Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lost in Musical Translation: A cross-cultural study of musical grammar and its relation to affective expression in two musical idioms between Chennai and Geneva

Can music be considered a language of the emotions? The most common view today is that this is nothing but a Romantic cliché. Mainstream philosophy seems to view the claim that 'Music is the language of the emotions' as a slogan that was once vaguely defended by Rousseau, Goethe, or Kant, but that cannot be understood literally when one takes into consideration last century’s theories of language, such as Chomsky's on syntax or Tarski's on semantics (Scruton 1997: ch. 7, see also Davies 2003: ch. 8, and Kania 2012). In this chapter, I will show why this common view is unwarranted, and thus go against nowadays philosophical mainstream by defending what I call the musicalanguage hypothesis.
Reconstructing 3D Cardiac Anatomies from Misaligned Multi-View Magnetic Resonance Images with Mesh Deformation U-Nets

High-quality three-dimensional (3D) representations of cardiac anatomy and function are crucial for improving cardiac disease diagnosis beyond strictly volume-based biomarkers used in current clinical practice, as well as for the accurate simulation of cardiac electro-physiology and mechanics. However, current gold standard cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols typically only acquire a set of 2D slices to approximate the true 3D morphology of the underlying heart. In this work, we propose a novel geometric deep learning method, the Mesh Deformation U-Net , to reconstruct 3D cardiac surface meshes from 2D MRI slices as the key part of a fully automatic end-to-end pipeline. Its architecture combines spectral graph convolutions and mesh sampling operations in a hierarchical encoder-decoder structure to enable efficient multi-scale feature learning directly on mesh data. A targeted preprocessing step approximately fits a template mesh to the sparse MRI contours, before the Mesh Deformation U-Net corrects for motion-induced slice misalignment by simultaneously utilising information from multiple MRI views and the template-induced anatomical shape prior. We evaluate the Mesh Deformation U-Net on a large synthetic dataset of heart anatomies and outperform multiple benchmark approaches while achieving small reconstruction errors below the pixel size of the underlying image resolution for three different cardiac substructures. Furthermore, we apply the pre-trained Mesh Deformation U-Net as the key component of a 4-step reconstruction pipeline to cine magnetic resonance images of the UK Biobank and observe realistic heart reconstructions on both a local and global level. We calculate multiple widely used clinical metrics for the reconstructed meshes and obtain values in line with other large-scale population studies.
Hinode/EIS Observations of Propagating Slow Magnetoacoustic Waves in a Coronal Loop

We present the first Hinode/EIS observations of 5 min quasiperiodic oscillations detected in the transition region and corona at the footpoint of a coronal loop. The oscillations are characterized by a series of wave packets with nearly constant period, typically persisting for 4–6 cycles. There is an in-phase relation between Doppler shift and intensity oscillations, indicating upwardly propagating slow magnetoacoustic waves in the loop. We find that the oscillations detected in the five coronal lines are highly correlated, and the amplitude decreases with increasing temperature. These oscillations may be caused by the leakage of the photospheric p-modes through the chromosphere and transition region into the corona, which has been suggested as the source for intensity oscillations previously observed by TRACE. The temperature dependence of the oscillation amplitudes can be explained by damping of the waves traveling along the loop with multithread structure near the footpoint.
The nearby AGB star L2 Puppis: the birth of a planetary nebula ?

Adaptive optics observations in the infrared (VLT/NACO, Kervella et al. 2014) and visible (VLT/SPHERE, Kervella et al. 2015) domains revealed that the nearby AGB star L2 Pup (d=64 pc) is surrounded by a dust disk seen almost edge-on. Thermal emission from a large dust "loop" is detected at 4 microns up to more than 10 AU from the star. We also detect a secondary source at a separation of 32 mas, whose nature is uncertain. L2 Pup is currently a relatively "young" AGB star, so we may witness the formation of a planetary nebula. The mechanism that breaks the spherical symmetry of mass loss is currently uncertain, but we propose that the dust disk and companion are key elements in the shaping of the bipolar structure. L2 Pup emerges as an important system to test this hypothesis.
Hybrid quantum computing with ancillas

In the quest to build a practical quantum computer, it is important to use efficient schemes for enacting the elementary quantum operations from which quantum computer programs are constructed. The opposing requirements of well-protected quantum data and fast quantum operations must be balanced to maintain the integrity of the quantum information throughout the computation. One important approach to quantum operations is to use an extra quantum system – an ancilla – to interact with the quantum data register. Ancillas can mediate interactions between separated quantum registers, and by using fresh ancillas for each quantum operation, data integrity can be preserved for longer. This review provides an overview of the basic concepts of the gate model quantum computer architecture, including the different possible forms of information encodings – from base two up to continuous variables – and a more detailed description of how the main types of ancilla-mediated quantum operations provide efficient quantum gates.
Exact solution for the critical state in thin superconductor strips with field-dependent or anisotropic pinning

An exact analytical solution is given for the critical state problem in long thin superconductor strips in a perpendicular magnetic field, when the critical current density j_c(B) depends on the local induction B according to a simple three-parameter model. This model describes both isotropic superconductors with this j_c(B) dependence, but also superconductors with anisotropic pinning described by a dependence j_c(theta) where theta is the tilt angle of the flux lines away from the normal to the specimen plane.
Kinematic and kinetic variable determinants on vertical jump performance: a review

The vertical jump is a task performed in various sports modalities and is considered a lower limb power test, that may provide information about the efficacy of several training programs. Although of the various types of jumps, two have been more used: the Squat Jump and the Countermovement Jump. Kinematics and kinetics variables are presented to describe the Squat Jump and Countermovement Jump, however, little is known about which variables are intrinsic in vertical jump performance. Thus, this review has two objectives: 1- Identify the kinetic and kinematic variables of jump analysis and 2- Describe the intervening variables in VJ performance. For the search, the following terms were used “Vertical Jump and Kinetic”, “Vertical Jump and Kinematic”, and “Vertical Jump and Fatigue”. The search was performed between June and July of 2019. The articles of this review were searched in two online databases: PubMed (MEDLINE) and EBSCO (EBSCO Industries Inc.). After the analysis of titles, abstracts and papers, were chosen 70 articles for this review. Although necessary in various motor skills, the maximal force does not predict the vertical jump performance. In contrast, kinetic variables related to power may interfere to performance. For kinematic analysis, the peak angular velocity seems to differentiate performance levels. Few studies defined the predictor variables of this task. Therefore, we suggest the realization of studies with predictive statistics to identify the predict variables of vertical jump and adopting other biomechanical variables, such as the continuous relative phase and temporal and force characteristics during the eccentric and concentric jump phase.
Interlayer screening effect in graphene multilayers with A B A and A B C stacking

We study the effect of perpendicular electric fields on the band structures of $ABA$ and $ABC$ graphene multilayers, and find that the electronic screening effect is significantly different between them. In $ABA$ multilayers, the field produces a band overlap and gives a linear screening, while in $ABC$ multilayers, in contrast, it opens an energy gap in the surface-state band at low energy, leading to a strong screening effect essentially nonlinear to the field amplitude. The energy gap of a large $ABC$ stack sharply rises when the external field exceeds a certain critical value.
Exciting Trajectories for the Identification of Base Inertial Parameters of Robots

A common way to identify the inertial parameters of robots is to use a linear model in relation to the parameters and standard least-squares (LS) techniques. This article presents a method to generate exciting identification trajectories in order to minimize the effect of noise and error modeling on the LS solution. Using nonlinear optimization techniques, the condition number of a matrix W obtained from the energy model is minimized, and the scaling of its terms is carried out. An example of a three-degree-of-freedom robot is presented.
The red giant branch phase transition: Implications for the RGB luminosity function bump and detections of Li-rich red clump stars

We performed a detailed study of the evolution of the luminosity of He-ignition stage and of the red giant branch bump luminosity during the red giant branch phase transition for various metallicities. To this purpose we calculated a grid of stellar models that sample the mass range of the transition with a fine mass step equal to ${\rm 0. 01M_\odot}$. We find that for a stellar population with a given initial chemical composition, there is a critical age (of 1.1-1.2~Gyr) around which a decrease in age of just 20-30 million years causes a drastic drop in the red giant branch tip brightness. We also find a narrow age range (a few $10^7$ yr) around the transition, characterized by the luminosity of the red giant branch bump being brighter than the luminosity of He ignition. We discuss a possible link between this occurrence and observations of Li-rich core He-burning stars.
Temporal stability of spatial cytotype structure in mixed-ploidy populations of Centaurea stoebe

Abstract Spatial segregation of cytotypes reduces the negative effect of frequency-dependent mating on the fitness of minority cytotype(s) and thus allows its establishment and coexistence with the majority cytotype in mixed-ploidy populations. Despite its evolutionary importance, the stability of spatial segregation is largely unknown. Furthermore, closely related sympatric cytotypes that differ in their life histories might exhibit contrasting spatial dynamics over time. We studied the temporal stability of spatial structure at a secondary contact zone of co-occurring monocarpic diploids and polycarpic tetraploids of Centaurea stoebe, whose tetraploid cytotype has undergone a rapid range expansion in Europe and became invasive in North America. Eleven years after the initial screening, we re-assessed the microspatial distribution of diploids and tetraploids and their affinities to varying vegetation-cover density in three mixed-ploidy populations in Central Europe. We found that overall, spatial patterns and frequencies of both cytotypes in all sites were very similar over time, with one exception. At one site, in one previously purely 2x patch, diploids completely disappeared due to intensive succession by shrubby vegetation. The remaining spatial patterns, however, showed the same cytotype clumping and higher frequency of 2x despite subtle changes in vegetation-cover densities. In contrast to the expected expansion of polycarpic tetraploids having higher colonization ability when compared to diploids, the tetraploids remained confined to their former microsites and showed no spatial expansion. Spatial patterns of coexisting diploids and tetraploids, which exhibit contrasting life histories, did not change over more than a decade. Such temporal stability is likely caused by relatively stable habitat conditions and very limited seed dispersal. Our results thus imply that in the absence of a disturbance regime connected with frequent human- or animal-mediated seed dispersal, spatial patterns may be very stable over time, thus contributing to the long-term coexistence of cytotypes.
Long-term Behavior of a Type IIP Supernova SN 2004dj in the Radio Bands

We present radio observations and modeling of one of the nearest and brightest Type IIP supernova SN 2004dj exploded in the galaxy NGC 2403 at a distance of ∼3.5 Mpc. Our observations span a wide frequency and temporal range of 0.24–43 GHz and ∼1 day to 12 years since the discovery. We model the radio light curves and spectra with the synchrotron emission. We estimate the mass-loss rate of the progenitor star to be ∼ 1 × 10−6 for a wind speed of 10 km s−1. We calculate the radio spectral indices using 1.06, 1.40, 5.00, and 8.46 GHz flux density measurements at multiple epochs. We witness steepening in the spectral index values for an extended period predominantly at higher frequencies. We explain this as a signature of electron cooling happening at the supernova shock in the plateau phase of the supernova. We estimate the cooling timescales for inverse Compton cooling and synchrotron cooling and find that inverse Compton cooling is the dominant cooling process.
The velocity shear and vorticity across redshifts and non-linear scales

The evolution of the large scale distribution of matter in the universe is often characterized by the density eld. Here we take a complimentary approach and characterize it using the cosmic velocity eld, specically the deformation of the velocity eld. The deformation tensor is decomposed into its symmetric component (known as the \shear tensor") and its anti-symmetric part (the \vorticity"). Using a high resolution cosmological simulation we examine the relative orientations of the shear and the vorticity as a function of spatial scale and redshift. The shear is found to be remarkable stable to the choice of scale, while the vorticity is found to quickly decay with increasing spatial scale or redshift. The vorticity emerges out of the linear regime randomly oriented with respect to the shear eigenvectors. Non-linear evolution drives the vorticity to lie within the plane dened by the eigenvector of the fastest collapse. Within that plane the vorticity rst gets aligned with the middle eigenvector and then it moves to be preferentially aligned with the third eigenvector, of slowest collapse. Finally a scale of \non-linearity" to be used when calculating properties of the non-linear deformation tensor at dierent redshifts is suggested.
Power spectral density analysis of a scaled model simulation of an optical tweezer

Abstract. The majority of microscale and nanoscale mechanical systems encountered in the world are stiff. One example of such a system is a microbead trapped in an optical tweezer. For this example, the ratio of a body’s mass to the viscous damping coefficient is negligible. Apart from being stiff, this system is also stochastic meaning that the differential equations representing the system include a random variable. This type of model can be solved with existing stochastic differential equation (SDE) solvers. Addressing the stochastic nature of the model usually requires averaging the results of multiple simulations. The computational time required to run the hundreds of simulations that may be necessary to obtain a useful average can be prohibitive. This paper presents a scaling approach that significantly reduces the computational time required to obtain these averages. However, this scaling changes the model and therefore the power spectral density (PSD) of the predicted motion. This work provides a general analysis of a mass-spring-damper model, such as an optical tweezer, that clearly shows the effect of scaling on the frequency content of the stochastic system. This analysis shows that the scaling technique can be used effectively without much loss of information. An experimental dataset of a 2 μm diameter microbead falling into an optical trap is compared with the simulation for validating the scaling method.
Spinor condensates with a laser-induced quadratic Zeeman effect

We show that an effective quadratic Zeeman effect for trapped atoms can be generated by proper laser configurations and, in particular, by the dipole trap itself. The induced quadratic Zeeman effect leads to a rich ground-state phase diagram, e.g., for a degenerate $^{52}\mathrm{Cr}$ gas, can be used to induce topological defects by controllably quenching across transitions between phases of different symmetries, allows for the observability of the Einstein--de Haas effect for relatively large magnetic fields, and may be employed to create $S=1∕2$ systems with spinor dynamics. Similar ideas could be explored in other atomic species opening an exciting new control tool in spinor systems.
Dust grains from the heart of supernovae

Dust grains are classically thought to form in the winds of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. However, there is increasing evidence today for dust formation in supernovae (SNe). To establish the relative importance of these two classes of stellar sources of dust, it is important to know the fraction of freshly formed dust in SN ejecta that is able to survive the passage of the reverse shock and be injected in the interstellar medium. We have developed a new code (GRASH\_Rev) which follows the newly-formed dust evolution throughout the supernova explosion until the merging of the forward shock with the circumstellar ISM. We have considered four well studied SNe in the Milky Way and Large Magellanic Cloud: SN1987A, CasA, the Crab Nebula, and N49. For all the simulated models, we find good agreement with observations and estimate that between 1 and 8$\%$ of the observed mass will survive, leading to a SN dust production rate of $(3.9 \pm 3.7) \times 10^{-4}$ M$_{\odot}$yr$^{-1}$ in the Milky Way. This value is one order of magnitude larger than the dust production rate by AGB stars but insufficient to counterbalance the dust destruction by SNe, therefore requiring dust accretion in the gas phase.
Metallicity evolution of AGNs from UV emission lines based on a new index

We analyzed the evolution of the metallicity of the gas with the redshift for a sample of AGNs in a very wide redshift range (0<z<4) using ultraviolet emission-lines from the narrow-line regions (NLRs) and photoionization models. The new index C43=log(CIV+CIII])/HeII is suggested as a metallicity indicator for AGNs. Based on this indicator, we confirmed the no metallicity evolution of NLRs with the redshift pointed out by previous works. We found that metallicity of AGNs shows similar evolution than the one predicted by cosmic semi-analytic models of galaxy formation set within the Cold Dark Matter merging hierarchy (for z < 3). Our results predict a mean metallicity for local objects in agreement with the solar value (12+log(O/H)=8.69). This value is about the same that the maximum oxygen abundance value derived for the central parts of local spiral galaxies. Very low metallicity log(Z/Z_{\odot})~ -0.8 for some objects in the range 1.5 < z <3 is derived.
The electromagnetic dipole operator effect on B -> Xs gamma at O(alpha_s^2)

The flavor-changing electromagnetic dipole operator O_7 gives the dominant contribution to the B -> Xs gamma decay rate. We calculate two-loop QCD corrections to its matrix element together with the corresponding bremsstrahlung contributions. The optical theorem is applied, and the relevant imaginary parts of three-loop diagrams are computed following the lines of our recent t -> Xb W calculation. The complete result allows us to test the validity of the naive non-abelianization (NNA) approximation that has been previously applied to estimate the NNLO QCD correction to Gamma(B -> Xs gamma)/Gamma(B -> Xu e nu). When both decay widths are normalized to m^5_{b,R} in the same renormalization scheme R, the calculated O(alpha_s^2) correction is sizeable (~ 6%), and the NNA estimate is about 1/3 too large. On the other hand, when the ratio of the decay widths is written as S*(m_b(m_b)/m_{b,pole})^2, the calculated O(alpha_s^2) correction to S is at the level of 1% for both the complete and the NNA results.
Integrated nonlinear suboptimal control‐and‐estimator based on the state‐dependent differential Riccati equation approach

This paper is devoted to the theory and application of a combined nonlinear suboptimal control and estimator based on the state‐dependent differential Riccati equation (SDDRE), aiming finite‐time tracking of manipulators that possess flexible joints. Though measuring the angular positions of links is possible for flexible joint manipulators (FJMs), it is not feasible to measure the changes in the position angles of actuators. In addition, the existence of measurement noise and the influence of unknown workspace disturbance are always unavoidable. Therefore, combining an estimator with a controller could result in full‐state feedback for the system. Designing the proposed integrated estimator algorithm includes two parts: The first part is the theoretical extension of the SDDRE approach expressed with nonlinear state variables and inputs of the system in a finite‐time horizon. In the second part, enhancing and upgrading software and hardware interface, the proposed procedure for FJMs is modeled and simulated. Then, the experimental implementation is applied in the online closed‐loop form.
Postmating isolation and evolutionary relationships among Fejervarya species from Lesser Sunda, Indonesia and other Asian countries revealed by crossing experiments and mtDNA Cytb sequence analyses

Abstract To evaluate the degree of postmating isolation and the evolutionary relationships among frog species in the genus Fejervarya from Indonesia (Lesser Sunda), Bangladesh, China, and Japan, crossing experiments and molecular phylogenetic analyses were carried out. Crossing experiments revealed that reciprocal hybrids among F. iskandari, F. verruculosa, and F. sp. large type and between F. multistriata and F. kawamurai are viable through metamorphosis, while those between the F. iskandari group and F. limnocharis group were completely or partially inviable at the tadpole stage and those between Southeast Asian and South Asian Fejervarya groups were completely inviable at the embryonic stage. The mature reciprocal hybrids between F. iskandari and F. verruculosa from Lesser Sunda, Indonesia, showed some degree of abnormality in spermatogenesis. In phylogenetic analyses based on mtDNA Cytb sequences, F. iskandari formed a sister clade with F. verruculosa from Lesser Sunda, Indonesia, with 8.1% sequence divergence. F. multistriata from China formed a clade with populations of F. limnocharis in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia (topotype), and these taxa showed sister relationships to F. kawamurai from Japan with 8.9% sequence divergence. Fejervarya sp. small type from Bangladesh formed a clade with the other South Asian members of the Fejervarya group and formed a sister clade with the Southeast Asian Fejervarya group, with 23.1% sequence divergence in the Cytb gene. These results showed that the degree of postmating isolation reflects molecular phylogenetic relationships and that F. iskandari and F. verruculosa from Indonesia (Lesser Sunda) are reproductively isolated by abnormalities in spermatogenesis and show genetic differentiation.