Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the impact of sea ice in a global ocean circulation model

This paper investigates the long-term impact of sea ice on global climate using a global sea-ice–ocean general circulation model (OGCM). The sea-ice component involves state-of-the-art dynamics; the ocean component consists of a 3.5° × 3.5° × 11 layer primitive-equation model. Depending on the physical description of sea ice, significant changes are detected in the convective activity, in the hydrographic properties and in the thermohaline circulation of the ocean model. Most of these changes originate in the Southern Ocean, emphasizing the crucial role of sea ice in this marginally stably stratified region of the world's oceans. Specifically, if the effect of brine release is neglected, the deep layers of the Southern Ocean warm up considerably; this is associated with a weakening of the Southern Hemisphere overturning cell. The removal of the commonly used “salinity enhancement” leads to a similar effect. The deep-ocean salinity is almost unaffected in both experiments. Introducing explicit new-ice thickness growth in partially ice-covered gridcells leads to a substantial increase in convective activity, especially in the Southern Ocean, with a concomitant significant cooling and salinification of the deep ocean. Possible mechanisms for the resulting interactions between sea-ice processes and deep-ocean characteristics are suggested.
Improving the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection in young children in primary care: results from the ‘DUTY’ prospective diagnostic cohort study

Professor Alastair D Hay FRCGP, alastair.hay@bristol.ac.uk; Professor Jonathan AC Sterne PhD, jonathan.sterne@bristol.ac.uk; Professor Kerenza Hood PhD, hoodk1@cardiff.ac.uk; Professor Paul Little FMedSci, p.little@soton.ac.uk; Professor Brendan Delaney MD, brendan.delaney@kcl.ac.uk; Professor William Hollingworth PhD, william.hollingworth@bristol.ac.uk; Dr Mandy Wootton PhD, mandy.wootton@wales.nhs.uk; Dr Robin Howe FRCPath, robin.howe@nphs.wales.nhs.uk; Professor Alasdair MacGowan MD, alasdair.macgowan@nbt.nhs.uk; Mr Michael Lawton MPhil, michael.lawton@bristol.ac.uk; Mr John Busby MSc, john.busby@bristol.ac.uk; Mr Timothy Pickles BSc, pickleste@cardiff.ac.uk; Dr Kate Birnie PhD, kate.birnie@bristol.ac.uk; Dr Kathryn O’Brien PhD, obrienka@cardiff.ac.uk; Dr Cherry-Ann Waldron PhD, waldronc@cardiff.ac.uk, Dr Jan Dudley PhD, jan.dudley@nhs.net; Dr Judith Van Der Voort FRCPCH, judith.vandervoort@wales.nhs.uk; Professor Margaret Fletcher PhD, margaret.fletcher@uwe.ac.uk; 12 Mrs Harriet Downing MPhil, harriet.downing@bristol.ac.uk; Dr Emma Thomas-Jones PhD, thomas-jonese@cardiff.ac.uk; Dr Kim Harman DHealth, k.harman@soton.ac.uk; Mrs Catherine Lisles MSc, lislesca1@cardiff.ac.uk; Ms Kate Rumsby MSc, k.martinson@soton.ac.uk; Mr Stevo Durbaba MSc, stevo.durbaba@kcl.ac.uk; Dr Penny Whiting PhD, penny.whiting@bristol.ac.uk; and Professor Christopher C Butler FRCGP, christopher.butler@phc.ox. ac.uk. 16
Caractérisation et suivi du dégazage des principaux édifices volcaniques actifs de l'arc insulaire du Vanuatu par télédétection

Les developpements recents sur les applications des spectrometres UV miniaturises pour la mesure des flux de gaz volcaniques ont ouvert la possibilite de mesurer regulierement le degazage de volcans isoles, dont les flux de SO2 n'avaient jamais, ou rarement, ete mesures. Au Vanuatu, le degazage d'un seul volcan sur six aeriens actifs a ete mesure (1999). Cette these decrit les travaux realises sur l'etude du degazage de quatre des edifices actifs de cet arc insulaire. Ils ont permis de mettre en evidence d'importantes sources permanentes de SO2 et d'halogenes sur les edifices volcaniques des iles d'Ambrym et de Tanna; des mesures de degazages ont egalement ete effectuees lors des manifestations eruptives sur les iles d'Aoba/Ambae et de Lopevi. Il ressort que les volcans du Vanuatu sont de tres importantes sources de SO2 et d'halogenes. Ces sources naturelles d'emissions, liees a des manifestations volcaniques permanentes et cycliques, etaient peu connues et non prises en compte dans des bilans globaux. L'estimation minimum du flux de SO2 libere par quatre edifices (Aoba, Ambrym, Lopevi, Yasur) du Vanuatu se situe autour de 61 kg/s, ce qui represente entre 11 et 20 % du flux global moyen de SO2 rejetes dans l'atmosphere par les volcans de la planete. Le degazage perturbe l'ecosysteme, genere des pertes importantes sur les plantes et cultures dont dependent les ni-vanuatais pour subsister. Il menace episodiquement leur securite. Son etude est un apport significatif a la quantification du risque volcanique sur l'Archipel.
Water-quality modeling: Terrain analysis and the Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution (AGNPS) model. Technical report

Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Model (AGNPS) is a widely-used computer model to estimate sediment and nutrient yields from agricultural catchments, and it has been used to evaluate impacts of differing land management strategies on surface water quality. The project has enhanced the capabilities of AGNPS to model the effects of three dimensional terrain on erosion processes and to make it compatible with digital elevation models (DEMs) and DEM data bases. Both grid-based and contour-based versions of the terrain-enhanced AGNPS model were produced. Both versions compute important topographic input parameters, such as slope, upsloperunoff contributing area and plan curvature, for use in AGNPS. The grid-based version uses digitized grid elevation data obtained from topographic maps, and the contour-based version uses vector elevation data obtained from such maps. The effects of grid size and contour interval on computed values of the topographic parameters were determined and application of the methods to prediction of sediment yields from several digitized watersheds is illustrated in the report.
Numerical Study of the Influence of the Microtrenches on Optical Properties of Integrated Optical Waveguides on Lithium Niobate on Insulator

Mode composition was simulated to find the waveguide cross section parameters for single mode propagation in wide wavelength range from 1.5um to 1.6um for both mode polarizations. The anisotropy of X-cut thin film lithium niobate was considered during simulations for Y-propagation of radiation in the waveguide. Numerical study was performed for the influence of microtrenches formed by the reactive ion etching in inductively coupled plasma (ICP/RIE) process on optical parameters of the fundamental mode in a shallow etched waveguide on lithium niobate on insulator. It was shown that microtrenches influence effective indices of waveguide modes. TE-mode effective index change is close to refractive index contrast in proton exchange waveguides on lithium niobate. Influence of microtrenches on optical bent losses was also investigated. Increasing the degree of light confinement in waveguide with microtrenches was observed and, as a result, a decrease in optical losses at critical bent radius was observed. Results of current work showed the need to consider microtrenches appearing in dry etching process in the waveguide design.
Examining the Relationship between Fear of COVID-19 and Absenteeism among Frontline Workers in Pakistan

One of the significant difficulties businesses worldwide have encountered due to the spread of COVID-19 is the absence of essential employees. The major purpose of this research study was to assess the effect that anxiety brought on by the Covid-19 outbreak had on the percentage of workers who were absent from their jobs. In addition, this study aimed to evaluate the role that psychological distress and perceived organization support play as mediators and moderators between the fear of Covid-19 and absenteeism on the part of employees in the exposition of P-E Fit theory. With a quantitative research method and deductive approach, Data was collected using a validated survey instrument, with 239 responses received through an online Google form. The study's focus group consisted of frontline sales representatives. Using Smart-PLS to test the hypotheses revealed that most could be accepted. These findings are consistent with previous research studies in the field. This research adds to the previous literature by addressing the significance of managers' support for frontline staff by supplying them with the required tools and supplies to decrease fear and stress in the face of Covid-19. Overall, the study highlights the significant impact of the pandemic on the workplace and underscores the importance of understanding the factors that influence employee behavior during these unprecedented times.
Estimation of the power of a thermoelectric harvester for low and ultra-low temperature gradients using a dimensional analysis method

When modeling a thermoelectric harvester operating at low (below 100 degrees Celsius) and ultra-low (below 10 degrees Celsius) temperature gradients, the output power of the harvester is small, which means that even minor errors in the model parameters can lead to an error exceeding the result itself. The proposed dimensional analysis allows us to narrow down the number of model parameters, leaving only those parameters that can be measured with sufficient accuracy. In addition, a guide for the optimal selection of a thermoelectric module for a given thermal path is proposed. Experimental data confirm the theoretical analysis.
Design of ISGW Unequal Power Divider Based on Ultra-Wideband Metamaterial Absorber

This paper presents an effective method based on the concept of indium tin oxide (ITO) films designed metamaterial absorber to achieve unequal power divider. The structural unit of the proposed metamaterial absorber consists of three films, a foam dielectric substrate and a metallic copper. By properly adjusting the resonance of the structure, an optimized metamaterial absorption rate of greater than 90% from 21 to 35 GHz is achieved, and a strong absorption effect of ultra-broadband for incident electromagnetic waves at different polarization angles and different incidence angles is achieved, which is in good agreement with the numerical simulation results, and an equivalent circuit model is extracted to explain its operation mechanism. The designed metamaterial is loaded on an Integrated Substrate Gap Waveguide (ISGW) based power divider. Simulation results show that the 4:1 unequal power divider achieves a relative bandwidth of 24% in the operating band 22–28 GHz, and the isolation is better than 15dB, and the return loss is greater than 10dB.
association analysis of polymorphisms in STARD6 and near ECHDC3 in alzheimer’s disease patients carrying the APOE ε 4 allele

Background and purpose: Lipid metabolism plays an important role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and recent evidence suggests that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the StAR-related lipid transfer domain 6 ( STARD6 ) and near the enzyme enoyl CoA hydratase domain containing 3 ( ECHDC3 ) gene are related to plasma lipid levels or lipid traits in AD. Materials and methods: To identify whether the variants in or near the STARD6 and ECHDC3 genes contribute to AD susceptibility, we carried out an association analysis of STARD6 rs10164112 and ECHDC3 rs7920721 in combination with the apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) ε 4 allele in a case–control study (278 cases, 509 controls) in China. Results: We identified that SNP rs10164112 in the STARD6 gene was a risk factor associated with AD and the APOE ε 4 carriers (all P , 0.05) after Bonferroni correction. However, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that only the minor T allele of STARD6 rs10164112 combined with the APOE ε 4 allele increased the risk of AD under the additive and dominant models (additive model: P = 0.0078, OR = 1.988, 95 % CI: 1.198–3.298; dominant model: P = 0.0172, OR = 2.169, 95% CI: 1.147–4.102). Conclusion: These results suggest that the rs10164112-T allele is not an independent risk factor for AD patients. However, in combination with the APOE ε 4 allele, the rs10164112-T allele has been found to be a risk factor for AD in the Han Chinese population reported in this study.
Predicting the Naturalistic Course of Major Depressive Disorder Using Clinical and Multimodal Neuroimaging Information: A Multivariate Pattern Recognition Study

Exclusion Criteria NESDA-fMRI and Procedure Exclusion criteria for the NESDA-MRI study were the presence of Axis I disorders other than MDD or anxiety disorder (i.e., panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder), use of psychotropic medication other than a stable use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or infrequent benzodiazepine use, the presence or history of major internal or neurological disorder, dependency or recent abuse (past year) of alcohol or drugs, hypertension and the presence of MRI-contraindications. Because the subgroup of participants from the total NESDA study that was included for MRI were scanned within 8 weeks after baseline assessment, the severity of symptoms (IDS scores) could have changed differently within the three groups from baseline to MRI assessment. We checked whether IDS scores at time of scanning were significantly different between the three course trajectory groups. The groups did not significantly differ from each other at time of scanning (F(2,66) = 1.69, p = 0.20). There was a trend towards a main effect of time (slight decrease in symptoms between baseline and time of scanning in all groups; F(1,66) = 3.82, p = 0.06), but no group by time interaction (F(2,66) = 0.77, p = 0.47), indicating that the prognostic value of the neuroimaging methods for discriminating different course trajectories cannot be attributed to differences in depression state between the groups at time of scanning.
Attention feature fusion awareness network for vehicle target detection in SAR images

ABSTRACT Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target detection plays a crucial role in military surveillance, earth observation, and disaster monitoring. With the development of deep learning (DL) and SAR imaging technology, numerous SAR target detection methods have been proposed and achieved better detection results. However, detecting different categories of SAR vehicle targets is still challenging due to the influence of coherent speckle noises and background clutter. This article presents a novel attention feature fusion awareness network (AFFNet) for vehicle target detection in SAR images. Specifically, we propose a multi-scale semantic attention (MSSA) module to obtain multi-scale and semantic features of target region; the variable multi-scale feature fusion (VMSFF) module is introduced to effectively fuse different feature information and alleviate target deformation interference by establishing feature correlation; the part feature awareness (PFA) module is used to obtain unique attribute of different vehicle targets to generate accurate anchor boxes. In addition, we design a candidate boundary box selection scheme, which can effectively adapt to SAR targets with different scales and categories. Overall, AFFNet is designed based on the SAR imaging mechanism and target physical feature information. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, extensive experiments are conducted on the MSTAR dataset. The experiment results show that the proposed AFFNet obtains the mAP of 98.36 and 97.26 on standard operating conditions (SOCs) and extended operating conditions (EOCs), which is more efficient than the other state-of-the-art methods.
Erratum: Correction to ``Inverse hydrologic analysis of the distribution and origin of gulf coast-type geopressured zones''

Inverse hydrologic analysis of compaction-driven groundwater flow provides insights to the distribution and origin of geopressured zones in subsiding sedimentary basins, such as those found in the U.S. Gulf Coast. Occurrences of Gulf Coast-type geopressures are most frequently attributed to “disequilibrium compaction” caused by slow rates of fluid escape from compacting sediments, “aquathermal pressuring” from thermal expansion of pore fluids, or the subsurface dehydration of smectite. This paper presents an inverse solution to the Lagrangian equation of compaction flow that includes effects of aquathermal pressuring and dehydration reactions. The solution gives the permeability profile required to maintain a lithostatic pressure gradient in a subsiding basin. Comparison of the closed-form solution with measured permeabilities shows that geopressured zones are likely to form in shaly basins subsiding more than about 1 mm/yr but unlikely to develop in shale-poor basins or basins subsiding less than 0.1 mm/yr. This result correctly predicts geopressures in the Gulf Coast but suggests that many important sedimentary basins were not significantly overpressured during compaction. Solutions that consider only thermal expansion of pore fluids give required permeabilities about 1.3–1.8 orders of magnitude (factor of 20–60) less than those considering only sediment compaction, indicating that aquathermal pressuring is much less important than disequilibrium compaction in causing geopressures. Solutions accounting for the effects of dehydration reactions show that release of structural water during smectite dehydration can be a significant and perhaps necessary factor in geopressuring. Hydrologic effects of a possible increase in the volume of structural water during dehydration are less significant. The most important contribution of smectite dehydration to development of geopressured zones, however, may be the accompanying reduction of host rock permeability.
Quantitative expression analysis of selected COR genes reveals their differential expression in leaf and crown tissues of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during an extended low temperature acclimation regimen

A number of COR genes (COld-Regulated genes) have been implicated in the acquisition of low temperature (LT) tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This study compared the relative expression patterns of selected COR genes in leaf and crown tissues of wheat near-isogenic lines to increase understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying LT acclimation. Reciprocal near-isogenic lines were generated such that the dominant Vrn-A1 and recessive vrn-A1 loci were interchanged in a spring cv. Manitou and a winter cv. Norstar. Phenological development, acquisition of LT tolerance, and WCS120 polypeptide accumulation in these genotypes proceeded at rates similar to those previously reported for 6 °C acclimation from 0 to 98 d. However, a differential accumulation of WCS120 polypeptide and expression of the COR genes Wcs120, Wcor410, and Wcor14 was observed in the leaf and crown tissues. COR gene transcript levels peaked at 2 d of the acclimation period in both tissues and differences among genotypes were most evident at this time. COR gene expression was highest for the LT-tolerant and lowest for the tender genotypes. However, expression rates were divergent enough in genotypes with intermediate hardiness that comparisons among tissues and/or times during acclimation often resulted in variable interpretations of the relative expression of the COR genes in the determination of LT tolerance. These observations emphasize the need to pay close attention to experimental conditions, sampling times, and genotype and tissue selection in experiments designed to identify the critical genetic components that interact to determine LT acclimation.
Optical Measurement of Ligament Strain: Opportunities and Limitations for Intraoperative Application

A feasible and precise method to measure ligament strain during surgical interventions could significantly enhance the quality of ligament reconstructions. However, all existing scientific approaches to measure in vivo ligament strain possess at least one significant disadvantage, such as the impairment of the anatomical structure. Seeking a more advantageous method, this paper proposes defining medical and technical requirements for a non-destructive, optical measurement technique. Furthermore, we offer a comprehensive review of current optical endoscopic techniques which could potentially be suitable for in vivo ligament strain measurement, along with the most suitable optical measurement techniques. The most promising options are rated based on the defined explicit and implicit requirements. Three methods were identified as promising candidates for a precise optical measurement of the alteration of a ligaments strain: confocal chromatic imaging, shearography, and digital image correlation.
Towards a Scalable 5G RAN Central Unit

The radio access network (RAN) connects mobile users to the core network. As the complexity of the RAN has increased with the shift towards 5G and beyond, the need for flexible deployment options has become a key requirement, as evidenced by the rise of disaggregated RAN architectures. Since a disaggregated RAN deployment may utilize a single central unit (CU) for multiple distributed units (DUs), it is critical that the CU not become a performance bottleneck in terms of the aggregate traffic that can be processed. To that end, in this work we focus on improving the scalability of the CU by addressing the performance limitations in a reference open source solution, the OpenAirInterface (OAI) 5G platform. We demonstrate a roughly 5X improvement in scalability by using the Data Plane Development Kit (DPDK) to provide a kernel bypass solution for the OAI 5G CU. While this provides a significant performance boost, we believe that even greater improvements may be possible with further architecture refinements or the use of accelerator platforms like programmable network cards or switches.
LARRI: Learning-based Adaptive Range Routing for Highly Dynamic Traffic in WANs

Traffic Engineering (TE) has been widely used by network operators to improve network performance and provide better service quality to users. One major challenge for TE is how to generate good routing strategies adaptive to highly dynamic future traffic scenarios. Unfortunately, existing works could either experience severe performance degradation under unexpected traffic fluctuations or sacrifice performance optimality for guaranteeing the worst-case performance when traffic is relatively stable. In this paper, we propose LARRI, a learning-based TE to predict adaptive routing strategies for future unknown traffic scenarios. By learning and predicting a routing to handle an appropriate range of future possible traffic matrices, LARRI can effectively realize a trade-off between performance optimality and worst-case performance guarantee. This is done by integrating the prediction of future demand range and the imitation of optimal range routing into one step. Moreover, LARRI employs a scalable graph neural network architecture to greatly facilitate training and inference. Extensive simulation results on six real-world network topologies and traffic traces show that LARRI achieves near-optimal load balancing performance in future traffic scenarios with up to 43.3% worst-case performance improvement over state-of-the-art baselines, and also provides the lowest end-to-end delay under dynamic traffic fluctuations.