Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unrelated Donor Bone Marrow Transplants in Children

Only a small proportion of children who might benefit from bone marrow transplant (BMT) have an HLA-identical sibling. To provide this potentially curative therapy to patients without a matched related donor, marrow transplants using less well matched related donors or unrelated donors (identified through computerized donor registries) have been performed. We report the outcome of 24 consecutive unrelated donor BMT's performed on children. Eligible diagnosis included acute leukemia (AL) (n = 15), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) (n = 4), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (n = 3), and severe aplastic anemia (SAA) (n = 2). All donor/recipient pairs were sero-matched at 5 or 6 of the 6 HLA A, B, and DR antigens. Several different preparative regimens were used, but fractionated total body irradiation (TBI) was used in 20 patients. All recipients received graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) prophylaxis with cyclosporine-A (CSA), four with short course methotrexate (MTX), 14 in combination with short course MTX and methylprednisolone (MPS), and five in combination with a mouse monoclonal antibody to CD5, coupled to the A-chain of ricin (Xomazyme-65). One patient received CSA and MPS alone after a T-cell depleted marrow transplant. Twenty of 23 evaluable recipients engrafted (87%). Two patients with CML never engrafted and had autologous marrow recovery, one patient with SAA died at 128 days without evidence of engraftment, and there was one early death at day + 9. Fourteen of 20 patients (70%) with stable donor-derived hematopoiesis developed significant acute GVHD ≥ grade II). Eleven of 15 engrafted patients who survived > 100 days after BMT developed chronic GVHD (73%). Thirteen patients survive, 10 disease-free; 2 yr actuarial survival and disease-free survival are 47% and 41%, respectively. Of the 19 engrafted patients with leukemia or MDS, only three have relapsed. The actuarial relapse risk at 2 yr is 24%. Unrelated donor transplants in children are associated with an increased risk of GVHD and nonengraftment compared to matched sibling transplants. Increased donor age is significantly associated with a greater risk of acute GVHD.
Darwin's dilemma: the realities of the Cambrian ‘explosion’

The Cambrian ‘explosion’ is widely regarded as one of the fulcrum points in the history of life, yet its origins and causes remain deeply controversial. New data from the fossil record, especially of Burgess Shale-type Lagerstätten, indicate, however, that the assembly of bodyplans is not only largely a Cambrian phenomenon, but can already be documented in fair detail. This speaks against a much more ancient origin of the metazoans, and current work is doing much to reconcile the apparent discrepancies between the fossil record, including the Ediacaran assemblages of latest Neoproterozoic age and molecular ‘clocks’. Hypotheses to explain the Cambrian ‘explosion’ continue to be generated, but the recurrent confusion of cause and effect suggests that the wrong sort of question is being asked. Here I propose that despite its step-like function this evolutionary event is the inevitable consequence of Earth and biospheric change.
Cosmos 1887 mission overview: effects of microgravity on rat body and adrenal weights and plasma constituents

The Cosmos 1887 biosatellite carried 10 male rats and 2 rhesus monkeys on its 12.5‐day mission. Upon reentry the Vostok vehicle overshot the designated landing site, which resulted in fasting of the animals for 42 h, exposure to cage temperatures of 12‐15°C, and 2 days delay in death of the rats. No overt untoward effects of the delayed recovery were apparent. Tissues from the rats were harvested by Soviet scientists, appropriately preserved, and provided to U.S. investigators. Flight rats grew more slowly and had larger adrenal glands than earth gravity controls. Analysis of plasma revealed increased concentrations of hepatic alkaline phosphatase, glucose, urea nitrogen, and creatinine in flight rats. In contrast, electrolytes, total protein, albumin, corticosterone, prolactin, and immunoreactive growth hormone levels were unchanged. However, testosterone concentration was marginally decreased after flight and thyroid hormone levels were suggestive of reduced thyroid function. Due to the possible effects of reentry and the delay in recovery of the animals, it is not clear what relationship postflight levels of plasma constituents bear to their concentrations in flight. —Grindeland, R. E. ; Popova, I. A. ; Vasques, M. ; Arnaud, S. B. Cosmos 1887 mission overview: effects of microgravity on rat body and adrenal weights and plasma constituents. FASEB J. 4: 105‐109; 1990.
Comparison between automatic and manual inverse filtering procedures for healthy female voices

Indirect observations of the vocal fold vibrations can be made from the glottal airflow waveform using the non-invasive technique of inverse filtering the oral airflow. The aim was to evaluate the automatic inverse filtering program ? Inverse? , that is, a pitch-asynchronous method based on linear prediction analysis. Oral airflow was recorded with a differential pressure transducer in a Rothenberg mask. Intraoral pressure, the electroglottographic (EGG) and acoustic signals were recorded simultaneously. Seventeen healthy women produced [ba:pa:pa:pa:p] in normal, soft and loud voice. Comparisons were made between results from inverse filtering performed using a manual procedure (Glottal Enterprises System) and the automatic program ? Inverse? The glottal airflow waveform parameters peak flow, minimum flow, peak-to-peak flow, and the maximum negative flow derivative were extracted. High agreement between the two inverse filtering procedures was reflected by high correlation coefficients for each of the airfl.
Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad:comorbilidad con trastornos depresivos y de ansiedad

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: comorbidity with depressive and anxiety disorders. The study analyses the profile of comorbidity of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Depressive / Anxiety Disorders (ID), exploring the pattern that could predict this psychopathological association. A sample of 90 cases of ADHD is analysed (6-16 years). The differential investigation compares the grouping ADHD+ID with the absence of this comorbidity. ADHD was defined according to DSM-IV criteria, whereas comorbidity was defined by means of CSI. The following variables were considered: intelligent profile, academic results, relational dimension and previous psychiatric history. Descriptive and exploratory statistics were used, implementing a procedure of logistic regression.The analysis of the sample of ADHD reports alterations in the following dimensions: academic, relational, familiar and clinical. Significant differences are not appreciated between ADHD+ID and ADHD without ID. It can be concluded according to these results that there is no empirical evidence for a predicted value of ADHD+ID with the proposed pattern (p <0.05).
Identification and characterization of diadenosine 5′,5‴‐P1,P2‐diphosphate and diadenosine 5′,5‴‐P1,P3‐triphosphate in human myocardial tissue

We examined whether human cardiac tissue contains diadenosine polyphosphates and investigated their physiological role. Extracts from human cardiac tissue from transplant recipients were fractionated by size exclusion‐, affinity‐, anion exchange‐ and reversed‐phase chromatography. MALDI‐MS analysis of two absorbing fractions revealed molecular masses of 676.2 Da and 756.0 Da. The UV spectra of both fractions were identical to that of adenosine. Postsource decay MALDI mass spectrometry indicated that the molecules with a mass of 676.2 Da and 757.0 Da contained AMP and ATP, respectively. As shown by enzymatic cleavage, both molecules consist of two adenosines interconnected by either two or three phosphates in 5′‐positions of the riboses. Two substances can be identified as 5′,5‴‐P1,P2‐diphosphate (Ap2A) and 5′,5‴‐P1,P3‐triphosphate (Ap3A). Ap2A and Ap3A, together with ATP and ADP, are stored in myocardial‐specific granules in biologically active concentrations. In the isolated perfused rat heart, Ap2A and Ap3A caused dose‐dependent coronary vasodilations. In myocardial preparations, Ap2A and Ap3A attenuated the effect of isoproterenol, exerting a negative inotropic effect. The calcium current of guinea pig ventricular myocytes, stimulated by isoproterenol, was also attenuated by Ap2A and Ap3A. The presence of Ap2A and Ap3A in cardiac‐specific granules and the actions of these substances on the myocardium and coronary vessels indicate a role for these substances as endogenous modulators of myocardial functions and coronary perfusion. —Luo, J., Jankowski, J., Knobloch, M. , van der Giet, M. , Gardanis, K. , Russ, T. , Vahlensieck, U. , Neumann, J., Schmitz, W. , Tepel, M. , Deng, M. C. , Zidek, W. , Schlüter, H. Identification and characterization of diadenosine 5′,5‴‐P1,P2‐diphosphate and diadenosine 5′,5‴‐P1,P3‐triphosphate in human myocardial tissue. FASEB J. 13, 695–705 (1999)
WHAT DO TURKISH ADULTS ATTRIBUTE THEIR HAPPINESS AND UNHAPPINESS TO IN DAILY LIFE? Yetişkinlerin Günlük Yaşamlarinda Mutluluk ve Mutsuzluk Nedenleri

Oz Bu calisma, yetiskinlerin gunluk yasamda mutluluk ve mutsuzluk nedenlerine yonelik yuklemelerini ve de gunun belirli zaman dilimlerine gore onlarin mutluluk durumlarinin degisip degismedigini belirlemek amaciyla gerceklestirilmistir. Calismaya 28-65 yaslari arasinda 31 kadin ve 37 erkek olmak uzere toplam 68 yetiskin katilmistir. Calismada dogal deneyim ornekleme yontemi kullanilmistir. Veriler, dogal deneyim ornekleme formu ve kisisel bilgi formu araciligi ile toplanmistir. Calismada veriler, cumle bazinda icerik analizi teknigi ile analiz edilmistir. Analiz sonuclarina gore yetiskinlerin evde, ev disinda ve is yerinde olmak uzere mutluluk ve mutsuzluk nedenlerinin farklilastigi bulunmustur. Ayrica, gunun dilimlerine gore yetiskinlerin mutluluk ve mutsuzluk durumlarinin da farklilastigi bulunmustur. Abstract The present study aims to focus on what Turkish adults attribute their happiness and unhappiness to in their daily lives, and whether the frequency of the cases of happiness and unhappiness does vary depending on certain periods of the day. 68 adults participated in this study. The method was experience sampling method. One experience sampling data form and one personal information form were used. The sentence-based content analysis method was used. The results revealed that causes of the happiness and unhappiness of Turkish adults seem to vary conditional on three physical contexts, and the ratio of happiness was much higher than that of 1 Doc. Dr.; Osmangazi Universitesi, Egitim Fakultesi, Egitim Bilimleri Bolumu, Eskisehir,
Homophobia and Heterosexism in Public School Reform: Constructions of Gender and Sexuality in California's Single Gender Academies

This article examines heterosexist assumptions and the role of homophobia in students' experiences in California's public "Single Gender Academies," in an effort to include issues of sexuality in current discourses on adolescent gender identity and public school reform. Interviews with students, conducted as part of the most comprehensive research on public single-sex schooling in the U.S. to date, reveal a critical link between students' notions of sexuality and definitions of masculinity and femininity. Alongside dichotomous, static notions of gender, the ideology and structure of the Single Gender Academies largely promoted heterosexist assumptions of students' sexuality. Such assumptions pervaded school policies and practices as well as peer relations and students' sense of gender identity. Students, in turn, both actively constructed and resisted a theory of gender which framed boys and girls in opposition and promoted heterosexuality as the norm. This article provides an analysis of homophobia among students and the influence of academy assumptions on students' attitudes. Such a focus allows for an investigation of gender and sexuality at both individual and institutional levels. While the research is based on data collected at public single-sex schools, the findings provide insight into students' articulations of gender and sexuality across a variety of school contexts.
Impact of antenatal diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome on the clinical presentation and surgical outcomes: The Australian experience

Aim: Antenatal diagnosis of severe congenital heart disease enables planning of perinatal care of affected infants. Congenital heart surgery is highly centralised in Australia, and surgery for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) currently takes place at a single institution, in order to ensure case volume. The study aims to review the impact of antenatal diagnosis on the early clinical course of infants with HLHS in Australia.
Application of the Topological Gradient Method to Color Image Restoration

The aim of this paper is to generalize to color images the topological gradient method for the restoration problem. First, we consider a simple extension from grey-level to color images, by considering a channel by channel method. Then, as there should be some coupling between the different channels, we propose considering a tensorial approach: the Di Zenzo gradient. We derive an asymptotic expansion of this gradient with respect to the insertion of a small crack in the image, and we propose a new algorithm based on the topological gradient for the color image restoration problem. Finally, we illustrate these two approaches with numerical results.
Influence of Cavity Loss Upon Performance of Q-Switched Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser

Performance of an actively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser in function of intracavity loss is discussed. We show experimentally and theoretically (employing a distributed model that takes into account two contra-propagating laser waves) that the laser performance strongly depends on the intracavity loss of different kinds. We reveal in particular that the dominant source of smaller than expected pulse energy is the loss via excited-state absorption, inherent in erbium-doped fibers. We also discuss the other important processes involved in active Q-switching, such as passive losses and residual active fiber charge, the impact of which is clarified by a straightforward comparison of the modeling versus experiment.
The Role of Imaging in Radiation Therapy Planning: Past, Present, and Future

The use of ionizing radiation for cancer treatment has undergone extraordinary development during the past hundred years. The advancement of medical imaging has been critical in helping to achieve this change. The invention of computed tomography (CT) was pivotal in the development of treatment planning. Despite some disadvantages, CT remains the only three-dimensional imaging modality used for dose calculation. Newer image modalities, such as magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and positron emission tomography (PET), are also used secondarily in the treatment-planning process. MR, with its better tissue contrast and resolution than those of CT, improves tumor definition compared with CT planning alone. PET also provides metabolic information to supplement the CT and MR anatomical information. With emerging molecular imaging techniques, the ability to visualize and characterize tumors with regard to their metabolic profile, active pathways, and genetic markers, both across different tumors and within individual, heterogeneous tumors, will inform clinicians regarding the treatment options most likely to benefit a patient and to detect at the earliest time possible if and where a chosen therapy is working. In the post-human-genome era, multimodality scanners such as PET/CT and PET/MR will provide optimal tumor targeting information.
The Intergenerational Transmission of Gender Role Attitudes

Using a sample of mother-child pairs from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) and the Young Adults of the NLSY79 we explore the relationship between a woman’s attitudes towards traditional gender roles and those of her children. We also examine whether this intergenerational cultural link has implications for the labor market behavior of the daughters of these women and the wives of these women’s sons. Our empirical results are quite remarkable. We …nd that a mother’s attitudes have a statistically
A EFETIVIDADE DAS AÇÕES PARA PROMOVER O EMPREENDEDORISMO: O CASO DA FEEVALE

For some time, studies indicate the contribution of entrepreneurship to regional development. Based on this assumption, educational institutions and governments promote initiatives to the development of personal entrepreneurial characteristics. Nevertheless, researches disagree on the concept of entrepreneur and its characteristics, as well as on methods to measure the efficacy of initiatives to promote it, while ignoring the role of the family on their models.
A practical reappraisal of the anatomy of the extrahepatic bile ducts and arteries

Two hundred and five dissections of the extrahepatic biliary tree have revealed that although the anatomy of this area is remarkably variable there are only three important vascular and five important ductal anomalies (the former occurring much more frequently than the latter). Each anomaly is, however, easily recognized at operation. A higher incidence of anatomical anomalies was found in patients with gallstones compared with those without and in women than in men, and there was a remarkably low incidence of accessory hepatic ducts overall. The significance and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Warrington and Taylor's 1978 Paper

One of the most fundamental questions in cognitive neuroscience is to understand how the brain constructs our three-dimensional visual world from two-dimensional retinal signals of light and dark intensity. At the time this paper was written, the seminal work of Sperry and his colleagues studying patients who had undergone sections of the corpus callosum was most influential (Gazzaniga et al 1962; Sperry et al 1969). They reported that visual object recognition up to the level of functional significance or meaning was intact in the disconnected right hemisphere, merely the verbal label could not be retrieved. Consequently, at that time current theorising tended to conflate perceptual processing and semantic processing to a single post-sensory categorical stage such that object recognition was achieved by a single system (eg Sutherland 1968, 1973; Tenenbaum and Barrow 1976).
A 0.13-μm HBT divide-by-6 injection-locked frequency divider

The design and analysis of a D-band divide-by-6 injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) are presented. The circuit employs a microstrip Lange coupler, a microstrip delay line, and a pair of Cascode transistors to form a feedback loop with a center natural frequency of 24GHz to achieve a divide-by-6 frequency division operation. The proposed ILFD is fabricated in a 0. 13μm SiGe HBT technology and occupies a silicon arngea of 0.7×0.9mm2. The developed chip shows frequency-division locking range from 135GHz to 150.2GHz with 2dBm input signal while consuming 5.25mW to 14.4mW including the output buffer amplifier. A phase noise of −121.58dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset is achieved at 150.2GHz.
Coevolutionary Structure-Redesigned-Based Bacterial Foraging Optimization

This paper presents a Coevolutionary Structure-Redesigned-Based Bacteria Foraging Optimization (CSRBFO) based on the natural phenomenon that most living creatures tend to cooperate with each other so as to fulfill tasks more effectively. Aiming at lowering computational complexity while maintaining the critical search capability of standard bacterial foraging optimization (BFO), we employ a general loop to replace the nested loop and eliminate the reproduction step of BFO. Hence, the proposed CSRBFO only consists of two main steps: (1) chemotaxis and (2) elimination & dispersal. A coevolutionary strategy by which all bacteria can learn from each other and search for optima cooperatively is incorporated into the chemotactic step to accelerate convergence and facilitate accurate search. In the elimination & dispersal step, the three-stage evolutionary strategy with different learning methods for maintaining diversity is studied. An evaluation of the convergence status is then added to determine whether bacteria should move on to the next stage or not. The combination of coevolutionary strategy and convergence status evaluation is expected to balance exploration and exploitation. Experimental results comparing seven well-known heuristic algorithms on 24 benchmark functions demonstrate that the proposed CSRBFO outperforms the comparison algorithms significantly in most of the cases.
Gender Differences in Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol Related Outcomes: An Empirical Review

The present empirical review focuses on the gender differences of alcohol consumption and the course of alcohol related outcomes. As epidemiological findings indicate alcohol use and abuse is much higher in males than females. However, there is a “paradox”, women start consuming alcohol much later in life and develop faster adverse alcohol related outcomes than men. Several research findings support this tendency for general pathology and also for brain structure alterations. The purpose of the present study is to give an insight about the course and the outcome of alcohol abuse between genders, by presenting empirical research findings of earlier research (1980s-1990s), and more up to date research (2000s), with the main focus the brain morphological alterations.
Feature Based Image Classification in Compressed and Uncompressed Domains

A boiler pipe assembly tool that has separate one-piece gripping jaws engaged with the pipe sections or tubes to be connected, an operating lever and short flexible chains connecting the lever and jaws to move adjacent ends of the tube sections into aligned relation and into engagement with an interposed chill ring used to provide resistance necessary to allow the tool to function in the alignment of and welding of the tube sections. The separate gripping jaws include a structure enabling the point of connection of the chains to be adjusted thereby varying the force moment arm on each jaw.
Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Effects of Mother Tongue-Based Education on Reading Skills and Early Labour Market Outcomes

Prior to the introduction of mother tongue based education in 1994, the language of instruction for most subjects in Ethiopia's primary schools was the official language (Amharic) - the mother tongue of only one third of the population. This paper uses the variation in individual's exposure to the policy change across birth cohorts and mother tongues to estimate the effects of language of instruction on reading skills and early labour market outcomes. The results indicate that the reading skills of birth cohorts that gained access to mother tongue-based primary education after 1994 improved significantly by about 11 percentage points. The provision of primary education in mother tongue halved the reading skills gap between Amharic and non-Amharic mother tongue users. The improved reading skills seem to translate into gains in the labour market in terms of the skill contents of jobs held and the type of payment individuals receive for their work. An increase in school enrollment and enhanced parental educational investment at home are identified as potential channels linking mother tongue instruction and an improvement in reading skills.