Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Parents’ Perceptions of Their Infants’ Oral Health Care

Introduction: Parents have an important role ensuring their infants receive oral and medical health care. Their decisions affect the well-being of their children. Methods: This study used data collected from a longitudinal, prospective study with the aim of developing and validating a caries risk assessment tool. The objectives of this study are to (a) compare parents’ perceptions of how well they do in taking care of the infants’ teeth and/or gums versus how well they do in taking care of the infants’ medical health and (b) determine factors associated with parental perceptions of how well they do in taking care of the infants’ teeth and/or gums. Results: A total of 1323 parent/infant pairs were enrolled in the study at Duke University, Indiana University, and the University of Iowa. Through a survey, 283 (21%) of the parents perceived they did an excellent job of both taking care of both the infant’s oral and medical health, while 861 (65%) perceived the care of their infant’s medical health was better than their care of the teeth and/or gums. In the multivariable model, parents who perceived they provided excellent/very good/good care for the infants’ teeth and/or gums were more likely to brush the infant’s teeth daily, use toothpaste daily, clean inside the infant’s mouth and/or gums daily, and not let the infant have something other than water after brushing and prior to bedtime. Also, those with infants having Medicaid or State Insurance, parents not eating sugary snacks frequently, and parents getting dental checkups at least annually were likely to perceive that they provided excellent/very good/good care for their infant’s teeth and/or gums. Conclusions: Parents who provide good infant oral health care are more likely to perceive they provide good care and more likely to have better personal dental health behaviors. This agrees with previous studies concerning older children.
Cost of Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Patients

BACKGROUND: The economic burden of acute kidney injury (AKI) is not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effects of AKI on hospitalization costs and length of stay (LOS). DESIGN: Using data from the 2012 National Inpatient Sample, we compared hospitalization costs and LOS with and without AKI. We used a generalized linear model with a gamma distribution and a log link fitted to AKI to adjust for demographics, hospital differences, and comorbidities. SETTING: United States PATIENTS: 29,763,649 adult hospitalizations without endstage renal disease. EXPOSURE: AKI determined using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) diagnosis codes. MEASUREMENTS: Hospitalization costs and LOS. RESULTS: AKI was associated with an increase in hospitalization costs of $7933 (95% confidence interval [CI], $7608‐$8258) and an increase in LOS of 3.2 (95% CI, 3.2‐3.3) days compared to patients without AKI. When adjusted for patient and hospital characteristics, the associated increase in costs was $1795 (95% CI, $1692‐$1899) and in LOS, it was 1.1 (95% CI, 1.1‐1.1) days. Corresponding results among patients hospitalized with AKI requiring dialysis were $42,077 (95% CI, $39,820‐$44,335) and 11.5 (95% CI, 11.2‐11.8) days and $11,016 (95% CI, $10,468‐$11,564) and 3.9 (95% CI, 3.8‐4.1) days. AKI was associated with higher hospitalization costs than myocardial infarction and gastrointestinal bleeding, and costs were comparable to those for stroke, pancreatitis, and pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: In the United States, AKI is associated with excess hospitalization costs and prolonged LOS. The economic burden of AKI warrants further attention from hospitals and policymakers to enhance processes of care and develop novel treatment strategies.
A design of a streaming system for interactive television broadcast

This paper describes architecture of a streaming system for interactive digital television broadcast, using MPEG-4/7 technology in delivering interactive services. The streaming system complies with ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee) Digital Television Standard, and delivers data of all types in ATSC Data Broadcast specification. The streaming system provides transport streams conforming to MPEG-2 systems, and has been implemented on the basis of software, and in several parts in hardware.
What Are People Tweeting About Zika? An Exploratory Study Concerning Its Symptoms, Treatment, Transmission, and Prevention

Background In order to harness what people are tweeting about Zika, there needs to be a computational framework that leverages machine learning techniques to recognize relevant Zika tweets and, further, categorize these into disease-specific categories to address specific societal concerns related to the prevention, transmission, symptoms, and treatment of Zika virus. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the relevancy of the tweets and what people were tweeting about the 4 disease characteristics of Zika: symptoms, transmission, prevention, and treatment. Methods A combination of natural language processing and machine learning techniques was used to determine what people were tweeting about Zika. Specifically, a two-stage classifier system was built to find relevant tweets about Zika, and then the tweets were categorized into 4 disease categories. Tweets in each disease category were then examined using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) to determine the 5 main tweet topics for each disease characteristic. Results Over 4 months, 1,234,605 tweets were collected. The number of tweets by males and females was similar (28.47% [351,453/1,234,605] and 23.02% [284,207/1,234,605], respectively). The classifier performed well on the training and test data for relevancy (F1 score=0.87 and 0.99, respectively) and disease characteristics (F1 score=0.79 and 0.90, respectively). Five topics for each category were found and discussed, with a focus on the symptoms category. Conclusions We demonstrate how categories of discussion on Twitter about an epidemic can be discovered so that public health officials can understand specific societal concerns within the disease-specific categories. Our two-stage classifier was able to identify relevant tweets to enable more specific analysis, including the specific aspects of Zika that were being discussed as well as misinformation being expressed. Future studies can capture sentiments and opinions on epidemic outbreaks like Zika virus in real time, which will likely inform efforts to educate the public at large.
Steady State vs. Pulsatile Blood Pressure Component and Regional Cerebral Perfusion

Arterial blood pressure can be divided into steady state component that is determined by mean arterial pressure and pulsatile component that is explored by pulse pressure. The brain is a region that has vascular bed with high blood flow and low vascular impedance, which is affected greatly by excessive and/or fluctuated blood pressure. Indeed high blood pressure is related to impaired cognitive function. In the present study, we aimed to determine the relationship between steady state and pulsatile blood pressure components and regional cerebral perfusion at 10 regions of interest. A total of 52 apparently healthy adults aged 40–60 years were studied. All the subjects had normal global cognitive function as assessed by the Mini‐Mental Status Exam score greater than 28. Regional cerebral perfusions were measured using arterial spin labeling technique in 10 a priori regions of interest. Correlational analyses revealed 5 regions that their cerebral perfusion values were significantly and inversely associated with blood pressure components (i.e., hippocampus, anterior white matter, posterior insula, central white matter, and occipitoparietal area). After controlling for potential confounding factors (i.e., age, sex, race, education, and BMI) in multiple regression analyses, however, significant associations were observed only in 3 regions (i.e., hippocampus, posterior insula, and occipitoparietal area). In general, the strengths of associations with regional cerebral perfusion were greater with pulse pressure than with mean arterial pressure. Central (carotid) pulse pressure did not record greater associations compared with peripheral (brachial) pulse pressure. In conclusion, pulsatile component of blood pressure was significantly and inversely related to regional cerebral perfusion in the areas that are affected by fluctuating blood pressure in apparently healthy adults with normal cognitive function.
Designing ionic-complementary hydrogels for bone tissue repair

In recent years, the degradation and subsequent loss of tissues is an issue that has affected people worldwide. Although there are treatments addressing the degradation of tissues, such treatments involve complicated and expensive procedures, where full tissue regeneration is not achieved. For these reasons, in recent years, tissue engineering has developed cutting-edge biomaterials capable of inducing effective tissue regeneration both under cellular or acellular conditions. Peptide hydrogels are versatile biomaterials composed of the basic components of life amino acids, which act as building blocks to form hierarchical structures, which subsequently go on to form well-defined scaffolds. Biomaterials have been widely used for the culture of mammalian cells, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, drug delivery, etc. This is thanks to their capability of providing a three-dimensional architecture to cells, which mimics the natural architecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Peptide- based hydrogels can be easily functionalised with active biological cues, which can direct the cellular response. It has been shown that the ionic-complementary FEFEFKFK hydrogel, succeeded to support the culture of mammalian cells such as bovine chondrocytes. In this work, we used the same FEFEFKFK hydrogel to investigate the capability of this hydrogel to support the three-dimensional culture of both human osteoblasts (hOBs), and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for bone regeneration applications. To achieve this goal, hOBs were cultured within both FEFEFKFK (non-functionalised) and RGD-FEFEFKFK (functionalised) gels. Then the suitability of the FEFEFKFK gels to induce cellular proliferation, synthesis of bone ECM and mineralisation was explored. In addition, taking advantage of the inherent plasticity of hMSCs, we also investigated the capability of the FEFEFKFK gel to foster the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, and subsequently to induce bone mineralisation in 3-D under osteogenic stimulation. Based on the results obtained in this work, the FEFEFKFK gel arises as a promising biomaterial for both bone and dental tissue regeneration applications.
Satisfaction with general practice care in German patients with multimorbidity: a cross-sectional study

Background Little is known about the quality of general practice care received by patients suffering from multimorbidity. Objectives To assess how patients with multimorbidity evaluate their General Practitioners (GPs') performance and to identify factors associated with high patient satisfaction levels. Methods Cross-sectional study in Germany using the EUROPEP questionnaire consisting of 23 items with a five-point Likert scale and covering two dimensions: clinical performance of the GP and organisation of care. Mixed logistic regression was used in the analysis, with the EUROPEP score as a dependent variable. Results The study included 651 patients (54.8% female), with a mean age of 73.7 ± 4.9 years. Of 22 of 23 questionnaire items, >80% of patients rated their satisfaction as 'good' or 'excellent'. The highest level of satisfaction (excellent) varied among items between 28.0 and 73.1%. Lower age and female sex of GPs were associated with better patient evaluations in 15 and 12 of the 23 items, respectively. Patient characteristics were not associated with their satisfaction with their GP. Conclusions This study found high levels of satisfaction with primary care in patients with multimorbidity. However, since high levels of patient satisfaction are not necessarily equivalent to high quality of care, a broader view is necessary to integrate the subjective views of patients and objective quality indicators into a comprehensive concept of good quality of care.
Learning fine positioning of a robot manipulator based on Gabor wavelets

A system for learning the pre-grasp positioning task for a robot manipulator is presented. The images delivered from a gripper mounted camera are analysed using Gabor filters which resemble the spatial response profiles of receptive fields found in visual cortex neurons. Using a quite small feature set, the system demonstrated efficiency with respect to speed and accuracy, as well as robustness against changing light conditions. Furthermore, we compare it to two other approaches, aiming at the same goal: an appearance-based PCA fuzzy control and a PSOM based Hough-Transform system.
Contact Location and Neuropsychological Outcomes in Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation

BACKGROUND A host of influences contribute to cognitive and behavioral changes following deep brain stimulation. The location of the active cathode is likely an important variable but it has received little attention. OBJECTIVE To determine whether active contact location relative to the subthalamic nucleus and other neighboring structures is related to nonmotor outcomes. METHODS We identified a retrospective, cross-sectional sample of 46 patients who underwent subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. T-tests or nonparametric equivalents were used to detect baseline differences between unilateral left, unilateral right, and bilateral surgical groups. Correlation and partial correlational analyses identified relationships between contact location variables and alterations in cognitive, mood, quality of life, motor, and disease variables. RESULTS Medial contact locations within the left subthalamic nucleus were correlated with improvements in self-reported mood (r12 = -0.78, P = .001; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.43 to -0.93) but worsening semantic fluency (r26 = -0.38, P = .048; 95% CI = -0.01 to -0.66). Phonemic fluency worsened with more posterior left placement (r34 = 0.35, P = .036; 95% CI = 0.03 to 0.61). Memory outcome was related to right hemisphere stimulation voltage (r29 = -0.40, P = .022; 95% CI = -0.05 to -0.66), which is likely a proxy for variable electrode location. CONCLUSION Location of the active contact is related to nonmotor outcomes, even in electrodes that are adequately placed. This is relevant to clinical care as there appears to be a trade-off between mood and fluency abilities that should be considered during surgical planning according to preoperative patient characteristics.
Comparison of timing jitter in external and monolithic cavity mode‐locked semiconductor lasers

A comprehensive timing jitter comparison is made for mode‐locked semiconductor lasers using active, passive, and hybrid mode‐locking techniques in both external and monolithic cavity configurations. Active mode locking gives the lowest residual rms timing jitter of 65 fs (150 Hz‐50 MHz), followed by the hybrid and passive mode‐locking techniques. It is found that monolithic cavity devices with all active waveguides have higher timing jitter levels than the comparable external cavity case.
A new approach to enhance transient stability of power system and its impact on local marginal prices

The formulation of transient stability-constrained optimal power flow and finding its practical solution have recently attracted much attention. In this paper, an approach to improve the transient stability, with increasing critical clearing time (CCT) of the system is presented. This improvement has effects on electricity market prices and local marginal prices (LMP) due to changing the power flow of the line and output powers of the generators. In order to assess the transient stability of the test system, DIgSILENT software is used and to calculate LMPs, MATLAB software is used. The New England 39-bus test system is studied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme for transient stability enhancement and its effects on LMPs.
Social Media Use Before Bed and Sleep Disturbance Among Young Adults in the United States: A Nationally Representative Study

Study Objectives Social media (SM) use has been positively associated with disturbed sleep among young adults. However, previous studies have not elucidated the specific importance of SM use immediately before bed. We aimed to determine the independent association of SM use during the 30 minutes before bed and disturbed sleep while controlling for covariates including total SM use throughout the day. Methods We assessed a nationally representative sample of 1763 US young adults aged 19-32. Participants estimated to what extent they used SM in the 30 minutes before bed. We assessed sleep disturbance using the brief Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) Sleep Disturbance measure. After testing the proportional odds assumption, we used ordered logistic regression to compute the independent association between SM use before bed and sleep disturbance controlling for covariates, including total SM use. Results Compared with those who rarely or very rarely check SM in the 30 minutes before bed, those who often or very often check SM at that time had an adjusted odds ratio of 1.62 (95% confidence interval = 1.31-2.34) for increased sleep disturbance. Additionally, we found a significant linear trend in the odds ratios between the frequency of checking SM in the 30 minutes before bed and increased sleep disturbance (p = .007). Results were consistent in all sensitivity analyses. Conclusions SM use in the 30 minutes before bed is independently associated with disturbed sleep among young adults. Future work should use qualitative and experimental methods to further elucidate the directionality of-and mechanisms underlying-this association.
Darunavir/ritonavir monotherapy at a low dose (600/100 mg/day) in HIV-1-infected individuals with suppressed HIV viraemia

Background Darunavir/ritonavir is a potent PI with a high genetic barrier and pharmacological robustness favourably investigated as monotherapy. Whether darunavir could be dose reduced in the context of monotherapy deserves investigation. Methods Patients with HIV suppressed viraemia (plasma viral load <50 copies/mL for 12 months) under ART who had switched to darunavir/ritonavir monotherapy at 600/100 mg/day between 2013 and 2015 were included in this observational 48 week single-centre study. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with virological success (defined as plasma viral load <50 copies/mL) at week 24. Secondary outcomes included treatment strategy success and resistance. Results Thirty-one patients were included with the following baseline characteristics [median (IQR)]: age 52 years (47-57), CD4+ 649 cells/mm3 (463-813), ART duration 16.3 years (9.2-22.3), nadir CD4+ 195 cells/mm3 (144-261) and duration of HIV suppression 7.8 years (4.8-9.7). Prior to switch, ART consisted of PI monotherapy for 28 of 31 patients [darunavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg/day (n = 26), lopinavir/ritonavir (n = 1) and atazanavir/ritonavir (n = 1)] and a triple drug regimen for 3 of 31 patients. Within the 48 weeks of follow-up, no virological failure occurred and two patients discontinued 600/100 mg of darunavir/ritonavir due to side effects at week 16 and 40, leading to a virological suppression rate of 100% (95% CI = 89-100) at weeks 24 and 48. Strategy success rates were 96.8% (95% CI = 83.3-99.9) at week 24 and 93.5% (95% CI = 78.6-99.2) at week 48. Median (IQR) Ctrough values of 800/100 mg of darunavir/ritonavir and 600/100 mg of darunavir/ritonavir were 1537 ng/mL (1286-1724) and 1255 ng/mL (873-2161), respectively. Conclusions A lower dose of darunavir/ritonavir used as monotherapy (600/100 mg/day) was highly effective in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients. Further studies are needed to confirm these data.
Phenological mismatch and the effectiveness of assisted gene flow

The persistence of narrowly adapted species under climate change will depend on their ability to migrate apace with their historical climatic envelope or to adapt in place to maintain fitness. This second path to persistence can only occur if there is sufficient genetic variance for response to new selection regimes. Inadequate levels of genetic variation can be remedied through assisted gene flow (AGF), that is the intentional introduction of individuals genetically adapted to localities with historic climates similar to the current or future climate experienced by the resident population. However, the timing of reproduction is frequently adapted to local conditions. Phenological mismatch between residents and migrants can reduce resident × migrant mating frequencies, slowing the introgression of migrant alleles into the resident genetic background and impeding evolutionary rescue efforts. Focusing on plants, we devised a method to estimate the frequency of resident × migrant matings based on flowering schedules and applied it in an experiment that mimicked the first generation of an AGF program with Chamaecrista fasciculata, a prairie annual, under current and expected future temperature regimes. Phenological mismatch reduced the potential for resident × migrant matings by 40–90%, regardless of thermal treatment. The most successful migrant sires were the most resident like in their flowering time, further biasing the genetic admixture between resident and migrant populations. Other loci contributing to local adaptation—heat‐tolerance genes, for instance—may be in linkage disequilibrium with phenology when residents and migrants are combined into a single mating pool. Thus, introgression of potentially adaptive migrant alleles into the resident genetic background is slowed when selection acts against migrant phenology. Successful AGF programs may require sustained high immigration rates or preliminary breeding programs when phenologically matched migrant source populations are unavailable.
Interference aware spectrum allocation in IEEE 802.22 wireless mesh networks

Since static spectrum allocation has proved to be ineffective in maximizing spectrum utilization over time and space, dynamic spectrum access is clearly the best alternative for efficient usage of radio spectrum. In order to take advantage of the flexibilities presented by dynamic spectrum access, the newly proposed IEEE 802.22 standard based on cognitive radio is seen as one of the solutions that can harness the unused or under-utilized spectrum. Also, the recent success of wireless mesh networks is creating the possibility of availing wide-area wireless back-haul networks without the infrastructure cost that will have increased network resource utilization and greater performance characteristics at low cost. In this research, we study the current IEEE 802.22 system architecture and investigate the limitations in creating wireless back-haul mesh networks due to its lack of knowledge about the spectrum bands to be used. In this regard, we propose a coordinated distributed scheme for IEEE 802.22 enabled devices to establish a mesh network with reduced interference. The coordination is initiated by the base station and is followed by the iterative joining of the IEEE 802.22 consumer premise equipments to the mesh network in a distributed manner. We take a graph coloring approach and propose an algorithm called Maximum Utility Graph Coloring (MUGC) that allocates spectrum to the mesh network, enabling higher spectrum utilization and reduced collisions. We explore two objective functions: maximize utility and proportional fair utility to allocate spectrum efficiently. Through extensive simulation experiments, we demonstrate how the proposed algorithm helps reduce collisions and most importantly, increase spectrum utilization among IEEE 802.22 devices.