Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BENTONITE-SAND MIXTURES AS BUFFER MATERIALS

ABSTRACT For the purpose of establishing the method for estimating in-situ mechanical behavior of artificial buffer materials, stress-deformation behavior of bentonite-sand mixtures were investigated through oedometer test, consolidated undrained triaxial compression test and expansive stress-strain measuring test by changing the clay content as 30, 50, 70 and 100%, and by changing the range of initial dry density of mixture from 1.4 to 1.8 g/cm3. Oedometer test results suggest that the magnitude of consolidation yield stress almost coincides with the maximum expansive stress (p′s)max irrespective of bentonite-sand mix proportion, initial density of mixture and the magnitude of molding stress at the specimen making. Strong correlation between consolidation stress and initial tangent modulus during undrained triaxial compression test is observed, and it is found that the reduction rate of rigidity is hardly dependent on the specimen making method, molding stress and the consolidation stress. From the two series of expansive stress-strain measuring tests, it is recommended to perform the measurement of expansive stress by feed back system with the load cell installed at the base of the specimen. A unique relationship is found between the maximum expansive stress (p′s)max versus bentonite specific volume vb, which is defined as the specific volume calculated by excluding the volume of sand particles. The line showing the unique log vb versus log (p′s)max relationship can be recognized as the state boundary line prescribing one-dimensional expansive stress-strain behavior of the bentonite-sand mixtures.
STUDY OF THE ATTRACTOR STRUCTURE IN AN AGENT-BASED SOCIOLOGICAL MODEL

In the last decade, econophysics and sociophysics models have attracted the attention of physicists, due to the current availability of great amounts of data and computing power. The Sznajd model simulates the propagation of opinions in a society, using an agent-based approach. It has been successfully employed in modeling some properties and scale features of both proportional and majority elections [Bernardes et al.] [Costa Filho et al.], but its stationary states are always consensus states. Seeking to explain more complicated behaviours in an unified way, we have modified the bounded confidence idea, found in other opinion models [Deffuant et al.], to allow for complex opinion interactions. The attractor structure of the resulting model can be solved in a mean-field approach and Monte Carlo simulations in a Barabási-Albert network show great similarities with the mean-field, for the tested cases of 3 and 4 opinions [Timpanaro & Prado].
Geomagnetic fields produced by electrokinetic sources.

Fluid motion in the vicinity of boundary separating regions of different streaming potential coefficients can produce an external magnetic field. We give analytical solutions of magnetic field for horizontally, vertically and diagonally discontinuous earth models and investigate the effect of source geometry. In general, the vertical component of the magnetic field is the largest, and the component parallel to the strike of the source is very sensitive to the dip angle of the source. We apply our analytical solutions to the magnetic anomalies observed during the swarming Matsushiro earthquakes in 1965 and 1966. MIZUTANI and ISHIDO (1976) proposed an electrokinetic mechanism for the magnetic anomalies observed at Matsushiro, but they did not specify the cause of the electric current flow. We concretely examine the Mizutani and Ishido's hypothesis, using an electrokinetic source in inhomogeneous media. We conclude that it is difficult to explain the observed magnetic anomalies by the electrokinetic coupling.
Estimation and application of near‐surface full waveform redatuming operators

Land seismic data quality can be severely affected by near‐surface anomalies. The imprint of a complex near‐surface can be removed by redatuming the data to a level below the surface, from where the subsurface structures are assumed to be relatively smooth. However, to derive a velocity‐depth model that explains the propagation effects of the near‐surface is a non‐trivial task. Therefore, an alternative approach has been proposed, where the redatuming operators are obtained in a data‐driven manner from the reflection event related to the datum. In the current implementation, the estimation of these redatuming operators is done in terms of traveltimes only, based on a high‐frequency approximation. The accompanying amplitudes are usually derived from a local homogeneous medium, which is obviously a simplification of reality. Such parametrization has produced encouraging results in the past but cannot completely remove the near‐surface complexities, leaving artefacts in the redatumed results. In this paper we propose a method that estimates the redatuming operators directly from the data, i.e., without using a velocity model, in a full waveform manner, such that detailed amplitude and phase variations are included. The method directly outputs the inverse propagation operators that are needed for true‐amplitude redatuming. Based on 2D synthetic data it is demonstrated that the resulting redatuming quality is improved and artefacts are reduced.
Correlation-based cloud detection and an examination of the split-window method

Twenty-six daytime NOAA-11/AVHRR images covering the Danish waters are analyzed together with 99 cloud-free bulk temperature measurements. The images are cloud screened with a cloud-detection algorithm, which among other tests is based on a correlation test between channels 2, 4, and 4-5. This correlation test is capable of distinguishing cold water pixels from cloud pixels. According to the split-window hypothesis, the channel 4-5 brightness temperatures should increase, and the channel 4 brightness temperatures should decrease with the radiation path. These split-window assumptions are examined, and the channel 4-5 difference does not seem to carry significant information about the true sea surface temperature.
The wrong use of FESTA trapdoor functions leads to an adaptive attack

Isogeny-based cryptography is one of the candidates for post-quantum cryptography. In 2023, Kani’s theorem breaks some isogeny-based schemes including SIDH, which was considered as a promising post-quantum scheme. Though Kani’s theorem damaged isogeny-based cryptography, some researchers try to dig into the applications of Kani’s theorem. A FESTA trapdoor function is an isogeny-based trapdoor function that is one trial to apply Kani’s theorem to cryptography. The claim of this paper is that there is an adaptive attack if the FESTA trapdoor function is used without checking whether the matrix in the input is correct. In this paper, we provide an adaptive attack for FESTA trapdoor functions using a specific oracle. Our attack reveals the secret key of the function. This oracle may be constructed if FESTA trapdoor functions are used in the wrong way ( i.e., without the checking process of the matrix). As an example, we explain that our attack can be adapted to a possible PKE scheme based on FESTA trapdoor functions in the wrong way. Our attack cannot be adapted to IND-CCA PKE schemes named FESTA proposed in the FESTA original paper.
PERL in Diabetes Study : A Randomized Double-Blinded Trial of Allopurinol d Rationale , Design , and Baseline Data

prevalence of diabetes has led to a growing number of people with DKD (1). Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD LMC Diabetes & Endocrinology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department ofMedicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA BCDiabetes, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Division of Geriatrics, Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA Maryam Afkarian, Sarit Polsky, Afshin Parsa, Ronnie Aronson, Maria Luiza Caramori, David Z. Cherney, Jill P. Crandall, Ian H. de Boer, Thomas G. Elliott, Andrzej T. Galecki, Allison B. Goldfine, J. Sonya Haw, Irl B. Hirsch, Amy B. Karger, Ildiko Lingvay, David M. Maahs, Janet B. McGill, Mark E. Molitch, Bruce A. Perkins, Rodica Pop-Busui, Marlon Pragnell, Sylvia E. Rosas, Peter Rossing, Peter Senior, Ronald J. Sigal, Catherine Spino, Katherine R. Tuttle, Guillermo E. Umpierrez, AmishaWallia, Ruth S. Weinstock, Chunyi Wu, Michael Mauer, and Alessandro Doria,
Rituximab versus Tocilizumab in anti-TNF inadequate responder patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (R 4 RA): a stratified, biopsy-driven, multi-centre

Rivelles e , Felice, S u r a c e, Ann a E. , Gold m a n n, Kat rion a, Sci acc a , Elisa b e t t a , Cu b uk, Ca nc u t , Giorli, Giovan ni, John, Chris top h e r R, N e rvia ni, Aless a n d r a , Foss a ti-Jimack, Lilian e, Tho r bo r n, Geo r gin a , Ahm e d, M a nzoor, P r e dile t to, Edo a r do, Ch u rc h, S a r a h E. , H u d so n, Bria n a M. , War r e n, S a r a h E, M cKeigu e, Pa ul M. , H u m by, F r a n c e s, Bom b a r die ri, Mic h ele, Ba r n e s, Mich a el R. , Lewis, Myles J., Pi tzalis, Cons t a n tino, Dur ez, Pa t rick, Buc h, M ay a B. , Rizvi, H a s a n, M a h to, Arti, Mo n t ec uccio, Ca rlo m a u rizio, Lau w e rys, Be r n a r d , N g, N o r a , H o, Pa uline, Ro m ao, Vasco C, Ca b r al d a Fons ec a , João E u rico, Versc h u e r e n , Pa t rick, Kelly, S t e p h e n, S ain a g hi, Pie r Paolo, Gen di, N a g ui, Das g u p t a , Bh ask ar, Ca uli, Albe r to, Reynolds, Pie ro, Ca n e t e , Jua n D. , Ra mi r ez, Julio, Celis, Ra q u el, Moot s, Rob e r t , Taylor, Pe t e r C. , E d w a r d s, Ch ris J., Is a ac s, John, S asie ni, Pe t er, Choy, E r n e s t ORCID: h t t p s://o rcid.o r g/000 0-0 0 0 3-4 4 5 9-8 6 0 9, Tho m p so n, Ch a rlo t t e , Bug a t ti, S e r e n a , Bellan, M a t ti a , Con g a, M a t ti a, Hol royd, Ch ris top h er, P r a t t , Arth ur, Whit e , La u r a , War r e n , Louise, Peel, Joan n a, H a n d s, Reb e cc a a n d H a dfield, Gaye 2 0 2 2. Rituxim a b ve r s us tocilizu m a b in r h e u m a toid a r t h ri ti s: synovial biopsy-b a s e d bio m a rk e r a n alysis of t h e p h a s e 4 r 4 r a r a n do mize d t r i al. N a t u r e M e dicin e 2 8 , 1 2 5 6–12 6 8. 1 0.10 3 8/s4 1 5 9 1-0 2 20 1 7 8 9-0 file
Temporal variations of fluxes of NO, NO2, N2O, CO2, and CH4 in a tropical rain forest ecosystem

Fluxes of N2O, NO, NO2, CO2, and CH4 were measured with high temporal resolution for 3 months at a tropical rain forest site in Queensland, Australia, using automated measuring systems. During this period, representing the transition between dry and wet season, huge pulses of NO emissions from the soil exceeding 500 μg N m−2 h−1 were observed with the onset of the first rainfalls. The magnitude of fluxes was explained by intensive mineralization of accumulated litter from a previous long‐lasting dry period. The mean NO emission rate was 207.1 μg N m−2 h−1 (range: 0.1–773.8 μg N m−2 h−1) and thus ∼8 times higher as compared to N2O emissions (25.6 μg N m−2 h−1, range: 0–101.3 μg N m−2 h−1). NO and N2O emissions showed pronounced temporal variations, which were almost exclusively triggered by changes in soil moisture. Total NO and N2O losses summed to ∼3.5 kg N ha−1. Though a significant amount of the NO emitted from the soil was redeposited to the soil surface after its oxidation to NO2 (0.7 kg N ha−1), the observed magnitude of net NOx release from the soil indicates that NOx emissions from tropical rain forest ecosystems are seriously underestimated. The mean CO2 emission was 159.0 mg C m−2 h−1 (range: 36.3–284.8 mg C m−2 h−1) and thus >2 magnitudes higher than NO emissions. Among the C‐ and N‐trace gases measured, the temporal variability of CH4 uptake was the lowest. The mean uptake rate for CH4 was −23.8 μg C m−2 h−1 (range: −50.0–0 μg C m−2 h−1). The emission ratios of NO:N2O, CO2:N2O and CO2:NO varied substantially with time. During dry periods the NO‐N:N2O‐N ratio was as high as 60:1, whereas for wetter periods it decreased to <7:1. A comparable trend was also observed for the ratio between CO2‐C:N2O‐N emissions. The largest ratio of CO2‐C:NO‐N (>1500:1) was observed at intermediate soil moisture values.
Rapid modeling of the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku‐oki earthquake with seismogeodesy

Rapid characterization of finite fault geometry and slip for large earthquakes is important for mitigation of seismic and tsunamigenic hazards. Saturation of near‐source weak motion and problematic integration of strong‐motion data into displacements make this difficult in real time. Combining GPS and accelerometer data to estimate seismogeodetic displacement waveforms overcomes these limitations by providing mm‐level three‐dimensional accuracy and improved estimation of coseismic deformation compared to GPS‐only methods. We leverage collocated GPS and accelerometer data from the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku‐oki, Japan earthquake by replaying them in simulated real‐time mode. Using a novel approach to account for fault finiteness, we generate an accurate centroid moment tensor solution independently of any constraint on the slab geometry followed by a finite fault slip model. The replay of GPS and seismic data demonstrates that robust models could have been made available within 3 min of earthquake initiation.
Tuning reduction conditions to understand and control Ni exsolution from

Ceramic-supported metal catalysts formed by exsolution of metal nanoparticles from perovskites are promising materials for energy and chemical conversion applications. However, our incomplete understanding of the exsolution mechanism presents a roadblock to engineering exsolution nanoparticle properties. We investigated the in ﬂ uence of reduction conditions on the properties of Ni nanoparticles exsolved on the fracture surfaces of Sr
Interpretational applications of spectral decomposition in reservoir characterization

Spectral decomposition provides a novel means of utilizing seismic data and the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) for imaging and mapping temporal bed thickness and geologic discontinuities over large 3-D seismic surveys. By transforming the seismic data into the frequency domain via the DFT, the amplitude spectra delineate temporal bed thickness variability while the phase spectra indicate lateral geologic discontinuities. This technology has delineated stratigraphic settings (such as channel sands and structural settings involving complex fault systems) in 3-D surveys.
Seasonal patterns and controls on net ecosystem CO2 exchange in a boreal peatland complex

We measured seasonal patterns of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 in a diverse peatland complex underlain by discontinuous permafrost in northern Manitoba, Canada, as part of the Boreal Ecosystems Atmosphere Study (BOREAS). Study sites spanned the full range of peatland trophic and moisture gradients found in boreal environments from bog (pH 3.9) to rich fen (pH 7.2). During midseason (July‐August, 1996), highest rates of NEE and respiration followed the trophic sequence of bog (5.4 to −3.9 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1) < poor fen (6.3 to −6.5 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1) < intermediate fen (10.5 to −7.8 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1) < rich fen (14.9 to −8.7 μmol CO2m−2 s−1). The sequence changed during spring (May‐June) and fall (September‐October) when ericaceous shrub (e.g., Chamaedaphne calyculata) bogs and sedge (Carex spp.) communities in poor to intermediate fens had higher maximum CO2 fixation rates than deciduous shrub‐dominated (Salix spp. and Betula spp.) rich fens. Timing of snowmelt and differential rates of peat surface thaw in microtopographic hummocks and hollows controlled the onset of carbon uptake in spring. Maximum photosynthesis and respiration were closely correlated throughout the growing season with a ratio of approximately 1/3 ecosystem respiration to maximum carbon uptake at all sites across the trophic gradient. Soil temperatures above the water table and timing of surface thaw and freeze‐up in the spring and fall were more important to net CO2 exchange than deep soil warming. This close coupling of maximum CO2 uptake and respiration to easily measurable variables, such as trophic status, peat temperature, and water table, will improve models of wetland carbon exchange. Although trophic status, aboveground net primary productivity, and surface temperatures were more important than water level in predicting respiration on a daily basis, the mean position of the water table was a good predictor (r2 = 0.63) of mean respiration rates across the range of plant community and moisture gradients. Q10 values ranged from 3.0 to 4.1 from bog to rich fen, but when normalized by above ground vascular plant biomass, the Q10 for all sites was 3.3.
Visual Perception using OpenCV

: Visual Perception is related with detecting objects. Detection of the object is done by using YOLO network. There are multiple object detection algorithms like Fast-Convolutional Neural Network (Fast-CNN), Faster-Convolutional Neural Network(Faster-CNN), Regional-Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) that does not process the whole image at a time, but when compared to these, YOLO looks at the image completely and then passes it to the single network, which then predicts the bounding boxes using convolutional network and class probabilities for these bounding box and detects the image faster and accurately.
Effects of drought and subtidal sea-level variability on salt intrusion in a coastal karst aquifer

In many coastal regions, groundwater is the main water source for humans. However, because of population growth and sea-level rise, many coastal aquifers increasingly suffer from salt intrusion, especially in karstic areas where the high permeability and porosity of the rock favours salt penetration. We collected field data from a Mexican karst system to show that sea-level variability at low frequencies (subtidal) may induce salt penetration further inland and generate larger oscillations than those observed at tidal frequencies. Measurements of conductivity and pressure from inland wells (5 and 10 km) and from substantial (~1 m3 s–1) submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) at ~2-m depth entering a shallow ocean were analysed. We found that sea and piezometric levels co-oscillated at subtidal frequencies, with a correlation of 0.6 and a differential lag. Conductivity of the SGD resembled that of the aquifer. Intense droughts driven by the 2009 ‘El Nino’ event markedly increased the conductivity of the aquifer and its discharge. Our findings indicated that coastal land use and the consequences of climate change (i.e. sea-level rise and the alteration of rain patterns) on the Yucatan Penisula threaten water availability.
Sea surface temperature anomalies, planetary waves, and air‐sea feedback in the middle latitudes

The mechanisms that contribute to the generation and damping of large-scale mid-latitude sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are discussed. The SST anomalies reflect primarily the response of the upper ocean to the changes in air-sea fluxes that are associated with daily weather fluctuations. Heat flux forcing is dominant in the lower middle latitudes, while wind-driven entrainment may be most effective in the high latitudes; advection by anomalous Ekman current is generally less important, and Ekman pumping is negligible. The SST anomalies decay in part because of entrainment effects associated with mixed-layer deepening and oceanic mixing and in part because of heat exchanges with the atmosphere. The three approaches commonly used to model the evolution of SST anomalies are reviewed: case studies based on monthly or seasonal anomaly maps of the large-scale SST and atmospheric anomalies, numerical simulations with one-dimensional mixed-layer models, and stochastic forcing models. We stress the similarities in the different approaches and discuss their main advantages and limitations. The response of the atmosphere to mid-latitude SST anomalies is considered. First, we discuss the poorly known relationship between SST anomalies and diabatic heating. Using a crude assumption for the air-sea coupling, we consider a two-layer quasi-geostrophic channel model and discuss the stationary wave response to SST anomaly forcing and the resulting air-sea feedback. It is found that the back interaction of the SST anomalies onto the atmosphere causes a weak SST anomaly damping at large scales and a strong one at small scales; the air-sea coupling should also act as an eastward propagator for the SST anomalies. The response of more realistic linear wave models to prescribed diabatic heating is then reviewed, and it is suggested that realistic mid-latitude SST anomalies have a weak influence on the atmospheric circulation, corresponding to changes in the geopotential height of 10–30 m at most. This order of magnitude is consistent with the results of general circulation model experiments and with the limited climate predictability associated with mid-latitude SST anomalies.
Understanding the Mid-Holocene Climate

Abstract Paleoclimatic evidence suggests that during the mid-Holocene epoch (about 6000 yr ago) North America and North Africa were significantly drier and wetter, respectively, than at present. Modeling efforts to attribute these differences to changes in orbital parameters and greenhouse gas (GHG) levels have had limited success, especially over North America. In this study, the importance of a possibly cooler tropical Pacific Ocean during the epoch (akin to a permanent La Nina–like perturbation to the present climate) in causing these differences is emphasized. Systematic sets of atmospheric general circulation model experiments, with prescribed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical Pacific basin and an interactive mixed layer ocean elsewhere, are performed. Given the inadequacies of current fully coupled climate models in simulating the tropical Pacific climate, this intermediate coupling model configuration is argued to be more suitable for quantifying the contributions of the altered orbit.
Intrusion Characteristics in the Antarctic Polar Front

Abstract Data obtained on two cruises to the Antarctic Polar Front are used to investigate the nature of thermohaline intrusions in the front. These data, obtained in the Drake Passage and south of New Zealand, include CTD time series made relative to neutrally buoyant vertical-current meters, temperature data from these floats, and small-scale CTD sections. Analysis of these data is divided into a study of temporal persistence and an examination of the spatial structure of the intrusions. The study of intrusion time scales is hampered by the presence of large spatial gradients in the intrusion field. This study suggests that features are persistent for several days but additional measurements appear necessary to resolve the intrusion decay process. The length scales of intrusions are found to vary within the frontal zone. Near the region of maximum lateral gradients in the front, length scales of 5 to 10 km are observed, while elsewhere scales of only 1 km are found. It is suggested that these small, iso.