Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zeros of Modular Forms in Thin Sets and Effective Quantum Unique Ergodicity

We study the distribution of zeros of holomorphic Hecke cusp forms in several "thin" sets as the weight, k, tends to infinity. We obtain unconditional results for slowly shrinking (with k) hyperbolic balls. This relies on a new, effective, proof of Rudnick's theorem and on an effective version of Quantum Unique Ergodicity for holomorphic forms, which we obtain in this paper. In addition, assuming the Generalized Lindel\"of Hypothesis or looking only at almost all Hecke cusp forms, we get a formula with a power saving bound for the error term. We also study the zeros high up in the cusp. Here it is conjectured by Ghosh and Sarnak that these zeros lie on two vertical geodesics. We show that for almost all forms a positive proportion of zeros high up in the cusp are on these geodesics. For all forms, assuming the Generalized Lindel\"of Hypothesis, we obtain lower bounds on the number of such zeros which are significantly better than the unconditional results.
Extended time handling strategies for the improvement of prediction accuracy in event driven power estimation

This paper presents a methodology for calculating very accurate mean power estimates for integrated digital CMOS circuits at gate level. It is shown that by means of improving the time and history handling algorithm of an event driven simulation system can increase the accuracy of predicted power consumption up to 20% compared to a previous, highly efficient method. The outlined approach is capable of handling complex circuits as well as very large sets of input vectors in an efficient way. It is demonstrated that the use of the proposed method, i.e. a specialized event oriented simulation system calibrated with gate specific parameters, results in overall estimation figures which are comparable to transistor level (SPICE) simulation accuracy and in a speed-up of about 10000. This allows both the simulation of very large circuits and the improvement of key design parameters such as yield during manufacturing process optimization, which typically requires repeated estimation runs. Experimental results for a benchmark circuit are detailed which demonstrate significant improvements in terms of performance, accuracy and flexibility of this approach compared to other state of the art power estimation methods.
Environmental Regulation and Productivity: Evidence from Oil Refineries

We examine the effect of air quality regulation on productivity in some of the most heavily regulated manufacturing plants in the United States, the oil refineries of the Los Angeles (South Coast) Air Basin. We use direct measures of local air pollution regulation to estimate their effects on abatement investment. Refineries not subject to these regulations are used as a comparison group. We study a period of sharply increased regulation between 1979 and 1992. Initial compliance with each regulation cost 3 million per plant and a further 5 million to comply with increased stringency. We construct measures of total factor productivity using Census of Manufacturers output and materials data that report physical quantities of inputs and outputs for the entire population of refineries. Despite high costs associated with the local regulations, productivity in the Los Angeles Air Basin refineries rose sharply between 1987 and 1992, which was a period of decreased refinery productivity in other regions. We conclude that abatement cost measures may grossly overstate the economic cost of environmental regulation as abatement can increase productivity.
Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effects from Quasars in Galaxies and Groups

The energy fed by active galactic nuclei to the surrounding diffuse baryons changes their amount, temperature, and distribution; so in groups and in member galaxies it affects the X-ray luminosity and also the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. Here we compute how the latter is enhanced by the transient blast wave driven by an active quasar and is depressed when the equilibrium is recovered with a depleted density. We constrain such depressions and enhancements with the masses of relic black holes in galaxies and the X-ray luminosities in groups. We discuss how all these linked observables can tell the quasar contribution to the thermal history of the baryons pervading galaxies and groups.
CRITICAL REMARKS ON SOME APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE ANALYSIS WITH EMPHASIS ON STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY

Hasil penyelidikan dari Rijal dan Noor dan mengenai kegunaan kaedah statistik dan punca ketidakpastian yang berhubungkait dengan membuat pentadbiran ketika menggunakan imej digit memberi motivasi kepada kajian ini. Dalam kertas kerja ini tiga contoh lagi dikemukakan dengan tujuan memberi pandangan keseluruhan mengenai applikasi (termasuk secara statistik) analisis imej digit, dan isu–isu am diberi penekanan. Satu kesimpulan dari kajian ini adalah kaedah statistik/matematik harus diberi peranan penting dalam analisis imej digit. Kata kunci: Analisis imej digit; kaedah statistik; perbandingan secara kritikal contoh-contoh terpilih The results of Rijal and Noor and regarding the use of statistical methods and sources of uncertainty associated with making inferences when using digital images provide the motivation for this study. In this paper three other examples are presented with the purpose of providing an overview of applications (possibly statistical) of image analysis, and general issues highlighted. One conclusion from this study is that statistical/mathematical methodology should be emphasized in digital image analysis. Key words: Digital image analysis
Representations of quivers, their generalizations and invariants

This paper is a survey on invariants of representations of quivers and their generalizations such as (super)mixed representations by Zubkov, orthogonal and symplectic representations by Derksen and Weyman, and representations of signed quivers by Shmelkin. Working over a field of arbitrary characteristic we present the description of generating systems for invariants and relations between generators.
THE GALAXY CONTENT OF SDSS CLUSTERS AND GROUPS

Imaging data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey are used to characterize the population of galaxies in groups and clusters detected with the MaxBCG algorithm. We investigate the dependence of brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) luminosity, and the distributions of satellite galaxy luminosity and satellite color, on cluster properties over the redshift range 0.1 ⩽ z ⩽ 0.3. The size of the data set allows us to make measurements in many bins of cluster richness, radius and redshift. We find that, within r200 of clusters with mass above 3 × 1013h−1M☉, the luminosity function (LF) of both red and blue satellites is only weakly dependent on richness. We further find that the shape of the satellite LF does not depend on cluster-centric distance for magnitudes brighter than 0.25Mi − 5log10h =−19. However, the mix of faint red and blue galaxies changes dramatically. The satellite red fraction is dependent on cluster-centric distance, galaxy luminosity, and cluster mass, and also increases by ∼5% between redshifts 0.28 and 0.2, independent of richness. We find that BCG luminosity is tightly correlated with cluster richness, scaling as LBCG ∼ M0.3200, and has a Gaussian distribution at fixed richness, with σlogL ∼ 0.17 for massive clusters. The ratios of BCG luminosity to total cluster luminosity and characteristic satellite luminosity scale strongly with cluster richness: in richer systems, BCGs contribute a smaller fraction of the total light, but are brighter compared to typical satellites. This study demonstrates the power of cross-correlation techniques for measuring galaxy populations in purely photometric data.
Clinical Correlates and Prognostic Significance of Exercise-Induced Ventricular Premature Beats in the Community: The Framingham Heart Study

Background—Recent investigations suggest that ventricular premature beats during exercise (EVPBs) are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in asymptomatic individuals, but mechanisms underlying the association are unclear. Method and Results—We evaluated 2885 Framingham Offspring Study participants (1397 men; mean age, 43 years) who were free of cardiovascular disease and who underwent a routine exercise stress test; 792 participants (27%) had development of EVPBs (median, 0.22/min of exercise). Logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of EVPBs. Cox models were used to examine the relations of infrequent (less than or equal to median) and frequent (greater than median) versus no EVPBs to incidence of hard coronary heart disease (CHD) event (recognized myocardial infarction, coronary insufficiency, or CHD death) and all-cause mortality, adjusting for vascular risk factors and exercise variables. Age and male sex were key correlates of EVPBs. During follow-up (mean, 15 years), 142 (113 men) had a first hard CHD event and 171 participants (109 men) died. EVPBs were not associated with hard CHD events but were associated with increased all-cause mortality rates (multivariable-adjusted hazards ratio, 1.86, 95% CI, 1.24 to 2.79 for infrequent, and 1.71, 95% CI, 1.18 to 2.49 for frequent EVPBs versus none). The relations of EVPBs to mortality risk were not influenced by VPB grade, presence of recovery VPBs, left ventricular dysfunction, or an ischemic ST-segment response. Conclusions—In our large, community-based sample of asymptomatic individuals, EVPBs were associated with increased risk of death at a much lower threshold than previously reported. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings and to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
Remarks on Four-Dimensional Probabilistic Finite Automata

This paper is a study of four-dimensional automata. Recently, due to the advances in many application areas such as dynamic image processing, computer animation, augmented reality (AR), and so on, it is useful for analyzing computation of four-dimensional information processing (three-dimensional pattern processing with time axis) to explicate the properties of four-dimensional automata. From this point of view, we have investigated many properties of four-dimensional automata and computational complexity. On the other hand, the class of sets accepted by probabilistic machines have been studied extensively. As far as we know, however, there is no results concerned with four-dimensional probabilistic machines. In this paper, we introduce four-dimensional probabilistic finite automata, and investigate some accepting powers of them.
Joint iterative CCI and ICI cancellation for STBC-OFDM system in fast fading channel

The performance analysis of Alamouti space time block code (STBC) based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is often analyzed on the assumption that the channel is constant over Alamouti code period (two consecutive OFDM symbol block). But when the channel is fast fading, this assumption does not hold good and causes co-channel interference (CCI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI). In this paper, an iterative interference cancellation is proposed for STBC OFDM to suppress both the CCI and ICI effect jointly. The proposed scheme consists of two stage interference cancellation. In the first stage the CCI cancellation is performed based on Diagonalized Zero Forcing Detection (DZFD) method. In the latter stage a simplified parallel interference cancellation (PIC) scheme coupled with decision statistics combining (DSC) method is used to cancel the ICI effect and hence improves the system performance. The simulation results verify that the proposed scheme achieves good performance for STBC OFDM system in high mobility environment.
Evidence of an association among age-related changes in physical, psychomotor and autonomic function.

BACKGROUND autonomic modulation of the heart, as measured by heart rate variability, is directly associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and inversely associated with all-cause mortality. The extent to which cardiorespiratory fitness and heart rate variability are related in older adults is difficult to ascertain due to difficulties in assessing physical fitness among older age groups. OBJECTIVE to examine heart rate variability and measures of physical function, thereby allowing for the inclusion of a greater cross-section of older adults than can be tested using traditional fitness tests. METHODS 39 older adults (mean age: 73.2+/-8.1 years; range=60-93 years) underwent evaluation of short-term (5 min) heart rate variability and performance of the American Alliance for Health Physical Education Recreation and Dance Functional Fitness Assessment for Older Adults. Pearson correlation, stepwise multiple regression, and factor analysis were used to describe associations among age, heart rate variability, and functional fitness test-items. RESULTS significant associations were observed for age and the standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (r=-0.39, P<0.01), and the American Alliance for Health Physical Education Recreation and Dance cardiovascular endurance (r=0.45, P<0.01), strength (r=-0.53, P<0.001), agility (r=0.80, P<0.001), and coordination (r=0.57, P<0.001) items. Standard deviation of all normal RR intervals was negatively associated with the American Alliance for Health Physical Education Recreation and Dance agility (r=-0.37, P<0.01) and coordination (r=-0.49, P<0.001) items. Stepwise multiple regression included only the American Alliance for Health Physical Education Recreation and Dance coordination performance in predicting standard deviation of all normal RR intervals [standard deviation=63.98-2.5 (coordination), F=33.9, P<0.01]. Factor analysis revealed that age, agility, and coordination comprised one factor with a high degree of commonality. CONCLUSION the association between heart rate variability and coordination suggests concurrent aging of autonomic and psychomotor function.
Vocabulario emocional en la producción oral en español como lengua de migración

The present study analysed the emotional vocabulary in oral production of a group of adult migrant learners of Spanish. The main results were as follows: (a) almost one third of the discourse of these migrants consisted of emotional words, especially positive ones; (b) length of stay in Spain correlated positively with the number of tokens and types (both total and lexical), as well as with the number of negative emotional tokens used by the participants; (c) younger participants achieved a greater degree of linguistic accuracy; (d) a higher communicative competence in Spanish was positively linked to the production of more emotional words.
Infrared Spectroscopy of NGC 1068: Probing the Obscured Ionizing AGN Continuum

The ISO-SWS 2.5-45 μm infrared spectroscopic observations of the nucleus of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068 (see companion paper) are combined with a compilation of UV to IR narrow emission line data to determine the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the obscured extreme-UV continuum that photoionizes the narrow-line-emitting gas in the active galactic nucleus. We search a large grid of gas-cloud models and SEDs for the combination that best reproduces the observed line fluxes and narrow-line region (NLR) geometry. Our best-fit model reproduces the observed line fluxes to better than a factor of 2 on average and is in general agreement with the observed NLR geometry. It has two gas components that are consistent with a clumpy distribution of dense outflowing gas in the center and a more extended distribution of less dense and more clumpy gas farther out that has no net outflow. The best-fit SED has a deep trough at ~4 rydbergs, which is consistent with an intrinsic Big Blue Bump that is partially absorbed by ~6 × 1019 cm-2 of neutral hydrogen interior to the NLR.
MHD free convection heat and mass transfer flow of viscoelastic fluid embedded in a porous medium of variable permeability with radiation effect and heat source in slip flow regime

An analysis has been carried out to obtain the free convective heat and mass transfer characteristics of an incompressible MHD viscoelast ic fluid flow immersed in a porous medium of variable permeability bounded by an infinite por ous vertical plate in slip flow regime in the presence of a transverse magnetic field with heat sand radiation effects. The permeability of the porous medium decreases exponentially with t ime about a constant mean. Approximate solutions have been obtained for the velocity, temp erature, concentration, skin friction and rate of heat transfer. The numerical results are display ed graphically to study the effect of several pertinent parameters such as viscoelasticity, perme ability of the porous medium, magnetic field, Grashof number, modified Grashof number, Schmidt nu mber, Prandtl number, radiation parameter, heat source/sink parameter and rarefacti on parameter on the flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics. The numerical results of velocity distribution of viscoelastic fluid are compared with the corresponding flow problems for afluid.
Recognition of a Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome

OBJECTIVE. We sought to define the characteristics that distinguish Kawasaki disease shock syndrome from hemodynamically normal Kawasaki disease. METHODS. We collected data prospectively for all patients with Kawasaki disease who were treated at a single institution during a 4-year period. We defined Kawasaki disease shock syndrome on the basis of systolic hypotension for age, a sustained decrease in systolic blood pressure from baseline of ≥20%, or clinical signs of poor perfusion. We compared clinical and laboratory features, coronary artery measurements, and responses to therapy and analyzed indices of ventricular systolic and diastolic function during acute and convalescent Kawasaki disease. RESULTS. Of 187 consecutive patients with Kawasaki disease, 13 (7%) met the definition for Kawasaki disease shock syndrome. All received fluid resuscitation, and 7 (54%) required vasoactive infusions. Compared with patients without shock, patients with Kawasaki disease shock syndrome were more often female and had larger proportions of bands, higher C-reactive protein concentrations, and lower hemoglobin concentrations and platelet counts. Evidence of consumptive coagulopathy was common in the Kawasaki disease shock syndrome group. Patients with Kawasaki disease shock syndrome more often had impaired left ventricular systolic function (ejection fraction of <54%: 4 of 13 patients [31%] vs 2 of 86 patients [4%]), mitral regurgitation (5 of 13 patients [39%] vs 2 of 83 patients [2%]), coronary artery abnormalities (8 of 13 patients [62%] vs 20 of 86 patients [23%]), and intravenous immunoglobulin resistance (6 of 13 patients [46%] vs 32 of 174 patients [18%]). Impairment of ventricular relaxation and compliance persisted among patients with Kawasaki disease shock syndrome after the resolution of other hemodynamic disturbances. CONCLUSIONS. Kawasaki disease shock syndrome is associated with more-severe laboratory markers of inflammation and greater risk of coronary artery abnormalities, mitral regurgitation, and prolonged myocardial dysfunction. These patients may be resistant to immunoglobulin therapy and require additional antiinflammatory treatment.
The Protective Effects of Icariin against the Homocysteine-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Primary Embryonic Cultures of Rat Cortical Neurons

Icariin, an ingredient in the medicinal herb Epimedium brevicornum Maxim (EbM), has been considered as a potential therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Hyperhomocysteinaemia is a risk factor for AD and other associated neurological diseases. In this study we aim to investigate whether icariin can reverse homocysteine (Hcy)-induced neurotoxicity in primary embryonic cultures of rat cortical neurons. Our findings demonstrated that icariin might be able restore the cytoskeleton network damaged by Hcy through the modulation of acetyl-α-tubulin, tyrosinated-α-tubulin, and phosphorylation of the tubulin-binding protein Tau. In addition, icariin downregulated p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) which is a kinase targeting tau protein. Furthermore, icariin effectively restored the neuroprotective protein p-Akt that was downregulated by Hcy. We also applied RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays focused on genes related to AD and neurotoxicity to examine genes differentially altered by Hcy or icariin. Among the altered genes from the arrays, ADAM9 was downregulated 15 folds in cells treated with Hcy, but markedly restored by icariin. ADAM family, encoded α-secreatase, plays a protective role in AD. Overall, our findings demonstrated that icariin exhibits a strong neuroprotective function and have potential for future development for drug treating neurological disorders, such as AD.
The reliability of age measurements for Young Stellar Objects from Hertzsprung-Russell or color-magnitude diagrams

The possibility to estimate ages and masses of Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) from their location in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD) or a color-magnitude diagram provides a very important tool for the investigation of fundamental questions related to the processes of star formation and early stellar evolution. Age estimates are essential for studies of the temporal evolution of circumstellar material around YSOs and the conditions for planet formation. The characterization of the age distribution of the YSOs in a star forming region allows researchers to reconstruct the star formation history and provides important information on the fundamental question of whether star formation is a slow or a fast process. However, the reliability of these age measurements and the ability to detect possible age spreads in the stellar population of star forming regions are fundamentally limited by several factors. The variability of YSOs, unresolved binary components, and uncertainties in the calibrations of the stellar parameters cause uncertainties in the derived luminosities that are usually much larger than the typical photometry errors. Furthermore, the pre-main sequence evolution track of a YSO depends to some degree on the initial conditions and the details of its individual accretion history. I discuss how these observational and model uncertainties affect the derived isochronal ages, and demonstrate how neglecting or underestimating these uncertainties can easily lead to severe misinterpretations, gross overestimates of the age spread, and ill-based conclusions about the star formation history. These effects are illustrated by means of Monte-Carlo simulations of observed star clusters with realistic observational uncertainties. The most important points are as follows. First, the observed scatter in the HRD must not be confused with a genuine age spread, but is always just an upper limit to the true age spread. Second, histograms of isochronal ages naturally show a decreasing number of stars for ages above the median, a pattern that can be misinterpreted as an accelerating star formation rate. Third, it is emphasized that many star forming regions consist of several sub-groups, which often have different ages. If these distinct stellar populations cannot be disentangled (e.g., due to projection effects) and the HRD of all stars in the region is used for an age analysis, it is very difficult (often impossible) to discern between the scenario of an extended period of star formation (i.e. a large age spread) and the alternative concept of a temporal sequence of several discrete star formation episodes. Considering these factors, most observations of star forming regions suggest that age spreads are usually smaller than the corresponding crossing times, supporting the scenario of fast and dynamic star formation.