Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Joint DOA and frequency estimation with sub-Nyquist sampling based on trilinear decomposition and SVD

In the previous work for joint Direction-Of-Arrival (DOA) and frequency estimation with sub-Nyquist sampling, algorithm JDFTD has a superior estimation performance. However, the computational burden increases with the snapshot for iterative operation. In this paper, singular value decomposition (SVD) is employed to eliminate the effect of snapshot and a new version of algorithm JDFTD based on SVD (SVD-JDFTD) is proposed. Numerical simulations verify that SVD-JDFTD reduces the computational burden without loss the superior estimation performance of JDFTD.
Inducing Genetic Variability in Pearl Millet Using Sodium Azide and Nitrous Acid

Background and Objective: Mutation has great possibilities which can be utilized in a breeding program. There is a growing interest in mutation breeding as reflected in the volume of work on the induction of mutations for genetic diversity. Field trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of Nitrous acid (HNO 2 ) and Sodium azide (NaN 3 ) on the yield of pearl millet varieties at different concentrations. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the mutagens and the optimal concentration that increases the agronomic traits in pearl millet. Materials and Methods: Treatments consisted of two varieties of pearl millet (ICMP1970085 and ICMP1970116). The NaN 3 and HNO 2 were used for this experiment. A Randomized Complete Block Design was used for the field layout and in three replications. The seeds of the two varieties of millet were divided into 2 sets. Results: The mutants treated with HNO 2 in most cases show improved yield than those treated with NaN 3 in ICMP1970116 while for ICMP1970085 the reverse is the case ICMP1970116 treated with a low concentration of NaN 3 (2 Mm) performed well in yield. The high concentration of NaN 3 produces earlier mutants while, those treated with 4 mM concentration performed better in Downey mildew incidence and panicle weight after harvest. The 2 mM of HNO 2 performed better in yield traits, while 3 mM of HNO 2 performed well in days to fifty percent flowering. Conclusion: Sodium azide at 2 mM while, HNO 2 at 3 mM appears to be the most effective treatment for inducing variability in the two pearl millet varieties.
Fundamentals of log analysis. Part 7: Determining shaliness from logs

Accurate log analysis must take into account how shaliness of rocks affects well logs. Porosity is calculated from neutron, density and acoustic logs, all of which are influenced by rock shaliness. Failure to properly take into account the impact of shaliness will result in errors in log-derived porosity. Water saturation, which is calculated from porosity and resistivity, is also affected by shaliness. Failure to correct for shaliness will therefore compound errors in water saturation calculations. These errors are further compounded in estimating calculated permeability. Shale indicators include the gamma ray log, SP log, neutron-density crossplot, neutron log, resistivity log, neutron-acoustic crossplot and acoustic-density crossplot. The approach for each shale indicator is similar. Some detail of the three most common shale indicators, the gamma ray log, SP log and neutron-density crossplot, will be discussed. The equations for calculating shaliness from logs can be found in the literature. Following is a brief discussion of the most common shale indicators and some examples of their use.
Europa's Perturbed Fields and Induced Dipole Affect Energetic Proton Depletions During Distant Alfvén Wing Flybys

We investigate the causes of energetic proton (80–540 keV) depletions measured during the two most distant flybys of Europa by Galileo, E17 and E25A, which encountered the Alfvén wings. First, by simulating the proton flux with a Monte Carlo particle tracing code we investigate the effect of: electromagnetic field perturbations, the induced dipole, atmospheric charge exchange and plumes. Inhomogeneous fields associated with the Alfvén wings and the ionosphere strongly affect the depletions. For homogeneous fields the depletion along the trajectory is focused on a narrow pitch angle range and has no structure, whereas the depletion for perturbed (inhomogeneous) fields represents a wider and complex structure. Furthermore, also the induced dipole alters the depletion structure. The effect of plumes (density 2.5 × 1015 m−3) and charge exchange on the proton depletion is minor. Second, we compare the simulations to the proton measurements. The simulations with inhomogeneous fields describe the data qualitatively better than the homogeneous case, suggesting that indeed field perturbations are responsible for the measured losses. We attribute discrepancies between the simulations and the proton measurements to discrepancies between the simulated and real fields. We argue that simulating the fields along the trajectory is a good first step, but that ideally the energetic ion flux is reconstructed well to gain confidence in the interpretation of the simulated magnetic field. In conclusion, energetic ion observations along distant flybys through the Alfvén wings are suitable for isolating the characteristics of the global configuration of the magnetospheric interaction region of Europa (or other moons).
Thin-Film Solar Energy Absorber Structure for Window Coatings for Self-Sufficient Futuristic Buildings

Energy-efficient buildings are a new demand in the current era. In this paper, we present a novel metamaterial design aimed at achieving efficient solar energy absorption through a periodic MMA structure composed of a W-GaAs-W. The proposed structure can be implemented as the window coating and in turn it can absorb the incident solar energy and, then, this energy can be used to fulfill the energy demand of the building. Our results reveal significant improvements, achieving an average absorptance of 96.94% in the spectral range. Furthermore, we explore the influence of the angle of incidence on the absorber’s response, demonstrating its angle-insensitive behavior with high absorption levels (above 90%) for incidence angles up to 60° for TE polarization and 40° for TM polarization. The proposed structure presents a significant advancement in metamaterial-based solar energy absorption. By exploring the effects of structural parameters and incident angles, we have demonstrated the optimized version of our proposed absorber. The potential applications of this metamaterial absorber in self-sufficient futuristic building technologies and self-sustaining systems offer new opportunities for harnessing solar energy and are a valuable contribution to future developments in the fields of metamaterials and renewable energy.
Full filling of mesoporous carbon nanotubes by aqueous solution at room temperature

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have the ideal structure to be used as templates for nanomaterials, especially for nanowires, and the tungsten nanowire is an important nanomaterial that is used as a strengthening phase. Therefore, we have proposed to apply mesoporous CNT (mCNT) as a template to prepare tungsten nanowires. However, the tungsten precursor should fill the hollow tube of mCNT firstly, and very few related studies have been reported. In this paper, we have systematically studied the filling process of ammonium metatungstate (AMT) aqueous solution. The results reveal that owing to the mesopores in the mCNT sidewall, the AMT can be encapsulated into the tube at room temperature (RT) and we can fully fill it without destroying the structure. In addition, vibration and solute concentration are also important factors. Besides, the mesoporous sidewall and hollow tubular core structure of mCNT are prerequisites to realize full filling. Furthermore, tungsten nanowires have been obtained after reduction of AMT in mCNTs.
Anterior cruciate ligament injury. The competitive athlete.

The competitive elite athlete who sustains an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture has few options for treatment. If they wish to continue to compete at the preinjury level, then the only viable option is to undergo an ACL reconstruction. Otherwise, the athlete is at a substantial risk with a ACL deficient knee of sustaining subsequent degenerative changes in the knee at a young age. The athlete's presentation following injury includes reporting of a contact or noncontact acceleration or deceleration twisting injury to the knee, a 'pop' or the sensation of the joint 'coming apart', haemarthrosis, a positive Lachman test, loss of extension, and a positive pivot shift test. A magnetic resonance image may be used as an adjunct in the diagnosis. Treatment of the patient with an acutely injured ACL rupture begins with the first report of injury and continues until the patient has regained full strength and range of motion. The timing of the surgery depends on both the patient's physical and mental recovery from the acute injury. There are various surgical techniques employed in the ACL reconstruction: repair through the patellar defect, arthroscopically assisted techniques, and the miniarthrotomy technique we use. These techniques all give both excellent and reproducible results. A major emphasis is now placed on the preoperative and postoperative rehabilitation with an ACL reconstruction. An accelerated and aggressive programme which relies on early return and maintenance of full hyperextension equal to the contralateral knee, early weight bearing, and closed kinetic chain exercises is recommended. The programme is divided into 3 phases with each phase having specific goals to be met before proceeding to the next phase. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collaborative optimization of thermal budget annealing and active layer defect content enhancing electrical characteristics and bias stress stability in InGaZnO thin-film transistors

The impact of thermal treatment temperature on the density of oxygen-related defects in the lattice of amorphous InGaZnO is investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results state that the oxygen-deficient defects are remarkably reduced and the quality of a-IGZO film is effectively improved after annealing under the appropriate temperature of 350 °C. With the help of synergistic effect of proper treatment temperature and high quality IGZO layer, the IGZO thin-film transistor exhibits outstanding electrical properties, including a field effect mobility of 8.70 cm2 V−1 s−1, a threshold voltage of 1.81 V, a subthreshold swing of 307 mV/dec., and a small hysteresis of 0.32 V. Moreover, the transmission line model clarifies that the suitable heating temperature is beneficial to alleviate the source/drain contact resistance as well as the effective channel length loss. More notably, the positive bias stress stability of a-IGZO TFTs is simultaneously improved.
Comparative pharmacokinetics and safety evaluation of high dosage regimens of Andrographis paniculata aqueous extract after single and multiple oral administration in healthy participants

Background: The prolonged situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2, not only imposes a financial burden on healthcare supports but also contributes to the issue of medication shortages, particularly in countries with limited access to medical resources or developing countries. To provide an alternative therapeutic approach during this crisis, there is an increasing research that has investigated the potential uses of Andrographis paniculata in supporting the application of herbal medicine for COVID-19. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the safety profiles and clinical pharmacokinetics, specifically focusing on dose proportionality of the four major active diterpenoids of Andrographis paniculata aqueous extract following oral administration of two different high doses of andrographolide. Methods: The participants received the aqueous extract capsules equivalent to 60 or 120 mg of andrographolide; and as multiple doses administered three times daily, calculated as 180 or 360 mg/day of andrographolide. Safety evaluation was assessed following the oral administration of the multiple doses. Results: The results indicated a dose-dependent effect observed between the respective two doses. A twofold increase in the dose of the extract demonstrated twofold higher plasma concentrations of the four major parent compounds; 1) andrographolide, 2) 14-deoxy-11, 12-didehydroandrographolide, 3) neoandrographolide, and 4) 14-deoxyandrographolide, as well as their conjugated metabolites. The observed diterpenoids are biotransformed partly through a phase II metabolic pathway of conjugation, thus reducing in the parent compounds in the plasma and existing the majority as conjugated metabolites. These metabolites are then excreted through the hepatobiliary system and urinary elimination. For the results of the safety evaluation, the occasional adverse events experienced by individuals were of mild intensity, infrequent in occurrence, and reversible to the normal baseline. Safety consideration should be given to the individual patient’s pertinent health conditions when using this extract in patients with hepatic or kidney dysfunction. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.thaiclinicaltrials. org/show/TCTR20210201005; Identifier: TCTR20210201005.
Perceptions of the motivational climate, basic psychological needs, and life skills development in Chinese physical education students

Introduction Life skills can have a positive impact on young people’s mental health, academic performance, and overall well-being. Physical education (PE) is viewed as a promising setting for developing students’ life skills, but less is known about this in non-English speaking countries such as China. Based on the integration of Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Achievement Goal Theory (AGT), we aimed to examine the relationships between students’ perceptions of the teacher-initiated motivational climate (mastery- or performance-oriented) and their life skills development in PE, as well as the mediating role of their basic psychological needs (BPNs) (satisfaction or frustration). Methods We employed a cross-sectional survey. Chinese students (N = 533, Age range = 13–18 years) completed measures assessing these variables. We fulfilled correlational and mediational analyses. Results These findings showed that mastery climate was positively associated with needs satisfaction (r = 0.66) and eight life skills (r range = 0.44–0.61), whereas negatively associated with needs frustration (r = −0.49). Performance climate was positively related to needs frustration (r = 0.52), but negatively related to needs satisfaction (r = −0.38) and eight life skills (r range = −0.28 – −0.15). Needs satisfaction was positively (r range = 0.44–0.65), while needs frustration was negatively (r range = −0.50 – −0.34) linked with eight life skills. Furthermore, needs satisfaction positively mediated the effect of mastery climate on life skills development, but it is not found that needs frustration mediated the effect of performance climate on life skills besides goal setting, social skills, and time management. Conclusion In conclusion, our study extended the previous literature on life skills in PE, and highlighted the roles of motivational climate and BPNs on students’ life skills development. In practice, PE teachers should be encouraged to create a mastery climate as well as avoid a performance climate, to foster students’ BPNs satisfaction, which in turn, promote their life skills development.
Anthropogenic and landscape factors control stream nitrogen transformations at multiple spatial scales

by Clay P. Arango Anthropogenic alterations to the global nitrogen (N) cycle have doubled reactive N flux into the biosphere and altered aquatic ecosystem function. Streams modify N loads carried to coastal ecosystems by converting N to organic forms or removing it as gaseous N. Understanding how streams transform N can offer insight to ecologists and land managers about how stream ecosystems function under elevated N loads. I researched how anthropogenic and landscape factors affect N transformations by studying streams in two distinct biomes and at multiple spatial scales. At the landscape scale, I studied N concentrations in streams draining the Teton Range (Wyoming, USA), a sub-alpine and alpine ecosystem with variable lithology. Streams draining crystalline geology had higher N compared to streams draining carbonate geology, which had more vegetation, suggesting that lithology mediated patterns in vegetation and terrestrial N retention. At the reach scale, I studied how land use influenced N uptake and transformation in Midwestern streams (Michigan, USA) and found that dissimilatory N transformation rates (i.e., nitrification and denitrification)
Constructing the Future of Social Work Tech Habits of Mind With the Ethical OS

Technological innovation has long been seen as a hallmark of progress in the modern world. While these advances may facilitate advantages to individual and social well-being, they have the potential for creating new areas of risk and expanding on those that already exist. In addition, a global pandemic has reshaped how we interact with one another, as more people connect online. Social work’s ongoing relationship with technology necessitates that we evaluate and re-envision how tech ethics create, shape, and transform social work practice. This paper has three goals. First, we argue that technologies have long been a hidden driver of social work practice and provide an initial mapping of their current influence. Second, we introduce the Ethical OS as a tool for conceptualizing ethical issues that may arise in social work practice, education, and policy. We ask if this tool could promote seeing around corners regarding how developing technologies might be advantageous or disadvantageous for reference or consumer groups. For example, how do they reify historical injustices such as structural racism and how do they offer remediation? Third, we discuss the importance of building coherent, social work tech habits of mind, in practice now and for the future
PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH DENGAN TEKNIK LANDFILL DI TPA SARIMUKTI YANG MERUSAK LINGKUNGAN SUNGAI WALUNGAN CIPICUNG DESA SARIMUKTI

The explosion of the Leuwigajah Landfill in 2005 caused the transfer of the landfill to Sarimukti, a resident of the village Sarimukti was forced to give up his profession, which was originally a farmer and a trader, now they become scavengers. Because more promising income can also be done at any time. Although there are those who earn a little depending on the hours and results of garbage. The author wants to reveal about management Sarimukti Landfill waste which is increasingly in the media and public attention. It also reveals many facts and data related to management as well as the inhibiting factors for the disposal process at the Sarimukti Landfill. The processing technique used by Sarimukti Landfill still uses landfill techniques, namely dumping and stockpiling. Because the garbage overload at the Sarimukti landfill has disrupted the environment, one of which is the Walungan Cipicung River. Wastewater from garbage makes the river unusable for the residents of Sarimukti Village.
1-Bit Reconfigurable Beam Steering Planar Array Antenna Based on Reflectarray Feeding

In this paper, we present a method for reducing the quantization lobe in a 1-bit beam steering planar array antenna. The method is inspired by reflectarray feeding in such a way that as we move away from the center of the array, the phase becomes more negative. This type of element phasing disturbs the periodicity of the quantization phase error and therefore suppresses the quantization lobe. Each 1-bit antenna element has two phase states (0 and 180°) that are provided through two symmetrical feeding points and are controlled with two PIN diodes. The planar array is fed by a series microstrip line network. One prototype of the proposed planar array with $8\times 8$ elements was fabricated and tested at 3.4 GHz, which showed a measured scan range between −45° and +45° with a maximum quantization lobe level of −9 dB and a gain variation of 1.5 dB. The proposed 1-bit beam scanning antenna has a much simpler feeding network than other planar array antennas. The overall thickness of the proposed array antenna is only $0.045\lambda _{\text {o}}$ , which has a much lower profile than 1-bit reconfigurable reflectarray and transmitarray antennas with the same specifications. This proposed antenna is a usable and suitable candidate for wireless communication applications.
First-Principles Investigation of Size Effects on Cohesive Energies of Transition-Metal Nanoclusters

The cohesive energy of transition-metal nanoparticles is crucial to understanding their stability and fundamental properties, which are essential for developing new technologies and applications in fields such as catalysis, electronics, energy storage, and biomedical engineering. In this study, we systematically investigate the size-dependent cohesive energies of all the 3d, 4d, and 5d transition-metal nanoclusters (small nanoparticles) based on a plane-wave-based method within general gradient approximation using first-principles density functional theory calculations. Our results show that the cohesive energies of nanoclusters decrease with decreasing size due to the increased surface-to-volume ratio and quantum confinement effects. A comparison of nanoclusters with different geometries reveals that the cohesive energy decreases as the number of nanocluster layers decreases. Notably, monolayer nanoclusters exhibit the lowest cohesive energies. We also find that the size-dependent cohesive energy trends are different for different transition metals, with some metals exhibiting stronger size effects than others. Our findings provide insights into the fundamental properties of transition-metal nanoclusters and have potential implications for their applications in various fields, such as catalysis, electronics, and biomedical engineering.
Reduction of the statistical error in electromagnetic gyrokinetic particle-in-cell simulations

The $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}f$ -PIC method is widely used for electrostatic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. Its basic idea is the ansatz $f=f_{0}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}f$ ( $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}f$ -ansatz) where the particle distribution function $f$ is split into a usually time-independent background $f_{0}$ and a time-dependent perturbation $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}f$ . In principle, it can also be used for electromagnetic gyrokinetic PIC simulations, but the required number of markers can be so large that PIC simulations become impractical. The reason is a decreasing efficiency of the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}f$ -ansatz for the so-called ‘Hamiltonian formulation’ using $p_{\Vert }$ as a dynamic variable. As a result, the density and current moment of the distribution function develop large statistical errors. To overcome this obstacle we propose to solve the potential equations in the symplectic formulation using $v_{\Vert }$ as a dynamic variable. The distribution function itself is still evolved in the Hamiltonian formulation which is better suited for the numerical integration of the parallel dynamics. The contributions from the full Jacobian of phase space, a finite velocity sphere of the simulation domain and a shifted Maxwellian as a background are considered. Special care has been taken at the discretisation level to make damped magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) mode simulations within a realistic gyrokinetic model feasible. This includes devices like e.g. large tokamaks with a small aspect ratio.