Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Channel Estimation for Millimeter Wave MIMO-OFDM Systems via Low-Rank Tensor Decomposition

In millimeter-wave (mmWave) MIMO systems, both the base stations (BS) and the mobile stations (MSs) employ large antenna arrays for directional beamforming. Acquiring channel knowledge for beamforming transmission is challenging due to the large number of antennas. Several prior work has studied the overhead reduction channel estimation method on narrow-band channel. However, the mmWave systems will likely operate on wide band. Therefore, we consider the case in frequency selective fading (FSF) channels. To this end, we propose a CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) decomposition-based method to reduce the overhead in downlink channel estimation. The proposed method exploits the intrinsic low-rank structure of the multiway data collected from multiple modes, where the low-rank structure is a result of the sparse scattering nature of the mmWave channel. The uniqueness condition of CP decomposition is leveraged to shed light on the design of training beamforming and combining vectors, the frequency pilot patterns, and meanwhile provide general guidelines for choosing system parameters. Simulation results show that the proposed method presents a clear advantage over a compressed sensing-based method in terms of both estimation accuracy and computational complexity.
Automatic Software Diversity

Vulnerabilities in low-level systems software leave users exposed to malware, theft, and monitoring. Automatic software diversity makes weaponization of these vulnerabilities much harder. The premise of software diversity is simple: randomizing program features conceals them from adversaries; however, securely and transparently implementing automatic software diversity is anything but simple.
Accuracy and Efficiency of Methods to Sample Logs for Wildlife Research and Management 1

We evaluated performance (accuracy and efficiency) of the line-intersect and strip-plot methods for estimating the density, length, percent cover, and weight of logs important to wildlife. To conduct the evaluation, we sampled 17 coniferous stands in northeastern Oregon and northwestern Montana. These stands contained a gradient of log conditions based on seral stage, physiography, disturbance regime, and history of timber management. A complete count (census) of logs in these stands was used to evaluate the precision, bias, and efficiency of each sampling method. Preliminary results indicated that both methods were relatively unbiased and precise. The strip-plot method, however, was more efficient in estimating density, but neither the strip-plot method nor line-intersect method was clearly more efficient in estimating length, percent cover, or weight. Consequently, which method is better depends on a variety of factors, particularly the stand conditions to be sampled and the log characteristics of most interest. Our results also demonstrated the strong difference in methods needed to sample logs for wildlife research and management versus conventional methods that have been used for fire management.
Specific Caspase Pathways Are Activated in the Two Stages of Cerebral Infarction

Necrosis and apoptosis have been initially identified as two exclusive pathways for cell death. In acute brain lesions, such as focal ischemia, this binary scheme is challenged by demonstrations of mixed morphological and biochemical characteristics of both apoptosis and necrosis in single cells. The resulting difficulty in defining the nature of cell death that is triggered by severe insults has dramatically impeded the development of therapeutic strategies. We show that in the early stages of cerebral infarction, neurons of the so-called “necrotic” core display a number of morphological, physiological, and biochemical features of early apoptosis, which include cytoplasmic and nuclear condensations and specific caspase activation cascades. Early activation cascades involve the death receptor pathway linked to caspase-8 and the caspase-1 pathway. They are not associated with alterations of mitochondrial respiration or activation of caspase-9. In contrast, pathways that are activated during the secondary expansion of the lesion in the penumbral area include caspase-9. In agreement with its downstream position in both mitochondria-dependent and -independent pathways, activation of caspase-3 displays a biphasic time course. We suggest that apoptosis is the first commitment to death after acute cerebral ischemia and that the final morphological features observed results from abortion of the process because of severe energy depletion in the core. In contrast, energy-dependent caspase activation cascades are observed in the penumbra in which apoptosis can fully develop because of residual blood supply.
Treatment of adult respiratory distress syndrome: plea for rescue therapy of the alveolar epithelium

Although much has been learned about the mechanisms leading to acute lung injury, mortality—which is mainly related to sepsis or associated non-pulmonary organ dysfunction1—remains high (around 50%) in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). 2-4 Many new therapeutic approaches aiming to control the inflammatory response accompanying ARDS have been evaluated.5 However, these treatments have had no impact on the mortality stemming from the disease.5 The lack of success with these new interventions is probably multifactorial.6 One possible explanation is that the appropriate patient population had not been enrolled for study.7 In this regard, it is also probably unrealistic to hope that a single treatment will modify the evolution of all ARDS patients who represent a heterogeneous population with very different severities of lung injury. Thus, it is unlikely that the efficacious treatment of patients with mild lung injury will be as efficient in patients with severe lung injury. Most of the treatments tested recently were targeted to control the inflammatory response.5 Although the development of lung injury is mainly dependent on aggression of endothelial cells by inflammatory cells,8 its severity and recovery also depend on epithelial cell function.9 In fact, the predominant pathological finding in acute lung injury is diffuse alveolar epithelial damage.10 11 Furthermore, physiologically it has been shown that the structure and function of the alveolar epithelium are important determinants of lung injury.12Finally, the alveolar epithelium is also the site of alveolar fluid reabsorption and plays a major role in the development of lung fibrosis associated with ARDS.13-15 Treatments aimed at improving epithelial function might therefore become one of the key elements to accelerate recovery and decrease the mortality of patients with ARDS. In this review we will emphasise the importance of modulating two …
Minimum-time constrained velocity planning

This paper proposes a method for minimum-time velocity planning with velocity, acceleration and jerk constraints and generic initial and final boundary conditions for the velocity and the acceleration. This minimum-time planning problem is relevant in the context of robotic autonomous navigation, where the iterative steering supervisor periodically replans the future mobile robot motion starting from current position, velocity and acceleration conditions. The problem is faced through discretization and its solution is based on a sequence of linear programming feasibility checks, depending on motion constraints and boundary conditions.
Packing Odd Circuits

We determine the structure of a class of graphs that do not contain the complete graph on five vertices as a “signed minor. ” The result says that each graph in this class can be decomposed into elementary building blocks in which maximum packings by odd circuits can be found by flow or matching techniques. This allows us to actually find a largest collection of pairwise edge disjoint odd circuits in polynomial time (for general graphs this is NP-hard). Furthermore it provides an algorithm to test membership of our class of graphs.
The lateral instability problem in electrostatic comb drive actuators: modeling and feedback control

Comb drives inherently suffer from electromechanical instability called lateral pull-in, side pull-in or, sometimes, lateral instability. Although fabricated to be perfectly symmetrical, the actuator's comb structure is always unbalanced, causing adjacent finger electrodes to contact each other when voltage–deflection conditions are favorable. Lateral instability decreases the active traveling range of the actuator, and the problem is typically approached by improving the mechanical design of the suspension. In this paper, a novel approach to counteracting the pull-in phenomenon is proposed. It is shown that the pull-in problem can be successfully counteracted by introducing active feedback steering of the lateral motion. In order to do this, however, the actuator must be controllable in the lateral direction, and lateral deflection measurements need to be available. It is shown herein how to accomplish this. The experimentally verified dynamic model of the comb drive is extended with a lateral motion model. The lateral part of the model is verified through experimental results and finite element analysis and is hypothetically extended to accommodate both sensor and actuator functionalities for lateral movement. A set of simulations is performed to illustrate the improved traveling range gained by the controller.
Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 6 Article 2

Previous analyses of diapause in insects have most often focused on the timing of the switch from non-diapausing to diapausing offspring in bivoltine populations and have assumed that diapause is irreversible or that the insect cannot survive winter if not in diapause. Many insects exhibit more flexibility in their life cycles, such as the age at which diapause begins, and facultative diapause, that may influence the evolution of different diapause strategies in different environments. The grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes F. (Orthoptera: Acrididae), has a very wide geographic range over which diapause characteristics vary greatly. Embryonic diapause in this species may be under maternal control, may be obligate or facultative (i.e., may be averted by cold temperature treatment of pre-diapause embryos), and embryos may enter diapause at different ages. Diapause traits were examined in two populations of M. sanguinipes from very different environments. In the population from a temperate climate (Idaho, USA), diapause was facultative, i.e., pre-diapause embryos averted diapause when held at 5° C for 90 days at all ages tested (7 days and older). The Idaho embryos entered diapause in late stage of development if held at 22° C for 30 days or more. In populations from subarctic Alaska, USA, embryos also entered diapause in a late stage of development, but diapause was obligate and could not be averted by chilling in the pre-diapause stages. Simulated evolution of these traits over a wide range of season-lengths showed that late stage diapause is an essential trait in very short season environments, resulting in early hatching, and a semivoltine life-cycle. Facultative diapause enabled bivoltinism to be a viable strategy in shorter seasons than when diapause was obligate. At transitions from semivoltine to univoltine, and from univoltine to bivoltine life cycles, populations with obligate diapause adopted a strategy of no diapause (via maternal effects) to enable univoltine life cycles. Correspondence: ffdjf1@uaf.edu Received: 3.13. 2005 | Accepted: 10.3. 2005 | Published: 4.7. 2006
Implementation of a Single Stage Ac-dc Boost Converter for Low Voltage Micro Generator Figure1. Resonance-based Inertial Electromagnetic Microgenerator Figure.2. Block Diagram: (a) Two-stage Power Conversion. (b) Reported Dual-polarity Boost Converter

The conventional power electronic converters used in the micro generator based energy harvesting applications have two stages: a diode bridge rectifier and a dc-dc converter. This paper presents a single stage ac-dc boost converter topology for efficient and optimum energy harvesting from low-voltage micro generators. The proposed Boost converter utilizes the bidirectional current conduction capability of MOSFETs in order to avoid the use of a first –end of the bridge rectifier. It is working in discontinuous conduction mode and offers resistive load to the microgenerator. Analysis and modeling of the converter explained in detail is presented. For low power applications, the power consumption of gate drive and control circuits should be minimal. In this paper, they are specifically designed to consume very low power supply. A low voltage microgenerator is used to verify the performance and operation of the converter and the gate drive circuits and finally simulated by PSIM software package. I . INTRODUCTION The development of energy-efficient semiconductor devices has reduced the power requirements of electronic circuits. This has led to the development of wireless electronic devices like sensor nodes, medical implants, etc., which require only a few milliwatts for their operation. They can be powered by harvesting ambient energy from the environment in the form of light, vibration, heat, etc. [1]–[8]. Electromagnetic microgenerators are particularly popular due to high energy density and are hence considered for this work. Such microgenerators are typically spring–mass systems, in which mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy by electromagnetic damping (Figure. 1). The output of an inertial microgenerator is typically around a few hundred millivolts of ac. The conventional power converters [Figure. 2(a)] reported for vibration energy harvesting mostly consists of a front-end diode bridge rectifier followed by a standard buck or boost converter. This arrangement of two-stage power conversion has several disadvantages for the electromagnetic microgenerator.1) Diode voltages in a bridge rectifier are difficult to overcome for low input voltage; 2) input current is much higher than output current, leading to more losses in diodes and 3) a rectifier offers a nonlinear load, which makes the converter unsuitable for energy harvesting.
Post-starburst galaxies: more than just an interesting curiosity

From the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey (VVDS), we select a sample of 16 galaxies with spectra which identify them as having recently undergone a strong starburst and subsequent fast quenching of star formation. These post-starburst galaxies lie in the redshift range 0.5 10 9.75 M� . They have a number density of 1 × 10 −4 Mpc −3 ,a lmost two orders of magnitude sparser than the full galaxy population with the same mass limit. We compare with simulations to show that the galaxies are consistent with being the descendants of gas-rich major mergers. Starburst mass fractions must be larger than ∼5–10 per cent and decay times shorter than ∼10 8 yr for post-starburst (PSB) spectral signatures to be observed in the simulations. We find that the presence of black hole feedback does not greatly affect the evolution of the simulated merger remnants through the PSB phase. The multiwavelength spectral energy distributions of the PSB galaxies show that 5/16 have completely ceased the formation of new stars. These five galaxies correspond to a mass flux entering the red-sequence of u ρA→Q,PSB = 0.0038 +0.0004
Inhibition of Cd47 Effectively Targets Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells via Dual Mechanism Statement of Translational Relevance

Short title: CD47 targets pancreatic cancer stem cells Conflict of Interest: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains one of the most devastating cancers, and very few new treatments have revealed meaningful improvements in patient survival over the past decades. Based on our previous work demonstrating the existence of cancer stem cells in pancreatic cancer and their strong resistance to standard chemotherapy, we now provide multiple lines of functional and mechanistic evidence for a treatment regimen including inhibition of CD47 targeting both cancer stem cells as well as their more differentiated progenies. Therefore, this new therapeutic strategy should be further explored in the clinical setting as its success bears the potential to improve the poor prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. ABSTRACT Purpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a cancer of the exocrine pancreas with unmet medical need and is strongly promoted by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). The presence of TAMs is associated with poor clinical outcome and their overall role therefore appears to be pro-tumorigenic. The " don't eat me " signal CD47 on cancer cells communicates to the signal regulatory protein-α on macrophages and prevents their phagocytosis. Thus, inhibition of CD47 may offer a new opportunity to turn TAMs against PDAC cells including cancer stem cells (CSCs) as the exclusively tumorigenic population. Experimental Design: We studied in vitro and in vivo the effects of CD47 inhibition on CSCs using a large set of primary pancreatic cancer (stem) cells as well as xenografts of primary human PDAC tissue. Results: CD47 was highly expressed on CSCs, but not on other non-malignant cells in the pancreas. Targeting CD47 efficiently enhanced phagocytosis of a representative set of primary human pancreatic cancer (stem) cells and, even more intriguingly, also directly induced their apoptosis in the absence of macrophages during long-term inhibition of CD47. In patient-derived xenografts models, CD47 targeting alone did not result in relevant slowing of tumor growth, but the addition of Gemcitabine or Abraxane resulted in sustained tumor regression and prevention of disease relapse long after discontinuation of treatment. Conclusions: These data are consistent with efficient in vivo targeting of CSCs and strongly suggest that CD47 inhibition could be a novel adjuvant treatment …
A Parameterized Action Representation for Virtual Human Agents

We describe a Parameterized Action Representation (PAR) designed to bridge the gap be-tween natural language instructions and the virtual agents who are to carry them out. The PAR is therefore constructed based jointly on implemented motion capabilities of virtual human (cid:12)g-ures and linguistic requirements for instruction interpretation. We will illustrate PAR and a real-time execution architecture controlling 3D animated virtual human avatars
Genetic characterization of MHC class II DQB exon 2 variants in gayal (Bos frontalis)

In the present study, exon 2 of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II DQB gene from 39 gayals (Bos frontalis) was isolated, characterized and compared with previously reported patterns for other bovidae. It was revealed by sequence analyses that there are 36 DQB exon 2 variants among 39 gayals. These variants exhibited a high degree of nucleotide and amino acid substitutions with most amino acid variations occurring at positions forming the peptide-binding sites (PBS). The DQB loci were analysed for patterns of synonymous (dS) and non-synonymous (dN) substitution. The gayals were observed to be under strong balancing selection in the DQB exon 2 PBS (dN = 0.094, P = 0.001). It appears that this variability among gayals could confer the ability to mount immune responses to a wide variety of peptides or pathogens.
If segments are real , ! what are they ? "

In this paper, we argue that segments could be real in any of three ways, but are not. First, they could be physically real, i.e. identifiable chunks of motor production or segments of the acoustic speech signal. Although this was taken as a serious possibility long ago, it has also been a long time since it was set aside as incorrect (e.g. Scripture 1902 p. 446). There is no verifiable acoustic or articulatory content to a claim that, for instance, the English affricate [! ] is one " phonetic segment " rather than two. A second sense in which segments could be real is as functioning elements in a successful phonological theory; segments would be real in whatever sense theoretical " objects " are real. But we argue that the theoretical work segments try to do can be done better by independently needed primitives of the theory, namely features and syllables, the latter comprised of onset, nucleus and coda. Golston & Kerhein (2004) show, for instance, that languages have one set of laryngeal features per onset/nucleus/coda, not one set per segment; this approach aligns with the fact that, while laryngeal features can switch abruptly from one syllable to the next (e.g. Aztec), they can never do so from one " segment " to the next within an onset/nucleus/coda. Highlighting this among other facts, we show on the one hand that there is no work for segments to do in phonetics, phonology, or anything else, while on the other hand, relying on segments as theoretical primitives without referring to syllables and their parts does not allow the theory to align with all the facts. We conclude that segments have no place in the best phonological and phonetic theories. A third possibility is that segments are cognitively real in spite of the above considerations. Analysis of the published literature, however, reveals that evidence against the cognitive reality of segments has been steadily mounting for at least 20 years. Jusczyk (1992) summarizes the earlier literature on infant speech perception; numerous cited studies found little evidence that infants organize speech into segments. More recently, Cheung et al. (2001) cited research which found that deleting an entire onset was easier for children than deleting part of an onset " even though the target unit was always one phoneme in size. " Significantly, when literature can be found to argue for the cognitive reality of segments, closer …
History, current status, and future of infrared identification

Infrared identification (IRID) is a biometric which offers the security of fingerprints with the convenience of facial recognition. Twenty years after being first proposed IRID systems are becoming marketable. During the intervening time, IR camera technology has improved significantly and price reductions have been dramatic. Further improvements in IR camera sensitivity, array size, and variable optics, as well as further price reductions, are coming, just as interest is growing in biometrics. Several approaches have been developed, tested, and evaluated to extract and analyze features from infrared images of the face and body. IRID has been seen to have significant advantages over other biometrics in certain applications-not only in the traditional biometric security markers, but also in communications and health care.