Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Land Use of the Hydrology of Drained Coastal Plain Watersheds

Some of the world’s most productive cropland requires artificial or improved drainage for efficient agricultural production. Soil hydraulic properties, such as hydraulic conductivity and drainable porosity, are conventionally used in design of drainage systems. While it is recognized that these soil properties vary over a relatively wide range within a given soil series, it is generally assumed they can be approximated based on soil type, independent of crop or land use. Effects of land use on hydrology of drained soils in the North Carolina lower coastal plain were investigated by comparing hydrologic measurements on drained agricultural cropland, drained forest land (Loblolly pine), and an undrained forested wetland. Higher ET on the drained pine forest site resulted in reduced drainage outflow and deeper water tables compared to the agricultural site, Measurements for the one year of record available for the wetland site showed water tables near the surface but outflows similar to the drained forest site, Field effective hydraulic conductivity in the top 70 cm of the drained forest site was more than two orders of magnitude greater than that of corresponding layers of the agricultural site. Drainable porosity, based on measured soil water characteristics, was also much higher for the forested site. Long term (SO-year) DRAINMOD simulations predicted average annuat drainage outflow of 5 1.4 cm for the agricultural field as compared to 37.6 cm for the forested site. The difference resulted primarily from greater ET predicted for the forested site. Because of the high conductivity of the surface layers, predicted surface runoff from the forested site was nil as compared to an average annual runoff of 13 cm for the drained cropland site. Results of long-term simulations were used to analyze these effects for the widely variable seasonal and annual weather conditions of eastern NC,
Microinjection of Cytoplasm or Mitochondria Derived from Somatic Cells Affects Parthenogenetic Development of Murine Oocytes1

Abstract Cloned mammals are readily obtained by nuclear transfer using cultured somatic cells; however, the rate of generating live offspring from the reconstructed embryos remains low. In nuclear transfer procedures, varying quantities of donor cell mitochondria are transferred with nuclei into recipient oocytes, and mitochondrial heteroplasmy has been observed. A mouse model was used to examine whether transferred mitochondria affect the development of the reconstructed oocytes. Cytoplasm or purified mitochondria from somatic cells derived from the external ear, skeletal muscle, and testis of Mus spretus mice or cumulus cells of Mus musculus domesticus mice were transferred into M. m. domesticus (B6SJLF1 and B6D2F1) oocytes to observe parthenogenetic development through the morula stage. All B6D2F1 oocytes injected with somatic cytoplasm or mitochondria showed delayed development when compared to oocytes injected with buffer. The developmental rates were not different among injected cell sources, with the exception of testis-derived donor cells injected into B6SJLF1 oocytes (P < 0.01). The developmental rate of B6D2F1 oocytes injected with buffer alone (98.8% survival) was different from those injected with somatic cytoplasm (60.8% survival) or somatic mitochondria (56.5% survival) (P < 0.01). Conversely, injection of ooplasm into B6D2F1 oocytes did not affect parthenogenetic development (100% survival). Our results indicate that injection of somatic cytoplasm or mitochondria affected parthenogenetic development of murine oocytes. These results have further implications for in vitro fertilization protocols employing ooplasmic transfer where primary oocyte failure is not confirmed.
New Active Queue Management scheme based on statistical analysis

Most Active Queue Management (AQM) schemes try to stabilize the instantaneous queue length through mapping the congestion measurement into packet drop probability. In this paper we proposed a new AQM scheme called Exact Dropping Probability (EDP) without visible congestion measurement and mapping. It's developed through statistical analysis for a dumbbell topology network. The simulation results demonstrate that EDP can control the instantaneous queue length converging to the desired value under various scenarios. We compare the performance of EDP with other existing AQM schemes like PI, REM and RaQ, and show that EDP has the fastest reactivity and the smallest oscillation.
Chromosome position effects on gene expression in Escherichia coli K-12

In eukaryotes, the location of a gene on the chromosome is known to affect its expression, but such position effects are poorly understood in bacteria. Here, using Escherichia coli K-12, we demonstrate that expression of a reporter gene cassette, comprised of the model E. coli lac promoter driving expression of gfp, varies by ∼300-fold depending on its precise position on the chromosome. At some positions, expression was more than 3-fold higher than at the natural lac promoter locus, whereas at several other locations, the reporter cassette was completely silenced: effectively overriding local lac promoter control. These effects were not due to differences in gene copy number, caused by partially replicated genomes. Rather, the differences in gene expression occur predominantly at the level of transcription and are mediated by several different features that are involved in chromosome organization. Taken together, our findings identify a tier of gene regulation above local promoter control and highlight the importance of chromosome position effects on gene expression profiles in bacteria.
Multiple Pathway-Based Genetic Variations Associated with Tobacco Related Multiple Primary Neoplasms

Background In order to elucidate a combination of genetic alterations that drive tobacco carcinogenesis we have explored a unique model system and analytical method for an unbiased qualitative and quantitative assessment of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. The objective of this case control study was to assess genetic predisposition in a biologically enriched clinical model system of tobacco related cancers (TRC), occurring as Multiple Primary Neoplasms (MPN). Methods Genotyping of 21 candidate Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) from major metabolic pathways was performed in a cohort of 151 MPN cases and 210 cancer-free controls. Statistical analysis using logistic regression and Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) analysis was performed for studying higher order interactions among various SNPs and tobacco habit. Results Increased risk association was observed for patients with at least one TRC in the upper aero digestive tract (UADT) for variations in SULT1A1 Arg213His, mEH Tyr113His, hOGG1 Ser326Cys, XRCC1 Arg280His and BRCA2 Asn372His. Gene - environment interactions were assessed using MDR analysis. The overall best model by MDR was tobacco habit/p53(Arg/Arg)/XRCC1(Arg399His)/mEH(Tyr113His) that had highest Cross Validation Consistency (8.3) and test accuracy (0.69). This model also showed significant association using logistic regression analysis. Conclusion This is the first Indian study on a multipathway based approach to study genetic susceptibility to cancer in tobacco associated MPN. This approach could assist in planning additional studies for comprehensive understanding of tobacco carcinogenesis.
Understanding New Metaphors

Metaphors are widespread in natural language. Most natural language processing systems have failed to adequately deal with this issue. A two part approach to this problem involving a Metaphoric Lexicon and a dynamic extension system is described. The extension mechanism operates by analogically mapping previously understood mappings to account for new uses based on known regularities in the English metaphor system. A system based on this approach has been applied to the UNIX domain. Results indicate that this domain exhibits all the predicted regularities and that understanding new senses is possible using these regularities
Consistency Based Feature

Feature selection is an eeective technique in dealing with dimensionality reduction for classiication task, a main component of data mining. It searches for an \optimal" subset of features. The search strategies under consideration are one of the three: complete, heuristic, and probabilistic. Existing algorithms adopt various measures to evaluate the goodness of feature subsets. This work focuses on one measure called consistency. We study its properties in comparison with other major measures and diierent ways of using this measure in search of feature subsets. We conduct an empirical study to examine the pros and cons of these diierent search methods using consistency. Through this extensive exercise, we aim to provide a comprehensive view of this measure and its relations with other measures and a guideline of the use of this measure with diierent search strategies facing a new application.
Rain height information from TRMM precipitation radar and micro rain radar for radio communication studies in Nigeria

One of the key meteorological parameters necessary for estimating fade margins for link availability in the satellite-Earth propagation path is the 0°C isotherm height or the rain height. Although, ITU-R P. 839-3 recommendation provided a global map of this height in the form of contours at a resolution of 1.5° by 1.5° in both latitude and longitude in regions of the world where no location specific information is available. However, the precipitation structure depends on the different climatic region, which makes rain height to be strongly depended on the local weather. In this report, we present information on rain characteristics of 0°C isotherm height in Nigeria based on 2 years of precipitation data obtained from the Tropical Rain Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. The analysis has been carried out based on the stratiform rain events which normally exhibit a characterized melting layer or bright-band. These results are compared with a measurement from ground-based vertically looking micro rain radar (MRR) and the mean 0°C isotherm height provided by the ITU-R P. 839-3 recommendations. It is worth underlined that-an annual mean height given by the ITU-R for this region shows an average percentage difference of about 4% of the measured values. This suggests that fade margin estimated using the ITU-recommended value of this region will be overestimated. In overall, rain height obtained from TRMM-PR is in agreement with the ground-based radar.
Detection of pathogenic bacteria: a genosensor approach

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: aMBs: Allosteric Molecular Beacons; AuNPs: Gold Nanoparticles; CNTs: Carbon Nanotubes; CV: Cyclic Voltammetry; DPV: Differential Pulse Voltammetry; dsDNA: Double Stranded DNA; FRET: Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; G-DNA Genomic DNA; GMO: Genetically Modified Organisms; ITO: Indium Tin Oxide; LOD: Limit of Detection; MB: Molecular Beacons; miRNA: microRNA; PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction; PNA: Peptide Nucleic Acid; QCM: Quartz Crystal Microbalance; QDs: Quantum Dots; ssDNA: Single Stranded DNA; SPR: Surface Plasmon Resonance
Proposed Myanmar Word Tokenizer based on LIPIDIPIKAR treatise

Natural Language Processing (NLP) based technologies are now becoming important and future intelligent systems will use more of these techniques as the technology is improving explosively. But Asia becomes a dense area in NLP field because of linguistic diversity. Many Asian languages are inadequately supported on computers. Myanmar language is an analytic language but it includes special character like killer, medial, etc. In English or European languages, all of the syllables are formed by combining the alphabets that represent only consonants and vowels but Myanmar language uses compound syllables that make more difficult to analyze. So we can face difficulties in word sorting. In our proposed system, the condensed form of Myanmar ordinary scripts will be transformed into analyzable elaborated scripts based on LIPIDIPIKAR treatise written by Yaw Min Gyi U Pho Hlaing. These elaborated words can be easily sorted by using this treatise. In our proposed system, complexity of Myanmar condensed words sorting compared with complexity of elaborated words sorting.
Central release of nitric oxide mediates antinociception induced by aerobic exercise

Nitric oxide (NO) is a soluble gas that participates in important functions of the central nervous system, such as cognitive function, maintenance of synaptic plasticity for the control of sleep, appetite, body temperature, neurosecretion, and antinociception. Furthermore, during exercise large amounts of NO are released that contribute to maintaining body homeostasis. Besides NO production, physical exercise has been shown to induce antinociception. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the central involvement of NO in exercise-induced antinociception. In both mechanical and thermal nociceptive tests, central [intrathecal (it) and intracerebroventricular (icv)] pretreatment with inhibitors of the NO/cGMP/KATP pathway (L-NOArg, ODQ, and glybenclamide) prevented the antinociceptive effect induced by aerobic exercise (AE). Furthermore, pretreatment (it, icv) with specific NO synthase inhibitors (L-NIO, aminoguanidine, and L-NPA) also prevented this effect. Supporting the hypothesis of the central involvement of NO in exercise-induced antinociception, nitrite levels in the cerebrospinal fluid increased immediately after AE. Therefore, the present study suggests that, during exercise, the NO released centrally induced antinociception.
Role of Akt Signaling in Mitochondrial Survival Pathway Triggered by Hypoxic Preconditioning

Background—The signaling pathways that control ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in heart have not been fully defined. In this study, we investigated whether Akt signaling has a role in the antiapoptotic pathways of preconditioning against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Methods and Results—Primary cultures of adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs) were subjected to preconditioning (PC) by exposing the cells to 10 minutes of hypoxia followed by 30 minutes of reoxygenation. Non-PC and PC myocytes were subjected to 90 minutes of hypoxia followed by 120 minutes of reoxygenation. Hypoxic-PC protected the myocytes from subsequent H/R injury, as evidenced by decreased apoptosis and LDH release and increased cell viability. H/R-induced cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-3 and -9 were blocked by PC. This protective effect was inhibited by treating the cells with LY294002 (50 μmol/L), a PI3 kinase inhibitor, for 10 minutes before and during PC. PC also induced phosphorylation of Akt and BAD. Protein levels of Bcl-2 in mitochondria were maintained in PC. ARVMs were infected with either a control adenovirus (Adeno lac-Z), an adenovirus expressing dominant-negative Akt, or an adenovirus expressing constitutively active Akt. Ectopic overexpression of constitutively active Akt protected ARVMs from apoptosis induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation compared with Adeno lac-Z. In contrast, dominant negative Akt overexpression abolished the antiapoptotic effect of PC. Conclusions—Our data demonstrated that in adult cardiomyocytes, the antiapoptotic effect of PC against H/R requires Akt signaling leading to phosphorylation of BAD, inhibition of cytochrome c release, and prevention of caspase activation.
Rethinking corrections : rehabilitation, reentry, and reintegration

CHAPTER ONE: Introduction: Corrections in an Era of Reentry - Lior Gideon CHAPTER TWO: Public Attitudes Toward Rehabilitation and Reintegration - Lior Gideon and Natalie Loveland CHAPTER THREE: Treatment of Offender Population: Implications for the Risk Management and Community Reintegration - Elizabeth Jeglic, Christian Maile, Cynthia Calkins Mercado CHAPTER FOUR: Major Rehabilitative Approaches - Hung-En Sung and Lior Gideon CHAPTER FIVE: Probation: An Untapped Resource in U.S. Corrections - Doris Layton MacKenzie CHAPTER SIX: Diversion Programs - Rachel Porter CHAPTER SEVEN: Prison-Based Substance-Abuse Program - Wayne N. Welsh CHAPTER EIGHT: Prison-Based Educational and Vocational Programs - Georgen Guerrero CHAPTER NINE: The Community Re-integration of Violent/Sex Offenders: Issues and Challenges for Community Risk Management - Patrick Lussier, Melissa Dahabieh, Nadine Deslauriers-Varin, and Chris Thomson CHAPTER TEN: Seeking Medical and Psychiatric Attention - Elizabeth Corzine McMullan CHAPTER ELEVEN: Faith-Based Prisoner Reentry - Beverly D. Frazier CHAPTER TWELVE: Parole: Moving the Field Forward Through a New Model of Behavioral Management - Faye S. Taxman CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Employment Barriers to Reintegration - Mindy Tarlow CHAPTER FOURTEEN: Barriers to Reintegration - Andrea Leverentz CHAPTER FIFTEEN: Preparedness of Current College Curricula to Issues of Prisoner Reentry - Lior Gideon CHAPTER SIXTEEN: Integrative Theory of The Triple Rs (Rehabilitation, Reentry, and Reintegration) - Lior Gideon and Hung-En Sung
The Formal Design Models of Tree Architectures and Behaviors

Trees are one of the most fundamental and widely used non-linear hierarchical structures of linked nodes. A binary tree (B-Tree) is a typical balanced tree where the fan-out of each node is at most two known as the left and right children. This paper develops a comprehensive design pattern of formal trees using the B-Tree architecture. A rigorous denotational mathematics, Real-Time Process Algebra (RTPA), is adopted, which allows both architectural and behavioral models of B-Trees to be rigorously designed and implemented in a top-down approach. The architectural models of B-Trees are created using RTPA architectural modeling methodologies known as the Unified Data Models (UDMs). The physical model of B-Trees is implemented using the left and right child nodes dynamically created in memory. The behavioral models of B-Trees are specified and refined by a set of Unified Process Models (UPMs) in three categories namely the management operations, traversal operations, and node I/O operations. This work has been applied in a number of real-time and nonreal-time system designs such as a real-time operating system (RTOS+), a general system organization model, and the ADT library for an RTPA-based automatic code generator.
Differentially Private Trajectory Analysis for Points-of-Interest Recommendation

Ubiquitous deployment of low-cost mobile positioning devices and the widespread use of high-speed wireless networks enable massive collection of large-scale trajectory data of individuals moving on road networks. Trajectory data mining finds numerous applications including understanding users' historical travel preferences and recommending places of interest to new visitors. Privacy-preserving trajectory mining is an important and challenging problem as exposure of sensitive location information in the trajectories can directly invade the location privacy of the users associated with the trajectories. In this paper, we propose a differentially private trajectory analysis algorithm for points-of-interest recommendation to users that aims at maximizing the accuracy of the recommendation results while protecting the privacy of the exposed trajectories with differential privacy guarantees. Our algorithm first transforms the raw trajectory dataset into a bipartite graph with nodes representing the users and the points-of-interest and the edges representing the visits made by the users to the locations, and then extracts the association matrix representing the bipartite graph to inject carefully calibrated noise to meet έ-differential privacy guarantees. A post-processing of the perturbed association matrix is performed to suppress noise prior to performing a Hyperlink-Induced Topic Search (HITS) on the transformed data that generates an ordered list of recommended points-of-interest. Extensive experiments on a real trajectory dataset show that our algorithm is efficient, scalable and demonstrates high recommendation accuracy while meeting the required differential privacy guarantees.
Design of 80-Gb/s PAM4 wireline receiver in 65-nm CMOS technology

An 80 Gb/s 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) wireline receiver is presented in this paper. This receiver adopts quarter rate architecture to improve data rate and reduce power consumption. In order to reduce the complexity of the clock and data recovery (CDR) design, a voltage control oscillator (VCO) based CDR without reference clock is used. Furthermore, four BBPDs are used to sample the edge and data information generated by the middle slicer for extraction the phase error between the data and clock. The receiver is designed in 65nm CMOS technology and supplied with 1.2V. The simulation results show that the proposed PAM4 receiver can work at 80 Gb/s with 235mW consumption.
The un-polarized bit-channels in the wiretap polar coding scheme

Polar coding theorems state that as the number of channel use, n, tends to infinity, the fraction of un-polarized bit-channels (the bit-channels whose Z parameters are in the interval (δ(n), 1- δ (n)), tends to zero. Consider two BEC channels W(z<sub>1</sub>) and W(z<sub>2</sub>). Motivated by polar coding scheme proposed for the wiretap channel, we investigate the number of bit-channels which are simultaneously un-polarized for both of W(z<sub>1</sub>) and W(z<sub>2</sub>). We show that for finite values of n, there is a considerable regime of (z<sub>1</sub>, Z<sub>2</sub>) where the set of (joint)un-polarized bit-channels is empty. We also show that for γ ≤ 1/2 and δ (n) = 2<sup>-nγ</sup>, the number of un-polarized bit-channels is lower bounded by 2γ log (n).
Teaching Frankenstein and Wide Sargasso Sea using affective literacy

A study on the practice of affective literacy combining social and cultural interest with psychological stimulation is illustrated. Using affective literacy as a means to enhancing English pedagogy by making the text come alive shifts the focus as English educators to influence decisions in terms of textual choice and practice, with the aim of raising literacy skills of all students.
A preliminary study of child vocalization on a parallel corpus of US and shanghainese toddlers

This paper studies various aspects of child vocalization as captured in a newly established parallel corpus of sixteen 18–31 months old US and Shanghainese toddlers. The recordings were acquired in 16-hour sessions during an ‘ordinary’ day in the child’s natural environment and manually labeled. The vocalization characteristics are studied by means of phonotactic and prosodic analysis with emphasis on automatic processing. In the phonotactic domain, a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) tokenizer, a bank of phone recognizers, and formant tracking are used to analyze the movements in the acoustic-phonetic space. In the prosodic domain, pitch patterns, duration, and rhythm are analyzed. Besides strong individual-specific characteristics of the subjects in some of the domains considered, the two language groups show differences in the occupation of the F1–F2 formant space, choice of pitch pattern durations, and consistency in producing complex phonetic patterns. Index Terms: children vocalization, speech acquisition, phonotactic modeling, pitch patterns, rhythmicity parameters
Problem Solving with Children.

EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 HC-$6.01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Classroom Observation Techniques; Cognitive Development; *Early Childhood Education; *Elementary Education; interaction Process inalysis;Learning Activities; Performance Based Education; *Performance Based Teacher Education; Preschool Education; *Problem Solving; Social Development; Teacher Education; *Teacher Education Curriculum; *Teaching Tedhniques IDENTIFIERS Far West LabOratory for Educational R and D; *Flexible Learning System