Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bahamian Fathers' Involvement with Their Child’s Schooling: To What Extent does Family Structure Matter?

This study examined characteristics of Bahamian fathers’ involvement with their child’s schooling using data from a comprehensive study on parent involvement within one Bahamian community. We triangulated data from a parent survey ( n = 91 males, n = 278 females) and community interview data ( n = 33 community members) to compare fathers to mothers, examine whether fathers living in the same home as their child had an impact on their involvement with schooling, and pinpoint beliefs regarding family structure and gender norms. Chi-square analyses demonstrate that Bahamian fathers engaged with schools in very similar ways to mothers on over half the involvement indicators, with slight differences on the remaining indicators. Mean difference analyses of factor scores showed slight differences between mothers and fathers in academic involvement and more pronounced differences in involvement with basic needs. Interestingly, despite beliefs about family structure voiced by some participants, living in the same home as their child did not play a role in fathers’ involvement. We discuss our findings within the social context of The Bahamas, raise questions about the real impact of family structure on paternal involvement, and call for more exploration of the impact of class and socioeconomic status on involvement with schools.
Optical Beamforming System Based on Polarization Manipulation With Amplitude–Phase Coupling Suppression

Traditional phased arrays based on phase shifters suffer severely from the beam-squint problem when operating at the wideband mode. Optical beamforming is one feasible solution for broadband beam steering, of which the performance, however, is affected by the amplitude–phase coupling. To solve this problem, we propose an optical beamforming system with amplitude–phase coupling suppression based on polarization manipulation. A polarization controller is used to control the transmission of carrier light along the fast or slow axis in the polarization-maintaining fiber. As there is a fixed transmission time difference between the two orthogonal modes, the phase adjustment can be achieved with low amplitude variation because of the low polarization-dependent loss. In addition, the intensity of the signal can be controlled using a polarizer with negligible phase variation, realizing amplitude control with low phase coupling. Experimental results show that the amplitude–phase coupling coefficient is about $5.8\times 10^{-3}$ ps/dB, while the phase–amplitude coupling is less than $7.5\times 10^{-3}$ dB/ps. The performance of the optical beamforming is analyzed by numerical simulation and proof-of-concept experiment, showing that the beam pointing deflection is less than 0.1°, while the main-lobe-to-sidelobe suppression ratio deteriorates less than 1 dB when the beam scans from 0° to 45°.
A nonlocal mean curvature flow for multi-dimensional image processing

In this paper, we propose a mean curvature flow equation with nonlocal nonlinearities for an image processing model on noisy surfaces, which corresponds to the negative $L^2$-gradient flow of surface energy functional in (1.4). We investigate the initial value problem mathematically. Furthermore, numerical simulations are shown, which exhibit that the model performs smoothing operation on a complicated level surface of a given image data while preserving its geometric shape feature under suitable parameters chosen.
Relationship between Arterial Calcifications on Mammograms and Cardiovascular Events: A Twenty-Three Year Follow-Up Retrospective Cohort Study

Purpose: Breast arterial calcifications (BAC) have been associated with cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to examine whether the presence of BAC could predict the development of cardiovascular events in the very long term, as evidence has suggested. Patients and Methods: We conducted a 23-year follow-up retrospective cohort study considering women specifically studied for breast cancer. After reviewing the mammograms of 1759 women, we selected 128 patients with BAC and an equal number of women without BAC. Results: Women with BAC had higher relative risk (RR) for cardiovascular events, globally 1.66 (95% CI): 1.31–2.10 vs. 0.53 (0.39–0.72), and individually for ischemic heart disease 3.25 (1.53–6.90) vs. 0.85 (0.77–0.94), hypertensive heart disease 2.85 (1.59–5.09) vs. 0.79 (0.69–0.89), valvular heart disease 2.19 (1.28–3.75) vs. 0.83 (0.73–0.94), congestive heart failure 2.06 (1.19–3.56) vs. 0.85 (0.75–0.96), peripheral vascular disease 2.8 (1.42–5.52) vs. 0.85 (0.76–0.94), atrial fibrillation 1.83 (1.09–3.08) vs. 0.86 (0.76–0.98), and lacunar infarction 2.23 (1.21–4.09) vs. 0.86 (0.77–0.96). Cox’s multivariate analysis, also considering classical risk factors, indicated that this BAC was significantly and independently associated with survival (both cardiovascular event-free and specific survival; 1.94 (1.38–2.73) and 6.6 (2.4–18.4)). Conclusions: Our data confirm the strong association of BAC on mammograms and the development cardiovascular events, but also evidence the association of BAC with cardiovascular event-free and specific survival.
New insights into pyrite-hydrogen peroxide interactions during froth flotation: experimental and DFT study

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an efficient depressant for pyrite (FeS2) flotation. However, the depressing mechanism of H2O2 is not fully understood. In this paper, the depressing capacity of H2O2 for pyrite was examined by flotation tests. Results revealed that pyrite flotation could be inhibited by H2O2 at pH 6.4. The pyrite powder in H2O2 solution enhanced the release of O2 from H2O2. However, the O2 concentration in the solution was less than that of H2O2; thus, H2O2 is the major oxidant in the solution. Moreover, density functional theory calculations were performed to study the interactions between H2O2 and hydrated pyrite (100) surface. The H2O2 molecule tended to react with the pyrite surface to generate one S=O bond and an H2O molecule. The possible binding models of O2 molecules on the pyrite (100) surface were also studied for comparison. The O2 dissociation on the pyrite surface was more favorable than the adsorption of O2 as a whole. In addition, the orbital interaction in the S=O bond raised from the reaction of H2O2/O2 with the pyrite surface was also investigated by the density states analysis. These results provide some insights into the oxidizing effect of H2O2 in pyrite flotation.
Boundary plate influence on tie bars axial force demands in composite plate shear walls‒concrete filled

In composite plate shear walls–concrete filled (C-PSW/CF), there is an indeterminate flow of force between concrete, steel plate and tie bars. Finite element methods (FEM) are frequently used to verify this force flow. The theoretical models available in the literature to predict the tie bar maximum axial force demands were based on walls without boundary plates. The finding in this study is intended to help understand whether current theoretical approaches are conservative and can be applied to boundary plate walls as well. Within the scope of this study, tie bar axial force demands for walls with boundary plates consisting of planar and round shapes and without boundary plates were investigated and compared. For this, a previously benchmarked finite element (FE) wall model was considered and configured to have no boundary plate and have planar and round boundary plates. FE models were analyzed under monotonic lateral displacement up to 4% drift ratio. Passive lateral pressures and transverse force variations on the planar and round boundary plates were investigated.
Peramalan Prediksi Penjualan Garam Pada CV.Saltindo Megajaya Dengan Metode Least Square

Along with the times at this time the development of information technology affects data to produce more accurate, fast and actual information to increase accuracy in decision making, including forecasting information systems in predicting salt sales that occur at CV.Saltindo Megajaya. With the information system, the forecasting process predicts salt sales can run effectively and efficiently and a decision is reached on the amount of salt that must be provided for the next month, so that there is no excess and shortage of salt stock in sales. Forecasting referred to in this study is forecasting with the least square method. Through the application of the least square method, researchers will carry out a prediction process using past data obtained by researchers from the company's leadership, Mr. Yulianto at the CV.Saltindo Megajaya agency.
Abductor recovery after muscle-sparing periacetabular osteotomy using a lateral approach

ABSTRACT To decrease hip abductor dysfunction after periacetabular osteotomy using a lateral/trochanteric approach, we aimed to modify transposition osteotomy of the acetabulum (TOA) to not cut the greater trochanter and abductor–iliac crest detachment. We subsequently compared abductor muscle strength recovery between TOAs with [conventional TOA (C-TOA)] and without [modified TOA (M-TOA)] trochanteric osteotomy. C-TOA and M-TOA were performed in 27 and 34 hips, respectively. Hip abduction, flexion and knee extension muscle strength were measured preoperatively and at 3, 5, 10, 24 and 52 weeks postoperatively. The muscle strength ratio of the affected and contralateral lower limbs was compared between the C-TOA and M-TOA groups. Neither the mean Merle d’Aubigné–Postel score at the final follow-up nor the postoperative center-edge angle showed significant differences between the M-TOA and C-TOA groups (15.7 versus 16.4 points; P = 0.25 and 38.5° versus P = 0.62 and 39.8°, respectively). The mean muscle strength ratios of hip abduction at 5, 12 and 24 weeks postoperatively were significantly higher in the M-TOA group than in the C-TOA group (0.62 versus 0.39, 0.76 versus 0.59 and 0.94 versus 0.70; P = 0.03, 0.04 and 0.01, respectively). There were no significant differences between groups at Postoperative Week 52 (P = 0.36). Discomfort at the greater trochanter was observed in 18 hips (66.7%) in the C-TOA group but only in 4 hips (11.2%) in the M-TOA group. In conclusion, M-TOA is less invasive than C-TOA and allows an earlier recovery of abductor muscle strength without significant correction loss.
Spectra, thresholds, and modal fields of a kite-shaped microcavity laser

We investigate the lasing spectra, threshold gain values, and emission directionalities for a two-dimensional microcavity laser with a “kite” contour. The cavity modes are considered accurately using the linear electromagnetic formalism of the lasing eigenvalue problem with exact boundary and radiation conditions. We develop a numerical algorithm based on the Muller boundary integral equations discretized using the Nystrom technique, which has theoretically justified and fast convergence. The influence of the deviation from the circular shape on the modal characteristics is studied numerically for the modes polarized in the cavity plane, demonstrating opportunities of directionality improvement together with preservation of a low threshold. These advantageous features are shown for the perturbed whispering-gallery modes of high-enough azimuth orders. Other modes can display improved directivities while suffering from drastically higher threshold levels. Experiments based on planar organic microcavity lasers confirm the coexistence of Fabry–Perot-like and whispering-gallery-like modes in kite-shaped cavities and show good agreement with the predicted far-field angular diagrams.
Fluid and kinetics signatures of reconnection at the dawn tail magnetopause: Wind observations

We report an accelerated plasma flow event detected by Wind at the low-latitude dawn tail magnetopause (xGSE≈−10 RE) when the local magnetic shear across the magnetopause was high (∼180°) and the GSM y component of the interplanetary magnetic field was positive and much larger than the z component. High time resolution (3 s) three-dimensional ion and electron distributions were obtained for this event. We have performed rigorous tests of fluid and particle predictions of reconnection. Consistent with reconnection, we observed at the magnetopause (1) jetting of plasma, with a flow speed, measured in the deHoffmann-Teller frame, at 98% of the Alfven speed; (2) mixing of a nearly isotropic hot plasma sheet ion distribution with a field-aligned magnetosheath distribution having a low-energy cutoff at the predicted deHoffmann-Teller velocity; (3) opposite streaming of magnetosheath and plasma sheet electrons consistent with open field topology; and (4) a finite inward (earthward) directed normal magnetic field (BN<0) at and an associated earthward plasma flow (at 94% of the normal Alfven speed) across the magnetopause. The combined fluid and particle signatures provide a comprehensive set of evidence for reconnection at the magnetopause. These reconnection signatures were observed in the tail flank magnetopause, where the presence of fast plasma flow (at almost twice the local Alfven speed) in the adjacent magnetosheath has been predicted to suppress reconnection. The sense of the flow enhancement, the direction of the electron heat flux, and the polarity of BN are all consistent with each other and with the spacecraft being located tailward and northward of the reconnection site. Our analysis places the reconnection site ∼7 Earth radii south of the magnetic equator. The dimensionless reconnection rate at this flank magnetopause is estimated to be in the range of 0.1 to 0.2, which is similar to values reported for the subsolar region. In essence, the present event provides unambiguous evidence for reconnection and shows that reconnection signatures at the tail flank magnetopause are not noticeably different from those predicted and observed in the subsolar region.
Correcting distortion and braiding of micro-images from multi-aperture imaging systems

Multi-aperture imaging systems inspired by insect compound eyes promise advances in both miniaturization and cost reduction of digital camera systems. Instead of a single lens stack with size and sag in the order of a few millimeters, the optical system consists of an array of microlenses. At a given field of view of the complete system, the focal lengths of the microlenses is a fraction of the focal length of a single-aperture system, reducing track length and increasing depth of field significantly. As each microimage spans only a small field of view, the optical systems can be simple. Because the microlenses have a diameter of hundreds of microns and a sag of tens of microns, they can be manufactured cost-effectively on wafer scale and with high precision. However, reaching a sufficient resolution for applications such as camera phones has been a challenge so far. We demonstrate a multi-aperture color camera system with approximately VGA resolution (700x550 pixels) and a remarkably short track length of 1.4 mm. The algorithm for correcting optical distortion of the microlenses and combining the microimages into a single image is the focus of this presentation.
Implementation of Gyro Accelerometer Sensor for Measuring Respiration Rate Based on Inhale and Exhale Using Kalman Filter

Respiratory rate is a fundamental vital sign that is sensitive to different pathological conditions including heart, lung, emotional stress, the influence of body temperature and activity fatigue. The respiratory rate in humans is measured by counting the number of breaths for one minute by monitoring and counting the number of times the chest rises and falls during the inhale and exhale process. Various methods for measuring respiratory rate that are commonly used including pneumograph, impedance and capnography are applied in patient monitoring. This study aims to examine and analyze the application of the kalman filter on the output of the gyro accelerometer sensor to increase the results of the detection of respiratory rates using the gyro accelerometer sensor. This study test was carried out using a patient simulator in Surabaya Ministry of Health Polytechnic nursing laboratory. This simulator patient can simulate respiration with a mechanical work system up and down the chest and abdomen, uses an Arduino Nano microcontroller to filter the output of the gyro accelerometer sensor and the results will be compared before and after the filter. The independent variable in this study is the respiration value, while the dependent variable is the sensor output before being filtered. In the relaxed condition of the respondent The most effective use of the kalman filter is found in the parameters R = 10, Q = 0.1 because in the use of these parameters, the value after being filtered has a value that tends to be stable. The highest error value in the application of the gyro accelerometer sensor occurs at sensor position 1 with R = 1 Q = 10 value of 2,6%. This study shows the effect of differences in respiration values before and after using a kalman filter. This study has limited differences in values that are far between the pre filter and after being filtered in several data collections.
The Improvement of Dispersion Stability and Bioaccessibility of Calcium Carbonate by Solid/Oil/Water (S/O/W) Emulsion

Solid/oil/water (S/O/W) emulsion loaded with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was constructed to raise the dispersion stability and bioaccessibility. In the presence or absence of sodium caseinate (NaCas), the particle size, Zeta-potential, physical stability, and apparent viscosity of stabilized S/O/W emulsions with different gelatin (GEL) concentrations (0.1~8.0 wt%) were compared. Combined with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), cryoscanning electron microscope (Cryo-SEM), and interfacial adsorption characteristics, the stabilization mechanism was analyzed. The bioavailability of CaCO3 was investigated in a simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) model. The S/O/W-emulsion droplets prepared by the NaCas–GEL composite have a smaller particle size, higher Zeta-potential, larger apparent viscosity, and better physical stability compared with GEL as a single emulsifier. CLSM results confirmed that CaCO3 powder was encapsulated in emulsion droplets. The Cryo-SEM results and interfacial adsorption characteristics analysis indicated that the NaCas–GEL binary composite could effectively reduce the interfacial tension, and the droplets form a denser three-dimensional network space structure with a shell–core structure which enhanced the stability of the system. GIT studies showed that the droplets presented higher CaCO3 bioaccessibility than the CaCO3 powder. This study enriched the theory of the S/O/W transfer system and provided theoretical support for the development of CaCO3 application in liquid food.
Reduced-order digital twin and latent data assimilation for global wildfire prediction

Abstract. The occurrence of forest fires can impact vegetation in the ecosystem, property, and human health but also indirectly affect the climate. The Joint UK Land Environment Simulator – INteractive Fire and Emissions algorithm for Natural envirOnments (JULES-INFERNO) is a global land surface model, which simulates vegetation, soils, and fire occurrence driven by environmental factors. However, this model incurs substantial computational costs due to the high data dimensionality and the complexity of differential equations. Deep-learning-based digital twins have an advantage in handling large amounts of data. They can reduce the computational cost of subsequent predictive models by extracting data features through reduced-order modelling (ROM) and then compressing the data to a low-dimensional latent space. This study proposes a JULES-INFERNO-based digital twin fire model using ROM techniques and deep learning prediction networks to improve the efficiency of global wildfire predictions. The iterative prediction implemented in the proposed model can use current-year data to predict fires in subsequent years. To avoid the accumulation of errors from the iterative prediction, latent data assimilation (LA) is applied to the prediction process. LA manages to efficiently adjust the prediction results to ensure the stability and sustainability of the prediction. Numerical results show that the proposed model can effectively encode the original data and achieve accurate surrogate predictions. Furthermore, the application of LA can also effectively adjust the bias of the prediction results. The proposed digital twin also runs 500 times faster for online predictions than the original JULES-INFERNO model without requiring high-performance computing (HPC) clusters.
Unsteady-State Simulation of Model Ram Accelerator in Expansion Tube

Steady- and unsteady-state numerical simulations have been carried out to investigate the ram accelerator flowfield that had been studied experimentally using an expansion tube facility at Stanford University. Navier-Stokes equations for chemically reactive flows were used for the modeling with a detailed hydrogen-air combustion mechanism. The governing equations were analyzed using a fully implicit and time-accurate total variation diminishing scheme. As a result, steady-state simulation reveals that the near-wall combustion regions are induced by aerodynamic heating in the separated flow region. This result agrees well with experiments in the case of the 2H 2 + O 2 + 17N 2 mixture but fails to reproduce the centerline combustion in the case of the 2H 2 + O 2 + 12N 2 mixture. To investigate the reason for this disagreement in the flow establishment process, unsteady-state simulations have been carried out, and the results show the detailed process of flow stabilization. The centerline combustion is revealed to be an intermediate process during flow stabilization. It is induced behind a Mach stem formed by the intersection of strong oblique shock waves at an early stage of the flow stabilization process
Linking gestural representations to syllable count judgments: A cross-language test

A special class of English words with tense vowel/diphthong nuclei and liquid codas receive variable syllable count judgments (one and over-one syllables). Tilsen and Cohn (2016) showed that differences in judgments correlate with differences in production, supporting their hypothesis that meta-phonological judgments and speech motor control share a common representation. In the present study, we further propose that syllable count judgments are related to subsegmental representation in the rime, and are independent of acoustic duration. We test the hypothesis by comparing English and German, chosen for their similar word structures and vowel length contrast, and their crucial difference in the gestural specification of coda liquids. In English, coda liquids have an earlier vocalic gesture relative to the consonantal one, while in German, both gestures are simultaneous. We stipulated that sesquisyllabic (over-one) judgments are related to the count of sequentially-timed vocalic gestures in the rime. The difference in the coda liquid composition between the two languages predicts that sesquisyllables should not emerge in German. Our predictions were confirmed by the results of parallel production (acoustic) and syllable count judgment experiments in English and German. We propose a model accounting for these results, and we discuss its typological implications and its limitations.