Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Specification and verification of inter-component constraints in CTL

The most challenging issue of component-based software is about component composition. Current component specification, in addition to the syntactic level, is very limited in dealing with semantic constraints. Even so, only static aspects of components are specified. This paper gives a formal approach to make component specification more comprehensive by including component semantic. Fundamentally, the component semantic is expressed via the powerful temporal logic CTL. There are two semantic aspects in the paper, component dynamic behavior and consistency - namely a component does not violate some property in another when composed. Based on the proposed semantic, components can be efficiently cross-checked for their consistency by an incremental verification method - OIMC, even for many future component extensions.
Comparison of harmonics and THD suppression with three and 5 level multilevel inverter-cascaded H-bridge

The major drawback of an inverter are Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and Harmonics. The study of harmonics and THD are carried out in this work. The cascaded multilevel inverter topology is incorporated to suppress the harmonics produced by the inverter at its output. The cascaded multilevel inverter is most effective with fuel cells or battery stored power. The cells have low voltage ratings, the cascaded inverter input must be of low voltages to achieve 230v output. The simulation work is carried out with SIMULINK/MATLAB. The harmonics at output of inverter with 3 phase load is studied. 3 level and 5 level cascaded multilevel inverter's harmonics and THD are compared with traditional inverter drive. The study of multilevel inverter topology suppresses the harmonics and THD.
Prefrontal cortex activation during story encoding/retrieval: a multi-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

Encoding, storage and retrieval constitute three fundamental stages in information processing and memory. They allow for the creation of new memory traces, the maintenance and the consolidation of these traces over time, and the access and recover of the stored information from short or long-term memory. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that measures concentration changes of oxygenated-hemoglobin (O2Hb) and deoxygenated-hemoglobin (HHb) in cortical microcirculation blood vessels by means of the characteristic absorption spectra of hemoglobin in the near-infrared range. In the present study, we monitored, using a 16-channel fNIRS system, the hemodynamic response during the encoding and retrieval processes (EP and RP, respectively) over the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of 13 healthy subjects (27.2 ± 2.6 years) while were performing the “Logical Memory Test” (LMT) of the Wechsler Memory Scale. A LMT-related PFC activation was expected; specifically, it was hypothesized a neural dissociation between EP and RP. The results showed a heterogeneous O2Hb/HHb response over the mapped area during the EP and the RP, with a O2Hb progressive and prominent increment in ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC) since the beginning of the EP. During the RP a broader activation, including the VLPFC, the dorsolateral PFC and the frontopolar cortex, was observed. This could be explained by the different contributions of the PFC regions in the EP and the RP. Considering the fNIRS applicability for the hemodynamic monitoring during the LMT performance, this study has demonstrated that fNIRS could be utilized as a valuable clinical diagnostic tool, and that it has the potential to be adopted in patients with cognitive disorders or slight working memory deficits.
The Quest for Microwave Foreground X

The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) team has produced a foreground map that can account for most of the low-frequency Galactic microwave emission in the WMAP maps, tentatively interpreting it as synchrotron emission. Finkbeiner and collaborators have challenged these conclusions, arguing that the WMAP team's "synchrotron" template is in fact dominated not by synchrotron radiation but by some dust-related Galactic emission process, perhaps spinning dust grains, making dramatically different predictions for its behavior at lower frequencies. By cross-correlating this synchrotron template with 10 and 15 GHz cosmic microwave background observations, we find that its spectrum turns over in a manner consistent with spinning dust emission, falling about an order of magnitude below what the synchrotron interpretation would predict.
On the Role of the Innate Immunity in Autoimmune Disease

The essence of the immune system is built on two separate foundation pillars: one is specific or adaptive immunity which is characterized by relatively slow response kinetics and the ability to remember. The other is nonspecific or innate immunity exhibiting rapid response kinetics but lacking memory. Lymphocytes are the key players of the adaptive immune system. Each lymphocyte expresses antigen receptors of unique specificity. Upon recognizing an antigen via the receptor, lymphocytes proliferate and develop effector function. Few lymphocytes exhibit specificity for a given antigen or pathogen and massive proliferation is usually required before an effector response can be measured. Hence, the slow kinetics of the adaptive immune system. Because a significant proportion of the expanded lymphocytes survive and may maintain some effector function after elimination of the antigen, the adaptive immune system reacts faster when encountering the antigen a second time. This is the basis of its ability to remember. In contrast to the situation with lymphocytes, where specificity for a pathogen is confined to few cells that must expand to gain function, the cells and molecules of the innate immune system are usually present in massive numbers and recognize a limited number of invariant features associated with pathogens 1. Examples of such patterns include LPS, nonmethylated CG-rich DNA (CpG), or double-stranded RNA, which are specific for bacterial and viral infections, respectively. Most research in immunology has focused on the adaptive immune system and only recently has the innate immune system entered the focus of interest. Historically, the adaptive and innate immune system were treated and analyzed as two separate entities that had little in common. Such was the disparity that few researchers wondered why antigens were much more immunogenic for the specific immune system when applied with adjuvants that stimulated innate immunity 234. However, the answer posed by this question is critical to our understanding of the immune system and for comprehending the balance between protective immunity and autoimmunity. This commentary tries to highlight a few important links between the innate and adaptive immune systems and how those may impinge on the course of autoimmune diseases.
Using the UML to model knowledge in agent systems

The UML has been used to model the knowledge required to engineer agent systems. The UML provides mechanisms for modelling the knowledge about a domain, partitioning the knowledge into appropriate packages and providing a means of moving from analysis to design. This paper argues that the UML is a suitable language for knowledge modelling in agent systems and provides details of the techniques and extensions employed. By modifying and applying commonly used mainstream modelling languages such as the UML tool and methodology support for the construction of agent systems can be leveraged from existing practices.
Disclosure of new health problems and intervention planning using a geriatric assessment in a primary care setting.

AIM To determine the prevalence of health problems uncovered by a Standardized Assessment for Elderly Patients in a Primary Care Setting (STEP), to explore how often STEP uncovered conditions new to general practitioners (GP) and ascertain how often STEP results led GPs to plan further interventions. METHODS This descriptive, interim analysis was based on the data of 189 elderly patients (median age, 78 years; interquartile range [IQ], 74-81) and their 20 GPs collected in Hannover region, Germany, between June 2008 and April 2009. Study nurses in the practice setting applied the 44-item STEP instrument, based mainly on self-reporting, as well as a standardized patient interview. Subsequently, GPs indicated whether the problems were new to them, and whether they planned further action or health interventions on the basis of the problems identified by STEP. RESULTS A median of 11 health problems (IQ, 8-14) were uncovered per patient, of which a median of 2 (IQ, 1-4) were new to the GP and interventions were planned for a median of 2 problems (IQ, 0-4). Many of the identified health problems are typical of old age. The following health problems uncovered by STEP were often new to the GPs (percentages differ to numbers due to missing GP ratings): cognitive impairment (33 of 64 affected by this problem, 73%), missing or unknown immunization status (84 of 160, 55%), and recent chest pain (19 of 37, 53%). Alcohol misuse was new in all 4 affected patients (100%) and recent falls were new in 5 of 7 patients (83%). Interventions for affected patients were frequently planned for problems of immunization (for 83 patients of 160 reporting the problem, 57%), current anxiety (4 of 9, 50%), and chest pain (14 of 37, 44%). Moreover, further management was frequently planned for depression (10 of 29, 39%) and cognitive impairment (16 of 64, 38%). CONCLUSION Using a geriatric assessment in primary care discloses relevant heath problems and treatment needs that GPs may otherwise overlook.
"münchhausen Trick" and Amenability of Self-similar Groups

The structure of a self-similar group G naturally gives rise to a transformation which assigns to any probability measure μ on G and any vertex w in the action tree of the group a new probability measure μw. If the measure μ is self-similar in the sense that μw is a convex combination of μ and the δ-measure at the group identity, then the asymptotic entropy of the random walk (G, μ) vanishes; therefore, the random walk is Liouville and the group G is amenable. We construct self-similar measures on several classes of self-similar groups, including the Grigorchuk group of intermediate growth.
A retrospective analysis of retirement of football players in Portugal

The purpose of this study was to analyse the retirement of elite football players in Portugal. Specifically, the quality of retirement and the resources available were evaluated. To develop an understanding of the process of the sporting retirement of elite football players we used data from in-depth, semi-structured interviews with ninety professional players from the portuguese football national team. Most of the elite Portuguese footballers we investigated retired from sport between 36 and 40 years of age, their retirement had been involuntary and it had taken them less than a year to accept retirement. Most had only been educated to secondary level and had a strong athletic identity, no plans for their post-football career exist and relied on family as their main psychological support. None of the players had received support from a formal programme. Despite of the findings being consistent with previous research from other Southern European cultures, it seems that the athletic retirement of portuguese footballers has some particularities. Most portuguese footballers retired later and had longer playing careers than athletes in other countries. In addition, retirement was involuntary in most of cases, yet players reported that it took them a relatively short time to accept retirement.
The Parallel Coordinates Matrix

We introduce the parallel coordinates matrix (PCM) as the counterpart to the scatterplot matrix (SPLOM). Using a graph-theoretic approach, we determine a list of axis orderings such that all pairwise relations can be displayed without redundancy while each parallel-coordinates plot can be used independently to visualize all variables of the dataset. Therefore, existing axis-ordering algorithms, rendering techniques, and interaction methods can easily be applied to the individual parallel-coordinates plots. We demonstrate the value of the PCM in two case studies and show how it can serve as an overview visualization for parallel coordinates. Finally, we apply existing focus-and-context techniques in an interactive setup to support a detailed analysis of multivariate data.
Intraocular pressure rise after small incision cataract surgery: a randomised intraindividual comparison of two dispersive viscoelastic agents

AIM To evaluate the effects of the dispersive viscoelastic agents Ocucoat (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 2%) and Viscoat (sodium chondroitin sulphate 4%–sodium hyaluronate 3%) on postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) after bilateral small incision cataract surgery. METHODS This prospective, randomised study comprised 80 eyes of 40 consecutive patients with age related cataract in both eyes scheduled for bilateral small incision cataract surgery. The patients were randomly assigned to receive Ocucoat or Viscoat during cataract surgery of the first eye. The second eye was operated later and received the other viscoelastic agent. Cataract surgery was performed with a temporal 3.2 mm sutureless posterior limbal incision, phacoemulsification, and implantation of a foldable silicone intraocular lens. The IOP was measured preoperatively as well as 6 hours, 20–24 hours, and 1 week postoperatively. RESULTS At 6 hours after surgery the mean IOP increased by 4.6 (SD 5.1) mm Hg in the Ocucoat group (p<0.001) and by 8.6 (8.1) mm Hg in the Viscoat group (p<0.001). The increase was significantly higher in the Viscoat group than in the Ocucoat group (p=0.004). Intraocular pressure spikes of 30 mm Hg or more occurred in two eyes in the Ocucoat and in nine eyes in the Viscoat group (p=0.023); 20–24 hours and 1 week postoperatively the mean IOP was not statistically different. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that Viscoat causes a significantly higher IOP increase and significantly more IOP spikes than Ocucoat in the early period after small incision cataract surgery.
Making Sense of Massive Amounts of Scientific Publications: the Scientific Knowledge Miner Project

This work is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Programme (MDM-2015-0502), by the European Project Dr. Inventor (FP7-ICT-2013.8.1 - Grant: 611383), the Catalonia Trade and Investment Agency (Agencia per la competitivitat de l’empresa, ACCIO) and the TUNER project (TIN2015-65308-C5-5-R, MINECO/FEDER, UE).
Robust pedestrian tracking using improved tracking-learning-detection algorithm

Manual analysis of pedestrians for surveillance of large crowds in real time applications is not practical. Tracking-Learning-Detection suggested by Kalal, Mikolajczyk and Matas [1] is one of the most prominent automatic object tracking system. TLD can track single object and can handle occlusion and appearance change but it suffers from limitations. In this paper, tracking of multiple objects and estimation of their trajectory is suggested using improved TLD. Feature tracking is suggested in place of grid based tracking to solve the limitation of tracking during out of plane rotation. This also leads to optimization of algorithm. Proposed algorithm also achieves auto-initialization with detection of pedestrians in the first frame which makes it suitable for real time pedestrian tracking.
Neural Correlates of Chronic Low Back Pain Measured by Arterial Spin Labeling

Background:The varying nature of chronic pain (CP) is difficult to correlate to neural activity using typical functional magnetic resonance imaging methods. Arterial spin labeling is a perfusion-based imaging technique allowing the absolute quantification of regional cerebral blood flow, which is a surrogate measure of neuronal activity. Methods:Subjects with chronic low back and radicular pain and matched healthy normal subjects, undergoing identical procedures, participated in three sessions: a characterization and training session and two arterial spin labeling sessions. In the first imaging session, CP (if any) was exacerbated using clinical maneuvers; in the second session, noxious heat was applied to the affected leg dermatome, the intensity of which was matched to the pain intensity level of the CP exacerbations for each back pain subject. Results:The clinically significant worsening of ongoing CP (≤ 30%, n = 16) was associated with significant regional blood flow increases (6–10 mm/100 g of tissue/min, P less than 0.01) within brain regions known to activate with experimental pain (somatosensory, prefrontal, and insular cortices) and in other structures observed less frequently in experimental pain studies, such as the superior parietal lobule (part of the dorsal attention network). This effect is specific to changes in ongoing CP as it is observed during worsening CP, but it is not observed after thermal pain application, or in matched, pain-free healthy controls. Conclusions:Study findings demonstrate the use of arterial spin labeling to investigate the neural processing of CP, and these findings are a step forward in the quest for objective biomarkers of the chronic pain experience.
Negotiating Race in the Workplace after Trump

Introduction As we approach the two-year anniversary of Donald Trump’s election as the forty-fifth president of the United States, this seems an appropriate time to consider his ongoing impact as a negotiator. I do so with some reluctance. Unfortunately, President Trump’s negotiation posture and explicit communications have both directly and indirectly pandered to white supremacist, neo-Nazi, and other racially hostile organizations. This seems to have galvanized such groups to more openly pursue their divisive and racist activities since the Trump presidential campaign began, including in the workplace. As an illustrative example, after one Latina woman mentioned to her colleagues that she was upset by Trump’s referral to Mexican immigrants as “rapists” during his presidential campaign, several white co-workers tormented her by posting pictures of an angry-looking Trump as her computer screensaver, sending her racist memes and “jokes,” signing her up as a Trump campaign volunteer, and repeatedly calling her an “illegal immigrant,” despite the fact that she was a natural-born U.S. citizen (Foley 2016). Because of Trump’s explicit and implicit messages, employees of color now face intensified hostility as they navigate matters of race that arise in workplace disputes. As someone with a career focus on fairly resolving workplace disputes who has recently authored a publication entitled “Negotiating while Black” to help employees negotiate race-based workplace concerns (Green 2017), I don’t expect analyzing Trump’s effect on racial conflict in the workplace to be a pleasant endeavor. The first black man to hold the position of U.S. president, Barack Obama, may have spoiled us for eight years with his eloquent and thoughtful communications on matters of race. I found analytical explorations of Obama’s impact on race-based negotiations in the workplace exhilarating. With his unique background, he recognized that members
A Study on the Development of Game-based Mind Wandering Judgment Model in Video Lecture-based Education

Although video lecture materials are very efficient learning materials, they are likely to be unilateral learning materials by the lecturer. It is easily degraded to be one-sided learning, which has been considered as a problem of online education, and it is difficult to judge whether learners are actually learning. Therefore, in this paper, a minimum learning activity judgment model that can automatically determine if they actually learn through mind wandering judgment was proposed to overcome the limitations of previous learning materials, and educational effect verification experiment was performed. Experiment results show that the video lecture class using the minimum learning activity judgment system was effective in improving the academic achievement.
Regional Differences of Serotonin-Mediated Synaptic Plasticity in the Chicken Spinal Cord With Development and Aging

Previous studies in our laboratory /3,17/ have demonstrated that serotonin (5-HT) appears to have a trophic-like effect in enhancing synapse formation and maintenance in both the developing and the adult central nervous system. In the present study, we focused on age-related changes in the density of the axosomatic and axodendritic synapses and the number of 5-HT-positive fibers in the chicken spinal cord, with special reference to differences between the ventral (laminae VII and IX) and the dorsal (lamina I) horn. At 1 week posthatching (PIW), a transient overproduction of synapses and 5-HT-immunoreactive fibers occurred in lamina IX; all parameters had returned to their initial levels by 1 month post-hatching (PIM). The density of synapses further decreased by about 40% between P6M and P2Y (2 years posthatching). Although the magnitude of the transient increase in lamina VII was less than that in lamina IX, the changing pattern of the synapses and the 5-HT-positive fibers was similar in both regions. In the ventral horn, thin 5-HT-positive fibers were most prominent at P1W and then decreased with development; thin 5-HT-positive fibers were still found at P6M but had almost disappeared by P2Y. By contrast, at P2Y the density of the synapses and the 5-HT-positive fibers in the dorsal horn was even higher than that of younger animals. Reduction of 5-HT levels in P2Y-old chickens by p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) administration decreased the synaptic density in lamina I but not in lamina IX. The results of this study demonstrate that 5-HT-mediated synaptic plasticity is markedly different in the ventral and dorsal horns of the aged chicken. In the ventral horn, synaptic plasticity reached a maximum at about P1W, remained stable in the young-adult period, and then finally disappeared in the aged chicken. Conversely, the results suggest that in the dorsal horn, 5-HT fibers continue to mediate the trophic influence on synaptic plasticity even in the old chicken.
Fungal Surface and Innate Immune Recognition of Filamentous Fungi

The innate immune system performs specific detection of molecules from infectious agents through pattern recognition receptors. This recognition triggers inflammatory responses and activation of microbicidal mechanisms by leukocytes. Infections caused by filamentous fungi have increased in incidence and represent an important cause of mortality and morbidity especially in individuals with immunosuppression. This review will discuss the innate immune recognition of filamentous fungi molecules and its importance to infection control and disease.
DISSOLUTION OF DILEMMA BY NEWLY DEFINING CRITERIA MATRIX IN ANP

In a decision-making process, one finds that there are alternatives which can be categorized into several groups, based on his or her perspectives, and/or on expected outcome, such as whether his or her choice brings about gains or losses, or that such a choice is right or wrong. Besides, there are many cases with a dilemma where it is hard to select the best choice through transitive relations. This paper presents a new method to dissolve this dilemma by using ANP (Analytic Network Process) with a newly defined criteria matrix. The case of the super-matrix of ANP is examined in an alternative matrix with a dilemma. The paper shows mathematically that the eigenvector of the super-matrix serves as a solution to this simple dilemma, describes the proposed method, and attempts to apply this method to other dilemmas. The proposed method is limited to up to three alternatives.