Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancing self-esteem in the classroom

WHAT IS SELF-ESTEEM? Clarifying the Terminology How Self-Esteem Operates The Self-Esteem Hierarchy The Evidence for Self-Esteem Enhancement THE ROLE OF THE SELF-CONCEPT IN SELF-ESTEEM ENHANCEMENT Misapprehension over the Nature of Self-Esteem Can Children Have Too Much Self-Esteem? The Child with the Undeveloped Self-Image The Child with the Weak Ideal Self SELF-ESTEEM AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Origins of Differences Children's Reactions to Differences Physical Differences Specific Learning Difficulties Hearing Difficulties Visual Difficulties General Learning Difficulty Gender Differences Different Ethnic Groups SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCES ON THE SELF-CONCEPT Parental Influences Changes in Family Structure Peer and Sibling Influences Failure Experiences Media Influences Adolescence Cultural Identity Other Crises ASSESSING SELF-ESTEEM Measuring Self-Esteem Behavioural Checklist The Lawrence Self-Esteem Questionnaire (the Lawseq) Other Methods of Assessment ENHANCING SELF-ESTEEM WHILST TEACHING Desirable Personal Qualities Teacher Self-Esteem Communication Teacher's Preferred Teaching Style Expectancy Effects Everyday Contacts SMALL GROUP ACTIVITIES TO ENHANCE SELF-ESTEEM Aims and Rationale Introducing the Activities Trust Activities Recognizing and Describing Emotions Expression of Emotions Positive Feedback Taking Risks WHOLE SCHOOL AND WHOLE-CLASS APPROACHES TO ENHANCING SELF-ESTEEM Whole School Approaches Curriculum Activities Developing Internal Locus of Control Active Tutorial Work Developing Critical Thinking Skills Developing a Self-Image Respect for Individual Differences Bullying Cooperative Behaviour Assertive Behaviour Conflict Resolution Teaching Relaxation Setting Goals INDIVIDUAL PROGRAMME FOR ENHANCING SELF-ESTEEM Rationale Who Should Conduct the Programme? Using Non-Professionals Selecting the Child Seeking Parental Permission The Status of the Programme Provider and the Setting Introducing the Sessions to the Child Principles of the Programme Terminating the Programme A Ten-Week Programme Peer Support and Befriending Programmes CHALLENGING BEHAVIOUR The Disruptive Child Defence Mechanisms against Low Self-Esteem Seeking the Positive Features in the Child SELF-ESTEEM AND READING DIFFICULTIES Research Findings Selecting Appropriate Treatment for Reading Programmes The Maintenance of Reading Gains in the Long Term The Effects of Therapeutic Intervention on Dyslexic Students THE TEACHER'S SELF-ESTEEM The Hedonistic Philosophy Changing Emotions by Changing Thinking Self-Acceptance Challengin Parents as a Threat to Self-Esteem Have Fun Maintaining Self-Esteem as a Manager Self-Esteem and Teacher Stress
Prevalence of hearing impairment by gender and audiometric configuration: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2004) and the Keokuk County Rural Health Study (1994-1998).

PURPOSE This study describes the most common audiometric configurations and the prevalence of these configurations among adults (ages 20 to 69) in the noninstitutionalized population of the United States and in a sample of residents of a rural county in Iowa. RESEARCH DESIGN This was a cross-sectional population-based study. STUDY SAMPLE Estimates generalizing to the noninstitutionalized population of the United States were based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data collected from 2819 women and 2525 men between 1999 and 2004. Estimates from the rural county were based on Keokuk County Rural Health Study (KCRHS) data collected from 892 women and 750 men between 1994 and 1998. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Cluster analyses (kappa-means) were used to divide participants into groups including maximally similar bilateral air conduction audiograms. Separate cluster analyses were conducted for each gender. For NHANES data, prevalence and error estimates were obtained using sample weights intended to provide data generalizing to the noninstitutionalized population of the United States within this age range. RESULTS The hierarchical structure of audiometric configurations revealed that approximately 25% of women and 50% of men aged 20 to 69 in the noninstitutionalized population of the United States were best described by a configuration consistent with a marked hearing impairment in at least one frequency. Hearing impairments were more common among participants in the KCRHS. Gently sloping configurations of hearing impairment were dominant among women, while configurations featuring a greater slope were dominant among men. There was a greater variety of audiometric configurations in men than women. CONCLUSIONS In addition to their descriptive value, these data can be used to inform future studies of risk factors and progression of hearing loss, and to improve the generalizability of studies involving rehabilitative options for people with hearing impairment.
Metaheuristic strategies for solving the Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch with discrete variables

Optimal power flow (OPF) is a classical nonlinear, large-scale, non-convex problem. It is used as a tool to determine the optimal operating point of the electric power system, improving its performance. Usually its resolution complexity is rather increased in the presence of discrete control variables, which poses as a challenge for the application of general classical non-linear optimization algorithms. In this paper, the Evolutionary Particle Swarm Metaheuristic algorithm that combines features of classical optimization methods and non-deterministic methods is proposed to solve a specific class of OPF problems, the Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch with discrete control variables such as in-phase transformer taps. Two strategies have been used to initialize the control variables. In order to validate the proposed method, tests have been performed on IEEE 14, 30, 57, 118 and 300 bus systems.
Short-Term Complexity of Cardiac Autonomic Control during Sleep: REM as a Potential Risk Factor for Cardiovascular System in Aging

INTRODUCTION Sleep is a complex phenomenon characterized by important modifications throughout life and by changes of autonomic cardiovascular control. Aging is associated with a reduction of the overall heart rate variability (HRV) and a decrease of complexity of autonomic cardiac regulation. The aim of our study was to evaluate the HRV complexity using two entropy-derived measures, Shannon Entropy (SE) and Corrected Conditional Entropy (CCE), during sleep in young and older subjects. METHODS A polysomnographic study was performed in 12 healthy young (21.1±0.8 years) and 12 healthy older subjects (64.9±1.9 years). After the sleep scoring, heart period time series were divided into wake (W), Stage 1-2 (S1-2), Stage 3-4 (S3-4) and REM. Two complexity indexes were assessed: SE(3) measuring the complexity of a distribution of 3-beat patterns (SE(3) is higher when all the patterns are identically distributed and it is lower when some patterns are more likely) and CCE(min) measuring the minimum amount of information that cannot be derived from the knowledge of previous values. RESULTS Across the different sleep stages, young subjects had similar RR interval, total variance, SE(3) and CCE(min). In the older group, SE(3) and CCE(min) were reduced during REM sleep compared to S1-2, S3-4 and W. Compared to young subjects, during W and sleep the older subjects showed a lower RR interval and reduced total variance as well as a significant reduction of SE(3) and CCE(min). This decrease of entropy measures was more evident during REM sleep. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that aging is characterized by a reduction of entropy indices of cardiovascular variability during wake/sleep cycle, more evident during REM sleep. We conclude that during aging REM sleep is associated with a simplification of cardiac control mechanisms that could lead to an impaired ability of the cardiovascular system to react to cardiovascular adverse events.
Adverse social factors predict early ageing in middle-aged men and women: the Ebeltoft Health Study, Denmark

Aims: This study examined whether adverse social factors are associated with an increased rate of biological ageing in middle-aged subjects. Methods: The authors investigated five markers of biological ageing in 690 subjects followed for five years in Ebeltoft, Denmark. Mean age at baseline was 40 years (range 30 - 50 years). These markers included repeated measures of pulse pressure, lung function, hearing, physical work capacity and a cardiovascular risk score. A z-score was calculated based on a factor analysis of the five markers used. The relative biological age was finally calculated in relation to chronological age in subgroups of different social class (occupation, educational level) and marital status, at baseline and after follow-up. Results: Men and women from a higher social class appeared to be biologically younger than corresponding subjects from a lower social class (p<0.001). This difference was still evident after 5 years of follow-up (p<0.01) for men and women of different occupations and for women of different educational levels (p<0.01). Married/cohabiting men were biologically younger than single men and this difference increased during the follow-up period in that the difference between groups at five-year follow-up was significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: Middle-aged men and women from a higher social class showed signs of being biologically younger than their corresponding chronological age, while the opposite was found for men and women of lower social class. This discrepancy was still evident after five years of follow-up, and even tended to increase for single men. Differential ageing may thus be an important biological aspect of differences in health according to social class.
Challenging implicit and explicit alcohol-related cognitions in young heavy drinkers.

AIMS To test whether an expectancy challenge (EC) changes implicit and explicit alcohol-related cognitions and binge drinking in young heavy drinkers. This is important for theoretical and practical reasons: the EC presents a critical test for the hypothesized mediational role of alcohol cognitions and the EC has been presented as a promising intervention to counter alcohol problems in heavy drinking youth. SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION: Ninety-two heavy drinking college and university students (half women) were assigned randomly to the EC or control condition (a sham alcohol experiment in the same bar-laboratory). MEASUREMENTS Explicit alcohol cognitions and alcohol use were assessed with paper-and-pencil measures. Alcohol use was assessed prior to the experiment and during a 1-month follow-up. Implicit alcohol-related cognitions were assessed with two versions of the Implicit Association Test (IAT), adapted to assess implicit valence and arousal associations with alcohol. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS The EC resulted in decreased explicit positive arousal expectancies in men and women alike. There was some evidence for a differential reduction in implicit arousal associations, but findings depended on the version of the IAT and on the scoring-algorithm used. In men (but not in women) there was a short-lived differential reduction in prospective alcohol use (significant in week 3 of the follow-up), and this reduction was partially mediated by the decrease in explicit positive arousal expectancies. These findings suggest that an EC successfully changes explicit alcohol cognitions and that this may have short-lived beneficial effects in heavy drinking young men.
Randomly coloring planar graphs with fewer colors than the maximum degree

We study Markov chains for randomly sampling k‐colorings of a graph with maximum degree Δ. Our main result is a polynomial upper bound on the mixing time of the single‐site update chain known as the Glauber dynamics for planar graphs when k=Ω(Δ/logΔ) . Our results can be partially extended to the more general case where the maximum eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of the graph is at most Δ1−ϵ , for fixed ϵ>0 .
Rich Linguistic Features for Translation Memory-Inspired Consistent Translation

We improve translation memory (TM)inspired consistent phrase-based statistical machine translation (PB-SMT) using rich linguistic information including lexical, part-of-speech, dependency, and semantic role features to predict whether a TM-derived sub-segment should constrain PB-SMT translation. Besides better translation consistency, for English-to-Chinese Symantec TMs we report a 1.01 BLEU point improvement over a regular state-of-the-art PB-SMT system, and a 0.45 BLEU point improvement over a TM-constrained PB-SMT system without access to rich linguistic information, both statistically significant (p < 0.01). We analyze the system output and summarize the benefits of using linguistic annotations to characterise the nature of translation consistency.
Evidence Matters: Science, Proof, and Truth in the Law

Susan Haack, an Englishwoman who studied philosophy at both Oxford and Cambridge, and who now teaches it at the University of Miami, has produced this book on the philosophy of law or, more strictly, on the philosophy behind the tasks that law assigns to its finders of fact. Some of her key points are negative. For example, Haack argues that the mathematics of probability doesn’t shed any light on the law’s standards of proof, but rather threatens to obscure them. She also contends that the reliability of scientific testimony is not to be understood in Popperian (falsificationist) terms, although its reliability might be advancing at present due to a sort of roughand-ready “shadow Popper” who seems to have appeared or evolved by lucky accident. We’ll take these points in that order.
Towards a Globalization of Aging

This article locates an understanding of comparative grounding of aging through the theory of globalization. It reviews the trends of aging in various countries across the continents and points out important policy issues facing nation states with decreasing sovereignty in the face of various challenges brought about by globalization. The need to reconsider theorizing aging by exploring and integrating theories of globalization is highlighted.
A RESERVOIR OF UNDERSTANDING

The article demonstrates that history is not only a legitimate but a necessary field of reporting which is becoming more and more important for journalism if the profession is to survive the challenges to its continuance from changes caused by the digital upheaval. There are five steps in argumentation: the first reconstructs the present transformation of journalism from the news function to the orientation function and identifies history as a reservoir of potential knowledge which enables an orientation in the present. This can be done by observing the present as a contrast to the past (critical mode), by looking out for similarities between the present and the past (analogical mode) or by reconstructing the present as something which has developed from the past (genetic mode). The following paragraphs concentrate on each of these three possible modes in which journalists can connect historical material to the present and thus do justice to the rules of topicality. This is demonstrated by examples of how the National Socialist past is and can be treated. The fifth step asks if journalists should trust themselves to interpret historical events. Here, it should not be forgotten that the choice of facts already implies an interpretation.
Detecting cortical cerebral microinfarcts in 7.0 T MR images

Known as “the invisible lesion”, cerebral microinfarcts have been attracting increased attention because of their key role in cognitive decline and dementia. Recently, cerebral microinfarcts have been visualized for the first time in vivo on high resolution 7.0 T MR images. The detection and scoring of microinfarcts requires extensive manual evaluation, is very time-consuming, and highly observer dependent. The goal of this proof of principle study is to introduce a novel technique for the semi-automated detection of microinfarcts. A high sensitivity was required, while limiting the number of false positives that need to be removed afterwards by a human observer.
Research of active vibration control optimal disposition based on MIGA and NSGA-II

In this paper, researched the algorithmic mechanism of MIGA and NSGA-II deeply. Based on structure vibration energy and system control energy as multi-objective optimization functions of the structure vibration system, set up the optimal disposition mathematical model which referred to the system control gain and the sensors and actuators placements, quantities, lengths of the active vibration control system, adopted Fast and Elitist Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) as multi-objective optimization policy, at the same time, based on the reserve energy as single-objective optimization function and Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm (MIGA) as single-objective optimization policy, simulating experimented with a cantilever beam as an example, the results were accordant to each other. Hence, the validity and feasibility of the methods were validated.
High-speed optical interconnects with 850nm VCSELS and advanced modulation formats

We present our recent work on high-speed optical interconnects with advanced modulation formats and directly modulated 850 nm VCSELs. Data transmission at nearly 100 Gbps was achieved with 4-PAM. Forward error correction, equalization and preemphasis are also explored. The system aspects of the advanced modulation formats and their impact on the VCSEL requirements are discussed. Requirements on the optical output power, frequency response and the relative intensity noise are discussed. Finally, co-optimization of the VCSELs and VCSEL driver amplifiers in CMOS and InP technologies is discussed.
A IMPORTÂNCIA PERCEBIDA E AS INTENÇÕES DE ENVOLVIMENTO COM A GESTÃO SOCIAL: UMA ANÁLISE JUNTO A ESTUDANTES DE CURSOS DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Business and Administration student’s perspective on the area of social management. It was developed a literature review, having been determined that the analysis would be on the perceived importance of social management, and in the interest of future involvement with the area. A field study was made with data collected from 258 students of higher education institutions in the city of Fortaleza. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (means and frequencies), exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). After preliminary analysis, the perceived importance was divided into two constructs: the need of the area in the course, the practical knowledge importance in the area. It was mainly that: I - students attach great importance to the practice of social management, but realize one need only moderate progress in the area of course, II - they showed little interest in getting involved in future with the company management, III - comparatively, women show greater perceived importance and more involvement interest than men. Key-Words: Education; Social Management; Business and Administration.
ZAUFANIE I NIEUFNOŚĆ W PODEJMOWANIU DECYZJI

Trust has been one of the most discussed topics in research on decision-making processes in organizations since early 1990s. the notion of distrust, however, has been rarely investigated. Authors of this text analyze existing literature looking for possible conceptualizations of both trust and distrust and they highlight possible sources of this imbalance in the debate. They also argue, basing on some empirical research, that distrust should be positioned as an autonomous research problem and that its dominant concept - as a mirrorimage of trust – should be finally questioned.
Desiccation Tolerance in Bryophytes: A Reflection of the Primitive Strategy for Plant Survival in Dehydrating Habitats?1

Abstract Bryophytes are a non-monophyletic group of three major lineages (liverworts, hornworts, and mosses) that descend from the earliest branching events in the phylogeny of land plants. We postulate that desiccation tolerance is a primitive trait, thus mechanisms by which the first land plants achieved tolerance may be reflected in how extant desiccation-tolerant bryophytes survive drying. Evidence is consistent with extant bryophytes employing a tolerance strategy of constitutive cellular protection coupled with induction of a recovery/repair mechanism upon rehydration. Cellular structures appear intact in the desiccated state but are disrupted by rapid uptake of water upon rehydration, but cellular integrity is rapidly regained. The photosynthetic machinery appears to be protected such that photosynthetic activity recovers quickly. Gene expression responds following rehydration and not during drying. Gene expression is translationally controlled and results in the synthesis of a number of proteins, collectively called rehydrins. Some prominent rehydrins are similar to Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins, classically ascribed a protection function during desiccation. The role of LEA proteins in a rehydrating system is unknown but data indicates a function in stabilization and reconstitution of membranes. Phylogenetic studies using a Tortula ruralis LEA-like rehydrin led to a re-examination of the evolution of desiccation tolerance. A new phylogenetic analysis suggests that: (i) the basic mechanisms of tolerance seen in modern day bryophytes have changed little from the earliest manifestations of desiccation tolerance in land plants, and (ii) vegetative desiccation tolerance in the early land plants may have evolved from a mechanism present first in spores.
Intake , digestibility , and performance of steers fed diets based on two corn silage hybrids and two concentrate levels

A trial involving a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments was conducted to evaluate two corn silage hybrids (Agromen, AGN35-A42) and (Bayer, A3663) and concentrate levels (25 and 50%) on animal performance. Twenty-four Holstein x Zebu crossbred steers, averaging 335±30kg of BW, were distributed in six randomized blocks to evaluate intake, digestibility, and performance. Treatments consisted of 75% corn silage A + 25% concentrate, 50% corn silage A + 50% concentrate, 75% corn silage B + 25% concentrate, and 50% corn silage B + 50% concentrate (dry matter basis); formulated to be isonitrogenous (13% crude protein, dry matter basis). There were no differences in the daily intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and crude protein. Additionally, there was a concentrate effect on non-fiber carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients intakes, and on total apparent digestibility of DM and OM, with higher intakes for steers fed diets with 50% of concentrate. However, average daily gain (ADG) was not influenced by treatments. The utilization of both corn silage hybrids in association with 25% of concentrate is a good option to feed crossbred steers with ADG close to 1.0kg in order to reduce diet cost.