Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Treatment of Avoidant Personality Disorder by Social Skills Training in the Clinic or in Real-Life Settings

Twenty-eight outpatients who met DSM-III diagnostic criteria for avoidant personality disorder completed 14 one and a half hour sessions of social skills training in the clinic only or a combination of four sessions in the clinic, four sessions in real-life and six follow-up sessions in the clinic. Subjects were assessed before treatment began, after four sessions, at the end of treatment and at three month follow-up points. Training in real-life did not enhance social skills training; no significant difference between the groups at any assessment points was found. In both groups improvement in time was significant and clinically worthwhile. The treatment effects were maintained up to the three month follow-up, where available. Social skills training appears to be a useful and promising intervention for avoidant personality disorder but its long term impact remains to be investigated.
Effects of Life History Strategies on Annual Events and Processes in the Lives of Tidal Marsh Sparrows

15 Introduction . 16 Methods . 22 Results . 27 Discussion. 29 References . 35 Chapter 2: feather damage and fault bars throughout the annual cycle of tidal marsh sparrows Abstract . 49 Introduction . 50 Methods . 55 Results . 61 Discussion. 64 References . 70 Chapter 3: body condition and survival throughout the annual cycle of tidal marsh sparrows Abstract . 88 Introduction . 89 Methods . 93 Results . 101 Discussion. 104 References . 111
A Proof of the Converse for the Capacity of Gaussian MIMO Broadcast Channels

The paper provides a proof of the converse for the capacity region of the Gaussian MIMO broadcast channel under total average transmit power constraint. The proof uses several ideas from earlier works on the problem including the recent converse proof by Weingarten, Steinberg and Shamai. First the duality between Gaussian multiple access and broadcast channels is employed to show that every point on the boundary of the dirty paper coding region can be represented as the optimal solution to a convex optimization problem. Using the optimality conditions for this convex problem, a degraded broadcast channel is constructed for each point. It is then shown that the capacity region for this degraded broadcast channel contains the capacity region of the original channel. Moreover, the same point lies on the boundary of the dirty paper coding region for this degraded channel. Finally, the standard entropy power inequality is used to show that this point lies on the boundary of the capacity region of the degraded channel as well and consequently it is on the boundary of the capacity region of the original channel
Personality-Enabled Architecture for Cognition (PAC): Architecture and Initial Implementation

Abstract : This research is a collaboration between CHI Systems and the University of Southern California, to develop a new technical capability to create human behavioral representations (HBRs) with pre-defined and specific personality traits and cultural characteristics. This capability meets a current and growing need for human models that exhibit personality and cultural variability. The need arises from multiple sources, but primarily from the increased frequency and complexity of military operations involving coalition forces with great cultural and personality diversity, and the growing trend toward asymmetrical conflicts involving adversaries with poorly understood cultural values, characteristics, and behavior patterns. The research integrates theory and empirical data from personality psychology, social psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience to create a new software environment called the Personality-enabled Architecture for Cognition (PAC). Unlike existing cognitive architectures that attempt to build affective and personality factors as customizations to an underlying formally rational symbolic architecture, PAC uses dimensions of personality, emotion, and culture as foundations for the cognitive process. This report covers the first year of effort in the program, which focused on developing the initial PAC architecture and software implementation.
Approach to colon polyps in the elderly

Colorectal cancer is a common but potentially preventable disease. Nearly all colorectal cancers are thought to arise from adenomatous polyps. The conclusions from the National Polyp Study strongly support the concept that the removal of polyps may prevent the future development of colorectal cancer. With the growing acceptance of screening for colorectal cancer, many elderly patients with adenomatous polyps will be discovered. Because increasing age is a powerful determinant of a higher prevalence of colonic neoplasia in asymptomatic individuals, physicians will need to be prepared to make informed decisions regarding the treatment of elderly patients with colonic polyps. The literature is reviewed and guidelines are formed regarding the optimal surveillance interval for patients with colonic polyps. The age at which surveillance and screening for colorectal neoplasia should stop is also reviewed. Conclusions are based on the currently available data.
Magnetostriction observed by X-ray diffraction in iron

A new technique to observe magnetostriction by X-ray diffraction was reported. We found that a symmetry part of the relative diffraction intensity change induced by applying magnetic field was proportional to a Bragg angle shift. It was a differential measurement on the rocking curve. The Bragg angle and its shift gave quantitative magnetostrictive coefficients. Sensitivity of the present method on the magnetostrictive coefficient for an iron specimen approached to 10/sup -7/.
Environmental exposures, epigenetics and cardiovascular disease

Purpose of reviewEpigenetic modifications are heritable alterations of the genome, which can govern gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. The purpose of this review is to render an overview of the possible mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of gene expression in response to environmental pollutants leading to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Recent findingsAn era of cataloging epigenetic marks of the various diseased states has recently commenced, including those within the genes responsible for atherosclerosis, ischemia, hypertension and heart failure. From varied study approaches directed either toward the general understanding of the key pathway regulatory genes, or sampling population cohorts for global and gene-specific changes, it has been possible to identify several epigenetic signatures of environmental exposure relevant to CVD. Signatures of epigenetic dysregulation can be detected in peripheral blood samples, even within a few hours of environmental exposure. However, the field now faces the demand for thorough, systematic, rationalized approaches to establish the relation of exposure-driven epigenetic changes to clinical outcomes, by using sophisticated and reliable research designs and tools. SummaryAn understanding of chromatin remodelling in response to environmental stimuli conducive to CVD is emerging, with the promise of novel diagnostic and therapeutic candidates.
Did Alpha Diversity Increase during the Phanerozoic? Lifting the Veils of Taphonomic, Latitudinal, and Environmental Biases

We estimate the effects of three biases on the observed alpha diversity of paleocommunities from the Middle Paleozoic and Late Cenozoic. The first bias results from the preferential dissolution of aragonite relative to calcite; this bias can lower the relative abundance and preserved diversity of aragonitic taxa, potentially lowering the rarefied diversity of an entire fossil assemblage. We model the effects of this bias by analytically reinserting aragonitic specimens and taxa into Paleozoic assemblages that have been described in the literature. The aragonitic specimens are inserted using a wide range of reasonable assumptions about the original local paleocommunity composition. Although the dissolution bias is probably not as severe as has been argued by some, our analytical modeling indicates that the average Paleozoic assemblage may have lost up to 29% of its total diversity. The second bias results from the higher diversity of the tropics relative to temperate latitudes, but the Late Cenozoic collections we analyzed from the literature represent temperate assemblages whereas the Paleozoic collections were tropical in origin (the northward drift of North America and Europe through time caused this difference). On the basis of latitudinal diversity gradients in the Late Cenozoic, the diversity of the temperate Late Cenozoic samples should be at least doubled for an accurate comparison to the tropical Paleozoic samples. The third bias is environmental: our Late Cenozoic samples tend to come from more onshore, stressed habitats than the Paleozoic samples. In our study, this factor should reduce the apparent diversity of Late Cenozoic paleocommunities by about 9%. After correcting for these biases, standardized alpha diversity appears to increase by a factor of 3.0–3.7 from the Middle Paleozoic to the Late Cenozoic. Previous studies that did not correct for these biases suggested that alpha diversity increased by a factor of 2.5 times; the earlier studies produced approximately correct results because (by chance) the effects of the biases largely cancel out. In the “consensus” article on marine diversity history, an observed increase in alpha diversity was taken as powerful support for an increase in global diversity from the Paleozoic to the Cenozoic. Although we do not test all conflating factors, this study provides new rigor to this longstanding view on alpha diversity change in the Phanerozoic.
A Decade of Imaging Spectrometry in Canada

RESUMELe present article trace le bilan des activites de recherche et de developpement dans le domaine de la radiometrie spectrale imageante au Canada au cours de la derniere decennie, tout en mettant en relief les dix articles presentes sur ce sujet dans cette edition speciale du Journal canadien de teledetection. L'auteur traite de la radiometrie spectrale imageante, ou teledetection a haute resolution spectrale, sous l'angle des objectifs vises, de la mise au point des capteurs et du traitement des donnees. Une attention particuliere est donnee aux spectrometres-imageurs canadiens existants et futurs tels que le spectrometre-imageur a raie de fluorescence FLI (Fluorescence Line Imager), le spectrometre-imageur compact CASI (Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager) et le spectrometre-imageur a faible longueur d'onde infrarouge SFSI (SWIR Full Spectrographic Imager). Des methodes elaborees expressement pour l'analyse des donnees a haute resolution spectrale sont presentees sommairement dans le contexte de.
Using Empirical Erosion Models and GIS to Determine Erosion Risk at Camp Williams, Utah

ABSTRACT: Soil erosion was assessed at Camp Williams Army National Guard Training Facility by creating an erosion risk classification map. The map was created by applying empirical erosion models including the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) with CIS and then grouping the quantitative erosion estimates into erosion risk classes. The assessment indicated where problem areas occurred and showed relative erosion risk, but its lack of quantitative accuracy should be noted. Soil erosion does not appear to be a problem for most of the facility except in areas with little or no protective vegetation such as roads. Analysis of each factor showed that the cover-management factor (C) contributed most of the variability to the erosion risk classification map. A comparison of three GIS derived factors (K, S, and C) to factors derived from field data indicated mixed results for accuracy.
QUANTITATIVE CONVERGENCE RATES OF MARKOV CHAINS: A SIMPLE ACCOUNT

We state and prove a simple quantitative bound on the total variation distance after k iterations between two Markov chains with different initial distributions but identical transition probabilities. The result is a simplified and improved version of the result in Rosenthal (1995), which also takes into account the $epsilon$-improvement of Roberts and Tweedie (1999), and which follows as a special case of the more complicated time-inhomogeneous results of Douc et al. (2002). However, the proof we present is very short and simple; and we feel that it is worthwhile to boil the proof down to its essence. This paper is purely expository; no new results are presented.
Animal source food intake and association with blood cholesterol, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids in a northern Swedish population

Background The high intake of game meat in populations with a subsistence-based diet may affect their blood lipids and health status. Objective To examine the association between diet and circulating levels of blood lipid levels in a northern Swedish population. Study design We compared a group with traditional lifestyle (TLS) based on reindeer herding (TLS group) with those from the same area with a non-traditional lifestyle (NTLS) typical of more industrialized regions of Sweden (NTLS group). The analysis was based on self-reported intake of animal source food (i.e. non-game meat, game meat, fish, dairy products and eggs) and the serum blood level of a number of lipids [total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides (TG), glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids]. Results The TLS group had higher cholesterol, LDL and HDL levels than the reference group. Of the TLS group, 65% had cholesterol levels above the threshold for increased risk of coronary heart disease (≥240 mg/dl), as compared to 38% of the NTLS group. Self-reported consumption of game meat was positively associated with TC and LDL. Conclusions The high game meat consumption of the TLS group is associated with increased cholesterol levels. High intake of animal protein and fat and low fibre is known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, but other studies of the TLS in northern Sweden have shown comparable incidences of cardiovascular disease to the reference (NTLS) group from the same geographical area. This indicates that factors other than TC influence disease risk. One such possible factor is dietary phospholipids, which are also found in high amounts specifically in game meat and have been shown to inhibit cholesterol absorption.
Nurse led interventions to improve control of blood pressure in people with hypertension: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective To review trials of nurse led interventions for hypertension in primary care to clarify the evidence base, establish whether nurse prescribing is an important intervention, and identify areas requiring further study. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Ovid Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, British Nursing Index, Cinahl, Embase, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and the NHS Economic Evaluation Database. Study selection Randomised controlled trials of nursing interventions for hypertension compared with usual care in adults. Data extraction Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, percentages reaching target blood pressure, and percentages taking antihypertensive drugs. Intervention effects were calculated as relative risks or weighted mean differences, as appropriate, and sensitivity analysis by study quality was undertaken. Data synthesis Compared with usual care, interventions that included a stepped treatment algorithm showed greater reductions in systolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference −8.2 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval −11.5 to −4.9), nurse prescribing showed greater reductions in blood pressure (systolic −8.9 mm Hg, −12.5 to −5.3 and diastolic −4.0 mm Hg, −5.3 to −2.7), telephone monitoring showed higher achievement of blood pressure targets (relative risk 1.24, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.43), and community monitoring showed greater reductions in blood pressure (weighted mean difference, systolic −4.8 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval −7.0 to −2.7 and diastolic −3.5 mm Hg, −4.5 to −2.5). Conclusions Nurse led interventions for hypertension require an algorithm to structure care. Evidence was found of improved outcomes with nurse prescribers from non-UK healthcare settings. Good quality evidence from UK primary health care is insufficient to support widespread employment of nurses in the management of hypertension within such healthcare systems.
Depressional storage for Markov-Gaussian surfaces.

Processes during rain events, such as infiltration, runoff, soil erosion, and crust formation, are influenced in part by depressional storage and surface roughness. If the surface topography is known, its potential depressional storage can be calculated. The objective of this paper was to relate the statistical parameters for quantifying surface roughness to depressional storage. Analysis of topographic data sets digitized at millimeter grids by a laser scanner showed that soil roughness can be quantified by a Markov-Gaussian (M-G) type random process. A Monte Carlo simulation procedure was used to find the mean ponding characteristics from simulated M-G surfaces. Depressional storages were found to be functions of two M-G parameters, two sample length scales, and the slope steepness. The Markov parameters are the global variance (σ2) and the correlation length scale (L), and the sample length scales are grid spacing (Δx) and side length (Ls). After proper scaling, all storage functions collapsed into two nondimensional relationships: (1) storage at zero slope as a function of relative sample length scale, and (2) storage as a function of scaled slope. When L = 0, simulated surfaces followed the random Gaussian model and the nondimensional storage was only a function of scaled slope. Storages calculated from digitized elevation data sets with M-G type statistics agreed well with results obtained from simulated surfaces.
Basic Psychoanalytic Concepts: VII. the Negative Therapeutic Reaction

The clinical concept of the negative therapeutic reaction has been included in this series for a number of reasons. It is a concept of particular importance in the history of psychoanalysis, for it represents the clinical phenomenon chosen by Freud (1923) to illustrate the workings of an ‘unconscious sense of guilt’ and to indicate the existence of what he conceived of as a special mental agency—the superego. Moreover, it is a concept widely used in clinical psychoanalysis, although little has been written on the subject since Freud's original formulation of it. Unlike such concepts as transference (Sandler, Dare and Holder, 1970) and acting out (Sandler, Holder and Dare, 1970a) it has not been extensively applied outside clinical psychoanalysis. This may be regarded as surprising in view of the fact that it would seem to be readily capable of application without alteration to a wide variety of clinical situations.
Rising Wage Inequality, Comparative Advantage, and the Growing Importance of General Skills in the United States

This study uses a model of comparative advantage to model the choice of workers into three broad occupations. The pursuit of comparative advantage is shown to reduce the level of inequality from what would occur in a random assignment of workers into occupations. However, after pricing the skills of workers separately within occupations, the results indicate that the sectors are becoming more similar in the way that they value workers' skills, thus reducing the importance of comparative advantage over time. Inequality is rising as the economy is increasingly characterized by the pursuit of absolute advantage rather than comparative advantage.
Interaction of the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Coat Protein with the Pregenomic RNA Leader

ABSTRACT Using the yeast three-hybrid system, the interaction of theCauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) pregenomic 35S RNA (pgRNA) leader with the viral coat protein, its precursor, and a series of derivatives was studied. The purine-rich domain in the center of the pgRNA leader was found to specifically interact with the coat protein. The zinc finger motif of the coat protein and the preceding basic domain were essential for this interaction. Removal of the N-terminal portion of the basic domain led to loss of specificity but did not affect the strength of the interaction. Mutations of the zinc finger motif abolished not only the interaction with the RNA but also viral infectivity. In the presence of the very acidic C-terminal domain, which is part of the preprotein but is not present in the mature CP, the interaction with the RNA was undetectable.
Interactive comment on “ Compound extremes in a changing climate-a Markov Chain approach ” by K

The authors apply an idea which was previously introduced by Mieruch et al. (2010), studying the sensitivity of Markov chain quantitative descriptors (persistence, recurrence time and Shannon entropy) for compound events (extremes of temperature and precipitation and/or EDI) with respect to: a) different European regions, b) different recent climate-normal periods of 30 years length and c) different periods comparing the present climate and a future climatic scenario. The ensemble variability of descriptors is obtained from ensemble model downscaled simulations.
A large mamenchisaurid from the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China

An articulated neck of a large, mature sauropod, with enormously elongated cervical ribs, was discovered in strata of Late Jurassic age in the eastern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. The animal is estimated to have originally measured 26 m in length, but was lightly proportioned relative to Brachiosaurus and Apatosaurus. Rudimentary spines on the anteriormost cervical vertebrae diagnose a previously undescribed species of Mamenchisaurus. Cranial parts associated with the neck do not support a close relationship with diplodocids. Mamenchisaurs apparently belong to an endemic Jurassic radiation of Asian sauropods.
Changes in Cholesterol and Triglyceride as Predictors of Ischemic Heart Disease in Men

We examined the relation of longitudinal changes in cholesterol and triglyceride to the subsequent development of heart disease. The data were from 1437 participants of the Normative Aging Study, a prospective study of men from the Boston area who were free of ischemic heart disease on two examinations approximately 5 years apart. Forty-four had symptoms or ECG findings of ischemic heart disease after their second but before their third examination, a period of 3-5 years. The risk of heart disease was studied using a multiple logistic risk model that took into account smoking and other risk factors. Changes in cholesterol and triglyceride levels between Exams I and 2, when corrected for regression to the mean, were better predictors of heart disease incurred between Exams 2 and 3 than initial levels of cholesterol, triglyceride or systolic blood pressure. When two age groups (28-52 years and 53-85 years) were considered, changes were important predictors in each age group. These findings suggest the importance of monitoring lipid changes over time.