Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Matched source-channel communication for field estimation in wireless sensor network

Sensing, processing and communication must be jointly optimized for efficient operation of resource-limited wireless sensor networks. We propose a novel source-channel matching approach for distributed field estimation that naturally integrates these basic operations and facilitates a unified analysis of the impact of key parameters (number of nodes, power, field complexity) on estimation accuracy. At the heart of our approach is a distributed source-channel communication architecture that matches the spatial scale of field coherence with the spatial scale of node synchronization for phase-coherent communication: the sensor field is uniformly partitioned into multiple cells and the nodes in each cell coherently communicate simple statistics of their measurements to the destination via a dedicated noisy multiple access channel (MAC). Essentially, the optimal field estimate in each cell is implicitly computed at the destination via the coherent spatial averaging inherent in the MAC, resulting in optimal power-distortion scaling with the number of nodes. In general, smoother fields demand lower per-node power but require node synchronization over larger scales for optimal estimation. In particular, optimal mean-square distortion scaling can be achieved with sub-linear power scaling. Our results also reveal a remarkable power-density tradeoff inherent in our approach: increasing the sensor density reduces the total power required to achieve a desired distortion. A direct consequence is that consistent field estimation is possible, in principle, even with vanishing total power in the limit of high sensor density.
Activation of cyclic electron flow by hydrogen peroxide in vivo

Significance Cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF) is critical for balancing the energy budget of photosynthesis, but its regulation is not well understood. Our results provide evidence that hydrogen peroxide, which is produced as a result of imbalances in chloroplast redox state, acts as a signaling agent to activate CEF in higher plants in vivo. Cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I is thought to balance the ATP/NADPH energy budget of photosynthesis, requiring that its rate be finely regulated. The mechanisms of this regulation are not well understood. We observed that mutants that exhibited constitutively high rates of CEF also showed elevated production of H2O2. We thus tested the hypothesis that CEF can be activated by H2O2 in vivo. CEF was strongly increased by H2O2 both by infiltration or in situ production by chloroplast-localized glycolate oxidase, implying that H2O2 can activate CEF either directly by redox modulation of key enzymes, or indirectly by affecting other photosynthetic processes. CEF appeared with a half time of about 20 min after exposure to H2O2, suggesting activation of previously expressed CEF-related machinery. H2O2-dependent CEF was not sensitive to antimycin A or loss of PGR5, indicating that increased CEF probably does not involve the PGR5-PGRL1 associated pathway. In contrast, the rise in CEF was not observed in a mutant deficient in the chloroplast NADPH:PQ reductase (NDH), supporting the involvement of this complex in CEF activated by H2O2. We propose that H2O2 is a missing link between environmental stress, metabolism, and redox regulation of CEF in higher plants.
Potencial expressivo nos jogos indie e gamearte : Breve análise dos jogos Flower e Journey

Digital games have been shown to be a powerful expressive and communicative medium, struggling against the traditional view of games as shallow media. It’s especially at indie games space that there has been a greater experimentation, shifting this paradigm. Flower and Journey are in this indie universe, and these games have reached a great success in many spheres, helping this paradigm shift and favoring a new way to face digital games. The objective of this work is to reflect about the gameplay experience of both games, showing how these games innovated and helping to understand why these games have reached an important position on last years.
Training Machine Translation with a Second-Order Taylor Approximation of Weighted Translation Instances

The Cunei Machine Translation Platform is an open-source MT system designed to model instances of translation. One of the challenges to this approach is effective training. We describe two techniques that improve the training procedure and allow us to leverage the strengths of instance-based modeling. First, during training we approximate our model with a second-order Taylor series. Second, we discount models based on the magnitude of their approximation. By reducing error in training, our model now consistently outperforms the standard SMT model with gains ranging from 0.51 to 3.77 BLEU on GermanEnglish and Czech-English test sets.
The nature and dynamics of change: a systems approach to exploring organisational change

There has been a significant increase in interest in the area of organisational change over the past thirty years. A multitude of approaches and methodologies have been proposed, developed and applied by organisational and management theorists, as well as systems and social scientists. Business practitioners and consultants have also not been hesitant in devising their own approaches to organisational change - undoubtedly attracted by the lucrative commercial gains they are capable of generating. It is the author's belief that much of this work focuses upon issues of change management: how to initiate, control and implement effective change within organisations. Yet the proliferation of such approaches in recent years belies an acute lack of any clear understanding of the very nature and essence of change itself. This thesis seeks to explore the concept of change, as it is manifested and described across the sciences. Firstly, it surveys the organisational change literature, highlighting the dearth of research devoted to analysing change from a conceptual and theoretical perspective. A cross discipline approach based upon General Systems Theory is proposed, as a means of further investigating the phenomenon and concept of change. The basic premise being that a deeper understanding of what change is, will better inform and guide our attempts to manage it. In applying the approach, a number of views, definitions, paradigms and phenomena of change are examined from across the natural, physical and social sciences. The recurring themes, principles and unifying ideas from this review are used to construct an initial change framework. This framework is not meant to be prescriptive, but rather is proposed as a qualitative analytical and descriptive tool with which to study change within organisations. To this end, two organisational case studies are documented, during which the framework is applied in an attempt to assess its analytical utility. The thesis concludes with some suggestions for further research, including ways in which the framework can be developed conceptually, and further applied practically within an organisational context.
Purinergic signaling: a common pathway for neural and mesenchymal stem cell maintenance and differentiation

Extracellular ATP, related nucleotides and adenosine are among the earliest signaling molecules, operating in virtually all tissues and cells. Through their specific receptors, namely purinergic P1 for nucleosides and P2 for nucleotides, they are involved in a wide array of physiological effects ranging from neurotransmission and muscle contraction to endocrine secretion, vasodilation, immune response, and fertility. The purinergic system also participates in the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells from different niches. In particular, both mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells are endowed with several purinergic receptors and ecto-nucleotide metabolizing enzymes, and release extracellular purines that mediate autocrine and paracrine growth/proliferation, pro- or anti-apoptotic processes, differentiation-promoting effects and immunomodulatory actions. Here, we discuss the often opposing roles played by ATP and adenosine in adult neurogenesis in both physiological and pathological conditions, as well as in adipogenic and osteogenic MSC differentiation. We also focus on how purinergic ligands produced and released by transplanted stem cells can be regarded as ideal candidates to mediate the crosstalk with resident stem cell niches, promoting cell growth and survival, regulating inflammation and, therefore, contributing to local tissue homeostasis and repair.
Hypothesis: Induction of biomarkers for detection of colonic neoplasms

The signing of the National Cancer Act of 1971 by President Nixon marked the beginning of our war on cancer. More than 45 years later, the war is still going steady, with the enemy being almost as strong as in 1971. Furthermore, the increasing rates of obesity not only among adults, but among children and adolescents, are the likely cause for the 30-year trend of colon cancer (CC) becoming a disease of the younger population in the U.S. These trends, however, have not spurred the development of novel screening approaches for CC. Considering the need for a sensitive and non-invasive detection of early stage neoplastic lesions in the colon, we propose the development of a test based on a novel concept - the concept of induced biomarkers. The proposal is based upon our findings that the food additives propolis and gamma-cyclodextrin (gCD) (a) decrease the neoplastic burden in normal weight and obese ApcMin mice, a model of early stage intestinal neoplasia, and (b) elicit significant changes in the serum proteome in ApcMin mice. We posit that gCD and propolis induce the release of neoplasm-associated biomarkers in systemic circulation (e.g., metabolites, neoplastic, apoptotic, and immune response proteins), and these markers could be used to detect early stage intestinal neoplasms. Additional dietary bioactives may also elicit a complement of induced markers. The hypothesis could be ascertained by utilizing a mouse model, the Apc+/1638Nmice, as well as through human subject studies that integrate proteomics and metabolomics analyses. The concept of detecting inducible markers of colonic neoplasms is novel, and is substantiated by the significant physiological effects of gCD and propolis on neoplastic colonic cells in culture and on early neoplastic development in ApcMinmice. The long-term objective is to develop a minimally invasive method that detects early stage neoplastic development in the human colon.
Zebrafish Tmem230a cooperates with the Delta/Notch signaling pathway to modulate endothelial cell number in angiogenic vessels

During embryonic development, new arteries, and veins form from preexisting vessels in response to specific angiogenic signals. Angiogenic signaling is complex since not all endothelial cells exposed to angiogenic signals respond equally. Some cells will be selected to become tip cells and acquire migration and proliferation capacity necessary for vessel growth while others, the stalk cells become trailer cells that stay connected with pre‐existing vessels and act as a linkage to new forming vessels. Additionally, stalk and tip cells have the capacity to interchange their roles. Stalk and tip cellular responses are mediated in part by the interactions of components of the Delta/Notch and Vegf signaling pathways. We have identified in zebrafish, that the transmembrane protein Tmem230a is a novel regulator of angiogenesis by its capacity to regulate the number of the endothelial cells in intersegmental vessels by co‐operating with the Delta/Notch signaling pathway. Modulation of Tmem230a expression by itself is sufficient to rescue improper number of endothelial cells induced by aberrant expression or inhibition of the activity of genes associated with the Dll4/Notch pathway in zebrafish. Therefore, Tmem230a may have a modulatory role in vessel‐network formation and growth. As the Tmem230 sequence is conserved in human, Tmem230 may represent a promising novel target for drug discovery and for disease therapy and regenerative medicine in promoting or restricting angiogenesis.
Paradoxical DNA Repair and Peroxide Resistance Gene Conservation in Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032

Background Bacillus spores are notoriously resistant to unfavorable conditions such as UV radiation, γ-radiation, H2O2, desiccation, chemical disinfection, or starvation. Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 survives standard decontamination procedures of the Jet Propulsion Lab spacecraft assembly facility, and both spores and vegetative cells of this strain exhibit elevated resistance to UV radiation and H2O2 compared to other Bacillus species. Principal Findings The genome of B. pumilus SAFR-032 was sequenced and annotated. Lists of genes relevant to DNA repair and the oxidative stress response were generated and compared to B. subtilis and B. licheniformis. Differences in conservation of genes, gene order, and protein sequences are highlighted because they potentially explain the extreme resistance phenotype of B. pumilus. The B. pumilus genome includes genes not found in B. subtilis or B. licheniformis and conserved genes with sequence divergence, but paradoxically lacks several genes that function in UV or H2O2 resistance in other Bacillus species. Significance This study identifies several candidate genes for further research into UV and H2O2 resistance. These findings will help explain the resistance of B. pumilus and are applicable to understanding sterilization survival strategies of microbes.
Reduced numbers of Langerhans cells and increased HLA-DR expression in keratinocytes in the oral gingival epithelium of HIV-infected patients with periodontitis.

BACKGROUND HIV-seropositive (HIV+) patients become increasingly susceptible to periodontal diseases as HIV infection proceeds. We have previously shown that HIV+ patients with chronic marginal periodontitis (CMP) have remarkably increased numbers of gingival plasma cells in the connective tissue underlying the oral gingival epithelium, but depressed specific serum IgG levels towards periodontopathogenic bacteria. Langerhans cells (LC) and keratinocytes (KC) are antigen-presenting cells that are important in promoting immune responses. METHOD In this study we examined, by means of immunofluorescence, the distribution and numbers of LC and activated KC in biopsies taken from inflamed periodontal sites in HIV+ and HIV patients with CMP. RESULTS In the pocket epithelium in both patient groups, basal layer KC expressed HLA-DR molecules. In the oral gingival epithelium of HIV+ patients, basal layer KC also expressed HLA-DR molecules and numbers of LC were decreased as compared with HIV persons. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the oral gingiva in HIV+ patients may be affected by inflammation.
Teacher Identity Discourses: Negotiating Personal and Professional Spaces

Contents: D.P. Britzman, Foreword. Preface. A Teaching Life: How and Why This Project Came to Be. What Does It Mean to Be a Secondary School Teacher? The Struggle of Subjectivities: Narratives of Tension. Memories and Enactments: Experiential Narratives of Teaching and Learning. Denying the Mind/Body Split: Narratives About the Embodiment of Teacher Indentity. The Influence of Others: Narratives About Family and Friends. Using Discourse to Create a Teacher Identity: Borderland Narratives. Teaching Is.An Analysis of the Metaphor. What Do I Believe? Statements of Philosophy. To Know Thyself: Final Thoughts About Teacher Identity. Appendices.
Comparative Analysis on the Conservation of Two Orthologous Genome Regions

Recently, draft sequences of human and mouse genome have been released. Such genomic sequence data are increasing very rapidly and effective annotation methods are required. Investigating orthologous contigs of two genomes can be very useful to understand their functional similarities and differences. Especially, as the mouse becomes a leading model for studying disease processes in humans, the emerging mouse genome data have become valuable resources for functional studies [1]. So far there have been several approaches to analyze important CDS (coding sequence) regions and non-CDS (e.g. promoter, polyA, etc.) regions individually. Here, we tried to systemically analyze coding and non-coding human and mouse orthologous regions with putative annotations by several prediction tools (e.g. Genscan, RepeatMasker, Sim4, etc.) accompanying database search (TIGR Gene Indices [7]) as well as with known annotations extracted from Genbank flat data files. Finally web-based visualization tools were applied to display comparative genomic information effectively.
A REVIEW ON AGILE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM

During the recent years, competition is intensified due to the globalisation and entry of several players in markets. This situation has facilitated the modern customers to demand innovative products and models in varied volumes. In order to fulfil this customer demand, it is necessary for the traditional manufacturing companies to practice agile manufacturing (AM) principles. On adoption of AM, a traditional company can exhibit agility by which it reacts quickly to meet the customers' dynamic demands. In this paper, we review a wide range of recent literature on agile manufacturing. About 42 papers from premier scientific journals and conferences have been reviewed. We critique these bodies of work and suggest directions for additional research and identify topics where fruitful opportunities exist.
Determinants of maximal inspiratory pressure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Inspiratory muscle strength in COPD could be reduced either because of mechanical disadvantage consequent to increased lung volume or because respiratory muscles share in generalized muscle weakness. To assess the relative contributions of these factors, we measured maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (Pimax, Pemax, cmH2O) at RV and TLC, respectively, in 32 patients with COPD. The TLC, RV, and diaphragm length index at RV (DLI, cm/cm height) were determined roentgenographically and compared with values from 22 normal subjects studied at comparable lung volume. Half the patients with COPD had normal and half had low values of Pemax, but both groups had similar values of TLC, RV, and DLI. In patients with COPD, Pimax correlated (p less than 0.001) with Pemax (r = 0.73) and DLI (r = 0.64). The slope of the Pimax-DLI relationship was essentially the same in both groups of patients with COPD as it was in the normal subjects. However, at any value of DLI, Pimax was in the normal range in patients with normal Pemax, but significantly lower in patients with low Pemax (p less than 0.001). Expressing Pimax as a combined function of Pemax and DLI yielded the highest correlation (r = 0.84, p less than 0.001), with Pemax explaining 46% and DLI explaining 35% of the variance in Plmax not explained by the other variable alone (p less than 0.001). The PaCO2 was elevated in 13 of 18 patients whose Pimax was less than 55 cm H2O, and inversely correlated with Pimax (r = -0.66, p less than 0.005). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Auctions with Options to Re-auction Auctions with Options to Re-auction *

We examine the role of seller bidding and reserve prices in an infinitely repeated independent-private-value (IPV) ascending-price auction. The seller has a single object that she values at zero. At the end of any auction round, she may either sell to the highest bidder or pass-in the object and hold a new auction next period. New bidders are drawn randomly in each round. The ability to re-auction motivates a notion of reserve price as the option value of retaining the object for re-auctioning. Even in the absence of a mechanism with which to commit to a reserve price, the optimal “secret” reserve is shown to exceed zero. However, despite the infinite repetition, there may be significant value to the seller from a binding reserve price commitment: the optimal binding reserve is higher than the optimal “secret” reserve, and may be substantially so, even with very patient players. Furthermore, reserve price commitments may even be socially preferable at high discount factors. We also show that the optimal “phantom” bidding strategy for the seller is revenue-equivalent to a commitment to an optimal public reserve price. JEL: D44, D82.
EXPRESSION OF HUMAN CYTOCHROMES P450 IN CHIMERIC MICE WITH HUMANIZED LIVER

Recently, a chimeric mouse line in which the liver could be replaced by more than 80% with human hepatocytes was established in Japan. Because the chimeric mouse produces human albumin (hAlb), replacement by human hepatocytes could be estimated by the hAlb concentration in the blood of chimeric mice. In this study, we investigated human major cytochrome P450 (P450) in the livers of chimeric mice by mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Chimeric mice with humanized liver generated using hepatocytes from a Japanese and white donor were used. Human P450 mRNAs were expressed in the liver of chimeric mice, and major human P450 proteins such as CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 were detected. The expression of P450 mRNA and protein was correlated with the hAlb concentration in the blood. The enzyme activities such as diclofenac 4′-hydroxylase activity, dexamethasone 6-hydroxylase activity, and coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity, activities that are specific to human P450 but not to murine P450, were increased in a hAlb concentration-dependent manner. The chimeric mice with nearly 90% replacement by human hepatocytes demonstrated almost the same protein contents of human P450s and drug-metabolizing enzyme activity as those of the donor. It was confirmed that genomic DNA from the livers of the chimeric mice and that from the liver of the donor exhibited the same genotype. In conclusion, the chimeric mice exhibited a similarly efficient capacity of drug metabolism as humans, suggesting that they could be a useful animal model for drug development.
Dry Powder Inhalers: A Focus on Advancements in Novel Drug Delivery Systems

Administration of drug molecules by inhalation route for treatment of respiratory diseases has the ability to deliver drugs, hormones, nucleic acids, steroids, proteins, and peptides, particularly to the site of action, improving the efficacy of the treatment and consequently lessening adverse effects of the treatment. Numerous inhalation delivery systems have been developed and studied to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma, COPD, and other pulmonary infections. The progress of disciplines such as biomaterials science, nanotechnology, particle engineering, molecular biology, and cell biology permits further improvement of the treatment capability. The present review analyzes modern therapeutic approaches of inhaled drugs with special emphasis on novel drug delivery system for treatment of various respiratory diseases.
PiGraphs

We learn a probabilistic model connecting human poses and arrangements of object geometry from real-world observations of interactions collected with commodity RGB-D sensors. This model is encoded as a set of prototypical interaction graphs (PiGraphs), a human-centric representation capturing physical contact and visual attention linkages between 3D geometry and human body parts. We use this encoding of the joint probability distribution over pose and geometry during everyday interactions to generate interaction snapshots, which are static depictions of human poses and relevant objects during human-object interactions. We demonstrate that our model enables a novel human-centric understanding of 3D content and allows for jointly generating 3D scenes and interaction poses given terse high-level specifications, natural language, or reconstructed real-world scene constraints.