Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The top-cited systematic reviews/meta-analyses in tuberculosis research

Background: The top-cited systematic reviews/meta-analyses in tuberculosis research have not been identified. The objective of this study was to identify the 100 top-cited systematic reviews/meta-analyses in tuberculosis research, and to understand factors resulting in highly cited works, and establish trends in systematic reviews/meta-analyses in tuberculosis research. Methods: The Web of Science Core Collection was searched for systematic reviews/meta-analyses on tuberculosis up to January 31, 2016. Articles were ranked by citation count and screened by 2 authors. The following information was collected and analyzed from each included study: citation of Web of Science Core Collection, author, country, year, journal, institution, page number, and reference number. Results: The 100 top-cited studies were cited from 54 to 662 times and were published between 1997 and 2014. Ten authors have more than 1 study as the first author and 10 authors have more than 1 study as corresponding author. The country with the most top-cited studies was USA (n = 26). The institutions with the largest number of the studies were McGill University in Canada (n = 18). The studies were published in 32 journals, whereas 12 were published in PloS Medicine, followed by Lancet Infectious Diseases (n = 11). Conclusions: Developed countries and high-impact journals may publish more top-cited systematic review/meta-analysis in tuberculosis research.
Role of overweight and obesity in low back disorders among men: a longitudinal study with a life course approach

Objectives To assess the association between being overweight or obese with low back pain (LBP) and clinically defined low back disorders across the life course. Design A longitudinal and cross-sectional study. Setting A nationwide health survey supplemented with data from records of prior compulsory military service. Participants Premilitary health records (baseline) were searched for men aged 30–50 years (n=1385) who participated in a national health examination survey (follow-up). Methods and outcome measures Height and weight were measured at baseline and follow-up, and waist circumference at follow-up. Weight at the ages of 20, 30, 40 and 50 years were ascertained, when applicable. Repeated measures of weight were used to calculate age-standardised mean body mass index (BMI) across the life course. The symptom-based outcome measures at follow-up included prevalence of non-specific and radiating LBP during the previous 30 days. The clinically defined outcome measures included chronic low back syndrome and sciatica. Results Baseline BMI (20 years) predicted radiating LBP in adulthood, with the prevalence ratio (PR) being 1.26 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.46) for one SD (3.0 kg/m2) increase in BMI. Life course BMI was associated with radiating LBP (PR=1.23; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.48 per 1 unit increment in Z score, corresponding to 2.9 kg/m2). The development of obesity during follow-up increased the risk of radiating LBP (PR=1.91, 95% CI 1.03 to 3.53). Both general and abdominal obesity (defined as waist-to-height ratio) were associated with radiating LBP (OR=1.64, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.65 and 1.44, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.04). No associations were seen for non-specific LBP. Conclusions Our findings imply that being overweight or obese in early adulthood as well as during the life course increases the risk of radiating but not non-specific LBP among men. Taking into account the current global obesity epidemic, emphasis should be placed on preventive measures starting at youth and, also, measures for preventing further weight gain during the life course should be implemented.
Using Dirichlet priors to improve model parameter plausibility

Student modeling is a widely used approach to make inference about a student's attributes like knowledge, learning, etc. If we wish to use these models to analyze and better understand student learning there are two problems. First, a model's ability to predict student performance is at best weakly related to the accuracy of any one of its parameters. Second, a commonly used student modeling technique, knowledge tracing, suffers from having multiple sets of parameters providing equally good model fits. Furthermore, common methods for estimating parameters, including conjugate gradient descent and expectation maximization, suffer from finding local maxima that are heavily dependent on their starting values. We propose a technique that estimates Dirichlet priors directly from the data, and show that using those priors produces model parameters that provide a more plausible picture of student knowledge. Although plausibility is difficult to quantify, we employed external measures to show the parameter estimates were indeed improved, even if our model did not predict student behavior any more accurately.
Botai and the Origins of Horse Domestication

Abstract This paper explores some issues related to the origins of horse domestication. First, it focuses on methodological problems relevant to existing work. Then, ethnoarchaeological and archaeozoological methods are used to provide an alternative approach to the subject. Ethnological, ethological, and archaeological data are used to construct a series of population structure models illustrating a range of human–horse relationships. Analysis of assemblages from the Eneolithic sites of Botai (northern Kazakhstan) and Dereivka (Ukraine) suggests that horses at these sites were obtained largely by hunting.
Mixed Arterial and Venous Thromboembolism in a Person with HIV Infection

People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are more susceptible to thromboembolic events. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs frequently in HIV infected persons but arterial thrombosis has only rarely been reported. We describe a case of a person with HIV infection who developed an arterial thrombosis and 3 months later an extensive VTE. Several non-HIV and HIV related thrombogenic factors were identified.
Introduction to Auctions: Theory and Practice

Governments use them to sell everything from oilfields to pollution permits, and to privatize companies; consumers rely on them to buy baseball tickets and hotel rooms, and economic theorists employ them to explain booms and busts. Auctions make up many of the world's most important markets; and this book describes how auction theory has also become an invaluable tool for understanding economics. Auctions: Theory and Practice provides a non-technical introduction to auction theory, and emphasises its practical application. Although there are many extremely successful auction markets, there have also been some notable fiascos, and Klemperer provides many examples. He discusses the successes and failures of the one-hundred-billion dollar "third-generation" mobile-phone license auctions; he, jointly with Ken Binmore, designed the first of these. Klemperer also demonstrates the surprising power of auction theory to explain seemingly unconnected issues such as the intensity of different forms of industrial competition, the costs of litigation, and even stock trading 'frenzies' and financial crashes. Engagingly written, the book makes the subject exciting not only to economics students but to anyone interested in auctions and their role in economics.
Uterine natural killer cells and angiogenesis in recurrent reproductive failure.

BACKGROUND Increased numbers of phenotypically unusual CD56(bright) CD16- uterine natural killer (uNK) cells have been associated with recurrent reproductive failure. uNK cells produce angiogenic growth factors and are potential regulators of decidual angiogenesis in early pregnancy. The final common mechanism for early pregnancy loss is thought to be early onset of the maternal circulation and excessive placental oxidative stress. We tested the hypothesis that increased uNK cells in preimplantation endometrium are associated with altered angiogenesis. METHODS Women with recurrent reproductive failure (n = 122) were investigated with uterine artery Doppler and endometrial biopsy. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify uNK, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells and image analysis was used to assess location, density and differentiation. RESULTS uNK cell density was positively correlated with the formation of blood (P = 0.005, r = 0.5) and lymphatic vessels (P = 0.0001, r = 0.6), spiral arteriole smooth muscle differentiation (P = 0.01, r = 0.5) and endometrial oedema (P = 0.004). The functional effect of this was a reduced uterine artery resistance to blood flow. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that uNK cells may regulate angiogenesis in non-pregnant endometrium. The mechanisms of reproductive failure associated with increased uNK cell density appear to be increased angiogenesis and peri-implantation blood flow, which may lead to early maternal circulation and hence pregnancy failure due to excessive oxidative stress.
A survey and taxonomy of on-chip monitoring of multicore systems-on-chip

Billion transistor systems-on-chip increasingly require dynamic management of their hardware components and careful coordination of the tasks that they carry out. Diverse real-time monitoring functions assist towards this objective through the collection of important system metrics, such as throughput of processing elements, communication latency, or resource utilization for each application. The online evaluation of these metrics can result in localized or global decisions that attempt to improve aspects of system behavior, system performance, quality-of-service, power and thermal effects under nominal conditions. This work provides a comprehensive categorization of monitoring approaches used in multiprocessor SoCs. As adaptive systems are encountered in many disciplines, it is imperative to present the prominent research efforts in developing online monitoring methods. To this end we offer a taxonomy that groups strongly related techniques that designers increasingly use to produce more efficient and adaptive chips. The provided classification helps to understand and compare architectural mechanisms that can be used in systems, while one can envisage the innovations required to build real adaptive and intelligent systems-on-chip.
A Review of the Concept of Intercultural Sensitivity

The development of a "global village" strongly demands the ability of intercultural sensitivity between people for survival in the 21st century. Due to current lack of study on the subject, this paper aims to: (1) provide a conceptualization of intercultural sensitivity; (2) specify the role intercultural sensitivity plays in intercultural training programs; (3) delineate the components of intercultural sensitivity; and (4) critique and suggest directions for future study in this line of research. As a result, a working definition of intercultural sensitivity is generated. The components of intercultural sensitivity examined include: self-esteem, self-monitoring, open-mindedness, empathy, interaction involvement, and non-judgment. In addition, the paper discusses confusion among intercultural awareness, intercultural sensitivity, and intercultural competence and suggests future directions for research in intercultural sensitivity. Contains 72 references.
Reviewing Security and Privacy Aspects in Combined Mobile Information System (CMIS) for health care systems

Medical area has been benefited by the use of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in recent days. CMIS (Combined Mobile Information System), our proposed model system, is such a system targeted for health care system. IMIS (Integrated Mobile Information System), a system for diabetic healthcare, which is being developed in Blekinge Institute of Technology will be taken as a case study for our proposed system. CMIS is a multi-role system with core service being medical-care related and others like self-monitoring, journal-writing, communicating with fellow patients, relatives, etc. The main reason for not using CMIS could be the security and privacy of the users' information. Any system connected to Internet is always prone to attack, and we think CMIS is no exception. The security and privacy is even more important considering the legal and ethical issues of the sensitive medical data. The CMIS system can be accessed through PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), smart phones or computer via Internet using GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)/UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) and wired-communication respectively. On the other hand, it also increases the burden for security and privacy, related to the use of such communications. This thesis discusses various security and privacy issues arising from the use of mobile communication and wired communication in context of CMIS i.e., issues related to GPRS (mobile) and web application (using wired communication). Along with the threats and vulnerabilities, possible countermeasures are also discussed. This thesis also discusses the prospect of using MP2P (Mobile Peer-to-Peer) as a service for some services (for example, instant messaging system between patients) in CMIS. However, our main concern is to study MP2P feasibility with prospect to privacy. In this thesis, we have tried to identify various security and privacy threats and vulnerabilities CMIS could face, security services required to be achieved and countermeasure against those threats and vulnerabilities. In order to accomplish the goal, a literature survey was carried out to find potential vulnerabilities and threats and their solution for our proposed system. We found out that XSS (cross-site scripting), SQL injection and DoS attack being common for a web application. We also found that attack against mobile communication is relatively complex thus difficult to materialize. In short, we think that an overall planned security approach (routinely testing system for vulnerabilities, applying patches, etc) should be used to keep threats and attacks at bay.
Nonclassicality of states and measurements by breaking classical bounds on statistics

We derive exceedingly simple practical procedures revealing the quantum nature of states and measurements by the violation of classical upper bounds on the statistics of arbitrary measurements. Data analysis is minimum, and definite conclusions are obtained without evaluation of moments or any other more sophisticated procedures. These nonclassical tests are independent of other typical quantum signatures such as sub-Poissonian statistics, quadrature squeezing, or oscillatory statistics. This approach can be equally well applied to very diverse situations such as single- and two-mode fields, observables with continuous and discrete spectra, finite- and infinite-dimensional systems, and ideal and noisy measurements.
Performance Analysis Of Web Page Prediction With Markov Model, Association Rule Mining(Arm) And Association Rule Mining With Statistical Features(Arm-Sf)

Web prediction is a classification problem in which we have to predict the next set of Web pages that a user may visit based on the knowledge of the previously visited pages. Predicting user's behavior can be applied effectively in various critical applications in the internet environment.Such application has traditional tradeoffs between modeling complexity and prediction accuracy. The web usage mining techniques are used to analyze the web usage patterns for a web site. The user access log is used to fetch the user access patterns. The access patterns are used in the prediction process. Markov model and all-K th Markov model are used in Web prediction. A Markov model is proposed to alleviate the issue of scalability in the number of paths. The framework can improve the prediction time without compromising prediction accuracy. The proposed system is to compare the prediction accuracy with the markov model, ARM, ARM-SF and Boosting and Bagging model. The system improves the accuracy with scalability considerations. Finally the result will shows which would have better prediction accuracy. Keywords: Association rule mining (ARM),Association rule mining with statistical features(ARM-SF),Markov model.
Control Strategies for a Stochastic Planner

We present new algorithms for local planning over Markov decision processes. The base-level algorithm possesses several interesting features for control of computation, based on selecting computations according to their expected benefit to decision quality. The algorithms are shown to expand the agent's knowledge where the world warrants it, with appropriate responsiveness to time pressure and randomness. We then develop an introspective algorithm, using an internal representation of what computational work has already been done. This strategy extends the agent's knowledge base where warranted by the agent's world model and the agent's knowledge of the work already put into various parts of this model. It also enables the agent to act so as to take advantage of the computational savings inherent in staying in known parts of the state space. The control flexibility provided by this strategy, by incorporating natural problem-solving methods, directs computational effort towards where it's needed better than previous approaches, providing greater hopes for scalability to large domains.
Sub 10µW wake-up-receiver based indoor/outdoor asset tracking system

Localization and asset tracking are key components of the Internet of Things or the fourth industrial revolution called “Industry 4.0”. Current systems using GPS signals cannot be used indoors. Alternative systems for indoor localization exist, but they cannot be battery power with tiny batteries over multiple years. To overcome these drawbacks we propose a new localization concept based on an ultra-low-power wake-up receiver. With a power consumption of less than 10μW the tags mounted on the assets are able to operate for multiple years using tiny coin type batteries. Nevertheless, out system concept can achieve an accuracy down to the sub-meter range. This goal is reached by means of beacon based field strength localization for the indoor environment, and angle-of-arrival estimation for the outdoor environment. An additional benefit of our wake-up receiver concept is the overall low latency.
Fast wideband near-field imaging using the non-equispaced FFT with application to through-wall radar

High resolution wideband near-field imaging requires wideband signals and large array apertures. Hence, a large amount of data needs to be processed in the image formation step. The standard delay and sum beamformer scales linearly with both output size and number of measurements resulting in high computational load. We propose a novel approach for image formation reducing the numerical complexity based on the non-equispaced fast Fourier transform (NFFT). The conventional delay and sum beamforming algorithm is reformulated such that the computational efficiency of the NFFT is exploited. Experimental results from a through-the-wall radar imaging system show a good improvement of the speed whereas the introduced error is kept very low.
Interaction between the Pore and a Fast Gate of the Cardiac Sodium Channel

Permeant ions affect a fast gating process observed in human cardiac sodium channels (Townsend, C., H.A. Hartmann, and R. Horn. 1997. J. Gen. Physiol. 110:11–21). Removal of extracellular permeant ions causes a reduction of open probability at positive membrane potentials. These results suggest an intimate relationship between the ion-conducting pore and the gates of the channel. We tested this hypothesis by three sets of manipulations designed to affect the binding of cations within the pore: application of intracellular pore blockers, mutagenesis of residues known to contribute to permeation, and chemical modification of a native cysteine residue (C373) near the extracellular mouth of the pore. The coupling between extracellular permeant ions and this fast gating process is abolished both by pore blockers and by a mutation that severely affects selectivity. A more superficial pore mutation or chemical modification of C373 reduces single channel conductance while preserving both selectivity of the pore and the modulatory effects of extracellular cations. Our results demonstrate a modulatory gating role for a region deep within the pore and suggest that the structure of the permeation pathway is largely preserved when a channel is closed.
Dynamic Features Measurement and Analysis for Large-Scale Networks

Detecting and measuring the changes of temporal traffic patterns in large scale networks are crucial for effective network management. This paper presents the concept of region flow to aggregate traffic packets. Regions are defined by the IP prefix, and a region flow is a group of packets with the same source and destination region during a time interval. In this way, the number of flows can be reduced significantly and a better extraction of pivotal traffic metrics is generated. Three traffic features: source connection degree, destination connection degree and packet distribution ratio are proposed to capture the dynamic change of the flow patterns between regions and the Renyi cross entropy are applied to measure and detect the changes. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can capture the dynamic traffic features effectively for 10Gbps backbone networks, and can be used for detecting abnormal network behaviors.
The stochastic volatility in mean model: empirical evidence from international stock markets

In this paper we present an exact maximum likelihood treatment for the estimation of a Stochastic Volatility in Mean (SVM) model based on Monte Carlo simulation methods. The SVM model incorporates the unobserved volatility as an explanatory variable in the mean equation. The same extension is developed elsewhere for Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (ARCH) models, known as the ARCH in Mean (ARCH-M) model. The estimation of ARCH models is relatively easy compared with that of the Stochastic Volatility (SV) model. However, efficient Monte Carlo simulation methods for SV models have been developed to overcome some of these problems. The details of modifications required for estimating the volatility-in-mean effect are presented in this paper together with a Monte Carlo study to investigate the finite sample properties of the SVM estimators. Taking these developments of estimation methods into account, we regard SV and SVM models as practical alternatives to their ARCH counterparts and therefore it is of interest to study and compare the two classes of volatility models. We present an empirical study of the intertemporal relationship between stock index returns and their volatility for the United Kingdom, the United States and Japan. This phenomenon has been discussed in the financial economic literature but has proved hard to find empirically. We provide evidence of a negative but weak relationship between returns and contemporaneous volatility which is indirect evidence of a positive relation between the expected components of the return and the volatility process. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tree-Based Multicast in Wormhole-Routed Torus Networks

A tree-based multicast algorithm for wormhole-routed torus networks which makes use of multiple edge-disjoint spanning trees is presented. Techniques for constructing two edge-disjoint spanning trees in 2-dimensional tori are rst described and analyzed. The disjoint spanning-tree multi-cast (DSTM) algorithm which uses the two disjoint spanning trees together with an up-down routing strategy to provide deadlock-free unicast and multi-cast routing is then speciied. In contrast with single spanning tree algorithms which use non-tree links only as shortcuts, DSTM uses all but two links as (primary) tree links and, therefore, better balances network traac and resource utilization. In regard to worst-case unicast performance in a traac-free situation , we prove that the combined diameter of our dual-tree network is no greater than twice that of the torus. Furthermore, simulation results demonstrate that DSTM outperforms the best single tree approach in 2-dimensional torus networks by up to a factor of two, both for pure multicast and for combined unicast/multicast traac.