Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reversal time of jump-noise magnetization dynamics in nanomagnets via Monte Carlo simulations

The jump-noise is a nonhomogeneous Poisson process which models thermal effects in magnetization dynamics, with special applications in low temperature escape rate phenomena. In this work, we develop improved numerical methods for Monte Carlo simulation of the jump-noise dynamics and validate the method by comparing the stationary distribution obtained empirically against the Boltzmann distribution. In accordance with the Neel-Brown theory, the jump-noise dynamics display an exponential relaxation toward equilibrium with a characteristic reversal time, which we extract for nanomagnets with uniaxial and cubic anisotropy. We relate the jump-noise dynamics to the equivalent Landau-Lifshitz dynamics up to second order correction for a general energy landscape and obtain the analogous Neel-Brown theory's solution of the reversal time. We find that the reversal time of jump-noise dynamics is characterized by Neel-Brown theory's solution at the energy saddle point for small noise. For large noise, the magnetization reversal due to jump-noise dynamics phenomenologically represents macroscopic tunneling of magnetization.The jump-noise is a nonhomogeneous Poisson process which models thermal effects in magnetization dynamics, with special applications in low temperature escape rate phenomena. In this work, we develop improved numerical methods for Monte Carlo simulation of the jump-noise dynamics and validate the method by comparing the stationary distribution obtained empirically against the Boltzmann distribution. In accordance with the Neel-Brown theory, the jump-noise dynamics display an exponential relaxation toward equilibrium with a characteristic reversal time, which we extract for nanomagnets with uniaxial and cubic anisotropy. We relate the jump-noise dynamics to the equivalent Landau-Lifshitz dynamics up to second order correction for a general energy landscape and obtain the analogous Neel-Brown theory's solution of the reversal time. We find that the reversal time of jump-noise dynamics is characterized by Neel.
Mechanical Properties of 3D Isotropic Anti‐Tetrachiral Metastructure

Chiral metastructures consisting of ring (polygonal or cubic) nodes and elastic bending ligaments exhibit excellent design flexibility for compliant structures. In this paper, based on rigid cubic node rotation and the kinematic geometrical relations of a three‐dimensional (3D) isotropic anti‐tetrachiral structure, an analytical expression for the modulus of the 3D isotropic anti‐tetrachiral structure is derived from strain energy analysis. The nylon powder Selected Laser Sintering (SLS) additive manufacturing technique is employed for fabricating two types of 3D isotropic anti‐tetrachiral specimens with different geometrical parameters; then comparison between experiments, finite element analysis (FEA), and theoretical studies is performed for verifying the analytical formula. The mechanical properties of 3D isotropic anti‐tetrachiral structures can be tuned with two independent dimensionless geometrical parameters. The proposed 3D anti‐tetrachiral structures can be employed for designing advanced structures against impact damages, realizing flexibility of industrial components, and optimizing the vibration attenuation abilities of engineering structures.
Time Perception Research in Virtual Reality: Lessons Learned

In this article, we present a selection of recent studies from our research group that investigated the relationship between time perception and virtual reality (VR). We focus on the influence of avatar embodiment, visual fidelity, motion perception, and body representation. We summarize findings on the impact of these factors on time perception, discuss lessons learned, and implications for future applications. In a waiting room experiment, the passage of time in VR with an avatar was perceived significantly faster than without an avatar. The passage of time in the real waiting room was not perceived as significantly different from the waiting room in VR with or without an avatar. In an interactive scenario, the absence of a virtual avatar resulted in a significantly slower perceived passage of time compared to the partial and full-body avatar conditions. High and medium embodiment conditions are assumed to be more plausible and to less different from a real experience. A virtual tunnel that induced the illusion of self-motion (vection) appeared to contribute to the perceived passage of time and experience of time. This effect was shown to increase with tunnel speed and the number of tunnel segments. A framework was proposed for the use of virtual zeitgebers along three dimensions (speed, density, synchronicity) to systematically control the experience of time. The body itself, as well as external objects, seem to be addressed by this theory of virtual zeitgebers. Finally, the standardization of the methodology and future research considerations are discussed.
Analysing sport data with clusters of opposite preferences

In the analysis of questionnaire-based evaluation of sport preferences, measurements of sport participation, opinions on social implications such as resurgence of racism, violence in stadiums and doping, the need arises to establish connections among motivations, subjects’ characteristics and responses. In this setting, the article deals with a selection of statistical models suitable to analyse sport rating data in which clusters of opposite responses are observed. Specifically, a two-component mixture of inverse hypergeometric (MIHG) distributions will be introduced and tested against competing models in order to yield a multifold interpretation of results. The ultimate comparative analysis will consider discrete models with a specific focus on those accounting for both uncertainty and feeling of self-evaluation in presence of inflation at the extreme categories. After a brief review of the methods, the proposal will be discussed both on ranking and rating data on the basis of two surveys on sport preferences and on measurements of sport activity: the identification of clusters of respondents with opposite choices will be investigated also in terms of covariates by comparing fitting performances of the selected models. The conclusions and insights offered by the study can be exploited to design plans of action for some specific policy or marketing strategy.
A Characteristic Function Based Contrast Function for Blind Extraction of Statistically Independent Signals with Symmetric Probability Distributions

Extraction of Statistically Independent Signals with Symmetric Probability Distributions Muhammad Tufail, Masahide Abe, and Masayuki Kawamata Department of Electronic Engineering, Tohoku University 6-6-05, Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan. Phone: +81-22-795-7095, Fax: +81-22-263-9169 Email:tufail@mk.ecei. tohoku.ac. jp Abstract In this paper we propose to employ a characteristic function based non-Gaussianity measure as a one unit contrast function in order to extract statistically independent signals from their linear mixtures. This contrast function is a weighted distance between the characteristic function of a random variable and a Gaussian characteristic function at a finite number of sample points. In case of only one sample point an optimization of such objective function by FastICA algorithm results in a very simple learning rule for the de-mixing matrix. By appropriately choosing the sample point an improved separation performance, especially in a noisy environment, can be achieved.
Trailing-edge flow and noise control using porous treatments

This paper is concerned with the application of porous treatments as a means of flow and aerodynamic noise reduction. An extensive experimental investigation is undertaken to study the effects of flow interaction with porous media, in particular in the context of the manipulation of flow over blunt trailing edges and attenuation of vortex shedding. Comprehensive boundary layer and wake measurements have been carried out for a long flat plate with solid and porous blunt trailing edges. Unsteady velocity and surface pressure measurements have also been performed to gain an in-depth understanding of the changes to the energy–frequency content and coherence of the boundary layer and wake structures as a result of the flow interaction with a porous treatment. Results have shown that permeable treatments can effectively delay the vortex shedding and stabilize the flow over the blunt edge via mechanisms involving flow penetration into the porous medium and discharge into the near-wake region. It has also been shown that the porous treatment can effectively destroy the spanwise coherence of the boundary layer structures and suppress the velocity and pressure coherence, particularly at the vortex shedding frequency. The flow–porous scrubbing and its effects on the near-wall and large coherent structures have also been studied. The emergence of a quasi-periodic recirculating flow field inside highly permeable surface treatments has also been investigated. Finally, the paper has identified several important mechanisms concerning the application of porous treatments for aerodynamic and aeroacoustic purposes, which can help more effective and tailored designs for specific applications.
The Discriminatory Effect of Domestic Regulations on International Trade in Services: Evidence from Firm-Level Data

In order to promote international trade in services, the WTO-GATS aims at progressively eliminating discriminatory regulations, which apply to foreign suppliers, by guaranteeing equal national treatment. This paper looks instead at the trade effect of domestic regulations, which apply to all firms indifferently and do not intend to exclude foreign suppliers. We propose a theory-based empirical test to determine whether or not these domestic regulations affect foreign suppliers more than local ones. We take this test to the data by using French firm-level exports of professional services to OECD countries. Our econometric results show that domestic regulations in the importing markets matter significantly for trade in services. They reduce both the decision to export and the individual exports. These results tend to prove that domestic regulations are de facto discriminatory even if they are not de jure.
Faithfully representable topological *-algebras: some spectral properties

: A faithfully representable topological *-algebra ( fr *-algebra) A 0 is characterized by the fact that it possesses suﬃciently many *-representations. Some spectral properties are examined, by constructing a convenient quasi *-algebra A over A 0 , starting from the order bounded elements of A 0 .
Short Note on the Unemployment Rate of the 'French Overseas Regions'

This article analyzes the hysteresis hypothesis in the unemployment rates of the four French overseas regions (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyana, Reunion) [FORs] over the period 1993-2008. We use standard univariate and panel unit root tests, among them Choi (2006) and Lopez (2009) that account for cross-sectional dependence and have improved performance when the number of countries and the time dimension of the data are limited. Our results cannot reject the null hypothesis of a unit root and so find evidence supporting hysteresis in the unemployment rates for the FORs.
The Quiescent Counterpart of the Soft Gamma-Ray Repeater SGR 0526–66

It is now commonly believed that soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) and anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) are magnetars—neutron stars powered by their magnetic fields. However, what differentiates these two seemingly dissimilar objects is, at present, unknown. We present Chandra observations of RX J052600.3-660433, the quiescent X-ray counterpart of SGR 0526-66, famous for the intense burst of 1979 March 5. The source is unresolved at the resolution of Chandra. Restricting observations to a period range around 8 s, the period noted in the afterglow of the burst of 1979 March 5, we find evidence for a similar periodicity in two epochs of data obtained 20 months apart. The secular period derivative based on these two observations is 6.6(5) × 10-11 s s-1, similar to the period derivatives of the magnetars. As is the case with other magnetars, the spectrum is best fitted by a combination of a blackbody and a power law. However, quite surprisingly, the photon index of the power-law component is Γ ~ 3—intermediate to those of AXPs and SGRs. This continuum of Γ led us to suggest that the underlying physical parameter that differentiates SGRs from AXPs is manifested in the power-law component. Two decades ago, SGR 0526-66 was a classical SGR, whereas now it behaves like an AXP. Thus, it is possible that the same object cycles between the SGR and AXP states. We speculate that the main difference between AXPs and SGRs is the geometry of the B fields, and this geometry is time dependent. Finally, given the steep spectrum of RX J052600.3-660433, the total radiated energy of RX J052600.3-660433 can be much higher than traditionally estimated. If this energy is supplied by the decay of the magnetic field, then the inferred B field of RX J052600.3-660433 is in excess of 1015 G, the traditional value for magnetars. Independent of this discussion, there could well be a class of neutron stars, 1014 G ≲ B ≲ 1015 G, which are neither radio pulsars nor magnetars.
Multi-object spectroscopy of low redshift EIS clusters. I. ?

We report the results of the rst multi-object spectroscopic observations at the Danish 1.54 m telescope at La Silla, Chile. Observations of ve cluster candidates from the ESO Imaging Survey Cluster Candidate Catalog are described. From these observations we conrm the reality of the ve clusters with measured redshifts of 0:11 z 0:35. We estimate velocity dispersions in the range 294{621 km s 1 indicating rather poor clusters. This, and the measured cluster redshifts are consistent with the results of the matched lter procedure applied to produce the Cluster Candidate Catalog.
Prihook: Differentiated context-aware hook placement for different owners' smartphones

A context-aware hook is a piece of code. It checks context-aware user privacy policy before some sensitive operations happen. We propose Prihook to address specific context-aware user privacy concerns through putting specific context-aware hooks. We design User Privacy Preference Table (UPPT) to help a user express his privacy concerns and propose a mapping from the words in the UPPT lexicon to the methods in the Potential Method Set. With this mapping, Prihook is able to (a) select a specific set of methods; and (b) generate and place hooks automatically. Hence, the hook placement in Prihook is personalized. We test Prihook separately on 6 typical UPPTs representing 6 kinds of resource-sensitive UPPTs, and no user privacy violation is found. The experimental results show that the hooks placed by PriHook have small runtime overhead.
Inexact decomposition methods for solving deterministic and stochastic convex dynamic programming equations

We introduce an extension of Dual Dynamic Programming (DDP) to solve convex nonlinear dynamic programming equations. We call Inexact DDP (IDDP) this extension which applies to situations where some or all primal and dual subproblems to be solved along the iterations of the method are solved with a bounded error. We show that any accumulation point of the sequence of decisions is an approximate solution to the dynamic programming equations. When these errors tend to zero as the number of iterations goes to infinity, we show that IDDP solves the dynamic programming equations. We extend the analysis to stochastic convex nonlinear dynamic programming equations, introducing Inexact Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming (ISDDP), an inexact variant of SDDP corresponding to the situation where some or all problems to be solved in the forward and backward passes of SDDP are solved approximately. We also show the almost sure convergence of ISDDP for vanishing errors.
Priming the Representation of Left-Dominant Sandhi Words: A Shanghai Dialect Case Study

The paper aims to examine how the acoustic input (the surface form) and the abstract linguistic representation (the underlying representation) interact during spoken word recognition by investigating left-dominant tone sandhi, a tonal alternation in which the underlying tone of the first syllable spreads to the sandhi domain. We conducted two auditory-auditory priming lexical decision experiments on Shanghai left-dominant sandhi words with less-frequent and frequent Shanghai users, in which each disyllabic target was preceded by monosyllabic primes either sharing the same underlying tone, surface tone, or being unrelated to the tone of the first syllable of the sandhi targets. Results showed a surface priming effect but not an underlying priming effect in younger speakers who used Shanghai less frequently, but no surface or underlying priming effect in older speakers who used Shanghai more often. Moreover, the surface priming did not interact with speakers’ familiarity ratings to the sandhi targets. These patterns suggest that left-dominant Shanghai sandhi words may be represented in the sandhi form in the mental lexicon. The results are discussed in the context of how phonological opacity, productivity, the non-structure-preserving nature of tone spreading, and speakers’ semantic knowledge influence the representation and processing of tone sandhi words.
Individual-level predictors of cessation behaviours among participants in the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey

Background: The International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey (ITC-4) is a prospective cohort study designed to evaluate the psychosocial and behavioural impact of national-level tobacco control policies enacted in the Australia, Canada, the UK, and the USA. Wave 1 of ITC-4 survey was conducted between October 2002 and December 2002. Wave 2 survey was conducted between May 2003 and August 2003. Objective: To test for individual-level predictors of smoking cessation behaviours (that is, quit attempts and smoking cessation) among cigarette smokers in the ITC Four Country Study measured between Wave 1 and Wave 2. This set of predictors will serve as the base for evaluating the added effect of tobacco control policies and other factors. Methods: Respondents included in this study are 6682 adult current smokers in the Wave 1 main survey who completed the Wave 2 follow-up (1665 were in Canada, 1329 were in the USA, 1837 were in the UK and 1851 were in Australia). Results: Factors predictive of making a quit attempt included intention to quit, making a quit attempt in the previous year, longer duration of past quit attempts, less nicotine dependence, more negative attitudes about smoking, and younger age. Lower levels of nicotine dependence were the main factor that predicted future cessation among those that made a quit attempt. Conclusion: Intention to quit and other cognitive variables were associated with quit attempts, but not cessation. Behavioural variables related to task difficulty, including measures of dependence, predicted both making attempts and their success. Predictors of making quit attempts and cessation were similar for each of the four countries, but there were some differences in predictors of success.
Growth and characterization of β-Ga2O3 thin films by molecular beam epitaxy for deep-UV photodetectors

The growth of high quality epitaxial beta-gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) using a compound source by molecular beam epitaxy has been demonstrated on c-plane sapphire (Al2O3) substrates. The compound source provides oxidized gallium molecules in addition to oxygen when heated from an iridium crucible in a high temperature effusion cell enabling a lower heat of formation for the growth of Ga2O3, resulting in a more efficient growth process. This source also enabled the growth of crystalline β-Ga2O3 without the need for additional oxygen. The influence of the substrate temperatures on the crystal structure and quality, chemical bonding, surface morphology, and optical properties has been systematically evaluated by x-ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and UV-vis spectroscopy. Under optimized growth conditions, all films exhibited pure 2¯01 oriented β-Ga2O3 thin films with six-fold rotational symmetry when.
Electromagnetic Field Analysis of Operation Space of the Switch in the Substation Based on the Time Domain Integration Method

In this paper, the approximate calculation formula is used to calculate the horizontal electric field from lightning which has arbitrary current, with the help of time domain integral equation method solving the lightning induced over voltages on overhead lines. In this paper, the time domain integral equations of horizontal electric field is established. Taking the conductor axis current as the variable, the pulse function is used as the basis function, and the discretization equation is used in space and time. Using time stepping algorithm to solve the resulting linear equations. The calculation process of this method is simple, and it is proved that the method is consistent with the conclusion of the relevant literature.
Prognostic Significance of the Combined Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9, Urokinase Type Plasminogen Activator and its Receptor in Breast Cancer as Measured by Northern Blot Analysis

Using Northern blot analysis we have measured the co-expression of the matrix metalloprotease MMP-9, plasminogen activator urokinase type (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) mRNAs in 81 biopsies of breast carcinomas with the objective of analyzing the impact of these factors on the overall survival probability of the patients (median follow-up time: 4 years). Individual mRNA levels of either uPA or uPAR showed parallel variations with MMP-9 mRNA, suggesting a coordinate transcription of these markers. When median values were used as cutoff points to discriminate between high and low factor expression, no association was found with patient outcome and MMP-9 or uPA mRNA distribution. However, increased uPAR mRNA levels were associated with poor prognosis (p = 0.01). The combination of MMP-9 and uPAR mRNA measurements has not enhanced prognostic information compared to information supplied by the receptor alone (p = 0.01). The combination of MMP-9 and high levels of uPA mRNA led to a significant association with poor outcome (p = 0.03). Multivariate analysis supported the notion that increased uPAR mRNA production in primary breast cancer may be a predictor of overall survival.