Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Which On-Chip Interconnection Network for 16-core MPSoCs?

On-chip interconnection networks (OCINs) in many-core systems are key to the system’s performance scalability. OCIN design constraints are governed by power, cost, latency, ease of routing, as well as others. As chips with 16 cores are around the corner, we focus on 16-core systems and consider 9 OCINs for 16-core MPSoCs. A key requirement of real time embedded systems is dependable timeliness. This directly translates into primarily, low diameter, and secondary, average distance requirements. As these are immediately linked to the network’s topology in general, and the node degree and total link cost in particular, we also monitor the node degree and total link cost. For these 9 OCINs, we derive their diameters, average delays, node degrees, and total link costs. We compare these OCINs with respect to these network attributes in an attempt to identify the most suitable OCIN for 16-core MPSoC systems.
A Square Loop Frequency Selective Surface for Designing Secure Electromagnetic Buildings

This paper focuses on the use frequency selective surfaces to design a secure electromagnetic building where there is a need to control a mobile phone's signal in/out of the building. A reconfigurable FSS is simulated using square metallic loop which shows an attenuation of -30dB. The varactor diodes in this design can impair mobile phone signal at lower attenuation level. For controlling the power levels in the secure buildings and depending upon the level of attenuation, non-specular diffraction is accessed in order to determine its impact on system performance. Non-specular scattering technique will become important for Non Line Of Site transmission where diffraction can be significant. On the basis of current researches, a double layer frequency selective surface is designed and simulated to increase the angular stability of the system.
Yellow Rust Epidemics Worldwide Were Caused by Pathogen Races from Divergent Genetic Lineages

We investigated whether the recent worldwide epidemics of wheat yellow rust were driven by races of few clonal lineage(s) or populations of divergent races. Race phenotyping of 887 genetically diverse Puccinia striiformis isolates sampled in 35 countries during 2009–2015 revealed that these epidemics were often driven by races from few but highly divergent genetic lineages. PstS1 was predominant in North America; PstS2 in West Asia and North Africa; and both PstS1 and PstS2 in East Africa. PstS4 was prevalent in Northern Europe on triticale; PstS5 and PstS9 were prevalent in Central Asia; whereas PstS6 was prevalent in epidemics in East Africa. PstS7, PstS8 and PstS10 represented three genetic lineages prevalent in Europe. Races from other lineages were in low frequencies. Virulence to Yr9 and Yr27 was common in epidemics in Africa and Asia, while virulence to Yr17 and Yr32 were prevalent in Europe, corresponding to widely deployed resistance genes. The highest diversity was observed in South Asian populations, where frequent recombination has been reported, and no particular race was predominant in this area. The results are discussed in light of the role of invasions in shaping pathogen population across geographical regions. The results emphasized the lack of predictability of emergence of new races with high epidemic potential, which stresses the need for additional investments in population biology and surveillance activities of pathogens on global food crops, and assessments of disease vulnerability of host varieties prior to their deployment at larger scales.
Some myths about famous mutual exclusion algorithms

Dekker's algorithm[9] is the historically first software solution to mutual exclusion problem for 2-process case. The first software solution for n-process case was subsequently proposed by Dijkstra[8]. These two algorithms have become de facto examples of mutual exclusion algorithms, for their historical importance. Since the publication of Dijkstra's algorithm, there have been many solutions proposed in the literature [24, 1, 2]. In that, Peterson's algorithm [21] is one among the very popular algorithms. Peterson's algorithm has been extensively analyzed for its elegance and compactness. This paper attempts to dispel the myths about some of the properties of these three remarkable algorithms, by a systematic analysis.
Open arterial revascularization of the critically ischemic foot using arterial homograft.

BACKGROUND Revascularization alternatives for patients with critical limb ischemia and without adequate autogenous vein remain challenging. We reviewed our experience with the use of arterial homograft as a conduit for limb salvage in patients with limb ischemia and active lower extremity infections. METHODS A retrospective review of patients who underwent open arterial revascularization of the lower extremity with cryopreserved femoral artery homograft for the treatment of symptomatic critical limb ischemia (i.e., foot ulceration, infection, or gangrene) during an 18-month period was performed. Relevant clinical variables and treatment outcomes were analyzed. Clinical success was defined as limb salvage for one year, patency of the reconstruction, and wound healing. RESULTS Thirteen patients (5 men; average age 71 +/- 83 years, range 51-87 years) were treated during this study period. Treatment indications included 10 (77%) foot ulcerations, 2 (15%) critically ischemic limbs without ulceration, and 1 (8%) infected polytetrafluoroethylene bypass graft with acute occlusion and limb ischemia. A femoral below-the-knee popliteal bypass was performed in 4 (1%), femoral to anterior tibial artery in 4 (31%), femoral to posterior tibial artery in 3 (23%), and femoral to peroneal artery in 2 (15%). All 13 limbs were preserved. Minor amputations were performed in 6 patients, 2 underwent toe amputations and 4 patients had a trans-metatarsal amputation. The cumulative patency rate at 6, 9, and 18 months was 92.3%, 70.3%, and 58.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION Open arterial revascularization with arterial femoral homograft is an acceptable treatment method in patients with critical limb ischemia and active infection in whom autogenous vein is not available or the use of a synthetic conduit is not possible.
Predictor Factors Associated with Premarital Sexual Behaviors Among University Students in an Islamic Culture

ABSTRACT We examined premarital sexual behaviors among Turkish university students and the predictor factors for these behaviors. The study included 638 eligible students (256 women and 382 men). Masturbation was reported by 53.3% of the participants, and sexual intercourse experience was reported by 26.3%. Men, heterosexual orientation, and non-religious/liberal religiosity were predictor factors for masturbation and premarital sexual intercourse/foreplay experience. Men having more sexual experiences than women may indicate gender double standards, while heterosexual orientation as a predictor of sexual behaviors could relate to homophobia, still prominent in Turkey. These findings highlight Islam's restrictive attitude towards sexuality despite continued Western influences.
Situated conceptualization: a framework for multimodal interaction (keynote)

One way of construing brain organization is as a collection of neural systems that processes the components of a situation in parallel, including its setting, agents, objects, self-relevance, internal states, actions, outcomes, etc. In a given situation, each situational component is conceptualized individually, as when components of eating in a kitchen are conceptualized as kitchen (setting), diner (agent), food (food), hunger (internal state), and chewing (action). In turn, global concepts integrate these individual conceptualizations into larger structures that conceptualize the situation as a whole, such as eating and meal. From this perspective, a situated conceptualization is a distributed record of conceptual processing in a given situation, across all the relevant component systems each distributed throughout the brain. On later occasions, when cued by something in the external or internal environment, a situated conceptualization becomes active to simulate the respective situation in its absence, producing multimodal pattern-completion inferences that guide situated action (e.g., activating a situated conceptualization to simulate and control eating). From this perspective, the concept that represents a category, such as kitchen or eating, is the collection of situated conceptualizations that has accumulated from processing the category across situations, similar to exemplar theories. The utility of situated conceptualization as a general theoretical construct is illustrated for situated action, social priming, social mirroring, emotion, and appetitive behaviors, as well as for habits and individual differences.
Canadian Economics Research on Immigration Through the Lens of Theories of Justice

We assess the current state of knowledge in the economics of immigration and consider how economic theories of knowledge can be used to further the goal of developing a just immigration policy. In the process, we highlight the contributions of economists working in Canada and Canadian economists internationally in furthering our understanding of this important research area. We identify research gaps such as the need for more research on the underlying causes of the poor returns to foreign work experience for immigrants from non-traditional source countries and the effect of immigrants on stimulating innovation. More research is also needed on the implications of temporary foreign worker (TFW) programs and the growing importance of employers in immigrant selection systems.
Messages with implicit destinations as mobile agents

Applications running over decentralized systems, distribute their computation on nodes/agents, which exchange data and services through messages. In many cases, the provenance of the data or service is not relevant, and applications can be optimized by choosing the most efficient solution to obtain them. We introduce a framework which allows messages with intensional destination, which can be seen as restricted mobile agents, specifying the desired service but not the exact node that carries it, leaving to the system the task of evaluating the extensional destination, that is an explicit address for that service. The intensional destinations are defined using queries that are evaluated by other agents while routing. We introduce the Questlog language, which allows to reformulate queries, and express complex strategies to pull distributed data. In addition, intensional addresses offer persistency to dynamic systems with nodes/agents leaving the system. We demonstrate the approach with examples taken from sensor networks, and show some experimental results on the QuestMonitor platform.
Learning Destinations : The complexity of tourism development

Our world is becoming increasingly complex, and is rapidly changingwith distances being reduced. Societies today are also in atransition from traditional production industries to increasingreliance on communication, consumption, services and experience. Asone of these emerging ‘new industries’, tourism is part of thismovement. Globalisation also makes further development of tourismpossible through, amongst other things, the spreading of languages;the development of low-cost carriers; international monetary systems;telecommunications and other technological innovations. Tourismcontributes to the globalisation of society and at the same time is aproduct of it. This is confirmed by complexity theories that stressthe systematic and dynamic nature of globalisation and theinterdependence of the global and the local. Hence, in this thesis,it is argued that acknowledging the complexity of tourism isnecessary for understanding tourism development, and more knowledgeabout tourism also leads to greater knowledge of our society.The main aim of this thesis is to understand the complexity of localand regional tourist destination development, by exploring social andcultural factors that influence this development. In order to fulfilthis aim, analysis has been conducted at three different levels:places, projects and people. More specifically, by examining placesand how they develop as destinations; investigating the structure of,and processes within, groups and networks important for destinationdevelopment and by exploring the roles, resources and attitudes ofenterprising people who are seen as key for development. The thesisis based on a research project including three studies of tourismdestinations and projects in Northern Sweden and Scotland.The social and cultural factors connected to tourism development arein turn part of learning processes, which in this thesis are seen asfundamental mechanisms for processes of development. A frameworkcalled ‘Learning Destinations’ is introduced that demonstrates howimportant social and cultural factors manifest themselves at each ofthe three levels: places, projects and people. History and heritageand rationales are the main cultural factors discussed, whilstinteraction and boundaries are prominent social factors found toinfluence tourism development. It is suggested that the framework of‘Learning Destinations’ may serve as a tool for understanding thecomplexity of local and regional tourism development.
N ov 2 00 2 Baryonic Corrections to Superpotentials from Perturbation Theory

We study the corrections induced by a baryon vertex to the superpotential of SQCD with gauge group SU(N) and N quark flavors. We first compute the corrections order by order using a standard field theory technique and derive the corresponding glueball superpotential by “integrating in” the glueball field. The structure of the corrections matches with the expectations from the recently introduced perturbative techniques. We then compute the first non-trivial contribution using this new technique and find exact quantitative agreement. This involves cancellations between diagrams that go beyond the planar approximation. Important progress has recently been made in computing the glueball superpotentials for a very large class of N = 1 gauge theories. In [1], Dijkgraaf and Vafa have proposed a simple technique for computing the effective superpotential for the glueball field S = − 1 32π trW Wα by using a matrix model. This conjecture has more recently been proven in the work of [2] where it was shown that the matrix model technique gives the right result for a class of theories admitting a planar expansion a la ’t Hooft [3]. Namely, for theories with adjoint matter, only planar (closed) diagrams contribute. The conjecture can be extended to include matter in the fundamental representation [4]. As long as there are fields in the adjoint the topological expansion is still possible, taking also into account planar diagrams with one boundary. However, the work of [2] went further than the matrix model analogy and gave a general expression for the glueball superpotential in terms of a field theory of chiral superfields even in the case where the usual planar expansion is invalid. It is the scope of this note to use and test this more general formula in the physically interesting case of SQCD (i.e. without adjoint matter). The first non-trivial interaction that can be added to the bare superpotential is a baryon vertex in a N = 1 gauge theory with gauge group SU(Nc) and Nf = Nc ≡ N quark flavors. Although the structure of the interaction does not allow for a planar expansion we show, to first non-trivial order, that a cancellation similar to the one taking place in [2] also occurs here pointing to a larger range of applicability of the new techniques. We consider a SU(N) gauge theory with N quark flavors and a tree level superpotential Wtree = mtrQQ̃ + bdetQ + b̃ det Q̃. (1) The quark fields Q and Q̃ are considered as N × N matrices and given the same bare mass m. The coupling constants of the baryon vertices are denoted by b and b̃. The meson and baryon operators are thus M j i = Q a i Q̃ j a, B = det Q, B̃ = det Q̃. (2) Before adding Wtree, the theory has N massless quarks and holomorphic scale Λ̂. At the quantum level, there is no effective superpotential but the moduli space receives corrections [5]. After we add Wtree and integrate out the massive fields, the theory at low energies is pure Super Yang-Mills with holomorphic scale Λ given by Λ3 = mΛ̂2.
Measuring Structural Complexity on Coral Reefs

Structural complexity on coral reefs has been shown to positively influence several measures of biodiversity, and is thus an important ecological variable. The dominant field method used by reef scientists to measure structural complexity is the chain-and-tape method, which produces a measure of rugosity calculated as the ratio of contour–following vs. straight distance between two points on the reef. Expanding on this method, we developed simple and easy-to-use tools to measure rugosity at four spatial scales for a range of typical coral reef structures, and also used the data to calculate fractal dimensions at three intermediate scales. We show that measures of structural complexity change unpredictably across spatial scales, and illustrate that typical coral reef structures are too complex for any single measure to function as a comprehensive index of structure over a range of scales. This illustrates that considerations of spatial scale are important when measuring structural complexity, and that the smallest scale obtainable with current remote sensing technology and methods is not directly related to the scale used in most studies of fish ecology. We also illustrate that the fractal dimension measure is more closely related to human intuitive perception of structural complexity than is rugosity, though we are unable to test its value in fish ecology with our current dataset. Future research will relate fish body size to the scale of reef structural complexity, and develop remote sensing-based methods to map structural complexity over large spatial extents.
THE GEOMETRY OF TORIC VARIETIES

ContentsIntroductionChapter I. Affine toric varieties § 1. Cones, lattices, and semigroups § 2. The definition of an affine toric variety § 3. Properties of toric varieties § 4. Differential forms on toric varietiesChapter II. General toric varieties § 5. Fans and their associated toric varieties § 6. Linear systems § 7. The cohomology of invertible sheaves § 8. Resolution of singularities § 9. The fundamental groupChapter III. Intersection theory § 10. The Chow ring § 11. The Riemann-Roch theorem § 12. Complex cohomologyChapter IV. The analytic theory § 13. Toroidal varieties § 14. Quasi-smooth varieties § 15. Differential forms with logarithmic polesAppendix 1. Depth and local cohomologyAppendix 2. The exterior algebraAppendix 3. DifferentialsReferences
Phosphorization-synthesized virtual substrates for low-cost high efficiency III-V photovoltaics

The use of the low-cost vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) crystal growth method in the manufacturing of III-V solar cell substrates has the potential to provide a lightweight, flexible, and cheaper alternative to traditional epitaxial-based substrates typical of state-of-the-art power generation technology. In this work, the VLS method is used to produce high-quality poly-crystalline indium phosphide (InP) on lightweight flexible metal foils. This novel method is expanded upon by growing materials with unique lattice constants. Compositions of Inx Ga1-xP are explored to target the lattice constant (5.8 Å) identified as a promising candidate for surpassing 50% efficiency at 30 suns. X-ray diffraction results of preliminary trials verify the presence of InP and the absence of In confirming full phosphorization of In into InP. The photoluminescence spectra shows a correlation between the VLS grown InP sample and single crystal InP, both emitting at the InP bandedge of 1.337 eV.
Cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 increases perikaryal neurofilament phosphorylation and inhibits neurofilament axonal transport in response to oxidative stress

Cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) phosphorylates the high molecular weight neurofilament (NF) protein. Overexpression of cdk5 inhibits NF axonal transport and induces perikaryal accumulation of disordered phospho‐NF cables. Experimental and clinical motor neuron disease is characterized by oxidative stress, increased cdk5 activity, and accumulation of phospho‐NFs within perikarya or proximal axons. Because oxidative stress increases cdk5 activity in experimental motor neuron disease, we examined whether oxidative stress induced cdk5‐mediated NF phosphorylation. Treatment of cultured neuronal cells with hydrogen peroxide inhibited axonal transport of green fluorescent protein‐tagged NF subunits and induced perikaryal accumulation of NF phosphoepitopes normally confined to axons. These effects were prevented by treatment with the cdk5 inhibitor roscovitine or transfection with a construct expressing the endogenous cdk5 inhibitor peptide. These findings indicate that oxidative stress can compromise NF dynamics via hyperactivation of cdk5 and suggest that antioxidants may alleviate multiple aspects of neuropathology in motor neuron disease. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential Transcriptional Activation by Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax Mutants Is Mediated by Distinct Interactions with CREB Binding Protein and p300

ABSTRACT The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax protein transforms human T lymphocytes, which can lead to the development of adult T-cell leukemia. Tax transformation is related to its ability to activate gene expression via the ATF/CREB and the NF-κB pathways. Transcriptional activation of these pathways is mediated by the actions of the related coactivators CREB binding protein (CBP) and p300. In this study, immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy were used to localize CBP and p300 in cells expressing wild-type Tax or Tax mutants that are able to selectively activate gene expression from either the NF-κB or ATF/CREB pathway. Wild-type Tax colocalized with both CBP and p300 in nuclear bodies which also contained ATF-1 and the RelA subunit of NF-κB. However, a Tax mutant that selectively activates gene expression from only the ATF/CREB pathway colocalized with CBP but not p300, while a Tax mutant that selectively activates gene expression from only the NF-κB pathway colocalized with p300 but not CBP. In vitro and in vivo protein interaction studies indicated that the integrity of two independent domains of Tax delineated by these mutants was involved in the direct interaction of Tax with either CBP or p300. These studies are consistent with a model in which activation of either the NF-κB or the ATF/CREB pathway by specific Tax mutants is mediated by distinct interactions with related coactivator proteins.
Atrial fibrillation: current knowledge and recommendations for management. Working Group on Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology.

Atrial fibrillation, a commonly encountered arrhythmia, has in recent years, been the subject of increased interest and intensive clinical research. There is also increasing awareness that atrial fibrillation is a major cause of embolic events which in 75% of cases are complicated by cerebrovascular accidents[1,2]. Atrial fibrillation is often associated with heart disease but a significant proportion of patients (about 30%) have no detectable heart disease[3]. Symptoms, occasionally disabling, haemo-dynamic impairment and a decrease in life expectancy are among the untoward effects of atrial fibrillation, resulting in an important morbidity, mortality and an increased cost for the health care provider[4]. The Working Group of Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology created a Study Group on Atrial Fibrillation in order to establish recommen-dations for the better management of this arrhythmia and to promote multicentre studies. The purpose of this paper is to briefly outline the state of our knowledge on the clinical presentation, the causes, the mechanisms and therapeutic approaches currently available and to propose recommendations for management. Although atrial flutter can coexist with atrial fibrillation, it is considered a different arrhythmia and will not be covered in the present paper.