Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biomarker Symptom Profiles for Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Psychosis

Background: Neuroscience can assist clinical understanding and therapy by finding neurobiological markers for mental illness symptoms. Objectives: To quantify biomarkers for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and relate these to discrete symptoms of psychosis. Methods: Within a case-control design with multiple exclusion criteria to exclude organic causes and confounding variables, 67 DSM IV-R diagnosed and 67 control participants from a defined hospital, clinic and community catchment area were investigated for candidate markers. Participants underwent protocol-based diagnostic-checking and symptom rating via Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, functional-rating scales, biological sample-collection and sensory-processing assessment. Blood and urine samples were analysed for monoamine neurotransmitters, their metabolites, vitamin cofactors and intermediate-substances related to oxidative stress and metabolism of monoamines. Neurocognitive assessment of visual and auditory processing was conducted at both peripheral and central levels. Biomarkers were defined by Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analysis. Spearman’s analysis explored correlations between discrete symptoms and the biomarkers. Results: Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analysis identified twenty-one biomarkers: elevated urinary dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline and hydroxy pyrroline-2-one as a marker of oxidative stress. Other biomarkers were deficits in vitamins D, B6 and folate, elevation of serum B12 and free serum copper to zinc ratio, along with deficits in dichotic listening, distance vision, visual and auditory speed of processing, visual and auditory working memory and six middle ear acoustic reflex parameters. Discrete symptoms such as delusions, hostility, suicidality and auditory hallucinations were biomarker-defined and symptom biomarker correlations assumed an understandable pattern in terms of the catecholamines and their relationship to biochemistry, brain function and disconnectivity. Conclusions: In the absence of a full diagnosis, biomarker-symptom-signatures inform psychiatry about the structure of psychosis and provide an understandable pattern that points in the direction of a new neurobiological system of
OPTIC NERVE REGENERATION WITH RETURN OF VISION IN ANURANS

THE RECOVERY of normal vision after regeneration of the optic nerve demonstrated in adult urodele amphibians (8, 9) requires that the ingrowing optic fibers reestablish in the brain centers discriminative functional associations which are differentially suited to the diverse retinal points from which the optic fibers arise. If the relationships between retinal field and brain centers formed in regeneration were disorderly or undifferentiated, normal vision involving discrete perception of small objects and their accurate localization in space would be impossible. Conceivably, the central reflex relations as reestablished after regenera-tion might not be suitably arranged at first, but become properly adjusted only later through experience by a process of trial and error or other means of functional adaptation. Or the adequacy of the functional effect might somehow operate during the process of regeneration to regulate the formation of appropriate central connections. Both these theoretical possibilities, however, have been ruled out in the case of the newt, Triturus viridescens (ES), in which it has been found that the restoration of normal vision after optic nerve regeneration is quite independent of functional adaptation. When severance of the optic nerve in this animal is combined with 180 degree rotation of the eyeball on its optic axis, visual perception after recovery is system . atically reversed about the optic axis corresponding to the rotated ,P osition of the retinal field. Reversed optokinetic reactions, erroneous sp latial. localization of small objet ts, and o ther clear indices of reversed vision are displayed consistently and without later adjustment l9 just as in animals in which the eyeball has been rotated with the optic nerve left intact (7). Thus in Triturus reestablishment of reflex relations in the visual centers is apparently predetermined in an orderly manner by growth factors regardless of the suitability of the functional effect for the animal. Exactly how linkages between retina and brain centers are systematically restored by growth processes remains to be demonstrated. The work on Tri-turus suggested certain possible interpretations, however, and because of their important bearing on problems of broader significance concerning the developmental differentiation and integrative action of the nervous system it became strongly desirable to make sure that these results were not due merely to peculiarities of this one species. The present paper deals accordingly with an extension of the previous experiments on the newt to several species of the distantly related and, so far as the visual system is …
HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN ORTHOSTATIC TEST DURING DIFFERENT TRAINING PERIODS IN ELITE SWIMMERS

Intense training has been shown to change the autonomic modulation of the heart in endurance athletes assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. In overtraining state HRV diminished in athletes of different sports. PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of intensified training and tapering on HRV in elite swimmers. METHODS: Eleven elite swimmers (7 F and 4 M, age 17.9 ± 1.9 y) lived and trained for 8 weeks before national championships qualifying for European championships. This follow-up period was divided to following microcycles: preparatory general, intensified training, preparatory specific, precompetition (tapering), and competition periods. RR-intervals were recorded every morning in supine (8 min) and orthostatic (6 min) positions with beat-bybeat heart monitors. Breathing was paced to 12 breaths/min. HRV was analyzed from the last 5-min period of both positions with FFT and autoregressive (AR) spectral power analysis. TRIMPs of every training session were calculated to estimate training. Results are presented as averages of each period and expressed in relative changes. RESULTS: Training load increased during the intensified training period (+86%, p=0.01) and progressively decreased during the precompetition and competition. HF spectral power during supine rest increased during intensified training (+38%, P=0.03) but recovered to baseline thereafter and stayed near baseline levels during tapering and competition periods. LF/HF ratio during supine rest progressively increased from preparatory general to tapering (+58%, P=0.02) and competition periods (+66%, P=0.01). CONCLUSION: The present findings are different from previous literature of HRV in endurance athletes. Intensive training has been reported to decrease HRV acutely and a rebound was observed after a relative resting period. In this study, increase of HRV seemed to be related to positive coping with increased training stress of elite swimmers. Interpretation of LF/HF ratio has been questionable, but it has been used as an indicator of the balance of autonomic nervous system. Therefore, these findings suggest that the sympathetic activity of elite swimmers may increase during rest as an anticipatory effect of competition period.
Excess mortality among opioid-using patients treated with oral naltrexone in Australia.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS To estimate the number of deaths that would have occurred among patients receiving oral naltrexone for opioid use under the Special Access Scheme if these patients had received methadone. DESIGN AND METHODS We analysed mortality in cohorts treated with oral naltrexone and methadone. Data were from 1097 patients of in WA providing oral naltrexone for opioid use under the SAS,1998-2000, and all participants in WA (n = 2520) and New South Wales (NSW) (n = 11,174) methadone programs over the same period. We calculated mortality rates among patients receiving naltrexone and methadone, and excess mortality among patients receiving naltrexone. RESULTS Oral naltrexone patients had higher mortality than those treated with methadone, even when favourable assumptions were made about the effects of naltrexone on mortality. Total oral naltrexone mortality was significantly greater than for methadone in WA (rate ratio 3.5; 95% confidence interval 2.2-5.8) and NSW (rate ratio 3.5; 95% confidence interval 2.4-5.0). Among 1097 oral naltrexone patients we estimate that there were 25-29 deaths over two years that would probably not have occurred if these patients had received methadone. The major reason was higher mortality rate post-treatment cessation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Large-scale use of oral naltrexone to treat opioid users may not have, as intended, saved lives. Implant naltrexone continues to be prescribed under the SAS in the absence of reliable efficacy and safety data. There is a need to review widespread use of unregistered medications under the SAS, particularly with vulnerable patient groups.
Carbon-Negative Biofuels from Low-Input High-Diversity Grassland Biomass

Biofuels derived from low-input high-diversity (LIHD) mixtures of native grassland perennials can provide more usable energy, greater greenhouse gas reductions, and less agrichemical pollution per hectare than can corn grain ethanol or soybean biodiesel. High-diversity grasslands had increasingly higher bioenergy yields that were 238% greater than monoculture yields after a decade. LIHD biofuels are carbon negative because net ecosystem carbon dioxide sequestration (4.4 megagram hectare–1 year–1 of carbon dioxide in soil and roots) exceeds fossil carbon dioxide release during biofuel production (0.32 megagram hectare–1 year–1). Moreover, LIHD biofuels can be produced on agriculturally degraded lands and thus need to neither displace food production nor cause loss of biodiversity via habitat destruction.
Scenic Athens: A personalized scenic route planner for tourists

Several mobile guides for unknown destinations provide assistance to tourists (through personalized tour recommendations) in making feasible plans and visiting the most interesting POIs within their available time. However, existing tourist tour planners only regard available attractions as sites lacking physical dimensions (i.e. POIs are treated as points). Although this is adequate for scheduling visits at POIs with single entry/exit points, it fails to capture practical properties of typical tourist visiting styles in urban destinations (e.g. tourists typically enjoy walking on pedestrian zones, market areas and scenic neighborhoods). Herein, we introduce Scenic Athens, a context-aware mobile city guide for Athens (Greece) which delivers personalized tour planning services to tourists deriving near-optimal sequencing of POIs along recommended tours. Scenic Athens takes into account a multitude of travel restrictions and POI properties, also incorporating scenic (walking) routes (in addition to point POIs), thereby supporting more experiential exploration of tourist destinations. A user evaluation study validated the recommendation value, usability and perceived utility of the proposed application.
Testing and Training of the Eggbeater Kick Movement in Water Polo: Applicability of a New Method

Abstract Melchiorri, G, Viero, V, Triossi, T, Tancredi, V, Galvani, C, and Bonifazi, M. Testing and training of the eggbeater kick movement in water polo: Applicability of a new method. J Strength Cond Res 29(10): 2758–2764, 2015—In water polo, many of the technical actions and the contacts with the opponent take place in quasi-vertical floating position using 2 types of lower limb actions: the eggbeater kick is used most often in fighting and passing and the breaststroke kick in jumping and throwing. The aim of this study was to identify a new system to evaluate and to train the eggbeater kick movement and to verify its applicability. Twenty amateur players and 22 elite players participated in the study. A jacket, homemade and easy to make, allowing the application of an overload submerged in water but not hindering breathing or mobility, was used. Standard anthropometry and a test consisting of different trials of the eggbeater kick action until exhaustion with an increasing overload (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, and 17.5 kg) were collected. Time to exhaustion and the overload estimated maximum value (OEMV) at second 2 were determined for each load. Body weight, height, and lower limb muscle performance of the elite and nonelite players were significantly different from each other (p ⩽ 0.05). The effectiveness of the different measured variables in both subgroups and that of the OEMV was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Areas under the ROC curve for the different overloads were 0.72 (0.53–0.92) for 5 kg, 0.80 (0.68–0.90) for 7.5 kg, 0.87 (0.77–0.91) for 10 kg, and 0.88 (0.84–0.92) for 12.5 kg overload. Our results show that the test is sensitive enough and therefore can be used to plan and control training and injury recovery.
Learning from experts in cognitive radio networks: The docitive paradigm

In this paper we introduce the novel paradigm of docition for cognitive radio (CR) networks. We consider that the CRs are intelligent radios implementing a learning process through which they interact with the surrounding environment to make self-adaptive decisions. However, in distributed settings the learning may be complex and slow, due to interactive decision making processes, which results in a non-stationary environment. The docitive paradigm proposes a timely solution based on knowledge sharing, which allows CRs to develop new capacities for selecting actions. We demonstrate that this improves the CRs' learning ability and accuracy, and gives them strategies for action selection in unvisited states. We evaluate the docitive paradigm in the context of a secondary system modeled as a multi-agent system, where the agents are IEEE 802.22 CR base stations, implementing a real-time multi-agent reinforcement learning technique known as decentralized Q-learning. Our goal is to solve the aggregated interference problem generated by multiple CR systems at the receivers of a primary system. We propose three different docitive algorithms and we show their superiority to the well know paradigm of independent learning in terms of speed of convergence and precision.
Morphine sulfate and naltrexone hydrochloride extended release capsules for the management of chronic, moderate-to-severe pain, while reducing morphine-induced subjective effects upon tampering by crushing

Introduction: Public concern over the increased incidence of prescription opioid abuse has prompted the development of products designed to be less attractive for abuse. This article characterizes morphine sulfate and naltrexone hydrochloride extended release capsules (MS-sNT), the first long-acting opioid approved in the USA for the management of chronic, moderate-to-severe pain that is also designed to reduce drug liking and euphoria if tampered with by crushing. Areas covered: This article reviews the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety of MS-sNT when taken as directed by patients with chronic, moderate-to-severe pain and when tampered with by crushing. A literature search was conducted using Medline, Embase and Biosis for the years from 1995 to January 2011, limited to humans and the English language. Search terms varied with the structure of the databases, and included ‘naltrexone’ and ‘morphine’, ‘delayed-action preparations’, ‘drug combinations’, ‘extended-’, ‘slow-’ or ‘controlled-release’, ‘combinations’ and ‘EMBEDA’. Also included were congress presentations available from the manufacturer. Expert opinion: Although no product is likely to be abuse-proof in the hands of clever and determined abusers, new opioid products, such as MS-sNT, may potentially help physicians provide analgesia while at the same time providing a potential way to address the risk of misuse, abuse and diversion. Epidemiological studies are required to determine the impact of such products on real-world abuse.
Moiré method for nanoprecision wafer-to-wafer alignment: Theory, simulation and application

The two dimensional (2D) moiré centrosymmetric grating is developed to assist realization of high-precision wafer-to-wafer alignment and non-destructive measurement of misalignments for wafer bonding. Using these moiré patterns the misalignments in the order of ± 64 nm in X-Y axis can be resolved by a simple IR microscopy (5× objective) images. This value can be further improved to sub-10 nm range if the sub-pixel estimation is performed. For current status, the limit of the minimum resolved misalignment using moiré gratings is ~0.2 nm according to theoretical analysis. It can be applied for not only the future 3D integration of wafer-scale, but also the fabrication of 3D nanostructures and advanced lithography techniques.
STRUCTURE OF PLASMA LIPOPROTEINS: VIEW FROM CALORIMETRIC STUDIES *

X-ray scattering and electron microscopic studies have shown that plasma lipoproteins are quasi-spherical particles in which a core of apolar lipids is surrounded by a more polar surface of lipids and A more detailed description of the structure of the apolar lipid core of the lipoproteins became available with the advent of studies employing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) . These investigations were motivated by the observations of Small that the physiological cholesterol esters, cholesterol oleate and linoleate, displayed liquid crystalline transitions in the vicinity of body temperature. Plasma lowdensity lipoproteins (LDL) , the major cholesterol transporting lipoproteins of plasma, contain about 45 weight% of cholesterol ester, and Deckelbaum et al.5 were able to show that liquid crystalline transitions of cholesterol ester could be observed in intact LDL. These and subsequent studies6-s established that human plasma LDL displayed order-disorder transitions of cholesterol esters between about 20" and 40°C. The problem then became to determine how the organization of the lipoprotein core lipids varied as a function of lipoprotein size and composition. The relation between lipoprotein size and structure of the core lipids will be reviewed here. In addition, the calorimetric studies of HDL,8 its apoproteins,1° and its recombinants 11, l2 led to an investigation of the interactions of intact HDL with phospholipid^. ^^, l4 The metabolic and structural consequences of the uptake by HDL of phospholipid from vesicles l5 or lipolyzed chylomicrons l6 will also be discussed. The thermal behavior of the lipoprotein core lipids is greatly influenced by both the overall size of the lipoprotein particle and by the composition of the core lipids. In FIGURE 1 DSC curves of a variety of lipoproteins are shown, arranged in order of decreasing size. The particles have been heated from 0" to 100" C. All particles display an irreversible endotherm at high temperature, associated with lipoprotein denaturation. At lower temperatures, some particles display reversible thermal transitions of cholesterol esters, as typified by human LDL (LDL,). This transition, occurring between about 20" and 40" C, is probably due to a reversible change of the LDL cholesterol esters from a smectic-like (layered) state below the transition to a more disordered state above the transition. The evidence for this is that pure cholesterol esters display smectic-to-liquid transitions of similar temperature and e n t h a l p ~ , ~ . E, l7 and that below the transition there is a maximum at 1/36 A-l in the x-ray scattering profile of LDL which seems to result
Video racing games increase actual health-related risk-taking behavior.

The present study investigated whether the consumption of risk-glorifying video games increases health-related risk-taking in real life. Participants were assigned to 1 of 2 conditions, whereby they either played a risk-glorifying video racing game or a risk-neutral video game for 25 minutes. Afterward, they were given the option of a saliva test in the context of a medical checkup. Our data showed that exposure to risk-glorifying video games (video racing games) increases actual general health-related risk-taking behavior. That is, players of risk-glorifying video games were significantly less likely to participate in the health checkup test than players of risk-neutral games. The potentially negative effect of risk-glorifying media on public health needs to be considered by science and politics. This is the first study showing that exposure to risk-glorifying video games actually increases real-life health-related risk-taking behavior. In addition, it is the first study showing that the impact of risk-glorifying video games is not content-specific, as it carries over from one risk-taking domain (i.e., risky driving in video games) to another completely unrelated risk-outcome domain (health-related risk-taking).
Next Generation CAT System

Two novel techniques for future CAT system are presented. Transmission descattering is a singleshot method to differentiate unscattered and scattered components of light transmission through a scattering material. Directly-transmitted components travel in a straight line from the light source, while scattered components originate from multiple scattering centers in the volume. Angularly varying scattered light is strategically captured via a lenslet array placed close to the image plane and the unscattered direct component is computed based on separable scattered components. The disadvantage is a reduction in spatial resolution. As an application, the enhanced tomographic reconstruction is demonstrated using estimated direct transmission images. The other technique is single-shot 3D reconstruction of a translucent object. Multiple light sources form images of a translucent object at different projection angles onto a screen. Those images are captured by a single-photo in a coded format via lenslet array. The projection image casted from each light source is separated from each other by a decoding process and in turn the images are combined to reconstruct 3D shape of the translucent object by ART method. Thesis Supervisor: Ramesh Raskar Title: Associate Professor of Media Arts and Sciences, Program in Media Arts and Sciences
Actin-binding proteins regulate the work performed by myosin II motors on single actin filaments.

Regulation of actin/myosin II force generation by calcium [Kamm and Stull, Annu. Rev. Physiol. 51:299-313, 1989] and phosphorylation of myosin II light chains [Sellers and Adelstein, "The Enzymes," Vol. 18, Orlando, FL: Academic Pres, 1987, pp. 381-418] is well established. However, additional regulation of actin/myosin II force generation/contraction may result from actin-binding proteins [Stossel et al., Ann. Rev. Cell Biol. 1:353-402, 1985; Pollard and Cooper, Ann. Rev. Biochem. 55:987-1035, 1986] as they affect the gel state of the actin cytomatrix [reviewed in Taylor and Condeelis, Int. Rev. Cytol. , 56:57-143, 1979]. Regulation of the gel state of actin may determine whether an isotonic or isometric contraction results from the interaction between myosin and actin. We have extended the single actin filament motility assay of Kron and Spudich [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83:6272-6276, 1986] by including filamin or alpha-actinin on the substrate with myosin II to examine how actin-crosslinking proteins regulate the movements of single actin filaments. Increasing amounts of actin-crosslinking proteins inhibit filament velocity and decrease the number of filaments moving. Reversal of crosslinking yields increased velocities and numbers of moving filaments. These results support the solation-contraction coupling hypothesis [see Taylor and Fechheimer, Phil. Trans. Soc. London B 299:185-197, 1982] which proposes that increased crosslinking of actin inhibits myosin-based contraction. This study also illustrates the potentially varied roles of different actin-crosslinking proteins and offers a novel method to examine actin-binding protein activity and their regulation of motility at the single molecule level.