Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occurrence and function of enzymes for lignocellulose degradation in commercial Agaricus bisporus cultivation

SNARE proteins play a crucial role in intracellular trafficking by catalyzing membrane fusion, but assigning SNAREs to specific intracellular transport routes is challenging with current techniques. We developed a novel Förster resonance energy transfer-fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FRET-FLIM)-based technique allowing visualization of real-time local interactions of fluorescently tagged SNARE proteins in live cells. We used FRET-FLIM to delineate the trafficking steps underlying the release of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) from human bloodderived dendritic cells. We found that activation of dendritic cells by bacterial lipopolysaccharide leads to increased FRET of fluorescently labeled syntaxin 4 with VAMP3 specifically at the plasma membrane, indicating increased SNARE complex formation, whereas FRET with other tested SNAREs was unaltered. Our results revealed that SNARE complexing is a key regulatory step for cytokine production by immune cells and prove the applicability of FRET-FLIM for visualizing SNARE complexes in live cells with subcellular spatial resolution. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.23525. 001
N-Gram Accuracy Analysis in the Method of Chatbot Response

Chatbot is a computer program designed to simulate interactive conversations or communication to users. In this study, chatbot was created as a customer service that functions as a public health service in Malang. This application is expected to facilitate the public to find the desired information. The method for user input in this application used N-Gram. N-gram consists of unigram, bigram and trigram. Testing of this application is carried out on 3 N-gram methods, so that the results of the tests have been done obtain the results for unigram 0.436, bigram 0.28, and trigram 0.26. From these results it can be seen that trigrams are faster in answering questions.
Gender Differences in Mortality and CD 4 Count Response Among HIV-Positive Patients Virally Suppressed Within 6 Months of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation

Background: Treatment outcomes for antiretroviral therapy (ART) patients may vary by gender, but estimates from current evidence may be confounded by disease stage and adherence. We investigated the gender differences in treatment response among HIV-positive patients virally suppressed within 6 months of treatment initiation. Methods: We analyzed data from 7,354 patients initiating ART between April 2004 and April 2010 at Themba Lethu Clinic, a large urban public sector treatment facility in South Africa. We estimated the relations among gender, mortality, and mean CD4 response in HIV-infected adults virally suppressed within 6 months of treatment initiation and used inverse probability of treatment weights to correct estimates for loss to follow-up. Results: Male patients had a 20% greater risk of death at both 24 months and 36 months of follow-up compared to females. Older patients and those with a low hemoglobin level or low body mass index (BMI) were at increased risk of mortality throughout follow-up. Men gained fewer CD4 cells after treatment initiation than did women. The mean differences in CD4 count gains made by women and men between baseline and 12, 24, and 36 months were 28.2 cells/mm (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.2–34.3), 60.8 cells/mm (95% CI 71.1-50.5 cells/ mm), and 83.0 cells/mm (95% CI 97.1-68.8 cells/mm), respectively. Additionally, patients with a current detectable viral load ( > 400 copies/mL) and older patients had a lower mean CD4 increase at the same time points. Conclusions: In this initially virally suppressed population, women showed consistently better immune response to treatment than did men. Promoting earlier uptake of HIV treatment among men may improve their immunologic outcomes.
Therapeutic Exercise and Hypertension

Hypertension implies chronic elevation in SBP and DBP above levels considered desirable or healthy for the person\'s age and size. The focus of this review is to discuss the therapeutic efficacy of exercise on human hypertension. The paper revealed that hypertension is common among African, also that acute exercise raises the BP while exercise training (chronic exercise) reduces the BP in hypertensive patients but may not reduce the BP of normotensive individual. Exercise function test and prescription were also highlighted. The paper concluded that therapeutic exercise is safe and effective in the management of hypertension. It was recommended that emphasis should be placed on therapeutic exercise in the management of hypertension in Africa. Keywords : Therapeutic exercise; Systolic pressure; Diastolic pressure African Research Review Vol. 2 (3) 2008: pp. 249-261
Usage-based and emergentist approaches to language acquisition

Abstract It was long considered to be impossible to learn grammar based on linguistic experience alone. In the past decade, however, advances in usage-based linguistic theory, computational linguistics, and developmental psychology changed the view on this matter. So-called usage-based and emergentist approaches to language acquisition state that language can be learned from language use itself, by means of social skills like joint attention, and by means of powerful generalization mechanisms. This paper first summarizes the assumptions regarding the nature of linguistic representations and processing. Usage-based theories are nonmodular and nonreductionist, i.e., they emphasize the form-function relationships, and deal with all of language, not just selected levels of representations. Furthermore, storage and processing is considered to be analytic as well as holistic, such that there is a continuum between children's unanalyzed chunks and abstract units found in adult language. In the second part, the empirical evidence is reviewed. Children's linguistic competence is shown to be limited initially, and it is demonstrated how children can generalize knowledge based on direct and indirect positive evidence. It is argued that with these general learning mechanisms, the usage-based paradigm can be extended to multilingual language situations and to language acquisition under special circumstances.
Do Consumers Buy Less of a Taxed Good?

This paper shows that consumers may buy more of a taxed good if it is sold by a two-sided platform firm. Two-sided platform industries serve distinct customer groups that are connected through interdependent demand, and include major businesses such as the media industry (newspapers/magazines and advertisers), banking (cardholder and merchant), and the software industry (users and application developers). The paper compares ad-valorem and specific taxes and shows that they may have opposite effects on quantities sold, and that the ad-valorem tax - the most commonly used tax throughout the OECD - has effects on prices and quantities not previously recognized.
Toward Artificial Argumentation

1 This distinctive feature is at the same time an important cognitive capacity and a powerful social phenomenon. It has attracted attention and careful analysis since the dawn of civilization, being intimately related to the origin of any form of social organization, from political debates to law, and of structured thinking, from philosophy to science and arts. As a cognitive capacity, argumentation is important for handling conflicting beliefs, assumptions, viewpoints, opinions, goals, and many other kinds of mental attitudes. When we are faced with a situation where we find that our information is incomplete or inconsistent, we often resort to the use of arguments in favor and against a given position in order to make sense of the situation. When we interact with other people we often exchange arguments in a cooperative or competitive fashion to reach a final agreement or to defend and promote an individual position. Articles
Performance analysis of multiprocessor DSPs: a stream-oriented component model

This article introduces a composable component model that can be used for performance analysis of complex digital signal processing (DSP) systems consisting of several computation resources communicating via some shared media. It reviews different methods of analyzing the performance of such communication-centric systems, including simulation, trace-based simulation, and symbolic methods. Finally, a component model that can be used to formally state the relationship between the usage and the processing capabilities of different computation and communication resources is established.
A Review of Methods to Improve Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Agriculture

Management of nitrogen (N) is a challenging task and several methods individually and in combination are in use to manage its efficiency. However, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) has not been improved to a level, only 33%, as predicted by the researchers while developing nitrogen management tools and methods. The primary objective of this review article is to evaluate methods and tools available to manage nitrogen. Several methods, soil testing, plant tissue testing, spectral response, fertilizer placement and timing and vegetative indexes (leaf area index, and NDVI) through drones, handheld sensors, and satellite imagery were reviewed on the subject of user-friendly and effectiveness towards NUE. No single method was found sufficient to counter the nitrogen loss. Some methods were found time consuming and unsynchronized with N uptake behavior of particular crop, for example, plant tissue testing. Use of precision agriculture tools, such as GreenSeeker, Holland Crop Circle, drone, and satellite imagery, were found better compared to conventional methods such as soil testing, but these tools can only be used when the crop is up. Therefore, N management is possible only through inseason N application methods. When 70% of the applied nitrogen is used by the crops within 25–30 days after planting, for example, corn and potatoes, it is required to apply major N rates through inseason approach and some N at planting using soil test reports. In conclusion, this article strongly advocates using two or more methods in combination when managing N.
Detectionof a homotetrameric structureand protein ^ protein interactionsofParacoccidioidesbrasiliensis formamidase lead to newfunctional insights

Detectionof a homotetrameric structureand protein^protein interactionsofParacoccidioidesbrasiliensis formamidase lead to newfunctional insights Clayton Luiz Borges, Juliana Alves Parente, Mônica Santiago Barbosa, Jaime Martins Santana, Sonia Nair Báo, Marcelo Valle de Sousa & Célia Maria de Almeida Soares Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Laboratório de Interação Parasito-Hospedeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brası́lia, Brası́lia, D.F. , Brazil; Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brası́lia, Brası́lia, D.F. , Brazil; and Laboratório de Bioquı́mica e Quı́mica de Proteı́nas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brası́lia, Brası́lia, D.F. , Brazil
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Entropy and Emittance of Particle and Photon Beam Permalink

The emittance as the available phase space area is defined as the product of the elementary cell area 80 and exp(S), where S is the normalized entropy of a particle beam. The definition is based on the fact that the factor exp($) can be interpreted as the number of the occupied cells. For particle beams, a closed expression for the emittance in terms of the phase space distribution function is obtained which is independent of 80. To compute the emittance of the radiation beam, it is necessary to find the eigenvalues of the correlation operator. An explicit solution is found for the case of a partially coherent radiation beam which is a stochastic superposition of coherent Gaussian beams with a Gaussian probability distribution. Such a beam is a reasonable model for undulator radiation by beam of electrons. From the requirement that the radiation emittance reproduces the particle beam emittance in the incoherent limit, the elementary cell area 80 is determined unambiguously to be >. , the radiation wavelength. The emittance in the coherent limit then becomes >.
` 1-Penalized Censored Gaussian Graphical Model

Graphical lasso is one of the most used estimators for inferring genetic networks. Despite its diffusion, there are several fields in applied research where the limits of detection of modern measurement technologies make the use of this estimator theoretically unfounded, even when the assumption of a multivariate Gaussian distribution is satisfied. Typical examples are data generated by polymerase chain reactions and flow cytometer. The combination of censoring and high-dimensionality make inference of the underlying genetic networks from these data very challenging. In this paper we propose an `1penalized Gaussian graphical model for censored data and derive two EM-like algorithms for inference. By an extensive simulation study, we evaluate the computational efficiency of the proposed algorithms and show that our proposal overcomes existing competitors when censored data are available. We apply the proposed method to gene expression data coming from microfluidic RT-qPCR technology in order to make inference on the regulatory mechanisms of blood development.
Leucaena toxicosis and its control in ruminants.

Leucaena (Leucaena spp., especially L. leucocephala) is an arboreal, tropical legume that ranges into the cool subtropics and equatorial elevations up to 1,000 m. One of its uses includes forage for livestock, but introduction of leucaena outside its indigenous range often has led to acute and chronic toxicosis. The major toxic constituents of leucaena are the nonprotein free amino acid mimosine and its ruminal degradation product, 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone (3,4-dihydroxypyridine; 3,4-DHP). Leucaena also contains appreciable quantities of condensed tannins. In ruminants, mimosine is a depilatory agent and 3,4-DHP is a potent goitrogen. In the 1980s, Australian workers demonstrated that the geographical limits of leucaena toxicosis were due to the absence of ruminal bacteria capable of degrading 3,4-DHP, and successfully introduced 3,4-DHP degrading ruminal bacteria from a Hawaiian goat into goats and cattle in Australia. Simple in vitro screening methods have been developed for detection of 3,4-DHP degraders in ruminal samples and feces. Also, several strains of 3,4-DHP degrading ruminal bacteria have been characterized and have been given the genus and species designation, Synergistes jonesii. Ruminal inoculation with ruminal contents from adapted animals, enriched cultures of 3,4-DHP-degrading ruminal bacteria, and pure cultures of S. jonesii have all been used successfully to establish ruminal populations that are capable of degrading 3,4-DHP and preventing leucaena toxicosis. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Simple Alternative House Price Index Method

This paper presents the Sale Price Appraisal Ratio (SPAR) method for constructing house price indexes. The method, which uses ratios of transaction prices and previous appraised values to build up an index, has been applied since the early 1960s to produce semi-annual price indexes for regions and cities in New Zealand. We compare the official New Zealand indexes for three urban areas with repeat sales and hedonic indexes created from the same transactions data, and observe that the SPAR method produces an index very much like those produced by hedonic methods. Given the number of advantages and few disadvantages that we find for the SPAR method relative to the more traditional methods, we maintain that it should be considered by government agencies elsewhere when developing house price indexes.
Corneal Biomechanical Parameters and Asymmetric Visual Field Damage in Patients with Untreated Normal Tension Glaucoma

Background: High intraocular pressure (IOP) and low central corneal thickness (CCT) are important validated risk factors for glaucoma, and some studies also have suggested that eyes with more deformable corneas may be in higher risk of the development and worsening of glaucoma. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the association between corneal biomechanical parameters and asymmetric visual field (VF) damage using a Corvis-ST device in patients with untreated normal tension glaucoma (NTG). Methods: In this observational, cross-sectional study, 44 newly diagnosed NTG patients were enrolled. Of these, 31 had asymmetric VF damage, which was defined as a 5-point difference between the eyes according to the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study scoring system. Corneal biomechanical parameters were obtained using a Corvis-ST device, such as time from start until the first and second applanation is reached (time A1 and time A2, respectively), cord length of the first and second applanation (length A1 and length A2, respectively), corneal speed during the first and second applanation (velocity A1 and velocity A2, respectively), time from start until highest concavity is reached (time HC), maximum amplitude at the apex of highest concavity (def ampl HC), distance between the two peaks at highest concavity (peak dist HC), and central concave curvature at its highest concavity (radius HC). Results: Time A1 (7.19 ± 0.28 vs. 7.37 ± 0.41 ms, P = 0.010), length A1 (1.73 [1.70–1.76] vs. 1.78 [1.76–1.79] mm, P = 0.007), length A2 (1.58 [1.46–1.70] vs. 1.84 [1.76–1.92] mm, P < 0.001), peak dist HC (3.53 [3.08–4.00] vs. 4.33 [3.92–4.74] mm, P = 0.010), and radius HC (6.20 ± 0.69 vs. 6.59 ± 1.18 mm, P = 0.032) were significantly lower in the worse eyes than in the better eyes, whereas velocity A1 and def ampl HC were significantly higher (0.156 [0.149–0.163] vs. 0.145 [0.138–0.152] m/s, P = 0.002 and 1.19 ± 0.13 vs. 1.15 ± 0.13 mm, P = 0.005, respectively). There was no significant difference in time A2, velocity A2, and time HC between the two groups. In addition, no difference was observed in IOP, CCT, and axial length. In the univariate and multivariate analyses, some of the Corvis-ST parameters, including time A1 and def ampl HC, were correlated with known risk factors for glaucoma, and there was also a significant positive correlation between def ampl HC and age. Conclusions: There were differences in dynamic corneal response parameters but not IOP or CCT between the paired eyes of NTG patients with asymmetric VF damage. We suggest that the shape of the cornea is more easily altered in the worse eyes of asymmetric NTG patients.
Hierarchical Image Semantics using Probabilistic Path Propagations

Image segmentation is an important subtask in biomedical research applications, such as estimating the position and shape of a tumor. Unfortunately, advanced image segmentation methods are not widely applied in research applications as they often miss features, such as uncertainty communication, and may lack an intuitive approach for the use of the underlying algorithm. To solve this problem, this work fuses a fuzzy and a hierarchical segmentation approach together, thus providing a flexible multi-class segmentation method based on probabilistic path propagations. By utilizing this method, analysts and physicians can map their mental model of image components and their composition to higher level objects. The probabilistic segmentation of higher order components is propagated along the user-defined hierarchy to highlight the potential of improvement resulting in each level of hierarchy by providing an intuitive representation. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by evaluating our segmentations of biomedical datasets, comparing it to state of the art segmentation approaches, and an extensive user study.
European Conference on Information Systems ( ECIS ) Summer 10-6-2011 IT PROJECT GOVERNANCE IMPLEMENTATION AS INSTITUTIONALIZATION PROCESS : EVIDENCE FROM THE FINANCIAL SERVICES INDUSTRY

The implementation of IT project governance (ITPG) is a response to the increased regulatory pressure and the high failure rate of IT projects. Although ITPG is common, there is little research on this phenomenon, and very little is known about the forces that drive ITPG or the process by which such governance is implemented in organizations. This paper presents a process theory of ITPG implementation developed from case studies of five large companies in the financial services industry, using the grounded theory method. The model proposes three phases of ITPG implementation: standardization, centralization, and professionalization, and key drivers of each phase. The paper also shows how the proposed process theory is consistent with and can be integrated with institutional theory to demonstrate ITPG as an institutional process.
BRUSSELS ECONOMIC REVIEW – CAHIERS ECONOMIQUES DE BRUXELLES

This article uses detailed German household panel data to address important unresolved issues related to task-biased technological change. Implementing a task-based model of occupational employment and earnings, results show that the task composition of occupations in 1985 is significantly associated with relative employment changes and accounts at least partially for the job polarisation that occurred during the period 1985-2008. By contrast, initial task content is not related to observed trends in remuneration. We also contribute to a central, but so far underresearched aspect of task-biased employment changes, namely their dynamics over time. We show that task-biased employment effects can take more than a decade to materialize, differ across task categories, and be preceded by movements in the opposite direction. These findings have important ramifications for research in this field, for instance by underlining the necessity to work with sufficiently long observation periods and to pay closer attention to infra-period evolutions. JEL CLASSIFICATION: J21, J24, J31.
Self–enhancement in Japan? A reply to Brown & Kobayashi

Brown and Kobayashi provide some evidence that Japanese enhance themselves and group members in the self–other paradigm, especially for important traits. However, their conclusions are drawn from a highly selective review of the literature. In their paper they raise four distinct hypotheses: Japanese self–enhance, Japanese self–enhance as much as North Americans, Japanese self–enhance more for important traits, and Japanese enhance their groups. An evaluation of each of these four hypotheses with respect to all of the relevant empirical evidence reveals that they are all poorly supported and, in some cases, are directly contradicted.
Extragenital Infections Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A Review of the Literature

In the United States, sexually transmitted diseases due to Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae continue to be a major public health burden. Screening of extragenital sites including the oropharynx and rectum is an emerging practice based on recent studies highlighting the prevalence of infection at these sites. We reviewed studies reporting the prevalence of extragenital infections in women, men who have sex with men (MSM), and men who have sex only with women (MSW), including distribution by anatomical site. Among women, prevalence was found to be 0.6–35.8% for rectal gonorrhea (median reported prevalence 1.9%), 0–29.6% for pharyngeal gonorrhea (median 2.1%), 2.0–77.3% for rectal chlamydia (median 8.7%), and 0.2–3.2% for pharyngeal chlamydia (median 1.7%). Among MSM, prevalence was found to be 0.2–24.0% for rectal gonorrhea (median 5.9%), 0.5–16.5% for pharyngeal gonorrhea (median 4.6%), 2.1–23.0% for rectal chlamydia (median 8.9%), and 0–3.6% for pharyngeal chlamydia (median 1.7%). Among MSW, the prevalence was found to be 0–5.7% for rectal gonorrhea (median 3.4%), 0.4–15.5% for pharyngeal gonorrhea (median 2.2%), 0–11.8% for rectal chlamydia (median 7.7%), and 0–22.0% for pharyngeal chlamydia (median 1.6%). Extragenital infections are often asymptomatic and found in the absence of reported risk behaviors, such as receptive anal and oral intercourse. We discuss current clinical recommendations and future directions for research.