Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Cuttlefish Ink as an Additive to Produce ­Non‐iridescent Structural Colors of High Color Visibility

Non-iridescent structural colors of high color visibility are produced by amorphous photonic structures, in which -natural cuttlefish ink is used as an additive to break down the long-range order of the structures. The color hue and its spectral purity can be tuned by adjusting the diameter of the polystyrene (PS) spheres and the proportion of ink particles.
The Individual Risk Assessment of Terrorism

I attempt to identify the central conceptual and methodological challenges that must be overcome if the risk assessment of terrorism is to make the same progress that in recent years has distinguished the risk assessment of other forms of violence. Four principal conclusions are offered. First, clarity from the outset on what is being assessed — the risk of terrorism in the aggregate, or of specific types of terrorism, or of specific phases in the process of becoming a terrorist, or of specific roles in terrorist activity — is a prerequisite to progress in research.Second, one current approach to the risk assessment of more common violence (e.g., assault) — the approach known as structured professional judgment — usefully may be applied to the risk assessment of terrorism. However, given that many known risk factors for common violence are in fact not risk factors for violent terrorism, the substantive content of any instrument to assess the risk of terrorism will be very different from the substantive content of current instruments that address common violence. Third, since there is little existing evidence supporting the non-trivial validity of any individual risk factors for terrorism, the highest priority for research should be the identification of robust individual risk factors. Promising candidates include ideologies, affiliations, grievances, and “moral” emotions. Finally, it is highly unlikely that an instrument to assess the risk of terrorism can be validated prospectively. An infrastructure for facilitating access to known groups of terrorists and non-terrorists from the same populations may be crucial for conducting a program of scientifically rigorous and operationally relevant research on the individual risk assessment of terrorism.
Heerlen polymorphism of protein S, an immunologic polymorphism due to dimorphism of residue 460.

We recently developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for total protein S (PS) antigen using the monoclonal antibody S-12. During the screening of thrombophilic patients we identified a patient, who was using marcoumar, with 0% PS by monoclonal ELISA and 23% PS by polyclonal ELISA. Further analysis of this patient and his family showed that the patient was a compound heterozygote for type 1 PS deficiency and for an abnormal PS molecule (PS-Heerlen) that was not recognized by the S-12 antibody. Similar observations were made in two sisters from an unrelated Dutch family. Subsequent studies showed that PS Heerlen has a slightly lower molecular weight (71,000) than normal PS (73,000), binds normally to C4b-binding protein, and retains full activated protein C cofactor activity. The alteration in the PS Heerlen molecule was identified as a substitution of Ser460 by Pro, which is due to a unique T---C transition in exon 13 of the active PS-alpha gene. The substitution occurs in the consensus sequence for the potential N-linked glycosylation of Asn458. Digestion with N-glycanase showed that normal PS probably contains three N-linked oligosaccharide side chains, while PS Heerlen contains only two (Asn458 not glycosylated? ). Segregation analysis in the two original families showed that the presence of the genetic abnormality was always associated with the PS-Heerlen phenotype. The frequency of the PS-Heerlen allele was found to be 0.52% in the general population and 0.67% in a population of patients with unexplained thrombophilia. There is no evidence that the PS Heerlen allele is associated with an increased risk for thrombosis.
Allometric Modeling of the Bench Press and Squat: Who Is the Strongest Regardless of Body Mass?

Olympic weightlifting and powerlifting are 2 competitive contests of strength that use individual weight categories. Because of the positive correlation between body mass and strength, determining the strongest body mass-adjusted competitor involves using a model that appropriately adjusts for a body mass variable. Allometric modeling (AM), using the index y · x−b, where y is lifting performance, x is body mass, and b is an allometrically derived exponent, has been proposed as an effective method to correct for body mass. However, recent findings have indicated that a second-order polynomial model may be more appropriate than AM when correcting for body mass in Olympic-style weightlifting (clean and jerk, snatch), which is more a measure of power than of powerlifting. Our purpose was to determine whether AM provides an appropriate fit to men's powerlifting (bench press, squat, deadlift) world records, which are more a measure of pure strength. All powerlifting world records as of November 1997 were obtained from the International Powerlifting Federation, and body mass was assumed to be the maximal allowable weight for each competitor. Results indicate that AM of world records for the bench press and squat are void of any body mass bias and contain normally distributed residuals. However, the same cannot be said for the deadlift. Therefore, the AM approach appears to be a satisfactory method of determining the strongest body mass-adjusted men in the bench press and squat. We recommend continued use of AM to compare athletes of different body mass using BP · BM−0.57 and SQ · BM−0.60, where BP is bench press, SQ is squat, and BM is body mass.
Factors affecting the regulation of apo b secretion by liver cells

The concentration of apo B is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis, and thus its reduction is associated with a reduction in CHD mortality. In order to reduce apo B concentrations effectively, we must understand how plasma apo B concentration is regulated. Apo B is synthesized, assembled, and secreted by the liver, controlling this process will reduce the number of particles that eventually enter the plasma compartment. The assembly of apo B into a VLDL particle is a complex process which occurs through several stages: peptide synthesis, translocation, accumulation of lipid, and transport through the secretory pathway. Multiple control points regulate the synthesis and secretion of apolipoproteins. Modulation of transcription, translation and intracellular degradation represent independent regulatory mechanisms. The ability of the lipoprotein to bind cotranslationally to lipid appears to be crucial to the formation of a secreted particle. This process may be regulated solely by MTP, or may be modified by the activity of the lipid-synthesizing enzymes. A great deal of evidence supports the role of TG and CE synthesis, although the relative importance of these two lipids is a source of major controversy. In summary, all the lipoprotein components can be limiting for apo B and VLDL synthesis when their availability is substantially decreased. The rate-limiting component in vivo has still not been identified. By understanding how lipoprotein synthesis and assembly are regulated, it should become possible to design new ways of altering these processes in a beneficial manner.
Phased Computation Graphs in the Polyhedral Model

We present a translation scheme that allows a broad class of dataflow graphs to be considered under the optimization framework of the polyhedral model. The input to our analysis is a Phased Computation Graph, which we define as a generalization of the most widely used dataflow representations, including synchronous dataflow, cyclo-static dataflow, and computation graphs. The output of our analysis is a System of Affine Recurrence Equations (SARE) that exactly captures the data dependences between the nodes of the original graph. Using the SARE representation, one can apply many techniques from the scientific community that are new to the DSP domain. For example, we propose simple optimizations such as node splitting, decimation propagation, and steady-state invariant code motion that leverage the fine-grained dependence information of the SARE to perform novel transformations on a stream graph. We also propose ways in which the polyhedral model can offer new approaches to classic problems of the DSP community, such as minimizing buffer size, code size, and optimizing the schedule.
Timing in the cerebellum : a matter of network inhibition

DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the following people for their non-academic contributions: To my parents, Chuan-fen and Jing-yan: I am fortunate to have you as my role model in science, and in life. and Sam. Thank you for your discussions and inspirations, for making me think and grow. To Jenni, thank you for showing me how to walk the path of science. To my advisor, Mike, for giving me the opportunity to do this work. I am grateful to be able to work on what I dreamed of since high school. The motor functions of an animal require precisely timed and coordinated sequences of movements. The cerebellum is crucial for performing these functions with precision. To investigate cerebellar computations involved in precise motor movements, behavioral paradigms such as delay eyelid conditioning have been used. Delay eyelid conditioning trains an animal to close its eye in response to a previously neutral stimulus. The timing of the eyelid closure responses suggests that the cerebellum is capable of keeping track of the elapsed time since the onset of the stimulus. This dissertation proposes a network mechanism for cerebellar timing based on biologically informed simulations of the cerebellum. In chapter 2, a simulation with over a million cells is described. This simulation approaches the observed cerebellar connectivity in several well studied mammals. Graphics processing units (GPUs) provide the computational power necessary to perform this simulation at a practical speed. This chapter describes simulation algorithms that efficiently utilize GPUs. In vi chapter 3, the simulation is used to explore cerebellar timing mechanisms. The lateral inhibition among cerebellar Golgi cells is observed to be a potential mechanism for robust timing. Lateral Golgi inhibition enables the simulation to better replicate animal eyelid conditioning behavior for longer inter-stimulus intervals. In chapter 4, the emergent network mechanisms of lateral Golgi inhibition are analyzed by decomposing the network into its individual components. This component analysis demonstrates that nonreciprocal connectivity (where one Golgi cell inhibits another but does not receive inhibition in return) is useful for timing. Specifically, removing nonreciprocal connectivity greatly degrades the simulation's ability to keep track of time. This implies that the aforementioned component analyses are relevant to the emergent timing mechanisms of the network. Finally, in chapter 5, this dissertation discusses the relevance and limitations of the computational approach, biological predictions, and component analysis presented in previous chapters. 1 The motor functions of an animal require …
Physiological evidence for a trans‐basal ganglia pathway linking extrastriate visual cortex and the superior colliculus

Non‐technical summary The superior colliculus (SC) is a subcortical brain structure critically involved in the production of eye and head movements to novel or salient visual cues. But to accomplish its function, an input from visual cortex also is required. Because visual cortex projects directly to the SC, this route is typically viewed as the predominant way by which cortex exerts higher‐level control over SC‐mediated behaviours. However, anatomical studies suggest that other multi‐neuronal circuits through the basal ganglia, a collection of interconnected structures involved in decision making, might provide an alternative way for cortex to influence the SC. The present study provides physiological evidence for such an alternative route and affords additional insights into how the brain initiates and controls movements in response to visual cues. Such knowledge could be important for developing therapies to lessen the effects of visual deficits in patients experiencing loss of function following head trauma or stroke.
Analysis of Phenolic and Cyclic Compounds in Plants Using Derivatization Techniques in Combination with GC-MS-Based Metabolite Profiling

Metabolite profiling has been established as a modern technology platform for the description of complex chemical matrices and compound identification in biological samples. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in particular is a fast and accurate method widely applied in diagnostics, functional genomics and for screening purposes. Following solvent extraction and derivatization, hundreds of metabolites from different chemical groups can be characterized in one analytical run. Besides sugars, acids, and polyols, diverse phenolic and other cyclic metabolites can be efficiently detected by metabolite profiling. The review describes own results from plant research to exemplify the applicability of GC-MS profiling and concurrent detection and identification of phenolics and other cyclic structures.
In Situ Simulation Comparing In-Hospital First Responder Sudden Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Using Semiautomated Defibrillators and Automated External Defibrillators

Introduction: Multifaceted approaches using simulation and human factors methods may optimize in-hospital sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) response. The Arrhythmia Simulation/Cardiac Event Nursing Training-Automated External Defibrillator phase (ASCENT-AED) study used in situ medical simulation to compare traditional and AED-supplemented SCA first-responder models. Methods: The study was conducted at an academic 719-bed hospital with institutional review board approval. Two simulation scenarios were developed and featured either respiratory arrest with perfusing bradycardia or ventricular fibrillation (VF) arrest. Study floors were equipped with either a semiautomated defibrillator (SD) only (control) or with both SD and AED (experimental); subjects functioned as solitary first responders and did not receive resuscitation training. Results: Fifty nurses were enrolled on control (n = 25) and experimental (n = 25) floors. The groups' nonblinded performances exhibited the following differences during VF scenario: slower calls for help by the control group [mean time to completion of 25 ± 17 seconds versus 18 ± 11 seconds for the experimental group (P < 0.05)] and fewer subjects in the control group performing chest compressions [44.0% versus experimental group's 95.8% (P < 0.001)]. Eighty-eight percent of the control group defibrillated the manikin at an average of 155 ± 59 seconds, with 32.0% of those subjects using semiautomated rhythm analysis; 100% (not significant [NS]) of experimental group defibrillated at 154 ± 72 seconds (NS) with 100% AED analysis (P < 0.001). Fewer control group subjects (28.0%) were observed during the bradycardia scenarios to perform inappropriate chest compressions than the AED-supplemented subjects [69.6% (P = 0.01)]; nonindicated defibrillation was delivered during these scenarios by a single subject in the control group. Twenty-eight percent and 72% of VF scenarios were managed appropriately by control and experimental groups, respectively; bradycardia scenarios were managed without severe adverse event by 64% of control group and 28% of experimental group. Conclusions: In situ simulation can provide useful information, both anticipated and unexpected, to guide decisions about proposed defibrillation technologies and SCA response models for in-hospital resuscitation system design and education before implementation.
Swedish primary‐school teachers’ attitudes to inclusion – the case of PE and pupils with physical disabilities

Teachers play a decisive role in making inclusive education a reality. The particular case of inclusion in physical education (PE) poses a specific challenge to teaching practice. How PE teachers view inclusion may provide special insights into teachers’ general attitudes toward inclusion and inclusive practices in the general school curriculum. The aim of this study is to investigate Swedish PE teachers’ attitudes to inclusion of pupils with physical disabilities in mainstream PE classes at primary school. The sampling frame was members of the Swedish Teachers’ Union who had registered themselves as PE teachers and who indicated a current e‐mail address (n = 560). Respondents were invited to complete an e‐mail questionnaire with questions covering demographics, general attitudes, support from school management and staff, possible hindrances and personal experiences of inclusion. A total of 221 teachers (39%) responded, equal numbers of males and females with a bimodal age distribution (means of 28 and 44) with an average of eight years of service. On average, Swedish PE teachers are very positive to inclusion of pupils with physical disabilities into general PE. Gender, age, years of service and work satisfaction had no impact on general opinions of inclusive PE. PE teachers with actual previous experience of teaching pupils with physical disabilities were slightly more positive to inclusive PE. Stepwise multiple regressions were used to establish a predictive model of positive attitudes to inclusion based on: (1) having adequate training; (2) having general school support (from management and staff); and (3) demands on resources. This yielded an adjusted R 2 that explained 33% of variation in attitudes.
Credentials, Signals, and Screens: Explaining the Relationship Between Schooling and Job Assignment

The empirical relationship between educational attainment and credentials with socioeconomic attainment is well established, but why this relationship arises remains in doubt. The author of this article discusses seven types of middle-range theories meant to explain the relationship: human capital, screening (including filtering), signaling, control, cultural capital, institutional, and credentialist theories. In each, the central causal mechanism concerns how employers and job seekers acquire and use labor market information. The author argues that occupational status attainment and wage determination models are not adequate to explain the mechanisms underlying the process whereby the highly schooled become the highly placed in job hierarchies. He indicates the implications of transformations of the American labor market for further assessment of the relationship between educational credentials and job assignment.
Role of Cellular Casein Kinase II in the Function of the Phosphoprotein (P) Subunit of RNA Polymerase of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (*)

The phosphorylation of the P protein of vesicular stomatitis virus by cellular casein kinase II (CKII) is essential for its activity in viral transcription. Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated that CKII converts the inactive unphosphorylated form of P (P0) to an active phosphorylated form P1, after phosphorylation at two serine residues, Ser-59 and Ser-61. To gain insight into the role of CKII-mediated phosphorylation in the structure and function of the P protein, we have carried out circular dichroism (CD) and biochemical analyses of both P0 and P1. The results of CD analyses reveal that phosphorylation of P0 to P1 significantly increases the predicted α-helical structure of the P1 protein from 27 to 48%. The phosphorylation defective double serine mutant (P59/61), which is transcriptionally inactive, possesses a secondary structure similar to that of P0. P1, at a protein concentration of 50 μg/ml, elutes from a gel filtration column apparently as a dimer, whereas both P0 and the double serine mutant elute as a monomer at the same concentration. Interestingly, unlike wild-type P1 protein, the P mutants in which either Ser-59 or Ser-61 is altered to alanine required a high concentration of CKII for optimal phosphorylation. We demonstrate here that phosphorylation of either Ser-59 or Ser-61 is necessary and sufficient to transactivate L polymerase although alteration of one serine residue significantly decreases its affinity for CKII. We have also shown that P1 binds to the N-RNA template more efficiently than P0 and the formation of P1 is a prerequisite for the subsequent phosphorylation by L protein-associated kinase. In addition, mutant P59/61 acts as a transdominant negative mutant when used in a transcription reconstitution assay in the presence of wild-type P protein.
The Swansea internal quality audit processes: a case study

Applying internal quality audit processes and procedures into higher education institutions has been under active consideration since the days of the former Higher Education Quality Council (HEQC) and the ideas have been much discussed within the Quality Assurance Agency (QAA) and by other funding agencies. There have, however, been few role models. Consequently, Swansea Institute decided to promote and implement its own internal system. This paper provides a case study description and analysis of this process including a consideration of the planning involved, institutional audit practice, selection and training of the auditors, the findings from the first six audits and finally, the review and evaluative outcomes along with a progress update.
An exploratory study of the impact of intervening variables on student performance in a Principles of Accounting course

The purpose of this paper is to provide some new empirical evidence on the determinants of student performance in a Principles of Accounting course at Birzeit University situated in the Occupied West Bank. It examines the impact of a number of new attitudinal variables on examination performance. The empirical results suggest that, in addition to a number of standard control variables, student perceptions of factors associated with class size, the attributes of the lecturer, student effort and the complexity of the course are associated with student performance in a first level principles of accounting course.
Ieee Projects 100% Working Code + Documentation+ Explaination – Best Price Securing Broker-less Publish/subscribe Systems Using Identity-based Encryption Ieee Projects 100% Working Code + Documentation+ Explaination – Best Price

The provisioning of basic security mechanisms such as authentication and confidentiality is highly challenging in a content based publish/subscribe system. Authentication of publishers and subscribers is difficult to achieve due to the loose coupling of publishers and subscribers. Likewise, confidentiality of events and subscriptions conflicts with content-based routing. This paper presents a novel approach to provide confidentiality and authentication in a broker-less content-based publish/subscribe system. The authentication of publishers and subscribers as well as confidentiality of events is ensured, by adapting the pairing-based cryptography mechanisms, to the needs of a publish/subscribe system. Furthermore, an algorithm to cluster subscribers according to their subscriptions preserves a weak notion of subscription confidentiality. In addition to our previous work, this paper contributes 1) use of searchable encryption to enable efficient routing of encrypted events, 2) multicredential routing a new event dissemination strategy to strengthen the weak subscription confidentiality, and 3) thorough analysis of different attacks on subscription confidentiality. The overall approach provides fine-grained key management and the cost for encryption, decryption, and routing is in the order of subscribed attributes. Moreover, the evaluations show that providing security is affordable w.r. t. 1) throughput of the proposed cryptographic primitives, and micans infotech LOW PRICE GUARANTEED 2) delays incurred during the construction of the publish/subscribe overlay and the event dissemination.