Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gestural communication in subadult bonobos (Pan paniscus): Repertoire and use

This article aims to provide an inventory of the communicative gestures used by bonobos (Pan paniscus), based on observations of subadult bonobos and descriptions of gestural signals and similar behaviors in wild and captive bonobo groups. In addition, we focus on the underlying processes of social cognition, including learning mechanisms and flexibility of gesture use (such as adjustment to the attentional state of the recipient). The subjects were seven bonobos, aged 1–8 years, living in two different groups in captivity. Twenty distinct gestures (one auditory, eight tactile, and 11 visual) were recorded. We found individual differences and similar degrees of concordance of the gestural repertoires between and within groups, which provide evidence that ontogenetic ritualization is the main learning process involved. There is suggestive evidence, however, that some form of social learning may be responsible for the acquisition of special gestures. Overall, the present study establishes that the gestural repertoire of bonobos can be characterized as flexible and adapted to various communicative circumstances, including the attentional state of the recipient. Differences from and similarities to the other African ape species are discussed. Am. J. Primatol. 65:39–61, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hierarchical control of piecewise affine hybrid systems

This paper extends the hierarchical control structures in [4], [6], [17] to the important class of piecewise affine (PWA) hybrid systems. In particular, we extend the notions of dynamical consistency (DC), hybrid in-block controllable (HIBC) partitions and DC partition machines to PWA hybrid systems. Using these notions, we show that if an HIBC partition of the state space is constructed, then controllability of the PWA hybrid system can be easily checked from the associated DC partition machine. Then, we construct the lattice of HIBC partitions and use it to build a hierarchical control structure of the system in which a control objective at any level of abstraction can be realized by state dependent control sequences at the lower levels.
Molecular forms, binding functions, and developmental expression patterns of cytotactin and cytotactin-binding proteoglycan, an interactive pair of extracellular matrix molecules

Cytotactin is an extracellular matrix protein that is found in a restricted distribution and is related to developmental patterning at a number of neural and non-neural sites. It has been shown to bind specifically to other extracellular matrix components including a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (cytotactin-binding [CTB] proteoglycan) and fibronectin. Cell binding experiments have revealed that cytotactin interacts with neurons and fibroblasts. When isolated from brain, both cytotactin and CTB proteoglycan contain the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope. Here, specific antibodies prepared against highly purified cytotactin and CTB proteoglycan were used to correlate the biochemical alterations and modes of binding of these proteins with their differential tissue expression as a function of time and place during chicken embryo development. It was found that, during neural development, both the levels of expression of cytotactin and CTB proteoglycan and of the molecular forms of each molecule varied, following different time courses. In addition, a novel Mr 250,000 form of cytotactin was detected that contained chondroitin sulfate. The intermolecular binding of cytotactin and CTB proteoglycan and the binding of cytotactin to fibroblasts were characterized further and found to be inhibited by EDTA, consistent with a dependence on divalent cations. Unlike the molecules from neural tissue, cytotactin and CTB proteoglycan isolated from non-neural tissues such as fibroblasts lacked the HNK-1 epitope. Nevertheless, the intermolecular and cellular binding activities of cytotactin isolated from fibroblast culture medium were comparable to those of the molecule isolated from brain, suggesting that the HNK-1 epitope is not directly involved in binding. Binding experiments involving enzymatically altered molecules that lack chondroitin sulfate suggested that this glycosaminoglycan is also not directly involved in binding. Although they clearly formed a binding couple, the spatial distributions of cytotactin and CTB proteoglycan in the embryo were not always coincident. They were similar in tissue sections from the cerebellum, gizzard, and vascular smooth muscle. In contrast, CTB proteoglycan was present in cardiac muscle where no cytotactin is present, and it was seen in cartilage throughout development unlike cytotactin, which was present only in immature chondrocytes. Cell culture experiments were consistent with the previous conclusion that cytotactin was specifically synthesized by glia, whereas CTB proteoglycan was specifically synthesized by neurons. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Heart Disease May Be a Risk Factor for Pulmonary Embolism Without Peripheral Deep Venous Thrombosis

Background— Heart diseases increase the risk of arterial embolism; whether they increase the risk of pulmonary embolism without peripheral venous thrombosis is less certain. Methods and Results— We conducted a nationwide, population-based case-control study in Denmark using patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism and/or deep venous thrombosis between 1980 and 2007. We computed odds ratios to estimate relative risks associating preceding heart disease with pulmonary embolism, pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis, or deep venous thrombosis alone. In this study, 45 282 patients had pulmonary embolism alone, 4680 had pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis, and 59 790 had deep venous thrombosis alone; 541 561 were population controls. Myocardial infarction and heart failure in the preceding 3 months conferred high risks of apparently isolated pulmonary embolism (odds ratio, 43.5 [95% confidence interval (CI), 39.6–47.8] and 32.4 [95% CI, 29.8–35.2], respectively), whereas the risks of combined pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis (19.7 [95% CI, 16.0–24.2] and 22.1 [95% CI, 18.7–26.0], respectively) and deep venous thrombosis alone (9.6 [95% CI, 8.6–10.7] and 12.7 [95% CI, 11.6–13.9], respectively) were lower. Left-sided valvular disease was associated with an odds ratio of 13.5 (95% CI, 11.3–16.1), whereas the odds ratio was 74.6 (95% CI, 28.4–195.8) for right-sided valvular disease. Restricting the analysis to cases diagnosed after 2000 led to lower risk estimates but the same overall pattern. Conclusion— Heart diseases increase the near-term risk for pulmonary embolism not associated with diagnosed peripheral vein thrombosis.
Lower and Upper Approximations for Depleting Modules of Description Logic Ontologies

It is known that no algorithm can extract the minimal depleting Σ-module from ontologies in expressive description logics (DLs). Thus research has focused on algorithms that approximate minimal depleting modules 'from above' by computing a depleting module that is not necessarily minimal. The first contribution of this paper is an implementation (AMEX) of such a depleting module extraction algorithm for expressive acyclic DL ontologies that uses a QBF solver for checking conservative extensions relativised to singleton interpretations. To evaluate AMEX and other module extraction algorithms we propose an algorithm approximating minimal depleting modules 'from below' (which also uses a QBF solver). We present experiments based on NCI (the National Cancer Institute Thesaurus) that indicate that our lower approximation often coincides with (or is very close to) the upper approximation computed by AMEX, thus proving for the first time that an approximation algorithm for minimal depleting modules can be almost optimal on a large ontology. We use the same technique to evaluate locality-based module extraction and a hybrid approach on NCI.
Acute and Long-Term Increase in Fracture Risk After Hospitalization for Stroke

Background and Purpose— The aims of this study were to determine the magnitude of the increase in fracture risk after hospitalization for stroke, and in particular to determine the time course of this risk. Methods— The records of the Swedish register of patients admitted during 1987–1996 were examined to identify all patients who were admitted to the hospital for stroke. Patients were followed for subsequent hospitalizations for hip and all fractures combined. We analyzed 16.3 million hospitalizations, from which 273 288 individuals with stroke were identified. A Poisson model was used to determine the absolute risk of subsequent fractures and the risk compared with that of the general population. Results— After hospitalization for stroke, there was a >7-fold increase in fracture risk, including that for hip fracture within the first year after hospitalization for stroke. Thereafter, fracture risk declined toward, but did not attain, the baseline risk except in men and women aged ≥80 years. Conclusions— The high incidence of new fractures within the first year of hospitalization for stroke suggests that such patients should be preferentially targeted for treatment. It is possible that short courses of treatment at the time of stroke would provide important therapeutic dividends.
On the Benefits of Vulnerability Data Consolidation in Application Security

This research aims to build upon a conceptual idea of consolidating all application security vulnerability data from monitoring, detection, and discovery tools into a physical system that allows for convergence of observation and response to an event that is a threat. Multiple application security testing and monitoring tools are deployed at different layers of an application architecture and capture activities that occur at that layer. This multi-layer data capture is disconnected without any analysis of data lineage from the externally exposed web attack surface to deep down into the application and data layers. It is only through this data consolidation can one provide a reliable statistical analysis of correlating multiple vulnerability information and synthesize an attack pattern and predict possible events accurately. The benefits of such a system are discussed in this paper that includes how one can organize the data, identifying temporal and spatial correlation of events, focusing on specific web requests that point to a specific vulnerability, and formulating a fast response to such events. Advantages of integrating with Security Information and Event Management (SIEM), Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR/XSOAR), Extended Detection Response (XDR) are briefly discussed. The analysis can be further used to develop a predictive system using deep learning (DL) techniques using correlation of application security vulnerability information.
Incremental construction of the saturated-GVG for multi-hypothesis topological SLAM

The generalized Voronoi graph (GVG) is a topological representation of an environment that can be incrementally constructed with a mobile robot using sensor-based control. However, because of sensor range limitations, the GVG control law will fail when the robot moves into a large open area. This paper discusses an extended GVG approach to topological navigation and mapping: the saturated generalized Voronoi graph (S-GVG), for which the robot employs an additional wall-following behavior to navigate along obstacles at the range limit of the sensor. In this paper, we build upon previous work related to the S-GVG and provide two important contributions: 1) a rigorous discussion of the control laws and algorithm modifications that are necessary for incremental construction of the S-GVG with a mobile robot, and 2) a method for incorporating the S-GVG into a novel multi-hypothesis SLAM algorithm for loop-closing and localization. Experiments with a wheeled mobile robot in an office-like environment validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Error Feedback Output Regulation of Bounded Uniformly Continuous Signals for Infinite-Dimensional Linear Systems

In this article we present sufficient conditions for the existence of an error feedback controller which solves an output regulation problem for infinite-dimensional systems and bounded uniformly continuous reference/disturbance signals. The given sufficient conditions involve strong stability of the closed loop semigroup and solvability of two pairs of regulator equations; one for the plant and one for the error feedback controller. The proof of this sufficient condition relies on an argument originally due to Francis, in which the error feedback output regulation problem is solved as a feedforward control problem for the extended system. A delay-differential equation example is presented to illustrate the theory.
Improved Reordering Rules for Hierarchical Phrase-Based Translation

Hierarchical phrase-based translation model has been proven to be a simple and powerful machine translation model. However, due to the computational complexity constraints, the extraction and use of hierarchical rules are usually restricted under certain limits, and these limits could have a negative impact on the performance of the translation model, especially for reordering. This paper presents a solution to improve the reordering of hierarchical phrase-based translation model. We propose a two-step method to extract improved reordering rules with less limits. These reordering rules help both local and non-local reordering, and could be incorporated to a hierarchical phrase-based translation system easily. Experiments show that our approach achieves statistically significant improvements over the baseline system in Chinese-English translation.
Systematic Multiscale Models for the Tropics

Systematic multi-scale perturbation theory is utilized to develop self-consistent simplified model equations for the interaction across multiple spatial and/or temporal scales in the tropics. One of these models involves simplified equations for intraseasonal planetary equatorial synoptic scale dynamics (IPESD). This model includes the self-consistent quasi-linear interaction of synoptic scale generalized steady Matsuno-Webster-Gill models with planetary scale dynamics of equatorial long waves. These new models have the potential for providing self-consistent prognostic and diagnostic models for the intraseasonal tropical oscillation. Other applications of the systematic approach reveal three different balanced weak temperature gradient (WTG) approximations for the tropics with different regimes of validity in space and time: a synoptic equatorial scale WTG (SEWTG), a mesoscale equatorial WTG (MEWTG) which reduces to the classical models treated by others, and a new seasonal planetary equatorial WTG (SPEWTG). Both the SPEWTG and MEWTG model equations have solutions with general vertical structure yet have the linearized dispersion relation of barotropic Rossby waves; thus, these models can play an important role in theories for midlatitude connections with the tropics. The models are derived both from the equatorial shallow water equations in a simplified context and also as distinguished limits from the compressible primitive equations in general.
Blood Pressure Estimation Using Pulse Transit Time From Bioimpedance and Continuous Wave Radar

<italic>Objective:</italic> We have developed and tested a new architecture for pulse transit time (PTT) estimation at the central arteries using electrical bioimpedance, electrocardiogram, and continuous wave radar to estimate cuffless blood pressure. <italic>Methods:</italic> A transmitter and receiver antenna are placed at the sternum to acquire the arterial pulsation at the aortic arch. A four-electrode arrangement across the shoulders acquires arterial pulse across the carotid and subclavian arteries from bioimpedance as well as a bipolar lead I electrocardiogram. The PTT and pulse arrival times (PATs) are measured on six healthy male subjects during exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Using linear regression, the estimated PAT and PTT values are calibrated to the systolic and mean as well as diastolic blood pressure from an oscillometric device. <italic>Results:</italic> For all subjects, the Pearson correlation coefficients for PAT–SBP and PTT–SBP are −0.66 (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001) and −0.48 (<italic>p</italic> = 0.0029), respectively. Correlation coefficients for individual subjects ranged from −0.54 to −0.9 and −0.37 to −0.95, respectively. <italic>Conclusion:</italic> The proposed system architecture is promising in estimating cuffless arterial blood pressure at the central, proximal arteries, which obey the Moens–Korteweg equation more closely when compared to peripheral arteries. <italic>Significance:</italic> An important advantage of PTT from the carotid and subclavian arteries is that the PTT over the central elastic arteries is measured instead of the peripheral arteries, which potentially reduces the changes in PTT due to vasomotion. Furthermore, the sensors can be completely hidden under a patients clothes, making them more acceptable by the patient for ambulatory monitoring.
Estimating Intervention Effects in a Complex Multi-Level Smoking Prevention Study

This paper illustrates how to estimate cumulative and non-cumulative treatment effects in a complex school-based smoking intervention study. The Instrumental Variable method is used to tackle non-compliance and measurement error for a range of treatment exposure measures (binary, ordinal and continuous) in the presence of clustering and dropout. The results are compared to more routine analyses. The empirical findings from this study provide little encouragement for believing that poorly resourced school-based interventions can bring about substantial long-lasting reductions in smoking behaviour but that novel components such as a computer game might have some short-term effect.
Effect of long‐term exposure to simazine on brain and muscle acetylcholinesterase activity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Several water‐contamination incidents with simazine have occurred in the province of Badajoz (Spain), due to its excessive use for controlling weeds in olive trees and vineyards. Simazine residues were also detected in drinking water, increasing public health concern. However, little is known on the effects that low levels of simazine pose to environment organisms. We investigated if residues of simazine in the natural waters would affect brain and muscle acetylcholinesterase activity in common carps captured in areas in which simazine residues were detected at average levels of 4.5 μg/L. Results confirmed depression on brain and muscle acetylcholinesterase activity of 20% and 29%, respectively, in carps inhabiting one of the simazine‐contaminated ponds, termed “Molinos de Matachel. ” To assess the biological significance of this finding, we developed a controlled laboratory study in which carps were exposed to simazine at 45 μg/L (10‐fold that of the natural water levels) for 90 days. The results obtained in the field study were not confirmed in our laboratory experiment, since carps did not show evidence or brain or muscle acetylcholinesterase activity depression for the duration of the experiment, and therefore, we can conclude that acetylcholinesterase depression found in carps collected in “Molinos de Matachel” should be ascribed to other compounds or mixtures of xenobiotics. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2008.
A study of intensity, fatigue and precision in two specific interval trainings in young tennis players: high-intensity interval training versus intermittent interval training

Background The aim of this study is to find the differences between two specific interval exercises. We begin with the hypothesis that the use of microintervals of work and rest allow for greater intensity of play and a reduction in fatigue. Methods Thirteen competition-level male tennis players took part in two interval training exercises comprising nine 2 min series, which consisted of hitting the ball with cross-court forehand and backhand shots, behind the service box. One was a high-intensity interval training (HIIT), made up of periods of continuous work lasting 2 min, and the other was intermittent interval training (IIT), this time with intermittent 2 min intervals, alternating periods of work with rest periods. Average heart rate (HR) and lactate levels were registered in order to observe the physiological intensity of the two exercises, along with the Borg Scale results for perceived exertion and the number of shots and errors in order to determine the intensity achieved and the degree of fatigue throughout the exercise. Results There were no significant differences in the average heart rate, lactate or the Borg Scale. Significant differences were registered, on the other hand, with a greater number of shots in the first two HIIT series (series 1 p>0.009; series 2 p>0.056), but not in the third. The number of errors was significantly lower in all the IIT series (series 1 p<0.035; series 2 p<0.010; series 3 p<0.001). Conclusion Our study suggests that high-intensity intermittent training allows for greater intensity of play in relation to the real time spent on the exercise, reduced fatigue levels and the maintaining of greater precision in specific tennis-related exercises.
Spatio-temporal Aware Non-negative Component Representation for Action Recognition

This paper presents a novel mid-level representation for action recognition, named spatio-temporal aware non-negative component representation (STANNCR). The proposed STANNCR is based on action component and incorporates the spatial-temporal information. We first introduce a spatial-temporal distribution vector (STDV) to model the distributions of local feature locations in a compact and discriminative manner. Then we employ non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to learn the action components and encode the video samples. The action component considers the correlations of visual words, which effectively bridge the sematic gap in action recognition. To incorporate the spatial-temporal cues for final representation, the STDV is used as the part of graph regularization for NMF. The fusion of spatial-temporal information makes the STANNCR more discriminative, and our fusion manner is more compact than traditional method of concatenating vectors. The proposed approach is extensively evaluated on three public datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of STANNCR for action recognition.
Physical studies by NMR and circular dichroism determining three structurally different domains in Physarum polycephalum histone H1.

Combined studies which include, NMR spectroscopy, circular dichroism, amino acid analysis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis together show that the protein designated as histone H1 from Physarum polycephalum has many of the features of histone H1 derived from other sources. The molecular masses of the globular peptide and the whole molecule were found to be 9000 +/- 1000 Da and 33000 +/- 3000 Da respectively. NMR melting experiments showed that the half-melt temperature was 53 +/- 1 degree C and the enthalpy of melting was 100 kJ . mol-1. Unusual facets of the molecule are the relatively large numbers of histidine residues (6 or 7) and the mono, di and trimethylation of some of the lysines, the major type of modification being trimethylation of 9 +/- 2 residues. The conditions necessary for structuring Physarum H1 are not the same as the histone H1 from calf thymus. It is suggested that titration of the histidine residues is the most decisive step for the development of tertiary folding of the globular unit.