Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapamycin selectively reduces the association of transcripts containing complex 5′ UTRs with ribosomes in C4‐2B prostate cancer cells

mTOR pathway inhibitors, specifically rapamycin and its derivatives, are promising therapeutics that targets downstream pathways including protein translation. We examined the effects of a series of inhibitors targeting various pathways on ribosomal polysome distribution, overall translation rates, and translation of specific mRNAs in the bone derived prostate cancer cell line, C4‐2B. Treatment with either rapamycin, PD98059 or LY294002 failed to change the distribution of polysomes in sucrose gradients. Although no change in the accumulation of heavy polysomes was observed, there was an overall decrease in the rate of translation caused by treatment with rapamycin or LY294002. Inhibiting the MAPK pathway with PD98059 decreased overall translation by 20%, but had no effect on mRNAs containing a 5′ terminal oligopyrimidine tract (TOP) sequences or those with complex 5′ UTRs. In contrast, treatment with rapamycin for 24 h reduced overall translation by approximately 45% and affected the translation of mRNAs with complex 5′ UTRs, specifically VEGF and HIF1α. After 24 h, LY294002 treatment alone decreased overall translation by 60%, more than was observed with rapamycin. Although LY294002 and similar inhibitors are effective at blocking prostate cancer cell growth, they act upstream of AKT and PTEN and cancer cells can find a way to bypass this inhibition. Thus, we propose that inhibiting downstream targets such as mTOR or targets of mTOR will provide rational approaches to developing new combination therapies focused on reducing growth of prostate cancer after arrival in the bone environment. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 473–481, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An overview of malaria transmission from the perspective of Amazon Anopheles vectors

In the Americas, areas with a high risk of malaria transmission are mainly located in the Amazon Forest, which extends across nine countries. One keystone step to understanding the Plasmodium life cycle in Anopheles species from the Amazon Region is to obtain experimentally infected mosquito vectors. Several attempts to colonise Ano- pheles species have been conducted, but with only short-lived success or no success at all. In this review, we review the literature on malaria transmission from the perspective of its Amazon vectors. Currently, it is possible to develop experimental Plasmodium vivax infection of the colonised and field-captured vectors in laboratories located close to Amazonian endemic areas. We are also reviewing studies related to the immune response to P. vivax infection of Anopheles aquasalis, a coastal mosquito species. Finally, we discuss the importance of the modulation of Plasmodium infection by the vector microbiota and also consider the anopheline genomes. The establishment of experimental mosquito infections with Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium berghei parasites that could provide interesting models for studying malaria in the Amazonian scenario is important. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of the parasites in New World vectors is crucial in order to better determine the interaction process and vectorial competence.
Surface exposure indices of lunar soils: a comparative FMR study.

The intensity of the characteristic FMR resonance of a lunar soil normalized to its total iron content (Is/FeO) was tested for use as its index of relative surface exposure age. The characteristic resonance is due to fine-grained metal that is the result of micrometeorite impact at the lunar surface. In this study, Is/FeO was measured for the below 250 micron size fraction of 152 soils and for the 90-150 micron size fraction of 88 soils. With this large suite of samples it was possible to correlate Is/FeO with a variety of other indices of relative surface exposure age (N, C, trapped He-4, trapped Ar-36, petrographic and magnetic agglutinates, and mean grain size) and thus not only affirm that Is/FeO is an index of relative surface exposure age but also consider the relative merits of the various surface exposure indices.
Associative content-addressable networks with exponentially many robust stable states

The brain must robustly store a large number of memories, corresponding to the many events and scenes a person encounters over a lifetime. However, the number of memory states in existing neural network models either grows weakly with network size or recall performance fails catastrophically with vanishingly little noise. Here we show that it is possible to construct an associative content-addressable memory (ACAM) with exponentially many stable states and robust error-correction. The network possesses expander graph connectivity on a restricted Boltzmann machine architecture. The expansion property allows simple neural network dynamics to perform at par with modern error-correcting codes. Appropriate networks can be constructed with sparse random connections combined with glomerular nodes and a local associative learning rule, using low dynamic-range weights. Thus, sparse quasi-random constraint structures -- characteristic of an important class of modern error-correcting codes -- may provide for high-performance computation in artificial neural networks and the brain.
[Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Radix Hedysari Enhance Radiosensitivity of Human Liver Cancer Cells to ¹²C⁶⁺Radiation].

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Radix Hedysari (RAS-RH) on radiosensitivity of human liver cancer H22 cells to heavy ion ¹²C⁶⁺and its possible mechanism. METHODS The experiment involved a comparison of proliferation of H22 cells (detected by CCK-8 assay) between four groups: control,drug (RAS-RH),radiation,and combination (RAS-RH+radiation). H22 cells were treated with different doses of radiation alone or radiation followed by RAS-RH. The radiation enhancement effect of RAS-RH on H22 was detected by Colony forming assay. The effect of RAS-RH on the apoptosis of H22 cells was detected by flow cytometry. The influence of RAS-RH on the expression levels of related protein Survivin and Caspase-9 was investigated by Western blot. RESULTS RAS-RH inhibited the proliferation of H22 cells,with a time and dose dependency [inhibitory concentration 20% (IC20)=(117.60±2.15) mg/L]. The survival rate of H22 cells decreased significantly with the increase of heavy ion ¹²C⁶⁺. The two survival curves produced by the Graph Pad Prism 5.0 software were clearly separated. The combination group demonstrated smaller shoulder area at low dosage and lower survival rate of cells compared with radiation group,with a sensitization enhancement ratio (SER) of 1.39±0.07. The combination group (100 mg/L RAS-RH+2 Gy) had higher apoptosis rate and Caspase-9 protein expression level,and lower Survivin protein expression level,compared with other 3 groups ( P<0.01). CONCLUSION RAS-RH has radiation sensitization effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma H22 cells. The mechanism may be related to down-regulation of Survivin protein expression and up regulation of Caspase-9 protein expression.
SiC in Diamond and Kimberlites: Implications for Nucleation and Growth of Diamond

Dusty inclusions in diamonds from Fuxian, China contain an assemblage of moissanite (α-SiC) + β-SiC + quartz. Diamondiferous kimberlite from Kimberley, South Africa contains SiC microcrysts with rutile-bearing melt-inclusion tubes and deformation lamellae. They are blue or turquoise-green α-SiC (hexagonal) and the major difference between them is their Al content: 0.2 wt% in the blue and 100 ppm in the green variety. These findings suggest a possible genetic link between SiC and diamond. We propose a mechanism for heteroepitaxial nucleation and growth of diamond on cubic β-SiC substrates, mimicking interpenetrant twinning on {112}, which might provide a smooth, orderly transition from substrate to overgrowth. This growth mechanism may be effective in nature and should be of interest to material scientists who synthesize diamond thin films for industrial purposes.
Cause of dominance by sheetflood vs. debris‐flow processes on two adjoining alluvial fans, Death Valley, California

Two large, adjoining alluvial fans of the Panamint Range piedmont, Death Valley, California, are composed of different facies assemblages deposited by contrasting sedimentary processes. The Anvil Spring fan was built solely by water‐flow processes (incised‐channel floods and sheetfloods), whereas the neighbouring Warm Spring fan has been constructed principally by debris flows. The boundary between these fans delineates a sharp provincial piedmont contact between sheetflood‐dominated fans to the south and debris‐flow‐dominated fans to the north. Factors such as climate, catchment area, fan area, catchment relief, aspect, vegetation types and density, and neotectonic setting are essentially identical for these two fans. The key difference between them is that their catchments are underlain by dissimilar bedrock types, which weather to yield distinctive sediment suites. Weathering of the granite and andesite of the Anvil fan catchment produces significant volumes of medium to very coarse sand, granules, pebbles, cobbles and boulders, but minimal silt and clay. In contrast, the shale, quartzite and dolomite that dominate bedrock in the Warm Spring catchment weather to yield a wide suite of sedimentary particles spanning from clay to boulders. The abundance of mud, and the unsorted character of the yielded sediment, cause precipitation‐induced slope failures in the Warm Spring catchment to transform readily into debris flows. This propensity is due to the low permeability of the colluvial sediment, which causes added water to become trapped quickly and pore pressure to rise rapidly, promoting transformations to debris flows. In contrast, the limited volume of sediment finer than medium sand yielded from the Anvil fan catchment causes the colluvium to have high permeability. This factor prevents the transformation of wet colluvium to a debris flow during hydrologically triggered slope failures, instead maintaining sediment transport as entrained bed load or suspended load in a water flow.
Chapter 3 Re-identification by Covariance Descriptors

This chapter addresses the problem of appearance matching, while employing the covariance descriptor. We tackle the extremely challenging case in which the same non-rigid object has to be matched across disjoint camera views. Covariance statistics averaged over a Riemannian manifold are fundamental for designing appearance models invariant to camera changes. We discuss different ways of extracting an object appearance by incorporating various training strategies. Appearance matching is enhanced either by discriminative analysis using images from a single camera or by selecting distinctive features in a covariance metric space employing data from two cameras. By selecting only essential features for a specific class of objects (e.g. humans) without defining a priori feature vector for extracting covariance, we remove redundancy from the covariance descriptor and ensure low computational cost. Using a feature selection technique instead of learning on a manifold, we avoid the over-fitting problem. The proposed models have been successfully applied to the person re-identification task in which a human appearance has to be matched across non-overlapping cameras. We carry out detailed experiments of the suggested strategies, demonstrating their pros and cons w.r. t. recognition rate and suitability to video analytics systems.
A Constant-Time Algorithm for Finding Neighbors in Quadtrees

Quadtrees and linear quadtrees are well-known hierarchical data structures to represent square images of size 2r times 2r. Finding the neighbors of a specific leaf node is a fundamental operation for many algorithms that manipulate quadtree data structures. In quadtrees, finding neighbors takes O(r) computational time for the worst case, where r is the resolution (or height) of a given quadtree. Schrack [1] proposed a constant-time algorithm for finding equal-sized neighbors in linear quadtrees. His algorithm calculates the location codes of equal-sized neighbors; it says nothing, however, about their existence. To ensure their existence, additional checking of the location codes is needed, which usually takes O(r) computational time. In this paper, a new algorithm to find the neighbors of a given leaf node in a quadtree is proposed which requires just O(1) (i.e., constant) computational time for the worst case. Moreover, the algorithm takes no notice of the existence or nonexistence of neighbors. Thus, no additional checking is needed. The new algorithm will greatly reduce the computational complexities of almost all algorithms based on quadtrees.
Methodology Evaluation Framework for Component-Based System Development

Components are already prominent in the implementation and deployment of advanced distributed information systems. Part and parcel of this development are the effective Component Based Development (CBD) methodology encompassing methods, tools and techniques that effectively target the existing component based technology. Current CBD methodologies lack a comprehensive component-based concept structure. They handle components mainly at the implementation and deployment phases still, which are heavily influenced by UML notations. In this paper a presentation is made of an evaluation framework, which highlights the extent to which a methodology is component oriented. Current CBD methods and approaches do not provide full support for various component concepts. Therefore, a CBD method sample was evaluated using the frameworkâ€™s concepts and requirements. CBD method improvements are proposed based on the evaluation. The improved approach suggests the use of the standard RM-ODP as an underlying framework, to provide consistent, systematic, and integrated CBD methodology engineering support throughout the lifecycle.
Denial of Service Attacks Mitigation in the Cloud

Denial of Service attack (DoS) forms a permanent risk to the traditional networks and the cloud environment. This malicious attack can be amplified by Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Moreover, the cloud payment model can be affected by such attacks exploiting the cloud scalability. In this case, it is called Economical Denial of Sustainability (EDoS) attack. This study introduces an effective solution that is designed to counteract such attacks and protect targeted networks. The proposed framework is called Enhanced DDoS-Mitigation System (Enhanced DDoS-MS). This method is tested practically and the test's results proved the success of the framework in limiting the end-to-end response time and handling complex versions of these attacks on multiple layers.
A Value-Based Scheduler Capturing Schedulability-Reliability Tradeoff in Multiprocessor Real-Time Systems

In real-time systems, tasks must meet their deadlines even in the presence of hardware/software faults. Fault-tolerance in real-time systems refers to the ability of the system to meet task's deadlines in the presence of faults, and is typically achieved by employing redundancy techniques. Redundancy often improves system reliability at the cost of reducing system schedulability. Therefore, there exists a tradeoff between schedulability and reliability. In this paper, we propose a value-based scheduler capturing this tradeoff in multiprocessor real-time systems. The key function of the scheduler is to select a suitable redundancy level for each task so as to improve performance index of the system, where IP is an integrated performance metric that captures this tradeoff. We have conducted extensive simulation studies to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheduler and its variants for a wide range of system parameters. Our studies show that proposed schedulers maintain a high value-ratio for non-trivial tasks sets.
Recovery of Failures in Transaction Oriented Composite Grid Service

Transaction Oriented Composite Grid service is a group of sub services to be executed in Grid environment when transaction management is used. Since Grid services are loosely coupled and dynamic in nature, the transaction management becomes tough task in this environment. As the number of services increase, the chances of failures also increase due to different types of faults occurring in the system. Therefore fault tolerant execution of these tasks is required to maintain the reliability, availability, dependability of the system. In this paper we have implemented coordinated check-pointing approach to tolerate the faults so that resiliency, reliability, availability, and dependability can be enhanced. For recovery of the failed processes we have compared both local node recovery and replicated node recovery by simulating in CPN tool. Here we have considered three types of faults such as hardware faults, communication link faults, and software faults. All the faults have been modelled dynamically in the simulation. The results show that the local node recovery is better than replicated node recovery when the number of services is minimum but in the case of large number of services the replicated node recovery works better. Our results show that using local node recovery we can decrease the failures by 38.86% and when we use replicated nodes recovery we get that results decreasing by 31.34%.
Electro-tactile feedback for tele-operation of a mobile robot

It is well known that haptic feedback can facilitate the tele-operation of a remotely controlled robot by providing the user with intuitive tactile and/or force sensations from the robot's interactions with the environment. However, such mechanical haptic feedback systems can be complex, cumbersome, costly and application specific. This paper presents a novel tele-operation haptic feedback system that overcomes many of these limitations by providing electro-tactile feedback to the operator via wireless electrodes placed on the operator's skin. We show that this form feedback can provide a viable substitute for force and tactile feedback systems without the need for mechanical linkages or actuators. Experimental results are provided showing how electro-tactile feedback can facilitate the tele-operation of a mobile robot by improving the user's perception and interaction with the environment.
The effect of melatonin on in vitro fertilization and embryo development in mice

To examine the effect of melatonin on in vitro fertilization and embryonic development, mouse embryos after insemination in vitro were cultured in a physiological medium with or without melatonin. Melatonin increased the fertilization rate significantly at a concentration between 10−6 and 10−4 M (27.6 vs. 43.9 or 40.4%, P<0.01). Furthermore, a significant increase in the rate of embryos reaching the four‐cell stage (16.0 vs. 26.7%, P<0.01), the eight‐cell stage (12.1 vs. 25.8 or 23.5%, P<0.01), and blastulation (8.9 vs. 23.5 or 17.5%, P<0.01) was observed when the embryos were cultured in a medium containing 10−8 or 10−6 M melatonin. These results demonstrate that melatonin supports fertilization and early embryo development after in vitro fertilization.
Hierarchical presentation of expansion terms

Different presentations of candidate expansion terms have not been fully explored in interactive query expansion (IQE). Most existing systems that offer an IQE facility use a list form of presentation. This paper examines an hierarchical presentation of the expansion terms which are automatically generated from a set of retrieved documents, organised in a general to specific manner, and visualised by cascade menus. To evaluate the effectiveness of the presentation, a user test was carried out to compare the hierarchical form with the conventional list form. This shows that users of the hierarchy can complete the expansion task in less time and with fewer terms over those using the lists. Relations between initial query terms and selected expansion terms were also investigated.
Digital facial engraving

This contribution introduces the basic techniques for digital facial engraving, which imitates traditional copperplate engraving. Inspired by traditional techniques, we first establish a set of basic rules thanks to which separate engraving layers are built on the top of the original photo. Separate layers are merged according to simple merging rules and according to range shift/scale masks specially introduced for this purpose. We illustrate the introduced technique by a set of black/white and color engravings, showing different features such as engraving-specific image enhancements, mixing different regular engraving lines with mezzotint, irregular perturbations of engraving lines etc. We introduce the notion of engraving style which comprises a set of separate engraving layers together with a set of associated range shift/scale masks. The engraving style helps to port the look and feel of one engraving to another. Once different libraries of pre-defined mappable engraving styles and an appropriate user interface are added to the basic system, producing a decent gravure starting from a simple digital photo will be a matter of seconds. The engraving technique described in this contribution opens new perspectives for digital art, adding unprecedented power and precision to the engraver's work.
Attitude controller design for quadrotors based on the controlled Hamiltonian system

In this paper, a new mathematical model of quadrotor is proposed by using Hamiltonian approach, which has more advantages than Newtonian and Lagrangian approaches in some aspects, such as compactness, easiness to design controller and having symplectic structure. The Hamiltonian model of quadrotor is the first-order differential equations, whose states are generalized position including North-East-Down (NED) position, Euler-degrees and generalized momenta which are obtained by Legendre transformation from Lagrangian function. A novel nonlinear attitude controller is proposed based on the model. Furthermore, the stability analysis of both of the designed controllers is verified by Lyapunov stability theory. The effectiveness of the proposed model and the designed controller are demonstrated by simulations.
In situ analyses of in ovo graft‐vs.‐host reaction induced by thymic nurse cell lymphocytes

In both mammalian and avian systems, thymic nurse cells (TNC) have been shown to harbor a heterogeneous population of T lymphocytes (TNC‐L) some of which exhibit a postselectional phenotype. By tranplanting micromanipulated single chicken TNC onto the chorionallantoic membrane (CAM) of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐disparate embryos, an experimental system which allows for the detection of lymphocytes with graft‐vs.‐host (GVH) reactivity, we demonstrate here that TNC enclose lymphocytes that can develop into both CD4+ single‐positive (sp) and CD8+ sp, T cell receptor (TcR)αβ+, or TcRγδ+ cells. This finding was additionally confirmed by serial transfer of primary expanded alloreactive T cells onto the CAM of secondary hosts. All donor TNC‐L expressed MHC class II molecules and the interleukin‐2 receptor a chain in primary and secondary GVH reactions. Furthermore, we observed selective accumulation of CD8+ and TcRγδ+ host lymphocytes in the CAM upon the induction of a local GVH reaction, most probably as a consequence of the pathological alteration of the epithelium.