Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of the Relationship between Psychopathic Traits and Malingering on the Psychopathic Personality Inventory

This study employed a repeated-measures simulation design to examine (a) the specific effects of malingering on a recently developed measure of psychopathy, the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI), and (b) the broader association between psychopathic traits and dissimulation. One hundred and forty-three participants completed the PPI twice (both under standard instructions and with instructions to feign psychosis), and also completed post-test questionnaires assessing their attitudes toward engaging in malingering across several hypothetical settings. When attempting to feign psychosis, participants produced elevated scores on a validity scale designed to identify deviant responding, and use of a cross-validated cutoff score with this scale produced high sensitivity and specificity rates across the honest and malingering conditions. Furthermore, PPI scores (in the honest condition) were significantly correlated with a willingness to engage in dissimulation across various hypothetical forensic/correctional scenarios. Results are discussed in terms of the "fakability" of the PPI, as well as the relationship between psychopathic personality features and malingering more generally.
Infant Maturity at Birth Reveals Minor Differences in the Maternal Milk Metabolome in the First Month of Lactation.

BACKGROUND Human milk is the gold standard of nutrition for infants, providing both protective and essential nutrients. Although much is known about milk from mothers giving birth to term infants, less is known about milk from mothers giving birth to premature infants. In addition, little is known about the composition and diversity of small molecules in these milks and how they change over the first month of lactation. OBJECTIVE The objective was to understand how milk metabolites vary over the first month of lactation in mothers giving birth to term and preterm infants. METHODS (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics was used to characterize metabolites that were present in micromolar to molar concentrations in colostrum (day 0-5 postpartum), transition milk (day 14), and mature milk (day 28) from mothers who delivered term (n = 15) and preterm (n = 13) infants. Principal components analysis, linear mixed-effects models (LMMs), and linear models (LMs) were used to explore the relation between infant maturity and the postpartum day of collection of milk samples. RESULTS By using a standard NMR metabolite library, 69 metabolites were identified in the milks, including 15 sugars, 23 amino acids and derivatives, 11 energy-related metabolites, 10 fatty acid-associated metabolites, 3 nucleotides and derivatives, 2 vitamins, and 5 bacteria-associated metabolites. Many metabolite concentrations followed a similar progression over time in both term and preterm milks, with more biological variation in metabolite concentrations in preterm milk. However, although lacto-N-neotetraose (LMM, P = 4.0 × 10(-5)) and lysine (LM, P = 1.5 × 10(-4)) significantly decreased in concentration in term milk over time, they did not significantly change in preterm milk. CONCLUSION Overall, the metabolic profile of human milk is dynamic throughout the first month of lactation, with more variability in preterm than in term milk and subtle differences in some metabolite concentrations. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01841268.
Unsupervised learning for edge detection using Genetic Programming

In edge detection, a machine learning algorithm generally requires training images with their ground truth or designed outputs to train an edge detector. Meanwhile the computational cost is heavy for most supervised learning algorithms in the training stage when a large set of training images is used. To learn edge detectors without ground truth and reduce the computational cost, an unsupervised Genetic Programming (GP) system is proposed for low-level edge detection. A new fitness function is developed from the energy functions in active contours. The proposed GP system utilises single images to evolve GP edge detectors, and these evolved edge detectors are used to detect edges on a large set of test images. The results of the experiments show that the proposed unsupervised learning GP system can effectively evolve good edge detectors to quickly detect edges on different natural images.
Evaluating the Effect of Zingiber Officinalis on Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Receiving Cisplatin Based Regimens

Ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinalis, has long been used as herbal medicine for its antiemetic effect. For evaluating the effect of zingiber officinalis on nausea and vomiting (N and V) in patients receiving cisplatin based regimens, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over clinical trial was carried out in patients receiving cisplatin in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. The patients were randomly assigned to receive ginger capsules (rhizome of zingiber officinalis) or placebo in their first cycle of the study. All patients received standard antiemetics for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). The patients were crossed-over to receive ginger or placebo in their next cycle of chemotherapy. Among 36 eligible patients who received both cycles of treatment, there were no difference in prevalence, severity, and duration of both acute and delayed N and V. Addition of ginger to the standard antiemetic regimen has shown no advantage in reducing acute and delayed N and V in patients with cisplatin-based regimen in this study.
Relay Channel with Causal Channel State Information

In this paper, state dependent relay channel (SD- RC) with causal channel state information (CSI) is considered. Two different cases are investigated in which causal CSI is available: 1) only at the relay node, 2) at all the nodes. The second situation is specialized to cases where causal CSI is known: at both source and relay; at both destination and relay. We established the lower bounds for these situations. Our bound contains all the bounds in previous work, and it is strictly better under some cases. In our scheme, the CSI at relay is compressed by Wyner-Ziv compression and transmitted with the message information by exploiting Shannon strategy. The transmission of CSI has twofold effect. On the one hand, it may reduce the message rate to be relayed. On the other hand, the destination can use the received CSI to help decode message from both the source and relay. Note that if the channel between the relay and destination is good enough, the relay can transmit all the message information it got and use the extra capacity to transmit compressed CSI. In this situation the transmission of CSI doesn't reduce the message rate to be relayed, and our scheme is better than compress- forward (CF) relaying with Shannon strategy.
CLINAL VARIATION IN SEED TRAITS INFLUENCING LIFE CYCLE TIMING IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA

Early life‐history transitions are crucial determinants of lifetime survival and fecundity. Adaptive evolution in early life‐history traits involves a complex interplay between the developing plant and its current and future environments. We examined the plant's earliest life‐history traits, dissecting an integrated suite of pregermination processes: primary dormancy, thermal induction of secondary dormancy, and seasonal germination response. We examined genetic variation in the three processes, genetic correlations among the processes, and the scaling of germination phenology with the source populations’ climates. A spring annual life history was associated with genetic propensities toward both strong primary dormancy and heat‐induced secondary dormancy, alone or in combination. Lineages with similar proportions of winter and spring annual life history have both weak primary dormancy and weak thermal dormancy induction. A genetic bias to adopt a spring annual strategy, mediated by rapid loss of primary dormancy and high thermal dormancy induction, is associated with a climatic gradient characterized by increasing temperature in summer and rainfall in winter. This study highlights the importance of considering combinations of multiple genetically based traits along a climatic gradient as adaptive strategies differentiating annual plant life‐history strategies. Despite the genetic‐climatic cline, there is polymorphism for life‐history strategies within populations, classically interpreted as bet hedging in an unpredictable world.
Disease-specific anxiety symptomatology in Parkinson's disease

ABSTRACT Background: Symptoms of anxiety relating to Parkinson's disease (PD) occur commonly and include symptomatology associated with motor disability and complications arising from PD medication. However, there have been relatively few attempts to profile such disease-specific anxiety symptoms in PD. Consequently, anxiety in PD is underdiagnosed and undertreated. The present study characterizes PD-related anxiety symptoms to assist with the more accurate assessment and treatment of anxiety in PD. Methods: Ninety non-demented PD patients underwent a semi-structured diagnostic assessment targeting anxiety symptoms using relevant sections of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-plus). In addition, they were assessed for the presence of 30 PD-related anxiety symptoms derived from the literature, the clinical experience of an expert panel and the PD Anxiety-Motor Complications Questionnaire (PDAMCQ). The onset of anxiety in relation to the diagnosis of PD was determined. Results: Frequent (>25%) PD-specific anxiety symptoms included distress, worry, fear, agitation, embarrassment, and social withdrawal due to motor symptoms and PD medication complications, and were experienced more commonly in patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for an anxiety disorder. The onset of common anxiety disorders was observed equally before and after a diagnosis of PD. Patients in a residual group of Anxiety Not Otherwise Specified had an onset of anxiety after a diagnosis of PD. Conclusion: Careful characterization of PD-specific anxiety symptomatology provides a basis for conceptualizing anxiety and assists with the development of a new PD-specific measure to accurately assess anxiety in PD.
Russia in Transition: Perils of the Fast Track to Capitalism

enormous amount of interest in the West. Rarely are the basic institutions of a society open to the kind of fundamental change now in progress. The fact that the direction of change is from a largely alien and unfamiliar system to one that is less threatening and more similar to Western capitalist market societies has reinforced a sense on the part of many Westerners that the transition should be encouraged to proceed as rapidly as possible. Indeed, many Western economists have been advocating programs of "shock therapy" and "mass privatization" to accelerate the scuttling of commandadministrative economies in favor of free markets and capitalist enterprise. This approach was embraced by Russian President Boris Yeltsin in late 1991, after the failed coup of August 1991 that marked the beginning of the end for the old Soviet Union. During the following year it was implemented by a group of "radical economic reformers" led by First Deputy Prime Minister Yegor Gaidar, and it remains official policy as of October 1992, although it has has been encountering ncreasing public restiveness and political opposition during the course of the year. In this essay I seek to assess the nature and impact of the fast track strategy to transform Russia into a capitalist economy, and I explore the possibility of an alternative strategy for reform of the failed command-administrative system. I begin with a sketch of current conditions in Russia; I then turn to key aspects of the policies of shock therapy and privatization carried out by the Yeltsin-Gaidar government; and, finally, I con-
Alcohol Use and Related Problems Among Ethnic Minorities in the United States

Alcohol use patterns and the prevalence of alcohol-related problems vary among ethnic groups. Among the elements thought to account for these ethnic differences are social or cultural factors such as drinking norms and attitudes and, in some cases, genetic factors. Understanding ethnic differences in alcohol use patterns and the factors that influence alcohol use can help guide the development of culturally appropriate alcoholism treatment and prevention programs.
Crystallographic analyses of NADH peroxidase Cys42Ala and Cys42Ser mutants: active site structures, mechanistic implications, and an unusual environment of Arg 303.

NADH peroxidase from Enterococcus faecalis is a tetrameric flavoenzyme of 201,400 Da which employs Cys 42 as a redox-active center cycling between sulfhydryl (Cys-SH) and sulfenic acid (Cys-SOH) states along the catalytic pathway. The role of the active site cysteine 42 in NADH peroxidase has been elucidated using biochemical and crystallographic techniques. Here we describe the crystal structures of two active site cysteine mutants, Cys42Ala and Cys42Ser, which were determined to 2.0 A resolution and refined to crystallographic R values of 17.6 and 18.3%, respectively. The overall chain fold and the quaternary structure of the two mutants appear to be very similar to wild-type enzyme. Therefore, the substantially lower activity of the mutants is due to the absence of the Cys-SOH redox center. One of the oxygen atoms of the nonnative cysteine sulfonic acid in the wild-type structure is replaced by a water molecule in both mutant structures. Two other residues near the active site are His 10 and Arg 303. A detailed analysis of the environment of these residues in the mutant and wild-type peroxidase structures indicates that the imidazole ring of His 10 is uncharged. The interactions made by the guanidinium group of Arg 303 involve not only His 10 but also the carboxylate of Glu 14 and Tyr 60. Interestingly, the Nn1H function of Arg 303 is oriented perpendicular to the plane of the phenyl ring of Tyr 60 with a Nn1 to phenyl ring center distance of 3.8 A, suggesting a favorable electrostatic interaction between Arg 303 and Tyr 60. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Human T‐lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types I and II infection in sexual contacts and family members of blood donors who are seropositive for HTLV type I or II

Interviews and laboratory testing were conducted for 168 contacts referred by former blood donors identified as seropositive for antibody to human T‐lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV‐I) or type II (HTLV‐II). Thirty‐two (28%) of 114 heterosexual contacts of seropositive donors, including 12 women and 20 men, were found to be antibody positive. None of 40 offspring (except one adult man who reported sexual contact in Puerto Rico) or 14 other (nonspousal) family members were seropositive. Thirty‐one of the seropositive contacts were typeable as having either HTLV‐I (52%) or HTLV‐II (48%). Assessment of couples found that the median duration of the sexual relationship was significantly longer (p = 0.03) for those in which both partners were infected than in discordant pairs. Analysis of risk history data for 22 infected couples revealed that, in three cases, risk factors (Japanese ancestry or sexual contact with an injecting drug user) could be identified in the women, but not in their male partners. Among couples in which the male had the greater risk history, the risk factor was either a history of transfusion, birth or sexual exposure in an endemic area, or injected drug use. Counseling strategies for individuals with HTLV‐I or HTLV‐II infection should take into account the relatively high seroprevalence in their partners and should address the potential for sexual transmission in both directions.
Penetration of Daptomycin into Bone and Synovial Fluid in Joint Replacement

ABSTRACT Daptomycin exhibits clinical activity in the treatment of infections with Gram-positive organisms, including infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. However, little is known about its penetration into bone and synovial fluid. The aim of our study was to assess the penetration of daptomycin into bone and synovial fluid after a single intravenous administration. This study was conducted in 16 patients who underwent knee or hip replacement and received a single intravenous dose of 8 mg of daptomycin per kg of body weight prior to surgery. Plasma daptomycin concentrations were measured 1 h after the end of daptomycin infusion and when bone fragments were removed. Daptomycin concentrations were also measured on bone fragments and synovial fluid collected at the same time during surgery. All samples were analyzed with a diode array–high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. After a single-dose intravenous infusion, bone daptomycin concentrations were above the MIC of daptomycin for Staphylococcus aureus in all subjects, and the median bone penetration percentage was 9.0% (interquartile range [IQR], 4.4 to 11.4). These results support the use of daptomycin in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bone and joint infections.
Involvement of Substance P in Ultraviolet Irradiation‐induced Inflammation in Rat Skin

The possible involvement of substance P released from primary afferents in rat skin was investigated in cutaneous inflammation following ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Recordings from c‐fibres innervating the UV‐exposed hindpaw skin showed long‐lasting low‐frequency (0.8–1.25 Hz) spontaneous activity. Spontaneously active c‐fibres increased to constitute 35.3% of the total population 72 h after UV exposure. Immunohisto‐chemical analysis of substance P‐containing nerve fibres in hindpaw skin revealed a significant increase in substance P immunoreactivity 24 h after UV irradiation. Average length of substance P‐immunolabelled nerve fibres was about two times higher in UV‐exposed compared to control skin. UV‐induced oedema was investigated in rat ears using an ear‐swelling test. Intradermal injection of either peptide (Spantide) or non‐peptide (CP‐96,345) substance P antagonists and epicutaneous application of CP‐96,345 reduced UV‐induced oedema significantly in the late phase of sunburn (>12 h after UV exposure). The UV‐induced increase in skin blood flow was investigated in hindpaw skin up to 72 h by the laser Doppler technique. Epicutaneous application of CP‐96,345 reduced erythema significantly between 12 and 72 h after UV exposure. Thus, our findings suggest the involvement of neurogenic substance P as a proinflammatory mediator in the late phase of UV‐induced cutaneous inflammation in rats.
Herpes Zoster and Tofacitinib: Clinical Outcomes and the Risk of Concomitant Therapy

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of herpes zoster (HZ), and the risk appears to be increased in patients treated with tofacitinib. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether concomitant treatment with conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) or glucocorticoids (GCs) contributes to the increased risk of HZ in RA patients treated with tofacitinib.
Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin Inhibits Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Maturation In Vitro and Polarizes Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Towards Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Expressing Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

Background. Rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) is a polyclonal mixture of immunoglobulin (Ig) G. It is used to prevent graft rejection and also graft versus host disease after transplantation. Its effect on lymphocyte function has been widely studied. Dendritic cells are central actors of the immune system. As antigen presenting cells, they are able to initiate, stimulate, and modulate immune responses. Methods. In this study, we investigated rATG effects on in vitro differentiation and maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs). Results. rATG inhibited maturation of immature Mo-DCs and allowed the generation of dendritic cells expressing ILT-3, CD123, CCR6 but not CCR7 and producing Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase mRNA as well as interferon-α. Conclusion. rATG polarizes in vitro Mo-DCs towards tolerogenic dendritic cells.
Ethnicity and the Politics of the New Genetics: Principles and Engagement

Identifying the genetic basis of disease is not a straightforward medical procedure but implicates the broader social, cultural and political context. Ethnicity represents an important part of this context, particularly given the confused and poorly informed debate about genetic differences among supposedly different 'racial' populations. Debates about the 'new genetics', however, have not engaged fully with the issue of ethnicity and racism. This paper, by reviewing a mix of empirical and theoretical debates, explores the discursive practices that inform current thinking on genetics, ethnicity and race. The account begins by exploring some of the philosophical tensions inherent in providing genetic testing. In doing so, the paper argues that current debates about genetics are not neutral but evoke a specific set of received ideas and codes of intervention, embodying social and power relationships. The paper then broadens the discussion by exploring the general meaning of screening and counselling for the 'lay' population, before focusing on the process of providing information and identifying people as carriers. The paper concludes by suggesting that the social space in which the 'new genetics' is enacted, understood and given meaning raises generic concerns, irrespective of ethnicity. These include the potential tension between prevention and informed decision making , whereby ideas about empowering individuals to exercise choice exist alongside a more general societal concern with minimising impairment and illness. In more practical terms, individual choice is compromised by poor-quality care, inadequate information, insensitivity to an individual's worries and concerns and a more general failure to meet his or her needs. At the same time, however, the often racialised perspectives articulated through the activities of service professionals can further complicate the choices and decisions available to minority ethnic populations. The failure to recognise and respond to diversity; blaming minority ethnic populations for their health problems; and the pervasiveness of racist myths and stereotypes in service provision, serve to disadvantage minority ethnic populations. This explains why themes such as equity and access, political engagement as well as more general notions of deservingness based on the construction of citizenship and identity emerge as fundamental in making sense of the relationship between ethnicity and the politics of the 'new genetics'.
Research on the Relation between ODI and Industrial Upgrading in the United States

This paper analyzes the development characteristics in outward direct investment and the industrial structure in the United States by structuring the index of industrial upgrading,and VAR model to research the relation on outward direct investment and industrial upgrading in the United States. Comparing China with United States in GDP,we can find that level of economic development that in China at present is really close to United States in the 1990s. On this basis,the mathematical model of grey relevance degree is used to analyze the relevance degree between eight major industrial of outward direct investment in the United States and its upgrading of the industrial structure from 1990 to 2001.
Research methods in Mobile HCI: trends and opportunities

This panel addresses the past, present and future of mobile HCI research in terms of methods and focus. The panel takes its offset in a new literature survey following up from Kjeldskov and Graham's survey from Mobile HCI 2003 [6]. Based on this, and their own experiences, the panelists will outline and discuss their views on current methodological trends in mobile HCI research, and suggest and discuss what opportunities they see for responding to these trends and pushing the research field further forward.