Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning Ensembles of Cutset Networks

Cutset networks — OR (decision) trees that have Bayesian networks whose treewidth is bounded by one at each leaf — are a new class of tractable probabilistic models that admit fast, polynomial-time inference and learning algorithms. This is unlike other state-of-the-art tractable models such as thin junction trees, arithmetic circuits and sum-product networks in which inference is fast and efficient but learning can be notoriously slow. In this paper, we take advantage of this unique property to develop fast algorithms for learning ensembles of cutset networks. Specifically, we consider generalized additive mixtures of cutset networks and develop sequential boosting-based and parallel bagging-based approaches for learning them from data. We demonstrate, via a thorough experimental evaluation, that our new algorithms are superior to competing approaches in terms of test-set log-likelihood score and learning time.
Flow cytometric analysis of inflammatory markers in KCS: 6-month treatment with topical cyclosporin A.

PURPOSE Immune-based inflammation has been observed as a common mechanism of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). In KCS-affected eyes, upregulated expression of HLA DR and various immune- or apoptosis-related markers by conjunctival epithelial cells has been demonstrated in an earlier study, by a technique of flow cytometry in impression cytology (IC) specimens. The purpose of this study was to monitor the effects of topical cyclosporin A on the expression of these markers throughout a 6-month period of treatment. METHODS Patients with moderate to severe KCS included in a large European multicenter clinical trial (Cyclosporin Dry Eye Study, Allergan, Irvine, CA) underwent collection of IC specimens at baseline, month 3, and month 6. For 6 months, they randomly received 0.05% or 0.1% cyclosporin A or vehicle. Specimens were processed and analyzed in a masked manner by flow cytometry, using monoclonal antibodies directed to HLA DR, CD40, CD40 ligand, Fas, and the apoptotic marker APO2.7. Percentages of positive cells were calculated and levels of expression quantified after conversion into standardized units of fluorescence. RESULTS One hundred fifty-eight patients had at least two IC specimens available for flow cytometry analysis. HLA DR expression, both in percentage of positive cells and level of expression, was highly significantly reduced after 0.05% and 0.1% cyclosporin A treatment at months 3 and 6 compared with baseline values, whereas vehicle did not induce any change in HLA DR expression over time. The 0.05% and 0.1% cyclosporin emulsions were significantly more effective than the vehicle in reducing HLA DR at months 3 and 6 (0.05%), and at month 6 (0.1%). CD40 expression was significantly reduced at month 3 and partially at month 6, compared with baseline, with no reduction in patients who received the vehicle. CD40 ligand expression also decreased at months 3 and 6 in patients taking both concentrations of cyclosporin A. APO2.7 expression was significantly increased in all three groups, whereas percentage of Fas-positive cells decreased only in patients treated with 0.05% cyclosporin A at months 3 and 6. CONCLUSIONS Flow cytometry provided an objective technique to monitor the effects of topical cyclosporin A on immune- and apoptosis-related markers in the conjunctival epithelium of patients with KCS enrolled in a large multicenter trial. Topical cyclosporin A strikingly reduced HLA DR and to a lesser extent, other inflammatory and apoptotic markers, whereas the vehicle, used as a control tear substitute, had almost no effect. This study confirms that cyclosporin A may be efficient in reducing conjunctival inflammation in moderate to severe KCS and is consistent with clinical results in this indication.
Hypothermia for neuroprotection after cardiac arrest: Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis

Objective:Only a few patients survive cardiac arrest with favorable neurologic recovery. Our objective was to assess whether induced hypothermia improves neurologic recovery in survivors of primary cardiac arrest. Data Source:Studies were identified by a computerized search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PASCAL, the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register, and BIOSIS. Study Selection:We included randomized and quasi-randomized, controlled trials of adults who were successfully resuscitated, where therapeutic hypothermia was applied within 6 hrs after arrival at the emergency department and where the neurologic outcome was compared. We excluded studies without a control group and studies with historical controls. Data Extraction:All authors of the identified trials supplied individual patient data with a predefined set of variables. Data Synthesis:We identified three randomized trials. The analyses were conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle. Summary odds ratios were calculated using a random effects model and translated into risk ratios. More patients in the hypothermia group were discharged with favorable neurologic recovery (risk ratio, 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.29–2.07). The 95% confidence interval of the number-needed-to-treat to allow one additional patient to leave the hospital with favorable neurologic recovery was 4–13. One study followed patients to 6 months or death. Being alive at 6 months with favorable functional neurologic recovery was more likely in the hypothermia group (risk ratio, 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.76). Conclusions:Mild therapeutic hypothermia improves short-term neurologic recovery and survival in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac origin. Its long-term effectiveness and feasibility at an organizational level need further research.
GSK-3 and Wnt Signaling in Neurogenesis and Bipolar Disorder

The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is critical for development of the mammalian central nervous system and regulates diverse processes throughout adulthood, including adult neurogenesis. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) antagonizes the canonical Wnt pathway and therefore also plays a central role in neural development and adult neurogenesis. Lithium, the first line of therapy for bipolar disorder, inhibits GSK-3, activates Wnt signaling and stimulates adult neurogenesis, which may be important for its therapeutic effects. GSK-3 also regulates other critical signaling pathways which may contribute to the therapeutic effects of lithium, including growth factor/neurotrophin signaling downstream of Akt. Here we will review the roles of GSK-3 in CNS development and adult neurogenesis, with a focus on the canonical Wnt pathway. We will also discuss the validation of GSK-3 as the relevant target of lithium and the mechanisms downstream of GSK-3 that influence mammalian behavior.
β2-Adrenergic Receptor-Dependent Attenuation of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction Prevents Progression of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Intermittent Hypoxic Rats

In sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), intermittent hypoxia (IH) induces repeated episodes of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) during sleep, which presumably contribute to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the prevalence of PAH was low and severity is mostly mild in SAS patients, and mild or no right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) was reported in IH-exposed animals. The question then arises as to why PAH is not a universal finding in SAS if repeated hypoxia of sufficient duration causes cycling HPV. In the present study, rats underwent IH at a rate of 3 min cycles of 4–21% O2 for 8 h/d for 6w. Assessment of diameter changes in small pulmonary arteries in response to acute hypoxia and drugs were performed using synchrotron radiation microangiography on anesthetized rats. In IH-rats, neither PAH nor RVH was observed and HPV was strongly reversed. Nadolol (a hydrophilic β1, 2-blocker) augmented the attenuated HPV to almost the same level as that in N-rats, but atenolol (a hydrophilic β1-blocker) had no effect on the HPV in IH. These β-blockers had almost no effect on the HPV in N-rats. Chronic administration of nadolol during 6 weeks of IH exposure induced PAH and RVH in IH-rats, but did not in N-rats. Meanwhile, atenolol had no effect on morphometric and hemodynamic changes in N and IH-rats. Protein expression of the β1-adrenergic receptor (AR) was down-regulated while that of β2AR was preserved in pulmonary arteries of IH-rats. Phosphorylation of p85 (chief component of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)), protein kinase B (Akt), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were abrogated by chronic administration of nadolol in the lung tissue of IH-rats. We conclude that IH-derived activation of β2AR in the pulmonary arteries attenuates the HPV, thereby preventing progression of IH-induced PAH. This protective effect may depend on the β2AR-Gi mediated PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway.
Uniform coverage structural inspection path–planning for micro aerial vehicles

This work proposes a new path-planning framework that provides uniform coverage of 3D structures by employing an iterative strategy to improve the inspection path that benefits from remeshing-techniques, while the first full solution is computed very fast. The resulting paths inspect each detail of the structure from a distance that directly depends to the local geometrical complexity of the structure and viewpoints are selected accordingly. For each admissible set of viewpoints, a Traveling Salesman Problem is solved and leads to the inspection route that the algorithm outputs at each iteration. The proposed path-planning algorithm is initially evaluated in extensive simulation studies. Finally, an experimental case study using a Micro Aerial Vehicle and a realistic mockup model of a power transformer is conducted, validating the advantages of the proposed scheme in conducting fine-quality inspection.
Algorithms for Molecular Biology

Background: The identification of chromosomal homologous segments (CHS) within and between genomes is essential for comparative genomics. Various processes including insertion/ deletion and inversion could cause the degeneration of CHSs. Results: Here we present a Java software CHSMiner that detects CHSs based on shared gene content alone. It implements fast greedy search algorithm and rigorous statistical validation, and its friendly graphical interface allows interactive visualization of the results. We tested the software on both simulated and biological realistic data and compared its performance with similar existing software and data source. Conclusion: CHSMiner is characterized by its integrated workflow, fast speed and convenient usage. It will be useful for both experimentalists and bioinformaticians interested in the structure and evolution of genomes.
Fragmentation problem and automated feature construction

Selective induction algorithms are efficient in learning target concepts but inherit a major limitation each time only one feature is used to partition the data until the data is divided into uniform segments. This limitation results in problems like replication, repetition, and fragmentation. Constructive induction has been an effective means to overcome some of the problems. The underlying idea is to construct compound features that increase the representation power so as to enhance the learning algorithm's capability in partitioning data. Unfortunately, many constructive operators are often manually designed and choosing which one to apply poses a serious problem itself. We propose an automatic way of constructing compound features. The method can be applied to both continuous and discrete data and thus all the three problems can be eliminated or alleviated. Our empirical results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Portrayals and perceptions of AI and why they matter

Drs Cave, Dihal, and Dillon are funded by a Leverhulme Trust Research Centre Grant awarded to the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence. Dr Singler was funded by a Templeton World Charitable Foundation grant during the course of the AI narratives project, awarded to the Faraday Institute for Science and Religion, St Edmund's College, Cambridge.
A ug 2 00 1 UOSTP-01105 hep-th / 0108207 Junctions of Supersymmetric Tubes

We begin by reviewing the noncommutative supersymmetric tubular configurations in the matrix theory. We identify the worldvolume gauge fields, the charges and the moment of R-R charges carried by the tube. We also study the fluctuations around many tubes and tube-D0 systems. Based on the supersymmetric tubes, we have constructed more general configurations that approach supersymmetric tubes asymptotically. These include a bend with angle and a junction that connects two tubes to one. The junction may be interpreted as a finite-energy domain wall that interpolates U(1) and U(2) worldvolume gauge theories. We also construct a tube along which the noncommutativ-ity scale changes. Relying upon these basic units of operations, one may build physical configurations corresponding to any shape of Riemann surfaces of arbitrary topology. Variations of the noncommutativity scale are allowed over the Riemann surfaces. Particularly simple such configurations are Y-shaped junctions.
Bifurcation-how to Verify and Improve the Effectiveness of Personalized Web-based Systems

The paper deals with a personalization system that utilizes descriptions of information characteristics to perform content based filtering in order to increase stated business objectives. The paper reports from testing of the personalization system in two commercial implementations, the website of Sweden’s third largest daily newspaper and the website of one of Sweden’s largest online recruitment services for the public sector. The results indicate that personalization has a positive influence on the stated business objective – traffic increase. Further, a personalization configuration that gives a high weight to the customer’s behavior in the ongoing session compared to the behavior in previous sessions was favorable to promote traffic increase.
Analyzing Malware by Abstracting the Frequent Itemsets in API Call Sequences

Analyzing the usage of Windows Application Program Interface (API) is a common way to understand behaviors of Malicious Software (malware) in either static analysis or dynamic analysis methods. In this work, we focus on the usage of frequent messages in API call sequences, and we hypothesize that frequent itemsets composed of API names and/or API arguments could be valuable in the identification of the behavior of malware. For verification, we introduced clustering processes of malware binaries based on their frequent itemsets of API call sequences, and we evaluated the performance of malware clustering. Specific implementation processes for malware clustering, including API calls abstraction, frequent itemsets mining and similarity calculation, are illustrated. The experiment upon a big malware dataset demonstrated that merely using the frequent messages of API call sequences can achieve a high precision for malware clustering while significantly reducing the computation time. This also proves the importance of frequent itemsets in API call sequences for identifying the behavior of malware.
Chemical modification of acrylamide gels: verification of the role of ionization in phase transitions

(A) membrane nbrane 5; (E) 125 pmol; for nder argon. reduction of 'membranes not detected rrent was ob-ta (line A). e, the rates (lines C and .o observed ;rout leakage rlogen on its ine D). The 2, and 5 are ntaining the-bipyridyl as cgen concen- ;-linking. [n ress the ratcs i may be due :ane and tbe-linking. In ,ort was also is that were ne inhibited rnd the large r membrane c (cation) to neutral structure (radical) with the reduction of viologen units, and thereby the coulombic repulsion in the membrane would decrease. As ehown in Table II, when the viologen content of membrane 3 with conetant degree of 66s-linking increased, a rate enhancement was observed. flowever, when the degree of cross-linking in memrane 3 with constant viologen concentration increased, the rates dropped dramatically, as indicated in Table III. This is eresumably due to the decreas€ of mobility of the polyner itt"in with increasing degree of cross'linking, which in-tBrferes with access between V+' and Fe3+. The rate of electron transport through membrane la was obeerved to b€ markedly faster when the concentration of Na2S2O. as reducing agent was incresd, as shown in fable IV. ln conclusion, we have succeeded in showing that elec-Eon transport through polymeric membranes containing viologen moieties occurs. As described above, the rates of electron transport depend on the thickness, the degree of cross-linking of the membranes, the concentration of viologen units, and the location of electron carriens. These oxidation-reduction systems mediated by polymeric membrane provide a new charge separation model, and their application to the decomposition of water in photo irradiation systems can be erpected.
Envy-Free Division of Sellable Goods

We study the envy-free allocation of indivisible goods between two players. Our novel setting includes an option to sell each good for a fraction of the minimum value any player has for the good. To rigorously quantify the efficiency gain from selling, we reason about the price of envy-freeness of allocations of sellable goods — the ratio between the maximum social welfare and the social welfare of the best envy-free allocation. We show that envy-free allocations of sellable goods are significantly more efficient than their unsellable counterparts.
Choice at the end of compulsory schooling: a research review

This report reviews the recent UK literature on when, how and why young people make their choices about post-16 pathways and is restricted to the UK, with the focus mainly on England. It begins by pointing out the relative scarcity of longitudinal studies. The review is guided by general assumptions about the nature of choices at age 16. The first of these is that choices at age 16 are the outcome of many factors: individual abilities and preferences, school experiences, the influence of parents and friends, the family economic circumstances, the information, guidance, curriculum and learning environment provided by schools, teachers and career advisors, and the opportunities for work or work-based training available. The second point is that the concept of a decision or choice may sometimes be inappropriate in this context, with some young people acting on the basis of long-standing assumptions of what they will do, without properly considering alternatives. Thirdly, although it is an assumption that all young people are free to consider the full range of options that can be taken up post-16, in practice, meaningful choices may be restricted for many young people to particular arenas.
The C. elegans DSB-2 Protein Reveals a Regulatory Network that Controls Competence for Meiotic DSB Formation and Promotes Crossover Assurance

For most organisms, chromosome segregation during meiosis relies on deliberate induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and repair of a subset of these DSBs as inter-homolog crossovers (COs). However, timing and levels of DSB formation must be tightly controlled to avoid jeopardizing genome integrity. Here we identify the DSB-2 protein, which is required for efficient DSB formation during C. elegans meiosis but is dispensable for later steps of meiotic recombination. DSB-2 localizes to chromatin during the time of DSB formation, and its disappearance coincides with a decline in RAD-51 foci marking early recombination intermediates and precedes appearance of COSA-1 foci marking CO-designated sites. These and other data suggest that DSB-2 and its paralog DSB-1 promote competence for DSB formation. Further, immunofluorescence analyses of wild-type gonads and various meiotic mutants reveal that association of DSB-2 with chromatin is coordinated with multiple distinct aspects of the meiotic program, including the phosphorylation state of nuclear envelope protein SUN-1 and dependence on RAD-50 to load the RAD-51 recombinase at DSB sites. Moreover, association of DSB-2 with chromatin is prolonged in mutants impaired for either DSB formation or formation of downstream CO intermediates. These and other data suggest that association of DSB-2 with chromatin is an indicator of competence for DSB formation, and that cells respond to a deficit of CO-competent recombination intermediates by prolonging the DSB-competent state. In the context of this model, we propose that formation of sufficient CO-competent intermediates engages a negative feedback response that leads to cessation of DSB formation as part of a major coordinated transition in meiotic prophase progression. The proposed negative feedback regulation of DSB formation simultaneously (1) ensures that sufficient DSBs are made to guarantee CO formation and (2) prevents excessive DSB levels that could have deleterious effects.
Two fast architectures for the direct 2-D discrete wavelet transform

We propose two architectures for the direct two-dimensional (2-D) discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The first one is based on a modified recursive pyramid algorithm (MRPA) and performs a ""nonstandard" decomposition (i.e., Mallat's (1989) tree) of an N/spl times/N image in approximately 2N/sup 2//3 clock cycles (ccs). This result consistently speeds up other known architectures that commonly need approximately N/sup 2/ ccs. Furthermore, the proposed architecture is simpler than others in terms of hardware complexity. Subsequently, we show how "symmetric"/"anti-symmetric" properties of linear-phase wavelet filter bases can be exploited in order to further reduce the VLSI area. This is used to design a second architecture that provides one processing unit for each level of decomposition (pipelined approach) and performs a decomposition in approximately N/sup 2//2 ccs. In many practical cases, even this architecture is simpler than general MRPA-based devices (having only one processing unit).
A study of welding robot path planning application based on Genetic Ant Colony Hybrid Algorithm

In this paper, the genetic algorithm is added to each iteration of the ant colony system, taking the and advantage of fast convergence of the genetic algorithm to speed up the convergence rate of the ant colony system. While the mutation mechanism of genetic algorithm helps ant colony system improve its ability to jump out of the local optimization. Thus, a hybrid algorithm with the advantages of genetic algorithm and ant colony algorithm is formed. The application of this method in welding robot path planning is realized by modeling, we compare the optimal solution and convergence speed of genetic ant colony hybrid algorithm with genetic algorithm in path planning, and the comparison results show that the hybrid algorithm is superior to genetic algorithm. Simulation results show that this hybrid algorithm solves the contradiction between the convergence speed and the optimization degree of welding robot path planning, and has good application in the welding robot path planning.