Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of a brushless PM starter-generator for low-cost manufacture and a high-aspect-ratio mechanical space envelope

This paper presents results from a design study into a brushless PM starter-generator. The automotive application demands a low-cost solution within a highly constrained mechanical space-envelope. Material costs are reduced through the use of ferrite permanent magnets and aluminium conductors. Design challenges include the selection of an appropriate machine topology to realise a high specific output given the lower performance materials and managing the additional losses associated with the higher resistivity of an aluminium winding. The problem is further exacerbated by the demanding space-envelope, operating requirements and the necessity of a design suited to volume manufacture. The packaging arrangement suits an internal-rotor radial-flux topology and the limited mechanical space-envelope means that the aspect ratio of the stator outer diameter to the machine active length is high. The design approach outlined in the paper combines numerical electromagnetic analyses with a lumped parameter thermal model and is calibrated with tests on machine subassemblies. The methodology allows for a more informed design process, where the manufacture and assembly nuances affecting the performance of the starter-generator are identified and accounted for prior to the prototyping of a complete machine assembly.
Optimal Spherical Harmonics Projection

We introduce the reader to the mathematics behind projection of n-dimensional vectors into a basis on n-dimensional space, where n can be anything upto and including infinity. We show how ideally one wants to project into the duals of a basis if this basis is not orthonormal, and provide the mathematics to formulate this operation in matrix form. The second part of the article discusses spherical harmonics projection of real-valued scalar functions on S2, used in realtime global illumination applications and conclude that projection into the dual basis is equal to calculating a least-squares solution.
Effect of Humic Fractions and Clay on Biodegradation of Phenanthrene by a Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain Isolated from Soil

ABSTRACT The mineralization of phenanthrene in pure cultures of aPseudomonas fluorescens strain, isolated from soil, was measured in the presence of soil humic fractions and montmorillonite. Humic acid and clay, either separately or in combination, shortened the acclimation phase. A higher mineralization rate was measured in treatments with humic acid at 100 μg/ml. Humic acid at 10 μg/ml stimulated the transformation only in the presence of 10 g of clay per liter. We suggest that sorption of phenanthrene to these soil components may result in a higher concentration of substrate in the vicinity of the bacterial cells and therefore may increase its bioavailability.
Amphibian defenses against ultraviolet‐B radiation

SUMMARY As part of an overall decline in biodiversity, amphibian populations throughout the world are disappearing. There are a number of potential causes for these declines, including those related to environmental changes such as increasing ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation due to stratospheric ozone depletion. UV‐B radiation can kill amphibian embryos or can cause sublethal effects that can harm amphibians in later life stages. However, amphibians have defenses against UV‐B damage that can limit damage or repair it after exposure to UV‐B radiation. These include behavioral, physiological, and molecular defenses. These defenses differ interspecifically, with some species more able to cope with exposure to UV‐B than others. Unfortunately, the defense mechanisms of many species may not be effective against increasing persistent levels of UV‐B radiation that have only been present for the past several decades due to human‐induced environmental damage. Moreover, we predict that persistent UV‐B–induced mortality and sublethal damage in species without adequate defenses could lead to changes in community structure. In this article we review the effects of UV‐B radiation on amphibians and the defenses they use to avoid solar radiation and make some predictions regarding community structure in light of interspecific differences in UV‐B tolerance.
Implicit self and affect regulation: Effects of action orientation and subliminal self priming in an affective priming task

Two studies examined the impact of subliminal self-activation on affect regulation among action- versus state-oriented individuals. Action orientation is a regulatory mode characterized by decisiveness and initiative, whereas state orientation is a regulatory mode characterized by indecisiveness and hesitation. According to the model of intuitive affect regulation (Koole & Kuhl, in press), action-oriented individuals have stronger associations between the implicit self and affect regulation systems than state-oriented individuals. This prediction was tested in an affective priming task (Fazio, Sanbonmatsu, Powell, & Kardes, 1986). As expected, subliminal self primes triggered down-regulation of negative affect among action-oriented participants. By contrast, subliminal self primes triggered persistence of negative affect among state-oriented participants. Supraliminal self primes had no parallel effects. The implicit self may thus play a key role in affect regulation and volitional action control.
The Sensor Kinase GacS Negatively Regulates Flagellar Formation and Motility in a Biocontrol Bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6

The GacS/GacA two component system regulates various traits related to the biocontrol potential of plant-associated pseudomonads. The role of the sensor kinase, GacS, differs between strains in regulation of motility. In this study, we determined how a gacS mutation changed cell morphology and motility in Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6. The gacS mutant cells were elongated in stationary-phase compared to the wild type and the complemented gacS mutant, but cells did not differ in length in logarithmic phase. The gacS mutant had a two-fold increase in the number of flagella compared with the wild type strain; flagella number was restored to that of the wild type in the complemented gacS mutant. The more highly flagellated gacS mutant cells had greater swimming motilities than that of the wild type strain. Enhanced flagella formation in the gacS mutant correlated with increased expression of three genes, fleQ, fliQ and flhF, involved in flagellar formation. Expression of these genes in the complemented gacS mutant was similar to that of the wild type. These findings show that this root-colonizing pseudomonad adjusts flagella formation and cell morphology in stationary-phase using GacS as a major regulator.
Cadmium content of phosphate fertilizers used for tobacco production

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaves may accumulate relatively high levels of cadmium (Cd). The presence of cadmium in soils originates from both natural and anthropogenic sources. In particular, phosphate fertilizers can contain high Cd levels due to the presence of cadmium in the phosphate rock used for their manufacture. In order to investigate the Cd concentration in phosphate fertilizers used for tobacco production, fertilizers were sampled worldwide and analyzed for Cd and phosphorus. Concentrations ranged from 0.08 ± 0.14 to 97.50 ± 8.74 g Cd/t P 2 O 5 . In some cases, these levels could be explained by the phosphate rock origins. Some of the Cd contained in the fertilizer appeared bioavailable, as determined by diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) extraction. Although the bioavailability of the Cd added through these sources to the tobacco plants in the field is not known, the use of fertilizers containing high Cd concentrations should be avoided to protect the soil from gradually accumulating this element and to avoid possible additional Cd presence in crops. Therefore, while several strategies may be followed to reduce the Cd concentration in tobacco leaves, the implementation of new agricultural practices such as the screening of the fertilizer source may also contribute to reducing further soil accumulation of Cd.
Accurate approximation formulas for stock options with discrete dividends

Pricing options on a stock that pays discrete dividends has not been satisfactorily settled in the literature. Frishling (2002) shows that there are three different models to model stock price with discrete dividends, but only one of these models is close to reality and generates consistent option prices. We follow Frishling (2002) by calling this model Model 3. Unfortunately, there is no analytical option pricing formula for Model 3, and many popular numerical methods such as trees are inefficient when used to implement Model 3. A new stock price model is proposed in this article. To guarantee that the option prices generated by this new model are close to those generated by Model 3, the distributions of the new model at exdividend dates and maturity approximate the distributions of Model 3 at those dates. To achieve this, a discrete dividend in Model 3 is replaced by a continuous dividend yield that can be represented as a function of discrete dividends and stock returns in the new model. Thus, the new model follows a lognormal diffusion process and the analytical option pricing formulas can be easily derived. Numerical experiments show that our analytical pricing formulas provide accurate pricing results.
Comparison of treatment effects between animal experiments and clinical trials: systematic review

Objective To examine concordance between treatment effects in animal experiments and clinical trials. Study design Systematic review. Data sources Medline, Embase, SIGLE, NTIS, Science Citation Index, CAB, BIOSIS. Study selection Animal studies for interventions with unambiguous evidence of a treatment effect (benefit or harm) in clinical trials: head injury, antifibrinolytics in haemorrhage, thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke, tirilazad in acute ischaemic stroke, antenatal corticosteroids to prevent neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, and bisphosphonates to treat osteoporosis. Review methods Data were extracted on study design, allocation concealment, number of randomised animals, type of model, intervention, and outcome. Results Corticosteroids did not show any benefit in clinical trials of treatment for head injury but did show a benefit in animal models (pooled odds ratio for adverse functional outcome 0.58, 95% confidence interval 0.41 to 0.83). Antifibrinolytics reduced bleeding in clinical trials but the data were inconclusive in animal models. Thrombolysis improved outcome in patients with ischaemic stroke. In animal models, tissue plasminogen activator reduced infarct volume by 24% (95% confidence interval 20% to 28%) and improved neurobehavioural scores by 23% (17% to 29%). Tirilazad was associated with a worse outcome in patients with ischaemic stroke. In animal models, tirilazad reduced infarct volume by 29% (21% to 37%) and improved neurobehavioural scores by 48% (29% to 67%). Antenatal corticosteroids reduced respiratory distress and mortality in neonates whereas in animal models respiratory distress was reduced but the effect on mortality was inconclusive (odds ratio 4.2, 95% confidence interval 0.85 to 20.9). Bisphosphonates increased bone mineral density in patients with osteoporosis. In animal models the bisphosphonate alendronate increased bone mineral density compared with placebo by 11.0% (95% confidence interval 9.2% to 12.9%) in the combined results for the hip region. The corresponding treatment effect in the lumbar spine was 8.5% (5.8% to 11.2%) and in the combined results for the forearms (baboons only) was 1.7% (−1.4% to 4.7%). Conclusions Discordance between animal and human studies may be due to bias or to the failure of animal models to mimic clinical disease adequately.
By train or by car? Detecting the user's motion type through smartphone sensors data

Nowadays, the increasing popularity of smartphone devices equipped with multiple sensors (e.g. accelerometer, gyroscope, etc) have opened several possibilities to the deployment of novel and exciting context-aware mobile applications. In this paper, we exploit one of this possibility, by investigating how to detect the user motion type through sensors data collected by a smartphone. Our study combines experimental and analytical contributions, and it is structured in three parts. First, we collected experimental data that demonstrate the existence of specific sensors data patterns associated to each motion type, and we propose methods for data analysis and features extraction. Second, we compare the performance of different supervised algorithms for motion type classification, and we demonstrate that jointly utilizing the multiple sensor inputs of a smartphone (i.e. the accelerometer and the gyroscope) can significantly improve the accuracy of the classifiers. At the same time, we analyze the impact of sampling parameters (e.g. the sampling rate) on the system performance, and the corresponding trade-off between classification accuracy and energy consumption of the device. Third, we integrate the motion type recognition algorithm into an Android application, that allows to associate a specific smartphone configuration to each detected motion type, and to provide this information at system-level to other context-aware Android applications. Experimental results demonstrate the ability of our application in detecting the user's motion type with high accuracy, and in mitigating the classification errors caused by random data fluctuations.
Investigating dynamic functional connectivity during NREM sleep using combined EEG-fMRI

Brain activity recoded with EEG during sleep is shown to be dynamic. However the relationship between this dynamic activity and the brain’s functional architecture is not well understood. The aim is to investigate the sensitivity of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) functional connectivity (FC) in the assessment of dynamic changes in brain function with sleep stage, focussing on the FC of intrinsically connected networks (ICNs) underlying functionality. Firstly the dynamic capability of resting-state fMRI signal fluctuations to calculate FC is investigated, highlighting the benefits of dynamic FC analysis and the validity of measuring FC using thirty-second epochs. Simultaneous EEG-fMRI was then used to investigate the effects of sleep on ICN FC, showing ICN re-organisation with sleep stage, which is modulated by prior wakefulness and sleep history. Furthermore, the network reorganisation was specific to certain ICNs, providing evidence for their association with sleep-wake behaviour. We also show FC variability between epochs of the same sleep stage, suggesting additional dynamic FC changes across the sleep cycle, a promising area of future investigation. Overall, this work demonstrates that dynamic FC is a useful measure of brain activity during sleep and regionally specific functional brain reorganisation can be used as a sensitive marker of the sleeping brain.
Navigation Function-Based Control of Multiple Wheeled Vehicles

In this paper, a collision-free navigation method for a group of autonomous wheeled vehicles is investigated. The position and orientation information of individual vehicles is transformed to navigation variables, which are the distance left to the goal position, the angle made by the orientation of the vehicle at the goal position and the vehicle-to-target (v-to-t) vector, and the angle made by the heading direction of the vehicle and the v-to-t vector. As a Lyapunov function for deriving a smooth control law that drives all the vehicles from an initial configuration to a goal configuration, a new navigation function that incorporates the squared norm of the navigation variables, the boundaries of collision-free areas, and the angles made by the vehicle heading direction and the vehicle-to-obstacle (v-to-o) vectors is proposed. The asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is proved. The effectiveness of the developed algorithm is illustrated through three simulations (three vehicles in a free environment, three vehicles in the presence of a static obstacle, and eight vehicles operating along a corridor) and two experiments (static and moving obstacles avoidance). The proposed algorithm has been implemented on a real forklift and the navigation of the forklift from an arbitrary initial configuration to a goal configuration while avoiding collisions has been demonstrated.
Universal Turing Machine

Game-theoretic modalities and the Internet have garnered profound interest from both security experts and system administrators in the last several years. In fact, few physicists would disagree with the understanding of the Turing machine, which embodies the intuitive principles of algorithms. In our research, we concentrate our eﬀorts on demonstrating that XML can be made homogeneous, loss-less, and stochastic.
Dedekind cotangent sums

Let a,a1,. ,ad be positive integers, m1,. ,md nonnegative integers, and z1,. ,zd complex numbers. We study expressions of the form X k mod a d Y j=1 cot (mj) kaj a + z j . Here the sum is taken over all k mod a for which the summand is not singular. These Dedekind cotangent sums generalize and unify various arithmetic sums introduced by Dedekind, Rademacher, Apostol, Carlitz, Zagier, Berndt, Meyer, Sczech, and Dieter. Generalized Dedekind sums appear in various areas such as analytic and algebraic number theory, topology, algebraic and combinatorial geometry, and algorithmic complexity. We prove reciprocity laws, Petersson-Knopp identities, and computability statements for the Dedekind cotangent sums.
Attentional Focusing Instructions Influence Force Production and Muscular Activity During Isokinetic Elbow Flexions

Marchant DC, Greig M, and Scott C. Attentional focusing instructions influence force production and muscular activity during isokinetic elbow flexions. J Strength Cond Res 23(8): 2358-2366, 2009-Appropriate verbal instruction is critical to effective guidance of movements. Internal (movement focus) and external (outcome focus) attentional focusing instructions have been shown to influence movement kinetics and muscular activity; this study investigated their effects during a force production task. Twenty-five participants (mean age of 22.72 ± 1.88 years) completed 10 repetitions of single-arm elbow flexions on an isokinetic dynamometer while electromyographical activity of the biceps brachii and net joint elbow flexor torque were measured. Three trials were completed: a control trial to attain maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) data, followed by counterbalanced trials internal and external attentional focus conditions. The external focus exhibited a significantly (p < 0.05) higher peak net joint torque (102.10 ± 2.42%MVC) than the internal condition (95.33 ± 2.08%MVC) and also a greater integral of the torque-time curve (99.90 ± 2.91%MVC) than the internal condition (93.80 ± 2.71%MVC). In addition, the external focus resulted in lower peak electromyography (134.43 ± 16.83%MVC) response when compared with the internal focus condition (155.23 ± 22.54%MVC) as well as lower mean integrated electromyography (127.55 ± 12.24%MVC) than the internal condition (154.99 ± 19.44%MVC). Results indicate that an external attentional focus results in significantly greater force production and lower muscular activity during isokinetic elbow flexions when compared with an internal focus. When instructing clients during maximal force production tasks, practitioners should tailor their instructions to emphasize an external focus of attention. Specifically, attention should be directed onto the movement of the object being moved and away from the specific bodily movements involved in the action.
Avoiding the data leakage and providing privacy to data in networking

Leakage of data has significantly taken place in the recent year. Basically Statistics from security companies, analysis institutions and government companies faces the problems of data leakage. From the distinct data leak cases, the main reason of the data leak is from data leak by the human mistake. A large number of researcher work focus on this issues for detecting inadvertent sensitive, private, secret data leak occurred by the mistakes of human being. In the existing system solve the problem of data leak, existing method implement the method for detecting the data leak. But this method does not provide the security to the data or the system. The existing method is not secured. Therefore in the proposed method introduced the technique which provides security to the data leak detection system. Also we introduced the concept of digital envelope, in which encrypt the data and send to the DLD system. System used ECC algorithm for security purpose. Also introduced the bloom filter system for storing the hash values of the data. Finally measure the experimental result plot the graph and compare the result among existing and proposed system.
Euclide: A Constraint-Based Testing Framework for Critical C Programs

Euclide is a new Constraint-Based Testing tool for verifying safety-critical C programs. By using a mixture of symbolic and numerical analyses (namely static single assignment form, constraint propagation, integer linear relaxation and search-based test data generation), it addresses three distinct applications in a single framework: structural test data generation, counter-example generation and partial program proving. This paper presents the main capabilities of the tool and relates an experience we had when verifying safety properties for a well-known critical C component of the TCAS (Traffic Collision Avoidance System). Thanks to Euclide, we found an unrevealed counter-example to a given anti-collision property.
Active and Passive Procrastination in the Workplace

The topic of this bachelor's thesis is to outline the procrastination issue in the workplace. This contemporary phenomenon is mostly considered as negative, but duo of authors Chu and Choi have presented their positive point of view on this topic through the so-called active procrastination. Term procrastination is nowadays widespread not only among students, but also among general population, but majority of the studies of procrastination engaged in academic procrastination. The aim of the research is to prove the existence of active and passive procrastination in the workplace, to find out the most frequent causes and consequences with an impact on the procrastinator, but also on the company. The next goal is to find out possible solutions from the employee's point of view, which will be presented to the top management of the company and put into practice to solve this problematic behaviour.
Towards deep compositional networks

Hierarchical feature learning based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) has recently shown significant potential in various computer vision tasks. While allowing high-quality discriminative feature learning, the downside of CNNs is the lack of explicit structure in features, which often leads to overfitting, absence of reconstruction from partial observations and limited generative abilities. Explicit structure is inherent in hierarchical compositional models, however, these lack the ability to optimize a well-defined cost function. We propose a novel analytic model of a basic unit in a layered hierarchical model with both explicit compositional structure and a well-defined discriminative cost function. Our experiments on two datasets show that the proposed compositional model performs on a par with standard CNNs on discriminative tasks, while, due to explicit modeling of the structure in the feature units, affording a straight-forward visualization of parts and faster inference due to separability of the units.