Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strings and Loops in Event Symmetric Space-Time

Open and Closed super-string field theories are constructed in an event-symmetric target space. The partition functions of Statistical and Quantum models are constructed in terms of invariants defined on Lie-algebra representations. An attractive feature of the closed string models is the elegant unification of the space-time symmetries with the gauge symmetries.
Three Distinct Directions of Intramural Activation Reveal Nonuniform Side-to-Side Electrical Coupling of Ventricular Myocytes

Background—The anisotropy of cardiac tissue is a key determinant of 3D electric propagation and the stability of activation wave fronts in the heart. The electric properties of ventricular myocardium are widely assumed to be axially anisotropic, with activation propagating most rapidly in the myofiber direction and at uniform velocity transverse to this. We present new experimental evidence that contradicts this view. Methods and Results—For the first time, high-density intramural electric mapping (325 electrodes at ≈4×4×1-mm spacing) from pig left ventricular tissue was used to reconstruct 3D paced activation surfaces projected directly onto 3D tissue structure imaged throughout the same left ventricular volume. These data from 5 hearts demonstrate that ventricular tissue is electrically orthotropic with 3 distinct propagation directions that coincide with local microstructural axes defined by the laminar arrangement of ventricular myocytes. The maximum conduction velocity of 0.67±0.019 ms−1 was aligned with the myofiber axis. However, transverse to this, the maximum conduction velocity was 0.30±0.010 ms−1, parallel to the myocyte layers and 0.17±0.004 ms−1 normal to them. These orthotropic conduction velocities give rise to preferential activation pathways across the left ventricular free wall that are not captured by structurally detailed computer models, which incorporate axially anisotropic electric properties. Conclusions—Our findings suggest that current views on uniform side-to-side electric coupling in the heart need to be revised. In particular, nonuniform laminar myocardial architecture and associated electric orthotropy should be included in future models of initiation and maintenance of ventricular arrhythmia.
Dose-Response Effect of Isometric Force Production on the Perception of Pain

Isometric contractions can influence the way that we perceive pain, but conclusions on the dose-response effect of force amplitude on pain perception are limited because previous studies have not held the duration of force contractions constant while varying force amplitude. To address this issue we designed an experiment that allowed us to accurately guide the amplitude of an isometric pinch grip force contraction on a trial-by-trial basis, while a thermal pain eliciting stimulus was simultaneously delivered for the same duration to the non-contracting hand. Our results show that an increase in the amplitude of force produced by one hand corresponded with a decrease in pain perception in the opposite hand. Our observations provide novel evidence that the centralized inhibitory response that underlies analgesia is sensitive to and enhanced by stronger isometric contractions.
Onset of the Spiral Mode of Vortex

The three-dimensional nature of vortex breakdown , while widely recognized, has seldom been included in the analytical investigations and, until recently, the numerical simulations of this phenomenon. The principle asymmetric eeects are examined by considering the impact that a weak perturbation has on an axisymmetric vortex. It is demonstrated that large axisymmetric strain rates are required for a non-axisymmetric perturbation to grow. Simulations bear out this fact by showing signiicant asymmetric behavior only after a critical swirl is exceeded which leads to breakdown in an axisymmetric ow. This result supports previous investigations which predict breakdown for an axisymmetric ow, despite their inability to fully capture the complexity of the breakdown topology. Furthermore, this nding indicates that vortex breakdown may be a predominantly axisymmetric occurrence which is complicated by three-dimensional eeects.
Delayed Dynamics toward Applications

We propose two dynamical models with delay taking advantage of their complex dynamics for information processing tasks. The first model incorporates coupled delayed dynamics of multiple bits, which is shown to have desirable properties as an encryption scheme. The second model is a single binary element with delayed stochastic transition, which presents a resonance behavior between noise and delay. 1
WIRELESS MICROSENSOR NETWORKS

Wireless sensor networks are potentially one of the most important technologies of this century. Advances in hardware development have made available the prospect of low cost, low power, miniature devices for use in remote sensing applications. The combination of these factors has improved the viability of utilizing a sensor network consisting of a large number of intelligent sensors, enabling the collection, processing analysis and dissemination of valuable information gathered in a variety of environments. Typical sensing tasks for such a device could be temperature, light, vibration, sound, radiation, etc. All these components together in a single device form a so-called sensor node. The current state of art about sensor networks is discussed in this article with solutions under their related protocol stack. This paper also points out the open research issues under each layer
Lipoprotein-like particles and cholesteryl esters in human Bruch's membrane: initial characterization.

PURPOSE To isolate and characterize cholesteryl ester-containing, lipoprotein-like particles (LLPs) from normal aged human Bruch's membrane (BrM)/choroid (Ch). METHODS From BrM/Ch of 20 eyes of 10 donors aged >60 years, LLPs were released by high-salt buffer, fractionated by density gradient ultracentrifugation, and characterized by determining cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid concentration (by enzymatic colorimetry and fluorometry); cholesteryl ester composition (by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, ESI/MS); and particle morphology (by negative stain electron microscopy). Apolipoprotein (apo) gene expression was determined with RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence of retinal-choroidal cryosections. In paraformaldehyde-preserved eyes (20 eyes of 20 donors), cholesteryl ester composition of BrM/Ch, cornea, and sclera was determined by ESI/MS. RESULTS A pooled fraction of LLP released from BrM/Ch (concentrated total LLP, density [d] < 1.24 g/mL fraction) was fractionated into two peaks. A large Peak 1 (with plasma LDL-HDL density range), containing predominantly phospholipid and unesterified cholesterol, was morphologically heterogeneous. A small Peak 2 (with plasma VLDL density range), enriched with esterified cholesterol, contained approximately 100 nm diameter round electron-lucent particles. Both peaks contained apoB and apoA-I, RPE and retina contained apoA-I mRNA transcripts, and BrM and drusen contained apoA-I immunoreactivity. Peaks 1 and 2, native RPE, and fresh BrM/Ch were cholesteryl linoleate enriched and contained little cholesteryl docosahexaenoate. Preserved BrM/Ch was cholesteryl oleate-enriched, unlike sclera and cornea. CONCLUSIONS BrM/Ch LLP do not resemble plasma lipoproteins in density profile, cholesterol distribution, or morphology. Peak 2 contains EC-rich LLP resembling BrM particles in situ. BrM/Ch cholesteryl esters respond to long-term storage differently than esters of plasma lipoprotein origin accumulated in other ocular tissues. Evidence of intraocular apoB and apoA-I expression supports an emerging hypothesis that the RPE assembles and secretes a large, possibly novel, lipoprotein particle.
Reflections on assessment of the preterm infant

Early detection of neurobehavioral abnormalities in the preterm infant provides a window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention at a time of great cortical plasticity. Three different types of assessment are evaluated: (1) The Neurobehavioral Assessment of the Preterm Infant (NAPI) which is a measure of relative maturity in response to an invariant sequence of maneuvers and item presentations, (2) The evaluation of spontaneous general movements (GMs) which may be predictive of cerebral palsy (CP), they are captured on videotape and entails no handling of the infant, and (3) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which provides structural information about brain development and injury. All methods have limitations as to when they can be optimally performed. Infants must be medically stable to undergo the NAPI and MRI when it requires transportation out of the nursery. GMs can be videotaped at any time but assessments several months post-term are more reliably predictive of CP than early assessments. More work must be done to optimize the contemporary and predictive value of early infant assessments.
Edin Expression in the Fat Body Is Required in the Defense Against Parasitic Wasps in Drosophila melanogaster

The cellular immune response against parasitoid wasps in Drosophila involves the activation, mobilization, proliferation and differentiation of different blood cell types. Here, we have assessed the role of Edin (elevated during infection) in the immune response against the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi in Drosophila melanogaster larvae. The expression of edin was induced within hours after a wasp infection in larval fat bodies. Using tissue-specific RNAi, we show that Edin is an important determinant of the encapsulation response. Although edin expression in the fat body was required for the larvae to mount a normal encapsulation response, it was dispensable in hemocytes. Edin expression in the fat body was not required for lamellocyte differentiation, but it was needed for the increase in plasmatocyte numbers and for the release of sessile hemocytes into the hemolymph. We conclude that edin expression in the fat body affects the outcome of a wasp infection by regulating the increase of plasmatocyte numbers and the mobilization of sessile hemocytes in Drosophila larvae.
Nanoscale Electrocatalysis: Visualizing Oxygen Reduction at Pristine, Kinked, and Oxidized Sites on Individual Carbon Nanotubes

There is a prevailing and widely adopted view that carbon nanotubes, which are finding considerable application in energy, healthcare, and electronics applications, are highly (electro)catalytically inert unless modified, doped, or defected. By visualizing the electrochemical reduction of oxygen (hydrogen peroxide generation) at high resolution along pristine (defect-free) regions of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes, we show that there is, in fact, significant activity comparable to that of standard gold electrocatalysts. Moreover, the activity is greatly enhanced at strained (kinked) sites and regions modified by oxidation. Single-walled carbon nanotubes are thus effective electrocatalysts in their own right and not just supports for other materials.
BACTERIAL TECHNOLOGY TO BUILD COMPUTERS : A SURVEY

Synthetic biology is an emerging discipline that combines knowledge from various disciplines including molecular biology, engineering, and mathematics to design biological devices whose goal is to extend or modify the behavior of organisms and engineer them to achieve desired functions for broad applications. This paper provides a brief survey about the methods for altering the behavior of individual elements and the construction of complex networks in single-cell. In this review, we shown and analyze the recent advances in synthetic biology towards engineering complex living single-cell by designing genetic circuits to perform new tasks in bacteria behavior.
Geometry-Assisted Localization Algorithms for Wireless Networks

Linear estimators have been extensively utilized for wireless location estimation for their simplicity and closed form property. In the paper, the class of linear estimator by introducing an additional variable, e.g., the well-adopted linear least squares (LLS) estimator, is discussed. There exists information loss from the linearization of location estimator to the nonlinear location estimation, which prevents the linear estimator from approaching the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB). The linearized location estimation problem-based CRLB (L-CRLB) is derived in this paper to provide a portrayal that can fully characterize the behavior for this type of linearized location estimator. The relationships between the proposed L-CRLB and the conventional CRLB are obtained and theoretically proven in this paper. As suggested by the L-CRLB, higher estimation accuracy can be achieved if the mobile station (MS) is located inside the convex hull of the base stations (BSs) compared to the case that the MS is situated outside of the geometric layout. This result motivates the proposal of geometry-assisted localization (GAL) algorithm in order to consider the geometric effect associated with the linearization loss. Based on the initial estimation, the GAL algorithm fictitiously moves the BSs based on the L-CRLB criteria. Two different implementations, including the GAL with two-step least squares estimator (GAL-TSLS) and the GAL with Kalman filter (GAL-KF), are proposed to consider the situations with and without the adoption of MS's historical estimation. Simulation results show that the GAL-KF scheme can compensate the linearization loss and improve the performance of conventional location estimators.
IMAGE MATCHING ALGORITHM BASED ON HUMAN PERCEPTION

There has been in depth analysis and numerous researches on image matching and storage. Major software distributors providing RDBMS provide image storage based on textual description. Since Images can easily be searched based on textual information, it is not so efficient and hence brings need of such technique that allows search based on image feature and not based on textual description of image. In recent years dramatic changes have been seen in digital image libraries and other multimedia databases. In order to effectively and precisely retrieve the desired images from a large image database, the development of a content-based image matching system has become an important research issue. However, most of the proposed approaches emphasize on finding the best representation for different image features. Human perception of comparing image is something else. Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment by processing information that is contained in visible light. The resulting perception is also known as eyesight, sight, or vision. Hence color attributes like the mean value, the standard deviation, and the image bitmap of a color image are used as the features for matching. In addition, the entropy based on the gray level co-occurrence matrix and the edge histogram of an image is also considered as the texture features.
El uso de la Entrevista Motivacional en el proceso de ayuda

There is no single and uniforma helping process. Our professional interventions are guided by conceptual frames, theories, techniques, and strategies adjusted to our clients’ needs. Motivational Interviewing provides multiple possibilities that contribute to a dynamic helping process. At the same time, the client us invited to assume responsibility for his behavior and take on new stances favoring change.
Illumination invariant skin color segmentation

Skin color segmentation takes a great attention in many vision-based methodologies. However, the performance of the segmentation is not stable because of color variations caused by various illumination conditions. In this paper, we propose a new skin color model for segmentation which is invariant to illumination variation. It is based on illumination-free color space which is defined on Lambertian surface. Through several experimental results, we confirm that the proposed skin color model is successfully applied to skin color segmentation under various illumination conditions.
Supporting Services and the Choice of Compatibility

This paper investigates the incentives of firms to produce compatible products in a market where consumers’ choice among brands depends on the availability of complementary services supporting the individual brands. We analyze a computer industry in which consumers treat computers and computer specific software as complementary products. Our main result shows that, despite the fact that a computer firm can increase the variety of its supporting software by making its machine compatible with other machines’ software, a firm may end up losing part of its market share and profit by investing in compatibility. This paper also underlines the importance of distinguishing between hardware compatibility and economic compatibility.
Spectrum Sharing between Cooperative Relay and Ad-hoc Networks: Dynamic Spectrum Access, Resource Allocation and Real-time Implementation

This paper studies the spectrum sharing problem between a cooperative relay network (CRN) and a nearby ad-hoc network that operates over the same spectral band. In the uplink CRN transmission, both the source node and relay node can interfere with the ad-hoc links. By virtue of that the CRN can predict the ad-hoc traffic through spectrum sensing, we o ptimize the spectrum access and resource allocation strategy of the CRN such that the average traffic c ollision time between the two networks can be minimized while maintaining a required uplink throughput for the CRN. The associated design formulation turns out to be a non-convex optimization problem. By analyzing the optimal spectrum access strategy, we show that this spectrum sharing problem can be reformulated as a convex problem and solved by a low-complexity Lagrangian optimization method. The development is first for a framelevel resource allocation strategy, and then is further ext ended to an ergodic resource allocation strategy that considers long term average CRN throughput and long term average traffic collision time. For the ergodic strategy, an efficient, practical real-time implem entation method is also presented. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the pr oposed spectrum sharing strategies. Index terms− Cognitive radio, relay network, ad-hoc network, resource allocation, spectrum access, spectrum sharing, interference prediction. EDICS: WIN-CONT, WIN-RSMG, SPC-MULT, SPC-CRDS
Arsenic trioxide as an inducer of apoptosis and loss of PML/RAR alpha protein in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells.

BACKGROUND Retinoids, which are derivatives of vitamin A, induce differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells in vitro and in patients. However, APL cells develop resistance to retinoic acid treatment. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) can induce clinical remission in patients with APL, including those who have relapsed after retinoic acid treatment, by inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death) of the leukemia cells. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which As2O3 induces apoptosis in retinoic acid-sensitive NB4 APL cells, in retinoic acid-resistant derivatives of these cells, and in fresh leukemia cells from patients. METHODS Apoptosis was assessed by means of DNA fragmentation analyses, TUNEL assays (i.e., deoxyuridine triphosphate labeling of DNA nicks with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase), and flow cytometry. Expression of the PML/RAR alpha fusion protein in leukemia cells was assessed by means of western blotting, ligand binding, and immunohistochemistry. Northern blotting and ribonuclease protection assays were used to evaluate changes in gene expression in response to retinoic acid and As2O3 treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS As2O3 induces apoptosis without differentiation in retinoic acid-sensitive and retinoic acid-resistant APL cells at concentrations that are achievable in patients. As2O3 induces loss of the PML/RAR alpha fusion protein in NB4 cells, in retinoic-acid resistant cells derived from them, in fresh APL cells from patients, and in non-APL cells transfected to express this protein. As2O3 and retinoic acid induce different patterns of gene regulation, and they inhibit the phenotypes induced by each other. Understanding the molecular basis of these differences in the effects of As2O3 and retinoic acid may guide the clinical use of arsenic compounds and provide insights into the management of leukemias that do not respond to retinoic acid.
A Performance Evaluation of the Coverage Configuration Protocol and its Applicability to Precision Agriculture

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have recently emerged as a prominent technology for lots of civilian and military applications in both rural and urban environments. Area coverage configuration is an efficient method to alleviate the nodes’ limited energy supply in high density WSNs. It consists in selecting as few active sensors as possible from all deployed nodes while ensuring sufficient sensing coverage of the monitored region. Several coverage configuration protocols have been developed; most of them presume the availability of precise knowledge about node locations and sensing ranges. Relaxing these conservative assumptions might affect the performance of coverage configuration protocols. In this chapter, the authors examine the impact of location errors, irregular sensing ranges, and packet losses on the Coverage Configuration Protocol (CCP). The authors focus more precisely on the impact of using this protocol on a real application: precision agriculture where farmers need to cover the entire terrain with sensors in order to rapidly detect and localize spots requiring chemical treatment. Amine Dhraief University of Manouba, Tunisia Imen Mahjri University of Manouba, Tunisia Abdelfettah Belghith University of Manouba, Tunisia
Olfactory Receptor Patterning in a Higher Primate

The mammalian olfactory system detects a plethora of environmental chemicals that are perceived as odors or stimulate instinctive behaviors. Studies using odorant receptor (OR) genes have provided insight into the molecular and organizational strategies underlying olfaction in mice. One important unanswered question, however, is whether these strategies are conserved in primates. To explore this question, we examined the macaque, a higher primate phylogenetically close to humans. Here we report that the organization of sensory inputs in the macaque nose resembles that in mouse in some respects, but not others. As in mouse, neurons with different ORs are interspersed in the macaque nose, and there are spatial zones that differ in their complement of ORs and extend axons to different domains in the olfactory bulb of the brain. However, whereas the mouse has multiple discrete band-like zones, the macaque appears to have only two broad zones. It is unclear whether the organization of OR inputs in a rodent/primate common ancestor degenerated in primates or, alternatively became more sophisticated in rodents. The mouse nose has an additional small family of chemosensory receptors, called trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs), which may detect social cues. Here we find that TAARs are also expressed in the macaque nose, suggesting that TAARs may also play a role in human olfactory perception. We further find that one human TAAR responds to rotten fish, suggesting a possible role as a sentinel to discourage ingestion of food harboring pathogenic microorganisms.