Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Two Hydrological Models, the HEC-HMS and Nash Models, for Runoff Estimation in Michałówka River

Floods are among the most devastating natural disasters in small suburban catchments. These phenomena, causing loss of life and massive property damage, pose a serious threat to the economy. Hydrological modeling is extremely important in terms of climate change, and the use of appropriate modeling can be a useful tool for flood risk prevention and mitigation. Rainfall–runoff modeling requires the selection of an appropriate hydrological model in order to obtain satisfactory results. Hydrological models are used in water resource planning and management to estimate catchment runoff. Small uncontrolled catchments play a particularly important role in hydrological phenomena, since changes in them affect flows in the recipient. Hydrologists are particularly interested in developing hydrological models that can be made with a minimum of data and parameters. Nash models and the Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) are examples of simple and most practical hydrologic models. These models were used in this paper to study geographic and qualitative changes in precipitation runoff due to land cover changes. The modeling was carried out for two spatial aspects relating to the years 1940 and 2018. The model allowed for the simulation of the river flow that can occur under different rainfall probabilities. The analysis of the results was used to evaluate the hydrological models used. The hundred-year flow modeled with the Nash model for 1940 was 13.4 m3∙s−1, whereas the second model gave slightly lower flow values. In addition, modeling the flow for 2018 (after changing the land cover) highlighted the increase in the flow value for both models, where again the flow volume was slightly higher for the Nash model and amounted to about 19 m3∙s−1. The flow differences for individual models were not too large. This made it possible to conclude that the simulated outflow hydrographs are in good agreement, and this means that the models accurately reproduce the flow of the Michałówka River. The study showed that rapid urbanization adversely affects hydrological processes. In addition, the study showed that a well-distributed model can outperform a global flood forecasting model, especially in terms of magnitude, as in the current study example.
Dimensional emotion recognition based on two stream CNN fusion attention mechanism

Aiming at the problem that discrete emotion recognition cannot depict continuous emotion changes, in order to capture high-level dimensional emotional information, this paper integrates attention mechanism into the two stream CNN model and proposes a Two Stream Convolutional Neural Network with Shared and Global attention mechanism (TSCNN-SGA) . TSCNN-SGA uses the same structure of CNN network structure to extract the static stream of expression images and dynamic stream of expression sequences features respectively, firstly, in the dynamic and static dual flow feature extraction network, the output feature map of the previous convolution layer group is used to cascade to calculate the shared attention weight of the next layer group, secondly, the two stream convolution feature map with shared attention is cascaded, the attention weights of different positions are mapped onto the cascaded feature map and weighted, finally, the shared weight matrix in the convolution end of TSCNN-SSA and the global attention mechanism after the two stream feature cascade work together to obtain the depth space-time feature, which is input to the bidirectional long-short time network to obtain the final dimensional sentiment prediction value. Compared with different baseline methods, the average value of the proposed method's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) in the arousal-valence space reached 0.576, which can effectively identify dimensional emotions.
Self-reported homesickness in Australian adolescent males during their first year at boarding school: an exploratory study of symptomatic features, its dimensionality, coping strategies, and the relationship with academic, resilience, emotional and mental wellbeing factors

ABSTRACT Objective To explore the symptomatic features of homesickness in Australian adolescent males during their first year at boarding school, as well as its dimensionality, coping strategies, and the relationship with academic, resilience, emotional and mental health factors. Method Drawing on a larger, longitudinal study (n = 174 students), survey responses were collected from 29 male participants aged 11–12 years at one non-government boarding school (K-12) located in Western Australia. Results Exploratory statistical analysis found one-third did not experience homesickness, with almost one-third of participants experiencing a single episode of homesickness lasting for one week and one in five reporting recurrent episodes throughout the first year. Further, homesickness was not necessarily associated with specific negative emotions such as sadness or provoking problematic thoughts towards boarding school, cognitive impairment in class and somatisation. However, school-orientated homesickness was associated with a greater vulnerability to non-specific psychological distress, conduct problems, peer problems, and overall total difficulties. A range of productive coping strategies used by participants to ameliorate homesickness. Conclusion Findings are discussed within the context of the existing literature and wider setting of adolescence and insight from a developmental science perspective. Potential implications for practice and future directions are presented, as are the limitations of this study. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) A general paucity exists in Australian empirical studies exploring homesickness in adolescent male boarding students. (2) International studies link homesickness in boys with a wide range of somatic, internalising and externalising behavioural problems, as well as with social and emotional instability, and greater vulnerability to psychopathology such as anxiousness and depressive symptoms. (3) Prior research suggests help-seeking skill deficits and maladaptive responses to homesickness by Australian male boarding students, such as ignoring problems or keeping difficulties to self. What this topic adds: (1) It provides new insight into symptomatic features of homesickness as reported by Australian adolescent male boarding students and evidences the utilisation of adaptive behaviours and productive coping strategies. (2) It offers a preliminary understanding of the relationship homesickness might have with academic, resilience, emotional and mental health factors. (3) In practice, this study may serve to underscore the benefits of a dual approach when treating homesickness in Australian adolescent male boarding students. One that considers factors specific to home and school and integrates this knowledge to guide case formulation and treatment planning.
Calibration of Wavelength Scanning in Wavelength Scanning Interferometer.

A highly accurate, non-destructive and high speeding surface profile measuring system based on wavelength scanning interferometry has been developed. Main components of this system include a compact interferometer based on Michelson interferometry, an electronically tuned Ti: Sapphire laser for wide range wavelength scanning, and a high speeding multi-port CCD camera functioning as a detector. Prior researches have provided evidence that this system is able to measure the surface of an object for a 5×2.5 mm 2 area up to a measurement range of 1.5 mm within 4 seconds. In addition, the data processing procedures are used to reduce noise and interpolate signal, which improves the depth resolution to the degree of less then 3 μm. The accuracy of the measurement of wavelength scanning interferometry is directly influenced by the scanning accuracy of wavelength. This study investigates the accuracy of wavelength scanning by employing two methods that are designed for calibrating systematic error. The experimental results are used to evaluate the performance of the two calibrating methods.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Exosomes Mediate M2-like Macrophage Polarization through CD73/Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase Activity

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) exosomes have been shown to alleviate immune dysfunction and inflammation in preclinical animal models. This therapeutic effect is attributed, in part, to their ability to promote the polarization of anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages. One polarization mechanism has been shown to involve the activation of the MyD88-mediated toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway by the presence of extra domain A-fibronectin (EDA-FN) within the MSC exosomes. Here, we uncovered an additional mechanism where MSC exosomes mediate M2-like macrophage polarization through exosomal CD73 activity. Specifically, we observed that polarization of M2-like macrophages by MSC exosomes was abolished in the presence of inhibitors of CD73 activity, adenosine receptors A2A and A2B, and AKT/ERK phosphorylation. These findings suggest that MSC exosomes promote M2-like macrophage polarization by catalyzing the production of adenosine, which then binds to adenosine receptors A2A and A2B to activate AKT/ERK-dependent signaling pathways. Thus, CD73 represents an additional critical attribute of MSC exosomes in mediating M2-like macrophage polarization. These findings have implications for predicting the immunomodulatory potency of MSC exosome preparations.
Understanding Differential Stress and Mental Health Reactions to COVID-19-Related Events

The effects of the pandemic on mental health can be studied through different variables, such as the number of COVID-19 stressors, the stressor types, and the stress responses. Understanding the sources of mental strain is crucial for developing effective interventions. The present study analyzed the relationship between these COVID-19-related variables and positive and negative mental health. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 666 individuals from the Portuguese general population, mostly females (65.5%) between 16–93 years old. They completed self-report measures regarding the number of COVID-19 stressors, the stressor types, the stress responses (IES-R), and positive (MHC-SF) and negative mental health (BSI-18). The results demonstrated that a higher number of COVID-19-experienced stressors and more stress responses were related to worse mental health. Regarding stressor types, experiences not related to the COVID-19 infection (e.g., tension at home) presented the largest effects on mental health. The strongest predictor was the stress responses for negative (β = 0.50) and positive mental health (β = −0.17). The predictors explained more about negative mental health than positive. These findings support the idea that individual appraisals play a crucial role in mental health.
Qualification of the MMX Rover Locomotion Subsystem for the Martian Moon Phobos

Planetary rovers have proven their function and value for the Earth moon as well as Mars in the past decades. While these celestial bodies have a gravity of the same order of magnitude as the Earth, wheeled locomotion has never been performed on a body with much lower gravity. Within the Japanese Martian Moon eXploration (MMX) mission, a wheeled rover will land on the Martian Moon Phobos with a gravity of about 1/2000 of the Earth gravity. The Robotic and Mechatronics Center of the German Aerospace Center (DLR-RMC) has designed and built the locomotion subsystem (LSS) for this rover. As the first ever driving gear for milli-gravity, the LSS needed to undergo a comprehensive qualification campaign. Due to the very challenging timeline of this project, the extent of the campaign needed to be carefully tailored to the needs of the mission. This work describes the concept of the verification including some crucial tailoring choices that have been made. The individual domains of verification are then described in detail with their scope, setup, procedure and results. The goal of this publication is to give a good overview and a detailed insight into the verification of the LSS for milli-gravity. Besides follow-up missions to Phobos, this work is also a good foundation for the qualification of future driving gears for low gravity environments or small rovers in general.
About the Nature of the Generalized Omega Equation

Abstract The generalized omega equation (ω equation) for hydrostatic, inviscid, isentropic, Boussinesq flow is interpreted in terms of the change of differential relative vorticity in a fluid parcel. A new formulation of the ω equation, consistent with this interpretation, is introduced. The formulation can be interpreted as the primitive equation (PE) counterpart of the Q vector formulation of the quasigeostrophic (QG) ω equation. This interpretation is equivalent to the interpretation of the differential horizontal divergence [(−wz)z] equation as the PE counterpart of the QG differential vorticity equation. The generalized equations also show the role that the rate of change of differential ageostrophic vorticity and differential divergence play in forcing nonquasigeostrophic vertical velocity and nonquasigeostrophic vorticity, respectively. This is illustrated by a simple application of the theory for the circulation in a tropical cyclone. Finally, the necessary and sufficient conditions required to ob.
Comparing and Configuring Soft Tendon Designs for Variable Stiffness Actuators on a Robot Arm

A Variable Stiffness Actuator (VSA) can vary the stiffness of a robot joint. Robots which use rigid links but soft joints like VSAs are known as articulated soft robots. The articulated soft robot arm in this paper uses an agonist/antagonist VSA setup with composite tendons made out of a soft material on the inside and an ideally non-elastic material on the outside. The outer material gradually aligns with the direction of the load, and compresses the inner soft material during extension. This provides a cheap and compact tendon that can be made to exhibit suitable spring characteristics for a VSA. The focus of the work presented here is to optimize the manufacturing process of these soft tendons through methodological tuning of parameters and the usage of off-the-shelf materials. The filament, outer sleeve and pulley configurations are modeled, and tensile testing used to provide data on the effect of different design parameters on the tendon properties. Soft tendons with an outer mesh sleeve that are easy to manufacture are implemented in a proof of concept experiment on the robot arm elbow joint. The results show that variable stiffness can be achieved with the proposed design but that the available outer sleeve is too flexible resulting in only a small range of stiffness levels. Several directions for improvement are identified.
Unequal pay for equal education! A case of gender wage gap from Punjab, Pakistan

This study aimed to quantify the returns to tertiary educational attainment and measures the extent to which these returns differ for men and women. The article provides new empirical evidence of the returns to tertiary education literature by introducing a unique instrument, namely the supply of education to deal with endogeneity. The analysis is implemented using a pooled cross-section of five rounds of the Pakistan Social and Living Standards survey with 10,000 observations. The results show that the marginal returns to acquiring one extra year of education beyond matriculation are higher for women than for men. This result could partially explain the reversal of the gender gap in enrolments from secondary and lower to the post-secondary level of education in Punjab. The first stage results highlight the significance of investing in physical infrastructure for the greater accumulation of human capital.
Intraoperative Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Catheters Placed for Post-operative Analgesia Following Pedicled Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap Breast Reconstruction: A Case Report

Transverse rectus abdominis (TRAM) flap reconstruction of the breast is a procedure in which a flap of skin, fat, and underlying rectus abdominis muscle is used to reconstruct the breast. This procedure is commonly performed after mastectomy and results in significant pain at the donor abdominal site. We present this case of a 50-year-old female undergoing pedicled TRAM flap surgery in which ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) catheters were placed intraoperatively, in a novel fashion: under ultrasound guidance, directly on the abdominal musculature, without overlying fat, subcutaneous tissue, or dressing. Our case-reported numeric pain scores ranged from 0-5/10 during postoperative days one to two. The patient's IV morphine requirement on postoperative days zero to two ranged between 1.34 mg to 2.6 mg per day, representing a significant decrease compared to literature-reported opioid consumption after such surgery. Her pain and opioid consumption increased significantly after catheter removal, suggesting the efficacy of our intraoperative TAP catheters.
A search for interstellar H+3

Based on the results of recent laboratory observation of the infrared v2 fundamental band of the H3 molecular ion, the possibility of observing this important ion in interstellar space is discussed. An observation of this spectrum has been attempted with the aid of the high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer on the 4 m Mayall telescope of the Kitt Peak National Observatory.
Parameter Optimization and DEM Simulation of Bionic Sweep with Lower Abrasive Wear Characteristics

High wear rates during the tillage process often result in significant financial losses and wasted farming seasons. In this paper, a bionic design was used to reduce tillage wear. Inspired by wear-resistant animals with ribbed structures, the bionic ribbed sweep (BRS) was designed by combining a ribbed unit with a conventional sweep (CS). BRSs with different parameters (width φ, height h, angle θ, and interval λ) were simulated and optimized using the DEM and RSM methods at a working depth of 60 mm to evaluate the magnitude and trends of three responses: tillage resistance (TR), number of contacts between the sweep and soil particles (CNSP), and Archard wear value (AW). The results showed that a protective layer could be created on the surface of the sweep with a ribbed structure to reduce abrasive wear. Analysis of variance proved that factors φ, θ, and λ had significant effects on AW, CNSP, and TR, while factor h was insignificant. An optimal solution was obtained using the desirability method, including 8.88 mm φ, 1.05 mm h, 3.01 mm λ, and 34.46° θ. Wear tests and simulations showed that wear loss could be effectively reduced at different speeds by the optimized BRS. It was found to be feasible to create a protective layer to reduce partial wear by optimizing the parameters of the ribbed unit.
Teachers without borders: professional learning spanning social media, place, and time

ABSTRACT Educators must consider how today’s technology-mediated environments expand our conceptualization of learning contexts and the continuities and tensions between learning and participation in various settings. The Covid-19 pandemic disrupted educational systems worldwide, necessitating emergency remote teaching and coinciding with increased social media use. Such shifts require reconceptualization of learning boundaries in a digital age. This article explores British and American teachers’ professional learning spanning social media, place and time. We collected #UKEdchat tweets and #Edchat tweets over 28 months, 1 January 2019–30 April 2021, and identified tweeters who were middle or secondary school teachers in the U.K. and U.S. to interview. From analysis of these data, we report on the tensions, synergies and experiences of boundary-crossing teachers with implications for research and practice.
Goodness-of-fit tests of generalized linear mixed models for repeated ordinal responses

ABSTRACT Categorical longitudinal data are frequently applied in a variety of fields, and are commonly fitted by generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) and generalized estimating equations models. The cumulative logit is one of the useful link functions to deal with the problem involving repeated ordinal responses. To check the adequacy of the GLMMs with cumulative logit link function, two goodness-of-fit tests constructed by the unweighted sum of squared model residuals using numerical integration and bootstrap resampling technique are proposed. The empirical type I error rates and powers of the proposed tests are examined by simulation studies. The ordinal longitudinal studies are utilized to illustrate the application of the two proposed tests.
Circulating Extracellular Vesicle Levels in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Coagulopathy: A Prospective Cohort Study

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with coagulopathy. However, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. We evaluated the association between COVID-19 coagulopathy and extracellular vesicle (EV) levels. We hypothesized that several EV levels would be higher in COVID-19 coagulopathy patients than in non-coagulopathy patients. This prospective observational study was conducted in four tertiary care faculties in Japan. We enrolled 99 COVID-19 patients (48 with coagulopathy and 51 without coagulopathy) aged ≥20 years who required hospitalization, and 10 healthy volunteers; we divided the patients into coagulopathy and non-coagulopathy groups according to the D-dimer levels (≥1 μg/mL and <1 μg/mL, respectively). We used flow cytometry to measure the tissue-factor-bearing, endothelium-derived, platelet-derived, monocyte-derived, and neutrophil-derived EV levels in platelet-free plasma. The EV levels were compared between the two COVID-19 groups as well as among the coagulopathy patients, non-coagulopathy patients, and healthy volunteers. No significant difference was found in EV levels between the two groups. Meanwhile, the cluster of differentiation (CD) 41 + EV levels were significantly higher in COVID-19 coagulopathy patients than in healthy volunteers (549.90 [255.05–984.65] vs. 184.3 [150.1–254.1] counts/µL, p = 0.011). Therefore, CD41+ EVs might play an essential role in COVID-19 coagulopathy development.
Coverage and interference in co-channel spectrum sharing between terrestrial and satellite networks

The satellite access to 6G services has the ambition to literally extend the coverage of the terrestrial networks to everywhere on Earth. 3GPP communication technologies are extended from Terrestrial Networks (TNs) to Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs), but so far the focus has been on systems where TNs and NTNs operate in their dedicated frequency bands. Providing the services in the same frequency band in satellite and terrestrial networks increases spectrum utilization efficiency, simplifies the user equipment, and shortens the delay of spectrum availability for satellite 6G services. However, the lack of capability to adapt to the expansion of TNs and the rigid sharing arrangements have not encouraged cooperative business cases between satellite and terrestrial networks. We show how cognitive, database-driven control of earth-fixed satellite beams enables co-channel DSA of NTN and TN, in the way that NTN downlink does not decrease the TN downlink capacity. We focus on the case where TN has a priority over the satellite network. The performance of the designed system is evaluated in terms of interference, capacity, coverage and spectrum utilization efficiency for cooperative and non-cooperative sharing. In the simulated study cases, the median coverage improvement with maximum -6 dB $I$/$N$ at TN user equipment is 400% compared to no sharing cases. The results confirm that the maximum $I$ / $N$ level can be controlled by the database system to the specified level and that the separation distance between the TN and NTN coverage areas is highly dependent on the direction of the NTN beams.