Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ExtracTable: Extracting Tables from Raw Data Files

: Raw data, especially in text-files, comes in many shapes and forms, often tailored toward human readability. They include preambles and footnotes, are formatted visually, and in general do not follow csv-guidelines. The ability to easily ingest such files into data systems opens up many opportunities for data analysis and processing. With ExtracTable, we present a system that can automatically ingest a large variety of raw data files, including text files and poorly structured csv-files by detecting row patterns and thus separating their values into coherent columns. We manually annotated 957 files of a wide variety containing 1208 tables. We show experimentally that ExtracTable can correctly parse 90% of all lines in structured files and 76% of all lines in files with a visual layout only, significantly outperforming state-of-the-art.
Accelerating Large Table Scan using Processing-In-Memory Technology

Today’s systems are capable of storing large amounts of data in main memory. Particularly, in-memory DBMSs benefit from this development. However, the processing of data from the main memory necessarily has to run via the CPU. This creates a bottleneck, which affects the possible performance of the DBMS. Processing-In-Memory (PIM) is a paradigm to overcome this problem, which was not available in commercial systems for a long time. With the availability of UPMEM, a commercial product is finally available that provides PIM technology in hardware. In this work, we focus on the acceleration of the table scan, a fundamental database query operation. We show and investigate an approach that can be used to optimize this operation by using PIM. We evaluate the PIM scan in terms of parallelism and execution time in benchmarks with different table sizes and compare it to a traditional CPU-based table scan. The result is a PIM table scan that outperforms the CPU-based scan significantly.
Pairwise Learning to Rank for Hit Song Prediction

: Predicting the popularity of songs in advance is of great interest to the music industry, possible applications include assessing the potential of a new song, automated songwriting assistants, or song recommender systems. This task was traditionally solved by using pointwise models focused on single songs, either using classification to categorize songs into classes like hit and non-hit , or regression to predict popularity metrics like play count . In this work, we draw inspiration from research on learning to rank and instead use a pairwise model. Our model takes a pair of songs 𝐴 and 𝐵 and predicts whether song 𝐴 is more popular than song 𝐵 . We present a neural network model that is trained in a pairwise fashion, as well as two data augmentation strategies for improving its performance. We also compare our model to one trained in a traditional pointwise manner. Our experiments show that the pairwise model using our proposed augmentation strategies outperforms the pointwise model.
No Mayfly: Detection and Analysis of Long-term Twitter Trends

: The focus of social media is characterized by stories about short-lived breaking news. Often, such “mayflies” make it hard to keep track of more profound topics that are prevalent over a long period of time. To provide such capabilities, we present a method to detect long-term trends based on temporal networks and community evolution. Connecting those methods with trend analysis approaches allows to study the temporal development of trends, their contextual information and how they are interrelated over time, which is of great benefit compared to existing work. Results obtained from a Twitter case study are discussed in detail and evaluated based on real-world event linkage, which proves the good functionality of the proposed method.
The Hughes Problem and others

Let X be a finite þ-group with the anti-Hughes property . (Notation is set forth in Section 2.) Any element of a finite þ-group G not in Hp (G) has order þ, hence either G/Hp(G) is non-abelian or Hp(G) ≧ (G). Therefore X has the property ; all its elements of maximal order lie in Φ (X).
Slope stability analysis based on the direct comparison of driving forces and resisting forces

The paper disproves a commonly accepted concept that the slope stability problem cannot be correctly solved without invoking the auxiliary static assumptions. The given slope stability analysis is based on the direct comparison of the driving force tending to induce a movement of the slope mass and the mobilized resisting force. A problem of separating the driving forces from the resisting forces is resolved by subdividing an area of the assumed slide mass into two segments wherein the driving forces dominate over the resisting forces at the first segment and vice versa at the other. The slope stability is assessed by the stability index that is equal to a ratio between the resisting forces and driving forces. The stability problem is reduced to determining and analyzing a distribution of the interslice force along the slip line length. A system of recurrence dependencies involving the components of the interslice force and the vertical coordinates of the thrust line is derived from the complete system of the slice equilibrium equations (equilibrium of the horizontal and vertical forces and the force moment equilibrium). This system falls into two subsystems of relations one of which involves only the components of the interslice force. From this it follows that a distribution of the interslice force does not depend on the thrust line position. The slope safety factor regulated by the design manuals for mobilizing the soil shear strength along the slip line is prescribed in advance. A computer program is developed for solving the governing recurrence relations and computing the slope stability index. The applicability of the program is confirmed by solving the problem on a calculation of the critical safety factor for three shapes of the slip line (a circular arc, and a cubic and quadratic parabola) and the stability problem of the real inhomogeneous slope consisting of four layers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Koppelman-Leray formula on complex Finsler manifolds

By means of the invariant integral kernel (the Berndtsson kernel), the complex Finsler metric and the non-linear connection associated with the Chern-Finsler connection to research into the integral representation theory on complex Finsler manifolds, the Koppelman and Koppelman-Leray formulas are obtained, and the \(\bar \partial - equation\) are solved.
Investigating the practical implementation of Shor's algorithm

The publication in 1994 of Shor's algorithm, which allows factorization of composite number N in a time polynomial in its binary length L has been the primary catalyst for the race to construct a functional quantum computer. However, it seems clear that any practical system that may be developed will not be able to perform completely error free quantum gate operations or shield even idle qubits from inevitable error effects. Hence, the practicality of quantum algorithms needs to be investigated to estimate what demands must be made of quantum error correction (QEC). Several different quantum circuits implementing the quantum period finding (QPF) subroutine, which lies at the heart of Shor's algorithm have been designed, but each tacitly assumes that arbitrary pairs of qubits can be interacted. While some architectures posses this property, many promising proposals are best suited to realizing a single line of qubits with nearest neighbor interactions only. This paper will present a circuit suitable for implementing the QPF subroutine for such linear nearest neighbor (LNN) designs. We will then present direct simulation results showing for both the LNN circuit and for a circuit utilizing arbitrary interactions, that the QPF subroutine is very sensitive to a small number of errors in the entire circuit. These results can then be used to briefly examine some of the practical issues to implementing such large scale quantum algorithms.
Irregular sets, the -transformation and the almost specification property

Let (X, d) be a compact metric space, f : X → X be a continuous map satisfying a property we call almost specification (which is slightly weaker than the g-almost product property of Pfister and Sullivan), and φ : X → R be a continuous function. We show that the set of points for which the Birkhoff average of φ does not exist (which we call the irregular set) is either empty or has full topological entropy. Every β-shift satisfies almost specification and we show that the irregular set for any β-shift or β-transformation is either empty or has full topological entropy and Hausdorff dimension.
The influence of fine-structure splitting on the mobility of atomic neon ions in neon

The mobilities of atomic neon ions in the 2P1/2 and 2P3/2 states have been measured in neon at 77, 78 and 294K and compared to the theoretical predictions of Cohen and Schneider (1975). The absolute values of the mobilities have been found to disagree with those calculated by as much as 10% which is well outside the experimental uncertainty. Theory and experiment agree that (i) at low average centre-of-mass energies the mobility of Ne+(2P1/2) in Ne is smaller than that of Ne+(2P3/2) in Ne, (ii) the difference in the mobilities decreases as the ion energy increases and (iii) both ion species show a negative temperature dependence of their mobility.
Wait-and-see strategy is justified after ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy in elderly patients with common biliary duct stones

In this study we demonstrate treatment of choledocholithiasis by ERCP is often sufficient and subsequent cholecystectomy may not be required. BACKGROUND Older patients with simultaneous main bile duct and gallbladder stones, especially those with high-surgical risks, create a common clinical dilemma. After successful endoscopic removal of main bile duct stones, should these patients undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy to reduce risk of recurrent biliary events? In this population-based cohort study, we report long-term outcomes of a wait-and-see strategy after successful endoscopic extraction of main bile duct stones. METHODS Consecutive patients 75 years or older undergoing endoscopic stone extraction without subsequent cholecystectomy in two tertiary academic centers between January 2010 and December 2018 were included. Primary outcome measure was recurrence of biliary events. Secondary outcome measures were operation-related morbidity and mortality. RESULTS A total of 450 patients (median age, 85 years; 61% female) were included, with a median follow-up time of 36 months (0–120 months). Recurrent biliary events occurred in 51 patients (11%), with a median time from index hospital admission to recurrence of 307 days (12–1993 days). The most common biliary event was acute cholecystitis (7.1%). Twelve patients had cholangitis (2.7%) and two biliary pancreatitis (0.4%). Only one patient (0.4%) underwent surgery due to later gallstone-related symptoms. Eighteen patients (4.0%) required endoscopic intervention and 16 (3.5%) underwent surgery. There were no operation-associated deaths or morbidity among those undergoing later surgical or endoscopic interventions. CONCLUSION In elderly patients, it is relatively safe to leave gallbladder in situ after successful sphincterotomy and endoscopic common bile duct stone removal. In elderly and frail patients, a wait-and-see strategy without routine cholecystectomy rarely leads to clinically significant consequences. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III.
On Double Sumudu Transform and Double Laplace Transform

In this study, first of all, we consider wave equations with constant coefficients. By using convolution we then produce a new equation with variable coefficients. Finally, we apply two techniques: double Laplace transform and double Sumudu transform to solve the new wave equation with non-constant coefficients and establish a relationship between double Sumudu transform and double Laplace transform.
Particle transport method for convection problems with reaction and diffusion

The paper is devoted to the further development of the particle transport method for the convection problems with diffusion and reaction. Here, the particle transport method for a convection–reaction problem is combined with an Eulerian finite‐element method for diffusion in the framework of the operator‐splitting approach. The technique possesses a special spatial adaptivity to resolve solution singularities possible due to convection and reaction terms. A monotone projection technique is used to transfer the solution of the convection–reaction subproblem from a moving set of particles onto a fixed grid to initialize the diffusion subproblem. The proposed approach exhibits good mass conservation and works with structured and unstructured meshes.
A smoothed maximum score estimator for the binary choice panel data model with individual fixed effects and applications to labour force participation

In a binary choice panel data model with individual effects and two time periods, Manski proposed the maximum score estimator, based on a discontinuous objective function, and proved its consistency under weak distributional assumptions. However, the rate of convergence of this estimator is low (N) and its limit distribution cannot be used for making inference. This paper overcomes this problem by applying the idea of Horowitz to smooth Manski's objective function. The paper extends the resulting smoothed maximum score estimator to the case of more than two time periods and to unbalanced panels (assuming away selectivity effects). Under weak assumptions the estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal with a rate of convergence that is at least N 2/5 and can be made arbitrarily close to N1/2, depending on the strength of the smoothness assumptions imposed. Statistical inferences can be made. The estimator is applied to an equation for labour force participation of married Dutch.
Convection, the blue edge of the RR Lyrae gap, and a comparison of one-dimensional and two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations

Two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of the interaction of convection and pulsation at the blue edge of the RR Lyrae gap were performed. These calculations confirm the results found by Stellingwerf that convection makes the blue edge bluer and that the effect is more pronounced for overtone pulsation and for lower helium abundance. This reduces the sensitivity to helium abundance of the blue edge location and of the color width of the instability strip to the extent that neither quantity can be expected to be a reliable indicator of the helium abundance in the surface layers of RR Lyrae variables in globular clusters. While the author's edge location and the general relation between convection and pulsation agree very well with those of Stellingwerf, there are differences between the calculations. These include the relative flux fraction carried by radiation and convection, which can be ascribed to the assumption by Stellingwerf that the horizontal average opacity is the opacity of the horizontal average temperature. These differences are discussed along with the sensitivity of the two-dimensional calculations to angular zoning and eddy viscosity. 20 references, 3 figures.
A catalogue of two-level and three-level fractional factorial designs with small runs

Summary Fractional factorial (FF) designs with minimum aberration are often regarded as the best designs and are commonly used in practice. There are, however, situations in which other designs can meet practical needs better. A catalogue of designs would make it easy to search for 'best' designs according to various criteria. By exploring the algebraic structure of the FF designs, we propose an algorithm for constructing complete sets of FF designs. A collection of FF designs with 16, 27, 32 and 64 runs is given.
Fractional rheological models for thermomechanical systems. Dissipation and free energies

Within the fractional derivative framework, we study thermomechanical models with memory and compare them with the classical Volterra theory. The fractional models involve significant differences in the type of kernels and predicts important changes in the behavior of fluids and solids. Moreover, an analysis of the thermodynamic restrictions provides compatibility conditions on the kernels and allows us to determine certain free energies, which in turn enables the definition of a topology on the history space. Finally, an analogous analysis is carried out for the phenomenon of heat propagation with memory.
Combined multispecies PLIF diagnostics with kHz rate in a technical fuel mixing system relevant for combustion processes

Concentration distributions of formaldehyde were measured in a technical fuel mixing system by Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) using a novel all solid state disk laser system. This compact and efficient laser generates tunable, narrow bandwidth pulses with kHz repetition rate and energies of up to 25 mJ around 1030 nm. After frequency conversion to the UV spectral region, laser pulses with energies of up to 4 mJ excite different combustion relevant species inside of a semi-technical reactor. This reactor generates a homogeneous fuel vapor/air-mixture using the so-called cool flame. Since the mixture of fuel and air is a key factor concerning efficiency of combustion, the fast fuel injection and mixing processes were investigated with this laser system. Directing a light sheet into the reactor and collecting the fluorescence with an intensified CCD camera, we recorded PLIF images of formaldehyde concentration distributions using an excitation wavelength of 343 nm. In this way we characterized the turbulence of the injection process close to the fuel injection nozzle with 1 kHz repetition rate, and proved the excellent homogeneity of the fuel-air mixture close to the end of the reactor, where fuel-air mixture was burned in a hot flame. By means of scattered light from fuel droplets the mean flow velocity could be estimated. In the hot flame above the reactor spectrally resolved LIF of OH radicals could be recorded.
TheRate: Program for ab initio direct dynamics calculations of thermal and vibrational‐state‐selected rate constants

We introduce TheRate (THEoretical RATEs), a complete application program with a graphical user interface (GUI) for calculating rate constants from first principles. It is based on canonical variational transition‐state theory (CVT) augmented by multidimensional semiclassical zero and small curvature tunneling approximations. Conventional transition‐state theory (TST) with one‐dimensional Wigner or Eckart tunneling corrections is also available. Potential energy information needed for the rate calculations are obtained from ab initio molecular orbital and/or density functional electronic structure theory. Vibrational‐state‐selected rate constants may be calculated using a diabetic model. TheRate also introduces several technical advancements, namely the focusing technique and energy interpolation procedure. The focusing technique minimizes the number of Hessian calculations required by distributing more Hessian grid points in regions that are critical to the CVT and tunneling calculations and fewer Hessian grid points elsewhere. The energy interpolation procedure allows the use of a computationally less demanding electronic structure theory such as DFT to calculate the Hessians and geometries, while the energetics can be improved by performing a small number of single‐point energy calculations along the MEP at a more accurate level of theory. The CH4+H↔CH3+H2 reaction is used as a model to demonstrate usage of the program, and the convergence of the rate constants with respect to the number of electronic structure calculations. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 19: 1039–1052, 1998
Heliospheric consequences of solar activity in geophysical and interplanetary phenomena

We have done an analysis of the total solar magnetic flux, polar coronal hole area and sunspots. We investigate their long term evolution over several solar cycles and their possible relationship with interplanetary shocks, sudden storm commencements at earth and cosmic ray variations. Our results stress a physical connection between solar magnetic flux emergence and interplanetary medium dynamics, in particular the importance of coronal hole evolution in the structuring of the heliosphere.
Smart pillow for heart-rate monitoring using a fiber optic sensor

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a new method to monitor heart rate using fiber optic microbending based sensor for in-bed non-intrusive monitoring. The sensing system consists of transmitter, receiver, sensor mat, National Instrument (NI) data acquisition (DAQ) card and a computer for signal processing. The sensor mat is embedded inside a commercial pillow. The heart rate measurement system shows an accuracy of +/-2 beats, which has been successfully demonstrated in a field trial. The key technological advantage of our system is its ability to measure heart rate with no preparation and minimal compliance by the patient.
Superposition of Interacting Aggregated Continuous-Time Markov Chains

Consider a system of interacting finite Markov chains in continuous time, where each subsystem is aggregated by a common partitioning of the state space. The interaction is assumed to arise from dependence of some of the transition rates for a given subsystem at a specified time on the states of the other subsystems at that time. With two subsystem classes, labelled 0 and 1, the superposition process arising from a system counts the number of subsystems in the latter class. Key structure and results from the theory of aggregated Markov processes are summarized. These are then applied also to superposition processes. In particular, we consider invariant distributions for the level m entry process, marginal and joint distributions for sojourn-times of the superposition process at its various levels, and moments and correlation functions associated with these distributions. The distributions are obtained mainly by using matrix methods, though an approach based on point process methods and conditional probability arguments is outlined. Conditions under which an interacting aggregated Markov chain is reversible are established. The ideas are illustrated with simple examples for which numerical results are obtained using Matlab. Motivation for this study has come from stochastic modelling of the behaviour of ion channels; another application is in reliability modelling.
Theory, Applications, and Results of the Long-Line Correlation Spectrometer

This paper considers the techniques of correlation spectroscopy as applied to the remote sensing of air-polluting gases SO2 and NO2. The occurrence of molecular absorption of solar and artificial electromagnetic radiation is used to determine the quantitative value of the gases over a long-line length. The paper will consider the instrument principles of operation, applications of a portable remote sensing system, and results for the long-line determinations of S02 and NO2 quantities. The system and application techniques presented here are in consideration of inimizing distorting and interfering factors that are inherently present in solar radiation. The remote sensing long-line system that is portable is significant to air-pollution monitoring, because it adds accurate quantitative dimension to the usual point sampling methods of measurement.