Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dalí: A Periodically Persistent Hash Map

Technology trends suggest that byte-addressable nonvolatile memory (NVM) will supplant many uses of DRAM over the coming decade, raising the prospect of inexpensive recovery from power failures and similar faults. Ensuring the consistency of persistent state remains nontrivial, however, in the presence of volatile caches; cached values can "leak" back to persistent memory in arbitrary order. To ensure consistency, existing persistent memory algorithms use expensive, explicit write-back instructions to force each value back to memory before performing a dependent write, thereby incurring significant run-time overhead. To reduce this overhead, we present a new design paradigm that we call periodic persistence. In a periodically persistent data structure, updates are made "in place," but can safely leak back to memory in any order, because only those updates that are known to be valid will be heeded during recovery. To guarantee forward progress, we periodically force a write-back of all dirty data in the cache, ensuring that all "sufficiently old" updates have indeed become persistent, at which point they become semantically visible to the recovery process. As an example of periodic persistence, we present a transactional hash map, Dali, together with an informal proof of safety (buffered durable linearizability). Experiments with a prototype implementation suggest that periodic persistence can offer substantially better performance than either file-based or incrementally persistent (per-access write-back) alternatives.
Presupposition or Abstract Object Anaphora ? : Constraints on Choice of Factive Complements in Spoken Discourse

Usingresultsfrom anempiricalstudyof factivesin spokenEnglish,acomparisonis madebetweenfactive verbsandtheirpresupposed complements, bothboundandaccommodated, andtheirnon-presupposing alternati ves: abstractobjectanaphorathatderiveanantecedent from a discourse-gi ven linguistic expression.Therole of discoursestructuralconstraintsandgrounding in choiceof expressionandthecontexts in which they areusedis discussed.Finally, theresults arerelatedto theoreticalissuesin presuppositiontheoryhaving to dowith thedifferencebetween anaphoraandpresuppositions, the ability of presuppositionsto accommodateandthe natureof accommodation.
Introduction: a new era in the pharmacotherapy of psychotic disorders.

S world population. These illnesses are generally chronic, beginning early in life and persisting into the elderly years. The impact of the illnesses on affected individuals and their families is monumental. The positive symptoms of schizophrenia lead to disruption of coherent thinking, anxiety, and distress that make day-to-day functioning challenging. The negative symptoms have a significant impact on social functioning, resulting in a lonely, isolated existence. Schizophrenia is associated with an alarmingly high suicide rate of 10% that speaks to the forlornness caused by the illness. 1 Comorbid depression is common and often untreated 2 and is a contributing factor to the high suicide rate associated with schizophrenia. Primary cognitive deficits affecting memory and attention are pervasive and cause work and social dysfunction such that it is uncommon for individuals with schizophrenia to hold gainful employment and lead independent lives. Relapse, an all-too-common feature of the illness, can lead to hospitalization, which disrupts community-based activities and contributes to substantial costs. It is clear that schizophrenia is the most severe psychiatric disorder and stands as a major public health issue. Perhaps the most clinically meaningful and important scientific discovery in schizophrenia research over the past 40 years is the atypical antipsychotic agents. This group of drugs includes clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine, with the possibility of at least 3 more new atypical drugs expected in the market over the next few years. As a class, they offer efficacy that is at least comparable with the older conventional antipsychotic drugs and have the distinction of being associated with either no dose-dependent extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) (clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine) or reduced EPS (risperidone) compared with conventional agents. Because of their superior profiles and the substantial unmet need associated with this
Assessing Changeability by Investigating the Propagation of Change Types

We propose an approach to build a changeability assessment model for source code entities. Based on this model, we will assess the changeability of evolving software systems. The changeability assessment is based on a taxonomy of more than 30 change types and a classification of these in terms of change significance levels for consecutive versions of software entities. We consider change type propagation on different levels of granularity ranging from method changes to interface and class changes. We claim that this kind of assessment is effective in pointing to potential causes of maintainability problems in evolving software systems.
Adaptive Feedback Linearization Control Of a Ball on Sphere System

This paper is the nonlinear adaptive feedback linearization control of a class of multi-input multioutput (MIMO) nonlinear systems called “system of ball on a sphere”, which is designed to control and operate a ball on the top of a sphere. Nowadays, Control of nonlinear systems using the feedback linearization has attracted lots of attention in the nonlinear control theory. Since in the general case, there is uncertainty with respect of these nonlinear systems parameters, Adaptive feedback linearization is employed to obtain asymptotically accurate cancellation for this inherent uncertaintyThe system’s dynamic is described and the equations are illustrated. The results are simulated and compared in toe directions. The outputs are shown in different figures so as to be compared. These simulation results show the exactness of the controller’s performance. Keywords-component; feedback linearization; ball on a sphere; adaptive, MIMO
Cardiovascular risk factors and health knowledge among freshman college students with a family history of cardiovascular disease.

Abstract The authors compared the cardiovascular health knowledge (CVHK), perceptions regarding potential cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and health behavior of 69 freshmen with a family history of CVD and 154 freshmen without this history. The self-reported weights of students with a CVD family history were higher than those of their counterparts (p < 0.02 for males and p < 0.05 for females). Only a small number of students who felt that they were overweight actually had a ponderal index at or above the 75th percentile. Compared to those without a family CVD history, students with this history were somewhat more likely to be smokers, reported higher total number of smoker parents (p < 0.05), were less likely to exercise, reported similar health education efforts, and were less likely to have had a blood cholesterol test. Parents' education and income did not appear to influence students' health behaviors and perceptions. The students' understanding of CVHK in general and that of CV patho-physi.
Outward migration of a giant planet with a gravitationally unstable gap edge

We present numerical simulations of disc–planet interactions where the planet opens a gravitationally unstable gap in an otherwise gravitationally stable disc. In our disc models, where the outer gap edge can be unstable to global spiral modes, we find that as we increase the surface density scale the gap becomes more unstable and the planet migrates outwards more rapidly. We show that the positive torque is provided by material brought into the planet’s co-orbital region by the spiral arms. This material is expected to execute horseshoe turns upon approaching the planet and hence torque it. Our results suggest that standard type II migration, applicable to giant planets in non-self-gravitating viscous discs, is likely to be significantly modified in massive discs when gravitational instabilities associated with the gap occur.
Question Answering, Semantic Search and Data Service Querying

Question Answering (QA) systems have profoundly evolved since their inception as natural language interfaces to databases. QA technology has indeed become state-of-the-art on open-domain, unstructured information retrieval and more recently touched the Semantic Web and the problem of querying structured data (e.g. RDF triples) on the Web. A natural new challenge is QA over data services, supporting simple natural language query interfaces to the composition of such services for extracting complex results. This paper discusses the above challenges and illustrates natural language QA over data services with a concrete example.
Efficient Distribution Mining and Classification

We deﬁne and solve the problem of “distribution classiﬁ-cation”, and, in general, “distribution mining”. Given n distributions (i.e., clouds) of multi-dimensional points, we want to classify them into k classes, to ﬁnd patterns, rules and out-lier clouds. For example, consider the 2-d case of sales of items, where, for each item sold, we record the unit price and quantity; then, each customer is represented as a distribution/cloud of 2-d points (one for each item he bought). We want to group similar users together, e.g., for market segmentation, anomaly/fraud detection. We propose D-Mine to achieve this goal. Our main contribution is Theorem 3.1, which shows how to use wavelets to speed up the cloud-similarity computations. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real multi-dimensional data sets show that our method achieves up to 400 faster wall-clock time over the naive implementation, with comparable (and occasionally better) classiﬁcation quality.
Shape Sparse Representation for Joint Object Classification and Segmentation

In this paper, a novel variational model based on prior shapes for simultaneous object classification and segmentation is proposed. Given a set of training shapes of multiple object classes, a sparse linear combination of training shapes in a low-dimensional representation is used to regularize the target shape in variational image segmentation. By minimizing the proposed variational functional, the model is able to automatically select the reference shapes that best represent the object by sparse recovery and accurately segment the image, taking into account both the image information and the shape priors. For some applications under an appropriate size of training set, the proposed model allows artificial enlargement of the training set by including a certain number of transformed shapes for transformation invariance, and then the model remains jointly convex and can handle the case of overlapping or multiple objects presented in an image within a small range. Numerical experiments show promising results and the potential of the method for object classification and segmentation.
Model cerebellar granule cells can faithfully transmit modulated firing rate signals

A crucial assumption of many high-level system models of the cerebellum is that information in the granular layer is encoded in a linear manner. However, granule cells are known for their non-linear and resonant synaptic and intrinsic properties that could potentially impede linear signal transmission. In this modeling study we analyse how electrophysiological granule cell properties and spike sampling influence information coded by firing rate modulation, assuming no signal-related, i.e., uncorrelated inhibitory feedback (open-loop mode). A detailed one-compartment granule cell model was excited in simulation by either direct current or mossy-fiber synaptic inputs. Vestibular signals were represented as tonic inputs to the flocculus modulated at frequencies up to 20 Hz (approximate upper frequency limit of vestibular-ocular reflex, VOR). Model outputs were assessed using estimates of both the transfer function, and the fidelity of input-signal reconstruction measured as variance-accounted-for. The detailed granule cell model with realistic mossy-fiber synaptic inputs could transmit information faithfully and linearly in the frequency range of the vestibular-ocular reflex. This was achieved most simply if the model neurons had a firing rate at least twice the highest required frequency of modulation, but lower rates were also adequate provided a population of neurons was utilized, especially in combination with push-pull coding. The exact number of neurons required for faithful transmission depended on the precise values of firing rate and noise. The model neurons were also able to combine excitatory and inhibitory signals linearly, and could be replaced by a simpler (modified) integrate-and-fire neuron in the case of high tonic firing rates. These findings suggest that granule cells can in principle code modulated firing-rate inputs in a linear manner, and are thus consistent with the high-level adaptive-filter model of the cerebellar microcircuit.
Codes for network switches

A network switch routes data packets between its multiple input and output ports. Packets from input ports are stored upon arrival in a switch fabric comprising multiple memory banks. This can result in memory contention when distinct output ports request packets from the same memory bank, resulting in a degraded switching bandwidth. To solve this problem, we propose to add redundant memory banks for storing the incoming packets. The problem we address is how to minimize the number of redundant memory banks given some guaranteed contention resolution capability. We present constructions of new switch memory architectures based on different coding techniques. The codes allow decreasing the redundancy by 1/2 or 2/3, depending on the request specifications, compared to non-coding solutions.
Long Term Endocrine Regulation of Nucleoside Transporters in Rat Intestinal Epithelial Cells

We studied the regulation of nucleoside transporters in intestinal epithelial cells upon exposure to either differentiating or proliferative agents. Rat intestinal epithelial cells (line IEC-6) were incubated in the presence of differentiating (glucocorticoids) or proliferative (EGF and TGF-α) agents. Nucleoside uptake rates and nucleoside transporter protein and mRNA levels were assessed. The signal transduction pathways used by the proliferative stimuli were analyzed. We found that glucocorticoids induce an increase in sodium-dependent, concentrative nucleoside transport rates and in protein and mRNA levels of both rCNT2 and rCNT1, with negligible effects on the equilibrative transporters. EGF and TGF-α induce an increase in the equilibrative transport rate, mostly accounted for by an increase in rENT1 activity and mRNA levels, rENT2 mRNA levels remaining unaltered. This effect is mimicked by another proliferative stimulus that functions as an in vitro model of epithelial wounding. Here, rENT1 activity and mRNA levels are also increased, although the signal transduction pathways used by the two stimuli are different. We concluded that differentiation of rat intestinal epithelial cells is accompanied by increased mature enterocyte features, such as concentrative nucleoside transport (located at the brush border membrane of the enterocyte), thus preparing the cell for its ultimate absorptive function. A proliferative stimulus induces the equilibrative nucleoside activities (mostly through ENT1) known to be located at the basolateral membrane, allowing the uptake of nucleosides from the bloodstream for the increased demands of the proliferating cell.
Media Delivery Method Shows No Effect On Physiological Stress Response Factors of Heart Rate , Blood Pressure and Respiration

Blood pressure, heart rate and respiration rate were measured to investigate the stress response induced by an emotionally stimulating video regarding the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). After control experiments were conducted on an initial set of subjects, test subjects were exposed to one of three treatment videos: audio only, visual only with subtitles, or both audio and visual with subtitles. The hypothesis being tested was that watching an emotionally evocative video featuring current terror tactics by ISIS with both audio and video will increase participants’ heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration rates more significantly compared to either watching the video with subtitles only or listening with audio only. It was hypothesized that the audio-only stimuli would also increase heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration rates but not to the extent of the combined auditory and visual stimuli. Based on the longer processing time for visual stimuli it was predicted that the visual-only stimuli would cause the smallest increases in heart rate, blood pressure and respiration rate. Statistical data analysis revealed that no treatment was more effective than another. In summary, individuals encounter different types of media formats that could potentially differ in their mental and physical effects. However, according to this study, varying media formats do not have significantly different effects on an individual’s physiological response.
Effect of corneal epithelium on ultraviolet-A and riboflavin absorption.

PURPOSE To determine if the corneal epithelium prevents the collagen cross-linking effect. Using immunofluorescence microscopy after CXL, we indirectly analyzed the role of the epithelium as ultraviolet-A (UVA) shield as well as a barrier to riboflavin penetration. METHODS Fifteen freshly enucleated porcine eyes were divided into 3 groups. The corneal epithelium was kept intact in all groups. Five eyes served as control (Group 1). On group 2, eyes received tetracaine anesthetic drops and topical 0.1% riboflavin solution (10 mg riboflavin-5-phosphate in 10 mL 20% dextran-T-500). On Group 3, riboflavin was injected into the anterior chamber to allow penetration of the drug through the endothelium. Groups 2 and 3 were exposed to UVA (365 nm, 3 mW/cm(2)) for 30 minutes. Ultra-thin sections (8 µm) of the corneas were stained with anti-collagen type I and DAPI (4,6-diamidino-2-fenilindole dihydrocloride) and analyzed with fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Corneas treated with UVA irradiation and intracameral injection of riboflavin (Group 3) showed greater pattern of collagen organization compared to groups 1 (Control) and 2 (riboflavin and tetracaine eye drops). A yellow stromal staining, which represents the riboflavin diffusion into the stroma, was only observed in eyes injected with riboflavin into the anterior chamber. CONCLUSION Using immunofluorescence microscopy in porcine corneas, we demonstrated that the corneal epithelium reduces the effectiveness of CXL by preventing the penetration of the drug and not by limiting the UVA transmittance. An inadequate intrastromal concentration of riboflavin may impair CXL effect.
Time-resolved FTIR/FTNIR spectroscopy: powerful tools to investigate diffusion processes in polymeric films and membranes

Abstract The application of time-resolved FTIR spectroscopy to investigate diffusion processes in polymers is described. Two thermosetting systems have been studied: a tetrafunctional epoxy resin cured with an aromatic diamine hardener, and a ternary formulation comprising the above components plus a bismaleimide co-monomer. Spectroscopic monitoring of water diffusion, both in the Mid and in the Near IR frequency ranges, yielded accurate and reproducible kinetic curves from which it was possible to evaluate the absolute parameters of diffusion (diffusivity and activation energy). These were found to compare favourably with the values obtained by conventional gravimetric methods. The molecular interactions between the penetrant molecules and the polymer networks were also investigated and it was shown that, in the system containing the bismaleimide component, the fraction of water molecules hydrogen-bonded to the network decreases significantly.
p16INK4a Expression Correlates with Degree of Cervical Neoplasia: A Comparison with Ki-67 Expression and Detection of High-Risk HPV Types

Although recent studies have suggested that p16INK4a may be a useful surrogate biomarker of cervical neoplasia, Ki-67 and human papillomavirus testing have also been shown to be useful in detecting neoplasia. To help delineate the utility of p16INK4a, biopsy samples (n = 569: negative, 133; reactive, 75; atypical, 39; low grade, 76; moderate, 80; and severe intraepithelial neoplasia, 113; also, squamous cell carcinoma, 46; adenocarcinoma, 7) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for expression of p16INK4a and Ki-67 (n = 432), as well as by in situ hybridization for human papillomavirus Type 16 (n = 219). Testing for high-risk human papillomavirus types by polymerase chain reaction and HybridCapture2 was performed on concurrent cervical swab specimens. Recuts of the original blocks were reexamined (n = 198). Endometrial biopsies (n = 10) were also analyzed for p16INK4a expression. Degree of p16INK4a and Ki-67 expression correlated with degree of cervical neoplasia (P < .001) and with presence of high-risk human papillomavirus types (P < .001). There was no relationship between p16INK4a overexpression and inflammation or hormonal status. Ki-67 expression correlated with inflammation (P = 0.003) and was expressed in more reactive and atypical lesions than p16INK4a (P = 0.008). Probes for human papillomavirus 16 stained 54% of cervical neoplastic lesions; the degree of staining correlated significantly with degree of neoplasia (P < .001) and p16INK4a staining (P < .001). Interobserver reproducibility was substantial for p16INK4a and Ki-67 interpretation (weighted κ: 0.74 and 0.70, respectively). Expression of p16INK4a was observed in all endometrial biopsies. Compared with Ki-67 expression and detection of high-risk human papillomavirus, p16INK4a was less likely to be positive in samples from women with negative, reactive, and atypical biopsies. Although expression of p16INK4a in endometrial epithelium may be problematic in terms of screening, the potential of p16INK4a as a screening test warrants investigation.
N-Body Growth of a Bahcall-Wolf Cusp around a Black Hole

We present a clear N-body realization of the growth of a Bahcall-Wolf f ∝ E1/4 (ρ ∝ r-7/4) density cusp around a massive object ("black hole") at the center of a stellar system. Our N-body algorithm incorporates a novel implementation of the Mikkola-Aarseth chain regularization to handle close interactions between star and black hole particles. Forces outside the chain were integrated on a GRAPE-6A/8 special-purpose computer with particle numbers up to N = 0.25 × 106. We compare our N-body results with predictions of the isotropic Fokker-Planck equation and verify that the time dependence of the density (both configuration and phase-space) predicted by the Fokker-Planck equation is well reproduced by the N-body algorithm. Our results highlight the usefulness of direct N-body techniques for simulating the dynamical evolution of galactic nuclei containing supermassive black holes.
A Survey of Anonymous Communication Channels

We present an overview of the field of anonymous communications, from its establishment in 1981 from David Chaum to today. Key systems are presented categorized according to their underlying principles: semi-trusted relays, mix systems, remailers, onion routing, and systems to provide robust mixing. We include extended discussions of the threat models and usage models that different schemes provide, and the trade-offs between the security properties offered and the communication characteristics different systems support.