Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Futibatinib for FGFR2-Rearranged Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND Alterations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) have emerged as promising drug targets for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, a rare cancer with a poor prognosis. Futibatinib, a next-generation, covalently binding FGFR1-4 inhibitor, has been shown to have both antitumor activity in patients with FGFR-altered tumors and strong preclinical activity against acquired resistance mutations associated with ATP-competitive FGFR inhibitors. METHODS In this multinational, open-label, single-group, phase 2 study, we enrolled patients with unresectable or metastatic FGFR2 fusion-positive or FGFR2 rearrangement-positive intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and disease progression after one or more previous lines of systemic therapy (excluding FGFR inhibitors). The patients received oral futibatinib at a dose of 20 mg once daily in a continuous regimen. The primary end point was objective response (partial or complete response), as assessed by independent central review. Secondary end points included the response duration, progression-free and overall survival, safety, and patient-reported outcomes. RESULTS Between April 16, 2018, and November 29, 2019, a total of 103 patients were enrolled and received futibatinib. A total of 43 of 103 patients (42%; 95% confidence interval, 32 to 52) had a response, and the median duration of response was 9.7 months. Responses were consistent across patient subgroups, including patients with heavily pretreated disease, older adults, and patients who had co-occurring TP53 mutations. At a median follow-up of 17.1 months, the median progression-free survival was 9.0 months and overall survival was 21.7 months. Common treatment-related grade 3 adverse events were hyperphosphatemia (in 30% of the patients), an increased aspartate aminotransferase level (in 7%), stomatitis (in 6%), and fatigue (in 6%). Treatment-related adverse events led to permanent discontinuation of futibatinib in 2% of the patients. No treatment-related deaths occurred. Quality of life was maintained throughout treatment. CONCLUSIONS In previously treated patients with FGFR2 fusion or rearrangement-positive intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, the use of futibatinib, a covalent FGFR inhibitor, led to measurable clinical benefit. (Funded by Taiho Oncology and Taiho Pharmaceutical; FOENIX-CCA2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02052778.).
SAR image denoising in nonsubsampled contourlet transform domain based on maximum a posteriori and non-local constraint

An approach of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image denoising in nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) domain based on maximum a posteriori (MAP) and non-local (N-L) constraint is proposed. SAR image is firstly modelled by a nonlogarithmic additive model for modelling of the speckle in NSCT domain. Then, coefficients of real signals are obtained in the NSCT domain with MAP adaptive shrinkage. As it tends to eliminate too many coefficients that contain useful information by shrinkage, the N-L constraint is introduced to smooth the coefficients left in each subband, for each pixel in the subbands of NSCT corresponding to those in the same location of the original image. Experiments show that the proposed approach is effective in SAR image denoising and texture preserving, in comparison with some traditional algorithms.
Has the degree of outcome reporting bias in surgical randomized trials changed? A meta‐regression analysis

Outcome reporting bias in individual trials can compromise the validity of pooled estimates within systematic reviews. Recent strategies have attempted to address outcome reporting bias, which favours the full reporting of statistically significant outcomes over non‐significant outcomes. We examined whether the association between full outcome reporting and statistical significance in surgical trials has changed from 2009 to 2019.
Spontaneous cortical dynamics from the first years to the golden years

Significance Resting-state neuroimaging techniques provide a unique opportunity to image the human brain in populations who may have difficulty performing cognitive tasks in the scanner. This includes clinical populations, young children, and older adults. In the largest MEG resting-state study to date, we address limitations in the current resting-state M/EEG literature, including the focus on narrow developmental windows, coarse spatial specificity, and limited use of absolute and relative power maps together, especially in spatially resolved electrophysiological studies. Our findings provide groundbreaking evidence that sex differences are often obscured by the use of relative versus absolute power maps and more broadly establish normative trajectories of the resting-state brain by illuminating age- and sex-related trends across the lifespan.
GWAS quality score for evaluating associated regions in GWAS analyses

Abstract Motivation The number of significantly associated regions reported in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for polygenic traits typically increases with sample size. A traditional tool for quality control and identification of significant regions has been a visual inspection of how significant and correlated genetic variants cluster within a region. However, while inspecting hundreds of regions, this subjective method can misattribute significance to some loci or neglect others that are significant. Results The GWAS quality score (GQS) identifies suspicious regions and prevents erroneous interpretations with an objective, quantitative and automated method. The GQS assesses all measured single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are linked by inheritance to each other [linkage disequilibrium (LD)] and compares the significance of trait association of each SNP to its LD value for the reported index SNP. A GQS value of 1.0 ascribes a high level of confidence to the entire region and its underlying gene(s), while GQS values <1.0 indicate the need to closely inspect the outliers. We applied the GQS to published and non-published genome-wide summary statistics and report suspicious regions requiring secondary inspection while supporting the majority of reported regions from large-scale published meta-analyses. Availability and implementation The GQS code/scripts can be cloned from GitHub (https://github.com/Xswapnil/GQS/). The analyst can use whole-genome summary statistics to estimate GQS for each defined region. We also provide an online tool (http://35.227.18.38/) that gives access to the GQS. The quantitative measure of quality attributes by GQS and its visualization is an objective method that enhances the confidence of each genomic hit. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Direct Band Gap AlGaAs Wurtzite Nanowires.

Wurtzite AlGaAs is a technologically promising yet unexplored material. Here we study it both experimentally and numerically. We develop a complete numerical model based on an 8-band k→·p→ method, including electromechanical fields, and calculate the optoelectronic properties of wurtzite AlGaAs nanowires with different Al content. We then compare them with our experimental data. Our results strongly suggest that wurtzite AlGaAs is a direct band gap material. Moreover, we have also numerically obtained the band gap of wurtzite AlAs and the valence band offset between AlAs and GaAs in the wurtzite symmetry.
Microroughness measurements and EUV calibration of the solar ultraviolet imager multilayer-coated mirrors

The Solar Ultraviolet Imager (SUVI) is one of several instruments that will fly on board the next generation of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) -R and -S platforms, as part of NOAA's space weather monitoring fleet. SUVI is a Generalized Cassegrain telescope that employs multilayer-coated optics that operate in six extreme ultraviolet (EUV) narrow bandpasses centered at 93.9, 131.2, 171.1, 195.1, 284.2 and 303.8 Å. Once operational, over the mission lifetime expected to last up to 10 years, SUVI will record full disk, EUV spectroheliograms every few minutes, where this data will be used to better understand the effects of solar produced EUV radiation on Earth and the near-Earth environment. The material presented herein will touch upon general aspects of the SUVI optical design, as well as the fabrication, super polishing and metrology of the fabricated mirrors, including measured EUV spectral performance.
Picosecond Magnetization Dynamics of Single-Crystal Fe $_{3}$ O $_{4}$ Thin Films

The time-resolved magnetization dynamics of epitaxial Fe 3O 4 ultra-thin films grown on GaAs were investigated for the first time using a field pumped TRMOKE (time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect) setup. The dynamic response of the sample to the field pulse was measured for different DC bias fields applied along two orthogonal crystalline directions for 3 and 6 nm films. The results show a heavily damped precessional response to the applied field pulses. By fitting the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation to the data the temporal evolution of the magnetisation can be reproduced and the damping constant determined to be around 0.1.
Low-crosstalk multicore fibers for long-haul transmission

The limitations of crosstalk and core-to-core distance in step-index multi-core fibers (SI-MCFs) are clarified for long-haul transmission, and the low-crosstalk MCF structures of trench-assisted MCFs (TA-MCFs) are investigated for realizing large effective area (Aeff) and high core density, simultaneously, with a limited cladding diameter. It is shown that the crosstalk between neighboring cores in TA-MCFs can be greatly suppressed even if the Aeff and the cutoff wavelength are fixed compared with SI-MCFs. In addition, the possibility of MCFs with heterogeneous core arrangement is considered for transmission fibers and low-crosstalk heterogeneous MCFs with bending radius insensitive characteristics are investigated.
A new model reference adaptive control structure for uncertain switched systems with unmodeled input dynamics

In this paper, a new model reference adaptive controller (MRAC) for uncertain switched linear systems is developed. A class of uncertain switched linear systems with parametric mismatched and input matched uncertainties, control input effectiveness and unmodeled dynamics is studied in this paper. The difference in input matrix for different switching modes which means the input channel degradation is investigated through this paper. By using common Lyapunov function method and developing new linear matrix inequality based sufficient conditions, uniform ultimate boundedness of the reference tracking error is guaranteed by switched MRAC and by using a novel nonlinear controller term, the size of the uniform ultimate bounded region can be made arbitrarily small which could enhance the performance of the overall control structure. Modified versions of MRAC systems using low-frequency learning adaptation MRAC is also used for better transient performance at switching instants. An illustrative numerical example demonstrates the performance of the proposed approach. Results also show that for the cases without parametric uncertainty in the linear part, asymptotic stability of the reference tracking error is guaranteed.
Inhibition of influenza A virus replication by a marine derived quinolone alkaloid targeting virus nucleoprotein

Owing to the emergence of drug resistance and high morbidity and mortality, the need for novel anti‐influenza A virus (IAV) drugs with divergent targets is highly sought after. Herein, a novel quinolone alkaloid (QLA) derived from marine fungus was discovered with broad‐spectrum anti‐IAV activities with low toxicity. Distinct from current anti‐IAV drugs, QLA may block virus replication and viral RNA (vRNA) export from the nucleus by targeting virus nucleoprotein (NP). QLA can block the binding of chromosome region maintenance 1 to nuclear export signal 3 of NP to inhibit the nuclear export of NP and vRNP. QLA may also affect vRNP assembly by interfering with the binding of NP to RNA rather than NP oligomerization. Arg305 and Phe488‐Gly490 may be required for the interaction between QLA and NP, and the binding pocket around these amino acids may be a promising target for anti‐IAV drugs. Importantly, oral administration of QLA can protect the mice against IAV‐induced death and weight loss, superior to the effects of the clinical drug oseltamivir. In summary, the marine derived compound QLA has the potential to be developed into a novel anti‐IAV agent targeting virus NP protein in the future.
Complex early childhood experiences: Characteristics of Northern Territory children across health, education and child protection data

Early identification of vulnerable children to protect them from harm and support them in achieving their long-term potential is a community priority. This is particularly important in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia, where Aboriginal children are about 40% of all children, and for whom the trauma and disadvantage experienced by Aboriginal Australians has ongoing intergenerational impacts. Given that shared social determinants influence child outcomes across the domains of health, education and welfare, there is growing interest in collaborative interventions that simultaneously respond to outcomes in all domains. There is increasing recognition that many children receive services from multiple NT government agencies, however there is limited understanding of the pattern and scale of overlap of these services. In this paper, NT health, education, child protection and perinatal datasets have been linked for the first time. The records of 8,267 children born in the NT in 2006–2009 were analysed using a person-centred analytic approach. Unsupervised machine learning techniques were used to discover clusters of NT children who experience different patterns of risk. Modelling revealed four or five distinct clusters including a cluster of children who are predominantly ill and experience some neglect, a cluster who predominantly experience abuse and a cluster who predominantly experience neglect. These three, high risk clusters all have low school attendance and together comprise 10–15% of the population. There is a large group of thriving children, with low health needs, high school attendance and low CPS contact. Finally, an unexpected cluster is a modestly sized group of non-attendees, mostly Aboriginal children, who have low school attendance but are otherwise thriving. The high risk groups experience vulnerability in all three domains of health, education and child protection, supporting the need for a flexible, rather than strictly differentiated response. Interagency cooperation would be valuable to provide a suitably collective and coordinated response for the most vulnerable children.
Association Between Frailty, 30-day Unplanned Readmission and Mortality After Hospitalization for Heart Failure: Results From the Nationwide Readmissions Database

Objectives: This study examined how frailty in traditional risk-adjusted models could improve the predictability of unplanned 30-day readmission and mortality among heart failure patients. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of Nationwide Readmissions Database data collected during the years 2010–2018. All patients ≥65 years who had a principal diagnosis of heart failure were included in the analysis. The Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups frailty-defining diagnosis indicator was used to identify frail patients. Results: There was a total of 819,854 patients admitted for heart failure during the study period. Among them, 63,302 (7.7%) were frail. In the regression analysis, the risk of all-cause 30-day readmission (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.14–1.22) and in-hospital mortality (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.40–1.66) were higher in patients with frailty. Discussion: Inclusion of frailty in comorbidity-based risk-prediction models significantly improved the predictability of unplanned 30-day readmission and in-hospital mortality.
Allometric relationships between leaf and petiole traits across 31 floating-leaved plants reveal a different adaptation pattern from terrestrial plants

Abstract Background and Aims Allometric scaling between stomata and xylem for terrestrial woody plants is a widely observed pattern that may be constrained by water transport. Floating-leaved plants, a particular life form of aquatic plants, have leaves in direct contact with both air and water and a poorly developed xylem that may not be limited by water supply as for terrestrial plants. However, whether such an allometric scaling relationship still exists in floating-leaved plants has not been explored. Methods We analysed 31 floating-leaved species/varieties with a range in leaf area covering six orders of magnitude. For all 31 floating-leaved plants, we studied the allometric relationships between leaf area and petiole transverse area, and between total stomatal area and petiole vascular area. Key Results The slopes of both relationships were similar to the slope of the allometric relationship (1.23) between total stomatal area and xylem area of 53 terrestrial plants. However, for ten of them with xylem that can be clearly defined, the strong positive relationship between total stomatal area and petiole xylem area had a significantly smaller slope than that of terrestrial plants (0.64 vs. 1.23). Furthermore, after considering phylogeny, the scaling relationships between total stomatal area and petiole traits in floating-leaved plants remained significant. Conclusions We speculated that for floating-leaved plants, the hyperallometric relationship (slope >1) between the construction of leaf/stoma and petiole was promoted by the high demand for photosynthesis and thus more leaves/stomata. While the hypoallometric relationship (slope <1) between stomatal and xylem area was related more to hydraulic processes, the selection pressure on stomata was lower than xylem of floating-leaved plants. Allometric relationships among the hydraulic traits on water transport of aquatic plants are the result of natural selection to achieve maximum carbon gain, which is similar to terrestrial plants.
An optimized method for neutron dose evaluation based on 24Na activity distribution in the human body

The neutron dose resulting from external irradiation can be evaluated by measuring the counts of characteristic γ rays produced by 24Na in the human body. The detection geometry with the highest detection efficiency for measuring the whole-body 24Na activity has not been studied. In this work, the MCNP code is used to calculate the spatial distribution of 24Na in the human body irradiated by neutrons with different energies in different irradiation geometries. The fluence distribution of 24Na characteristic γ rays on the body surface is calculated. The counts of 24Na characteristic γ rays induced by monochromatic neutron irradiation are simulated to fit the scenarios of neutron irradiation by a continuous energy spectrum neutron. When the spontaneous neutrons from 252Cf with 1Gy dose irradiate the human body, (3.63–4.35) × 1010 24Na atoms are produced. The lower detection limit for the neutron absorption dose is reduced from ∼100 to less than 1 mGy when the radiation detector is placed over the back of the human body close to the liver. The relative error between the measured counts of 24Na characteristic γ rays caused by 252Cf neutron irradiation and the counts fitted by monochromatic neutron irradiation data is less than 5.7%. The neutron dose received from a continuous energy spectrum neutron can be acquired quickly and accurately by weighted summing of the data for monochromatic neutron irradiations calculated in this paper, which is more convenient and practical than the previous method.
Stigma Communication Surrounding Nonmedical Opioid Use Among Affected Family Members.

A growing body of research demonstrates the role of language in stigma toward nonmedical opioid use (NMOU). Terms like "substance abuser" perpetuate stereotypes and evoke punitive judgments. This study examines how affected family members (AFMs) communicate stigma when discussing their loved one's NMOU. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 34 adults with a close family member with a history of NMOU. An iterative approach was used to analyze instances when stigmatizing terms or messages were used. AFMs described people engaged in NMOU as underweight, "dirty," or "nodding off," and often labeled these individuals "addicts" or opioid "abusers. " Responsibility for the NMOU was attributed to both internal (e.g. choice) and external (e.g. brain disease) factors. People engaged in NMOU were linked to physical danger, resource threats, and threats to the family members' reputation and relationships. While most stigma messages related to the person engaged in NMOU, stigmatizing messages directed toward AFMs also emerged; family members labeled "enablers" were judged, blamed, and described as a threat to the person engaged in NMOU. Although AFMs expressed care and desire to support their loved ones, they often conveyed stigma in their language choices. This language among AFMs may reflect internalized stigma. Increased efforts are needed to help AFMs cope with the challenges of a loved one's NMOU and identify effective ways to support their loved one. One way AFMs can support their loved one is by using more inclusive, person-first language.
Developing the Occupational Communion Scale: Belonging-Based Social Connections Are Vital for Work Engagement, Self-Efficacy, and Positive Affect in Aged Care Workforces

Abstract Background and Objectives A multifaceted construct called occupational communion (OC), defined as a sense of belonging based on social interaction at work, has been proposed to understand why care workers were positively engaged in their jobs over time, even though they were very demanding. Rich qualitative data on the multiple aspects of OC in care work exist, but a valid measure does not. Research Design and Methods We applied a mixed-method systematic scale development process to measure OC. Aged and dementia care workers in Australia (76%) and other countries participated in a focus group and online surveys (N = 2,451). We also used interview data from our prior study. The study involved 3 components: (1) scale development and design; (2) pilot test validation with exploratory factor analysis; and (3) confirmatory validation via confirmatory factor analysis. The third component assessed convergent and discriminant validity using measures of communion, self-efficacy, work engagement, job and life satisfaction, intention to leave, positive and negative affect, and mood. Results We developed a 28-item Occupational Communion Scale (OCS) with good internal consistency (composite reliability = 0.75–0.91) across 6 factors: (1) “natural” carer, (2) psychological need to care, (3) connection with clients, (4) connection with coworkers, (5) desire for more connection, and (6) blurred boundaries. All validity measures correlated with OC and work engagement, self-efficacy, and positive affect showed the strongest association. Discussion and Implications The OCS can be used to design and evaluate interventions addressing aged care workforce engagement, social connections and well-being, and care outcomes.