Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neurons and astrocytes express EPO mRNA: Oxygen‐sensing mechanisms that involve the redox‐state of the brain

Erythropoietin (Epo), the major hormone controling the hypoxia‐induced increase in the number of erythrocytes, has also a functional role in the brain. However, few data exist as to the cellular source of brain‐derived Epo as well as to the molecular mechanisms that control Epo expression in the central nervous system. Using patch‐clamp and RT‐PCR methods, we provide direct evidence that, besides astrocytes, neurons are a source of Epo in the brain. Both the astrocytic and neuronal expression of Epo mRNA are induced not only by hypoxia, but also by desferrioxamine (DFX) and cobalt chloride (CoCl2), two agents known to mimic the hypoxic induction of Epo in hepatoma cells. This induction is blocked by cycloheximide suggesting that de novo protein synthesis is required. Furthermore, the addition of H2O2 decreases the hypoxia‐induced Epo mRNA levels. These data indicate that, following hypoxia, a common oxygen sensing and signaling pathway leads to increased Epo gene expression in both nervous and hepatoma cells; this pathway would be dependent on the redox‐state of the brain. Furthermore, we show that the in vivo administration of CoCl2 and DFX to mice induces an increased Epo mRNA level in the neocortex. As Epo protects the brain against ischemia, our in vivo experiments suggest that the use of molecules such as CoCl2 or DFX, that provoke an increased Epo gene expression in the brain, could be useful in the development of potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of hypoxic or ischemic brain injury. GLIA 30:271–278, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Multi-Objective Input–Output Linear Model for Water Supply, Economic Growth and Environmental Planning in Resource-Based Cities

Water resource and environment capacity have become two of the most important restrictions for sustainable development in resource-based cities whose leading industries are the exploitation and processing of resources. Taking Ordos in China as an example, this article constructs an integrated model combining a multi-objective optimization model with input–output analysis to achieve the tradeoffs between economic growth, water utilization and environmental protection. This dynamic model includes socioeconomic, water supply–demand, water quality control, air quality control, energy consumption control and integrated policy sub-models. These six sub-models interact with each other. After simulation, this article proposes efficient solutions on industrial restructuring by maximizing the Gross Regional Product of Ordos from 394.3 in 2012 to 785.1 billion RMB in 2025 with a growth rate of 6.4% annually; and presents a water supply plan by maximizing the proportion of reclaimed water from 2% to 6.3% through sewage treatment technology selection and introduction, and effective water allocation. Meanwhile, the environmental impacts are all in line with the planning targets. This study illustrates that the integrated modeling is generic and can be applied to any region suffering uncoordinated development issues and can serve as a pre-evaluation approach for conducting early warning research to offer suggestions for government decision-making.
Opinion Classification Through Information Extraction

In this paper we present an application of information extraction technologies to data mining. The system has the goal of producing reliable reports on opinions that customers express about companies and/or products. Information extraction is regarded as an enabling technology by which structured databases can be populated from unstructured texts available on the web. The approach can be considered as an alternative to standard text mining techniques: rather than applying data mining algorithms on textual inputs, we propose to apply syntactic and semantic processing in order to disclose structured information which abstrac~s completely from linear order of words and language dependent constmctions.
Robust background subtraction via online robust PCA using image decomposition

Accurate and efficient background subtraction is an important task in video surveillance system. The task becomes more critical when the background scene shows more variations, such as water surface, waving trees and lighting conditions, etc. Recently, Robust Principal Components Analysis (RPCA) shows a nice framework for moving object detection. The background sequence is modeled by a low-dimensional subspace called low-rank matrix and sparse error constitutes the foreground objects. But RPCA presents the limitations of computational complexity and memory storage due to batch optimization methods, as a result it is hard to apply for real-time system. To handle these challenges, this paper presents a robust background subtraction algorithm via Online Robust PCA (OR-PCA) using image decomposition. OR-PCA with image decomposition approach improves the accuracy of foreground detection and the computation time as well. Comprehensive simulations on challenging datasets such as Wallflower, I2R and Change Detection 2014 demonstrate that our proposed scheme significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches and works effectively on a wide range of complex background scenes.
TreeJuxtaposer : Scalable Tree Comparison using Focus + Context with Guaranteed Visibility

This paper describes how we extended the existing TreeJuxtaposer application so that it takes into account edge lengths. When analyzing phylogenetic trees, the domain for which TreeJuxtaposer was designed, edge lengths are a significant feature and must be taken into consideration. We changed the rendering system in TreeJuxtaposer so that it correctly depicts edge lengths. We also implemented complementary interactions like pan and zoom, on top of the existing rendering infrastructure, which preserve the rendered edge lengths. For tree comparison we developed a scalable algorithm for determining the structural differences between two trees that takes into account edge lengths.
Control proposals for the operation of power converters in wind power systems

The wind turbines based on Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) represent almost the 60% of the installed windpower worldwide. Nowadays most of the existing algorithms, used for regulating the production of active and reactive power in such systems, are based on control techniques that use rotational reference frames theories, where the dqO is maybe the most popular. Despite of its good operation under balanced conditions its behaviour depends on a good phase synchronization, otherwise the different transformations cannot be performed with enough guarantees. Of course this kind of response is becomming insuficient, as far as the windpower penetration is increasing. This paper will present a new control topology for DFIG, that are connected using back to back inverters, that is able to behave better in case of faulty grids. Besides some proposals for improving the operation of the DFIG will be presented as well. The aim of that part is to extend the possibilities that the back to back inverters are able to offer to the generator system by means of including new functionalities, as the active filtering capability or the reduction of the flicker emission that will be later discussed.
Social comparison and social identity: Some prospects for intergroup behaviour

Recent studies have reported that the variable of social categorization per se is sufficient for intergroup discrimination. This paper presents an explanation of these findings in terms of the operation of social comparison processes between groups based on the need for a positive ingroup identity. The relationship between perceived social identity and intergroup comparison is elaborated theoretically, and it is argued that social comparisons give rise to processes of mutual differentiation between groups which can be analyzed as a form of ‘social’ competition. Social competition is distinguished from realistic competition (conflict of group interests). New data is reported which strengthens this interpretation of the ‘minimal’ categorization studies. It is found that minimal intergroup discrimination takes place in the distribution of meaningless ‘points’ as well as monetary rewards and that social categorization per se does not lead to intergroup behaviour where the subjects can act directly in terms of ‘self’. Other studies on intergroup biases are reviewed to argue for the generality of social competition in intergroup situations.
An Analysis of the Factors Influencing Fishing Participation by Resident Anglers

A survey of 7,000 property owners in the counties bordering Lake Ontario in New York State was conducted in 2009 to better understand the factors influencing fishing participation by resident anglers. Relationships among motivations, constraints, facilitators, demographic, and experiential characteristics, and fishing participation were studied. A total of 681 questionnaires were completed by anglers. Two factor analyses confirmed 9 motivations and 12 facilitators/constraints. Path analysis revealed direct relationships between fishing participation and gender, number of adult anglers in the household, and three factors perceived as facilitators by the average respondent (level of commitment to fishing, level of interest in fishing, and level of knowledge about fishing); none of the perceived constraints significantly influenced participation. Management efforts focused on increasing the knowledge and interest of resident anglers are suggested for increasing fishing participation in New York's Lake Ontario Region. Including facilitators in future studies on factors influencing participation is recommended.
Induction of dendritic spines by an extracellular domain of AMPA receptor subunit GluR 2

Auditory pathways of caudal telencephalon and their relation to the song system of adult male zebra finches. Acoustic parameters underlying the responses of song-specific neurons in the white-crowned sparrow. Preference for autogenous song by auditory neurons in a song system nucleus of the white-crowned sparrow. Responses of auditory neurons in forebrain of a songbird to stimulation with species-specific sounds. Responsiveness of units in the auditory neostriatum of the guinea fowl (numida-meleagris) to species-specific calls and synthetic stimuli, 2: discrimination of iambus-like calls. Differential representation of species-specific primate vocalizations in the auditory cortices of marmoset and cat. Plasticity in the frequency representation of primary auditory cortex following discrimination training in adult owl monkeys. Effects of shape-discrimination training on the selectivity of inferotemporal cells in adult monkeys.
Don't Throw Out the Baby With the Bathwater: A Commentary On Very-Low-Calorie Diets

Over the past few years, very-lowcalorie diets (VLCDs) have received national attention. The country watched as Oprah Winfrey lost weight on this diet regimen. Based, in part, on her success, participation in commercial VLCD programs skyrocketed. However, when the weight was regained—again before a TV-viewing audience of millions—the popularity of these programs suffered. It seems to be the time to step back from the television and to scientifically appraise the role of VLCDs. Do they have a place in the treatment of obesity? What are the pros and cons of such regimens? The goal of this commentary is to present one person's opinion on these diets and hopefully to stimulate thinking and research about the issues raised.
Homography-Based Positioning and Planar Motion Recovery

Planar motion is an important and frequently occurring situation in mobile robotics applications. This thesis concerns estimation of ego-motion and pose of a single downwards oriented camera under the assumptions of planar motion and known internal camera parameters. The so called essential matrix (or its uncalibrated counterpart, the fundamental matrix) is frequently used in computer vision applications to compute a reconstruction in 3D of the camera locations and the observed scene. However, if the observed points are expected to lie on a plane - e.g. the ground plane - this makes the determination of these matrices an ill-posed problem. Instead, methods based on homographies are better suited to this situation.One section of this thesis is concerned with the extraction of the camera pose and ego-motion from such homographies. We present both a direct SVD-based method and an iterative method, which both solve this problem. The iterative method is extended to allow simultaneous determination of the camera tilt from several homographies obeying the same planar motion model. This extension improves the robustness of the original method, and it provides consistent tilt estimates for the frames that are used for the estimation. The methods are evaluated using experiments on both real and synthetic data.Another part of the thesis deals with the problem of computing the homographies from point correspondences. By using conventional homography estimation methods for this, the resulting homography is of a too general class and is not guaranteed to be compatible with the planar motion assumption. For this reason, we enforce the planar motion model at the homography estimation stage with the help of a new homography solver using a number of polynomial constraints on the entries of the homography matrix. In addition to giving a homography of the right type, this method uses only \num{2.5} point correspondences instead of the conventional four, which is good \eg{} when used in a RANSAC framework for outlier removal. (Less)
Total involvement in quality management

Involvement is a topic of long‐standing interest to management scholars and practitioners, as evidenced by the proliferation of concepts (job involvement, organisational involvement, employee involvement, total involvement) designed to operationalise the construct. Involvement is also of crucial importance to total quality management as a vital means to achieve customer satisfaction, delight and commitment through continuous quality improvement. Yet, involvement in total quality is different from traditional involvement – being a holistic, multi‐faceted construct; based on distinctive TQM principles; and aiming at different objectives. Furthermore, a number of team involvement mechanisms (i.e. quality circles, quality improvement teams and/or quality project teams) have been used interchangeably in the TQM literature, indicating that these concepts are theoretically redundant. The analysis undertaken in this paper reveals that, although closely related, these constructs are not identical since they fulfil differentiated functions. Suggestions for advancing the study of total involvement in quality management are rendered.
Dimension reduction and alleviation of confounding for spatial generalized linear mixed models

Summary. Non‐Gaussian spatial data are very common in many disciplines. For instance, count data are common in disease mapping, and binary data are common in ecology. When fitting spatial regressions for such data, one needs to account for dependence to ensure reliable inference for the regression coefficients. The spatial generalized linear mixed model offers a very popular and flexible approach to modelling such data, but this model suffers from two major shortcomings: variance inflation due to spatial confounding and high dimensional spatial random effects that make fully Bayesian inference for such models computationally challenging. We propose a new parameterization of the spatial generalized linear mixed model that alleviates spatial confounding and speeds computation by greatly reducing the dimension of the spatial random effects. We illustrate the application of our approach to simulated binary, count and Gaussian spatial data sets, and to a large infant mortality data set.
Some Misconceptions about the Hare PCL-R and Risk Assessment

The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised is a reliable and valid measure of a clinical construct, psychopathy. Its validation includes, but is not limited to, its role in risk assessment. Nevertheless, some commentators have questioned the validity of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised because it does not consistently outperform purpose-built risk instruments. We contend that this view is misdirected and reflects a very narrow view of construct validation. The framework for our discussions is the conceptually and methodologically flawed “lesson in knowledge cumulation” recently proffered by Gendreau, Goggin, and Smith in which they arrived at the unwarranted conclusion that the Level of Service Inventory-Revised is generally superior to the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised for predicting recidivism and violence. We argue that both instruments are useful, but for different reasons. The Level of Service Inventory-Revised is a specialized risk tool, whereas the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised and its derivatives measure one of the most explanatory and generalizable risk factors identified to date.
Comparison of CT methods for determining the fat content of the liver.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess which of a number of methods of measuring attenuation on CT scans is best for prediction of hepatic fat content. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study was approved by our institutional review board. Consecutively registered patients who underwent liver resection for metastatic disease formed the study group. Attenuation measurements were obtained from 12 regions of interest in the liver and three in the spleen on both unenhanced and portal phase contrast-enhanced preoperative hepatic CT images. Hepatic attenuation measurements were analyzed both with and without normalization with the spleen. Normalization included both differences and ratios between hepatic and splenic attenuation values. Pathologic fat content was graded semiquantitatively as a percentage of the nonneoplastic liver parenchyma of the resected specimen. Average attenuation values of the liver were compared with pathologic fat content, as were the differences and ratios between hepatic and splenic attenuation values. Linear regression analysis was conducted on a log-log scale. RESULTS Data on 88 patients were analyzed. On unenhanced and contrast-enhanced CT images, all associations between pathologic fat content and attenuation measurements were significant (p < 0.0001). All series of R2 values for unenhanced CT scans were much higher than those for contrast-enhanced CT scans. The R2 values of liver-only measurement were higher than those of hepatic values normalized with splenic values on both unenhanced (0.646-0.649 > 0.523, 0.565) and contrast-enhanced (0.516 > 0.242, 0.344) CT. CONCLUSION Measurement of attenuation of liver only on unenhanced CT scans is best for prediction of pathologic fat content.
Interactions, Activities and Gender in Children's Television Commercials : A Content Analysis

This content analysis examined 595 commercials featuring children in programming aimed at children. It analyzed the portrayals of activities and interactions of boys and girls in both single-gender and mixed-gender commercials. Nearly equal numbers of girls and boys were portrayed together acting cooperatively. However, single-gender commercials portrayed girls in stereotypical domestic settings. Also, the primary activity of children in the commercials analyzed was non-creative play, and considerable violence and aggression were portrayed.
Inactivation of enterococci and fecal coliforms from sewage and meatworks effluents in seawater chambers

Inactivation in sunlight of fecal coliforms (FC) and enterococci (Ent) from sewage and meatworks effluents was measured in 300-liter effluent-seawater mixtures (2% vol/vol) held in open-topped chambers. Dark inactivation rates (kDs) were measured (from log-linear survival curves) in enclosed chambers and 6-liter pots. The kD for FC was 2 to 4 times that for Ent, and inactivation was generally slower at lower temperatures. Sunlight inactivation was described in terms of shoulder size (n) and the slope (k) of the log-linear portion of the survival curve as a function of global solar insolation and UV-B fluence. The n values tended to be larger for Ent than for FC, and the k values for FC were around twice those for Ent in both effluent-seawater mixtures. The combined sunlight data showed a general inactivation rate (k) ranking in effluent-seawater mixtures of meatworks FC > sewage FC > meatworks Ent > sewage Ent. Describing 90% inactivation in terms of insolation (S90) gave far less seasonal variation than T90 (time-dependent) values. However, there were significant differences in inactivation rates between experiments, indicating the contribution to inactivation of factors other than insolation. Inactivation rates under different long-pass optical filters decreased with the increase in the spectral cutoff wavelength (lambda 50) of the filters and indicated little contribution by UV-B to total inactivation. Most inactivation appeared to be caused by two main regions of the solar spectrum--between 318 and 340 nm in the UV region and > 400 nm in the visible region.
The Dual Specificity Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1 and −2 Are Induced by the p42/p44MAPK Cascade*

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) and MKP-2 are two members of a recently described family of dual specificity phosphatases that are capable of dephosphorylating p42/p44MAPK. Overexpression of MKP-1 or MKP-2 inhibits MAP kinase-dependent intracellular signaling events and fibroblast proliferation. By using specific antibodies that recognize endogenous MKP-1 and MKP-2 in CCL39 cells, we show that MKP-1 and MKP-2 are not expressed in quiescent cells, but are rapidly induced following serum addition, with protein detectable as early as 30 min (MKP-1) or 60 min (MKP-2). Serum induction of MKP-1 and MKP-2 is sustained, with protein detectable up to 14 h after serum addition. Induction of MKP-1 and, to a lesser extent, MKP-2 temporally correlates with p42/p44MAPK inactivation. To analyze the contribution of the MAP kinase cascade to MKP-1 and MKP-2 induction, we examined CCL39 cells transformed with either v-ras or a constitutively active direct upstream activator of MAP kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1 (MKK-1; MKK-1(SD/SD) mutant). In both cell models, MKP-1 and MKP-2 are constitutively expressed, with MKP-2 being prevalent. In addition, in CCL39 cells expressing an estradiol-inducible ΔRaf-1::ER chimera, activation of Raf alone is sufficient to induce MKP-1 and MKP-2. The role of the MAP kinase cascade in MKP induction was highlighted by the MKK-1 inhibitor PD 098059, which blunted both the activation of p42/p44MAPK and the induction of MKP-1 and MKP-2. However, the MAP kinase cascade is not absolutely required for the induction of MKP-1, as this phosphatase, but not MKP-2, was induced to detectable levels by agents that stimulate protein kinases A and C. Thus, activation of the p42/p44MAPK cascade promotes the induction of MKP-1 and MKP-2, which may then attenuate p42/p44MAPK-dependent events in an inhibitory feedback loop.