Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamique d'une economie regionale en developpement au sein de la communaute europeenne

This paper examines the transitional dynamic of a poor region during its development proces. In order to achieve this goal, the paper use a simple model of growth whose the main particularity is to employ a Stone-Geary form to caracterize the preferences. The model predicts two kinds of alternative situations for the region : a stagnation or a growth regime. The presence of the economy in one of this two regimes is not explained only by history but has other origins such as public policies whose importance are reinforces once the region has begun its takeoff.
Primary cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma: how useful is the new European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) classification?

The classification of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma has undergone extensive revision in recent years, particularly with the development of immunophenotypic and genotypic criteria. While most general pathologists now rely upon the Revised European and American Classification of Lymphoma neoplasms (REAL), the cutaneous lymphoma project group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) has put forward its own proposal for the classification of primary cutaneous lymphomas. While this is understandable in the context of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, the EORTC classification of primary cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma has proved more controversial: first, because chromosomal changes are largely excluded; secondly, because follicle centre cell lymphoma in the skin is imprecisely defined; and thirdly, because large B‐cell lymphoma of the leg is included as a separate entity. This review identifies the main differences between the two systems of classifying B‐cell lymphomas in the skin, and the areas of research required to clarify some of the outstanding issues. Pathologists are unlikely to adopt the EORTC proposals for B‐cell neoplasms until these issues have been resolved.
Modulation for Three-Phase Transformerless Z-Source Inverter to Reduce Leakage Currents in Photovoltaic Systems

In this paper, a modified Z-source inverter (ZSI) with specific modulation techniques is proposed to reduce leakage currents in three-phase transformerless photovoltaic (PV) systems. The new topology only requires an additional fast-recovery diode when compared with the original structure. On the other hand, the pulsewidth modulation technique is entirely modified in order to reduce the leakage currents through the conduction path. Simulation results for the three-phase transformerless PV system operating in two cases, i.e., connected to a grid and connected to a grounded RL load, are presented. Experimental results of leakage currents in three-phase ZSIs connected to a RL load are obtained to validate the theoretical and simulation models.
A performance analysis of alternative multi-attribute declustering strategies

During the past decade, parallel database systems have gained increased popularity due to their high performance, scalability and availability characteristics. With the predicted future database sizes and the complexity of queries, the scalability of these systems to hundreds and thousands of processors is essential for satisfying the projected demand. Several studies have repeatedly demonstrated that both the performance and scalability of a paralel database system is contingent on the physical layout of data across the processors of the system. If the data is not declustered properly, the execution of an operator might waste resources, reducing the overall processing capability of the system. With earlier, single attribute declustering strategies, such as those found in Tandem, Teradata, Gamma, and Bubba parallel database systems, a selection query including a range predicate on any attribute other than the partitioning attribute must be sent to all processors containing tuples of the relation. By directing a query with minimal resource requirements to processors that contain no relevant tuples, the system wastes CPU cycles, communication bandwidth, and I/O bandwidth, reducing its overall processing capability. As a solution, several multi-attribute declustering strategies have been proposed. However, the performance of these declustering techniques have not previously been compared to one another nor with a single attribute partitioning strategy. This paper, compares the performance of Multi-Attribute GrId deClustering (MAGIC) strategy and Bubba's Extended Range Declustering (BERD) strategy with one another and with the range partitioning strategy. Our results indicate that MAGIC outperforms both range and BERD in all experiments conducted in this study.
Notched Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna integrated with a single diode rectifier for energy-harvesting prosthetic leg

In this paper, we describe an RF energy-harvesting circuit printed on a single FR4 substrate to ensure compact and low profile design at 2.1 GHz. The circuit integrates a notched Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna (CMPA) with a fully matched single diode rectifier to form an efficient rectifying antenna. By cutting two electrically small triangular notches, at 457#x00B0; and 315#x00B0; of the patch, it is possible to cut-out the 2nd and 3rd harmonics generated by the single diode rectifier, thereby eliminating the need to use the complicated and lossy 0.5 dB ripple Chebyshev low pass filter at the input of the rectifier. In this way, we achieved 2.7V DC=OUT by measurement, a value which is 4 times larger than conventional 0.65V DC=OUT at ≤ 0dBm RF incidence. The proposed rectenna circuit is worn as fabric on a prosthetic leg to provide power for the patient's batteryless health monitoring sensor radio.
Public health in action: effective school health needs renewed international attention

School health programmes as a platform to deliver high-impact health interventions are currently underrated by decision makers and do not get adequate attention from the international public health community. We describe the award-winning Fit for School Approach from the Philippines as an example of a large-scale, integrated, cost-effective and evidence-based programme that bridges the gap between sectors, and between evidence and practice. In view of the challenges to achieve the health and education related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in many countries, intensified efforts are required. We present the Fit for School Action Framework as a realistic and tested approach that helps to make schools places of public health for children and wider communities.
Effects of natural and artificial Thalassia on rates of sedimentation

ABSTRACT Sediment traps were used to measure the rate of deposition in a Thalassia seagrass meadow and in an adjacent (sandy) grass-free area. The average depositional rate of mud in the Thalassia bed was 4.96 g trap-1 week-1, and in the sandy area, it was 3.04 g trap-1 week-1 in the summer. In winter, these rates were 1.60 and 1.50 g mud trap-1 week -1, respectively. Electromagnetic current-meter measurements showed that the mean flow velocity in the grass-free area is higher than in the seagrass area. Therefore, the increased depositional rate of mud within the seagrass is due to slowing of water currents by the grass blades. Confirmation of the blade baffle effect was obtained by placing a 1-m2 plot of artificial Thalassia in a grass-free area. Sediment traps in the artificial Thalassia contained 5.45 g mud trap-1 week-1 as compared to 3.04 g mud trap-1 week-1 in the adjacent grassfree area in summer. In winter, these rates were 1.82 and 1.50 g mud trap-1 week-1, respectively. Epiphytes in the Indian River Lagoon had no detectable effect on the amount of mud deposited in Thalassia beds.
Low serum testosterone and mortality in male veterans.

BACKGROUND Low serum testosterone is a common condition in aging associated with decreased muscle mass and insulin resistance. This study evaluated whether low testosterone levels are a risk factor for mortality in male veterans. METHODS We used a clinical database to identify men older than 40 years with repeated testosterone levels obtained from October 1, 1994, to December 31, 1999, and without diagnosed prostate cancer. A low testosterone level was a total testosterone level of less than 250 ng/dL (<8.7 nmol/L) or a free testosterone level of less than 0.75 ng/dL (<0.03 nmol/L). Men were classified as having a low testosterone level (166 [19.3%]), an equivocal testosterone level (equal number of low and normal levels) (240 [28.0%]), or a normal testosterone level (452 [52.7%]). The risk for all-cause mortality was estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates over a follow-up of up to 8 years. RESULTS Mortality in men with normal testosterone levels was 20.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.2%-24.1%) vs 24.6% (95% CI, 19.2%-30.0%) in men with equivocal testosterone levels and 34.9% (95% CI, 28.5%-41.4%) in men with low testosterone levels. After adjusting for age, medical morbidity, and other clinical covariates, low testosterone levels continued to be associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.34-2.63; P<.001) while equivocal testosterone levels were not significantly different from normal testosterone levels (hazard ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.99%-1.92%; P=.06). In a sensitivity analysis, men who died within the first year (50 [5.8%]) were excluded to minimize the effect of acute illness, and low testosterone levels continued to be associated with elevated mortality. CONCLUSIONS Low testosterone levels were associated with increased mortality in male veterans. Further prospective studies are needed to examine the association between low testosterone levels and mortality.
Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Attenuates Intrarenal Renin-Angiotensin-System and Podocyte Injury in Rats with Myocardial Infarction

The mechanisms and mediators underlying common renal impairment after myocardial infarction (MI) are still poorly understood. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) provides renoprotective effects after MI by preventing augmented intrarenal renin-angiotensin-system (RAS)-induced podocyte injury. Sprague–Dawley rats that underwent ligation of their coronary arteries were treated with losartan (20 mg/kg/d) or vehicle for 3 or 9 weeks. Renal function, histology and molecular changes were assessed. The current study revealed that MI-induced glomerular podocyte injury was identified by increased immunostaining for desmin and p16ink4a, decreased immunostaining for Wilms’ tumor-1 and podocin mRNA expression, and an induced increase of blood cystatin C at both 3 and 9 weeks. These changes were associated with increased intrarenal angiotensin II levels and enhanced expressions of angiotensinogen mRNA and angiotensin II receptor mRNA and protein. These changes were also associated with decreased levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and decreased expressions of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) protein and mRNA and phosphorylated(p)-Akt protein at 9 weeks, as well as increased expressions of 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine at both time points. Treatment with losartan significantly attenuated desmin- and p16ink4a-positive podocytes, restored podocin mRNA expression, and decreased blood cystatin C levels. Losartan also prevented RAS activation and oxidative stress and restored the IGF-1/IGF-1R/Akt pathway. In conclusion, ARBs prevent the progression of renal impairment after MI via podocyte protection, partially by inhibiting the activation of the local RAS with subsequent enhanced oxidative stress and an inhibited IGF-1/IGF-1R/Akt pathway.
Data Mining System, Functionalities and Applications: A Radical Review

Data Mining is the process of locating potentially practical, interesting and previously unknown patterns from a big volume of data. It plays an important role in result orientation. Data mining can be used in each and every aspect of life. The same is similarly significant in other areas including sales/ marketing, revenue services, sports, health care and insurance etc. The said paper implies general idea of data mining system, functionalities and its applications.
EntityAuthority: Semantically Enriched Graph-Based Authority Propagation

This paper pursues the recently emerging paradigm of searching for entities that are embedded in Web pages. We utilize informationextraction techniques to identify entity candidates in documents, map them onto entries in a richly structured ontology, and derive a generalized data graph that encompasses Web pages, entities, and ontological concepts and relationships. We exploit this combination of pages and entities for a novel kind of search-result ranking, coined EntityAuthority, in order to improve the quality of keyword queries that return either pages or entities. To this end, we utilize the mutual reinforcement between authoritative pages and important entities. This resembles the HITS method for Web-graph link analysis and recently proposed ObjectRank methods, but our approach operates on a much richer, typed graph structure with different kinds of nodes and also differs in the underlying mathematical denitions. Preliminary experiments with topic-specic slices of Wikipedia demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on certain classes of queries.
Growth and Leaf Area Index Simulation in Maize (Zea mays L.) Under Small-Scale Farm Conditions in a Sub-Saharan African Region

Different crop models including MAIZE Ceres, STICS and other approaches have been used to simulate leaf area index (LAI) in maize (Zea mays L.). These modeling tools require genotype-specific calibration procedures. Studies on modeling LAI dynamics under optimal growth conditions with yields close to the yield potential have remained scarce. In the present study, logistic and exponential approaches have been developed and evaluated for the simulation of LAI in maize in a savannah region of the DR-Congo. Data for the development and the evaluation of the model were collected manually by non-destructive method from small farmers’ field. The rate of expansion of the leaf surface and the rate of change of leaf senescence were also simulated. There were measurable variations among sites and varieties for the simulated height of maize plants. At all sites, the varieties with short plants were associated with expected superior performance based on simulation data. In general, the model underestimates the LAI based on observed values. LAI values for the genetically improved maize varieties (Salongo 2, MUS and AK) were greater than those of the unimproved local variety (Local). There were significant differences for K, b, Ti, LAI, Tf, and parameters among models and varieties. In all sites and for all varieties, the growth rate (b) was higher, while the rate of senescence (a) was lower compared to STICS estimates.
Use of an Evolutionary Model to Provide Evidence for a Wide Heterogenity of Required Affinities Between Transcription Factors and Their Binding Sites in Yeast

The identification of transcription factor binding sites commonly relies on the interpretation of scores generated by a position weight matrix. These scores are presumed to reflect on the affinity of the transcription factor for the bound sequence. In almost all applications, a cutoff score is chosen to distinguish between functional and non-functional binding sites. This cutoff is generally based on statistical rather than biological criteria. Furthermore, given the variety of transcription factors, it is unlikely that the use of a common statistical threshold for all transcription factors is appropriate. In order to incorporate biological information into the choice of cutoff score, we developed a simple evolutionary model that assumes that transcription factor binding sites evolve to maintain an affinity greater than some factor-specific threshold. We then compared patterns of substitution in binding sites predicted by this model at different thresholds to patterns of substitution observed at sites bound in vivo by transcription factors in S. cerevisiae. Assuming that the cutoff value that gives the best fit between the observed and predicted values will optimally distinguish functional and non-functional sites, we discovered substantial heterogeneity for appropriate cutoff values among factors. While commonly used thresholds seem appropriate for many factors, some factors appear to function at cutoffs satisfied commonly in the genome. This evidence was corroborated by local patterns of rate variation for examples of stringent and lenient p-value cutoffs. Our analysis further highlights the necessity of taking a factor-specific approach to binding site identification.
Monogenic Hypocholesterolaemic Lipid Disorders and Apolipoprotein B Metabolism

The study of apolipoprotein (apo) B metabolism is central to our understanding of human lipoprotein metabolism. Moreover, the assembly and secretion of apoB-containing lipoproteins is a complex process. Increased plasma concentrations of apoB-containing lipoproteins are an important risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. In contrast, decreased levels of, but not the absence of, these apoB-containing lipoproteins is associated with resistance to atherosclerosis and potential long life. The study of inherited monogenic dyslipidaemias has been an effective means to elucidate key metabolic steps and biologically relevant mechanisms. Naturally occurring gene mutations in affected families have been useful in identifying important domains of apoB and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) governing the metabolism of apoB-containing lipoproteins. Truncation-causing mutations in the APOB gene cause familial hypobetalipoproteinaemia, whereas mutations in MTP result in abetalipoproteinaemia; both rare conditions are characterised by marked hypocholesterolaemia. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of apoB in lipoprotein metabolism and to explore the key biochemical, clinical, metabolic and genetic features of the monogenic hypocholesterolaemic lipid disorders affecting apoB metabolism.
Design considerations for an outer rotor, field wound, flux switching machine

This paper considers the design and analysis of a field wound, flux switching motor where both the field and the armature windings are placed on the stator. Different machine topoogies and slot-segment combinations are considered in an attempt to obtain high torque density and fault tolerant performances such as those required in the aerospace industry. The highly demanding application in terms of torque density results in an outer rotor approach being selected. Optimisation with respect to machine geometry is addressed analytically and validated through finite element simulations.
CREB binding to the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 responsive elements in the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter mediates the glucagon effect

Summary Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) controls the regulation of the fibrinolytic system in blood by inhibiting both urokinase-type and tissue-type plasminogen activators. Enhanced levels of PAI-1 are related to pathological conditions associated with hypoxia or hyperinsulinemia. In this study, we investigated the regulation of PAI-1 expression by glucagon and the cAMP/ PKA/CREB signalling pathway in the liver. Stimulation of the cAMP/PKA/CREB signalling cascade by starvation in vivo or glucagon in vitro induced PAI-1 gene expression in liver. Furthermore, this response was associated with enhanced phosphorylation of CREB. By using EMSAs we found that three promoter elements, the HRE2, E-box 4 and E-box 5, were able to bind CREB but only the HRE2 and E5 appeared to be functionally active. Reporter gene assays confirmed that cAMP induced PAI-1 gene transcription via the same element in both human and rat promoters. Interestingly, although the HRE2 was involved, the glucagon/cAMP pathway had no influence on hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) mRNA and protein levels. Thus, CREB binding to the HIF-1 responsive elements in PAI-1 promoter mediates the glucagon effect in the liver.
Localized induction heating for wafer level packaging

Localized induction heating for wafer level packaging is discussed. This paper is to investigate the relationships between the geometry of solder loop and temperature distribution in induction heating. Using finite element method (FEM) and IR thermal imager, temperature distribution and variation are explored, which shows that the temperature on the solder loops is a function of the area and edge width in the induction heating. The temperature difference between the solder loop and its center on PCB is about 180°C, which shows an obvious localized heating effect. Thermal images of circle and square solder array indicate uniform temperature distribution on the PCB in the induction heating. Good agreement between measured and simulated temperature variation have been achieved.
Fresh-Socket Implants of Different Collar Length: Clinical Evaluation in the Aesthetic Zone.

BACKGROUND The aim of this clinical study was to compare clinical evaluations of implants in the aesthetic zone with smooth collars of different length. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-six patients requiring extractions of one, two, or three teeth in the aesthetic zone of the maxilla were enrolled in this study. Ninety-four implants were positioned and were loaded immediately after tooth extraction. Forty-seven implants with a short smooth collar of 0.5 mm (SCI) and 47 implants with a long smooth collar of 1.8 mm (LCI) were utilized in this study and were placed using a nonsubmerged approach. Clinical (gingival index, modified plaque index, modified bleeding index, probing depth, gingival recession) and intraoral digital radiographic parameters were measured at baseline and after 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of healing to evaluate crestal bone loss levels over time. RESULTS After a follow-up period of 36 months, a survival rate of 100% was reported. The SCI group showed a mean bone loss of 1.07 ± 0.38 mm at 12 months and 1.09 ± 0.38 mm at 36 months. The LCI group showed a mean bone loss of 0.46 ± 0.14 mm at 12 months and 0.53 ± 0.12 mm at 36 months. After the 36-month follow-up period, both groups showed stable bone levels over time. Statistically significant differences were found between groups (p < .05). No statistically significant differences were found between SCI and LCI groups with regard to clinical parameters over time. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed significant differences in radiographically observed marginal bone loss between the two types of implant with different smooth-collar lengths, but no differences in gingival vestibular margin outcome were observed.
Performance evaluation of dynamic interference coordination algorithms

Dynamic interference coordination has been widely studied and the core coordination algorithm is the keypoint to determine its performance. However, there lacks a complete performance evaluation of existing coordination algorithms in the literature. This paper focuses on average utility, fairness, and time complexity of various algorithms in homogeneous and heterogeneous 2-cell scenarios. We find that greedy and alternated horse racing achieve both high utility and fairness. Alternated inverse quick pairing reaches high utility and fairness when inter-cell interference (ICI) is not serious. Alternated quick pairing, alternated inverse quick pairing, and alternated horse racing out-perform others in terms of time complexity. To sum up, we conclude that, for the case with serious ICI, alternated horse racing should be promising, while for the case when ICI is not quite serious, alternated inverse quick pairing becomes probably the best choice.