Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor signaling by the SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase SHPTP1

SHPTP1 (PTP1C, HCP, SHP) is an SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase expressed predominantly in hematopoietic cells. A frameshift mutation in the SHPTP1 gene causes the motheaten (me/me) mouse. These mice are essentially SHPTP1 null and display multiple hematopoietic abnormalities, most prominently hyperproliferation and inappropriate activation of granulocytes and macrophages. The me/me phenotype suggests that SHPTP1 negatively regulates macrophage proliferative pathways. Using primary bone marrow-derived macrophages from me/me mice and normal littermates, we examined the role of SHPTP1 in regulating signaling by the major macrophage mitogen colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) (also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor). Macrophages from me/me mice hyperproliferate in response to CSF-1. In the absence of SHPTP1, the CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) is hyperphosphorylated upon CSF-1 stimulation, suggesting that SHPTP1 dephosphorylates the CSF-1R. At least some CSF-1R-associated proteins also are hyperactivated. SHPTP1 is associated constitutively, via its SH2 domains, with an unidentified 130-kDa phosphotyrosyl protein (P130). P130 and SHPTP1 are further tyrosyl phosphorylated upon CSF-1 stimulation. Tyrosyl-phosphorylated SHPTP1 binds to Grb2 via the Grb2 SH2 domain. Moreover, in me/me macrophages, Grb2 is associated, via its SH3 domains, with several tyrosyl phosphoproteins. These proteins are hyperphosphorylated on tyrosyl residues in me/me macrophages, suggesting that Grb2 may recruit substrates for SHPTP1. Our results indicate that SHPTP1 is a critical negative regulator of CSF-1 signaling in vivo and suggest a potential new function for Grb2.
Influences on Attitude-Behavior Relationships

A simple model was tested in which attitudinal factors and external conditions act in combination to influence behavior. The model predicts that behavior is a monotonic function of attitudes and external conditions and that the strength of the attitude-behavior relationship is a curvilinear function of the strength of the external conditions, with extreme values setting boundary conditions on the applicability of attitude models. The model also allows for interactions in which perceived costs enter into the attitudinal process. Evidence is taken from a natural experiment in recycling in which collection bins for curbside pickup had been provided to 26% of 257 survey respondents. Consistent with the model, main effects of attitudes and external conditions were found, as was an interaction effect in which the Schwartz norm-activation model predicted recycling behavior only for households without bins. Interactive models such as the one developed here can yield better policy-relevant analyses by clarifying the relationships between external and internal influences on behavior change.
VP-transform: A novel vanishing point-based image transform for enhancement of people localization

The widespread use of vision-based surveillance systems has inspires many research efforts on people localization. In this paper, a novel nonlinear image transform based on the vanishing point of vertical lines, entitled VP-transform, is proposed for enhancement of the people localization scheme proposed in [1]. Utilizing the characteristic that the extensions of vertical lines intersect at a vanishing point, the proposed transformation aims at producing rectified images wherein each standing/walking person will have an upright appearance. Thus, the degradation in localization accuracy, due to deviation of the constraint of camera configuration specified in [1], can be alleviated. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed image transform that significant improvement in people localization can be achieved.
Yeast Pah1p Phosphatidate Phosphatase Is Regulated by Proteasome-mediated Degradation*

Background: Yeast Pah1p phosphatidate phosphatase is most active in stationary phase to produce diacylglycerol for triacylglycerol synthesis. Results: Pah1p is degraded in stationary phase and stabilized by proteasome inhibitor MG132, mutations in proteasome function and ubiquitination, and elevated levels of phosphatidate. Conclusion: Pah1p is regulated by proteasome-mediated degradation. Significance: Regulation of Pah1p stability/degradation is important to lipid homeostatic mechanisms. Yeast PAH1-encoded phosphatidate phosphatase is the enzyme responsible for the production of the diacylglycerol used for the synthesis of triacylglycerol that accumulates in the stationary phase of growth. Paradoxically, the growth phase-mediated inductions of PAH1 and phosphatidate phosphatase activity do not correlate with the amount of Pah1p; enzyme abundance declined in a growth phase-dependent manner. Pah1p from exponential phase cells was a relatively stable protein, and its abundance was not affected by incubation with an extract from stationary phase cells. Recombinant Pah1p was degraded upon incubation with the 100,000 × g pellet fraction of stationary phase cells, although the enzyme was stable when incubated with the same fraction of exponential phase cells. MG132, an inhibitor of proteasome function, prevented degradation of the recombinant enzyme. Endogenously expressed and plasmid-mediated overexpressed levels of Pah1p were more abundant in the stationary phase of cells treated with MG132. Pah1p was stabilized in mutants with impaired proteasome (rpn4Δ, blm10Δ, ump1Δ, and pre1 pre2) and ubiquitination (hrd1Δ, ubc4Δ, ubc7Δ, ubc8Δ, and doa4Δ) functions. The pre1 pre2 mutations that eliminate nearly all chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20 S proteasome had the greatest stabilizing effect on enzyme levels. Taken together, these results supported the conclusion that Pah1p is subject to proteasome-mediated degradation in the stationary phase. That Pah1p abundance was stabilized in pah1Δ mutant cells expressing catalytically inactive forms of Pah1p and dgk1Δ mutant cells with induced expression of DGK1-encoded diacylglycerol kinase indicated that alteration in phosphatidate and/or diacylglycerol levels might be the signal that triggers Pah1p degradation.
What lessons can be learned about asthma phenotypes in children from cohort studies?

‘Phenotyping’ asthma by multivariate analyses and more recently by unsupervised analysis has been performed in children cohorts. We describe the key findings that have emerged from these cohorts. It would appear that there are three wheeze phenotypes in children of preschool age: the mild episodic viral wheeze phenotype; the multitrigger atopic wheeze; and, less often encountered, the severe non‐atopic wheeze. Early onset of allergy in asthma (more prevalent in boys) is associated with poor prognosis unlike the severe non‐atopic wheeze phenotype which has a female predominance. The prognosis of the severe non‐atopic wheeze depends on time of onset (early or late) of allergic expression. At school age, the risk of severe asthmatic exacerbations is associated with eosinophil predominant inflammation frequently related to allergic asthma, whereas neutrophil inflammation is associated with moderate‐to‐severe asthma with poorer lung function. Nevertheless, allergic asthma is also a heterogeneous disease with a severe allergic phenotype strongly associated with atopic dermatitis and very high eosinophil‐driven inflammatory markers. Further studies are required to find non‐invasive biological markers in very young children to better define wheezing phenotypes associated with an elevated risk of developing severe asthma with a view to personalizing treatment.
Noradrenaline release in rat locus coeruleus is regulated by both opioid and alpha(2) -adrenoceptors.

Extracellular fluid levels of noradrenaline (NA) in the locus coeruleus (LC) during naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal with pretreatment of yohimbine (1 mg kg (-1), s.c. ) or clonidine (1 mg kg (-1), s.c. ) were measured in rats. There was a significant increase in the NA level after the injection of naloxone (2 mg kg (-1), i.p.) in the morphine-dependent rats. Moreover, the NA levels in the LC markedly increased during the 30-60 min following the naloxone (i.p.) challenge in the morphine-dependent rats pretreated with yohimbine. In contrast, the naloxone challenge in morphine-dependent rats pretreated with clonidine notably decreased the levels of NA in the LC. Behavioral signs of withdrawal were observed following the naloxone challenge in the morphine-dependent rats pretreated with yohimbine, with minimal signs in the morphine-infused rats pretreated with clonidine, and none in the saline-infused controls. These results directly suggest that NA increased within the LC after the naloxone challenge in morphine-dependent animals pretreated with yohimbine may be, at least in part, regulated by alpha(2) -adrenoceptors in the LC.
Treatment of fractures and dislocations of the thoracic and lumbar spine.

Cet article decrit les lesions osseuses, les lesions neurologiques et le traitement des fractures dorsales hautes (2eme a 10eme vertebres dorsales), des fractures et luxations dorso-lombaires (D 11 a L 4 ) et des fractures de L 5 avec un deficit neurologique
Integration Policies in Migration Between Nationalising States and Transnational Citizenship, with Reference to the Slovenian Case

The article explores issues related to integration in migration management as it is understood in Slovenia as an EU member-state since 2004. The Slovene situation is used as empirical background for debating integration, which is promoted as an inclusive response in migration policies, and also as a restriction on migrant citizens. The article proceeds from discussing a situation in a specific nation-state to considering integration as a mechanism of nationalising states, as an institution for grounding what Balibar calls ‘fictive ethnicity’. The argument is provided for why nationalising states with naturalisation policies equate citizenship with nationality. Integration is foregrounded as a human rights paradox that keeps migrants in a position of non-nationals. An attempt is made to develop a frame for possible thinking of migration in a transnational citizenship perspective, i.e. beyond the borders of nation-states.
Computation of motion direction by quail retinal ganglion cells that have a nonconcentric receptive field

One type of retinal ganglion cells prefers object motion in a particular direction. Neuronal mechanisms for the computation of motion direction are still unknown. We quantitatively mapped excitatory and inhibitory regions of receptive fields for directionally selective retinal ganglion cells in the Japanese quail, and found that the inhibitory regions are displaced about 1–3 deg toward the side where the null sweep starts, relative to the excitatory regions. Directional selectivity thus results from delayed transient suppression exerted by the nonconcentrically arranged inhibitory regions, and not by local directional inhibition as hypothesized by Barlow and Levick (1965).
Unbounded Dependency Recovery for Parser Evaluation

This paper introduces a new parser evaluation corpus containing around 700 sentences annotated with unbounded dependencies, from seven different grammatical constructions. We run a series of off-the-shelf parsers on the corpus to evaluate how well state-of-the-art parsing technology is able to recover such dependencies. The overall results range from 25% accuracy to 59%. These low scores call into question the validity of using Parseval scores as a general measure of parsing capability. We discuss the importance of parsers being able to recover unbounded dependencies, given their relatively low frequency in corpora. We also analyse the various errors made on these constructions by one of the more successful parsers.
Mutuality Relations, Observation, and Intentional Constraints

Stoffregen (target article, this issue) asks whether animals detect information specific to events and therefore perceive events as such, or whether animals always perceive affordances, which reflect the possibilities for action of a surrounding layout of surfaces. He concludes the latter. We examine this issue with special reference to the concepts of (a) the simultaneity of exteroception and proprioception, (b) observation, and (c) intention as a constraint on information detection. We argue that animals do not always have to perceive affordances and that during observation, events (in relation to the animal) may be perceived. We discuss the role of intention in constraining mutuality relations with respect to specific behaviors.
Claiming Mood as a Self-Handicap

The present study examined self-presentational claims of handicaps to future performance. Specifically, it was hypothesized that subjects would claim a handicap when others were unaware of a prior failing performance. Subjects initially completed a "social accuracy" test and received false feedback that they had failed. When led to believe that the experimenter was unaware of the previous failure, subjects were more likely to-claim mood as a handicap to an upcoming task than when they believed that the experimenter was aware of the failure. Results of the study are discussed in terms of a distinction between protective and acquisitive self-presentation and the role of public identity in self-handicapping behaviors.
Residential mental health assessment within Dutch criminal cases: a discussion.

In Dutch criminal cases in which doubts arise about the defendant's mental health, a forensic assessment will be requested. This is provided either by the multidisciplinary staff of residential clinics who conduct forensic evaluations for the court, or by mental health professionals contracted on a part-time basis by district courts. This article discusses the procedures applied in such cases as well as the relevant legal provisions. It focuses particularly on the clinical observation, evaluation, and reporting that is carried out over a number of weeks in the residential setting of the Pieter Baan Centrum. Specific attention is paid to procedures applied in this clinic. It is suggested that Dutch procedures for the use of mental health expertise can best be characterized by three aspects: multidisciplinary observation and reporting, the use of a sliding scale for indicating degree of responsibility, and, finally, the involvement and payment of experts by the state as such, rather than by the prosecution and/or the defense.
Feeling compromised - the impact on teachers of the performance culture

Whilst the rhetoric of government reform has for a number of years been directed towards school self-governance and delegated responsibility, the experience of teachers and of school leaders is highly contradictory. Individuals are left in a difficult situation, where they appear as the agents of their own destiny but within circumstances not of their own making. A by-product of this illusive relocation of power is an ambiguous feeling of permanently shifting demands. A disturbing and problematic redefinition of the teacher’s role and identity is occurring.
Extensible FlexRay Communication Controller for FPGA-Based Automotive Systems

Modern vehicles incorporate an increasing number of distributed compute nodes, resulting in the need for faster and more reliable in-vehicle networks. Time-triggered protocols such as FlexRay have been gaining ground as the standard for high-speed reliable communications in the automotive industry, marking a shift away from the event-triggered medium access used in controller area networks (CANs). These new standards enable the higher levels of determinism and reliability demanded from next-generation safety-critical applications. Advanced applications can benefit from tight coupling of the embedded computing units with the communication interface, thereby providing functionality beyond the FlexRay standard. Such an approach is highly suited to implementation on reconfigurable architectures. This paper describes a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based communication controller (CC) that features configurable extensions to provide functionality that is unavailable with standard implementations or off-the-shelf devices. It is implemented and verified on a Xilinx Spartan 6 FPGA, integrated with both a logic-based hardware ECU and a fully fledged processor-based electronic control unit (ECU). Results show that the platform-centric implementation generates a highly efficient core in terms of power, performance, and resource utilization. We demonstrate that the flexible extensions help enable advanced applications that integrate features such as fault tolerance, timeliness, and security, with practical case studies. This tight integration between the controller, computational functions, and flexible extensions on the controller enables enhancements that open the door for exciting applications in future vehicles.
A sound worth saving: acoustic characteristics of a massive fish spawning aggregation

Group choruses of marine animals can produce extraordinarily loud sounds that markedly elevate levels of the ambient soundscape. We investigated sound production in the Gulf corvina (Cynoscion othonopterus), a soniferous marine fish with a unique reproductive behaviour threatened by overfishing, to compare with sounds produced by other marine animals. We coupled echosounder and hydrophone surveys to estimate the magnitude of the aggregation and sounds produced during spawning. We characterized individual calls and documented changes in the soundscape generated by the presence of as many as 1.5 million corvina within a spawning aggregation spanning distances up to 27 km. We show that calls by male corvina represent the loudest sounds recorded in a marine fish, and the spatio-temporal magnitude of their collective choruses are among the loudest animal sounds recorded in aquatic environments. While this wildlife spectacle is at great risk of disappearing due to overfishing, regional conservation efforts are focused on other endangered marine animals.
Practices at an AYUSH health camp for asthma in Pendra, Chhattisgarh

Chhattisgarh has abundant herbal resources and a parallel AYUSH public health system. AYUSH health camps are conducted regularly in rural areas of the State by public and social sectors. The study aims to advocate the gravity of policy issues involved in AYUSH practices at health camps. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Pendra block of Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh. Random sample of 600 people attending the camp were interviewed. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on disease complaints and established risk factors for asthma. Pearson's Chi-square test was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Analysis suggests that there was a significant decrease in reported asthmatic attacks (OR 6.68, 95% CI 4.05–11.01) among those who attended the camp. Established risk factors of asthma that were identified as prevalent in the community were using wood and biomass as fuel (OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.30–5.24) and damp walls (OR 1.88, CI 0.9–3.93). Practices at AYUSH health camps conducted by the public and nonpublic sectors need to be documented and reported. People have faith in traditional medicine, and the remedies and practices need to be further explicated and validated in context to health care-seeking practices. The importance of formulation of guidelines by the government for conducting AYUSH health camps is indicated.
A modified DSTATCOM topology for power quality enhancement

In this paper, the topology of distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) with a three-phase four-wire system is modified. The modification concerns with the interfacing filter and DC-link capacitor with a goal of improving the system power factor, stabilizing the system voltages and eliminating the harmonic distortion resulting from nonlinear loads. The modified DSTATCOM has a three-leg inverter with a DC-link having a single DC capacitor in addition to a small capacitor connected between the system neutral wire and the negative terminal of the DC-link. To interface the inverter, series inductor with shunt filter capacitor is applied to ensure correct injection of the compensation current. Instantaneous symmetrical component theory (ISCT) is used to generate the compensator reference current which satisfies the power quality improvement through power factor correction, harmonic elimination and load balancing. Matlab Simulink programs are used to validate the advantages of the proposed modification and control of DSTATCOM. The simulation results show that the modification and associated control algorithm emphasize the system current balance, extremely low value of total harmonic distortion (THD) and desired power factor.
Genome-Wide Analysis of the AP2/ERF Gene Family in Physic Nut and Overexpression of the JcERF011 Gene in Rice Increased Its Sensitivity to Salinity Stress

The AP2/ERF transcription factors play crucial roles in plant growth, development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. A total of 119 AP2/ERF genes (JcAP2/ERFs) have been identified in the physic nut genome; they include 16 AP2, 4 RAV, 1 Soloist, and 98 ERF genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that physic nut AP2 genes could be divided into 3 subgroups, while ERF genes could be classed into 11 groups or 43 subgroups. The AP2/ERF genes are non-randomly distributed across the 11 linkage groups of the physic nut genome and retain many duplicates which arose from ancient duplication events. The expression patterns of several JcAP2/ERF duplicates in the physic nut showed differences among four tissues (root, stem, leaf, and seed), and 38 JcAP2/ERF genes responded to at least one abiotic stressor (drought, salinity, phosphate starvation, and nitrogen starvation) in leaves and/or roots according to analysis of digital gene expression tag data. The expression of JcERF011 was downregulated by salinity stress in physic nut roots. Overexpression of the JcERF011 gene in rice plants increased its sensitivity to salinity stress. The increased expression levels of several salt tolerance-related genes were impaired in the JcERF011-overexpressing plants under salinity stress.
Work and Care: New Legal Mechanisms for Adaptation

Abstract This article discusses a number of legal developments that are designed to help workers adapt their jobs in order to care for others. There is evidence of an increased permeability of work to care in some jurisdictions, especially those in the European Union. The new legal developments considered are the creation of a specific category of leave to attend to care emergencies, a broadening of the legal definitions of those who may be cared for, and improved access to and quality of part-time work. The paper concludes that, without legal intervention, the task of self-regulating work and care is unnecessarily burdensome to those, chiefly women, who undertake it.
Separation and assembly of deep sequencing data into discrete sub-population genomes

Abstract Sequence heterogeneity is a common characteristic of RNA viruses that is often referred to as sub-populations or quasispecies. Traditional techniques used for assembly of short sequence reads produced by deep sequencing, such as de-novo assemblers, ignore the underlying diversity. Here, we introduce a novel algorithm that simultaneously assembles discrete sequences of multiple genomes present in populations. Using in silico data we were able to detect populations at as low as 0.1% frequency with complete global genome reconstruction and in a single sample detected 16 resolved sequences with no mismatches. We also applied the algorithm to high throughput sequencing data obtained for viruses present in sewage samples and successfully detected multiple sub-populations and recombination events in these diverse mixtures. High sensitivity of the algorithm also enables genomic analysis of heterogeneous pathogen genomes from patient samples and accurate detection of intra-host diversity, enabling not just basic research in personalized medicine but also accurate diagnostics and monitoring drug therapies, which are critical in clinical and regulatory decision-making process.