Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clustering Properties of Rest-Frame UV-Selected Galaxies. II. Migration of Star Formation Sites with Cosmic Time from GALEX and CFHTLS

We analyze the clustering properties of ultraviolet-selected galaxies by using GALEX-SDSS data at z < 0.6 and CFHTLS deep u′ imaging at z ∼ 1. These data sets provide a unique basis at z ⩽ 1 which can be directly compared with high-redshift samples built with similar selection criteria. We discuss the dependence of the correlation function parameters (r0 and δ) on the ultraviolet luminosity, as well as the linear bias evolution. We find that the bias parameter shows a gradual decline from high (b8≳ 2) to low redshift (b8≃ 0.79−0.08+0.1). When accounting for the fraction of the star formation activity enclosed in the different samples, our results suggest that the bulk of star formation migrated from high-mass dark matter halos at z > 2 (1012 M☉ ⩽ Mmin ⩽ 1013 M☉, located in high-density regions) to less massive halos at low redshift (Mmin ⩽ 1012 M☉, located in low-density regions). This result extends the “downsizing” picture (shift of the star formation activity from high stellar mass systems at high z to low stellar mass at low z) to the dark matter distribution.
Nanometer movements detection by back focal plane interference in laser tweezers

Small displacements of a microparticle in an optical trap can be measured using back focal plane interferometry. The position of the particle is evaluated by analyzing the fringes pattern obtained by interference between the light scattered by the particle and unscaterred light in the back focal plane of the condenser. The fringes positions are detected with a quadrant photo diode, allowing nanometric precision. In this paper we analyze theoretically some parameters that may influence the measurements: laser power fluctuations, local fluid viscosity, condenser focal length, particle size.
Differences Between Observation and Sampling Error in Sparse Signal Reconstruction

The field of Compressed Sensing has shown that a relatively small number of random projections provide sufficient information to accurately reconstruct sparse signals. Inspired by applications in sensor networks in which each sensor is likely to observe a noisy version of a sparse signal and subsequently add sampling error through computation and communication, we investigate how the distortion differs depending on whether noise is introduced before sampling (observation error) or after sampling (sampling error). We analyze the optimal linear estimator (for known support) and an l1 constrained linear inverse (for unknown support). In both cases, observation noise is shown to be less detrimental than sampling noise and low sampling rates. We also provide sampling bounds for a non-stochastic l¿ bounded noise model.
Based on MLE of Pairwise Broadcast Clock Synchronization for Wireless Sensor Network

Pairwise Broadcast is a novel low-power wireless sensor network clock synchronization method. A subset of sensor nodes are synchronized by overhearing the timing message exchanges of a pair of sensor nodes. Therefore, a group of sensor nodes can be synchronized without sending any extra messages. This paper mainly account for the problem that the original Pairwise Broadcast Synchronization in absence of the clock skew between the pairwise broadcast node, proposed that use MLE(Maximum Likelihood Estimation) for accurate estimation of the clock offset and clock skew of nodes under Gaussian delay model. The simulation results indicate this method to ensure high accuracy simultaneously effectively reduce energy consumption.
Constitutive modelling of the large inelastic deformation behaviour of rubber-toughened poly(methyl methacrylate): effects of strain rate, temperature and rubber-phase volume fraction

A combined approach including experimental investigation and constitutive modelling was followed in this work to study the stress–strain behaviour of rubber-toughened glassy polymers. The large inelastic deformation response of rubber-toughened poly(methyl methacrylate) (RT-PMMA) was experimentally studied under uniaxial compression tests at different strain rates and temperatures. The studied composite system consists of spherical core–shell (PMMA hard shell and soft rubber core) particles embedded in a PMMA matrix. The influence of particle concentration (ranging from 0% to 45%) on the macroscopic behaviour was also investigated from small to large strain. The physically based hyperelastic–viscoplastic constitutive model of Boyce–Socrate–Llana was extended to describe the stress–strain behaviour of rubber-toughened glassy polymers. The model accounts for the effective contribution of the two polymeric phases to the overall composite macroscopic behaviour, by including in the original model the hyperelastic deformation of rubber particles. The capabilities of the model to describe the rate-dependent yield and post-yield behaviour of PMMA over a wide range of temperatures and strain rates are pointed out. The model is able to successfully capture the significant features of the stress–strain behaviour including the initial linear elasticity, the gradual rollover to yield, the strain softening after yield (when it exists) followed by the strain hardening. Its predictive capabilities are further tested by comparison with compression data on RT-PMMA for different rubber contents.
A Spoofed E-Mail Countermeasure Method by Scoring the Reliability of DKIM Signature Using Communication Data

Recently, spoofed e-mails become sophisticated and the messages that cannot be identified by visual confirmation have been increasing. DKIM is one of the most famous methods as countermeasure of spoofed e-mail. However, since DKIM allows a signature by third party domains, a recipient server can be unable to determine whether the attached signature is the legitimate. To solve the problem, although a method using data of DKIM signature domain passed DKIM verification is proposed, this method only verifies the existence of the past deliveries, therefore it has an issue in reliability. To overcome the issue, in this paper, we propose a method to score the reliability of combinations of sender's Header-From domain and DKIM signature domain by analyzing fluctuation of the existence of e-mail delivery obtained from the past communication data. By utilizing this method, the recipients can obtain the reliability score for each message including spoofed e-mail which was uniformly verified successfully in the ordinary DKIM verification, and can utilize our mechanism to spoofed e-mails countermeasure system.
Is More Better?: The Relationship Between Nurse Staffing and the Quality of Nursing Care in Hospitals

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the effects of nurse staffing and process of nursing care indicators on assessments of the quality of nursing care. Research DesignThis study examined the variation in inpatient hospital staff nurses’ assessments of the quality of nursing care and the effects of nurse staffing (patient workload), patient safety problems (medication errors and patient falls with injuries), and unfinished care (number of nursing tasks left undone) on the variation in those assessments. Secondary analysis of a survey of nurses using multivariate regression models was undertaken. SubjectsData were derived from a 1999 statewide survey of 8670 inpatient staff nurses working in acute care hospitals in Pennsylvania. ResultsQuality of nursing care ratings were significantly associated with the number of patients who nurses care for, rates of unfinished care for those patients, and the frequency of patient safety problems. The effect of patient workload on quality ratings was attenuated substantially by the effects of unfinished care and patient safety problems. Unfinished care had the strongest relationship of all, with over 40% of the variation in quality ratings associated with the number of tasks left undone. ConclusionsAssessments of the quality of nursing are associated with both structural (workload) and process of care indicators (unfinished clinical care and patient safety problems), with the relationship strongest between process of care and quality. Explicating the interrelationship between structure and process of care is key to understanding the influence of both on quality. Studies that assess the causal influence of these features on quality of care and patient outcomes are warranted.
FTO, Type 2 Diabetes, and Weight Gain Throughout Adult Life

OBJECTIVE FTO is the most important polygene identified for obesity. We aimed to investigate whether a variant in FTO affects type 2 diabetes risk entirely through its effect on BMI and how FTO influences BMI across adult life span. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Through regression models, we assessed the relationship between the FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms rs9939609, type 2 diabetes, and BMI across life span in subjects from the Norwegian population-based HUNT study using cross-sectional and longitudinal perspectives. For replication and meta-analysis, we used data from the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) and Malmö Preventive Project (MPP) cohorts, comprising a total sample of 41,504 Scandinavians. RESULTS The meta-analysis revealed a highly significant association for rs9939609 with both type 2 diabetes (OR 1.13; P = 4.5 × 10−8) and the risk to develop incident type 2 diabetes (OR 1.16; P = 3.2 × 10−8). The associations remained also after correction for BMI and other anthropometric measures. Furthermore, we confirmed the strong effect on BMI (0.28 kg/m2 per risk allele; P = 2.0 × 10−26), with no heterogeneity between different age-groups. We found no differences in change of BMI over time according to rs9939609 risk alleles, neither overall (∆BMI = 0.0 [−0.05, 0.05]) nor in any individual age stratum, indicating no further weight gain attributable to FTO genotype in adults. CONCLUSIONS We have identified that a variant in FTO alters type 2 diabetes risk partly independent of its observed effect on BMI. The additional weight gain as a result of the FTO risk variant seems to occur before adulthood, and the BMI difference remains stable thereafter.
Semantic Motion Concept Retrieval in Non-Static Background Utilizing Spatial-Temporal Visual Information

Motion concepts mean those concepts containing motion information such as racing car and dancing. In order to achieve high retrieval accuracy comparing with those static concepts such as car or person in semantic retrieval tasks, the temporal information has to be considered. Additionally, if a video sequence is captured by an amateur using a hand-held camera containing significant camera motion, the complexities of the uncontrolled backgrounds would aggravate the difficulty of motion concept retrieval. Therefore, the retrieval of semantic concepts containing motion in non-static background is regarded as one of the most challenging tasks in multimedia semantic analysis and video retrieval. To address such a challenge, this paper proposes a motion concept retrieval framework including a motion region detection model and a concept retrieval model that integrates the spatial and temporal information in video sequences. The motion region detection model uses a new integral density method (adopted from the idea of integral images) to quickly identify the motion regions in an unsupervised way. Specially, key information locations on video frames are first obtained as maxima and minima of the result of Difference of Gaussian (DoG) function. Then a motion map of adjacent frames is generated from the diversity of the outcomes from the Simultaneous Partition and Class Parameter Estimation (SPCPE) framework. The usage of the motion map is to filter key information locations into key motion locations (KMLs) that imply the regions containing motion. The motion map can also indicate the motion direction which guides the proposed "integral density" approach to locate the motion regions quickly and accurately. Based on the motion region detection model, moving object-level information is extracted for semantic retrieval. In the proposed conceptual retrieval model, temporally semantic consistency among the consecutive shots is analyzed and presented into a conditional probability model, which is then used to re-rank the similarity scores to improve the final retrieval results. The results of our proposed novel motion concept retrieval framework are not only illustrated visually demonstrating its robustness in non-static background, but also verified by the promising experimental results demonstrating that the concept retrieval performance can be improved by integrating the spatial and temporal visual information.
Glucose signalling positively regulates aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis

The effects of glucose on aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana were investigated in this study by using mutants related to aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis and regulation, as well as glucose signalling. The results showed that glucose significantly increased the contents of individual and total aliphatic glucosinolates. Expression of MYB28 and MYB29, two key transcription factors in aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis, was also induced by glucose. Consistently, the increased accumulation of aliphatic glucosinolates and the up-regulated expression of CYP79F1 and CYP79F2 induced by glucose disappeared in the double mutant myb28myb29. MYB28 and MYB29 synergistically functioned in the glucose-induced biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates, but MYB28 was predominant over MYB29. Interestingly, the content of total aliphatic glucosinolates and the expression level of MYB28 and MYB29 were substantially reduced in the glucose insensitive mutant gin2-1 and the ABA insensitive 5 (abi5-7) mutant compared with the wild type. In addition, total aliphatic glucosinolates accumulated much less in another sugar-insensitive RGS1 (regulator of G-protein signaling 1) mutant (rgs1-2) than in the wild type. These results suggest that glucose-promoted aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis is regulated by HXK1- and/or RGS1-mediated signalling via transcription factors, MYB28, MYB29, and ABI5.
Geometry-Based Sensor Selection for Large Wireless Sensor Networks

We consider the sensor selection problem in large sensor networks where the goal is to find the best set of sensors that maximizes application objectives. Since sensor selection typically involves a large number of sensors, a low complexity should be maintained for practical applications. We propose a geometry-based sensor selection algorithm that utilizes only the information of sensor locations. In particular, by observing that sensors clustered together tend to have redundant information, we theorize that the redundancy is inversely proportional to the distance between sensors and seek to minimize this redundancy by searching for a set of sensors with the maximum average distance. To further reduce the computational complexity, we perform an iterative sequential search without losing optimality. We apply the proposed algorithm to an acoustic sensor network for source localization, and demonstrate using simulations that the proposed algorithm yields significant improvements in the localization performance with respect to the randomly generated sets of sensors.
Purification and characterization of acetylene hydratase of Pelobacter acetylenicus, a tungsten iron-sulfur protein

Acetylene hydratase of the mesophilic fermenting bacterium Pelobacter acetylenicus catalyzes the hydration of acetylene to acetaldehyde. Growth of P. acetylenicus with acetylene and specific acetylene hydratase activity depended on tungstate or, to a lower degree, molybdate supply in the medium. The specific enzyme activity in cell extract was highest after growth in the presence of tungstate. Enzyme activity was stable even after prolonged storage of the cell extract or of the purified protein under air. However, enzyme activity could be measured only in the presence of a strong reducing agent such as titanium(III) citrate or dithionite. The enzyme was purified 240-fold by ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, and a second anion-exchange chromatography step, with a yield of 36%. The protein was a monomer with an apparent molecular mass of 73 kDa, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point was at pH 4.2. Per mol of enzyme, 4.8 mol of iron, 3.9 mol of acid-labile sulfur, and 0.4 mol of tungsten, but no molybdenum, were detected. The Km for acetylene as assayed in a coupled photometric test with yeast alcohol dehydrogenase and NADH was 14 microM, and the Vmax was 69 mumol.min-1.mg of protein-1. The optimum temperature for activity was 50 degrees C, and the apparent pH optimum was 6.0 to 6.5. The N-terminal amino acid sequence gave no indication of resemblance to any enzyme protein described so far.
Sequential Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Technique in Time Varying Channel

Cognitive radio opportunistically accesses the spectrum while the licensed user is idle. A spectrum sensing procedure to monitor primary users' existence is therefore vital to cognitive radios. In this paper, we investigate the energy detection based sequential cooperative spectrum sensing technique in time varying channels. By utilizing past local observations from previous sensing slots, cognitive radio nodes can aggregate the current and previously received energy values to improve the detection performance. We propose the weighted sequential energy detector (SED) in which a fixed number of past observations are taken for decision making. In addition, we propose two adaptive schemes, namely the Two-Stage SED and the Differential SED, where a cognitive radio user uses previously received energy values until it detects a change in primary user's activity. The probability of false alarm and detection for the Weighted SED and Two-Stage SED schemes are derived. The results show that the proposed schemes achieve better detection performance over the conventional cooperative energy detection technique. In particular, the Two-Stage SED and Differential SED schemes can satisfy the IEEE 802.22 standard's requirement of 10% false alarm and 90% detection in scenarios that conventional techniques cannot accommodate.
Suboptimal Solution Path Algorithm for Support Vector Machine

We consider a suboptimal solution path algorithm for the Support Vector Machine. The solution path algorithm is an effective tool for solving a sequence of a parametrized optimization problems in machine learning. The path of the solutions provided by this algorithm are very accurate and they satisfy the optimality conditions more strictly than other SVM optimization algorithms. In many machine learning application, however, this strict optimality is often unnecessary, and it adversely affects the computational efficiency. Our algorithm can generate the path of suboptimal solutions within an arbitrary user-specified tolerance level. It allows us to control the trade-off between the accuracy of the solution and the computational cost. Moreover, We also show that our suboptimal solutions can be interpreted as the solution of a \emph{perturbed optimization problem} from the original one. We provide some theoretical analyses of our algorithm based on this novel interpretation. The experimental results also demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm.
Linkage Disequilibrium and Persistence of Phase in Holstein–Friesian, Jersey and Angus Cattle

When a genetic marker and a quantitative trait locus (QTL) are in linkage disequilibrium (LD) in one population, they may not be in LD in another population or their LD phase may be reversed. The objectives of this study were to compare the extent of LD and the persistence of LD phase across multiple cattle populations. LD measures r and r2 were calculated for syntenic marker pairs using genomewide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that were genotyped in Dutch and Australian Holstein–Friesian (HF) bulls, Australian Angus cattle, and New Zealand Friesian and Jersey cows. Average r2 was ∼0.35, 0.25, 0.22, 0.14, and 0.06 at marker distances 10, 20, 40, 100, and 1000 kb, respectively, which indicates that genomic selection within cattle breeds with r2 ≥ 0.20 between adjacent markers would require ∼50,000 SNPs. The correlation of r values between populations for the same marker pairs was close to 1 for pairs of very close markers (<10 kb) and decreased with increasing marker distance and the extent of divergence between the populations. To find markers that are in LD with QTL across diverged breeds, such as HF, Jersey, and Angus, would require ∼300,000 markers.
A 2q24.3q31.1 microdeletion found in a patient with Filippi‐like syndrome phenotype: A case report

Filippi syndrome is characterized by developmental delay, growth failure, cryptorchidism, bilateral hand and foot syndactyly, and facial dysmorphism. The 2q24q31 contiguous deletion syndrome has similarly been associated with hand and foot anomalies, growth retardation, microcephaly, characteristic facies with a broad prominent nasal root and thin alae nasi, and intellectual disability. We present a patient with this deletion who has a Filippi‐like phenotype, which may be the first causative cytogenetic result in this syndrome. This suggests the importance of array comparative genomic hybridization in evaluation of patients with Filippi syndrome, and suggests that the inheritance may not always be autosomal recessive. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
[Trend analysis of cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates in Chinese women during 1989-2008].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the trend of cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates during 1989-2008 in Chinese women, so as to inform the development of relevant policies and strategies in China. METHODS The incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer during 1989-2008 in urban and rural areas were calculated based on the data from the National Cancer Registry Database. Age-standardized rates were calculated using the Chinese population of 1982 and World Segi's population of 1985. Joinpoint regression analysis was performed to obtain annual percentage changes (APC) so as to assess the trend of incidence and mortality rates over the period from 1989 to 2008. RESULTS The crude incidence rate of cervical cancer in Chinese women increased from 3.06/10(5) in 1989-1990 to 11.87/10(5) in 2007-2008 (from 4.96/10(5) to 11.98/10(5) in urban registration areas and from 2.39/10(5) to 11.77/10(5) in rural registration areas). The crude mortality rate slightly increased from 2.19/10(5) in 1989-1990 to 3.20/10(5) in 2007-2008 (from 3.21/10(5) to 2.56/10(5) in urban registration areas and from 1.82/10(5) to 3.75/10(5) in rural registration areas). Generally, the upward trends of crude incidence rates were shown over the year 1989-2008, with an APC of 14.4% after 1997 in urban areas and 22.5% after 1999 in rural areas.After age standardization of world population, the APC of incidence rates in recent decade in urban areas remained stable, and the one in rural areas slightly decreased.Although the overall crude and world age-standardized mortality rates had no significant changes during 1989-2008, the crude mortality rates increased by 8.1% annually after 1999.The upward trends were also shown for crude and world age-standardized mortality rates in urban areas after 2001 with an APC of 7.3%. The crude mortality rates in rural areas increased by 3.9% annually during 1989-2008, but no significant change was found after age standardization. CONCLUSIONS Over the last decade, the cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates ascended by year in China. It is particularly urgent to establish a comprehensive prevention and control system that combines cervical cancer screening and human papillomavirus vaccination, so as to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in Chinese women.