Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient Recovery of HLA Class I Expression in Human Tumor Cells After Beta2‐Microglobulin Gene Transfer Using Adenoviral Vector: Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy

Here we report a successful use of a non‐replicating adenovirus expressing the wild‐type human β2m gene in recovery of normal human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression in β2m‐null cancer cells. Total loss of HLA class I expression in these cell lines is caused by a mutation in β2m gene and a loss of heterozygosity in chromosome 15 carrying another copy of that gene. Normal HLA class I expression on the tumour cell surface is critical for the successful outcome of cancer immunotherapy as T cells can only recognize tumour‐derived peptides in a complex with self‐HLA class I molecules. In this report we characterize the newly generated adenoviral vector AdCMVβ2m and demonstrate an efficient β2m gene transfer in tumour cell lines of different histological origin, including melanoma, prostate and colorectal carcinoma. The β2m re‐expression lasted for an extended period of time both in vitro and in vivo in human tumour xenograft transplants. We propose that in a subset of cancer patients with structural defect in β2m gene or chromosome 15, the adenoviral‐mediated recovery (or even increase) of HLA class I expression on tumour cells in combination with vaccination or adoptive T‐cell therapy can provide a complementary approach to improve the clinical efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
A Note on Isometric Embeddings of Surfaces of Revolution

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The research on influencing factors of consumers choosing the signal of pork quality authentication

Basing on the 808 samples and using the method of binary logistic regression model, studied the influencing factors of consumers using the signal of pork quality authentication. The results indicate that most consumers are not using the signal of pork quality authentication, and the main affected factor is the understanding and trust degree to the signal. And other factors can be followed personal characteristics, enterprise brands, attention degree to safety and taste, geographical authentication marks, and the prices. The theory value of this paper is that constructing the model of consumer using the signal of pork quality authentication, and this can discuss the factors of consumer choice pork. The innovation is that the paper researches the signal of pork authentication signal form the angle of general pork, pollution-free pork, green pork and organic pork. At present there are few scholars do such research. This can promote the improvement and development for the authentication department in China.
xJS: Practical XSS Prevention for Web Application Development

We present xJS, a practical framework for preventing code-injections in the web environment and thus assisting for the development of XSS-free web applications. xJS aims on being fast, developer-friendly and providing backwards compatibility. We implement and evaluate our solution in three leading web browsers and in the Apache web server. We show that our framework can successfully prevent all 1,380 real-world attacks that were collected from a well-known XSS attack repository. Furthermore, our framework imposes negligible computational overhead in both the server and the client side, and has no negative side-effects in the overall user's browsing experience.
Murphy loves potatoes: experiences from a pilot sensor network deployment in precision agriculture

We report on preliminary experiences with deploying a large-scale sensor network (about 100 nodes) for a pilot in precision agriculture. The pilot did not answer the initial research questions, but instead revealed many engineering problems typically overlooked by (computer) scientists evaluating their work by means of simulation. The deployment prompted us to rethink our development process and includes important lessons for the WSN research community as a whole
Urinary 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine, meat intake, and colorectal adenoma risk

Self-reported red and processed meat intake has been positively associated with colorectal adenoma and cancer; however, measurement error in self-reported data can attenuate risk estimates, increasing the need for improved exposure assessment methods to better understand this association. A controlled feeding study revealed that urinary 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine levels were dose-dependently associated with meat intake; our aim was to examine these analytes in relation to colorectal adenoma. Individuals undergoing routine cancer screening by sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy were recruited for a colorectal adenoma case–control study; participants completed a food frequency questionnaire and a meat questionnaire, and donated urine. Urinary 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine levels were measured in 131 case–control pairs (age, sex, and smoking matched); odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by logistic regression. Although the mean self-reported red meat intake was higher in cases (59 g/day) than in controls (48 g/day), the mean urinary 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine levels did not differ by case status (P=0.72). Neither urinary 1-methylhistidine nor urinary 3-methylhistidine was associated with colorectal adenoma (ORcontinuous=0.90, 95% CI: 0.53–1.54; ORcontinuous=0.90, 95% CI: 0.69–1.17, respectively). A variable combining self-reported red meat intake with urinary 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine levels was not associated with colorectal adenoma. Analyzing urine samples from multiple days from 17 individuals revealed intraclass correlations of 0.52 and 0.49 for 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine, respectively; this variability could result in attenuated risks. Urinary 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine levels, measured in one sample, were not associated with colorectal adenoma.
Effect of age at first calving on longevity and fertility traits for Holstein cattle.

Effects of age at first calving (AFC) on functional longevity of Czech Holstein cows and their reproduction traits in the first lactation were analyzed using the first lactation data of 605 538 Holstein cows first calved from 1993 to 2008. Three classes were formed for AFC: low age class (16-24 months), average age class (25-30 months), and high age class (33-46 months). Effects of AFC on length of productive life (LPL), days open (DO), days between calving and first service (CTFS), and days between first service and conception in the first lactation (FSTC) were estimated by survival and linear model analyses. It was found that LPL was on average slightly shorter for cows with higher AFC who showed also a lower proportion of higher lactations and tended to longer DO and longer CTFS in the first parity. The results of survival analysis indicate that cows with higher AFC had a tendency to shorter LPL (risk of culling 1.118) and to longer DO (risk of conception 0.758), CTFS (risk of conception 0.757), and FSTC (risk of conception 0.754) in comparison with cows with lower AFC. When the effect of fertility traits on LPL was analyzed, it was found that longer DO, CTFS, and FSTC were connected with a lower risk of culling (0.132, 0.183, 0.206) regardless of the particular AFC group. In linear model analysis, the effects of AFC group were estimated from two datasets, where the second dataset included also the missing values of fertility traits. It was found that the cows group with the highest AFC showed worse values of fertility traits (16.75, 19.69, 20.46 days) than the cows groups with lower AFC. Results of all analyses showed that a high AFC is connected with worse cow's fertility at the first lactation and with lower cow's LPL.
Seasonal change in a pollinator community and the maintenance of style length variation in Mertensia fusiformis (Boraginaceae).

BACKGROUND AND AIMS In sub-alpine habitats, patchiness in snowpack produces marked, small-scale variation in flowering phenology. Plants in early- and late-melting patches are therefore likely to experience very different conditions during their flowering periods. Mertensia fusiformis is an early-flowering perennial that varies conspicuously in style length within and among populations. The hypothesis that style length represents an adaptation to local flowering time was tested. Specifically, it was hypothesized that lower air temperatures and higher frost risk would favour short-styled plants (with stigmas more shielded by corollas) in early-flowering patches, but that the pollen-collecting behaviour of flower visitors in late-flowering patches would favour long-styled plants. METHODS Floral morphology was measured, temperatures were monitored and pollinators were observed in several matched pairs of early and late populations. To evaluate effects of cold temperatures on plants of different style lengths, experimental pollinations were conducted during mornings (warm) and evenings (cool), and on flowers that either had or had not experienced a prior frost. The effectiveness of different pollinators was quantified as seed set following single visits to plants with relatively short or long styles. KEY RESULTS Late-flowering populations experienced warmer temperatures than early-flowering populations and a different suite of pollinators. Nectar-foraging bumble-bee queens and male solitary bees predominated in early populations, whereas pollen-collecting female solitary bees were more numerous in later sites. Pollinators differed significantly in their abilities to transfer pollen to stigmas at different heights, in accordance with our prediction. However, temperature and frost sensitivity did not differ between long- and short-styled plants. Although plants in late-flowering patches tended to have longer styles than those in early patches, this difference was not consistent. CONCLUSIONS Seasonal change in pollinator-mediated selection on style length may help maintain variation in this trait in M. fusiformis, but adaptation to local flowering time is not apparent. The prevalence of short styles in these populations requires further explanation.
The National Special-Education Advocacy Community

Numerous nationally organized interest groups attempt to influence federal special-education policy. This article focuses on the predominant federal policy, the program authorized by P.L. 94–142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, and on the primary organized coalition lobbying federally on this issue, the Consortium for Citizens with Developmental Disabilities (CCDD). Common data bases for interest-group comparison are used, and the topic is approached from the political-interest-group theory first articulated by Arthur F. Bentley in 1908, in The Process of Government.
Nucleocytoplasmic transport of nucleocapsid proteins of enveloped RNA viruses

Most viruses with non-segmented single stranded RNA genomes complete their life cycle in the cytoplasm of infected cells. However, despite undergoing replication in the cytoplasm, the structural proteins of some of these RNA viruses localize to the nucleus at specific times in the virus life cycle, primarily early in infection. Limited evidence suggests that this enhances successful viral replication by interfering with or inhibiting the host antiviral response. Nucleocapsid proteins of RNA viruses have a well-established, essential cytoplasmic role in virus replication and assembly. Intriguingly, nucleocapsid proteins of some RNA viruses also localize to the nucleus/nucleolus of infected cells. Their nuclear function is less well understood although significant advances have been made in recent years. This review will focus on the nucleocapsid protein of cytoplasmic enveloped RNA viruses, including their localization to the nucleus/nucleolus and function therein. A greater understanding of the nuclear localization of nucleocapsid proteins has the potential to enhance therapeutic strategies as it can be a target for the development of live-attenuated vaccines or antiviral drugs.
PPV modelling of memristor-based oscillator

In this letter, we propose for the first time a method of abstracting the PPV (Perturbation Projection Vector) characteristic of the up-to-date memristor-based oscillators. Inspired from biological oscillators and its characteristic named PRC (Phase Response Curve), we build a bridge between PRC and PPV. This relationship is verified rigorously using the transistor level simulation of Colpitts and ring oscillators, i.e., comparing the PPV converted from PRC and the PPV obtained from accurate PSS+PXF simulation. Then we apply this method to the PPV calculation of the memristor-based oscillator. By keeping the phase dynamics of the oscillator and dropping the details of voltage/current amplitude, the PPV modelling is highly efficient to describe the phase dynamics due to the oscillator coupling, and will be very suitable for the fast simulation of large scale oscillatory neural networks.
Discovering Disease Phenotypes from a Large Database of Inpatient Records : A Sepsis Study

Data-driven phenotype discoveries on Electronic Health Records (EHR) data have recently drawn benefits across many aspects of clinical practice. In the method described in this paper, we map a very large EHR database containing more than a million inpatient cases into a low dimensional space where diseases with similar phenotypes have similar representation. This embedding allows for an effective segmentation of diseases into more homogeneous categories, an important task of discovering disease types for precision medicine. In particular, many diseases have heterogeneous nature. For instance, sepsis, a systemic and progressive inflammation, can be caused by many factors, and can have multiple manifestations on different human organs. Understanding such heterogeneity of the disease can help in addressing many important issues regarding sepsis, including early diagnosis and treatment, which is of huge importance as sepsis is one of the main causes of in-hospital deaths in the United States. This study analyzes state of the art embedding models that have had huge success in various fields, applying them to disease embedding from EHR databases. Particular interest is given to learning multi-type representation of heterogeneous diseases, which leads to more homogeneous groups. Our results show evidence that such representations have phenotypes of higher quality and also provide benefit when predicting mortality of inpatient visits.
Selective Regulation of Blood Pressure by Heme Oxygenase-1 in Hypertension

Heme oxygenase (HO) and carbon monoxide (CO) participate in the homeostatic control of cardiovascular functions, including the regulation of blood pressure (BP). Upregulation of the HO/CO system has been shown to lower BP in young (8 weeks) but not in adult (20 weeks) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The underlying mechanism for this selective effect, however, has been unknown and was investigated in the present study. The administration of hemin resulted in a marked decrease in BP (from 148.6±3.2 to 125.8±2.6 mm Hg, P <0.01) in young but not in prehypertensive (4 weeks) or adult SHR or Wistar-Kyoto rats at all ages. The inhibition of HO with chromium mesoporphyrin abrogated the BP-lowering effect of hemin. Significantly lower expression levels of HO-1 and soluble gyanylyl cyclase (sGC) as well as reduced cGMP content were detected in 8-week SHR but not in adult SHR or Wistar-Kyoto rats of all ages. These deficiencies were all corrected by hemin treatment. The expression of HO-2 protein was not different among all animal groups tested and not affected by hemin treatment. Desensitization of the sGC/cGMP pathway in adult SHR was demonstrated by the reduced vasorelaxant potency of the sGC activator 3-(5′ -hydroxymethyl-2-′furyl)-1-benzylindazole. Thus, in young and prehypertensive SHR, a defective HO/CO-sGC/cGMP system might constitute a pathogenic mechanism for the development of hypertension. The HO/CO-sGC/cGMP system appears normal in adult SHR, but desensitization of the downstream targets of the system to sGC/cGMP may endow SHR at this stage a persistent hypertension status.
DEPENDENCE OF NELFINAVIR BRAIN UPTAKE ON DOSE AND TISSUE CONCENTRATIONS OF THE SELECTIVE P-GLYCOPROTEIN INHIBITOR ZOSUQUIDAR IN RATS

Most reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors used in highly active antiretroviral therapy for treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections exhibit poor penetration into the brain, raising the concern that the brain may be a sanctuary site for the development of resistant HIV variants. This study explores the relationship between the dose and plasma and brain concentrations of zosuquidar and the effect of this selective P-glycoprotein inhibitor on central nervous system penetration of the HIV protease inhibitor nelfinavir maintained at steady state by intravenous infusions in rats. Nelfinavir was infused (10 mg/kg/h) for up to 10 h with or without concurrent administration of an intravenous bolus dose of 2, 6, or 20 mg/kg zosuquidar given at 4 h. Brain tissue and plasma were analyzed for both drug concentrations. Brain tissue/plasma nelfinavir concentration ratios (uncorrected for the vascular contribution) increased nonlinearly with zosuquidar dose from 0.06 ± 0.03 in the absence of zosuquidar and 0.09 ± 0.02 between 2 and 6 h after 2 mg/kg zosuquidar to 0.85 ± 0.19 after 6 mg/kg and 1.58 ± 0.67 after 20 mg/kg zosuquidar. Zosuquidar brain tissue/plasma concentration ratios exhibited a similar abrupt increase from 2.8 ± 0.3 after a 2 mg/kg dose to ∼15 after the 6 and 20 mg/kg doses. The apparent threshold in the plasma concentration of zosuquidar necessary to produce significant enhancement in brain uptake of nelfinavir appears to be close to the plasma concentrations associated with the maximum tolerated dose reported in the literature after repeated dosing of zosuquidar in patients.
Lipoprotein (a) and Stroke: An Overview

Stroke remains a major cause of mortality and long term severe disability worldwide. Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) is a predictor of many forms of vascular disease, and may serve as a tool in identifying subjects at risk. Despite accumulat- ing evidence from cross sectional and prospective studies, its role in the development of stroke is still in doubt. Methodo- logical issues regarding measurement remain to be resolved. Whether reductions in Lp(a) levels will result in a reduction of vascular events, including stroke, remains to be established. Aggressive management of established cardiovascular risk factors is advocated in subjects exhibiting elevated serum Lp(a) concentrations.
Mapping and Revising Markov Logic Networks for Transfer Learning

Transfer learning addresses the problem of how to leverage knowledge acquired in a source domain to improve the accuracy and speed of learning in a related target domain. This paper considers transfer learning with Markov logic networks (MLNs), a powerful formalism for learning in relational domains. We present a complete MLN transfer system that first autonomously maps the predicates in the source MLN to the target domain and then revises the mapped structure to further improve its accuracy. Our results in several real-world domains demonstrate that our approach successfully reduces the amount of time and training data needed to learn an accurate model of a target domain over learning from scratch.
The predictive value of individual factors, work‐related factors, and work–home interaction on burnout in female and male physicians: a longitudinal study

The purpose of this study was to examine physician burnout in association with individual factors, work characteristics and work–home interaction (job performance-based self-esteem, goal orientation, value congruency, workload, autonomy, work–home conflict and work–home facilitation). This two-wave panel study includes a sample of Norwegian physicians collected in 2003 (N = 683) and 2005 (N = 523). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to test the assumed effects in male and female physicians separately. The results imply that many of the assumed predictors play significant parts in physician burnout. A noticeable finding was that the pattern and strength of significant effects differed within the separate analyses of men and women. Work–home conflict was a particularly strong burnout predictor in female physicians whereas workload was the strongest burnout predictor in male physicians. The findings may have implications when planning future interventions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iterative annealing: a new efficient optimization method for cellular neural networks

Cellular neural networks (CNN) are excellently suited for image processing. A big challenge thereby is the determination of CNN templates for special image processing tasks. In many cases, appropriate templates can only be found by a parameter optimization. Unfortunately, especially in the context of image processing, such an optimization is frequently a difficult task due to a lot of local minima in the error measure. We present a new method of optimization that detects a global minimum of an error measure even if the function contains many local minima. To prove this assertion, we constructed a number of multidimensional test functions, which have not only a global minimum but also many local minima. We present a comparison between the introduced iterative annealing method and other analytical and statistical optimization methods. Furthermore, by using the new optimization method we realized a feature point extractor with CNN.
Covert Channels through External Interference

This paper introduces interference channels, a new kind of covert channel that works by creating external interference on a shared communications medium (such as a wireless network). Unlike previous covert channels, here the covert sender does not need to compromise an authorized sender or require the ability to send messages on the network, but only needs the ability to jam traffic for short intervals. We describe an implementation of a wireless interference channel for 802.11 networks that can be used to superimpose low bandwidth messages over data streams, even when the network is encrypted or has other access controls. This channel is particularly well suited to watermarking VoIP flows, without compromising any routers or endpoint hosts.
Optimization of Magnet Segmentation for Reduction of Eddy-Current Losses in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine

Rare earth permanent magnet synchronous machines with the pulsewidth modulated supply are exposed to magnets' heating due to harmonic fields, which rotate in relation to rotor. In cases when skin effect is negligible, the corresponding eddy-current losses in magnets can be reduced by segmentation of magnets. In this paper, we propose an analytical method to evaluate the effect of both circumferential and axial segmentations on losses' reduction in various conditions, concerning the skin effect. With the skin effect operating, the magnets' division may lead to increase rather than decrease of the eddy-current losses. A criterion to determine range of parameters leading to this unexpected situation is presented. Finite-element calculation confirms the results of the analysis.