Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electric fields for the treatment of glioblastoma

Evaluation of: Stupp R, Wong ET, Kanner AA et al. NovoTTF-100A versus physician’s choice chemotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma: a randomised Phase III trial of a novel treatment modality. Eur. J. Cancer 48(14), 2192–2202 (2012). Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant cerebral tumor in adults, with a poor prognosis despite several therapeutic efforts. Electric fields (EFs) have shown promising results as a new anticancer treatment. Stupp et al. report on the first Phase III trial comparing EF versus chemotherapy in patients with recurrent GBM. The study was designed for superiority; although well conducted, it might not have shown it for a limited compliance in the EF group. Even with this limitation, the trial has shown at least equivalence of EF to chemotherapy, with a decreased toxicity and increased quality of life favoring EF. Further basic and clinical studies are warranted to increase knowledge, efficacy, compliance and cost–effectiveness. This trial has opened a new promising field in GBM treatment.
Mining fine-grained opinions on closed captions of YouTube videos with an attention-RNN

Video reviews are the natural evolution of written product reviews. In this paper we target this phenomenon and introduce the first dataset created from closed captions of YouTube product review videos as well as a new attention-RNN model for aspect extraction and joint aspect extraction and sentiment classification. Our model provides state-of-the-art performance on aspect extraction without requiring the usage of hand-crafted features on the SemEval ABSA corpus, while it outperforms the baseline on the joint task. In our dataset, the attention-RNN model outperforms the baseline for both tasks, but we observe important performance drops for all models in comparison to SemEval. These results, as well as further experiments on domain adaptation for aspect extraction, suggest that differences between speech and written text, which have been discussed extensively in the literature, also extend to the domain of product reviews, where they are relevant for fine-grained opinion mining.
Asbestos fiber length as related to potential pathogenicity: a critical review.

BACKGROUND Asbestos inhalation is recognized as an exposure that increases the risk for the development of lung disease. It is unique among dusts in that it is both a carcinogen and capable of inducing extrapulmonary responses such as pleural thickening and fibrosis as well as malignancy. One feature of asbestos suggested as crucial in its pathological activity is its fibrous morphology. Long fibers that have been inhaled are cleared less readily and are thus more persistent in the body. Furthermore certain experimental models link fiber length to levels of risks for development of certain diseases. The present review will survey the data on this subject. METHODS The review considers experimental models that have been used to assess the response to various lengths of fibers in animal models in addition to data obtained from studies of human materials. The review also emphasizes the importance in defining the method by which a sample is categorized. RESULTS Data are offered which support the potential for longer fibers as well as shorter fibers to contribute to pathological responses. CONCLUSIONS The data presented argue that asbestos fibers of all lengths induce pathological responses and that caution should be exerted when attempting to exclude any population of inhaled fibers, based on their length, from being contributors to the potential for development of asbestos-related diseases.
Running a hospital patient safety campaign: a qualitative study.

PURPOSE Research on patient safety campaigns has mostly concentrated on large-scale multi-organisation efforts, yet locally led improvement is increasingly promoted. The purpose of this paper is to characterise the design and implementation of an internal patient safety campaign at a large acute National Health Service hospital trust with a view to understanding how to optimise such campaigns. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH The authors conducted a qualitative study of a campaign that sought to achieve 12 patient safety goals. The authors interviewed 19 managers and 45 frontline staff, supplemented by 56 hours of non-participant observation. Data analysis was based on the constant comparative method. FINDINGS The campaign was motivated by senior managers' commitment to patient safety improvement, a series of serious untoward incidents, and a history of campaign-style initiatives at the trust. While the campaign succeeded in generating enthusiasm and focus among managers and some frontline staff, it encountered three challenges. First, though many staff at the sharp end were aware of the campaign, their knowledge, and acceptance of its content, rationale, and relevance for distinct clinical areas were variable. Second, the mechanisms of change, albeit effective in creating focus, may have been too limited. Third, many saw the tempo of the campaign as too rapid. Overall, the campaign enjoyed some success in raising the profile of patient safety. However, its ability to promote change was mixed, and progress was difficult to evidence because of lack of reliable measurement. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The study shows that single-organisation campaigns may help in raising the profile of patient safety. The authors offer important lessons for the successful running of such campaigns.
The role of Schizosaccharomyces pombe Rad32, the Mre11 homologue, and other DNA damage response proteins in non-homologous end joining and telomere length maintenance

The Schizosaccharomyces pombe homologue of Mre11, Rad32, is required for repair of UV- and ionising radiation-induced DNA damage and meiotic recombination. In this study we have investigated the role of Rad32 and other DNA damage response proteins in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and telomere length maintenance in S.pombe. We show that NHEJ in S.pombe occurs by an error-prone mechanism, in contrast to the accurate repair observed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Deletion of the rad32 gene results in a modest reduction in NHEJ activity and the remaining repair events that occur are accurate. Mutations in two of the phosphoesterase motifs in Rad32 have no effect on the efficiency or accuracy of end joining, suggesting that the role of Rad32 protein may be to recruit another nuclease(s) for processing during the end joining reaction. We also analysed NHEJ in other DNA damage response mutants and showed that the checkpoint mutant rad3-d and two recombination mutants defective in rhp51 and rhp54 (homologues of S.cerevisiae RAD51 and RAD54, respectively) are not affected. However disruption of rad22, rqh1 and rhp9 / crb2 (homologues of the S.cerevisiae RAD52, SGS1 and RAD9 genes) resulted in increased NHEJ activity. Telomere lengths in the rad32, rhp9 and rqh1 null alleles were reduced to varying extents intermediate between the lengths observed in wild-type and rad3 null cells.
Both Genome Segments Contribute to the Pathogenicity of Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus

ABSTRACT Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes an economically significant disease of chickens worldwide. Very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) strains have emerged and induce as much as 60% mortality. The molecular basis for vvIBDV pathogenicity is not understood, and the relative contributions of the two genome segments, A and B, to this phenomenon are not known. Isolate 94432 has been shown previously to be genetically related to vvIBDVs but exhibits atypical antigenicity and does not cause mortality. Here the full-length genome of 94432 was determined, and a reverse genetics system was established. The molecular clone was rescued and exhibited the same antigenicity and reduced pathogenicity as isolate 94432. Genetically modified viruses derived from 94432, whose vvIBDV consensus nucleotide sequence was restored in segment A and/or B, were produced, and their pathogenicity was assessed in specific-pathogen-free chickens. We found that a valine (position 321) that modifies the most exposed part of the capsid protein VP2 critically modified the antigenicity and partially reduced the pathogenicity of 94432. However, a threonine (position 276) located in the finger domain of the virus polymerase (VP1) contributed even more significantly to attenuation. This threonine is partially exposed in a hydrophobic groove on the VP1 surface, suggesting possible interactions between VP1 and another, as yet unidentified molecule at this amino acid position. The restored vvIBDV-like pathogenicity was associated with increased replication and lesions in the thymus and spleen. These results demonstrate that both genome segments influence vvIBDV pathogenicity and may provide new targets for the attenuation of vvIBDVs.
Note on Japanese Epistemic Verb Constructions: A Surface-Compositional Analysis

This paper offers a new analysis of the raising to object construction in Japanese. This has been extensively discussed following Kuno (1976) for the case where the ma- trix predicate is an epistemic verb. Under CCG analysis an o-marked phrase is a surface- compositional object rather than a raised argument. This new approach correctly predicts the thetic and categorical judgments of epistemic verb constructions, which have hitherto only been accounted for by the studies which emphasize only the syntactic aspects of the construction.
Formation of Mobile Chromatin-Associated Nuclear Foci Containing HIV-1 Vpr and VPRBP Is Critical for the Induction of G2 Cell Cycle Arrest

HIV-1 Viral protein R (Vpr) induces a cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase by activating the ATR DNA damage/stress checkpoint. Recently, we and several other groups showed that Vpr performs this activity by recruiting the DDB1-CUL4A (VPRBP) E3 ubiquitin ligase. While recruitment of this E3 ubiquitin ligase complex has been shown to be required for G2 arrest, the subcellular compartment where this complex forms and functionally acts is unknown. Herein, using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, we show that Vpr forms nuclear foci in several cell types including HeLa cells and primary CD4+ T-lymphocytes. These nuclear foci contain VPRBP and partially overlap with DNA repair foci components such as γ-H2AX, 53BP1 and RPA32. While treatment with the non-specific ATR inhibitor caffeine or depletion of VPRBP by siRNA did not inhibit formation of Vpr nuclear foci, mutations in the C-terminal domain of Vpr and cytoplasmic sequestration of Vpr by overexpression of Gag-Pol resulted in impaired formation of these nuclear structures and defective G2 arrest. Consistently, we observed that G2 arrest-competent sooty mangabey Vpr could form these foci but not its G2 arrest-defective paralog Vpx, suggesting that formation of Vpr nuclear foci represents a critical early event in the induction of G2 arrest. Indeed, we found that Vpr could associate to chromatin via its C-terminal domain and that it could form a complex with VPRBP on chromatin. Finally, analysis of Vpr nuclear foci by time-lapse microscopy showed that they were highly mobile and stable structures. Overall, our results suggest that Vpr recruits the DDB1-CUL4A (VPRBP) E3 ligase to these nuclear foci and uses these mobile structures to target a chromatin-bound cellular substrate for ubiquitination in order to induce DNA damage/replication stress, ultimately leading to ATR activation and G2 cell cycle arrest.
Intrathecal drug delivery systems for the management of chronic non-cancer pain: protocol for a systematic review of economic evaluations

Introduction Intrathecal drug delivery (ITDD) systems are an option for the management of patients with chronic non-cancer pain, cancer pain and spasticity. Concerns over their invasiveness and high initial costs have led National Health Service (NHS) England to decommission ITDD for patients with chronic non-cancer pain. However, the extent to which this decision is in line with existing economic evidence is unclear. To address this question, we will carry out a systematic review to identify and evaluate the existing evidence on the cost-effectiveness of ITDD for chronic non-cancer pain. Methods and analysis A high-sensitivity search strategy will be employed in Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, NHS EED, DARE and HTA. Database searches will be complemented by additional searching techniques. Screening of the results will be performed by 2 reviewers independently using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Full and partial economic evaluations will be included. Data extraction will be carried out using a form created for the purposes of this review. Quality assessment of all included studies will be performed using recommended checklists. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. PROSPERO registration number CRD42016035266.
IMPACT OF TAXONOMY, GEOGRAPHY, AND DEPTH ON δ13C AND δ15N VARIATION IN A LARGE COLLECTION OF MACROALGAE 1

The natural abundance of carbon stable isotopes (δ13C) of marine macrophytes has been measured in previous studies and used to analyze differences in Ci assimilation among the three macroalgal phyla, Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta, and Rhodophyta, and seagrasses, distinguishing diffusive CO2 entry from the operation of a CO2‐concentrating mechanisms (CCM). The work reported here further resolves the patterns of δ13C variation in aquatic macrophytes related to their taxonomy, geographic location (and consequently climatic conditions), and vertical zonation. Analyses of δ13C for 87 species are reported, including eight that have not been previously examined, belonging to taxa in the three macroalgal phyla, plus two species of seagrasses, collected at different latitudes. For one species of each phylum, analyses were also conducted through a vertical depth gradient. Representative species were used in a pH drift experiment, in order to compare the mechanism of Ci acquisition for photosynthesis with the δ13C subsequently determined on the same specimen. Our results suggest that the δ13C values were mostly determined by taxonomy. Depth effects on C stable isotope composition differed among taxa. The parallel measurements of δ15N are more difficult to interpret mechanistically; there are no robust phylogenetic and large‐scale biogeographic correlations; local factors of natural (e.g., upwellings) and anthropogenic (e.g., sewage outfall) inputs predominate in determining the macrophyte δ15N.
Social vocalizations can release oxytocin in humans

Vocalizations are important components of social behaviour in many vertebrate species, including our own. Less well-understood are the hormonal mechanisms involved in response to vocal cues, and how these systems may influence the course of behavioural evolution. The neurohormone oxytocin (OT) partly governs a number of biological and social processes critical to fitness, such as attachment between mothers and their young, and suppression of the stress response after contact with trusted conspecfics. Rodent studies suggest that OT's release is contingent upon direct tactile contact with such individuals, but we hypothesized that vocalizations might be capable of producing the same effect. To test our hypothesis, we chose human mother–daughter dyads and applied a social stressor to the children, following which we randomly assigned participants into complete contact, speech-only or no-contact conditions. Children receiving a full complement of comfort including physical, vocal and non-verbal contact showed the highest levels of OT and the swiftest return to baseline of a biological marker of stress (salivary cortisol), but a strikingly similar hormonal profile emerged in children comforted solely by their mother's voice. Our results suggest that vocalizations may be as important as touch to the neuroendocrine regulation of social bonding in our species.
Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association State of the Science: Promoting Self-Care in Persons With Heart Failure: A

Copyright © 2009 American Heart Association. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online 72514 Circulation is published by the American Heart Association. 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109. 192628 2009;120;1141-1163; originally published online Aug 31, 2009; Circulation and Outcomes Research Physical Activity, and Metabolism, and Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Nutrition, David J. Whellan and on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Lee, JoAnn Lindenfeld, Pamela N. Peterson, Susan J. Pressler, Douglas D. Schocken, S. Dunbar, Kathleen L. Grady, Michelle Z. Gurvitz, Edward P. Havranek, Christopher Barbara Riegel, Debra K. Moser, Stefan D. Anker, Lawrence J. Appel, Sandra B. Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association State of the Science: Promoting Self-Care in Persons With Heart Failure: A http://circ.ahajournals. org/cgi/content/full/120/12/1141 located on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is
An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for the qualitative study of perceptual prominence in linguistics

This paper explores the applications of fuzzy logic inference systems as an instrument to perform linguistic analysis in the domain of prosodic prominence. Understanding how acoustic features interact to make a linguistic unit be perceived as more relevant than the surrounding ones is generally needed to study the cognitive processes needed for speech understanding. It also has technological applications in the field of speech recognition and synthesis. We present a first experiment to show how fuzzy inference systems, being characterised by their capability to provide detailed insight about the models obtained through supervised learning can help investigate the complex relationships among acoustic features linked to prominence perception.
BIOINFORMATICS ORIGINAL PAPER

Motivation: Ancestral gene order reconstruction problems, including the median problem, quartet construction, small phylogeny, guided genome halving and genome aliquoting, are NP hard. Available heuristics dedicated to each of these problems are computationally costly for even small instances. Results: We present a data structure enabling rapid heuristic solution to all these ancestral genome reconstruction problems. A generic greedy algorithm with look-ahead based on an automatically generated priority system sufﬁces for all the problems using this data structure. The efﬁciency of the algorithm is due to fast updating of the structure during run time and to the simplicity of the priority scheme. We illustrate with the ﬁrst rapid algorithm for quartet construction and apply this to a set of yeast genomes to corroborate a recent gene sequence-based phylogeny. Availability: http://albuquerque.bioinformatics. uottawa.ca/pathgroup/ Quartet.html
Convergence as a cue to perceived size and distance

A wire mesh was used as stimulus object in the old ‘wall-paper experiment’. Fixating a small object on the near side of the wire mesh, the mesh appears of course double. By adjusting the fixation object back and forth a position can be reached at which fusion of the double image is obtained. At this moment the wire mesh appears to shift location. A nearly perfect one-to-one correspondence obtained between the perceived distance of the ‘fused. ’ wire mesh and the actual convergence distance. It is concluded that the convergence mechanism may provide perfectly specific information to the visual system concerning the spatial location of objects.
Automatic fusion of photogrammetric imagery and laser scanner point clouds

Fusion of close range photogrammery and the relatively new technology of terrestrial laser scanning methods offer new opportunities for photorealistic 3D models presentation, classification of real world objects and virtual reality creation (fly through). Laser scanning technology could be seen as a complement to close-range photogrammetry. For instance, terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) have the ability to rapidly collect high-resolution 3D surface information of an object. The same type of data could be generated using close range photogrammetric (CRP) techniques, but image disparities common to close range scenes makes this an operator intensive task. The imaging systems of some TLSs do not have very high radiometric resolution whereas high-resolution digital cameras used in modern CRP do. Finally, TLSs are essentially Earth-bound whereas cameras can be moved at will around the object being imaged. This paper presents the result of an initial study into the fusion of terrestrial laser scanner generated 3D data and highresolution digital images. Three approaches for their fusion have been investigated data fusion which integrates data from the sensors to create synthetic perspective imagery; image fusion (synthetic perspective imagery and the intensity images); and modelbased image fusion (2D intensity image and the 3D geometric model). Image registration, which includes feature detection and feature correspondence matching, is performed prior to fusion, to determine the relative rotation and translation of the digital camera relative to the laser scanner. To overcome the differences in datasets, a feature and area based matching algorithm was successfully developed and implemented. Some results of measurements on interest points and correspondence matching are presented. The result of the initial study shows that most promise is offered by model-based approaches.
Synchronizing state with strong similarity between local and remote systems

Distributed systems such as a mobile device and its cloud storage have a strongly similar state: they are periodically synchronized, but evolve independently in between the synchronization events, sometimes in a disconnected manner that makes keeping the state consistent at both end difficult. This scenario appears in a wide range of situations, between a mobile device application and its server, in database situations. Another context is that of two routers which see similar traffic to populate their route tables and want to exchange these route tables. In all these cases, we need to periodically synchronize a local state and a remote state at the minimum possible cost in terms of bandwidth in between the two synchronization points. We consider a simple distributed source coding approach to the problem of efficient set reconciliation to support the exchange of this highly correlated caching information between a local and a remote system. We show theoretically that we can keep the amount of exchanged data proportional to the size of the cache difference; and we show by simulation that our method is practical to implement.