Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Host Profiling with Bidirectional Flows

We present an approach to network devices behavior profiling based on NetFlow monitoring and a bidirectional flows extension. Behavior profiles of network devices typically focus on communicating peers, amount of traffic and traffic structure. However, using an implementation of the bidirectional flows standard we are able to distinguish between servers, clients and single flows directly which increases the profile quality. In this paper, we describe and evaluate our bidirectional flows implementation and suggest to use more precise time stamps in flow monitoring. Further, we compare results obtained by standard behavior profiles (unidirectional flows) and extended behavior profiles (bidirectional flows). Various measurements of extended behavior profile from campus network are presented. The influence of a sensor connection to themonitored network (Cisco SPAN port vs. tap) on the data quality is studied as a side effect of bidirectional flows implementation.
Automatic Word Spacing Using Probabilistic Models Based on Character n-grams

On the Internet, information is largely in text form, which often includes such errors as spelling mistakes. These errors complicate natural language processing because most NLP applications aren't robust and assume that the input data is noise free. Preprocessing is necessary to deal with these errors and meet the growing need for automatic text processing. One kind of such preprocessing is automatic word spacing. This process decides correct boundaries between words in a sentence containing spacing errors, which are a type of spelling error. Except for some Asian languages such as Chinese and Japanese, most languages have explicit word spacing. In these languages, word spacing is crucial to increase readability and to accurately communicate a text's meaning. Automatic word spacing plays an important role not only as a spell-checker module but also as a preprocessor for a morphological analyzer, which is a fundamental tool for NLP applications. Furthermore, automatic word spacing can serve as a postprocessor for optical-character-recognition systems and speech recognition systems
Depression, sexuality and fibromyalgia syndrome: clinical findings and correlation to hematological parameters

ABSTRACT Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic pain and comorbidities. Objective To investigate sexuality and depression in women with FM compared with controls and to correlate the findings with hematological parameters. Methods 33 women with FM and 19 healthy women were included and evaluated with the following instruments: Female Sexual Function Index, Beck Inventory, Visual Analogue Scale, medical history and laboratory exams. Results The prevalence of sexual dysfunction (P = 0.007) and depression (P < 0.001) were higher in the study group than in the control group; they were positively correlated (P = 0.023). The study group showed lower serum concentrations of testosterone, free T4, antinuclear factor, and lower blood hemoglobin and hematocrit. Conclusions FM was associated with high scores of sexual dysfunction and depression, and there were correlations with hematological parameters. We suggest the involvement of immune-inflammatory mediators and FM, which need further investigation to understand their role in FM syndrome and its comorbidities.
Reliable pre-trip multi-path planning and dynamic adaptation for a centralized road navigation system

In this paper, an integrated approach combining offline pre-computation of optimal candidate paths with online path retrieval and dynamic adaptation is proposed for a dynamic navigation system in a centralized system architecture. Based on a static traffic data file, a partially disjoint candidate path set is constructed prior to the trip using a heuristic link weight increment method. This method satisfies reasonable path constraints that meet the drivers' preferences as well as alternative path constraints that limit the joint failure probability for candidate paths. The characteristics of the proposed algorithm are the following: 1) the response time for online navigation demand is nearly linear with network size and less dependent on system load; 2) the veracity of the pre-trip route plan based on the static data file is improved by taking travel time reliability into account; and 3) system optimization can be approximated without sacrificing driver preferences. The algorithm is tested on randomly generated road networks and the numerical results show the efficiency of the approach.
What Does the “Arrow of Time” Mean?

One hundred and fifty years after the work of Ludwig Boltzmann on the interpretation of the irreversibility of physical phenomena, we are still not sure what we mean when we talk of " time " or the " arrow of time. " One source of this difficulty is our tendency to confuse time and becoming: that is, the course of time and the arrow of time, two concepts that the formalisms of physics do distinguish clearly. The course of time is represented by a line on which it is customary to place a small arrow that, ironically, must not be confused with the " arrow of time. " On the one hand, this small arrow indicates that the course of time is oriented. On the other hand, the arrow of time indicates the possibility for physical systems to experience, over the course of time, changes or transformations that prevent them from returning to their initial state forever.
Based on UTRA-TDD

The TDD operation mode of the UMTS terrestrial radio access is specially suitable for Internet access. The analysis of different UTRA/TDD protocol stack configurations and the study of interactions between layered protocols (TCP/IP and UTRA/TDD) are key issues in order to optimize wireless Internet access. In this paper, the architecture of a UTRA/TDD system-level versatile simulator meant to examine Internet applications performance is presented. The simulator includes novel applicationlevel traffic models capable of reproducing real traffic features, which are not captured by traditional traffic models. Our aim is to study the system performance when working with several TCP flavours, different UTRA/TDD protocol stack configurations and distinct Internet and radio channel characteristics. We include several TCP versions (Tahoe, Reno, NewReno, SACK/FACK) and TCP wireless enhancements. In addition, we analyse the performance of different RLC modes and compare them to a TCP wireless enhancement such as Snoop.
Transcending General Linear Reality

This paper argues that the dominance of linear models has led many sociologists to construe the social world in terms of a "general linear reality. " This reality assumes (1) that the social world consists of fixed entities with variable attributes, (2) that cause cannot flow from "small" to "large" attributes/events, (3) that causal attributes have only one causal pattern at once, (4) that the sequence of events does not influence their outcome, (5) that the "careers" of entities are largely independent, and (6) that causal attributes are generally independent of each other. The paper discusses examples of these assumptions in empirical work, considers standard and new methods addressing them, and briefly explores alternative models for reality that employ demographic, sequential, and network perspectives.
Post-transplant Burkit t's Leukemia or Lymphoma. Study of Five Cases Treated with Specific Intensive Therapy (PETHEMA ALL-3/97 Trial)

Abstract Burkit t's lymphoma (BL) and Burkitt-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are uncommon lymphoproliferative disorders after solid organ or stem cell transplantation. Although their prognosis is considered to be poor, there are scarce data on the clinical characteristics and the response to specific therapies. We report the main clinical characteristics and the results of a specific intensive chemotherapy in 5 adult patients with postransplant BL/ALL3 included in the PETHEMA ALL3/97 protocol. Two patients died in induction, another died in consolidation phase and the remaining 2 patients are in continuous complete remission 6 and 18 months from the diagnosis.
A knowledge-driven approach to text meaning processing

Our goal is to be able to answer questions about text that go beyond facts explicitly stated in the text, a task which inherently requires extracting a "deep" level of meaning from that text. Our approach treats meaning processing fundamentally as a modeling activity, in which a knowledge base of common-sense expectations guides interpretation of text, and text suggests which parts of the knowledge base might be relevant. In this paper, we describe our ongoing investigations to develop this approach into a usable method for meaning processing.
Coral Reefs in Singapore : Past , Present and Future

Singapore’s hermatypic coral diversity of 255 species represents about a third of the global total. This high diversity remains despite the loss of about 60% of the country’s coral reefs to coastal development over the past five decades. The remaining coral reefs are exposed to coastal use pressures including sedimentation, and live coral cover has declined slowly and gradually since the 1980s. Another threat came from unregulated collection of reef fish and invertebrates for the aquarium trade, which was rampant until the early 1990s but considerably reduced since. From the mid-1990s, reef protection measures became more evident as measures were taken to reduce damage from coastal development and the management mandate of the National Parks Board expanded to include the marine environment. Climate change impacts added new management challenges when the reefs were affected by two major coral bleaching events in 1998 and 2010 that were linked to extended periods of thermal stress brought about by the El Niño Southern Oscillation events. Many scleractinian coral species together with other zooxanthellate groups such as soft corals, sea anemones, giant clams, zoanthids and corallimorphs exhibited varying degrees of bleaching. On both occasions, recovery was reasonably quick as sea surface temperatures returned to normal. Although the degrees of thermal stress were comparable between 1998 and 2010, bleaching in 2010 was less severe with up to 10% initial mortality, than in 1998 with up to 20% mortality. Interestingly, coral species such as Acropora and Pocillopora that are typically thought to be highly susceptible to thermal stress based on the 1998 observation, were found to be among the least impacted in the 2010 bleaching event. This suggests that some coral species may be able to adapt to higher sea temperatures but equally important is the effort to reduce anthropogenic stresses such as sedimentation and strengthen larval connectivity between coral reefs. The Asian Conference on Sustainability, Energy & the Environment Official Conference Proceedings 2012 Osaka, Japan
Clinical Interventions in Aging Dovepress Age-based Model for Metacarpophalangeal Joint Proprioception in Elderly

hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms Abstract: Neurological injuries such as stroke can lead to proprioceptive impairment. For an informed diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning, it is essential to be able to distinguish between healthy performance and deficits following the neurological injury. Since there is some evidence that proprioception declines with age and stroke occurs predominantly in the elderly population, it is important to create a healthy reference model in this specific age group. However, most studies investigate age effects by comparing young and elderly subjects and do not provide a model within a target age range. Moreover, despite the functional relevance of the hand in activities of daily living, age-based models of distal proprioception are scarce. Here, we present a proprioception model based on the assessment of the metacarpophalangeal joint angle difference threshold in 30 healthy elderly subjects, aged 55–80 years (median: 63, interquartile range: 58–66), using a robotic tool to apply passive flexion–extension movements to the index finger. A two-alternative forced-choice paradigm combined with an adaptive algorithm to define stimulus magnitude was used. The mixed-effects model analysis revealed that aging has a significant, increasing effect on the difference threshold at the metacarpophalangeal joint, whereas other predictors (eg, tested hand or sex) did not show a significant effect. The adaptive algorithm allowed reaching an average assessment duration ,15 minutes, making its clinical applicability realistic. This study provides further evidence for an age-related decline in proprioception at the level of the hand. The established age-based model of proprioception in elderly may serve as a reference model for the proprioceptive performance of stroke patients, or of any other patient group with central or peripheral proprioceptive impairments. Furthermore, it demonstrates the potential of such automated robotic tools as a rapid and quantitative assessment to be used in research and clinical settings.
SINGLE MOTHER FAMILIES AND INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION IN METROPOLITAN AMERICA

ABSTRACT Environmental inequality researchers have studied the distribution of social groups around a variety of environmental hazards. However, researchers have focused their attention primarily on race and class-based environmental inequality, largely ignoring the question of whether other subordinate groups—children, the elderly, women, welfare recipients, single mother families—are disproportionately burdened by environmental hazards. I address this gap in the literature by asking whether single mother families are overrepresented in environmentally hazardous neighborhoods, whether the percentage of single mother families in a neighborhood is a better predictor than a neighborhood's racial and income characteristics of environmental hazard presence levels, and whether the representation of single mother families in environmentally hazardous neighborhoods is similar to that of single father families and married parent families.
Regret and the control of temporary preferences

Regret is often symptomatic of the defective decisions associated with “temporary preference” problems. It may also help overcome these defects. Outcome regret can modify the relative utilities of different payoffs. Process regret can motivate search for better decision processes or trap-evading strategies. Heightened regret may thus be functional for control of these self-defeating choices.
Homologous genetic recombination as an intrinsic dynamic property of a DNA structure induced by RecA/Rad51-family proteins: A possible advantage of DNA over RNA as genomic material

Heteroduplex joints are general intermediates of homologous genetic recombination in DNA genomes. A heteroduplex joint is formed between a single-stranded region (or tail), derived from a cleaved parental double-stranded DNA, and homologous regions in another parental double-stranded DNA, in a reaction mediated by the RecA/Rad51-family of proteins. In this reaction, a RecA/Rad51-family protein first forms a filamentous complex with the single-stranded DNA, and then interacts with the double-stranded DNA in a search for homology. Studies of the three-dimensional structures of single-stranded DNA bound either to Escherichia coli RecA or Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51 have revealed a novel extended DNA structure. This structure contains a hydrophobic interaction between the 2′ methylene moiety of each deoxyribose and the aromatic ring of the following base, which allows bases to rotate horizontally through the interconversion of sugar puckers. This base rotation explains the mechanism of the homology search and base-pair switch between double-stranded and single-stranded DNA during the formation of heteroduplex joints. The pivotal role of the 2′ methylene-base interaction in the heteroduplex joint formation is supported by comparing the recombination of RNA genomes with that of DNA genomes. Some simple organisms with DNA genomes induce homologous recombination when they encounter conditions that are unfavorable for their survival. The extended DNA structure confers a dynamic property on the otherwise chemically and genetically stable double-stranded DNA, enabling gene segment rearrangements without disturbing the coding frame (i.e., protein-segment shuffling). These properties may give an extensive evolutionary advantage to DNA.
Students’ achievement goals, emotion perception ability and affect and performance in the classroom: a multilevel examination

Performance at school is affected not only by students’ achievement goals but also by emotional exchanges among classmates and their teacher. In this study, we investigated relationships between students’ achievement goals and emotion perception ability and class affect and performance. Participants were 949 Greek adolescent students in 49 classes and their Greek language and mathematics teachers. Results from multilevel analyses indicated that students’ mastery-approach and performance-approach goals were positively related to positive affect whereas performance-avoidance goals were negatively related to positive affect. At class-level, relationships between achievement goals and affect were moderated by students’ emotion perception ability. These findings highlight the importance of emotion abilities and their role in motivational processes for class-level outcomes.
A Model of Milieu Treatment: Its Implementation and Factors Contributing to “Drift” from the Model Over a 30-Year Period Part 1: Implementation of the Model

ABSTRACT In this first part of a three-part article, an ego-supportive/developmental model of residential treatment is presented. This is followed by a description of nine programmatic changes based on the model. Subsequent parts of this article will discuss drift away from the model over the years, speculation about reasons for the drift, and suggestions to avoid programmatic drift in the future.
Bridging the Communication Gap at NASA - A Case Study in Communities of Practice

Following the loss of NASA's Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003, it was determined that problems in the agency's organization created an environment that led to the accident. One component of the proposed solution resulted in the formation of the NASA Engineering Network (NEN), a suite of information retrieval and knowledge-sharing tools. This paper describes the implementation of communities of practice, which are formed along engineering disciplines. Communities of practice enable engineers to leverage their knowledge and best practices to collaborate and take information learning back to their jobs and embed it into the procedures of the agency. This case study offers insight into using traditional engineering disciplines for virtual collaboration, including lessons learned during the creation and establishment of NASA's communities.
Pro370Leu mutant myocilin disturbs the endoplasm reticulum stress response and mitochondrial membrane potential in human trabecular meshwork cells

Purpose To investigate the impact of Pro370Leu mutant myocilin on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and mitochondria function in human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. Methods HTM cells were transfected with wild-type Pro370Leu mutant myocilin or pcDNA3.1 (+) expression plasmids. The effect of the mutant myocilin on ER stress response was semiquantitatively evaluated by determining the expression level of 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) using western blot analysis. Mitochondria function was determined by analyzing the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), measured by flow cytometry analysis using the fluorescent probe JC-1. Results Pro370Leu mutant myocilin attenuated the induction of GRP78 and the phosphorylation of eIF2α. In HTM cells expressing the mutant myocilin, the reductions were evident in the level of GRP78 mRNA (65.5±2.0%), GRP78 protein (22.5±2.3%), and eIF2α phosphorylation (30.6±2.6%), compared to cells transfected with the wild-type myocilin plasmid (p less than or equal to 0.05). There was no significant difference between wild-type-myocilin- and pcDNA3.1(+)-transfected cells. Furthermore, Pro370Leu mutant myocilin caused a collapse of Δψm in HTM cells. Conclusions Pro370Leu mutant myocilin down-regulates the ER stress response and destroys the Δψm of HTM cells. These observations suggest that Pro370Leu mutant myocilin could affect ER and mitochondria function through a gain of function, increasing its vulnerability to various cellular injuries and producing dysfunctional HTM cells.
Leadership for Democratic Community in Schools

education bears little plausible relation to life. It makes little effort to inform the here and now. It is learning without having a readily apparent reason to learn. It is education motivated mainly by authority and command . it does not give children access to the full meaning of the present nor to experiences in democratic living. Abstract civic education, for example, does not give children any kind of experience that might be associated with democratic community but simply ideas and information about democracy and government. (p. 4, emphasis in the original) 112 L E A D E R S H I P F O R D E M O C R AT I C C O M M U N I T Y I N S C H O O L S
AAV2-Mediated Subretinal Gene Transfer of hIFN-α Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis in Mice

Background Recent reports show that gene therapy may provide a long-term, safe and effective intervention for human diseases. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) based human interferon-alpha (hIFN-α) gene therapy in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU), a classic model for human uveitis. Methodology/Principal Findings An AAV2 vector harboring the hIFN-α gene (AAV2.hIFN-α) was subretinally injected into B10RIII mice at two doses (1.5×106 vg, 1.5×108 vg). AAV2 vector encoding green fluorescent protein (AAV2.GFP) was used as a control (5×108 vg). The expression of hIFN-α in homogenized eyes and serum was detected by ELISA three weeks after injection. The biodistribution of vector DNA in the injected eyes, contralateral eyes and distant organs was determined by PCR. EAU was induced by immunization with IRBP161–180 three weeks following vector injections, and evaluated clinically and pathologically. IRBP-specific proliferation and IL-17 expression of lymphocytes from the spleen and lymph nodes were assayed to test the influence of the subretinal delivery of AAV2.hIFN-α on the systemic immune response. hIFN-α was effectively expressed in the eyes from three weeks to three months following subretinal injection of AAV2.hIFN-α vector. DNA of AAV2.GFP was observed only in the injected eyes, but not in the distant organs or contralateral eyes. Subretinal injection of both doses significantly attenuated EAU activity clinically and histologically. For the lower dose, there was no difference concerning lymphocyte proliferation and IL-17 production among the AAV2.hIFN-α, AAV2.GFP and PBS injected mice. However, the higher dose of AAV2.hIFN-α significantly suppressed lymphocyte proliferation and IL-17 production. Conclusions/Significance Subretinal delivery of AAV2.hIFN-α lead to an effective expression within the eye for at least three months and significantly attenuated EAU activity. AAV2.hIFN-α was shown to inhibit the systemic IRBP-specific immune response.