Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Guaranteed recovery of quantum processes from few measurements

Quantum process tomography is the task of reconstructing unknown quantum channels from measured data. In this work, we introduce compressed sensing-based methods that facilitate the reconstruction of quantum channels of low Kraus rank. Our main contribution is the analysis of a natural measurement model for this task: We assume that data is obtained by sending pure states into the channel and measuring expectation values on the output. Neither ancillary systems nor coherent operations across multiple channel uses are required. Most previous results on compressed process reconstruction reduce the problem to quantum state tomography on the channel's Choi matrix. While this ansatz yields recovery guarantees from an essentially minimal number of measurements, physical implementations of such schemes would typically involve ancillary systems. A priori, it is unclear whether a measurement model tailored directly to quantum process tomography might require more measurements. We establish that this is not the case.Technically, we prove recovery guarantees for three different reconstruction algorithms. The reconstructions are based on a trace, diamond, and ℓ2-norm minimization, respectively. Our recovery guarantees are uniform in the sense that with one random choice of measurement settings all quantum channels can be recovered equally well. Moreover, stability against arbitrary measurement noise and robustness against violations of the low-rank assumption is guaranteed. Numerical studies demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.
Contribution to and use of online knowledge repositories: The role of governance mechanisms

Drawing upon the concept of governance, this dissertation refers to the two most commonly employed mechanisms that ensure high quality knowledge in electronic repositories as expert-governance and community-governance. In three related but distinct essays, the dissertation examines the governance concept, and investigates contributing knowledge to and using knowledge from electronic repositories governed by these two mechanisms. The first essay sets the conceptual foundations of knowledge governance in repositories, and examines the salient aspects of expertand communitygovernance that contribute to knowledge quality. The essay adopts an interpretive research methodology and analyzes empirical data collected from a range of organizations using interviews and online questionnaires. Findings suggest that executing governance functions thoroughly, experts’ credibility, and experts’ ownership of content contribute to knowledge quality in expert-governed repositories; and executing governance functions continuously and by a diverse set of members, and members’ involvement in governance contribute to knowledge quality in community-governed repositories.
Intergenerational mobility in Europe : evidence from ECHP * 30 May 2003

In this paper I provide a new evidence on cross-country comparison of intergenerational mobility using the European Community Household Panel. Although this data-set produces estimation that suffer of many potential biases, such as life cycle bias due to the young age of children, if the distortions are similar across countries, then the results can be useful and produce a better understanding of the forces that shape different societies. Comparing 12 European countries, I found that Mediterranean countries together with Portugal and Ireland are more immobile both in earnings and education. I find no relation between the income elasticity and earnings returns to human capital of a country, but public expenditure in tertiary education seems to be negatively related to income elasticity and there seems to be a positive relationship between income elasticity and the strictness of the employment protection law. Educational mobility seems to be affected by the performance of the education system measured by the proportion of students fall below given benchmarks of educational achievement, it is not affected by the pupil teacher ratio in primary and secondary schools and by the percentage of students enrolled in private schools The author is grateful to Daniele Checchi, Marco Francesconi, Cheti Nicoletti, Elena Bardasi, Lorenzo Cappellari Claudio Lucifora, Stefania Damonte and seminar participants at the Institute for Social and Economic Research for their precious comments. This research was conducted while the author was visiting the Institute for Social and Economic Research (University of Essex) with a Marie Curie fellowship.
Using Prototypes to Induce Experimentation and Knowledge Integration in the Development of Enabling Accounting Information

We investigate enabling performance measurement systems (PMS) in operations, i.e., systems that are perceived by employees as assisting with their daily work. We contrast enabling PMS with those that are primarily a control device by senior management. Previous research in accounting suggests that the development of enabling PMS requires room for experimentation by users, as well as cross-functional knowledge integration. How this can be done has received less attention. Building on the new product development literature, we investigate how prototypes can support experimentation and knowledge integration in the context of accounting. The empirical results are based on a longitudinal case study, using action research. We study the process of developing a performance measurement system for transportation costs. In this process, employees from various functions and departments had to cooperate as no single employee possessed sufficient knowledge about operations, accounting and information systems by oneself. The process consisted of several cycles of experimentation in which prototypes of the new accounting system were used as integrating devices. The prototypes were based on traditional accounting tools, such as variance analysis, and on information provided by the employees during the discussions. This process gave the employees many new insights and led to a new accounting system that was accepted by all of them. We identify several characteristics of effective experimentation and knowledge integration in accounting.
Construction of Lie Superalgebras from Triple Product Systems

Any simple Lie superalgebras over the complex field can be constructed from some triple systems. Examples of Lie superalgebras D(2, 1; α), G(3) and F(4) are given by utilizing a general construction method based upon (−1, −1) balanced Freudenthal‐Kantor triple system.
Determinants of Labour Supply at Older Ages: A Theoretical and Empirical Approach.

An ageing population is a common feature shared amongst developed economies. Increasing longevity has significant implications for fiscal expenditure, pensions and the welfare state. Therefore, research investigating the determinants of labour supply at older ages is of paramount importance. To understand labour supply behaviour from a theoretical perspective, in chapter one we turn to a lifecycle framework, in which not only labour supply but saving and consumption behaviour are also modelled. By analytically solving the model, we are able to understand its general properties and what implications these have for optimal within period decisions. In chapter two we show how state pension deferral can be modelled within a general lifecycle framework and the effect it may have on labour supply. We demonstrate the size of this effect using a numerical simulation and also compare the generosity of the two deferral options available under UK legislation. To investigate the determinants of labour supply from an empirical perspective, we use a duration approach to model a variety of standard and non-standard retirement paths. In chapter three we pay attention to the way in which an individual's labour force history may affect their retirement decision. In chapter four we determine which factors are more likely to lead to an individual returning to work conditional on having retired, and the typical characteristics of an `unretirement job'. In both chapters we show that; age, pension wealth, education and spousal employment characteristics are important factors in determining labour force transitions at older ages. The final two chapters are concerned with survey methodology. Chapter five shows the importance of longitudinal survey weights in appropriately controlling for attrition in the UK Labour Force Survey (UKLFS). We demonstrate this by comparing estimated labour market flows under existing and revised weights. Chapter six highlights the extent of seasonality in UKLFS flows and shows that adjusting for seasonality provides an improved understanding of the underlying dynamics in the UK labour market.
Cross-Lingual Information to the Rescue in Keyword Extraction

We introduce a method that extracts keywords in a language with the help of the other. In our approach, we bridge and fuse conventionally irrelevant word statistics in languages. The method involves estimating preferences for keywords w.r. t. domain topics and generating cross-lingual bridges for word statistics integration. At run-time, we transform parallel articles into word graphs, build cross-lingual edges, and exploit PageRank with word keyness information for keyword extraction. We present the system, BiKEA , that applies the method to keyword analysis. Experiments show that keyword extraction benefits from PageRank, globally learned keyword preferences, and cross-lingual word statistics interaction which respects language diversity.
Assessing the In Situ Fertilization Status of Two Marine Copepod Species, Temora longicornis and Eurytemora herdmani; How Common Are Unfertilized Eggs in Nature?

We utilized an egg staining technique to measure the in situ fertilization success of two marine copepod species, Temora longicornis and Eurytemora herdmani from May to October 2008 in coastal Maine and correlated fertilization success with environmental conditions in their habitat. T. longicornis is a free spawning species that releases eggs into the ambient seawater after mating. In contrast, E. herdmani carries eggs in an egg sac until they hatch. The proportion of fertilized eggs within E. herdmani egg sacs was significantly higher than the freely spawned clutches of T. longicornis. This may be a result of the asymmetrical costs associated with carrying vs. spawning unfertilized eggs. T. longicornis frequently laid both fertilized and unfertilized eggs within their clutch. T. longicornis fertilization was negatively associated with chlorophyll concentration and positively associated with population density in their local habitat. The fertilization status of E. herdmani egg sacs was high throughout the season, but the proportion of ovigerous females was negatively associated with an interaction between predators and the proportion of females in the population. This study emphasizes that, in addition to population level processes, community and ecosystem level processes strongly influence the fertilization success and subsequent productivity of copepods.
Dielectric relaxation of lanthanide-based ternary oxides

Frequency dispersion in lanthanide-based ternary oxides is often observed in capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. The frequency dependence of the dielectric constant (k-value), that is the intrinsic frequency dispersion (dielectric relaxation), could not be assessed before suppressing the effects of extrinsic frequency dispersion, such as the effects of the lossy interfacial layer (between the lanthanide-based ternary oxide and silicon substrate) and the parasitic effects. After taking extrinsic frequency dispersion into account, the relaxation behavior can be modeled using the Havriliak-Negami (HN) relationship. Dielectric relaxation mechanisms are also discussed.
The Effect of Tax Authority Monitoring and Enforcement on Financial Reporting Quality

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the relation between tax enforcement and financial reporting quality. The government, due to its tax claim on firm profits, is de facto the largest minority shareholder in almost all corporations. Therefore, the government, like other shareholders, has an interest in the accurate reporting of (taxable) income and preventing insiders from siphoning corporate funds to obtain private benefits. We hypothesize and find evidence that higher tax enforcement by the tax authority has a positive association with financial reporting quality. Further, we find that this association is generally stronger when other monitoring mechanisms are weaker. Our evidence is consistent with the predictions from the Desai, Dyck, and Zingales (2007) theory that the tax authority provides a monitoring mechanism of corporate insiders. Our paper also adds to the literature on the determinants of financial reporting quality and how the relation between accounting standards and reporting outcomes depends on.
INFORMATION TRANSFER RATE OF NEURONS: STOCHASTIC RESONANCE OF SHANNON'S INFORMATION CHANNEL CAPACITY

The information channel capacity of neurons is calculated in the stochastic resonance region using Shannon's formula. This quantity is an effective measure of the quality of signal transfer, unlike the information theoretic calculations previously used, which only characterize the entropy of the output and not the rate of information transfer. The Shannon channel capacity shows a well pronounced maximum versus input noise intensity. The location of the maximum is at a higher input noise level than has been observed for classical measures, such as signal-to-noise ratio.
Active RF cancellation of nonlinear TX leakage in FDD transceivers

In frequency division duplex (FDD) transceivers, transmitter (TX) passband leakage induced self-interference can cause own receiver (RX) desensitization, due to limited isolation of the duplexer RX filter and nonlinear components in the RX front-end. In this paper, an active RF cancellation technique for TX passband leakage is proposed, to efficiently suppress the nonlinear leakage signal at the RX chain input. The technique is based on generating an RF replica of the leakage signal using an auxiliary transmitter branch, together with appropriate digital preprocessing of the known transmit data. This RF replica is then combined with the received signal at the LNA input in the RX chain, properly phased, such that the level of the TX leakage signal is reduced. The performance of the proposed solution is evaluated with simulations as well as practical RF measurements, demonstrating excellent suppression of the TX leakage signal for wideband signals at high transmission power levels. Such novel self-interference cancellation solutions can facilitate enhanced efficiency and flexibility of the RF spectrum use in the emerging 5G radio networks, especially at the lower carrier frequencies.
Big Data and Hadoop: Improving MapReduce Performance using Clustering Algorithm

Big Data" is a popular term used to describe the exponential growth and availability of structured, unstructured data and semi-structured data that has potential to be mined for information. Data mining involves knowledge discovery from these large data sets. Hadoop is the core platform for storing the large volume of data into Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and that data get processed by MapReduce model in parallel. Hadoop is designed to scale up from a single server to thousands of machines and with a very high degree of fault tolerance. This paper presents we have implemented our k-means algorithm in single and multi-node Hadoop cluster. We calculate the performance based on the time to execute the MapReduce job.
Prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure : current evidence and clinical implications.

This article is a critical review of the available evidence on the prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure (ABP). Several event-based cohort studies have shown that ABP improves cardiovascular risk stratification over and beyond traditional risk factors, including office BP. Most of these studies have been conducted in subjects with essential hypertension who were untreated at the time of execution of ABP monitoring; other studies have been conducted in subjects who were poorly controlled with treatment or in the general population. In these studies, ABP was examined as a continuous variable or with operational risk categories. Cardiovascular risk showed a direct and independent association with the observed ABP (systolic, diastolic, and pulse) and an inverse association with the degree of BP reduction from day to night. Cardiovascular risk was also directly associated with the difference between the observed value of ABP and that predicted from the office BP. White-coat hypertension versus ambulatory hypertension and dippers versus nondippers are 2 classifications based on arbitrary operational risk categories. A blunted or absent BP reduction from day to night, defined with ABP as a continuous variable or with operational thresholds, was also associated with a worse outcome regardless of the average value of ABP during the 24 hours. Overall, these studies indicate that ABP monitoring is particularly valuable to refine cardiovascular risk stratification in untreated subjects with office hypertension and in those with resistant hypertension. Intervention studies targeted at ABP are now needed.
Spatial Neighborhood-Constrained Linear Coding for Visual Object Tracking

In this paper, a new spatial neighborhood-constrained linear coding strategy which realizes sparse representation is proposed for visual object tracking. Unlike conventional sparse and locality-constrained linear coding approaches that need an extra post-processing stage to incorporate the spatial layout information, the proposed coding strategy intrinsically embeds the spatial layout information into the coding stage. The proposed coding strategy can also be used to effectively realize joint sparse representation for different feature descriptors. In addition, based on the distance to the “ideal point” in the reconstruction error space, a new multicue integration approach for robust tracking is proposed and a co-learning approach is developed to update the dictionaries. Finally, the proposed tracking algorithm is compared with other state-of-the-art trackers on some challenging video sequences and shows promising results.
Applying Parmetis to Structured Remeshing for Industrial CFD Applications

This paper presents the current strategy used in IP-OORT, an ongoing project to extend the application domain of a C++ toolkit library for iterative mesh adaptation. OORT is a class library for sequential structured, unstructured and hybrid mesh adaptation used mainly in the context of CFD computations, that performs iterative mesh refinement, coarsening and smoothing in 3D. Extensions to parallelize mesh adaptation using ParMeTiS for domain decomposition and MPI high-level communication schemes are investigated here. Numerical simulations on realistic cases show that the parallel strategy scales with problem size and the number of processors, but singular behaviors are sometimes encountered at subdomain interfaces when conflicting instructions collide.
Group Theoretical Quantization of Phase and Modulus Related to Interferences

Following a recent group theoretical quantization of the symplectic space S={(phi in R mod 2pi, p>0)} in terms of irreducible unitary representations of the group SO(1,2) the present paper proposes an application of those results to the old problem of quantizing modulus and phase in interference phenomena: The self-adjoint Lie algebra generators K_1, K_2 and K_3 of that group correspond to the classical observables p cos(phi), -p sin(phi) and p > 0 the Poisson brackets of which obey that Lie algebra, too. For the irreducible unitary representations of the positive series the modulus operator K_3 has the positive discrete spectrum {n+k, n=0,1,2,. ; k > 0}. Self-adjoint operators for cos(phi) and sin(phi) can then be defined as (K_3^{-1}K_1 + K_1 K_3^{-1})/2 and - (K_3^{-1} K_2 + K_2 K_3^{-1})/2 which have the theoretically desired properties for k >0.32. Some matrix elements with respect to number eigenstates and with respect to coherent states are calculated. One conclusion is that group theoretical quantization may be tested by quantum optical experiments.
Independent Prostate Cancer Cells − Androgen Receptor Activation in Androgen Depletion-Terminal WxxLF Motif for Aberrant 2 Selective Role of an NH Updated

Systemic prostate cancer therapy requires androgen ablation, which inhibits the production or action of androgens. Prostate cancer ultimately relapses during androgen ablation, and an androgen depletion-independent (ADI) phenotype emerges. Aberrant androgen receptor (AR) activation underlies therapy resistance at this stage of the disease, and mounting evidence implicates the large and highly disordered AR NH2-terminal domain (NTD) as a key mediator of this activity. In this study, we investigated the role of the NTD transactivation unit 5 (TAU5) domain in mediating AR transcriptional activity in cell-based models of prostate cancer progression. AR replacement and Gal4-based promoter tethering experiments revealed that AR TAU5 had a dichotomous function, inhibiting ligand-dependent AR activity in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells, while enhancing ligand-independent AR activity in ADI prostate cancer cells. Molecular dissection of TAU5 showed that a WxxLF motif was fully responsible for its ligandindependent activity. Mechanistically, WxxLF did not rely on an interaction with the AR ligand-binding domain to mediate ligand-independent AR activity. Rather, WxxLF functioned as an autonomous transactivation domain. These data show that ligand-dependent and ligand-independent AR activation rely on fundamentally distinct mechanisms, and define WxxLF as the major transactivation motif within the AR TAU5 domain. [Cancer Res 2007;67(20):10067–77]
Black, Hispanic, and White Doctoral Students: Before, During, and After Enrolling in Graduate School.

This study examined differences in educational experiences and performance of white, black, and Hispanic graduate students. The 1,352 students in the sample were selected from four large public research universities and were polled using a 142-item questionnaire, organized in the following categories: (1) demographic characteristics (sex, gender, race, and age); (2) undergraduate education; (3) transition from undergraduate school to doctoral program (time off, financial indebtedness, attendance status, change of major field); (4) experiences while enrolled in graduate school (faculty mentors, student interactions, time spent studying); (5) sources of financial support; (6) doctoral program outcome (grade point average and satisfaction with program) While the study found some similarities among the students surveyed, racial group differences were more significant; it was found, for example, that black students came from the poorest socioeconomic backgrounds, had attended less selective undergraduate institutions, and were less likely to major in science at the undergraduate level; that Hispanic students were more often full-time students, were more likely than black or white students to receive fellowships, and were more likely to be science majors in graduate school; that Hispanic students had the greatest amount of social involvement; and that black students felt more strongly than whites that mentors were supportive. (Contains 27 references.) (CH) ************************* ************ ****************************** ******** ***** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********* ******** ***************************************************************