Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of milk components involves different mammary metabolism adaptions in response to net energy and protein supplies in dairy cows.

Net energy for lactation (NEL) and metabolizable protein (MP) are the 2 main nutritional forces that drive synthesis of milk components. This study investigated mammary gland metabolism in dairy cows in response to variations in the supply of NEL and MP. Four Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design, in which each experimental period consisted of 14 d of dietary treatment. The diets provided 2 levels of NEL (low energy: 25.0 Mcal/d vs. high energy: 32.5 Mcal/d) and 2 levels of MP (low protein: 1266 g/d vs. high protein: 2254 g/d of protein digestible in the intestine) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Performance and dry matter intake (DMI) were measured during the last 5 d of each period, and the mammary net balance was measured on d 13 by collecting 6 sets of blood samples from left carotid artery and left mammary vein. Mammary plasma flow was measured according to the Fick principle for Phe and Tyr. The mammary net balance of carbon equaled the uptake of nutrients expressed as carbon minus the output of lactose, fatty acids (FA) synthesized in the mammary gland, AA of milk protein, and glycerol-3P from triglyceride on d 13. Milk, lactose, fat, and protein yields increased when NEL and MP supplies increased. However, increasing the NEL supply increased FA synthesis more than increasing the protein supply did. In addition, FA secretion increased more than lactose secretion did when the NEL supply increased. Increasing the NEL supply increased the left half-udder uptake of all major energy-yielding nutrients by increasing mammary plasma flow. However, nutrient uptake increased more than milk output did, which increased carbon dioxide output. This increase in nutrient oxidation by the mammary gland decreased the mammary efficiency of nutrients utilization when the NEL supply increased. Increasing MP supply tended to increase glucose uptake through mammary clearance and increased mammary AA uptake with no change in mammary plasma flow. In addition, the protein supply did not change the mammary uptake of acetate or β-hydroxybutyrate. The increase in milk component secretions in response to either NEL or MP supplies occurred through different metabolic adaptations (increase in mammary plasma flow vs. clearances, respectively). These results suggest that the nutrient utilization by the mammary gland is highly flexible, which helps maintaining milk and milk component yields even with limiting nutrient supplies.
Uncertainty quantification of nonlinear distributed parameter systems using generalized polynomial chaos

Abstract Many industrial and environmental processes are characterized as complex spatio-temporal systems. Such systems known as distributed parameter systems (DPSs) are usually highly complex and it is difficult to establish the relation between model inputs, model outputs and model parameters. Moreover, the solutions of physics-based models commonly differ somehow from the measurements. In this work, appropriate Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) approaches are selected and combined systematically to analyze and identify systems. However, there are two main challenges when applying the UQ approaches to nonlinear distributed parameter systems. These are: (1) how uncertainties are modeled and (2) the computational effort, as the conventional methods require numerous evaluations of the model to compute the probability density function of the response. This paper presents a framework to solve these two issues. Within the Bayesian framework, incomplete knowledge about the system is considered as uncertainty of the system. The uncertainties are represented by random variables, whose probability density function can be achieved by converting the knowledge of the parameters using the Principle of Maximum Entropy. The generalized Polynomial Chaos (gPC) expansion is employed to reduce the computational effort. The framework using gPC based on Bayesian UQ proposed in this work is capable of analyzing systems systematically and reducing the disagreement between model predictions and measurements of the real processes to fulfill user defined performance criteria. The efficiency of the framework is assessed by applying it to a benchmark model (neutron diffusion equation) and to a model of a complex rheological forming process. These applications illustrate that the framework is capable of systematically analyzing the system and optimally calibrating the model parameters.
Barriers to Implementing Safety Measures During COVID-19 Pandemic on Building Construction Projects in Nepal

The COVID-19 pandemic caused disruptions in building construction projects, with safety measures being a major concern for workers and the public. This study aims to assess the barriers to safety measures during the COVID-19 pandemic on building construction projects in Nepal. A total of 330 responses were collected from construction professionals in Nepal using a Likert scale. To ensure the data's suitability for factor analysis using Principal Component Analysis, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, Bartlett's Sphericity test, inter-component correlations, and Cronbach alpha scores for internal consistency were checked, and principal components were extracted. A 25-item safety barrier to safety measures in building construction projects during the COVID-19 pandemic was identified through an extensive review of the literature; six components were retained using Principal Component Analysis which represented the model of choice and explained 62.86 % of the data variance. The components were; inappropriate safety guidelines, psychological working pressure, inadequate hygiene monitoring and control, lack of safety awareness, improper working culture, and insufficient planning and scheduling. The internal consistency for the retained components was high; Cronbach α scores ranged from 0.72 to 0.796. “Inappropriate Safety Guidelines” was the most critical barrier to implementing safety measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in building construction projects, according to the rankings of the six identified components. It is recommended that construction professionals and regulatory bodies prioritize the development and adherence to robust safety protocols tailored to pandemic conditions. Regularly updating and reinforcing these guidelines will be crucial in safeguarding the health and well-being of workers while ensuring project continuity. Additionally, investing in thorough training and awareness programs can significantly mitigate this barrier's impact.
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibition of Mesenchymal Transdifferentiated Tumor Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

High mortality in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is due to recurrence, metastasis, and radiochemotherapy (RCT) resistance. These phenomena are related to the tumor cell subpopulation undergoing partial epithelial to mesenchymal transition (pEMT). Repeated transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta-1) treatment via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathway induces pEMT in SCC-25 HNSCC cells, and activates and stabilizes the pro-EMT transcription factor Slug. We investigated the growth inhibitory, cisplatin-sensitizing, and pro-apoptotic effects of p38 MAPK inhibition in cisplatin-resistant (SCC-25) and -sensitive (UPCI-SCC090) HNSCC cell lines, using two specific p38 MAPK inhibitors, SB202190 and ralimetinib. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay; cell cycle distribution and cell death were evaluated by flow cytometry; p38 MAPK phosphorylation, Slug protein stabilization, and p38 MAPK downstream targets were investigated by Western blot. p-p38 inhibitors achieved sustained phosphorylation of p38 MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182) and inhibition of its function, which resulted in decreased phosphorylation (Thr69/71) of the downstream target pATF2 in pEMT cells. Subsequently, the p-p38 inhibition resulted in reduced Slug protein levels. In accordance, p-p38 inhibition led to sensitization of pEMT cells to cisplatin-induced cell death; moreover, p-p38 inhibitor treatment cycles significantly decreased the viability of cisplatin-surviving cells. In conclusion, clinically relevant p38 inhibitors might be effective for RCT-resistant pEMT cells in HNSCC patients.
Battery Characterization and Dimensioning Approaches for Micro-Grid Systems

Micro-Grid (MG) systems have been extensively studied and deployed to lower the power consumption while reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. Although, the challenge with Renewable Energy Sources (RES) is their uncertain and intermittent nature, things that led the researchers to think about integrating storage devices, especially batteries, into MG systems. The main aim is to store the excess of produced energy for further usage when not enough energy is available. Nevertheless, batteries modeling and characterization is mandatory to identify their parameters and study their performance within MG systems. Moreover, in order to continuously supply electricity to the building, it is required to figure out the optimum size of energy production systems and storage devices. This paper introduces a methodology for MG modeling and performance evaluation. Its main contribution is twofold, i) battery’s parameters identification, and ii) modeling and dimensioning method for both standalone and MG systems. An instrumentation platform, composed of recent sensing and actuating equipment, for MG energy management and battery characterization is developed. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
A study of high-resolution remote sensing image landslide detection with optimized anchor boxes and edge enhancement

This paper takes landslide as a special research object. For the problems of landslide detection in remote sensing images, deep learning and playback method is adopted. On the basis of YOLOv3 network and combining with Gabor �lter, its edge detection, detection anchor frame and small object detection scale are improved and optimized. By adding edge control factor, K-means, K-means + +, k-medoid and ISODATA, four clustering algorithms to evaluate the accuracy of the detection anchor frame and add small target large-scale sampling, the YOLOv3(ISODATA) model was �nally established for landslide image detection. To severely evaluate the effectiveness of the present method, an experimental comparison is made with three target detection models: YOLOv3, R-CNN, and Fast R-CNN. The experimental results show that the accuracy of this method reached 93.14% compared with the other three methods, the recall rate was 86.14%, and the average accuracy was 94.87%, which are higher than the other three detection methods, indicating that the method has a good effect in landslide remote sensing image detection, and improves the problems existing in landslide remote sensing image detection.
The guiding value of the cinematic volume rendering technique in the preoperative diagnosis of brachial plexus schwannoma

This study aimed to explore and compare the guiding value of Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) and Cinematic Volume Rendering Technique (cVRT) in the preoperative diagnosis of brachial plexus schwannomas. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and imaging data of 45 patients diagnosed with brachial plexus schwannomas at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January 2020 and December 2022. The enhanced three-dimensional short recovery time inversion-recovery fast spin-echo imaging (3D-STIR-SPACE) sequence served as source data for the reconstruction of MIP and cVRT. Two independent observers scored the image quality and evaluated the location of the tumor and the relationship between the tumor and the brachial plexus. The image quality scores of the two reconstruction methods were compared using the nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and the consistency between the image and surgical results was assessed using the weighted kappa. Compared to MIP images, cVRT images had a better performance of overall image quality (p < 0.001), nerve and lump visualization (p < 0.001), spatial positional relationship conspicuity (p < 0.001), and diagnostic confidence (p < 0.001). Additionally, the consistency between the cVRT image results and surgical results (kappa =0.913, P<0.001) was higher than that of the MIP images (kappa =0.829, P<0.001). cVRT provides a high guiding value in the preoperative diagnosis of brachial plexus schwannomas and is an important basis for formulating surgical plans.
Pathways toward Water Sensitive Cities: An Educational Approach through Geography Learning

The 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have seventeen global goals for the sustainability of human life on planet Earth. One of these goals is to ensure access to water and sanitation for all. This article aims to formulate a grand design of Geography learning as part of social studies taught in the school. The context of the research is the east coast of Aceh Province. The research method used in this paper is a systematic literature review through books, scientific journals, and reports from several community-based water development programs. The grand design is formulated within ten years with three phases, namely (1) Acceleration; (2) Evaluation, and (3) Sustainable Education. The results of this literature review are expected to contribute to the management of water resources in the coastal area of East Aceh while at the same time increasing the implementation of the Merdeka Belajar (Independence Learning) policy at every level of education that is oriented toward local natural resources.
Computational Understanding of Visual Interestingness Beyond Semantics

Understanding visual interestingness is a challenging task addressed by researchers in various disciplines ranging from humanities and psychology to, more recently, computer vision and multimedia. The rise of infographics and the visual information overload that we are facing today have given this task a crucial importance. Automatic systems are increasingly needed to help users navigate through the growing amount of visual information available, either on the web or our personal devices, for instance by selecting relevant and interesting content. Previous studies indicate that visual interest is highly related to concepts like arousal, unusualness, or complexity, where these connections are found based on psychological theories, user studies, or computational approaches. However, the link between visual interestingness and other related concepts has been only partially explored so far, for example, by considering only a limited subset of covariates at a time. In this article, we present a comprehensive survey on visual interestingness and related concepts, aiming to bring together works based on different approaches, highlighting controversies, and identifying links that have not been fully investigated yet. Finally, we present some open questions that may be addressed in future works. Our work aims to support researchers interested in visual interestingness and related subjective or abstract concepts, providing an in-depth overlook at state-of-the-art theories in humanities and methods in computational approaches, as well as providing an extended list of datasets.
Establishing flood damage functions for agricultural crops using estimated inundation depth and flood disaster statistics in data-scarce regions

: Flood damage functions form the core of flood risk assess ment. This study proposes a method for establishing flood damage functions for agricultural crops in data-scarce regions. The method assumes that the flood damage ratio is a function of inundation depth only and utilizes inundation depth estimated from flood extent information and hydro­ dynamic simulations. The parameters of the damage functions are calibrated through the SCE­UA method (Shuffled Complex Evolution method developed at The University of Arizona) so that the calculated flood damages match obser vations compiled in flood disaster statistics. The established three functions show good agreement with actual agricultural damages caused by a rainfall event in 2010 and are validated against another rainfall event in 2009. The results indicate that the established damage functions are capable of estimating flood damage at the district scale, while damage estimations at finer spatial resolution differ between the functions, suggesting that detailed statistical data need to be incorporated to reduce the estimation uncertainty at fine scales.
Neck and Shoulder Pain with Scapular Dyskinesis in Computer Office Workers

Background and Objectives: Computer office workers spend long periods in front of a computer, and neck and shoulder pain are common. Scapular dyskinesis (SD) is associated with neck and shoulder pain. However, SD in computer office workers has not been elucidated. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of SD, neck and shoulder pain, disability, and working hours in computer office workers. Materials and Methods: In total, 109 computer office workers participated in this study. The results of a scapular dyskinesis test (SDT), lateral scapular slide test (LSST), neck disability index (NDI), shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI), visual analog scale (VAS) scores of the neck and shoulder, and working hours were recorded. Results: Ninety-eight computer office workers (89.9%) had SD. Computer office workers with SD had significantly higher NDI (p = 0.019), neck VAS (p = 0.041), and dominant shoulder VAS scores (p = 0.043). The LSST results showed a significantly greater distance (p = 0.016) in participants with SD. Conclusions: The prevalence of SD was very high in computer office workers, and neck and shoulder pain were more prevalent in workers with obvious SD.
Commentary—Incorrect Application of Data Negates Some Meta‐analysis Results in Bunt et al. (2012)

Bunt et al. (2012) used meta-analysis to evaluate how successfully pool-and-weir, Denil, vertical-slot and naturelike fishways attracted and passed anadromous and potamodromous fish during their upstream migration. To obtain data for their analysis, they examined 116 peerreviewed papers and contract reports to find those that met three specific selection criteria they identified as necessary to conduct their study. From the 116 papers, 19 monitoring studies met their criteria, and from these, they developed 101 records for meta-analysis. They concluded from the results of this meta-analysis ‘that the species of fish monitored and structural design of the fishways have strong implications for both attraction and passage performance. ’ and that ‘. existing data are not sufficient to support design recommendations. Many more fishway evaluations are needed over a range of species, fishway types and configurations to characterize, to optimize and to design new fishways’. The authors’ support these conclusions with a broad overview in the Discussion section of general fishway design considerations and implications relative to the importance of attraction flow to, and hydraulics within fishways; generally high passage efficiency of salmon through different fishway types; a need to understand swimming abilities and motivation of fish to pass into and through a fishway; and the importance of fishway slope, discharge, and siting in an effective fishway. While we think that the general tenor of these discussions covers ‘Pool and Weir’ and ‘Vertical-Slot’ fishway types, we do not think they follow from the meta-analysis conducted in the paper. We agree with the authors that structural design of fishway types correlates to passage performance, and the passage literature commonly links different fishway types to passage performance, but we think that the effectiveness of fishway types to pass fish relates most directly to the hydraulic conditions fish encounter. These can vary considerably within fishway types, as well as between fishway types. Bunt et al. (2012) also appear to recognize this because in the DISCUSSION section they allude to dissociation of fishway types and effective attraction. Nonetheless, based on their meta-analysis, they conclude that ‘available data do not clearly justify recommendations for any particular fishway type’. With the wide variability in configuration of fishways and hydraulics within them, we think this misses the mark. Recommendations for fish passage should relate to providing hydraulic conditions that fish will seek and pass. We separate our critique into two general areas and provide a discussion below about where the Bunt et al. (2012) metaanalysis errored: (i) incorrect assignment of ‘fishway attraction’ and ‘passage efficiency’ to specific passageway types of ‘pool-and-weir’, ‘vertical slot’, ‘Denil’ or ‘naturelike’ fishways; and (ii) misinterpretation and/or incorrect application of most of the data for the ‘pool and weir’ and ‘vertical slot’ categories.
On the Dependency of the Electromechanical Response of Rotary MEMS/NEMS on Their Embedded Flexure Hinges’ Geometry

This paper investigates how the electromechanical response of MEMS/NEMS devices changes when the geometrical characteristics of their embedded flexural hinges are modified. The research is dedicated particularly to MEMS/NEMS devices which are actuated by means of rotary comb-drives. The electromechanical behavior of a chosen rotary device is assessed by studying the rotation of the end effector, the motion of the comb-drive mobile fingers, the actuator’s maximum operating voltage, and the stress sustained by the flexure when the flexure’s shape, length, and width change. The results are compared with the behavior of a standard revolute joint. Outcomes demonstrate that a linear flexible beam cannot perfectly replace the revolute joint as it induces a translation that strongly facilitates the pull-in phenomenon and significantly increases the risk of ruptures of the comb-drives. On the other hand, results show how curved beams provide a motion that better resembles the revolute motion, preserving the structural integrity of the device and avoiding the pull-in phenomenon. Finally, results also show that the end effector motion approaches most precisely the revolute motion when a fine tuning of the beam’s length and width is performed.
Theoretical Prediction and Experimental Verification of the Unbalanced Magnetic Force in Air Bearing Motor Spindles

Publisher's copyright statement: Wu, Quanhui, Sun, Yazhou, Chen, Wanqun, Wang, Qing Chen, Guoda (2019). Theoretical prediction and experimental veri cation of the unbalanced magnetic force in air bearing motor spindles. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 233(12): 2330-2344. Copyright c © IMechE 2019. Reprinted by permission of SAGE Publications.
Thermomechanical Erosion Modelling of Baydaratskaya Bay, Russia with COSMOS

Rapid coastal erosion threatens Arctic coastal infrastructure, including communities and industrial installations. Erosion of permafrost depends on numerous processes, including thermal and mechanical behaviour of frozen and unfrozen soil, nearshore hydrodynamics, atmospheric forcing, and the presence of sea ice. The quantification and numerical modelling of these processes is essential to predicting Arctic coastal erosion. This paper presents a case study of Baydaratskaya Bay, Russia, using the COSMOS numerical model to predict thermal-mechanical erosion. In particular, this study focuses on thermoabrasional rather than thermodenudational processes. A field dataset of onshore thermal and mechanical soil characteristics was supplemented by sources from the literature to serve as input for the model. A detailed sensitivity analysis has been conducted to determine the influence of key parameters on coastal erosion rates at the study site. This case study highlights the need for expanded data collection on Arctic coastlines and provides direction for future investigations.