Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of stereoscopic artefacts

This report aims to overview, describe and categorise stereoscopic artefacts which occur during delivery of mobile stereoscopic video. First we identify the stages of 3D video delivery dataflow – content creation, conversion to the desired format, coding/decoding, transmission, and visualisation. In order to predict how an artefact would be interpreted by the human visual system, we match the dataflow stages against the different visual subsystems of human – structural, colour, motion and binocular vision. We obtain a table of stereoscopic artefacts. For each artefact we discuss the causes for occurrence, how it affects the 3D vision, and studies referring to it. Then, we identify which artefacts are possible in a mobile 3DTV system, and whether an artefact is possible when 3D content is represented as multi-channel or dense-depth video. Finally, we present a block diagram of a system for simulation of the identified artefacts.
The new modeling method for Instructional System Design with Unified Process and UML

The Instructional System Design (ISD) is an incremental process that systematically follows the phases of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. ADDIE is a best defined a model falling under the ISD framework and is composed of above five steps. Reference to ADDIE model and Rational Unified Process(RUP) specification, as well as Unified Modeling Language (UML), and with the aid of the theory and method on Software Engineering, this paper defines a set of models for ISD. It includes the model of Unified Process model for ISD, and how to use UML diagrams for phases of Unified Process. The purpose of this paper is to presents a new framework for ISD in main aspects, so that the ISD becomes more standard, understand easily and implementation. Our work shows that it can provide a new way to help represent both specific and generic designs solution, and believe this can bring overall change on ISD.
Ontologies and Bayesian Networks in Medical Diagnosis

The amount of information that must be taken into ac count in medical diagnosis is huge and subject to evolution. Ontologies are a means for formalizing the concepts of the domain of interest. Open, interoperable ontologies already exist for the biomedical field, enabling scientists to communicate with minimum ambiguity. Unfortunately, reasoners acting upon ontologies operate in a deterministic manner, which is unsuitable for the medical domain, where uncertainty must also be taken into account. Bayesian networks (BNs) offer a coherent and intuitive representation of uncertain domain knowledge. This paper presents an approach to the use of ontologies and BNs in medical diagnosis. The approach is based on the adoption of predefined structures for the BNs. These lead to reduced extensions to the domain ontology, yet allowing probabilistic analysis.
A Critical Analysis of Privacy and Security on Social Media

Privacy and security are the main concern of any social media network sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Linked In etc. The primary purpose of these sites is to allow people to share interests, activities, real-life connections. Lack of attention to privacy and security on social media does seem to be odds with the belief as individual responsibility. Network virtualization, media independence and FAME etc., are the technologies which are used for protecting the user's information over the internet. In this paper, we describe various methods for securing the data with some threats and solution. Finally, concludes with a few suggestions as future research direction.
Spectral statistics for the Dirac operator on graphs

We determine conditions for the quantization of graphs using the Dirac operator for both two- and four-component spinors. According to the Bohigas–Giannoni–Schmit conjecture for such systems with time-reversal symmetry the energy level statistics are expected, in the semiclassical limit, to correspond to those of random matrices from the Gaussian symplectic ensemble. This is confirmed by numerical investigation. The scattering matrix used to formulate the quantization condition is found to be independent of the type of spinor. We derive an exact trace formula for the spectrum and use this to investigate the form factor in the diagonal approximation.
Anthocyanin Extracted from Black Soybean Seed Coats Prevents Autoimmune Arthritis by Suppressing the Development of Th17 Cells and Synthesis of Proinflammatory Cytokines by Such Cells, via Inhibition of NF-κB

Introduction Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Anthocyanin is a plant antioxidant. We investigated the therapeutic effects of anthocyanin extracted from black soybean seed coats (AEBS) in a murine model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and explored possible mechanisms by which AEBS might exert anti-arthritic effects. Material and Methods CIA was induced in DBA/1J mice. Cytokine levels were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Joints were assessed in terms of arthritis incidence, clinical arthritis scores, and histological features. The extent of oxidative stress in affected joints was determined by measuring the levels of nitrotyrosine and inducible nitric oxide synthase. NF-κB activity was assayed by measuring the ratio of phosphorylated IκB to total IκB via Western blotting. Th17 cells were stained with antibodies against CD4, IL-17, and STAT3. Osteoclast formation was assessed via TRAP staining and measurement of osteoclast-specific mRNA levels. Results In the CIA model, AEBS decreased the incidence of arthritis, histological inflammation, cartilage scores, and oxidative stress. AEBS reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in affected joints of CIA mice and suppressed NF-κB signaling. AEBS decreased Th17 cell numbers in spleen of CIA mice. Additionally, AEBS repressed differentiation of Th17 cells and expression of Th17-associated genes in vitro, in both splenocytes of naïve DBA/1J mice and human PBMCs. In vitro, the numbers of both human and mouse tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase+ (TRAP) multinucleated cells fell, in a dose-dependent manner, upon addition of AEBS. Conclusions The anti-arthritic effects of AEBS were associated with decreases in Th17 cell numbers, and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines synthesized by such cells, mediated via suppression of NF-κB signaling. Additionally, AEBS suppressed osteoclastogenesis and reduced oxidative stress levels.
A Joint Dependency Model of Morphological and Syntactic Structure for Statistical Machine Translation

When translating between two languages that differ in their degree of morphological synthesis, syntactic structures in one language may be realized as morphological structures in the other, and SMT models need a mechanism to learn such translations. Prior work has used morpheme splitting with flat representations that do not encode the hierarchical structure between morphemes, but this structure is relevant for learning morphosyntactic constraints and selectional preferences. We propose to model syntactic and morphological structure jointly in a dependency translation model, allowing the system to generalize to the level of morphemes. We present a dependency representation of German compounds and particle verbs that results in improvements in translation quality of 1.4‐1.8 BLEU in the WMT English‐German translation task.
A Proposed Peer Selection Algorithm for Transmission Scheduling in P2P-VOD Systems

Video transmission in peer-to-peer video-on- demand faces some challenges. These challenges include long transmission delay and poor quality of service. The peer selection plays an important role in enhancing transmission efficiency. For this reason, a proposed algorithm for peer selection is introduced to overcome these challenges. The proposed algorithm consists of four steps. First, the peers exchange their own buffer maps with other peers. Second, the requested segments are ordered according to their priorities. Third, neighbors of the receiver are evaluated by the efficiency estimation. Finally, the efficient sender list is applied to solve the overloading and bottleneck on the highest efficient sender. A simulation is introduced to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm compared to a peer selection algorithm with context-aware adaptive (CAA) data scheduling algorithm. The results show that, the proposed algorithm reduces initial buffering delay and achieves high throughput rather than CAA algorithm.
The Afterglow and Complex Environment of the Optically Dim Burst GRB 980613

We report the identification of the optical afterglow of GRB 980613 in R- and I-band images obtained between 16 and 48 hr after the gamma-ray burst. Early near-infrared (NIR) H and K' observations are also reported. The afterglow was optically faint (R ≈ 23) at discovery but did not exhibit an unusually rapid decay (power-law decay slope α < 1.8 at 2 σ). The optical/NIR spectral index (βRH < 1.1) was consistent with the optical-to-X-ray spectral index (βRX ≈ 0.6), indicating a maximal reddening of the afterglow of ≈0.45 mag in R. Hence, the dimness of the optical afterglow was mainly due to the fairly flat spectral shape rather than internal reddening in the host galaxy. We also present late-time Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph images of the field in which GRB 980613 occurred, obtained 799 days after the burst. These images show that GRB 980613 was located close to a very compact, blue V = 26.1 object inside a complex region consisting of star-forming knots and/or interacting galaxy fragments. Therefore, GRB 980613 constitutes a strong case for the association of cosmological gamma-ray bursts with star-forming regions.
Comprehensive analysis of high-throughput screens with HiTSeekR

High-throughput screening (HTS) is an indispensable tool for drug (target) discovery that currently lacks user-friendly software tools for the robust identification of putative hits from HTS experiments and for the interpretation of these findings in the context of systems biology. We developed HiTSeekR as a one-stop solution for chemical compound screens, siRNA knock-down and CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out screens, as well as microRNA inhibitor and -mimics screens. We chose three use cases that demonstrate the potential of HiTSeekR to fully exploit HTS screening data in quite heterogeneous contexts to generate novel hypotheses for follow-up experiments: (i) a genome-wide RNAi screen to uncover modulators of TNFα, (ii) a combined siRNA and miRNA mimics screen on vorinostat resistance and (iii) a small compound screen on KRAS synthetic lethality. HiTSeekR is publicly available at http://hitseekr.compbio. sdu.dk. It is the first approach to close the gap between raw data processing, network enrichment and wet lab target generation for various HTS screen types.
Se p 20 05 On the Number of Distinct Multinomial Coefficients

We study M(n), the number of distinct values taken by multinomial coefficients with upper entry n, and some closely related sequences. We show that both pP(n)/M(n) and M(n)/p(n) tend to zero as n goes to infinity, where pP(n) is the number of partitions of n into primes and p(n) is the total number of partitions of n. To use methods from commutative algebra, we encode partitions and multinomial coefficients as monomials.
Hypertension in the Ferlo (Northern Senegal): prevalence, awareness, treatment and control

Introduction The aim of this article is to assess prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in rural Senegal (Sahelian Ferlo region). Methods This study was carried out in 2015 on a population sample of 500 individuals living in the municipality of Tessekere, constructed using the quota method. Sociodemographic characteristics, hypertension, hypertension awareness, treatment and control, and body mass index of individuals were collected during face-to-face interviews. Statistical analyses used were Chi-square tests and binary logistic regressions. Results Prevalence of hypertension was 31.40%. Prevalence of awareness, treatment and control among hypertensives, were 43.31%, 24.84% and 11.46% respectively. Logistic regression showed that the prevalence and awareness of hypertension increased with age. Overweight and obese subjects were more often hypertensive, but did not differ from others in awareness and treatment. Conclusion Given the very high prevalence of hypertension in the region, a strategic approach to prevent and control hypertension is critically needed.
Biogeosciences Evaluation of satellite based indices for gross primary production estimates in a sparse savanna in the Sudan

One of the more frequently applied methods for integrating controls on primary production through satellite data is the Light Use Efficiency (LUE) approach. Satellite indices such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and the Shortwave Infrared Water Stress Index (SIWSI) have previously shown promise as predictors of primary production in several different environments. In this study, we evaluate NDVI, EVI and SIWSI derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite sensor against in-situ measurements from central Sudan in order to asses their applicability in LUE-based primary production modeling within a water limited environment. Results show a strong correlation between vegetation indices and gross primary production (GPP), demonstrating the significance of vegetation indices for deriving information on primary production with relatively high accuracy at similar areas. Evaluation of SIWSI however, reveal that the fraction of vegetation apparently is to low for the index to provide accurate information on canopy water content, indicating that the use of SIWSI as a predictor of water stress in satellite data-driven primary production modeling in similar semi-arid ecosystems is limited.
Designing WDM optical interconnects with full connectivity by using limited wavelength conversion

Summary form only given. Optical communication, in particular, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technique, has become a promising networking choice to meet ever-increasing demands on bandwidth from emerging bandwidth-intensive computing/networking applications. A major challenge in designing WDM optical interconnects is how to provide maximum connectivity while keeping minimum hardware cost. The overall hardware cost of a WDM optical interconnect includes not only the cost of switching elements, but also the cost of wavelength conversion. Previous work mainly focused on minimizing hardware cost without taking into consideration of the type of wavelength converters used. We design WDM optical interconnects with full connectivity by using the low cost limited wavelength converters. We present optimal WDM optical interconnects for both permutation and multicast in single stage and multistage implementations. We also discuss the impact of the relationship between the number of fibers and the number of wavelengths per fiber on the optimal design. As can be seen, the newly designed WDM optical interconnects have minimum hardware cost in terms of the number of crosspoints and wavelength conversion cost.
The k-client problem

Virtually all previous research in online algorithms has focused on single-threaded systems where only a single sequence of requests compete for system resources. To model multithreaded online systems, we define and analyze the k-client problem, a dual of the well-studied k-server problem. In the basic k-client problem, there is a single server and k clients, each of which generates a sequence of requests for service in a metric space. The crux of the problem is deciding which client's request the single server should service rather than which server should be used to service the current request. We also consider variations where requests have nonzero processing times and where there are multiple servers as well as multiple clients.We evaluate the performance of algorithms using several cost functions including maximum completion time and average completion time. Two of the main results we derive are tight bounds on the performance of several commonly studied disk scheduling algorithms and lower bounds of lgk2+1 on the competitive ratio of any online algorithm for the maximum completion time and average completion time cost functions when k is a power of 2. Most of our results are essentially identical for the maximum completion time and average completion time cost functions.
An XMM-Newton Observation of the Seyfert 2 Galaxy NGC 6300. I. The Nucleus

We present results from a half-day observation by XMM-Newton of the nucleus of the nearby Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 6300. The X-ray spectrum of the nucleus consists of a heavily absorbed hard component dominating the 3-10 keV band and a soft component seen in the 0.2-2 keV band. In the hard band, the spectrum is well fitted by a power-law model with photon index of 1.83 ± 0.08 attenuated by a Compton-thin absorber (NH ≃ 2.2 × 1023 cm-2). A narrow iron line is detected at 6.43 keV with an equivalent width of ~150 eV; the line velocity width is marginally resolved to be σ ~ 60 eV. The soft emission can be modeled as a power law and may be emission scattered by surrounding plasma. Rapid and high-amplitude variability is observed in the hard X-ray band, whereas both the iron line and the soft emission show no significant variability. It is suggested that the nucleus has experienced an overall long-term trend of decreasing hard X-ray intensity on a timescale of years. We discuss the origins of the spectral components.
Combinatorial Modelling and Learning with Prediction Markets

Combining models in appropriate ways to achieve high performance is commonly seen in machine learning fields today. Although a large amount of combinatorial models have been created, little attention is drawn to the commons in different models and their connections. A general modelling technique is thus worth studying to understand model combination deeply and shed light on creating new models. Prediction markets show a promise of becoming such a generic, flexible combinatorial model. By reviewing on several popular combinatorial models and prediction market models, this paper aims to show how the market models can generalise different combinatorial stuctures and how they implement these popular combinatorial models in specific conditions. Besides, we will see among different market models, Storkey's \emph{Machine Learning Markets} provide more fundamental, generic modelling mechanisms than the others, and it has a significant appeal for both theoretical study and application.
Infectious myonecrosis virus has a totivirus-like, 120-subunit capsid, but with fiber complexes at the fivefold axes

Infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) is an emerging pathogen of penaeid shrimp in global aquaculture. Tentatively assigned to family Totiviridae, it has a nonsegmented dsRNA genome of 7,560 bp and an isometric capsid of the 901-aa major capsid protein. We used electron cryomicroscopy and 3D image reconstruction to examine the IMNV virion at 8.0-Å resolution. Results reveal a totivirus-like, 120-subunit T = 1 capsid, 450 Å in diameter, but with fiber complexes protruding a further 80 Å at the fivefold axes. These protrusions likely mediate roles in the extracellular transmission and pathogenesis of IMNV, capabilities not shared by most other totiviruses. The IMNV structure is also notable in that the genome is centrally organized in five or six concentric shells. Within each of these shells, the densities alternate between a dodecahedral frame that connects the threefold axes vs. concentration around the fivefold axes, implying certain regularities in the RNA packing scheme.
Efficient exploration of on-chip bus architectures and memory allocation

Separation between computation and communication in system design allows the system designer to explore the communication architecture independently of component selection and mapping. We present an iterative two-step exploration methodology for bus-based on-chip communication architecture and memory allocation, assuming that memory traces from the processing elements are given from the mapping stage. The proposed method uses a static performance estimation technique to reduce the large design space drastically and quickly, and applies a trace-driven simulation technique to the reduced set of design candidates for accurate performance estimation. Since local memory traffic as well as shared memory traffic are involved in bus contention, memory allocation is considered as an important axis of the design space in our technique. The viability and efficiency of the proposed methodology are validated by two real-life examples, 4-channel digital video recorder (DVR) and an equalizer for OFDM DVB-T receiver.
Devising a Biological Model to Detect Polymorphic Computer Viruses Artificial Immune System (AIM): Review

Currently, in most virus detection techniques the signature recognition process of unknown viruses are challenging task. The process has become more difficulties after the complexities of the viruses’ structure have developed, as in the Polymorphic computer viruses. This paper reviews and then explains some used techniques to detect the known polymorphic viruses. Besides, the paper contains the review of some biological models for virus detection. Finally, a new biological model for detecting polymorphic viruses is suggested.