Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pedunculated subserosal leiomyoma with torsion, a rare cause of abdominal pain: A case report

Introduction: Acute abdominal pain caused by torsion of the pedunculated subserosal leiomyoma is rare. Miss diagnosis can lead to ischemia, necrosis, and subsequent peritonitis which may cause significant morbidity. Torsion of the leiomyoma should be recognized as a surgical emergency and once suspected, early surgical intervention should be considered. Patient concerns: A 28-year-old woman with a medical history of uterine leiomyoma presented to our emergency department because of acute onset right lower abdominal pain. Diagnoses: The computed tomography was performed which demonstrated multiple leiomyomas of variable sizes and a subserosal leiomyoma located at right lower abdomen with poor contrast enhancement. Interventions: The gynecologist was consulted, and myomectomy was performed. The intraoperative finding showed a pedunculated subserosal leiomyoma with torsion. Outcomes: She underwent myomectomy for the twisted pedunculated subserosal leiomyoma as well as other leiomyomas and was discharged with a favorable outcome. Conclusions: Torsion of the leiomyoma is a surgical emergency as delayed in treatment may lead to marked morbidity. Once suspected, the gynecologist must be consulted, and surgical intervention should be considered.
General knowledge norms: Updated and expanded for German

The general knowledge questions introduced by Nelson and Narens (Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19(3), 338–368, 1980) have been a valuable research tool in various areas of cognitive research. We translated, updated, and expanded the set of questions for German. We present a total set of 356 general knowledge questions with their recall probability as well as metacognitive measures—confidence and peer judgments—based on a university student sample (N = 512). Furthermore, we present response latencies, pairwise correlations between recall probability and metacognitive judgments as well as the most common commission errors. These general knowledge questions can be used in studies with German speaking participants in a broad range of research fields, such as memory, illusory truth, misinformation, and metacognitive processes.
Construction of a cuproptosis-associated long non-coding RNA risk prediction model for pancreatic adenocarcinoma based on the TCGA database

Cuproptosis is a recently identified controlled process of cell death that functions in tumor development and treatment. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules longer than 200 nucleotides that bind to transcription factors and regulate tumor invasion, penetration, metastasis, and prognosis. However, there are limited data on the function of cuproptosis-associated lncRNAs in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Utilizing data retrieved from the cancer genome atlas database, we devised a risk prediction model of cuproptosis-associated lncRNAs in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, determined their prognostic significance and relationship with tumor immunity, and screened potential therapeutic drugs. Overall, 178 patients were randomized to a training or test group. We then obtained 6 characteristic cuproptosis-associated lncRNAs from the training group, based on which we constructed the risk prediction model, calculated the risk score, and verified the test group results. Subsequently, we performed differential gene analysis, tumor immunoassays, functional enrichment analysis, and potential drug screening. Finally, we found that the prediction model was highly reliable for the prognostic assessment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. Generally, low risk patients had better outcomes than high risk patients. A tumor immunoassay showed that immunotherapy may benefit high risk patients more as there is a greater likelihood that the tumors could escape the immune system in low-risk patients. Through drug screening, we identified ten drugs that may have therapeutic effects on patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, this study constructed a risk prediction model of cuproptosis-associated lncRNAs, which can reliably predict the prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients, provided a clinical reference for determining treatment approach, and provided some insights into the associations between lncRNAs and cuproptosis. This provides useful insight to aid in the development of therapeutic drugs for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Epidemiology and economic burden of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the United States: a literature review

Abstract Objective: This review sought to gain a comprehensive, up-to-date understanding of the epidemiology and cost and healthcare resource use (HCRU) burden of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the US, at a patient and national level. Methods: A targeted literature review (TLR) to identify epidemiological evidence (prevalence, incidence, mortality, survival), and systematic literature review (SLR) to identify cost and HCRU data published since January 2016, were performed. MEDLINE databases and Embase searches were conducted in January 2021. Key congresses (2019–2020) and bibliographies of relevant SLRs were hand-searched. Two high-quality SLRs were reviewed for additional cost data published between January 2001–2015. Registry and database studies were prioritized for epidemiological evidence. To allow comparison between studies in this publication, only evidence from the US was considered, with costs inflated to the 2020/2021 cost-year and converted to US dollars. Results: Eight studies from the epidemiology TLR, and eighteen from the cost and HCRU SLR, were extracted. Reported ALS incidence in the US was ∼1.5 per 100,000 person-years, and point prevalence ranged from 3.84–5.56 per 100,000 population. Total US national costs spanned ∼$212 million-∼$1.4 billion USD/year, and variably consisted of direct costs associated with HCRU and indirect costs. Conclusions: The national cost of ∼$1.02 billion USD/year (estimated using a prevalence of 16,055 cases) best aligns with prevalence estimates found in the TLR (equating to ∼13,000–18,000 cases). However, large-scale, population-based studies are necessary to precisely assess US epidemiology of ALS and capture all costs needed to inform cost-effectiveness models and resource planning.
Clinical and laboratory genetic counselor attitudes on the reporting of variants of uncertain significance for multigene cancer panels

Research suggests variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) present a variety of challenges for genetic counselors (GCs), nongenetics clinicians, and patients. Multigene cancer panels reveal more VUSs than single gene testing as a result of the increase in the number of genes being tested. This study surveyed 87 clinical cancer GCs involved with direct patient care and 19 laboratory GCs who provide guidance to clinicians regarding genetic test results about their attitudes on various options for the reporting of VUSs by laboratories for broad multigene cancer panels. Independent samples t‐tests were utilized to compare the two groups. Based on a six‐point Likert‐type scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 6 = Strongly Agree), clinical cancer GCs (M = 5.4; SD = 0.8) and laboratory GCs (M = 5.2; SD = 0.9) agreed overall that VUSs should be reported (p = 0.44; Cohen's d = 0.21). When asked about specific reporting options, both clinical cancer GCs (M = 1.9; SD = 1.1) and laboratory GCs (M = 2.1; SD = 1.4) disagreed that VUSs should be reported only for genes related to the indication for testing (p = 0.50; Cohen's d = 0.17). Overall, most GCs felt clinicians should not choose whether VUSs should be reported on genetic test results, with clinical cancer GCs (M = 1.9; SD = 1.3) feeling more strongly against it than laboratory GCs (M = 3.1; SD = 1.4; p = 0.002; Cohen's d = 0.88). Generally, GCs were more in favor of VUSs not being reported for population‐based screening, with laboratory GCs (M = 4.7; SD = 0.8) agreeing more with that practice than clinical cancer GCs (M = 3.7; SD = 1.4; p = 0.001; Cohen's d = 0.80). Both clinical cancer GCs (M = 4.1; SD = 1.2) and laboratory GCs (M = 3.9; SD = 1.2) agreed additional guidelines on how to approach VUSs in clinical practice should be developed (p = 0.54; Cohen's d = 0.17). While most GCs supported the reporting of VUSs overall, our analyses suggest clinical cancer and laboratory GCs may have different attitudes toward specific VUS‐related reporting options. Further research is needed to elucidate GC preferences to help inform best practices for the reporting of VUSs. The development of additional standardized guidelines on how to approach VUSs would further support clinical practice.
Reduction of embryonic E93 expression as a hypothetical driver of the evolution of insect metamorphosis

Significance Insect metamorphosis is classified into hemimetaboly and holometaboly, which derives from the former. Hemimetabolan nymphs are similar to the adult, whereas in holometabolans embryogenesis produces a larva that differs from the adult, being vermiform in extreme cases. The embryo of the hemimetabolan Blattella germanica expresses the gene E93 at high levels. In all insects, E93 triggers adult morphogenesis in the last juvenile stage, but in B. germanica, E93 is also crucial for embryogenesis. Intriguingly, E93 expression is high in the embryo of hemimetabolans, but very low in holometabolans. We hypothesize that E93 determines the nymphal genetic program, and that the reduction of embryonic E93 expression has been instrumental for the formation of the larva and the evolution of holometabolan metamorphosis.
The phenomenology of auditory verbal hallucinations in bipolar disorder

Abstract Objectives At least one in four persons with bipolar disorder (BD) are estimated to have experienced auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) or heard voices at some point. Yet few studies have investigated AVH in detail in this population. This preliminary study examined the phenomenology of AVH in BD to identify commonalities and differences relative to other psychiatric disorders where AVH are commonly reported. Method Twenty‐one participants diagnosed with BD were recruited across two international sites in the UK and Australia. All participants underwent a structured clinical interview to verify psychiatric diagnosis and completed standardised measures of symptomatology, including mood states. Phenomenological information of AVH was gathered using select questions from the comprehensive Mental Health Research Institute Unusual Perceptual Schedule (MUPS). Results AVH experienced by this BD sample were broadly similar in form and content to characterisations reported in the schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) in prior literature, with some exceptions including frequency, duration and the changeability of tone and content. Conclusions The study highlights possibly subtle differences in the experience of AVH in BD, including the potential influence of mood congruence as a pertinent clinical feature. Further research into these differences might inform adaptations to existing AVH interventions to ensure they are relevant for BD.
The Chemical Evolution of Cool White Dwarfs and the Age of the Local Galactic Disk

Photometric and spectroscopic observations of 110 cool white dwarf stars are presented and analyzed with state-of-the-art model atmosphere calculations appropriate for cool white dwarfs with pure hydrogen and pure helium, as well as mixed H/He compositions. High signal-to-noise spectroscopy reveals the presence of Hα in 20 white dwarfs previously classified as DC stars, four of which are magnetic. Cool white dwarfs are shown to form a narrow sequence in both color-color and color-magnitude diagrams, with little evidence for separation between hydrogen- and helium-rich compositions in these diagrams. The observed energy distributions are obtained from a combination of both optical BVRI and infrared JHK photometric data and used to derive both the effective temperature and the atmospheric composition of each star. Stellar masses are also obtained for 60 white dwarfs with known trigonometric parallaxes. Some discrepancies between the observed energy distributions and those predicted by the model atmospheres are described. In particular, evidence for the presence of a UV opacity source in the coolest hydrogen-rich white dwarfs is interpreted in terms of a pseudo continuum opacity originating from the Lyman edge. The simultaneous analysis of the photometric and spectroscopic observations provides a detailed picture of the chemical composition of cool white dwarfs. Most cool white dwarfs have energy distributions that are well reproduced by either pure hydrogen or pure helium models, with little evidence for objects with mixed atmospheric compositions. We identify a peculiar class of non-DA star with Teff > 6000 K whose energy distributions are well reproduced by pure hydrogen models but whose spectra do not show Hα. Our results reveal an inhomogeneous temperature distribution of hydrogen- and helium-rich white dwarfs, and in particular the presence of a non-DA gap in the range 5000 ≲ Teff ≲ 6000 K. The chemical evolution of cool white dwarfs is discussed at length with respect to our findings. We show that no known physical mechanisms (e.g., convective mixing, convective dredge-up, accretion from the interstellar medium) can account for the temperature distribution of hydrogen- and helium-rich white dwarfs. Possible new mechanisms that could explain our results are presented. We propose a mechanism by which hydrogen is accreted onto the surface of helium-rich white dwarfs while remaining spectroscopically invisible. Observational evidence that supports our hypothesis is discussed. Lower limits for the age of the local Galactic disk are obtained by determining the age of the oldest white dwarfs in our sample. Ages in the range 6.5-10 Gyr are derived from evolutionary models with various core compositions and helium envelope masses.
Factors associated with suffering from domestic violence in the last half year of the pandemic in Honduras- Central America.

Introduction: Mental health deterioration had already been reported prior to the pandemic, resulting in domestic violence, but this has not yet been reported in the pandemic in Central America. Objective: To determine the factors associated with the occurrence of domestic violence in the last half year of the pandemic in Honduras. Methodology: Analytical and retrospective cross-sectional study, carried out through a survey in 17 departments of Honduras, in hospitals and first level health care centers. The main variable was obtained through the question "if you suffered domestic violence in the last 6 months", being the possible answer verbal, physical, psychological. Descriptive and analytical results were obtained. Results: Of the 8442 Hondurans surveyed, 4.2% (352) perceived verbal violence, 1.9% (165) physical violence and 1.3% (113) psychological violence. In the multivariate analysis, it was found that women (p=0.001), those with a history of alcohol (p=0.002) or drug use (p=0.015), previous mental illness (p<0.001), mild (p<0.001), moderate (p<0.001) or severe (p=0.025) depression (p<0.001) had experienced more domestic violence; On the contrary, there was less perception of domestic violence at higher economic income (all p-values were <0.029), among single (p=0.003) and married people (p<0.001). Discussion: Important factors were found to be associated with suffering from violence, especially social factors and a history of mental illness, as well as alcohol and drug use in the home
Codes, graphs and graph based codes

This work is concerned with codes, graphs and their links. Graph based codes have recently become very prominent in both information theory literature and practical applications. While most research has centered around their performance under iterative decoding, another line of study has focused on more combinatorial aspects such as their weight distribution. This is the angle we explore in the first part of this thesis, investigating the trade-off between rate and relative distance. More precisely, we show, using a probabilistic argument, that there exist graph-based codes approaching the asymptotic Gilbert-Varshamov bound, and that are encodable in time O(n1+e) for any e > 0, where n is the block length. The second part is concerned with more practical issues, more specifically the erasure channel. Although the codes mentioned above have been shown to perform very well in this setting, this nonetheless requires their lengths to be quite large. When short blocks are required, certain algebraic constructions become viable solutions. In particular Reed-Solomon (RS-) codes are used in a wide range of applications. However, there do not appear to be any practical uses of the more general Algebraic-Geometric (AG-) codes, despite numerous advantages. We explore in this work the use of very short AG-codes for transmissions over the erasure channel. We present their advantages over RS-codes in terms of the encoder/decoder running times, and evaluate the drawbacks by designing an efficient algorithm for computing the error probabilities of AG-codes. The work was done as part of an industrial collaboration with specific transmission problems in mind, and we include some practical data to illustrate the theoretical improvements. Graphs and codes can be related in different ways, and a graph being a good expander often yields a code with certain desirable properties. In the third part we deal with graph products and their expansion properties. Just as the derandomized squaring operation essentially takes the square of a graph and removes some edges according to a second graph, we introduce the derandomized tensoring operation which removes edges from the tensor product of two graphs according to a third graph. We obtain a bound on the expansion of the product in terms of the expansions of the constituent graphs. We also apply the same ideas to a code product, leading to the derandomized code concatenation operation and its analysis.
Forest Biomass Estimation Based on Remote Sensing Method

Using the Landsat 5 TM images in 2002 as source data, the paper constructed individual tree biomass models of seven principal species based on the data from field surveying and fixed Plots in Tahe and Amur forest Region in Daxiangan Mountains. The remote sensing biomass model between TM images and data from forest fixed Plots was developed by the methods of multiple linear regression and BP neutral net. The result showed that R in multiple linear regression model was 0.764 and the model passed the F test, D-W test and multi-collinearity test. In the independent sample estimation, the neutral net model with the precision of 91.25% was significantly higher than multiple linear regression model with the precision of 81.02%. Although the “black-box” neutral net model could not give the concrete analytical equation, this kind of model with high precision might be applied to estimate the forest biomass in large level forest biomass.
Molecular interaction of a putative inhibitor with bacterial SHV, an enzyme associated with antibiotic resistance

Tackling the ever-looming threat of antibiotic resistance remains a challenge for clinicians and microbiologists across the globe. Sulfhydryl variable (SHV) is a known bacterial enzyme associated with antibiotic resistance. The SHV enzyme has many variants. The present article describes identification and molecular interaction of a putative inhibitor with the bacterial SHV enzyme as a step towards novel antibacterial drug discovery. The MCULE-platform was used for screening a collection of 5 000 000 ligand molecules to evaluate their binding potential to the bacterial SHV-1 enzyme. Estimation of pharmacokinetic features was realized with the aid of the ‘SWISS ADME’ tool. Toxicity-checks were also performed. The docked complex of ‘the top screened out ligand’ and ‘the bacterial SHV-1 protein’ was subjected to molecular dynamics simulation of 101 ns. The obtained ligand molecule, 1,1'-(4H,8H-Bis[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b:3′,4'-e]pyrazine-4,8-diyl)diethanone, displayed the most favourable binding interactions with bacterial SHV-1. A total of 15 amino acid residues were found to hold the ligand in the binding site of SHV-1. Noticeably, 12 of the 15 residues were found as common to the binding residues of the reference (PDB ID: 4ZAM). The RMSD values plotted against the simulation time showed that nearby 11 ns, equilibrium was reached and, thenceforth, the ‘SHV-1-Top ligand’ complex remained typically stable. Starting from around 11 ns and straight to 101 ns, the backbone RMSD fluctuations were found to be confined inside a range of 1.0–1.6 Å. The ligand, 1,1′-(4H,8H-Bis[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b:3′,4′-e]pyrazine-4,8-diyl)diethanone, satisfied ADMET criteria. Furthermore, the practicability of the described ‘SHV-1-Top ligand’ complex was reinforced by a comprehensive molecular dynamics simulation of 101 ns. This ligand hence can be considered a promising lead for antibiotic design against SHV-1 producing resistant bacteria, and thus warrants wet laboratory evaluation.
A highly active mineral-based ice nucleating agent supports in situ cell cryopreservation in a high throughput format

Cryopreservation of biological matter in microlitre scale volumes of liquid would be useful for a range of applications. At present, it is challenging because small volumes of water tend to supercool, and deep supercooling is known to lead to poor post-thaw cell viability. Here, we show that a mineral ice nucleator can almost eliminate supercooling in 100 µl liquid volumes during cryopreservation. This strategy of eliminating supercooling greatly enhances cell viability relative to cryopreservation protocols with uncontrolled ice nucleation. Using infrared thermography, we demonstrate a direct relationship between the extent of supercooling and post-thaw cell viability. Using a mineral nucleator delivery system, we open the door to the routine cryopreservation of mammalian cells in multiwell plates for applications such as high throughput toxicology testing of pharmaceutical products and regenerative medicine.
Queens control caste allocation in the ant Cardiocondyla obscurior

Social insect queens and workers can engage in conflict over reproductive allocation when they have different fitness optima. Here, we show that queens have control over queen-worker caste allocation in the ant Cardiocondyla obscurior, a species in which workers lack reproductive organs. We describe crystalline deposits that distinguish castes from the egg stage onwards, providing the first report of a discrete trait that can be used to identify ant caste throughout pre-imaginal development. The comparison of queen and worker-destined eggs and larvae revealed size and weight differences in late development, but no discernible differences in traits that may be used in social interactions, including hair morphology and cuticular odours. In line with a lack of caste-specific traits, adult workers treated developing queens and workers indiscriminately. Together with previous studies demonstrating queen control over sex allocation, these results show that queens control reproductive allocation in C. obscurior and suggest that the fitness interests of colony members are aligned to optimize resource allocation in this ant.