Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Despliegue de un Cloud Privado para entornos de cómputo científico

Resumen. Considerando el desarrollo actual del paradigma Cloud Computing, en este trabajo se presenta un análisis de la arquitectura y se describe el despliegue de un entorno Cloud Privado con el objetivo de ejecutar aplicaciones de cómputo científico. Se utiliza el software de código abierto Eucalyptus, el cual brinda la posibilidad de desplegar un Cloud Privado. Además, se construye una imagen para poder instanciar una máquina virtual que permita la ejecución de aplicaciones científicas. Por otro lado, con el objetivo de probar el entorno y realizar una primera medición del overhead introducido por la arquitectura, se utiliza la solución paralela del algoritmo N-Reinas
Multiscale matched-field processing for noise-source localization in exploration geophysics

ABSTRACTIn the study, we investigate the use of ambient-noise data to locate microseismic sources at the exploration scale. We develop a multiscale matched-field processing (MFP) approach to localize seismic sources at frequencies below 10 Hz. An application to an actual data set acquired over a hydrocarbon field is presented to determine the reliability of the MFP procedure. The data used were continuously recorded over five days, at a total of 397 stations on a 1-km-per-side square seismic network. The MFP results show: (1) a dominant and stable surface source associated with human activities (road and exploration platforms) around the reservoir; and (2) weaker sources at depth below the seismic network that are related to the injection/extraction process.
Graph Products and New Solutions to Oberwolfach Problems

We introduce the circle product , a method to construct simple graphs starting from known ones. The circle product can be applied in many different situations and when applied to regular graphs and to their decompositions, a new regular graph is obtained together with a new decomposition. In this paper we show how it can be used to construct infinitely many new solutions to the Oberwolfach problem, in both the classic and the equipartite case.
The role of circadian clock genes in mental disorders

The study of molecular clock mechanisms in psychiatric disorders is gaining significant interest due to data suggesting that a misalignment between the endogenous circadian system and the sleep-wake cycle might contribute to the clinical status of patients suffering from a variety of psychiatric disorders. Sleep disturbances in major depressive disorder (MDD) are characterized by increased sleep latency, poorer sleep efficiency, reduced latency to the first rapid eye movement (REM) sleep episode, and early-morning awakening, but there is little data to indicate a role of circadian clock genes in MDD. There is also relatively little information regarding the role of clock genes in anxiety. In contrast, a significant amount of evidence gathered in bipolar disorder (BPD) patients suggests a circadian rhythm disorder, namely an advanced circadian rhythm and state-dependent alterations of REM sleep latency. Most research on the role of clock genes in BPD has focused on polymorphisms of CLOCK, but the lithium target GSK3 may also play a significant role. A circadian phase shift is also theorized to contribute to the pathophysiology of winter seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Certain allelic combinations of NPAS2, PER3, and BMAL1 appear to contribute to the risk of SAD. In chronic shizophrenia, disturbances of sleep including insomnia and reduced sleep efficiency have been observed. Genetic studies have found associations with CLOCK, PER1, PER3, and TIMELESS. Sleep and circadian changes associated with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease suggest a functional change in the circadian master clock, which is supported by postmortem studies of clock gene expression in the brain.
Size-specific interaction patterns and size matching in a plant-pollinator interaction web.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Many recent studies show that plant-pollinator interaction webs exhibit consistent structural features such as long-tailed distributions of the degree of generalization, nestedness of interactions and asymmetric interaction dependencies. Recognition of these shared features has led to a variety of mechanistic attempts at explanation. Here it is hypothesized that beside size thresholds and species abundances, the frequency distribution of sizes (nectar depths and proboscis lengths) will play a key role in determining observed interaction patterns. METHODS To test the influence of size distributions, a new network parameter is introduced: the degree of size matching between nectar depth and proboscis length. The observed degree of size matching in a Spanish plant-pollinator web was compared with the expected degree based on joint probability distributions, integrating size thresholds and abundance, and taking the sampling method into account. KEY RESULTS Nectar depths and proboscis lengths both exhibited right-skewed frequency distributions across species and individuals. Species-based size matching was equally close for plants, independent of nectar depth, but differed significantly for pollinators of dissimilar proboscis length. The observed patterns were predicted well by a model considering size distributions across species. Observed size matching was closer when relative abundances of species were included, especially for flowers with openly accessible nectar and pollinators with long proboscises, but was predicted somewhat less successfully by the model that included abundances. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that in addition to size thresholds and species abundances, size distributions are important for understanding interaction patterns in plant-pollinator webs. It is likely that the understanding will be improved further by characterizing for entire communities how nectar production of flowers and energetic requirements of pollinators covary with size, and how sampling methods influence the observed interaction patterns.
Communications in Mathematical Physics Droplet Phases in Non-local Ginzburg-Landau Models with Coulomb Repulsion in Two Dimensions

We establish the behavior of the energy of minimizers of non-local Ginzburg-Landau energies with Coulomb repulsion in two space dimensions near the onset of multi-droplet patterns. Under suitable scaling of the background charge density with vanishing surface tension the non-local Ginzburg-Landau energy becomes asymptotically equivalent to a sharp interface energy with screened Coulomb interaction. Near the onset the minimizers of the sharp interface energy consist of nearly identical circular droplets of small size separated by large distances. In the limit the droplets become uniformly distributed throughout the domain. The precise asymptotic limits of the bifurcation threshold, the minimal energy, the droplet radii, and the droplet density are obtained.
Implications of Ocean Bottom Reflection for Internal Wave Spectra and Mixing

Abstract A linear internal wave model for reflection off a sloping bottom applied to a field of horizontally isotropic waves typical of the deep ocean leads to a strongly perturbed frequency-vertical wavenumber energy spectrum. The spectrum is dominated by a nonintegrable singularity at the internal wave critical frequency characteristic of the environment and bottom slope. An observational requirement that the internal wave spectrum near the bottom relax to the open deep-ocean level and shape within a few hundred meters vertically implies a flux imbalance normal to the boundary. The flux that must be redistributed over the internal wave spectrum, or lost from it, amounts to O(10−2 W m−2), larger than for most other energy transfer mechanisms estimated for internal waves. A small fraction of this flux imbalance applied to mixing can account for a basin-averaged effective vertical diffusivity of 10−4 m2 s−1. Bottom reflection represents not only a likely and powerful sink for internal wave energy, but a me.
Association between Genetic Polymorphisms of CYP2D6 and Outcomes in Breast Cancer Patients with Tamoxifen Treatment

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6 and outcomes in breast cancer patients with tamoxifen treatment. We evaluated the CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms in 766 breast cancer patients. Among them, 110 patients whose samples were prospectively collected before surgery and treated with tamoxifen were included to evaluate the association between CYP2D6 and outcomes. The genotypes of CYP2D6 were categorized as extensive metabolizer (EM), intermediate metabolizer (IM), and poor metabolizer (PM) according to the activity score. The clinicopathologic features of 110 patients were not significantly different among the three groups except for the T-stage and nodal status. The high T-stage and axillary metastasis were more frequent in the PM group. While recurrence-free and overall survival in the PM group was poorer than the other groups, there was no significant difference between the EM and the IM group. The difference between the PM and the other groups on univariate analysis disappeared on multivariate analysis. These conflicting results suggest that the clinical value of CYP2D6 polymorphisms is still unclear and more large-sized and comprehensively designed trials are necessary.
Introduction--the validity of self-reported drug use: improving the accuracy of survey estimates.

Measuring levels and patterns of illicit drug use, their correlates, and related behaviors requires the use of self-report methods. However, the validity of self-reported data on sensitive and highly stigmatized behaviors such as drug use has been questioned. The goal of this monograph is to review current and cutting-edge research on the validity of self-reported drug use and to describe methodological advances designed to reduce total error in estimates of drug use and quantify sources of nonsampling error. This monograph reviews a number of studies that use some presumably more accurate measure of drug use to validate self-reported use. In addition, evolving methods to improve a wide variety of procedures used in survey designs are explored, including computer-assisted interviewing, predictors of response propensity, measurement error models, and improved prevalence estimation techniques. Experimental manipulations of various survey conditions and situational factors also show promise in improving the validity of drug prevalence estimates in self-report surveys.
Gelatin Sheet Incorporating Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Enhances Healing of Devascularized Sternum in Diabetic Rats

Background—Poor healing of the sternum often limits the use of bilateral internal thoracic arteries (BITAs) after coronary bypass surgery in diabetic patients. We have reported that a gelatin sheet that incorporates basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) accelerates sternal healing after BITA removal in normal rats. This study evaluated the effects of the above method for sternal healing in diabetic animals. Methods and Results—Diabetic Wistar rats with blood glucose levels >400 mg/dL and body-weight loss >20 g were established by a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). After median sternotomy and BITA removal, 16 diabetic rats received either a gelatin sheet that incorporated bFGF (100 &mgr;g/sheet) on the posterior table of the sternum (FGF group, n=9) or no gelatin sheet (control, n=7). Peristernal blood flow, as measured by a noncontact laser Doppler 4 weeks after surgery in the FGF group, recovered to the preoperative level (106±10% versus 82±9%, P <0.01), and marked angiogenesis was also observed around the sternum in the FGF group (30.5±3.2 versus 15.8±2.7 vessels/unit area, P <0.01). Deep sternal wound complications developed in 5 control rats but only in 1 rat in the FGF group (P <0.05). In the FGF group, histological examination showed improved sternal healing (excellent in 6 rats and slow/poor healing in 3). Bone mineral content as assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptometry was greater in the FGF group (75.9±18.1 versus 48.9±10.7 mg, P <0.05). Bone mineral density of the sternum was similar between the 2 groups. Conclusions—A gelatin sheet that incorporates bFGF may offset sternal ischemia and accelerate sternal bone regeneration and healing, even in diabetic patients.
On Randomness Extraction in AC0

We consider randomness extraction by AC0 circuits. The main parameter, n, is the length of the source, and all other parameters are functions of it. The additional extraction parameters are the min-entropy bound k = k(n), the seed length r = r(n), the output length m = m(n), and the (output) deviation bound e = e(n). For k ≤ n/logω(1) n, we show that AC0-extraction is possible if and only if m/r ≤ 1+poly(log n)· k/n; that is, the extraction rate m/r exceeds the trivial rate (of one) by an additive amount that is proportional to the min-entropy rate k/n. In particular, non-trivial AC0-extraction (i.e., m ≥ r + 1) is possible if and only if k · r > n/poly(log n). For k ≥ n/logO(1) n, we show that AC0-extraction of r + Ω(r) bits is possible when r = O(log n), but leave open the question of whether more bits can be extracted in this case. The impossibility result is for constant e, and the possibility result supports e = 1/poly(n). The impossibility result is for (possibly) non-uniform AC0, whereas the possibility result hold for uniform AC0. All our impossibility results hold even for the model of bit-fixing sources, where k coincides with the number of non-fixed (i.e., random) bits. We also consider deterministic AC0 extraction from various classes of restricted sources. In particular, for any constant δ > 0, we give explicit AC0 extractors for poly(1/δ) independent sources that are each of min-entropy rate δ; and four sources suffice for δ = 0.99. Also, we give non-explicit AC0 extractors for bit-fixing sources of entropy rate 1/poly(log n) (i.e., having n/poly(log n) unfixed bits). This shows that the known analysis of the "restriction method" (for making a circuit constant by fixing as few variables as possible) is tight for AC0 even if the restriction is picked deterministically depending on the circuit.
Antiepileptic Drug Interactions - Principles and Clinical Implications

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are widely used as long-term adjunctive therapy or as monotherapy in epilepsy and other indications and consist of a group of drugs that are highly susceptible to drug interactions. The purpose of the present review is to focus upon clinically relevant interactions where AEDs are involved and especially on pharmacokinetic interactions. The older AEDs are susceptible to cause induction (carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone) or inhibition (valproic acid), resulting in a decrease or increase, respectively, in the serum concentration of other AEDs, as well as other drug classes (anticoagulants, oral contraceptives, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antimicrobal drugs, antineoplastic drugs, and immunosupressants). Conversely, the serum concentrations of AEDs may be increased by enzyme inhibitors among antidepressants and antipsychotics, antimicrobal drugs (as macrolides or isoniazid) and decreased by other mechanisms as induction, reduced absorption or excretion (as oral contraceptives, cimetidine, probenicid and antacides). Pharmacokinetic interactions involving newer AEDs include the enzyme inhibitors felbamate, rufinamide, and stiripentol and the inducers oxcarbazepine and topiramate. Lamotrigine is affected by these drugs, older AEDs and other drug classes as oral contraceptives. Individual AED interactions may be divided into three levels depending on the clinical consequences of alterations in serum concentrations. This approach may point to interactions of specific importance, although it should be implemented with caution, as it is not meant to oversimplify fact matters. Level 1 involves serious clinical consequences, and the combination should be avoided. Level 2 usually implies cautiousness and possible dosage adjustments, as the combination may not be possible to avoid. Level 3 refers to interactions where dosage adjustments are usually not necessary. Updated knowledge regarding drug interactions is important to predict the potential for harmful or lacking effects involving AEDs.
Tumor Biology: Is It Time to Redefine Unresectability? An Extraordinary Case of Gastroesophageal Junctional Adenocarcinoma

Background: Disease assessment based on measurements of size and anatomic involvement have historically been central to surgical strategy. We propose this to be an outdated concept, which should be replaced by a deeper understanding of tumor biology and careful treatment planning. Report of case: A 34-year-old male was diagnosed with a Siewert Type 3 locally advanced cancer of the gastroesophageal junction, involving the coeliac axis and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). He was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by chemoradiation, and then proceeded to surgery, at which time the tumor was judged unresectable. After extensive planning, a further surgery was attempted - an extended gastrectomy with distal esophagectomy, left hepatectomy, and splenectomy were performed. Additionally, the coeliac axis and the SMA were excised, followed by reconstruction of the hepatic artery and the SMA with grafts. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered, and the patient is recurrence-free after five years follow-up. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of the distinction between resectability and operability, and that patient treatment should be tailored and individualised based on the response to treatment, comorbidities, and underlying tumor biology.
Statistical modification based post-filtering technique for HMM-based speech synthesis

The speech generated from hidden Markov model (HMM)-based speech synthesis systems (HTS) is suffered from over-smoothing problem which is due to statistical modeling. This paper will focus on post-filtering technique based on statistical modification for the generated speech parameters. The marginal statistics of parameters' trajectory, such as mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis are adjusted according to the values generated from the HTS system. This technique is compared with global variance (GV)-based speech generation algorithm. The listening test showed that the post-filtering technique considering the mean and variance could generate almost equal result with GV model. When further considering the modification of skewness and kurtosis, the quality of generated speech has been improved.
Utilization And Management Of Irrigation WaterFor Sustainable Farming Of Macadamia Nuts InPiesanghoek Cropland In Limpopo Province,South Africa

Utilization and management of irrigation water is essential for sustainable farming. The Macadamia cropland in Piesanghoek cropland falls in the arid to semi-arid climatic zone in Limpopo Province of South Africa. It is estimated that irrigated agriculture accounts for 62% of all the water used in South Africa and in many instances, its use is highly inefficient. A few farmers have adopted new computerized technologies for irrigation management but many still use conventional irrigation methods, which are not based on crop water requirements, leading to poor water utilization and low irrigation efficiencies. This study evaluated the Piesanghoek Macadamia cropland to determine the irrigation scheduling schemes for efficient utilization and management of water. Soil samples were analysed for particle size distribution and bulk density while field tests were carried out to determine infiltration rates on the cropland, after which geostatistical tools in ArcGIS were used to show the spatial variability. The South Africa Plant Water (SAPWAT) model was used to automate the irrigation scheduling. The results showed that the supply and availability of soil moisture was of fundamental importance to plant growth and crop production. It also showed that changes in the soil moisture stored in the root-zone were due to differences between the inputs and outputs from this zone. An irrigation efficiency of 80% was achieved and it was observed that the Macadamia trees did not use as much water as the SAPWAT model prescribed.
Increase in Plasma Endotoxin Concentrations and the Expression of Toll-Like Receptors and Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-3 in Mononuclear Cells After a High-Fat, High-Carbohydrate Meal

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal (HFHC) with that of a high-fiber and fruit meal on the concentrations of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]), LPS-binding protein (LBP), the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), and the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) in mononuclear cells. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Healthy lean subjects were given 910 calories of either an HFHC meal (n = 10) or an American Heart Association (AHA)-recommended meal rich in fiber and fruit (n = 10) after an overnight fast. Blood was collected before and at 1, 2, and 3 h after the meal. Cellular indexes of oxidative and inflammatory stress; the expression of SOCS-3, TLR2, and TLR4 in mononuclear cells; and plasma concentrations of LPS and LBP were measured. RESULTS HFHC meal intake induced an increase in plasma LPS concentration and the expression of SOCS-3, TLR2, and TLR4 protein, reactive oxygen species generation, and nuclear factor-κB binding activity (P < 0.05 for all). These increases were totally absent after the AHA meal rich in fiber and fruit. CONCLUSIONS The novel changes described after the HFHC meal elucidate further the mechanisms underlying postprandial inflammation and also provide the first evidence explaining the pathogenesis of insulin and leptin resistance mediated by SOCS-3 after such meals. In contrast, an AHA meal does not induce these effects.
Radiatively Driven Stellar Winds from Hot Stars

A stellar wind is the continuous, supersonic outflow of matter from a star. Among the most massive stars—which tend also to be the hottest and most luminous—the winds can be very strong, with important consequences both for the star’s own evolution as well as for the surrounding interstellar medium. Such hot-star winds are understood to be driven by the pressure of the star’s emitted radiation. Our Sun has a SOLAR WIND, but it is so tenuous and transparent that it would be difficult to detect directly from a more distant star. However, many stars have winds that are dense enough to be opaque at certain wavelengths of the star’s radiation, and this makes it possible to study them remotely through careful interpretation of the observed stellar spectra. The winds from massive, hot stars—with surface temperatures above about 10 000 K— form a well-defined class, distinct from the winds from cooler stars, and characterized by the central role of the star’s own radiation in driving the mass outflow. The high temperature of such stars means that they have a very high surface brightness. Because light carries momentum as well as energy, this high surface brightness imparts a force to the atoms that scatter the light. At the level of the star’s atmosphere where this force exceeds the inward force of the stellar gravity, material is accelerated upward and becomes the stellar wind. An important aspect of this radiative driving process is that it stems mostly from line scattering, wherein an electron is shuffled between two discrete, bound energy levels of an atom. In a static medium such scattering is confined to radiation with a photon energy near the energy difference between the levels, corresponding to a range of wavelengths near a distinct, line-center value. However, in an accelerating stellar wind flow, the Doppler effect shifts the resonance to increasingly longer wavelengths, allowing the line scattering to sweep gradually through a much broader portion of the stellar spectrum. This gives the dynamics of such winds an intricate feedback character, in which the radiative driving force that accelerates the stellar wind depends itself on that acceleration.