Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic Analysis Comparing Tumor-Associated Neutrophils with Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Normal Neutrophils

The role of myeloid cells in supporting cancer growth is well established. Most work has focused on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) that accumulate in tumor-bearing animals, but tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) are also known to be capable of augmenting tumor growth. However, little is known about their evolution, phenotype, and relationship to naïve neutrophils (NN) and to the granulocytic fraction of MDSC (G-MDSC). In the current study, a transcriptomics approach was used in mice to compare these cell types. Our data show that the three populations of neutrophils are significantly different in their mRNA profiles with NN and G-MDSC being more closely related to each other than to TAN. Structural genes and genes related to cell-cytotoxicity (i.e. respiratory burst) were significantly down-regulated in TAN. In contrast, many immune-related genes and pathways, including genes related to the antigen presenting complex (e.g. all six MHC-II complex genes), and cytokines (e.g. TNF-α, IL-1-α/β), were up-regulated in G-MDSC, and further up-regulated in TAN. Thirteen of the 25 chemokines tested were markedly up-regulated in TAN compared to NN, including striking up-regulation of chemoattractants for T/B-cells, neutrophils and macrophages. This study characterizes different populations of neutrophils related to cancer, pointing out the major differences between TAN and the other neutrophil populations.
A Review of the Underlying Concepts of Electronic Voting

Elections and voting are fundamental to any consens us-based society. They are one of the most critical functions of democracy. There are a n umber of voting systems adopted all over the world with each of them having its peculia r problems. The manual voting system still appears prominent among the developed and developing nations, but with considerations being given to an electronic alterna tive with a view to showing most of the short comings. Furthermore, with the increased inte rest and attention on e-government, e-democracy and e-governance, e-voting initiatives have gained more significance. Thus, many countries are piloting with various e-voting m odels and systems in order to enable voting from anywhere; also, international organisat ions are developing standards and recommendations in this area. This paper details a review of the underlying concepts of e-voting and discusses some of the salient issues o n the subject. Also, a review of common e-voting models, existing elections schemes and explanation of the usual terminologies associated with e-voting were present ed.
Application of Dynamic State Variable Models on Multiple-Generation Product Lines with Cannibalization across Generations

Multiple-generation product strategy is favored in a variety of markets. Instead of introducing a single product to the market, companies incline to introduce a line of multiple-generation products to the market to better utilize technology assets and resources in an elongated time span. For such product development and launch scenarios, cannibalization can occur however. That is, when a new product generation comes to the market, the current generation is not withdrawn from the market but remains in the market to compete with the new one. In this research, we propose a new framework to predict the sales and introduction timing for every product generation in a multiple-generation product line. Based on historical sales trend from a similar product of an existing and mature market, the proposed framework can effectively predict the performance of the entire product line over its lifecycle. In this study, we demonstrate a case study implementing the proposed framework on Apple Incorporation’s iPhone product line. The result shows that the forecast performance of the model is very close to real data.
Model atmospheres for low field neutron stars

We compute model atmospheres and emergent spectra for low field (B<10^10 G) neutron stars, using new opacity and equation of state data from the OPAL project. These computations, incorporating improved treatments of flux transport and convective stability, provide spectra for hydrogen, solar abundance and iron atmospheres. We compare our results to high field magnetic atmospheres, available only for hydrogen. An application to apparently thermal flux from the low field millisecond pulsar PSR J0437--4715 shows that H atmospheres fit substantially better than Fe models. We comment on extension to high fields and the implication of these results for neutron star luminosities and radii.
A thermal-diffusivity-based temperature sensor with an untrimmed inaccuracy of ±0.2°c (3s) from −55°c to 125°c

This paper describes a temperature sensor based on the thermal diffusivity of silicon. Its digital output is insensitive to both process spread and packaging stress and is a near-linear function of absolute temperature. The sensor's accuracy is mainly limited by lithographic resolution, and so benefits from Moore's Law. A sensor fabricated in a 0. 18µm CMOS process exhibits an untrimmed device-to-device inaccuracy of ±0.2°C (3s) from −55°C to 125°C. This is significantly better than that of similar sensors fabricated in a 0. 7µm CMOS process [1, 2].
EXPERIMENTATION OF “ ADVANCED INFTHEO ” MODULE FOR “ R ” ON THE EXAMPLE OF BIOMETRIC GENERATED SECRET KEY SHARING SYSTEM

Many information-theoretical results in practice are difficult to compute, because of the large volume of distributions. To perform computations of complex formulas of Information Theory authors have developed new module (Advanced Inftheo) for R language. For high performance the main functions of module use parallel algorithms and tools of C++ to dynamically and optimally allocate memory. In this paper we demonstrate some results of computations that are done by Advanced Inftheo module. As an example we compute and represent the lower and upper bounds of -achievable secret key rate of the biometric generated secret key sharing system obtained in [Haroutunian-Pahlevanyan, 2014]. -achievable secret key rate is the generalization of the secret key rate, studied by [IgnatenkoWillems, 2012].
Heritable diseases of the skeleton. Part I: Molecular insights into skeletal development‐transcription factors and signaling pathways 1

The recent identification of the genetic basis of hereditary skeletal disorders is providing important insights into the intricate processes of skeletal formation, growth, and homeostasis. These processes include patterning events during condensation and differentiation of mesenchymal cells to form cartilage precursors of the future bones, the replacement of cartilage by bones through endochondral ossification, the growth of long bones through proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in growth plates, and bone formation through differentiation of osteoblasts from mesenchymal cells in areas of intramembranous ossification. Defects in any of these processes can give rise to skeletal abnormalities. Mutations in transcription factors such as HOX and PAX and members of the transforming growth factor‐β superfamily cause disorders associated with abnormal mesenchymal con‐densation, whereas defects in the transcription factor SOX‐9 lead to abnormalities in chondrocyte differentiation. Abnormal growth plate function, resulting in dwarfism, is the consequence of mutations in receptors for fibroblast growth factors and parathyroid hormone‐related peptide. Premature closure of cranial sutures in intramembranous ossification is a feature of syndromes due to mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptors. —S. Mundlos, S. , Olsen, B. R. Heritable diseases of the skeleton. Part I: Molecular insights into skeletal de‐velopment‐transcription factors and signaling pathways. FASEB J. 11, 125‐132 (1997)
Sepsis and Inflammatory Insults Down Regulate IGFBP‐5, but not IGFBP‐4, in Skeletal Muscle via a TNF‐Dependent Mechanism

The present study determined whether catabolic stimuli that induce muscle atrophy alter the muscle mRNA abundance of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)‐4 and ‐5, and the physiological mechanism for such a change. Endotoxin (LPS) and sepsis decreased IGFBP‐5 mRNA time‐ and dose‐dependently in gastrocnemius. This reduction did not result from muscle disuse because hindlimb immobilization increased IGFBP‐5. Infusion of TNF decreased IGFBP‐5 mRNA 70% whereas pretreatment of septic rats with a neutralizing TNF binding protein completely prevented the reduction in muscle IGFBP‐5. Addition of LPS or TNF to cultured C2C12 myoblasts also decreased IGFBP‐5 expression. Although exogenous growth hormone (GH) increased IGFBP‐5 mRNA 2‐fold in muscle from control rats, muscle from septic animals was GH resistant and no elevation was detected. In contrast, IGF‐I administered as a binary complex composed of IGF‐I/IGFBP‐3 produced comparable increases in IGFBP‐5 mRNA in both control and septic muscle. Concomitant determinations of IGF‐I mRNA revealed a positive linear relationship between IGF‐I and IGFBP‐5 mRNA in the same muscle in response to LPS, sepsis, TNF, and GH treatment. Pretreatment of rats with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486 did not prevent the sepsis‐induced decrease in muscle IGFBP‐5 mRNA. Muscle IGFBP‐4 mRNA abundance was not altered by LPS, sepsis, or hindlimb immobilization. These data demonstrate that various inflammatory insults decrease muscle IGFBP‐5 mRNA, without altering IGFBP‐4, by a TNF‐dependent glucocorticoid‐independent mechanism. Finally, IGF‐I appears to be a dominant positive regulator of IGFBP‐5 gene expression in muscle under both normal and catabolic conditions. (GM‐38032 & T32 GM08619)
Analog Front End for 3 G Femto Base Stations Brings Wireless Connectivity Home

IntroDuCtIon Imagine a device that can provide high-quality cellular phone reception within your home, allowing you and your family unlimited voice and data usage for a low monthly fee. A femto base station, usually referred to as a femtocell, provides all that and more. This small wireless device, which improves local wireless coverage when placed in a home or office, is poised to dramatically change the wireless infrastructure landscape.
Rangelands on the Edge: Quantifying the modification, fragmentation, and future residential development of U.S. rangelands

Rangelands are increasingly urban, subdivided, and fragmented. About 62 percent of coterminous U.S. rangelands occur on private land and are at further risk for conversion. This Rangelands on the Edge (ROTE) project improves our understanding of the fate of rangelands from historical, present day, and future perspectives by describing human modification, fragmentation, and future residential growth projections for rangeland-dominated vegetation. Since preEuropean settlement, some 340 million acres (over 34 percent) of rangelands, particularly in the Great Plains, have been converted to alternative land uses, especially intensive agriculture (croplands, pastureland). Approximately 11 percent of private rangelands are likely to experience significant increases in housing development over the next 15 years.
2 D-3 D Registration using 2 D Distance Maps

This paper presents a fast pose estimation algorithm of a 3D free form object in 2D images using 2D distance maps. Some registration techniques using a silhouette image or a contour line have been proposed so far, but the calculation cost for determining point correspondences is considerably expensive. To overcome this problem, the proposed method utilizes a distance map on the 2D image plane, which is constructed quite rapidly by the Fast Marching Method. For pose estimation of the object, contour lines of the 2D image and the projection of the 3D object are aligned using the distance map iteratively by the robust M-estimator. Some experimental results with simulated models and actual images of the endoscopic operation are successfully carried out.
Newly isolated Nodularia phage influences cyanobacterial community dynamics

Cyanophages, that is, viruses infecting cyanobacteria, are a key component driving cyanobacterial community dynamics both ecologically and evolutionarily. In addition to reducing biomass and influencing the genetic diversity of their host populations, they can also have a wider community-level impact due to the release of nutrients by phage-induced cell lysis. In this study, we isolated and characterized a new cyanophage, a siphophage designated as vB_NpeS-2AV2, capable of infecting the filamentous nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium Nodularia sp. AV2 with a lytic cycle between 12 and 18 hours. The role of the phage in the ecology of its host Nodularia and competitor Synechococcus was investigated in a set of microcosm experiments. Initially, phage-induced cell lysis decreased the number of Nodularia cells in the cultures. However, around 18%-27% of the population was resistant against the phage infection. Nitrogen was released from the Nodularia cells as a consequence of phage activity, resulting in a seven-fold increase in Synechococcus cell density. In conclusion, the presence of the cyanophage vB_NpeS-2AV2 altered the ecological dynamics in the cyanobacterial community and induced evolutionary changes in the Nodularia population, causing the evolution from a population dominated by susceptible cells to a population dominated by resistant ones.
Semantic Role Labelling in Bilingual English-Vietnamese Corpus

Issue about Semantic Role Labelling (SRL) for bilingual has been studying on many popular languages as English, French, etc. However, Semantic Role Labelling tasks for unpopular languages as Vietnamese are currently limited, especially for making the most of semantic similarities on bilingual English-Vietnamese. In this paper, we propose a solution for Semantic Role Labelling tasks automatically on bilingual English-Vietnamese Corpus in order to take full advantages of the translations of cross-language lexicalization, but it also maintains the core elements of its semantic role. This system has used corpus from the Web to build sets associated with the ability to combine many different meaning words found in the corpus, and it has also used an unsupervised algorithm to label the semantic role in English, which based on semantic similarities through EnglishVietnamese corpus. Then, this system will automatically project labels from English to Vietnamese via available links.
An uncovered interest parity condition that worked - The continental investment demand for London bills of exchange during the gold standard (1880 -1914)

This paper examines an uncovered interest parity (UIP) condition that arguably held as regards the continental investment demand for London bills of exchange during the classical gold standard. At that time, practical guide books about the foreign exchanges explained in detail how exchange and interest rates were connected. For data covering the 1880 to 1914 period, modern econometric methods uncover indeed that the interest from discounting bills of exchange in the open money markets of Paris, Amsterdam, and to a large degree also Berlin, and the return from investing in London bills followed the postulated proportional relationship. This result is remarkable given the widespread rejection of the UIP with modern data.
Calcium Binding in the Pore of L-type Calcium Channels Modulates High Affinity Dihydropyridine Binding (*)

The pore-forming α1 subunit of L-type voltage-gated Ca channels contains a Ca-binding site that is allosterically coupled to the receptor site for dihydropyridine (DHP) Ca antagonists. Site-directed mutations of conserved Phe and Glu residues in the pore-lining SS1/SS2 segments greatly reduced Ca enhancement of DHP binding. Substitution of Phe-1013 in the α1 subunit from rabbit skeletal muscle (α) with Gly (F1013G) as in DHP-insensitive Ca channels caused a 4-fold decrease in sensitivity to Ca. Mutation of the Ca-binding residues Glu-1014 in domain III and Glu-1323 in domain IV to Gln (E1014Q and E1323Q) caused 11- and 35-fold decreases in sensitivity to Ca, respectively, as well as decreases in the maximal DHP binding affinities attained at optimal concentrations of Ca. DHP binding to the charge-reversal mutation, E1014K, had no sensitivity to Ca. Our results demonstrate that high affinity Ca binding to the Glu residues in the SS1/SS2 segments of domains III and IV of α stabilizes the DHP receptor site in its high affinity state. We propose a three-state model in which the affinity for DHPs is dependent on the presence of 0, 1, or 2 bound Ca ions at sites in the pore.
Questions To Be Answered 3 Definition of Terms 4 History of Reading 6 Issues in the Areas of Reading : The California Reading Initiative

The paper, on reading intervention, reviews literature and research which discuss students at risk of reading failure and/or students with mild reading disabilities. It uses as background the recommendations of the California Reading Initiative Task Force regarding the instruction of reading in the schools and the expectation that schools will develop effective reading intervention programs to serve students beginning no later than the middle of first grade. The characteristics and success rates of reading intervention programs which are currently being implemented in elementary schools are explored. The paper also focuses on researching successful school reading programs and discovering the characteristics which make reading instruction effective for at-risk students in all grades. A 22-item bibliography is attached. (NKA) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************************
Automotive Peripheral Vision Interface Deliver information to driver while operating an automobile

Both internal and external factors contribute to the complexity of the driving environment. Traffic conditions, intricate car management systems, a multitude of communication devices, and more demand increased levels of attention from drivers. Furthermore, in-car information displays are becoming cluttered and distracting. To address the distractions introduced by this information overload, we propose a way to display information in the driver's peripheral vision with less distraction. This paper investigates the potential of peripheral vision interface to deliver information to the driver while operating an automobile. Our field and experimental findings suggest that a successful implementation of such an information interface is possible. However, the driver's perception of information from a peripheral vision interface may be reduced due to cognitive load and optic flow stimuli used to present information. The results and possible future developments are discussed from the perspective of car design.
Aalborg Universitet Fuse Modeling for Reliability Study of Power Electronic Circuits

This paper describes a comprehensive modeling approach on reliability of fuses used in power electronic circuits. When fuses are subjected to current pulses, cyclic temperature stress is introduced to the fuse element and will wear out the component. Furthermore, the fuse may be used in a large variation of ambient temperature, e.g. in deserts and the accumulated damage in the fuse elements is gradually increasing due to thermo-mechanical stress that results in resistance increase and further unexpected failures. Consequently, the electrical characteristics of the fuse like I2t, breaking capacity, and rated voltage/current are opposed to shift in time to effect early breaking during the normal operation of the circuit. Therefore, in such cases, a reliable protection required for the other circuit components will not be achieved. The thermomechanical models, fatigue analysis and thermo-electrical models of fuses are presented by FEM simulations in order to identify the important factors affecting the performance of fuses at different ambient temperatures and cycling operation. Keywords—fatigue; finite element method; fuse; thermal stress; reliability.
CP Decomposition for Sparse Tensors

Tensor decomposition techniques such as CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) decomposition have achieved great success across a range of scientific fields. They have been traditionally applied to dense, static data. However, today’s datasets are often highly sparse and dynamically changing over time. Traditional decomposition methods such as Alternating Least Squares (ALS) cannot be easily applied to sparse tensors, due to poor efficiency. Furthermore, existing online tensor decomposition methods mostly target dense tensors, and thus also encounter significant scalability issues for sparse data. To address this gap, we propose a new incremental algorithm for tracking the CP decompositions of online sparse tensors on-the-fly. Experiments on nine real-world datasets show that our algorithm is able to produce quality decompositions of comparable quality to the most accurate algorithm, ALS, whilst at the same time achieving speed improvements of up to 250 times and 100 times less memory.
Biodemography of Exceptional Longevity: Early-Life and Mid-Life Predictors of Human Longevity

This study explores the effects of early-life and middle-life conditions on exceptional longevity using two matched case-control studies. The first study compares 198 validated centenarians born in the United States between 1890 and 1893 to their shorter-lived siblings. Family histories of centenarians were reconstructed and exceptional longevity validated using early U.S. censuses, the Social Security Administration Death Master File, state death indexes, online genealogies, and other supplementary data resources. Siblings born to young mothers (aged less than 25 years) had significantly higher chances of living to 100 compared to siblings born to older mothers (odds ratio = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.33–3.11, p = .001). Paternal age and birth order were not associated with exceptional longevity. The second study explores whether people living to 100 years and beyond differ in physical characteristics at a young age from their shorter-lived peers. A random representative sample of 240 men who were born in 1887 and survived to age 100 was selected from the U.S. Social Security Administration database and linked to U.S. World War I civil draft registration cards collected in 1917 when these men were 30 years old. These validated centenarians were then compared to randomly selected controls who were matched by calendar year of birth, race, and place of draft registration in 1917. Results showed a negative association between “stout” body build (being in the heaviest 15 percent of the population) and survival to age 100. Having the occupation of “farmer” and a large number of children (4 or more) at age 30 increased the chances of exceptional longevity. The results of both studies demonstrate that matched case-control design is a useful approach in exploring effects of early-life conditions and middle-life characteristics on exceptional longevity.