Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple-Input Reset-and-Hold Control of Systems with Delay

Systems featuring one or more time delays constitute a notoriously challenging control problem, due to limitations such as the waterbed effect that are exacerbated by the delay. Nonlinear control strategies constitute one possible way to overcome some of these limitations, especially those related to performance. In this work, we consider a hybrid control strategy for multiple-input single-output (MISO) plants with time delay, based on a parallel arrangement of independent proportional-integral plus Clegg integrator (PI+CI) controllers using the reset-and-hold mechanism. We provide a formal model of the system in the Hybrid Inclusions (HI) framework, and its well-posedness and stability are studied. Additionally, we derive tuning rules that approximate a flat response after a single reset-and-hold action in first order systems. Finally, we apply these developments experimentally to the two-input single-output (TISO) temperature control of a heat exchanger in a food processing pilot plant.
Identification and Tracking of Coherent Agulhas Current Rings

of a dissertation at the University of Miami. Dissertation supervised by Professor Maria J. Olascoaga. No. of pages in text. (105) Recent advancements in nonlinear dynamical systems theory have led to the development of a methodology, called geodesic eddy detection, for the objective (i.e., frameindependent) framing and tracking of coherent Lagrangian eddies in two-dimensional unsteady flows. Such eddies have material boundaries that do not stretch or fold over long periods of time, thereby providing an explicit mechanism of transport of fluid and distinguished properties, such as temperature and salinity. Eddies identified from Eulerian criteria (e.g., as regions enclosed by streamlines where rotation dominates over strain instantaneously) do not possess this property as such criteria either depend on the choice of reference frame or fail to reveal long-term material response of the flow field. Applying geodesic eddy detection on surface currents derived from the over two-decade-long record of satellite altimetry measurements, we isolated coherent Lagrangian Agulhas Current rings capable of traversing the South Atlantic basin with no noticeable signs of filamentation. The rings are found to acquire material coherence from incoherent fluid away from the Agulhas retroflection region in the South Atlantic, revealing that their genesis mechanism differs substantially from the commonly accepted picture in which rings are shed from the Agulhas retroflection as a result of occasional occlusions. While ability of Agulhas rings in transporting fluid over long distances is confirmed, this is found to be more restricted than suggested by earlier assessments. First, coherent transport estimates are found to be small compared to estimates from Eulerian analysis. The reason for this is that Eulerian analysis significantly overestimates the volume of the coherently transported fluid. Second, the coherent transport estimates are smaller than the total Agulhas leakage reported in numerical studies. These conclusions remain unaltered by the discovery that Agulhas rings can be shielded by Atlantic Ocean water as a result of successive short-term material coherence regain events. In fact, while the volume of fluid trapped by these short-term shields is larger than that from a long-term material coherence assessment, the fraction of such volume traceable into the Indian Ocean is in general rather small.
Oxygen Loss on Disordered Li-Excess, Mn-Rich Li-Ion Cathode Li2MnO2F through First-Principles Modeling

Oxygen evolution energies were calculated for the {100}, {110}, {111}, and {112} type facets of the rock-salt-structured cation-disordered Li-excess, Mn-rich Li-ion (DRX) cathode Li2MnO2F at the fully lithiated, 25% delithiation, and 50% delithiation states. Our calculations showed that Li2MnO2F remains much more robust to O loss than its nonfluorinated counterparts, as has been shown in experimental work. In particular, the {110} and {112} facets are the most resilient against O loss. Focusing on the {100} type facet, which previous work has shown to be the most likely exposed facet of Li2MnO2F, it was found that higher proportions of Li in an O coordination shell lead to lower O evolution energy (ẼO) and facilitate O loss. It was also found that at higher states of delithiation, surface fluorine had a weaker effect in increasing ẼO, meaning the protective effect of F against O loss is more effective at higher lithiation states. Electronic structure chemical bonding analysis revealed weaker bonding interactions between Li and O correlated with lower ẼO and hence a higher propensity for surface O loss.
Implications of Rectal Cancer Radiotherapy on the Immune Microenvironment: Allies and Foes to Therapy Resistance and Patients’ Outcome

Simple Summary The efficiency of (chemo-)radiotherapy for rectal cancer is not only determined by the impact on the tumor cells themselves but also by the highly individual surrounding tumor microenvironment, including immune cells. However, many aspects of the radiation-induced immune response remain to be fully understood. This review summarizes existing literature about the effects of (chemo-)radiotherapy on the rectal cancer immune microenvironment, which can be both tumor-suppressive or pro-tumorigenic, by either promoting an effective anti-tumor immune response or mediating resistance. We further aim to highlight potential immune-modulating combination therapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, that offer individualized approaches to target the heterogeneous tumor immune microenvironment. Abstract Aside from surgical resection, locally advanced rectal cancer is regularly treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Since the concept of cancer treatment has shifted from only focusing on tumor cells as drivers of disease progression towards a broader understanding including the dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME), the impact of radiotherapy on the TME and specifically the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is increasingly recognized. Both promoting as well as suppressing effects on anti-tumor immunity have been reported in response to rectal cancer (chemo-)radiotherapy and various targets for combination therapies are under investigation. A literature review was conducted searching the PubMed database for evidence regarding the pleiotropic effects of (chemo-)radiotherapy on the rectal cancer TIME, including alterations in cytokine levels, immune cell populations and activity as well as changes in immune checkpoint proteins. Radiotherapy can induce immune-stimulating and -suppressive alterations, potentially mediating radioresistance. The response is influenced by treatment modalities, including the dosage administered and the highly individual intrinsic pre-treatment immune status. Directly addressing the main immune cells of the TME, this review aims to highlight therapeutical implications since efficient rectal cancer treatment relies on personalized strategies combining conventional therapies with immune-modulating approaches, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors.
What does PISA Assess in Reading Literacy? Misconceptions and Misuses

In the 21st century, international interaction in social, economic, cultural, and educational fields has increased. Consequently, international standards have become essential in national education policies, reforms, and practices. As an international assessment, PISA has started to function as a prominent tool in this regard. However, the impact of PISA differs across the participating countries, depending on how the concept, methodology, and practices are handled. One of the domains where this difference is seen is reading literacy. Although this domain expresses a broader and richer phenomenon, the content and scope of the concept are not accurately understood, and its influences vary across the participating countries. In Türkiye, reading literacy is mainly considered and discussed in the scope of Turkish language lessons. This perspective, which focuses on the Turkish language lessons, leads to misunderstanding of the issue and the inaccurate change and transformation of the curriculum and content. Attempting to succeed in this domain through test language lessons deepens the problems instead of solving them. In this article, misconceptions and misuses about reading literacy are explained based on a literature review, and it is pointed out that reading literacy should be addressed in a broader context, including the curricula of other subjects, rather than test language lessons.
The Brevity of Hydrothermal Fluid Flow Revealed by Thermal Halos around Giant Gold Deposits: Implications for Carlin-Type Gold Systems

The duration of hydrothermal activity required to form ore deposits is poorly constrained. We demonstrate that thermochronology data, coupled with thermal modeling, can be used to constrain the duration of hydrothermal fluid flow. Apatite fission-track (AFT) thermochronology data define a conductive halo around an Eocene hydrothermal system that formed the Betze-Post gold deposit on the northern Carlin trend in Nevada. The premineralization Goldstrike stock acted as an essentially impermeable side to the auriferous Carlin hydrothermal system. The hydrothermal fluid conductively heated the intrusion over the time that it flowed past it. To derive first-order estimates for the maximum duration of this flow we numerically modeled one-dimensional conductive heat flow into the intrusion and used the results to forward model ensuing AFT annealing. Modeled levels of annealing were compared to AFT dates and track length data measured across the intrusion. Our results indicate that the episode of main ore-stage hydrothermal fluid flow (mean temperature of 200°C) that formed the ~1,150 metric ton (t) Betze-Post gold deposit had a maximum duration of <15 to 45 ka. The average gold flux over this period was ~80 to 30 kg yr−1, comparable to that measured in the deep reservoirs of several modern geothermal fields. Conservative estimates of gold concentration in the main ore-stage fluids imply that fluid upflow rates and total advective heat flow were also comparable to modern geothermal systems. This suggests that the most important factors for generating the large gold deposits of the northern Carlin trend were a large and/or continuous source of gold, and a very efficient means of removing it from the fluid, rather than the hydrologic system itself. The short duration of main ore-stage fluid flow is unlikely to represent a steady-state convective system. Instead, it most likely reflects a transient period of flow following slip and permeability generation along the steeply dipping Post-Genesis fault system that hosts many of the deposits along the northern Carlin trend. A sudden increase in the permeability of a fault may have led to a transitory period of peak fluid temperature as the fault initially tapped meteoric fluid that had resided at depth and had thermally equilibrated with the host rocks. With continued convection the flow drew cooler, less rock-buffered meteoric water down from higher in the system.
Circulating Blood Lymphocytes and Acute Pancreatitis Severity: A Systematic Review

Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas with high prevalence and varying degrees of severity that can be potentially life-threatening. Much is still unknown about which mechanisms determine the course and severity of acute pancreatitis. The primary objective of this review is to identify the potential association between circulating lymphocytes and the severity of acute pancreatitis. A systematic search was performed in Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrails.gov. The authors independently did the selection process as well as data extraction that was recorded into a flow diagram following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Our initial search identified 27,783 studies which were narrowed down to 13 by applying strict inclusion and exclusion algorithms. The consistent findings across the studies indicated that peripheral blood lymphocytes are related to acute pancreatitis severity.
Scenario of Water Bodies (Lakes) In Urban Areas- A case study on Bellandur Lake of Bangalore Metropolitan city

Environment is made up of natural factors like air, water and land. Each and every human activities supports directly/indirectly by natural factors. India is facing a problem of natural resource scarcity, especially of water in view of population growth and economic development. Due to growth of Population, advancement in agriculture, urbanization and industrialization has made surface water pollution a great problem and decreased the availability of drinking water. Many parts of the world face such a scarcity of water. Lakes are important feature of the Earth's landscape which are not only the source of precious water, but provide valuable habitats to plants and animals, moderate hydrological cycles, influence microclimate, enhance the aesthetic beauty of the landscape and extend many recreational opportunities to humankind . For issues, perspectives on pollution, restoration and management of Bellandur Lake Falls under Bangalore Metropolitan city is very essential to know their status but so far, there was no systematic environmental study carried out. Hence now the following studies are essential namely Characteristics, Status, Effects (on surrounding Groundwater, Soil, Humans health, Vegetables, Animals etc.,), resolving the issues of degradation, preparation of conceptual design for restoration and management.
GROUND WATER IN GRANITE ROCKS AND TECTONIC MODELS

A systematic study has been carried out concerning ground water in faults and fractures in a granite rock and the results are compared with those of uniaxial testing of granite specimens in rock mechanic laboratories. Dikes of diabase intersect the granite and indicate the plane of deformation syntectonic to the dikes. A collection of the tectonic data from the granite is statistically treated and the tectonic picture of the area fits very well into the deformation plane, indicated by the intrusion (Jotnian). The faults and fractures of the granite are, according to their position in relation to the plane of deformation, hypothetically interpreted as tension and shear faults. The faults in shear position are supposed to be tight and have very little ground water. The tension faults, on the other hand, are supposed to be open and to be capable of a high yield of ground water. This hypothesis is tested by core-drillings, percussion drillings and test pumping.
A new 3D seismic acquisition system for very high and ultra high resolution shallow water studies

give the system a full wingspan of 14 m and provide spatial control for the spread of eight dual-channel streamers. The streamers are 7.5 m long, with a channel spacing of 2 m and two hydrophones per channel (hydrophone spacing of 0.25 m). The streamers are towed a few metres behind the modules, the distance depending on the desired offset. The surface-towed frames are kept under air pressure (± 0.5 bar), which allows convenient deployment and recovery by inflation and deflation. The inflatable frames are made of flexible hose of 10 cm diameter. Each frame consists of two length-wise floats connected by three cross-wise floats, the latter curving upwards in order to reduce contact with the water (Fig. 1). Their form has been pre-shaped to increase the rigidity of the frames. The use of a modular system allows the dimensions of the acquisition system to be varied, by simply increasing or decreasing the number of modules and streamers. The central RIB has a catamaran structure to ensure optimum stability at sea, and it is wide enough to allow ample storage of the modular frames. Furthermore, the positioning antenna can be placed on it. The antenna is normally installed on the rear of the boat, near the source and streamers, in order to reduce relative positioning errors to a minimum. The source (IKB SEISTEC, a wide-band electrodynamic boomer with a dominant frequency of 23 kHz) is towed closely behind the RIB. The system is typically deployed from smallto mediumsized vessels, preferably with an A-frame or small crane. All components are folded within the RIB, and once deployed at the correct distance behind the vessel the modules are inflated. A central rope fixed to the RIB is used for towing with additional lines attached to the module tips, ensuring a good array layout. After the survey, the modules are deflated and rolled (with the streamers) inside the RIB, which is placed on the deck of the vessel. In protected waters (harbour areas, rivers, canals and lakes) and in the absence of strong currents, the system can also be used autonomously. To this end the central RIB is converted into a survey vessel unit with twin engines and a 1Renard Centre of Marine Geology, Geological Institute, University of Gent, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B-9000 Gent, Belgium. Introduction
An assessment of abundance, diet, and cultural significance of Mexican gray wolves in Arizona

All resident wolves (Canis lupus), including at least two subspecies of gray wolf, were exterminated in Arizona roughly between 1930 and 1964. I synthesized information regarding fossil records, taxonomy, genetics, historical distribution, habitat, and diet of gray wolves in Arizona. Gray wolves were present in the southwest since at least the late Pleistocene. Early taxonomic classifications of gray wolves recognized three subspecies of wolves in Arizona: C. l. youngi as the most northerly wolf in Arizona, C. l. mogollonensis in central Arizona, and C. l. baileyi southern Arizona. Both morphometric and genetic evidence support the distinctiveness of C. l. baileyi. Historical records of wolves included the Chiricahua, Huachuca, Dos Cabezas, Peloncillo, Winchester, Rincon, Whetsone, Galiuro, Pinaleno, Santa Catalina, Santa Rita, Dragoon, Mule, Patagonia, Canelo Hills, Atascosa-Pajarito, and Baboquivera mountains in southern Arizona and scattered locations from the Mogollon Mountains northwest to the Grand Canyon in central and northern Arizona. Historically the primary native prey of Mexican gray wolves in southeastern Arizona and Mexico was deer (Odocoileus hemionus, O. virginianus, O. v. couesi). Collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu), antelope (Antilocapra americana), bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni), rodents, and bird species were also thought to have been native prey of Mexican wolves. Wolves in northern Arizona most
Electrodermal Activity for Emotion Recognition Using CNN and Bi-GRU Model

Several signals can be collected from wearable devices containing important physiological and psychological information. Understanding various physiological signals is significant for computers to recognize human emotional states. Electrodermal Activity (EDA), originating from the spontaneous activation of sweat glands in the skin, is closely related to mood, arousal, and attention and is the most widely used measurement in the physiological response system for emotional state detection. However, extracting valuable features from EDA signals and making accurate emotional classification predictions has always been challenging. With the continuous development of models with representation learning capabilities, the use of deep learning models to automatically learn physiological signal features and perform classification learning is promising. In order to improve the shortcomings of traditional emotion recognition methods, which require a deep understanding of physiological signals and artificial extraction of relevant features, this paper proposed a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) -based method for automatic feature extraction from EDA's spectrograms. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used to learn the extracted features further and output the determined emotional state. The results show that the classification accuracy for arousal and valence has reached 83.4% and 81.2%, respectively, which is promising in extracting features automatically and tackling the emotional state classification problem.
OSCAR: A Contention Window Optimization Approach Using Deep Reinforcement Learning

The contention window (CW) has a significant impact on the efficiency of Wi-Fi networks. Unfortunately, the basic access method employed by 802.11 networks does not scale well for increasing number of stations. Therefore, in this paper we propose a new CW control method which leverages Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to learn the optimal policies under different network conditions. For this reason, we propose the Online Smart Collision Avoidance Reinforcement learning (OSCAR) algorithm, a DRL-based algorithm that can be deployed online to quickly and efficiently find the best contention window that maximizes the throughput. We also demonstrate through a simulation campaign that it is able to learn the optimal policies way faster than the current state of art methods while also being able to keep the computational cost low.
Population, Demography and Nighttime Lights An examination of the effects of population decline on settlement patterns in Europe

Nighttime satellite photographs of Earth reveal the location of lighting and provide a unique and highly accurate view of human settlement, density and distribution. Nighttime lights have been shown to correlate with economic development and population worldwide. Little research has been done on the link between nighttime lights and population change over time. This link is explored here for Europe between the period of 1992 and 2012 using GIS and regression analysis. This thesis examines whether population change, and specifically population decline, is reflected in nighttime lights or whether other demographic developments which have accompanied population decline in Europe are better reflected in nighttime lights. The results suggest that population decline in Europe is not coupled with decline in nighttime lights. Demographic and structural changes consistent with population decline in Europe may contribute to the divergence between population and nighttime lights. The age structure of the population and the GDP show correlation with lighting during periods of growing and declining population. These results suggest that human settlement distribution in Europe is more closely related to the age structure of the population and to GDP than to the size of the population and that declining populations will not lead to reductions in the human footprint on Earth.
Developing children’s humanity: the unique and interactive role of parents’ and peers’ humanity

Abstract The present study investigated the unique and interactive role of parents’ and peers’ humanity virtue (i.e. kindness, love, and social intelligence) in association with children’s humanity. The participants were 761 fourth- to ninth-graders (M age = 12.62; 45.2% boys) and their biological parents. The humanity subscale of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Adults (VIA-IS) and Youth (VIA-Youth) was used to measure the humanity of each party. The results showed that mothers’ and fathers’ kindness were associated with children’s kindness, mothers’ love and fathers’ social intelligence were associated with children’s love and social intelligence, respectively. All three dimensions of the humanity of peers were positively related to that of children. Two-way interactions were found between mother and peer systems and displayed distinct interaction patterns in terms of kindness and love. Possible explanations and directions for future research are discussed.