Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AutoExp: A multidisciplinary, multi-sensor framework to evaluate the acceptability of self-driving cars

Introduction : The arrival of self-driving cars (SDC) in our daily lives is imminent. However, research on the adoption of this technology is still an ongoing topic. Existing work focuses on situations where the driver may be asked to take back control of the vehicle. Therefore, we currently lack tools and studies to analyze the behaviors of the occupants of SDC beyond driving-related activities in real-world situations. For instance, most datasets devoted to evaluating methods to monitor the cockpit of self-driving cars consist of synthetic data or are laboratory-based recordings [1, 2, 3]. Moreover, in human and social sciences, such as economy of transport and cognitive sciences, studies are usually focused on declarative surveys and evaluations on dedicated infrastructures, like a car cockpit simulator [4, 5]. Contribution : We propose a multidisciplinary, multi-sensor framework to evaluate the changes in the internal states and behaviors of SDC’s occupants in real-world situations. Materials and methods : The proposed framework is composed of a sensor setup to record the typical postures, gestures, and actions of passengers in the cockpit, and a sequence of surveys to assess changes in their internal states
The Open Nursing Journal Understanding Learning Styles in Undergraduate Nursing Programs of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An Integrative Literature Review

: Background: In Saudi Arabia, nursing education is developing fast due to high nursing demand. Alongside this development, nurse educators must identify and understand nursing students learning styles to ensure the multidimensional development of students learning experiences. Students' preferred learning style is an essential element in determining students' unique ways of processing new knowledge, information, and skills. Objective: This literature review aimed to identify the learning styles of undergraduate Saudi nursing students based on the premises of three learning style models: Kolb’s Model, Felder-Silverman Learning, and Visual, Aural, Read/Write, and Kinesthetic (VARK) Learning Styles Inventory. Methods: An integrative review of published studies on Saudi nursing students' learning styles was conducted while adhering to predefined eligibility measures. The research strategy for this study was based on online international databases, such as PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and Saudi health databases and journals. The keywords used were: “nursing education,” “learning style,” “learning preference,” “academic learning style,” “undergraduate nursing students,” and “nursing students in Saudi Arabia. ” Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Most of the reviewed literature reported a prominent preference for kinesthetic, accommodating, converging, visual, and active learning styles in nursing students regardless of their age, gender, and level of education in various universities in Saudi Arabia. Conclusion: practice as the best style that improves nursing students learning experience. The Saudi Arabian education system must adjust to fit students' preferred learning styles and focus on advanced state-of-the-science learning tools in nursing education.
Time-series Analysis of Broadband Photometry of Neptune from K2

We report here on our search for excess power in photometry of Neptune collected by the K2 mission that may be due to intrinsic global oscillations of the planet Neptune. To conduct this search, we developed new methods to correct for instrumental effects such as intrapixel variability and gain variations. We then extracted and analyzed the time-series photometry of Neptune from 49 days of nearly continuous broadband photometry of the planet. We find no evidence of global oscillations and place an upper limit of ∼5 ppm at 1000 for the detection of a coherent signal. With an observed cadence of 1 minute and a point-to-point scatter of less than 0.01%, the photometric signal is dominated by reflected light from the Sun, which is in turn modulated by atmospheric variability of Neptune at the 2% level. A change in flux is also observed due to the increasing distance between Neptune and the K2 spacecraft and the solar variability with convection-driven solar p modes present.
Pronouns and Gender *

In February 2022, social media app TikTok updated its community guidelines to include a provision which prohibits users from posting, uploading, streaming, or sharing “content that targets transgender or non-binary individuals through misgendering or deadnaming. ”1 In contrast — and just two months later — Tennessee’s House of Representatives passed a bill specifying that teachers and other employees of public schools are “not required to use a student’s preferred pronoun when referring to the student if the preferred pronoun is not consistent with the student’s biological sex,”2 and Nicholas Meriwether, a professor at Shawnee State University in Ohio, won $400,000 in a settlement with his employer after refusing to use the preferred pronouns of one of his students.3
THE PHYSICS OF THE NEUTRINO MECHANISM OF CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE

Although it is known that the stalled accretion shock in models of core-collapse supernovae turns into explosion when the neutrino luminosity from the proto-neutron star (PNS) exceeds a critical value (Lcritν, core) (the “neutrino mechanism”), the physics of Lcritν, core has never been systematically explored. We solve the accretion problem between the PNS surface and the accretion shock. We quantify the deep connection between the general problem of accretion flows with bounding shocks and the neutrino mechanism. In particular, we show that there is a maximum, critical sound speed above which the shock jump conditions cannot be satisfied and steady-state accretion is impossible. This physics is general and does not depend on a specific heating mechanism. For the simple model of pressure-less free fall onto a shock bounding an isothermal accretion flow, we show that shock solutions are possible only for sound speed cT < ccritT and that c2T/vesc2 = 3/16 = 0.1875 at ccritT. We generalize this result to the supernova problem, showing that the same physics determines Lcritν, core. The critical condition for explosion can be written as c2S/v2esc ≃ 0.19, where cS is the adiabatic sound speed. This “antesonic” condition describes Lcritν, core over a broad range of parameters, and other criteria proposed in the literature fail to capture this physics. We show that the accretion luminosity reduces Lcritν, core non-trivially. A larger PNS radius decreases Lcritν, core, implying that a stiff high-density equation of state may be preferred. Finally, using an analytic model, we provide evidence that the reduction of Lcritν, core seen in recent multi-dimensional simulations results from reduced cooling efficiency, rather than an increased heating rate.
Unravelling the 2e− ORR Activity Induced by Distance Effect on Main-Group Metal InN4 Surface Based on First Principles

The p-electron-dominated main-group metals (Sb, Se, In, etc.) have recently been reported to possess excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity by means of heteroatom doping into graphene. However, on these main group metal surfaces, other approaches especially the distance effect to modulate catalytic activity are rarely involved. In this work, the origin of excellent 2e− ORR catalytic activity of graphene-supported InN4 moiety by tuning the distance between metallic In atoms is thoroughly investigated by employing the first-principles calculations. Our DFT calculations show that the 2e− ORR catalytic activity strongly depends on the crystal orbital Hamilton population (COHP) between In and O atoms. This work is useful for the rational design of main group metal single atom electrocatalysts.
Task Discovery: Finding the Tasks that Neural Networks Generalize on

When developing deep learning models, we usually decide what task we want to solve then search for a model that generalizes well on the task. An intriguing question would be: what if, instead of fixing the task and searching in the model space, we fix the model and search in the task space? Can we find tasks that the model generalizes on? How do they look, or do they indicate anything? These are the questions we address in this paper. We propose a task discovery framework that automatically finds examples of such tasks via optimizing a generalization-based quantity called agreement score. We demonstrate that one set of images can give rise to many tasks on which neural networks generalize well. These tasks are a reflection of the inductive biases of the learning framework and the statistical patterns present in the data, thus they can make a useful tool for analysing the neural networks and their biases. As an example, we show that the discovered tasks can be used to automatically create adversarial train-test splits which make a model fail at test time, without changing the pixels or labels, but by only selecting how the datapoints should be split between the train and test sets. We end with a discussion on human-interpretability of the discovered tasks.
Wetting in a two-dimensional capped capillary. Part II: Three-phase coexistence

In Part II of this study we consider two cases of three-phase coexistence. First, the capped capillary may allow for vapour, drop-like, and slab-like phases to coexist at the same values of temperature and chemical potential. Second, the slit pore forming the bulk of the capped capillary may allow for the coexistence between vapour, planar prewetting film and capillary-liquid. While the consideration of the former case allows us to summarise the phenomenology presented in Part I and to show that the transition line of wedge prewetting is shifted in capillary-like geometries by a constant value, depending on the capillary width, the careful examination of the latter case allows us to uncover a new phase transition in confined fluids, a continuous planar prewetting transition. A planar prewetting transition is known to be a distinctly first-order phenomenon, and typically taking place on the scale of several atomic diameters. A continuous prewetting transition, on the other hand, is scale invariant. Thus, apart from being of fundamental significance, this finding has potential for facilitating experimental detection as well as measurements of planar prewetting. Further, we provide proof for the existence of a tri-critical point of the three-phase coexistence line of the capped capillary while by considering a dynamic model of wetting we show how the relaxation of the system can be pinned by a metastable state. We present a full parametric study of our model system and support our findings with exhaustive examples of density profiles, adsorption and free energy isotherms, and full phase diagrams.
A DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH DESIGN FOR CARBON EMISSION PREDICTION OF MACHINING

The issue of carbon neutrality for manufacturing industry attracts increasing attention. As a major contributor, the carbon emission prediction of machining processes has been established as one of the most crucial research targets. However, due to the complexity of machining, the carbon emissions of which are influenced by many factors, and show dynamic characteristics. At the moment, these indicators and characteristics are difficult to be fully considered in the existing method, which may cause the inaccurate results of the carbon emission prediction. The purpose of this study is to design a carbon emission prediction model of machining through a data-driven approach. First of all, the multiple sources and impact factors of carbon emissions in machining are studied, and the dynamic characteristics of carbon emissions are described through the relationship between them. Based on the collection of the related data, a carbon emission prediction approach is designed, and data feature extraction and predictive methods are proposed by using the ridge regression and the BP neural network based on Genetic Algorithm (GA-BP) respectively. An experimental study using the carbon emission data of a real turning machining shows the merits of the proposed approach.
Luminosity and cooling suppression in magnetized white dwarfs

We investigate the luminosity and cooling of highly magnetized white dwarfs where cooling occurs by the diffusion of photons. We solve the magnetostatic equilibrium and photon diffusion equations to obtain the temperature and density profiles in the surface layers of these white dwarfs. With increase in field strength, the degenerate core shrinks in volume with a simultaneous increase in the core temperature. For a given white dwarf age and for a fixed interface radius or temperature, the luminosity decreases significantly from $\sim 10^{-6}\, L_{\odot}$ to $10^{-9}\, L_{\odot}$ as the field strength increases from $\sim 10^9$ to $10^{12}\,$G in the surface layers. This is remarkable as it argues that magnetized white dwarfs can remain practically hidden in an observed H--R diagram. We also find that the cooling rates for these highly magnetized white dwarfs are suppressed significantly.
HELENA KUPARI Religious practice among Finnish converts to Orthodox Christianity Between ritual and sincerety

62 In this study, I discuss the devotional lives of Finns who have joined the Orthodox Church of Finland as adults. The analysis is based on interviews conducted with 29 converts to Orthodoxy. My specific focus is the interplay of interiority and exteriority in my interlocutors’ religious practice. To conceptualise this dynamic, I turn to Adam Seligman’s theorisation of ritual and sincerity as two modes of organising social action. For Seligman, ritual action relies on the outer form, whereas sincere action prioritises the inner form – intention and mindset – instead. My interlocutors’ religious trajectories challenge the standard conceptualisation of the modern subject as someone who is primarily concerned for the truthful expression of their internal states and therefore rejects any external restrictions placed on their actions. After all, they had voluntarily transferred to a religious group that emphasises compliance with an outer form. My analysis demonstrates that while the interviewees understood sincerity as the driving force of religious practice, they valued Orthodox ritual as a resource. Moreover, their engagement in ritual action helped them come to terms with the ambiguities of their daily lives, including their conflicting obligations and wavering commitment, and to experience their lives as imbued with religion nonetheless.
A pilot survey for transients and variables with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder

We present a pilot search for variable and transient sources at 1.4 GHz with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). The search was performed in a 30 deg2 area centred on the NGC 7232 galaxy group over eight epochs and observed with a near-daily cadence. The search yielded nine potential variable sources, rejecting the null hypothesis that the flux densities of these sources do not change with 99.9 per cent confidence. These nine sources displayed flux density variations with modulation indices m ≥ 0.1 above ourflux density limit of ∼1.5 mJy. They are identified to be compact active galactic nucleus (AGN)/quasars or galaxies hosting an AGN, whose variability is consistent with refractive interstellar scintillation. We also detect a highly variable source with modulation index m > 0.5 over atime intervalof a decade between the Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey (SUMSS) and our latest ASKAP observations. We find the source to be consistent with the properties of long-term variability of a quasar. No transients were detected on time-scales of days and we place an upper limit ρt < 0.01 deg−2 with 95percent confidence for non-detections on near-daily time-scales. The future VAST-Wide survey with 36-ASKAP dishes will probe the transient phase space with similar cadence to our pilot survey, but better sensitivity, and will detect and monitor rarer brighter events.
A 5200 year record of precipitation changes in west-central Guatemala inferred from lacustrine carbonate-based stable isotopes

A 5200 YEAR RECORD OF PRECIPITATION CHANGES IN WEST-CENTRAL GUATEMALA INFERRED FROM LACUSTRINE CARBONATE-BASED STABLE ISOTOPES Jacob Feller, M.S. Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences Northern Illinois University, 2016 Nathan Stansell, Director Guatemala is a drought-sensitive country that experiences varying amounts of precipitation in response to Atlantic and Pacific Ocean influences. A 5.5 m, finely-laminated sediment core from Lake San Francisco in the Huehuetenango province was collected in order to reconstruct precipitation changes over the last ~5,200 years at a decadal-scale resolution. An agedepth model was developed based on 7 radiocarbon ages of charcoal as well as Pb dating of surface sediments. Authigenic calcite preserved in the sediment record provides an archive of lake-water isotopic variability in response to climate driven changes in hydrologic balance. Modern surface water isotope data taken from lakes throughout the region do not indicate evaporative enrichment relative to meteoric water. Within open-basin lakes within the Tropics, such as San Francisco, δO variation is often driven by the amount effect. This means that high δO reflects drier conditions within the record while lower δO values indicate wetter overall periods. Our data suggest relatively dry conditions within the region between 5-2 ka BP, with the driest period lasting from ~4.2 to ~3.2 ka. A shift to wetter conditions began at ~2 ka and persisted until the past century. Correspondence between the San Francisco record and both North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) reconstructions suggest that both of these modes of variability drive precipitation change in this region of Guatemala. In general, positive (negative) phases of ENSO cause drier (wetter) conditions, while positive (negative) phases of NAO cause wetter (drier) conditions throughout the duration of the record. The detailed stratigraphy and well-resolved age model exhibited by the San Francisco record indicate a high potential to produce detailed paleoclimate data from Western Guatemala. NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY DE KALB, ILLINOIS
C iv EMISSION AND THE ULTRAVIOLET THROUGH X-RAY SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION OF RADIO-QUIET QUASARS

In the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV), two of the parameters that best characterize the range of emission-line properties in quasar broad emission-line regions are the equivalent width and the blueshift of the C iv λ1549 line relative to the quasar rest frame. We explore the connection between these emission-line properties and the UV through X-ray spectral energy distribution (SED) for radio-quiet (RQ) quasars. Our sample consists of a heterogeneous compilation of 406 quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (at z > 1.54) and Palomar-Green survey (at z < 0.4) that have well-measured C iv emission-line and X-ray properties (including 164 objects with measured Γ). We find that RQ quasars with both strong C iv emission and small C iv blueshifts can be classified as “hard-spectrum” sources that are (relatively) strong in the X-ray as compared to the UV. On the other hand, RQ quasars with both weak C iv emission and large C iv blueshifts are instead “soft-spectrum” sources that are (relatively) weak in the X-ray as compared to the UV. This work helps to further bridge optical/soft X-ray “eigenvector 1” relationships to the UV and hard X-ray. Based on these findings, we argue that future work should consider systematic errors in bolometric corrections (and thus accretion rates) that are derived from a single mean SED. Detailed analysis of the C iv emission line may allow for SED-dependent corrections to these quantities.
Losing the IR: a holographic framework for area theorems

Gravitational area laws are expected to arise as a result of ignorance of ‘UV gravitational data’. In AdS/CFT, the UV/IR correspondence suggests that this data is dual to infrared physics in the CFT. Motivated by these heuristic expectations, we define a precise framework for explaining bulk area laws (in any dimension) by discarding IR CFT data. In (1+1) boundary dimensions, our prescribed mechanism shows explicitly that the boundary dual to these area laws is strong subadditivity of von Neumann entropy. Moreover, such area laws may be of arbitrary (and mixed) signature; thus our framework gives the first entropic explanation of mixed signature area laws (as well as area laws for certain dynamical causal horizons). In general dimension, the framework is easily modified to include bulk quantum corrections, thus giving rise to an infinite family of bulk generalized second laws.
Evolution of Cosmic Molecular Gas Mass Density from z ∼ 0 to z = 1–1.5

We try to constrain the cosmic molecular gas mass density (CMGD) at and that in the local universe by combining stellar mass functions of star-forming galaxies and their average molecular gas mass fractions against the stellar mass. The average molecular gas mass fractions are taken from recent CO observations of star-forming galaxies at the redshifts. The CMGD is obtained to be at and at by integrating down to . Although the values have various uncertainties, the CMGD at is about 10 times larger than that in the local universe. The cosmic star formation rate density (CSFRD) at is also about 10 times larger than that in the local universe. Our result suggests that the large CMGD at accounts for the large CSFRD at .
Magnetotransport in 
Sr3PbO
 antiperovskite

Novel topological phenomena are anticipated for three-dimensional (3D) Dirac electrons. The magnetotransport properties of cubic ${\rm Sr_{3}PbO}$ antiperovskite, theoretically proposed to be a 3D massive Dirac electron system, are studied. The measurements of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations and Hall resistivity indicate the presence of a low density ($\sim 1 \times 10^{18}$ ${\rm cm^{-3}}$) of holes with an extremely small cyclotron mass of 0.01-0.06$m_{e}$. The magnetoresistance $\Delta\rho_{xx}(B)$ is linear in magnetic field $B$ with the magnitude independent of temperature. These results are fully consistent with the presence of 3D massive Dirac electrons in ${\rm Sr_{3}PbO}$. The chemical flexibility of the antiperovskites and our findings in the family member, ${\rm Sr_{3}PbO}$, point to their potential as a model system in which to explore exotic topological phases.