Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties of lead-free solder alloys evaluated by miniature size specimen

Tensile and fatigue testing using miniature specimen was proposed to compare the mechanical behaviors of Sn-3.0%Ag-0.5%Cu alloy in small and large volumes respectively. It was found that the tensile strength data of the miniature specimen was not similar with clear inferiority to that of the large volume under all test conditions. The differences in their mechanical properties are attributed to dendrite morphology and intermetallic compounds size. Thus, the mechanical behavior and the solidification microstructure strongly depend on specimen volume, which suggests that small size be used to measure mechanical behaviors of solder alloys.
Linear regression with censored data

SUMMARY We give a method of estimating parameters in the linear regression model which allows the dependent variable to be censored and the residual distribution to be unspecified. The method differs from that of Miller (1976) in that the normal equations rather than the sum of squares of residuals are modified and this appears to overcome the inconsistency problems in Miller's approach. Large sample properties of the estimator of slope are derived heuristically and substantiated by simulations. Some of the heart transplant data reported and analysed by Miller are reanalysed using the present method.
Production of orthophoto map using mobile photogrammetry and comparative assessment of cost and accuracy with satellite imagery for corridor mapping: a case study in Manesar, Haryana, India

ABSTRACT The study aims to find a low-cost alternate technology to get imagery, using mobile platform, and produce digital orthophoto for corridor mapping, with a higher degree of accuracy and which can reduce the lag time of acquisition of data. The present study uses digital single-lens reflex cameras, mounted on a mobile vehicle, and acquisition of data in the video format rather than still photographs, as traditionally used in mobile mapping systems. The videos are used to create a set of images and orthophotos. A widespread ground control points were recorded in the study area, using the global navigation satellite system receiver, which measured the control points in real-time kinematic mode. Generation of digital orthophoto has been completed using the captured mobile imagery and ground control point. Furthermore, procurement of satellite imagery and aerial triangulation using ground control points have been done. While comparing the planimetric accuracy of orthophoto against satellite imagery using the ground control points, the achieved root mean square error value of produced orthophoto is 0.171 m in X axis and 0.205 m in Y axis. However, for Cartosat -1 satellite imagery, the RMSE value for X is 1.22 m and for Y is 1.98 m. This research proposes the alternate low-cost mobile mapping method to capture the imagery for orthophoto production. The cost of orthophoto production from mobile image was found 77% cheaper than the orthophoto cost from fresh/latest satellite imagery procurement, while the overall production was 70% cost-effective than the orthophoto maps made from archived imagery.
Green finance in Asia: challenges, policies and avenues for research

ABSTRACT Financing climate change mitigation and adaptation in Asia is critical for its population and economies but also for those of the world. This editorial provides a commentary and overview of ten articles within this special issue of Climate Policy on ‘Green Finance in Asia’. Contributions are diverse in terms of focus and methods. Most of the articles focus on managing transition risk with six of the articles having an energy focus; the dominant themes are the risk of stranded coal assets in China; the role of export finance by China and Japan for fossil fuel-fired power generation assets within Asia; and investment in renewable power generation and the policies to support such investment. The remaining four articles explore various policies in specific country contexts: the effects of green bond policies in China; the greening of monetary policy in China; the governance of sustainable finance in Indonesia; and policies to support investment and finance of off-grid electricity access in Bangladesh. Most of the ten contributions come from researchers in developed countries and principally from non-Asian countries, suggesting there is a need to develop green finance research capability and capacity across Asia. Despite being withing scope of the special issue, this collection does not contain papers on physical risk or adaptation finance. We highlight these as important gaps and priorities for future research. Key policy insights This editorial provides a commentary and overview of ten articles within this special issue of Climate Policy on ‘Green Finance in Asia’. Most of the ten contributions come from researchers in developed countries and principally from non-Asian countries. There is a need to develop green finance research capability and capacity across Asia. Most contributions were focussed on transition risk, with limited or no focus on physical risk and adaptation finance. This likely reflects the multiple resource and expertise challenges faced when conducting physical risks assessments.
Role of attractive forces in tapping tip force microscopy

We present experimental and numerical results demonstrating the drastic influence of attractive forces on the behaviour of the atomic force microscope when operated in the resonant tapping tip mode in an ambient environment. It is often assumed that tapping is related to repulsive interaction. In contrast, we find that in general the attractive forces are the most dominant interaction in this mode of operation. We show that attractive forces in combination with the repulsive elastic type of forces cause points of instability in the parameter space constituted by: the cantilever swing amplitude, the frequency bias point, and the distance between the fixed end of the cantilever and the sample. These points of instability can result in disturbances during image acquisition on hard elastic surfaces.
A comparison between the NMM and the XFEM in discontinuity modeling

Discontinuities such as voids, cracks, material interfaces, and joints widely exist in nature. Conventional finite element method (FEM) requires the finite element mesh to coincide with the discontinuities, which often complicates the meshing task. When evolution of discontinuities are necessary, remeshing is inevitable, which makes the simulation tedious and time-consuming. In order to overcome such inconveniences, the extended finite element method (XFEM) and the generalized finite element method (GFEM) were developed by incorporating special functions into the standard finite element approximation space based on partition of unity. The finite element mesh is allowed to be totally independent of the discontinuities and remeshing is totally avoided for discontinuity evolution. The numerical manifold method (NMM) can also be viewed as an extension or generalization to the conventional FEM. Different from the XFEM/GFEM, the approximation in the NMM is based on covers. The NMM models discontinuities by its dual cover system. In this paper, a detailed comparison between the NMM and the XFEM in discontinuity modeling is presented. Their advantages and disadvantages are pointed out. How the dual cover system in the NMM favors the complex crack modeling is emphasized. Potential extensions to the XFEM and the NMM are suggested.
Hierarchical topic modeling with nested hierarchical Dirichlet process

This paper deals with the statistical modeling of latent topic hierarchies in text corpora. The height of the topic tree is assumed as fixed, while the number of topics on each level as unknown a priori and to be inferred from data. Taking a nonparametric Bayesian approach to this problem, we propose a new probabilistic generative model based on the nested hierarchical Dirichlet process (nHDP) and present a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithm for the inference of the topic tree structure as well as the word distribution of each topic and topic distribution of each document. Our theoretical analysis and experiment results show that this model can produce a more compact hierarchical topic structure and captures more fine-grained topic relationships compared to the hierarchical latent Dirichlet allocation model.
A thermoelastic model with higher order time derivatives for a crack in a rotating solid

Abstract This article represents a refined one-temperature thermoelastic model with higher order time derivatives and phase-lags for a Mode-I crack in a rotating fiber-reinforced solid. The crack is subjected to a stipulated temperature and normal stress. The exact expressions of displacement, temperature and stress components are obtained by normal mode analysis. Some generalized thermoelasticity theories are obtained as special cases. The convergency of the present refined model is tabulated and is compared with other theories. The variations of the temperature, displacements and stresses are presented graphically with the crack length to show the effect of phase-lags and thermal relaxation time through Refined-phase-lag (RPL), simple-phase-lag (SPL), Green-Naghdi (G-N) theory, Lord-Shulman (L-S) theory and the Coupled thermoelasticity (CTE) theory in the presence and absence of rotation.
Towards an Approach based on Knowledge Graph Refinement for Relation Linking and Entity Linking (full paper)

This paper presents our contribution to the SMART 3.0 Relation Linking and Entity Linking research problems. This contribution consists of an approach based on knowledge graph refinement techniques for completing the graph with missing entities and relations. The model defined is inspired by the TransE algorithm and a scoring function that defines the distance between two nodes in the graph. The scoring function for Relation Linking is defined using Naive Bayes. Concerning Entity Linking, we identify and extract candidate terms from questions. Thereafter, these terms are used to search for relevant entities in the knowledge graph using LookUp and Wikibase API.
Memory Networks for RDFS reasoning: Experiments (short paper)

We report on new evaluations regarding the use of a Memory Networks deep learning architecture for deductive RDF reasoning. Evaluation on the SemRec CaLiGraph dataset show performance consistent with previously reported results, even without re-training on the CaLiGraph dataset. We also report on a preliminary evaluation regarding performance of the Memory Networks system with imperfect data. It shows that the system gracefully degrades.
Order bounds for C2-finite sequences

A sequence is called C-finite if it satisfies a linear recurrence with constant coefficients. We study sequences which satisfy a linear recurrence with C-finite coefficients. Recently, it was shown that such C2-finite sequences satisfy similar closure properties as C-finite sequences. In particular, they form a difference ring. In this paper we present new techniques for performing these closure properties of C2-finite sequences. These methods also allow us to derive order bounds which were not known before. Additionally, they provide more insight in the effectiveness of these computations. The results are based on the exponent lattice of algebraic numbers. We present an iterative algorithm which can be used to compute bases of such lattices.
Question Entity and Relation Linking to Knowledge Bases via CLOCQ (full paper)

Curated knowledge bases (KBs) contain billions of facts with millions of entities and thousands of predicates. Question answering (QA) systems are supposed to access this knowledge to answer users’ factoid questions. Entity linking and relation linking are integral ingredients of many such QA systems, and aim to link mentions in the question to concepts in the KB. The quality of these linking modules is of high importance: a single error in linking can result in a failure for the whole QA system. The SMART 2022 Task poses challenges for entity and relation linking to evaluate the performance of different approaches. In this work, we adapt and extend our prior work CLOCQ . CLOCQ computes top- 𝑘 linkings for each mention to make up for potential errors, with 𝑘 set automatically based on an ambiguity score. As an extension, we design a module that prunes linkings for irrelevant mentions which helps to improve precision. We found that there is a trade-off between recall and precision: higher 𝑘 boosts recall (up to 0.87 for entity linking), while lower 𝑘 leads to high precision performance. The best choice for the linking modules may highly depend on the specific QA system, and whether it can make use of higher recall in the presence of noise.
Research and Implementation of Vehicle-Logo Recognition Based on Modified Invariant Moments

According to the low recognition rate of Hu invariant moments in the target images, this article proposes a vehicle-logo recognition research algorithm based on the modified invariant moments. At first, use the template matching to locate the vehicle-logo rough area and use the edge detection for accurate location. Then, calculate the characteristic value of the modified invariant moments of the vehicle-logo, finally, the vehicle-logo is recognized according to the minimum distance of invariant moments. The experimental results show that the modified invariant moments can improve the recognition rate of target images effectively.
The National Severe Storms Laboratory Mesocyclone Detection Algorithm for the WSR-88D*

Abstract The National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) has developed a mesocyclone detection algorithm (NSSL MDA) for the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) system designed to automatically detect and diagnose the Doppler radar radial velocity patterns associated with storm-scale (1–10-km diameter) vortices in thunderstorms. The NSSL MDA is an enhancement to the current WSR-88D Build 9.0 Mesocyclone Algorithm (88D B9MA). The recent abundance of WSR-88D observations indicates that a variety of storm-scale vortices are associated with severe weather and tornadoes, and not just those vortices meeting previously established criteria for mesocyclones observed during early Doppler radar studies in the 1970s and 1980s in the Great Plains region of the United States. The NSSL MDA’s automated vortex detection techniques differ from the 88D B9MA, such that instead of immediately thresholding one-dimensional shear segments for strengths comparable to predefined mesocyclone parameters, the initial stren.
Overcoming obstacles to creating complex MEMS platforms: parallels with the semiconductor and computer design industries

Current MEMS technology is perhaps reminiscent of the early semiconductor technology industry and the first computer systems. As technologies mature, a certain pattern of evolution typically ensues. This path, however, is fraught with challenges (e.g. efficient architectural exploration), which act as discontinuities in the advancement of a technology. Overcoming these obstacles requires innovations and, generally, the establishment of infrastructure. This paper proposes one vision for the future of MEMS technology, describing how the techniques employed in circuit and computing system design can be adapted to MEMS platform design to raise the level of abstraction and facilitate the creation of complex architectures.
Correctly rounded exponential function in double-precision arithmetic

We present an algorithm for implementing correctly rounded exponentials in double-precision floating point arithmetic. This algorithm is based on floating-point operations in the widespread EEE-754 standard, and is therefore more efficient than those using multiprecision arithmetic, while being fully portable. It requires a table of reasonable size and IEEE-754 double precision multiplications and additions. In a preliminary implementation, the overhead due to correct rounding is a 6 times slowdown when compared to the standard library function.
Realizing a framework for enhancing the laboratory experiences of non-physics majors: from pilot to large-scale implementation

Physics experiments for students not majoring in physics may have little meaning for those students and appear to them unconnected in any way to their majors. This affects student engagement and influences the extent to which they regard their experiences in the physics laboratory as positive. We apply a framework for the development and evaluation of experiments for non-physics majors, which draws on the perspectives of a range of stakeholders and is designed to bring relevance and context to the fore. We report the application of the framework to a particular experiment over four semesters. The framework assisted in identifying features of laboratory work that often go unrecognized. These include the discord that can exist between the ambitions of the laboratory demonstrators and the expectations of the students; the change in the response of the students to an experiment once it moves from the trial phases to being implemented in classes that comprise several hundred students; and the impact of contextual factors, such as the quality of the laboratory environment.
A Combined 3D Linear and Circular Interpolation Technique for Multi-Axis CNC Machining

In multi-axis CNC machining of sculptured surfaces, a linear interpolation technique has been used to generate the command signals for positions along the straight line segments that connect each consecutive data point. Due to the rotational movements superimposed on the translational movements in multi-axis CNC machining, the actual cutter contact (CC) point moves along a space curve path, while the linear interpolation technique generates positions along the straight line path. The nonlinear curve segments deviate from the linearly interpolated line segments resulting in nonlinearity errors, which in turn, commonly cause difficulties to ensure high precision machining. An interpolator design technique for solving the nonlinearity errors problem in multi-axis CNC machining is presented. A combined 3D linear and circular interpolation principle is developed on the basis of the 3D linear and circular interpolation principles. The new designed interpolator is capable of driving the rotation movement pivot along a predesigned 3D curve path, so that the CC point motion trajectory is via a straight line connecting machining data points. Therefore, the proposed interpolator design technique on-line eliminates nonlinearity errors, and provides a solution to the nonlinearity errors problem for multi-axis CNC machining.
Combining information from several experiments with nonparametric priors

SUMMARY This paper considers combining information from several experiments when the experiments can be summarised via a parameter value. The structure of this set of parameters, in terms of independence, exchangeability, partial exchangeability, etc., is assumed to be unknown and a finite number of possible structures are entertained, each with an associated prior weight representing the degree of belief in that structure. Crucial is the criterion by which these structures are selected. The final inference for the parameter values is taken to be the average, with respect to the posterior weights, of the values obtained from each structure. This is performed within a Bayesian nonparametric framework where the form of the prior distribution for the parameters is unrestricted. Therefore we do not assume that the distributions associated with a partial structure are from the same family. Different types of experiment suggest different types of distributions of parameters associated with each type of experiment.
Cloud-Resolving Large-Eddy Simulation of Tropical Convective Development and Surface Fluxes

AbstractCloud-resolving large-eddy simulations (LES) on a 500 km × 500 km periodic domain coupled to a thermodynamic ocean mixed layer are used to study the effect of large-scale moisture convergence M on the convective population and heat and moisture budgets of the tropical atmosphere, for several simulations with M representative of the suppressed, transitional, and active phases of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). For a limited-area model without an imposed vertical velocity, M controls the overall vertical temperature structure. Moisture convergence equivalent to ~200 W m−2 (9 mm day−1) maintains the observed temperature profile above 5 km. Increased convective heating for simulations with higher M is partially offset by greater infrared cooling, suggesting a potential negative feedback that helps maintain the weak temperature gradient conditions observed in the tropics. Surface evaporation decreases as large-scale moisture convergence increases, and is only a minor component of the overall water.
Imaging multipole gravity anomaly sources by 3D probability tomography

We present a generalized theory of the probability tomography applied to the gravity method, assuming that any Bouguer anomaly data set can be caused by a discrete number of monopoles, dipoles, quadrupoles and octopoles. These elementary sources are used to characterize, in an as detailed as possible way and without any a priori assumption, the shape and position of the most probable minimum structure of the gravity sources compatible with the observed data set, by picking out the location of their centres and peculiar points of their boundaries related to faces, edges and vertices. A few synthetic examples using simple geometries are discussed in order to demonstrate the notably enhanced resolution power of the new approach, compared with a previous formulation that used only monopoles and dipoles. A field example related to a gravity survey carried out in the volcanic area of Mount Etna (Sicily, Italy) is presented, aimed at imaging the geometry of the minimum gravity structure down to 8 km of depth bsl.
Development of a model for multidimensional identification experiments

When several aspects of a stimulus are identified simultaneously, the pattern of errors made by an observer is generally not well described by a unidimensional Thurstonian decision mode. Although such data are often interpreted with the aid of multidimensional scaling techniques, this approach describes only very crude aspects of confusion matrices. A multidimensional generalization of the Thurstonian decision model has been developed that permits relatively precise predictions of error patterns to be made from parameters that describe sensitivity and bias. This model has been applied to identification experiments using vibrotactile stimuli varying over large ranges of intensity, frequency, and contactor area [Rabinowitz et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82, 1243–1252 (1987)]. Analysis reveals, for example, that sensitivity for a given stimulus dimension is generally reduced when both that dimension and another dimension are identified. This reduction is partially responsible for the failure of multidimensional.
Cross‐linguistic speech rhythm in a phrase repetition task

Language‐specific and language‐general aspects of speech rhythm were explored in a repetitive speech production task, whereby native English and Japanese speakers repeated phrases in time with an auditory metronome. Subjects were instructed to repeat each phrase (e.g., English ‘‘Give the dog a bone’’) once per metronome beep, aligning the beginning of the phrase with each beep. The rate of repetition was systematically manipulated by varying the metronome rate from slow to fast across trials. Rhythmic properties of the utterances were investigated by marking the vowel onset of each syllable, and expressing it in terms of phase with respect to the beginning of the current repetition and that of the following repetition. Preliminary results indicate that, while there was considerable variability across speakers and repetitions, there was a language‐general tendency for prominent syllables to cluster around rhythmically motivated phases, such as 1/2 or 2/3. For a subset of the data, abrupt jumps from one sta.