Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Awareness of and interest in Green Routes

65 pp. Green Routes is a project of Renewing the Countryside in partnership with the Sustainable Farming Association, University of Minnesota Tourism Center, Minnesota Department of Agriculture’s Minnesota Grown Program, Minnesota Food Association, Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, U of M’s Minnesota Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Minnesota Bed and Breakfast Association, Land Stewardship Project and the University of Minnesota’s Regional Sustainable Development Partnerships.
Tamuarawai (EQS ): An Early Lapita Site on Emirau, New Ireland, PNG

In 2007 a new Early Lapita site called Tamuarawai (EQS) was located on Emirau Island, Papua New Guinea. Two seasons of excavation (2007, 2008) have been undertaken. This paper describes the site and some of the preliminary analyses undertaken. Some unusual results suggest that Tamuarawai will make an important contribution to modelling the Early Lapita occupation of the Bismarck Archipelago.
of Clinical and Health Psychology

In this study we compared the efficacy of virtual reality exposure combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy (VRET) to that of traditional cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) alone in reducing phobic symptoms in a sample of patients with long-term agoraphobia. The study was a between-subject design with three experimental conditions (VRET group, N = 30; CBT group, N = 30; and medication only group, N = 20) and repeated measures (pre-treatment, post-treatment, and six-month follow-up). All patients were receiving antidepressant medication. Results showed that all therapies were statistically effective both at post-treatment and six-month follow-up. The VRET group showed clinical improvement in most variables measured at follow-up. The CBT group showed the highest dropout rates. These results are discussed pointing out that VRET probably serves as an intermediate procedure for an efficient exposure to phobic stimuli. Besides describing the advantages of VRET for the treatment of agoraphobia symptoms in cost-beneﬁt terms, the study also considered issues related to higher treatment adherence and motivation.
Water Balance Analysis for a Nebraska Sand Hills Wetland Mitigation Site

The objective of this study was to explore the potential for estimating parameters within the water balance equation for the Rose Southeast Wetland Mitigation Bank Site, located in the Sand Hills region of Rock County, Nebraska, USA, from September 21, 2006 through September 14, 2007, to meet regulatory performance standard specifications and to make use of measured estimates to meet credit certification of the site for further use as a banking instrument for future crediting toward Nebraska Department of Roads (NDOR) projects. Secondary objectives were to determine if methods used could be reproduced on a similar budget under similar site conditions. The development of a water balance for a wetland mitigation site, for purposes of addressing performance standards outlined by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, is an essential task to determine viability of the site to, within reason, maintain functions replaced due to Section 404 procedures of The Clean Water Act. The history of compensatory mitigation within the Sand Hills region of north-central Nebraska is poorly-defined and nearly non-existent. Studies focusing primarily on the enhancement and/or restoration within mitigation are lacking, but essential in maintaining regionally-specific aquatic resources.
High‐resolution seismic imaging in the Japan Trench axis area off Miyagi, northeastern Japan

Newly obtained high‐resolution seismic data reveal the detailed structure of the Japan Trench axis off Miyagi, Japan, in the region of large shallow slip during the 11 March 2011 M9 Tohoku earthquake. Correlation of seismic images with previous drilling results identifies a possible basal chert‐rich layer and hemipelagic/pelagic mudstones overlying igneous Pacific crust. Mapping of acoustic basement depicts the subduction of horst‐and‐graben topography. The basement and basal chert are subducted beneath a seismically chaotic frontal prism, but the majority of overlying hemipelagic mudstones is offscraped and imbricated at the trench axis as a result of plate boundary compression. A possible décollement is imaged as a seaward dipping reflection at landward part of the trench graben and was likely generated by loading and failure of underthrust sediments. Collectively, these analyses provide a structural framework for understanding sedimentary inputs and the localization of shallow plate boundary slip at the Japan Trench.
Caracterización fitoecológica de los sabinares albares de la Península Ibérica

espanolTras el estudio de las comunidades de Juniperus thurifera L. en la Peninsula Iberica mediante analisis multivariante de ordenacion. (DECORANA) y de clasificacion (TWINSPAN), se propone una caracterizacion de 10s sabinares albares. El tratamiento tipologico propuesto por nosotros distingue cuatro modalidades de sabinares: cantabricos, de paramera, termofilos y acidofilos. EnglishCommunities of Juniperus thurifera L. in the Iberian Peninsula were studied using multivariate analysis of ordination (DECORANA) and classification (TWINSPAN). The typological treatment we propose as a result of these studies distinguishes four types of J. thurifera communities: cantabrian, paramo, thermophilic and acidophilic.
New proposed national resources inventory protocols on nonfederal rangelands

The U.S. Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) has used resource inventories for over 65 years to assess the Nation's natural resources on nonfederal lands. Rangeland National resources Inventory (NRI) activities in NRCS have provided scientifically credible information about status, conditions, and trends on nonfederal rangelands. The inventory process has evolved in the last two decades from qualitative in the early 80s to more quantitative field methods in the 90s. Since 1995, cooperation between government agencies has resulted in new protocols for rangeland field inventory techniques giving the Nation a quantitative foundation for assessing rangeland conditions. The new proposed NRI protocols are designed to detect long-term—years to decades—changes in the condition of rangeland ecosystems, and monitor short-term impacts, which may be of immediate concern. The new rangeland NRI protocols will provide field-based benchmarks for primary sample units and fulfill NRCS-NRI objectives (see sidebar, page 20A). An interagency group—the USDA-NRCS, USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Department of Interior (USDI)-Bureau of Land Management (BLM), USDI-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the USDA-Forest Service (USFS)—worked together to develop a list of data elements that …
Data Analysis in Vegetation Ecology

Preface. List of Figures. List of Tables. 1 Introduction. 2 Patterns in Vegetation Ecology. 2.1 Pattern recognition. 2.2 Interpretation of patterns. 2.3 Sampling for pattern recognition. 3 Transformation. 3.1 Data types. 3.2 Scalar transformation and the species enigma. 3.3 Vector transformation. 3.4 Example: Transformation of plant cover data. 4 Multivariate Comparison. 4.1 Resemblance in multivariate space. 4.2 Geometric approach. 4.3 Contingency testing. 4.4 Product moments. 4.5 The resemblance matrix. 4.6 Assessing the quality of classifications. 5 Ordination. 5.1 Why ordination? 5.2 Principal component analysis (PCA). 5.3 Principal coordinates analysis (PCOA). 5.4 Correspondence analysis (CA). 5.5 The horseshoe or arch effect. 5.6 Ranking by orthogonal components. 6 Classification. 6.1 Group structures. 6.2 Linkage clustering. 6.3 Minimum-variance clustering. 6.4 Average-linkage clustering: UPGMA, WPGMA, UPGMC and WPGMC. 6.5 Forming groups. 6.6 Structured synoptic tables. 7 Joining Ecological Patterns. 7.1 Pattern and ecological response. 7.2 Analysis of variance. 7.3 Correlating resemblance matrices. 7.4 Contingency tables. 7.5 Constrained ordination. 8 Static Explanatory Modelling . 8.1 Predictive or explanatory? 8.2 The Bayes probability model. 8.3 Predicting wetland vegetation (example). 9 Assessing Vegetation Change in Time. 9.1 Coping with time. 9.2 Rate of change and trend. 9.3 Markov models. 9.4 Space-for-time substitution. 9.5 Dynamics in pollen diagrams (example). 10 Dynamic Modelling. 10.1 Simulating time processes. 10.2 Including space processes. 10.3 Processes in the Swiss National Park (SNP). 11 Large Data Sets: Wetland Patterns. 11.1 Large data sets differ. 11.2 Phytosociology revisited. 11.3 Suppressing outliers. 11.4 Replacing species with new attributes. 11.5 Large synoptic tables? 12 Swiss Forests: A Case Study. 12.1 Aim of the study. 12.2 Structure of the data set. 12.3 Methods. 12.4 Selected questions. 12.5 Conclusions. Appendix A On using software. A.1 Spreadsheets. A.2 Databases. A.3 Software for multivariate analysis. Appendix B Data Sets Used. References. Index.
Assessing the effects of land cover and future climate conditions on the provision of hydrological services in a medium‐sized watershed of Portugal

The separated and combined effects of land‐cover scenarios and future climate on the provision of hydrological services were evaluated in Vez watershed, northern Portugal. Soil and Water Assessment Tool was calibrated against daily discharge, sediments and nitrates, with good agreements between model predictions and field observations. Four hypothetical land‐cover scenarios were applied under current climate conditions (eucalyptus/pine, oak, agriculture/vine and low vegetation). A statistical downscaling of four General Circulation Models, bias‐corrected with ground observations, was carried out for 2021–2040 and 2041–2060, using representative concentration pathway 4.5 scenario. Also, the combined effects of future climate conditions were evaluated under eucalyptus/pine and agriculture/vine scenario.
Caracterización de los aerosoles atmosféricos en Valencia mediante fotometría solar.

There is a real need on improving our knowledge of the physical and optical properties of the atmospheric particles. These particles (called aerosols) are important on the atmosphere and Earth systems. Their effect on the climate prediction is decisive, and moreover they degrade the quality of remote sensed images. Therefore, this work is aimed at characterising the climatological properties of the atmospheric aerosols, and their transport mechanisms. For this purpouse, we have applied sunphotometry experimental technics in a site located in the suburbs of Valencia city at the east coast of Spain. For the aerosol properties retrieval, we have employed two automatic CIMEL sunphotometers, model CE318. This equipment measures solar direct radiation and sky diffuse radiance. On the other hand, there are few inversion algorithms for deriving the optical properties from the sun sky sunphotometer measurements. The one employed in this work has been Skyrad.Pack. This algorithm retrieves the aerosol size distribution function, scattering phase function, single scattering albedo, complex refractive index and asymmetry parameter. The results of this work have been divided in three parts. In the first one the instrumentation has been characterised: calibration monitoring of the direct and diffuse components, thermal effects on the sensors and its correction, and a novel correction method for accounting for lateral deviation of the solar pointing. These corrections introduce an important improvement on the results. A second part is devoted to the climatological characterisation of the aerosols in the suburban area of Valencia. The annual, seasonal and monthly trends are also analysed, with a detailed statistical study. The third part is aimed at finding a relationship between the dominant air masses geographical origins and the particles properties, as they are brought by the air masses from remote source areas. Finally, a large number of tables have been also prepared and presented at the appendix for consultation, when climatological or remote sensing studies must be done at regions in western Europe, that are affected by pollution from medium size cities and also by maritime or north african air masses.
Privacy-Preserving Indoor Localization on Smartphones

Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS) have recently received considerable attention, mainly because GPS is unavailable in indoor spaces and consumes considerable energy. On the other hand, predominant Smartphone OS localization subsystems currently rely on server-side localization processes, allowing the service provider to know the location of a user at all times. In this paper, we propose an innovative algorithm for protecting users from location tracking by the localization service, without hindering the provisioning of fine-grained location updates on a continuous basis. Our proposed Temporal Vector Map (TVM) algorithm, allows a user to accurately localize by exploiting a k-Anonymity Bloom (kAB) filter and a bestNeighbors generator of camouflaged localization requests, both of which are shown to be resilient to a variety of privacy attacks. We have evaluated our framework using a real prototype developed in Android and Hadoop HBase as well as realistic Wi-Fi traces scaling-up to several GBs. Our analytical evaluation and experimental study reveal that TVM is not vulnerable to attacks that traditionally compromise k-anonymity protection and indicate that TVM can offer fine-grained localization in approximately four orders of magnitude less energy and number of messages than competitive approaches.
EXPERIENCES THAT SHAPE THE DEVELOPMENT OF INCLUSIVE INSTRUCTION IN PRESERVICE TEACHERS: AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON

Preservice teacher education programs are vital in teachers’ development of instructional practices for inclusive classrooms. In previous research, preservice teachers in Canada had higher scores on measures of experience with people with disabilities when compared to those in Germany. The current study investigated the proposition that differences existed because of experiences of inclusion in the respective countries. Participants were 18 Canadian preservice teachers from faculties of education in Ontario, Canada and 29 German preservice teachers from a Bavarian university. A Group Concept Mapping (GCM) technique was employed. Both groups identified Practicum Experiences, Education Program, Past Jobs, and Personal Life Experiences as contributing to the development of their inclusive practice. Only the Canadian sample identified Mentoring Relationships and Professional Development. Differences and similarities in teacher education programs are highlighted as possible contributors to the differences in Canadian and German preservice teachers’ perceptions of experiences useful for shaping their instructional practice. Article visualizations:
De nouveaux indicateurs de suivi en temps réel de la croissance dans 32 économies avancées et émergentes

We develop monthly indicators for tracking short-run trends in real GDP growth in 32 advanced and emerging-market economies. To do so, we use a two-stage procedure inspired by Giannone et alii (2008) that combines the estimation of dynamic factor models on and the application of the Kalman filter to heterogeneous data in terms of frequency and publishing delays. We test the historical performance of our indicators and find that they do a good job at describing the business cycle. In a recursive out-of-sample forecasting exercise, we find that the indicators generally produce good real GDP growth forecasts relative to a range of time series models.
Marine and terrigenous lipids in southeast atlantic sediments (leg 175) as paleoenvironmental indicators: initial results

Lipid compositions of sediments recovered during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 175 in the eastern South Atlantic reflect a variety of oceanographic and climatological environments. Most of the identified lipids can be ascribed to marine sources, notably haptophytes, eustigmatophytes, dinoflagellates, archaea, and diatoms. Elevated concentrations of cholesterol suggest zooplankton herbivory, characteristic for sites influenced by upwelling. At these sites, sulfurized highly branched isoprenoids from diatoms are also present in high amounts. Sterols, sterol ethers, hopanoids, and midchain hydroxy fatty acids could also be detected. Terrigenous lipids are n-alkanes, fatty acids, n-alcohols, and triterpenoid compounds like taraxerol and β-amyrine. n-Alkanes, fatty acids, and n-alcohols are derived from leaf waxes of higher land plants and transported to the sea by airborne dust or fresh water. Triterpenoid compounds are most probably derived from mangroves and transported solely by rivers. Lipid compositions below the Congo low-salinity plume are strongly influenced by terrigenous material from the Congo River. Elevated organic carbon contents and predominantly marine lipid distributions at the Angola margin may indicate a highly productive plankton population, probably sustained by the Angola Dome. Sedimentary lipids in the Walvis Basin contain an upwelling signal, likely transported by the Benguela Current. Sedimentary lipids off Luderitz Bay and in the southern Cape Basin are dominated by plankton lipids in high to intermediate amounts, reflecting persistent and seasonal upwelling, respectively.
Spatio-temporal model for wind speed variability

Investments in wind energy harvesting facilities are often high. At the same time uncertainties for the corresponding energy gains are large. Therefore a reliable model to describe the variability of wind speed is needed to estimate the expected available wind power and other statistics of interest, e.g. coefficient of variation, expected length of the wind conditions favorable for the wind-energy harvesting etc. In this paper wind speed are modeled by means of a spatio-temporal transformed Gaussian field. Its dependence structure is localized by introduction of time and space dependent parameters in the field. The model has the advantage of having a relatively small number of parameters. These parameters have natural physical interpretation and are statistically fitted to represent variability of observed wind speed in ERA Interim reanalysis data set.
Introduction to Geochemical Modeling

Foreword Preface Introduction 1. Mass balance, mixing and fractionation 2. Linear algebra 3. Useful numerical analysis 4. Probability and statistics 5. Inverse methods 6. Modeling chemical equilibrium 7. Dynamic systems 8. Transport, advection and diffusion 9. Trace elements in magmatic processes References Index.
CFD modeling and measurement of aerosol particle distributions in ventilated multizone rooms

This paper reports a study of airflow and aerosol particle distribution in ventilated multizone areas with different geometrical conditions. The research includes both CFD simulation and experimental measurement. The comparisons of average particle concentration decay between numerical results and measured data are generally satisfactory and acceptable. It can be concluded that the particle movement and distribution are mainly influenced by the airflow pattern, ventilation rates, and particle properties.
A fast simulation method for uncertainty quantification of subsurface flow and transport

In subsurface aquifers, dispersion of contaminant, or tracer, is mainly driven by spatial fluctuations in the flow field caused by heterogeneity of the hydraulic conductivity. Measurements of conductivity, however, are usually sparse. To assess the resulting uncertainty in the transport of tracers, Monte Carlo (MC) methods are usually applied, where the transport statistics are sampled over a large number of probable hydraulic conductivity realizations. In this paper, an alternative method is described that provides accurate transport statistics at a computational expense that is 3 orders of magnitude lower than conventional MC. The new method is applicable for conductivity fields with multivariate Gaussian characterization involving conductivity measurements for both small and high log‐conductivity variances. The new method is validated against MC for different dispersion scenarios, where the region of interest spans tens of log‐conductivity correlation lengths.
[Neuropathic pain. The long path from mechanisms to mechanism-based treatment].

Clinical characteristics of neuropathic pain, i.e. pain after nervous system lesions, are burning spontaneous pain, shooting pain attacks and evoked pains. Partly interacting pathophysiological mechanisms at the peripheral and central nervous system may be responsible for initiation and maintenance of chronic neuropathic pain. (1) Peripheral nociceptive fibers can be abnormally sensitized. (2) Central nociceptive second order neurons in the spinal cord dorsal horn can also be sensitized, i.e. they are hyperexcitable and start responding to non-noxious stimuli. (3) Degeneration of nociceptive neurons may trigger anatomical sprouting of low-threshold mechanosensitive terminals to central nociceptive neurons and may subsequently induce synaptic reorganization in the dorsal horn. By this mechanism activity in mechanosensitive neurons may be perceived as painful. (4) Peripheral nerve injury may induce a pathological interaction of the nociceptive system and the efferent sympathetic system. The different mechanisms can operate in concert in a single disease entity (e.g., postherpetic neuralgia) and also in one single patient. Distinct pathophysiological mechanisms lead to specific sensory symptoms (e.g., dynamic mechanical allodynia, cold hyperalgesia). Therefore, a thorough analysis of sensory symptoms may reveal the underlying mechanisms that are mainly active in a particular patient. In the next step novel drugs will be developed that address specifically the relevant mechanism combination. Drug therapies that are available today include NSAIDS, opioids, tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsives (carbamazepine, gabapentin), GABA-agonists, Capsaicin and NMDA-antagonists.
Assessing the value of cooperation and information exchange in large water resources systems by agent‐based optimization

Many large‐scale water resources systems, especially in transboundary contexts, are characterized by the presence of several and conflicting interests and managed by multiple, institutionally independent decision makers. These systems are often studied adopting a centralized approach based on the assumption of full cooperation and information exchange among the involved parties. Such a perspective is conceptually interesting to quantify the best achievable performance but might have little practical impact given the real political and institutional setting. In this work, we propose a novel decision‐analytic framework based on multiagent systems to model and analyze different levels of cooperation and information exchange among multiple decision makers. The Zambezi River basin is used as a case study. According to the proposed agent‐based optimization approach, each agent represents a decision maker, whose decisions are defined by an explicit optimization problem considering only the agent's local interests. The economic value of information exchange is estimated comparing a noncooperative setting, where agents act independently, with the first basic level of cooperation, i.e., coordination, characterized by full information exchange. The economic value of cooperation is also estimated by comparison with the ideal, fully cooperative management of the system. Results show that coordination, obtained with complete information exchange, allows the downstream agents to better adapt to the upstream behaviors. The impact of information exchange depends on the objective considered, and we show coordination to be particularly beneficial to environmental interests.