Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TVD Finite Element Scheme for Hyperbolic Systems of Conservation Laws

A finite element scheme based on the concept of TVD (total variation diminishing) with a flux-limiter for the hyperbolic systems of conservation laws is presented. The numerical flux is formulated effectively by the weighted integral form using exponential weighting functions. The TVD finite element scheme is applied to a Riemann problem, namely the shock-tube problem, for the Euler system of equations. Numerical results demonstrate the workability and the validity of the present approach through comparison with the exact solutions.
Comment on: "Fluctuation Theorem for Many-Body Pure Quantum States" and Reply to "arXiv:1712.05172"

We comment on: E. Iyoda, K. Kaneko, and T. Sagawa, "Fluctuation Theorem for Many-Body Pure Quantum States", Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 100601 (2017). We also respond to the reply by the afore mentioned authors: "arXiv:1712.05172". The response at hand concludes our discussion of the subject on the arXiv.
DEPRESSION AND SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK

ABSTRACT Aim: Low back pain is pain, muscle tension, or stiffness localized below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds, with or without leg pain (sciatica), and is defined as chronic when it persists for 12 weeks or more. Several studies have addressed the relationship between chronic low back pain and poor sexual activity for more than two decades. This study was designed to clarify the relationship between depression and chronic low back pain in the light of the information obtained from the literature review and examine how it affects sexual life. Material and method: Eighty people participated in the study. After signing the informed consent form, participants were examined by experienced physicians. Quebec Low Back Pain Scale, Beck's Depression Scale, and Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) were applied to the participants. Results: As a result of the Mann-Whitney U test, which examined whether there was a significant difference in the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale scores between the case group and the control group, there was a significant difference between the groups(U=256,500, p<,001). When the mean ranks were examined, it was seen that the case group had a higher ASLS score than the control group. In our study, it was found that there was a significant difference between the groups as a result of the Mann Whitney U test, which was carried out to examine whether there was a significant difference between the Quebec score points between the case group and the control group. (U=30,000, p<,001). Conclusion: In our study, it was observed that chronic low back pain significantly increased the level of depression and paved the way for functional losses in sexual terms. There is a moderate correction between a higher Quebec score and lower sexual satisfaction. It was found that there was a moderate relationship between Beck's depression score and sexual satisfaction. The 33-42 age group has higher Quebec scores than other age groups. It was found that there was no significant difference in scores between the groups according to gender, license degree, and marital status.
An Intercultural Sporting Event as Part of Soft Power Strategy: Macao’s 1st Lusophony Games

ABSTRACT The instrumental impact of sport has experienced an increasing complexity, especially in its relations between society and culture, economy, and politics. The study focused on the Macao Lusophony Games, an intercultural sports event that aims to strengthen ties with Portuguese-speaking countries, or Lusophony. Based on a literature review in interrelated fields such as cultural heritage, language, legacy effects, and soft power, a qualitative approach was undertaken, informed by empirical material from various textual sources. The evidence shows that the Games created ties based on linguistic and cultural reciprocity, expressed as a soft power resource as well as Macao’s realignment within the Lusophone world, as an international political strategy that benefits China’s economic development.
Inflation and distribution during the post-COVID recovery: a Kaleckian approach

Abstract The early stages of recovery from the recession induced by the COVID-19 pandemic were accompanied by a marked increase in inflation in the US and elsewhere. Much has been made of this outcome, and the economic distress associated with it, in popular discussion of the economy. This paper provides a Kaleckian conflicting-claims analysis of inflation during the post-COVID recovery, that distinguishes between rising wages, pandemic-related supply shocks, and corporate price-setting behavior as sources of inflationary pressure. A key conclusion that arises from the co-determination of inflation and distributional outcomes in the Kaleckian framework is that distributional developments that have further disadvantaged working households, rather than inflation per se, are the chief source of recent economic distress – and should be the chief cause for concern among policy makers.
Multiscale feature fusion network for automatic port segmentation from remote sensing images

Abstract. In recent years, remote sensing image observation technology has developed rapidly. Extracting coastlines from remote sensing images has become an indispensable means of port area measurement. Port segmentation from remote sensing images is an important method of coastline extraction and measurement. The remote sensing images used are panchromatic remote sensing images. Due to complex remote sensing image scenes and the large difference in feature information at different scales, traditional segmentation methods cannot perform effective extraction, and it is difficult to accurately segment the coastline in remote sensing images. We propose a multiscale feature fusion network for automatic port segmentation from remote sensing images. First, to reduce the redundant parameters and complex operation problems in traditional convolutional neural networks, we propose using MobileNetv2 as the base network for feature extraction to achieve a lightweight model. Then aiming at the feature differences of remote sensing images at different scales, we present atrous convolution as a convolution method for the entire network and combine a multiscale feature fusion method to extract the features of remote sensing images and improve the feature extraction ability. To reduce the problem of ships calling at the port being easily mistaken for port area and causing false segmentation, we propose a method of eliminating the ship area to reduce the interference. Finally, the comprehensive evaluation of a large number of Google port remote sensing data shows that compared with existing methods, the proposed method has the characteristics of being lightweight and having high precision.
Assessing cross-cultural performance: beyond just “being there”, revisited

As a review of the literature, this paper highlights how three dimensions - task performance, skill development, and cross-cultural adjustment, have been used to understand cross-cultural performance. With respect to task performance, two criteria should be measured for all those working cross-culturally, including remote or virtual cross-cultural work: (1) how accurately employees read the unique contextual demands of a cross-cultural context and (2) how effectively they respond given the contextual and strategic demands of the task. Focusing on development of cross-cultural competencies as a performance goal we highlight the dimensions most important for assessment, focusing on self- and relationship management competencies. Regarding cross-cultural adjustment, we offer a more precise and nuanced approach which accounts for the person-environment fit in the context of working in cultural novelty.
Priming Privacy: The Effect of Privacy News Consumption on Privacy Attitudes, Beliefs, and Knowledge

ABSTRACT Prior content analyses have shown privacy news to be primarily negatively valenced. However, the effects of such news have gone unexplored. Using priming theory, this analysis examines the role of privacy news on trust in data institutions, privacy attitudes, and privacy literacy. Findings show that privacy news consumption is positively associated with privacy concern and literacy, which were negatively associated with trust in data institutions, fully mediating the effect of privacy news consumption on trust. These conclusions suggest a benefit of integrating privacy news consumption into relevant theories and models and have societal implications for consumption of privacy news.
Effects of T 2 -Weighting on Optimum b -Value vs. SNR for ADC Measurements

Introduction: The optimization of b-value for two-point apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) estimation schemes were previously investigated, assuming high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) imaging [1-5] and also considering the effects of T2-weighting [4-5]. Recently, the dependence of the optimum b-value on the SNR of the imaging scheme has been shown, ignoring the T2 relaxation effects [6]. Here, we incorporate the effects of the T2 decay, in addition to the SNR of the imaging scheme, to provide a more accurate optimum b-value for ADC estimation methods. The results of this work are especially important for high-resolution diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging, which intrinsically suffers from low SNR. We apply our method to DW imaging of the cervical spinal cord at low SNR values to demonstrate the improvement in the resulting DW images and ADC maps.
Pattern formation in desiccated sessile colloidal droplets with salt admixture: Short review

This short review is devoted to the simple process of drying a multi-component droplet consisting of a complex fluid containing a salt. These processes provide a fascinating subject for study. The explanation of the rich variety of patterns formed is not only an academic challenge, but a problem of practical importance, as applications are growing in medical diagnosis and improvement of coating/printing technology. The fundamental scientific problem is the study of the mechanism of micro- and nanoparticle self-organization in open systems. The specific fundamental problem to be solved, related to this system is - the investigation of the mass transfer processes, the formation and evolution of phase fronts and the identification of mechanisms of pattern formation. The drops of liquid containing dissolved substances and suspended particles are assumed to be drying on a horizontal solid substrate. The chemical composition and macroscopic properties of the complex fluid, the concentration and nature of the salt, the surface energy of the substrate and the interaction between the fluid and substrate which determines the wetting, all affect the final morphology of the dried film.
Indirect and direct signatures of Higgs portal decaying vector dark matter for positron excess in cosmic rays

We investigate the indirect signatures of the Higgs portal U(1)X vector dark matter (VDM) Xμ from both its pair annihilation and decay. The VDM is stable at renormalizable level by Z2 symmetry, and thermalized by Higgs-portal interactions. It can also decay by some nonrenormalizable operators with very long lifetime at cosmological time scale. If dim-6 operators for VDM decays are suppressed by 1016 GeV scale, the lifetime of VDM with mass ∼ 2 TeV is just right for explaining the positron excess in cosmic ray observed by PAMELA and AMS02 Collaborations. The VDM decaying into μ+μ− can fit the data, evading various constraints on cosmic rays. We give one UV-complete model as an example. This scenario for Higgs portal decaying VDM with mass around ∼ 2 TeV can be tested by DM direct search at XENON1T, and also at the future colliders by measuring the Higgs self-couplings.
Monte Carlo Simulation of The Adjoint Coulomb Gas

Monte Carlo simulation results for unitary matrix quantum mechanics, describing two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory coupled to a finite density of non-dynamical quarks (adjoint Coulomb gas), are presented. We characterize the deconfining transition in this model, by measuring the Polyakov Loop Susceptibility and employing finite-size scaling analysis. We provide evidence that the phase transition is first-order. Our results are consistent with the outcome of earlier large-$N$ studies of the model.
Slowly, slowly in the wind

Wind mass transfer in binary systems with asymptotic giant branch (AGB) donor stars plays a fundamental role in the formation of a variety of objects, including barium stars and carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars. In an attempt to better understand the properties of these systems, we carry out a comprehensive set of smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of wind-losing AGB stars in binaries for a variety of binary mass ratios, orbital separations, initial wind velocities, and rotation rates of the donor star. The initial parameters of the simulated systems are chosen to match the expected progenitors of CEMP stars. We find that the strength of interaction between the wind and the stars depends on the ratio of wind velocity to orbital velocity (v∞/vorb) and on the binary mass ratio. Strong interaction occurs for close systems and comparable mass ratios, and gives rise to a complex morphology of the outflow and substantial angular-momentum loss, which leads to a shrinking of the orbit. As the orbital separation increases and the mass of the companion star decreases, the morphology of the outflow and the angular-momentum loss become more similar to the spherically symmetric wind case. We also explore the effects of tidal interaction and find that for orbital separations up to 7−10 AU, depending on mass ratio, spin-orbit coupling of the donor star occurs at some point during the AGB phase. If the initial wind velocity is relatively low, we find that corotation of the donor star results in a modified outflow morphology that resembles wind Roche-lobe overflow. In this case the mass-accretion efficiency and angular-momentum loss differ from those found for a non-rotating donor. Finally, we provide relations for the mass-accretion efficiency and angular-momentum loss as a function of v∞/vorb and the binary mass ratio that can be easily implemented in a population synthesis code to study populations of barium stars, CEMP stars, and other products of interaction in AGB binaries, such as cataclysmic binaries and type Ia supernovae.
ORIGIN OF THE GeV EMISSION DURING THE X-RAY FLARING ACTIVITY IN GRB 100728A

Recently, Fermi-LAT detected GeV emission during the X-ray flaring activity in GRB 100728A. We study various scenarios for its origin. The hard spectrum of the GeV emission favors the external inverse Compton (EIC) origin in which X-ray flare photons are up-scattered by relativistic electrons in the external forward shock. This EIC scenario, with anisotropic scattering effect taken into account, can reproduce the temporal and spectral properties of the GeV emission in GRB 100728A.
Teratogenic Evaluation of 80% Ethanol Extract of Embelia schimperi Vatke Fruits on Rat Embryo and Fetuses

Introduction Embelia schimperi Vatke (family Myrsinaceae) is a commonly consumed anthelminthic plant in Ethiopia. The plant has significant efficacy in treating intestinal worms. However, there are limited data about the safety/toxicity of the plant. Moreover, the teratogenic effect of the plant is not yet well studied despite significant number of Ethiopian mothers consuming herbal medication during their pregnancy. Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the teratogenic effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of E. schimperi fruit on rat embryos and fetuses. Methods Pregnant albino Wistar rats were treated with 80% hydroalcoholic fruit extract of E. schimperi at 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg dosage, whilst the controls were pair-fed and ad libitum groups. Maternal food intake, maternal weight gain, number of implantations, number of prior resorptions, fetal viability, fetal weight, fetal and embryonic crown-ramp length, placental weight, placental gross morphology and histopathology of placental tissue, number of somites, embryonic system, gross/visceral morphological malformations, and ossification centers were evaluated as teratogenicity indices. Results The crude extract of E. schimperi did not exhibit a significant difference in most developmental indices including the development of a circulatory system, nervous system, and musculoskeletal systems among treated animals and the controls. However, histopathological evaluation of placentas from the treatment groups showed that inflammatory reactions and calcifications compared to the pair-fed and ad libitum controls. Conclusion Administration of the 80% hydroalcoholic extract of E. schimperi fruit during the period of organogenesis in rats did not show a significant toxic effect on embryonic and fetal developmental indices. However, it might affect the structural integrity of the placenta as it is evidenced by inflammatory reactions and calcifications of decidua basalis of rat placenta.
Vacuum energy of two-dimensional N=(2,2) super Yang-Mills theory

We measure the vacuum energy of two-dimensional N=(2,2) super Yang-Mills theory using lattice simulation. The obtained vacuum energy density is E{sub 0}=0.09(9)((+10/-8))g{sup 2}, where the first error is the systematic and the second is the statistical one, measured in the dimensionful gauge coupling g which governs the scale of the system. The result is consistent with unbroken supersymmetry, although we cannot exclude a possible very small nonzero vacuum energy.
Learning Ordinary Differential Equations with the Line Integral Loss Function

A new training method for learning representations of dynamical systems with 1 neural networks is derived using a loss function based on line integrals from vec-2 tor calculus. The new training method is shown to learn the direction part of an 3 ODE vector field with more accuracy and faster convergence compared to tradi-4 tional methods. The learned direction can then be combined with another model 5 that learns the magnitude explicitly to decouple the learning process of an ODE 6 into two separate easier problems. It can also be used as a feature generator for 7 time-series classification problems, performing well on motion classification of 8 dynamical systems. The new method does however have multiple limitations that 9 overall make the method less generalizable and only suited for some specific type 10 of problems. 11
Electoral Candidate Debates for Policy Learning in Large First-Year Classes

Abstract The benefits of experiential learning are well-documented, but large course enrollment can be seen as a barrier to providing meaningful experiential learning experiences. Political science literature on experiential learning in large undergraduate classes has prioritized simulations of political processes over direct student engagement in actual political processes. This multiple case study analyzes two in-class electoral candidate debates, one municipal and one federal, organized in a 300-student introductory social welfare course. Detailing the tensions inherent to organizing for maximum student engagement, and drawing on qualitative data from 73 student reflections, we found that in-class electoral candidate debates are feasible and effective as an experiential civic education activity. Though preparation work was complex and substantial, in-class candidate debates resulted in a rich learning foundation for the whole course. Key components for effective learning included student generated topics and questions and a wide range of candidates. Debriefing was also essential given the varied levels of prior knowledge inevitable in large classes. This paper extends the literature on teaching in the large policy classroom to a promising new experiential learning activity. It provides useful guidance for others who wish to harness the benefits of experiential civic education in large classes.
Synthesis of switched linear systems

This paper treats the following synthesis problem: given a switched linear system, how should the linear vector fields be selected among the possible ones such that the switched system becomes (exponentially) stable? In this paper, this synthesis problem is constructively formulated as a bilinear matrix inequality problem. The starting point for the design is existing stability conditions for switched and hybrid systems using multiple quadratic Lyapunov functions, one for each linear vector field. Using such a general piecewise quadratic Lyapunov function structure, a stabilizing controller is synthesized for a broader class of switched systems than earlier proposed in the literature. One example is given to illustrate the synthesis procedure.
Improvement of the Aerosol Forecast and Analysis Over East Asia With Joint Assimilation of Two Geostationary Satellite Observations

Here we present the first simultaneous assimilation of aerosol optical thicknesses (AOTs) over East Asia retrieved from two next‐generation geostationary satellites named Fengyun‐4A (FY‐4A) and Himawari‐8 with an advanced data assimilation system. A new stringent data‐control method is proposed to assimilate only the high quality aerosol products of FY‐4A. The AOTs retrieved from the two geostationary satellites are both comparable to the ground‐based observations over East Asia, and the FY‐4A provides twice the number of the Himawari‐8 AOT retrievals. Validations with independent observations demonstrate the joint assimilation significantly improve the aerosol analysis and forecast skill over East Asia especially in South China, reducing the model biases of 70% and 40%. The aerosol model performances at 95% independent 61 ground‐based sites are more benefited from joint assimilation than single‐sensor assimilation. This demonstrates the high impact and innovative application of joint assimilation technique in the air quality modeling.
Planckian dissipation, minimal viscosity and the transport in cuprate strange metals

Could it be that the matter formed from the electrons in high Tc superconductors is of a radically new kind that may be called "many body entangled compressible quantum matter"? Much of this text is intended as an easy to read tutorial, explaining recent theoretical advances that have been unfolding at the cross roads of condensed matter- and string theory, black hole physics as well as quantum information theory. These developments suggest that the physics of such matter may be governed by surprisingly simple principles. My real objective is to present an experimental strategy to test critically whether these principles are actually at work, revolving around the famous linear resistivity characterizing the strange metal phase. The theory suggests a very simple explanation of this "unreasonably simple" behavior that is actually directly linked to remarkable results from the study of the quark gluon plasma formed at the heavy ion colliders: the "fast hydrodynamization" and the "minimal viscosity". This leads to high quality predictions for experiment: the momentum relaxation rate governing the resistivity relates directly to the electronic entropy, while at low temperatures the electron fluid should become unviscous to a degree that turbulent flows can develop even on the nanometre scale.