Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cost of assessing a child for possible autism spectrum disorder? An observational study of current practice in child development centres in the UK

Objective UK guidelines recommend that diagnosis of autism in children requires assessment by a multidisciplinary team. With growing numbers of referrals for assessment, diagnostic services have been under increasing pressure to meet the level of need. This study aimed to explore the number of hours of professional time required to complete such an assessment based on current practice in secondary care child development centres across the UK, and from this we calculate the cost of assessment. Design An online questionnaire, using SurveyMonkey.com, was sent to 20 child development centres asking them to retrospectively record team members involved at each stage of assessment and time taken, including report writing and administration for a typical assessment. Costs were estimated based on the hourly rate for each team member, including salary, on-costs and trust overheads. Results 12 questionnaires (60%) were returned. 10 centres adopted a two-stage approach to assessment with an initial ‘screening’ clinic determining whether the child needed to proceed to full multidisciplinary assessment. Median professional time involved was 13 hours (IQR 9.6–15.5 hours). This resulted in a median cost of £809 ($1213, based on conversion rate £1 equal to US$1.5 (November 2015)), (IQR £684–£925) ($1026–$1388)). Implications This study confirms that multidisciplinary diagnostic assessment of a child with possible autism requires significant professional time, with staff costs of approximately £800 ($1200) per child. This does not include costs of intervention, parent psychological education, investigation and assessment and management of comorbidities. If growing waiting times for diagnostic assessment are to be avoided, funding for diagnostic services needs to reflect the human resources required and the resulting costs of that assessment.
Children’s biological responsivity to acute stress predicts concurrent cognitive performance

Abstract Although prior research has characterized stress system reactivity (i.e. hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, HPAA; autonomic nervous system, ANS) in children, it has yet to examine the extent to which biological reactivity predicts concurrent goal-directed behavior. Here, we employed a stressor paradigm that allowed concurrent assessment of both stress system reactivity and performance on a speeded-response task to investigate the links between biological reactivity and cognitive function under stress. We further investigated gender as a moderator given previous research suggesting that the ANS may be particularly predictive of behavior in males due to gender differences in socialization. In a sociodemographically diverse sample of young children (N = 58, M age = 5.38 yrs; 44% male), individual differences in sociodemographic covariates (age, household income), HPAA (i.e. cortisol), and ANS (i.e. respiratory sinus arrhythmia, RSA, indexing the parasympathetic branch; pre-ejection period, PEP, indexing the sympathetic branch) function were assessed as predictors of cognitive performance under stress. We hypothesized that higher income, older age, and greater cortisol reactivity would be associated with better performance overall, and flexible ANS responsivity (i.e. RSA withdrawal, PEP shortening) would be predictive of performance for males. Overall, females performed better than males. Two-group SEM analyses suggest that, for males, greater RSA withdrawal to the stressor was associated with better performance, while for females, older age, higher income, and greater cortisol reactivity were associated with better performance. Results highlight the relevance of stress system reactivity to cognitive performance under stress. Future research is needed to further elucidate for whom and in what situations biological reactivity predicts goal-directed behavior.
Correction: Formation of COPI-coated vesicles at a glance (doi:10.1242/jcs.209890)

There was an error published in J. Cell Sci. 131 , [jcs209890][1] ([doi:10.1242/209890][2]). The Key panel of the poster and of the accompanying slides 1–5 contained an incorrect label. The correct label is: ! [Figure][3] This has now been corrected online. We apologise for any
Direct Current Plasma Electron Source for Electric Propulsion Applications Using Atomic and Molecular Propellants

The design and performance of a novel direct current (dc) neutralizer for electric propulsion applications are presented. The neutralizer exploits an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {E}\times \text {B}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> discharge to enhance ionization via electron-neutral collisions. Tests are performed with helium, argon, xenon, air, and water vapor as working gases. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V$ </tex-math></inline-formula> characteristics and extraction parameters are measured for both atomic and molecular gases. The maximum partial power efficiency is 4.2 mA/W in argon, 2.7 mA/W in air, and 2 mA/W in water vapor. The typical utilization factor is below 1 and the power consumption is less than 120 W. A semiempirical model is derived to predict the performance of dc plasma cathodes using atomic gas. A comparison with existing plasma cathodes and conventional LaB<sub>6</sub> cathodes is presented, and design optimizations aimed at improving the performance are proposed.
Study on the influence of pregnancy-induced hypertension on neonatal birth weight

To explore the effect of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) on neonatal birth weight and provide the necessary reference value for the maternal and children health service. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Shaanxi Province of China in 2013. And a total of 28 045 singleton live infants and their mothers were recruited using a stratified, multistage, probability-proportional-to-size sampling method. Among the 28 045 women of childbearing age surveyed, multiple linear regression and quantile regression analysis all showed that the birth weight of newborns whose mothers had suffered from PIH during pregnancy was significantly lower than those whose mothers had not suffered from PIH during pregnancy from very low to higher birth weight percentiles (q=0–0.85), an average decrease of 137.45 g (β=−137.45, t=−5.77 and p<0.001). When birth weight was at q=0.90–1.00 percentiles, there was no birth weight difference between two groups. The present cross-sectional study indicated that PIH had an effect of on neonatal birth weight. When pregnant women with PIH are identified then the healthcare professional initiates a closer supervision of their pregnancy in order to ameliorate the status of BP and provide a good intrauterine environment for the fetus. In addition, the gynecologists should admonish the pregnant women that their health is related to the health of their fetus, then gravidas may be more engaged to alert their physician and accept early or preventative interventions. And the healthcare professional should ask and be alert to the issues of hypertension during pregnancy.
Pharmacological regulation of outflow resistance distal to Schlemm's canal.

The trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal generate the majority of outflow resistance; however, the distal regions of the conventional outflow pathway account for 25-50% of total resistance. Sections of distal vessels are surrounded by α-smooth muscle actin-containing cells, indicating that they may be vasoregulated. This study examined the effect of a potent vasodilator, nitric oxide (NO), and its physiological antagonist, endothelin-1 (ET-1), on the regulation of outflow resistance in the distal regions of the conventional outflow pathway. Using a physiological model of the conventional outflow pathway, human and porcine anterior segments were perfused in organ culture under constant flow conditions, while intrachamber pressure was continually monitored. For porcine anterior segments, a stable baseline outflow facility with TM intact was first achieved before anterior segments were removed and a trabeculotomy was performed. For human anterior segments, a trabeculotomy was immediately performed. In human anterior segments, 100 nM ET-1 significantly decreased distal outflow facility from 0.49 ± 0.26 to 0.31 ± 0.18 (mean ± SD) µl·min-1·mmHg, P < 0.01. Perfusion with 100 µM diethylenetriamine-NO in the presence of 1 nM ET-1 immediately reversed ET-1 effects, significantly increasing distal outflow facility to 0.54 ± 0.35 µl·min-1·mmHg, P = 0.01. Similar results were obtained in porcine anterior segment experiments. Therefore, data show a dynamic range of resistance generation by distal vessels in both the human and the porcine conventional outflow pathways. Interestingly, maximal contraction of vessels in the distal outflow tract of trabeculotomized eyes generated resistance very near physiological levels for both species having an intact TM.
Band-Pass Prefetching

In multi-core systems, an application’s prefetcher can interfere with the memory requests of other applications using the shared resources, such as last level cache and memory bandwidth. In order to minimize prefetcher-caused interference, prior mechanisms have been proposed to dynamically control prefetcher aggressiveness at runtime. These mechanisms use several parameters to capture prefetch usefulness as well as prefetcher-caused interference, performing aggressive control decisions. However, these mechanisms do not capture the actual interference at the shared resources and most often lead to incorrect aggressiveness control decisions. Therefore, prior works leave scope for performance improvement. Toward this end, we propose a solution to manage prefetching in multicore systems. In particular, we make two fundamental observations: First, a positive correlation exists between the accuracy of a prefetcher and the amount of prefetch requests it generates relative to an application’s total (demand and prefetch) requests. Second, a strong positive correlation exists between the ratio of total prefetch to demand requests and the ratio of average last level cache miss service times of demand to prefetch requests. In this article, we propose Band-pass prefetching that builds on those two observations, a simple and low-overhead mechanism to effectively manage prefetchers in multicore systems. Our solution consists of local and global prefetcher aggressiveness control components, which altogether, control the flow of prefetch requests between a range of prefetch to demand requests ratios. From our experiments on 16-core multi-programmed workloads, on systems using stream prefetching, we observe that Band-pass prefetching achieves 12.4% (geometric-mean) improvement on harmonic speedup over the baseline that implements no prefetching, while aggressive prefetching without prefetcher aggressiveness control and state-of-the-art HPAC, P-FST, and CAFFEINE achieve 8.2%, 8.4%, 1.4%, and 9.7%, respectively. Further evaluation of the proposed Band-pass prefetching mechanism on systems using AMPM prefetcher shows similar performance trends. For a 16-core system, Band-pass prefetching requires only a modest hardware cost of 239 bytes.
Nd2O3/Au nanocomposites: upconversion broadband emission and enhancement under near-infrared light excitation

In the present work, a novel strategy for the synthesis of Nd2O3/Au nanocomposites was successfully applied by a co-precipitation process, in which the upconversion luminescence (UCL) of Nd2O3 was a white broadband emission under 780–980 nm excitation. UCL enhancement in Nd2O3/Au nanocomposites with different doped concentrations of Au nanorods (NRs) under 980 nm and 808 nm excitation was systemically studied. It was observed that by the interaction of Nd2O3 with surface plasmon (SP) of Au NRs, the threshold power for generating broadbands was largely suppressed in contrast to the Nd2O3 nanoparticles (NPs). Further, it was interesting to observe that the enhancement was strongly dependent on the doped concentration of Au NRs and the excitation power of 980 nm and 808 nm laser diodes. The optimum UCL enhancement was 11-fold and 9-fold at 980 nm and 808 nm excitation, respectively. In addition, the upconversion (UC) broadband emission and UCL enhancement mechanism of Nd2O3/Au nanocomposites were proposed.
Accelerated First-order Methods for Geodesically Convex Optimization on Riemannian Manifolds

In this paper, we propose an accelerated first-order method for geodesically convex optimization, which is the generalization of the standard Nesterov's accelerated method from Euclidean space to nonlinear Riemannian space. We first derive two equations and obtain two nonlinear operators for geodesically convex optimization instead of the linear extrapolation step in Euclidean space. In particular, we analyze the global convergence properties of our accelerated method for geodesically strongly-convex problems, which show that our method improves the convergence rate from O((1-\mu/L)^{k}) to O((1-\sqrt{\mu/L})^{k}). Moreover, our method also improves the global convergence rate on geodesically general convex problems from O(1/k) to O(1/k^{2}). Finally, we give a specific iterative scheme for matrix Karcher mean problems, and validate our theoretical results with experiments.
HER 2 in gastric cancer : a new prognostic factor and a novel therapeutic target

Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the world and its management, especially in advanced stages, has evolved relatively little. In particular, no targeted modality has so far been incorporated to its treatment armamentarium. HER2 overexpression is increasingly recognized as a frequent molecular abnormality, driven as in breast cancer by gene amplification. There is mounting evidence of the role of HER2 overexpression in patients with gastric cancer, and it has been solidly correlated to poor outcomes and a more aggressive disease. Additionally, preclinical data are showing significant antitumor efficacy of anti-HER2 therapies (particularly monoclonal antibodies directed towards the protein) in in vitro and in vivo models of gastric cancer. As a result, several clinical trials are exploring in different settings and with diverse designs the potential of anti-HER2 therapies in gastric cancer patients. This review summarizes the rationale, preclinical evidence, retrospective clinical analyses, and the interim clinical data pertaining HER2 therapies in gastric cancer.
A Learning Approach to QoS Prediction via Multi-Dimensional Context

Advances in mobile Internet technology have enabled the clients of Web services to be able to adjust to context changes, which need to rely on monitoring to QoS of Web services. Most contemporary QoS prediction methods exploit the QoS characteristics for one specific dimension, e.g., time or location, and do not exploit the complicated relations among multi-dimension of context. This paper proposes a learning approach to quality-of-service (QoS) prediction of web services via multi-dimensional context derived from the past invocation history. To validate our approach, large-scale experiments are conducted based on a real-world Web service dataset, WSDream. The results show that our proposed approach achieves higher prediction accuracy than other approaches.
Effects of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors on the Level of Hope and Psychological Health Status of Patients with Cervical Cancer During Radiotherapy

Background This study aimed to explore the factors affecting the level of hope and psychological health status of patients with cervical cancer (CC) during radiotherapy. Material/Methods A total of 480 CC patients were recruited. Psychological distress scale, Herth hope index, functional assessment cancer therapy-cervix, and Jolowiec coping scale were used to conduct surveys on psychological distress, level of hope, quality of life (QOL), and coping style to analyze the factors affecting the level of hope and psychological health status of CC patients. Results The morbidity of significant psychological distress in 480 CC patients during radiotherapy was 68%, and the main factors causing psychological distress were emotional problems and physical problems. During radiotherapy, most patients had middle and high levels of hope, and the psychological distress index of patients was negatively correlated with the level of hope. The QOL of CC patients during radiotherapy were at middle and high levels, and the QOL was positively correlated with confrontment, optimism, appeasement, and self-reliance, but it was negatively correlated with predestination and emotional expression. Conclusions For CC patients during radiotherapy, the morbidity of psychological distress was high, but they were at middle and high levels of hope.
Building Emulation Framework for Non-volatile Memory

Currently, researchers use simulators to experimenttheir innovation on emerging non-volatile memory. Unfortunately, simulation method is both time-consuming andare hard to debug. In this paper, we present a non-volatile memory emulatorwhich enables system-level research on emerging memory. Ouremulator uses performance monitoring units on off-the-shelfprocessors to implement an accurete performance model.
Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Abdominal Pain

This commentary is about one of a series of papers written by the late Tim de Dombal and colleagues, published in the British Medical. Journal [1]. They report on a controlled prospective unselected real-time comparison of human and computer-aided diagnosis in a series of 304 patients suffering from abdominal pain of acute onset. The investigation was carried out in the professorial surgical unit of the General Infirmary in Leeds (UK). The computer-aided diagnostic system and some of the problems inherent to its implementation were described in another article [2]. According to the authors, the choice of the "acute abdomen" was a deliberate one, since such an area of diagnosis has several advantages. It is a common clinical dilemma (304 cases presented in less than one year). The number of possible diagnoses is relatively small, as evidenced by the low percentage of "unclassifiable" patients, theclinicaldiagnosis is usually made on the basis of a patient's symptoms and physical signs rather than on biochemical tests; and the fmal diagnosis is usually made at surgery. The abdominal pain system is fed with medical history data and data about the physical examination of the patient. Then by using Bayes' rule it
Text line segmentation of unconstrained handwritten Kannada script

Separating text lines in handwritten documents remains a challenge because the text lines are often varying skewed and curved. In this paper, we propose a novel method for text line segmentation of unconstrained handwritten Kannada script. The proposed method consists of two phases. In the first phase, mathematical morphology technique is used to bridge the gap between character components. In the Second phase, component extension technique is used for text line extract. We experimentally evaluated our proposed method on document containing handwritten Kannada script and showed encourage results.
miR-27 a promotes cell proliferation and metastasis in renal cell carcinoma

miR-27a has been reported to exhibit abnormal expression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but the role of miR-27a in RCC remains unknown. In our study, up-regulation of miR-27a was validated by Real-time PCR analysis in 133 RCC samples. Overexpression of miR-27a promoted cell migration, invasion and proliferation in vitro, while its low expression exerted opposite effects. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the patients with high expression of miR-27a had a worse overall and relapse-free survivals compared with those with low expression of miR-27a. Cox proportional hazards analyses showed that miR-27a expression was an independent prognostic factor for RCC patients. Collectively, our findings illustrate the promoting-cancer effect of miR-27a in RCC, suggesting that miR-27a could be a potential therapeutic target for RCC. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox proportional regression analysis suggest that miR-27a may be a potential biomarker for predicting the survival of RCC patients.
Lower Leg Injury Reference Values and Risk Curves from Survival Analysis for Male and Female Dummies: Meta-analysis of Postmortem Human Subject Tests

Objective: Derive lower leg injury risk functions using survival analysis and determine injury reference values (IRV) applicable to human mid-size male and small-size female anthropometries by conducting a meta-analysis of experimental data from different studies under axial impact loading to the foot–ankle–leg complex. Methods: Specimen-specific dynamic peak force, age, total body mass, and injury data were obtained from tests conducted by applying the external load to the dorsal surface of the foot of postmortem human subject (PMHS) foot–ankle–leg preparations. Calcaneus and/or tibia injuries, alone or in combination and with/without involvement of adjacent articular complexes, were included in the injury group. Injury and noninjury tests were included. Maximum axial loads recorded by a load cell attached to the proximal end of the preparation were used. Data were analyzed by treating force as the primary variable. Age was considered as the covariate. Data were censored based on the number of tests conducted on each specimen and whether it remained intact or sustained injury; that is, right, left, and interval censoring. The best fits from different distributions were based on the Akaike information criterion; mean and plus and minus 95% confidence intervals were obtained; and normalized confidence interval sizes (quality indices) were determined at 5, 10, 25, and 50% risk levels. The normalization was based on the mean curve. Using human-equivalent age as 45 years, data were normalized and risk curves were developed for the 50th and 5th percentile human size of the dummies. Results: Out of the available 114 tests (76 fracture and 38 no injury) from 5 groups of experiments, survival analysis was carried out using 3 groups consisting of 62 tests (35 fracture and 27 no injury). Peak forces associated with 4 specific risk levels at 25, 45, and 65 years of age are given along with probability curves (mean and plus and minus 95% confidence intervals) for PMHS and normalized data applicable to male and female dummies. Quality indices increased (less tightness-of-fit) with decreasing age and risk level for all age groups and these data are given for all chosen risk levels. Conclusions: These PMHS-based probability distributions at different ages using information from different groups of researchers constituting the largest body of data can be used as human tolerances to lower leg injury from axial loading. Decreasing quality indices (increasing index value) at lower probabilities suggest the need for additional tests. The anthropometry-specific mid-size male and small-size female mean human risk curves along with plus and minus 95% confidence intervals from survival analysis and associated IRV data can be used as a first step in studies aimed at advancing occupant safety in automotive and other environments.