Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Water-quality data from two agricultural drainage basins in northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois: III. biweekly data, 2000-2002

Methods of data collection and results of analyses are presented for biweekly water-quality data collected from two nearby agricultural drainage basins in northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois, the Iroquois River and Sugar Creek. Over the course of 28 months, from February 2000 to June 2002, 110 discrete samples were collected from a single sampling site on each drainage in northwestern Indiana. Data were collected for nutrients, including nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, total dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus; major inorganic constituents (excepting bicarbonate and carbonate); trace elements; suspended sediment; dissolved trace gases; and chlorophyll-a concentrations. In addition, field measurements of pH, specific conductance, air and water temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentrations were collected for all sampling events. Introduction Scientists first recorded hypoxic, or low-oxygen, zones on the continental shelf of the northern Gulf of Mexico in the 1970s (Turner and Allen, 1982), and began systematic assessments of these zones in 1985 (Rabalais and others, 1991). Studies have concluded that nutrient loads being carried by the Mississippi River are one of the dominant causes of this hypoxia (Bierman and others, 1994; Justic and others, 1993, 1995a, b; Rabalais, 1998; Rabalais and others, 1996, 1998; Turner and Rabalais, 1991, 1994). Other studies (e.g., Antweiler and others, 1996a; Goolsby and others, 1999; Carey and others, 1999; Battaglin and others, 2001) determined that one of the chief sources of these nutrients within the Mississippi River was agricultural practices in the Upper Mississippi River basin (that part of the Mississippi River basin upstream from the confluence with the Missouri River, herein called UMRB). At the same time, various modeling programs (for instance, SPARROW, Smith and others, 1997; and Howarth and others, 1996) based on our present understanding of nutrient processing in streams, indicated that large amounts of nitrate should have been removed by natural denitrification reactions within the surface waters of the UMRB, especially in the headwaters of small streams before reaching the Gulf of Mexico. These models indicated that nitrate concentrations in some parts of the UMRB should be lower than they are based on current understanding. The apparent inconsistencies between the model results and observations led the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to undertake a study, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, to determine the sources and fate of nitrogen in representative headwater streams of the UMRB. Accordingly, two small predominantly agricultural drainage basins of the Illinois River (one of the chief tributaries of the Mississippi River in the UMRB) in northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois were selected for in-depth, intense study. Two sites were selected on the Iroquois River and one of its tributaries, Sugar Creek, both in northwestern
Does lateral approach preserve the right ventricular function after HeartMate 3 insertion?

Abstract OBJECTIVES Lateral thoracotomy (LT) approach may preserve the right ventricular (RV) function after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. This study evaluated the short- and long-term RV function using echocardiography after LVAD implantation via LT or median sternotomy (sternotomy). METHODS The patients who underwent HeartMate 3 implantation were retrospectively reviewed. The RV function was assessed before and 1 month and 1 year after LVAD implantation. The primary and secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality and a composite of death or readmission due to RV failure, respectively. RESULTS Of the 195 patients, 55 (28%) underwent LT and 140 (72%) underwent sternotomy. There were no significant differences in the preoperative RV geometry or function. One month after the LVAD implantation, the LT group had a smaller RV end-diastolic dimension [42 (29–48) vs 47 (42–52) mm; P = 0.003] and RV end-diastolic area [25 (21–28) vs 29 (24–36) cm2; P < 0.001] and a greater RV fractional area change [30 (25–34)% vs 28 (23–31)%; P = 0.04] and peak systolic tissue velocity [8 (7–9) vs 7 (6–8) cm/s; P = 0.01]. Twenty-four patients died and 46 met the composite end point. Kaplan–Meier curve analysis did not reveal significant differences between LT and sternotomy in the 2-year survival (93% vs 83%; log-rank test, P = 0.28) and adverse event rate (76% vs 71%; log-rank test, P = 0.65). CONCLUSIONS LT approach yielded a better-preserved RV function at 1 month; however, there were no significant differences in the 2-year survival and adverse event rates.
Study on effect of soil temperature on FDR soil moisture sensor in frozen soil

The effect of soil temperature on FDR soil moisture sensor near freezing point was analyzed under frozen and unfrozen conditions based on datum including frozen soil, soil temperature and soil moisture from automatic FDR soil moisture monitor at Anyang and Sanmenxia between 1st Dec. 2010 and 20th Feb. 2011. Results revealed that: The cycle of soil temperature caused corresponding periodical variation of volume water content monitored by FDR sensor, and the amplitude was larger in frozen days than that in unfrozen days. Between 0°C~10°C, soil temperature affect FDR sensor results linearly, temperature correction coefficient of GStar-1 sensor is 0.16% (v/v) every degree, similar with coefficient of PR2 from Delta-T. Temperature affects FDR sensor results exponentially below 0°C. FDR sensor can be used in automatic frozen soil observation after the standard of unfrozen water content was defined in frozen soil.
Net‐to‐gross from AI‐SI and AI‐GI crossplotting: a rock properties analysis using data from Horn Mountain, deep‐water Gulf of Mexico

Vernik and Fisher (2001) showed, from a rock properties perspective, a methodology for accurately predicting netto-gross (N/G) using AI-SI crossplotting. Vernik et. al. (2001) then applied their methodology successfully to seismic-derived AI and SI in the Horn Mountain region, deep-water Gulf of Mexico. Whitcombe and Fletcher (2001) showed AI-Gradient Impedance (AI-GI) crossplotting as a means for optimizing both fluidand lithology-related impedances. AI-SI and AI-GI crossplotting techniques both allow AVO behavior to be recognized and exploited in the impedance, rather than reflectivity, domain. However, any linear trends in AI-SI space become curved in AI-GI space; also certain assumptions required in the formulation of elastic impedance may limit the accuracy of predictions made from AI-GI. Therefore, this study was undertaken to examine, from strictly a rock properties perspective, the accuracy of predicting N/G from AI-GI crossplotting, using the Horn Mountain well log data. Both visual inspection of the crossplots and numerical comparisons of predicted N/G values show that the AI-SI and AI-GI crossplot approaches have similar accuracy.
Conservation Goals and Species Preservation: Uncertainty and Multiple Values

The author argues that species preservation should be deemphasized as an ecosystem management goal, due to its infeasibility in the context of rapid ecological change under plausible scenarios of global climate change. I argue that for neither reservation-based nor relocation-based strategies do the author’s arguments necessarily hold. Decisions about locating conservation areas and potentially managing population relocations will be made under significant uncertainty and in the presence of multiple values. The paper discusses the uncertainty associated with species distribution models and the question of whether conserving biodiversity in general and maintaining ecosystem services may, in some cases, depend strongly on species preservation goals. In the case of managed relocation, the author focuses on values that are destroyed by human intervention. However, I argue that these are not the only values at stake in these decisions, and that values of biocultural affiliation with particular species may play an important role in managed relocations.
Sprint and jump performances of female athletes are enhanced in the evening but not associated with individual chronotype

ABSTRACT Sprint and jump performances represent performance-determining parameters in individual and team sports. Fluctuations in performance depending on the daytime raise the question of the best time to train and compete. Given the scarce research on females, this study aimed to analyze the influence of daytime on sprint and jump performances and to investigate whether the performance difference is related to the chronotype. Thus, 23 female sports students completed a questionnaire to assess their chronotype followed by performing two 30 m sprints, 5 Repeated Jump Tests (5RJT), and countermovement jumps (CMJ) in the morning (7:00–9:00 h) and evening (17:00–19:00 h). Time after 5 m, 10 m, and 30 m during the sprints, reactive strength index (RSI) during the 5RJTs, and jump height during the CMJs were examined. The performance during the 30 m sprint (t(22) = 5.28, p < 0.01 moderate effect size: 0.50) and the two jump tests (5RJT: t(22) = 8.27, p < 0.01 large effect size: 0.95; CMJ: t(22) = 5.46, p < 0.01 moderate effect size: 0.79) were significantly better in the evening than in the morning. There was no significant correlation between chronotype and the time-of-day effect. The results should be considered when planning training and competition.
Policy Interventions to Address Health Impacts Associated with Air Pollution, Unsafe Water Supply and Sanitation, and Hazardous Chemicals

The purpose of the paper is to review the recent empirical literature relating to the quantification and valuation of the human health impacts of air pollution, hazardous chemicals, and unsafe water and sanitation, and their use in cost-benefit analysis, as an input to environmental policy decision-making. For each of these three environmental hazards, the nature and range of these health impacts are identified. The extent to which these impacts can, and have been, quantified and valued in monetary terms, is described. The use of this data in public policy-centred CBA is evaluated.The health impacts associated with particulates and low-level ozone, and quantified on the basis of epidemiological evidence, ranges from minor respiratory conditions to cardio-pulmonary related mortality. CBA that includes these impacts is an established feature of air quality regulation formulation in North America and Europe. Indeed, reduced mortality impacts have dominated the benefits included in many recent appraisals of such policy development, though the robust valuation of these impacts is still evolving.Heavy metals are associated with a variety of cancer impacts as well as on neurological development, renal dysfunction and a number of other impacts. These impacts are increasing being quantified and valued, in response to the requirement for more rigour arising from regulatory agencies in OECD countries. Increasingly sophisticated approaches to deal with the current attendant uncertainties are also being utilised.The health risks from unsafe water and sanitation derive from faecal contamination, bacteria and viruses and include gastroenteritis, diarrhoea amongst others. OECD countries use of quantified information relating to these risks in CBA is currently in the context of wastewater management, where benefit-cost ratios are sometimes found to be less than one. In contrast, in developing countries, health risks are included in the appraisal of water supply investments. In these countries, health risks are significant but generally not as important as time savings in the benefits side of the CBA, though the quantification and monetisation of health risks is often rather partial.
A high risk of postoperative periprosthetic femoral fracture in Dorr type C femurs: a retrospective cohort study with 10-year follow-up data and a preliminary monochromatic image analysis

Background: The authors applied Anatomique Benoist Girard II (ABG II) stems for total hip arthroplasty in some Dorr type C femurs as early attempts. Here, the authors compared the long-term follow-up results between ABG II stems and the ʻwell-performingʼ Corail stems and their monochromatic images. Methods: Among 3214 primary total hip arthroplasty records, 43 short ABG II stems and 67 standard-length Corail stems implanted in Dorr type C femurs were eligible and enrolled in this retrospective cohort study, with a mean follow-up of 10.3 years. Revision rates, Harris hip scores, and radiologic signs were compared. Spectral CT scans from a representative sample were obtained, and monochromatic images were reconstructed. A quantitative method was developed to measure the volume of the gap around stems. Patient-specific finite element analysis was conducted to investigate the strains. Results: The revision rate of ABG II stems was significantly higher than that of Corail stems (21 vs. 3%, P<0.05). In the monochromatic images, fewer spot-weld signs (2.2 vs. 3.4, P<0.05) and wider gaps around stems (1.64 cm3 vs. 0.13 cm3, P<0.05) were observed on average in the ABG II group. The mean maximum principal strains of the proximal femurs in the ABG II group were close to the yield strains and significantly larger than those in the Corail group (0.0052 vs. 0.0011, P<0.05). Conclusions: There was a high risk of postoperative periprosthetic femoral fracture for ABG II stems in Dorr type C femurs. Monochromatic images provided some insight into the failure mechanism. Level of Evidence: III
Blood lead level in Chinese adults with and without coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND The Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy study found that edetate disodium (disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) chelation therapy significantly reduced the incidence of cardiac events in stable post-myocardial infarction patients, and a body of epidemiological data has shown that accumulation of biologically active metals, such as lead and cadmium, is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, limited studies have focused on the relationship between angiographically diagnosed coronary artery disease (CAD) and lead exposure. This study compared blood lead level (BLL) in Chinese patients with and without CAD. METHODS In this prospective, observational study, 450 consecutive patients admitted to Beijing Anzhen Hospital with suspected CAD from November 1, 2018, to January 30, 2019, were enrolled. All patients underwent coronary angiography, and an experienced heart team calculated the SYNTAX scores (SXscore) for all available coronary angiograms. BLLs were determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometry and compared between patients with angiographically diagnosed CAD and those without CAD. RESULTS In total, 343 (76%) patients had CAD, of whom 42% had low (0−22), 22% had intermediate (23−32), and 36% had high (≥ 33) SXscore. BLLs were 36.8 ± 16.95 μg/L in patients with CAD and 31.2 ± 15.75 μg/L in those without CAD (P = 0.003). When BLLs were categorized into three groups (low, middle, high), CAD prevalence increased with increasing BLLs (P < 0.05). In the multivariate regression model, BLLs were associated with CAD (odds ratio (OR): 1.023, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.008−1.039; P = 0.0017). OR in the high versus low BLL group was 2.36 (95% CI: 1.29−4.42,P = 0.003). Furthermore, BLLs were independently associated with intermediate and high SXscore (adjusted OR: 1.050, 95% CI: 1.036–1.066; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION BLLs were significantly associated with angiographically diagnosed CAD. Furthermore, BLLs showed excellent predictive value for SXscore, especially for complex coronary artery lesions.
AUTOMATIC MATCHING AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION OF FREE-FORM LINEAR FEATURES FROM STEREO IMAGES

Also,surfaces constitutean importantlayer ofany GIS database. Abstract Withthegrowingavailabilityofhigh-resolutiondigitalcameras, Automatic matching of free-form linear features in overlapping the need for automatic and reliable surface reconstruction from large-scale imagery over urban areas still remains to be a imagery is becoming urgent. Automatic surface reconstruction problem in both the photogrammetric and computer vision from large-scale imagery over urban areas remains an unsolved communities. Although there is a variety of algorithms that problem in spite of the many efforts in the photogrammetric have been developed to solve this problem, reliable results are and computer vision fields. The complexity of the input imag- not always guaranteed. Differences in illumination conditions, ery and the ill-posed characteristics of that problem are among relief displacement, and occlusions are some of the factors themajor obstaclesencountered byresearchers. Thetraditional that make solving the matching problem more challenging. photogrammetric solution for surface reconstruction has three The deficiency of available techniques stems from the fact that basic steps. First, conjugate (matching) entities within overlap- they do not consider the perspective geometry of the imaging ping images are determined. The second step involves the system in the matching process. Moreover, it is usually determinationof therelativeorientation parameters(ROP)relat- assumed that conjugate entities are almost exact copies of ingthe twoimages ofastereo pair.Finally, matchedentitiesare each other (this is rarely the case). The need for a reliable projected into the stereo model using the derived ROP in step 2. algorithm that can handle large-scale imagery over urban Solving the correspondence problem is the most difficult step areas is growing, especially with the increasing availability within the surface reconstruction process. Strategies described of high-resolution aerial imagery. In this research, a new in the photogrammetric and computer vision literature for approach for automatic matching and three-dimensional finding conjugate entities within overlapping images include reconstruction of free-form linear features from stereo images area-based matching, feature-based matching, and relational is proposed. The suggested strategy is based on The Modified matching (Ackermann, 1984; Grimson, 1985; Rosenholm, Iterated Hough Transform (MIHT) for Robust Parameter 1987; Schenk, 1999). Estimation. MIHT relies on the mathematical relationship Automatic matching of distinct points is common in the between conjugate entities (the coplanarity condition when photogrammetric community. It usually starts by searching for dealing with a stereo pair). As a result, it overcomes problems interestingpoints thatsatisfy distinctness,stability,invariance, arising from relief displacements and/or occlusions. Moreover, uniqueness, and interpretability criteria. An extensive body of
Targeting of endothelial cells in brain tumours

Abstract Background Aggressive brain tumours, whether primary gliomas or secondary metastases, are characterised by hypervascularisation and are fatal. Recent research has emphasised the crucial involvement of endothelial cells (ECs) in all brain tumour genesis and development events, with various patterns and underlying mechanisms identified. Main body Here, we highlight recent advances in knowledge about the contributions of ECs to brain tumour development, providing a comprehensive summary including descriptions of interactions between ECs and tumour cells, the heterogeneity of ECs and new models for research on ECs in brain malignancies. We also discuss prospects for EC targeting in novel therapeutic approaches. Conclusion Interventions targeting ECs, as an adjunct to other therapies (e.g. immunotherapies, molecular‐targeted therapies), have shown promising clinical efficacy due to the high degree of vascularisation in brain tumours. Developing precise strategies to target tumour‐associated vessels based on the heterogeneity of ECs is expected to improve anti‐vascular efficacy.
A good egg: An evaluation of a social and behavior change communication campaign to increase egg consumption among children in Rwanda

Abstract Childhood malnutrition, which is endemic in rural areas of low‐income countries, leads to a host of deleterious outcomes such as poor cognitive development, low educational attainment and lower lifetime wages. Promoting the consumption of eggs among young children has emerged as a promising strategy to combat childhood malnutrition, though pathways to scale remain unclear. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of a social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) campaign combined with a program in which rural families purchased chickens on credit (poultry + SBCC; n = 769) relative to an arm in which families only received the poultry intervention (poultry only; n = 750), using a difference‐in‐difference estimation strategy with propensity score matching. The SBCC consisted of radio messages, in‐person training, text message reminders and posters. We found a relatively modest but statistically significant increase in the number of times per week respondents in the poultry + SBCC arm reported feeding eggs to children of 0.28 (p = 0.02) compared to the poultry‐only arm. The increase in egg feeding, however, was more pronounced for boys (0.42, p < 0.01) than for girls (0.14, p = 0.26). In addition, the campaign increased egg feeding more for those who were already feeding eggs to children (0.63, p < 0.01) than those who were not engaging in those practices at baseline (0.26, p < 0.01). However, the difference in these differences was not statistically significant. Future campaigns should ensure higher saturation of messaging and include specific messaging around the importance of feeding girls as well as boys. Campaigns seeking to scale up egg feeding quickly could potentially target the easier‐to‐reach segment of caregivers who already occasionally feed eggs to children though these might not be the neediest group.
Going Against the Flow: The Biopolitics of Dams and Diversions

Interactions with water are indicative not only of relationships between human groups but also of relationships with other species. In biopolitical economies few things express dominance over other species as clearly as damming and redirecting flows of water to give primacy to human needs. Yet despite growing opposition, dams—especially large ones—are still presented triumphantly, as symbols of successful nationhood and economic development. Building on ethnographic research in Australia, this chapter examines the allure of dams. It suggests that they represent not only a competition for wealth, but also an aspiration for control over life itself and the vitality of “living water. ”