Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Indirect Sliding Mode Control of Power Converters Via Double Integral Sliding Surface

The steady-state regulation error in power converters that use the conventional hysteresis-modulation-based sliding mode controller can be suppressed through the incorporation of an additional integral term of the state variables into the controller. However, it is found that with the indirect type of sliding mode controller (derived based on the equivalent control approach), the same approach of integral sliding mode control is ineffective in alleviating the converter's steady-state error. Moreover, the error increases as the converter's switching frequency decreases. This paper presents an in-depth study of the phenomenon and offers a solution to the problem. Specifically, it is proposed that an additional double-integral term of the controlled variables to be adopted for constructing the sliding surface of indirect sliding mode controllers. Simulation and experimental results are provided for verification.
Sequence of the relB transcription unit from Escherichia coli and identification of the relB gene.

Escherichia coli relB mutants react to amino acid starvation by several abnormal responses, including accumulation of a translational inhibitor. We have isolated a relB‐complementing plasmid from the Clarke and Carbon E. coli DNA library. From this plasmid we sequenced a 2140‐bp segment which included the relB gene by the following two criteria: (i) it complements chromosomal relB mutations, (ii) the corresponding DNA segment cloned from chromosomal DNA of three relB mutants was defective in relB complementation. All three mutations fell within an open reading frame of 79 amino acids. A polypeptide of 9 kd compatible with this open reading frame was synthesized in maxicells and is in all probability the product of the relB gene. By nuclease S1 mapping we have determined the transcription start and stop of an 870 base transcript of the relB gene.
Modulation of the GABAA Receptor by Srif in Rat Thalamus

Somatostatin has been reported to modulate GABAA receptor complex in many brain structures. This study was conducted to investigate somatostatin modulation of the GABAA receptor binding in several rat diencephalic structures, focusing primarily on the thalamus, as this structure plays important roles. Animals were assigned to control conditions. Changes in specific binding of GABAA receptor as labelled with [35S]t-Butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) were assessed by in vitro quantitative autoradiography with the aid of a computer assisted image analysis system. Our results reveal the presence of higher densities in several thalamic structures located principally in the part of thalamus. We demonstrate for the first time the presence of a modulatory effect of somatostatin on the GABAA receptor complex in this brain region in rats. Indeed, the peptide affected in a concentration-dependent manner; the binding of [35S]-Tertiary Butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) to the convulsant site of the GABAA receptor complex in thalamic structures with an affinity in the micromolar range (10-3 to 3.10-6M). The inhibitory effect of somatostatin is observed in all thalamic structures analyzed. The absence of a specific region effect of somatostatin on the binding of [35S]-TBPS, suggests the presence of a homogenous subunit GABAA receptor composition. Furthermore, GABA and muscimol, a GABAA receptor agonist, enhanced the affinity of somatostatin effect on [35S]-TBPS. This suggests that somatostatin allosterically modifies [35S]-TBPS binding through a mechanism similar to that of GABA.
Matricaria chamomilla CH12 decreases handling stress in Nelore calves

Matricaria chamomilla CH12 is a phytotherapeutic or homeopathic product, which has been used to reduce stress. Here, we examined its effect on preventing handling stress in bovines. Sixty Nelore calves were randomly distributed into two equal groups. One group was administered Matricaria chamomilla CH12 in diet and the other the 'control' was not. Animals in both groups were maintained unstressed for 30 days to adjust to the feeding system and pasture, and were then stressed by constraint on the 31th, 38th, 45th and 60th experimental days. Blood samples were taken on these days after animals had been immobilization in a trunk contention for 5 min. Stress was followed by analyzing serum cortisol levels. These peaked on the 45th day and then decreased, but not to baseline, on the 60th day. On the 45th day cortisol levels were significantly lower in animals fed Matricaria chamomilla CH12, suggesting that this product reduces stress. These effects may be a consequence of its inhibiting cortisol production and its calming and anxiolytic effects.
POS Disambiguation and Unknown Word Guessing with Decision Trees

This paper presents a decision-tree approach to the problems of part-of-speech disambiguation and unknown word guessing as they appear in Modern Greek, a highly inflectional language. The learning procedure is tag-set independent and reflects the linguistic reasoning on the specific problems. The decision trees induced are combined with a high-coverage lexicon to form a tagger that achieves 93, 5% overall disambiguation accuracy.
Fusion of security camera and RSS fingerprinting for indoor multi-person tracking

In this paper the fusion of data from a network of security cameras and RSS fingerprint observations are combined to facilitate the simultaneous tracking of multiple persons inside indoor environments. An objective of the developed algorithm is to utilize existing building infrastructure namely the networks of security cameras and WiFi access points. Additionally minimal initial and maintenance calibration is required as crowdsourcing of the fingerprint mapping and self-calibrating camera processing is an integral component of the algorithm. Experimental results are given that demonstrate the accuracy, robustness and adaptability of the developed tracking algorithm.
Adaptive Sex Allocation in Relation to Hatching Synchrony and Offspring Quality in House Wrens

Increased variance in the reproductive success of males relative to females favors mothers that optimally allocate sons and daughters to maximize their fitness return. In altricial songbirds, one influence on the fitness prospects of offspring arises through the order in which nestlings hatch from their eggs, which affects individual mass and size before nest leaving. In house wrens (Troglodytes aedon), the influence of hatching order depends on the degree of hatching synchrony, with greater variation in nestling mass and size within broods hatching asynchronously than in those hatching synchronously. Early-hatching nestlings in asynchronous broods were heavier and larger than their later-hatching siblings and nestlings in synchronous broods. The effect of hatching order was also sex specific, as the mass of males in asynchronous broods was more strongly influenced by hatching order than the mass of females, with increased variation in the mass of males relative to that of females. As predicted, mothers hatching their eggs asynchronously biased first-laid, first-hatching eggs toward sons and late-laid, late-hatching eggs toward daughters, whereas females hatching their eggs synchronously distributed the sexes randomly among the eggs of their clutch. We conclude that females allocate the sex of their offspring among the eggs of their clutch in a manner that maximizes their own fitness.
Immunogenetic and microbial factors in acute anterior uveitis.

OBJECTIVE To characterize the rheumatic diseases associated with acute anterior uveitis and examine the potential role of Yersinia enterocolitica in the pathogenesis of acute anterior uveitis. METHODS 44 patients with acute anterior uveitis were assessed for evidence of an underlying rheumatic syndrome by history and examination. HLA profiles were identified by serologic and molecular techniques. Serological analysis of patients' sera for the presence of antibodies to Y. enterocolitica was by Western blot. RESULTS 30 of the 44 patients had musculoskeletal symptoms. Of these, 8 had ankylosing spondylitis, 4 reactive arthritis, 2 undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy (SpA), 2 inflammatory bowel disease, one seronegative polyarthritis, and 13 mechanical back pain. Of 42 patients typed, 29 (69%) were HLA B27 positive and an additional 7 patients expressed a crossreactive group antigen (86% of total group B27 or CREG positive). Western blot analysis of the sera revealed increased frequency of antibodies to Yersinia compared with a control population. Antibodies directed against the 36 and 27 kDa Yersinia antigens were recognized with greater frequency (p < 0.05) in patients with acute anterior uveitis than in controls. IgG reactivity was more pronounced than IgA reactivity. Adsorption studies showed significant cross reactivity of anti-Yersinia antibodies with Salmonella typhimurium. Among the patients with acute anterior uveitis anti-Yersinia reactivity did not correlate with the HLA profile, nor with the presence of an underlying rheumatic disease. CONCLUSION SpA represent the commonest underlying rheumatic disorders associated with acute anterior uveitis. The majority of patients with acute anterior uveitis possess HLA-B27 regardless of whether there is underlying SpA. Patients with acute anterior uveitis show increased frequency of anti-Yersinia antibodies compared with controls. Many of these antibodies appear to be directed against antigenic determinants shared among gram negative bacteria and thus cannot constitute definitive evidence for a causal role specifically for Yersinia in acute anterior uveitis. Acute anterior uveitis represents an interplay of host susceptibility and microbial triggers, as is the case for the SpA in general.
sAPP modulates iron efflux from brain microvascular endothelial cells by stabilizing the ferrous iron exporter ferroportin

A sequence within the E2 domain of soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPP) stimulates iron efflux. This activity has been attributed to a ferroxidase activity suggested for this motif. We demonstrate that the stimulation of efflux supported by this peptide and by sAPPα is due to their stabilization of the ferrous iron exporter, ferroportin (Fpn), in the plasma membrane of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMVEC). The peptide does not bind ferric iron explaining why it does not and thermodynamically cannot promote ferrous iron autoxidation. This peptide specifically pulls Fpn down from the plasma membrane of hBMVEC; based on these results, FTP, for ferroportin‐targeting peptide, correctly identifies the function of this peptide. The data suggest that in stabilizing Fpn via the targeting due to the FTP sequence, sAPP will increase the flux of iron into the cerebral interstitium. This inference correlates with the observation of significant iron deposition in the amyloid plaques characteristic of Alzheimer's disease.
Foliations Ofsurfaces and Semi-mark Oviansubsets Ofsubshifts Offlnite Type

| Let S be a closed surface of genus g 2. In this paper, we consider a space, which we call F , of equivalence classes of measured foliations of S, de ned as the quotient of Thurston's measured foliation space where one forgets the transverse measure associated to a measured foliation. We give a presentation, in the sense of symbolic dynamics, of the action of a pseudo-Anosov mapping class of M in the neighborhood of its attracting xed point in F . The action is semi-Markovian. The elements of the combinatorics associated to the presentation consist in an invariant train track with a marking on its set of vertices and a certain number of elementary moves on it. AMS Classi cation: 58F03, 54H20 57N05, 57R30
Expression of mannose 6‐phosphate receptors in chicken

In mammals, the sorting of newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes is accomplished by two mannose 6‐phosphate receptors (MPR) designated MPR46 and MPR300. MPR300 has an additional function in clearing the nongly‐cosylated insulin‐like growth factor II (IGFII). The distinct expression pattern of the two MPR has been ascribed to the control of MPR300 expression by IGFII. In lower vertebrates, such as chickens or frogs, only MPR300 homologues have been described. These MPR300 homologues do not bind IGFII. In the present study, we examined whether lower vertebrates such as chickens also express two types of MPR and, if so, whether the expression pattern is distinct or similar. We were able to clone chicken cDNA fragments homologous to mammalian MPR46 and MPR300 and to show the synthesis of respective MPR polypeptides, thus establishing the existence of two types of MPR also in a nonmammalian species. Further, we analyzed the expression of the two MPR in chicken by Northern blotting and in situ hybridization. High levels of MPR46 and MPR300 RNA were detectable in epithelia, ganglia, and uropoietic system of chicken embryos. In a number of embryonic and adult tissues, varying ratios of MPR46 and MPR300 RNA were observed. The expression pattern for both MPR46 and MPR300 was distinct, although less pronounced than in mice. We conclude that functional differences unrelated to the additional function of the mammalian MPR300 as a receptor clearing IGFII are responsible for the distinct expression of the two MPR in nonmammalian, and probably also in mammalian, species. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
UV-solvent annealing of PDMS-majority and PS-majority PS-b-PDMS block copolymer films

The response of polystyrene-block-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PS-b-PDMS) thin films to UV exposure during solvent vapor annealing is described, in order to improve their applicability in nanolithography and nanofabrication. Two BCPs were examined, one with the PS block as majority (fPS = 68%, Mn = 53 kg mol−1), the other with PDMS block as majority (fPDMS = 67%, Mn = 44 kg mol−1). A 5 min UV irradiation was applied during solvent vapor annealing which led to both partial crosslinking of the polymer and a small increase in the temperature of the annealing chamber. This approach was effective for improving the correlation length of the self-assembled microdomain arrays and in limiting subsequent flow of the PDMS in the PDMS-majority BCP to preserve the post-anneal morphology. Ordering and orientation of microdomains were controlled by directed self-assembly of the BCPs in trench substrates. Highly-ordered perpendicular nanochannel arrays were obtained in the PDMS-majority BCP.
An Overview of 3D Graphics

Almost every major application of computers requires the construction and manipulation within the computer of a model representing some entity or artefact in the outside world which is being designed or analysed. Often a single model is inadequate for all the different manipulations that are required, so several different models of the same object may be constructed, with transformations defined between them. (This is common, for example, in geometric modelling.)
The Molecular Basis for Kinesin Functional Specificity During Mitosis

Microtubule‐based motor proteins play key roles during mitosis to assemble the bipolar spindle, define the cell division axis, and align and segregate the chromosomes. The majority of mitotic motors are members of the kinesin superfamily. Despite sharing a conserved catalytic core, each kinesin has distinct functions and localization, and is uniquely regulated in time and space. These distinct behaviors and functional specificity are generated by variations in the enzymatic domain as well as the non‐conserved regions outside of the kinesin motor domain and the stalk. These flanking regions can directly modulate the properties of the kinesin motor through dimerization or self‐interactions, and can associate with extrinsic factors, such as microtubule or DNA binding proteins, to provide additional functional properties. This review discusses the recently identified molecular mechanisms that explain how the control and functional specification of mitotic kinesins is achieved. © 2013 The Authors. Cytoskeleton, Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correcting Spatial Variance of RCM for GEO SAR Imaging Based on Time-Frequency Scaling

Compared with low-Earth orbit synthetic aperture radar (SAR), a geosynchronous (GEO) SAR can have a shorter revisit period and vaster coverage. However, relative motion between this SAR and targets is more complicated, which makes range cell migration (RCM) spatially variant along both range and azimuth. As a result, efficient and precise imaging becomes difficult. This paper analyzes and models spatial variance for GEO SAR in the time and frequency domains. A novel algorithm for GEO SAR imaging with a resolution of 2 m in both the ground cross-range and range directions is proposed, which is composed of five steps. The first is to eliminate linear azimuth variance through the first azimuth time scaling. The second is to achieve RCM correction and range compression. The third is to correct residual azimuth variance by the second azimuth time-frequency scaling. The fourth and final steps are to accomplish azimuth focusing and correct geometric distortion. The most important innovation of this algorithm is implementation of the time-frequency scaling to correct high-order azimuth variance. As demonstrated by simulation results, this algorithm can accomplish GEO SAR imaging with good and uniform imaging quality over the entire swath.
Making Evaluation Robust but Robust to What ?

Generalization is at the core of evaluation, we estimate the performance of a model on data we have never seen but expect to encounter later on. Our current evaluation procedures assume that the data already seen is a random sample of the domain from which all future data will be drawn. Unfortunately, in practical situations this is rarely the case. Changes in the underlying probabilities will occur and we must evaluate how robust our models to such differences. This paper takes the position that models should be robust in two senses. Firstly, that any small changes in the joint probabilities should not cause large changes in performance. Secondly, that when the dependencies between attributes and the class are constant and only the marginals change, simple adjustments should be sufficient to restore a model’s performance. This paper is intended to generate debate on how measures of robustness might become part of our normal evaluation procedures. Certainly some clear demonstrations of robustness would improve our confidence in our models’ practical merits.
Using Co-occurrence Statistics as an Information Source for Partial Parsing of Chinese

Our partial parser for Chinese uses a learned classifier to guide a bottom-up parsing process. We describe improvements in performance obtained by expanding the information available to the classifier, from POS sequences only, to include measures of word association derived from co-occurrence statistics. We compare performance using different measures of association, and find that Yule's coefficient of colligation Y gives somewhat better results over other measures.
The E. coli molecular phenotype under different growth conditions

Modern systems biology requires extensive, carefully curated measurements of cellular components in response to different environmental conditions. While high-throughput methods have made transcriptomics and proteomics datasets widely accessible and relatively economical to generate, systematic measurements of both mRNA and protein abundances under a wide range of different conditions are still relatively rare. Here we present a detailed, genome-wide transcriptomics and proteomics dataset of E. coli grown under 34 different conditions. Additionally, we provide measurements of doubling times and in-vivo metabolic fluxes through the central carbon metabolism. We manipulate concentrations of sodium and magnesium in the growth media, and we consider four different carbon sources glucose, gluconate, lactate, and glycerol. Moreover, samples are taken both in exponential and stationary phase, and we include two extensive time-courses, with multiple samples taken between 3 hours and 2 weeks. We find that exponential-phase samples systematically differ from stationary-phase samples, in particular at the level of mRNA. Regulatory responses to different carbon sources or salt stresses are more moderate, but we find numerous differentially expressed genes for growth on gluconate and under salt and magnesium stress. Our data set provides a rich resource for future computational modeling of E. coli gene regulation, transcription, and translation.
Let's face it. A review of Keenan, Gallup, & Falk's book "The Face in the Mirror"

Using neuroimaging experiments and neuropsychological case studies, Keenan mainly examines the neural basis of mirror self-recognition (MSR) and Theory of Mind (TOM), and proposes that self-awareness is dominantly associated with areas of the right hemisphere. I believe that this conclusion is both inflated and premature. MSR is only superficially related to genuine, fully mature human self-awareness. Furthermore, TOM should not be equated with self-awareness because some forms of it (e.g., self-rumination) actually interfere with thinking about others' mental states. One more general (and serious) problem with the book is the proposal that because MSR and TOM are mainly generated by right hemispheric activity, then it follows that self-awareness itself is associated with activity of the same hemisphere. Recent studies on autobiographical memory and self-description also indicate left hemispheric activity
Dimensionality Reduction 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Classes of Dimensionality Reduction Problems

This chapter introduces and defines the problem of dimensionality reduction, discusses the topics of the curse of the dimensionality and the intrinsic dimensionality and then surveys non-probabilistic methods for dimen-sionality reduction, that is, methods that do not define a probabilistic model for the data. These include linear methods (PCA, projection pursuit), nonlinear autoassociators, kernel methods, local dimensionality reduction, principal curves, vector quantisation methods (elastic net, self-organising map) and multidimensional scaling methods. One of these methods (the elastic net) does define a probabilistic model but not a continuous di-mensionality reduction mapping. If one is interested in stochastically modelling the dimensionality reduction mapping then the natural choice are latent variable models, discussed in chapter 2. We close the chapter with a summary and with some thoughts on dimensionality reduction with discrete variables. Consider an application in which a system processes data in the form of a collection of real-valued vectors: speech signals, images, etc. Suppose that the system is only effective if the dimension of each individual vector—the number of components of the vector—is not too high, where high depends on the particular application. The problem of dimensionality reduction appears when the data are in fact of a higher dimension than tolerated. For example, take the following typical cases: • A face recognition/classification system based on m × n greyscale images which, by row concatenation, can be transformed into mn-dimensional real vectors. In practice, one could have images of m = n = 256, or 65536-dimensional vectors; if, say, a multilayer perceptron was to be used as the classification system, the number of weights would be exceedingly large and would require an enormous training set to avoid overfitting. Therefore we need to reduce the dimension. While a crude solution in this case would be to simply scale down the images to a manageable size, more elaborate approaches exist. • A statistical analysis of a multivariate population. Typically there will be a few variables and the analyst is interested in finding clusters or other structure of the population and/or interpreting the variables. To that aim, it is quite convenient to visualise the data, which requires reducing its dimensionality to 2 or 3. Therefore, in a number of occasions it can be useful or even necessary to first reduce the dimensionality of the data to a manageable size, keeping as much of the original information as possible, and then feed the reduced-dimension data into …