Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tempering of Lath Martensite in Low and Medium Carbon Steels: Assessment and Challenges

This paper is a directed review of the microstructures and the mechanisms, by which they are formed by tempering of lath martensite in low and medium carbon steels. As‐quenched martensitic structure is first reviewed, then low‐temperature tempering (LTT) that produces ultrahigh strength and good toughness, and high‐temperature‐tempering (HTT), which can produce excellent combinations of strength, ductility, toughness, and good resistance to hydrogen embrittlement in sour gas and oil environments, are covered. It is well known that hardness decreases continuously with increasing tempering temperature, but the superimposed multiple mechanisms of microstructural changes by which the softening and its retardation occur during various stages of tempering have received little attention on the integrated scales of microstructure, substructure, and nanostructure. Thus, earlier descriptions of the reasons for softening need deeper examination. In particular, the reasons for the changes in the very fine crystal size and high dislocation density of as‐quenched lath martensite produced by high temperature tempering, sometimes producing a low dislocation density, un‐recrystallized, fine lath‐morphology ferritic grain size, sometimes producing an equiaxed, recrystallized ferritic grain size, are not clear. Deformation behavior and mechanical properties as related to the residual components of martensitic microstructure that survive tempering are discussed. Questions remain and the use of newer techniques, such as Electron Back Scatter Diffraction and atom probe tomography, in addition to light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Mössbauer effect spectroscopy, and Mechanical Spectroscopy used in characterizing quench and tempered structures are noted.
Estimation of Soil Carbon Flux in Cultivated Areas with Aquilaria crassna, Hevea brasiliensis, and Oryza sativa L.

The objective of this study is the evaluation of soil carbon storages in cultivated areas with Aquilaria crassna , Hevea brasiliensis , and Oryza sativa L . at Non Pueai sub-district, Kudchum district, Yasothon province. The experimental plot in this study was 50 x 50 meters. The sample collection was analysed for physical and chemical soil properties. The physical properties consisted of soil bulk density, soil temperature, soil texture and soil moisture. The properties were composed of total Nitrogen (N), available Phosphorus (P), the available Potassium (K), Organic carbon (OC), Soil organic matter (OM), and pH in soil. This study calculated soil carbon storages in various land use patterns. The results of soil carbon flux in the cultivated areas with Aquilaria crassna , Hevea brasiliensis , and Oryza sativa L. were 67.20, 77.44, and 20.24 tons-carbon/rai/year, respectively. The total of soil carbon flux was 164.88 tons-carbon/rai/year. The average of available Phosphorus (P) was 0.61 mg/kg in Oryza sativa L. plantation, the average of available Potassium (K) was 3.06 mg/kg in Oryza sativa L. plantation, and the average of total Nitrogen (N) was 0.093 mg/kg in Oryza sativa L. plantation. Moreover, most of soil organic matter (OM) was 2.42% and organic carbon (OC) was 1.4% in Aquilaria crassna plantation. The average soil temperature was 31.55 °C and the rainy season was the most appropriate period for degradation of litter by microorganism in the soil. All average amounts of soil carbon flux depend on the rates of soil organic matter and activities of microbes in the soil as well.
Detecting overflow detection

Fixed-point saturating arithmetic is widely used in media and digital signal processing applications. A number of processor architectures provide instructions that implement saturating operations. However, standard high-level languages, such as ANSI C, provide no direct support for saturating arithmetic. Applications written in standard languages have to implement saturating operations in terms of basic two's complement operations. In order to provide fast execution of such programs it is important to have an optimizing compiler automatically detect and convert appropriate code fragments to hardware instructions. We present a set of techniques for automatic recognition of saturating arithmetic operations. We show that in most cases the recognition problem is simply one of Boolean circuit equivalence. Given the expense of solving circuit equivalence, we develop a set of practical approximations based on abstract interpretation. Experiments show that our techniques, while reliably recognizing saturating arithmetic, have small compile-time overhead. We also demonstrate that our approach is not limited to saturating arithmetic, but is directly applicable to recognizing other idioms, such as add-with-carry and absolute value.
A 92mW real-time traffic sign recognition system with robust light and dark adaptation

A traffic sign recognition system that is robust under various lighting condition is proposed with an image enhancement preprocessor and a recognition processor. The image enhancement preprocessor performs the Multi-scale Retinex (MSR) algorithm for robust light and dark adaptation. It includes a mixed-mode Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) engine that performs online optimizations for various scenes. The recognition processor performs the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm for robust sign recognition. Its proposed algorithm-optimized kernel cache and memory architecture reduces the power consumption and memory redundancy by 78% and 35%, respectively. The proposed system is implemented in a 0. 13μm CMOS process and is connected using Network-on-Chip (NoC) communication. As a result, the system achieves robust sign recognition under various lighting conditions while consuming just 92mW at 1.2V.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity of Some New 5-Aminopyrazole and Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine Derivatives

5-Amino-N-aryl-3-[(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamides 4a–c were synthesized by the reaction of N-(aryl)-2-cyano-3-[(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-3-(methylthio)acrylamides 3a–c with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol. The reaction of 5-amino-N-aryl-1H-pyrazoles 4a–c with acetylacetone 5 or 2-(4-methoxybenzylidene)malononitrile 8 yielded the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives 7a–c and 10a–c, respectively. The structures of the synthesized compounds were established based on elemental analysis and spectral data (IR, MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR). Representative examples of the new synthesized products were screened for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells.
Au-induced surface state on Pt(111) revealed by spin-resolved photoemission with linearly polarized light.

Photoelectrons ejected by normally incident linearly polarized He I radiation and emitted normal to epitaxial Au layers on Pt(111) are strongly spin polarized for both emission from the Pt substrate and the Au adsorbate up to 2.2 layers coverage. Relativistic Green's-function calculations reproduce the measured data and reveal the physical origin of the polarization for a monolayer Au coverage to be a Au-induced surface state. The spin polarization is significantly influenced by the underlying Pt bulk and is thus a sensitive measure of the Au adsorption site.
Facial cues of dominance modulate the short-term gaze-cuing effect in human observers

Responding appropriately to gaze cues is essential for fluent social interaction, playing a crucial role in social learning, collaboration, threat assessment and understanding others’ intentions. Previous research has shown that responses to gaze cues can be studied by investigating the gaze-cuing effect (i.e. the tendency for observers to respond more quickly to targets in locations that were cued by others’ gaze than to uncued targets). A recent study demonstrating that macaques demonstrate larger gaze-cuing effects when viewing dominant conspecifics than when viewing subordinate conspecifics suggests that cues of dominance modulate the gaze-cuing effect in at least one primate species. Here, we show a similar effect of facial cues associated with dominance on gaze cuing in human observers: at short viewing times, observers demonstrated a greater cuing effect for gaze cues from masculinized (i.e. dominant) faces than from feminized (i.e. subordinate) faces. Moreover, this effect of facial masculinity on gaze cuing decreased as viewing time was increased, suggesting that the effect is driven by involuntary responses. Our findings suggest that the mechanisms that underpin reflexive gaze cuing evolved to be sensitive to facial cues of others’ dominance, potentially because such differential gaze cuing promoted desirable outcomes from encounters with dominant individuals.
An OpenCL Implementation of Sketch-Based Network Traffic Change Detection on GPU

GPU and other SIMD stream architecture have been used for accelerating packet processing applications. This paper explores the design space on GPU for sketch-based network traffic change detection application by using OpenCL parallel programming framework. Due to the parallel nature of sketch data structure, the computations can be mapped to OpenCL execution model on GPU efficiently. The sketch data structure is mapped to buffer object in device's global memory, and work-items are executed on the sketch in parallel. Compared to the sequential CPU implementation, the experiment results on Radeon HD 5870 GPU show that the hash computation and ESTIMATE operation achieved about 15 times and 9 times speedup, respectively.
Lipid Testing and Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Hospitalized Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Patients: Results From a Statewide Stroke Registry

Background and Purpose— Recent recommendations call for in-hospital initiation of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) for most ischemic stroke (IS) and transient ischemic attack (TIA) survivors; however, little is known about actual use. This study describes use of and predictors for in-hospital lipid testing and LLT using data from a statewide stroke registry. Methods— In 2002, the registry ascertained cases from a stratified sample of 16 hospitals. This study includes only IS and TIA cases discharged alive. Results— In 1907 study subjects, 30.2% (27.2% to 33.5%) were on LLT at admission. In 1399 subjects not on LLT at admission, 37.2% (30.2% to 44.9%) underwent lipid testing, and 12.9% (7.2% to 22.1%) received LLT at discharge. Use of testing and LLT varied widely between hospitals (P<0.001). In-hospital lipid testing was positively associated with large teaching hospitals (P=0.029), and neurologist or neurosurgeon (P=0.004); and negatively associated with increasing age (P=0.002), being female (P=0.020), a previous medical history of atrial fibrillation (P=0.002), nonambulatory status (P=0.005), and poor prognosis (P<0.001). LLT at discharge was positively associated with a previous medical history of dyslipidemia (P<0.001), lipid testing (P=0.004), and elevated low-density lipoprotein levels (P<0.001). Among subjects who were not on LLT at admission but who had Adult Treatment Panel III–based indications for use of LLT, only 31.2% (20.5% to 44.5%) received LLT at discharge. Conclusions— Many hospitalized acute IS and TIA patients with indications for LLT are untreated at discharge. Efforts to close treatment gaps in lipid evaluation and treatment require sustained quality improvement efforts and should pay particular attention to high-risk patients.
Methods for Measuring the Mechanical Safety Vent Pressure of Lithium ion Battery Cells

The Lithium ion battery is the preferred source of power for many wireless and portable consumer products. A typical battery pack with lithium ion cells features a variety of active and passive safety devices and protection circuitry to prevent or mitigate potential cell failures. One of the passive safety components in a lithium ion cell is the cell-can's mechanical safety vent, which is intended to release the internal pressure of the cell when a specified pressure is reached, but prismatic cells swell and cylindrical cells bulge during pressurization. It is therefore, desirable to test the cell's venting mechanism in a controlled manner in order to ensure that both the cell's can and the performance of the safety vent is not compromised and that the results are not skewed by the test method. A suitable test setup should not inhibit the natural expansion of the cell's can during the test. This paper discusses the various venting mechanisms employed by prismatic and cylindrical lithium ion cells and test methods to characterize the mechanical safety vent's opening pressure for both cylindrical and prismatic cells
Stoichiometry equation to describe the growth of the Pleurotus ostreatus ceba-gliie-po-010606 strain

This work was aimed at developing a proximate stoichiometric equation to describe the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom strain ceba-gliie-po-010106 on picking beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) waste. Empirical formulas were established for the residue of fresh dried picking beans (CH1.81O0.81N0.15) and the biomass of the fungal strain (CH1.83O0.84N0.26). The elemental composition of these materials and the ashes were determined. The stoichiometric coefficients obtained further supported the estimation of parameters relevant for fungal growth characterization: theoretical biological efficiency (867.49 g of fungal dry matter (FDM)/kg of substrate dry matter), mean coefficient of breath (0.77 CO2/mol O2 consumption), specific air consumption (1.36 m 3/kg FDM) and metabolic heat (16 576.47 kJ/kg FDM).
Utility of Computational Methods to Identify the Apoptosis Machinery in Unicellular Eukaryotes

Apoptosis is the phenotypic result of an active, regulated process of self-destruction. Following various cellular insults, apoptosis has been demonstrated in numerous unicellular eukaryotes, but very little is known about the genes and proteins that initiate and execute this process in this group of organisms. A bioinformatic approach presents an array of powerful methods to direct investigators in the identification of the apoptosis machinery in protozoans. In this review, we discuss some of the available computational methods and illustrate how they may be applied using the identification of a Plasmodium falciparum metacaspase gene as an example.
Impedance cardiography: What is the source of the signal?

Impedance cardiography continues to be investigated for various applications. Instruments for its use are available commercially. Almost all of the recent presentations and articles along with commercial advertisements have assumed that aortic volume pulsation is the source of the signal. A review of the literature will reveal that there is no clear evidence for this assumption. Starting with the first paper on impedance cardiography in 1964, which assumed the lung was the source of the signal, the presentation will review many studies in the 60's, 70's and 80's, which suggest the aorta and other vessels as well as atria and again the lung as possible sources. Current studies based on high resolution thoracic models will be presented that show the aorta as contributing only approximately 1% of the total impedance measurement, making it an unlikely candidate for the major contributor to the signal. Combining the results of past studies along with recent work based on models, suggest other vessels and regions as possible sources.
Deep Part-Based Generative Shape Model with Latent Variables

The Shape Boltzmann Machine (SBM) [6] and its multilabel version MSBM [5] have been recently introduced as deep generative models that capture the variations of an object shape. While being more flexible MSBM requires datasets with labeled parts of the objects for training. In the paper we present an algorithm for training MSBM using binary masks of objects and the seeds which approximately correspond to the locations of objects parts. The latter can be obtained from part-based detectors in an unsupervised manner. We derive a latent variable model and an EM-like training procedure for adjusting the weights of MSBM using a deep learning framework. We show that the model trained by our method outperforms SBM in the tasks related to binary shapes and is very close to the original MSBM in terms of quality of multilabel shapes.
Cancer trends and risk factors in Cyprus

Cyprus, a European Union member state, is a small island in the Mediterranean with a population approaching 900,000 people. Cancer is the second leading cause of death; more therapeutic options for any patient with the disease are available in a central oncology centre in the capital of the island (Nicosia) and fewer therapeutic options (e.g. chemotherapy and hormone therapy only) in a few other public hospitals. Palliative care is offered in several hospices and hospitals, although the field needs improvement. With regards to screening, a national breast cancer screening programme has been in place countrywide since 2007 and is offered free of charge to women between the ages of 50 and 69 years, while colorectal and prostate cancer screening is performed on an individual basis (a pilot programme for colorectal cancer screening was recently initiated). Genetic testing is available for breast and colon cancer. To improve understanding of the causes of cancer in the country, a cancer research centre was established in 2010 (Mediterranean Centre for Cancer Research). Recent epidemiologic work has revealed increasing cancer trends in Cyprus; prostate cancer is the most common in men and breast cancer is the most common in women. Interestingly, thyroid cancer incidence in women has been rising from 1998 to 2008. Cancer of the colon and rectum is also on the rise affecting both sexes. Overall, cancer incidence in Cyprus is lower than other EuroMed countries with similar lifestyle and geography.
A randomised clinical study to measure the anti-erosion benefits of a stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice

Background: To compare the enamel protection efficacy of stannous-containing sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP)/triclosan dentifrices marketed in India in an in situ erosion model with acidic challenge. Materials and Methods: This randomised and controlled, in situ, supervised, double-blind clinical trial employed a two-treatment, four-period crossover design, wherein subjects wore an appliance fitted with human enamel samples 6 h/day during each 10 day treatment period and swished twice daily with their assigned dentifrice slurry: Oral-B ® Pro-Health (maximum 1,000 ppm F as sodium fluoride with stannous chloride) or Colgate ® Strong Teeth with Cavity Protection (maximum 1,000 F as sodium MFP and triclosan). Subjects swished with 250 ml of orange juice over a 10 min period after each treatment and twice daily for the acidic erosive challenge. Enamel samples were measured for tooth surface loss using contact profilometry at baseline and day 10. Results: A total of 34 subjects were randomised to treatment; 32 subjects completed the final visit. Baseline profilometry measurements of the specimen surfaces were near zero within ± 0.3 μm, and no statistically significant difference (P > 0.48) on average was observed between the two test dentifrices. At day 10, the stannous-containing dentifrice demonstrated 88% less erosion (P < 0.0001) relative to the MFP/triclosan dentifrice. Estimated medians (95% confidence intervals) were 0.21 μm (0.17, 0.25) for the stannous-containing dentifrice versus 1.66 μm (1.39, 1.99) for the MFP/triclosan dentifrice. Both dentifrices were well-tolerated. Conclusions: Compared with MFP/triclosan toothpaste, a stabilised stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice gave statistically significantly greater protection against tooth enamel surface loss in situ following repeated acid erosive challenge.
Kinematics and Dexterity Analysis for a Novel 3-DOF Translational Parallel Manipulator

A new three degrees of freedom translational parallel manipulator (TPM) with fixed actuators, called a general 3-PRC TPM, is proposed in this paper. The mobility of the manipulator is analyzed via screw theory. The inverse kinematics, forward kinematics, and velocity analysis are performed and the singularity problems are investigated afterwards, which can be applied to a general 3-PRC TPM regardless of actuators arrangement. With the variation on actuators layout angle, the reachable workspace of the manipulator is generated and compared. Especially, it is illustrated that the manipulator in principle possesses a uniform workspace with a constant hexagon shape cross section. Furthermore, the dexterity characteristics is investigated in the global sense. Simulation results show that different specific tasks should be considered when the actuators layout angles of a general 3-PRC TPM are designed.
Session Aware Music Recommendation System with User-based and Item-based Collaborative Filtering Method

Recommender systems have been proven to be valuable means for web online users to cope with the information overload and have become one of the most powerful and popular tools in electronic commerce. The recommendations provided are aimed at supporting their users in various decision making process, such as what items to buy. In M u s i c R e c o m m e n d a t i o n S y s t e m , we recommend items to users based on their interest. First we use collaborative filtering method to identify the i t e m s which are similar and similarity among users based on the users listening history. P r o p o s e d A l g o r i t h m recommend the items to new users based on the item clusters and user clusters formed. L a t e r we have taken timestamp of user logs also into consideration to form Sessions. Finally we have evaluated the performance of the proposed algorithm with sessions and with -out sessions . Our experiment show that the accuracy of recommendation system with sessions outperformed the conventional user-based & item-based collaborative filtering method.
Improving the performance of SVM-RFE on classification of pancreatic cancer data

Feature selection is a key step in classification of high-dimensional data, especially gene expression microarray data with many thousands of features. As a wrapper method, Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) is one of the most powerful feature selection techniques. Although SVM-RFE can remove irrelevant features effectively, it cannot deal with most of the redundant features. To overcome this drawback, this paper develops a new feature selection method, the core of which is removing redundant features based on the correlation among features before using SVM-RFE. We test the proposed method on the pancreatic cancer microarray dataset. The experimental results show that our method performs much better than the baseline SVM-RFE technique in terms of classification accuracy. To improve the class-wise classification accuracies, radial basis function (RBF) kernel is also incorporated.
Ranking Based Software Quality Assessment Using Experts Opinion

This paper provides a platform to the software industry to dynamically select the software engineering measures which are most valuable in the means of software reliability. In this paper we focus on 35 measures identified by IEEE for producing reliable software for which 7 ranking criteria considered. The rate of each measure for each ranking criteria collected from 10 experts from industry and the academic field by our online survey portal & then aggregated in to a single rate using the additive aggregation theory. We have ranked the measures and identified top three measures of each software development phases. These measures can be more reliable for software quality prediction.