Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INBREEDING: ITS EFFECT ON RESPONSE TO SELECTION FOR PUPAL WEIGHT AND THE HERITABLE VARIANCE IN FITNESS IN THE FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM

We report our studies of the effect of inbreeding on the response to selection for increased pupal weight in the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. We also report the effects of inbreeding and selection for pupal weight on the heritable variation in fitness and fitness components. We created replicate and independent inbred lines with F‐values of 0.00, 0.375, and 0.672, by 0, 2, and 5 generations, respectively, of brother‐sister mating of adult beetles from an outbred stock population. Subsequently, we imposed artificial within‐family selection for increased pupal weight in each of 15 inbred lines for eight generations; each line had its own paired, unselected control. We compared the response to selection across the three levels of inbreeding with theoretical expectation, and investigated the effects of inbreeding and selection on fitness variation among families within all 30 selected and control lines. Among‐line variation in pupal weight increased with increased inbreeding prior to selection but diminished with directional selection. Inbreeding reduced the realized heritability of pupal weight concordant with quantitative predictions of additive theory. Mean fitness, measured in several ways, declined with inbreeding and declined further with selection. In contrast, the genetic variation for fitness in the inbred and selected lines lines equalled or exceeded that of the outbred controls. Our results suggest that inbreeding and selection may affect traits in different ways depending on the relative amounts of additive and nonadditive genetic variation.
Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm based Multi-Objective Optimization for Shortest Path Routing Problem in Computer Networks

Problem statement: A new multi-objective approach, Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA), is presented in this paper to solve the shortest path routing problem. The routing problem is formulated as a multi-objective mathematical programming problem which attempts to minimize both cost and delay objectives simultaneously. Approach: SPEA handles the shortest path routing problem as a true multi-objective optimization problem with competing and noncommensurable objectives. Results: SPEA combines several features of previous multi-objective evolutionary algorithms in a unique manner. SPEA stores nondominated solutions externally in another continuously-updated population and uses a hierarchical clustering algorithm to provide the decision maker with a manageable pareto-optimal set. SPEA is applied to a 20 node network as well as to large size networks ranging from 50-200 nodes. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach to generate true and well distributed pareto-optimal nondominated solutions.
OPTIMAL UNDER VOLTAGE LOAD SHEDDING TO PREVENT FREQUENCY INSTABILITY WITH CONSIDERING LOAD INTERRUPTION COST

In this study, a static method which makes best load shedding scheme to reach a maximum voltage security margin, prevent voltage instability and emendation of power system frequency during generation unit outage is developed. Minimization of total load interruption cost with considering frequency emendation constraint, Voltage security margin, and alleviating transmission line over loadings have great significance in fitness function to reach a coordinated load shedding pattern. In this paper, Load interruption cost has been modeled as a quadratic function and frequency constraint modeled based on extra load must be shed caused by generator outage contingencies in under study power system. HGAPSO and PSO are used as optimization tools for solving mentioned problem during contingency conditions. The proposed approach is carried out on IEEE 14 and 30 bus test systems and results are discussed.
A novel featureless approach to mass detection in digital mammograms based on support vector machines

In this work, we present a novel approach to mass detection in digital mammograms. The great variability of the appearance of masses is the main obstacle to building a mass detection method. It is indeed demanding to characterize all the varieties of masses with a reduced set of features. Hence, in our approach we have chosen not to extract any feature, for the detection of the region of interest; in contrast, we exploit all the information available on the image. A multiresolution overcomplete wavelet representation is performed, in order to codify the image with redundancy of information. The vectors of the very-large space obtained are then provided to a first support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The detection task is considered here as a two-class pattern recognition problem: crops are classified as suspect or not, by using this SVM classifier. False candidates are eliminated with a second cascaded SVM. To further reduce the number of false positives, an ensemble of experts is applied: the final suspect regions are achieved by using a voting strategy. The sensitivity of the presented system is nearly 80% with a false-positive rate of 1.1 marks per image, estimated on images coming from the USF DDSM database.
Heat Insulation Analysis of an Aluminum Honeycomb Sandwich Structure

Heat-transfer has been performed on a sandwich thermal protection system (TPS) for future flight vehicles. The sandwich structures are built from thin walled metal sheets. These structures as a part of the airframe outer cover provide thermal protection to the interior parts mounted inside the vehicle. The temperature protection materials used for sandwich structures should have high strength even at the elevated temperatures. It is easier to simulate the 1500 C (after 1500 C material properties are changed) temperature on the Aluminium sandwich structures and find the temperature gradient across the sandwich depth. Though the experiment was done on hexagonal cells honeycomb, the ANSYS analyses have been done for both square cell’s sandwich panel and hexagonal honeycomb panel for comparison. Experiments are done on using Al alloy honeycomb sandwich panels and the validations of experimental work using ANSYS analysis have been performed. ANSYS modeling, analysis has been done for both, the square and hexagonal honeycomb sandwich panels of the Al alloy. This paper focuses on the heat transfer analysis and in exploring the ways to reduce the heat transfer effect with the methods mentioned above, which could be effectively used for flight vehicle applications
Activity on the Sextupole Round Coil Superferric Magnet Prototype at LASA

The LASA Laboratory (INFN, Milan, Italy) is developing an unconventional type of superferric magnets suitable to arbitrary multipole order, which we refer to as round coil superferric magnets. This type of magnet is suitable for strain-sensitive superconductors because it uses round coils with large bending radius to create the magnetic field, while the round yoke with arbitrary multipoles is able to create the desired harmonic component for the magnet. The electromagnetic design of such magnet in sextupole configuration has been already presented. In this paper, we present the progresses in the construction of the prototype, the results of the test of the first coil produced at LASA with the MgB$_{2}$ conductor, and the detailed design of the mechanical structure. This activity is part of a collaboration between INFN and CERN in the high luminosity LHC program.
Effects of granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells (regramostim), Escherichia coli (molgramostim) and yeast (sargramostim) on priming peripheral blood progenitor cells for use with autologous bone marrow after high‐dose chemotherapy

Abstract: Peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) were collected without prior association with chemotherapy but after the administration of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO‐GM, regramostim), Escherichia coli (E. coli‐GM, molgramostim), or yeast (Yeast‐GM, sargramostim) and used in conjunction with autologous bone marrow after high‐dose chemotherapy in 69 patients with breast cancer or melanoma. The mean peripheral white blood cell (WBC) counts increased by 2.2 to 2.7‐fold after regramostim, 4.5 to 7.3‐fold after molgramostim and 4.3‐fold after sargramostim. All patients underwent three leukaphereses. The mean (± standard error) total nucleated pheresed cells per kg × 108 were 4.15 ± 0.56, 15.10 ± 1.77 and 7.24 ± 1.00 for patients receiving regramostim, molgramostim or sargramostim respectively. The mean (± standard error) granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐forming units per kg × 104 mobilized into the PB were 8.75 ± 3.63, 71.03 ± 17.85, and 65.11 ± 18.74 for patients receiving regramostim, molgramostim, or sargramostim respectively. The total mean (± standard error) CD34+ cells per kg × 107 collected by three leukaphereses were 3.28 ± 1.62, 1.34 ± 0.51 and 2.57 ± 1.93, for patients receiving regramostim, molgramostim or sargramostim respectively. The use of either molgramostim‐ or sargramostim‐primed PBPCs led to complete elimination of absolute leukopenia with a WBC count under 100/mm3 in 64% and 77% of patients treated, respectively. Patients receiving molgramostim‐primed PBPCs required fewer red blood cells transfusions than patients receiving regramostim‐primed PBPCs (p = 0.0062). Our data indicate that PBPCs collected without prior association with chemotherapy but after either molgramostim or sargramostim with autologous bone marrow support and GM‐CSF shorten the hematopoietic recovery after myeloablative chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer or melanoma.
VALUING PREFERENCES OVER STORMWATER MANAGEMENT OUTCOMES GIVEN STATE-DEPENDENT PREFERENCES AND HETEROGENEOUS STATUS QUO

Stormwater runoff causes environmental problems such as flooding, soil erosion and water pollution. Conventional stormwater management has focused primarily on flood reduction, while a new generation of decentralized stormwater solutions yields ancillary benefits in the form of improved surface water quality and increased groundwater recharge. Previous research has estimated values for flood reduction from stormwater management, but no estimates exist for the willingness to pay for some of the other benefits of alternative approaches to stormwater control. This paper uses a choice-experiment survey of households in Champaign-Urbana, Illinois to estimate the values of multiple attributes of stormwater management outcomes, and to identify households’ willingness to pay for different attributes of stormwater management controls. Results show that people are willing to pay not only for reduction of flooding frequency, especially basement flooding, but also for improved environmental quality. Furthermore, an individual’s values depend on the status quo condition that they experience.
Climate Change in the Cenozoic as Seen in Deep Sea Sediments

CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE CENOZOIC AS SEEN IN DEEP SEA SEDIMENTS AMSTERDAM LECTURES MARCH 2011 EXCERPTS data from Zachos et al., 2001 [ODP] from Berger, 2011 Wolf Berger, Ph.D., Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego
WATER QUALITY CO-EFFECTS OF GREENHOUSE GAS

10 Abstract. This study develops first-order estimates of water quality co-effects of terrestrial green­ 11 house gas (GHG) emission offset strategies in U.S. agriculture by linking a national level agricultural 12 sector model (ASMGHG) to a national level water quality model (NWPCAM). The simulated policy 13 scenario considers GHG mitigation incentive payments of $25 and $50 per tonne, carbon equivalent 14 to landowners for reducing emissions or enhancing the sequestration of GHG through agricultural 15 and land-use practices. ASMGHG projects that these GHG price incentives could induce widespread 16 conversion of agricultural to forested lands, along with alteration of tillage practices, crop mix on land 17 remaining in agriculture, and livestock management. This study focuses on changes in cropland use 18 and management. The results indicate that through agricultural cropland about 60 to 70 million tonnes 19 of carbon equivalent (MMTCE) emissions can be mitigated annually in the U.S. These responses also 20 lead to a 2% increase in aggregate national water quality, with substantial variation across regions. 21 Such GHG mitigation activities are found to reduce annual nitrogen loadings into the Gulf of Mexico 22 by up to one half of the reduction goals established by the national Watershed Nutrient Task Force 23 for addressing the hypoxia problem.
KLRfome - Kernel Logistic Regression on Focal Mean Embeddings

KLRfome is a package for predicting a geographic area’s relative sensitivity for the presence of archaeological sites. This is achieved by fitting, predicting, and visualizing a Kernel Logistic Regression model on mean feature embeddings. This regression algorithm and package are created to improve upon the current methods in archaeological predictive modeling. These improvements include 1) modeling rich descriptions of archaeological land forms by mitigating undesirable spatial correlation between samples, 2) explicitly modeling the similarity between archaeological sites as characterized by rich features, 3) the ability to define research specific similarity measures, and 4) focal window prediction that can be modified based on theory or management goals.
A Restricted SVD Type CUR Decomposition for Matrix Triplets

We present a new restricted SVD-based CUR (RSVD-CUR) factorization for matrix triplets $(A, B, G)$ that aims to extract meaningful information by providing a low-rank approximation of the three matrices using a subset of their rows and columns. The proposed method utilizes the discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM) to select the subset of rows and columns from the orthogonal and nonsingular matrices obtained through a restricted singular value decomposition of the matrix triplet. We explore the relationships between a DEIM type RSVD-CUR factorization, a DEIM type CUR factorization, and a DEIM type generalized CUR decomposition, and provide an error analysis that establishes the accuracy of the RSVD-CUR decomposition within a factor of the approximation error of the restricted singular value decomposition of the given matrices. The RSVD-CUR factorization can be used in applications that require approximating one data matrix relative to two other given matrices. We discuss two such applications, namely multi-view dimension reduction and data perturbation problems where a correlated noise matrix is added to the input data matrix. Our numerical experiments demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method over the standard CUR approximation in these scenarios.
Inhibitory control and its modification in spider phobia – Study protocol for an antisaccade training trial

Objectives Inhibitory control deficits are considered a key pathogenic factor in anxiety disorders. To assess inhibitory control, the antisaccade task is a well-established measure that assesses antisaccade performance via latencies and error rates. The present study follows three aims: (1) to investigate inhibitory control via antisaccade latencies and errors in an antisaccade task, and their associations with multiple measures of fear in patients with spider phobia (SP) versus healthy controls (HC), (2) to investigate the modifiability of antisaccade performance via a fear-specific antisaccade training in patients with SP and HC, and (3) to explore associations between putative training-induced changes in antisaccade performance in SPs and changes in diverse measures of fear. Methods Towards aim 1, we assess antisaccade latencies (primary outcome) and error rates (secondary outcome) in an emotional antisaccade task. Further, the baseline assessment includes assessments of psychophysiological, behavioral, and psychometric indices of fear in patients with SP and HCs. To address aim 2, we compare effects of a fear-specific antisaccade training with effects of a prosaccade training as a control condition. The primary and secondary outcomes are reassessed at a post-1-assessment in both SPs and HCs. Aim 3 employs a cross-over design and is piloted in patients with SP, only. Towards this aim, primary and secondary outcomes, as well as psychophysiological, behavioral, and psychometric measures of fear are reassessed at a post-2-assessment after the second training block. Conclusion This study aims to better understand inhibitory control processes and their modifiability in spider phobia. If successful, antisaccade training may assist in the treatment of specific phobia by directly targeting the putative underlying inhibitory control deficits. This study has been preregistered with ISRCTN (ID: ISRCTN12918583) on 28th February 2022.
CircWaveNet: A New Conventional Neural Network Based on Combination of Circlets and Wavelets for Macular OCT Classification

Computer-aided systems can help the ophthalmologists in early detection of most of ocular abnormalities using retinal OCT images. The need for more accurate diagnosis increases the need for modifications and innovations to current algorithms. In this paper, we investigate the effect of different X-lets on the classification of OCT B-scans of a dataset with one normal class and two abnormal classes. Different transforms of each B-scan have been fed to the designed 2D-Convolutional-Neural-Network (2D-CNN) to extract the best-suited features. We compare the performance of them with MSVM and MLP classifiers. Comparison with the accuracy of normal and abnormal classes reveals substantially better results for normal cases using 2D-Discrete-Wavelet-Transform (2D-DWT), since the structure of most normal B-scans follows a pattern with zero-degree lines, while for abnormalities with circles appearing in the retinal structure (due to the accumulation of fluid), the circlet transform performs much better. Therefore, we combine these two X-lets and propose a new transform named CircWave which uses all sub-bands of both transformations in the form of a multi-channel-matrix, with the aim to increase the classification accuracy of normal and abnormal cases, simultaneously. We show that the classification results obtained based on CircWave transform outperform those based on the original images and each individual transform. Furthermore, the Grad-CAM class activation visualization for B-scans reconstructed from half of the CircWave sub-bands indicates a greater focus on appearing circles in abnormal cases and straight lines in normal cases at the same time, while for original B-scans the focus of the heat-map is on some irrelevant regions. To investigate the generalizability of our proposed method we have applied it also to another dataset. Using the CircWave transform, we have obtained an accuracy of 94.5% and 90% for the first and second dataset, respectively, while these values were 88% and 83% using the original images. The proposed CNN based on CircWave provides not only superior evaluation parameter values but also better interpretable results with more focus on features that are important for ophthalmologists.
International Conference on Hydroinformatics 8-1-2014 Performance Evaluation Of SMOS Soil Moisture Retrieval Parameters For Hydrological Application

Microwave remote sensing has high potential for soil moisture retrieval. However, the efficient retrieval of soil moisture depends on optimally choosing the soil moisture retrieval parameters. In this study first the initial evaluation of SMOS L2 product is performed and then four approaches regarding soil moisture retrieval from SMOS brightness temperature are reported. The radiative transfer equation based tau-omega rationale is used in this study for the soil moisture retrievals. The single channel algorithms (SCA) using H polarization is implemented with modifications, which includes the effective Land Surface Temperatures (LSTs) simulated from ECMWF (downscaled using WRF-NOAH Land Surface Model (LSM)) and MODIS satellite. The retrieved soil moisture is then utilized for soil moisture deficit (SMD) estimation using empirical relationships with Probability Distributed Model based SMD as a benchmark. The square of correlation during the calibration indicates a value of R 2 =0.359 for approach 4 (WRF-NOAH LSM based LST with optimized roughness parameters) followed by the approach 2 (optimized roughness parameters and MODIS based LST) (R 2 =0.293), approach 3 (WRF-NOAH LSM based LST with no optimization) (R 2 =0.267) and approach 1 (MODIS based LST with no optimization) (R 2 =0.163). Similarly, during the validation a highest performance is reported by approach 4. The other approaches are also following a similar trend as calibration. All the performances are depicted through Taylor diagram which indicates that the H polarization using ECMWF based LST is giving a better performance for SMD estimation than the original SMOS L2 products at a catchment scale.
A RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AVERSIVE CONDITIONING ON GRIZZLY BEARS IN PETER LOUGHEED PROVINCIAL PARK, ALBERTA, CANADA

Using a post hoc study design, I evaluate the effectiveness of aversive conditioning (AC) as a non-lethal management technique to reduce bear-human conflict, and ultimately reduce bear mortality. I found a decrease in developed site use by radio-collared grizzly bears in Peter Lougheed Provincial Park (PLPP) after the onset of AC. Also, wariness of collared bears increased with application of AC, both short-term and long-term. Wariness of non-collared grizzly bears also increased after application of AC. Grizzly bear mortality and relocation rates in the period after AC began decreased by half within PLPP, while at the same time increasing five-fold on adjacent lands where AC was not a commonly used tool. Finally, there was a decrease in the number of bear-related facility management actions after the onset of AC. I conclude that AC is an effective management tool to reduce human conflicts with grizzly bears and promote bear population stability.
Age of the Dawson Arkose, Southwestern Air Force Academy, Colorado, and Implications for the Uplift History of the Front Range

An angular unconformity within the synorogenic Dawson Arkose (Late Cretaceous-Eocene) is preserved and exposed in areas south of Denver, Colorado, along the eastern side of the Front Range uplift. In the southwestern part of the Air Force Academy, the basal Dawson is concordant with the underlying Laramie and Fox Hills formations and dips 72-84{degree} eastward. Above an intraformational angular unconformity, younger units of the Dawson dip 24{degree}-46{degree} eastward. Smaller angular unconformities (10{degree}{plus minus}), and beds with gradually decreasing dip occur higher in the Dawson section. Rocks above the largest unconformity contain a rich palynomorph assemblage of Late Maestrichtain age. These data indicate that approximately 30{degree}-40{degree}, and possibly as much as approximately 70{degree}, of tilting of the underlying rocks occurred during the Late Maestrichtian (66-70 Ma). It is also possible that approximately 30{degree}-40{degree} of the tilting of the Late Cretaceous rocks occurred between latest Maestrichtian and Eocene (approximately 45 Ma). These results suggest that the transition from a tectonically quiet marine environment to a non-marine, tectonically active condition took place rapidly, probably within a few million years. When combined with published data, the authors study indicates that the Front Range has different tectonic histories on its eastern and its western side,more » and that the deformation is diachronous along the strike of the eastern side of the Front Range. « less