Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel millimetre-wave band radio-over-fiber system with dense wavelength division multiplexing star architecture

In this paper, we propose a novel millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band radio over fiber (RoF) system with dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) star architecture. Two lasers with a small wavelength difference, phase locked and polarization-aligned, are allocated at a central station (CS) for connecting the CS and each base station (BS); one laser is used for transmitting light and the other for the remote local oscillator. For the conceptual illustration, we consider a DWDM RoF system with a channel spacing of 12.5 GHz and radio frequency (RF) of ~30-GHz mm-wave band. In the downlink system, a single-side band (SSB) subcarrier is used with low RF imposed onto an optical carrier at the CS, and an mm-wave band RF signal is obtained at each BS using direct photo-detection by the SSB subcarrier beat with the remote oscillator. In the uplink system, the received mm-wave band RF signal at each BS is imposed onto the two optical carriers simultaneously, one optical carrier with the closest SSB subcarrier is optically filtered out and fed into in the uplink transmission fiber without frequency interleaving; the electrical signal with a low intermediate frequency can be photo-detected directly at the CS. Such a RoF system has simple, cost-effective and maintenance reduced BS's, and is immune to laser phase noise in principle.
Optimal portfolio and consumption subject to multidimensional economic factors

In this paper we consider a model for a portfolio comprising a bond and N stocks, which are affected by M economic factors. We formulate an equation for the wealth to encompass instantaneous fraction of wealth invested in the bond and the equities and seek to optimize the utility of the terminal wealth and instantaneous consumption. We illustrate the results by considering an example for a portfolio with one bond, one stock, and one economic factor, namely the gross domestic product. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape Registration Using Deformable Self-Organizing Feature Maps

A novel approach to matching freeform surfaces for shape registration and object recognition is described in this paper. The proposed method builds a surface mesh of the underlying object geometry by iteratively deforming the nodal lattice of a spherical self-organizing feature map (SOFM) to “best” fit the measured 3D coordinate data. The final topology of the deformed mesh is, therefore, equivalent to the original lattice of the SOFM. Each node in the final mesh represents a cluster of coordinate points that lie in close spatial proximity in the input data space. In this way, closed surfaces with identical node topologies are created from different data sets. Information about node connectivity is then extracted from the ordered lattice and used to determine local surface features for correspondence matching. Based on the matched nodes, rigid body transformations between the original data sets can be determined. The shape registration algorithm enables comparisons to be made between different sized data sets or data acquired from similar freeform objects with arbitrary pose. The method is illustrated using measured coordinate data from three objects with complex freeform surface geometry.
The 2003 European summer heatwaves and drought –synoptic diagnosis and impacts

Europe was affected by a series of strong, persistent heatwaves during the summer of 2003. The largest positive anomalies in monthly mean temperatures were observed in June and August in a region stretching from south-west Germany across Switzerland to the eastern and southern parts of France (Figs. 1(a) and (e)). In eastern France, the northern parts of Switzerland and the German Alpine foreland, the June–August 2003 period was more than 5 degC warmer than the 1961–90 average, making 2003 the warmest summer in the above-mentioned area since at least 1864 (Schär et al. 2004; Bader and Zbinden 2003), but more likely since instrumental records began in the mid-to-late eighteenth century (Fricke 2003; Schönwiese et al. 2004). As a result, the impacts and the media interest were extraordinary. The World Health Organization ( WHO ) has estimated that the extreme heat caused more than 15 000 excess deaths in France, Portugal, and Italy alone ( WHO 2003). In the European Alps, extreme snow and glacier melt led to such an increased level of ice and rock falls in the mountain faces that the normal climbing routes to the highest and the most famous Alpine peaks (Mont Blanc and Matterhorn) had to be closed by the local authorities. Even though summer 2003 is not amongst the driest on record in central Europe
Direct growth of graphene nanomesh using a Au nano-network as a metal catalyst via chemical vapor deposition

Herein, we report a simple and facile method on the direct formation of graphene nanomesh (GNM) on insulating substrates by chemical vapor deposition using the Au metal nano-network as a metal catalyst. Well-ordered hexagonal honeycomb shapes of Au nano-network films synthesized using an anodized aluminum oxide template, served as catalysts for the growth of GNM. As-prepared GNM was characterized by various techniques and fabricated as a conducting channel in field effect transistors. Enhanced mobility and a relatively high ON/OFF ratio confirmed our synthetic strategy of the fabrication of GNM as an alternative to a conventional top-down lithographic approach.
Optimization of CRISPR–Cas system for clinical cancer therapy

Abstract Cancer is a genetic disease caused by alterations in genome and epigenome and is one of the leading causes for death worldwide. The exploration of disease development and therapeutic strategies at the genetic level have become the key to the treatment of cancer and other genetic diseases. The functional analysis of genes and mutations has been slow and laborious. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative approaches to improve the current status of cancer research. Gene editing technologies provide technical support for efficient gene disruption and modification in vivo and in vitro, in particular the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–Cas systems. Currently, the applications of CRISPR–Cas systems in cancer rely on different Cas effector proteins and the design of guide RNAs. Furthermore, effective vector delivery must be met for the CRISPR–Cas systems to enter human clinical trials. In this review article, we describe the mechanism of the CRISPR–Cas systems and highlight the applications of class II Cas effector proteins. We also propose a synthetic biology approach to modify the CRISPR–Cas systems, and summarize various delivery approaches facilitating the clinical application of the CRISPR–Cas systems. By modifying the CRISPR–Cas system and optimizing its in vivo delivery, promising and effective treatments for cancers using the CRISPR–Cas system are emerging.
Submonolayer regime of Co epitaxy on Pd(111): Morphology and electronic structure

We report on the early stage of Cobalt growth on Pd 111 studied with scanning tunneling microscopy. The electronic structure of the islands grown at 550 and 300 K was studied with scanning tunneling spectroscopy at low temperatures. Triangular monolayer-high islands grown at 550 K show fcc or hcp stacking. The position and the intensity of the surface-state peak depend on the stacking of these islands. On the hexagonal doublelayer islands grown at 300 K, a dislocation pattern appears, which contains atoms in fcc and hcp, as well as a dislocation line and top positions. Fcc and hcp regions show similar features in dI /dU spectra; however, the surface-state peak positions are slightly shifted. For these islands, spin-polarized STS measurements reveal a spin contrast reflecting perpendicular magnetization.
Bragg-Fresnel optics at the ESRF: microdiffraction and microimaging applications

Bragg-Fresnel optics shows excellent compatibility with ESRF sources and are capable of obtaining monochromatic submicron focal spots with 108 - 109 photons/sec in an energy bandwidth of 10-4 - 10-6 and in a photon energy range between 2 - 100 keV. Microprobe and microimaging techniques based on Bragg-Fresnel optics were realized at the ESRF beamlines.
The Role Of Social Media Marketing Activities In Increasing Brand Loyalty

The purpose of this study was to analyze the positive influence of social media marketing activities on brand loyalty both directly and through the mediating role of community engagement and brand engagement. The sample taken is with the criteria of individuals who have purchased fashion products on social media in the last 1 year. This study uses primary data obtained through questionnaires distributed to 211 respondents. Data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results of this study indicate that social media marketing activities do not have a direct (positive) influence on brand loyalty, but social media marketing activities have a positive influence on brand loyalty through the mediating role of community involvement and brand involvement.
Concept study of an Extremely Large Hyper Telescope (ELHyT) with 1200m sparse aperture for direct imaging at 100 micro-arcsecond resolution

The hypertelescope construction initiated in the Southern Alps (Labeyrie et al., this conference) has provided some preliminary operating experience indicating that larger versions, up to perhaps 1200m, are probably feasible at suitable sites. The Arecibo-like architecture of such instruments does not require the large mount and dome which dominate the cost of a 40m ELT. For the same cost, an "Extremely Large Hyper Telescope” ( ELHyT) may therefore have a larger collecting area. It may thus in principle reach higher limiting magnitudes, both for seeing-limited and, if equipped with a Laser Guide Star and adaptive phasing, for high-resolution imaging with gain as the size ratio, i.e. about 30 with respect to a 40m ELT. Like the radio arrays of antennas, such instruments can be grown progressively. Also, they can be up-graded with several focal gondolas, independently tracking different sources. Candidate sites have been identified in the Himalaya and the Andes. We describe several design options and compare the science achievable for both instruments, ELTs and ELHyTs. The broad science addressed by an ELHyT covers stellar chromospheres, transiting exoplanets and those requiring a high dynamic range, achieved by array apodization or coronagraphy. With a Laser Guide Star, it extends to faint compact sources beyond the limits of telescopes having a smaller collecting area, supernovae, active galactic nuclei, gamma ray bursts. The sparse content of remote galaxies seen in the Hubble Deep Field appears compatible with the crowding limitations of an ELHyT having 1000 apertures.
Simulating Global and North American Climate Using the Global Environmental Multiscale Model with a Variable-Resolution Modeling Approach

Abstract Results from two simulations using the Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) model in a variable-resolution modeling approach are evaluated. Simulations with a highly resolved domain positioned over North America and over the tropical Pacific–eastern Indian Ocean are assessed against the GEM uniform grid control run, 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40), and available observations in terms of regional and global climate and interannual variability. It is found that the variable-resolution configurations realistically simulate global and regional climate over North America with seasonal means and variability generally closer to ERA-40 or observations than the control run. Systematic errors of the control run are still present within the variable-resolution simulations but alleviated to some extent over their respective highly resolved domains. Additionally, there is some evidence of performance deterioration due to the increased resolution. There is little evidence that an increased resolution over th.
Simple measuring method for electro‐optic coefficients in poled polymer waveguides

A simple measuring technique for the linear electro‐optic coefficients in electro‐optic waveguides is described. The method is based on the direct evaluation of synchronous angle measurements obtained by prism coupling. No waveguide or electrode patterning is required. A model has been developed in order to simulate the relation between change in synchronous angle and applied electric field across the electro‐optic waveguide. The measured values of the electro‐optic coefficients in poled polymer waveguides are reported.
Functional Data Analysis (Springer Series in Statistics)

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Software update: Interpreting killer‐cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors from whole genome sequence data with PING

Here, we demonstrate improvements to our bioinformatic pipeline, PING, which provides high‐resolution genotyping of killer‐cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) sequencing data, that expand the method to provide KIR interpretation from whole genome sequencing (WGS) data. We evaluated performance using synthetic sequence datasets and real‐world data from the 1000 Genomes Project (1KGP). PING demonstrated high exonic genotyping performance on the synthetic sequence dataset meant to approximate real‐world data at 95% accuracy (N = 1366). This result was mirrored in the analysis of 1KGP European data (N = 215) with most genes showing near or below 5% frequency of unresolved exonic genotypes, which is an important indicator for genotyping errors in real‐world data. An analysis into the distributions of genotyping errors for the synthetic sequence datasets gave insights into how to further improve genotype accuracy. Similarly, an analysis into ambiguous exonic genotype frequencies for the 1KGP European data, which showed high rates of unresolved genotypes, highlighted that an effective phasing method will be an impactful future additional to the PING workflow. Together, these results demonstrate that PING can effectively provide high‐resolution KIR genotyping on WGS data.
Closed-Aperture Z-Scan Analysis for Nonlinear Media with Saturable Absorption and Simultaneous Third- and Fifth-Order Nonlinear Refraction

We present a theory of open- and closed-aperture Gaussian beam Z-scan for nonlinear optical materials with saturable absorption and high-order nonlinear refraction. We show that an approximate expression for a transmitted intensity through the nonlinear optical material is possible by means of the Adomian’s decomposition method and the thin film approximation. The theory is applied to semiconductor CdSe quantum dot-polymer nanocomposite films. It is shown that the theory well explains measured results of open- and closed-aperture transmittances in the Z-scan setup. It is also shown that the nanocomposite film possesses simultaneous third- and fifth-order nonlinear refraction as well as saturable absorption of a homogeneously broadened type.
Loneliness among surgical patients - measuring levels of loneliness using De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale

Objective: Loneliness is a state that most people will experience during their lifetime. In order to raise awareness of loneliness and its complexity, we attempted to measure the span of loneliness among the surgical patients hospitalized in the Department of Surgery in the 4th Military Teaching Hospital in Wroclaw. The aim of this study was to establish correlations between loneliness, measured using and four other variables: age, gender, nutritional state and quality of life of surveyed patients. Material and methods: A total of 100 patients in the Surgery Department in the 4 th Military Teaching Hospital in Wroclaw, Poland, were enrolled. The Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire was used to assess their nutritional status; the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHO-QoL-BREF) was used to assess their quality of life; the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (DJGLS) and Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (R-UCLA) were used to assess their loneliness level. Results:The WHO-QoL-BREF showed that patients’ quality of life (QoL) self-perception was between average and good, health self-perception was average as well. Lowest score of QoL was found in the physical domain whereas the highest was found in the social domain. The MNA showed that 8% of the study group was malnourished, 49% at risk of malnutrition and 43% displayed a normal nutritional status. 49% of the study group experience loneliness during study by DJGLS. A significant positive correlation between loneliness status and QoL was observed in physical health self-perception (r=0,226, p=0,024). Negative correlation was found between loneliness and QoL in psychological, social and environmental domains (p<0,001). Conclusions: Loneliness has a significant negative impact on the quality of life.Sex, age and nutritional status can not be predictors of patient’s loneliness. More than half of patients were in a disturbing nutrition state.
Quantifying the number of color centers in single fluorescent nanodiamonds by photon correlation spectroscopy and Monte Carlo simulation

The number of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers (N-V)− in fluorescent nanodiamond (FND) has been determined by photon correlation spectroscopy and Monte Carlo simulations at the single particle level. By taking account of the random dipole orientation of the multiple (N-V)− fluorophores and simulating the probability distribution of their effective numbers (Ne), we found that the actual number (Na) of the fluorophores is in linear correlation with Ne, with correction factors of 1.8 and 1.2 in measurements using linearly and circularly polarized lights, respectively. We determined Na=8±1 for 28 nm FND particles prepared by 3 MeV proton irradiation.
Rigorous integral approach to the problem of scattering from a modulated periodic medium obtained through conformal mapping

The method described is an alternative way to solve, by means of a rigorous integral method, the problem of electromagnetic scattering from a typical periodic medium. This medium is issued from a particular conformal mapping that transforms a periodic surface-relief grating into a volume grating bounded by a perfect mirror. Thus the method indirectly solves the problem of scattering from a perfectly conducting rough grating and leads to a single integral equation of the Fredholm type with a simple kernel for each fundamental polarization. Numerical solution of the equation is computed through Gaussian integration, and computing time is less than 1 s per point on a workstation. Application is then made to different types of grating such as cycloidal, blaze, and N-level binary gratings coated with a highly conducting metal such as silver or gold.
Random lasers ensnared

A random laser is formed by a haphazard assembly of nondescript optical scatters with optical gain. Multiple light scattering replaces the optical cavity of traditional lasers and the interplay between gain, scattering and size determines its unique properties. Random lasers studied till recently, consisted of irregularly shaped or polydisperse scatters, with some average scattering strength constant across the gain frequency band. Photonic glasses can sustain scattering resonances that can be placed in the gain window, since they are formed by monodisperse spheres [1]. The unique resonant scattering of this novel material allows controlling the lasing color via the diameter of the particles and their refractive index. Thus a random laser with a priori set lasing peak can be designed [2]. A special pumping scheme that enables to select the number of activated modes in a random laser permits to prepare RLs in two distinct regimes by controlling directionality through the shape of the pump [3]. When pumping is essentially unidirectional, few (barely interacting) modes are turned on that show as sharp, uncorrelated peaks in the spectrum. By increasing angular span of the pump beams, many resonances intervene generating a smooth emission spectrum with a high degree of correlation, and shorter lifetime. These are signs of a phaselocking transition, in which phases are clamped together so that modes oscillate synchronously.
Effectiveness of Instructional Planning and Strategies of Teachers as A National Professional Standard for Teachers in Pakistan

Implementation of national professional standards for teachers in Pakistan and finding their effects on the performance of working teachers remained a research proposition; this study was conducted to find the effectiveness of instructional planning and strategies of teachers as national professional standards for teachers in Pakistan. It was an ex facto causal-comparative study. The application and effectiveness of instructional planning and strategies were found by exercising the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system in secondary schools. The study population was 189 secondary school principals, 1872 secondary school teachers, and 40 conveners of monitoring evaluation teams and academic results of secondary schools. Stratified sampling techniques were opted to select a sample from a diverse population. 133 male and female secondary school principals, 270 secondary school teachers and 20 conveners from all over Pakistan. Semi-structured interviews for conveners and a five-point Likert scale questionnaire were developed for secondary school principals & secondary school teachers. A mixed method was used to analyse the qualitative and quantitative data. Data were analysed by using mean scores, difference, and t-value comparisons. It was concluded that secondary school teachers adopted the application of instructional planning and strategies with the need for improvement in the skill development aspect. In contrast, instructional planning and strategies proved effective in raising the performance of secondary school teachers. It is recommended that NPSTs in Pakistan would be devised and implemented from the primary to university level. There is a need for rigorous training of teachers to develop their skills aspects.