Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Primary and key secondary results from the ROCKET AF trial, and their implications on clinical practice

Background: The safety and efficacy of the oral anticoagulant rivaroxaban were studied in the Rivaroxaban Once Daily Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation (ROCKET AF trial). A number of subanalyses of the ROCKET AF trial have subsequently analyzed the use of rivaroxaban in special patient populations. Methods: The outcomes of the ROCKET AF trial were reviewed. The use of rivaroxaban in higher risk populations, as determined by the presence of co-morbidities included in the CHADS2 criteria, was analyzed. Requirements for dose adjustment in patients with renal impairment and in East Asian patients were described. Finally, clinical management challenges, including interruptions in therapy, drug discontinuation, management of bleeding events, drug interactions, and management of patients requiring cardioversion/ablation were reviewed. Results: Rivaroxaban is efficacious in high-risk populations, including elderly patients, patients with diabetes, heart failure, history of stroke, prior myocardial infarction, or peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Patients with PAD have a higher risk of bleeding with rivaroxaban compared with warfarin. East Asian populations do not require a dose adjustment for rivaroxaban, while a reduced dose of 15 mg daily is required for patients with moderate renal impairment. Rivaroxaban remains effective with temporary interruptions in therapy and in patients requiring cardioversion/ablation. Rates of major bleeding and subsequent outcomes were similar in patients on warfarin and rivaroxaban, although rates of gastrointestinal bleeding were higher with rivaroxaban. Concurrent use of antiarrhythmic therapy was not associated with adverse outcomes. Conclusions: Rivaroxaban represents an efficacious alternative to warfarin in high-risk patients with AF. Dose adjustment is required for patients with moderate renal impairment. Rivaroxaban can be used safely in a number of challenging clinical management scenarios although the concurrent use of amiodarone requires more study.
Prepublication disclosure of scientific results: Norms, competition, and commercial orientation

To disclose results before publication or not? That is the question. On the basis of a survey of 7103 active faculty researchers in nine fields, we examine the extent to which scientists disclose prepublication results, and when they do, why? Except in two fields, more scientists disclose results before publication than not, but there is significant variation in their reasons to disclose, in the frequency of such disclosure, and in withholding crucial results when making public presentations. They disclose results for feedback and credit and to attract collaborators. Particularly in formulaic fields, scientists disclose to attract new researchers to the field independent of collaboration and to deter others from working on their exact problem. A probability model shows that 70% of field variation in disclosure is related to differences in respondent beliefs about norms, competition, and commercialization. Our results suggest new research directions—for example, do the problems addressed or the methods of scientific production themselves shape norms and competition? Are the levels we observe optimal or simply path-dependent? What is the interplay of norms, competition, and commercialization in disclosure and the progress of science?
The International Transfer of Technology: Examples from the Development of Accounting

This paper examines the international transfer of accounting technology, using seven examples in chronological order. These include double-entry bookkeeping, the true and fair view requirement, and the second income statement. Some overarching features of these transfers are noted. Inventions respond to commercial need, particularly increasing complexity. They therefore spread slowly if complexity spreads slowly. Common culture and language can speed up transfers but are not the major drivers. Political and legal intervention spreads technology, but sometimes inappropriately.
The Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor GBF1 Participates in Rotavirus Replication

Rotavirus, a member of the family Reoviridae, is the major cause of severe diarrhea in children and young animals worldwide. Despite significant advances in the characterization of the biology of this virus, the mechanisms involved in morphogenesis of the virus particle are still poorly understood. In this work, we show that the guanine nucleotide exchange factor GBF1, relevant for COPI/Arf1-mediated cellular vesicular transport, participates in the replication cycle of the virus, influencing the correct processing of viral glycoproteins VP7 and NSP4 and the assembly of the virus surface proteins VP7 and VP4. ABSTRACT Cellular and viral factors participate in the replication cycle of rotavirus. We report that the guanine nucleotide exchange factor GBF1, which activates the small GTPase Arf1 to induce COPI transport processes, is required for rotavirus replication since knocking down GBF1 expression by RNA interference or inhibiting its activity by treatment with brefeldin A (BFA) or Golgicide A (GCA) significantly reduces the yield of infectious viral progeny. This reduction in virus yield was related to a block in virus assembly, since in the presence of either BFA or GCA, the assembly of infectious mature triple-layered virions was significantly prevented and only double-layered particles were detected. We report that the catalytic activity of GBF1, but not the activation of Arf1, is essential for the assembly of the outer capsid of rotavirus. We show that both BFA and GCA, as well as interfering with the synthesis of GBF1, alter the electrophoretic mobility of glycoproteins VP7 and NSP4 and block the trimerization of the virus surface protein VP7, a step required for its incorporation into virus particles. Although a posttranslational modification of VP7 (other than glycosylation) could be related to the lack of trimerization, we found that NSP4 might also be involved in this process, since knocking down its expression reduces VP7 trimerization. In support, recombinant VP7 protein overexpressed in transfected cells formed trimers only when cotransfected with NSP4. IMPORTANCE Rotavirus, a member of the family Reoviridae, is the major cause of severe diarrhea in children and young animals worldwide. Despite significant advances in the characterization of the biology of this virus, the mechanisms involved in morphogenesis of the virus particle are still poorly understood. In this work, we show that the guanine nucleotide exchange factor GBF1, relevant for COPI/Arf1-mediated cellular vesicular transport, participates in the replication cycle of the virus, influencing the correct processing of viral glycoproteins VP7 and NSP4 and the assembly of the virus surface proteins VP7 and VP4.
Real-time gait event detection using a single head-worn inertial measurement unit

A real-time gait event detection based on a single sensor unit fixed onto the head is suggested in this paper. Head acceleration is measured by an inertial measurement unit in order to detect two gait events. When heel strike and toe off occur, the impact is physically generated between the foot and the ground, which are transmitted to the head through the different physiological structures directed to the longitudinal body axis. Although it is damped by body structures such as intervertebral discs, the impact determines the detectable peak in head acceleration. With a threshold and a low pass filter, a peak detection referring to head acceleration is reliable in detection of the gait events. This proposed method can be applied to homebased rehabilitation and daily fitness.
An Advanced Human-Robot Interaction Interface for Collaborative Robotic Assembly Tasks

This article introduces an advanced human-robot interaction (HRI) interface that allows teaching new assembly tasks to collaborative robotic systems. Using advanced perception and simulation technologies, the interface provides the proper tools for a non-expert user to teach a robot a new assembly task in a short amount of time. An RGBD camera is used to allow the user to demonstrate the task and the system extracts the needed information for the assembly to be simulated and performed by the robot, while the user guides the process. The HRI interface is integrated with the ROS framework and is built as a web application allowing operation through portable devices, such as a tablet PC. The interface is evaluated with user experience rating from test subjects that are requested to teach a folding assembly task to the robot.
Noise model for microcalcification detection in reconstructed tomosynthesis slices

For the detection of microcalcifications, accurate noise estimation has shown to be an important step. In tomosynthesis, noise models have been proposed for projection data. However, it is expected that manufacturers of tomosynthesis systems will not store the raw projection images, but only the reconstructed volumes. We therefore investigated if and how signal dependent image noise can be modelled in the reconstructed volumes. For this research we used a dataset of 41 tomosynthesis volumes, of which 12 volumes contained a total of 20 microcalcification clusters. All volumes were acquired with a prototype of Sectra's photon-counting tomosynthesis system. Preliminary results show that image noise is signal dependent in a reconstructed volume, and that a model of this noise can be estimated from a volume at hand. Evaluation of the noise model was performed by using a basic microcalcification cluster detection algorithm that classifies voxels by using a threshold on a local contrast filter. Image noise was normalized by dividing local contrast in a voxel by the standard deviation of the estimated image noise in that voxel. FROC analysis shows that performance increases strongly, when we use our model to correct for signal dependent image noise in reconstructed volumes.
Dysfunction of various organelles provokes multiple cell death after quantum dot exposure

Quantum dots (QDs) are different from the materials with the micrometer scale. Owing to the superiority in fluorescence and optical stability, QDs act as possible diagnostic and therapeutic tools for application in biomedical field. However, potential threats of QDs to human health hamper their wide utilization in life sciences. It has been reported that oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in toxicity caused by QDs. Recently, accumulating research unveiled that disturbance of subcellular structures plays a magnificent role in cytotoxicity of QDs. Diverse organelles would collapse during QD treatment, including DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and lysosomal rupture. Different forms of cellular end points on the basis of recent research have been concluded. Apart from apoptosis and autophagy, a new form of cell death termed pyroptosis, which is finely orchestrated by inflammasome complex and gasdermin family with secretion of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-18, was also summarized. Finally, several potential cellular signaling pathways were also listed. Activation of Toll-like receptor-4/myeloid differentiation primary response 88, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inflammasome pathways by QD exposure is associated with regulation of cellular processes. With the development of QDs, toxicity evaluation is far behind its development, where specific mechanisms of toxic effects are not clearly defined. Further studies concerned with this promising area are urgently required.
Nitrogen stable isotope composition of leaves and roots of plants growing in a forest and a meadow

In controlled N-nutrition experiments, differences in δ 15N composition of leaves and roots are regularly found. In this paper we report results from a survey of nitrogen stable isotope signatures of leaves and roots of 16 plant species growing under natural conditions in a meadow and a forest understorey, which differed in nitrate and ammonium availability. Significant differences between leaf and root were observed. The range of Δ 15N [leaf-root] values was m 0.97 to +0.86, small compared to published values from controlled N-nutrition experiments, but almost as large as the range of leaf δ 15N values (m 1.04 to +1.08). Forbs showed the largest differences between leaves and roots and showed a significant difference with respect to habitat. Grasses and legumes did not show significant differences in Δ 15N [leaf-root] between the two habitats. Care must be taken when using leaf δ 15N values as representative for whole-plant 15N composition in these two habitats.
Dynamic Traffic Analyzer Using Twitter

Traffic congestion is a huge problem the world is facing nowadays. People suffer immensely in terms of money and time. In this paper, we present a system to dynamically analyze traffic and its causes, using twitter stream analysis. Twitter is a social networking site which allows people to share and read tweets. The system fetches the tweets from twitter; applies natural language processing technique on them; categorizes the tweets related to traffic; notifies the registered users about it. Natural language processing (NLP) focuses on developing efficient algorithms to process text and convert it into machine understandable language. Here, we apply NLP on the tweets to detect the traffic.
The influence of crop production and socioeconomic factors on seasonal household dietary diversity in Burkina Faso

Households in low-income settings are vulnerable to seasonal changes in dietary diversity because of fluctuations in food availability and access. We assessed seasonal differences in household dietary diversity in Burkina Faso, and determined the extent to which household socioeconomic status and crop production diversity modify changes in dietary diversity across seasons, using data from the nationally representative 2014 Burkina Faso Continuous Multisectoral Survey (EMC). A household dietary diversity score based on nine food groups was created from household food consumption data collected during four rounds of the 2014 EMC. Plot-level crop production data, and data on household assets and education were used to create variables on crop diversity and household socioeconomic status, respectively. Analyses included data for 10,790 households for which food consumption data were available for at least one round. Accounting for repeated measurements and controlling for the complex survey design and confounding covariates using a weighted multi-level model, household dietary diversity was significantly higher during both lean seasons periods, and higher still during the harvest season as compared to the post-harvest season (mean: post-harvest: 4.76 (SE 0.04); beginning of lean: 5.13 (SE 0.05); end of lean: 5.21 (SE 0.05); harvest: 5.72 (SE 0.04)), but was not different between the beginning and the end of lean season. Seasonal differences in household dietary diversity were greater among households with higher food expenditures, greater crop production, and greater monetary value of crops sale (P<0.05). Seasonal changes in household dietary diversity in Burkina Faso may reflect nutritional differences among agricultural households, and may be modified both by households’ socioeconomic status and agricultural characteristics.
Identification and Characterization of Peak Activity, Environmental Variables, and Bacterial Pathogens in A. americanum L. at Ames Plantation, West Tennessee

The status of tick-borne diseases (TBD) in the southeastern United States is uncertain due to a number of factors including, but not limited to emerging pathogens, misdiagnoses, and modifications to landscapes. Ehrlichiosis and rickettiosis are two of the most common TBDs; these are caused by Ehrlichia and Rickettsia bacteria that can be transmitted by a number of different tick species. The objectives of this study were to identify Amblyomma americanum (the Lone Star tick) peak activity and habitat preferences and characterize the potential role of A. americanum in tick-borne disease cycles in southwestern Tennessee. Using vegetation drags and CO2-baited traps, ticks were collected monthly from May to September 2012 from 100 sites on the Ames Plantation Research and Education Center (Ames). Using a one-way analysis of variance, we identified the peak activity of A. americanum for adults as being in May or June and of nymphs as being bimodal with a peak in June and again in August. Trapping data were analyzed in a contingency table; results indicated significant trapping differences in the number of nymphs and adults collected by the two trapping methods. Environmental and trapping data were correlated using an ANCOVA to evaluate trapping efficacy under different environmental stressors and to identify landscapes in which A. americanum adults and nymphs are notably more abundant. Of 925 adult A. americanum screened for Ehrlichia and Rickettsia bacteria, 1.8% (n = 17) and 38% (n = 353) were PCR positive, of which 8 ticks (0.8%) were positive with both pathogens. Using ArcGIS we displayed pathogen positive A. americanum locations; calculating Moran’s I for each pathogen indicated there was no significant clustering among pathogen positive locations. The identification of pathogens and co-infections within A. americanum from western Tennessee warrants further investigations to understand the role ticks and their environment have in the distribution of TBD.
IMPORTANCE OF THE NEUTRAL CATEGORY IN FUZZY CLUSTERING OF SENTIMENTS

Social media is said to have an impact on the public discourse and communication in the society. It is increasingly being used in the political context. Social networks sites such as Facebook, Twitter and other microblogging services provide an opportunity for public to give opinions about some issues of interest. Twitter is an ideal platform for users to spread not only information in general but also political opinions, whereas Facebook provides the capability for direct dialogs. A lot of studies have shown that a need exists for stakeholders to collect, monitor, analyze, summarize and visualize these social media views. Some authors have tended to categorize these comments as either positive or negative ignoring the neutral category. In this paper, we demonstrate the importance of the neutral category in the clustering of sentiments from the social media. We then demonstrate the use of fuzzy clustering for this kind of task.
MHD Three Dimensional Free Convection Couette Flow with Transpiration Cooling

A theoretical analysis of three dimensional free convection couette flow of a viscous incompressible fluid between two vertical parallel plates with transpiration cooling in the presence of a stationary magnetic field applied perpendicular to the planes of the insulating plates is presented. The stationary plate and the plate in uniform motion are, respectively, subjected to transverse sinusoidal injection and uniform suction of the fluid. The flow becomes three dimensional due to this type of injection velocity distribution. The series expansion method is used to obtain the expressions for the velocity and temperature fields. A comprehensive study of the problem is made for various parameters.
Municipal Reform in Mayor-Council Cities: A Well-Kept Secret

THE ERA OF American municipal reform that began just before the beginning of the 20th century is thought to have reached its apotheosis midcentury. Since then, patronage has been largely stamped out. Kickbacks on contracts, once commonplace, are now unusual. Boss-mayors with long-term tenures and precinct-based party support are now rare. The councilmanager form of city government, sometimes regarded as the ultimate expression of municipal reform, is now common. Unlike turn-ofthe-century political and intellectual leaders such as Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Luther Gulick, contemporary leaders seldom talk or write about municipal reform. These days, issues of municipal reform appear to be of interest mostly to city managers and those who study and teach city management. For these and other reasons, it is assumed that the era of municipal reform is over. In fact, municipal reform is all around us, manifest in modern reforms that deal with new and different problems. Modern reforms take essentially two forms. The first, and the most well known (Frederickson 1995), is the reform of cities with council-manager legal or charter platforms—a much-studied favorite of research scholars (Svara 1999; Protasel 1995; Newland 1995). These reforms have mostly Municipal Reform in Mayor-Council Cities: A Well-Kept Secret
Longitudinal associations between dental caries increment and risk factors in late childhood and adolescence.

OBJECTIVES To assess longitudinal associations between permanent tooth caries increment and both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, using best subsets model selection. METHODS The Iowa Fluoride Study has followed a birth cohort with standardized caries exams without radiographs of the permanent dentition conducted at about ages 9, 13, and 17 years. Questionnaires were sent semi-annually to assess fluoride exposures and intakes, select food and beverage intakes, and tooth brushing frequency. Exposure variables were averaged over ages 7-9, 11-13, and 15-17, reflecting exposure 2 years prior to the caries exam. Longitudinal models were used to relate period-specific averaged exposures and demographic variables to adjusted decayed and filled surface increments (ADJCI) (n = 392). The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used to assess optimal explanatory variable combinations. RESULTS From birth to age 9, 9-13, and 13-17 years, 24, 30, and 55 percent of subjects had positive permanent ADJCI, respectively. Ten models had AIC values within two units of the lowest AIC model and were deemed optimal based on AIC. Younger age, being male, higher mother's education, and higher brushing frequency were associated with lower caries increment in all 10 models, while milk intake was included in 3 of 10 models. Higher milk intakes were slightly associated with lower ADJCI. CONCLUSIONS With the exception of brushing frequency, modifiable risk factors under study were not significantly associated with ADJCI. When possible, researchers should consider presenting multiple models if fit criteria cannot discern among a group of optimal models.
Analysis of three-phase induction machines with combined Star-Delta windings

Combined Star-Delta windings in electrical machines result in a higher fundamental winding factor and cause a smaller harmonic content. This leads to lower I2R losses in the stator and the rotor winding and thus to an increased efficiency. In this paper, a calculation method is presented to determine these I2R losses for three-phase induction machines with combined star-delta windings. An important calculation tool is the field damping factor in order to consider the rotor's influence on the magnetic field excited by the stator. As the magnetomotive force in the star and delta winding is different, more harmonic contents are generated, but with rather load amplitudes. The method presented here also considers the additional harmonic content by determining the corresponding winding factors.