Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hot-Trim: Thermal and Reliability Management for Commercial Multicore Processors Considering Workload Dependent Hot Spots

This work proposes a new dynamic thermal and reliability management framework via task mapping and migration to improve thermal performance and reliability of commercial multicore processors considering workload-dependent thermal hot spot stress. The new method is motivated by the observation that different workloads activate different spatial power and thermal hot spots within each core of processors. Existing run-time thermal management, which is based on on-chip location-fixed thermal sensor information, can lead to suboptimal management solutions as the temperatures provided by those sensors may not be the true hot spots. The new method, called Hot-Trim, utilizes a machine learning-based approach to characterize the power density hot spots across each core, then a new task mapping/migration scheme is developed based on the hot spot stresses. Compared to existing works, the new approach is the first to optimize VLSI reliabilities by exploring workload-dependent power hot spots. The advantages of the proposed method over the Linux baseline task mapping and the temperature-based mapping method are demonstrated and validated on real commercial chips. Experiments on a real Intel Core i7 quad-core processor executing PARSEC-3.0 and SPLASH-2 benchmarks show that, compared to the existing Linux scheduler, core and hot spot temperature can be lowered by 1.15 °C–1.31 °C. In addition, Hot-Trim can improve the chip’s electro-migration (EM), negative biased temperature instability, and hot-carrier-injection (HCI) related reliability by 30.2%, 7.0%, and 31.1%, respectively, compared to Linux baseline without any performance degradation. Furthermore, it improves EM and HCI-related reliability by 29.6% and 19.6%, respectively, and at the same time even further reduces the temperature by half a degree compared to the conventional temperature-based mapping technique.
Parent's Engagement in the Learning Needs of Learners with Down Syndrome in the New Normal Education

This study probed parental engagement in the learning needs of the learners with Down syndrome (DS) in their homes in Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines, during this new normal education. Parents of a child with DS were the primary participants of this study. Merriam’s case study approach was utilized as a research design. Multiple data sources were considered, such as interview transcripts and observation notes during the actual interview. The results show that parents exerted more effort to ensure their children's educational success amidst the pandemic. The findings of the study reveal parents' efforts to catch the attention of their children during the delivery of learning at home. Although parents struggled to extend their children's limited attention span, they managed to find suitable strategies to keep their focus, like using different reinforcements and utilizing videos from social media platforms to teach their children. It is recommended that parents or guardians of children with DS consider pieces of training on how to effectively facilitate their children's learning process. Special Education (SPED) teachers must guide the parents on how to facilitate learning at home together with the school principal, who could initiate teaching pedagogy seminars and training for parents. The seminars and training would help parents and guardians facilitate their child's learning process.
Antibacterial Screening of Leaves Extracts of Annona muricata (Annonaceae) and Jatropha tanjorensis (Euphorbiaceae) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The crude extracts of Annona muricata and Jatropha tanjorensis leaves were investigated with the aim of determining the antibacterial activity, qualitative and quantitative properties, the best solvent used for extraction, the most active ingredients and the organism that is most susceptible to them. Ethanol, petroleum ether and water (warm) were used as solvents. Agar well diffusion method was used for the susceptibility testing of extracts against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with ciprofloxacine as positive control and sterile water as negative control. Ethanol and petroleum ether extracts of the plant, either alone or in combination, showed activities against test organisms. P. aeruginosa was more susceptible to ethanolic extract of A. muricata extract with 11.33±0.33 mm zone of inhibition while E. coli was the least susceptible with 9.83 mm. E. coli was more susceptible to ethanolic extract of J. tanjorensis with 10.0±0.00 mm zone of inhibition while P. aeruginosa was the least susceptible with 9.0±0.0 mm diameter. Using petroleum ether, E. coli was the most susceptible to A. muricata extract with 7.33±0.33 while S. aureus was the least susceptible with 7.00±0.58 mm diameter. For J. tanjorensis petroleum ether extract, E. coli was the least susceptible with 7.33. 0±0.33 mm zone of inhibition while S. aureus was the most susceptible with 8.0±0.0.58 mm diameter. The combination of petroleum ether extracts of both plants gave zones of inhibition of 7.67±0.67 mm and 8.33±0.67 mm for E. coli and S. aureus respectively. The combination of ethanolic extracts of both plants gave zones of inhibition of 14.33±0.67 mm, 12.60±0.6 mm and 7.67±0.33 mm E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa respectively, which suggest a synergistic effect. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the extracts against test organisms ranged between 25 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL while the minimal bactericidal concentration ranged between 50 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL. This study reveals that the ethanol and petroleum ether extracts of A. muricata and J. tanjorensis have antibacterial effect on E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.
Modification of magicity toward the dripline and its impact on electron-capture rates for stellar core collapse

The importance of microphysical inputs from laboratory nuclear experiments and theoretical nuclear structure calculations in the understanding of the core collapse dynamics, and the subsequent supernova explosion, is largely recognized in the recent literature. In this work, we analyze the impact of the masses of very neutron rich nuclei on the matter composition during collapse, and the corresponding electron capture rate. To this aim, we introduce an empirical modification of the popular Duflo-Zuker mass model to account for possible shell quenching far from stability, and study the effect of the quenching on the average electron capture rate. We show that the preeminence of the N=50 and N=82 closed shells in the collapse dynamics is considerably decreased if the shell gaps are reduced in the region of 78Ni and beyond. As a consequence, local modifications of the overall electron capture rate up to 30\% can be expected, with integrated values strongly dependent on the stiffness of magicity quenching and progenitor mass and potential important consequences on the entropy generation, the neutrino emissivity, and the mass of the core at bounce. Our work underlines the importance of new experimental measurements in this region of the nuclear chart, the most crucial information being the nuclear mass and the Gamow-Teller strength. Reliable microscopic calculations of the associated elementary rate, in a wide range of temperatures and electron densities, optimized on these new empirical information, will be additionally needed to get quantitative predictions of the collapse dynamics.
Generalised Poisson-Dirichlet Distributions and the Negative Binomial Point Process

When $S=(S_t)_{t\ge 0}$ is an $\alpha$-stable subordinator, the sequence of ordered jumps of $S$, up till time $1$, omitting the $r$ largest of them, and taken as proportions of their sum $^{(r)}S_t$, defines a 2-parameter distribution on the infinite dimensional simplex, $\nabla_{\infty}$, which we call the $\mathrm{PD}_\alpha^{(r)}$ distribution. When $r=0$ it reduces to the $\mathrm{PD}_\alpha$ distribution introduced by Kingman in 1975. We observe a serendipitous connection between $\mathrm{PD}_\alpha^{(r)}$ and the negative binomial point process of Gregoire (1984), which we exploit to analyse in detail a size-biased version of $\mathrm{PD}_\alpha^{(r)}$. As a consequence we derive a stick-breaking representation for the process and a useful form for its distribution. This program produces a large new class of distributions available for a variety of modelling purposes.
The Gribov phenomenon in flat and curved spaces

The quantization of Yang–Mills theories relies on the gauge-fixing procedure. However, in the non-Abelian case this procedure leads to the well-known Gribov ambiguity. In order to solve the ambiguity a modification of the functional integral formula must be introduced. As a consequence of this, the Green functions get deep modifications in the infrared. We consider, in particular, the SU(N) case and show that in the pure gauge case the ghost propagator is enhanced, while the gluon propagator is suppressed in this limit, therefore the study of the Gribov ambiguity may shed some light on the mass gap problem and on color confinement. We discuss some recent developments on the subject in the case of a curved background. We argue that the concurrent presence of a spacetime curvature and the Gribov ambiguity may introduce further modifications to the Green functions in the infrared.
A possible mechanism for forming the radio emission spectrum of the Crab pulsar

In the present paper a self-consistent theory, explaining shape of the observed phase-averaged radio spectrum in the frequency range from 100MHz to 10GHz is presented. The radio waves are assumed to be generated near the light cylinder through the cyclotron resonance. The cyclotron instability provides excitement of the electron-positron plasma eigen-waves, which come in radio domain when the resonant particles are the most energetic primary beam electrons. It is widely accepted that the distribution function of relativistic particles is one-dimensional at the pulsar surface. The generated waves react back on the resonant particles causing their diffusion in the perpendicular direction to the magnetic field and violating the one-dimensionality, which switches on the synchrotron radiation process. The synchrotron emission of the beam electrons provides generation of high-energy $\gamma$-rays simultaneously with the radio emission, that explains the observed pulse phase-coincidence in these energy domains. The theory provides a power-law radio spectrum with the spectral index equal to $3.7$, coming in agreement with the observations.
Early Bolting, Yield, and Quality of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels Responses to Intercropping Patterns

Intercropping is a sustainable method for cultivating medicinal herbs since it requires lower dependence on chemical fertilizers than a sole cropping system. In this study, we compared the effects of sole cropping and intercropping on early bolting, yield, and the chemical composition of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. Field experiments were conducted, in 2018 and in 2019, using different cropping systems including sole cropping of A. sinensis (AS), sole cropping of Vicia faba (VF), and intercropping (without fertilization) at three ratios: one row of A. sinensis + three rows of V. faba, AS/VF (1:3), two rows of A. sinensis + two rows V. faba, AS/VF (2:2), three rows of A. sinensis + one row V. faba, AS/VF (3:1). The effect of each cropping system was evaluated by measuring the dry biomass of V. faba and the dry biomass, ferulic acid content, and essential oil content and composition of A. sinensis. The early bolting rate of A. sinensis was significantly lower in the intercropping system as compared with that in a sole cropping system. The AS/VF (3:1) intercropping pattern resulted in an optimal yield and the highest ferulic acid content of A. sinensis, highest dry biomass of V. faba, and highest land equivalent ratio (LER). Additionally, the A. sinensis was more aggressive (the aggressivity value of A. sinensis was positive, and its competitive ratio was >1) under AS/VF (3:1) intercropping pattern, and it dominated over V. faba (which had negative aggressivity values and a competitive ratio of <1) under AS/VF (3:1) intercropping pattern. Ligustilide was the most dominant component of the essential oil of A. sinensis, regardless of the cropping system; however, the chemical component of essential oil was not influenced by intercropping patterns. Overall, the AS/VF (3:1) intercropping pattern without fertilization was the most productive, with the highest LER and ferulic acid content. These data indicate that intercropping can serve as an alternative for reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and intercropping also decreases the early bolting rate of A. sinensis, thus, enabling its sustainable production.
Characterization of nonlocal diffusion operators satisfying the Liouville theorem. Irrational numbers and subgroups of $\mathbb{R}^d$

We investigate the characterization of generators $\mathcal{L}$ of Levy processes satisfying the Liouville theorem: Bounded functions $u$ solving $\mathcal{L}[u]=0$ are constant. These operators are degenerate elliptic of the form $\mathcal{L}=\mathcal{L}^{\sigma,b}+\mathcal{L}^\mu$ for some local part $\mathcal{L}^{\sigma,b}[u]=\text{tr}(\sigma \sigma^{\texttt{T}} D^2u)+b \cdot Du$ and nonlocal part $$ \mathcal{L}^\mu[u](x)=\int \big(u(x+z)-u(x)-z \cdot Du(x) \mathbf{1}_{|z| \leq 1}\big) \, \text{d} \mu(z), $$ where $\mu \geq 0$ is a so-called Levy measure possibly unbounded for small $z$. In this paper, we focus on the pure nonlocal case $\sigma=0$ and $b=0$, where we assume in addition that $\mu$ is symmetric which corresponds to self-adjoint pure jump Levy operators $\mathcal{L}=\mathcal{L}^\mu$. The case of general Levy operators $\mathcal{L}=\mathcal{L}^{\sigma,b}+\mathcal{L}^\mu$ will be considered in the forthcoming paper \cite{AlDTEnJa18}. In our setting, we show that $\mathcal{L}^\mu[u]=0$ if and only if $u$ is periodic wrt the subgroup generated by the support of $\mu$. Therefore, the Liouville property holds if and only if this subgroup is dense, and in space dimension $d=1$ there is an equivalent condition in terms of irrational numbers. In dimension $d \geq 1$, we have a clearer view of the operators \textit{not} satisfying the Liouville theorem whose general form is precisely identified. The proofs are based on arguments of propagation of maximum.
Using the 2-MASS photometric redshift survey to optimize LIGO follow-up observations

The initial discovery of LIGO on 14 September 2015 was the inspiral merger and ring-down of the black hole binary at a distance of about 500~Mpc or a redshift of about 0.1. The search for electromagnetic counterparts for the inspiral of binary black holes is impeded by coarse initial source localisations and a lack of a compelling model for the counterpart; therefore, rapid electromagnetic follow-up is required to understand the astrophysical context of these sources. Because astrophysical sources of gravitational radiation are likely to reside in galaxies, it would make sense to search first in regions where the LIGO-Virgo probability is large and where the density of galaxies is large as well. Under the assumption that the probability of a gravitational-wave event from a given region of space is proportional to the density of galaxies within the probed volume, one can calculate an improved localisation of the position of the source simply by multiplying the LIGO-Virgo skymap by the density of galaxies in the range of redshifts. We propose using the 2-MASS Photometric Redshift Galaxy Catalogue for this purpose and demonstrate that using it can dramatically reduce the search region for electromagnetic counterparts.
Nonplanarity through unitarity in the ABJM theory

We use unitarity techniques to compute the two-loop non-planar corrections to the Sudakov form factor and the four-point amplitude in ABJM theory. We start by reconstructing non-planar integrals from two-particle cuts in three dimensions. This causes ambiguities, due to the one-loop four-point amplitude being subleading in dimensional regularization. We provide a prescription to circumvent them and show that it leads to the correct results, as checked against the recent Feynman diagram computation. For the amplitude we point out an alternative basis of integrals, including a non-planar double-box with a numerator inspired by color-kinematics duality. We reproduce the result using a combination thereof with the coefficients fixed by generalized unitarity. For BLG theory we propose that this gives the form of the amplitude satisfying color-kinematics duality. Finally, we compute the complete two-loop amplitude of three-dimensional N = 8 SYM, and the corresponding four-point amplitude in N = 16 supergravity as a double copy.
Dark matter searches with Cherenkov telescopes: nearby dwarf galaxies or local galaxy clusters?

In this paper, we compare dwarf galaxies and galaxy clusters in order to elucidate which object class is the best target for gamma-ray DM searches with imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). We have built a mixed dwarfs+clusters sample containing some of the most promising nearby dwarf galaxies (Draco, Ursa Minor, Wilman 1 and Segue 1) and local galaxy clusters (Perseus, Coma, Ophiuchus, Virgo, Fornax, NGC 5813 and NGC 5846), and then compute their DM annihilation flux profiles by making use of the latest modeling of their DM density profiles. We also include in our calculations the effect of DM substructure. Willman 1 appears as the best candidate in the sample. However, its mass modeling is still rather uncertain, so probably other candidates with less uncertainties and quite similar fluxes, namely Ursa Minor and Segue 1, might be better options. As for galaxy clusters, Virgo represents the one with the highest flux. However, its large spatial extension can be a serious handicap for IACT observations and posterior data analysis. Yet, other local galaxy cluster candidates with more moderate emission regions, such as Perseus, may represent good alternatives. After comparing dwarfs and clusters, we found that the former exhibit annihilation flux profiles that, at the center, are roughly one order of magnitude higher than those of clusters, although galaxy clusters can yield similar, or even higher, integrated fluxes for the whole object once substructure is taken into account. Even when any of these objects are strictly point-like according to the properties of their annihilation signals, we conclude that dwarf galaxies are best suited for observational strategies based on the search of point-like sources, while galaxy clusters represent best targets for analyses that can deal with rather extended emissions. Finally, we study the detection prospects for present and future IACTs in the framework of the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model. We find that the level of the annihilation flux from these targets is below the sensitivities of current IACTs and the future CTA.
Improving Extreme Low-Bit Quantization With Soft Threshold

Deep neural networks executing with low precision at inference time can gain acceleration and compression advantages over their high-precision counterparts, but need to overcome the challenge of accuracy degeneration as the bit-width decreases. This work focuses on under 4-bit quantization that has a significant accuracy degeneration. We start with ternarization, a balance between efficiency and accuracy that quantizes both weights and activations into ternary values. We find that the hard threshold <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> introduced in previous ternary networks for determining quantization intervals and the suboptimal solution of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> limit the performance of the ternary model. To alleviate it, we present Soft Threshold Ternary Networks (STTN), which enables the model to automatically determine ternarized values instead of depending on a hard threshold. Based on it, we further generalize the idea of soft threshold from ternarization to arbitrary bit-width, named Soft Threshold Quantized Networks (STQN). We observe that previous quantization relies on the rounding-to-nearest function, constraining the quantization solution space and leading to a significant accuracy degradation, especially in low-bit (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\leq3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-bits) quantization. Instead of relying on the traditional rounding-to-nearest function, STQN is able to determine quantization intervals by itself adaptively. Accuracy experiments on image classification, object detection and instance segmentation, as well as efficiency experiments on field-programmable gate array (FPGA) demonstrate that the proposed framework can achieve a prominent tradeoff between accuracy and efficiency. Code is available at: <uri>https://github.com/WeixiangXu/STTN</uri>.
Candidates for topological insulators: Pb-based chalcogenide series

Here, we theoretically predict that the series of Pb-based layered chalcogenides, Pb$_n$Bi$_2$Se$_{n+3}$ and Pb$_n$Sb$_2$Te$_{n+3}$, are possible new candidates for topological insulators. As $n$ increases, the phase transition from a topological insulator to a band insulator is found to occur between $n=2$ and 3 for both series. Significantly, among the new topological insulators, we found a bulk band gap of 0.40eV in PbBi$_2$Se$_4$ which is one of the largest gap topological insulators, and that Pb$_2$Sb$_2$Te$_5$ is located in the immediate vicinity of the topological phase boundary, making its topological phase easily tunable by changing external parameters such as lattice constants. Due to the three-dimensional Dirac cone at the phase boundary, massless Dirac fermions also may be easily accessible in Pb$_2$Sb$_2$Te$_5$.
Angular momentum transport through magnetic accretion curtains inside disrupted discs

The structure of accretion curtain flows, which form due to disc disruption by a strongly magnetic star, is considered. It is shown that a sub-Alfvenic, magnetically channelled flow is consistent with matching the magnetic field across the curtain base where it meets the disrupted inner region of the disc. The resulting angular velocity distribution in the curtain flow is calculated, together with the consequent angular momentum transfer rate to the star. It is shown that the transition of material from the diffusive disc flow to the channelled curtain flow results in some angular momentum being fed back into the disc. This is consistent with the total angular momentum balance, and can result in a significantly smaller accretion torque acting on the star than that given by the standard model which assumes no angular momentum feedback to the disc. The sonic point coordinates are found and a critical stellar rotation rate results below which the sonic point merges with the curtain flow base, due to a reduced centrifugal barrier to the flow. Hence, at these lower rotation rates, little thermal assistance is required for matter to make the transition to a supersonic accretion flow.
PROPERTIES AND KEPLERIAN ROTATION OF THE HOT CORE IRAS 20126+4104

We present Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations of the massive star-forming region IRAS 20126+4104 in the millimeter continuum and in several molecular line transitions. With the SMA data, we have detected nine molecular transitions, including deuterated hydrogen cyanide, CH3OH, H2CO, and HC3N molecules, and imaged each molecular line. From the 1.3 mm continuum emission a compact millimeter source is revealed, which is also associated with H2O, OH, and CH3OH masers. Using a rotation temperature diagram, we derive that the rotational temperature and the column density of CH3OH are 200 K and 3.7 × 1017 cm−2, respectively. The calculated results and analysis further indicate that a hot core coincides with IRAS 20126+4104. The position–velocity diagrams of H2CO (–) and HC3N (25–24) clearly present Keplerian rotation. Moreover, H2CO (–) is found to trace the disk rotation for the first time.