Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Police station diversion schemes: role and efficacy in central London

Early diversion of the mentally disordered from custody can be achieved at the police station, particularly for those arrested for minor offences. In theory, sufficient resources already exist at the police station to effect such diversion. However, there is evidence that the system is failing; mentally disordered offenders are being returned uncharged to the 'community', without the opportunity for psychiatric or social intervention being taken. This paper reports on the first 31 months of a police station diversion scheme. Run by CPNs attached to a community mental health team, it aimed to divert from custody minor offenders who would otherwise receive no service. The scheme was intended to act as a catalyst to existing services. In 31 months, it admitted 223 cases (31.4% of referrals). Referrals and admissions were compared with those of the local court diversion scheme. Both admission groups were seriously ill. The police station admissions had committed less serious offences than the court admissions, and had not reached the offending threshold for access to care. Police station schemes can be very effective. Their role is different from that of court schemes. Intervention at the police station may help prevent more serious offending. Services to police stations should be standard.
Possible Implications of MCAM Expression in Metastasis and Non-Metastatic of Primary Uveal Melanoma Patients

Purpose: To evaluate the expression of melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) as prognostic factor in uveal melanoma patients. Methods: Paraffin sections from 35 primary uveal melanomas were analyzed immunhistochemically for the expression of MCAM. Further known prognostic factors such as cell type, ciliary body invasion, tumor stage, and local extension were evaluated. In 16 cases, patients had developed metastatic disease. The patients without metastasis (n = 19) had a mean follow-up of 10.6 (9–13) years. Results: All tumors were positive for MCAM (mean: 57.05%). In the group without metastasis, an average MCAM expression of 35.37% (SD 19.66%) compared to 82.78% (SD 11.73%) in the metastasis group was found. The Cox regression analysis showed a significant association of an enhanced MCAM expression and death due to metastasis (HR: 365.48, 95% CI: 18.51, 7217.85). Conclusion: MCAM expression of primary uveal melanomas can serve as a possible prognostic parameter for metastasis. If further experiments approve the cellular adhesion molecules to account for early micrometastasis of tumor cells, a possible target might be available for future treatment.
Lipoprotein lipase activity in muscle tissue influenced by fatness, fat distribution and insulin in obese females

Abstract. Obesity is associated with dyslipidaemia and increased morbidity and mortality from premature atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Particularly, hypertriglyceridaemia is a characteristic finding in patients with obesity. In addition, the elevated levels of triglycerides may be an important risk factor for development of the obesity‐related complications. Lipoprotein lipase activity in skeletal muscle tissue (mLPL) has previously been found to be an important factor regulating the concentration of serum triglycerides. To describe the relationship between mLPL, triglycerides and fatness/fat distribution in more detail we have investigated these parameters under basal conditions and during insulin stimulation in 20 obese females. During hyperinsulinaemia (204 μU ml‐1) for 4 h the mLPL activity decreased from 528 ± 52 nmol FFA g‐1 to 412 ± 44 (P< 0.001). Basal mLPL was negatively correlated with serum triglycerides (r= ‐0.48, P<0.05) and positively correlated with HDL‐cholesterol (r = 0–58, P<0.01). Employing multiple variance analysis it was found that both BMI and WHR were negatively correlated to mLPL, however, the impaired lipid profile (high triglyceride, low HDL‐cholesterol, high FFA) could only be related to BMI and not to WHR in these obese females. However, reduced insulin‐action (insulin resistance) was closely related to abdominal fatness determined by WHR both in relation to the insulin‐effect on mLPL as well as for the insulin‐effect on whole‐body glucose metabolism (clamp‐study). A tendency to a positive correlation was observed between the impaired insulin‐stimulated glucose disposal and the reduced insulin‐effect on mLPL (r = 0.41, P = 0.08) indicating that mLPL might be an indicator of muscle insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, reduced mLPL activity seems to play a role for the increased triglyceride levels associated with obesity and the mLPL activity seems to be negatively influenced by both total fatness and abdominal fatness. Finally, mLPL is an insulin sensitive enzyme where short‐term insulin infusion inhibits the enzyme activity.
Age-Related Effects and Sex Differences in Gray Matter Density, Volume, Mass, and Cortical Thickness from Childhood to Young Adulthood

Developmental structural neuroimaging studies in humans have long described decreases in gray matter volume (GMV) and cortical thickness (CT) during adolescence. Gray matter density (GMD), a measure often assumed to be highly related to volume, has not been systematically investigated in development. We used T1 imaging data collected on the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort to study age-related effects and sex differences in four regional gray matter measures in 1189 youths ranging in age from 8 to 23 years. Custom T1 segmentation and a novel high-resolution gray matter parcellation were used to extract GMD, GMV, gray matter mass (GMM; defined as GMD × GMV), and CT from 1625 brain regions. Nonlinear models revealed that each modality exhibits unique age-related effects and sex differences. While GMV and CT generally decrease with age, GMD increases and shows the strongest age-related effects, while GMM shows a slight decline overall. Females have lower GMV but higher GMD than males throughout the brain. Our findings suggest that GMD is a prime phenotype for the assessment of brain development and likely cognition and that periadolescent gray matter loss may be less pronounced than previously thought. This work highlights the need for combined quantitative histological MRI studies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study demonstrates that different MRI-derived gray matter measures show distinct age and sex effects and should not be considered equivalent but complementary. It is shown for the first time that gray matter density increases from childhood to young adulthood, in contrast with gray matter volume and cortical thickness, and that females, who are known to have lower gray matter volume than males, have higher density throughout the brain. A custom preprocessing pipeline and a novel high-resolution parcellation were created to analyze brain scans of 1189 youths collected as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. A clear understanding of normal structural brain development is essential for the examination of brain–behavior relationships, the study of brain disease, and, ultimately, clinical applications of neuroimaging.
Automatic Extraction Method of Machining Trajectories Based on Point Cloud Registration

In the application of industrial robots, automated production is a core goal for improving production efficiency and product quality. However, the extraction of complex spatial machining trajectories has always been a challenge for industrial robots. This paper proposes an automatic extraction method for machining trajectories based on an improved Deep Closest Point (DCP) point cloud registration network and B-spline interpolation. By leveraging the Linked Dynamic Graph Convolutional Neural Network (LDGCNN), the feature extraction module of the DCP network is enhanced, and Transformer and SVD modules are introduced, combined with the ICP point cloud registration algorithm for iterative optimization. Initially, the machining trajectory data points of the template point cloud are manually selected, and then the improved DCP point cloud registration network is used to register the target point cloud with the template point cloud, obtaining a transformation matrix. Using this matrix, the machining trajectory data points on the target point cloud are solved, and these data points are further subjected to B-spline interpolation to obtain precise and smooth machining trajectories. Finally, the degree of overlap between the machining trajectories extracted using this method and the actual machining trajectories is above 99%, and the entire process takes less than 0.2 seconds.
A 0.13 μm CMOS power conditioning circuit for piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters

Piezoelectric harvesters have been subject to a growing interest in recent years as they can provide a clean source of energy. To extract the power from the harvester, power conditioning circuits are required. In this article, a circuit is proposed to meet the requirements of relatively high efficiency, low voltage operation, good load regulation and sufficient DC output voltage. A combined cross-coupled rectifier and a switched capacitor DC-DC converter is designed and simulated in a CMOS 0.13 μm technology to provide a stable DC supply (1.2 V) to power integrated autonomous sensor systems.
6 A 40 nm CMOS Highly Linear 0 . 4to-6 GHz Receiver Resilient to 0 dBm Out-of-Band Blockers

SDRs come of age ([1,2]) and transcend beyond just acquiring the reconfigurability to replace any standard radio: they develop toward systems where a simplified antenna interface can be used, with most dedicated filtering removed. This requires a receiver accommodating much higher linearity and resilience against out-of-band interference than a standard radio, still achieving competitive sensitivity (especially in the absence of interference). Mixer-first front-ends with excellent linearity have been reported [3]. However, their NF (including 1/f in absence of the LNA gain) is not competitive, and they may suffer from large LO feedthrough to the antenna (LOFT). Moreover they lack receiver functionality such as gain and filtering, which cannot be simply added without compromising linearity. A receiver with mixer-at-the-antenna-based bandpass filter [4] similarly may suffer from LOFT and increased NF. This work presents a full softwaredefined receiver with 3dB NF that tolerates 0dBm blockers with acceptable blocker NF at maximum gain. It achieves +10dBm out-of-band (OB) IIP3 and >+70dBm IIP2. Such a receiver is to operate using no other than harmonic-rejection filtering.
The Eleventh Datta Lecture. The structural basis for substrate recognition and control by protein kinases.

Protein kinases catalyse phospho transfer reactions from ATP to serine, threonine or tyrosine residues in target substrates and provide key mechanisms for control of cellular signalling processes. The crystal structures of 12 protein kinases are now known. These include structures of kinases in the active state in ternary complexes with ATP (or analogues) and inhibitor or peptide substrates (e.g. cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase, phosphorylase kinase and insulin receptor tyrosine kinase); kinases in both active and inactive states (e.g. CDK2/cyclin A, insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and MAPK); kinases in the active state (e.g. casein kinase 1, Lck); and kinases in inactive states (e.g. twitchin kinase, calcium calmodulin kinase 1, FGF receptor kinase, c-Src and Hck). This paper summarises the detailed information obtained with active phosphorylase kinase ternary complex and reviews the results with reference to other kinase structures for insights into mechanisms for substrate recognition and control.
Contagion and observability in security domains

We examine security domains where defenders choose their security levels in the face of a possible attack by an adversary who attempts to destroy as many of them as possible. Though the attacker only selects one target, and only has a certain probability of destroying it depending on that defender's security level, a successful attack may infect other defenders. By choosing a higher security level the defenders increase their probability of survival, but incur a higher cost of security. We assume that the adversary observes the security levels chosen by the defenders before selecting whom to attack. We show that under this assumption the defenders over-protect themselves, exhausting all their surplus, so optimal policy requires taxing security, as opposed to the subsidies recommended by alternative models for contagious attacks which do not take into account the attacker's ability to observe the defenders' choices.
5-HTTLPR–brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene interactions and early adverse life events effect on impulsivity in suicide attempters

Abstract Objectives: An expanding body of research suggests that childhood adverse experiences can lead to different negative health outcomes, including attempted suicide. Serotonergic genes such as the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) have been associated both with impulsivity in suicide attempts and reactivity to environmental stress exposure. BDNF gene may play an epigenetic role. Methods: We studied the influence of childhood stressful events and 5-HTTLPR genotype on impulsivity measured by Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-10) in a multicentre sample of 1,655 suicide attempters (69.4% women, 30.6% men; mean age 40.13 years). A co-dominant additive genetic model was used for the statistical analyses. Interaction between 5-HTTLPR genotype and early trauma exposure was tested using moderated and multiple regression techniques. Interaction plots were used to explore BDNF genotype modulation. Results: Mildly higher impulsivity scores were found in men with SS compared with SL or LL genotypes, and men with childhood emotional and physical abuse. Interaction analyses showed that combination of 5-HTTLPR-SS genotype and early trauma exposure increase impulsivity scores independently. Impulsivity scores were not affected by the modulation of BDNF genes. Conclusions: Childhood trauma and 5-HTTLPR genotype seem to be independently involved in suicide attempts, sharing a common pathway of increasing impulsivity.
Law for States: International Law, Constitutional Law, Public Law

The divide between international and domestic law runs deep in Anglo-American legal thought. Domestic law is taken to be the paradigm of how a legal system should work. International law, by comparison, seems different and degraded. The international legal system has no centralized legislature or hierarchical court system authorized to create, revise, or specify the application of legal norms, and as a result is said to suffer from irremediable uncertainty and political contestation. Out of deference to state sovereignty, international law is a "voluntary" system that obligates only states that have consented to be bound, and thus generally lacks the power to impose obligations on states against their interests. Consequently, the content of international law often reflects the interests of powerful states. And to the extent international law diverges from those interests, powerful states often interpret away or ignore it. They are able to do so because the international legal system lacks a super-state enforcement authority capable of coercing recalcitrant states to comply. These characteristics of the international legal system have led realists and other skeptics to conclude that, in both form and function, international law is a qualitatively different and lesser species of law - if it qualifies as law at all. Constitutional law, in contrast, has been subject to few such doubts. But perhaps it should be. This Article argues that constitutional law in fact shares all of the features that are supposed to make international law so distinctively dubious. In mapping out these commonalities, the Article suggests that the traditional divide between domestic and international law obscures what is, for many purposes, a more important and generative conceptual divide between law for states and law by states. The ways in which both international and constitutional law differ from ordinary domestic law follow from the distinctive aspiration of legal regimes for states - or "public law" - to constitute and constrain the behavior of states and the distinctive difficulty these regimes face of not being able to rely fully on the institutions of their subject states for implementation and enforcement.
O Marketing de Patrocínio Esportivo no Contexto das Instituições Educacionais

O presente estudo tem como tema o marketing de patrocinio esportivo. Seu objetivo consiste em investigar as razoes pelas quais as instituicoes de ensino optam pela sua adocao. Como metodologia para seu desenvolvimento foram selecionadas 12 instituicoes de ensino brasileiras que ja possuem estrategias de marketing de patrocinio esportivo atuando na midia para o encaminhamento de questionario, por e-mail, no periodo de agosto a setembro de 2003. Os resultados apurados comprovam que o marketing de patrocinio esportivo e uma estrategia valida. Como conclusao, observa-se que o retorno, de longo prazo, e a falta de interesse no apoio ao esporte e no fortalecimento do relacionamento com a comunidade impedem que empresas de outros segmentos invistam nessa estrategia de marketing.
Nonmuscle Myosin II Is a Critical Regulator of Clathrin‐Mediated Endocytosis

Variable requirements for actin during clathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME) may be related to regional or cellular differences in membrane tension. To compensate, local regulation of force generation may be needed to facilitate membrane curving and vesicle budding. Force generation is assumed to occur primarily through actin polymerization. Here we examine the role of myosin II using loss of function experiments. Our results indicate that myosin II acts on cortical actin scaffolds primarily in the plane of the plasma membrane (bottom arrow) to generate changes that are critical for enhancing CME progression.
Epstein‐Barr virus/C3d receptor (CR2, CD21) activated by its extracellular ligands regulates pp105 phosphorylation through two distinct pathways

We previously demonstrated that human C3d or pep16, a 16‐amino acid synthetic peptide derived from human C3d, induced in vivo and in vitro tyrosine phosphorylation of pp105, an intracellular component found only in human cells that express CR2 at their surface. To determine the contribution of CR2 molecules to this enzymatic regulation, we first analyzed whether activation of CR2 by other extracellular CR2 ligands could trigger such regulation in cell extracts. Subsequently, we used cell extracts of either CR2‐positive cells depleted in CR2 molecules by absorption with anti‐CR2 antibodies or CR2‐negative cells transfected with CR2 cDNA. We demonstrate here that pp105 phosphorylation was induced when CR2 was activated by C3d and pep16 as well as by gp350, the Epstein‐Barr virus capsid protein or OKB7, an anti‐CR2 monoclonal antibody (mAb). HB5, another anti‐CR2 mAb, which did not activate B lymphocytes through CR2, did not induce pp105 phosphorylation. Thus, C3d, pep16, gp350, and OKB7 presented similar properties in activating CR2 to trigger pp105 phosphorylation and in regulating B lymphocyte proliferation, while HB‐5 had no effect on either assays. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that the presence of CR2 activated by its extracellular ligands regulates pp105 phosphorylation through two distinct pathways: one which also requires the presence of non‐activated CD19, and one which is independent of CD19. The involvement of CD19 in the first pathway was not due to the formation of putative CR2‐CD19 complexes. Both pathways were TAPA‐1 independent. This is the first demonstration that activated CR2 molecules can play a regulatory role in enzymatic function, such as phosphorylation, despite the absence of CD19 and TAPA‐1.
An analysis of the performances of intelligent hybrid decision support systems with applications in crisis management

Extreme risk events are no longer only high impact- low probability events. Indeed the literature demonstrates that these types of events are more frequent and also their impact is also more critical. The governments are responsible not only for the post crisis management of extreme events. In this case, better knowledge could offer opportunities to reduce the impact. Emerging aspects regarding the integration of the concept of hybrid DSS in the treatment of extreme risk management will be presented. The efficiency of using intelligent ingredients in decision support systems (DSS) is linked to the human limits but also on the dynamics of huge data in the context of imprecision and uncertainty. Two applications for the use of hybrid DSS in flood and drought risk management will be also presented.
Application networking on peer-to-peer networks

This paper proposes the AN.P2P architecture to facilitate efficient peer-to-peer content delivery with heterogeneous presentation requirements. In general, the AN.P2P enables a peer to deliver the original content objects and an associated workflow to other peers. The workflow is composed of content adaptation tasks. Hence, the recipient can reuse the original object to generate appropriate presentations for other peers.
Non-hexagonal-ring defects and structures induced by healing and strain in graphene and functionalized graphene

We perform ab initio calculations for the strain-induced formation of non-hexagonal-ring defects in graphene, graphane (hydrogen-functionalized graphene) and graphenol (hydroxyl-functionalized graphene). We find that the simplest of such topological defects, the Stone–Wales defect, acts as a seed for strain-induced dissociation and multiplication of topological defects. Through the application of inhomogeneous deformations to graphene, graphane and graphenol with varying initial concentrations of pentagonal and heptagonal rings and small-sized voids, we obtain several novel stable structures that possess, at the same time, large concentrations of non-hexagonal rings (from fourfold to elevenfold) and small formation energies.
Multi-modal query expansion for web video search

Query expansion is an effective method to improve the usability of multimedia search. Most existing multimedia search engines are able to automatically expand a list of textual query terms based on text search techniques, which can be called textual query expansion (TQE). However, the annotations (title and tag) around web videos are generally noisier for text-only query expansion and search matching. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-modal query expansion (MMQE) framework for web video search to solve the issue. Compared with traditional methods, MMQE provides a more intuitive query suggestion by transforming tex-tual query to visual presentation based on visual clustering. Paral-lel to this, MMQE can enhance the process of search matching with strong pertinence of intent-specific query by joining textual, visual and social cues from both metadata and content of videos. Experimental results on real web videos from YouTube demon-strate the effectiveness of the proposed method.