Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of absence of critical respiratory rate change on oxygen desaturation following tracheal extubation after general anaesthesia: a propensity score-matched analysis.

BACKGROUND It has been suggested that oxygen desaturation may be paradoxically related to the absence of an abnormal respiratory rate (RR) during acoustic respiratory rate (RRa) monitoring in a postoperative setting. We retrospectively compared the incidence of desaruration in patients without an abnormal RR with that in patients with an abnormal RR using propensity scorer matching. We also explored the factors contributing to oxygen desaturation without an RR monitoring alert. METHODS We used ≤ 8 h postoperative data of the first 935 patients. Outcomes of patients with and without critical RR changes (RR > 30 or < 8 beats per min for > 2 min) (critical RR change vs. noncritical RR change) were first compared according to oxygen desaturation levels (SpO₂< 90% for > 10 s). Multivariate analysis was used to determine oxygen desaturation-associated explanatory factors. RESULTS Propensity score matching yielded 259 patients without critical RR changes and 259 patients with critical RR changes, respectively. Oxygen desaturation rates were higher in patients without critical RR changes [noncritical RR change vs. critical RR change: 39/220 (15.1%) vs. 16/243 (6.2%)]. An odds ratio and 95% CI for the noncritical RR change was 2.56 (1.38-4.55, P = 0.002). A critical change in the RRa was not observed in 576 patients; of these, oxygen desaturation was observed in 76 (13.2%) patients. Surgery duration (OR, 1.018 per 10 min increase; 95% CI, 1.002 to 1.035) was independently associated with oxygen desaturation without critical RR change. CONCLUSION Postoperative oxygen desaturation paradoxically occurred more frequently in patients without critical RR changes, whose RR was monitored by the RRa under oxygen therapy. The duration of surgery may explain the possibility of postoperative oxygen desaturation without an RRa device alert.
Real-world evolution adapts robot morphology and control to hardware limitations

For robots to handle the numerous factors that can affect them in the real world, they must adapt to changes and unexpected events. Evolutionary robotics tries to solve some of these issues by automatically optimizing a robot for a specific environment. Most of the research in this field, however, uses simplified representations of the robotic system in software simulations. The large gap between performance in simulation and the real world makes it challenging to transfer the resulting robots to the real world. In this paper, we apply real world multi-objective evolutionary optimization to optimize both control and morphology of a four-legged mammal-inspired robot. We change the supply voltage of the system, reducing the available torque and speed of all joints, and study how this affects both the fitness, as well as the morphology and control of the solutions. In addition to demonstrating that this real-world evolutionary scheme for morphology and control is indeed feasible with relatively few evaluations, we show that evolution under the different hardware limitations results in comparable performance for low and moderate speeds, and that the search achieves this by adapting both the control and the morphology of the robot.
When Traumatic Event Exposure Characteristics Matter: Impact of Traumatic Event Exposure Characteristics on Posttraumatic and Dissociative Symptoms

Objective: Traumatic events can lead to posttraumatic (posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] specific symptoms) and dissociative symptoms (PTSD nonspecific symptoms). However, the trauma exposure characteristics (type of exposure, categorical form, number of exposures and the age of the exposure) are rarely studied. We hypothesized that the characteristics of a traumatic event are the only predictors of specific posttraumatic symptoms (intrusion, avoidance, negative cognitive impairment) and nonspecific symptoms (dissociation). We also hypothesized that some characteristics of a traumatic event are specific predictors of posttraumatic symptoms, whereas other characteristics are predictors of nonspecific symptoms. Method: Three hundred nine university students participated in the study (201 men, 108 women; mean age : 19.32 years). Students completed questionnaires assessing trauma exposure characteristics, PTSD, dissociation, and burnout. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to identify predictive factors for elevated specific PTSD symptoms and elevated nonspecific PTSD symptoms. Results: A different impact of the characteristics of 1 or more traumatic events was observed on specific posttraumatic symptoms. In men, the model was significant, with 6 predictors explaining 14% to 23% of the variance of specific posttraumatic symptoms. In women, 2 predictors explaining 15% to 28% of the variance of posttraumatic symptoms were found. The characteristics of the traumatic event were not the only predictors of posttraumatic symptoms (specific and nonspecific), with emotional exhaustion playing an unexpected predictive role. Conclusions: Burnout and PTSD might share emotional exhaustion as a common risk factor for PTSD. Further studies in this area are warranted, noteworthy focusing on clinical populations.
Variations in the specific absorption coefficient for natural phytoplankton assemblages: Impact on estimates of primary production

Data collected in the estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence in summer 1989 and 1990 were analyzed to quantify horizontal variations in the spectral values of the specific absorption coefficient of phytoplankton in different natural environments and to examine the conscquenccs of assuming this specific absorption spectrum as constant when estimating primary production. Absorption spectra of total particles were measured with the glass-fiber filter technique, and absorption by phytoplankton was estimated numerically. We analyzed 369 spectra to estimate the actual extent of variations in the specific absorption coefficient by phytoplankton at several spatial scales in the St. Lawrcncc system. The potential impact of these variations on the estimation of primary production was assessed for various ecosystems with a spectral primary production model. This model takes into account chlorophyll variations with depth together with associated variations in attenuance and variations in partitioning of the various absorbing components in going from eutrophic to oligotrophic waters. Using this model, we found that, at large scale (> 1,000 km), the relative error in estimating primary production can bc as high as 24% in oligotrophic waters when a constant specific absorption spectrum is assumed. Field measurements of primary production support results dcrivcd from the model The absorption coefficient (a), an inherent property of the aquatic medium according to the definition of Preisendorfer (196 l), is a variable used in biological oceanography to model primary production. Together with the spectrum of photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), the absorption spectrum for phyto
A Phenomenological Study into the Role of Spirituality and Religiousness in the Mental Health of People with Cancer in Zimbabwe

ABSTRACT This study examines the role of spirituality in illness management and mental health of selected people with cancer in Harare, Zimbabwe. The study inspects religiosity and spiritual elements among people with cancer. Narratives of women and men with cancer situated on different body sites was gathered using qualitative methodology. Data is analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. Results indicate the central role of spiritual well-being and spirituality among people with cancer. Crucially, owing to scarcity and low uptake of institutionalized services, churches become essential conduits to cater for the spiritual well-being of people with cancer in resource constrained settings like Zimbabwe.
Social Implications of Blepharoptosis and Dermatochalasis

Purpose To investigate the social implications of blepharoptosis and dermatochalasis. Methods Two hundred ten individuals rated whole-face photographs of a series of patients based on 11 different personal characteristics: intelligence, threat, friendliness, health, trustworthiness, hard work, mental illness, financial success, attractiveness, alcoholism, and happiness. Preoperative and postoperative photographs of both male and female patients with bilateral blepharoptosis and/or dematochalasis were used. The paired t test was used to compare preoperative versus postoperative ratings on the 11 characteristics. Results The preoperative photographs were rated more negatively than were the postoperative photographs (p < 0.01) on all 11 characteristics for both male and female patients by the 210 study subjects. Conclusions Members of our society view individuals with blepharoptosis and dermatochalasis negatively. These social attitudes may lead to unjust bias toward affected patients, and surgical correction probably provides benefits beyond improved visual function.
Drowning among the lakeside fishing communities in Uganda: results of a community survey

ABSTRACT The study aimed to determine the drowning burden in four Ugandan lakeside districts; the prevalence of life jacket use, and community knowledge and attitudes regarding water safety. Subjects were recruited as they disembarked from boats. A structured questionnaire was used for demographics, experience on water, details of incidents in water, and awareness of drowning prevention measures. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews were held. The study interviewed 544 participants; 81.1% male, 86.8% below 45 years, and 51.1% involved in the fishing industry. A quarter (26.1%) of the respondents were observed wearing life jackets as they disembarked. Participants who had been in a boat that nearly capsized (57.8%), or that actually capsized (21.7%), were no more likely to wear life jackets than those who had not had these experiences. Three quarters (73.2%) did not know how to call for rescue, and only 48.7% could swim. There drowning fatality rate in this community was 502 deaths per 100,000 population. Majority of drowning events occurred during transportation (51.7%) or fishing (39.0%). The most frequently mentioned factors were stormy weather and overloading. Drowning is a common threat to young adults in the fishing communities around Lake Victoria. Few preventive interventions are in place.
When anger dominates the mind: Increased motor corticospinal excitability in the face of threat

Abstract Threat demands fast and adaptive reactions that are manifested at the physiological, behavioral, and phenomenological level and are responsive to the direction of threat and its severity for the individual. Here, we investigated the effects of threat directed toward or away from the observer on motor corticospinal excitability and explicit recognition. Sixteen healthy right‐handed volunteers completed a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) task and a separate three‐alternative forced‐choice emotion recognition task. Single‐pulse TMS to the left primary motor cortex was applied to measure motor evoked potentials from the right abductor pollicis brevis in response to dynamic angry, fearful, and neutral bodily expressions with blurred faces directed toward or away from the observer. Results showed that motor corticospinal excitability increased independent of direction of anger compared with fear and neutral. In contrast, anger was better recognized when directed toward the observer compared with when directed away from the observer, while the opposite pattern was found for fear. The present results provide evidence for the differential effects of threat direction on explicit recognition and motor corticospinal excitability. In the face of threat, motor corticospinal excitability increases independently of the direction of anger, indicative of the importance of more automatic reactions to threat.
Reduced hematopoietic stem cell frequency predicts outcome in acute myeloid leukemia

In patients with acute myeloid leukemia and low percentages of aldehyde-dehydrogenase-positive cells, non-leukemic hematopoietic stem cells can be separated from leukemic cells. By relating hematopoietic stem cell frequencies to outcome we detected poor overall- and disease-free survival of patients with low hematopoietic stem cell frequencies. Serial analysis of matched diagnostic and follow-up samples further demonstrated that hematopoietic stem cells increased after chemotherapy in patients who achieved durable remissions. However, in patients who eventually relapsed, hematopoietic stem cell numbers decreased dramatically at the time of molecular relapse demonstrating that hematopoietic stem cell levels represent an indirect marker of minimal residual disease, which heralds leukemic relapse. Upon transplantation in immune-deficient mice cases with low percentages of hematopoietic stem cells of our cohort gave rise to leukemic or no engraftment, whereas cases with normal hematopoietic stem cell levels mostly resulted in multi-lineage engraftment. Based on our experimental data, we propose that leukemic stem cells have increased niche affinity in cases with low percentages of hematopoietic stem cells. To validate this hypothesis, we developed new mathematical models describing the dynamics of healthy and leukemic cells under different regulatory scenarios. These models suggest that the mechanism leading to decreases in hematopoietic stem cell frequencies before leukemic relapse must be based on expansion of leukemic stem cells with high niche affinity and the ability to dislodge hematopoietic stem cells. Thus, our data suggest that decreasing numbers of hematopoietic stem cells indicate leukemic stem cell persistence and the emergence of leukemic relapse.
Dwarfs on Accelerators: Enhancing OpenCL Benchmarking for Heterogeneous Computing Architectures

For reasons of both performance and energy efficiency, high performance computing (HPC) hardware is becoming increasingly heterogeneous. The OpenCL framework supports portable programming across a wide range of computing devices and is gaining influence in programming next-generation accelerators. To characterize the performance of these devices across a range of applications requires a diverse, portable and configurable benchmark suite, and OpenCL is an attractive programming model for this purpose. We present an extended and enhanced version of the OpenDwarfs OpenCL benchmark suite, with a strong focus placed on the robustness of applications, curation of additional benchmarks with an increased emphasis on correctness of results and choice of problem size. Preliminary results and analysis are reported for eight benchmark codes on a diverse set of architectures -- three Intel CPUs, five Nvidia GPUs, six AMD GPUs and a Xeon Phi.
Changes in the serotonergic system in the main olfactory bulb of rats unilaterally deprived from birth to adulthood

The serotonergic system plays a key role in the modulation of olfactory processing. The present study examined the plastic response of this centrifugal system after unilateral naris occlusion, analysing both serotonergic afferents and receptors in the main olfactory bulb. After 60 days of sensory deprivation, the serotonergic system exhibited adaptive changes. Olfactory deprivation caused a general increase in the number of fibres immunopositive for serotonin but not of those immunopositive for the serotonin transporter. HPLC data revealed an increase in serotonin levels but not in those of its major metabolite, 5‐hydroxyindole acetic acid, resulting in a decrease in the 5‐hydroxyindole acetic acid/serotonin ratio. These changes were observed not only in the deprived but also in the contralateral olfactory bulb. Double serotonin–tyrosine hydroxylase immunolabelling revealed that the glomerular regions of the deprived olfactory bulb with a high serotonergic fibre density showed a strong reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase. Finally, the serotonin2A receptor distribution density and the number of juxtaglomerular cells immunopositive for serotonin2A receptor remained unaltered after olfactory deprivation. Environmental stimulation modulated the serotonergic afferents to the olfactory bulb. Our results indicate the presence of a bilateral accumulation of serotonin in the serotonergic axon network, with no changes in serotonin2A receptor density after unilateral olfactory deprivation.
Inhibition of Spontaneous Contractility of Isolated Caprine Ureter by Flupirtine

Context: Kv7 potassium channels are expressed in several types of smooth muscles and could mediate physiological responses in the tissues expressed. Flupirtine is an analgesic that acts by opening Kv7 potassium channels. It has been shown to inhibit the contractility of several types of isolated smooth muscle. Aims: This study investigated the ability of flupirtine to inhibit the spontaneous contractility of isolated distal caprine (goat) ureter. Settings and Design: Spontaneous contractility of the isolated goat ureter was recorded using a physiograph. Materials and Methods: The ability of 1, 3, 10, 30, and 90 μM concentrations of flupirtine maleate to inhibit the spontaneous contractility of isolated distal goat ureter was investigated. The ability of the nonspecific potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 1 mM) and the specific Kv7 channel blocker XE-991 (100 μM) to reverse the inhibitory effect of flupirtine on ureteric contractility was also investigated. Statistical Analysis Used: Both parametric and nonparametric statistical tests were used. Results: At 10, 30, and 90 μM concentrations, flupirtine significantly inhibited the spontaneous contractility of the isolated goat ureter. The EC50of flupirtine for a contact period of 10 min was 17.7 μM. The inhibitory effect of flupirtine on ureteric contractility was significantly reversed by 4-AP and XE-991. Conclusions: Flupirtine inhibits the spontaneous contractility of the isolated goat ureter by opening Kv7 channels.
A Multiband Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizer for a MIMO WLAN Transceiver RFIC

This work presents a shared fractionalsynthesizer used by two dual-band 802.11 radios integrated on a single chip for 2 2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) applications. Additional 2 2 MIMO chips can be used in a system by phase synchronizing the signal paths through a bidirectional LO porting scheme developed for this application. This synthesizer was fully integrated with the exception of an off-chip loop filter. The synthesizer is a -based fractionalfrequency synthesizer with three on-chip LC tuned VCOs to cover the entire frequency bands specified in the IEEE 802.11a/b/g and Japanese WLAN standards. The radio uses a variable IF frequency so that both the RF LO and IF LO can be derived from a single synthesizer saving chip area and power. The synthesizer includes a programmable second/third-order noise shaper, a phase frequency detector, a differential charge pump, and a 6-bit multimodulus divider (MMD). The nominal jitter from 100 Hz to 10 MHz is 0.63–0.86 rms in the 5-GHz band and 0.35–0.43 rms in the 2.4-GHz band. The maximum frequency deviation of the synthesizer when enabling the transmitter is less than 150 kHz and the frequency error settles to 2 kHz in less than 12 s. For MIMO applications requiring more than two full paths, a single synthesizer on one die can be used to generate the LOs for all other radios integrated in different dies.
Attachment‐Based Family Therapy for Suicidal Adolescents: A Case Study

Suicide is the primary cause of death in Australia for youth between the ages of 15 and 24. This is common worldwide as well. Unfortunately, very few treatments have been developed, tested, and successful for treating this difficult clinical problem. Attachment-Based Family Therapy (ABFT) is one of the therapies demonstrating a significant decrease in suicide ideation and attempts. The effectiveness of this model may rest on the fact that ABFT targets the clinical context (e.g., family, trauma, etc.) of this problem as well as intrapsychic processes. Based on attachment theory, the model aims to help adolescents recover a more secure attachment relationship with parents so that secure-based parenting can help protect the adolescent from future stress and self-harm. A case study is used to demonstrate how the model unfolds, systemically seeking to repair the attachment relationships while also keeping the adolescent safe from suicidal thoughts and behaviours.
Effect of UV-B Irradiation on Water-Suspended Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) Conidia and Their Larvicidal Activity in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a key limiting factor for biological pest control with entomopathogenic fungi. While little is known about the impact of UV on Metarhizium anisopliae Metchnikoff (Sorokin) (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) conidia in aquatic mosquito-breeding sites, this study determined the effect of UV-B on the viability and virulence of M. anisopliae sensu lato (s.l.) strain IP 46 in the laboratory against Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae. Conidia were treated in cups under defined water depths (0, 1, 2, and 3 cm) to six different UV-B doses (0, 0.657, 1.971, 3.942, 7.884, 11.826, or 15.768 kJ m-2) at 27 ± 2°C. The ability of treated conidia to germinate up to 24 h postexposure on PDAY + benomyl + chloramphenicol medium at 25 ± 1°C was adversely affected by higher doses of UV-B radiation regardless of the water depth. Germination, however, did not fall below 70% regardless of the test conditions. In fact, conidial virulence against second-instar larvae was not affected by either the water depth (F 3,84 = 0.3, P = 0.85) or any tested levels of UV-B radiation (F 6,21 ≤ 1.2, P ≥ 0.39) including those distinctly higher than might be expected for tropical sites. These findings strengthen previous observations that IP 46 has significant potential for use against A. aegypti larvae, even when exposed to elevated UV-B irradiance levels in the small breeding sites that are common for this important vector.