Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conceptual Design of Haptic-Feedback Navigation Device for Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease

Wayfinding ability in older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is progressively impaired due to ageing and deterioration of cognitive domains. Usually, the sense of direction is deteriorated as visuospatial and spatial cognition are associated with the sensory acuity. Therefore, navigation systems that support only visual interactions may not be appropriate in case of AD. This paper presents a concept of wearable navigation device that integrates the haptic-feedback technology to facilitate the wayfinding of individuals with AD. The system provides the simplest instructions; left/right using haptic signals, as to avoid users' distraction during navigation. The advantages of haptic/tactile modality for wayfinding purpose based on several significant studies are presented. As preliminary assessment, a survey is conducted to understand the potential of this design concept in terms of (1) acceptability, (2) practicality, (3) wearability, and (4) environmental settings. Results indicate that the concept is highly acceptable and commercially implementable. A working prototype will be developed based on the results of the preliminary assessment. Introducing a new method of navigation should be followed by continuous practices for familiarization purpose. Improved navigability allows the good performance of activities of daily living (ADLs) hence maintain the good quality of life in older adults with AD.
THE RIGID FORM OF HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE

Although the majority of cases of hereditary chorea correspond accurately to the classical pattern described by Huntington (1872), a number of atypical forms have been recorded in children and adults which are characterized by rigidity rather than by hyperkinesia. Most of these have been reported in the continental literature and we thought it was of interest to draw attention to two atypical juvenile cases occurring in an English family. From Reisner's (1944) review of these juvenile cases the fact emerges that although the majority present with typical choreiform movements, two atypical variants also occur: one in which the clinical picture is that of progressive extrapyramidal rigidity without involuntary movements, the other in which the disease starts as a hyperkinetic syndrome and gradually changes into a hypokinetic one with progressive rigidity. These two syndromes are commoner in the juvenile group, though occasional similar cases have been recorded in adults, in some instances affecting entire families, like that of Schob (1927), in which rigidity followed a preliminary stage of chorea, and that of Hallervorden (1957), in which rigidity was the predominant symptom throughout the course of the illness. Finally, there is the unusual case briefly recorded by Westphal (1905). This patient came from a family with seven other members affected by Huntington's chorea. Choreic movements in this patient developed late in the course of the disease, mental abnormality having been observed for 12 years, and Parkinsonian rigidity and intention tremor having been present for seven years before the onset of typical hyperkinesia. No post-mortem findings were described. Clinical accounts of these atypical variants, both juvenile and adult, are fairly numerous (see Hallervorden, 1957) but detailed pathological studies are rare. The classical description of juvenile cases which never exhibited choreiform movements is that of Spielmeyer (1920, 1926) who described two cases recorded clinically (as instances of Wilson's disease) by Kraepelin (1921) and shown by the genetic study of Entres (1925) to belong to a typical Huntington family. More recent contributions are those of Rotter (1932), Hempel (1938), and Lindenberg (1960). Bielschowsky (1922) gave a detailed account of the pathological findings in a patient who was choreic at the age of 6 years and from the age of 9 gradually developed Parkinsonian rigidity. Our own juvenile case is remarkable in
An evaluation of web accessibility metrics based on their attributes

Accessibility is a concept related to providing access to Web content to people with different abilities and people using different devices. A number of metrics have been proposed in the last years to help to obtain quantitative Web accessibility levels. Each Web development project has different aspects, and the choice of a given Web accessibility metric should be carefully considered according to the needs of the project. In this paper, we present a review on the main existing Web accessibility metrics, emphasizing the main features and comparing their correlations from experimental data obtained from large scale evaluations. Project managers and evaluators should consider specific features for each given project to effectively choose a proper metric. Needs to adjust customized coefficients or to adhere to automatic evaluation tools are important issues to be observed.
Illness Related Stress Interacts with Perception of the Self as Ill to Predict Depression in Psychosis

Drawing from the field of cognitive vulnerability to depression, we hypothesized that in persistent psychosis, perception of the self as ill interacts with illness-related stress to predict depressive symptoms. Fifty-five patients with dual diagnosis (i.e., psychosis and substance abuse disorder) participating in a community-based intervention were assessed as to their depressive symptoms, perception of the self as ill, and illness-related stress focusing on stigmatization and exposure to community violence. As expected, illness-related stress predicted depressive symptoms under high, but not low, levels of the experience of the self as ill. These effects were obtained when both hopelessness depression symptoms and “regular” depressive symptoms were examined. Findings encourage further application of the field of cognitive vulnerability to depression in psychosis research and treatment.
Comparison of the immune responses associated with experimental bovine mastitis caused by different strains of Escherichia coli

We studied the mammary immune response to different mammary pathogenic Escherichia coli (MPEC) strains in cows, hypothesising that the dynamics of response would differ. E. coli is a major aetiologic agent of acute clinical bovine mastitis of various degrees of severity with specific strains being associated with persistent infections. We compared challenge with three distinct pathogenic MPEC strains (VL2874, VL2732 and P4), isolated from different forms of mastitis (per-acute, persistent and acute, respectively). A secondary objective was to verify the lack of mammary pathogenicity of an environmental isolate (K71) that is used for comparison against MPEC in genomic and phenotypic studies. Twelve cows were challenged by intra-mammary infusion with one of the strains. Cellular and chemokine responses and bacterial culture follow-up were performed for 35 d. All cows challenged by any of the MPEC strains developed clinical mastitis. Differences were found in the intensity and duration of response, in somatic cell count, secreted cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17) and levels of milk leucocyte membrane Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). A sharp decrease of TLR4 on leucocytes was observed concomitantly to peak bacterial counts in milk. Intra-mammary infusion of strain K71 did not elicit inflammation and bacteria were not recovered from milk. Results suggest some differences in the mammary immune response to distinct MPEC strains that could be correlated to their previously observed pathogenic traits. This is also the first report of an E. coli strain that is non-pathogenic to the bovine mammary gland.
Aiming for Social or Political Robustness? Media Strategies Among Climate Scientists

This study examines climate scientists’ views on media science communication and their strategies for dealing with journalists and climate deniers. Drawing on scholarly calls for openness and public engagement, particularly the concept of “socially robust knowledge,” this article discusses how climate scientists weigh concerns of control, openness, and transparency when considering how to best communicate with the public through the mass media. The author argues that “socially robust knowledge” neglects the challenges of “medialization” of climate science and proposes that the climate scientists’ strategy can better be described as attempts to achieve “politically robust” communication.
Interactions between C ring proteins and export apparatus components: a possible mechanism for facilitating type III protein export

The flagellar switch proteins of Salmonella, FliG, FliM and FliN, participate in the switching of motor rotation, torque generation and flagellar assembly/export. FliN has been implicated in the flagellar export process. To address this possibility, we constructed 10‐amino‐acid scanning deletions and larger truncations over the C‐terminal domain of FliN. Except for the last deletion variant, all other variants were unable to complement a fliN null strain or to restore the export of flagellar proteins. Most of the deletions showed strong negative dominance effects on wild‐type cells. FliN was found to associate with FliH, a flagellar export component that regulates the ATPase activity of FliI. The binding of FliM to FliN does not interfere with this FliN–FliH interaction. Furthermore, a five‐protein complex consisting of FliG, His‐tagged FliM, FliN, FliH and FliI was purified by nickel‐affinity chromatography. FliJ, a putative general chaperone, is bound to FliM even in the absence of FliH. The importance of the C ring as a possible docking site for export substrates, chaperones and FliI through FliH for their efficient delivery to membrane components of the export apparatus is discussed.
Differential roles of two N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases, CSGalNAcT-1, and a novel enzyme, CSGalNAcT-2. Initiation and elongation in synthesis of chondroitin sulfate.

By a tblastn search with beta 1,4-galactosyltransferases as query sequences, we found an expressed sequence tag that showed similarity in beta 1,4-glycosyltransferase motifs. The full-length complementary DNA was obtained by a method of 5'-rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends. The predicted open reading frame encodes a typical type II membrane protein comprising 543 amino acids, the sequence of which was highly homologous to chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (CSGalNAcT-1), and we designated this novel enzyme CSGalNAcT-2. CSGalNAcT-2 showed much stronger N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity toward glucuronic acid of chondroitin poly- and oligosaccharides, and chondroitin sulfate poly- and oligosaccharides with a beta 1-4 linkage, i.e. elongation activity for chondroitin and chondroitin sulfate, but showed much weaker activity toward a tetrasaccharide of the glycosaminoglycan linkage structure (GlcA-Gal-Gal-Xyl-O-methoxyphenyl), i.e. initiation activity, than CSGalNAcT-1. Transfection of the CSGalNAcT-1 gene into Chinese hamster ovary cells yielded a change of glycosaminoglycan composition, i.e. the replacement of heparan sulfate on a syndecan-4/fibroblast growth factor-1 chimera protein by chondroitin sulfate, however, transfection of the CSGalNAcT-2 gene did not. The above results indicated that CSGalNAcT-1 is involved in the initiation of chondroitin sulfate synthesis, whereas CSGalNAcT-2 participates mainly in the elongation, not initiation. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that CSGalNAcT-2 transcripts were highly expressed in the small intestine, leukocytes, and spleen, however, both CSGalNAcTs were ubiquitously expressed in various tissues.
SUPPRESSION OF A LAC O° MUTATION IN ESCHERICHIA COLI

Schwartz, Norman M. (Yale University, New Haven, Conn.). Suppression of a lac o° mutation in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 88:996–1001. 1964. —A class of pro– markers which can be cotransduced with lac map close to the i side of the lac region. The relative order of markers transferred by Hfr H is thr leu proA proB lac proC ade. Nine of ten slowgrowing lactose-utilizing revertants of a lac o° mutant are suppressed mutants. The time of entry of su-lac o-5 from an Hfr H derivative is 27 min. Su-lac o-5 is separated from the lac region by a 10-min interval. Su-lac o-5 is unstable, restores 7% of the wild-type level of β-galactosidase activity, suppresses a try– mutation, and has a deleterious effect upon growth rate. The primary lac o° mutation is interpreted as being a z– polarity mutation which constitutes nonsense. Su-lac o-5 could act at the level of messenger ribonucleic acid translation converting nonsense to sense by promoting mistakes in protein synthesis.
Efficacy of in vivo 31Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Differentiation and Staging of Adult Human Brain Tumors

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in the differentiation and staging of brain tumors. Fifteen volunteers and 44 patients with brain tumors (14 meningiomas, 13 low- and 17 high-grade gliomas) were prospectively evaluated by 31P-MRS. The pH (r=0.493, p<0.001), [Mg+2] (r=0.850, p<0.001) PME/α-ATP (r=0.776, p<0.001), PDE/α-ATP (r=-0.569, p<0.001) and (PCr+β-ATP)/Pi ratios were well correlated with tumor differentiation. High-grade gliomas had significantly higher pH (r=0.912, p<0.001) and [Mg+2] (r=0.855, p<0.001) and PME/α-ATP (r=0.894, p<0.001) ratio, and lower PCr/α-ATP (r= −0.959, p<0.001), Pi/α-ATP (r= −0.788, p<0.001) and PDE/α-ATP ratios (r=−0.968, p<0.001) than those of low-grade gliomas. Changes in 31P-MRS parameters by the degree of malignancy are good indicators of increased anaerobic metabolism and hypoxia of tumoral tissue to compensate intratumoral energy deficiency. 31P-MRS parameters are very useful for grading and differentiation of brain tumors.
Manure and Microbes: Public and Animal Health Problem?

Abstract Most environmental concerns about waste management either have focused on the effects of nutrients, especially N and P, on water quality or have emphasized odor problems and air quality. Microbes from manure are often low on the priority list for control and remediation, despite the fact that several out-breaks of gastroenteritis have been traced to livestock operations. The pathogens discussed in this paper include protozoans (Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia spp.), bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis), and some enteric viruses. Clinical symptoms, prospects for zoonotic infection, and control methods other than the use of antimicrobials are considered. Recommendations to avoid disease transmission include taking steps to ensure the provision of clean, unstressful environments to reduce disease susceptibility and the careful handling and spreading of manure from animals at high risk for infection, especially young calves. Composting and drying of manure decrease the number of viable pathogens. Environmental controls, such as filter strips, also reduce the risk of water contamination.
Minority Language Rights Before and After the 2004 EU Enlargement: The Copenhagen Criteria in the Baltic States

This paper examines the effect of the recent European Union (EU) enlargement on minority language policies in the Baltic states, and in particular in Latvia and Estonia. I first look at the so-called Copenhagen political criteria conditioning EU accession and at the European Commission's monitoring system for assessing applicant countries' compliance with such criteria. Focusing on changing language policies in Latvia and Estonia in the post-Soviet era, I then investigate whether accession negotiations between these countries and the Commission have resulted in defining new thresholds of minority language protection both domestically and in the EU. If so, have such minority rights standards become an acquis communautaire and could they then be applied to ‘older’ member states in retrospect?
Emotional memory for words: Separating content and context

We developed a technique to examine the effects of emotional content and context on verbal memory. Two sets of sentences were devised: in the first, each sentence was emotionally arousing due to the inclusion of an emotional “target” word. In the second set, “targets” were replaced with well-matched neutral words. Subjects read aloud a selection of emotional and neutral sentences, and were then surprised with memory tasks after a range of time delays. Emotional target words were remembered significantly better than neutral words in all experiments. Recognition of emotional words was relatively stable despite increasing delays between encoding and recognition testing, in contrast to memory for neutral words, which decayed over time. Memory for neutral non-target words was enhanced when words had been presented in an emotional context. The results confirm the phenomenon of emotional enhancement of memory at short and long delays and suggest that emotional context may be encoded independently of word meaning.
Gender and Transference

GENDER In his pioneering work "Three essays on the theory of sexuality" (1905), Freud deals with the sexual development of the child and with the differ­ ences occurring between the sexes. He describes the famous psychosexual stages of development, which in the case of the oral and anal stages are quite similar in the two sexes. Differences begin to occur in the phallic­ oedipal phase and continue thenceforth. According to Freud, the basic differences at this time are the girl's age-specific feeling of inferiority due to her lack of visible genitalia, with the consequent penis envy, and the boy's phallic sense of superiority, combined, however, with a worry about being damaged, i.e., castration anxiety. After this stage, the sexes show divergent development, of which the oedipal triangle with its specific features is within the scope of the present paper. For later developments, particularly in the case of the girl, cf., e.g., Bernstein (1983), Kestenberg (1968) and Plaut & Hutchinson (1986).
Interaction design qualities: theory and practice

This paper reports the results of an action research project investigating the articulation of interaction design qualities for a web portal for urban planning and development. A framework for analyzing interaction design qualities is presented. The framework consists of the practical, the social, the aesthetic, the structural and the ethical quality dimensions, and it was tried out in practice with developers and designers of the portal. This provided experiences used to revise the framework. The results indicate that the framework can be improved by splitting the social quality dimension into a communicational dimension and an organizational dimension. The structural dimension is also renamed to the technical dimension.
Regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence by Distinct Iron Sources

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium and versatile opportunistic pathogen. Like most other organisms, P. aeruginosa requires iron for survival, yet iron rapidly reacts with oxygen and water to form stable ferric (FeIII) oxides and hydroxides, limiting its availability to living organisms. During infection, iron is also sequestered by the host innate immune system, further limiting its availability. P. aeruginosa’s capacity to cause disease in diverse host environments is due to its ability to scavenge iron from a variety of host iron sources. Work over the past two decades has further shown that different iron sources can affect the expression of distinct virulence traits. This review discusses how the individual components of P. aeruginosa’s iron regulatory network allow this opportunist to adapt to a multitude of host environments during infection.
A music similarity measure based on chord progression and song segmentation analysis

Music documents retrieval system in most websites are useful for users who want to search sheet music which consists of chords, notes, or lyrics in a printable sheet format. With the growth of music repositories, music classification based on musical similarity can help users to find the same kind of songs. One important aspect to define music similarity measure is chord progression. In this paper, we present an approach to extract chord progressions from song segmentation in chord sheet music documents. This approach uses signature files to encode chords information with preserved musical data. Then, we propose a novel model for chord sheet music similarity without beats information which composes of three computation levels: (1) chord similarity, (2) sequence similarity, and (3) music similarity. In addition, we improve efficiency by removing duplicated parts. For the evaluation, we set an experiment to compare our music similarity model with others. The results indicated that music similarity based on sequences of chords obtained higher precision than chord classification based on the frequencies of chords. Furthermore, our model can sustain effectiveness even if beats information are unknown. We found that segmentation of chord progression can be another important aspect of musical similarity.
The influence of dietary sodium on bone development in growing rats

The present study investigated the effects of dietary sodium on bone growth in young rats. Five-week-old rats were fed one of three different diets for 60 days: low sodium (NaCl, 0.32 g/kg diet), normal sodium (NaCl, 2.6 g/kg) and high sodium (NaCl, 20 g/kg). The proximal tibial metaphysis (PTM), the fifth lumbar vertebra (LV5) and the middle part of the tibia shaft (TX) were analysed by bone histomorphometry. The expression of three osteogenesis genes, Runx2, osteopontin and osteocalcin, was determined by RT-PCR in bone samples from the skull. In both the PTM and LV5, trabecular area and thickness were increased by the low-sodium diet, while the high-sodium diet decreased trabecular area in LV5. Dynamic data revealed that sodium restriction increased bone formation parameters in the PTM and LV5, but decreased bone resorption in LV5. In TX, endosteal bone formation was enhanced by the low-sodium diet and depressed by the high-sodium diet compared to the normal sodium group. But there were no statistically changes in the cortical bone area of TX. Low-sodium intake significantly enhanced the expression of all three osteogenesis genes compared to the normal sodium group, while high-sodium intake suppressed osteogenic gene expression. Our results suggest that sodium restriction in growing rats promotes bone development by influencing both bone formation and resorption.
“I Have Not a Want But a Hunger to Feel No Pain” Mexican Immigrant Women with Chronic Pain: Narratives and Psychotherapeutic Implications

We present a foundation for psychotherapy for Mexican immigrant women with chronic pain. We describe research on health care and the multiple identities that influence health behavior, including identity as Mexican, as immigrant, as Mexican woman, and as Christian. The importance of situating the pain narrative within the client’s life narrative is illustrated by interviews with five Mexican immigrant women with moderate to severe chronic pain. Emergent themes revealed the profound impact of culture and gendered imperatives: matriarch, worker, sufferer, stoic. Suggestions for psychotherapy are provided, guided by awareness of core value systems, socioeconomic impact on access to care, and experiences as immigrant.