Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Embedded Deterministic Test Points

There is mounting evidence that automatic test pattern generation tools capable of producing tests with high coverage of defects occurring in the large semiconductor nanometer designs unprecedentedly inflate test sets and test application times. A design-for-test technique presented in this paper aims at reducing deterministic pattern counts and test data volume through the insertion of conflict-aware test points. This methodology identifies and resolves conflicts across internal signals allowing test generation to increase the number of faults targeted by a single pattern. This is complemented by a method to minimize silicon area needed to implement conflict-aware test points. The proposed approach takes advantage of the conflict analysis and reuses functional flip-flops as drivers of control points. Experimental results on industrial designs with on-chip test compression demonstrate that the proposed test points are effective in achieving, on average, an additional factor of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> compression for stuck-at and transition patterns over the best up-to-date results provided by the embedded deterministic test (EDT)-based regular compression.
Containment Control of Multiagent Systems With Dynamic Leaders Based on a $PI^{n}$ -Type Approach

This paper studies the containment control of multiagent systems (MASs) with multiple dynamic leaders in both continuous-time domain and discrete-time domain. The leaders' motions are described by the nth-order polynomial trajectories. This setting makes practical sense because given some critical points, the leaders' trajectories are usually planned by the polynomial interpolations. In order to drive all followers into the convex hull spanned by the leaders, a PIn-type containment algorithm is proposed (P and I are short for proportional and integral, respectively; In implies that the algorithm includes up to the n-thorder integral terms). It is theoretically proved that the PIn-type containment algorithm is able to solve the containment problem of MASs where the followers are described by any order integral dynamics. Compared to the previous results on the MASs with dynamic leaders, the distinguished features of this paper are that: 1) the containment problem is studied not only in the continuoustime domain but also in the discrete-time domain while most existing results only work in the continuous-time domain; 2) to deal with the leaders with the nth-order polynomial trajectories, existing results require the follower's dynamics to be the (n + 1)th-order integral while the followers considered in this paper can be described by any-order integral dynamics; 3) the “sign” function is not employed in the proposed algorithm, which avoids the chattering phenomenon; and 4) both disturbance and measurement noise are taken into account. Finally, some simulation examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
A framework and case studies for evaluation of enzyme ontogeny in children’s health risk evaluation

ABSTRACT Knowledge of the ontogeny of Phase I and Phase II metabolizing enzymes may be used to inform children’s vulnerability based upon likely differences in internal dose from xenobiotic exposure. This might provide a qualitative assessment of toxicokinetic (TK) variability and uncertainty pertinent to early lifestages and help scope a more quantitative physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) assessment. Although much is known regarding the ontogeny of metabolizing systems, this is not commonly utilized in scoping and problem formulation stage of human health risk evaluation. A framework is proposed for introducing this information into problem formulation which combines data on enzyme ontogeny and chemical-specific TK to explore potential child/adult differences in internal dose and whether such metabolic differences may be important factors in risk evaluation. The framework is illustrated with five case study chemicals, including some which are data rich and provide proof of concept, while others are data poor. Case studies for toluene and chlorpyrifos indicate potentially important child/adult TK differences while scoping for acetaminophen suggests enzyme ontogeny is unlikely to increase early-life risks. Scoping for trichloroethylene and aromatic amines indicates numerous ways that enzyme ontogeny may affect internal dose which necessitates further evaluation. PBTK modeling is a critical and feasible next step to further evaluate child–adult differences in internal dose for a number of these chemicals.
A Systematic Review and Comparison of Security Ontologies

The use of ontologies for representing knowledge provides us with organization, communication and reusability. Information security is a serious requirement which must be carefully considered. Concepts and relations managed by any scientific community need to be formally defined and ontological engineering supports their definition. In this paper, the method of systematic review is applied with the purpose of identifying, extracting and analyzing the main proposals for security ontologies. The main identified proposals are compared using a formal framework and we conclude by stating their early state of development and the need of additional research efforts.
Identification of Primordial Germ Cells: Cytological, Histological and Immunohistochemical Aspects

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) constitute an embryonic cell type that migrate to gonadal precursors and form the gametes. In many animals, PGCs are set apart from somatic cells early during embryogenesis. These cells migrate to gonadal precursors and then constitute gonads so they are useful models for cell motility studies. They have a highlighted importance for development and reproduction studies. Primordial germ cells have morphological differences from the somatic cells. Structure of these cells can be detected with light and electron microscopy in early development stages. This review describes the morphological, histological, molecular and ultrastructural features of primordial germ cells in different animals and gives an overview for simplified identification.
An increasing trend of rural infections of human influenza A (H7N9) from 2013 to 2017: A retrospective analysis of patient exposure histories in Zhejiang province, China

Background Although investigations have shown that closing live poultry markets (LPMs) is highly effective in controlling human influenza A (H7N9) infections, many of the urban LPMs were shut down, but rural LPMs remained open. This study aimed to compare the proportional changes between urban and rural infections in the Zhejiang province from 2013 to 2017 by analyzing the exposure histories of human cases. Methods All laboratory-confirmed cases of H7N9 from 2013 (the first wave) to 2017 (the fifth wave) in the Zhejiang province of China were analyzed. Urban and rural infections were defined based on the locations of poultry exposure (direct and indirect) in urban areas (central towns) and rural areas (towns and villages on the outskirts of cities). A Chi-square trend test was used to compare the proportional trend between urban and rural infections over time and logistic regression was used to obtain the odds ratio by years. Results From 2013 to 2017, a statistically significant trend in rural infections was observed (p <0.01). The incremental odds ratio by years of rural infections was 1.59 with 95% confidence intervals of 1.34 to 1.86. Each year, significant increases in the proportion of live poultry transactions in LPMS and poultry processing plants were detected in conjunction with an increased proportion of urban and rural infections. Conclusion The empirical evidence indicated a need for heightened infection control measures in rural areas, such as serving rural farms and backyards as active surveillance points for the H7N9 virus. Other potential interventions such as the vaccination of poultry and extending the closure of LPMs to the provincial level require further careful investigations.
Optical coherence tomography findings in myopic traction maculopathy.

OBJECTIVE To describe the features and incidence of epiretinal traction and related retinal damage in degenerative myopia. DESIGN Consecutive observational case series. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed medical records and optical coherence tomography findings of 218 eyes with high myopia of 121 consecutive patients to detect the incidence and features of epiretinal traction-related macular damage. The degree of myopia ranged from -8 to -26 spherical equivalent (mean +/- SD, -16.93 +/- 5.74). Mean +/- SD axial length was 29.75 +/- 2.12 mm. Excluding eyes with possibly confounding features, 125 eyes were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Detection of epiretinal traction and related macular damage. RESULTS Epiretinal traction was found in 58 (46.4%) of 125 eyes and retinal damage, in 43 eyes (34.4%). Macular retinoschisis was the most frequent form of macular damage (25 eyes [58%]), followed by retinal thickening, lamellar hole, and shallow retinal detachment. CONCLUSIONS Epiretinal traction is a frequent finding in degenerative myopia and, particularly if associated with the presence of staphyloma, can generate a form of macular damage unique to eyes with high myopia. This damage can affect up to one third of these eyes and should be considered as a separate cause of visual loss easily detected by optical coherence tomography at its early stages.
On the Exploitation of Hidden Markov Models to Improve Location-Based Temporal Segmentation of Egocentric Videos

Wearable cameras allow to easily acquire long and unstructured egocentric videos. In this context, temporal video segmentation methods can be useful to improve indexing, retrieval and summarization of such content. While past research investigated methods for temporal segmentation of egocentric videos according to different criteria (e.g., motion, location or appearance), many of them do not explicitly enforce any form of temporal coherence. Moreover, evaluations have been generally performed using frame-based measures, which only account for the overall correctness of predicted frames, overlooking the structure of the produced segmentation. In this paper, we investigate how a Hidden Markov Model based on an ad-hoc transition matrix can be exploited to obtain a more accurate segmentation from frame-based predictions in the context of location-based segmentation of egocentric videos. We introduce a segment-based evaluation measure which strongly penalizes over-segmented and under-segmented results. Experiments show that the exploitation of a Hidden Markov Model for temporal smoothing greatly improves temporal segmentation results and outperforms current video segmentation methods designed for both third-person and first-person videos.
Larvicidal Activity of Essential Oil Derived from Illicium henryi Diels (Illiciaceae) Leaf

Purpose : To determine larvicidal activity of the essential oil derived from Illicium henryi Diels (Illiciaceae) leaf and stem against the larvae of Aedes albopictus Skuse． Methods : The essential oil of I. henryi leaves was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromaotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The activity of the oil was evaluated, using World Health Organization (WHO) procedures, against the fourth instar larvae of A. albopictus for 24 h, and larval mortalities recorded at various essential oil concentrations ranging from 12.5 - 200 μg/mL. Results : A total of 25 components of the essential oil of I. henryi were identified and the principal compounds in the essential oil were safrole (54.09 %), myristicin (22.24 %), and 1, 8-cineole (5.43 %). The essential oil has higher content of (76.48 %) of phenylpropanoids than monoterpenoids (10.79 %) and sesquiternoids (11.72 %). The essential oil exhibited larvicidal activity against A. albopictus with a median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of 35.43 μg/mL. Conclusion : The findings obtained indicate that the essential oil of I. henryi leaves has potentials for use in the control of A. albopictus larvae and may be useful in the search for newer, safer and more effective natural compounds as larvicides. Keywords : Illicium henryi, Aedes albopictus, Larvicidal activity, Mosquito, Essential oil, Phenylpropanoids, Monoterpenoids, Sesquiternoids
Optimal cache allocation for Content-Centric Networking

Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is a promising framework for evolving the current network architecture, advocating ubiquitous in-network caching to enhance content delivery. Consequently, in CCN, each router has storage space to cache frequently requested content. In this work, we focus on the cache allocation problem: namely, how to distribute the cache capacity across routers under a constrained total storage budget for the network. We formulate this problem as a content placement problem and obtain the exact optimal solution by a two-step method. Through simulations, we use this algorithm to investigate the factors that affect the optimal cache allocation in CCN, such as the network topology and the popularity of content. We find that a highly heterogeneous topology tends to put most of the capacity over a few central nodes. On the other hand, heterogeneous content popularity has the opposite effect, by spreading capacity across far more nodes. Using our findings, we make observations on how network operators could best deploy CCN caches capacity.
Band structure engineering in highly degenerate tetrahedrites through isovalent doping

It can be difficult to reduce the electrical resistivity of highly degenerate semiconductors due to their high carrier concentration, impeding the further increase in their thermoelectric power factor. Here we report on an enhancement in the power factor of highly degenerate Cu12Sb4S13−xSex solid solutions, which show a dramatic decrease in the electrical resistivity while maintaining a constant Seebeck coefficient for various contents of Se. Rather than arising from an increased carrier concentration, the reduced electrical resistivity is a consequence of the upward displacement of the valence bands with low effective masses. Using theoretical calculations, we show that these additional valence bands have a similar density of states effective mass to that of the existing conduction valley, thus yielding unchanged Seebeck coefficients. The results suggest that the power factor of highly degenerate semiconductors can be enhanced through careful band structure engineering via isovalent doping.
Neurostimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy: a systematic review of clinical evidence for efficacy, safety, contraindications and predictors for response.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neurostimulation is becoming an increasingly accepted treatment alternative for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) who are unsuitable surgery candidates. Standardized guidelines on when or how to use the various neurostimulation modalities are lacking. We conducted a systematic review on the currently available neurostimulation modalities primarily with regard to effectiveness and safety. RECENT FINDINGS For vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), there is moderate-quality evidence for its effectiveness in adults with drug-resistant partial epilepsies. Moderate-to-low-quality evidence supports the efficacy and safety of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and responsive neurostimulation (RNS) in patients with DRE. There is moderate-to-very low-quality evidence that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is effective or well tolerated. For transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS), there are insufficient data to support the efficacy of any of these modalities for DRE. These treatment modalities, nevertheless, appear well tolerated, with no severe adverse events reported. SUMMARY Head-to-head comparison of treatment modalities such as VNS, DBS and RNS across different epileptic syndromes are required to decide which treatment modality is the most effective for a given patient scenario. Such studies are challenging and it is unlikely that data will be available in the near future. Additional data collection on potentially promising noninvasive neurostimulation modalities like tVNS, TMS, TNS and tDCS is warranted to get a more precise estimate of their therapeutic benefit and long-term safety.
Distribution of capillaries in normal and ischemic turkey skeletal muscle.

Capillary to fiber relationship was studied in musculi biceps femoris and musculi pectoralis thoracicus from 20 normal and 10 ischemic turkeys. Capillary density, the number of capillaries surrounding a fiber, capillary to fiber ratio, intercapillary distance, and fiber area were measured. The muscles from the ischemic group had significantly lower (P less than .05) values for capillary density and capillary to fiber ratio and significantly higher intercapillary distance than those from the normal group. There was no evidence of larger muscle fiber size in the ischemic versus normal birds. It is suggested that the occurrence of muscle ischemia in the domestic turkey is due to alterations in capillarity and reduced vasodilatation, resulting from lack of exercise.
Analytical Characterisation of the Terahertz In-Vivo Nano-Network in the Presence of Interference Based on TS-OOK Communication Scheme

The envisioned dense nano-network inside the human body at terahertz (THz) frequency suffers a communication performance degradation among nano-devices. The reason for this performance limitation is not only the path loss and molecular absorption noise, but also the presence of multi-user interference and the interference caused by utilising any communication scheme, such as time spread ON—OFF keying (TS-OOK). In this paper, an interference model utilising TS-OOK as a communication scheme of the THz communication channel inside the human body has been developed and the probability distribution of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for THz communication within different human tissues, such as blood, skin, and fat, has been analyzed and presented. In addition, this paper evaluates the performance degradation by investigating the mean values of SINR under different node densities in the area and the probabilities of transmitting pulses. It results in the conclusion that the interference restrains the achievable communication distance to approximate 1 mm, and more specific range depends on the particular transmission circumstance. Results presented in this paper also show that by controlling the pulse transmission probability and node density, the system performance can be ameliorated. In particular, SINR of in vivo THz communication between the deterministic targeted transmitter and the receiver with random interfering nodes in the medium improves about 10 dB, when the node density decreases one order. The SINR increases approximate 5 and 2 dB, when the pulse transmitting probability drops from 0.5 to 0.1 and 0.9 to 0.5.
ForkBase: An Efficient Storage Engine for Blockchain and Forkable Applications

Existing data storage systems offer a wide range of functionalities to accommodate an equally diverse range of applications. However, new classes of applications have emerged, e.g., blockchain and collaborative analytics, featuring data versioning, fork semantics, tamper-evidence or any combination thereof. They present new opportunities for storage systems to efficiently support such applications by embedding the above requirements into the storage. In this paper, we present ForkBase , a storage engine designed for blockchain and forkable applications. By integrating core application properties into the storage, ForkBase not only delivers high performance but also reduces development effort. The storage manages multiversion data and supports two variants of fork semantics which enable different fork worklflows. ForkBase is fast and space efficient, due to a novel index class that supports efficient queries as well as effective detection of duplicate content across data objects, branches and versions. We demonstrate ForkBase 's performance using three applications: a blockchain platform, a wiki engine and a collaborative analytics application. We conduct extensive experimental evaluation against respective state-of-the-art solutions. The results show that ForkBase achieves superior performance while significantly lowering the development effort.
Surface Engineering for Extremely Enhanced Charge Separation and Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution on g‐C3N4

Reinforcing the carrier separation is the key issue to maximize the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) efficiency of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4). By a surface engineering of gradual doping of graphited carbon rings within g‐C3N4, suitable energy band structures and built‐in electric fields are established. Photoinduced electrons and holes are impelled into diverse directions, leading to a 21‐fold improvement in the PHE rate.
Scoping review on the use of socially assistive robot technology in elderly care

Objective With an elderly population that is set to more than double by 2050 worldwide, there will be an increased demand for elderly care. This poses several impediments in the delivery of high-quality health and social care. Socially assistive robot (SAR) technology could assume new roles in health and social care to meet this higher demand. This review qualitatively examines the literature on the use of SAR in elderly care and aims to establish the roles this technology may play in the future. Design Scoping review. Data sources Search of CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, PsychINFO and Scopus databases was conducted, complemented with a free search using Google Scholar and reference harvesting. All publications went through a selection process, which involved sequentially reviewing the title, abstract and full text of the publication. No limitations regarding date of publication were imposed, and only English publications were taken into account. The main search was conducted in March 2016, and the latest search was conducted in September 2017. Eligibility criteria The inclusion criteria consist of elderly participants, any elderly healthcare facility, humanoid and pet robots and all social interaction types with the robot. Exclusions were acceptability studies, technical reports of robots and publications surrounding physically or surgically assistive robots. Results In total, 61 final publications were included in the review, describing 33 studies and including 1574 participants and 11 robots. 28 of the 33 papers report positive findings. Five roles of SAR were identified: affective therapy, cognitive training, social facilitator, companionship and physiological therapy. Conclusions Although many positive outcomes were reported, a large proportion of the studies have methodological issues, which limit the utility of the results. Nonetheless, the reported value of SAR in elderly care does warrant further investigation. Future studies should endeavour to validate the roles demonstrated in this review. Systematic review registration NIHR 58672.