Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Upcycling of Wood Dust from Particleboard Recycling as a Filler in Lignocellulosic Layered Composite Technology

The following research aims to investigate selected properties of three-layer plywood, manufactured using dust from the milling of three-layer particleboard as a filler in the bonding mass. Four types of fillers were considered in the study: commercial rye flour, wood dust naturally occurring in the composition of particles used industrially for particleboard production, wood dust from the first batch of shredded particleboard, and dust from the second round of milled particleboard. The highest modulus of elasticity (MOE) values were observed for the reference samples. Notably, in the samples containing filler sourced from the secondary milling of particleboard, the MOE exhibited an upward trend in conjunction with increasing filler content. The modulus of rupture (MOR) decreased with an elevated degree of filler milling from 73.1 N mm−2 for the native filler, through to 68.9 N mm−2 for the filler after 1st milling, and to 54.5 N mm−2 for the filler after 2nd milling (with 10 parts per weight (pbw) of filler used as an reference), though it increased slightly as the filler content increased. The most favorable outcomes in shear strength were achieved in samples containing filler material from the initial milling of particleboard. The thickness swelling peaked in variants utilizing filler material from both the initial and secondary milling of particleboards (20.1% and 16.6% after 24 h of soaking for samples with 10 pbw filler after the 1st and 2nd milling, respectively, compared to 13.0% for the reference samples). Water absorption testing exhibited a more pronounced response in the newly introduced variants, although the samples containing filler from the initial and secondary milling processes eventually yielded results akin to the reference sample, with naturally occurring dust displaying higher water absorption values. The highest density values (about 1224 kg m−3) were observed in the reference samples. A similar density profile was recorded for samples with five parts of wood flour as filler, although the density of the bonding line was slightly lower in these instances (1130 kg m−3). This research confirms the feasibility of applying the aforementioned dust as an alternative to conventional fillers in plywood technology. It also raises the question of how to effectively remove glue residues from wood-based composite dust, which would enhance their absorption properties.
High-speed all-in-focus 3D imaging technology based on the liquid lens focus scanning

A large open aperture in an optical system can capture high-resolution images but yields a shallow depth of field. To overcome this issue, we propose a method for improving microscopy imaging systems by using a variable-focus liquid lens to achieve 3D focus scanning. Specifically, the focal length of the imaging system was changed by the liquid lens, and a sequence of 12 images was captured in different focal planes. The image scale was adjusted according to the change in focal length, and the phase of the image was corrected by the phase only correction method. Then the in-focus pixels were abstracted by employing the Laplacian operator. Finally, an all-in-focus sharp image was generated, and a depth map was obtained. Additionally, to accelerate the processing speed, the Fast Fourier Transform image processing during phase correction was optimized. Meanwhile, we propose a parallel optimization solution for the original processing flow.
Tailored dispersive wave generation in quasi-phase-matched liquid core fibers

Wavelength-tunable femtosecond light sources are essential in various research fields and technologies, including medical diagnostics, biophotonics, and metrology. Although fiber lasers have emerged as leaders in the development of such sources, achieving wide spectral tunability for femtosecond pulses remains a significant challenge. To address this challenge, dispersive wave generation offers a powerful solution. In this study, we exploit the concept of quasi-phase matching to enable multi-order dispersive wave formation with unprecedented spectral tunability and femtosecond durations. Here, liquid-core fibers (LCFs) with periodically controlled dispersion of a higher-order mode along the fiber are applied, achieved by axial modulation of the liquid core diameter, relying on the strong dependence of dispersion on the core diameter. Nonlinear optical experiments and simulations, as well as phase-mismatching considerations based on an effective dispersion, confirm the conversion process and reveal unique emission features This resonance-empowered approach provides a versatile photonic platform with unique dispersion control capabilities for efficient, coherent femtosecond multi-frequency conversion.
Watershed Environmental Hydrology Model: Environmental Module and Its Application to a California Watershed

A newly developed watershed environmental hydrology (WEHY) model is presented as a state-of-the-art nonpoint source (NPS) model. The model consists of hydrologic and environmental modules, and describes environmentally relevant hydrologic processes based upon physically based governing equations to model the fate of pollutants such as sediment and phosphorus in the watershed. Unlike other physically based NPS models, the WEHY model is unique in its upscaling approach to the governing equations of hydrologic and environmental processes, which results in the governing equations that are compatible with the computational grid resolution while accounting for subgrid heterogeneities through upscaled model parameters. Upscaling was performed by means of a technique called ensemble averaging. The model was tested at the Ward Creek Watershed in Lake Tahoe Basin for its performance in a subalpine watershed setting. Comparisons of predicted and observed values were in good agreement and showed good promise of the a.
Coral aggregate pre-wet on the mechanical properties of concrete

With the accelerated development of the South China Sea,coral debris such a natural porous material become an important source of coarse aggregate in the South China Sea Islands that is the special circumstances.This study of different pre-wet conditions of the coral debris absorbing and back to the water characteristics of the mechanical properties of concrete,for the coral debris in the concrete used to provide scientific basis.
Research on the formation mechanism of regenerated fiber Bragg grating based on non-uniform crystallization in fiber Bragg grating

The evolution process of characteristic parameters of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) during the regeneration process was investigated, and a formation mechanism of regenerated FBG based on non-uniform crystallization in FBG was proposed. The experimental system was built for experimental verification, and the experimental results are consistent with the formation mechanism proposed. The regenerative phenomenon of fibers under different processes, structures, and stress conditions can be well explained with the proposed formation mechanism of regenerated FBG.
Abundance and distribution of Royle’s Pika (Ochotona roylei) along different altitudinal ranges of Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttarakhand Himalayas, India

Abundance and distribution of Royle’s Pika (Ochotona roylei) was studied in a part of Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttarakhand Himalaya along altitudinal ranges from 2700 to 3600 m a.s. l. during premonsoon season of 2012. Different plots (20 x 20 m) were marked with in each available habitat type and pikas were searched once in a week. The highest density of Pika was found in Tree-line region, along 3001-3300 m a.s. l. whereas the lowest density was found in alpine region, along 3301-3600 m a.s. l. Pika distribution was found to be highest in mixed habitat, north east aspect and under very high rock cover where as open habitat, east facing slope and low rock cover show lowest distribution. Key-words: Density, Hay Pile, Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Royle’s Pika, Uttarakhand
The Impact of Glyphosate Isopropylamine Salt and Glufosinate-ammonium on Some Soil Pathogens Causing Disease in Wheat

Glyphosate isopropylamine salt and glufosinate-ammonium are commonly used herbicides for presowing or host-harvest weed control in Turkish wheat fields. Although many studies have been conducted on their efficacy against weeds, limited studies are available in the literature on their impact on soil pathogens causing disease in wheat, such as Fusarium culmorum, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, and Bipolaris sorokiniana. In this in vitro study, the efficacy of glyphosate isopropylamine salt and glufosinate-ammonium on the mycelial growth of these pathogens grown in PDA was investigated. Changes in the mycelial growth of fungal species grown in herbicide-amended PDA medium and control medium were observed by measuring the radial growth of the colonies three times per week. Glufosinate ammonium effectively suppressed the fungal growth of all of the pathogens tested in vitro. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt induced mycelial growth of B. sorokiniana; however, there was little or no impact of the herbicide on other pathogens tested. Wheat growers should be careful using glyphosate isopropylamine salt in fields that are infected by B. sorokiniana, or they should use glufosinate-ammonium in fields where these pathogens are common.
How Fact-Checkers Define and Apply “Objective Journalism”. Cases of Study of Italy and Spain

The process of fact-checking has emerged as a specialised practice within the news media industry. This research aims to examine how fact-checkers contribute to the construction of “objectivity” through their verification practices, with a specific focus on the methods and sources that they employ. In addition, it analyses how fact-checkers distinguish themselves from traditional practices of legacy media in how they define themselves. To achieve this, we looked into two cases of study involving two fact-checkers from Italy and two from Spain. We conducted a qualitative analysis of the self-presentation of each media outlet and a content analysis of the news they published over the course of a year. The findings reveal differences between the Spanish and Italian fact-checkers in terms of the topics covered and the sources used for debunking. Despite their perceived image as champions of “journalistic purity” and advocates of “truth”, we criticise this aspect, particularly with regard to their selection of information sources. We question how the fact-checkers’ image and identity directly impact journalism and the broader information ecosystem.
An alternative model for the formation of hydrous Mg/Ni layer silicates ('deweylite'/'garnierite') in faulted peridotites of New Caledonia: I. Texture and mineralogy of a paragenetic succession of silicate infillings

Detailed textural and mineralogical investigations carried out in mineralized veins of the New Caledonian peridotites reveal three major periods of infilling and alteration closely linked to post-obduction tectonic activity. The first two periods of infillings are related to the alteration of hydrothermal serpentines, mostly found in the thick serpentine network of the peridotites, into fine-grained serpentine-like residues and newly formed talc-like minerals of weak but variable swelling capacity. The alteration of serpentine into talc-like minerals is limited during the first period of infilling and almost completed during the second one. In some fault zones of the New Caledonian peridotites, talc-like minerals are replaced by sepiolite. Such alterations are reported in both the Ni-free and Ni-rich zones of the infillings (i.e. in the white `deweylite' and greenish `garnierite' of the fault zones, respectively). They led to the individualization of the hydrous Mg/Ni silicate ore, which is nowadays found in fractures of the saprock and saprolite units of thick lateritic profiles. The third and last period of infilling is assigned to the accumulation of silica and crystallization of quartz. This succession of clay minerals (serpentine-like and talc-like minerals, sepiolite) and quartz in the infillings is interpreted as the result of sequential exportation of Mg and redistribution of Ni along the reactivated faults, generating periods of increasing Si activity in solutions. In this paragenetic model, the meteoric water infiltrating repeatedly the permeable network created by post-obduction tectonic activity would have interacted with a low-temperature hydrothermal field following the exhumation and cooling of the ophiolite nappe. In the less permeable parts of the fault network, restricted leaching conditions would have generated greater alkalinity in solutions and therefore favored the crystallization of sepiolite instead of finely divided talc-like minerals.
Improving Pharmaceutical Compounding Skills Using Gagne’s Instructional Design Model

Compounding is a fundamental skill that pharmacists perform professionally. However, inappropriate learning and superficial training can lead to medication errors. Thus, this study proposed a lesson plan based on Gagne’s instructional design to teach basic compounding skills, such as weighing, measuring, and trituration. The study utilized Gagne’s model to compose extemporaneous preparations for dermal use. A standardized questionnaire was devised to analyze learners’ opinions and feedback regarding the lesson. Fifty students (third-year Doctor of Pharmacy) with 1.3  0.2 years of compounding experience participated in the lesson. The analysis revealed that 83.5% of the respondents correctly identified the role of ingredients and 85.6% identified the correct tools and instruments. The overall view was 4.9  0.2 on lesson concept and realization; 4.8  0.1 for motivation, participation, and climate; and 2.7  0.3 for workload and difficulty. Gagne’s instructional design model effectively guided the development of an active and comprehensive lesson plan to teach compounding skills to pharmacy students.
Detection of Salmonella Spp. in Meat and Meat Products by Culture, Biochemical and Molecular Characterization in Duhok City

EAT and meat products are high in protein, essential amino acids, vitamins, lipids, minerals, and other nutrients, although they are nutrient-dense foods for humans. Total of 150 samples of local and imported meat and meat products were collected from different location of Duhok province from November 2021 to August 2022, as follow ,25 samples=(16.66%) from each type of meat included beef meat, burger meat, chicken meat , minced meat , sausage meat and sheep meat. The study molecular methods for detection of the target pathogen. Traditional and biochemical. The percentage of Salmonella spp isolated. as 29.3% (44/150) positive samples by using the Traditional culture methods, 23.33% (35/150) positive samples by biochemical method, and 55% (33/60) positive samples by PCR method for molecular confirmation and serological method for serotyping. Accuracy techniques from( Salmonella, culture items (counts) and Accuracy % from Salmonella True value (100%) and Accuracy 94.47%, sensitivity100%, specificity (92.8%). Salmonella
Functional Sustainability of a Flight Dynamics Control System for Stable Hovering Flight of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), such as in Agricultural Applications: Mathematical Modeling and Simulation

: The simulation of a control system for the longitudinal axis of the rotary or fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is demonstrated in this study. The control unit includes design considerations of two controllers to provide robust stability, tracking of the proposed linear dynamics, an adequate set of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller gains, and a minimal cost function. The PID control and linear quadratic regulator (LQR) with or without full-state-observer were evaluated. An optimal control system is assumed to provide fast rise and settling time, minimize overshoot, and eliminate the steady-state error. The effectiveness of this approach was verified by a linear model of the UAV aircraft in the semi-dynamic simulation platform of Matlab/Simulink, in which the open-loop system was assessed in terms of flight robustness and reference tracking. The experimental results show that the proposed controllers effectively improve the configuration of the control system of the plant, maintain the sustainability of the dynamic flight model stability, and diminish the flight controller errors. The LQR provides robust stability, but it is not optimal in the transient phase of particular plant output. The PID control system can adjust the controller’s gains for optimal hovering (or stable slow flight) and is especially useful for the tracking system. Finally, comparing aircraft stability using PID and LQR controllers shows that the latter has less overshoot and a shorter settling time; in addition, all proposed controllers can be practically deployed as one UAV’s system, which can be handled as an exemplary model of the UAV flight management system.
THE LATITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION OF SPHINGID SPECIES RICHNESS IN CONTINENTAL SOUTHEAST ASIA: WHAT CAUSES THE BIODIVERSITY 'HOT SPOT' IN NORTHERN THAILAND?

The species richness of most organisms follows a latitudinal gradient with higher richness towards the equator. However, recently available data on sphingid moths from continental Southeast Asia indicate an almost inverse pattern, with a peak of species richness in Thailand's Chiang Mai province (and surrounding areas) and a decline towards the north as well as to the south. We analyze original distribution records and quantitative local samples to explore ecological effects and the impact of sampling biases on this pattern. Our analyses indicate that the pattern is unlikely to be an artefact of the large differences in sampling effort in different regions. In a comparison of the four best-sampled regions on a north-south gradient, we did not find significant differences in endemism. The species richness of northern Vietnam might benefit from an overlap of subtropical and tropical faunas, but data do not suggest such an effect in more southerly regions. A 'peninsula effect', possibly mediated by area sizes, appears a likely explanation of the observed pattern. The altitudinal relief of regions might also contribute to species richness patterns, as local diversity apparently increases with altitude, and montane regions have more endemics. We conclude that, despite strong congruencies in (estimated) species richness and sampling effort, ecological effects have the potential to create the unusual latitudinal pattern. We discuss methodological consequences of this finding.
Identification of autophagy-related genes in osteoarthritis articular cartilage and their roles in immune infiltration

Background Autophagy plays a critical role in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA), mainly by regulating inflammatory and immune responses. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential relevance of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) associated with infiltrating immune cells in OA. Methods GSE114007, GSE169077, and ARGs were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the Human Autophagy database. R software was used to identify the differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DEARGs) in OA. Functional enrichment and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analyses were performed to explore the role of DEARGs in OA cartilage, and then Cytoscape was utilized to screen hub ARGs. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to conduct immune infiltration analysis and evaluate the potential correlation of key ARGs and immune cell infiltration. Then, the expression levels of hub ARGs in OA were further verified by the GSE169077 and qRT-PCR. Finally, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to validate the final hub ARGs. Results A total of 24 downregulated genes and five upregulated genes were identified, and these genes were enriched in autophagy, mitophagy, and inflammation-related pathways. The intersection results identified nine hub genes, namely, CDKN1A, DDIT3, FOS, VEGFA, RELA, MAP1LC3B, MYC, HSPA5, and HSPA8. GSE169077 and qRT-PCR validation results showed that only four genes, CDKN1A, DDT3, MAP1LC3B, and MYC, were consistent with the bioinformatics analysis results. Western blotting and immunohistochemical (IHC) showed that the expression of these four genes was significantly downregulated in the OA group, which is consistent with the qPCR results. Immune infiltration correlation analysis indicated that DDIT3 was negatively correlated with immature dendritic cells in OA, and FOS was positively correlated with eosinophils. Conclusion CDKN1A, DDIT3, MAP1LC3B, and MYC were identified as ARGs that were closely associated with immune infiltration in OA cartilage. Among them, DDIT3 showed a strong negative correlation with immature dendritic cells. This study found that the interaction between ARGs and immune cell infiltration may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of OA; however, the specific interaction mechanism needs further research to be clarified. This study provides new insights to further understand the molecular mechanisms of immunity involved in the process of OA by autophagy.
Association Of Electroencephalogram Patterns With Ammonia Levels In Hepatic Encephalopathy Patients

Objective: To find out the association between electroencephalogram (EEG) and hepatic encephalopathy. Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 100 patients (with the age of52.5±6.09years for males and 51.7 ± 6.10 years for females) of reported hepatic encephalopathy, visiting the medical department (indoor and OPD) at Federal Government Polyclinic Hospital, Islamabad. The study was conducted from January 2020 to May 2021. Patients who had known epileptic and structural brain lesions or strokes were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was done using GraphPad Prism software. The significance of data (p-value or R2 value) was calculated through a two-tailed test or correlation coefficient. Results: All the patients in hepatic encephalopathy grade IV reported abnormal EEG representing triphasic waves and flattening of EEG pattern. There was no correlation observed between age, gender and hepatic encephalopathy grades. However, a significant correlation (R2= 0.9032) was observed between serum ammonia levels and hepatic encephalopathy grades. Elevated serum ammonia levels depicted the severity of hepatic encephalopathy. Overall, the percentage of patients with abnormal EEG increased with increasing grade of hepatic encephalopathy. It was quite intriguing to note that EEG, being the common method to diagnose hepatic encephalopathy grades, is not dependent on patients’ socio-economic status. Conclusion: Data concluded that serum ammonia levels are well associated with the progression of hepatic encephalopathy. Moreover, the EEG patter provides the appropriate information about the neurological abnormalities associated with the severity of hepatic encephalopathy. Hence, serum ammonia levels and EEG both should accurately be used as indicators for diagnosis and monitoring the response to the treatment of various grades of hepatic encephalopathy. Data warrant further investigations to get a better insight into hepatic encephalopathy's relationship with EEG patterns through the inclusion of molecular parameters.