Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The signaling pathway of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its role in kidney diseases

Abstract The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) regulates the trafficking of progenitor cell (PGC) during embryonic development, cell chemotaxis, and postnatal homing into injury sites. SDF-1 also regulates cell growth, survival, adhesion and angiogenesis. However, in different tissues/cells, the role of SDF-1 is different, such as that it is increased in most of the tumors and associated with cancer metastasis, whereas it is essential for the development of vasculature. For kidney diseases, its role remains controversial. Signaling pathways might be very important in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. We performed this review to provide a relatively complete signaling pathway flowchart for SDF-1 to the investigators who were interested in the role of SDF-1 in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. Here, we reviewed the signal transduction pathway of SDF-1 and its role in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases.
Living under a cloud of threat: the experience of Iranian female caregivers with a first‐degree relative with breast cancer

Breast cancer is a global threat to all women, especially those having close relatives with breast cancer. Women who were caregivers to relatives with breast cancer are more vulnerable to stress caused by the perception of heightened risk of cancer. Because health measures and breast health are affected by cultural beliefs and social status, information about breast cancer should consider the cultural beliefs and values of the society.
Foster youth transitions to adulthood: a longitudinal view of youth leaving care.

The well-being of youths who age out of the out-of-home care system in the U.S. has long been of great interest to child welfare practitioners and policymakers. In spite of this interest, however, very little is known about how these youths fare when they must make the transition to independence. The Foster Youth Transitions to Adulthood Study is tracking the experiences of 141 young adults who left care in Wisconsin in 1995 and 1996. This article describes these youths and their experiences in the first 12 to 18 months after leaving care. The findings suggest that the transition to independence is a difficult time for youth leaving the out-of-home care system.
Augmented repair of acute tendo Achilles ruptures with gastrosoleus turn down flap

Background We present the results of primary repair of acute tendo Achilles (TA) rupture augmented with gastrosoleus turn down fap technique. Patients and Methods 78 consecutive patients with a complete acute rupture of the Achilles tendon operated between 1993 and 2004 were included in study. We performed a modifcation of the Lindholm technique in which the primary Kessler suture repair of the tendon was augmented by a turn-down ≈3 cm × 10 cm gastrosoleus aponeurosis fap. In all cases, a short-leg circular walking cast was applied at 90° of the ankle dorsifexion for 3 weeks and all the patients were encouraged to full weightbearing ambulation immediately. After removal of the cast, isometric and isokinetic ankle exercises were performed for 3 weeks. Modifed Rupp Score was used to evaluate the subjective satisfaction. Results All of patients returned to daily activity and 54 (69%) of them returned to previous sport activity. The tendon repair failed in two patients and they were reoperated with an allograft. Three patients developed infection and one of them required débridement. One developed deep venous thrombosis and two permanent sural nerve injuries were encountered. One of the patients had a severe skin necrosis, which was treated with rotation fap. The mean Rupp score was 29 (3-33). Conclusion Primary repair of acute tendo Achilles rupture augment with gastrosoleus turn down fip technique in combination of immediate weightbearing ambulation provides a good outcome, but is associated with similar complication rates to the previous literature.
Detecting Quotable Sentences from Text Using Syntactic Token Augmentation and Recurrent Neural Networks

From the beginning of the literary era, 'Quotations' have been inspiring writers and avid readers. The information outburst starting right from the printing of books to digitization of such media, hints towards the innumerable occurrences of unexposed quotations. In this paper, we explore an approach to detect and extract quotable sentences from large text corpses. Analysis of quotations from the gold standard sources suggests that quotable sentences can be detected with their intrinsic properties of sentence structure and style of speech that makes the quotations meaningful, concise, and effective. However, subjectivity of this property makes this problem more convoluted than any other binary text classification problem. To resolve that, we describe a method to preserve sentence semantics during the process of filtering and classification of sentences. Our language model with Recurrent Neural Networks outperforms the other approaches to detect quotations with 84.30% accuracy, which is a significant 2.8% improvement with our own statistical model. The work also adds to the understanding of the impact of manually designed features on text classification problems.
Distribution of subsequent primary invasive melanomas following a first primary invasive or in situ melanoma Queensland, Australia, 1982-2010.

IMPORTANCE Melanoma survivors are known to have a highly elevated risk of subsequent primary melanomas. OBJECTIVE To determine the relative risk of subsequent primary invasive melanomas following a first primary invasive or in situ melanoma, with a focus on body site. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A retrospective cohort study was conducted using population-based administrative data for melanoma diagnoses collected by the Queensland Cancer Registry, Queensland, Australia. Deidentified records of all cases of melanoma among Queensland residents during the period 1982-2005 were obtained and reviewed to December 31, 2010. There were 39,668 eligible cases of first primary invasive melanoma and 22,845 cases of first primary in situ melanoma. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), a proxy measure for relative risk, were calculated by dividing the observed number of subsequent primary invasive melanomas by the product of the strata-specific incidence rates that occurred in the general population and the cumulative time at risk for the cohort. Synchronous subsequent melanomas (diagnosed within 60 days of the first primary melanoma) were excluded. Differences between SIRs were assessed using multivariate negative binomial regression adjusted for sex, age group, time to second diagnosis, and body site and expressed in terms of adjusted SIR ratios with corresponding 95% CIs. RESULTS There were 5358 subsequent primary invasive melanomas diagnosed, resulting in SIRs of 5.42 (95% CI, 5.23-5.61) and 4.59 (4.37-4.82) for persons with a first primary invasive or in situ melanoma, respectively. The SIRs remained elevated throughout the follow-up period. In general, subsequent primary invasive melanomas were more likely to occur at the same body site as the initial invasive or in situ melanoma. The largest relative risk was for females with a first primary invasive melanoma on the head followed by a subsequent primary invasive melanoma also on the head (SIR, 13.32; 95% CI, 10.28-16.98). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Melanoma survivors require ongoing surveillance, with particular attention required for the body site of the initial lesion. Clinical practice guidelines have recognized the importance of monitoring for people with invasive melanoma; the results of the present study highlight the need for similar levels of supervision for those with a diagnosis of in situ melanoma.
Impressions of Ford and Reagan

Candidate organizations recruit delegates from among a candidate's committed partisans and this determines the distribution of votes in advance of the convention. This means that the function of the convention has shifted from choosing the nominee-through bargaining among uncommitted leaders and delegates-to deciding how to respond to the nominee, mainly through individual psychological adjustments. When a candidate loses, his loyalists have a difficult time adjusting to the winner. Within this new context, the images delegates form of candidates help to determine whether they accept the nominee as legitimate and worthy of their support. The images and impressions of candidates are simply what individual delegates think to be the personal characteristics of their man and of his opponent. A favorable impression of an opponent makes it easier for a delegate to adjust to that person as the nominee. The candidates present themselves as they want to be seen by others and, in so doing, provide the raw material out of which delegates fashion their impressions. Erving Goffman distinguishes between how people want to be seen, revealed by how they express or present themselves, and how they actually impress others. '
PROBLEMS OF INTERACTIVE SEGMENTATION

Computer-assisted surgery makes a patient-individual treatment feasible, aiming at decreased surgical risk and reduced recovery time of patients. At present, in areas of application, e.g., heart surgery as well as craniofacial surgery, its use is still limited to complex cases due to the high effort. In surgical planning, it is caused by extensive medical image analysis, including tissue classification. Especially, the classification (or segmentation) requires a lot of manual intervention. For a long time research has been devoted solely to computational aspects of segmentation, where usability aspects has been out of scope. This article focuses on the major problems of interactive segmentation and provides consequences on the segmentation process towards a solution.
PRESENTATION Methodological challenges in participation research

Participation is a well-established subject in the social sciences. Individual participation, non-governmental organizations, interest groups, and social movements have all been important fields of research for years, at least among sociologists and political scientists. Each of these areas has also developed its own methodological traditions and debates, permitting new researchers entering the field to have a clear idea of the choices offered them if they want to study the identities of participants in social movements or the new forms of online participation.More recently, a different kind of citizen participation has become more widespread: a participation that is non-conventional because it takes place beyond elections and party politics, but which is also institutional because it is organized or at least sustained by local governments or other public institutions. Citizen participation is not understood here primarily as the act of voting or joining a political organization, nor is it conceived as the involvement in social movements or even NGOs. Instead it consists of the involvement in specific and relatively new kinds of public spheres that enable citizens to be associated with the political and administrative decision-making process. To a certain extent, it goes beyond classical representative government, where rulers and public opinion interact only in very fluid ways. These specific participation mechanisms had existed in the past, but have developed more strongly in the last two or three decades. Participatory and deliberative experiments are in fact now part of the normal political and administrative decision-making arena. New devices have been invented, tested and partly routinized, and new professional careers have been created to nurture them. Clearly, participatory or deliberative democratic institutions are not the whole story in contemporary politics and
Legionella shows a diverse secondary metabolism dependent on a broad spectrum Sfp-type phosphopantetheinyl transferase

Several members of the genus Legionella cause Legionnaires’ disease, a potentially debilitating form of pneumonia. Studies frequently focus on the abundant number of virulence factors present in this genus. However, what is often overlooked is the role of secondary metabolites from Legionella. Following whole genome sequencing, we assembled and annotated the Legionella parisiensis DSM 19216 genome. Together with 14 other members of the Legionella, we performed comparative genomics and analysed the secondary metabolite potential of each strain. We found that Legionella contains a huge variety of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that are potentially making a significant number of novel natural products with undefined function. Surprisingly, only a single Sfp-like phosphopantetheinyl transferase is found in all Legionella strains analyzed that might be responsible for the activation of all carrier proteins in primary (fatty acid biosynthesis) and secondary metabolism (polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide synthesis). Using conserved active site motifs, we predict some novel compounds that are probably involved in cell-cell communication, differing to known communication systems. We identify several gene clusters, which may represent novel signaling mechanisms and demonstrate the natural product potential of Legionella.
Influence of Videofilm-Induced Emotional Stress on the Flow Properties of Blood

The hemorheologic effects of emotional stress induced by a videofilm were investigated in 10 healthy volunteers. Blood samples were obtained from the antecubital vein before, during, and after the end of the videofilm. Blood pressure and heart rate were simultaneously measured. There was a statistically significant increase in blood and plasma viscosity during and immediately after the end of the videofilm, which correlated with an increase in plasma catecholamine concentrations. This hemorheologic behavior can be explained as a result of an endogenous hemoconcentration that takes place if the Starling equilibrium of intravascular vs extravascular fluid is changed. These observations could lead to new aspects of the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction initiated by severe emotional stress.
Endurance characterization of the Cu-dope HfO2 based selection device with one transistor-one selector structure

We investigated the endurance characteristics of a Cu-doped HfO2 selector device in one transistor-one selector (1T1S) structure, which is fully compatible with standard BEOL process. The device exhibits high endurance of 1010 under 10 μΑ compliance current. However, reduced endurance (105) was observed as increasing the compliance up to 100 μΑ. Under the condition of high operation, intrinsic defect in the HfO2 layer was possibly generated and resulted in endurance degradation.
Photodynamic therapy in dermatology: state of the art

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive therapeutic modality, in which the excitation by visible light of photosensitizing substances leads to the production of extremely cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (mainly singlet oxygen), which lead to rapid cell membrane damage, resulting in tumour destruction. PDT was pioneered by Dougherty et al . 1 in the 1970s for its clinical use in the treatment of cancer of various organs, including the skin; this led to its recent legal administrative approval in the United States, Japan and the Netherlands for the palliative treatment of internal tumours, such as lung and oesophagus cancer. Depending on the photosensitizer wavelengths of red light around 630 nm and above have been mainly used for PDT, as at those wavelengths the penetration of light into tissue is greatest and, thus, tumours can be destroyed with a thickness of up to 10 mm. In this issue Dijkstra et al . now report on the successful use of violet light (400–450 nm) in topical δ -aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)–PDT for the treatment of actinic keratoses, Bowen’s disease and superficial basal cell carcinoma. The concept of clinical ALA– PDT, in which the exogenous topical administration of ALA as a ‘bioprodrug’ leads to the endogenous cellular production of photosensitizing concentrations of protoporphyrin IX, has been first established by Kennedy et al . 2 for the treatment of skin cancers and their precursors. The use of short wavelengths of visible light may be advantageous for the treatment of thin superficial skin lesions because 1 deep light penetration is not necessary there and 2 protoporphyrin IX has its maximal light absorption at the Soret band of 410 nm, making the PDT effect (that is a product of photosensitizer concentration and light dose) maximal. 3,4 Indeed, previous studies from the Department of Dermatology, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria have revealed that full spectrum visible light (containing short blue– violet light) as well as long wave ultraviolet A radiation were more effective than red light in the treatment of actinic keratoses. 3 Also, phase III testing of topical ALA–PDT with blue light has very recently resulted in the United States in its approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment for actinic keratoses on face and scalp. 5 A 20% ALA solution (Levulan®, KerastickTM, DUSA Pharmaceuticals Inc, Wilmington, MA, USA) is applied by a specially designed dermal applicator to the skin for 14–18 h before exposure to blue light with a peak at the wavelength of 417 nm. The complete clearance rate for actinic keratoses by this form of ALA–PDT is above 70% at 12 weeks after one or two treatment exposures. 5 Importantly, as highlighted in earlier studies actinic keratoses on the head (in contrast to lesions on other body sites) seem for yet unknown reasons to respond better to topical ALA–PDT. 3,6
Evaluation of MafG interaction with Maf recognition element arrays by surface plasmon resonance imaging technique

Specific interactions between transcription factors and cis‐acting DNA sequence motifs are primary events for the transcriptional regulation. Many regulatory elements appear to diverge from the most optimal recognition sequences. To evaluate affinities of a transcription factor to various suboptimal sequences, we have developed a new detection method based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging technique. Transcription factor MafG and its recognition sequence MARE (Maf recognition elements) were adopted to evaluate the new method. We modified DNA immobilization procedure on to the gold chip, so that a double‐stranded DNA array was successfully fabricated. We further found that a hydrophilic flexible spacer composed of the poly (ethylene glycol) moiety between DNA and alkanethiol self‐assembled monolayers on the surface is effective for preventing nonspecific adsorption and facilitating specific binding of MafG. Multiple interaction profiles between MafG and six of MARE‐related sequences were observed by the SPR imaging technique. The kinetic values obtained by SPR imaging showed very good correlation with those obtained from electrophoretic gel mobility shift assays, although absolute values were deviated from each other. These results demonstrate that the double‐stranded DNA array fabricated with the modified multistep procedure can be applied for the comprehensive analysis of the transcription factor‐DNA interaction.
Physiology of behavioral mutants of Rhizobium meliloti: evidence for a dual chemotaxis pathway

Wild-type and nonchemotactic mutant strains of Rhizobium meliloti were tested for attraction to localized sites on alfalfa roots and for attraction to numerous small molecules, including sugars, amino acids, and two fractions derived from alfalfa root extracts. Four strains (carrying mutations che-6, che-11, che-12, and che-26) lost all responses and were classified as generally nonchemotactic mutants. One strain (carrying mutation che-7) lost responses to a group of structurally unrelated amino acids but retained all other responses and was classified as a putative sensory transducer mutant. Two strains (carrying mutations che-1 and che-3) lost responses to all the amino acids and sugars tested but retained normal responses to localized sites on roots and to the root fractions. These two mutant strains could not be classified according to the generally accepted model for a sensory pathway, derived from studies of enteric bacteria, and provided evidence for a dual chemotaxis pathway in R. meliloti.
Software documentation writing on the project of software upgrade and maintenance

The software documentation is unpopular among many developers at present while the documents are important for the staffs who work for secondary development and software maintenance. For this phenomenon, a teaching method of writing software documentation is proposed in this paper, in which the software maintenance is the driving force to make students fully understand and grasp the method of software documentation writing through an upgrade and maintenance software project. And students learn to write effective software documentation to establish the level and structure of the document.
Threat Messages in the Partisan Media Environment and Job Performance Approval Under President Obama

Is the current partisan information environment cueing threat in its coverage of Barack Obama’s presidency? When President Obama first took office, he entered a climate of support that was both bipartisan and ethnically diverse. Two months later, he held the most polarized early job approval ratings of any president in the past forty years of polling research. Concurrently, support among whites began to decline while support among minority Americans remained strong. This paper investigates why job performance approval of President Obama became so immediately polarized among the U.S. electorate, in terms of both political ideology and race/ethnicity. Drawing from political communication and political psychology theory, the partisan information environment, specifically FOX News coverage from 2009, will be examined through content analysis for messages of threat. It is predicted that the psychological underpinnings of this content could have provoked an intolerant reaction among sections of the public, and that this reaction is reflected in poll data over the same period showing declining support among Right-leaning partisans and whites. The U.S. economy will also be examined during this timeframe, as an alternative and/or related explanation for the trends in support.