Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mining Exceptional Activity Patterns in Microstructure Data

Market Surveillance plays an important role in maintaining market integrity, transparency and fairness. The existing trading pattern analysis only focuses on interday data which discloses explicit and high-level market dynamics. In the mean time, the existing market surveillance systems are facing challenges of misuse, mis-disclosure and misdealing of information, announcement and order in one market or crossing multiple markets. Therefore, there is a crucial need to develop workable methods for smart surveillance. To deal with such issues, we propose an innovative methodology - microstructure activity pattern analysis. Based on this methodology, a case study in identifying exceptional microstructure activity patterns is carried out. The experiments on real-life stock data show that microstructure activity pattern analysis opens a new and effective means for crucially understanding and analysing market dynamics. The resulting findings such as exceptional microstructure activity patterns can greatly enhance the learning, detection, adaption and decision-making capability of market surveillance.
Free Tissue Transfer in Treatment of the Recalcitrant Chronic Venous Ulcer

We propose that a long-term cure for the recalcitrant chronic venous ulcer must involve a dual surgical approach including (1) wide excision of the ulcer and surrounding liposclerotic tissue bed, and (2) replacement by a free flap containing multiple, competent microvenous valves with a normal microcirculation. Advantages of free flaps over skin grafting include improvement of the underlying pathophysiology; increase in blood supply to the area; ability to cover exposed bone, joint, or tendon; and a lower incidence of recurrence. During the past 8 years, 20 consecutive muscle free flaps were performed in 18 patients for 19 recalcitrant venous ulcers (two “sequential” flaps to the ipsilateral leg in 1 patient and a repeat flap after initial failure in 1 patient). Twelve males and 6 females ranged in age from 17 to 76 years (mean, 44 years). Nontraumatic, nonosteomyelitic venous ulcers had been present for an average of 3.5 years (range, 1–10 years) and failed an average of 2.4 skin grafts (range, 0–6 grafts). Defects ranged from 100 to 600 cm2 (mean, 238 cm2). Donor tissues included rectus abdominis (N = 13), latissimus dorsi (N = 5), gracilis (N = 1), and serratus (N = 1) muscles. Recipient vessels included posterior tibial (N = 12), anterior tibial (N = 6), and peroneal (N = 2). In all instances except one, only one vein, usually one of the venae comitantes, was anastomosed in end-to-end fashion. Successful free tissue transfer was accomplished in 18 of 20 flaps (90%). Complications included infection with partial flap and/or skin graft loss (three flaps), and partial skin graft loss (two flaps). There were no recurrences within the flaps; however, breakdown occurred at the junction between the flap and residual adjacent liposclerotic skin in 1 patient. Follow-up averaged 32.7 months (range, 8–65 months); 3 patients were lost to follow-up. Free muscle transfer can provide a long-term cure for the recalcitrant venous ulcer by replacing the diseased tissue bed with healthy tissue containing multiple, competent microvenous valves and a normal microcirculation. This can be accomplished in one reconstructive procedure with excellent long-term results.
Computers in Mediated Human Activity

In this article, I investigate an alternative place for the computer with respect to human cognition. Instead of the computer as a model of the human being, I explore the computer in its role as mediator of human activity based on activity theory. In particular, I discuss various metaphors for this role, including that of a tool, and I look at possible roles for the computer in development of human work activity. I emphasize further the importance of the design of this alternative place. I use an example from a computer application in use in a real work setting to illustrate my points.
Natural hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite for bone substitute materials

We developed the natural hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite that could be molded into any desired shape. The powder component consists of natural hydroxyapatite, which is epurated from bone of pigs. The liquid component consists of malic acid and chitosan. To study the possibility of the composite on repairing bone defects, 15 white rabbits were each operated on left tibias to create two square bone defects. One of the defects was reconstructed with the composite; the other was not repaired as a blank control. 3 of the animals were killed at the end of 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks respectively to be evaluated with anatomy and histology. No apparent reject reaction was found, except for a mild inflammatory infiltrate found at postoperative 2 weeks. Fibrous tissue became thinner at postoperative 2-8 weeks and bony connection was partly shown at postoperative 12 weeks. The new bone was the same as the recipient bone at postoperative 16 weeks. The hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite has good biocompatibility and osteoconduction. It is a potential repairing material for clinical application
The Fanconi Anemia Ortholog FANCM Ensures Ordered Homologous Recombination in Both Somatic and Meiotic Cells in Arabidopsis[W]

Arabidopsis FANCM, a homolog of human FANCM, is involved in the suppression of somatic homologous recombination. Here, it is shown that At-FANCM also plays a key role in meiosis, as it ensures the controlled formation of genetic exchange by suppressing erroneous interactions between parental genomes and by controlling meiotic crossover formation between homologs. The human hereditary disease Fanconi anemia leads to severe symptoms, including developmental defects and breakdown of the hematopoietic system. It is caused by single mutations in the FANC genes, one of which encodes the DNA translocase FANCM (for Fanconi anemia complementation group M), which is required for the repair of DNA interstrand cross-links to ensure replication progression. We identified a homolog of FANCM in Arabidopsis thaliana that is not directly involved in the repair of DNA lesions but suppresses spontaneous somatic homologous recombination via a RecQ helicase (At-RECQ4A)–independent pathway. In addition, it is required for double-strand break–induced homologous recombination. The fertility of At-fancm mutant plants is compromised. Evidence suggests that during meiosis At-FANCM acts as antirecombinase to suppress ectopic recombination-dependent chromosome interactions, but this activity is antagonized by the ZMM pathway to enable the formation of interference-sensitive crossovers and chromosome synapsis. Surprisingly, mutation of At-FANCM overcomes the sterility phenotype of an At-MutS homolog4 mutant by apparently rescuing a proportion of crossover-designated recombination intermediates via a route that is likely At-MMS and UV sensitive81 dependent. However, this is insufficient to ensure the formation of an obligate crossover. Thus, At-FANCM is not only a safeguard for genome stability in somatic cells but is an important factor in the control of meiotic crossover formation.
An intensive weight loss programme in established Type 2 diabetes and controls: effects on weight and atherosclerosis risk factors at 1 year

The efficacy, safety, and effect on cardiovascular risk factors of two intensive weight loss programmes in overweight Type 2 diabetic subjects were studied. The patients were recruited from hospital diabetic clinics and control obese subjects from the community. Obese (BMI >30) patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and controls were offered intensive conventional diabetic advice or a very low calorie diet. Weekly 2 h sessions were conducted in two day‐room areas of adjacent medical wards of Torbay Hospital. Non‐diabetic and diabetic very low calorie diet groups reduced BMI by 6 and 5 kg m−2, respectively, at 1 year. Waist–hip ratios (−0.06 and −0.05) were also reduced (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01), while HDL/total cholesterol ratios increased (+0.04 and +0.06, p = <0.01). Transient changes in blood pressure and antioxidant vitamin status occurred in the intensive conventional diet group. Fourteen of diabetic very low calorie diet subjects discontinued insulin and oral hypoglycaemic agents for the whole year, and psychological well‐being transiently improved. Substantial weight loss and improvement in cardiovascular risk factors could be maintained for 1 year in Type 2 diabetic patients by the use of a very low calorie diet. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Educational leadership that fosters ‘student voice’

This special issue focuses on a controversial topic that has been kept off the official agenda for far too long in educational circles. The question of how to pursue forms of leadership that listen to and attend to the voices of the most informed, yet marginalized witnesses of schooling, young people, has to the most urgent issue of our times. It is no coincidence that disengagement from school by young adolescents has intensified at precisely the same time as there has been a hardening of educational policy regimes that have made schools less hospitable places for students and teachers. There can be little doubt from the accumulating research evidence that as conditions conducive to learning in schools deteriorate through emphases on accountability, standards, measurement, and high stakes testing, that increasing numbers of students of colour and those from urban, working class, and minority backgrounds are making active choices that school is not for them. When students feel their lives, experiences, cultures, and aspirations are ignored, trivialized, or denigrated by school and the curriculum, they develop a hostility to the institution of schooling. They feel that schooling is simply not worth the emotional and psychological investment necessary to warrant their serious involvement. If we want evidence that muscular policies of testing, scripted and prescribed teaching, an ethos of competition, along with dehumanized and irrelevant curricula are not working for large numbers of students, then we need look no further than the 30‐40% of students in most western countries who are not completing high school. The proportions of students of colour, those from working class families, and minorities for whom schooling is a diminished, humiliating, unsatisfying, and an unrewarding preparation for life, is even larger. Policies of fear, punishment, and retribution are a recipe for marginalization and exile. For all our futures, we need to explore the kind of options being advanced by the authors in this issue. To borrow from Australian sociologist Bob Connell, we are living in dark times in which the current policy direction in schooling can only be characterized as being an ‘amorphous mess’ (Connell 1985: 73). The notion of teaching as ‘a gift relation’ (Connell 1996: 6) founded on the notion of ‘a public rather than a private interest’, is under siege and possibly
Mapping the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS-16) to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate how the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) can be used to create coded functional status indicators specific for stroke from a simple stroke-specific functional index, the Stroke Impact Scale-16 (SIS-16). SUBJECTS Nineteen professionals for the mapping portion and 8 persons with stroke for the cognitive debriefing portion. METHODS Participants were asked to identify appropriate codes for the corresponding items of the SIS-16 following a structured protocol for mapping measures to the ICF. A Delphi technique was used in order to reach consensus for as many items as possible. In addition, cognitive debriefing was conducted with persons with stroke. RESULTS A total of 13 items had Functional Status Indicators endorsed (8 items at the 4 digit level and 5 items at the 3 digit level). There were 3 items that did not reach consensus. The cognitive debriefing sessions demonstrated the differences in interpretation from the persons with stroke and the intentions by the developers. CONCLUSION This study has shown how the ICF can capture most items from functional status measures, such as the SIS-16. Furthermore, the items can be used to map onto a standard coding framework, illustrating the potential for increased use of Functional Status Indicators.
Interferon‐gamma gene and protein are spontaneously expressed by the porcine trophectoderm early in gestation

The nature and the source of the antiviral activity found in the reproductive tract of pregnant gilts early in gestation were analyzed. Two antigenically distinct antiviral activities were found in uterine flushings and in supernatants of conceptus‐conditioned culture medium between days 12 and 20 of gestation, using Madin Darby bovine kidney cells and vesicular stomatitis virus as a challenge in the antiviral bioassay. One component was antigenically identified as interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ). Northern blot analysis of conceptus poly(A)+ RNA with a human IFN‐γ cDNA probe revealed two mRNA of 1.3 and 1.4 kb. In addition, immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled conceptus secretory proteins with an antiserum raised against purified porcine rIFN‐γ resulted in four bands in sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with molecular mass 18.5 to 24.5 kDa. Pre‐electrophoresis incubation of the immunoprecipitate with glycopeptidase F, which removes N‐linked carbohydrates, yielded a single band of 16.5 kDa. Finally, staining of ultrathin sections by indirect immunofluorescence using the same antiserum to rIFN‐γ revealed that all cells of extra‐embryonic trophectoderm contained intensely fluorescent granules in their apical cytoplasm. Neither endoderm nor embryonic cells stained positive. These results clearly show that IFN‐γ, known so far as a T or NK cell‐derived lymphokine, is spontaneously and intensively secreted by the porcine trophectoderm, an embryonic tissue not related to the hematopoietic lineage. They also suggest that the implanting conceptus, at least in the porcine species, could play an active role in immune interactions with the mother.
Apparent diffusion coefficient in the evaluation of cerebral gliomas malignancy.

BACKGROUND/AIM Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a key modality not only for lesion diagnosis, but also to evaluate the extension, type and grade of the tumor. Advanced MRI techniques provide physiologic information that complements the anatomic information available from conventional MRI. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps of intracranial glial tumors and histopathologic findings and whether ADCs can reliably distinguish low-grade from high-grade gliomas. METHODS This retrospective study included 25 patients with MRI examination up to seven days before surgery, according to the standard protocol with the following sequences: T1WI, T2WI, FLAIR, DWI and post contrast T1WI. Data obtained from DW MRI were presented by measuring the value of ADC. The ADC map was determined by utilizing Diffusion-Perfusion (DP) Tools software. All the patients underwent surgical resection of the tumor. Histological diagnosis of tumors was determined according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. The ADC values were compared with the histopathologic findings according to the WHO criteria. RESULTS The ADC values of astrocytomas grades I (0.000614 +/- 0.000032 mm2/s) were significantly higher (< 0.001) than the ADC values of anaplastic astrocytomas (0.000436 +/- 0.000016 mm2/s) and the ADC values of glioblastomas multiforme (0.000070 +/- 0.000008 mm2/s). The ADC values of astrocytomas grades II (0.000530 +/- 0.000114 mm2/s) were significantly higher (< 0.001) than the ADC values of anaplastic astrocytomas (0.000436 +/- 0.000016 mm2/s) and glioblastomas multiforme (0.000070 +/- 0.000008 mm2/s). The ADC values of anaplastic astrocy-omas (0.000436 +/- 0.000016 mm2/s) were significantly higher (< 0.001) than the ADC values of glioblastomas multiforme (0.000070 +/- 0.000008 mm2/s). The ADC values in the cystic part of the tumor for astrocytomas grades I (0.000775 +/- 0.000023 mm2/s) were significantly higher (< 0.001) than the ADC values of anaplastic astrocytomas (0.000119 +/- 0.000246 mm2/s) and glioblastomas multiforme (0.000076 +/- 0.000004 mm2/s). The ADC values astrocytomas grades II (0.000511 +/- 0.000421 mm2/s) were significantly higher (< 0.001) than the ADC values of glioblastomas multiforme (0.000076 +/- 0.000004 mm2/s). CONCLUSION DWI with calculation of ADC maps can be regarded as a reliable useful diagnostic tool, which indirectly reflects the proliferation and malignancy of gliomas. The ADCs maps can both predict the results of histopathological tumor and distinguish between low- and high-grade gliomas, and provide significant information for presurgical planning, treatment and prognosis for patients with high-grade astrocytomas.
Students' perception on the use of visual tilings to support their learning of programming concepts

In this research, we explore the use of visual tiling patterns (tilings for short) in the teaching of basic programming concepts to novice students. Tilings are made by connecting regular polygons side-by-side and their construction can be defined by the use of a simple set of commands. We believe tilings are a suitable context to situate the learning of elementary programming concepts for beginning programmers. The importance of placing commands in a proper sequence, of grouping a set of commands and using them repetitively, and of identifying logical errors can be demonstrated using tilings. We have created a prototype, which allows learners to create tilings based on a simple textual language, and used it within an introductory programming class at a Chinese university, where most students have minimal or no programming experience. After using the prototype in class, we conducted a class survey asking students about their perception of the usefulness of such the tool to support their learning. In this paper, we report the findings and our experiences using the tool.
Clinical and psychological correlates of quality-of-life in polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been shown to cause a reduction in quality of life. This study examines the extent of different PCOS symptoms on quality-of-life, psychosocial well-being and sexual satisfaction. METHODS Complete metabolic, hormonal, clinical and psychosocial data were obtained from a total of 120 women with PCOS. Patients were compared with 50 healthy women to establish reductions in quality-of-life and emotional well-being. In addition, the correlation between psychosocial variables and the major clinical PCOS features obesity (body mass index (BMI)), excessive body hair (hirsutism score), acne, hyperandrogenism (serum testosterone levels), disturbed insulin regulation (area under the insulin response curve and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), menstrual cycle disturbances and infertility were analyzed. RESULTS PCOS patients showed significant reductions in quality-of-life, increased psychological disturbances, and decreased sexual satisfaction when compared with healthy controls. BMI and hirsutism scores, but not the presence of acne, were associated with physical aspects of quality-of-life and sexual satisfaction. No clear effect of androgens or insulin resistance on psychosocial variables was detected. Similarly, the type of menstrual cycle disturbances or infertility had no impact on psychological well-being. CONCLUSION In PCOS, changes in appearance, particularly obesity and hirsutism, reduce physical dimensions of quality-of-life and decrease sexual satisfaction. The role of biochemical, endocrine and metabolic parameters as well as menstrual irregularities and infertility appeared to be less important. Clinicians should pay attention to the psychosocial dimensions of PCOS on an individual basis, regardless of symptom severity or treatment response.
Distributions of leptin receptor mRNA isoforms in the rat brain

Leptin, secreted by white adipocytes, has profound feeding, metabolic, and neuroendocrine effects. Leptin acts on the brain, but the specific anatomic sites and pathways responsible for mediating these effects are still unclear. We have systematically examined distributions of mRNA of leptin receptor isoforms in the rat brain by using a probe specific for the long form and a probe recognizing all known forms of the leptin receptor. The mRNA for the long form of the receptor (OB‐Rb) localized to selected nuclear groups in the rat brain. Within the hypothalamus, dense hybridization was observed in the arcuate, dorsomedial, ventromedial, and ventral premamillary nuclei. Within the dorsomedial nucleus, particularly intense hybridization was observed in the caudal regions of the nucleus ventral to the compact formation. Receptors were preferentially localized to the dorsomedial division of the ventromedial nucleus. Hybridization accumulated throughout the arcuate nucleus, extending from the retrochiasmatic region to the posterior periventricular region. Moderate hybridization was observed in the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area, medial mammillary nucleus, posterior hypothalamic nucleus, nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, and within substantia nigra pars compacta. Several thalamic nuclei were also found to contain dense hybridization. These groups included the mediodorsal, ventral anterior, ventral medial, submedial, ventral posterior, and lateral dorsal thalamic nuclei. Hybridization was also observed in the medial and lateral geniculate nuclei. Intense hybridization was observed in the Purkinje and granular cell layers of the cerebellum. A probe recognizing all known forms of the leptin receptor hybridized to all of these sites within the brain. In addition, intense hybridization was observed in the choroid plexus, meninges, and also surrounding blood vessels. These findings indicate that circulating leptin may act through hypothalamic nuclear groups involved in regulating feeding, body weight, and neuroendocrine function. The localization of leptin receptor mRNA in extrahypothalamic sites in the thalamus and cerebellum suggests that leptin may act on specific sensory and motor systems. Leptin receptors localized in nonneuronal cells in the meninges, choroid plexus, and blood vessels may be involved in transport of leptin into the brain and in the clearance of leptin from the cerebrospinal fluid. J. Comp. Neurol. 395:535–547, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TBX3 Knockdown Decreases Reprogramming Efficiency of Human Cells

TBX3 is a member of the T-box transcription factor family and is involved in the core pluripotency network. Despite this role in the pluripotency network, its contribution to the reprogramming process during the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells remains elusive. In this respect, we performed reprogramming experiments applying TBX3 knockdown in human fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Knockdown of TBX3 in both somatic cell types decreased the reprogramming efficiencies in comparison to control cells but with unchanged reprogramming kinetics. The resulting iPSCs were indistinguishable from control cells and displayed a normal in vitro differentiation capacity by generating cells of all three germ layers comparable to the controls.
Suppressing the Zs

The label CLITIC has been applied to a wide variety of phenomena, from words that are prosodically dependent on neighbouring words (as are unaccented monosyllabic prepositions and personal pronouns in English) to words, or even individual morphemes, with idiosyncratic syntactic distributions (like the second-position pronominal and adverbial particles in many languages). I propose here to reserve the term for elements whose description requires more than the stipulation that they may or must be prosodically dependent.