Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Composition, reuse and interaction analysis of stateful aspects

Aspect-Oriented Programming promises separation of concerns at the implementation level. However, aspects are not always orrthogonal and aspect interaction is a fundamental problem. In this paper, we extend previous work on a generic framework for the formal definition and interaction analysis of stateful aspects. We propose three important extensions which enhance expressivity while preserving static analyzability of interactions. First, we provide support for variables in aspects in order to share information between different execution points. This allows the definition of more precise aspects and to avoid detection of spurious conflicts. Second, we introduce generic composition operators for aspects. This enables us to provide expressive support for the resolution of conflicts among interacting aspects. Finally, we offer a means to define applicability conditions for aspects. This makes interaction analysis more precise and paves the way for reuse of aspects by making explicit requirements on contexts in which aspects must be used.
Concepts as Syntactic Sugar

The coming standard for C++ will contain language extensions. It can be expected that there will be some years between the release of the new standard and the time when most compilers will be compliant, like it happened for the 1998 standard. Concepts are an extension proposed for the new standard. We show how we can translate ConceptC++ code into pure C++03 using the C++ template mechanism. Such a translation tool could be used for example to port software written using a ConceptC++ compiler to architectures having only older compilers. Or a library written using concepts could be used by a project written in pure C++. The goal of this transformation is not to provide all capabilities of ConceptC++, but with restrictions we can afford, to be as simple as possible.
Critical Appraisal of Biomarkers of Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status in Patients Undergoing Dialysis

*Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, KarolinskaInstitutet, Stockholm, Sweden, †Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology,University of California Irvine Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Orange,Long Beach, California, and ‡University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee
The Polarization Multiplexing Image with a Single Diffractive Optical Element

The diffractive optical element (DOE) can modulate the light to image in a fixed distance. However, when the wavelength of the light is single and fixed, the imaging is single. In this paper, we proposed a novel architecture to solve this problem. The birefringent material is used as the substrate of the DOE, and the polarization modulation is added in the design of the DOE. The two orthogonally linear polarized lights with the same wavelength modulated by the DOE image differently at the same distance. The imaging of incident light with different polarization is simulated, and the diffraction efficiency and the uniformity are also calculated to demonstrate the validity of this mew method.
Sustained Preferential Processing of Social Threat Cues: Bias without Competition?

Stimuli of high emotional significance such as social threat cues are preferentially processed in the human brain. However, there is an ongoing debate whether or not these stimuli capture attention automatically and weaken the processing of concurrent stimuli in the visual field. This study examined continuous fluctuations of electrocortical facilitation during competition of two spatially separated facial expressions in high and low socially anxious individuals. Two facial expressions were flickered for 3000 msec at different frequencies (14 and 17.5 Hz) to separate the electrocortical signals evoked by the competing stimuli (“frequency tagging”). Angry faces compared to happy and neutral expressions were associated with greater electrocortical facilitation over visual areas only in the high socially anxious individuals. This finding was independent of the respective competing stimulus. Heightened electrocortical engagement in socially anxious participants was present in the first second of stimulus viewing and was sustained for the entire presentation period. These results, based on a continuous measure of attentional resource allocation, support the view that stimuli of high personal significance are associated with early and sustained prioritized sensory processing. These cues, however, do not interfere with the electrocortical processing of a spatially separated concurrent face, suggesting that they are effective at capturing attention, but are weak competitors for resources.
Listeners' emotional engagement with performances of a Scriabin étude: an explorative case study

In an explorative study, the variation in listeners' judgments of the emotionality of three performances of a Scriabinétude was investigated. Three performances of the Scriabinétude were recorded. Video and/or audio recordings were presented to 24 listeners who segmented the music in short phrases and indicated their emotional engagement with the music using a slider. The relation between the performance data and the listeners' responses was analysed as well as the effects of musical training, medium and musical structure. The analyses were done using multiple regression analyses and decision trees. The results confirmed the hypothesized influence of the performer's interpretation, the listener's background and the global phrase structure, though not always in the expected way. In particular the dynamics of the performance correlated with listeners' judgments of emotionality, while tempo correlated more strongly with the indications of phrase structure. This was more clearly the case for nonmusicians than for musicians. The movements of the pianist were related to the dynamics of the performance and seemed to aid the communication of emotional intensity.
Study on Information Resources Allocation Based on Complex Networks

Given the characteristics of information resources and the mechanisms of allocation well, introduce complex network theory to build a complex network model of information resources allocation(IRA). Through simulating the model, some useful conclusions were put out: the network of IRA with some characteristics of scale-free network and small world network, could reduce the network cost while keeping network efficiency in a steady level. Consequently, the topology structure of networks proposed in this paper may help to realize optimal allocation of information resources. Keywords-information resources allocation(IRA); information resources networks; complex networks
International trade and the risk of biological invasions

International trade is widely accepted as the primary conduit for unintentional introductions of non-indigenous species. But biogeographic heterogeneity, and differences in historical trade exposure across trade partners suggests that not all imports are equally risky. We develop an analytical model linking exotic species introductions and discoveries to trade volumes, and use historical data to estimate region-specific parameters of an import-invasion-discovery process. This approach allows us to empirically disentangle the different stages of the introduction process, from exposure to successful invasion to eventual discovery. These estimates form the basis for predicting invasion risk from future trade based on the regions from which imports originate. Our results suggest that many regions that have caused extensive damage in the past are unlikely to create future problems; instead it is from burgeoning trade partners that most non-indigenous species will arrive in the future.
Individual Differences in Mental Imagery Tasks: A Study of Visual Thinkers and Verbal Thinkers

In the context of individual differences in human thinking patterns, the present study examined differences between visual thinking and verbal thinking, specifically with regard to brain activity associated with each. In a recent study, we divided subjects into visual thinkers and non-visual thinkers according to their responses to a questionnaire survey, and took magnetoencephalogram (MEG) measurements while they underwent verbal and visual tasks [1] . This revealed significant differences in brain activation patterns near both the primary visual area and frontal language area, particularly during the verbal task [1] . From this, we surmised that human original thinking can be divided into visual and verbal types. Our neurological analyses of the diversity of individual thinking characteristics can likely be applied to the fields of economics and education.
Association of Influenza Vaccination and Reduced Risk of Stroke Hospitalization among the Elderly: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of influenza vaccination (and annual revaccination) on the risk of stroke admissions. We conducted a population-based case-control study in Taiwan. Cases consisted of patients >65 years of age who had a first-time diagnosis of stroke during the influenza seasons from 2006 to 2009. Controls were selected by matching age, sex, and index date to cases. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Ever vaccinated individuals in the current vaccination season were associated with a reduced risk of ischemic stroke admissions (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60–0.97). Compared with individuals never vaccinated against influenza during the past 5 years, the adjusted ORs were 0.92 (95% CI = 0.68–1.23) for the group with 1 or 2 vaccinations, 0.73 (95% CI = 0.54–1.00) for the group with 3 or 4 vaccinations, and 0.56 (95% CI = 0.38–0.83) for the group with 5 vaccinations. There was a significant trend of decreasing risk of ischemic stroke admissions with an increasing number of vaccinations. This study provides evidence that vaccination against influenza may reduce the risk of hospitalization for ischemic stroke and that annual revaccination provides greater protection.
Mother-Infant Musical Interaction and Emotional Communication: A Literature Review

Early experiences of emotional communication contribute to mother-infant attachment and impact upon an infant's neurological, social and emotional development. Understanding emotional communication is paramount to encourage, support and promote healthy mother-infant relationships and infant health. Across various fields of research there is extensive literature on mother-infant interactions, attachment, emotional regulation and infant health with varying degrees of relevancy to music therapy. This paper aims to integrate theories and concepts pertinent to music therapy in order to provide a cross-disciplinary theoretical framework for any therapist interested in early mother-infant relationships intervention. Gaps in the literature and potential areas for future research are also discussed.
Beauty as violence: ‘beautiful’ hair and the cultural violence of identity erasure

ABSTRACT Curious observations of hair and hairstyles worn by many women of Black African descent reveal the triumph of a Eurocentric dominant ideology of beauty. I assert in this study that the process of attaining the hegemonic ideology of ‘beautiful’ hair, often defined as a European and Asian texture and style of hair, is a violent journey. This study draws largely from Johan Galtung's seminal theoretical works on violence, particularly his articulation of cultural violence as a creation of ideology through psychological process of indoctrination and brainwashing, and the internalization of this process. From this theoretical framing, and a demythologization of the multiplicity and flexibility narrative of postmodern self and identity, this study examines the attitudes of young Black South African women toward their natural hair and their perception of ‘beautiful’ hair. Through a survey of 159 Black female students in a rural South African university with a predominantly Black student population, and face-to-face conversations with five female students, the study asserts that many Black African women's relationship with their hair is shaped by violence. The physical and cultural violence perpetuated in the quest for ‘beautiful’ hair is consequently creating a generational cycle of identity erasure.
The Effect of Abdominal Visceral Fat, Circulating Inflammatory Cytokines, and Leptin Levels on Reflux Esophagitis

Background/Aims Although adipocytes secrete inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, their role in reflux esophagitis is controversial. We investigated the association between visceral fat and inflammatory cytokines or adipokines in reflux esophagitis. Methods Abdominal visceral fat and cytokines were measured in 66 individuals with reflux esophagitis and 66 age- and sex-matched controls. The mean values for visceral fat and cytokines were compared in cases and controls. Second, correlations between visceral fat and inflammatory cytokines were measured. Finally, multiple logistic regression models for odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the effects of visceral fat and cytokines on reflux esophagitis. Results Visceral fat, leptin, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β were higher in reflux esophagitis compared to controls. Visceral fat showed a strong positive correlation with IL-6 (r = 0.523, P < 0.001), IL-8 (r = 0.395, P < 0.001), and IL-1β (r = 0.557, P < 0.001), and a negative correlation with adiponectin (r = −0.466, P < 0.001). With adjusted analysis, visceral fat/100 (OR, 4.32; 95% CI, 2.18–8.58; P < 0.001) and leptin (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.10–1.69; P = 0.005) independently increased the risk of reflux esophagitis, but the effects of other cytokines were abolished. Conclusions Visceral fat may increase the risk of reflux esophagitis by increasing the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Leptin showed a positive association with reflux esophagitis that was independent of visceral fat.
Analytic Combinatorics in Several Variables : Effective Asymptotics and Lattice Path Enumeration. (Combinatoire analytique en plusieurs variables : asymptotique efficace et énumération de chemin de treillis)

The field of analytic combinatorics, which studies the asymptotic behaviour ofsequences through analytic properties of their generating functions, has led to thedevelopment of deep and powerful tools with applications across mathematics and thenatural sciences. In addition to the now classical univariate theory, recent work in thestudy of analytic combinatorics in several variables (ACSV) has shown how to deriveasymptotics for the coefficients of certain D-finite functions represented by diagonals ofmultivariate rational functions. This thesis examines the methods of ACSV from acomputer algebra viewpoint, developing rigorous algorithms and giving the firstcomplexity results in this area under conditions which are broadly satisfied.Furthermore, this thesis gives several new applications of ACSV to the enumeration oflattice walks restricted to certain regions. In addition to proving several openconjectures on the asymptotics of such walks, a detailed study of lattice walk modelswith weighted steps is undertaken.
Tracking Natal Dispersal in a Coastal Population of a Migratory Songbird Using Feather Stable Isotope (δ2H, δ34S) Tracers

Adult birds tend to show high fidelity to their breeding territory or disperse over relatively short distances. Gene flow among avian populations is thus expected to occur primarily through natal dispersal. Although natal dispersal is a critical demographic process reflecting the area over which population dynamics take place, low recapture rates of birds breeding for the first time have limited our ability to reliably estimate dispersal rates and distances. Stable isotope approaches can elucidate origins of unmarked birds and so we generated year- and age-specific δ2H and δ34S feather isoscapes (ca. 180 000 km2) of coastal-breeding Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla) and used bivariate probability density functions to assign the likely natal areas of 35 males recruited as first-year breeders into a population located in northwestern New Brunswick, Canada. Most individuals (80–94% depending on the magnitude of an age correction factor used; i.e. 28–33 out of 35) were classified as residents (i.e. fledged within our study area) and estimated minimum dispersal distances of immigrants were between 40 and 240 km. Even when considering maximum dispersal distances, the likely origin of most first-year breeders was<200 km from our study area. Our method identified recruitment into our population from large geographic areas with relatively few samples whereas previous mark-recapture based methods have required orders of magnitude more individuals to describe dispersal at such geographic scales. Natal dispersal movements revealed here suggest the spatial scale over which many population processes are taking place and we suggest that conservation plans aiming to maintain populations of Ovenbirds and ecologically-similar species should consider management units within 100 or at most 200 km of target breeding populations.
Implementation of demand side management of a smart home using multi-agent system

Smart Home is a modern home that allows residents to have high-level comfort with effective use of electricity. These objectives can be achieved by applying suitable and promising optimization algorithms and techniques. This paper presents a demand side management strategy which was integrated into the existing Home Energy Management System (HEMS). Home energy management system is a Multi-Agent System (MAS) based decentralized architecture proposed by the authors. This intelligent energy management system was developed on an IEEE FIPA (Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents) compliant multi-agent platform. This enables agents to communicate, interact and negotiate with energy sources and devices of the smart home to provide the most efficient energy usage and minimize the cost of electricity bills. This also results some peak load shaving of the power distribution system of the smart home. Simulation studies show the potential of proposed multi-agent system technique together with the demand side management strategy to provide the optimum solution for smart home energy management.
At-Risk Student-Athletes and Academic Achievement: Experiences of Successful and Unsuccessful First Year Collegiate Football Players

At-Risk Student-Athletes and Academic Achievement: Experiences of Successful and Unsuccessful First Year Collegiate Football Players Samantha J. Monda, M.S., M.A. The academic development of collegiate football players has become a concern in higher education during recent years (Knight Commission, 2010; LaForge & Hodge, 2011; NCAA, 2009). The purpose of this qualitative study was to gain insight into the first semester experiences of academically “successful” and “unsuccessful” first year collegiate football players. In particular, this study attempted to identify the variables that academically “successful” and “unsuccessful” football players perceived to have impacted their academic performance during their first semester. An intensity sample of Division I freshman football players who performed well academically during the Fall 2010 semester (n=6) and a sample of Division I freshman football players who did not perform well academically during the Fall 2010 semester (n=6) were interviewed for this study. Emergent themes that arose from the data analysis for the “successful” student-athlete group included: academic motivation, facilitators of academic success, time management, academic preparation, limited involvement, and academic skills. For the academically “unsuccessful” student-athlete group the relevant themes included: academic motivation, barriers to academic success, time management, academic preparation, limited involvement, and lack of autonomy. The findings from this study provide insight into potential factors that may be useful in identifying student-athletes at risk for academic problems and for designing interventions to address academic performance.
Effect of atherosclerosis on cerebral vascular responses to activation of leukocytes and platelets in monkeys.

The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that atherosclerosis alters responses of cerebral arteries and the ocular circulation to the activation in vivo of leukocytes and platelets. We measured blood flow to the brain and eye using microspheres and pressure in the cerebral microvessels of normal and atherosclerotic monkeys. The intracarotid injection of 10(-7) M N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine to activate leukocytes did not alter cerebral blood flow in 11 normal or 10 atherosclerotic monkeys but increased the resistance of large cerebral arteries by 46 +/- 11% (mean +/- SEM) in the atherosclerotic animals. The injection of N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine did not alter blood flow to the eye in 10 normal monkeys but decreased blood flow to the choroid by 38 +/- 9% in 11 atherosclerotic monkeys. The intracarotid injection of 3 x 10(-9) M prostaglandin E2, a leukocyte product, produced an increase in the resistance of large cerebral arteries in five atherosclerotic but not in six normal monkeys. Prostaglandin E2 reduced blood flow to the retina and choroid in the atherosclerotic monkeys by 62 +/- 22% and 65 +/- 17%, respectively. The intracarotid infusion of 25 micrograms/min collagen to activate platelets increased cerebral blood flow by 21 +/- 5% in 10 normal monkeys but did not alter it in 11 atherosclerotic monkeys. Collagen did not alter blood flow to the choroid in 10 normal monkeys but decreased it by 29 +/- 8% in 11 atherosclerotic monkeys. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A novel discrete particle swarm optimization to solve traveling salesman problem

Particle swarm optimization (PSO), which simulates the unpredictable flight of a bird flock, is one of the intelligent computation algorithms. PSO is well-known to solve the continuous problems, yet by proper modification, it can also be applied to discrete problems, such as the classical test model: traveling salesman problem (TSP). In this paper, a novel discrete PSO call C3DPSO for TSP, with modified update formulas and a new parameter c3 (called mutation factor, to help to keep the balance between exploitation and exploration), is proposed. In the new algorithm, the particle is not a permutation of numbers but a set of edges, which is different from most other algorithms for TSP. However, it still keeps the most important characteristics of PSO that the whole swarm is guided by pbest and gbest. According to some benchmarks in TSP lib, it is proved that the proposed PSO works well even with 200 cities.