Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tourism and Hospitality Marketing: A Global Perspective

Hospitality and Tourism ManagementMarketing Tourism and HospitalityHospitality MarketingChildren in Hospitality and TourismSocial Media Marketing in Tourism and HospitalityAdvances in Social Media for Travel, Tourism and HospitalityHospitality Marketing Management, 6th EditionManaging Tourism in South AfricaHandbook of LGBT Tourism and HospitalityHospitality Sales and MarketingHandbook of Hospitality Marketing ManagementMktg Of Hospitality & Tourism Serv.Best Practices in Hospitality and Tourism Marketing and ManagementMarketing Leadership in Hospitality and TourismHospitality and Travel MarketingSocial Media in Travel, Tourism and HospitalityHospitality Marketing and Consumer BehaviorMarketing for Tourism, Hospitality & EventsEmerging Innovative Marketing Strategies in the Tourism IndustryMarketing for Hospitality and TourismMarketing for Tourism and HospitalityTourism and Hospitality MarketingMarketing in Food, Hospitality, Tourism and EventsMarketing Research for the Tourism, Hospitality and Events IndustriesHospitality and Travel MarketingMarketing for Tourism and HospitalityMarketing Essentials in Hospitality and TourismMarketing for Hospitality and TourismHospitality MarketingMarketing for Tourism, Hospitality & EventsHandbook of Marketing Research Methodologies for Hospitality and TourismRoutledge Handbook of Hospitality MarketingHospitality, Travel, and Tourism: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and ApplicationsMarketing Communications in Tourism and HospitalityDigital Marketing Strategies for Tourism, Hospitality, and Airline IndustriesTourism Marketing in BangladeshWine, Food, and Tourism MarketingCross-Cultural Aspects of Tourism and HospitalityHospitality Marketing ManagementTourism and Hospitality Marketing
Stochastic L-BFGS Revisited: Improved Convergence Rates and Practical Acceleration Strategies

We revisit the stochastic limited-memory BFGS (L-BFGS) algorithm. By proposing a new framework for analyzing convergence, we theoretically improve the (linear) convergence rates and computational complexities of the stochastic L-BFGS algorithms in previous works. In addition, we propose several practical acceleration strategies to speed up the empirical performance of such algorithms. We also provide theoretical analyses for most of the strategies. Experiments on large-scale logistic and ridge regression problems demonstrate that our proposed strategies yield signiﬁcant improvements via-` a-vis competing state-of-the-art algorithms.
Misclassifying Core Expenses as Special Items: Cost of Goods Sold or Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses?

Prior classification shifting studies pool core expenses together and conclude that managers misclassify core expenses as income-decreasing special items to inflate reported core earnings (e.g., McVay 2006; Fan et al. 2010). Their core expense measure combines cost of goods sold (COGS) with selling, general and administrative expenses (SGA). This study models COGS and SGA separately and investigates the choice of COGS versus SGA misclassification that managers make to meet different profitability benchmarks. We find that when reported gross margin shows a small increase from four quarters ago, COGS (but not SGA) misclassification is more prominent. In comparison, both COGS and SGA misclassification are more prevalent when firms report small core earnings or small increases in core earnings and when actual earnings just meet or beat the analyst forecast in the fourth quarter. Moreover, our study sheds light on real activities management (RAM) research. Specifically, we find that managers engage in RAM of COGS to achieve the gross margin benchmark, but not core earnings benchmarks. For SGA, we show that unexpected SGA contain a significant expense misclassification effect, suggesting the importance to control for expense misclassification effect for future RAM research. Overall, our study extends prior expense management literature on both classification shifting and RAM.
An efficient framework for image interpolation using weighted surface approximation

Although it has been recognized that different textual contents in an image need to be treated differently during accurate image interpolation, how to classify these contents well has been a difficult problem due to the inherent complexity in natural images. In this paper we propose an efficient image interpolation framework with a novel weighted surface approximation approach. The key is that the weighted mean squared error of the approximation can be converted to a continuously distributed probability of a pixel belonging to a local smooth region or a textural one, thus essentially making a soft pixel classification. In addition, the fitted local surface provides an estimate of the pixel value under the smooth region assumption. This estimate is then fused with the estimate from the texture region assumption using the previously obtained probability to yield the final estimate. Experimental results show that the proposed framework consistently improves over typical state-of-the-art methods in terms of interpolation accuracy while maintaining comparable computational complexity.
Money and Inflation: Is Monetary Policy Useful?

type="main"> In this paper, we establish a connection between money growth and inflation identified under different monetary policy regimes using UK data. We study the (in)stability of this quantity theoretic relationship, and interpret it through the lens of a New Keynesian model of monetary policy with alternative policy rules. We document the implied instability of low-frequency correlations between money growth and inflation emerging as a result of differences in monetary policies epitomizing the UK experience since the 1970s. In general, we show that monetary policy regime shifts contribute to the breakdown of the quantity theoretic propositions. Our findings seem to lend support to related work for the US over the last century.
Uwe Junghanns, Leipzig

This paper examines an apparent deviation from the normal realization of neutral (= noncontrastive) focus in Slavic languages. By default, the focused constituent is placed at the right periphery of the clause (see section 2 for data). However, in some cases the focused constituent appears clause-initially or in a non-peripheral position (see sections 3 and 4). My claim is that the unusual position of the focus exponent in the relevant cases results from a special information-structuring strategy that I will call Rightward Backgrounding (RB). RB can be characterized as right adjunction of a copy of the entire clause to the CP and subsequent deletion of clausal material in both the source CP and its copy. The source CP ends up with the focused constituent at its right periphery, non-trivially obeying the default principle of focus realization (see below). Any material that remains in the copied CP belongs to the background and is pronounced with a distinguished low-flat intonation. There are two types of RB: (i) Maximal Rightward Backgrounding (MRB) and (ii) Partial Rightward Backgrounding (PRB). Whereas in the case of MRB only the focused constituent survives in the source CP, PRB is a combination of leftward and rightward backgrounding allowing some background material to undergo leftward movement. Consequently, one finds clause-initial focus exponents in the case of MRB and non-peripheral focus exponents in the case of PRB. The paper is organized as follows: In Section 2, I introduce focus-background structure as one of two binary distinctions that constitute the information structure of a clause. Rightperipheral placement of the focus exponent can be formulated as the default principle of focus realization in the Slavic languages. However, there are a number of problematic cases. Section 3 deals with one of those cases – RB. At the surface, the focused constituent appears clause-initially. I claim that this position results from a copy and deletion process that ensures that the default principle of focus realization is not violated. Intonation facts support the analysis that I develop. In section 4, I show that it is necessary to distinguish between two types of RB – maximal RB (MRB) and partial RB (PRB). Unlike MRB, PRB allows some material to precede the focused constituent, which makes it possible to realize a topic. Section 5 gives the conclusions of the paper.
Proceedings of the 2004 Texas Linguistics Society Conference : Issues at the Semantics – Pragmatics Interface

In all languages, sentences convey information that allows people to locate situations in time. Languages vary: some have tense and tense-like forms, others do not. I will suggest general pragmatic principles to account for how temporal location works in language. The principles have different realizations according to the forms that are syntactically obligatory in a given language. I will begin by introducing the general principles, in Section 1; Section 2 gives some necessary preliminaries to the analysis; Sections 3-5 discuss Mandarin Chinese, Navajo, and English; Section 6 concludes. In an appendix, I show how to formalize the analysis of Mandarin within the framework of Discourse Representation Theory.
Public & Private Spillovers, Location and the Productivity of Pharmaceutical Research

While there is widespread agreement among economists and management scholars that knowledge spillovers exist and have important economic consequences, researchers know substantially less about the "micro mechanisms" of spillovers -- about the degree to which they are geographically localized, for example, or about the degree to which spillovers from public institutions are qualitatively different from those from privately owned firms (Jaffe, 1986; Krugman, 1991; Jaffe et al., 1993; Porter, 1990). In this paper we make use of the geographic distribution of the research activities of major global pharmaceutical firms to explore the extent to which knowledge spills over from proximate private and public institutions. Our data and empirical approach allow us to make advances on two dimensions. First, by focusing on spillovers in research productivity (as opposed to manufacturing productivity), we build closely on the theoretical literature on spillovers that suggests that knowledge externalities are likely to have the most immediate impact on the production of ideas (Romer, 1986; Aghion & Howitt, 1997). Second, our data allow us to distinguish spillovers from public research from spillovers from private, or competitively funded research, and to more deeply explore the role that institutions and geographic proximity play in driving knowledge spillovers.
Efficient large Pearson correlation matrix computing using hybrid MPI/CUDA

The calculation of pairwise correlation coefficient on a dataset, known as the correlation matrix, is often used in data analysis, signal processing, pattern recognition, image processing, and bioinformatics. With the state-of-the-art Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) that consist of massive cores capable to do processing up to several Gflops, the calculation of correlation matrix can be accelerated several times over traditional CPUs. However, due to the rapid growth of the data in the digital era, the correlation matrix calculation becomes computing intensive which needs to be executed on multiple GPUs. As of now, GPUs are common components in data center at many institutions. Their GPU deployment tends towards a GPU cluster which each node is equipped with GPUs. In this paper, we propose a parallel computing based on the hybrid MPI/CUDA programming for fast and efficient Pearson correlation matrix calculation on GPU clusters. At coarse grain parallelism, the correlation matrix is partitioned into tiles which are distributed to execute concurrently on many GPUs using MPI. At fine grain level, the CUDA kernel function on each node performs massively parallel computing on a GPU. To balance load across all GPUs, we adopt the work pool model which there is a master node that manages tasks in the work pool and dynamically assign tasks to worker nodes. The result of the evaluation shows that the proposed work can ensure the load balance across different GPUs and thus gives better execution time than using a simple static data partitioning.
A study on hierarchical modular reinforcement learning for multi-agent pursuit problem based on relative coordinate states

In order to realize intelligent agent such as autonomous mobile robots, Reinforcement Learning is one of the necessary techniques in behavior control system. However, applying the reinforcement learning to actual sized problem, the “curse of dimensionality” problem in partition of sensory states should be avoided maintaining computational efficiency. In multi-agent reinforcement learning, the problem is emerged owing to the high dimensionality of each agent states. We apply the hierarchical modular reinforcement learning in order to deal with the dimensional problem and task decomposition. In this study, we focus on investigation of the learning performance of agent that represents the input states in relative coordinate system. We show effectiveness of proposed learning algorithm based on relative expressions with limited view through numerical experiments of the pursuit problem.
Multi-level Security for Deploying Distributed Applications on Clouds, Devices and Things

The deployment of the components of distributed systems is now often very dynamic - server-side components are virtualised so they can be dynamically deployed on a range of platforms including public and private clouds, while users expect to be able to install clients on devices from phones to tablets. This can introduce security problems that place data at risk. This paper describes a new method for modeling the security of a distributed application and generating the set of possible deployment options that meet the overall security requirements. The model encompasses the entities that influence the security of a distributed system: data, services networks and platforms (e.g. Clouds, devices and "things"). The paper describes the method and how it can be used to answer a range of security questions, using a set of case studies including federated clouds and mobile clients.
Energetics approach to predicting mortality risk from environmental stress: a case study of coral bleaching

1. Coral bleaching events, predicted to increase in frequency and severity as a result of climate change, are a threat to tropical coral-reef ecosystems worldwide. Although the onset of spatially extensive, or 'mass', bleaching events can be predicted using simple temperature stress metrics, no models are available for predicting coral mortality risk or sub-lethal stress associated with bleaching. Here, we develop a model that links the functional response of colony energy balance and energy store dynamics to coral mortality risk and recovery during and following bleaching events. 2. In a series of simulations using response functions and parameter values derived from experimental studies for two Indo-Pacific coral species (Acropora intermedia and Montipora monasteriata), we demonstrate that prior energy-costly disturbances and alternative energy sources are both important determinants of coral mortality risk during and following bleaching. 3. The timing of the onset of coral mass mortality is determined by a combination of bleaching severity (loss rate of photopigments), duration of the bleaching event, heterotrophy and the size of energy reserves (as lipid stores) before bleaching occurs. 4. Depending on initial energy reserves, model results showed that high rates of heterotrophy could delay the onset of coral mortality by up to three weeks. Survival following bleaching was also strongly influenced by remaining lipid reserves, rates of heterotrophy, and rates of photopigment (or symbiont) recovery. 5. Our results indicate that energy-costly disturbances and low availability of food, before and during bleaching events, respectively, work to increase bleaching-induced coral mortality risk for acroporid corals on Indo-Pacific reefs.
Quantum nucleation of vortex string loops.

We investigate quantum nucleation of vortex string loops in the relativistic quantum field theory of a complex scalar field by using the Euclidean path integral. Our initial metastable homogeneous field dominated by the $O(3)$ symmetric bounce solution. The nucleation rate and the critical vortex loop size are obtained approximately. Gradually the initial current will be reduced to zero as the induced current inside vortex loops is opposite to the initial current. We also discuss a similar process in Maxwell-Higgs systems and possible physical implications.
Materiality of connectivity in the networked society: A sociomaterial perspective

This paper contributes to an emerging discourse on the meaning of technology in today’s networked society by exploring connectivity as a hallmark of the networked society. Based on an empirical study of professionals, arguably the forerunners of the networked society, the paper seeks to answer how connectivity matters. Rich narratives from in-depth interviews reveal the diverse ways materiality of connectivity is experienced and performed in the work practices and private lives of professionals. These findings challenge existing conceptual treatments of connectivity as a technical, social, or socio-technical phenomenon, and offer empirical grounding for a novel theoretical view of connectivity. The proposed sociomaterial theoretical framework identifies four different modes of connectivity that explain how connectivity matters to individuals: as materially experienced and enacted in specific sociomaterial practices. As a novel and refined view of connectivity the sociomaterial framework is important for future research on connectivity in the networked society.
Child Feeding and Parenting Style Outcomes and Composite Score Measurement in the ‘Feeding Healthy Food to Kids Randomised Controlled Trial’

Child feeding practices and parenting style each have an impact on child dietary intake, but it is unclear whether they influence each other or are amenable to change. The aims of this study were to measure child feeding and parenting styles in the Feeding Healthy Food to Kids (FHFK) Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) and test a composite child feeding score and a composite parenting style score. Child feeding and parenting style data from 146 parent-child dyads (76 boys, aged 2.0–5.9 years) in the FHFK study were collected over a 12-month intervention. Parenting style was measured using parenting questions from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children and the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) was used to measure child feeding practices. Data for both measures were collected at baseline, 3 and 12 months and then modelled to develop a composite child feeding score and a parenting score. Multivariate mixed effects linear regression was used to measure associations between variables over time. All child feeding domains from the CFQ were consistent between baseline and 12 months (p < 0.001), except for monitoring (0.12, p = 0.44). All parenting style domain scores were consistent over 12 months (p < 0.001), except for overprotection (0.22, p = 0.16). A significant correlation (r = 0.42, p < 0.0001) existed between child feeding score and parenting style score within the FHFK RCT. In conclusion, composite scores have potential applications in the analysis of relationships between child feeding and dietary or anthropometric data in intervention studies aimed at improving child feeding or parenting style. These applications have the potential to make a substantial contribution to the understanding of child feeding practices and parenting style, in relation to each other and to dietary intake and health outcomes amongst pre-school aged children.
Treat-to-target trials: uses, interpretation and review of concepts

Treat‐to‐target trial designs compare investigational insulins with a standard insulin. Treat‐to‐target trials force‐titrate insulin dosages to achieve a prespecified treatment goal. With comparable glycaemic control, comparisons of safety endpoints such as hypoglycaemia can be made to establish the risk‐benefit profile of the new insulin. Glargine versus NPH showed comparable A1C reductions; however, A1C <7% without associated nocturnal hypoglycaemia was reached in more patients on glargine and overall hypoglycaemia was lower. Detemir versus glargine showed non‐inferiority between the groups; however, with less weight gain and more injection site reactions with detemir. Detemir/aspart versus glargine/aspart showed non‐inferiority between the treatments, however, with less weight gain in the detemir group but comparable risk of hypoglycaemia. Degludec in combination with aspart versus glargine/aspart showed comparable A1C reductions. However, degludec‐treated patients had less overall hypoglycaemia and less nocturnal hypoglycaemia. Because insulin titrations are guided by goal attainment with each treatment, treat‐to‐target trials enable clinicians to determine differences in non‐glycaemic treatment effects, such as rates of hypoglycaemia and weight gain, at the same level of glycaemic control.
Phosphorylation of the Hinge Domain of the Nuclear Hormone Receptor LRH-1 Stimulates Transactivation*

The nuclear receptor LRH-1 (NR5A2) functions to regulate expression of a number of genes associated with bile acid homeostasis and other liver functions, but mechanisms that modulate its activity remain unclear. We have found that mitogenic stimuli, including treatment with phorbol myristate (PMA), increase LRH-1 transactivation. This response maps to the hinge and ligand binding domains of LRH-1 and is blocked by the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126. LRH-1 is a phosphoprotein and hinge domain serine residues at 238 and 243 are required for effective phosphorylation, both in vitro and in cells. Preventing phosphorylation of these residues by mutating both to alanine decreases PMA-dependent LRH-1 transactivation and mimicking phosphorylation by mutation to positively charged aspartate residues increases basal transactivation. Although serine phosphorylation of the hinge of SF-1 (NR5A1), the closest relative of LRH-1, confers a similar response, the specific targets differ in the two closely related orphan receptors. These results define a novel pathway for the modulation of LRH-1 transactivation and identify specific LRH-1 residues as downstream targets of mitogenic stimuli. This pathway may contribute to recently described proliferative functions of LRH-1.
Invariant bilinear forms on a vertex algebra and the radical

In this paper we construct a linear space that parameterizes all invariant bilinear forms on a given vertex algebra with values in a arbitrary vector space. Also we prove that every invariant bilinear form on a vertex algebra is symmetric. This is a generalization of the result of H. Li [J. Pure and Appl. Algebra, 96(3):279-297, 1994], who proved this for the case when the vertex algebra is non-negatively graded and has finite dimensional homogeneous components. As an application, we introduce a notion of a radical of a vertex algebra. We prove that a radical-free vertex algebra A is non-negatively graded, and its component A_0 of degree 0 is a commutative associative algebra, so that all structural maps and operations on A are A_0-linear. We also show that in this case A is simple if and only if A_0 is a field.