Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis Has a Prolonged Role in the Neurodegeneration after Hypoxic Ischemia in the Newborn Rat

Birth asphyxia can cause moderate to severe brain injury. It is unclear to what degree apoptotic or necrotic mechanisms of cell death account for damage after neonatal hypoxia–ischemia (HI). In a 7-d-old rat HI model, we determined the contributions of apoptosis and necrosis to neuronal injury in adjacent Nissl-stained, hematoxylin and eosin-stained, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated UTP nick end-labeled sections. We found an apoptotic–necrotic continuum in the morphology of injured neurons in all regions examined. Eosinophilic necrotic neurons, typical in adult models, were rarely observed in neonatal HI. Electron microscopic analysis showed “classic” apoptotic and necrotic neurons and “hybrid” cells with intermediate characteristics. The time course of apoptotic injury varied regionally. In CA3, dentate gyrus, medial habenula, and laterodorsal thalamus, the density of apoptotic cells was highest at 24–72 hr after HI and then declined. In contrast, densities remained elevated from 12 hr to 7 d after HI in most cortical areas and in the basal ganglia. Temporal and regional patterns of neuronal death were compared with expression of caspase-3, a cysteine protease involved in the execution phase of apoptosis. Immunocytochemical and Western blot analyses showed increased caspase-3 expression in damaged hemispheres 24 hr to 7 d after HI. A p17 peptide fragment, which results from the proteolytic activation of the caspase-3 precursor, was detected in hippocampus, thalamus, and striatum but not in cerebral cortex. The continued expression of activated caspase-3 and the persistence of cells with an apoptotic morphology for days after HI suggests a prolonged role for apoptosis in neonatal hypoxic ischemic brain injury.
Les interactions sur l'Internet

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Gliomes de bas grade et fonctions exécutives verbales et non verbales : évaluation pré- et postopératoire

Les patients porteurs de gliome de bas grade ont tres peu de troubles cognitifs apparents. Le but de notre etude est d'analyser, chez 21 patients compares a 86 sujets controles, le fonctionnement executif en lien avec la composante verbale ou non-verbale de la tâche. Notre protocole comprend 8 tâches. Les resultats montrent dans le groupe des patients un deficit des FE, majore par la composante verbale de la tâche. Ils mettent egalement en evidence l'heterogeneite des profils individuels au niveau des deficits et de la recuperation postoperatoire.
Study on hydraulic vulnerability and risk assessment of water distribution system

The factors that impacted hydraulic vulnerability of water distribution system are discussed, and a quantitative hydraulic vulnerability and risk assessment model is presented in this paper. In this model, EPANET is employed as the hydraulic solver of water networks and Monte-Carlo stochastic simulation is incorporated for randomly generating failure scenarios of both pipes and water plants. Finally, the proposed methodology is used to carry out vulnerability and risk assessment in a real-life water distribution system of a high-tech zone in North China. The results show the high efficiency of the model. The research could provide a theoretical basis to the water supply enterprises and help them to identify the vulnerable area, evaluate risk of the consumers and develop specific plan for risk reduction.
Introduction: ways of thinking about human emotions

This symposium sets out a number of different theoretical perspectives which provide frameworks for thinking about emotions, and undertaking research on them. At a time when emotions have come more to the fore in the human sciences than previously, it seems a good idea to look at what resources there are for understanding them. Those whose work is more practical than theoretical – who make use of emotional understanding, in educational, therapeutic, or organisational settings – or who enable these capacities for emotional insight to be learned in professional training programmes in fields such as psychotherapy and counselling may also find a clarification of theoretical foundations useful. Having a sense of the ‘knowledge-base’ on which these fields of practice can draw should contribute to the development and sustaining of good practice in those professions to which ‘emotional labour’ is central. It is in fact from a community of interest in ‘emotional labour’ that the work represented in this symposium has in part arisen. The concept of emotional labour derives in the first instance from the writing of Arlie Russell Hochschild, a sociologist whose book The Managed Heart (1983) was the pioneer study in this field. She recognised that in the new economy of services and consumption, relying increasingly on women workers as it did, ‘labour’ was increasingly directed to the production and management of ‘feelings’ among customers and clients of many kinds, and not just to the production of material commodities. The occupations she took as her main objects of study were the ‘new’ occupation of flight attendant, and the much ‘older’ one of debt collector. The study of both, however, revealed the extent to which the management of feelings by employees, to achieve a specified effect on their clients was central to the organisation and management of these forms of work. Making passengers feel good about their flights was an important commercial objective for airline companies, and Hochschild Eur. J. of Psychotherapy, Counselling & Health Vol 5 No 3 September 2002 pp. 197–203
A Cost-Effective Atomic Force Microscope for Undergraduate Control Laboratories

This paper presents a simple, cost-effective and robust atomic force microscope (AFM), which has been purposely designed and built for use as a teaching aid in undergraduate controls labs. The guiding design principle is to have all components be open and visible to the students, so the inner functioning of the microscope has been made clear to see. All of the parts but one are off the shelf, and assembly time is generally less than two days, which makes the microscope a robust instrument that is readily handled by the students with little chance of damage. While the scanning resolution is nowhere near that of a commercial instrument, it is more than sufficient to take interesting scans of micrometer-scale objects. A survey of students after their having used the AFM resulted in a generally good response, with 80% agreeing that they had a positive learning experience.
Interactive Room Support for Complex and Distributed Design Projects

We are investigating the design of digital 3D interaction technology embedded in a physical environment. We take as point of departure complex, collaborative industrial design projects involving heterogeneous sets of documents, and physical as well as digital 3D models. The paper introduces our notion of interactive room technology supporting industrial design and describes two examples of this technology: the Designers’ Workbench and the 3D Whiteboard, both integrated in a common distributed and collaborative infrastructure. The paper also describes a number of new easy-to-grab and lightweight interaction devices being experimented with in the interactive room environment. The interactive room technologies have all been designed with the requirement that they must seamlessly integrate both into the physical and into the digital work environment, while providing new affordances for industrial design work.
Olanzapine Versus Haloperidol Treatment in First-Episode Psychosis

OBJECTIVE: It has been hypothesized that the morbidity and mortality associated with schizophrenia can be prevented by providing effective treatment during the first episode of psychosis. Hence, the authors examined patients with first-episode psychosis to determine the efficacy and safety of olanzapine and haloperidol treatment. METHOD: A subpopulation of first-episode patients (N=83) from a large prospective, multicenter, international, double-blind, 6-week acute treatment study was evaluated. These patients were selected from a pool of 1,996 patients who had a DSM-III-R diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or schizophreniform disorder and who also met the following criteria: 1) the length of their current psychotic episode had to be 5 or fewer years, and 2) patients had to be 45 years of age or younger at onset of first psychotic symptoms. RESULTS: Compared to haloperidol, olanzapine showed a statistically significantly greater reduction in the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) tot.
Low‐frequency positive‐pressure ventilation with extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal

Successful use of a new technique, low-frequency positive-pressure ventilation with extracorporeal CO2 removal (LFPPV-ECCR) is presented. The association of fulminant respiratory failure with CNS hemangio-blastoma, described in the present patient, has been reported only once before, in 1928. (Crit Care Med 1990; 18:218)
Long-term safety of ketoprofen in an elderly population of arthritic patients.

A total of 823 patients (620 women and 203 men) aged greater than or equal to 65 years (mean age: 72 years) with osteoarthritis (n = 642) or rheumatoid arthritis (n = 181) were enrolled in an international prospective study designed to assess the safety profile of ketoprofen, a propionic acid derivative, over a 12-month treatment period. The patients received a 200-mg, sustained-release tablet of ketoprofen once daily. At the end of the study, 521 patients (63.3%) remained on the drug regimen, whereas 302 patients (36.7%) had withdrawn from treatment for various reasons, including adverse reactions, inefficacy and improvement, or had been lost to follow-up. A total of 314 patients (38.2%) experienced at least one adverse event during the study. Most side effects involved the digestive system (232 patients [28.2%]), the central nervous system (33 patients [4.0%]) or the cardiovascular system (26 patients [3.2%]). Fourteen patients (1.7%) experienced gastrointestinal adverse events (e.g., ulceration and bleeding). Most of these events occurred during the first 3 months of the study. Thus, it may be concluded that sustained-release ketoprofen, 200 mg once daily, is safe for the long-term treatment of elderly arthritic patients.
Challenging the Role of Microtubules in Tobacco Mosaic Virus Movement by Drug Treatments Is Disputable

ABSTRACT The movement protein (MP) of Tobacco mosaic virus interacts with microtubules during infection. Although this interaction is correlated with the function of MP in the cell-to-cell transport of viral RNA, a direct role of microtubules in the movement process was recently challenged by studies involving the treatment of plants with inhibitors of microtubule polymerization. Here, we report evidence suggesting that such treatments may not efficiently disrupt all microtubules. Thus, results obtained from studies using microtubule inhibitors may have to remain open to interpretation with regard to the involvement of microtubules in viral RNA trafficking.
The perceived quality of working life and job facet satisfaction

To improve our understanding of the influence of the domains of the quality of working life on job satisfaction, recent research suggests that job facet satisfaction may be more strongly related to specific job domains than to overall job satisfaction. This study examined the relationships between job facet satisfaction, in eleven specific job facets, overall satisfaction and the perceived quality of working life. The results supported the hypothesis. Similar results were obtained after factor analysing the specific job facets indicating the use of studying specific job domains and their respective job facet satisfactions. Opsomming Ter uitbreiding van ons begrip van watter uitwerking die domeine van die gehalte van werklewe op werkbevrediging het, dui onlangse navorsing daarop dat werkfasetbevrediging moontlik 'n sterker verband met spesifieke werkdomeine as met algemene werkbevrediging toon. In hierdie studie is die verhouding tussen werkfasetbevrediging t.o. v. elf spesifieke werkfasette, algehele bevrediging en die waargenome gehalte van werklewe ondersoek. Die bevindinge ondersteun die gestelde hipotese. Soortgelyke resultate is verkry na faktoranalise van die spesifieke werkfasette, wat daarop dui dat dit nuttig kan wees om spesifieke werkdomeine en die ooreenstemmende werkfasetbevrediging daaraan verbonde te bestudeer.
European constitutionalism and the European arrest warrant: In search of the limits of contrapunctual principles

*Somerville College, Oxford. This is an updated and substantively revised version of my earlier article, “European Constitutional Pluralism and the European Arrest Warrant: Contrapunctual Principles in Disharmony”, Jean Monnet Working Paper 10/05, available at www.jeanmonnetprogram. org/papers/05/051001.html. I am grateful to participants of the WISH 2005 conference for their comments on a yet earlier draft of this article, particularly to F. Snyder. I further thank A. Hinarejos Parga, D. Leczykiewicz, P. Craig, S. Weatherill and other participants of the Oxford EC Law Discussion Group held on 27 Oct. 2006 as well as M. Poiares Maduro, M. Kumm, Z. Kühn, N. Barber and M. Bobek, who provided me with further stimulating comments and discussions at various stages of writing. All faults remain of course mine. Comments are welcome at jankomarek@centrum.cz. 1. Council Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA of 13 June 2002 on the European arrest warrant and the surrender procedures between Member States, O.J. 2002, L 190/1. 2. See generally Walker, “In search of the area of freedom, security and justice: A constitutional odyssey” in Walker (Ed.), Europe’s Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (Oxford, 2004). 3. Polish Constitutional Tribunal, judgment of 27 April 2005, P 1/05, available in English at www.trybunal. gov.pl/eng/summaries/summaries_assets/documents/P_1_05_full_GB. pdf; German Federal Constitutional Court, judgment of 18 July 2005, 2 BvR 2236/04, available in English at: www.bundesverfassungsgericht. de/en/decisions/rs20050718_2bvr223604en. html; Supreme Court of Cyprus, judgment of 7 Nov. 2005, Ar. No. 294/2005. The decision in Greek with a short English summary is available as a Council document No 14281/05 of 11 Nov. 2005. For short information on it, see Mitsilegas, “The constitutional implications of mutual recognition in criminal matters in the EU”, 43 CML Rev. (2006) 1277, at 1298. ommon Market Law Review 44: 9–40, 2007. © 2007 Kluwer Law International. Printed in the Netherlands.
An Innovative Approach to Impact Evaluation of Energy Management System Incentive Programs

Two utility programs in New England provide incentives to encourage installation of energy management systems in non-residential buildings. An unusual approach was taken to evaluate effectiveness of these programs. With the objective of making the DSM effort more credible, the utility and the primary public interest advocate worked as a team to conduct technical analyses underpinning the evaluation. Evaluation credibility was enhanced by embracing very rigorous analytical methods and by providing the public interest advocate equal participation in development of the work plan, and review and endorsement of interim and final results.
Deptor Knockdown Enhances mTOR Activity and Protein Synthesis in Myocytes and Ameliorates Disuse Muscle Atrophy

Deptor is an mTOR binding protein that affects cell metabolism. We hypothesized that knockdown (KD) of Deptor in C2C12 myocytes will increase protein synthesis via stimulating mTOR-S6K1 signaling. Deptor KD was achieved using lentiviral particles containing short hairpin (sh)RNA targeting the mouse Deptor mRNA sequence, and control cells were transfected with a scrambled control shRNA. KD reduced Deptor mRNA and protein content by 90%, which increased phosphorylation of mTOR kinase substrates, 4E-BP1 and S6K1, and concomitantly increased protein synthesis. Deptor KD myoblasts were both larger in diameter and exhibited an increased mean cell volume. Deptor KD increased the percentage of cells in the S phase, coincident with an increased phosphorylation (S807/S811) of retinoblastoma protein (pRb) that is critical for the G1 to S phase transition. Deptor KD did not appear to alter basal apoptosis or autophagy, as evidenced by the lack of change for cleaved caspase-3 and light chain (LC)3B, respectively. Deptor KD increased proliferation rate and enhanced myotube formation. Finally, in vivo Deptor KD (∼50% reduction) by electroporation into gastrocnemius of C57/BL6 mice did not alter weight or protein synthesis in control muscle. However, Deptor KD prevented atrophy produced by 3 d of hindlimb immobilization, at least in part by increasing protein synthesis. Thus, our data support the hypothesis that Deptor is an important regulator of protein metabolism in myocytes and demonstrate that decreasing Deptor expression in vivo is sufficient to ameliorate muscle atrophy.
Inhibition of MUC4 Expression Suppresses Pancreatic Tumor Cell Growth and Metastasis

The MUC4 mucin is a high molecular weight membrane-bound glycoprotein. It is aberrantly expressed in pancreatic tumors and tumor cell lines with no detectable expression in the normal pancreas. A progressive increase of MUC4 expression has also been observed in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, suggesting its association with disease development. Here, we investigated the consequences of silencing MUC4 expression in an aggressive and highly metastatic pancreatic tumor cell line CD18/HPAF that expresses high levels of MUC4. The expression of MUC4 was down-regulated by the stable integration of a plasmid-construct expressing antisense-MUC4 RNA. A decrease in MUC4 expression, confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses, resulted in diminished growth and clonogenic ability of antisense-MUC4-transfected (EIAS19) cells compared with parental, empty vector (ZEO) and sense transfected (ES6) control cells. In addition, EIAS19 cells displayed a significant decrease in tumor growth and metastatic properties when transplanted orthotopically into the immunodeficient mice. In vitro biological assays for motility, adhesion, and aggregation demonstrated a 3-fold decrease in motility of EIAS19 cells compared with control cells, whereas these cells adhered more and showed an increase in cellular aggregation. Interestingly, MUC4 down-regulation also correlated with the reduced expression of its putative interacting partner, HER2/neu, in antisense-MUC4-transfected cells. In conclusion, the present work demonstrates, for the first time, a direct association of the MUC4 mucin with the metastatic pancreatic cancer phenotype and provides experimental evidence for a functional role of MUC4 in altered growth and behavioral properties of the tumor cell.
Parameter identification in Choquet Integral by the Kullback-Leibler divergence on continuous densities with application to classification fusion

Classifier fusion is a means to increase accuracy and decision-making of classification systems by designing a set of basis classifiers and then combining their outputs. The combination is made up by non linear functional dependent on fuzzy measures called Choquet integral. It constitues a vast family of aggregation operators including minimum, maximum or weighted sum. The main issue before applying the Choquet integral is to identify the 2 M 2 parameters for M classifiers. We follow a previous work by Kojadinovic and one of the authors where the identification is performed using an informationtheoritic approach. The underlying probability densities are made smooth by fitting continuous parametric and then the Kullback-Leibler divergence is used to identify fuzzy measures. The proposed framework is applied on widely used datasets.
Acupuncture as Treatment of Hot Flashes and the Possible Role of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide

The mechanisms behind hot flashes in menopausal women are not fully understood. The flashes in women are probably preceded by and actually initiated by a sudden downward shift in the set point for the core body temperature in the thermoregulatory center that is affected by sex steroids, β-endorphins, and other central neurotransmitters. Treatments that influence these factors may be expected to reduce hot flashes. Since therapy with sex steroids for hot flashes has appeared to cause a number of side effects and risks and women with hot flashes and breast cancer as well as men with prostate cancer and hot flashes are prevented from sex steroid therapy there is a great need for alternative therapies. Acupuncture affecting the opioid system has been suggested as an alternative treatment option for hot flashes in menopausal women and castrated men. The heat loss during hot flashes may be mediated by the potent vasodilator and sweat gland activator calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) the concentration of which increases in plasma during flashes in menopausal women and, according to one study, in castrated men with flushes. There is also evidence for connections between the opioid system and the release of CGRP. In this paper we discuss acupuncture as a treatment alternative for hot flashes and the role of CGRP in this context.
Heuristic Refinements of Approximate Linear Programming for Factored Continuous-State Markov Decision Processes

Approximate linear programming (ALP) offers a promising framework for solving large factored Markov decision processes (MDPs) with both discrete and continuous states. Successful application of the approach depends on the choice of an appropriate set of feature functions defining the value function, and efficient methods for generating constraints that determine the convex space of the solution. The application of the ALP in continuous state-space settings poses an additional challenge – the number of constraints defining the problem is infinite. The objective of this work is to explore various heuristics for selecting a finite subset of constraints defining a good solution policy and for searching the space of such constraints more efficiently. The heuristics that we developed rely upon: (1) the structure of the factored model and (2) stochastic state simulations to generate an appropriate set of constraints. The improvements resulting from such heuristics are illustrated on three large factored MDP problems with continuous states.
Europe in crisis? Testing the stability and explanatory factors of the Europeanization of national public spheres

Presenting new data for a large-scale longitudinal content analysis of newspapers in six European countries between 1982 and 2008, the article explores what has previously been described as the process of ‘segmented Europeanization’ of national public spheres. Expanding on the theoretical concept of political discourse cultures, the article tests the explanatory power of national and editorial political discourse cultures on the degree of Europeanization of national public spheres. The analysis reveals the persistent stability of the pattern of ‘segmented Europeanization’ in which national public spheres increase their monitoring of Brussels but not their efforts to connect with other European countries. Still, the revealed national differences pale compared to the transnational gulf existing between quality and tabloid newspapers which may ultimately represent a far greater threat to the legitimacy of the European Union than the persistent lack of discursive exchange among the European community of nations.