Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Test Cost Reduction for Performance Yield Recovery by Classification of Multiple-Clock Test Data

Process variation comes from several aspects during IC manufacturing, resulting in tremendous yield loss in advanced CMOS process. Recently, post-silicon tuning techniques that could adaptively manipulate failed chips to compensate the variations have been widely studied. Yet, full-chip adjustments can also increase dynamic and leakage power consumption. A fine-grain voltage-control architecture was proposed to tune only necessary parts of circuits. The corresponding diagnosis and tuning algorithm, however, require variable test clock strobing to measure path delays, which incurs a large test cost. In this paper, we propose to build a test data library that only uses a few fixed test clocks. We can then use the library to categorize the test results and sort the chips into different correction voltage tuning configurations. The experimental results show that with much lower cost (4% in average), the method can fix from 86%to 118% chip samples as compared to a satisfiability (SAT)-based method that requires accurate path delay measurement.
Topology for Computations of Concurrent Automata

We generalize the results on α-complex traces from [14, 16] to the realm of concurrent automata. We show that the α-complex computations can be defined as elements of a compact, totally disconnected and complete topological semigroup containing the finite computations as a dense and discrete subspace. But in this semigroup it is not possible to define infinite products as limits of finite ones in a satisfactory way. Therefore, we define a second semigroup of restricted α-complex computations. The underlying set of this semigroup carries a metric such that it becomes compact and complete. Furthermore, the finite computations are a dense and discrete subset and the multiplication is uniformly continuous not on the whole semigroup but on the set of finite computations. Finally, here we can define infinite products as limits of finite ones.
The role of cognition in reacting to argumentative unfairness

When confronted with unfair contributions in an argumentative discourse, participants evaluate these contributions negatively and show emotional and verbal reactions. These reactions may be crucial for further discourse and may depend on cognitive evaluation. In order to investigate the relationship between cognitive, emotional and verbal responses to unfair contributions, such contributions were embedded in argumentational episodes and presented to participants in written, auditory or role play modality. The application of a path model relating indicators of cognitive, emotional and verbal reactions, demonstrated that the intensity of emotional reactions depends on evaluative cognitions (severity of the rule violation and the offender’s perceived awareness), whereas verbal confrontativeness merely depends on the offender’s perceived awareness. The results are discussed with respect to methodological and theoretical issues.
Hierarchical clustering of the genetic connectivity matrix reveals the network topology of gene action on brain microstructure: An N=531 twin study

Genetic correlation (rg) analysis determines how much of the correlation between two measures is due to common genetic influences. In an analysis of 4 Tesla diffusion tensor images (DTI) from 531 healthy young adult twins and their siblings, we generalized the concept of genetic correlation to determine common genetic influences on white matter integrity, measured by fractional anisotropy (FA), at all points of the brain, yielding an NxN genetic correlation matrix rg(x,y) between FA values at all pairs of voxels in the brain. With hierarchical clustering, we identified brain regions with relatively homogeneous genetic determinants, to boost the power to identify causal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). We applied genome-wide association (GWA) to assess associations between 529,497 SNPs and FA in clusters defined by hubs of the clustered genetic correlation matrix. We identified a network of genes, with a scale-free topology, that influences white matter integrity over multiple brain regions.
Biological properties of garlic and garlic‐derived organosulfur compounds

Medicinal properties of garlic (Allium sativum) have been widely known and used since ancient times till the present. Garlic enhances immune functions and has antibacterial, antifungal and antivirus activities. It is known to prevent platelet aggregation, and to have hypotensive and cholesterol‐ and triglyceride‐lowering properties, although the latter features have been questioned. This review is focused on anticancer efficacy of Allium sativum, and attempts to explain the mechanisms of this action. Medicinal properties of garlic rely upon organosulfur compounds mostly derived from alliin. Organosulfur compounds originating from garlic inhibit carcinogen activation, boost phase 2 detoxifying processes, cause cell cycle arrest mostly in G2/M phase, stimulate the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, increase acetylation of histones. Garlic‐derived sulfur compounds influence also gap‐junctional intercellular communication and participate in the development of multidrug resistance. This review presents also other little known aspects of molecular action of garlic‐derived compounds, like modulation of cellular redox state, involvement in signal transduction and post‐translational modification of proteins by sulfane sulfur or by formation of mixed disulfides (S‐thiolation reactions). Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phonetic variability and the variable perception of L2 word stress by French Canadian listeners

This study investigates development and individual attainment in the perception of word stress by French Canadian second language (L2) learners of English at three proficiency levels (intermediate, low-advanced, high-advanced). It aims to determine whether a perceptual or a processing deficit is responsible for their so-called stress `deafness' (e.g., Dupoux et al., 1997, 2001, 2008). Seventy-five French Canadian L2 learners of English and 31 native English speakers completed an AXB perception task in English where contrast type (stress, segmental) and phonetic variability (with, without) were manipulated, but where processing demands were relatively low. The results indicate that the L2 learners had more difficulty perceiving English stress in the presence than in the absence of phonetic variability. Yet, their perception of stress in the phonetically variable condition was above chance and improved as the number of trials increased. Although the three proficiency groups did not perform significantly differently on the experiment, the L2 learners' self-reported per cent daily use of English was found to be a significant predictor of their successful perception of phonetically variable stress. Given these findings, it is argued that French listeners' reported lack of success in the perception of word stress is unlikely to stem from a perceptual deficit.
Gallium arsenide p-i-n radial structures for photovoltaic applications

Gallium arsenide p-i-n radial junctions were fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy. The current-voltage characteristics of single nanowires were measured in the dark and under various illumination conditions including 1.5 AM. The total efficiency was 4.5%. Spatially resolved and power dependent photocurrent measurements indicate that the p-i-n junction is homogeneous along the nanowire. Electroluminescence measurements show an emission peak at about 1.4 eV, further corroborating the good quality of the nanowire. These results constitute an important progress for the use of nanowires in photovoltaic applications.
Advancing the 3Rs in regulatory ecotoxicology: A pragmatic cross‐sector approach

The ecotoxicity testing of chemicals for prospective environmental safety assessment is an area in which a high number of vertebrates are used across a variety of industry sectors. Refining, reducing, and replacing the use of animals such as fish, birds, and amphibians for this purpose addresses the ethical concerns and the increasing legislative requirements to consider alternative test methods. Members of the UK‐based National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs) Ecotoxicology Working Group, consisting of representatives from academia, government organizations, and industry, have worked together over the past 6 y to provide evidence bases to support and advance the application of the 3Rs in regulatory ecotoxicity testing. The group recently held a workshop to identify the areas of testing, demands, and drivers that will have an impact on the future of animal use in regulatory ecotoxicology. As a result of these discussions, we have developed a pragmatic approach to prioritize and realistically address key opportunity areas, to enable progress toward the vision of a reduced reliance on the use of animals in this area of testing. This paper summarizes the findings of this exercise and proposes a pragmatic strategy toward our key long‐term goals—the incorporation of reliable alternatives to whole‐organism testing into regulations and guidance, and a culture shift toward reduced reliance on vertebrate toxicity testing in routine environmental safety assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:417–421. © 2015 SETAC
Postprandial changes in small bowel water content in healthy subjects and patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Postprandial symptoms are common in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) and could be diet related. We studied postprandial changes in distribution of water in the upper gastrointestinal tract of healthy volunteers (HVs) and patients with IBS-D after contrasting meals. METHODS In study 1, 11 HVs consumed 350-mL test meals with 5% mannitol (unabsorbable) or 5% glucose (readily absorbed). In study 2, 17 HVs consumed a 331-kcal meal, with or without 15 g bran. In study 3, 26 patients with IBS-D consumed the study 2 diet with bran meal. All subjects underwent serial magnetic resonance imaging analysis. RESULTS In study 1, subjects' small bowel water content (SBWC) increased after the mannitol but not glucose meals, reaching 381 mL (interquartile range, 343-491 mL) and 47 mL (18-78 mL), respectively, 40 minutes after eating (P < .001). In study 2, SBWC initially decreased after both meal types and then increased, plateauing at 180-405 minutes and was greater after the bran meal (P = .02). In study 3, fasting and postprandial SBWC was lower in IBS-D than in HVs (P < .05 and P < .0001, respectively). Patients with IBS-D had faster orocecal transit times (135 minutes; 90-180 minutes) compared with HVs (225 minutes; 203-293 minutes; P < .0001) and reduced terminal ileum diameter (P < .003). CONCLUSIONS Postprandial SBWC initially decreases, because of rapid, nutrient-driven fluid absorption, and then increases after a mixed liquid/solid meal. Patients with IBS-D have reduced fasting and postprandial SBWC with faster transit, possibly indicating increased small intestinal tone.
A new approach to homogenization with arbitrarily rough coefficients for scalar and vectorial problems with localized and global pre-computing

We consider divergence-form (elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic) equations (or systems of equations for elasticity) with rough (L∞(Ω), Ω ⊂ R) coefficients that, in particular, may contain infinitely many non-separated scales. The homogenization of these equations with periodic or ergodic coefficients and well separated scales is now well understood. In this work, for the most general case of arbitrary bounded coefficients, we construct explicit finite dimensional (homogenization) approximations of solutions with controlled error estimates. In particular, our approach allows one to analyze a given medium directly without introducing the mathematical concept of an ǫ family of media. We also obtain an explicit error constant which is independent of the contrast of the material and geometry of its microstructure. Additionally, we minimize the number of pre-computed problems (the analogues of cell problems in periodic homogenization) for problems with arbitrary bounded coefficients by introducing a new class of elliptic inequalities which play the same role in our approach as the div-curl lemma in classical homogenization. Finally, we address an issue on which a great deal of effort has been focused–localizing the pre-computation of cell problems in numerical homogenization. It has been observed that the main source of error in these methods lies in cell resonances due to boundary layer effects. These cell resonances arise since the continuity of fluxes is not preserved across boundaries of coarse sub-domains. We show how to remove these resonance errors by ensuring the continuity of fluxes and obtain a method whereby pre-computation can be localized to coarse tetrahedra. We provide rigorous error bounds for this approach to homogenizing problems with arbitrarily rough (in particular, non periodic) coefficients.
Detecting anger in automated voice portal dialogs

Anger detection is a topic that is gaining more and more attention with voice portal carriers, as it can be useful for quality measurement and emotion-aware dialog strategies. In the context of a prototype voice portal we describe methods to search for training data, report on the performance of the prosodic classifier under real world conditions and explore the use of dialog information for anger prediction. The results show that, although significantly worse than under laboratory conditions, anger detection still works well above chance level and can be used to enhance real world voice-portal usability. Index Terms: Emotion Recognition, Voice Portal, Speech Classification, Dialogue System.
Esophagitis and modified Bernstein tests in infants with apparent life-threatening events.

OBJECTIVE The current study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of abnormal intraesophageal pH monitoring, esophagitis, and oxygen desaturation after experimental esophageal acidification (modified Bernstein test) in patients with apparent life-threatening events (ALTEs). METHODS Fifty patients admitted to the hospital with ALTEs were evaluated. Patients underwent 24-hour intraesophageal pH monitoring, esophageal suction biopsies, and modified Bernstein tests to document oxygen desaturation during experimental esophageal acidification. RESULTS Abnormal pH monitoring was present in 82%, esophagitis in 16%, and oxygen desaturation of at least 5% with experimental esophageal acidification in 22% of the patients. Esophagitis was present in only 3 of 11 patients with oxygen desaturation, which was not different from those patients without oxygen desaturation. Clinical history was not predictive of oxygen desaturation during experimental acidification except that patients with a history of an ALTE while awake were more likely to demonstrate oxygen desaturation with acid. CONCLUSION We conclude that 1) the prevalence of oxygen desaturation with experimental acidification in infants with ALTEs is significant and warrants further evaluation; 2) esophagitis is not a necessary predisposing condition to esophageal acid sensitivity in infants with ALTEs; and 3) ALTEs while awake are frequently associated with a positive modified Bernstein test.
Spike-landing Motion of Elite Male Volleyball Players during Official Games

The purpose of this study was to investigate the motions during the airborne phase and their relations with single-legged landing position in elite male volleyball players during official games, and gain insights into techniques for safe landing. The spike-landing motions of four male world-level right-handed volleyball players were recorded with two high-speed video cameras during official games for a three-dimensional analysis. The results indicated a large trunk twist and a trunk left lean during the airborne phase of single-legged landings. The lower limbs reacted to the upper body motion differently for the left and right legs. The left hip extended during the last portion of the airborne phase to prepare for landing while the right hip continuously flexed and abducted, elevating the right leg, which resulted in left-legged landings. The results of one double-legged landing of a skilled player indicated that a compact trunk twist with a small left lean may have been why a straight body configuration was maintained and the right leg did not elevate as in the single-legged landings.
What ROC Curves Can't Do (and Cost Curves Can)

This paper shows that ROC curves, as a method of visualizing classifier performance, are inadequate for the needs of Artificial Intelligence researchers in several significant respects, and demonstrates that a different way of visualizing performance – the cost curves introduced by Drummond and Holte at KDD’2000 – overcomes these deficiencies.
A New Method to Scan Genomes for Introgression in a Secondary Contact Model

Secondary contact between divergent populations or incipient species may result in the exchange and introgression of genomic material. We develop a simple DNA sequence measure, called G min, which is designed to identify genomic regions experiencing introgression in a secondary contact model. G min is defined as the ratio of the minimum between-population number of nucleotide differences in a genomic window to the average number of between-population differences. Although it is conceptually simple, one advantage of G min is that it is computationally inexpensive relative to model-based methods for detecting gene flow and it scales easily to the level of whole-genome analysis. We compare the sensitivity and specificity of G min to those of the widely used index of population differentiation, F ST, and suggest a simple statistical test for identifying genomic outliers. Extensive computer simulations demonstrate that G min has both greater sensitivity and specificity for detecting recent introgression than does F ST. Furthermore, we find that the sensitivity of G min is robust with respect to both the population mutation and recombination rates. Finally, a scan of G min across the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster identifies candidate regions of introgression between sub-Saharan African and cosmopolitan populations that were previously missed by other methods. These results show that G min is a biologically straightforward, yet powerful, alternative to F ST, as well as to more computationally intensive model-based methods for detecting gene flow.
Cell fate polarization in ascidian mesenchyme/muscle precursors by directed FGF signaling and role for an additional ectodermal FGF antagonizing signal in notochord/nerve cord precursors

Asymmetric cell division plays a fundamental role in generating various types of embryonic cell. In ascidian embryos, asymmetric cell divisions occur in the vegetal hemisphere in a manner similar to those found in Caenorhabditis elegans. Early divisions in embryos of both species involve inductive events on a single mother cell that result in production of daughters with different cell fates. Here we show in the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi that polarity of muscle/mesenchyme mother precursors is determined solely by the direction from which the FGF9/16/20 signal is presented, a role similar to that of Wnt signaling in the EMS and T cell divisions in C. elegans. However, polarity of nerve cord/notochord mother precursors is determined by possible antagonistic action between the FGF signal and a signal from anterior ectoderm, providing a new mechanism underlying asymmetric cell division. The ectoderm signal suppresses MAPK activation and expression of Hr-FoxA, which encodes an intrinsic competence factor for notochord induction, in the nerve cord lineage.
Air quality impacts mortality in acute medical admissions.

BACKGROUND Air quality degraded by black smoke (particulate matter, PM10), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NO(x)) affects human health. Improvements following national legislation have lowered death rates. Whether background air pollution levels continue to affect human health remains unclear. AIM To determine impact of air pollutant concentrations (PM10, SO2 and NO(x)) on in-hospital mortality for acute medical admissions to St James's Hospital over a decade (2002-11). DESIGN All emergency admissions (55,596 episodes in n = 32,581 patients) were tracked prospectively and mortality assessed. Daily levels of PM10, SO2 and NO(x) were obtained from monitoring stations in our catchment area. METHODS Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was employed to examine relationships between pollutant concentration and odds ratio (OR) for death following adjustment for other mortality predictors. RESULTS Mortality related to each pollutant variable assessed (as quintiles of increasing atmospheric concentration) was significantly predictive. For PM10 and SO2, mortality in the highest three quintile concentrations (compared with base quintile) was significantly increased (P < 0.001) with univariate ORs of 1.24, 1.36 and 1.25 for PM10 and 1.43, 1.54 and 1.58 for SO2, respectively. Mortality in all quintile concentrations (compared with base quintile) was significantly increased (P < 0.05) for NO(x) with univariate ORs of 1.14, 1.18, 1.28 and 1.35, respectively. Following adjustment for other mortality predictors such as acute illness severity, all three air pollutants were independently predictive of mortality. CONCLUSION Despite improvement to air quality in Dublin, the prevailing background pollutant concentrations continue to affect human health at levels considered safe and below that previously recognized.
Vision based elephant recognition for management and conservation

In elephant management and conservation, it is vital to have non-invasive methods to track elephants. Image based recognition is a non-invasive mechanism for elephant tracking, albeit the inefficiency in manual method due to difficulties in handling large amount of data from multiple sources. To mitigate the drawbacks in manual method, we have proposed a computer vision based, automated, elephant recognition mechanism, which mainly relies on appearance based recognition algorithms. We have tested feasibility of the system running on a web based interface, which can facilitate researchers and conservationists all around the world to actively participate in elephant conservation.
Cascading Transmission Gates to Enhance Multiplier Performance

A high-speed Wallace-tree type combinational multiplier chip has been fabricated as a technology demonstration device using 1.5 ¿m NMOS processing. Multiply rates well in excess of 40 mHz have been obtained from laboratory devices. Extensive use of cascaded MOS transmission-gate (or steering) logic resulted in worthwhile improvements in power, average gate delay, and device topology.
CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY SCREENING OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM SOUTH OF IRAN

Background and objectives: Cancer is a public health problem all over the world. Herbal medicines have a vital role in the prevention and treatment of cancer and large numbers of plants and their isolated constituents have shown potential anticancer activity. Methods: Twenty seven medicinal plants from southern Iran provinces have been extracted with methanol and screened for their cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, WEHI-164, HepG-2, MDBK and A-549 cell lines by MTT assay. Results: The methanol extracts of two species, Calotropis procera and Juniperus excelsa, demonstrated to be more effective compared to other extracts. Conclusion: The above species are proper candidates for further cancer studies.