Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gravitational radiation from dynamical black holes

An effective energy tensor for gravitational radiation is identified for uniformly expanding flows of the Hawking mass–energy. It appears in an energy conservation law expressing the change in mass due to the energy densities of matter and gravitational radiation, with respect to a Killing-like vector encoding a preferred flow of time outside a black hole. In a spin-coefficient formulation, the components of the effective energy tensor can be understood as the energy densities of ingoing and outgoing, transverse and longitudinal gravitational radiation. By anchoring the flow to the trapping horizon of a black hole in a given sequence of spatial hypersurfaces, there is a locally unique flow and a measure of gravitational radiation in the strong-field regime.
Robust control of water quality in intensive aquaculture using multi‐variable quantitative feedback theory: From an Indian context

This paper addresses the problem of controlling turbidity, dissolved oxygen, ammonium‐ion concentration, and water‐temperature to maintain the desired water quality in an intensive aquaculture plant. The research is carried out to fit into the present scenario of intensive aquaculture in India. The plant model along with uncertain parameters are derived using physical laws and the data acquired from an aquaculture pond in Assam, India. A pre‐compensated multi‐variable quantitative feedback theory (QFT)‐based fully populated robust matrix controller is proposed to mitigate the control challenge. A novel method is used to design the pre‐compensator to enhance the diagonal dominance of plant transfer function matrix. The desired robust stability, reference tracking, and sensitivity specifications are fulfilled by the proposed QFT‐based robust controller despite the parametric uncertainty. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through numerical simulation. A comparative study against a H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ controller shows that the proposed controller strategy gives a satisfactory performance compared to it.
The Evolution of Feeding Mechanics in the Danioninae, or Why Giant Danios Don't Suck Like Zebrafish

Synopsis By linking anatomical structure to mechanical performance we can improve our understanding of how selection shapes morphology. Here we examined the functional morphology of feeding in fishes of the subfamily Danioninae (order Cypriniformes) to determine aspects of cranial evolution connected with their trophic diversification. The Danioninae comprise three major lineages and each employs a different feeding strategy. We gathered data on skull form and function from species in each clade, then assessed their evolutionary dynamics using phylogenetic-comparative methods. Differences between clades are strongly associated with differences in jaw protrusion. The paedomorphic Danionella clade does not use jaw protrusion at all, members of the Danio clade use jaw protrusion for suction production and prey capture, and members of the sister clade to Danio (e.g., Devario and Microdevario) use jaw protrusion to retain prey after capture. The shape of the premaxillary bone is a major determinant of protrusion ability, and premaxilla morphology in each of these lineages is consistent with their protrusion strategies. Premaxilla shapes have evolved rapidly, which indicates that they have been subjected to strong selection. We compared premaxilla development in giant danio (Devario aequipinnatus) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) and discuss a developmental mechanism that could shift danionine fishes between the feeding strategies employed by these species and their respective clades. We also identified a highly integrated evolutionary module that has been an important factor in the evolution of trophic mechanics within the Danioninae.
A New Criterion Number for the Boundary Conditions at the Solid/Liquid Interface in Nanoscale

A simple, but important three-atom model was proposed at the solid/liquid interface, leading to a new criterion number, λ, governing the boundary conditions (BCs) in nanoscale. The solid wall is considered as the face-centered-cubic (fcc) structure. The fluid is the liquid argon with the well-known LJ potential. Based on the concept, the two micro-systems have the same BCs if they have the same criterion number. The degree of the locking BCs is enhanced when λ equals to 0.757. Such critical criterion number results in the substantial epitaxial ordering and one, two, or even three liquid layers are locked by the solid wall, depending on the coupling energy scale ratio of the solid and liquid atoms. With deviation from the critical criterion number, the flow approaches the slip BCs and there are little ordering structures within the liquid. Always at the same criterion number, the degree of the slip is decreased or the locking is enhanced with increasing the coupling energy scale ratio of the solid and liquid atoms. The above analysis is well confirmed by the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The slip length is well correlated in terms of the new criterion number. The future work is suggested to extend the present theory for other microstructures of the solid wall atoms and quasi-LJ potentials. The authors thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China with the contract number of 10272102 for the financial support.
Serial Mediation Model of Social Capital Effects over Academic Stress in University Students

Background: Although several studies have shown that social capital and social support decreases academic stress (AS), there has been lack of atheoretical model to explain how this occurs. This study aims to verify a model that explains the effect of bonding social capital (BSC) over academic stress psychological symptoms (PsyS), considering the multiple sequential mediation of socio-emotional support (SES), self-efficacy (sEffic) and self-esteem (sEstee). Methods: In a transversal study, 150 undergraduate volunteer students were recruited using non-probabilistic purposive sampling. Data were collected using psychological questionnaires and were processed through partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Results: Goodness of fit of the models (SRMR = 0.056, 0.057, <HI95) (dULS, dG < HI95), reliability and validity are adequate. The indirect effect of BSC over PsyS (β = −0.196; IC 95% [−0.297, −0.098]) is relevant and significant and is serial mediated by SES and sEffic. Conclusions: From a very precise conceptual definition, a model is generated, within which empirical evidence explains the relationship between BSC and PsyS, emphasizing the role of BSC in the development of personal resources to cope with AS. This can be applied to policies and public health programs that affect these variables.
A black hole with torsion in 5D Lovelock gravity

We analyze static spherically symmetric solutions of five dimensional (5D) Lovelock gravity in the first order formulation. In the Riemannian sector, when torsion vanishes, the Boulware–Deser black hole represents a unique static spherically symmetric black hole solution for the generic choice of the Lagrangian parameters. We show that a special choice of the Lagrangian parameters, different from the Lovelock Chern–Simons gravity, leads to the existence of a static black hole solution with torsion, the metric of which is asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS). We calculate the conserved charges and thermodynamical quantities of this black hole solution.
The Influence of the Technological Process on Improving the Acceptability of Bread Enriched with Pea Protein, Hemp and Sea Buckthorn Press Cake

The current consumption trends of plant based functional products have encouraged researchers and industry to study the production of protein enriched bakery products as a source of protein. In the context of the circular economy, the press cakes remaining after extraction of juices/oil from plants such as sea buckthorn or hemp can be valorized as they are rich in proteins, fibers and many bioactive compounds. Their use in bread making is a good solution to enrich the nutritional value of bread. Pea protein concentrate, hemp and sea buckthorn ingredients from press cakes by-products were added to whole wheat flour in different percentages and combinations (2% pea protein concentrate; 1% pea + 2% sea buckthorn ingredients; 1% pea + 2% hemp ingredients). Bread samples were obtained through three technological methods: one phase baking process (dough), two phases (sponge and dough) and one phase with dried sourdough added directly into the dough. A control sample (100% wheat whole flour) was considered. The mixtures of whole wheat flour and plant protein ingredients were rheologically tested. The bread samples were physicochemically analyzed (protein, fat, carbohydrates, energy value) and sensory characteristics were evaluated (texture, color and overall acceptability). The changes in the physicochemical characteristics, rheology behavior, microstructure and sensory quality were evaluated and compared. The energy from protein varied from 17.26 to 19.34% which means that all the samples can be considered “a source of protein”. Hardness decreased in samples with sponge and dried sourdough which reflect the importance of technology in keeping the freshness of the product. The most appreciated were the samples with pea protein concentrate, with hemp ingredient obtained through an indirect bread making process and the sample with sea buckthorn ingredient prepared through a direct bread making process using dried sourdough.
Viscosity of gauge theory plasma with a chemical potential from AdS/CFT correspondence

We compute the strong coupling limit of the shear viscosity for the N=4 super-Yang-Mill theory with a chemical potential. We use the five-dimensional Reissner-Nordstroem-anti-deSitter black hole, so the chemical potential is the one for the R-charges U(1){sub R}{sup 3}. We compute the quasinormal frequencies of the gravitational and electromagnetic vector perturbations in the background numerically. This enables one to explicitly locate the diffusion pole for the shear viscosity. The ratio of the shear viscosity {eta} to the entropy density s is {eta}/s=1/(4{pi}) within numerical errors, which is the same result as the one without chemical potential.
A Review of Learning-Based SLAM Approaches of Autonomous Unmanned Vehicles (AUV)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming a hot topic in the field of robotic research in the last few decades. Autonomous Unmanned Vehicles (AUV) are being used for different tasks like rescue, search, monitoring, aerial operations as well as underwater operations even AUV can aid where human reachability is impossible. Localization, tracking, and mapping are fundamentals of an autonomous system. The main problem of AUV, which attracts researchers, is the simultaneous localization and mapping, where no external positioning source is available like GPS. There are many proposed techniques and algorithms which can be used to solve this problem of AUV like GPS (Global Positioning System), Motion Capture System (MCS), Visual System, etc. with limitations. Some probabilistic solutions like Graph SLAM, EKF based SALM, and Fast SLAM are also available for this problem. EKF based SLAM is used for the non-linear model but has different issues (like inconsistency) when the map becomes large and complex. It does not work well with the non-Gaussian distribution. Fast SLAM algorithm is used with the non-Gaussian distribution. It can provide high speed computation and good accuracy but has issues during the resampling processes like particle depletion and degeneracy. On the other hand, Graph based SLAM can deal with large and complex maps and can process a large number of landmarks accurately and it can perform much better than EKF and Fast SLAM.
A laboratory demonstration of solitons using a vertical watery conduit in syrup

Buoyant conduits of a water–syrup mixture were produced in syrup by injection from below. Low‐amplitude waves on the walls of these conduits have been theoretically shown to obey the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation which has soliton solutions. However, qualitative soliton behavior persists even for very‐large‐amplitude waves. Collision properties of two waves are compared to KdV solitons using video images of 16 collisions. Wave amplitude is conserved upon collison to better than ±10%, but there is a slight enlargement of the large wave at the expense of the small wave. Position change in the trajectory of the waves due to wave–wave collison has the correct qualitative behavior when plotted against KdV theory. Wave packets that disperse into isolated solitary waves are also easy to observe.
Effect of Shading on the Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Characteristics as Well as the Transcriptome of Matcha Green Tea

High-quality tea leaves are required for matcha production. Shading is one of the key agronomic practices that can increase the quality of green tea. The objectives among matcha tea producers include increasing the ammonia and chlorophyll contents of tea buds, decreasing tea polyphenol contents, and enhancing tea aroma formation. In this study, Fuding white tea plants were cultivated under open-air conditions (control) as well as under 85% (S85) and 95% (S95) shade. The chlorophyll contents were highest for the S85 treatment, followed by the S95 and control treatments. Moreover, shading increased the theanine and caffeine contents, while decreasing the polyphenol (epicatechin and epigallocatechin) contents, thereby optimizing matcha tea flavors. A total of 2788 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 1151 and 1637 were respectively upregulated and downregulated in response to shading. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that most of the DEGs were associated with metabolic processes (e.g., MAPK signaling, plant-pathogen interactions, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis). Therefore, shading may modulate tea plant metabolism, signaling, biosynthetic activities, and environment-related changes to gene transcription. The expression of amino acid permeases (APP) encoding genes was downregulated in tea plants. Thus, shading influences theanine biosynthesis and the AAP-mediated distribution of theanine in tea plants.
Observation of surface cracks with scanning acoustic microscope

Surface cracks introduced in soda lime glass and MgO single crystal have been examined with a 200‐ and 420‐MHz scanning acoustic microscope. A fringe pattern was observed around the cracking line on the surface which could not be observed with an optical microscope. A simplified model is proposed in which fringe formation is due to the interference between the leaky surface wave reflected by the crack and the specularly reflected wave at the surface or the leaky surface wave that did not reach the crack. By monitoring these fringes, a Hertzian crack in soda lime glass with a depth as small as 25 μm was detected. The direction of crack orientation relative to the surface normal was also obtained from the asymmetrical contrast distribution of the fringes.
Discovery of Extremely Large-Amplitude Quasi-Periodic Photometric Variability in a WC9-Type Wolf–Rayet Binary, WR 104

We discovered that the Wolf–Rayet (WR)+OB star binary WR 104, renowned for its associated “dusty pinwheel nebula”, recently spatially resolved with infrared interferometry, exhibits strong quasi-periodic optical variations with a full amplitude of 2.7mag. Such a large-amplitude, continuous variation has been unprecedented in a WR star. The optical quasi-period (∼ 241d) is in almost perfect agreement with the interferometric period (243.5 ±3d). The remarkable agreement of the dominant period in optical variability with the orbital period supports that the strongly varying dust obscuration is physically related to the binary motion, rather than sporadic dust-forming episodes. Considering the low orbital inclination (11 ◦ ± 7 ◦ ) and the nearly circular orbit inferred from the interferometric observations, the strongly variable line-of-sight extinction suggests that the highly structured extinction might be in the process of being formed via the ejection of dust in the direction of the binary rotation axis. Another viable explanation is that the three-dimensional structure of the shock front, itself, is the obscuring body. Depending on the geometry, the dusty shock front near the conjunction phase of the binary can completely obscure the inner WR-star wind and the OB star, which can explain the amplitude of the optical fading and the past observation of remarkable spectral variation.
Discrete Wigner functions and quantum computational speedup

Gibbons et al. [Phys. Rev. A 70, 062101 (2004)] have recently defined a class of discrete Wigner functions W to represent quantum states in a finite Hilbert space dimension d. I characterize the set C{sub d} of states having non-negative W simultaneously in all definitions of W in this class. For d{<=}5 I show C{sub d} is the convex hull of stabilizer states. This supports the conjecture that negativity of W is necessary for exponential speedup in pure-state quantum computation.
A Novel Membrane-like 2D A’-MoS2 as Anode for Lithium- and Sodium-Ion Batteries

Currently, new nanomaterials for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium- ion batteries (SIBs) are urgently needed. Materials combining porous structure (such as representatives of metal–organic frameworks) and the ability to operate both with lithium and sodium (such as transition-metal dichalcogenides) are of particular interest. Our work reports the computational modelling of a new A’-MoS2 structure and its application in LIBs and SIBs. The A’-MoS2 monolayer was dynamically stable and exhibited semiconducting properties with an indirect band gap of 0.74 eV. A large surface area, together with the presence of pores resulted in a high capacity of the A’-MoS2 equal to ~391 mAg−1 at maximum filling for both Li and Na atoms. High adsorption energies and small values of diffusion barriers indicate that the A’-MoS2 is promising in the application of anode material in LIBs and SIBs.
COMPLEXES OF SPATIALLY MULTISTABLE DEFECTS AS THE SOURCE OF 1/f NOISE IN GaAs DEVICES

In order to determine the origin of 1/f noise in devices made on the basis of GaAs the structure and spatial multistability mechanism of complexes of defects originated by donor–acceptor pairs are researched. Examples of complexes, which potentially exist in n-GaAs:Si, are such pairs as SiAsSiGa, VGaSiGa, VGaVAs, VAsSiAs and VGaISi. For instance, VGaSiGa complex contains a gallium vacancy (VGa) and an atom of silicon (SiGa), which substitutes the nearest atom of gallium in the crystal lattice. The mechanism of spatial multistability of the entire complex of defects is linked with the influence of the Jahn–Teller effect on the complex or one of its elements. The ability of VGaSiGa complex to be one of the sources of 1/f noise is analyzed. It is assumed that 1/f noise may be generated by defects influenced by the Jahn–Teller effect.
Numerical simulations of 1 GeV/nucleon U92+ impact against atomic hydrogen

The impact of 1 GeV/nucleon U92+ projectiles against atomic hydrogen is studied by direct numerical resolution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation for the atomic electron on a three-dimensional Cartesian lattice. We employ the fully relativistic expressions to describe the electromagnetic fields created by the incident ion. The dynamics of the atomic electron are investigated for a wide range of values of the impact parameter.
On the 2:1 Orbital Resonance in the HD 82943 Planetary System

We present an analysis of the HD 82943 planetary system based on a radial velocity data set that combines new measurements obtained with the Keck telescope and the CORALIE measurements published in graphical form. We examine simultaneously the goodness of fit and the dynamical properties of the best-fit double-Keplerian model as a function of the poorly constrained eccentricity and argument of periapse of the outer planet's orbit. The fit with the minimum χ is dynamically unstable if the orbits are assumed to be coplanar. However, the minimum is relatively shallow, and there is a wide range of fits outside the minimum with reasonable χ. For an assumed coplanar inclination i = 30° (sin i = 0.5), only good fits with both of the lowest order, eccentricity-type mean-motion resonance variables at the 2 : 1 commensurability, θ1 and θ2, librating about 0° are stable. For sin i = 1, there are also some good fits with only θ1 (involving the inner planet's periapse longitude) librating that are stable for at least 108 yr. The libration semiamplitudes are about 6° for θ1 and 10° for θ2 for the stable good fit with the smallest libration amplitudes of both θ1 and θ2. We do not find any good fits that are nonresonant and stable. Thus, the two planets in the HD 82943 system are almost certainly in 2 : 1 mean-motion resonance, with at least θ1 librating, and the observations may even be consistent with small-amplitude librations of both θ1 and θ2.
SN 2014J in M82: new insights on the spectral diversity of Type Ia supernovae

We present extensive spectroscopic observations for one of the closest Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), SN 2014J discovered in M82, ranging from 10.4 d before to 473.2 d after B-band maximum light. The diffuse interstellar band features detected in a high-resolution spectrum allow an estimate of line-of-sight extinction as Av ∼ 1.9 ± 0.6 mag. Spectroscopically, SN 2014J can be put into the high-velocity (HV) subgroup in Wang’s classification with a velocity of Si ii λ 6355 at maximum light of $v$0 = 1.22 ± 0.01 × 104 km s−1 but has a low velocity gradient (LVG, following Benetti’s classification) of $\dot{v}=41\pm 2$ km s−1 d−1, which is inconsistent with the trend that HV SNe Ia generally have larger velocity gradients. We find that the HV SNe Ia with LVGs tend to have relatively stronger Si iii (at ∼4400 Å) absorptions in early spectra, larger ratios of S ii λ 5468 to S ii λ 5640, and weaker Si ii 5972 absorptions compared to their counterparts with similar velocities but high velocity gradients. This shows that the HV+LVG subgroup of SNe Ia may have intrinsically higher photospheric temperature, which indicates that their progenitors may experience more complete burning in the explosions relative to the typical HV SNe Ia.
The Mutual Preference Method: Capitalizing on Student Relationships to Guide Group Formation

Abstract Students working in groups experience positive outcomes in both academic and affective domains. Well-functioning groups contribute to a robust, active-learning classroom community. The literature contains a vast assortment of methods for the formation of student groups; nonetheless, the formation and evaluation of student groups formed by various methods continue to be valuable topics for research and discussion. Here we describe the mutual preference method (MPM), a novel procedure for group formation that pairs students based on a list of preferred collaborators that each student generates. The MPM is a unique approach to group formation meant to capitalize on existing student social structures, increase metacognition, promote habits in professionalism, and create productive groups.