Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Same, same but different: symbiotic bacterial associations in GBR sponges

Symbioses in marine sponges involve diverse consortia of microorganisms that contribute to the health and ecology of their hosts. The microbial communities of 13 taxonomically diverse Great Barrier Reef (GBR) sponge species were assessed by DGGE and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to determine intra and inter species variation in bacterial symbiont composition. Microbial profiling revealed communities that were largely conserved within different individuals of each species with intra species similarity ranging from 65–100%. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the communities were dominated by Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Nitrospira, and Cyanobacteria. Sponge-associated microbes were also highly host-specific with no operational taxonomic units (OTUs) common to all species and the most ubiquitous OTU found in only 5 of the 13 sponge species. In total, 91% of the OTUs were restricted to a single sponge species. However, GBR sponge microbes were more closely related to other sponge-derived bacteria than they were to environmental communities with sequences falling within 50 of the 173 previously defined sponge-(or sponge-coral) specific sequence clusters (SC). These SC spanned the Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospira, and the Planctomycetes-Verrucomicrobia-Chlamydiae superphylum. The number of sequences assigned to these sponge-specific clusters across all species ranged from 0 to 92%. No relationship between host phylogeny and symbiont communities were observed across the different sponge orders, although the highest level of similarity was detected in two closely related Xestospongia species. This study identifies the core microbial inhabitants in a range of GBR sponges thereby providing the basis for future studies on sponge symbiotic function and research aiming to predict how sponge holobionts will respond to environmental perturbation.
Bayesian networks for evidence based clinical decision support

4 Glossary of Abbreviations . 10 List of Figures . 12 List of Tables . 15 Introduction . 17 1.1 Research Objectives . 20 1.2 Structure of the Thesis . 21 1.3 Publications and Awards . 22 Bayesian Networks . 24 2.1 Bayes’ Theorem . 24 2.2 Introduction to Bayesian Networks . 25 2.3 Reasoning with Bayesian Networks . 26 2.4 Condition Independence and Bayesian Networks . 29 2.5 Features of Bayesian Networks . 31 2.6 Building Bayesian Networks . 33 2.6. 1 Knowledge Engineering Methods . 33 2.6. 2 Data Based Methods . 36 2.6. 3 Hybrid Methods that Combine Knowledge and Data. 39 2.6. 4 Knowledge Gap . 40 Clinical Decision Support . 42 3.1 Surgical Decision Making . 43 3.2 Statistical Modelling Approaches in Medicine . 44 3.3 Artificial Intelligence and Bayesian Networks in Medicine . 46
A 16$\, \times $16 Pixel Distance Sensor With In-Pixel Circuitry That Tolerates 150 klx of Ambient Light

A time-of-flight depth sensor is presented employing a correlation based concept. The pixels are able to suppress contributions of ambient light up to 150 klx autonomously and directly in the electronic circuits consuming only 2 μA, each. All 16 × 16 pixels capture the depth information simultaneously at maximally 16 frames per second using an external A/D converter (ADC). Additionally, an embedded 12-bit ADC can be used for converting the analog output values of the pixels to the digital domain at lower frame rates. Distance measurements in a range of 0-3.2 m show standard deviations in the centimeter range and a linearity error within -1/+2 cm. The influence of extraneous light is expressed as a relative distance error which is also in the centimeter range. A complete impression of the sensor system is given by discussing the pixel circuits, the ADC design, the design of the modulated light source providing 0.9 W optical power in the near infrared, and the auxiliary setup including an FPGA board. Additionally, a sensor model is provided to predict the measurement error due to stochastic sources. Three-dimensional snapshots as well as a comparison with state-of-the-art sensors and products complete the paper.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Xyloketal Derivatives and Their Protective Activities against H2O2-Induced HUVEC Injury

In this work, we designed and synthesized a series of amide derivatives (1–13), benzoxazine derivatives (16–28) and amino derivatives (29–30) from xyloketal B. All 28 new derivatives and seven known compounds (14, 15, 31–35) were evaluated for their protection against H2O2-induced HUVEC injury. 23 and 24 exhibited more potential protective activities than other derivatives; and the EC50 values of them and the leading compound 31 (xyloketal B) were 5.10, 3.59 and 15.97 μM, respectively. Meanwhile, a comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) was constructed to explain the structural activity relationship of these xyloketal derivatives. This 3D QSAR model from CoMSIA suggested that the derived model exhibited good predictive ability in the external test-set validation. Derivative 24 fit well with the COMSIA map, therefore it possessed the highest activity of all compounds. Compounds 23, 24 and 31 (xyloketal B) were further to examine in the JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay of HUVECs using flow cytometry (FCM). The result indicated that 23 and 24 significantly inhibited H2O2-induced decrease of the cell mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) at 25 μM. Collectively, the protective effects of xyloketals on H2O2-induced endothelial cells may be generated from oxidation action by restraining ROS and reducing the MMP.
Chandra Observation of the ρ Oph Cloud

We observed a 17′×17′ region of the ρ Oph molecular cloud, using the ACIS-I array onboard the Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO). A 100-ks exposure observation revealed ∼ 100 X-ray sources above the detection limit of ∼ 10 ergs s. About 2/3 of the X-ray sources are identified with an optical and/or infrared counterpart, including significant numbers of Class I, II and III sources and a few brown dwarfs. The X-ray detection rate of Class I sources is a surprisingly high 70 %. Many X-ray flares, possibly due to the magnetic activity, are found from all of the classes. We make systematic spectral studies of the quiescent and flare X-rays for all the X-ray sources. The X-ray temperatures and absorptions of Class I sources are generally larger than those of Class II and III sources. Also X-ray flares from Class I sources show slightly higher duty ratio, temperature, and luminosity, than those of more evolved classes. We further give brief results on brown dwarfs, sources in a younger phase than Class I, unclassified, and unidentified sources. Details for several selected young stellar objects, including the first detection of a neutral iron line (6.4 keV) from a Class I source (YLW 16A), are separately addressed. 1CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 4-1-8 Honmachi, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
Maximum edge‐cuts in cubic graphs with large girth and in random cubic graphs

We show that for every cubic graph Gwith sufficiently large girth there exists a probability distribution on edge‐cuts in Gsuch that each edge is in a randomly chosen cut with probability at least 0.88672. This implies that Gcontains an edge‐cut of size at least 1.33008n, where nis the number of vertices of G, and has fractional cut covering number at most 1.127752. The lower bound on the size of maximum edge‐cut also applies to random cubic graphs. Specifically, a random n‐vertex cubic graph a.a. s. contains an edge‐cut of size 1.33008n‐ o(n). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 2012
Low turn-on voltage and highly bright Ag–In–Zn–S quantum dot light-emitting diodes

During the last three decades, there has been significant development of quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs) due to their widespread applications. However, common QLEDs depend on cadmium, which is toxic and limits their all-inclusive applications. To address this challenge, herein, we report a highly efficient and low turn-on voltage Cd-free inverted QLEDs with eco-friendly Zn–Ag–In–S quantum dots as the emissive layers. The device performance is closely related to the properties of the hole transport layer (HTL), which are explored by employing different hole transport materials, namely, 4,4′,4′′-tris(carbazol-9-yl) triphenylamine (TCTA) and N,N′-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′ bis(phenyl)-benzidine (NPB). Although the energy levels of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) of TCTA and NPB are similar, electron leakage from the QDs to NPB is observed, which deteriorates the device performance. An excellent QLED can be achieved if a thick TCTA layer is introduced next to the QDs. Additionally, the QLED with a stepwise HTL consisting of TCTA/NPB presents a slightly higher current efficiency than the TCTA-only device, revealing that the reduction in holes accumulated at the QDs/HTL interface is beneficial for enhancing the device efficiency. Compared to the previously reported Zn–Ag–In–S based QLEDs, our device exhibits a low turn-on voltage of 2.2 V and the highest luminance (over 2000 cd m−2) and efficiency (larger than 2.1 cd A−1).
Virtual reviewers for collaborative exploration of movie reviews

We propose a collaborative exploration system that helps users to explore recommendations from various viewpoints. Given ratings and reviews on movies from reviewers, the system provides “virtual reviewers” that represent particular viewpoints. Each virtual reviewer navigates the user by recommending and characterizing both movies and reviewers according to its viewpoint. We have developed a browsing method with virtual reviewers and visual interfaces.
Moving object detection based on optical flow and neural network fusion

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to meet the large demand for the new-generation intelligence monitoring systems that are used to detect targets within a dynamic background. Design/methodology/approach A dynamic target detection method based on the fusion of optical flow and neural network is proposed. Findings Simulation results verify the accuracy of the moving object detection based on optical flow and neural network fusion. The method eliminates the influence caused by the movement of the camera to detect the target and has the ability to extract a complete moving target. Practical implications It provides a powerful safeguard for target detection and targets the tracking application. Originality/value The proposed method represents the fusion of optical flow and neural network to detect the moving object, and it can be used in new-generation intelligent monitoring systems.
Using normalized equations to solve the indetermination problem in the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition: an application to the gender wage gap in Brazil

Ha centenas de trabalhos que implementam a decomposicao de Oaxaca-Blinder. Entretanto, esta decomposicao nao e invariante a escolha dos grupos de referencia quando variaveis binarias sao utilizadas como regressores. Este artigo aplica a solucao proposta por Yun (2005a, 2005b) para este problema de identificacao a estimacao do diferencial de salarios por sexo no Brasil. A crescente diferenca entre homens e mulheres no coeficiente da regressao associado ao trabalho em meio periodo vem contribuindo para reduzir o diferencial de salarios por sexo. Outros estudos ja realizados no Brasil que nao utilizaram qualquer correcao do problema de identificacao, encontraram resultados diferentes.
Microscopy image fusion algorithm based on saliency analysis and adaptive m-pulse-coupled neural network in non-subsampled contourlet transform domain

Microscopy image fusion, as a new item in related research field, has been extensively used in integrated-circuit defect detection and intaglio-plate-microstructure observation. In this article, a novel microscopy image fusion algorithm based on saliency analysis and adaptive m-pulse-coupled neural network in non-subsampled contourlet transform domain is proposed, in which each original image can be decomposed into a low-frequency subband and a series of high-frequency subbands. A new measurement technique based on image variance permutation entropy is designed for fusion of the low-frequency subbands, and a novel sum-modified Laplacian is chosen as external stimulus which motivates the adaptive m-pulse-coupled neural network for the high-frequency subbands. Yet, the linking strength of the m-pulse-coupled neural network is determined by five features of the saliency map. Then, the selection rules of different subbands are worked based on the corresponding weight measures. Finally, the fusion image is reconstructed via inverse non-subsampled contourlet transform. Experimental results reveal that the proposed algorithm achieves better fused image quality than other traditional representative ones in the aspects of objective evaluation and subjective visual.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Diode Laser on Pain and Edema in Individuals with Cleft Lip and Palate Submitted to Secondary Bone Graft

Objective To clinically evaluate the effects of diode laser, Gallium-Aluminum-Arsenide laser (GaAIAs), on the pain and edema after secondary alveolar bone graft. Design Case-control, double-blind study. Setting Institutional tertiary referral hospital. Participants The sample was composed of 60 individuals with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate, of both genders, aged 9 to 15 years, submitted to secondary alveolar bone graft. Main Outcome Measures The individuals were divided into an experimental group (patients irradiated with diode laser GaAIAs, energy density of 4 J/cm2, power of 100 mW, and wavelength in the infrared spectrum, for 10 seconds per point on 10 points, adding up to a dose of 40 J/cm2) and a placebo group (simulated laser application for 60 seconds per point, also on 10 points). Applications were made on the receptor site immediately postoperatively and after 24 and 48 hours. The pain and edema were assessed preoperatively and at each application. Results The two groups presented increase in pain and edema in 24 and 48 hours. No statistically significant difference was found between groups. Conclusions According to the present methodology, the use of low-level laser to control the pain and edema in the postoperative period of secondary alveolar bone graft was not effective.
Gazetteer Preparation for Named Entity Recognition in Indian Languages

This paper describes our approaches for the preparation of gazetteers for named entity recognition (NER) in Indian languages. We have described two methodologies for the preparation of gazetteers 1 . Since the relevant gazetteer lists are more easily available in English we have used a transliteration based approach to convert available English name lists to Indian languages. The second approach is a context pattern induction based domain specific gazetteer preparation. This approach uses a domain specific raw corpus and a few seed entities to learn context patterns and then the corresponding name lists are generated by using bootstrapping.
An improved analytical method to design CMUTs with square diaphragms

A highly accurate mathematical method has been presented for analytical characterization of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) built with square diaphragms. The method uses a new two-dimensional polynomial function to more accurately predict the deflection curve of a multilayer square diaphragm subject to both mechanical and electrostatic pressure and a new capacitance model that takes into account the contribution of the fringing field capacitances. Both of the models have been experimentally verified by comparing the models predicted values with measurement results and are found to be in excellent agreement with a maximum deviation of less than 2% for experimentally measured capacitance values. 3-D electromechanical finite element analysis (FEA) for a wide range of material properties, geometric specifications, and loading conditions show that the presented method is highly consistent in accuracy over the typical square-diaphragm CMUT design space.
Development and application of a non-targeted extraction method for the analysis of migrating compounds from plastic baby bottles by GC-MS

In 2011, the European Union prohibited the production of polycarbonate (PC) baby bottles due to the toxic effects of the PC monomer bisphenol-A. Therefore, baby bottles made of alternative materials, e.g. polypropylene (PP) or polyethersulphone (PES), are currently marketed. The principal aim of the study was the identification of major compounds migrating from baby bottles using a liquid–liquid extraction followed by GC/MS analysis. A 50% EtOH in water solution was selected as a simulant for milk. After sterilisation of the bottle, three migration experiments were performed during 2 h at 70°C. A non-targeted liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate–n-hexane (1:1) was performed on the simulant samples. Identification of migrants from 24 baby bottles was done using commercially available WILEY and NIST mass spectra libraries. Differences in the migrating compounds and their intensities were observed between the different types of plastics, but also between the same polymer from a different producer. Differences in the migration patterns were perceived as well between the sterilisation and the migrations and within the different migrations. Silicone, Tritan™ and PP exhibited a wide variety of migrating compounds, whereas PES and polyamide (PA) showed a lower amount of migrants, though sometimes in relatively large concentrations (azacyclotridecan-2-one up to 250 µg kg−1). Alkanes (especially in PP bottles), phthalates (dibutylphthalate in one PP bottle (±40 µg kg−1) and one silicone bottle (±25 µg kg−1); diisobutylphthalate in one PP (±10 µg kg−1), silicone (up to ±80 µg kg−1); and Tritan™ bottle (±30 µg kg−1)), antioxidants (Irgafos 168, degradation products of Irganox 1010 and Irganox 1076), etc. were detected for PP, silicone and Tritan™ bottles. Although the concentrations were relatively low, some compounds not authorised by European Union Regulation No. 10/2011, such as 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (10–100 µg kg−1) or 2-butoxyethyl acetate (about 300 µg kg−1) were detected. Migrating chemicals were identified as confirmed (using a standard) or as tentative (further confirmation required).
Gene Expression Induced in Escherichia coli O157:H7 upon Exposure to Model Apple Juice

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli O157:H7 has caused serious outbreaks of food-borne illness via transmission in a variety of food vehicles, including unpasteurized apple juice, dried salami, and spinach. To understand how this pathogen responds to the multiple stresses of the food environment, we compared global transcription patterns before and after exposure to model apple juice. Transcriptomes of mid-exponential- and stationary-phase cells were evaluated after 10 min in model apple juice (pH 3.5) using microarrays probing 4,886 open reading frames. A total of 331 genes were significantly induced upon exposure of cells to model apple juice, including genes involved in the acid, osmotic, and oxidative stress responses as well as the envelope stress response. Acid and osmotic stress response genes, including asr, osmC, osmB, and osmY, were significantly induced in response to model apple juice. Multiple envelope stress responses were activated as evidenced by increased expression of CpxR and Rcs phosphorelay-controlled genes. Genes controlled by CpxR (cpxP, degP, and htpX) were significantly induced 2- to 15-fold upon exposure to apple juice. Inactivation of CpxRA resulted in a significant decrease in survival of O157:H7 in model apple juice compared to the isogenic parent strain. Of the 331 genes induced in model apple juice, 104 are O157-specific genes, including those encoding type three secretion effectors (espJ, espB, espM2, espL3, and espZ). Elucidating the response of O157:H7 to acidic foods provides insight into how this pathogen is able to survive in food matrices and how exposure to foods influences subsequent transmission and virulence.
Restaging locally advanced rectal cancer with MR imaging after chemoradiation therapy.

In recent years, preoperative therapy has become standard procedure for locally advanced rectal cancer. Tumor shrinkage due to preoperative chemotherapy-radiation therapy (CRT) is now a reality, and pathologically complete responses are not uncommon. Some researchers are now addressing organ preservation, thus increasing the demand for both functional and morphologic radiologic evaluation of response to CRT to distinguish responding from nonresponding tumors. On magnetic resonance (MR) images, post-CRT tumor morphologic features and volume changes have a high positive predictive value but a low negative predictive value for assessing response. Preliminary results indicate that diffusion-weighted MR imaging, especially at high b values, would be effective for prediction of treatment outcome and for early detection of tumor response. Some authors have reported that the use of apparent diffusion coefficient values in combination with other MR imaging criteria significantly improves discrimination between malignant and benign lymph nodes. Sequential determination of fluorodeoxyglucose uptake at positron emission tomography/computed tomography has proved useful in differentiating responding from nonresponding tumors during and at the end of CRT. However, radionuclide techniques have limitations, such as low spatial resolution and high cost. Large studies will be needed to verify the most effective morphologic and functional imaging modalities for post-CRT restaging of rectal cancer. Supplemental material available at http://radiographics.rsna. org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/rg.303095085/-/DC1.