Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-labeled document classification using semi-supervived mixture model of Watson distributions on document manifold

Classification of multilabel documents is essential to information retrieval and text mining. Most of existing approaches to multilabel text classification do not pay attention to relationship between class labels and input documents and also rely on labeled data all the time for classification. In fact, unlabeled data is readily available whereas generation of labeled data is expensive and error prone as it needs human annotation. In this paper, we propose a novel multilabel document classification approach based on semi-supervised mixture model of Watson distributions on document manifold which explicitly considers the manifold structure of document space to exploit efficiently both labeled and unlabeled data for classification. Our proposed approach models all labels within a dataset simultaneously, which lends itself well to the task of considering the relationship between these labels. The experimental results show that proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods applying to multilabeled text classification.
STXXL: standard template library for XXL data sets

We present the software library STXXL that is an implementation of the C++ standard template library (STL) for processing huge data sets that can fit only on hard disks. It supports parallel disks, overlapping between disk I/O and computation and it is the first I/O‐efficient algorithm library that supports the pipelining technique that can save more than half of the I/Os. STXXL has been applied both in academic and industrial environments for a range of problems including text processing, graph algorithms, computational geometry, Gaussian elimination, visualization, and analysis of microscopic images, differential cryptographic analysis, etc. The performance of STXXL and its applications are evaluated on synthetic and real‐world inputs. We present the design of the library, how its performance features are supported, and demonstrate how the library integrates with STL. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender Classification Technique Based on Facial Features using Neural Network

In this paper, we present a novel method to gender classification using a new simple feature extraction which extracts geometric features such as distance between eyebrow to eye, eyebrow to nose top, nose top to mouth, eye to mouth, left eye to right eye, width of nose, width of mouth. First to extract these features by using Viola Jones algorithm and then apply Artificial Neural Network. The features set is applied to three different applications: face recognition, facial expressions recognition and gender classification, which produced the reasonable results in all database. We described two phases such as feature extraction phase and classification phase. These features provide input to trained neural networks. The neural networks have been proposed for classification purpose. The networks have been trained to produce value 1 for male and 0 for female. Output of these neural network determines the gender of the person. The results using a training database of 100 male and 100 female images from CIPM institute. Keywords— Feature Extraction, Gender Classification, Back Propagation neural network.
CANDIDATE TIDAL DWARF GALAXIES IN Arp 305: LESSONS ON DWARF DETACHMENT AND GLOBULAR CLUSTER FORMATION

To search for Tidal Dwarf Galaxies (TDGs) and to study star formation (SF) in tidal features, we are conducting a large UV imaging survey of interacting galaxies selected from the Arp (1996) Atlas using the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) telescope. As part of that study, we present a GALEX UV and Sloan Digital Sky Survey and SARA optical study of the gas-rich interacting galaxy pair Arp 305 (NGC 4016/7). The GALEX UV data reveal much extended diffuse UV emission and SF outside the disks. This includes a luminous star-forming region between the two galaxies, and a number of such regions in tidal tails. We have identified 45 young star-forming clumps in Arp 305, including several TDG candidates. By comparing the UV and optical colors to population synthesis models, we determined that the clumps are very young, with several having ages ∼6 Myr. We do not find many intermediate age clumps in spite of the fact that the last closest encounter was about 300 Myr ago. We have used a smooth particle hydrodynamics code to model the interaction and determine the fate of the star clusters and candidate TDGs.
Molecular Pharmacology of Somatostatin‐receptor Subtypes

Somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor, SRIF) was initially isolated from ovine hypothalamic extracts as a factor that inhibits growth hormone (GH) release from cultured pituitary cells. ' Later it became evident that SRIF is an important regulator of endocrine and exocrine secretion and CNS functions. SRIF is derived from preprosomatostatin (116 amino acids) that is first cleaved to form prosomatostatin (92 amino acids) before being processed by tissue-specific cleavage to several shorter fragments, such as SRIF-28, SRIF-25, and SRIF-14, of which SRIF-14 was identified first. SRIF is found widely distributed throughout the intestinal tract; the D cells of the pancreas; specific endocrine cells of the thyroid, thymus, and brain; and also in neurons innervating the heart and r e t i ~ ~ a . ~ ~ SRIF not only inhibits the release of GH but also that of other hormones, such as insulin, glucagon, gastrin, and secretin, as well as exocrine secretion.2 SRIF is also present in various brain regions where it was shown to be a modulator of neural activity. @ It regulates the release of a variety of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, 5-HT, and excitatory amino acids. In addition, SRIF and its metabolically stabilized analogues, such as octreotide (SMS 201-995), possess antiproliferative properties. Inhibitory effects on tumor-cell proliferation have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. "' All these observed regulatory effects of SRIF are mediated by specific, highaffinity membrane receptors on the target tissues, such as brain, pancreas, pituitary, gastrointestinal tract, and on tumor t i s s ~ e . ~ . ~ Results of radioligand binding and second-messenger studies, using selected SRIF analogues, have suggested for years the existence of at least two SRIF-receptor subtypes, SSl/SRIFl and SS2/SRIF2.12. 13 Furthermore, various SRIF analogues differed in their inhibitory potency on the secretion of insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, and gastric acid, providing further support for the heterogeneity of SRIF re~ept0rs.l~ The final proof for SRIF receptor heterogeneity has been obtained during the last two years by the cloning of different genes coding for SRIF-receptor subtypes.
Cigarette smoking and the thyroid.

The effects of smoking on the function of endocrine glands have been investigated extensively but still are to be elucidated fully. It is widely recognized that the most important component of the smoke produced from the burning of tobacco, in terms of endocrine effects, is nicotine. Nicotine acts through the interaction with acetylcholine receptors, but it seems likely that others among the numerous smoke products may somehow influence endocrine homeostasis. The present paper will focus on the relationship between smoking and variations in thyroid economy or the occurrence of thyroid dysfunction.
Adaptive Vision-Based Leader–Follower Formation Control of Mobile Robots

This paper focuses on the problem of vision-based leader–follower formation control of mobile robots. The proposed adaptive controller only requires the image information from an uncalibrated perspective camera mounted at any position and orientation (attitude) on the follower robot. Furthermore, the approach does not depend on the relative position measurement and communication between the leader and follower. First, a new real-time observer is developed to estimate the unknown intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters as well as the unknown coefficients of the plane where the feature point moves relative to the camera frame. Second, the Lyapunov method is employed to prove the stability of the closed-loop system, where it is shown that convergence of the image error is guaranteed. Finally, the performance of the approach is demonstrated through physical experiments and experimental results.
Multiplex genome editing by natural transformation

Significance The ability to generate mutants is essential in microbiology research. Although methods have been developed for making defined single mutations in bacterial genomes, methods for simultaneously generating multiple defined mutations (i.e., multiplex genome editing) have been limited to model species such as Escherichia coli. Diverse microbial species have the ability to take up exogenous DNA naturally and integrate it into their genome, a process known as “natural transformation. ” Although natural transformation has been exploited for making single mutations, it has not been used previously for multiplex genome editing. Here, we describe multiplex genome editing by natural transformation and demonstrate the utility of this method in two naturally competent microbial species. This method should be broadly applicable for diverse research applications. Editing bacterial genomes is an essential tool in research and synthetic biology applications. Here, we describe multiplex genome editing by natural transformation (MuGENT), a method for accelerated evolution based on the cotransformation of unlinked genetic markers in naturally competent microorganisms. We found that natural cotransformation allows scarless genome editing at unprecedented frequencies of ∼50%. Using DNA substrates with randomized nucleotides, we found no evidence for bias during natural cotransformation, indicating that this method can be used for directed evolution studies. Furthermore, we found that natural cotransformation is an effective method for multiplex genome editing. Because MuGENT does not require selection at edited loci in cis, output mutant pools are highly complex, and strains may have any number and combination of the multiplexed genome edits. We demonstrate the utility of this technique in metabolic and phenotypic engineering by optimizing natural transformation in Vibrio cholerae. This was accomplished by combinatorially editing the genome via gene deletions and promoter replacements and by tuning translation initiation of five genes involved in the process of natural competence and transformation. MuGENT allowed for the generation of a complex mutant pool in 1 wk and resulted in the selection of a genetically edited strain with a 30-fold improvement in natural transformation. We also demonstrate the efficacy of this technique in Streptococcus pneumoniae and highlight the potential for MuGENT to be used in multiplex genetic interaction analysis. Thus, MuGENT is a broadly applicable platform for accelerated evolution and genetic interaction studies in diverse naturally competent species.
The Mechanisms and Effects of the Code Red Worm

This paper addresses the vulnerability that was present in Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) web server software and the worm, Code Red, which exploited this vulnerability. It describes the mechanisms of three different versions of Code Red, as well as the patches and methods for stopping the worm. Finally, it discusses the effects of the worm, both financially and technically, as well as in how it has impacted the security of systems in general.
The clinical utility and cost-effectiveness of non-bone mineral density based prognostic tests for osteoporotic fracture

Recently two algorithms have become available to estimate the 10-year probability of fracture in patients suspected to have osteoporosis on the basis of clinical risk factors: the FRAX algorithm and QFractureScores algorithm (QFracture). The aim of this study was to compare the performance of these algorithms in a study of fracture patients and controls recruited from six centers in the United Kingdom and Ireland. A total of 246 postmenopausal women aged 50–85 years who had recently suffered a low-trauma fracture were enrolled and their characteristics were compared with 338 female controls who had never suffered a fracture. Femoral bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and fracture risk was calculated using the FRAX and QFracture algorithms. The FRAX algorithm yielded higher scores for fracture risk than the QFracture algorithm. Accordingly, the risk of major fracture in the overall study group was 9.5% for QFracture compared with 15.2% for FRAX. For hip fracture risk the values were 2.9% and 4.7%, respectively. The correlation between FRAX and QFracture was R = 0.803 for major fracture and R = 0.857 for hip fracture (P B 0.0001). Both algorithms yielded high specificity but poor sensitivity for prediction of osteoporosis. We conclude that the FRAX and QFracture algorithms yield similar results in the estimation of fracture risk. Both of these tools could be of value in primary care to identify patients in the community at risk of osteoporosis and fragility fractures for further investigation and therapeutic intervention.
Violent expiratory events: on coughing and sneezing

Abstract Violent respiratory events such as coughs and sneezes play a key role in transferring respiratory diseases between infectious and susceptible individuals. We present the results of a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the fluid dynamics of such violent expiratory events. Direct observation of sneezing and coughing events reveals that such flows are multiphase turbulent buoyant clouds with suspended droplets of various sizes. Our observations guide the development of an accompanying theoretical model of pathogen-bearing droplets interacting with a turbulent buoyant momentum puff. We develop in turn discrete and continuous models of droplet fallout from the cloud in order to predict the range of pathogens. According to the discrete fallout model droplets remain suspended in the cloud until their settling speed matches that of the decelerating cloud. A continuous fallout model is developed by adapting models of sedimentation from turbulent fluids. The predictions of our theoretical models are tested against data gathered from a series of analogue experiments in which a particle-laden cloud is ejected into a relatively dense ambient. Our study highlights the importance of the multiphase nature of respiratory clouds, specifically the suspension of the smallest drops by circulation within the cloud, in extending the range of respiratory pathogens.
Vascular adaptation to 4 wk of deconditioning by unilateral lower limb suspension.

Physical inactivity or deconditioning is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. In contrast to exercise, the vascular changes that occur as a result of deconditioning have not been characterized. We used 4 wk of unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS) to study arterial and venous adaptations to deconditioning. In contrast to previous studies, this model is not confounded by denervation or microgravity. Seven healthy subjects participated in the study. Arterial and venous characteristics of the legs were assessed by echo Doppler ultrasound and venous occlusion plethysmography. The diameter of the common and superficial femoral artery decreased by 12% after 4 wk of ULLS. Baseline calf blood flow, as measured by plethysmography, decreased from 2.1 +/- 0.2 to 1.6 +/- 0.2 ml.min(-1). dl tissue(-1). Both arterial diameter and calf blood flow returned to baseline values after 4 wk of recovery. There was no indication of a decrease in flow-mediated dilation of the superficial femoral artery after ULLS deconditioning. This means that functional adaptations to inactivity are not simply the inverse of adaptations to exercise. The venous pressure-volume curve is shifted downward after ULLS, without any effect on compliance. In conclusion, deconditioning by 4 wk of ULLS causes significant changes in both the arterial and the venous system.
Preventing Early Infant Sleep and Crying Problems and Postnatal Depression: A Randomized Trial

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a prevention program for infant sleep and cry problems and postnatal depression. METHODS: Randomized controlled trial with 781 infants born at 32 weeks or later in 42 well-child centers, Melbourne, Australia. Follow-up occurred at infant age 4 and 6 months. The intervention including supplying information about normal infant sleep and cry patterns, settling techniques, medical causes of crying and parent self-care, delivered via booklet and DVD (at infant age 4 weeks), telephone consultation (8 weeks), and parent group (13 weeks) versus well-child care. Outcomes included caregiver-reported infant night sleep problem (primary outcome), infant daytime sleep, cry and feeding problems, crying and sleep duration, caregiver depression symptoms, attendance at night wakings, and formula changes. RESULTS: Infant outcomes were similar between groups. Relative to control caregivers, intervention caregivers at 6 months were less likely to score >9 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (7.9%, vs 12.9%, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.34 to 0.94), spend >20 minutes attending infant wakings (41% vs 51%, adjusted OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.95), or change formula (13% vs 23%, P < .05). Infant frequent feeders (>11 feeds/24 hours) in the intervention group were less likely to have daytime sleep (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.54) or cry problems (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.86) at 4 months. CONCLUSIONS: An education program reduces postnatal depression symptoms, as well as sleep and cry problems in infants who are frequent feeders. The program may be best targeted to frequent feeders.
An intention model-based study of software piracy

The illegal copying of software is commonly referred to as software piracy, which is considered to be one of the ethical issues of cyberspace. To this end, several measures have been tried to prevent and deter losses. One is to identify the factors that influence the piracy act. In this research, a theoretical model is developed to test the factors that would significantly affect piracy intention of information system (IS) professionals. The model is based on the Ajzen's (1985; 1989) theory of planned behavior (TPB), ethical decision making theory, self-efficacy theory, and M-O-P (Motivation-Object-Protect) criminal theory. Our study shows that that IS professional's piracy acts are directly influenced by their attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived deindividuation. It also shows that the attitude and subjective norms are, in turn, influenced by their ethical perception of piracy issues and organizational ethical climates.
The long-tongued hawkmoth pollinator niche for native and invasive plants in Africa.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Unrelated organisms that share similar niches often exhibit patterns of convergent evolution in functional traits. Based on bimodal distributions of hawkmoth tongue lengths and tubular white flowers in Africa, this study hypothesized that long-tongued hawkmoths comprise a pollination niche (ecological opportunity) that is distinct from that of shorter-tongued hawkmoths. METHODS Field observations, light trapping, camera surveillance and pollen load analysis were used to identify pollinators of plant species with very long-tubed (>8 cm) flowers. The nectar properties and spectral reflectance of these flowers were also measured. The frequency distributions of proboscis length for all captured hawkmoths and floral tube length for a representative sample of night-blooming plant species were determined. The geographical distributions of both native and introduced plant species with very long floral tubes were mapped. KEY RESULTS The convolvulus hawkmoth Agrius convolvuli is identified as the most important pollinator of African plants with very long-tubed flowers. Plants pollinated by this hawkmoth species tend to have a very long (approx. 10 cm) and narrow flower tube or spur, white flowers and large volumes of dilute nectar. It is estimated that >70 grassland and savanna plant species in Africa belong to the Agrius pollination guild. In South Africa, at least 23 native species have very long floral tubes, and pollination by A. convolvuli or, rarely, by the closely related hawkmoth Coelonia fulvinotata, has been confirmed for 11 of these species. The guild is strikingly absent from the species-rich Cape floral region and now includes at least four non-native invasive species with long-tubed flowers that are pre-adapted for pollination by A. convolvuli. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the value of a niche perspective on pollination, which provides a framework for making predictions about the ecological importance of keystone pollinators, and for understanding patterns of convergent evolution and the role of floral traits in plant colonization.
Study of Gamma Irradiation Effect on Unplasticized PVC by Positron Annihilation

Positron annihilation technique is used to study the gamma irradiation effect on unplasticized PVC (UPVC). Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) results show that both the o-Ps lifetime and intensity decrease with the increase of gamma irradiation dose. By comparing Coincidence Doppler Broadening (CDB) results of four typical polymers using different reference sample, it is confirmed that CDB ratio curve can truthfully reflect the momentum difference of electrons which positrons annihilate with. The CDB results of gamma-irradiated UPVC using non-irradiated UPVC rather than commonly chosen LDPE as a reference sample show obvious oxygen peak, together with FTIR results, verify the appearance of carbonyl groups around the free volume.
Physical and tensile properties of epoxy laminated magnetic bacterial cellulose nanocomposite films

Despite many potential applications, the adverse impacts of magnetic nanoparticles on the tensile properties of magnetic cellulose papers and films are well established. On the other hand, water absorption and thickness swelling of cellulose materials are important limiting factors in many engineering applications. These challenges caused limited applications of magnetic cellulose nanocomposites. The aim of this study is to examine the possibility of modifying the physical and mechanical behaviors of magnetic bacterial cellulose films by epoxy resin lamination. Results showed that the tensile modulus and strength of the magnetic bacterial cellulose film, respectively, increased about 280% and 240% after epoxy lamination while they maintained their desirable magnetic and flexibility properties. Furthermore, the water absorption and thickness swelling of the epoxy laminated magnetic nanocomposite films, respectively, improved about 43% and 42%. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45118.
Elucidating posttraumatic stress symptom profiles and their correlates among women experiencing bidirectional intimate partner violence.

OBJECTIVE This study employed latent class analysis to identify profiles of women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) based on the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. METHOD Self-report data from a sample of 369 women experiencing bidirectional IPV was used. RESULTS A 3-class solution comprising low, moderate, and high PTSD severity profiles best fit the data. Profiles were differentially related to whether IPV victimization was considered traumatic (PTSD criterion A); whether functioning was impaired as a result of PTSD symptoms (PTSD criterion F); whether the woman met full diagnostic criteria for PTSD; depression symptom severity; and severity of psychological, physical, and sexual IPV victimization and use of IPV. An extremely high percentage of women in the high (96%) and moderate (88%) severity classes experienced functional impairment, although many did not meet full diagnostic criteria for PTSD. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the need for interventions individually tailored to one's treatment needs based on the nature of one's traumatic stressor and the impact of PTSD on daily functioning.