Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shoulder Pain After Stroke: A Prospective Population-Based Study

Background and Purpose— Shoulder pain is a well-known complication after stroke, but data on prevalence, predictors, and outcome in unselected stroke populations are limited. Methods— During a 1-year period, 416 first-ever stroke patients were included in the population-based Lund Stroke Register. After 4 months, 327 patients were followed up and 1 year later, the surviving 305 patients were followed up again. General status (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score) was registered at stroke onset. Shoulder pain intensity (visual analog scale, score 0 to 30=no–mild and 40 to 100=moderate–severe pain); arm motor function; restricted dressing and/or ambulating; and functional status (Barthel Index) were registered at both follow ups. Results— Shoulder pain onset within 4 months after stroke was reported by 71 patients (22%). Among the 61 patients able to score the visual analog scale, 79% had moderate–severe pain. One year later, 8 of these 71 patients had died, 17 had no remaining pain, and 28 additional patients had developed shoulder pain since the first follow up. Lost or impaired arm motor function and high National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score were predictors of shoulder pain. Shoulder pain restricted daily life often or constantly when dressing for 51%/31% and when ambulating for 29%/13% of the patients at 4 and 16 months, respectively. Conclusion— Almost one third of the 327 patients developed shoulder pain after stroke onset, a majority with moderate– severe pain. Shoulder pain restricts patients’ daily life after stroke. The increased risk of shoulder pain for patients with impaired arm motor function and/or low general status needs close attention in poststroke care.
Histological quality of polyps resected using the cold versus hot biopsy technique.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The monopolar hot biopsy technique is a widespread method of removing and cauterizing small colonic polyps. Due to the insulated cups of the biopsy forceps, it also allows adequate histological interpretation of the resected specimen. In our experience, polyps removed using the monopolar hot biopsy technique have been less histologically interpretable in comparison with polyps removed using cold biopsy forceps. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the diagnostic quality of polyps obtained using the hot biopsy and cold biopsy techniques. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a prospective study of consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy with removal of polyps using either hot biopsy or cold biopsy techniques. One experienced endoscopist using the same techniques carried out the biopsies. An experienced gastrointestinal pathologist, blinded to the technique used, evaluated the specimens for diameter, artifacts, cautery damage, tissue fragmentation, and general histological and diagnostic quality. Statistical analysis was carried out using the chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and Student's t-test. RESULTS Forty-three consecutive patients (84 % men; mean age 63.8 +/- 15 years) underwent 88 biopsies (45 hot biopsies and 43 cold biopsies). There were no statistically significant differences between the two study groups with regard to demographic data, indications for colonoscopy, endoscopic findings, or polyp size. Cautery damage, architectural distortion, and tissue fragmentation occurred more frequently in polyps resected using the hot biopsy technique ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The quality of the specimens removed by cold biopsy was generally better than when using hot biopsy technique. Histological evaluation is more difficult in polyps resected with the hot biopsy technique in comparison with the cold biopsy technique. When the nature of polyps affects the patient's management, a biopsy may be obtained before polyp coagulation.
Do Metaphysical Beliefs Manipulate Moral Competency? A Study in the Context of Cultural Diversities, Involving Global Population

Morality is the faculty of the human mind that enables an individual to act according to what is "right" or stand for "truth" and exhibit moral behaviour. Moral competency is the measure of the consistency of moral behaviour and is influenced by various psycho-social, geo-political, biological and environmental factors. Metaphysical beliefs and religio-spiritual affiliation are some known psycho-social factors that play a major role in shaping the morality in course of moral development and socialization of an individual. The present study attempts to explore the influence of basic metaphysical beliefs like faith in God, Afterlife, and belief in the influence of present life on afterlife; on moral competency. The present study conducted on N=415 samples from across the world and diverse cultures reveals that metaphysical beliefs influence moral competency to a significant extent.
Large scale content distribution protocols

This paper introduces large scale content distribution protocols, which are capable of scaling to massive numbers of users and providing low delay end-to-end delivery. Delivery of files and static objects is described, with real-time content streaming being outside the scope of this paper. The focus is on solutions provided by the IETF Reliable Multicast Transport Working Group. More precisely, the paper explains FLUTE, ALC and the associated building blocks. Then it discusses how these components are used in the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) for 3G systems and in the IP Datacast (IPDC) service for Digital Video Broadcast for Handheld devices (DVB-H).
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, Mechanism of Action and Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of Chalcones as Antibacterial Agents

Forty‐eight chalcone analogs were synthesized and their in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus NCIM 5021, Bacillus subtilis NCIM 2718, Phaseolus vulgaris NCIM 2813, Escherichia coli NCIM 2931, Salmonella typhi 2501 and Enterobacter aerogenes NCIM 5139 were evaluated by microdilution broth assay. Quantitative structure–activity relationships were developed for all the cases (r 2 = 0.68–0.79; = 0.58–0.78; q 2 = 0.51–0.68; F = 13.02–61.51). Size, polarizability, electron‐donating/withdrawing and hydrophilic nature of the molecule determine the activity against these Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus was the most and S. typhi was the least hydrophobic of these organisms. These chalcones act better against more hydrophobic organisms. The more active chalcones have log P between 1.5 and 3. Compound 24, one of the most active compounds, was found to act by damaging the cell wall of S. aureus. Slimicidal activity of five of the most active compounds (24, 31, 32, 34 and 37) was found to be in the range of 48–60% against S. aureus and 40–54% against E. coli. A correlation was observed among the hydrophobicity of the compounds, hydrophobicity of the bacterial cell surface and the antibacterial activity of the compound.
DNA Helicase HIM-6/BLM Both Promotes MutSγ-Dependent Crossovers and Antagonizes MutSγ-Independent Interhomolog Associations During Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis

Meiotic recombination is initiated by the programmed induction of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs), lesions that pose a potential threat to the genome. A subset of the DSBs induced during meiotic prophase become designated to be repaired by a pathway that specifically yields interhomolog crossovers (COs), which mature into chiasmata that temporarily connect the homologs to ensure their proper segregation at meiosis I. The remaining DSBs must be repaired by other mechanisms to restore genomic integrity prior to the meiotic divisions. Here we show that HIM-6, the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of the RecQ family DNA helicase BLM, functions in both of these processes. We show that him-6 mutants are competent to load the MutSγ complex at multiple potential CO sites, to generate intermediates that fulfill the requirements of monitoring mechanisms that enable meiotic progression, and to accomplish and robustly regulate CO designation. However, recombination events at a subset of CO-designated sites fail to mature into COs and chiasmata, indicating a pro-CO role for HIM-6/BLM that manifests itself late in the CO pathway. Moreover, we find that in addition to promoting COs, HIM-6 plays a role in eliminating and/or preventing the formation of persistent MutSγ-independent associations between homologous chromosomes. We propose that HIM-6/BLM enforces biased outcomes of recombination events to ensure that both (a) CO-designated recombination intermediates are reliably resolved as COs and (b) other recombination intermediates reliably mature into noncrossovers in a timely manner.
Improving Neural Network based Vibration Control for Smart Structures by Adding Repetitive Control

Neural networks (NN) has been a popular vibration control method because of its robustness and practicability to reject broad band disturbances for complex systems such as smart structures. However, the benign characteristic of NN, suppressing a wide range frequency of disturbances, may also limit its control performance at specific frequencies and inevitably cause no n-minimum output responses in particular under persistent excitatio n. To alleviate this limitation and improve the performance of NN based control methods, this paper presents a hybrid control strategy comprising a neural controller and a repetitive controller for a ctive vibration control of smart structures. The neural controller is a fund amental controller which applies back-propagation networks for performance evaluation. To add repetitive control into the existing NN control system, the work transforms a feedback controller to a feedforward control problem with the solutions of a bezout identity embedded with known internal models of injecting disturbances. The presented hybrid control provides a synergetic effect and aims for better suppression performance subject to complicated disturbances in stringent environments. Experimental results on a flexible beam demon strate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Life Time Based Analysis of MAC Protocols of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks in WSN Applications

 Abstract — Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are emerging because of the developments in wireless communication technology and miniaturization of the hardware. WSN consists of a large number of low-cost, low-power, multifunctional sensor nodes to monitor physical conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion, etc. The MAC protocol to be used in the sensor networks must be energy efficient and this should aim at conserving the energy during its operation. In this paper, with the focus of analyzing the MAC protocols used in wireless Adhoc networks to WSN, simulation experiments were conducted in Global Mobile Simulator (GloMoSim) software. Number of packets sent by regular nodes, and received by sink node in different deployment strategies, total energy spent, and the network life time have been chosen as the metric for comparison. From the results of simulation, it is evident that the IEEE 802.11 protocol performs better compared to CSMA and MACA protocols.
Support Vector Machine Optimized by Improved Genetic Algorithm

Parameters of support vector machines (SVM) which is optimized by standard genetic algorithm is easy to trap into the local minimum, in order to get the optimal parameters of support vector machine, this paper proposed a parameters optimization method for support vector machines based on improved genetic algorithm, the simulation experiment is carried out on 5 benchmark datasets. The simulation show that the proposed method not only can assure the classification precision, but also can reduce training time markedly compared with standard genetic algorithm. DOI : http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i1. 3182
Analysis of text entry performance metrics

Researchers have proposed many text entry systems to enable users to perform this frequent task as quickly and precise as possible. Unfortunately the reported data varies widely and it is difficult to extract meaningful average entry speeds and error rates from this body of work. In this article we collect data from well-designed and well-reported experiments for the most important text entry methods, including those for handheld devices. Our survey results show that thumb keyboard is the fastest text entry method after the standard QWERTY keyboard, and that Twiddler is fastest amongst non-QWERTY methods. Moreover, we survey how text entry errors were handled in these studies. Finally, we conducted a user study to detect which effect different error-handling methodologies have on text entry performance metrics. Our study results show that the way human errors are handled has indeed a significant effect on all frequently used error metrics.
A Breastfeeding Curriculum for Residents and Medical Students: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Medical school and residency training programs, in which practice patterns are established, frequently lack formal education in breastfeeding in the United States. This project, a curriculum based on the Wellstart Lactation Management Guide, was developed for resident physicians and medical students at the University of New Mexico to address the deficiency in formal education about breastfeeding. The curriculum, developed and implemented by faculty members from obstetrics/gynecology, pediatrics, and family medicine, includes formal interactive teaching sessions, discussion of breastfeeding issues on daily clinical rounds, and patient visits with lactation support personnel. Interns from the Departments of Pediatrics, Obstetrics/Gynecology, and Family Medicine participate. Surveys of participating residents and faculty demonstrate highly favorable attitudes. In conclusion, a multidisciplinary approach to breastfeeding education is feasible and well received by both teachers and residents. J Hum Lact. 21(4):458-464.
Simplified Gate Driver Circuit for High-Resolution and Narrow-Bezel Thin-Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display Applications

A novel gate driver circuit composed of four thin-film transistors (TFTs) and two capacitors is developed. Three-phase overlapping clock signals are used in multifunction input TFT and driving TFT, so the proposed circuit can have a simple structure. The electrical characteristics of a fabricated amorphous-indium-gallium-zinc-oxide TFT are measured to establish the model of HSPICE simulation. Simulated results confirm that the proposed gate driver circuit generates stable gate pulses according to the specification of a 5.46-in full high-definition panel and the single-stage layout area is 400 μm × 126 μm. These specifications are favorable for high-resolution and narrow-bezel active-matrix liquid crystal displays.
The Wiener Index and the Szeged Index of Benzenoid Systems in Linear Time

A linear time algorithm is presented which, for a given benzenoid system G, computes the Wiener index of G. The algorithm is based on an isometric embedding of G into the Cartesian product of three trees, combined with the notion of the Wiener index of vertex-weighted graphs. An analogous approach yields also a linear algorithm for computing the Szeged index of benzenoid systems.
Periodontal Disease and Tooth Loss as Risks for Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Background Periodontal disease is a chronic destructive disease which occurs in adults, young people, and children. Periodontal disease and periodontal pathogens have been associated with several systemic diseases and more recently, several studies have suggested the relationship between periodontal disease and cancer. Studies with adjustment for the effect of smoking exposure, have found significant positive associations with different cancer sites. This review has outlined recent epidemiologic researches pointing to a possible role for tooth loss and periodontal disease in carcinogenesis. Methods In this review, articles were selected from PubMed between1995 and June 2010 including human. Amongst 5,984 articles identified from the electronic search, 17 articles were selected for a full-text reading based on the inclusion and the exclusion criteria. Results Nine out of 10 case-control studies reported a significant increase in the risk of oral cancer in patients with periodontitis and one with no significant association. Among 6 studies examining esophageal cancer and periodontal disease, 5 studies found a significant association between them and one study failed to find a significant increased risk of cancer. Also amongst 5 studies which focused on upper gastrointestinal, gastric cancer, and periodontal disease, 4 studies found an increased risk of cancer while one study did not report any relationship. In lung cancer evaluations, 3 out of 4 studies showed some levels of association between lung cancer and periodontal disease but after adjustment for smoking, no relationship were found. Three cohort studies have evaluated overall cancer rates in periodontal patients; two of them found small but significant association between cancers and periodontal disease. Conclusion The results indicate that there is a possible link between cancer and severe periodontal disease after adjustment for smoking and drinking habits.
Disambiguation: a Study in Weighted Preference*

The atttolnatic coustmction of all IS A taxonomy of noun senses from a machine readable dictionary (MRD) has long been sought, but achieved with only limited success. The task requires the solution to two problems: 1) To define an algorithm to automatically identify the genres or hypemym of a noun definition, and 2) to define an algorithm for lexical disambigua-tion of the genus term. In the last ~ew years, effective methods for solving the first problem have been developed, but the problem of creating an algorithm for lexical disambiguation of the genus terms is one that has proven to be very difficult. In COL1NG 90 we described our itutial work on the automatic creation of a taxonomy of noun senses from Longman's Dictiorlary of Contemporary English (LDOCE). The algorithm for lexical disambiguation of the genus teml was accurate about 80% of the time aid made use of the semantic categories, the subject area luark-ings and the frequency of use uffonnatiou in LDOCE. In this paper we report a series of experimcuts which weight the three factors in various ways, and describe our improvements to the algorithm (to about 90% accnracy).
Prognostic effect of mean platelet volume in patients with coronary artery disease

Summary Large platelets with high haemostatic activity may lead to increased platelet aggregation. Mean platelet volume (MPV), an indicator of platelet reactivity, may emerge as a prognostic marker in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). It was the objective of this study to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess prognostic effects of MPV on cardiovascular events (CVE) in CAD patients. We searched MEDLINE and SCOPUS from inception to January 2, 2014. All studies that reported MPV and the incidence of cardiovascular events in CAD patients were included. Two reviewers independently extracted the data. A random-effects model was applied for pooling the mean difference of MPV between patients with vs without CVE. Among 30 eligible studies, eight studies reported mean difference of MPV between CVE groups, 11 studies reported MPV dichotomous into high vs low MPV groups, and 11 studies reported both. The pooled mean difference was 0.69 fL (95 %CI = 0.36, 1.01), i. e. patients with CVE had a MPV about 0.69 fL higher than non-CVE. Patients with higher MPV were about 12 % more likely to die than patients with lower MPV (RR 1.12; 95 %CI = 1.02–1.24). However, pooling these effects was based on high heterogeneity and the source of heterogeneity could not be identified. This might be explained by many differences among included studies (e. g. study population, outcomes of interest, analysate, time between blood collection and MPV analysis, etc). These findings suggest that MPV may be a useful prognostic marker in patients with CAD.
On continuity properties for option prices in exponential Levy models

For a converging sequence of exponential Levy models, we give conditions under which the associated sequence of option prices converges. We also study the behavior of the prices when no such convergence holds. We then consider two special cases: first when the martingale measure is chosen by minimization of entropy, and then when it minimizes Hellinger integrals.
Demonstration of cross-reactive antibodies to smooth gram-negative bacteria in antiserum to Escherichia coli J5.

We investigated the discrepancy between the broad cross-protection against gram-negative infections afforded by antiserum to Escherichia coli J5 and its apparently narrow cross-reactivity in vitro. Rabbits immunized with J5 bacteria produced antibodies to both the J5 lipopolysaccharide (LPS; titer by ELISA, 1:60,000) and LPS from the Re mutant of Salmonella minnesota (i.e., to the ketodeoxyoctonate [KDO] and lipid A determinants; titer, 1:3,200). In highly diluted antiserum, titers of antibody to J5 LPS were reduced by 28%-41% after adsorption with seven strains of smooth gram-negative bacteria and by only 4% after adsorption with the Re mutant. Smooth gram-negative bacteria adsorbed virtually all antibody to Re LPS. Therefore, rabbit antiserum to J5 contains type-specific antibodies to core determinants distal to KDO that can obscure highly cross-reactive antibodies to lipid A-KDO in vitro. Cross-reactive antibodies are demonstrable by adsorption with whole bacteria at limiting concentrations of antibody.
Fermion BMN operators, the dilatation operator of N=4 SYM, and pp wave string interactions

The goal of this paper is to study the BMN correspondence in the fermionic sector. On the field theory side, we compute matrix elements of the dilatation operator in = 4 Super Yang-Mills for BMN operators containing two fermion impurities. Our calculations are performed up to and including (λ') in the 't Hooft coupling and (g2) in the Yang-Mills genus counting parameter. On the string theory side, we compute the corresponding matrix elements of the interacting string hamiltonian in string field theory, using the three-string interaction vertex constructed by Spradlin and Volovich (and subsequently elaborated by Pankiewicz and Stefanski). In string theory we use the natural string basis, and in field theory the basis which is isomorphic to it. We find that the matrix elements computed in field theory and the corresponding string amplitudes derived from the three-string vertex are, in all cases, in perfect agreement.
Defense for selective attacks in the IoT with a distributed trust management scheme

In the Internet of Things (IoT) smart objects are able to provide or require specific services. The goal of this work is to identify malicious behavior of nodes performing selective attacks. In this type of attacks the nodes selectively decide what kind of service they will provide to the network, in order to save resources. We use a trust management model to detect such behavior. We perform network simulations using Contiki-OS to analyze the performance of the trust model. The simulation results show a good performance against nodes executing selective attacks.
A Lattice-Theoretical Approach to Deterministic Parallelism with Shared State

We present a new model for deterministic-by-construction parallel programming that generalizes existing singleassignment models to allow multiple assignments that are monotonically increasing with respect to a user-specified partial order. Our model achieves determinism by using a novel shared data structure with an API that allows only monotonic writes and “threshold” reads that block until a lower bound is reached. We give a proof of determinism for our model, discuss ways to express existing deterministic parallel models using it, and describe how to extend it to support a limited form of nondeterminism that admits failures but never wrong answers.