Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anthropic considerations in multiple-domain theories and the scale of electroweak symmetry breaking

One of the puzzles of the standard model is why the mass parameter {mu}{sup 2} , which determines the weak interaction scale, is closer to the quantum chromodynamics scale than to the grand unification or Planck scales. We consider a novel approach to this problem, based upon the idea that {mu}{sup 2} takes different values in different domains of the Universe. The whole range of values for {mu}{sup 2} , from +M{sup 2}{sub P} to {minus}M{sup 2}{sub P} , is explored, and it is found that only for values in a narrow window is life likely to be possible. The observed value of {mu}{sup 2} is fairly typical of the values in this window. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Energy-efficient fragment recovery techniques for Low-Power and Lossy Networks

The 6LoWPAN layer was recently introduced as a means to enable the transmission of IPv6 datagrams over Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLNs). That layer provides schemes for fragmenting the network-layer datagrams and reassembling link-layer fragments. However, the loss of one fragment of the original datagram will lead to the loss of the latter, and eventually the retransmission of all the fragments, which is not energy-efficient. Simple Frame Forwarding and Recovery (SFFR), introduced by Thubert and Hui, is a simple end-to-end scheme for coping with MAC-layer losses in multi-hop LLNs. In this paper, we study the performance of SFFR in multi-hop wireless networks, in terms of energy consumption. Numerical results show that SFFR offers an efficient alternative to classical, hop-by-hop error-control schemes like ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request).
Classification of Promoters Based on the Combination of Core Promoter Elements Exhibits Different Histone Modification Patterns

Four different histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4; two subunits each) constitute a histone octamer, around which DNA wraps to form histone-DNA complexes called nucleosomes. Amino acid residues in each histone are occasionally modified, resulting in several biological effects, including differential regulation of transcription. Core promoters that encompass the transcription start site have well-conserved DNA motifs, including the initiator (Inr), TATA box, and DPE, which are collectively called the core promoter elements (CPEs). In this study, we systematically studied the associations between the CPEs and histone modifications by integrating the Drosophila Core Promoter Database and time-series ChIP-seq data for histone modifications (H3K4me3, H3K27ac, and H3K27me3) during development in Drosophila melanogaster via the modENCODE project. We classified 96 core promoters into four groups based on the presence or absence of the TATA box or DPE, calculated the histone modification ratio at the core promoter region, and transcribed region for each core promoter. We found that the histone modifications in TATA-less groups were static during development and that the core promoters could be clearly divided into three types: i) core promoters with continuous active marks (H3K4me3 and H3K27ac), ii) core promoters with a continuous inactive mark (H3K27me3) and occasional active marks, and iii) core promoters with occasional histone modifications. Linear regression analysis and non-linear regression by random forest showed that the TATA-containing groups included core promoters without histone modifications, for which the measured RNA expression values were not predictable accurately from the histone modification status. DPE-containing groups had a higher relative frequency of H3K27me3 in both the core promoter region and transcribed region. In summary, our analysis showed that there was a systematic link between the existence of the CPEs and the dynamics, frequency and influence on transcriptional activity of histone modifications.
Risk perceptions, preferences and management strategies: evidence from a case study using German livestock farmers

Abstract We analyze the factors affecting farmers’ choice accounting for farm, farmer, and household characteristics as well as elicited risk perception and risk preferences. We consider three alternative hypothetical methods for assessing risk preferences to test the stability and behavioral validity of them. Our case study focuses on livestock farmers in the German region North Rhine-Westphalia. We find that risk preferences are context depending, i.e. differ across different fields of farm-level decision-making. Furthermore, our analysis shows that risk-averse farmers are more likely to prioritize on-farm risk management strategies over off-farm strategies. Moreover, higher risk perception, age, subjective numeracy, farm succession, farm size, and the proportion of rented land show a significant impact on farmers’ risk behavior
Microbiota diversity and stability of the preterm neonatal ileum and colon of two infants

The composition of the microbiota associated with the human ileum and colon in the early weeks of life of two preterm infants was examined, with particular emphasis on the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium members. Culturing work showed that bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the ileostomy changed over time, compared with the colostomy effluent where there was far less variation. The colostomy infant was dominated by two phyla, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, while in the ileostomy samples, Proteobacteria emerged at the expense of Actinobacteria. Bacteroidetes were only detected following the reversal of the ileostomy in the final fecal sample and were not detected in any colonic fluid samples. Clostridia levels were unstable in the colostomy fluid, suggesting that the ileostomy/colostomy itself influenced the gut microbiota, in particular the strict anaerobes. Pyrosequencing analysis of microbiota composition indicated that bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are among the dominant genera in both the ileal and colonic fluids. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli levels were unstable in the ileostomy fluid, with large reductions in numbers and relative proportions of both observed. These decreases were characterized by an increase in proportions of Streptococcus and Enterobacteriaceae. Clostridium was detected only in the colonic effluent, with large changes in the relative proportions over time.
Improving Collaboration and Shared Experiences in Out-and-About Mobile Video Conferencing

Video conferencing allows people to collaborate and share experiences across a variety of work and playrelated scenarios. Mobile video conferencing enables entirely new usage scenarios where one or more parties are physically moving around in a large activity environment. One major benefit of mobile devices is that they can potentially support activities that focus on large environments—activities such as searching, navigating, and touring. However, today’s mobile video conferencing tools are not designed to support such activities. We discuss potential design ideas for mobile video conferencing tools that could better support these kinds of activities.
Assessing Credit with Equity: A Cev Model with Jump to Default

Unlike in structural and reduced-form models, we use equity as a liquid and observable primitive to analytically value corporate bonds and credit default swaps.Restrictive assumptions on the . rm.s capital structure are avoided.Default is parsimoniously represented by equity value hitting the zero barrier either diffusively or with a jump, which implies non-zero credit spreads for short maturities.Easy cross-asset hedging is enabled.By means of a tersely speci.ed pricing kernel, we also make analytic credit-risk management possible under systematic jump-to-default risk.
On-chip clock error characterization for clock distribution system

In this paper, we investigate a test strategy for characterization of clock error statistics between two clock domains in high-speed clocking systems (gigahertz and more). The method allows an indirect measurement (not based on time interval measurement) of clock error distribution by observing the integrity of a periodic sequence transmitted between two clocking domains. The method is compatible with fully on-chip implementation, and the readout of result to off-chip signals is cadenced at low rate. The strategy aims at picoseconds resolution without complex calibration. The idea was first validated by a discrete prototype at downscaled frequencies, and then a high frequency on-chip prototype was designed using 65 nm CMOS technology. Simulation results predict a measurement precision of less than ±2.5 ps. The article presents the theory, exposes the hardware implementation, and reports the experimental validation and simulation results of two prototypes.
Towards an Universal Approach to Background Removal in Images of Bankchecks

This paper is concerned with an approach to the automated design of lters for background removal of bankchecks. The approach is derived from a simpli ed version of the morphological subtraction and its interpretation, using the 2DHistogram. From an empty bankcheck, a mask is computed, which can be added to every lled-in bankcheck of the same kind, ltering the user entered information parts within the bankcheck image. This approach works well for many types of bankchecks, but it fails for EC bankchecks. By considering the 2DHistogram of empty and lled-in EC bankcheck images, a means is given for improving the result for EC checks, using the so-called 2D-Lookup algorithm. Moreover, this algorithm allows for the use of the lled-in image only, if there is a way to specify two lter operations, which process the lled-in image in order to get a separable 2D-Histogram. An evolutionary algorithm, the genetic programming (GP), is used for performing this adaptation task. The evolutionary generated lters shows very good performance for EC bankcheck background removal. A detailed study gives the importance of a family of image processing operations, the OWA operations, for this removal.
Tachyon couplings to fermion

By fixing the internal CP factor of tachyon and massless Ramond vertex operators in different pictures, we have shown that the internal CP factor of the disk level S-matrix elements of two fermions and odd number of tachyon vertex operators in the world volume of non-BPS D-branes/D-brane-anti-D-brane is zero. We have calculated the S-matrix element of two fermions and two tachyons which has non vanishing internal CP factor, and found the momentum expansion of this amplitude. In the abelian case, we have compared the two-fermion-two-tachyon coupling at low energy with the corresponding coupling in the gauge-fixed supersymmetric tachyon DBI action. The couplings in the two cases are exactly the same.
Advection-dominated Accretion and Black Hole Event Horizons

The defining characteristic of a black hole is that it possesses an event horizon through which matter and energy can fall in but from which nothing escapes. Soft X-ray transients (SXTs), a class of X-ray binaries, appear to confirm this fundamental property of black holes. SXTs that are thought to contain accreting black holes display a large variation of luminosity between their bright and faint states, while SXTs with accreting neutron stars have a smaller variation. This difference is predicted if the former stars have horizons and the latter have normal surfaces.
The Hierarchical Structure of Mental Metaphors

People think about abstract domains like TIME and GOODNESS metaphorically. This tendency may be universal. Yet the particular mental metaphors that people use can differ dramatically between individuals and groups, and may change from one moment to the next. Where do our mental metaphors come from, and how can they change so quickly in response to new patterns of experience? If mental metaphors are grounded in universal patterns of body–world interaction, how can different people have contrasting (and sometimes contradictory) mental metaphors? Hierarchical Mental Metaphors Theory (HMMT) provides an account of: (a) how mental metaphors are formed and changed, (b) how they can be fundamental to our understanding of abstract domains, yet at the same time remarkably flexible, and (c) how distinctive language-specific, culture-specific, and body-specific mental metaphors can arise from universal patterns of interaction with the physical and social world.
Differential Activation of Adenylate Cyclase and Receptor Internalization by Novel Dopamine D1 Receptor Agonists

Structurally dissimilar dopamine D1 receptor agonists were compared with dopamine in their ability to activate adenylate cyclase and to internalize hemagglutinin-tagged human D1 receptors in a stably transfected human embryonic kidney cell line. Thirteen dopamine D1 receptor agonists were selected rationally from three different structural classes: rigid fused ring compounds [dihydrexidine, dinapsoline, dinoxyline, apomorphine, and (5aR,11bS)-4,5,5a,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2-propyl-3-thia-5-azacyclopent-1-ena[c]-phenanthrene-9,10-diol (A86929)]; isochromans [(1R,3S)-3-(1′adamantyl)-1-aminomethyl-3,4-dihydo-5,6-dihydroxy-1H-2-benzopyran (A77636) and (1R,3S)-3-phenyl-1-aminomethyl-3,4-dihydo-5,6-dihydroxy-1H-2-benzopyran (A68930)]; and benzazepines [7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine (SKF38393), (±)-7,8-dihydroxy-3-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine (SKF77434), 6-chloro-7,8-dihydroxy-3-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine (SKF82958), 3-methyl-6-chloro-7,8-hydroxy-1-[3-methylphenyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-]H-3-benzazepine (SKF83959), R(+)-6-chloro-7,8,-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine (SKF82957), and R(+)-6-chloro-7,8,-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine (SKF81297)]. The working hypothesis was that some agonists have differential effects on adenylate cyclase versus receptor internalization that could be correlated to the structural class of the agonist. First, the affinity for the hemagglutinin-hD1 receptor and the intrinsic activity and potency of adenylate cyclase activation were determined for each compound. The internalization time course and internalization efficacy were then determined for each agonist. It was surprising that internalization efficacy was found to be independent of either agonist structural class or affinity. Only agonists that had both high adenylate cyclase functional potency and high intrinsic activity caused internalization. In addition, four agonists from two structural classes were identified that were capable of fully activating adenylate cyclase without eliciting an internalization response. This study provides the first extensive characterization of D1 receptor internalization in response to structurally diverse agonists and, at least for the D1 receptor, shows that functional selectivity is not predictable by simple structural examination. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that functional selectivity reflects subtle ligand-induced conformational changes as opposed to simple agonist trafficking among discrete receptor active states.
AC: composable asynchronous IO for native languages

This paper introduces AC, a set of language constructs for composable asynchronous IO in native languages such as C/C++. Unlike traditional synchronous IO interfaces, AC lets a thread issue multiple IO requests so that they can be serviced concurrently, and so that long-latency operations can be overlapped with computation. Unlike traditional asynchronous IO interfaces, AC retains a sequential style of programming without requiring code to use multiple threads, and without requiring code to be "stack-ripped" into chains of callbacks. AC provides an "async" statement to identify opportunities for IO operations to be issued concurrently, a "do.finish" block that waits until any enclosed "async" work is complete, and a "cancel" statement that requests cancellation of unfinished IO within an enclosing "do.finish". We give an operational semantics for a core language. We describe and evaluate implementations that are integrated with message passing on the Barrelfish research OS, and integrated with asynchronous file and network IO on Microsoft Windows. We show that AC offers comparable performance to existing C/C++ interfaces for asynchronous IO, while providing a simpler programming model.
Improved tangent space based distance metric for accurate lithographic hotspot classification

A distance metric of patterns is crucial to hotspot cluster analysis and classification. In this paper, we propose an improved tangent space based metric for pattern matching based hotspot cluster analysis and classification. The proposed distance metric is an important extension of the well-developed tangent space method in computer vision. It can handle patterns containing multiple polygons, while the traditional tangent space method can only deal with patterns with a single polygon. It inherits most of the advantages of the traditional tangent space method, e.g., it is easy to compute and is tolerant with small variations or shifts of the shapes. Compared with the existing distance metric based on XOR of hotspot patterns, the improved tangent space based distance metric can achieve up to 37.5% accuracy improvement with at most 4.3× computational cost in the context of cluster analysis. The improved tangent space based distance metric is a more reliable and accurate metric for hotspot cluster analysis and classification. It is more suitable for industry applications.
Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Is a Positive Oligodendrocyte Regulator during Demyelination

The morphogen Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) controls the generation of oligodendrocyte (OLs) during embryonic development and regulates OL production in adulthood in the cortex and corpus callosum. The roles of Shh in CNS repair following lesions associated with demyelinating diseases are still unresolved. Here, we address this issue by using a model of focal demyelination induced by lysolecithin in the corpus callosum of adult mice. Shh transcripts and protein were not detected in control animals but were upregulated in a time-dependent manner in the oligodendroglial lineage within the lesion. We report an increased transcription of Shh target genes suggesting a broad reactivation of the Shh pathway. We show that the adenovirus-mediated transfer of Shh into the lesioned brain results in the attenuation of the lesion extent with the increase of OL progenitor cells (OPCs) and mature myelinating OL numbers due to survival, proliferation, and differentiation activities as well as the decrease of astrogliosis and macrophage infiltration. Furthermore, the blocking of Shh signaling during the lesion, using its physiological antagonist, Hedgehog interacting protein, results in a decrease of OPC proliferation and differentiation, preventing repair. Together, our findings identify Shh as a necessary factor playing a positive role during demyelination and indicate that its signaling activation stands as a potential therapeutic approach for myelin diseases.
Impact of Node Speed on Throughput of Energy-Constrained Mobile Networks with Wireless Power Transfer

A wireless charging station (WCS) transfers energy wirelessly to mobile nodes within its charging region. This paper investigates the impact of node speed on the throughput of WCS overlaid mobile networks when packet transmissions are constrained by the energy status of each node. The energy provision for each node depends on its moving speed. A slow-moving node outside the charging region is unable to receive energy from WCSs for a long time, while one inside the charging region consistently recharges the battery. Reflecting on these phenomena, we design a two-dimensional Markov chain, where the states respectively represent the remaining energy and the distance to the nearest WCS. Solving this enables the following theoretic insights. Firstly, the throughput is a non-decreasing function of node speed. With faster node speed, the throughput converges to that of the independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) mobility model where nodes can move anywhere without being restricted by their previous positions. Secondly, if the battery capacity of each node is infinite, the throughput is equivalent to that of the i.i. d. mobility model regardless of node speed. Finally, the throughput scaling is calculated as Theta(min(1, m/n)c^{\min(1,m/n))), where n and m represent the number of nodes and WCSs, respectively.
Emotional Experiences and Motivating Factors Associated with Fingerprint Analysis

Abstract: In this study, we investigated the emotional and motivational factors involved in fingerprint analysis in day‐to‐day routine case work and in significant and harrowing criminal investigations. Thematic analysis was performed on interviews with 13 experienced fingerprint examiners from a variety of law enforcement agencies. The data revealed factors relating to job satisfaction and the use of skill. Individual satisfaction related to catching criminals was observed; this was most notable in solving high profile, serious, or long‐running cases. There were positive emotional effects associated with matching fingerprints and apparent fear of making errors. Finally, we found evidence for a need of cognitive closure in fingerprint examiner decision‐making.
The Framework of Home Remote Automation System Based on Smartphone

The purpose of this paper is creating a mobile app on a Smartphone device so that the user can control electronic devices; see the amount of flow that has been used in the amount of dollars, so the problem is the difficulty in saving electricity can be resolved. Development and design was done by collecting data using questionnaires to the respondents. Design method using observations, distributing questionnaires and to study literature, and then after that do the design in hardware (microcontroller) made United Modeling Language (UML), database design, code implementation and creation of user interfaces on IOS and Android. The result of this research is the implementation of a remote home automation application in mobile which can help users in order to control the home and determine the cost of electricity that has been used in every electronic device so that the optimization can be achieved.
Information dependencies

This paper uses the tools of information theory to examine and reason about the information content of the attributes within a relation instance. For two sets of attributes X and Y, an information dependency measure (InD measure) characterizes the uncertainty remaining about the values for the set Y when the values for the set X are known. A variety of arithmetic inequalities (InD inequalities) are shown to hold among InD measures; InD inequalities hold in any relation instance. Numeric constraints (InD constraints) on InD measures, consistent with the InD inequalities, can be applied to relation instances. Remarkably, functional and multivalued dependencies correspond to setting certain constraints to zero, with Armstrong's axioms shown to be consequences of the arithmetic inequalities applied to constraints. As an analog of completeness, for any set of constraints consistent with the inequalities, we may construct a relation instance that approximates these constraints within any positive &egr;. InD measures suggest many valuable applications in areas such as data mining.