Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Business graduates and management jobs: an employability match made in heaven?

The rapid growth in undergraduate business education over the last three decades has coincided with the growing dominance of an economic ideology of higher education (HE); that its role is principally one of contributing to national competitiveness through the development of graduate ‘employability’. In particular, undergraduate business education has been promoted as one means by which to address long‐held concerns about managerial skills shortages in the UK and employers’ criticism over the work‐readiness of graduates. There are concerns, however, about the extent to which HE is able to adequately prepare graduates for employment. Drawing on data drawn from a questionnaire survey of 1999 graduates, four years after graduation, and a programme of follow‐up qualitative interviews, this article reports on the experiences of recent business and management graduates. In particular this article explores the relationship between skills developed on undergraduate programmes and those subsequently used in employment, particularly in managerial careers.
‘I’m still scrubbing the floors’

Based on interviews with youth in Canada participating in a high school based apprenticeship programme, this article investigates the extent to which such programmes affect stated policy goals of facilitating school-work transitions and developing workplace skills. Although embedded in very different education and labour market structures, Germany’s dual system is often discussed as a successful model for youth apprenticeship programmes. A comparison between Canadian and German youth apprentices therefore provides a rare critical look at how these differences shape individual experiences in apprenticeships, but also how they affect the accomplishment of policy goals. Findings show that the study participants themselves viewed their apprenticeships as positive and meaningful experiences. Yet the Canadian apprentices had only a cursory knowledge of apprenticeship regulations and career paths, and the German apprentices were restricted in their choices by the early streaming processes in Germany’s education system. Skill development in Canada was limited by a focus on workplace-readiness skills and a lack of integration of what participants did at work and what they learned at school. Rather than gaining an understanding of their rights and responsibilities in the workplace, they were learning to accept their under-privileged place in it.
Anatomical sciences in the allopathic medical school curriculum in the United States between 1967–2001

The present article surveys the changes in the time allocated for the four disciplines in the anatomical sciences in the medical curricula of allopathic medical schools in the United States from 1967–2001. The results indicate that there was a great reduction in the laboratory portions, but not in the lecture portions of Gross Anatomy, Histology, Neuroanatomy, and Embryology. The greatest time reduction overall for the disciplines occurred between 1967–1973 (502 to 387 hr), followed by the time reduction between 1982–1995 (380 to 329 hr). Clin. Anat. 16:434–439, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Internet and the future of reporting in Europe

Pressure is being applied on companies right across Europe to distribute more corporate information, in more usable ways, with fewer time delays. The delivery of corporate information via the Internet is being seen by many companies as a way of addressing at least some of these demands. This paper introduces the subject of electronic corporate reporting and provides a detailed literature review of both academic and professional material produced on this subject so far. It also outlines a wide range of issues that need to be considered by companies, accounting regulators and standard setters in determining how this form of reporting should develop in the future. This debate is specifically set in a European context but has global applications.
Planning Nature-based Hiking Trails in a Tropical Rainforest Setting

Tropical rainforests are under threat and tourism has been identified as one industry that has some potential to add value to this important natural resource. This paper examines how nature-based hiking trails may be developed in a sustainable manner within a planning framework that recognizes the role of inputs and outputs. Consideration of inputs is restricted to visitor demand for hiking experiences and consideration of outputs is similarly restricted to measuring the satisfaction of the hiking experience, although it is acknowledged that the impact of hiking on the ecosystem is also important. A case study approach is adopted, based on an assessment in 2007 of visitor demand and satisfaction with hiking trails in Australia's World Heritage tropical rainforest.
The Economic Impact of Visitors at Major Multi-sport Events

Abstract This paper examines the economic impact of major multi-sport event on affected people. Their spending increases the economic benefit for the city and region staging the event. Therefore a theoretical differentiation of movements of persons affected by the event was done. A model was worked out to detect the regional primary economic impact through these people. This primary impact can be used in any model of economic impact analysis, such as input–output frameworks or multiplier theory. The complexities in considering the right persons and their spending are analysed and described in detail. A special focus is placed on the evaluation of opportunity costs on people that get crowded out as a result of hosting the event. Conclusions highlight the value of the right evaluation of the consumption of anyone affected by the major multi-sport event. Furthermore interesting findings on the consideration of “time switchers” and people avoiding the host city were made. Bidding for major sport events creates high levels of competitions between cities. As a result, event visitors, which are the main source of benefits, gain importance for the decision-making processes in whether to bid or not.
Isolated sequences from the linked Myf-5 and MRF4 genes drive distinct patterns of muscle-specific expression in transgenic mice.

In developing mouse embryos, MyoD family regulatory genes are expressed specifically in muscle precursors and mature myofibers. This pattern, taken together with the well-established ability of MyoD family members to convert a variety of cell types to skeletal muscle, suggests a significant role for these genes in regulating skeletal myogenesis. The possibility that expression of these genes may be causally associated with segregation of the myogenic lineage from other mesodermal derivatives, or with the subsequent maintenance of muscle phenotypes at later times, raises the issue of how MyoD family genes are themselves regulated during development. In this work, we have initiated studies to identify DNA sequences that govern Myf-5 and MRF4 (herculin, myf-6) transcription. Myf-5 is the first of the MyoD family to be expressed in the developing mouse embryo, while MRF4 is the most abundantly expressed myogenic factor in postnatal animals. In spite of their strikingly divergent patterns of expression, Myf-5 and MRF4 are tightly linked in the mouse genome; their translational start codons are only 8.5 kilobases apart. Here, the 5' flanking regions of the mouse Myf-5 and MRF4 genes were separately linked to a bacterial beta-galactosidase (lacZ) gene, and these constructs were each used to produce several lines of transgenic mice. Transgene expression was monitored by X-gal staining of whole embryos and by in situ hybridization of embryo sections. For the Myf-5/lacZ lines, the most intense transgene expression was in the visceral arches and their craniofacial muscle derivatives, beginning at day 8.75 post coitum (p.c.). This correlates with endogenous Myf-5 expression in visceral arches. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Strategic political segmentation ‐ A new approach for a new era of political marketing

This article begins by analysing developments in political segmentation over the last decade. Using an appropriate database and statistical approach, segments of the British electorate are identified. Conservative and Liberal Democrat segments are then analysed and issues affecting their likely electoral performance discussed. The Labour segments split into distinctive “old” and “new” Labour camps. As attitudes differ widely across these segments, the two most different segments are targeted for further analysis. The issues which most discriminate between these two Labour segments are highlighted and some suggestions forwarded on how policies might be positioned for these disparate segments. The article concludes by considering the stability of political segments over time. It also discusses the limits of strategic segmentation in politics and identifies further research opportunities.
Anti-Adhesion Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease—Molecular and Clinical Aspects

The number of biologicals for the therapy of immunologically mediated diseases is constantly growing. In contrast to other agents that were previously introduced in rheumatologic or dermatologic diseases and only later adopted for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), the field of IBD was ground breaking for the concept of anti-adhesion blockade. Anti-adhesion antibodies selectively target integrins controlling cell homing to the intestine, which leads to reduction of inflammatory infiltration to the gut in chronic intestinal inflammation. Currently, the anti-α4β7-antibody vedolizumab is successfully used for both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis worldwide. In this mini-review, we will summarize the fundamental basis of intestinal T cell homing and explain the molecular groundwork underlying current and potential future anti-adhesion therapies. Finally, we will comment on noteworthy clinical aspects of anti-adhesion therapy and give an outlook to the future of anti-integrin antibodies and inhibitors.
Should The Public Sector Conduct Genomics R&D?

The nature of the observed market structure and R&D competition in genomics research is used as the basis for a comparative analysis of research under a mixed oligopoly, pure oligopoly and monopoly when the timing of the innovation outcome is uncertain (as in an R&D race), the winner-take-all assumption is relaxed and the profits in later stages are a function of the R&D expenditures of prior stages. The sufficient conditions under which a mixed oligopoly performs more R&D than the pure oligopoly and monopoly markets are derived and are shown to be a function of a) that public firm's objective is strictly greater than in the winning state then in the losing state, b) profits for the winning and losing private firms in the private duopoly are equal, post innovation, and c) the objective function of the firms in the mixed duopoly are increasing in research faster than they are for firms in the other two cases. It is suggested that when these conditions are met, the public firm can play a role in increasing the level of research in genomics.
Structure-toxicity modeling of pesticides to honey bees

A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was derived for estimating the acute toxicity of pesticides on the honey bee. Chemicals were described by means of autocorrelation descriptors encoding lipophilicity (H), molar refractivity (MR) and the H-bonding acceptor ability (HBA) of the pesticides. A three-layer feedforward neural network trained by the back-propagation algorithm was used as statistical engine for deriving a powerful QSAR model. The root mean square residual (RMSR) values for the training and testing sets were 0.430 and 0.386, respectively. The practical interest of this original model was discussed.
MODELING THE MOVEMENTS OF COWBIRDS: APPLICATION TOWARDS MANAGEMENT AT THE LANDSCAPE SCALE

ABSTRACT. Brood parasitism by brown‐headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) reduces the reproductive success of two endangered bird species at Fort Hood, Texas. A successful management program has focused on trapping cowbirds at feeding locations, grassland areas almost always associated with the presence of cattle. To enhance the efficacy of this effort, we developed an individual‐based model that predicted visitation rates by cowbirds to all potential feeding locations at Fort Hood and the surrounding landscape. Utilizing GRASS‐GIS and SWARM, the model incorporated the spatial arrangement of habitats, daily movements of cattle, and daily movements of cowbirds from their breeding sites to feeding locations. We simulated four types of movements by cow‐birds as they searched for cattle: 1) random walk, 2) direct return to previous locations (i.e., memory), 3) return to previous locations with en route assessment (i.e., memory with limited perception of the current state of the system), and 4) omniscience. Straight‐line distances between breeding and feeding locations for cowbirds that used the memory‐with‐perception rule were similar to independent telemetry results, and total search distances for this movement type approached those of omniscience. Both movement distance measures were inversely related to perception distance. Maps of cowbird visits to feeding areas differed among movement rules but were not strongly affected by the density of breeding cow‐birds. Maps also identified locations where trapping efforts could reduce parasitism within specific areas known to support endangered species. While it seems plausible that cowbirds are able to remember foraging locations and to perceive their surroundings as they travel, additional studies are needed to document their cognitive abilities. By simulating movements of individual cowbirds across a dynamic landscape, model results may help to strengthen ongoing cowbird control efforts.
What Is a Summer Job Worth? The Impact of Summer Youth Employment on Academic Outcomes

This paper estimates the impact of New York City's Summer Youth Employment Program (SYEP) on school attendance and other educational outcomes in the following school year for a large sample of low‐income high school students. The program provides summer jobs and training to youth aged 14 to 21, and due to high demand allocates slots through a lottery. Analyses focusing on 36,550 students who applied in 2007 indicate that SYEP produces small increases in attendance in the following school year, with larger increases for students who may be at greater educational risk: those aged 16 and older with low baseline school attendance. For this group, SYEP also increases the likelihood of attempting and passing statewide high school math and English examinations. Findings suggest that although SYEP's explicit goals focus on workforce readiness rather than academics, the program fosters engagement and success in school.
A public sector HPT maturity model

Officials of public organizations with responsibility for embedding Human Performance Technology (HPT) can use the maturity concept as a way to plan implementation and gauge evolution so that it supports broader policy, program, or organizational goals. This article describes such a model, which can help managers decide where to concentrate their efforts and in what priority. Over time, the model may help them make better decisions in using public resources to return the greatest value to taxpayers.
Can community-based tourism contribute to development and poverty alleviation? Lessons from Nicaragua

Since the development of community-based tourism (CBT) governments, development agencies and NGOs have placed considerable emphasis on this development model. However, CBT has been strongly criticized with respect to low economic impact in terms of jobs and income, the result of small-scale interventions, its low life expectancy after external funding ends, the monopolisation of benefits by local elites, or the lack of business skills to make it operational. This article explores the viability of the CBT model to support socio-economic development and poverty alleviation via a Nicaraguan case study. The characteristics and effects of different modes of organising community tourism were examined, based on an impact assessment and lifecycle analysis of the CBT Nicaraguan Network. The results showed how traditional top-down CBT, created and fully funded by external organisations, reflected the general criticisms of the approach, while bottom-up CBT, borne as a result of a local initiative, demonstrated longer life expectancy, faster growth, and more positive impacts on the local economy. The findings suggest a shift is required in the attention of donors and policy-makers towards redistribution policies that strengthen the skills, resources, and conditions of micro, community-based and family entrepreneurship, together with a stronger orientation towards the domestic markets.
Effects of a Business Ethics Elective on Hong Kong Undergraduates’ Attitudes Toward Corporate Ethics and Social Responsibility

This study examines the effect of a business ethics course on undergraduates’ attitudes toward the importance of corporate ethics and social responsibility, as measured by the PRESOR scale. It employs a survey approach, adopting a pretest/posttest methodology in the data collection. A total of 132 undergraduate students were surveyed over a period of four semesters during 2006 and 2007. To test the effects of individual personality characteristics and examine their potential interaction with ethical education, participants’ personal values and degree of Machiavellianism were also assessed. The business ethics course resulted in significantly less support for the traditional “stockholder view” of business, providing backing for the inclusion of a stand-alone business ethics course in the business studies curriculum. In addition, among nonbusiness majors, the course resulted in significantly greater support for the “stakeholder view,” suggesting that it would be especially beneficial to open such a course to nonbusiness students.
Imaging vent fields: SLAM based navigation scheme for an AUV toward large-area seafloor imaging

This paper proposes a navigation scheme for an AUV to perform large-area imaging of seafloors, especially those of vent fields. The method is based on SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) using a profiling sonar and passive acoustic landmarks. Since real-time positioning accuracy of the method is high enough for rough photomosaicing, this method enables an efficient survey with a small overlap and is applicable to seafloors with no visual key for matching. As well as the positioning method, the navigation scheme contains horizontal and vertical path-planning methods, which adapt the vehicle's path to unprescribed landmarks and rough terrains. The method was implemented in the AUV Tri-Dog 1 and a series of sea experiments have been carried out at Tagiri vent field, Kagoshima bay in Japan since 2006. In 2007, the AUV succeeded in imaging around 3,000 m2 of the seafloor and taking micro bathymetry by light sectioning. The relative accuracy of the navigation scheme is estimated to be 0.5 to 1.0 m by comparing photomosaics between dives.
Information Asymmetries and the Provision of Finance to Small Firms

Dr M. R. Binks and G.V. Reed are with the department of economics, nottingham university, England, and C.T. Ennew with the Department of industrial economics of the same university. Ascertaining the risk associated with the provision of external finance to small firms involves the collection of considerable amounts of external fiance to small firms involves the collection of considrable amounts of inforation. The cost incurred in this process are sufficient to cause both an equity and a debt gap. Mainstream econmic therorists are divided as to whetehr the inforatmion asymmetries concerened cause an under or an over-supply of credit. This paper outlines the main elements of the eimpact of asymmetries concrened cause an under of over supply of credit.idicates the tendency of a cpaital as opposed to an incoming-generting approach to loan evaluation to emerge as a natural default process by United Kingdom banks. Although identifying the anture of asymmetries in practice is very difficult. it is important to make attempts to do so in order to guide and monitor progress in theri removal . the authors explain how a measure of demand, supply and attainment quality, with respect.The result illustrate tehrrelative experience of firms by sector, size and growth rate and reveal the possiblity tha those firms most in need of a prospectus based approach may be least well placed to receive it.
The Spanish Sharing Rule

In this paper we estimate the intrahousehold distribution of household's private expenditures between men and women (the sharing rule) in two types of Spanish households: those in which the woman works and those in which the woman does not work. The results for working women are parallel to those obtained for other countries which indicate a proportionally higher transfer from the woman to the man than from the man to the woman, such that the proportion of the woman's share decreases both with the woman? s wage and with the man's wage. However, in households where the woman does not work, we observe a slight increase in the proportion of the woman's share when the man's wage increases.
Using Experiments to Estimate the Effects of Education on Voter Turnout

The powerful relationship between education and voter turnout is arguably the most well-documented and robust finding in American survey research. Yet the causal interpretation of this relationship remains controversial, with many authors suggesting that the apparent link between education and turnout is spurious. In contrast to previous work, which has relied on observational data to assess the effect of education on voter turnout, this article analyzes two randomized experiments and one quasi-experiment in which educational attainment was altered exogenously.We track the children in these experiments over the long term, examining their voting rates as adults. In all three studies, we find that exogenously induced changes in high school graduation rates have powerful effects on voter turnout rates. These results imply that the correlation between education and turnout is indeed causal. We discuss some of the pathways by which education may transmit its influence.
Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance of Islamic Banks

This paper measures the value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC™) for corporate efficiency performance of the Islamic banking sector in Malaysia. In addition, the paper examines the relationship between IC efficiency and financial performance. The paper used secondary data which was collected from the annual reports for the years 2008, 2009 and 2010. The paper found that the overall IC efficiency (i.e., VAIC) of this study's sample is higher than that of conventional banks' of prior studies. In addition, the paper found that human capital efficiency is higher than the structural capital and capital employed efficiencies. Furthermore, the paper found that IC efficiency influences the profitability of Islamic banks. The findings provide empirical evidence that the optimal utilisation of IC and resources leads to higher bank profitability. Therefore, these findings could be useful as Islamic banks that would like to further improve their financial performance could focus on improving their IC.