Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kainate receptors in the rat hippocampus: a distribution and time course of changes in response to unilateral lesions of the entorhinal cortex

The response of kainate receptors to deafferentation and subsequent reinnervation following unilateral entorhinal cortex lesions was studied in the rat hippocampus using quantitative in vitro autoradiography. The binding levels of [3H]kainic acid (KA) and changes in the distribution of KA sites were investigated in the dentate gyrus molecular layer (ML) and in various terminal zones in the CA1 field at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 30, and 60 d postlesion. The data from both the ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampus were compared with those from unoperated controls. The first changes in KA receptor distribution were observed 21 d postlesion when the dense band of KA receptors occupying the inner one-third of the ML expanded into the denervated outer two- thirds of the ipsilateral ML. The spreading of the KA receptor field into previously unoccupied zones continued 30 and 60 d postlesion. At these time points, the zone enriched in [3H]KA binding sites became significantly (on average 50%) wider than in unoperated controls. No changes were observed in either the distribution or binding levels in other hippocampal areas or in the contralateral hippocampus at any studied time point. Saturation analysis of binding in the ipsilateral ML 60 d postlesion revealed changes in the maximum number of receptor sites (Bmax) without changes in KA receptor affinity (Kd). The data suggest that the elevation of the [3H]KA binding in the outer two- thirds of the ML reflects an increase in the number of both low and high affinity receptor binding sites. The pattern of KA receptor redistribution was similar to the well-characterized pattern of sprouting of commissural/associational systems from the inner one-third into the outer two-thirds of the ML after entorhinal lesions (Zimmer, 1973; Lynch et al., 1975). This supports the hypothesis (Geddes et al., 1985) that the KA receptor response observed in the present study reflects postlesion reorganization of inputs within the denervated ML and may be relevant to functional recovery of the damaged circuits.
An Interactive Decision-Making Model Based on Energy and Reserve for Electric Vehicles and Power Grid Using Generalized Stackelberg Game

This paper proposes an interactive decision-making model for the operations of electric vehicles (EVs) and power grid, in the perspective of energy and reserve. In this model, EVs optimize their energy and reserve plans considering prices set by the power grid. Meanwhile, the power grid aims to obtain the optimal energy and reserve prices for EVs, in order to maximize its benefits. Afterward, we use the generalized Stackelberg game to formulate the interactive decision-making model, and prove the existence and uniqueness of the generalized Stackelberg equilibrium. Finally, simulation results verify that the proposed interactive model can well enhance benefits of EVs while guaranteeing their quality of charging services.
A Percepção do Foco Prosódico no Português do Brasil

This Study presents a perceptive approach of the informational and contrastive prosodic focus phenomenona in Brazilian Portuguese, studying this process in relation to its prosodic category, phonological word or phonological phrase, describing the prosodic marking of focus based on the results of perceptual tests on the identification of focus type and its placement on the utterance. The corpus of 17 utterances were recorded by 4 subjects, producing the sentence “O marido da Renata derrubou suco de laranja” (Renata's husband spilled orange juice) in differentt ways, with the following focused structures: (i) the entire sentence, (ii) de laranja, (iii) suco, (iv) suco de laranja, (v) derrubou, (vi) derrubou suco de laranja, (vii) da Renata, (viii) O marido and (ix) O marido da Renata. These utterances were randomly presented in a forced choice test accomplished by 20 volunteers, which were supposed to indicate the focus type and the part of the sentence on focus. The results indicated that sentences with a larger extension of the focused structure (phonological phrase) were significantly less recognized) than the ones with a smaller focused structure (phonological word).
MaltDiver: A Transition-Based Parser Visualizer

Transition-based dependency parsers are widely used in the Natural Language Processing community but they are normally treated as black boxes, assuming that they provide the dependency parsing of a set of examples. We present MaltDiver, a tool developed to visualize the transitions performed by the transition-based parsers included in MaltParser and to show how the parsers interact with the sentences and the data structures within. During the demo session, we will run MaltDiver on several sentences and we will explain the potentialities of such a system. 1
Strategic analysis in complex networks with local externalities

In this paper, we discuss a model with local positive externalities on a complex random network that allows for wide heterogeneities among the agents. The situation can be analyzed as a game of incomplete information where each player's connectivity is her type. We focus on three paradigmatic cases in which the overall degree distribution is Poisson, exponential, and scale-free (given by a power law). For each of them, we characterize the equilibria and obtain interesting insights on the interplay between network topology and payoffs. For example, we reach the somewhat paradoxical conclusion that a broad degree distribution or/and too low a cost of effort render it difficult, if not impossible, to sustain an (efficient) high-effort configuration at equilibrium.
Evaluation of Anterior Cervical Reconstruction with Titanium Mesh Cages versus Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Polyamide66 Cages after 1- or 2-Level Corpectomy for Multilevel Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: A Retrospective Study of 117 Patients

Objective To retrospectively compare the efficacy of the titanium mesh cage (TMC) and the nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 cage (n-HA/PA66 cage) for 1- or 2-level anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) to treat multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (MCSM). Methods A total of 117 consecutive patients with MCSM who underwent 1- or 2-level ACCF using a TMC or an n-HA/PA66 cage were studied retrospectively at a mean follow-up of 45.28±12.83 months. The patients were divided into four groups according to the level of corpectomy (1- or 2-level corpectomy) and cage type used (TMC or n-HA/PA66 cage). Clinical and radiological parameters were used to evaluate outcomes. Results At the one-year follow-up, the fusion rate in the n-HA/PA66 group was higher, albeit non-significantly, than that in the TMC group for both 1- and 2-level ACCF, but the fusion rates of the procedures were almost equal at the final follow-up. The incidence of cage subsidence at the final follow-up was significantly higher in the TMC group than in the n-HA/PA66 group for the 1-level ACCF (24% vs. 4%, p = 0.01), and the difference was greater for the 2-level ACCF between the TMC group and the n-HA/PA66 group (38% vs. 5%, p = 0.01). Meanwhile, a much greater loss of fused height was observed in the TMC group compared with the n-HA/PA66 group for both the 1- and 2-level ACCF. All four groups demonstrated increases in C2-C7 Cobb angle and JOA scores and decreases in VAS at the final follow-up compared with preoperative values. Conclusion The lower incidence of cage subsidence, better maintenance of the height of the fused segment and similar excellent bony fusion indicate that the n-HA/PA66 cage may be a superior alternative to the TMC for cervical reconstruction after cervical corpectomy, in particular for 2-level ACCF.
Verbal and non-verbal elicitation techniques in the subjective assessment of spatial sound reproduction

Current research into spatial audio has shown an increasing interest in the way subjective attributes of reproduced sound are elicited from listeners. The emphasis at present is on verbal semantics, however, studies suggest that nonverbal methods of elicitation could be beneficial. Research into the relative merits of these methods has found that nonverbal responses may result in different elicited attributes compared to verbal techniques. Nonverbal responses may be closer to the perception of the stimuli than the verbal interpretation of this perception. There is evidence that drawing is not as accurate as other nonverbal methods of elicitation when it comes to reporting the localization of auditory images. However, the advantage of drawing is its ability to describe the whole auditory space rather than a single dimension.
On Reducing Broadcast Transmission Cost and Redundancy in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks Using Directional Antennas

Using directional antennas to conserve bandwidth and energy consumption in ad hoc wireless networks has attracted much attention from the research community in recent years. However, very little research has focused on applying directional antennas to broadcasting. In this paper, we propose a virtual link reduction (VLR)-based broadcasting protocol for ad hoc wireless networks using directional antennas. Based on two-hop neighborhood information, VLR relies on no location nor angle-of-arrival (AOA) information. VLR is a localized or distributed protocol, and it achieves full delivery. VLR operates on top of any existing broadcast routing protocols. In VLR, no node rebroadcasts a given packet more than once. No physical link is actually reduced, but if a packet has already been forwarded to the end node of the current link, the packet is no longer forwarded, that is, this link is virtually reduced. To evaluate the performance of the proposed VLR-based protocol, we conduct extensive simulation, for simplicity, assuming that there is no packet collision, no channel contention, and no mobility. Simulation results show that VLR outperforms most existing omnidirectional and directional broadcasting schemes in the sense that its normalized transmission cost and redundancy are significantly reduced. Based on the results, we conclude that VLR is more bandwidth and energy efficient.
On-the-fly program modification: systems for dynamic updating

Several dynamic software-based updating systems that are in the research and production stages are described. In particular, the procedure-oriented dynamic updating system (PODUS) is discussed. In PODUS, a program is updated by loading the new version of the program and replacing each old procedure with its corresponding new procedure during execution. Updating a procedure involves changing the binding from its current version to the new version. When all procedures have been replaced by their corresponding new versions, the program update is completed. <<ETX>>
Estimating soil moisture at the watershed scale with satellite-based radar and land surface models

Spatially distributed soil moisture profiles are required for watershed applications such as drought and flood prediction, crop irrigation scheduling, pest management, and determining mobility with lightweight vehicles. Satellite-based soil moisture can be obtained from passive microwave, active microwave, and optical sensors, although the coarse spatial resolution of passive microwave and the inability to obtain vertically resolved information from optical sensors limit their usefulness for watershed-scale applications. Active microwave sensors such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) currently represent the best approach for obtaining spatially distributed surface soil moisture at scales of 10–100 m for watersheds ranging from 1 000 to 25 000 km2. Although SAR provides surface soil moisture, the applications listed above require vertically resolved soil moisture profiles. To obtain distributed soil moisture profiles, a combined approach of calibration and data assimilation in soil vegetation atmosphere transfer (SVAT) models based on recent advances in soil physics is the most promising avenue of research. This review summarizes the state of the science using current satellite-based sensors to determine watershed-scale surface soil moisture distribution and the state of combining SVAT models with data assimilation and calibration approaches for the estimation of profile soil moisture. The basic conclusion of this review is that currently orbiting SAR sensors combined with available SVAT models could provide distributed profile soil moisture information with known accuracy at the watershed scale. The priority areas for future research should include image-based approaches for mapping surface roughness, determination of soil moisture in densely vegetated sites, active and passive microwave data fusion, and joint calibration and data assimilation approaches for a combined remote sensing – modeling system. For validation, a worldwide in situ soil moisture monitoring program should be implemented. Finally, to realize the full potential of satellite-based soil moisture estimation for watershed applications, it will be necessary to continue sensor development, improve image availability and timely delivery, and reduce image cost.
Impact of cumulus cloud spacing on Landsat atmospheric

A Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) image acquired over the Southern Great Plains site of Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Enhanced Shortwave Experiment II is used to study the effect of clouds on reflected radiation in clear gaps in a cumulus cloud field. A technique using the spectral information of background and clouds is applied to identify clouds. The path radiance technique is used to extract the apparent path radiance in a clear region of the cumulus cloud field. The result shows that the apparent path radiance is enhanced by nearby clouds in both band 1 (blue) and band 3 (red) of ETM+. More importantly, the magnitude of the enhancement depends on the mean cloud-free distance in the clear patches. For cloud-free distances <0.5 km the enhancement of apparent path radiance is more than 0.025 and 0.015 (reflectance units) in band 1 and band 3, respectively, which corresponds to an enhancement of apparent aerosol optical thickness of ∼0.25 and ∼0.15. Neglecting of the three-dimensional cloud effect would lead to underestimates of surface reflectance of ∼0.025 and ∼0.015 in the blue and red band, respectively, if the true aerosol optical thickness is 0.2 and the surface reflectance is 0.05. The enhancement decreases exponentially with mean cloud-free distance, reaching asymptotic values of 0.09 for band 1 and 0.027 for band 3 at a mean cloud-free distance about 2 km. The asymptotic values are slightly larger than the mean path radiances retrieved from a completely clear region: 0.086 and 0.024 for the blue and red bands, respectively.
Compact models and model standard for 2.5D and 3D integration

3D integration is an emerging interconnect technology that can enable the continuation of performance scaling and the reduction of form factors. There are various approaches for 3D integration, including system-in-package (SiP), TSV-based 3D ICs, monolithic 3D ICs, and inductance/capacitance coupling 3D ICs, among which TSV-based 3D IC is the most promising one. This paper provides a summary of previous work on electrical modelings for 3D IC, with an emphasis on two key interconnect approaches: TSVs and RDLs. Based on prior work, we describe a compact model standard to facilitate a generic modeling approach for future 3D ICs.
Symbol Synchronization for Multichannel Modulation

In this paper we analyze the jitter performance of an approximate Decision Directed (DD) Maximum Likelihood (ML) symbol synchronizer for multichannel modulation schemes employing shift orthogonal shaping pulses with overlapping spectra. The ML timing estimator is seen to use the timing information available from all the orthogonal subchannels. We derive expressions for the jitter variance of the approximate DD ML symbol synchronizer for multi-channel modulation over a baseband channel with arbitrary energy distribution in each subchannel, and for an arbitrary channel transfer function. We analytically study the eeect of the splitting sequences used to generate the multichan-nels, on the timing jitter variance, and provide criterion for selection of suitable splitting sequences.
Subspace Clustering of High Dimensional Data

Clustering suffers from the curse of dimensionality, and similarity functions that use all input features with equal relevance may not be effective. We introduce an algorithm that discovers clusters in subspaces spanned by different combinations of dimensions via local weightings of features. This approach avoids the risk of loss of information encountered in global dimensionality reduction techniques, and does not assume any data distribution model. Our method associates to each cluster a weight vector, whose values capture the relevance of features within the corresponding cluster. We experimentally demonstrate the gain in perfomance our method achieves, using both synthetic and real data sets. In particular, our results show the feasibility of the proposed technique to perform simultaneous clustering of genes and conditions in microarray data.
Using Event Logs to Derive Role Engineering Artifacts

Process-aware information systems are used to execute business processes to reach the operational goals of an organization. In this context, access control policies are defined to govern the choice in behavior of such systems. In a role engineering process these access control policies can be defined and customized. This paper introduces a new automated approach to derive access control policies from event logs. For this purpose, the two standard formats for event logs called MXML and XES are used. The event logs can be extracted from processaware information systems and serve as basis for the derivation of role-based access control artifacts. It is demonstrated how this derivation can ease certain steps in the scenario-driven role engineering process, that are otherwise time-consuming and can get tedious if conducted manually. Keywords-Role Engineering; RBAC; Process-aware Information Systems
Creating 3D virtual sculptures from vision and touch technologies

One of the lacks of the current conventional 3D sensor devices is that they are unable to carry out an efficient fusion between overlapped samples and generate complete and realistic reconstruction of an object (Figure 1). The completeness concerns both geometry and colour aspects (G+C). Consequently, obtaining whole (G+C) and precise registration of multiple views of an art piece is an unsolved and important problem which is required in museums and archaeological environments. In this paper we present a computer-human interactive system based on vision and touching technologies that allows us to obtain realistic 3D sculpture models. Following a global-to-local mixture strategy, millions of points with their respective colours, taken by a laser-scanner sensor, are integrated into a unique 3D model. After that, this model can be refined by a sculptor using a force-feedback device in which he can change geometrical, texture and colour properties. The final result is a high-quality restored virtual 3D model which can be exposed in museums or demanded by art researchers. An extensive experimentation is being carrying out on millennium sculptures and pieces of the Spanish National Museum of Roman Art yielding excellent results.
ViewModel Visualization Tool

This article proposes a tool for generating a universal view for ViewModel from Model–View–ViewModel software architectural pattern. In software development processes, it sometimes happens that developers spend a lot of time preparing mockup views for themselves or for quality assurance purposes to provide an option to test implemented features. These mockups are later replaced by a final user interface, so the time spent preparing them is wasted. The aim of this work is to create a tool which will help software engineers to present and test their codes without additional effort.
A Unified Model of Distress Risk Puzzles

We build a dynamic model to link two empirical patterns:\ the negative failure probability-return relation (Campbell, Hilscher, and Szilagyi, 2008) and the positive distress risk premium-return relation (Friewald, Wagner, and Zechner, 2014). We show analytically and quantitatively that (i) equity-to-debt ratios and levered equity betas negatively covary with the market risk premium in distressed firms; (ii) negative covariance generates low stock returns and negative alphas among those firms; and (iii) firms with a lower distress risk premium endogenously choose higher leverage, so they are more likely to become distressed and earn negative returns. Finally, empirical evidence supports our model predictions.
Video smoke recognition based on optical flow

A novel video smoke recognition method based on optical flow is presented. The result of optical flow is assumed to be an approximation of motion field. The method is proposed as following, first, moving pixels and regions in the video are determined by a background estimation method. Then, a pyramidal implementation of the Lucas Kanade feature tracker is proposed to calculate the optical flow of regions determined by the first step. And the average and variance of the corner points' optical velocity are calculated which we call optical flow features and use to differentiate smoke from some other moving objects. Finally, examples consisting of features extracted from sequences of off-line videos are collected for the training of a discriminating model. A prototype of back-propagation neural networks is introduced for the discriminating model. Experiments show that the algorithm is significant for improving the accuracy of fire smoke detection and reducing false alarms.
Parasitological analyses of the male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda

Numerous intestinal parasites identified in populations of wild nonhuman primates can be pathogenic to humans. Furthermore, nonhuman primates are susceptible to a variety of human pathogens. Because of increasing human encroachment into previously nonimpacted forests, and the potential for disease transmission between human and nonhuman primate populations, further detailed investigations of primate ecological parasitology are warranted. For meaningful comparisons to be made, it is important for methods to be standardized across study sites. One aspect of methodological standardization is providing reliable estimates of parasite prevalence and knowing how many samples are needed to adequately estimate an individual's parasite prevalence. In this study the parasitic fauna of 37 adult, adolescent, and juvenile male chimpanzees from the Ngogo group, Kibale National Park, Uganda, were assessed from 121 fecal samples collected over a 3‐month period. Twelve taxa of intestinal species (five helminth and seven protozoan) were recovered from the samples. The four most prevalent species were Troglodytella abrassarti (97.3%), Oesophagostomum sp. (81.1%), Strongyloides sp. (83.8%), and Entamoeba chattoni (70.3%). No one species was found in all samples from any one animal, and Troglodytella abrassarti, the most common intestinal organism, was found in all of the serial samples of only 69.4% of the chimpanzees. The cumulative species richness for individuals significantly increased for every sequential sample (up to three to four samples) taken per animal during this study. The results indicate that to accurately diagnose total intestinal infection and evaluate group prevalence, three to four sequential samples from each individual must be collected on nonconsecutive days. This conclusion applies only to short study periods in which possible seasonal effects are not taken into consideration. Validation of these results at different study sites in different regions with different climatic patterns is needed. Am. J. Primatol. 65:167–179, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.