Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PERBEDAAN KEKERASAN PERMUKAAN BAHAN RESTORASI RESIN KOMPOSIT NANOFILLER YANG DIRENDAM DALAM MINUMAN RINGAN BERKARBONASI DAN MINUMAN BERALKOHOL

Malocclussion is one of the most common case in oral health and taking of third position after dental caries and periodontal disease. Malocclusion is a deviation form from normal occlussion. Malocclussion may caused problems in oral function, psychosocial problems and oral health problem, one of them is caries. Many of malocclusion character associated with severity of caries. The aim of this study was to know the association between severity of malocclussion with caries among adolescents students in SMKN 3 Pariaman. This study use observasional analytics with cross sectional approach. Sample were adolescents (16-19 years old) in SMKN 3 Pariaman.The sample were 75 students consisting of 15 students in each of grade complexity of malocclusion. The severity of malocclusion were identification based ICON (Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need) and caries was assess use DMF-T Index. The data were analyzed by Kruskal Walis test and Mann-Whitney test. Mean DMF-T students of SMKN 3 Pariaman was 3,00±1,716 (medium category). DMF-T indeks of malocclusion Easy was 1,466±1,407 (low category), Mild is 1,933±1,222 (low category), Moderate was 3,133±1,125 (medium category), Difficult was 4,066±1, (medium category), and Very Difficult was 4,400±1,298 (medium category). Mean of DMF-T indeks increased with increasing ICON of malocclusion. Statistical test result obtained by the p-value (p<0,05) . There were association between severity of malocclussion with caries among adolescents students in SMKN 3 Pariaman. Key words : malocclussion, ICON, caries, DMF-T index
Comparative Evaluation of Three Different Genotyping Methods for Investigation of Nosocomial Outbreaks of Legionnaires' Disease in Hospitals

ABSTRACT The increased incidence of nosocomial Legionnaires' disease in two hospitals prompted investigation of possible environmental sources. In the search for an effective DNA-typing technique for use in hospital epidemiology, the performance and convenience of three methods—SfiI macrorestriction analysis (MRA), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR)—were compared. Twenty-nine outbreak-associated and eight nonassociated strains of Legionella pneumophila with 13 MRA types and subtypes were investigated. These strains comprised isolates from bronchoalveolar lavages, from environmental, patient-related sources, and type strains. All three typing methods detected one predominant genotype associated with the outbreaks in both hospitals. All of them correctly assigned epidemiologically associated, environmental isolates to their respective patient specimens. AP-PCR was the least discriminating and least reproducible technique. In contrast, AFLP was demonstrated as being the method with the best interassay reproducibility (90%) and concordance (94%) in comparison to the genotyping standard of MRA and the epidemiological data. Analysis of AFLP fragments revealed 12 different types and subtypes. Because of its simplicity and reproducibility, AFLP proved to be the most effective technique in outbreak investigation.
Visualizing the Evolution of Software Using Softchange

A typical software development team leaves behind a large amount of information. This information takes different forms, such as mail messages, software releases, version control logs, defect reports, etc. softChange is a tool that retrieves this information, analyses and enhances it by finding new relationships amongst it, and then allows users to navigate and visualize this information. The main objective of softChange it to help programmers, their management and software evolution researchers in understanding how a software product has evolved since its conception.
Biomechanics and Mechanotransduction in Cells and Tissues Effects of Rho kinase inhibition on cerebral artery myogenic tone and reactivity

Gokina, Natalia I. , Kristen M. Park, Keara McElroy-Yaggy, and George Osol. Effects of Rho kinase inhibition on cerebral artery myogenic tone and reactivity. J Appl Physiol 98: 1940–1948, 2005. First published December 30, 2004; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01104. 2004. — Several recent studies have implicated the RhoA-Rho kinase pathway in arterial myogenic behavior. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of Rho kinase inhibition (Y-27632) on cerebral artery calcium and diameter responses as a function of transmural pressure. Excised segments of rat posterior cerebral arteries (100–200 m) were cannulated and pressurized in an arteriograph at 37°C. Increasing pressure from 10 to 60 mmHg triggered an elevation of cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca ]i) from 113 9 to 199 12 nM and development of myogenic tone. Further elevation of pressure to 120 mmHg induced only a minor additional increase in [Ca ]i and constriction. Y-27632 (0.3–10 M) inhibited myogenic tone in a concentration-dependent manner at 60 and 120 mmHg with comparable efficacy; conversely, sensitivity was decreased at 120 vs. 60 mmHg (50% inhibitory concentration: 2.5 0.3 vs. 1.4 0.1 M; P 0.05). Dilation was accompanied by further increases in [Ca ]i and an enhancement of Ca oscillatory activity. Y-27632 also effectively dilated the vessels permeabilized with -toxin in a concentration-dependent manner. However, dilator effects of Y-27632 at low concentrations were larger at 60 vs. 100 mmHg. In summary, the results support a significant role for RhoA-Rho kinase pathway in cerebral artery mechanotransduction of pressure into sustained vasoconstriction (myogenic tone and reactivity) via mechanisms that augment smooth muscle calcium sensitivity. Potential downstream events may involve inhibition of myosin phosphatase and/or stimulation of actin polymerization, both of which are associated with increased smooth muscle force production.
Identifying Relevant Data for a Biological Database: Handcrafted Rules versus Machine Learning

With well over 1,000 specialized biological databases in use today, the task of automatically identifying novel, relevant data for such databases is increasingly important. In this paper, we describe practical machine learning approaches for identifying MEDLINE documents and Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL protein records, for incorporation into a specialized biological database of transport proteins named TCDB. We show that both learning approaches outperform rules created by hand by a human expert. As one of the first case studies involving two different approaches to updating a deployed database, both the methods compared and the results will be of interest to curators of many specialized databases.
Clinical characteristics and mortality in hepatitis C-positive haemodialysis patients: a population based study.

BACKGROUND The association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and clinical and laboratory measures in maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients are poorly understood. METHODS We analyzed data from over 37,000 MHD patients who underwent MHD for at least 3 months in DaVita dialysis clinics across USA in July 2001. RESULTS The presence of HCV infection was determined using enzyme immunoassay (EIA), which was performed in 2778 MHD patients and was positive in 363 (13%) individuals. In a multivariate logistic regression model that adjusts for case-mix and available surrogates of malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome (MICS), the following were independent predictors of HCV infection: younger age, male gender, Black race, Hispanic ethnicity, higher haemoglobin, lower serum albumin, higher total iron binding capacity, higher creatinine, and higher serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). Among receiver operating characteristics of commonly measured laboratory values in this population, the SGOT had the highest area. An SGOT > or =25 u/l had an adjusted odds ratio of 4.96 (95% confidence interval: 3.75-6.57) for HCV antibody positivity (sensitivity 50%, specificity 87%). HCV EIA positivity among MHD patients younger than 65 years was associated with 40-80% higher hazard ratio of all-cause and cardiovascular death during the 2 year follow-up (July 2001 to June 2003) after adjustment for case-mix and measures of MICS. CONCLUSION HCV infection, as diagnosed by EIA, has distinct racial, age and laboratory predilections in MHD patients. HCV positivity among MHD patients younger than 65 years is associated with significantly higher cardiovascular mortality. More diligent HCV detection and treatment may improve cardiovascular survival in MHD patients.
Provably Secure FFT Hashing

We propose a new family of collision resistant hash functions with the distinguishing feature of being provably secure. The main technique underlying our functions is a novel use of the Fast Fourier Transform to achieve ideal “diffusion” properties, together with a random linear function to achieve compression and “confusion”. Our functions admit fast implementation both in hardware and software, but are set apart from previous proposals (based on similar building blocks) in the literature by a supporting security proof: it can be formally proven that (asymptotically) finding collisions to our functions (for keys chosen uniformly at random) with non-negligible probability is at least as hard as solving certain lattice problems in the worst case. Our proposal and techniques are based on previous work by Micciancio (FOCS 2002, Computational Complexity 2007), Peikert and Rosen (TCC 2006) and Lyubashevsky and Micciancio (ICALP 2006).
Insights on the Horizontal Gene Transfer of Carbapenemase Determinants in the Opportunistic Pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a driving force to the evolution of bacteria. The fast emergence of antimicrobial resistance reflects the ability of genetic adaptation of pathogens. Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged in the last few decades as an important opportunistic nosocomial pathogen, in part due to its high capacity of acquiring resistance to diverse antibiotic families, including to the so-called last line drugs such as carbapenems. The rampant selective pressure and genetic exchange of resistance genes hinder the effective treatment of resistant infections. A. baumannii uses all the resistance mechanisms to survive against carbapenems but production of carbapenemases are the major mechanism, which may act in synergy with others. A. baumannii appears to use all the mechanisms of gene dissemination. Beyond conjugation, the mostly reported recent studies point to natural transformation, transduction and outer membrane vesicles-mediated transfer as mechanisms that may play a role in carbapenemase determinants spread. Understanding the genetic mobilization of carbapenemase genes is paramount in preventing their dissemination. Here we review the carbapenemases found in A. baumannii and present an overview of the current knowledge of contributions of the various HGT mechanisms to the molecular epidemiology of carbapenem resistance in this relevant opportunistic pathogen.
Band-Notched Design for UWB Antennas

A method to form a notch band is presented. We etch complementary split-ring resonators in the T-stub region of a CPW-feed ultrawideband (UWB) antenna. Due to limited space in this region, we connect two resonators together so that they have a common slot edge. Compared with two separated CSSRs, this new design not only occupies less space but also yields high mismatch losses. It is found that high mismatch losses and deep suppression level can be obtained at the desired notch band.
Free radical scavenging activity of propolis

Abstract We investigated the radical scavenging activity of propolis by ESR spectroscopy using spin trapping method. In addition, we examined the influence of a diet of 2% propolis on mice under oxidative stress. At low concentrations, the methanolic extract of propolis exhibited strong scavenging activity in vitro towards both the superoxide anion radical, generated by the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction, and the NO radical, generated from the mixture of NOC-7 (NO generator) and carboxy-PTIO (spin trapping agent). An inhibitory effect of propolis on lipid peroxidation in vivo was observed, as determined by measurement of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in mouse liver homogenate. The level of vitamin C in the brain of mice under oxidative stress significantly increased compared with control mice under atmosphere, which was not observed in the mice given 2% propolis. The level of α-tocopherol in the brain of mice given 2% propolis significantly increased compared with control mice under atmosphere, which was not observed in mice under oxidative stress. SOD activity in the brain and plasma of mice given 2% propolis significantly decreased under atmosphere and oxidative stress compared with control mice. These results suggest that propolis possesses potent antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo.
Decision Making of Networked Multiagent Systems for Interaction Structures

Networked multiagent systems are very popular in large-scale application environments. In networked multiagent systems, the interaction structures can be shaped into the form of networks where each agent occupies a position that is determined by such agent's relations with others. To avoid collisions between agents, the decision of each agent's strategies should match its own interaction position, so that the strategies available to all agents are in line with their interaction structures. Therefore, this paper presents a novel decision-making model for networked multiagent strategies based on their interaction structures, where the set of strategies for an agent is conditionally decided by other agents within its dependence interaction substructure. With the presented model, the resulting strategies available to all agents can minimize the collisions of multiagents regarding their interaction structures, and the model can produce the same resulting strategies for the isomorphic interaction structures. Furthermore, this paper uses a multiagent citation network as a case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented decision-making model.
NK3-specific natural killer cells are selectively inhibited by Bw4- positive HLA alleles with isoleucine 80

Natural killer (NK) cell clones have been previously described which are inhibited by HLA-C alleles with Asn77-Lys80 (NK1-specific cells) or by HLA-C alleles with Ser77-Asn80 (NK2-specific cells). In the present work, the generation of NK cells with HLA-B-related specificities was attempted by stimulation of a Bw4 homozygous responder by a Bw6 homozygous donor. Two NK clones were found, which were inhibited by HLA- Bw4 (but not by HLA-Bw6) allotypes and by some HLA-A allotypes that share the Bw4 public epitope. Inhibition of NK cell-mediated lysis strongly correlated with the presence of an Ile residue at position 80 of the protective allele. These NK cell clones define a new specificity termed NK3.
Dynamic motion imitation of two articulated systems using nonlinear time scaling of joint trajectories

This paper proposes the analysis of two strategies for motion imitation of articulated systems with balance constraint. The two systems have different dynamic characteristics and their respective motions are restricted to the sagittal plane. The first strategy is based on nonlinear time scaling of joint trajectories ensuring that the balance of the imitating system is maintained through the motion. With this approach, the imitating system tracks the input reference trajectory without modifying the task to be accomplished by compromising on acceleration of the motion to ensure the condition for the balance is satisfied. As a consequence of reducing acceleration, there exists a delay between the reference system and the imitating system. However, we have ascertained that the joint angles are accelerated for the delay created to catch up with the reference motion. In contrary, the second strategy modifies directly the joint angle trajectories to ensure balance. This approach is the traditional approach in motion imitation used in human to humanoid motion transposition. We have formulated both strategies as an optimization problem in order to obtain feasible joint trajectories for the imitator. This work is a preliminary study for the imitation of a human being by a humanoid robot.
Putative Transmembrane Domain 12 of the Human Organic Anion Transporter hOAT1 Determines Transporter Stability and Maturation Efficiency

Human organic anion transporter hOAT1 plays a critical role in the body disposition of clinically important drugs. In transmembrane segment (TM) 12, residues Tyr-490 and dileucine Leu-503/Leu-504 were identified to be critical for hOAT1 function. Substitution of Tyr-490 with alanine led to a dramatic reduction in protein expression of hOAT1 and its transport activity. The contribution of the side chain of Tyr-490 to transport activity was then evaluated by replacing this residue with Trp or Phe. Substitution of Tyr-490 with Trp or Phe partially or fully recovered the protein expression of hOAT1 and its transport activity, respectively, that were lost by substitution of Tyr-490 with alanine, suggesting that the aromatic ring and the size of the side chain of Tyr-490 are critical for hOAT1 expression and function. Studies with protease inhibitors and pulse-chase labeling further showed that the loss of expression of hOAT1 and its transport activity by replacing Tyr-490 with alanine resulted from accelerated degradation of the transporter, whereas its maturation efficiency was not affected. In contrast to Tyr-490, substitution of Leu-503/Leu-504 with alanine also resulted in complete loss of protein expression of hOAT1 and its transport activity. However, such loss of protein expression could not be prevented by treating mutant-expressing cells with protease inhibitors. Pulse-chase experiments showed that the mutant transporter (L503/L504A) was trapped in the endoplasmic reticulum without conversion into mature form of the transporter. Our results are the first to highlight the central role of TM 12 in maintaining the stability and in promoting the maturation efficiency of hOAT1.
Carbohydrate-Dependent, Exercise-Induced Gastrointestinal Distress

Gastrointestinal (GI) problems are a common concern of athletes during intense exercise. Ultimately, these symptoms can impair performance and possibly prevent athletes from winning or even finishing a race. The main causes of GI problems during exercise are mechanical, ischemic and nutritional factors. Among the nutritional factors, a high intake of carbohydrate and hyperosmolar solutions increases GI problems. A number of nutritional manipulations have been proposed to minimize gastrointestinal symptoms, including the use of multiple transportable carbohydrates. This type of CHO intake increases the oxidation rates and can prevent the accumulation of carbohydrate in the intestine. Glucose (6%) or glucose plus fructose (8%–10%) beverages are recommended in order to increase CHO intake while avoiding the gastric emptying delay. Training the gut with high intake of CHO may increase absorption capacity and probably prevent GI distress. CHO mouth rinse may be a good strategy to enhance performance without using GI tract in exercises lasting less than an hour. Future strategies should be investigated comparing different CHO types, doses, and concentration in exercises with the same characteristics.
Framing analysis of software failure with safety cases

Failures of digital systems arise from design faults that are introduced during system development or maintenance, and the complexity and tight coupling of these systems can lead to accidents involving interactions of multiple failed components. These factors complicate the analysis of digital system failures, particularly with respect to framing an analysis and issuing recommendations that are relevant and practicable. We present a systematic approach to the analysis of digital system failures based upon the concept of safety cases. Failures of safety-related digital systems typically indicate the presence of fallacies in their underlying safety arguments. Using our approach, investigators elicit evidence from a failure to discover fallacies in the safety argument that might have contributed to the failure and then develop recommendations for addressing the fallacies they discover, producing a revised safety argument. Our approach assists investigators in framing an analysis by determining what evidence should be elicited, and it ensures that investigators’ recommendations address the problems that they identify. We report our results from applying the approach to a sequence of accidents involving a low-altitude warning system and compare them to the results of the official investigations. We then contrast the features of our approach with those of other methods.
Ants recognize foes and not friends

Discriminating among individuals and rejecting non-group members is essential for the evolution and stability of animal societies. Ants are good models for studying recognition mechanisms, because they are typically very efficient in discriminating ‘friends’ (nest-mates) from ‘foes’ (non-nest-mates). Recognition in ants involves multicomponent cues encoded in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles. Here, we tested whether workers of the carpenter ant Camponotus herculeanus use the presence and/or absence of cuticular hydrocarbons to discriminate between nest-mates and non-nest-mates. We supplemented the cuticular profile with synthetic hydrocarbons mixed to liquid food and then assessed behavioural responses using two different bioassays. Our results show that (i) the presence, but not the absence, of an additional hydrocarbon elicited aggression and that (ii) among the three classes of hydrocarbons tested (unbranched, mono-methylated and dimethylated alkanes; for mono-methylated alkanes, we present a new synthetic pathway), only the dimethylated alkane was effective in eliciting aggression. Our results suggest that carpenter ants use a fundamentally different mechanism for nest-mate recognition than previously thought. They do not specifically recognize nest-mates, but rather recognize and reject non-nest-mates bearing odour cues that are novel to their own colony cuticular hydrocarbon profile. This begs for a reappraisal of the mechanisms underlying recognition systems in social insects.
The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Pathway: Role in Immune Evasion by Trypanosomatids

Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi are the causative agents of leishmaniasis and Chagas disease, respectively, two neglected tropical diseases that affect about 25 million people worldwide. These parasites belong to the family Trypanosomatidae, and are both obligate intracellular parasites that manipulate host signaling pathways and the innate immune system to establish infection. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are serine and threonine protein kinases that are highly conserved in eukaryotes, and are involved in signal transduction pathways that modulate physiological and pathophysiological cell responses. This mini-review highlights existing knowledge concerning the mechanisms that Leishmania spp. and T. cruzi have evolved to target the host’s MAPK signaling pathways and highjack the immune response, and, in this manner, promote parasite maintenance in the host.