Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clathrin promotes incorporation of cargo into coated pits by activation of the AP2 adaptor μ2 kinase

Endocytic cargo such as the transferrin receptor is incorporated into clathrin-coated pits by associating, via tyrosine-based motifs, with the AP2 complex. Cargo–AP2 interactions occur via the μ2 subunit of AP2, which needs to be phosphorylated for endocytosis to occur. The most likely role for μ2 phosphorylation is in cargo recruitment because μ2 phosphorylation enhances its binding to internalization motifs. Here, we investigate the control of μ2 phosphorylation. We identify clathrin as a specific activator of the μ2 kinase and, in permeabilized cells, we show that ligand sequestration, driven by exogenous clathrin, results in elevated levels of μ2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we show that AP2 containing phospho-μ2 is mainly associated with assembled clathrin in vivo, and that the level of phospho-μ2 is strongly reduced in a chicken B cell line depleted of clathrin heavy chain. Our results imply a central role for clathrin in the regulation of cargo selection via the modulation of phospho-μ2 levels.
An Optimised Algorithm to Detect Faulty Readings along the Substrate Access Wireless Long-Thin Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of hundreds or thousands of small nodes, which work together and associate with a specific task or tasks to do. It is expected that wireless sensor networks will be used widely in many applications in the near future. One of the most important issues in WSNs is localisation. There are crucial problems over network localisation such as security attacks (internal or external), energy efficiency, and accuracy, which impact performance and energy-consuming of wireless sensor networks. The main source of these problems is network topology. A long-thin network topology (LTNT) in wireless sensor can produce errors in network localisation due to special deployment of nodes, also it can cause detecting nodes with faulty readings. This paper proposes an optimised algorithm based on Debraj De algorithm to determine faulty readings in WSNs. This algorithm uses a correlation parameter of two nodes to detect nodes with faulty readings. The proposed algorithm reduces computational complexity of the correlation algorithm, which causes network energy consumption becomes significantly low when compared with the original algorithm.
FOREST VEGETATION, FUEL, AND FIRE HAZARD DEVELOPMENT IN STANDS TREATED TO RESIST CROWN FIRE

Restoration of dry forests with historically frequent, low-severity fire regimes often includes fuel reduction treatment. Restorative fuel treatments reestablish open, early-seral forest structures and communities while reducing fuel continuity and load to reverse past management effects and bolster ecosystem resistance and resilience to fire. Between 2001 and 2016, various forms of restoration and fuel reduction have been implemented on over 26 million hectares on federal lands alone, reflecting the political and managerial urgency to prepare forest communities for the future. However, in the period between 2001 and 2012 nearly 20 million hectares were impacted by mountain pine beetle outbreak (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins), overlapping both treated and untreated forest stands. We explore vegetation dynamics in restorative fuel treatments that were subsequently overlapped by regional beetle outbreak. We used an experiment designed to test the effects of thinning and burning (treatment levels: Control, Thinonly, Burn-only, Thin+Burn) on frequent-fire forest ecosystems. Stands were fully treated by 2002, then impacted by regional beetle outbreak from approximately 2005 to 2012. We use overstory and understory (including all non-bryophyte vegetation) measurements from 2002, 2004/2005, and 2016 to assess change in forest community structure, composition, and diversity over time. Univariate ANOVA for a variety of responses demonstrated distinct thinning, burning, and year effects. Multivariate analyses indicated forest communities (i.e., structure and composition) were starkly different after treatment but became more similar over time, though
EE 367 / CS 448I Computational Imaging and Display Notes: Noise, Denoising, and Image Reconstruction with Noise (lecture 10)

Signal-dependent shot noise follows a Poisson distribution and is caused by statistical quantum fluctuations in the light reaching the sensor and also in the photoelectron conversion. For example, a linear camera sensor measures irradiance – the amount of incident power of per unit area. Spectral irradiance tells us how much power was incident per unit area and per wavelength. Given some amount of measured spectral irradiance would conceptually allow us to compute the number of photons that were incident on the sensor using the definition of photon energy1
An assume-guarantee rule for checking simulation

The simulation preorder on state transition systems is widely accepted as a useful notion of refinement, both in its own right and as an efficiently checkable sufficient condition for trace containment. For composite systems, due to the exponential explosion of the state space, there is a need for decomposing a simulation check of the form <i>P</i> ≤<inf><i>s</i></inf> <i>Q</i>, denoting "<i>P</i> is simulated by <i>Q</i>," into simpler simulation checks on the components of <i>P</i> and <i>Q</i>. We present an assume-guarantee rule that enables such a decomposition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first assume-guarantee rule that applies to a refinement relation different from trace containment. Our rule is circular, and its soundness proof requires induction on trace trees. The proof is constructive: given simulation relations that witness the simulation preorder between corresponding components of <i>P</i> and <i>Q</i>, we provide a procedure for constructing a witness relation for <i>P</i> ≤<inf><i>s</i></inf> <i>Q</i>. We also extend our assume-guarantee rule to account for fairness constraints on transition systems.
Disparities in food habits across Europe

Socially-and culturally-patterned differences in food habits exist both between and within European populations. Daily individual food availability data, collected through the national household budget surveys (HBS) and harmonized in the context of the Data Food Networking (DAFNE) project, were used to assess disparities in food habits of seven European populations and to evaluate dietary changes within a 10-year interval. The availability of selected food items was further estimated according to the educational level of the household head and, based only on the Greek HBS data, according to quintiles of the household's food purchasing capacity. Results for overall food availability support the north-south differentiation in food habits. Generally, the availability of most food items, including foods such as vegetable fats, animal lipids and sugar products, has decreased over the 10 years. Households in which the head was in the higher education categories reported lower availability for most food items, with the exception of low-fat milk, fresh fruit, animal lipids and soft drinks; the latter showing a sharp increase even within southern European households. The household's food purchasing capacity can be used as an indicator of socio-economic status, with higher values being associated with lower status. Greek households of lower social class follow a healthier diet in terms of greater availability of vegetable oils, fresh vegetables, legumes, fish and seafood. Data from the DAFNE databank may serve as a tool for identifying and quantifying variation in food habits in Europe, as well as for providing information on the socio-economic determinants of food preferences.
Shared or Separate Mechanisms for Self-Face and Other-Face Processing? Evidence from Adaptation

Evidence that self-face recognition is dissociable from general face recognition has important implications both for models of social cognition and for our understanding of face recognition. In two studies, we examine how adaptation affects the perception of personally familiar faces, and we use a visual adaptation paradigm to investigate whether the neural mechanisms underlying the recognition of one’s own and other faces are shared or separate. In Study 1 we show that the representation of personally familiar faces is rapidly updated by visual experience with unfamiliar faces, so that the perception of one’s own face and a friend’s face is altered by a brief period of adaptation to distorted unfamiliar faces. In Study 2, participants adapted to images of their own and a friend’s face distorted in opposite directions; the contingent aftereffects we observe are indicative of separate neural populations, but we suggest that these reflect coding of facial identity rather than of the categories “self” and “other. ”
Estimating Cognitive Profiles Using Profile Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling (PAMS)

Two of the most popular methods of profile analysis, cluster analysis and modal profile analysis, have limitations. First, neither technique is adequate when the sample size is large. Second, neither method will necessarily provide profile information in terms of both level and pattern. A new method of profile analysis, called Profile Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling (PAMS; Davison, 1996), is introduced to meet the challenge. PAMS extends the use of simple multidimensional scaling methods to identify latent profiles in a multi-test battery. Application of PAMS to profile analysis is described. The PAMS model is then used to identify latent profiles from a subgroup (N = 357) within the sample of the Woodcock-Johnson Psychoeducational Battery-Revised (WJ-R; McGrew, Werder, & Woodcock, 1991; Woodcock & Johnson, 1989), followed by a discussion of procedures for interpreting participants' observed score profiles from the latent PAMS profiles. Finally, advantages and limitations of the PAMS technique are discussed.
An analytic algorithm based electromagnetic localization method

An electromagnetic based tracking method is proposed in this paper, which can provide 6D position and orientation information. This method is based on triaxial transmitting coils and triaxial sensing coils, which are based on the electromagnetic field. Transmitting coils fed with different frequency alternating current (AC) signals comprise the magnetic field source, which can be seen as three orthogonal magnetic dipoles. By extracting the amplitude and phase information from the triaxial sensing coils, 3D position and 3D orientation information of the sensing coils in the pre-defined localization coordinate system can be estimated using an appropriate algorithm. In this paper, an analytic method is proposed to realize the calculation, which can estimate the position and orientation of the sensing coils easily and fast. Simulation results indicate that this method has a good performance.
An organization model to support dynamic cooperative work and workflow

The rapid growth of computer networks, along with the wide acceptance of the Internet and Intranet (Cole 2003; Whinston et al. 2001), has pushed distributed computing into a new era. Software developers who used to focus solely on atomic and isolated computational models are now expanding their scope to cover group-computing solutions as well. Numerous research efforts in collaborative computing and process management have resulted in workflow and other automation techniques. These attempts emphasize mainly theories regarding process modelling and concurrent activity coordination. However, applications of these technologies in a large production environment have faced major setbacks due to the disconnection between the conceptual process definition and the actual complex operations of the real operating environment. The principal problem is that organizational information is rarely, if ever, comprehensively modelled, let alone integrated, into the process management system. Indeed, without a flexible and extensible organization model to describe the global resource information, it is impossible for a rapidly changing company to apply an enterprise-wide workflow system or groupware solution to handle global assignment, authorization, authentication, notification, and role migration. In this thesis, we define the issues in organization modelling and review the existing systems that are used to address these issues. We then propose a formal organization model, namely OMM (Organization Modelling and Management), which uses a hybrid approach (a cross between ER and OO) to capture all organizational resources available to the enterprise. With the OMM approach, thousands of dynamically changing complex inter-relationships between resource objects are abstracted into a handful of business rules. Under the proposed model, an enabling service is defined to support dynamic role resolution, task assignment, process authorization and role-based access control. OMM not only enables large enterprises to take command of their various resources, but also allows employees, business partners, vendors and even customers to truly collaborate and interact with one another over an expanding and self-maintained communication network. A prototype of OMM has been developed and tested against a real operating environment, namely Hitachi America, which has a total of 6,000 employees distributed in several cities of the United States. The flexibility of OMM is further demonstrated by modifying the said prototype to obtain a new prototype, called OMM/PS (Publish-andSubscribe) to support PS in an e-commerce environment. This research prototype is used to enable an Internet-based commercial insurance company, called InsurePoint, to conduct interactive e-commerce on the Web. In Remembrance of My Parents Chung-Yin and Tak-Ying Ho Cheng
A new decompression system for the configuration process of SRAM-based FPGAS

Nowadays Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are an improved technology for developing high-performance embedded systems. SRAM-based FPGAs offers the possibility of in-the-field reconfiguration that results in the ability to adapt the product to modified user's requirements, to enrich the product's features, or simply to correct bugs. With the advent of multi-million gate FPGAs, the size of the configuration information that defines what circuit the FPGA implements has increased drastically, and thus the amount of external memory needed to keep the configuration data is increasing dramatically. In this work we developed a novel configuration compression system that exploits internal configuration mechanism of modern SRAM-based FPGAs and results in high compression efficiency. The proposed system is applicable to any modern SRAM-based FPGA devices having an embedded microprocessor core since the configuration data are processed as raw data. Moreover, the proposed approach does not require any external hardware support and allows high speed dynamic reconfiguration. Experimental results on Xilinx SRAM-based FPGAs platform implementing several real-world circuits demonstrated 82% savings in memory on the average.
Monthly Risedronate for the Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Risedronate is a first-line medicine for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, since meta-analyses of large randomized controlled trials have demonstrated its efficacy against vertebral, nonvertebral, and hip fractures. Risedronate has desirable pharmacological characteristics in terms of its low affinity for bone, and its strong inhibition of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase rapidly reduces bone turnoverand reverses the effect. Monthly risedronate, which has been recently approved, is non-inferior to daily risedronate in terms of changes in surrogate markers and the incidence of adverse effects. However, the incidence of acute phase reactions is higher for a monthly dosing regimen than for a daily dosing regimen. Because monthly bisphosphonates are superior to weekly bisphosphonates in terms of patient preference and convenience and, consequently, treatment adherence (particularly persistence), monthly risedronate is considered to be useful in clinical practice
Positive urine cultures: A major cause of inappropriate antimicrobial use in hospitals?

INTRODUCTION Urine specimens are among the most common samples submitted for culture to microbiology laboratories. The objectives of the present study were to describe the indications for obtaining urine cultures in a cohort of hospitalized patients, and to determine the appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy in response to urine culture results. METHODS The study was performed at a teaching hospital with an adjoining long-term care facility from June 1 to July 31, 2006. The medical records of nonpregnant adult patients with and without bacteriuria were reviewed. A symptomatic urinary tract infection was defined as the presence of bacteriuria in a patient with fever or urinary symptoms; asymptomatic bacteriuria was defined as bacteriuria without urinary symptoms and no infection evident at another site. RESULTS Medical records of 335 eligible patients (64% male; mean age 68 years) were reviewed, including all 137 with bacteriuria, and 198 with negative urine cultures. In total, 51% of the urine specimens were obtained from an indwelling urinary catheter, and 28% were voided urine samples. Confusion (57%) and fever (36%) were the most common indications noted for obtaining the urine cultures. Only 34 patients (25% of those with positive urine cultures) met the criteria for a symptomatic urinary tract infection; 67 (49%) had asymptomatic bacteriuria and 36 (26%) had infection at a nonurinary site. Of those with asymptomatic bacteriuria, 64% received antimicrobial therapy for a total of 347 days. Confused patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria were more likely to be treated than were bacteriuric patients without altered mental status (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.1; P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Urine cultures are frequently obtained from hospitalizedpatients,evenintheabsenceofurinarysymptoms.Asymptomatic bacteriuria is often treated in these patients, and accounts for a substantial burden of inappropriate antimicrobial use in hospitals. Effective strategies to improve urine culture ordering and antimicrobial utilization in hospitals need to be implemented.
Advanced DSP for improved wireless access in Mobile communications

This paper reports research activities performed as part of the UK Mobile Virtual Centre of Excellence (Mobile VCE), an industry-university research partnership conducting pre-competitive research for 4G systems. The Core 2 research programme, 2000~03, was subdivided into three work areas, networks, services and wireless access. This paper summarises some of the achievements in the wireless access work area.
Effects of fluid management on edema volume and midline shift in a rat model of ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fluid management on brain water content (BW) and midline shift (MLS) after a focal cerebral ischemic insult. METHODS A suture model was used to induce focal cerebral ischemia for 90 minutes (n=44). The rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups 2. 5 hours after reperfusion: dehydration (n=24), control (n=8), or hydration (n=12). BW was obtained with the wet-dry weight method 24 hours after middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. In addition, MRI were obtained (n=31) 24 hours after the onset of ischemia so that the ratio of hemispheric volumes ipsilateral (IH) and contralateral (CH) to the infarct and the extent of MLS could be obtained. RESULTS Across the range from moderate dehydration to intravascular volume expansion with isotonic saline, BW of the IH increased linearly as a function of change in body weight (r(2)=0.89), whereas few changes in relation to body weight were observed in CH, indicating a preferential effect of fluid management on the infarcted hemisphere. Furthermore, the hemispheric volume ratio (IH/CH) and MLS also increased in relation to changes in body weight. However, paradoxical increases in BW, IH/CH, and extent of MLS were observed in comparison with controls when severe dehydration was produced with high-dose mannitol. CONCLUSIONS Changes in ischemic BW by fluid management correlated closely with changes in body weight except when high-dose mannitol was used. Mannitol, as a dehydrating agent, may be associated with bimodal effects, with a high dose aggravating ischemic BW.
A 200GHz downconverter in 90nm CMOS

A 200 GHz downconverter in 90 nm standard CMOS is presented with a measured positive conversion gain of +6.6 dB and an IF bandwidth of 3 GHz for an LO power of −14.9 dBm. The conversion gain has a flatness of ±1.5 dB in an LO frequency range of 26 GHz. The IIP3 is −5.4 dBm. BPSK and QPSK data downconversion are demonstrated with a data rate of over 4 Gbit/s.
Distributed control in optical WDM networks

This paper describes and evaluates distributed wavelength reservation protocols for all-optical WDM networks. These protocols are essential for applying WDM techniques to large scale all-optical networks. The protocols ensure that the wavelengths on the links along a path are reserved before communication tales place. A message is transmitted using the reserved wavelengths and remains in the optical domain until it reaches the destination. Based upon the timing at which the reservation is performed, the protocols are classified into two categories: forward reservation protocols and backward reservation protocols. Although forward reservation protocols are simpler, our performance study shows that backward reservation protocols provide better performance.
Preliminary view of geotechnical properties of soft rocks of Semanggol formation at Pokok Sena, Kedah

The research was inspired by series of geological studies on Semanggol formation found exposed at North Perak, South Kedah and North Kedah. The chert unit comprised interbedded chert-shale rocks are the main lithologies sampled in a small-scale outcrop of Pokok Sena area. Black shale materials were also observed associated with these sedimentary rocks. The well-known characteristics of shale that may swell when absorb water and leave shrinkage when dried make the formation weaker when load is applied on it. The presence of organic materials may worsen the condition apart from the other factors such as the history of geological processes and depositional environment. Thus, this research is important to find the preliminary relations of the geotechnical properties of soft rocks and the geological reasoning behind it. Series of basic soil tests and 1-D compression tests were carried out to obtain the soil parameters. The results obtained gave some preliminary insight to mechanical behaviour of these two samples. The black shale and weathered interbedded chert-shale were classified as sandy-clayey-SILT and clayey-silty-SAND respectively. The range of specific gravity of black shale and interbedded chert/shale 2.3 – 2.6 and fall in the common range of shale and chert specific gravity value. In terms of degree of plasticity, the interbedded chert/shale samples exhibit higher plastic degree compared to the black shale samples. Results from oedometer tests showed that black shale samples had higher overburden pressure (Pc) throughout its lifetime compare to weathered interbedded chert-shale, however the compression index (Cc) of black shale were 0.15 – 0.185 which was higher than that found in interbedded chert-shale. The geotechnical properties of these two samples were explained in correlation with their provenance and their history of geological processes involved which predominantly dictated the mechanical behaviour of these two samples.