Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of the hippocampal region in the rat II. Morphogenesis during embryonic and early postnatal life

Morphogenesis of the entire hippocampal region was examined in normal rats from embryonic (E) day E10 to E22 and on postnatal (P) days P1, P7, and P21, and was correlated with autoradiographic datings (Bayer, '79c). This region is postulated to form from two connected primordia in the telencephalon, easily recognizable on E16. One lies in the dorsomedial wall and generates a portion of the subiculum, Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus. The other lies in the dorsoposterior wall and generates the entorhinal cortex and part of the parasubiculum and presubiculum. A cortical plate appears in the presumptive entorhinal region on E17; a cell‐sparse fibrous zone appears in the middle of the cortical plate on E19. Lamination in the entorhinal cortex proceeds from lateral to medial and from deep to superficial, with the thickening of layer III being the last to appear on E22. Lamination in the subiculum starts on E18, but the distinction between superficial laminae in the para‐ and presubiculum cannot be made until E22. The stratum pyramidale is small on E20 in presumptive Ammon's horn, then greatly lengthens between E21‐P1. In early dentate gyrus development, cells migrate from the neuroepithelium near the outgrowth of the fimbria and adjacent to the choroid plexus toward a subpial location. The ectal limb of the granular layer appears at the two extremes of the dentate gyrus on E20; the endal limb apears perinatally and develops rapidly to become morphologically similar to the ectal limb by P7.
Study of the Effect of an Oral Formulation of Fig and Olive on Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Remission Indicators: A Randomized Clinical Trial

This study was designed to explore the complementary effects of a combination formulation of olive oil, olive and fig fruits on RA remission indicators. A randomized controlled clinical trial was designed. Adult RA patients were randomly divided into two groups receiving routine Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) regimen (control group) and routine DMARDs regimen plus the herbal supplementary formulation of olive oil, fig and olive fruits (intervention group). Patients were followed every 4 weeks for total study period of 16 weeks. In addition to demographic and medical history of the patients, the Disease Activity Score with 28-joint counts based on Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (DAS28_ESR) were recorded. SPSS (version 22.0) software was used to analyze data, assuming p<0.05 as significance level. 56 patients (control = 27 and intervention = 29), with mean ± sd age of 50.91 ± 12.26 years completed the study. Repeated measures analysis revealed that differences between remission indicators in the two study groups were not statistically significant, however, there was a p = 0.03 for the within-subjects contrast test of the Patient Global Assessment (PtGA), approving a nonlinear change for PtGA with respect to time. No between groups differences in adjunct drug therapy pattern for disease flares were seen. In conclusion, although, non-significant changes in the study variable of DAS28_ESR is in agreement with few previous reports, nevertheless, trends in its reduction in the intervention group along with the significant delayed PtGA score improvements occurred in the intervention group convince us to suggest further investigations on the supplementary olive and fig products, with a longer follow up periods.
Ischemic Preconditioning Targets the Respiration of Synaptic Mitochondria via Protein Kinase Cε

In the brain, ischemic preconditioning (IPC) diminishes mitochondrial dysfunction after ischemia and confers neuroprotection. Activation of ε protein kinase C (εPKC) has been proposed to be a key neuroprotective pathway during IPC. We tested the hypothesis that IPC increases the levels of εPKC in synaptosomes from rat hippocampus, resulting in improved synaptic mitochondrial respiration. Preconditioning significantly increased the level of hippocampal synaptosomal εPKC to 152% of sham-operated animals at 2 d of reperfusion, the time of peak neuroprotection. We tested the effect of εPKC activation on hippocampal synaptic mitochondrial respiration 2 d after preconditioning. Treatment with the specific εPKC activating peptide, tat-ψεRACK (tat-ψε-receptor for activated C kinase), increased the rate of oxygen consumption in the presence of substrates for complexes I, II, and IV to 157, 153, and 131% of control (tat peptide alone). In parallel, we found that εPKC activation in synaptosomes from preconditioned animals resulted in altered levels of phosphorylated mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins: increased serine and tyrosine phosphorylation of 18 kDa subunit of complex I, decreased serine phosphorylation of FeS protein in complex III, increased threonine phosphorylation of COX IV (cytochrome oxidase IV), increased mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreased H2O2 production. In brief, ischemic preconditioning promoted significant increases in the level of synaptosomal εPKC. Activation of εPKC increased synaptosomal mitochondrial respiration and phosphorylation of mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins. We propose that, at 48 h of reperfusion after ischemic preconditioning, εPKC is poised at synaptic mitochondria to respond to ischemia either by direct phosphorylation or activation of the εPKC signaling pathway.
Detecting the Internet Water Army via comprehensive behavioral features using large-scale E-commerce reviews

Online reviews play a crucial role in helping consumers to make purchase decisions. However, a severe problem Internet Water Army (a large amount of paid posters who write inauthentic reviews) emerge in many E-commerce websites recently which dramatically undermines the value of user reviews. Although the word Internet Water Army originated from China, some other countries also suffered from this problem. Many organized underground paid poster groups found it extremely profitable to mislead the consumers by writing fake reviews. It had become more and more challenging to accurately detect the water army who could alter their writing style. In this paper, we design a comprehensive set of features to compare paid posters against normal users on different dimensions. Then we build an ensemble detection model of seven different algorithms. Our model has reached 0.726 in AUC measure and 0.683 in F1 measure on JD dataset, 0.926 in AUC measure and 0.871 in F1 measure on Amazon dataset, which outperforms previous studies. Our work provides some practical solutions and guidance to this severe problem for the whole E-commerce industry.
Concept Development Status of Rural Preschoolers

Abstract The present investigation was carried out in rural areas of Hisar district of Haryana state. To assess the concept development status of rural children, baseline survey was conducted on 240 children of 3-5 years using Boehm Test of Basic Concepts – R (1984). For further in-depth study of children’s conceptual development, half of the sample i.e. 120 children were continued with based on their relatively low conceptual scores. These 120 children were again divided into experimental and control group. So 60 children comprised of experimental group and rest 60 children were a part of control group. The results revealed that about half of children fell in average category in their performance. Further analysis of data revealed that 90 percent of experimental and control group children had clarity to 8 and 9 concepts in general. Half of the children could adequately answer 37 concepts in experimental and 39 concepts in control group out of a total of 50 concepts on Form ‘C’. With regard to children’s performance on ‘Application’, half of the children could perform 14-17 concepts out of 25 concepts.
Identifi cation of Species-Diagnostic Inter Simple Sequence Repeat Markers for Ten Phyllanthus Species

Phyllanthus has been widely used in traditional medicine as an antipyretic, a diuretic, and to treat liver diseases and viral infections. Correct genotype identification of medicinal plant material remains important for the botanical drug industry. Limitations of chemical and morphological approaches for authentication have generated the need for newer methods in quality control of botanicals. In the present study, attempts were made to identify species- diagnostic markers for ten Phyllanthus species using the inter simple sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction (ISSR-PCR) fingerprinting method. PCR amplification using seven ISSR primers resulted in significant polymorphism among the populations from different species. P. angustifolius and P. urinaria showed monomorphic frequency of maximum (63.88%) and minimum (20.64%), respectively. Seventeen species-diagnostic markers were identified for seven species (P. acidus, P. emblica, P. fraternus, P. urinaria, P. rotundifolius, P. amarus, and P. angustifolius) while no marker was detected for P. reticulatus, P. nivosus, and P. virgulatus. A maximum of six species-diagnostic markers were identified for P. acidus and a minimum of only one of 755 bp was available for P. amarus. Among the seventeen markers, nine were present in all individuals of particular species. The speciesspecific differences in fragment numbers and sizes could be used as diagnostic markers to distinguish the Phyllanthus species quickly
Reactions to a remote-controlled video-communication robot in seniors' homes: a pilot study of feasibility and acceptance.

OBJECTIVE Remote telepresence provided by tele-operated robotics represents a new means for obtaining important health information, improving older adults' social and daily functioning and providing peace of mind to family members and caregivers who live remotely. In this study we tested the feasibility of use and acceptance of a remotely controlled robot with video-communication capability in independently living, cognitively intact older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mobile remotely controlled robot with video-communication ability was placed in the homes of eight seniors. The attitudes and preferences of these volunteers and those of family or friends who communicated with them remotely via the device were assessed through survey instruments. RESULTS Overall experiences were consistently positive, with the exception of one user who subsequently progressed to a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment. Responses from our participants indicated that in general they appreciated the potential of this technology to enhance their physical health and well-being, social connectedness, and ability to live independently at home. Remote users, who were friends or adult children of the participants, were more likely to test the mobility features and had several suggestions for additional useful applications. CONCLUSIONS Results from the present study showed that a small sample of independently living, cognitively intact older adults and their remote collaterals responded positively to a remote controlled robot with video-communication capabilities. Research is needed to further explore the feasibility and acceptance of this type of technology with a variety of patients and their care contacts.
Retinal Vein Occlusions

AbstractRetinal vein occlusions (RVOs) are second to diabetic retinopathy in the prevalence as retinal vascular disorder and are characterized by dilatation of the retinal veins with retinal and subretinal hemorrhages, macular edema, hard retinal exudates, retinal ischemia, and consequent atrophy of the retina and optic nerve. They are differentiated into central RVOs and branch RVOs (BRVO), into ischemic versus nonischemic RVOs, and in the case of BRVOs, into intrapapillary BRVOs and extrapapillary BRVOs. Diagnosis is based on ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The latter can display the presence and integrity of the retinal outer limiting membrane and of the inner and outer segments of the photoreceptors as useful information for prognosis and a guide for treatment. Risk factors for RVOs are glaucoma and arterial hypertension. Ischemic RVOs can develop iris neovascularization and secondary angle-closure glaucoma. Formerly, therapy consisted of laser photocoagulation in a “grid” pattern over the leaking area, leading to a reduction of macular edema and, as adverse effect, to focal retinal destruction. Intravitreal medical therapy including steroids and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors shows a marked antiedematous effect leading to an at least temporary reduction in foveal edema and correspondingly improves visual function. Intravitreal medical therapy is associated with the disadvantage of a limited duration of its effect and the advantage of not damaging the retina. A preventive therapy to avoid a recurrence of RVO or the development of an RVO in the contralateral eye has not been proven yet.
Application of angular diversity in OFDM systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) can be successfully used in mitigating the effect of multipath in a wireless channel. However, its' performance degrade in the presence of Doppler spreading. In this paper, multiple beamforming using uniform linear arrays (ULA) is used for OFDM systems to reduce Doppler spread and exploit the advantage of diversity. Each of the beams receiver signal which equal Doppler spread, which are combined using equal gain combining (EGC). We also present a method of determining the frequency compensating parameters, for beams pointing in different directions. Finally, our simulation results show that angular diversity in OFDM systems can provide significant improvement as compared to using only single beamforming.
Analysis of the influence of single event effects on the characteristics for SiC power MOSFETs

Because of properties of high speed, high breakdown voltage, low leakage current and high temperature resistance, silicon carbide (SiC) power devices can be used as processing units in advanced space high-power power system and high temperature propulsion power. However, the single event gate-rupture and burn-out on silicon carbide (SiC) power devices is main problem in space application for its high voltage when comes to radiation particles, such as SiC power MOSFETs. For the safe operation of SiC power MOSFETs in space, the Safe Operating Area (SOA) must be confirmed. In this paper, the single event effects testing of SiC power MOSFETs devices under different drain-source voltages are studied. It was found that the threshold voltage of the devices reduced and the drain-source voltage increased after the single event effect testing. Based on the analysis of different testing data, The safe operating voltage of the device is obtained. The the Drain-Source on-State resistance characteristics from being tested samples were provided. Suggestion on SiC power MOSFETs devices for space application was given at last.
Cerebral Ischemia : The Role of Thrombosis and of Antithrombotic Therapy Study Group on Antithrombotic Therapy

A revival of interest in antithrombotic agents for the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease has resulted in the widespread use of oral anticoagulants for the prophylaxis and therapy of the ischemic variety of stroke, and has generated enthusiasm for the use of platelet-suppressant agents such as aspirin, dipyridamole, and sulfinpyrazone. In delineating the several clinical types of focal ischemic disease and outlining the causes of cerebral ischemia and infarction, the study group considers the problems of data interpretation in the face of inconsistent terminology. The basic mechanisms of hemostasis and thrombogenesis are concisely detailed. Finally, the study group critically reviews extensive earlier reports of clinical trials of anticoagulants, platelet function suppressants, and thrombolytic agents, and reassesses according to present-day statistical standards the significance of the results. The information contained in this report should familiarize the reader with sufficient data to permit him to utilize antithrombotic agents under a variety of circumstances and to appreciate the contraindications and potential dangers in their use.
Person-Centred Communication: Theory, Skills And Practice

Foreword by Colin Lago Preface Part I: Theory and skills Introduction Communication basics and neuroscience What is person-centred communication? Attentiveness, listening, understanding, sharing Characteristics of person-centred communication Part II: Practice Person-centred communication in counselling and psychotherapy Dialogue Online person-centred communication Person-centred communication in writing Part III: Experiential learning Communication in person-centred technology-enhanced learning Person-centred encounter groups Part IV: Conclusion Personal Reflections 'Thanks! ' Bibliography Index
Strategies and mechanisms for the control of transcriptional initiation of mammalian protein-coding genes.

An ability to exercise precise control over a large number of genes, with widely differing patterns of expression, is a requirement for all organisms and this ability reaches its most sophisticated level in mammalian systems. Although there are numerous examples of control being exerted at every stage along the expression pathway, the key control point in most instances appears to be at the first stage of the process the transcriptional initiation event itself. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of current ideas on the control of transcriptional initiation in mammalian cells, both in the context of recent developments in mammalian systems and by analog}' with more advanced studies in prokaryotes and yeast. (See Ptashne, 1986; Struhl, 1987, for reviews on transcriptional initiation in bacteria and yeast, respectively.)
Cross-layer transmit power and beacon rate adaptation for VANETs

The key benefit of VANETs comes in the form of safety applications. Broadcast is the predominant form of communication for safety messages. However, due to the fast changes occurring in the network topology (sparse, dense, congested), vehicles within a VANET may face many disturbances such as collisions which can cause performance degradations. Thus it becomes hard to maintain an efficient channel utilization and so maximize the network capacity. In this paper, the idea is to take into account the dynamically changing topology of a VANET (local traffic density) and have each vehicle able to dynamically adapt its PHY QoS-parameter (Transmit Power) according to its fast changing channel conditions, network load, and link quantities of upper-layers. The proposed mechanism, called Transmit Power Adaptation (TPA) relies on channel estimate at PHY layer and uses feedback from an adaptive beaconing system (also presented) which builds the local view of a vehicle at the network layer. We have evaluated the performance of TPA through simulation with ns-3 simulator. Results show that TPA clearly outperforms the default 802.11 broadcasting mechanism in terms of network capacity. TPA also outperforms a similar adaptive technique not based on channel estimate in terms of network capacity for three scenarios.
Noninvasive Detection of Response and Resistance in EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer Using Quantitative Next-Generation Genotyping of Cell-Free Plasma DNA

Purpose: Tumor genotyping using cell-free plasma DNA (cfDNA) has the potential to allow noninvasive assessment of tumor biology, yet many existing assays are cumbersome and vulnerable to false-positive results. We sought to determine whether droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) of cfDNA would allow highly specific and quantitative assessment of tumor genotype. Experimental Design: ddPCR assays for EGFR, KRAS, and BRAF mutations were developed using plasma collected from patients with advanced lung cancer or melanoma of a known tumor genotype. Sensitivity and specificity were determined using cancers with nonoverlapping genotypes as positive and negative controls. Serial assessment of response and resistance was studied in patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancer on a prospective trial of erlotinib. Results: We identified a reference range for EGFR L858R and exon 19 deletions in specimens from KRAS-mutant lung cancer, allowing identification of candidate thresholds with high sensitivity and 100% specificity. Received operative characteristic curve analysis of four assays demonstrated an area under the curve in the range of 0.80 to 0.94. Sensitivity improved in specimens with optimal cfDNA concentrations. Serial plasma genotyping of EGFR-mutant lung cancer on erlotinib demonstrated pretreatment detection of EGFR mutations, complete plasma response in most cases, and increasing levels of EGFR T790M emerging before objective progression. Conclusions: Noninvasive genotyping of cfDNA using ddPCR demonstrates assay qualities that could allow effective translation into a clinical diagnostic. Serial quantification of plasma genotype allows noninvasive assessment of response and resistance, including detection of resistance mutations up to 16 weeks before radiographic progression. Clin Cancer Res; 20(6); 1698–705. ©2014 AACR.
Contribution to a new critical theory of multiculturalism

I would like to characterize Drucilla Cornell and Sara Murphy’s essay ‘Anti-racism, multiculturalism, and the ethics of identification’ as a rearticulation of the aims of the politics of identity and difference in terms of a radical existential ethics of freedom. This novel ‘demand for freedom’ struggles to win ‘the psychic and moral space necessary for groups and individuals to engage with and re-create their multiple identifications’ (422). Since no human origins are simply given or even historically innocent, groups and individuals must inevitably choose their past, present and future relations within them. And harnessing that ethics of freedom can empower the socio-political struggles against racist exclusion and for multicultural recognition. With this manner of situating Cornell and Murphy’s analysis, I am able to read it, on the one hand, in the lineage of a long tradition of existentially inflected social theory.1 On the other hand, I can highlight how their work develops a new critical theory of multiculturalism.
Strategy Effectiveness of Game-Theoretical Solution Concepts in Extensive-Form General-Sum Games

Game theory describes the conditions for the strategies of rational agents to form an equilibrium. However, game theory can fail from the prescriptive viewpoint and can serve only as a heuristic recommendation for agents. There exists a plethora of game theoretic solution concepts, however, their effectiveness has never been compared; hence, there is no guideline for selecting correct algorithm for a given domain. Therefore, we compare the effectiveness of solution-concept strategies and strategies computed by Counterfactual regret minimization (CFR) and Monte-Carlo tree search in practice. Our results show that (1) CFR strategies are typically the best, and (2) the effectiveness of the refinements of NE depends on the utility structure of the game.
A phenomenological approach to understanding the psychological response to chronic low back pain

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a complex health problem of psychological manifestations not fully understood. Using interpretive phenomenological analysis, 11 semi-structured interviews were conducted to help understand the meaning of the lived experience of CLBP; focusing on the psychological response to pain and the role of depression, catastrophizing, fear-avoidance behavior, anxiety and somatization. Participants characterized CLBP as persistent tolerable low back pain (TLBP) interrupted by periods of intolerable low back pain (ILBP). ILBP contributed to recurring bouts of helplessness, depression, frustration with the medical system and increased fear based on the perceived consequences of anticipated recurrences, all of which were mediated by the uncertainty of such pain. During times of TLBP all participants pursued a permanent pain consciousness as they felt susceptible to experience a recurrence. As CLBP progressed, participants felt they were living with a weakness, became isolated from those without CLBP and integrated pain into their self-concept.