Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Spontaneous Receptor Phosphorylation by Residues in a Putative α-Helix in the KIT Intracellular Juxtamembrane Region*

KIT receptor kinase activity is repressed, prior to stem cell factor binding, by unknown structural constraints. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we examined the role of KIT intracellular juxtamembrane residues Met-552 through Ile-563 in controlling receptor autophosphorylation. Alanine substitution for Tyr-553, Trp-557, Val-559, or Val-560, all sitting along the hydrophobic side of an amphipathic α-helix (Tyr-553–Ile-563) predicted by the Chou-Fasman algorithm, resulted in substantially increased spontaneous receptor phosphorylation, revealing inhibitory roles for these residues. Alanine substitution for other residues, most of which are on the hydrophilic side of the helix, caused no or slightly increased basal receptor phosphorylation. Converting Tyr-553 or Trp-557 to phenylalanine generated slight or no elevation, respectively, in basal KIT phosphorylation, indicating that the phenyl ring of Tyr-553 and the hydrophobicity of Trp-557 are critical for the inhibition. Although alanine substitution for Lys-558 had no effect on receptor phosphorylation, its substitution with proline produced high spontaneous receptor phosphorylation, suggesting that the predicted α-helical conformation is involved in the inhibition. A synthetic peptide comprising Tyr-553 through Ile-563 showed circular dichroism spectra characteristic of α-helix, supporting the structural prediction. Thus, the KIT intracellular juxtamembrane region contains important residues which, in a putative α-helical conformation, exert inhibitory control on the kinase activity of ligand-unoccupied receptor.
Currying Multi Methods in a Merge Calculus

We present a calculus based on the view that it should be possible to de ne a subclass method by specifying only the way in which it di ers from the superclass methods. The calculus is a polymorphic extension of the merge calculus in which late binding can be expressed without the use of the subsumption rule. We show that generic functions with more than one arguments are represented as generic functions with one argument by Currying, and multi-methods are represented naturally in a uniform framework.
Learning under differing training and test distributions

Abstract One of the main problems in machine learning is to train a predictive model from train-ing data and to make predictions on test data. Most predictive models are constructedunder the assumption that the training data is governed by the exact same distributionwhich the model will later be exposed to. In practice, control over the data collectionprocess is often imperfect. A typical scenario is when labels are collected by question-naires and one does not have access to the test population. For example, parts of thetest population are underrepresented in the survey, out of reach, or do not return thequestionnaire. In many applications training data from the test distribution are scarcebecause they are diﬃcult to obtain or very expensive. Data from auxiliary sourcesdrawn from similar distributions are often cheaply available.This thesis centers around learning under diﬀering training and test distributionsand covers several problem settings with diﬀerent assumptions on the relationship be-tween training and test distributions—including multi-task learning and learning undercovariate shift and sample selection bias. Several new models are derived that directlycharacterize the divergence between training and test distributions, without the inter-mediate step of estimating training and test distributions separately. The integral partof these models are rescaling weights that match the rescaled or resampled trainingdistribution to the test distribution. Integrated models are studied where only one op-timization problem needs to be solved for learning under diﬀering distributions. Witha two-step approximation to the integrated models almost any supervised learning al-gorithm can be adopted to biased training data.In case studies on spam ﬁltering, HIV therapy screening, targeted advertising, andother applications the performance of the new models is compared to state-of-the-artreference methods.
Model Theory and Exponentiation

A low profile transmitting antenna consisting of a circular slot in a coaxial cavity that is folded several times. The last inner fold of the coaxial cavity is loaded with the tuning coil. The tuning coil can in the alternative be connected in series with the transmitter leeds connected to the radiating slot. Concentric cylinders alternately attached to the top and bottom of the cavity are used to form the folded coaxial cavity that provides the equivalent of a tapered transmission line. Energy to be transmitted is fed across the circular slot of the antenna or in the alternative may be fed into the last inner fold in the center of the cavity. The antenna radiates energy out with the same radiation pattern as a vertical monopole antenna.
Math Performance and Behavior Problems in Children Affected by Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: Intervention and Follow-Up

Objective: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), resulting from maternal alcohol use during pregnancy, are associated with significant academic and behavior problems. Although affected children are common in clinical practice, information to guide recommendations about interventions with this high risk group is very limited. This study evaluated the persistence of effects of an intervention on the math performance and behavior of 54 children, 3- to 10-years, diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome or FASD. Methods: Children were randomly assigned to a 6-week Math intervention (n = 28) tailored to this clinical group or to a standard psychoeducational contrast group (n = 26). All caregivers received identical educational interventions to promote learning readiness and improve behavioral outcomes. In a previous study, participants were assessed before interventions and immediately following completion. In this follow-up study, participants were recontacted and reassessed at 6 months post completion to determine if positive results on math functioning and child behavior would persist after treatment discontinuation. Results: Focus was on 2 outcomes: (1) Math performance, assessed using standardized measures of math achievement and (2) Behavior problems as reported by caregivers on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and teachers on the Teacher Report Form (TRF). Experimental-group participants demonstrated significantly greater scores on math outcome measures than Contrast group members and CBCL and TRF behavior was improved over pretest scores in both groups. Conclusion: This 6-month follow-up confirms that both math skills and behavior of alcohol-affected children are improved significantly by interventions designed to meet their specific learning and behavior needs.
Minimizing I/O Costs of Multi-Dimensional Queries with Bitmap Indices

Bitmap indices have been widely used in scientific applications and commercial systems for processing complex, multi-dimensional queries where traditional tree-based indices would not work efficiently. A common approach for reducing the size of a bitmap index for high cardinality attributes is to group ranges of values of an attribute into bins and then build a bitmap for each bin rather than a bitmap for each value of the attribute. Binning reduces storage costs, however, results of queries based on bins often require additional filtering for discarding false positives, i.e., records in the result that do not satisfy the query constraints. This additional filtering, also known as candidate checking, requires access to the base data on disk and involves significant I/O costs. This paper studies strategies for minimizing the I/O costs for candidate checking for multi-dimensional queries. This is done by determining the number of bins allocated for each dimension and then placing bin boundaries in optimal locations. Our algorithms use knowledge of data distribution and query workload. We derive several analytical results concerning optimal bin allocation for a probabilistic query model. Our experimental evaluation with real life data shows an average I/O cost improvement of at least a factor of 10 for multi-dimensional queries on datasets from two different applications. Our experiments also indicate that the speedup increases with the number of query dimensions
Noise-induced stress response and hearing loss in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

SUMMARY Fishes are often exposed to environmental sounds such as those associated with shipping, seismic experiments, sonar and/or aquaculture pump systems. While efforts have been made to document the effects of such anthropogenic (human-generated) sounds on marine mammals, the effects of excess noise on fishes are poorly understood. We examined the short- and long-term effects of increased ambient sound on the stress and hearing of goldfish (Carassius auratus; a hearing specialist). We reared fish under either quiet (110-125 dB re 1 μPa) or noisy (white noise, 160-170 dB re 1 μPa) conditions and examined animals after specific durations of noise exposure. We assessed noise-induced alterations in physiological stress by measuring plasma cortisol and glucose levels and in hearing capabilities by using auditory brainstem responses. Noise exposure did not produce long-term physiological stress responses in goldfish, but a transient spike in plasma cortisol did occur within 10 min of the noise onset. Goldfish had significant threshold shifts in hearing after only 10 min of noise exposure, and these shifts increased linearly up to approximately 28 dB after 24 h of noise exposure. Further noise exposure did not increase threshold shifts, suggesting an asymptote of maximal hearing loss within 24 h. After 21 days of noise exposure, it took goldfish 14 days to fully recover to control hearing levels. This study shows that hearing-specialist fishes may be susceptible to noise-induced stress and hearing loss.
PCM and APCM Revisited: An Uncertainty Perspective

In this paper, we take a new look at the possibilistic c-means (PCM) and adaptive PCM (APCM) clustering algorithms from the perspective of uncertainty. This new perspective offers us insights into the clustering process, and also provides us greater degree of flexibility. We analyze the clustering behavior of PCM-based algorithms and introduce parameters $\sigma_v$ and $\alpha$ to characterize uncertainty of estimated bandwidth and noise level of the dataset respectively. Then uncertainty (fuzziness) of membership values caused by uncertainty of the estimated bandwidth parameter is modeled by a conditional fuzzy set, which is a new formulation of the type-2 fuzzy set. Experiments show that parameters $\sigma_v$ and $\alpha$ make the clustering process more easy to control, and main features of PCM and APCM are unified in this new clustering framework (UPCM). More specifically, UPCM reduces to PCM when we set a small $\alpha$ or a large $\sigma_v$, and UPCM reduces to APCM when clusters are confined in their physical clusters and possible cluster elimination are ensured. Finally we present further researches of this paper.
Advanced Switching Mechanisms for Forthcoming On-Chip Networks

Many current VLSI on-chip multiprocessors and systems-on-chip employ point-to-point switched interconnection networks. Rings and 2D-meshes are among the most popular interconnection topologies for these increasingly important onchip networks. Nevertheless, rings cannot scale beyond dozens of nodes and meshes are asymmetric. Two of the key features of square 2D-tori are their scalability and symmetry. As higher scalability is demanded by the increasing number of cores (or specialized units) integrated on a chip and symmetry is critical for high-performance and load balancing, we concentrate on 2D-tori. However, most popular deadlock-free routing mechanisms are based on Dimension Order Routing (DOR) which breaks the torus symmetry when managing adversarial traffic patterns. This paper analyzes this problem and its consequences. After that, it proposes a new deadlock-free fully adaptive minimal routing, denoted as σDOR, that preserves tori symmetry under any load. It uses just two virtual channels to avoid DOR-induced asymmetry, the same as in previous competitive proposals. σDOR exhibits better behavior than any of previous solutions as it allows packets to dynamically adapt to local congestion. Experimental results evidence the superior performance of our mechanism, confirming the negative impact of DOR asymmetry.
A survey for analyzing transactional behavior in service based applications

This paper introduces key dimensions to analyze how transactional behavior is addressed in service based applications. In such applications, transactional behavior cannot be provided in the sense of DBMS ACID transactions. A review of existing concepts and requirements is required for proposing an approach that addresses them. Although several approaches concerning transactional behavior have been proposed, we think that it is necessary to clarify what is needed for current information systems and what remains as an open issue. In that sense, we propose some aspects for characterizing the transactional behavior and furthermore we introduce a critical review of current approaches
Paradiddle : An Exploration of a One-Handed Tap-Based Text Entry Technique

In this paper, we present Paradiddle, a tap-based onehanded text-entry method. Paradiddle is designed to support mobile text entry where, for many applications, the total time to enter text (text-entry latency) may be more important than raw speed (text-entry bandwidth). Like many text-entry systems, Paradiddle uses quick taps to select letters, but Paradiddle distinguishes taps not primarily by position on the user interface surface, but rather by the finger that performed the tap. We test the Paradiddle technique by comparing an implementation that approximates its user experience with Twiddler. Although the results show that Twiddler is faster to learn, exploratory modifications show promise for improving Paradiddle’s performance.
Impact of receive diversity on the performance of amplify-and-forward relaying under APS and IPS power constraints

In this letter, we investigate the impact of receive diversity on the error rate performance of a relay-assisted cooperative scheme in which the relay terminal is operating in amplify-and-forward (AF) mode under the so-called average power scaling (APS) and instantaneous power scaling (IPS) constraints. We assume that the source and relay terminals are each equipped with one antenna, while the destination terminal is equipped with N receive antennas. Through the derivation of symbol error rate expressions, we demonstrate that the maximum achievable diversity orders under APS and IPS constraints are N+1 and 2N, respectively
Find-me and eat-me signals in apoptotic cell clearance: progress and conundrums

Everyday we turnover billions of cells. The quick, efficient, and immunologically silent disposal of the dying cells requires a coordinated orchestration of multiple steps, through which phagocytes selectively recognize and engulf apoptotic cells. Recent studies have suggested an important role for soluble mediators released by apoptotic cells that attract phagocytes (“find-me” signals). New information has also emerged on multiple receptors that can recognize phosphatidylserine, the key “eat-me” signal exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells. This perspective discusses recent exciting progress, gaps in our understanding, and the conflicting issues that arise from the newly acquired knowledge.
A new boost switched capacitor multilevel inverter using different multi carrier PWM techniques

In this paper, a new boost switched capacitor multilevel inverter is proposed. Two structures: a switched capacitor circuit & a two level (full bridge) inverter are connected in cascade. The proposed inverter outputs a larger output voltage than the input voltage. The inverter can be smaller than the conventional two-stage inverter, which consists of boost converter and a full bridge inverter. Number of switching devices used in the circuit is reduced as compared to the conventional cascaded multilevel inverter of same configuration. The multilevel dc output voltage of the switched capacitor circuit is the input voltage of the classical full bridge inverter, resulting in a staircase output voltage waveform. Such a multilevel waveform is close to a sinusoid; its harmonic content can be reduced when compared to the conventional multilevel inverter by using the pwm control strategy. The proposed inverter is driven by different multi carrier based techniques like PDPWM, PODPWM & APODPWM and total harmonic distortion (THD) of each type is compared. The simulation model is done using MATLAB 7.9/ SIMULINK package & results are shown.
Reliable feature selection for language model adaptation

Language model adaptation aims to adapt a general model to a domain-specific model so that the adapted model can match the lexical information in test data. The minimum discrimination information (MDI) is a popular mechanism for language model adaptation through minimizing the Kullback-Leibler distance to the background model where the constraints found in adaptation data are satisfied. MDI adaptation with unigram constraints has been successfully applied for speech recognition owing to its computational efficiency. However, the unigram features only contain low-level information of adaptation articles which are too rough to attain precise adaptation performance. Accordingly, it is desirable to induce high-order features and explore delicate information for language model adaptation if the adaptation data is abundant. In this study, we focus on adaptively select the reliable features based on re-sampling and calculating the statistical confidence interval. We identify the reliable regions and build the inequality constraints for MDI adaptation. In this way, the reliable intervals can be used for adaptation so that interval estimation is achieved rather than point estimation. Also, the features can be selected automatically in the whole procedure. In the experiments, we carry out the proposed method for broadcast news transcription. We obtain significant improvement compared to conventional MDI adaptation with unigram features for different amount of adaptation data.
Scenario Testing in Managing the Market Risk of an Interest Rate Derivatives Portfolio

This thesis develops a method for market risk measurement of an interest rate derivatives portfolio. The potential value loss of the portfolio is tested on a daily basis using market scenarios for interest rates and interest rate volatilities. Test scenarios are chosen to represent plausible changes in the market factors. The portfolio being tested consists of interest rate instruments including swaps, forward rate agreements, futures contracts, futures options, interest rate caps and floors and swaptions. Valuation models for these instrument types are introduced. The market scenarios are specified from historical interest rate data using principal components analysis. The resulting principal components are interpreted as typical market movements and are therefore chosen as test scenarios. Scenarios testing is used as a supplementary market risk measurement tool in conjunction with the incumbent risk management tools. It is found that the risk measures that result from the test scenarios do help the dealers and the risk managers to evaluate the structure of the current derivatives position. However, the benefits over the current risk measures are limited, and better results could be obtained by methods like scenario simulation and Value at Risk.
Pituitary Adenoma Volumetry with 3D Slicer

In this study, we present pituitary adenoma volumetry using the free and open source medical image computing platform for biomedical research: (3D) Slicer. Volumetric changes in cerebral pathologies like pituitary adenomas are a critical factor in treatment decisions by physicians and in general the volume is acquired manually. Therefore, manual slice-by-slice segmentations in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, which have been obtained at regular intervals, are performed. In contrast to this manual time consuming slice-by-slice segmentation process Slicer is an alternative which can be significantly faster and less user intensive. In this contribution, we compare pure manual segmentations of ten pituitary adenomas with semi-automatic segmentations under Slicer. Thus, physicians drew the boundaries completely manually on a slice-by-slice basis and performed a Slicer-enhanced segmentation using the competitive region-growing based module of Slicer named GrowCut. Results showed that the time and user effort required for GrowCut-based segmentations were on average about thirty percent less than the pure manual segmentations. Furthermore, we calculated the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) between the manual and the Slicer-based segmentations to proof that the two are comparable yielding an average DSC of 81.97±3.39%.
Virtual Team Leader Communication: Employee Perception and Organizational Reality

Based on a study of leader communication effectiveness conducted in a large human resource outsourcing firm, this article reports how virtual team members’ perceptions of their leaders’ effective use of communication tools and techniques affect team performance outcomes. The study also investigates the role that trust plays in moderating the relationship between virtual team members’ perceptions of their leaders’ effective use of communication and team performance. Analysis of 458 responses from 68 teams found a positive relationship between virtual team members’ perceptions of leaders’ effective use of communications and team members’ perception of their team’s performance. The study also found that trust strengthens the relationship between perceived leader communication effectiveness and team performance results. Last, the study also revealed serious organizational alignment issues between what team members perceived to be effective leader communication, their perception of team performance outcomes, and the organizations performance measured by a balanced scorecard.