Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimizing MPI Alltoall Communication of Large Messages in Multicore Clusters

MPI All to all communication is widely used in many high performance computing (HPC) applications. In All to all communication, each process sends a distinct message to all other participating processes. In multicore clusters, processes within a node simultaneously contend for the same network resource of the node in All to all communication. However, many small synchronization messages are required in All to all communication of large messages. With the contention, their latency is orders of magnitude larger than that without contention. As a result, the synchronization overhead is significantly increased and accounts for a large proportion to the whole latency of All to all communication. In this paper, we analyse the considerable overhead of synchronization messages. Base on the analysis, an optimization is presented to reduce the number of synchronization messages from 3N to 2¡ÌN. Evaluations on a 240-core cluster show that the performance is improved by almost constant ratio, which is mainly determined by message size and independent of system scale. The performance of All to all communication is improved by 25% for 32K and 64K bytes messages. For FFT application, performance is improved by 20%.
Attribute Mining for Scalable 3D Human Action Recognition

With the development of depth sensor, skeletal human action recognition from 3D video is paving the way for many practical applications. For most applications, scalable action recognition is desired to identify novel actions without rebuilding the system. To address this problem, a potential solution is to identify those intrinsic attributes which are semantic-aware and shared among known and novel actions. With such motivation, in this paper, we propose an attribute-based skeletal action recognition and explore the scalable action recognition. We first present a new skeletal feature with the representations of static pose and motion of human skeleton to support a comprehensive action attribute space. Then, a novel action attribute mining method is proposed to discover action attributes for each bone pair across action classes. Finally, we accomplish action recognition based on those mined attributes. Extensive experiments on MSRAction3D and UTKinect-Action demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our attribute-based action recognition approach over the existing methods.
13 Flexible Modeling Support Environments

The introduction laid out the theme of this book—it is about modeling and simulation to support " virtual build and test " of Systems of Systems (SoS). Constructing a computer model and testing the design of a configuration of components before implementing it in reality is increasingly the only workable approach to creating a SoS. The focus of Parts I and II was to elucidate the concepts underlying the approach to " virtual build and test " based on DEVS methodology in the context of the MS4 Modeling Environment. As we begin Part III, we now take a broader look at DEVS methodology and support environments from a number of different perspectives. In this chapter, we discuss a design environment that supports implementation of a novel architecture for systems of fractionated satellites—these are satellites that are composed from modular components. Although framed as applying to fraction-ated satellites, the considerations equally apply to many other types of SoS. The environment includes a comprehensive user input interface intended to elicit stake-holder objectives, values, and service requirements and a Modeling and Simulation Support Environment (MSE). As a core component of this environment, the MSE should be capable of providing simulations that evaluate spacecraft system archi-tectures in response to the requirements of diverse stakeholders such as satellite designers, communications specialists, and space experimenters. The goal of responding to the requirements of diverse stakeholders is contrasted with typical modeling and simulation (M&S) workflows conceptualized in Fig. 13.1. The workflow in Fig. 13.1(a) is that of a sequential waterfall process like that discussed in Chap. 3. It has phases such as conceptualization, design, implementation and testing together with the possibility of iterations that return the flow through earlier phases of the process. In contrast, the concept illustrated in Fig. 13.1(b) envisions a flexible system architecture that supports a wide variety of stakeholders who may be taking different paths through the environment. Fig. 13.1 Accommodating diverse stakeholders in a flexible MSE Fig. 13.2 Another formulation relating to developing training simulators as different pipelines of services may be appropriate. This expanded approach conforms better to a theory-based methodology for developing simulation models of complex systems (Aumann 2007). The key to achieving this flexibility is to provide an appropriate classification of stakeholders that places users with similar paths in the same equivalence class. In the following, we evolve from a structured workflow such as in Fig. 13.1(a) to flexible …
Inference of regular languages using model simplicity

We describe an approach that is related to a number of existing algorithms for the inference of a regular language from a set of positive (and optionally also negative) examples. Variations on this approach provide a family of algorithms that attempt to minimise the complexity of a description of the example data in terms of a finite state automaton model. Experiments using a standard set of small problems show that this approach produces satisfactory results when positive examples only are given, and can be helpful when only a limited number of negative examples is available. The results also suggest that improved algorithms will be needed in order to tackle more challenging problems, such as data mining and exploratory sequential analysis applications.
Mining Data Chain Graph for Fault Localization

Fault localization is a challenging task in domain specific data mining. Most existing works focus on call graph that can find bugs which are associated with control flow. However, there are a lot of bugs related to data flow. In this paper, we presented a data dependency graph in fault localization. The approach at first analyzes the execution of the test suites dynamically, then derives the data dependency graph which reflects data flow traces of any test case. Frequency subgraphs generated which are based on the analysis of these data dependency graph. At last ranking the variables that in those graphs and get the suspicious variables. We have conducted a case study use this approach. The preliminary result shows that our approach is feasible and effective.
From Management Information Systems to Business Intelligence: The Development of Management Information Needs

Despite the advances in IT, information systems intended for management informing did not uniformly fulfil the increased expectations of users; this can be said mostly about complex information needs. Although some of the technologies for supporting complicated insights, like management decision support systems and technologies, experienced reduction in interest both from researchers and practitioners, this did not reduce the importance of well-supported business informing and decision making. Being attributed to the group of intelligent systems and technologies, decision support (DS) technologies have been largely supplemented by business intelligence (BI) technologies. Both types of technologies are supported by respective information technologies, which often appear to be quite closely related. The objective of this paper is to define relations between simple and complex informing intended to satisfy different sets of needs and provided by different sets of support tools. The paper attempts to put together decision support and business intelligence technologies, based on common goals of sense-making and use of advanced analytical tools. A model of two interconnected cycles has been developed to relate the activities of decision support and business intelligence. Empirical data from earlier research is used to direct possible further insights into this area.
An Initiative towards Open Network-on-Chip Benchmarks

Measuring and comparing performance, cost, and other features of advanced communication architectures for complex multi core/multiprocessor systems on chip is a significant challenge which has hardly been addressed so far. This document outlines the top-level view on a system of benchmarks for Networks on Chip (NoC), which intends to cover a wide spectrum of NoC design aspects, from application modeling to performance evaluation and post-manufacturing test and reliability. For performance benchmarking it describes requirements and features for application programs, synthetic micro-benchmarks, and abstract benchmark applications. Then, it proposes ways to measure and benchmark reliability, fault tolerance and testability of the on-chip communication fabric. This paper introduces the main concepts and ideas for benchmarking NoCs in a systematic and comparable way. It will be followed up by a report that will define a benchmark framework and the syntax of interfaces for benchmark programs that will allow the community to build-up a benchmark suite.
A bi-directional AC-DC converter for electric vehicle with no electrolytic capacitor

An isolated single-stage bi-directional AC-DC converter with no electrolytic capacitor for electric vehicle battery charger application is proposed. The topology utilizes a single-stage series resonant dual Half-bridge AC-DC converter to transfer the power and an active-shunt filter on the DC-side to absorb the 100/120Hz current ripple and prevent it from going to the battery. Diverting the low frequency ripple to the active filter prevents extra heat production in the battery and increases of the lifespan of the battery. Also film capacitors, instead of electrolytic capacitors with a lower lifetime, can be used on the DC-side filter. The reliability of the system is increased by not using an electrolytic capacitor in the circuit. To control the circuit for a wide range of power and power angle under soft switching, a four-part controller is proposed. The controller obtains ZVS for all the active switches while it optimizes the performance of the system in terms of conduction losses. ZVS operation of the circuit, enables the switching frequency to increase without increasing the switching losses. Increased switching frequency will result in smaller reactive components and smaller transformer size. The proposed controller obtains the best performance from the circuit. Simulation results with PSIM and experimental results to verify the theory have been carried out.
Gonadal hormones influence core body temperature during calorie restriction

ABSTRACT During calorie restriction (CR), endotherms adjust several physiological processes including the decrease of core body temperature (Tb) and reduction of energy expenditure. We recently found that CR-induced hypothermia is regulated in a sex-dependent manner in mice with lowered central insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling. Here, we describe the contribution of sex hormones to CR-induced hypothermia in wild type C57BL6 mice by measuring Tb of female and male mice following bilateral gonadectomy and hormonal replacement. Specifically, we evaluated the effects of progesterone (P4), 17-ß estradiol (E2), a combination of both (P4 + E2) in females and of 5-α dihydrotestosterone (5-α DHT) in males. Gonadectomy resulted in an earlier and stronger CR-induced hypothermia in both sexes. These effects were fully antagonized in females by E2 replacement, but not by P4, which had only minor and partial effects when used alone and did not prevent the action of E2 during CR when both hormones were given in combination. 5-α-DHT had only minor and transient effects on preventing the reduction of Tb during CR on gonadectomized male mice. These findings indicate that gonadal hormones contribute to sex-specific regulation of Tb and energy expenditure when nutrient availability is scarce. Abbreviations: AL: ad libitum; ANOVA: analysis of variance; CR: calorie restriction; E2: 17-ß estradiol; GNX: gonadectomy or gonadectomized; IGF-1R: insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor; POA: preoptic area; P4: progesterone; RM: repeated measures; SD: standard deviation; SEM: standard error of mean; Tb: core body temperature; WT: wildtype; 5-α DHT: 5-α dihydrotestosterone.
Low effectiveness of syndromic treatment services for curable sexually transmitted infections in rural South Africa

Objectives: Syndromic sexually transmitted infection (STI) treatment remains a cost-saving HIV prevention intervention in many countries in Africa. We estimate the effectiveness of syndromic treatment for curable STIs in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and the trend in STI prevalences before and after the introduction of syndromic treatment in 1995. Methods: Data were available from various clinical studies, surveys of public and private health providers, the general population and women attending antenatal, family planning and child immunisation clinics in rural northern KwaZulu-Natal between 1987 and 2004. Overall effectiveness was defined as the estimated proportion of the annual number of symptomatic curable STI episodes cured by syndromic treatment based on separate estimates for six curable STI aetiologies by gender. Results: Median overall effectiveness was 13.1% (95% CI 8.9 to 17.8%) of symptomatic curable STI episodes cured. Effectiveness increased to 25.0% (95% CI 17.3 to 33.8%), 47.6% (95% CI 44.5 to 50.8%) or 14.3% (95% CI 9.9 to 19.4%) if 100% treatment seeking, 100% correct treatment provision or 100% cure were assumed, respectively. Time-trends were difficult to assess formally but there was little evidence of decreasing STI prevalences. Including incurable but treatable herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 ulcers in the effectiveness calculation would halve the proportion of ulcers cured or correctly treated, but this reduction could be entirely countered by including episodic antiviral treatment in the national guidelines. Conclusion: Overall effectiveness of syndromic treatment for curable STIs in rural KwaZulu-Natal remains low and there is little evidence of reduced curable STI prevalences. As syndromic treatment is likely to be a cost-saving HIV prevention intervention in South Africa, innovative strategies are urgently needed to increase rates of treatment seeking and correct treatment provision.
Effects of bisphenol a on dissolved organic matter fluorescence characteristics using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) modeling

The effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence spectroscope were studied in this paper. Dissolved organic matter was water-extracted from soil and plants near the Beiheng river bank of Chongming Island. The results show that BPA could significantly decrease the DOM fluorescence intensity. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) is a new and sensitive method to decompose the fluorescence matrices of DOM florescence spectroscope into different fluorescent components. In this study, two humic-like components (C1 and C2) and one protein-like component (C3) of DOM fluorescence were identified by using PARAFAC modeling. The relative decrease of components fluorescence after BPA treatment is dependent on the fraction of DOM. The protein-like fluorescent component is more active than humic-like components in the reaction of BPA and DOM. This research reveals that PARAFAC analysis is a fast and useful tool to inspect the interactions of xenobiotics and DOM fractions in water systems.
Cold-Adapted Influenza and Recombinant Adenovirus Vaccines Induce Cross-Protective Immunity against pH1N1 Challenge in Mice

Background The rapid spread of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus (pH1N1) highlighted problems associated with relying on strain-matched vaccines. A lengthy process of strain identification, manufacture, and testing is required for current strain-matched vaccines and delays vaccine availability. Vaccines inducing immunity to conserved viral proteins could be manufactured and tested in advance and provide cross-protection against novel influenza viruses until strain-matched vaccines became available. Here we test two prototype vaccines for cross-protection against the recent pandemic virus. Methodology/Principal Findings BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were intranasally immunized with a single dose of cold-adapted (ca) influenza viruses from 1977 or recombinant adenoviruses (rAd) expressing 1934 nucleoprotein (NP) and consensus matrix 2 (M2) (NP+M2-rAd). Antibodies against the M2 ectodomain (M2e) were seen in NP+M2-rAd immunized BALB/c but not C57BL/6 mice, and cross-reacted with pH1N1 M2e. The ca-immunized mice did not develop antibodies against M2e. Despite sequence differences between vaccine and challenge virus NP and M2e epitopes, extensive cross-reactivity of lung T cells with pH1N1 peptides was detected following immunization. Both ca and NP+M2-rAd immunization protected BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice against challenge with a mouse-adapted pH1N1 virus. Conclusion/Significance Cross-protective vaccines such as NP+M2-rAd and ca virus are effective against pH1N1 challenge within 3 weeks of immunization. Protection was not dependent on recognition of the highly variable external viral proteins and could be achieved with a single vaccine dose. The rAd vaccine was superior to the ca vaccine by certain measures, justifying continued investigation of this experimental vaccine even though ca vaccine is already available. This study highlights the potential for cross-protective vaccines as a public health option early in an influenza pandemic.
GIDEON (Global Investigation of therapeutic DEcisions in hepatocellular carcinoma and Of its treatment with sorafeNib): second interim analysis

GIDEON (Global Investigation of therapeutic DEcisions in hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC] and Of its treatment with sorafeNib) is a global, prospective, non‐interventional study undertaken to evaluate the safety of sorafenib in patients with unresectable HCC in real‐life practice, including Child‐Pugh B patients who were excluded from clinical trials.
MOTIVATION FOR CONSUMERS PARTICIPATING IN A SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEM

This study explores what factors motivate consumers to choose foods in a sustainable food system and how those food choices can impact both health and the environment. A survey was conducted in Lincoln, NE asking consumers who are already participating in a sustainable food system about their motivations and priorities when selecting these foods. Survey participants were asked to rank the importance of 20 different aspects of food on a 5 point scale from not at all important to extremely important. Participants were then asked to rank nine priorities in order of importance when selecting food. Results indicate that health is the major motivation for these consumers, rather than environmental or economic concerns. This research
Repeated Games , Part II : Subjective Performance Evaluation

We started this course by studying " formal " or " explicit " incentive contracts—the kind that could be enforced by a court, if necessary. Then we introduced the idea of a " relational " contract that cannot be enforced in court and so relies instead on the parties' self-interested weighing of the short-term benefits from cheating against the long-run benefits from cooperating. In this note we continue to discuss relational contracts but now focus specifically on relational incentive contracts (such as subjective bonus plans) rather than on the abstract relational contracts analyzed in Lecture Note 3. For simplicity, in this note we will assume that no formal contracts can be enforced. A more balanced view would be that formal contracts are not completely infeasible but are likely to be imperfect, in which case one should consider how to combine imperfect formal contracts with the relational contracts studied here. We will consider such combinations of relational and formal contracts in our discussion of subjective performance assessments at Brainard, Bennis, and Farrell (a fictional but illustrative law firm); for a more formal treatment, see Baker, Gibbons, and Murphy (1994). This is the last note in the Incentives part of the course, so we conclude this note by offering some summary comments and beginning a transition from Incentives to the next part of the course, on Structure. As we have argued several times in class, for most workers and managers (and even for many executives) it is extremely difficult to measure y—the dollar value of the agent's contribution to the firm. More precisely, it is extremely difficult to measure y in a way that would allow the agent's pay to be based on y through a compensation contract that could be enforced by a court, if necessary. We will describe this difficulty by saying that the agent's contribution to firm value is not objectively measurable. Even if the agent's contribution to firm value is not objectively measurable, however, it sometimes can be subjectively assessed by superiors who are well placed to observe the subtleties of the agent's behavior and opportunities. (Another phrase sometimes used to capture this distinction is that the agent's
A Design of Low Cost Head-Mounted Display Using Android Smartphone

Smartphones and tablets are the most popular devices because of lightweight, mobile and high-end computational capabilities. Android operating system based smartphones are widely used covering major portion of global smartphone shipment market. This paper proposes a new novel design of a Low Cost Head-Mounted Display (LCHMD). LCHMD is using android operating system based smartphone as a display module. The model implements an android application that is responsible to present stereoscopic 3D content over Smartphone’s screen. Since modern Virtual Reality (VR) glasses and Head-Mounted Displays are costly, proposed model is efficient terms of cost and time required to build HMD from scratch.