Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inferring dynamic taxonomies for terms based on UGC

Users of the web are currently the main content authors. Social networks form a valuable source of large volumes of user-generated content that might be beneficial in different areas of research. In this paper, we exploit the data generated by users of micro-blogging services, in particular Twitter, for disambiguating terms and inferring possible taxonomies for terms. We conducted an exploratory study to test the possibility of inferring high-level categories and possible sub-categories for which terms might be included. This experiment exploits the collection of hashtags which are mentioned with a specific hashtag in Tweets text. , and the Open Directory Project (ODP), in order to discover dynamic taxonomies for a term (hashtag) with no knowledge needed about the semantic meaning of that term. We present several experiments which we have used to test this method, and promising results are reported.
BPR: A PACKET SCHEDULING ALGORITHM FOR PROPORTIONAL DELAY DIFFERENTIATION

Proportional service differentiation models are simple and effective approaches to service differentiation in Internet. Schedulers for delay differentiation are important elements of these models. We describe a new scheduler for proportional delay differentiation called BPR: Optimized BacklogProportional Rate scheduler. BPR considers waiting times of packets that are backlogged in queues in order to make precise scheduling decision. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of BPR, which is achieved by taking into account complete information regarding backlogged packets.
A Cluster-Based Localization Method Using RSSI for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we investigate the performance of cluster-based localization using received signal strength indicator (RSSI). The proposed solution is designed to meet the requirements of monitoring of firefighters or similar applications. The empirical relationship between signal strength and distance is determined using experiment data. One of the most popular localization algorithms found today, Min-Max, is used for our testbeds. Our solution is implemented in TinyOS and experimentally evaluated on a Mulle v5.2 IEEE 802.15. 4 platform. The aim of our research is to develop a heterogeneous wireless sensor network consisting of inter connected body area networks, or clusters. Using localization, the network's robustness and reliability, as well as the safety of its users, can be improved.
Development of Mathematical Model of Concept of Subjective Emotional Aspect of Valuation

Some time ago, one of authors was told by an experienced marketing practitioner the difference between a successful sales manager and one who is not successful. He assumed the successful sales manager is one who is the cleverest, works the hardest and knows the most. But, he was surprised by the answer: the practitioner told that the most successful sales managers are ones who can recognize “bad” clients and does not waste their time with them. A successful sales manager will instead pass these "bad" clients off to one of their colleagues. This approach allows more time and energy for the “good” clients! This bit of insight can be helpful to us when we deal with projects. In this paper we hope to show you how to find the good projects, among the bad ones. Because if we can to understand why people are happy with some projects and unhappy with others, then we can focus on the “good” ones, and either not to start the “bad” ones or pass them on to colleagues.
Diagnostic accuracy of anthropometric indices in predicting excess body fat among seven to ten-year-old children.

PURPOSE To evaluate the accuracy of the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in detecting excess body fat among schoolchildren in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 2,772 schoolchildren aged seven to ten years. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the BMI, the WC and the WHtR in identifying children with excess body fat (defined as values that were equal to or higher than the 90th percentile of the standardized residuals obtained from the sum of the four skinfolds thickness). Likelihood ratio estimates were used to select, for each anthropometric index, the cut-off points that presented the highest association with excess body fat. RESULTS The BMI, WC and WHtR performed well in detecting excess body fat, indicated by areas under the ROC curve (AUC) close to 1.0, with slightly higher AUC for the BMI in comparison to the WC and the WHtR concerning both sexes. Highly sensitive and specific cut-off points were derived for the three anthropometric indices. Sensitivity ranged from 85.7 to 92.9% for the BMI, from 78.6 to 89.7% for the WC, and from 78.6 to 89.2% for the WHtR. Specificity ranged from 83.2 to 91.4%, from 75.0 to 90.7%, and from 77.4 to 88.3% for the BMI, the WC and the WHtR, respectively. CONCLUSION BMI, WC and WHtR can be used as diagnostic tests to identify excess body fat in children from seven to ten years of age.
A note on monadic datalog on unranked trees

In the article Recursive queries on trees and data trees (ICDT’13), Abiteboul et al. asked whether the containment problem for monadic datalog over unordered unranked labeled trees using the child relation and the descendant relation is decidable. This note gives a positive answer to this question, as well as an overview of the relative expressive power of monadic datalog on various representations of unranked trees.
Algorithms for Random 3SAT

This classic problem in complexity theory is concerned with efficiently finding a satisfying assignment to a propositional formula. The input is a formula with n Boolean variables which is expressed as an AND of ORs with 3 variables in each OR clause (a 3-CNF formula). The goal is to (1) find an assignment of variables to TRUE and FALSE so that the formula has value TRUE, or (2) prove that no such assignment exists. Historically, recognizing satisfiable 3-CNF formulas was the first “natural” example of an NP-complete problem, and, because it is NP-complete, no polynomial-time algorithm can succeed on all 3-CNF formulas unless P = NP [14, 31]. Because of the numerous practical applications of 3-SAT, and also due to its position as the canonical NP-complete problem, many heuristic algorithms have been developed for solving 3-SAT, and some of these algorithms have been analyzed rigorously on random instances.
A refined lack-of-fit statistic to calibrate pesticide fate models for responsive systems.

BACKGROUND Calibration by inverse modelling was performed with the MACRO transport and fate model using long-term (>10 years) drainflow and isoproturon (IPU) data from western France. Two lack-of-fit (LOF) indices were used to control the inverse modelling: sum of squares (SS) and an alternative statistic called the vertical-horizontal distance integrator (VHDI), which is designed to account for offsets in observed and predicted arrival times of peak IPU concentration. With these data, SS was artificially inflated because it is limited to comparison of predicted and observed IPU concentrations that are concurrent in time. The LOFs were used along with the index of agreement (d) and the correlation coefficient (r) to ascertain the fit of the calibrated models. RESULTS Predicted arrival times of peak IPU concentration differed somewhat from observed times. All four indices indicated better model fit for the second of two validation periods when inverse modelling was controlled by VHDI rather than SS (SS = 26.4, d = 0.660, r = 0.606 and VHDI = 1.25). The VHDI statistic was markedly lower compared with the uncalibrated model (38.0) and SS calibration results (24.5). The final maximum predicted IPU concentration (44.5 microg L(-1)) for the calibration period was very similar to the observed value (44 microg L(-1)). CONCLUSION VHDI is seen as an effective alternative to SS for calibration and validation of pesticide fate models applied to responsive systems. VHDI provided a more realistic assessment of model performance for the transient flows and short-lived concentrations observed here, and also effectively substituted for the objective function in inverse modelling.
Efficient Top-k Skyline Computation in MapReduce

Skyline is widely used in multi-objective decisionmaking, data visualization and other fields. With the rapid increasing of data volume, skyline of big data has also attracted more and more attention. However, skyline of big data has its own shortcomings. When the dimension increases, skyline results will be numerous, and we would like to select k points from the result sets. In this paper, we propose the top-k skyline of big data. It is a Distributed Top-k Skyline Method in MapReduce, called MR-DTKS. Firstly, we convert the multidimensional data to a single value to determine the dominance relationship of two data points. Secondly, we calculate the score by using the converted values to filter out most of unwanted data objects. Finally, we choose k data objects having the strongest dominating capacity. A large number of experiments show that our method is effective, and has good flexibility and scalability on real data sets as well as synthetic data sets.
NEAREST NEIGHBOUR CLASSIFICATION ON LASER POINT CLOUDS TO GAIN OBJECT STRUCTURES FROM BUILDINGS

The application of three dimensional building model s has become more and more important for urban plan ning, enhanced navigation and visualization of touristy or historic objects. 3D models can be used to describe complex urban sce ne . The automatic generation of 3D models using elevation data is a challenge fo r actual research. Especially extracting planes edg es and corners of man made objects is of great interest. This paper deals with the automatic classification of points by utilizin g the eigenvalues of the covariance within the close neighbourhood. The method is based on the analysis of 3D point clouds derived from La ser scanner data. For each 3D point additional structural features by consider ing the neighbourhood are calculated. Invariance wi th respect to position, scale and rotation is achieved by normalization of the fe atures. For classification the derived features are compared with analytical calculated as well as trained feature values for ty pical object structures. For the generation of a tr aining data set several point sets with different density and varying noise are genera ted and exploited. The result of the investigations is that the quality of the classification using the analytical eigenvalues as reference is not harmful in comparison to the train ed data set for a small noise. Therefore for all structures presented here it is n ot necessary to use training data sets instead of a n unsupervised classification based on the analytical eigenvalues. Weighting the calcul ted distances in the eigenvalue space dependent on the structure type improves the classification result. Due to this classificati on all points which may belong to a building edge a r selected. Assembling these points to lines the 3D borders of the objects were achieved. The algorithm is tested for several urban scenes and the results are discussed.
A recommender system for educational resources in specific learning contexts

This paper presents the algorithms that drive the behaviour of a recommendation system for educational resources in specific learning contexts. The criteria taken into account to provide these recommendations is not based on the preferences or previous behaviour of an individual (personalization). Instead of that, we need to consider the particular characteristics of a learning context: subject, language, tools available, age range, etc. We present three different multi-criteria recommendation algorithms depending upon the type of resource to be recommended: tools, events and contributors (experts, parents and other external potential contributors to a learning activity). These algorithms have been designed as a joint effort between technical and pedagogical experts within a large European project: innovative Technologies for an Engaging Classroom (iTEC).
Generalized brain arousal mechanisms and other biological, environmental, and psychological mechanisms that contribute to libido

This theoretical essay proposes that underlying the concept of libido is a primitive set of brain mechanisms responsible for the generalized arousal of the central nervous system (CNS) and the activation of all behavioural responses. Having given the concept of ‘generalized CNS arousal’ an operational definition, we write an equation that describes how specific motivational needs are integrated with generalized arousal to produce an overall state of the CNS sufficient for potentiating behavioural responses. Factor analysis of behavioural data with mice suggest that among all CNS arousal-related influences, generalized arousal contributes about a third of the variance. Many neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, and genomic mechanisms for arousal are reviewed here. Highlighted are large reticular formation neurons in the medulla whose axons bifurcating rostrally and caudally equip them to contribute, respectively, both to cerebral cortical arousal and to autonomic arousal. Their rapid responses would cause sudden changes in CNS state associated with, for example, states of panic or rapid sexual attraction. Consequences of the actions of generalized arousal networks include increased alertness and attention that serve all cognitive functions and all emotional expression. Specifically with respect to psychoanalytic concepts these networks provide the psychic energy necessary for the expression of libido.
Thresholding for Edge Detection in SAR Images

Selecting a threshold from the gradient histogram, a histogram of gradient magnitudes, of an image plays a crucial role in a gradient based edge detection system. In this paper, we propose a methodology to determine this threshold value when the edge detection system is applied to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. We consider a SAR image as a random process, perform a transformation, model the gradient histogram of the transformed image using theories of random process and then determine a region of interest in the gradient histogram using certain properties of a probability density function. Standard histogram thresholding techniques are then used within the region of interest to get the threshold value. The proposed methodology provides a systematic solution to the thresholding problem in gradient based edge detection systems for SAR images and hence results in consistently appreciable performance. Extensive experimental results are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Multicast contention resolution with single-cycle windowing using content addressable FIFO's

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) has been designated as the switching environment for future broadband integrated services digital networks (BISDN) networks and services. Although input-buffered space switches are more economical and simpler to implement than output-buffered space switches, they suffer from external blocking because of destination port contention. We review contention resolution methods used to avoid external blocking, and choose a solution based on ring reservation, resulting in an elegant and efficient mechanism requiring only nearest-neighbor communications. In addition to external blocking, space switches suffer from head-of-line (HOL) blocking, and our technique alleviates HOL blocking without arbitration time overhead. This method makes use of a novel content addressable first in/first out (CAFIFO) to achieve single-cycle windowing, and the CAFIFO design and operation are described in detail. High multicast throughput is achieved by employing call-splitting. Multiple latency priorities can also be supported. Simulation results, for both unicast and multicast switching, and both random and bursty traffic, highlight the versatility and excellent performance of the CAFIFO-based switch.
Antigen- and receptor-driven regulatory mechanisms. I. Induction of suppressor T cells with anti-idiotypic antibodies

Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to the azobenzenearsonate (ABA) hapten can be readily induced in A/J mice injecting ABA-coupled syngeneic spleen cells subcutaneously. To further characterize this T- cell-dependent immunological phenomenon, the effect of passively administered anti-cross-reactive idiotype common to anti-ABA antibodies of A/J mice (CRI) antibodies on the development of ABA-specific DTH was investigated. Animals given daily injections (of minute amounts) of anti-CRI antibodies subsequent to immunization with ABA-coupled cells show significant reduction of ABA specific responses. This inhibition is antigen specific and requires the intact immunoglobulin molecule, as F(ab')2 treatments were ineffective in suppressing the reaction. Investigations of the mechanism of the anti-CRI-induced suppression of ABA DTH revealed that the observed suppression is a result of the activation of suppressor cells. Spleen cells taken from animals which received anti-CRI antibodies were able to adoptively transfer suppression to naive recipients. This suppression was shown to be mediated by T cells, as anti-Thy1.2 plus complement completely abrogated the transfer of suppression. In addition, animals pretreated with low doses of cyclophosphamide were not suppressed by the administration of anti-CRI antibodies. The genetic restriction of anti- CRI-induced suppression was demonstrated. Antibodies to the major cross- reactive idiotype, (CRI) associated with anti-ABA antibodies in A/J mice were unable to suppress the development of DTH to ABA in BALB/c mice (H-2d, Igh-1a). Such antibodies were, however, fully active in suppressing ABA DTH in the allotype-congenic C.AL-20 strain which has an allotype (Igh-1d) similar to that of A/J (Igh-1e) on a BALB/c background, and which produces humoral antibodies with the CRI.
A Sampling Method Focusing on Practicality

This sampling technique, which is hardware-independent and almost entirely transparent to the user, employs a budget-based approach that jointly considers warm-up and sampling costs, presents them as a single parameter to the user, and distributes simulated instructions between warm-up and sampling based on region partitioning and clustering information. Although it focuses on practicality, the technique delivers nearly state-of-the-art speed and accuracy. In this article, we explain how even the most successful of the existing sampling techniques fall short on practicality, especially when it comes to warm-up. We propose a more practical alternative: a sampling technique that focuses specifically on transparency, while also delivering nearly state-of-the-art speed and accuracy. The technique offers a hardware-independent, integrated approach to warm-up and sampling that requires no modification of the functional simulator and relies solely on the performance simulator for warm-up
Towards a probability logic based on statistical reasoning

Logical argument forms are investigated by second order probability density functions. When the premises are expressed by beta distributions, the conclusions usually are mixtures of beta distributions. If the shape parameters of the distributions are assumed to be additive (natural sampling), then the lower and upper bounds of the mixing distributions (P olya-Eggenberger distributions) are parallel to the corresponding lower and upper probabilities in conditional probability logic.
Acceleration the Web pages classifier using the HITS algorithm

— Nowadays, The increasing demand for information contained in web pages requires the use of automatic classifiers. These classifiers are facing the problem of large-scale size of the input data because they must handle millions of Web pages, tens of thousands of terms or features and hundreds of categories. These constraints have revealed an important challenge which is the reduction of the input data without influencing the classification results. In this paper, we present an approach for accelerating the learning and the classifications phases of web pages classifiers. The acceleration is achieved by reducing the size of the training set in both axes; web pages and features using the HITS (Hypertext induced Topic Search) algorithm. Originally, the algorithm was designed for ranking web pages according to the quality of the pages that are linked to them. A comparative study between the classical classifier and the accelerated one was conducted in order to test the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Optimal Use of Carbon Sequestration in a Global Climate Change Strategy: Is There a Wooden Bridge to a Clean Energy Future?

s. Whether it should be part of a global climate mitigation strategy, however, remains controversial. One of the key issues is that, contrary to emission abatement, carbon sequestration might not be permanent. But some argue that even temporary sequestration is beneficial as it delays climate change impacts and"buys"time for technical change in the energy sector. To rigorously assess these arguments, the authors build an international optimization model in which both sequestration and abatement can be used to mitigate climate change. They confirm that permanent sequestration, if feasible, can be overall part of a climate mitigation strategy. When permanence can be guaranteed, sequestration is equivalent to fossil-fuel emissions abatement. The optimal use of temporary sequestration, on the other hand, depends mostly on marginal damages of climate change. Temporary sequestration projects starting now, in particular, are not attractive if marginal damages of climate change at current concentration levels are assumed to be low.
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology Open Access Vasodilator Factors in the Systemic and Local Adaptations to Pregnancy Background

We postulate that an orchestrated network composed of various vasodilatory systems participates in the systemic and local hemodynamic adaptations in pregnancy. The temporal patterns of increase in the circulating and urinary levels of five vasodilator factors/systems, prostacyclin, nitric oxide, kallikrein, angiotensin-(1–7) and VEGF, in normal pregnant women and animals, as well as the changes observed in preeclamptic pregnancies support their functional role in maintaining normotension by opposing the vasoconstrictor systems. In addition, the expression of these vasodilators in the different trophoblastic subtypes in various species supports their role in the transformation of the uterine arteries. Moreover, their expression in the fetal endothelium and in the syncytiotrophoblast in humans, rats and guinea-pigs, favour their participation in maintaining the uteroplacental circulation. The findings that sustain the functional associations of the various vasodilators, and their participation by endocrine, paracrine and autocrine regulation of the systemic and local vasoactive changes of pregnancy are abundant and compelling. However, further elucidation of the role of the various players is hampered by methodological problems. Among these difficulties is the complexity of the interactions between the different factors, the likelihood that experimental alterations induced in one system may be compensated by the other players of the network, and the possibility that data obtained by manipulating single factors in vitro or in animal studies may be difficult to translate to the human. In addition, the impossibility of sampling the uteroplacental interface along normal pregnancy precludes obtaining longitudinal profiles of the various players. Nevertheless, the possibility of improving maternal blood pressure regulation, trophoblast invasion and uteroplacental flow by enhancing vasodilation (e.g. L-arginine, NO donors, VEGF transfection) deserves unravelling the intricate association of vasoactive factors and the systemic and local adaptations to pregnancy. which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.