Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonconserved Lysine Residues Attenuate the Biological Function of the Low-Risk Human Papillomavirus E7 Protein

ABSTRACT The mucosotrophic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are classified as high-risk (HR) or low-risk (LR) genotypes based on their neoplastic properties. We have demonstrated previously that the E7 protein destabilizes p130, a pRb-related pocket protein, thereby promoting S-phase reentry in postmitotic, differentiated keratinocytes of squamous epithelia, and that HR HPV E7 does so more efficiently than LR HPV E7. The E7 proteins of LR HPV-11 and -6b uniquely possess lysine residues following a casein kinase II phosphorylation motif which is critical for the biological function of E7. We now show that mutations of these lysine residues elevated the efficiency of S-phase reentry, independent of their charge. An 11E7 K39,42R mutation moderately increased the association with and the destabilization of p130. Unexpectedly, polyubiquitination on these lysine residues did not attenuate E7 activity, as their mutation caused elevated proteasomal degradation and decreased protein stability. In this regard, the biologically more potent HR HPV E7 proteins were also less stable than the LR HPV E7 proteins. We infer that these lysine residues impede functional protein-protein interactions. A G22D mutation of 11E7 at the pocket protein binding motif possessed augmented efficiency in promoting S-phase reentry and strongly enhanced association with p130 and pRb. The combined effects of these two classes of 11E7 mutations exhibited an efficiency of S-phase reentry comparable to that of HR HPV E7. Thus, these nonconserved residues are primarily responsible for the differential abilities of LR and HR HPV E7 proteins to promote unscheduled DNA replication in organotypic raft cultures.
Analysis of on chip decoupling capacitor in the double-gate FinFETs with PEEC-based power delivery network

As the technology node has scaled down below 32 nm, the supply voltage has decreased to 1V and the current demands for active devices have increased. Therefore, the supply noise due to the IR drop in the power delivery network (PDN) has become a critical problem for robust circuit operation. Huge decoupling capacitors are introduced to overcome the supply voltage fluctuations. In this study, we investigate a 32-nm double-gate FinFET device for a decoupling capacitor in the PDN. The circuit designers can independently control both the gates in the double-gate FinFET. We compare the supply and ground noise reduction in the conventional planar CMOS and in various FinFET structures in a PEEC-based practical PDN and propose the best decoupling capacitor design strategy for double-gate FinFETs. The simulation results show that we can achieve an increased reduction in the supply voltage noise up to 50% by shorting the front gate and back gate together.
Monetary Policy and Inflation Expectations in Latin America: Long‐Run Effects and Volatility Spillovers

This paper uses multiple cointegration analysis to estimate simultaneously a monetary reaction function and the determinants of expected inflation for Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. In addition, M-GARCH modeling is used to test for the presence of volatility spillovers between the monetary stance and inflation expectations. The analysis shows that there are long-term relationships between the interest rate, expected inflation, and the inflation target, and that greater volatility in the monetary stance increases the volatility of expected inflation in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico. Copyright (c) 2009 The Ohio State University.
Review of lipiodol treatment for infertility – an innovative treatment for endometriosis‐related infertility?

A lipiodol hysterosalpingogram was the routine test for tubal patency as recently as the 1970s. Observational studies, then randomised controlled trials, provided evidence of a fertility enhancing effect of lipiodol. It has been found to improve fertility for women with normal tubal patency, particularly where the woman has a history of endometriosis. Previous successful treatment for infertility with lipiodol is a marker of further successful treatment for infertility in a repeat procedure. Whilst lipiodol is probably effective at flushing debris that could hinder fertility from fallopian tubes, it also exerts immunobiological effects in pelvic peritoneum and on the endometrium that could be responsible for fertility enhancement. Effects of lipiodol on the endometrium that might be important at the time of the implantation window are a reduced expression of osteopontin and an increased number of uterine natural killer cells postlipiodol. The effect of lipiodol uterine bathing for women with endometriosis, repeat in vitro fertilisation (IVF) implantation failure and other reproductive disorders merits further investigation. Lipiodol presents a new, simple, low invasive, inexpensive treatment option for endometriosis‐related infertility and might have wider applications.
The Changing Selectivity of American Colleges

This paper shows that although the top ten percent of colleges are substantially more selective now than they were 5 decades ago, most colleges are not more selective. Moreover, at least 50 percent of colleges are substantially less selective now than they were then. This paper demonstrates that competition for space--the number of students who wish to attend college growing faster than the number of spaces available--does not explain changing selectivity. The explanation is, instead, that the elasticity of a student's preference for a college with respect to its proximity to his home has fallen substantially over time and there has been a corresponding increase in the elasticity of his preference for a college with respect to its resources and peers. In other words, students used to attend a local college regardless of their abilities and its characteristics. Now, their choices are driven far less by distance and far more by a college's resources and student body. It is the consequent re-sorting of students among colleges that has, at once, caused selectivity to rise in a small number of colleges while simultaneously causing it to fall in other colleges. I show that the integration of the market for college education has had profound implications on the peers whom college students experience, the resources invested in their education, the tuition they pay, and the subsidies they enjoy. An important finding is that, even though tuition has been rising rapidly at the most selective schools, the deal students get there has arguably improved greatly. The result is that the "stakes" associated with admission to these colleges are much higher now than in the past.
Effect of changes in illumination level on electro-oculography (EOG).

Abstract : Changes occur in the corneo-retinal potential of the eye when the level of ambient illumination is altered. These changes can seriously affect electro-oculographic (EOG) records, a technique frequently used for measuring nystagmus. EOG calibrations were done on seven human subjects for periods during which the illumination was varied between normal room light, red light and total darkness. The time dependence of the observed variations was established and seen to be reasonably consistent between all subjects. For purposes of EOG calibration, no difference was found between a red light environment and total darkness. When experiments are to be performed in the dark, or with eyes closed, it is strongly recommended that subjects be dark adapted for at least 50 minutes prior to calibrating and recording eye position. (Author)
CONSTITUENCY PREFERENCE AND POLICE CONSOLIDATION: THE CASE OF WEST HOLLYWOOD

"This study estimates the determinants of voter behavior in a local referendum on contracting for municipal police services. Recent empirical research has found that police services are produced under decreasing returns to scale. The electorate in West Hollywood, California decided in 1992 to maintain its police contractual agreement with the larger county police department. This paper finds that economic costs/benefits were significant determinants of the voters' decisions, suggesting that the electorate's expectations on the relative costs of the alternative police regimes contradict the efficiency implications of recent empirical research. " ("JEL" H31, H77) Copyright 1999 Western Economic Association International.
On the Interpretation of Near Random-Walk Behavior in Gnp

It is shown that GNP will have an autoregressive root very close to unity in a variant of Taylor's (1980a,b) overlapping wage contracts model, for stylized versions of simple money supply rules and plausible values for the model's parameters. In this variant, monetary policy is the only reason for serial correlation in GNP. It is premature, therefore, to conclude, as some authors, have, that the presence of such a root in U.S. GNP is inconsistent with either a stationary natural rate or with nominal shocks playing a major role in the business cycle.
Osmotic regulation of porin expression: a role for DNA supercoiling

The OmpC and OmpF porins are major outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli and Saimonella typhimurium. Their expression is affected by many environmental factors and by mutations in a variety of independent genes. The pair of regulatory proteins, OmpR and EnvZ, are required for normal porin expression. Despite intensive investigation, the mechanisms by which porin expression is regulated remain unclear. Mutations which alter supercoiling, as well as inhibitors of DNA gyrase, show that porin expression is extremely and specifically sensitive to the level of DNA supercoiling. Our data lead us to suggest that environmentally induced changes in DNA supercoiling may play a role in determining the level of porin expression. These findings have implications for current models of porin regulation.
Flexible Hours, Workplace Authority, and Compensating Wage Differentials in the US

The theory of compensating differentials suggests that workers with flexible schedules will earn less than other workers. Some authors have also contended that the concentration of women in jobs with flexible hours explains a significant part of the gender pay gap. This paper uses data from the US subset of the Comparative Project in Class Analysis to test these hypotheses. These data first indicate that, contrary to popular wisdom, women workers do not have more flexible schedules than men. Second, the really striking differential is by race: black workers have much more rigid schedules than white workers. Third, workers with more authority at the workplace typically have more flexibility than subordinate workers. Finally, the data show that any compensating differentials for flexible hours are small and are offset by returns to workplace authority.
Molecular evolution of myelin basic protein, an abundant structural myelin component

Rapid nerve conduction in jawed vertebrates is facilitated by the myelination of axons, which evolved in ancient cartilaginous fish. We aim to understand the coevolution of myelin and the major myelin proteins. We found that myelin basic protein (MBP) derived from living cartilaginous fish (sharks and rays) associated with the plasma membrane of glial cells similar to the phosphatidylinositol (4,5)‐bisphosphate (PIP2)‐binding marker PH‐PLCδ1, and that ionomycin‐induced PIP2‐hydrolysis led to its cellular redistribution. We identified two paralogous mbp genes in multiple teleost species, consistent with a genome duplication at the root of the teleost clade. Zebrafish mbpb is organized in a complex transcription unit together with the unrelated gene‐of‐the‐oligodendrocyte‐lineage (golli) while mbpa does not encode GOLLI. Moreover, the embryonic expression of mbpa and mbpb differed, indicating functional specialization after duplication. However, both mbpa and mbpb‐mRNAs were detected in mature oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, MBPa and MBPb were mass spectrometrically identified in zebrafish myelin, both associated with the plasma membrane via PIP2, and the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide‐substitution rates (Ka/Ks) was low. Together, this indicates selective pressure to conserve many aspects of the cellular expression and function of MBP across vertebrate species. We propose that the PIP2–binding function of MBP is evolutionarily old and that its emergence in ancient gnathostomata provided glial cells with the competence to myelinate. GLIA 2013;61:1364–1377
The organic and strategic growth of interprofessionalism in athletic training

Interprofessional education (IPE) has been recommended to help promote collaborative patient-centred care (e.g. World Health Organization (WHO), 2008). The athletic training (AT) profession has long embraced the tenets of interprofessional practice (IPP) but many times was not included in discussion of IPE at the institutional, governmental, and international levels. As a result, the concept of IPE, which has been an emphasis in medicine, nursing, and other healthcare professions since the 1980’s has not been a part of AT programmes. While many health professions accreditors have integrated IPE competencies into their standards, little is known about how AT – a profession with historically less direct institutional alignment to the health sciences – can incorporated IPE into their programmes. In 2012, the Executive Committee for Education (ECE) of the National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA) authored the “Future Directions in Athletic Training” document which made recommendations regarding the evolution of AT (Executive Committee for Education, 2012). A strategy for the formal inclusion of IPE into AT was developed and implemented in order to inform the AT profession, peer professions, and other stakeholders about the importance of including IPE within AT programmes (Rizzo, Breitbach, & Richardson, 2014). This editorial summarizes the organic growth of interprofessionalism in AT and the strategic implementation of the recommendations, including additional opportunities as professional preparation in AT grows and evolves in the future.
FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY: THE CASE OF MEXICO*

This paper examines whether the relative performance of firms within Mexican manufacturing industries varies systematically with the presence of foreign subsidiaries. It also analyzes how foreign entry influences the technological structure in host country industries. The findings suggest that (1) foreign presence in an industry is positively correlated with structural efficiency and (2) foreign entry is related to structural changes only in the "modern" part of the industries. The most important source of spillover efficiency is found to be in the competitive pressure induced by the foreign firms. I. INTRODUCTION A WIDELY held view among economists studying foreign investment is that one of the important contributions to the host country is likely to stem from external effects or spillovers. The spillovers can be of different kinds. The foreign firms may influence the productivity and growth of the domestically owned firm; they may change the nature and evolution of concentration; they may alter financing, marketing, and technological and managerial practices in the industries that they enter, et cetera. Because of great methodological difficulties in investigating these effects empirically in addition to lack of data, few empirical investigations appear in the literature. Three available econometric studies deal with the influence of foreign investment on the technical efficiency of host country firms. One focuses on Australia (Caves [1974]), one on Canada (Globerman [1979]), and one on Mexico (Blomstrom and Persson [1983]). All three find some support for the spillover benefit hypothesis, but none of the studies analyzes the nature of spillover efficiency in depth. The present paper is an attempt to identify through what mechanisms the spillover efficiency of foreign investment takes place by analyzing the effects of foreign investment on the productive efficiency of the industrial structure in Mexico. We will examine whether the relative performance of firms within an industry varies systematically with the presence of foreign subsidiaries. We will also analyze the impact of foreign investment on structural change, that is how foreign entry influences the technological structure in host country industries.
THE OPEN SHOP UNION, WAGES, AND MANAGEMENT OPPOSITION

This paper develops a model of union-firm bargaining in which union membership is determined with the wage through the impact of management opposition to unionization. Empirical evidence, both for the United States and the United Kingdom, suggests that management opposition to unions is an important determinant of union membership necessary for the union to be able to obtain a wage mark-up and the authors analyze how this critical level varies with the parameters of the model, such as the competitive wage and the firm's product market conditions. Copyright 1993 by Royal Economic Society.
New Labour, work and the family

New Labour has put support for the family at the core of its notion of the "strong community". Across a range of policy areas the Labour government can be seen to be developing a direct and explicit family policy. But what kind of community is the government trying to shape by these policies? On the one hand, Labour appears to support the family as the basis of a more moral, dutiful and cohesive community. On the other hand, the government has given weight to policies that support social inclusion in the community through paid work. This paper examines whether there is a tension in Labour's social policies between its emphasis on the importance of stable family life and the primacy given to paid work. Are critics like Ruth Levitas right when they argue that the government's emphasis on paid work devalues, and is unsupportive of, unpaid work, especially caring for children and other family members? Alternatively, can this combination of communitarianisms—community as "stable family" and community as "paid work"—be seen to be marking out some "third way" on the family? We shall show that different aspects of the government's family policies reflect different perspectives and policy agendas within New Labour and third-way thinking more broadly. And while recognizing the tensions between work and the family, we shall suggest that they are often overstated and fail to give sufficient weight to the complementary aspects of Labour's welfare reforms.
Proton radiation therapy for chordomas and chondrosarcomas of the skull base.

OBJECT Local tumor control, patient survival, and treatment failure outcomes were analyzed to assess treatment efficacy in 58 patients in whom fractionated proton radiation therapy (RT) was administered for skull base chordomas and chondrosarcomas. METHODS Between March 1992 and January 1998, a total of 58 patients who could be evaluated were treated for skull base tumors, 33 for chordoma and 25 for chondrosarcoma. Following various surgical procedures, residual tumor was detected in 91% of patients; 59% demonstrated brainstem involvement. Target dosages ranged from 64.8 and 79.2 (mean 70.7) Co Gy equivalent. The range of follow up was 7 to 75 months (mean 33 months). In 10 patients (17%) the treatment failed locally, resulting in local control rates of 92% (23 of 25 patients) for chondrosarcomas and 76% (25 of 33 patients) for chordomas. Tumor volume and brainstem involvement influenced control rates. All tumors with volumes of 25 ml or less remained locally controlled, compared with 56% of tumors larger than 25 ml (p = 0.02); 94% of patients without brainstem involvement did not experience recurrence; in patients with brainstem involvement (and dose reduction because of brainstem tolerance constraints) the authors achieved a tumor control rate of 53% (p = 0.04). Three patients died of their disease, and one died of intercurrent disease. Actuarial 5-year survival rates were 100% for patients with chondrosarcoma and 79% for patients with chordoma. Grade 3 and 4 late toxicities were observed in four patients (7%) and were symptomatic in three (5%). CONCLUSIONS High-dose proton RT offers excellent chances of lasting tumor control and survival, with acceptable risks. In this series all small- and medium-sized tumors with no demonstrable brainstem involvement have been controlled; all such patients are alive. Surgical debulking enhanced delivery of full tumoricidal doses, but even patients with large tumors and disease abutting crucial normal structures benefited.
Residential Inequality

A lot has changed since thomas Pettigrew (1979, 114) identified residential segregation (the “maldistribution of blacks and whites” in metropolitan areas) as the “structural linchpin” of race relations in America. the hispanic population has more than tripled since 1979, and hispanic Americans have now replaced African Americans as the largest minority group in the nation. the Asian American population has also grown rapidly, increasing from 1.5 percent of the u.S. population in 1980 to 4.8 percent of the population in 2010. Non-hispanic whites now constitute well less than two-thirds of the population, and their share continues to shrink. when Pettigrew and others wrote about “Race and Residence” in a volume of The ANNALS over three decades ago (Roof 1979), they of course had no way to know of the dramatic population shifts that were to follow. Nor could they have foreseen the election of an African American u.S. president 28 years later, or the financial crisis that led to unprecedented levels of housing foreclosures. And it is only in hindsight that we can see that they were writing about residential segregation and inequality at a point in time when income inequality was beginning to grow in the united States after many decades of stability or decline.
Travel burden associated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration in a Medicare aged population: a geospatial analysis

Abstract Objective: Prophylaxis with granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs) is recommended for patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy regimens with a high risk of febrile neutropenia (FN). G-CSFs should be administered starting the day after chemotherapy, necessitating return trips to the oncology clinic at the end of each cycle. We examined the travel burden related to prophylactic G-CSF injections after chemotherapy in the US. Methods: We used 2012–2014 Medicare claims data to identify a national cohort of beneficiaries age 65+ with non-myeloid cancers who received both chemotherapy and prophylactic G-CSFs. Patient travel origin was based on residence ZIP code. Oncologist practice locations and hospital addresses were obtained from the Medicare Physician Compare and Hospital Compare websites and geocoded using the Google Maps Application Programming Interface (API). Driving distance and time to the care site from each patient ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) were calculated using Open Street Maps road networks. Geographic and socio-economic characteristics of each ZCTA from the US Census Bureau’s American Community Survey were used to stratify and analyze travel estimates. Results: The mean one-way driving distance to the G-CSF provider was 23.8 (SD 30.1) miles and the mean one-way driving time was 33.3 (SD 37.8) minutes. When stratified by population density, the mean one-way travel time varied from 12.1 (SD 10.1) minutes in Very Dense Urban areas to 76.7 (SD 72.1) minutes in Super Rural areas. About 48% of patients had one-way travel times of <20 minutes, but 19% of patients traveled ≥50 minutes one way for G-CSF prophylaxis. Patients in areas with above average concentrations of aged, poor or disabled residents were more likely to experience longer travel. Conclusions: Administration of G-CSF therapy after chemotherapy can present a significant travel burden for cancer patients. Technological improvements in the form and methods of drug delivery for G-CSFs might significantly reduce this travel burden.