Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Edoxaban Versus Warfarin in Atrial Fibrillation Patients at Risk of Falling

BACKGROUND Anticoagulation is often avoided in patients with atrial ﬁ brillation who are at an increased risk of falling. OBJECTIVES This study assessed the relative ef ﬁ cacy and safety of edoxaban versus warfarin in the ENGAGE AF – TIMI 48 (Effective Anticoagulation with Factor Xa Next Generation in Atrial Fibrillation – Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 48) trial in patients with atrial ﬁ brillation judged to be at increased risk of falling. METHODS We performed a pre-speci ﬁ ed analysis of the ENGAGE AF – TIMI 48, comparing patients with versus without increased risk of falling. RESULTS Nine hundred patients (4.3%) were judged to be at increased risk of falling. These patients were older (median, 77 vs. 72 years; p < 0.001), and had a higher prevalence of comorbidities including prior stroke/transient ischemic attack, diabetes, and coronary artery disease. After multivariable adjustment, patients at increased risk of falling experienced more bone fractures caused by falling (adjusted hazard ratio [HR adj ]: 1.88; 95% con ﬁ dence interval [CI]: 1.49 to 2.38; p < 0.001), major bleeding (HR adj : 1.30; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.64; p ¼ 0.023), life-threatening bleeding (HR adj : 1.67; 95% CI: 1.11 to 2.50; p ¼ 0.013), and all-cause death (HR adj : 1.45; 95% CI: 1.23 to 1.70; p < 0.001), but not ischemic events including stroke/ systemic embolic event (HR adj : 1.16; 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.51; p ¼ 0.27). No treatment interaction was observed between either dosing regimens of edoxaban and warfarin for the ef ﬁ cacy and safety outcomes. Treatment with edoxaban resulted in a greater absolute risk reduction in severe bleeding events and all-cause mortality compared with warfarin. CONCLUSIONS Edoxaban is an attractive alternative to warfarin in patients at increased risk of falling, because it is associated with an even greater absolute reduction in severe bleeding events and mortality. (Effective
Gross motor function is an important predictor of daily physical activity in young people with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy

Title Gross motor function is an important predictor of daily physical activity in young people with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy Authors Bania, TA, Taylor, NF, Baker, RJ, Graham, HK, Karimi, L and Dodd, KJ Publication title Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology Publisher Wiley Type Article USIR URL This version is available at: http://usir.salford. ac.uk/id/eprint/35282/ Published Date 2014
Rotational hysteresis study of oxidized basalts

The technique of rotational hysteresis measurements can be used as a chemically nondestructive method for determining the magnetic mineral content of rocks. With this method, rotational hysteresis (WR) is measured as a function of magnetic field (H). This method has been applied to basalts that have been classified by optical microscopy into different oxidation states. The WR-H curves show characteristic shapes for oxidation classes 1 to 5. Interpretations of the WR-H curves were made by (1) appealing to the Stoner-Wohlfarth and other theories of rotational hysteresis, (2) experimentally producing a set of calibration curves with synthetic titanomagnetites, magnetite, maghemite, and hematite, and (3) subjecting low-oxidation class basalts to laboratory heating. We conclude that the measurement of WR for fields up to 21,000 oe provides a chemically nondestructive complementary technique for studying the oxidation state of basalts. Additionally, our measurements point out that the highly oxidized basalts contain large amounts of hematite or hemo-ilmenite which are magnetically very hard. By studying the change in shape of the WR-H curves on heating the synthetic titanomagnetites, we have been able to postulate a model for the oxidation-induced phase changes in natural titanomagnetites.
A two‐dimensional model with coupled dynamics, radiative transfer, and photochemistry: 2. Assessment of the response of stratospheric ozone to increased levels of CO2, N2O, CH4, and CFC

The impact of increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and other trace gases on stratospheric ozone is investigated with an interactive, two-dimensional model of gas phase chemistry, dynamics, and radiation. The scenarios considered are (1) a doubling of the CO2 concentration, (2) increases of CFCs, (3) CFC increases combined with increases of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane CH4, and (4) the simultaneous increase of CO2, CFCs, N2O, and CH4. The radiative feedback and the effect of temperature and circulation changes are studied for each scenario. For the double CO2 calculations the tropospheric warming was specified. The CO2 doubling leads to a 3.1% increase in the global ozone content. Doubling of the CO2 concentrations would lead to a maximum cooling of about 12°C at 45 km if the ozone concentration were held fixed. The cooling of the stratosphere leads to an ozone increase with an associated increase in solar heating, reducing the maximum temperature drop by about 3°C. The CFC increase from continuous emissions at 1985 rate causes a 4.5% loss of ozone. For the combined perturbation a net loss of 1.3% is calculated. The structure of the perturbations shows a north-south asymmetry. Ozone losses (when expressed in terms of percent changes) are generally larger in the high latitudes of the southern hemisphere as a result of the eddy mixing being smaller than in the northern hemisphere. Increase of chlorine leads to ozone losses above 30 km altitude where the radiative feedback results in a cooler temperature and an ozone recovery of about one quarter of the losses predicted with a noninteractive model. In all the cases, changes in circulation are small. In the chlorine case, circulation changes reduce the calculated column depletion by about one tenth compared to offline calculations.
TGF-ALPHA INCREASES HUMAN MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL-SECRETED VEGF BY MEK and PI-3 K, but not JNK or ERK, DEPENDENT MECHANISMS

Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF) may be an important mediator of wound healing and the injury response. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) release vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a potentially beneficial paracrine response; however, it remains unknown whether TGF stimulates the production of VEGF from MSCs and, if so, by which mechanisms. We hypothesized that TGF would increase human MSC VEGF production by MEK, PI-3 K, ERK and JNK dependent mechanisms. To study this, MSCs were cultured and divided into the following groups: 1) with vehicle; 2) with various stimulants alone: TGF, TNF, or TGF+TNF; and 3) with individual kinase inhibitors alone (two different inhibitors for each of the following kinases: MEK, PI3-K, ERK, or JNK); and 4) with the above stimulants and each of the eight inhibitors. After 24 h incubation, a TGF dose response curve demonstrated that low dose TGF (500pg/ml) suppressed MSC production of VEGF compared to vehicle (502±16 pg/10 5 cells/ml to 332±9 pg/10 5 cells/ml) while high dose TGF (250ng/ml) significantly increased MSC VEGF production (603±24 pg/10 5 cells/ml). High dose TGF also increased TNF-stimulated release of VEGF from MSCs. MSCs exposed to TGF and/or TNF also demonstrated increased activation of PI-3 K, JNK, and ERK. The TGF-stimulated production of VEGF by MSCs and the additive effect of TNF and TGF on VEGF production were abolished by MEK and PI-3 K inhibition, but not ERK or JNK inhibition. Our data suggests that TGF increases VEGF production in MSCs via MEK and PI-3 K, but not ERK or JNK, dependent mechanisms. PI-3 TGF and TNF of MSCs. significant change in number phenotype
On Demand Delivery of Methotrexate from Self-Assembled Nanoconstructs for Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

A R T I C L E I N F O Corresponding Author Deepa H. Patel Associate professor, Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, P.O. Limda, ta. Waghodia, Vadodara-391760, Gujarat MS-ID: IJCPS3651 PAPER-QRCODE A R T I C L E H I S T O R Y: Received 15 August 2018, Accepted 11 Sept 2018, Available Online 10 December 2018 Copyright©2018 Deepa H. Patel. Production and hosting by Pharma Research Library. All rights reserved. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Deepa H. Patel. On Demand Delivery of Methotrexate From Self-Assembled Nanoconstructs For Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Int. J. Med. Pharm. Res., 2018, 6(6): 222-234. C O N T E N T S
Transposed-letter similarity effects in naming pseudowords: Evidence from children and adults

There is growing empirical evidence that shows that transposed-letter pseudowords (e.g., relovution) are perceptually very similar to their base words. This is a finding that has important implications for the choice of an input coding scheme in visual word recognition and naming. In the present experiment, we examined the presence of transposed-letter effects for pseudowords by using the naming task in a transparent orthography (Spanish): The pseudowords were created by transposing two letters or by replacing two letters (e.g., relovución vs. retosución). Since it has been suggested that transposed-letter effects may be greater for developing than for adult readers (Castles, Davis, & Forster, 2003), we recruited beginning readers (second graders, i.e., 7-year-olds), intermediate readers (fourth graders, i.e., 9-year-olds), and adult readers (college students). Results showed that developing and adult readers frequently mispronounced transposed-letter pseudowords (lexicalisations, mostly). Interestingly, the difference between the transposed-letter pseudowords and the replacement-letter pseudowords vanished when measuring the correct naming times. We examine the implications of these findings for models of visual word recognition and naming.
Factor Structure of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale Using a Normative Sample. (short Title: Parenting Sense of Competence)

(2008) Factor structure of the parenting sense of competence scale using a normative sample. Child care, health & development, 38(1). pp. 48-55. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the tutors and students who assisted in collecting the data for this project, and Anne Hodgkiss for her support with data entry. Abstract Background The Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale is a commonly used
Impaired Cleavage of Preproinsulin Signal Peptide Linked to Autosomal-Dominant Diabetes

Recently, missense mutations upstream of preproinsulin’s signal peptide (SP) cleavage site were reported to cause mutant INS gene-induced diabetes of youth (MIDY). Our objective was to understand the molecular pathogenesis using metabolic labeling and assays of proinsulin export and insulin and C-peptide production to examine the earliest events of insulin biosynthesis, highlighting molecular mechanisms underlying β-cell failure plus a novel strategy that might ameliorate the MIDY syndrome. We find that whereas preproinsulin-A(SP23)S is efficiently cleaved, producing authentic proinsulin and insulin, preproinsulin-A(SP24)D is inefficiently cleaved at an improper site, producing two subpopulations of molecules. Both show impaired oxidative folding and are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Preproinsulin-A(SP24)D also blocks ER exit of coexpressed wild-type proinsulin, accounting for its dominant-negative behavior. Upon increased expression of ER–oxidoreductin-1, preproinsulin-A(SP24)D remains blocked but oxidative folding of wild-type proinsulin improves, accelerating its ER export and increasing wild-type insulin production. We conclude that the efficiency of SP cleavage is linked to the oxidation of (pre)proinsulin. In turn, impaired (pre)proinsulin oxidation affects ER export of the mutant as well as that of coexpressed wild-type proinsulin. Improving oxidative folding of wild-type proinsulin may provide a feasible way to rescue insulin production in patients with MIDY.
Zmiany powierzchni górnoreglowych polan gorczańskich w latach 1954-2003

Polany stanowią bardzo wazny element środowiska przyrodniczego Gorcow. Zaprzestanie na nich wypasu i wykaszania zapoczątkowalo proces samorzutnych zmian krajobrazu w wyniku zarastania polan. W artykule opisano zmiany powierzchni gornoreglowych polan w latach 1954–2003, czyli w ciągu niemal 50 lat, kiedy te nieuzytkowane juz obszary stopniowo ulegaly renaturalizacji.
European Society of Cardiology‐Proposed Diagnostic Echocardiographic Algorithm in Elective Patients with Clinical Suspicion of Infective Endocarditis: Diagnostic Yield

IntroductIon Infective endocarditis (IE) still carries poor prognosis and high mortality despite major advances in both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. [1] Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the initial technique of choice for investigation but has a sensitivity of 60%–65%. [2] Nonetheless, a normal scan in low-risk patients provides rapid noninvasive confirmation that IE diagnosis is unlikely. [3] On the other hand, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has a sensitivity of 85%–98% and after years of heated debate about TEE indications, a consensus was achieved on including this technique in the diagnostic strategy in most of left side IE cases and when clinical course is complicated by uncontrolled infection or heart failure (HF). [2]
Big fish and great auks: Exploitation of birds and fish on the Isle of Portland, Dorset, during the Romano-British period

Abstract The paper considers the assemblage of bird and fish bones from a Romano-British settlement on the Isle of Portland, on the southern coast of England. Compared with contemporary sites, the assemblage includes an unusually large number of fish bones from a wide range of marine species, including large cod, other Gadidae, several species of seabream, scad and bass. The bird assemblage includes bones of a butchered great auk. This provides the first evidence that this extinct species was nesting off the shores of central southern England and being exploited for food in this period. Other seabirds identified included razorbill, great northern diver and gannet. The species represented are discussed in relation to other Romano-British sites, particularly the Roman town of Dorchester, situated 15 km away. Many of the species have been discovered on only a few contemporary sites and the presence of the seabream in particular indicates that seawater temperatures may have been warmer than until very recently. Possible cultural changes in diet and food procurement in the Roman period are also considered.
Cardiovascular Multimodality Imaging : It is Time to Get on Board

IntroductIon Along with the growth of patients at cardiovascular risk, a new wave is hitting the world of health care. Over the recent decade, noninvasive and invasive imaging technologies have been protagonists of a dramatic evolution. This process, as a Tsunami, may overwhelm the way the physicians were used to work until now [Figure 1]. The greater availability and reliability of current imaging modalities to reveal the details of various cardiac structures and pathophysiology has made the evaluation of cardiovascular disease multimodal. Hence, along with traditional imaging modalities, such as single photon computed emission tomography (SPECT) or tissue Doppler imaging and two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE), new technologies emerge in the scene such as deformation/ speckle tracking imaging (strain and strain rate) and three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE); miniaturized or handheld cardiovascular ultrasound machine; positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT), and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) as well as the combination of them, resulting in the so-called “fusion imaging. ”
Monogenic bandpass filters for the segmentation of urban zones in satellite sensor imagery

This letter introduces a new and effective method for urban zone segmentation in satellite sensor imagery. The proposed method involves filtering a band of a multispectral image with a monogenic bandpass isotropic filter. The filter bandwidth and tuning frequency are determined from the source images by a simple experimental analysis. The final image is obtained by filtering and thresholding the magnitude of the monogenic filter output. Sea zones containing similar features to those found in urban areas are eliminated by a neural network. Experiments with SPOT imagery and comparisons with existing methods are presented as well.
Statistical Relationships between Topography and Precipitation Patterns

Abstract Statistical relationships between topography and the spatial distribution of mean annual precipitation are developed for ten distinct mountainous regions. These relationships are derived through linear bivariate and multivariate analyses, using six topographic variables as predictors of precipitation. These predictors are elevation, slope, orientation, exposure, the product (or interaction) of slope and orientation, and the product of elevation and exposure. The two interactive terms are the best overall bivariate predictors of mean annual precipitation, whereas orientation and exposure are the strongest noninteractive bivariate predictors. The regression equations in many of the climatically similar regions tend to have similar slope coefficients and similar y-intercept values, indicating that local climatic conditions strongly influence the relationship between topography and the spatial distribution of precipitation. In contrast, the regression equations for the tropical and extratropical regi.
Museum Space: Where Architecture Meets Museology

Contents: Introduction The museum as a kind of building The display as presentation in space The museum as organized space Analysing museum space Axes and visual fields: space enhancing objects and objects enhancing space Hierarchies and sequences: the museum as 'city' and as 'machine' Order and choice: specific messages and layered experiences Theoretical synthesis: a way of thinking about museum space Postscript Bibliography Index.
Why do Models Overestimate Surface Ozone in the Southeastern United States

Ozone pollution in the Southeast US involves complex chemistry driven by emissions of anthropogenic nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx ≡ NO + NO2) and biogenic isoprene. Model estimates of surface ozone concentrations tend to be biased high in the region and this is of concern for designing effective emission control strategies to meet air quality standards. We use detailed chemical observations from the SEAC4RS aircraft campaign in August and September 2013, interpreted with the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model at 0.25°×0.3125° horizontal resolution, to better understand the factors controlling surface ozone in the Southeast US. We find that the National Emission Inventory (NEI) for NOx from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is too high. This finding is based on SEAC4RS observations of NOx and its oxidation products, surface network observations of nitrate wet deposition fluxes, and OMI satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 columns. Our results indicate that NEI NOx emissions from mobile and industrial sources must be reduced by 30–60%, dependent on the assumption of the contribution by soil NOx emissions. Upper tropospheric NO2 from lightning makes a large contribution to satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 that must be accounted for when using these data to estimate surface NOx emissions. We find that only half of isoprene oxidation proceeds by the high-NOx pathway to produce ozone; this fraction is only moderately sensitive to changes in NOx emissions because isoprene and NOx emissions are spatially segregated. GEOSChem with reduced NOx emissions provides an unbiased simulation of ozone observations from the aircraft, and reproduces the observed ozone production efficiency in the boundary layer as derived from a regression of ozone and NOx oxidation products. However, the model is still biased high by 8±13 ppb relative to observed surface ozone in the Southeast US. Ozonesondes launched during midday hours show a 7 ppb ozone decrease from 1.5 km to the surface that GEOS-Chem does not capture. This bias may reflect a combination of excessive vertical mixing and net ozone production in the model boundary layer.
On the Bayesness, minimaxity and admissibility of point estimators of allelic frequencies 1

In this paper, decision theory was used to derive Bayes and minimax decision rules to estimate 25 allelic frequencies and to explore their admissibility. Decision rules with uniformly smallest risk 26 usually do not exist and one approach to solve this problem is to use the Bayes principle and the 27 minimax principle to find decision rules satisfying some general optimality criterion based on 28 their risk functions. Two cases were considered, the simpler case of biallelic loci and the more 29 complex case of multiallelic loci. For each locus, the sampling model was a multinomial 30 distribution and the prior was a Beta (biallelic case) or a Dirichlet (multiallelic case) distribution. 31 Three loss functions were considered: squared error loss (SEL), Kulback-Leibler loss (KLL) and 32 quadratic error loss (QEL). Bayes estimators were derived under these three loss functions and 33 were subsequently used to find minimax estimators using results from decision theory. The 34 Bayes estimators obtained from SEL and KLL turned out to be the same. Under certain 35 conditions, the Bayes estimator derived from QEL led to an admissible minimax estimator 36 (which was also equal to the maximum likelihood estimator). The SEL also allowed finding 37 admissible minimax estimators. Some estimators had uniformly smaller variance than the MLE 38 and under suitable conditions the remaining estimators also satisfied this property. In addition to 39 their statistical properties, the estimators derived here allow variation in allelic frequencies, 40 which is closer to the reality of finite populations exposed to evolutionary forces. 41
Contour Extraction of Drosophila Embryos

Contour extraction of Drosophila (fruit fly) embryos is an important step to build a computational system for matching expression pattern of embryonic images to assist the discovery of the nature of genes. Automatic contour extraction of embryos is challenging due to severe image variations, including i) the size, orientation, shape and appearance of an embryo of interest; ii) the neighboring context of an embryo of interest (such as non-touching and touching neighboring embryos); and iii) illumination circumstance. In this paper, we propose an automatic framework for contour extraction of the embryo of interest in an embryonic image. The proposed framework contains three components. Its first component applies a mixture model of quadratic curves, with statistical features, to initialize the contour of the embryo of interest. An efficient method based on imbalanced image points is proposed to compute model parameters. The second component applies active contour model to refine embryo contours. The third component applies eigen-shape modeling to smooth jaggy contours caused by blur embryo boundaries. We test the proposed framework on a dataset of 8000 embryonic images, and achieve promising accuracy (88%) that is substantially higher than the-state-of-the-art results.