Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of incidental detail as composable components in a functional language

Imaginary objects in games and movies must include small-scale details in order to appear plausible. Often the overall character of this `incidental' detail matters, but the exact shape and placement of each feature is unimportant. The creation of these details often consumes artist time when pattern generation techniques could automate the process instead, but many current pattern generation processes just shift the effort from manual modeling to custom per-object programming. Machine learning approaches to pattern synthesis are promising, but successful efforts have been mainly restricted to stochastic patterns. In this paper we show how detail patterns may be generated using techniques from functional programming, and contribute a domain-specific language (DSL) for describing and composing these details. By allowing patterns to be fluidly composed to create larger ones, we produce a high-level process for inventing structured detail.
Tiling the view update problem

The paper describes a novel algebraic framework for specifying backward translations of view updates. It is based on diagram operations and can be considered an essential generalization of dynamic views (known in the literature since the eighties). A distinctive feature of the framework is that both view and update mappings are first class citizens and explicitly occur in the arity shape of the translation operation. We show that dynamic views augmented with mappings give rise to double categories, and discuss the benefits of this formalism.
Recognition of objects in various situations from two dimensional images

Generally, computers can successfully achieve object recognition by relying on sufficient information of observed objects. However, in real world, many objects own diverse configurations or objects are observed at various angles and positions, which make it difficult to match the observed objects with data models in a limited database. In this paper, to resolve the above problem, we propose an algorithm to achieve this kind of object recognition in shape space. Firstly, we describe the algorithm of extracting landmarks from outer contour of a shape by using recursive landmarks determination, in which the number of the landmarks can be appointed. Then, for the objects with many configurations, a series of new data are generated from one or two data models in pre-shape space. Finally, we achieve object recognition with shape space theory. The proposed method is efficient not only for the objects with noises, but also for the ones with various situations.
A path loss exponent based localization algorithm in cognitive radio networks

In cognitive radio networks, acquirement of the position information of primary user (PU) is of vital of importance to the communication of the secondary users(SU), as it can be used to avoid harmful interference to the network while simultaneity be exploited to improve the spectrum utilization. In this paper, a localization algorithm based on RSS (Received Signal Strength) is proposed to solve the secondary users' problem of locating the primary users in CRN (Cognitive Radio Network). To improve the precision, a method to estimate the path loss exponent in the primary users' region using the secondary users' information nearby is proposed. The path loss exponent is determined by the secondary users' communication. Simulation shows that the exact measurement for the path loss exponent can promote the localization precision obviously.
A Memetic Algorithm for the Maintenance Scheduling Problem

The maintenance scheduling problem has been previously tackled by various traditional optimisation techniques. While these methods can give an optimal solution to small scale problems, they are often inefficient when applied to larger scale problems. The memetic algorithm presented here is essentially a genetic algorithm with an element of local search. The effectiveness of the method is tested through its application to real scale problems.
Reachability Verification of Rhapsody Statecharts

We present the first fully automated approach for the verification of Rhapsody statecharts. IBM's Rhapsody framework is widely used in the automotive industry to model embedded reactive systems. The reactive behavior is specified using Rhapsody's statechart formalism and controls the entire system. Hence, it is crucial to ensure the safety properties of statecharts. Therefore, we constructed a model-checking based approach to verify state reachability, a fundamental safety property, of Rhapsody statecharts. We implemented it in a prototype tool using the model checkers CBMC and SPIN. This tool successfully verified simple models, but failed to scale to industry models due to the sheer complexity of the models. We then designed and implemented a simulation based approach. This successfully verified the simple models and the industry models, and found a crucial bug in one of the industry models. In this paper, we share both our model-checking and simulation approaches, their implementation details and the experimental results.
AMP‐activated protein kinase: a cellular energy sensor that comes in 12 flavours

The AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy status that is expressed in essentially all eukaryotic cells, suggesting that it arose during early eukaryotic evolution. It occurs universally as heterotrimeric complexes containing catalytic α subunits and regulatory β and γ subunits. Although Drosophila melanogaster contains single genes encoding each subunit, in mammals, each subunit exists as multiple isoforms encoded by distinct genes, giving rise to up to 12 heterotrimeric combinations. The multiple isoforms of each subunit are 2R‐ohnologues generated by the two rounds of whole genome duplication that occurred at the evolutionary origin of the vertebrates. Although the differential roles of these isoform combinations remain only partly understood, there are indications that they may have different subcellular locations, different inputs and outputs, and different functions. The multiple isoforms are of particular interest with respect to the roles of AMPK in cancer because the genes encoding some isoforms, such as PRKAA1 and PRKAB2 (encoding α1 and β2), are quite frequently amplified in tumour cells, whereas the genes encoding others, such as PRKAA2 (encoding α2), tend to be mutated, which, in some but not all cases, may result in a loss of function. Thus, although AMPK acts downstream of the tumour suppressor liver kinase B1, and some of its isoform combinations may act as tumour suppressors that restrain the growth and proliferation of tumour cells, other isoform combinations may paradoxically act as oncogenes, perhaps by aiding the survival of tumour cells undergoing environmental stresses such as hypoxia or nutrient deprivation.
Path Setup for Hybrid NoC Architectures Exploiting Flooding and Standby

Future many-core systems will require energy-efficient, high-throughput and low-latency communication architectures. Silicon Photonics appears today a promising solution towards these goals. The inability of photonics networks to perform inflight buffering and logic computation suggests the use of hybrid photonic-electronic architectures. In order to exploit the full potential of photonics, it is essential to carefully design the path-setup architecture, which is a primary source of performance degradation and power consumption. In this paper, we propose a new path-setup approach which can put allocated circuits in a stand-by state, rapidly restoring them when needed. Path-setup messages are sent using a flooding routing strategy to enhance the possibility of finding free optical paths. We compare the proposed approach with a commonly used path-setup strategy as well as some other alternatives available. The results exhibit encouraging improvements in terms of both performance and energy consumption.
Utilizing SSD to Alleviate Chunk Fragmentation in De-Duplicated Backup Systems

Data deduplication, which removes redundant data so that only one copy of duplicate blocks needs to be actually stored, has been implemented in almost all storage appliances, including archival and back-up systems, primary data storage, and SSD devices, to save storage space. However, as time goes and more duplicate blocks have been ingested into the system, the fragmentation problem emerges, that is, logically continuous data blocks of later stored datasets are dispersed in a large storage space and as a result restoring them requires a lot of extra disk accesses, significantly degrading restore performance and garbage collection efficiency. Existing approaches toward the fragmentation problem choose to sacrifice space savings for performance by selectively rewriting trouble-causing duplicate blocks when performing deduplication, even though they have already been stored elsewhere previously. However, rewriting chunks into the system impacts the backup process and reduces deduplication efficiency as many duplicate chunks are allowed in the system. In this work, we propose to deploy flash-based SSDs in the system to overcome the limitations of rewriting algorithms by taking advantage of the high performance provided by SSDs. Specifically, instead of rewriting, we migrate the trouble-causing blocks into an SSD storage in the background when encountering duplicate blocks. The idea is mainly motivated by the following two reasons. First, using a separate migrating process leverages the computing power provided by modern multi-core architecture. Second, typically restores are not performed immediately after backups. Therefore, there is no need to rewrite blocks on the critical path, which affects performance. We augment our proposal to two rewriting schemes and conduct comprehensive evaluations to evaluate its efficacy. Our results show that by provisioning a reasonable amount of SSD, the backup performance and deduplication efficiency can be significantly improved, while slightly increasing the amount of container reads associated with restore operations.
SU‐FF‐I‐58: A Software Toolkit for Multi‐Image Registration and Segmentation in IGRT and ART

Purpose: Extracting information from images for image‐guided and adaptive radiation therapy usually involves segmentation and/or registration with a reference image. The purpose of this research was to develop and make freely available a software toolkit for research use that combines several registration and segmentation methods and is applicable to problems involving multiple sequential images.Method and Materials: Two automatic approaches have been integrated with standard interactive methods. One automatic approach solves PDEs describing visco‐elastic flow to register a set of target images with a reference image. Segmentations can then be transferred from the reference image to target images via corresponding deformation fields. The second method segments images via Bayesian posterior optimization of a 3D deformable shape model called an m‐rep. User efficiency has been improved by the ability to queue, view, work with, and compare multiple images and segmentations during a single session. The software was developed in C++ and runs on Windows and Linux. Results: The GUI, including a window with panes for standard orthogonal 2D views linked to a second 3D window, preserves a common look and feel for all three approaches. A set of treatment images of the same patient initially are rigidly registered to a reference image. The images are then segmented by the methods of choice. Unsatisfactory automatic results are edited with conventional methods. Registered images and segmentations are output in DICOM RT format. Conclusion: The toolkit combines multiple approaches for image registration and segmentation in a system specifically designed to support research on IGRT and ART. A cost‐free license to download and use the software is available at http://planunc.radonc. unc.edu. Research supported by NCI/NCRR R01 RR 01861501.
A High-Dimensional Subband Speech Representation and SVM Framework for Robust Speech Recognition

This work proposes a novel support vector machine (SVM) based robust automatic speech recognition (ASR) frontend that operates on an ensemble of the subband components of high-dimensional acoustic waveforms. The key issues of selecting the appropriate SVM kernels for classification in frequency subbands and the combination of individual subband classifiers using ensemble methods are addressed. The proposed front-end is compared with state-of-the-art ASR front-ends in terms of robustness to additive noise and linear filtering. Experiments performed on the TIMIT phoneme classification task demonstrate the benefits of the proposed subband based SVM representation: it outperforms the standard cepstral front-end in the presence of noise and linear filtering for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) below 12dB. A combination of the proposed front-end with a conventional representation such as MFCC yields further improvements over the individual front-ends across the full range of noise levels.
P. falciparum and P. vivax Epitope-Focused VLPs Elicit Sterile Immunity to Blood Stage Infections

In order to design P. falciparum preerythrocytic vaccine candidates, a library of circumsporozoite (CS) T and B cell epitopes displayed on the woodchuck hepatitis virus core antigen (WHcAg) VLP platform was produced. To test the protective efficacy of the WHcAg-CS VLPs, hybrid CS P. berghei/P. falciparum (Pb/Pf) sporozoites were used to challenge immunized mice. VLPs carrying 1 or 2 different CS repeat B cell epitopes and 3 VLPs carrying different CS non-repeat B cell epitopes elicited high levels of anti-insert antibodies (Abs). Whereas, VLPs carrying CS repeat B cell epitopes conferred 98% protection of the liver against a 10,000 Pb/Pf sporozoite challenge, VLPs carrying the CS non-repeat B cell eptiopes were minimally-to-non-protective. One-to-three CS-specific CD4/CD8 T cell sites were also fused to VLPs, which primed CS-specific as well as WHcAg-specific T cells. However, a VLP carrying only the 3 T cell domains failed to protect against a sporozoite challenge, indicating a requirement for anti-CS repeat Abs. A VLP carrying 2 CS repeat B cell epitopes and 3 CS T cell sites in alum adjuvant elicited high titer anti-CS Abs (endpoint dilution titer >1x106) and provided 80–100% protection against blood stage malaria. Using a similar strategy, VLPs were constructed carrying P. vivax CS repeat B cell epitopes (WHc-Pv-78), which elicited high levels of anti-CS Abs and conferred 99% protection of the liver against a 10,000 Pb/Pv sporozoite challenge and elicited sterile immunity to blood stage infection. These results indicate that immunization with epitope-focused VLPs carrying selected B and T cell epitopes from the P. falciparum and P. vivax CS proteins can elicit sterile immunity against blood stage malaria. Hybrid WHcAg-CS VLPs could provide the basis for a bivalent P. falciparum/P. vivax malaria vaccine.
Involvement of Intracellular and Mitochondrial Aβ in the Ameliorative Effects of Huperzine A against Oligomeric Aβ42-Induced Injury in Primary Rat Neurons

Considerable studies indicate huperzine A is a promising natural product to suppress neuronal damages induced by β-amyloid (Aβ), a key pathogenic event in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As an extension, the present study for the first time explored whether the beneficial profiles of huperzine A against oligomeric Aβ42 induced neurotoxicity are associated with the accumulation and detrimental function of intraneuronal/mitochondrial Aβ, on the basis of the emerging evidence that intracellular Aβ is more relevant to AD progression as compared with extracellular Aβ. Huperzine A treatment was shown to significantly attenuate the neurotoxicity of oligomeric Aβ42, as demonstrated by increased neuronal viability. Interestingly, our results proved that exogenous Aβ42 could accumulate intraneuronally in a dose- and time-dependent manner, while huperzine A treatment markedly reduced the level of intracellular Aβ42. Moreover, huperzine A treatment rescued mitochondrial dysfunction induced by oligomeric Aβ42, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) reduction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and membrane potential depolarization. Further study demonstrated that huperzine A also significantly reduced the level of Aβ42 in the mitochondria-enriched subcellular fractions, as well as the Aβ42 fluorescent signals colocalized with mitochondrial marker. This study indicates that interfering intracellular Aβ especially mitochondrial Aβ accumulation, together with ameliorating Aβ-associated mitochondrial dysfunction, may contribute to the protective effects of huperzine A against Aβ neurotoxicity. Above results may shed more light on the pharmacological mechanisms of huperzine A and provide important clues for discovering novel therapeutic strategies for AD.
Robust PID controller design for nonlinear systems

Abstract In this paper the new approach to the design of robust PID controller for the case of nonlinear Lipschitz systems is proposed. The proposed method is based on the uncertain gain scheduling plant model and Bellman Lyapunov equation. The designed robust controller ensures parameter dependent quadratic stability and in the frame of H2 performance guaranteed cost. Examples show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
METHODS OF MONITORING THE ROAD SURFACE FREEZING SECTIONS FOR PREVENTION OF ICY WINTER ROAD DISASTERS ON THE HIGHWAYS

In most developed countries more people are killed in winter road crashes than any other weather related disaster. Monitoring the current surface conditions on roadways is critical to reducing winter traffic accidents. During thirty or forty years, to identify the current surface condition on roadways, some technologies have been applied. But these technologies are currently introduced with high cost and performed within the limited scope. In South Korea, with the winning of the 2018 Winter Olympics bid, Korean government is now faced with this technology development needs because winter road management is the successive main factor of Winter Olympics. Meanwhile, the winter traffic accident fatality in Korea is very high, and it is required to provide accurate information about road surface condition with low-cost. In this regard, this study is aiming at devising a road surface condition detection system with low cost and appropriate accuracy. This is what we have firmly decided using the video image processing(VIP) technology because of low-cost and fast installation. VIP is expected to help implement the low-cost and high-efficiency detection system. VIP is based on the classification algorithm which discriminates the polarization images clusters by utilizing stereo cameras.
High performance computational tools for Motif discovery

Summary form only given. We highlight a fruitful interplay between biology and computation. The sequencing of complete genomes from multiple organisms has revealed that most differences in organism complexity are due to elements of gene regulation that reside in the non protein coding portions of genes. Both within and between species, transcription factor binding sites and the proteins that recognize them govern the activity of cellular pathways that mediate adaptive responses and survival. Experimental identification of these regulatory elements is by nature a slow process. The availability of complete genomic sequences, however, opens the door for computational methods to predict binding sites and expedite our understanding of gene regulation at a genomic level. Just as with traditional experimental approaches, the computational identification of the molecular factors that control a gene's expression level has been problematic. As a case in point, the identification of putative motifs is a challenging combinatorial task. For it, powerful new motif finding algorithms and high performance implementations are described. Heavy use is made of graph algorithms, some of which are exceedingly computationally intensive and involve the use of emergent mathematical methods. An approach to fully dynamic load balancing is developed in order to make effective use of highly parallel platforms.
Effects of age and gender on left atrial ejection force and volume from real-time three-dimensional echocardiography.

INTRODUCTION This study was carried out to (i) provide the methodology for determining left atrial (LA) volume, emptying fraction and ejection force (LAEF), from real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE), and (ii) evaluate the effects of age and gender on LA volume and LAEF in a wide age range of healthy participants. MATERIALS AND METHODS RT3DE was performed in 102 healthy participants (age range, 20 to 80 years). From full-volume data sets, LA endocardial borders were automatically traced and LA volumes were determined. LAEF was calculated as 1/3×mitral annular area × (blood density) × (peak velocity of A wave)(2) according to Newton's law of motion and hydrodynamics; wherein the mitral annular area (MVA) is traced using RT3DE and A is the peak Doppler-derived blood velocity at atrial systole with the sample volume placed at the mitral annulus level. RESULTS ANOVA analysis revealed that LA volume indices were significantly correlated with age (r = 0.366, P <0.0001 for maximal volume index and r = 0.288, P <0.005 for minimal volume index). LAEF was also significantly positively correlated with age (r = 0.49, P <0.0001). The LA emptying fraction was maintained across ages. LA volume indices and LAEF did not differ significantly with gender. CONCLUSION Our data can be used as normal reference values for LA volumes and LAEF. We have demonstrated that age is positively related to LA volume indices and LAEF, which suggests that age-dependent cut-off values should be considered in those with heart disease.
'Visual-fidelity' dataglove calibration

This paper presents a novel calibration method for data-gloves with many degrees of freedom. The goal of our method is to establish a mapping from the sensor values of the glove to the joint angles of an articulated hand that is of 'high visual' fidelity. This is in contrast to previous methods that aim at determining the absolute values of the real joint angles with high accuracy. The advantage of our method is that it can be simply carried through without the need for auxiliary calibration hardware (such as cameras), while still producing visually correct mappings. To achieve this, we developed a method that explicitly models the cross-couplings of the abduction sensors with the neighboring flex sensors. The results show that our method performs superior to linear calibration in most cases
Evaluation and Analysis of GreenHDFS: A Self-Adaptive, Energy-Conserving Variant of the Hadoop Distributed File System

We present a detailed evaluation and sensitivity analysis of an energy-conserving, highly scalable variant of the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) called Green-HDFS. Green HDFS logically divides the servers in a Hadoop cluster into Hot and Cold Zones and relies on insightful data-classification driven energy-conserving data placement to realize guaranteed, substantially long periods(several days) of idleness in a significant subset of servers in the Cold Zone. Detailed lifespan analysis of the files in a large-scale production Hadoop cluster at Yahoo! points at the viability of Green HDFS. Simulation results with real-worldYahoo! HDFS traces show that Green HDFS can achieve 24% energy cost reduction by doing power management in only one top-level tenant directory in the cluster and meets all the scale-down mandates in spite of the unique scale-down challenges present in a Hadoop cluster. If Green HDFS technique is applied to all the Hadoop clusters at Yahoo! (amounting to 38000 servers), $2.1millioncan be saved in energy costs per annum. Sensitivity analysis shows that energy-conservation is minimally sensitive to the thresholds in Green HDFS. Lifespan analysis points out that one-size-fits-all energy-management policies won’tsuffice in a multi-tenant Hadoop Cluster.