Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Binding and release of brain calcium by low‐level electromagnetic fields: A review

Evidence has accumulated that sensitivity of brain tissue to specific weak oscillating electromagnetic fields occurs in the absence of significant tissue heating (less than 0.1°C). This review focuses on the ‘windowed’ character of sensitivities of calcium binding and electrical activity in brain tissue to low-frequency modulation and intensity characteristics of impressed RF fields. ELF fields decrease calcium efflux from isolated chick and cat cerebral tissue by about 15% only in narrow amplitude and frequency ‘windows,’ between 6 and 20 Hz and between 10 and 100 V/m (approximate tissue gradient, 10−7 V/cm). VHF (147 MHz) and UHF (450 MHz) fields increase calcium efflux from isolated chick brain by about 15% when amplitude modulated between 6 and 20 Hz, but only for incident fields in the vicinity of 1.0 mW/cm2. We have now shown that this increased efflux in response to 16-Hz amplitude-modulated 450-MHz, 0.75-mW/cm2 field exposure is insensitive to variations in calcium concentration from 0 to 4.16 mM in the testing solution but is enhanced by addition of hydrogen ions (0.108 mM 0.1 N HCl) and inhibited in the absence of normal bicarbonate ion levels (2.4 mM). In the presence of lanthanum ions (2.0 mM), which block transmembrane movement of calcium, exposure to these EM fields decreases the 45Ca2 + efflux. Low-frequency gradients may be transduced in a specific class of extracellular binding sites, normally occupied by calcium ions and susceptible to competitive hydrogen ion binding. Transductive coupling may involve coherent charge states between anionic sites on membrane surface glycoproteins, with longrange cooperative interactions triggered by weak extracellular electric fields. Proton ‘tunneling’ may occur at boundaries between coherent and noncoherent charge zones.
Enhancing surface plasmon polariton propagation lengths via coupling to asymmetric waveguide structures.

We determine and analyze the properties of regenerated surface plasmon polaritons (R-SPPs) in an asymmetric waveguide structure [T. -W. Lee and S. K. Gray, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 141105 (2005)]. Both finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations and frequency-domain modal analysis are employed. The FDTD results, which explicitly include excitation via attenuated total reflection, show an oscillatory dependence of the R-SPP propagation length L{sub x} as a function of core layer thickness d, with maxima corresponding to 30-fold propagation enhancements. For fixed incident light wavelength and angle, a variety of thicknesses can therefore be used to excite very long propagating SPPs. Modal analysis shows that the oscillations are due to tuning d through the opening of new transverse magnetic waveguide modes. In addition to increased propagation lengths, surface confinement is not significantly deteriorated and large intensity enhancements in the propagation region can also be achieved.
NUMERICAL INTEGRATION OF THE QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC EQUATIONS FOR BAROTROPIC AND SIMPLE BAROCLINIC FLOWS

Abstract An n-level generalization of the 2½-dimensional model is derived by specialization of the complete three-dimensional quasi-geostrophic equations. In the case n = 1, it reduces to the two-dimensional single-layer barometric model. In the case N = 2, it reduces to the double-layer barotropic model, or — what is shown to be mathematically equivalent —the 2½-dimensional model. Methods of numerical integration of the 2- and 2½-dimensional equations, and the machine requirements for such integrations, are discussed. The results of a series of six two-dimensional and six 2½-dimensional forecasts for 12 and 24 hours are presented. Although the 2½-dimensional forecasts are noticeably superior to the two-dimensional forecasts, it is apparent that considerable improvement will be possible with models in which there are fewer artificial constraints. A method of integration is therefore proposed for the n-level generalization of the 2½-dimensional model, and computation schemes are outlined for the general th.
On the compactness of the stable set for rate independent processes

This paper deals with a general approach to the rate-independent processes which may display hysteretic behaviour.This approach based on the two energy functionals,namely potential and dissipation functionals.Under some natural assumptions on these functionals we prove the compactness of the set of stable points which in turn leads to the existence of solutions of the problems under consideration.We present an application of our results to ferromagnetic models.
Extended-range atmospheric prediction and the Lorenz model

The physical basis for extended-range prediction is explored using the famous three-component Lorenz convection model, taken as a conceptual representation of the chaotic extra tropical circulation, and extended by coupling to a linear oscillator to represent large-scale tropical-extra tropical interactions. The model is used to analyze the roles of time averaging and ensemble forecasting, and, in extended form, the impact of both anomalous tropical sea surface temperature and anomalous extratropical sea surface temperature. The conceptual paradigms and analytic calculations presented are used to interpret results from numerical weather prediction and general circulation model experiments. Some remarks on the relevance of predictability studies for the climate change problem are given.
Modeling photocurrent action spectra of photovoltaic devices based on organic thin films

We have modeled experimental short-circuit photocurrent action spectra of poly(3-(4′-(1″,4″,7″-trioxaoctyl)phenyl)thiophene) (PEOPT)/fullerene (C60) thin film heterojunction photovoltaic devices. Modeling was based on the assumption that the photocurrent generation process is the result of the creation and diffusion of photogenerated species (excitons), which are dissociated by charge transfer at the PEOPT/C60 interface. The internal optical electric field distribution inside the devices was calculated with the use of complex indices of refraction and layer thickness of the materials as determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Contributions to the photocurrent from optical absorption in polymer and fullerene layers were both necessary to model the experimental photocurrent action spectra. We obtained values for the exciton diffusion range of 4.7 and 7.7 nm for PEOPT and C60, respectively. The calculated internal optical electric field distribution and resulting photocurrent action spectra were used in or.
Well-posedness of H ∞ optimal control problems

This paper considers the effect of perturbations of a nominal single-input/single-output linear plant, or a band of uncertainty, on the solution to certain frequency domain optimal control problems. Weighted $H^\infty $ sensitivity minimization, mixed, and robust sensitivity minimization will be considered along with problems of more general type. A brief discussion of $H^p $ optimal control problems will also be given. Typical examples will be presented where optimal sensitivity does not depend continuously on the plant (ill-posedness) and conditions for well-posedness will be given. It is demonstrated that similar discontinuities can occur for more general problems. Also suggested are ways of defining an optimization problem so that continuous dependence of the infimum is ensured.
Transverse Vibration of an Axially Accelerating String

Abstract The transverse vibration of an axially accelerating string is investigated. The equation of motion is developed using Hamilton's principle. The resulting partial differential equations are discretized using Galerkin's method. Assuming the axial velocity to be periodic, a stability analysis is performed using Floquet theory. One-, two-, three-, four-, six- and eight-term series approximations are considered in the Galerkin's method. The one-term approximation leads to a Mathieu equation, the solution of which is well known. The numerical results for one term are compared with the analytical solution for the Mathieu equation, and they are in full agreement. The two-term approximation leads to gyroscopically coupled equations, and the solutions differ significantly from that of the one-term approximation, whereas the three-term approximation solutions look similar to the one-term approximation solutions. The analysis is carried out for higher order even approximations and the solutions are in qualitative agreement. The two- and four-term approximation solutions are compared with the analytical results from Hsu's method, and are in reasonable agreement. The results show that instabilities occur at much higher amplitudes and frequencies of the periodic axial velocity than that of typical devices such as tape machines and band saws.
Simplicial Schreier systems and the commutator subgroup of the free group on the circle

It is shown that the commutator subgroup of the free simplicial group on the circle has a simplicial Schreier system and is a free simplicial group on a pointed simplicial set. Introduction. Subgroups of a free topological (simplicial) group need not be free topological (simplicial) [6], [9], [2], [3]. In [3] it is proved that the commutator subgroup [FS', FS'] of FS' (n > 1) is not free topological. The homotopy theoretic methods used there were not helpful for S'. In this paper, we use simplicial methods to construct a simplicial Schreier system for the subgroup [FS', FS'] in FS' and show that the free simplicial basis for [FS ', FS '] is of the same homotopy type as S2. The referee has pointed out that the term "free simplicial group" has been used in two conflicting senses in the literature. Firstly, in the sense of Kan's and Whitehead's paper [10] where these groups are free in each dimension with generators which are stable under degeneracies but not necessarily under face maps. Secondly, in the sense of [2], and also [12], where these groups are free in each dimension with generators which are stable under both degeneracies and face maps. However, in our results the term "free simplicial group on a pointed simplicial set" is used in the second sense. The author is greatly indebted to Dr. F. Clarke, who, as his research supervisor, gave invaluable assistance in the preparation of this paper. He also wishes to thank Professor R. Brown for his helpful comments. 1. Simplicial Schreier systems. Let K be a pointed simplicial set, F = FK be the free simplicial group on K as defined by J. Milnor [11] (see also the appendix of [2]). The face and degeneracy operators di, si are the homomorphic extensions of those in K. Let K -, F be the inclusion and H c F be a simplicial subgroup. DEFINITION 1.1. A (two-sided) simplicial Schreier system for the cosets of a (normal) subgroup H in F is a subcomplex S of F such that for each n > 0, Sn is a (two-sided) Schreier system (Hall [7]) for the cosets of Hn in Fn. That is: (i) each coset of Fn/Hn contains exactly one element of Sn; Received by the editors February 16, 1977 and, in revised form, May 2, 1977. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 22A99; Secondary 20E05, 55J10.
Note on antenna pattern synthesis using numerical iterative methods

Numerical iterative methods such as the steepest descent are shown to be a very powerful tool for pattern synthesis since they take full advantage of all available parameters such as element spacings, current's amplitudes and phases, pattern phase when not specified, and even frequency. Furthermore, the method allows the introduction of linear and nonlinear constraints in all parameters with no special difficulty.
Simulation of the atmospheric turbulence image reconstruction based on compressed sensing

For long distance imaging in the atmosphere environment, the image quality is affected by the atmospheric turbulence. In this paper, the image quality is analyzed, while the atmospheric turbulence is simulated through the spectrum inversion method of the Fourier transform. The target images affected by both weak and strong atmospheric turbulence environments are reconstructed respectively, employing the compressed sensing algorithm. Results show that the compressed sensing algorithm inhibits the atmospheric turbulence effect to some extent, but not that brilliant in the strong turbulence conditions. Outstanding performance of the compressed sensing algorithm in image noise reduction is also confirmed.
Student nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior: The mediating role of students' self-efficacy and the moderating role of nutrition education

Poor dietary behavior is a main contributor to malnutrition, which is a global challenge with enormous social and economic costs. The present study aims to identify the factors that are probably associated with dietary behavior to improve dietary choices. The E-GNKQ questionnaire was adopted and distributed to 230 students enrolled in the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, University of Sadat City. The results revealed that nutritional knowledge significantly affects the dietary behavior of the respondents. In addition, nutrition education (department type) has positively and significantly moderated the relationship between nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior, and self-efficacy has a mediating role in the relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior. The study recommends that higher education institutions pay attention to the critical role of nutrition education and self-efficacy to enhance the relationship between nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior by introducing nutritional courses in a wider range of academic programs.
PEDIGREE SELECTION FOR YIELD IN GRAIN SORGHUM POPULATION, [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

: Two cycles of pedigree selection method for grain yield/plant were conducted on a segregating population (TP24D) of grain sorghum in the F 3 generation . Selection was practiced at Shandaweel, Agric. Res. Center in 2002 and 2003 summer seasons . After the second cycle, the selected families were evaluated at Shandaweel (Sohag), Agric. Res., Station, Sohag (optimal environment) and Qena (sub-optimal environment), South Valley University Experiment Farm, Faculty of Agric. After two cycles of pedigree selection showed 5.87 and 3.72% increase in grain yield/plant over the bulk sample at Sohag and Qena, respectively, with an average of 4.98% over the two locations . Selection for grain yield/plant was accompanied by decrease in days to 50% flowering of -7.43, -6.66% and - 7.03 %, increase in 1000-grain weight of 4.27, 5.70 and 4.89% over the bulk sample at Sohag, Qena and across locations, respectively .
Improvement of Removal Rate in Abrasive-Free Planarization of 4H-SiC Substrates Using Catalytic Platinum and Hydrofluoric Acid

We used catalyst-referred etching, which is an abrasive-free planarization method, to produce an extremely smooth surface on a 4H-SiC substrate. However, the removal rate was lower than that obtained by chemical mechanical polishing, which is the planarization method generally used for SiC substrates. To improve the removal rate, we investigated its dependence on rotational velocity and processing pressure. We found that the removal rate increases in proportion to both rotational velocity and processing pressure. A lapped 4H-SiC substrate was planarized under conditions that achieved the highest removal rate of approximately 500 nm/h. A smooth surface with a root-mean square roughness of less than 0.1 nm was fabricated within 15 min. Because the surface, which was processed under conditions of high rotational velocity and high processing pressure, consisted of a step–terrace structure, it was well ordered up to the topmost surface.
Analysis of passive scalar gradient alignment in a simplified three-dimensional case

Numerical simulations as well as recent experiments in turbulent three-dimensional flow show a trend of the gradient of a passive scalar to align with the compressional axis of the strain tensor. In two-dimensional flow, however, it has been proved that the most probable orientation of the scalar gradient can be different from the compressional direction. An idealized situation is used to address this question in the three-dimensional case and to suggest a possible way to reexamine the scalar gradient alignment in three-dimensional flow. This kind of analysis can be applied to the material line alignment as well.
Characterizing Earth-like planets: from CoRoT to DARWIN/TPF and beyond

The detection of terrestrial exoplanets is at its dawn with the detection of the first very low mass planets by microlensing and radial velocimetry. The transit method from space should help getting statistical information about these objects, their abundances, sizes, masses and distance distribution. This goal should be reached by CoRoT and Kepler allowing the next step: the spectral characterization of the potential atmosphere of such planets by the DARWIN/Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) mission or similar concepts. In this paper, we describe the key parameters of space missions which will provide in the next decade, their limits, and what can realistically be expected from the next generation of space observatories.
On quantum realisation of Boolean functions by the fingerprinting technique

Abstract In this paper, we develop the fingerprinting technique of calculation of Boolean functions in quantum calculation models. The use of the fingerprinting technique is demonstrated on the example of calculation of the function MOD m in the class of quantum OBDD (oblivious read-once branching programs). Next, the potentialities of the fingerprinting technique are demonstrated in the example of realisation of the ‘equality’ function in the quantum model of communication with a referee (the SMP communication model) and in examples of recognition of languages in quantum automata. All given realisations of Boolean functions in various quantum calculation models (OBDD, SMP communication model, and a finite automaton) are asymptotically optimal. The authors thank Juhani Karhumäki for the invitation to the University of Turku and fruitful discussions of this research.
Time-Dependent Numerical Code for Extended Boussinesq Equations

The extended Boussinesq equations derived by Nwogu (1993) significantly improve the linear dispersive properties of long-wave models in intermediate water depths, making it suitable to simulate wave propagation from relatively deep to shallow water. In this study, a numerical code based on Nwogu's equations is developed. The model uses a fourth-order predictor-corrector method to advance in time, and discretizes first-order spatial derivatives to fourth-order accuracy, thus reducing all truncation errors to a level smaller than the dispersive terms retained by the model. The basic numerical scheme and associated boundary conditions are described. The model is applied to several examples of wave propagation in variable depth, and computed solutions are compared with experimental data. These initial results indicate that the model is capable of simulating wave transformation from relatively deep water to shallow water, giving accurate predictions of the height and shape of shoaled waves in both regular and irregular wave experiments.
Hybrid phase-diverse phase retrieval algorithm in wavefront sensing for segmented optics

Wavefront sensing of the segmented optics usually includes two steps. The first step is to sense and correct each segment's position error (co-phasing error) and figure error (aberration), and the second step is to sense the residual wavefront error over the whole aperture. However, due to the limited correction capability and accuracy of the figure sensing and co-phasing sensing in the first step, the original fine wavefront sensing (WFS) algorithm in the second step, the Modified Baseline algorithm, would be failed once the absolute figure difference at nearby edges of nearby segments exceeds λ/2. Thus a Hybrid Phase-diverse Phase Retrieval (HPDPR) algorithm, which adds the Levenburg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm to eliminate each segment's residual position error for decreasing the absolute figure difference, is proposed. Simulations have proven the validity of the HPDPR algorithm, and shown its robustness and high WFS accuracy.
COMPACT MATRIX QUANTUM GROUPS ARISING FROM HERMITIAN YANG-BAXTER COALGEBRAS

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A Bayesian Approach for the Spatiotemporal Interpolation of Environmental Data

Abstract Numerically based models are extensively used for many environmental applications, as for example, to assist in the prediction of weather phenomena (numerical weather prediction models), in risk assessment, or in pollutant emission control (air-quality models). These models often produce predictions for grid points over some temporal window, while observations are usually available as a set of spatially scattered values at individual locations (not coincident with the model grid points), so that the model assessment procedure, that is, the statistical evaluation of how well model output compares with observed data, should address the issue of comparing the grid-based model results with interpolated values estimated from observed data at a different spatial resolution. In this paper, a Bayesian inference procedure for the spatiotemporal interpolation of environmental data from irregularly spaced monitoring sites is presented. The spatial interpolation is based on the use of the predictive posterio.
Probability functions on complex pedigrees

The calculation of probabilities on pedigrees of arbitrary complexity is discussed for a basic model of transmission and penetrance (encompassing Mendelian inheritance, and certain environmental influences). The structure of pedigrees, and the types of loops occurring, is discussed. Some results in graph theory are obtained and, using these, a recurrence relation derived for certain probabilities. The recursive procedure enables the successive peeling off of certain members of the pedigree, and the condensation of the information on those individuals into a function on a subset of those remaining. The underlying theory is set out, and examples given of the utilization of the resulting algorithm.
Iterative algorithm for determining the coordinates of the images of point radiators

This paper proposes an iterative algorithm for determining the coordinates of the image of a point radiator, based on successive refinement of the image-localization region. An algorithm is investigated, using a mathematical model. It is established that the algorithm can be adapted to the image size and that the image-localization region is independent of the initial estimate.
Improved Stability of Metal-Insulator-Diamond Semiconductor Interface by Employing BaF2 Insulator Film

Diamond metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structures were fabricated by employing various fluorides as gate insulator (MgF2, CaF2 and BaF2) and their electrical properties were closely investigated by means of C-V measurements. The C-V characteristics of a BaF2/diamond structure exhibited outstanding electrical properties (surface state density less than 2×1010/(cm2·eV) near the valence band edge) as compared with the structures obtained using other fluorides. From the chemiphysical point of view, the above result might be explained as being due to the reduction of adsorbed-oxygen on the diamond surface via a strong chemical reaction by the constituent Ba atoms in the insulator during the film deposition.