Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EMUSTORE : LARGE SCALE DISK IMAGE STORAGE AND DEPLOYMENT IN THE EMULAB NETWORK TESTBED

The Emulab network testbed deploys and installs disk images on client nodes upon request. A disk image is a custom representation of filesystem which typically corresponds to an operating system configuration. Making a large variety of disk images available to Emulab users greatly encourages heterogeneous experimentation. This requires a significant amount of disk storage space. Data deduplication has the potential to dramatically reduce the amount of disk storage space required to store disk images. Since most disk images in Emulab are derived by customizing a few golden disk images, there is a substantial amount of data redundancy within and among these disk images. This work proposes a method of storing disk images in Emulab with maximizing storage utilization, minimal impact on performance, and nonintrusiveness as primary goals. We propose to design, implement, and evaluate EmuStore — a system built on top of a data deduplication infrastructure for efficiently storing disk images in the Emulab network testbed. The goal of this system is to take advantage of duplicate data in storing the disk images while remaining unobtrusive to other Emulab components.
Editing of GluR2 RNA in the Gerbil Hippocampus after Global Cerebral Ischemia

Postischemic delayed neuronal death (DND) in CA1 of the gerbil hippocampus is thought to be caused by an abnormal increase of Ca2+ influx into the cell, mediated by excessive activation of glutamate receptors. One subtype of glutamate receptors, the AMPA receptor, is not permeable to calcium ions as long as an edited form of its GluR2 subunit is present. It is possible that global ischemia interferes with the posttranscriptional editing of the GluR2 mRNA and thus leads to calcium influx via the AMPA receptor. In order to test this hypothesis, we examined the extent of GluR2 RNA editing in CA1 and CA3 microdissected from gerbil hippocampus after 5 min of global ischemia and various recirculation intervals. At each interval tested, quality and quantity of mRNA editing in the vulnerable CA1 region were the same as in CA3. Furthermore, postischemic mRNA editing in both hippocampal regions was indistinguishable from editing in untreated control animals. Our results clearly demonstrate that global ischemia does not cause impairment of GluR2 RNA editing, which is thus not responsible for the abnormal calcium permeability of the postischemic cell membrane.
Economic approach to climate policies and stakes of international negotiations

This article deals with the different modalities that exist to manage a problem of collective action facing the climate change problem, which could affect the living conditions and economic activities of all the regions of the world. Economists are doubly concerned by this danger, first, in terms of defining response policies, second by the way of producing a public good.In the first part are reviewed some of the principles and methods of the economic approach to these subjects: (i) the debate between Cost-Benefit Analysis and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, (ii) regulation by prices or quantities and the way models use ? environmental economics tools? that are taxes, tradable permits, norms and standards and hybrid instruments like ? standards and charges? or ? safety valve? , (iii) use and limit of economic models in international climate negotiation. The second part uses the concepts of the International Political Economy for studying the process of organising joint action at the global level that is finding a governance model for the global environment. It uses the concepts of international regime and of leadership and defines the principal rules and institutions of the existing international agreements, with their achievements and weaknesses. It finally identifies four scenarios for the future of collective action.
The Basolateral Amygdala Is Critical to the Expression of Pavlovian and Instrumental Outcome-Specific Reinforcer Devaluation Effects

Considerable evidence implicates the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in the formation of outcome representations that link cues to the incentive properties of reinforcers. Animals with BLA damage show impaired performance in reinforcer devaluation tasks, in which the value of the food reinforcer is reduced by satiation or food–toxin pairings after the completion of cue or response training. Although intact animals spontaneously reduce their conditioned responding after such reinforcer devaluation procedures, animals with BLA lesions made before training typically do not, as evidenced across a range of species, training contingencies, and devaluation procedures. In contrast, the role of the BLA in devaluation task performance once such outcome representations are established is unclear. Whereas Pickens et al. (2003) found normal devaluation performance in rats when BLA lesions were made after pavlovian light–food pairings but before devaluation by food–toxin pairings, Ostlund and Balleine (2008) found impaired devaluation performance when BLA lesions were made after instrumental training with multiple instrumental responses and food reinforcers but before devaluation of one reinforcer by selective satiation. Those studies differed in their use of pavlovian or operant training contingencies, single or multiple reinforcers, and associative or motivational devaluation procedures. Here we found that, when multiple reinforcers were used, posttraining BLA lesions disrupted the expression of devaluation performance in rats, using either pavlovian or instrumental training procedures and either conditioned taste aversion or satiation devaluation procedures. Thus, BLA apparently plays a critical role in maintaining or using sensory associations of reinforcer value when multiple outcomes must be coded but not under single-outcome conditions.
Teachers’ Perception and Attitude in Using Corrective Feedback Associated with Character Education

: Recent developments in the field of corrective feedback have managed to a renewed interest that corrective feedback might be interrelated with attitudinal development. Nonetheless, its appearance might be still vague in Indonesian educational setting which emphasizes character education as the foremost foundation of teaching and learning. This article seeks to capture Indonesian English teacher’ s perception and attitude on the use of corrective feedback and its association with character education. Employing a descriptive study, this paper elaborates nineteen English teachers’ responses using open -ended questionnaire and interview. The findings support the idea that implicit corrective feedback is preferable to the teachers rather than the explicit one in delivering characters to their students. In addition, the study also highlighted some positive characters taken from the teachers’ perspective. However, the result should be interpreted with caution since there are some limitations this study could not provide.
Unclogging the pipeline: advancement to full professor in academic STEM

Purpose Women remain underrepresented in academic STEM, especially at the highest ranks. While much attention has focused on early-career attrition, mid-career advancement is still largely understudied and undocumented. The purpose of this paper is to analyze gender differences in advancement to full professor within academic STEM at a mid-size public doctoral university in the western USA, before and after the National Science Foundation (NSF)-ADVANCE Program (2003–2008). Design/methodology/approach Using faculty demographics and promotion data between 2008 and 2014, combined with faculty responses to two waves of a climate survey, the magnitude and longevity of the impact of ADVANCE on mid-career faculty advancement across gender is evaluated. Findings This study documents increased representation of women in all ranks within the STEM colleges, including that of full professor due to ADVANCE efforts. It also demonstrates the role of greater gender awareness and formalization of procedures in reducing the variability in the time as associate professor until promotion to full professor for all faculty members, while also shrinking gender disparities in career attainment. As a result of the codification of the post-tenure review timeline toward promotion, more recently hired faculty are promoted more swiftly and consistently, irrespective of gender. Post-ADVANCE, both male and female faculty members express a greater understanding of and confidence in the promotion process and no longer see it as either a hurdle or source of gender inequality in upward career mobility. Research limitations/implications While data were collected at a single university, demographics and career experiences by women mirror those at other research universities. This study shows that within a given institution-specific governance structure, long-lasting effects on faculty career trajectories can be achieved, by focusing efforts on creating greater transparency in expectations and necessary steps toward promotion, by reducing barriers to information flown, by standardizing and codifying the promotion process, and by actively engaging administrators as collaborators and change agents in the transformation process. Originality/value This study addresses mid-career dynamics and potential mechanisms that explain gender gaps in the promotion to full professor, a largely understudied aspect of gender disparities in career attainment within STEM. It shows how institutional policy changes, intended to alleviate gender disparities, can benefit the career trajectories of all faculty members. Specifically, this study highlights the crucial role of codifying procedures and responsibilities in neutralizing subjectivity and inconsistencies in promotion outcomes due to varying departmental climates.
MOSAIC: Multimodal Stroke Assessment Using Computed Tomography: Novel Diagnostic Approach for the Prediction of Infarction Size and Clinical Outcome

Background and Purpose— With new CT technologies, including CT angiography (CTA), perfusion CT (PCT), and multidetector row technique, this method has regained interest for use in acute stroke assessment. We have developed a score system based on Multimodal Stroke Assessment Using CT (MOSAIC), which was evaluated in this prospective study. Methods— Forty-four acute stroke patients (mean age, 63.8 years) were enrolled within a mean of 3.0±1.9 hours after symptom onset. The MOSAIC score (0 to 8 points) was generated by results of the 3 sequential CT investigations: (1) presence and amount of early signs of infarction on noncontrast CT (NCCT; 0 to 2 points), (2) stenosis (>50%) or occlusion of the distal internal carotid or middle cerebral artery on CTA (0 to 2 points), and (3) presence and amount of reduced cerebral blood flow on 2 adjacent PCT slices (0 to 4 points). The predictive value of the MOSAIC score was compared with each single CT component with respect to the final size of infarction and the clinical outcome 3 months after stroke by use of the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and the Barthel Index (BI). Results— Among the CT components, PCT showed the best correlation to infarction size (r =0.75) and clinical outcome (r =0.60 to 0.62) compared with NCCT (r =0.43 to 0.58) and CTA (r =0.47 to 0.71). The MOSAIC score showed consistently higher correlation factors (r =0.67 to 0.78) and higher predictive values (0.73 to 1.0) than all single CT components with respect to outcome measures. A MOSAIC score <4 predicted independence with 89% to 96% likelihood (mRS ≤2, BI ≥90); a MOSAIC score <5 predicted fair outcome with 96% to 100% likelihood (mRS ≤3, BI ≥60). Conclusions— The MOSAIC score based on multidetector row CT technology is superior to NCCT, CTA, and PCT in predicting infarction size and clinical outcome in hyperacute stroke.
Couplings and spectra in modular inflation

We analyze how the spectrum of perturbations produced in a multicomponent modular inflation model proposed by Kadota and Stewart depends on couplings between the two moduli. Although some simple direct couplings give essentially the same results as the original model, dn/dlnk{proportional_to}n-1, simple indirect couplings produce a power law spectrum, n-1=constant, which can naturally be close to scale invariant.
The BeppoSAX view of the galactic high-mass X-ray binary 4U 0114+65

A pointed observation of the galactic high-mass X-ray binary 4U 0114+65 was carried out with BeppoSAX to compare the X-ray spectral and timing characteristics observed by this satellite over the broadest range of energies thus far (1.5-100 keV) with the information previously obtained with other spacecraft. The light curve of 4U 0114+65 shows a large flare at the beginning of the BeppoSAX pointing and no significant hardness evolution either during the flare or in the low state occurring after the flare itself. The modulation at �2.7 hours, attributed to the accreting neutron star (NS) spin periodicity, is not significantly detected in our data, although fluctuations with timescales of �3 hours can be seen in the 2-10 keV light curve. Shorter modulations down to timescales of minutes are also found and interpreted as due to accretion of matter onto the NS. The flaring and the low state spectra of 4U 0114+65 can be equally well fitted either with a power law modulated by a high-energy exponential cutoff or with a Comptonization model. During the low state the presence, although tentative, of a thermal component (with kT � 0.3 keV) at low energies, possibly produced by an ionized plasma cloud around the NS, cannot be excluded. Contrary to previous claims, a cyclotron resonant feature in absorption at �22 keV was not detected in the BeppoSAX spectroscopic data, whereas evidence for a Fe emission line around 6.4 keV is found only during the low state emission. Using all of the above information, a scenario for the system in which the NS is embedded in, and accreting from, a low angular momentum gas cloud is envisaged.
Is heart rate a convenient tool to monitor over-reaching? A systematic review of the literature

Objective: A meta-analysis was conducted on the effect of overload training on resting HR, submaximal and maximal exercise HR (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV), to determine whether these measures can be used as valid markers of over-reaching. Methods: Six databases were searched using relevant terms and strategies. Criteria for study inclusion were: participants had to be competitive athletes, an increased training load intervention had to be used, and all necessary data to calculate effect sizes had to be available. An arbitrary limit of 2 weeks was chosen to make the distinction between short-term and long-term interventions. Dependent variables were HR and HRV (during supine rest). Standardised mean differences (SMD) in HR or HRV before and after interventions were calculated, and weighted according to the within-group heterogeneity to develop an overall effect. Results: In these competitive athletes, short-term interventions resulted in a moderate increase in both resting HR (SMD = 0.55; p = 0.01) and low frequency/high frequency ratio (SMD = 0.52; p = 0.02), and a moderate decrease in maximal HR (SMD = −0.75; p = 0.01). Long-term interventions resulted in a small decrease in HR during submaximal (SMD = −0.38; p = 0.006) and maximal exercise (SMD = −0.33; p = 0.007), without alteration of resting values. Conclusion: The small to moderate amplitude of these alterations limits their clinical usefulness, as expected differences may fall within the day-to-day variability of these markers. Consequently, correct interpretation of HR or HRV fluctuations during the training process requires the comparison with other signs and symptoms of over-reaching to be meaningful.
ABC transporter functions as a pacemaker for sequestration of plant glucosides in leaf beetles

Plant-herbivore interactions dominate the planet’s terrestrial ecology. When it comes to host–plant specialization, insects are among the most versatile evolutionary innovators, able to disarm multiple chemical plant defenses. Sequestration is a widespread strategy to detoxify noxious metabolites, frequently for the insect’s own benefit against predation. In this study, we describe the broad-spectrum ATP-binding cassette transporter CpMRP of the poplar leaf beetle, Chrysomela populi as the first candidate involved in the sequestration of phytochemicals in insects. CpMRP acts in the defensive glands of the larvae as a pacemaker for the irreversible shuttling of pre-selected metabolites from the hemolymph into defensive secretions. Silencing CpMRP in vivo creates a defenseless phenotype, indicating its role in the secretion process is crucial. In the defensive glands of related leaf beetle species, we identified sequences similar to CpMRP and assume therefore that exocrine gland-based defensive strategies, evolved by these insects to repel their enemies, rely on ABC transporters as a key element. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.01096. 001
Cutting Edge: Thymic NK Cells Develop Independently from T Cell Precursors

Although NK cells in the mouse are thought to develop in the bone marrow, a small population of NK cells in the thymus has been shown to derive from a GATA3-dependent pathway. Characteristically, thymic NK cells express CD127 and few Ly49 molecules and lack CD11b. Because these NK cells develop in the thymus, the question of their relationship to the T cell lineage has been raised. Using several different mouse models, we find that unlike T cells, thymic NK cells are not the progeny of Rorc-expressing progenitors and do not express Rag2 or rearrange the TCRγ locus. We further demonstrate that thymic NK cells develop independently of the Notch signaling pathway, supporting the idea that thymic NK cells represent bona fide NK cells that can develop independently of all T cell precursors.
Genetic Analysis and Prevalence Studies of the brp Exopolysaccharide Locus of Vibrio vulnificus

Phase variation in the Gram-negative human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus involves three colonial morphotypes- smooth opaque colonies due to production of capsular polysaccharide (CPS), smooth translucent colonies as the result of little or no CPS expression, and rugose colonies due to production of a separate extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), which greatly enhances biofilm formation. Previously, it was shown that the brp locus, which consists of nine genes arranged as an operon, is up-regulated in rugose strains in a c-di-GMP-dependent manner, and that plasmid insertions into the locus resulted in loss of rugosity and efficient biofilm production. Here, we have used non-polar mutagenesis to assess the involvement of individual brp genes in production of EPS and related phenotypes. Inactivation of genes predicted to be involved in various stages of EPS biosynthesis eliminated both the rugose colonial appearance and production of EPS, while knockout of a predicted flippase function involved in EPS transport resulted in a dry, lightly striated phenotype, which was associated with a reduction of brp-encoded EPS on the cell surface. All brp mutants retained the reduced motility characteristic of rugose strains. Lastly, we provide evidence that the brp locus is highly prevalent among strains of V. vulnificus.
MPLW515L Is a Novel Somatic Activating Mutation in Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia

Background The JAK2V617F allele has recently been identified in patients with polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET), and myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MF). Subsequent analysis has shown that constitutive activation of the JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway is an important pathogenetic event in these patients, and that enzymatic inhibition of JAK2V617F may be of therapeutic benefit in this context. However, a significant proportion of patients with ET or MF are JAK2V617F-negative. We hypothesized that activation of the JAK-STAT pathway might also occur as a consequence of activating mutations in certain hematopoietic-specific cytokine receptors, including the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR), the thrombopoietin receptor (MPL), or the granulocyte-colony stimulating factor receptor (GCSFR). Methods and Findings DNA sequence analysis of the exons encoding the transmembrane and juxtamembrane domains of EPOR, MPL, and GCSFR, and comparison with germline DNA derived from buccal swabs, identified a somatic activating mutation in the transmembrane domain of MPL (W515L) in 9% (4/45) of JAKV617F-negative MF. Expression of MPLW515L in 32D, UT7, or Ba/F3 cells conferred cytokine-independent growth and thrombopoietin hypersensitivity, and resulted in constitutive phosphorylation of JAK2, STAT3, STAT5, AKT, and ERK. Furthermore, a small molecule JAK kinase inhibitor inhibited MPLW515L-mediated proliferation and JAK-STAT signaling in vitro. In a murine bone marrow transplant assay, expression of MPLW515L, but not wild-type MPL, resulted in a fully penetrant myeloproliferative disorder characterized by marked thrombocytosis (Plt count 1.9–4.0 × 10 12/L), marked splenomegaly due to extramedullary hematopoiesis, and increased reticulin fibrosis. Conclusions Activation of JAK-STAT signaling via MPLW515L is an important pathogenetic event in patients with JAK2V617F-negative MF. The bone marrow transplant model of MPLW515L-mediated myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) exhibits certain features of human MF, including extramedullary hematopoiesis, splenomegaly, and megakaryocytic proliferation. Further analysis of positive and negative regulators of the JAK-STAT pathway is warranted in JAK2V617F-negative MPD.
Integrating Microtissues in Nanofiber Scaffolds for Regenerative Nanomedicine

A new generation of biomaterials focus on smart materials incorporating cells. Here, we describe a novel generation of synthetic nanofibrous implant functionalized with living microtissues for regenerative nanomedicine. The strategy designed here enhances the effectiveness of therapeutic implants compared to current approaches used in the clinic today based on single cells added to the implant.
Voting Identification through Value Approach: A Case Study on Malay Young Voters

The voting identification among the young voters in Malaysia is a reflection of the value which is gained through a political stance. There is a series of political studies that shown the role of value towards democratic system, especially in influencing the voting involvement in elections. Therefore, this study is aimed to identify significant values among Malay young voters in selecting a political leadership. This study applied the quantitative research method and administered to a sample of 544 respondents. The study was developed based on the sample selection pattern using purposive sampling technique by Krejie & Morgan sample determinant table. The findings were analyzed descriptively using percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Findings disclosed that the element of value is very significant to the political system in Malaysia.
A New Uighur Automatic Summarization Method

Research on automatic summarization becomes a hot spot in natural language processing. With the rapid development of the Internet, a lot of Uighur website and communications platform has also been established and improved. Uighur network text increased sharply. How to effectively use the text is face to people. A method for Uighur automatic summarization is proposed in this paper which is based on sub-theme division and weight value is given in it. And by experiments, we find that it can get good precision and recall rates than traditional method on statistics.