Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unveiling a family of spiro-β-lactams with anti-HIV and antiplasmodial activity via phosphine-catalyzed [3+2] annulation of 6-alkylidene-penicillanates and allenoates

The molecular architecture of spirocyclic compounds has been widely explored within the medicinal chemistry field to obtain new compounds with singular three-dimensional pharmacophoric features and improved bioactivity. Herein, the synthesis of 68 new spirocyclopentene-β-lactams is described, resulting from a rational drug design and structural modulation of a highly promising lead compound BSS-730A, previously identified as having dual antimicrobial activity associated with a novel mechanism of action. Among this diverse library of new compounds, 22 were identified as active against HIV-1, with eight displaying an IC50 lower than 50 nM. These eight compounds also showed nanomolar activity against HIV-2, and six of them displayed micromolar antiplasmodial activity against both the hepatic and the blood stages of infection by malaria parasites, in agreement with the lead molecule’s bioactivity profile. The spirocyclopentene-β-lactams screened also showed low cytotoxicity against TZM-bl and Huh7 human cell lines. Overall, a family of new spirocyclopentene penicillanates with potent activity against HIV and/or Plasmodium was identified. The present structure–activity relationship open avenues for further development of spirocyclopentene-β-lactams as multivalent, highly active broad spectrum antimicrobial agents. Graphical Abstract
Magnetic resonance T1ρ quantification of human brain at 5.0 T: A pilot study

MR quantitative T1ρ mapping has gained increasing attention due to its capability to study low-frequency motional processes and chemical exchange in biological tissues. At ultra-high fields, the chemical exchange and proton diffusion in biological tissues should be more prominent. In this study, for the first time, we aim to test the feasibility of brain T1ρ mapping at 5.0 T MR scanner and compare the T1ρ values estimated using 3.0 T and 5.0 T scanners. Preliminary experimental results show that 5.0 T achieves T1ρ-weighted images with a higher signal-to-noise ratio than those acquired at 3.0T. The SNR benefit at 5.0 T is more obvious in high-resolution imaging. The T1ρ quantifications at 5.0 T are: Corpus callosum (67.4 ± 1.9 ms), Corona radiate (71.5 ± 1.8 ms), Superior frontal gyrus (67.6 ± 2.5 ms), Putamen (58.9 ± 1.2 ms), Centrum semiovale (84.0 ± 6.3 ms). Statistical analysis results indicate that the T1ρ values at 5.0 T show no significant difference with those obtained at 3.0 T (all p > 0.05). The interfield agreements in terms of T1ρ values between 3.0 T and 5.0 T were substantial (all ICCs >0.7). The coefficients of variation for T1ρ measurements from 3.0 T to 5.0 T were all less than 6.50% (2.28%–6.32%).
Role of employee loneliness, job uncertainty and psychological distress in employee-based brand equity: Mediating role of employee exhaustion

Employee-based brand equity plays a crucial role in building organizations' brand equity, and organizations strive to maintain it because of its stimulating effect on competitive achievement. Based on psychological contract and stress theory, this study developed a model that points out the antecedents which can play an adverse role in the EBBE building process. This study explores the role of employee loneliness, job uncertainty, and psychological distress on employee-based brand equity. This study also explores the mediating role of emotional exhaustion in these relationships. For the empirical analyses of the model, this study gathered data based on a 459 sample size under a time-lag approach from the employees of clothing brands in China. This study analyzed the data through partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). For this purpose, SmartPLS software was used. The outcomes revealed that employee loneliness has no direct relationship with employee-based brand equity; however, job uncertainty and psychological distress negatively influence employee-based brand equity, such as job uncertainty and psychological distress reduce employee-brand-based equity. Moreover, emotional exhaustion mediates the relationship between employee loneliness and employee-based brand equity and job uncertainty and employee-based brand equity; however, emotional exhaustion does not mediate the relationship between psychological distress and employee-based brand equity. Finally, practical implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed in this study.
On the spectrum of gauge/gravity duals with reduced supersymmetry

The topic of the present thesis is the study of some examples in gauge/string duality. We carefully study the orbifold gauge theory and orbifold string theory and show that the known integrability in AdS/CFT extends to the general supersymmetric orbifolds of AdS × S5. There is an interesting interplay between the two descriptions of the orbifold gauge theory. Another interesting example is the KlebanovStrassler (KS) background. We find the exhaustive list of the supergravity excitations in the I-odd sector of the KS theory. These comprise the three j = 1 2 massive supermultiplets each consisting of a (possibly pseudo) scalar, two fermions and a vector, and the two j = 1 supermultiplets whose bosonic content is a vector and a pseudovector. Surprisingly, the spectrum of the excitations which fit into the pure gauge sector strongly resembles the results obtained from the numeric studies in lattice gauge theory.
A NEAR-INFRARED TEMPLATE DERIVED FROM I Zw 1 FOR THE Fe ii EMISSION IN ACTIVE GALAXIES

In active galactic nucleus spectra, a series of Fe ii multiplets form a pseudo-continuum that extends from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared (NIR). This emission is believed to originate in the broad-line region, and it has been known for a long time that pure photoionization fails to reproduce it in the most extreme cases, as does the collisional excitation alone. The most recent models by Sigut & Pradhan include details of the Fe ii ion microphysics and cover a wide range in the ionization parameter log Uion = (− 3.0 → −1.3) and density log nH = (9.6 → 12.6). With the aid of such models and a spectral synthesis approach, we studied for the first time in detail the NIR emission of I Zw 1. The main goals were to confirm the role played by Lyα fluorescence mechanisms in the production of the Fe ii spectrum and to construct the first semi-empirical NIR Fe ii template that best represents this emission, consequently allowing its clean subtraction in other sources. A good overall match between the observed Fe ii+Mg ii features with those predicted by the best-fitted model was obtained, corroborating the Lyα fluorescence as a key process to understand the Fe ii spectrum. The best model was fine-tuned by applying a deconvolution method to the observed Fe ii+Mg ii spectrum. This derived semi-empirical template was then fitted to the spectrum of Ark 564, showing that it nicely reproduced its observed Fe ii+Mg ii emission. Our work extends the current set of available Fe ii templates into the NIR region.
The European Pulsar Timing Array: current efforts and a LEAP toward the future

The European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA) is a multi-institutional, multi-telescope collaboration, with the goal of using high-precision pulsar timing to directly detect gravitational waves. In this paper we discuss the EPTA member telescopes, current achieved timing precision and near-future goals. We report a preliminary upper limit to the amplitude of a gravitational wave background. We also discuss the Large European Array for Pulsars, in which the five major European telescopes involved in pulsar timing will be combined to provide a coherent array that will give similar sensitivity to the Arecibo radio telescope, and larger sky coverage.
THE ADVANCED CAMERA FOR SURVEYS NEARBY GALAXY SURVEY TREASURY. V. RADIAL STAR FORMATION HISTORY OF NGC 300

We present new Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of NGC 300 taken as part of the Advanced Camera for Surveys Nearby Galaxy Survey Treasury (ANGST). Individual stars are resolved in these images down to an absolute magnitude of MF814W = 1.0 (below the red clump). We determine the star formation history of the galaxy in six radial bins by comparing our observed color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) with synthetic CMDs based on theoretical isochrones. We find that the stellar disk out to 5.4 kpc is primarily old, in contrast with the outwardly similar galaxy M33. We determine the scale length as a function of age and find evidence for inside–out growth of the stellar disk: the scale length has increased from 1.1 ± 0.1 kpc 10 Gyr ago to 1.3 ± 0.1 kpc at present, indicating a buildup in the fraction of young stars at larger radii. As the scale length of M33 has recently been shown to have increased much more dramatically with time, our results demonstrate that two galaxies with similar sizes and morphologies can have very different histories. With an N-body simulation of a galaxy designed to be similar to NGC 300, we determine that the effects of radial migration should be minimal. We trace the metallicity gradient as a function of time and find a present-day metallicity gradient consistent with that seen in previous studies. Consistent results are obtained from archival images covering the same radial extent but differing in placement and filter combination.
SN 2013df, a double-peaked IIb supernova from a compact progenitor and an extended H envelope

Optical observations of the type IIb SN 2013df from a few days to about 250 days after explosion are presented. These observations are complemented with UV photometry taken by SWIFT up to 60 days post-explosion. The double-peak optical light curve is similar to those of SNe 1993J and 2011fu although with dierent decline and rise rates. From the modelling of the bolometric light curve, we have estimated that the total mass of synthesised 56 Ni in the explosion is 0:1 M , while the ejecta mass is 0:8{1:4 M and the explosion energy 0:4{1:2 10 51 erg. In addition, we have estimated a lower limit to the progenitor radius ranging from 64 169R . The spectral evolution indicates that SN 2013df had a hydrogen envelope similar to SN 1993J ( 0:2 M ). The line proles in nebular spectra suggest that the explosion was asymmetric with the presence of clumps in the ejecta, while the [Oi] 6300, 6364 luminosities, may indicate that the progenitor of SN 2013df was a relatively low mass star ( 12 13 M ).
Fractal Models of Earthquake Dynamics

Our understanding of earthquakes is based on the theory of plate tectonics. Earthquake dynamics is the study of the interactions of plates (solid disjoint parts of the lithosphere) which produce seismic activity. Over the last about fifty years many models have come up which try to simulate seismic activity by mimicking plate plate interactions. The validity of a given model is subject to the compliance of the synthetic seismic activity it produces to the well known empirical laws which describe the statistical features of observed seismic activity. Here we present a review of two such models of earthquake dynamics with main focus on a relatively new model namely The Two Fractal Overlap Model.
Teaching is therapy for me. The subjective wellbeing of Austrian ICLHE teachers: learning to balance challenges and resources through teacher development

ABSTRACT Purpose: Even though research on teacher wellbeing has recently generated considerable interest in the field of teacher psychology, investigations of the subjective wellbeing of ICLHE teachers remain relatively scarce and have not found their way into teacher development. It is therefore worth investigating whether teachers in tertiary education struggle or flourish in their role as ICLHE teachers, what factors appear to diminish or enhance their wellbeing and how teacher development can address these factors. Design/methodology/approach: Based on a nation-wide study on the subjective wellbeing of Austrian CLIL teachers in primary and secondary education, data for this paper were generated from ten semi-structured interviews with ICLHE teachers who discussed their ability to cope with the spate of new tasks and to remain optimistic despite the emotional and social demands they have to face. The findings below are the result of a thematic analysis following procedures laid out by Braun and Clarke ([2006] “Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2): 77–101. ). Findings: Our study shows that teachers manage the challenges of having to teach in English better if they perceive their work as rewarding, have a strong social network and see a clear purpose in their work. It seems that particularly in tertiary education, goals, motivation and possibly prestige connected with ICLHE help reduce the impact of stress and other challenges. Originality/value: Based on our findings, we developed a combined Interactive Balance Model for Managing Wellbeing which offers a feasible avenue to explore individuals’ positive psychological resources. We hope that this model will provide a framework for effective ICLHE teacher development.
Liking versus commenting on online news: effects of expression affordances on political attitudes

By performing actions such as “liking” a post, commenting on it, or sharing it with others, we are constantly expressing our opinions about ongoing news and public affairs on online media platforms. How do these acts of expression affect our feelings and opinions? We address this question from an “affordance” perspective, focusing on the effects of both the presence of the expression affordance (cue effects) and users’ actual engagement with it (action effects). We conducted an online experiment ( N ¼ 368) on a news website with thumbs-up/down and/or commenting as low-effort and high-effort expression affordances, respectively. Data revealed that the low-effort affordance led to more affective polarization while the high-effort affordance promoted increased interest in deliberation. Merely presenting a commenting cue mitigated affective polarization by increasing perceived interactivity. However, when users engaged the affordance by providing comments, it tended to reinforce pre-existing opinions. These ﬁndings have theoretical and practical implications.
Constraints on the dark matter annihilation from Fermi-LAT observation of M31

Gamma-ray is a good probe of dark matter (DM) particles in the Universe. We search for the DM annihilation signals in the direction of the Andromeda galaxy (M31) using 7.5 year Fermi-LAT pass 8 data. Similar to Pshirkov et al. (2016), we find that there is residual excess emission from the direction of M31 if only the galactic disk as traced by the far infrared emission is considered. Adding a point-like source will improve the fitting effectively, although additional slight improvements can be found if an extended component such as a uniform disk or two bubbles is added instead. Taking the far infrared disk plus a point source as the background model, we search for the DM annihilation signals in the data. We find that there is strong degeneracy between the emission from the galaxy and that from 10s GeV mass DM annihilation in the main halo with quark final state. However, the required DM annihilation cross section is about 10−25–10−24 cm3s−1, orders of magnitude larger than the constraints from observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies, indicating a non-DM origin of the emission. If DM subhalos are taken into account, the degeneracy is broken. When considering the enhancement from DM subhalos, the constraints on DM model parameters are comparable to (or slightly weaker than) those from the population of dwarf spheroidal galaxies. We also discuss the inverse Compton scattering component from DM annihilation induced electrons/positrons. For the first time we include an energy dependent template of the inverse Compton emission (i.e., a template cube) in the data analysis to take into account the effect of diffusion of charged particles. We find a significant improvement of the constraints in the high mass range of DM particles after considering the inverse Compton emission.
Selected Works of Wen-Tsun Wu

On the Product of Sphere Bundles and the Duality Theorem Modulo Two On Universal Invariant Forms The Out-In Complementary Principle On Chern Numbers of Algebraic Varieties with Arbitrary Singularities On the Foundation of Algebraic Differential Geometry On a Finiteness Theorem About Optimization Problems On Surface-Fitting Problem in CAGD On the Development of Real Number System in Ancient China and other papers.
Fundamental vibrational transitions of hydrogen chloride detected in CRL 2136

We would like to understand the chemistry of dense clouds and their hot cores more quantitatively by obtaining more complete knowledge of the chemical species present in them. We have obtained high-resolution infrared absorption spectroscopy at 3-4 um toward the bright infrared source CRL 2136. The fundamental vibration-rotation band of HCl has been detected within a dense cloud for the first time. The HCl is probably located in the warm compact circumstellar envelope or disk of CRL 2136. The fractional abundance of HCl is (4.9-8.7)e-8, indicating that approximately 20 % of the elemental chlorine is in gaseous HCl. The kinetic temperature of the absorbing gas is 250 K, half the value determined from infrared spectroscopy of 13CO and water. The percentage of chlorine in HCl is approximately that expected for gas at this temperature. The reason for the difference in temperatures between the various molecular species is unknown.
STAX. An Axion-like Particle Search with Microwave Photons

We discuss an improved detection scheme for a light-shining-through-wall (LSW) experiment for axion-like particle searches. We propose to use: gyrotrons or klystrons, which can provide extremely intense photon fluxes at frequencies around 30 GHz; transition-edge-sensors (TES) single photon detectors in this frequency domain, with efficiency $\approx1$; high quality factor Fabry-Perot cavities in the microwave domain, both on the photon-axion conversion and photon regeneration sides. We compute that present laboratory exclusion limits on axion-like particles might be improved by at least four orders of magnitude for axion masses $\lesssim 0.02$ meV.
Caby Photometry of the Hyades: Comparisons with the Field Stars

Intermediate-band photometry of the Hyades on the Caby system is presented for dwarf stars ranging from spectral type A through late K. A mean (hk, b-y) relation is constructed using only single stars without anomalous atmospheres and is compared with the field stars of the solar neighborhood. For the F dwarfs, the Hyades relation defines an approximate lower bound in the two-color diagram, consistent with an [Fe/H] between +0.10 and +0.15. These index-color diagrams follow the common convention of presenting stars with highest abundance at the bottom of the plot, although the index values for the metal-rich stars are numerically larger. For field F dwarfs in the range [Fe/H] between +0.4 and -1.0, [Fe/H] = -5. 6δhk + 0.125, with no evidence for a color dependence in the slope. For the G and K dwarfs, the Hyades mean relation crosses the field star distribution in the two-color diagram, defining an approximate upper bound for the local disk stars. Stars found above the Hyades stars fall in at least one of three categories: [Fe/H] below -0.7, [Fe/H] above that of the Hyades, or chromospherically active. It is concluded that, contrary to the predictions of model atmospheres, the hk index for cool dwarfs at a given color hits a maximum value for stars below solar composition and, with increasing [Fe/H] above some critical value, declines. This trend is consistent, however, with the predictions from synthetic indices based upon much narrower Ca filters, where the crossover is caused by the metallicity sensitivity of b-y.
TURBULENT SHEAR ACCELERATION

We consider particle acceleration by large-scale incompressible turbulence with a length scale larger than the particle mean free path. We derive an ensemble-averaged transport equation of energetic charged particles from an extended transport equation that contains the shear acceleration. The ensemble-averaged transport equation describes particle acceleration by incompressible turbulence (turbulent shear acceleration). We find that for Kolmogorov turbulence, the turbulent shear acceleration becomes important on small scales. Moreover, using Monte Carlo simulations, we confirm that the ensemble-averaged transport equation describes the turbulent shear acceleration.
Critical Thinking Skills and Sustainability Consciousness of Students for the Implementation Education for Sustainable Development

The study aimed to describe the critical thinking skills and sustainability consciousness of students of one junior high school in Bandung using an E-module of environmental pollution containing education for sustainability development (ESD). The research used descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods. This study involved 32 participants using a research instrument in the form of critical thinking skills essay questions that contained sustainability consciousness (ESD) with a total of 12 questions. The study indicated that critical thinking skills reach the highest score on the indicator of building basic skills of 78.1% and the lowest score on the concluding indicator of 64.8%. The average score of students' critical thinking skills was 74.4%, which showed the level of students' critical thinking skills in the adequate category. Meanwhile, the sustainability consciousness components showed that the sustainable knowledge, sustainable attitude, and sustainable behavior were constructed with percentages of 82.1%; 79.5%; and 77.8% indicating that the average students’ sustainability consciousness was 79.8% in the good category.
Frustratingly Simple Regularization to Improve Zero-shot Cross-lingual Robustness

Large-scale multilingual pretrained encoders, 001 such as mBERT and XLM-R, have demon-002 strated impressive zero-shot cross-lingual trans-003 fer capability across multiple NLP tasks. How-004 ever, as we show in this paper, these models 005 suffer from two major problems: (1) degra-006 dation in zero-shot cross-lingual performance 007 after fine-tuning on a single language, and (2) 008 cross-lingual performance sensitivity to fine-009 tuning hyperparameters. In order to address 010 these issues, we evaluate two techniques during 011 fine-tuning, namely, Elastic Weight Consolida-012 tion (EWC) and L2-distance regularization to 013 assist the multilingual models in retaining their 014 cross-lingual ability after being fine-tuned on a 015 single language. We compare zero-shot cross-016 lingual performance of mBERT with/without 017 regularization on four different tasks: XNLI, 018 PANX, UDPOS and PAWSX and demonstrate 019 that the model fine-tuned with L2-distance reg-020 ularization performs better than its vanilla fine-021 tuned counterpart in zero-shot setting across all 022 the tasks by up to 1.64%. Moreover, by fine-023 tuning mBERT with different hyperparameter 024 settings on the specified tasks, we demonstrate 025 that L2-distance regularization also makes fine-026 tuning more robust, reducing standard devia-027 tion of zero-shot results by up to 87%. Based 028 on our experiments, EWC does not provide con-029 sistent improvements across languages. More-030 over, to test if additional constraint on the en-031 coder parameters would improve the results 032 further, we compared L2-distance regulariza-033 tion with techniques that freeze most of the 034 encoder parameters during fine-tuning, such as 035 bitfit, soft prompting, and adapter-based meth-036