Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A high triglyceride-glucose index associated with adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic total occlusion after percutaneous coronary intervention

Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) is a reliable surrogate marker of insulin resistance, associated with morbidity and prognosis of cardiovascular disease. However, its predictive value for cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic total occlusion (CTO) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been studied. Here, we retrospectively enrolled 681 patients with T2DM and CTO after PCI. Patients were divided into two groups based on a median TyG index of 9.02. The TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. The primary observational end point was the composite of overall death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and unplanned revascularization. The Multivariate Cox hazards regression analysis showed that the TyG index was significantly correlated with the primary end point (hazard ratio = 1.699, 95% confidence interval 1.254–2.303, p = 0.001). The addition of TyG to a baseline risk model had an incremental effect on the predictive value for the primary end point (area under the curve: TyG index vs baseline model, 0.693 vs 0.663, comparison p = 0.040; integrated discrimination improvement = 0.049, p = 0.020). The TyG index might be a predictor of adverse cardiovascular events. Moreover, adding the TyG index into a baseline risk model had a cumulative effect on the predictive potential for the primary end point.
Association of Radiation and Procarbazine Dose With Risk of Colorectal Cancer Among Survivors of Hodgkin Lymphoma

Key Points Question Is there a dose-response association of radiation dose to the large bowel and/or procarbazine dose with subsequent colorectal cancer risk in Hodgkin lymphoma survivors? Findings This nested case-control study of 316 patients who underwent treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma at 5 hospitals in the Netherlands found a linear dose-response association between radiation dose to the large bowel and colorectal cancer risk; the dose-response association became steeper with higher doses of procarbazine. Meaning The findings of this case-control study support the use of colorectal cancer screening for survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma who have been treated with subdiaphragmatic radiation therapy and/or procarbazine; this dose-response association can be used to estimate the risk of colorectal cancer among these patients.
Genome‐wide exploration reveals distinctive northern and southern variants of Clonorchis sinensis in the Far East

Clonorchis sinensis is a carcinogenic liver fluke that causes clonorchiasis—a neglected tropical disease (NTD) affecting ~35 million people worldwide. No vaccine is available, and chemotherapy relies on one anthelmintic, praziquantel. This parasite has a complex life history and is known to infect a range of species of intermediate (freshwater snails and fish) and definitive (piscivorous) hosts. Despite this biological complexity and the impact of this biocarcinogenic pathogen, there has been no previous study of molecular variation in this parasite on a genome‐wide scale. Here, we conducted the first extensive nuclear genomic exploration of C. sinensis individuals (n = 152) representing five distinct populations from mainland China, and one from Far East Russia, and revealed marked genetic variation within this species between “northern” and “southern” geographical regions. The discovery of this variation indicates the existence of biologically distinct variants within C. sinensis, which may have distinct epidemiology, pathogenicity and/or chemotherapic responsiveness. The detection of high heterozygosity within C. sinensis specimens suggests that this parasite has developed mechanisms to readily adapt to changing environments and/or host species during its life history/evolution. From an applied perspective, the identification of invariable genes could assist in finding new intervention targets in this parasite, given the major clinical relevance of clonorchiasis. From a technical perspective, the genomic‐informatic workflow established herein will be readily applicable to a wide range of other parasites that cause NTDs.
Structure and stellar population of ringed barred galaxy NGC 2336

Results are presented for surface UBVRI photometry of the giant spiral galaxy NGC 2336. The data were obtained with the 1.8-m telescope of the Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory in Korea, using a CCD camera. The structure and radial light distribution of the galaxy were studied. The compositions of the stellar populations in various regions of the galaxy were estimated using two-color diagrams, and regions of star formation were identified. The properties of the 34 largest such regions were determined. The ages of these star formation regions were estimated using stellar evolutionary synthesis models. It is shown that active, constant, non-burst star formation has been recently proceeding in the disk of NGC 2336.
Science than art of Si many-body potentials: Reproducibility and transferability

We present a novel technique for developing many-body empirical potentials that guarantees perfect reproducibility of the equilibrium elastic constants of bulk silicon. We rigorously connect material properties to potential parameters, and show how to judge reproducibility and transferability of the fit. A larger input database including anharmonic effects tends to improve transferability, but reduce reproducibility of the bulk elastic properties.
Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Reaction Products of Fast Oxygen Atoms-Material Interactions

To study the reaction products of atomic oxygen impingement on spacecraft external materials, a quadrupole mass spectrometer coupled to transfer ion optics has been integrated into a space simulation chamber, equipped with a laser-assisted source of fast oxygen atoms. The mass spectrometer is used in a time-of-e ight mode, which makes it possible to separate the effects of uv ‐vuv photons, oxygen ions, and oxygen atoms, all of which are present simultaneously in the pulsed neutral beam. Neutral surface reaction products are ionized either by charge transfer or by nonresonant laser multiphoton ionization. Initial studies on three polymer samples evidence a high analytical sensitivity, making it possible to detect and to differentiate the reaction products. Comparison between mass spectra data and direct mass loss measurements on several polymeric materials shows the semiquantitative aspect of the analysis technique that has been developed.
Bispecific antibody CAP256.J3LS targets V2-apex and CD4-binding sites with high breadth and potency

ABSTRACT Antibody CAP256-VRC26.25 targets the second hypervariable region (V2) at the apex of the HIV envelope (Env) trimer with extraordinary neutralization potency, although less than optimal breadth. To improve breadth, we linked the light chain of CAP256V2LS, an optimized version of CAP256-VRC26.25 currently under clinical evaluation, to the llama nanobody J3, which has broad CD4-binding site-directed neutralization. The J3-linked bispecific antibody exhibited improved breadth and potency over both J3 and CAP256V2LS, indicative of synergistic neutralization. The cryo-EM structure of the bispecific antibody in complex with a prefusion-closed Env trimer revealed simultaneous binding of J3 and CAP256V2LS. We further optimized the pharmacokinetics of the bispecific antibody by reducing the net positive charge of J3. The optimized bispecific antibody, which we named CAP256.J3LS, had a half-life similar to CAP256V2LS in human FcRn knock-in mice and exhibited suitable auto-reactivity, manufacturability, and biophysical risk. CAP256.J3LS neutralized over 97% of a multiclade 208-strain panel (geometric mean concentration for 80% inhibition (IC80) 0.079 μg/ml) and 100% of a 100-virus clade C panel (geometric mean IC80 of 0.05 μg/ml), suggesting its anti-HIV utility especially in regions where clade C dominates.
Mindful self-focus–an interaction affecting Theory of Mind?

Is thinking about oneself helpful or harmful for understanding other people? The answer might depend on how a person thinks about themself. Mindfulness is one prominent construct that seems to affect the quality and content of a person’s thoughts about themselves in the world. Thus, we hypothesize that the relationship between self-focus and Theory of Mind (ToM) is moderated by mindfulness. We evaluate our hypothesis with a large cross-sectional dataset (N = 543) of native and non-native German and English speakers using OLS and MM-estimated robust multiple regression analysis. We found a small but robust self-focus × mindfulness interaction effect on ToM so that there was a significant positive relation between self-focus and ToM for more mindful individuals and no significant relation for less mindful individuals. The findings support our hypothesis that mindfulness moderates the relationship between self-focus and ToM performance. We discuss the limitations and differences between the present study and previous findings.
Deep Learning Diagnosis and Classification of Rotator Cuff Tears on Shoulder MRI

Background Detection of rotator cuff tears, a common cause of shoulder disability, can be time-consuming and subject to reader variability. Deep learning (DL) has the potential to increase radiologist accuracy and consistency. Purpose The aim of this study was to develop a prototype DL model for detection and classification of rotator cuff tears on shoulder magnetic resonance imaging into no tear, partial-thickness tear, or full-thickness tear. Materials and Methods This Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant, institutional review board–approved study included a total of 11,925 noncontrast shoulder magnetic resonance imaging scans from 2 institutions, with 11,405 for development and 520 dedicated for final testing. A DL ensemble algorithm was developed that used 4 series as input from each examination: fluid-sensitive sequences in 3 planes and a sagittal oblique T1-weighted sequence. Radiology reports served as ground truth for training with categories of no tear, partial tear, or full-thickness tear. A multireader study was conducted for the test set ground truth, which was determined by the majority vote of 3 readers per case. The ensemble comprised 4 parallel 3D ResNet50 convolutional neural network architectures trained via transfer learning and then adapted to the targeted domain. The final tear-type prediction was determined as the class with the highest probability, after averaging the class probabilities of the 4 individual models. Results The AUC overall for supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis tendon tears was 0.93, 0.89, and 0.90, respectively. The model performed best for full-thickness supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis tears with AUCs of 0.98, 0.99, and 0.95, respectively. Multisequence input demonstrated higher AUCs than single-sequence input for infraspinatus and subscapularis tendon tears, whereas coronal oblique fluid-sensitive and multisequence input showed similar AUCs for supraspinatus tendon tears. Model accuracy for tear types and overall accuracy were similar to that of the clinical readers. Conclusions Deep learning diagnosis of rotator cuff tears is feasible with excellent diagnostic performance, particularly for full-thickness tears, with model accuracy similar to subspecialty-trained musculoskeletal radiologists.
Effects of Technical Errors on the Outcomes of Operatively Managed Femoral Neck Fractures in Adults Less than 50 Years of Age

Objective: To evaluate the effect of technical errors (TEs) on the outcomes after repair of femoral neck fractures in young adults. Design: Multicenter retrospective clinical study. Setting: 26 North American Level 1 Trauma Centers. Patients: Skeletally mature patients younger than 50 years of age with 492 femoral neck fractures treated between 2005 and 2017. Intervention: Operative repair of femoral neck fracture. Main Outcome Measurements: The association between TE (malreduction and deviation from optimal technique) and treatment failure (fixation failure, nonunion, malunion, osteonecrosis, malunion, and revision surgery) were examined using logistic regression analysis. Results: Overall, a TE was observed in 50% (n = 245/492) of operatively managed femoral neck fractures in young patients. Two or more TEs were observed in 10% of displaced fractures. Treatment failure in displaced fractures occurred in 27% of cases without a TE, 56% of cases with 1 TE, and 86% of cases with 2 or more TEs. TEs were encountered less frequently in treatment of nondisplaced fractures compared with displaced fractures (39% vs. 53%, P < 0.001). Although TE(s) in nondisplaced fractures increased the risk of treatment failure and/or major reconstructive surgery (22% vs. 9%, P < 0.001), they were less frequently associated with treatment failure when compared with displaced fractures with a TE (22% vs. 69% P < 0.001). Conclusions: TEs were found in half of all femoral neck fractures in young adults undergoing operative repair. Both the occurrence and number of TEs were associated with an increased risk for failure of treatment. Preoperative planning for thoughtful and well-executed reduction and fixation techniques should lead to improved outcomes for young patients with femoral neck fractures. This study should also highlight the need for educational forums to address this subject. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Evaluating the impact of short educational videos on the cortical networks for mathematics

Significance Teaching mathematical concepts is difficult. To facilitate the comprehension and appeal of mathematics, several teaching websites provide vivid videos illustrating math concepts. Here, however, we show that merely watching such videos fails to improve the brain networks for mathematics. During the video itself, these networks are transiently engaged—but a few minutes later, when we ask questions about the taught concepts, performance is only minimally improved, and the participants engage generic regions thought to be involved in short-term memory and language, rather than the targeted math-responsive regions. Brief video watching is therefore insufficient as a pedagogical device, probably because it misses ingredients such as teacher–pupil interactions, explicit teaching, active engagement, retrieval practice, repetition, and sleep.
ON THE POWER OF QUANTUM TAMPER-PROOF DEVICES

We show how quantum tamper-proof devices (QTPD's) can be used to attack and to develop security protocols. On one hand, we prove that it is possible to transfer proofs of zero-knowledge protocols using QTPD's. This attack can be extended to other security schemes where privacy is important. On the other hand, we present a fair contract signing protocol using QTPD's where there is no communication with Judge during the exchange phase (which is impossible classically). In the latter case, we make use of decoherence in the quantum state of the QTPD to implement a global clock over the asynchronous network. QTPD's seem to be possible to implement with existing quantum hardware, due to the fact that it is hard to isolate quantum memory from interference. These theoretical results contribute to justify the implementation of QTPD's.
Sterile filtration of a multi‐serotype glycoconjugate vaccine drug product

Glycoconjugate vaccines consisting of multiple serotypes of the bacterial capsular polysaccharide can provide strong protection against infection by significant pathogens. Previous studies of the sterile filtration behavior of these glycoconjugates have been limited to experiments with individual serotypes even though the formulated vaccines contain several different serotypes to provide broad immunization. The objective of this study was to explore the fouling behavior of a glycoconjugate vaccine drug product consisting of four different polysaccharide serotypes. Sterile filtration data were obtained with 0.22 µm Durapore® membranes at both constant flux and constant pressure for both the individual serotypes and the drug product containing multiple serotypes. Fouled membranes were examined by confocal microscopy, demonstrating that all four serotypes deposit in a narrow band near the filter inlet. The different ionic composition of the formulation buffer (compared to the buffers used with the drug substance) had a large effect on the fouling behavior. In addition, the fouling resistance associated with the drug product was greater than the sum of the resistances of the individual serotypes. These results provide important insights into the sterile filtration behavior of these multivalent glycoconjugate vaccines.
The Legacy of Infectious Disease Exposure on the Genomic Diversity of Indigenous Southern Mexicans

Abstract To characterize host risk factors for infectious disease in Mesoamerican populations, we interrogated 857,481 SNPs assayed using the Affymetrix 6.0 genotyping array for signatures of natural selection in immune response genes. We applied three statistical tests to identify signatures of natural selection: locus-specific branch length (LSBL), the cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH), and the integrated haplotype score (iHS). Each of the haplotype tests (XP-EHH and iHS) were paired with LSBL and significance was determined at the 1% level. For the paired analyses, we identified 95 statistically significant windows for XP-EHH/LSBL and 63 statistically significant windows for iHS/LSBL. Among our top immune response loci, we found evidence of recent directional selection associated with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) signaling pathway. These findings illustrate that Mesoamerican populations' immunity has been shaped by exposure to infectious disease. As targets of selection, these variants are likely to encode phenotypes that manifest themselves physiologically and therefore may contribute to population-level variation in immune response. Our results shed light on past selective events influencing the host response to modern diseases, both pathogenic infection as well as autoimmune disorders.
OLDER ADULTS’ SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING EXPERIENCING THE EXERGAME “I AM DOLPHIN”

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to understand older adults’ perceptions of the connections between an exergame intervention, “I Am Dolphin,” and their subjective well-being. Researchers conducted three focus groups with 14 older adults who participated in the exergame feasibility study. The semi-structured focus groups were transcribed, coded, and analysed using deductive and inductive techniques. Three themes were constructed related to playing the exergame and participants’ subjective well-being: 1) elevated mood (through scheduled activity, immersion, and socialization), 2) feelings of achievement (especially following frustration and competition), and 3) perceived cognitive or physical changes. These findings will help researchers better understand how exergames may relate to the well-being of older adults. Future investigators could use these findings to create and implement new exergame interventions.
Testing Reciprocal Relations by Nonrecursive Structuralequation Models Using Cross-Sectional Data

Structural equation modeling has become a common technique to test the reciprocal relations between two constructs using cross-sectional data in management research. Although there are pros and cons to this application, it appears clear that sometimes it is necessary to use a cross-sectional nonrecursive model as an approximation of the cross-lagged reciprocal effects. Several factors (i.e., proper specification of the nonrecursive model, effects of instrumental variables, time interval, true cross-lagged effects, and sample size) that may affect the adequacy of the nonrecursive model are identified from the literature. Two examples using realistic parameters found in the literature are used to explore the potential effects of these factors in the application of a nonrecursive model. The article ends with a discussion of future research implications and recommendations of studies designed to test possible reciprocal relations between constructs.
Within-Person Temporal Associations Among Self-Reported Physical Activity, Sleep, and Well-Being in College Students

ABSTRACT Objective A holistic understanding of the naturalistic dynamics among physical activity, sleep, emotions, and purpose in life as part of a system reflecting wellness is key to promoting well-being. The main aim of this study was to examine the day-to-day dynamics within this wellness system. Methods Using self-reported emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, anxiousness) and physical activity periods collected twice per day, and daily reports of sleep and purpose in life via smartphone experience sampling, more than 28 days as college students (n = 226 young adults; mean [standard deviation] = 20.2 [1.7] years) went about their daily lives, we examined day-to-day temporal and contemporaneous dynamics using multilevel vector autoregressive models that consider the network of wellness together. Results Network analyses revealed that higher physical activity on a given day predicted an increase of happiness the next day. Higher sleep quality on a given night predicted a decrease in negative emotions the next day, and higher purpose in life predicted decreased negative emotions up to 2 days later. Nodes with the highest centrality were sadness, anxiety, and happiness in the temporal network and purpose in life, anxiety, and anger in the contemporaneous network. Conclusions Although the effects of sleep and physical activity on emotions and purpose in life may be shorter term, a sense of purpose in life is a critical component of wellness that can have slightly longer effects, bleeding into the next few days. High-arousal emotions and purpose in life are central to motivating people into action, which can lead to behavior change.
Conformational rearrangements in the second voltage sensor domain switch PIP2- and voltage-gating modes in two-pore channels

Significance Membrane voltage and PIP2 are different types of signals on endosomal and lysosomal membranes. The two signals are integrated into two-pore channels (TPCs), whose two repeating domains, DI and DII, play roles in PIP2 binding and voltage sensing, respectively. We showed that the conformation of the S4 helix in DII determines the voltage-dependent or PIP2-dependent gating mode, which explains the different preferences of the two signals between the TPC subtypes. The preference for these two gating modes can be changed by the flavonoid, naringenin. Our findings on the molecular mechanisms of the two gating modes in TPCs provide a clue to the understanding and pharmacological manipulation of the signaling by PIP2 and voltage in intracellular organelles.
Exploration of meaning, motivation, and preparedness to care amongst the one‐child policy generation in China

In China there is a cultural expectation (Xiao, 孝‐filial piety) that offspring should provide care for their parents. However, the sustainability of this is threatened by the impact of the One‐Child Policy (OCP) (1979–2015), which has resulted in a diminution in numbers of children available to care, rapid urbanisation and increase in the number of women in employment. In this context, the objective was to explore the motivations, meaning, and preparedness for future caregiving of offspring affected by the OCP.