Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observing the evolution of social network on Weibo by sampled data

Although there have been many researches on the online social networks (OSNs), observing the evolution of a real OSN is still interesting and instructive for understanding people's behavior in OSNs. In this paper, the actual evolution of the social graph of a real OSN - Weibo, is studied by sampled data. The exact timestamp of creating or removing each following relationship cannot be sampled. However, by the created time of the users' accounts, the evolution of the social network of Weibo is roughly observed. In this way, it is found that the growing pattern of the network scale shows S-shape. Some other properties of the network, such as network density, the number of connected components, the efficiency of the network, clustering coefficient, degree assortativity, and so on, are also observed. As the network grows, the density of the network keeps reducing and eventually reaches a steady state. The change of the number of connected components indicates the users' crowd behavior during the network evolution.
Improving high frequency DC-DC converter performance with monolithic half bridge GaN ICs

The rapid maturation of GaN power transistors continues to enable new capabilities in high frequency power conversion. In this paper we will evaluate one of the latest technological advancements in eGaN® FETs, monolithic integration. The benefits of monolithic integration for GaN power transistors with regards to parasitic reduction, die size optimization, and thermal performance will be discussed. Experimental results for a 12 VIN to 1 VOUT buck converter operating at a switching frequency of 1 MHz and up to 40 A of output current will be demonstrated with 30 V eGaN monolithic half bridge (HB) ICs. For an 80 V eGaN monolithic HB IC, 48 VIN to 1 VOUT and 1.8 VOUT point-of-load (POL) converters will be demonstrated at switching frequencies up to 500 kHz and output currents up to 30 A.
Lecture 1 : Open and closed loop systems , Laplace Transforms , impulse responses , pole locations

An open loop dynamical system put together for an application, while it responds to forces and initial conditions may not satisfy conditions required in that application because of several reasons: a full model is never available, there are uncertainties in the system, the response is sensitive to certain parameters and their variations, the design requirement for response may interfere with the functionality of the system, etc. General requirements on a system include: The system has to be stable, adequately damped, capable of rejecting disturbance and quick to respond, less sensitive to parametric variations. While open loop systems may fail to satisfy the above requirements, feedback systems provide a very good solution. For e.g., an open loop robot hand, modelled as a double pendulum, even with motors at every joint and elbow may not perform according to the specs because: 1) The model is inadequate (rigid body model vs flexible body model). There may be joint uncertainties. 2) Model may be adequate but system values EI, ρ are uncertain. 3) The system values are known with reasonable accuracies but day to day variations exist. When you assemble, the system behaves one way, when your friend assembles, it behaves another way. 4) Due to the above reasons system may actually be unstable. 5) Open loop systems cannot handle disturbances. 6) And the system may be uncontrollable after all the design and assembly due to the above reasons. This necessitates a method of including control system design during the system design stage, iteratively. The above issues are largely corrected by using closed loop systems. Closed loop systems can be made stable even when the open loop system is unstable, artificial electronic damping can be built into the system, closed loop systems are relatively less sensitive to disturbances, and also can be made insensitive to parametric variations. In order to achieve the requirements above, in addition to the physical system (which for us are usually mechanical systems) one needs electronic systems which can effectively modify (improve) the response. We will see soon, in the next lecture that the system poles determine the system response. This additional system effectively modifies the total pole locations of the combined physical and the electronic system. In order to achieve this, an adequate continuous corrective action is built into the system. Important response information is continuously measured and fed back for comparison
Optimal reward harvesting in complex perceptual environments

The ability to choose rapidly among multiple targets embedded in a complex perceptual environment is key to survival. Targets may differ in their reward value as well as in their low-level perceptual properties (e.g., visual saliency). Previous studies investigated separately the impact of either value or saliency on choice; thus, it is not known how the brain combines these two variables during decision making. We addressed this question with three experiments in which human subjects attempted to maximize their monetary earnings by rapidly choosing items from a brief display. Each display contained several worthless items (distractors) as well as two targets, whose value and saliency were varied systematically. We compared the behavioral data with the predictions of three computational models assuming that (i) subjects seek the most valuable item in the display, (ii) subjects seek the most easily detectable item, and (iii) subjects behave as an ideal Bayesian observer who combines both factors to maximize the expected reward within each trial. Regardless of the type of motor response used to express the choices, we find that decisions are influenced by both value and feature-contrast in a way that is consistent with the ideal Bayesian observer, even when the targets’ feature-contrast is varied unpredictably between trials. This suggests that individuals are able to harvest rewards optimally and dynamically under time pressure while seeking multiple targets embedded in perceptual clutter.
Generating functions for the number of curves on abelian surfaces

Let X be an Abelian surface and C a holomorphic curve in X representing a primitive homology class. The space of genus g curves in the class of C is g dimensional. We count the number of such curves that pass through g generic points and we also count the number of curves in the fixed linear system |C| passing through g-2 generic points. These two numbers, (defined appropriately) only depend on n and g where 2n=C^2+2-2g and not on the particular X or C (n is the number of nodes when a curve is nodal and reduced). Gottsche conjectured that certain quasi-modular forms are the generating functions for the number of curves in a fixed linear system. Our theorem proves his formulas and shows that (a different) modular form also arises in the problem of counting curves without fixing a linear system. We use techniques that were developed in our earlier paper for similar questions on K3 surfaces. The techniques include Gromov-Witten invariants for families and a degeneration to an elliptic fibration. One new feature of the Abelian surface case is the presence of non-trivial Pic^0(X). We show that for any surface S the cycle in the moduli space of stable maps defined by requiring that the image of the map lies in a fixed linear system is homologous to the cycle defined by requiring the image of the map meets b_1 generic loops in S representing the generators of the first integral homology group (mod torsion).
Intestinal lead absorption in rats: effects of circadian rhythm, food, undernourishment, and drugs which alter gastric emptying and GI motility.

In rats, the absorption of a 10 mg/kg oral lead dose was reduced by the presence of food in the intestine. In vitro intestinal lead permeability was similar using intestines from fasted or fed rats. No circadian rhythm was apparent in lead absorption or transport across everted rat intestines in vitro. The effects of feeding and circadian rhythm on lead absorption are different from the effects on calcium absorption. Pretreatment of rats with propantheline (5 mg/kg, i.p.) delayed and decreased lead absorption, whereas metoclopramide (10 mg/kg, o.p.) had no significant effect. Lead absorption in undernourished rats, which were allowed only 20-25% of their normal food intake, was similar to control, but the distribution of systemically administered lead was altered.
Report of the Fourth PANDA Symposium on “Anesthesia and Neurodevelopment in Children”

On April 12, 2014, the Pediatric Anesthesia and NeuroDevelopment Assessment (PANDA) study team held its fourth biennial scientific symposium at Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital of New York (MS-CHONY). The symposium was organized by the PANDA study team and co-sponsored by the Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital of New York-Presbyterian and the Department of Anesthesiology of Columbia University. The PANDA symposium has become a platform to review current preclinical and clinical data related to anesthetic neurotoxicity, to discuss relevant considerations in study design and approaches to future research among clinicians and researchers, and finally to engage key stakeholders in this controversial public health topic. Program attendants and speakers represented many of the most active investigators in the area of pediatric anesthetic neurotoxicity as well as stakeholders from many different backgrounds outside of anesthesia that provided their own unique perspectives, concerns, and input regarding anesthetic-related neurotoxicity in children.
About the Power to Enforce and Prevent Consensus by Manipulating Communication Rules

We explore the possibilities of enforcing and preventing consensus in continuous opinion dynamics that result from modifications in the communication rules. We refer to the model of Weisbuch and Deffuant, where n agents adjust their continuous opinions as a result of random pairwise encounters whenever their opinions differ not more than a given bound of confidence e. A high e leads to consensus, while a lower e leads to a fragmentation into several opinion clusters. We drop the random encounter assumption and ask: How small may e be such that consensus is still possible with a certain communication plan for the entire group? Mathematical analysis shows that e may be significantly smaller than in the random pairwise case. On the other hand, we ask: How large may e be such that preventing consensus is still possible? In answering this question, we prove Fortunato's simulation result that consensus cannot be prevented for e > 0.5 for large groups. Next, we consider opinion dynamics under different individual strategies and examine their power to increase the chances of consensus. One result is that balancing agents increase chances of consensus, especially if the agents are cautious in adapting their opinions. However, curious agents increase chances of consensus only if those agents are not cautious in adapting their opinions.
Relaciones de pareja y juego patológico: un estudio descriptivo a través de la Escala de Ajuste Diádico (DAS)

Pathological gambling is a psychological disturbance known to affect gravely the gambler? s family environment and, specifically, his/her spousal relationship. The article shows the result of a study relating diverse sociodemographic variables to spousal relationships assessed according to Spanier`s Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). The results demonstrate a lesser dyadic adjustment for marriages with a pathological gambler. Likewise, certain variables such as age, number of children, and marriage years seem to influence the subjet? s perception of dyadic adjustment. Lastly, the therapeutic relevance of the results will be discussed.
Chronic pain and its impact on quality of life in adolescents and their families.

OBJECTIVE To study chronic pain not caused by somatic disease in adolescents and the effect of pain on the quality of life of the adolescents and their families. METHODS One hundred twenty-eight youngsters (12-18 years) who had reported chronic pain kept a 3-week diary of their pain and completed a questionnaire on quality of life. Their mothers completed a questionnaire on the impact of their youngster's pain on the family. RESULTS The most prevalent pains were limb pain, headache, abdominal, and back pain. The pain increased during the day, with the highest frequency around dinner time and the highest intensity around bedtime. Girls reported more intense and more frequent pain than boys. The higher the intensity and frequency of the pain, the lower the self-reported quality of life of the female or male adolescent, especially regarding psychological functioning (e.g. feeling less at ease), physical status (a greater incidence of other somatic complaints), and functional status (more impediments to leisure and daily activities). Chronic pain also had a negative impact on family life. The mothers reported restrictions, particularly in social life, and problems dealing with the stress of the adolescent's pain. CONCLUSIONS Chronic pain, not caused by somatic disease, was present to a higher degree in girls; the pain increased during the day and had a negative impact on quality of life of the adolescents and the family. There is a need for future research aimed at identifying risk factors for chronic pain and pain-associated quality of life in children and adolescents.
Late appearance of acute graft-vs-host disease after suspending or tapering immunosuppressive drugs.

BACKGROUND Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) is divided into acute and chronic phases based on time and clinical and histological features. The criterion of 100 days after transplantation for separating acute GVHD from chronic GVHD has been challenged on the following points: (1) the lichenoid rash of chronic GVHD may be observed as early as day 31 and acute GVHD may persist after day 100 in some cases, and (2) specific histological features do not consistently separate acute from chronic GVHD defined as the number of days after transplantation. However, the appearance of acute cutaneous GVHD after day 100 is not well established. OBSERVATIONS Three patients developed a rash with clinical and histological features of acute GVHD between days 153 and 192 after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. In all patients, the late flare of acute GVHD occurred after tapering or suspending the immunosuppressive regimen with cyclosporine or corticosteroids, and was accompanied by stigmata of chronic GVHD in other target organs. CONCLUSIONS The rash of acute GVHD may be observed as late as 192 days after transplantation, especially after tapering or suspending the immunosuppressive drugs, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of late erythematous eruptions after transplantation.
Does Team Training Improve Team Performance? A Meta-Analysis

Objective: This research effort leveraged the science of training to guide a taxonomic integration and a series of meta-analyses to gauge the effectiveness and boundary conditions of team training interventions for enhancing team outcomes. Background: Disparate effect sizes across primary studies have made it difficult to determine the true strength of the relationships between team training techniques and team outcomes. Method: Several meta-analytic integrations were conducted to examine the relationships between team training interventions and team functioning. Specifically, we assessed the relative effectiveness of these interventions on team cognitive, affective, process, and performance outcomes. Training content, team membership stability, and team size were investigated as potential moderators of the relationship between team training and outcomes. In total, the database consisted of 93 effect sizes representing 2,650 teams. Results: The results suggested that moderate, positive relationships exist between team training interventions and each of the outcome types. The findings of moderator analyses indicated that training content, team membership stability, and team size moderate the effectiveness of these interventions. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that team training interventions are a viable approach organizations can take in order to enhance team outcomes. They are useful for improving cognitive outcomes, affective outcomes, teamwork processes, and performance outcomes. Moreover, results suggest that training content, team membership stability, and team size moderate the effectiveness of team training interventions. Application: Applications of the results from this research are numerous. Those who design and administer training can benefit from these findings in order to improve the effectiveness of their team training interventions.
Computational Consequences of a Bias toward Short Connections

A fundamental observation in the neurosciences is that the brain is a modular system in which different regions perform different tasks. Recent evidence, however, raises questions about the accuracy of this characterization with respect to neo-nates. One possible interpretation of this evidence is that certain aspects of the modular organization of the adult brain arise developmentally. To explore this hypothesis we wish to characterize the computational principles that underlie the development of modular systems. In previous work we have considered computational schemes that allow a learning system to discover the modular structure that is present in the environment (Jacobs, Jordan, & Barto, 1991). In the current paper we present a complementary approach in which the development of modularity is due to an architectural bias in the learner. In particular, we examine the computational consequences of a simple architectural bias toward short-range connections. We present simulations that show that systems that learn under the influence of such a bias have a number of desirable properties, including a tendency to decompose tasks into subtasks, to decouple the dynamics of recurrent subsystems, and to develop location-sensitive internal representations. Furthermore, the system's units develop local receptive and projective fields, and the system develops characteristics that are typically associated with topographic maps.
A programmed approach to the application of educational psychology: the teacher viewed as an inductive theorist

ion-Operational Scale (fl-D) 1. objective stated at all or the stated objectives appear so irrelevant to the problem that one would question whether the assignment was understood by the student. Failure to fill in Section I would be scored here as would cases in which the stated objective seems to have no relevance to the problem as stated. 2, Stated objective adds nothing new to the objective provided in the problem. An objective is stated which seems relevant to the assignment, but the statement is so broad and general that it fails to add anything at all to what was already stated in the problem itself. All responses which simply restate or reword the objective given in the problem would be scored in this category. 3. Stated objective does not specify behavior to be observed. An objective is stated which does clarify the abstract objective which was provided in the problem. This clarification of the ob­ jective would probably make it easier to communicate to an outsider. The objective is still very broad, however, in the sense that no attempt has been made to say what specific behaviors will be mea­ sured or observed to determine whether or not the objective has been reached. Responses which employ words that are open to many interpretations will be scored in this category. 4. Objective stated in terms of behavior which is very ambi­ guous. An objective is stated which does clarify the abstract ob­ jective which was provided in the problem. This clarification of
NF-κB Pathway in Autoinflammatory Diseases: Dysregulation of Protein Modifications by Ubiquitin Defines a New Category of Autoinflammatory Diseases

Autoinflammatory diseases are caused by defects in genes that regulate the innate immunity. Recently, the scope of autoinflammation has been broadened to include diseases that result from dysregulations in protein modifications by the highly conserved ubiquitin (Ub) peptides. Thus far these diseases consist of linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) and OTULIN deficiencies, and haploinsufficiency of A20. The LUBAC is critical for linear ubiquitination of key signaling molecules in immune response pathways, while deubiquitinase enzymes, OTULIN and TNFAIP3/A20, reverse the effects of ubiquitination by hydrolyzing linear (Met1) and Lys63 (K63) Ub moieties, respectively, from conjugated proteins. Consequently, OTULIN or A20-deficient cells have an excess of Met1 or K63 Ub chains on NEMO, RIPK1, and other target substrates, which lead to constitutive activation of the NF-kB pathway. Mutant cells produce elevated levels of many proinflammatory cytokines and respond to therapy with cytokine inhibitors. Patients with an impairment in LUBAC stability have compromised NF-kB responses in non-immune cells such as fibroblasts, while their monocytes are hyperresponsive to IL-1β. Discoveries of germline mutations in enzymes that regulate protein modifications by Ub define a new category of autoinflammatory diseases caused by upregulations in the NF-kB signaling. The primary aim of this review is to summarize the latest developments in our understanding of the etiology of autoinflammation.
HRVCam: A software for real-time feedback of heart rate and HRV

The heart rate (HR) and its variability, known as Heart Rate Variability (HRV), are indispensable measurements for cardiorespiratory monitoring, recognition and quantification of emotions, detection of abnormalities, and heart disease control. In general, the acquisition systems for HR and HRV require a contact area for sensor's installation and positioning, creating restrictions and/or obstructions on user's movements. This paper proposes a noninvasive and noncontact technique for HR and HRV acquisition using a camera. The purposed technique consists in the automatic detection of the user's face and utilization of an Independent Component Analysis (ICA) algorithm to separate the necessary signals to determine the HR and HRV. The experiments have shown more than 95% of similarity between the results of the proposed software (HRVCam) in comparison to the results of the photoplethysmography sensor (PPG).
Requirements Uncertainty in a Software Product Line

A complex system's requirements almost always remain uncertain late into its software development. In gas turbine engine control systems at Rolls-Royce, for a traditional project (non-product line) typically 50% of requirements will change between Critical Design Review and Entry into Service. Requirements uncertainty is particularly relevant when defining the scope of a Software Product Line. If the core asset team fails to recognise or accommodate requirements uncertainty, changes will manifest later in the product line. If the core asset team over-compensates by adding too much functionality or variability to account for a wide range of uncertainty, they will invest effort that may never be required. The optimal balance can be found through an application of requirements uncertainty analysis and understanding the balance between the impact of risk and mitigation effort. This paper first describes the use of the requirements uncertainty analysis technique at Rolls-Royce for traditional (non-product line) software development and then explains how this technique works in the context of a software product line.