Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Slow viscous flow of a stratified fluid past a finite flat plate

The problem considered is that of the slow flow of a viscous linearly stratified fluid past a finite flat plate alined with the mainstream. Inertia forces are neglected, and a solution is obtained of the resulting linear equation representing a balance between viscous and buoyancy forces when the ratio of the Reynolds number to the square of the Froude number is large. Expansions for the skin friction valid in the neighbourhoods of the leading and trailing edges are presented, together with a discussion of the decay of the velocity in the upstream wake to its mainstream value. For the velocity defect on the axis of this wake good agreement with experiment is found.
Fuzzy Adaptive Control for Vehicular Platoons With Constraints and Unknown Dead-Zone Input

In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy control problem is studied for a connected automated vehicles platoon subject to unknown dead-zone input and constraints. To better handle the unknown nonlinear dynamical functions and disturbances, the nonlinear dynamics model is transformed to a new model. Then, the fuzzy logic system (FLS) is used to identify the unknown nonlinear functions. A dead-zone inverse technique is introduced to eliminate the negative effects of the unknown dead-zone input nonlinearity. In the framework of backstepping, the tangent barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is introduced in this paper, and a distributed adaptive fuzzy control scheme is designed so that the position, velocity and acceleration of the vehicle platoon do not violate the given constrained boundaries. Finally, based on the Lyapunov stability theory, it is noted that all signals in the closed-loop system are bounded and the tracking errors converge to a small neighborhood of the origin. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by simulation results.
Particle Size Distribution and Predicted Lipid Bioaccessibility of Almonds and the Effect of Almond Processing: A Randomised Mastication Study in Healthy Adults

Almonds are rich in unsaturated lipids, which play a role in some of the reported benefits of almond consumption for human health. Almond lipids are poorly bioaccessible due to almonds’ unique physicochemical properties that influence particle size distribution (PSD) following mastication, allowing much intracellular lipid to escape digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract. To investigate the impact of commercial processing (grinding almonds into flour), on PSD and predicted lipid bioaccessibility following mastication, a randomised cross-over design mastication study was conducted in healthy adults. The PSDs of masticated whole and ground almonds was assessed using two laboratory methods (mechanical sieving and laser diffraction). PSD from mechanical sieving was used to calculate lipid bioaccessibility using a theoretical mathematical model. Thirty-one healthy adults (18–45 years) completed both mastication sessions. Following mastication, ground almonds had a PSD with significantly fewer larger particles and more smaller particles, compared with whole almonds. Predicted lipid bioaccessibility of masticated ground almonds (10.4%, SD 1.8) was marginally but significantly greater than the predicted lipid bioaccessibility of masticated whole almonds (9.3%, SD 2.0; p = 0.017). Commercial grinding of almonds significantly influences the PSD of almonds following mastication, which results in a modest but significant increase in predicted lipid bioaccessibility.
Explosions in completely unstable flows. I. Preventing explosions

ABsTRAcr. Several conditions are equivalent to the property that a flow (on an open manifold) and its CO perturbations have only wandering points. These conditions are: (i) there exists a strong Liapunov function; (ii) there are no generalized recurrent points in the sense of Auslander; (iii) there are no chain recurrent points, in the sense of Conley; (iv) there exists a fine sequence of filtrations; (v) relative to some metric; the flow is the gradient flow of a function without critical points. We establish these equivalences, and consider a few questions related to structural stability when all orbits wander.
Calculation of thermal emissivity for thin films by a direct method

The emissivity variation of a body, according to the modifications of its surface, has been described by two kinds of arguments. A direct argument consists in adding the energy, leaving each element of volume $dV,$ considered as independent and incoherent Planckian radiators, weighted by its transmissions and its possible reflections. An indirect argument consists in assuming the validity of Kirchhoff's law. The emissivity is then deduced from the absorption coefficient calculated by using a huge collection of theoretical means. However, in the case of very thin films deposited on a substrate, the emissivity calculated according to their thickness does not give the same results, depending on the argument used. As a matter of fact, up to now the direct argument did not allow a description of interferential phenomena. Such phenomena are still observed when the film thickness is lower than, or of the same order of magnitude as the wavelength of the radiation concerned. On the other hand, the use of Kirchhoff's law requires delicate handling in the case of mesoscopical structure materials. Besides, the indirect method leads to an argument by default, which occults a part of the physics implied. Here, a direct model is proposed, only based on emission phenomena. This direct theory allows a description of the interferential behavior in thermal radiation, by taking into account the self-coherence of the emitted waves, in contrast to the previous direct approach. It is shown that this approach accounts for the experimental behavior of growing thin films.
Identification of spatially corresponding imagery using content-based image retrieval in the context of UAS video exploitation

For many tasks in the fields of reconnaissance and surveillance it is important to know the spatial location represented by the imagery to be exploited. A task involving the assessment of changes, e.g. the appearance or disappearance of an object of interest at a certain location, can typically not be accomplished without spatial location information associated with the imagery. Often, such georeferenced imagery is stored in an archive enabling the user to query for the data with respect to its spatial location. Thus, the user is able to effectively find spatially corresponding imagery to be used for change detection tasks. In the field of exploitation of video taken from unmanned aerial systems (UAS), spatial location data is usually acquired using a GPS receiver, together with an INS device providing the sensor orientation, both integrated in the UAS. If during a flight valid GPS data becomes unavailable for a period of time, e.g. due to sensor malfunction, transmission problems or jamming, the imagery gathered during that time is not applicable for change detection tasks based merely on its georeference. Furthermore, GPS and INS inaccuracy together with a potentially poor knowledge of ground elevation can also render location information inapplicable. On the other hand, change detection tasks can be hard to accomplish even if imagery is well georeferenced as a result of occlusions within the imagery, due to e.g. clouds or fog, or image artefacts, due to e.g. transmission problems. In these cases a merely georeference based approach to find spatially corresponding imagery can also be inapplicable. In this paper, we present a search method based on the content of the images to find imagery spatially corresponding to given imagery independent from georeference quality. Using methods from content-based image retrieval, we build an image database which allows for querying even large imagery archives efficiently. We further evaluate the benefits of this method in the context of a video exploitation workflow on the basis of its integration into our video archive system.
Quantifying global carbon dioxide removal deployment

Despite the importance of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) in most climate change mitigation scenarios that limit warming to well below 2 °C, the study of CDR is still a nascent field with basic questions to be resolved. Crucially, it is not known how much CDR is currently deployed at a global scale, nor how that compares to mitigation scenario estimates. Here, we address this problem by developing an estimate of global current CDR activity. We draw on national greenhouse gas inventory data combined with CDR registries and commercial databases to estimate that global anthropogenic activity presently generates ∼1985 MtCO2yr−1 of atmospheric removals. Almost all of these—1983 MtCO2yr−1—are removals from land-use, land-use change and forestry. Non-land-management CDR projects such as bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, direct air capture with carbon capture and storage and biochar remove only about 2 MtCO2yr−1. We compare this estimate with Shared Socioeconomic Pathways projections of CDR deployed in ‘well-below 2°C’ mitigation pathways. In so doing we demonstrate current CDR deployment would need to grow exponentially to keep the world aligned with most ‘well-below 2°C’ scenarios, which see CDR deployment growing between 75% and 100% per year between 2020 and 2030, adding ∼300–2500 MtCO2 in total CDR capacity. To conclude we discuss uncertainties related to our estimates, and suggest priorities for the future collection and management of CDR data, particularly related to the role of the land sink in generating CDR.
The dynamics of the outer regions of the Coma cluster

We apply the spherical infall model to compare the observed distribution of radial velocities of galaxies around Coma with predictions that are based on optical and X-ray overdensity profiles. Two optically selected galaxy catalogues, the CfA redshift survey and a UKST plate scanned with the APM, are used to determine the over-density profile of the cluster. The two sets of predicted caustics in the angular separation-redshift diagram are compared with a radial velocity catalogue which we have extended significantly in the range between 1° and 4° from the centre of the Coma cluster. In total, we have measured 98 new redshifts. Despite almost doubling the number of radial velocities in this interval, we fail to find the caustics with any degree of certainty
Investigation of Platelet Apoptosis in Patients after Surgical Myocardial Revascularization

Platelets are one of the main participants in vascular accidents in cases of coronary heart disease (CHD). In this study, we sought to detect platelet apoptosis in patients with coronary artery disease who underwent scheduled myocardial revascularization surgery. To identify apoptotic events, we analyzed phosphatidylserine (PS) expression on the surface of platelets and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) by flow cytometry in two groups of 30 patients aged 45–60 years: Group 1—patients before myocardial revascularization surgery and group 2—patients after myocardial revascularization surgery. The control group consisted of 10 healthy volunteers aged 45–60 years. According to our data, the percentage levels of PS expression in patients greatly decreased after surgery. We confirmed platelet apoptosis by recording depolarization of ΔΨm in pre- and postoperative patients. ΔΨm readings were considerably improved after surgery. Our data indicated that the functional parameters of platelets in patients with coronary heart disease differed from the characteristics of platelets in patients who underwent myocardial revascularization, and from those of patients in a control group. Future studies of platelet phenotypic characteristics and platelet apoptosis biomarkers should greatly advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of coronary heart disease, and further promote the development of methods for predicting adverse outcomes after surgery.
Natural Organic Materials Based Memristors and Transistors for Artificial Synaptic Devices in Sustainable Neuromorphic Computing Systems

Natural organic materials such as protein and carbohydrates are abundant in nature, renewable, and biodegradable, desirable for the construction of artificial synaptic devices for emerging neuromorphic computing systems with energy efficient operation and environmentally friendly disposal. These artificial synaptic devices are based on memristors or transistors with the memristive layer or gate dielectric formed by natural organic materials. The fundamental requirement for these synaptic devices is the ability to mimic the memory and learning behaviors of biological synapses. This paper reviews the synaptic functions emulated by a variety of artificial synaptic devices based on natural organic materials and provides a useful guidance for testing and investigating more of such devices.
Problem-focused Coping, Avoidance Coping and Emotional Coping: Coping Strategies for Daily Stressors Among Operational and Non-operational Rescue Workers in Punjab, Pakistan

Rescue workers are liable for responding to natural and man-made emergencies in the day-to-day routine. Operational rescue workers have to face extended duty hours, harsh behavior of crowds at the incident places, and less leisure time for themselves and their family members. In contrast, non-operational workers do not directly respond to emergencies. So, this study aimed to determine how operational and non-operational rescue workers cope with daily stressors. Furthermore, the study also aimed to test the correlation between different coping strategies among rescuers. For this purpose, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using cluster sampling techniques among 199 rescuers from nine districts in Punjab, Pakistan. Data was collected using the Brief COPE scale (Carver, 1997) and analyzed using correlation and t-test. Results of this study show that the mean scores of non-operational and operational rescue workers are significantly different from each other on "Problem-focused Coping," "Emotional Coping," and "Avoidance Coping. " Likewise, "Problem-focused Coping" is negatively correlated to "Emotional Coping" and "Avoidance Coping. " The study concludes that rescue workers who have "Problem-focused Coping" strategies are less likely to use "Emotional Coping" and "Avoidance Coping" strategies. Moreover, operational rescuers are less likely to use "Problem-focused Coping" and more likely to use "Emotional Coping" and "Avoidance Coping" strategies; however, non-operational rescue workers use coping strategies in vice versa.
Real-time and low-cost biosensors based on photonic bandgap structures

We discuss the development of label-free, real-time and low-cost biosensors based on planar photonic bandgap (PBG) structures. We propose a novel power-based readout technique where the PBG shift is indirectly tracked by simply exciting the photonic sensing structure with a filtered broadband source and measuring the output power with a power meter. Therefore, the use of either tunable lasers or spectrum analyzers to continuously acquire the transmission spectrum of the structure, as done for other spectrum-based sensing techniques, is avoided. We have used this technique both for the sensing of refractive index variations as well as for the label-free detection of antibodies, showing high sensitivities and low detection limits, which demonstrate its high potential for the development of label-free, real-time and low-cost photonic biosensors. Furthermore, the use of broadband sources and detectors for the readout of the photonic sensors will also allow their integration, thus achieving a completely electrically accessed photonic biosensing device.
Sustainable jute fiber reinforced polylactic acid composite: Thermochemical and thermomechanical characteristics

The necessity of utilizing biodegradable and naturally sourced materials is rising all over the world. The preferred composite today are mostly sustainable but compatibility issues between the matrix and fiber still requires further investigation. The study presents development of Jute fiber (JF) reinforced Polylactic acid (PLA) composite with Fusabond (FB) as an interfacial modifier by using extrusion. The addition of interfacial modifier enhanced the thermomechanical and thermochemical properties of resultant composite. The improvement in elastic modulus and tensile strength is evident when 30%JF with 3%FB was utilized. The DMA result shows that the addition of Fusabond as interfacial modifier in jute fiber reinforced polylactic acid composite improves the storage modulus and enhances the toughness by reducing tanδ peak. Furthermore, SEM micrograph demonstrates the improvement in interfacial suitability between jute fiber and polylactic acid matrix when Fusabond is added. The X-ray tomography result shows when jute fiber content is 30% in PLA matrix higher degree of anisotropy is achieved which is 29%.
Strong Solutions of Stochastic Differential Equations with Boundary Conditions

The class B of strong solutions of the boundary problem for a stochastic differential equation with given drift and diffusion coefficients implies here a class of all continuous processes having the given stochastic differential within the interval [y 1,y 2] and not leaving it. It is shown that the class B can be characterized as a class of all solutions of some stochastic integral equation. The instantly reflecting process (IRP) in A. Skorokhod's sense is proved to be the extremal (with respect to some ordering) element of this class and in the case when the drift and diffusion coefficients satisfy the Lipschitz condition it can be constructed by the method of successive approximations. The convergence of discrete approximations, which are constructed by the natural analogy of Euler's formula to the IRP, is studied.
Impacts of urbanization on air quality and the related health risks in a city with complex terrain

Abstract. Urbanization affects air pollutants via urban expansion and emission growth, thereby inevitably changing the health risks involved with air pollutants. However, the health risks related to urbanization are rarely estimated, especially for cities with complex terrain. In this study, a highly urbanized city with severe air pollution and complex terrain (Chengdu) is selected to explore this issue. The effects of urban expansion are further compared with emission growth because air quality management is usually achieved by regulating anthropogenic emissions. Air pollution in Chengdu was mainly caused by PM2.5 and O3 from 2015 to 2021. PM2.5 pollution tended to appear in cold months (November to February) owing to the blocking of air and the stable atmospheric layer, whereas O3 pollution was likely to occur in warm months (April to August) that experience high-temperature and strong-sunlight conditions and are dominated by high-pressure systems. From 2015 to 2021, the 7-year annual average of premature mortality from all non-accidental causes (ANACs) due to PM2.5 and O3 was 9386 (95 % confidence interval (CI) of 6542–11 726) and 8506 (95 % CI of 4817–11 882), respectively. Based on the characteristics of PM2.5 and O3, six numerical experiments were conducted to investigate the impacts of urban expansion and emission growth on the health risks related to air pollutants. The results show that urban land use led to an increase in the air temperature and boundary layer height compared with cropland, which was conducive to the diffusion of PM2.5. Thus, the monthly average surface PM2.5 concentrations decreased by 10.8 µg m−3 (7.6 %) in January. However, the monthly average daily maximum 8 h average (MDA8) O3 concentrations increased by 10.6 µg m−3 (6.0 %) in July owing to the stronger photochemical production and better vertical mixing during daytime. In this case, premature mortality from ANACs due to PM2.5 decreased by 171 (95 % CI of 129–200, or about 6.9 %) in January, and that due to O3 increased by 203 (95 % CI of 122–268, or about 9.5 %) in July. As for the effects of emission growth, the monthly average PM2.5 and MDA8 O3 concentrations increased by 23.9 (16.8 %) and 4.8 µg m−3 (2.7 %), respectively, when anthropogenic emissions were taken into account. Premature mortality from ANACs due to PM2.5 and O3 then increased by 388 (95 % CI of 291–456, or about 15.7 %) and 87 (95 % CI of 54–112, or about 4.1 %), respectively. From a health risk perspective, the effects of urban land use on the health risks related to PM2.5 are about half that of anthropogenic emissions, whereas the effects of urban land use on the health risks related to O3 can be 2 times that of anthropogenic emissions. This emphasizes that, in addition to regulating anthropogenic emissions, urban planning is also important for urban air quality, especially for secondary pollutants like O3.
Relationship between chronotypes, personality traits, and phubbing levels in university students

ABSTRACT Excessive or abusive use of smartphones, which is related to personality traits, has led to the emergence of phubbing, which is becoming a very widespread problem. Excessive use of smartphones also affects sleep patterns. In this context, the concept of chronotype, which is closely related to sleep, becomes prominent. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the relationship between chronotypes, personality traits, and phubbing levels of students studying in the field of health. 732 students participated in the study, which was planned using a correlational research design. Data were collected using a demographic form, the phubbing scale, the big five personality traits scale, and the composite scale of morningness (CSM). Descriptive statistical analyses, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data. As a result, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Morningness/Eveningness were significant predictors of phubbing. Other variables, on the other hand, were not found to be significant predictors of phubbing. Among the student participants in the study the phubbing level was high for those who were evening- and neither chronotype, who were not agreeable and conscientious, and who had neurotic personality traits.
Convergent transfer schemes for $N$-person games

Introduction. The object of this paper is to describe a transfer scheme that converges to the kernel of a game and another scheme that converges to the bargaining set. Both the bargaining set and the kernel can be described as payoff vectors in which every objection (appropriately defined for each case) by one player against another player has a counter-objection. If, for a given payoff vector, a player i can sustain an objection against another playerj, a reasonable negotiation step might be for j to transfer enough of his payoff to i so that i can no longer sustain his objection. This results in a new payoff vector subject to further negotiation. We will show that any infinite sequence of such transfers causes the payoff vector to converge to a vector in the appropriate bargaining set provided only that maximal transfers are frequently made. Thus negotiation can approach the bargaining set without the players solving the defining conjunctive-disjunctive system of linear inequalities. Also, this scheme can be used as a computational technique to find one and possibly more bargaining points. The desired convergence is established by proving the convergence of a general transfer scheme of which the kernel and bargaining set schemes are special cases. For the purpose of this paper, a game is given by an ordered pair (N, v) where N is an n-element set of players and v, the characteristic function, is a zero-one normalized set function over the subsets of N (i.e. v satisfies v({i}) = 0 for all i in N and v(N)= 1). Let E be the space of real n-vectors indexed by N and let A be the set of all group and individually rational payoff vectors. Under the zero-one normalization, A is the set of x in E such that