Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectral and spatial 2D fragmentation-aware routing and spectrum assignment algorithms in elastic optical networks [invited]

This paper investigates the spectrum fragmentation issue, which undermines the bandwidth efficiency in elastic optical networks. After categorizing the two-dimensional fragmentation problem as the fragmentation and misalignment subproblems, this paper proposes joint routing and spectrum assignment (RSA) algorithms to alleviate the spectral fragmentation in the lightpath provisioning process. The time complexity of the two proposed algorithms are analyzed in detail, and both algorithms can run in 0(kdnC log C) time, where k is the number of the shortest path in the routing algorithm, d is the maximum node degree in the network, n is the number of nodes in the network, and C is the link capacity expressed as the number of spectral slots. Simulation results indicate that the proposed fragmentation-aware (FA) RSA algorithm and the FA algorithm with congestion avoidance (CA) outperform the existing schemes in terms of blocking probability (BP) reduction. Compared with the benchmark K-shortest-path routing and first-fit assignment (KSP-FF) algorithm, the proposed FA and FA-CA algorithms can achieve a BP reduction of [100%, 4.43%] and [100%, 6.45%], respectively, according to the traffic load in a sample NSFNET topology.
TrafRoute: A different approach to routing in vehicular networks

In the near future vehicular networks based on wireless technology will be part of our lives. Efficient and robust routing algorithms will play a key role in the success of such technology. In this paper we present TrafRoute, an efficient and robust routing scheme for vehicular networks, suitable for both Vehicle-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure communications. TrafRoute introduces a novel approach to routing that involves landmark-based routes and forwarder self-election, exploiting the knowledge of the underlying road network. We demonstrate TrafRoute's efficiency and robustness through simulation studies performed with accurate mobility and propagation models.
Informed consent to microsatellite instability and immunohistochemistry screening for Lynch syndrome

Objective: Routine microsatellite instability and immunohistochemistry screening of colorectal cancers can assist in identifying a significant proportion of cancers attributable to Lynch syndrome. This article considers whether it is necessary to obtain patient informed consent for microsatellite instability and immunohistochemistry screening.Results: Although microsatellite instability screening examines genetic features of a tumor, it lacks several important characteristics that typically mandate formal informed consent to genetic testing. Microsatellite instability screening describes discrete tissue samples and does not provide information about the rest of the patient's body or germline. In contrast, immunohistochemistry screening is a proteomic test that may reveal information about the patient's germline. As such, immunohistochemistry screening can be viewed as similar to other forms of genetic testing, in which explicit patient consent is regarded as an ethical prerequisite.Conclusion: There is no ethical requirement to obtain explicit informed consent for microsatellite instability screening of colorectal tumor samples for Lynch syndrome. There is support for obtaining patient consent to immunohistochemistry testing, given its similarities with other genetic analyses for which informed consent is typically deemed necessary. Regardless of which screening test is used, it is important to prepare patients and their families for the possibility of a positive screening test.
On the road with WRAP53β: guardian of Cajal bodies and genome integrity

The WRAP53 gene encodes both an antisense transcript (WRAP53α) that stabilizes the tumor suppressor p53 and a protein (WRAP53β) involved in maintenance of Cajal bodies, telomere elongation and DNA repair. WRAP53β is one of many proteins containing WD40 domains, known to mediate a variety of cellular processes. These proteins lack enzymatic activity, acting instead as platforms for the assembly of large complexes of proteins and RNAs thus facilitating their interactions. WRAP53β mediates site-specific interactions between Cajal body factors and DNA repair proteins. Moreover, dysfunction of this protein has been linked to premature aging, cancer and neurodegeneration. Here we summarize the current state of knowledge concerning the multifaceted roles of WRAP53β in intracellular trafficking, formation of the Cajal body, DNA repair and maintenance of genomic integrity and discuss potential crosstalk between these processes.
Blocker State Dependence and Trapping in Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Channels

Hyperpolarization-activated cation currents (Ih) are key determinants of repetitive electrical activity in heart and nerve cells. The bradycardic agent ZD7288 is a selective blocker of these currents. We studied the mechanism for ZD7288 blockade of cloned Ih channels in excised inside-out patches. ZD7288 blockade of the mammalian mHCN1 channel appeared to require opening of the channel, but strong hyperpolarization disfavored blockade. The steepness of this voltage-dependent effect (an apparent valence of ∼4) makes it unlikely to arise solely from a direct effect of voltage on blocker binding. Instead, it probably indicates a differential affinity of the blocker for different channel conformations. Similar properties were seen for ZD7288 blockade of the sea urchin homologue of Ih channels (SPIH), but some of the blockade was irreversible. To explore the molecular basis for the difference in reversibility, we constructed chimeric channels from mHCN1 and SPIH and localized the structural determinant for the reversibility to three residues in the S6 region likely to line the pore. Using a triple point mutant in S6, we also revealed the trapping of ZD7288 by the closing of the channel. Overall, the observations led us to hypothesize that the residues responsible for ZD7288 block of Ih channels are located in the pore lining, and are guarded by an intracellular activation gate of the channel.
Tennis Enhances Well-being in University Students

Sports and physical activity are widely recommended, both as guidelines and in clinical practice, because of their broad range of positive effects on health, depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being. While several studies have examined the anti-depressive and anxiolytic effects of physical activity in clinical populations, and fewer studies have focused on the nonclinical populations, the relationship between tennis and well-being has not been clearly investigated. This study was carried out with 76 student volunteers from Kocaeli University (Turkey) who had chosen tennis lessons as their University. The tennis exercise program consisted of 90-minute basic tennis skills lessons for 13 weeks. At the beginning and at the end of the study, the students were given the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scales, and were evaluated by the DeWitt-Dugan Tennis Service Test, the DeWitt-Dugan Speed Test, and the Dyer Backboard Tennis Test. Upon evaluating the students’ pre- and post-test scores, we concluded that their BDI and BAI scores had significantly decreased, with the most significant decreases seen in several sub-scores of the SCL-90-R; their tennis skills, meanwhile, increased significantly. This study shows that partaking in tennis exercise once a week decreases depression and anxiety symptoms and enhances well-being in healthy young people.
Integrating Named Data Networking in Internet of Things architecture

The Internet of Things (IoT) is different than the traditional Internet due to factors including (i) massive number of resource constrained devices, (ii) huge volume of small data exchange among physical things, (iii) autonomous configuration and management aspects and (iv) support for mobility. Named Data Networking (NDN) supports them natively and provides excellent mechanism for content retrieval in IoT ecosystems addressing their sustainability issue over a long term. This paper explores the advantages of NDN over traditional Internet paradigm for IoT and examines how NDN can be integrated into an IoT architecture. We explain the utilization of NDN mechanism for disseminating high level knowledge derived from raw sensor data to interested consumers through operational phases of the architecture.
Novel low capacitance sidewall elevated drain dynamic threshold voltage MOSFET (LCSED) for ultra low power dual gate CMOS technology

We have developed a novel high speed dynamic threshold voltage MOSFET named LCSED for ultra low power operation. This was realized using sidewall elevated drain. The LCSED achieved the following excellent characteristics as compared to the bulk-DTMOS which we proposed earlier: 60% reduced occupation area; 65% reduced junction capacitance; 67% reduced forward leakage current between shallow-well and source/drain; lower transistor series resistance; smaller short channel effect; higher drive current. These effects realize ultra low power high speed operation.
Energy-Driven Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

Clustering has been one of the effective solutions to enhance energy efficiency and scalability of large-scale wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose and implement Energy-driven clustering algorithm(EDCA) for wireless sensor networks based on LEACH, which introduces the remain energy of each nodes, and we used discrete event simulation tools OMNeT++ to implement our algorithm and WSNs model. Simulation results have shown that the improved algorithm has higher energy efficiency and longer survival time.
Delivery of a viral antigen to the class I processing and presentation pathway by Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen that grows in the cytoplasm of infected host cells. We examined the capacity of L. monocytogenes to introduce influenza nucleoprotein (NP) into the class I pathway of antigen presentation both in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant L. monocytogenes secreting a fusion of listeriolysin O and NP (LLO-NP) targeted infected cells for lysis by NP-specific class I- restricted cytotoxic T cells. Antigen presentation occurred in the context of three different class I haplotypes in vitro. A hemolysin- negative L. monocytogenes strain expressing LLO-NP was able to present in a class II-restricted manner. However, it failed to target infected cells for lysis by CD8+ T cells, indicating that hemolysin-dependent bacterial escape from the vacuole is necessary for class I presentation in vitro. Immunization of mice with a recombinant L. monocytogenes strain that stably expressed and secreted LLO-NP induced NP-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. These studies have implications for the use of L. monocytogenes to deliver potentially any antigen to the class I pathway in vivo.
Passivity and Passification for a Class of Uncertain Switched Stochastic Time-Delay Systems

This paper is concerned with the problems of passivity and passification for a class of uncertain switched systems subject to stochastic disturbance and time-varying delay. The passivity property is adopted to analyze the influence of the external disturbance on such systems to achieve prescribed attenuation levels. Based on average dwell time approach, free-weighting matrix method, and Jensen's integral inequality, delay-dependent sufficient conditions are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities, which ensure the uncertain switched stochastic time-delay system to be robustly mean-square exponentially stable and stochastically passive. Then, the switched passive controllers are synthesized by linearization techniques. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Generation of Appropriate User Chord Development Based on Interactive Genetic Algorithm

The chord development is one of musical elements and plays a role to create atmosphere of a musical piece. Chord development is successive musical chord. Since there are in-numerably connections, it is hard for general users to create a music development, which suits for user’s favorite taste. A previous study has proposed a method to create a chord development by combining Genetic Algorithm and experience data storage system, however, the method did not reflect user’s favorite taste. This study proposes a method to create a chord development that suits the user’s favorite taste by using Inter-active Genetic Algorithm. In the proposed method, the user evaluates and scores created chord development in 7-point scale. Chord development optimization is performed based on the scores. Furthermore, we fundamentally evaluate the pro-posed method through a listening experiment.
Visually Representing and Manipulating Hardware Descriptions in Viskell

This paper investigates how the Viskell visual Haskell programming environment can be used for describing complex hardware in C aSH. In particular, two concepts are discussed that are important in hardware design and C aSH programming specifically, but do not normally arise when writing a functional program. Fist of all, in C aSH, functions can contain memory and therefore have state. Secondly, when designing hardware it is useful to simulate the system that is being designed, showing changes to its state over time. We have added these concepts to the Viskell environment. To show the feasibility of using the combination of Viskell and the C aSH compiler to design real-world hardware, we have developed a synthesizer chip that can play a simple tune.
Use of angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of dementia in a predominantly male population: prospective cohort analysis

Objective To investigate whether angiotensin receptor blockers protect against Alzheimer’s disease and dementia or reduce the progression of both diseases. Design Prospective cohort analysis. Setting Administrative database of the US Veteran Affairs, 2002-6. Population 819 491 predominantly male participants (98%) aged 65 or more with cardiovascular disease. Main outcome measures Time to incident Alzheimer’s disease or dementia in three cohorts (angiotensin receptor blockers, lisinopril, and other cardiovascular drugs, the “cardiovascular comparator”) over a four year period (fiscal years 2003-6) using Cox proportional hazard models with adjustments for age, diabetes, stroke, and cardiovascular disease. Disease progression was the time to admission to a nursing home or death among participants with pre-existing Alzheimer’s disease or dementia. Results Hazard rates for incident dementia in the angiotensin receptor blocker group were 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.69 to 0.84) compared with the cardiovascular comparator and 0.81 (0.73 to 0.90) compared with the lisinopril group. Compared with the cardiovascular comparator, angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with pre-existing Alzheimer’s disease were associated with a significantly lower risk of admission to a nursing home (0.51, 0.36 to 0.72) and death (0.83, 0.71 to 0.97). Angiotensin receptor blockers exhibited a dose-response as well as additive effects in combination with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. This combination compared with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors alone was associated with a reduced risk of incident dementia (0.54, 0.51 to 0.57) and admission to a nursing home (0.33, 0.22 to 0.49). Minor differences were shown in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures between the groups. Similar results were observed for Alzheimer’s disease. Conclusions Angiotensin receptor blockers are associated with a significant reduction in the incidence and progression of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia compared with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or other cardiovascular drugs in a predominantly male population.
Eco Cyc: encyclopedia of Escherichia coli genes and metabolism

The EcoCyc database describes the genome and gene products of Escherichia coli, its metabolic and signal-transduction pathways, and its tRNAs. The database describes 4391 genes of E.coli, 695 enzymes encoded by a subset of these genes, 904 metabolic reactions that occur in E.coli, and the organization of these reactions into 129 metabolic pathways. The EcoCyc graphical user interface allows scientists to query and explore the EcoCyc database using visualization tools such as genomic-map browsers and automatic layouts of metabolic pathways. EcoCyc has many references to the primary literature, and is a (qualitative) computational model of E. coli metabolism. EcoCyc is available at URL http://ecocyc. PangeaSystems.com/ecocyc/
A Heuristic Cross-Layer Mechanism for Real-Time Traffic in IEEE 802.16 Networks

In this paper we propose and study a cross-layer mechanism that can improve real-time QoS provisioning over IEEE 802.16 metropolitan area networks. This mechanism utilizes information provided by the Physical and MAC layers and using a heuristic algorithm it derives new operational parameters for the Physical and Application layers, which can improve the performance of real-time applications. The main idea is to coordinate the adaptive modulation capability of the Physical layer and the multi-rate data-encoding capability of modern real-time applications in order to avoid inefficiencies caused by their independent operation. Simulations show that the proposed mechanism can assist 802.16 systems better adapt to frequent channel and traffic changes, leading to considerably reduced packet loss rates, especially under heavy traffic conditions.
Frameworks to Inform the Development of U.S. Adolescent Health Indicators for the 21 st Century

The World Health Organization has defined adolescence as the period between the ages of 10 and 19, and has defined youth as the period between the ages of 15 and 24,26 More than half the world’s population is younger than age 25; and 29% is between the ages of 10 and 25, of whom 80% live in developing countries. 19 Profound physiological, intellectual, emotional, and social development occurs during the second decade of life. While experiencing biophysical changes, young people simultaneously must make the critical psychosocial transition from childhood to adulthood
A simple constrained based adaptive null steering algorithm

This paper presents and investigates a simple constrained based adaptive null steering algorithm. In the environment where the desired signal is stronger or not significantly weaker than the interferences, nulling in the direction of interest becomes a problem for conventional zero tracking algorithm. With the proposed algorithm in this paper, the null positions can be selectively tracked one after another without affecting other null positions so that the interference signals can be rejected while the desired signal preserves. The main advantage of the proposed algorithm is its simplicity. When compared with conventional LMS based Linear Constrained Minimum Variance (LCMV) beamforming algorithm, the proposed method converges in a faster manner; and compared with QR-RLS based Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) beamformer, the proposed algorithm has lower complexity. Furthermore, due to its cascade configuration, the steering vector error problem can be resolved by using the new method.
Subspace-based Blind Multi-user Detection for TH-UWB Systems in Multi-path Channels

A subspace-based blind adaptive linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector has been proposed for multi-user detection in a direct sequence code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system even when multi-path channels are unknown. In this paper, the applicability of the subspace-based blind adaptive algorithm in multiple access ultra-wideband (UWB) systems is investigated. The problem of blind demodulation of multi-user information symbols in a high-rate UWB network in the presence of both multiple access interference (MAI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI) is also considered. Moreover, the Rake receiver is adopted to collect multi-path gains. The performance of the subspace-based blind techniques is shown under time-variant UWB multi-path channels.
Diffusion of Digital Products in P 2 P Networks

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks are fast emerging as a viable and cost effective alternative for content delivery on the Internet. By offering rebates to users who share content with others, incentives can be provided to address the well documented problem of free riding. While the fast diffusion of products in P2P networks has generated substantial interest in P2P, rigorous theoretical studies of the diffusion process have been in absence. Our paper represents one of the first studies of the diffusion process in P2P networks and the impact of rebates on speed of diffusion. Starting with an analogy between P2P diffusion and epidemic diffusion, we develop a stochastic diffusion model for flat P2P networks. We find that product diffusion in P2P networks is likely to follow classic S-shaped processes. Next, we develop a deterministic approximation that is computationally efficient and expand our study to account for generation of multiple requests, forwarding of requests and to model hierarchical topologies in P2P networks. We study optimal rebating policies and find that it is ideal to offer an aggressive rebate early on to speed the diffusion and terminate it subsequently (two-stage rebating) rather than offer a constant rebate throughout product diffusion (fixed rebating). Irrespective of whether the policy used is fixed rebating or two-stage, the rebate amount decreases with product demand and increases if future revenues are discounted considerably. However, while the rebate amount decreases with the number of unselfish nodes with fixed rebating, it increases with the number of unselfish nodes with two-stage rebating. The analytical models presented in this paper serve as a starting point for rigorous modeling and study of content diffusion in P2P networks. * The corresponding author
Deep Learning and Continuous Representations for Natural Language Processing

Deep learning techniques have demonstrated tremendous success in the speech and language processing community in recent years, establishing new state-ofthe-art performance in speech recognition, language modeling, and have shown great potential for many other natural language processing tasks. The focus of this tutorial is to provide an extensive overview on recent deep learning approaches to problems in language or text processing, with particular emphasis on important real-world applications including language understanding, semantic representation modeling, question answering and semantic parsing, etc.
Quality of service parameters optimization in multi user Ultra Wideband systems

Ultra-Wideband (UWB) networks are expected to support a wide range of communication-intensive, real-time multimedia applications. One of the key issues in UWB networks is optimization of Quality of Service (QoS) parameters. To meet the QoS demands of each UWB user and maximize the overall network throughput, several technical aspects shall be concerned, e.g. physical layer transmission format, multi user access format and routing solution. In this paper, a centralized Ultra-Wideband Impulses Radio (IR-UWB) multi user system which contains one Network Coordinator (NC) is considered. A Successive Maximum Likelihood (SML) receiver is designed and presented. It shows that the novel ML receiver outperforms the rake receiver under the multipath environment. Meanwhile, an Optimal Power Allocation (OPA) under the multi user environment is investigated and compared to Maximum Power Allocation (MPA) mechanisms. Our results show that such OPA can increase the overall network throughput in comparison with MPA.