Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the solution of the equations of elastic equilibrium suitable for elliptic boundaries

subject to given conditions at the boundary. But the determination of the three functions u, v, w satisfying equations (1) and (2) and the conditions at the bounding surface is a matter of great difficulty and hitherto such functions have been discovered only in the case of a few boundaries. It frequently happens, as with the kindred problems in hydrodynamics and electrostatics, that a problem which cannot be solved in three dimensions readily admits of a two-dimensional solution. Though these two-dimensional analogues can only be imperfectly produced in nature, they are of great importance on account of the light they throw on the more general problems which cannot be solved completely. From this point of view, the solutions of equations (1) and (2) in two dimensions are interesting and instructive and have actually received the attention of a large number of investigators. It was shown by Airy that in the case of plane strain, the stresses can be expressed in terms of a stress function X by the formulas
Almost polar sets and an ergodic theorem

“ $q$ . $e$ . ‘’ will mean “ except on an almoSt polar Set”. Recently the notion of almoSt polarity waS emPloyed independently by S. Port and C. Stone [12] for additive proceSSeS with $m$ being the Haar meaSure and by the author [8] for general m-Symmetric Markov proceSSeS whoSe aSSociated Dirichlet SpaceS are regular1). In both caSeS, almoSt polar SetS were identified with the SetS of $\lambda$ -capacity zero, the $\lambda$ -capacity being defined Suitably according to the reSpective SituationS. When $M$ iS the Brownian motion on $R^{3}$ , the almoSt polar Set iS juSt the Set of the Newtonian outer capacity zero.
OH/IR Stars in the Magellanic Clouds

A sample of IRAS point sources in the Magellanic Clouds has been searched for 1612 MHz maser emission and for infrared emission at JHKL'. Six point sources, all in the LMC, are found to be OH masers while 19 have strong infrared emission typical of evolved giant and supergiant stars with dense circumstellar shells. Near-infrared monitoring over ∼1700 days has yielded pulsation periods for nine of the sources. All sources are classified as AGB stars, core helium burning supergiants or preplanetary nebulae according to pulsation amplitude, luminosity, and redness
A Blind Information Hiding Scheme Based on Optimum Embedding Strategy

In this paper we proposed a new blind image information hiding scheme with optimum embedding strategy, that is, a closed loop embedding process. Combining the embedding process with the performance analysis, we give an implementation approach in wavelet domain, which can meet different requirements of different actual information hiding applications. The embedding process is modified iteratively according to the results of the performance analysis of information hiding technique. If the information hided can not meet the requirements of actual applications or the embedded information is perceptive, the embedded intensity of hidden information is modified so as to obtain optimal embedding effect. The convergence of the closed loop techniques is proved. In the performance analysis, the distribution of likelihood function is analyzed, and the mean and the variance of two hypothesis tests and their relationship are deduced. The probabilities of false alarm and detection under hypothesis test are also given which are used as the performance measures for the closed loop embedding strategy. During the information detection, the independent component analysis technique is adopted so that it is not need any information about the watermarking embedding process, the detector can not merely detect the watermark but also can extract the exact watermark. Also, by independent component analysis technique, the multi hidden information deadlock can be resolved. The experimental results show the watermark is robust against attacks popular information hiding scheme- Stirmark, such as low-pass filtering, geometric distortions, median filtering, additive noise.
Global rate coefficients for ionization and recombination of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and argon

The flow field modeling of planetary entry plasmas, laser-induced plasmas, inductively coupled plasmas, arcjets, etc., requires to use Navier-Stokes codes. The kinetic mechanisms implemented in these codes involve global (effective) rate coefficients. These rate coefficients result from the excited states coupling during a quasi-steady state. In order to obtain these global rate coefficients over a wide electron temperature (Te) range for ionization and recombination of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, the behavior of their excited states is investigated using a zero-dimensional (time-dependent) code. The population number densities of these electronic states are considered as independent species. Their relaxation is studied within the range 3000 K≤Te≤20 000 K and leads to the determination of the ionization (ki) and recombination (kr) global rate coefficients. Comparisons with existing data are performed. Finally, the ratio ki/kr is compared with the Saha equilibrium constant. This ratio increases more rapidly than the equilibrium constant for Te>15 000 K.The flow field modeling of planetary entry plasmas, laser-induced plasmas, inductively coupled plasmas, arcjets, etc., requires to use Navier-Stokes codes. The kinetic mechanisms implemented in these codes involve global (effective) rate coefficients. These rate coefficients result from the excited states coupling during a quasi-steady state. In order to obtain these global rate coefficients over a wide electron temperature (Te) range for ionization and recombination of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, the behavior of their excited states is investigated using a zero-dimensional (time-dependent) code. The population number densities of these electronic states are considered as independent species. Their relaxation is studied within the range 3000 K≤Te≤20 000 K and leads to the determination of the ionization (ki) and recombination (kr) global rate coefficients. Comparisons with existing data are performed. Finally, the ratio ki/kr is compared with the Saha equilibrium constant. This ratio increases .
Variation of coronal line widths on and off the disk

We present observations of a Mg x 625 A coronal line, obtained with the CDs instrument on SoHO, extending from the disk part of the coronal hole to ∼90000 km above the limb in the north polar coronal hole. Observations were performed in polar plumes and inter-plume lanes. To obtain a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio the observations were made over long periods of time and subsequent time frames were summed up. For the off-limb observations we notice a turnover point, around 65 000 km above the limb, where the line widths seem to suddenly decrease or level-off. The initial linear increase of line width with altitude supports previous observations and is consistent with an interpretation of linear undamped Alfven waves propagating outwards in open field regions. The turnover point seems to indicate the location where a change of physics takes place. We find that this turnover occurs at approximately the same line width value for each of the datasets examined, suggesting that the turnover occurs whenever the non-thermal velocity reaches a certain key velocity. For the on-disk data we find larger widths in the deep coronal hole as compared to the adjacent quiet Sun regions, suggesting the presence of additional waves and/or turbulence in the coronal hole.
A Spatially Resolved, Semiempirical Model for the Extended Atmosphere of α Orionis (M2 Iab)

We have constructed a detailed mean density and temperature model for the extended outer atmosphere of the O-rich supergiant Betelgeuse (α Ori [M2 Iab]), which extends from 1.0 to 10.0 stellar radii. A one-dimensional model is based on fitting NRAO VLA centimeter visibility data, and two-dimensional models are constructed using the intensity contours of the 0.7 cm observations of Lim et al. As one moves in toward the star from about 10 R* the mean electron temperature increases to a value of ≃3800 K, then declines down below Teff, and then rises to photospheric values. The peak mean model temperature is less than the typical chromospheric temperatures found in previous models. Observations of Hα and chromospheric ultraviolet (UV) emission show that higher temperature components must also exist, but they do not dominate the weighted mean temperature structure. We tentatively identify the radius where the temperature distribution peaks (R ≃ 1.45 R*) with the dominant chromospheric UV emission region and find an areal filling factor of ≤. In the extended semiempirical model the dominant source of electrons is from photoionized metals and is dominated by carbon. The low ionization of hydrogen leads to a dominance by H- (free-free) opacity at centimeter wavelengths. We derive simple estimates of the radio spectral indices for other similar M supergiants. We have constructed two-dimensional models to examine whether the intensity asymmetry observed at 0.7 cm is most likely to result from density or temperature variations. Adopting an elliptical two-dimensional model, a density asymmetry along the axes of symmetry would need to be 20 : 1. If we assume the radial wind velocity is independent of angle the integrated mass-loss rate is only a factor of ~2 greater than that derived from the one-dimensional model. However, previous Hα speckle observations that sample the same spatial regions suggest the asymmetry observed at 0.7 cm is not due to such a large-scale density asymmetry. A modest change in temperature can more easily provide the asymmetry, increasing both the opacity and the thermal source term. If the radial density structure is assumed to be the same as in 1992 September, when HST/GHRS spectra were obtained, then the Fe II wind absorption features provide an estimate of the mass-loss rate of 3.1(±1.3) × 10-6 M☉ yr-1. This further implies that the cool material dominates the mass of the extended atmosphere and that the radio-emitting region is within the base of the outflow observed in the circumstellar layers. A simple silicate dust model is constructed and the semiempirical model suggests an onset of dust formation at R ≃ 33 R* where Tdust ~ 360 K. This region lies outside the semiempirical model but simple extrapolations suggest that at this radius Te ~ 220 K, and the mean hydrogen density nH ~ 3 × 106 cm-3. We address the difficult question of whether the mean thermal model based on the radio data can be consistent with the observed off-limb Hα scattering emission if inhomogeneities are present.
Approximate analytical solutions for the space-charge-limited current in one-dimensional and two-dimensional cylindrical diodes

In high-power microwave diode design, the space-charge-limited current is important because of its relation to the diode impedance, and the formation of the virtual cathode. Although the Langmuir–Blodgett law, as a numerical solution, is helpful, a simple functional expression would be more convenient for practical research. In this paper, a physical approximation has been introduced to analyze the nonlinear Poisson’s equation in a one-dimensional (1-D) cylindrical vacuum diode. With the help of this physical approximation, a solution for the space-charge-limited current for 1-D cylindrical diodes has been investigated and developed. In addition, a comparison between our approximate result and the Langmuir–Blodgett numerical solution shows that the physical approximation method is valid in nonlinear differential equation analyses. This physical approximation can be used to analyze similar nonlinear differential equations. Also, a correction for the space-charge-limited current in a two-dimensional cylindr.
THE DETERMINATION OF THE SURFACE IMPEDANCE OF AN OBSTACLE FROM MEASUREMENTS OF THE FAR FIELD PATTERN

We consider the problem of determining the surface impedance of an obstacle from measurements of the far field pattern of a scattered time harmonic acoustic wave. It is shown that this problem can be stabilized by assuming that the impedance is Holder continuous with an a priori bound given on the impedance and its Holder coefficient. A constructive method for determining the impedance is given through the use of the Backus–Gilbert method for solving improperly posed moment problems.
A novel monoclonal antibody with improved FcγR blocking ability demonstrated non-inferior efficacy compared to IVIG in cynomolgus monkey ITP model at considerably lower dose

Abstract Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a well-established treatment for various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, the standard dose prescribed for autoimmune diseases, including immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), is 2 g/kg, which is markedly high and leads to a high treatment burden. In this study, we generated fragment crystallizable (Fc)-modified anti-haptoglobin (Hp) monoclonal antibodies with non-inferior efficacy compared to IVIG at considerably lower doses than IVIG, as shown by in vitro experiments. We evaluated binding activity of anti-Hp antibodies to Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) with ELISA and inhibitory activity against the ADCC reaction. Furthermore, we successfully established a novel cynomolgus monkey ITP model and demonstrated that the anti-Hp antibody exerted its effect in this model with only a single dose. This Fc-modified anti-Hp monoclonal antibody could be a valuable therapeutic replacement for IVIG for the treatment of ITP.
A Dietary Supplement Containing Fucoidan Preserves Endothelial Glycocalyx through ERK/MAPK Signaling and Protects against Damage Induced by CKD Serum

(1) Damage to the endothelial glycocalyx (eGC), a protective layer lining the endothelial luminal surface, is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), which leads to a worsening of cardiovascular outcomes in these patients. Currently, there are no targeted therapeutic approaches. Whether the dietary supplement EndocalyxTM (ECX) protects against endothelial damage caused by uremic toxins is unknown. (2) We addressed this question by performing atomic force microscopy measurements on living endothelial cells. We examined the effect of ECX on eGC thickness at baseline and with pooled serum from hemodialysis patients. ECX was also successfully administered in vivo in mice, in which eGC was assessed using perfused boundary region measurements by intravital microscopy of cremasteric vessels. (3) Both ECX and fucoidan significantly improved baseline eGC thickness. Our data indicate that these effects are dependent on ERK/MAPK and PI3K signaling. After incubation with eGC damaging serum from dialysis patients, ECX increased eGC height. Intravital microscopy in mice revealed a relevant increase in baseline eGC dimensions after feeding with ECX. (4) We identified a dietary supplement containing glycocalyx substrates and fucoidan as potential mediators of eGC preservation in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that fucoidan may be an essential component responsible for protecting the eGC in acute settings. Moreover, ECX might contribute to both protection and rebuilding of the eGC in the context of CKD.
Development and Validation of the Single-Item Mindfulness Scale (SIMS)

Abstract Mindfulness is a focused attention to and acceptance of present experiences. Although several reliable and valid multi-item measures of trait mindfulness exist, researchers may sometimes want a short and quick measure of mindfulness. In this project, we developed and validated the Single-Item Mindfulness Scale (SIMS) to assess trait mindfulness. We conducted eight studies involving 3,125 adult and adolescent participants. The studies consisted of cross-sectional, short longitudinal, and daily diary designs. We first developed the wording of the SIMS in Studies 1 and 2 and then examined the validity and reliability in Studies 3–8. The SIMS was found to be reliable and valid. It correlated with several multi-item measures of mindfulness at effect sizes in the medium to large range. It also correlated in expected ways with variables known to be related to existing multi-item measures of mindfulness such as self-compassion, anxiety, negative affect, positive affect, depression, neuroticism, empathy, prosocial behavior, and self-consciousness. Furthermore, it correlated positively with daily reports of mindfulness in a two-week diary study. Although existing multi-item trait mindfulness scales should be used, when possible, the SIMS is recommended in situations when time, question quantity, or researcher focus is constrained.
CARE: Cooperation of ai Robot Enablers to Create a Vibrant Society

Demographic changes in our society are putting a heavy burden on care facilities and health-care infrastructure. While the elderly population is steadily increasing, there is an acute shortage of caregiving experts and professionals. This problem is becoming more severe in superaging societies, namely, Japan. Hence, this urges new and practical solutions for welfare facilities to mitigate the burden on caregivers and human supporting partners by introducing robotics assistance through information and communication technology (ICT). In this work, we present a new multirobot cooperation and coordination framework at different intellectual computation levels for care facilities. The framework is developed to bring the health-care 4.0 concept one step closer to reality, under the ongoing project “Moonshot Research & Development,” in Japan. First, we present an Internet of Things (IoT) integration system that is designed to include different passive and active assistive robots. Then, we redesign robot systems and develop a semiautonomous platform that can perform tasks based on user/patient interaction in real-world care facility scenarios. Our framework provides human–robot interaction under shared autonomy between the user and assisting robots to improve the efficacy of the users in everyday tasks. Tohoku University’s new state-of-the-art Living Lab facility is used to prepare a real-world scenario, where we present our experimental results. We also discuss the open problems in future care and human assistance aspects.
Use of benzodiazepine and Z‐drugs and mortality in older adults after myocardial infarction

The adverse cardiovascular effects of benzodiazepines and Z‐drugs (jointly referred as BZDRs) have been of concern. Yet, little is known about the use of BZDRs in relation to mortality risk among older adults with myocardial infarction history (post‐MI).
Improved confinement in high-density H-modes via modification of the plasma boundary with lower hybrid wavesa)

Injecting Lower Hybrid Range of Frequency (LHRF) waves into Alcator C-Mod's high-density H-mode plasmas has led to enhanced global energy confinement by increasing pedestal temperature and pressure gradients, decreasing the separatrix density, modifying the pedestal radial electric field and rotation, and decreasing edge turbulence. These experiments indicate that edge LHRF can be used as an actuator to increase energy confinement via modification of boundary quantities. H98-factor increases of up to ∼35% (e.g., H98 from 0.75 to 1.0) are seen when moderate amounts of LH power (PLH/Ptot ∼ 0.15) are applied to H-modes of densities n¯e ∼ 3 × 1020 m−3, corresponding to values ∼0.5 of the Greenwald density. However, the magnitude of the improvement is reduced if the confinement quality of the target H-mode plasma is already good (i.e., H98target ∼ 1). Ray-tracing modeling and accessibility calculations for the LH waves indicate that they do not penetrate to the core. The LHRF power appears to be deposited in p.
Influence of the Welding Degree on the Strength and Failure Modes of Tuff

The diagenesis of welded tuffs is a process in which volcanic debris undergoes degassing, compaction, and quenching, and vitreous rheologic, which indicates that the welding occurred in a high-temperature, high-pressure diagenetic environment and that different temperatures and pressures result in different degrees of welding in the welded tuffs, which can also result in differences in the mechanical properties of the rock. In this study, based on petrographic identification, mineral composition analysis, and pore structure characterization, uniaxial compression combined with linear accelerator CT and Brazilian splitting tests was carried out to investigate the influence of the welding degree on the strength and failure modes. The test results showed that although they had almost similar mineral composition and porosity, the uniaxial compression strength and tensile strength of the strongly welded tuffs were greater than that of the weakly welded tuffs. Their failure modes were also different. Fractures in the weakly welded tuffs developed gradually, while the strongly welded tuffs showed a higher brittleness with sudden failure. The results of this study shed light on the influence of the diagenetic environment on the mechanical properties of rock from a geological perspective and can provide a mechanical basis for rockfall risk evaluation in scenic areas of welded tuff.
Target-site and non-target site resistance mechanisms are associated with iodosulfuron resistance in Lolium perenne L.

ABSTRACT Resistance to iodosulfuron, a herbicide targeting acetolactate synthase (ALS), was identified and characterised in a population of Lolium perenne L. from Canterbury, New Zealand. The resistant population was 264 times more resistant to iodosulfuron than a susceptible population, based on a ratio of the rate corresponding to a 50% reduction in resistant and susceptible plant survival (R/S LD50). The resistant population was also 14-times more resistant to nicosulfuron, another ALS-inhibitor of the same class. However, no resistance to imazapyr, an ALS-inhibitor from a different chemical class, was detected in the resistant population. Pre-treatment with an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 reduced the level of iodosulfuron resistance to 46-fold in the resistant population, suggesting enhanced herbicide metabolism, a non-target site mechanism, contributed to resistance of this herbicide. In addition, a proline to leucine substitution at codon 197 was detected, suggesting a target-site-based mechanism was also associated with resistance to iodosulfuron. This is the first report on the resistance mechanisms to ALS-inhibiting herbicides identified in Lolium perenne in New Zealand and highlights the importance of integrated weed management approaches to reduce the likelihood of ALS-inhibitor herbicide resistance becoming more widespread.
Dependence of resonant coupling between surface plasmons and an InGaN quantum well on metallic structure

The authors demonstrate the metallic-structure dependent surface plasmon (SP) coupling behaviors with a blue-emitting InGaN∕GaN quantum well (QW), which is 10nm away from the metallic structures. The SP-QW coupling behaviors in the areas of semiconductor surface coated with silver thin film and silver nanoparticles are compared. It is found that both the suppression of photoluminescence (PL) intensity and the reduction of time-resolved PL (TRPL) decay time strongly depend on the metallic morphology. A phenomenological model of carrier relaxation in the SP-QW coupling process is built to fit the TRPL decay profiles for calibrating the reasonable decay time constants of carrier and SP.
Dynamics of the τ-Wigner distribution function

Some of the non-classical distribution functions defined on the phase space can be unified owing to specific parameterization. The latter allows one to think about the general form of the equation of motion (EOM) for such parameterized distribution functions. Motivated by this idea, we derive the EOM for so-called the τ-Wigner distribution function (WDF). This parameterization directly results from a modification of the linear transformation of the spatial variables which is used to derive the original WDF and its EOM. The derived equation is analytically solved for the case of linear potential. The point symmetries of this last equation are also analyzed.