Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intimate Partner Sexual Assault Against Women: Frequency, Health Consequences, and Treatment Outcomes

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics and consequences of sexual assault within intimate relationships specific to racial or ethnic group, compare the findings to a similar group of physically assaulted–only women, and measure the risk of reassault after victim contact with justice and health services METHODS: A personal interview survey of 148 African-American, Hispanic, and white English- and Spanish-speaking abused women seeking a protection order. Extent of sexual assault, prevalence of rape-related sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, and risk of reassault after treatment were measured RESULTS: Sixty-eight percent of the physically abused women reported sexual assault. Fifteen percent of the women attributed 1 or more sexually-transmitted diseases to sexual assault, and 20% of the women experienced a rape-related pregnancy. Sexually assaulted women reported significantly (P = .02) more PTSD symptoms compared with nonsexually assaulted women. One significant (P = .003) difference occurred between ethnic groups and PTSD scores. Regardless of sexual assault or no assault, Hispanic women reported significantly higher mean PTSD scores compared with African-American women (P = .005) and White women (P = .012). The risk of sexual reassault was decreased by 59% and 70% for women who contacted the police, or applied for a protection order, after the first sexual assault. Receiving medical care decreased the woman's risk of further sexual assault by 32% CONCLUSION: Sexual assault is experienced by most physically abused women and associated with significantly higher levels of PTSD compared with women physically abused only. The risk of reassault is decreased if contact is made with health or justice agencies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III
Rat lung aldose reductase inhibition capacity of substituted indole hydrazide/hydrazone derivatives

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder, and diabetic complications lead to morbidity and death in diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia has been shown to be the most important risk factor in charge for the systemic complications. Various biochemical pathways have been proposed to explain the adverse effects of hyperglycemia. Potential cellular mechanisms of hyperglycemia-induced complications are the activation of diacylglycerol-protein kinase C, increased polyol pathway, enhanced reactive oxygen species production, nonenzymatic glycation and advanced glycation end products pathway (1-4).
Men money and marriage: are high earners more prone than low earners to marry?

Most empirical research on earnings reveals that married men earn more than never married or divorced men. This research addresses the question of whether married men are seen to earn more because they are economically attractive candidates for marriage in the first place.Data on young employed men [in the United States] are taken from three waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). We exploit the longitudinal nature of the PSID to model individual transitions in marital status as functions of variables that capture mens earnings prospects. The results show that "single men who are characterized by favorable earnings residuals are more likely to marry. Married men with favorable expected earnings are less prone to divorce. " The authors conclude that "the observed earnings premium of married men results in part from economic selection of high earners into marriage. " (EXCERPT)
Performance improvement of reliable TCP using cross - layer interaction in multihop wireless networks

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) assumes a relatively underlying network where more packet loss is due to congestion. In a wireless network packet losses will occur more often due to unreliable wireless links. When TCP is used over-wireless networks, each packet loss on the wireless link results in congestion. Congestion control mechanisms have to be applied, after finding out the reasons for packet loss in wireless networks. This paper describes two techniques to improve TCP performance over multihop wireless networks. The Link RED (LRED) technique seeks to react to link overhead. The adaptive pacing technique seeks to improve spatial reuse. Performance analysis of TCP over wireless networks are done using network simulator. Here the throughput and End - to - End delay are the parameters for analysis.
Fingerspelling and Sign Language as Alternative Codes for Reading and Writing Words for Chilean Deaf Signers

The study examined the role of sign language and fingerspelling in the development of the reading and writing skills of deaf children and youth. Twenty-six deaf participants (13 children, 13 adolescents), whose first language was Chilean Sign Language (CHSL), were examined. Their dactylic abilities were evaluated with tasks involving the reading and writing of dactylic and orthographic codes. The study included three experiments: (a) the identification of Chilean signs and fingerspelled words, (b) the matching of fingerspelled words with commercial logos, and (c) the decoding of fingerspelled words and the mapping of these words onto the writing system. The results provide convergent evidence that the use of fingerspelling and sign language is related to orthographic skills. It is concluded that fingerspelling can facilitate the internal representation of words and serve as a supporting mechanism for reading acquisition.
[Primary health care and development of the rural regions in the fight against maternal mortality and infant mortality].

Primary health care and rural development often go hand in hand. In Ndolage hospital in Tanzania such a project has been going on for about a year in a community of about 8000 people. the project deals with such subjects as water supply, latrines, vaccination, health education, care of dairy cows, three planting and agricultural development. Mother and child health activities are carried on daily at the hospital and once a week in each of the 6 villages from a mobile clinic. The population in the district is about 40,000. Activity has expanded from about 7300 child visits in 1984 to 13,900 visits in 1987. The number of visits from pregnant women has increased from 4700 to 6000 in the same period. Measles has been one of the principal health problems from about 100 cases with 20% mortality in the mid-1980s, the disease is now down to 20 cases in 1988 with 10% mortality. This has been made possible by 2 vaccination campaigns, 1 in 1986 and 1 at the end of 1987 and by expanded regular mother and child health care. A protected water system was built which brought clean water from a nearby mountain for distribution to the villages. A nurse from the hospital has been stationed in the village to assist the villagers with instruction on hygiene, hand washing, latrines, water and first aid. The hospital also organized study circles of 10-12 persons who meet regularly to discuss health activities. Practical changes such as latrines, sinks, vegetable gardens and better food for children are beginning to be seen in the district
International renal cell cancer study. VII. role of diet

We investigated the role of diet in the etiology of renal cell cancer (RCC) in a multi‐center, population‐based case‐control study conducted in Australia, Denmark, Sweden and the United States, using a shared protocol. A total of 1,185 incident histopathologically confirmed cases (698 men, 487 women) and 1,526 controls (915 men, 611 women) frequency‐matched to cases by sex and age were included in the analyses. The association between RCC and diet was estimated by relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, sex, study center, body mass index and smoking. A statistically significant positive association was observed for total energy intake (RR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.4–2.2 for the highest vs. lowest quartile, p value for trend <0.00001), while the hypothesis that protein and fat are risk factors independent of energy was not supported. Fried meats were associated with increased RCC risk, while vegetables and fruits were protective, with the strongest effect observed for the highest quartile of consumption of orange/dark green vegetables but not vitamin C or β carotene. Increased risk was associated with low intake (lowest decile) of vitamin E and magnesium. We observed an apparent protective effect of alcohol confined to women and probably due to chance. Our findings indicate an important role of nutrition in the development of RCC. The apparent positive association of energy intake with risk of RCC needs further investigation in a prospective cohort study to exclude the possible impact of differences in recall between cases and controls. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enterprise application integration systems and architecture - the case of the Robert Bosch Group

Today, most organisations are using packaged software for their key business processes. Enterprise resource planning, supply chain management, customer relationship management and electronic commerce systems enable organisations to improve their focus of using information systems to support their operational and financial goals. This article argues that the need to integrate these packaged software applications with each other as well as with existing or legacy business applications drives the need for a standardised integration architecture to more flexibly implement new business processes across different organisations and applications. To illustrate the components of such an architecture, a case study undertaken at the Robert Bosch Group provided necessary empirical evidence. The Robert Bosch Group has evaluated different enterprise application integration (EAI) systems to achieve a standardised integration architecture. The article describes a reference architecture and criteria for the classification of EAI systems which are derived from different integration approaches.
Preexisting Immunity, Not Frailty Phenotype, Predicts Influenza Postvaccination Titers among Older Veterans

ABSTRACT Both preexisting immunity to influenza and age have been shown to be correlates of influenza vaccine responses. Frailty, an indicator of functional impairment in older adults, was also shown in one study to predict lower influenza vaccine responses among nonveterans. In the current study, we aimed to determine the associations between frailty, preexisting immunity, and immune responses to influenza vaccine among older veterans. We studied 117 subjects (age range, 62 to 95 years [median age, 81 years]), divided into three cohorts based on the Fried frailty test, i.e., nonfrail (NF) (n = 23 [median age, 68 years]), prefrail (n = 50 [median age, 80 years]), and frail (n = 44 [median age, 82 years]), during the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 influenza seasons. Subjects received the seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine, and baseline and postvaccination samples were obtained. Anti-influenza humoral immunity, as measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralization assays, was measured for influenza B, A(H1N1)pdm09, and A(H3N2) viruses. Postvaccination titers were not different between frail and NF subjects overall in this older subset of veterans. However, preexisting HI titers were strongly correlated with postvaccination titers among all functional status groups. When microneutralization titers were compared, the association between preexisting immunity and vaccine responses varied by frailty status, with the strongest correlation being observed for the NF group. In conclusion, preexisting immunity rather than frailty appeared to predict postvaccination titers in this older veteran cohort.
Working on Sundays–Effects on Safety, Health, and Work-life Balance

Several attributes of the work schedule can increase the risk of occupational injuries and accidents, health impairments, and reduced social participation. Although previous studies mainly focused on the effects of shiftwork and long working hours on employee health and safety, there is little evidence of a potential negative impact of working Sundays on the incidence of occupational accidents, health impairments, and work-life balance. A representative sample of employed workers in 31 member and associated states of the European Union (n = 23,934) served as the database for a cross-sectional analysis. The sample was collected via face-to-face interviews in the year 2005. The association of the risks of occupational accidents, health impairments, and decreases in work-life balance with working Sundays was calculated using logistic regression models, controlling for potential confounders, such as shiftwork, workload, and demographic characteristics. The results indicated that working one or more Sundays/month was associated with increase both in the risk of reporting one or more health impairments (odds ratio [OR]: 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.29) and poorer work-life balance (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.02–1.28). These effects remained after controlling for potentially confounding factors, such as other work schedule attributes, intensity of physical and mental workload, and individual characteristics. Furthermore, working Sundays was also related to increased risk of occupational accidents within the last year (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.03–1.73). Controlling again for individual, workload, and working-time characteristics, a significant association with accident risk, however, remained only in work sectors with low a priori risk of occupational accidents (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02–1.91), although the increased risk could be observed for both medium and high a priori risk sectors working Sundays (without controlling for additional confounders). The results thus indicate that the detrimental effects of working Sundays on safety, health, and social well-being should be taken into account when designing work schedules. The potential hazards to employees' safety, health, and work-life balance, in particular, should be considered in discussions concerning extending work on Sundays in certain sectors, e.g., retail. (Author correspondence: awirtz@hsph.harvard.edu)
Identification and Characterization of Two Distinct Truncated Forms of gp130 and a Soluble Form of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor α-Chain in Normal Human Urine and Plasma*

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a polyfunctional cytokine known to require at least two distinct receptor components (LIF receptor α-chain and gp130) in order to form a high affinity, functional receptor complex. In this report, we present evidence that there are two distinct truncated forms of gp130 in normal human urine and plasma: a large form with a molecular weight of approximately 100,000, which is similar to a previously described form of soluble gp130 in human serum, and a previously undescribed small form with a molecular weight of approximately 50,000. Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against the extracellular domain of human gp130, we were able to show that the small form of the urinary gp130 probably contained only the hemopoietin domain. Both forms of gp130 bound LIF specifically and were capable of forming heterotrimeric complexes with soluble human LIF receptor α-chain in the presence of human LIF. In addition to the soluble forms of gp130, a soluble form of LIF receptor α-chain was also detected in human urine and plasma.
Local Community Participation in Tourism Development: The Case of Katse Villages in Lesotho

One of the central elements of tourism development is to encourage local communities’ participation as it is the core to the sustainability of tourism industry. While the literature suggests a number of roles local communities could take in tourism development, little emphasis has so far been given to how local communities should participate in tourism development. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of community roles in tourism development by examining the views of the community at Katse area in Lesotho. A combination of stratified and convenience sampling approaches was used for sample selection of 500 households. The initial step involved stratified random sampling; accordingly, the population of Katse was first subdivided into four villages. Convenience sampling was then applied through the selection of each household in the four villages. The findings revealed that local communities want to be involved when tourism policies are being made to enable policymakers to prepare a policy that meets stakeholders’ needs and addresses their concerns. They also want to be part of tourism development decisions to ensure their needs are incorporated.
Entry, Exit, and Technological Progress in Markov-Perfect Duopoly

This paper establishes the existence and uniqueness of an intuitively-refined Markov-Perfect Equilibrium in a richly-specified dynamic duopoly model of entry and exit. We develop an algorithm that computes it very quickly, which makes the model useful for experiments that use many parameter configurations. Researchers can parametrize the sunk costs, technological development process, demand process, and product market competition to suit a particular policy analysis.
A comprehensive, stage-sensitive model of grief in dementia caregiving.

PURPOSE Grief is an overlooked but important element of the caregiver experience. This study defines a model of caregiver grief to aid in clinical intervention and to support further research. DESIGN AND METHODS This study addressed the grief responses of 87 spouse and adult-child caregivers of patients with progressive dementia representing mild, moderate, severe, and postdeath. Questionnaire data and qualitative findings from 16 semistructured focus group interviews provide the basis for a descriptive model of anticipatory grief in dementia caregiving. RESULTS Significant differences emerged between spouse and adult-child caregiver groups as a whole and as a function of Clinical Dementia Rating impairment level. Caregiver grief was found to fluctuate between intellectual, affective, and existential poles depending upon current care demands and expectations. IMPLICATIONS These findings suggest that anticipatory grief in dementia caregiving is "real" grief, equivalent in intensity and breadth to death-related grief.
A Framework for Co-Channel Interference and Collision Probability Tradeoff in LTE Licensed-Assisted Access Networks

Small cell deployment in heterogeneous networks, whereby small cell base stations (SBS) are deployed alongside traditional macro-cell base stations, is a proven solution for enhancing spatial frequency reuse across licensed spectrum in long-term evolution (LTE) networks. In order to mitigate the shortage of licensed spectrum resources, licensed-assisted access (LAA) has been introduced to allow LTE SBSs to share the unlicensed channel with WiFi nodes. As such, a complex yet interesting optimization problem results from the joint utilization of licensed and unlicensed spectrum resources by the SBSs to meet the quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of small cell users (SUEs). In this paper, we highlight the fundamental tradeoff induced by the SBSs between the amount of co-channel interference (CI) resulting from the reuse of licensed spectrum resources and the collision probability (CP) imposed on the co-existing WiFi nodes due to the sharing of unlicensed spectrum resources in such a coexisting LTE LAA-WiFi heterogeneous network deployment. We find that this fundamental tradeoff can be analyzed by developing a power allocation rule with double water-filling lines and the complete set of Pareto optimal solution can be achieved by the weighted Tchebycheff method. Our simulation results show that the proposed joint resource allocation algorithm can achieve a flexible and suitable tradeoff between the licensed spectrum CI and the WiFi CP according to the QoS requirements of SUEs in LTE LAA networks.
Long non‐coding RNAs in rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis, a disabling autoimmune disease, is associated with altered gene expression in circulating immune cells and synovial tissues. Accumulating evidence has suggested that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which modulate gene expression through multiple mechanisms, are important molecules involved in immune and inflammatory pathways. Importantly, many studies have reported that lncRNAs can be utilized as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognostication. Recently, dysregulation of lncRNAs in rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases has been revealed. Experimental studies also confirmed their crosstalk with matrix metalloproteinases, nuclear factor‐κB signalling and T‐cell response pertinent to autoimmunity and inflammation. Circulating lncRNAs, such as HOTAIR, differentiated patients with rheumatoid arthritis from healthy subjects. Taken together, lncRNAs are good candidates as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in rheumatoid arthritis. Further investigation on in vivo delivery of these regulatory molecules and large‐cohort validation of their clinical applicability may be useful.
The Corpus Luteum: Determinants of Progesterone Secretion in the Normal Menstrual Cycle

Fourteen normal volunteers were studied during one menstrual cycle. Follicular development, the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, and the relationship between LH and progesterone secretion in the luteal phase were studied to determine the factors that control corpus luteum function. Follicular development was assessed by measuring follicle size and daily estradiol (E2) levels; the LH surge was quantified by determining the area under the curve. Although there was a significant positive correlation between mean follicle diameter and E2, these same parameters did not correlate with postovulatory progesterone secretion; nor did the LH surge correlate with progesterone secretion. A decrease in LH pulse frequency occurred in moving from the follicular to the luteal phase. There was a trend toward an increase in the late luteal LH pulse frequency compared with the midluteal phase, but this was not significant. Progesterone was secreted in an intermittent (pulsatile) fashion in the midluteal and late luteal phases. The general decrease in progesterone in the latter days of the menstrual cycle appears to be due to a decrease in the progesterone pulse amplitude. A significant correlation between LH and progesterone was present when the data were “smoothed”; however, there was not a significant synchrony for LH and progesterone pulses for most of the subjects when the initial data were analyzed by objective criteria. Progesterone secretion in the luteal phase is quite complex and leads to highly variable serum levels of progesterone when samples are obtained at random from normal women.
Shear Strength of the Composite Bond to Etched Porcelain

The shear bond strength of composite resin to porcelain was investigated to optimize variables for bonding porcelain laminate veneers. Scanning electron microscopy was initially used to examine the surface configuration of porcelain prepared under various conditions. A factorial experiment was undertaken to determine the effects of three different bonding methods on both etched and non-etched porcelain. Composite resin was bonded to the porcelain groups using (a) unfilled resin, (b) silane, and (c) silane with dentin adhesive. The results indicated a significant difference in shear bond strength for the three bonding groups, depending on the porcelain surface condition. For the unetched samples, significant differences in bond strength were obtained for all three bonding conditions. However, for the etched group, there were no differences between the silane and silane-with-dentin-adhesive groups. Porcelain etching significantly increased bond strength across all three bonding methods and was the main contributor to the obtained values.