Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implicit Coping Responses to Racism Predict African Americans' Level of Psychological Distress

African Americans report experiencing discrimination on a frequent basis, and these experiences have been linked to psychological distress. Coping responses to racism have been suggested to mediate the relationship between discrimination and distress. This study introduces the first measure of African Americans' implicit emotional and coping responses to racism and examines the measure's ability to predict psychological distress. The Go/No-Go Association Task (Nosek & Banaji, 2001) was adapted to assess African Americans' implicit association of racial prejudice with each of four coping and two emotional responses. Anxiety and general psychological distress were assessed with the Brief Symptom Inventory. Greater implicit association between prejudice and “seeking support” was found to predict lower anxiety and general distress, demonstrating the potential utility of implicit measures in assessing coping responses to racism and their consequences.
The Fruits of Cultivation Analysis: A Reexamination of Some Effects of Television Watching

A set of items from the General Social Survey for 1975 and 1977 measuring alienation and fear of walking near one's home at night, which were claimed by Gerbner et al. (1978a) to be related to heavy television watching, are reanalyzed with simultaneous controls for age, sex, race, income, education, hours worked per week outside the home, church attendance, membership in voluntary associations, and population size. The effects of television watching on responses to these items which were claimed by Gerbner et al. are largely absent in this analysis. Items in the same data set used by Gerbner et al., but not included in their analysis are analyzed using the technique above, with results that fail to support the contention of Gerbner and his associates. The implications of these findings for a cultivation theory of television effects are discussed. Michael Hughes is Assistant Professor of Sociology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. The author wishes to thank Richard A. Peterson, Walter R. Gove, Cathleen Burnett, Ricky McCarty, Michael R. Wood, Jerome B. Price, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier draft. Also helpful were conversations with Anthony Oberschall, G. Russell Carpenter, John Ryan, Lynn Ballew, and Christian D. Hughes, and research assistance provided by Eileen Covey and Timothy J. Carter. Public Opinion Quarterly ? ) 1980 by The Trustees of Columbia University Published by Elsevier North-Holland, Inc. 0033-362X/80/0044-287/$1.75 This content downloaded from 157.55. 39.110 on Sat, 24 Sep 2016 04:41:39 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms
Representative Bureaucracy: Rethinking Substantive Effects and Active Representation

This article addresses perceived deficiencies in the study of representative bureaucracy by explaining and classifying the sources of passive representation's substantive effects. This classification is used to clarify existing empirical research and normative thinking on active representation. Doing so produces a more modest but more accurate interpretation of existing research findings and helps to indicate future research needs. It also reduces normative disagreement to a single source of substantive effects, namely bureaucratic partiality. Minority bureaucratic partiality is of dubious value for helping minorities, and bureaucratic partiality should generally be rejected. However, a passively representative bureaucracy increases in importance because of its other sources of substantive effects. This demonstrates the need to go beyond the passive–active distinction: It is more adequate and accurate to speak of representative bureaucracy and the sources of its substantive effects.
Rethinking Community Psychology: Critical Insights

At first sight there appear to be, internationally, many diverse, radical, manifestations of community psychology. However, community psychology has gradually become decreasingly diverse and decreasingly radical the more it has become academically and professionally established and evangelised and it is now endangered as a critical alternative to the disciplinary ideologies, theories, procedures and practices of mainstream psychology. As a consequence, the interests of people whose lives are most characterised by immiseration, suffering, social injustice and oppression are increasingly blighted and increasingly threatened. However, these reactionary developments were and are not inevitable and can be reversed by those collectively committed to community critical psychology.
Belief System Continuity and Change in Policy Advocacy Coalitions: Using Cultural Theory to Specify Belief Systems, Coalitions, and Sources of Change

This paper evaluates the prospects for application of the “grid/group” cultural theory (CT), as advanced by Mary Douglas and Aaron Wildavsky, to the Advocacy Coalition Theory (ACF). CT would seem to be relevant to several key aspects of the ACF: the content of the core beliefs that provide the “glue” that binds coalitions; the resilience of core beliefs and associated implications for belief change and learning; and the structure of coalitions and the mechanisms for coordination and control within them. The paper considers the compatibility of the ACF’s account of deep core beliefs and coalition structure with that of CT; surveys an array of empirical studies based on variations of CT; and extends accounts of change in cultural identities from CT to the ACF. In addition, we highlight some of the ways in which the ACF may offer important theoretical insights for scholars of CT, potentially clarifying hypotheses concerning the relationships among basic worldviews, more specific beliefs, and behaviors.
Haemophilus influenzae type b infection in childhood: history of bacteremia and antigenemia

Groups of children (mean age, 31.4 months) with Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis, epiglottitis, or septic arthritis were tested for the presence and levels of bacteremia, capsular polyribophosphate (PRP) antigenemia, and development of specific antibody in serum after the onset of acute illness. Although bacteremia cleared promptly after antibiotic therapy, circulating PRP could be detected in serum for relatively long periods, with 51% of the patients still having detectable antigen after 30 days postinfection. Even in the presence of specific antibody, antigenemia persisted for as long as 47 days after admission. It was observed that there was no statistically significant correlation between the persistence of antigenemia and age (P greater than 0.2), the initial antigen concentration (P greater than 0.50), or the development of antibody (P greater than 0.20). The presence of a low magnitude of bacteremia (less than 300 organisms per ml) was associated with a maximum concentration of 10 ng of PRP per ml. On the other hand, bacterial counts in excess of 10(4)/ml were associated with greater than 1,000 ng of PRP per ml (r = 0.98, r2 = 0.96, P less than 0.001). It was observed that the amount of circulating PRP in the acute phase of illness was related to whether a child developed convalescent-phase antibody. Invariably, the younger children, who primarily had meningitis, had a PRP concentration of greater than 10 ng/ml and failed to develop an antibody response in any isotype, whereas the older patients, who primarily had infections other than meningitis, had a PRP concentration of less than 10 ng/ml and a 45.5% success rate in developing an antibody response (P = 0.006). These findings suggest that there is a direct correlation between the magnitudes of bacteremia and antigenemia, that antigen may persist for long periods even in the presence of antibody, and that the level of antigenemia in addition to the patient age is significantly related to the nature of the convalescent-phase antibody response.
Identidades-en-acción: sobre la fragilidad del discurso y la identidad en el aula de matemáticas

La nocion de identidad ha sido recientemente usada en la investigacion internacional en educacion matematica en un intento de vincular las comprensiones individual y social del aprendizaje. En este articulo revisamos la literatura existente que hace uso del concepto de identidad, y senalamos algunas de las fortalezas y de las debilidades en las maneras como ha sido construida la nocion de identidad en relacion con la ensenanza y el aprendizaje de las matematicas. Proponemos una conceptualizacion de la nocion que apunta a la fragilidad y la inestabilidad de los procesos de identificacion que estan inmersos en el discurso. Sostenemos que una nocion de identidad formulada desde una perspectiva postestructuralista y que enfatiza la relacion dialectica entre la identifi cacion y el discurso ofrece posibilidades interesantes para interpretaciones del aprendizaje matematico como un proceso fragil que se caracteriza mas por discontinuidades e interrupciones que por su continuidad. La nocion postestructuralista de identidades fragiles-en-accion nos permite llamar la atencion hacia lo que normalmente se considera como “ruido” o “imposibilidades” en nuestras comprensiones de la educacion matematica y la interaccion en la clase de matematicas. Palabras clave: discurso de la clase, discurso, identidad, aprendizaje, educacion matematica.
Asthma and dietary intake: an overview of systematic reviews

Epidemiological research on the relationship between diet and asthma has increased in the last decade. Several components found in foods have been proposed to have a series of antioxidant, anti‐allergic and anti‐inflammatory properties, which can have a protective effect against asthma risk. Several literature reviews and critical appraisals have been published to summarize the existing evidence in this field. In the context of this EAACI Lifestyle and asthma Task Force, we summarize the evidence from existing systematic reviews on dietary intake and asthma, using the PRISMA guidelines. We therefore report the quality of eligible systematic reviews and summarize the results of those with an AMSTAR score ≥32. The GRADE approach is used to assess the overall quality of the existing evidence. This overview is centred on systematic reviews of nutritional components provided in the diet only, as a way to establish what type of advice can be given in clinical practice and to the general population on dietary habits and asthma.
Avian Influenza H5N1 in Tigers and Leopards

Influenza virus is not known to affect wild felids. We demonstrate that avian influenza A (H5N1) virus caused severe pneumonia in tigers and leopards that fed on infected poultry carcasses. This finding extends the host range of influenza virus and has implications for influenza virus epidemiology and wildlife conservation.
Dancing with nature: rhythm and harmony in extreme sport participation

Research on extreme sports has downplayed the importance of the athletes' connection to the natural world. This neglect stems, in part, from the assumption that these activities derive their meaning primarily from risk. The authors' long-term research reveals that the interplay between adventure athletes and the natural world is, in fact, crucial for many participants. This study used hermeneutic and phenomenological analysis of first-hand accounts of these sports and interviews with 15 veteran participants. These included BASE jumpers, big-wave surfers, extreme skiers, waterfall kayakers, extreme mountaineers and solo rope-free climbers. Participants spoke extensively about developing a deep relationship with the natural world akin to an intimate ‘dance’ between actively engaged partners. Our experience-based analysis has found that extreme sports aficionados do not simply view the natural world as a commodity, a stage for risk taking, or vehicle for self-gratification. On the contrary, for veteran adventure athletes the natural world acts as a facilitator to a deeper, more positive understanding of self and its place in the environment. For some, nature was described as omnipresent and ubiquitous, and a source of innate power and personal meaning. The authors explore how these findings may augment the delivery of more ‘ecocentric’ programmes in the outdoor adventure field.
Deficiency in the LIM-only protein Fhl2 impairs skin wound healing

After skin wounding, the repair process is initiated by the release of growth factors, cytokines, and bioactive lipids from injured vessels and coagulated platelets. These signal molecules induce synthesis and deposition of a provisional extracellular matrix, as well as fibroblast invasion into and contraction of the wounded area. We previously showed that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) triggers a signal transduction cascade mediating nuclear translocation of the LIM-only protein Fhl2 in response to activation of the RhoA GTPase (Muller, J.M., U. Isele, E. Metzger, A. Rempel, M. Moser, A. Pscherer, T. Breyer, C. Holubarsch, R. Buettner, and R. Schule. 2000. EMBO J. 19:359–369; Muller, J.M., E. Metzger, H. Greschik, A.K. Bosserhoff, L. Mercep, R. Buettner, and R. Schule. 2002. EMBO J. 21:736–748.). We demonstrate impaired cutaneous wound healing in Fhl2-deficient mice rescued by transgenic expression of Fhl2. Furthermore, collagen contraction and cell migration are severely impaired in Fhl2-deficient cells. Consequently, we show that the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, which is regulated by Fhl2, is reduced and delayed in wounds of Fhl2-deficient mice and that the expression of p130Cas, which is essential for cell migration, is reduced in Fhl2-deficient cells. In summary, our data demonstrate a function of Fhl2 as a lipid-triggered signaling molecule in mesenchymal cells regulating their migration and contraction during cutaneous wound healing.
Beyond the ‘failed state’: Toward conceptual alternatives

The article advances conceptual alternatives to the ‘failed state. ’ It provides reasons why the concept is deficient, showing especially how counterproductive it is to aggregate states as diverse as Colombia, Malawi, Somalia, Iraq, Haiti, and Tajikistan. I argue for distinguishing among capacity gaps, security gaps, and legitimacy gaps that states experience. Importantly, I show that these gaps often do not coincide in a given country, and that the logical responses to each of the three gaps diverge in significant ways. I offer brief case examples of the logic of response to the gaps and of the tensions that must be managed among them. The article advances the debate over an important and under-theorized emergent concept in global politics.
La prédiction de la délinquance

The paper presents the results of a meta-analysis to analyze which predictors of delinquency in males and females are consistently evident from longitudinal studies, and how the predictors compare in their predictive efficiency. The results show that a variety of conduct problems but also conditions within the family are predictive of later delinquency in general, recidivism, or serious offenses. As a rule, composite indicators of risk factors outperformed single indicators. Data is presented on the early identification of chronic offenders. The results are critically examined in terms of error rates, and in terms of future directions for research.
Serum lipid profile spectrum and delayed cerebral ischemia following subarachnoid hemorrhage: Is there a relation?

Background: Serum lipid abnormalities are known to be important risk factors for vascular disorders. However, their role in delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), the major cause of morbidity after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains unclear. This study was an attempt to evaluate the spectrum of lipid profile changes in SAH compared to matched controls, and their relation with the occurrence of DCI. Methods: Admission serum lipid profile levels were measured in patients of SAH and prospectively studied in relation to various factors and clinical development of DCI. Results: Serum triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly lower among SAH patients compared to matched controls (mean [±standard deviation (SD)] mg/dL: 117.3 [±50.4] vs. 172.8 [±89.1], P = 0.002), probably because of energy consumption due to hypermetabolic response. Patients who developed DCI had significantly higher TG levels compared to those who did not develop DCI (mean [±SD] mg/dL: 142.1 [±56] vs. 111.9 [±54], P = 0.05). DCI was noted in 62% of patients with TG >150 mg/dL, compared to 22% among the rest (P = 0.01). Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein (a) neither showed a significant difference between SAH and controls and nor any significant association with DCI. Multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression adjusting for the effects of age, sex, systemic disease, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade, Fisher grade, and clipping/coiling, revealed higher TG levels to have significant independent association with DCI (P = 0.01). Conclusions: Higher serum TG levels appear to be significantly associated with DCI while other lipid parameters did not show any significant association. This may be due to their association with remnant cholesterol or free fatty acid-induced lipid peroxidation.
KAI-1 and p53 expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas: Markers of significance in future diagnostics and possibly therapeutics

Context: KAI-1/CD82 is a tumor suppressor gene with decreased gene expression being associated with increased invasive ability of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). p53 protein functions in the G1-S phase of the cell cycle to allow repair of damaged DNA. In the present study, p53 and KAI-1 expression was investigated using monoclonal antibodies in OSCC. Aims: The aim of this study was to detect KAI-1 and p53 expression in OSCCs and to assess the relation between both in OSCCs. Materials and Methods: The present study included histopathologically diagnosed thirty cases of well- and moderately differentiated OSCCs to study the expression of KAI-1 and p53 antibodies. Statistical Analysis: The results obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis; one-way ANOVA; least square difference method and independent t-test. Results: OSCCs exhibited 41.62% positivity for KAI-1 while p53 positive cells were recorded to an extent of 60.82%. A significant positive correlation was observed between KAI-1 and p53 expression in OSCCs. Conclusions: Although a significant amount of work is still required to uncover the mechanisms of action and regulation of KAI-1 and p53 expression, control of the complex metastatic processes would be of interest in controlling the tumor biology in OSCCs as well as other types of malignancies to enhance prognosis in the affected patients and to help protect against future metastasis in the going to be treated and treated patients.
Long-term outcome in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To describe the long-term outcome of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). METHODS All patients with JIA referred to a pediatric rheumatology center between 1978 and 1988 were identified and invited to undergo an assessment. Patients with JIA from a population-based cohort from East Berlin were included. The outcome assessment considered changes in body function and structure (e.g., mortality, joint abnormalities, disease activity), activities at the individual level (Health Assessment Questionnaire), and participation in society (e.g., mobility, educational and vocational background). RESULTS Of 260 eligible patients, 215 (83%) were evaluated. Subtypes of JIA at disease onset included oligoarthritis (40%), polyarthritis (14%), systemic arthritis (14%), psoriatic arthritis (1%), enthesitis-related arthritis (15%), and other arthritis (16%). Followup was conducted after a median of 16.5 years. No deaths occurred in this cohort. At followup, approximately half of the patients had active disease and/or changes in body structures to a variable extent. Approximately one-third of patients rated themselves as being functionally limited. Patients demonstrated good social integration: few mobility problems were reported, and the educational achievements of patients were higher and their rate of unemployment was lower compared with the age-matched population. No significant differences in outcome were found between the population-based and the referral-based cohorts. CONCLUSION Even though approximately half of the JIA patients had more or less distinctive changes in body function and/or structure after a disease duration of >15 years, fewer than 10% were severely disabled or handicapped. Because JIA often persists into adulthood, long-term followup and care are necessary.
Music cognition and real-time listening: Denotation, cue abstraction, route description and cognitive maps

This contribution is about music cognition in real-time listening. Starting from the distinction between knowledge-by-acquaintance as against conceptual knowledge, it argues for a definition of music listening as an ongoing process of sense-making that relies on epistemic interactions with the sounds. In order to provide a theoretical framework to assess this process of sense-making, it brings together conceptual and operational tools from the domains of deixis, cue abstraction, route-description and cognitive maps. Basically in this combined approach is the construction of knowledge through the ‘extraction’ and ‘abstraction’ of salient elements from the articulation of sounds through time. This articulation can be continuous or discrete, but is possible to deal with the sounding elements in a propositional way, relying on principles of cognitive economy rather than on the richness of full sensory experience.
On Switching Mechanisms for Beamforming and Multiuser MIMO for a WiMAX TDD System in Reverse Link

Worldwide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) is an important member of the IEEE 802.16 family. It offers solutions for Beyond-3G and future 4G systems. The deployment of Adaptive Antenna Systems (AAS) enables beamforming and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) techniques. In this Paper, mechanisms are investigated for switching between single user beamforming and multiuser MIMO within the WiMAX Time Division Duplex (TDD) mode, with respect to eigenvalue analysis. Throughout this paper, an IEEE 802.16e link level simulator is exploited for the performance evaluation.
Contraception and Beyond: The Health Benefits of Services Provided at Family Planning Centers

n A large and growing body of literature explores the health benefits related to services received at family planning clinics. n Research indicates that family planning, including planning, delaying and spacing pregnancies, is linked to improved birth outcomes for babies, either directly or through healthy maternal behaviors during pregnancy. n Contraceptive methods have a range of benefits other than their primary purpose of pregnancy prevention. Contraception reduces pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality, reduces the risk of developing certain reproductive cancers, and can be used to treat many menstrualrelated symptoms and disorders. n In addition to contraception, a range of other beneficial health services are available to clients at family planning clinics. Services to prevent, screen for and treat diseases and conditions such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, HIV, HPV and cervical cancer, as well as to address intimate partner violence, benefit both female and male clients who visit these clinics. n Because not all women have equal access to the many benefits of contraception and other health services, there is more work to be done in implementing programs and policies that advance contraceptive access and improve health outcomes for all women.