Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Soft actuator for hand rehabilitation

As we all know, rigid structure is the universal form of robots. They can be controlled accurately, but are not suitable enough for applying in rehabilitation, especially for hands. Human's hands have some complicated patterns of movement and narrow joint range of motion, so rigid accessory equipment may cause secondary injury. For the purpose of avoiding this potential risk, the idea of applying soft structure to hand rehabilitation robot is presented in this paper. The soft robot is a new research direction in the field of robot industry, especially in rehabilitation. The soft actuator we presented is made of liquid silicone and thread, and can be tied to the back of human's hands. When it is inflated or deflated, a bending and stretching motion of hands follow with the deformation of soft actuators. It works by deforming repeatedly. The soft actuator has some advantages such as portable, lightweight, low-cost, safe, low-impedance and so on. It works well by the cooperation of vacuum pump which can provide incessant air and solenoid valve which is used for reversing. In the whole system, force sensing resistor and bending sensor are used in the experiments. In order to prove that the soft actuator can work smoothly, we had a test to explore the relationship between air inflow and bending angle. The result that their relationship is close to a straight line means controlling easily and working well. Beacons of these advantages the soft robots have, a wide application prospect in rehabilitation or other fields is available.
Existence and Uniqueness of Normal Forms in Pure Type Systems with βη-conversion

Pure Type Systems (PTSβs) provide a parametric framework for typed λ-calculi à la Church [1,2,10,11]. One important aspect of PTSβs is to feature a definitional equality based on β-conversion. In some instances however, one desires a stronger definitional equality based on βη-conversion. The need for such a strengthened definitional equality arises for example when using type theory as a logical framework or in categorical type theory. Pure Type Systems with βη-conversion (PTSβηs) [9,10,17] form a variant of PTSβs in which definitional equality is understood as βη-conversion. However, the meta-theory of PTSβηs is significantly more complex than the one of PTSβs, see loc. cit., because βη-reduction is not confluent on the set of untyped terms [16]. In fact, Geuvers and Werner [12] have shown that such proofs ought to rely on normalization and cannot be achieved by combinatorial means. η-expansion →η is an alternative computational interpretation of η-conversion, with numerous applications in categorical rewriting, unification and partial evaluation, see [7] for a survey and references. However, the theory of η-expansion and of the associated notion of βη-long normal form remains largely unexplored for dependent types, despite preliminary investigations in [8,13]. This paper is concerned with the Existence and Uniqueness of Normal Forms and confluence for→βη and→βη. Our work builds upon, clarifies and generalizes previous work in the area, especially [8,9,10,13,17]. Our motivations are threefold:
Amphetamine Elicits Opposing Actions on Readily Releasable and Reserve Pools for Dopamine

Amphetamine, a highly addictive drug with therapeutic efficacy, exerts paradoxical effects on the fundamental communication modes employed by dopamine neurons in modulating behavior. While amphetamine elevates tonic dopamine signaling by depleting vesicular stores and driving non-exocytotic release through reverse transport, this psychostimulant also activates phasic dopamine signaling by up-regulating vesicular dopamine release. We hypothesized that these seemingly incongruent effects arise from amphetamine depleting the reserve pool and enhancing the readily releasable pool. This novel hypothesis was tested using in vivo voltammetry and stimulus trains of varying duration to access different vesicular stores. We show that amphetamine actions are stimulus dependent in the dorsal striatum. Specifically, amphetamine up-regulated vesicular dopamine release elicited by a short-duration train, which interrogates the readily releasable pool, but depleted release elicited by a long-duration train, which interrogates the reserve pool. These opposing actions of vesicular dopamine release were associated with concurrent increases in tonic and phasic dopamine responses. A link between vesicular depletion and tonic signaling was supported by results obtained for amphetamine in the ventral striatum and cocaine in both striatal sub-regions, which demonstrated augmented vesicular release and phasic signals only. We submit that amphetamine differentially targeting dopamine stores reconciles the paradoxical activation of tonic and phasic dopamine signaling. Overall, these results further highlight the unique and region-distinct cellular mechanisms of amphetamine and may have important implications for its addictive and therapeutic properties.
The destructive side of branding: A heuristic model for analyzing the value of branding practice

Scholarship on branding has made important contributions in terms of the value-creating function of branding. However, previous literature has overemphasized the creation of value for organizations at the expense of an understanding of the destructive side of branding for organizations and society. Drawing on the work of Boltanski and Thevénot, we theorize value as different in separate ‘worlds of worth’ and offer a competing approach, arguing that the organizational practice of branding simultaneously and inevitably involves value-destructive aspects. In addition, to enable analysis of these value-destructive aspects, we argue that new understandings of what branding is are needed, and therefore, we introduce two new metaphors: branding as discursive closure and branding as hypocrisy. Based on these conceptual developments, the article offers a heuristic model for analyzing how, and what types of, value may be destroyed in organizational branding practice. We thereby contribute with a critical understanding of organizational branding that acknowledges the conflictual relationship between value regimes and enables a balanced analysis of the social consequences of branding.
Psychometric Properties of the CES-D Among Black Adolescents in Public Housing

Objective: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) has not been fully validated as a depression screening scale among Black adolescents. This study examines the psychometric properties of the CES-D as applied to Black adolescents, seeking to understand the unique way in which Black adolescents express their depression symptoms. Method: We hypothesized that the expression and factor structure of depressive symptoms measured by CES-D would be different when applied to Black adolescents. Black adolescents (N = 782) ages 11–21 were recruited from 9 urban public housing developments in 4 large U.S. cities. Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were used to compare the fit of competing models. Convergent validity of the CES-D was examined via associations with gender, age, and suicidal ideation in the ESEM model. Results: Instead of the original 4-factor structure of the CES-D, a 2-factor ESEM model demonstrated satisfactory fit to our data (CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.04). Compared with females, Black males were less likely to endorse positive affect items of the CES-D (r = −0.13, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Conceptualizations of depression among Black adolescents may differ from any other populations previously studied. Clinicians should assess the unique expression of depression among Black youth when developing treatment plans.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF SUPPLIER DISCOVERY VIA ONTOLOGY-DRIVEN SEMANTIC REASONING

Due to market’s demanding needs of high quality and low cost products, global manufacturers must be competitive in forming and operating dynamic supply chains from raw material sourcing up to global retailing and marketing. This paper proposes a conceptual framework of ontology-based supplier discovery system that connects buyers with suppliers by employing manufacturing ontology and semantic matchmaker. The system consists of capturing of buyer’s requirements and supplier’s capabilities, manufacturing ontology, semantic matchmaker and registry. The proposed conceptual framework for supplier discovery helps overcome the challenge that the manufactures are facing in forming a global collaboration chain and also provides the fundamental principle for operating the formed supply chain.
Visual Attention and the Control of EyeMovements in Early Infancy

Experiments concerned with the development of volitional (endogenous) control of eye movements (overt orienting) in infants are described. This evidence indicates that infants are capable of the voluntary control of eye movements by around 4 months of age. Next , experiments that attempt to measure covert shifts of visual attention in early infancy are reviewed, and the results of a study involving the exogenous cueing of covert attention reported. These results indicate that 4-month-old infants, like adults, show both facilitation and subsequent inhibition of responding to a cued spatial location. In contrast, a group of 2-monthold infants did not show these effects within the temporal parameters studied. Finally, I speculate on the underlying neural basis of these developments, and on their implication for the relation between covert shifts of attention and eye movements. It has become evident in recent years that there are multiple brain pathways involved in the control of eye movements and visual attention in adults (Schiller 1985; Posner and Peterson 1990). Investigating the sequential development of these pathways, and the construction of the visual attention system during ontogeny, may be informative given the obvious difficulty inanalyzing the complex combinations of hierarchical and parallel systems found in adults (see Johnson 1990, 1994). In this chapter I review studies and present new evidence on the ontogeny of both overt and covert aspects of visual orienting, focusing in particular on the transition from exogenous to endogenous control. I conclude by assessing the implications of these experiments on development for the debate in adult literature about the role of covert shifts of attention in saccade execution and planning. While our understanding of visual attention and orienting in adults is far from complete, a number of distinctions have been proposed that will be helpful in our analysis of the ontogeny of attention (see fig. 11.1). Eye movements that shift gaze from one location to another may be referred to as overt orienting. In contrast, shifts of visual attention between spatial locations or objects that occur independently of eye and head movements are referred to as covert (Posner 1980). Only in the past few years has work on covert shifts of attention in infancy been performed, and much of that work is reviewed in this chapter. Although shifts of covert visual attention are, by definition, dissociable from eye and head movements, they may be clearly related to 11.
Population Genetic Structure of Aedes fluviatilis (Diptera: Culicidae)

Although Aedes fluviatilis is an anthropophilic mosquito found abundantly in urban environments, its biology, epidemiological potential and genetic characteristics are poorly understood. Climate change and urbanization processes that result in environmental modifications benefit certain anthropophilic mosquito species such as Ae. fluviatilis, greatly increasing their abundance in urban areas. To gain a better understanding of whether urbanization processes modulate the genetic structure of this species in the city of São Paulo, we used eight microsatellite loci to genetically characterize Ae. fluviatilis populations collected in nine urban parks in the city of São Paulo. Our results show that there is high gene flow among the populations of this species, heterozygosity deficiency and low genetic structure and that the species may have undergone a recent population expansion. There are two main hypotheses to explain these findings: (i) Ae. fluviatilis populations have undergone a population expansion as a result of urbanization; and (ii) as urbanization of the city of São Paulo occurred recently and was quite intense, the structuring of these populations cannot be observed yet, apart from in the populations of Ibirapuera and Piqueri parks, where the first signs of structuring have appeared. We believe that the expansion found in Ae. fluviatilis populations is probably correlated with the unplanned urbanization of the city of São Paulo, which transformed green areas into urbanized areas, as well as the increasing population density in the city.
TeloPIN: a database of telomeric proteins interaction network in mammalian cells

Interaction network surrounding telomeres has been intensively studied during the past two decades. However, no specific resource by integrating telomere interaction information data is currently available. To facilitate the understanding of the molecular interaction network by which telomeres are associated with biological process and diseases, we have developed TeloPIN (Telomeric Proteins Interaction Network) database (http://songyanglab.sysu.edu.cn/telopin/), a novel database that points to provide comprehensive information on protein–protein, protein–DNA and protein–RNA interaction of telomeres. TeloPIN database contains four types of interaction data, including (i) protein–protein interaction (PPI) data, (ii) telomeric proteins ChIP-seq data, (iii) telomere-associated proteins data and (iv) telomeric repeat-containing RNAs (TERRA)-interacting proteins data. By analyzing these four types of interaction data, we found that 358 and 199 proteins have more than one type of interaction information in human and mouse cells, respectively. We also developed table browser and TeloChIP genome browser to help researchers with better integrated visualization of interaction data from different studies. The current release of TeloPIN database includes 1111 PPI, eight telomeric protein ChIP-seq data sets, 1391 telomere-associated proteins and 183 TERRA-interacting proteins from 92 independent studies in mammalian cells. The interaction information provided by TeloPIN database will greatly expand our knowledge of telomeric proteins interaction network. Database URL: TeloPIN database address is http://songyanglab.sysu. edu.cn/telopin. TeloPIN database is freely available to non-commercial use.
Licitações sustentáveis, instrumento legal de promoção da sustentabilidade : um estudo da aquisição de bens na Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo-UFES

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo da evolucao da adocao do procedimento licitatorio sustentavel, tornado obrigatorio nas compras publicas federais brasileiras atraves da Lei no 12.349/2010. Concebido como um instrumento para promocao do desenvolvimento sustentavel visa-se identificar seu estagio de operacionalizacao para aquisicao de bens no âmbito da Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo - UFES, detectar os entraves, bem como prover sugestoes para a ampliacao e melhoria desta pratica. A preocupacao com o impacto socioambiental das compras publicas ja e uma realidade internacional, ha algumas decadas, e recentemente se mostra tambem expressiva no Brasil que, por isso, adotou esse novo modelo de compras publicas. A realizacao da licitacao sustentavel nao constitui ato discricionario, mas sim uma imposicao constitucional e legal, que exige a busca da proposta mais vantajosa, que atenda ao interesse publico e contribua para promocao do desenvolvimento sustentavel. O desenvolvimento sustentavel e um desafio global e a administracao publica brasileira tem um papel importante na difusao de politicas publicas de responsabilidade socioambiental e no incentivo a producao e consumo de bens e servicos sustentaveis. Embora ja existam normas sobre o assunto no Brasil, o governo federal, porem, ainda precisa regulamentar mais detalhadamente sua aplicacao para que as licitacoes sustentaveis constituam regra e nao excecao nos orgaos federais. A pesquisa empregou uma abordagem qualitativa, que quanto a natureza pode ser classificada como descritiva, assumindo a forma de pesquisa exploratoria. Os instrumentos utilizados para coleta de dados correspondem a pesquisa bibliografica, analise documental, entrevistas nao estruturadas, questionarios e observacoes diretas. A analise do estudo de caso da UFES realizado demonstra a incipiencia da aplicacao das compras publicas sustentaveis em relacao a quantidade de procedimentos efetuados, porem, crescente e expressiva em termos de valores gastos, evidenciando a necessidade de implementacao de mudancas a fim de institucionalizar a pratica das compras publicas sustentaveis na universidade
N-layer Approach to Web Information Retrieval

In web information retrieval, the terms or keywords are used for indexing purpose of document. These terms or keywords appear in special location such as title, subtitle, header, hyperlinks and so on. Vector space model ignores the importance of these terms with respect to their position while calculating the weight of the indexing terms. The effectiveness of the vector space model crucially depends on the weights applied to the terms of the document vectors. These weights are found using a term weight evaluation scheme based on the frequency of the terms in the document and the collection. Terms that occur more often in a document are treated as more important whereas terms that occur less frequently throughout a collection are given a higher weight. In N-level Vector space approach, the importance of these terms with respect to their position is considered. The web document is logically divided in N-layer considering the structure of web document and weights are assigned to terms based on their presence in different layer within the document. Different weight evaluation schemes proposed for vector space models are applied to N-level vector space model and are compared. N-layer vector space model gives better result as compare to vector space model. Cosine similarity and all six weight evaluation methods that are formed using different local weights and global weights show that average precision and average recall in case of N-layer vector space model is always better than vector space model.
Large-Scale Reasoning with OWL

With the growth of the Semantic Web in size and importance, more and more knowledge is stored in machine-readable formats such as the Web Ontology Language OWL. This paper outlines common approaches for efficient reasoning on large-scale data consisting of billions ($10^9$) of triples. Therefore, OWL and its sublanguages, as well as forward and backward chaining techniques are presented. The WebPIE reasoner is discussed in detail as an example for forward chaining using MapReduce for materialisation. Moreover, the QueryPIE reasoner is presented as a backward chaining/hybrid approach which uses query rewriting. Furthermore, an overview on other reasoners is given such as OWLIM and TrOWL.
Assistance or challenge? Filling a gap in user-cooperative control

Nowadays, “user-cooperative” control strategies are commonly used in robot-assisted motor (re-)learning. User-cooperative strategies enable compliant haptic interactions between robot and user: the robot only intervenes as needed, instead of forcing the user to follow a fixed predefined movement. However, the effectiveness of user-cooperative control is contro-versially discussed. Recent studies indicate that the effectiveness of user-cooperative control strategies will be enhanced when every user is individually provided with an optimal amount of assistance or challenge. In conventional motor (re-)learning, such an optimal amount of assistance or challenge is successfully applied by physiotherapists and trainers.
Requirement of TORC1 for Late-Phase Long-Term Potentiation in the Hippocampus

Late-phase long-term potentiation (L-LTP) and long-term memory depend on the transcription of mRNA of CRE-driven genes and synthesis of proteins. However, how synaptic signals propagate to the nucleus is unclear. Here we report that the CREB coactivator TORC1 (transducer of regulated CREB activity 1) undergoes neuronal activity-induced translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, a process required for CRE-dependent gene expression and L-LTP. Overexpressing a dominant-negative form of TORC1 or down-regulating TORC1 expression prevented activity-dependent transcription of CREB target genes in cultured hippocampal neurons, while overexpressing a wild-type form of TORC1 facilitated basal and activity-induced transcription of CREB target genes. Furthermore, overexpressing the dominant-negative form of TORC1 suppressed the maintenance of L-LTP without affecting early-phase LTP, while overexpressing the wild-type form of TORC1 facilitated the induction of L-LTP in hippocampal slices. Our results indicate that TORC1 is essential for CRE-driven gene expression and maintenance of long-term synaptic potentiation.
The CW Corpus: A New Resource for Evaluating the Identification of Complex Words

The task of identifying complex words (CWs) is important for lexical simplification, however it is often carried out with no evaluation of success. There is no basis for comparison of current techniques and, prior to this work, there has been no standard corpus or evaluation technique for the CW identification task. This paper addresses these shortcomings with a new corpus for evaluating a system’s performance in identifying CWs. Simple Wikipedia edit histories were mined for instances of single word lexical simplifications. The corpus contains 731 sentences, each with one annotated CW. This paper describes the method used to produce the CW corpus and presents the results of evaluation, showing its validity.
Review article. Ozone depletion and increased UV-B radiation: is there a real threat to photosynthesis?

on photosynthetic competence or light-interception. It is concluded that O 3 depletion and the concurrent rise This critical review of recent literature questions earlin UV-B irradiance is not a direct threat to photosynier predictions that photosynthetic productivity of thetic productivity of crops and natural vegetation. higher plants is vulnerable to increased ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation as a result of stratospheric ozone (O 3 )
Regulation of Synaptic Plasticity Genes during Consolidation of Fear Conditioning

In mammals, long-term memory induced by Pavlovian fear conditioning has been shown to be dependent on the amygdala during a protein and mRNA synthesis-dependent phase of memory consolidation. We have used genes identified in a kainic acid model of synaptic plasticity asin situ hybridization probes during the consolidation period after fear conditioning. We found that these genes were transcriptionally regulated in several brain areas only when stimuli were presented in a manner that supported behavioral learning and not after unpaired presentations or footshocks alone. Immediate early genes and neurofilament mRNA peaked ∼30 min after conditioning, as expected. Interestingly, nurr-1, α-actinin, and 16c8 increased ∼2–4 hr later, whereas neurogranin and gephyrin decreased during that time. Our results suggest that fear memory consolidation occurs within a broad neural circuit that includes, but is not limited to, the amygdala. Together, a broad array of transcriptionally regulated genes, encoding transcription factors, cytoskeletal proteins, adhesion molecules, and receptor stabilization molecules, appear to mediate the neural plasticity underlying specific forms of long-term memory in mammals.