Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patients’ Online Access to Their Primary Care Electronic Health Records and Linked Online Services: Implications for Research and Practice

Online access to medical records and linked services, including requesting repeat prescriptions and booking appointments, enables patients to personalize their access to care. However, online access creates opportunities and challenges for both health professionals and their patients, in practices and in research. The challenges for practice are the impact of online services on workload and the quality and safety of health care. Health professionals are concerned about the impact on workload, especially from email or other online enquiry systems, as well as risks to privacy. Patients report how online access provides a convenient means through which to access their health provider and may offer greater satisfaction if they get a timely response from a clinician. Online access and services may also result in unforeseen consequences and may change the nature of the patient-clinician interaction. Research challenges include: (1) Ensuring privacy, including how to control inappropriate carer and guardian access to medical records; (2) Whether online access to records improves patient safety and health outcomes; (3) Whether record access increases disparities across social classes and between genders; and (4) Improving efficiency. The challenges for practice are: (1) How to incorporate online access into clinical workflow; (2) The need for a business model to fund the additional time taken. Creating a sustainable business model for a safe, private, informative, more equitable online service is needed if online access to records is to be provided outside of pay-for-service systems.
A Density-based Algorithm for Computing Community Structure in Directed Social Networks

Community detection plays a key role in such important fields as biology, sociology and computer science. For example, detecting the communities in proteinprotein interactions networks helps in understanding their functionalities. Most existing approaches were devoted to community mining in undirected social networks (either weighted or not). In fact, despite their ubiquity, few proposals were interested in community detection in oriented social networks. For example, in a friendship network, the influence between individuals could be asymmetric; in a networked environment, the flow of information could be unidirectional. In this paper, we propose an algorithm, called ACODIG, for community detection in oriented social networks. ACODIG uses an objective function based on measures of density and purity and incorporates the information about edge orientations in the social graph. ACODIG uses ant colony for its optimization. Simulation results on real-world as well as power law artificial benchmark networks reveal a good robustness of ACODIG and an efficiency in computing the real structure of the network.
Hormone-Induced Sexual Differentiation of Brain and Behavior in Zebra Finches

The male zebra finch sings, whereas the female does not. This behavioral dimorphism is correlated with the presence of morphological sex differences within the neural substrate that mediates this behavior, the song system. When a female chick is exposed to 17β-estradiol her song system is subsequently masculinized. Either testosterone or 5α-dihydrotestosterone may then induce such a female to sing when an adult.
Hybrid parallel approach for personalized literature recommendation system

Researchers regularly access and review large amounts of literatures. In the previous work, we presented a bookmarklet-triggered literature sharing system, which combines bibliography functionalities along with DOI content negotiation services. In this paper, we have made secondary development work to integrate literature recommendation functionalities into this system. We introduce a hybrid approach in parallel to recommend related articles to researchers. First, we collect a large amount of published and new articles using crawlers and RSS listeners to address cold start issue. Second, we adopt Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) as the topic model to category literatures. For one kind of literatures related to researchers' interest, we use collaborative filtering techniques to make further analysis based on implicit user feedbacks in this system. Finally, we take matrix factorization with Alternating Least Squares (ALS) in parallel to compute the top-N recommendations per user.
Parsing with CYK over Distributed Representations

Syntactic parsing is a key task in natural language processing. This task has been dominated by symbolic, grammar-based parsers. Neural networks, with their distributed representations, are challenging these methods. In this article we show that existing symbolic parsing algorithms can cross the border and be entirely formulated over distributed representations. To this end we introduce a version of the traditional Cocke-Younger-Kasami (CYK) algorithm, called D-CYK, which is entirely defined over distributed representations. Our D-CYK uses matrix multiplication on real number matrices of size independent of the length of the input string. These operations are compatible with traditional neural networks. Experiments show that our D-CYK approximates the original CYK algorithm. By showing that CYK can be entirely performed on distributed representations, we open the way to the definition of recurrent layers of CYK-informed neural networks.
Marine benthic invertebrates use multimodal cues for defense against reef fish

The use of bright coloration to warn predators of toxic prey, termed aposematism, is a defensive strategy well studied in terrestrial ecosystems. Some marine animals have contrasting color patterns and chemical defenses but few studies have tested the behavior of marine predators in response to aposematic coloration. In this study we tested fish feeding behavior in response to differ- ent types of cues including contrasting color patterns and sponge and nudibranch chemical extracts in the field at 2 reefs on Guam. Using agar-based food to keep food quality consistent, chemical extracts and 2 out of 5 contrasting color patterns reduced feeding by natural assemblages of reef fish at both reefs. Phyllidia varicosa (from Palau), P. elegans (Guam) and Phyllidiella pustulosa (Palau) crude extracts deterred feeding by fish, but P. pustulosa extracts from Guam did not. To determine if a chemical extract can act as an olfactory defense we videotaped fish behavior as they approached food containing nonpolar extracts of Acanthella cavernosa, the dietary sponge of Phyllidiella granu- latus. Fish approached and then tasted the food with the chemical extract significantly less often than the control and the crude extract of another sponge Stylissa massa. In feeding assays with a contrast- ing color pattern combined with the chemical extract at natural concentrations, fish were deterred by the extract regardless of the color pattern. At half natural concentration only the chemical extract and the contrasting color pattern together significantly decreased fish feeding. Reef fish can use multi- modal signals including visual, taste and olfactory cues to avoid marine benthic invertebrates.
Intercellular Bridges in Vertebrate Gastrulation

The developing zebrafish embryo has been the subject of many studies of regional patterning, stereotypical cell movements and changes in cell shape. To better study the morphological features of cells during gastrulation, we generated mosaic embryos expressing membrane attached Dendra2 to highlight cellular boundaries. We find that intercellular bridges join a significant fraction of epiblast cells in the zebrafish embryo, reaching several cell diameters in length and spanning across different regions of the developing embryos. These intercellular bridges are distinct from the cellular protrusions previously reported as extending from hypoblast cells (1–2 cellular diameters in length) or epiblast cells (which were shorter). Most of the intercellular bridges were formed at pre-gastrula stages by the daughters of a dividing cell maintaining a membrane tether as they move apart after mitosis. These intercellular bridges persist during gastrulation and can mediate the transfer of proteins between distant cells. These findings reveal a surprising feature of the cellular landscape in zebrafish embryos and open new possibilities for cell-cell communication during gastrulation, with implications for modeling, cellular mechanics, and morphogenetic signaling.
Energy- and time-efficient matrix multiplication on FPGAs

We develop new algorithms and architectures for matrix multiplication on configurable devices. These have reduced energy dissipation and latency compared with the state-of-the-art field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based designs. By profiling well-known designs, we identify "energy hot spots", which are responsible for most of the energy dissipation. Based on this, we develop algorithms and architectures that offer tradeoffs among the number of I/O ports, the number of registers, and the number of PEs. To avoid time-consuming low-level simulations for energy profiling and performance prediction of many alternate designs, we derive functions to represent the impact of algorithm design choices on the system-wide energy dissipation, area, and latency. These functions are used to either optimize the energy performance or provide tradeoffs for a family of candidate algorithms and architectures. For selected designs, we perform extensive low-level simulations using state-of-the-art tools and target FPGA devices. We show a design space for matrix multiplication on FPGAs that results in tradeoffs among energy, area, and latency. For example, our designs improve the energy performance of state-of-the-art FPGA-based designs by 29%-51% without any increase in the area-latency product. The latency of our designs is reduced one-third to one-fifteenth while area is increased 1.9-9.4 times. In terms of comprehensive metrics such as Energy-Area-Time, our designs exhibit superior performance compared with the state-of-the-art by 50%-79%.
Astrocytic Pathological Calcium Homeostasis and Impaired Vesicle Trafficking in Neurodegeneration

Although the central nervous system (CNS) consists of highly heterogeneous populations of neurones and glial cells, clustered into diverse anatomical regions with specific functions, there are some conditions, including alertness, awareness and attention that require simultaneous, coordinated and spatially homogeneous activity within a large area of the brain. During such events, the brain, representing only about two percent of body mass, but consuming one fifth of body glucose at rest, needs additional energy to be produced. How simultaneous energy procurement in a relatively extended area of the brain takes place is poorly understood. This mechanism is likely to be impaired in neurodegeneration, for example in Alzheimer’s disease, the hallmark of which is brain hypometabolism. Astrocytes, the main neural cell type producing and storing glycogen, a form of energy in the brain, also hold the key to metabolic and homeostatic support in the central nervous system and are impaired in neurodegeneration, contributing to the slow decline of excitation-energy coupling in the brain. Many mechanisms are affected, including cell-to-cell signalling. An important question is how changes in cellular signalling, a process taking place in a rather short time domain, contribute to the neurodegeneration that develops over decades. In this review we focus initially on the slow dynamics of Alzheimer’s disease, and on the activity of locus coeruleus, a brainstem nucleus involved in arousal. Subsequently, we overview much faster processes of vesicle traffic and cytosolic calcium dynamics, both of which shape the signalling landscape of astrocyte-neurone communication in health and neurodegeneration.
MRS: a simple cross-layer heuristic to improve throughput capacity in wireless mesh networks

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are an emerging architecture based on multi-hop transmission. ISPs considers WMNs as a potential future technology to offer broadband Internet access. Therefore, in WMNs, the throughput capacity of the wireless backbone becomes a key factor, limiting the scalability in terms of users able to effectively take advantage of the network. Increasing the effective throughput capacity will support WMNs become a very cost-effective solution for wireless ISPs.Based on the analysis of the theoretical capacity bound derived by Gupta et al., we propose MRS (Mesh Routing Strategy), a novel cross layer routing solution. MRS is specifically designed for Wireless Mesh Networks, where routing is challenging due to the unreliable wireless medium. Traditional routing paradigms are not able to overcome this issue, resulting in an average throughput experienced by the network far lower than the theoretical throughput capacity bound. This paper shows how a cross-layer approach will consistently improve the throughput experienced by large-scale multi-hop networks. We show through simulation that our proposal increases throughput while reducing the average transmitted power. Furthermore, MRS limits interference and gets closer to the theoretical throughput capacity bound.
Regulation of Terminal Schwann Cell Number at the Adult Neuromuscular Junction

Terminal Schwann cells (TSCs), neuroglia that cover motoneuron terminals, play a role in regulating the structure and function of the neuromuscular junction. In rats, the number of TSCs at each junction increases rapidly in early postnatal life and more slowly in young adults. It is possible that TSC number increases to match increasing endplate area. Alternatively, the increase in TSC number may reflect a developmental process independent of endplate size or terminal function. To experimentally test the relationship between endplate size and TSC number, we manipulated endplate area in an androgen-sensitive muscle of the rat, the levator ani (LA), by castration and by androgen replacement. We found that TSC number not only increased as endplates enlarged but also decreased when endplates shrank. Ninety days after castration, TSC number decreased by approximately 20% (one cell per junction) as endplate size decreased by 30%. These effects were reversed by testosterone. Testosterone levels did not affect TSC number in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle, where endplate area was unaffected by castration or testosterone treatment. TSC number was, however, significantly correlated with endplate area in both LA and EDL muscles. Furthermore, the relationship between endplate size and TSC number, as defined by the slope of the regression line, was the same in LA and EDL muscles, indicating that this relationship is not a unique feature of the LA muscle. These data suggest that TSC number is a dynamic property of the neuromuscular synapse that is actively regulated throughout life.
Sex differences in material-specific cognitive functions related to language dominance: an intracarotid amobarbital study in left temporal lobe epilepsy.

Population-based studies of material-specific cognitive functions yield evidence of sex differences: women are superior on verbal tasks whereas men are superior on figural and visuo-spatial tasks. Although there is still no direct evidence, these sex differences have been assumed to be related to a different cerebral organisation of language and nonlanguage functions, i.e. language in women is suggested to be more bilaterally organised than in men. We investigated this issue with respect to verbal/nonverbal memory functions in 42 men and 43 women with left temporal lobe epilepsies who all underwent intracarotid amobarbital testing for language dominance. The results indicate that atypical language dominance is not significantly more frequent in women than in men (44% vs 33%). Atypical dominance was related to an onset of epilepsy before puberty and appeared to be a consequence of the left hemisphere pathology rather than being naturally predisposed. Furthermore, women indeed showed the expected advantage with respect to verbal memory, and men showed an advantage in figural memory. With consideration of language dominance, however, the sex difference in verbal memory was observed particularly with atypical dominance, whereas the sex difference in figural memory was observed with left dominance.
Properties of auditory stream formation

A sequence of sounds may be heard as coming from a single source (called fusion or coherence) or from two or more sources (called fission or stream segregation). Each perceived source is called a ‘stream’. When the differences between successive sounds are very large, fission nearly always occurs, whereas when the differences are very small, fusion nearly always occurs. When the differences are intermediate in size, the percept often ‘flips’ between one stream and multiple streams, a property called ‘bistability’. The flips do not generally occur regularly in time. The tendency to hear two streams builds up over time, but can be partially or completely reset by a sudden change in the properties of the sequence or by switches in attention. Stream formation depends partly on the extent to which successive sounds excite different ‘channels’ in the peripheral auditory system. However, other factors can play a strong role; multiple streams may be heard when successive sounds are presented to the same ear and have essentially identical excitation patterns in the cochlea. Differences between successive sounds in temporal envelope, fundamental frequency, phase spectrum and lateralization can all induce a percept of multiple streams. Regularities in the temporal pattern of elements within a stream can help in stabilizing that stream.
Low cost test for catastrophic faults in CMOS operational transcondutor

In this paper, a test is developed for the Operational Transconductor (OTA). The technology used is the 90nm CMOS technology. The assumed fault model consists of six faults per transistor including the open-gate fault. It is proven that only two test values are enough to detect 34 of the possible 36 faults, i.e., a coverage of 94.4%. A Monte Carlo analysis is then performed to study the effect, on test coverage, of changing the value of the resistive short in the fault model. It is found that the same two test values still guarantee 94.4% coverage irrespective of the value of the short.
A user interface combining navigation aids

This paper describes how four independent navigational aids can be smoothly integrated in a unified graphical user interface. Our aim is to improve user performance in most web related tasks through integration of navigational aids. The navigational aids considered are (1) a short term history (the six last visited pages), (2) a personal “BestOf”, (the six most visited web pages), (3) an area of unclassified web pages stored to be read later and (4) an overview of an organized collection of bookmarks.
DURATION OF STATIC STRETCHING INFLUENCES MUSCLE FORCE PRODUCTION IN HAMSTRING MUSCLES

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether duration of static stretching could affect the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Volunteer male subjects (n = 10) underwent 2 different durations of static stretching of their hamstring muscles in the dominant leg: 30 and 60 seconds. No static stretching condition was used as a control condition. Before and after each stretching trial, hamstring flexibility was measured by a sit and reach test. MVC was then measured using the maximal effort of knee flexion. The hamstring flexibility was significantly increased by 30 and 60 seconds of static stretching (control: 0.5 ± 1.1 cm; 30 seconds: 2.1 ± 1.8 cm; 60 seconds: 3.0 ± 1.6 cm); however, there was no significant difference between 30 and 60 seconds of static stretching conditions. The MVC was significantly lowered with 60 seconds of static stretching compared to the control and 30 seconds of the stretching conditions (control: 287.6 ± 24.0 N; 30 seconds: 281.8 ± 24.2 N; 60 seconds: 262.4 ± 36.2 N). However, there was no significant difference between control and 30 seconds of static stretching conditions. Therefore, it was concluded that the short duration (30 seconds) of static stretching did not have a negative effect on the muscle force production.
Channel Estimation Algorithms in OFDM, A Review

Main objectives of this paper is to review the work already done related to channel estimation in OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) using QAM (Quadrature Amplitude multiplexing) & PSK (Phase Shift Keying) modulation techniques used in OFDM for wireless communications. To estimate the channels three algorithms are used i.e. LS, LMMSE & Modified MMSE. These three algorithms have basically played key role in channel estimation.
A Single Intraperitoneal Dose of Carbon Monoxide-Saturated Ringer's Lactate Solution Ameliorates Postoperative Ileus in Mice

Treatment with inhaled carbon monoxide (CO) has been shown to ameliorate bowel dysmotility caused by surgical manipulation of the gut in experimental animals. We hypothesized that administration of CO dissolved in lactated Ringer's solution (CO-LR) might provide similar protection to that observed with the inhaled gas while obviating some of its inherent problems. Postoperative gut dysmotility (ileus) was induced in mice by surgical manipulation of the small intestine. Some mice were treated with a single intraperitoneal dose of CO-LR immediately after the surgical procedure, whereas other mice received only the LR vehicle. Twenty-four hours later, intestinal transit of a nonabsorbable marker (70-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran) was delayed in mice subjected to intestinal manipulation but not the sham procedure. Gut manipulation also was associated with increased expression within the muscularis propria of transcripts for interleukin-1β, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric-oxide synthase, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, and Toll-like receptor-4, as well as infiltration of the muscularis propria with polymorphonuclear leukocytes and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB. All of these effects were attenuated by treatment with CO-LR. The salutary effect of CO-LR on gut motility, as well as many of the anti-inflammatory effects of CO-LR, was diminished by treatment with a soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor, suggesting that the effects of CO are mediated via activation of sGC. These data support the view that a single intraperitoneal dose of CO-LR ameliorates postoperative ileus in mice by inhibiting the inflammatory response in the gut wall induced by surgical manipulation, possibly in a sGC-dependent fashion.
Optimal Power Control Game Algorithm for Cognitive Radio Networks with Multiple Interference Temperature Limits

Based on interference temperature model, the problem of secondary spectrum sharing can be formulated as a power optimization problem at physical layer. In this paper, we consider decentralized cognitive radio networks, and we especially focus on the spectrum sharing scenario where multiple measurement points are located in the licensed system. Game theory is used to investigate the distributed power control for providing the maximum throughput in cognitive radio networks. There are two aspects that should be considered in the design of the payoff function for each player, one is counteracting negative externalities in cognitive radio networks, and the other is satisfying all the interference temperature limits from measurement points. A tax-based power control game algorithm is introduced to implement power allocation optimization in a distributed mode, and guarantees the convergence to globally optimal power allocations.