Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial genetic patterns and distribution dynamics of Begonia grandis (Begoniaceae), a widespread herbaceous species in China

Introduction Begonia L. , one of the 10 largest plant genera, contains over 2,100 species, most of which have a very limited distribution range. Understanding the spatial genetic structure and distribution dynamics of a widespread species in this genus will contribute to clarifying the mechanism responsible for Begonia speciation. Methods In this study, we used three chloroplast DNA markers (ndhF-rpl32, atpI-atpH, and ndhA intron), coupled with species distribution modeling (SDM), to investigate the population genetic structure and distribution dynamics of Begonia grandis Dryand. , the species of Begonia with the widest distribution in China. Results Thirty-five haplotypes from 44 populations clustered into two groups, and haplotype divergence began in the Pleistocene (1.75 Mya). High genetic diversity (H d = 0.894, H T = 0.910), strong genetic differentiation (F ST = 0.835), and significant phylogeographical structure (G ST/N ST = 0.848/0.917, P < 0.05) were observed. The distribution range of B. grandis migrated northwards after the last glacial maximum, but its core distribution area remained stable. Discussion Combined, the observed spatial genetic patterns and SDM results identified the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the Three Gorges region, and the Daba Mountains as potential refugia of B. grandis. BEAST-derived chronogram and haplotype network analysis do not support the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae and Flora of China for subspecies classification based on morphological characteristics. Our results support the hypothesis that population-level allopatric differentiation may be an important speciation process for the Begonia genus and a key contributor to its rich diversity.
Ultrasonic evaluation of metoclopramide’s effect on gastric motility in emergency trauma patients

Objective: The present study aimed to use bedside ultrasound to evaluate the effects of metoclopramide on gastric motility in patients being treated for trauma in the emergency department. Methods: Fifty patients underwent an ultrasound immediately after attending the emergency department of Zhang Zhou Hospital due to trauma. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: a metoclopramide group (group M, n = 25) and a normal saline group (group S, n = 25). The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastric antrum was measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min (T = time). The gastric emptying rate (GER, G E R = − A a r e a T n / A a r e a T n − 30 − 1 × 100 ), GER/min (GER divided by the corresponding interval time), gastric content properties, Perlas grade at different time points, T120 gastric volume (GV), and GV per unit of body weight (GV/W) were evaluated. The risk of vomiting, reflux/aspiration, and type of anesthetic treatment were also evaluated. Results: The differences between the two groups in the CSA of the gastric antrum at each time point were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The CSAs of the gastric antrum in group M were lower than those in group S, and the greatest difference between the two groups occurred at T30 (p < 0.001). The differences between the two groups in GER and GER/min were also statistically significant (p < 0.001); those differences in group M were higher than those in group S, and the greatest differences between the two groups occurred at T30 (p < 0.001). There were no obvious change trends in the properties of the gastric contents and the Perlas grades in either group, and the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant (p = 0.97). The differences between the two groups in the GV and GV/W at T120 were statistically significant (p < 0.001), as was the risk of reflux and aspiration at T120 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: When metoclopramide was used in satiated emergency trauma patients, it accelerated gastric emptying within 30 min and reduced the risk of accidental reflux. However, a normal gastric emptying level was not achieved, which can be attributed to the delaying effect of trauma on gastric emptying.
The Belt and Road Initiative and enterprise green innovation: evidence from Chinese manufacturing enterprises

Building a green silk road is an important path toward implementation of the UN 2030 sustainable development goals. The purpose of the paper is to discuss the sustainable development goals of the “Belt and Road” Initiative (BRI) by evaluating the relationship between the BRI and enterprise green innovation. Employing the technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework to build a theoretical model based on the micro data of Chinese manufacturing enterprises from 2011 to 2018, and using the difference-in-differences method, this paper analyzes the BRI’s influence on the green innovation of enterprises. The research results indicate that the BRI has significantly enhanced the level of green innovation in Chinese manufacturing enterprises. This effect is still robust after the analysis of PSM-DID excluding the interference of policies in the same period and heterogeneity analysis. The results of the mechanism analysis show that the percentage of R&D employees, policy support and R&D expenditure can enhance the positive effects of the BRI’s influence on enterprise green innovation. The marginal contribution of this paper is to identify the causal relationship between the BRI and green innovation, add a new micro perspective to the research on the relationship between the BRI and sustainable development, and reveal a new micro mechanism.
Associations between the muscle quality index and adult lung functions from NHANES 2011–2012

Background The muscle quality index (MQI), as an important component of sarcopenia, is defined as the ratio of muscle strength to muscle mass. Lung function, is a clinical indicator to assess ventilation and air exchange function. This study investigated the relationship between lung function indices and MQI in the NHANES database from 2011 to 2012. Methods This study included 1,558 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2012. Muscle mass and muscle strength were assessed using DXA and handgrip strength, and all participants underwent pulmonary function measurements. Multiple linear regression and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess the correlation between the MQI and lung function indices. Results In the adjusted model, MQI was significantly correlated with FVC% and PEF%. And, after quartiles of MQI in Q3, where FEV1%, FVC%, and PEF% were all associated with MQI, in Q4, a lower relative risk of a restrictive spirometry pattern was linked to increased MQI. Compared to the lower age group, the relationship between the MQI and lung function indices was more significant in the higher age group. Conclusion There was an association between the MQI and lung function indices. Furthermore, in the middle-aged and older adult populations, lung function indicators and restrictive ventilation impairment were significantly associated with MQI. This implies that improving lung function through muscle training may be beneficial to this group.
Bibliometric and visualized analysis of metal-organic frameworks in biomedical application

Background: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are hybrid materials composed of metal ions or clusters and organic ligands that spontaneously assemble via coordination bonds to create intramolecular pores, which have recently been widely used in biomedicine due to their porosity, structural, and functional diversity. They are used in biomedical applications, including biosensing, drug delivery, bioimaging, and antimicrobial activities. Our study aims to provide scholars with a comprehensive overview of the research situations, trends, and hotspots in biomedical applications of MOFs through a bibliometric analysis of publications from 2002 to 2022. Methods: On 19 January 2023, the Web of Science Core Collection was searched to review and analyze MOFs applications in the biomedical field. A total of 3,408 studies published between 2002 and 2022 were retrieved and examined, with information such as publication year, country/region, institution, author, journal, references, and keywords. Research hotspots were extracted and analyzed using the Bibliometrix R-package, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. Results: We showed that researchers from 72 countries published articles on MOFs in biomedical applications, with China producing the most publications. The Chinese Academy of Science was the most prolific contributor to these publications among 2,209 institutions that made contributions. Reference co-citation analysis classifies references into 8 clusters: synergistic cancer therapy, efficient photodynamic therapy, metal-organic framework encapsulation, selective fluorescence, luminescent probes, drug delivery, enhanced photodynamic therapy, and metal-organic framework-based nanozymes. Keyword co-occurrence analysis divided keywords into 6 clusters: biosensors, photodynamic therapy, drug delivery, cancer therapy and bioimaging, nanoparticles, and antibacterial applications. Research frontier keywords were represented by chemodynamic therapy (2020–2022) and hydrogen peroxide (2020–2022). Conclusion: Using bibliometric methods and manual review, this review provides a systematic overview of research on MOFs in biomedical applications, filling an existing gap. The burst keyword analysis revealed that chemodynamic therapy and hydrogen peroxide are the prominent research frontiers and hot spots. MOFs can catalyze Fenton or Fenton-like reactions to generate hydroxyl radicals, making them promising materials for chemodynamic therapy. MOF-based biosensors can detect hydrogen peroxide in various biological samples for diagnosing diseases. MOFs have a wide range of research prospects for biomedical applications.
Accessibility in assessment for learning: sharing criteria for success

Assessment for learning (AfL) practices in secondary schools are intended to help learners understand what expert performances in disciplines look like, and then apply this understanding to their own learning and assessment performances. Common AfL practices such as sharing criteria for success through rubrics and students using them to interrogate exemplars and give feedback rely heavily on the students’ language and attention. Students need to understand and draw on conceptual and collaborative language, and to make connections across several activity stages. Consequently, students with language and/or attentional difficulties and their teachers face a dilemma. On the one hand, AfL practices can provide access to developmentally appropriate curriculum. On the other, AfL practices may present additional barriers to learning. This article identifies some of the barriers students with language and/or attentional difficulties may encounter in common AfL practices, and how teachers adapted sharing of success criteria to design for greater accessibility. Access to learning is conceptualized by referring to Dewey’s principles of continuity and interaction. Interviews with 20 teachers were analyzed to find out how they adapted AfL to be more accessible in an 8 week AfL pedagogical intervention focused on success criteria. Ideas for designing accessible AfL practices from the outset are outlined as teachers realized the role of their language, small steps, visual tools, and regular opportunities for connection and interactions in making it more likely for students to benefit from AfL practices. Given that students with language and/or attentional difficulties represent some of the highest occurrences of disability in student populations, these ideas have immediate relevance for teachers and those who support AfL practices in educational policy and research.
Species-level identification of the critically endangered European sturgeon Acipencer sturio using DNA-based approaches

The native European sturgeon Acipenser sturio is the focus of restoration programs. However, A. sturio identification by direct observation is not always obvious for non-specialists. We aimed to develop a quick and easy genetic tool applicable to identify the species at risk in case of incidental capture or monitoring either at sea or in the watershed. We showed that primers and probe developed allow specific amplification for A. sturio by PCR, qPCR and Real-Time Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) techniques. We determine benefits and limits of each method and highlight perspectives for field applications within the frame of conservation programs.
Connecting higher‐order interactions with ecological stability in experimental aquatic food webs

Community ecology is built on theories that represent the strength of interactions between species as pairwise links. Higher order interactions occur when the presence of a third (or more) species changes the pairwise interaction between a focal pair. Recent theoretical work has highlighted the stabilizing role of higher order interactions for large, simulated communities, yet it remains unclear how important higher order effects are in real communities. Here we used experimental communities of aquatic protists to examine the relationship between higher-order interactions and community stability (as measured by the persistence of species in a community). We cultured a focal pair of consumers in the presence of additional competitors and a predator and collected time series data of their abundances. We then fitted competition models with and without HOIs to measure interaction strength between the focal pair across different community compositions. We used survival analysis to measure the persistence of individual species. We found evidence that additional species positively affected persistence of the focal species and that HOIs were present in most of our communities. However, persistence was only linked to HOIs for one of the focal species. Our results vindicate community ecology theory positing that species interactions may deviate from assumptions of pairwise interactions, opening avenues to consider possible consequences for coexistence and community stability.
Partisan Bias, Economic Expectations, and Household Spending

Abstract The well-documented rise in political polarization among the U.S. electorate over the past 20 years has been accompanied by a substantial increase in the effect of partisan bias on survey-based measures of economic expectations. Individuals have a more optimistic view on future economic conditions when they are more closely affiliated with the party that controls the White House, and this tendency has increased significantly over time. Individuals report a large shift in economic expectations based on partisan affiliation after the 2008 and 2016 elections, but administrative data on spending shows no effect of these shifts on actual household spending.
MOD p POINTS ON SHIMURA VARIETIES OF PARAHORIC LEVEL

We study the Fp-points of the Kisin–Pappas integral models of Shimura varieties of Hodge type with parahoric level. We show that if the group is quasi-split, then every isogeny class contains the reduction of a CM point, proving a conjecture of Kisin–Madapusi-Pera–Shin. We furthermore show that the mod p isogeny classes are of the form predicted by the Langlands–Rapoport conjecture (cf. Conjecture 9.2 of [47]) if either the Shimura variety is proper or if the group at p is unramified. An important ingredient in our work is a global argument that allows us to reduce the conjecture to the case of very special parahoric level. To deal with this case, we use a result of Rong Zhou on the connected components of affine Deligne–Lusztig varieties with very special level proved in the Appendix. As a corollary to our arguments, we obtain irreducibility results for Ekedahl–Oort strata.
Analysis of the Random Effects Estimator of a Hierarchical Model With Heavy Tailed Priori Distributions

Hierarchical Bayesian models are used in data modeling in different areas in which hierarchical structures are reflected through random effects.Usually the Normal distribution is used to model the random effects. The Inverse-gamma(ε,ε) distribution is used as prior distribution for scale parameters with very small ε values, this selection has been criticized, some authors comment that unstable posterior distributions can be obtained, which causes not robust inference. Distributions such as half -Cauchy, Scaled Beta2 (SBeta2) and Uniform are considered as alternatives by many authors to model the scale parameter. In the present research work, the behavior of the random effects estimators in a hierarchical model with a Bayesian approach was examined. It was assumed random effects distribution t-Student and scale parameter distributions half -Cauchy, SBeta2 and Uniform. A simulation study was carry on to evaluate the behavior of the random effects estimators. Based on the obtained results, and under differen scenarios, it was possible to examine the shrinkage of the posterior parameters of the model. We concluded that in presence of atypical values, the shrinkage is lower when the effects are modeled with a t-Student distribution compared with those obtained when a Normal distribution is associated to the random effects, under the same prior distribution for the scale parameter.
HOMOTOPY PERTURBATION METHOD FOR SOLVING MODELLING THE POLLUTION OF A SYSTEM OF LAKES

Abstract: In this article, homotopy perturbation method is implemented to give approximate and analytical solutions of nonlinear ordinary differential equation systems such as modelling the pollution of a system of lakes. The proposed scheme is based on homotopy perturbation method (HPM), Laplace transform and PadA© approximants. The results to get the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) are applied PadA© approximants. The accuracy of this method is examined by comparison with the Matlab ode23s. Our proposed approach showed results to analytical solutions of nonlinear ordinary differential equation systems. Some plots are presented to show the reliability and simplicity of the methods. Key words: PadA© approximants, homotopy perturbation method, modelling the pollution of a system of lakes BIR GOLLER SISTEMININ KIRLILIK MODELININ HOMOTOPY PERTURBATION YONTEMI ILE COZUMU Ozet: Bu makale de bir goller sisteminin kirlilik modeli gibi lineer olmayan adi diferensiyel denklem sisteminin yaklasik analitik cozumunu bulmak icin homotopy perturbation yontemi uygulandi. Onerilen yontem homotopy perturbation yontemi, Laplace donusumu ve PadA© yaklasimini baz alir. Homotopy perturbation yontemin'den elde edilen sonuclara PadA© yaklasimi onerildi. Bu yontemin dogrulugu Matlab ode23s ile mukayese edildi. Onerdigimiz yaklasim, lineer olmayan adi diferensiyel denklem sistemlerinin analitik cozumlerini gosterdi. Yontemin guvenilirligini ve basitligini gostermek icin bazi grafikler sunuldu. Anahtar kelimeler: PadA© yaklasimi, Homotopy perturbation yontemi, Bir goller sisteminin kirlilik modeli
Statistical Dependency Analysis using Backward Beam Search

係 り受 け解析は 日本語文解析の基本的な方法 として認識 されている. 日 本語の係 り受 けは,ほ とん どが前方か ら後方であるため,解 析 は文末か ら文頭の方向へ解析 を進 め る事 は効率的で あり,こ れ まで もルールベースの解析手法ではい くつかの提案がある. また,統 計的文解析は英語,日 本語等の言語 を問わず数多 くの提案があ り,そ の有効 性が確認 されている. 本 論文では,上 記の二つの特徴 を兼ね備 えた 日本語文係 り受け 解析 を提案 し,そ の実験結果 を示 し,有 効性 を実証す る. シ ステムの精度 は,正 しい 文節解析がで きた所か ら開始 した場合,京 大 コーパ スを使用 した実験で係 り受け正解 率が87. 2%,文 正解率が40. 8%と 高い精度を示 してい る. ビ ームサーチのビーム幅 を 調整 した実験 では,ビ ーム幅を小 さ くする事 による精度の劣化が認め られ なかった. 実際 にビーム幅が1の 際に得 られた結果の95%は ビーム幅20の 時の最良の結果 と同 一で あった . ま た,N-best文 正解率 を見た時 には,Nが20の 時には78. 5%と い う非 常に高い結果 を示 してい る. 解 析速度は,解 析 アル ゴリズムから推測 される通 り,文 節数の2乗 に比例 し,平 均0. 03秒(平 均 文節数10.0),最 長文である41文 節の文に対 しては0. 29秒 で解析 を行なった.
Combined estimating function for random coefficient models with correlated errors

ABSTRACT Estimating functionshave been shown to be convenient to study inference for non linear time series models. Recently, Thavaneswaran et al. (2012) used combined estimating functions to study inference for random coefficient autoregressive (RCA) models with generalized autoregressive heteroscedasticity errors. While most RCA modeling assumes that the random term and the error are independent, Chandra and Taniguchi (2001) studied inference for RCA models with correlated errors using linear estimating functions. In this paper, we derive the quadratic estimating functions for the joint estimation of the conditional mean, variance, and correlation parameters of the RCA models with correlated errors.
Comparator Groups in ICU-Based Studies of Physical Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review of 125 Studies

OBJECTIVES: To characterize comparator groups (CGs) in ICU-based studies of physical rehabilitation (PR), including the type, content, and reporting. DATA SOURCES: We followed a five-stage scoping review methodology, searching five databases from inception to June 30, 2022. Study selection and data extraction were completed independently, in duplicate. STUDY SELECTION: We screened studies by title and abstract, then full-text. We included prospective studies with greater than or equal to two arms enrolling mechanically ventilated adults (≥ 18 yr), with any planned PR intervention initiated in the ICU. DATA EXTRACTION: We conducted a quantitative content analysis of authors’ description of CG type and content. We categorized similar CG types (e.g., usual care), classified content into unique activities (e.g., positioning), and summarized these data using counts (proportions). We assessed reporting using Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT; proportion of reported items/total applicable). DATA SYNTHESIS: One hundred twenty-five studies were included, representing 127 CGs. PR was planned in 112 CGs (88.2%; 110 studies), representing four types: usual care (n = 81, 63.8%), alternative treatment than usual care (e.g., different from intervention; n = 18, 14.2%), alternative treatment plus usual care (n = 7, 5.5%), and sham (n = 6, 4.7%). Of 112 CGs with planned PR, 90 CGs (88 studies) reported 60 unique activities, most commonly passive range of motion (n = 47, 52.2%). The remaining 22 CGs (19.6%; 22 studies) reported vague descriptions. PR was not planned in 12 CGs (9.5%; 12 studies), and three CGs (2.4%; three studies) reported no details. Studies reported a median (Q1–Q3) of 46.6% (25.0–73.3%) CERT items. Overall, 20.0% of studies reported no detail to understand planned CG activities. CONCLUSIONS: The most common type of CG was usual care. We identified heterogeneity in planned activities and CERT reporting deficiencies. Our results could help guide the selection, design, and reporting of CGs in future ICU-based PR studies.
Low- T c direct current superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer-based 36-channel magnetocardiography system in a magnetically shielded room

We constructed a 36-channel magnetocardiography (MCG) system based on low-Tc direct current (DC) superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometers operated inside a magnetically shielded room (MSR). Weakly damped SQUID magnetometers with large Steward–McCumber parameter βc (βc ≈ 5), which could directly connect to the operational amplifier without any additional feedback circuit, were used to simplify the readout electronics. With a flux-to-voltage transfer coefficient ∂ V/∂ Φ larger than 420 μV/Φ 0, the SQUID magnetometers had a white noise level of about 5.5 fTHz−1/2 when operated in MSR. 36 sensing magnetometers and 15 reference magnetometers were employed to realize software gradiometer configurations. The coverage area of the 36 sensing magnetometers is 210×210 mm2. MCG measurements with a high signal-to-noise ratio of 40 dB were done successfully using the developed system.
Accelerator physics: basic principles on beam focusing and transport

In this lecture we introduce from basic principles the main concepts of beam focusing and transport in modern accelerators using the beam envelope equation as a convenient mathematical tool. Matching conditions suitable to preserve the beam quality are derived from the model for significant beam dynamics regimes. An extension of the model to the plasma accelerator case is introduced. The understanding of similarities and differences with respect to traditional accelerators are also emphasized.