Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Locomotor Training in Completely Spinalized Cats Previously Submitted to a Spinal Hemisection

After a spinal hemisection in cats, locomotor plasticity occurring at the spinal level can be revealed by performing, several weeks later, a complete spinalization below the first hemisection. Using this paradigm, we recently demonstrated that the hemisection induces durable changes in the symmetry of locomotor kinematics that persist after spinalization. Can this asymmetry be changed again in the spinal state by interventions such as treadmill locomotor training started within a few days after the spinalization? We performed, in 9 adult cats, a spinal hemisection at thoracic level 10 and then a complete spinalization at T13, 3 weeks later. Cats were not treadmill trained during the hemispinal period. After spinalization, 5 of 9 cats were not trained and served as control while 4 of 9 cats were trained on the treadmill for 20 min, 5 d a week for 3 weeks. Using detailed kinematic analyses, we showed that, without training, the asymmetrical state of locomotion induced by the hemisection was retained durably after the subsequent spinalization. By contrast, training cats after spinalization induced a reversal of the left/right asymmetries, suggesting that new plastic changes occurred within the spinal cord through locomotor training. Moreover, training was shown to improve the kinematic parameters and the performance of the hindlimb on the previously hemisected side. These results indicate that spinal locomotor circuits, previously modified by past experience such as required for adaptation to the hemisection, can remarkably respond to subsequent locomotor training and improve bilateral locomotor kinematics, clearly showing the benefits of locomotor training in the spinal state.
Interplay between Epigenetics and Genetics in Cancer

Genomic instability, which occurs through both genetic mechanisms (underlying inheritable phenotypic variations caused by DNA sequence-dependent alterations, such as mutation, deletion, insertion, inversion, translocation, and chromosomal aneuploidy) and epigenomic aberrations (underlying inheritable phenotypic variations caused by DNA sequence-independent alterations caused by a change of chromatin structure, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications), is known to promote tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Mechanisms involve both genomic instability and epigenomic aberrations that lose or gain the function of genes that impinge on tumor suppression/prevention or oncogenesis. Growing evidence points to an epigenome-wide disruption that involves large-scale DNA hypomethylation but specific hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes, large blocks of aberrant histone modifications, and abnormal miRNA expression profile. Emerging molecular details regarding the modulation of these epigenetic events in cancer are used to illustrate the alterations of epigenetic molecules, and their consequent malfunctions could contribute to cancer biology. More recently, intriguing evidence supporting that genetic and epigenetic mechanisms are not separate events in cancer has been emerging; they intertwine and take advantage of each other during tumorigenesis. In addition, we discuss the collusion between epigenetics and genetics mediated by heterochromatin protein 1, a major component of heterochromatin, in order to maintain genome integrity.
STRATEGIES & METHODOLOGIES FOR LOW POWER VLSI DESIGNS: A REVIEW

Low power has emerged as a principal theme in today’s world of electronics industries. Power dissipation has become an important consideration as performance and area for VLSI Chip design. With shrinking technology reducing power consumption and over all power management on chip are the key challenges below 100nm due to increased complexity. For many designs, optimization of power is important as timing due to the need to reduce package cost and extended battery life. For power management leakage current also plays an important role in low power VLSI designs. Leakage current is becoming an increasingly important fraction of the total power dissipation of integrated circuits. This paper describes about the various strategies, methodologies and power management techniques for low power circuits and systems. Future challenges that must be met to designs low power high performance circuits are also discussed.
FILSAFAT SEBAGAI WAHANA PENDIDIKAN MENUJU KEMANDIRIAN BANGSA

Abstrak: Pendidikan merupakan rangkaian proses tanpa akhir untuk mendewasakan manusia. Pendidikan mengisyaratkan bahwa anak yang terdidik dengan baik akan memberi warna kebaikan bagi dirinya sendiri, keluarga, dan masyarakat Kesadaran demikian itu sejatinya telah dipahami masyarakat Indonesia, namun berbagai tantangan dan godaan dunia merontokkan benteng kepribadian. Kemandirian bangsa dapat diraih melalui pendidikan yang baik pada tataran formal, nonformal, dan informal. Pemahaman mengenai filsafat pada esensinya adalah memaknai hidup dengan menghargai orang lain dan lingkungannya. Namun, kesadaran ini seolah luntur karena memahami filsafat sebatas dasar ilmu bukan aplikasinya dalam kehidupan. Sosok kemandirian bangsa sesungguhnya adalah karakter individu yang tergambar dalam perilakunya. Filsafat mendasari gerak langkah kehidupan manusia dalam pendidikan dengan harapan dapat mengembangkan kemandirian dan berimplikasi pada keteraturan dan kebaikan di sekitarnya. Filsafat diharapkan mendasari seluruh aspek pendidikan, karena salah satu esensi yang terkandung di dalamnya adalah kejujuran dan keadilan. Kata Kunci: filsafat, wahana pendidikan, kemandirian bangsa PHILOSOPHY AS AN EDUCATIONAL MEANS TOWARDS NATION’S SELF-DEPENDENCE Abstract: Education is essentially a never-ending process to make people more mature. Education indicates that well educated children will give positive contribution to themselves, their families, and the society. The Indonesian have been aware of this but global challenges have a bad effect on their personality. The nation’s self-dependence can be achieved through formal, non-formal, and informal education. Understanding philosophy is essentially understanding about life and respecting others and the environment. However, such an awareness has faded away because people understand philosophy only as a science not to be applied in real life. The nation’s self-dependence is actually individuals’ character manifested in the behavior. Philosophy should be used as a basis for human life in education so that it can develop self-dependence and finally it can create regularity and goodness to the environment. Philosophy is expected to be the basis for all educational aspects because one of its principles is honesty and fairness. Keywords: philosophy, education’s space, nation’s self-dependence
The echo‐Doppler (duplex) system for the detection of vertebral artery occlusive disease: comparison with angiography.

The reliability of the echo‐Doppler (duplex) system for the visualization of the vertebral arteries was evaluated in 304 patients, in which 588 vertebral arteries had been investigated. Of these, 545 (92.69 per cent) arteries, either normal or diseased, were successfully visualized. However, the origin of the vertebral artery from the subclavian artery was localized in only 354 vessels (60 per cent of those visualized). Angiography was available for comparison in 33 arteries. The overall accuracy and the sensitivity of the duplex were 63.64 per cent and 38.46 per cent, respectively; they attained 86.67 per cent and 83.33 per cent in the vertebral arteries visualized from their origin, (a site early and most commonly involved by the atherosclerotic process). As the vertebral arteries can be visualized with a 92 per cent success rate, their examination should become a routine part of the duplex cerebrovascular study. In order to accurately detect diseased vertebral arteries, their origin from the subclavian artery should be localized.
Les motivations et la performance des opérations de retrait de la cote: une revue

Cet article s'interesse aux motivations et aux differentes sources de valeur liees a la creation des operations de Public to Private dites PtoP. Dans cette etude nous allons tout d'abord esquisser l'evolution recente de ces operations. Ensuite nous enoncerons les differentes raisons du developpement de plus en plus intensif des PtoP. Pour cela nous analyserons les differentes motivations puis nous en deduirons les differentes hypotheses. Pour chacune d'entre elles, une synthese des principales etudes sera realisee selon les auteurs, la periode etudiee et selon la zone geographique retenue. Enfin, une methode d'analyse a la fois des motivations et de la performance des PtoP a ete realisee selon differents angles d'approche.
Sigma-Delta Fractional-N Frequency Synthesis

In this paper, based on the equivalence of noise-shaping function between the first order sigma-delta modulator and traditional phase accumulator of fractional-N frequency synthesizer, noise characteristics of the high order delta-sigma modulator is analyzed and experimentally verified. With the influence of the high order delta-sigma modulator, the spurious phase noise introduced by fractional-N division possesses of high-pass characteristics, which can be suppressed by the loop filter of the phase-lock-loop (PLL). A fractional-N frequency synthesizer with the high order delta-sigma modulator is realized using a chip. The working frequency is between 1800 to 1900MHz. The measured phase noise is lower than 80dBc/Hz at lOKHz offset, ultra-small step size is 100 Hz or less and switching times of less 50mus, satisfying the requirement of most wireless communication systems.
The obligation of debriefing in global health education

Background: An outcome of globalization and internationalization in higher education in the health professions has been increasing global health placements. There is, however, a lack of literature on debriefing and support following these placements. The authors undertook a participatory project to develop peer support and debriefing in a global health nursing elective, during which this gap in literature was addressed. Aims: The purpose of the project was to develop a peer support component of the course and revise the debriefing component based on results of a previous course evaluation. Methods: The methods were guided by a participatory approach involving course alumni and included a scoping review and focus groups. Results: The project resulted in development of: (1) a peer support statement and (2) a debriefing framework. Conclusions: Key lessons about the obligation of appropriate debriefing for students returning from global health placements include importance of affective learning, a pedagogy of discomfort, and global health ethics.
Linking Model-Driven Development and Software Architecture: A Case Study

A basic premise of model driven development (MDD) is to capture all important design information in a set of formal or semi-formal models which are then automatically kept consistent by tools. The concept however is still relatively immature and there is little by way of empirically validated guidelines. In this paper we report on the use of MDD on a significant real-world project over several years. Our research found the MDD approach to be deficient in terms of modelling architectural design rules. Furthermore, the current body of literature does not offer a satisfactory solution as to how architectural design rules should be modelled. As a result developers have to rely on time-consuming and error-prone manual practices to keep a system consistent with its architecture. To realise the full benefits of MDD it is important to find ways of formalizing architectural design rules which then allow automatic enforcement of the architecture on the system model. Without this, architectural enforcement will remain a bottleneck in large MDD projects.
Innovation of Financial Management to Firm: Based on Market Orientation

In a market economy, Market Orientation is the only correct choice for economic development strategy, so it is also significant for financial management innovation. While most studies in the past decade focused on the consequences of fund in financial management, few have investigated antecedents to market orientation concept. This study focuses on the financial management innovation based on the Market Orientation. We develop a Mechanistic model of the role of Market Orientation for financial management innovation to explore the impact of Market Orientation on the financial management innovation in enterprise. We take a first step on researching the impact of culture of Market Orientation on financial management. The next Market Orientation's three core activities (market information generation, dissemination and responsiveness). Finally, we research financial management innovation across four different aspects of the financial management, and thereby show the consequences of financial management innovation more than previous studies.
Use of a human patient simulator in the development of resident trauma management skills.

BACKGROUND Computerized human patient simulators (HPSs) have been used to improve diagnostic and therapeutic decision making. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of HPSs and Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) on the development of trauma management skills and self-confidence in surgical interns. METHODS Three teams of interns completed two ATLS-like trauma scenarios on the HPS (pre-ATLS). They then took the ATLS provider course. After ATLS, the interns were evaluated on two different HPS trauma scenarios (post-ATLS). Two teams of senior residents, experienced in trauma care, completed the same HPS scenarios and were used as controls. Trauma management skills were scored in three areas--critical treatment decisions, potential for adverse outcomes, and team behavior--by staff trauma surgeons. After participating in the HPS trauma scenarios, the interns completed self-confidence questionnaires and a course evaluation survey. RESULTS Trauma management skill scores increased 23% in critical treatment decisions, 25% in potential for adverse outcomes, and 47% in team behavior after ATLS/HPS (p < 0.002). Senior residents' performance on HPS trauma scenarios was better than the interns (p < 0.05) in all three areas evaluated. The interns' self-confidence scores rose significantly after the course. (p < 0.01) The HPS course evaluation survey averaged 8.3 out of a maximum 10. CONCLUSION Use of HPSs in conjunction with ATLS appears to enhance the development of trauma management skills. The surgical interns participating in the study deemed the HPS to be a worthwhile experience and a confidence-building tool. In particular, trauma team behavior improved significantly after ATLS/HPS.
An Accurate and Fault-Tolerant Target Positioning System for Buildings Using Laser Rangefinders and Low-Cost MEMS-Based MARG Sensors

Target positioning systems based on MEMS gyros and laser rangefinders (LRs) have extensive prospects due to their advantages of low cost, small size and easy realization. The target positioning accuracy is mainly determined by the LR’s attitude derived by the gyros. However, the attitude error is large due to the inherent noises from isolated MEMS gyros. In this paper, both accelerometer/magnetometer and LR attitude aiding systems are introduced to aid MEMS gyros. A no-reset Federated Kalman Filter (FKF) is employed, which consists of two local Kalman Filters (KF) and a Master Filter (MF). The local KFs are designed by using the Direction Cosine Matrix (DCM)-based dynamic equations and the measurements from the two aiding systems. The KFs can estimate the attitude simultaneously to limit the attitude errors resulting from the gyros. Then, the MF fuses the redundant attitude estimates to yield globally optimal estimates. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the FKF-based system can improve the target positioning accuracy effectively and allow for good fault-tolerant capability.
Translating NP-SPEC into ASP

NP-SPEC is a language for specifying problems in NP in a declarative way. Despite the fact that the semantics of the language was given by referring to Datalog with circumscription, which is very close to ASP, so far the only existing implementations are by means of ECLiPSe Prolog and via Boolean satisfiability solvers. In this paper, we present translations from NP-SPEC into various forms of ASP and analyze them. We also argue that it might be useful to incorporate certain language constructs of NP-SPEC into mainstream ASP.
Differentiating Protein-Coding and Noncoding RNA: Challenges and Ambiguities

The assumption that RNA can be readily classified into either protein-coding or non-protein–coding categories has pervaded biology for close to 50 years. Until recently, discrimination between these two categories was relatively straightforward: most transcripts were clearly identifiable as protein-coding messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and readily distinguished from the small number of well-characterized non-protein–coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as transfer, ribosomal, and spliceosomal RNAs. Recent genome-wide studies have revealed the existence of thousands of noncoding transcripts, whose function and significance are unclear. The discovery of this hidden transcriptome and the implicit challenge it presents to our understanding of the expression and regulation of genetic information has made the need to distinguish between mRNAs and ncRNAs both more pressing and more complicated. In this Review, we consider the diverse strategies employed to discriminate between protein-coding and noncoding transcripts and the fundamental difficulties that are inherent in what may superficially appear to be a simple problem. Misannotations can also run in both directions: some ncRNAs may actually encode peptides, and some of those currently thought to do so may not. Moreover, recent studies have shown that some RNAs can function both as mRNAs and intrinsically as functional ncRNAs, which may be a relatively widespread phenomenon. We conclude that it is difficult to annotate an RNA unequivocally as protein-coding or noncoding, with overlapping protein-coding and noncoding transcripts further confounding this distinction. In addition, the finding that some transcripts can function both intrinsically at the RNA level and to encode proteins suggests a false dichotomy between mRNAs and ncRNAs. Therefore, the functionality of any transcript at the RNA level should not be discounted.
Genetic Ablation of the ClC-2 Cl- Channel Disrupts Mouse Gastric Parietal Cell Acid Secretion

The present studies were designed to examine the effects of ClC-2 ablation on cellular morphology, parietal cell abundance, H/K ATPase expression, parietal cell ultrastructure and acid secretion using WT and ClC-2-/- mouse stomachs. Cellular histology, morphology and proteins were examined using imaging techniques, electron microscopy and western blot. The effect of histamine on the pH of gastric contents was measured. Acid secretion was also measured using methods and secretagogues previously established to give maximal acid secretion and morphological change. Compared to WT, ClC-2-/- gastric mucosal histological organization appeared disrupted, including dilation of gastric glands, shortening of the gastric gland region and disorganization of all cell layers. Parietal cell numbers and H/K ATPase expression were significantly reduced by 34% (P<0.05) and 53% (P<0.001) respectively and cytoplasmic tubulovesicles appeared markedly reduced on electron microscopic evaluation without evidence of canalicular expansion. In WT parietal cells, ClC-2 was apparent in a similar cellular location as the H/K ATPase by immunofluorescence and appeared associated with tubulovesicles by immunogold electron microscopy. Histamine-stimulated [H+] of the gastric contents was significantly (P<0.025) lower by 9.4 fold (89%) in the ClC-2-/- mouse compared to WT. Histamine/carbachol stimulated gastric acid secretion was significantly reduced (range 84–95%, P<0.005) in ClC-2-/- compared to WT, while pepsinogen secretion was unaffected. Genetic ablation of ClC-2 resulted in reduced gastric gland region, reduced parietal cell number, reduced H/K ATPase, reduced tubulovesicles and reduced stimulated acid secretion.
Assembly of Aβ Amyloid Protofibrils: An in Vitro Model for a Possible Early Event in Alzheimer's Disease†

Amyloid fibrils comprising primarily the peptides Aβ40 and Aβ42 are a defining feature of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, and convergent evidence suggests that the process of their formation plays a central role in the AD pathogenic pathway. Elucidation of fibril assembly is critical for the discovery of potential AD diagnostics and therapeutics, since the pathogenic entity is not necessarily the product fibril, but could be a precursor species whose formation is linked to fibrillogenesis in vivo. Atomic force microscopy allowed the identification of an unanticipated intermediate in in vitro fibril formation, the Aβ amyloid protofibril. This manuscript describes studies of the structure of the Aβ40 protofibril and its in vitro assembly and disassembly using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The Aβ40 protofibril has a height of ca. 4.3 ± 0.5 nm and a periodicity of ca. 20 ± 4.7 nm. The rate of its elongation depends on the total concentration of Aβ40, the temperature, and ionic strength of the medium. Aβ4.
Photoreceptor Differentiation following Transplantation of Allogeneic Retinal Progenitor Cells to the Dystrophic Rhodopsin Pro347Leu Transgenic Pig

Purpose. Transplantation of stem, progenitor, or precursor cells has resulted in photoreceptor replacement and evidence of functional efficacy in rodent models of retinal degeneration. Ongoing work has been directed toward the replication of these results in a large animal model, namely, the pig. Methods. Retinal progenitor cells were derived from the neural retina of GFP-transgenic pigs and transplanted to the subretinal space of rhodopsin Pro347Leu-transgenic allorecipients, in the early stage of the degeneration and the absence of immune suppression. Results. Results confirm the survival of allogeneic porcine RPCs without immune suppression in the setting of photoreceptor dystrophy. The expression of multiple photoreceptor markers by grafted cells included the rod outer segment-specific marker ROM-1. Further evidence of photoreceptor differentiation included the presence of numerous photoreceptor rosettes within GFP-positive grafts, indicative of the development of cellular polarity and self-assembly into rudiments of outer retinal tissue. Conclusion. Together, these data support the tolerance of RPCs as allografts and demonstrate the high level of rod photoreceptor development that can be obtained from cultured RPCs following transplantation. Strategies for further progress in this area, together with possible functional implications, are discussed.