Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Properties of the high-mass star forming region IRAS 22475+5939

IRAS 22475+5939 has been well studied by previous astronomers, but we can still discover new characteristics about it, using the first observations of the lines from CO J=2−1, 13CO J=2−1 and 13CO J=3−2 by the KOSMA 3m telescope. The mapping of the intensity ratio of 13CO J=3−2 and 13CO J=2−1 shows that the distribution of the temperature has two peaks, neither of which coincide with the IRAS 22475+5939 source or the center of the HII region, but rather are located at the edge of the HII region. Overlays of the Spitzer IRAC 8 μm with CO contours indicate that they are associated with each other and that the strongest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission is at the IRAS 22475+5939 source position. The IRAS LRS spectrum at 7 μm ∼ 23 μm and the PHT-s spectrum at 2 μm ∼ 12 μm of the IRAS 22475+5939 source also exhibit strong PAH emission characteristics in the main PAH bands. The diversity of the PAH family should be responsible for the plateaus in the PAH emission in the PHT-s and IRAS-LRS spectra. Analysis and modeling in the infrared bands suggest that IRAS 22475+5939 is more likely to be a class I young stellar object. Where this is the case, the star is likely to have a temperature of Teff ∼ 9995.8K, mass ∼ 15.34 M⊙, luminosity ∼ 1.54 × 104 L⊙ and age ∼ 1.54 × 104 yr. The model shows that circumstellar disc emission is important for wavelengths between 1 and 10 μm, otherwise, the envelope fluctuates for λ > 10μm. Bipolar outflow is confirmed in the molecular cloud, and the excited star of the HII region could be the driving source of the outflow. High resolution is required for better results.
TESTING THEORIES OF GRAVITATION USING 21-YEAR TIMING OF PULSAR BINARY J1713+0747

We report 21-year timing of one of the most precise pulsars: PSR J1713+0747. Its pulse times of arrival are well modeled by a comprehensive pulsar binary model including its three-dimensional orbit and a noise model that incorporates short- and long-timescale correlated noise such as jitter and red noise. Its timing residuals have weighted root mean square ∼92 ns. The new data set allows us to update and improve previous measurements of the system properties, including the masses of the neutron star (1.31 ± 0.11 M⊙) and the companion white dwarf (0.286 ± 0.012 M⊙) as well as their parallax distance 1.15 ± 0.03 kpc. We measured the intrinsic change in orbital period, P ˙ b Int ? > , is −0.20 ± 0.17 ps s−1, which is not distinguishable from zero. This result, combined with the measured P ˙ b Int ? > of other pulsars, can place a generic limit on potential changes in the gravitational constant G. We found that G ˙ / G ? > is consistent with zero [(−0.6 ± 1.1) × 10−12 yr−1, 95% confidence] and changes at least a factor of 31 (99.7% confidence) more slowly than the average expansion rate of the universe. This is the best G ˙ / G ? > limit from pulsar binary systems. The P ˙ b Int ? > of pulsar binaries can also place limits on the putative coupling constant for dipole gravitational radiation κ D = ( − 0.9 ± 3.3 ) × 10 − 4 ? > (95% confidence). Finally, the nearly circular orbit of this pulsar binary allows us to constrain statistically the strong-field post-Newtonian parameters Δ, which describes the violation of strong equivalence principle, and &agr; ˆ 3 ? > , which describes a breaking of both Lorentz invariance in gravitation and conservation of momentum. We found, at 95% confidence, Δ < 0.01 ? > and &agr; ˆ 3 < 2 × 10 − 20 ? > based on PSR J1713+0747.
Design, Synthesis, Anti-Varicella-Zoster and Antimicrobial Activity of (Isoxazolidin-3-yl)Phosphonate Conjugates of N1-Functionalised Quinazoline-2,4-Diones

Dipolar cycloaddition of the N-substituted C-(diethoxyphosphonyl)nitrones with N3-allyl-N1-benzylquinazoline-2,4-diones produced mixtures of diastereoisomeric 3-(diethoxyphosphonyl)isoxazolidines with a N1-benzylquinazoline-2,4-dione unit at C5. The obtained compounds were assessed for antiviral and antibacterial activities. Several compounds showed moderate inhibitory activities against VZV with EC50 values in the range of 12.63–58.48 µM. A mixture of isoxazolidines cis-20c/trans-20c (6:94) was found to be the most active against B. cereus PCM 1948, showing an MIC value 0.625 mg/mL, and also was not mutagenic up to this concentration.
Three-dimensional fluid modeling of plasma edge transport and divertor fluxes during RMP control at ITER

Results from three-dimensional modeling of plasma edge transport and plasma wall interaction during application of resonant magnetic perturbation for ELM control at ITER are presented. We show a systematic assessment of the impact of RMP application on the divertor ﬂuxes and the plasma edge structure for the ITER standard H-mode scenario. Two perturbation ﬁeld amplitudes at full and half of the ITER RMP coil current capability are applied in vacuum approximation. The results are compared to a case including plasma response from non-linear MHD modeling and a case at high q 95 . A strong reduction of the thermal conﬁnement is found with vacuum RMP ﬁelds applied. The divertor ﬂuxes are redirected into a complex, three-dimensional pattern of helical magnetic ﬁngers. These ﬁngers stretch out as far as 60 cm across the divertor targets yielding a spreading of the heat and particle ﬂuxes with reduced peak heat loads. Opening of the magnetic ﬁeld lines from inside of the separatrix establishes scrape-oﬀ layer like channels of direct parallel ﬂow towards the target plates. This results in a strong convective outﬂow of particles and energy. The sensitivity of the impact of the RMP ﬁelds on the level of plasma response, of the RMP amplitude and q 95 is investigated.
Experiences of Organisations of (or That Serve) Persons with Disabilities during the COVID-19 Pandemic and National Lockdown Period in South Africa

Organisations have long played an effective role in advocating for and actioning crucial developmental and humanitarian functions around the world, often under challenging conditions, as well as servicing the health needs of persons with disabilities. This article reports on the experiences of organisations of (or that serve) persons with disabilities, hereafter called service providers, during the COVID-19 lockdown period in South Africa beginning 26 March 2020. Organisations participated in an online survey as well as virtual narrative interviews to voice out their experiences. Five major themes emerged: (1) difficulties in keeping the doors open; (2) continued care under lockdown; (3) restructuring of care (4) government systems and policies; and (5) reaching out to offer and receive support. The findings demonstrate that the South African government failed to ensure targeted support to organisations of persons with disabilities. A remarkable feature of the organisations we interviewed for this small study was their agility in responding creatively to the challenges they faced, despite the difficulties. There is a need for government support to include targeted efforts to support organisation of persons with disabilities during pandemics to avoid worsening service gaps.
New polarimetric constraints on axion-like particles

We show that the parameter space of axion-like particles can be severely constrained using high-precision measurements of quasar polarisations. Robust limits are derived from the measured bounds on optical circular polarisation and from the distribution of linear polarisations of quasars. As an outlook, this technique can be improved by the observation of objects located behind clusters of galaxies, using upcoming space-borne X-ray polarimeters.
Strong atom-light interactions along nanostructures: Transition from free-space to nanophotonic interfaces

An exciting frontier in quantum information science is the integration of otherwise "simple" quantum elements into complex quantum networks. The laboratory realization of even small quantum networks enables the exploration of physical systems that have not heretofore existed in the natural world. Within this context, there is active research to achieve nanoscale quantum optical circuits, for which atoms are trapped near nano-scopic dielectric structures and "wired" together by photons propagating through the circuit elements. Single atoms and atomic ensembles endow quantum functionality for otherwise linear optical circuits and thereby enable the capability of building quantum networks component by component. Toward these goals, we have experimentally investigated three different systems, from conventional to rather exotic systems : free-space atomic ensembles, optical nano fibers, and photonics crystal waveguides. First, we demonstrate measurement-induced quadripartite entanglement among four quantum memories. Next, following the landmark realization of a nanofiber trap, we demonstrate the implementation of a state-insensitive, compensated nanofiber trap. Finally, we reach more exotic systems based on photonics crystal devices. Beyond conventional topologies of resonators and waveguides, new opportunities emerge from the powerful capabilities of dispersion and modal engineering in photonic crystal waveguides. We have implemented an integrated optical circuit with a photonics crystal waveguide capable of both trapping and interfacing atoms with guided photons, and have observed the collective effect, superradiance, mediated by the guided photons. These advances provide an important capability for engineered light-matter interactions, enabling explorations of novel quantum transport and quantum many-body phenomena.
D-TLoc: Deep Learning-aided Hybrid TDoA/AoA-based Localization

Beamforming with the multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna arrays has been exploited to compensate significant signal power attenuation of high frequency wave. For proper communication, both the base station (BS) and the user equipment (UE) should transmit the beam into the optimal direction. In order to decide accurate beam direction and support beam management, localization techniques can be utilized; the conventional techniques are not adequate to handle the non-line-of-sight (NLoS) scenarios. An aim of this paper is to introduce the deep-learning aided uplink localization on the 3D plane. In this work, the deep neural network (DNN) is trained to estimate the the cartesian coordinate position of the device based on the information from uplink transmission, time difference of arrival (TDoA) and angle of arrival (AoA). Since the DL method is capable of skipping pre-processing stages, our proposed DNN is capable of accurately estimating the position of the device regardless of presence of NLoS paths. Using the dataset made from the raytracing simulation, we demonstrate that the proposed DNN predicts the position of 90% of the randomly placed devices within 0.2m.
Electronic Structure-, Phonon Spectrum-, and Effective Mass- Related Thermoelectric Properties of PdXSn (X = Zr, Hf) Half Heuslers

We hereby discuss the thermoelectric properties of PdXSn(X = Zr, Hf) half Heuslers in relation to lattice thermal conductivity probed under effective mass (hole/electrons) calculations and deformation potential theory. In addition, we report the structural, electronic, mechanical, and lattice dynamics of these materials as well. Both alloys are indirect band gap semiconductors with a gap of 0.91 eV and 0.82 eV for PdZrSn and PdHfSn, respectively. Both half Heusler materials are mechanically and dynamically stable. The effective mass of electrons/holes is (0.13/1.23) for Zr-type and (0.12/1.12) for Hf-kind alloys, which is inversely proportional to the relaxation time and directly decides the electrical/thermal conductivity of these materials. At 300K, the magnitude of lattice thermal conductivity observed for PdZrSn is 15.16 W/mK and 9.53 W/mK for PdHfSn. The highest observed ZT value for PdZrSn and PdHfSn is 0.32 and 0.4, respectively.
A SURVEY OF RADIO RECOMBINATION LINES USING THE OOTY RADIO TELESCOPE AT 328 MHz IN THE INNER GALAXY

A survey of radio recombination lines in the Galactic plane with longitude −32° < l < +80° and latitude b < ±3° using Ooty Radio Telescope (ORT) at 328 MHz is reported. ORT observations were made using a New Digital Backend (NDB) recently added to the telescope. With the NDB ORT had a beam of 2. °3 × 2. °2 sec(δ) and a passband of ∼1 MHz in the spectral line mode. The above-mentioned Galactic region was divided into ∼2° × 2° patches with the ORT beam pointed to the center. The ORT observations form a study of the distribution of extended low-density warm-ionized medium (ELDWIM) in the inner Galaxy using H271α RLs. By obtaining kinematical distances using VLSR of the H271α RLs, the distribution of ELDWIM clouds within the inner Galaxy has been deduced for the region given above.
Zircon Dates Long‐Lived Plume Dynamics in Oceanic Islands

In this contribution we report the first systematic study of zircon U‐Pb geochronology and δ18O‐εHf(t) isotope geochemistry from 10 islands of the hot‐spot related Galapagos Archipelago. The data extracted from the zircons allow them to be grouped into three types: (a) young zircons (0–∼4 Ma) with εHf(t) (∼5–13) and δ18O (∼4–7) isotopic mantle signature with crystallization ages dating the islands, (b) zircons with εHf(t) (∼5–13) and δ18O (∼5–7) isotopic mantle signature (∼4–164 Ma) which are interpreted to date the time of plume activity below the islands (∼164 Ma is the minimum time of impingement of the plume below the lithosphere), and (c) very old zircons (∼213–3,000 Ma) with mostly continental (but also juvenile) εHf(t) (∼−28–8) and δ18O (∼5–11) isotopic values documenting potential contamination from a number of sources. The first two types with similar isotopic mantle signature define what we call the Galápagos Plume Array (GPA). Given lithospheric plate motion, this result implies that GPA zircon predating the Galápagos lithosphere (i.e., >14–164 Ma) formed and were stored at sublithospheric depths for extended periods of time. In order to explain these observations, we performed 2D and 3D thermo‐mechanical numerical experiments of plume‐lithosphere interaction which show that dynamic plume activity gives rise to complex asthenospheric flow patterns and results in distinct long‐lasting mantle domains beneath a moving lithosphere. This demonstrates that it is physically plausible that old plume‐derived zircons survive at asthenospheric depths below ocean islands.
A New Enhancement Edge Detection of Finger-Vein Identification for Carputer System

Developments in multimedia and mobile communication technologies and in mobilized, personalized information security has benefitted various sectors of society, as traditional identification technologies are often complicated. In response to the sharing economy and the intellectualization of automotive electronics, major automobile companies are using biometric recognition to enhance the safety, uniqueness, and convenience of their vehicles. This study uses a deep learning-based finger-vein identification system for carputer systems. The proposed enhancement edge detection adapts to the detected fingers’ rotational and translational movements and to interference from external light and other environmental factors. This study also determines the effect of preprocessing methods on the system’s effectiveness. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system allows more accurate identification of 99.1% and 98.1% in various environments, using the FV-USM and SDUMLA-HMT public datasets. As results, the contribution of system is high accuracy and stability for more sanitary, contactless applications makes it eminently suited for use during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detector with a reduced active area coupled to a tapered lensed single-mode fiber

Abstract. This paper presents an ultrafast niobium nitride (NbN) superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD) with an active area of 3×3 μm2 that offers better timing performance metrics than the previous SSPD with an active area of 7×7 μm2. The improved SSPD demonstrates a record timing jitter (<25 ps), an ultrashort recovery time (<2 ns), an extremely low dark count rate, and a high detection efficiency in a wide spectral range from visible part to near infrared. The record parameters were obtained due to the development of a new technique providing effective optical coupling between a detector with a reduced active area and a standard single-mode telecommunication fiber. The advantages of the new approach are experimentally confirmed by taking electro-optical measurements.
Interconnection of Solar PV System to Abnormal Grid Using Adjustable Frequency Generalized Integrator Filter Based Control

This paper provides effective power quality improvement and DC offset removal for dual stage single phase grid connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system by incorporating adjustable frequency generalized integrator (AFGI) filter. The system also complements the maximum power output of solar PV array using driftless perturb & observe (P& O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique and addresses the drift problem at varying insolation levels. This control provides satisfactory frequency estimation under the conditions of distorted grid voltage and varying grid frequency. The phase locked loop (PLL) less control not only improves the system dynamics and makes it robust, but it also facilitates it to exploit the system resources during the unavailability of sun irradiance and fulfils the load requirement of reactive power as well as harmonics compensation for local loads. The system is analyzed under various dynamic conditions of grid voltage distortion, DC offset, grid voltage swell, PV power variation, load variations using a developed Simulink model. The system complies with the IEEE-519 standard, eliminating the grid current deformations and maintaining a sinusoidal shape at real time fundamental grid frequency.
Effects of Exogenous (K+) Potassium Application on Plant Hormones in the Roots of Tamarix ramosissima under NaCl Stress

Abiotic stresses such as salt stress seriously affect the growth and yield of plants. Tamarix ramosissima Lcdcb (T. ramosissima) is a widely cultivated halophyte in saline-alkali areas of the world. As an essential element for plant growth and development, K+ plays an irreplaceable role in improving the tolerance of plants to salt stress. However, there are few reports on the mechanism of K+ in promoting plant hormones to reduce the damage of NaCl stress to T. ramosissima. In this study, we sequenced the transcriptome of the roots of T. ramosissima which were treated with exogenous potassium (K+) for 0 h, 48 h and 168 h under NaCl stress, according to the changes in the expression levels of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in T. ramosissima roots. Key candidate genes and metabolic pathways related to plant hormones were mined for analysis and further verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that under NaCl stress for 48 h and 168 h, there were a large number of DEGs in the roots of T. ramosissima, and the expression levels changed over time. In particular, we found that 56 plant hormone-related genes were annotated to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and with the increase of time, their expression levels were mainly up-regulated and involved in the related metabolic pathways to resist NaCl stress. It is worth noting that 7 DEGs related to abscisic acid (ABA), 28 DEGs related to auxin, 1 DEG related to ethylene (ET), and 1 DEG related to cytokinin (CK) were added within 168 h of exogenous potassium, and they were involved in alleviating the root damage of T. ramosissima under NaCl stress and played an important role. In addition, we found the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, which plays an important role in resistance to NaCl stress. As a result of this study, the molecular mechanism of plant hormones involved in applying exogenous potassium under NaCl stress is further understood, resulting in a better understanding of how exogenous potassium can alleviate the damage caused by NaCl under stress in T. ramosissima.
MID-INFRARED PHOTOMETRY OF COLD BROWN DWARFS: DIVERSITY IN AGE, MASS, AND METALLICITY

We present new Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) photometry of 12 very late-type T dwarfs: nine have [3.6], [4.5], [5.8], and [8.0] photometry and three have [3.6] and [4.5] photometry only. Combining this with previously published photometry, we investigate trends with type and color that are useful for both the planning and interpretation of infrared surveys designed to discover the coldest T or Y dwarfs. The online appendix provides a collation of MKO-system YJHKL′M′ and IRAC photometry for a sample of M, L, and T dwarfs. Brown dwarfs with effective temperature (T eff) below 700 K emit more than half their flux at wavelengths longer than 3 μm, and the ratio of the mid-infrared flux to the near-infrared flux becomes very sensitive to T eff at these low temperatures. We confirm that the color H (1.6 μm) – [4.5] is a good indicator of T eff with a relatively weak dependence on metallicity and gravity. Conversely, the colors H – K (2.2 μm) and [4.5] – [5.8] are sensitive to metallicity and gravity. Thus, near- and mid-infrared photometry provide useful indicators of the fundamental properties of brown dwarfs, and if temperature and gravity are known, then mass and age can be reliably determined from evolutionary models. There are 12 dwarfs currently known with H– [4.5] >3.0, and 500 K ≲ T eff ≲800 K, which we examine in detail. The ages of the dwarfs in the sample range from very young (0.1-1.0 Gyr) to relatively old (3-12 Gyr). The mass range is possibly as low as 5 Jupiter masses to up to 70 Jupiter masses, i.e., near the hydrogen burning limit. The metallicities also span a large range, from [m/H] = –0.3 to [m/H] = +0.3. The small number of T8-T9 dwarfs found in the UK Infrared Telescope Infrared Deep Sky Survey to date appear to be predominantly young low-mass dwarfs. Accurate mid-infrared photometry of cold brown dwarfs is essentially impossible from the ground, and extensions to the mid-infrared space missions, warm-Spitzer and Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer, are desirable in order to obtain the vital mid-infrared data for cold brown dwarfs, and to discover more of these rare objects.
Modeling Trajectories Obtained from External Sensors for Location Prediction via NLP Approaches

Representation learning seeks to extract useful and low-dimensional attributes from complex and high-dimensional data. Natural language processing (NLP) was used to investigate the representation learning models to extract words’ feature vectors using their sequential order in the text via word embeddings and language models that maintain their semantic meaning. Inspired by NLP, in this paper, we tackle the representation learning problem for trajectories, using NLP methods to encode external sensors positioned in the road network and generate the features’ space to predict the next vehicle movement. We evaluate the vector representations of on-road sensors and trajectories using extrinsic and intrinsic strategies. Our results have shown the potential of natural language models to describe the space of features on trajectory applications as the next location prediction.