Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Please Scroll down for Article Journal of Nonparametric Statistics Locally Modelled Regression and Functional Data Locally Modelled Regression and Functional Data Journal of Nonparametric Statistics 2.2. Interpretation and Comments Journal of Nonparametric Statistics

This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. The general framework of this paper deals with the nonparametric regression of a scalar response on a functional variable (i.e. one observation can be a curve, surface, or any other object lying into an infinite-dimensional space). This paper proposes to model local behaviour of the regression operator (i.e. the link between a scalar response and an explanatory functional variable). To this end, one introduces a functional approach in the same spirit as local linear ideas in nonparametric regression. The main advantage of this functional local method is to propose an explicit expression of a kernel-type estimator which makes its computation easy and fast while keeping good predictive performance. Asymptotic properties are stated, and a functional data set illustrates the good behaviour of this functional locally modelled regression method. Nonparametric statistical models have taken an important place in statistical science. At the same time there are an increasing number of situations arising from different fields of applied sciences in which the data are of a functional nature (i.e. one observation can be a curve, surface, etc.). A lot of functional data sets have been studied in the recent literature, dealing with chemometrics Such data are called functional data in the sense that they come from observations of a functional variable. The combination of the nonparametric models with the functional data leads us to the problem of the functional nonparametric statistics, which is a very recent field of investigation (Ferraty and Vieu 2006). This work deals with the functional regression setting when one wishes to predict a response Y from an explanatory functional variable X. In addition, only regularity constraints will be assumed with respect to the regression operator, leading naturally to nonparametric modelling. So, the general …
H∞ filtering for sampled-data fuzzy systems

Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy system can describe a wide class of nonlinear systems, and is widely used in many engineering fields. Recently, system analysis and control design for nonlinear systems based fuzzy system approach have been active. This paper is concerned with H∞ filtering for sampled-data fuzzy systems. The system is usually modelled as a continuous-time fuzzy system, while the observation is taken at discrete instants. First it is shown that the error system which comes from an original fuzzy system and a sampled-data filter becomes a system with time-varying delay. Sufficient conditions for the error system to achieve the stability with H∞ disturbance attenuation are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs). We derive such conditions via output delay system approach under the assumption that sampling-time is not greater than some prescribed number. Based on such conditions, we propose an H∞ sampled-data filter design for a fuzzy system. Numerical examples are given to illustrate our H∞ sampled-data filtering.
Common physical basis of macromolecule-binding sites in proteins

Protein–DNA/RNA/protein interactions play critical roles in many biological functions. Previous studies have focused on the different features characterizing the different macromolecule-binding sites and approaches to detect these sites. However, no common unique signature of these sites had been reported. Thus, this work aims to provide a ‘common’ principle dictating the location of the different macromolecule-binding sites founded upon fundamental principles of binding thermodynamics. To achieve this aim, a comprehensive set of structurally nonhomologous DNA-, RNA-, obligate protein- and nonobligate protein-binding proteins, both free and bound to their respective macromolecules, was created and a novel strategy for detecting clusters of residues with electrostatic or steric strain given the protein structure was developed. The results show that regardless of the macromolecule type, the binding strength and conformational changes upon binding, macromolecule-binding sites are energetically less stable than nonmacromolecule-binding sites. They also reveal new energetic features distinguishing DNA- from RNA-binding sites and obligate protein- from nonobligate protein-binding sites in both free/bound protein structures.
Inhibition of the Na,K pump by vanadate in high-Na solutions. Modification of the reaction mechanism by external Na acting at a high- affinity site

We have examined vanadate inhibition of the Na,K pump in the presence of external Na (Nao). Nao protects against inhibition of the Na,K pump by vanadate, but not against inhibition by phosphate or arsenate. Protection by Nao is reversed by external K (Ko). Although the site at which Na exerts its protective effect has properties similar to the two transport sites for K at the outside of the pump, it is not one of the transport sites. The data can be qualitatively accounted for if it is postulated that there is a protective site, separate from the transport sites, at which Nao and Ko compete. When the site is empty or bound to K, vanadate combines with high affinity with pumps that have two K ions bound to the transport sites, but not with pumps that have Na bound to the protective site, even if K is bound to the transport sites. The protective site has a high affinity for both Na and K; the apparent K 1/2 for external Na is less than 2 mM, which is similar to that of a previously described site at which Nao inhibits a number of the partial reactions of the pump. Nao protects against vanadate inhibition of the K-K exchange in the absence of cell Na, and against vanadate inhibition of p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity of the pump in the absence of ATP. The protective site is a manifestation of an E2 conformation of the pump. The protective effect of Nao is not changed by altering the intracellular Mg2+ concentration.
Envisioning the Future of Science Libraries at Academic Research Institutions : A Discussion

A group of librarians, other information professionals, scientists and research administrators met to discuss the challenges that research libraries are currently facing. After the meeting a survey was conducted to obtain additional input from the group on several key challenges that arose from the discussions. The purpose of the meeting and survey was threefold: 1. Examine in detail, from a variety of perspectives, how the world of research is changing and the impact these changes have on the direction of research libraries. 2. Create an informed vision of how research libraries can be a vital partner to researchers. 3. Suggest a strategic approach for realizing this vision. The strategic approach presented in this white paper incorporates feedback from various sized research libraries, each with its own mission. The expectation is that individual libraries will use it as a guide in formulating strategies that are appropriate to their research communities, financial circumstances, and organizational reporting structure.
Performance evaluation of IDMA implementation with physical layer network coding

Physical layer network coding (PNC) technique has been adopted in recent works for increasing the system throughput in a two way relay channel (TWRC) where two users exchange their information via an intermediate node. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of increasing numbers of users for PNC technique where multiple pairs of users swap their information simultaneously through a single relay node for TWRC. This scheme uses interleave division multiple access (IDMA) for multiuser detection at the receiver. Moreover, a common chip level interleaver is shared for each pair of users instead of using a distinct chip level interleaver as in traditional IDMA. In addition, channel coding is integrated with the newly proposed scheme to achieve more reliable communications. The performance of the proposed system is investigated for the TWRC in terms of the bit error rate (BER).
The Effect of Charon's Tidal Damping on the Orbits of Pluto's Three Moons

Pluto's recently discovered minor moons, Nix and Hydra, have almost circular orbits, and are nearly coplanar with Charon, Pluto's major moon. This is surprising because tidal interactions with Pluto are too weak to damp their eccentricities. We consider an alternative possibility: that Nix and Hydra circularize their orbits by exciting Charon's eccentricity via secular interactions, and Charon in turn damps its own eccentricity by tidal interaction with Pluto. The timescale for this process can be less than the age of the Solar System, for plausible tidal parameters and moon masses. However, as we show numerically and analytically, the effects of the 2:1 and 3:1 resonant forcing terms between Nix and Charon complicate this picture. In the presence of Charon's tidal damping, the 2:1 term forces Nix to migrate outward and the 3:1 term changes the eccentricity damping rate, sometimes leading to eccentricity growth. We conclude that this mechanism probably does not explain Nix and Hydra's current orbits. Instead, we suggest that they were formed in-situ with low eccentricities. We also show that an upper limit on Nix's migration speed sets a lower limit on Pluto-Charon's tidal circularization timescale of >10^5 yrs. Moreover, Hydra's observed proper eccentricity may be explained by the 3:2 forcing by Nix.
Applying Machine Learning for Fault Prediction Using Software Metrics

Defective modules pose considerable risk by decreasing customer satisfaction and by increasing the development and maintenance costs. Therefore, in software development life cycle, it is essential to predict defective modules as early as possible so as to improve software developers’ ability to identify the defect-prone modules and focus quality assurance activities such as testing and inspections on those modules. Software metrics play an important role in measuring the quality of software. It is desirable to predict the quality of software as early as possible, and hence metrics have to be collected early as well. This study is focused on the high-performance fault predictors based on machine learning algorithms. The defect prediction is performed using method-level metrics and class-level metrics for KC1 dataset. We used public NASA datasets from the PROMISE repository. Various classifiers were examined for kc1 dataset using different metrics level data SVM provides the best prediction performance for both metrics level in terms of precision, recall and accuracy. Keywords— Defect prediction, Software metrics, Machine learning, Class level metrics, Method level metrics .
Eu Action against Trafficking of Human Beings: past, Present and the Future

This chapter analyses the European Union (EU) in relation to trafficking of human beings. It illustrates action against trafficking under the Treaty on European Union (TEU). In accordance with Title VI, an overall strategy of EU has been promotion of functional co-operation among law enforcement and judicial authorities of Member States. It then discusses the present action against trafficking under TEU as revised by Treaty of Amsterdam. The chapter focuses on two key instruments: the Council Framework Decision on combating trafficking in human beings and Council Directive on the short-term residence permit issued to victims of action to facilitate illegal immigration for trafficking in human beings who cooperate with the competent authorities . It identifies the uncertain legal nature of initiatives adopted by the EU, promotion of divergence rather than approximation, and restrictive immigration laws and policies as examples of problems which may limit the effectiveness of EU action against trafficking. Keywords: European Union (EU); illegal immigration; immigration laws; Member States; trafficking of human beings; Treaty of Amsterdam; Treaty on European Union (TEU)
Hygiene For Preparation Of Infant Formular In A Developing Country

The study determined the efficacy of protocols employed in replacement/artificial feeding using commercial infant formula. The study was carried out in the different suburban locations of Harare, Zimbabwe. A sample size of 20 mothers/caregivers giving commercial infant formula to their babies at between 0-6 months was targeted. Convenience and snowball sampling techniques were used to identify the participants. Interviews using a structured questionnaire were conducted and complemented by direct observation of the participants as they prepared the infant formula. The results were tallied against a checklist of recommended practices and label instructions. The results established that there were short falls in the preparation procedures as employed by the caregivers, mainly the mixing order of powder and water, temperature of the water for reconstitution and handling of left over formula after feed; 50 percent of caregivers were not adhering to the label instructions as given by the manufacturers and to recommendations proposed by World Health Organisation. Poor hand washing was indicative in 80% of the cases. Bottle feeding was predominant (n=16) compared to cup feeding (n=4) and the population practicing artificial feeding were mostly the young (90%), married (80%), educated (100%) and working group (90%). The researcher recommends that health providers strengthen efforts to ensure that adequate information/counselling and consistent advice of optimal benefit to the infant-mother pair be given and that the Ministry of Health and Child Welfare Nutrition unit must strictly monitor the activities and the information given out by infant formula manufacturers as stipulated by the International Code of Marketing of Breast milk Substitutes and also giving them the responsibility of following up on the appropriate use of their products.
A Clinicobiological Model Predicting Survival in Medulloblastoma

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relative contributions of biological and clinical predictors of survival in patients with medulloblastoma (MB). Experimental Design: Clinical presentation and survival information were obtained for 119 patients who had undergone surgery for MB at the Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) between 1985 and 2001. A tissue microarray was constructed from the tumor samples. The arrays were assayed for immunohistochemical expression of MYC, p53, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α, ErbB2, MIB-1, and TrkC and for apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling). Both univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to characterize the association between survival and both clinical and biological markers. For the strongest predictors of survival, a weighted predictive score was calculated based on their hazard ratios (HRs). The sum of these scores was then used to give an overall prediction of survival using a nomogram. Results: The four strongest predictors of survival in the final multivariable model were the presence of metastatic disease at presentation (HR, 2.02; P = 0.01) and p53 (HR, 2.29; P = 0.02), TrkC (HR, 0.65; P = 0.14), and ErbB2 (HR, 1.51; P = 0.21) immunopositivity. A linear prognostic index was derived, with coefficients equal to the logarithm of these HRs. The 5-year survival rate for patients at the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles of the score distribution was 80.0%, 71.0%, and 35.7%, respectively, with radiation therapy and 70.5%, 58.5%, and 20.0%, respectively, without radiation therapy. Conclusions: In this study, we demonstrate an approach to combining both clinical and biological markers to quantify risk in MB patients. This provides further prognostic information than can be obtained when either clinical factors or biological markers are studied separately and establishes a framework for comparing prognostic markers in future clinical studies.
Dark Matter in MS 1224 from Distortion of Background Galaxies

We explore the dark matter distribution in ms1224.7+2007 using the gravitational distortion of the images of faint background galaxies. Projected mass image reconstruction reveals a highly significant concentration coincident with the X-ray and optical location. The concentration is seen repeatably in reconstructions from independent subsamples and the azimuthally averaged tangential shear pattern is also clearly seen in the data. The projected mass within a $2.76'$ radius aperture is $\simeq 3.5 \times 10^{14} h^{-1} M_{\sun}$. This is $\simeq 3$ times larger than that predicted if mass traces light with $M/L = 275 h$ as derived from virial analysis. It is very hard to attribute the discrepancy to a statistical fluctuation, and a further indication of a significant difference between the mass and the light comes from a second mass concentration which is again seen in independent subsamples but which is not seen at all in the cluster light. We find a mass per galaxy visible to $I = 22$ of $\simeq 8 \times 10^{12}h^{-1}M_{\sun}$ which, if representative of the universe, implies a density parameter $\Omega \sim 2$. We find a null detection of any net shear from large-scale structure with a precision of 0.9\% per component. This is much smaller than the possible detection in a recent comparable study, and the precision here is comparable to to the minimum level of rms shear fluctuations implied by observed large-scale structure.
Forest rights : the micro-politics of decentralisation and forest tenure reform in tribal India

This paper analyses the historical trajectories of both British colonial rule and independent India to categorise scheduled tribes and to appropriate and legalise forests in tribal areas. It builds upon Foucault’s notion of governmentality to argue that the history of the scheduled tribes’ subject-making and the related history of forest demarcation is indispensable for understanding the current politics of decentralised forest management in India. Three dimensions of ‘forest governmentality’ – the history of categorisation, the politics of social identity, and the technologies of forest governance – are discussed to show how recent efforts to politicise forest tenure rights have reinforced political control over the scheduled tribes through new forms of authority, inclusion and exclusion. However, to claim their individual and community right to forestland and resources, the scheduled tribes have internalised their ‘new’ ethnic identity, thereby creating countervailing power and room to manoeuvre within the current forest governance regime. This is supported by a case study of the Bhil, a predominantly forest-dependent scheduled tribe in the semi-arid region of western India.
A perspective on information technology based organizational learning

In the current society characterized by information intensive environments, enterprises need to adapt and update knowledge to keep their capability of innovation and to maintain their competitive advantages. Organization learning is a key activity to improve enterprises performance and to build their core competitive advantages. This paper presents a perspective on information technology based organizational learning which explores the relationship between organizational learning, knowledge management and organizational innovation. Knowledge management is an important input of organizational learning. Organizational learning is as a key process, and organizational innovation will appear as an outcome. Information technology can be used to encourage and facilitate knowledge management and organizational learning.
The cellular physiology of carbonic anhydrases.

Carbonic anhydrases are zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of CO(2) to form HCO(3)(-) and protons according to the following reaction: CO(2) + H(2)O <=> H(2)CO(3) <=> HCO(3)(-) + H(+). The first reaction is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase and the second reaction occurs instantaneously. The carbonic anhydrase (CA) gene family includes ten enzymatically active members, which are major players in many physiological processes, including renal and male reproductive tract acidification, bone resorption, respiration, gluconeogenesis, signal transduction, and formation of gastric acid. The newly identified CA IX (previously called MN) and CA XII are related to cell proliferation and oncogenesis. Carbonic anhydrase isozymes have different kinetic properties and they are present in various tissues and in various cell compartments. CA I, II, III and VII are cytoplasmic, CA V is mitochondrial, and CA VI is present in salivary secretions. CA IV, IX, XII and XIV are membrane proteins: CA IV is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, and CA IX, XII and XIV are transmembrane proteins. The present work will focus on the roles of CA II and CA IV in transepithelial proton secretion and bicarbonate reabsorption processes. The localization of these isoforms in selected epithelia that are involved in net acid/base transport, such as kidney proximal tubules and collecting ducts, and tubules from the male reproductive tract will be reviewed.
The Relation Between Histological, Tumor-Biological and Clinical Parameters in Deep and Superficial Leiomyosarcoma and Leiomyoma

Purpose: Leiomyosarcomas (LMS) of deep and superficial tissues were examined to identify prognostic markers explaining their different biological behaviour and to define differences between cutaneous and subcutaneous LMS. LMS and leiomyomas (LM) of the skin were compared to and consistent differences that could aid in the (sometimes difficult) diagnosis. Patients: Material was obtained from 27 patients with a deep LMS, 14 with a superficial LMS, and 21 with a LM. Methods: Proliferation markers (mitotic and Ki-67 indices), DNA ploidy, size, grade, and the amount of apoptosis were studied. Statistical analysis was performed and survival curves were constructed by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Results: Superficial LMS were smaller than deep LMS (p < 0.05), and the overall survival of patients with a superficial LMS was better than with a deep LMS (p < 0.05). Within the group of superficial LMS only entirely subcutaneous, and not cutaneous tumors metastasized.No differences were found in the other examined parameters. Proliferation and apoptotic indices were significantly higher in superficial LMS compared to superficial LM. Discussion: The difference in clinical outcome between patients with a superficial and deep LMS, seems to be related to site and size.The metastatic potential of subcutaneous LMS, however, seems to be related to location alone and not to size.The amount of apoptosis and proliferation can be used as additional criteria in the differentiation between superficial LMS and LM.