Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When to Hospitalize Patients at Risk for Suicide

Abstract: The decision to hospitalize patients at imminent risk for suicide requires careful assessment of risk factors, including sociodemographic, psychiatric, general medical, and mental status considerations. Assessment of these risk factors is essential and can usually be accomplished in a straightforward manner, although clinical obstacles sometimes make assessment more difficult. Key issues regarding imminent suicide risk are intent and means, severity of psychiatric illness, the presence of psychosis or hopelessness, lack of personal resources, and older age among men. Once the decision to hospitalize is made, reasonable care should be taken to assure that the patient is transported to the treating hospital safely and is not left alone. On arrival at the hospital, the patient should be closely monitored, and reasonable precautions must be taken to assure the patient's safety at all times, especially during the first few days. Proper assessment, monitoring, and treatment of patients at imminent risk for suicide save lives. A person who is determined to kill himself/herself will probably prevail despite our best efforts. However, most people who are imminently suicidal at one time will feel very differently at some later time.
The effect and mediating mechanism of organizational injustice on destructive leadership: Empirical research in China

This research investigated the effects of distribute injustice and interpersonal injustice leaders perceived on destructive leadership. Questionnaire survey on employee and their supervisors of two manufacturing enterprises in Hei Longjiang province was conducted to examine the relationship between organizational injustice and destructive leadership. Hierarchical regression analysis of 216 matched samples of supervisors and their subordinates revealed that distribute injustice was positively related to “corruption dimension” in which psychological contract violation fully mediated this relationship. Interpersonal injustice was positively related to “abuse of subordinate dimension” and “excoriation on subordinate dimension” in which psychological contract violation partially mediated their relationship. Implication of future investigation to predict destructive leadership is discussed.
Inhibition of the Single Downstream Target BAG1 Activates the Latent Apoptotic Potential of MYC

ABSTRACT Aberrant MYC expression is a common oncogenic event in human cancer. Paradoxically, MYC can either drive cell cycle progression or induce apoptosis. The latent ability of MYC to induce apoptosis has been termed “intrinsic tumor suppressor activity,” and reactivating this apoptotic function in tumors is widely considered a valuable therapeutic goal. As a transcription factor, MYC controls the expression of many downstream targets, and for the majority of these, it remains unclear whether or not they play direct roles in MYC function. To identify the subset of genes specifically required for biological activity, we conducted a screen for functionally important MYC targets and identified BAG1, which encodes a prosurvival chaperone protein. Expression of BAG1 is regulated by MYC in both a mouse model of breast cancer and transformed human cells. Remarkably, BAG1 induction is essential for protecting cells from MYC-induced apoptosis. Ultimately, the synthetic lethality we have identified between MYC overexpression and BAG1 inhibition establishes a new pathway that might be exploited to reactivate the latent apoptotic potential of MYC as a cancer therapy.
The interrater reliability of 4 clinical tests used to assess individuals with musculoskeletal hip pain.

STUDY DESIGN Descriptive and reliability study. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the interrater reliability of the FABER test, flexion-internal rotation-adduction impingement test, log roll test, and the palpation of the greater trochanter for tenderness. BACKGROUND Clinical examination for individuals with musculoskeletal hip pain is believed to provide critical diagnostic information. However, there is very limited information in the literature on the reproducibility of examination techniques for the hip region. METHODS AND MEASURES Seventy subjects were evaluated prospectively by an orthopaedic surgeon and physical therapist. Subjects had a mean age of 42 years (range 18-76 years; SD 15.4) and included 32 (46%) females and 38 (54%) males. Subject diagnoses were as follows: degenerative joint disease (n=27 [39% of subjects]), labral tear (n=35 [50% of subjects]), femoroacetabular impingement (n=48 [69% of subjects]), capsular laxity (n=28 [40% of subjects]), trochanteric bursitis (n=29 [41% of subjects]), iliopsoas tendonitis (n=10 [14% of subjects]), and adductor strain (n=2 [3% of subjects)]. Subjects could have more than 1 diagnosis. Kappa, prevalence indexes, bias indexes, and maximal attainable kappa were calculated. RESULTS Kappa (kappa) coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were as follows: FABER test kappa was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.43-0.83); flexion-internal rotation-adduction impingement test kappa was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.29-0.87); log roll test kappa was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.41-0.81); and greater trochanteric tenderness kappa was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.48-0.84). Bias indexes were low (0.06-0.08) for all 4 tests while prevalence indexes were low (0.03-0.37) for 3 of the 4 tests. The flexion-internal rotation-adduction impingement test had a high prevalence index (0.76), with a higher proportion of positive tests. CONCLUSION The kappa values for the FABER test, log roll test, and assessment of greater trochanteric tenderness were greater than 0.40 (fair level of agreement) at a 95% confidence level. The low reliability obtained for the flexion-internal rotation-adduction impingement test may be related to a prevalence concern.
International Student Persistence at a Faith-Based Institution

As college and university campuses continue to increase access and diversify their enrollments, more research must examine the experiences of specific student populations and at specific institutions, particularly as these relate to student success in terms of persistence. Dominant persistence theories are often inadequate to explain the behaviors of today's diverse students. Recent research has attempted to broaden these theories by examining factors such as campus climate, sense of belonging, validation, and cultural background to determine their impact on persistence. Institutional characteristics play a critical role in students’ academic and social experiences and must also be considered. Similarly, additional research is needed that examines factors affecting persistence beyond the first year. This qualitative study explored the experiences of international students in their senior year at a faith-based institution to identify persistence factors. Although international students are significant contributors to institutional diversity in U.S. higher educational institutions, relatively little is known about their persistence behaviors. The study contributes to the literature by focusing on student experiences beyond the first year and at a particular type of institution. The findings partly support prevailing persistence theories, though in unexpected ways. Central findings indicate that international student persistence could be improved by increasing vision, validation, and spiritual engagement. Creating a campus climate that enhances these factors demonstrates how institutions can change to support diversity.
A Survey on Metacognitive Strategy Use in College Oral English Study under Internet Environment—With a Case Study of Guilin University of Technology

This paper researches on the metacognitive strategies use in oral English study under Internet environment, among the non-English major students of Guilin University of Technology. The writer studies the metacognitive strategy problems existing among the students, which has, to some extent, hindered an efficient and effective improvement or their oral English proficiency. To solve these problems, the writer proposes some suggested solutions on how to develop their metacognitive strategies, in hope that online oral English learning will play a decisive role in improving students’ oral competence.
Content Planner Construction via Evolutionary Algorithms and a Corpus-based Fitness Function

In this paper, we present a novel technique to learn a tree-like structure for a content planner from an aligned corpus of semantic inputs and corresponding, human-produced, outputs. We apply a stochastic search mechanism with a two-level ﬁt-ness function. As a ﬁrst stage, we use high level order constraints to quickly discard unpromising planners. As a second stage, alignments between regenerated text and human output are employed. We evaluate our approach by using the existing symbolic planner in our system as a gold standard, obtaining a 66% improvement over a random baseline in just 20 generations of genetic search.
Individuals with Primary Osteoarthritis Have Different Phenotypes Depending on the Affected Joint - A Case Control Study from Southern Sweden Including 514 Participants

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether primary osteoarthritis (OA), independent of affected joint, is associated with a phenotype that is different from the phenotype in a normative cohort. Material and Methods: We included 274 patients with primary OA, 30 women and 32 men (mean age 66 years, range 42-84) with primary hip OA, 38 women and 74 men (mean age 61 years; range 34-85) with primary knee OA, 42 women and 19 men (men age 64 years, range 42-87) with primary ankle or foot OA and 20 women and 19 men (mean age 66 years, range 47-88) with primary hand or finger OA. Of all patients included with OA, 23% had hip OA, 41% knee OA, 22% ankle or foot OA and 14% hand or finger OA. Serving as references were 122 women and 118 men of the same ages who were population-based, included as a control cohort. We measured total body BMD (g/cm2) and proportion of fat and lean mass (%) with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Height, weight and BMI (kg/m2) were also assessed. We then calculated Z-scores (number of standard deviations difference from the mean value of the control cohort) in the OA patients and compared these between the groups. Results: Individuals with hand OA and controls had similar phenotype. Individuals with lower extremity OA, irrespective of the affected joint, had similar weight, BMI and BMD, but higher than in individuals with hand OA and controls (all p<0.05). Individuals with lower extremity OA had higher fat and lower lean mass than individuals with hand OA and controls (all p<0.001). Conclusion: Individuals with primary OA in the lower extremity have a phenotype with higher BMD, higher BMI, proportionally higher fat content and lower lean body mass content. The different skeletal phenotypes in our patients with OA in the lower extremity and patients with hand OA indicate that separate pathophysiologic pathways may be responsible for primary OA in different joints
A 1.2-V 12-b 120-MS/s SHA-Free Dual-Channel Nyquist ADC Based on Midcode Calibration

This paper describes a 12-b 120-MS/s dual-channel pipeline analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for high-speed video signal processing. A simple digital midcode calibration technique is proposed to eliminate an offset mismatch between two channels. The proposed sample-and-hold-amplifier-free architecture with correlated input sampling networks enables wideband signal sampling while effectively reducing a gain mismatch between channels. The prototype ADC implemented in a 0.13-¿m CMOS technology achieves a peak signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio of 61.1 dB and a peak spurious-free dynamic range of 74.7 dB for input frequencies up to 60 MHz at 120 MS/s. The measured differential and integral nonlinearities are within ±0.30 LSB and ±0.95 LSB, respectively. The ADC occupies an active die area of 0.56 mm2 and consumes 51.6 mW at a 1.2 V power supply.
The human genome project and the future of medical practice

Contrary to the scepticism that characterised the planning stages of the human genome project, the technology and sequence data resulting from the project are set to revolutionise medical practice for good. The expected benefits include: enhanced discovery of disease genes, which will lead to improved knowledge on the genetic basis of diseases; availability of DNA-based diagnostic methods, which will find widespread application in preimplantation diagnosis, carrier screening, presymptomatic testing and population screening; the availability of more effective and more tolerant drugs, which will result in more effective therapies characterised by higher potency and reduced incidence of adverse reactions. However, there are still a number of technological, ethical, legal and social obstacles that must be addressed before these medical advances are incorporated into routine clinical practice. To justify the huge investments in the human genome project, the new advancements should be affordable by all, and must not result in a further widening of the gap between the quality of healthcare available in the resource-rich and the resource-poor countries.
The Streets

The primary purpose of this article is to describe the social significance of “the streets” as an alternative to the family, church, and other communitybased institutions that facilitate Black male socialization. A major assumption of this discussion is that for many marginal Black males, “the streets” is a socialization institution that has a major influence on their psychosocial development and life-course trajectories and transitions. In addition, the article addresses some of the problematic consequences associated with the pursuit of manhood and social recognition in “the streets. ”
Trend makers and trend spotters in a mobile application

Media marketers and researchers have shown great interest in what becomes a trend within social media sites. Their interests have focused on analyzing the items that become trends, and done so in the context of Youtube, Twitter, and Foursquare. Here we move away from these three platforms and consider a new mobile social-networking application with which users share pictures of "cool" things they find in the real-world. Besides, we shift focus from items to people. Specifically, we focus on those who generate trends (trend makers) and those who spread them (trend spotters). We analyze the complete dataset of user interactions, and characterize trend makers (spotters) by activity, geographical, and demographic features. We find that there are key characteristics that distinguish them from typical users. Also, we provide statistical models that accurately identify who is a trend maker (spotter). These contributions not only expand current studies on trends in social media but also promise to inform the design of recommender systems, and new products.
Immunostimulatory Properties of Dendritic Cells after Leishmania donovani Infection Using an In Vitro Model of Liver Microenvironment

Background Recent advances demonstrated that liver dendritic cells (DCs) promote immunologic hyporesponsiveness that may contribute to hepatic tolerance. Although there has been significant work on the phenotypic and functional roles of such DCs, the impact of liver microenvironment on the immune properties of infected DC is still poorly explored, probably because of the limitations of modelization. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we hypothesized that DC tolerogenic properties have an impact on the antimicrobial response, particularly during the infection by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani. Indeed, a lymphocytic Th2 environment was reported to favour the growth and proliferation of L. donovani. We first modelized an adequate monocyte-differentiated DC model, either in rat liver epithelial cell- or in a human hepatic non-parenchymal cell-conditioned medium in order to infect them further. We established that DCs differentiated in a hepatic microenvironment displayed a CD14+/CD16+/CD123+ phenotype, secreted low IL-12p70 and had an impaired capacity to stimulate allogeneic T lymphocyte proliferation and IFNγ secretion. We then infected DCs with L. donovani in the in vitro-defined hepatic microenvironment. The infection of hepatic DCs restored their capacity to stimulate allogeneic T-cell proliferation and to induce lymphocytic secretion of IFNγ. Such characteristics were recently shown to favour granuloma formation in mice liver. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that the specific immunostimulatory properties of infected hepatic DCs might amplify the granuloma maturation, which warrants the effective control of infection in the liver during visceral leishmaniasis.
A Review of Inflammatory Processes of the Breast with a Focus on Diagnosis in Core Biopsy Samples

Inflammatory and reactive lesions of the breast are relatively uncommon among benign breast lesions and can be the source of an abnormality on imaging. Such lesions can simulate a malignant process, based on both clinical and radiographic findings, and core biopsy is often performed to rule out malignancy. Furthermore, some inflammatory processes can mimic carcinoma or other malignancy microscopically, and vice versa. Diagnostic difficulty may arise due to the small and fragmented sample of a core biopsy. This review will focus on the pertinent clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic features of the more commonly encountered inflammatory lesions of the breast that can be characterized in a core biopsy sample. These include fat necrosis, mammary duct ectasia, granulomatous lobular mastitis, diabetic mastopathy, and abscess. The microscopic differential diagnoses for these lesions when seen in a core biopsy sample will be discussed.
Moving “Forward” in Plasmodium Genetics through a Transposon-Based Approach

The genome sequence of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, was released almost a decade ago. A majority of the Plasmodium genome, however, remains annotated to code for hypothetical proteins with unknown functions. The introduction of forward genetics has provided novel means to gain a better understanding of gene functions and their associated phenotypes in Plasmodium. Even with certain limitations, the technique has already shown significant promise to increase our understanding of parasite biology needed for rationalized drug and vaccine design. Further improvements to the mutagenesis technique and the design of novel genetic screens should lead us to some exciting discoveries about the critical weaknesses of Plasmodium, and greatly aid in the development of new disease intervention strategies.
Cash cows, backdoor migrants, or activist citizens? International students, citizenship, and rights in Australia

Abstract Since the late 1990s, the intersection of education and migration policies in Australia has shifted international students from transient consumers to potential citizens. This article analyses responses to the ‘problem’ of international students as consumers, workers, and migrants, particularly the conceptualization of their rights and protections, and the ways students have been positioned as both passive subjects and activist citizens. The article provides a theoretical review of academic, government, community, and media responses to international students in general and the consequences of the education-migration nexus in particular. It argues that discourses of human rights and consumer rights have become increasingly interconnected in these debates. This analysis adds to the emerging literature on changing conceptions of rights and citizenship in neoliberal contexts, and also illuminates the social and political consequences of the education-migration nexus in Australia. This will have resonance for countries who have implemented a raft of similar policies.
Sevoflurane Ameliorates Gas Exchange and Attenuates Lung Damage in Experimental Lipopolysaccharide-induced Lung Injury

Background:Acute lung injury is a common complication in critically ill patients. Several studies suggest that volatile anesthetics have immunomodulating effects. The aim of the current study was to assess possible postconditioning with sevoflurane in an in vivo model of endotoxin-induced lung injury. Methods:Rats were anesthetized, tracheotomized, and mechanically ventilated. Lipopolysaccharide (saline as control) was administered intratracheally. Upon injury after 2 h of propofol anesthesia, general anesthesia was continued with either sevoflurane or propofol for 4 h. Arterial blood gases were measured every 2 h. After 6 h of injury, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed and lungs were collected. Total cell count, albumin content, concentrations of the cytokines cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and phospholipids were analyzed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Expression of messenger RNA for the two cytokines and for surfactant protein B was determined in lung tissue. Histopathologic examination of the lung was performed. Results:Significant improvement of the ratio of oxygen tension to inspired oxygen fraction was shown with sevoflurane (mean ± SD: 243 ± 94 mmHg [32.4 kPa]) compared with propofol (88 ± 19 mmHg [11.7 kPa]). Total cell count representing effector cell recruitment as well as albumin content as a measure of lung permeability were significantly decreased in the sevoflurane–lipopolysaccharide group compared with the propofol–lipopolysaccharide group in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Expression of the cytokines protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as well as messenger RNA in lung tissue was significantly lower in the sevoflurane–lipopolysaccharide group compared with the propofol–lipopolysaccharide group. Conclusions:Postconditioning with sevoflurane attenuates lung damage and preserves lung function in an in vivo model of acute lung injury.
Effects of graded vasoconstriction upon the measurement of finger arterial pressure.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of incremental phenylephrine infusion rates and subsequent graded vasoconstriction upon the performance of the Ohmeda Finapres. DESIGN Blood pressure in eight hypertensive patients in the finger and the brachial artery was recorded simultaneously. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DPB) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were compared as well as additional waveform characteristics like the pressure at moment of the dicrotic notch and calculation of the pulsatile-systolic areas. RESULTS Before phenylephrine infusion SBP and DBP were higher in the finger. At maximal infusion (1.6 micrograms/kg/min) the increase in brachial SBP was significantly underestimated by Finapres. Thus, the computed sensitivities of baroreflex control for SBP differed significantly between the two measurements. Under control conditions, the shape of the finger waveform differed from the brachial-artery waveform in terms of: (1) a more peaked appearance; (2) a dicrotic notch (Pnotch) which is located at a lower percentage of pulse pressure; and (3) a larger pulsatile-systolic area. At maximal infusion rates finger Pnotch increased whilst intrabrachial Pnotch did not. In contrast, the brachial and finger pulsatile-systolic areas changed fully in parallel. CONCLUSIONS Phenylephrine infusion caused a significant, and clinically important, underestimation of the increase in brachial SBP when assessed by Finapres, whereas MAP and DBP and pulsatile-systolic area track intra-arterial pressure reliably.