Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The archaeal TFIIEα homologue facilitates transcription initiation by enhancing TATA‐box recognition

Transcription from many archaeal promoters can be reconstituted in vitro using recombinant TATA‐box binding protein (TBP) and transcription factor B (TFB)—homologues of eukaryal TBP and TFIIB—together with purified RNA polymerase (RNAP). However, all archaeal genomes sequenced to date reveal the presence of TFE, a homologue of the α‐subunit of the eukaryal general transcription factor, TFIIE. We show that, while TFE is not absolutely required for transcription in the reconstituted in vitro system, it nonetheless plays a stimulatory role on some promoters and under certain conditions. Mutagenesis of the TATA box or reduction of TBP concentration in transcription reactions sensitizes a promoter to TFE addition. Conversely, saturating reactions with TBP de‐sensitizes promoters to TFE. These results suggest that TFE facilitates or stabilizes interactions between TBP and the TATA box.
Fast query expansion using approximations of relevance models

Pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF) improves search quality by expanding the query using terms from high-ranking documents from an initial retrieval. Although PRF can often result in large gains in effectiveness, running two queries is time consuming, limiting its applicability. We describe a PRF method that uses corpus pre-processing to achieve query-time speeds that are near those of the original queries. Specifically, Relevance Modeling, a language modeling based PRF method, can be recast to benefit substantially from finding pairwise document relationships in advance. Using the resulting Fast Relevance Model (fastRM), we substantially reduce the online retrieval time and still benefit from expansion. We further explore methods for reducing the preprocessing time and storage requirements of the approach, allowing us to achieve up to a 10% increase in MAP over unexpanded retrieval,vwhile only requiring 1% of the time of standard expansion.
Beyond the Nuclear Family: A Statistical Portrait of the Changing Family in Sweden.

Drawing on the latest available statistical data including data from Swedish language sources the author portrays the changing structure of the Swedish family and argues that the family in Sweden has moved farther from the ideal-typical nuclear form of the last few generations than has the family in any other industrial society. The study focuses on various measures of family structure including Swedens low marriage rate high rates of nonmarital cohabitation and family dissolution small household size and extensive movement of women into the labor force. (EXCERPT)
Revisiting transitional metaphors: reproducing social inequalities under the conditions of late modernity

This paper focuses on some of the conceptual implications of changes in youth transitions over the last 40 years. I argue that changes have often been exaggerated with researchers too enthusiastic to jump on theoretical bandwagons without due regard for empirical evidence. While I suggest that there are important changes that impact on the ways in which social classes are reproduced, involving a perception of increased opportunity and greater scope for individual agency, a degree of class‐based convergence and illusions regarding the disappearance of class, I will argue that the new mechanisms lead to the re‐establishment of very familiar patterns of socio‐economic inequality which can largely be understood by employing established theoretical ideas. While biographical approaches are regarded as useful, the continued use of social class is defended.
Mouse models of global airway allergy: what have we learned and what should we do next?

Recent epidemiological and clinical data indicate that allergic rhinitis and asthma coexist and should be considered as one airway allergy syndrome. In spite of the importance of this new concept of global airway allergy, it has not fundamentally changed our daily diagnostic and therapeutic strategies so far because of the lack of essential clues to understand the correlation between allergic inflammation in upper and lower airways. Because of the resemblance of experimentally induced allergic airway inflammation in mice to inflamed airways of allergic patients, mouse models can enhance our insight into mechanisms underlying the global airway allergy syndrome. We here review data generated in mice that are relevant for understanding the development of airway allergy and provide new options for research on the so‐called ‘united airway disease’.
Sieve Estimators: Consistency and Rates of Convergence

The first term is the estimation error and measures the performance of the discrimination rule with respect to the best hypothesis in H. In previous lectures, we studied performance guarantees for this quantity when ĥn is ERM. Now, we also consider the approximation error, which captures how well a class of hypotheses {Hk} approximates the Bayes decision boundary. For example, consider the histogram classifiers in Figure 1 and Figure 2, respectively. As the grid becomes more fine-grained, the class of hypotheses approximates the Bayes decision boundary with increasing accuracy. The examination of the approximation error will lead to the design of sieve estimators that perform ERM over Hk where k = k(n) grows with n at an appropriate rate such that both the approximation error and the estimation error converge to 0. Note that while the estimation error is random (because it depends on the sample), the approximation error is not random.
Four tubing Duplexer using band pass and reject

A band pass duplexer for simultaneous operation of a mobile relay station is essential in the world of army communication system. A new method of designing the band pass duplexer is proposed in this paper. The main structure of the band pass duplexer is a parallel coupled line connected with a capacitor. The duplexer are designed in order to improve communication system and radio amateur. It can be implemented by attaching at the army vehicles such as land rover as repeater at operation area. It also can be used with radio amateur as a mobile repeater. The band pass duplexer works as a band pass filter which allows user to communicate with each other within a frequency range of 140 MHz to 150 MHz VHF. Therefore, the duplexer is capable to minimize loses in transmitting and receiving a signal within that frequency range.
Living with anorexia nervosa: the experience of a cohort of sufferers from anorexia nervosa 7.5 years after initial presentation to a specialized eating disorders service

Objective The main aim of the present study was to further understand how sufferers from anorexia nervosa view the disorder, how it affects their lives and how they experience treatment and help. Method A cohort of anorectic patients were followed up 7.5 years after presentation at a specialist locally-based eating disorders service for adults. All subjects were invited to take part in a semi-structured interview and complete a series of questionnaires. Results Thirty-six subjects were interviewed and the group as a whole showed marked improvement compared with initial presentation, but only 14 per cent were judged to be free of the disorder and about one-quarter remained entrenched in the world of anorexia nervosa. The main results focus on common themes which emerged from the interview and extensive quotes from subjects are used for illustrative purposes. Although each person expressed a very individual experience of the disorder, a common theme was of it emerging as a response to a sense of loss of control in one or more areas of their lives, often centering on their self-image and problems in relationships with others. Although the disorder was commonly experienced as having a devastating effect on their lives, the focus on weight and eating at least offered them some semblance of control. A wide range of experiences of treatment were reported, but there was considerable consensus regarding the importance of individual psychotherapy/counselling and of the quality of relationship with a therapist. Discussion This study confirms the often long-term psychological problems experienced by sufferers from anorexia nervosa and helps to illuminate the client's perspective on the disorder and other people's attempts to help. The individual views of the sufferer are an important consideration for those involved in the planning and delivery of services for these vulnerable people. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Accelerating Development with Agent Components

As the demand for more flexible, adaptable, extensible, and robust Web based enterprise application systems accelerates, adopting new software engineering methodologies and development strategies becomes critical. These strategies must support the construction of enterprise software systems that assemble highly flexible software components written at different times by various developers. Traditional software development strategies and engineering methodologies, which require development of software systems from scratch, fall short in this regard. Component based software engineering offers an attractive alternative for building Web based enterprise application systems. CBSE works by developing and evolving software from selected reusable software components, then assembling them within appropriate software architectures. By promoting the use of software components that commercial vendors or in-house developers build, the component based software development approach promises large scale software reuse.
Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure

Autism is a condition characterized by impaired cognitive and social skills, associated with compromised immune function. The incidence is alarmingly on the rise, and environmental factors are increasingly suspected to play a role. This paper investigates word frequency patterns in the U.S. CDC Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) database. Our results provide strong evidence supporting a link between autism and the aluminum in vaccines. A literature review showing toxicity of aluminum in human physiology offers further support. Mentions of autism in VAERS increased steadily at the end of the last century, during a period when mercury was being phased out, while aluminum adjuvant burden was being increased. Using standard log-likelihood ratio techniques, we identify several signs and symptoms that are significantly more prevalent in vaccine reports after 2000, including cellulitis, seizure, depression, fatigue, pain and death, which are also significantly associated with aluminum-containing vaccines. We propose that children with the autism diagnosis are especially vulnerable to toxic metals such as aluminum and mercury due to insufficient serum sulfate and glutathione. A strong correlation between autism and the MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) vaccine is also observed, which may be partially explained via an increased sensitivity to acetaminophen administered to control fever.
The Behavioral Effects of Variations in Class Size: The Case of Math Teachers

This paper tests whether variations in class size cause teachers to alter their teaching methods. Examination of 2,170 math classes suggests that when class size is reduced, teachers do not spend more time on new material, nor do they finish more of the assigned textbook. Rather, teachers shift time away from group instruction and towards individual instruction. Tune spent on student discipline and routine administration declines modestly, while time spent on review rises. Even large reductions in class size shift teachers' time allocation by only a few percentage points. Teachers react more strongly to class size changes when teaching below-average students.
Bipolar LNA design at different operating frequencies

The bipolar LNA design has been investigated at different operating frequencies. An innovative input matching network, which keeps the noise figure to a minimum, is presented and tested in a 900-MHz LNA. Compared to the state-of-the-art solution, the proposed approach does not impose any constraints on the bias current and/or the emitter area. Indeed, the current can be set to meet gain, linearity or power consumption requirements. In addition, the noise and the input impedance self-matching trend of a bipolar cascode topology at higher operating frequencies has been analytically studied and demonstrated by means of a 12-GHz LNA. The 900-MHz LNA exhibits a power gain of 16 dB and a noise figure of 0.8 dB by adding only one external inductor. The 12-GHz fully integrated input and output matched LNA shows a power gain of 9 dB and a noise figure of 4.7 dB. Bias currents are 2 mA and 4 mA, respectively, for the 900-MHz and the 12-GHz LNAs.
Where do children choose to play on the school ground? The influence of green design

The purpose of this study was to examine where children choose to play on a school ground with a diversity of play spaces. We were particularly interested in understanding the influence of the natural/green part of the school ground on children's choice. Using a momentary time sampling direct observation instrument, a total of 23 scans were taken of six pre-determined Target Areas within an Australian primary school over an 11-day period. Separate scans were taken for girls and boys. Results revealed that the green/natural Target Area (a) attracted the highest number of students in total on average (63.78 students/scan) and (b) was the only area that revealed no statistical difference between the mean number of girls and boys. We discuss a number of design and cultural factors that might explain these findings. The results from this study suggest that when children are given a choice about where to play, they are choosing natural areas. As such, green areas of school grounds stand to make an important contribution in providing equitable, inclusive, healthy and inviting play opportunities for children.
Chiral multiplets of heavy - light mesons

The recent discovery of a narrow resonance in ${D}_{s}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ by the BaBar Collaboration is consistent with the interpretation of a heavy ${J}^{P}{(0}^{+}{,1}^{+})$ spin multiplet. This system is the parity partner of the ground state ${(0}^{\ensuremath{-}}{,1}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ multiplet, which we argue is required in the implementation of ${\mathrm{SU}(3)}_{L}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\mathrm{SU}(3)}_{R}$ chiral symmetry in heavy-light meson systems. The ${(0}^{+}{,1}^{+})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{(0}^{\ensuremath{-}}{,1}^{\ensuremath{-}})+\ensuremath{\pi}$ transition couplings satisfy a Goldberger-Treiman relation, ${g}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}=\ensuremath{\Delta}{M/f}_{\ensuremath{\pi}},$ where $\ensuremath{\Delta}M$ is the mass gap. The BaBar resonance fits the ${0}^{+}$ state, with a kinematically blocked principal decay mode to $D+K. $ The allowed ${D}_{s}+\ensuremath{\pi},$ ${D}_{s}+2\ensuremath{\pi},$ and electromagnetic transitions are computed from the full chiral theory and found to be suppressed, consistent with the narrowness of the state. This state establishes the chiral mass difference for all such heavy-quark chiral multiplets, and precise predictions exist for the analogous ${B}_{s}$ and strange doubly heavy baryon states.
HAEMOPROTEUS AND LEUCOCYTOZOON INFECTIONS IN BIRDS OF THE OKLAHOMA CITY ZOO

A total of 222 birds, captive or free-flying in the Oklahoma City Zoo, were examined for blood parasites; 31 (14%) harbored Haemoproteus and/or Leucocytozoon. While 21% of the indigenous avifauna were infected, only 8% of the exotic bird species harbored haemoproteids and these parasites were also exotic to North America. There was no evidence to indicate that exotic infections were transmitted to native birds or vice versa.
Eurographics/ Ieee-vgtc Symposium on Visualization (2006) Hardware-accelerated Extraction and Rendering of Point Set Surfaces

Point-based models are gaining lately considerable attention as an alternative to traditional surface meshes. In this context, Point Set Surfaces (PSS) were proposed as a modeling and rendering method with important topological and approximation properties. However, ray-tracing PSS is computationally expensive. Therefore, we propose an interactive ray-tracing algorithm for PSS implemented completely on commodity graphics hardware. We also exploit the advantages of PSS to propose a novel technique for extracting surfaces directly from volumetric data. This technique is based on the well known predictor-corrector principle from the numerical methods for solving ordinary differential equations. Our technique provides good approximations to surfaces defined by a certain property in the volume, such as iso-surfaces or surfaces located at regions of high gradient magnitude. Also, local details of the surfaces could be manipulated by changing the local polynomial approximation and the smoothing parameters used. Furthermore, the surfaces generated are smooth and low frequency noise is naturally handled.
Playing games in an uncertain world

Traditional game theory assumes that the players in the game are aware of the rules of the game. However, in practice, often the players are unaware or have only partial knowledge about the game they are playing. They may also have knowledge that other players have only partial knowledge of the game they are playing, which they can try to exploit. We present a novel mathematical formulation of such games. We make use of Kripke semantics, which are a way to keep track of what different players know and do not know about the world. We propose a notion of equilibrium for such games, and show that equilibrium always exists.
18 Adaptive News Access

This chapter describes how the adaptive web technologies discussed in this book have been applied to news access. First, we provide an overview of different types of adaptivity in the context of news access and identify corresponding algorithms. For each adaptivity type, we briefly discuss representative systems that use the described techniques. Next, we discuss an in-depth case study of a personalized news system. As part of this study, we outline a user modeling approach specifically designed for news personalization, and present results from an evaluation that attempts to quantify the effect of adaptive news access from a user perspective. We conclude by discussing recent trends and novel systems in the adaptive news space.
A Cysteine-rich Adipose Tissue-specific Secretory Factor Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation*

A 12.5-kDa cysteine-rich adipose tissue-specific secretory factor (ADSF/resistin) is a novel secreted protein rich in serine and cysteine residues with a unique cysteine repeat motif of CX 12CX 8CXCX 3CX 10CXCXCX 9CC. A single 0.8-kilobase mRNA coding for this protein was found in various murine white adipose tissues including inguinal and epididymal fats and also in brown adipose tissue but not in any other tissues examined. Two species of mRNAs with sizes of 1.4 and 0.8 kilobases were found in rat adipose tissue. Sequence analysis indicates that this is because of two polyadenylation signals, the proximal one with the sequence AATACA with a single base mismatch from murine AATAAA and the distal consensus sequence AATAAA. The mRNA level was markedly increased during 3T3-L1 and primary preadipocyte differentiation into adipocytes. Its expression in adipose tissue is under tight nutritional and hormonal regulation; the mRNA level was very low during fasting and increased 25-fold when fasted mice were refed a high carbohydrate diet. It was also very low in adipose tissue of streptozotocin-diabetes and increased 23-fold upon insulin administration. Upon treatment with the conditioned medium from COS cells transfected with the expression vector, conversion of 3T3-L1 cells to adipocytes was inhibited by 80%. The regulated expression pattern suggesting this factor as an adipose sensor for the nutritional state of the animals and the inhibitory effect on adipocyte differentiation implicate its function as a feedback regulator of adipogenesis.
Alternating-phase single-layer slotted waveguide arrays at 25 GHz band

High-gain and mass-producible planar antennas are strongly demanded for millimeter-wave applications such as high-speed wireless LAN, automotive collision avoidance radar and subscriber radio link systems such as LMDS. Single-layer slotted waveguide arrays (Goto 1988) are a leading candidate for these purposes because the transmission loss of hollow waveguides is quite small even at millimeter-wave frequencies in comparison with other planar lines like microstrip or triplate lines. The authors present the structure of an alternating-phase single-layer slotted waveguide array, where all the radiating waveguides are excited in the same amplitude but with opposite phase between the adjacent waveguides by T-junctions. This antenna is suitable for mass-production because it consists of a slot-plate and a groove feed structure. Electrical contact between the slot-plate and the groove feed structure except the periphery of the antenna can be omitted. The authors have already confirmed this principle experimentally (Sakakibara et al.1997). This paper estimates the change in the guided wavelength of the co- and alternating-phase single-layer waveguides due to a small gap between the slot-plate and the narrow walls on the groove feed structure, in order to show how tolerant the latter is against the gap. This paper also confirms a high-gain performance of 35.5 dBi with 67% efficiency of the alternating-phase fed array in the 25 GHz band experimentally, with the new design of a tilted main beam in the backfire direction. The design is used by a slot analysis including mutual coupling effects.
Enhanced gain in colloidal quantum dots in all-dielectric microcavities

We report enhanced amplified-spontaneous-emission from CdSe/ZnS quantum-dots in an all-dielectric Si3N4/SiO2 microcavity. Directional emission is observed through the cavity mode. Enhancement is confirmed with time-resolved and steady-state photoluminescence measurements showing a Purcell factor of ~1.3.
20.5 A 40nm dual-band 3-stream 802.11a/b/g/n/ac MIMO WLAN SoC with 1.1Gb/s over-the-air throughput

The steep growth of digital-content consumption and increasing reliance on wireless networks has resulted in emerging standards such as IEEE 802.11ac. By employing spatial diversity, Multi-user MIMO and high-density modulation (up to 256-QAM), 802.11ac MIMO radios can provide significantly increased throughput, link robustness, and range while maintaining backward-compatibilities with existing 802.11a/n WLAN [1]. However, wide signal bandwidth and high-density modulation lead to significant challenges in all aspects of RF transceiver design, compared to previous WLAN standards. This paper introduces a fully integrated 3-stream MIMO WLAN SoC that integrates all of the functions of an 802.11a/b/g/n/ac WLAN with a record over-the-air TCP/IP throughput of 1.1Gb/s. The 40nm CMOS SoC integrates dual-band (2.4GHz and 5GHz) RF transceivers, data converters, digital physical layer, media access controller, and a PCI Express Gen-2 interface. The RF transceiver employs an all-digital fractional-N PLL with a record Figure-of-Merit (FoM) of -244dB, a wideband low-impedance bias circuit that minimizes pre-PA driver memory effect for 80MHz signal bandwidth, a dual-band receiver with 3dB/4.3dB NF, and a 5th-order Chebyshev low-pass filter with constant-Gm bias and pre-distorted filter coefficients to support up to 80MHz signal bandwidth.