Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computation Offloading Service in UAV-Assisted Mobile Edge Computing: A Soft Actor-Critic Approach

This paper investigates a system where an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) provides computing services to multiple mobile terminals. To optimize the computation offloading services of the system, we jointly optimize mobile terminal scheduling, UAV trajectory, and task offloading ratio to minimize service delay and terminals' energy consumption under energy constraints. Considering the optimization problem with non-convexity, the high-dimensional states, and continuous action space, we propose a SAC-based computation offloading algorithm (SAC-CO) for UAV-assisted mobile edge computing (MEC). The algorithm improves its convergence by combining off-policy and maximum entropy reinforcement learning. Simulation results demonstrate that SAC-UTO outperforms the benchmark algorithm in most cases.
Simulations of Seasonal Haze Transport on Titan Using the FMS Core GCM

We have developed a new Titan General Circulation Model (GCM) using the Flexible Modeling System (FMS) dynamical core from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). The FMS core is stateof-the-art and actively maintained by GFDL; it conserves angular momentum better than other existing dynamical cores which is especially important for modeling Titan’s thick atmosphere. Furthermore, a basic aerosol microphysics package has been developed and linked to the core model. This microphysics is based on the modified version of the Community and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA) used to study haze and cloud physical processes in Titan’s atmosphere ([1], [2]). The model also uses a radiative transfer package that is based on the correlated-k twostream model of [3]).
Seismic evidence for rotating mantle flow around subducting slab edge associated with oceanic microplate capture

Tectonic plate reorganization at a subduction zone edge is a fundamental process that controls oceanic plate fragmentation and capture. However, the various factors responsible for these processes remain elusive. We characterize seismic anisotropy of the upper mantle in the Explorer region at the northern limit of the Cascadia subduction zone from teleseismic shear wave splitting measurements. Our results show that the mantle flow field beneath the Explorer slab is rotating anticlockwise from the convergence‐parallel motion between the Juan de Fuca and the North America plates, re‐aligning itself with the transcurrent motion between the Pacific and North America plates. We propose that oceanic microplate fragmentation is driven by slab stretching, thus reorganizing the mantle flow around the slab edge and further contributing to slab weakening and increase in buoyancy, eventually leading to cessation of subduction and microplate capture.
Alteration of interstellar organic materials in meteorites' parent bodies

Based on experiments that model interstellar organic materials, we found that both C and N contents and IR spectra of insoluble organic materials in carbonaceous chondrites could be reproduced well by the aqueous alteration and the subsequent thermal metamorphism. The resulting sample shows strong evidence of diamond, which indicates that this process is an unexpeccted mechanism that might produce extensive amount of diamond in meteorites' parent bodies. Because this process requires neither high pressures nor energetic processes, the present results suggest an alternate origin of diamonds in meteorites.
A Ready-To-Use Framework for Harvesting Flexibility Using State Estimation and Use-of-System Tariffs: Insights from the H2020 Platone Project

Flexibility from distributed energy resources is a key component in the transformation of modern power systems. Most frameworks, that propose solutions for utilising this flexibility, rely on infrastructure maturity that is not available to most system operators, such as smart metering systems. In this paper, we present a framework for harvesting distribution flexibility which relies solely on data and procedures that system oper-ators can obtain relatively easily, without large infrastructure upgrades. The framework utilises state estimation and implicit flexibility motivation via distribution use-of-system tariffs. A validation setup is designed to measure the efficacy of the proposed framework under realistic conditions using field data. Results show that using the suggested methodology a system operator can harvest 64 % of the available flexibility.
S-ray Approximation Tomography for PP and PS Horizon Co-Depthing

Depth imaging of multicomponent data involves additional challenges of event registration and co-depthing. Marine multicomponent data usually comes from ocean bottom cable (OBC) or ocean bottom node (OBN) acquisitions. Therefore, two data sets need to be processed: P-waves (PP) and converted waves (PS). A P-velocity model can be built with techniques similar to the conventional streamer data processing, but the S-velocity demands special treatments. We propose a method for estimating P- and S-velocities by simultaneously inverting PP and PS seismic reflection residual moveout data and matching PP and PS horizons to well markers in a TTI anisotropic medium. We present a work flow to update the Vs component of a TTI velocity model using a tomographic co-depthing of PP and PS horizons based on an S-ray approximation for PS-horizon map migration. This method is integrated to tomography and allows fitting PP and PS residual moveouts simultaneously to horizon matching. Field data shows that this strategy yields more realistic velocity models than those obtained by simple 1D velocity model updates, providing depth images of superior quality.
Modeling of the Seawater Greenhouse Systems

The Seawater Greenhouse system uses sunlight, seawater and air to provide freshwater and cooled and humid air, so that in addition to provide the water required for greenhouse, supply more sustainable environmental condition from cultivation of crops in arid coastal regions. In this system ambient air is passed through the two evaporative cooling pads, which plant growth area is placed between those pads, by fans that placed end of the building, and then returned taking humidity on the tube-and-fin condenser. In order to decrease the entrance heating load to the plants, use pipe arrays to provide shade. This paper tries to describe simulation the Seawater Greenhouse considering condition of the Bandar Abbas City in IRAN. it shows that by increasing entrance air relative humidity, the water production and floor temperature increases and the differential temperature decreases. Also with increasing seawater flow rate, the water production increases and differential temperature and floor temperature decreases. With increasing entrance air flow rate, the water production water production and floor temperature decreases and differential temperature increases. Different cycle is developed and investigate in this paper and shows that in cycle that is water exist from first evaporator is passed under the greenhouse floor, is the effective cycle and produces more water than other cycle.
The Influence of Water Column Hypoxia on the Behaviour of Manganese and Iron in Sandy Coastal Marine Sediment

The influence of bottom water hypoxia on manganese, iron and sulfur biogeochemistry was examined in sandy sediment from the shallow coastal lagoon, Faellesstrand, Denmark. The organic-poor sediment at Faellesstrand experiences occasional coverage of floating macroalgae and variable degrees of hypoxia at the sediment-water interface, resulting in dramatic changes in metal behaviour. The narrow peaks and steep gradients in Mn and Fe oxides as well as porewater Mn 2+ and Fe 2+ observed in the upper 2–3 cm of the sediment under fully oxic conditions indicate intense metal reduction-oxidation cycles. The Fe zones were generally displaced about 1 cm downwards compared with the Mn zones due to differences in reactivity. At lowered O2 conditions in the overlying water, Mn oxides gradually disappeared followed by Fe oxides. The subsequent diffusive loss of Mn 2+ and Fe 2+ to the overlying water was inversely related to the O2 concentration in the overlying water. The ability of the sediment to retain upward diffusion of H2S (sulfide retaining capacity) gradually disappeared at lowered O2 concentrations in a temporal pattern closely related to the changes in reactive Mn and Fe present. The sulfide retaining capacity is sustained for about 14 days under anoxia in Faellesstrand sediment. After 28 days of anoxia, 30–35% of the total Mn and Fe pools initially present in the sediment was lost. Despite the relatively low metal content, this organic-poor sediment may withstand hypoxic conditions in the bottom water (e.g. caused by coverage with floating macroalgae) and is thus capable of maintaining an intact benthic community for extended periods of time.
Multi-Objective Wrapper Differential Evolution with Guided Initial Population for Feature Selection

Feature selection is a frequent task in machine learning problems. Typically, many features are available, but only a subset is relevant, while others can be redundant or even destructive to classification accuracy. Therefore, removing these additional features is essential to reduce the dimensionality, improve classification accuracy and select discriminating features for the treated problem is essential. Filter feature selection methods use statistical tests to evaluate the “relevance” of features and are usually fast, while wrapper methods require a learning algorithm to evaluate a subset of features. Consequently, they are slower than filter methods. Naturally, the choice of the feature subset plays a crucial role, but testing all combinations for problems containing many features is impractical. Therefore, feature selection can be treated as an optimization problem to select the best feature subset that maximizes the learning algorithm's accuracy. Meta-heuristic algorithms have achieved great attention in solving innumerable optimization problems, including feature selection. Here we propose a new wrapper feature selection method that explores filter-based feature ranking algorithms, Differential Evolution, and multi-objective optimization. Experimental results show that the proposed method improved the base classifiers' performance with fewer selected features and outperformed the state-of-art algorithms for almost all evaluated datasets.
A Quantitative Theory of Unsecured Consumer Credit with Risk of Default

We study, theoretically and quantitatively, the equilibrium of an economy with unsecured consumer credit with the following features. Credit-suppliers take deposits at a given interest rate and offer loans to households via a menu of credit levels and associated interest rates. The loan industry is competitive, with free entry and zero costs, and borrowers have a default option that resembles, in process and consequence, a bankruptcy filing under Chapter 7 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. The theory part of the paper demonstrates the existence of a competitive equilibrium for such an economy and characterizes the circumstances under which a household defaults on its loans. We map the theory to the data in the quantitative part of the paper. We show that the model can be specified in such a way as to account precisely for the quantitative properties of the main facts regarding bankruptcy and unsecured credit (the volume of unsecured debt, the fraction of borrowers in the market, and the percentage of defaulters). We then use the model to address the implications of two policy experiments, one of which is a policy change that eliminates the Chapter 7 bankruptcy option for households with ∗Chatterjee, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia; Corbae, University of Texas; Makoto Nakajima, University of Pennsylvania; Ŕıos-Rull University of Pennsylvania, NBER, CEPR, and CAERP. We thank Santi Budria for help with the use of the 1998 SCF, Nick Souleles and Karsten Jeske for helpful conversations, and the attendants to seminars at Complutense, Pompeu Fabra, Pittsburgh, Stanford, Yale, and Zaragoza Universities and the Cleveland and Richmond Feds, Banco de Portugal, the 2000 NBER Summer Institute, the Restud Spring 2001 meeting, the 2001 Minnesota Workshop in Macro Theory, the 2001 SED, the 2002 FRS Meeting on Macro and Econometric Society Conferences. Rı́os-Rull thanks the National Science Foundation, the University of Pennsylvania Research Foundation and the Spanish Ministry of Education. The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect those of the Philadelphia Fed or of the Federal Reserve System.
IDENTIFICATION OF CHANGES IN STREAMFLOW CHARACTERISTICS 1

ABSTRACT: A set of procedures for identifying changes in selected streamflow characteristics at sites having long‐term continuous streamflow records is illustrated by using streamflow data from the Waccamaw River at Freeland, North Carolina for the 55‐year period of 1940–1994. Data were evaluated and compared to streamflow in the adjacent Lumber River Basin to determine if changes in streamflow characteristics in the Waccamaw River were localized and possibly the result of some human activity, or consistent with regional variations. Following 1963, droughts in the Waccamaw Basin seem to have been less severe than in the Lumber Basin, and the annual one‐, seven‐, and 30‐day low flows exhibited a slightly increasing trend in the Waccamaw River. Mean daily flows in the Waccamaw River at the 90 percent exceedance level (low flows) during 1985–194, a relatively dry period, were very nearly equal to flows at the same exceedance level for 1970–1979, which represents the 10‐year period between 1940 and 1994 with the highest flows. Prior to the 1980s, flows per unit drainage area in the Waccamaw Basin were generally less than those in the Lumber Basin, but after 1980, the opposite was true. The ratio of base flow to runoff in the Waccamaw River may have changed relative to that in the Lumber River in the late 1970s. There was greater variability in Waccamaw River streamflow than in Lumber River flow, and flow variability in the Waccamaw River may have increased slightly during 1985–1994.
Title of Dissertation: PATTERNS IN DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF BENTHIC MOLLUSCS ALONG A DEPTH GRADIENT IN THE

Title of Dissertation: PATTERNS IN DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF BENTHIC MOLLUSCS ALONG A DEPTH GRADIENT IN THE BAHAMAS Michael Joseph Dowgiallo, Doctor of Philosophy, 2004 Dissertation directed by: Professor Marjorie L. Reaka-Kudla Department of Biology, UMCP Species richness and abundance of benthic bivalve and gastropod molluscs was determined over a depth gradient of 5 244 m at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas by deploying replicate benthic collectors at five sites at 5 m, 14 m, 46 m, 153 m, and 244 m for six months beginning in December 1993. A total of 773 individual molluscs comprising at least 72 taxa were retrieved from the collectors. Analysis of the molluscan fauna that colonized the collectors showed overwhelmingly higher abundance and diversity at the 5 m, 14 m, and 46 m sites as compared to the deeper sites at 153 m and 244 m. Irradiance, temperature, and habitat heterogeneity all declined with depth, coincident with declines in the abundance and diversity of the molluscs. Herbivorous modes of feeding predominated (52%) and carnivorous modes of feeding were common (44%) over the range of depths studied at Lee Stocking Island, but mode of feeding did not change significantly over depth. One bivalve and one gastropod species showed a significant decline in body size with increasing depth. Analysis of data for 960 species of gastropod molluscs from the Western Atlantic Gastropod Database of the Academy of Natural Sciences (ANS) that have ranges including the Bahamas showed a positive correlation between body size of species of gastropods and their geographic ranges. There was also a positive correlation between depth range and the size of the geographic range. Nearly 80% of the species of gastropods in the ANS data set are less than 30 mm in body size, indicating that most gastropods in the Bahamas are small. A relatively high number of species of gastropods in the ANS data set that occur in the Bahamas had geographic ranges that extended into the Eastern Pacific (37%) and into the Brazilian (50%) provinces, though ranges of species tended to show highest densities centered in and near the Caribbean province. One of the more obvious faunal boundaries for the gastropods in the ANS data set was their northernmost limit, around Cape Hatteras, where colder northern water masses converge with the warmer waters of the Gulf Stream. PATTERNS IN DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF BENTHIC MOLLUSCS ALONG A DEPTH GRADIENT IN THE BAHAMAS by Michael Joseph Dowgiallo Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2004 Advisory Committee: Professor Marjorie Reaka-Kudla, Chair Dr. William Hodos Professor Victor Kennedy Dr. David Johnson Professor Kenneth Sebens Associate Professor David Secor ©Copyright by Michael Joseph Dowgiallo 2004
Systems to rate the strength of scientific evidence.

Authors' objectives Health care decisions are increasingly being made on research-based evidence, rather than on expert opinion or clinical experience alone. This report examines systematic approaches to assessing the strength of scientific evidence. Such systems allow evaluation of either individual articles or entire bodies of research on a particular subject, for use in making evidence-based health-care decisions. Identification of methods to assess health care research results is a task that Congress directed the Tel: +64 3 364 1145Research and Quality to undertake as part of the Healthcare Research and Quality Act of 1999.
Historical and Projected Climate Trends Along the Appalachian Trail, USA, and the Implications for Trail Usage

Recent climate analyses indicate that average global temperature is rising and both global drought occurrence and precipitation intensity are increasing. The nature of climate change is unique to each location, and its impact, both positive and negative, is predicted to be widespread. One area to be potentially affected includes management and use of outdoor natural resources such as the Appalachian Trail (AT), a 3500 km continuous hiking trail in the eastern United States. Observed historical (1895-2008) and projected future (to 2099) seasonal temperature and precipitation trends were examined along the AT. The AT has generally warmed since 1895, with greater warming occurring more recently. The warming has been greatest in the northern part of the AT and during winter. Precipitation trends show wide spatial variation depending upon the season, but generally precipitation has increased more in the northern than southern AT. Temperature and precipitation are projected to increase for all regions during all seasons in the future. Implications of these changes are discussed with respect to hiker experience and trail management.
Solving Optimal Transmission Switching Problem via DC Power Flow Approximation

The objective of the Optimal Transmission Switching (OTS) problem is to identify a topology of the power grid that minimizes the total energy production costs, while satisfying the operational and physical constraints of the power system. The problem is formulated as a non-convex mixed-integer nonlinear program, which poses extraordinary computational challenges. A common approach to solve the OTS problem is to replace its non-convex non-linear constraints with some linear constraints that turn the original problem into a mixed-integer linear programming, named DC OTS. Although there is plenty of work studying solution methods for the DC OTS in the literature, whether and how solutions of the DC OTS are actually useful for the original OTS problem is often overlooked. In this work, we investigate to what extent DC OTS solutions can be used as a fast heuristic to compute feasible solutions for the original OTS problem. Computational experiments on a set of PGLib benchmark instances highlighted that the optimal solution of the DC OTS is rarely feasible for the original OTS problem, which is consistent with the literature. However, we also find that easy-to-implement modifications of the solution procedure help to address this issue. Therefore, we suggest using DC OTS solutions as a complementary option to state-of-the-art heuristics to compute feasible solutions of the original OTS problem.
Enhancing COVID-19 Diagnosis from Chest X-Ray Images Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has presented formidable challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. To address this, researchers have been investigating diverse techniques to aid in the detection and diagnosis of COVID-19 cases. This research paper introduces a novel approach utilizing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for COVID-19 image classification, leveraging the remarkable success of CNNs in image recognition tasks and their potential in analyzing medical images for disease identification. The results demonstrate the CNN-based approach's impressive accuracy in classifying COVID-19 images, thereby enabling reliable disease detection. The model's robustness is thoroughly assessed using diverse datasets, encompassing images from multiple healthcare facilities and various imaging techniques. Additionally, the research explores transfer learning techniques to enhance the model's ability to generalize effectively, particularly when faced with limited training data.
Flysch Pebble Conglomerate of the Cap-des-rosiers Formation (Ordovician), Gaspe Peninsula, Quebec

ABSTRACT A bed of well sorted limestone pebble conglomerate one meter thick and over 175 m long exposed among Ordivician argillites at Cap-des-Rosiers contains from base upwards 7 zones, each with distinct depositional features: Zone 1--carbonate sandstone infilling sole marks; Zone 2--imbricated coarse-grained pebble conglomerate; Zone 3--coarse grained pebble conglomerate without preferred clast orientation; Zone 4--coarse-grained pebble conglomerate with clasts orientated parallel to the Zone 4-Zone 5 contact; Zone 5--fine-grained pebble conglomerate with clasts oriented parallel to the Zone 4-Zone 5 contact; Zone 6--fine-grained pebble conglomerate without preferred clast orientation; Zone 7--sandy fine-grained pebble conglomerate. The zonation was produced during gravel flow emplacement b the falling in of sand between pebbles, the size separation of coarse- and fine-grained conglomerate, deformation during deposition along the interface between coarse- and fine-grained conglomerate, and suspension settling of sand. from and overriding current of water.