Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
System tests from unit tests

Large programs have bugs; software engineering practices reduce the number of bugs in deployed systems by relying on a combination of unit tests, to filter out bugs in individual procedures, and system tests, to identify bugs in an integrated system. Our previous work showed how Floyd-Hoare triples, {P}C{Q}, could also be seen as unit tests, i.e. formed a link between verification and test-based validation. A transactional-style implementation allows test post-conditions to refer to values of data structures both before and after test execution. Here we argue that this style of specifications, with a transactional implementation, provide a novel source of system tests. Given a set of unit tests for a system, we can run programs in test mode on real data. Based on an analysis of the unit tests, we intersperse the program’s execution with the preand post-conditions from the test suite to expose bugs or incompletenesses in either the program or the test suite itself. We use the results of these tests, as well as branch-trace coverage information, to identify and report anomalies in the running program.
The RALI Machine Translation System for WMT 2010

We describe our system for the translation task of WMT 2010. This system, developed for the English-French and French-English directions, is based on Moses and was trained using only the resources supplied for the workshop. We report experiments to enhance it with out-of-domain parallel corpora sub-sampling, N-best list post-processing and a French grammatical checker.
Inflammatory Mediators of Cerebral Endothelium: A Role in Ischemic Brain Inflammation

Brain inflammation has been implicated in the development of brain edema and secondary brain damage in ischemia and trauma. Adhesion molecules, cytokines and leukocyte chemoattractants released/presented at the site of blood‐brain barrier (BBB) play an important role in mobilizing peripheral inflammatory cells into the brain. Cerebral endothelial cells (CEC) are actively engaged in processes of microvascular stasis and leukocyte infiltration by producing a plethora of pro‐inflammatory mediators. When challenged by external stimuli including cytokines and hypoxia, CEC have been shown to release/express various products of arachidonic acid cascade with both vasoactive and pro‐inflammatory properties, including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and platelet‐activating factor (PAF). These metabolites induce platelet and neutrophil activation and adhesion, changes in local cerebral blood flow and blood rheology, and increases in BBB permeability. Ischemic CEC have also been shown to express and release bioactive inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL‐Iβ, IL‐8 and MCP‐1. Many of these mediators and ischemia in vitro and in vivo have been shown to up‐regulate the expression of both selectin and Ig‐families of adhesion molecules in CEC and to facilitate leukocyte adhesion and transmigration into the brain. Collectively, these studies demonstrate a pivotal role of CEC in initiating and regulating inflammatory responses in cerebral ischemia.
Effect of vacuum annealing on the microstructure and tribological behavior of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films prepared by magnetron sputtering

Hydrogenated amorphous carbon films (a-C:H) were prepared on silicon and steel substrates by medium frequency unbalanced magnetron sputtering with argon (Ar) and methane (CH4) as the source gases. The effect of annealing temperature in vacuum on the microstructure as well as mechanical properties and tribological behavior of as-prepared a-C:H films were investigated. The friction and wear behaviors of the films in different environments (vacuum, N2, and air) were evaluated with a pin-on-disk tribometer; and their sliding lifetime in vacuum was discussed in relation to friction and wear mechanisms. Results show that annealing in vacuum at a low temperature of up to 200 ℃ causes little change in the microstructure and hardness of a-C:H films but reduces their internal stress and surface roughness to some extent. These annealed films exhibit excellent antiwear ability in all test environments and show promising potential as a kind of space lubricants. The film begins to release hydrogen and increases the content of graphite-like structure at about 300 ℃. As a result, a-C:H films annealed above 200 ℃ have increased surface roughness as well as reduced hardness, internal stress, and wear resistance in all test environments.
Initial evaluation of the drivers' Japanese speech corpus in a car environment

Car navigation systems are getting more and more popular and many of them equip a speech recognition system for hands-free interface. However, the speech input interface is not widely used because of insufficient recognition performance. In order to improve the recognition performance and make the speech interface more practical, a real-car-environment speech corpus “Drivers’ Japanese Speech Corpus in a Car Environment” is under construction by a project supported by the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. In this study, we used the command task portion of the corpus recorded under three conditions: idling, running in a city, and running on a highway. We used the data from the corpus only as a test set and made a recognition system by optimally combining several existing corpora with several noise robustness techniques. Experimental results show that using an HMM trained on multiple conditions with spectral subtraction is the best for the car noises. Recognition performance was largely improved and more than 90% word accuracy was achieved for all the recording conditions. In particular, over a 50% absolute improvement in accuracy was observed for speeches given by female speakers uttered when driving on a highway.
TURBO-CODE BASED WYNER-ZIV VIDEO COMPRESSION

In distributed video coding, the complexity of the video encoder is reduced at the cost of a more complex video decoder. In recent work on distributed video coding the application of turbo codes has been studied. Turbo codes perform well in typical (tele-)communications settings. However, in distributed video coding the dependency channel between source and side-information is inherently non-stationary, for instance due to occluded regions in the video frames. In this paper, we study the modeling of the virtual dependency channel, as well as the consequences of incorrect model assumptions on the turbo decoding process. We observe a strong dependency of the performance of the distributed video decoder on the model of the dependency channel.
Cache replacement policies for P2P file sharing protocols

Peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing applications generate a large part of today's Internet traffic. The large volume of this traffic (thus high potential caching benefits) and the large cache sizes required (thus non-trivial costs associated with caching) only underline that efficient cache replacement policies are important in this case. File popularity in P2P file-sharing networks does not follow Zipf's law and several additional characteristics set the generated traffic apart from well-studied Web traffic. All this lead us to conduct a focused study of efficient cache management policies for P2P file-sharing traffic. This paper uses real-world traces and trace driven simulations to compare traditional cache replacement policies and new policies that exploit characteristics of the P2P file-sharing traffic generated by applications using FastTrack protocol. Copyright © 2004 AEI
SiOx Deposition on Polypropylene-Coated Paper With a Dielectric Barrier Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure

Deposition of transparent oxide films at atmosphere pressure onto polymeric substrates at room temperature is a technique gaining rapid acceptance. These films can be used for numerous applications such as antiscratch and water permeation barrier coatings. In this paper, a ~1.4-μm SiOx layer has been deposited on polypropylene-coated paper at atmosphere pressure with a filamentary dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). The DBD linear discharge was driven by a 30-kHz power supply. Scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the deposited film. The deposited thin film decreased water permeation through the paper by ~15%.
Learning Sigmoid Belief Networks via Monte Carlo Expectation Maximization

Belief networks are commonly used generative models of data, but require expensive posterior estimation to train and test the model. Learning typically proceeds by posterior sampling, variational approximations, or recognition networks, combined with stochastic optimization. We propose using an online Monte Carlo expectationmaximization (MCEM) algorithm to learn the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator of the generative model or optimize the variational lower bound of a recognition network. The E-step in this algorithm requires posterior samples, which are already generated in current learning schema. For the M-step, we augment with Polya-Gamma (PG) random variables to give an analytic updating scheme. We show relationships to standard learning approaches by deriving stochastic gradient ascent in the MCEM framework. We apply the proposed methods to both binary and count data. Experimental results show that MCEM improves the convergence speed and often improves hold-out performance over existing learning methods. Our approach is readily generalized to other recognition networks.
A Submodular Function Minimization Algorithm Based on the Minimum-Norm Base ⁄

We consider an application of the minimum-norm-point algorithm to submodular function minimization. Although combinatorial polynomial algorithms for submodular function minimization (SFM) have recently been obtained, there still remain (open) problems of reducing the complexity of the SFM algorithms and of constructing a practically fast SFM algorithms. We show some possible approach to the problems by means of the minimum-norm-point algorithm. Computational results on submodular function minimization reveal that our algorithm outperforms existing polynomial algorithms for SFM.
Transmural Electrophysiological Heterogeneities Underlying Arrhythmogenesis in Heart Failure

Abstract— Although expression of numerous ion channels is altered in heart failure (HF), mechanisms by which dysfunction at the ionic and molecular levels lead to ventricular tachyarrhythmias in HF are unknown. Previously, we found that transmural heterogeneities of repolarization play a critical role in the genesis of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT) when QT interval was prolonged in LQT2. Because QT interval is also prolonged in HF, we hypothesized that transmural heterogeneities are a mechanism of PVT in HF. Optical action potentials were measured simultaneously from cells spanning the entire transmural wall of arterially perfused canine wedge preparations. Wedges were isolated from dogs without (control, n=5) and with HF (n=8) produced by rapid ventricular pacing. In HF, action potential duration (APD) prolongation was markedly heterogeneous across the transmural wall, and was characterized by disproportionate APD prolongation of midmyocardial (M) cells. APD prolongation of M cells accounted for QT-interval prolongation, and caused significant increases (P <0.01) in spatial gradients of repolarization across the ventricular wall from 4.3±2.1 (control) to 12.4±3.5 ms/mm (HF). Enhanced gradients were directly responsible for development of functional conduction block, leading to PVT in 63% of HF wedges but in no controls (P <0.03). Moreover, intramural decremental conduction and block of the premature impulse, preceded each episode of PVT, and always occurred at the border between M-cell and subepicardial zones, where repolarization gradients were highest. Selective prolongation of APD within M cells underlies several key features of the HF phenotype, including QT-interval prolongation, transmural heterogeneity of repolarization, and susceptibility to conduction block and reentrant PVT.
Current evidence of effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication on prevention of gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide and is usually detected at a late stage, except in Korea and Japan where early screening is in effect. Results from animal and epidemiological studies suggest that Helicobacter pylori infection, and subsequent gastritis, promote development of gastric cancer in the infected mucosa. Relatively effective treatment regimens are available to treat H. pylori infection, and in general, mass eradication of the organism is not currently recommended as a gastric cancer prevention strategy. However, regional guidelines vary regarding the indications and recommendations for H. pylori treatment for gastric cancer prevention. In this review, we discuss the results from intervention studies, provide insight regarding current guideline recommendations, and discuss future study directions.
SHP‐1 Tyrosine Phosphatase in Human Erythrocytes

Abstract: SHP‐1 is a SH2‐domain containing protein Tyr‐phosphatase expressed in hematopoietic cell lines, which is hypothesized to play a negative role in signal transduction. In human erythrocytes, the phospho‐Tyr level of proteins, mainly transmembrane band 3, is closely controlled by the antithetic activity of Tyr‐protein kinases and phosphatases, resulting in a dephosphorylated state. Only after particular stimuli, as with oxidizing agents, diamide or pervanadate, or thiol alkylating compound, N‐ethyl maleimide (NEM), Tyr‐phosphorylation of band 3 can be triggered, inhibiting Tyr‐phosphatase action and inducing erythrocyte membrane reorganization. We demonstrate that, in human erythrocytes, SHP‐1 is present in membranes from resting cells, but in 5% of the protein amount. Interestingly, this amount increases up to threefold following NEM treatment of intact cells, whereas diamide and pervanadate do not alter the normal protein location. In addition, SHP‐1 translocation from cytosol to membrane is not affected by band 3 P‐Tyr level, because it is not mediated by the SH2‐P‐Tyr recruitment mechanism, and localizes into the cytoskeletal compartment. Band 3 is the target of SHP‐1, which dephosphorylates Tyr 8, 21, and 904. These findings support the idea that, in human erythrocytes, the normal level of Tyr‐phosphorylation of membrane protein, mainly band 3, must be downregulated. We hypothesize that the presence of both SHP‐2 and SHP‐1 ensures band 3 dephosphorylation in different conditions: SHP‐2, through interaction of its SH2 domain/s to P‐Tyr protein, is regulated by the band 3 Tyr‐phosphorylation level; SHP‐1 may be involved by simple membrane rearrangement.
DG-CST (Disease Gene Conserved Sequence Tags), a database of human–mouse conserved elements associated to disease genes

The identification and study of evolutionarily conserved genomic sequences that surround disease-related genes is a valuable tool to gain insight into the functional role of these genes and to better elucidate the pathogenetic mechanisms of disease. We created the DG-CST (Disease Gene Conserved Sequence Tags) database for the identification and detailed annotation of human–mouse conserved genomic sequences that are localized within or in the vicinity of human disease-related genes. CSTs are defined as sequences that show at least 70% identity between human and mouse over a length of at least 100 bp. The database contains CST data relative to over 1088 genes responsible for monogenetic human genetic diseases or involved in the susceptibility to multifactorial/polygenic diseases. DG-CST is accessible via the internet at http://dgcst.ceinge. unina.it/ and may be searched using both simple and complex queries. A graphic browser allows direct visualization of the CSTs and related annotations within the context of the relative gene and its transcripts.
Tabulation and restoring of video events based on genetic algorithm

Among the various forms of video-semantic data, events create the best challenge in terms of the accuracy that may be achieved in their automatic modeling and classification. Automatic recognition of video highlights has been the main target of variety of analysis efforts in recent years; nonetheless to model and extract events for linguistics classification victimization low-level video options remains a significant challenge. It's but a topical issue in the main due to: (i)Associate increasing wants for automatic classification of specific events within the networked society, at terribly least for police work and sensory activity user interfaces. (ii)The dearth of sturdy feature definition and classification schemes for video events. For linguistics event classification techniques, the events are usually portrayed as vectors of feature values. the standard approach is to make a machine model for transformation of video frames into event options. As is clear in several supervised learning issues, feature choice is vital. Support vector machine are shown to perform poorly once there are several tangential options, Adaboost and SVM are incorporated for feature choice and ensemble classification. Alternative researchers have studied improvement of support vector machine using genetic algorithms through feature set and by combining these 2 used this method identification. Setting kernel parameters for a support vector machine in a very coaching method contains a clear impact on the accuracy of the final word classification.
From Morphological Computation to Planning

Introduction Neuroethology is a field devoted to understanding the nervous system through the broader contexts of evolution, natural history , ecology, and everyday behavior; in other words, it is the study of situated nervous systems. Its focus is on how neural systems subserve behaviors that an animal performs in its natural habitat, such as capturing prey and evading predators, finding a mate, and navigating through its domain. Often the nervous system is examined in animals that exhibit extraordinary specializations in behavior, such as sonar-emitting bats and fish that hunt by detecting changes in a weak, self-generated electric field, because such specializations result in specialized neural circuitry, making neuron-level analyses more tractable. These experimentally tractable animals are sometimes referred to as "model systems. " People generally prefer to work with an established model system so that they can build on a body of knowledge that has already been gathered about the system. As a combination of the laboratory science of neurobiology and the field observation science of ethology, neuroethology has significant challenges, including determining how much of the ecological context of an animal is necessary or practical to import into the laboratory (for a review, see Pfluger & Menzel, 1999). Once the animal and its reduced environment are in the laboratory, another problem to be solved is how to extract, from its continuous and highly irregular activity, a particular behavior to focus on. One way that this issue has been dealt with historically (Pfluger & Menzel, 1999) is through avoidance of learned behaviors in favor of highly stereotyped innate behaviors. More recently, neuroethology has embraced model systems for studying limited forms of learning, such as the zebra finch (Marler, 1991), which learns its song from a tutor only during the first thirty-five days of life. After this period, the song is "crystallized" and does not vary. With a behavior identified and characterized , the next step is to uncover its puta-tive neural basis. Here a new set of issues NEUROETHOLOGY comes into play, centered on the technical difficulty of obtaining reliable recordings of the electrical activity of the animal's nervous system. Often this may not be feasible unless the animal is under anesthesia. Options include working on a "reduced prep/' in which slices of brain, dissociated cells, or whole parts of the nervous system may be placed into a chamber where they can be perfused with oxygen, nutrients, or neuroactive drugs and …
Optimum Combining in Rician Fading: Performance Analysis in Asymptotic SNR Regimes

This paper analyzes the performance of multiuser optimum combining (OC) systems where the desired user undergoes Rician fading, and the received signals are corrupted by Rayleigh-faded interference and noise. We consider the SER and ergodic capacity in asymptotic SNR regimes, and derive new closed-form expressions for key performance parameters such as the diversity order, array gain, and wideband slope. These results clearly reveal the impact of the Rician if-factor, which is shown to be advantageous to performance in all cases.
Optimal Divergence-Free Hatch Filter for GNSS Single-Frequency Measurement

The Hatch filter is a code-smoothing technique that uses the variation of the carrier phase. It can effectively reduce the noise of a pseudo-range with a very simple filter construction, but it occasionally causes an ionosphere-induced error for low-lying satellites. Herein, we propose an optimal single-frequency (SF) divergence-free Hatch filter that uses a satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) message to reduce the ionospheric divergence and applies the optimal smoothing constant for its smoothing window width. According to the data-processing results, the overall performance of the proposed filter is comparable to that of the dual frequency (DF) divergence-free Hatch filter. Moreover, it can reduce the horizontal error of 57 cm to 37 cm and improve the vertical accuracy of the conventional Hatch filter by 25%. Considering that SF receivers dominate the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) market and that most of these receivers include the SBAS function, the filter suggested in this paper is of great value in that it can make the differential GPS (DGPS) performance of the low-cost SF receivers comparable to that of DF receivers.
The fine structure of honeybee head and body yaw movements in a homing task

Honeybees turn their thorax and thus their flight motor to change direction or to fly sideways. If the bee's head were fixed to its thorax, such movements would have great impact on vision. Head movements independent of thorax orientation can stabilize gaze and thus play an important and active role in shaping the structure of the visual input the animal receives. Here, we investigate how gaze and flight control interact in a homing task. We use high-speed video equipment to record the head and body movements of honeybees approaching and departing from a food source that was located between three landmarks in an indoor flight arena. During these flights, the bees' trajectories consist of straight flight segments combined with rapid turns. These short and fast yaw turns (‘saccades’) are in most cases accompanied by even faster head yaw turns that start about 8 ms earlier than the body saccades. Between saccades, gaze stabilization leads to a behavioural elimination of rotational components from the optical flow pattern, which facilitates depth perception from motion parallax.