Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
L’accompagnement des demandeurs d’emploi : enseignements des évaluations

L’accompagnement des demandeurs d’emploi constitue le cœur des strategies dites « d’activation » des chomeurs. S’appuyant sur une revue de litterature internationale des experiences menees principalement en France et en Europe, ce document d’etudes presente les principaux resultats des travaux empiriques d’evaluation de l’accompagnement des demandeurs d’emploi, tant dans son contenu que dans sa mise en œuvre. Quatre aspects sont etudies : . les dispositifs d’accompagnement renforce, qui permettent d’aider, de maniere relativement intensive, le demandeur d’emploi dans ses recherches d’emploi et visent a l’accompagner vers un retour a l’emploi durable, . les controles et les sanctions, qui permettent de verifier la disponibilite a l’emploi du chomeur et l’effectivite de ses recherches d’emploi, constituant ainsi la contrepartie du principe d’obligations mutuelles, et de le sanctionner en cas de manquement a ses obligations, . le profilage et le ciblage statistiques des demandeurs d’emploi, permettant leur orientation vers tel ou tel programme (accompagnement, formation…), . le role des acteurs de l’accompagnement, qu’il s’agisse des conseillers du service public de l’emploi ou d’organismes prives en cas d’externalisation de l’accompagnement des demandeurs d’emploi. Cette revue de litterature se concentre par ailleurs sur les evaluations micro-econometriques de l’accompagnement des demandeurs d’emploi. Il s’agit d’identifier l’impact de ses differentes modalites, tant sur les taux de retour a l’emploi que sur la qualite des emplois retrouves (stabilite et salaire). Les questions de mise en œuvre de ces politiques sont egalement abordees lorsqu’elles ont fait l’objet de questionnements dans le cadre de ces evaluations. Une attention particuliere est portee a l’heterogeneite des effets selon les differents types de publics.
Temperature regulation of nitrate uptake: A novel hypothesis about nitrate uptake and reduction in cool‐water diatoms

Marine diatoms generally form large blooms during periods of cool temperature (<20°C), high NO3− fluxes (>25 μM‐N), and turbulent mixing, but the adaptations that allow diatoms to bloom under these conditions are not well understood. We have conducted both NO3− uptake kinetics and direct short‐term temperature manipulation studies on field diatom‐dominated populations from Chesapeake and Delaware Bays during both spring and fall blooms. Absolute rates of NO3− uptake by a Rhizoseleni‐dominated population did not appear to saturate even at concentrations as high as 180 µM‐N. We observed contrasting patterns of NO2−, NH+, and urea utilization as a function of experimental temperature (ambient ± 9°C). Over the temperature range of 7–25°C, absolute uptake rates of NO3− (ρNO3−) decreased an average of 46% with increasing temperature from 7 to 25°C (nine individual experiments), while ρNH4+ and ρUREA increased with increasing temperature by an average of 179 and 86% (eight individual experiments), respectively. Based on these observations and the nature of the physical environment, we hypothesize that these diatom‐dominated populations were taking up NO3− in excess of nutritional requirements, the reduction of which may serve as a sink for electrons during transient periods of imbalance between light energy harvesting and utilization. We suggest that the increase in non‐nutritional NO3− uptake increases proportionately with the magnitude of the imbalance between light energy harvesting and imbalance. This hypothesis reconciles previous observations of low C:N uptake ratios, high release rates of dissolved organic nitrogen or NO2− by diatom‐dominated assemblages, other observations of nonsaturating NO3− kinetics in field populations, and the apparent "preference" for NO3− by the netplankton size fraction. The two phenomena described here, nonsaturable kinetics and a negative relationship between NO3− uptake and short‐term temperature shifts, have important ecological implications. The hypothesized ability of these diatom‐dominated populations to better modulate the flow of photosynthetic electron energy, via NO3− reduction, in variable environments may provide a competitive advantage to diatoms and could potentially explain why diatoms frequently dominate in regions of cool temperature, high NO3− flux, and turbulent mixing. Also, models of new production may need to incorporate terms for temperature dependence of NO3− uptake. Finally, if a significant fraction of NO3− uptake is regulated by non‐nutritional mechanisms in the cell, and if some fraction of nitrogen reduced by this mechanism is subsequently released in the form of NO2−, NH+, or dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), then estimates of new production based solely on NO3− uptake could be seriously biased.
A Method for Recruiting Participants from Isolated Islands of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) for Survey Research

Representing isolated small island communities through social survey research continues to be challenging. We examine a locally developed method to reach and recruit older people (65+ years) for a survey on well-being in the small island developing state of Maldives. The use of messengers to recruit participants is examined in the context of these isolated islands. The approach allowed for the participation of the isolated island communities in the survey yielding a high response rate. We consider the aspects of this approach for further application to survey research in isolated communities.
A General Model for Version Management in Databases

In this paper we introduce a general model for version management expressed by the concept of version environments. A version environment offers two mechanisms for structuring the version sets of objects: graphs and partitions. By the use of views, constraints and transactions the version environment may be tailored to specific user requirements. The embedding of application tools into the version environment provides the users with their specific application environment which consists of the objects, their version structures and the tools operating on them. The proposed concept is more general and more powerful than the concepts published so far; it is shown, how well known version concepts can be implemented by means of version environments.
New Histological and Physiological Stains Derived from Diffusion‐Tensor MR Images

The measurement of the self-diffusivity of water (and other solvents) using the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance was first reported more than four decades ago. Methodological improvements in these diffusion measurements2 and the subsequent development of magnetic resonance imaging,' together created the possibility to measure diffusion properties of water in tissues on a voxel by voxel basis. Diffusion imaging (DI), which was first realized in 1985,4-6 consists of measuring an apparent diffusion constant (ADC)7 in each voxel. Both its theoretical underpinnings and its applications are well-known and are described in a number of excellent books and review
A Comparison of Baroreflex Sensitivity during Isoflurane and Desflurane Anesthesia in Humans

Background Desflurane anesthesia has been associated with heart rate (HR) and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) responses that differ from those during isoflurane anesthesia. Whether these differences might be due to better preservation by desflurane of the baroreceptor reflex control of HR or SNA in humans was examined. Methods Baroreflex sensitivity was assessed in 18 volunteers anesthetized with either desflurane or isoflurane. Measurements of HR, blood pressure (BP), and efferent SNA (percutaneous recordings from the peroneal nerve) were made, and baroreflex sensitivity was evaluated at conscious baseline and during 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 MAC anesthesia. Baroreflex responses were triggered by bolus intravenous injections of nitroprusside (100 micro gram) and phenylephrine (150 micro gram). The linear portions of the baroreflex curves relating HR to mean arterial pressure and relating SNA to diastolic pressure were determined to obtain cardiac and sympathetic baroslopes, respectively. Results Cardiac (HR) baroslopes were equally diminished at increasing MAC of both anesthetics. Sympathetic baroslopes were preserved at 0.5 MAC isoflurane but diminished at 0.5 MAC desflurane. Higher MAC produced equal depression of sympathetic baroslopes with both anesthetics. Conclusions Increasing MAC of desflurane and isoflurane anesthesia results in similar and progressive decreases in BP but dissimilar SNA and HR responses. These differences are not explained by disparate effects of these anesthetics on the baroreceptor reflex control of SNA or HR.
The Early Psychological Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill on Florida and Alabama Communities

Background Although public concern has focused on the environmental impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the public health impact on a broad range of coastal communities is minimally known. Objective We sought to determine the acute level of distress (depression, anxiety), mechanisms of adjustment (coping, resilience), and perceived risk in a community indirectly impacted by the oil spill and to identify the extent to which economic loss may explain these factors. Methods Using a community-based participatory model, we performed standardized assessments of psychological distress (mood, anxiety), coping, resilience, neurocognition, and perceived risk on residents of fishing communities who were indirectly impacted (n = 71, Franklin County, Florida) or directly exposed (n = 23, Baldwin County, Alabama) to coastal oil. We also compared findings for participants who reported income stability (n = 47) versus spill-related income loss (n = 47). Results We found no significant differences between community groups in terms of psychological distress, adjustment, neurocognition, or environmental worry. Residents of both communities displayed clinically significant depression and anxiety. Relative to those with stable incomes, participants with spill-related income loss had significantly worse scores on tension/anxiety, depression, fatigue, confusion, and total mood disturbance scales; had higher rates of depression; were less resilient; and were more likely to use behavioral disengagement as a coping strategy. Conclusions Current estimates of human health impacts associated with the oil spill may underestimate the psychological impact in Gulf Coast communities that did not experience direct exposure to oil. Income loss after the spill may have a greater psychological health impact than the presence of oil on the immediately adjacent shoreline.
The Role of Entrepreneurial Creativity in Entrepreneurial Processes

—This study discusses how entrepreneurial creativity process among entrepreneurial processes in high-technology startups. This research aims to contribute to this literature by focusing on two issues that are relatively neglected: (1) the entrepreneurial creativity definition (2) and individual-level relationship under different entrepreneurial process stages. Our research provides the foundation for straightforward but powerful managerial and theoretical guidelines without the possibly misleading oversimplifications and without compromising the richness of the contextual setting.
Knowledge-Based Query Formulation for Integrated Information Systems

he U.S. Army, like many large organizations, relies upon heterogeneous and distributed information systems for managing massive quantities of data. Formulating queries within these systems has been difficult because of the underlying structural complexity of the associated databases. Formulating queries across these systems has been impossible because of the additional lack of integration and interoperability. Building on work done by the Milton S. Eisenhower Research and Technology Development Center in artificial intelligence and database systems, the Applied Physics Laboratory is collaborating with the U.S. Army Research Laboratory to develop advanced capabilities to support automated query formulation, conceptual modeling, and systems integration. In addition, a framework based on intelligent agents and distributed objects has been developed that will facilitate the fusing of new and legacy systems, interoperability, and the creation of intelligent interfaces.
Finding effective optimization phase sequences

It has long been known that a single ordering of optimization phases will not produce the best code for every application. This phase ordering problem can be more severe when generating code for embedded systems due to the need to meet conflicting constraints on time, code size, and power consumption. Given that many embedded application developers are willing to spend time tuning an application, we believe a viable approach is to allow the developer to steer the process of optimizing a function. In this paper, we describe support in VISTA, an interactive compilation system, for finding effective sequences of optimization phases. VISTA provides the user with dynamic and static performance information that can be used during an interactive compilation session to gauge the progress of improving the code. In addition, VISTA provides support for automatically using performance information to select the best optimization sequence among several attempted. One such feature is the use of a genetic algorithm to search for the most efficient sequence based on specified fitness criteria. We have included a number of experimental results that evaluate the effectiveness of using a genetic algorithm in VISTA to find effective optimization phase sequences.
Nicotine Reduces Antipsychotic-Induced Orofacial Dyskinesia in Rats

Antipsychotics are an important class of drugs for the management of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. They act by blocking dopamine receptors; however, because these receptors are present throughout the brain, prolonged antipsychotic use also leads to serious side effects. These include tardive dyskinesia, repetitive abnormal involuntary movements of the face and limbs for which there is little treatment. In this study, we investigated whether nicotine administration could reduce tardive dyskinesia because nicotine attenuates other drug-induced abnormal movements. We used a well established model of tardive dyskinesia in which rats injected with the commonly used antipsychotic haloperidol develop vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) that resemble human orofacial dyskinesias. Rats were first administered nicotine (minipump; 2 mg/kg per day). Two weeks later, they were given haloperidol (1 mg/kg s.c.) once daily. Nicotine treatment reduced haloperidol-induced VCMs by ∼20% after 5 weeks, with a significant ∼60% decline after 13 weeks. There was no worsening of haloperidol-induced catalepsy. To understand the molecular basis for this improvement, we measured the striatal dopamine transporter and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Both haloperidol and nicotine treatment decreased the transporter and α6β2* nAChRs (the asterisk indicates the possible presence of other nicotinic subunits in the receptor complex) when given alone, with no further decline with combined drug treatment. By contrast, nicotine alone increased, while haloperidol reduced α4β2* nAChRs in both vehicle and haloperidol-treated rats. These data suggest that molecular mechanisms other than those directly linked to the transporter and nAChRs underlie the nicotine-mediated improvement in haloperidol-induced VCMs in rats. The present results are the first to suggest that nicotine may be useful for improving the tardive dyskinesia associated with antipsychotic use.
Web-Scale Image Retrieval Using Compact Tensor Aggregation of Visual Descriptors

The main issues for Web-scale image retrieval are achieving good accuracy while retaining low computational time and memory footprint. This article proposes a compact image signature by aggregating tensors of visual descriptors. Efficient aggregation is achieved by preprocessing the descriptors. Compactness is achieved by projection and quantization of the signatures. The authors compare the proposed method to other efficient signatures on a 1 million images dataset and show the soundness of the approach.
Implementations and Implications of Foveated Vision

Humans are equipped with "space-variant" vision, i.e. a concentration of photoreceptors, retinal ganglion cells and other visual resources at the central fovea, and a sparser coverage of other regions within a wide 180 degree field of view. If the entire visual field was equipped with foveal ganglion cell resolution, then the brain would have to cope with approximately 350 times more visual information. We will review the relatively small number of existing hardware implementations and patents involving space variant vision. Space-variant vision is challenging to implement, because it comes along with distorted image representations, complicating standard geometry-based processing. Recent learning algorithms for feature detection and transformations are more flexible and may cope with foveated images. Foveated vision requires an active vision system: ballistic eye-movements termed "saccades" frequently move the fovea to points of interest in the visual field. The metric of saccades is adjustable, and the resolution increase at the fovea may play a role in supplying the feedback to the system. Furthermore, saccades are related to visual space perception and embodied vision.
Analysis of RNA Binding by the Dengue Virus NS5 RNA Capping Enzyme

Flaviviruses are small, capped positive sense RNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Dengue virus and other related flaviviruses have evolved RNA capping enzymes to form the viral RNA cap structure that protects the viral genome and directs efficient viral polyprotein translation. The N-terminal domain of NS5 possesses the methyltransferase and guanylyltransferase activities necessary for forming mature RNA cap structures. The mechanism for flavivirus guanylyltransferase activity is currently unknown, and how the capping enzyme binds its diphosphorylated RNA substrate is important for deciphering how the flavivirus guanylyltransferase functions. In this report we examine how flavivirus NS5 N-terminal capping enzymes bind to the 5′ end of the viral RNA using a fluorescence polarization-based RNA binding assay. We observed that the KD for RNA binding is approximately 200 nM Dengue, Yellow Fever, and West Nile virus capping enzymes. Removal of one or both of the 5′ phosphates reduces binding affinity, indicating that the terminal phosphates contribute significantly to binding. RNA binding affinity is negatively affected by the presence of GTP or ATP and positively affected by S-adensyl methoninine (SAM). Structural superpositioning of the dengue virus capping enzyme with the Vaccinia virus VP39 protein bound to RNA suggests how the flavivirus capping enzyme may bind RNA, and mutagenesis analysis of residues in the putative RNA binding site demonstrate that several basic residues are critical for RNA binding. Several mutants show differential binding to 5′ di-, mono-, and un-phosphorylated RNAs. The mode of RNA binding appears similar to that found with other methyltransferase enzymes, and a discussion of diphosphorylated RNA binding is presented.
For Love or for Money: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Value Congruence in Recruitment

Answering the call for a more theory‐driven approach in recruitment research, this article integrates insights from self‐determination theory and value congruence to account for the attractiveness of respectable organizations (projecting an image of sustainability and social responsibility) and impressive organizations (projecting an image of high profitability and prestige). We argue that respectable organizations mostly appeal to job seekers pursuing intrinsic personal values (e.g., self‐development, satisfactory social relationships), and that impressive organizations mostly appeal to those pursuing extrinsic personal values (e.g., financial success, high esteem). We tested these hypotheses in a vignette study among 188 students. Results partially supported the hypotheses. Although intrinsic personal values did not increase the attractiveness of respectable organizations, extrinsic values increased the attractiveness of impressive organizations.
Silencing nonstandard speakers: A content analysis of accent portrayals on American primetime television

Abstract Accent is a potent cue to social categorization and stereotyping. An important agent of accent-based stereotype socialization is the media. The present study is the first quantitative content analysis to comprehensively examine accent portrayals on American primetime television. We focused our analysis on portrayals of Standard American (SA), Nonstandard American (NSA), Foreign-Anglo (FA), and Foreign-Other (FO) accents. Results provide clear evidence that American media's portrayals of different accents are biased, reflecting pervasive societal stereotypes. Whereas SA and FA speakers are over-represented on television, NSA and FO speakers are effectively silenced, by virtue of their sheer absence and gross under-representation. Moreover, when NSA and FO speakers do rarely appear on television, they tend to be portrayed less favorably on status-related traits and physical appearance than SA and FA speakers. These findings provide insight into the potential influence of media consumption on consumers’ social perceptions of different linguistic groups. (Accents, media, language attitudes, stereotypes, content analysis)*
Serial QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay and tuberculin skin test to diagnose latent tuberculosis in household Mexican contacts: conversion and reversion rates and associated factors using conventional and borderline zone definitions

A cohort of 123 adult contacts was followed for 18‐24 months (86 completed the follow-up) to compare conversion and reversion rates based on two serial measures of QuantiFERON (QFT) and tuberculin skin test (TST) (PPD from TUBERSOL, Aventis Pasteur, Canada) for diagnosing latent tuberculosis (TB) in household contacts of TB patients using conventional (C) and borderline zone (BZ) definitions. Questionnaires were used to obtain information regarding TB exposure, TB risk factors and socio-demographic data. QFT (IU/mL) conversion was defined as <0.35 to ≥0.35 (C) or <0.35 to >0.70 (BZ) and reversion was defined as ≥0.35 to <0.35 (C) or ≥0.35 to <0.20 (BZ); TST (mm) conversion was defined as <5 to ≥5 (C) or <5 to >10 (BZ) and reversion was defined as ≥5 to <5 (C). The QFT conversion and reversion rates were 10.5% and 7% with C and 8.1% and 4.7% with the BZ definitions, respectively. The TST rates were higher compared with QFT, especially with the C definitions (conversion 23.3%, reversion 9.3%). The QFT conversion and reversion rates were higher for TST ≥5; for TST, both rates were lower for QFT <0.35. No risk factors were associated with the probability of converting or reverting. The inconsistency and apparent randomness of serial testing is confusing and adds to the limitations of these tests and definitions to follow-up close TB contacts.