Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bahasa, Batik, and Bargaining: An Exploratory Study of the Negotiation Styles and Behaviors of Indonesian Managers

This study investigates the effects and impacts of national cultural influences upon the processes involved in international business negotiations, with particular reference to Indonesia. The importance of Indonesia as a major economy in the South East Asian region, has led to growth in international trade. This growth has increased the need for global interaction and communication and a lack of cultural understanding raises the prospect of cultural conflict, between Indonesian managers and international managers within international business negotiations. Using the findings of the GLOBE, and Hofstede studies on national culture, the case is made that the cultural orientation identified in these studies demonstrates how Indonesian managers will be expected to behave in international business negotiations. Through understanding and awareness of these Indonesian negotiation behaviors and styles, international managers can reduce the incidence of ambiguity and conflict, thus increasing the potential likelihood of negotiation success in Indonesia.
Effect of pH on structure, function, and stability of mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase VA

Mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase VA (CAVA) catalyzes the hydration of carbon dioxide to produce proton and bicarbonate which is primarily expressed in the mitochondrial matrix of liver, and involved in numerous physiological processes including lipogenesis, insulin secretion from pancreatic cells, ureagenesis, gluconeogenesis, and neuronal transmission. To understand the effect of pH on the structure, function, and stability of CAVA, we employed spectroscopic techniques such as circular dichroism, fluorescence, and absorbance measurements in wide range of pH (from pH 2.0 to pH 11.5). CAVA showed an aggregation at acidic pH range from pH 2.0 to pH 5.0. However, it remains stable and maintains its secondary structure in the pH range, pH 7.0–pH 11.5. Furthermore, this enzyme has an appreciable activity at more than pH 7.0 (7.0 < pH ≤ 11.5) with maximum activity at pH 9.0. The maximal values of kcat and kcat/Km at pH 9.0 are 3.7 × 106 s−1 and 5.5 × 107 M−1 s−1, respectively. However, this enzyme loses its activity in the acidic pH range. We further performed 20-ns molecular dynamics simulation of CAVA to see the dynamics at different pH values. An excellent agreement was observed between in silico and in vitro studies. This study provides an insight into the activity of CAVA in the pH range of subcellular environment.
[Malignant skin diseases in organ transplant patients].

© 2012 Verlag Hans Huber, Hogrefe AG, Bern DOI 10.1024/1661-8157/a000821 online-CME der PRAXIS ist gemäss Fortbildungsprogrammder Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin (SGAM) als strukturierte und nachweisbare Fortbildung anrechenbar. Die Fortbildung entspricht einem geschätzten Arbeitsaufwand von einer Stunde pro Fortbildungsbeitrag und wird somit mit 1 Credit bewertet. SGAM-Mitglieder können online-CME der PRAXIS auf dem Selbstdeklarationsprotokoll notieren.
Foreign direct investment and growth in India: a cointegration approach

The two-way link between foreign direct investment and growth for India is explored using a structural cointegration model with vector error correction mechanism. The existence of two cointegrating vectors between GDP, FDI, the unit labour cost and the share of import duty in tax revenue is found, which captures the long run relationship between FDI and GDP. A parsimonious vector error correction model (VECM) is then estimated to find the short run dynamics of FDI and growth. Our VECM model reveals three important features: (a) GDP in India is not Granger caused by FDI; the causality runs more from GDP to FDI; (b) trade liberalization policy of the Indian government had some positive short run impact on the FDI flow; and (c) FDI tends to lower the unit labour cost suggesting that FDI in India is labour displacing.
Emigrants' remittances and Dutch Disease in Cape Verde

Abstract Emigrants' remittances have increased rapidly over the past two decades. While earlier studies have focused on their microeconomic effect on incomes and poverty in recipient countries, the present study concentrates on the macroeconomic impact of remittances on the real exchange rate in Cape Verde. A main conclusion is that remittances give rise to a sort of Dutch Disease effect and thereby have an adverse effect on the competitiveness of the tradable sector. The magnitude of this effect in Cape Verde is not that large, however. The changing orientation of official aid to more growth-oriented aid, combined with a more export-oriented domestic policy, has contributed to limiting the adverse impact of emigrants' remittances on the competitiveness of the Cape Verdean economy.
Local Tourism Initiative in an Eastern Himalayan Village: Sustainable Ecotourism or Small-scale Nature Exploitation?

Abstract Many famous tourism destinations of the eastern Himalayas have become severely polluted and environmentally vulnerable due to decades of unsustainable mass tourism practices. The recent popularization of the so called 'ecotourism destinations' as alternatives to these degraded sites have raised considerable debate among academia, planners and decision makers regarding community based development and environmental conservation. In this study, the newly initiated tourism ventures of a mountainous village named Silerigaon located in this region were evaluated as a case study through participatory appraisals among tourists and local residents to comprehend whether these ventures could truly be termed as ecotourism initiatives. Results derived from the analyses of the primary data collected through these appraisals showed that although the area possessed pristine natural environment and excellent scenic beauty, lack of proper civic amenities and physical infrastructure was hindering the development of sustainable tourism. Here, tourism activities had notably contributed to the increase in annual savings of community members but these financial gains had not equally transcended to all spheres of sustainable community based development. Till now, the activities have lacked the systematic long-term planning required for sustainable ecotourism and nature conservation. Accordingly, these could not be designated as ecotourism activities in their present orientation and capacity. In this regard, several necessary corrective measures to transform these activities into proper ecotourism ones have been suggested.
Money Dynamics with Multiple Banks of Issue: Evidence from Spain 1856-1874

This paper analyzes the Spanish monetary system from 1856, when the Bank of Spain was created, to 1874, when it was awarded the monopoly of emission. This period was characterized by the emergence of an unregulated banking system, with multiple banks of issue entitled to emit bank notes. We focus on two main issues: i) the large fluctuations in the money supply during this period; and ii) the lack of a lender of last resort in the banking panic of 1866. To analyze this, we construct a new dataset on money supply aggregates. The paper also estimates the economic impact of monetary fluctuations with the help of a calibrated new Keynesian model. Our results suggest that money supply shocks had a milder effect on inflation and output than the one predicted by the theory.
Physicians' Services and the Division of Labor Across Local Markets

This paper reports empirical evidence of systematic cross-locale variation in the degree of division of labor among physicians. A theoretical model--based on an individual producer's trade-off between increasing returns and falling marginal revenue within each activity--motivates the empirical tests. At two levels of aggregation, specialization is correlated with local demand shifters for medical services. At the individual level, I find systematic differences in the range of procedures performed within a specialty class. General practitioners working fewer hours, practicing in more populated counties, or practicing in countries with more elderly produce a narrower range of procedures.
Music recommenders based on hybrid techniques and serendipity

Taste in music is of highly subjective nature, making the recommending of music tracks a challenging research task. With TRECS, our live prototype system, we present a weighted hybrid recommender approach that amalgamates three diverse recommender techniques into one comprehensive score. Moreover, our prototype system peppers the generated result list by some simple serendipity heuristic. This way, users can benefit from recommendations aligned with their current taste in music while gaining some exploratory diversification. Empirical evaluations of the live TRECS system, based on an online evaluation, assess the overall recommendation quality as well as the impact of each of the three sub-recommenders. In addition, to better understand the nature and impact of serendipity in isolation, we conducted another study with another recommender prototype of ours, named SONG STUMBLER. The latter assesses three different serendipity metrics in an online evaluation.
The Dodge‐Romig double sampling plans based on fuzzy optimization

Considers that the problem of determining the Dodge‐Romig lot tolerance per cent defective (LTPD) double sampling plan (DSP) under the fuzzy environment satisfies the consumer’s risk closely and is an extension of Chakraborty’s work. Models the problem as fuzzy mathematical programming (FMP). A linear membership function and the minimum operator are assumed in FMP. The solution of the proposed model has a smaller average total inspection (ATI) than those of the traditional Dodge‐Romig LTPD DSP and Chakraborty’s.
Reforming the Tax System in Portugal

The Portuguese tax system has developed positively in the past decade. Following the 1989 tax reform, tax bases have been broadened and statutory tax rates lowered. The overall tax burden is not high by international comparison and the tax mix relies on the more neutral consumption taxes. However, further reforms should be envisaged to make the system more neutral, efficient, and equitable. The evidence reviewed in this paper suggests that main priorities for enhancing the overall performance of the tax system should include: further improving transparency and reliability of the tax system, while giving priority to a lower frequency of tax changes; making the taxation of dependent workers more equitable and less onerous vis-a-vis the self-employed and small businesses; and promoting a higher degree of tax compliance. Moreover, the base of the corporate income tax should be broadened and its rate lowered. This can be achieved by more tax neutrality across saving instruments and . Le regime fiscal portugais a connu des evolutions positives au cours de la derniere decennie. Apres la reforme fiscale de 1989, l'assiette des impots a ete elargie et les taux legaux d'imposition ont ete reduits. Le niveau de la pression fiscale globale n’est pas eleve par rapport aux autres pays. Le systeme repose largement sur les impots sur la consommation qui presentent une plus grande neutralite. Il faudrait cependant aller plus loin si l’on veut que le systeme fiscal soit plus neutre, plus efficient et plus equitable. Pour aller dans ce sens, l'analyse presentee dans ce document suggere que les principales priorites doivent etre : ameliorer la transparence et la fiabilite veillant prioritairement a modifier moins frequemment la legislation fiscale; imposer les salaries plus equitablement et moins lourdement par rapport aux travailleurs independants et aux petites entreprises; et favoriser en priorite un respect plus rigoureux des obligations fiscales. De plus, il conviendrait .
Corporate Environmentalism and Organic Agriculture in Australia: The Case of Uncle Tobys1

Recent expansion in the organic food industry represents an increasing awareness amongst an array of actors of the implications of conventional agriculture. In particular, the organic agriculture movement has been driven by both organic producers and consumers concerned about the environmental implications of food production and the health effects associated with food consumption. The recent institutionalization of the organic movement in organic regulatory bodies and through the involvement of food companies has encapsulated other actors within this network. This paper looks specifically at Uncle Tobys, a producer of breakfast cereals, which joined this network when it decided to produce an organic breakfast cereal called “Organic Vita Brits. ” The integration of this company has expanded the range of actors participating within the organic network and altered the relationships between them. The temporary involvement of Uncle Tobys in the organic food industry has also resulted in a shift in the construction of meaning of “organic. ” The limited success, despite many efforts to appeal to green consumers, of Uncle Tobys within this network suggests that organic food remains a niche product, consumed by a minority of consumers.
The Usefulness of Human Resource Costing and Accounting

Human resource costing and accounting (HRCA) has been the subject of much model construction but there has been little research as to how these models are utilised in practical decision‐making and implementation. This issue is addressed in three studies covering different aspects of HRCA. The first study shows that decisions are influenced in an experimental situation by HRCA information in such a way that the decisions are made in accordance with the content of the information. In the second study, the stimulating and inhibiting factors of force‐field analysis are used to examine a possible implementation of the methods of HRCA. In the third study, developments some years after a number of managers have come into contact with HRCA are examined. The conclusion is that HRCA has been useful as a basis for decisions or actions concerning human resource decision‐making
The Emergence of Supermarkets with Chinese Characteristics: Challenges and Opportunities for China's Agricultural Development

The supermarket revolution is spreading faster in China than anywhere else in the world. Supermarket sales are growing by 30-40% per year, 2-3 times faster than in other developing regions. This development has been driven by factors shared by other developing countries as well as by China-specific policies. It presents opportunities for Chinese agricultural producers to diversify into activities with higher income prospects, and for procurement systems to move into dealing directly with farmers. However, supermarket managers face several unique challenges: average farm size is small and farmers are not well organised. Hence, the whole supply chain must be upgraded, and government agricultural policy and rural development programmes have an important role in this.
A Strategic Diagnostic Tool Applied to Iberian Seaports: An Evolutionary Perspective

The highly competitive and rapidly changing environment faced by businesses has greatly increased the need for strategic planning. The importance of formulating strategies to reach competitive advantages with implications in the performance is becoming increasingly evident in the seaport context. Thus, it is relevant and appropriate to apply strategic positioning tools to seaports given the role of competitive strategies in the growth and development of this industry. This research aims to analyse the strategic positioning of the leading Iberian Peninsula seaports (Portuguese and Spanish seaports) using the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix as a strategic tool in an evolutionary perspective. The portfolio analysis developed subsequently focuses on the annual data of eight seaports in a selected period of 18 years (1992–2009) and on five categories of traffic: liquid bulk (LB), dry bulk (DB), containers (CO), ro-ro (roll-on/roll-off) and conventional cargo (CC). This research allows us to compare and analyse different levels of performance and identify which of the seaports have improved their strategic positioning during the considered period. The findings reveal a better positioning of Spanish seaports in relation to total traffic and that most of the seaports in the BCG matrix had changed from the first to the third period. The seaport of Valencia is the only one that has maintained its Star Performer position in all the 18 years analysed. Furthermore, considering container traffic, the results evidence the seaports of Algeciras, Valencia and Barcelona as having attained a remarkable position of leadership.
ANALISIS USAHA PETERNAKAN BABI PADA PERUSAHAN “KASEWEAN” KAKASKASEN II KOTA TOMOHON

ABSTRACT PIG FARM ANALYSIS OF KASEWEAN COMPANY AT KAKASKASEN II OF TOMOHON MUNICIPALITY. The objective of this study were to find cost production, benefit and break even point of pig farming in Kasewean enterprise located in Tomohon city. The Results of the study showed that, Kasewean enterprise had breakeven Point on pig farming at 103 103 heads, and the income level was Rp. 178.509. 314/period of production. Value of the breakeven point could be seen through the value Margin Of Safety (MOS) of 67.62%, meaning that if the rate of production decreased by 67.63%, the pig farm is still in state of breakeven point, then the MOS value can be explained by Return Of Invesment (ROI). ROI obtained a value of 1.51. This means that the use of capital (cost of production) on a pig farm “Kasawean” in Tomohon already at efficient scale or provide the level of profit. Conclusions were (1) The average cost of production of pig farming in Kasewean company Tomohon was 1.136. 863/head/production period consisted of a fixed cost of Rp. 278.093 of a fixed cost and Rp. 858.770/heads/production period of variable cost with the value of ROI was 1.51 which means the use of capital (cost of production) of pig farm on the“Kasewean” company in Tomohon already efficient, (2) Pig farm on the “kasewean” company obtained significant profit because the everage income was Rp. 580.932/head/production period and the average monthly profit was Rp. 15.539. 943. and (3) Animal farm on “Kasewean” company has reached the value above breakeven point of 103.92 on production volume of 103 units or heads with turnover level of Rp. 178.509. 314/production period Key Words : Pig farming, benefit, cost, breakeven point
The economic impact of private equity: what we know and what we would like to know

Private equity and management buyouts have been the subject of considerable controversy. There have been recent calls for more systematic evidence on the impact of private equity and buyouts. Yet there is already an extensive body of scientific evidence stretching back over the past two decades that provides a platform for understanding the current context. This article summarises what we know about private equity from a comprehensive review of approximately 100 studies from around the world under the following headings: the returns to investors; profitability and productivity; the drivers of effects on profitability and productivity; the impact on employment and wages; growth and investment strategies; the extent to which high leverage is associated with failure; the generation of gains from asset disposals (asset stripping); the reselling of assets within short periods of time (asset flipping); and whether the effects persist after private equity firms have exited. This scientific evidence indicates that private equity and buyouts bring particularly important economic and social benefits. What we would like to know about private equity and buyouts is discussed under five broad headings: the difference between the second wave of deals and the first wave; the nature of the fund and its impact on returns; the distinction between secondary and primary buyouts; the failure rate of buyouts; and the tax implications. Implications for policy and practitioners are also discussed.
Smoking and schizophrenia in population cohorts of Swedish women and men: a prospective co-relative control study.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to clarify the causes of the smoking-schizophrenia association. METHOD Using Cox proportional hazard and co-relative control models, the authors predicted future risk for a diagnosis of schizophrenia or nonaffective psychosis from the smoking status of 1,413,849 women and 233,879 men from, respectively, the Swedish birth and conscript registries. RESULTS Smoking was assessed in women at a mean age of 27 and in men at a mean age of 18. The mean age at end of follow-up was 46 for women and 26 for men. Hazard ratios for first-onset schizophrenia were elevated both for light smoking (2.21 [95% CI=1.90-2.56] for women and 2.15 [95% CI=1.25-3.44] for men) and heavy smoking (3.45 [95% CI=2.95-4.03] for women and 3.80 [95% CI=1.19-6.60] for men). These associations did not decline when schizophrenia onsets 3-5 years after smoking assessment were censored. When age, socioeconomic status, and drug abuse were controlled for, hazard ratios declined only modestly in both samples. Women who smoked into late pregnancy had a much higher risk for schizophrenia than those who quit early. Hazard ratios predicting nonaffective psychosis in the general population, in cousins, in half siblings, and in full siblings discordant for heavy smoking were, respectively, 2.67, 2.71, 2.54, and 2.18. A model utilizing all relative pairs predicted a hazard ratio of 1.69 (95% CI=1.17-2.44) for nonaffective psychosis in the heavy-smoking member of discordant monozygotic twin pairs. CONCLUSIONS Smoking prospectively predicts risk for schizophrenia. This association does not arise from smoking onset during a schizophrenic prodrome and demonstrates a clear dose-response relationship. While little of this association is explained by epidemiological confounders, a portion arises from common familial/genetic risk factors. However, in full siblings and especially monozygotic twins discordant for smoking, risk for nonaffective psychosis is appreciably higher in the smoking member. These results can help in evaluating the plausibility of various etiological hypotheses for the smoking-schizophrenia association.
Elevated prevalence of hepatitis C infection in users of United States veterans medical centers

Several studies suggest veterans have a higher prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection than nonveterans, possibly because of military exposures. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anti–hepatitis C antibody and evaluate factors associated with infection among users of Department of Veterans Affairs medical centers. Using a two‐staged cluster sample, 1,288 of 3,863 randomly selected veterans completed a survey and underwent home‐based phlebotomy for serological testing. Administrative and clinical data were used to correct the prevalence estimate for nonparticipation. The prevalence of anti–hepatitis C antibody among serology participants was 4.0% (95% CI, 2.6%‐5.5%). The estimated prevalence in the population of Veterans Affairs medical center users was 5.4% (95% CI, 3.3%‐7.5%) after correction for sociodemographic and clinical differences between participants and nonparticipants. Significant predictors of seropositivity included demographic factors, period of military service (e.g., Vietnam era), prior diagnoses, health care use, and lifestyle factors. At least one traditional risk factor (transfusion or intravenous drug use) was reported by 30.2% of all subjects. Among those testing positive for hepatitis C antibody, 78% either had a transfusion or had used injection drugs. Adjusting for injection drug use and nonparticipation, seropositivity was associated with tattoos and incarceration. Military‐related exposures were not found to be associated with infection in the adjusted analysis. In conclusion, the prevalence of hepatitis C in these subjects exceeds the estimate from the general US population by more than 2‐fold, likely reflecting more exposure to traditional risk factors among these veterans. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:88–96.)