Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of the asian summer monsoon to aspects of sea‐surface‐temperature anomalies in the tropical pacific ocean

The response of both the time of onset, and the strength of the Asian summer monsoon, to regional aspects of the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean associated with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been investigated through a series of sensitivity experiments with the Universities Global Atmospheric Modelling Programme (UGAMP) General Circulation Model (UGCM). This paper builds on the work of Ju and Slingo (1995) and on their hypothesis that the relationship between the Asian summer monsoon and ENSO involved the latitudinal position and strength of the tropical convective maximum (TCM) over Indonesia and the west Pacific in the preceding spring. the inference from their results was that the modulation of the TCM might be associated either with changes in the Walker circulation through the influence of the east Pacific SST anomalies, or with changes in the local Hadley circulation associated with the in situ SST anomalies in the west Pacific. the investigation has focused on the particular contrasting years of 1983 and 1984. the experiments described in this paper are designed to isolate the effects of the principal SST anomalies in the east and central Pacific, associated with El Niño/La Niño, from those of opposite sign which develop in the west Pacific as a complementary pattern during the mature phase of El Niño/La Niño.
Unsteady flow evolution in swirl injector with radial entry. I. Stationary conditions

The vortical flow dynamics in a gas-turbine swirl injector were investigated by means of large eddy simulations. The flow enters the injector through three sets of radial-entry, counter-rotating swirl vanes. The formulation treats the Favre-filtered conservation equations in three dimensions along with a subgrid-scale model, and is solved numerically using a density-based, finite-volume approach with explicit time marching. Several methods, including proper orthogonal decomposition, spectral analysis, and flow visualization, are implemented to explore the flow dynamics in the complex three-dimensional flowfields. Various underlying mechanisms dictating the flow evolution, such as vortex breakdown, the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, and helical instability, as well as their interactions, are studied for different swirl numbers. The flowfield exhibits well-organized motion in a low swirl-number case, in which the vortex shedding arising from shear instabilities downstream of the guide vanes drives acoustic o.
TtCel7A: A Native Thermophilic Bifunctional Cellulose/Xylanase Exogluclanase from the Thermophilic Biomass-Degrading Fungus Thielavia terrestris Co3Bag1, and Its Application in Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Agroindustrial Derivatives

The biomass-degrading thermophilic ascomycete fungus Thielavia terrestris Co3Bag1 produces TtCel7A, a native bifunctional cellulase/xylanase GH7 family. The purified TtCel7A, with an estimated molecular weight of 71 kDa, was biochemically characterized. TtCel7A displayed an optimal pH of 5.5 for both activities and an optimal temperature of 60 and 50 °C for cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities, respectively. The half-lives determined for cellulase activity were 140, 106, and 41 min at 50, 60, and 70 °C, respectively, whereas the half-lives observed for xylanase activity were 24, 10, and 1.4 h at 50, 60, and 70 °C, respectively. The KM and Vmax values were 3.12 mg/mL and 50 U/mg for cellulase activity and 0.17 mg/mL and 42.75 U/mg for xylanase activity. Circular dichroism analysis suggests changes in the secondary structure of TtCel7A in the presence of CMC as the substrate, whereas no modifications were observed with beechwood xylan. TtCel7A displayed the excellent capability to hydrolyze CMC, beechwood xylan, and complex substrates such as oat bran, wheat bran, and sugarcane bagasse, with glucose and cellobiose being the main products released; also, slightly less endo cellulase and xylanase activities were observed. Thus, suggesting TtCel7A has an exo- and endomode of action. Based on the characteristics of the enzyme, it might be considered a good candidate for industrial applications.
A Gaussian-Process-Based Data-Driven Traffic Flow Model and Its Application in Road Capacity Analysis

To estimate the accurate fundamental relationship in traffic flow, this paper proposes a novel framework that extends classical fundamental diagram (FD) models to incorporate more dimensions of traffic state variables and allow for the impact of the supply-side factors of roads. The proposed framework is suitable for real-time traffic management, especially in urban areas, due to its reliance on minimal assumptions, its flexibility in adapting to various data sources, and its scalability to higher-dimensional data. The Gaussian process (GP) model is adopted as the base model for learning the optimal mapping from these input features to traffic volume. To enhance the GP model, an in-depth analysis of the properties of its kernel and likelihood function is provided. To cope with the hyperparameter optimisation of the GP, a modified Newton method for GP-based traffic flow model is also designed, which can jump over regions with small gradients. Experiments based on simulation data demonstrate the ability of the proposed framework to capture complex relationships between traffic state variables and supply-side factors, and show its value for estimating dynamic road capacity.
A Deep Learning Technique for Biometric Authentication Using ECG Beat Template Matching

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a unique representation of a person’s identity, similar to fingerprints, and its rhythm and shape are completely different from person to person. Cloning and tampering with ECG-based biometric systems are very difficult. So, ECG signals have been used successfully in a number of biometric recognition applications where security is a top priority. The major challenges in the existing literature are (i) the noise components in the signals, (ii) the inability to automatically extract the feature set, and (iii) the performance of the system. This paper suggests a beat-based template matching deep learning (DL) technique to solve problems with traditional techniques. ECG beat denoising, R-peak detection, and segmentation are done in the pre-processing stage of this proposed methodology. These noise-free ECG beats are converted into gray-scale images and applied to the proposed deep-learning technique. A customized activation function is also developed in this work for faster convergence of the deep learning network. The proposed network can extract features automatically from the input data. The network performance is tested with a publicly available ECGID biometric database, and the proposed method is compared with the existing literature. The comparison shows that the proposed modified Siamese network authenticated biometrics have an accuracy of 99.85%, a sensitivity of 99.30%, a specificity of 99.85%, and a positive predictivity of 99.76%. The experimental results show that the proposed method works better than the state-of-the-art techniques.
Submillimeter Continuum Observations of NGC 7538

We present high-resolution millimeter and submillimeter maps (1.3 mm and 850, 800, 450, and 350 μm) of the molecular cloud southeast of NGC 7538, obtained on the IRAM 30 m telescope at Pico Veleta, Spain and the 15 m James Clerk Maxwell Telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. These maps show filamentary dust ridges extending from and connecting to the three major activity centers (IRS 1-3, NGC 7538 S, and IRS 9) in this high-mass star-forming cloud. In addition to the three already known star formation centers, we also find a fainter extended submillimeter source near the 20 μm source IRS 4, at the boundary of the optical H II region. Our high spatial resolution images resolve the young, hypercompact H II region IRS 1 and show that it coincides with a compact (<10'') elliptical dust source with a mass of ≥70 M☉. It is surrounded by a cluster of submillimeter sources, none of which have near- or mid-IR counterparts. Three of the submillimeter sources are associated with H2O masers, suggesting that protostars or young stars have formed in these cloud cores. We find IRS 9 to be an extended elliptical source with a size of 13′′ × 6′′ at a position angle of -80°, with a second, fainter but more extended source about 20'' south of it. The mass of the IRS 9 submillimeter source is ~150 M☉, while the southern source has a mass of ~90 M☉. The third activity center, NGC 7538 S, is ~80'' south of IRS 1. Here we find a strong, elliptical submillimeter source of 12′′ × 7′′, with a position angle of 58°. This source coincides with OH and H2O masers and a faint VLA 6 cm source, but it shows no near- or mid-infrared emission. We find NGC 7538 S to have all the characteristics of a Class 0 source; i.e., it is a high-mass protostar. It is cold, Td ~ 35 K, has a disklike geometry, drives a very young outflow, and is extremely massive, M ~ 400 M☉. Yet it has a luminosity of only 104 L☉.
Cylindrical electromagnetic concentrator with only axial constitutive parameter spatially variant

A type of electromagnetic concentrator with radial and tangential constitutive parameters as constants is proposed. Only the z component of the constitutive tensor is spatially variant, and all the constitutive parameters are nonsingular and positive, which makes it possible to construct it with two-dimensional (2D) metamaterials. The effects of loss and perturbations of parameters on the performance of the concentrator are also investigated. Finally, a simplified concentrator suitable for the case that is not sensitive to the omnidirectional scattering field is proposed. This study provides a feasible method for the fabrication of a 2D electromagnetic concentrator.
A spectroscopic study of the eclipsing cataclysmic binary star PG0818+513 : a puzzling novalike variable

Spectroscopic observations of a novalike variable are reported. The emission-line radial velocities yield an orbital period of 0.156 d (= 3.74 hr), in agreement with the eclipse timings of Andronov et al. (1989). The H-alpha emission shows abrupt increases in equivalent width around the eclipse phase; it is not eclipsed as strongly as the continuum. The radial velocities have a pronounced (about 57 deg) phase lag compared to the eclipse. This object may be a somewhat fainter example of a common, but very puzzling, class of luminous novalike variables, which includes SW Sex, DW UMa, V1315 Aql, and PG0027 + 260. 27 refs.
Investigating the Modulation of the VTA Neurons in Nicotine-Exposed Pups during Early Maturation Using Optogenetics

Advancing the understanding of the relationship between perinatal nicotine addiction and the reward mechanism of the brain is crucial for uncovering and implementing new treatments for addiction control and prevention. The mesolimbic pathway of the brain, also known as the reward pathway, consists of two main areas that regulate dopamine (DA) and addiction-related behaviors. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) releases DA when stimulated, causing the propagation of neuronal firing along the pathway. This ends in the release of DA into the extracellular space of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which is directly modulated by the uptake of DA. Much research has been conducted on the effects of nicotine addiction, but little research has been conducted concerning nicotine addiction and the mesolimbic pathway regarding maturation due to the small brain size. In this study, we apply our novel microstimulation experimental system to rat pups that have been perinatally exposed to nicotine. By using our self-fabricated photo-stimulation (PS) device, we can stimulate the VTA and collect dialysate, which is then used to estimate DA released into the NAc. The proposed platform has demonstrated the potential to monitor neural pathways as the pups mature.
Integrated grating-assisted coarse/dense WDM multiplexers

In wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems, coarse and dense WDM (CWDM/DWDM) are two key technologies. In general, it takes two steps to accomplish this mixing (coarse/dense) WDM function. In order to make the WDM device compact and low loss, it is necessary to integrate these two WDM functions into one step. In this paper, we propose two typical designs of the coarse/dense multiplexers, which multiplex the coarse/dense-WDM (C/D-WDM) signals simultaneously. We believe that, although their operation principle is simple, the proposed structures simplify the design of integrated photonic devices and will be the guideline in the development of future WDM devices.
Modeling of group-specific mortality in China using a modified Lee–Carter model

The paper assesses sex-age-specific mortality rates of the four groups of people in China, the country, cities, towns, and counties, based on the mortality data from the China Population Statistics Yearbooks (1988–2009) using a newly proposed modified Lee–Carter model. The results show that in general, the expected age-specific mortality rates decrease over the years, and the decreasing speed increased in the past decade. During 2000–2008, the expected mortality rates decreased over the years for females of all ages and groups and males in cities, remained with no changes for males ages 13–36 in the country and towns, but increased for males ages 13–43 in counties. Predictions for 2009 are made based on the 2000–2008 data, and comparisons to the observed rates from an annual survey show that they match each other well except for males ages 13–43 in counties, whose mortality rates reached record highs around 2005, and bounced back to the level of 2000 in 2008 and was reduced a little further in 2009, benefiting from the promulgations and enforcements of some safety regulations by the government on construction and mining sites where most labors are from counties. The predicted age-specific mortality rates from the model are compared to the assumed rates in the China Life Insurance Mortality Table (2000–2003) promulgated by the China Insurance Regulatory Commission, and they show a great deal of similarity in terms of changing trends over the ages.
Effect of Nickel on the Hydroxide Ion Adsorption of Copper Sulfide: A viewpoint from a first-principle calculation

Supercapacitor gains so much interest in recent years due to its capabilities to provide high power densities with high energy density possibilities. Several transition metal sulfides (TMS) give the best capacitance results nowadays, with Copper Sulfides (CuS) promising candidates on supercapacitor electrodes materials. Several approaches have been made to increase TMS-based supercapacitor performance, such as doping, surface functionalization, and nanostructuring. Even though several dopants already reported, other dopants have not yet explored. In this study, we study the nickel effect as dopant on the binding energy of electrolyte in the surface of CuS from first-principles viewpoints. In this study, we limit our investigation of surface interaction with electrolyte only for OH− ions. We prove that the binding energy of electrolyte is increased after introducing dopant in the surface of CuS, which could explain of dopant effect and background proof of future research in this field.
MPU-6050 Wheeled Robot Controlled Hand Gesture Using L298N Driver Based on Arduino

Robots are intelligent machines that are controlled by computer applications to perform various operations and services to complete high-risk jobs such as fire, poison, sharp objects, viruses, etc. MPU-6050 Serves as a movement medium in robot electronic systems where the robot moves. Arduino nano functions as a controller on a system robot that includes the MPU-6050, Motor Driver L298N, and NRF24L01. NRF24L01 Serves as a communication medium that is connected between the robot movement system and the hand gesture movement system. The L298N Motor Driver moves according to the signal sent by the MPU-6050 sensor. The L298N Motor Driver functions as an output medium that is made to the DC motor. The L298N Motor Driver will instruct the DC motor to move according to the signal sent by the MPU-6050 module. From the data obtained, the MPU-6050 works at a Y angle with an analog signal of 27.42 ° while driving. The MPU-6050 has X and Y axes with error values at X of 0.32% and Y of 0.48%. NRF24L01 functions as a command to send and receive data signals that work with a maximum range of 30 meters with a speed of 0.457 m/s.
DIndustry Electricity Data Analysis Method Considering Seasonal Factors

The electricity consumption of the industry is affected by economy, policy, holidays and temperature, showing obvious trend and seasonality. At the same time, accidental events also have an impact on electricity consumption, manifested as disturbances in the time series of electricity consumption. In studies such as the correlation between electricity consumption and other economic factors, the demand electricity consumption sequence must be a stationary time series. According to the problem of seasonal fluctuation of the electricity consumption time series, the electricity consumption curve is seasonally adjusted based on the high-order sliding average method. The Henderson weighted moving average algorithm is used to calculate the trend cycle component. After three iterations, the seasonal influence factors are removed from the electricity consumption time series to achieve seasonal adjustment. The results of the example show that the seasonally adjusted electricity consumption curve is smoother and the stability of the time series is improved, which is the basis of applied research such as subsequent power forecasting.
Deposition and imaging of localized charge on insulator surfaces using a force microscope

A force microscope has been used in a new application to deposit and image localized surface charge on insulators. The lateral resolution for imaging surpasses that of currently available techniques. By applying voltage pulses to an etched nickel microscope tip, micron‐sized regions of approximately 2×10−16 C were created on polymethylmethacrylate and single‐crystal sapphire surfaces. After depositing the charge, high‐contrast images of the charged region were obtained as contours of constant force gradient. The contrast was observed to decay over approximately 1 h, providing evidence for surface charge mobility. The minimum detectable surface charge was estimated to be on the order of 100 electrons.
X-ray phase-contrast imaging: the quantum perspective

Time-resolved phase-contrast imaging using ultrafast x-ray sources is an emerging method to investigate ultrafast dynamical processes in matter. Schemes to generate attosecond x-ray pulses have been proposed, bringing electronic timescales into reach and emphasizing the demand for a quantum description. In this paper, we present a method to describe propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging in nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics. We explain why the standard scattering treatment via Fermi’s golden rule cannot be applied. Instead, the quantum electrodynamical treatment of phase-contrast imaging must be based on a different approach. It turns out that it is essential to select a suitable observable. Here, we choose the quantum-mechanical Poynting operator. We determine the expectation value of our observable and demonstrate that the leading order term describes phase-contrast imaging. It recovers the classical expression of phase-contrast imaging. Thus, it makes the instantaneous electron density of non-stationary electronic states accessible to time-resolved imaging. Interestingly, inelastic (Compton) scattering does automatically not contribute in leading order, explaining the success of the semiclassical description.
High power cladding-pumped tunable Er, Yb-doped fibre laser

Efficient high-power operation of a tunable erbium-ytterbium codoped fibre laser end-pumped by two beam-shaped diode-stacks at 940 nm is reported. A maximum output power of 30 W at 1570 nm for 83 W of absorbed pump power with operating wavelength tunable from 1562 to 1627 nm was demonstrated.
Epidemiologic transition of lung cancer mortality in Italy by sex, province of residence and birth cohort (1920‐1929 to 1960‐1969)

Space‐time analysis of mortality risk is useful to evaluate the epidemiologic transitions at the subnational level. In our study, we analysed the death certificate records for lung cancer in Italy in 1995‐2016, obtained from the Italian National Institute of Statistics. Our objective was to investigate the spatial‐temporal evolution of lung cancer mortality by sex and province of residence (n = 107) using the birth cohort as relevant time axis. We built Bayesian space‐time models with space‐time interactions. Among males (n = 554 829), mortality peaked in the 1920‐1929 cohort, followed by a generalised decline. Among females (n = 158 619), we found novel original evidence for a peak in the 1955‐1964 cohort, equivalent to a 35‐year delay, with a downward trend being observed thereafter. Over time, the documented north‐south decreasing mortality gradient has been replaced by a west‐east decreasing gradient. Naples has become the province at highest risk in Italy, both among males and females. This pattern is consistent with an epidemiologic transition of risk factors for lung cancer to the south‐west of the country and raises concern, because 5‐year age‐standardised net survival from the disease in this geographic area is lower than in northern and central Italy. The variability of mortality rates among provinces has changed over time, with an increasing homogeneity for males and an opposite trend for females in the more recent birth cohorts. These unprecedented observations provide evidence for a profound spatio‐temporal transition of lung cancer mortality in Italy.
The Search for Extremely Low-Metallicity Stars in Dwarf Galaxies Using the NIR Ca II Triplet

The NIR Ca II triplet has proven to be an important tool for quantitative spectroscopy. Here we present results of synthetic spectral analysis for the Ca II triplet for low-metallicity red giant stars, combined with observational data. Our results start to deviate strongly from the widely-used and linear empirical calibrations below [Fe/H] = -2. We provide a new calibration for Ca II triplet studies which is valid down until [Fe/H] = -4 and apply this new calibration to current data sets. We suggest that the classical dwarf galaxies are not so devoid of extremely low-metallicity stars as was previously thought and discuss preliminary results and possibilities for follow-up observations of these extremely low-metallicity candidates.
Multi-step Method for Resolving Ill-conditioned Problem of Gauss-markov Model

Toward the ill-conditioned Problem of GaussMarkov model, analyze the causes and all kinds of methods, emphatically research the computational process of Two-Step method. Extending and simplifying Two-Step method, give a new method for solving ill-conditioned problem, multi-step method. Detailedly expound the computational process of it. Simulate an ill-conditioned model and compute its parameter estimations by some different methods. Finally through analog computation, verify the feasibility and quality of multi-step method. Keywords-multi-step method, ill-conditioned problem, GaussMarkov model, Two-Step method, regularization theory
REAL PROJECTIVE MANIFOLDS DEVELOPING INTO AN AFFINE SPACE

Suppose that an n-dimensional closed real projective manifold M, n ≥ 2, develops into an affine space RPn − RPn − 1 for an (n − 1)-dimensional subspace RPn − 1 of the projective space RPn. Then either M is convex or affine or M admits a flat foliation with a transverse invariant Hilbert metric. Further, if the codimension of is n − 1, then M is convex. We prove this statement by a use of a variation of Carriere's discompacte, a measure of non-compactedness of an affine group acting on an affine space.