Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Content-based retrieval of melodies using artificial neural networks

Human listeners are capable of spontaneously organizing and remembering a continuous stream of musical notes. A listener automatically segments a melody into phrases, from which an entire melody may be learnt and later recognized. This ability makes human listeners ideal for the task of retrieving melodies by content. This research introduces two neural networks, known as SONNETMAP and _ReTREEve, which attempt to model this behaviour. SONNET-MAP functions as a melody segmenter, whereas ReTREEve is specialized towards content-based retrieval (CBR). Typically, CBR systems represent melodies as strings of symbols drawn from a finite alphabet, thereby reducing the retrieval process to the task of approximate string matching. SONNET-MAP and ReTREEwe, which are derived from Nigrin’s SONNET architecture, offer a novel approach to these traditional systems, and indeed CBR in general. Based on melodic grouping cues, SONNETMAP segments a melody into phrases. Parallel SONNET modules form independent, sub-symbolic representations of the pitch and rhythm dimensions of each phrase. These representations are then bound using associative maps, forming a two-dimensional representation of each phrase. This organizational scheme enables SONNET-MAP to segment melodies into phrases using both the pitch and rhythm features of each melody. The boundary points formed by these melodic phrase segments are then utilized to populate the iieTREEve network. ReTREEw is organized in the same parallel fashion as SONNET-MAP. However, in addition, melodic phrases are aggregated by an additional layer; thus forming a two-dimensional, hierarchical memory structure of each entire melody. Melody retrieval is accomplished by matching input queries, whether perfect (for example, a fragment from the original melody) or imperfect (for example, a fragment derived from humming), against learned phrases and phrase sequence templates. Using a sample of fifty melodies composed by The Beatles , results show th a t the use of both pitch and rhythm during the retrieval process significantly improves retrieval results over networks that only use either pitch o r rhythm. Additionally, queries that are aligned along phrase boundaries are retrieved using significantly fewer notes than those that are not, thus indicating the importance of a human-based approach to melody segmentation. Moreover, depending on query degradation, different melodic features prove more adept at retrieval than others. The experiments presented in this thesis represent the largest empirical test of SONNET-based networks ever performed. As far as we are aware, the combined SONNET-MAP and -ReTREEue networks constitute the first self-organizing CBR system capable of automatic segmentation and retrieval of melodies using various features of pitch and rhythm.
Role of oral streptococci in the pH-dependent carious dentin

The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which oral streptococci or lactic acid producing bacteria are able to regulate pH value, especially at low pH values associated with dentinal carious activity using a PCR method. One millimeter-thick sections were sliced from 24 extracted carious human molars. The pH values on the tooth sections were evaluated using a pH-imaging microscope. A dentin sample (1×1×1mm) was prepared from the areas with the lowest or highest pH and homogenized to extract bacterial genomic DNA. Specific primers were used for nested PCR to mutans streptococci (MS: Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus). Conserved primers were also used for PCR to lactobacilli and gram positive bacteria. The PCR products were separated by electrophoresis, and then oral bacteria were identified. There was no significant difference between carious and intact dentin in MS identification. However, the frequency of the product amplified by the conserved primers in carious dentin (16/24, 66.7%) was significantly higher than that in intact dentin (2/24, 8.3%), and PCR products demonstrated, by sequence analysis, various bac
Identification of the Gene Encoding Isoprimeverose-producing Oligoxyloglucan Hydrolase in Aspergillus oryzae*

Aspergillus oryzae produces a unique β-glucosidase, isoprimeverose-producing oligoxyloglucan hydrolase (IPase), that recognizes and releases isoprimeverose (α-d-xylopyranose-(1→6)-d-glucopyranose) units from the non-reducing ends of oligoxyloglucans. A gene encoding A. oryzae IPase, termed ipeA, was identified and expressed in Pichia pastoris. With the exception of cellobiose, IpeA hydrolyzes a variety of oligoxyloglucans and is a member of the glycoside hydrolase family 3. Xylopyranosyl branching at the non-reducing ends was vital for IPase activity, and galactosylation at a α-1,6-linked xylopyranosyl side chain completely abolished IpeA activity. Hepta-oligoxyloglucan saccharide (Xyl3Glc4) substrate was preferred over tri- (Xyl1Glc2) and tetra- (Xyl2Glc2) oligoxyloglucan saccharides substrates. IpeA transferred isoprimeverose units to other saccharides, indicating transglycosylation activity. The ipeA gene was expressed in xylose and xyloglucan media and was strongly induced in the presence of xyloglucan endo-xyloglucanase-hydrolyzed products. This is the first study to report the identification of a gene encoding IPase in eukaryotes.
Comparison of Skin Conductance and Skin Resistance Measures for the Detection of Deception

Abstract : Traditional analog polygraph instruments typically record skin resistance (SR), whereas academic psychophysiologists typically record skin conductance (SC) and have argued that SC is superior to SR. The present study tested if SC or SR is more useful for the detection of deception. 336 participants in a previous experiment (DODPI97-P-0016) were tested about their participation in a mock theft. Half of the participants were guilty of committing the theft, and the other half were innocent. Probable-lie polygraph tests (PL) were administered to half of the innocent and half of the guilty participants, and directed-lie tests (DL) were administered to the remaining participants. Participants were paid $30 and were offered an additional $50 to convince the polygraph examiner of their innocence. Digitized recordings of SC subsequently were transformed to SR. A computer measured the amplitudes and other features of SC responses and SR responses to comparison and relevant test questions. Both SC and SR were highly diagnostic of truthfulness and deception, and no evidence was found to favor either SC or SR for either PL or DL polygraph tests. Univariate analyses revealed no differences between SC and SR in their ability to discriminate between truthful and deceptive individuals, and multivariate analysis indicated that either measure might be used in combination with other physiological measures to detect deception. However, these conclusions apply only to SR recordings obtained when a constant-voltage is applied to wet electrodes. Additional research would be needed to compare such laboratory-grade measurements of SC and SR to electrodermal activity as it is measured by traditional analog and newer computerized field polygraphs.
Improving the Manchester Triage System for Pediatric Emergency Care: An International Multicenter Study

Objectives This multicenter study examines the performance of the Manchester Triage System (MTS) after changing discriminators, and with the addition use of abnormal vital sign in patients presenting to pediatric emergency departments (EDs). Design International multicenter study Settings EDs of two hospitals in The Netherlands (2006–2009), one in Portugal (November–December 2010), and one in UK (June–November 2010). Patients Children (<16years) triaged with the MTS who presented at the ED. Methods Changes to discriminators (MTS 1) and the value of including abnormal vital signs (MTS 2) were studied to test if this would decrease the number of incorrect assignment. Admission to hospital using the new MTS was compared with those in the original MTS. Likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratios (DORs), and c-statistics were calculated as measures for performance and compared with the original MTS. To calculate likelihood ratios and DORs, the MTS had to be dichotomized in low urgent and high urgent. Results 60,375 patients were included, of whom 13% were admitted. When MTS 1 was used, admission to hospital increased from 25% to 29% for MTS ‘very urgent’ patients and remained similar in lower MTS urgency levels. The diagnostic odds ratio improved from 4.8 (95%CI 4.5–5.1) to 6.2 (95%CI 5.9–6.6) and the c-statistic remained 0.74. MTS 2 did not improve the performance of the MTS. Conclusions MTS 1 performed slightly better than the original MTS. The use of vital signs (MTS 2) did not improve the MTS performance.
On a nonlocal problem for fractional integrodifferential inclusions in Banach spaces

This paper investigates a class of fractional functional integrodifferential inclusions with nonlocal conditions in Banach spaces. The existence of mild solutions of these inclusions is determined under mixed continuity and Carathéodory conditions by using strongly continuous operator semigroups and Bohnenblust–Karlin’s fixed point theorem.
A Best Next View Selection Algorithm Incorporating a Quality Criterion

This paper presents a method for solving the Best Next View problem. This problem arises while gathering range data for the purpose of building 3D models of objects. The novelty of our solution is the introduction of a quality criterion in addition to the visibility criterion used by previous researchers. This quality criterion aims at obtaining views that improve the overall range data quality of the imaged surfaces. Results demonstrate that this method selects views which generate reasonable volumetric models for convex, concave and curved objects.
ASL Network Spin Channel Network Input Final Decision Input ( a ) ( b ) " 1 Final Decision " 1

Computational scaling beyond silicon electronics based on Moore’s law requires the adoption of alternate state variables such as electronic spin. Multiple research efforts are underway exploring both Boolean and non-Boolean design space using spin devices in order to make their energy and delay benefits competitive to CMOS. In this paper, we propose spin channel networks (SCN), where the exponential decay property of spin current along the spin channel is exploited to achieve energyefficient dot product implementation for inference applications. As the use of exponentially decaying spin current for analog computation enforces severe locality constraints, we employ Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) to design an ensemble of tiny spin channel networks that work in unison to solve any binary classification task. Such boosted spin channel networks achieve up to 112⇥ and 14⇥ higher energy-efficiency over conventional ASL-based and 20 nm CMOS designs, respectively.
Deriving Phrase-based Language Models 1

Phrase-based language models have grown in popularity since they allow the speech recognition process to make use of more context in recognizing the words. Previous approaches have used perplexity reduction to identify groups of words to be linked into phrases and have used these phrases as the basis for computing the language model probabilities. In this paper, we argue that perplexity reduction is only one of three aspects to be considered in choosing the phrases. We also argue that the chosen phrases should not be the basis for computing the language model probabilities. Rather, the probabilities should bederivedfrom a language model built at the lexical level.
2. Introduction

An investigation of the false discovery rate and the misinterpretation of p-values 1. Summary If you use p = 0.05 to suggest that you have made a discovery, you will be wrong at least 30% of the time. If, as is often the case, experiments are underpowered, you will be wrong most of the time. This conclusion is demonstrated from several points of view. First, tree diagrams which show the close analogy with the screening test problem. Similar conclusions are drawn by repeated simulations of t-tests. These mimic what is done in real life, which makes the results more persuasive. The simulation method is used also to evaluate the extent to which effect sizes are overestimated , especially in underpowered experiments. A script is supplied to allow the reader to do simulations themselves, with numbers appropriate for their own work. It is concluded that if you wish to keep your false discovery rate below 5%, you need to use a three-sigma rule, or to insist on p ≤ 0.001. And never use the word 'significant'. before anything was known of Lydgate's skill, the judgements on it had naturally been divided, depending on a sense of likelihood, situated perhaps in the pit of the stomach or in the pineal gland, and differing in its verdicts, but not less valuable as a guide in the total deficit of evidence. George Eliot (Middlemarch, ch. 45) The standard approach in teaching, of stressing the formal definition of a p-value while warning against its misinterpretation, has simply been an abysmal failure. There has been something of a crisis in science. It has become apparent that an alarming number of published results cannot be reproduced by other people. That is what caused John Ioannidis to write his now famous paper, Why Most Published Research Findings Are False [2]. That sounds very strong. But in some areas
WHAT ARE THE POTENTIAL WAYS TO SOLVE THE ISSUE OF PROFESSIONALIZATION OF RISK BEHAVIOUR PREVENTION IN SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT

The submitted article addresses the issue of professionalization of prevention in school environment as a key topic looked into by the disciplines whose force field is risk behaviour prevention. It addresses the topic from the perspective of current studies, making comparison with experience from the Slovak environment and with challenges set by so called General Educational Programs. A self-standing challenge for the improvement of theory and practice consists in the education of the teachers dealing with prevention. Finally, the article sets the challenges to be addressed with respect to professionalization of prevention in school environment in relation to the actual teachers implementing the prevention, to legislative stipulation of prevention (including a potential profession of social educator), but also to coordination of prevention with other entities.
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Developed and Emerging Markets

We analyzed FDI determinants for 26 developed economies and 25 emerging markets. The analysis was conducted using a panel regression model for the period 1996–2014 as well as macroeconomic and institutional variables. Growth dynamics, increasing welfare, and the size of the market positively influence FDI. Among institutional variables, government stability index and the rule of law index exert positive impact upon FDI. Misgivings with respect to the quality of democracy and corruption do not undermine FDI inflow.
An IntrinsicApproach toFormationControl ofRegular Polyhedra forReducedAttitudes ?

This paper addresses formation control of reduced attitudes in which a continuous control protocol is proposed for achieving and stabilizing all regular polyhedra (also known as Platonic solids) under a unified framework. The protocol contains only relative reduced attitude measurements and does not depend on any particular parametrization as is usually used in the literature. A key feature of the control proposed is that it is intrinsic in the sense that it does not need to incorporate any information of the desired formation. Instead, the achieved formation pattern is totally attributed to the geometric properties of the space and the designed inter-agent connection topology. Using a novel coordinates transformation, asymptotic stability of the desired formations is proven by studying stability of a constrained nonlinear system. In addition, a methodology to investigate stability of such constrained systems is also presented.
A Spatial Game for Access Points Placement in Cognitive Radio Networks with Multi-Type Service

This paper studies the problem of determining locations of Secondary Access Points (SAPs) which belong to two competitive service providers in a certain region. SUs connect to the SAP according to their preferences. A key feature of our modeling approach is that it permits SAPs to set \textit{discriminatory powers} for SUs, that is, SUs in different locations will be scheduled with different transmission powers. The profit maximizing SAPs compete with each other by setting locations and delivered power schedules to attract SUs, taking into account the impact of the revenue obtained and the power cost incurred. To study this competitive situation, an appropriate extensive form game is defined. The game can be viewed as two-staged. The selection of transmission powers by the SAPs can be investigated for each pair of locations. Then, the problem of location choice can be analyzed, anticipating what transmission powers will be chosen. We make an important observation: the Nash equilibrium of the game exists and the global revenue maximum strategy is a Nash equilibrium strategy. An example demonstrating how to place SAPs in a linear region is presented.
The Use of HLA A2.1/p53 Peptide Tetramers to Visualize the Impact of Self Tolerance on the TCR Repertoire1

p53 is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy since it is overexpressed in half of all tumors. However, it is also expressed in normal lymphoid tissue, and self tolerance leaves a p53-specific repertoire purged of high avidity CTL. To better understand the mechanism of tolerance and the basis for such low avidity interaction, p53-specific CTL from p53 deficient (p53−) and sufficient (p53+) A2.1/Kb transgenic mice were compared with respect to their ability to bind HLA-A2.1 tetramers containing cognate murine p53 peptide Ag, p53 261–269. Since the murine CD8 molecule cannot interact with human HLA-A2.1, this tests the ability of the TCR to bind the A2.1/peptide complex tetramer. CTL from p53− mice demonstrated strong binding of such A2.1/p53 261–269 tetramers; however, the CTL from tolerant p53+ mice were devoid of tetramer-binding CD8+ T cells. Examination of TCR expression at the clonal level revealed that CTL from p53+ and p53− mice each expressed comparable levels of the p53-specific TCR. These results indicate that normal expression of p53 promotes elimination of T cells expressing TCRs with sufficient affinity to achieve stable binding of the A2.1/p53 261–269 tetramers.
The impact of work motivation and competence on employee performance through service quality in administrative staff of Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia

This study aims to examine the influence of employee motivation and competence on the performance and also to assess the effect of employee motivation and competence towards its performance through service quality variables. The sample used in this study was 120 employees spread across work units at University of Negeri Jakarta. The method used in this research was Structural Equation Model (SEM) with Lisrel analysis tool software. The research proves that 3 hypotheses from 5 hypotheses were accepted, namely, employee competence affected service quality, employee motivation influenced employee performance, and service quality affected employee performance. While on the other hand, the two hypotheses were rejected; employee motivation could not influence service quality and employee competence was not able to affect work performance.
Gaining from technology for improved dairy cow nutrition: Economic, environmental, and animal health benefits

ABSTRACT Most dairy farms have the potential to increase profitability by improving the ration fed to the herd and the precision with which it is delivered. An integrated technology focused on improved feed conversion efficiency, the Keenan Mechffiber system, is discussed as an opportunity to improve farm profitability, animal health and well-being, and environmental sustainability of dairy production. Margin gains averaging around $180 per cow annually have been achieved with French and United Kingdom herds within 1 yr of adopting the Keenan Mech-fiber system in each of the years from 2006 to 2009. Gains by herds in France were larger than those in the United Kingdom. The key performance indicator underlying these gains was feed conversion efficiency, whereby the same or a smaller amount of feed DMI generated greater yields of milk solids per cow. The gains were associated with large improvements in animal health and substantial decreases in greenhouse gases per unit of milk produced. The nutrition system generating these gains is applicable in all places where dairy cows are fed mixed rations.
Measuring Security Investment Benefit for COTS Based Systems-A Stakeholder Value Driven Approach

This paper presents the Threat Modeling method based on Attacking Path Analysis (T-MAP) which quantifies security threats by calculating the total severity weights of relevant attacking paths for Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) based systems. Compared to existing approaches, T-MAP is sensitive to an organization’s business value priorities and IT environment. It distills the technical details of thousands of relevant software vulnerabilities into management-friendly numbers at a high-level. In its initial usage in a large IT organization, T-MAP has demonstrated significant strength in prioritizing and estimating security investment effectiveness, as well as in evaluating the security performance of COTS systems. In the case study, we demonstrate the steps of using T-MAP to analyze the cost-effectiveness of how system patching, user account control and firewall can improve security. In addition, we introduce a software tool that automates the T-MAP.
Biology of parainfluenza viruses

Parainfluenza virus types 1 to 4 (PIV1 to PIV4) are important human pathogens that cause upper and lower respiratory tract infections, especially in infants and children. PIV1, PIV2, and PIV3 are second only to respiratory syncytial virus as a cause of croup in young children. Although some clinical symptoms are typical of PIVs, etiologic diagnosis always requires detection of infectious virus, viral components, or an antibody response. PIVs are typical paramyxoviruses, causing a syncytial cytopathic effect in cell cultures; virus growth can be confirmed either by hemadsorption or by using immunological reagents. Currently, PIV is most often diagnosed by demonstrating viral antigens in clinical specimens by rapid and highly sensitive immunoassays. More recently, PCR has been used for the detection of PIVs. Serological diagnosis is made by detecting a rising titer of immunoglobulin G or by demonstrating immunoglobulin M antibodies. PIVs infect species other than humans, and animal models are used to study the pathogenesis of PIV infections and to test candidate vaccines. Accumulating knowledge on the molecular structure and mechanisms of replication of PIVs has accelerated research on prevention and treatment. Several strategies for vaccine development, such as the use of live attenuated, inactivated, recombinant, and subunit vaccines, have been investigated, and it may become possible to prevent PIV infections in the near future.