Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME

Alcohol is a physical and behavioural teratogen. Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a common yet under-recognized condition resulting from maternal consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. While preventable, FAS is also disabling.Although FAS is found in all socioeconomic groups in Canada, it has been observed at high prevalence in select First Nations and Inuit communities in Canada.This statement addresses FAS prevention, diagnosis, early identification and management for health care professionals.Prevention of FAS must occur at two levels. Primary prevention involves eliminating FAS through classroom or community education, and encouraging women to avoid consuming alcohol before conception and throughout pregnancy. Secondary prevention involves identifying women who are drinking while pregnant and reducing their consumption. This statement describes a variety of screening strategies including Tolerance-Annoyance, Cut Down, Eye Opener (T-ACE). Medical practitioners should recommend abstinence starting with the first prenatal visit. Prompt referral for alcohol treatment is recommended for pregnant individuals who are unable to stop drinking alcohol.This statement describes the diagnosis of FAS, partial or atypical FAS, alcohol-related birth defects and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder. With a history of in-utero alcohol exposure, a diagnosis of FAS should be considered with current or previous growth deficiency, select facial abnormalities involving the upper lip and eyes, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. These features are best quantified with the use of a four-digit diagnostic method.Strategies for early identification of possible alcohol-related abnormalities are outlined.Intervention focuses on optimizing development, managing behavioural difficulties and providing appropriate school programming. Of prime importance is earliest possible childhood intervention to prevent secondary disabilities that may result from delay while awaiting a definitive diagnosis of FAS.
Comparisons of Quality Ratings for Music by Cochlear Implant and Hearing Aid Users

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the quality ratings by cochlear implant (CI) and hearing aid (HA) users in response to musical sounds. Design: The ratings of 15 experienced adult Nucleus CI users (using the Advanced Combination Encoder (ACE) or Spectral Peak (SPEAK) strategy) were compared with those of 15 experienced adult HA users who met the audiological criteria for implantation. Additionally, nine subjects on the waiting list (WL) for an implant were tested before and after implantation. Three types of musical stimuli were used: single instruments, solo instruments with background accompaniment, and ensembles. For each of these categories, 12 different instruments or ensembles were presented four times each. Subjects were asked to provide a rating out of 10 according to how pleasant each extract sounded, with 10 being “very pleasant. ” Results: For the WL subjects, ratings provided after implantation were significantly higher than their preimplant ratings obtained when using HAs (p = 0.026). This was consistent with a trend observed from the experienced CI and HA groups, whereby the CI group provided higher ratings than the HA group for all three subtests, although the difference was not statistically significant. For all groups, single-instrument stimuli received significantly higher ratings than those involving multiple instruments (CI and HA subjects: p < 0.001; WL subjects: p = 0.034). With this research being part of a larger study in which identification testing of these stimuli had previously been conducted, significant correlations were also obtained between the subjects’ ability to identify musical stimuli and the corresponding quality ratings (CI: rho = 0.325, p = 0.029; HA: rho = 0.491, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that although neither device enables highly satisfactory music appreciation, the CI users judged music to sound more pleasant than the HA users (who had similar levels of hearing impairment). Also, all subject groups appraised music that involved multiple instruments to sound less pleasant, on average, than music played by single instruments.
HAADF-STEM imaging of CuAg core-shell nanoparticles

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is used in this study to determine the location of silver in bimetallic CuAg nanoparticles. The Z-contrast effect in STEM is particularly useful in our case because of the large difference in Z number between the two materials. However, the channeling effect that occurs when electrons are transmitted through a crystalline nanoparticle near a zone axis orientation prevents a direct interpretation of the STEM image contrast in terms of silver location. Two simple procedures are presented in this paper to estimate the contribution due to channeling, by varying the detection angle and by tilting the specimen a few degrees from its original orientation.
FULLY FASHIONED BIAXIAL WEFT KNITTED FABRICS

Abstract Advanced composite manufacturing processes demand the use of fully fashioned near-net shape preforms. Flat knitting technology is especially suited for the production of such products. Research work which has been carried out at the ITB proved the possibility to obtain biaxial reinforced multilayer weft knitted fabrics with fixed fabric edges, by varying the number of stitches in wale direction. The capability of this method is shown for an open cuboid and a spherical shell.
Theoretical and Empirical Criteria for the Edited Nearest Neighbour Classifier

We aim to dispel the blind faith in theoretical criteria for optimisation of the edited nearest neighbour classifier and its version called the Voronoi classifier. Three criteria from past and recent literature are considered: two bounds using Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC) dimension and a probabilistic criterion derived by a Bayesian approach. We demonstrate the shortcomings of these criteria for selecting the best reference set, and summarise alternative empirical criteria found in the literature.
Efficient multi-nodes image retrieval method based on visual words

For the network environment with the limited transmission capacity, a multi-nodes image retrieval method based on visual words is proposed. Firstly, the visual words of query image are built by using the K-means clustering method after the color features and SIFT features of query image are extracted. Then the visual-words histogram of the query image is carried by the mobile Agent. The image similarity in each node is measured with the Euclidean distance. The results of image retrieval are returned to the user. Finally the weight-based relevance feedback method is utilized to optimize the retrieved results. Experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the speed and the accuracy of the image retrieval.
SRLG-diverse routing of multiple circuits in a heterogeneous optical transport network

Network planners are often requested to provision multiple physically-diverse high-speed circuits over a large carrier's core (inter-city) DWDM network, which consists of multiple layers and heterogeneous vendor systems. Optimally provisioning such circuits while avoiding shared risk link group (SRLG) failures is an NP-hard problem. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid two-step approach: pre-processing with Integer Linear Programming (ILP) for diverse routing and postprocessing for regenerator placement and wavelength assignment. This approach has been implemented in a prototype network planning tool. According to our experiments, most of the cases for a typical large carrier's core transport network can be solved within 1 minute, even with tens of thousands of binary decision variables, which allows interactive use by network planners.
A combined direct numerical simulation–particle image velocimetry study of the turbulent near wake

We investigate the near wake of a cylinder at values of Reynolds number corresponding to the onset and development of shear-layer instabilities. By combining quantitative experimental imaging (particle image velocimetry, PIV) and direct numerical simulations at $Re \,{=}\, 3900/4000$ and 10000, we show that the flow structure is notably altered. At higher Reynolds number, the lengths of both the wake bubble and the separating shear layer decrease substantially. Corresponding patterns of velocity fluctuations and Reynolds stress contract towards the base of the cylinder. The elevated values of Reynolds stress at upstream locations in the separated layer indicate earlier onset of shear-layer transition. These features are intimately associated with the details of the shear-layer instability, which leads to small-scale vortices. The simulated signatures of the shear-layer vortices are characterized by a broadband peak at $Re \,{=}\, 3900$ and a broadband high spectral-density ‘plateau’ at $Re \,{=}\, 10\,000$ in the power spectra. The shear-layer frequencies from the present direct numerical simulations study agree well with previous experimentally measured values, and follow the power law suggested by other workers.
A case report of a multi-drug resistant bacterial infection in a diabetic patient treated in northeast Brazil

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most critical health conditions around the world, not only in terms of the number of affected people, disability, and premature mortality, but also in regards to the health care costs involved in controlling and treating its complications. Among the most constant ailments the diabetic patient suffers is the diabetic foot, defined as any infection, ulceration, and/or necrosis of deep tissues associated with neurological abnormalities and various degrees of peripheral vascular disease of the lower limbs. Diabetic foot ulcerations have become a major and increasing public health concern and its associated morbidities, impairment of the patients’ quality of life, and the implied costs for management have attracted the attention of numerous health care providers. In this case report, the authors review a unique presentation of a polymicrobial infection of a multi-drug resistant character species formed by oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter lwoffii.
[Exenatide promotes chemotactic migration of adipose-derived stem cells through SDF-1/CXCR-4/Rho GTPase pathway].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of exenatide on chemotactic migration of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and confirm that Rho GTPase is the downstream effector protein of SDF-1/CXCR-4 migration pathway. METHODS ADSCs were isolated, cultured, identified by flow cytometry, and induced to differentiate in vitro. RTCA xCELLigence system was used to analyze the effect of exenatide on ADSC proliferation. The effects of exenatide at different concentrations, AMD3100 (CXCR-4 antagonist), and CCG-1423 (Rho GTPase antagonist) on chemotactic migration of ADSCs were tested using Transwell assay. The expression of CXCR-4 in exenatide-treated ADSCs was measured by flow cytometry and Western blotting. Active Rho pull-down detection kit was used to detect the expression of Rho GTPase. Laser confocal microscopy was used to observe the formation of stress fibers in ADSCs with different treatments. RESULTS Exenatide treatment for 24 h had no significant effect on ADSC proliferation. Exenatide obviously promoted chemotactic migration of ADSCs in a concentration-dependent manner, and this effect was blocked by either AMD3100 or CCG-1423. Both flow cytometry and Western blotting showed that exenatide dose-dependently up-regulated CXCR-4 expression in ADSCs. Western blotting showed that the expression of Rho GTPase was related to SDF-1/CXCR-4 pathway, and laser confocal microscopy revealed that the formation of stress fibers in ADSCs was related to SDF-1/CXCR-4/ Rho GTPase pathway. CONCLUSION Exenatide promotes chemotactic migration of ADSCs, and Rho GTPase is the downstream effector protein of SDF-1/CXCR-4 pathway.
It's how you get there: walking down a virtual alley activates premotor and parietal areas

Voluntary drive is crucial for motor learning, therefore we are interested in the role that motor planning plays in gait movements. In this study we examined the impact of an interactive Virtual Environment (VE) feedback task on the EEG patterns during robot assisted walking. We compared walking in the VE modality to two control conditions: walking with a visual attention paradigm, in which visual stimuli were unrelated to the motor task; and walking with mirror feedback, in which participants observed their own movements. Eleven healthy participants were considered. Application of independent component analysis to the EEG revealed three independent component clusters in premotor and parietal areas showing increased activity during walking with the adaptive VE training paradigm compared to the control conditions. During the interactive VE walking task spectral power in frequency ranges 8–12, 15–20, and 23–40 Hz was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased. This power decrease is interpreted as a correlate of an active cortical area. Furthermore activity in the premotor cortex revealed gait cycle related modulations significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) from baseline in the frequency range 23–40 Hz during walking. These modulations were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced depending on gait cycle phases in the interactive VE walking task compared to the control conditions. We demonstrate that premotor and parietal areas show increased activity during walking with the adaptive VE training paradigm, when compared to walking with mirror- and movement unrelated feedback. Previous research has related a premotor-parietal network to motor planning and motor intention. We argue that movement related interactive feedback enhances motor planning and motor intention. We hypothesize that this might improve gait recovery during rehabilitation.
Rate-distortion optimized video streaming with rich acknowledgments

We consider an unconventional procedure for communicating to the server the receipt of media packets for Internet video streaming. Instead of separately acknowledging each media packet as it arrives, we periodically send to the server a single acknowledgment packet, denoted rich acknowledgment, that contains information about all media packets that have arrived at the client by the time the rich acknowledgment is sent. We investigate rate-distortion optimized sender-driven streaming that employs rich acknowledgments. Performance gains of up to 1.3 dB for streaming packetized video content are observed over rate-distortion optimized sender-driven systems that employ conventional acknowledgments.
Engineering optical near-fields for highly efficient surface-enhanced nanoplasmonics

We have numerically analyzed the effect of geometrical parameters of circular, rhombic, and square nanostructure arrays when light fields are localized based on surface-enhanced nanoplasmonics. It was found that subdiffraction-limited field localization can be achieved using the nanostructures. We have also discussed various approaches to implement superresolution imaging systems using the obtained localized fields. The localized field can be used to implement colocalized light matter distribution with much enhanced sensitivity in surface plasmon resonance biosensor and more interestingly for super-resolution full-field microscopy.
The assessment of time-dependent myocardial changes in infants with perinatal hypoxia

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess myocardial damage in infants due to perinatal hypoxia. Methods: The findings of 29 infants with perinatal hypoxia and 20 healthy infants were compared. Blood gas analysis, serum lactate, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), troponin T (cTnT), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) were evaluated. Echocardiography together with tissue Doppler imaging was performed. Results: cTnT, CK-MB and BNP were higher in patients at the first day. There were positive correlations between the left ventricular (LV) myocardial performance index (MPI) and cTnT at first day and also at first month. LV ejection fraction and fractional shortening were lower at first day and at first month in patients. Myocardial systolic (Sm) and diastolic (Em and Am) velocities at all segments were lower at first day, and interventricular septum Sm, LV Sm, LV Em, right ventricular Em and LV Am were still lower at first month in patients. Isovolumic relaxation time at all segments together with LV MPI was higher at first day, ejection time values were lower and MPI values were higher at all segments at first month in patients. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated that the signs of myocardial damage due to perinatal hypoxia still present at first month.
Malicious Android Applications in the Enterprise: What Do They Do and How Do We Fix It?

Android applications are used in a variety of domains, including business, social, media, health, scientific, and even military. On one hand, enterprises can take advantage of the richness of Android applications to support their business needs. On the other hand, Android devices contain rich sensitive data - e.g., GPS location, photos, calendar, contacts, email, and files - which is critical to the enterprise and unauthorized access to this sensitive data can lead to serious security risks. In this paper, we describe the nature and sources of sensitive data, what malicious applications can do to the data, and possible enterprise solutions to secure the data and mitigate the security risks. The purpose of this paper is to raise employees' and enterprises' awareness and show that a suite of easy-to-implement measures can improve both employee and enterprise security.
Natural History and Effects on 2-Year Outcomes of Urinary Incontinence After Stroke

Background and Purpose— We sought to describe the natural history of poststroke incontinence and estimate its effect on survival and 2-year outcomes in stroke survivors. Methods— Two hundred thirty-five incident cases of stroke in 1995 were classified by continence status at 10 days after stroke. Age, sex, ethnicity, diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, premorbid disability, and Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project classification were recorded. Outcome data collected at 3 months and at 1 and 2 years included disability, case-fatality rates, and institutionalization rates. Disability was classified as severe, moderate, mild, or independent using the Barthel Index (without its “continence” component: 0–9, 10–14, 15–17, and 18, respectively) and Frenchay Activity Index (0–15, 16–30, and 31–45). Results— Of 235 cases, 95 were initially incontinent (group 1); 140 were continent (group 2). At the initial, 3-month, and 1- and 2-year assessments, incontinence was recorded in 95 patients (40%), 34 (19%), 23 (15%), and 12 (10%), respectively. In univariate analyses, the 2 groups were not different in terms of demographic factors and risk factors. Compared with group 2, group 1 patients were more likely to have atrial fibrillation (28% versus 16%;P =0.02). Multivariate analyses showed that age >75 years (OR 15.9; CI 2.2 to 116.2), dysphagia (OR 4.03; CI 1.85 to 8.73), motor weakness (OR 5.41; CI 1.38 to 21.1) and visual field defects (OR 4.78; CI 1.78 to 12.9) were all significantly associated with incontinence. Incontinence was less common in lacunar infarctions (OR 0.12; CI 0.02 to 0.62). At 2 years, compared with group 2, group 1 had higher case-fatality rates (67% versus 20%;P <0.001), higher institutionalization rates (39% versus 16%;P =0.007), and greater disability (Barthel [0–9]: 39% versus 5%;P <0.001; Frenchay [0–15]: 75% versus 37%;P =0.001). Death or disability at 2 years was worse in subjects with initial incontinence(OR 4.43; CI 1.76 to 11.2). Conclusions— Incontinence remains a prevalent condition 2 years after stroke. Initial incontinence was associated with age >75 years, dysphagia, visual field defect, and motor weakness. Poststroke incontinence adversely affected 2-year stroke survival, disability, and institutionalization rates.
The outgrowth of the nerve fiber as a mode of protoplasmic movement.

In “The Outgrowth of the Nerve Fiber as a Mode of Protoplasmic Movement,” Ross Granville Harrison [4] explores the growth of nerve fibers in vitro [5] . The purpose of this experiment was to test two possible hypotheses for the growth of nerve fibers. Santiago Ramón y Cajal [6] suggested that nerve growth is due to the extension of nerve fibers as they push through tissue. Victor Hensen’s syncytial theory proposed an opposing view of nerve growth. He proposed that each neuron [7] was connected by threads of cytoplasm and the successful connections stimulated further differentiation [8] of the correct neural connections. Using hanging drop tissue cultures, Harrison provided significant evidence for Ramón y Cajal’s theory by showing discrete cell membranes between cells and observing the growth of individual neurons. This paper was published in the Journal of Experimental Zoology [9] , volume 9, in 1910. Harrison wanted to resolve the two opposing theories concerning nerve growth. Hensen’s theory was attracting many supporters in the early 1900s, because it was simple and provided a powerful model of neural development [10] . It explained how nerves grow and how they find their way through a developing embryo. Harrison felt there was not enough understanding of the processes at work, and this experiment was conducted to demonstrate the action of nerve growth. Harrison experienced difficulty growing the nerve fibers in vitro [5] . First he explanted the neuroblasts to a solution of physiological salt or Locke’s solution. is a basic method of culturing tissues, but no nerve fibers differentiated before they decomposed. Next, neuroblasts gelatinous mixture, but the nerve fibers also failed to differentiate in this culture. On his third try, the neuroblasts in a solution containing clotted frog [11] lymph in a sodium chloride solution. This provided a support structure for the nerves to grow and differentiate. 201–203. In "The Outgrowth of the Nerve Fiber as a Mode of Protoplasmic Movement," Ross Granville Harrison explores the growth of nerve fibers in vitro. The purpose of this experiment was to test two possible hypotheses for the growth of nerve fibers. Santiago Ramón y Cajal suggested that nerve growth is due to the extension of nerve fibers as they push through tissue. Victor Hensen's syncytial theory proposed an opposing view of nerve growth. He proposed that each neuron was connected by threads of cytoplasm and the successful connections stimulated further differentiation of the correct neural connections. Using hanging drop tissue cultures, Harrison provided significant evidence for Ramón y Cajal's theory by showing discrete cell membranes between cells and observing the growth of individual