Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of weighting judgments in multiattribute utility measurement

This paper compares four weighting methods in multiattribute utility measurement: the ratio method, the swing weighting method, the tradeoff method and the pricing out method. 200 subjects used these methods to weight attributes for evaluating nuclear waste repository sites in the United States. The weighting methods were compared with respect to their internal consistency, convergent validity, and external validity. Internal consistency was measured by the degree to which ordinal and cardinal or ratio responses agreed within the same weighting method. Convergent validity was measured by the degree of agreement between the weights elicited with different methods. External validity was determined by the degree to which weights elicited in this experiment agreed with weights that were elicited with managers of the Department of Energy. In terms of internal consistency, the tradeoff method fared worst. In terms of convergent validity, the pricing out method turned out to be an outlier. In terms of external validity, the pricing out method showed the best results. While the ratio and swing methods are quite consistent and show a fair amount of convergent validity, their external validity problems cast doubt on their usefulness. The main recommendation for applications is to improve the internal consistency of the tradeoff method by careful interactive elicitation and to use it in conjunction with the pricing out method to enhance its external validity.
Scheduling a single batch processing machine with non-identical job sizes

The problem of scheduling jobs with non-identical capacity requirements or sizes on a single batch processing machine to minimize total completion time and makespan is studied. These problems are proven to be NP-hard and heuristics are developed for both, as well as a branch and bound algorithm for the total completion time problem. Computational experiments show that the heuristics are capable of rapidly obtaining near-optimal solutions.
An improved correction formula for the estimation of voice source harmonic magnitudes

Information about voice and talker characteristics, or voice quality, can be gained from glottal flow estimates. Many voice quality parameters, such as the open quotient (OQ), depend on an accurate estimate of the glottal flow (voice source) spectrum. It is known that OQ, for example, is correlated with the magnitude difference of the first two harmonics (H1–H2) of the voice source spectrum [Holmberg et al., ‘‘Comparisons among aerodynamic, electroglottographic, and acoustic spectral measures of female voice,’’ J. Speech Hear. Res. 38, 1212−1223 (1995)]. To obtain an accurate estimate of the voice source spectral harmonics, the influence of vocal−tract resonances needs to be removed. In Hanson, Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University (1995), a correction formula which removes the effect of F1 on H1 and H2 was presented. In this work, an improved correction formula for the estimation of source harmonics′ magnitudes is presented. The new correction formula accounts for the bandwidths of vocal−tract resonance.
An observational study of millimeter-wave recombination lines

Observations of H36-alpha, He36-alpha, H40-alpha, He40-alpha, H44-beta, He44-beta, H45-beta, H50-beta, H50-gamma, H56-delta, H57-gamma, and H60-epsilon radio recombination lines in the 2 and 3 mm telluric windows made with the IRAM 30 m telescope on Pico Veleta, Spain are presented. Sources observed were the H II regions W3, NGC 1976, NGC 2024, Sgr B2, M17, W49, and DR 21. The observations are consistent with non-LTE models based upon centimeter-wave observations. The millimeter-wave recombination lines show no substantive indication of excitation by Lyman line radiation from nearby exciting stars so that conventional departure coefficients may be used with confidence. However, small departures from the expected line ratios have been found in some cases which merit additional investigation. 32 refs.
Fuzzy Boundaries of Sample Selection Model

The issue of uncertainty and ambiguity are the major problem and become complicated in the modeling of econometrics. In this study, we will focus in the context of fuzzy boundaries of the sample selection model. The best approach of accounting for uncertainty and ambiguity is to take advantage of the tools provided by the theory of fuzzy sets. It seems particularly appropriate for modeling vague concepts. Fuzzy sets theory and its properties through the concept of fuzzy number and linguistic variables provide an ideal framework in order to solve the problem of uncertainty data. In this concept paper, we introduce a fuzzy membership function for solving uncertainty data of a sample selection model.
Results from current drive experiments on the Helicity Injected Torus

The Helicity Injected Torus [T. R. Jarboe, Fusion Technol. 15, 7 (1989)] is a low aspect ratio tokamak that is formed and sustained by coaxial helicity injection with no transformer. Toroidal plasma currents of over 200 kA have been achieved with electron temperatures in the 100 eV range and electron density between 1019 and 1020 m−3. The major radius is 0.3 m and the minor radius is 0.2 m. New results from equilibrium and stability analysis of the external magnetic diagnostics and new results from the Transient Internal Probe (TIP), an internal magnetic field diagnostic, are presented. A mechanism for the transfer of current drive on the open to the closed flux regions is presented.
Development of a multispectral active stereo vision system for video surveillance applications

In this paper, a multispectral active stereo vision system is developed for tracking the motion of moving objects in different environment. The development of such a multispectral surveillance system composed by combining visible(color) and infrared sensors. The aim is to behind proposing such a network of visible and thermal sensors is to give an optimal performance in various weather conditions (foggy, snowing, dark and rainy) and increase the detection performance. The detection of moving objects is performed by mean of the optical flow between the images of two different spectrum. The optical flow has been computed by formulating an energy minimization problem and subsequently solving it by a numerical optimization algorithm. The convergence of the numerical scheme is given in case of different images. Finally, a number of experimental results (optical flow from stereo images) are given to prove the applicability of such a system in various applications and situations where a robust surveillance and tracking system is needed.
Extension of Coulomb blockade region by quantum confinement in the ultrasmall silicon dot in a single-hole transistor at room temperature

First room-temperature (RT) observation of extended Coulomb blockade (CB) region due to quantum confinement in the ultrasmall silicon dot in a single-hole transistor (SHT) is described. We fabricate single-dot SHTs in the form of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors with an extremely constricted channel. Both large CB oscillation with the peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) of 40.4 and clear negative differential conductance (NDC) with the PVCR of 11.8 (highest ever reported) are observed at RT in the fabricated device. The observed NDC is attributable to the resonant tunneling due to the large quantum level spacing in the ultrasmall dot whose size is estimated to be about 2 nm.
Genetic algorithm in the structural design of Cooke triplet lenses

This paper is in tune with our efforts to develop a systematic method for multicomponent lens design. Our aim is to find a suitable starting point in the final configuration space, so that popular local search methods like damped least squares (DLS) may directly lead to a useful solution. For 'ab initio' design problems, a thin lens layout specifying the powers of the individual components and the intercomponent separations are worked out analytically. Requirements of central aberration targets for the individual components in order to satisfy the prespecified primary aberration targets for the overall system are then determined by nonlinear optimization. The next step involves structural design of the individual components by optimization techniques. This general method may be adapted for the design of triplets and their derivatives. However, for the thin lens design of a Cooke triplet composed of three airspaced singlets, the two steps of optimization mentioned above may be combined into a single optimization procedure. The optimum configuration for each of the single set, catering to the required Gaussian specification and primary aberration targets for the Cooke triplet, are determined by an application of genetic algorithm (GA). Our implementation of this algorithm is based on simulations of some complex tools of natural evolution, like selection, crossover and mutation. Our version of GA may or may not converge to a unique optimum, depending on some of the algorithm specific parameter values. With our algorithm, practically useful solutions are always available, although convergence to a global optimum can not be guaranteed. This is perfectly in keeping with our need to allow 'floating' of aberration targets in the subproblem level. Some numerical results dealing with our preliminary investigations on this problem are presented.
Change-Point Detection in Two-Phase Regression with Inequality Constraints on the Regression Parameters

Two-phase regression models with inequality constraints on the regression coefficients and with a small number of measurements is considered. A new test based on the likelihood ratio in linear model with inequality constraints for the presence of a change-point is proposed. Numerical approximations to the powers against various alternatives are given and compared with the powers of the likelihood ratio test in the two-phase regression models without inequality constraints, the backwards CUSUM test, and the k-linear-r-ahead recursive residuals tests. Performance of related likelihood based estimators of the change-point is briefly studied in a Monte Carlo experiment.
Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Aerospike Geometry on Aerodynamic Drag and Heat Transfer Rates for a Blunt Body Configuration at Hypersonic Mach Numbers

The effects of aerospike geometry on the drag reduction and heat transfer rates for a large-angle blunt cone flying at hypersonic Mach numbers are investigated in a hypersonic shock tunnel. Two spike geometries are considered. The first is a plain spike with a conical tip and the second is a telescopic aerospike fitted with discs of decreasing diameter in the direction opposite to the flow direction. These aerospikes are fitted to a 120° apex-angle blunt cone and results are investigated at free stream Mach numbers of 5.75 and 7.9 for different angles of attack. The aerodynamic forces are measured using an accelerometer-based force balance system and the heat transfer rates are measured using platinum thin film sensors. It is found that the telescopic aerospike has better drag reduction performance at angles of attack beyond 2° while the performance of the plain aerospike is better for angles of attack closer to zero degrees.
Assessment of a high‐order finite difference upwind scheme for the simulation of convection–diffusion problems

This article deals with the study of the development and application of the high‐order upwind ADBQUICKEST scheme, an adaptative bounded version of the QUICKEST for unsteady problems (Commun. Numer. Meth. Engng 2007; 23:419–445), employing both linear and nonlinear convection term discretization. This scheme is applicable to a wide range of computational fluid dynamics problems, where transport phenomena are of special importance. In particular, the performance of the scheme is assessed through an extensive numerical simulation study of advection–diffusion problems. The scheme, implemented in the context of finite difference methodology, combines a good approximation of shocks (or discontinuities) with a good approximation of the smooth parts of the solutions. In order to assess the performance of the scheme, seven problems are solved, namely (a) advection of scalars; (b) non‐linear viscous Burgers equation; (c) Euler equations of gas dynamics; (d) Newtonian flow in a channel; (e) axisymmetric Newtonian jet flow; (f) axisymmetric non‐Newtonian (generalized Newtonian) flow in a pipe; and (g) collapse of a fluid column. The numerical experiments clearly show that the scheme provides more consistent solutions than those found in the literature. From the study, the flexibility and robustness of the ADBQUICKEST scheme is confirmed by demonstrating its capability to solve a variety of linear and nonlinear problems with and without discontinuous solutions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of fragment number and size distribution in dynamic fracture

The present study is focused on predicting fragment number and size distribution in dynamic fragmentation processes. Because of the unloading effect of release waves arising from fracture nucleations, we consider there to be a minimum value for fragment size. Combined with the assumption that the sites of fracture nucleation are distributed randomly in the sample, we have deduced a set of equations with which the fragment number and size distribution curve could be calculated. Different from previous work, the parameters in this work are all physically determined but not fitted. Comparison with expanding cylindrical shell and ring experiments has been made, showing that the theory has a good predictive capability.
Lattice Boltzmann nemato-dynamics

Lattice Boltzmann (LB) methods have been extensively studied for the mesoscopic modelling of isotropic fluids but little attention has been given to the problem of modelling anisotropic fluids. In this paper an LB scheme is presented which recovers the equations of the Ericksen-Leslie-Parodi theory of nemato-dynamics. The scheme introduces a second distribution which advects with the LB momentum densities and which represents the orientation of an ordered fluid element. The momentum evolution scheme requires the use of a linearized LB scheme with an anisotropic scattering matrix and the director evolution is achieved with an LBGK scheme. Results are presented which are in good agreement with the predictions of a Chapman-Enskog analysis of the algorithm. The method provides an initial step in the development of mesoscopic algorithms for modelling the flow of anisotropic fluids.
A low-cost bidimensional smart pixel network for video coding operations

Optimum visual and hearing qualities at high compression ratios as well as reduced area/power dissipation are key factors for actual and future commercial mobile multimedia devices. In this sense, a real time Smart Pixels Array designed to perform efficiently key video coding operations is presented in this paper. In particular, the array introduced is capable to perform the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Zerotree Entropy (ZTE) Coding and Frame Differencing (FD) over SQCIF images (128×96 pixels) by dividing them into wavelet blocks (8×8 pixels). In order to perform these tasks, the array has been designed as a bidimensional network of interconnected smart pixel processors working in a massively parallel fashion, allowing the operation at very low clock frequencies and hence, low power dissipation. Each of these smart pixels is composed by a photodetector, an analog-digital converter in order to obtain a digital representation of the light intensity received by the photodetector and a Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal placed over the whole surface of the pixel to display the image. Additionally, each pixel has a dedicated circuitry associated which performs all the specific computations related with the three video coding operations previously mentioned, exhibiting a power dissipation of 4.15 μW@128 kHz and a square area of 110x110 μm2 using a 0.25 μm CMOS technology. The array has been integrated into a mobile multimedia device prototype, fully designed at our research centre, capable to send and receive compressed audio and video information with a total power consumption of 1.36 W in an area of 351.5 mm2.
Rolling algorithm with multiple runs — a non-linear discrete optimization algorithm

Abstract Discrete Optimization (DO) problems are often encountered in real world applications. Many researchers believe that DO problems are more difficult to solve than continuous optimization problems, especially when the problems are nonlinear. In addition, although global search heuristics such as the Simulated Annealing (SA) have been successfully applied to many nonlinear DO problems, it is commonly recognized that no single algorithm works well for all problems. Therefore, new alternative algorithms are desired by researchers. In this paper we propose a simple Roiling Algorithm (RA) for solving DO problems. Because RA is easy to implement and takes little resources, we recommend multiple runs of RA for a particular application. We use simulations to show that the RA can be used to solve both discrete and continuous optimization problems. Finally, we observe in our examples that the performance of RA is comparable to that of the SA.
Remarks on the equilibration of high conductivity dynamos

Abstract The saturation mechanisms for a kinematically fast dynamo are examined when the scale of the magnetic field is significantly larger than that of the fluid flow. A truncated nonlinear dynamo model is used, appropriate to high magnetic Reynolds number Rm and low Reynolds number Re . For large-scale fields not only is the chaotic stretching of the fluid flow suppressed but also the energy of the flow. The resulting strong large-scale magnetic field and low amplitude flow may be described using an alpha effect. Furthermore, magnetic fields tend to evolve to the largest scale available in the system.
Classifying Gamma-Ray Bursts using Self-organizing Maps

Using the self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm developed by Kohonen in 1982, we investigate the three gamma-ray burst classes discovered by Mukherjee et al. in 1998 and classify the bursts in the current BATSE catalog. The validity of the classification and the isotropy of the burst classes is examined using well-known statistical methods. We are able to show by this independent unsupervised classifier that two previously observed burst classes are indeed present in BATSE data. We also support the 2000 conclusion of Hakkila et al. that there is no strong statistical signal for the existence of the third class, which might actually be due to an instrumental bias. This result is obtained through our independent analysis method, which is not related to the 2000 analysis of Hakkila et al.
Regularized Waterman and Rayleigh methods: extension to two-dimensional gratings

The origin of the instabilities of the Waterman method was studied previously and an improvement in the method was developed for one-dimensional gratings and s polarization [J. Opt. Soc. Am.15, 1566 (1998)]. Later, the same kind of regularization was used to improve Rayleigh’s expansion method. We show that the same well-adapted regularization process can be generalized to two-dimensional (2D) gratings. Numerical implementations show that the convergence domain of the Waterman method is extended by a factor of ∼40% in the range of groove depth. In the same way, the convergence domain of the Rayleigh expansion method is extended by a factor of ∼35% for 2D sinusoidal gratings. As a consequence, the new versions of Waterman and Rayleigh methods become simple and efficient tools for use in investigating the properties of 2D gratings that have ratios of groove depth to period up to unity.
Artificial Tellegen Particle

Experimental evidence of the nonreciprocal Tellegen magnetoelectric effect is presented. The measured particle consists of a small ferrite sphere and a small piece of a thin metal wire glued to the sphere. The whole system is magnetized by a permanent magnet. The Tellegen effect was observed experimentally when this particle was positioned in a rectangular waveguide and excited by a small wire loop. This result experimentally confirms by a direct observation in the microwave range the known theoretical conclusions and experimental evidences at low frequencies regarding mistakes in some theoretical papers that claimed nonexistence of the Tellegen effect.
EXP ONENTIAL INTEGRABILITY OF THE QUASI-HYPERBOLIC METRIC ON TTöT,DER DOMAINS

A proper subdomain D of Rn is called a Holder domain if for a fixed y in D, the quasi-hyperbolic metric ko(r,y) is bounded by a constant plus a constant multiple of the logarithm of the Euclidean distance from c to the boundary of D. For simply connected planar domains D, it is known that these domains are characterized by the fact that the Riemann mapping function of the unit disk onto D satisfies a Holder condition with some positive exponent. For gr in D fixed, we prove that exp(r,bp(r,y)) is integrable over D for some r > 0. One corollary of this is that the boundaries of these domains have Hausdorff dimension less than n. Other applications pertain to Poincard domains and to averaging domains. Our method involves extending some recent results of Carleson-Jones and Jones-Makarov on simply connected planar domains to multiply connected domains in ,R' by using the quasi-hyperbolic metric'
Nonlinear generation of large-scale magnetic fields in forced spherical shell dynamos

In an earlier paper [P. W. Livermore, D. W. Hughes, and S. M. Tobias, “The role of helicity and stretching in forced kinematic dynamos in a spherical shell,” Phys. Fluids 19, 057101 (2007)], we considered the kinematic dynamo action resulting from a forced helical flow in a spherical shell. Although mean field electrodynamics suggests that the resulting magnetic field should have a significant mean (axisymmetric) component, we found no evidence for this; the dynamo action was distinctly small scale. Here we extend our investigation into the nonlinear regime in which the magnetic field reacts back on the velocity via the Lorentz force. Our main result is somewhat surprising, namely, that nonlinear effects lead to a considerable change in the structure of the magnetic field, its final state having a significant mean component. By investigating the dominant flow-field interactions, we isolate the dynamo mechanism and show schematically how the generation process differs between the kinematic and nonlinear re.
A depth‐integrated non‐hydrostatic finite element model for wave propagation

This paper presents a two‐dimensional finite element model for simulating dynamic propagation of weakly dispersive waves. Shallow water equations including extra non‐hydrostatic pressure terms and a depth‐integrated vertical momentum equation are solved with linear distributions assumed in the vertical direction for the non‐hydrostatic pressure and the vertical velocity. The model is developed based on the platform of a finite element model, CCHE2D. A physically bounded upwind scheme for the advection term discretization is developed, and the quasi second‐order differential operators of this scheme result in no oscillation and little numerical diffusion. The depth‐integrated non‐hydrostatic wave model is solved semi‐implicitly: the provisional flow velocity is first implicitly solved using the shallow water equations; the non‐hydrostatic pressure, which is implicitly obtained by ensuring a divergence‐free velocity field, is used to correct the provisional velocity, and finally the depth‐integrated continuity equation is explicitly solved to satisfy global mass conservation. The developed wave model is verified by an analytical solution and validated by laboratory experiments, and the computed results show that the wave model can properly handle linear and nonlinear dispersive waves, wave shoaling, diffraction, refraction and focusing. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.