Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photodissociation of aligned CH3I and C6H3F2I molecules probed with time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging by site-selective extreme ultraviolet ionization

We explore time-resolved Coulomb explosion induced by intense, extreme ultraviolet (XUV) femtosecond pulses from a free-electron laser as a method to image photo-induced molecular dynamics in two molecules, iodomethane and 2,6-difluoroiodobenzene. At an excitation wavelength of 267 nm, the dominant reaction pathway in both molecules is neutral dissociation via cleavage of the carbon–iodine bond. This allows investigating the influence of the molecular environment on the absorption of an intense, femtosecond XUV pulse and the subsequent Coulomb explosion process. We find that the XUV probe pulse induces local inner-shell ionization of atomic iodine in dissociating iodomethane, in contrast to non-selective ionization of all photofragments in difluoroiodobenzene. The results reveal evidence of electron transfer from methyl and phenyl moieties to a multiply charged iodine ion. In addition, indications for ultrafast charge rearrangement on the phenyl radical are found, suggesting that time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging is sensitive to the localization of charge in extended molecules.
Range stacking: an interpolation-free SAR reconstruction algorithm

A method for digital image formation in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems is presented. The proposed approach is based on the wavefront reconstruction theory for SAR imaging systems. However, this is achieved without image formation in the spatial frequency domain of the target function which requires interpolation. The proposed method forms the target function at individual range points within the radar range swath; this is referred to as range stacking. The range stacking reconstruction method is applicable in stripmap and spotlight (broadside and squint) SAR systems. Results using a wide-beamwidth FOliage PENetrating (FOPEN) SAR database are provided, and the effect of beamwidth filtering on the signature of moving targets in the imaging scene is shown.
A quantum algorithm for greatest common divisor problem

We present a quantum algorithm solving the greatest common divisor (GCD) problem. This quantum algorithm possesses similar computational complexity with classical algorithms, such as the well-known Euclidean algorithm for GCD. This algorithm is an application of the quantum algorithms for the hidden subgroup problems, the same as Shor factoring algorithm. Explicit quantum circuits realized by quantum gates for this quantum algorithm are provided. We also give a computer simulation of this quantum algorithm and present the expected outcomes for the corresponding quantum circuit.
Stability of quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates with dominant dipole-dipole interactions

We consider quasi-two-dimensional atomic or molecular Bose-Einstein condensates with both contact and dipole-dipole interactions. It is shown that as a consequence of the dimensional reduction, and within mean-field theory, the condensates do not develop unstable excitation spectra, even when the dipole-dipole interaction completely dominates the contact interaction.
Comparison between Grating Imaging and Transient Grating Techniques on Measuring Carrier Diffusion in Semiconductor

ABSTRACT Optical grating technique, where optical gratings are generated via light inference, has been widely used to measure charge carrier and phonon transport in semiconductors. In this paper, compared are three types of transient optical grating techniques: transient grating diffraction, transient grating heterodyne, and grating imaging, by utilizing them to measure carrier diffusion coefficient in a GaAs/AlAs superlattice. Theoretical models are constructed for each technique to extract the carrier diffusion coefficient, and the results from all three techniques are consistent. Our main findings are: (1) the transient transmission change ∆T/T0 obtained from transient grating heterodyne and grating imaging techniques are identical, even these two techniques originate from different detection principles; and (2) by adopting detection of transmission change (heterodyne amplification) instead of pure diffraction, the grating imaging technique (transient grating heterodyne) has overwhelming advantage in signal intensity than the transient grating diffraction, with a signal intensity ratio of 315:1 (157:1).
The James Webb Space Telescope North Ecliptic Pole Time-domain Field. I. Field Selection of a JWST Community Field for Time-domain Studies

We describe the selection of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) Time-domain Field (TDF), a ≳14′ diameter field located within JWST’s northern continuous viewing zone (CVZ) and centered at (R.A., decl.)J2000 = (17:22:47.896, +65:49:21.54). We demonstrate that this is the only region in the sky where JWST can observe a clean (i.e., free of bright foreground stars and with low Galactic foreground extinction) extragalactic deep survey field of this size at arbitrary cadence or at arbitrary orientation, and without a penalty in terms of a raised zodiacal background. This will crucially enable a wide range of new and exciting time-domain science, including high-redshift transient searches and monitoring (e.g., SNe), variability studies from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to brown dwarf atmospheres, as well as proper motions of possibly extreme scattered Kuiper Belt and Inner Oort Cloud Objects, and of nearby Galactic brown dwarfs, low-mass stars, and ultracool white dwarfs. A JWST/NIRCam+NIRISS GTO program will provide an initial 0.8–5.0 μm spectrophotometric characterization to m AB ∼ 28.8 ± 0.3 mag of four orthogonal “spokes” within this field. The multi-wavelength (radio through X-ray) context of the field is in hand (ground-based near–UV-visible–near-IR), in progress (VLA 3 GHz, VLBA 5 GHz, HST UV-visible, Chandra X-ray, and IRAM 30 m 1.3 and 2 mm), or scheduled (JCMT 850 μm). We welcome and encourage ground- and space-based follow-up of the initial GTO observations and ancillary data, to realize its potential as an ideal JWST time-domain community field.
Goodness-of-Fit for Longitudinal Count Data with Overdispersion

In this article, we develop a method for checking the estimation equations, which is for joint estimation of the regression parameters and the overdispersion parameters, based on one dimension projected covariate. This method is different from the general testing methods in that our proposed method can be applied to high-dimensional response while the classical testing methods can not be extended to high dimension problem simply to construct a powerful test. Furthermore, the properties of the test statistics are investigated and Nonparametric Monte Carlo Test (NMCT) is suggested to determine the critical values of the test statistics under null hypothesis.
Notes on Oscillator-Like Interactions of Various Spin Relativistic Particles

The equations for various spin particles with oscillator-like interactions are discussed in this talk. Contents: 1. Comment on "The Klein-Gordon Oscillator"; 2. The Dirac oscillator in quaternion form; 3. The Dirac-Dowker oscillator; 4. The Weinberg oscillator; 5. Note on the two-body Dirac oscillator.
An Empirical Model for Protostellar Collapse

We propose a new analytic model for the initial conditions of protostellar collapse in relatively isolated regions of star formation. The model is nonmagnetic and is based on a Plummer-like radial density profile as its initial condition. It fits: the observed density profiles of prestellar cores and class 0 protostars; recent observations in prestellar cores of roughly constant contraction velocities over a wide range of radii; and the lifetimes and accretion rates derived for class 0 and class I protostars. However, the model is very simple, having in effect only two free parameters, so it should provide a useful framework for interpreting observations of prestellar cores and protostars and for calculations of radiation transport and time-dependent chemistry. As an example, we model the prestellar core L1544.
A COMPUTATIONALLY EFFICIENT QUADRATURE PROCEDURE FOR THE ONE-FACTOR MULTINOMIAL PROBIT MODEL

A PROBLEM OF ESTIMATION that has long confronted many economists is the difficulty of estimating the parameters of equations with limited dependent variables on cross-section time-series (i.e., panel) data. While there are widely available packaged computer programs for estimating either (a) cross-section probit and Tobit models or (b) simple permanent-transitory, random-effects panel models with continuous dependent variables, there are no available computationally feasible methods of combining these two models. This is because the likelihood function that arises in such a combined model contains multivariate normal integrals whose evaluation is quite difficult, if not impossible, with conventional approximation methods. There is a widespread feeling among those working in the area that one possible method of evaluation, the use of quadrature techniques, is in principle possible but is in practice computationally too burdensome to consider (e.g., Albright et al. [2, p. 13]; Hausman and Wise [6, p. 12]). In this note we point out that this is true only of standard quadrature techniques such as trapezoidal integration or its improved variants; Gaussian quadrature, on the other hand, is extremely efficient and is well within the bounds of computational feasibility on modern computers. In what follows, we state the nature of the integrals that need to be evaluated, provide a brief exposition of Gaussian quadrature, and provide a numerical illustration of its use in
Phase tomography using an x-ray Talbot interferometer

X-ray phase tomography with X-ray Talbot interferometry (XTI) is reported. XTI employs two transmission gratings and generates a contrast corresponding to the differential phase shift caused by a sample. Quantitative phase measurement and tomographic image reconstruction with XTI are demonstrated for biological samples. Finally, the possibility of medical applications of XTI is discussed, based on the advantage of XTI that divergent and polychromatic X-rays are available.
MSSM or A‐term Inflation

The Minimal Supersymmetry Standard Model contains several hundreds of D‐ and F‐flat directions that are lifted by soft susy breaking terms as well as non‐renormalizable terms. In a recent paper we find that only two of these directions, LLe and udd can accommodate inflation. The model predicts more than 103 e‐foldings with an inflationary scale of Hinf ∼ 1 GeV, provides a tilted spectrum compatible with WMAP3, and a negligible tensor perturbation. The reheating temperature could be as low as Trh ∼ 1 TeV. The model is stable under radiative as well as supergravity corrections, although a significant finetunning has to be imposed on the ratio of two parameters of the model. The RGE equations allow us to relate the model parameters with slepton and gaugino masses explorable in the LHC, while the neutralino in this model could well be within reach of present dark matter searches in the laboratory.
Improvement of Temperature Characteristics of Boundary Acoustic Wave Resonators Using Multilayered Electrodes

In this paper, we describe a new boundary acoustic wave structure employing multilayered metal electrodes with a high-density metal and a low-density metal. By using this structure, such as Pt/Al/Pt, the electromechanical coupling coefficient (k2) and temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of the boundary acoustic wave can be changed. We theoretically studied the dependence of the energy distribution of the boundary wave on the position of the total electrode gravity center when the electrode layer structure is changed. It was experimentally confirmed that k2 and TCF can be changed simultaneously. By using this structure, we developed a novel filter with good electrical characteristics, and a very small variation of the filter characteristic with temperature (almost zero TCF) was successfully realized.
(De)constructing intersecting M5-branes

We describe intersecting M5-branes, as well as M5-branes wrapping the holomorphic curve $xy=c,$ in terms of a limit of a defect conformal field theory (dCFT) with two-dimensional (4,0) supersymmetry. This defect CFT describes the low-energy theory of intersecting D3-branes at a ${C}^{2}/{Z}_{k}$ orbifold. In an appropriate $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{k}\ensuremath{\infty}$ limit, two compact spatial directions are generated. By identifying moduli of the M5-M5 intersection in terms of those of the defect CFT, we argue that the ${\mathrm{SU}(2)}_{L}R$ symmetry of the (4,0) defect CFT matches the $\mathrm{SU}(2)R$ symmetry of the $\mathcal{N}=2,d=4$ theory of the M5-M5 intersection. We find a 't Hooft anomaly in the ${\mathrm{SU}(2)}_{L}R$ symmetry, suggesting that tensionless strings give rise to an anomaly in the $\mathrm{SU}(2)R$ symmetry of intersecting M5-branes.
Liouville Field Theory — A decade after the revolution

We review recent developments (up to January 2004) of the Liouville field theory and its matrix model dual. This review consists of three parts. In part I, we review the bosonic Liouville theory. After briefly reviewing the necessary background, we discuss the bulk structure constants (the DOZZ formula) and the boundary states (the FZZT brane and the ZZ brane). Various applications are also presented. In part II, we review the supersymmetric extension of the Liouville theory. We first discuss the bulk structure constants and the branes as in the bosonic Liouville theory, and then we present the matrix dual descriptions with some applications. In part III, the Liouville theory on unoriented surfaces is reviewed. After introducing the crosscap state, we discuss the matrix model dual description and the tadpole cancellation condition. This review also includes some original material such as the derivation of the conjectured dual action for the N = 2 Liouville theory from other known dualities and the comparison of the Liouville crosscap state with the c = 0 unoriented matrix model. This is based on my master’s thesis submitted to Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo on January 2004.
Exciton Luminescence of CuCl, CuBr and CuI Single Crystals

Emission, absorption and reflection spectra have been studied on single crystals of cuprous halides. Three types of emission are observed: 1) resonance emission due to the annihilation of the lowest energy intrinsic exciton, 2) narrow lines due to bound excitons at defects or impurities, 3)broad bands and overlapping equidistant narrow bands. In the excitation spectrum for the resonance emission a structure of equal spacing, which corresponds to the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon energy, is found in the exciton absorption band region at low temperatures below 40°K. The resonance emission bands in CuBr and emission lines belonging to the type 2) in CuI are accompanied by the LO phonon assisted satellite bands. The LO phonon energies are obtained as 210±12, 166±7 and 151±8 cm -1 in CuCI, CuBr and CuI crystals, respectively.
ON THE UNIVERSALITY OF THE TRIANGLE SUPERPRODUCT AND THE SQUARE PRODUCT OF RELATIONS

Abstract The paper, together with other theorems, presents the proofs of the following statements. (1) Every preorder is a supenriangle self-inverse product. (2) R□R-1 if and only if R is an equivalence. The supenriangle and the square product (□)appearing in the theorems are special relational compositions that were introduced by Bandler and Kohoul in 1977 and described previously in this journal.
Mode conversion of Langmuir to electromagnetic waves at magnetic field-aligned density inhomogeneities: Simulations, theory, and applications to the solar wind and the corona

Linear mode conversion of Langmuir waves to radiation near the plasma frequency at density gradients is potentially relevant to multiple solar radio emissions, ionospheric radar experiments, laboratory plasma devices, and pulsars. Here we study mode conversion in warm magnetized plasmas using a numerical electron fluid simulation code with the density gradient parallel to the ambient magnetic field B0 for a range of incident Langmuir wavevectors. Our results include: (1) both o- and x-mode waves are produced for Ω=(ωL∕c)1∕3(ωc∕ω)≲1, contrary to previous ideas. Only the o mode is produced for Ω≳1.5. Here ωc is the (angular) electron cyclotron frequency, ω is the angular wave frequency, L is the length scale of the (linear) density gradient, and c is the speed of light. A WKB-style analysis accounts semiquantitatively for the production and relative conversion efficiencies of the o and x modes in the simulations. (2) In the unmagnetized limit, equal amounts of o- and x-mode radiation are produced. (3) The m.
Random field models in image analysis

Image models are useful in quantitatively specifying natural constraints and general assumptions about the physical world and the imaging process. This review paper explains how Gibbs and Markov random field models provide a unifying theme for many contemporary problems in image analysis. Random field models permit the introduction of spatial context into pixel labeling problems, such as segmentation and restoration. Random field models also describe textured images and lead to algorithms for generating textured images, classifying textures and segmenting textured images. In spite of some impressive model-based image restoration and texture segmentation results reported in the literature, a number of fundamental issues remain unexplored, such as the specification of MRF models, modeling noise processes, performance evaluation, parameter estimation, the phase transition phenomenon and the comparative analysis of alternative procedures. The literature of random field models is filled with great promise, but.
Higher order water waves in currents of uniform vorticity, in the presence of surface tension

A third order Stokes expansion is developed for periodic waves travelling on an opposing surface current whose undisturbed horizontal velocity profile is varying linearly down to some fixed depth h and zero otherwise. Deep water is assumed beneath the current. Surface tension is included. Special emphasis is laid on the case of deep currents, e−2kh 1, since this case permits useful analytical approximations. Third order Stokes theory is necessary to obtain the first non-vanishing correction to the phase velocity, which is of second order.
Note on the boundary terms in AdS/CFT correspondence for Rarita-Schwinger field

In this letter the boundary problem for massless and massive Rarita-Schwinger ﬁeld in the AdS/CFT correspondence is considered. The considerations are along the lines of a paper by Henneaux [24] and are based on the requirement the solutions to be a stationary point for the action functional. It is shown that this requirement, along with a deﬁnite asymptotic behavior of the solutions, ﬁxes the boundary term that must be added to the initial Rarita-Schwinger action. It is also shown that the boundary term reproduce the known two point correlation functions of certain local operators in CFT living on the boundary.
Dependence of the vortex configuration on the geometry of mesoscopic flat samples

The influence of the geometry of a thin superconducting sample on the penetration of the magnetic field lines and the arrangement of vortices are investigated theoretically. We compare the vortex state of superconducting disks, squares, and triangles with the same surface area having nonzero thickness. The coupled nonlinear Ginzburg-Landau equations are solved self-consistently and the important demagnetization effects are taken into account. We calculate and compare quantities such as the free energy, the magnetization, the Cooper-pair density, the magnetic field distribution, and the superconducting current density for the three geometries. For given vorticity the vortex lattice is different for the three geometries, i.e., it tries to adapt to the geometry of the sample. This also influences the stability range of the different vortex states. For certain magnetic field ranges we found a coexistence of a giant vortex placed in the center and single vortices towards the corners of the sample. The $H\ensuremath{-}T$ phase diagram is obtained for the three investigated geometries and we found that the critical magnetic field is substantially enhanced for the triangle geometry.
Fitting Together the HI Absorption and Emission in the SGPS

In this paper we study 21-cm absorption spectra and the corresponding emission spectra toward bright continuum sources in the test region (326< l < 333) of the Southern Galactic Plane Survey. This survey combines the high resolution of the Australia Telescope Compact Array with the full brightness temperature information of the Parkes single dish telescope. In particular, we focus on the abundance and temperature of the cool atomic clouds in the inner galaxy. The resulting mean opacity of the HI, < κ >, is measured as a function of Galactic radius; it increases going in from the solar circle, to a peak in the molecular ring of about four times its local value. This suggests that the cool phase is more abundant there, and colder, than it is locally. The distribution of cool phase temperatures is derived in three different ways. The naive, “spin temperature” technique overestimates the cloud temperatures, as expected. Using two alternative approaches we get good agreement on a histogram of the cloud temperatures, Tcool, corrected for blending with warm phase gas. The median temperature is about 65 K, but there is a long tail reaching down to temperatures below 20 K. Clouds with temperatures below 40 K are common, though not as common as warmer clouds (40 to 100 K).
Rheological differences among liquid‐crystalline polymers. II. Disappearance of negative N1 in densely packed lyotropes and thermotropes

The steady‐state viscosities η and first normal stress differences N1 as functions of the shear rate γ are measured for highly concentrated and densely packed solutions and melts of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) and a polyester [OQO(OEt)10] made from the condensation of 1,10‐decane‐bis‐benzoyl chloride and ethoxy substituted hydroquinone. As the concentration of HPC is increased, systematic departures from the predictions of the Doi theory are found. First, beginning at a concentration C of around 30% by weight, the zero‐shear viscosity begins to increase, rather than decrease, with increasing concentration. Then, at a concentration of 35%, the shear rate γmax at which N1 reaches a local maximum begins to decrease, rather than increase, with concentration, the viscoelastic activation energy of the solution begins to exceed that of the solvent, and the shape of the curve of N1 versus shear rate begins to become temperature sensitive. At a concentration of 55% at room temperature, the region of negative N1.