Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Associations of Breastfeeding Status at 6 Months with Anthropometry, Body Composition, and Cardiometabolic Markers at 5 Years in the Ethiopian Infant Anthropometry and Body Composition Birth Cohort

(1) Background: Breastfeeding (BF) has been shown to lower the risk of overweight and cardiometabolic disease later in life. However, evidence from low-income settings remains sparse. We examined the associations of BF status at 6 months with anthropometry, body composition (BC), and cardiometabolic markers at 5 years in Ethiopian children. (2) Methods: Mother–child pairs from the iABC birth cohort were categorised into four BF groups at 6 months: 1. “Exclusive”, 2. “Almost exclusive”, 3. “Predominantly” and 4. “Partial or none”. The associations of BF status with anthropometry, BC, and cardiometabolic markers at 5 years were examined using multiple linear regression analyses in three adjustment models. (3) Results: A total of 306 mother–child pairs were included. Compared with “Exclusive”, the nonexclusive BF practices were associated with a lower BMI, blood pressure, and HDL-cholesterol at 5 years. Compared with “Exclusive”, “Predominantly” and “Almost exclusive” had shorter stature of −1.7 cm (−3.3, −0.2) and −1.2 cm (−2.9, 0.5) and a lower fat-free mass index of −0.36 kg/m2 (−0.71, −0.005) and −0.38 kg/m2 (−0.76, 0.007), respectively, but a similar fat mass index. Compared with “Exclusive”, “Predominantly” had higher insulin of 53% (2.01, 130.49), “Almost exclusive” had lower total and LDL-cholesterol, and “Partial or none” had a lower fat mass index. (5) Conclusions: Our data suggest that children exclusively breastfed at 6 months of age are overall larger at 5 years, with greater stature, higher fat-free mass but similar fat mass, higher HDL-cholesterol and blood pressure, and lower insulin concentrations compared with predominantly breastfed children. Long-term studies of the associations between BF and metabolic health are needed to inform policies.
Radiocarbon Dating of the Necropolis of the Early Christian Site of Son Peretó (Mallorca, Balearic Islands)

Radiocarbon dates, obtained from different human bones found in several tombs of the site of Son Peretó, are presented and discussed together with the stratigraphical evidence and the study of the material culture. The calibrated dates show that the tombs were built earlier than the main phase of occupation of the West Sector, therefore belonging to a necropolis linked to the Christian building prior to the transformation of the area into a habitation nucleus. The necropolis is 14C dated mainly to the 6th century AD. This is in good agreement with the chronology provided by ceramic materials.
Christian ideology and the image of a holy land: the place of Jerusalem pilgrimage in the various Christianities

The great majority of the world's holy cities and sacred shrines attract pilgrims from culturally circumscribed catchment areas, and thus host pilgrims united by strong degrees of cultural homogeneity. Jerusalem, on the other hand, draws pilgrims from a vast multitude of nations and cultural traditions. During religious festivals - which tend to be imbricated because of the antagonistic engagement of Judaism, Christianity and Islam - Jerusalem's streets swarm with men and women displaying a rainbow of secular and religious costumes, speaking a cacophony of languages, and pursuing a plethora of divine figures. Other sacred centres which attract pilgrims from areas as heterogeneous as those which provide Jerusalem's pilgrims - eminent among these Mecca (which nonetheless services only the sects of a single religion) - funnel their devotees through ritual routines which mask differences beneath identical repertoires of movement and utterance2. Jerusalem's pilgrims, on the other hand, go to different places at different times where they engage in very different forms of worship. The result is a continuous crossing and diverging - often marked by clashes - of bodies, voices and religious artifacts. Jerusalem does not, in fact, appear so much as a holy city as as a multitude of holy cities - as many as are the religious communities which worship at the site - built over the same spot, operating at the same moment, and contending for hegemony.
Beyond Iterative Design: User Innovation in Co-adaptive Systems

User interface researchers advocate involving users in the design of computer software. Yet current techniques do not go far enough: they fail to account for users who innovate. This paper suggests that software use is co-adaptive: users not only adapt to software, but they also adapt it for their own purposes as user innovations. This paper reports innovations from two research studies which significantly altered usage patterns within each organization, changed the designer’s conception of the software, and provided a unique source of input for the next generation of the software.
A Smartphone-Enabled Deep Learning Approach for Myocardial Infarction Detection Using ECG Traces for IoT-Based Healthcare Applications

The development of artificial intelligence (AI)-based frameworks to detect myocardial infarction (MI) from electrocardiogram (ECG) data is important for Internet of Things (IoT)-based healthcare applications. This letter proposes a smartphone-enabled deep learning (DL)-based healthcare system for the automated detection of MI using ECG traces. An ensemble or majority voting-based DL model is formulated based on the decisions of five branches of network layers, with each branch consisting of a frozen transfer learner block followed by global average pooling, batch normalization, drop-out, and Softmax layers. The weight parameters of the suggested ensemble model are quantized using the floating point 16-bit and integer 8-bit formats. After quantization, the model is deployed on the Android mobile device to detect MI and abnormal heart diseases (AHD). The results demonstrate that the suggested ensemble DL model has obtained the accuracy, precision, and recall values of 99.34%, 99.35%, and 99.34%, respectively, for classifying normal, MI, and AHD. The proposed healthcare framework is simple and inexpensive for the automated prediction of MI and AHD using 12-lead ECG trace images.
Effect of submarine groundwater discharge on the coastal ocean inorganic carbon cycle

Using radium (Ra) isotopes, we estimate that the average submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) flux (marine plus terrestrial groundwater) into the southwest Florida Shelf (SWFS) was 20 ± 10 × 107 and 18 ± 8 × 107 m3 d−1 in July and October 2009, respectively. The terrestrial groundwater flux was the same order of magnitude as the local river discharge in July 2009. Shelf‐water total alkalinity (TAlk) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations could not be explained by river inputs alone, suggesting a groundwater source. We estimated SGD fluxes of TAlk and DIC using the SGD flux derived from a shelf‐water 226Ra budget and TAlk and DIC concentration differences between the groundwater and seawater. These fluxes were also determined by the observed TAlk : 226Ra and DIC : 226Ra relationships in the shelf water, and the 226Ra flux sustained by SGD. These TAlk and DIC fluxes were 11–71 times more than the combined input of local rivers, suggesting that SGD was the dominant source of TAlk and DIC to the SWFS during 2009. SGD is an important component of the inorganic carbon budget for the coastal ocean.
Improving Traffic Efficiency in a Road Network by Adopting Decentralised Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning and Smart Navigation

In the future, mixed traffic flow will consist of human-driven vehicles (HDVs) and connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs). Effective traffic management is a global challenge, especially in urban areas with many intersections. Much research has focused on solving this problem to increase intersection network performance. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a new approach to optimising traffic signal lights that overcomes the disadvantages of traditional methods. In this paper, we propose an integrated approach that combines the multi-agent advantage actor-critic (MA-A2C) and smart navigation (SN) to solve the congestion problem in a road network under mixed traffic conditions. The A2C algorithm combines the advantages of value-based and policy-based methods to stabilise the training by reducing the variance. It also overcomes the limitations of centralised and independent MARL. In addition, the SN technique reroutes traffic load to alternate paths to avoid congestion at intersections. To evaluate the robustness of our approach, we compare our model against independent-A2C (I-A2C) and max pressure (MP). These results show that our proposed approach performs more efficiently than others regarding average waiting time, speed and queue length. In addition, the simulation results also suggest that the model is effective as the CAV penetration rate is greater than 20%.
Outlet glacier response to the 2012 collapse of the Matusevich Ice Shelf, Severnaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic

The Matusevich Ice Shelf (MIS), located within the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago in the Russian Arctic, rapidly broke apart between 10 August and 7 September 2012. We examine the response of the outlet glaciers that fed the MIS from local ice caps to the removal of the ice shelf. We use spaceborne laser altimetry and multiple optically derived digital elevation models to track ice surface elevation change rates (dh/dt) between 1984 and 2014. Glacier speeds are measured by pixel‐tracking from optical and RADAR imagery between 2010 and 2014 and interferometric synthetic aperture radar in 1995 to compare precollapse and postcollapse velocities. We find that the three main outlet glaciers that fed the MIS are thinning an order of magnitude more rapidly than most of the rest of Severnaya Zemyla, based upon ICESat data from 2003 to 2009. Recent, 2012 to 2014 thinning rates are three to four times faster than the 30 year average thinning rate, calculated between 1984 and 2014. The springtime speeds of the largest outlet glacier (Issledovateley) have increased more than 200% at the terminus between April 2010 and April 2014. To date, changes in surface elevation (dh/dt) and velocity at the outlet glaciers near MIS are smaller than glacier responses to ice shelf collapse in Antarctica. It is possible that the MIS was already very weak prior to the 2012 collapse and unable to support back stress. Further observations are required to assess whether the thinning and nonmelt season glacier speeds are continuing to accelerate.
Relationship between MMI Data and Ground Shaking in the State of Nuevo León, Northeastern Mexico

In this article, we implement a web questionnaire (available in Spanish at the [www.fct.uanl.mx][1], last accessed March 2014, as Encuesta sismo ) to gather citizens’ observations on felt earthquakes in an area of northeastern Mexico. We generated a seismic intensity map due to the fact that some events from the October 2013 to March 2014 seismic sequence (1.9≤ M c≤4.5) were recorded and felt in the region. This sequence occurred in the central area of the state of Nuevo Leon. The data obtained from this questionnaire and by interviewing people living near the epicentral area are useful for a rapid postearthquake evaluation. This is important because the maximum intensity values were of V–VI near the epicentral area. Finally, the attenuation curves obtained from our study proved to be similar to those for central and eastern United States. [1]: http://www.fct. uanl.mx
Impacts of 2009 Typhoons on Seawater Properties and Top Layer Ocean's Structure in the Northwest Pacific Ocean (Kesan Ribut Taufan pada Tahun 2009 kepada Sifat-Sifat Air Laut dan Struktur Permukaan Laut di Barat Laut Lautan Pasifik)

Passing over the ocean surface, typhoon absorbs heat from the sea water as it needs the heat as its ‘fuel’. The process is via evaporation of water. Subsequently, the sea surface temperature (SST) in that area will significantly decrease. Due to strong typhoon wind water is evaporated from the surface layer of the ocean, the amount of water mass in that area is lost, but the same amount of salt will remain, causing sea surface salinity (SSS) to increase. Strong winds induced by typhoons will also cause turbulence in the water, causing entrainment, where cold deeper water is brought up to the surface layer of the ocean, which will consequently increase its SSS and change the isothermal layer and mixed layer depth (MLD). Here, isothermal layer means the ocean layer where temperature is almost constant and MLD is the depth where salinity is almost constant. This paper focuses on the effect of typhoons on SST, SSS, isothermal layer and MLD by taking 15 typhoons in the Northwest Pacific throughout 2009 typhoon season (typhoons Lupit and Ketsana are used as examples in results) into consideration. Temperature and salinity data from selected Array of Regional Geostrophic Oceanography (ARGO) floats close to the individual typhoon’s track are used in this study. The results showed that SST decreased up to 2.97°C; SSS increased up to 0.44 pss and majority of the typhoons showed deepening of isothermal layer (between 39.8 m and 4.6 m) and MLD (between 69.6 and 4.6 m) after the passage of typhoons. Passing of each individual typhoon also removed significant amount of heat energy from the affected area. The highest amount of heat of 841 MJ m - 2 to the lowest of 30 MJ m -2 was calculated during the study period. For comparison purpose, an equivalent amount
Exploring within- and between-effects of the factors influencing off-farm work decisions in Switzerland

: We examine the determinants of off-farm work in Swiss agriculture between 2003 and 2013. By differentiating between the between-farm effects and the within-farm effects, our model provides new insights into the labour allocation process as compared with standard cross-sectional or panel data models. As regards the between-farm variations, our results show that younger farm families without children and farm households with higher non-agricultural education levels of both the farmer and the partner are more involved in working activities outside the farm. However, the within-farm time effects provided a more differentiated picture: impacts of changes in most variables over time tended to be smaller, and in case of two variables show opposite directions. In addition to a negative between-effect of farm income on the allocation of off-farm labour, our results on within-farm effects suggest that an increase in farm income per annual family work unit could be compatible with a higher share of off-farm work during the analysed period.
Spatial and temporal patterns of water availability in a grass–shrub ecotone and implications for grassland recovery in arid environments

Encroachment of woody shrubs into historic desert grasslands is a major problem throughout the world. Conversion of grasslands to shrub‐dominated systems may result in significant alteration of biogeochemical processes and reduced resource availability in shrub interspaces, making grassland recovery difficult. Soil petrocalcic horizons, which are common in arid and semi‐arid regions globally, have been shown to dramatically alter plant water availability. To assess how soil water dynamics are affected by woody encroachment in petrocalcic soils under contrasting precipitation patterns, we conducted a 3‐year replicated study in a mixed shrub–grass system measuring soil water in unvegetated interspaces and under mesquite canopies. Plots were instrumented with time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) moisture probes, both above and within the soil petrocalcic horizon. Soils under both cover types maintained large increases in available water content for several months during a wetter than normal winter and summer (increases of 0·08–0·16 m3 m−3). Interspace soils absorbed significantly greater quantities of water during the winter and retained more water into the spring than soils under shrubs. In contrast, soils under shrubs initially absorbed greater volumes of water during and following summer rains. Differing seasonal dynamics were attributed to interactions between the unique properties of soils with petrocalcic horizons and canopy‐induced variability in evapotranspiration. Observed patterns of plant‐available water do not support the hypothesis of greater resource availability under shrubs. Similar or greater water availability in shrub interspaces indicates that concentration of soil water under shrubs may not be a process limiting grass recovery on these soils. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aalborg Universitet Grid-Current-Feedback Active Damping for LCL Resonance in Grid-Connected Voltage-Source Converters

This paper investigates active damping of LCL-filter resonance in a grid-connected voltage source converter with only grid-current feedback control. Basic analysis in the s-domain shows that the proposed damping technique with a negative high-pass filter along its damping path is equivalent to adding a virtual impedance across the grid-side inductance. This added impedance is more precisely represented by a series RL branch in parallel with a negative inductance. The negative inductance helps to mitigate phase lag caused by time delays found in a digitally controlled system. The mitigation of phase-lag, in turn, helps to shrink the region of non-minimum-phase behavior caused by negative virtual resistance inserted unintentionally by most digitally implemented active damping techniques. The presented high-pass-filtered active damping technique with a single grid-current feedback loop is thus a more effective technique, whose systematic design in the z-domain has been developed in the paper. For verification, experimental testing has been performed with results obtained matching the theoretical expectations closely.
Biodiversity and ecosystem services dashboards to inform landscape and urban planning: a systematic analysis of current practices

ABSTRACT Guiding the transformation of cities and regions towards more sustainable pathways requires a deep understanding of the complexities of socio-ecological systems. This entails gaining insights into the status and trends of biodiversity, ecosystems and their services (BES), as well as navigating complex governance and power structures, particularly in contested spaces. Digital dashboards, understood as visual representations of key information, could effectively communicate complex BES information to decision makers and planners in landscape and urban planning, enabling more informed decisions. While dashboards are increasingly being used in spatial-related applications, the lack of scientific understanding regarding the emerging applications of BES information in dashboards underscores the pressing need for research and review in this area. This study aims to identify and analyze contemporary case studies of BES dashboard applications to explore their potential role, which can effectively support decision-making in landscape and urban planning. We develop a conceptual framework of interlinkages between BES dashboards and landscape planning processes and apply this framework to analyze 12 state-of-the-art BES dashboard applications from Asia, Australia, Europe, North and South America. Our results reflect emerging practices of dashboards visualizing BES information, which varied in purposes, content, functionalities, visual design, and output features. The dashboards represented/covered a total of 66 BES indicators, including tree health, forest status and functionality, green and blue spaces connectivity, and specific components of biodiversity. Further research on user demands and real-world impacts is necessary to enhance the effectiveness of BES dashboards in informing landscape and urban planning for people and nature. Key policy highlights Dashboards for reporting BES information: Dashboards can facilitate the communication of biodiversity, ecosystems and their services (BES) information, providing policy makers with useful information for decision-making. Framework for analysis: Our conceptual framework developed for assessing BES dashboards in landscape and urban planning contexts enables practitioners to understand BES dashboard applications and opportunities. Insights into worldwide BES dashboards: Our analysis of 12 state-of-the-art of BES dashboards applications worldwide highlights the global reach of this tool. Decision-makers can gain valuable insights from various regions for addressing local biodiversity and ecosystem challenges. Diverse range of indicators and customizations: BES dashboards take diverse forms, including a wide range of indicators to customize BES information for local contexts and priorities. Future BES dashboards research: Future research and innovation should enhance BES dashboards’ integration with planning systems, align with user demands, and impact real-world decision-making.
Comparison of VNA and TDS Measurements for Material Characterization Using a Balanced-type Circular Disk Resonator

We investigated the applicability of a time-domain spectrometer (TDS) to millimeter-wave material characterization using a balanced-type circular disk resonator (BCDR). BCDR can provide broadband material measurements from less than 20 GHz to over 100 GHz with one resonator by using higher-order TM$_{0m0}$ modes. Compared to a vector network analyzer (VNA) system that have been widely used for resonator-based material characterization, a TDS system can be advantageous for evaluating broadband resonators such as a BCDR owing to the ultra wideband measurement capability. We constructed a TDS system for measuring a BCDR having 1 mm coaxial line interfaces to perform BCDR-based material characterization. We investigated the consistency of the TDS system with a VNA system by measuring three dielectric samples with a BCDR using both systems. At frequencies up to 110 GHz, the relative permittivity results obtained with both systems are in good agreement with the differences less than 1.6 %.
An assessment of the level of awareness of the effects of climate change among students of tertiary institutions in Jalingo Metropolis, Taraba State Nigeria

Climate change has become one of the major global challenges of the 21st century. It has been observed that the developing countries of the world (Nigeria inclusive) will suffer most from the impacts of climate change. As the world battles with measures of finding lasting solution to the problem of climate change, this study examines the level of awareness of the problem among students of tertiary institutions in Jalingo Metropolis of Taraba state, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design using data collection instrument such as questionnaire was adopted. Two hundred and twenty five (225) students were drawn disproportionately from the tertiary institutions in Jalingo Metropolis. Structured questionnaire and focus group discussion were used in eliciting information from the student on their knowledge of climate change, effects of climate change on the individual and community and ways of reducing the effects of the problem. The frequency counts and item analysis method were used to analyse the data collected. The result of the findings shows that 18.2% of the students interviewed have never heard about climate change before. Of the 81.8% that have heard about climate change, 89%do not know what climate change is all about, its causes, effects, and possible adaptive or mitigative measures. This study recommends the need to establish climate change awareness club in the tertiary institutions in Jalingo metropolis of Taraba State and the nation at large so as to mobilize the students who are future leaders on the importance of bracing up to the challenges of climate change. Key words: Assessment, awareness, climate change, student, tertiary institution.