Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Optimal Enhanced Kalman Filter for a ZUPT-Aided Pedestrian Positioning Coupling Model

Aimed at overcoming the problems of cumulative errors and low positioning accuracy in single Inertial Navigation Systems (INS), an Optimal Enhanced Kalman Filter (OEKF) is proposed in this paper to achieve accurate positioning of pedestrians within an enclosed environment. Firstly, the errors of the inertial sensors are analyzed, modeled, and reconstructed. Secondly, the cumulative errors in attitude and velocity are corrected using the attitude fusion filtering algorithm and Zero Velocity Update algorithm (ZUPT), respectively. Then, the OEKF algorithm is described in detail. Finally, a pedestrian indoor positioning experimental platform is established to verify the performance of the proposed positioning system. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the pedestrian indoor positioning system can reach 0.243 m, giving it a high practical value.
Damped summer warming accompanied with cloud cover increase over Eurasia from 1982 to 2009

The relationship between summer temperature, total cloud cover and precipitation over Eurasia was investigated using observation-based products of temperature and precipitation, and satellite-derived cloud cover and radiation products. We used a partial least squares regression approach to separate the local influences of cloud cover and precipitation on temperature variations. Our results suggest that the variance of summer temperature is partly explained by changes in summer cloudiness. The summer temperature dependence on cloud cover is strong at the high latitudes and in the middle latitude semi-humid area, while the dependence on precipitation is strong in the Central Asia arid area and the southern Asia humid area. During the period 1982–2009, the damped warming in extended West Siberia was accompanied with increases in cloud cover, and the pronounced warming in Europe and Mongolia was associated with a decrease in cloud cover and precipitation. Our results suggest that cloud cover may be the important local factor influencing the summer temperature variation in Eurasia while precipitation plays an important role at the middle latitudes.
Corporate Social Performance, Innovation Intensity, and Financial Performance: Evidence from Lending Decisions

ABSTRACT: This study examines how loan requests for intensifying corporate social performance (CSP) activities and loan requests for increasing innovation intensity affect loan officers' credit judgments and lending decisions. In addition, the impact of a balanced loan request for both CSP and innovation intensity was examined. An experiment was designed by manipulating the purpose of a loan request from a pharmaceutical company in order to create four alternative lending scenarios: (1) a full loan request for intensifying CSP activities; (2) a full loan request for increasing innovation intensity; (3) a loan request for a balanced investment in both CSP and innovation; and (4) a general purpose loan request (control group). The findings support that CSP investment is interpreted by loan officers as an indicator of superior corporate financial performance. However, no clear positive relationship between innovation intensity and lending decisions was found. These results are consistent with the view that l.
Jobs for People and Places

Cities and regions should not compete to attract jobs, but instead should try to create them. Jobs-to-people is a strategic approach based on the valorization of local and regional assets, including the performance of firms based on their networks and local strengths, natural and created assets, and the capacity to enhance endogenous development. Taken together, these describe territorial capital. National policies and local and regional initiatives are increasingly engaged in the task of enhancing territorial capital.
Policy making at the margins: the modern politics of abortion

Scholars often argue that republican government works because elected representatives adopt policies favored by their constituents. Theoretically, this relationship is stronger with morality issues because such issues are technically simple, involve core values, and thus foster greater levels of citizen engagement. Since the U.S. Supreme Court cases of Casey and Webster, state legislatures have passed hundreds of policies that place cumulatively significant restrictions on women’s access to abortion. The increasingly conservative nature of abortion policy might indicate an increasingly conservative electorate, but public opinion on abortion has remained stable since the 1970s with most Americans favoring legal abortion with some restrictions. This is the motivating question of my dissertation—why are states increasing abortion restrictions in the absence of public demand? Previous research on abortion policy in the states has generally focused on specific policies at specific years. Studying a single policy at discrete moments in time carries an implicit assumption that the determinants of policy are constant. In order to better state abortion conservatism, I comprehensively examine the formation of state abortion policy in the different stages of policymaking, across policy types,
Application values of miR-194 and miR-29 in the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer

The object of this study was to analyze the expression of miR-194 and miR-29 in gastric cancer and their roles in the regulation of malignant phenotype of gastric cancer cells, and to explore the application value of miR-194 and miR-29 in diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer. Tumor tissue and adjacent healthy tissue of 165 gastric cancer patients diagnosed by pathologic examinations were collected. Expression of miR-194 and miR-29 in the tissues was detected by RT-PCR. The relationship between miR-194 and miR-29 expression and clinical data was analyzed. SGC7901 cells were treated with miR-194 and miR-29 mimics, respectively. Effects of miR-194 and miR-29 on proliferation and invasion of SGC7901 cells were investigated. Expression levels of miR-194 and miR-29 in tumor tissue were lower than those in adjacent tissues (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in expression level of miR-194 and miR-29 in cancer tissues derived from gastric cancer patients in different age and gender groups (P>0.05). Expression of miR-194 and miR-29 in tumor tissue was closely related to TNM stage, differentiation degree of cancer cells and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Proliferation and migration of SGC7901 cells were significantly inhibited by miR-194 mimic and miR-29 mimic transfection (P<0.05). miR-194 and miR-29 are downregulated in gastric cancer, and the expression levels of miR-194 and miR-29 were closely related to tumor differentiation and metastasis. Overexpression of miR-194 and miR-29 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer. The detection of the expression of miR-194 and miR-29 can provide basis for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer.
Evaluation of a Patient With Spinal Cord Infarction After a Hypotensive Episode

A 72-year-old man with past medical history significant for peripheral vascular disease, bilateral carotid stenosis, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and heavy tobacco use developed sudden severe chest pain and received sublingual nitroglycerin with pain resolution. The patient was able to walk to the ambulance, but on arrival in the emergency room had a systolic blood pressure of 60 mm Hg, which was thought to be secondary to nitroglycerin. He was given intravenous fluids. A few hours later, he complained of being unable to move his legs and was found to be paraplegic with urinary retention and a T4 sensory level to pain and temperature with preserved light touch, vibration, and joint position sense. Additional intravenous fluids resulted in minimal improvement. Emergent MRI of the spine was nondiagnostic, but a follow-up MRI the next day showed abnormal signal intensity within the anterior gray matter on T2-weighted images from the T2 through T5 level, with corresponding signal on diffusion weighted imaging. A computed tomography of the chest showed no aortic dissection. Cardiac telemetry and echocardiogram were unremarkable. A fasting low density lipoprotein was 120. He was treated with intravenous fluids, aspirin 81 daily, an increased statin dose, and eventually discharged to an acute rehabilitation facility. Six month later, his lower extremity strength had improved. He was able to walk 45 feet with a wheeled walker and required intermittent urinary catheterization. Acute spinal cord infarction (SCI) is uncommon, accounting for 1.2% of stroke admissions and 5% to 8% of acute myelopathies.1 The vast majority of spinal infarcts involve the anterior spinal artery (ASA) and have distinct clinical features because of sparing of the posterior columns. These patients have preserved posterior column function despite loss of pain and temperature with bilateral lower extremity weakness. Recognizing spinal cord ischemia early is critical so that the processes …
Journal of Memory and Language

land E-m (RALR) strategy applies to sentence parsing. Two self-paced reading experiments investigate this issue structural ambiguity in which a local, easy reanalysis is pitted against a nonlocal attachment requiring analysis. This ambiguity is created by embedding classic noun phrase/sentential complement ambiguities relative clause modifying a subject NP. The results of both experiments indicate that readers’ existing st commitments do constrain their subsequent parsing decisions: nonlocal analyses which avoid reanalysis sistently favored over local analyses which require an easy reanalysis. This conclusion is confirmed by th of a subcategorization-bias manipulation in Experiment 2, which shows that readers show a consisten avoid reanalysis, rather than a general bias for either local or matrix clause attachments. © 2001 Academic Press
Surface Structure Characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus Conidia Mutated in the Melanin Synthesis Pathway and Their Human Cellular Immune Response

ABSTRACT In Aspergillus fumigatus, the conidial surface contains dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-melanin. Six-clustered gene products have been identified that mediate sequential catalysis of DHN-melanin biosynthesis. Melanin thus produced is known to be a virulence factor, protecting the fungus from the host defense mechanisms. In the present study, individual deletion of the genes involved in the initial three steps of melanin biosynthesis resulted in an altered conidial surface with masked surface rodlet layer, leaky cell wall allowing the deposition of proteins on the cell surface and exposing the otherwise-masked cell wall polysaccharides at the surface. Melanin as such was immunologically inert; however, deletion mutant conidia with modified surfaces could activate human dendritic cells and the subsequent cytokine production in contrast to the wild-type conidia. Cell surface defects were rectified in the conidia mutated in downstream melanin biosynthetic pathway, and maximum immune inertness was observed upon synthesis of vermelone onward. These observations suggest that although melanin as such is an immunologically inert material, it confers virulence by facilitating proper formation of the A. fumigatus conidial surface.
Modeling the Evolution of Expectations and Uncertainty in General Equilibrium

We develop methods to solve general equilibrium models in which forward-looking agents are subject to waves of pessimism, optimism, and uncertainty that turn out to critically affect macroeconomic outcomes. Agents in the model are fully rational, conduct Bayesian learning, and they know that they do not know. Therefore, agents take into account that their beliefs will evolve according to what they will observe. This framework accommodates both gradual and abrupt changes in beliefs and allows for an analytical characterization of uncertainty. Shocks to beliefs affect economic dynamics and uncertainty. We use a prototypical Real Business Cycle to illustrate the methods.
Alternative measures of the marginal cost of funds

This article reconciles the use of two different marginal cost-of-funds (MCF) measures by resorting to alternative marginal benefit measures. It demonstrates how the alternative MCF measures can be properly applied to two classic problems in expenditure analysis: local cost-benefit project evaluation and the second-best public good level question. Relative strengths of the two MCF approaches in addressing the two problems are identified. Copyright 2000 by Oxford University Press.
Composition, Performance, Reception - Studies in the Creative Process in Music

Contents: Preface Jonathan Harvey Introduction Wyndham Thomas The Process of Composition from Detection to Confection Robert Saxton The Composer and Opera Performance Raymond Warren Composing, Arranging and Editing: A Historical Survey Wyndham Thomas A Performer's Responsibility Susan Bradshaw Freedom of Interpretation in Twentieth-Century Music Charles Rosen The Body in Performance Eric Clarke and Jane Davidson Expectation and Interpretation in the Reception of New Music: A Case Study Adrian Beaumont The Domestic Gesamtkunstwerk, or Record Sleeves and Reception Nicholas Cook Form and Forming: From Victorian Aesthetics to the Mid-twentieth-Century Avant-Garde Bojan Bujic Stravinsky and the Vicious Circle: Some Remarks about the Composer and the Press Stephen Walsh Mobilising our Man: Politics and Music in Poland during the Decade after World War II Adrian Thomas Notes Lists of Examples and Illustrations Contributor's Details Index.
The Influence of Electronic Trading on Bid-Ask Spreads

of financd markets at the School of Management at the University of Southampton. s article long-term traded on examines bid-ask spreads in the four government bond futures contracts the London International Financial I Futures Exchange (LIFFE): the German Bund, the U.K. Long Gilt, the Italian BTP, and the Japanese JGB. Unhke many U.S. studies of bid-ask spreads in futures markets, the data set used includes a complete record of quotes, so the bid-ask spread can be estimated directly from quote data rather than implied from transaction data. A major contribution is in the comparison of bid-ask spreads during open outcry tradmg hours with those during a subsequent screen trading session, an aspect of market microstructure that has not previously been examined. Evidence of differing behavior during electronic trading hours is of interest to both exchanges and regulators with regard to transaction costs, tick sizes, and the design of trachng systems, and has practical implications for investors considering the time of day to trade. It is also particularly timely to investigate the performance of screen trading at LIFFE, as the exchange is considering transferring more business from the trading pits to screens, partly to meet the challenge of fierce competition from exchanges such as the electronically traded Deutsche Termin Borse (DTB). Fremault Vila and Sandmann [1996] examine the Nikkei stock index futures contracts trading on the floor in Singapore and on screens in Osaka, and find that estimated bid-ask spreads are wider in the electronic market. They discuss a lack of agreement in the analytical literature relating to floor versus screen trading, and suggest that further empirical evidence on the relationship between tradmg technology and market performance is therefore needed.
Accounting For Financial Instruments: An Overview

The explosion in the growth of derivative financial instruments in recent years is a major cause of concern for accounting standard-setters. This paper considers the reasons for the growth and identifies the accounting problems associated with these instruments. The relevant United States and Australian pronouncements are discussed. Major proposals in ED 59 Financial Instruments are outlined and two critical issues concerning the automatic writedown of financial assets and the treatment of anticipatory hedges are identified. ED 59 contains similar proposals to E 48 issued by the IASC. However, there are some differences between the two documents and these are discussed. The paper also considers possible developments in accounting for financial instruments.
Optimizing treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer patients with anti-EGFR antibodies: overcoming the mechanisms of cancer cell resistance

Introduction: A number of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been recently developed for the treatment of refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). These mAbs, blocking ligand/receptor interactions, exert their biological activity via multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of cell cycle progression, potentiation of cell apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, tumor cell invasion and metastasis and, potentially, induction of immunological effector mechanisms. Areas covered: Cetuximab is an anti-EGFR mAb currently used in mCRC treatment. Despite the evidence of efficacy of cetuximab in the treatment of mCRC patients, the observation of low response rates was the proof of concept of resistance to anti-EGFR mAbs treatment. An increasing number of molecular alterations have been more recently hypothesized to be involved in resistance to anti-EGFR mAbs in CRC: mutations in BRAF, NRAS and PIK3CA, loss of expression of PTEN and, now, activation of HER2 signaling through HER2 gene amplification and/or increased heregulin stimulation. Expert opinion: This review focuses on the development of new strategies such as combination with other agents blocking alternative escape pathways, cancer cell prioritization hyperactivating EGFR pathway, combination with immune system, development of nanotech devices to increase efficacy of antibody-based therapy and overcome the mechanisms of cancer cell resistance.
New Result in Theory of Consumption: Changes in Savings and Income Growth

Hall (1978) theorized that future consumption could be written only as a function of its current consumption. Since this result is known to be wrong in data, we reexamine, from Flavin's original equations (1981), how they may have reached this conclusion. In the Appendix, we derive a generic permanent income equation and discuss Flavin's imprecision. Furthermore, by replacing one of Flavin's three basic equations and adding the definition of savings, we find that changes in savings should also be a function of labor income growth, a solution anticipated by Modigliani and Brumberg (1952, published 1979).
The Prevalence of Vegetative and Minimally Conscious States: A Systematic Review and Methodological Appraisal

Objectives:To systematically review prevalence studies of vegetative state (VS) and minimally conscious state (MCS) in geographically defined populations, to appraise study methods and assess sources of heterogeneity. Methods:MEDLINE, EBM Reviews, and EMBASE databases were searched using key terms. Two reviewers independently identified pertinent articles and screened the references for additional studies. Studies measuring the prevalence of VS and/or MCS in a defined population were included, and information on characteristics, methods, and results was extracted. Heterogeneity was quantified through the statistic I2. Results:We identified 5 cross-sectional prevalence surveys of VS and 1 of MCS. Prevalence ranged from 0.2 cases per 100 000 inhabitants to 3.4 for VS and was 1.5 per 100 000 for MCS. Relevant heterogeneity (I2 = 99.0%) prevented us from calculating a summary estimate. The prevalence of trauma cases varied from 21.9% to 53.8%. Variability pertaining to diagnostic criteria, definition of case, and methods of ascertainment was found. Conclusion:In the few prevalence studies of VS and MCS that were identified, the estimates showed high variability and could not be pooled. Future studies should consider using comparable methods for the definition, ascertainment, and confirmation of cases.
Robust position control of hydraulic manipulators using time delay estimation and nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode

A simple and robust tracking controller based on time delay estimation and nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode is proposed for the position control of hydraulic manipulator. The proposed controller does not require the mathematical model of hydraulic manipulator dynamics, which ensures that the method is simple and model free. Two elements, time delay estimation and nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode, are implemented in the proposed controller. Time delay estimation estimates the complex dynamics of the hydraulic manipulator, and nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode is implemented as the nonlinear desired error dynamic to ensure fast convergence and high trajectory tracking accuracy. Experiments are performed to verify the tracking performance of the method on a hydraulic manipulator. The results demonstrate that this method achieves faster and higher precision position tracking performance than a conventional time delay control with linear error dynamics.
Urban Carbon Governance Experiments: The Role of Australian Local Governments

Cities, and particularly urban local governments, are now widely recognised for their part in the complex, multilevel landscape of climate governance and carbon reduction. Nonetheless local government projects and initiatives are often framed as of limited value, outside the formal governance framework, and unable to contribute systematically. In contrast, this paper locates these initiatives as already part of the way in which governing climate and carbon is conducted and as governance experiments. We provide a descriptive analysis of these initiatives across Australia's capital cities, highlighting the domains, mechanisms, and partners through which they operate. We illustrate the enactment of experimentation through a detailed examination of the Sydney-based initiative termed Treading Lightly, drawing out in particular the workings of institutional experimentation and experimentation in governance practices. We conclude with brief reflections on the governance implications of such experimentation and their importance as a site in the emergent politics of urban carbon governance.
Impact of spatial correlation on the performance of orthogonal space-time block codes

We analyze the impact of transmitter and receiver spatial correlation on the performance of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system which applies an orthogonal space-time block code with no channel state information at the transmitter and perfect channel state information at the receiver. We derive a general formula for the bit error rate of a MIMO system with arbitrary number of transmit and receive antennas as a function of the correlation at the transmitter and the receiver. We prove that the diversity advantage is given by M/spl middot/N if M is the rank of the transmit correlation matrix and N the rank of the receive correlation matrix, respectively.
A Constrained Unfolding Methodology for Product Positioning

This paper presents a recently developed unfolding methodology for analyzing preferential/dominance data that addresses the product positioning/repositioning decision problem of product (re)design and targeting by relating brand and consumer characteristics explicitly to perceptual brand locations and ideal points respectively. The methodology and associated algorithm are applied to a set of preference data for twelve models of residential communication devices. Various managerial implications of the model for product positioning and optimal product design are illustrated and discussed.