Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Variable Neighborhood Search Algorithm for Solving Fuzzy Number Linear Programming Problems Using Modified Kerre's Method

To solve a fuzzy linear program, we need to compare fuzzy numbers. Here, we make use of our recently proposed modified Kerre's method for comparison of LR fuzzy numbers. We give some new results on LR fuzzy numbers and show that to compare two LR fuzzy numbers, it is not necessary to compute the fuzzy maximum of two numbers directly. Using the modified Kerre's method, we propose a new variable neighborhood search algorithm for solving fuzzy number linear programming problems. In our algorithm, the local search is defined based on descent directions, which are found by solving four crisp mathematical programming problems. In several methods, a fuzzy optimization problem is converted to a crisp problem but in our proposed method, using our modified Kerre's method, the fuzzy optimization problem is solved directly, without changing it to a crisp program. We provide examples to compare the performance of our proposed algorithm to other available methods. We show the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm by using the nonparametric statistical sign test.
The diffusion of higher-status lexis in medieval England: the role of the clergy

For Rothwell (1998: 156) ‘words of ultimately French origin became part of the lexis of English as a result of the myriad daily contacts between Anglo-French and Middle English in the minds and under the pens of a whole literate class’. Although such contact interfaces between Francophone and Anglophone speakers clearly must have existed, not enough is known as to the means by which French-origin lexis was borrowed and diffused. I argue that a principal agency of contact-induced lexical change in Middle English was the clergy in their everyday role of spiritual guidance, whether or not they themselves composed religious texts. French loans in works of spiritual guidance are known to be common from the thirteenth-century Ancrene Wisse onwards (Trotter 2003a). According to contemporaneous sources, English clerics received a Francophone-medium school education (Orme 1973), which would have familiarised them with the French vocabulary used in religious instruction in chantry schools and beyond. The various manuscripts of the Cursor Mundi, a work of lay religious instruction probably composed around 1300, also offer a revealing window on the process of lexical innovation and replacement instigated by the clergy. An analysis of variant lexical forms, native and French-origin, found in the first 10,000 lines of this work shows that the latter would go on to replace native items the majority of the time. The loss of many native variants, e.g. niþ, mensk and þole, and their replacement, respectively, by envy, honour and suffer, can be attributed to the role played by the clergy in diffusing French-origin items in the domains of discourse they dominated. Rather than merely reflecting the pre-existing lexical knowledge of monolingual English speakers, the clergy's use of such items initially introduced and then maintained French-origin lexemes in at least the receptive competence of such speakers. Their regular and widespread contact with the population at large would have enabled the take-up of lexical innovation via the spoken medium, thus motivating the use observed in homiletic and devotional written texts of extensive French-origin lexis.
Semantic segmentation of pavement cracks based on an improved U-Net

Cracks are one of the types of pavement defects that can affect the safety and quality of roads, so identifying such defects is an important part of road maintenance. In this paper, based on the U-Net coding-decoding structure, an ECA channel attention module is added to the coding stage, thus improving feature extraction without introducing too many extra parameters and computational effort. The insertion of the FCNhead decoding dock in the decoding stage can improve the performance of the model on semantic segmentation tasks while maintaining its efficiency and interpretability, thus better meeting the needs of practical applications. Experimental results on the CFD dataset and the crack500 dataset show that the algorithm improves the accuracy of crack detection and has better robustness.
Development of virtual monochromatic imaging technique with spectral CT based on a photon-counting detector

With the advent of the coherent age the implementation of massive digital signal processors (DSP) co-integrated with high speed AD and DA converters became feasible allowing for the realization of huge flexibility of transponders. Today the implementation of variable transponders is mainly based on variable programming of DSP to support different modulation formats and symbol rates. Modulation formats with high flexibility are required such as pragmatic QAM formats and hybrid modulation formats. Furthermore, we report on an implementable probabilistically shaping technique allowing for adjusting the bitrate. We introduce fundamental characteristics of all modes and describe basic operation principles. The modifications of the operational modes are enabled simply by switching between different formats and symbol rates in the DSP to adjust the transponders spectral efficiency, the bitrate and the maximum transmission distance. A fine granularity in bitrate and in maximum transmission distance can be implemented especially by hybrid formats and by probabilistically shaped formats. Furthermore, latter allow for ~+25% increase of the maximum transmission distance due their operation close to the Shannon limit as a consequence of their 2D Gaussian like signal nature. If the flexibility and programmability of transponders is implemented, it can be utilized to support different strategies for the application. The variability in symbol rate is mainly translated into variability in bitrate and in bandwidth consumption. Contrary the variable spectral efficiency translates into a variation of the maximum transmission reach and of the bitrate. A co-adjustment of both options will lead to a superior flexibility of optical transponders to address all requirements from application, transponder and fiber infrastructure perspective.
Evolution Process of Recycling Chain of Takeout Packages Based on Behavioural Science

With the rapid development of the takeout food industry in recent years, the amount of non-degradable wastes such as packing boxes and plastic bags are increasing day by day, which leads to severe waste of resources and pollution of environment. How to deal with the takeout packaging wastes have become a new problem of online ordering and also an important subject of social sustainable development. The construction of a recycling industry chain is an important measure to achieve the recycling of takeout packaging wastes. But this process involves many stakeholders, such as the government, takeout enterprises, package manufacturers and consumers. The cognition and decision of these stakeholders play a decisive role in the construction of the recycling industry chain. An evolutionary game model was established to analyze the effects of different decision behaviours of stakeholders on the construction of the recycling industry chain. And then the MATLAB software was used to dynamically simulate the game system. The results show that in the absence of government intervention, the proportion of the initial decision of consumers and enterprises determines whether the evolutionary game system can converge to the ideal state or not, meanwhile the consumers and enterprises have benign interaction effect in the process of constructing the recycling industry chain; in the case of government intervention, the evolution results of the game system will always reach to the ideal state, and the evolution speed is greatly increased. In the end, the countermeasures and suggestions to optimize the decision behaviours of various stakeholders were provided from the perspective of the government behaviour.
A variational Bayes approach to a semiparametric regression using Gaussian process priors

This paper presents a variational Bayes approach to a semiparametric regression model that consists of parametric and nonparametric components. The assumed univariate nonparametric component is represented with a cosine series based on a spectral analysis of Gaussian process priors. Here, we develop fast variational methods for fitting the semiparametric regression model that reduce the computation time by an order of magnitude over Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Further, we explore the possible use of the variational lower bound and variational information criteria for model choice of a parametric regression model against a semiparametric alternative. In addition, variational methods are developed for estimating univariate shape-restricted regression functions that are monotonic, monotonic convex or monotonic concave. Since these variational methods are approximate, we explore some of the trade-offs involved in using them in terms of speed, accuracy and automation of the implementation in comparison with Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and discuss their potential and limitations. MSC 2010 subject classifications: Primary 62G08; secondary 62F15.
Computational Methods for Homogeneous Multi-phase Real Fluid Flows at All Speeds

Computations of all-speed multi-phase real fluid flows are known to be very demanding owing to several issues that include robust capturing of two-phase shock/phase discontinuity and proper scaling of numerical flux at steady/unsteady all-speed flows. This paper contributes several solutions for addressing difficulties arising from these issues. It consists of two part: development of accurate and efficient numerical schemes for multi-phase real fluid flows at all-speeds and high fidelity computation of a cryogenic cavitating flows around turbopump inducer. In first part, the baseline numerical schemes, RoeM and AUSMPW+ schemes for multi-phase flows, are extended for real fluid flow and improved for unsteady low Mach number flows. The shock-discontinuity-sensing term used in the two-phase RoeM and AUSMPW+ schemes is modified, as the existing shock-discontinuity-sensing term is not suitable for complex equation of state of real fluids. The accuracy of the two-phase RoeM and AUSMPW+ schemes for unsteady low Mach number flows is then improved through separate scaling of the velocityand pressure-difference terms. it is shown that the proposed schemes, called RoeM N and AUSMPW+ N schemes, are capable of robustly and accurately capturing phenomena involving phase and shock discontinuities and interactions between them for numerous two-phase problems. Significant improvements in accuracy are observed for the unsteady convectionand acoustic-dominated problems over the previous two-phase RoeM and AUSMPW+ schemes. Finally, steam condensing and cryogenic cavitation problems are presented to demonstrate the accurate and robust behavior of the proposed schemes
Seismic resonances of spherical acoustic cavities

We study the interaction of a seismic wavefield with a spherical acoustic gas‐ or fluid‐filled cavity. The intention of this study is to clarify whether seismic resonances can be expected, a characteristic feature that may help in detecting cavities in the subsurface. This is important for many applications, in particular the detection of underground nuclear explosions, which are to be prohibited by the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. To calculate the full seismic wavefield from an incident plane wave that interacts with the cavity, we considered an analytic formulation of the problem. The wavefield interaction consists of elastic scattering and the wavefield interaction between the acoustic and elastic media. Acoustic resonant modes caused by internal reflections in the acoustic cavity show up as spectral peaks in the frequency domain. The resonant peaks coincide with the eigenfrequencies of the un‐damped system described by the particular acoustic medium bounded in a sphere with stiff walls. The filling of the cavity could thus be determined by the observation of spectral peaks from acoustic resonances. By energy transmission from the internal oscillations back into the elastic domain, the oscillations experience damping, resulting in a frequency shift and a limitation of the resonance amplitudes. In case of a gas‐filled cavity, the impedance contrast is still high, which means low damping of the internal oscillations resulting in very narrow resonances of high amplitude. In synthetic seismograms calculated in the surrounding elastic domain, the acoustic resonances of gas‐filled cavities show up as persisting oscillations. However, due to the weak acoustic–elastic coupling in this case, the amplitudes of the oscillations are very low. Due to a lower impedance contrast, a fluid‐filled cavity has a stronger acoustic–elastic coupling, which results in wide spectral peaks of lower amplitudes. In the synthetic seismograms derived in the surrounding medium of fluid‐filled cavities, acoustic resonances show up as strong but fast decaying reverberations.
Nonlinear Control of an Active Magnetic Bearing with Output Constraint

In this paper, an appropriate control strategy is proposed to handle the nonlinear dynamics ofan active magnetic bearing (AMB). The goal of the control design is to drive the AMB rotor to the origin with improved transient response. In order to achieve this task, back stepping control technique with a barrier Lyapunov function are employed to keep the tracking error trajectory inside a predefined zone to avoid possible mechanical contact between rotor and stator. Besides, a speed observer is also used since information about rotor speed is not always available. The stability of the closed-loop system is proven. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by numerical simulations.
An Aircraft-Based Study of Strong Gap Flows in Nares Strait, Greenland

Gap flows and the stable boundary layer were studied in northwest Greenland during the aircraft-based Investigation of Katabatic Winds and Polynyas during Summer (IKAPOS) experiment in June 2010. The measurements were performed using the research aircraft POLAR 5 of Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI; Bremerhaven). Besides navigational and basic meteorological instrumentation, the aircraft was equipped with radiation and surface temperature sensors and a turbulence measurement system. In the area of Smith Sound at the southern end of the Nares Strait, a stable, but fully turbulent, boundary layer with strong winds of up to 22 m s−1 was found during conditions of synoptically induced northerly winds through the Nares Strait. Strong surface inversions were present in the lowest 100–200 m. As a consequence of channeling effects, a well-pronounced low-level jet system was documented for each of four flights. The wind maximum is located at 20–50-km distance from the exit of Smith Sound. The 3D boundary layer structure past this gap is studied in detail. The channeling process is consistent with gap flow theory. The flow through the gap and over the surrounding mountains leads to the lowering of isotropic surfaces and the acceleration of the flow. The orographically channeled flow through Smith Sound plays a key role for the formation of the North Water polynya being the largest ice-producing polynya in the Arctic.
Remote Sensing Image Segmentation and Extraction Based on U-Net Convolutional Neural Network Model

: Remote sensing images are essential for quickly acquiring large-scale ground information. Segmentation and extraction of high-resolution remote sensing images are widely used in many fields, such as agricultural monitoring, urban and rural planning, and map production and updating. In this paper, a U-Net convolutional neural network model is built on the Tensor Flow framework. A data enhancement strategy is specially designed for the training task of remote sensing image parcel segmentation to enhance the model's generalization ability. The experimental results choose accuracy as the evaluation index, and the final model accuracy can reach 0.9440. The remote sensing image parcel segmentation method proposed in this paper has high training efficiency and is suitable for high-accuracy remote sensing image segmentation and extraction.
Modeling, Trim Analysis, and Trajectory Control of a Micro-Quadrotor with Wings

This paper presents the modeling, control design, and efficiency analysis of a micro-quadrotor aerial vehicle with airfoils. We derive the equations of motion for a micro-quadrotor (length 0.15 m and mass 0.03 kg) outfitted with two symmetric airfoils that generate lift during forward transit. A trim analysis is presented to determine nominal flight conditions. Analysis of the model facilitates design of a controller that stabilizes the modified quadrotor through transitions from hover to forward fixed-wing flight. The performance of the design and control approach is analyzed through a series of typical flight profile simulations. The controller is able to track a velocity trajectory in the presence of aerodynamic uncertainties. The simulations are also used to determine the efficiency of the aircraft compared to a standard quadrotor. Results suggest that, during forward flight, the airfoils result in up to a 35% energy savings depending on the aspect ratio and forward speed of the vehicle. Added airfoil weight, however, causes a 45% energy loss during hover. These results indicate that the neutral benefit speed is in the range 3–5 m/s depending on the aspect ratio of the airfoil, which is suggestive of mission flight profiles that best utilize the added benefit of airfoils on a micro-quadrotor.
Optimized signal detection and analysis methods for in vivo photoacoustic flow cytometry

Melanoma is known as a malignant tumor of melanocytes, which usually appear in the blood circulation at the metastasis stage of cancer. Thus the detection of circulating melanoma cells is useful for early diagnosis and therapy of cancer. Here we have developed an in vivo photoacoustic flow cytometry (PAFC) based on the photoacoustic effect to detect melanoma cells. However, the raw signals we obtain from the target cells contain noises such as environmental sonic noises and electronic noises. Therefore we apply correlation comparison and feature separation methods to the detection and verification of the in vivo signals. Due to similar shape and structure of cells, the photoacoustic signals usually have similar vibration mode. By analyzing the correlations and the signal features in time domain and frequency domain, we are able to provide a method for separating photoacoustic signals generated by target cells from background noises. The method introduced here has proved to optimize the signal acquisition and signal processing, which can improve the detection accuracy in PAFC.
Radial velocity accuracy prediction of the GREGOR at night spectrograph based on simulated spectra

The Gregor At Night Spectrograph (GANS) is a new instrument currently being built for the GREGOR solar telescope at Iza~na observatory on Tenerife. Its primary science case will be the follow up of planetary candidates detected by upcoming surveys focussing on bright targets (TESS, PLATO2). Therefore it will be optimised for precise radial velocity determination and long term stability. We have developed a ZEMAX based software package to create simulated spectra, which are reduced using standard IRAF tasks. We used a solar model spectrum to determine the influence of S/N ratio, wavelength coverage, pixel sampling and telluric lines on the extracted radial velocities. Furthermore we derived the effect of an asymmetric spectrograph illumination on the measured radial velocity.
Going beyond deep and surface acting: a bottom-up taxonomy of strategies used in response to emotional display rules

ABSTRACT Research on emotional labour has primarily focused on two emotional labour strategies that employees may use when confronted with organizational display rules: deep acting and surface acting. Initial evidence suggests that these two strategies do not fully cover the range of strategies that employees engage in when responding to display rules in interactions with customers. Yet, a systematic overview of the full range of such strategies is missing. Across two studies, we used a bottom-up approach to develop a taxonomy of strategies used in response to display rules. In Study 1, we conducted interviews in the Netherlands and in Turkey to collect a comprehensive list of employee-generated strategy statements. We found that deep and surface acting only partially accounted for the strategy statements (Netherlands: 47.6%; Turkey: 53.3%). In Study 2, we asked a new sample of participants to sort the strategy statements into categories based on their similarity. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that employees engage in deep and surface acting in response to display rule requirements. However, employees also engage in additional strategies: changing customers’ cognitions or affect, solution-oriented, waiting, and avoidance strategies. These results reveal that employees rely on a wide range of strategies to deal with display rules.
Translational and rotational averaging of nonlocal response tensors for nano-shaped light

Orientational averaging of response tensors is an essential operation in calculating optical signals in randomly oriented liquid or gas phase molecular ensembles. When expanded in multipoles, rotational averaging can be performed simply through contraction with isotropic tensors. Alternatively, the multipolar expansion can be avoided and all multipoles may be naturally and implicitly incorporated via nonlocal response tensors which are fields and may not be rotationally averaged in a simple manner. The nonlocal response is useful when the light beam variation across the system is non negligible. Examples are nano-sculpted or short wavelength x-ray field. We derive exact expressions which recast optical signals as a convolution of a nonlocal response function of matter with a nonlocal intrinsic property of the electromagnetic field. The approach involves a gauge invariant calculation based on the minimal coupling Hamiltonian.
Food Science of Animal Resources

As an initial study to elucidate the molecular mechanism of how probiotics modulate macrophage activity, we monitored mRNA expression patterns in peritoneal macrophages (PMs) treated with two different strains of probiotics. After treatment with either Weissella cibaria WIKIM28 or Latilactobacillus sakei WIKIM50, total RNAs from PMs were isolated and subjected into gene chip analyses. As controls, mRNAs from vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline, PBS)-treated PMs were also subjected to gene chip analysis. Compared to vehicle (PBS)-treated PMs, WIKIM28-treated and WIKIM50treated PMs exhibited a total of 889 and 432 differentially expressed genes with expression differences of at least 4 folds, respectively. Compared to WIKIM28-treated PMs, WIKIM50-treated PMs showed 25 up-regulated genes and 21 down-regulated genes with expression differences of more than 2 folds. Interestingly, mRNA transcripts of M2 macrophage polarization marker such as anxa1, mafb, and sepp1 were increased in WIKIM50-treated PMs comparing to those in WIKIM28-treated PMs. Reversely, mRNA transcripts of M1 macrophage polarization marker such as hdac9, ptgs2, and socs3 were decreased in WIKIM50-treated PMs comparing to those in WIKIM28-treated PMs. In agreement with these observations, mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1α were significantly reduced in WIKIM50-treated macrophages compared to those in WIKIM28-treated macrophages. These results may indicate that probiotics can be classified as two different types depending on their ability to convert macrophages into M1 or M2 polarization.