Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Method of the Protected Volume LPZ0B of Lightning Air-Termination Systems

The protection system for the structures against lightning is basically constituted by means of an air termination system, down-conductors and a ground-termination system. The IEC standard 62305 introduces the rolling sphere method to analyze and to design the protected volumes of air-termination systems with a complex configuration. In order to avoid the exposure of equipment and elements on the building roof to direct lightning in the design and the following operation with new exigencies, the identification of the protected volumes LPZ0B allows taking corrective measures if needed. The suggested method assumes as reference element a pair of rods for the air termination system and proposes to identify the protected volume combining the two IEC methods of the graphical rolling sphere with the protective angle. The protected volume method proposes, as simpler first step, the mathematical calculation of the minimum protection height of prospected profile described by the rolling sphere, useful for a preliminary evaluation. As second step, the method completes the definition of the protected volume section, describing a cautionary model that replaces the circular sector of the rolling sphere with a “vase section” shape, applying the protective angle method.
Multiple Fingerprinting Localization by an Artificial Neural Network

Fingerprinting localization is a promising indoor positioning methods thanks to its advantage of using preinstalled infrastructure. For example, WiFi signal strength can be measured by pre-existing WiFi routers. In the offline phase, the fingerprinting localization method first stores of position and RSSI measurement pairs in a dataset. Second, it predicts a target’s location by comparing the stored fingerprint database to the current measurement. The database size is normally huge, and data patterns are complicated; thus, an artificial neural network is used to model the relationship of fingerprints and locations. The existing fingerprinting locations, however, have been developed to predict only single locations. In practice, many users may require positioning services, and as such, the core algorithm should be capable of multiple localizations, which is the main contribution of this paper. In this paper, multiple fingerprinting localization is developed based on an artificial neural network and an analysis of the number of targets that can be estimated without loss of accuracy is conducted by experiments.
Evaluation of the Properties and Microstructure of Thick-Walled Welded Joint of Wear Resistant Materials

The research was conducted on a thick-walled welded joint between the HTK 900H wear-resistant steel plates and the A6 cast profile. The aim of the experiment was to produce a joint with the relevant performance requirements, i.e., a good abrasion resistance joint in the weld face area while ensuring its proper plasticity. The welded joint was made using the MAG PULSE and the high-performance MAG TANDEM methods under automated conditions using the linear welding energy ranging from 1.2 to 2.2 kJ/mm for the different joint regions. The scope of the research included both non-destructive and destructive testing. The non-destructive visual (VT), magnetic-particle (MT), and ultrasonic (UT) tests revealed a good quality of the welded joint with no significant welding imperfections. The microstructure of the welded joint in the weld zone was characterized by a dominant volume fraction of martensite/bainite. The measurement of hardness near the face of the weld confirmed obtaining similar values for this parameter. The HTK 900H steel was characterized by hardness at the level of 383 HV10, whereas the A6 cast-328 HV10, and the weld-276 HV10. At the same time, the analyzed joint showed high ductility in the range of 86 to 159 J. The tests carried out showed that the linear energy control allowed a welded joint with the required performance characteristics to be obtained.
Systematics of Higher-spin Light-front Interactions

The original cubic interaction terms for higher spin gauge fields in four dimensions and their reformulation using Fock space vertex operators is reviewed. As a new result, the complete list of all cubic vertex functions in D=4 is derived. It is observed, contrary to what would have been expected, that the non-linear dynamical Poincare transformations do not restrict the cubic interactions beyond what is required by kinematics. The role of the SU(1,1) algebra of tracelessness constraints is clarified. It is shown that higher spin fields couple non-minimally to gravity at the cubic level in D=4 light-front dynamics. Based on a detailed analysis of the structure of the light-front Poincare algebra, the formalism is then generalized to all orders in the interaction. The interacting theory, being a deformation of the free theory, takes the form of a strongly homotopy Lie algebra. It is conjectured that the ensuing recursive equations, if they can be explicitly solved, will encode all interaction data into a denumerable set of functions of p+, the overall transverse momentum structure being fixed already at the kinematical level.
Consistent closure of renormalization group flow equations in quantum gravity

We construct a consistent closure for the beta functions of the cosmological and Newton's constants by evaluating the influence of the fluctuating metric and ghost fields anomalous dimensions on their flow. In this generalized framework we confirm the presence of a UV attractive non-Gaussian fixed-point. Our closure method is general and can be applied systematically to more general truncations of the gravitational effective average action.
Caching in Cellular Networks Based on Multipoint Multicast Transmissions

We consider cellular network caching with network-wide Orthogonal Multipoint Multicast (OMPMC) delivery. We apply a probabilistic model for content placement at the Base Stations (BSs). Content is delivered with multipoint multicast operating in file-specific orthogonal resources: all BSs caching a distinct file synchronously multicast it to requesting users in a dedicated resource. For a network modeled as a Poisson Point Process (PPP), an expression for the outage probability is derived. The outage-minimizing cache policy is found from a joint constrained optimization problem over cache placement and resource allocation. We devise principles by which the solution in one propagation environment can be generalized to another. To reduce computational complexity, we obtain a sub-optimal solution based on convex relaxation. We obtain an upper bound of the gap between the optimal and sub-optimal solutions. We compare the outage performance of OMPMC with delivery polices from the literature. Simulation results show that exploiting OMPMC with optimal cache placement and resource allocation outperforms single point cache delivery policies with a wide margin.
Regulation of Genes Related to Cognition after tDCS in an Intermittent Hypoxic Brain Injury Rat Model

Background: Hypoxic brain injury is a condition caused by restricted oxygen supply to the brain. Several studies have reported cognitive decline, particularly in spatial memory, after exposure to intermittent hypoxia (IH). However, the effect and mechanism of action of IH exposure on cognition have not been evaluated by analyzing gene expression after transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of tDCS on gene regulation and cognition in a rat model of IH-induced brain injury. Methods: Twenty-four 10-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups: IH exposed rats with no stimulation and IH-exposed rats that received tDCS. All rats were exposed to a hypoxic chamber containing 10% oxygen for twelve hours a day for five days. The stimulation group received tDCS at an intensity of 200 µA over the frontal bregma areas for 30 min each day for a week. As a behavior test, the escape latency on the Morris water maze (MWM) test was measured to assess spatial memory before and after stimulation. After seven days of stimulation, gene microarray analysis was conducted with a KEGG mapper tool. Results: Although there were no significant differences between the groups before and after stimulation, there was a significant effect of time and a significant time × group interaction on escape latency. In the microarray analysis, significant fold changes in 12 genes related to neurogenesis were found in the stimulation group after tDCS (p < 0.05, fold change > 2 times, the average of the normalized read count (RC) > 6 times). The highly upregulated genes in the stimulation group after tDCS were SOS, Raf, PI3K, Rac1, IRAK, and Bax. The highly downregulated genes in the stimulation group after tDCS were CHK, Crk, Rap1, p38, Ras, and NF-kB. Conclusion: In this study, we confirmed that SOS, Raf, PI3K, Rac1, IRAK, and Bax were upregulated and that CHK, Crk, Rap1, p38, Ras, and NF-kB were downregulated in a rat model of IH-induced brain injury after application of tDCS.
Beyond ports, roads and railways: Chinese economic statecraft, the Belt and Road Initiative and the politics of financial infrastructures

Scholars have focused on how the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) facilitates Chinese economic statecraft and its likely impact on the global order. A common thread thereby is how connectivity through China’s construction of physical infrastructures (e.g. ports, roads, railways) represents a source of power. However, such a focus on physical infrastructures obscures the importance of BRI-related financial infrastructures. Addressing this gap, this article analyses the construction of Chinese financial infrastructures along the BRI as an exercise of economic statecraft within the context of the liberal, US-dominated global financial order. The article traces the activities of China’s state-owned exchanges as crucial actors that facilitate financial connectivity by enabling investment into BRI projects (investment opportunities), bringing Chinese investors into BRI markets (investors structure) and gradually shaping how these markets work (investment rules). First, I analyse three individual countries (Pakistan, Kazakhstan and Bangladesh) as examples of ‘bilateral’ and ‘offensive’ statecraft. Second, I analyse an emerging China-centred global network of financial infrastructures as exercise of ‘systemic’ and ‘defensive’ statecraft that shields China’s foreign policy objectives (i.e. BRI) from global pressures, potentially creating a parallel system of capital markets with Chinese characteristics. Beyond BRI, I therefore argue for including financial infrastructures more thoroughly into International Relations (IR)/International Political Economy (IPE) scholarship as important object of analysis.
Assessment of the Effects of Triticonazole on Soil and Human Health

Triticonazole is a fungicide used to control diseases in numerous plants. The commercial product is a racemate containing (R)- and (S)-triticonazole and its residues have been found in vegetables, fruits, and drinking water. This study considered the effects of triticonazole on soil microorganisms and enzymes and human health by taking into account the enantiomeric structure when applicable. An experimental method was applied for assessing the effects of triticonazole on soil microorganisms and enzymes, and the effects of the stereoisomers on soil enzymes and human health were assessed using a computational approach. There were decreases in dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities and an increase in urease activity when barley and wheat seeds treated with various doses of triticonazole were sown in chernozem soil. At least 21 days were necessary for the enzymes to recover the activities. This was consistent with the diminution of the total number of soil microorganisms in the 14 days after sowing. Both stereoisomers were able to bind to human plasma proteins and were potentially inhibitors of human cytochromes, revealing cardiotoxicity and low endocrine disruption potential. As distinct effects, (R)-TTZ caused skin sensitization, carcinogenicity, and respiratory toxicity. There were no significant differences in the interaction energies of the stereoisomers and soil enzymes, but (S)-TTZ exposed higher interaction energies with plasma proteins and human cytochromes.
A class of exactly solved assisted-hopping models of active-inactive state transition on a line

We construct a class of assisted-hopping models in one dimension in which a particle can move only if it has exactly one occupied neighbour, or if it lies in an otherwise empty interval of length . We determine the exact steady state by a mapping to a gas of defects with only on-site interaction. We show that this system undergoes a phase transition as a function of the density ρ of particles, from a low-density phase with all particles immobile for , to an active state for \rho_c$ ? > . The mean fraction of movable particles in the active steady state varies as , for ρ near . We show that for the model with range n, the exponent , and thus can be made arbitrarily large.
Spatiotemporal Differentiation of Impervious Surface in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomeration From 2000 to 2019

Since impervious surface (IS) is an important indicator of urbanization level and ecological environment, studying the spatiotemporal differentiation of IS has become an urgent issue in urban sustainable development research. Different from previous IS monitoring at intervals of several years, this letter proposed a new spatiotemporal differentiation method of IS on an annual time scale in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2019. The results show that IS in the BTH has increased steadily, from 16743.78 km2 in 2000 to 28270.06 km2 in 2019. The growth trends of IS are mostly characterized by outward expansion centered on the urban area, and there are obvious differences in the IS expansion of cities within BTH due to different urban patterns and development strategies. These results can provide references for the urban development and planning of national-level urban agglomerations.
Efficient collisional blockade loading of a single atom into a tight microtrap

We show that controlled inelastic collisions can improve the single atom loading efficiency in the collisional blockade regime of optical microtraps. A collisional loss process where only one of the colliding atoms is lost, implemented during loading, enables us to kick out one of the atoms as soon as a second atom enters the optical microtrap. When this happens faster than the pair loss, which has limited the loading efficiency of previous experiments to about 50%, we experimentally observe an enhancement to 80%. A simple analytical theory predicts the loading dynamics. Our results open up an efficient and fast route for loading individual atoms into optical tweezers and arrays of microtraps that are too tight for easy implementation of the method reported in [, ]. The loading of tight traps with single atoms is a requirement for their applications in future experiments in quantum information processing and few-body physics.
Simulations of tidally induced spiral arms

The origin of grand design spiral structure in galaxies is still under debate but one of promising scenarios involves tidal interactions. We use N-body simulations to study the evolution of a Milky Way-size galaxy in a Virgo-like cluster. The galaxy is placed on a typical eccentric orbit and evolved for 10 Gyr. We find that grand design spiral arms are triggered by pericenter passages and later on they wind up and dissipate. The arms formed in the simulations are approximately logarithmic, but are also dynamic, transient and recurrent.
The role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway in the pulmonary vascular remodeling of pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats

: This study aimed to investigate the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase / protein kinase B (PI3K / Akt) signaling pathway in the pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in rats. A PAH model in rats was established through a left pneumonectomy and monocrotaline (MCT) injection, using the transglutaminase 2 (TG2) inhibitor cystamine dihydrochloride for intervention. Thirty healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into a control group, a model group, and an intervention group ( n = 10 for each group). The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was measured in all groups after 35 days, and the right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) was calculated. Hematoxylin and eosin and lung elastic-fiber staining were used on the rats’ lung tissue in all three groups. The changes in pulmonary blood vessels and lung tissue force and the percentage of medial hypertrophy of small pulmonary arteries (WT%), vessel wall area to total area ratio (WA%), and the neointimal proliferation degree were observed. The Akt messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of lung tissues in all three groups were measured using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, and the protein expression levels of Akt and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) in all three groups were measured using a Western blot assay. The results indicated that the PI3K / Akt signaling pathway might play a substantial role in inhibiting pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) following intervention with a TG2 inhibitor.
Liverpool Telescope follow-up of candidate electromagnetic counterparts during the first run of Advanced LIGO

The first direct detection of gravitational waves was made in late 2015 with the Advanced LIGO detectors. By prior arrangement, a worldwide collaboration of electromagnetic follow-up observers were notified of candidate gravitational wave events during the first science run, and many facilities were engaged in the search for counterparts. No counterparts were identified, which is in line with expectations given that the events were classified as black hole - black hole mergers. However these searches laid the foundation for similar follow-up campaigns in future gravitational wave detector science runs, in which the detection of neutron star merger events with observable electromagnetic counterparts is much more likely. Three alerts were issued to the electromagnetic collaboration over the course of the first science run, which lasted from September 2015 to January 2016. Two of these alerts were associated with the gravitational wave events since named GW150914 and GW151226. In this paper we provide an overview of the Liverpool Telescope contribution to the follow-up campaign over this period. Given the hundreds of square degree uncertainty in the sky position of any gravitational wave event, efficient searching for candidate counterparts required survey telescopes with large (~degrees) fields-of-view. The role of the Liverpool Telescope was to provide follow-up classification spectroscopy of any candidates. We followed candidates associated with all three alerts, observing 1, 9 and 17 candidates respectively. We classify the majority of the transients we observed as supernovae.
LIMITS ON THE NUMBER OF GALACTIC YOUNG SUPERNOVA REMNANTS EMITTING IN THE DECAY LINES OF 44Ti

We revise the assumptions of the parameters involved in predicting the number of supernova remnants detectable in the nuclear lines of the decay chain of 44Ti. Specifically, we consider the distribution of the supernova progenitors, the supernova rate in the Galaxy, the ratios of supernova types, the Galactic production of 44Ti, and the 44Ti yield from supernovae of different types to derive credible bounds on the expected number of detectable remnants. We find that, within 1σ uncertainty, the Galaxy should contain an average of remnants detectable to a survey with a 44Ti decay line flux limit of 10−5 photons cm−2 s−1, with a probability of detecting a single remnant of , and an expected number of detections between two and nine remnants, making the single detection of Cas A unlikely but consistent with our models. Our results show that the probability of detecting the brightest 44Ti flux source at the high absolute Galactic longitude of Cas A or above is ∼10%. Using the detected flux of Cas A, we attempt to constrain the Galactic supernova rate and Galactic production of 44Ti, but find the detection to be only weakly informative. We conclude that even future surveys having 200 times more sensitivity than state-of-the-art surveys can be guaranteed to detect only a few new remnants, with an expected number of detections between 8 and 21 at a limiting 44Ti decay flux of 10−7 photons cm−2 s−1.
Archaeological Testing and Monitoring of a Service Drive at Mission San Juan Capistrano, San Antonio, Texas

Archaeological testing for the installation of a new service drive and monitoring the removal of the existing service drive at Mission San Juan Capistrano was conducted in November, 1997 and October, 1999 respectively, by the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) at The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) for the National Park Service (NPS). The results of the testing and monitoring indicated that no intact Colonial midden deposits were observed, and few Colonial artifacts were recovered within the proposed service drive right-ofway. Three post-Colonial trash deposits were documented within the project area; however, due to the disturbed nature of these deposits which contain stratigraphically mixed nineteenth and twentieth century materials the research potential of such deposits is considered minimal and it is recommended that no further archaeological investigations are required prior to the construction of the service drive. Also included as an Appendix to this report is a brief analysis of an isolated burial discovered during a monitoring project at Mission San Juan in 1999. These remains have since been reinterred by NPS.
The CoRoT Exoplanet Program for the next 3 years

The CoRoT mission is a space telescope devoted to the search and characterization of extrasolar planets and the study of stellar interiors via asteroseismology. The nominal mission lifetime of 3 years was extended in October 2010 until March 2013. Recently, the CoRoT Scientific Comittee has submitted a proposal for a 3 year prolongation. We describe here the main goals of the exoplanet program for the proposed CoRoT extension period 2013-2015.
Star products on graded manifolds and $\alpha'$-corrections to double field theory

Originally proposed as an O(d, d)-invariant formulation of classical closed string theory, double field theory (DFT) offers a rich source of mathematical structures. Most prominently, its gauge algebra is determined by the so-called C-bracket, a generalization of the Courant bracket of generalized geometry, in the sense that it reduces to the latter by restricting the theory to solutions of a “strong constraint”. Recently, infinitesimal deformations of these structures in the string sigma model coupling α′ were found. In this short contribution, we review constructing the Drinfel’d double of a Lie bialgebroid and offer how this can be applied to reproduce the C-bracket of DFT in terms of Poisson brackets. As a consequence, we are able to explain the α′deformations via a graded version of the Moyal-Weyl product in a class of examples. We conclude with comments on the relation between Band β-transformations in generalized geometry and the Atiyah algebra on the Drinfel’d double.
A Novel Optimized Orthogonal Hybrid Firefly Based Ant Colony Method Occupying MPPT For Single Stage PV Water Pumping Applications

This paper describes a novel optimized orthogonal hybrid firefly based ant colony method (NOOHFACM) as a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for photovoltaic (PV) systems with water pumping applications. The proposed MPPT method established rapid convergence velocity and optimal PV power tracking under changing environmental conditions compared to firefly and ant colony optimized (ACO) algorithms. Moreover, the hybrid fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based PI controller is employed for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) considering PV water pumping applications. Practical validation using dSPACE DS1104 interfaced is carried out to confirm the system attainment.