Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Context in Verbal Short-term Memory

Previous research with a running span (or " updating ") working memory task has revealed a group integrity ef-2001). Participants viewed serial presentation of items in groups of one, two, or three, and were instructed to maintain in memory, for subsequent recognition, the four most recently presented items. Performance was sensitive to whether items that had been presented together at encoding were also dropped together from the memory span, or whether this encoding-defined group was broken up when some of its items had to be dropped from the memory set while others were maintained. This group integrity effect was notable because the factor of group integrity was not described prior to testing, and the group-related context associated with an item was unrelated to task demands (i.e., attention to grouping context could not be an effective strategy). For this reason, we hypothesized that the group integrity effect was attributable to information about group context that was encoded automatically as a feature of stimulus representations in our task. The goal of the present research was to assess the theoretical proposition that arose from this previous work: Episodic codes are fundamental components of representations in short-term memory (STM). 1 To translate this proposition into an empirically testable hypothesis, we hypothesized that information about context is automatically and obligatorily encoded and stored along with each STM representation. This work fits into the tradition of research on the effects on memory of what Wickens (1987) referred to as " context alpha, " in which " the context or environmental surround is essentially irrelevant to the central task, whose demand characteristics remain the same regardless of the context " (pp. 135, 138–139), as contrasted with what he referred to as " context beta, " which is " needed to clarify the meaning of a particular word or group of words, or some action; otherwise the event, verbal or other, is ambiguous " (Wickens, 1987, p. 135). (Baddeley, 1982, has termed these two concepts " independent " and " interactive " context, respectively, and Gorfein, 1987, has called the latter " semantic " context). Also outside the scope of the episodic coding model is Gorfein's " environmental " context , because, in addition to context alpha, it also incorporates something akin to behavioral or task set. Although the effects of context manipulations on long-term memory performance have been studied extensively (for a review, see Smith & Vela, …
Through the Interface: A Human Activity Approach To User Interface Design

This dissertation discusses human-computer interaction, and the role of user interfaces in use and design from the point-of-view of human activity theory. Human-computer interaction conducted in purposeful human work is in focus. The main idea is that a computer application, from the user's perspective, is not something that the user operates on but something that the user operates through on other objects or subjects. The contents of the report is the following: Danish Summary; Introduction; Human Activity and Human-Computer Interaction; User Interface Design -- the Empirical Cases; User Interfaces; Methods for User Interface Design; User Interface Design -- Advice to the Designer.
A Technique for the Identification of Inhomogeneities in Canadian Temperature Series

A new technique has been developed for the identification of inhomogeneities in Canadian temperature series. The objective is to identify two types of inhomogeneities—nonclimatic steps and trends—in the series of a candidate station in the absence of prior knowledge of the time of site changes and to properly estimate their position in time and their magnitude. This new technique is based on the application of four linear regression models in order to determine whether the tested series is homogeneous, if there is a nonclimatic trend, a step, or trends before and/or after a step. The dependent variable is the series of the candidate station and the independent variables are the series of some neighboring stations. Additional independent variables are used to describe and measure steps and trends existing in the tested series but not in the neighboring series. After the application of each model, the residuals are analyzed in order to determine the fit of the model. If there is significant autocorrelation in the residuals, nonidentified inhomogeneities are suspected in the tested series and a different model is applied to the datasets. A model is finally accepted when the residuals are considered to be random variables. The description of the technique is presented along with some evaluation of its ability to identify inhomogeneities. Results are illustrated through the provision of an example of its application to archived temperature datasets.
The NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer: New Ways For Exploring the Ocean

Figure 1. NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer, dedicated to world ocean exploration. NOAA photo Th is aticle as been pulished in O ceagraphy, Vlum e 3, N um er 1, a qurterly jornal of Th e O ceagraphy Soiety. © 2010 by Th e O ceagraphy Soiety. A ll rhts rerved. Perm ision is gnted to cpy his aticle or se in teching nd rearch. Replication, sstem m tic repruction, or coective redirbution of ny prtion of his aticle by phocopy m acine, repsting, or oher m eans is perm ited only w ith he aproval of Th e O ceagraphy Soiety. Send ll corrondence o: ifo@ tos.org or Th
Ethical Leadership Essential for an Ethical Environment

High profile scandals and ethical misconduct in companies around the world have brought about a renewed interest in business ethics, specifically the need for a better understanding of the roles and responsibilities of leadership in promoting ethical behaviour. Against this background, a quantitative analysis was conducted among companies operating in South Africa’s Eastern Cape Province’s automotive industry. The aim of the study was to determine the ethics-related roles played by the leadership at these organisations and the extent to which they contributed to establishing and maintaining an ethical organisational environment. A structured online questionnaire was used to collect the data. The results revealed that the organisations in the sample are highly ethical due to ethical and committed leadership and moreover the presence of ethics related interventions, including a code of ethics, adherence to internal and external governance requirements, compliance with legislation and encouragement and disclosure of unethical behaviour. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014. v5n20p897
TrustAfrica Fact Sheet

With the celebrated role of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) as important private sector players in creating employment and enhancing economic growth, national governments across the globe have initiated a range of policies and programmes to promote their growth and expansion. In the recent past, Sub-Saharan African countries have started paying attention to SMEs as key drivers of the economy, mostly taking cue from East Asian economies where SMEs have played a major role in propelling the economies to their current status as global economic giants. However, limited studies have been done to assess how policies and programmes, put in place by African economies, have progressed.
Modeling a Decentralized Asset Market: an Introduction to the Financial \toy-room"

Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. Acknowledgements We would like to thank M. Bert e, who implemented the code for Toy-Room, and helped us with the deenition of several parts of the model. We would also like to thank A. Bassanini, H. Tordjman, and all members of the TED project at I.I. A.S. A. who ooered comments and insights at various stages of the development of this work. Abstract In this paper, we describe a micro-founded simulation environment for decentralized trade in a nancial asset. Within the philosophy of computer-simulated \artiicial markets", this environment allows one to experiment in a modular fashion with (i) individual characterizations in terms of behaviors and learning, (ii) diierent architectural and institutional traits of the market, and (iii) time-embedding of events at the system and the individual level.
MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION OF A GENERALIZED THRESHOLD MODEL By Noelle I. Samia and Kung-Sik Chan Northwestern University and University of Iowa

The open-loop Threshold Model, proposed by Tong [23], is a piecewise-linear stochastic regression model useful for modeling conditionally normal response time-series data. However, in many applications, the response variable is conditionally non-normal, e.g. Poisson or binomially distributed. We generalize the open-loop Threshold Model by introducing the Generalized Threshold Model (GTM). Specifically, it is assumed that the conditional probability distribution of the response variable belongs to the exponential family, and the conditional mean response is linked to some piecewise-linear stochastic regression function. We introduce a likelihood-based estimation scheme for the GTM, and the consistency and limiting distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator are derived. A simulation study is conducted to illustrate the asymptotic results.
A framework for cost based optimization of hybrid CPU/GPU query plans in database systems

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7 Floristic Relationships of Seasonally Dry Forests of Eastern South America Based on Tree Species Distribution Patterns

The tree flora of seasonally dry forests (SDTF) of eastern tropical and subtropical South America was investigated according to two main aspects: (a) the variations in floristic composition were analyzed in terms of geographical and climatic variables by performing multivariate analyses on 532 existing floristic checklists; and (b) the links among different seasonally dry forest formations, Amazonian forests and cerrados (woody savannas) were assessed. Analyses were performed at the species, genus and family levels. There was a strong spatial pattern in tree species distribution that only receded and allowed clearer climate-related patterns to arise when either the geographical range was restricted or data were treated at the genus and family levels. Consistent floristic differences occurred between rain and seasonal forests, although these were obscured by strong regional similarities which made the two foresttypes from the same region closer to each other floristically than they were to their equivalents in different regions. Atlantic rain and seasonal forests
Automated image-based detection and grading of lymphocytic infiltration in breast cancer histopathology

OF THE THESIS Automated Image-based Detection and Grading of Lymphocytic Infiltration in Breast Cancer Histopathology By Ajay Basavanhally Thesis Director: Dr. Anant Madabhushi The identification of phenotypic changes in breast cancer (BC) histopathology is of significant clinical importance in predicting disease outcome and prescribing appropriate therapy. One such example is the presence of lymphocytic infiltration (LI) in histopathology, which has been correlated with a variety of prognoses and theragnoses (i.e. response to treatment) in BC patients. In this thesis work a computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) system is detailed for quantitatively measuring the extent of LI from hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stained histopathology. The CADx system is subsequently applied to BC patients expressing the HER2 gene (HER2+ BC), where LI extent has been found to correlate with nodal metastasis and distant recurrence. Although LI may be graded qualitatively by BC pathologists, there is currently no quantitative and reproducible method for measuring LI extent in HER2+ BC histopathology. Hence, a CADx system that performs this task will potentially help clinicians predict disease outcome and allow them to make better therapy recommendations for HER2+ BC patients. The CADx methodology comprises three
Adenovirus-Mediated Persistent Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Expression in Mouse Airway Epithelium

ABSTRACT Replication-defective adenovirus (Ad) vectors have been used for gene transfer to the respiratory epithelium of experimental animals and individuals with cystic fibrosis. Studies from several laboratories have suggested that administration of first-generation Ad vectors results only in transient gene expression in the lung, due at least in part to destruction of vector-transduced cells by host cellular immune responses directed against viral proteins and/or immunogenic transgene products. We have constructed new Ad2-based, E1-deleted vectors encoding a weakly immunogenic transgene, the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (hCFTR) under the control of the cytomegalovirus enhancer-promoter. These vectors contain wild-type E2 and E4 regions. These new Ad/CFTR vectors were instilled into the lungs of immunocompetent C57BL/6, BALB/c, and C3H mice. In vitro cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) analysis indicated the presence of Ad-specific CTLs in treated mice. However, we were not able to demonstrate a CTL response specific for hCFTR. Reverse transcriptase PCR analysis demonstrated that hCFTR mRNA expression continued in all three strains of mice for at least 70 days, the last time point analyzed. The E3 region did not play a significant role in persistence of the Ad/CFTR vectors in the mouse lung. Functional hCFTR expression was also observed in the nasal epithelia of CF mutant mice. These results suggest that long-term expression of hCFTR is possible in the airway epithelia of immunocompetent mice without radical modification of Ad vector and in spite of the presence of CTLs.
Chronic care management to improve adherence: A comparison of approaches in the care of diabetes

CHRONIC CARE MANAGEMENT TO IMPROVE ADHERENCE: A COMPARISONOF APPROACHES IN THE CARE OF DIABETES By Mary Ellen Gervais A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2010 Director: Dolores G. Clement, Dr.P.H. , Professor, Department of Health Administration Managing chronic conditions is seen as the public health challenge of the 21 century. The number of Americans with chronic conditions is expected to rise to 157 million by 2020. Diabetes prevalence and costs contribute to the growing problem. Diabetes was the seventh leading cause of death in 2006. Nationally, the cost of diabetes is expected to be $138 billion in 2020. Diabetes leads to multiple and significant complications. The desired outcomes of management of chronic conditions are improvement in clinical status, avoidance of complications, prevention of co-morbid conditions and avoidance of the costs associated with complications. In the 1990s, disease management programs were implemented in an attempt to effectively manage chronic conditions. The primary approach in these programs focuses on individual-level interventions. Despite these efforts, poor outcomes exist. As a result, other approaches to diabetes management are being explored. This study examines a system-level approach to diabetes management versus an individual level one. The system level approach is based on full implementation of the Chronic Care Model, framed in Social Ecology Theory. This retrospective, nonexperimental study explores changes in adherence to select diabetes screening guidelines based on the approach to adopted by two health plans. Analyses were conducted on adherence to LDL, A1c, retinopathy and nephropathy screening 2 1⁄2 years after program implementation. In addition, logistic regression analyses were conducted on the predictive impact of approach to chronic care management in relation to changes in adherence. Other variables known to impact health behaviors were factored into the analysis. There were two main findings of the study. The first is that for each of the screenings, there was a statistically significant difference between participants in the two plans. Comparisons of changes in adherence by approach from before implementation to after implementation resulted in a small number of subjects in some cells which can lead to accepting the null hypothesis when it is false. The second is that approach to management was associated with changes in adherence to three of the four screenings. The logistic models, however, account for less than 23% of the variance in adherence, a moderate effect size.
Noise Exposure Assessment for Extended Work Shifts - What Are the Options?

Determining employee time-weighted average (TWA) noise exposures for facilities with 8-hour work shifts can be a fairly straightforward procedure. However, confusion often reigns when extended work shifts (i.e., 10-hour, 12-hour days) exist. To handle exposure data for workdays greater than 8 hours there are at least three viable options. The data may be normalized to an 8-hour day for direct comparison to the applicable regulation criteria, the average sound level may be compared to a sliding-scale criteria, or the full-shift projected dose may be utilized. Each option is described herein to help sound surveyors decide which approach may be best suited for their specific needs or management preferences. Consider the following example. A pipe fitter works 12hour days in a chemical plant. A personal noise dosimeter is used to measure the pipe fitter’s daily noise exposure. The dosimeter is pre-set with an 80-dBA threshold level, a 90-dBA criterion level, and a 5-dBA exchange rate. Note: these criteria are set forth in both the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) occupational noise exposure regulations. The dosimeter sample duration is 10 hours and 41 minutes, which is equal to 10.7 hours. The measured dose is 44.6%, and the average sound level (L AVG ) is 82.1 dBA. Based on the regulatory requirements, does this job activity warrant inclusion in a hearing conservation program (HCP)? Note: for demonstration purposes only data measured with the low-threshold (80 dBA) setting are used. For an explanation of the differences between lowand highthreshold (90 dBA) data, please refer to the author’s article entitled A Common Misunderstanding About Noise Exposure Assessment and the Regulations, that appeared in the CAOHC Update Winter/Spring 2004 issue. In addition, this example assumes sufficient sampling time is used to make certain an adequate number of full-duty work cycles are captured during the partial-shift monitoring to ensure the results are representative of the full 12-hour workday.
Predictors and correlates of Saudi nursing students' grit and positive thinking amidst the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: Academic success requires grit and positive thinking. However, research on Middle Eastern nursing students' grit and positive thinking is limited. This study investigated the demographic variables that correlate to and predict Saudi nursing students' grit and positive thinking. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional design guided this study. We used the 12-item Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) and 8-item Positive Thinking Skills Scale (PTSS) to collect data from 338 nursing students. The Pearson corre- lation coef ﬁ cient and linear regression analysis were utilized to analyze the data. Findings: Nursing students' Grit-S mean score is more signi ﬁ cant than their PTSS score. The year level is inversely associated with Grit-S, while gender and Grit-S had a weak direct correlation. Regarding PTSS, only the year level was inversely correlated. Finally, both the year level and gender were signi ﬁ cant predictors of Grit-S and PTSS. Discussion: Participants' responses to Grit-S and PTSS scores vary greatly depending on their demographics. The nursing students' grit and positive thinking did not develop as they progressed in the nursing program, which is viewed differently by each gender. © 2022 Organization for Associate Degree Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Device-free localization with received signal strength measurements in wireless networks

Device-free localization (DFL) is the practice of locating people or objects when no tag or device is attached to the entity being tracked. DFL technologies are useful in applications where the targets being tracked and detected are not expected to cooperate with the system. This may be the case because the entities being tracked are evading surveillance, because they are unable, or because they do not want to be inconvenienced. This dissertation discusses some novel and cost-effective methods for locating people with received signal strength (RSS) measurements in wireless networks. The first contribution of this work presents a linear model for using received signal strength (RSS) measurements to obtain images of moving objects, a process called radio tomographic imaging (RTI). Noise models are investigated based on real measurements of a deployed RTI system. Mean-squared error (MSE) bounds on image accuracy are derived, which are used to calculate the accuracy of an RTI system for a given node geometry. The ill-posedness of RTI is discussed, and Tikhonov regularization is used to derive an image estimator. We then present variance-based RTI, which takes advantage of the motioninduced variance of received signal strength measurements. Using a multipath channel model, we show that the signal strength on a wireless link is largely dependent on the power contained in multipath components that travel through space containing moving objects. A statistical model relating variance to spatial locations of movement is presented and used as a framework for the estimation of a motion image. The final contribution of this dissertation introduces measurement-based statistical models that can be used to estimate the locations of people using signal strength measurements in wireless networks. We demonstrate, using extensive experimental data, that changes in signal strength measurements due to human motion can be modeled by the skew-Laplace distribution. The parameters of the distribution are dependent on the position of person and on the amount of fading that a particular link experiences. Using the skew-Laplace likelihood model, we apply a particle filter to experimentally estimate the location of moving and stationary people through walls.
A fast moving object detection method based on 2D laser scanner and infrared camera

Moving object detection is a major research direction of video surveillance systems. This paper proposes a novel approach for moving object detection by fusing information from the laser scanner and infrared camera. First, in accordance with the feature of laser scanner data, we apply robust principal component analysis (RPCA) to studying moving object detection. Then the depth and angle information of moving objects is mapped to the infrared image pixels so as to obtain the regions of interest (ROI). Finally, moving objects can be recognized by making investigation of the ROI. Experimental results show that this method has good real-time performance and accuracy.
Hamilton-Poisson Realizations for the Lü System

The Hamilton-Poisson geometry has proved to be an interesting approach for a lot of dynamics arising from different areas like biology (Gumral and Nutku, 1993), economics (Dănăiasă et al., 2008), or engineering (Ginoux and Rossetto, 2006). The Lu system was first proposed by Lu and Chen (2002) as a model of a nonlinear electrical circuit, and it was studied from various points of view. We intend to study it from mechanical geometry point of view and to point out some of its geometrical and dynamical properties.