is necessary, the PDA is capable to transmit ECG and accelerometer signals to remote monitory center. The safety and health of drivers and pedestrians are the key issues of e-health for urban lives.
Costly Infidelity: Low Lifetime Fitness of Extra-Pair Offspring in a Passerine Bird

Extra‐pair copulation (EPC) is widespread in socially monogamous species, but its evolutionary benefits remain controversial. Indirect genetic benefit hypotheses postulate that females engage in EPC to produce higher quality extra‐pair offspring (EPO) than within‐pair offspring (WPO). In contrast, the sexual conflict hypothesis posits that EPC is beneficial to males but not to females. Thus, under the sexual conflict hypothesis, EPO are predicted to be no fitter than WPO. We tested these two hypotheses in a 12‐year dataset with complete life‐history and pedigree information from an isolated island population of house sparrows (Passer domesticus). We compared fitness components of EPO and two types of WPO: (1) WPO from genetically polyandrous “unfaithful” mothers, and (2) WPO from genetically monogamous mothers. We found that all three groups of offspring had similar probabilities of hatching and nestling survival. Unexpectedly, EPO had the lowest probability of recruiting into the breeding population and the lowest lifetime reproductive output. Our results indicate that EPO incurred indirect genetic costs, rather than benefits, which is contrary to indirect benefit models. Importantly, the indirect costs we observed are also underappreciated in current sexual conflict models. Our results call for improved theoretical frameworks that incorporate indirect costs by extending current sexual conflict models.
PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCE OF ENGLISH TEACHERS WITH NON-ENGLISH EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND IN KUNINGAN REGENCY: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

This paper analyzed pedagogical competence of Junior High School English Teachers with Non-English Educational background in Kuningan. The method was qualitative research and the data were structured observation, questionnaire, and interview. In this research, the respondents were nine English Teachers with Non-English Educational Background in different school, and were chosen by convenience sampling. Based on the findings of the research, English Teachers with Non-English Educational Background only have done the indicator number: (1) Mastering learners’ characteristics from the physical aspect, moral, spiritual, social, cultural, emotional, and intellectual; (2) Mastering the theory of learning and the principles of educated learning; (3) Developing the curriculum associated with the lessons; (6) Facilitating learners’ potential to actualize their potential; (7) Communicating effectively, empathic, and polite with learners; (8) Conducting the assessment, the process evaluation, and the learning outcomes; and (9) Utilizing the results of assessment and evaluation. Then, the teachers were indicated as teachers who are not maximum in the indicator number; (4) Conducting educated learning; (5) Utilizing information and communication technology for learning, and (10) Doing a reflective action to improve the quality of learning. The main problem of English Teachers with Non-English Educational Background is pronunciation because they were confused in saying something in English. There are also the solutions of all the problems like joining MGMP or teacher’s forum. Keywords: pedagogical competence, English Teachers with Non-English Educational Background, EFL Classroom, problems, solution.
Survey of Slicing Finite State Machine Models

Slicing is a technique, traditionally applied to programs, for extracting the parts of a program that affect the values computed at a statement of interest. In recent years authors have begun to consider slicing at the model level. We present a detailed review of existing work on slicing at the level of finite state machine-based models. We focus on state based modelling notations because these have received sufficient attention from the slicing community that there is now a coherent body of hitherto unsurveyed work. We also identify the challenges that state based slicing present and how the existing literature has addressed these. We conclude by identifying problems that remain open either because of the challenges involved in addressing them or because the community simply has yet to turn its attention to solving them.
Selection of Adjuvants for Enhanced Vaccine Potency

The advent of mass vaccination has saved millions of human lives and revolutionized the quality of life. Vaccination is currently one of the most cost effective ways of managing healthcare costs in both emerging and developed countries. Despite the long vaccine history and success, design and development of efficacious and safe vaccines has been tradi-tionally semi-empirical. This is mainly due to our limited understanding of vaccination mechanism and its influencing factors. The most important factor is arguably the type and concentration of vaccine adjuvants. Until recently, however, only one type of adjuvant – aluminum salts, had been widely used within licensed human vaccines in the US, even though a variety of novel adjuvants have been evaluated in the past few decades. This review summarizes the key adju-vants that have been evaluated in recent years with an intention to facilitate more efficient development of vaccine products to combat human diseases.