Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of Composite Multivariate Multiscale Permutation Fuzzy Entropy to Diagnose the Faults of Rolling Bearing

The study focuses on the fault signals of rolling bearings, which are characterized by nonlinearity, periodic impact, and low signal-to-noise ratio. The advantages of entropy calculation in analyzing time series data were combined with the high calculation accuracy of Multiscale Fuzzy Entropy (MFE) and the strong noise resistance of Multiscale Permutation Entropy (MPE), a multivariate coarse-grained form was introduced, and the coarse-grained process was improved. The Composite Multivariate Multiscale Permutation Fuzzy Entropy (CMvMPFE) method was proposed to solve the problems of low accuracy, large entropy perturbation, and information loss in the calculation process of fault feature parameters. This method extracts the fault characteristics of rolling bearings more comprehensively and accurately. The CMvMPFE method was used to calculate the entropy value of the rolling bearing experimental fault data, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) was used for fault diagnosis analysis. By comparing with MPFE, the Composite Multiscale Permutation Fuzzy Entropy (CMPFE) and the Multivariate Multiscale Permutation Fuzzy Entropy (MvMPFE) methods, the results of the calculations show that the CMvMPFE method can extract rolling bearing fault characteristics more comprehensively and accurately, and it also has good robustness.
Evaluation of Candida colonization index, molecular identification, and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida species isolated from critically ill pediatric patients: A single-center study in Iran

Background and Purpose: Given the high mortality rate of invasive candidiasis in hospitalized pediatric patients, it is crucial to establish a predictive system to achieve early diagnosis and treatment of patients who are likely to benefit from early antifungal treatment. This study aimed to assess the Candida colonization index, species distribution, and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida strains isolated from pediatric patients with high Candida colonization index (CI). Materials and Methods: This study was carried out at the Children’s Medical Center in Tehran-Iran. In total, 661 samples were collected from 83 patients. The Candida CI was calculated according to the descriptions of previous studies. The isolates were identified using polymerase chain reaction-based techniques. The Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute protocol M60 was used to conduct the antifungal susceptibility test. Results: A colonization index greater than 0.5 was confirmed in 29 cases (58% of positive samples) with two children developing candidemia. Candida albicans (n=53, 49.5%) was the most common Candida species in patients with CI > 0.5. Except for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, no risk factors were linked to a high index in colonized children (P > 0.05). Twelve isolates (7.01%) were multi-azole resistant with high MICs against both isavuconazole and ravuconazole and seven strains (4.09%) were echinocandins resistant. Conclusion: In pediatric intensive care units, patients are at risk of fungal infection, particularly candidemia. In this study, more than half of the children with positive yeast cultures had CI > 0.5, and 6.8% developed candidemia.
Association between intentional behavioral changes and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic

The enforcement of nationwide lockdowns and social distancing measures severely restricted behavior and led to increases in stress, anxiety, and depression during the COVID-19 Pandemic. However, contrary to expectations, studies show that well-being did not decrease significantly during the Pandemic. The present study examined whether intentional increases in alternative behaviors contributed to maintaining well-being. We predicted an increase in indoor activities as alternatives to outdoor activities and that these behavioral changes contribute to maintaining well-being. Focusing on leisure activities, transport mode, and working environments, we tested these predictions in an online survey of 1,000 participants (M = 40.4 years; SD = 10.9). The results demonstrated that the decrease in outdoor leisure activities (e.g., traveling and shopping), use of public transportation, and working at office led to a reduction in well-being. It was also demonstrated that the subsequent increase in indoor leisure activities (e.g., exercising at home and online shopping) and use of a private car led to an increase in well-being, which supported our predictions. These results suggest that increasing alternative behaviors can maintain overall well-being during pandemics. These findings highlight the significance of intentional behavioral changes in maintaining well-being during pandemics.
A Study of Scales for Growth and Age Determination in Tor tor

: Age and growth determination of fish are very formal and fundamental components and have a great significance for not only in fisheries biology but it is equally important for providing information about stock management, age of maturity, life span, yield and production also. The proper knowledge on the age and growth of the fish is a prerequisite for studying population dynamics and maintaining sustainable yields in aquaculture (Campana and Thorrold, 2001). The Fish age wise growth rate is species specific, as higher weight increment is shown by few fishes than others at the same length of time, whereas some attain more length than others. Even in the same species, the growth rate differs between both sexes and also with the different seasons of the year which is related to environmental conditions especially water temperature (Akamine, 1993). The main objective to study age and growth of the fish is to assess the maximum level of production of a species in relation to a particular culture period.
Evaluation of the Safety of Percutaneous Sensory Nerve Stimulation in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Receiving Chemoradiotherapy

Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the standard treatment for locally advanced head and neck cancer; however, CRT may cause post-treatment dysphagia. Transcutaneous electrical sensory stimulation (TESS), developed in recent years for swallowing rehabilitation, is used at many medical facilities. Although TESS has been used for dysphagia in several fields, its safety and efficacy in patients with head and neck cancer remain to be clarified. Therefore, this study evaluated the safety of TESS in ten patients with head and neck cancers undergoing CRT. Swallowing rehabilitation intervention and TESS implementation were performed for all patients during CRT. Non-blood-toxicity adverse events (AEs), such as dermatitis and mucositis, occurred during CRT; however, the severity was less than grade 3. No patient experienced pain due to TESS. As survival time analysis using the Kaplan–Meier method for interferential current device implementation rates revealed a feasibility of 100% for up to 60 Gy and a feasibility of 78% for up to 70 Gy, TESS may be feasible until 70 Gy. This study confirmed the feasibility and safety of TESS in the head and neck region during CRT. Although the precise mechanism of TESS on dysphagia remains unclear, its continued use has great potential for improving sensory disturbance.
Shiro-like Structure Formation of Chinese Tricholoma matsutake Strain YN1 in Pinus armandii and Pinus elliottii Seedlings

Tricholoma matsutake is one of the edible ectomycorrhizal fungi with great economic and ecological values. Artificially mycorrhized seedlings inoculated with T. matsutake strains from Finland and Japan have been widely reported. However, few reports on the morphological characteristics of mycorrhizae synthesized from the Chinese T. matsutake strain are available to date. Here, we find that the T. matsutake strain YN1 from Yunnan province, China, can form well-developed ectomycorrhizae in symbiosis with both exotic (Pinus elliottii) and Chinese native (Pinus armandii) species. The symbiotic structures of ectomycorrhizae included obvious mantle sheaths and Hartig nets visible under a microscope. The ectomycorrhizae appeared earlier in a larger quantity in P. elliottii than in P. armandii in the culture-plate symbiotic system. The ectomycorrhizae obviously promoted the growth of potted P. armandii and P. elliottii, accompanied by the formation of shiro-like structures. Our results provide references for the effective management of ectomycorrhizae synthesis in both P. armandii and P. elliottii seedlings to form shiro-like structures, and also provide a new perspective for the afforestation and mushroom cultivation research on T. matsutake.
Pulmonary Co-Infections Detected Premortem Underestimate Postmortem Findings in a COVID-19 Autopsy Case Series

Bacterial and fungal co-infections are reported complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critically ill patients but may go unrecognized premortem due to diagnostic limitations. We compared the premortem with the postmortem detection of pulmonary co-infections in 55 fatal COVID-19 cases from March 2020 to March 2021. The concordance in the premortem versus the postmortem diagnoses and the pathogen identification were evaluated. Premortem pulmonary co-infections were extracted from medical charts while applying standard diagnostic definitions. Postmortem co-infection was defined by compatible lung histopathology with or without the detection of an organism in tissue by bacterial or fungal staining, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with broad-range bacterial and fungal primers. Pulmonary co-infection was detected premortem in significantly fewer cases (15/55, 27%) than were detected postmortem (36/55, 65%; p < 0.0001). Among cases in which co-infection was detected postmortem by histopathology, an organism was identified in 27/36 (75%) of cases. Pseudomonas, Enterobacterales, and Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequently identified bacteria both premortem and postmortem. Invasive pulmonary fungal infection was detected in five cases postmortem, but in no cases premortem. According to the univariate analyses, the patients with undiagnosed pulmonary co-infection had significantly shorter hospital (p = 0.0012) and intensive care unit (p = 0.0006) stays and significantly fewer extra-pulmonary infections (p = 0.0021). Bacterial and fungal pulmonary co-infection are under-recognized complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19.
Avaliação de modificações no método de redução de nitrato visando a detecção de Mycobacterium tuberculosis multirresistente

A Tuberculose (Tb) e uma doenca infecto-contagiosa de carater mundial, sendo que a demora no seu diagnostico e um dos fatores que intensificam o numero de casos da doenca. Os metodos de diagnostico convencionais demandam tempo e possuem custo elevados, dificultando sua implantacao nos laboratorios da rede basica de saude. Entre os metodos de antibiograma se destaca o metodo de reducao de nitrato (MRN), que propicia um resultado mais rapidos (de 7 a 14 dias) que o metodo das proporcoes (MP-28 dias), considerado padrao ouro pela Organizacao Mundial de Saude. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo, avaliar modificacoes no metodo de reducao de nitrato (MRN), utilizado para verificacao da sensibilidade de cepas de M. tuberculosis aos principais farmacos administrados na terapeutica da Tb, como alternativa de baixo custo e de facil realizacao pela rede basica de saude na verificacao da resistencia de Tb. No presente estudo, foi avaliada a acuidade (tabela 2X2) e concordância (concordância observada e indice Kappa) entre o MP, e seis variacoes de MRN, nas quais foram utilizadas duas fontes de nitrato (KNO3 e NaNO3), acrescido a tres diferentes meios solidos de cultivo, Middlebrook 7H10, Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) e Ogawa (OG). Os farmacos testados foram isoniazida (INH), rifampicina (RIF), estreptomicina (STR) e etambutol (EMB) e os testes foram realizados com cepa de Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (padrao de sensibilidade), quatro cepas (padroes de resistencia diferentes a cada farmaco) e vinte e quatro isolados clinicos com resultado de antibiograma desconhecido. Devido a excelente reprodutibilidade e concordância do MRN original com o MP para os quatro farmacos testados pode-se confirmar que o MRN e uma metodologia alternativa na deteccao de isolados de M. tuberculosis resistente aos principais farmacos utilizados na terapeutica da Tb. O resultado de total concordância do MRN modificado pela substituicao do nitrato de potassio pelo nitrato de sodio com o MP e com o MRN original para os farmacos RIF, INH e EMB, indica que a modificacao e uma otima alternativa para a rede basica de saude, visto que a fonte de nitrogenio e de facil aquisicao pelos servicos de saude. Alem disso, mostrou ser mais rapido na liberacao dos resultados. Os resultados do farmaco STR, executado em todas as modificacoes do MRN, indicam a necessidade de avaliacoes futuras em suas concentracoes, principalmente quando utilizado no meio de OG. O meio Middlebrook apresentou frequentes contaminacoes em todos os ensaios realizados, nao sendo possivel realizar sua analise.
A Review of Small UAV Navigation System Based on Multisource Sensor Fusion

In recent years, unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) have played an increasingly significant role in the military and civil fields. The flight control system, as the “hub” of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), is responsible for the key function of autonomous flight, while a reliable and stable navigation system provides important information such as position status for flight control and represents the “sensory” function of the UAV. A highly autonomous and credible UAV requires a navigation system that meets specific requirements for accuracy, integrity, and continuity, resulting in a multitude of sensors on-board the UAV that are heterogeneous, redundant, and multisource, creating a highly complex navigation system. In this article, we review multisensor fusion (MSF) technology for small UAVs over the last 20 years and provide an overview of three typical multisource fusion architectures based on filtering, factor graph optimization, and data-driven, focusing on inductive identification of key technologies for multisource information fusion state estimation systems, including calibration techniques to improve data quality, observability analysis to provide theoretical support, additional model constraint correction using aircraft, and resilient fusion management techniques across all sources. Finally, we propose future directions for UAS navigation systems to address the limitations of the existing systems.
Self-assessed Online Listening Tests as an OER: The Senior English Educators’ Perspectives Based on UTAUT Model

With the advent of e-learning, in which instruction is done remotely and on digital platforms, education has experienced a profound upheaval as the sole means of ensuring the continuation of academic activities due to the disruption caused by the COVID-19 outbreak. This crisis appears to have created a perfect environment for creating freely available, publicly licenced course materials known as open educational resources, or OER. Boon Yih Mah initiated the self-assessed online listening tests (SAOLT) as one of the OER to provide English as a second language (ESL) learners with a platform with relevant and supporting content to practise their listening skills in a test format. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to measure the perceptions of senior English teachers from different education sectors about the usefulness, ease of use, attitude toward use, and behavioural intention to use SAOLT in their teaching of listening skills. A survey was conducted using a purposive sampling method comprising ten English educators from different types of institutions with 16–40 years of teaching experience. The items in the questionnaire were adapted based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology or UTAUT to suit the study’s objectives using five Likert scales for measuring the perceptions. Based on the findings after performing the descriptive data analysis, this survey has shown positive responses among the senior English teachers from different education sectors about their perceptions of the usefulness, ease of use, attitude toward use, and behavioural intention to use SAOLT in their teaching, particularly for listening skills.
Diurnal timescale feedbacks in the tropical cumulus regime

Although the importance of the diurnal cycle in modulating clouds and precipitation has long been recognized, its impact on the climate system at longer timescales has remained elusive. Mounting evidence indicates that the diurnal cycle may substantially affect leading climate modes through nonlinear rectification. In this study, an idealized cloud‐resolving model experiment is executed to isolate a diurnal timescale feedback in the shallow cumulus regime over the tropical warm pool. This feedback is isolated by modifying the period of the diurnal cycle (or removing it), which proportionally scales (or removes) the diurnal thermodynamic forcing that clouds respond to. This diurnal forcing is identified as covarying cycles of static stability and humidity in the lower troposphere, wherein the most unstable conditions coincide with greatest humidity each afternoon. This diurnal forcing yields deeper clouds and greater daily‐mean cumulus heating than would otherwise occur, in turn reducing large‐scale subsidence from day to day according to the “weak temperature gradient” approximation. This diurnal forcing therefore manifests as a timescale feedback by accelerating the onset of deep convection. The longwave cloud‐radiation effect is found to amplify this timescale feedback, since the resulting invigoration of clouds (increased upper‐cloud radiative cooling, with suppressed cooling below) scales with cloud depth (i.e., optical thickness), and hence with the magnitude of diurnal forcing. These findings highlight the pressing need to remedy longstanding problems related to the diurnal cycle in many climate models. Given the evident sensitivity of climate variability to diurnal processes, doing so may yield advances in climate prediction at longer timescales.
The Transitivity and Asymmetry of Actual Causation

The counterfactual tradition to defining actual causation has come a long way since Lewis started it off. However there are still important open problems that need to be solved. One of them is the (in)transitivity of causation. Endorsing transitivity was a major source of trouble for the approach taken by Lewis, which is why currently most approaches reject it. But transitivity has never lost its appeal, and there is a large literature devoted to understanding why this is so. Starting from a survey of this work, we will develop a formal analysis of transitivity and the problems it poses for causation. This analysis provides us with a sufficient condition for causation to be transitive, a sufficient condition for dependence to be necessary for causation, and several characterisations of the transitivity of dependence. Finally, we show how this analysis leads naturally to several conditions a definition of causation should satisfy, and use those to suggest a new definition of causation.
Experimental and Simulation Studies of Hydrodynamic Tunneling of Ultra-Relativistic Protons

The expected damage due to the release of the full LHC beam energy at a single aperture bottleneck has been studied. These studies have shown that the range of the 7 TeV LHC proton beam is significantly extended compared to that of a single proton due to hydrodynamic tunneling effect. For instance, it was evaluated that the protons and their showers will penetrate up to a length of 25 m in solid carbon compared to a static range of around 3 m. To check the validity of these simulations, beamtarget heating experiments using the 440 GeV proton beam generated by the SPS were performed at the HiRadMat test facility at CERN [1]. Solid copper targets were facially irradiated by the beam and measurements confirmed hydrodynamic tunneling of the protons and their showers. Simulations have been done by running the energy deposition code FLUKA and the 2D hydrodynamic code, BIG2, iteratively. Very good agreement has been found between the simulations and the experimental results [2] providing confidence in the validity of the studies for the LHC. This paper presents the simulation studies, the results of a benchmarking experiment, and the detailed target investigations. HYDRODYNAMIC TUNNELING The theoretical investigations of the beam–target heating problem at LHC showed that the energy deposited by few ten proton bunches leads to strong heating that produces very high pressure in the beam heated region. This high pressure generates a radially outgoing shock wave that leads to a continuous density reduction at the target center. As a consequence, the protons of the subsequent bunches, and their hadronic showers, penetrate deeper into the target. Continuation of this process leads to a substantial increase in the range of the projectile particles and their hadronic shower. This phenomenon is called hydrodynamic tunneling of ultrarelativistic protons in solid targets. [2] It has a important implications on the machine protection design of every high stored beam energy accelerator.
Exploring the Spatial Intersection of Small Firm Innovation, Urban Form, and Demographics in the Washington, DC, Metropolitan Area

In an increasingly competitive global market for human and financial capital, cities have embraced a variety of strategies to lure investment and incubate lucrative businesses and industries in situ. Among other strategies, it has been suggested that local governments can both attract and catalyze the rise of knowledge-intensive businesses and innovative startups by cultivating dense, walkable, and transit-accessible urban environments where knowledge spillovers might be more likely and creative and knowledge workers can access an abundance of consumption amenities. This intensive case study of the Washington, DC, metropolitan area explores the potential spatial associations between attributes of urban form and innovation productivity as assessed using small business innovation awards. In addition to largely corroborating previous findings indicating a strong positive spatial correlation between small and midsized firm innovation and neighborhood walkability and transit quality, the results suggest the importance of other key supportive amenities including small business incubators or accelerators and local research universities, and highlight socioeconomic and demographic disparities between innovation hot spots and cold spots.
A Basic Study of Hand Eye Calibration using a Tablet Computer

In this study, we describe a hand eye calibration method for calibrating an attached camera and a handmade end-effector to a robot by utilizing a tablet computer. By iterating the touching black dots displayed in the computer and optimizing robot parameters to minimize the touching error, the hand eye calibration is achieved without the end-effector information such as the dimensions and attached position. We finally achieved 1.2 mm touching error