Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Massless Thirring model in curved space: Thermal states and conformal anomaly

The massless Thirring model of a self-interacting fermion field in a curved two-dimensional background space-time is considered. The exact operator solution for the fields and the equation for the two-point function are given and used to examine the radiation emitted by a two-dimensional black hole. The radiation is found to be thermal in nature, confirming general predictions to this effect. We compute the particle spectrum of the Thirring fermions at finite temperature in Minkowski space and point out errors in a previous attempt at this calculation. Finally we calculate the vacuum expectation value of the stress tensor in an arbitrary two-dimensional space-time by exploiting the connection between the thermal Hawking radiation from a black hole and the value of the so-called conformal trace anomaly. The latter is also computed quite independently, using dimensional regularization, from general considerations of the renormalization group. We find the stress tensor to be identical to the free-fermion case. Some discussion of the significance of this work for the second law of thermodynamics and black-hole entropy is given.
Intensity Distribution Across a Source from Spectral Measurements

Abstract The degree of spectral coherence (μ12(ω)) over the plane of a double slit is determined from the measurement of spectral changes in Young's interference experiment using the spectral interference law. The experimental and theoretically calculated values of μ12(ω)) for the experimental parameters agree well within experimental error, thus supporting the theoretical prediction of D. F. V. James and E. Wolf (1991, Phys. Lett. A, 157 6). The degree of spectral coherence determined is used for estimating the intensity distribution across a source. This new approach, being a simple spectral measurement technique, might find its application in astronomy, particularly for the study of intensity distribution across stars.
An IEEE-Compatible JTAG Test-Access-Port Controller for RSFQ Logic and Systems

JTAG, an IEEE-standard test protocol, is widely used for testing commercial and experimental CMOS chips but appears unused for testing superconducting chips. The test-access-port (TAP) controller described here facilitates the use of JTAG to reduce the cost – in time and effort – of testing superconductive circuits. Our RSFQ-based TAP controller shifts data serially through a scan chain that transfers data in parallel to and from a circuit under test. Suitably designed scan chains can provide initial values to superconducting circuits and retrieve results to explore circuit behavior. A control computer or an internet connection can operate our TAP controller through a simple five-wire interface. Our TAP controller implements the TAP part of IEEE standard 1149.8. 1-2012 in an area of only 580 × 280 micrometers, less area than two bonding pads. Our TAP Controller design information and MIT SFQ5ee layout will be freely available.
Augmented of turbulent heat transfer in an annular pipe with abrupt expansion

This paper presents a study of heat transfer to turbulent air flow in the abrupt axisymmetric expansion of an annular pipe. The experimental investigations were performed in the Reynolds number range from 5000 to 30000, the heat flux varied from 1000 to 4000 W/m2, and the expansion ratio was maintained at D/d=1, 1.25, 1.67 and 2. The sudden expansion was created by changing the inner diameter of the entrance pipe to an annular passage. The outer diameter of the inner pipe and the inner diameter of the outer pipe are 2.5 and 10 cm, respectively, where both of the pipes are subjected to uniform heat flux. The distribution of the surface temperature of the test pipe and the local Nusselt number are presented in this investigation. Due to sudden expansion in the cross section of the annular pipe, a separation flow was created, which enhanced the heat transfer. The reduction of the surface temperature on the outer and inner pipes increased with the increase of the expansion ratio and the Reynolds number, and increased with the decrease of the heat flux to the annular pipe. The peak of the local Nusselt number was between 1.64 and 1.7 of the outer and inner pipes for Reynolds numbers varied from 5000 to 30000, and the increase of the local Nusselt number represented the augmentation of the heat transfer rate in the sudden expansion of the annular pipe. This research also showed a maximum heat transfer enhancement of 63-78% for the outer and inner pipes at an expansion ratio of D/d=2 at a Re=30000 and a heat flux of 4000W/m2.
Path Planning Based on Fuzzy Logic Algorithm for Robots in Hierarchical Control

To find the optimal path of mobile robots,a novel robot path planning strategy based on hierarchical control fuzzy algorithm has been proposed.The path planning strategy which developed to overcome the collision and avoidance problem in path planning of robot is inspired by fuzzy control concept,in order to achieving a target that making robots to follow a non-collision rapid and accurate path in uncertain environment.Simulation results showed that the strategy using fuzzy algorithm could meet the feasibility and validity demand.
An Autonomous Role and Consideration of Electronic Health Systems with Access Control in Developed Countries: A Review

—The electronic healthcare system (EHS) nowadays is essential to access, maintain, store, and share the electronic health records (EHR) of patients. It should provide safer, more efficient, and cost-effective healthcare. There are several challenges with EHS, notably in terms of security and privacy. Nonetheless, many approaches can be utilized to tackle it, and one of them is access control. Even though numerous access control models were presented, traditional methods of access control, such as role-based access control (RBAC), were extensively employed and are still in use today. Currently, the number of EHS equipped with access control keeps growing, and some previous works utilize RBAC only or an autonomous role. However, relying only on a role in today’s advanced technology may jeopardize security and privacy. The previous work also has flaws because of using an ineffective instrument that is costly to maintain and will burden organizations, particularly in developed countries. In this paper, the background and emphasis on the challenges associated with an autonomous role in the EHS are discussed. Following that, this paper provides recommendations and analytical discussion on existing EHSs with access control mechanisms for securing and protecting EHR in developed countries. Finally, instrument information in the form of a SWOT analysis is recommended to replace the present instrument utilized by the previous work for a notion to the organizations in the developed countries to select the best environment for their future or upgrade EHS.
Multiple Comparison of Several Linear Regression Models

Research on multiple comparison during the past 50 years or so has focused mainly on the comparison of several population means. Several years ago, Spurrier considered the multiple comparison of several simple linear regression lines. He constructed simultaneous confidence bands for all of the contrasts of the simple linear regression lines over the entire range (-∞, ∞) when the models have the same design matrices. This article extends Spurrier's work in several directions. First, multiple linear regression models are considered and the design matrices are allowed to be different. Second, the predictor variables are either unconstrained or constrained to finite intervals. Third, the types of comparison allowed can be very flexible, including pairwise, many–one, and successive. Two simulation methods are proposed for the calculation of critical constants. The methodologies are illustrated with examples.
A new kind of semi-slow light photonic crystal waveguides with large delay-bandwidth product

Flat band slow light with large bandwidth and low GVD in a novel PC waveguide is investigated. By using only one tuning parameter with respect to a simple W1 waveguide, unusual "U" type ng-frequency curves are obtained, enabling a versatile control of light group index and bandwidth. Delay-bandwidth products have been estimated for the proposed waveguide geometry (0.1363 for ng = 211 < DPBs < 0.336 for ng=11) and can be faborably compared with values reported in previous works. The GVD properties of the proposed structure have been also analyzed. It turns out that nearly-zero dispersion waveguiding can be achieved within the constant high ng range. Addtionnaly, the new waveguide allows a versatile control of positive or negative GVD values, opening opportunities for dispersion compensation devices. Finally, the novel simple PC waveguide is relatively easy for fabrication if compared with previously proposed solutions. Possible applications of the proposed δx PC waveguides can be found in optical interconnects, nonlinear optics, or biophotonics.
QoE-Aware Network Pricing, Power Allocation, and Admission Control

In wireless communications, focusing on end-user satisfaction and maximizing network operators’ revenue are emerging business challenges. In this paper, we investigate the price-based power allocation problem where, first, base stations (BSs) set prices by maximizing users’ utility modeled by their mean opinion score (MOS). Then, each user's optimal power is set by maximizing operator revenue while ensuring the minimum data rate for each user. We propose a hybrid MOS-based pricing method to model users’ utility instead of the conventional achievable rate approach. Our hybrid approach applies a machine learning algorithm to model the MOS of the call service in terms of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI). In terms of MOS and outage probability, our proposed method outperforms the rate-based pricing method and the conventional objective MOS models. In addition, we consider a joint admission control and price-based power allocation problem. When a new user requests to connect, a central controller determines whether or not to accept the new connection based on the system's MOS and average outage probability. The results demonstrate a trade-off between the number of users admitted and their level of satisfaction, providing operators with crucial knowledge about how to use their network resources more effectively.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: The Underlying Role of Diminished Access to Internal States

We suggest that individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) experience difficulty accessing their internal states, including their feelings, emotions, preferences, and motivations. Instead, they rely on proxies to inform them of these states—that is, discernible substitutes in the form of fixed rules and rituals, observable behavior, and indexes. The Seeking Proxies for Internal States (SPIS) model of OCD proposes that compulsions, obsessions, indecision, and doubt result from seeking and using such proxies. The SPIS model not only accounts for these OCD symptoms but also sheds new light on normal processes of action control, metacognition, decision-making, and introspection.
Collective action by community groups: solutions for climate change or different players in the same game?

ABSTRACT Community groups are taking initiatives to adapt to a changing climate. These organizations differ from businesses and governments by being non-profit, often informal, resource limited, and reliant on volunteer labor. How these organizations facilitate collective action is not well known, especially since they do not necessarily solve common pool resource governance, but rather improve common pool resources through collective action. In fact, at first glance, community groups seem to not have the means for solving collective action problems used routinely in industry and government, such as paying people for cooperation or punishing them for lack of it. This article investigates how community groups solve collective action problems though data gathered across 25 organizations in three sites – Sitka, Alaska, USA; Toco, Trinidad; and a global site of distributed citizen science organizations. We found that community groups used positive reinforcement methods common to industry and used little punishment. Groups also engaged in mechanisms for collective action, such as relying on altruistic contributions by few individuals, that generally are not considered commonplace in businesses and governments. We conclude by discussing implications from this study for collective action theory and for how policymakers might learn from community groups to address climate change.
Nanoscale plasmonic waveguides for filtering and demultiplexing devices

Numerical simulations, based on a FDTD (finite-difference-time-domain) method, of infrared light propagation for add/drop filtering in two-dimensional (2D) Ag-SiO2-Ag resonators are reported to design 2D Y-bent plasmonic waveguides with possible applications in telecommunication WDM (wavelength demultiplexing). First, we study optical transmission and reflection of a nanoscale SiO2 waveguide coupled to a nanocavity of the same insulator located either inside or on the side of a linear waveguide sandwiched between Ag. According to the inside or outside positioning of the nanocavity with respect to the waveguide, the transmission spectrum displays peaks or dips, respectively, which occur at the same central frequency. A fundamental study of the possible cavity modes in the near-infrared frequency band is also given. These filtering properties are then exploited to propose a nanoscale demultiplexer based on a Y-shaped plasmonic waveguide for separation of two different wavelengths, in selection or rejection, from an input broadband signal around 1550 nm. We detail coupling of the 2D add/drop Y connector to two cavities inserted on each of its branches.
Legislators’ Religiosity and Same-Sex Marriage in Latin America

Abstract Same-sex marriage has risen to the top of political agendas across Latin America, but it is still illegal in many countries. Public support about the issue varies greatly, and the roles of the courts, presidents, and legislatures have also differed. This article focuses on legislators because they are charged with representing the public and converting demands into policy. Although many legislatures have now voted on the issue, the literature has not intensively examined the policy makers’ attitudes toward same-sex marriage. This study applies a theoretical framework that extends theories considering context and social contact and uses a survey of the region’s legislators to study the correlates of support for same-sex marriage. Although the study also tests for individual-level variables (e.g., gender and ideology), the models focus on the contextual role of religiosity. The results show that having more secular colleagues encourages even pious legislators to support same-sex marriage.
A Biterm Topic Model for Sparse Mutation Data

Simple Summary We developed an efficient method for analyzing sparse mutation data based on mutation co-occurrence to infer the underlying numbers of mutational signatures and sample clusters that gave rise to the data. Abstract Mutational signature analysis promises to reveal the processes that shape cancer genomes for applications in diagnosis and therapy. However, most current methods are geared toward rich mutation data that has been extracted from whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing. Methods that process sparse mutation data typically found in practice are only in the earliest stages of development. In particular, we previously developed the Mix model that clusters samples to handle data sparsity. However, the Mix model had two hyper-parameters, including the number of signatures and the number of clusters, that were very costly to learn. Therefore, we devised a new method that was several orders-of-magnitude more efficient for handling sparse data, was based on mutation co-occurrences, and imitated word co-occurrence analyses of Twitter texts. We showed that the model produced significantly improved hyper-parameter estimates that led to higher likelihoods of discovering overlooked data and had better correspondence with known signatures.
An Analysis of the Toxicity, Antioxidant, and Anti-Cancer Activity of Cinnamon Silver Nanoparticles in Comparison with Extracts and Fractions of Cinnamomum Cassia at Normal and Cancer Cell Levels

In this work, the extract of cinnamon bark was used for the green synthesis of cinnamon-Ag nanoparticles (CNPs) and other cinnamon samples, including ethanolic (EE) and aqueous (CE) extracts, chloroform (CF), ethyl acetate (EF), and methanol (MF) fractions. The polyphenol (PC) and flavonoid (FC) contents in all the cinnamon samples were determined. The synthesized CNPs were tested for the antioxidant activity (as DPPH radical scavenging percentage) in Bj-1 normal cells and HepG-2 cancer cells. Several antioxidant enzymes, including biomarkers, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and reduced glutathione (GSH), were verified for their effects on the viability and cytotoxicity of normal and cancer cells. The anti-cancer activity depended on apoptosis marker protein levels (Caspase3, P53, Bax, and Pcl2) in normal and cancerous cells. The obtained data showed higher PC and FC contents in CE samples, while CF showed the lowest levels. The IC50 values of all investigated samples were higher, while their antioxidant activities were lower than those of vitamin C (5.4 g/mL). The CNPs showed lower IC50 value (55.6 µg/mL), whereas the antioxidant activity inside or outside the Bj-1 or HepG-2 was found to be higher compared with other samples. All samples execrated a dose-dependent cytotoxicity by decreasing the cells’ viability percent of Bj-1 and HepG-2. Similarly, the anti-proliferative potency of CNPs on Bj-1 or HepG-2 at different concentrations was more effective than that of other samples. Higher concentrations of the CNPs (16 g/mL) showed greater cell death in Bj-1 (25.68%) and HepG-2 (29.49%), indicating powerful anti-cancer properties of the nanomaterials. After 48 h of CNPs treatment, both Bj-1 and HepG-2 showed significant increases in biomarker enzyme activities and reduced glutathione compared with other treated samples or untreated controls (p < 0.05). The anti-cancer biomarker activities of Caspas-3, P53, Bax, and Bcl-2 levels were significantly changed in Bj-1 or HepG-2 cells. The cinnamon samples were significantly increased in Caspase-3, Bax, and P53, while there were decreased Bcl-2 levels compared with control.
Nanoplasmonic ecosystem sensors

Rapid advances in design, materials, and fabrication technologies over the past decade have allowed scientists to construct novel sensors to map and investigate the marine environment in new ways. This paper investigates the potential of nanoplasmonic sensors to further improve our understanding of marine ecosystems by providing information on pressing physical, chemical, and biological ocean parameters.
A Bitter Taste Receptor as a Novel Molecular Target on Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) execute diverse and complex functions in cancer progression. While reprogramming the crosstalk between CAFs and cancer epithelial cells is a promising avenue to evade the adverse effects of stromal depletion, drugs are limited by their suboptimal pharmacokinetics and off-target effects. Thus, there is a need to elucidate CAF-selective cell surface markers that can improve drug delivery and efficacy. Here, functional proteomic pulldown with mass spectrometry was used to identify taste receptor type 2 member 9 (TAS2R9) as a CAF target. TAS2R9 target characterization included binding assays, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and database mining. Liposomes conjugated to a TAS2R9-specific peptide were generated, characterized, and compared to naked liposomes in a murine pancreatic xenograft model. Proof-of-concept drug delivery experiments demonstrate that TAS2R9-targeted liposomes bind with high specificity to TAS2R9 recombinant protein and exhibit stromal colocalization in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model. Furthermore, the delivery of a CXCR2 inhibitor by TAS2R9-targeted liposomes significantly reduced cancer cell proliferation and constrained tumor growth through the inhibition of the CXCL-CXCR2 axis. Taken together, TAS2R9 is a novel cell-surface CAF-selective target that can be leveraged to facilitate small-molecule drug delivery to CAFs, paving the way for new stromal therapies.
Real-Time Stereo 3D Car Detection With Shape-Aware Non-Uniform Sampling

Pseudo-LiDAR based stereo 3D detectors have gained popularity due to their high accuracy. However, these methods need dense depth supervision and suffer from inferior speed. To solve these two issues, a recently introduced RTS3D builds an efficient 4D feature-consistency embedding (FCE) space for the object intermediate representation without depth supervision, where FCE space performs uniform sampling to generate feature sampling points, which ignores the importance of different object regions. In this paper, we observe that, compared with the inner region, the outer region of the object plays a more important role for accurate 3D detection. To fully exploit the useful information from the outer region, we propose a novel shape-aware non-uniform sampling strategy. Instead of uniform sampling, our proposed non-uniform sampling strategy performs dense sampling in outer region and sparse sampling in inner region. Therefore, more points are sampled from the outer region and more useful features are extracted for 3D detection. In addition, we design a high-level semantic enhanced FCE module to exploit more contextual information and suppress noise better. As a result, it further improves feature discrimination of each sampling point. Experimental results on the KITTI dataset show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with the baseline RTS3D, our proposed method has 2.57% improvement on car AP $_{3d}$ almost without extra network parameters. Moreover, our proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods without extra supervision at a real-time speed.
On the aerodynamic design of axial flow turbines by an implicit upwind axisymmetric method

An inverse time-marching solution of Euler equations is performed in the meridional plane of a complete machine. The method predicts the flowfield and blade cambersurface geometry that correspond to a specified load distribution in the blade regions. The implicit approach is used to solve Euler equations with a specified mass flowrate at the outlet section. This boundary condition leads to typical turbine solutions of the inverse problem. The implicit upwind scheme is based on a time linearization of Osher's flux difference splitting operator. This operator employs a high-order Riemann solution that provides second-order space accuracy. For infinite-span turbine cascades working in the low-subsonic range, the new method has convergence times and residuals that are one order of magnitude lower than previous explicit methods. It keeps the same convergence properties up to the sonic outflow conditions, while explicit methods fail in the high-subsonic range. When endwalls are included in the computation to design finite-span cascades or complete turbine stages, the method still encounters some numerical instabilities that can be partly overcome using a sufficient mesh resolution in the spanwise direction.