Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fatty Infiltration in the Cervical Extensor Muscles in Persistent Whiplash-Associated Disorders: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis

Study Design. Cross-sectional investigation of muscle changes in patients suffering from persistent whiplash-associated disorders (WAD). Objectives. To quantitatively compare the presence of fatty infiltrate in the cervical extensor musculature in a cohort of chronic whiplash patients (WAD II) and healthy control subjects across muscle and cervical segmental level. Summary of Background Data. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be regarded as the gold standard for muscle imaging; however, there is little knowledge about in vivo features of neck extensor muscles in patients suffering from persistent WAD and how fat content alters across the factors of muscle, vertebral segments, age, self-reported pain and disability, compensation status, body mass index, and duration of symptoms. Methods. A reliable MRI measure for fatty infiltrate was performed of the cervical extensor muscles bilaterally in 113 female subjects (79 WAD, 34 healthy control; 18–45 years, 3 months to 3 years post injury). The measure was performed on all subjects for the rectus capitis posterior minor and major, multifidus, semispinalis cervicis and capitis, splenius capitis, and upper trapezius. Results. The WAD subjects had significantly larger amounts of fatty infiltrate for all of the cervical extensor muscles compared with healthy control subjects (all P < 0.0001). In addition, the amount of fatty infiltrate varied by both cervical level and muscle, with the rectus capitis minor/major and multifidi at C3 having the largest amount of fatty infiltrate (P < 0.0001). Intramuscular fat was independent of age, self-reported pain/disability, compensation status, body mass index, and duration of symptoms. Conclusion. There is significantly greater fatty infiltration in the neck extensor muscles, especially in the deeper muscles in the upper cervical spine, in subjects with persistent WAD when compared with healthy controls. Future studies are required to investigate the relationships between muscular alterations and symptoms in patients suffering from persistent WAD.
Advances on Bioactive Polysaccharides from Medicinal Plants

In recent decades, the polysaccharides from the medicinal plants have attracted a lot of attention due to their significant bioactivities, such as anti-tumor activity, antioxidant activity, anticoagulant activity, antidiabetic activity, radioprotection effect, anti-viral activity, hypolipidemic and immunomodulatory activities, which make them suitable for medicinal applications. Previous studies have also shown that medicinal plant polysaccharides are non-toxic and show no side effects. Based on these encouraging observations, most researches have been focusing on the isolation and identification of polysaccharides, as well as their bioactivities. A large number of bioactive polysaccharides with different structural features and biological effects from medicinal plants have been purified and characterized. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the most recent developments in physiochemical, structural features and biological activities of bioactive polysaccharides from a number of important medicinal plants, such as polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus, Dendrobium plants, Bupleurum, Cactus fruits, Acanthopanax senticosus, Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, Aloe barbadensis Miller, and Dimocarpus longan Lour. Moreover, the paper has also been focused on the applications of bioactive polysaccharides for medicinal applications. Recent studies have provided evidence that polysaccharides from medicinal plants can play a vital role in bioactivities. The contents and data will serve as a useful reference material for further investigation, production, and application of these polysaccharides in functional foods and therapeutic agents.
The stubborn problem is stubborn no more: a polynomial algorithm for 3-compatible colouring and the stubborn list partition problem

We present a polynomial time algorithm for the 3-Compatible colouring problem, where we are given a complete graph with each edge assigned one of 3 possible colours and we want to assign one of those 3 colours to each vertex in such a way that no edge has the same colour as both of its endpoints. Consequently we complete the proof of a dichotomy for the k-Compatible Colouring problem. The tractability of the 3-Compatible colouring problem has been open for several years and the best known algorithm prior to this paper is due to Feder et al. [SODA'05] --- a quasipolynomial algorithm with a nO(logn/log log n) time complexity. Furthermore our result implies a polynomial algorithm for the Stubborn problem which enables us to finish the classification of all List Matrix Partition variants for matrices of size at most four over subsets of {0, 1} started by Cameron et al. [SODA'04].
Virtual Biopsies in Barrett's Esophagus Using an Impedance Probe

Abstract: Preliminary results of electrical impedance measurements in squamous and columnar epithelia in rat and human tissues are presented. The aim of this work is to show the possibility of differentiating these two types of epithelia in terms of their electrical characteristics. For the measurements, we employed a 1.95m‐long, 3.2‐mm‐diameter, four‐electrode probe designed to be used transendoscopically in the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus (BE). BE is a condition in which the normal squamous epithelium of the esophagus is replaced by columnar epithelium of the intestinal type. This metaplasia is considered as a premalignant condition that puts patients at a 30‐125‐fold risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. The diagnosis and surveillance of BE involve taking multiple biopsies, an expensive and time‐consuming procedure. This study constitutes the first stage in the replacement of tissue biopsy by “virtual biopsies”.
Noncontraceptive benefits of the estradiol valerate/dienogest combined oral contraceptive: a review of the literature

Combined oral contraceptives formulated to include estradiol (E2) have recently become available for the indication of pregnancy prevention. A combined estradiol valerate and dienogest pill (E2V/DNG), designed to be administered using an estrogen step-down and a progestin step-up regimen over 26 days of active treatment followed by 2 days of placebo (26/2-day regimen), has also undergone research to assess the potential for additional noncontraceptive benefits. Randomized, placebo-controlled studies have demonstrated that E2V/DNG is an effective treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding – a reduction in median menstrual blood loss approaching 90% occurs after 6 months of treatment. To date, E2V/DNG is the only oral contraceptive approved for this indication. Comparator studies have also demonstrated a reduction in hormone withdrawal-associated symptoms in users of E2V/DNG compared with a conventional 21/7-day regimen of ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel. Other potential noncontraceptive benefits associated with E2V/DNG, like improvement in dysmenorrhea, sexual function, and quality of life, are comparable with those associated with other combined oral contraceptives and are discussed further in this review.
The Protocadherin Gene Celsr3 Is Required for Interneuron Migration in the Mouse Forebrain

ABSTRACT Interneurons are extremely diverse in the mammalian brain and provide an essential balance for functional neural circuitry. The vast majority of murine cortical interneurons are generated in the subpallium and migrate tangentially over a long distance to acquire their final positions. By using a mouse line with a deletion of the Celsr3 (Flamingo, or Fmi1) gene and a knock-in of the green fluorescent protein reporter, we find that Celsr3, a member of the nonclustered protocadherin (Pcdh) family, is predominantly expressed in the cortical interneurons in adults and in the interneuron germinal zones in embryos. We show that Celsr3 is crucial for interneuron migration in the developing mouse forebrain. Specifically, in Celsr3 knockout mice, calretinin-positive interneurons are reduced in the developing neocortex, accumulated in the corticostriatal boundary, and increased in the striatum. Moreover, the laminar distribution of cortical calbindin-positive cells is altered. Finally, we found that expression patterns of NRG1 (neuregulin-1) and its receptor ErbB4, which are essential for interneuron migration, are changed in Celsr3 mutants. These results demonstrate that the protocadherin Celsr3 gene is essential for both tangential and radial interneuron migrations in a class-specific manner.
Coverage Availability for the IEEE 802.16 System over the SUI Channels with Rayleigh Fading

The coverage probability and range of IEEE 802.16 systems depend on different wireless scenarios. Evaluating the performance of IEEE 802.16 systems over Stanford University Interim (SUI) channels is suggested by IEEE 802.16 specifications. In order to derive an effective method for forecasting the coverage probability and range, this study uses the SUI channel model to analyze the coverage probability with Rayleigh fading for an IEEE 802.16 system. The BER of the IEEE 802.16 system is shown in the simulation results. Then, the maximum allowed path loss can be calculated and substituted into the coverage analysis. Therefore, simulation results show the coverage range with and without Rayleigh fading. Keywords—OFDM, coverage, SUI channel, IEEE 802.16
Presence of Host Immunoglobulin in the Gut of Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae)

Abstract Sarcoptes scabiei (De Geer) mites burrow in the nonliving stratum corneum of the epidermis of their mammalian hosts. These mites ingest extracellular fluid (serum) that seeps into the burrow from the lower vascular dermis. A strong host antibody response occurs when mites die in the skin. This suggests internal immunogenic proteins are released into the host at this time. Vaccination with internal antigens may be an approach to protect against this mite if host antibody to internal antigens that regulate key physiological processes is ingested along with serum. Our study clearly showed that scabies mites ingest host immunoglobulin as evidenced by the localization of fluorescent-labeled antibody to host immunoglobulin in the anterior midgut and esophagus of fresh mites removed from the host. This is the first study that demonstrates that this nonblood-feeding ectoparasitic mite ingests host antibody while feeding on tissue fluid that seeps into the stratum corneum.
Time‐dependent hexaminolaevulinate induced protoporphyrin IX distribution after topical application in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A fluorescence microscopy study

Compared to the conventional management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) the potential advantage of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of cervical human papilloma virus (HPV)‐related disease encompasses a minimal invasive procedure with reduced risk of profuse bleeding as a consequence of conization, and possibly more favorable long‐term results avoiding cervical stenosis. At present little is known about the precise time‐dependent distribution and histological localization of hexaminolaevulinate (HAL) induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) fluorescence in healthy tissue and in CIN. The aim of this study was to use ex vivo fluorescence microscopy to determine whether PPIX is selectively induced by neoplastic cells of the cervical epithelium at various times after topical application.
Neurocognitive Deficits Associated With ADHD in Athletes: A Systematic Review

Context: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder and is frequently diagnosed in young adults. Emerging studies suggest a relationship between ADHD and concussion. Objective: To determine whether athletes with ADHD are at increased risk for neurocognitive deficits related to concussion risk, symptom reporting, and recovery. Data Sources: A comprehensive search of PubMed, CINAHL, PsychInfo, and Cochrane Library databases was performed. Studies conducted between 2006 and 2017 were reviewed, although only those between 2013 and 2017 met inclusion criteria. Study Selection: Studies that examined neurocognitive deficits in adolescent and young adult athletes aged 15 to 19 years who had ADHD and reported using notable neuropsychological evaluation tools were included. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Results: A total of 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of ADHD in athletes varied between 4.2% and 8.1%. Overall, athletes with ADHD demonstrated lower scores on neurocognitive testing such as the ImPACT (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test), increased risk for concussion, and increased symptom reporting. There was no evidence that treatment with stimulant medication changed these risks. Conclusion: ADHD is associated with increased neurocognitive deficits in athletes, although pathophysiology remains unclear. Evidence for stimulant treatment in athletes with ADHD continues to be sparse.
Large-Scale Simulations of Plastic Neural Networks on Neuromorphic Hardware

SpiNNaker is a digital, neuromorphic architecture designed for simulating large-scale spiking neural networks at speeds close to biological real-time. Rather than using bespoke analog or digital hardware, the basic computational unit of a SpiNNaker system is a general-purpose ARM processor, allowing it to be programmed to simulate a wide variety of neuron and synapse models. This flexibility is particularly valuable in the study of biological plasticity phenomena. A recently proposed learning rule based on the Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) paradigm offers a generic framework for modeling the interaction of different plasticity mechanisms using spiking neurons. However, it can be computationally expensive to simulate large networks with BCPNN learning since it requires multiple state variables for each synapse, each of which needs to be updated every simulation time-step. We discuss the trade-offs in efficiency and accuracy involved in developing an event-based BCPNN implementation for SpiNNaker based on an analytical solution to the BCPNN equations, and detail the steps taken to fit this within the limited computational and memory resources of the SpiNNaker architecture. We demonstrate this learning rule by learning temporal sequences of neural activity within a recurrent attractor network which we simulate at scales of up to 2.0 × 104 neurons and 5.1 × 107 plastic synapses: the largest plastic neural network ever to be simulated on neuromorphic hardware. We also run a comparable simulation on a Cray XC-30 supercomputer system and find that, if it is to match the run-time of our SpiNNaker simulation, the super computer system uses approximately 45× more power. This suggests that cheaper, more power efficient neuromorphic systems are becoming useful discovery tools in the study of plasticity in large-scale brain models.
Hierarchical fuzzy configuration of implementation strategies

With complexity currently growing and broader ranges of applications having to be dealt with, increasing numbers of configuration problems are arising in compilers. Already many software systems offer multiple specialized implementation strategies and substrategies, differing in terms of applicability and/or cost, depending on the ap plication context. Configurations then have to be created from the different strategies available in accordance with the application charateristics, the global optimization objective, and potential constraints on the strategies’ combinability-resulting in many cases in a combinatorial, i.e. discrete, optimization problem. Proper solutions for automating the configuration while limiting the complexity of the solution search are still being sought. We address here the field of parallel/distributed processing and the configuration of dynamic implementation strategies such as for communication or dynamic load balancing. We present a rule-based approach, integrating fuzziness for the classification of application characteristics and for gradual selection preference in rules. The approach txtends standard fuzzy inference by a multistage organization and-with proper organization of rules, characteristics and strategies-performs hierarchical fuzzy inference. The approach is demonstrated on concrete configuration examples in parallel compilers.
Alterations in CD200-CD200R1 System during EAE Already Manifest at Presymptomatic Stages

In the brain of patients with multiple sclerosis, activated microglia/macrophages appear in active lesions and in normal appearing white matter. However, whether they play a beneficial or a detrimental role in the development of the pathology remains a controversial issue. The production of pro-inflammatory molecules by chronically activated microglial cells is suggested to contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative processes in neurological disease. In the healthy brain, neurons control glial activation through several inhibitory mechanisms, such as the CD200-CD200R1 interaction. Therefore, we studied whether alterations in the CD200-CD200R1 system might underlie the neuroinflammation in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis. We determined the time course of CD200 and CD200R1 expression in the brain and spinal cord of an EAE mouse model from presymptomatic to late symptomatic stages. We also assessed the correlation with associated glial activation, inflammatory response and EAE severity. Alterations in CD200 and CD200R1 expression were mainly observed in spinal cord regions in the EAE model, mostly a decrease in CD200 and an increase in CD200R1 expression. A decrease in the expression of the mRNA encoding a full CD200 protein was detected before the onset of clinical signs, and remained thereafter. A decrease in CD200 protein expression was observed from the onset of clinical signs. By contrast, CD200R1 expression increased at EAE onset, when a glial reaction associated with the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers occurred, and continued to be elevated during the pathology. Moreover, the magnitude of the alterations correlated with severity of the EAE mainly in spinal cord. These results suggest that neuronal-microglial communication through CD200-CD200R1 interaction is compromised in EAE. The early decreases in CD200 expression in EAE suggest that this downregulation might also occur in the initial phases of multiple sclerosis, and that this early neuronal dysfunction might facilitate the development of neuroinflammation. The increased CD200R1 expression in the EAE model highlights the potential use of targeted agonist molecules as therapeutic tools to control neuroinflammation. In summary, the CD200-CD200R1 system is a potential therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis, and CD200R1 agonists are molecules that may be worth developing in this context.
Possible venous argon gas embolism complicating argon gas enhanced coagulation during liver surgery

We report a case of a major venous argon embolism during argon beam coagulation of a liver biopsy. The essential signs were an abrupt reduction in end‐tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure, in SpO2 and in systolic arterial pressure, at the time of coagulation. Spontaneous recovery was observed within 10 min. Precautions in respect of usage are highlighted.
Reversible Effects of Photodamage Directed Toward Mitochondria

When the initial effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves mitochondrial photodamage, an early effect is loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Using murine hepatoma 1c1c7 cells and a photosensitizing agent known to target mitochondria, we examined loss of ΔΨm, initiation of apoptosis and loss of viability as a function of time and light dose. There was a correlation between loss of viability and the rapid disappearance of ΔΨm, as detected by the potential‐sensitive probe Mitotracker Orange (MTO). Loss of ΔΨm was, however, reversible even with a substantial loss of viability. Unless there was a supralethal level of photodamage, 1c1c7 cells recovered their mitochondrial membrane potential, even if the cell population was on the pathway to apoptosis and cell death. These results indicate that when mitochondria are the initial PDT target, a qualitative estimate of photokilling can be provided by assessing the initial loss of ΔΨm.
XML-hoo!: a prototype application for intelligent query of XML documents using domain-specific ontologies

Use of XML holds great promise for standardizing data models for realizing benefits such as lowered development costs and tune for integrating inter-organizational business processes and inter-organizational knowledge management. Further benefits can be realized by formally defining common semantics in ontologies using the standardized models. Automation of business processes that require sharing knowledge represented in XML-based ontologies can then be supported. In this paper a proof-of-concept application for using ontologies to support deduction of knowledge implicit in existing XML documents is presented. This system, called XML-hoo! , employs a customized portal user interface to answer queries about Shakespearian plays. Queries are answered by applying inference rules about these plays represented as axioms that comprise a Shakespearian ontology, composed of terminology corresponding to existing XML DTD's. These rules are applied to plays represented in XML that are in the public domain. Hence, answers to queries such as, "Who is Romeo's father? " can be automatically deduced even though facts required for such answers are hot explicitly structured in XML documents. This application demonstrates use of re-usable and sharable ontology representations to further leverage the expected proliferation of XML documents.
Corpus-Driven Terminology Development: Populating Swedish SNOMED CT with Synonyms Extracted from Electronic Health Records

The various ways in which one can refer to the same clinical concept needs to be accounted for in a semantic resource such as SNOMED CT. Developing terminological resources manually is, however, prohibitively expensive and likely to result in low coverage, especially given the high variability of language use in clinical text. To support this process, distributional methods can be employed in conjunction with a large corpus of electronic health records to extract synonym candidates for clinical terms. In this paper, we exemplify the potential of our proposed method using the Swedish version of SNOMED CT, which currently lacks synonyms. A medical expert inspects two thousand term pairs generated by two semantic spaces ‐ one of which models multiword terms in addition to single words ‐ for one hundred preferred terms of the semantic types disorder and finding.
On local equilibrium equations for clustering states

In this note we show that local equilibrium equations (the generalization of the TAP equations or of the belief propagation equations) do have solutions in the colorable phase of the coloring problem. The same results extend to other optimization problems where the solutions has cost zero (e.g. K-satisfiability). On a random graph the solutions of the local equilibrium equations are associated to clusters of configurations (clustering states). On a random graph the local equilibrium equations have solutions almost everywhere in the uncolored phase; in this case we have to introduce the concept quasi-solution of the local equilibrium equations.