Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The rate equation based optical model for phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes

An optical model based on the rate equation was developed to calculate the emission spectrum of a phosphor-converted white light-emitting diode (pc-WLED) taking into consideration the phosphor weight percentage, film thickness, and optical properties of phosphor, viz. absorption spectrum, quantum efficiency spectrum and fluorescent emission spectrum. Films containing a mixture of phosphor and silicone elastomer encapsulant were investigated using this model. A linear relationship was found between the peak absorption coefficient and the phosphor weight percentage with slopes of 66.76 ± 0.52 mm−1 and 29.66 ± 2.05 mm−1 for a red phosphor CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ and a yellow phosphor Y3Al5O12:Ce3+, respectively. With these parameters, the model predicted emission spectra which are in good agreement with measurement, thus verifying the validity of the model. The model correctly predicts redshift and spectral width reduction of the emission peak for increasing phosphor weight percentage or film thickness, as expected from the phenomenon of photon reabsorption by the phosphors. This model does not require the use of Monte Carlo simulation and Mie theory.
Two-Dimensional One-Body 3 × 3-Way Hollow-Waveguide Nolen Matrix Using a Two-Plane Unequal Division Coupler

This article proposes a 2-D one-body <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3\times3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-way hollow-waveguide Nolen matrix employing an innovative two-plane coupler with unequal output division working from 27.65 to 28.85 GHz, corresponding to a 4.1% fractional bandwidth. This is the first time a 2-D one-body beam-switching matrix is demonstrated having a number of beams other than <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2^{n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The diagram and working principle of the entire 2-D <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3\times3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-way Nolen matrix, combining three types of couplers and various phase shifters, are reported. Specifically, a rigorous theoretical analysis is provided to explain the working mechanism of the novel two-plane unequal division coupler. The reflection and port-to-port isolation coefficients of this 2-D <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3\times3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-way Nolen matrix, as well as the realized gain, are verified by measurements with the output ports radiating directly into free space. The maximum insertion loss and power imbalance of this 2-D <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3\times3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-way Nolen matrix are 0.86 and 2.5 dB, respectively, across the operating bandwidth. The maximum realized gain is obtained for the boresight beam, with 15.5 dBi in measurement compared to 15.7 dBi in simulation. The minimum realized gain in measurement is 12.0 dBi corresponding to Beam 6, which is a 2-D tilted beam at an angle of 42° with reference to boresight, with a scan loss of 3.5 dB, while the simulated minimum realized gain is 12.7 dBi, obtained for Beam 9 at an angle of 36° with reference to boresight, with 3-dB scan loss.
Collaborative Edge Intelligence Service Provision in Blockchain Empowered Urban Rail Transit Systems

With the advancement of urban rail transits (URTs), the demand for artificial intelligence (AI)-based URTs services grows exponentially. Edge intelligence (EI) leverages computing resources on the network edge to provide real-time intelligent services in close proximity. As it enables fast distributed learning, EI is envisioned to be a potential component of URTs, and ideal EI service provision is a critical concern for the intelligent development of URTs. The existing EI-related research concentrates on the computation offloading of general AI-based tasks, whereas both the edge server deployment and AI model training process are not explicitly designed for URTs. The URTs AI service characteristics, such as model training demand, priority, and security, are largely ignored. In this article, we propose a novel collaborative EI service provision framework for URTs. Blockchain is used along with the EI server to construct a trusted computing infrastructure. To address the EI service credit crisis, a blockchain-based trust management mechanism, including short-term reward incentives and long-term reputation evaluation, is designed in the trusted computing infrastructure. An HRL-based collaborative training service optimization model is proposed to improve the learning efficiency and edge resource utilization rate in URTs. Specifically, the proposed two-stage collaborative optimization model jointly considers high-level service scheduling and low-level task offloading. In addition, we present an intelligent train control model based on the state-of-the-art decision transformer (DT), with the training service as a case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed collaborative EI service provision. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed EI service provision framework can provide trusted, efficient, and high-quality AI training services, simultaneously improving URTs operational efficiency.
How we compute N matters to estimates of mixing in stratified flows

Most commonly used models for turbulent mixing in the ocean rely on a background stratification against which turbulence must work to stir the fluid. While this background stratification is typically well defined in idealized numerical models, it is more difficult to capture in observations. Here, a potential discrepancy in ocean mixing estimates due to the chosen calculation of the background stratification is explored using direct numerical simulation data of breaking internal waves on slopes. Two different methods for computing the buoyancy frequency $N$ , one based on a three-dimensionally sorted density field (often used in numerical models) and the other based on locally sorted vertical density profiles (often used in the field), are used to quantify the effect of $N$ on turbulence quantities. It is shown that how $N$ is calculated changes not only the flux Richardson number $R_{f}$ , which is often used to parameterize turbulent mixing, but also the turbulence activity number or the Gibson number $Gi$ , leading to potential errors in estimates of the mixing efficiency using $Gi$ -based parameterizations.
Small particles and heterotrophic protists support the mesopelagic zooplankton food web in the subarctic northeast Pacific Ocean

A quantitative understanding of the mesopelagic zooplankton food web is key to development of accurate carbon budgets and geochemical models in marine systems. Here we use compound specific nitrogen stable isotope analysis of amino acids to quantify the trophic structure of the microzooplankton and mesozooplankton community during summer in the subarctic northeast Pacific Ocean during the EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing (EXPORTS) field campaign. Source amino acid δ15N values in particles and zooplankton provide strong evidence that basal resources for the mesopelagic zooplankton food web were primarily small ( <6μm ), suspended or slow‐sinking particles, but that surface organic matter delivered by vertically migrating zooplankton may have also been important. Comparisons of δ15N values of source and trophic amino acids provide estimates of food web length, which decrease significantly with depth and suggest that protistan microzooplankton are key components of the food web from the surface to at least 500 m . These results emphasize the importance of small particles as a source of carbon and nitrogen to mesopelagic communities in this region, support observations of an inverse relationship between zooplankton vertical migration and small particles as sources of carbon to deep‐sea food webs in low productivity environments, and document the role of heterotrophic protists as key trophic intermediaries in the mesopelagic zone at this location.
A survey on distributed optimisation approaches and applications in smart grids

Smart grid and smart metering technologies are transforming the utility industry and the customer experience in search of a new energy deal that supports a more collaborative, eco-friendly, stable, reliable and cost-efficient system as a whole. In order to unlock the full benefits, utilities need now to develop new technologies like distributed optimisation methods to excavate the latent value from the magnanimous data. This paper surveys recent advances of distributed optimisation and game algorithms with applications in power systems. In particular, this paper reviews distributed algorithms for model-based offline optimisation solution of dynamic economic dispatch problems, charging control problems for plug-in electric vehicles and risk-averse energy trading as well as model-free online algorithms for demand response problems.
Assessing the Performance of a Speech Recognition System Embedded in Low-Cost Devices

The main purpose of this research is to investigate how an Amazigh speech recognition system can be integrated into a low-cost minicomputer, specifically the Raspberry Pi, in order to improve the system's automatic speech recognition capabilities. The study focuses on optimizing system parameters to achieve a balance between performance and limited system resources. To achieve this, the system employs a combination of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs), and Mel Frequency Spectral Coefficients (MFCCs) with a speaker-independent approach. The system has been developed to recognize 20 Amazigh words, comprising of 10 commands and the first ten Amazigh digits. The results indicate that the recognition rate achieved on the Raspberry Pi system is 89.16% using 3 HMMs, 16 GMMs, and 39 MFCC coefficients. These findings demonstrate that it is feasible to create effective embedded Amazigh speech recognition systems using a low-cost minicomputer such as the Raspberry Pi. Furthermore, Amazigh linguistic analysis has been implemented to ensure the accuracy of the designed embedded speech system.
A Parallel Implicit Adaptive Mesh Refinement Algorithm for Predicting Unsteady Fully-compressible Reactive Flows

A Parallel Implicit Adaptive Mesh Refinement Algorithm for Predicting Unsteady Fully-Compressible Reactive Flows Scott A. Northrup Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Aerospace Engineering University of Toronto 2014 A new parallel implicit adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) algorithm is developed for the prediction of unsteady behaviour of laminar flames. The scheme is applied to the solution of the system of partial-differential equations governing time-dependent, twoand threedimensional, compressible laminar flows for reactive thermally perfect gaseous mixtures. A high-resolution finite-volume spatial discretization procedure is used to solve the conservation form of these equations on body-fitted multi-block hexahedral meshes. A local preconditioning technique is used to remove numerical stiffness and maintain solution accuracy for low-Mach-number, nearly incompressible flows. A flexible block-based octree data structure has been developed and is used to facilitate automatic solution-directed mesh adaptation according to physics-based refinement criteria. The data structure also enables an efficient and scalable parallel implementation via domain decomposition. The parallel implicit formulation makes use of a dual-time-stepping like approach with an implicit second-order backward discretization of the physical time, in which a Jacobian-free inexact Newton method with a preconditioned generalized minimal residual (GMRES) algorithm is used to solve the system of nonlinear algebraic equations arising from the temporal and spatial discretization procedures. An additive Schwarz global preconditioner is used in conjunction with block incomplete LU type local preconditioners for each sub-domain. The Schwarz preconditioning and block-based data structure readily allow efficient and scalable parallel implementations of the implicit AMR approach on
Neurotrophin-4 promotes the specification of trophectoderm lineage after parthenogenetic activation and enhances porcine early embryonic development

Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), a neurotrophic factor, appears to affect early embryonic development because it is secreted not only by neurons but also by oviductal and uterine epithelial cells. However, no studies have characterized the effects of NT-4 on early embryonic development in pigs. In this study, we applied the experimental model of parthenogenetic-activation (PA)-derived embryos. Herein, we investigated the effect of NT-4 supplementation during the in vitro culture (IVC) of embryos, analyzed the transcription levels of specific genes, and outlined the first cell lineage specification for porcine PA-derived blastocysts. We confirmed that NT-4 and its receptor proteins were localized in both the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) in porcine blastocysts. Across different concentrations (0, 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL) of NT-4 supplementation, the optimal concentration of NT-4 to improve the developmental competence of porcine parthenotes was 10 ng/mL. NT-4 supplementation during porcine IVC significantly (p < 0.05) increased the proportion of TE cells by inducing the transcription of TE lineage markers (CDX2, PPAG3, and GATA3 transcripts). NT-4 also reduced blastocyst apoptosis by regulating the transcription of apoptosis-related genes (BAX and BCL2L1 transcripts) and improved blastocyst quality via the interaction of neurotrophin-, Hippo-yes-associated protein (Hippo-YAP) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway. Additionally, NT-4 supplementation during IVC significantly (p < 0.05) increased YAP1 transcript levels and significantly (p < 0.01) decreased LATS2 transcript levels, respectively, in the porcine PA-derived blastocysts. We also confirmed through fluorescence intensity that the YAP1 protein was significantly (p < 0.001) increased in the NT-4-treated blastocysts compared with that in the control. NT-4 also promoted differentiation into the TE lineage rather than into the ICM lineage during porcine early embryonic development. In conclusion, 10 ng/mL NT-4 supplementation enhanced blastocyst quality by regulating the apoptosis- and TE lineage specification-related genes and interacting with neurotrophin-, Hippo-YAP-, and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway during porcine in vitro embryo development.
Identification of a Putative SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitor through In Silico Screening of Self-Designed Molecular Library

There have been outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 around the world for over three years, and its variants continue to evolve. This has become a major global health threat. The main protease (Mpro, also called 3CLpro) plays a key role in viral replication and proliferation, making it an attractive drug target. Here, we have identified a novel potential inhibitor of Mpro, by applying the virtual screening of hundreds of nilotinib-structure-like compounds that we designed and synthesized. The screened compounds were assessed using SP docking, XP docking, MM-GBSA analysis, IFD docking, MD simulation, ADME/T prediction, and then an enzymatic assay in vitro. We finally identified the compound V291 as a potential SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor, with a high docking affinity and enzyme inhibitory activity. Moreover, the docking results indicate that His41 is a favorable amino acid for pi-pi interactions, while Glu166 can participate in salt-bridge formation with the protonated primary or secondary amines in the screened molecules. Thus, the compounds reported here are capable of engaging the key amino acids His41 and Glu166 in ligand-receptor interactions. A pharmacophore analysis further validates this assertion.
Impact of Household Economic and Mothers’ Time Affluence on Obesity in Japanese Preschool Children: A Cross-sectional Study

Although the association between household economic affluence and children’s obesity has been reported, the association between mothers’ time affluence and obesity remains unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional study using Japanese national survey data (2015). The target population was 2–6-year-old preschool children and their mothers. Subjective household economic affluence and mothers’ time affluence were divided into “affluent,” “neither,” “less affluent,” and “non-affluent” groups. Obesity was defined based on the International Obesity Task Force. A logistic regression model was conducted to examine the association between household economic affluence, mothers’ time affluence, and children’s obesity. A total of 2254 respondents were included in the present analysis. The lower household economic affluence was not significantly associated with higher rates of children’s obesity (odds ratio (OR) for the “non-affluent” compared with the “affluent” group was 1.68 (95% CI, 0.93–3.03)). A lower mothers’ time affluence was not significantly associated with higher rates of children’s obesity (OR for the “non-affluent” compared with the “affluent” group was 1.67 (95% CI, 0.92–3.03)). The prevalence of obesity was not synergistically higher when lower household economic affluence and lower mothers’ time affluence were combined.
Dual Personality Model: Adjustment Indexes Towards an Integrative View of Personality Traits in a Highly-educated Argentinian Sample

Introduction: Differentiating between normal, pathological, and positive traits may be achieved by conceptualizing personality traits as a continuum in which these aspects could be placed as sickness or health poles. The tendency to focus on one aspect of the continuum to the detriment of the other has prompted the following question: What would be the outcome of studying both aspects conjointly? Aims: This study aimed at assessing the appropriateness of different personality adjustment indexes proposed by the Dual Personality Model. These indexes combine positive and pathological aspects of personality in a single measure. Methods: The sample was composed of 1061 individuals from the general Argentinian population (Mage=39.87, SD=14.68, 51% males). Results: Individuals who scored higher on the personality adjustment index (PAI) had higher positive traits and well-being, and lower pathological traits, psychological symptoms, and lack of personality functioning. Also, higher scores on each trait continuum index were related to favorable outcomes. Conclusions: It was concluded that PAI and trait continuum indexes are potentially useful measures for psychological research and for applied fields. The possibility of combining pathological and healthy aspects in a single measure makes it possible to view individuals in an integrated manner in any personality assessment. The indexes should be considered global measures which could be further complemented with a disaggregated analysis.
Seasonal Changes in Biochemical Composition of Freshwater Bivalve Mollusc Lamellidens marginalis (Lamark) from Purna River Near Jafrabad (M.S.) India

: The aim of the present study was to investigate variations in total protein, lipid and carbohydrate contents in body tissue of freshwater bivalve mollusc Lamellidens marginalis (Lamark) from Purna River near Jafrabad during different seasons. As environmental factors changes, it shows an effect on biochemical composition in the body tissues. The bivalve mollusc shows maximum variation of biochemical composition as it undergoes different stages like development, maturation and spawning during different seasons and can be affected by environmental factors, such as fluctuations in the environmental conditions, or by internal factors, such as metabolic and physiological activities
Optimal Controller Synthesis for Nonlinear Dynamical Systems

This work presents a novel method for synthesizing optimal Control Lyapunov functions for nonlinear, stochastic systems. The technique relies on solutions to the linear Hamilton Jacobi Bellman (HJB) equation, a transformation of the classical nonlinear HJB partial differential equation to a linear partial differential equation, possible when a particular structural constraint on the stochastic forcing on the system is satisfied. The linear partial differential equation is viewed as a set of constraints which are in turn relaxed to a linear differential inclusion. This allows for the optimization of a candidate polynomial solution using sum of squares programming. The resulting polynomials are in fact viscosity solutions of the HJB, allowing for the well developed results in the theory of viscosity solutions to be applied to these numerically generated solutions. It is shown how the viscosity solutions may be made arbitrarily close to the optimal solution via a hierarchy of semidefinite optimization problems. Furthermore, this work develops apriori bounds on trajectory suboptimality when using these approximate value functions.
Hi-Accuracy Method for Spectrum Shift Determination

A new hi-accuracy method for slight-shift determination of low-resolution spectra is proposed. The method allows determining a spectrum shift with an accuracy exceeding the spectrum analyzer resolution to more than three orders of magnitude due to the mathematical post-processing. The method is based on representing the spectrum as a continuous and everywhere differentiable function; expanding it into the Taylor series; approximating all the function derivatives by finite differences of a given order. Thereafter, the spectrum shift is determined using the least-squares method. The method description, its mathematical foundation and the simulation results are given. The advantages of the application of the proposed method are shown.
A unified framework for passive–active fault-tolerant control systems considering actuator saturation and L∞ disturbances

ABSTRACT This paper presents a unified passive–active fault-tolerant control strategy to compensate the loss of actuators’ effectiveness. The proposed approach is capable of handling the system in pre- and post-fault diagnosis intervals by passive and active approaches, respectively. The stability of the designed system is independent of the accuracy of information provided by the fault detection and diagnosis unit, however, a precise estimation could improve the conservation. Actuator saturation and L∞ disturbances effects are considered in the design stage. The trade-off between maximising the domain of attraction and minimising the effects of L∞ disturbances is tackled by developing a non-constant state feedback strategy. The feedback gains are determined by solving an optimisation problem. The proposed method is implemented on a model of Boeing 747 and results are discussed.