Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Chest Infection in Acute Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background and Purpose— Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after stroke. We aimed to determine key characteristics that would allow prediction of those patients who are at highest risk for poststroke pneumonia. Methods— We studied a series of consecutive patients with acute stroke who were admitted to hospital. Detailed evaluation included the modified National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; the Abbreviated Mental Test; and measures of swallow, respiratory, and oral health status. Pneumonia was diagnosed by set criteria. Patients were followed up at 3 months after stroke. Results— We studied 412 patients, 391 (94.9%) with ischemic stroke and 21 (5.1%) with hemorrhagic stroke; 78 (18.9%) met the study criteria for pneumonia. Subjects who developed pneumonia were older (mean±SD age, 75.9±11.4 vs 64.9±13.9 years), had higher modified National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores, a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lower Abbreviated Mental Test scores, and a higher oral cavity score, and a greater proportion tested positive for bacterial cultures from oral swabs. In binary logistic-regression analysis, independent predictors (P<0.05) of pneumonia were age >65 years, dysarthria or no speech due to aphasia, a modified Rankin Scale score ≥4, an Abbreviated Mental Test score <8, and failure on the water swallow test. The presence of 2 or more of these risk factors carried 90.9% sensitivity and 75.6% specificity for the development of pneumonia. Conclusions— Pneumonia after stroke is associated with older age, dysarthria/no speech due to aphasia, severity of poststroke disability, cognitive impairment, and an abnormal water swallow test result. Simple assessment of these variables could be used to identify patients at high risk of developing pneumonia after stroke.
Effects of Multidisciplinary Team Care on the Survival of Patients with Different Stages of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A National Cohort Study

In Taiwan, cancer is the top cause of death, and the mortality rate of lung cancer is the highest of all cancers. Some studies have demonstrated that multidisciplinary team (MDT) care can improve survival rates of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, no study has discussed the effect of MDT care on different stages of NSCLC. The target population for this study consisted of patients with NSCLC newly diagnosed in the 2005–2010 Cancer Registry. The data was linked with the 2002–2011 National Health Insurance Research Database and the 2005–2011 Cause of Death Statistics Database. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to explore whether the involvement of MDT care had an effect on survival. This study applied the propensity score as a control variable to reduce selection bias between patients with and without involvement of MDT care. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of death of MDT participants with stage III & IV NSCLC was significantly lower than that of MDT non-participants (adjusted HR = 0.87, 95% confidence interval = 0.84-0.90). This study revealed that MDT care are significantly associated with higher survival rate of patients with stage III and IV NSCLC, and thus MDT care should be used in the treatment of these patients.
The Two-Way Interference Channel: Towards a Redesign of Mobile Communication Systems

Full spatial reuse of spectral resources (frequency reuse of 1) is an inevitable consequence of the demanding requirements on mobile communication networks. A prerequisite to obtain full reuse is to either cancel or mitigate inter-cell interference as it otherwise limits the achievable performance. In order to derive new strategies for cellular interference-mitigation, this paper introduces the two-way interference channel and analyzes the achievable uplink-downlink data rates for different inter-cell interference scenarios. Of particular interest is an asymmetric protocol that exploits cross-uplink-downlink interference, i. e. two adjacent cells do not operate simultaneously in uplink or downlink but only one of both is active in uplink and one is active in downlink. Using analytical results, it is shown that under specific conditions this approach provides performance gains over conventional approaches and close to multi-cell MIMO. Although this approach is not able to improve the performance under all channel conditions, it provides a new degree of freedom which might be exploited if inter-cell interference significantly impairs the performance.
Brain Errormonitoring Activity is Affected by Semantic Relatedness: An Event-related Brain Potentials Study

Speakers continuously monitor what they say. Sometimes, self-monitoring malfunctions and errors pass undetected and uncorrected. In the field of action monitoring, an event-related brain potential, the error-related negativity (ERN), is associated with error processing. The present study relates the ERN to verbal self-monitoring and investigates how the ERN is affected by auditory distractors during verbal monitoring. We found that the ERN was largest following errors that occurred after semantically related distractors had been presented, as compared to semantically unrelated ones. This result demonstrates that the ERN is sensitive not only to response conflict resulting from the incompatibility of motor responses but also to more abstract lexical retrieval conflict resulting from activation of multiple lexical entries. This, in turn, suggests that the functioning of the verbal self-monitoring system during speaking is comparable to other performance monitoring, such as action monitoring.
Performance of Constant Quality Video Applications using the DCCP Transport Protocol

In this paper we study the influence the DCCP transport protocol has on the end-user quality of video applications. We consider an application that aims to provide a video of constant quality to the user and introduce a model for such a source. The end-user quality of the application is evaluated in a variety of simulation scenarios
cGMP Accumulation Causes Photoreceptor Degeneration in CNG Channel Deficiency: Evidence of cGMP Cytotoxicity Independently of Enhanced CNG Channel Function

Photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels regulate Ca2+ influx in rod and cone photoreceptors. cGMP, the native ligand of the photoreceptor CNG channels, has been associated with cytotoxicity when its levels rise above normal due to defects in photoreceptor phosphodiesterase (PDE6) or regulation of retinal guanylyl cyclase (retGC). We found a massive accumulation of cGMP in CNGA3-deficient retina and investigated whether cGMP accumulation plays a role in cone degeneration in CNG channel deficiency. The time course study showed that the retinal cGMP level in Cnga3−/−;Nrl−/− mice with CNGA3 deficiency on a cone-dominant background was sharply increased at postnatal day 8 (P8), peaked around P10–P15, remained high through P30–P60, and returned to near control level at P90. This elevation pattern correlated with photoreceptor apoptotic death, which peaked around P15–P20. In Cnga3−/−;Gucy2e−/− mice lacking retGC1, cone density and expression levels of cone-specific proteins were significantly increased compared with Cnga3−/−, consistent with a role of cGMP accumulation as the major contributor to cone death caused by CNG channel deficiency. The activity and expression levels of cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG) were significantly increased in Cnga3−/−;Nrl−/− retina compared with Nrl−/−, suggesting an involvement of PKG regulation in cell death. Our results indicate that cGMP accumulation in photoreceptors can itself exert cytotoxic effect in cones, independently of CNG channel activity and Ca2+ influx.
A comparison of two acoustic measurement approaches to the rhythm continuum of natural Chinese and English speech

The recent interest in investigating the prosodic features of speech rhythm (speech timing patterns) using acoustic measurements instead of just perception has brought about several different metrics. Two of the main approaches are: (1) to compare vocalic segment (Vs) percentage against the standard deviation of consonantal segments (Cs) or (2) to compare the pairwise variability index (PVI) of normalized Vs against the raw PVI of Cs. This study compares and contrasts these two metrics using a large corpus of multi-speaker data of more naturally occurring speech from American English and Mandarin Chinese broadcast news.
Immunohistochemical Localization of Kininogen in Rat Spinal Cord and Brain

Kininogen localization has been determined by immunocytochemistry in rat spinal cord and brain using a kinin-directed kininogen monoclonal antibody. In the spinal cord, there were immunostained neurons and fibers in laminae I, II, VII, and IX, intensely stained fibers in the superficial layers of the dorsal horn, and immunoreactive glial and endothelial cells. Small neurons, satellite cells, and Schwann cells immunostained distinctly in the dorsal root ganglion. In the brain stem, there were immunoreactive neurons and fibers in the tractus solitarius and nucleus, trigeminal spinal tract and nuclei, periaqueductal gray matter, vestibular nuclei, cochlear nuclei, trapezoid body, medial geniculate nucleus, and red nucleus. Immunostained neurons and fibers were also found in cerebellum (dentate nucleus), cerebral cortex (layers III and V), hippocampus (pyramidal cell layer), and corpus callosum. Glia and endothelial cells stained in all brain regions. The widespread location of kininogen in neurons and their processes, as well as in glial and endothelial cells, indicates more than one functional role, including those proposed as a mediator, a calpain inhibitor, and a kinin precursor, in a variety of neural activities and responses.
Further Experiments in Language Translation: A Second Evaluation of the Readability of Computer Translations,

Language translation by computer has been proposed as a solution to the backlog of training and operational manuals awaiting translation by more conventional means. This study reports one of a series of experiments to assess the quality of translations produced by human translators and computers. The type of material under study was technical text (i.e., maintenance manuals) and the translation was from English to Vietnamese. Utility or readability of the translations was assessed by reading comprehension tests, the cloze procedure (in which readers filled in blanks where words had been systematically deleted) and a rating scale for judging clarity. Time to perform each of these tasks was also measured. The subjects were 141 Vietnamese Navy officer candidates and a control group of 57 U.S. Navy officer candidates. A 500-word passage, from a U.S. Navy casualty control instruction, was translated by computer into a rough (un-edited) and a finished (post-edited) version; also, highly competent human translators prepared a Vietnamese text. Some Vietnamese subjects served as controls and took all tests based on the English, or untranslated, version. Major conclusions were: (1) Translations produced by highly qualified humans were consistently more comprehensible than those produced by computer, whether edited or un-edited; post-edited versions of computer produced text were more comprehensible than unedited ones; most differences were not statistically significant; (2) Vietnamese Navy officer candidates were able to read text in English as well as its best Vietnamese version and their test scores were about as high as those of American control subjects. Reading speed was not affected by mode of translation.
Indexing the Results of Sliding Window Queries

A popular method of bounding the memory requirements of queries over data streams is to use a sliding window, where old data are continuously removed as new data arrive. One problem that has not been addressed previously concerns indexing the results of sliding window queries. This is a noteworthy problem because data stream systems often materialize common sub-expressions or final results of similar queries, therefore it is important to allow the queries efficient access into a relevant subset of the materialized result. In this paper, we design and evaluate indexing methods that take advantage of the temporal order in which old answers expire for efficient maintenance and querying of the results. Our techniques allow sharing of indexed results among similar queries, adapt to fluctuating stream arrival rates, and are experimentally shown to perform updates over twice as fast as the existing sliding window indices.
Management of feeding Problem in a Patient with Cleft Lip/Palate

ABSTRACT In a child with cleft lip and/or palate, nutrition is the first priority as for any other child. These children have specific physical limitations. To fulfill their nutritional requirement, these children need modifications in order to thrive and grow. Failure to adjust to these needs could place the children into a potential life-threatening situation. One of the immediate problems to be addressed in a newborn with cleft lip/palate is difficulty in feeding. Nasal regurgitation and choking are common because of inability of the palate to separate the nasal and oral cavities. The case presented here discusses the management of feeding problem in the infant with cleft lip/palate. How to cite this article: Goswami M, Jangra B, Bhushan U. Management of feeding Problem in a Patient with Cleft Lip/ Palate. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(2):143-145.
Audio access to calendars

The rise of 'Web 2.0' has brought a much more interactive aspect to the Web: users are no longer just reading pages, but creating them, modifying them, and interacting with them. The Web is increasingly becoming the preferred means of communication, and particularly booking events and appointments; online personal and corporate diaries allow friends and colleagues to arrange meetings and coordinate activities. Many of these types of online activities require users to perform the apparently simple task of entering a date. For sighted people who have access to pop-up calendars, selecting a date is quick and easy. Unfortunately, this facility is not currently available to people with visual impairments, for whom entering a correctly formatted date can be a difficult and time-consuming task, with mistakes having potentially serious consequences. Here we describe the process by which we designed and evaluated an audio interface for entering dates. An eye-tracking study gave insight into how tabular calendars help sighted people enter dates, This understanding was used to design an audio interface that used the cognitive advantages of the visual design, rather than mimicking the visual representation. Iterative testing was followed by an evaluation using participants with visual impairments that highlighted the problems with manual date entry, and which showed the audio system to be effective and popular.
Comportamentos de coping no contexto da hospitalização infantil

Child hospitalization needs to cope with the stressors that cause anxiety and suffering. Aiming at describing the coping behaviors of hospitalized children and their relationships to age, sex and the reason for hospitalization, 148 responses of children aged 6-12 were analyzed (M = 9.5 years old) to the Coping with Hospitalization Scale, from an integrated database. The results were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Taking some medicine, talking, watching television, praying and playing were the most referred to behaviors. There was a correlation between the coping behaviors and the differences caused by the hospitalization reason. Girls tend to sing more, and demonstrated more crying, sorrow and fear than boys. There were no differences as to age, but persuasion behavior decreases in older children. We suggest that sex, hospitalization reason and age have to be considered in interventions on coping with hospitalization.
The Molecular Basis for the Absence ofN-Glycolylneuraminic Acid in Humans*

N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) is abundantly expressed in most mammals, but it is not detectable in humans. The expression of NeuGc is controlled by cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NeuAc) hydroxylase activity. We previously cloned a cDNA for mouse CMP-NeuAc hydroxylase and found that the human genome contains a homologue. We report here the molecular basis for the absence of NeuGc in humans. We cloned a cDNA for human CMP-NeuAc hydroxylase from a HeLa cell cDNA library. The cDNA encodes a 486-amino acid protein, and its deduced amino acid sequence lacks a domain corresponding to the N-terminal 104 amino acids of the mouse CMP-NeuAc hydroxylase protein, although the human protein is highly identical (93%) to the rest of the mouse hydroxylase protein. The N-terminal truncation of the human hydroxylase is caused by deletion of a 92-base pair-long exon in human genomic DNA. The human hydroxylase expressed in COS-7 cells exhibited no enzymatic activity, and a mouse hydroxylase mutant, which lacks the N-terminal domain, was also inactive. A chimera composed of the human hydroxylase and the N-terminal domain of the mouse hydroxylase displayed the enzyme activity. These results indicate that the human homologue of CMP-NeuAc hydroxylase is inactive because it lacks an N-terminal domain that is essential for enzyme activity. The absence of NeuGc in human glycoconjugates is due to a partial deletion in the gene that encodes CMP-NeuAc hydroxylase.
Review: Epilepsy as an Example of Neural Plasticity

Epilepsy is a devastating disease affecting more than 1% of the population. Yet, if one considers the neurobiological substrates of this disease, what is revealed is an array of phenomenon that exemplify the remarkable capacity for the brain to change its basic structure and function, that is, neural plasticity. Some of these alterations are transient and merely impressive for their extent, or for their robust nature across animal models and human epilepsy. Others are notable for their persistence, often enduring for months or years. As an example, the dentate gyrus, and specifically the principal cell of the dentate gyrus, the granule cell, is highlighted. This area of the brain and this particular cell type, for reasons that are currently unclear, hold an uncanny capacity to change after seizures. For those interested in plasticity, it is suggested that perhaps the best examples for studying plasticity lie in the field of epilepsy.
Exploration électromyographique des muscles paravertébraux

Les travaux de dissection de Bogduk et al. (1) et de Mac Intosh et al. (2) permirent de préciser les modalités d’insertion des différents faisceaux musculaires paravertébraux. Ces auteurs individualisèrent, au sein de la masse commune des muscles érecteurs du tronc, de dedans en dehors, le multifidus, le longissimus et l’iliocostalis (figure 1). L’innervation de la musculature paravertébrale est assurée par le rameau postérieur du nerf rachidien. Le multifidus présente une innervation monosegmentaire particulière : chaque fascicule inséré sur le sommet d’une apophyse épineuse est innervé spécifiquement par le rameau postérieur provenant du même niveau segmentaire (3). Ainsi, par exemple, tous les fascicules du multifidus provenant de l’apophyse épineuse L3 sont innervés par le rameau postérieur de la racine L3. En revanche, les muscles longissimus et iliocostalis présentent une innervation plurisegmentaire avec un chevauchement de deux à quatre myotomes.
Histone Modifications, but Not Nucleosomal Positioning, Correlate with Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Promoter Activity in Different Tissues In Vivo

ABSTRACT To examine the role of chromatin in transcriptional regulation of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I gene, we determined nucleosome occupancy and positioning, histone modifications, and H2A.Z occupancy across its regulatory region in murine tissues that have widely different expression levels. Surprisingly, nucleosome occupancy and positioning were indistinguishable between the spleen, kidney, and brain. In all three tissues, the 200 bp upstream of the transcription start site had low nucleosome occupancy. In contrast, nuclease hypersensitivity, histone modifications, and H2A.Z occupancy showed tissue-specific differences. Thus, tissue-specific differences in MHC class I transcription correlate with histone modifications and not nucleosomal organization. Further, activation of class I transcription by gamma interferon or its inhibition by α-amanitin did not alter nucleosome occupancy, positioning, nuclease hypersensitivity, histone modifications, or H2A.Z occupancy in any of the tissues examined. Thus, chromatin remodeling was not required to dynamically modulate transcriptional levels. These findings suggest that the MHC class I promoter remains poised and accessible to rapidly respond to infection and environmental cues.
Efficacy, Dose‐Response, and Safety of Ondansetron in Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Quantitative Systematic Review of Randomized Placebo‐controlled Trials

Objective: The authors reviewed efficacy and safety data for ondansetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Methods: Systematically searched, randomized, controlled trials (obtained through MEDLINE, EMBASE, Biological Abstracts, manufacturer's database, manual searching of journals, and article reference lists) were analyzed. Relevant end points were prevention of early PONV (within 6 h after surgery) and late PONV (within 48 h) and adverse effects. Relative benefit and number‐needed‐to‐treat were calculated. The number‐needed‐to‐treat indicated how many patients had to be exposed to ondansetron to prevent PONV in one of them who would have vomited or been nauseated had he or she received placebo. Results: Fifty‐three trials were found that had data from 7,177 patients receiving 24 different ondansetron regimens and from 5,712 controls receiving placebo or no treatment. Average early and late PONV incidences without ondansetron were 40% and 60%, respectively. There was a dose response for oral and intravenous ondansetron. Best number‐needed‐to‐treat to prevent PONV with the best documented regimens was between 5 and 6. This was achieved with an intravenous dose of 8 mg and an oral dose of 16 mg. Antivomiting efficacy was consistently better than antinausea efficacy. Efficacy in children was poorly documented. Ondansetron significantly increased the risk for elevated liver enzymes (number‐needed‐to‐harm was 31) and headache (number‐needed‐to‐harm was 36). Conclusions: If the risk of PONV is very high, for every 100 patients receiving an adequate dose of ondansetron 20 patients will not vomit who would have vomited had they received placebo. The antinausea effect is less pronounced. Of these 100, three will have elevated liver enzymes and three will have a headache who would not have had these adverse effects without the drug.