Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bacteria existing in pre-pollinated styles (silks) can defend the exposed male gamete fertilization channel of maize against an environmental Fusarium pathogen

In flowering plants, fertilization requires exposing maternal style channels to the external environment to capture pollen and transmit its resident sperm nuclei to eggs. This results in progeny seed. However, environmental fungal pathogens invade developing seeds through the style. We hypothesized that prior to environmental exposure, style tissue already possesses bacteria that can protect styles and seed from such pathogens. We further hypothesized that farmers have been inadvertently selecting immature styles over many generations to have such bacteria. We tested these hypotheses in maize, a wind-pollinated crop, which has unusually long styles (silks) that are invaded by the economically-important fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum (Fg). Here, unpollinated silk-associated bacteria were cultured from a wild teosinte ancestor of maize and diverse maize landraces selected by indigenous farmers across the Americas, grown in a common Canadian field for one season. The bacteria were taxonomically classified using 16S rRNA sequencing. In total, 201 bacteria were cultured, spanning 29 genera, 63 species, and 62 unique OTUs, dominated by Pseudomonas, Pantoea and Microbacterium. These bacteria were tested for their ability to suppress Fg in vitro which identified 10 strains belonging to 6 species: Rouxiella badensis, Pantoea ananatis, Pantoea dispersa, Pseudomonas koreensis, Rahnella aquatilis, and Ewingella americana. Two anti-Fg strains were sprayed onto silks before/after Fg inoculation, resulting in ≤90% reductions in disease (Gibberella ear rot) and 70-100% reductions in associated mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol and zearalenone) in progeny seeds. These strains also protected progeny seeds post-harvest. Confocal fluorescent imaging showed that one silk bacterium (Rouxiella AS112) colonized susceptible entry points of Fg on living silks including stigmatic trichomes, wounds, and epidermal surfaces where they formed thick biofilms. Post-infection, AS112 was associated with masses of dead Fg hyphae. These results suggest that the maize style (silk) is endowed with potent bacteria from the mother plant to protect itself and progeny from Fusarium. The evidence suggests this trait may have been selected by specific indigenous peoples, though this interpretation requires further study.
Soil Particle-size Analysis of Vegetables Big Awning in the Qingge Da Lake Town Urumqi City

The soil matrix is composition of the different proportion,thick and thin different of the particle-size,the different shape.It can be divide into 4 levels which are the gravel,the sand,the silt and the clay.But the soil grain-size distribution is affecting the soil hydraulic characteristic,the soil fertility condition as well as the soil erosion and so on.It is one of important soil physical characteristics.Because the different particl-size soil particle,its physics-chemistry property is difference.The soil grain-size distribution had decided to the soil structure and the nature in a certain extent.It has the extremely vital significance in the agricultural use.
MULTIMODAL REPRESENTATIONS ACROSS SCIENTIFIC GENRES: PERSPECTIVES FROM SCIENCE TEACHERS' PRACTICES

Multimodal representations have caught science education researchers’ attention due to its immense role in meaning making. While much have been written about this area of research, the interplay between multimodal representations and scientific genres in classrooms is yet to be fully explored.The purpose of this study is to examine multimodal representations across scientific genres from the viewpoints of science teachers. With Filipino science teachers as respondents, we employed a sequential explanatory mixed methods research design to determine the frequency of occurrence of scientific genres in classrooms as well as the frequency of use of multimodal representations across each scientific genre. First, we administered the questionnaire, analyzed the result then conducted a follow-up interview to determine how and why scientific genres and multimodal representations are utilized. Results revealed that information report and explanation are the genres most utilized by science teachers primarily because they conform to curriculum standards and that these support students’ learning and skills. On the other hand, experimental account and argument genres are used less often largely due to lack of available materials and teacher competence. Across these genres, linguistic-verbal, visual-graphical and gestural-kinesthetic representations are “always” used while material-operational and mathematical-symbolic are used to a lesser extent. More importantly, this study confirms again that science teaching is multimodal mainly to address each student learning needs and make meaning making thus, science learning, easier. Important implications to practice and research are discussed.
Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Thank you very much for downloading vagus nerve stimulation. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their favorite books like this vagus nerve stimulation, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious virus inside their desktop computer. vagus nerve stimulation is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the vagus nerve stimulation is universally compatible with any devices to read.
A Review on Neural Style Transfer with Auto Text Generation

Neural Style Transfer has been a topic of discussion since the past few years, using which any simple content image can be converted in the style of a particular artist. Several methods have been proposed so far for the implementation of Style Transfer, and we discuss a few of these approaches in this paper, (semantic style transfer and photorealistic style transfer) and compare them accordingly. Text generation using neural networks is another field of interest, which has been explored by various researchers in the past. This paper further discusses various text generation models created in the past; using character based Long-Short term memory (LSTM), Recurrent Neural Network Language Model (RNNLM) as well as Multi Adversarial Training. Both of these technologies (neural style transfer and auto text generation) show potential to further be combined, such that the text is generated in the context of the stylized image.
The co-seismic slip distribution of the Landers earthquake

We derived a model for the co-seismic slip distribution on the faults which ruptured during the Landers earthquake sequence of 28 June 1992. The model is based on the inversion of surface geodetic measurements, primarily vector displacements measured using the Global Positioning System (GPS). The inversion procedure assumes that the slip distribution is to some extent smooth and purely right-lateral strike slip. For a given fault geometry, a family of solutions of varying smoothness can be generated. We choose the optimal model from this family based on cross-validation, which measures the predictive power of the data, and the trade-off of misfit and roughness. Solutions which give roughly equal weight to misfit and smoothness are preferred and have certain features in common: (1) there are two main patches of slip, on the Johnson Valley fault, and on the Homestead Valley, Emerson, and Camp Rock faults; (2) virtually all slip is in the upper 10 to 12 km; and (3) the model reproduces the general features of the geologically measured surface displacements, without prior constraints on the surface slip. In all models, regardless of smoothing, very little slip is required on the fault that represents the Big Bear event, and the total moment of the Landers event is 9 · 1019 N-m. The nearly simultaneous rupture of multiple distinct faults suggests that much of the crust in this region must have been close to failure prior to the earthquake.
Habilitation à diriger des recherches

With communication networks getting more and more present in our daily activities, network outages or even significant degradations of the quality of service become less and less tolerable. Network survivability and the control of the quality of service have thus become critical issues that require significant methodological progresses in various scientific fields. Our contributions fall in two broad categories : performance evaluation and optimization of networks. Our research works on the performance evaluation of networks are based on queueing and game theories. They aim at the development of analytical or simulation-based methods for the large-scale evaluation of the main performance metrics, both at the packet level (delay, loss rate and jitter) and at the flow level (number of active sessions, download times, etc). They also deal with the worst-case analysis of the performance of decentralized routing algorithms. The second category of contributions are mainly devoted to the development of new optimization methods for the design of survivable access and backbone networks, for capacity-planning and for route optimization in OSPF and MPLS networks. Since most of these problems are NP-hard combinatorial problems, often with non-linear cost functions, we usually have to resort to dedicated heuristics. Another work in the applied optimization field deals with the strictly periodic scheduling of tasks in embedded avionic systems.
TRUST AND THE REFERENCE POINTS FOR TRUSTWORTHINESS IN GULF AND WESTERN COUNTRIES∗ IRIS BOHNET

Why is private investment so low in Gulf compared to Western countries? We investigate cross-regional differences in trust and reference points for trustworthiness as possible factors. Experiments controlling for cross-regional differences in institutions and beliefs about trustworthiness reveal that Gulf citizens pay much more than Westerners to avoid trusting, and hardly respond when returns to trusting change. These differences can be explained by subjects’ gain/loss utility relative to their region’s reference point for trustworthiness. The relation-based production of trust in the Gulf induces higher levels of trustworthiness, albeit within groups, than the rule-based interactions prevalent in the West.
The Severity of the Colombian Conflict: Cross-Country Datasets Versus New Micro-Data*

The development of big cross-country conflict datasets has been vital for the advance of conflict studies, particularly for the influential literature based on empirical analysis of civil conflicts. Pioneering works in this field include the Correlates of War project (hereafter CoW; Small & Singer, 1982), the Civil © 2006 Journal of Peace Research, vol. 43, no. 1, 2006, pp. 99–115 Sage Publications (London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi) http://jpr.sagepub. com DOI 10.1177/0022343306059924
Trends in Exhaust Emissions from In-Use California Light-Duty Vehicles, 1994-2001

Major efforts to control motor vehicle emissions have been made in recent years, both through improved emission control technologies and through gasoline reformulation. Our assessment of the impacts of these efforts was conducted in the San Francisco Bay Area, in lanes of a highway tunnel where heavy-duty vehicles are not allowed. This study focuses on the afternoon rush hour, during which over 4000 vehicles per hour travel uphill through the tunnel. Concentrations of CO, CO2, NOx, and total and speciated non-methane organic compounds (NMOC) have been measured during summers 1994-1997, 1999, and 2001. Emission factors for CO, NMOC, and NOx decreased by factors of 2-3 over the 7-year period between 1994 and 2001, with CO and NMOC showing greater percentage reductions than NOx. From our data, fleet turnover appears to have a greater overall impact on exhaust emissions than fuel changes for most pollutants. However, emissions of benzene have been greatly affected by changes in fuel composition.
Pathological case of the month

A 15-YEAR-OLD black girl presented with complaints of intermittent vomiting, abdominal pain, and vaginal bleeding during the past month. She gave a history of having been raped 2 months earlier. On pelvic examination, the uterine size was consistent with a 12-week pregnancy. Her last menstrual period had occurred 10 weeks earlier. Medical history was noteworthy only for easily controlled asthma. She was taking no medications. The urine pregnancy test results were positive. b-Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) concentration in blood was 673 160 IU/L (normal for this stage, ,200 000 IU/L). Abdominal ultrasound showed a 10.6 3 7.0 3 10.0-cm heterogeneous mass involving the uterus and containing cystic areas. Suction dilatation and curettage were done. A brownish-tan, irregularly shaped, membranous, spongy mass with multiple translucent, membranous cysts was removed (Figure 1 and Figure 2). During the procedure, the patient had a narrow complex tachycardia with a heart rate in the 180 range (prior to surgery, 95). The ECG revealed sinus tachycardia (130-150 /min) with a short PR interval and a delta wave consistent with a diagnosis of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW). Because of the sinus tachycardia, hematocrit and thyroid function tests were ordered. The hematocrit had decreased to 0.18, from a level of 0.39 before surgery. The patient was given 1 U of packed RBCs. The thyroid function tests revealed the following values: thyroxine (T4), 464 nmol/L (36.2 μg/dL) (normal range, 64-144 nmol/L [5.0-11.2 μg/dL]); triiodothyronine (T3) uptake, 0.225 (normal range,0.245-0.39); free thyroxine index (FTI), 8.15 (normal range, 1.75-3.23); and thyrotropin (TSH), ,0.01 mU/L (normal range, 0.34.0 mU/L. The b-hCG level fell to 82 824 IU/L 2 days after surgery. Pediatric Endocrinology Service was consulted 3 days after the surgery when the thyroid function test results became available. The patient then had no signs of hyperthyroidism, except for a heart rate of 120 and a wide pulse pressure of 128/50 mm Hg. The thyroid was not palpable. No nodules or Delphian node was palpated. She had no eye abnormalities or resting tremor of the tongue or the extremities. She reported no symptoms of hyperthyroidism before or after surgery, except occasional tachycardia (possibly due to the undiagnosed WPW). Bowel movements were normal. No antithyroid medication was given. Four days after the surgery, b-hCG concentration was 21 330 IU/L and thyroid function test values were T4, 246 nmol/L (19.2 μg/dL); T3 uptake, 0.27 FTI, 5.2; T3, 29 nmol/L (normal range, 1.2-2.9 nmol/L); and TSH, ,0.01 mU/L. The patient was discharged home feeling well. Repeated b-hCG concentration 5 days later was 957 IU/L, decreasing to 218 IU/L after 1 more week. One month after the surgery, the b-hCG level was 16 IU/L. At 3 weeks after initial presentation, she remained clinically euthyroid. Her T4 level was 101 nmol/L (7.9 μg/dL); T3, 1.92 nmol/L; and TSH, 0.99 mU/L.
Synthesis and biological activities of simplified analogs of the natural PKC ligands, bryostatin-1 and aplysiatoxin.

Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes play central roles in signal transduction on the cell surface and could serve as promising therapeutic targets of intractable diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although natural PKC ligands like phorbol esters, ingenol esters, and teleocidins have the potential to become therapeutic leads, most of them are potent tumor promoters in mouse skin. By contrast, bryostatin-1 (bryo-1) isolated from marine bryozoan is a potent PKC activator with little tumor-promoting activity. Numerous investigations have suggested bryo-1 to be a promising therapeutic candidate for the above intractable diseases. However, there is a supply problem of bryo-1 both from natural sources and by organic synthesis. Recent approaches on the synthesis of bryo-1 have focused on its simplification, without decreasing the ability to activate PKC isozymes, to develop new medicinal leads. Another approach is to use the skeleton of natural PKC ligands to develop bryo-1 surrogates. We have recently identified 10-methyl-aplog-1 (26), a simplified analog of tumor-promoting aplysiatoxin (ATX), as a possible therapeutic lead for cancer. This review summarizes recent investigations on the simplification of natural PKC ligands, bryo-1 and ATX, to develop potential medicinal leads.
Calibration, processing and interpretation of hyperspectral data over the Broken Hill region

In March 2002, the New South Wales Department of Mineral Resources contracted an airborne hyperspectral remote sensing survey of the Broken Hill region in New South Wales. It covered 4 000 square kilometres and involved the acquisition at a ground sampling distance of 3 m. HyMaptm was selected as the hyperspectral system as it is a 126 band sensor that provides a combination of high spatial resolution, spectral coverage, signal-to-noise ratio and image quality. The HyMaptm sensor utilises four 32-element detector arrays to provide 126 spectral channels covering the 450 nm to 2 500 nm spectral range over a 512 pixel swath. The HyMap's instantaneous field of view of 3 m x 3 m, corresponded to a flight altitude of 1.4 km above ground level and an aircraft ground speed of 110 knots. The ground swath coverage corresponded to 1.6 km for each flightline resulting in a 20% overlap. The data processing and data products were radiance calibrated, atmospheric corrected and geometric corrected. Spectral and radiometric calibration of the HyMaptm sensor was accomplished prior to the survey and this information was used to allow the conversion of the raw DN counts to radiance values in uW/cm2/nm/sr. Using the ENVI image processing package, preliminary lithology maps have now being generated using the Mixture Tuned Matched Filtered method. The maps identify stratigraphic units; regolith; alteration zones; sulphate; hydroxyl-bearing minerals; iron oxides; and green and dry vegetation. These maps will now be taken into the field for verification and then released to the mineral industry as a GIS set of geo-referenced mineralogical map layers, along with other geological and geophysical data
Bayesian Multiscale Multiple Imputation with Implications to Data Confidentiality November, 2008

Many scientific, sociological and economic applications present data that are collected on multiple scales of resolution. One particular form of multiscale data arises when data are aggregated across di! erent scales both longitudinally and by economic sector. Frequently, such data sets experience missing observations in a manner that they can be accurately imputed using the method we propose known as Bayesian multiscale multiple imputation. This method borrows information both longitudinally and across di! erent levels of aggregation to produce accurate imputations of missing observations as well as estimates that respect the constraints imposed by the multiscale nature of the data. Our approach couples dynamic linear models with a novel imputation step based on singular normal distribution theory. Although our method is of independent interest, one important implication of such methodology is its potential e! ect on confidential databases protected by means of cell suppression. In order to demonstrate the proposed methodology and to assess the e! ectiveness of disclosure practices in longitudinal databases, we conduct a large scale empirical study using the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). During the course of our empirical investigation it is determined that several of the predicted cells are within 1% accuracy, thus causing potential concerns for data confidentiality.
RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation of Valsartan in Bulk and its Tablet Dosage Form

The main objective of this study is to develop a reverse phase HPLC method for the quantitative determination of valsartan and its tablet dosage form with a simple, rapid, specific, validated and sensitive method. An isocratic separation is achieved using Phenomenex C18 (75 x 4.6 mm, 2.6 μ, 100 Å) with mobile phase comprised of water: acetonitrile (30%:70% v/v). Valsartan shows a retention time of 2.71 min at 1 mL/min flow rate and the wavelength was detected at 247 nm. Robustness, specificity, precision, accuracy, linearity, LOD and LOQ was validated using this method. The LOD is 1.24 μg/mL and LOQ is 3.6 μg/mL. The calibration curve in the concentration range of 5-50 μg/mL is linear with coefficient of correlation 0.9999. The % recovery of the valsartan is in the range of 98.9%-102% and the % RSD is <2%. This method is successfully applied for quantitative determination of valsartan in tablet dosage form. RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation of Valsartan in Bulk and its Tablet Dosage Form
Timing matters: How social influence affects adoption pre- and post-product release

Social influence is typically studied after a product is released. Yet, audience expectations and discussions begin before a product’s release. This observation suggests a need to understand adoption processes over a product’s life cycle. To explore pre- and postrelease social influence processes, this article uses survey data from Americans exposed to word of mouth for 309 Hollywood movies released over two and a half years. The data suggest pre- and postrelease social influences operate differently. Prerelease social influence displays a critical transition point with relation to adoption: before a critical value, any level of social influence is negligibly related to adoption, but after the critical value, the relationship between social influence and adoption is large and substantive. In contrast, postrelease social influence exhibits a positive linear relationship with adoption. Prerelease social influence is argued to require more exposures than postrelease social influence because of differences in the diagnosticity and accessibility of the information. To complement the survey data, computational models are used to test alternative hypotheses. Evidence from the computational models supports the proposed model of social influence.
A Mixed Model Approach to Identify Yeast Transcriptional Regulatory Motifs via Microarray Experiments

A genome-wide location analysis method has been introduced as a means to simultaneously study protein-DNA binding interactions for a large number of genes on a microarray platform. Identification of interactions between transcription factors (TF) and genes provide insight into the mechanisms that regulate a variety of cellular responses. Drawing proper inferences from the experimental data is key to finding statistically significant TF-gene binding interactions. We describe how the analysis and interpretation of genome-wide location data can be fit into a traditional statistical modeling framework that considers the data across all arrays and formulizes appropriate hypothesis tests. The approach is illustrated with data from a yeast transcription factor binding experiment that illustrates how identified TF-gene interactions can enhance initial exploration of transcriptional regulatory networks. Examples of five kinds of transcriptional regulatory structure are also demonstrated. Some stark differences with previously published results are explored.