Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards an automatic drowsiness detection system by evaluating the alpha band of EEG signals

In this paper, we present the important role of alpha band for the evaluation of the drowsiness degree. By filtering the alpha band and by using the power spectral density of that same band, our data were analyzed using the percentiles as measures of dispersion. A threshold discriminating the two states was found, which helped to highlight the area of the brain responsible for the state of drowsiness for driver. So, in this work, we look to develop a drowsiness monitoring system in the goal to participate in reducing of the big number of road accidents to estimate the drowsiness level by analysis of EEG (electroencephalography) signals records. Finally, the algorithm developed in this work has been tested on twelve samples from the Physionet sleep-EDF database.
A Computational Model of Creative Mental Imagery Inspired by Islamic Philosophy

عازتنا ؛هدش هدید لابق هک یریواصت یروآرطاخ هب . دشاب هتشاد دناوت یم لکــش دنچ "روصت" :همدقم اب دیدج ریوصت کی داجیا ؛دراد دوجو نهذ رد موهفم کی زا هک یریواصت ی همه یور زا ریوصت کی روظنم . درادن دوجو نهذ رد یریوصت نآ یازا هب هک یموهفم یارب یلبق ی هدش هدید ریواصت زا هدافتسا یتخانش دنیارف کی ناونع هب روصت یتابساحم یزاس لدم :شور . تــسا رخآ عون ،قلاخ روصت زا ام دزادرپ یم (ایوپ یاه هبنج ناونع هب) اهدنیارف و (اتسیا یاه هبنج ناونع هب) اهراتخاس قیقد فیصوت هب نیا رد . دنک یم فیصوت رتویپماک یروآ نف و مولع رب ینتبم ییاه همانرب و اه متیروگلا بلاق رد ار نآ و رب و هدش هداد حیضوت یملاسا ی هفسلف زا هدافتسا اب ناسنا قلاخ روصت دنیارف ات هدش یعس شهوژپ یا هوق هلیختم ،یملاسا ی هفسلف قبط :اه هتفاي . دوــش هئارا هنایار رد ارجا لباق متیروگلا کی نآ یانبم لکش ار قلاخ روصت لمع ،هظفاح و لایخ رد دوجوم یناعم و ریواصت ی هیزجت ای و بیکرت اب هک تسا ،هنومن ناونع هب . درک لدم یتلاامتحا یا هلحرمدنچ متیروگلا کی اب ناوت یم ار هلیختم شقن . دــهد یم »ناهد و مشچ یاراد تخرد« ی هلیسو هب دیدج موهفم ِروصت یارب یداهنشیپ متیروگلا یارجا ریسم ریواصت زا هدافتسا اب ناسنا هک دنک دیلوت ار یریواصت تسا رداق یشنایار لدم نیا . تسا هدش هداد ناشن یازجا بیکرت اب دیدج ریوصت قلخ :يريگ هجيتن . دنک یم قلخ دیدج موهفم نیا یارب یلبق ی هدش هدید ی هبنج ود هب تسیاب یم قلاخ روصت یزاس لدم یارب نیاربانب ،دریگ یم تروص (یناعم و روص) هیاپ ینهذ یاهدنیارف یزاس لدم و فشک ،مود ؛یناعم و روص بسانم ییامنزاب ،لوا :تشاد هجوت یساسا . ازجا نیا بیکرت یارب یملاسا ی هفسلف ،یعونصم شوه ،هلیختم ،قلاخ روصت ،یشنایار لدم :يديلك ياه هژاو یناتآ یعيفر هبيط تعنص و ملع هاگشناد ،یرتکد یوجــشناد نارهت ،ناریا نيمن یمشاه هدژم هاگشناد ،يعونصم شوه ،يرتکد یوجشناد ناریا تعنص و ملع *قلطم دهاج اضردمحم و ملع هاگشناد ،يعونصم شوه ،رایــشناد ناریا تعنص یلگديب یيانيم زورهب و ملع هاگشناد ،یعونصم شوه ،رایــشناد ناریا تعنص
BOSAM: A topology visualisation tool for large-scale complex networks

Many information and communications networks are very large and they exhibit extremely complex structures. Here we propose a topology visualisation tool, called the bitmap of sorted adjacency matrix (BOSAM), which illustrates the connectivity information of a network as a bitmap image. We show that by using carefully designed rules to sort network node in specific orders, the produced bitmaps are able to reveal interesting patterns associated with the network structures. This simple tool can facilitate the study on characterising and modelling large-scale complex networks such as the Internet and peer-to-peer (P2P) networks.
Dynamic resource allocation and network optimization in the Cloud Radio Access Network

Le Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) est une future direction dans les reseaux de communications sans fils pour deployer des systemes cellulaires 4G et renforcer la migration des operateurs vers la nouvelle generation 5G. En comparaison avec l'architecture traditionnelle des stations de base distribuees, l'architecture C-RAN apporte un lot d'avantages a l'operateur: meilleure utilisation des ressources radio, flexibilite du reseau, minimisation de la puissance consommee et amenuisement des couts de deploiement. Dans cette these, nous adressons le probleme d'allocation dynamique des ressources et minimisation de la puissance des communications a liaison descendante dans le C-RAN. Notre recherche vise a allouer les ressources radio a des flux dynamiques d'utilisateurs, tout en trouvant les meilleures combinaisons entre points d'acces et unites de calculs, pour satisfaire la demande de trafic. Il s'agit en outre, d'un probleme d'optimisation non lineaire et NP-difficile, comprenant plusieurs contraintes relatives aux demandes de ressources des utilisateurs, gestion d'interferences, capacites fixes des unites de calcul dans le Cloud et des liaisons de transport ainsi que la limitation de la puissance transmise maximale. Afin de surmonter la complexite inherente a cette problematique du C-RAN, nous presentons differentes approches pour l'allocation dynamique des ressources en trois principales contributions. Les resultats de nos simulations prouvent l'efficacite de nos methodes, compare a celles existantes dans la litterature, en termes de taux de debit de satisfaction, nombre d'antennes actives, puissance consommee dans le Cloud, resilience et cout operationnel du C-RAN.
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122 Francisco Arias1 Nestor Szerman2 Pablo Vega3 Beatriz Mesias3 Ignacio Basurte2 Consuelo Morant4 Enriqueta Ochoa5 Félix Poyo6 Francisco Babin7 1Servicio de Psiquiatría Hospital Doce de Octubre. Madrid 2Servicio de Psiquiatría Hospital General Gregorio Marañon. Madrid 3Instituto de Adicciones. Madrid 4Oficina Regional de Salud Mental. Madrid 5Servicio de Psiquiatría Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Madrid 6Unidad de Alcohología Hospital Rodríguez Lafora. Madrid 7Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas. Madrid Abuse or dependence on cannabis and other psychiatric disorders. Madrid study on dual pathology prevalence
A method for fingerprint alignment and matching

Fingerprint is one of the most popular biometric methods for personal identification. In this paper, a novel alignment approach is introduced. This method based on the reference point detection and the texture information surrounding the minutiae. Furthermore, a new matching score calculation method is described to verify the proposed alignment method. The experiment result is also provided, the result shows it has the ERR at 2.61%.
Browsing a Structured Multimedia Repository

Browsing large amounts of assorted multimedia poses several challenges on creating a supporting user interface. Even further, if metadata, structures and relations are defined on top of multimedia fragments, the complexity of a multimedia repository increases. However, this is also a path for exploiting new browsing mechanisms. This paper presents insights on which aspects should be available on a task-oriented user interface for browsing a structured multimedia repository, centred on speeding up interaction through media independent navigation schemes and user advisory.
Conclusion Cognition without Architectures: the Semantic Ambiguity between Cognitive Models and Architectures

OVERVIEW Interfacing cognitive architectures with virtual agents is still in its infancy and remains an open teleological question. However, we hope that this book encourages readers to seriously consider the particular role of cognitive architectures for state-of-the-art virtual agents. The chapters in this book consider the advantages of specific cognitive architectures over others depending on the nature of the virtual agent implementation. Deciding to use a cognitive architecture in the first place is a meaningful decision, and the book's chapters have discussed the utility of doing so. Cognitive architectures can be used to support arbitrary complex agents for contexts ranging from videogames to training simulations. Currently, advanced cognitive abilities are not necessary for videogames, but their progression may allow novel forms to emerge. We believe that as Artificial General Intelligences improve, they will become more accepted, and cognitive architectures will begin to assume a more prominent and explicit role with the deliberative management of intelligent behaviors. Reflecting on the book's theme as a whole, most of the chapter authors focused on cognition that would be represented and embodied within virtual characters. However, the thematic scope was not limited to an analysis of virtual characters. Cognition was also represented in terms of human behavioral templates and character authoring systems. Virtual characters are sometimes implemented in immersive virtual reality (VR) or mixed (augmented) reality domains. In Chapter 1, Borovikov et al. argued that " the assumption of an imperfect human participant is critical to the development of a robust VC cognition system. " Essentially, they suggest that the cognition of virtual characters could be expedited if there were human-avatar templates from which to 294
Design and control of a tracked robot for search and rescue in nuclear power plant

Environment in some special areas of nuclear power plant is very bad, and is even worse and inaccessible after a nuclear accident. Therefore, a robot developed for special occasions of nuclear plant operation is urgently needed. Different from ordinary robots, nuclear industry robots face even worse environments, such as high radiation, high temperature, high pressure, narrow space, slopes, stairs, and complicated pipeline. This paper designs a tracked mobile robot for search and rescue in nuclear plant. Stair climbing performance of the robot is analyzed. Hardware and software of the control system are designed, and the human-computer interaction interface is developed. Dynamic model of the robot is established, and the trajectory tracking control algorithm of the robot is presented. Finally, simulation experiments using Octave software are finished. Simulation results show that the proposed control algorithm could enable the tracked robot to achieve excellent trajectory tracking of linear and cambered path, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.
Electrodynamics of Magnetars IV: Self-Consistent Model of the Inner Accelerator, with Implications for Pulsed Radio Emission

We consider the voltage structure in the open-field circuit and outer magnetosphere of a magnetar. The standard polar-cap model for radio pulsars is modified significantly when the polar magnetic field exceeds 1.8x10^{14} G. Pairs are created by accelerated particles via resonant scattering of thermal X-rays, followed by the nearly instantaneous conversion of the scattered photon to a pair. A surface gap is then efficiently screened by e+- creation, which regulates the voltage in the inner part of the circuit to ~10^9 V. We also examine the electrostatic gap structure that can form when the magnetic field is somewhat weaker, and deduce a voltage 10-30 times larger over a range of surface temperatures. We examine carefully how the flow of charge back to the star above the gap depends on the magnitude of the current that is extracted from the surface of the star, on the curvature of the magnetic field lines, and on resonant drag. The rates of different channels of pair creation are determined self-consistently, including the non-resonant scattering of X-rays, and collisions between gamma rays and X-rays. We find that the electrostatic gap solution has too small a voltage to sustain the observed pulsed radio output of magnetars unless i) the magnetic axis is nearly aligned with the rotation axis and the light of sight; or ii) the gap is present on the closed as well as the open magnetic field lines. Several properties of the radio magnetars -- their rapid variability, broad pulses, and unusually hard radio spectra -- are consistent with a third possibility, that the current in the outer magnetosphere is strongly variable, and a very high rate of pair creation is sustained by a turbulent cascade.
Research issues in the foundations of visualization

We focus on the research required to establish a foundation for the evolving needs of visualization systems. Three main topics underpin these needs: models, the need for abstractions to describe the core components of the visualization process and the interfaces between them, including users and their behavior; validation, the problem of determining whether visualizations meet consistency and effectiveness criteria on test data or measures; and systems, the design, realization, and operational problems of systems integrating a range of functionalities to give scientists a working environment for visualization. We outline key aspects of each topic, commenting on the current status of work and isolating areas that require significant research. We conclude by suggesting strategies to initiate this research. <<ETX>>
Comparison of Low-Latency Anonymous Communication Systems - Practical Usage and Performance

The most popular system for providing practical low-latency anonymity on the Internet is Tor. However, many other tools besides Tor exist as both free and commercial solutions. In this paper, we consider five most popular low-latency anonymisation services that represent the current state of the art: single-hop proxies (Perfect Privacy and free proxies) and Onion Routing based solutions (Tor, I2P, and Jon-Donym). We assess their usability and rank them in regard to their anonymity. We also assess their efficiency and reliability. To this end, we define a set of metrics and present extensive measurements based on round-trip time, inter-packet delay variation and throughput. Apart from the technical realization, economic aspects are also crucial for anonymous communication systems. In order to attract more users, which is mandatory in order to improve anonymity per se, systems need to exhibit a certain payoff. We therefore define an economic model that takes all relevant aspects into consideration. In this paper, we describe the results obtained, lessons learned, and provide guidance for selecting the most appropriate system with respect to a set of requirements.
Dual-Contrast Molecular Imaging Allows Noninvasive Characterization of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury After Coronary Vessel Occlusion in Mice by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background— Inflammation and myocardial necrosis play important roles in ischemia/reperfusion injury after coronary artery occlusion and recanalization. The detection of inflammatory activity and the extent of myocardial necrosis itself are of great clinical and prognostic interest. We developed a dual, noninvasive imaging approach using molecular magnetic resonance imaging in an in vivo mouse model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Methods and Results— Ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced in 10-week-old C57BL/6N mice by temporary ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Activated platelets were targeted with a contrast agent consisting of microparticles of iron oxide (MPIOs) conjugated to a single-chain antibody directed against a ligand-induced binding site (LIBS) on activated glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (LIBS-MPIOs). After injection and imaging of LIBS-MPIOs, late gadolinium enhancement was used to depict myocardial necrosis; these imaging experiments were also performed in P2Y12−/− mice. All imaging results were correlated to immunohistochemistry findings. Activated platelets were detectable by magnetic resonance imaging via a significant signal effect caused by LIBS-MPIOs in the area of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion 2 hours after reperfusion. In parallel, late gadolinium enhancement identified the extent of myocardial necrosis. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that LIBS-MPIOs bound significantly to microthrombi in reperfused myocardium. Only background binding was found in P2Y12−/− mice. Conclusions— Dual molecular imaging of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury allows characterization of platelet-driven inflammation by LIBS-MPIOs and myocardial necrosis by late gadolinium enhancement. This noninvasive imaging strategy is of clinical interest for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes and highlights the potential of molecular magnetic resonance imaging for characterizing ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Epirubicin, Identified Using a Novel Luciferase Reporter Assay for Foxp3 Inhibitors, Inhibits Regulatory T Cell Activity

Forkhead box protein p3 (Foxp3) is crucial to the development and suppressor function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) that have a significant role in tumor-associated immune suppression. Development of small molecule inhibitors of Foxp3 function is therefore considered a promising strategy to enhance anti-tumor immunity. In this study, we developed a novel cell-based assay system in which the NF-κB luciferase reporter signal is suppressed by the co-expressed Foxp3 protein. Using this system, we screened our chemical library consisting of approximately 2,100 compounds and discovered that a cancer chemotherapeutic drug epirubicin restored the Foxp3-inhibited NF-κB activity in a concentration-dependent manner without influencing cell viability. Using immunoprecipitation assay in a Treg-like cell line Karpas-299, we found that epirubicin inhibited the interaction between Foxp3 and p65. In addition, epirubicin inhibited the suppressor function of murine Tregs and thereby improved effector T cell stimulation in vitro. Administration of low dose epirubicin into tumor-bearing mice modulated the function of immune cells at the tumor site and promoted their IFN-γ production without direct cytotoxicity. In summary, we identified the novel action of epirubicin as a Foxp3 inhibitor using a newly established luciferase-based cellular screen. Our work also demonstrated our screen system is useful in accelerating discovery of Foxp3 inhibitors.
Effects of Infection by Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli on the Reproductive Performance of the Vector Rhodnius prolixus

The insect Rhodnius prolixus is responsible for the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi, which is the etiological agent of Chagas disease in areas of Central and South America. Besides this, it can be infected by other trypanosomes such as Trypanosoma rangeli. The effects of these parasites on vectors are poorly understood and are often controversial so here we focussed on possible negative effects of these parasites on the reproductive performance of R. prolixus, specifically comparing infected and uninfected couples. While T. cruzi infection did not delay pre-oviposition time of infected couples at either temperature tested (25 and 30°C) it did, at 25°C, increase the e-value in the second reproductive cycle, as well as hatching rates. Meanwhile, at 30°C, T. cruzi infection decreased the e-value of insects during the first cycle and also the fertility of older insects. When couples were instead infected with T. rangeli, pre-oviposition time was delayed, while reductions in the e-value and hatching rate were observed in the second and third cycles. We conclude that both T. cruzi and T. rangeli can impair reproductive performance of R. prolixus, although for T. cruzi, this is dependent on rearing temperature and insect age. We discuss these reproductive costs in terms of potential consequences on triatomine behavior and survival.
HIGHLIGHTED TOPIC Mechanisms of Sympathetic Regulation in Cardiovascular

Gabor A, Leenen FH. Central neuromodulatory pathways regulating sympathetic activity in hypertension. J Appl Physiol 113: 1294–1303, 2012. First published July 5, 2012; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00553. 2012. —The classical neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA, mediate fast (milliseconds) synaptic transmission and modulate its effectiveness through slow (seconds to minutes) signaling processes. Angiotensinergic pathways, from the lamina terminalis to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN)/supraoptic nucleus and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), are activated by stimuli such as circulating angiotensin type II (Ang II), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sodium ion concentration ([Na ]), and possibly plasma aldosterone, leading to sympathoexcitation, largely by decreasing GABA and increasing glutamate release. The aldosterone-endogenous ouabain (EO) pathway is a much slower neuromodulatory pathway. Aldosterone enhances EO release, and the latter increases chronic activity in angiotensinergic pathways by, e.g., increasing expression for Ang I receptor (AT1R) and NADPH oxidase subunits in the PVN. Blockade of this pathway does not affect the initial sympathoexcitatory and pressor responses but to a large extent, prevents chronic responses to CSF [Na ] or Ang II. Recruitment of these two neuromodulatory pathways allows the central nervous system (CNS) to shift gears to rapidly cause and sustain sympathetic hyperactivity in an efficient manner. Decreased GABA release, increased glutamate release, and enhanced AT1R activation in, e.g., the PVN and RVLM contribute to the elevated blood pressure in a number of hypertension models. In Dahl S rats and spontaneous hypertensive rats, high salt activates the CNS aldosterone-EO pathway, and the salt-induced hypertension can be prevented/reversed by specific CNS blockade of any of the steps in the cascade from aldosterone synthase to AT1R. Further studies are needed to advance our understanding of how and where in the brain these rapid, slow, and very slow CNS pathways are activated and interact in models of hypertension and other disease states associated with chronic sympathetic hyperactivity.
Common and distinct amygdala-function perturbations in depressed vs anxious adolescents.

CONTEXT Few studies directly compare amygdala function in depressive and anxiety disorders. Data from longitudinal research emphasize the need for such studies in adolescents. OBJECTIVE To compare amygdala response to varying attention and emotion conditions among adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) or anxiety disorders, relative to adolescents with no psychopathology. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Government clinical research institute. PARTICIPANTS Eighty-seven adolescents matched on age, sex, intelligence, and social class: 26 with MDD (14 with and 12 without anxiety disorders), 16 with anxiety disorders but no depression, and 45 without psychopathology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Blood oxygen level-dependent signal in the amygdala, measured by means of event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. During imaging, participants viewed facial expressions (neutral, fearful, angry, and happy) while attention was constrained (afraid, hostility, and nose-width ratings) or unconstrained (passive viewing). RESULTS Left and right amygdala activation differed as a function of diagnosis, facial expression, and attention condition both when patients with comorbid MDD and anxiety were included and when they were excluded (group x emotion x attention interactions, P < or = .03). Focusing on fearful face-viewing events, patients with anxiety and those with MDD both differed in amygdala responses from healthy participants and from each other during passive viewing. However, both MDD and anxiety groups, relative to healthy participants, exhibited similar signs of amygdala hyperactivation to fearful faces when subjectively experienced fear was rated. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent MDD and anxiety disorders exhibit common and distinct functional neural correlates during face processing. Attention modulates the degree to which common or distinct amygdala perturbations manifest in these patient groups, relative to healthy peers.
Current Version : July 25 , 1999 CRITICAL VALUES FOR COINTEGRATION TESTS IN HETEROGENEOUS PANELS WITH MULTIPLE REGRESSORS *

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract: Asymptotic distributions and critical values are computed for several residual based tests of the null of no cointegration in panels for the case of multiple regressors, including regressions with individual specific fixed effects and time trends. The associated cointegrating vectors and the dynamics of the underlying error processes are permitted considerable heterogeneity across individual members of the panel. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------