Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gas cooling in simulations of the formation of the galaxy population

We compare two techniques for following the cooling of gas and its condensation into galaxies within high-resolution simulations of cosmologically representative regions. Both techniques treat the dark matter using N-body methods. One follows the gas using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) while the other uses simplified recipes from semi-analytic (SA) models. We compare the masses and locations predicted for dense knots of cold gas (the ‘galaxies’) when the two techniques are applied to evolution from the same initial conditions and when the additional complications of star formation and feedback are ignored. We find that above the effective resolution limit of the two techniques, they give very similar results both for global quantities such as the total amount of cooled gas and for the properties of individual ‘galaxies’. The SA technique has systematic uncertainties arising from the simplified cooling model adopted, while details of the SPH implementation can produce substantial systematic variations in the galaxy masses it predicts. Nevertheless, for the best current SPH methods and the standard assumptions of the SA model, systematic differences between the two techniques are remarkably small. The SA technique gives adequate predictions for the condensation of gas into ‘galaxies’ at less than one per cent of the computational cost of obtaining similar results at comparable resolution using SPH.
Rumen fermentation and microbial population in lactating dairy cows receiving diets containing oilseeds rich in C-18 fatty acids

Sixteen Holstein rumen-cannulated primiparous milking dairy cows were fed a control diet (CN) based on maize silage and soyabean meal during a 4-week period before the start of a 21-d experiment with oilseeds containing high concentration of linoleic acid (Linola™) or linolenic acid (NuLin™). Thereafter, four cows received ad libitum one of each of four dietary treatments comprising of CN, Linola (LN), NuLin (NL) and LN/NL (50/50 % combination). Each LN, NL and LN/NL treatment contained 6 % oil of DM. Rumen digesta samples were collected on days 6, 11, 16 and 21 and milk samples on days 13, 15 and 17. There were no effects (P>0·05) of the oilseeds on pH and concentrations of NH3-N and total volatile fatty acids, while the acetate:propionate ratio was decreased (P< 0·05). The oilseeds also decreased (P< 0·05) protozoa and increased (P< 0·1) total cellulolytic bacteria in rumen fluid, especially when containing high dietary linoleic acid (P< 0·05). The milk protein concentration was increased (P< 0·1) by the dietary linoleic acid, which produced most beneficial results. It was concluded that supplements of linoleic acid in diets of ruminants might contribute to better digestion of dietary fibre and increased quality of milk.
Identification of the Rem-responsive element of mouse mammary tumor virus

Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) has previously been shown to encode a functional homolog of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) nuclear export protein Rev, termed Rem. Here, we show that deletion of the rem gene from a MMTV molecular clone interfered with the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of genomic length viral mRNA and resulted in a loss of viral capsid (Gag) protein production. Interestingly, nuclear export of single-spliced env mRNA was only moderately affected, suggesting that this transcript is, at least to some extent, transported via a distinct, Rem-independent export mechanism. To identify and characterize a cis-acting RNA element required for Rem responsiveness (RmRE), extensive computational and functional analyses were performed. By these means a region of 490 nt corresponding to positions nt 8517–nt 9006 in the MMTV reference strain was identified as RmRE. Deletion of this fragment, which spans the env-U3 junction region, abolished Gag expression. Furthermore, insertion of this sequence into a heterologous HIV-1-based reporter construct restored, in the presence of Rem, HIV-1 Gag expression to levels determined for the Rev/RRE export system. These results clearly demonstrate that the identified region, whose geometry resembles that of other retroviral-responsive elements, is capable to functionally substitute, in the presence of Rem, for Rev/RRE and thus provide unequivocal evidence that MMTV is a complex retrovirus.
A Provably Efficient Online Collaborative Caching Algorithm for Multicell-Coordinated Systems

Caching at the base stations brings the contents closer to the users, reduces the traffic through the backhaul links, and reduces the delay experienced by the cellular users. The cellular network operator may charge the content providers for caching their contents. Moreover, content providers may lose their users if the users are not getting their desired quality of service, such as maximum tolerable delay in Video on Demand services. In this paper, we study the collaborative caching problem for a multicell-coordinated system from the point of view of minimizing the total cost paid by the content providers. We formulate the problem as an Integer Linear Program and prove its NP-completeness. We also provide an online caching algorithm that does not require any knowledge about the contents popularities. We prove that the online algorithm achieves a competitive ratio of O(log (n)), and we show that the best competitive ratio that any online algorithm can achieve is Ω (log (n) / log log (n)). Therefore, our proposed caching algorithm is provably efficient. Through simulations, we show that our online algorithm performs very close to the optimal offline collaborative scheme, and can outperform it when contents popularities are not properly estimated.
Spectral Sensitivity Studies on the Visual System of the Praying Mantis, Tenodera sinensis

In these studies a constant ERG response was used as a measure of visual sensitivity to different wavelengths of light. The dark-adapted compound eye of Tenodera sinensis is dominated by a single class of photoreceptors. with a major peak of sensitivity at about 510–520 nm, and with a minor peak of sensitivity in the near-ultraviolet region at about 370 nm. The dark-adapted dorsal ocellus does not contain a homogeneous population of sensory receptors. The sensitivity function of the dark-adapted ocellus to longer wavelength light (yellow and red) is determined by a single receptor with a major peak of sensitivity in the green at 510–520 nm with some sensitivity in the near-ultraviolet. Sensitivity at shorter wavelengths (near-ultraviolet and blue), however, involves the stimulation of both this and a near-ultraviolet-sensitive receptor with a maximum sensitivity at about 370 nm. Anatomically, the sensory cells of the dorsal ocellus of Tenodera were determined histologically to be grouped into two distinct regions, each group making its own separate contribution to the ocellar nerve. This may represent the separation of two different photoreceptor types in the ocellus of the mantis.
Dynamical Tensor Approximation

For the approximation of time-dependent data tensors and of solutions to tensor differential equations by tensors of low Tucker rank, we study a computational approach that can be viewed as a continuous-time updating procedure. This approach works with the increments rather than the full tensor and avoids the computation of decompositions of large matrices. In this method, the derivative is projected onto the tangent space of the manifold of tensors of Tucker rank $(r_1,\dots,r_N)$ at the current approximation. This yields nonlinear differential equations for the factors in a Tucker decomposition, suitable for numerical integration. Approximation properties of this approach are analyzed.
Architecture Logicielles pour des Applications hétérogènes, distribuées et reconfigurables

The recent apparition of mobile wireless sensor aware to their physical environment and able to process information must allow proposing applications able to take into account their physical context and to react according to the changes of the environment. It suppose to design applications integrating both software and hardware components able to communicate. Applications must use context information from components to measure the quality of the proposed services in order to adapt them in real time. This work is interested in the integration of sensors in distributed applications. It present a service oriented software architecture allowing to manage and to reconfigure applications in heterogeneous environment where entities of different nature collaborate: software components and wireless sensors.
Hybrid Models Combining EMD/EEMD and ARIMA for Long-Term Streamflow Forecasting

: Long-term streamflow forecast is of great significance for water resource application and management. However, accurate monthly streamflow forecasting is challenging due to its non-stationarity and uncertainty. Time series analysis methods have been proved to perform well in stationary time series forecasting, which can be derived from decomposition of the non-stationary sequence. As common decomposition methods in time domain, Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) are selected to decompose the components with different time-scale characteristics in the original hydrological time series in this study. The derived components are proved to be stationary by the stationarity test. Thus, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model, a simple and effective time series analysis method, is used to forecast the components. A hybrid EMD/EEMD-ARIMA model is proposed in this study for long-term streamflow forecasting, which is applied to the upper stream of the Yellow River. The original daily streamflow time series of six years at the Tangnaihai station are firstly decomposed by EMD/EEMD into several stationary or simple non-stationary sub-series to explore detailed data information with different time scales. ARIMA models with appropriate parameters are then established for each subsequence to forecast the stream flow of the next year. Predicted ten-day and monthly stream flow is finally obtained combing the predictions of all the components. The EMD-ARIMA hybrid model performs best in forecasting high and moderate value of streamflow and fits best with the observation compared with EEMD-ARIMA and ARIMA models. The results not only verify the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid EMD/EEMD-ARIMA model in exploiting comprehensive information to improve the prediction but also indicate that the EMD-ARIMA model with end points disposal performs the best and can be used for long-term hydrological forecasting. results are reconfigured for ten-day and monthly predictions. The proposed method is applied to the upper stream of the Yellow River. The historical average ten-day streamflow data from the year 2006 to 2012 at Tangnaihai station are decomposed by EMD/EEMD to obtain the stationary sub sequence, and the average ten-day streamflow predicted value from 2013 to 2017 is compared with the observations. The forecast result not only shows that the data information contained in smaller time steps can be extracted by EMD/EEMD and helps to improve the predictive accuracy but also indicated that the EMD-ARIMA model outperforms both the ARIMA and EEMD-ARIMA model with higher accuracy.
Arabidopsis ribosomal proteins control vacuole trafficking and developmental programs through the regulation of lipid metabolism

Significance Auxin is an important phytohormone that regulates almost all aspects of plant growth and development. Ribosome proteins serve as translational regulators of auxin response. This work highlights the significance of lipid metabolism in the downstream of ribosome protein function to link auxin-regulated developmental patterning with endomembrane trafficking. Our work sheds light on a novel link between auxin signaling, ribosome function, and lipid metabolism. The vacuole is the most prominent compartment in plant cells and is important for ion and protein storage. In our effort to search for key regulators in the plant vacuole sorting pathway, ribosomal large subunit 4 (rpl4d) was identified as a translational mutant defective in both vacuole trafficking and normal development. Polysome profiling of the rpl4d mutant showed reduction in polysome-bound mRNA compared with wild-type, but no significant change in the general mRNA distribution pattern. Ribsomal profiling data indicated that genes in the lipid metabolism pathways were translationally down-regulated in the rpl4d mutant. Live imaging studies by Nile red staining suggested that both polar and nonpolar lipid accumulation was reduced in meristem tissues of rpl4d mutants. Pharmacological evidence showed that sterol and sphingolipid biosynthetic inhibitors can phenocopy the defects of the rpl4d mutant, including an altered vacuole trafficking pattern. Genetic evidence from lipid biosynthetic mutants indicates that alteration in the metabolism of either sterol or sphingolipid biosynthesis resulted in vacuole trafficking defects, similar to the rpl4d mutant. Tissue-specific complementation with key enzymes from lipid biosynthesis pathways can partially rescue both vacuole trafficking and auxin-related developmental defects in the rpl4d mutant. These results indicate that lipid metabolism modulates auxin-mediated tissue differentiation and endomembrane trafficking pathways downstream of ribosomal protein function.
Characteristics of urban boundary layer in heavy haze process based on Beijing 325m tower data

ABSTRACT Beijing experienced serious haze pollution from 24 November 2015 to 2 December 2015. To investigate the planetary boundary layer characteristics, especially turbulence characteristics, the authors analyzed the wind, temperature, humidity, and turbulence characteristics during heavily polluted weather by using the observational data of the 325-m meteorological tower in Beijing. The results indicate that the pollution was mainly caused by the easterly and southerly winds. There were negative correlations between wind speed, turbulent kinetic energy, friction velocity, and the PM2.5 concentration. During clean days, the wind speed greatly enhanced with height; however, during the period of heavy pollution, the wind speed changed a little from the near-surface layer to the top of the tower. In contrast, the spatial variability of TKE from the near-surface layer to the upper layer was not so obvious. The heavy haze pollution in this study was often characterized by the emergence of an inversion layer; therefore, the diurnal variation of the boundary layer temperature was very small. At the time of serious pollution, the relative humidity was near 100%. The diurnal variations of sensible heat flux and water vapor flux were significantly reduced when severe pollution occurred. Graphical Abstract
Aerosol effects on the development of deep convective clouds using a detailed CRM

Changes in ambient concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN) potentially alter cloud properties that may ultimately lead to modifications in cloud radiative forcing and/or precipitation. Considerable attention has been given to the effects of aerosol particles on cloud properties for warm stratiform clouds (e.g., Ackerman et al., 2004; Lu and Seinfeld, 2006; Sandu et al., 2008; Hill et al., 2008, 2009; Wang and Feingold, 2009a,b; Wang et al., 2010). The extent to which these processes hold in mixed-phase and/or cold clouds is not well established. The ice phase presents significant complexities not present in warm clouds (i.e., riming, aggregation, accretion, heterogeneous and homogeneous freezing, melting, etc.), and the cold-rain process is the predominant mechanism by which rain forms (not collision-coalescence of liquid drops). Recently, the potential effects of polluted environments on the formation and development of deep convective clouds has received attention via both modeling studies (e.g., Koren et al., 2005; Van den Hoever et al., 2006; Van den Hoever and Cotton, 2007; Khain et al., 2008; Rosenfeld et al., 2008; Stevens and Feingold, 2009; Khain and Lynn, 2009; Fan et al., 2009) and, less commonly, observational analyses (e.g., Koren et al., 2010). Conceptual hypotheses have been put forth by Rosenfeld et al. (2008) and Stevens and Feingold (2009) for the invigoration of deep convective clouds by increased aerosol loading. Via different reasoning, both works conclude that an increase in aerosol
[The effects of physical activity intervention on symptoms in schizophrenia, mental well-being and body composition in young adults].

INTRODUCTION Due to an unhealthy lifestyle, individuals with schizophrenia are at higher risk of morbidity compared to the general population. Studies have shown that physical activity can have positive effects on physical and mental health in these patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a physical activity intervention on symptoms of schizophrenia, as well as on a number of physical and mental health variables. The aim was also to gain more understanding of the participants´ experience of the intervention with interviews. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventeen individuals between the ages of 21-31, diagnosed with schizophrenia participated in the study. They exercised under professional supervision for a minimum of two sessions per week for 20 weeks and attended weekly lectures on a healthy lifestyle. The participants answered standardized questionnaires (PANSS, DASS, Rosenberg, CORE-OM, BHS, QOLS), and physical measurements (weight, height, body mass index, resting blood pressure, waist circumference and resting heart rate) were taken before and after the intervention. Six participants were interviewed after the intervention and asked about their experience. RESULTS Negative and general psychiatric symptoms, depression, anxiety and stress scores decreased significantly whereas well-being, quality of life and physical activity increased (p<0.05). Apart from resting heart rate that decreased (p<0.05), physical measurements remained unchanged at the end of the intervention. CONCLUSION The participants´ physical activity increased, their mental well-being improved, and they did not gain weight during the intervention period. Regular exercise under supervision and education about a healthy lifestyle are a beneficial adjunct to the primary treatment of people with schizophrenia.
Contact-State Segmentation Using Particle Filters for Programming by Human Demonstration in Compliant-Motion Tasks

This paper presents a contribution to programming by human demonstration, in the context of compliant-motion task specification for sensor-controlled robot systems that physically interact with the environment. One wants to learn about the geometric parameters of the task and segment the total motion executed by the human into subtasks for the robot, that can each be executed with simple compliant-motion task specifications. The motion of the human demonstration tool is sensed with a 3-D camera, and the interaction with the environment is sensed with a force sensor in the human demonstration tool. Both measurements are uncertain, and do not give direct information about the geometric parameters of the contacting surfaces, or about the contact formations (CFs) encountered during the human demonstration. The paper uses a Bayesian sequential Monte Carlo method (also known as a particle filter) to do the simultaneous estimation of the CF (discrete information) and the geometric parameters (continuous information). The simultaneous CF segmentation and the geometric parameter estimation are helped by the availability of a contact state graph of all possible CFs. The presented approach applies to all compliant-motion tasks involving polyhedral objects with a known geometry, where the uncertain geometric parameters are the poses of the objects. This work improves the state of the art by scaling the contact estimation to all possible contacts, by presenting a prediction step based on the topological information of a contact state graph, and by presenting efficient algorithms that allow the estimation to operate in real time. In real-world experiments, it is shown that the approach is able to discriminate in real time between some 250 different CFs in the graph
Transforming water infrastructure by linking water management and urban renewal in Rotterdam

There are different viewpoints possible with regard to new urban water infrastructural investments. A relatively new point of view is that renewal of water infrastructure needs to be linked to ongoing urban developments and urban renewal projects. This article investigates how water management in the city of Rotterdam developed its climate adaptation strategy by creating water management strategies linked to urban development strategies. A crucial factor for this new viewpoint was the recognition that water could contribute to solve urban problems by upgrading deprived neighbourhoods. This research indicates that the urban water managers in Rotterdam have initiated a successful water policy innovation, however, the institutional mechanisms in order to realize and maintain the proposed multi-stakeholder projects are still lacking. This is currently the major challenge for realizing climate adaptation in terms of water sensitive urban development.
GestureAgents: an agent-based framework for concurrent multi-task multi-user interaction

While the HCI community has been putting a lot of effort on creating physical interfaces for collaboration, studying multi-user interaction dynamics and creating specific applications to support (and test) this kind of phenomena, it has not addressed the problems implied in having multiple applications sharing the same interactive space. Having an ecology of rich interactive programs sharing the same interfaces poses questions on how to deal with interaction ambiguity in a cross-application way and still allow different programmers the freedom to program rich unconstrained interaction experiences. This paper describes GestureAgents, a framework demonstrating several techniques that can be used to coordinate different applications in order to have concurrent multi-user multi-tasking interaction and still dealing with gesture ambiguity across multiple applications.
Episodic memory and autonoetic consciousness: developmental evidence and a theory of childhood amnesia.

This research draws together Tulving's (1985) view on episodic memory and research on children's developing "theory of mind. " Episodic memory, in its technical meaning given by Tulving, requires the autonoetic consciousness of having experienced remembered events, but developmental findings suggest that children cannot encode events as experienced before the age of about 4 or 5 years. Before this age they have insufficient understanding of what constitutes experience, specifically they do not reflect on the perceptual origin of their own knowledge. To demonstrate such a link children between 3 and 6 years were assessed for their understanding of the perceptual origin of their own knowledge on different "see-know tests," in particular a test assessing understanding that our senses inform only about certain aspects of the perceived objects. A significant association was found between passing see-know tests and free recall, which persisted even when cued recall and verbal intelligence are partialed out. These results are used to argue that between 3 to 6 years children develop the ability to remember events as experienced and that this development can explain adults' inability to have recollective experiences of childhood events before that age (childhood amnesia).