Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A glossy mutant in onion (Allium cepa L.) shows decreased expression of wax biosynthesis genes

Cuticular wax is a characteristic feature of land plants that provides protection against both biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, a glossy mutant lacking an epicuticular wax layer was identified in the γ-irradiated M2 mutant population of the onion cultivar Bhima Super. The inheritance of the mutant’s glossy phenotype was determined to be recessive and single locus. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed poor accumulation of wax crystals in the glossy mutant, concentrated near the stomata. The plant height, number of leaves per plant, and stomatal parameters of the mutant were similar to the wild-type. RNA-seq was used to comprehend the expression variations of waxy cuticle-related genes in the glossy mutant and its wild-type waxy cultivars. Differential gene expression analysis of the RNA-seq data revealed that the genes involved in wax biosynthesis, such as AcCER1, AcCER26, AcMAH1, and AcWSD1, were downregulated by 2.72, 1.74, 2.59 and 2.12-fold, respectively, in the glossy mutant respectively. The expression patterns of these four unigenes were validated using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The glossy mutant displayed a substantial 3.5-fold reduction in cuticular wax load compared to the wild-type due to the significant downregulation of these wax biosynthesis genes. These findings represent early advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms of wax biosynthesis in onions. Furthermore, they provide a foundation for utilizing the glossy mutant trait in breeding programmes to enhance stress and pest resilience.
Twin-boundary and precipitate interaction in Mg–Al alloy: an MD study

Strengthening of Mg-alloys by precipitation is much less efficient than in other metallic alloys (e.g. Al) as the Mg17Al12 precipitates grow as thin plate or lozenge shaped or long rod shape parallel to the basal plane. Recently atomistic simulations reveal that the dislocation-precipitate interaction is very week to claim for the precipitation hardening mechanism. However, the interaction of twin-boundary with the Mg17Al12 precipitate remains unexplored using atomistic simulation. In the present study we focus on the twin-boundary/precipitate interaction at different temperatures, precipitate sizes and varied applied loads, carried out using classical molecular dynamics methodology. In particular, the activation energies necessary to overcome various precipitates are determined as a function of the temperature, precipitate size and applied load. The velocity profile of the twin is calibrated with these different external conditions. An attractive nature of interaction has been observed while the twin-boundary comes closer to the precipitate and a network of dislocations are observed when the twin-boundary bypass the precipitate, as manifested through our atomistic microstructures. These results provide valuable information about the precipitate hardening mechanisms and suggested new avenues to improve the mechanical properties of Mg–Al alloys.
Development of a Financing Optimization Framework Based on Risk Simulation in BOT Projects: A Case Study of the Waste-to-Energy Project

Infrastructure projects that are mostly characterized by high uncertainty usually face various risks at all stages as timing risks, cost risks, and disruption in the executive processes (by the reason of unpredictable obstacles in financing risks, technology production, and so on). Owing to the complex nature of infrastructure projects, the build-operate-transfer (BOT) contract is usually concluded between the private and public sectors. Considering that the public sector transfers all or part of its financial risk to the private sector (contractors), in this type of contract, the distribution of risks is different from that of traditional contracts. Besides, project implementation methods and the lack of risk management might lead to the failure of the project. As the implementation of such projects, along with the risks of the projects that require a large amount of investment, it would be necessary to develop a proper financing schedule with consideration of the effect of repayment of various loans in the project to ensure the feasibility of the project. So, in this project, considering the effects of risks in a waste-to-energy infrastructure project, an optimal project financing framework is developed. In the current research, using Monte Carlo simulation, the impact of risks on the project is investigated during the construction period and the operation period. The results have shown that consideration of the impact of the risks on projects might have a significant effect on the increase of time and cost; nevertheless, the cost of optimal financing might reduce the project profit by 23%. The results indicate that choosing the appropriate financing solution guarantees the project’s final profit. Besides, it can help project managers to make the best financing decisions based on realistic situations.
A Four-Phase Time-Based Switched-Capacitor LDO With 13-ns Settling Time at 0.5-V Input for Energy-Efficient Computing in SoC Applications

This article presents a four-phase time-based switched-capacitor low-dropout (SCLDO) regulator that regulates an output load voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\text {OUT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 0.35–0.95 V with an input voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\text {IN}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 0.45–1 V. The regulator employs a four-phase time quantizer, which enables high proportional gain control and short transient response time with relatively low quiescent current. In addition, the proposed SCLDO employs a 9.6-pF coupling capacitor (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{\text {C}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) that is connected to the gate voltage of the pass transistor and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\text {OUT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> node, thereby reducing the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\text {OUT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> voltage drop during the load transition. Because the SCLDO utilizes capacitor components when charging and discharging <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{\text {C}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, it provides robustness to process and temperature variations even at low-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\text {IN}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> conditions. Therefore, the proposed time-based SCLDO achieved a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\text {OUT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> settling time of 4.4 ns at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\text {IN}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> = 1 V and 13 ns at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\text {IN}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> = 0.5 V condition. Fabricated in a 28-nm CMOS process, the proposed time-based SCLDO achieves a maximum <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{\text {OUT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 400 mA and a figure of merit (FoM) of 3.0 fs, with an active area of 0.021 mm2.
Water relations in mango (Mangifera indica L.) trees

vi TABLE OF CONTENTS vii GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 4 1.1 Water relations in plants 4 1.2 Technologies to measure plant water status 9 1.3 Use of water potential and stomatal conductance to indicate water status and to detect water deficits in tree crops 13 2 CHARACTERISING WATER RELATIONS OF WELL-IRRIGATED MANGO TREES UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS 21
Characteristic Photoprotective Molecules from the Sphagnum World: A Solution-Phase Ultrafast Study of Sphagnic Acid

A natural UV-absorbing chromophore extracted from sphagnum mosses, sphagnic acid, is proposed as a new natural support to chemical UV filters for use in cosmetic applications. Sphagnic acid is structurally related to the cinnamate family of molecules, known for their strong UV absorption, efficient non-radiative decay, and antioxidant properties. In this study, transient electronic absorption spectroscopy is used, in conjunction with steady-state techniques, to model the photodynamics following photoexcitation of sphagnic acid in different solvent systems. Sphagnic acid was found in each system to relax with lifetimes of ~200 fs and ~1.5 ps before generating a cis-isomer photoproduct. This study helps to elucidate the photoprotective mechanism of a new potential natural support to sunscreens, from a unique plant source.
The Space Between: The Geography of Social Networks in the Tiber Valley

In displaying archaeological information as points on a map, we lose elements of the social and economic geography of the region we are studying. This paper suggests a methodology for exploring the space between our ‘dots-on-the-map’, based on the rapidly developing ‘science of networks’. It takes as a case study the distribution of sites using stamped brick in the Tiber Valley. It suggests that contradictions between local and global understandings of spatial relationships were exploitable economic opportunities. Visualizzando i dati archeologici come punti su una mappa, perdiamo elementi della geografia socio-economica dell’area che stiamo studiando. Questo contributo suggerisce una metodologia per esplorare lo spazio compreso tra i “puntini”, basata sui costanti sviluppi della “scienza delle relazioni”. Come esempio, si è scelto la distribuzione dei bolli laterizi nella valle del Tevere. Tale esempio suggerisce che le contraddizioni tra le percezioni locali e globali delle relazioni spaziali potevano essere sfruttate a livello economico.
Street Reclaiming: Creating Livable Streets and Vibrant Communities

Imagine your street with fifty percent less traffic. Imagine drivers acting as guests on your street -- now transformed into a dynamic 'outdoor living room' with children playing and neighbours chatting. Dream no longer! Part social history and part community-activist handbook, Street Reclaiming celebrates the potential of our streets to become vibrant and prosperous centres of culture and community once again. International urban planner David Engwicht provides a step-by-step process to psychologically and physically reclaim our streets, starting with a simple 6-week program to reduce traffic by 30-50 per cent (without involving local officials), then introducing psychological reclaiming techniques and, finally, physical reclaiming: converting traffic space into community spaces that will enhance the social fabric of the neighbourhood.
Extended Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Early Breast Cancer Patients—Review and Perspectives

Simple Summary Five years of therapy remains the standard for adjuvant endocrine therapy in early breast cancer. However, the recurrence risk remains elevated beyond this time period. Estimating the risk of recurrence as well as the efficacy of therapy is important in the selection of patients who will benefit from the extension of adjuvant endocrine therapy. The aim of this review is to summarize the major studies investigating the optimal duration of adjuvant endocrine therapy as well as to elaborate the possible individual indications for the extension of this therapy. Abstract Seventy percent of all breast cancer subtypes are hormone receptor-positive. Adjuvant endocrine therapy in these patients plays a key role. Despite the traditional duration of a 5-year intake, the risk of relapse remains elevated in a substantial proportion of patients. Several trials report that the risk of late recurrence is reduced by the extension of adjuvant endocrine therapy beyond 5 years. However, the optimal duration of endocrine therapy is still a matter of debate. The newer data only show a marginal benefit resulting from extension beyond 7 to 10 years. Furthermore, extension may be associated with more side effects. Thus, the adequate selection of patients qualifying for an extended adjuvant therapy is of importance. Tools/genomic tests, which include the characteristics of the patient and the tumor, may help to better identify patients with a risk of a late relapse. Taken together, the magnitude of benefit for extended adjuvant endocrine therapy is based on the precise estimation of the risk of relapse after 5 years. This must be balanced against the long-term side effects of endocrine treatment and the competing risks. For patients with an intermediate risk, 7 years appears to be the optimal duration, and in those with high-risk features, endocrine therapy up to 10 years may be considered.
First-principles study of metals, metalloids and halogens doped monolayer MoSe2 to tune its electronic properties

Owing to their small band-gap characteristics, two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have garnered a lot of attention. Herein, we studied the electronic as well as structural properties of doped monolayered MoSe2 with different dopants at the selenium (Se) site employing the density functional theory (DFT) using generalized gradient approximation (GGA). To ascertain bonding nature electron localization function (ELF) was used and Phonon spectra computations were done for dynamical stability tests. We systematically explored the electronic properties of monolayer MoSe2 doped with X-atoms (X comprises of metals Li, Be, Al; metalloids B, Si; non-metals (NMs) C, N, P, O and the NM atoms belonging to halogen group (F, Cl). We compared our outcomes with available experimental and other calculated results in the literature. The appearance of impurity lines in the energy gap causes to diminish the band gaps of doped MoSe2. The change in doping site and dopant element results in a significant reduction in the bandgap of doped MoSe2. To gain more insight into the electronic properties of X-doped MoSe2 monolayer, the partial density of states (PDOS) of the dopants and neighbour Mo atoms are attached to the band structures. Our results give pleasing data regarding the optimization of bandgap which shows that halogen dopant provided n-type doping while the rest of the elements provided p-type doping in MoSe2, which helps to understand the electrical conductivity in addition to their utilization in semiconductor and other optoelectronic devices. We are optimistic that the findings in this work will help experimentalists to carry out their research on a real-world application, which will also widen the investigation of transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in other sectors.
Main directions of landscape changes in Poland in the years 1995-2009

Based on analysis of relative changes in the share of forest, arable land, grassland and including population changes in the years 1995-2009, this paper presents typological classification of municipalities based on key processes shaping the spatial structure of landscape. Six key municipality types have been defined. Municipalities representing each type are not equally distributed around the country, but grouped in clusters of regional nature. The analysis indicates significant differences between eastern and western regions of Poland, where differences in dominant processes and frequency of each type of municipality may only partially reduce the differences in the spatial structure of landscape in both parts of the country. Further, the paper discusses ecological and landscape related effects of changes observed in the years 1995-2009 with special focus on impact on the biodiversity on various levels of biosphere.
‘I don’t think that it’s play. Because we have to play’. Norwegian six-year-old children’s understandings of play when they start in primary school

ABSTRACT This article aims to explore how Norwegian six-year-old children talk about and show their understandings of play when they have just started primary school. The research design is a focused ethnographic fieldwork, reporting on participant observations and group interviews with children in the first year of primary school, and interpreted through a thematic analysis. The analysis indicates that the children consider play as important to the transition process and their everyday school life. They express and show their understandings of play in various ways, thematized as freedom of choice, resistance, and community. The article suggests that children’s joint play can be understood as an underlife in school and introduces the term playful (re)production as a theoretical approach for exploring children’s understandings of play. The study raises awareness of the role play has for children’s well-being, agency, and relationships with peers in the transition process and in general activities in school.
Multifunctional, flexible, and mechanically robust polyimide-MXene nanocomposites: a review

Multifunctional flexible polymer composites have proliferated in different industries. MXenes, as the rising star of 2D materials, offer unique combinations of properties including metallic conductivity, hydrophilicity, high specific capacitance, and solution processability, as well as mechanical flexibility and robustness that accentuate them for the fabrication of multifunctional composites. 2D flake structure and abundant surface terminations of MXene facilitate its integration into polymer matrices to develop high-performance composites. Polyimides (PIs) are high-temperature engineering polymers that have rendered their way into aerospace and electronics industries due to their outstanding mechanical strength, high chemical resistance, high thermal stability, excellent electrical and thermal insulation properties. Amalgamating the outstanding characteristics of these two materials, this paper is the first review to summarize advancements in PI/MXene nanocomposites to address the methods of preparation and the effect of MXene loading on the target application e.g. energy conversion and storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, sensing, and fire-retardancy. The review commences with a critical discussion on PI/MXene nanocomposite fabrication methods. Next, a comprehensive review of the properties and applications of PI/MXene nanocomposites is provided. Lastly, based on the current developments of PI/MXene nanocomposites, this paper is concluded with the prominent characteristics of PI/MXene composites regarding the target application and identifying the gaps and challenges to develop multifunctional composites.
A Fresh Look At Champernowne’s Five-Parameter Formula

This article re-examines Champernowne’s five-parameter formula and demonstrates its usefulness as a model of income distribution. Procedures for fitting the distribution and obtaining summary measures from the estimated density function are illustrated along with a comparison of the summary measures estimated using standard statistical methods. A comparison is also made with the Dagum model of income distribution
Analysis Of Mudharabah Financing On Customer Business Improvement In 2022 Period

In the digital era, sharia banking is growing rapidly and has become a reference for the community in managing funds for various aspects of community needs. In this case, the public must understand the various products of BSI (Bank Syariah Indonesia), one of which is applying a mudharabah contract on savings or other products. In this article, the author wants to discuss the analysis of mudharabah financing on increasing customer businesses. Then the research method used is descriptive qualitative, namely by observing and interviewing one of the employees of the Indonesian Islamic Bank (BSI). and fund owners. In this case, the owner of the fund does not place any restrictions on the customer, in order to run the type of business that will be managed, the period of time, and the area of ? the business does not violate sharia principles and fulfills all aspects and provisions of the bank
Expression and function analyses of sexlethal gene in Phytoseiulus persimilis

Abstract Phytoseiulus persimilis is a specialist predator of spider mites, with promising control effects. Its population generally has a stable sex ratio. Under appropriate conditions, the proportion of female offspring can reach 80%. But the mechanisms of sex determination in P. persimilis is still unclear. Sex-lethal (sxl) is an important gene in studying sex regulation mechanisms in insects. In the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, it has been proved to be a switch controlling sex determination. Herein, we screened one sex-lethal gene ortholog in the genome of P. persimilis (Ppsxl). We separated male and female offspring successfully based on the order of the egg laid, and found Ppsxl is expressed in both sexes at different stages. The expression peak was found in females 10 h after mating, and it was also highly expressed in eggs that developed into males. RNA interference was used to study the function of Ppsxl. When Ppsxl was interfered, all female individuals remained fertile. However, their cumulative fecundity decreased by 18.0%, daily fecundity decreased by 13.4%, and the proportion of female offspring decreased by 22.7%. This study showed that Ppsxl gene has a certain influence on the reproduction of P. persimilis, but its influence on sex determination may not be as critical as that in D. melanogaster. The regulation of sxl on P. persimilis was different from that in D. melanogaster.
Biomass-Derived Carbon Aerogels for ORR/OER Bifunctional Oxygen Electrodes

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are crucial electrochemical reactions that play vital roles in energy conversion and storage technologies, such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Typically, noble-metal-based catalysts are required to enhance the sluggish kinetics of the ORR and OER, but their high costs restrict their practical commercial applications. Thus, highly active and strong non-noble metal catalysts are essential to address the cost and durability challenge. Based on previous research, carbon-based catalysts may present the best alternatives to these precious metals in the future owing to their affordability, very large surface areas, and superior mechanical and electrical qualities. In particular, carbon aerogels prepared using biomass as the precursors are referred to as biomass-derived carbon aerogels. They have sparked broad attention and demonstrated remarkable performance in the energy conversion and storage sectors as they are ecologically beneficial, affordable, and have an abundance of precursors. Therefore, this review focuses on various nanostructured materials based on biomass-derived carbon aerogels as ORR/OER catalysts, including metal atoms, metal compounds, and alloys.
The Effect of Information Exchange Activities on Literacy in Online Health Community: The Evidence from PatientsLikeMe

Online health communities (OHC) consist of individuals with shared health-related interests who exchange health-related information among themselves and for the benefit of others. Unfortunately, a notable issue within these communities is the dissemination of a substantial volume of inaccurate health information by various online health groups. Nevertheless, a dearth of research examining the impact of information-seeking activities within OHCs exists. This study aimed to examine the influence of direct and indirect health information-seeking behaviors, specifically among users diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes who have reported complications in OHC, also called claims. Employing association rule mining (ARM) techniques, user data from PatientsLikeMe were extracted to capture information on users’ reported complications subsequent to being diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes (N = 6371). Subsequently, we utilized zero-inflated negative binomial regression (ZINB) to evaluate the effect of direct and indirect information search activities on false notes, including their interaction of them. The outcomes of this investigation have the potential to offer patients valuable insights regarding the reliability and trustworthiness of information derived from OHCs.