Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Flexible Inter-locale Virtual Cloud For Nearly Real-time Big Data Applications

The rapid growth of emerging applications such as social network analysis and ecosystem monitoring has led to an explosion in the amount of data being generated. On the other hand, the increased capabilities of cloud computing afford more flexible computing resources to achieve better performance. However, it is still difficult to determine how to provision resources to fit large scale applications across different locales. It is essential not only to be able to manage the greater volumes of data but also to ensure that the QoS (quality of service) requirements of processing are reliably satisfied. This paper presents a Cloud engine that can provision a flexible network transparent virtual Cloud. In this virtual Cloud, complex virtual infrastructure is distributed over multiple data centres or Cloud providers. The Cloud engine can help application developers to customise and provision virtual infrastructure for applications with critical performance constraints that may influence how and where application components should be hosted. First, we introduce the capacity gap between such applications and the Cloud. We then describe the cloud engine along with its key technologies, including transparent network connectivity and standardised multi-level infrastructure descriptions, as well as its applicability to particular scenarios. Following these descriptions, we discuss and demonstrate how to apply the Cloud engine to help in a specific big data application use case and satisfy its QoS constraints.
Data Mining Techniques in Handling Personality Analysis for Ideal Customers

Background: Personality distinguishes individuals from one another, guides their actions and reactions, and dictates their preferences in many aspects of life, including shopping. Objective: This study determines the characteristics of an ideal customer based on individual personality. Methods: Data mining techniques used in this study are K-nearest neighbour (KNN), linear support vector machine (SVM), and random forest. This study also applies the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) to overcome the imbalance in the amount of data. Results: This study shows that the application of the SMOTE and random forest models resulted in 88% accuracy, 79% precision, and 70% recall, which are the highest compared to other models. Conclusion: SMOTE in this research is unsuitable for use in the KNN and linear SVM classification models. Ensemble-based models such as random forest can produce high accuracy when SMOTE is applied for data pre-processing.
Credit market frictions and political failure $ Journal of Monetary Economics

We study how an excessively favorable regulatory environment for banks could arise even with a perfectly competitive credit market in a median voter world. In our occupational choice model with heterogeneous wealth endowments, market failure due to unobser- vability of entrepreneurial talent endogenously creates a misalignment between surplus maximizing reforms and reforms that are preferred by the median voter, who is a worker. This is in contrast to the world without market failure where the electorate unanimously vote in favor of surplus maximizing institutional reforms. This paper illustrates how market failure could lead to political failure even in the benchmark political system that is free from capture by interest groups.
The Impact of AI Design on Pricing∗

The behavior of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms is shaped by how they learn about their environment. We compare the prices generated by AIs that use different learning protocols when there is market interaction. Asynchronous learning occurs when the AI only learns about the return from the action it took. Synchronous learning occurs when the AI conducts counterfactuals to learn about the returns it would have earned had it taken an alternative action. The ∗An earlier version of this paper was circulated under the title, “Artificial Intelligence and Pricing: The Impact of Algorithm Design” and as NBER Working Paper 28535. We would like to thank participants in various seminars and conferences for their comments. Excellent research assistance was provided by Lorenzo Cattivelli, Masha Melkonyan and Kylie Toh. Contact information: johnasker@econ.ucla. edu, fersht@post.tau. ac.il and apakes@fas.harvard. edu
On the disorder-driven quantum transition in three-dimensional relativistic metals

The Weyl semimetals are topologically protected from a gap opening against weak disorder in three dimensions. However, a strong disorder drives this relativistic semimetal through a quantum transition towards a diffusive metallic phase characterized by a finite density of states at the band crossing. This transition is usually described by a perturbative renormalization group in $d=2+\varepsilon$ of a $U(N)$ Gross-Neveu model in the limit $N \to 0$. Unfortunately, this model is not multiplicatively renormalizable in $2+\varepsilon$ dimensions: An infinite number of relevant operators are required to describe the critical behavior. Hence its use in a quantitative description of the transition beyond one-loop is at least questionable. We propose an alternative route, building on the correspondence between the Gross-Neveu and Gross-Neveu-Yukawa models developed in the context of high energy physics. It results in a model of Weyl fermions with a random non-Gaussian imaginary potential which allows one to study the critical properties of the transition within a $d=4-\varepsilon$ expansion. We also discuss the characterization of the transition by the multifractal spectrum of wave functions.
Phase diagram of quantum fluids. The role of the chemical potential and the phenomenon of condensation

We discuss the generic phase diagrams of pure systems that remain fluid near zero temperature. We call this phase a quantum fluid. We argue that the signature of the transition is the change of sign of the chemical potential, being negative in the normal phase and becoming positive in the quantum fluid phase. We show that this change is characterized by a phenomenon that we call condensation, in which a macroscopic number of particles is in their own many-body ground state, a situation common to Fermi and Bose gases. We show that the ideal Bose-Einstein Condensation fits in this scenario, but that it also permits the occurrence of a situation that we may call "Fermi-Dirac Condensation". In addition, we argue that this phenomenon is also behind the development of superfluid phases in real interacting fluids. However, only interacting systems may show the change from a thermal fluid to a quantum one as a true phase transition. As a corollary, this argument shows the necessity of the appearance of a "supersolid" phase. We also indicate how these ideas may be useful in the description of of experiments with ultracold alkali gases.
Is the gamma-ray source 3FGL J2212.5+0703 a dark matter subhalo?

In a previous paper, we pointed out that the gamma-ray source 3FGL J2212.5+\linebreak 0703 shows evidence of being spatially extended. If a gamma-ray source without detectable emission at other wavelengths were unambiguously determined to be spatially extended, it could not be explained by known astrophysics, and would constitute a smoking gun for dark matter particles annihilating in a nearby subhalo. With this prospect in mind, we scrutinize the gamma-ray emission from this source, finding that it prefers a spatially extended profile over that of a single point-like source with 5. 1σ statistical significance. We also use a large sample of active galactic nuclei and other known gamma-rays sources as a control group, confirming, as expected, that statistically significant extension is rare among such objects. We argue that the most likely (non-dark matter) explanation for this apparent extension is a pair of bright gamma-ray sources that serendipitously lie very close to each other, and estimate that there is a chance probability of ∼2% that such a pair would exist somewhere on the sky. In the case of 3FGL J2212.5+0703, we test an alternative model that includes a second gamma-ray point source at the position of the radio source BZQ J2212+0646, and find that the addition of this source alongside a point source at the position of 3FGL J2212.5+0703 yields a fit of comparable quality to that obtained for a single extended source. If 3FGL J2212.5+0703 is a dark matter subhalo, it would imply that dark matter particles have a mass of ∼18–33 GeV and an annihilation cross section on the order of σ v ∼ 10−26 cm3/s (for the representative case of annihilations to bb̄), similar to the values required to generate the Galactic Center gamma-ray excess.
Global weak solutions for an incompressible, generalized Newtonian fluid interacting with a linearly elastic Koiter shell

In this paper we analyze the interaction of an incompressible, generalized Newtonian fluid with a linearly elastic Koiter shell whose motion is restricted to transverse displacements. The middle surface of the shell constitutes the mathematical boundary of the three-dimensional fluid domain. We show that weak solutions exist as long as the magnitude of the displacement stays below some (possibly large) bound which is determined by the geometry of the undeformed shell.
The electromagnetic spike solutions

The aim of this paper is to use the existing relation between polarized electromagnetic Gowdy spacetimes and vacuum Gowdy spacetimes to find explicit solutions for electromagnetic spikes by a procedure which has been developed by one of the authors for gravitational spikes. We present new inhomogeneous solutions which we call the EME and MEM electromagnetic spike solutions.
EVOLUTION OF THE CROSS-CORRELATION AND TIME LAG OF 4U 1735-44 ALONG THE BRANCHES

We analyze the cross-correlation function between the soft and hard X-rays of atoll source 4U 1735-44 with RXTE data, and find anti-correlated soft and hard time lags of about a hecto-second. In the island state, the observations do not show any obvious correlations, and most observations of the banana branch show a positive correlation. However, anti-correlations are detected in the upper banana branch. These results are different from those of Z-sources (Cyg X-2, GX 5-1), where anti-correlations are detected in the horizontal branch and upper normal branch. In this case, the lag timescales of both this atoll and Z-sources are found to be similar, at a magnitude of several tens to hundreds of seconds. As a comparison, it is noted that anti-correlated lags lasting thousands of seconds have been reported from several black hole candidates in their intermediate states. In addition, for an observation containing four segments that show positive or anti-correlation, we analyze the spectral evolution with the hybrid model. In the observation, the anti-correlation is detected at the highest flux. The fitting results show that the Comptonized component is not the lowest at the highest flux, which suggests that the anti-correlation corresponds to the transition between the soft and hard states. Finally, we compare the corresponding results of atoll source 4U 1735-44 with those observed in Z-sources and black hole candidates, and the possible origins of the anti-correlated time lags are discussed.
Role of entropy and structural parameters in the spin-state transition of LaCoO3

The spin state transition in LaCoO$_3$ has eluded description for decades despite concerted theoretical and experimental effort. In this study, we approach this problem using fully charge self-consistent Density Functional Theory + Embedded Dynamical Mean Field Theory (DFT+DMFT). We show from first principles that LaCoO$_3$ cannot be described by a single, pure spin state at any temperature. Instead, we observe a gradual change in the population of higher spin multiplets with increasing temperature, with the high spin multiplets being excited at the onset of the spin state transition followed by the intermediate spin multiplets being excited at the metal insulator transition temperature. We explicitly elucidate the critical role of lattice expansion and oxygen octahedral rotations in the spin state transition. We also reproduce, from first principles, that the spin state transition and the metal-insulator transition in LaCoO$_3$ occur at different temperature scales. In addition, our results shed light on the importance of electronic entropy in driving the spin state transition, which has so far been ignored in all first principles studies of this material.
Lifting SU(2) spin networks to projected spin networks

Projected spin network states are the canonical basis of quantum states of geometry for the recent EPRL-FK spinfoam models for quantum gravity introduced by Engle-Pereira-Rovelli-Livine and Freidel-Krasnov. They are functionals of both the Lorentz connection and the time-normal field. We analyze in detail the map from these projected spin networks to the standard SU(2) spin networks of loop quantum gravity. We show that this map is not one to one and that the corresponding ambiguity is parameterized by the Immirzi parameter. We conclude with a comparison of the scalar products between projected spin networks and SU(2) spin network states.
A tale of two tails: exploring stellar populations in the tidal tails of NGC 3256

We have developed an observing program using deep, multiband imaging to probe the chaotic regions of tidal tails in search of an underlying stellar population, using NGC 3256's 400 Myr twin tidal tails as a case study. These tails have different colours of $u - g = 1.05 \pm 0.07$ and $r - i = 0.13 \pm 0.07$ for NGC 3256W, and $u - g = 1.26 \pm 0.07$ and $r - i = 0.26 \pm 0.07$ for NGC 3256E, indicating different stellar populations. These colours correspond to simple stellar population ages of $288^{+11}_{-54}$ Myr and $841^{+125}_{-157}$ Myr for NGC 3256W and NGC 3256E, respectively, suggesting NGC 3256W's diffuse light is dominated by stars formed after the interaction, while light in NGC 3256E is primarily from stars that originated in the host galaxy. Using a mixed stellar population model, we break our diffuse light into two populations: one at 10 Gyr, representing stars pulled from the host galaxies, and a younger component, whose age is determined by fitting the model to the data. We find similar ages for the young populations of both tails, ($195^{-13}_{+0}$ and $170^{-70}_{+44}$ Myr for NGC 3256W and NGC 3256E, respectively), but a larger percentage of mass in the 10 Gyr population for NGC 3256E ($98^{+1}_{-3}\%$ vs $90^{+5}_{-6}\%$). Additionally, we detect 31 star cluster candidates in NGC 3256W and 19 in NGC 2356E, with median ages of 141 Myr and 91 Myr, respectively. NGC 3256E contains several young (< 10 Myr), low mass objects with strong nebular emission, indicating a small, recent burst of star formation.
Nuclear constraints on non-Newtonian gravity at femtometer scale

Effects of the non-Newtonian gravity on properties of finite nuclei are studied by consistently incorporating both the direct and exchange contribution of the Yukawa potential in the Hartree–Fock approach using a well-tested Skyrme force for the strong interaction. It is shown for the first time that the strength of the Yukawa term in the non-Newtonian gravity is limited to log (|α|) < 1.75/[λ(fm)]0.54 + 33.6 within the length scale of λ = 1 − 10 fm in order for the calculated properties of finite nuclei not to be in conflict with accurate experimental data available.
Spatial proliferation of African swine fever virus in South Korea

The African swine fever virus (ASFV) was first detected in South Korea on a pig farm in September 2019. Despite active preventive measures to control the spread of ASFV, outbreaks on pig farms and in wild boar have been increasing. In this study, we investigated the spatial contamination area using the minimum convex polygon (MCP) approach, and growth rate using a logistic diffusion model. On the basis of the ASFV outbreak locations recorded from September 17th, 2019, to May 20th, 2022, the MCP area for the second week was 618.41 km2 and expanded to 37959.67 km2 in the final week. The maximum asymptote of the logistic function was considered as the land area of South Korea, and we estimated logistic growth rates of 0.022 km2 per week and 0.094 km2 per month. Administrative bodies should implement preventive and quarantine measures for infectious diseases. The results of this study will be a reference for epidemiologists, ecologists, and policy makers and contribute to the establishment of appropriate quarantine measures for disease control and management.
Parking 3-sphere swimmer. I. Energy minimizing strokes

The paper is about the parking 3-sphere swimmer ($\text{sPr}_3$). This is a low-Reynolds number model swimmer composed of three balls of equal radii. The three balls can move along three horizontal axes (supported in the same plane) that mutually meet at the center of $\text{sPr}_3$ with angles of $120^{\circ}$ . The governing dynamical system is introduced and the implications of its geometric symmetries revealed. It is then shown that, in the first order range of small strokes, optimal periodic strokes are ellipses embedded in 3d space, i.e. closed curves of the form $t\in [0,2\pi] \mapsto (\cos t)u + (\sin t)v$ for suitable orthogonal vectors $u$ and $v$ of $\mathbb{R}^3$. A simple analytic expression for the vectors $u$ and $v$ is derived. The results of the paper are used in a second article where the real physical dynamics of $\text{sPr}_3$ is analyzed in the asymptotic range of very long arms.
Brain-Controlled 2D Navigation Robot Based on a Spatial Gradient Controller and Predictive Environmental Coordinator

Objective: Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have been used in two-dimensional (2D) navigation robotic devices, such as brain-controlled wheelchairs and brain-controlled vehicles. However, contemporary BCI systems are driven by binary selective control. On the one hand, only directional information can be transferred from humans to machines, such as “turn left” or “turn right”, which means that the quantified value, such as the radius of gyration, cannot be controlled. In this study, we proposed a spatial gradient BCI controller and corresponding environment coordinator, by which the quantified value of brain commands can be transferred in the form of a 2D vector, improving the flexibility, stability and efficiency of BCIs. Methods: A horizontal array of steady-state visual stimulation was arranged to excite subject (EEG) signals. Covariance arrays between subjects’ electroencephalogram (EEG) and stimulation features were mapped into quantified 2-dimensional vectors. The generated vectors were then inputted into the predictive controller and fused with virtual forces generated by the robot's predictive environment coordinator in the form of vector calculation. The resultant vector was then interpreted into the driving force for the robot, and real-time speed feedback was generated. Results: The proposed SGC controller generated a faster (27.4 s vs. 34.9 s) response for the single-obstacle avoidance task than the selective control approach. In practical multiobstacle tasks, the proposed robot executed 39% faster in the target-reaching tasks than the selective controller and had better robustness in multiobstacle avoidance tasks (average failures significantly dropped from 27% to 4%). Significance: This research proposes a new form of brain-machine shared control strategy that quantifies brain commands in the form of a 2-D control vector stream rather than selective constant values. Combined with a predictive environment coordinator, the brain-controlled strategy of the robot is optimized and provided with higher flexibility. The proposed controller can be used in brain-controlled 2D navigation devices, such as brain-controlled wheelchairs and vehicles.
Multiple-scale integro-differential perturbation method for generic non-Markovian environments

In order to approximate non-Markovian dynamics encountered in the theory of quantum open systems, a new multiple-scale perturbation method is generalized to integro-differential equations. Two (primary and auxiliary) time scales are particularly identified in the strong-coupling regime where the open system and its environment are strongly interacted with evident non-Markovianity being revealed. The new method provides acceptable approximation compared with traditional perturbation methods for generically structured reservoirs and indicates correct oscillatory and decay behaviors, helping us to recognize non-Markovianity in a perturbative way.
Holographic gauge mediation via strongly coupled messengers

We consider a relative of semidirect gauge mediation where the hidden sector exists at large 't Hooft coupling. Such scenarios can be difficult to describe using perturbative field theory methods but may fall into the class of holographic gauge mediation scenarios, meaning that they are amenable to the techniques of gauge/gravity duality. We use a recently found gravity solution to examine one such case, where the hidden sector is a cascading gauge theory resulting in a confinement scale not much smaller than the messenger mass. In the original construction of holographic gauge mediation, as in other examples of semidirect gauge mediation at strong coupling, the primary contributions to visible sector soft terms come from weakly coupled messenger mesons. In contrast to these examples, we describe the dual of a gauge theory where there are significant contributions from scales in which the strongly coupled messenger quarks are the effective degrees of freedom. In this regime, the visible sector gaugino mass can be calculated entirely from holography.
Congenital corneal staphyloma in 8q21.11 microdeletion syndrome

ABSTRACT Background Although 8q21.11 microdeletion syndrome (8q21.11 DS) has been reported in association with congenital corneal opacities, reports of the clinicopathological features and management are scarce. Methods We reviewed medical records including ophthalmic evaluations, imaging, operative reports, and pathology reports of two unrelated patients referred to the Ophthalmology Clinic of UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh with a cytogenetic diagnosis of 8q21.11 DS. Results Ophthalmological evaluation of both children revealed bilateral enlarged, staphylomatous, and cloudy corneas with neovascularization. These findings were consistent with the diagnosis of congenital corneal staphyloma (CCS). In one patient, anterior segment optical coherence tomography and high-frequency ultrasound revealed materials consistent with lens remnants embedded in the cornea; this was confirmed by histopathology. In the second patient, lens was found to be adherent to the cornea during surgery. One eye underwent enucleation for corneal perforation secondary to elevated intraocular pressure. In the other eyes, treatment consisted of penetrating keratoplasty combined with vitrectomy. Ahmed tube was subsequently placed to control intraocular pressure. Conclusion 8q21.11 microdeletion syndrome can be associated with bilateral CCS, likely related to a combination of anterior segment developmental anomalies and elevated intraocular pressure. Tectonic penetrating keratoplasty is necessary to prevent corneal perforation, together with a strict control of the intraocular pressure.