Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Paradigm Shift: Detecting Human Rights Violations Through Web Images

The growing presence of devices carrying digital cameras, such as mobile phones and tablets, combined with ever improving internet networks have enabled ordinary citizens, victims of human rights abuse, and participants in armed conflicts, protests, and disaster situations to capture and share via social media networks images and videos of specific events. This paper discusses the potential of images in human rights context including the opportunities and challenges they present. This study demonstrates that real-world images have the capacity to contribute complementary data to operational human rights monitoring efforts when combined with novel computer vision approaches. The analysis is concluded by arguing that if images are to be used effectively to detect and identify human rights violations by rights advocates, greater attention to gathering task-specific visual concepts from large-scale web images is required.
Studies of the membrane fusion activities of fusion peptide mutants of influenza virus hemagglutinin

Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) fuses membranes at endosomal pH by a process which involves extrusion of the NH2-terminal region of HA2, the fusion peptide, from its buried location in the native trimer. We have examined the amino acid sequence requirements for a functional fusion peptide by determining the fusion capacities of site-specific mutant HAs expressed by using vaccinia virus recombinants and of synthetic peptide analogs of the mutant fusion peptides. The results indicate that for efficient fusion, alanine can to some extent substitute for the NH2-terminal glycine of the wild-type fusion peptide but that serine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, or phenylalanine cannot. In addition, mutants containing shorter fusion peptides as a result of single amino acid deletions are inactive, as is a mutant containing an alanine instead of a glycine at HA2 residue 8. Substitution of the glycine at HA2 residue 4 with an alanine increases the pH of fusion, and valine-for-glutamate substitutions at HA2 residues 11 and 15 are without effect. We confirm previous reports on the need for specific HAo cleavage to generate functional HAs, and we show that both inappropriately cleaved HA and mutant HAs, irrespective of their fusion capacities, upon incubation at low pH undergo the structural transition required for fusion.
Updates in vascular dementia

It has been more than a hundred years since Alzheimer and Binswanger's first description of vascular dementia (VaD). Ever since then, histopathology research and neuroimaging techniques have allowed the development of new pathogenic, etiologic, and treatment hypotheses. The “vascular cognitive impairment (VCI)” concept has also been developed, and it includes all grades of cognitive dysfunction of a vascular origin. Early detection of dementia as well as its primary prevention is the main goals for clinicians. For this reason, new scales, new diagnostic criteria, and preventive treatments have been proposed. The association between stroke and VaD is already known, but a comprehensive review of this relationship reveals a bidirectional causality. Depression has been hypothesized as a risk factor for later dementia development. Late-life depression is the most associated condition; however, studies have found it works as a prodromal state symptom. Deep knowledge in vascular risk factors that are involved in vascular origin cognitive decline is the most important prevention tool. Hypertension, Type II diabetes, cholesterol, and inflammation markers have demonstrated to increase the risk of VaD. Evidence supporting treatments for primary and secondary prevention of VaD and VCI are presented.
Health, Gender and Job Quality : an analysis on microeconomic data

This thesis studies the influence of work on job and life quality, the latter being considered through the perception that individuals have of their own health. The first chapter focuses on the long-term effects of job losses due to plant closure on job quality. We show that job loss negatively affects wages, perceived job insecurity, the quality of the working environment and job satisfaction, including in the long run. The two last chapters investigate gender differences in self-reported health. The second chapter provides descriptive evidence on the relationships between self-assessed health, gender and mental health problems, i.e. depression and/or affective pains. Finally, in the last chapter, we study the influence of social norms as proxied by the gender structure of the workplace environment, on gender differences in self-reported health. We show that both women and men working in female-dominated environments report more specific health problems than those who work in male-dominated environments. The overall findings of this thesis are twofold. First, losing a job has a negative impact on several dimensions of job quality and satisfaction in the long run. Secondly, mental diseases and social norms at work are important to understand gender-related differences in health perceptions.
50-something years of work on collocations: What is or should be next …

This paper explores ways in which research into collocation should be improved. After a discussion of the parameters underlying the notion of collocation, the paper has three main parts. First, I argue that corpus linguistics would benefit from taking more seriously the understudied fact that collocations are not necessarily symmetric, as most association measures imply. Also, I introduce an association measure from the associative learning literature that can identify asymmetric collocations and show that it can also distinguish collocations with high and low association strengths well. Second, I summarize some advantages of this measure and brainstorm about ways in which it can help re-examine previous studies as well as support further applications. Finally, I adopt a broader perspective and discuss a variety of ways in which all association measures – directional or not – in corpus linguistics should be improved in order for us to obtain better and more reliable results.
Robust whole-body motion control of legged robots

We introduce a robust control architecture for the whole-body motion control of torque controlled robots with arms and legs. The method is based on the robust control of contact forces in order to track a planned Center of Mass trajectory. Its appeal lies in the ability to guarantee robust stability and performance despite rigid body model mismatch, actuator dynamics, delays, contact surface stiffness, and unobserved ground profiles. Furthermore, we introduce a task space decomposition approach which removes the coupling effects between contact force controller and the other non-contact controllers. Finally, we verify our control performance on a quadruped robot and compare its performance to a standard inverse dynamics approach on hardware.
Influence of age on operative mortality and long-term survival after lung resection for bronchogenic carcinoma.

The proportion of elderly patients presenting with bronchogenic carcinoma is increasing. To study the impact of age on clinical presentation, management and outcome of patients, the authors have reviewed their clinical experience over the last 20 yrs. Between 1977 and 1996, 1,079 patients underwent thoracotomy for primary lung carcinoma in the authors' institution. Patients were grouped by age at the time of surgery as <60 yrs, 60-69 yrs and > or =70 yrs. Although the mode of clinical presentation was similar between all age groups, patients <60 yrs were more prone to have advanced stage carcinoma at the time of diagnosis. The rates of exploratory thoracotomy and pneumonectomy were higher in patients <70 yrs, whereas lobectomies and lesser resections largely predominated in patients > or =70 yrs. The mortality rate following lobectomy and lesser resection increased from 1.3% in patients <60 yrs to 5.5% in patients > or =60 yrs (p=0.04) and the mortality rate following pneumonectomy increased from 6.5% in patients <60 yrs to 13.7% in patients > or =70 yrs (p=0.24). The specific long-term survival, which included only the patients who died from primary lung carcinoma, was similar in all age groups. Operative mortality and survival rates are acceptable in patients > or =70 yrs. Therefore, age in itself should not constitute a contraindication to surgical lung resection for primary lung carcinoma as long as a careful preoperative assessment is performed to appropriately select surgical candidates.
International Conference on Algorithmic Learning Theory, pages 368--381. Tokyo.

Lazy explanation-based learning: A solution to the intractible theory problem. AxA-EBL by using a more-powerful inductive learning mechanism and considering the entire proof of a top-level goal as the explanation for the successful application of a clause to a particular subgoal. 5 FUTURE RESEARCH Experiments with Dolphin have raised a number of issues which require further investigation. One shortcoming of the current approach is it's critical dependence on the form of the program which is being optimized. Using the alternative denition of permutation/2 shown in Figure 8 would prevent Dolphin from being able to learn the insertion-sort heuristic. In order to achieve signicant performance enhancement on this program, the system would have to learn to choose the minimum element from a list when performing a permutation. In this particular case, we might be able to turn the naivesort into a selection sort if the system is allowed to learn a \re-cursive" control rule which uses the predicate for which control is being learned. A more general solution might be to use constructive induction to directly invent a suitable test (in this case \minimum of list"). Other changes to the inductive mechanism might also prove useful. While the simplicity of the control rules learned by the inductive component of Dolphin tends to increase their utility, there is no explicit use of match-cost or operationality. In fact, the Foil information metric actually tends to favor conditions having multiple proofs, which seems harmful to utility since many instantiations of a condition may have to be tried before it fails completely. One interesting avenue of investigation would be to incorporate notions of operationality into the hill-climbing mechanism to bias the search toward more ecient control heuristics. Another problem is the need to deal with an even more extended notion of proof context. Programs often use a single predicate in dierent ways. Suppose a program used permutation/2 to sort some lists into ascending order and others into descending order. The con BLOCKINicting uses of the permutation predicate will be re BLOCKINected as \noise" in the selection decision examples over which Dolphin is attempting to do the induction. Resolving this problem requires that the selection decisions themselves be treated as proof-context dependent. 6 CONCLUSIONS Dolphin is the rst system to combine recent developments in inductive logic programming with EBG in order to improve the eciency of logic programs. By using the Foil algorithm to select the …
Raum und Weite im Lernfeld Osteopathie

Als Osteopathen besitzen wir eine solide Basis in Anatomie, Physiologie sowie in den Prinzipien und Praktiken der Osteopathie. Jeder von uns entwickelt dabei sein eigenes Verständnis von Räumen und Schnittstellen, möglicherweise auch nur unbewusst oder unterschwellig. Wenn Sie die Beiträge in diesem Heft lesen, fühlen Sie sich vielleicht von verschiedenen Gedanken angesprochen, und Ihr Bewusstsein von Raum kann dadurch tiefer und weiter werden.
The Relationship between Rehabilitation and Changes in Depression in Stroke Patients

[Purpose] This study investigated the primary factors behind changes in depressive symptoms among stroke patients after 8 weeks of rehabilitation (physical, occupational, and cognitive therapy). [Methods] This study was conducted using a literature review, and electronic medical records from January, 2008 to December, 2009. Data were collected for 120 subjects with chronic stroke. [Results] Cardiac disorder, left-brain lesion, early-stage depression, activities of daily living, and cognitive function were significant predictors of the changes in depression in chronic stroke patients. [Conclusion] Post-stroke depression can be controlled by rehabilitation. Also, clinicians should comprehend and share the psychological and physical affliction, develop back-up programs, and make them comprehensively available to support the psychological and physical health of subjects with chronic stroke.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis of asialoglycoproteins by rat liver hepatocytes: biochemical characterization of the endosomal compartments

The endocytic compartments of the asialoglycoprotein (ASGP) pathway in rat hepatocytes were studied using a combined morphological and biochemical approach in the isolated perfused liver. Use of electron microscopic tracers and a temperature-shift protocol to synchronize ligand entry confirmed the route of ASGP internalization observed in our previous in vivo studies (1) and established conditions under which we could label the contents of successive compartments in the pathway for subcellular fractionation studies. Three endosomal compartments were demonstrated in which ASGPs appear after they enter the cell via coated pits and vesicles but before they reach their site of degradation in lysosomes. These three compartments could be distinguished by their location within the hepatocyte, by their morphological appearance in situ, and by their density in sucrose gradients. The distributions of ASGP receptors, both accessible and latent (revealed by detergent permeabilization), were also examined and compared with that of ligand during subcellular fractionation. Most accessible ASGP receptors co-distributed with conventional plasma membrane markers. However, hepatocytes contain a substantial intracellular pool of latent ASGP binding sites that exceeds the number of cell surface receptors and whose presence is not dependent on ASGP exposure. The distribution of these latent ASGP receptors on sucrose gradients (detected either immunologically or by binding assays) was coincident with that of ligand sequestered within the early endosome compartments. In addition, both early endosomes and the membrane vesicles containing latent ASGP receptors had high cholesterol content, because both shifted markedly in density upon exposure to digitonin.
Exploratory Clinical Trial of (4S)-4-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-l-glutamate for Imaging xC− Transporter Using Positron Emission Tomography in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung or Breast Cancer

Purpose: (4S)-4-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-l-glutamate (BAY 94-9392, alias [18F]FSPG) is a new tracer to image xC− transporter activity with positron emission tomography (PET). We aimed to explore the tumor detection rate of [18F]FSPG in patients relative to 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ([18F]FDG). The correlation of [18F]FSPG uptake with immunohistochemical expression of xC− transporter and CD44, which stabilizes the xCT subunit of system xC−, was also analyzed. Experimental Design: Patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, n = 10) or breast cancer (n = 5) who had a positive [18F]FDG uptake were included in this exploratory study. PET images were acquired following injection of approximately 300 MBq [18F]FSPG. Immunohistochemistry was done using xCT- and CD44-specific antibody. Results: [18F]FSPG PET showed high uptake in the kidney and pancreas with rapid blood clearance. [18F]FSPG identified all 10 NSCLC and three of the five breast cancer lesions that were confirmed by pathology. [18F]FSPG detected 59 of 67 (88%) [18F]FDG lesions in NSCLC, and 30 of 73 (41%) in breast cancer. Seven lesions were additionally detected only on [18F]FSPG in NSCLC. The tumor-to-blood pool standardized uptake value (SUV) ratio was not significantly different from that of [18F]FDG in NSCLC; however, in breast cancer, it was significantly lower (P < 0.05). The maximum SUV of [18F]FSPG correlated significantly with the intensity of immunohistochemical staining of xC− transporter and CD44 (P < 0.01). Conclusions: [18F]FSPG seems to be a promising tracer with a relatively high cancer detection rate in patients with NSCLC. [18F]FSPG PET may assess xC− transporter activity in patients with cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 18(19); 5427–37. ©2012 AACR.
Cognitive components of frontal lobe function in alcoholics classified according to Lesch's typology.

AIMS This study examined the frontal lobe cognitive function and the mental state among patients with different types of alcohol dependence according to Lesch's typology. METHODS The frontal assessment battery (FAB) and the mini-mental status examination (MMSE) were given to 170 patients with alcoholism from a Brazilian outpatient service classified by Lesch's typology and to 40 non-alcoholic controls matched for age, gender, socio-demographic characteristics and education. RESULTS Of the alcoholic sample, 21.2% were classified as Type I, 29.4% as Type II, 28.8% as Type III and 20.6% as Type IV. Alcoholics showed significantly lower overall scores on the MMSE and the FAB as compared to non-alcoholic subjects. Type IV alcoholics had lower MMSE and FAB overall scores as compared to non-alcoholic controls and also to all other types of alcoholic subjects. However, Type II and III subjects with alcoholism also had lower overall FAB scores, but not overall MMSE scores, as compared to non-alcoholic controls. The FAB subsets of motor programming, sensitivity to interference and inhibitory control were significantly reduced in Types II, III and IV alcoholics as compared to non-alcoholic subjects, but only motor programming remained impaired in Type IV alcoholics with preserved mental function. CONCLUSIONS Executive dysfunctions in alcohol dependence seem to vary depending upon the type of alcoholism. Therefore, the determination of clinical type of alcohol dependence by applying Lesch's typology, along with brief mental state and frontal function examinations, is of clinical relevance in the examination of alcoholics and provides significant clues for more directed forms of alcohol dependence treatment.
Spotlight on the States: South Carolina State Department: An Update

A year ago in this column, E. Wayne Lord wrote about changes in South Carolina gifted education policy over the past few years, the use of performance-based assessment in identification, and advances in teacher development. I take a different tack in this discussion, reporting on what has positively influenced recent policy efforts and some of the outcomes impacting gifted learners in South Carolina. General comments about gifted education in South Carolina (SC) follow to provide background for the reader. SC has a “state system,” with regulations (Regulation 43-220) that govern how we identify and place gifted youngsters, how we serve them, and requirements for teachers who work with them. The existence of a strong state affiliate group, the SC Consortium for Gifted Education (SCCGE), with an active board involved in collaborative leadership with the SC Department of Education, drives much of the continuous improvement efforts for gifted learners (Swanson, 2007). For additional information on SC policy, reference “Spotlight on the States” column in the Summer 2007 issue of Gifted Child Today and the NAGC publication, A Guide to State Policies in Gifted Education (Clinkenbeard, Kolloff, & Lord, 2007).
Effets de la stimulation magnétique transcrânienne sur le cerveau : études en imagerie fonctionnelle et spectroscopique chez des patients souffrant de schizophrénie

La comprehension des effets cerebraux sous-tendant l’impact de la stimulation magnetique transcrânienne repetee (rTMS) est un a priori necessaire a la connaissance de la prise en charge therapeutique des patients beneficiant de ces traitements. A posteriori, elle permet en plus de comprendre les processus physiopathologiques responsables des symptomes cliniques propres aux troubles mentaux. Nous nous sommes ici interesses aux effets de la rTMS sur le cerveau des patients souffrant de schizophrenie (SZ), au travers des deux principes fondamentaux du fonctionnement cerebral que sont la segregation et l’integration fonctionnelle. En premier lieu, nous avons analyse l’effet de la rTMS visant le cortex prefrontal median (CPM) sur le principe de segregation fonctionnelle chez des SZ avec trouble de la cognition sociale. Pour ce faire nous avons developpe un paradigme d’imagerie par resonance magnetique fonctionnelle (IRMf) ecologique et novateur de cognition sociale. Un prerequis aux etudes longitudinales en IRMf est la reproductibilite du signal d’activation. Nous avons alors demontre la fiabilite de notre paradigme entre deux sessions, puis a l’aide de ce paradigme, nous avons etudie l’effet de la rTMS sur la segregation a partir de la variation du signal BOLD et des taux de N-AcetylAspartate et de glutamate. Puis nous avons etudie l’impact de la rTMS ciblant le sillon temporal superieur gauche (STSg) sur les hallucinations auditivo-verbales (AVH) en termes de connectivite fonctionnelle statique (integration fonctionnelle). Nous avons ainsi mis en evidence l’effet benefique de la rTMS sur le trouble de cognition sociale et sur les AVH. En outre, quand la rTMS cible le STSg, il ne semble pas avoir d’effet sur la connectivite fonctionnelle statique du reseau cerebral du langage observe. Cependant, focalise au niveau du CPM, elle permettrait d’augmenter la concentration de N-acetylaspartate des SZ. L’absence d’effet de la rTMS illustrerait plutot des profils d’organisation cerebrale differents des SZ, et ce par des variabilites interindividuelles, suggerant qu’il serait a l’avenir benefique de determiner les caracteristiques optimales de la stimulation sur une base individuelle afin de mieux moduler les processus anormaux du cerveau dans les schizophrenies.
Accurate Calculation of LDO IR-Drop for SRAMs Using Redhawk EDA Tool

The purpose of an on-chip low drop-out (LDO) voltage regulator is to supply steady voltage to static random access memory (SRAM). With the explosive growth of mobile technologies, the LDOs are becoming more prevalent in the semiconductor industry. However, due to its sensitivity, there is a strict voltage (IR) drop requirement over the power grid network from the regulator to the SRAM. The Redhawk EDA tool allows the designers to model the analog behavior of the LDO – a capability that is not available with other traditional tools. Still Redhawk does not consider the LDOs as voltage sources and can miss the IR drops during analysis. In this paper, we discuss a method that enables Redhawk to view and treat the LDOs as voltage sources to ensure robust power-grid connectivity and to meet the specifications of IR-drop between the LDO and the SRAM. Keywords—low drop-out voltage regulator, SRAM, IR drop, Redhawk, ploc
Cognitive performance and emotion are indifferent to ambient color

Folklore has it that ambient color has the power to relax or arouse the observer and enhance performance when executing cognitive tasks. We picked a number of commercially available colors that allegedly have the power to alter cognitive performance and the emotional state, and exposed subjects to them while solving a battery of cognitive tasks. The colors were “Cool Down Pink”, which is said to produce relaxing effects and reduce effort, “Energy Red”, allegedly enhancing performance via increased arousal, “Relaxing Blue”, which is said to enhance attention and concentration, as well as white as a control. In a between-subjects design, a total of 170 high school students carried out five tasks (number series completion, mental rotation, and memory for word categories, word pairs, and geometrical figures) while exposed to one of the four colors. The emotional state of the subjects was measured before the beginning and at the end of the experiment. The ambient colors did not have the predicted effects, neither on cognitive performance nor on the emotional state of the participants.