Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temperature mapping on a suspended carbon nanotube using electron thermal microscopy

Nanoscale thermal mapping along an individual multi-walled carbon nanotube suspended between two electrodes/heat-sinks was successfully demonstrated by using the solid/liquid phase transition of indium nanoparticles in a transmission electron microscope. The brightness shift of nanoparticles in the dark-field image was clearly recognized according to the DC heating of the nanotube. It was also found that the indium deposition induces defects in the nanotube, resulting in the decrease of thermal conductivity. The temperature distribution along the nanotube obtained from the dark-field images showed good agreement with the simulated data of a defective nanotube with Joule-heating.
Life after Prematurity: Special Health Care Needs, Working Memory, and Health-related Quality of Life Among 9- to 11-year-old Children Born Prematurely

Premature birth, defined as birth before the completion of 37 weeks of gestation, places children at risk for medical, physical, psychosocial and neurodevelopmental impairments. These impairments may vary in severity. Beyond infancy, children born prematurely are typically not studied as a group, but rather fall within many other diagnostic labels and categories. Non-categorical research, using consequence-based measures, is a means of capturing the effect of prematurity. In this study three major areas of functioning were assessed in 9to 11-year-old children born prematurely and a group of full-term controls: special health care needs, working memory capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Working memory is described as a pure measure of children’s ability to learn, as it is the capacity to hold and process information. Healthrelated quality of life is a state that encompasses children’s perception of and adaptation to their world, includes the children’s physical, social, emotional and school environments, and acknowledges its variable effect on childhood. The Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN) Screener, the Automated Working Memory Assessment Screener and the PedsQL Generic Core Scales were used. These measures have not been used previously in combination to evaluate children born prematurely. A total of 96 children and their parents participated in this research. The premature and term groups did not differ significantly on the variables of special health care needs, working memory capacity, and health-related quality of life. Statistically significant differences were found between child and parent rating of HRQOL in the premature group. A 51% incidence of special health care needs was found in the sample of premature children, compared to 37% in the sample of term children. The findings
Making Thinking Visible in Learning Arabic L2 Oral Tasks: A Cognitive Approach

This study explains the effect of the Cognitive Apprenticeship (CA) approach on the teachability and learnability of Arabic as a second language (Arabic L2) (1). The study provides a short introduction to the CA approach, including a brief comparison between the traditional apprenticeship and the CA and a discussion of previous attempts to implement this approach in teaching a second language.
Infectious hepatitis with subacute atrophy of the liver; an epidemic in women after the menopause.

AN unusual and serious epidemic of infectious hepatitis has been present in Denmark since 1944. It differs from epidemics previously described in that the course has been extremely malignant and the disease, which is usually fatal, occurs almost exclusively in women after the menopause. In 1945 attention was called to this form of hepatitis in Denmark,1 and several other observers have had similar experiences.2 3 4 Since in most patients the disease progresses in a characteristic and uniform manner, the symptoms by which it has generally been manifested in our department are described below. As a rule the patient is an elderly .
Fuzzy based contextual cueing for region level annotation

This paper investigates the challenging issue of assigning given image-level annotations to precise regions on natural images. We propose a novel label to region assignment (LRA) technique called Fuzzy-based Contextual-cueing Label Propagation (FCLP) with four parts: First, an image is over-segmented into a set of atomic patches and the local visual information of color features and texture features are extracted. Second, fuzzy representation and fuzzy reasoning are used to model contextual cueing information, especially for the imprecise position information and ambiguous spatial topological relationships. Third, labels are propagated inter images in visual space and intra images in contextual cueing space. Finally, the fuzzy C-means clustering based on K-nearest neighbor (KNN-FCM) is utilized to segment the images into semantic regions and associate with corresponding annotations. Experiments on the public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Effects of epinephrine infusion on adipose tissue: interactions between blood flow and lipid metabolism.

Epinephrine has effects on both blood flow and metabolism in adipose tissue. To investigate how these effects might interact in vivo, epinephrine was infused into six healthy volunteers at a rate of 25 ng.kg-1.min-1. The rates of action of lipoprotein lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase in adipose tissue were calculated by measurement of arteriovenous differences across subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, and adipose tissue blood flow was measured. Epinephrine caused a significant rise in adipose tissue blood flow (P < 0.001), and the net efflux of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) from adipose tissue increased significantly (P < 0.05). Most of this efflux could be accounted for by hormone-sensitive lipase-derived NEFA efflux from cells (P < 0.05), but there was also a significant rise in the contribution of lipoprotein lipase-derived NEFA (P < 0.05). We conclude that adipose tissue blood flow plays an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism, controlling substrate presentation for lipoprotein lipase and also preventing the local accumulation of fatty acids derived from both hormone-sensitive lipase and lipoprotein lipase.
Logistic Regression of Ligands of Chemotaxis Receptors Offers Clues about Their Recognition by Bacteria

Because of relative simplicity of signal transduction pathway, bacterial chemotaxis sensory systems have been expected to be applied to biosensor. Tar and Tsr receptors mediate chemotaxis of Escherichia coli and have been studied extensively as models of chemoreception by bacterial two-transmembrane receptors. Such studies are typically conducted using two canonical ligands: l-aspartate for Tar and l-serine for Tsr. However, Tar and Tsr also recognize various analogs of aspartate and serine; it remains unknown whether the mechanism by which the canonical ligands are recognized is also common to the analogs. Moreover, in terms of engineering, it is important to know a single species of receptor can recognize various ligands to utilize bacterial receptor as the sensor for wide range of substances. To answer these questions, we tried to extract the features that are common to the recognition of the different analogs by constructing classification models based on machine-learning. We computed 20 physicochemical parameters for each of 38 well-known attractants that act as chemoreception ligands, and 15 known non-attractants. The classification models were generated by utilizing one or more of the seven physicochemical properties as descriptors. From the classification models, we identified the most effective physicochemical parameter for classification: the minimum electron potential. This descriptor that occurred repeatedly in classification models with the highest accuracies, This descriptor used alone could accurately classify 42/53 of compounds. Among the 11 misclassified compounds, eight contained two carboxyl groups, which is analogous to the structure of characteristic of aspartate analog. When considered separately, 16 of the 17 aspartate analogs could be classified accurately based on the distance between their two carboxyl groups. As shown in these results, we succeed to predict the ligands for bacterial chemoreceptors using only a few descriptors; single descriptor for single receptor. This result might be due to the relatively simple topology of bacterial two-transmembrane receptors compared to the G-protein-coupled receptors of seven-transmembrane receptors. Moreover, this distance between carboxyl groups correlated with the receptor binding affinity of the aspartate analogs. In view of this correlation, we propose a common mechanism underlying ligand recognition by Tar of compounds with two carboxyl groups.
Architectural frameworks for developing national health information systems in low and middle income countries

Consolidating currently fragmented health information systems in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) into a coherent national information system will increase operational efficiencies, improve decision-making and will lead to better health outcomes. However, engineering an enterprise information system of the scale and complexity of a national health information system (NHIS) pose unique and complex challenges in LMICs. In this paper, we review current approaches to NHIS development and discuss challenges faced by LMICs to develop their NHIS. Based on current LMIC systems we identify three stages of system evolution and propose that LMICs should follow an evolutionary, middle-out approach to NHIS development supported by appropriate architectural frameworks.
Differential Item Functioning Analysis for Accommodated Versus Nonaccommodated Students

The No Child Left Behind act resulted in an increased reliance on large-scale standardized tests to assess the progress of individual students as well as schools. In addition, emphasis was placed on including all students in the testing programs as well as those with disabilities. As a result, the role of testing accommodations has become more central in discussions about test fairness and accessibility as well as evidence of validity. This study seeks to examine whether there exists differential item functioning for math and language items between special education examinees receiving accommodations and those not receiving accommodations.
Preliminary evaluation of a mobile robotic device for navigation and intervention on the beating heart

This article describes the development and preliminary testing of a mobile robotic device to facilitate minimally invasive beating-heart intrapericardial intervention. The HeartLander robot will be introduced beneath the pericardium via subxiphoid incision, adhere to the epicardium, navigate to any location, and administer therapy under the control of the physician. As compared to current robotic cardiac surgical techniques, this novel paradigm obviates immobilization of the heart and eliminates access limitations. Furthermore, it does not require lung deflation and differential ventilation and thus could enable outpatient cardiac surgery. The current HeartLander prototypes use suction to maintain prehension of the epicardium and wire actuation to perform locomotion. A fiber optic videoscope displays visual feedback to the physician, who controls the device through a joystick interface. The initial prototype demonstrated successful prehension, turning, and locomotion on open-chest, beating-heart porcine models where the pericardium was removed (N = 3). A smaller second-generation prototype with an injection system demonstrated locomotion and myocardial injection of dye, both performed with the pericardium intact (N = 3). These trials illustrate the feasibility of using a miniature mobile robot to navigate upon the beating heart and perform intrapericardial therapy.
Perinatal period and pregnancy: intervals of high risk for chemical carcinogens.

Experiments in rodents indicate that during the post-embryonic period of prenatal development, the fetus is more sensitive than the adult to certain carcinogens, by several decimal orders of magnitude. Most such agents are direct-acting and independent of metabolism. To other substances, often those which require enzyme-mediated metabolic conversion to a chemically reactive derivative in order to effect carcinogenesis, the fetus may be less vulnerable than the adult. The neonate is also more susceptible than adults to some carcinogens, and may be more susceptible than the fetus to certain agents. Both rodent and primate studies indicate that gravid females are also at elevated risk for carcinogenesis, in part because of the presence in the placenta of trophoblastic tissue which may become malignant. The contributions of rapid growth rate, changing metabolic competence, and tissue differentiation to elevated perinatal susceptibility to carcinogens in rodents and primates are discussed, together with the implications of these findings for human beings subjected to industrial or environmental exposures to such chemicals. ImagesFIGURE 1.FIGURE 2.
Structure of human brain fructose 1,6‐(bis)phosphate aldolase: Linking isozyme structure with function

Fructose‐1,6‐(bis)phosphate aldolase is a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the reversible aldol cleavage of fructose‐1,6‐(bis)phosphate and fructose 1‐phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and either glyceral‐dehyde‐3‐phosphate or glyceraldehyde, respectively. Vertebrate aldolases exist as three isozymes with different tissue distributions and kinetics: aldolase A (muscle and red blood cell), aldolase B (liver, kidney, and small intestine), and aldolase C (brain and neuronal tissue). The structures of human aldolases A and B are known and herein we report the first structure of the human aldolase C, solved by X‐ray crystallography at 3.0 Å resolution. Structural differences between the isozymes were expected to account for isozyme‐specific activity. However, the structures of isozymes A, B, and C are the same in their overall fold and active site structure. The subtle changes observed in active site residues Arg42, Lys146, and Arg303 are insufficient to completely account for the tissue‐specific isozymic differences. Consequently, the structural analysis has been extended to the isozyme‐specific residues (ISRs), those residues conserved among paralogs. A complete analysis of the ISRs in the context of this structure demonstrates that in several cases an amino acid residue that is conserved among aldolase C orthologs prevents an interaction that occurs in paralogs. In addition, the structure confirms the clustering of ISRs into discrete patches on the surface and reveals the existence in aldolase C of a patch of electronegative residues localized near the C terminus. Together, these structural changes highlight the differences required for the tissue and kinetic specificity among aldolase isozymes.
New Hardness Results for Graph and Hypergraph Colorings

Finding a proper coloring of a t-colorable graph G with t colors is a classic NP-hard problem when t ≥ 3. In this work, we investigate the approximate coloring problem in which the objective is to find a proper c-coloring of G where c ≥ t. We show that for all t ≥ 3, it is NP-hard to find a c-coloring when c ≤ 2t - 2. In the regime where t is small, this improves, via a unified approach, the previously best known hardness result of c ≤ max{2t - 5, t + 2⌊t/3⌋ - 1} [9, 21, 13]. For example, we show that 6-coloring a 4-colorable graph is NP-hard, improving on the NP-hardness of 5-coloring a 4-colorable graph. We also generalize this to related problems on the strong coloring of hypergraphs. A k-uniform hypergraph H is t-strong colorable (where t ≥ k) if there is a t-coloring of the vertices such that no two vertices in each hyperedge of H have the same color. We show that if t = ⌈3k/2⌉, then it is NP-hard to find a 2-coloring of the vertices of H such that no hyperedge is monochromatic. We conjecture that a similar hardness holds for t = k + 1. We establish the NP-hardness of these problems by reducing from the hardness of the Label Cover problem, via a "dictatorship test" gadget graph. By combinatorially classifying all possible colorings of this graph, we can infer labels to provide to the label cover problem. This approach generalizes the "weak polymorphism" framework of [3], though interestingly our results are "PCP-free" in that they do not require any approximation gap in the starting Label Cover instance.
C-Reactive Protein Is an Important Biomarker for Prognosis Tumor Recurrence and Treatment Response in Adult Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review

Purpose A systematic literature review was done to determine the relationship between elevated CRP and prognosis in people with solid tumors. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a serum acute phase reactant and a well-established inflammatory marker. We also examined the role of CRP to predict treatment response and tumor recurrence. Methods MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) terms were used to search multiple electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, EBM-Cochrane). Two independent reviewers selected research papers. We also included a quality Assessment (QA) score. Reports with QA scores <50% were excluded. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) methodology was utilized for this review (S1 PRISMA Checklist). Results 271 articles were identified for final review. There were 45% prospective studies and 52% retrospective. 264 had intermediate QA score (≥50% but <80%); Seven were adequate (80% -100%); A high CRP was predictive of prognosis in 90% (245/271) of studies—80% of the 245 studies by multivariate analysis, 20% by univariate analysis. Many (52%) of the articles were about gastrointestinal malignancies (GI) or kidney malignancies. A high CRP was prognostic in 90% (127 of 141) of the reports in those groups of tumors. CRP was also prognostic in most reports in other solid tumors primary sites. Conclusions A high CRP was associated with higher mortality in 90% of reports in people with solid tumors primary sites. This was particularly notable in GI malignancies and kidney malignancies. In other solid tumors (lung, pancreas, hepatocellular cancer, and bladder) an elevated CRP also predicted prognosis. In addition there is also evidence to support the use of CRP to help decide treatment response and identify tumor recurrence. Better designed large scale studies should be conducted to examine these issues more comprehensively.
Dating Major Life Events using an CAPI/CASI Event History Calendar in Add Health

This paper describes the purpose, design, and field administration of a CAPI/CASI Event History Calendar (EHC) in Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, or Add Health. The Add Health EHC was implemented in Wave III when the Add Health cohort was aged 18-26 and in the midst of their transition to adulthood. The EHC was added to the Wave III questionnaire to improve accuracy in reporting lifetime event data. The EHC was primarily used as a memory aid during both the CAPI and CASI portions of the interview to help respondents answer questions about events such as romantic relationships, births and pregnancies, marriages, and graduations. We also present results from descriptive analysis that compares EHC data with other independent reports of similar events across interview waves and within the Wave III interview to assess the consistency of EHC data with other survey data.
Motion retrieval and its application to motion synthesis

We present a simple and effective approach to synthesize new motions from a given corpus of motion data. First an index function, based on posture features of each motion frame, is introduced for indexing given motion data. Then based on the fact that motion coherence implies index coherence, a new motion with start frame f/sub start/ and end frame f/sub end/ can be synthesized by finding a smooth path connecting f/sub start/ to f/sub end/ in the multidimensional index space. Moreover, an algorithm for finding multiple smooth paths is presented and motion refinement mechanism is also provided to synthesize desired motion behavior. Experimental examples are given to demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can generate desired motion effectively and efficiently.
1 L-myo-Inositol 1-Phosphate Synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana

A recombinant phage containing an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA sequence encoding a protein with 1L-myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase (EC 5.5.1.4) activity has been isolated and used for transcriptional and translational studies. The identification of the recombinant phage relied on the observations that (a) the clone complements a mutation in the structural gene for 1L-myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, (b) the in vitro synthesized polypeptide enzymatically converts glucose 6-phosphate into inositol 1-phosphate, (c) in vitro transcription and translation of this cDNA sequence produces a polypeptide that is recognized by anti-yeast myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase antiserum, and (d) inositol regulates the expression of the corresponding gene in Arabidopsis.
Circle of Willis collateral flow investigated by magnetic resonance angiography.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The circle of Willis (CW) is considered an important collateral pathway in maintaining adequate cerebral blood flow in patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) obstruction. We aimed to investigate the anatomic variation of the CW in patients with severe symptomatic carotid obstructive disease and to analyze diameter changes of its components in relation to varying grades of ICA obstruction and in relation to the presence or absence of (retrograde) collateral flow. METHODS Seventy-five patients with minor disabling neurological deficits and with ICA stenoses or occlusions were categorized into 4 groups according to the severity of ICA obstruction. This patient population reflected a relatively favorable subgroup of cerebral infarction (considering their minor neurological deficits). All subjects underwent magnetic resonance angiography, including magnetic resonance angiography sensitive to flow direction. CW morphology and the size of its components were determined and compared with those values in control subjects (n=100). RESULTS Compared with control subjects, patients demonstrated a significantly higher percentage of entirely complete CW configurations (55% versus 36%, P=0.02), complete anterior configurations (88% versus 68%, P=0.002), and complete posterior CW configurations (63% versus 47%, P=0.04). Patients with severe ICA stenosis did not show significantly increased CW vessel diameters. Patients with ICA occlusion demonstrated a high prevalence of collateral flow through the anterior CW and significantly increased diameters of the communicating channels. Patients with bilateral ICA occlusion relied on collateral flow via the posterior CW and demonstrated a bilateral increase in posterior communicating artery diameters (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The anatomic and functional configuration of the CW reflects the degree of ICA obstruction.