Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Wheels to Wings with Evolutionary Spiking Circuits

We give an overview of the EPFL indoor flying project, whose goal is to evolve neural controllers for autonomous, adaptive, indoor micro-flyers. Indoor flight is still a challenge because it requires miniaturization, energy efficiency, and control of nonlinear flight dynamics. This ongoing project consists of developing a flying, vision-based micro-robot, a bio-inspired controller composed of adaptive spiking neurons directly mapped into digital microcontrollers, and a method to evolve such a neural controller without human intervention. This article describes the motivation and methodology used to reach our goal as well as the results of a number of preliminary experiments on vision-based wheeled and flying robots.
VAMP 2 , but Not VAMP 3 / Cellubrevin , Mediates Insulin-dependent Incorporation of GLUT 4 into the Plasma Membrane of L 6 Myoblasts

Like neuronal synaptic vesicles, intracellular GLUT4-containing vesicles must dock and fuse with the plasma membrane, thereby facilitating insulin-regulated glucose uptake into muscle and fat cells. GLUT4 colocalizes in part with the vesicle SNAREs VAMP2 and VAMP3. In this study, we used a single-cell fluorescence-based assay to compare the functional involvement of VAMP2 and VAMP3 in GLUT4 translocation. Transient transfection of proteolytically active tetanus toxin light chain cleaved both VAMP2 and VAMP3 proteins in L6 myoblasts stably expressing exofacially myc-tagged GLUT4 protein and inhibited insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. Tetanus toxin also caused accumulation of the remaining C-terminal VAMP2 and VAMP3 portions in Golgi elements. This behavior was exclusive to these proteins, because the localization of intracellular myc-tagged GLUT4 protein was not affected by the toxin. Upon cotransfection of tetanus toxin with individual vesicle SNARE constructs, only toxin-resistant VAMP2 rescued the inhibition of insulin-dependent GLUT4 translocation by tetanus toxin. Moreover, insulin caused a cortical actin filament reorganization in which GLUT4 and VAMP2, but not VAMP3, were clustered. We propose that VAMP2 is a resident protein of the insulin-sensitive GLUT4 compartment and that the integrity of this protein is required for GLUT4 vesicle incorporation into the cell surface in response to insulin.
Artificial neural network for software quality evaluation based on the metric analysis

Need and concept of software quality evaluation using artificial neural network (ANN) is described in the article. Architecture and structure of an artificial neural network of quality evaluation have been developed. The process of ANN training and testing was investigated. Research of ANN functioning results was conducted. ANN on the basis of design stage metrics analysis allows to make a comparative analysis of different projects and choose the best one of the characteristics of complexity and quality.
Mucosal defences against Giardia

Giardia lamblia (syn. G. duodenalis or G. intestinalis), the causative agent of giardiasis, is one of the most common causes worldwide of intestinal infections in humans. Symptomatic infection is characterized by diarrhoea, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss, yet many infections are asymptomatic. The protozoan, unicellular parasite resides in the lumen and attaches to the epithelium and overlying mucus layers but does not invade the mucosa and causes little or no mucosal inflammation. Giardiasis is normally transient, indicating the existence of effective host defences, although re‐infections can occur, which may be related to differences in infecting parasites and/or incomplete immune protection. Mucosal defences against Giardia must act in the small intestinal lumen in the absence of induction by classical inflammatory mediators. Secretory IgA antibodies have a central role in anti‐giardial defence. B cell‐independent mechanisms also exist and can contribute to eradication of the parasite, although their identity and physiological importance are poorly understood currently. Possible candidates are nitric oxide, antimicrobial peptides such as Paneth cell α‐defensins, and lactoferrin. Elucidation of the key anti‐giardial effector mechanisms will be important for selecting the best adjuvants in the rational development of vaccination strategies against Giardia.
Reaching the Hard-to-Reach: A Probability Sampling Method for Assessing Prevalence of Driving under the Influence after Drinking in Alcohol Outlets

Drinking alcoholic beverages in places such as bars and clubs may be associated with harmful consequences such as violence and impaired driving. However, methods for obtaining probabilistic samples of drivers who drink at these places remain a challenge – since there is no a priori information on this mobile population – and must be continually improved. This paper describes the procedures adopted in the selection of a population-based sample of drivers who drank at alcohol selling outlets in Porto Alegre, Brazil, which we used to estimate the prevalence of intention to drive under the influence of alcohol. The sampling strategy comprises a stratified three-stage cluster sampling: 1) census enumeration areas (CEA) were stratified by alcohol outlets (AO) density and sampled with probability proportional to the number of AOs in each CEA; 2) combinations of outlets and shifts (COS) were stratified by prevalence of alcohol-related traffic crashes and sampled with probability proportional to their squared duration in hours; and, 3) drivers who drank at the selected COS were stratified by their intention to drive and sampled using inverse sampling. Sample weights were calibrated using a post-stratification estimator. 3,118 individuals were approached and 683 drivers interviewed, leading to an estimate that 56.3% (SE = 3,5%) of the drivers intended to drive after drinking in less than one hour after the interview. Prevalence was also estimated by sex and broad age groups. The combined use of stratification and inverse sampling enabled a good trade-off between resource and time allocation, while preserving the ability to generalize the findings. The current strategy can be viewed as a step forward in the efforts to improve surveys and estimation for hard-to-reach, mobile populations.
Fast intrusion detection by using high speed focused time delay neural networks

E-government is an important issue which integrates existing local area networks into a global network that provide many services to the nation citizens. This network requires a strong security infrastructure to guarantee the confidentiality of national data and the availability of government services. In this paper, a framework for network intrusion detection systems is presented. Such framework utilizes data mining techniques and is customized for the E-Government Network (EGN). It consists of two phases: an offline phase in which the intrusion detection system learns the normal usage profiles for each local network domain, and a real time intrusion detection phase. In the real time phase, known attacks are detected at a global layer at the EGN perimeters while normal behavior is filtered out at a local layer defined for each LAN domain. Clustering is used to focus the analysis on the remaining suspicious activity and identify whether it represents new intrusive or normal behavior. This framework is intended to detect intrusions in real-time, achieve low false alarm rates, and continuously adapt to the environment changes and emergence of new behavior. In this paper the work presented in [22-24] is developed. An intelligent approach to detect intrusion codes by using new high speed focused time delay neural networks is introduced. Such approach relis on performing cross correlation in the frequency domain between data traffic and the input weights of fast focused time delay neural networks (FFTDNNs). It is proved mathematically and practically that the number of computation steps required for the presented FFTDNNs is less than that needed by conventional time delay neural networks (CTDNNs). Simulation results using MATLAB confirm the theoretical computations.
Triptans and migraine: advances in use, administration, formulation, and development

ABSTRACT Introduction: Recent triptan development has focused on new administration methods and formulations, triptan combination therapies, treatment in menstrually related migraines, and novel serotonin receptor subtype agonists (5HTf). Areas covered: Clinical triptan research related to migraine was reviewed, analyzing EMBASE and PUBMED data bases from 01/01/2011 to 06/29/2016, with a focus on clinical trials of class 1 or 2 level of evidence. There have been advances in drug combination therapies, as well as administration devices that aid in ease of use, increase efficacy, and decrease adverse reactions. Some new agents and devices have similar or less efficacy compared to previous generic triptan formulations. New agents have action at the 5HTf receptor subtype, and avoid vascular side effects of classic 5Ht1b/d agonists, however adverse reactions may limit their clinic use. Long half-life triptans, frovatriptan and naratriptan, do appear to have good benefit in menstral related migraine. Expert opinion: Recent advances in triptan development can offer some advantages to migraine therapy and patient preferences, but have a much higher cost compared to individual generic triptan agents. In the coming years, triptan advances with high efficacy, limiting ADRs and cost are welcomed, in this regard the 5HT1b/d triptans are already well established.
Encoding-Stage Adaptation Effects: Long-Term Memory

Given adaptation changes perceptual experience, it probably shapes long-term memory (LTM). Across four experiments, participants were adapted to strongly gendered (male, female: Experiments 1 and 2) or aged faces (old, young: Experiments 3 and 4) before LTM encoding and later completed an LTM test in which the encoded faces were morphed with the opposite end of the relevant continuum. At retrieval, participants judged whether probe faces were more or less male or female or young or old than when presented during encoding. For male, female, and young faces, encoding-stage adaptation significantly shifted the point of subjective equality in the unadapted direction. Additionally, encoding-stage adaptation significantly enhanced recognition of faces during LTM retrieval. We conclude that encoding-related adaptation is reflected in LTM.
The Hemagglutinin Stem-Binding Monoclonal Antibody VIS410 Controls Influenza Virus-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

ABSTRACT Most cases of severe influenza are associated with pulmonary complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and no antiviral drugs of proven value for treating such complications are currently available. The use of monoclonal antibodies targeting the stem of the influenza virus surface hemagglutinin (HA) is a rapidly developing strategy for the control of viruses of multiple HA subtypes. However, the mechanisms of action of these antibodies are not fully understood, and their ability to mitigate severe complications of influenza has been poorly studied. We evaluated the effect of treatment with VIS410, a human monoclonal antibody targeting the HA stem region, on the development of ARDS in BALB/c mice after infection with influenza A(H7N9) viruses. Prophylactic administration of VIS410 resulted in the complete protection of mice against lethal A(H7N9) virus challenge. A single therapeutic dose of VIS410 given 24 h after virus inoculation resulted in dose-dependent protection of up to 100% of mice inoculated with neuraminidase inhibitor-susceptible or -resistant A(H7N9) viruses. Compared to the outcomes in mock-treated controls, a single administration of VIS410 improved viral clearance from the lungs, reduced virus spread in lungs in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in a lower lung injury score, reduced the extent of the alteration in lung vascular permeability and protein accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and improved lung physiologic function. Thus, antibodies targeting the HA stem can reduce the severity of ARDS and show promise as agents for controlling pulmonary complications in influenza.
Regulation of Transforming Growth Factor‐β1‐Mediated Apoptosis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The apoptotic cell death in Cal‐27 cells induced by exposure to transforming growth factor‐β1 was inhibited by the endonuclease inhibitor aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) in a concentration‐dependent fashion. In vitro studies of cytotoxicity, DNA fragmentation, and protein synthesis by Cal‐27 cell lines were performed. Inhibition of cytotoxicity as well as endonucleolytic DNA cleavage was detected. ATA did not inhibit cytotoxicity either via transforming growth factor cell‐surface‐receptor alteration or by inhibition of macromolecular synthesis. ATA‐sensitive events occurred late during treatment. These data suggest that endonucleolytic DNA cleavage is a mandatory event leading to cell death in this system.
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF SKILLED PLAYERS DURING A COMPETITIVE WHEELCHAIR TENNIS MATCH

The purpose of this study was to determine heart rate (HR, b·min−1) response during competitive match play of 6 men who were skilled wheelchair (WC) tennis players. Each participant completed an arm crank ergometer test that measured HR via a telemetry device and &OV0312;O2 via open circuit spirometry from rest until fatigue (&OV0312;O2peak). Each athlete participated in 2 competitive singles matches during which HRs were recorded in 5-second intervals and &OV0312;O2 was estimated using the corresponding HR values recorded during the arm ergometer tests. Data analysis revealed an average playing intensity of 69.4 ± 8.9% of HRpeak and 49.9 ± 14.5% of &OV0312;O2peak. In conclusion, it is recommended that skilled adult WC tennis players perform off-court aerobic conditioning as part of their training program, because the intensity of a competitive WC tennis match is sufficiently high enough to stress the cardiovascular system.
Review: Population Games and Evolutionary Dynamics. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2011, xxv + 589 pp., ISBN 978-0-262-19587-4, $65. by William H. Sandholm

Population Games and Evolutionary Dynamics. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2011, xxv + 589 pp., ISBN 978-0-262-19587-4, $65. by William H. Sandholm Review by: Bonnie Shulman The American Mathematical Monthly, Vol. 119, No. 4 (April 2012), pp. 352-356 Published by: Mathematical Association of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor. org/stable/10.4169/amer.math.monthly.119. 04.352 . Accessed: 16/10/2012 16:29
OCR Error Correction Using Statistical Machine Translation

In this paper, we explore the use of a statistical machine translation system for optical character recognition (OCR) error correction. We investigate the use of word and character-level models to support a translation from OCR system output to correct french text. Our experiments show that character and word based machine translation correction make signiﬁcant improvements to the quality of the text produced through digitization. We test the approach on historical data provided by the National Library of France. It shows a relative Word Error Rate reduction of 60% at the word-level, and 54% at the character level.
Evidence for Antagonistic Regulation of Cell Growth by the Calcineurin and High Osmolarity Glycerol Pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae*

Because Ca2+ signaling of budding yeast, through the activation of calcineurin and the Mpk1/Slt2 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, performs redundant function(s) in the events essential for growth, the simultaneous deletion of both these pathways (Δcnb1 Δmpk1) leads to lethality. A PTC4 cDNA that encodes a protein phosphatase belonging to the PP2C family was obtained as a high dosage suppressor of the lethality of Δcnb1 Δmpk1 strain. Overexpression of PTC4 led to a decrease in the high osmolarity-induced Hog1 phosphorylation, and HOG1 deletion remarkably suppressed the synthetic lethality, indicating an antagonistic role of the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway and the Ca2+ signaling pathway in growth regulation. The calcineurin-Crz1 pathway was required for the down-regulation of the HOG pathway. Analysis of the time course of actin polarization, bud formation, and the onset of mitosis in synchronous cell cultures demonstrated that calcineurin negatively regulates actin polarization at the bud site, whereas the HOG pathway positively regulates bud formation at a later step after actin has polarized.
POSSIBLE STRATEGIES TO PROLONG CIRCUIT LIFE DURING HEMOFILTRATION: THREE CONTROLLED STUDIES

Background and Aims: The prevention of filter clotting is an important goal in the management of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Anticoagulation is the mainstay of such prevention. However, other strategies might prolong filter life without increasing the risk of bleeding. We tested the effectiveness of three strategies (use of flat plate configuration, heparin administration into the air chamber and use of a larger membrane surface) aimed at prolonging circuit life without increasing the dose of anticoagulation. Methods: Thirty-one critically ill patients with acute renal failure (ARF) managed with continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) were studied. Filters were randomized in a crossover design to three consecutive studies: (1) filtration with either hollow-fiber or flat-plate hemofilters, (2) administration of heparin dose pre-filter or divided into pre-filter and directly into the bubble trap chamber and (3) use of two different surface areas with Filtral 8 (surface area 0.75 m2) vs. Filtral 12 (surface area 1.30 m2) hemofilters. Results: Mean circuit life for flat-plate and hollow-fiber hemofilters (cohort 1) was 14.7 ± 4.7 h and 17.1 ± 2.8 h respectively (NS). Mean circuit life for single heparin administration site vs. double site administration (cohort 2) was 17 ± 3.2 h and 18 ± 3.1 h respectively (NS). Mean circuit lifespan for 0.75 m2 and 1.30 m2 hemofilters was 16 ± 12.2 h and 15.7 ± 14.3 h respectively (NS) (cohort 3). Visible clot formation in the bubble trap chamber was a frequent cause of circuit failure. Conclusion: Neither flat plate membrane configuration nor increasing membrane surface area, nor heparin administration in the air chamber prolong circuit life during CVVH. The bubble trap chamber is a frequent site of circuit clotting.
Ontogeny of B-lymphocyte function. II. Ability of endotoxin to increase the heterogeneity of affinity of the immune response of B lymphocytes from fetal mice

The ontogeny of the functional capacity of B lymphocytes to generate a heterogeneous response to a haptenic determinant was studied by cell transfer techniques in LAF1 mice. Fetal liver, as a source of B lymphocytes, was transferred into adult, syngeneic, irradiated animals. All recipients received excess adult thymus cells so that T-cell activity did not limit the response and were immunized with DNP-BGG. The heterogeneity of avidity of their anti-DNP PFC response was assayed by hapten inhibition of plaque formation. Animals reconstituted with B lymphocytes from fetal donors produced a response that is highly restricted with respect to heterogeneity of affinity. Transfer studies using multiple fetal donors or mixtures of adult and neonatal cells for reconstitution suggest that the restriction in heterogeneity is not the consequence of suppressor T-lymphocyte activity. With animals reconstituted with B cells from day 16 or older fetal donors, injection of LPS together with antigen converted the response to a heterogeneous "adult-type" response. With animals reconstituted with B lymphocytes from day 14 fetal liver DxSO4, but not LPS, could convert the response to a highly heterogeneous one. Animals reconstituted with day 14 or 16 fetal liver as source of B lymphocytes were capable of producing a heterogeneous secondary response despite the fact that their primary response was of restricted heterogeneity. This implies the selection of high affinity B-memory cells, in the absence of high affinity PFC during the primary response with fetal B lymphocytes. Animals reconstituted with day 14 or 16 fetal liver produce only direct PFC, while animals reconstituted with day 18 fetal liver produce both direct and indirect PFC. Three differentiation events have therefore been defined in the functional development of B lymphocytes: (a) between day 14 and day 16 of fetal life they acquire responsiveness to LPS; (B) BETWEEN DAY 16 AND 18 OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT THEY ACQUire the capacity to produce indirect PFC; (C) between day 7 and 10 after birth they acquire the capacity to give a heterogeneous response after normal immunization. In addition, it was shown that LAF1 mice already have all of the information required to produce an "adult-type" heterogeneous anti-DNP response at day 14 of fetal life.
Splitting of Compound Terms in non-Prototypical Compounding Languages

Compounding is present in a large variety of languages in different proportions. Compound rate in the text obviously depends on the language, but also on the genre and the domain. Scientific and technical texts are especially conducive to compounding, even in the languages that are not traditionally admitted as highly compounding ones. In this article we address compound splitting of specialized terms. We propose a multi-lingual method of compound recognition and splitting, which uses corpus frequencies, lexical data and optionally linguistic rules. This is a supervised method which requires a small amount of segmented compounds as input. We evaluate the method on two languages that rarely serve as a material for automatic splitting systems: English and Russian. The results obtained are competitive with those of a state-of-the-art corpus-driven approach.
The Cohomology of Weight Varieties by

We describe the cohomology ring of the symplectic reductions by tori of coadjoint orbits, or weight varieties. Weight varieties arise from representation theory considerations, and are temed as such because they are the symplectic analogue of the T-isotypic components (weight spaces) of irreducible representations of G. Recently, Tolman and Weitsman expressed the (ordinary) cohomology ring for the abelian quotients of any Hamiltonian T space M in terms of other data, such as the equivariant cohomology of M and the restriction in equivariant cohomology to the fixed points. While the TolmanWeitsman result indicates that a finite number of calculations is necessary to find the cohomology ring of a weight variety, one must choose among an infinite number the relevant ones. Furthermore, there is no systematic way to carry out the calculations. Here we apply the Tolman-Weitsman result to the specific case of weight varieties. Using results of Kirwan, Goresky-KottwitzMacPherson, Atiyah-Bott, Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand, and Kostant, we find a simplification which allows an explicit description for the cohomology rings of weight varieties for SU(n) coadjoint orbits. Our method consists of two distinct contributions to the work of previous authors: an explicit list of a finite number of sufficient calculations, and a method for carrying out these calculations. Thesis Supervisor: Victor Guillemin Title: Professor of Mathematics