Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Marginal Fermi Liquid - An Exact Derivation Based on Dirac's First Class Constraints Method

Dirac’s method for constraints is used for solving the problem of exclusion of double occupancy for Correlated Electrons. The constraints are enforced by the pair operator Q(~x) = ψ↓(~x)ψ↑(~x) which annihilates the ground state |Ψ0 >. Away from half fillings the operator Q(~x) is replaced by a set of first class Non-Abelian constraints Q (−) α (~x) restricted to negative energies. The propagator for a single hole away from half fillings is determined by modified measure which is a function of the time duration of the hole propagator. As a result: a) The imaginary part of the self energy is linear in the frequency. At large hole concentrations a Fermi Liquid self energy is obtained. b) For the Superconducting state the constraints generate an asymmetric spectrum excitations between electrons and holes giving rise to an asymmetry tunneling density of states. Referee Comments: ”‘It is indeed refreshing to see an attempt at a completely novel route to some of these problems. The new approach presented in the manuscript has the potential of stimulating significant further developments by other researchers. I am looking forward for others to follow in the footsteps of the ideas presented in this
Charge-exchange scattering to the isobaric analog state at medium energies as a probe of the neutron skin

The charge-exchange (3He,t) scattering to the isobaric analog state (IAS) of the target can be considered as "elastic" scattering of 3He by the isovector term of the optical potential (OP) that flips the projectile isospin. Therefore, the accurately measured charge-exchange scattering cross- section for the IAS can be a good probe of the isospin dependence of the OP, which is determined exclusively within the folding model by the difference between the neutron and proton densities and isospin dependence of the nucleon-nucleon interaction. Given the neutron skin of the target is related directly to the same density difference, it can be well probed in the analysis of the charge- exchange (3He,t) reactions at medium energies when the two-step processes can be neglected and the t-matrix interaction can be used in the folding calculation. For this purpose, the data of the (3He,t) scattering to the IAS of 90Zr and 208Pb targets at Elab = 420 MeV have been analyzed in the distorted wave Born approximation using the double-folded charge-exchange form factor. The neutron skin deduced for these two nuclei turned out to be in a good agreement with the existing database.
Neutrosophic-principal Component Analysis of Causes of Performance Gap among Private and Public School Students in the Basic Education Certificate Examination

The decade - old academic achievement discrepancies at the basic school level that are widely emphasized are still being worked on heavily in current research. In this study, we present a novel Neutrosophic-Principal Component Analysis and Two-way Neutrosophic ANOVA to analysing the causes of Performance Gap among private and public school students in the Basic Education Certificate Examination. One-hundred and eighty-nine respondents from the Ada East and West Districts of Ghana were involved in the study. We present a modified Neutrosophic regression equivalence of the classical least squares to solve problems of indeterminacy. The results showed that of the total 87% variability, three main components—student characteristics, instructor characteristics, and administrative-logistic features—accounted for 36%, 31%, and 20%, respectively. The remaining 13% of the variability, which was attributed to random effects by the Neutrosophic PCA technique, was tested using a two-way Neutrosophic ANOVA where the results identified that interaction between the identified factors was a contributing factor that needed to be explained. Our results reveal that Neutrosophic-PCA is a potential method to lessen human response errors, which are frequently tainted with ambiguous, conflicting, imprecise, indeterminate or uncertainty. When there is just a slight difference between the two options, the forced selection caused by the traditional Likert method will be eliminated by our new approach. When studying respondents' opinions, we recommend researchers to employ Neutrosophic- PCA in order to minimize any bias that may result from the responses' lack of precision.
Lower tail of the KPZ equation

We provide the first tight bounds on the lower tail probability of the one point distribution of the KPZ equation with narrow wedge initial data. Our bounds hold for all sufficiently large times $T$ and demonstrates a crossover between super-exponential decay with exponent $5/2$ (and leading pre-factor $\frac{4}{15\pi} T^{1/3}$) for tail depth greater than $T^{2/3}$, and exponent $3$ (with leading pre-factor $\frac{1}{12}$) for tail depth less than $T^{2/3}$.
Interpolation, Projection and Hierarchical Bases in Discontinuous Galerkin Methods

The paper presents results on piecewise polynomial approximations of tensor product type in Sobolev-Slobodecki spaces by various interpolation and pro- jection techniques, on error estimates for quadrature rules and projection operators based on hierarchical bases, and on inverse inequalities. AMS subject classifications: 65M60, 65D32
Investigating sex offending representation among politicians through Twitter

ABSTRACT Sex violence is a sensitive topic that provokes public debate, due in part to the influential role of the media in taking crime cases out of the courts to the general public. This has led to a punitive attitude toward sex-offenders that has fostered the view of ‘once a sex-offender, always a sex-offender’. Using a linguistic analysis of Tweets, we examined how sex-offending and sex-offenders are portrayed by 782 Italian politicians. Results show that politicians shared fewer positive posts about sex-offending than the average of posts found on Twitter, with an emotional negative overtone dominating the sex-offending narrative rather than eliciting a cognitive response. Among emotions, anger was most prevalent, followed by sadness and anxiety. In addition, politicians’ portrayals of sex-offenders were consistently negative regardless of their political orientation. Social communication is critical in conveying unbiased information and fostering fruitful discussion about how to deal with sex-offenders, especially because politicians are responsible for making decisions and influencing legislation on such a controversial topic. A less emotionally driven response could promote a more evidence-based approach to managing sex-offenders prior to their release into the community, thereby increasing the likelihood of desistance from crime.
AN OBSERVATIONAL SIGNAL OF THE VOID SHAPE CORRELATION AND ITS LINK TO THE COSMIC WEB

The shapes of cosmic voids are prone to distortions caused by external tidal forces since their low densities imply a lower internal resistance. This susceptibility of the void shapes to tidal distortions makes them useful as indicators of large-scale tidal and density fields, despite the practical difficulty in defining them. Using the void catalog constructed by Pan et al. from the Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS DR7), we detect a clear 4 &sgr; ? > signal of spatial correlations of the void shapes on a scale of 20 h − 1 ? > Mpc and show that the signal is robust against the projection of the void shapes onto the plane of sky. By constructing a simple analytic model for the void shape correlation, within the framework of tidal torque theory, we demonstrate that the void shape correlation function scales linearly with the two-point correlation function of the linear density field. We also find direct observational evidence for the cross-correlation of the void shapes with the large-scale velocity shear field that was linearly reconstructed by Lee et al. from SDSS DR7. We discuss the possibility of using the void shape correlation function to break the degeneracy between the density parameter and the power spectrum amplitude and to independently constrain the neutrino mass as well.
Verlinde-type formulas for rational surfaces

For a projective algebraic surface X , with an ample line bundle ω, let M ω (c1, d) be the moduli space of rank 2, ω-semistable torsion free sheavesE with c1(E) = c1 and 4c2(E)− c21 = d. For line bundles L on X , let μ(L) be the corresponding determinant line bundles on M H (c1, d). The K-theoretic Donaldson invariants are the holomorphic Euler characteristics χ(M ω (c1, d), μ(L)). In this paper we develop an algorithm which in principle determines all their generating functions for the projective plane, its blowup in finitely many points, and also for P × P. Among others, we apply this algorithm to compute the generating functions of the χ(M 2 H (0, d), μ(nH)) and χ(M 2 H (H, d), μ(nH)) for n ≤ 11, for H the hyperplane class on P. We give some conjectures about the general structure of these generating functions and interpret them in terms of Le Potier’s strange duality conjecture.
Identifying the Trends of Global Publications in Health Information Technology Using Text-mining Techniques

Background: Due to the increased publication of articles in various scientific fields, analyzing the published topics in specialized journals is important and necessary. Objectives: This research has identified the published topics in global publications in the health information technology (HIT) field. Methods: This study analyzed articles in the field of HIT using text-mining techniques. For this purpose, 162,994 documents were extracted from PubMed and Scopus databases from 2000 to 2019 using the appropriate search strategy. Text mining techniques and the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling algorithm were used to identify the published topics. Python programming language has also been used to run text-mining algorithms. Results: This study categorized the subject of HIT-related published articles into 16 topics, the most important of which were Telemedicine and telehealth, Adoption of HIT, Radiotherapy planning techniques, Medical image analysis, and Evidence-based medicine. Conclusions: The results of the trends of subjects of HIT-related published articles represented the thematic extent and the interdisciplinary nature of this field. The publication of various topics in this scientific field has shown a growing trend in recent years.
Spin measurements and control of cold atoms using spin-orbit fields

We show that by switching on a spin-orbit interaction in a cold-atom system, experiencing a Zeeman-like coupling to an external field, e.g., in a Bose-Einstein condensate, one can simulate a quantum measurement on a precessing spin. Depending on the realization, the measurement can access both the ergodic and the Zeno regimes, while the time dependence of the spin's decoherence may vary from a Gaussian to an inverse fractional power law. Back action of the measurement forms time- and coordinate-dependent profiles of the atoms' density, resulting in its translation, spin-dependent fragmentation, and appearance of interference patterns.
Non-uniqueness of Leray-Hopf weak solutions of the 3D Hall-MHD system

Non-uniqueness of Leray-Hopf type of solutions is obtained for the three dimensional magneto-hydrodynamics with Hall effect. It seems to be the first result in the literature on non-uniqueness of Leray-Hopf weak solutions for dissipative equations. As for the proof, we adapted the widely appreciated convex integration framework developed in a recent work of Buckmaster and Vicol for the Navier-Stokes equation, and with deep roots in a sequence of breakthrough papers for the Euler equation.
A stiffness-based method for damage detection in 3-D offshore jacket platforms using inverse vibration problem (IVP) technique

More attention has been paid to Damage detection in offshore jacket platforms (OJP) because of repair and maintenance issues. Damage detection using modal data from a few sensors is one of the main important subjects that researchers have paid attention to it. The inverse Vibration Problem (IVP) technique does not need modal data in all nodes of OJP but first modal data in different levels of platform and principal degrees of freedom could be sufficient. Since the complex structural model becomes a reduced shear building by implementing this technique, there must be a reduced equivalent stiffness matrix for the healthy structure to make the comparison for damage detection. This paper deals with the formulation and implementation of IVP technique in corporation of the proper method for calculation of equivalent level stiffness. The proper method was selected based on a comparison of modal data obtained from full and reduced models using comparison tools like the MAC coefficient. Also, damage detection in a typical OJP model under a specific damage scenario was investigated numerically and experimentally and the results show the reliable performance of the methodology. A damage detection flowchart is suggested to detect damage location properly. It is developed mainly based on geometrical couplings in OJP structure in damaged conditions and the method leads to damage location exactly and maximum error in damage prediction is obtained at about 12%.
Directly imaging damped Lyman α galaxies at z>2 - I. Methodology and first results

We present the methodology for, and the first results from, a new imaging programme aimed at identifying and characterizing the host galaxies of damped Lyman α absorbers (DLAs) at z ≳ 2. We target quasar sightlines with multiple optically thick H I absorbers and use the higher redshift system as a 'blocking filter' (via its Lyman-limit absorption) to eliminate all far-ultraviolet (FUV) emission from the quasar. This allows us to directly image the rest-frame FUV continuum emission of the lower redshift DLA, without any quasar contamination and with no bias towards large impact parameters. We introduce a formalism based on galaxy number counts and Bayesian statistics with which we quantify the probability that a candidate is the DLA host galaxy. This method will allow the identification of a bona fide sample of DLAs that are too faint to be spectroscopically confirmed. The same formalism can be adopted to the study of other quasar absorption-line systems (e.g. Mg II absorbers). We have applied this imaging technique to two quasi-stellar object sightlines. For the z ∼ 2.69 DLA towards J073149+285449, a galaxy with impact parameter b = 1.54 arcsec = 11.89 h ―1 72 kpc and an implied star formation rate (SFR) of ∼5 h ―2 72 M ⊙ yr ―1 is identified as the most reliable candidate. In the case of the z ∼ 2.92 DLA towards J211444-005533, no likely host is found down to a 3σ SFR limit of 1.4 h ―2 72 M ⊙ yr ―1 . Studying the H I column density as a function of the impact parameter, including six DLAs with known hosts from the literature, we find evidence that the observed H I distribution is more extended than what is generally predicted from numerical simulation.
The zero dynamics of feedback linearisation and Ehresmann connections

The notion of zero dynamics is a cornerstone of many solutions to important control problems such as feedback linearisation and disturbance decoupling. For a SISO affine control system with relative degree strictly less than the order of the system, it is known that there exists a state transformation and a feedback transformation such that the system can be transformed to a linear system. Making use of the fibre bundle structure induced by the state transformation we show that it is possible to define a connection on the state manifold such that the zero dynamics can be defined as a vertical vector field. In this formalism the zero dynamics can be understood as motions along the fibres of a fibre bundle.
Completing the complex Poynting theorem: Conservation of reactive energy in reactive time

The complex Poynting theorem is extended canonically to a time-scale domain $(t, s)$ by replacing the phasors of time-harmonic fields by the analytic signals $X(r, t+is)$ of fields $X(r,t)$ with general time dependence. The imaginary time $s>0$ is shown to play the role of a time resolution scale, and the extended Poynting theorem splits into two conservation laws: its real part gives the conservation in $t$ of the scale-averaged active energy at fixed $s$, and its imaginary part gives the conservation in $s$ of the scale-averaged reactive energy at fixed $t$. At coarse scales (large $s$, slow time), where the system reduces to the circuit level, this may have applications to the theory of electric power transmission and conditioning. At fine scales (small $s$, fast time) it describes reactive energy dynamics in radiating systems.
Towards modeling quasi-periodic oscillations of microquasars with oscillating slender tori

Context. One of the often discussed models for high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations of X-ray binaries is the oscillating torus model, which considers oscillation modes of slender accretion tori. Aims. Here, we aim at developing this model by considering the observable signature of an optically thick slender accretion torus subject to simple periodic deformations. Methods. We compute light curves and power spectra of a slender accretion torus subject to simple periodic deformations: vertical or radial translation, rotation, expansion, and shear. Results. We show that different types of deformations lead to very different Fourier power spectra and therefore could be observationally distinguished. Conclusions. This work is a first step in a longer term study of the observable characteristics of the oscillating torus model. It gives promising perspectives on the possibility of constraining this model by studying the observed power spectra of quasi-periodic oscillations.
The neutron EDM vs up and charm flavour violation

We derive a strong bound on the chromo-electric dipole moment of the charm quark, and we quantify its impact on models that allow for a sizeable flavour violation in the up quark sector. In particular we show how the constraints coming from the charm and up CEDMs limit the size of new physics contributions to direct flavour violation in D meson decays. We also specialize our analysis to the cases of split-families Supersymmetry and composite Higgs models. The results we expose motivate an increase in experimental sensitivity to fundamental hadronic dipoles, and a further exploration of the SM contribution to both flavour violating D decays and nuclear electric dipole moments.
Is the radio emission in the Bullet cluster due to dark matter annihilation

We study the complex structure of the Bullet cluster radio halo to determine the Dark Matter (DM) contribution to the emission observed in the different subhalos corresponding to the DM and baryonic dominated regions. We use different non-thermal models to study the different regions, and we compare our results with the available observations in the radio, X-ray and gamma-ray bands, and the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect data. We find that the radio emission coming from the main DM subhalo can be produced by secondary electrons produced by DM annihilations. In this scenario there are however some open issues, like the difficulty to explain the observed flux at 8.8 GHz, the high value of the required annihilation cross section, and the lack of observed emission coming from the minor DM subhalo. We also find that part of the radio emission originated by DM annihilation could be associated with a slightly extended radio source present near the main DM subhalo. Regarding the baryonic subhalos, the radio measurements do not allow to discriminate between a primary or secondary origin of the electrons, while the SZ effect data point towards a primary origin for the non-thermal electrons in the Main Subcluster. We conclude that in order to better constrain the properties of the DM subhalos, it is important to perform detailed measurements of the radio emission in the regions where the DM halos have their peaks, and that the separation of the complex radio halo in different subhalos is a promising technique to understand the properties of each specific subhalo.
Numerical resolution limits on subhalo abundance matching

Subhalo abundance matching (SHAM) inserts galaxies into dark matter only simulations of the growth of cosmic structure in a way that requires minimal assumptions about galaxy formation. A galaxy is placed at the potential minimum of each distinct self-bound subhalo with a luminosity which is a monotonically increasing function of the maximum mass (or circular velocity) attained over the subhalo’s earlier history. Galaxy and subhalo properties are linked by matching model and observed luminosity functions. Simulated structures can then be compared in detail with observation, for example, through galaxy correlation statistics, group catalogues, or galaxy-galaxy lensing. Robust astrophysical conclusions can be drawn from such a comparison only on scales which are unaffected by the numerical limitations of the simulation. Here we compare results for the Millennium Simulation (MS) with subhalos defined using the SUBFIND to those obtained applying identic al analysis to the much higher resolution Millennium-II. Correlation statistics on scal es between 200 kpc and 2 Mpc converge to within 20% only for subhalos with masses at infall corresponding to at least 1000 simulation particles in the MS. Numerically converged results can be obtained to much lower infall particle number, if galaxies are followed even after their associated subhalos have been tidally disrupted, as in most recent semi-analytic galaxy f ormation simulations. This allows robust comparison between simulation and observation over a wider dynamic range in mass than for a SHAM analysis which ignores such “orphan” galaxies.
The Discrepancy of (nkx)k=1∞ With Respect to Certain Probability Measures

Let $(n_k)_{k=1}^{\infty }$ be a lacunary sequence of integers. We show that if $\mu$ is a probability measure on $[0,1)$ such that $|\widehat{\mu }(t)|\leq c|t|^{-\eta }$, then for $\mu$-almost all $x$, the discrepancy $D_N(n_kx)$ satisfies $$\begin{equation*}\frac{1}{4} \leq \limsup_{N\to\infty}\frac{N D_N(n_kx)}{\sqrt{N\log\log N}} \leq C\end{equation*}$$for some constant $C>0$. This proves a conjecture of Haynes, Jensen and Kristensen and allows an improvement on their previous result relevant to an inhomogeneous version of the Littlewood conjecture.