Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Handling Tree-Structured Values in RapidMiner

Attribute value types play an important role in mostly every datamining task. Most learners, for instance, are restricted to particular value types. The usage of such learners is just possible after special forms of preprocessing. RapidMiner most commonly distinguishes between nominal and numerical values which are well-known to every RapidMineruser. Although, covering a great fraction of attribute types being present in nowadays datamining tasks, nominal and numerical attribute values are not sufficient for every type of feature. In this work we are focusing on attribute values containing a tree-structure. We are presenting the handling and especially the possibilities to use tree-structured data for modelling. Additionally, we are introducing particular tasks which are offering tree-structured data and might benefit from using those structures for modelling. All methods presented in this paper are contained in the Information Extraction Plugin for RapidMiner.
The Development of Body Self-Awareness

Abstract Two experiments examined toddlers’ performance on a new task designed to examine the development of body self-awareness. The new task was conceived from observations by Piaget (1953/1977) and theoretical work from Povinelli and Cant (1995) and involved a toy shopping cart to the back of which a small mat had been attached. Children were asked to push the cart to their mothers but in attempting to do so they had to step on the mat and in consequence, their body weight prevented the cart from moving. In the first experiment, performance on the shopping cart task was examined in children of 16 and 21 months both when the self was the obstacle and when a heavy weight was the obstacle. Results showed significant improvement with age in performance for the self-version of the task that was not matched by similar age differences in the weight task. In the second experiment, children's performance on both the self-version of the shopping cart and on a standard mirror self-recognition task was assessed. R.
Short Term Earthquake Prediction in Hindukush Region Using Tree Based Ensemble Learning

Earthquake prediction has been long considered as impossible phenomenon but recent research studies show some progress in this field by considering it as a data mining problem. There are numerous challenges in earthquake prediction, which includes highly non-linear behavior of seismic activity and non-availability of reliable seismic precursors. This work focuses on earthquake prediction in Hindukush region by employing mathematically computed seismic features and using these features to model earthquake occurrences through employing machine learning techniques. The study aims to consider earthquake prediction as a binary classification problem. The short term earthquake prediction is performed using tree based ensemble classifiers, where rotation forest has shown good prediction results, compared to random forest and rotboost.
Ferromagnetic target detection and localization with a wireless sensor network

This work attempts to address challenges of using magnetic sensors for target detection, localization and tracking with a wireless sensor network (WSN). A WSN comprised of magnetic sensors was constructed to investigate the modeling, detection, and localization of ferrous targets. The system was established as a centralized tree-based wireless network with a PC acting as the fusion center. A heavy cylindrical iron bar was used as a test target and modeled as a magnetic dipole. The magnetic signal models used are experimentally validated and the problem of variation in magnetic sensor sensitivity is addressed by including sensitivity estimates in the validation process. Maximum likelihood and least-squares techniques were applied to detect and localize the test target. Experimental results demonstrating performance are presented and practical considerations of utilizing magnetic sensors in a WSN addressed.
Bartter’s and Gitelman’s Syndromes: From Gene to Clinic

Bartter’s and Gitelman’s syndromes are characterized by hypokalemia, normal to low blood pressure and hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. Recently, investigators have been able to demonstrate mutations of six genes encoding several renal tubular transporters and ion channels that can be held responsible for Bartter’s and Gitelman’s syndromes. Neonatal Bartter’s syndrome is caused by mutations of NKCC2 or ROMK, classic Bartter’s syndrome by mutations of ClC-Kb, Bartter’s syndrome associated with sensorineural deafness is due to mutations of BSND, Gitelman’s syndrome to mutations of NCCT and Bartter’s syndrome associated with autosomal dominant hypocalcemia is linked to mutations of CASR. We review the pathophysiology of these syndromes in relation to their clinical presentation.
Advances in Brief p 14 ARF Silencing by Promoter Hypermethylation Mediates Abnormal Intracellular Localization of MDM 21

The INK4a/ARF locus encodes two distinct tumor suppressors, p16 and p14. Although the contribution of p16 to human tumorigenesis through point mutation, deletion, and hypermethylation has been widely documented, little is known about specificp14 lesions and their consequences. Recent data indicate that p14 suffers inactivation by promoter hypermethylation in colorectal cancer cells. Because it is known that p14 prevents MDM2 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and thus stabilizes p53 by attenuating MDM2-mediated degradation, we studied the relationship of p14 epigenetic silencing to the expression and localization of MDM2 and p53. Cancer cell lines with an unmethylatedp14 promoter showed strong nuclear expression of MDM2, whereas in a colorectal cell line with p14 hypermethylation-associated inactivation, MDM2 protein was also seen in the cytosol. Treatment with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2*-deoxycytidine was able to reinternalize MDM2 to the nucleus, and p53 expression was restored. No apparent changes in retinoblastoma localization were observed. We also studied the profile of p14 promoter hypermethylation in an extensive collection of 559 human primary tumors of different cell types, observing that in colorectal, gastric, renal, esophageal, and endometrial neoplasms and gliomas, aberrant methylation of p14 was a relatively common epigenetic event. MDM2 expression patterns revealed that lack ofp14 promoter hypermethylation was associated with tumors showing exclusive nuclear MDM2 staining, whereas MDM2 cytosolic staining was frequently observed in neoplasms with aberrantp14 methylation. Taken together, these data support that epigenetic silencing ofp14 by promoter hypermethylation is a key mechanism in the disturbance of the MDM2 nuclear localization in human cancer.
Business Plan Conception Pattern Language

This paper provides generic guidelines for starting entrepre- neurs. First, the basic features of a good business plan are addressed in a pattern language for creating an innovative business plan. Second, soft skills for starting entrepreneurs are discussed in a pattern language for interactions with ‘outside’ people, as these interactions are crucial for a validation and realization of a business idea. Together, these two pattern languages create a pattern language for business plan conception. This pattern language for business plan conception should provide a stable conceptual basis that supports starting entrepreneurs in adapting the business plan templates they find to the needs of their business idea instead of adapting their business idea to the templates they find, which should support a successful penetration of new ideas and entrepreneurs into an innovation requiring market.
Study on Feature Subspace of Archetypal Emotions for Speech Emotion Recognition

Feature subspace selection is an important part in speech emotion recognition. Most of the studies are devoted to finding a feature subspace for representing all emotions. However, some studies have indicated that the features associated with different emotions are not exactly the same. Hence, traditional methods may fail to distinguish some of the emotions with just one global feature subspace. In this work, we propose a new divide and conquer idea to solve the problem. First, the feature subspaces are constructed for all the combinations of every two different emotions (emotion-pair). Bi-classifiers are then trained on these feature subspaces respectively. The final emotion recognition result is derived by the voting and competition method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can get better results than the traditional multi-classification method.
Active disassembly of the first complement component, C-1, by C-1 inactivator.

In order to clarify its mechanism of disassembly, the first component of human complement, C1, was reconstituted from C1q, 125I-C1r, and 131I-C1s. This radiolabeled C1 bound tightly to aggregated IgG covalently linked to Sepharose 4B. The subsequent addition of C1̄ inactivator (C1̄-In) led to the rapid release of equimolar quantitites of 125I-C1r̅ and 131I-C1s̅ from the agg IgG. SDS-PAGE analyses of such eluates showed that one C1̄-In molecule was associated with each C1r̅ polypeptide chain and another C1̄-In molecule was bound to each C1s̅ polypeptide chain. The released C1r̅, C1s̅, and C1̄-In co-sedimented in sucrose density gradients with a rate of 9S and monospecific anti-C1s̅ pelleted all three proteins. Therefore, C1r̅, C1s̅, and C1̄-In, in a molar ratio of 1:1:2, respectively, are released from C1̄ as a complex. An analogous 9S complex containing C1r̅, C1s̅, and C1̄-In was generated in normal human serum after incubation with activators of the classical complement pathway. The C1r̅C1s̅(C1̄-In) complexes generated in both serum and the purified system were stable in the presence of EDTA. A diffusion coefficient of 2.3 × 10-7 cm2/sec was determined for the C1r̅C1s̅(C1̄-In) complex from its behavior on gel filtration. An m.w. of 330,000 was then calculated from its sedimentation and diffusion coefficients. This m.w. is consistent with the value of 382,000 for a molecule of composition C1r̅C1s̅(C1̄-In)2 obtained by summing the weights of the subunits. These results indicate that C1-In efficiently disassembles C1̄, thereby releasing two C1r̅C1s̅(C1̄-In)2 complexes per C1̄ molecule.
EU's Fight Against Terrorist Finances: Internal Shortcomings and Unsuitable External Models

This article offers an analysis of the European Union's (EU) efforts in the fight against terrorist finances. Following the 9/11 attacks, the EU has adopted the relevant United Nations counterterrorism resolutions as well as the special recommendations of Financial Action Task Force. In addition, the EU has developed its own measures spanning across all of its three pillars. There is, however, a cause for concern that some of these measures have not been properly implemented, while others have been criticized on legal, transparency, legitimacy, and efficiency grounds. These shortcomings are not only due to EU's own internal obstacles, but also result from the EU's uncritical adoption of the prevailing smart sanctions and money-laundering regimes, which are based on a number of unwarranted assumptions that do not reflect the nature of contemporary terrorist threats in Europe.
Perceptions of Race Relations in Contexts of Ethnic Diversity and Change

Examining public opinion data from a 2007 survey of Los Angeles, the authors consider racial and ethnic variation in perceptions of race relations across neighborhoods in various contexts of demographic composition and change. Using several measures of ethnic diversity, the authors examine whether racial attitudes differ depending on the demographic mix at the census tract level, and if the relative importance of ethnicity and other individual characteristics varies depending on the proportion, ratio, or diversity of ethnic groups within tracts. Only among African Americans do they find a consistent impact of racial/ethnic identity on perception of race relations, although such attitudes do not vary within various measures of neighborhood diversity. The results suggest limitations to the assumed significance—either positive or negative—of neighborhood diversity on individuals of various races and ethnicities.
Mexican Migration and the Social Space of Postmodernism

In a hidden sweatshop in downtown Los Angeles, Asian and Latino migrants produce automobile parts for a factory in Detroit. As the parts leave the production line, they are stamped “Made in Brazil. ” In a small village in the heart of Mexico, a young woman at her father’s wake wears a black T-shirt sent to her by a brother in the United States. The shirt bears a legend that some of the mourners understand but she does not. It reads, “Let’s Have Fun Tonight! ” And on the Tijuana-San Diego border, Guillermo Gómez-Peña, a writer originally from Mexico City, reflects on the time he has spent in what he calls “the gap between two worlds”: “Today, eight years after my departure, when they ask me for my nationality or ethnic identity, I cannot answer with a single word, for my ‘identity’ now possesses multiple repertoires: I am Mexican but I am also Chicano and Latin American. On the border they call me ‘chilango’ or ‘mexiquillo’; in the capital, ‘pocho’ or ‘norteno,’ and in Spain ‘sudaca. ’… My companion Emily is Anglo-Italian but she speaks Spanish with an Argentinian accent. Together we wander through the ruined Babel that is our American postmodemity. ”
ATR protects the genome against CGG·CCG-repeat expansion in Fragile X premutation mice

Fragile X mental retardation syndrome is a repeat expansion disease caused by expansion of a CGG·CCG-repeat tract in the 5′ UTR of the FMR1 gene. In humans, small expansions occur more frequently on paternal transmission while large expansions are exclusively maternal in origin. It has been suggested that expansion is the result of aberrant DNA replication, repair or recombination. To distinguish amongst these possibilities we crossed mice containing 120 CGG·CCG-repeats in the 5′ UTR of the mouse Fmr1 gene to mice with mutations in ATR, a protein important in the cellular response to stalled replication forks and bulky DNA lesions. We show here that ATR heterozygosity results in increased expansion rates of maternally, but not paternally, transmitted alleles. In addition, age-related somatic expansions occurred in mice of both genders that were not seen in ATR wild-type animals. Some ATR-sensitive expansion occurs in postmitotic cells including haploid gametes suggesting that aberrant DNA repair is responsible. Our data suggest that two mechanisms of repeat expansion exist that may explain the small and large expansions seen in humans. In addition, our data provide an explanation for the maternal bias of large expansions in humans and the lower incidence of these expansions in mice.
Association study of the NEDD 9 gene with the risk of developing Alzheimer ’ s and Parkinson ’ s disease

Inserm, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille 2, Lille, France, Inserm, U708, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France, Eskitis Institue for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia, EA2391, Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France, Inserm, U614, Faculty of Medicine, IFRMP, Rouen, France and Molecular Psychiatry Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
Substance misuse and its risk perception in European teenagers

This paper aims to reveal the relations of risk behavior and its contextual factors, including the perception of risks that substance use may bring. Statistical analysis is based on the data from the European School Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) [2007. The 2007 ESPAD Report. Stockholm: The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs]. It uses individual data for the 71,287 European students and identifies key behavioral patterns typical for the perception of the risk behavior among European students and the real prevalence of this risk behavior. This study provides support for understanding of adolescent substance use through the analysis of teenagers' behavior and perception applying also a new method of sociomapping. Sociomapping enables to document the scientific facts by an easy, demonstrative manner, which is comprehensible for the students of elementary schools, where the prevention of health risk behavior is essential. The conclusion of the paper draws implications for the preventive practice.
Hematopoietic growth factors and their receptors in acute leukemia.

LOOD CELLS are derived from small numbers of selfB renewing pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells that reside in the bone marrow and generate progenitor cells committed to proceed along one of the maturation pathways. Because the life span of blood cells is limited, the production rate of blood cells in the marrow is high, even during steadystate conditions. The marrow system has the ability to adapt to sudden changes in the needs of different cell compartments by elevating the production rate of blood cells of specific cell lineages. To satisfy these variable needs, a tight control of the processes of cell renewal, commitment, maturation, and survival for each of the differentiation stages within each blood cell lineage is required. The hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) play a critical role in regulating these processes. Acute leukemia is characterized by an arrest of maturation and the accumulation of undifferentiated cells in marrow, blood, and other tissues. Similar to normal hematopoiesis, the majority of leukemic cells descend from a relatively small pool of progenitor cells with high proliferative activity. In vitro culture methods used as tools to analyze human leukemia progenitor cells have in recent years been considerably improved as the result of the availability of the recombinant HGFs. We review here current knowledge about the growth properties of acute leukemia progenitor cells derived from the application of in vitro assays. We discuss the significance of these findings in view of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
Teaching qualitative research methods: Some innovations and reflections on practice

This paper considers some of the problems inherent in teaching qualitative research methods within psychology. It stresses the use of a reflective approach to course design that aims to ‘emancipate’ students in their own study and research, as well as equipping them with a combination of practical and theoretical skills. In addition to a brief description of the course, I describe some innovations in tackling the topic that try to optimise participation and active learning. Philosophical and political aspects to the subject are discussed as particularly thorny issues. Several approaches to evaluation are described that serve both to increase participation and help the teacher respond to issues of level and content. Some of the implications discussed for future teaching include revisions to the coverage of discourse analysis and the role of political values in psychological research.
Design and Control of a Flapping Flight Micro Aerial Vehicle

Miniature flapping flight systems hold great promise in matching the agility of their natural counterparts, bees, flies, and hummingbirds. Characterized by reciprocating wing motion, unsteady aerodynamics, and the ability to hover, insect-like flapping flight presents an interesting locomotion strategy capable of functioning at small size scales and is still a current focus of research. A vehicle with the capabilities of a fly would have potential use as miniature nodes in sensor networks, near invisible surveillance platforms, and mobile vehicles in search and rescue. Designing and constructing such systems, however, is difficult. Beyond the limits of battery capacity and the difficulties of miniature sensor design, simply producing enough lift for liftoff is a challenge. A balance must be maintained between mechanical complexity, controllability, and weight. While more actuators generally lead to more controllable degrees of freedom, they also contribute significantly to system mass. In this proposal I outline a plan to develop a controllable flapping flight micro aerial vehicle robust to real world conditions and examine platform underactuation, controller development, and both active and passive stability. Due to the desire to reduce weight and the number of actuators, system design is based on passive wing rotation. Current work includes the development of a controllable modular flapping flight system with two piezoelectric actuators. A large and small scale prototype is designed and constructed, with the smaller system having a lift-to-weight ratio of ∼3/8. A PID controller and robust nonlinear controller are developed and tested on restricted degree of freedom rigs, the first such experimental control on a flapping wing vehicle. A lightweight actuator based on shape memory polymer is developed an alternative controlling actuator for the system. Similar to the indirect flight and steering muscles of the fly, composite polymide film and shape memory polymer flexural hinges are shown to allow control of lift without change in signal to the main driving actuator. Active flexures in both the transmission and at the wing rotational joint are explored.
Does education protect against cognitive impairment? A comparison of the elderly in two australian cities

Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Mini‐Mental State Examination in commuity surveys of the elderly in Canberra and Hobart. Mean scores on the Mini‐Mental were higher in Canberra than in Hobart and the prevalence of cognitive impairment was lower. This difference was found to be attributable to the higher level of education in the Canberra elderly. When education was statistically controlled, the difference between the cities disappeared. These findings may have implications for future cohorts of the elderly, which will have a higher level of education than the present‐day elderly. It is argued that the prevalence of congnitive impairment could drop in the future.
How to Deal with Third Party Apps in a Privacy System -- The PMP Gatekeeper --

Nowadays, mobile devices collect a lot of private information. Therefore every vendor of a mobile platform has to provide a sufficient mechanism to secure this data. Android pursues a strategy to pass full control (and thus full responsibility) over any private data to the user. However, the Android Permission System is not sufficient for that purpose. Various third party approaches try to enhance the Android privacy policy model. Nevertheless, these approaches have to solve the problem of how to deal with Legacy Apps, i.e., Apps that do not collaborate with an enhanced privacy policy model. In this paper, we analyze various alternative privacy systems and discuss different approaches of how to deal with Legacy Apps. Based on our findings, we introduce the so-called PMP Gatekeeper, a best of breed approach dealing with Legacy Apps for the Privacy Management Platform (PMP). The PMP Gatekeeper classifies apps and deals with each class appropriately. So the user can adjust privacy settings for every kind of app. With our prototype we show, that the PMP in combination with the PMP Gatekeeper becomes a holistic privacy system. Although our prototype is for Android, our realization approach can be applied to other application platforms in order to offer a satisfying privacy system.