Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the ability to share spatial data between emergency management organisations in the High North

The decreasing extent of the Arctic sea ice has opened up new areas in the High North for industrial and commercial activities. These areas contain large reserves of oil and gas, and the region is home to some of the world’s richest fishing grounds. The region is of key strategic importance, and maintaining a Norwegian presence in the Arctic areas is considered to be a national priority. A major restructuring of the emergency management services in Norway is underway to accommodate the expected increase in commercial and industrial activity within the High North region. As part of this process, it is necessary to assess the current status of spatial data within the emergency management (EM) process. This project aims to fill the gap that exists in the current research on the Norwegian emergency management system, as little work has been done to assess the current ability to share spatial information between organisations participating in the emergency management process in the High North. This has been accomplished through a variety of methods, including a detailed GIS-analysis of the communication infrastructure, interviews with stakeholders in the emergency management process and analysis of modern research within the spatial data infrastructure (SDI) domain. The results shows multiple issues with the sharing of spatial information. These issues are both organisational and technological. Investigations into the organisational structure of the EM process revealed a complex hierarchy with varied spatial data needs and spatial data production responsibilities. This structure is highly dependent on pre-existing data sharing agreements, making it difficult to implement new data or additional stakeholders into the spatial data information networks. The lack of real-time sensor information and insufficient communication infrastructure also creates difficulties in acquiring and sharing up-to-date spatial information within the High North region. Possible solutions to the gaps and barriers from the investigate phase of the research was explored, with the aim of providing possible initiatives to augment the planned integration of emergency management spatial data into the Norwegian national SDI. A series of short-term initiatives aimed to resolve current gaps in functionality is suggested, as well as, potential longer-term development focuses, with the goal of implementing advanced GIS and SDI functionality into the next generation of SDI infrastructure.
Theoretical Neuroscience Computational And Mathematical Modeling Of Neural Systems Peter Dayan

Once upon a time, an experimental neurobiologist was asked whether he thought there was a role for theory in neurobiology. He answered with a resounding " No. " Then he explained his reasoning for giving this answer. The irony of this story is that the experimentalist had a theory of why there was no role for theory. On a serious note, any experimental research activity, from planning an experiment to interpreting the data, requires having in mind an abstract representation of the studied phenomenon. This representation, no matter how simplistic or complex, is a theory, and is indispensable for any coordinated research effort. Then, undoubtedly, there is a role for theory in neurobiology; the real question subfields of neurobiology, these conditions are beginning to be met. Moreover, the immense complexity of the facing neurobiology today is whether there is a role for theorists. Although as a theorist I obviously think that brain guarantees that the sophistication of neurobiology will keep growing, thus driving up the demand for theo-the answer is yes, this may not be evident to everyone. The argument in favor of having theorists is based on rists. This makes the future of theoretical neuroscience rather bright. the division of labor concept. Just as having professional millers and bakers results in better and cheaper bread, How can someone learn the craft of theoretical neuro-biology? The first generation of theoretical neuroscien-having professional theorists and experimentalists is likely to result in higher quality papers and more efficient tists came mostly from a physics background. In physics , where a theoretical culture exists, the craft is learned research. A theorist's role in science is to create an abstract by students through courses and textbooks. To become a self-perpetuating field, neuroscience has to develop representation of the studied phenomenon. To be valid, this representation must be logically self-consistent. To its own theoretical culture and fundamental texts. There are already several excellent books covering various be relevant, this representation must explain experimental observations and make experimentally testable pre-specialized topics in theoretical neurobiology such as, for example, Spikes: Exploring the Neural Code by F. dictions. These are often very challenging requirements that demand a full-time effort from a scientist, thus sup-Rieke et al. (MIT Press; 1996) on representation of sensory signals in neural spike trains using information the-porting the division of labor argument. However, the division of labor may not always be advantageous. Even ory, …
The Influence of Personality Traits and Mindfulness on Compulsive Buying among Female Students of King Khalid University

The research aims to identify the influence of personality traits and Mindfulness on compulsive buying behavior among a sample of female students at King Khalid University. It also seeks to uncover the correlational relationship between compulsive buying behavior, personality traits, and Mindfulness, and to predict compulsive buying behavior through Mindfulness and depressive symptoms within the same sample. The research sample consisted of 300 female students from King Khalid University, aged between 18 and 28 years, with an average age of 21 years and five months, and a standard deviation of 2.58 years. The research tools included the Personality Traits Scale (Abdel-Kafi, 2006), the Five-Factor Mindfulness Scale (Baer et al., 2006) adapted and standardized by Al-Bahri, Al-Dub, Talib, and Al-Awamleh (2014), and the Compulsive Buying Scale (Maraz et al., 2015). The research findings indicated a high level of Mindfulness and a statistically significant negative correlation at the 0.01 level between compulsive buying and both Mindfulness. Mindfulness played a significant role in predicting compulsive buying behavior. The researcher provided several recommendations, including raising awareness among professionals in psychology about compulsive buying behavior, promoting proper emotional coping mechanisms, and fostering balanced buying habits for all members of society.
Review of Topologies, Application Areas, Modeling, and Control Methods for Switched Capacitor Circuits

Switched capacitor (SC) circuits have been widely used for low-power and high-power areas, such as the integration circuit power supply, energy conversion for wearable devices, and power supply for data centers and electrical vehicles. The dc–dc conversion, dc–ac inversion, ac–dc rectification, and ac–ac conversion of SC topologies have been explored and discussed. This article provides a review of different topologies, application areas, mathematical models, and control methods for SC circuits. Compared with other review papers on SC converters, this article deeply and comprehensively surveys the topological structure classification and the equivalent circuits. It explores the application fields and the operation performance of SC circuits. The modeling method is presented as the steady-state modeling method and the transient modeling method. It will help to achieve accurate simulation and prediction and lay the foundation for theory analysis. The different mathematical models’ construction algorithms and the suitable application range are analyzed in this article. The control methods determine the quality of the output voltage and the output power for SC circuits. They are classified as the linear control methods and the nonlinear control methods. The nonlinear control methods will help to achieve high-quality output voltage or current regulation with low ripples and fast dynamical response speed. The comparison of different topologies, application areas, modeling methods, and control methods is provided and discussed. What is more, the simulation accuracy of different modeling strategies and static and dynamical regulation performance of different control algorithms are presented in this article, respectively. The challenges and opportunities for SC circuits are prospected.
The Mapping of Quantitative Carrying Capacity Using Multi-Scale Grid System (Case Study: Water-Provisioning Ecosystem Services in Greater Bandung, West Java, Indonesia)

Spatial modelling using multi-scale grid system is adopted to determine the threshold and distribution pattern of regional carrying capacity. Water-provisioning service is used as a quantitative approach. Closed system was applied in which it was based solely on the potential of existing resources in the region without taking in to account the flow of material in or out of the system. Steps being taken include the distribution of water demand – of land and domestics – and supply; and the determination of carrying capacity status based on the threshold of water-provisioning services. A grid system with 5″×5″ resolution is used to accommodate the various sets and scale, of data. The result shows, 82.29% of Sumedang Regency; 68.43% of Cimahi City; 61.29% of Bandung City; 60.51% of Bandung Barat Regency; and 57.34% of Bandung Regency are still able to fulfil the demands of the population.
Curve-Like Structure Detection Using Multiscale and Boundary-Assisted Segmentation Network

Due to the curve-like structure being fine, its contrast with the image background being weak, and it is often contaminated with noise, accurately and effectively detecting the curve-like structure is a major challenge. Furthermore, because of the diverse and intersecting shapes of the curve-like structure, most existing detection methods are often unable to obtain continuous and complete curve-like structure. Therefore, this article proposes a robust curve-like structure detection network based on multiscale and boundary assistance. In our work, we initially extract the features of the curve-like structure with different sizes and shapes by multiscale module, and then input the extracted features into the triple attention module which effectively learns more representative features of the curve-like structure. Finally, the acquired features are fed into the boundary assistance module to provide additional boundary information, guiding the network to distinguish the curve-like structure and background. We conducted experiments on various datasets with different curve-like structures, and the experimental results showed that we achieved the best $F1$ -score performance across all six datasets. Our model has 67% fewer parameters compared to U-Net. Moreover, it exhibits excellent adaptability to images afflicted with noise and low brightness levels. It can effectively solve the problem of fracture during segmentation of the curve-like structure, and realize the precise segmentation of the curve-like structure. In addition, the yarn hairiness detection results show that our proposed directional constraint skeleton can effectively detect cross curve-like structures.
A Qualitative Exploration of an Assets-Based Approach to Building Engineering Transfer Student Capital

Community colleges with their open-access mission, broad accessibility, and lower higher education costs play a vital role in educating and awarding advanced credentials to future engineers, scientists, and technicians. Transfer pathways to engineering are confusing, vague, and complex. Further, many transfer students, who tend to be more diverse, are viewed through a deficit-based perspective where the focus has been on barriers instead of viewing their abilities, skills, talents, and advantages through an asset-based lens. Thus, the purpose of this work-in-progress qualitative study, guided by Laanan's theory of transfer student capital, is to investigate expert perspectives of assets, factors, and strategies enabling access for two-year college students to engineering transfer pathways. 11 experts, influencers, and programs across the United States participated in semi-structured interviews. Inductive analysis of the interviews resulted in 13 categories that formed four major themes: assets, factors, strategies, and challenges. These results build on prior transfer student research through a focus on practical strategies and tactics used to build transfer student capital for engineering transfer students. Most importantly, these results also highlight a previously missing asset-based perspective of transfer students to shift the lens to strengths-based views and conversations about transfer students.
Intelligence and executive function are associated with age at insult, time post-insult, and disability following chronic pediatric acquired brain injury

Background Pediatric acquired brain injury (pABI) profoundly affects cognitive functions, encompassing IQ and executive functions (EFs). Particularly, young age at insult may lead to persistent and debilitating deficits, affecting daily-life functioning negatively. This study delves into the intricate interplay of age at insult, time post-insult, and their associations with IQ and EFs during chronic (>1 year) pABI. Additionally, we investigate cognitive performance across different levels of global function, recognizing the multifaceted nature of developmental factors influencing outcomes. Methods Drawing upon insult data and baseline information analyzing secondary outcomes from a multicenter RCT, including comprehensive medical and neuropsychological assessments of participants aged 10 to 17 years with pABI and parent-reported executive dysfunctions. The study examined associations between age at insult (early, EI; ≤7y vs. late, LI; > 7y) and time post-insult with IQ and EFs (updating, shifting, inhibition, and executive attention). Additionally, utilizing the Pediatric Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended, we explored cognitive performance across levels of global functioning. Results Seventy-six participants, median 8 years at insult and 5 years post-insult, predominantly exhibiting moderate disability (n = 38), were included. Notably, participants with LI demonstrated superior IQ, executive attention, and shifting compared to EI, [adjusted mean differences with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs); 7.9 (1.4, 14.4), 2.48 (0.71, 4.24) and 1.73 (0.03, 3.43), respectively]. Conversely, extended post-insult duration was associated with diminished performances, evident in mean differences with 95% CIs for IQ, updating, shifting, and executive attention compared to 1–2 years post-insult [−11.1 (−20.4, −1.7), −8.4 (−16.7, −0.1), −2.6 (−4.4, −0.7), −2.9 (−4.5, −1.2), −3.8 (−6.4, −1.3), −2.6 (−5.0, −0.3), and −3.2 (−5.7, −0.8)]. Global function exhibited a robust relationship with IQ and EFs. Conclusion Early insults and prolonged post-insult durations impose lasting tribulations in chronic pABI. While confirmation through larger studies is needed, these findings carry clinical implications, underscoring the importance of vigilance regarding early insults. Moreover, they dispel the notion that children fully recover from pABI; instead, they advocate equitable rehabilitation offerings for pABI, tailored to address cognitive functions, recognizing their pivotal role in achieving independence and participation in society. Incorporating disability screening in long-term follow-up assessments may prove beneficial.
For generations to come: Exploring local fisheries access and community viability in the Kodiak Archipelago

The sustainability of fisheries and fishing-dependent communities depends upon numerous political, cultural, economic, and ecological factors. My research explores a key threat to this sustainability in Alaska the graying of the commercial fishing fleet. As current fishermen approach retirement age and a decreasing number of young people obtain ownershiplevel careers in Alaska’s fisheries, succession impacts become an increasingly pressing issue. This research utilized a political ecology framework and mixed methods ethnography, including 70 semi-structured interviews and 609 student surveys, to study local fisheries access and community viability in the Kodiak Archipelago communities of Kodiak City, Old Harbor, and Ouzinkie. This research documents barriers that fishermen face at different stages in their careers and describes related implications. Findings indicate that opportunities for rural youth and fishermen are increasingly constrained by interrelated economic and cultural barriers that have created equity and sustainability concerns. Furthermore, research suggests that the privatization of fisheries access rights is a major catalyst of change that has amplified these barriers, generated social conflict, and resulted in a transformed paradigm of opportunity compared to decades past. Secondly, this research compares fishermen’s identities and livelihood motivations to dominant framings in academic literature and policy realms. This comparison reveals that in-depth understandings of fishermen are not well explained by narrow economic assumptions and instead include broader social and cultural dimensions. Lastly, exploration of the entangled relationships between fisheries access and rural youth pathways demonstrates increasing pressures within coastal communities, such as globalization, outmigration, youth ambivalence, substance abuse, and overall constrained opportunities. Nonetheless, coastal communities are working towards increasing local resilience to external pressures through social network support and some youth are bucking demographic trends by moving into fishing livelihoods. Due to the suite of threats facing fishing people and communities, it is increasingly important to have a deeper understanding of natural resource management impacts and local dynamics within fishing communities in order to plan for sustainable coastal futures.
Risk prediction models for intracranial hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke patients receiving intravenous alteplase treatment: a systematic review

Objectives To identify and compare published models that use related factors to predict the risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in acute ischemic stroke patients receiving intravenous alteplase treatment. Methods Risk prediction models for ICH in acute ischemic stroke patients receiving intravenous alteplase treatment were collected from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to April 7, 2023. A meta-analysis was performed using Stata 13.0, and the included models were evaluated using the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST). Results A total of 656 references were screened, resulting in 13 studies being included. Among these, one was a prospective cohort study. Ten studies used internal validation; five studies used external validation, with two of them using both. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for subjects reported in the models ranged from 0.68 to 0.985. Common predictors in the prediction models include National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.09–1.25, p < 0.0001), glucose (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.09–2.17, p < 0.05), and advanced age (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.15–1.94, p < 0.05), and the meta-analysis shows that these are independent risk factors. After PROBAST evaluation, all studies were assessed as having a high risk of bias but a low risk of applicability concerns. Conclusion This study systematically reviews available evidence on risk prediction models for ICH in acute ischemic stroke patients receiving intravenous alteplase treatment. Few models have been externally validated, while the majority demonstrate significant discriminative power.
Soil health and dragon fruit cultivation: Assessing the impact on soil organic carbon

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a crucial role in soil quality and nutrient availability. Agricultural practices, such as tillage and crop rotations, can affect SOC levels. Pitahaya cultivation, a growing crop in dry tropical environments regions may affect soil quality due to weed management. This study aims to assess the relationship between alternative crop management and pitahaya species on SOC sequestration. Two plots, each for yellow (Selenicereus megalanthus) and red (Hylocereus Undatus) pitahaya, were established. Rice husks were used as a natural mulch to prevent weed growth as a new control alternative. Soil sampling was conducted at different depths (0-5, 5-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm) and locations (below plant vs row) within the pitahaya plots. The study found at the 0-5 cm section presents the highest concentration of organic carbon at 2.01%, 1.77%, and 1.97% below plant in red, yellow, and row in yellow plantation respectively. In comparison with 1.26% in row red plantation, they are significant differences. The analysis of carbon accumulation showed variability in each of the locations from 0-30 cm. Without significant differences with 50.34, 49.40, and 47.95 (t ha-1) below the yellow plant, row, and below red plant respectively. In the whole soil profile with 38,10 t ha-1 the row of the red plant is significantly different. Likewise, the age of the plantation or crop plays another important role in soil organic carbon sequestration. Despite having the same management, soil type, climate, and irrigation, the significant effect in this study shows that the different age of the plantations (2 years) marks a significant difference between the two plantations. The roots of the older plantation extend their roots more horizontally and achieve more organic carbon sequestration in the rows compared to the younger plantation.
Sentiment Analysis of User Satisfaction Towards Sales Promotion of Gojek Application Service Using Support Vector Machine (SVM)

Customer satisfaction is a crucial factor for the sustainability of a company, including tech companies like Gojek. This condition exists because customer satisfaction affects the continuation of customers purchasing or reusing the company's services. Promotions or offers are commonly applied strategies by companies to enhance attractiveness among competitors and improve customer satisfaction. Therefore, this research aims to understand customer sentiments towards promotions or offers provided by the Gojek company to develop better promotional strategies by increasing customer satisfaction. The data source for this research comes from user tweets on the social media platform Twitter which has now changed to "X". The method used to determine the sentiment of this data is the support vector machine.