Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Barium zirconate-titanate/barium calcium-titanate ceramics via sol–gel process: novel high-energy-density capacitors

Lead-free barium zirconate-titanate/barium calcium-titanate, [(BaZr0.2Ti0.80)O3]1−x–[(Ba0.70Ca0.30)TiO3]x (x = 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) (BZT–BCT) ceramics with high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss and moderate electric breakdown field were prepared by the sol–gel synthesis technique. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed tetragonal crystal structure and this was further confirmed by Raman spectra. Well-behaved ferroelectric hysteresis loops and moderate polarizations (spontaneous polarization, Ps ∼ 3–6 µC cm−2) were obtained in these BZT–BCT ceramics. Frequency-dependent dielectric spectra confirmed that ferroelectric diffuse phase transition (DPT) exists near room temperature. Scanning electron microscope images revealed monolithic grain growth in samples sintered at 1280 °C. 1000/ε versus (T) plots revealed ferroelectric DPT behaviour with estimated γ values of ∼1.52, 1.51 and 1.88, respectively, for the studied BZT–BCT compositions. All three compositions showed packing-limited breakdown fields of ∼47–73 kV cm−1 with an energy density of 0.05–0.6 J cm−3 for thick ceramics (>1 mm). Therefore these compositions might be useful in Y5V-type capacitor applications.
An Exact Algorithm for the Single Vehicle Many-to-Many Dial-A-Ride Problem with Time Windows

This paper modifies the exact Dynamic Programming algorithm developed by the author for the single vehicle many-to-many immediate request Dial-A-Ride problem to solve the problem where each customer has specified upper and lower bounds for his pickup and delivery times and where the objective is to minimize the time needed to service all customers. The major difference between the two algorithms is the substitution of backward recursion with forward recursion. The new algorithm requires the same computational effort as the old one (0( N 2 3 N ) for N customers) and is able to recognize infeasible problem instances.
Polarimetry at 1. 3 mm using MILLIPOL - methods and preliminary results for Orion

This paper describes a polarimeter for use at wavelengths near 1 mm, designed to be self-contained and portable. Only minor modifications should be required to adapt this instrument for use on any of several millimeter and submillimeter telescopes. The polarimeter system and data-taking techniques are described, and a preliminary measurement is reported of the polarized dust emission from the Orion KL region at 1.3 mm using the NRAO 12 m telescope. The results are similar to previous polarization measurements of Orion at far-infrared and submillimeter wavelengths. The magnetic field direction implied by the polarization position angle is parallel to that found in the surrounding Orion region using optical and near- to midinfrared polarimetric techniques. 17 references.
METHOD OF MOMENTS APPROACH TO PRICING DOUBLE BARRIER CONTRACTS IN POLYNOMIAL JUMP-DIFFUSION MODELS

We present a method of moments approach to pricing double barrier contracts when the underlying is modelled by a polynomial jump-diffusion. By general principles the price is linked to certain infinite dimensional linear programming problems. Subsequently approximating these by finite dimensional linear programming problems, upper and lower bounds for the prices of such options are found. We derive theoretical convergence results for this algorithm, and provide numerical illustrations by applying the method to the valuation of several double barrier-type contracts (double barrier knock-out call, American corridor and double-no-touch options) under a number of different models, also allowing for a deterministic short rate.
Measurement of High-Frequency Dielectric Characteristics in the mm-Wave Band for Dielectric Thin Films on Semiconductor Substrates

Using dielectric thin film capacitors and devices specially designed for correcting stray effect around the capacitors, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss up to 50 GHz can be successfully measured by the reflection coefficient measured with a network analyzer. The high-frequency characteristics are consistent with low-frequency characteristics measured with an LCR bridge. The relative error between the high-frequency and the low-frequency is estimated to be within 10%. The method is a practical way to obtain the characteristics of dielectric thin films accurately and quickly in final form.
Identification of stiff modes in micromagnetic problems

The solution of micromagnetic problems using finite difference techniques is complicated by the presence of stiff modes. Effective techniques have been developed to handle them if they can be identified. This paper presents a technique for identifying them and discusses how to accelerate their convergence. This technique can also be used to classify the solutions once they have been achieved.
Auger and Coster-Kronig decay of the 3p hole states in krypton

The M2,3-M4,5N Coster-Kronig and the M2,3-NN Auger electron spectra from krypton have been measured using synchrotron radiation and electron beam excitation. By combining information from the different excitation methods, a large number of transitions have been identified. Intensity distributions between the line groups have also been studied both experimentally and theoretically. Coster-Kronig decay widths of the 3p hole states have been determined. The effects due to the initial-state configuration interaction have been revealed by comparing the experimental results with multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculations.
Improving resolution of optical coherence tomography for imaging of microstructures

Multi-frame superresolution technique has been used to improve the lateral resolution of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for imaging of 3D microstructures. By adjusting the voltages applied to 𝑥 and 𝑦 galvanometer scanners in the measurement arm, small lateral imaging positional shifts have been introduced among different C-scans. Utilizing the extracted 𝑥-𝑦 plane en face image frames from these specially offset C-scan image sets at the same axial position, we have reconstructed the lateral high resolution image by the efficient multi-frame superresolution technique. To further improve the image quality, we applied the latest K-SVD and bilateral total variation denoising algorithms to the raw SD-OCT lateral images before and along with the superresolution processing, respectively. The performance of the SD-OCT of improved lateral resolution is demonstrated by 3D imaging a microstructure fabricated by photolithography and a double-layer microfluidic device.
Design sensitivity of transient electro-thermal problems for the specific temperature distribution

This paper presents a design sensitivity algorithm for the temperature distribution control in transient induction heating problems that require the electro-thermal analysis. It is assumed that the induction heating system is in the steady state electromagnetically and in the transient state thermally, and it is driven by a sinusoidal current source. The eddy current and the temperature distribution are obtained using the 2D finite element method. In this paper, the design goal is to have the desired temperature distribution on a surface of heated metal. The steepest descent method is used as an optimization algorithm.
Adnominal adjectives in Old English

Even though adnominal adjectives in Old English are distributionally versatile in that they may precede, follow or flank the noun they modify, their positioning is not random but follows from systematic interpretive contrasts between pre- and postnominal adjectives, such as ‘attribution vs predication’, ‘individual-level vs stage-level reading’ and ‘restrictive vs non-restrictive modification’. These contrasts are largely independent of adjectival inflection (pace Fischer 2000, 2001, 2006). The placement of adnominal adjectives in Old English is investigated in relation to recent comparative and theoretical studies on word order and word order variation (see Cinque 2007; Larson & Marušič 2004).
A New Maximum Likelihood Estimator for the Population Squared Multiple Correlation

Using maximum likelihood estimation as described by R. A. Fisher (1912), a new estimator for the population squared multiple correlation was developed. This estimator ( ρcirc;2 (ML) ) was derived by examining all possible values of the population squared multiple correlation for a given sample size and number of predictors, and finding the one for which the observed sample value had the highest probability of occurring. The new estimator is shown to have greater accuracy than other estimators and to generate values that always fall within the parameter space. The utility of ρcirc; 2 (ML) in terms of providing the basis for the development of small sample significance tests is demonstrated. A Microsoft Excel workbook for computing ρcirc; 2 (ML) and its regions of nonsignificance and for computing a normal transformation for R2 is offered.
Sensitivity of Hurwitz stability of linear differential equation systems with constant coefficients

For Hurwitz stable linear differential equation system with constant coefficients, we have proved continuity theorems which show how much change is permissible without disturbing the Hurwitz stability and the κ∗-Hurwitz stability. The results have been applied to the scalar–linear differential equations with order k and some examples illustrating the efficiency of the theorems have been given.
Laser cooling of quantum systems

In this thesis novel methods for the laser cooling of quantum systems are presented. The use of quantum interference allows for the tailored cancelation of heating processes, so that an approximation to a cooling operator is possible that does not rely on the rotating wave approximation. This makes these schemes considerably faster and more efficient than existing ground state cooling methods, and allow for a significant relaxation of current experimental constraints. Several approaches are investigated in different systems. On the one hand, a special laser configuration, applicable to trapped ions, atoms or cantilevers, generates a double dark state that eliminates both the blue sideband and the carrier transition. As a consequence, vanishing phonon occupation up to first order in the perturbative expansion is achieved. Underlying this scheme is a combined action of two cooling schemes which makes the proposal very stable under parameter fluctuations. Its suitability as a cooling scheme for several ions in a trap or for a cloud of atoms in a dipole trap is shown. On the other hand, a pulsed cooling scheme for optomechanical systems is presented. It can be implemented for both strongly and weakly coupled optomechanical systems in both weakly and highly dissipative cavities. Its underlying mechanism is based on interferometric control of optomechanical interactions, and its efficiency is demonstrated with pulse sequences that are obtained by using methods from optimal control. Finally, it is shown how this pulsed method can be combined with continuous measurement to drive mechanical oscillators to highly squeezed steady states. Its mechanism relies on the modification of the dissipation and measurement terms, which drive the system towards a specific quadrature eigenstate. The scheme is robust to measurement inefficiencies and works also with highly dissipative cavities, which makes it accessible to implementation with state of the art technology.
Instabilities and Self-Organization Phenomena in High Density Exciton Systems

The influence of final value of exciton lifetime on exciton condensed phase formation is investigated in deterministic and stochastic approach. It is shown that in some region of pumping, the periodical distribution of exciton density takes place. The numerical solution for periodical distribution of exciton density is obtained for different values of pumping. There are critical values of exciton lifetime for appearance of exciton condensed phase. The distribution density function becomes narrower with increasing pumping.
Regularized deconvolution of multiple images of the same object

In recent publications the problem of deconvolving multiple images of the same object was considered, and the fact that this problem can be well posed in the sense of distributions was stressed. Here we point out that the problem is still ill posed in spaces of square-integrable functions, and we discuss in what cases the use of multiple images rather than a single image can be advantageous.
New Approach for the Continuing Dynamic Programming

The paper proposes the discrete approximate iteration method to solve single-dimensional continuing dynamic programming model. The paper also presents a comparison of the discrete approximate iteration method and bi- convergent method to solve multi-dimensional continuing dynamic programming model. The algorithm is the following: Firstly, let state value of one of state equations be unknown and the others be known. Secondly, use discrete approximate iteration method to find the optimal value of the unknown state values, continue iterating until all state equations have found optimal values. If the objective function is convex, the algorithm is proved linear convergent. If the objective function is non-concave and non-convex, the algorithm is proved convergent.
The CERN Super Proton Synchrotron as a tool to study high energy density physics

An experimental facility named HiRadMat, will be constructed at CERN to study the impact of the 450 GeV c−1 proton beam generated by the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) on solid targets. This is designed to study damage caused to the equipment including absorbers, collimators and others in case of an accidental release of the beam energy. This paper presents two-dimensional numerical simulations of target behavior irradiated by the SPS beam. These numerical simulations have shown that the target will be completely destroyed in such an accident, thereby generating high energy density (HED) matter. This study therefore suggests that this facility may also be used for carrying out dedicated experiments to study HED states in matter.
Effects of Mo content and baking temperature on permeability in Ni-Mo-Cu-Fe and Ni-Mo-Fe permalloys

The dependence of 60 Hz initial and maximum impedance permeabilities on the Mo content and baking temperature for both Cu-bearing and Cu-free permalloy strip was established. Each composition has its own optimum baking temperature resulting in the highest permeability, When Ni and/or Cu contents are fixed, higher Mo content results in lower optimum baking temperatures. Permeabilities fall rapidly when the baking temperatures are lower than 470/spl deg/C due to the formation of long range order (Ni/sub 3/Fe). For a given Ni and/or Cu content, an optimum Mo content exists for the highest maximum permeability. As an example, the maximum permeability was as high as 466,000 in 0.071 mm (0.0028 in.) thick strip with an optimum composition (77Ni4.2Mo4.5Cu-Fe) after the cores were baked at 485/spl deg/C.
Wavebreaking as a limit for Raman amplification

The influence of wavebreaking on Raman amplification is investigated. A phenomenological modification is added to a set of slowly varying envelope equations, and found to give good agreement to particle-in-cell simulations for cold plasma in the wavebreaking regime. For warm plasma, good agreement is not found using the warm wavebreaking limit. However, the PIC simulations show that the decreased wavebreaking limit does have a significant impact on amplification. The limitations of our model are discussed, and possible future work outlined.
A two-phase model for compressible granular flows based on the theory of irreversible processes

In this article we introduce a new two-phase model for compressible viscous flows of saturated mixtures consisting of a carrier fluid and a granular material. The mixture is treated as a multicomponent fluid, with a set of thermodynamic variables assigned to each of its constituents. The volume fraction occupied by the granular phase and its spatial gradient are introduced as additional degrees of freedom. Then, by applying the classical theory of irreversible processes we derive algebraic expressions for the viscous stresses and heat flux vectors, the momentum and energy exchanges between the two phases, as well as a parabolic partial differential equation for the volume fraction. In our model, thermal non-equilibrium between the two phases emerges as a source term of the evolution equation for the volume fraction, in contrast with earlier models.
The dynamics of coherent structures in the wall region of a turbulent boundary layer

We have modelled the wall region of a turbulent boundary layer by expanding the instantaneous field in so-called empirical eigenfunctions, as permitted by the proper orthogonal decomposition theorem (Lumley 1967, 1981). We truncate the representation to obtain low-dimensional sets of ordinary differential equations, from the Navier–Stokes equations, via Galerkin projection. The experimentally determined eigenfunctions of Herzog (1986) are used; these are in the form of streamwise rolls. Our model equations represent the dynamical behaviour of these rolls. We show that these equations exhibit intermittency, which we analyse using the methods of dynamical systems theory, as well as a chaotic regime. We argue that this behaviour captures major aspects of the ejection and bursting events associated with streamwise vortex pairs which have been observed in experimental work (Kline et al. 1967). We show that although this bursting behaviour is produced autonomously in the wall region, and the structure and duration of the bursts is determined there, the pressure signal from the outer part of the boundary layer triggers the bursts, and determines their average frequency. The analysis and conclusions drawn in this paper appear to be among the first to provide a reasonably coherent link between low-dimensional chaotic dynamics and a realistic turbulent open flow system.
Ordered ultraconnected rings

A ring R with identity element 1 is called ultraconnected if for each unital homomorphism of Z into R, there is an t (f) = /( t) • 1 for every / € Z. Our main result is that if no sum of nonzero squares in R is 0 and R has only trivial idempotents, then R fails to be ultraconnected iff R contains a subring isomorphic to Z" /P for some free minimal prime ideal P of Z .
Stability criterion for radial wave equation in finite-difference time-domain method

A relaxed time-step stability criterion is derived for the radial wave equation in Schelkunoff form approximated by a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The criterion is established by comparing with the Cartesian Laplacian operator. This is the first step in developing stability analysis for a spherical wave implementation in FDTD.
Non-invasive dielectric measurements with the scanning potential microscope

The scanning potential microscope (SPM) is a new form of scanning microscope, which maps distributions of spatial potential by direct measurement. The SPM may be used to study, non-invasively, the electrical properties of samples through the potential distribution created near the sample in response to an applied electric field. Spatial resolution and sample to SPM spacing are both close to 1 mu m at the present stage of development of the instrument. We present an SPM study of a test sample comprising three dielectric layers with differing relative permittivities: a 35 mu m film of cellulose acetate (CA, epsilon r approximately=5); a 25 mu m film of polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF, epsilon r approximately=8.4); and a 50 mu m film of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, epsilon r approximately=2-2.1). In the experimental set-up a small, audio-frequency electric displacement was applied through the sample. SPM mapping of the resultant potential distribution close to the sample yielded values of relative permittivity that were within 2% of the material specifications.
On the exponential convergence of the time-invariant matrix Riccati differential equation

The exponential nature of the convergence of the solution of the time-invariant matrix Riccati differential equation toward the stabilizing solution of the algebraic Riccati equation is displayed on an explicit formula. It is assumed that the system is stabilizable and the Hamiltonian matrix has no eigenvalues on the imaginary axis. Computable characteristics are given which can be used to estimate how well a large finite horizon linear-quadratic (LQ) problem is approximated by an infinite horizon LQ problem. <<ETX>>
The effect of HF electrical field on beam-plasma interaction in a plasma waveguide

In this paper we investigate the stabilizing effect of a strong HF (pump) electrical field on a two-stream (Buneman) instability in a plane and cylindrical plasma waveguide. Starting from the two-fluid plasma model we separate the problem into two parts. The "temporal" (dynamical) part enables us to find the frequencies and growth rates of unstable waves. This part within the redefinition of natural (eigen) frequencies coincides with the system describing HF suppression of the Buneman instability in a uniform unbounded plasma. Natural frequencies of oscillations and spatial distribution of the amplitude of the self-consistent electrical field are obtained by solving a boundary-value problem ("spatial" part) considering a specific spatial distribution of plasma density. It is shown that, independent of the geometry of the problem, the conclusion that HF stabilization of Buneman instability in plasma waveguides remains valid. The influence of the HF electric field on the instability of a low-density electron beam passing through a plasma waveguide is reported. It is found that the HF field has no essential effect on the frequencies and growth rates of unstable surface waves which are excited by the beam in the plasma waveguides. The region of instability only slightly narrows and the growth rate decreases by a small factor.