Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tremella fuciform Polysaccharides: Extraction, Physicochemical, and Emulsion Properties at Different pHs

The chemical composition, macromolecular characteristics, and structure of four types of Tremella fuciform polysaccharides (TPS) were analyzed, including one TPS that was extracted in the laboratory (L-TPS) and three commercial TPS. The effects of pH on the properties of TPS emulsions were investigated by analyzing their zeta potential, particle size, apparent viscosity, and stability. The results showed that L-TPS presented a higher percentage content of protein (2.33%) than commercial TPS (0.73–0.87%), and a lower molecular mass (17.54 × 106 g/mol). Thus, L-TPS exhibited the best emulsifying activity but gave poor emulsion stability. The droplet sizes and apparent viscosity of commercial TPS-stabilized emulsions were larger or higher in acidic environments. At pH 2, the apparent viscosity was the lowest for L-TPS. Commercial TPS emulsions were most stable at pH 6, while the L-TPS-stabilized emulsion was most stable at pH 2. The obtained results revealed that the emulsifying properties of TPS varied and the effects of pH on emulsion characteristics differed, as determined from the molecular mass, macromolecular characteristics, and structure. This research is useful for expanding the application of TPS as a novel food ingredient in emulsions.
Assessment of Anteroposterior apical jaw base relationship using Mount Vernon Index (MVI)

Objectives : To check the predictability and variability of Mount Vernon Index (MVI) with other four sagittal discrepancy parameter and to examine and discuss the correlation existing between. Methods : Lateral Cephalograms of 100 Class I Indian subjects with the age range of 17-24 years were obtained. Cephalograms were traced using sharp 3H pencil on lead acetate paper for four different AP parameters like ANB, Wits appraisal, Facial convexity and Beta angle. For all Cephalograms, Mount Vernon Index was calculated. Results : The measurements with most homogenous distribution in group was BETA angle (C.V=5.63) followed by MVI (C.V.=13.6), ANB, Rickett’s analysis and Wit’s analysis. Among all five analyses, statistically significant highest positive correlation was found between Mount Vernon Index and BETA angle. Other angles like, Rickett’s facial convexity angle and ANB angle showed significant positive correlation with Mount Vernon Index. Conclusions : MVI is a quick and reliable method for evaluation of a patient’s AP skeletal patterns. It can be one of the useful diagnostic tools to identify the skeletal pattern of an individual.
The joint distribution of the virtual waitingtime and the residual busy period for the M/G/1 queue

In the M/G/1 queue, the joint distribution of the virtual waitingtime and the residual duration of the busy period at any time t, is given by a formula analogous to the one for the virtual waitingtime by itself. In the limit, as t → ∞, the limiting joint distribution is given by a formula of the Pollaczek-Khintchine type.
A conjecture on maximal green sequences, local-acyclicity, and upper cluster algebras

A cluster is a finite set of generators of a cluster algebra. The Laurent Phenomenon of Fomin and Zelevinsky says that any element of a cluster algebra can be written as Laurent polynomial in terms of any cluster. The upper cluster algebra of a cluster algebra is the ring of rational functions that can be written as a Laurent polynomial in every cluster of the cluster algebra. By the Laurent phenomenon a cluster algebra is always contained in its upper cluster algebra, but they are not always equal. We conjecture that the equality of the cluster algebra and upper cluster algebra is equivalent to the algebraic property that the cluster algebra is locally-acyclic and to a combinatorial property regarding the existence of a maximal green sequence. In this work we prove this conjecture for cluster algebras from mutation-finite quivers and give examples for other classes of cluster algebras for which the conjecture is already known to be true.
A Multicircle Planar Electrical Impedance Tomography Sensor for 3-D Miniature Imaging

In this article, a multicircle planar electrical impedance tomography (EIT) sensor is proposed for three-dimensional (3-D) miniature imaging. There are two problems in 3-D miniature EIT imaging: 1) the spatial resolution is low since the number of electrodes is limited and 2) contact impedance influences image reconstruction quality severely. The proposed EIT sensor made by a printed circuit board (PCB) adopts a multicircle structure and tackles the two problems. Driven electrodes are distributed on the outermost two circles, while measurement electrodes are distributed on the innermost circle. Contact impedance is reduced since the area of driven electrodes could be larger than traditional ones by using the multicircle structure, and it is also owning to gold that is deposited on the surface of the electrodes. Moreover, a new driven-measurement pattern of the EIT sensor is proposed to improve the spatial resolution as well as image reconstruction quality. The proposed EIT sensor is verified by both simulation and experiment. The average image correlation coefficient (ICC) is as high as 0.8475 in simulation. Compared with the 16-electrode EIT sensor, ICC is improved by 39.16%. In the experiment, the average ICC of four standard objects is 0.8389. The proposed 3-D EIT sensor is good at miniature imaging.
Generalized linear mixed models of ordinal poverty response in nested area

v SUMMARY . vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . xv TABLE OF CONTENTS . xxi LIST OF TABLES . xxiv LIST OF FIGURES . xxv LIST OF APPENDIXES . xxvii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xxviii GLOSSARY . xxix
An Automatic Segmenting Method for the Reconstructed Image of High Speed Particle Field

In the measurement for high speed particle field ejected from material surface under explosion,the size,shape,position,and velocity of the particles could be obtained by pulsed holography technique.The reconstructed images were properly segmented by using several threshold selection methods together and adding an error correction in every part,after divided the image into several small parts.On the base the particles edge ware determined by region growing.And all of the above work could be accomplished automatic in computer.The famous results have been got when used in dynamic test.The experiments on static particle target indicates the error are less than 15%.
Fatigue, Work Overload, and Sleepiness in a Sample of Spanish Commercial Airline Pilots

Commercial aviation pilots are an occupational group that work in particular conditions, with frequent schedule changes, shift work, unfavorable environmental conditions, etc. These circumstances can lead to fatigue, work overload (WO), and daytime sleepiness, factors that can affect their health and safety. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and the association between these parameters in a sample of Spanish commercial airline pilots. The Raw TLX, Fatigue Severity Scale, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale questionnaires were administered in a sample of 283 participants. The relationships of the total scores between all the questionnaires were studied by the chi-square test and the risk scores (odds ratio) were calculated. Different models using multiple linear regression were carried out to evaluate the effects of WO, fatigue, and daytime sleepiness, among the total scores, age, and flight hours. Additionally, the internal consistency of each questionnaire was estimated. A total of 28.2% presented WO above the 75th percentile, with mental and temporal demand the dimensions with the greatest weight. A total of 18% of pilots presented fatigue, 15.8% moderate sleepiness, and 3.9% severe sleepiness. We observed an association among WO, fatigue, and daytime sleepiness, important factors related to pilot health and aviation safety.
Numerical Study of the Plastic Behaviour of a Low Alloy Steel during Phase Transformation

Phase transformations in steels play a major role on the generation of residual stresses and distortions during thermal processes such as welding and heat treatments. In this paper, we focus on the influence of phase transformations on the plastic behaviour of a low-alloy steel. It is now well known that the plastic strain rate can then be decomposed as the sum of two terms. The first one corresponds to classical plasticity while the second one is due to the evolution of the transformation and is usually referred to as corresponding to transformation induced plasticity. A theoretical approach of the problem has been achieved ([1][2][3]) and a macroscopic model has been proposed in the case of ideal-plastic phases. The theoretical approach has been assessed and completed using micromechanical numerical simulations but these were based on rather coarse 3D meshes due to limited computer capabilities in the 80's. This paper presents new finite element micromechanical calculations using refined meshes to analyse the classical plastic behaviour and transformation induced plasticity. The results of the computations are discussed and compared with the calculations initially performed. Finally improvements of the macroscopic model are proposed.
Correlation of Myocardial Native T1 and Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling after Valvular Surgery

Myocardial native T1 is a known cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging biomarker to quantify diffuse myocardial fibrosis in valvular cardiomyopathy. We hypothesized that diffuse myocardial fibrosis assessed by preoperative T1 mapping might correlate with LV reverse remodeling after valvular surgery. A prospective monocentric cohort study was conducted including 79 consecutive patients with valvular cardiomyopathy referred for surgical treatment of severe aortic or severe functional mitral regurgitation. Native T1 values were assessed by CMR before surgery. LV geometry parameters (i.e., LVEDV, LVESV) were obtained by 2D transthoracic echocardiography before and six months after surgery. Postoperative change of LV geometry parameters was calculated as delta (∆) variable (i.e., six months value minus baseline value). Mean native T1 was 1047 ± 39 ms, mean ∆LVEDV was −33 ± 42 mL, and mean ∆LVESV was −15 ± 27 mL. Native T1 values correlated with ∆LVEDV (Pearson r = 0.29; p = 0.009) and ∆LVESV (Pearson r = 0.29; p = 0.015). Native T1 values < 1073 ms were identified as independent predictor of postoperative reduction of LVEDV (HR 3.0; 95%-CI: 1.1–8.0; p = 0.03) and LVESV (HR 2.9; 95%-CI: 1.1–7.4; p = 0.03). Diffuse myocardial fibrosis assessed by myocardial native T1 correlates with LV reverse remodeling at six months after valvular surgery. T1 mapping may be a valuable tool to predict LV reverse remodeling in valvular heart disease.
Privacy Rating for Android Apps

Data privacy is equally important part of our fundamental right ‘right to life’. Mobile apps are collecting and sharing a plethora of user’s information with organizations and companies for advertising and targeted marketing purposes under the disguise of ‘better user experience’. In this paper we put effort to understand the privacy aspects of the apps and the way they are collecting the user data. We proposed a technique of assigning a privacy rating to each app based on the static analysis and meta information shared on the play store. We utilized the permission to API mapping technique and the weighted score, which can vary as per user or country requirements to calculate a score to help user's comprehend the cost benefit behind using an application.
Le logiciel MIXMOD d'analyse de mélange pour la classification et l'analyse discriminante

Le logiciel mixmod est devolu a l'analyse de melanges de lois de probabilite sur des donnees multidimensionnelles dans un but d'estimation de densite, de classification ou d'analyse discriminante. Il propose un choix important d'algorithmes pour estimer les parametres d'un melange (EM, Classification EM, Stochastic EM). Il est possible de combiner ces algorithmes de multiples facons pour obtenir un maximum local pertinent de la vraisemblance ou de la vraisemblance completee d'un modele. Pour des variables quantitatives, mixmod utilise des melanges de lois normales multidimensionnelles. Il propose ainsi quatorze modeles gaussiens differents selon des hypotheses faites sur les elements spectraux des matrices de variance des composants. Pour des variables qualitatives, mixmod utilise des melanges de lois multinomiales multidimensionnelles sous une hypothese d'independance conditionnelle des variables sachant le composant du melange. Grâce a une reparametrisation des probabilites multinomiales, il propose cinq modelisations differentes. Par ailleurs, differents criteres d'information sont proposes pour choisir un modele parcimonieux et permettent notamment de choisir un nombre de composants pertinents. L'emploi de l'un ou l'autre de ces criteres depend de l'objectif poursuivi (estimation de densite, classification supervisee ou non). Ecrit en C++, mixmod possede des interfaces avec Scilab et Matlab. Le logiciel, sa documentation statistique et son guide d'utilisation sont disponibles a l'adresse suivante : http://www-math.univ-fcomte.fr/mixmod/index.php.
Alternating Minimal Energy Methods for Linear Systems in Higher Dimensions

We propose algorithms for the solution of high-dimensional symmetrical positive definite (SPD) linear systems with the matrix and the right-hand side given and the solution sought in a low-rank format. Similarly to density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithms, our methods optimize the components of the tensor product format subsequently. To improve the convergence, we expand the search space by an inexact gradient direction. We prove the geometrical convergence and estimate the convergence rate of the proposed methods utilizing the analysis of the steepest descent algorithm. The complexity of the presented algorithms is linear in the mode size and dimension, and the demonstrated convergence is comparable to or even better than the one of the DMRG algorithm. In the numerical experiment we show that the proposed methods are also efficient for non-SPD systems, for example, those arising from the chemical master equation describing the gene regulatory model at the mesoscopic scale.
Direct Unions of Lie Tori (Realization of Locally Extended Affine Lie Algebras)

In this work, we consider realizations of locally extended affine Lie algebras, in the level of core modulo center. We provide a framework similar to the one for extended affine Lie algebras by “direct unions. ” Our approach suggests that the direct union of existing realizations of extended affine Lie algebras, in a rigorous mathematical sense, would lead to a complete realization of locally extended affine Lie algebras, in the level of core modulo center. As an application of our results, we realize centerless cores of locally extended affine Lie algebras with specific root systems of types A1, B, C, and BC.
The rate of convergence of truncated hypersingular integrals generated by the Poisson and metaharmonic semigroups

In harmonic analysis, an important problem is to obtain inversion formulas for the potential-type integral operators. The studies on this subject have been developed by the use of hypersingular integral technique. In this paper the families of truncated hypersingular integrals generated by the Poisson and metaharmonic semigroups and dependent on a parameter ϵ, are introduced. Then the connection between the order of smoothness of a given Lp-function ϕ and the rate of convergence of these families of truncated hypersingular integrals, which converge to ϕ when ϵ tends to 0, is obtained.
A Stable Galerkin Reduced Order Model (ROM) for Compressible Flow.

A method for constructing stable Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD)/Galerkin reduced order models (ROMs) for compressible flow is described. The proposed model reduction technique differs from the approach taken in many applications in that the Galerkin projection step is applied to the continuous system of partial differential equations (PDEs), rather than a semi-discrete representation of these equations. It is demonstrated that the inner product used to define the Galerkin projection is intimately tied to the stability of the resulting model. For linearized conservation laws such as the linearized compressible Euler and linearized compressible Navier-Stokes equations, a symmetry transformation leads to a stable formulation for the inner product. Preservation of stability for the discrete implementation of the Galerkin projection is made possible using piecewise-smooth finite element bases, and a weak enforcement of the boundary conditions. The stability and accuracy of the proposed model reduction approach is studied in the context of two test cases: the problem of an inviscid pressure pulse in a uniform base flow, and a viscous laminar cavity problem. For the second inherently non-linear test case, the non-linear dynamics of the flow are captured in the POD reduced basis modes, but not in the equations projected onto these modes, as the ROM equations are based on a local linearization of the full non-linear flow equations.
ON A TYPE OF P-SASAKIAN MANIFOLDS

Pokhariyal and Mishra [5] have introduced new tensor fields, called W2 and E-tensor fields, in a Riemannian manifold, and studied their properties. Next, Pokhariyal [4] has studied some properties of these tensor fields in a Sasakian manifold. Recently, Matsumoto, Ianus and Mihai [3] have studied P-Sasakian manifolds admitting W2 and E-tensor fields. On the other hand, Sato [6, 7] introduced the notion of an (almost) paracontact structure, either P-Sasakian or SP-Sasakian, and gave a lot of very interesting results about such manifolds. In this paper we generalize some results of Matsumoto, Ianus and Mihai [3]. A Riemannian manifold is called locally symmetric if its Riemannian curvature tensor R satiesfies ∇R = 0, where ∇ denotes the operator of covariant differentiation. This notion of locally symmetric manifold has been weakened by many authors in several ways. As a proper generalization of locally symmetric manifolds, the notion of semisymmetric manifold was defined by R(X, Y ) · R = 0 [8]. A locally symmetric manifold is semisymmetric but the converse is not true in general. In Section 2 we recall the notions of P-Sasakian and SP-Sasakian manifolds and the essential properties of such manifolds. In Section 3, we prove that a W2-symmetric P-Sasakian manifold is of constant curvature, hence it is an SP-Sasakian manifold. Next, we prove that a W2-recurrent manifold is W2-symmetric, hence a W2-recurrent P-Sasakian manifold is an SP-Sasakian manifold. Finally, we prove that a P-Sasakian manifold is Ricci-semisymmetric if and only if it is an Einstein manifold.
Mediation analysis for different types of Causal questions: Effect of Cause and Cause of Effect

Many statistical analyses aim at a causal explanation of the data. When discussing this topic it is important to specify the exact query we want to talk about. A typical causal question can be categorized in two main classes: questions on the causes of observed effects and questions on the effects of observed causes. In this dissertation we consider both EoC and CoE causal queries from a particular perspective that is Mediation. Mediation Analysis aims to disentangle the pathway between exposure and outcome on a direct effect and an indirect effect arising from the chain exposure-mediator-outcome. In the EoC framework, if the goal is to measure the causal relation between two variables when a third is involved and plays the role of mediator, it is essential to explicitly define several assumptions among variables. However if any of these assumptions is not met, estimates of mediating effects may be affected by bias. This phenomenon, known with the name of Birth Weight paradox, has been explained as a consequence of the presence of unmeasured confounding between the mediator and the outcome. In this thesis we discuss these apparent paradoxical results in a real dataset. In addition we suggest useful graphical sensitivity analysis techniques to explain the potential amount of bias capable of producing these paradoxical results. From a CoE perspective, given empirical evidence for the dependence of an outcome variable on an exposure variable, we can typically only provide bounds for the “probability of causation” in the case of an individual who has developed the outcome after being exposed. We show how these bounds can be adapted or improved if further information becomes available. In addition to reviewing existing work on this topic, we provide a new analysis for the case where a mediating variable can be observed. In particular we show how the probability of causation can be bounded in two different cases of partial and complete mediation.
Distributed parameter estimation for adaptive event-triggered control

Abstract The asymptotic stability of distributed-event triggered control for interconnected linear systems can be achieved with time-dependent trigger functions, whose parameters relies on some propoerties of the overall system, which are not known a priori. This paper presents an approach to the distributed estimation of such parameters, which yields to adaptive event-triggered control. We provide proofs of convergence in finite time while the asymptotic stability and the existence of a lower bound for the inter-event times are preserved.
Experimental Study of Underfloor Air Supply System With Air Solar Collector and Shape-Stabilized PCM

In this paper, a new kind of solar energy heating system with shape-stabilized PCM is put forward. It can absorb the solar energy in the daytime and release the heat at night in winter. The solar radiation energy was gained by air solar collector, and the heated air was sent to the underfloor space of the room with ducts at daytime. Then the thermal energy was stored in the shape-stabilized PCM plates. The shape-stabilized PCM can keep the shape stabilized when PCM undergoes a phase change because it is microencapsulated by the supporting material. At night the heat energy stored in the PCM could be released into the room by the ductless air supply. The thermal performance of a room using such system was experimentally studied. The experiments show that the thermal comfort degree of solar buildings can be improved when applying shape-stabilized PCM suitably. The conventional space heating energy consumption in winter can be greatly saved. Besides, the experimental results provide the data for further modeling and simulation research of such kind of system.Copyright © 2006 by ASME