Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What’s Wrong with That Object? Identifying Images of Unusual Objects by Modelling the Detection Score Distribution

This paper studies the challenging problem of identifying unusual instances of known objects in images within an "open world" setting. That is, we aim to find objects that are members of a known class, but which are not typical of that class. Thus the "unusual object" should be distinguished from both the "regular object" and the "other objects". Such unusual objects may be of interest in many applications such as surveillance or quality control. We propose to identify unusual objects by inspecting the distribution of object detection scores at multiple image regions. The key observation motivating our approach is that "regular object" images, "unusual object" images and "other objects" images exhibit different region-level scores in terms of both the score values and the spatial distributions. To model these distributions we propose to use Gaussian Processes (GP) to construct two separate generative models, one for the "regular object" and the other for the "other objects". More specifically, we design a new covariance function to simultaneously model the detection score at a single location and the score dependencies between multiple regions. We demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms comparable methods on a new large dataset constructed for the purpose.
Investigations into an Optimal Transmission Scheme for a MIMO System Operating in a Rician Fading Environment

This paper describes investigations into an optimal transmission scheme for a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system operating in a Rician fading environment. The considerations are reduced to determining a covariance matrix of transmitted signals which maximizes the MIMO capacity under the condition that the receiver has perfect knowledge of the channel while the transmitter has the information about selected statistical quantities which are measured at the receiver. An optimal covariance matrix, which requires information of the Rice factor and the signal to noise ratio, is determined. The transmission scheme relying on the choice of the proposed covariance matrix outperforms the other transmission schemes which were reported earlier in the literature. The proposed scheme realizes an upper bound limit for the MIMO capacity under arbitrary Rician fading conditions
HLA-B 27 Heavy Chains Contribute to Spontaneous Inflammatory Disease in B 27 / human b 2-Microglobulin ( b 2 m ) Double Transgenic Mice with Disrupted Mouse b 2 m

MHC class I allele, HLA-B27, is strongly associated with a group of human diseases called spondyloarthropathies. Some of these diseases have an onset after an enteric or genitourinary infection. In the present study, we describe spontaneous disease in HLA-B27 transgenic mice where endogenous b 2 -microglobulin ( b 2 m) gene was replaced with transgenic human b 2 m gene. These mice showed cell surface expression of HLA-B27 similar to that of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In addition, free heavy chains (HCs) of HLA-B27 were also expressed on thymic epithelium and on a subpopulation of B27-expressing PBLs. These mice developed spontaneous arthritis and nail changes in the rear paws. Arthritis occurred primarily in male animals and only when mice were transferred from the pathogen-free barrier facility to the conventional area. Transgenic mice expressing HLA-B27 with mouse b 2 m have undetectable levels of free HCs on the cell surface and do not develop arthritis. In vivo treatment with anti–HC-specific antibody delayed the onset of disease. Our data demonstrate specific involvement of HLA-B27 ‘free’ HCs in the disease process. ( J. Clin. Invest. 1996. 98:2746–2755.)
Measurement of MOSFET LF Noise Under Large Signal RF Excitation

A new measurement technique is presented that allows measurement of MOSFET LF noise under large signal RF excitation. Measurements indicate that MOSFETS exhibit a reduction in LF noise when they are cycled from inversion to accummulation and that this reduction does not depend on the frequency of excitation for excitation frequencies of up to 3 GHz. The measurement results are significant because MOSFET LF noise is important in the design ofRF CMOS circuits such as oscillators and mixers, where large signal swings occur. Additionally, the measurement results give new insights into the LF noise generating mechanisms in MOSFETs.
Risk of Parkinson Disease in Carriers of Parkin Mutations Estimation Using the Kin-cohort Method for Editorial Comment See Page 443

Objective: To estimate the risk of Parkinson disease (PD) in individuals with mutations in the Parkin gene. Design: We assessed point mutations and exon deletions and duplications in the Parkin gene in 247 probands with PD (age at onset Յ50 years) and 104 control probands enrolled in the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease (GEPD) study. For each first-degree relative, a consensus diagnosis of PD was established. The probability that each relative carried a mutation was estimated from the proband's Parkin carrier status using Mendelian principles and from the relationship of the relative to the proband. Setting: Tertiary care movement disorders center. Patients: Cases, controls, and their first-degree relatives were enrolled in the GEPD study. Main Outcome Measures: Estimated age-specific pen-etrance in first-degree relatives. Results: Parkin mutations were identified in 25 pro-bands with PD (10.1%), 18 (72.0%) of whom were het-erozygotes. One Parkin homozygote was reported in 2 sib-lings with PD. The cumulative incidence of PD to age 65 years in carrier relatives (age-specific penetrance) was estimated to be 7.0% (95% confidence interval, 0.4%-71.9%), compared with 1.7% (95% confidence interval, 0.8%-3.4%) in noncarrier relatives of the cases (P=.59) and 1.1% (95% confidence interval, 0.3%-3.4%) in relatives of the controls (compared with noncarrier relatives, P=.52). Conclusions: The cumulative risk of PD to age 65 years in a noncarrier relative of a case with an age at onset of 50 years or younger is not significantly greater than the general population risk among controls. Age-specific pen-etrance among Parkin carriers, in particular heterozy-gotes, deserves further study. M UTATIONS IN THE PAR-kin gene (PARK2; Gen-Bank AB009973) 1,2 are associated primarily with early-onset Par-kinson disease (PD), defined as age at onset (AAO) ranging from 45 years or younger to 55 years or younger, 3-7 but have also been described in PD cases with an AAO older than 70 years. 7-10 In PD cases with an AAO of 45 years or younger with a mode of inheritance consistent with au-tosomal recessive transmission, the frequency of Parkin mutations may be as high as 49%, 3 whereas in cases without a family history of PD the range is 15% to 18%. Age at onset is inversely correlated with the frequency of Parkin mutations in both familial 3 and sporadic 6 cases. Several studies have compared the AAO of PD in heterozygous, compound heterozygous, and homozygous Parkin mutation carriers 3-10 and found that het-erozygous cases, both familial and sporadic , …
Adaptation of Ehrlichia sennetsu to canine blood monocytes: preliminary structural and serological studies with cell culture-derived Ehrlichia sennetsu

Ehrlichia sennetsu, the causative agent of human sennetsu rickettsiosis, was successfully propagated in primary canine blood monocyte cultures. The growth cycle of this organism appears to be similar to that of Ehrlichia canis. The antigen derived from our E. sennetsu cultures was used to develop an indirect fluorescent antibody test for detection and titration of serum antibodies to the organism. Using this test system, we found that five human serum samples obtained from patients clinically diagnosed as having sennetsu rickettsiosis were positive for anti-E. sennetsu antibodies. In addition, 29% of the serum samples obtained from 200 patients having a fever of unknown origin and residing in various regions of Malaysia were also serologically positive. All sera from apparently healthy individuals were negative in the test. Dogs inoculated with cell culture-adapted E. sennetsu developed a significant specific antibody titer to E. sennetsu, and the organism was subsequently isolated from their blood. These animals showed no clinical evidence of disease. The possibility of a higher prevalence of human sennetsu rickettsiosis in Southeast Asia and the potential usefulness of the canine model for studies of human sennetsu rickettsiosis are discussed.
Prediction of consensus RNA secondary structures including pseudoknots

Most functional RNA molecules have characteristic structures that are highly conserved in evolution. Many of them contain pseudoknots. Here, we present a method for computing the consensus structures including pseudoknots based on alignments of a few sequences. The algorithm combines thermodynamic and covariation information to assign scores to all possible base pairs, the base pairs are chosen with the help of the maximum weighted matching algorithm. We applied our algorithm to a number of different types of RNA known to contain pseudoknots. All pseudoknots were predicted correctly and more than 85 percent of the base pairs were identified.
Fully-coupled electromigration simulation of sweat structure

With the rapid development of electronic devices. There are more and more high performance, multi-functional electronic components, at the same time, their size is getting smaller and smaller. This demand has a greatly promoted the development of electronic packaging. Due to the precision of electronic devices, leading to a sharp increase in the current density through the lead wire, can reach the order of magnitude of 104A/cm2[1], which is easy to cause electromigration failure. In this paper, the problem of electromigration is studied, and the coupling model of multi physical field is put forward, which is based on the combination of electron wind force, temperature gradient, stress gradient and atomic concentration. Firstly, according to the basic EM theory[2], the driving mechanisms of EM are summarized. Secondly, the driving mechanism, such as electronic wind force, temperature gradient, stress gradient and atomic concentration gradient should be overall consideration. In this paper, COMSOL is used to simulate the electromigration of sweat mechanism.
Integration of foot-mounted inertial sensors into a Bayesian location estimation framework

An algorithm for integrating foot-mounted inertial sensors into a Bayesian location estimation framework is presented. The proposed integration scheme is based on a cascaded estimation architecture. A lower Kalman filter is used to estimate the step-wise change of position and direction of the foot. These estimates are used in turn as measurements in an upper particle filter, which is able to incorporate nonlinear map-matching techniques. Experimental data is used to verify the proposed algorithm.
Bridging the Gap Between Teaching Styles and Learning Styles: A Cross-Cultural Perspective

This paper investigates the nature of the mismatch caused by culture-based differences in perceptions and expectations of L2 teaching and learning style preferences between Irish English teachers and Chinese students. A survey was conducted which included a questionnaire, interview and class observation at two language institutes in Dublin, Ireland. The findings suggest the mutual awareness of the "cultures of learning" should be required. It is mutual responsibility to gain intercultural understanding so as to ensure effective teaching and learning outcomes. Teachers ought to develop awareness of their learners' culture of learning including their needs, wants, capacities, potentials and learning style preferences to meet learners' expectations and to foster their guided style-stretching. In the meantime, Chinese students also need to learn to develop sense of cultural sensitivity to reflect their own learning styles and strategy use to gradually adapt to the Irish school culture. Finally appropriate bridging strategies are recommended to native English-speaker teachers who are engaged in teaching Chinese ESL learners in their home institutions.
A Novel “Reactomics” Approach for Cancer Diagnostics

Non-invasive detection and monitoring of lethal diseases, such as cancer, are considered as effective factors in treatment and survival. We describe a new disease diagnostic approach, denoted “reactomics”, based upon reactions between blood sera and an array of vesicles comprising different lipids and polydiacetylene (PDA), a chromatic polymer. We show that reactions between sera and such a lipid/PDA vesicle array produce chromatic patterns which depend both upon the sera composition as well as the specific lipid constituents within the vesicles. The chromatic patterns were processed through machine-learning algorithms, and the bioinformatics analysis could distinguish both between cancer-bearing and healthy patients, respectively, as well between two types of cancers. Size-separation and enzymatic digestion experiments indicate that lipoproteins are the primary components in sera which react with the chromatic biomimetic vesicles. This colorimetric reactomics concept is highly generic, robust, and does not require a priori knowledge upon specific disease markers in sera. Therefore, it could be employed as complementary or alternative approach for disease diagnostics.
Predictors of relapse in unipolar depressives: expressed emotion, marital distress, and perceived criticism.

The predictive validity of expressed emotion (EE) and two conceptually related but more easily measured alternatives--marital distress, and patients' perceptions of criticism from spouses--were examined in a sample of hospitalized unipolar depressives. All three psychosocial variables were significantly associated with 9-month relapse rates. Expressed emotion and marital distress predicted the same proportion of variance in patients' outcomes. The single best predictor of relapse, however, was a patient's response to the question "How critical is your spouse of you? " Patients who relapsed rated their spouses as significantly more critical than did patients who remained well. Alone, the perceived criticism variable accounted for more of the variance in relapse rates than that explained by EE and marital distress combined. The results suggest that asking depressed patients how critical they believe their relatives are may facilitate the identification of individuals at high risk for relapse subsequent to hospital discharge.
Evaluation of Anticancer Potentials of Bee Free Venom and Chitosan Nano-Conjugated One: In Vitro Study

Limited efficacy of the current first-line treatment for cancer cells leads to further development of efficient strategies. Recently, much attention has been given to nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems loaded with dual drugs to improve current disease therapies by overcoming toxicity. In the present study, we explore an approach to conjugate chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) with bee venom (BV) of Apis mellifera , then detect the enhancement of BV anticancer activity and related toxicity and anticancer potential. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by the ionotropic gelation method of chitosan (CS) cations with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) anions. Cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles against hepatocellar carcinoma (HEPG2) and Prostate cancer (PC3) was evaluated using MTT assay. Data recorded revealed that chitosan nanocapsulated venom enhanced the toxic effect of bee venom, and flow cytometry analysis showed appreciable arrested cell cycle in the G2/M for HePG2 and PC3. Also down regulation and up regulation of Bcl2 and Bax was detected respectively in tested cell lines post treatment with the venom, compared with the control groups of the cancer cells respectively.
Occupational Safety and Health

Work accidents became a matter of societal concern in the Progressive era of Woodrow Wilson. When other contingencies of modern life were brought under social security in the New Deal reforms of the 1930s, work accident legislation remained separate. One possible reason was that work accidents can be controlled within industrial and chance limits. But control does not imply elimination since a risk-free environment would paralyze production. In spite of imper fections caused by low benefits and imperfect insurance arrangements, the workers' compensation legislation does help internalize the costs of accidents, but internalization of costs is only one remedy. Regulation and a much broader community responsibility are others. It is argued that regulation poses greater problems and that broader com munity responsibility may evade the issues involved in choosing the appropriate tradeoff point between production and health which will maximize social welfare.
Revisiting the Birth of 7YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings: Stephan Stecura †

Thermal barrier coatings are widely used in all turbine engines, typically using a 7 wt. % Y2O3–ZrO2 formulation. Extensive research and development over many decades have refined the processing and structure of these coatings for increased durability and reliability. New compositions demonstrate some unique advantages and are gaining in application. However, the “7YSZ” (7 wt.% yttria stabilized zirconia) formulation predominates and is still in widespread use. This special composition has been universally found to produce nanoscale precipitates of metastable t’ tetragonal phase, giving rise to a unique toughening mechanism via ferro-elastic switching under stress. This note recalls the original study that identified superior properties of 6–8 wt. % yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings, published in 1978. The impact of this discovery, arguably, continues in some form to this day. At one point, 7YSZ thermal barrier coatings were used in every new aircraft and ground power turbine engine produced worldwide. 7YSZ is a tribute to its inventor, Dr. Stephan Stecura, NASA retiree.
A taxonomy of prototype designs

Although prototyping is a term that has been used with increasin g frequency these last few years, the concept means many things to differen t individuals. This short paper presents a taxonomy that can be used t o easily classify software developments into different classes. Th e taxonomy is based upon a prototype that has been developed at NASA Goddar d Space Flight Center as part of the ongoing Software Engineering Laborator y efforts to understand software development methodologies. A group at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has been working o n developing a source code control system to maintain application program s to enable analysts to more easily experiment with new spacecraft designs. Since this system is a departure from previous NASA efforts, a prototyp e was first built to understand the actual requirements, both in terms o f what resources the system will need and use, and what the user actuall y wants. After building that prototype, a second prototype was built t o simulate the screen displays in order to allow the analyst to comment o n the behavior of the resulting system [ZELK84]. If the software lif e cycle is viewed vertically , then these two prototypes loo k like the first two branches o f a tree, as pictured to th e right. Thus trees form th e basis of our taxonomy, and a pine tree represents a development that use s prototypes to further refin e unknown aspects of a development. We can continu e this taxonomy with other tre e shapes. Tulip Poplar. The tall stately tulip popla r represents a typical large development. Requirements, specifications, design procee d normally, but because of problems, trouble happen s in the coding stage which causes auxilliary test s (i .e ., prototypes) to be developed to solve thes e problems. Palm tree. This tree represents a good example o f a multihosted system. A single developmen t continues until coding, and than separate cod e segments are generated for each version .
Protective effects of PJ34, a novel, potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in in vitro and in vivo models of stroke.

Focal cerebral ischemia activates the nuclear protein poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) by single DNA strand breaks which leads to energy depletion and cell necrosis. Deletion or inhibition of PARP protects against ischemic brain injury. Here we examined the neuroprotective effect of PJ34, a novel potent inhibitor of PARP in vitro and in vivo. Serum-free primary neuronal cultures derived from rat cortex (E15-17) and kept in culture for 10 days were exposed to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro. Neuronal injury was quantified by LDH release after 24 h. Pretreatment with 30-1000 nM PJ34 significantly protected from OGD-induced cell injury in a dose-dependent manner. For in vivo experiments SV/129 mice were treated with PJ34 (50 microg) by intraperitoneal injection 2 h before 1 h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and again 6 h later. Twenty-three h after reperfusion ischemic injury was significantly decreased compared to vehicle-treated controls (infarct volume reduction of 40%, p<0.05). Similarly, in a rat model of MCAo (2 h occlusion followed by up to 22 h reperfusion), PJ34 administration (10 mg/kg i.v.) significantly reduced infarct size, and the effect of the drug was maintained even if it was given as late as 10 min prior to reperfusion time. PJ34 significantly protected in a 4 h, but not in a 24 h permanent occlusion model. In conclusion, PJ34, a novel, potent inhibitor of PARP exerts massive neuroprotective agents, with a significant therapeutic window of opportunity. The present work strengthens the concept that pharmacological PARP inhibition may be a suitable approach for the treatment of acute stroke in man.
SARC: Sequential Prefetching in Adaptive Replacement Cache

Sequentiality of reference is an ubiquitous access pattern dating back at least to Multics. Sequential workloads lend themselves to highly accurate prediction and prefetching. In spite of the simplicity of the workload, design and analysis of a good sequential prefetching algorithm and associated cache replacement policy turns out to be surprisingly intricate. As first contribution, we uncover and remedy an anomaly (akin to famous Belady's anomaly) that plagues sequential prefetching when integrated with caching. Typical workloads contain a mix of sequential and random streams. As second contribution, we design a self-tuning, low overhead, simple to implement, locally adaptive, novel cache management policy SARC that dynamically and adaptively partitions the cache space amongst sequential and random streams so as to reduce the read misses. As third contribution, we implemented SARC along with two popular state-of-the-art LRU variants on hardware for IBM's flagship storage controller Shark. On Shark hardware with 8 GB cache and 16 RAID-5 arrays that is serving a workload akin to Storage Performance Council's widely adopted SPC-1 benchmark, SARC consistently and dramatically outperforms the two LRU variants shifting the throughput-response time curve to the right and thus fundamentally increasing the capacity of the system. As anecdotal evidence, at the peak throughput, SARC has average response time of 5.18ms as compared to 33.35ms and 8.92ms for the two LRU variants.