Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Image Fusion t echnique using Multi-r esolution s ingular Value d ecomposition

1. Int roduct I on Multi-sensor image fusion (MIF) is a technique to merge the information content from several images (or acquired from different imaging sensors) taken from the same scene in order to accomplish a combined image that contains the finest information coming from the different original source images 1 . Hence, the fused image would provide superior quality image than any of the original source images. Recently, MIF has become as a new and promising research area for image processing community. The benefiting fields from MIF are viz. surveillance, military, remote sensing, machine vision, computer vision, robotic and medical imaging etc. Depending on the merging stage, MIF could be performed at three different levels viz. pixel level, feature level and decision level 2,3 . In this paper, a novel pixel-level MIF is presented that represents a fusion process generating a single combined image containing an additional description than individual source image. The basic MIF is to take the mean of the grey level registered images pixel by pixel. This technique produces several undesired effects and reduced feature contrast. To overcome these problems, multi-resolution techniques such as wavelets 1,4-12 , multi-scale transforms like image pyramids 3,13-16 , signal processing techniques like spatial frequency 17 , statistical signal processing 18,19 and fuzzy set theory 20 have been proposed and studied extensively. Discrete wavelet transform would provide directional information in decomposition levels and contain unique information at different resolutions and hence it is used for image fusion by many scholars 4,5 . In this paper, a novel MIF technique based on multi-resolution singular value decomposition (MSVD) is presented to fuse the source images. The results obtained with MSVD are compared with wavelet based image fusion. The wavelet used in this is Daubechies 2 (db2).
Epidemiology of Influenza-like Illness and Respiratory Viral Etiology in Adult Patients in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China between 2018 and 2019

To determine the epidemiological status of influenza and understand the distribution of common respiratory viruses in adult patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China, epidemiological data between 2018 and 2019 were retrieved from the China Influenza Surveillance Information System, and two sentinel ILI surveillance hospitals were selected for sample collection. All specimens were screened for influenza virus (IFV) and the other 14 common respiratory viruses using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results of the 2-year ILI surveillance showed that 26,205 (1.37%) of the 1,907,869 outpatients and emergency patients presented with ILI, with an average annual incidence of 297.75 per 100,000 individuals, and ILI cases were predominant in children <15 years (21,348 patients, 81.47%). Of the 2713 specimens collected from adult patients with ILI, the overall detection rate of respiratory viruses was 20.13%, with IFV being the most frequently detected (11.79%) and at a relatively lower rate than other respiratory viruses. Further subtype analysis indicated an alternating or mixed prevalence of H1N1 (2009), H3N2, Victoria, and Yamagata subtypes. This study provides a baseline epidemiological characterization of ILI and highlights the need for a nationwide detection and surveillance system for multiple respiratory pathogens.
1 DRONE NET , A PASSIVE INSTRUMENT NETWORK DRIVEN BY MACHINE VISION AND MACHINE LEARNING TO AUTOMATE UAS TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

Herein we present an overview of an experimental design to validate and verify key aspects of the Drone Net system architecture, a design to provide detection, tracking, and classification/identification of aerial systems, both piloted and unmanned. We have a cost competitive solution based on EO/IR (electro-optical and infrared) passive sensing combined with acoustics and networking of these elements such that we can use machine vision and machine learning to be able to catalog all aerial objects within a volume. The experiment we have constructed and tested with preliminary UAS traffic management scenarios (urban and rural) will allow us to assess the feasibility of using passive sensing compared to higher cost RADAR and to determine if we can match, or perhaps even outperform RADAR in terms of classification and identification. Finally, we present concepts for an order of magnitude lower cost system design which can be integrated with UAS traffic management and interfaced with ATC (Air Traffic Control) compared to active sensing. To test integration with ATC, we are working with our aviation program at Embry Riddle. Preliminary results presented here indicate promise for our EO/IR + acoustic-based UTM.
CKD in disadvantaged populations.

O dia 12 de marco de 2015 marcara o 10o aniversario do Dia Mundial do Rim (DMR), uma iniciativa da Sociedade Internacional de Nefrologia e da Federacao Internacional de Fundacoes do Rim. Desde sua criacao em 2006, o DMR tornou-se a iniciativa mais bem-sucedida de sensibilizacao de decisores e publico em geral sobre a importância da doenca renal. A cada ano, o DMR nos lembra que a doenca renal e uma patologia comum, danosa e tratavel. O foco do DMR [. ]
COMPACTNESS OR SPRAWL: AMERICA'S FUTURE vs. THE PRESENT

This is the first time in U.S. history that an urban planning problem has featured, if peripherally, as a Presidential campaign issue. Never before have academic urban planners been in so much demand for T.V. news programs, radio talk shows, and newspaper op-ed pieces. Why? Because of a raging debate about U.S. residential lifestyles. The long-held American dream of a suburban detached home with a garden and a two-car garage (now often four! ) has become a cardinal sin, if not a crime: indulging in and contributing to "sprawl". This addiction has a touted antidote: densification and public transit. Its defect is a widespread distaste for the medicine. Revealed preferences strongly favor the single-family home (andsurveys among apartment dwellers show that this is their dream too) and driving. The New Urbanists who live on multi-acre lots and the transit agency bosses who choose among a Mercedes, a Lexus or a limousine rather than between bus and rail are more than anecdotal. But perhaps the world is changing. In 1998, threequarters of the 250-plus local ballot initiatives in favor of growth management and development controls passed. Many developers have been "converted" to promote Smart Growth projects, such as infill townhome developments close to transit lines that pass a "sustainability" test. Billions of Federal and State dollars continue to be poured into transit (especially rail) with the perverse result that transit ridership continues to fall (primarily as a result of the diversion of resources from bus to rail). Suburban living is blamed for high school shootings, obesity anddysfunctional families. But, even if these diagnoses were correct and even if there has been a change of heart, would it make a difference?
Incipient shortening of a passive margin: the mechanical roles of continental and oceanic lithospheres

SUMMARY By definition, passive margins deform little or no further after continental break-up. Nevertheless, post-break-up deformation and associated uplift have been documented along many margins (for example Norway, Greenland, West Africa, South America, India and Australia). We have conducted a series of analogue experiments in which we subjected scaled multilayered models of the lithosphere (made of sand and viscous layers) to horizontal shortening. A multilayered lithosphere rested on an asthenosphere of low viscosity that allowed isostatic adjustments. Models with various strength profiles represented oceanic lithospheres of different ages. The continental lithosphere reacted to an applied boundary velocity according to the strength and density of oceanic lithosphere. Where oceanic lithosphere was stronger and heavier than continental lithosphere it subducted; where oceanic crust was stronger and lighter than continental crust it obducted. On this basis we suggest that the style of incipient shortening of a passive margin depends on the age of oceanic lithosphere. Where the ocean is young we expect obduction; where it is old we expect incipient subduction. In nature, ophiolites and shortened passive margins appear to conform to this simple rule.
Vegetation data, Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, Arizona, United States

The U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Southwest Watershed Research Center Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) is an outdoor laboratory located in southeastern Arizona to study water and soil conservation in semiarid lands. Permanent vegetation transects were established adjacent to 55 rain gauges within WGEW in 1967 to quantify vegetation. Some sites were subsequently added or dropped. Detailed vegetation data were collected in 1967, 1994–2000, and 2005, including repeat photography of transects. Ground cover data were collected after 1967. A vegetation map was developed in 2002. The transect sites, vegetation map, data collection methods, and current data availability are described. Data are available at http://www.tucson. ars.ag. gov/dap/.
Newly Synthesized CoFe2−xDyxO4 (x = 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.4) Nanoparticles Reveal Promising Anticancer Activity against Melanoma (A375) and Breast Cancer (MCF-7) Cells

The current study focuses on the synthesis via combustion of dysprosium-doped cobalt ferrites that were subsequently physicochemically analyzed in terms of morphological and magnetic properties. Three types of doped nanoparticles were prepared containing different Dy substitutions and coated with HPGCD for higher dispersion properties and biocompatibility, and were later submitted to biological tests in order to reveal their potential anticancer utility. Experimental data obtained through FTIR, XRD, SEM and TEM confirmed the inclusion of Dy3+ ions in the nanoparticles’ structure. The size of the newly formed nanoparticles ranged between 20 and 50 nm revealing an inverse proportional relationship with the Dy content. Magnetic studies conducted by VSM indicated a decrease in remanent and saturation mass magnetization, respectively, in Dy-doped nanoparticles in a direct proportionality with the Dy content; the decrease was further amplified by cyclodextrin complexation. Biological assessment in the presence/absence of red light revealed a significant cytotoxic activity in melanoma (A375) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells, while healthy keratinocytes (HaCaT) remained generally unaffected, thus revealing adequate selectivity. The investigation of the underlying cytotoxic molecular mechanism revealed an apoptotic process as indicated by nuclear fragmentation and shrinkage, as well as by Western blot analysis of caspase 9, p53 and cyclin D1 proteins. The anticancer activity for all doped Co ferrites varied was in a direct correlation to their Dy content but without being affected by the red light irradiation.
Spectroscopic Links among Giant Planet Irregular Satellites and Trojans

We collect near-infrared spectra (∼0.75–2.55 μm) of four Jovian irregular satellites and visible spectra (∼0.32–1.00 μm) of two Jovian irregular satellites, two Uranian irregular satellites, and four Neptune Trojans. We find close similarities between the observed Jovian irregular satellites and previously characterized Jovian Trojans. However, irregular satellites’ unique collisional histories complicate comparisons to other groups. Laboratory study of CM and CI chondrites shows that grain size and regolith packing conditions strongly affect spectra of dark, carbonaceous materials. We hypothesize that different activity histories of these objects, which may have originally contained volatile ices that subsequently sublimated, could cause differences in regolith grain size or packing properties and therefore drive spectral variation. The Uranian satellites Sycorax and Caliban appear similar to TNOs. However, we detect a feature near 0.7 μm on Sycorax, suggesting the presence of hydrated materials. While the sample of Neptune Trojans have more neutral spectra than the Uranian satellites we observe, they remain consistent with the broad color distribution of the Kuiper Belt. We detect a possible feature near 0.65–0.70 μm on Neptune Trojan 2006 RJ103, suggesting that hydrated material may also be present in this population. Characterizing hydrated materials in the outer solar system may provide critical context regarding the origins of hydrated CI and CM chondrite meteorites. We discuss how the hydration state(s) of the irregular satellites constrains the thermal histories of the interiors of their parent bodies, which may have formed among the primordial Kuiper Belt.
Recycling of wood- and peat-ash – a successful way to establish full plant cover and dense birch stand on a cut-away peatland

Mechanical harvesting of peat changes the original mire ecosystem completely, and without active measures these areas may remain non-vegetated even for decades. Afforestation is one of the most popular after-use options for cut-away peatlands in Finland since it has both economic and aesthetic values. Recycling of wood-ash as a fertilizer has been studied extensively in peatlands drained for forestry. Wood-ash is reported to promote tree growth in these areas without any significant negative impact to the environment and could, therefore, be a suitable option also on cut-away peatlands. However, the environmental effects of ash-fertilization on cut-away areas and on ground vegetation are not fully understood. The impact of woodand peat-ash application on the early establishment of ground vegetation and downy birch (Betula pubescens) seedlings and on post-fertilization element concentrations in plants and peat substrate were studied in a cut-away peatland. Six treatments of wood-ash, peatash, biotite or Forest PK-fertilizer were replicated in three blocks in different mixtures and quantities corresponding to 50 kg ha-1 of phosphorus. All the fertilizers accelerated the revegetation of the bare peat surface significantly, whereas the establishment of plants in the unfertilized area was non-existent even several years after the peat harvesting had ceased. The most striking difference between the woodand peat-ashfertilizers and the commercial Forest PK-fertilizer was the extensive coverage of fire-loving moss species in all the areas where ash was spread. Woodand peat-ash application also accelerated the germination and early establishment of downy birch seedlings more efficiently than the PKfertilizer. Ground vegetation proved to be highly important in increasing the early biomass production and carbon sequestration on ash-fertilized cut-away peatland. In addition, the belowground biomass was equal to the above-ground biomass, or even greater. Both woodand peat-ash fertilization ensured an adequate level of nutrients for the early establishment of ground vegetation and birch seedlings in a cut-away peatland. The mosses and herbaceous plants proved to have a major role in retaining the nutrients and heavy metals that otherwise might have leached away from the ash-fertilized cut-away site during the early stages of the afforestation. Although both woodand peat-ash proved to be suitable for the initial fertilization of afforested cut-away peatlands, a later application of nutrients may be needed to guarantee the growth in a energy-wood stand of downy birch over its entire rotation.
Near‐surface soil moisture retrieval from ASAR Wide Swath imagery using a Principal Component Analysis

The new ENVISAT Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) Wide Swath Mode (WSM) data provide good potential for routinely monitoring near surface soil moisture due to the increased temporal revisit capability compared with ERS2 SAR. In this paper, we propose a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to retrieve near‐surface soil moisture from ASAR WSM data. The results demonstrate that PCA transformation can at least partially separate or group the effect factors, such as surface roughness, land cover, vegetation, and topography within the limitations of our datasets. The second principal component which was consistent with soil moisture and rainfall‐runoff dynamics was representative of the soil moisture Saturation Potential Index over a large area. Validation against field measurements and against the UK Met Office Surface Exchange Scheme shows the retrieval performs with reasonable accuracy.
Hybrid clutter-map/L-CFAR procedure for clutter rejection in nonhomogeneous environment

The author introduces a new CFAR procedure, which relies on a hybrid clutter-map/L-CFAR strategy, aimed at improving the system robustness against possible nonhomogeneities, while preserving target detectability in a homogeneous environment. After presenting the procedure, guidelines for the design of the relevant system subblocks are given, from both quantitative and qualitative points of view. As to the performance analysis, closed-form formulas are given for the detection and false alarm probabilities in case of a single point-like target, showing that proper system design yields near-optimum performance. Moreover, approximated expressions of the detection probability are derived for the case of multiple targets entering the map cell, and possibly persisting in there for several scans: it is shown that data censoring prevents the masking effect which is typical of clutter-map systems, at the price of a very limited incremental CFAR loss.
Theoretical Considerations in the Estimation of the Signal-to-Noise Crossover Dose by Shintaro Hagiwara

A goal of health risk assessment is the determination of the reference dose: an estimate of the exposure level for the human population, which is free from appreciable risk of deleterious effects. The estimation of the point of departure: a dose level at which the incease in risk is thought to be acceptable/tolerable, plays an important role in the derivation of the reference dose. The method of benchmark dose has been widely employed in the determination of the point of departure. However, due to some practical constraints, the method sometimes faces difficulty in determining an appropriate increase in risk that meets the definition of the reference dose. As an alternative, the method of the signal-to-noise crossover dose (SNCD) was introduced in 2011. One of the main objectives here is to develop an optimal design for the SNCR: an additional risk associated with the SNCD. The feasibility of the optimal design is also investigated under different dose-response relationships.
Poleward displacement of coastal upwelling‐favorable winds in the ocean's eastern boundary currents through the 21st century

Upwelling is critical to the biological production, acidification, and deoxygenation of the ocean's major eastern boundary current ecosystems. A leading conceptual hypothesis projects that the winds that induce coastal upwelling will intensify in response to increased land‐sea temperature differences associated with anthropogenic global warming. We examine this hypothesis using an ensemble of coupled, ocean‐atmosphere models and find limited evidence for intensification of upwelling‐favorable winds or atmospheric pressure gradients in response to increasing land‐sea temperature differences. However, our analyses reveal consistent latitudinal and seasonal dependencies of projected changes in wind intensity associated with poleward migration of major atmospheric high‐pressure cells. Summertime winds near poleward boundaries of climatological upwelling zones are projected to intensify, while winds near equatorward boundaries are projected to weaken. Developing a better understanding of future changes in upwelling winds is essential to identifying portions of the oceans susceptible to increased hypoxia, ocean acidification, and eutrophication under climate change.
Corpus Source and Size in Bilingual Retrieval

This paper explores corpus-based bilingual retrieval where the translation corpora used vary by source and size. We find that the quality of translation alignments and the domain of the bitext are important. In some settings these factors are more critical than corpus size. We also show that judicious choice of tokenization can reduce the amount of bitext required to obtain good bilingual retrieval performance.
Beliaev damping in Bose gas

According to the Bogoliubov theory the low energy behaviour of the Bose gas at zero temperature can be described by non-interacting bosonic quasiparticles called phonons. In this work the damping rate of phonons at low momenta, the so-called Beliaev damping, is explained and computed with simple arguments involving the Fermi Golden Rule and Bogoliubov's quasiparticles.
Stochastic Configuration Machines: FPGA Implementation

Neural networks for industrial applications generally have additional constraints such as response speed, memory size and power usage. Randomized learners can address some of these issues. However, hardware solutions can provide better resource reduction whilst maintaining the model's performance. Stochastic configuration networks (SCNs) are a prime choice in industrial applications due to their merits and feasibility for data modelling. Stochastic Configuration Machines (SCMs) extend this to focus on reducing the memory constraints by limiting the randomized weights to a binary value with a scalar for each node and using a mechanism model to improve the learning performance and result interpretability. This paper aims to implement SCM models on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and introduce binary-coded inputs to the algorithm. Results are reported for two benchmark and two industrial datasets, including SCM with single-layer and deep architectures.
Efficient Robust Bayesian Optimization for Arbitrary Uncertain inputs

Bayesian Optimization (BO) is a sample-efficient optimization algorithm widely employed across various applications. In some challenging BO tasks, input uncertainty arises due to the inevitable randomness in the optimization process, such as machining errors, execution noise, or contextual variability. This uncertainty deviates the input from the intended value before evaluation, resulting in significant performance fluctuations in the final result. In this paper, we introduce a novel robust Bayesian Optimization algorithm, AIRBO, which can effectively identify a robust optimum that performs consistently well under arbitrary input uncertainty. Our method directly models the uncertain inputs of arbitrary distributions by empowering the Gaussian Process with the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) and further accelerates the posterior inference via Nystrom approximation. Rigorous theoretical regret bound is established under MMD estimation error and extensive experiments on synthetic functions and real problems demonstrate that our approach can handle various input uncertainties and achieve state-of-the-art performance.