Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large Data Low Regularity Scattering Results for the Wave Equation on the Euclidean Space

We will consider the resolution of the 3D non linear wave equation under the assumption of spherical symmetry on the euclidean space. For this purpose, we will build a non trivial measure on distributions such that there exists a set of full measurement onto which the flow is globally defined. We will then discuss different properties of the solutions.
Exploring the psychosocial challenges faced by pregnant teenagers in Ditsobotla subdistrict

Background Pregnant teenagers usually experience psychosocial challenges such as a great amount of stress when they have to deal with an unwanted pregnancy, unpreparedness for parenthood and a lack of income as well as labour and birth complications. These are further complicated by the stigma from their families, friends and community. Unaddressed psychosocial challenges during teenage pregnancy can adversely affect the health outcomes of both mother and the child. Aim This study explores and describes the psychosocial challenges faced by pregnant teenagers in the Ditsobotla subdistrict. Setting The study was conducted in three health centres in the Ditsobotla subdistrict. Methods A qualitative-exploratory-descriptive and contextual research design was used. Non-probability purposive and convenience sampling techniques were used to select the participants. Semistructured individual interviews through WhatsApp video calls were used to collect data, which were analysed using conventional content analysis. Results Three themes emerged from the findings of the study, namely psychological challenges, social challenges and suggestions to address psychosocial challenges faced by pregnant teenagers. Conclusion The findings established that pregnant teenagers in the Ditsobotla subdistrict are faced with psychosocial challenges which negatively impact their psychological health and social life. Suggestions made in this study have the potential to improve the psychosocial well-being of pregnant teenagers in the Ditsobotla subdistrict if implemented. Contributions The findings of this study provide important information that may be used to improve the psychosocial well-being of pregnant teenagers in the Ditsobotla subdistrict.
Geometry and general relativity in the groupoid model with a finite structure group

In a series of papers (M. Heller et al. J. Math. Phys. 38, 5840 (1997). doi:10.1063/1.532186; M. Heller and W. Sasin. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 38, 1619 (1999). doi:10.1023/A:1026617913754; M. Heller et al. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 44, 619 (2005). doi:10.1007/s10773-005-3992-7) we proposed a model unifying general relativity and quantum mechanics. The idea was to deduce both general relativity and quantum mechanics from a noncommutative algebra, AΓ , defined on a transformation groupoid Γ determined by the action of the Lorentz group on the frame bundle (E, πM, M) over space–time M. In the present work, we construct a simplified version of the gravitational sector of this model in which the Lorentz group is replaced by a finite group, G, and the frame bundle is trivial E = M × G. The model is fully computable. We define the Einstein–Hilbert action, with the help of which we derive the generalized vacuum Einstein equations. When the equations are projected to space–time (giving the “general relativistic limit”), th.
On minimal Legendrian submanifolds of Sasaki–Einstein manifolds

For a given minimal Legendrian submanifold L of a Sasaki–Einstein manifold we construct two families of eigenfunctions of the Laplacian of L and we give a lower bound for the dimension of the corresponding eigenspace. Moreover, in the case the lower bound is attained, we prove that L is totally geodesic and a rigidity result about the ambient manifold. This is a generalization of a result for the standard Sasakian sphere done by Le and Wang.
Dynamical and energetic instabilities in multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices

We study dynamical and energetic instabilities in the transport properties of Bloch waves for atomic multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices in the tight-binding limit. We obtain stability criteria analytically, as a function of superfluid velocities and interaction parameters, in several cases, for two-component and spinor condensates. In the two-species case we find that the presence of the other condensate component can stabilize the superfluid flow of an otherwise unstable condensate and that the free space dynamical miscibility condition of the two species can be reversed by tuning the superfluid flow velocities. In spin-1 condensates, we find the steady-state Bloch wave solutions and characterize their stability criteria. We find that generally more regions of dynamical instability arise for the polar than for the ferromagnetic solutions. In the presence of magnetic Zeeman shifts, we find a richer variety of condensate solutions and find that the linear Zeeman shift can stabilize the superfluid flow in several cases of interest.
Quantum discord for general two-qubit states: Analytical progress

We present a reliable algorithm to evaluate quantum discord for general two-qubit states, amending and extending an approach recently put forward for the subclass of X states. A closed expression for the discord of arbitrary states of two qubits cannot be obtained, as the optimization problem for the conditional entropy requires the solution to a pair of transcendental equations in the state parameters. We apply our algorithm to run a numerical comparison between quantum discord and an alternative, computable measure of nonclassical correlations, namely, the geometric discord. We identify the extremally nonclassically correlated two-qubit states according to the (normalized) geometric discord, at a fixed value of the conventional quantum discord. The latter cannot exceed the square root of the former for systems of two qubits.
Elastic scattering signals of solar neutrinos with enhanced baryonic currents

The coupling of the baryonic current to new neutrino states ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{b}$ with strength in excess of the weak interactions is a viable extension of the standard model. We analyze the signature of ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{b}$ appearance in the solar neutrino flux that gives rise to an elastic scattering signal in dark matter direct detection and in solar neutrino experiments. This paper lays out an in-depth study of ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{b}$ detection prospects for current and future underground rare event searches. We scrutinize the model as a possible explanation for the reported anomalies from DAMA, CoGeNT, and CRESST-II and confront it with constraints from other null experiments.
Revisiting cosmological bounds on radiative neutrino lifetime

Neutrino oscillation experiments and direct bounds on absolute masses constrain neutrino mass differences to fall into the microwave energy range, for most of the allowed parameter space. As a consequence of these recent phenomenological advances, older constraints on radiative neutrino decays based on diffuse background radiations and assuming strongly hierarchical masses in the eV range are now outdated. We thus derive new bounds on the radiative neutrino lifetime using the high precision cosmic microwave background spectral data collected by the Far Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer instrument on board the Cosmic Background Explorer. The lower bound on the lifetime is between a fewx10{sup 19} s and {approx}5x10{sup 20} s, depending on the neutrino mass ordering and on the absolute mass scale. However, due to phase space limitations, the upper bound in terms of the effective magnetic moment mediating the decay is not better than {approx}10{sup -8} Bohr magnetons. We also comment about possible improvements of these limits, by means of recent diffuse infrared photon background data. We compare these bounds with preexisting limits coming from laboratory or astrophysical arguments. We emphasize the complementarity of our results with others available in the literature.
An Enhanced NSGA-II for Solving Berth Allocation and Quay Crane Assignment Problem With Stochastic Arrival Times

The berth allocation and quay crane assignment problem (BACAP) is an important port operation planning problem. To obtain an effective and reliable schedule of berth and quay crane (QC), this study addresses the BACAP with stochastic arrival times of vessels. An efficient method combining scenario generation is presented to simulate the stochastic arrival times. After then, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is established, aiming to minimize the expectation of the vessels’ total stay time in port. A multi-objective constraint-handling (MOCH) strategy is adopted to reformulate the developed model, which converts constraint violations into an objective, thus transforming the single-objective optimization model with complex constraints into a dual-objective optimization model with only easy-handling constraints. Then an enhanced non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (ENSGA-II) is proposed to solve the dual-objective model, in which a neighborhood search algorithm and a search bias mechanism are incorporated to strengthen the local exploitation capability. Furthermore, a repair method (RM), penalty function (PF) and the superiority of feasible solutions (SF) strategy for constraint handling are designed respectively and incorporated with genetic algorithm to solve the original single-objective optimization model. Finally, numerical experiments on instances in the literature are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the MOCH and the proposed ENSGA-II. The results show that the average total stay time of vessels is reduced when stochastic arrival times are considered. Comparison results with another two multi-objective methods and three single-objective methods combined with different constraint-handling strategies corroborate the superiority of the proposed ENSGA-II and MOCH.
Clinical Characteristics and Histopathology in Suspected Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections

Abstract Background Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are severe diseases with high morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis is challenging. Several guidelines recommend tissue biopsies as an adjunct diagnostic in routine management, but neither biopsy sampling nor classification is standardized or validated. We studied the quality of tissue biopsy examination as part of routine diagnostics in NSTIs. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients undergoing surgery due to suspected NSTIs in which tissue biopsy was taken as part of routine management. Clinical data were reviewed. The biopsies were evaluated according to a proposed histopathologic classification system and independently assessed by 2 pathologists. Interrater reliability and diagnostic accuracy were determined. Results Tissue biopsies from 75 patients were examined, 55 NSTIs and 20 non-NSTIs cases. The cohorts were similar in clinical characteristics. Interrater reliability for histopathologic staging was moderate (0.53) and fair (0.37) for diagnosis. The sensitivity of histologic diagnosis was 75% and the specificity 80%. The positive predictive value was 91% and the negative predictive value 53%. Necrotizing Infection Clinical Composite Endpoint (NICCE) success was associated with a more severe histological stage, achieved by 42% and 71% of the cases in stage 1 and 2, respectively (P = .046). Conclusions Our findings suggest that tissue biopsies have low clinical accuracy. The interrater reliability among experienced pathologists is only fair to moderate. A histopathologically more severe stage was associated with favorable outcome. These findings discourage the use of histopathologic evaluation as part of contemporary management of patients with suspected NSTI.
FOUR NEW T DWARFS IDENTIFIED IN Pan-STARRS 1 COMMISSIONING DATA

A complete well-defined sample of ultracool dwarfs is one of the key science programs of the Pan-STARRS 1 optical survey telescope (PS1). Here we combine PS1 commissioning data with the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) to conduct a proper motion search (0.″1–2.″0 yr−1) for nearby T dwarfs, using optical+near-IR colors to select objects for spectroscopic follow-up. The addition of sensitive far-red optical imaging from PS1 enables discovery of nearby ultracool dwarfs that cannot be identified from 2MASS data alone. We have searched 3700 deg2 of PS1 y-band (0.95–1.03 μm) data to y ≈ 19.5 mag (AB) and J ≈ 16.5 mag (Vega) and discovered four previously unknown bright T dwarfs. Three of the objects (with spectral types T1.5, T2, and T3.5) have photometric distances within 25 pc and were missed by previous 2MASS searches due to more restrictive color selection criteria. The fourth object (spectral type T4.5) is more distant than 25 pc and is only a single-band detection in 2MASS. We also examine the potential for completing the census of nearby ultracool objects with the PS1 3π survey.
Cosmic neutron-star merger rate and gravitational waves constrained by the r-process nucleosynthesis

The cosmic evolution of the neutron-star merger (NSM) rate can be deduced from the observed cosmic star formation rate. This allows us to estimate the rate expected in the horizon of the gravitational wave detectors advanced Virgo and advanced LIGO and to compare those rates with independent predictions. In this context, the rapid neutron-capture process, or r-process, can be used as a constraint assuming NSM is the main astrophysical site for this nucleosynthetic process.We compute the early cosmic evolution of a typical r-process element, europium. Eu yields from NSM are taken from recent nucleosynthesis calculations. The same approach allows us to compute the cosmic rate of Core-Collapse SuperNovae (CCSNe) and the associated evolution of Eu. We find that the bulk of Eu observations at [Fe/H] > -2.5 can be rather well fitted by either CCSN or NSM scenarios. However, at lower metallicity, the early Eu cosmic evolution favours NSM as the main astrophysical site for the r-process. A comparison between our calculations and spectroscopic observations at very low metallicities allows us to constrain the coalescence time-scale in the NSM scenario to ~0.1-0.2 Gyr. These values are in agreement with the coalescence time-scales of some observed binary pulsars. Finally, the cosmic evolution of Eu is used to put constraints on (i) the NSM rate, (ii) the merger rate in the horizon of the gravitational wave detectors advanced Virgo/ad LIGO, as well as (iii) the expected rate of electromagnetic counterparts to mergers ('kilonovae') in large near-infrared surveys.
The XMM–Newton survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud: XMMU J005011.2−730026 = SXP 214, a Be/X-ray binary pulsar

In the course of the XMM―Newton survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud, a region to the east of the emission nebula N19 was observed in 2009 November. To search for new candidates for high-mass X-ray binaries, the EPIC-pn and EPIC-MOS data of the detected point sources were investigated and their spectral and temporal characteristics identified. A new transient (XMMU J005011.2-730026 = SXP 214) with a pulse period of 214.05 s was discovered; the source had a hard X-ray spectrum with a power-law index of ~0.65. The accurate X-ray source location permits the identification of the X-ray source with an ~15th magnitude Be star, thereby confirming this system as a new Be/X-ray binary.
Simple analytic model for astrophysical S factors

We propose a physically transparent analytic model of astrophysical S factors as a function of a center-of-mass energy E of colliding nuclei (below and above the Coulomb barrier) for nonresonant fusion reactions. For any given reaction, the S(E) model contains four parameters [two of which approximate the barrier potential, U(r)]. They are easily interpolated along many reactions involving isotopes of the same elements; they give accurate practical expressions for S(E) with only several input parameters for many reactions. The model reproduces the suppression of S(E) at low energies (of astrophysical importance) due to the shape of the low-r wing of U(r). The model can be used to reconstruct U(r) from computed or measured S(E). For illustration, we parametrize our recent calculations of S(E) (using the Sao Paulo potential and the barrier penetration formalism) for 946 reactions involving stable and unstable isotopes of C, O, Ne, and Mg (with nine parameters for all reactions involving many isotopes of the same elements, e.g., C+O). In addition, we analyze astrophysically important {sup 12}C+{sup 12}C reaction, compare theoretical models with experimental data, and discuss the problem of interpolating reliably known S(E) values to low energies (E < or approx. 2-3 MeV).
The scalar singlet-triplet dark matter model

We consider a model for cold dark matter, which combines a real scalar singlet and a real scalar SU(2)L triplet field, both of which are residing in the odd representation of a global Z2 symmetry. The parameter space of the model is constrained by the inferred dark matter abundance from the WMAP and Planck data, the most recent results from the direct dark matter search experiment LUX, the Z boson decay width from LEP-I and perturbativity of the coupling parameters. The phenomenology of the remaining parameter space is studied. We find that the model allows for DM masses near the electroweak scale and a variety of decay scenarios.
Simulating individual-based models of bacterial chemotaxis with asymptotic variance reduction

We discuss variance reduced simulations for an individual-based model of chemotaxis of bacteria with internal dynamics. The variance reduction is achieved via a coupling of this model with a simpler process in which the internal dynamics has been replaced by a direct gradient sensing of the chemoattractants concentrations. In the companion paper ["Individual-based models for bacterial chemotaxis in the diffusion limit" (to appear in Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci., DOI: 10.1142/S0218202513500243)], we have rigorously shown, using a pathwise probabilistic technique, that both processes converge towards the same advection–diffusion process in the diffusive asymptotics. In this work, a direct coupling is achieved between paths of individual bacteria simulated by both models, by using the same sets of random numbers in both simulations. This coupling is used to construct a hybrid scheme with reduced variance. We first compute a deterministic solution of the kinetic density description of the direct gradient sensing model; the deviations due to the presence of internal dynamics are then evaluated via the coupled individual-based simulations. We show that the resulting variance reduction is asymptotic, in the sense that, in the diffusive asymptotics, the difference between the two processes has a variance which vanishes according to the small parameter.
Marker Based Screening of F1 (Rosalie x Fuji) Mapping Population for Major Scab Resistance Gene Rvi6 in Apple (Malus × Domestica)

Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) being the most significant and profitable crop cultivated in temperate areas is extremely susceptible to the apple scab disease. It becomes problematic when pathogens develop resistance and farmers spend a lot of money on fungicides. These widespread worries reasonably call for a different disease resistance management strategy in order to use fungicides less frequently. As a result, the current study focused on scab resistance gene introgression in cultivar ‘Fuji’ using phenotypic and marker-assisted screening in hybrids created by crossing scab succeptible cultivar ‘Fuji’ with a scab resistant cultivar ‘Rosalie’. There was a 1:1 Mendelian segregation ratio between susceptible and resistant hybrids. From our study, the resistant hybrids obtained have the potential to be utilized as commercial varieties after evaluation for important pomological traits and also as resistant gene sources in downstream breeding programs.
Effects of Inflation Pressure and Wall Thickness on Gripping Force of Semi-Cylindrical Shaped Soft Actuator: Numerical Investigation

robotics Pneumatic Network actuators (Pneu-Net) is a developing field that has a promising future for variety of applications involving delicate operations such as biomedical assistance. The interaction between geometry and the performance of the actuator is an important topic which has been studied by many researchers in this field. However, there is a lack of investigation on the relationship between gripping capability and geometrical parameters of soft actuators. Especially, there is a need to shed more light on the effects of wall thicknesses on the gripping force developed. In the present study, a semi-cylindrical chambered PneuNet soft actuator is numerically investigated to evaluate the effects of pressure and wall thickness variations on its performance characteristics. The results revealed that increasing the restraining layer thickness (RLT) aids the bending capability of the actuator whereas increasing the chamber wall thickness reduces it. Therefore, maximum bending of the actuator is achieved at the combinations of minimum wall thickness and maximum RLT. At these geometrical configurations of maximum bending, the deformation-pressure relationships followed a sigmoidal function and tended towards linearity with increasing wall thickness and decreasing RLT. The gripping force showed an exponential increase with increasing working pressures and wall thicknesses. The maximum gripping force increased cubically with increasing wall thicknesses at their respective maximum working pressures, which was modeled using a polynomial regression model (R 2 =99.79%).
AN XMM-NEWTON STUDY OF THE BRIGHT, NEARBY SUPERNOVA REMNANT G296.1–0.5

We present a detailed study of the supernova remnant (SNR) G296.1–0.5, performed using observations with the European Photon Imaging Camera (EPIC) and Reflection Grating Spectrometer instruments of the XMM-Newton satellite. G296.1–0.5 is a bright remnant that displays an incomplete multiple-shell morphology in both its radio and X-ray images. We use a set of observations toward G296.1–0.5, from three distinct pointings of EPIC, in order to perform a thorough spatial and spectral analysis of this remnant, and hence determine what type of progenitor gave rise to the supernova explosion, and describe the evolutionary state of the SNR. Our XMM-Newton observations establish that the spectral characteristics are consistent across the X-ray bright regions of the object and are best described by a model of the emission from a nonequilibrium ionization collisional plasma. The study reveals that the emission from the shell is characterized by an excess of N and an underabundance of O, which is typical of wind material from red supergiant and Wolf–Rayet stars. Additionally, we have detected transient X-ray source 2XMMi J115004.8-622442 at the edge of the SNR whose properties suggest that it is the result of stellar flare, and we discuss its nature in more detail.