Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of retrieval practice on conceptual explicit and implicit consumer memory

Two experiments are reported that investigate the effects of retrieval practice on explicit and implicit memory for brand names. In Experiment 1, participants were exposed to a set of brand names pertaining to a range of product categories. Following this, participants practiced retrieving a subset of the brands before taking an explicit or implicit test for the brands. The explicit test, required recall of the brands in response to product category cues. The implicit test required the generation of the first brand names that came to mind. In both tests, prior retrieval produced retrieval-induced forgetting of the non-practiced brands. Experiment 2 replicated this effect under conditions designed to reduce explicit contamination. In addition, Experiment 2 found that increasing the amount of retrieval practice also increased the magnitude of retrieval-induced forgetting on the explicit but not the implicit test. Implications for advertising and marketing are considered. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vestiges, rudiments and fusion events: the zebrafish caudal fin endoskeleton in an evo‐devo perspective

The vertebral column results from a controlled segmentation process associated with two main structures, the notochord and the somites. Pathological fusion of vertebral bodies can result from impaired segmentation during embryonic development or occur postnatally. Here, we explore the process of formation and subsequent fusion of the caudalmost vertebral bodies in zebrafish, where fusion is a normal process, mechanically required to support the caudal fin. To reveal whether the product of fusion is on an evolutionary or a developmental scale, we analyze the mode of formation of vertebral bodies, identify transitory rudiments, and characterize vestiges that indicate previous fusion events. Based on a series of closely spaced ontogenetic stages of cleared and stained zebrafish, parasagittal sections, and detection methods for elastin and mineral, we conclude that the formation of the urostyle involves four fusion events. Although fusion of preural 1 (PU1+) with ural 1 (U1) and fusion within ural 2 (U2+) are no longer traceable during centrum formation (phylogenetic fusion), fusion between the compound centrum [PU1++U1] and U2+ (ontogenetic fusion) occurs after individualization of the centra. This slow process is the last fusion and perhaps the latest fusion during the evolution of the zebrafish caudal fin endoskeleton. Newly described characters, such as a mineralized subdivision within U2+, together with the reinterpretation of known features in an evolutionary–developmental context, strongly suggest that the zebrafish caudal fin endoskeleton is made from more fused vertebral bodies than previously assumed. In addition, these fusion events occur at different developmental levels depending on their evolutionary status, allowing the dissection of fusion processes that have taken place over different evolutionary times.
Checking Race Freedom of Clocked X10 Programs

One of many approaches to better take advantage of parallelism, which has now become mainstream, is the introduction of parallel programming languages. However, parallelism is by nature non-deterministic, and not all parallel bugs can be avoided by language design. This paper proposes a method for guaranteeing absence of data races in the polyhedral subset of clocked X10 programs. Clocks in X10 are similar to barriers, but are more dynamic; the subset of processes that participate in the synchronization can dynamically change at runtime. We construct the happens-before relation for clocked X10 programs, and show that the problem of race detection is undecidable. However, in many practical cases, modern tools are able to find solutions or disprove their existence. We present a set of benchmarks for which the analysis is possible and has an acceptable running time.
Soft computing for visual terrain perception and traversability assessment by planetary robotic systems

This paper discusses technical challenges and navigational skill requirements of mobile robots for traversable path planning in natural environments similar to Mars surface terrains. Different methods for detecting salient terrain features based on imaging texture analysis techniques are described. In particular, three competing soft computing techniques are presented for terrain traversability assessment: a rule-based terrain classifier, a neural network-based terrain classifier, and a fuzzy-logic terrain classifier. Each terrain classifier divides a region of natural terrain into finite sub-terrain regions and classifies terrain condition exclusively within each sub-terrain region based on terrain visual clues. Image processing techniques are applied for aggregative fusion of sub-terrain assessment results. Results of a comparative performance evaluation of all three terrain classifiers are presented. The last two terrain classifiers are shown to have remarkable capability for traversability assessment, which facilitates navigation in unstructured natural terrain environments.
Contention-Limited Access Strategies in IEEE 802.15.4 Beacon-Enabled Networks

Medium access control (MAC) protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been extensively investigated in the last years. Although several different protocols have been proposed, and some have been implemented as proprietary protocols in commercial devices, the IEEE 802.15. 4 MAC protocol is widely adopted in today's devices. As a result, energy-saving strategies that can be implemented in compliance with IEEE 802.15. 4 can be considered of great relevance. In particular, in beacon-enabled networks much energy can be wasted due to contention among nodes sending data to the coordinator. In this paper, we investigate strategies that can reduce this energy waste by splitting the contention window into multiple contention-limited slots. We consider two different alternatives, and propose efficient algorithms that can be used to assign nodes to these slots based on their traffic conditions. The resulting strategies are evaluated by simulation in terms of energy consumption. Finally, a proof-of-concept is discussed to illustrate the feasibility of our proposal.
Spectral properties of trinomial trees

In this paper, we prove that the probability kernel of a random walk on a trinomial tree converges to the density of a Brownian motion with drift at the rate O(h4), where h is the distance between the nodes of the tree. We also show that this convergence estimate is optimal in which the density of the random walk cannot converge at a faster rate. The proof is based on an application of spectral theory to the transition density of the random walk. This yields an integral representation of the discrete probability kernel that allows us to determine the convergence rate.
Reduction of Early Reperfusion Injury With the Mitochondria-Targeting Peptide Bendavia

We recently showed that Bendavia, a novel mitochondria-targeting peptide, reduced infarction and no-reflow across several experimental models. The purpose of this study was to determine the therapeutic timing and mechanism of action that underlie Bendavia’s cytoprotective property. In rabbits exposed to in vivo ischemia/reperfusion (30/180 min), Bendavia administered 20 minutes prior to reperfusion (0.05 mg/kg/h, intravenously) reduced myocardial infarct size by ∼50% when administered for either 1 or 3 hours of reperfusion. However, when Bendavia perfusion began just 10 minutes after the onset of reperfusion, the protection against infarction and no-reflow was completely lost, indicating that the mechanism of protection is occurring early in reperfusion. Experiments in isolated mouse liver mitochondria found no discernible effect of Bendavia on blocking the permeability transition pore, and studies in isolated heart mitochondria showed no effect of Bendavia on respiratory rates. As Bendavia significantly lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in isolated heart mitochondria, the ROS-scavenging capacity of Bendavia was compared to well-known ROS scavengers using in vitro (cell-free) systems that enzymatically generate ROS. Across doses ranging from 1 nmol/L to 1 mmol/L, Bendavia showed no discernible ROS-scavenging properties, clearly differentiating itself from prototypical scavengers. In conclusion, Bendavia is a promising candidate to reduce cardiac injury when present at the onset of reperfusion but not after reperfusion has already commenced. Given that both infarction and no-reflow are related to increased cellular ROS, Bendavia’s protective mechanism of action likely involves reduced ROS generation (as opposed to augmented scavenging) by endothelial and myocyte mitochondria.
The Spatial and Temporal Conditions for Perceiving Velocity as Constant

Perceived velocities during a brief period of exposure (<1.2 s) were measured to examine how much time is necessary to perceive velocity as constant. Moving sinusoidal gratings were used as stimuli at relatively low velocities. At the beginning of each stimulus presentation, a moving pattern was perceived as stationary until a critical time had passed. After that, perceived velocity was positively correlated with moving distance, irrespective of physical velocity below a critical moving distance. Beyond the critical moving distance, velocity was perceived as constant. A simple model is presented to explain these results.
LI Vestibular Sensation and the Cerebral Cortex

It has been demonstrated for laboratory mammals that there is a pathway for projected impulses from the vestibular labyrinth to the cerebral cortex. The vestibular area in the cortex has thus been shown to be adjacent to the auditory area. Gerebtzoff 2 suggested that the vestibulocerebral pathway passed upward in the posterior longi­ tudinal bundle of the ipsilateral side. Mickle and Ades, 4 also Andersso η and Gernandt, 1 considered the connection of labyrinth with cerebral cortex to be largely contralateral. From the labyrinth to the cortex is a long jump in terms of physiology. In between come the labyrin­ thine reflexes. I shall try to make my talk as simple as possible, hoping that we may discover the probable role of the cortex in the utilization of vestibular information.
Gentrification in London and New York: An Atlantic gap?

Abstract This paper is concerned with differences and similarities between gentrification in England and the United States. The central argument is that processes of gentrification are context specific. Three aspects of local contexts that are crucial to gentrification are explored: (1) the institutionalisation of property transfer; (2) the capitalisation of property, and (3) urban conservation practices. These are illustrated with reference to two examples of gentrification: in Barnsbury, part of the inner London borough of Islington and in Park Slope, part of the Brooklyn borough of New York City. The analysis demonstrates that differences between the English and the US land and housing markets and urban conservation practices have important effects on the gentrification process, and that concepts which are relevant in one national setting are not necessarily appropriate in another national setting.
THE DEMANDS OF WIDE AUDIENCE END-USERS

This chapter identifies seven problems associated with requirements elicitation where the intended users are external to the firm, proposes characteristics for requirements elicitation methods to resolve the problems, and tells the story of a new method that supports resolution of six of the seven problems. Diverse, external users, with little relationship to the organization present special problems for requirements elicitation. We identify seven problems for requirements elicitation with " wide audience end-users (WAEU): " context,design interface. We also identify seven characteristics for requirements elicitation methods to support solutions for these problems. We develop the critical success chains (CSC) method to support six of the seven characteristics and demonstrate its use to develop applications for mobile financial services at Digia, Inc, a Helsinki-based software development firm. Current research efforts are addressing the seventh problem.
Correlation between caudal pulmonary artery diameter to body surface area ratio and echocardiography-estimated systolic pulmonary arterial pressure in dogs

Caudal pulmonary artery diameter (CPAD) to body surface area (BSA) ratios were measured in ventrodorsal thoracic radiographs to assess the correlation between CPAD to BSA ratios and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) in dogs. Thoracic radiographs of 44 dogs with systolic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and 55 normal dogs were evaluated. Systolic PAP was estimated by Doppler echocardiography. CPADs were measured at their largest point at the level of tracheal bifurcation on ventrodorsal radiographs. Both right and left CPAD to BSA ratios were significantly higher in the PAH group than in the normal group (p < 0.0001). Linear regression analysis showed positive associations between PAP and right and left CPAD to BSA ratio (right, p = 0.0230; left, p = 0.0012). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the CPAD to BSA ratio had moderate diagnostic accuracy for detecting PAH. The operating point, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve were 28.35, 81.40%, 81.82%, and 0.870; respectively, for the right side and 26.92, 80.00%, 66.67%, and 0.822, respectively, for the left. The significant correlation of CPAD to BSA ratio with echocardiography-estimated systolic PAP supports its use in identifying PAH on survey thoracic radiographs in dogs.
‘I'm protective of this yard’: long-term homeless persons' construction of home place and workplace in a historical public space

Though research has examined the ways homeless persons work to be in public space, less research covers tying these ways to personal and social needs associated with home place and workplace. Additionally, scholars have given less attention to how central public spaces may not only be integral to long-term homeless persons' daily paths but also how they may be employed differently from marginal public spaces. In this article, I explain how long-term homeless persons attempted to make a historical-tourist public space, the Jackson Square area in New Orleans' French Quarter, personally and socially meaningful as home place and workplace. Drawing from participant observation and observation, I examine long-term homeless persons' attachment to Jackson Square. I argue that the Square's historical and tourist attraction status actually supported long-term homeless persons' desire and ability to occupy it in significant ways. This status along with long-term homeless persons' negotiating practices and inconsistent practices of authority and policing by those with (more) power made it possible for the Jackson Square area to become long-term homeless persons' home place and workplace.
Deep Narrow Boltzmann Machines are Universal Approximators

We show that deep narrow Boltzmann machines are universal approximators of probability distributions on the activities of their visible units, provided they have sufficiently many hidden layers, each containing the same number of units as the visible layer. We show that, within certain parameter domains, deep Boltzmann machines can be studied as feedforward networks. We provide upper and lower bounds on the sufficient depth and width of universal approximators. These results settle various intuitions regarding undirected networks and, in particular, they show that deep narrow Boltzmann machines are at least as compact universal approximators as narrow sigmoid belief networks and restricted Boltzmann machines, with respect to the currently available bounds for those models.
Image denoising based on improved data-driven sparse representation

Sparse representation of images under certain transform domain has been playing a fundamental role in image restoration tasks. One such representative method is the widely used wavelet tight frame systems. Instead of adopting fixed filters for constructing a tight frame to sparsely model any input image, a data-driven tight frame was proposed for the sparse representation of images, and shown to be very efficient for image denoising very recently. However, in this method the number of framelet filters used for constructing a tight frame is the same as the length of filters. In fact, through further investigation it is found that part of these filters are unnecessary and even harmful to the recovery effect due to the influence of noise. Therefore, an improved data-driven sparse representation systems constructed with much less number of filters are proposed. Numerical results on denoising experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm overall outperforms the original data-driven tight frame construction scheme on both the recovery quality and computational time.
Capacity of time-varying channels with channel side information

The capacity of a time-varying channel with perfect side information of the channel response at the sender and the receiver is considered. We obtain a formal weak coding theorem which achieves the maximum expected mutual information. For an ISI channel, the input distribution that maximizes this mutual information is shown to be Gaussian conditioned on the past channel values.
MyHealthCentral.com: Integrating knowledge based system in personalized diet plan and menu construction

The rising awareness on weight gain has resulted in the creation of MyHealthCentral.com, a health portal that provides a complete weight management solution for users. There are various websites and web application which provide weight management application to its users but most of them are for generic users. Therefore, a personalized weight management solution would be a great way in helping users to manage their weight in a better way. The unique innovation of this portal is the capability to recommend personalized diet plan and menu construction to its users. The solutions to recommend a personalized diet plan and menu construction is to apply a knowledge-based approach that allows fast and dependable decision making process. A knowledge based framework is proposed to solve the recommendation tasks for personalized diet plan and menu construction.
Innovation and trust – the path to mastery

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to encourage the reader to reflect upon the consequences of leadership behaviour and the effect on innovation and performance in an organisation. Design/methodology/approach – The reader is encouraged to begin by answering five leadership questions for themselves. Some underpinning ideas are introduced with examples from the world of commerce, all within a structured model designed to encourage further reflection. Findings – The consequences of low-performing leadership as demonstrated by behaviour, intended or not, are catastrophic for innovation performance. Originality/value – This is work based upon the author's own 30 years working with organisations helping them with innovation and leadership. The source of the five leadership questions and the “love” model is unknown as they were given to me with no attributions.
Triploid bumblebees indicate a direct cost of inbreeding in fragmented populations

Hymenopteran species with single‐locus complimentary sex‐determination (sl‐CSD) face an additional cost of inbreeding because of a loss of diversity at the sex‐determining locus. Laboratory studies of a range of Hymenoptera have found that a small percentage of diploid males produce viable diploid sperm, and that if these males mate, then the resultant females produce triploid offspring that are sterile. Here, we use microsatellite markers to determine the frequency of triploid individuals of Bombus muscorum and B. jonellus in a model island system. Triploids were found in populations of both species. Observed triploid frequencies of up to 8% were detected, and estimated total frequencies peaked at 20% with respect to normal diploid workers. For both species, triploid frequency was negatively correlated with surrogates of population size, providing direct evidence for inbreeding in small populations. Populations limited to <∼15 km2 of suitable habitat were particularly likely to harbour triploids. Estimated total triploid frequencies were higher in B. muscorum than in B. jonellus, perhaps due to the greater dispersal range of the latter species. Implications for the conservation of rare social hymenopterans are discussed.
A Framework for Trust Management in Cloud Computing Environments

: Trust is one of the most concerned obstacles for the adoption and growth of cloud computing. Although several solutions have been proposed recently in managing trust feedbacks in cloud environments, how to determine the credibility of trust feedbacks is mostly neglected. In addition, managing trust feedbacks in cloud environments is a difficult problem due to unpredictable number of cloud service consumers and highly dynamic nature of cloud environments. In this paper, propose the “Trust as a Service” (TaaS) framework to improve ways on trust management in cloud environments. In particular, an adaptive credibility model that distinguishes between credible trust feedbacks and malicious feedbacks by considering cloud service consumers’ capability and majority consensus of their feedbacks. The approaches have been validated by the prototype system and experimental results.