Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interdependence of Saccadic and Fixational Fluctuations

Recent research suggests that the different components of eye movements (fixations, saccades) are not strictly separate but are interdependent processes. This argument rests on observations that gaze-step sizes yield unimodal distributions and exhibit power-law scaling, indicative of interdependent processes coordinated across timescales. The studies that produced these findings, however, employed complex tasks (visual search, scene perception). Thus, the question is whether the observed interdependence is a fundamental property of eye movements or emerges in the interplay between cognitive processes and complex visual stimuli. In this study, we used a simple eye movement task where participants moved their eyes in a prescribed sequence at several different paces. We outlined diverging predictions for this task for independence versus interdependence of fixational and saccadic fluctuations and tested these predictions by assessing the spectral properties of eye movements. We found no clear peak in the power spectrum attributable exclusively to saccadic fluctuations. Furthermore, changing the pace of the eye movement sequence yielded a global shift in scaling relations evident in the power spectrum, not just a localized shift for saccadic fluctuations. These results support the conclusion that fixations and saccades are interdependent processes.
Trends and the future of postgraduate medical education

Where is the present flurry of activity in medical education leading and what sort of future is envisaged? This paper looks at trends in postgraduate medical education. Four themes and two trends for each theme have been identified. The themes are: the postgraduate medical curriculum, the application of learning technologies, assessment of competence, and professionalism in medical education. The trends are: outcome based education and a unitary approach to medical education; the use of simulators and e-learning; competency and performance based assessment, and portfolios and self assessment; and training the trainer and best evidence medical education. Any limitations in implementing change will likely result from a lack of imagination in those planning postgraduate medical education and their ability to bring about the necessary changes. To avoid a growing gap developing between what is possible educationally and what is delivered, it is clear that we need a new paradigm for postgraduate medical education.
A Generalized Framework for Protein Sequence Annotation

Motivation: Over the last decade several prediction methods have been developed for determining structural and functional properties of individual protein residues using sequence and sequencederived information. These protein residue annotation problems are often formulated as either classification or regression problems and solved using a common set of techniques. Methods: We developed a generalized protein sequence annotation toolkit (PROSAT) for solving classification or regression problems using support vector machines. The key characteristic of our method is its effective use of window-based information to capture the local environment of a protein sequence residue. This window information is used with several kernel functions available within our framework. We show the effectiveness of using the previously developed normalized second order exponential kernel function and experiment with local window-based information at different levels of granularity. Results: We report empirical results on a diverse set of classification and regression problems: prediction of solvent accessibility, secondary structure, local structure alphabet, transmembrane helices, DNA-protein interaction sites, contact order, and regions of disorder are all explored. Our methods show either comparable or superior results to several state-of-the-art application tuned prediction methods for these problems. PROSAT provides practitioners an efficient and easy-to-use tool for a wide variety of annotation problems. The results of some of these predictions can be used to assist in solving the overarching 3D structure prediction problem. Availibility: http://bio.dtc. umn.edu/monster Contact: rangwala@cs.umn.edu
Video diver: generic video indexing with diverse features

Semantic video indexing is critical for practical video retrieval systems and a generic and scalable indexing framework is a must for indexing a large semantic lexicon with over 1000 concepts present. This paper fully explores the idea of incorporating many kinds of diverse features into a single framework, combining them altogether to obtain larger degree of invariance which is absent in any of the component features, and thus achieves genericness and scalability. We scale down the formidable computational expense with a clever design of the classification and fusion schemes. To be specific, ~20 kinds of diverse features are extracted to capture limited yet complementary variance in color, texture and edge with spatial constraints implicitly integrated, and over 100 classifiers are built subsequently and fused to produce a generic detector. The extensive experiments on a total of 310 hours of TRECVID news videos show that the proposed framework yields significantly improved performance over that of the best single feature across a variety of concepts. Moreover, a benchmark comparison demonstrates that this approach is state-of-the-art. Meanwhile, the proposed approach generalizes well over previously unseen programs and stations and scales well to a lexicon of over 300 concepts in the LSCOM [18] ontology.
Document Modeling Using Syntactic and Semantic Information

This paper proposes a novel document representation model that considers both semantic and syntactic information. The proposed model combines syntactic and semantic components using, respectively, syntactic dependency trees and a word sense disambiguation algorithm. The suitability of the proposed model has been demonstrated through an application of document clustering. The results show that the incorporation of semantic information in syntactic dependency trees improves the quality of the clustering solution compared with documents modeled by syntactic dependency trees only.
Searching for the missing pieces between the hospital and primary care: mapping the patient process during care transitions

Background Safe patient transitions depend on effective communication and a functioning care coordination process. Evidence suggests that primary care physicians are not satisfied with communication at transition points between inpatient and ambulatory care, and that communication often is not provided in a timely manner, omits essential information, or contains ambiguities that put patients at risk. Objective Our aim was to demonstrate how process mapping can illustrate current handover practices between ambulatory and inpatient care settings, identify existing barriers and facilitators to effective transitions of care, and highlight potential areas for quality improvement. Methods We conducted focus group interviews to facilitate a process mapping exercise with clinical teams in six academic health centres in the USA, Poland, Sweden, Italy, Spain and the Netherlands. Findings At a high level, the process of patient admission to the hospital through the emergency department, inpatient care, and discharge back in the community were comparable across sites. In addition, the process maps highlighted similar barriers to providing information to primary care physicians, inaccurate or incomplete information on referral and discharge, a lack of time and priority to collaborate with counterpart colleagues, and a lack of feedback to clinicians involved in the handovers. Conclusions Process mapping is effective in bringing together key stakeholders and makes explicit the mental models that frame their understanding of the clinical process. Exploring the barriers and facilitators to safe and reliable patient transitions highlights opportunities for further improvement work and illustrates ideas for best practices that might be transferrable to other settings.
Identification of Staphylococcus aureus virulence genes in a murine model of bacteraemia using signature‐tagged mutagenesis

Signature‐tagged mutagenesis with transposon Tn917 was used to identify genes of Staphylococcus aureus required for virulence in a murine model of bacteraemia. Screening 1248 mutant strains in pools of 96 resulted in the provisional identification of 50 mutants attenuated in virulence. Subsequent individual analysis of many of these mutants confirmed that they are attenuated in virulence. DNA sequence analysis of regions flanking their transposon insertion points revealed that approximately half of them represent genes with unknown function, while most of the remainder are involved in nutrient biosynthesis and cell surface metabolism. Three mutants were found with transposon insertions in different positions in femA, and one mutant had an insertion in femB. Both femA and femB are involved in the formation of cell wall peptidoglycan pentaglycine cross‐bridges. A further mutation occurred in a previously unknown gene that shares significant similarity to femB. Mutations were also obtained in recA and lsp (encoding the S. aureus prolipoprotein signal peptidase). On the basis of sequence similarities to proteins of known function, the products of other genes are probably involved in the synthesis of diaminopimelic acid (a component of peptidoglycan), maintenance of surface adhesins and cell surface membrane transport, showing that many components of the S. aureus cell surface are critical for the survival and replication of this pathogen in blood.
Small molecule inhibitors in children with malignant gliomas

Pediatric high grade gliomas (HGG) remain difficult to cure despite recent advances in imaging, neurosurgery, and radiation. Current treatment modalities have demonstrated only modest survival benefit. Research utilizing molecular biologic techniques reveals that the phenotype of HGG is complex and results from dysregulation of numerous inter‐related cellular pathways. Knowledge of potential molecular targets along dysregulated pathways has led to the development of novel and highly specific targeted therapies, which include small molecule inhibitors. This article will review small molecule inhibition of cellular pathways involved in gliomagenesis, challenges to small molecule therapy, and future directions in the use of this therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:312–317. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Social Balance and Mixed Neighbourhoods in Britain since 1979: A Review of Discourse and Practice in Social Housing

In Britain, current interest in social balance has arisen partly as a response to increased management difficulties in social housing and partly in response to the concepts of the underclass and social exclusion. Social balance is now endorsed in some, but not all, the relevant urban policy statements of the New Labour government elected in 1997. A modified form of poststructural discourse analysis offers the best way of understanding the term and its implications. The approach focuses on different levels of social reality—the level of a national policy, the level of management and estate upgrading, and the level of the social experience of residents. In doing this, the approach reveals the varied and occasionally contradictory meanings of the term ‘social balance’; it highlights the increasingly common attempts by social housing agencies to control the characteristics of their tenants; and it enables a sceptical assessment of the practical significance of mixed housing estates for poor individuals and households.
Contributing Factors for Acute Illness/Injury from Childhood Pesticide Exposure in North Carolina, USA, 2007–2013

Between 2007 and 2013, there were 685 events with evidence of a relationship between pesticide exposure and acute illness/injury among persons less than 18 years old in North Carolina (United States). Median age of children affected was 4.3 years (range: 0.2–17.9). Distribution by gender was similar across all age groups. One fatality and four high severity events were observed. The greatest proportion (42%) of events had ocular exposures, followed by dermal (25%) and inhalation (18%) exposures. When more than one route of exposure occurred, dermal and ocular routes were the most common (46%). Almost all events took place indoors and 32 events involved contact with pets. Insecticides (53%) and insect repellants (31%) were the most frequent agents contributing to these events. Manual application of pesticides contributed to the greatest number of events (25%), while application through a pressurized can and use of a trigger pump were involved in 21% and 15% of events, respectively. Additional contributors were due to inappropriate storage of pesticides and improper use of the pesticide. These contributing factors can be removed or minimized if pesticides are stored outside the residence or out of the reach of children and pets, and adequate ventilation is ensured whenever pesticides are applied.
A scalable reconfiguration mechanism for fast dynamic reconfiguration

Hardware reconfiguration during run-time provides attractive features like fast adaptivity, high hardware utilisation, and low area consumption due to efficient reuse of hardware components. In this paper, a novel multi-layered reconfiguration mechanism is proposed that allows frequent dynamic reconfiguration at very low latencies. It combines successful existing techniques such as multi-context and partial reconfiguration with new ideas like tag-matching and reconfiguration profiles to one uniform approach. As an important feature, the proposed reconfiguration mechanism is well scalable and can be adapted to given hardware structures easily, thus being applicable to virtually any reconfigurable fabric. In contrast to many existing techniques, it also supports even very heterogeneous architectures found for instance in custom reconfigurable systems. By experimental results, we show that our reconfiguration mechanism provides significantly lower reconfiguration latencies compared to some common existing techniques.
Self-regulation and Self-management in Asthma: Exploring The Role of Illness Perceptions and Treatment Beliefs in Explaining Non-adherence to Preventer Medication

The present study was designed to evaluate the degree to which variations in reported adherence to preventer medication for asthma could be explained by two sets of beliefs: perceptions of asthma and perceptions of asthma medication (beliefs about its necessity and concerns over its use). It also begins the empirical testing of an extended self-regulatory model, which includes treatment beliefs as well as illness perceptions. Using a cross-sectional design, 100 community-based patients completed validated questionnaires assessing their perceptions of asthma, beliefs about preventer inhalers and reported adherence to them. The findings showed that non-adherent behaviours were associated with doubts about the necessity of medication and concerns about its potential adverse effects and with more negative perceived consequences of illness. A hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that socio-demographic and clinical factors explained only a small amount of variance in adherence whereas illness perceptions and treatment beliefs were both more substantial independent predictors. The best fit Amos analysis showed that illness perceptions influenced adherence both directly and indirectly via treatment beliefs, which, in turn, were the strongest predictors. The findings lend preliminary support for an extended self-regulatory model of treatment adherence, which incorporates beliefs about treatment as well as illness perceptions.
A Note on the Viability of Gaseous Ionization in Active Galaxies by Fast Shocks

Morphological and spectroscopic evidence suggests that shocks may affect the spatial and velocity distributions of gas in the narrow-line region (NLR) and the extended NLR of some active galaxies. It thus seemed plausible that shocks may energize the NLR also. The observed emission-line ratios strongly favor photoionization as the heating source for this gas, but it is not clear whether the ionizing radiation is generated in the NLR by "photoionizing shocks" or whether the ionizing radiation originates at the central continuum source. Here I point out that shocks are highly inefficient in producing line emission. Shocks in the NLR can convert at most ~10-6 of the rest mass to ionizing radiation, compared with a maximum conversion efficiency of ~10-1 for the central continuum source. The required mass flow rate through "photoionizing shocks" in the NLR is thus a few orders of magnitude higher than the mass accretion rate required to power the NLR by the central continuum source. Since gravity appears to dominate the NLR cloud dynamics, shocks must lead to an inflow, and the implied high inflow rates can be ruled out in most active galaxies. NLR dynamics driven by a thermal wind or by some jet configurations may produce the mass flux through shocks required for photoionizing shocks to be viable, but the mass flux inward from the NLR must be kept ~100-1000 times smaller. Photoionizing shocks are a viable mechanism in very low luminosity active galaxies if they are highly sub-Eddington (≲10-4) and if they convert mass to radiation with a very low efficiency (≲10-4).
Your Reputation Precedes You: History, Reputation, and the Chrome Malware Warning

Several web browsers, including Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox, use malware warnings to stop people from visiting infectious websites. However, users can choose to click through (i.e., ignore) these malware warnings. In Google Chrome, users click through a fifth of malware warnings on average. We investigate factors that may contribute to why people ignore such warnings. First, we examine field data to see how browsing history affects click-through rates. We find that users consistently heed warnings about websites that they have not visited before. However, users respond unpredictably to warnings about websites that they have previously visited. On some days, users ignore more than half of warnings about websites they've visited in the past. Next, we present results of an online, survey-based experiment that we ran to gain more insight into the effects of reputation on warning adherence. Participants said that they trusted high-reputation websites more than the warnings; however, their responses suggest that a notable minority of people could be swayed by providing more information. We provide recommendations for warning designers and pose open questions about the design of malware warnings.
Characterization of Maintenance Activities Using Linux by Ayelet Israeli Supervised by Prof .

This thesis aims at characterizing software maintenance ac tivities using Linux kernel, based on calculation of different software metrics. We perform our a nalysis and calculation for over 800 versions of the Linux kernel. We perform our analysis using s everal dissections — comparing production and development versions, as well as the new rele as s branch (2.6), and also comparing the core of the kernel to the arch anddriversdirectories. We present the results and the calculated metrics and then try to tie them to the different m aintenance activities and make significant observations about them. We also aim at examining wh ether some of Lehman’s Laws exist in the development of the Linux kernel.
How long will it last?

Not long after I came to the Lister Hill Library in 1995, I went looking through the records to track the history of how certain decisions had been made regarding the implementation of our integrated library system. This was not difficult to do. Reports, memos, correspondence—all were carefully filed and organized. I spent a couple of days going through the files and found not only the specific facts I needed but much else about the preceding decade as well. The half-century history of the Lister Hill Library was easy to read.
A survey of efficient reliability computation using disjoint products approach

Several algorithms have been developed to solve the reliability problem for nonseries-parallel networks using the sum of disjoint products (SDP) approach. This paper provides a general framework for most of these techniques. It reviews methods that help improve computer time and memory requirements in reliability computation. These parameters are generally used to compare SDP algorithms. We also overview three multiple variable inversion algorithms that result in sum of disjoint products expressions with fewer terms than that of algorithms that use only a single-variable inversion. One common network is solved for two-terminal network reliability using each of these algorithms. Finally, we have provided a comparison among these techniques.
Comparison the effect of stump closure by endoclips versus endoloop on the duration of surgery and complications in patients under laparoscopic appendectomy: A randomized clinical trial

Background: Laparoscopic appendectomy is a well-described surgical technique. However, concerns still exist regarding whether the closure of the appendiceal stump should be done with a clip, an endoloop, or other techniques. In this study, the effect of stump closure on duration of surgery and complications by endoclips was compared with endoloop in patients under laparoscopic appendectomy. The study was carried out as a prospective randomized clinical trial between 2013 and 2015 in Shariati Hospital of Tehran. Materials and Methods: Seventy-six patients under laparoscopic appendectomy were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either endoclips or endoloop for stump closure. The results in terms of the operating time, length of hospital stay, and the complications were compared and analyzed between two groups. After collecting the essential data by using a checklist and examination of patients, the data were analyzed with SPSS. Results: The mean age was 23.13 ± 5.07 years and 44.7% of the patients were male. Moreover, in this study, it was seen that the mean duration of surgery was 23.2 min versus 21.5 min in endoloop and endoclips groups, respectively (P = 0.021). There was no difference between hospital stay among two groups (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the complications were same in two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The effect of stump closure with endoloop versus endoclips is not different for complications, but the duration of surgery was shorter in endoclips method. Both methods could be used based on the opinion of the surgeon without expecting a statistically significant difference in the results.
Profile-based optimization of power performance by using dynamic voltage scaling on a PC cluster

Currently, several of the high performance processors used in a PC cluster have a DVS (dynamic voltage scaling) architecture that can dynamically scale processor voltage and frequency. Adaptive scheduling of the voltage and frequency enables us to reduce power dissipation without a performance slowdown during communication and memory access. In this paper, we propose a method of profiled-based power-performance optimization by DVS scheduling in a high-performance PC cluster. We divide the program execution into several regions and select the best gear for power efficiency. Selecting the best gear is not straightforward since the overhead of DVS transition is not free. We propose an optimization algorithm to select a gear using the execution and power profile by taking the transition overhead into account. We have built and designed a power-profiling system, PowerWatch. With this system we examined the effectiveness of our optimization algorithm on two types of power-scalable clusters (Crusoe and Turion). According to the results of benchmark tests, we achieved almost 40% reduction in terms of EDP (energy-delay product) without performance impact (less than 5%) compared to results using the standard clock frequency.