Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formal Approach for DVS-Based Power Management for Multiple Server System in Presence of Server Failure and Repair

The paper presents a DVS-based power management policy for multiprocessor systems. The aim is to optimize power consumption by keeping the job loss probability as a system-wide constraint. Optimal values for service rate are computed using an ideal setting where speed can change continuously. As real processors have discrete speed levels, we switch between two nearby speeds to achieve the optimal rate. We develop a formal model of such a system using the probabilistic model checker PRISM and prove properties satisfied by the system. We demonstrated the applicability of the policy on multiple servers and under both kinds of deadlines: DBS and DES. For a constraint value of 25%, the DBS model achieved power savings of 29.46% in theoretical, 8.75% in actual, and 7.23% in leakage power. The DES model achieved power savings of 30% in theoretical, 11.9% in actual, and 8.7% in leakage power. For robustness, a repair facility was used which can have repairmen varying from one to the total number of servers.
Pharmacokinetics of Peginterferons

Two polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified interferons are approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. The pharmocokinetic properties of the branched 40 kDa pegylated interferon alfa-2a differ from the linear 12 kDa pegylated interferon alfa-2b. The absorption half-life of standard interferon alfa is 2.3 hours, while absorption half-lives for peginterferon alfa-2a and alfa-2b are 50 hours and 4.6 hours, respectively. The volume of distribution for peginterferon alfa-2a is considerably restricted, while the volume of distribution for peginterferon alfa-2b is only approximately 30% lower than that for conventional interferon. Because of its large size, the 40 kD peginterferon alfa-2a has a more than 100-fold reduction in renal clearance compared with conventional interferon alfa. Clearance of peginterferon alfa-2b is about one-tenth that of unmodified interferon alfa. Although data are limited, both drugs appear to show differences in the initial viral decay pattern in patients with chronic hepatitis C. However, it remains unknown whether these differences in the initial viral decline predict differences in the primary clinical endpoint, sustained virological response.
Frequency-offset synchronization and channel estimation for OFDM-based transmission

This letter is concerned with a frequency offset estimation technique for OFDM based transmission systems. The frequency estimation technique utilizes a repetitive signal structure inside of a OFDM symbol which is used to enlarge the range and increase the accuracy of offset estimation. Also, an averaged decision-directed channel estimation (ADDCE) technique suitable for burst data is proposed.
Generating Spike Trains with Specified Correlation Coefficients

Spike trains recorded from populations of neurons can exhibit substantial pairwise correlations between neurons and rich temporal structure. Thus, for the realistic simulation and analysis of neural systems, it is essential to have efficient methods for generating artificial spike trains with specified correlation structure. Here we show how correlated binary spike trains can be simulated by means of a latent multivariate gaussian model. Sampling from the model is computationally very efficient and, in particular, feasible even for large populations of neurons. The entropy of the model is close to the theoretical maximum for a wide range of parameters. In addition, this framework naturally extends to correlations over time and offers an elegant way to model correlated neural spike counts with arbitrary marginal distributions.
A Framework to Assist Organizations with IT Adoption Governance

Evidence from the literature suggests that achieving sustainable IT adoption benefits in organizations remains a problem. The assumption of most IT adoption frameworks is that there is always consensus during IT adoption decision making in organizations. However, the different stakeholder worldviews make IT adoption decision making in organizations a challenge. This paper developed and validated an IT adoption framework to assist organizations with IT adoption governance. The validation results from case studies suggest that the framework may be useful in understanding the context IT adoption problem from a holistic approach. In addition the results from studies suggest it may be possible to influence IT adoption outcomes based on manipulating the variables of the framework components, which is a major contribution of this paper.
Intensité de l'investissement privé en R&D dans les pays de l'OCDE : Impact et complémentarité des mesures de soutien financier

Les politiques de soutien financier a la R&D se sont multipliees depuis les annees 80 dans les pays de l'OCDE avec une utilisation croissante des mesures fiscales. Cependant, il existe assez peu d'etudes mesurant l'impact macroeconomique de ces mesures sur l'investissement prive en R&D. L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser l'impact et la complementarite des politiques internes de soutien financier a la R&D mais aussi l'influence des politiques externes sur l'intensite de la R&D financee par le secteur prive. En utilisant une base de donnees couvrant 25 pays de l'OCDE sur la periode 1990-2007, nos estimations en panel dynamique montrent que seules les politiques internes de soutien financier indirect (incitations fiscales) influencent significativement l'intensite de la R&D privee. Si les instruments de soutien direct (subventions et prets) n'ont pas d'impact significatif, il apparait que leur renforcement nuirait a l'efficacite des mesures indirectes. Alors que la R&D publique externe semble dynamiser l'investissement prive en R&D, les politiques exterieures de soutien financier (direct et indirect) ne montrent pas d'influence significative.
Providing Reliable FIB Update Acknowledgments in SDN

In this paper, we first show that transient, but grave problems such as violations of security policies can occur with real switches even when using consistent updates to Software Defined Networks. Next, we present techniques that are effective in ameliorating this problem. Our key insight is in creating a transparent layer that relies on control and data plane measurements to confirm rule updates only when the rule is visible in the data plane.
Induction of NFAT-mediated Transcription by G-coupled Receptors in Lymphoid and Non-lymphoid Cells (*)

The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) was discovered as an inducible transcription factor activated by antigen stimulation of the T cell receptor in lymphocytes. Stimulation of NFAT-mediated transcription is now reported in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells following activation of a neurotransmitter receptor. Carbachol induces robust luciferase responses in Jurkat and pheochromocytoma PC12 cells expressing an NFAT-luciferase reporter construct and a G-coupled m3 muscarinic receptor. Cyclosporin blocks this response in PC12 cells, as in Jurkat cells. In PC12 cells expressing a G-coupled m2 muscarinic receptor, carbachol induces NFAT-mediated luciferase activity that is strictly dependent upon co-expression of a chimeric Gα/α subunit, which confers G-effector coupling on G-linked receptors. These findings suggest that neurotransmitters, autacoids, or hormones acting on G-protein-coupled receptors may serve as physiological stimulators of NFAT in lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells.
The Salmonella enterica PhoP Directly Activates the Horizontally Acquired SPI-2 Gene sseL and Is Functionally Different from a S. bongori Ortholog

To establish a successful infection within the host, a pathogen must closely regulate multiple virulence traits to ensure their accurate temporal and spatial expression. As a highly adapted intracellular pathogen, Salmonella enterica has acquired during its evolution various virulence genes via numerous lateral transfer events, including the acquisition of the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 (SPI-2) and its associated effectors. Beneficial use of horizontally acquired genes requires that their expression is effectively coordinated with the already existing virulence programs and the regulatory set-up in the bacterium. As an example for such a mechanism, we show here that the ancestral PhoPQ system of Salmonella enterica is able to regulate directly the SPI-2 effector gene sseL (encoding a secreted deubiquitinase) in an SsrB-independent manner and that PhoP plays a part in a feed-forward regulatory loop, which fine-tunes the cellular level of SseL. Additionally, we demonstrate the presence of conserved cis regulatory elements in the promoter region of sseL and show direct binding of purified PhoP to this region. Interestingly, in contrast to the S. enterica PhoP, an ortholog regulator from a S. bongori SARC 12 strain was found to be impaired in promoting transcription of sseL and other genes from the PhoP regulon. These findings have led to the identification of a previously uncharacterized residue in the DNA-binding domain of PhoP, which is required for the transcriptional activation of PhoP regulated genes in Salmonella spp. Collectively our data demonstrate an interesting interface between the acquired SsrB regulon and the ancestral PhoPQ regulatory circuit, provide novel insights into the function of PhoP, and highlight a mechanism of regulatory integration of horizontally acquired genes into the virulence network of Salmonella enterica.
A Novel Bootstrapped Switch Design, Applied in a 400 MHz Clocked ΔΣ ADC

This paper presents a switch bootstrapping technique for very high sampling frequencies. The circuit has been implemented in a switched capacitor delta sigma A/D converter operating at 400 MHz in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The high sampling frequency allows to use a high oversampling ratio, resulting in a SNR of 53 dB and signal bandwidth of 3.125 MHz with a simple singleloop second order topology. Measured SNDR is 47.5 dB, while the core power consumption is 12 mW.
Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS)

Purpose and Recommended Uses The author states five purposes for this interview-based instrument: "(a) to identify persons who are autistic, (b) to assess persons referred for serious behavioral problems, (c) to document progress in the areas of disturbance as a consequence of special intervention programs, (d) to target goals for change and intervention on the student's individualized education plan (IEP)i and (e) to measure autism in research projects" (Gilliam, 1995, p. 7). Four of these purposes seem to be substantiated in the manual; however, the second, i.e., assessing individuals "referred for serious behavioral
Cell surface polysaccharides from Bradyrhizobium japonicum and a nonnodulating mutant

The cell surface polysaccharides of wild-type Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 and a nonnodulating mutant, strain HS123, were analyzed. The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and exopolysaccharide (EPS) of the wild type and the mutant strain do not differ in their sugar composition. CPS and EPS are composed of mannose, 4-O-methylgalactose/galactose, glucose, and galacturonic acid in a ratio of 1:1:2:1, respectively. H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the EPS and CPS of the wild type and mutant strain are very similar, but not identical, suggesting minor structural variation in these polysaccharides. The lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of the above two strains were purified, and their compositions were determined. Gross differences in the chemical compositions of the two LPS were observed. Chemical and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses indicated that strain HS123 is a rough-type mutant lacking a complete LPS. The LPS of mutant strain HS123 is composed of mannose, glucose, glucosamine, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid, and lipid A. The wild-type LPS is composed of fucose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, glucose, fucosamine, quinovosamine, glucosamine, uronic acid, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid, and lipid A. Preliminary sugar analysis of lipid A from B. japonicum identified mannose, while traces of glucosamine were detected. 3-Hydroxydodecanoic and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids formed a major portion of the fatty acids in lipid A. Lesser quantities of nonhydroxylated 16:0, 18:0, 22:0, and 24:0 acids also were detected.
Theory and applications of time reversal and interferometric imaging

In time reversal, an array of transducers receives the signal emitted by a localized source, time reverses it and re-emits it into the medium. The emitted waves back-propagate to the source and tend to focus near it. In a homogeneous medium, the cross-range resolution of the refocused field at the source location is λ0L/a, where λ0 is the carrier wavelength, L is the range and a is the array aperture. The refocusing spot size in a homogeneous medium is independent of the bandwidth of the pulse, but broad-band can help in reducing spurious Fresnel zones. In a noisy (random) medium, the cross-range resolution is improved beyond the homogeneous diffraction limit because the array can capture waves that move away from it at the source, but get scattered onto it by the inhomogeneities. We refer to this phenomenon as super-resolution of the time reversal process in random media. Super-resolution implies in particular that, because of multipathing, the array appears to have an effective aperture ae that is greater than a. Since ae depends on the scattering medium, it is not known. In this paper we present a brief review of time reversal theory in a remote sensing regime and a robust procedure for estimating ae from the signals received at the array. Knowing ae permits assessing quantitatively super-resolution in time reversal for applications in spatially localized communications with reduced interference. We also review interferometric imaging and its relation to time reversal and to matched field imaging. We show that ae quantifies in an explicit way the loss of resolution in interferometric array imaging.
DRUG ABUSE AND CRIMINAL FAMILY RECORDS IN THE CRIMINAL HISTORY OF PRISONERS

La relacion entre el comportamiento criminal y los factores de riesgo, como el registro delictivo familiar y el consumo de drogas, ha sido establecida. Con el objetivo de definir el papel de estos factores de riesgo en el inicio y la evolucion de la conducta criminal, se diseno un estudio de campo con presos. Se aplico a los datos de 157 reclusos en Villabona (Asturias, Espana) un analisis de supervivencia relacionado con la edad en que se cometio el primer delito no sancionado y la edad en la que entro por primera vez en la carcel. Los resultados del analisis muestran que los reincidentes con abuso de drogas se iniciaron en actos delictivos a una edad mas temprana (13 anos) que los delincuentes primarios (16 anos); los reincidentes con antecedentes penales en la familia comenzaron su actividad criminal a una edad anterior (13 anos) a los primarios (16 anos); Los reincidentes de familias sin antecedentes penales se iniciaban en actos delictivos a los 14 anos, mientras que los primarios a los 16; los reincidentes con dependencia a las drogas entran por primera vez en la carcel antes (19 anos) que los primarios. Los delincuentes primarios que no consumen drogas ingresan en la carcel por primera vez a la edad de 24 anos, mientras que los reincidentes a la edad de 19; la primera entrada en prision de los reincidentes con antecedentes penales de la familia se produce antes (19 anos), que en los delincuentes primarios (23 anos), y los presos reincidentes sin antecedentes penales de la familia cruzan el umbral de la carcel por primera vez a una edad mas joven (21 anos) que los internos primarios (26 anos). Las implicaciones de estos resultados pueden orientar una intervencion mas eficaz contra la delincuencia.
Systemic spread of measles virus: Overcoming the epithelial and endothelial barriers

Summary As the major entry receptor, signalling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM, CD150) essentially determines the tropism of measles virus (MV) for immune cells. This receptor is of considerable importance for the induction of immunomodulation and -suppression, and for the systemic spread of MV to organs including secondary lymphoid tissues, the skin, the respiratory tract, and the brain predominantly via infected cells of the immune system. But how does the virus cross the epithelial barrier during initiation of the infection, the blood organ barriers formed by endothelial cells, and the epithelial barrier from within, when virus will be released from the host? Additional unknown receptor(s) on CD150-negative epithelial and endothelial cells have been postulated. However, it has also been postulated (and demonstrated in macaques) that the initial infection is independent from usage of this receptor, and that the first target cells appear to be CD150-positive cells in the epithelium. For later stages of the infection, for virus release from the host, it is claimed that this unknown receptor on epithelial cells is required for crossing the barrier from within. The endothelial cell barrier must be crossed from the apical (luminal) to the basolateral (abluminal) side to carry the infection to organs and the skin. However, infected leukocytes are impaired in several functions including transmigration through endothelial cells. The infection may spread via cell contact-mediated infection of endothelial cells and basolateral virus release, or via migration of infected leukocytes.
A brief overview of ad hoc networks: challenges and directions

One of the most vibrant and active " new " fields today is that of ad hoc networks. Within the past few years the field has seen o rapid expansion of visibility and work due to the proliferation of inexpensive, widely available wireless devices and the network community's interest in mobile computing. ne of the most vibrant and active " new " fields today is that of ad hoc networks. Significant research in this area has been ongoing for nearly 30 years, also under the names packet radio or multi-hop networks. Within the past few years, though, the field 0 has seen a rapid expansion of visibility and work due to the proliferation of inexpensive, widely available wireless devices and the network community's interest in mobile computing. An ad hoc network is a (possibly mobile) collection of communications devices (nodes) that wish to communicate, but have no fixed infrastructure available, and have no predetermined organization of available links. Individual nodes are responsible for dynamically discovering which other nodes they can directly communicate with. A key assumption is that not all nodes can directly communicate with each other, so nodes are required t o relay packets on behalf of other nodes in order to deliver data across the network. A significant feature of ad hoc networks is that rapid changes in connectivity and link characteristics are introduced due to node mobility and power control practices. Ad hoc networks can be built around any wireless technology, including infrared and radio frequency (RF). Ad hoc networking is a multi-layer problem. The physical layer must adapt to rapid changes in link characteristics. The multiple access control (MAC) layer needs to minimize collisions, allow fair access, and semi-reliably transport data over the shared wireless links in the presence of rapid changes and hidden or exposed terminals. The network layer needs to determine and distribute information used to calculate paths in a way that maintains efficiency when links change often and bandwidth is at a premium. It'also needs to integrate smoothly with traditional , non ad hoc-aware internetworks and perform functions such as auto-configuration in this changing environment. The transport layer must be able to handle delay and packet loss statistics that are very different than wired networks. Finally, applications need to be designed to handle frequent disconnection and reconnec-tion with peer applications as well as widely varying delay and packet loss characteristics. Ad hoc networks …
Aspiration cytology of pediatric solitary papillary hyperplastic thyroid nodule.

CONTEXT Solitary papillary hyperplastic thyroid nodules (SPHTNs) are frequently encountered in children and teenagers. Although the histologic features are well described, to the best of our knowledge, cytologic findings have not been reported. OBJECTIVES To review the cytologic features of histologically proven SPHTNs and to identify the potential diagnostic pitfalls in cytologic diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fine-needle aspiration cytology of 3 histologically proven SPHTNs was reviewed. RESULTS Two girls and 1 boy (ages 11, 12, and 15 years) were affected. The cytologic diagnosis in all 3 cases was suspicious for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The spectrum of cytologic findings included broad flat sheets and 3-dimensional clusters with fire flares. There was mild to moderate nuclear pleomorphism and nuclear atypia. Short nonbranching papillae with transgressing vessels shown to represent hyperplastic papillae on histologic sections were identified in all cases. The background contained giant cells, histiocytes, and watery and inspissated colloid. Although nuclear grooves were identified in occasional cells, intranuclear inclusions were absent. A cell block section (1 case) and histologic sections of SPHTNs (2 cases) were immunohistochemically negative for cytokeratin 19. CONCLUSIONS Fine-needle aspiration of SPHTNs may be difficult to interpret accurately and can result in false-positive diagnosis of PTC. Although it shares several cytologic features with PTC, the presence of fire flares and short nonbranching papillae, as well as lack of intranuclear inclusions and watery and inspissated colloid in SPHTN appear to be useful features that are helpful in distinguishing SPHTN from PTC. Negative immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 19 is useful in excluding a diagnosis of PTC.
Understanding the temporal ambiguity of local foods through ‘polytemporality’: the case of Norwegian gamalost fra vik (old cheese)

Ces dernieres annees, les produits locaux, dans le sens general du terme, ont stimule discussions et mises en valeur d’un certain nombre «d’ambiguites». Ces traits ambigus sont souvent decrits comme emergents d’une tension entre deux, ou plusieurs, poles opposes. Neanmoins, fonder l’analyse des ambiguites sur une polarite, conduit a simplifier la complexite emanant des produits locaux et a amoindrir le potentiel explicatif d’une analyse reposant sur une unification des dimensions polarisees. Cet article propose une approche analytique fondee sur le concept de polytempolarite exprime par Bruno Latour (1993), afin de comprendre l’ambiguite d’un produit local norvegien, le Gamalost (vieux fromage). Base sur des donnees empiriques, cet article s’interesse d’abord aux tensions et fusions entre des methodes de productions traditionnelles et modernes, puis a la facon dont cette ambiguite peut etre interpretee, a travers les discours dependants des conditions naturelles, culturelles, economiques et politiques qui ont influence l’evolution de ce produit.