Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Modal Dictionary Learning for Image Separation With Application in Art Investigation

In support of art investigation, we propose a new source separation method that unmixes a single X-ray scan acquired from double-sided paintings. In this problem, the X-ray signals to be separated have similar morphological characteristics, which brings previous source separation methods to their limits. Our solution is to use photographs taken from the front-and back-side of the panel to drive the separation process. The crux of our approach relies on the coupling of the two imaging modalities (photographs and X-rays) using a novel coupled dictionary learning framework able to capture both common and disparate features across the modalities using parsimonious representations; the common component captures features shared by the multi-modal images, whereas the innovation component captures modality-specific information. As such, our model enables the formulation of appropriately regularized convex optimization procedures that lead to the accurate separation of the X-rays. Our dictionary learning framework can be tailored both to a single- and a multi-scale framework, with the latter leading to a significant performance improvement. Moreover, to improve further on the visual quality of the separated images, we propose to train coupled dictionaries that ignore certain parts of the painting corresponding to craquelure. Experimentation on synthetic and real data—taken from digital acquisition of the Ghent Altarpiece (1432)—confirms the superiority of our method against the state-of-the-art morphological component analysis technique that uses either fixed or trained dictionaries to perform image separation.
A Temporal Logic Based Grid Workflow Model and Scheduling Scheme

Recently, grid computing has become a popular technology for large-scale scientific or business computing. Grid workflow system can enhance the flexibility and efficiency of the grid computing. By the virtue of the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of grid environment, grid workflow system requires a resource evaluation and utilization enhancing mechanism to satisfy all kinds of grid resource requirements from workflow instances and ease to build billing system. Motivated by this, we present a novel extended temporal logic based workflow specification (ETLWS) model to meet with the requirements above. The ETLWS extends temporal logic based workflow specification model by injecting resource requirement descriptor. Then, we propose a dynamic workflow scheduling scheme to improve the stability and efficiency of grid workflow system. In particular, we implement a system prototype and present a case study. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the ETLWS model and its corresponding scheduling scheme.
Closed form solutions for the equilibrium probability distribution in the closed Lu-Kumar network under two buffer priority policies

We seek closed form solutions for the equilibrium probability distribution of the two station closed reentrant Lu-Kumar network under two static buffer priority policies. For the last buffer first served (LBFS) policy, an explicit closed form is obtained. For the first buffer first served (FBFS) policy, sufficient structure exists for us to obtain expressions for many states, but a reduced dimension Toeplitz matrix must still be inverted for a complete solution. We use the results to compute the throughput and asymptotic losses of the system.
Optimal Adenosine Stress for Maximum Stress Perfusion, Coronary Flow Reserve, and Pixel Distribution of Coronary Flow Capacity by Kolmogorov–Smirnov Analysis

Background— Different adenosine stress imaging protocols have not been systemically validated for absolute myocardial perfusion and coronary flow reserve (CFR) by positron emission tomography, where submaximal stress precludes assessing physiological severity of coronary artery disease. Methods and Results— In 127 volunteers, serial rest–stress positron emission tomography scans using rubidium-82 with various adenosine infusion protocols identified (1) the protocol with maximum stress perfusion and CFR, (2) test–retest precision in same subject, (3) stress perfusion and CFR after adenosine compared with dipyridamole, (4) heterogeneity of coronary flow capacity combining stress perfusion and CFR, and (5) potential relevance for patients with risk factors or coronary artery disease. The adenosine 6-minute infusion with rubidium-82 injection at 3 minutes caused CFR that was significantly 15.7% higher than the 4-minute adenosine infusion with rubidium-82 injection at 2 minutes and significantly more homogeneous by Kolmogorov–Smirnov analysis for histograms of 1344 pixel range of perfusion in paired positron emission tomographies. In a coronary artery disease cohort separate from volunteers of this study, compared with the 3/6-minute protocol, the 2/4-minute adenosine protocol would potentially have changed 332 of 1732 (19%) positron emission tomographies at low-risk physiological severity CFR ≥2.3 to CFR <2.0, thereby implying high-risk quantitative severity potentially appropriate for interventions but because of suboptimal stress of the 2/4 protocol in some patients. Conclusions— The 6-minute adenosine infusion with rubidium-82 activation at 3 minutes produced CFR that averaged 15.7% higher than that in the 2/4-minute protocol, thereby potentially providing essential information for personalized management in some patients.
Could firewall rules be public - a game theoretical perspective

Firewalls are among the most important components in network security. Traditionally, the rules of the firewall are kept private under the assumption that privacy of the ruleset makes attacks on the network more difficult. We posit that this assumption is no longer valid in the Internet of today due to two factors: the emergence of botnets reducing probing difficulty and second, the emergence of distributed applications where private rules increase the difficulty of troubleshooting. We argue that the enforcement of the policy is the key, not the secrecy of the policy itself. In this paper, we demonstrate through the application of game theory that public firewall rules when coupled with false information (lying) are actually better than keeping firewall rules private, especially when taken in the larger group context of the Internet. Interesting scenarios arise when honest, public firewalls are socially insured by other lying firewalls and networks adopting public firewalls become mutually beneficial to each other. The equilibrium under multiple-network game is socially optimal because the percentage of required lying firewalls in social optimum is much smaller than the percentage in single-network equilibrium and the chance of attacking through firewalls is further reduced to zero. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How General Practitioners Treat Migraine in Children – Evaluation of a Headache Guideline

Migraine is a common illness in children associated with a negative impact on the quality of life. In the Netherlands, treatment of migraine is commonly performed by general practitioners (GPs). The migraine guideline of the Dutch College of General Practitioners recommends inactivity and acetaminophen in patients with migraine who are younger than 18 years of age.
Controlling for Landform Age When Determining the Settlement History of the Kuril Islands

Archaeological investigations of settlement patterns in dynamic landscapes can be strongly biased by the evolution of the Earth's surface. The Kuril Island volcanic arc exemplifies such a dynamic landscape, where landscape‐modifying geological forces were active during settlement, including sea‐level changes, tectonic emergence, volcanic eruptive processes, coastal aggradation, and dune formation. With all these ongoing processes, in this paper we seek to understand how new landscape formation in the Holocene might bias archaeological interpretations of human settlement in the Kurils. Resolving this issue is fundamental to any interpretation of human settlement history derived from the distribution and age of archaeological sites from the region. On the basis of a comparison of landform ages and earliest archaeological occupation ages on those landforms, we conclude that landform creation did not significantly bias our aggregate archaeological evidence for earliest settlement. Some sections of the archipelago have larger proportions of landform creation dates closer to archaeological evidence of settlement and undoubtedly some archaeological sites have been lost to geomorphic processes. However, comparisons between regions reveal comparable archaeological establishment patterns irrespective of geomorphic antiquity.
Leakage inductance of a prototyped single tooth wound synchronous reluctance motor

This paper explores the inductance characteristics present in single tooth wound synchronous reluctance motors, specifically the stator leakage inductance. Despite the nature of the single tooth design resulting in increased air gap harmonic content, having has consequences for the machines' design, performance & operation, the topology has been shown previously to be competitive for high efficiency drives. A key design constraint in the design of synchronous reluctance motors is maximizing the direct axis inductance and minimizing the quadrature axis inductance for a high saliency ratio. The effect of increased leakage inductance on this saliency ratio is explored with emphasis placed on design aspects of such single tooth wound synchronous reluctance motors. It is shown that careful design of the machine is required to maximize the saliency ratio in this machine topology and that the dominant leakage inductance component is the air gap harmonic leakage.
Abstraction of Action Components Unconstrained by Alignment of Haptic Sensing Points

This paper proposes an abstraction method of independent components of human action from haptic information. First, the haptic information is obtained using a haptic device (haptic bilateral system). Second, the action components can be abstracted from the haptic information by using the proposed method. The proposed method achieves abstraction of the action components unconstrained by the alignment of sensing points with simple calculations. The proposed method is applied for grasping and manipulation motions by two- and three-finger robots. The validity of the proposed method is shown by the experimental results.
Repository of the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association

As stated by the publishers policy on copyright: “Copyright of all material published in The Journal of Neuroscience remains with the authors. The authors grant the Society for Neuroscience an exclusive license to publish their work for the first 6 months. After 6 months the work becomes available to the public to copy, distribute, or display under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. ”
Emotions in chimpanzee infants: the value of a comparative developmental approach to understand the evolutionary bases of emotion

In this chapter I will discuss the evidence that chimpanzees share with humans many early behaviors (Bard, 1994b, in press, submitted; Bard, Fragaszy, & Visalberghi, 1995; Bard et al., 2003; Bard, Platzman, Lester, & Suomi, 1992; Chevalier-Skolnikoff, 1982; Custance, Whiten, & Bard, 1995; Hallock, Worobey, & Self, 1989a; Hayes & Hayes, 1952; Jacobsen, Jacobsen, & Yoshioka, 1932; Matsuzawa, 2001; Myowa, 1996; Plooij, 1979; Russell, Bard, & Adamson, 1997; Tomasello, Savage-Rumbaugh, & Kruger, 1993; Tomonaga, Okamoto, Myowa-Yamakoshi, & Yamaguchi, 2002; van Lawick-Goodall, 1968; Whiten, 2000; Yerkes & Nissen, 1939; Yerkes & Tomilin, 1935; Yerkes & Yerkes, 1936). I will present summaries of several studies that demonstrate the flexibility in the behavioral repertoire of chimpanzees. The flexibility is illustrated as responsiveness to different social environments. Moreover, these studies illustrate the similarities between chimpanzees and humans that are especially apparent during the early postnatal period of life. One of the main points I wish to make throughout this chapter, is that the process of development is epigenetic, that is the interaction of environmental and endogenous factors is apparent already in the first days of life. It is the interaction of individual characteristics and environmental regularities that results in most aspects of behavior, including emotional behavior, even in the first 30 days of life, and even in chimpanzees. There is not a single developmental pathway for chimpanzees, or for humans, e.g. (Greenfield, Keller, Fuligni, & Maynard, 2003). For each individual, whether human or chimpanzee, the environment in which they live has a great impact. The flexibility built in by evolution allows for individuals to develop differently in interaction with environmental conditions, which include both social and non-social factors (Bruner, 1972; Kagan, 2003). “The point is that epigenesis begins at conception, not birth” (Chisholm, 1989, p.353)
Dominant Negative lptE Mutation That Supports a Role for LptE as a Plug in the LptD Barrel

ABSTRACT Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major outer leaflet constituent of the Gram-negative outer membrane (OM) bilayer. A bipartite protein complex of LptD and LptE assembles LPS into the OM. It has been established that LptE assists folding and assembly of its β-barrel partner LptD, yet reported biochemical evidence suggested additional LptE functions. Here, we isolated dominant negative lptE mutations, seeking to inform these functions. The lptE14 mutation increased OM permeability to erythromycin, even when the wild-type lptE gene was present. We show that the lptE14 mutation does not cause a defect in either LptD assembly or LPS export. A spontaneous IS1 insertion in secA suppressed lptE14 erythromycin sensitivity by removing the C-terminal SecB-binding domain of SecA. While this suppressor mutation broadly impeded SecB-dependent secretion of preproteins, we show that suppression was a direct and specific consequence of reduced LptD levels in the OM. We suggest that lptE14 causes poor plugging of the LptD β barrel and that a reduction of ineffectively plugged LptD-LptE14 complexes in the OM decreases permeability to erythromycin. Hence, lptE14 supports a proposed plug-and-barrel LptE-LptD arrangement.
Intelligence, Executive Functions, and Decision Making as Predictors of Antisocial Behavior in an Adolescent Sample of Justice-Involved Youth and a Community Comparison Group

A clinical sample of justice-involved male adolescents and a community comparison group were compared on a battery of cognitive ability tasks (intelligence and executive functions), decision making measures, and other individual difference measures, including ratings of self-control, recognition of morally debatable behaviors, and antisocial beliefs. The clinical sample displayed lower performance on cognitive abilities and decision making than the community comparison group. In particular, the clinical group displayed less otherside thinking and more hostile attribution biases in unintentional situations compared with the community comparison group. Cognitive abilities and the decision making performance predicted group membership. Then, group membership, ratings of self-control, attitudes about morally debatable behaviors, and antisocial beliefs predicted ratings of antisocial behavior in the full sample. These findings suggest that measures of cognitive ability and decision making make separate contributions to explaining antisocial behaviors. In addition, the predictors of group membership and antisocial behavior did not overlap, suggesting that antisocial behavior engagement in clinical samples may be separable from the continuum of antisocial behavior across the full sample. Cognitive science models of decision making can provide a framework for understanding antisocial behavior in clinical and community samples of adolescents
Evolution of an intricate J-protein network driving protein disaggregation in eukaryotes

Hsp70 participates in a broad spectrum of protein folding processes extending from nascent chain folding to protein disaggregation. This versatility in function is achieved through a diverse family of J-protein cochaperones that select substrates for Hsp70. Substrate selection is further tuned by transient complexation between different classes of J-proteins, which expands the range of protein aggregates targeted by metazoan Hsp70 for disaggregation. We assessed the prevalence and evolutionary conservation of J-protein complexation and cooperation in disaggregation. We find the emergence of a eukaryote-specific signature for interclass complexation of canonical J-proteins. Consistently, complexes exist in yeast and human cells, but not in bacteria, and correlate with cooperative action in disaggregation in vitro. Signature alterations exclude some J-proteins from networking, which ensures correct J-protein pairing, functional network integrity and J-protein specialization. This fundamental change in J-protein biology during the prokaryote-to-eukaryote transition allows for increased fine-tuning and broadening of Hsp70 function in eukaryotes. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.24560. 001
Theory of BAR games

Distributed systems that span multiple administrative domains require protocols that tolerate both Byzantine and selfish nodes. This paper offers a theory that can be used to analyze such protocols. The theory systematically extends traditional game theory solution concepts through an ex ante analysis that incorporates a rational player’s awareness of the possible presence of Byzantine players in the player’s utility function. We illustrate our approach by modeling synchronous Terminating Reliable Broadcast as a game. We show that Dolev and Strong’s Byzantine TRB protocol with message authentication is not a Nash equilibrium and that rational deviations from it may lead to violation of the TRB safety properties. We present a new TRB protocol with the same asymptotic complexity of Dolev-Strong and prove it to be a Nash equilibrium. Finally, we prove that (k-t) robustness, a recently proposed solution concept for games with Byzantine and rational players, cannot yield an equilibrium in games, such as our TRB game, that model systems where any node may crash and communication is necessary and incurs cost.
Intracellular transport of pancreatic zymogens during caerulein supramaximal stimulation.

Rats infused with a dose of the secretagogue caerulein that is in excess of that which stimulates a maximal rate of pancreatic digestive enzyme secretion develop acute edematous pancreatitis. We have previously noted that infusion of this dose of caerulein (5 micrograms . kg-1 . h-1) induces the appearance of large heterogeneous vacuoles in acinar cell, blockade of exocytosis, and intracellular accumulation of digestive zymogens [O. Watanabe et al. Am. J. Physiol. 246 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 9): G457-G467, 1984 and A. Saluja et al. Am. J. Physiol. 249 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 12): G702-G710, 1985]. The current studies were performed to further elucidate these phenomena at the electron microscopic level of resolution and employed the techniques of pulse labeling, radioautography, and immunolocalization. Rats were infused with caerulein (5 micrograms . kg-1 . h-1) for 1 h, given a pulse of [3H]phenylalanine, and killed at selected times during the subsequent 5- to 180-min postpulse period during which caerulein infusion was continued. Transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi cisternae was not altered by supramaximal stimulation, but transport through post-Golgi elements was altered. In particular, the maturation of condensing vacuoles into zymogen granules was found to be impaired. This led to the accumulation of partially condensed vacuoles and to the development of the large vacuoles containing newly synthesized digestive zymogens as well as the lysosomal hydrolase cathepsin D. The source of the latter could be impaired sorting of lysosomal and digestive enzymes and/or fusion of vacuoles with lysosomes. At the later times after pulse labeling, mature zymogen granules were also found to fuse with these large cathepsin D-containing vacuoles by a process analogous to crinophagy. Thus these studies indicate that the large heterogeneous vacuoles that appear during supramaximal secretagogue stimulation and that contain admixed digestive zymogens and lysosomal hydrolases arise by at least two mechanisms, impaired condensing vacuole maturation and crinophagy.
Design space exploration for field programmable compressor trees

The Field Programmable Compressor Tree (FPCT) is a programmable compressor tree (e.g., a Wallace or Dadda Tree) intended for integration in an FPGA or other reconfigurable device. This paper presents a design space exploration (DSE) method that can be used to identify the best FPCT architecture for a given set of arithmetic benchmark circuits; in practice, an FPGA vendor can use the design space exploration to tailor the FPCT to meet the needs of the most important benchmark circuits of the vendor's largest-volume clients. One novel feature of the DSE is the introduction of a metric called I/O utilization; we found that I/O utilization has a strong correlation with both the critical path delay and area of the benchmark circuits under study. Pruning the search space using I/O utilization allowed us to reduce significantly the number of FPCTs that must be synthesized and evaluated during the DSE, while giving high confidence that the best architectures are still explored. The DSE was applied to seven small-to-medium range benchmark circuits; one FPCT architecture was found that was 30% faster than the second best in terms of critical path delay, and only 3.34% larger than the smallest.
Detection of Mycobacterium ulcerans in environmental samples during an outbreak of ulcerative disease

Mycobacterium ulcerans is an environmental bacterium which causes chronic skin ulcers. Despite significant epidemiological evidence to suggest that water is the source of infection, the organism has never been identified in the environment. Environmental water samples were collected from a small town in which an outbreak of 29 cases had occurred in a 3-year period. These were examined by mycobacterial culture and PCR amplification. Similar to previous studies, M. ulcerans was not cultured from the water samples. However, five samples were positive for M. ulcerans by PCR. These samples were collected from a swamp and a golf course irrigation system within the outbreak area. This is the first time that M. ulcerans has been demonstrated to be present in the environment and supports the postulated epidemiology of disease due to this organism.
A VARIATIONAL INEQUALITY FOR A CLASS OF MEASUREMENT FEEDBACK ALMOST-DISSIPATIVE CONTROL PROBLEMS

Abstract In this paper, an optimal measurement feedback control problem that yields an almost-dissipative closed loop system is considered. Using information state ideas and the definition of the optimal cost presented, a dynamic programming equation is derived. Incremental analysis yields a corresponding variational inequality (VI) which naturally generalizes the information state based partial differential equation (PDE) associated with measurement feedback nonlinear H-infinity control. In theory, this variational inequality can be used to synthesize an optimal measurement feedback controller which guarantees that the closed loop system almost satisfies a given dissipation property. This “almost-dissipation” property admits a weaker form of stability for the closed loop system, allowing presistence of excitation in the absence of disturbance inputs. Finally, certainty equivalence control is investigated as a special case of the results presented.