Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systemic BCG Immunization Induces Persistent Lung Mucosal Multifunctional CD4 TEM Cells which Expand Following Virulent Mycobacterial Challenge

To more closely understand the mechanisms of how BCG vaccination confers immunity would help to rationally design improved tuberculosis vaccines that are urgently required. Given the established central role of CD4 T cells in BCG induced immunity, we sought to characterise the generation of memory CD4 T cell responses to BCG vaccination and M. bovis infection in a murine challenge model. We demonstrate that a single systemic BCG vaccination induces distinct systemic and mucosal populations of T effector memory (TEM) cells in vaccinated mice. These CD4+CD44hiCD62LloCD27− T cells concomitantly produce IFN-γ and TNF-α, or IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α and have a higher cytokine median fluorescence intensity MFI or ‘quality of response’ than single cytokine producing cells. These cells are maintained for long periods (>16 months) in BCG protected mice, maintaining a vaccine–specific functionality. Following virulent mycobacterial challenge, these cells underwent significant expansion in the lungs and are, therefore, strongly associated with protection against M. bovis challenge. Our data demonstrate that a persistent mucosal population of TEM cells can be induced by parenteral immunization, a feature only previously associated with mucosal immunization routes; and that these multifunctional TEM cells are strongly associated with protection. We propose that these cells mediate protective immunity, and that vaccines designed to increase the number of relevant antigen-specific TEM in the lung may represent a new generation of TB vaccines.
Object Manipulation in a Captive Group of Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus nigritus)

Resende, B. D. , Greco, V.L. G. , Ottoni, E.B. and Izar, P. 2003. Some observations on the predation of small mammals by tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Neotrop. Primates 11 (2):103–104. Rose, L. 1997. Vertebrate predation and food-sharing in Cebus and Pan. Int. J. Primatol. 18: 727–765. Rylands, A. B. , Kierulff, M. C. M. and Mittermeier, R. A. 2005. Notes on the taxonomy and distribution of the tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus, Cebidae) of South America. Lundiana, 6: 97–110. Sampaio, T. D. and Ferrari, S. F. 2005. Predation of an Infant Titi Monkey (Callicebus moloch) by a Tufted Capuchin (Cebus apella). Folia Primatol. 76: 113–115. Steklis, H. D. and King, G. E. 1978. The craniocervical killing bite: Toward an ethology of primate predatory behavior. J. Hum. Evol. (1978) 7: 567–581. Terborgh, J. 1983. Five new world monkeys, a study in comparative ecology. Princeton University Press, New Jersey. Tribe, C. J. 1996. The neotropical genus Rhipidomys (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) – a taxonomic revision. Doctoral thesis. University College London.
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology Using New Data Structure to Implement Documents Vectors in Vector Space Model in Information Retrieval System

In this paper, we present how table memorized semiring structure contributes in the vector space model in information retrieval system. We implement this new structure by generating table for each document and the first row filled with key word and the second row filled with weight for each word. This new structure implements using 242 Arabic documents which were presented in the Saudi Arabian National Computer Conference. The new method (technique) shows a new result which is more efficient than traditional structure and can save space. The results also show that when we used traditional structure system it occupies 204248 × units to implement vectors, but in new data structure system it occupies 5388×unit which means that we saved more than 198860 space units. 1. INTRODUCTION: The world witnesses a huge informational revolution that brings out lots of information and researches. Researching for this information without using search engines is a hard task or it is impossible to gain accurate information without them. Besides, the importance of information retrieval sciences has evolved. This science depended only on libraries in the past, but with the widespread of internet, there was an increasing need for programs and software that facilitate accessing the information accurately and quickly. Upon this science lies the responsibility to organize the search outcome.
Simple quality-of-service path first protocol and modeling analysis

QoS (quality-of-service) control is one of the most important mechanisms in the next-generation Internet, where QoS routing (QoSR) is a promising solution. We propose a multi-constrained intradomain QoS routing protocol SQOSPF. The advantages of this protocol include easy implementation, multi-constrained QoS support, high-speed convergence and multiple QoSR algorithms support. Stochastic Petri net is employed to model SQOSPF and analyze impacts of update threshold and routing holding time upon the load of networks and routers. Extensive simulations show that choosing appropriate update threshold and routing holding time can excessively reduce the extra load and keep routing performance at the same time.
Postlicensure safety surveillance for 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

CONTEXT Clinical trials evaluate a vaccine's safety before approval, but some risks may escape detection or adequate characterization until larger population exposures occur after licensure. OBJECTIVE To summarize reports of events occurring after vaccination with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), including those that may warrant further investigation to assess possible causation by PCV. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology of reports submitted to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a national passive surveillance database. SETTING AND PATIENTS United States during first 2 years after licensure of PCV (February 2000 through February 2002). Reports studied were for children younger than 18 years and vaccinated with PCV. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Numbers and proportional distributions of reports. RESULTS A total of 4154 reports of events following PCV were submitted to VAERS, for a rate of 13.2 reports per 100,000 doses distributed. Multiple vaccines were given in 74.3% of reports. The most frequently reported symptoms and signs included fever, injection site reactions, fussiness, rashes, and urticaria. Serious events were described in 14.6% of reports. There were 117 deaths, 23 reports of positive rechallenges, and 34 cases of invasive pneumococcal infections possibly representing vaccine failure. Immune-mediated events occurred in 31.3% of reports. All 14 patients with anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions survived. Thrombocytopenia developed in 14 patients and serum sickness in 6 others. Neurologic symptoms occurred in 38% of reports. Seizures described in 393 reports included 94 febrile seizures. CONCLUSIONS The majority of reports to VAERS in the first 2 years after licensure of PCV described generally minor adverse events previously identified in clinical trials. The proportion of reports portraying serious events was similar to that for other vaccines. Although there are important limitations in passive surveillance data, and caution in their interpretation is necessary, symptoms experienced by a few children more than once after successive PCV doses, including allergic reactions, prolonged or abnormal crying, fussiness, dyspnea, and gastrointestinal distress, warrant continued surveillance, as do reports of rare but potentially serious events, such as seizures, anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions, serum sickness, and thrombocytopenia.
New Frontiers for the NFIL3 bZIP Transcription Factor in Cancer, Metabolism and Beyond

The bZIP transcription factor NFIL3 (Nuclear factor Interleukin 3 regulated, also known as E4 binding protein 4, E4BP4) regulates diverse biological processes from circadian rhythm to cellular viability. Recently, a host of novel roles have been identified for NFIL3 in immunological signal transduction, cancer, aging and metabolism. Elucidating the signaling pathways that are impacted by NFIL3 and the regulatory mechanisms that it targets, inhibits or activates will be critical for developing a clearer picture of its physiological roles in disease and normal processes. This review will discuss the recent advances and emerging issues regarding NFIL3-mediated transcriptional regulation of CEBPb and FOXO1 activated genes and signal transduction.
How to induce resistance to the misinformation effect? Characteristics of positive feedback in the reinforced self-affirmation procedure

ABSTRACT The memory misinformation effect consists in the inclusion in witness testimonies of information from sources other than the given event. In the present article, research which aims to make people resistant to misinformation is presented. It is based on reinforced self-affirmation (RSA), a method designed to enhance participants’ self-confidence and therefore make them more willing to rely on their own memories instead of external sources. RSA includes self-affirmation and positive feedback. In the present research, the efficacy of various kinds of positive feedback was explored. The results of Experiment 1 suggested that positive feedback relating to memory (MemRSA) is effective in reducing the misinformation effect, while positive feedback relating to general cognitive ability is not. In Experiment 2, the superiority of MemRSA over inefficient feedback relating to attention was demonstrated. In Experiment 3, MemRSA was again effective, and more effective than inducing convictions about the independence of judgements, but this also reduced the misinformation effect. The results are discussed from the perspective of witnesses who remember the correct information yet rely on external sources due to a lack of confidence in t aforementioned heir memories.
Augmented Naive Bayesian Classifiers for Mixed-Mode Data

Conventional Bayesian networks often require discretization of continuous variables prior to learning. It is important to investigate Bayesian networks allowing mixed-mode data, in order to better represent data distributions as well as to avoid the overfitting problem. However, this attempt imposes potential restrictions to a network construction algorithm, since certain dependency has not been well modeled statistically. This work first introduces parametrical representation for dependencies among mixed-mode variables. It then proposes two associated structure learning algorithms, both intend to augment a naive Bayesian network. Experiments on a medical diagnosis application show that a naive Bayes with parametrical representation works significantly better than the one with pre-discretization, while a clique-augmented naive Bayes makes a slight further improvement.
Classification Tree for Risk Assessment in Patients Suffering From Congestive Heart Failure via Long-Term Heart Rate Variability

This study aims to develop an automatic classifier for risk assessment in patients suffering from congestive heart failure (CHF). The proposed classifier separates lower risk patients from higher risk ones, using standard long-term heart rate variability (HRV) measures. Patients are labeled as lower or higher risk according to the New York Heart Association classification (NYHA). A retrospective analysis on two public Holter databases was performed, analyzing the data of 12 patients suffering from mild CHF (NYHA I and II), labeled as lower risk, and 32 suffering from severe CHF (NYHA III and IV), labeled as higher risk. Only patients with a fraction of total heartbeats intervals (RR) classified as normal-to-normal (NN) intervals (NN/RR) higher than 80% were selected as eligible in order to have a satisfactory signal quality. Classification and regression tree (CART) was employed to develop the classifiers. A total of 30 higher risk and 11 lower risk patients were included in the analysis. The proposed classification trees achieved a sensitivity and a specificity rate of 93.3% and 63.6%, respectively, in identifying higher risk patients. Finally, the rules obtained by CART are comprehensible and consistent with the consensus showed by previous studies that depressed HRV is a useful tool for risk assessment in patients suffering from CHF.
DC GRIDS: New over current protection

Fuses and Circuit Breakers play an important safety role in electrical transportation systems. Challenging new applications, especially in DC grids, have brought conventional current limiting devices to their limits. Indeed, mechanical circuit breakers may be too slow to open for networks with large DC fault currents. On the other hand, fuses may be too slow to open with very low DC fault currents. For AC applications, the natural zero crossing will help clear fault currents. In DC applications, the no natural zero crossing makes clearing faults by conventional current limiting technologies difficult. This paper presents a new solution to protect DC transportation using a fuse and pyroswitch hybrid system. This will apply to PV generation, energy storage, Electric Vehicles.
Toward a data sonification design space map

We propose a systematic approach for reasoning about experimental sonification designs for a given type of dataset. Starting from general data properties, the approach recommends initial strategies, and lists possible refinements to consider in the design process. An overview of the strategies included is presented as a mental (and visual) map, and the refinement steps to consider correspond to movements on the map. The main purpose of this approach is to extract ’theory’ from ’observation’ (in our case, of design practice), similar to grounded theory in sociology [1]: to make implicit knowledge (often expressed in ’natural’ ad hoc decisions by sonification experts) explicit and thus available for reflection, discussion, learning, and application in design work. This approach is the result of analysing design sessions which took place in an interdisciplinary sonification workshop ’Science By Ear’ [2], held in March 2006. In order to explain the concept in practice as well, a set of workshop sessions on one dataset is analysed here in the terms proposed. [
Self-organizing neural network architectures for computing visual depth from motion parallax

The analysis describes some of the issues involved in constructing a self-organizing neural network that can learn to perform a high-level vision task, depth perception from motion parallax, without guidance from an external teacher. An examination is made of how motion parallax conveys depth information. A network structure is presented for detecting and representing depth from motion parallax. How a depth-sensitive network can self-organize is also examined. <<ETX>>
Apie bandymą atverti juodąsias mokslo dėžes (1)

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba] Studijoje, kurią sudaro trys dalys – kritiškas Bruno Latouro teorijos pristatymas, tyrimo aprašymas ir tyrimo rezultatų apibendrinimas, – analizuojamas sociologinis gamtos mokslų atstovų mokslinės veiklos tyrimas. Tai yra didaktinis eksperimentas, kai, vykstant diskusijų grupių svarstymams, siekta sukelti epistemologinį lūžį. Mokslo sociologinių tyrimų požiūriu epistemologinis lūžis gali būti interpretuojamas kaip perėjimas nuo socialumo sociologijos taikymo mokslinei veiklai tyrinėti prie mokslą ir technologijas analizuojančios perteikimo sociologijos arba veikėjo tinklo teorijos, kuri į asociacijų tinklus įtraukia nesocialiais tradicinio socialumo požiūriu laikomus rykus, gamtos objektus, būtybes. Didaktiniame eksperimente dalyvavę sociologijos studentai pozityviai įvertino epistemologinio lūžio patirtį sociologijos sampratos formavimosi arba sociologijos didaktikos požiūriu. Šiame numeryje publikuojama pirmoji studijos dalis, skirta B. Latouro teorijai.
Fixed- and Variable-Rate Tenders in the Management of Liquidity by the Eurosystem: Implications of the Recent Credit Crisis

Most liquidity-providing operations of the European Central Bank (ECB) have been conducted through variable-rate tenders. However, fixed rates were first employed in the main refinancing operations (MROs) and are still used in other liquidity management operations. In October 2008, the ECB decided to carry MROs again at a fixed rate. In a simple threestage game in which banks can obtain liquidity through the open-market operations of the ECB, through interbank transactions, or through “standing facilities,” this paper revisits the dilemma between fixed- and variable-rate procedures, with an emphasis on the scenarios that are particularly relevant under the recent credit crisis, namely collateral shortage, rationing in the interbank market, and non-acute estimation by the ECB of the system’s liquidity needs.
Classification of various facial movement artifacts in EEG signals

In this paper, a novel approach to classify various facial movement artifacts in EEG signals is presented. EEG signals were obtained in EEG Laboratory from three healthy human subjects in age groups between 28 and 30 years old and on different days. Extracted feature vectors based on root mean square, polynomial fitting and Hjorth descriptors were classified by k-nearest neighbor algorithm. The proposed method was successfully applied to the data sets and achieved an average classification rate of 94% on the test data.
BRAIN TUMOR SEGMENTATION USING CONVOLUTION NEURAL NETWORK

Picture division is a standout amongst the most imperative undertakings in restorative picture investigation and is frequently the first and the most basic stride in numerous clinical applications. In mind MRI investigation, picture division is ordinarily utilized for measuring and imagining the cerebrum's anatomical structures, for examining mind changes, for portraying neurotic districts and for surgical arranging and picture guided intercessions. Over the most recent couple of decades, different division strategies of various precision and level of multifaceted nature have been produced and detailed in the writing. In this paper we survey the most prominent strategies generally utilized for cerebrum MRI division. We highlight contrasts amongst them and talk about their abilities, focal points and restrictions. To address the many-sided quality and difficulties of the mind MRI division issue, we first present the essential ideas of picture division then we clarify distinctive MRI pre-handling steps including picture enlistment, inclination field amendment, and evacuation of non-cerebrum tissue. At last, in the wake of surveying diverse mind MRI division techniques, we examine the approval issue in cerebrum MRI division arrangement strategies utilize information with known names to parcel picture include space. Picture components are normally force values yet can be likewise identified with surface or other picture properties. Managed order requires preparing pictures, which are physically divided and afterward utilized as references for programmed division of new pictures.
Draft-Do Not Cite 1 Visual Depictions of Decision Statements : What ' s Best for Programmers and Non-programmers ?

Users who are technically sophisticated, but not programmers, are sometimes expected to be involved in requirements, code, or design reviews. To support the search for a common non-code representation to be shared by software developers and these sophisticated users, two experiments were performed to investigate comprehension times of decision structures presented graphically and as text. The results show that small adjustments in graphical notations can produce measurable improvements of comprehension time. In addition, although graphical presentations were uniformly more slowly understood than textual representations, non-programmers were slowed less than programmers. This is encouraging in that there may be graphical representations that non-programmers find helpful, although these depictions may not decrease programmers' comprehension speeds.
Metasurfaces designed by coordinate transformations

Metasurfaces are thin metamaterial layers characterized by unusual reflection properties of plane waves and/or dispersion properties of surface/guided waves. Properly modulated metasurfaces can be used to transform an incoming surface wave field into a different wavefield configuration with desired properties. This work proposes a systematic approach to design a large number of metasurface-based devices based on a metasurface transformation theory. This approach represents an extension of the Transformation Optics method to control the wavefront of surface waves through the use of modulated metasurfaces.
Short Text Categorization via Coherence Constraints

In this article we propose a quantitative approach to a relatively new problem: categorizing text as pragmatically correct or pragmatically incorrect (forcing the notion, coherent/incoherent). The typical text categorization criterions comprise categorization by topic, by style (genre classification, authorship identification), by expressed opinion (opinion mining, sentiment classification), etc. Very few approaches consider the problem of categorizing text by degree of coherence. One example of application of text categorization by its coherence is creating a spam filter for personal e-mail accounts able to cope with one of the new strategies adopted by spamers. This strategy consists of encoding the real message as picture (impossible to directly analyze and reject by the text oriented classical filters) and accompanying it by a text especially designed to surpass the filter. An important question for automatically categorizing texts into coherent and incoherent is: are there features that can be extracted from these texts and be successfully used to categorize them? We propose a quantitative approach that relies on the use of ratios between morphological categories from the texts as discriminant features. We use supervised machine learning techniques on a small corpus of English e-mail messages and let the algorithms extract important features from all the pos ratios. The results are encouraging.
Calibrations and isoperimetric profiles

We equip many noncompact nonsimply connected surfaces with smooth Riemannian metrics whose isoperimetric profile is smooth, a highly nongeneric property. The computation of the profile is based on a calibration argument, a rearrangement argument, the Bol-Fiala curvature dependent inequality, together with new results on the profile of surfaces of revolution and some hardware know-how.