Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The study of sport manager's decision making styles who are working in Center and Rural Organizations of General Directorate of Sport

The present study is conducted in order to determine the effect of demographic variables on decision making styles of sport managers who are working in center and rural organizations of general directorate of sport. A descriptive survey model oriented method is used within the research in order to reveal the present situation. The study group is composed of 170 sport managers working in center and rural organizations of general directorate of sport (Provincial Director of Youth Services and Sport = 32/ Departmental Manager =138). “Melbourne Decision Making Questionaire” which was developed by Mann et al. (1998) and then adapted by Deniz (2004) to Turkish is used as data collection tool along with “Self-Information Form”. While analyzing the data, Mann-Whitney U Test for paired comparison and Kruskal-Wallis Variance Analysis for multiple comparisons are used. In multiple comparisons when Kruskal Wallis Variance Analyses results were found meaningful, Mann Whitney U Test is applied to find out which groups were the sources of the meaningful differences. The significance level in the present study is I±=0.05. As a result of the study it is found that in terms of gender, age, educational level and managerial status self-esteem has no significant effect on decision making styles of sport managers; however, there was a significant difference regarding professional seniority and managerial seniority variables. It is also seen that there were no significant differences in all the sub-dimensions of decision making scale of sport managers considering the whole demographic variables.
A microphone-independent visualization technique for speech disorders

In this paper we introduce a novel method for the visualization of speech disorders. We demonstrate the method with disordered speech and a control group. However, both groups were recorded using two different microphones. The projection of the patient data using a single microphone yields significant correlations between the coordinates on the map and certain criteria of the disorder which were perceptually rated. However, projection of data from multiple microphones reduces this correlation. Usually, the acoustical mismatch between the microphones is greater than the mismatch between the speakers, i.e., not the disorders but the microphones form clusters in the visualization. Based on an extension of the Sammon mapping, we are able to create a map which projects the same speakers onto the same position even if multiple microphones are used. Furthermore, our method also restores the correlation between the map coordinates and the perceptual assessment. Index Terms: visualization, robustness, speech processing.
Input Quality Matters: Some Comments on Input Type and Age-Effects in Adult SLA

In accord with the general program of researching factors relating to ultimate attainment and maturational constraints in adult language acquisition, this commentary highlights the importance of input differences in amount, type, and setting between naturalistic and classroom learners of an L2. It is suggested that these variables are often confounded with age factors. Herein, we wish to call attention to the possible deterministic role that the differences in the grammatical quality of classroom input have on development and on competence outcomes. Framing what we see as greater formal complexity of the learning task for classroom learners, we suggest that one might benefit from focusing less on difference and more on how classroom L2 learners, at least some of them, come to acquire all that they do despite crucial qualitative differences in their input.
Organized youth sport as a predictor of physical activity in adulthood

The aim of this study was to examine whether early and sustained organized youth sport during childhood and adolescence predicts the frequency of leisure‐time physical activity (PA) at age 23 years. A 10‐year longitudinal study of 630 adolescents was conducted. Data were collected from these participants eight times from the ages of 13 to 23 years and were analyzed by analysis of variance and regression. There was a high degree of consistency in participation in organized youth sport in terms of reporting to be a member of a sports club, especially from age 13 to 16 years. The correlation coefficients tended to be higher among males and decreased over time both in females and males. The age at becoming a member in organized sport and duration of participation in organized youth sports during adolescence predicted 9% of the variance of young adult PA. The correlations were higher in males than in females, but these differences were not significant. Organized youth sports during childhood and adolescence was positively related to frequency of leisure‐time PA in young adulthood. Joining organized youth sports at an early age and continuing through adolescence appear to increase the likelihood for a physically active lifestyle in young adulthood.
Real Walking through Virtual Environments by Redirection Techniques

JVRB, 6(2009), no. 2. - We present redirection techniques that support exploration of large-scale virtual environments (VEs) by means of real walking. We quantify to what degree users can unknowingly be redirected in order to guide them through VEs in which virtual paths differ from the physical paths. We further introduce the concept of dynamic passive haptics by which any number of virtual objects can be mapped to real physical proxy props having similar haptic properties (i. e., size, shape, and surface structure), such that the user can sense these virtual objects by touching their real world counterparts. Dynamic passive haptics provides the user with the illusion of interacting with a desired virtual object by redirecting her to the corresponding proxy prop. We describe the concepts of generic redirected walking and dynamic passive haptics and present experiments in which we have evaluated these concepts. Furthermore, we discuss implications that have been derived from a user study, and we present approaches that derive physical paths which may vary from the virtual counterparts.
Loss of muscle mass: current developments in cachexia and sarcopenia focused on biomarkers and treatment

Loss of muscle mass arises from an imbalance of protein synthesis and protein degradation. Potential triggers of muscle wasting and function are immobilization, loss of appetite, dystrophies, and chronic diseases as well as aging. All these conditions lead to increased morbidity and mortality in patients, which makes it a timely matter to find new biomarkers to get a fast clinical diagnosis and to develop new therapies. This mini‐review covers current developments in the field of biomarkers and drugs on cachexia and sarcopenia. Here, we reported about promising markers, e.g. tartate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5a, and novel substances like epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate. In summary, the progress to combat muscle wasting is in full swing, and perhaps diagnosis of muscle atrophy and of course patient treatments could be soon support by improved and more helpful strategies.
The tripartite efficacy framework in high school physical education: Trans-contextual generality and direct and indirect prospective relations with leisure-time exercise.

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which adolescents’ beliefs in their physical education (PE) teacher’s capabilities (i.e., other-efficacy), and their estimation of their teacher’s confidence in their ability (i.e., relation-inferred selfefficacy, RISE), predicted leisure-time exercise engagement, as well as the extent to which within-class and leisure-time self-efficacy beliefs mediated those relationships. At Time 1, we assessed high school students’ (N 640, Mage 13.15, SD 0.80) confidence in their own PE ability (i.e., self-efficacy), along with their other-efficacy and RISE appraisals. Two weeks later, students reported their confidence in their ability to regulate their leisure-time exercise, and then during the following three weeks, they maintained an exercise log in which they recorded their leisure-time exercise behavior. Structural equation modeling revealed that other-efficacy and RISE positively predicted students’ confidence in their own PE ability. Students’ PE self-efficacy predicted their self-efficacy for regulating their leisure-time exercise, which in turn predicted average weekly exercise participation. As well as highlighting indirect pathways through which students’ tripartite perceptions supported leisure-time exercise, direct effects were also found for self- and other-efficacy in relation to exercise levels, even when controlling for the effect of baseline exercise levels. These findings emphasize the potential significance of the tripartite framework in terms of understanding adolescent exercise behavior.
Probleme der Wortstruktur

In diesem Artikel will ich Fragen behandeln, die init der Abgrenzung von Syntax und Wortstruktur zu tun haben. Zunächst versuche ich, die traditionelle Vorstellung zu präzisieren, daß die Wortstruktur gegenüber der Syntax autonom sei (Autonomie-Hypothese). Dies erfordert zugleich, eine Vorstellung über die In, teraktion von Syntax und Wortstruktur zu entwickeln. Man mochte z. B. verstehen, inwiefern das Genitiv-s, als Teil eines Wortes, für die Syntax relevant sein i kann, andererseits, inwiefern ein Verb wie aufhören, im syntaktischen Sinne ein Nicht-Wort, lexikalisch doch als Einheit anzusehen ist. Soweit ein Wort als Verkettung kategorialer Einheiten betrachtet wird, läßt sich die Wortstruktur als Spezialfall der X-bar-Theorie darstellen, die sonst vor allem die syntaktische Struktur charakterisiert. (Diese Idee findet man u. a. in Höhle (1982), Selkirk (1982) und Toman (1982) ausgeführt. ) Es scheint deshalb so, daß sich die Autonomie der Wortstruktur nicht allein mit strukturellen Gesichtspunkten begründen läßt. Den wesentlichen Unterschied sehe ich in der psychologischen Verfügbarkeit (Memorisierbarkeit) von lexikalischen versus syntaktischen Einheiten, der eine Reihe von Besonderheiten der Wortstrukturregeln plausibel macht.
Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Flavobacterium columnare isolates collected worldwide from 17 fish species.

Flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease in diverse fish species worldwide. Although columnaris is an important disease, the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of F. columnare is not well studied. Thus, the purpose of this study was to test the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of 97 F. columnare isolates collected worldwide between 1987 and 2011 from 17 fish species. The broth microdilution technique was utilized for reliable testing of these fastidious organisms. None of the isolates displayed acquired resistance to florfenicol, gentamicin, ormetoprim-sulfadimethoxine and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Acquired resistance to chloramphenicol was detected in 1%, to nitrofuran in 5%, to oxytetracycline in 11% and to enrofloxacin, flumequine and oxolinic acid in 10%, 16% and 16% of the isolates, respectively, as reflected by a bimodal or trimodal distribution of their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). One isolate showed acquired resistance towards several antimicrobial agents including erythromycin. Another isolate revealed acquired resistance towards - amongst others - ampicillin. The isolates displaying acquired resistance originated from ornamental fish species or Vietnamese catfish, except for two isolates coming from wild channel catfish in which acquired resistance was encountered towards oxytetracycline only. Fifty per cent of the resistant isolates from ornamental fish were shown to have acquired resistance against three classes of antimicrobial agents, assigning these isolates as multiple resistant. These data might indicate less prudent use of antimicrobials especially in ornamental fish species.
Low-cost Checkpointing-based Rollback Recovery Algorithm Considering Scalability

In this paper, we design a low-cost checkpointing-based rollback recovery algorithm to address the traditional scalability problem of synchronous checkpointing in the completely different point of view compared with existing ones. This algorithm enables a cluster-wide set of processes to take their semi-global checkpointing procedure while a small set of cluster heads monitor local commit of their respective administrative areas and always observe the global consistency condition. It can considerably lower communication overhead that may occur in the previous ones. This feature can enormously decrease the frequency of cluster-tocluster communications especially in large-scale hierarchical multi-cluster systems.
Geometrically controlled snapping transitions in shells with curved creases

Significance Shape-programmable structures have recently used origami to reconfigure using a smooth folding motion, but are hampered by slow speeds and complicated material assembly. Inspired by natural systems like the leaves of Venus flytraps and hummingbird beaks, we use curved creases to imbue elastic shells with programmable fast “snapping” motion. This deformation between preprogrammed states can be tuned to be either continuously foldable or snap discontinuously. Our results provide a purely geometrical mechanism for designing multistable structures, thus circumventing the need for complex materials or fabrication methods in creating structures with fast dynamics. This technique will find application in designing structures over a wide range of length scales, including self-folding materials, tunable optics, and switchable frictional surfaces for microfluidics. Curvature and mechanics are intimately connected for thin materials, and this coupling between geometry and physical properties is readily seen in folded structures from intestinal villi and pollen grains to wrinkled membranes and programmable metamaterials. While the well-known rules and mechanisms behind folding a flat surface have been used to create deployable structures and shape transformable materials, folding of curved shells is still not fundamentally understood. Shells naturally deform by simultaneously bending and stretching, and while this coupling gives them great stability for engineering applications, it makes folding a surface of arbitrary curvature a nontrivial task. Here we discuss the geometry of folding a creased shell, and demonstrate theoretically the conditions under which it may fold smoothly. When these conditions are violated we show, using experiments and simulations, that shells undergo rapid snapping motion to fold from one stable configuration to another. Although material asymmetry is a proven mechanism for creating this bifurcation of stability, for the case of a creased shell, the inherent geometry itself serves as a barrier to folding. We discuss here how two fundamental geometric concepts, creases and curvature, combine to allow rapid transitions from one stable state to another. Independent of material system and length scale, the design rule that we introduce here explains how to generate snapping transitions in arbitrary surfaces, thus facilitating the creation of programmable multistable materials with fast actuation capabilities.
Prime-Boost Vaccination with Toxoplasma Lysate Antigen, but Not with a Mixture of Recombinant Protein Antigens, Leads to Reduction of Brain Cyst Formation in BALB/c Mice

Introduction Infection with the ubiquitous parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a threat for immunocompromised patients and pregnant women and effective immune-prophylaxis is still lacking. Methods Here we tested a mixture of recombinant T. gondii antigens expressed in different developmental stages, i.e., SAG1, MAG1 and GRA7 (SMG), and a lysate derived from T. gondii tachyzoites (TLA) for prophylactic vaccination against cyst formation. Both vaccine formulations were applied systemically followed by an oral TLA-booster in BALB/c mice. Results Systemic priming with SMG and oral TLA-booster did not show significant induction of protective immune responses. In contrast, systemic priming and oral booster with TLA induced higher levels of Toxoplasma-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a in sera as well as high levels of Toxoplasma-specific IgG1 in small intestines. Furthermore, high levels of Toxoplasma-specific Th1-, Th17- and Th2-associated cytokines were only detected in restimulated splenocytes of TLA-vaccinated mice. Importantly, in mice orally infected with T. gondii oocysts, only TLA-vaccination and booster reduced brain cysts. Furthermore, sera from these mice reduced tachyzoites invasion of Vero cells in vitro, indicating that antibodies may play a critical role for protection against Toxoplasma infection. Additionally, supernatants from splenocyte cultures of TLA-vaccinated mice containing high levels of IFN-γ lead to substantial production of nitric oxide (NO) after incubation with macrophages in vitro. Since NO is involved in the control of parasite growth, the high levels of IFN-γ induced by vaccination with TLA may contribute to the protection against T. gondii. Conclusion In conclusion, our data indicate that prime-boost approach with TLA, but not with the mixture of recombinant antigens SMG, induces effective humoral and cellular Toxoplasma-specific responses and leads to significant reduction of cerebral cysts, thereby presenting a viable strategy for further vaccine development against T. gondii infection.
A computational procedure to identify significant overlap of differentially expressed and genomic imbalanced regions in cancer datasets†

The integration of high-throughput genomic data represents an opportunity for deciphering the interplay between structural and functional organization of genomes and for discovering novel biomarkers. However, the development of integrative approaches to complement gene expression (GE) data with other types of gene information, such as copy number (CN) and chromosomal localization, still represents a computational challenge in the genomic arena. This work presents a computational procedure that directly integrates CN and GE profiles at genome-wide level. When applied to DNA/RNA paired data, this approach leads to the identification of Significant Overlaps of Differentially Expressed and Genomic Imbalanced Regions (SODEGIR). This goal is accomplished in three steps. The first step extends to CN a method for detecting regional imbalances in GE. The second part provides the integration of CN and GE data and identifies chromosomal regions with concordantly altered genomic and transcriptional status in a tumor sample. The last step elevates the single-sample analysis to an entire dataset of tumor specimens. When applied to study chromosomal aberrations in a collection of astrocytoma and renal carcinoma samples, the procedure proved to be effective in identifying discrete chromosomal regions of coordinated CN alterations and changes in transcriptional levels.
Research on Network Content Audit Based on Information Fingerprint

Based on the specific features of advertisement robot widely existing in network information, a mixture strategy for network content filtering is presented in this paper. The strategy can determine quickly by calculating the fingerprint of network content, and Bayesian filtering is reused when the strategy can not determine. The result of this experiment shows that the strategy is more advanced than the sole Bayesian method in improving system running efficiency and finding out the phenomenon of advertisement robot.
Agent IDS based on Misuse Approach

Most current IDS are generally centralized andsuffer from significant limitations when used in high speednetworks, especially when they face distributed attacks. Thispaper shows that the use of mobile agents has practical advantagesfor intrusion detection. For this purpose we carriedout a comparative experimental study of some IDS, showingtheir limits and then we propose an implementation of a newMAFIDS (Mobile Agent for Intrusion Detection System)model focusing on misuse approach. The performance ofMAFIDS is investigated in terms of detection delay, falsealarm and detection rate by comparing it to a centralizedIDS over real traffic and a set of simulated attacks.
Pathophysiology of impaired hand function in children with unilateral cerebral palsy

Unilateral spastic cerebral palsy, caused by damage to the developing central nervous system, is characterized by motor impairments mainly lateralized to one side of the body, with hand impairments greatly contributing to functional limitations. The integrity of the motor areas and the corticospinal tract (CST) is often compromised. The specific etiology may drastically influence subsequent development of CST pathways. Here we describe the pathophysiology underlying impaired upper extremity function, with particular emphasis on the relation between CST damage and hand function. We also describe the resulting sensory and motor deficits, with an emphasis on studies of precision grip, which highlight impairments in motor execution, sensorimotor integration, motor planning, and bimanual coordination beyond dexterity impairments. We show that the type and extent of early brain damage and/or CST reorganization is highly predictive of the severity of these impairments. We discuss the clinical implications of these findings, including the intriguing possibility that the specific pathophysiology is predictive of treatment outcomes. We suggest that a ‘one‐treatment fits all approach’ may be insufficient, and that future rehabilitation efforts will be best guided by closely relating treatment efficacy with the specific pathophysiology.
The X-ray view of the central part of IC 1396.

The galactic HII region IC 1396 contains one of the youngest known open star clusters Trumpler 37, Tr 37. Its very core hosts the multiple O-star system HD 206267, which in many respects is similar to the Orion Trapezium. So far X-ray emission has been observed only from HD 206267 with the Einstein observatory. Soft X-ray observations with the ROSAT PSPCrevealedX-rayemissionfromanareaof30'radiusaround the center of globule IC 1396A, which was resolved into 85 discretesources.Someoftheemissionstillremainsunresolved. MostofthedetectedX-raysources,exceptHD206267,arevery weak, which causes the measured luminosity function to be cut off at log Lx < 30:3(erg s 1 ). X-ray sources are located not onlyinTr37butarealsoscatteredaroundthemolecularglobule IC 1396A. From the distribution of sources, their apparently hard spectra, and a steep luminosity function we argue that this sample contains a large number of previously unknown low- mass PMS stars. The X-ray source centered on HD 206267 appeared extended indicating a multiple source system at the verycenterofTr37.ThetotalX-rayluminosityofthetrapezium HD 206267 does compare with the X-ray luminosity of single O-type stars. We set an upper limit of log(Lx/Lbol) to -6.90 and brieflydiscussthisresultinthecontextofcollidingandeclipsing wind models in early type binaries.
Large deviations for Branching Processes in Random Environment

A branching process in random environment (Zn, n ∈ N) is a generalization of Galton Watson processes where at each generation the reproduction law is picked randomly. In this paper we give several results which belong to the class of large deviations. By contrast to the Galton-Watson case, here random environments and the branching process can conspire to achieve atypical events such as Zn ≤ e cn when c is smaller than the typical geometric growth rate ¯ L and Zn ≥ e cn when c > ¯ L. One way to obtain such an atypical rate of growth is to have a typical realization of the branching process in an atypical sequence of environments. This gives us a general lower bound for the rate of decrease of their probability. When each individual leaves at least one offspring in the next generation almost surely, we compute the exact rate function of these events and we show that condi