Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Minima of initial segments of infinite sequences of reals

Suppose that 〈xk〉k∈ℕ is a countable sequence of real numbers. Working in the usual subsystems for reverse mathematics, RCA0 suffices to prove the existence of a sequence of reals 〈uk〉k∈ℕ such that for each k, uk is the minimum of {x0, x1, …, xk}. However, if we wish to prove the existence of a sequence of integer indices of minima of initial segments of 〈xk〉k∈ℕ, the stronger subsystem WKL0 is required. Following the presentation of these reverse mathematics results, we will derive computability theoretic corollaries and use them to illustrate a distinction between computable analysis and constructive analysis. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A prospective functional MR imaging study of mild traumatic brain injury in college football players.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although concussion is common among athletes, evidence-based methods for clinical evaluation, treatment, and recovery are lacking. We used a prospective, functional neuroimaging approach to assess sports-related concussion in which imaging was performed before injury so that brain changes resulting from concussion could be better understood. METHODS Neurophysiologic correlates of sports-related concussion were investigated in eight college football players by using functional MR imaging. Preseason baseline levels of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity were acquired during the performance of a test battery that included mathematical, memory, and sensorimotor coordination tasks. Four players who had a concussion repeated these baseline procedures within 1 week of injury. The remaining control players were retested at the end of the season. RESULTS Specific neural signatures of concussion were detected in individual players by comparing postconcussion results to preconcussion baseline values. The validity of these indicators was confirmed by comparing them with the same measures in noninjured control subjects. When compared with control subjects, concussed players had marked within-subject increases in the amplitude and extent of BOLD activity during a finger-sequencing task. Effects were observed primarily in the parietal and lateral frontal and cerebellar regions. CONCLUSION Differences in neural functioning were observed in the absence of observed deficits in behavioral performance, suggesting that this approach may increase sensitivity to concussion compared with neuropsychological evaluation alone. Though preliminary, the proposed prospective neuroimaging approach may have great potential for understanding mild traumatic brain injury and identifying mechanisms underlying recovery.
Microtensile bond strength of silorane-based composite specific adhesive system using different bonding strategies

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-etching on the bond strength of silorane-based composite specific adhesive system to dentin. Materials and Methods Thirty human molars were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the different bonding strategies. For teeth restored with silorane-based composite (Filtek Silorane, 3M ESPE), the specific self-etching adhesive system (Adhesive System P90, 3M ESPE) was used with and without pre-etching (Pre-etching/Silorane and Silorane groups). Teeth restored with methacrylate based-composite (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE) were hybridized with the two-step self-etching system (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray), with and without pre-etching (Pre-etching/Methacrylate and Methacrylate groups), or three-step adhesive system (Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, 3M ESPE) (Three-step/Methacrylate group) (n = 6). The restored teeth were sectioned into stick-shaped test specimens (1.0 × 1.0 mm), and coupled to a universal test machine (0.5 mm/min) to perform microtensile testing. Results Pre-etching/Methacrylate group presented the highest bond strength values, with significant difference from Silorane and Three-step/Methacrylate groups (p < 0.05). However, it was not significantly different from Preetching/Silorane and Methacrylate groups. Conclusions Pre-etching increased bond strength of silorane-based composite specific adhesive system to dentin.
Parallel Branch-and-Bound Formulations for AND/OR Tree Search

This paper discusses two general schemes for performing branch-and-bound (B&B) search in parallel. These schemes are applicable in principle to most of the problems which can be solved by B&B. The schemes are implemented for SSS*, a versatile algorithm having applications in game tree search, structural pattern analysis, and AND/OR graph search. The performance of parallel SSS* is studied in the context of AND/OR tree and game tree search. The paper concludes with comments on potential applications of these parallel implementations of SSS* in structural pattern analysis and game playing.
The Dark Alleys of Madison Avenue: Understanding Malicious Advertisements

Online advertising drives the economy of the World Wide Web. Modern websites of any size and popularity include advertisements to monetize visits from their users. To this end, they assign an area of their web page to an advertising company (so called ad exchange) that will use it to display promotional content. By doing this, the website owner implicitly trusts that the advertising company will offer legitimate content and it will not put the site's visitors at risk of falling victims of malware campaigns and other scams. In this paper, we perform the first large-scale study of the safety of the advertisements that are encountered by the users on the Web. In particular, we analyze to what extent users are exposed to malicious content through advertisements, and investigate what are the sources of this malicious content. Additionally, we show that some ad exchanges are more prone to serving malicious advertisements than others, probably due to their deficient filtering mechanisms. The observations that we make in this paper shed light on a little studied, yet important, aspect of advertisement networks, and can help both advertisement networks and website owners in securing their web pages and in keeping their visitors safe.
Orkambi® and amplifier co‐therapy improves function from a rare CFTR mutation in gene‐edited cells and patient tissue

The combination therapy of lumacaftor and ivacaftor (Orkambi®) is approved for patients bearing the major cystic fibrosis (CF) mutation: ΔF508. It has been predicted that Orkambi® could treat patients with rarer mutations of similar “theratype”; however, a standardized approach confirming efficacy in these cohorts has not been reported. Here, we demonstrate that patients bearing the rare mutation: c.3700 A>G, causing protein misprocessing and altered channel function—similar to ΔF508‐CFTR, are unlikely to yield a robust Orkambi® response. While in silico and biochemical studies confirmed that this mutation could be corrected and potentiated by lumacaftor and ivacaftor, respectively, this combination led to a minor in vitro response in patient‐derived tissue. A CRISPR/Cas9‐edited bronchial epithelial cell line bearing this mutation enabled studies showing that an “amplifier” compound, effective in increasing the levels of immature CFTR protein, augmented the Orkambi® response. Importantly, this “amplifier” effect was recapitulated in patient‐derived nasal cultures—providing the first evidence for its efficacy in augmenting Orkambi® in tissues harboring a rare CF‐causing mutation. We propose that this multi‐disciplinary approach, including creation of CRISPR/Cas9‐edited cells to profile modulators together with validation using primary tissue, will facilitate therapy development for patients with rare CF mutations.
Susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to different doses of quinine in vivo and to quinine and quinidine in vitro in relation to chloroquine in Liberia.

Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum has been spreading rapidly after its emergence in 1988 in Yekepa. The in vivo and in vitro susceptibilities to quinine and quinidine, compared to chloroquine, were studied by investigating the number of treatment days required for radical cure and estimating the quinine concentrations concomitantly. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for schizont maturation in all successful in vitro tests were 5.12 x 10(-6) mol/l for quinine and 1.28 x 10(-6) mol/l for quinidine, indicating that all 50 isolates were sensitive to the two drugs. The IC50 and IC90 values were 0.22 and 0.78 x 10(-6) mol/l for quinine and 0.07 and 0.26 x 10(-6) mol/l for quinidine, respectively. In vitro inhibition of parasites by 1.6 x 10(-6) mol/l of chloroquine was obtained in 31 out of 47 isolates, 16 (34%) being resistant. The IC50, IC90 and geometrical mean MIC for quinine were all about two times higher for the chloroquine-resistant than for the chloroquine-sensitive isolates (P = 0.006). P. falciparum infected children (n = 64) were randomly allocated to four groups and treated with quinine (10 mg/kg body weight twice daily) for 1 day (3 doses), 2, 4 and 7 days, respectively. All cleared their parasitaemias by day 4 but 5 out of 15 of those treated with only three doses showed a recurrence of parasitaemia between days 7 and 14; these were considered to be recrudescences. In the other groups, recurrent parasitaemias only occurred between days 17 and 28 and were considered to be reinfections. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clinical Predictors of Surgical Outcomes and Imaging Features in Single Segmental Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy with Lower Cervical Instability

Background Cervical degenerative changes are the most common cause of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and lower cervical instability (LCI). The purpose of this study was to investigate the associated factors of MRI signal changes and prognosis in single segmental CSM accompanied by LCI. Material/Methods A total of 122 patients met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in this study with a minimum follow-up period of 2 years. According to the absence/presence of LCI, patients were divided into the unstable group (n=43 [35.2%]) and the stable group (n=79 [64.8%]). Clinical data and radiological parameters were compared between groups. Results The occurrence rate of increased signal intensity (ISI) of the spinal cord was 72.1% in the unstable group and 44.3% in the stable group, and the difference was significant. There were significant differences in preoperative JOA score, duration of symptoms, and number of physical signs between the 2 groups (p<0.001, =0.001 and <0.001, respectively). The recovery rate of the JOA score in the unstable group was significantly lower than in the stable group (p<0.001). Long duration of symptoms, low preoperative JOA score, and more preoperative physical signs were significantly correlated with low JOA recovery rate. Conclusions Patients suffering from CSM with LCI have higher incidence of ISI of the spinal cord. Longer duration of symptoms, lower preoperative JOA score, and more preoperative physical signs were highly predictive of poor surgical outcomes for patients with single segmental CSM with LCI.
Metal-optic and Plasmonic Semiconductor-based Nanolasers

Over the past few decades, semiconductor lasers have relentlessly followed the path towards miniaturization. Smaller lasers are more energy efficient, are cheaper to make, and open up new applications in sensing and displays, among many other things. Yet, up until recently, there was a fundamental problem with making lasers smaller: purely semiconductor lasers couldn't be made smaller than the diffraction limit of light. In recent years, however, metal-based lasers have been demonstrated in the nanoscale that have shattered the diffraction limit. As optical materials, metals can be used to either reflect light (metal-optics) or convert light to electrical currents (plasmonics). In both cases, metals have provided ways to squeeze light beyond the diffraction limit. In this dissertation, I experimentally demonstrated one nanolaser based on plasmonic transduction and another laser based on metal-optic reflection.To create coherent plasmons, I designed a nanolaser based on a plasmonic bandgap defect state inside a surface plasmonic crystal. In a one-dimensional periodic semiconductor beam, I was able to confine surface plasmons by interrupting the periodicity of the crystal. These confined surface plasmons then underwent laser oscillations in effective mode volumes as small as 0.007 cubic wavelengths. At this electromagnetic volume, energy was squeezed 10 times smaller than those possible in similar photonic crystals that do not utilize metal. This demonstration should pave the way for achieving engineered nanolasers with deep-subwavelength mode volumes and enable plasmonic crystals to become attractive platforms for designing plasmons.After achieving large reductions in electromagnetic mode volumes, I switched to a metal-optics-based nanolaser design to further reduce the physical volumes of small light sources. The semiconductor nanopatch laser achieved laser oscillations with subwavelength-scale physical dimensions (0.019 cubic wavelengths) and effective mode volumes (0.0017 cubic wavelengths). The ultra-small laser volume is achieved with the presence of nanoscale metal patches which suppress electromagnetic radiation into free-space and convert a leaky cavity into a highly-confined subwavelength optical resonator. The nanopatch laser, with its world-record-breaking small physical volume, has exciting implications for data storage, biological sensing, on-chip optical communication, and beyond.
A Biologically Plausible Neuron Circuit

A neuron circuit is presented which can mimic the operation of a spiking neuron cell. A current mirror configuration allows the temporal summing of synaptic inputs, which are subsequently stored as a charge packet on the gate of a CMOS inverter: the inverter is coupled to a second inverter and feedback is used to facilitate re-setting the cell after firing. Charge leakage from the gate of the inverter, via a reverse biased p-n junction, provides a membrane decay time constant comparable with what is observed in biological neurons. Breadboard experiments and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the functionality of the neuron circuit.
A new approach to high-capacity digital mobile Radio

Space diversity (adaptive phased-array antennas) is an effective weapon against the cochannel interference encountered in cellular mobile radio systems. High-order diversity, and hence, strong interference suppression, can be achieved with modest hardware complexity by using time-division retransmission. With this technique, which is especially well-suited to digital modulation methods, the adaptive signal processing required for space diversity can be performed at just one end of the communication link, namely, the base station. At the other end (the mobile unit) only a single-element antenna is needed. Moreover, the use of coherent phase-shift keying in such a system allows simple RF circuity, because the adaptive processing is done at baseband. In the context of cellular mobile radio, the combination of space diversity, time-division retransmission and 120-degree corner illumination of each cell can yield a reliable communication channel even in the presence of intercell interference, Ray leigh fading (both flat and frequency-selective), and shadow fading. The use of these techniques allows approximately 130 two-way channels per cell (at 32 kb/s each) to be accommodated in the 40-MHz bandwidth of the 850-MHz mobile radio band.
A Model for Multiple Outcomes Games

We introduce and study qualitative multiple outcomes games. These games are noncooperative games with qualitative utilities (i.e., values over an ordinal scale), strictly qualitative uncertainty and possible coordination. By strictly qualitative uncertainty, we mean that when there is a set of possible events, the probability of each event is unknown. Coordination is a way offered to the players to remove uncertainty. Qualitative multiple outcomes games is a model for a number of multi-agent problems where agents have minimal information about the interaction effects and where probabilites are unavailable. Among them is multi-agent planning where autonomous planning agents do not share the same goals, and have to generate plans that interact with those of others in a way they cannot unilaterally predict or control.
The Effects of Neuromuscular Training on Knee Joint Motor Control During Sidecutting in Female Elite Soccer and Handball Players

Objective:The project aimed to implement neuromuscular training during a full soccer and handball league season and to experimentally analyze the neuromuscular adaptation mechanisms elicited by this training during a standardized sidecutting maneuver known to be associated with non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Design:The players were tested before and after 1 season without implementation of the prophylactic training and subsequently before and after a full season with the implementation of prophylactic training. Participants:A total of 12 female elite soccer players and 8 female elite team handball players aged 26 ± 3 years at the start of the study. Intervention:The subjects participated in a specific neuromuscular training program previously shown to reduce non-contact ACL injury. Methods:Neuromuscular activity at the knee joint, joint angles at the hip and knee, and ground reaction forces were recorded during a sidecutting maneuver. Neuromuscular activity in the prelanding phase was obtained 10 and 50 ms before foot strike on a force plate and at 10 and 50 ms after foot strike on a force plate. Results:Neuromuscular training markedly increased before activity and landing activity electromyography (EMG) of the semitendinosus (P < 0.05), while quadriceps EMG activity remained unchanged. Conclusions:Neuromuscular training increased EMG activity for the medial hamstring muscles, thereby decreasing the risk of dynamic valgus. This observed neuromuscular adaptation during sidecutting could potentially reduce the risk for non-contact ACL injury.
Weak Keys in MST 1

The public key cryptosystem MST1 has been introduced in [9]. Its security relies on the hardness of factoring with respect to wild logarithmic signatures. To identify ‘wild-like’ logarithmic signatures, the criterion of being totally-non-transversal has been proposed. We give tame totally-non-transversal logarithmic signatures for the alternating and symmetric groups of degree ≥ 5. Hence, basing a key generation procedure on the assumption that totally-non-transversal logarithmic signatures are ‘wild like’ seems critical. We also discuss the problem of recognizing ‘weak’ totally-non-transversal logarithmic signatures, and demonstrate that another proposed key generation procedure based on permutably transversal logarithmic signatures may produce weak keys.
Optimized design of interpolated array and sparse array wideband beamformers

We investigate two different design methods for wideband beamformers with applications to microphone arrays. Our major design goal is to reduce the number of sensors while maintaining a good beamforming performance. The different design methods considered are interpolated arrays with virtual sensors, and optimized sparse arrays. We present new optimization procedures for wideband beamforming with both types of arrays. Typical experimental results include array performance in case of noisy sensors, and in the presence of simulated room reverberations.
Super Picard-Fuchs equation and monodromies for supermanifolds

Following, Aganagic and Vafa (e-print hep-th/0403192) and Hori and Vafa (e-print hep-th/0002222), we discuss the Picard-Fuchs equation for the super Landau-Ginsburg mirror to the super Calabi-Yau in WCP(3∣2)[1,1,1,3∣1,5] (using techniques of Greene and Lazaroiu [Nucl. Phys. B 604, 181 (2001), e-print hep-th/0001025] and Misra [Fortschr. Phys. 52, 831 (2004), e-print hep-th/0311186]), Meijer basis of solutions, and monodromies (at 0,1 and ∞) in the large and small complex structure limits, as well as obtain the mirror hypersurface, which in the large Kahler limit turns out to be either a bidegree-(6,6) hypersurface in WCP(3∣1)[1,1,1,2]×WCP(1∣1)[1,1∣6] or a (Z2 singular) bidegree-(6,12) hypersurface in WCP(3∣1)[1,1,2,6∣6]×WCP(1∣1)[1,1∣6].
Flexible dosing with Darbepoetin alfa for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced anemia

Anemia is frequent in cancer patients with chemotherapy, and has an important negative effect on health-related quality of life (QoL). Darbepoetin alfa belongs to a new class of erythropoietic proteins with a unique molecular structure and interesting properties compared with classic recombinant human erythropoietin. Darbepoetin alfa is effective for chemotherapy-induced anemia when administered once weekly at a dose of 2.25 μg/kg, as shown in two large phase III placebo-controlled trials in patients with solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Furthermore, it was safe and well tolerated. More recently attention has been focused on optimizing Darbepoetin alfa therapy. Front-loaded dosing was explored to accelerate the hemoglobin (Hb) response and effect on QoL, but this idea could not be confirmed in a large phase III study. Based on the prolonged half-life of Darbepoetin alfa, administration every 3 weeks was appealing. In a large phase III trial, noninferiority of administration of 500 μg every 3 weeks compared with the weekly dosing could be confirmed, both in terms of reduction of red blood cell transfusion, Hb parameters, and QoL. This schedule is very convenient for patients and caregivers as it allows synchronization of erythropoietic therapy and common chemotherapy schedules. Questions for future study are the optimal iron supplementation strategy and the effect of Darbepoetin alfa on outcome. This article reviews the clinical development of Darbepoetin alfa with emphasis on recent data.
The isolation and prevalence of campylobacters from dairy cattle using a variety of methods

Faecal samples from 94 dairy cows and 42 calves in three different herds were examined by a variety of techniques for campylobacters. Cefoperazone amphotericin teicoplanin (CAT) agar, modified cefoperazone charcoal deoxycholate agar (mCCDA), Karmali agar, and membrane filtration onto blood agar, were used with and without enrichment in CAT broth. Seventy‐nine percent of cattle in herd A carried campylobacters, compared with 40% and 37·5% of cattle in herds B and C, respectively. Most animals carried only one species of Campylobacter. Campylobacter hyointestinalis was isolated most frequently (32% animals positive) with Camp. fetus subsp. fetus and Camp. jejuni subsp. jejuni detected in 11% and 7% of animals, respectively. In addition, a novel biotype of Camp. sputorum was isolated from 60% of 47 cows tested in herd A. Direct plating detected only two of the total of 40 animals positive for campylobacter. Enrichment in CAT broth before membrane filtration onto blood agar or CAT agar were the most successful methods of plating. Campylobacter sputorum was isolated from CAT agar and blood agar but not from mCCDA or Karmali agar. Karmali agar incubated at 30 °C was especially effective for isolating Camp. fetus subsp. fetus.