Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conductive Mesh on Glass Rectennas for Space Ambient Power

Space solar power (SSP) is a widely explored concept that aims to use satellites to collect solar power and beam the energy back down to earth via a microwave link. A potential stepping-stone for large-scale SSP is space ambient power (SAP), in which power is beamed over a large area to provide low-level ambient energy for applications such as internet of things (IoT). In this work, we discuss a low power rectenna for IoT applications using transparent conductive mesh on glass. The transparent design permits unobtrusive deployment as well as colocation with resources dependent on sunlight, such as solar cells or agricultural land. The designed patch antenna operates at a frequency of 5.8 GHz and exhibits an impedance −10 dB bandwidth of 6.90% from 5.6 to 6.0 GHz in simulation. The antenna exhibits a maximum gain of 5.1 dBi, with a simulated efficiency of 76% and a broadside radiation pattern. The simulated rectifier circuit achieves a peak power conversion efficiency of 48% for 0 dBm input power.
Feasibility Study of Reduction in Sound-Pressure-Induced Vibration in Hard Disk Drives Using Adaptive Feed-Forward Control

In recent years, sound-pressure-induced positioning errors have become a critical issue in hard disk drives (HDDs) for data centers. As these positioning errors often contain components with frequencies higher than the servo bandwidth, we conducted a feasibility study of adaptive feed-forward (AFF) control to suppress the vibrations. By placing a sensor to detect the vibration on the pivot shaft, the correlation between the sensor signal and head vibration was obtained. The HDD with AFF control applied is assumed to have a dual-stage actuator system, where the secondary actuator (SA) compensates for the sound-pressure-induced positioning errors. Simulation results confirmed that the proposed control effectively suppressed the sound-pressure-induced vibrations.
Maximize Irrigation Amount Before Spraying with Hydrogen Cyanamide on Bud Behavior and Hormonal Content of Crimson Seedless Grape Cultivar

: This experiment was carried out during two successive seasons 2020and 2021 with a preliminary season 2019,in a private vineyard located at Berkash, Giza governorate on seven year-old Crimson Seedless grapevines grown in a sandy soil and trellised by Gable shaped-system were used in this investigation to study the effect of different levels of irrigation before spraying with Hydrogen Cyanamide of Crimson Seedless grape cultivar in terms of bud behavior and bud content of hormones, which include indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA ), cytokinin (CK) and abscisic acid (ABA). The vines were irrigated through drip irrigation 3 system and spaced 2 x 3 m. Vines were cane pruned during the second week of February with bud load of 72 buds/vine(6 canes x 12 bud/cane) Five different irrigation levels were applied based on the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) as follow: 0, 60, 100, 140 and 180% of ETo. All irrigation treatments were performed one day before spraying with Hydrogen Cyanamide. The study demonstrated that irrigation with 60% ETo before spraying with Hydrogen Cyanamide gave the best results in terms of obtaining the highest percentages of bud burst, fruitful buds and bud magnitude of IAA, GA and CK and the least bud magnitude of ABA 3 compared to the other irrigation levels, whereas water stress represented by the non-irrigated vines (0% ETo) resulted in the least percentages of bud burst, fruitful buds and bud magnitude of IAA, GA and CK and the 3 highest bud magnitude of ABA in both seasons. On the other hand, excessive irrigation water represented by vineyards irrigated with 100, 140 and 180% of ETo is useless due to the high cost, although its results are similar or less than the vineyards irrigated with 60% Eto.
Incentives in surveys ☆

Surveys typically use hypothetical questions to measure subjective and unverifiable concepts like happiness and quality of life. We test whether this is problematic using a large survey experiment on health and subjective well-being. We use Prelec ’ s Bayesian truth serum to incentivize the experiment and defaults to introduce biases in responses. Without defaults, the data quality was good and incentives had no impact. With defaults, incentives reduced default biases in the subjective well-being questions by inducing participants to spend more effort. Incentives had no impact on the health questions regardless of whether defaults were used. Hypothetical questions elicit hypothetical answers.
K-band Receiver on SiGe BiCMOS Technology for SatCom Phased Array Systems

This paper presents a K-band receiver composed of a Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA), a double balanced Gilbert cell Mixer and a X4 frequency multiplier for SatCom phased-array systems. The circuit has been designed exploiting the 130-nm SiGe:CBiCMOS technology and fully characterized. Measurement results show a conversion gain up to 44 dB with a minimum of 42 dB at 18 GHz, a minimum NF of 2.7 dB at 18 GHz, and an image rejection always better than 14 dB. This circuit is biased by using 2 V for LNA and LO-chain, and 3.3 V for the Mixer; it draws a total current of 126 mA divided in 8 mA for LNA, Sl mA for LO chain and 27 mA for Mixer. Total power consumption is 267 mW. The complete receiver occupies an area of 3030 $\mu$m× 1580$\mu$m pads included.
Analysis and Monitoring Method for Inter-Turn Short-Circuit Fault for PMSM

This article proposed a monitoring method for inter-turn short-circuit (ITSC) fault for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). This article analyzes the electromagnetic performance of PMSM under single-phase ITSC fault working condition. On this basis, a new diagnosis method for ITSC fault based on second ripple of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-axis and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-axis current is proposed. The presence or absence of second current ripple indicates whether ITSC occurs, and the amplitude of the second current ripple can be used to identify the severity of ITSC fault. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by both finite element analysis (FEA) and prototype experiment.
Transition Time of GaN HEMT Switches and its Dependence on Device Geometry

This paper presents the impact on the slow transition time of GaN HEMT switch transistor due to size and geometry. Measurements in the time domain are used to characterize the transition time of the switch from off to on. This is done for several switch transistors with variations on total gate width and number of fingers. In order to enable the comparison of transition times a figure of merit is established. This is achieved by using a commonly used model for trapping effects to quantify the amplitude of the slow transient with respect to the gate voltage. The resulting analysis indicates that transition time is sensitive to transistor size and dependent on the geometry of the device as increasing the width of the gate fingers is more advantageous compared to increasing the number of fingers.
Macro News and Stock Returns in the Euro Area: A VAR-GARCH-in-Mean Analysis

This paper analyses the effects of newspaper coverage of macro news on stock returns in eight countries belonging to the euro area (Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain) using daily data for the period 1994-2013. The econometric analysis is based on the estimation of a VAR-GARCH-in-mean model. The results can be summarised as follows. Positive (negative) news have significant positive (negative) effects on stock returns in all cases. Their volatility has a significant impact on both stock returns and volatility; specifically, an increase in news volatility is always associated with a decrease in stock returns. Markets are particularly responsive to negative news, and the reaction is bigger in the PIIGS countries, and during the recent crisis period.
A Novel Hybrid Shielding Method With Single-Source Active Topology and Efficiency Stability for Wireless Power Transfer

Single shielding methods, especially single-active and single-ferrite, are known to suffer from insufficient comprehensive performance in wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. To render the two single methods complement each other, a novel hybrid shielding method along with a parameter optimization strategy (POS) is proposed in this article. The hybrid shielding system is composed of single-source topology-integrated active suppression coils and adjustable ferrites. Two planar suppression coils are integrated into the compensation topology without an additional source. The suppression coil generates canceling flux and compensating flux, and its component directions are opposite to the leakage flux of the ferrite pad and consistent with the main flux magnetic circuit, respectively. The principles of the POS are explained and discussed based on the analysis of magnetic field and circuit theory. A 0.8 kW/85 kHz full-scale WPT prototype based on the proposed shielding method is fabricated, and its performance is experimentally verified. With the transmission efficiency not less than 91.5%, the proposed method improves the shielding performance by 23.47% on the transmitting side, 24.67% on the receiving side, and 23.2% on the lateral side, respectively.
Preparation of Fe–B/Epoxy Composite Films by the LbL-Assisted Composite Plating Method Using Epoxy-Coated Fe–B Ultrafine Particles

Metal–insulator composite films, including Fe–B ultrafine particles and insulating epoxy films, were synthesized by the layer-by-layer (LbL)-assisted composite plating method. In this method, charged magnetic ultrafine particles were attracted to the cathode by electrostatic force simultaneously with the deposition of insulating epoxy thin film. To suppress the oxidation of Fe–B ultrafine particles in the reaction aqueous solution for Fe–B/epoxy composite film deposition, Fe–B ultrafine particles were coated with epoxy by using the electroless plating method. It was clear that epoxy coating on Fe–B ultrafine particles effectively prevents oxidation. The film deposited using epoxy-coated Fe–B ultrafine particles exhibited a smoother film surface than those obtained using uncoated Fe–B ultrafine particles. However, the highest amount of Fe–B content obtained in the deposited film was approximately 36 vol.% using Fe–B ultrafine particles with a concentration of 1.0 g/L.
Ultra-exible trilaminar aramid �ber based ANF(Ag/Fe3O4-CNT/rGO) hybrid membrane for high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding

With the proliferation of modern integrated electronic and telecommunication systems, high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with �exibility, outstanding thermal conductive properties and superior EMI shielding performances are designed to solve the problems of electromagnetic radiation and heat accumulation. Herein, �exible asymmetric trilaminar architecture �lm with good mechanical properties is prepared via the facile three-step vacuum-assisted �ltration (VAF) followed by hot-pressing approach, which is composed of silver-plated aramid nano�bers (ANF-Ag), ANF-Fe 3 O 4 &CNT (ANF-FC) and ANF-reduced graphene oxide (ANF-rGO) layers. The conductive ANF-Ag and ANF-rGO layers acted as the EMI shielding, thermal conductive layers, and supporting substrate layers. The magnetic ANF-FC layer played the role in synergistically enhancing the EMI shielding performance. The resultant �exible and asymmetric trilaminar hybrid membrane exhibited maximum thermal conductivity of 8.5 W·m -1 K -1 and EMI SE of 67.5 dB, but also maintained a high tensile strength of 75.5 MPa and superb electrical conductivity of 2.46×10 6 S/m. This asymmetric trilaminar structures �lm holds great promise to addresses issues of electromagnetic radiation and heat accumulation for personal smart electronic devices, wearable electronics, electronic telecommunication systems.
Video Sentiment Analysis for Child Safety

The proliferation of online video content underscores the critical need for effective sentiment analysis, particularly in safeguarding children from potentially harmful material. This research addresses this concern by presenting a multimodal analysis method for assessing video sentiment, categorizing it as either positive (child-friendly) or negative (potentially harmful). This method leverages three key components: text analysis, facial expression analysis, and audio analysis, including music mood analysis, resulting in a comprehensive sentiment assessment. Our evaluation results validate the effectiveness of this approach, making significant contributions to the field of video sentiment analysis and bolstering child safety measures. This research serves as a valuable resource for those seeking to employ sentiment analysis to protect children from harmful content within the dynamic landscape of video content. Furthermore, our work offers insights into the current state of the art, highlighting the recent advancements, possible improvements, and future directions in video sentiment analysis.
V- and W-band GaN MMIC Switches

This paper presents the design and measured continuous wave (CW) performance of several V- and W-band GaN MMIC HEMT switches in the HRL T340 nm T-gate process. Several shunt switch types are designed and characterized in small and large signal operation. A SPST switch achieves 0. 9-2.2dB of insertion loss from 60 to 100 GHz with 30 dB isolation. Two SPDT switches are compared: one with a single shunt HEMT achieving 1-1. 5dB of insertion loss from 65 to 105 GHz with 20 dB isolation, and the other with two shunt HEMTs showing 1. 7-6dB insertion loss from 60 to 105 GHz with 35 dB of isolation. A SP4T with double shunt HEMTs in each branch attains an insertion loss of 3.7-7.5 from 50-105 GHz with up to 40dB of isolation in one of two symmetrical branches. The switches are measured with incident power from 0 to 20dBm at 92 GHz with no signs of compression. Nonlinear simulations agree with measurements within the available testing power range, and indicate a 1-dB compression point above 40 dBm for the SPST.
Torque Performance Enhancement for Hybrid PM Motor Considering Magnet Characteristic Difference and Variation

In this article, for the hybrid permanent magnet (HPM) motor using multipermanent magnet (PM) materials as excitation sources, considering the characteristic difference and coupling effect between magnet materials, a preliminary design of the hybrid PMs is presented to improve the PM utilization and the superposition rate of torque components. Besides, according to the magnet characteristic variation under different operation conditions of the motor, a multiobjective variable condition weighted optimization design method is carried out to further improve the torque performance, efficiency, and anti-demagnetization capability of the HPM motor.
Design Optimization Using Asymmetric Rotor in IPMSM for Torque Ripple Reduction Considering Forward and Reverse Directions

In the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), an asymmetric rotor is used as a design method to reduce torque ripple or cogging torque by adjusting the saturation of the rotor core. The advantage of an asymmetric rotor is that it can reduce torque ripple or cogging torque in the forward direction while maintaining the average torque or output power. However, when driving in the reverse direction, the torque ripple or cogging torque can be increased. Therefore, the asymmetric rotor produces different characteristics in the forward and reverse directions. In this study, the asymmetric rotor shape is designed using an optimization technique taking into consideration the rotating direction. The optimum design is performed based on the symmetric rotor as the base model. When rotating in the forward direction, the asymmetric rotor has a lower torque ripple than the symmetric rotor, and when rotating in the reverse direction, the asymmetric and symmetric rotors are designed to be similar. The kriging surrogate model was used to determine the optimum design point that satisfied the constraints. Finally, a symmetric and asymmetric rotor was manufactured and evaluated through tests.
Realization of Different Anisotropy Direction for Each Thin-Film Magnetoimpedance Element on the Same Substrate

In this study, we have attempted to realize different magnetic anisotropy locally on the same substrate, i.e., different directions of the easy axis in each area by combining simple Joule heating (J. H.) and the application of a magnetic field with permanent magnets. Orthogonal arranged thin-film magnetoimpedance elements were fabricated on the same substrate, and the easy axis was successfully induced parallel to the width direction of each element, respectively. Each element shows the double-peak impedance profiles after J. H. which is important to obtain a higher sensitive magnetic field sensor. The results enable local anisotropy control, which has been difficult to realize previously and contribute to the integration of multifunctional thin-film magnetic devices on a substrate.
Fully Integrated Built-In Self Test of Millimeter-Wave LNA based on Avalanche Noise Diodes in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS Technology

This contribution demonstrates, for the first time, on-chip Built-In Self Test (BIST) circuits based on avalanche noise diodes, a class of devices that are recently developed up to millimeter-waves in commercial Si technologies. The proposed BIST is constituted by a Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA) integrated with an avalanche p-i-n diode. The LNA has two equal channels that can be enabled independently. The first channel is connected to the input pads and, when active, the circuit operates as a standard LNA. The second channel, instead, is tied to the noise diode through a coupling capacitor and a 6-dB resistive attenuator. If the second channel is selected, the LNA works in self-test mode. As a consequence, the LNA gain and noise figure can be determined by switching on and off the integrated noise source and measuring the output noise power in these two conditions. The fabricated LNA (14.4-dB gain and 3.8-dB noise figure) is based on a 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS technology and operates between 20 and 30 GHz, i.e., in a frequency band compatible with 5G services. The integrated noise source (avalanche p-i-n diode with attenuator) has an Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) of about 17 dB at 30 GHz when biased with a 4 mA current. Experiments shows that measurements from the input pads (LNA mode) agree with those using the internal noise source (BIST mode) within 0.7 dB for gain and 1.3 dB for noise figure.
effects of acute leucine or leucine– glutamine co-ingestion on recovery from eccentrically biased

This study investigated the effects of leucine or leucine + glutamine supplementation on recovery from eccentric exercise. In a double-blind independent groups design, 23 men were randomly assigned to a leucine (0.087 g/kg; n = 8), leucine + glutamine (0.087 g/kg + glutamine 0.3 g/kg; n = 8) or placebo (0.3 g/kg maltodextrin; n = 7) group. Participants performed 5 sets of drop jumps, with each set comprising 20 repetitions. Isometric knee-extensor strength, counter-movement jump (CMJ) height, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and creatine kinase (CK) were measured at baseline, 1 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post-exercise. There was a time × group interaction for isometric strength, CMJ and CK ( P < 0.05), with differences between the leucine + glutamine and placebo group at 48 h and 72 h for strength ( P = 0.013; d = 1.43 and P < 0.001; d = 2.06), CMJ ( P = 0.008; d = 0.87 and P = 0.019; d = 1.17) and CK at 24 h ( P = 0.012; d = 0.54) and 48 h ( P = 0.010; d = 1.37). The leucine group produced higher strength at 72 h compared to placebo ( P = 0.007; d = 1.65) and lower CK at 24 h ( P = 0.039; d = 0.63) and 48 h ( P = 0.022; d = 1.03). Oral leucine or leucine + glutamine increased the rate of recovery compared to placebo after eccentric exercise. These findings highlight potential benefits of co-ingesting these amino acids to ameliorate recovery.
Laser Vision: Lidar as a Transformative Tool to Advance Critical Laser Vision: Lidar as a Transformative Tool to Advance Critical Zone Science Zone Science

Observation and quantiﬁcation of the Earth’s surface is undergoing a revolutionary change due to the increased spatial resolution and extent afforded by light detection and ranging (lidar) technology. As a consequence, lidar-derived information has led to fundamental discoveries within the individual disciplines of geomorphology, hydrology, and ecology. These disciplines form the cornerstones of critical zone (CZ) science, where researchers study how interactions among the geosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere shape and maintain the “zone of life”, which extends from the top of unweathered bedrock to the top of the vegetation canopy. Fundamental to CZ science is the development of transdisciplinary theories and tools that transcend disciplines and inform other’s work, capture new levels of complexity, and create new intellectual outcomes and spaces. Researchers are just beginning to use lidar data sets to answer synergistic, transdisciplinary questions in CZ science, such as how CZ processes co-evolve over long timescales and interact over shorter timescales to create thresholds, shifts in states and ﬂuxes of water, energy, and carbon. The objective of this review is to elucidate the transformative potential of lidar for CZ science to simultaneously allow for quantiﬁca-tion of topographic, vegetative, and hydrological processes. A review of 147 peer-reviewed lidar studies highlights a lack of lidar applications for CZ studies as 38 % of the studies were focused in geomorphology, 18 % in hydrology, 32 % in ecology, and the remaining 12 % had an interdisciplinary focus
An Additively Manufactured CPW-back-fed Wideband Circularly-Polarized Radix Metasurface Patch Antenna for X-Band Space Applications

As the space industry focuses more on low-cost small satellite platforms than large spacecraft, it is essential to develop antenna solutions compatible with small form factors such as the one-unit standards. Furthermore, additive manufacturing enables high-performance ad-hoc fabrication of space antennas with greater degrees of freedom in the geometry. A circularly polarized metasurface patch antenna is designed, manufactured, and tested for wideband X-Band applications. The co-planar waveguide (CPW)-back-fed metasurface patch antenna in this work is additively manufactured using digital light processing (DLP) and micro-dispending process for the Rogers RadixTM and Novacentrix HPS-FG57B conductive paste, respectively. The metasurface is comprised of truncated patches with engineered sizes and relative placement for wideband and polarization control purposes. The antenna shows a measured −10dB impedance bandwidth of 63% and a simulated 3dB axial ratio (AR) and peak gain of 12% and 7.7 dBi, respectively.
Performance Improvement of Rare-Earth Free High-Speed Multilayer IPMSM Using Dual-Phase Magnetic Material

This article proposes the performance improvement of the rare-earth free high-speed multilayer (ML) interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) by using the dual-phase magnetic material (DPMM). To ensure mechanical stability, ML IPMSM should have many bridges. However, in the bridges, a significant leakage flux generates, and due to this, the performance of the motor is decreased. Since the DPMM has magnetic and non-magnetic phases, to solve this problem, the non-magnetic phase is applied to the bridges of ML IPMSM. Through it, the leakage flux is decreased, and the performance improvement of the motor is achieved. In this article, the electrical parameters, torque, and efficiency are compared using finite element analysis (FEA) for the motor with and without the DPMM. Finally, to verify the proposed method, the load test is conducted.