Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the vertical thermal structure of Io's atmosphere

Abstract A radiative–conductive model for the vertical thermal structure of Pluto's atmosphere is developed with a non-LTE treatment of solar heating in the CH43.3 μm and 2.3 μm bands, non-LTE radiative exchange and cooling in the CH47.6 μm band, and LTE cooling by CO rotational line emission. The model includes the effects of opacity and vibrational energy transfer in the CH4molecule. Partial thermalization of absorbed solar radiation in the CH43.3 and 2.3 μm bands by rapid vibrational energy transfer from the stretch modes to the bending modes generates high altitude heating at sub-microbar pressures. Heating in the 2.3 μm bands exceeds heating in 3.3 μm bands by approximately a factor of 6 and occurs predominantly at microbar pressures to generate steep temperature gradients ∼10–20 K km−1forp> 2 μbar when the surface or tropopause pressure is ∼3 μbar and the CH4mixing ratio is a constant 3%. This calculated structure may account for the “knee” in the stellar occultation lightcurve. The vertical temperature structure in the first 100 km above the surface is similar for atmospheres with Ar, CO, and N2individually as the major constituent. If a steep temperature gradient ∼20 K km−1is required near the surface or above the tropopause, then the preferred major constituent is Ar with 3% CH4mixing ratio to attain a calculated ratio ofT/ M (= 3.5 K amu−1) in agreement with inferred values from stellar occultation data. However, pure Ar and N2ices at the same temperature yield an Ar vapor pressure of only ∼0.04 times the N2vapor pressure. Alternative scenarios are discussed that may yield acceptable fits with N2as the dominant constituent. One possibility is a 3 μbar N2atmosphere with 0.3% CH4that has 106 K isothermal region (T/ M = 3.8 K amu−1) and ∼8 K km−1surface/tropopause temperature gradient. Another possibility would be a higher surface pressure ∼10 μbar with a scattering haze forp> 2 μbar. Our model with appropriate adjustments in the CH4density profile to Triton's inferred profile yields a temperature profile consistent with the UVS solar occultation data (Krasnopolsky, V. A., B. R. Sandel, and F. Herbert 1992.J. Geophys. Res.98, 3065–3078.) and ground-based stellar occultation data (Elliot, J. L., E. W. Dunham, and C. B. Olkin 1993.Bull. Am. Astron. Soc.25, 1106.).
Elastic cross sections for e - -CH 4 collisions at intermediate energies

A joint theoretical and experimental investigation on ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{CH}}_{4}$ elastic scattering in the intermediate energy range is reported. More specifically, calculated cross sections in the (1\char21{}500)-eV incident energy range, as well as measured absolute cross sections from 100 to 500 eV, are presented. A complex optical potential consisting of static, exchange, correlation-polarization, plus absorption contributions is used to describe the electron-molecule interaction. The Schwinger variational iterative method combined with the distorted-wave approximation is applied to calculate the scattering amplitudes. The experimental absolute elastic differential cross sections are determined using the relative flow technique. In general, our calculated results are in very good agreement with our experimental data and with other experimental and theoretical results available in the literature. Our study has shown the significant role played by the absorption effects on the calculated cross sections for incident energies of 50 eV and above. The importance of the nonspherical components of the ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{CH}}_{4}$ interaction potential has also been verified in our calculations.
Fourier Analysis of Magnetic Fields in the Ionosphere of Mars

The two main sources of the magnetic field in the Martian ionosphere are the solar wind interaction with the planet, and, mainly in the southern hemisphere, remnant crustal magnetization. The magnetic fields measured by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) and Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft displayed a wide range of spatial scales, from the global (i.e., L ≈ 103 km) to mesoscale (L ≈ 102 km) to small‐scale (L < 10 km). Hamil et al. (2022) used MAVEN magnetometer and Langmuir Probe data to study these structures and suggested that they might be advected into the ionosphere from the solar wind and magnetosheath. In the current study, we apply a Fourier analysis to the fields and interpret the resulting power spectral density profiles versus frequency. The power spectral density function found from MAVEN data resembles that of the solar wind magnetic field (or interplanetary magnetic field) (i.e., power law with an index of about −2), but shifted upward in frequency by a factor of about 100. From a comparison of ionospheric power spectra with solar wind power spectra, we deduce that plasma, carrying a magnetic field with it moves from the magnetic pile‐up region downward into the ionosphere with speeds of roughly tens of meters per second. The derived power spectra in the ionosphere, in addition to the basic power law shape, show hints of extra power at a spatial scale of about 10 km, and this might be due to the creation of a magnetic structure within the ionosphere itself.
Systematic row-and-column designs balanced for low order polynomial interactions between rows and columns

Systematic row-and-column designs intended to accommodate low order polynomial rows × columns interaction effects are discussed. Latin square, Graeco-Latin square and quasi-Latin square designs of size 2 N ×2 M and size 9×9 are examined by using plot pseudofactor methods. Latin square and Graeco-Latin square designs of size 5×5 and 7×7 are examined by using a published technique for the design of quantitative factorial experiments with a prime number of factor levels. A 6×6 Latin square design is constructed by trial and error. Finally, the control of positional effects by fitted quadratic response surfaces is discussed
A New Procedure for Computing Equivalence Bands in Personnel Selection

We advance and illustrate a new procedure for the formation of equivalence bands in preemployment tests for situations in which criterion data are available. The proce- dure consists of 3 steps: (a) the computation of the width of a band of statistically indistinguishable scores on a performance measure Y, (b) the determination of the upper and lower limits on the band for Y, and (c) the computation of the 2 scores on a preemployment test X that produce predicted scores for Y equal to the upper and lower limits of the band on Yestablished in Step 2. Thus, this new approach generates 2 scores on X that are associated with a range of statistically indistinguishable scores on the predicted value of the criterion.
Purification and Biological Properties of Raniseptins-3 and -6, Two Antimicrobial Peptides from Boana raniceps (Cope, 1862) Skin Secretion

The number of multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms has been growing in recent years, most of which is due to the inappropriate use of the commercial antibiotics that are currently available. The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance represents a serious global public health problem. Thus, it is necessary to search for and develop new drugs that can act as antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial peptides are a promising alternative for the development of new therapeutic drugs. Anurans’ skin glands are a rich source of broad-spectrum antimicrobial compounds and hylids, a large and diverse family of tree frogs, are known as an important source of antimicrobial peptides. In the present study, two novel antimicrobial peptides, named Raniseptins-3 and -6, were isolated from Boana raniceps skin secretion and their structural and biological properties were evaluated. Raniseptins-3 and -6 are cationic, rich in hydrophobic residues, and adopt an α-helix conformation in the presence of SDS (35 mM). Both peptides are active against Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive pathogens, with low hemolytic activity at therapeutic concentrations. No activity was observed for yeasts, but the peptides are highly cytotoxic against B16F10 murine melanoma cells and NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. None of the tested compounds showed improvement trends in the MTT and LDH parameters of MHV-3 infected cells at the concentrations tested.
IRAS Observations of a Small Sample of Blue Irregular Galaxies

IRAS satellite IR observations are presently used to investigate the properties of the dust in a small sample of irregular galaxies chosen to cover a wide range in levels of star formation activity. The irregulars are found to have comparatively normal IR properties; the only exception is NGC 1569, an irregular galaxy with intense global star formation which seems to have a larger dust fraction at temperatures whose energies peak at 25-60 microns, by comparison with other irregulars. DDO 47, the system with lowest star formation activity, has the lowest far-IR color temperature and highest ratio of IR to H-alpha flux; this is suggested to be due to the decreased importance of radiation from young stars in heating the dust.
Low-Profile Textile Antenna for Bioradar Integration Into Car Seat Upholstery: Wireless acquisition of vital signs while on the road

Recently, radar systems have been widely explored as a remote way to monitor vital signs. The potential of such technology may increase with the ability to be fully embedded in customized applications, providing a low-profile appearance. Thus, it is possible to streamline the industrialization process and simultaneously guarantee the comfort of the subject being monitored. In this work, the ability to fully integrate a bioradar system in a car seat, aiming to monitor the respiratory signal of the driver, is studied. For this purpose, textile antennas were developed to be embedded into the upholstery, using a new approach to wirelessly acquire vital signs by positioning the antennas in the side lumbar support of the car seat. Considering the final aspect of the prototype and its performance, alternative options for the antenna feeding were explored, and an electromagnetic insulation solution was implemented. Finally, the vital signs of six subjects were acquired with the final prototype. The obtained results were compared with certified measuring equipment, demonstrating the prototype effectiveness.
InGaN/AlInN interface with enhanced holes to improve photoelectrochemical etching and GaN device release

We introduce a novel superlattice structure for releasing GaN-based devices with selective photo-electrochemical (PEC) etching by incorporating a lattice-matched AlInN barrier in an InGaN/GaN sacrificial stack. A dopant-free two-dimensional hole gas is formed at the InGaN/AlInN interface due to the band bending and strong polarization discontinuity, which is revealed in simulations. PEC etching using the four period InGaN/AlInN superlattice exhibits almost three times higher etch rate and smoother etched surfaces when compared to conventional InGaN/GaN release layers. A systematic investigation with different AlInN layer thicknesses shows that a thin AlInN layer is able to achieve smooth surface with uniform etch process during the PEC while thicker AlInN exhibits poorer surface morphology although the etch rate was faster. Furthermore, it is found that using HNO3 as the electrolyte improved the etched surface smoothness compared to KOH when followed by a post-release HCl treatment. This structure will enable the release of high quality GaN layers and the fabrication of novel optical devices.
Interplay between Forced Convection and Electroconvection during the Overlimiting Ion Transport through Anion-Exchange Membranes: A Fourier Transform Analysis of Membrane Voltage Drops

Electrodialysis (ED) applications have expanded in recent years and new modes of operation are being investigated. Operation at overlimiting currents involves the phenomenon of electroconvection, which is associated with the generation of vortices. These vortices accelerate the process of solution mixing, making it possible to increase the transport of ions across the membranes. In this work, frequency analysis is applied to investigate the interaction between different parameters on the development of electroconvection near anion-exchange membranes, which would provide a basis for the development of ED systems with favored electroconvection. Chronopotentiometric curves are registered and Fast Fourier Transform analysis is carried out to study the amplitude of the transmembrane voltage oscillations. Diverse behaviors are detected as a function of the level of forced convection and current density. The synergistic combination of forced convection and overlimiting currents leads to an increase in the signal amplitude, which is especially noticeable at frequencies around 0.1 Hz. Fast Fourier Transform analysis allows identifying, for a given system, the conditions that lead to a transition between stable and chaotic electroconvection modes.
Analysis of the Genetic Parameters for Dairy Linear Appraisal and Zoometric Traits: A Tool to Enhance the Applicability of Murciano-Granadina Goats Major Areas Evaluation System

Simple Summary Murciano-Granadina has drifted towards better dairy-linked conformation traits without losing the grounds of the zoometric basis which confers it with an enhanced adaptability to the environment. Consequently, international Linear Appraisal Systems (LAS) may not fit the zoometric variability reality of autochthonous breeds, such as the Murciano-Granadina goat. LAS panels comprise large numbers of traits which makes selection for dairy conformation a complex and time costly task, hence selection practices focusing on major areas is often suggested. The evaluation of genetic, phenotypic and environmental parameters for each zoometric/LAS trait individually and of the pairwise relationships among traits may permit the design of a solid selection strategy towards the maximization of dairy potential while making selection tasks time- and resource-efficient. Results suggest that zoometrics and LAS-derived genetic and phenotypic parameters are translatable as long as the process of collection is performed objectively by trained operators. Selection of major areas is feasible but may be conditioned to the restructuration and modification of the scales that are currently used for dairy goats. The strategies that were designed help to evaluate the momentum of selection for dairy-linked zoometric traits of the Murciano-Granadina population and its future evolution to enhance the profitability and efficiency of breeding plans. Abstract Selection for zoometrics defines individuals’ productive longevity, endurance, enhanced productive abilities and consequently, their long-term profitability. When zoometric analysis is aimed at large highly selected populations or in those at different levels of selection, linear appraisal systems (LAS) provide a timely response. This study estimates genetic and phenotypic parameters for zoometric/LAS traits in Murciano-Granadina goats, estimating genetic and phenotypic correlations among all traits, and determining whether major area selection would be appropriate or if adaptability strategies may need to be followed. Heritability estimates for the zoometric/LAS traits were low to high, ranging from 0.09 to 0.43, and the accuracy of estimation has improved after decades, rendering standard errors negligible. Scale inversion of specific traits may need to be performed before major areas selection strategies are implemented. Genetic and phenotypic correlations suggests that negative selection against thicker bones and higher rear insertion heights indirectly results in the optimization of selection practices in the rest of the traits, especially those in the structure, capacity and mammary system major areas. The integration and implementation of the strategies proposed within the Murciano-Granadina breeding program maximizes selection opportunities and the sustainable international competitiveness of the Murciano-Granadina goat in the dairy goat breed panorama.
On subsumption relationships in data flow testing

Data flow testing creates test requirements as definition‐use (DU) associations, where a definition is a program location that assigns a value to a variable and a use is a location where that value is accessed. Data flow testing is expensive, largely because of the number of test requirements. Luckily, many DU‐associations are redundant in the sense that if one test requirement (e.g. node, edge and DU‐association) is covered, other DU‐associations are guaranteed to also be covered. This relationship is called subsumption. Thus, testers can save resources by only covering DU‐associations that are not subsumed by other testing requirements. Although this has the potential to significantly decrease the cost of data flow testing, there are roadblocks to its application. Finding data flow subsumptions correctly and efficiently has been an elusive goal; the savings provided by data flow subsumptions and the cost to find them need to be assessed; and the fault detection ability of a reduced set of DU‐associations and the advantages of data flow testing over node and edge coverage need to be verified. This paper presents novel solutions to these problems. We present algorithms that correctly find data flow subsumptions and are asymptotically less costly than previous algorithms. We present empirical data that show that data flow subsumption is effective at reducing the number of DU‐associations to be tested and can be found at scale. Furthermore, we found that using reduced DU‐associations decreased the fault detection ability by less than 2%, and data flow testing adds testing value beyond node and edge coverage.
Visual and cognitive functioning among older adults with low vision before vision rehabilitation: A pilot study

Introduction The occurrence of age-related vision changes is inevitable. However, some of these changes can become pathological. Research indicates that vision and hearing loss is correlated with age-related cognitive decline, and with a higher risk of developing dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease. Low vision rehabilitation could possibly be a protective factor against cognitive decline, as it provides the clients with compensatory strategies to overcome their visual deficits. Objectives and hypothesis The aim of this pilot study was to assess correlations between visual and cognitive functions in older adults referred for low vision rehabilitation. We hypothesized that more severe impairment of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity would be correlated with more advanced levels of cognitive impairment. The second objective was to examine which of these correlations would remain significant once established variables that influence cognition are statistically removed (e.g., age, education). Methods Thirty-eight older adults (age range: 66–97 years old) with a visual impairment (acuity <20/70) were recruited before the onset of their low vision rehabilitation. They underwent vision (reading acuity, reading speed, contrast sensitivity), hearing (audiogram, speech-in-noise perception) and cognitive (global cognition, memory, executive functions) testing, and demographic information was obtained. Results and discussion Correlations among global cognition and visual aid use, memory and reading speed, memory and contrast sensitivity, memory, and visual aid use, and between executive functions and contrast sensitivity were significant. Correlations between contrast sensitivity and memory, as well as between global cognition and visual aid use remained significant after controlling for age and education. The present study is relevant to clinicians who are assessing the cognitive status of older adults, such as neuropsychologists, because it highlights the importance of considering low vision when administering neuropsychological tests, especially to persons who have not yet received rehabilitation for their visual impairment.
Gender-based violence, religion and forced displacement: Protective and risk factors

Introduction This paper examines the relationship between gender-based violence (GBV) and religion in a range of forced displacement contexts. While it has been acknowledged that religion frequently shapes experiences of GBV survivors, little is known about the influences of religion on GBV experiences in forced displacement and its potential role in strengthening interventions. Methods Utilizing empirical evidence from 58 interviews from the SEREDA project with forced migrants in Sweden, UK, Turkey and Australia, we outline the interactions between religious resources and GBV in migrants' forced displacement experiences. We conceptualise religious resources as comprising religious ideas, religious practices, religious experience and religious organization. Results Survivors talked about religion spontaneously when responding to questions relating to resilience, coping mechanisms, and risk factors. Religion acted as both a “protective” and “risk” factor for GBV experiences. Religious beliefs were assets in coping with GBV experiences, but also contributed to creating an environment in which violence was normalized, exposing women to further harm. Religious practices supported survivors emotionally to cope with GBV but also some practices posed risks. Religious organizations in many cases served as a lifeline for many displaced women, offering practical and emotional support, however religious leaders at times encouraged survivors to stay in abusive relationships. Religious experiences “empowered” and “disempowered” survivors across the processes of forced migration. Discussion We demonstrate the relevance and importance of acknowledging the role of religion in the experiences of GBV in forced displacement. Our analysis advances the understanding of religious resources as both protective and risk factors that affect forced migrants' experiences of GBV over time and place. We suggest a way forward for practitioners and researchers to account for the roles of religion in experiences of GBV and forced displacement, as opportunities and barriers to GBV prevention and response, and to work with religious leaders and local faith communities to strengthen protection of survivors.
Rates and Causes of Readmission Within 60 Days Following Hysterectomy in a Tertiary Care Center in Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Unplanned readmissions are frequent, costly, and perhaps avoidable. We aim to identify the rate, causes, and predictive factors of hospital readmission after hysterectomy within 60 days post-discharge at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH). Methods: Retrospective record review of all patients who underwent hysterectomy for benign and malignant conditions from January 2017 to December 2022. Patients were evaluated for demographics, comorbidities, and causes for readmission. Results: Of 117 patients, the unplanned readmission rate was 9.4% and 7.7% for benign and malignant conditions, respectively. Infections (25%) and abdominal pain (20%) were common causes. Patients with increased intraoperative bleeding (P = 0.013) and cancer patients (0.044) had an increased risk for readmission. Readmitted patients had significantly higher baseline health burdens when compared to non-readmitted patients using the American Society of Anesthesiology scores (ASA) (p = 0.011) and the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) (p = 0.004). Conclusion: The 60-day readmission rate after a hysterectomy was 17.1%. Infections and abdominal pain represented common causes. Malignancy and increased intraoperative blood loss are significant risk factors. In order to decrease the readmission rate, addressing common reasons may be beneficial.