Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Analysis of an Infrastructure Service Request Queue in Multichannel V2I Communications

This paper presents a concise yet comprehensive description of a multichannel vehicle-to-infrastructure communication system. Existing mathematical models for such a system overlook some of its essential behavioral characteristics such as the reneging, force termination, and, ultimately, blocking of service requests (SRs). Thus, the reported performance results obtained from these models seem to be unrealistically overoptimistic. Accordingly, in this paper, a multiserver queueing model is proposed for the purpose of accurately capturing the dynamics of the aforementioned communication system and evaluating its performance. The proposed model is renowned for its complexity and the nonexistence of closed-form analytical expressions that characterize its fundamental performance metrics. Hence, approximations were exploited as a means to enhance this model's mathematical tractability. Simulations are conducted in the context of a realistic scenario with the objective of validating the proposed approximate model, verifying its accuracy, and characterizing the system's performance in terms of several new metrics. The simulations' results indicate a cataclysmic SR blocking probability in the range of 65%-85%.
A framework for the evaluation of measurement-based timing analyses

A key issue with Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) analyses is the evaluation of the tightness and soundness of the results produced. In the absence of a ground truth, i.e. the Actual WCET (AWCET), such evaluations rely on comparison between different estimates or observed values. In this paper, we introduce a framework for the evaluation of measurement-based timing analyses. This framework uses abstract models of synthetic tasks to provide realistic execution time data as input to the analyses, while ensuring that a corresponding AWCET can be computed. The effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated by evaluating the impact of imperfect structural coverage on an existing measurement-based probabilistic timing analysis.
Judgment calls : 12 stories of big decisions and the teams that got them right

Your guide to making better decisions Despite the dizzying amount of data at our disposal today--and an increasing reliance on analytics to make the majority of our decisions--many of our most critical choices still come down to human judgment. This fact is fundamental to organizations whose leaders must often make crucial decisions: to do this they need the best available insights. In Judgment Calls, authors Tom Davenport and Brook Manville share twelve stories of organizations that have successfully tapped their data assets, diverse perspectives, and deep knowledge to build an organizational decision-making capability--a competence they say can make the difference between success and failure. This book introduces a model that taps the collective judgment of an organization so that the right decisions are made, and the entire organization profits. Through the stories in Judgment Calls, the authors--both of them seasoned management thinkers and advisers--make the case for the wisdom of organizations and suggest ways to use it to best advantage. Each chapter tells a unique story of one dilemma and its ultimate resolution, bringing into high relief one key to the power of collective judgment. Individually, these stories inspire and instruct; together, they form a model for building an organizational capacity for broadly based, knowledge-intensive decision making. You've read The Wisdom of Crowds and Competing on Analytics. Now read Judgment Calls. You, and your organization, will make better decisions.
Numerical Taxonomy: A Missing Link for Case-Based Reasoning and Autonomous Agents.

Numerical taxonomy, which uses numerical methods to classify and relate items whose prop- erties are non-numerical, is suggested as both an advantageous tool to support case-based reasoning and a means for agents to exploit knowledge that is best expressed in cases. The basic features of numerical tax- onomy are explained, and discussed in application to a problem where human agents with differing views obtain solutions by negotiation and by reference to knowledge that is essentially case-like: allocation of frequencies for shortwave radio broadcasting.
On Charge Conjugation, Chirality and Helicity of the Dirac and Majorana Equation for Massive Leptons

We revisit the charge-conjugation operation for the Dirac equation in its chiral representation. A new decomposition of the Dirac spinor field is suggested and achieved by means of projection operators based on charge conjugation, which is discussed here in a non-standard way. Thus, two separate two-component Majorana-type field equations for the eigenfields of the charge-conjugation operator are obtained. The corresponding free fields are entirely separated without a gauge field, but remain mixed and coupled together through an electromagnetic field term. For fermions that are charged and, thus, subjected to the gauge field of electrodynamics, these two Majorana fields can be reassembled into a doublet, which is equivalent to a standard four-component Dirac spinor field. In this way, the Dirac equation is retained in a new guise, which is fully equivalent to that equation in its chiral form.
Making Sense of Artifact Reusability in Early Design

Existing artifacts are the greatest resource, especially in the ideation phase, when designers are striving to come up with novel ideas. Systems allowing effective representation of artifacts could greatly benefit the early design process by providing access to relevant prior artifacts. However, there is a lack of such design support systems, which forces designers to employ adhoc strategies for accessing and utilizing needed artifacts. Here, we describe our research aimed to understand factors influencing reusability of artifacts during the early design process. Our findings indicate a need for novel organization and representation techniques to connect artifacts and associated communication not only to capture the early design process but also to support reusability of artifacts in the early ideation phase.
Intelligent Language Comprehension System for Automatic Data Analysis

The 911 attacking, London and India explosion, South Asia tsunami, Pakistan earthquake and North Korea missile launching incidences all brought terrible disaster or big threat. It is quite important for government agencies to acquire significant information and have good preparation before the disaster occurs. However, there are huge pike of information. How to extract and display the significant information in real time from possible huge pike of emerging data is a challenge, especially for the information presented in different language. Therefore, building an automatic data acquisition and analysis system for early warning is a must. In this paper, we propose an automatic data analysis scheme which is based on efficient language comprehension and information understanding. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and validity of our proposed method
Subchronic Exposure to TCDD, PeCDF, PCB126, and PCB153: Effect on Hepatic Gene Expression

We employed DNA microarray to identify unique hepatic gene expression patterns associated with subchronic exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and other halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs). Female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 13 weeks to toxicologically equivalent doses of four different HAHs based on the toxic equivalency factor of each chemical: TCDD (100 ng/kg/day), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF; 200 ng/kg/day), 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126; 1,000 ng/kg/day), or 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153; 1,000 μg/kg/day). Global gene expression profiles for each exposure, which account for 8,799 gene probe sets contained on Affymetrix RGU34A GeneChips, were compared by principal components analysis. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands TCDD, PeCDF, and PCB126 produced very similar global gene expression profiles that were unique from the nonAhR ligand PCB153, underscoring the extensive impact of AhR activation and/or the resulting hepatic injury on global gene expression in female rat liver. Many genes were co-expressed during the 13-week TCDD, PeCDF, or PCB126 exposures, including classical AhR-regulated genes and some genes not previously characterized as being AhR regulated, such as carcinoembryonic-cell adhesion molecule 4 (C-CAM4) and adenylate cyclase-associated protein 2 (CAP2). Real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction confirmed the increased expression of these genes in TCDD-, PeCDF-, and PCB126-exposed rats as well as the up- or down-regulation of several other novel dioxin-responsive genes. In summary, DNA microarray successfully identified dioxin-responsive genes expressed after exposure to AhR ligands (TCDD, PeCDF, PCB126) but not after exposure to the non-AhR ligand PCB153. Together, these findings may help to elucidate some of the fundamental features of dioxin toxicity and may further clarify the biologic role of the AhR signaling pathway.
MIMO radar 2-D real-time imaging algorithm and simulation

Conceptually, 2-dimentional(2D) imaging of radar target is a problem of 2D spatial spectrum filling of the target. Accordingly, MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) radar real-time imaging technology is proposed in this paper. Firstly, MIMO radar 2D imaging model is established based on electromagnetic scattering integral equation. Secondly, the spatial sampling ability is analyzed from the concept of spatial convolution of the antenna elements. Thirdly, MIMO radar 2-D real-time imaging procedure is presented. Simulation results show the effectiveness of MIMO radar real-time imaging algorithm.
Can Community Colleges Afford to Improve Completion? Measuring the Costs and Efficiency Effects of College Reforms

Community colleges are under pressure to increase completion rates and efficiency despite limited evidence of the economic consequences of different reform strategies. We introduce an economic model of student course pathways linked to college expenditures and revenues. Using detailed data from a single college, we calculate baseline efficiency and differences in efficiency for students who follow different pathways. We simulate changes in output, expenditures, revenues, net revenues, and efficiency assuming that the college meets particular performance targets. Findings indicate substantial differences in efficiency across pathways and significant differences in efficiency across strategies to help students complete college. They also suggest that increasing the completion rate is difficult and typically requires additional resources beyond the costs of implementing particular strategies. The model has wide practical application for community colleges.
The Impact of Adult Mortality on Primary School Enrollment in Northwestern Tanzania. Africa Region Human Development Working Paper Series.

The AIDS epidemic is doubling, or tripling the mortality of men, and women in their prime childbearing, and earning years in much of Sub-Saharan Africa, with the tragic result that an estimated one in ten African children under 15, has lost one, or both parents. High adult mortality threatens to reverse hard-won gains in raising school enrollments, and, the loss of a parent could reduce a child's chances of starting, continuing, or completing school, affecting his or her long-term productivity, earning capacity, health, and well-being. There is imperative need in understanding these impacts, which children are most affected, and which policy instruments will have the greatest impact on encouraging orphans to enter school, particularly important in countries like Tanzania, where overall enrollment rates are low, and resources are scarce. This study measures the impact of adult death, and parent's survival on primary school enrollment of children in northwestern Tanzania, where the HIV infection rates among adults as of the 90s, ranged from less than one percent, to more than twenty percent. Based on descriptive, and multivariate analyses of a longitudinal survey, the study finds that households are coping with adult deaths, by delaying enrollment in primary school, though maintaining older children's enrollment, especially so among children in poor households.
Cross-National , Cross-Cultural Organizational Behavior Research : Advances , Gaps , and Recommendations †

The advent of the 21st century has witnessed an increasing interest in developing knowledge of international management to meet the needs of global business development. To take stock of the progress in organizational behavior research with national culture as the major explanatory variable , the authors analyzed 93 empirical studies published in the 16 leading management journals from 1996 to 2005. This analysis shows some advances but also identifies many gaps in both theory and methods. They offer seven recommendations to address these gaps and advance future research. At the dawn of the 21st century, it is surely a cliché to say, " We live in a global environment. " Employees, teams, and organizations are increasingly operating in multicultural, †We appreciate valuable comments from Snejina Michailova, Klaus Meyer, and Editor Russell Cropanzano on an earlier draft of this article. multinational contexts. More and more firms are exporting work, not merely goods, to countries across the globe. Physical distance or time differences are no longer barriers to foreign investment. Local firms without venturing abroad are competing with global corporations. It is not surprising that the metaphors of a " flat world " (Friedman, 2005) or a " global village " (Ger, 1999) are fitting descriptions of the contemporary business world. The acceleration of global business development is accompanied by a surging interest in management research across cultures, as evidenced by the increasing presence of international studies in leading journals, along with comprehensive and informative reviews on the status of this research. to take stock of the status of international management research published in the Academy of Management Journal and expressed pride in its accomplishments. These reviews convey a sense of progress, excitement, and anticipation that the 21st century is certainly going to be, or should be, the century of international management research. About a decade ago, Lytle, Brett, Barsness, Tinsley, and Janssens (1995) provided a state-of-the-art assessment of cross-cultural research in organizational behavior. Earley and Singh (1995) pointed out that the empirical literature in cross-cultural research is plagued with " confusion concerning the role of culture and national context " (p. 337). Cavusgil and Das (1997) discussed methodological challenges in comparative cross-cultural research in management. These, and the aforementioned recent reviews, identified many conceptual and methodological gaps in the burgeoning literature. They concur that much work remains to build a solid body of knowledge on management or organizational behavior across cultures …
Synthesis of highly elastic biocompatible polyurethanes based on bio-based isosorbide and poly(tetramethylene glycol) and their properties

Bio-based high elastic polyurethanes were prepared from hexamethylene diisocyanate and various ratios of isosorbide to poly(tetramethylene glycol) as a diol by a simple one-shot bulk polymerization without a catalyst. Successful synthesis of the polyurethanes was confirmed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. Thermal properties were determined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The glass transition temperature was −47.8℃. The test results showed that the poly(tetramethylene glycol)/isosorbide-based elastomer exhibited not only excellent stress–strain properties but also superior resilience to the existing polyether-based polyurethane elastomers. The static and dynamic properties of the polyether/isosorbide-based thermoplastic elastomer were more suitable for dynamic applications. Moreover, such rigid diols impart biocompatible and bioactive properties to thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers. Degradation tests performed at 37℃ in phosphate buffer solution showed a mass loss of 4–9% after 8 weeks, except for the polyurethane with the lowest isosorbide content, which showed an initial rapid weight loss. These polyurethanes offer significant promise due to soft, flexible and biocompatible properties for soft tissue augmentation and regeneration.
The tools of government : a guide to the new governance

Machine generated contents note: 1 The New Governance and the Tools of Public Action: -- An Introduction I Lester M Salomon -- 2 Direct Government i ChristopherK. Leman -- 3 Government Corporations and Government-Sponsored -- Enterprises I Thomas H. Stanton and Ronald C. Moe -- 4 Economic Regulation LesterM. Sahaon -- 5 Social Regulation I Peter May -- 6 Government Insurance I Ron I1 Feldman -- 7 Public Information I anet A. Weiss -- 8 Corrective Taxes, Charges, and Tradable Permits I Joseph J Crdes -- 9 Contracting I Steven J. Kelman -- 10 Purchase-of-Service Contracting I Ruth Hoogand DeHoog and -- Lestr M. Salamon -- 11 Grants David R. Beam and Timothy i. Cmnan -- 12 Loans and Loan Guarantees I Thomas H. Stanton -- 13 Tax Expenditures I Christopher Howard -- 14 Vouchers I C Eugene Steuerle and Eric C Twombly -- 15 Tort Liability I Peter Schuck -- 16 Managing Indirect Government I Donald F. Keda -- 17 Financial Accountability in Indirect Government I John Lordan -- 18 Accountability Challenges of Third-Party Government I -- Paul L. Posner -- 19 The Politics of Tool Choice I B. Guy Peters -- 20 Policy Tools and Democracy I Steven Rathgeb Smith and Helen Ingram -- 21 European Experience with Tools of Government I -- Arthur B. Ringeling -- 22 The Tools Approach and the New Governance: Conclusion and -- Implications I LesterM. Salamon -- Bibliography -- Index.
The Redistributive State and Conflicts in Africa

This article argues that ethnic problems are only one aspect of political violence in Africa, while violent conflicts must be considered a failure of the state to perform some of its fundamental tasks. State formation in Africa is a transition process starting from an institutional endowment of ethnic division. Ethnic capital in Africa ensures the provision of many of the services that a modern state has taken over in rich countries, e.g. security, education, norms of behaviour. Few African states can deliver all these services adequately, and must go through an initial phase of federation of ethnic groups before they can provide a credible substitute for ethnic capital. The system of redistribution within and among groups is the key to creating the solidarity links between them, and its breakdown is liable to trigger political violence. A formal game-theoretic model is presented which brings out the impact of redistribution on rebellious activity, as well as the crucial role of the ability of the government to commit credibly to its expenditure policy. Without this, there is no redistribution taking place in equilibrium, and large amounts of resources are invested in warring. Civil wars, or other forms of political violence, are thus an integral part of the political economy of Africa.
Detection of transient synchrony across oscillating receptors by the central electrosensory system of mormyrid fish

Recently, we reported evidence for a novel mechanism of peripheral sensory coding based on oscillatory synchrony. Spontaneously oscillating electroreceptors in weakly electric fish (Mormyridae) respond to electrosensory stimuli with a phase reset that results in transient synchrony across the receptor population (Baker et al., 2015). Here, we asked whether the central electrosensory system actually detects the occurrence of synchronous oscillations among receptors. We found that electrosensory stimulation elicited evoked potentials in the midbrain exterolateral nucleus at a short latency following receptor synchronization. Frequency tuning in the midbrain resembled peripheral frequency tuning, which matches the intrinsic oscillation frequencies of the receptors. These frequencies are lower than those in individual conspecific signals, and instead match those found in collective signals produced by groups of conspecifics. Our results provide further support for a novel mechanism for sensory coding based on the detection of oscillatory synchrony among peripheral receptors. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.16851. 001
Algorithmic information for intermittent systems with an indifferent fixed point

Measuring the average information that is necessary to describe the behaviour of a dynamical system leads to a generalization of the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy. This is particularly interesting when the system has null entropy and the information increases less than linearly with respect to time. We consider two classes of maps of the interval with an indifferent fixed point at the origin and an infinite natural invariant measure. We calculate that the average information that is necessary to describe the behaviour of its orbits increases with time n approximately as n � , where α < 1 depends only on the asymptotic behaviour of the map near the origin.
Research on Establishment of Evaluation Model of Accounting for Safety Resources Based on Technology of Data Mining

This paper demonstrates the necessity of establishing the evaluation model of accounting for safety resources based on technology of data mining systematically. The author gives the connotations and the features of the proposed new model. The main viewpoint of the paper includes that this evaluation model for safety resources is used in all units with possible accidents in production and for estimating and reflecting the effectiveness of the safety resources provided in preventing accidents, and also for the compensation of the losses caused by the accidents in production within the entire process. In accordance with the connotations of this evaluation model, the main precondition of data mining in safety and the model of Data Envelopment Analysis for safety resources based on technology of data mining are also explained. The purpose of establishing this evaluation model of accounting is to promote effective management of safety resources invested in high dangerous enterprises.
Economics and Land‐Use Change in Prioritizing Private Land Conservation

Abstract: Incentive‐based strategies such as conservation easements and short‐term management agreements are popular tools for conserving biodiversity on private lands. Billions of dollars are spent by government and private conservation organizations to support land conservation. Although much of conservation biology focuses on reserve design, these methods are often ineffective at optimizing the protection of biological benefits for conservation programs. Our review of the recent literature on protected‐area planning identifies some of the reasons why. We analyzed the site‐selection process according to three important components: biological benefits, land costs, and likelihood of land‐use change. We compared our benefit‐loss‐cost targeting approach with more conventional strategies that omit or inadequately address either land costs or likelihood of land‐use change. Our proposed strategy aims to minimize the expected loss in biological benefit due to future land‐use conversion while considering the full or partial costs of land acquisition. The implicit positive correlation between the likelihood of land‐use conversion and cost of land protection means high‐vulnerability sites with suitable land quality are typically more expensive than low‐vulnerability sites with poor land quality. Therefore, land‐use change and land costs need to be addressed jointly to improve spatial targeting strategies for land conservation. This approach can be extended effectively to land trusts and other institutions implementing conservation programs.