Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathogen detection using short-RNA deep sequencing subtraction and assembly

Motivation: Early and accurate detection of human pathogen infection is critical for treatment and therapeutics. Here we describe pathogen identification using short RNA subtraction and assembly (SRSA), a detection method that overcomes the requirement of prior knowledge and culturing of pathogens, by using degraded small RNA and deep sequencing technology. We prove our approach's efficiency through identification of a combined viral and bacterial infection in human cells. Contact: nshomron@post.tau. ac.il
Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of an alternative natural agent for disinfection of toothbrushes

ABSTRACT Objective:The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial potency of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves in two different concentrations as a toothbrush disinfectant against three oral bacterial species.Materials and Methods: Aqueous extracts of P. guajava leaves were prepared at 20% and 30% concentrations and 0.2% chlorhexidine was used as control. The toothbrushes were equally divided into 9 groups with 10 toothbrushes per disinfectant, which were contaminated with Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecalis. Microbial culture was done after 5 min and 3 h of decontamination.Results: Group Ia and Ib showed that the presence of E. faecalis was observed in 8 (40%) of 20 toothbrushes. Group IIa and IIb showed a significant reduction in colony forming unit/toothbrush during 3 h evaluation. Group IIIa and IIIb showed nil growth during 3 h evaluation. Nil growth was observed with the control group for all three organisms. Statistically significant values were obtained for 5 min (P < 0.001) and 3 h (P < 0.001) disinfection period against L. acidophilus at two different concentrations.Conclusion: Aqueousextracts of guava leaves can be used as an alternative organic product for disinfection of toothbrushes.
DIREITO DE BRINCAR DA CRIANÇA BRASILEIRA. subsídios das políticas públicas

Analise das principais legislacoes de protecao aos direitos da crianca. Destaca aquelas relacionadas ao brincar e a oferta de educacao infantil publica e gratuita nos seis primeiros anos de vida, incluindo a Lei 11.104 que dispoe sobre obrigatoriedade de instalacao de brinquedotecas nas unidades de saude com atendimento pediatrico em regime de internacao. Ressalta que a educacao infantil estimula o desenvolvimento de habilidades especificas, tem o potencial de aumentar a capacidade de interacao social e promover a formacao de sujeitos autonomos. Aponta os notorios avancos nas orientacoes relativas a educacao infantil nos ultimos anos no Brasil, comentando que os direitos da infância estao pelo menos teoricamente protegidos nessa legislacao, porque esse pais apresenta uma das legislacoes m ais avancadas no tocante a esse aspecto. Constata, entretanto, que a grande dificuldade e fazer cumprir as leis, ou seja, passar do papel a acao. Comenta que a protecao e a efetivacao dos direitos da infância nao sao responsabilidades somente do Estado, mas da familia e de toda sociedade. Conclui que e necessario proteger os diferentes direitos da crianca para que as politicas publicas, principalmente aquelas relacionadas a educacao e ao brincar, sejam devidamente efetivadas, oportunizadas a crianca um futuro promissor.
Controlling the Master: Chromatin Dynamics at the MYC Promoter Integrate Developmental Signaling

The transcription factor and cell growth regulator MYC is potently oncogenic and estimated to contribute to most cancers. Decades of attempts to therapeutically target MYC directly have not resulted in feasible clinical applications, and efforts have moved toward indirectly targeting MYC expression, function and/or activity to treat MYC-driven cancer. A multitude of developmental and growth signaling pathways converge on the MYC promoter to modulate transcription through their downstream effectors. Critically, even small increases in MYC abundance (<2 fold) are sufficient to drive overproliferation; however, the details of how oncogenic/growth signaling networks regulate MYC at the level of transcription remain nebulous even during normal development. It is therefore essential to first decipher mechanisms of growth signal-stimulated MYC transcription using in vivo models, with intact signaling environments, to determine exactly how these networks are dysregulated in human cancer. This in turn will provide new modalities and approaches to treat MYC-driven malignancy. Drosophila genetic studies have shed much light on how complex networks signal to transcription factors and enhancers to orchestrate Drosophila MYC (dMYC) transcription, and thus growth and patterning of complex multicellular tissue and organs. This review will discuss the many pathways implicated in patterning MYC transcription during development and the molecular events at the MYC promoter that link signaling to expression. Attention will also be drawn to parallels between mammalian and fly regulation of MYC at the level of transcription.
Bronchodilator Responsiveness and Reported Respiratory Symptoms in an Adult Population

Background The relationship between patient-reported symptoms and objective measures of lung function is poorly understood. Aim To determine the association between responsiveness to bronchodilator and respiratory symptoms in random population samples. Methods 4669 people aged 40 years and older from 8 sites in Canada completed interviewer-administered respiratory questionnaires and performed spirometry before and after administration of 200 ug of inhaled salbutamol. The effect of anthropometric variables, smoking exposure and doctor-diagnosed asthma (DDA) on bronchodilator responsiveness in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and in forced vital capacity (FVC) were evaluated. Multiple logistic regression was used to test for association between quintiles of increasing changes in FEV1 and in FVC after bronchodilator and several respiratory symptoms. Results Determinants of bronchodilator change in FEV1 and FVC included age, DDA, smoking, respiratory drug use and female gender [p<0.005 to p<0.0001 ]. In subjects without doctor-diagnosed asthma or COPD, bronchodilator response in FEV1 was associated with wheezing [p for trend<0.0001], while bronchodilator response for FVC was associated with breathlessness. [p for trend <0.0001]. Conclusions Bronchodilator responsiveness in FEV1 or FVC are associated with different respiratory symptoms in the community. Both flow and volume bronchodilator responses are useful parameters which together can be predictive of both wheezing and breathlessness in the general population.
Discontent and the Expected Utility of Rebellion: The Case of Peru

Discontent theories of rebellion postulate that politicized discontent will have a strong independent effect on individuals' potential to participate in rebellious political action. Expected utility theories postulate that participation in rebellious action is motivated by expectation of reward and that discontent is relevant at most only insofar as individuals expect that collective action can be successful and that their participation is important to that end. We test these theories with data from a national sample and a sample of students at a protest-prone university in Peru, a country with significant objective conditions of discontent and a high incidence of rebellious political conflict. The results provide no evidence for the discontent models but strong support for the expected utility models. The potential for participation in rebellious political action proves to be a function primarily of discontent weighted by the expectancy of the action's success and the perceived importance of personal participation. Private social and normative rewards and costs also are relevant—but to a lesser extent—for the individual's calculation of the expected utility of participation.
A New Addiction for Teacher Candidates: Social Networks

With the transition to being a knowledge-based society, the internet usage has become an irreplaceable part of life. As socials networks have come into our lives, the internet usage has taken a different dimension. People can affiliate to social networks in order to make friends, exchange information, find partners, and to play games. The process that starts with membership then turns into an addiction. The internet addiction is along with the addiction to social networks, which is one of the today’s matters. The study used quantitative model. Facebook Addiction Scale was used to collect data and t-Test and ANOVA analyses were used to determine whether there is a difference between gender and classes according to the Facebook addiction. The findings of this study revealed that there is a significant difference between gender and classes according to the Facebook addiction. It was found that Facebook addiction levels of males were higher than those of females. Besides it was found that Facebook addiction levels of seniors were higher than those juniors, sophomores and freshmen.
Distributed rateless codes for correlated multi-source relay networks

We design rateless codes for correlated multi-source relay networks over packet erasure channels. In particular, we optimize relay combining process of distributed Luby transform (DLT) codes for a multi-source single-relay network where information data is correlated among the sources. Density evolution is used to characterize the asymptotic performance in terms of unrecovered information symbols termed as erasure rate. By exploiting the decoding graph, we derive the closed form expressions for asymptotic performance of DLT codes in a network where correlated sources transmit to a single destination via a relay. Consequently, a design framework is developed to optimize the degree distributions in terms of overhead. It is shown that the proposed DLT codes significantly outperform existing DLT coding schemes in terms of erasure and success rates. Numerical examples are provided to verify the asymptotic analysis. Numerical results also confirm the performance gain of the proposed DLT code as compared to its uncorrelated counterparts in the finite-length regime.
Jitsu: Just-In-Time Summoning of Unikernels

Network latency is a problem for all cloud services. It can be mitigated by moving computation out of remote datacenters by rapidly instantiating local services near the user. This requires an embedded cloud platform on which to deploy multiple applications securely and quickly. We present Jitsu, a new Xen toolstack that satisfies the demands of secure multitenant isolation on resource-constrained embedded ARM devices. It does this by using unikernels: lightweight, compact, single address space, memory-safe virtual machines (VMs) written in a high-level language. Using fast shared memory channels, Jitsu provides a directory service that launches unikernels in response to network traffic and masks boot latency. Our evaluation shows Jitsu to be a power-efficient and responsive platform for hosting cloud services in the edge network while preserving the strong isolation guarantees of a type-1 hypervisor.
A 45–75MHz 197–452µW oscillator with 164.6dB FoM and 2.3psrms period jitter in 65nm CMOS

This paper presents a novel oscillator architecture that uses a low frequency temperature stable clock generated by a low power RC relaxation oscillator to improve the temperature stability of a low noise ring oscillator. Fabricated in 65nm CMOS process, the prototype oscillator consumes 197 to 452µW across an output frequency range of 45-to-75MHz. At 70MHz, the measured period jitter is 2.3psrms with phase noise of −104dBc/Hz at 100kHz offset, which translates to an FoM of 164.6dB.
Masculine and feminine honor codes

Abstract We present a study on the importance of masculine and feminine honor and attitudes towards sex roles in Spain and the Netherlands. Honor is more important in Spanish than in Dutch culture. Participants were asked to rate the extent to which gender-neutral (e.g., caring for reputation) and gendered (e.g., assertiveness, modesty) honor attributes were desirable in their culture for each sex. We also measured attitudes towards sex-roles in different domains (e.g., work, marriage). The Spanish participants rated gender-neutral honor attributes as more desirable than the Dutch participants did. Both Spanish and Dutch participants rated masculine honor attributes as more desirable for men, and feminine honor attributes as more desirable for women. Participant's sex emerged as the most important predictor of attitudes towards sex roles, with males expressing more traditional attitudes than females. Taken together, the results indicate that masculine and feminine honor are expressions of pan-cultural ideals of masculinity and femininity.
Cerebral Beta Amyloid Angiopathy Is a Risk Factor for Cerebral Ischemic Infarction. A Case Control Study in Human Brain Biopsies

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is conspicuous for its association with Alzheimer disease (AD) and as a cause of lobar hemorrhages in the elderly, but its role in cerebral infarction is less clear. There is evidence that CAA may also be a risk factor for ischemic infarction in AD. To further investigate CAA as a risk factor for infarction, we studied 108 cases of recent cerebral or cerebellar infarction diagnosed in tissue samples obtained from surgical material. There were 69 males and 39 females with a mean age of 52 yr (range 1–86). The majority of biopsies were obtained from the frontal and parietal lobes. Radiological studies demonstrated a lesion confined to a vascular distribution in 12 of the 17 (71%) cases examined. Microscopic sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin revealed complete, organizing infarction in 107 cases with areas of coagulative necrosis, anoxic-ischemic neuronal injury, inflammation, macrophages, vascular proliferation, gliosis, and swollen axons. One case showed an incomplete infarct. Most cases also exhibited a minor hemorrhagic component with hemosiderin and hematoidin pigments. CAA, defined as amyloid deposition in the walls of leptomeningeal and parenchymal arteries, was found by immunohistochemical stains for beta amyloid in 14 (13%) cases of complete cerebral infarct. Cortical beta amyloid plaques were found by immunohistochemistry in 19 (17%) cases. Cerebral or cerebellar tissues containing cortex and leptomeninges obtained from 136 patients with a mean age of 52 yr (range 1–85) during surgical procedures for diagnosis of primary or metastatic neoplasms and demyelinating lesions were used as age-matched controls. In this control group, CAA was found in 5 (3.7%) and beta amyloid plaques in 19 (14%). The results indicate that CAA, but not beta amyloid plaque formation, is significantly more common in patients with ischemic cerebral infarction than in age-matched controls with non-vascular lesions (odds ratio 3.8; 95% confidence interval 1.3–10.9; p < 0.01). Our results indicate that CAA is a risk factor for ischemic cerebral infarction in the population studied.
Process variability on gain and bandwidth of a CMOS differential amplifier in 28nm technology

In this paper, we present a device oriented methodology to analyze the process parameter as well as BSIM model parameter variations for the CMOS devices that may affect the circuit performance in variable process conditions. Here the simultaneous variation of the multiple process parameters at a time is considered for obtaining the circuit performance parameters to account the impact of variability. Statistical Design of Experiments (DOE) technique is exploited to design the number of experiments to be conducted with the process factors with the device parameters and circuit performance metrics. Knowledge of process as well as device variability is necessary in the circuit design which gives an idea of undesirable circuit variations according to the change in process parameter conditions. A Look up table (LUT) approach is presented to observe the direct impact of process variability in VLSI circuits. The analysis has been successfully carried out with a CMOS differential amplifier circuit in latest 28nm analog technology. Gain and bandwidth are obtained as the circuit parameters for observing the effect of the process variability.
Study of the Size and Shape of Synapses in the Juvenile Rat Somatosensory Cortex with 3D Electron Microscopy

Abstract Changes in the size of the synaptic junction are thought to have significant functional consequences. We used focused ion beam milling and scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) to obtain stacks of serial sections from the six layers of the rat somatosensory cortex. We have segmented in 3D a large number of synapses (n = 6891) to analyze the size and shape of excitatory (asymmetric) and inhibitory (symmetric) synapses, using dedicated software. This study provided three main findings. Firstly, the mean synaptic sizes were smaller for asymmetric than for symmetric synapses in all cortical layers. In all cases, synaptic junction sizes followed a log-normal distribution. Secondly, most cortical synapses had disc-shaped postsynaptic densities (PSDs; 93%). A few were perforated (4.5%), while a smaller proportion (2.5%) showed a tortuous horseshoe-shaped perimeter. Thirdly, the curvature was larger for symmetric than for asymmetric synapses in all layers. However, there was no correlation between synaptic area and curvature.
Dynamic Hand Gesture Recognition using Hidden Markov Model by Microsoft Kinect Sensor

Hand gesture recognition is one of the leading applications of human computer interaction. With diversity of applications of hand gesture recognition, sign language interpretation is the most demanding application. In this paper, dynamic hand gesture recognition for few subset of Indian sign language recognition was considered. The use of depth camera such as Kinect sensor gave skeleton information of signer body. After detailed study of dynamic ISL vocabulary with reference to skeleton joint information, angle has identified as a feature with reference to two moving hand. Here, real time video has been captured and gesture was recognized using Hidden Markov Model (HMM). Ten state HMM model was designed and normalized angle feature of dynamic sign was being observed. Maximum likelihood probability symbol was considered as a recognized gesture. Algorithm has been tested on ISL 20 dynamic signs of total 800 training set of four persons and achieved 89.25% average accuracy. General Terms Human Computer Interaction, Pattern Recognition, Machine Learning
Raptor: integrating checkpoints and thread migration for cluster management

Software distributed shared-memory (SDSM) provides the abstraction necessary to run shared-memory applications on cost-effective parallel platforms such as clusters of workstations. However, problems such as cluster component reliability and cluster management, which are not directly related to performance, need to be addressed before SDSM solutions can be widely adopted. This paper presents Raptor, an SDSM cluster management system based on checkpoint/recovery and thread migration. Raptor checkpoints decouple the runtime system and application data from application threads, allowing efficient load balancing, resource allocation, and rollback recovery. There are two important features of the system. First, it reduces checkpoint overhead by only saving application-specific data that cannot be recreated at recovery time. Second, by integrating thread migration capability both at running and recovery, it allows the addition or removal of computing resources from a running application, while adding little or no additional burden on the SDSM application programmer.
A Quasi-Market Framework for Development Competition

This article describes a quasi-market framework to integrate the diverse perspectives on local government development competition found in the economic development literatures. Within this framework local governments seek to obtain positive externalities associated with economic growth through the provision of services and inducements to private firms in exchange for commitments of employment and investment. Efficient pursuit of economic development is impeded by market and government failures. Better understanding of how the quasi-market for economic development works promises to enhance our understanding of the relationships between economic and political demands and local development with important implications for evaluation of local growth policy and development competition.
Image Retrieval Based on Composite of Mean Shift and Assignment Model

A new image retrieval method, which is based on composite of mean shift and assignment model and referred to CMSAM, is proposed. it matches each significant cluster of target image with one of retrieval image one by one and uses assignment model to seek a optimum cluster-pairs set between the two images. Based on the optimum cluster-pairs set, a similarity measure is defined. In comparison with most widely used methods based on color histogram, experimental results show that both recall and precision with CMSAM are improved significantly, in particular it can effectively retrieve such two images that their structures are similar but their colors are not identical, however, those methods can’t achieve such an retrieval result.
The Making of an American High School: The Credentials Market and the Central High School of Philadelphia, 1838-1939

This prize-winning book analyzes the origins and development of the first public high school in Philadelphia, which became a model for secondary schools elsewhere. Using Central High School as a case study, Labaree argues that the American public high school is the product of the struggle between egalitarianism and meritocracy that is endemic to a democratic society. Winner of the History of Education Society's Outstanding Book Award and co-winner of the American Educational Research Association's Outstanding Book Award.
New Perspectives on School Students’ Part-time Work

Most British school students now work part-time but part-time working remains a contested issue, especially in relation to its impact on school performance. This article suggests that the debate needs to be widened and that much of the discussion appears to consider school students’ part-time work as if it were the only source of out-of-school activity that might compete with school work. It aims to contribute to a wider picture by examining the relationship between students’ part-time employment, their educational commitments, social life and family roles and how this varies in respect of gender, ethnicity, social class and location. The findings suggest part-time work is not in itself inimical to educational engagement or to involvement in social and other activities. The article puts forward the idea of the ‘active student’ who not only works part-time but also participates in a range of other activities.
POLICE, VICTIMS, AND CRIME PREVENTION Some Research-based Recommendations on Victim-orientated Interventions

Documents produced by various international organizations, among them the United Nations and the Council of Europe, allot a central place in victim support efforts to the provision of information on how to prevent (re) victimization. This article presents an overview of some recent experimental studies conducted within the Dutch police; on the basis of these experiments, some recommendations are formulated on how victims may be effectively encouraged to cope with their experiences using strategies based on their emotions and on the problem of avoiding victimization. These recommendations concern the issues of enhancing the persuasive impact of preventative messages, of avoiding communication side-effects (such as increased fear of crime and response generalization) and the design of training programmes aimed at stimulating victim-orientated attitudes and behaviour in police officers and victim assistance workers. The outcome of four evaluation studies, which examine the effects and side-effects of this kind of victim-orientated intervention using face-to-face re-contact procedures, are reported.