Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Power Management Using One Cycle Control Strategy for Triple Input Single Output Fly Back DC–DC Converter

Abstract Traditional multi-input converters have simpler configuration, but they have some disadvantages like multiple primary winding, high voltage stresses across the switches and also transfer of energy to the load occurs only from anyone of the input sources. This article proposes an isolated converter with reduced number of primary winding, and the load can be supplied by the sources either individually or simultaneously. The main objective of this work is to inject power into the grid using a three input single output Fly back DC–DC converter with closed loop control using one cycle controller (OCC) and PI controller. For power management, the inductor current is measured and the duty ratios of respective sources are controlled in such a manner that the average current flowing through the switch is proportional to power delivered by respective sources. In order to maintain the output voltage to be constant, the duty ratio of any one source is to be controlled by using outer voltage controller and inner current controller. Here, the duty ratios of first two sources are controlled by current mode control using OCC and the duty ratio of third source is controlled by using voltage controller with inner OCC current control. Since OCC is a nonlinear technique, only one PI controller is needed by the system. The system has only two sensors, one for measuring the output voltage and one for measuring the inductor current.
DUST IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI: ANOMALOUS SILICATE TO OPTICAL EXTINCTION RATIOS?

Dust plays a central role in the unification theory of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). However, little is known about the nature (e.g., size, composition) of the dust that forms a torus around the AGN. In this Letter, we report a systematic exploration of the optical extinction (AV) and the silicate absorption optical depth (Δτ9.7) of 110 type 2 AGNs. We derive AV from the Balmer decrement based on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data, and Δτ9. 7 from the Spitzer/InfraRed Spectrograph data. We find that with a mean ratio of 〈AV/Δτ9. 7〉 ≲ 5.5, the optical-to-silicate extinction ratios of these AGNs are substantially lower than that of the Galactic diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) for which AV/Δτ9. 7 ≈ 18.5. We argue that the anomalously low AV/Δτ9. 7 ratio could be due to the predominance of larger grains in the AGN torus compared to that in the Galactic diffuse ISM.
Generalized virial theorem for massless electrons in graphene and other Dirac materials

The virial theorem for a system of interacting electrons in a crystal, which is described within the framework of the tight-binding model, is derived. We show that, in particular case of interacting massless electrons in graphene and other Dirac materials, the conventional virial theorem is violated. Starting from the tight-binding model, we derive the generalized virial theorem for Dirac electron systems, which contains an additional term associated with a momentum cutoff at the bottom of the energy band. Additionally, we derive the generalized virial theorem within the Dirac model using the minimization of the variational energy. The obtained theorem is illustrated by many-body calculations of the ground state energy of an electron gas in graphene carried out in Hartree-Fock and self-consistent random-phase approximations. Experimental verification of the theorem in the case of graphene is discussed.
The spiral structure of our Milky Way

Abstract The spiral structure of our Milky Way has not yet been well outlined. HII regions, giant molecular clouds (GMCs) and 6.7-GHz methanol masers are primary tracers for spiral arms. We collect and update the database of these tracers which has been used in Hou et al. (2009) for the spiral arms. The new database consists of ∼ 2000 HII regions, ∼ 1300 GMCs and ∼ 800 methanol masers (6.7 GHz). If the photometric or trigonometric distance for any tracer is available from the literature, we will adopt it. Otherwise, we have to use the kinematic distance. We modify the VLSR according to the newly determined solar motions (U0 = 10.27 km s−1, V0 = 15.32 km s−1 and W0 = 7.74 km s−1, Schönrich et al. 2010), then calculate the kinematic distances with a flat rotation curve (R0 = 8.3 kpc, θ0 = 239 km s−1, Brunthaler et al. 2011). Very important step is that we weight tracers according to the excitation parameters of HII regions or the masses of GMCs, and a constant weight for masers. All three kinds of tracers are used together to outline the spiral structure (Fig. 1). A contour and gray map is constructed after we made a Gaussian extension for the tracers with the amplitude of weighting parameter.
Shortcut to adiabaticity in internal bosonic Josephson junctions

We extend a recent method to shortcut the adiabatic following to internal bosonic Josephson junctions in which the control parameter is the linear coupling between the modes. The approach is based on the mapping between the two-site Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian and a 1D effective Schr\"odinger-like equation, valid in the large $N$ (number of particles) limit. Our method can be readily implemented in current internal bosonic Josephson junctions and it improves substantially the production of spin-squeezing with respect to usually employed linear rampings.
Curious iLQR: Resolving Uncertainty in Model-based RL

Curiosity as a means to explore during reinforcement learning problems has recently become very popular. However, very little progress has been made in utilizing curiosity for learning control. In this work, we propose a model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) framework that combines Bayesian modeling of the system dynamics with curious iLQR, an iterative LQR approach that considers model uncertainty. During trajectory optimization the curious iLQR attempts to minimize both the task-dependent cost and the uncertainty in the dynamics model. We demonstrate the approach on reaching tasks with 7-DoF manipulators in simulation and on a real robot. Our experiments show that MBRL with curious iLQR reaches desired end-effector targets more reliably and with less system rollouts when learning a new task from scratch, and that the learned model generalizes better to new reaching tasks.
Palynological Evidence of Late Pleistocene Soft‐sediment Deformation Event in the Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau

The northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is the youngest part of the Tibetan Plateau where tectonic activity is intense and climate change is complex. In this study, combined with field investigations, we explored accelerator mass spectrometry 14C and optically stimulated luminescence dating and palynological analysis of the sedimentary sequence in the Qingshuihe Basin to explain the origin of soft‐sediment deformation layer. Dating and palynological results from the Sanchahe section in the basin revealed a detailed history of vegetation variation and associated climate change from ∼18 to ∼5 ka BP. The results indicate that the permafrost developed at ∼18–11.7 ka BP, and the soft‐sediment deformation structures formed at ∼11.7–5 ka BP. Together with the characteristics of the deformation (meter‐scale, continuous symmetrical wave) and paleoclimate, we suggest that the soft‐sediment deformation layer in the late Pleistocene was cryoturbated under climatic conditions. The discovery of a series of cryoturbations in the Qingshuihe Basin has further enriched the regional distribution of periglacial phenomena in the west of the Ordos Plateau, expanded the distribution range of periglacial phenomena, and provided evidence for exploring the temporal and spatial changes in permafrost in northern China at the end of the late Pleistocene.
A Superdimensional Dual-covariant Field Theory

An approach to a Unified Field Theory (UFT) is developed as an attempt to establish unification of the Theory of Quantum Fields (QFT) and General Theory of Relativity (GTR) on the background of a covariant differential calculus. A dual State Vector field (DSV)consisting of covariant and contravariant N-component functions of variables of a N-dimensional unified manifod (UM)is introduced to represents matter. DSV is supposed to transform in a way distinct from that of the differentials of the UM variables. Consequently, the hybrid tensors and a hybrid affine tensor (Dynamic Connection, DC) are introduced. The hybrid curvature form (HCF) is introduced as a covariant derivative of DC. A system of covariant Euler-Lagrange (EL) equations for DSV, DC, and a twin couple of the triadic hybrid tensors (Split Metric, SM)is derived. A scalar Lagrangian form is composed based on a set of principles suited for UFT, including the homogeneity in the UM space, differential irreducibility and scale invariance. The type of the manifold geometry is not specified in advance, in neither local (signature) nor regional (topology) aspects. Equations for DSV play role of the Schroedinger-Dirac equation in space of UM. By the correspondent EL equations, DC and SM are connected to DSV and become responsible for the non-linear features of the system i.e. interactions. In this paper we mark breaking of a background paradigm of the modern QFT, the superposition principle. The issue of the UM-MF dimensionality will be addressed, and relations to the principles and methodology of QFT and GTR will be discussed.
Prospects for the ensemble asteroseismology in young open clusters

This is a progress report on the ongoing project dealing with ensemble asteroseismology of B-type stars in young open clusters. The project is aimed at searches for B-type pulsating stars in open clusters, determination of atmospheric parameters for some members and seismic modeling of B-type pulsators. Some results for NGC 457, IC 1805, IC 4996, NGC 6910 and alpha Per open clusters are presented. For the last cluster, BRITE data for five members were used.
On the classifying problem for the class of real solvable Lie algebras having 2-dimensional or 2-codimensional derived ideal

Let $\mathrm{Lie} \left(n, k\right)$ denote the class of all $n$-dimensional real solvable Lie algebras having $k$-dimensional derived ideal ($1 \leqslant k \leqslant n-1$). In 1993, the class $\mathrm{Lie} \left(n, 1\right)$ was completely classified by Sch\"obel \cite{Sch93}. In 2016, Vu A. Le et al. \cite{VHTHT16} considered the class $\mathrm{Lie} \left(n, n-1\right)$ and classified its subclass containing all the algebras having 1-codimensional commutative derived ideal. One subclass in {\Li} was firstly considered and incompletely classified by Sch\"obel \cite{Sch93} in 1993. Later, Janisse also gave an incomplete classification of {\Li} and published as a scientific report \cite{Jan10} in 2010. In this paper, we set up a new approach to study the classifying problem of classes {\Li} as well as {\li} and present the new complete classification of {\Li} in the combination with the well-known Eberlein's result of 2-step nilpotent Lie algebras from \cite[p.\,37--72]{Ebe03}. The paper will also classify a subclass of {\li} and will point out missings in Sch\"obel \cite{Sch93}, Janisse \cite{Jan10}, Mubarakzyanov \cite{Mub63a} as well as revise an error of Morozov \cite{Mor58}.
The number of cycles in a random permutation and the number of segregating sites jointly converge to the Brownian sheet

Consider a random permutation of $\{1, \ldots, \lfloor n^{t_2}\rfloor\}$ drawn according to the Ewens measure with parameter $t_1$ and let $K(n, t)$ denote the number of its cycles, where $t\equiv (t_1, t_2)\in\mathbb [0, 1]^2$. Next, consider a sample drawn from a large, neutral population of haploid individuals subject to mutation under the infinitely many sites model of Kimura whose genealogy is governed by Kingman's coalescent. Let $S(n, t)$ count the number of segregating sites in a sample of size $\lfloor n^{t_2}\rfloor$ when mutations arrive at rate $t_1/2$. Our main result is a coupling of the above two models such that one has weak convergence of processes, \begin{align*} \left\{\frac{(K(n, s), S(n, t))-(s_1s_2, t_1t_2)\log n}{\sqrt{\log n}}, s, t\in [0, 1]^2\right\}\to\{(\mathscr B(s), \mathscr B(t)), s, t\in [0, 1]^2\}, \end{align*} as $n\to\infty,$ where $\mathscr B$ is a one-dimensional Brownian sheet. This generalises and unifies a number of well-known results.
On the necessity of a new interpretation of the stellar light curves

Abstract The power of asteroseismology relies on the ability to infer the stellar structure from the unambiguous frequency identification of the corresponding pulsation mode. Hence, the use of a Fourier transform is in the basis of asteroseismic studies. Nevertheless, the difficulties with the interpretation of the frequencies found in many stars lead us to reconsider whether Fourier analysis is the most appropriate technique to identify pulsation modes. We have found that the data, usually analyzed using Fourier techniques, present a non-analyticity originating from the lack of connectivity of the underlying function describing the physical phenomena. Therefore, the conditions for the Fourier series to converge are not fulfilled. In the light of these results, we examine in this talk some stellar light curves from different asteroseismology space missions (CoRoT, Kepler and SoHO) in which the interpretation of the data in terms of Fourier frequencies becomes difficult. We emphasize the necessity of a new interpretation of the stellar light curves in order to identify the correct frequencies of the pulsation modes.
Gastrointestinal tract disease recognition based on denoising capsule network

Abstract Today, cancer is one of the leading causes of death in humans in the world. Cancers affect different parts of the human anatomy in different ways. There are significantly more deaths associated with gastrointestinal cancers such as colorectal cancer than with all other cancers. With computer-aided diagnosis systems, medical practitioners can recognize a variety of illnesses more quickly than with manual procedures. It is possible to reduce mortality significantly by detecting and removing precancerous lesions early. Due to the time-consuming and challenging nature of manual diagnosis, researchers have developed computational algorithms that are used to identify and classify diseases such as gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Computer-aided diagnosis relies heavily on the classification of medical images, which is a challenging task. Therefore, this study presents a less sophisticated but still effective pre-processing technique for identifying endoscopic images known as denoising capsule networks (Dn-CapsNets). Moreover, we constructed activation maps (AM) using the feature representations to visualize the results. As a result of these evaluations, the trained model achieved 94.16%, 83.1%, 86.7%, 96.1%, 86.6%, and +0.69 respectively in terms of accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, and Matthew’s correlation. Comparisons between the proposed method and the current state-of-the-art have shown improved accuracy.
A Steady-state Supersonic Downflow in the Transition Region above a Sunspot Umbra

We investigate a small-scale ($\approx$ 1.5 Mm along the slit), supersonic downflow of about 90 km s$^{-1}$ in the transition region above the light-bridged sunspot umbra in AR 11836. The observations were obtained with the Interface Region Spectrograph (IRIS) on 2013 September 2, from 16:40 to 17:59 UT. The downflow shows up as red-shifted "satellite" lines of the Si IV and O IV transition region lines and is remarkably steady over the observing period of nearly 80 min. The downflow is not visible in the chromospheric lines, which only show an intensity enhancement at the location of the downflow. The density inferred from the line ratio of the red-shifted satellites of the O IV lines ($N_\mathrm{e} = 10^{10.6\pm0.25} \mathrm{cm}^{-3}$) is only a factor 2 smaller than the one inferred from the main components ($N_\mathrm{e} = 10^{10.95\pm0.20} \mathrm{cm}^{-3}$). Consequently, this implies a substantial mass flux ($\approx 5 \times 10^{-7}$ g cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$), which would evacuate the overlying corona on time scales of the order of 10 s. We interpret these findings as evidence of a stationary termination shock of a supersonic siphon flow in a cool loop rooted in the central umbra of the spot.
Detecting groups of similar components in complex networks

We study how to detect groups in a complex network each of which consists of component nodes sharing a similar connection pattern. Based on the mixture models and the exploratory analysis set up by Newman and Leicht (2007 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104 9564), we develop an algorithm that is applicable to a network with any degree distribution. The partition of a network suggested by this algorithm also applies to its complementary network. In general, groups of similar components are not necessarily identical with the communities in a community network; thus partitioning a network into groups of similar components provides additional information of the network structure. The proposed algorithm can also be used for community detection when the groups and the communities overlap. By introducing a tunable parameter that controls the involved effects of the heterogeneity, we can also investigate conveniently how the group structure can be coupled with the heterogeneity characteristics. In particular, an interesting example shows a group partition can evolve into a community partition in some situations when the involved heterogeneity effects are tuned. The extension of this algorithm to weighted networks is discussed as well.
New fathers, ideal workers? New players in the field of father‐friendly work organizations

This article explores novel forms of proactive support for fathers in organizations and analyzes how newly instituted organizational promoters of father-friendliness in Germany (organizational consultants, fathers' representatives, and fathers' networks) legitimize and strengthen organizational acceptance of fathers' use of family-friendly workplace arrangements. Bringing together the notions of organizational masculinity, the ideal worker norm, and postfeminism, the paper focuses on caring formations of postfeminist masculinity at work and how they contribute to gender change in organizations. The analysis shows that organizational promoters construct father-friendliness in three ways (I) by constructing a new, “caring” organizational masculinity, (II) by creating organizational value for care-related practices, (III) by framing father-friendliness as a prerequisite for gender equality. Our theoretical argument is that configurations of positive masculinities are possible within a post-feminist culture, and they produce incremental yet limited gender change through a reshaped organizational masculinity and a reframed “ideal worker” within organizations. The study of a rather unique group of change agents in organizations shows how additional offerings for fathers might contribute to changing gendered assumptions about care in organizations.
PoWR grids of non-LTE model atmospheres for OB-type stars of various metallicities

The study of massive stars in different metallicity environments is a central topic of current stellar research. The spectral analysis of massive stars requires adequate model atmospheres. The computation of such models is difficult and time-consuming. Therefore, spectral analyses are greatly facilitated if they can refer to existing grids of models. Here we provide grids of model atmospheres for OB-type stars at metallicities corresponding to the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds, as well as to solar metallicity. In total, the grids comprise 785 individual models. The models were calculated using the state-of-the-art Potsdam Wolf-Rayet (PoWR) model atmosphere code. The parameter domain of the grids was set up using stellar evolution tracks. For all these models, we provide normalized and flux-calibrated spectra, spectral energy distributions, feedback parameters such as ionizing photons, Zanstra temperatures, and photometric magnitudes. The atmospheric structures (the density and temperature stratification) are available as well. All these data are publicly accessible through the PoWR website.
On the existence of bright IR galaxies atz> 2: tension betweenHerscheland SCUBA-2 results?

Recent derivations of the galaxy star formation rate density (SFRD) obtained from sub-millimetre (sub-mm) surveys (e.g., SCUBA-2) show a tension with previous works based on Herschel and multi-wavelength data. Some of these works claim that the SFRD derived by pushing the Herschel surveys beyond z~2 are incorrect. However, the current sub-mm surveys obtained from SCUBA-2 data and the methods used to construct the total infrared (IR) luminosity function (LF) and the SFRD could be affected by some limitations. Here we show how these limitations (i.e., selection bias and incompleteness effects) might affect the total IR LF, making the resulting dusty galaxy evolution of difficult interpretation. In particular, we find that the assumed spectral energy distribution (SED) plays a crucial role in the total IR LF derivation, moreover, we confirm that the long-wavelength (e.g., 850-micron) surveys can be incomplete against "warm" SED galaxies, and that the use of a wide spectral coverage of IR wavelengths is crucial to limit the uncertainties and biases.
Detection of a Millimeter Flare from Proxima Centauri

We present new analyses of ALMA 12 m and Atacama Compact Array (ACA) observations at 233 GHz (1.3 mm) of the Proxima Centauri system with sensitivities of 9.5 and 47 μJy beam−1, respectively, taken from 2017 January 21 through April 25. These analyses reveal that the star underwent a significant flaring event during one of the ACA observations on 2017 March 24. The complete event lasted for approximately 1 minute and reached a peak flux density of 100 ± 4 mJy, nearly a factor of 1000 times brighter than the star’s quiescent emission. At the flare peak, the continuum emission is characterized by a steeply falling spectral index with frequency Fν ∝ να with α = −1.77 ± 0.45, and a lower limit on the fractional linear polarization of . Because the ACA observations do not show any quiescent excess emission, we conclude that there is no need to invoke the presence of a dust belt at 1–4 au. We also posit that the slight excess flux density of 101 ± 9 μJy observed in the 12 m observations, compared to the photospheric flux density of 74 ± 4 μJy extrapolated from infrared wavelengths, may be due to coronal heating from continual smaller flares, as is seen for AU Mic, another nearby well-studied M dwarf flare star. If this is true, then the need for warm dust at ∼0.4 au is also removed.
Critical study of the absorbing phase transition in a four-state predator–prey model in one dimension

In a recent letter (Chatterjee et al 2011 J. Stat. Mech. L05001) it was claimed that a four-state predator–prey (4SPP) model exhibits critical behavior distinct from that of directed percolation (DP). In this letter, we show that the 4SPP in fact belongs to the DP universality class.