Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy Efficient Cluster Based Routing Protocol for wireless sensor networks

This paper elucidates an Energy Efficient Cluster Based Routing Protocol (EECBRP) for wireless sensor networks. It accomplishes ameliorate performance by means of network lifetime and energy efficiency. It is used to pile up data from scattered sensor nodes and transmit the same to a base station. EEBCRP is designed to shore up the remote monitoring in sensor networks, periodically. Major issues here are, cluster head (CH) selection, forming cluster scheme and a routing algorithm for the data transmission between cluster heads and the base station. The cluster formation is carried out by exchanging messages between member nodes and the cluster head. The key function of the cluster head is rotated at predefined interval to assure even distribution of energy among the sensor nodes. The routing is based on the flawless hauling range data transmission between base station and cluster heads using multi-hop. Its performance is figured out by comparing with LEACH routing protocol using NS2. It ensures 20% more life time than LEACH protocol.
A Research On Emotion And Personality Characteristics In JuniorIHigh School Students With Internet Addiction Disorders

Objective: To explore the behavioral characteristics in junior Ⅰhigh school students with internet addiction disorders.Methods: All 476 junior Ⅰ high school students were assessed with Internet Interest Inventory,the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders(SCARED),Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children(DSRSC) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ). 54 IAD sufferers were selected as study group to compare with the others.Results: About 11.34%(54/422) junior Ⅰhigh school students were IAD sufferers;They had obvious anxiety and displayed more wrapping unsociability and nervousness as compared with the control group.Conclusion: IAD sufferers present emotion and personality problems.
Automatic mood classification of Indonesian tweets using linguistic approach

Research concerning Twitter mining becomes an interesting research topic recently. It is proven by numerous number of published paper related with this topic. This research is intended to develop a prototype system for classifying Indonesian language tweets. The prototype includes preprocessing step, main information retrieval and classification system. This research proposes a system that uses grammatical rule for retrieving main information from the tweet, and then classifies the information to the suitable mood space. The classification algorithm, which is used, is lexicon based classifier. The proposed classification system has 53.67% accuracy for classifying tweets into 12 mood spaces and 75% accuracy for classifying tweets into 4 mood spaces. As the comparison, the same dataset is also classified using SVM and Naïve Bayes.
Compressed network coding vectors

In networks that employ network coding, two main approaches have been proposed in the literature to allow the receivers to recover the source information: (i) use of coding vectors, that keep track of the linear combinations the received packets contain, and (ii) subspace coding, that dispenses of the need to know the linear combinations, since information is conveyed from the choice of subspaces alone. Both these approaches impose the strong requirement that all source packets get potentially combined. We here present a third approach that relaxes this assumption, and is thus not a special case from either of the previous two. This relaxation allows to employ compressed coding vectors to efficiently convey the coding coefficients, without altering the operation of intermediate network nodes. We develop optimal designs for such vectors.
Population-Based Case–Control Study of White Matter Changes on Brain Imaging in Transient Ischemic Attack and Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— White matter changes (WMC) are a common finding on brain imaging and are associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. They are most frequent in small vessel stroke; however, in the absence of comparisons with normal controls, it is uncertain whether WMC are also more frequent than expected in other stroke subtypes. Therefore, we compared WMC in pathogenic subtypes of ischemic stroke versus controls in a population-based study. Methods— We evaluated the presence and severity of WMC on computed tomography and on magnetic resonance brain imaging using modified Blennow/Fazekas scale and age-related white matter changes scale, respectively, in a population-based study of patients with incident transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke (Oxford Vascular Study) and in a study of local controls (Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing) without history of transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke, with stratification by stroke pathogenesis (Trial of Org10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment classification). Results— Among 1601 consecutive eligible patients with first-ever ischemic events, 1453 patients had computed tomography brain imaging, 562 had magnetic resonance imaging, and 414 patients had both. Compared with 313 controls (all with computed tomography and 131 with magnetic resonance imaging) and after adjustment for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, moderate/severe WMC (age-related white matter changes scale) were more frequent in patients with small vessel events (odds ratio, 3.51 [95% confidence interval, 2.13–5.76]; P<0.0001) but not in large artery (odds ratio, 1.03 [95% confidence interval, 0.64–1.67]), cardioembolic (odds ratio, 0.87 [95% confidence interval, 0.56–1.34]), or undetermined (odds ratio, 0.90 [95% confidence interval, 0.62–1.30]) subtypes. Results were consistent for ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack, for other scales, and for magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography separately. Conclusions— In contrast to small vessel ischemic events, WMC were not independently associated with other pathogenic subtypes, suggesting that WMC are unlikely to be an independent risk factor for nonsmall vessel events.
A Protein Phosphorylation Threshold for Functional Stacking of Plant Photosynthetic Membranes

Phosphorylation of photosystem II (PSII) proteins affects macroscopic structure of thylakoid photosynthetic membranes in chloroplasts of the model plant Arabidopsis. In this study, light-scattering spectroscopy revealed that stacking of thylakoids isolated from wild type Arabidopsis and the mutant lacking STN7 protein kinase was highly influenced by cation (Mg++) concentrations. The stacking of thylakoids from the stn8 and stn7stn8 mutants, deficient in STN8 kinase and consequently in light-dependent phosphorylation of PSII, was increased even in the absence of Mg++. Additional PSII protein phosphorylation in wild type plants exposed to high light enhanced Mg++-dependence of thylakoid stacking. Protein phosphorylation in the plant leaves was analyzed during day, night and prolonged darkness using three independent techniques: immunoblotting with anti-phosphothreonine antibodies; Diamond ProQ phosphoprotein staining; and quantitative mass spectrometry of peptides released from the thylakoid membranes by trypsin. All assays revealed dark/night-induced increase in phosphorylation of the 43 kDa chlorophyll-binding protein CP43, which compensated for decrease in phosphorylation of the other PSII proteins in wild type and stn7, but not in the stn8 and stn7stn8 mutants. Quantitative mass spectrometry determined that every PSII in wild type and stn7 contained on average 2.5±0.1 or 1.4±0.1 phosphoryl groups during day or night, correspondingly, while less than every second PSII had a phosphoryl group in stn8 and stn7stn8. It is postulated that functional cation-dependent stacking of plant thylakoid membranes requires at least one phosphoryl group per PSII, and increased phosphorylation of PSII in plants exposed to high light enhances stacking dynamics of the photosynthetic membranes.
Firm-level determinants of wages and productivity : Management practices

Productivity the efficiency with which firms transform inputs into outputs is an essential concept in nearly every sub-field of economics. My goal in this lecture is to highlight some recent applied microeconomics research in this area. Most of this literature has focused on private firms, but you should think of “firms” broadly – including e.g. schools and hospitals. A broad “fact” that has motivated a great deal of productivity-related research is that there exist large and persistent differences in measured productivity levels across firms. Syverson (2011) provides an excellent recent overview; this is a fact at the heart of organizational economics, so if you are interested I would encourage you to think about sitting in on some of Bob’s classes.
Extracting boundaries of ultrasonic breast tumor images based on a coarse-to-fine active contour model

Segmentation of ultrasonic breast tumor images is a challenging topic in the clinical practice. A novel coarse-to-fine active contour (CFAC) model is proposed to extract boundaries of breast tumors based on a level-set framework. To apply the CFAC model, a Gaussian pyramid is firstly constructed to represent images at different resolution levels. Then, on the top pyramid level a region-based segmentation algorithm incorporating with the certain edge information is used to get a coarse boundary. Finally, the coarse boundary is gradually refined on other higher-level images according to the more detailed gradient information. Experiments are performed on both synthetic and real ultrasonic breast tumor images. The qualitative and quantitative results verified the efficiency of the CFAC model for the image segmentation task.
Biotransformation and Oxidative Stress Responses in Captive Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) Exposed to Organic Contaminants from the Natural Environment in South Africa

In the present study, the biotransformation and oxidative stress responses in relation to chemical burden in the liver of male and female Nile crocodiles—Crocodylus niloticus—from a commercial crocodile farm passively exposed to various anthropogenic aquatic pollutants was investigated. In general, the data showed that male crocodiles consistently produced higher biotransformation and oxidative stress responses compared to females. Relationships between these responses and concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were also observed. Specifically, the catalytic assays for EROD and BROD (not PROD and MROD) showed sex-differences between male and female crocodiles and paralleled immunochemically determined CYP1A and CYP3A protein levels; the relatively similar levels of PAHs in both sexes suggest an estrogen-mediated reduction of this pathway in females. The antioxidant system exhibited higher levels in male crocodiles with slight or significant higher values for catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidases-H2O2 (GPx-H2O2), glutathione peroxidases-Cu (GPx-Cu), total antioxidant capacity towards peroxyl radicals (TOSC-ROO) and hydroxyl radicals (TOSC-HO), total glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). On the other hand, the activities of acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) were significantly higher in females. Principal component analysis (PCA) produced significant groupings that revealed correlative relationships (both positive and negative) between biotransformation/oxidative stress variables and liver PAHs and aliphatic hydrocarbon burden. The overall results suggest that these captive pre-slaughter crocodiles exhibited adverse exposure responses to anthropogenic aquatic contaminants with potentially relevant effects on key cellular pathways, and these responses may be established as relevant species biomarkers of exposure and effects in this endangered species.
A chlorophyll-protein complex lacking in photosystem I mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of unheated, detergent-solubilized thylakoid membranes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii gives two chlorophyll-protein complexes. Chlorophyll-protein complex I (CP I) is the blue-green in color and can be dissociated by heat into "free" chlorophyll and a constituent polypeptide (polypeptide 2; mol wt 66,000). Similar experiments with spinach and Chinese cabbage show that the higher plant CP I contains an equivalent polypeptide but of slightly lower molecular weight (64,000). Both polypeptide 2 and its counterpart in spinach are soluble in a 2:1 (vol/vol) mixture of chloroform-methanol. Chemical analysis reveals that C. reinhardtii CP I has a chlorophyll a to b weight ratio of about 5 and that it contains approximately 5% of the total chlorophyll and 8-9% of the total protein of the thylakoid membranes. Thus, it can be calculated that each constituent polypeptide chain is associated with eight to nine chlorophyll molecules. Attempts to measure the molecular weight of CP I by calibrated SDS gels were unsuccessul since the complex migrates anomalously in such gels. Two Mendelian mutants of C. reinhardtii, F1 and F14, which lack P700 but have normal photosystem I activity, do not contain CP I or the 66,000-dalton polypeptide in their thylakoid membranes. Our results suggest that CP I is essential for photosystem I reaction center activity and that P700 may be associated with the 66,000-dalton polypeptide.
TbISWI Regulates Multiple Polymerase I (Pol I)-Transcribed Loci and Is Present at Pol II Transcription Boundaries in Trypanosoma brucei

ABSTRACT The unicellular eukaryote Trypanosoma brucei is unusual in having very little transcriptional control. The bulk of the T. brucei genome is constitutively transcribed by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) as extensive polycistronic transcription units. Exceptions to this rule include several RNA Pol I transcription units such as the VSG expression sites (ESs), which are mono-allelically expressed. TbISWI, a member of the SWI2/SNF2 related chromatin remodeling ATPases, plays a role in repression of Pol I-transcribed ESs in both bloodstream- and procyclic-form T. brucei. We show that TbISWI binds both active and silent ESs but is depleted from the ES promoters themselves. TbISWI knockdown results in an increase in VSG transcripts from the silent VSG ESs. In addition to its role in the repression of the silent ESs, TbISWI also contributes to the downregulation of the Pol I-transcribed procyclin loci, as well as nontranscribed VSG basic copy arrays and minichromosomes. We also show that TbISWI is enriched at a number of strand switch regions which form the boundaries between Pol II transcription units. These strand switch regions are the presumed sites of Pol II transcription initiation and termination and are enriched in modified histones and histone variants. Our results indicate that TbISWI is a versatile chromatin remodeler that regulates transcription at multiple Pol I loci and is particularly abundant at many Pol II transcription boundaries in T. brucei.
An Online Integrated Resource Allocator for Guaranteed Performance in Data Centers

As bandwidth is shared in a best-effort way in today's data centers, traffic generated between a set of VMs (virtual machines) affect the traffic between another set of VMs (possibly belonging to another tenant) sharing the same physical links, leading to unpredictable performance of applications running on these VMs. This article addresses the problem of allocation of not only server resources (computational and storage) but also network bandwidth, to provide performance guarantees in multi-tenant data centers. Bandwidth being a critical shared-resource, we formulate the problem as an optimization problem that minimizes bandwidth demand between clusters of VMs of a tenant; and we prove it as NP-hard. We develop fast online heuristics as an integrated resource allocator (IRA) that decides on the admission of dynamically arriving requests, and allocates resources for the accepted ones. We also present a modified version of IRA, called B-IRA that bounds the cost of bandwidth allocation, while exploring smaller search space for solution. We demonstrate that, IRA accommodates significantly higher number of requests in comparison to a load-balancing resource allocator (LBRA) that does not consider reducing bandwidth between clusters of VMs. IRA also outperforms B-IRA when traffic demands of VMs in an input are not localized.
Emotional Navigation in nonlinear narratives: a case study on the influence of color

Color is a powerful visual stimulus to be considered in the design of a visual narrative experience, because it is closely related to emotions and can guide users in nonlinear narrative subjectively. So, this paper discusses and presents a study on the evaluation of user experience in a non-linear audiovisual narrative, which includes techniques such as structured observation, cardsorting, questionnaires and eyetracking. The results show that the color helps the user in navigating in nonlinear narrative structures.
Modeling Language Vagueness in Privacy Policies using Deep Neural Networks

Website privacy policies are too long to read and difficult to understand. The over-sophisticated language makes privacy notices to be less effective than they should be. People become even less willing to share their personal information when they perceive the privacy policy as vague. This paper focuses on decoding vagueness from a natural language processing perspective. While thoroughly identifying the vague terms and their linguistic scope remains an elusive challenge, in this work we seek to learn vector representations of words in privacy policies using deep neural networks. The vector representations are fed to an interactive visualization tool (LSTMVis) to test on their ability to discover syntactically and semantically related vague terms. The approach holds promise for modeling and understanding language vagueness.
3 Adversarial bandits with expert advice

We study adversarial bandits: bandits with adversarially chosen costs. On the scale from “optimistic” to “pessimistic”, IID assumption is super-optimistic, and adversarial is super-pessimistic. We focus on deterministic, oblivious adversary: that is, the costs for all arms and all rounds are chosen in advance. We will proceed via a reduction to the full-feedback problem studied in the previous lecture. Further, we will actually solve adversarial bandits in a more general version that explicitly includes expert advice.
Multiresolution image inpainting

Image inpainting is the process of reconstructing the missing or damaged contents inside an image in a perceptually plausible way. Although over ten years of research has made the inpainting results suitable for starting to enter real applications, the state-of-the-art methods still suffer from heavy computational complexity and artifacts such as blurring and false edges, especially in large inpainting areas. In this paper we propose a multiresolution approach to image inpainting. In this framework, the image pyramid is first established. Then inpainting is carried out for a chosen low resolution image in the pyramid. Afterwords the information in this repaired low resolution image is propagated through each higher resolution image until the original highest resolution image is inpainted. Compared to the current methods used, the proposed approach holds advantages such as the ease of filling large areas with better results, faster speed, and better conformation with human vision process. Experimental results show that the proposed multiresolution inpainting framework can produce perceptually better results and runs over three times faster than state-of-the-art methods.
Probabilistic Credit Card Fraud Detection System in Online Transactions

This paper discussed the past works on fraud detection system and highlights their deficiencies. A probabilistic based model was proposed to serve as a basis for mathematical derivation for adaptive threshold algorithm for detecting anomaly transactions. The model was optimized with Baum-Welsh and hybrid posterior-Viterbi algorithms. A credit card transactional data was simulated, trained and predicted for fraud. And finally, the proposed model was evaluated with different metric. The results showed that with the optimization of parameters, posterior-Viterbi cum new detection model performed better than Viterbi cum old detection model.
The Spectrum of Central Nervous System Infections in an Adult Referral Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam

Objectives To determine prospectively the causative pathogens of central nervous system (CNS) infections in patients admitted to a tertiary referral hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. Methods From May 2007 to December 2008, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 352 adults with suspected meningitis or encephalitis underwent routine testing, staining (Gram, Ziehl-Nielsen, India ink), bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction targeting Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. suis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Varicella Zoster virus (VZV), enterovirus, and 16S ribosomal RNA. Blood cultures and clinically indicated radiology were also performed. Patients were classified as having confirmed or suspected bacterial (BM), tuberculous (TBM), cryptococcal (CRM), eosinophilic (EOM) meningitis, aseptic encephalitis/meningitis (AEM), neurocysticercosis and others. Results 352 (male: 66%) patients were recruited: median age 34 years (range 13–85). 95/352 (27.3%) diagnoses were laboratory confirmed and one by cranial radiology: BM (n = 62), TBM (n = 9), AEM (n = 19), CRM (n = 5), and neurocysticercosis (n = 1, cranial radiology). S. suis predominated as the cause of BM [48/62 (77.4%)]; Listeria monocytogenese (n = 1), S. pasteurianus (n = 1) and N. meningitidis (n = 2) were infrequent. AEM viruses were: HSV (n = 12), VZV (n = 5) and enterovirus (n = 2). 5 patients had EOM. Of 262/352 (74.4%) patients with full clinical data, 209 (79.8%) were hospital referrals and 186 (71%) had been on antimicrobials. 21 (8%) patients died: TBM (15.2%), AEM (10%), and BM (2.8%). Conclusions Most infections lacked microbiological confirmation. S. suis was the most common cause of BM in this setting. Improved diagnostics are needed for meningoencephalitic syndromes to inform treatment and prevention strategies.
Cerebral White Matter Lesions and Affective Episodes Correlate in Male Individuals with Bipolar Disorder

Background Cerebral white matter lesions (WML) have been found in normal aging, vascular disease and several neuropsychiatric conditions. Correlations of WML with clinical parameters in BD have been described, but not with the number of affective episodes, illness duration, age of onset and Body Mass Index in a well characterized group of euthymic bipolar adults. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the associations between bipolar course of illness parameters and WML measured with volumetric analysis. Methods In a cross-sectional study 100 euthymic individuals with BD as well as 54 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled to undergo brain magnetic resonance imaging using 3T including a FLAIR sequence for volumetric assessment of WML-load using FSL-software. Additionally, clinical characteristics and psychometric measures including Structured Clinical Interview according to DSM-IV, Hamilton-Depression, Young Mania Rating Scale and Beck’s Depression Inventory were evaluated. Results Individuals with BD had significantly more (F = 3.968, p < .05) WML (Mdn = 3710mm3; IQR = 2961mm3) than HC (Mdn = 2185mm3; IQR = 1665mm3). BD men (Mdn = 4095mm3; IQR = 3295mm3) and BD women (Mdn = 3032mm3; IQR = 2816mm3) did not significantly differ as to the WML-load or the number and type of risk factors for WML. However, in men only, the number of manic/hypomanic episodes (r = 0.72; p < .001) as well as depressive episodes (r = 0.51; p < .001) correlated positively with WML-load. Conclusions WML-load strongly correlated with the number of manic episodes in male BD patients, suggesting that men might be more vulnerable to mania in the context of cerebral white matter changes.