Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stabilization using both noisy and noiseless feedback

When designing a distributed control system, the system designer has a choice in how to connect the different units through communication channels. In practice, noiseless and noisy channels may coexist. Using the standard toy example of scalar stabilization, this paper shows how a small amount of noiseless feedback can perform a ``supervisory'' role and thereby boost the effectiveness of noisy feedback.
Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences

: The geochemical distribution of several trace metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), chrome (Cr), cobalt (Co) and iron (Fe)) was investigated using five sequential extraction procedures to provide information on their distribution and environmental impacts on the Iraqi coastal sediments. Sediment samples were collected from 16 sites along the coast to determine the concentrations of the above metals. The concentration and ratios of these metals were estimated in the sediment extract (concentration on the exchange surfaces, carbonates, manganese oxides and iron oxides, organic matter and those associated with the remainder) using extraction methods (magnesium chloride, 1 molar of sodium acetate, 0.5 molar of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, 0.2 molar of ammonium oxalate, concentrated nitric acid and 25% of hydrofluoric acid) to extract and separate the above fractions in order. The results indicated that the total sediment content of Pb and Cd were higher than their rate of occurrence in the crust, while copper, zinc, nickel, chrome, cobalt and iron were within those limits. According to the I-geo the metals Cr, Cu and Zn are considered at unpolluted class while Ni and Pb were ranged from moderately to strongly level. On the other had Cd was found at extremely level as its I-geo exceeded the highest-class value. These metals are bonded to different power bonds. Pb, Cr and Co have dominant in exchangeable and carbonates fraction. Iraqi tidal flats is characterized by very high risk considering Cr, Pb, Co and Cu which represented by RAC values, so they can move to the solution to become available for living.
Letter from the Special Issue Editor

The Bulletin of the Technical Committee on Data Engineering is published quarterly and is distributed to all TC members. Its scope includes the design, implementation, modelling, theory and application of database systems and their technology. Letters, conference information, and news should be sent to the Editor-in-Chief. Papers for each issue are solicited by and should be sent to the Associate Editor responsible for the issue. Opinions expressed in contributions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the positions of the TC on Data Engineering, the IEEE Computer Society, or the authors' organizations. Membership in the TC on Data Engineering is open to all current members of the IEEE Computer Society who are interested in database systems. About this issue Query processing has been, and will continue to be, enormously important to the successful application of databases to real user problems. Indeed, users are placing increased demands on databases in such areas as data ware-housing, on-line analytic processing (OLAP), distribution, etc. In such applications, databases may be multi-gigabytes, even terabytes, in size. And the queries can become very complex, involving multiple joins and multiple aggregations. It is a crucial and challenging task to ensure that such queries can execute efficiently. The current issue was assembled by Goetz Graefe, a leader in the field both of query processing technology and its application to real database systems. It includes papers solicited by Goetz on some of the current active areas in query processing and its application, including how one might assess the job done by an optimizer. I want to thank Goetz for taking time from his very hectic Microsoft schedule to put the issue together. I think you will find it rewarding reading. As I indicated in my last letter (June issue), while we have not resolved our long term financial situation, we continue to enjoy the support of the IEEE Computer Society and its Technical Activities Board (TAB). This support, for which we are grateful, is manifest in the TAB's providing us with sufficient budget to continue, on a year to year basis, with the hardcover publication and distribution of the Bulletin. We continue to make the Bulletin available electronically via the Microsoft FTP server. The procedure for this is to log on to as " anonymous " and give as your password your email address. Change directories as follows-cd pub cd debull You can then do a …
Outcome Measures Comparing Two Tools for Identifying Audiological Needs in the Elderly Homebound Population

The purpose of the study was to determine if the section concerning hearing ability on the Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS B-1) form is comparable to the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly Screening version (HHIE-S) in identifying elderly homebound individuals in need of further audiological services. Results from these two tools were compared to the 3-fre-quency pure-tone-average threshold (PTA) in the better ear for 41 elderly home-bound individuals. The OASIS B-1 had a higher correlation with the PTA ( r = .65) compared to the HHIE-S ( r = .43). Results indicated either tool could be administered or the OASIS B-1 can be used first, followed by the HHIE-S, although results may be dependent on the experience of the individual administering the OASIS B-1.
THE ACADEMY OF REHABILITATIVE AUDIOLOGY Development of Hindi Test of Speech Perception (HTSP) for Children Using Hearing Aids and Cochlear Implants

Rationale The purpose of this study was to develop and assess the psychometric properties of the Hindi Test of Speech Perception (HTSP), which is intended for use with children with hearing impairment. Methods The HTSP test was administered to 43 Hindi-speaking children, aged 6-8 years, with severe-to-profound hearing loss. Twenty-two were bilateral hearing aid users and 21 were unilateral cochlear implant users. Test stimuli included a total of 78 words that could be displayed as pictures. Pictorial representations of the words were distributed (2 picture plates each) across 3 subtests to assess pattern perception, bi-syllabic word identification, and monosyllabic word identification. Results The children who wore a cochlear implant performed significantly better than the children who wore bilateral hearing aids. The HTSP demonstrated high test-retest reliability, item reliability and split-half reliability.
Phosphorus-cadmium cycling in northeast Pacific waters

The vertical distributions of dissolved and particulate Cd and PO, were determined in water samples collected off the central California coast. The same elements, plus carbon, were also measured in passively sinking particulates that were caught in particle interceptor traps set at depths of 35, 65, 150, 500, 750, and 1500 m. As expected, close relationships were observed between these elements; Cd and PO, concentrations in the suspended and trapped particulates decreased markedly with depth, suggesting that these elements are released as their organic carriers are destroyed. This, in turn, leads to maxima for soluble Cd and PO, regularly observed at mid-depths. The dissolved Cd and PO, concentrations observed in water, together with the flux data for these elements, were used to calculate residence times for various segments of the water column. Residence times of one year were found for the upper 65 m in comparison to ~ 250 years for the upper 750 m for both Cd and PO,. Various components of the PO, cycle actually measured in this study, together with estimates from the literature, were combined in a schematic drawing in an attempt to depict the PO, cycle occurring in the upper waters of the ocean.
Diverse Sami Livelihoods A Comparative Study of Livelihoods in Mountain-Reindeer Husbandry Communities in Swedish Sápmi 1860–1920

Swedish state policy regarding the Sami from the late nineteenth century onward and studies on Sami history have tended to treat reindeer husbandry as much more important than other liveli-hoods practiced by Sami communities and families. By comparing live-lihood diversity in southern and northern mountain-reindeer husbandry communities in Swedish Sápmi (the traditional land of the Sami people) during the period 1860–1920, this study challenges the notions of Sami as reindeer herders and mountain reindeer husbandry as a no-madic monoculture. The results shows that Sami communities and families exploited diverse natural resources, trades and means of sub-sistence. The study supports an understanding of historical Sami live-lihoods, were reindeer husbandry as recognized as one of various Sami trades and means of subsistence, rather than as the Sami livelihood.
Weak B‐Type Olivine Fabric Induced by Fast Compaction of Crystal Mush in a Crustal Magma Reservoir

Understanding the deformation mechanisms of olivine has been considered as the crucial factor in tracing the dynamic processes from seismic anisotropy. Due to extensive overprinting of deformation and alteration, natural examples of original magmatic fabric of olivine are scarce. In this study we selected one wehrlite and three dunite samples from a deep borehole in the Poyi mafic‐ultramafic intrusion in the Tarim Craton. The fresh samples show adcumulate texture and plastic deformation of dry olivine (≤10 ppm H2O). Thermobarometer calculations yield crystallization conditions at 200–400 MPa and >1,124–1,275 °C. Olivine developed a B‐type fabric characterized by a concentration of [001] axes parallel to the interpreted lineation and that of [010] axes normal to the interpreted foliation. Activation of [001] and [100] dislocations is confirmed by microstructural observations. Simulation of gravity‐driven compaction process reveals extremely rapid compaction of kilometer‐scale crystal mush in the Poyi magmatic system. During the early compaction with high porosity, crystallographic habit of olivine may produce shape‐preferred orientation and the related B‐type fabric. In the final stage of compaction and crystallization, the initial shape‐preferred orientation was gradually overprinted, whereas the weak B‐type fabric has remained with dislocation creep and dislocation‐accommodated grain boundary sliding. Calculated seismic velocities of peridotite samples show low P and S wave anisotropies, with the fastest S wave polarization direction normal to the foliation. Hence, a mush‐dominated ultramafic intrusion exhibits weak seismic anisotropy, which has potential to better understand seismic anisotropy in the transcrustal magmatic systems.
Type Classification of Sudden Stratospheric Warming Based on Pre- and Postwarming Periods

In existing literature, sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events have been typically defined as displacement or split types. Detailed reexamination of SSW evolution has revealed that an SSW event often alters its type before and after the central day of the warming event. On the basis of this observation, we objectively define three types of SSW using wave amplitude: displacement–displacement (DD) type, displacement–split (DS) type, and split–split (SS) type. The geopotential height (GPH) amplitude of zonal wavenumbers 1 and 2 averaged over 55°–65°N at 10 hPa was used as a criterion for the classification. If the amplitude of zonal wavenumber 1 is larger (smaller) than that of wavenumber 2 before and after the central day of SSW, the event is regarded as a DD (SS) type. If the amplitude of zonal wavenumber 1 is larger than that of wavenumber 2 before the central day but is smaller after that day, the event is regarded as a DS type. The above classification algorithm has been applied to both reanalysis data and model results. We observe that conventional split-type SSW events identified by previous studies can be categorized as either DS- or SS-type events, each type of which exhibits different evolution characteristics. In particular, they are distinctively different during the prewarming period. In the SS type, the characteristics of the conventional split type are more obvious, and the features that differ from those of the DD type are the most robust. The model results generally resemble the reanalysis data, particularly in the DD cases.
The Study of Relationship of Soil Physics Health and Micro-Climate Characteristics on Paddy Fields

Global food security and environmental stability will be threatened by population growth, land usage, and land change. Proper soil management in plant production helps reduce temperature and humidity-induced plant deterioration. This study aims to identify soil physics health (SPH), microclimate characteristics, and the relationship between the two in managing organic and inorganic paddy fields. The research location is in Purwantoro District, Wonogiri Regency, using descriptive explorative research, with purposive soil sampling at work map, made by overlay thematic maps, resulting in 9 LMU. The observation and sampling were carried out in the maximum vegetative phase of plants, while the micro-climate is in the generation phase. The determination of the soil physics health status used the scoring method. Using the T-test, Pearson’s correlation test finds the relationship between SPH and micro-climate characteristics and the differences between the two. The results showed the distribution of SPH in organic farming is healthy (74.7) and very healthy (83.3), while inorganic farming is healthy (79.72). The temperature is optimal, ranging from 23.5°C to 30.1°C, but the humidity is minimum in the range of 35.3% to 76.1%. The SPH and micro-climate have a significant relationship, with a positive correlation between air and soil temperature with SPH and a negative correlation between air humidity and soil moisture.
Dynamics of Land Use in the City of Abidjan from 1986 to 2017: Contribution of Remote Sensing and GIS

The city of Abidjan is located in the south-east of Côte d'Ivoire knows a spatio-temporal dynamics of the occupation of its soil. Anthropogenic activities and the increase of the population contribute strongly to this situation. The objective of this study is to follow the evolution of land use in the Abidjan zone from 1986 to 2017. The study was conducted using satellite data and field observations. It is based on the diachronic analysis of Landsat satellite images from 1986, 2000, 2015 and 2017. The different Landsat images were processed by the classification methods supervised using the maximum likelihood algorithm. The thematic maps produced made it possible to highlight the spatio-temporal dynamics of the land use from 1986 to 2017 in the Abidjan area. The results obtained showed a negative overall evolution of the types of occupation of the territory of our study area. Thus, over this period, there is an annual increase of 1.16% of the habitat/bare soil class against a regression of the other units of land occupation. *Corresponding author: Kassi JB, Laboratory of Geosciences Marines, Department of the Earth Sciences and the Mining Resources (URF-STRM), Félix Houphouet-Boigny University of Abidjan, Cocody, Ivory Coast, Tel: +22545430555; E-mail: ahonjb.kassi@curat-edu.org Received May 08, 2018; Accepted June 01, 2018; Published June 05, 2018 Citation: Adon GC, Kassi JB, Yoboue CK (2018) Dynamics of Land Use in the City of Abidjan from 1986 to 2017: Contribution of Remote Sensing and GIS. J Environ Anal Toxicol 8: 573. doi: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000573 Copyright: © 2018 Adon GC, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Citation: Adon GC, Kassi JB, Yoboue CK (2018) Dynamics of Land Use in the City of Abidjan from 1986 to 2017: Contribution of Remote Sensing and GIS. J Environ Anal Toxicol 8: 573. doi: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000573
Development of an Automated Feeding System for Hydroponic Plant Nutrition Using Arduino Uno

Hydroponic farming has been a promising alternative to traditional farming, but providing plants with proper and consistent nutrition remains challenging. The issue in the research is the inaccuracy of the nutrients provided to the plants, resulting in growth that does not meet the expectations. This study aims to develop an automated nutrition system for hydroponic farming using Arduino Uno and total dissolved solids (TDS) sensors. In conducting this research, the study began with a preliminary exploration, followed by the design and integration process. Subsequently, testing and experiments were conducted on a small scale. Preliminary studies were conducted to understand existing hydroponic practices and challenges in manually supplying nutrients. The design of an automation system with Arduino Uno and a TDS sensor is made to control nutrition automatically. Automation systems are tested and calibrated to ensure accuracy and proper response. Implementation on a small scale was done with a test group and a control group in hydroponics. Growth and yield data were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the automated system provided precise and consistent nutrition, increasing plant growth and yields compared to manual methods. This research makes a scientific contribution to developing sustainable and efficient agriculture. In conclusion, nutrition automation using Arduino Uno and TDS sensors is an effective solution to increase the efficiency and productivity of hydroponic farming. Keywords: hydroponics, automation, plant nutrition, Arduino Uno TDS sensor
Group A Streptococcus Pili—Roles in Pathogenesis and Potential for Vaccine Development

The Gram-positive human pathogen Group A Streptococcus (GAS, Streptococcus pyogenes) employs an arsenal of virulence factors that contribute to its pathogenesis. The pilus is an important factor that enables the pathogen to adhere to and colonize host tissues. Emerging research in pilus function shows that pili’s involvement in establishing infection extends beyond host adhesion. The diversity of GAS pilus types reflect the varying characteristics identified in different pili. With the development of new experimental systems and animal models, a wider range of biological functions have been explored. This brief review summarizes recent reports of new functions in different GAS pilus types and the methodologies that contributed to the findings. The established importance of the pilus in GAS pathogenesis makes this surface structure a promising vaccine target. This article also reviews recent advancements in pilus-based vaccine strategies and discusses certain aspects that should be considered in vaccine development according to the newly defined properties of pili.
Which Extratropical Cyclones Contribute Most to the Transport of Moisture in the Southern Hemisphere?

Predicted changes in Southern Hemisphere (SH) precipitation and Antarctic ice mass correspond to variations in the meridional moisture flux (MMF). Thirty‐five years of ERA‐Interim reanalysis data are combined with an extratropical cyclone (ETC) identification and tracking algorithm to investigate factors controlling SH MMF variability in the midlatitudes and near Antarctica. ETC characteristics which exert the strongest control on ETC MMF are determined thus identifying which ETCs contribute most to SH moisture transport. ETC poleward propagation speed exerts the strongest control on the ETC MMF across the Antarctic coastline. In SH winter, ETCs with the largest poleward propagation speeds transport 2.5 times more moisture than an average ETC. In the midlatitudes, ETC genesis latitude and poleward propagation speed have a similar influence on ETC MMF. Surprisingly, ETC maximum vorticity has little control on ETC MMF. Cyclone compositing is used to determine the reasons for these statistical relationships. ETCs generally exhibit a dipole of poleward and equatorward MMF downstream and upstream of the cyclone center, respectively. However, ETCs with the largest poleward propagation speeds resemble open frontal waves with strong poleward moisture transport downstream of the cyclone center only and thus result in the largest MMF. These results suggest that inhomogeneous trends and predicted changes in precipitation over Antarctica may be due to changes in cyclone track orientation, associated with changes to the large‐scale background flow, in addition to changes in cyclone number or intensity.
Quantifying peat hydrodynamic properties and their influence on water table depths in peatlands of southern Quebec (Canada)

Water table depth in peatlands is strongly linked to physical properties of the peat, such as density (ρdry), peat composition and humification, hydraulic conductivity (K), and specific yield (Sy). Dry bulk density and peat depth are commonly used as indicators of K in ecohydrological models. However, no mathematical relationship exists to quantify Sy based on K and ρdry. As a result, ecohydrological models cannot explicitly reproduce the strong buffering capacity of peatlands. The objectives of this study were to analyse the literature‐reported mathematical link between all the physical properties to develop new mathematical relationships between these parameters and to evaluate whether variations in the physical properties of the peat control water table depth in peatlands. Seven peatlands located in the St. Lawrence Lowlands (Québec, Canada) were sampled, and 1 m long peat cores were collected from up‐gradient, mid‐gradient, and down‐gradient zones. All cores were used to measure ρdry, K, Sy, and to estimate peat composition and humification. Statistically significant correlations were found between (a) K and Sy (log–log model), (b) K and depth (log–log model), (c) Sy and depth (log–log model), (d) ρdry and Sy (log model), and (e) ρdry and K (log model). No significant difference was found in either K or Sy between sites. However, significant differences were found in water table depths. Because they provide a fuller description of the peat properties that control water table depths, these newly developed functions have the potential to improve the capacity of ecohydrological models to simulate time‐varying hydrological conditions.
Dynamic Manning's roughness coefficients for hydrological modelling in basins

Manning9s roughness coefficient ( n ) has a significant impact on routing in hydrological models. However, computational methods for dynamic roughness coefficients are of little concern in current research. Few studies have produced spatial-temporal distributions of the roughness coefficients in basins. In this study, a formula to calculate the n value was established based on a statistical analysis of estimated n values by Manning9s formula. The routing model of a distributed hydrological model was then improved using the new formula to calculate n . The roughness coefficient is not a constant; instead, it changes dynamically with changes in water depth and vegetation in the improved hydrological model. The improved model was applied to the Yellow River basin. The results show that using dynamic n can improve the streamflow simulation of hydrological models, especially on slopes. The dynamic spatial-temporal distribution of n can now be used in other models.