Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pollution Prevention study using Remote Sensing and GIS: A model study from visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh

The present Studies Involves to develop a base line data and existing environmental conditions to the GIS database to holistically assess and manage environmental and non-environmental resources used by Industrial investors and other land and water users. The implementation of the Geographical Information System (GIS) will bring positive benefits through the generation of information and creation of digital databases with information on Air, Water Quality, Health and Hygiene and streamlines the decision making process. IRSP6, LISS-IV geo coded Remote sensing Satellite data and top sheets from Survey of India (SOI) are acquired for primary analysis. The present study has been carried out in nine (9) mandals namely Nakkapalli ,Elamanchilli,S. Rayavaram, Achchutapuram, Rambilli, Anakapalle, Munagapaka, Kasimkota, Paravada of Visakhapatnam District, covering an area of 1355 Sq.km. The study area is located between north latitudes 17° 19’ and 17° 46’”and east longitudes 82°35’ and 83°10’ and is covered in the survey of India topographical map numbers 56H65 K/10,11,13,14,15M 65 O/1 and 2. Using Visual Interpretation technique different thematic maps are prepared like land use/land cover, base map, village information, drainage maps These thematic maps were scanned and digitized using AutoCAD and converted into GIS. Topology is created by linking the spatial data file and attribute data file. GIS overlay analysis derived maps like surface water Table, surface water use, surface water quality, was carried out to find out the above parameters pollution lodes in the study area, Finally integrating of the all the above maps sensitive zone maps has developed. This kind of studies is very useful for Pollution Prevention in industrial areas and also useful for the planners decision makers for management and monitoring of industrial areas.
The cosmological analysis of X-ray cluster surveys – I. A new method for interpreting number counts

We present a new method aimed at simplifying the cosmological analysis of X-ray cluster surveys. It is based on purely instrumental observable quantities considered in a two-dimensional X-ray colour–magnitude diagram (hardness ratio versus count rate). The basic principle is that even in rather shallow surveys, substantial information on cluster redshift and temperature is present in the raw X-ray data and can be statistically extracted; in parallel, such diagrams can be readily predicted from an ab initio cosmological modelling. We illustrate the methodology for the case of a 100-deg2XMM survey having a sensitivity of ∼10−14 erg s−1 cm−2 and fit at the same time, the survey selection function, the cluster evolutionary scaling relations and the cosmology; our sole assumption – driven by the limited size of the sample considered in the case study – is that the local cluster scaling relations are known. We devote special attention to the realistic modelling of the count-rate measurement uncertainties and evaluate the potential of the method via a Fisher analysis. In the absence of individual cluster redshifts, the count rate and hardness ratio (CR–HR) method appears to be much more efficient than the traditional approach based on cluster counts (i.e. dn/dz, requiring redshifts). In the case where redshifts are available, our method performs similar to the traditional mass function (dn/dM/dz) for the purely cosmological parameters, but constrains better parameters defining the cluster scaling relations and their evolution. A further practical advantage of the CR–HR method is its simplicity: this fully top-down approach totally bypasses the tedious steps consisting in deriving cluster masses from X-ray temperature measurements.
Discussion on SPOT5 Image Data Processing for Land Use Survey

In land use survey,remote sensing data as survey's basic data source begins to replace the data of traditional aerial photo and topographic map,mostly applied SPOT5 data.Based on this,this paper introduces SPOT5 satellite remote sensing data's characters,probes into the methods of orthophoto rectification,image fusion,color integration,and so on,combined with the relative requirement of land use survey.
Methods of extracting distribution information of plants at urban darken areas and repairing their brightness

In the urban built-up areas with densely high-rising buildings,about 20% of landscape vegetation is growing at darken areas shaded by buildings or other higher plants.In order to drive a model of measuring captured carbon by remote sensing,one of the puzzles to be solved firstly is to separate and extract those plants at darken areas.So a new conception of NDUI(Normalized Difference Umbra Index) has been put forward here.With NDUI,the total area of landscape vegetation is extracted from an infrared remote sensing image by means of NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index),and then the plants at darken areas are separated from the total area through another segmentation threshold referring to NDUI.These separated plants at darken area can be enhanced with an algorithm of repairing brightness.It is demonstrated by experiments that the algorithm proposed here can work robustly to meet the requirement.
Baseline Estimation of Interferometric SAR Based on Fast Fourier Transform

First, the basic principle of initial baseline estimation of SAR interferometry is discussed, then, the concrete algorithm using twodimensional Fast Fourier Transform(FFT) power spectrum to estimate the baseline is discussed in detail. At last, based on SIRC single look complex data on October 9 and 10, 1994, the perpendicular component of initial baseline is estimated using this algorithm, combining the parallel component of initial baseline obtained from the spaceborne orbit data, flatten phase removal trial is implemented by the initial baseline, the result is compared with that based on the spaceborne orbit data baseline modeling and topographic map. 
Petroleum systems of Oman: Charge timing and risks

After 35 years of exploration, creaming of the conventional plays in Oman is nearly complete, and consequently, the search has commenced for new, less obvious plays. Many of the new opportunities occur beyond the known hydrocarbon provinces and are considered to have significant charge risks. To define these risks, extensive basin modeling studies have been conducted in recent years. Modeling and empirical data show that Mesozoic and Cenozoic kitchen areas are restricted to western north Oman, the only areas currently buried at their maximum temperature. Large parts of north and central Oman depend on lateral migration from these kitchens for their charge. Progressive uplift of the east flank and basin inversion since the middle Paleozoic provides favorable conditions for long-distance migration in the post-Carboniferous interval. In central Oman, geochemical tracer molecules (benzocarbazoles) suggest that a north-south-trending, reactivated basement grain has funneled charge up to 300 km southeastward. Charge risks increase in the deeper sequence, in which eastward migrating hydrocarbons have to traverse the Ghaba salt basin, a pronounced syncline at depths greater than 3 km. The south Oman salt basin is currently cool because of shallow depths and hydrodynamic fluid-flow activity. The shallow post-Cambrian reservoirs rely on storage of early (Cambrian-Ordovician) charge by the Ara salt (Cambrian) sequence, followed by release of hydrocarbons as the salt edge retreats through time. Basin modeling has outlined the extent of the different petroleum systems and provided us with risk maps to guide our next exploration phase. It has revitalized some of the mature plays, for instance the Gharif Formation, where oil exploration is now focused along Late Cretaceous and Tertiary migration paths. Deeper sections are envisaged to have significant scope for gas.
SKELETAL KINEMATICS OF THE ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT DEFICIENT KNEE WITH AND WITHOUT FUNCTIONAL BRACES

Steinmann traction pins were implanted into the femur and tibia of six subjects having a partial or complete anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Patients jumped for maximal horizontal distance and landed onto their deficient limb with the knee braced and unbraced. Tibiofemoral rotations and translations showed a general trend across subjects, i.e. skeletally based curves were similar in shape and amplitude. The tibia displaced anteriorly from footstrike to about peak vertical force onset (Fy). Thereafter the tibia moved posteriorly during flexion. Intra-subject kinematics was very repeatable but differences in anterior tibial translations were small between the brace conditions. This may be due to the invasiveness of this protocol, that landings were onto a deficient limb, or subjects jumped within their own comfort limits which did not maximally stress the ACL. Inter-subject differences were typically much larger.
A New Synthetic Unit HydrographComputation Method Based On TheMass Conservation Principle

Synthetic unit hydrograph (SUH) methods are popular and play an important role in many water resources analyses of un-ganged watersheds. These methods are simple, requiring only an easy determination of watershed characteristics, such as catchment area and river length. In some cases, they may also include landuse characteristics and serve as useful tools to simulate runoff from watersheds undergoing land-use change. To develop a synthetic unit hydrograph, several synthetic unit hydrograph models such as HEC-HMS, Nakayasu, SnyderAlexeyev, SCS, and GAMA-1 are commonly used in Indonesia. In this paper, a new method for computing the synthetic unit hydrograph based on mass conservation principles is presented. This mass conserving synthetic unit hydrograph calculation procedure, called the ITB SUH calculation method, has been implemented in the development of ITB-1 and ITB-2 SUH. The unit hydrographs are synthesized by using either a simple single function (ITB-1) or using two simple functions (ITB-2) combined with automatic adjustable peak discharge factors. Some applications of the method in computing design floods of smalland medium-size catchment are presented. The results show that, although input requirements for the ITB SUH calculation method are simple and the calculation is easy, the final results agree well with other methods developed previously.
Combinatorial Optimization: Algorithms and Complexity

This clearly written , mathematically rigorous text includes a novel algorithmic exposition of the simplex method and also discusses the Soviet ellipsoid algorithm for linear programming; efficient algorithms for network flow, matching, spanning trees, and matroids; the theory of NP-complete problems; approximation algorithms, local search heuristics for NPcomplete problems, more. All chapters are supplemented by thoughtprovoking problems. A useful work for graduate-level students with backgrounds in computer science, operations research, and electrical engineering. Mathematicians wishing a self-contained introduction need look no further. —American Mathematical Monthly. 1982 ed.
Synthesis and In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Quaternized 10-Methoxycanthin-6-one Derivatives

Background: Based on our previous work, we found that 10-methoxycanthin-6-one displayed potential antibacterial activity and quaternization was an available method for increasing the antibacterial activity. Here, we explored the antibacterial activity of quaternized 10-methoxy canthin-6-one derivatives. Methods and Results: Twenty-two new 3-N-benzylated 10-methoxy canthin-6-ones were designed and synthesized through quaternization reaction. The in vitro antibacterial activity against three bacteria was evaluated by the double dilution method. Moreover, the structure–activity relationships (SARs) were carefully summarized in order to guide the development of antibacterial canthin-6-one agents. Two highly active compounds (6p and 6t) displayed 8-fold superiority (MIC = 3.91 µg/mL) against agricultural pathogenic bacteria R. solanacearum and P. syringae compared to agrochemical streptomycin sulfate, and showed potential activity against B. cereus. Moreover, these two compounds exhibited good “drug-like” properties, low cytotoxicity, and no inhibition on seed germination. Conclusions: This work provides two new effective quaternized canthin-6-one derivatives as candidate bactericide, promoting the development of natural-sourced bactericides and preservatives.
OILCROP-SUN Model as a Grower's Tool for Sunflower Cultivation in Irrigated Plains of Punjab

Crop simulation model can serve as an agronomic tool to study uncertainties in crop production due to weather variability. The OILCROP-SUN simulated crop phenology, growth and yield attribute for sunflower cultivars and were in close agreement with field observations under different environments. In case of cv. PSFH-118, the flowering was estimated within -10 to +2 days and physiological maturity within -9 to +7 days of those observed in the field. In case of cv. SH-3322, the flowering date was within -11 to +8 days and physiological maturity was within -7 to +7 days of those observed in the field. The model overestimated the growth (maximum leaf area index, LAI) and yield attributes (grain and biomass yields) for both the cultivars under different environments. The OILCROP-SUN model was employed to simulate the influence of date of sowing of sunflower crop from December to third week of March. The simulation results indicates that if sunflower is planted in December after the harvesting of cotton and early potato crop, the optimum time for sowing falls in within 3 rd week of December. However for the spring season, the optimum sowing period comes during 2 nd fortnight of February. Further the potential yield of sunflower could be attained with row-to-row spacing of 45 cm and plant-to-plant spacing of 30 cm, i.e., 7.4 plants m -2 could be the most appropriate plant population. The OILCROP-SUN model can be used as a user friendly grower’s tool in Punjab, India.
Supplementary Report: Cooperative Control of Autonomous Surface Vehicles for Oil Skimming and Cleanup

Oil skimmers towed by two vehicles have been widely used for skimming of oil on the water surface. In this paper, we model the skimmer as a flexible, floating rope of constant length as well as discrete segmented model. We derive the equations governing the rope dynamics from first principles and demonstrate their application through simulations. We have performed field experiments with two autonomous surface vehicles that substantiate the proposed model. The experimental analysis provided information about certain parameters in the model. We propose a method for controlling the shape of the rope, and derive the conditions that maximize skimming efficiency.
Tulip: Turn-Free Low-Power Network-on-Chip

The semiconductor industry has seen significant technological advancements, leading to an increase in the number of processing cores in a system-on-chip (SoC). To facilitate communication among the numerous on-chip cores, a network-on-chip (NoC) is employed. One of the main challenges of designing NoCs is power management since the NoC consumes a significant portion of the total power of the SoC. Among the power-intensive components of the NoC, routers stand out. We observe that some power-intensive components of routers, responsible for implementing turn in the mesh topology, are underutilized compared to others. Therefore, we propose Tulip, a turn-free low-power network-in-chip, that avoids within-router turns by removing the corresponding components from the router structure. On a turn (e.g., at the end of the current dimension), Tulip forces the packet to be ejected and then reinjects it to the next dimension channel (i.e., the beginning of the path along the next dimension). Due to its deadlock-free nature, Tulip's scheme may be used orthogonally with any deterministic, partially-adaptive, and fully-adaptive routing algorithms, and can easily be extended for any n-dimensional mesh topology. Our analysis reveals that Tulip can reduce the static power and area by 24%−50% and 25%-55%, respectively, for 2D-5D mesh routers.
Low-pressure Granulites of the Lisov Massif, Southern Bohemia: Visean Metamorphism of Late Devonian Plutonic Arc Rocks

The Lisov Granulite Massif differs from neighbouring granulite bodies in the Moldanubian Zone of southern Bohemia (Czech Republic) in including a higher proportion of intermediate–mafic and orthopyroxene-bearing rocks, associated with spinel peridotites but lacking eclogites. In addition to dominantly felsic garnet granulites, other major rock types include quartz dioritic two-pyroxene granulites, tonalitic granulites and charnockites. Minor bodies of high-pressure layered gabbroic garnet granulites and spinel peridotites represent tectonically incorporated foreign elements. The protoliths of the mafic–intermediate granulites (quartz-dioritic and tonalitic) crystallized 360–370 Ma ago, as indicated by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–Pb ages of abundant zircons with well-preserved magmatic zoning. Strongly metamorphically recrystallized zircons give ages of 330–340 Ma, similar to those of other Moldanubian granulites. For the overwhelming majority of the Lisov granulites peak metamorphic conditions probably did not exceed 800–900 C at 4–5 kbar; the equilibration temperature of the pyroxene granulites was 670– 770 C. This is in sharp contrast to conditions of adjacent contemporaneous Moldanubian granulites, which are characterized by a distinct HP–HT signature. The mafic–intermediate Lisov granulites are thought to have originated during Visean metamorphic overprinting of metaluminous, medium-K calc-alkaline plutonic rocks that formed the mid-crustal root of a Late Devonian magmatic arc. The protolith resembled contemporaneous calc-alkaline intrusions in the European Variscan Belt.
Temporal and spatially controlled APP transgene expression using Cre-dependent alleles

ABSTRACT Although a large number of mouse models have been made to study Alzheimer's disease, only a handful allow experimental control over the location or timing of the protein being used to drive pathology. Other fields have used the Cre and the tamoxifen-inducible CreER driver lines to achieve precise spatial and temporal control over gene deletion and transgene expression, yet these tools have not been widely used in studies of neurodegeneration. Here, we describe two strategies for harnessing the wide range of Cre and CreER driver lines to control expression of disease-associated amyloid precursor protein (APP) in modeling Alzheimer's amyloid pathology. We show that CreER-based spatial and temporal control over APP expression can be achieved with existing lines by combining a Cre driver with a tetracycline-transactivator (tTA)-dependent APP responder using a Cre-to-tTA converter line. We then describe a new mouse line that places APP expression under direct control of Cre recombinase using an intervening lox-stop-lox cassette. Mating this allele with a CreER driver allows both spatial and temporal control over APP expression, and with it, amyloid onset. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Observational evidence of the influence of Antarctic stratospheric ozone variability on middle atmosphere dynamics

Modeling results have suggested that the circulation of the stratosphere and mesosphere in spring is strongly affected by the perturbations in heating induced by the Antarctic ozone hole. Here using both mesospheric MF radar wind observations from Rothera Antarctica (67°S, 68°W) as well as stratospheric analysis data, we present observational evidence that the stratospheric and mesospheric wind strengths are highly anti‐correlated, and show their largest variability in November. We find that these changes are related to the total amount of ozone loss that occurs during the Antarctic spring ozone hole and particularly with the ozone gradients that develop between 57.5°S and 77.5°S. The results show that with increasing ozone loss during spring, winter conditions in the stratosphere and mesosphere persist longer into the summer. These results are discussed in the light of observations of the onset and duration of the Antarctic polar mesospheric cloud season.
Seismic threshold monitoring for continuous assessment of global detection capability

Abstract Continuous seismic threshold monitoring is a technique that has been developed over the past several years to assess the upper magnitude limit of possible seismic events that might have occurred in a geographical target area. The method provides continuous time monitoring at a given confidence level. In this article we expand upon previous work to apply the method to a global network of seismic stations and give examples of applications from a prototype system that will be installed at the International Data Center for monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Using a global grid of 2562 geographical aiming points, we computed site-specific threshold traces for each grid point and applied spatial interpolation to obtain full global coverage. For each grid point, the procedure is in principle to “focus” the network by tuning the frequency filters and array beams using available information on signal and noise characteristics at each station-site combination. Standard global P -phase attenuation relationships and travel-time tables (IASP91) are used in this initial implementation, but the system lends itself easily to applying station-site-specific corrections (magnitudes, travel times, etc.) to each seismic phase. We give examples of two main types of applications based on data from a worldwide seismic network: (a) an estimated continuous global threshold level and (b) an estimated continuous global detection capability . The first application provides a continuous view of the global seismic “background field” as calculated from the station data, with the purpose of assessing the upper magnitude limit of any seismic event that might have occurred anywhere on Earth. The second application introduces detection thresholds for each station and provides a simplified estimate, continuously in time, of the n -station detection capability of the network. The latter approach naturally produces higher threshold values, with the difference typically being 0.5-1 magnitude unit. We show that both these approaches are useful especially during large earthquakes, where conventional capability maps based on statistical noise and signal models cannot be applied. In order to illustrate the usefulness of combining global monitoring with site-specific monitoring for areas of special interest, we consider a large earthquake aftershock sequence in Kamchatka and its effect on the threshold trace in a very different region (the Novaya Zemlya nuclear test site). We demonstrate that the effects of the aftershock signals on the thresholds calculated for Novaya Zemlya are modest, partly because of the emphasis on high-frequency signals. This indicates that threshold monitoring could provide significantly improved seismic monitoring during aftershock sequences compared with conventional methods, for which the large number of detected phases tends to saturate the phase association process.