Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preemptive Analgesia Decreases Pain Following Anorectal Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pain is a frequent cause for delayed discharge following outpatient procedures, including anorectal surgery. Both central and peripheral pain receptor sensitization are thought to contribute to postoperative pain. Blocking these receptors and preempting sensitization prevents hyperalgesia leading to lower pain medication requirements. Studies in the orthopedic, urologic, and gynecologic literature support this practice, but the use of preemptive analgesia in anorectal surgery is understudied. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of preemptive analgesia in decreasing postoperative pain. DESIGN: This is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: This study was conducted at the University of Vermont Medical Center, a tertiary care referral center in Burlington, Vermont. PATIENTS: Patients who were over 18 years of age, ASA Physical Status Classes I, II, or III, and undergoing surgery for anal fissure, fistula or condyloma or hemorrhoids were selected. INTERVENTIONS: Preoperative oral acetaminophen and gabapentin followed by intravenous ketamine and dexamethasone were given before incision compared with oral placebos. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes measured were postoperative pain scores, percentage of patients utilizing breakthrough narcotics, and rates of side effects. RESULTS: Ninety patients were enrolled. Because of patient withdrawal, screen failures, and loss to follow-up, 61 patients were analyzed (30 in the preemptive analgesia group and 31 in the control group). Patients in the active group had significantly less pain in the postanesthesia care unit and at 8 hours postoperatively. Significantly fewer participants in the active group used narcotics in the postanesthesia care unit and at 8 hours postoperatively. Average pain scores were excellent for both groups. There was no difference in the number of medication-related side effects between the 2 groups. LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by the small sample size and excellent pain control in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Preemptive analgesia is safe and results in decreased pain in the early postoperative period following anorectal surgery. It should be implemented by surgeons performing these procedures. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww. com/DCR/A588.
haracterization and Modeling of Catalyst-free Carbon-Assisted ynthesis of ZnO Nanowires

ZnO nanowires have been widely studied due to their unique material properties and many potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. Many growth processes have been developed to synthesize ZnO nanowires. It is critically important to develop predictive process models so as to maximize the output of the nanowire synthesis. Here we report a method to characterize, quantify, and model a catalyst-free carbon-assisted ZnO nanowire growth process. Two key factors were identified for the synthesis conditions, which are reaction temperature and flow rate. Based on a factorial design method, we conducted experiments with different combinations of the two factors to study their effects on the rocess modeling process output (i.e. density of the nanowires), which was evaluated by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental results were analyzed using ANOVA test, and then a semi-empirical model was built to correlate the ZnO nanowire output with synthesis conditions. This model was able to describe the ZnO nanowire density with respect to synthesis conditions, which can provide guideline for synthesis parameters selection and process optimization. © 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Society of Manufacturing Engineers.
Morphogen Production and Mobility Hox Control of Organ Size by Regulation of

clicking here colleagues, clients, or customers by , you can order high-quality copies for your If you wish to distribute this article to others . here following the guidelines can be obtained by Permission to republish or repurpose articles or portions of articles (this information is current as of March 3, 2010 ): The following resources related to this article are available online at www.sciencemag. org http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/313/5783/63 version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/1128650/DC1 can be found at: Supporting Online Material found at: can be related to this article A list of selected additional articles on the Science Web sites http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/313/5783/63#related-content http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/313/5783/63#otherarticles , 14 of which can be accessed for free: cites 38 articles This article 32 article(s) on the ISI Web of Science. cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/313/5783/63#otherarticles 16 articles hosted by HighWire Press; see: cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/collection/development Development : subject collections This article appears in the following
Changes in Lower Facial Height and Facial Esthetics with Incremental Increases in Occlusal Vertical Dimension in Dentate Subjects.

PURPOSE To determine if there are objective changes in lower facial height and subjective changes in facial esthetics with incremental increases in occlusal vertical dimension in dentate subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty subjects of four different races and both sexes with a Class I dental occlusion had custom diagnostic occlusal prostheses (mandibular overlays) fabricated on casts mounted on a semi-adjustable articulator. The overlays were fabricated at 2-mm, 3-mm, 4-mm, and 5-mm openings of the anterior guide pin of a semi-adjustable articulator. Direct facial measurements were made between pronasale and menton on each subject while wearing the four different overlays. Thereafter, two digital photographs (frontal and profile) were taken for each subject at maximum intercuspation (baseline) and wearing each of the four mandibular overlays. The photographs of eight subjects were standardized and displayed in a random order to 60 judges comprising 30 laypeople, 15 general dentists, and 15 prosthodontists. Using a visual analog scale, each judge was asked to rate the facial esthetics twice for each of the 80 images. RESULTS For objective changes, although an anterior guide pin-lower facial height relationship of 1:0.63 mm was observed, the findings were not correlated (P>.20). For subjective changes, the visual analog scale ratings of judges were uncorrelated with increases in anterior guide pin opening up to 5 mm, irrespective of the judge's background status or the sexes of the judges or the subjects (P>.80). CONCLUSIONS Incremental increases in anterior guide pin opening up to 5 mm did not correlate to similar increases in lower facial height. Additionally, it made no difference in a judge's evaluation of facial esthetics irrespective of the judge's background status (layperson, general dentist, or prosthodontist) or sex.
Efficacy of sufficient operation view by ring-shaped thread counter traction for safer duodenal ESD

Abstract Background: Duodenal ESD is considered especially difficult with perforation and bleeding. This study assessed safer duodenal ESD procedures, especially with regard to obtaining a good operation view using a ring-thread method and closure of a post-ESD artificial ulcer. Methods: From 2013 to 2015, 17 patients who were diagnosed with duodenal adenoma or early duodenal cancer >20 mm in diameter underwent conventional ESD (C group). From 2016 to 2017, 12 patients underwent ring-shaped thread counter traction ESD with hemoclips and/or Over-The-Scope Clip (OTSC) (Ovesco Endoscopy GmbH, Tuebingen, Germany) closure of post ESD artificial ulcer (ring group). An observational study between the C group and Ring group was conducted. The primary outcome was perforation events during ESD (UMIN000026184). Results: There was a significant difference in perforation during ESD with five cases vs. 0 case in C and ring groups (p = .038). For bleeding that needed to be coagulated by forceps during ESD, there was a significant difference with four cases in the C group (p = .07). The total procedure time was 96.6 ± 28.2 and 72.8 ± 24.2 (min) with a significant difference (p = .027). Conclusions: Ring-shaped thread counter traction makes the most difficult duodenal ESD safer and easier without complications.
Use of Methadone to Reverse Opioid Escalation in a Patient With Surgical Pain

ABSTRACT Acute pain is a prevalent issue for patients recovering from surgical procedures. Methadone has been recognized as a unique option for treatment of surgical pain due to its multiple mechanisms of analgesia and its potential to decrease tolerance to other opioids. Studies of methadone use in postoperative settings are sparse in part due to safety concerns, such as complex pharmacokinetics, risk of respiratory depression, and association with arrhythmias. In this case study of a 70-year-old male with postsurgical abdominal pain, methadone utilization over a period of 9 days resulted in patient-reported analgesia and aided in de-escalating overall opioid use. More studies are needed to develop guidance on how methadone can be used to relieve pain following surgical procedures.
Comparative Evaluation of Endovac and Conventional Irrigating Syringe on Apical Extrusion in Primary Molars. An in vitro Study.

OBJECTIVES The present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the apical extrusion of irrigant and depth of irrigant penetration into dentine using the EndoVac irrigating system and manual irrigation system in primary molar teeth. STUDY DESIGN Twenty five extracted primary molars satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into two groups with 29 roots in each group with an equal distribution of apical foramen area. The teeth were mounted in pre-weighed glass bottles and the canals were irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution mixed with acid fuchsin using either of irrigating systems according to the group ascertained. The amount of irrigant extruded was recorded. The roots were sectioned at two mm, four mm and six mm from the apex and examined under a stereomicroscope for depth of irrigant penetration. RESULTS Apical extrusion of the irrigant solution was significantly less with the EndoVac system (1.18±1.04) when compared with the manual irrigation system (2.3±1.55) (P=0.002)*. Results showed that greater irrigant penetration was achieved using the EndoVac irrigation system compared to the manual irrigation system (P= 0.000)*. With both the irrigation systems, the depth of irrigant penetration was better in the six mm sections followed by the four mm sections and two mm sections (P=0.000)*. CONCLUSION The EndoVac irrigation system demonstrated better efficacy compared to manual irrigation system with less apical extrusion and better depth of irrigant penetration into dentine.
A Qualitative Exploration of a Massachusetts Drug Court: How are the 10 Key Components Applied?

With the overwhelming drug offense and policy changes that occurred in the 1080s, the criminal justice system was forced to create other methods of dealing with offenders suffering from substance abuse problems. Therefore, drug court was created as a diversion program. Drug court was first created in 1989 in Florida to offer a therapeutic method to assist offenders with substance abuse problems and criminal cases. The purpose of drug court was to prevent addicts from constant contact with the criminal justice system. Drug court professionals developed a guideline based on the therapeutic jurisprudence theory called the "10 key component". The purpose of this study was to analyze how closely a Massachusetts drug court adheres to drug court's 10 key components. Drug court participants' perceptions on the application of the 10 key components were acquired by an indepth face-to-face interview session. This research also used court observation to study drug court as an alternative to incarceration. This study found that although this Massachusetts drug court adheres to the 10 key components there is room for improvement.
Tired of pain or painfully tired? A reciprocal relationship between chronic pain and fatigue.

Milton Cohen Ralf Baron Juan-Antonio Mico Andrew S.C. Rice Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Spine Center, Stockholm, Sweden St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia Division of Neurological Pain Research and Therapy, Department of Neurology, Universitaetsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany Department of Neuroscience, CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain Pain Research, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom E-mail address: Eva.Kosek@ki.se (E. Kosek) http://dx.doi. org/10.1097/j.pain. 0000000000001185
Simulation of collisions between buckyballs and graphene sheets

The phenomena of buckyball–graphene collisions were investigated by classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using the empirical Tersoff potential. Three cases were investigated: collisions between a buckyball and a single-layer graphene; collisions between a nano-onion (a double-layer concentric spherical nanostructure: a C60 in a C320) and a single-layer graphene; collisions between a nano-onion and a double-layer graphene. The impact velocity of the buckyball or nano-onion ranged from 4.37 km/s to 15.31 km/s. Simulation results for the buckyball–graphene collisions show that the buckyball bounces back when the impact velocity is less than 8.75 km/s, sticks to the graphene when the impact velocity is between 8.75 km/s and 12.03 km/s, and breaks when the impact velocity is greater than 12.03 km/s. Similar phenomena are observed for the other two cases. A single buckyball can never go through a single-layer graphene intact; however, the inner structure (C60) of a nano-onion can penetrate through a single-layer graphene without any damage. The energy evolution during the whole simulation process was also studied.
Polymerization of Meldrum’s Acid and Diisocyanate: An Effective Approach for Preparation of Reactive Polyamides and Polyurethanes

Meldrum’s acid (MA) is utilized as a monomer to polymerize with diisocyanates to result in polyamides, containing MA moieties at polymer chains. This reaction is also employed to prepare isocyanate-terminated polyamide segments which are utilized as a precursor for preparation of MA-containing polyurethanes. Based on the thermolysis reaction of MA groups, followed by ketene dimerization reaction, the reactive polyamides and polyurethanes show self-cross-linkable features. The cross-linked polyurethanes exhibit good film formability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties. A new MA-based polymerization method and a novel synthesis route for preparation of reactive polyamides and polyurethanes are demonstrated.
Propensity for adverse pregnancy outcomes in African-American women may be explained by low energy expenditure in early pregnancy.

Background African-American (AA) women have poorer pregnancy outcomes, and studies in nonpregnant women suggest a different etiology of weight gain in AA compared with white women. We hypothesized that physiologic factors such as low energy expenditure and physical activity would be present in AA compared with white women in pregnancy. Objective We aimed to identify physiologic risk factors for disordered energy balance in AA and white women early in pregnancy. Design This was a cross-sectional study in 66 pregnant women with obesity, between 14 and 16 wk of gestation. Energy intake was calculated using the intake-balance method. Energy expenditure was measured in free-living conditions [total daily energy expenditure (TDEE)] over 7 d with the use of doubly labelled water and during sleep [sleeping EE (SleepEE)] in a room calorimeter. Body composition was measured by air displacement plethysmography and physical activity by accelerometers. Markers of metabolic health were obtained from fasting blood and urine. Results AA (n = 34) and white (n = 32) women were comparable in age (mean ± SEM: 27.7 ± 0.6 y), enrollment body mass index [mean ± SEM (in kg/m2): 36.9 ± 0.7], and body fat (mean ± SEM: 45.0% ± 0.6%). AA women had more fat-free mass (P = 0.01) and tended to be more insulin-resistant (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, P = 0.06). Energy intake was significantly lower in AA than in white women (2499 ± 76 compared with 2769 ± 58 kcal/d, P = 0.001), although absolute TDEE was comparable (AA: 2590 ± 77 kcal/d; white: 2711 ± 56 kcal/d; P = 0.21). After adjusting for body composition, TDEE was significantly lower in AA women (-231 ± 74 kcal/d, P = 0.003), as was SleepEE (-81 ± 37 kcal/d, P = 0.03). Physical activity, substrate oxidation, and metabolic biomarkers (triiodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations, catecholamine excretion) were not significantly different between groups. Conclusions Body mass-adjusted energy expenditure is significantly lower in AA than in white pregnant women. Energy intake recommendations for pregnancy do not consider this difference and may therefore overestimate energy requirements in AA women. This may lead to unintentional overeating and contribute to the disparity of excess gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention that is more prevalent in AA women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01954342.
A Database of Radiocarbon Dates for Palaeoenvironmental Research in Eastern Africa

Radiocarbon dating is one of the most widely available and applied techniques to develop Late Quaternary chronologies of many ecosystems and is, thus, utilized in Quaternary studies, archaeology, hydrology, geomorphology, palaeoanthropology, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology, palaeontology, and isotope analyses. A manual literature review search of published radiocarbon dates from eastern Africa was undertaken to store these data in the open-access format and included in the Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database. Dates ranged from 57,804 to 0 14C years Before Present. The format of the database permits expansion of the dataset in the future and permits local, regional and global scale analyses of radiocarbon dates. This paper expands on some of these potential research areas and promote archiving of African data.
An Estimation Method for Environmental Friction Based on Body Dynamic Model of Caenorhabditis elegans

Caenorhabditis elegans is a small worm which is approximately 1.3 mm in length. The present study proposes an estimation method for frictional force using locomotion information obtained from video analysis of actual worms. The results indicate that the body model driven by the estimated frictional force can trace the locomotion of the worm within 4% of the body length. The proposed method may be able to be applied to analyze the relationship between friction and gait control.
Food choice motives, attitude towards and intention to adopt personalised nutrition

Abstract Objective The present study explored associations between food choice motives, attitudes towards and intention to adopt personalised nutrition, to inform communication strategies based on consumer priorities and concerns. Design/Setting A survey was administered online which included the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) and items assessing attitudes towards and intention to adopt personalised nutrition. Subjects Nationally representative samples were recruited in nine EU countries (n 9381). Results Structural equation modelling indicated that the food choice motives ‘weight control’, ‘mood’, ‘health’ and ‘ethical concern’ had a positive association and ‘price’ had a negative association with attitude towards, and intention to adopt, personalised nutrition. ‘Health’ was positively associated and ‘familiarity’ negatively associated with attitude towards personalised nutrition. The effects of ‘weight control’, ‘ethical concern’, ‘mood’ and ‘price’ on intention to adopt personalised nutrition were partially mediated by attitude. The effects of ‘health’ and ‘familiarity’ were fully mediated by attitude. ‘Sensory appeal’ was negatively and directly associated with intention to adopt personalised nutrition. Conclusions Personalised nutrition providers may benefit from taking into consideration the importance of underlying determinants of food choice in potential users, particularly weight control, mood and price, when promoting services and in tailoring communications that are motivationally relevant.
A Variance-Constrained Approach to Recursive Filtering for Nonlinear 2-D Systems With Measurement Degradations

This paper is concerned with the recursive filtering problem for a class of nonlinear 2-D time-varying systems with degraded measurements over a finite horizon. The phenomenon of measurement degradation occurs in a random way depicted by stochastic variables satisfying certain probabilities distributions. The nonlinearities under consideration are dealt with through the Taylor expansion, where the high-order terms of the linearization errors are characterized by norm-bounded parameter uncertainties. The objective of the addressed problem is to design a filter which guarantees an upper bound of the estimation error variance and subsequently minimizes such a bound with the desired gain parameters. By means of mathematical induction, an upper bound is first derived for the estimation error variance by constructing two sets of Riccati-like difference equations, and then the obtained bound is minimized by properly selecting the filter parameter at each time step. Both the minimal upper bound and the desired filter parameter are suitable for recursive online computation. Furthermore, the effect of the stochastic measurement degradation on the filtering performance is discussed. Finally, a simulation example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed filter.
Information from Graphical Analysis of Heart Rate Variability using Chaos Theory

Heart period continually varies from beat to beat as a result of autonomic effects on the sinoatrial node; these changes can be computed as heart rate variability (HRV). HRV has become a popular clinical and investigational tool. The temporal fluctuations in heart rate exhibit a marked synchrony with respiration (increasing during inspiration and decreasing during expiration – the so called respiratory sinus arrhythmia, RSA) and are widely believed to reflect changes in cardiac autonomic regulation. Additionally, following a premature ventricular beat, reproducible variations take place in RR interval as a result of baroreflex mediated autonomic effects on the sinoatrial node, which can be gauged as heart rate turbulence (HRT). Apparently, impaired autonomic task as gauged through HRV and HRT are reliable in the prediction of adverse results within clinical surroundings. The ability of decreased HRV and HRT in the prediction of adverse results has been justified by their reliance on vagal mechanisms, which are capable of echoing an improved sympathetic and a decreased sinus node’s vagal modulation thereby promoting cardiac electrical instability.