Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flow past a sphere at the free-surface using URANS

The flow past a sphere located at the free-surface, was studied over the critical Reynolds number range: 2x10^5 to 4x10^5. Experiments were carried out in the Lamont tank at the University of Southampton. Due to the inclusion of a free-surface, the solver interFoam (version OF-2.2.0) was used to simulate the flow past the sphere with a Courant number of 1.2 to allow the simulations to run faster without compensating on the results’ accuracy. Maximum wave resistance occurs when the sphere is half-submerged due the maximum crosssectional area of the sphere. The wave resistance component becomes negligible at an immersion depth greater than 175%D.
The IT audit research based on the information system success model and COBIT

Information system in big data environment has the characteristics of Volume, Velocity, Variety and Value. Currently, the information system audit goal mainly starting from the characteristics of information system itself, less combined with the specific business objectives. In this paper, Analyzed the influence of the information system under the condition of big data, as well as the potential risks, put forward the information system audit target system based on information system success model (D&M model).
A Space-Time Coding Scheme With Time and Frequency Comb-Like Chirp Waveforms for MIMO-SAR

A new space-time coding (STC) scheme for multiple-input multiple-output synthetic aperture radar systems is proposed in this paper. In the new scheme, two successive signal periods are put into one transmit duration to minimize the time-variant channel effect. The even and odd components of the transmitted waveforms are modulated into distinct Doppler frequencies in the azimuth direction and can be separated by bandpass filter in the range-Doppler domain. The presented STC scheme can suppress the interchannel ambiguous energy caused by the time-variant channel responses, which typically occur in conventional STC schemes, and increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the echoes by a decoding matrix. To further suppress the interference, a waveform called time and frequency comb-like chirp (TFCC) is proposed. With the application of the complementary comb-like structure in the time and frequency domains, two TFCC waveforms are short-term shift-orthogonal and constant envelope. Moreover, these corresponding TFCC waveforms can share the same antenna and time gate without sacrificing any TFCC waveforms’ peak level. The theoretical analysis and simulation results illustrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
A Multimedia Enhanced CSCW Teleservice for Wide Area Cooperative Authoring of Multimedia Documents

This paper presents the concept and general architecture of a multimedia enhanced CSCW teleservice that controls and monitors cooperative multiauthoring processes for possibly multimedia documents. Involved authors can be worldwide geographically dispersed. The instantiation of such a process is performed by submitting a workflow specification including multimedia directives which informally describe corresponding authoring activities. Document components completed in preceding authoring activities can be specified as activity input. The document data are fully incorporated within the workflow artifacts. The central component is a multimedia archive that provides integrated workflowand document management functionality. A multimedia mail teleservice designed for public networks is used as communication means. Using the proposed CSCW teleservice, authoring processes can be completed in a smooth, reliable, and timely manner. Authors are relieved from tasks that bear a high potential for workflow violations and delay.
Structural changes in the transition state of protein folding: alternative interpretations of curved chevron plots.

The interpretation of folding rates is often rationalized within the context of transition state theory. This means that the reaction rate is linked to an activation barrier, the height of which is determined by the free energy difference between a ground state (the starting point) and an apparent transition state. Changes in the folding kinetics are thus caused by effects on either the ground state, the transition state, or both. However, structural changes of the transition state are rarely discussed in connection with experimental data, and kinetic anomalies are commonly ascribed to ground state effects alone, e.g., depletion or accumulation of structural intermediates upon addition of denaturant. In this study, we present kinetic data which are best described by transition state changes. We also show that ground state effects and transition state effects are in general difficult to distinguish kinetically. The analysis is based on the structurally homologous proteins U1A and S6. Both proteins display two-state behavior, but there is a marked difference in their kinetics. S6 exhibits a classical V-shaped chevron plot (log observed rate constant vs denaturant concentration), whereas U1A's chevron plot is symmetrically curved, like an inverted bell curve. However, S6 is readily mutated to display U1A-like kinetics. The seemingly drastic effects of these mutations are readily ascribed to transition state movements where large kinetic differences result from relatively small alterations of a common free energy profile and broad activation barriers.
Coherence and Intermittency of Electron Density in Small-Scale Interstellar Turbulence

Spatial intermittency in decaying kinetic Alfvén wave turbulence is investigated to determine if it produces non-Gaussian density fluctuations in the interstellar medium. Non-Gaussian density fluctuations have been inferred from pulsar scintillation scaling. Kinetic Alfvén wave turbulence characterizes density evolution in magnetic turbulence at scales near the ion gyroradius. It is shown that intense localized current filaments in the tail of an initially Gaussian probability distribution function possess a sheared magnetic field that strongly refracts the random kinetic Alfvén waves responsible for turbulent decorrelation. The refraction localizes turbulence to the filament periphery, and hence it avoids mixing by the turbulence. As the turbulence decays, these long-lived filaments create a non-Gaussian tail. A condition related to the shear of the filament field determines which fluctuations become coherent and which decay as random fluctuations. The refraction also creates coherent structures in electron density. These structures are not localized. Their spatial envelope maps into a probability distribution that decays as density to the power -3. The spatial envelope of density yields a Levy distribution in the density gradient.
A Simple Technique for Fast Digital Background Calibration of A/D Converters

A modification of the background digital calibration procedure for A/D converters by Li and Moon is proposed, based on a method to improve the speed of convergence and the accuracy of the calibration. The procedure exploits a colored random sequence in the calibration algorithm, and can be applied both for narrowband input signals and for baseband signals, with a slight penalty on the analog bandwidth of the converter. By improving the signal-to-calibration-noise ratio of the statistical estimation of the error parameters, our proposed technique can be employed either to improve linearity or to make the calibration procedure faster. A practical method to generate the random sequence with minimum overhead with respect to a simple PRBS is also presented. Simulations have been performed on a 14-bit pipeline A/D converter in which the first 4 stages have been calibrated, showing a 15 dB improvement in THD and SFDR for the same calibration time with respect to the original technique.
Motif discovery and transcription factor binding sites before and after the next-generation sequencing era

Motif discovery has been one of the most widely studied problems in bioinformatics ever since genomic and protein sequences have been available. In particular, its application to the de novo prediction of putative over-represented transcription factor binding sites in nucleotide sequences has been, and still is, one of the most challenging flavors of the problem. Recently, novel experimental techniques like chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) have been introduced, permitting the genome-wide identification of protein–DNA interactions. ChIP, applied to transcription factors and coupled with genome tiling arrays (ChIP on Chip) or next-generation sequencing technologies (ChIP-Seq) has opened new avenues in research, as well as posed new challenges to bioinformaticians developing algorithms and methods for motif discovery.
UPITNIK BODH (BES, OSVETOLJUBIVOST, DOMINACIJA, HOSTILNOST): NOVI UPITNIK ZA PROCENU AGRESIVNOSTI

Polaznu osnovu za konstruisanje upitnika za procenuagresivnosti BODH predstavljali su rezultati dobijeni analizomzajednicke strukture skala za procenu agresivnosti/prijatnostiiz upitnika licnosti koji proisticu iz razlicitih paradigmi i modela(Big Five Inventory – BFI, IPIP-HEXACO-PI-R, Velikih pet plusdva – VP+2, Zuckerman–Kulhman Personality Questionnaire –III – Revised – ZKPQ–III–R, Upitnik osetljivosti na potkrepljenje– UOP i Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire – MPQ). UIstraživanju 1 faktorskom analizom izdvojena su cetiri faktora kojisu imenovani kao Bes, Osvetoljubivost, Dominacija i Hostilnost.Na osnovu uvida u dominantni sadržaj tih faktora i korelacijakoje ostvaruju s dimenzijama Eysenckovog PEN modela iBuss-Perryjevog Upitnika agresije, formulisane su stavke kojereferiraju na ekstrahovane faktore. U Istraživanju 2 potvrđenaje cetvorofaktorska struktura Upitnika, i na osnovu analize, podmodelom Teorije odgovora na stavke, zadržane su stavke snajboljim metrijskim karakteristikama. Na osnovu informativnostiskala, zakljuceno je da su sve supskale, osim Hostilnosti,diskriminativnije u domenu prosecnih i iznadprosecnih skorova,dok je Hostilnost diskriminativna u sirem rasponu osobine.Konstruktna validnost upitnika BODH potvrđena je u Istraživanju3 preko korelacija sa skalama inventara HEXACO-PI-R i Buss-Perryjevog Upitnika agresije. Polne razlike postoje samo nasupskali Osvetoljubivost, koja u odnosu na ostale supskale imanajvisu korelaciju s fizickom agresijom.
Mendel: Source code recommendation based on a genetic metaphor

When evolving software systems, developers spend a considerable amount of time understanding existing source code. To successfully implement new or alter existing behavior, developers need to answer questions such as: “Which types and methods can I use to solve this task? ” or “Should my implementation follow particular naming or structural conventions? ”. In this paper we present Mendel, a source code recommendation tool that aids developers in answering such questions. Based on the entity the developer currently browses, the tool employs a genetics-inspired metaphor to analyze source-code entities related to the current working context and provides its user with a number of recommended properties (naming conventions, used types, invoked messages, etc.) that the source code entity currently being worked on should exhibit. An initial validation of Mendel seems to confirm the potential of our approach.
Cost-Aware Dynamic Virtual Machine Purchase Plan Orchestrator for Multi-tier Cloud Applications

Cloud deployment and multi-tier architecture are popular for web applications. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) offers users different Virtual Machine (VM) instances with various capacities and prices which can be used as servers in each tier of web applications. Because of heterogeneousness of workload in each tier, it poses a great challenge to choose suitable VM purchase plans for each tier as to adapt the varying workload and reduce the cost of VM usage. In this paper, we propose a new approach which conducts cost-aware dynamic VM purchase plans for multi-tier cloud applications. Our approach first uses reinforcement learning to generate several candidate plans to adapt the varying workload and then employs linear programming to find the optimal one which is the most money-saving among the candidates. The experiment results witness the proposed method gains better performance than the traditional threshold method in meeting the Service Level Agreement (SLA) and cutting down the cost.
Electrocardiographic and Electrooculographic Responses to External Emotions and Their Transitions in Bipolar I and II Disorders

Bipolar disorder has two main types, bipolar I (BD I) and II (BD II), which present different affective states and personality characteristics, they might present different modes of emotional regulation. We hypothesized that the electrocardiogram and electrooculogram to external emotions are different in BD I and BD II. We asked 69 BD I and 54 BD II patients, and 139 healthy volunteers to undergo these tests in response to disgust, erotica, fear, happiness, neutral, and sadness, and their transitions. Their affective states were also measured. The heart rate in BD I was significantly higher under background fear after target neutral. The eyeball movement was quicker in BD I under target happiness after background disgust; in BD I under target sadness after background disgust; and in BD I under background disgust after target neutral. Some electrocardiographic and electrooculographic changes were correlated with affective states in patients. BD I and BD II had different physiological responses to external emotions and their transitions, indicating different pathophysiologies and suggesting different emotional-therapies for BD I and BD II.
Composing Scalable Nonlinear Algebraic Solvers

Most efficient linear solvers use composable algorithmic components, with the most common model being the combination of a Krylov accelerator and one or more preconditioners. A similar set of concepts may be used for nonlinear algebraic systems, where nonlinear composition of different nonlinear solvers may significantly improve the time to solution. We describe the basic concepts of nonlinear composition and preconditioning and present a number of solvers applicable to nonlinear partial differential equations. We have developed a software framework in order to easily explore the possible combinations of solvers. We show that the performance gains from using composed solvers can be substantial compared with gains from standard Newton-Krylov methods.
Syllabic discrimination in premature human infants prior to complete formation of cortical layers

The ontogeny of linguistic functions in the human brain remains elusive. Although some auditory capacities are described before term, whether and how such immature cortical circuits might process speech are unknown. Here we used functional optical imaging to evaluate the cerebral responses to syllables at the earliest age at which cortical responses to external stimuli can be recorded in humans (28- to 32-wk gestational age). At this age, the cortical organization in layers is not completed. Many neurons are still located in the subplate and in the process of migrating to their final location. Nevertheless, we observed several points of similarity with the adult linguistic network. First, whereas syllables elicited larger right than left responses, the posterior temporal region escaped this general pattern, showing faster and more sustained responses over the left than over the right hemisphere. Second, discrimination responses to a change of phoneme (ba vs. ga) and a change of human voice (male vs. female) were already present and involved inferior frontal areas, even in the youngest infants (29-wk gestational age). Third, whereas both types of changes elicited responses in the right frontal region, the left frontal region only reacted to a change of phoneme. These results demonstrate a sophisticated organization of perisylvian areas at the very onset of cortical circuitry, 3 mo before term. They emphasize the influence of innate factors on regions involved in linguistic processing and social communication in humans.
Soil moisture retrieval from space: the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission

Microwave radiometry at low frequencies (L-band: 1.4 GHz, 21 cm) is an established technique for estimating surface soil moisture and sea surface salinity with a suitable sensitivity. However, from space, large antennas (several meters) are required to achieve an adequate spatial resolution at L-band. So as to reduce the problem of putting into orbit a large filled antenna, the possibility of using antenna synthesis methods has been investigated. Such a system, relying on a deployable structure, has now proved to be feasible and has led to the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, which is described. The main objective of the SMOS mission is to deliver key variables of the land surfaces (soil moisture fields), and of ocean surfaces (sea surface salinity fields). The SMOS mission is based on a dual polarized L-band radiometer using aperture synthesis (two-dimensional [2D] interferometer) so as to achieve a ground resolution of 50 km at the swath edges coupled with multiangular acquisitions. The radiometer will enable frequent and global coverage of the globe and deliver surface soil moisture fields over land and sea surface salinity over the oceans. The SMOS mission was proposed to the European Space Agency (ESA) in the framework of the Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions. It was selected for a tentative launch in 2005. The goal of this paper is to present the main aspects of the baseline mission and describe how soil moisture will be retrieved from SMOS data.
A Population-Based Study of Factors Associated With Nocturia in Reproductive-Aged Turkish Women

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of nocturia according to the International Continence Society (ICS) definition in Turkish women and to determine the associated risk factors and the correlation of other voiding symptoms with nocturia. Materials and Methods A prospective epidemiological study was carried out by use of self-reported questionnaires in 4,250 reproductive-aged women from January 2013 to May 2013. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form and a questionnaire developed by the researchers according to the ICS were administered to define nocturia and other lower urinary tract symptoms. Other physical, reproductive, and health characteristics were also recorded concurrently. Results Overall, 1,636 women were included in the final analyses. The women had an average age of 34.4±5.26 years. The overall prevalence of nocturia was 34.7% (567 of 1,636 women). Women with nocturia were older (p<0.001), had a higher body mass index (p=0.026), and had more children (p<0.001). Nocturia occurred more frequently in women with a history of nocturnal enuresis (p<0.001). Three or more pregnancies, 3 or more deliveries, and age >40 years were significant risk factors for nocturia. We also found that other lower urinary tract symptoms correlated significantly (p<0.001) with nocturia. Conclusions Although the prevalence of nocturia is higher with increasing age, younger adults are also affected. Nocturia may cause sleep disorders, mood disturbances, reduced quality of life, and distractibility. Thus, even if one void nightly causes a patient to experience bother, nocturia should be queried about and should be treated if necessary according to the cause of the disease.
miR-30a suppresses osteosarcoma proliferation and metastasis by downregulating MEF2D expression

Many studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in cancer development and progression. miRNA-30a (miR-30a), as a member of the miR-30 family, has been implicated in various cancers. However, the role of miR-30a in osteosarcoma remains unclear. In the current study, we found that miR-30a was significantly downregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In addition, miR-30a could inhibit cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, bioinformatics of miRNA target prediction and luciferase reporter assay indicated that MEF2D is a direct target of miR-30a. miR-30a was able to reduce the mRNA and protein expression of MEF2D as assessed using RT-PCR and Western blotting assay. Interestingly, overexpression of MEF2D partially reversed the miR-30a-reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cell, indicating that miR-30a suppresses osteosarcoma cell proliferation and metastasis partially mediated by inhibition of MEF2D. Overall, our study demonstrated that miR-30a functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting MEF2D in osteosarcoma, providing a promising prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma.
Clinical features and epidemiology of melioidosis pneumonia: results from a 21-year study and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND Melioidosis is an important cause of community-acquired sepsis in Southeast Asia and northern Australia, and pneumonia is the most common presentation. Clinical manifestations range from acute fulminant sepsis to chronic infection mimicking tuberculosis. Pneumonia may be the primary presenting feature, or it can develop secondary to initial disease at a distant focus. METHODS A prospective database of all melioidosis patients at Royal Darwin Hospital (Australia) between 1989 and 2010 was reviewed. RESULTS Of 624 patients with culture-confirmed melioidosis, 319 (51%) presented with pneumonia as the primary diagnosis. Acute/subacute presentations accounted for the majority of primary pneumonia cases (91%); chronic disease was seen less commonly (9%). Secondary pneumonia developed in 20% of patients with other primary melioidosis presentations and was particularly common in those with positive blood cultures. Risk factors for presentation with primary pneumonia (compared with other primary presentations) were rheumatic heart disease or congestive cardiac failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking, and diabetes mellitus, with P < . 05 for these conditions in a multivariate logistic regression model. Patients presenting with pneumonia more frequently developed septic shock (33% vs 10%; P < .001) and died (20% vs 8%; P <.001) compared with patients with other primary presentations. Multilobar disease occurred in 28% of primary pneumonia patients and was associated with greater mortality (32%) than in those with single-lobe disease (14%; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Melioidosis pneumonia is often a rapidly progressive illness with high mortality, particularly among those with multilobar disease. Risk factors have been identified, and early diagnosis and treatment should be priorities.