Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bridging the Gap between Software Development and Information Security

Traditionally, software development efforts in large corporations have been about as far removed from information security as they were from human resources or any other business function. Software development has also had the tendency to be highly distributed among business units and thus not even practiced in a cohesive, coherent manner. In the worst cases, busy business unit executives trade roving bands of developers like Pokemon cards in a fifth-grade classroom (in an attempt to get ahead). Suffice it to say, none of this is good. The disconnect between security and development has ultimately produced software development efforts that lack any sort of contemporary understanding of technical security risks. Today's complex and highly connected computing environments trigger myriad security concerns, so by blowing off the idea of security entirely, software builders virtually guarantee that their creations have way too many security weaknesses that could - and should - have been avoided. This article presents some recommendations for solving this problem. Our approach is born out of experience in two diverse fields: software security and information security. Central among our recommendations is the notion of using the knowledge inherent in information security organizations to enhance secure software development efforts.
Remote control system of home electrical appliances using speech recognition

This paper discusses a remote control system of home electrical appliances using speech recognition. It is very convenient system for not only visual-impaired people but also elderly people to control household appliances based on the speech commands. The goal of our system is that the many kinds of household appliances such as television, video recorder and air conditioner are controlled based on the speech commands. The feature of our remote control system is that the system has human friendly interface just as persons communicate with each other. When the system did not recognize a person's speech command, the system asks once more for a speech command to repeat what a person said. The experimental results for our system have clarified its effectiveness.
Prognosis of Early-Onset vs. Late-Onset Mild Cognitive Impairment: Comparison of Conversion Rates and Its Predictors

Background: Despite having the same histopathological characteristics, early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients show some distinct clinical and neuropsychological profiles. Early Onset Mild Cognitive Impairment (EOMCI) is a less characterized group. The aim of this study is to characterize MCI probably due to AD in terms of the clinical, genetic, Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers profile and conversion rate of EOMCI, compared to the late-onset form (LOMCI). Methods: 159 MCI patients were divided in two groups: 52 EOMCI (onset < 65 years) and 107 LOMCI (onset ≥ 65 years). We investigated differences in neuropsychological scores, clinical variables, ApoE genotype, CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, t-Tau and p-Tau) in both groups. Conversion was ascertained during follow-up. Results: EOMCI showed a longer duration of symptoms prior to the first evaluation (EOMCI = 4.57 vs. LOMCI = 3.31, p = 0.008) and scored higher on the subjective memory complaints scale (9.91 vs. 7.85, p = 0.008), but performed better in brief cognitive tests (27.81 vs. 26.51, p < 0.001 in Mini-Mental State Examination; 19.84 vs. 18.67, p = 0.005 in Montreal Cognitive Assessment) than LOMCI. ApoE genotype distribution and CSF biomarker profile were similar in both groups, as was the conversion risk. Lower Aβ42 (Hazard ratio (HR): 0.998, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = [0.996–1.000], p = 0.042), higher t-Tau levels (HR: 1.003, 95%CI = [1.000–1.005], p = 0.039) and higher scores in the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (HR: 1.186, 95%CI = [1.083–1.299], p = 0.002) increased the risk of conversion. Discussion: Despite differences in memory performance and memory complaints, EOMCI and LOMCI seem to represent indistinct biological groups that do not have a higher risk of conversion to AD or differ in risk factors for conversion.
Operator Spaces and Residually Finite-Dimensional C*-Algebras

Abstract For every operator space X the C *-algebra containing it in a universal way is residually finite-dimensional (that is, has a separating family of finite-dimensional representations). In particular, the free C *-algebra on any normed space is residually finite-dimensional. This is an extension of an earlier result by Goodearl and Menal, and our short proof is based on a criterion due to Exel and Loring.
Context effects and models of preferential choice: implications for consumer behavior

The article summarizes extant research on context effects and choice theories in a straightforward fashion. The context effects are used as benchmarks to compare six choice theories. The context effects include similarity, attraction, compromise, and reference point effects. The considered theories include simple scalability model, random utility model, elimination by aspects model, strategy switching models, componential context model, and connectionist network model of choice. The article discusses the implications of each model for consumer behavior, and suggests that the choice of model should depend on the characteristics of products, consumers and purchase process.
PROPERTIES OF 185TAGE-ACTIVATED IONIC CURRENTS IN CELLS FROM THE BRAINS OF THE TRICLAD FLATWORM BDELLOURA CANDIDA

Cells were dispersed from the brains of the triclad flatworm Bdelloura candida and maintained in primary culture for up to 2 weeks. Cultured cells assumed a variety of morphologies consistent with those of neurones in vivo. Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings from cultured cells revealed that these cells possess a variety of ionic currents, including a fast transient sodium current, a calcium current and several potassium currents. The sodium current does not inactivate completely but instead decays to a steady-state component which has the same physiology and pharmacology as the fast transient component, suggesting that the two components are carried by the same population of channels. The physiology and pharmacology of these various currents were not remarkable save for the fact that, contrary to earlier reports, all sodium currents examined were sensitive to tetrodotoxin (TTX). These animals are, therefore, the lowest animals known to possess TTX-sensitive sodium currents and, as such, represent a major stage in sodium channel evolution.
CD-SEM metrology for sub-10nm width features

This paper will explore the possibilities of critical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM) metrology at sub- 10 nm feature sizes using modeling. JMONSEL simulations will be used to illustrate SEM waveforms for very small features, as a function of beam energy, feature size, profile height and sidewall angle. It will also be shown that the dimensions of the electron beam and interaction volume have very strong influence on the results. Using modeled results, an assessment on required image quality for future tools will be presented, along with a framework for linking spot size and image resolution. Additionally, from the generated waveforms, various measurement algorithms will be evaluated for such future nanometer-scale applications.
The Craving Mind: From Cigarettes to Smartphones to Love—Why We Get Hooked and How We Can Break Bad Habits.: Judson Brewer, MD, PhD. Foreword by Jon Kabat-Zinn (2017) Yale University Press. viii + 230 pp.

This was a fascinating book for me to review. I am very familiar with the concept of mindfulness, although I do not use it in my clinical practice. I am also very familiar with its usefulness as an adjunctive treatment in many contemporary clinical psychiatric practices. I am acquainted with its usefulness in clinical neurology. However, I was unfamiliar with the theoretical underpinnings of mindfulness. I was also unfamiliar with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments using mindfulness as a variable, and I knew nothing about the fascinating experiments using experienced meditators and asking them to meditate while in the fMRI and then allowing them to watch a graph of their brain activity while they are meditating in the fMRI. This slim volume authored by Judson Brewer, MD, PhD, Director of Research at the Center for Mindfulness and Associate Professor in Medicine and Psychiatry at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, benefits from a thoughtful introduction/ foreword by Dr Jon Kabat-Zinn, a professor emeritus of medicine and the creator of the Stress Reduction Clinic in the Center for Mindfulness in Medicine at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. Dr KabatZinn offers his personal and useful definition of mindfulness, “mindfulness involves acceptance,” adding that it means paying attention to our thoughts and feelings without judging them, without deciding what is the right or wrong way to think or feel in a given moment. Mindfulness is a contemporary term for a portion of the Pali Sati, a critical element of Buddhist thought and Buddhist religion. He notes that mindfulness is modern terminology for an ancient theory and Buddhist practice. Dr Kabat-Zinn also makes note of Dr Judson Brewer's humorous style and ability to make a complex subject easier to understand. In his introduction, Dr Kabat-Zinn introduces the lay-reader to the marvelous complexity of the human brain, which is made up of 86 billion individual nerve cells (neurons) and millions of glial cells, which serve to integrate the many
Low-power multi-port memory architecture based on Spin Orbit Torque magnetic devices

Multi-port memories are widely used as shared memory, such as register files, in a microprocessor system, and its number of ports and capacities are significantly increasing with every product generation. However, with technology advancements, multi-port memories are facing severe challenges due to their bit-cell leakage and scalability, as well as reliability issues due to increase in design complexity. In this paper, we design a novel multi-port memory architecture in which we employ emerging Spin Orbit Torque (SOT) magnetic devices as a storing component because of its several beneficial attributes such as non-volatility, scalability, zero-leakage, almost infinite endurance, low access latency, low area and immunity to soft-errors. Moreover, due to separate read and write current paths in these devices, simultaneous read and write operations can be performed on the same cell while maintaining data integrity. In our proposed architecture, we have demonstrated that with this characteristic of SOT, the read-write contention can be resolved inherently at the device-level, which can simplify the overall multi-port design. Experimental results show that our proposed multi-port design has low access latency, and high energy efficiency with negligible area overhead.
Learning From Observation and Practice Using Primitives

We explore how to enable robots to rapidly learn from watching a human or robot perform a task, and from practicing the task itself. A key component of our approach is to use small units of behavior, which we refer to as behavioral primitives. Another key component is to use the observed human behavior to define the space to be explored during learning from practice. In this paper we manually define task appropriate primitives by programming how to find them in the training data. We describe memory-based approaches to learning how to select and provide subgoals for behavioral primitives. We demonstrate both learning from observation and learning from practice on a marble maze task, Labyrinth. Using behavioral primitives greatly speeds up learning relative to learning using a direct mapping from states to actions.
Fuel-saving potentials of platooning evaluated through sparse heavy-duty vehicle position data

Vehicle platooning is important for heavy-duty vehicle manufacturers, due to the reduced aerodynamic drag for the follower vehicles, which gives an overall lower fuel consumption. Heavy-duty vehicle drivers are aware this fact and sometimes drive close to other heavy-duty vehicles. However, it is not currently well known how many vehicles are actually driving in such spontaneous platoons today. This paper studies the platooning rate of 1,800 heavy-duty vehicles by analyzing sparse vehicle position data from a region in Europe during one day. Map-matching and path-inference algorithms are used to determine which paths the vehicles took. The spontaneous platooning rate is found to be 1.2 %, which corresponds to a total fuel saving of 0.07% compared to if none of the vehicles were platooning. Furthermore, we introduce several virtual coordination schemes. We show that coordinations can increase the platooning rate and fuel saving with a factor of ten with minor adjustments from the current travel schedule. The platooning rate and fuel savings can be significantly greater if higher flexibility is allowed.
Ultrathin-body SOI MOSFET for deep-sub-tenth micron era

A 40-nm-gate-length ultrathin-body (UTB) nMOSFET is presented with 20-nm body thickness and 2.4-nm gate oxide. The UTB structure eliminates leakage paths and is an extension of a conventional SOI MOSFET for deep-sub-tenth micron CMOS. Simulation shows that the UTB SOI MOSFET can be scaled down to 18-nm gate length with <5 nm UTB. A raised poly-Si S/D process is employed to reduce the parasitic series resistance.
Normalization strategy as the concept of power in the dutch-indies literature: michel foucault critical discourse analysis perspective

The background of this research problem is an attempt to prove that literature as collective consciousness product, in this case the Indies Literature, is not an isolated production form, but always influenced by certain power, social and economic system, so it is a discourse that can be used as a tool to organize practical power. Using Critical Discourse Analysis Michel Foucault as a theoretical approach, as well as the method of hermeneutic phenomenology of Paul Ricoeur and interdisciplinary as well as qualitative data analysis techniques developed by Denzin regarding the understanding of savoir (conjunctive knowledge) enriched with conaissance (formal knowledge related to the savoir of this research seeks to see the totality of the discourse relation and the hidden manifest, in order to find the relation of the dominance of the power of knowledge in the literary work, in particular the strategy of normalization in the system of power of knowledge, and the results of the study conclude that a power is not only substantial and inherent and dispersed as Foucault's opinion, the power of knowledge is the duplication of the power cells.Therefore, the power of a power of knowledge can be analogous to Ek = MkC the power of power is the result of duplication between the power webs involved and the form (Ek = MkC --Ek = energy of power, Mk = the power net involved, C = cel-cel power formed). And as far as the understanding of researchers has never been conveyed by Foucault in his discussion of the power of knowledge.
Extending haskell with effectful property abstraction

Functional programming paradigm can be used to build high-level software, especially when combined with a strong type system, like in Haskell. Functions are first-order values in functional languages. Haskell's Lens type generalizes properties (i.e. accessors/mutators) found in other programming languages. However the structure of Lens type prevents using lenses for data that can be accessed with side-effects. Examples of such data are synchronized properties, file content or remote data. This paper presents an alternative data type for property abstraction, called Reference that can be used in these cases.
Toll-like receptors in inflammatory bowel diseases: A decade later

Abstract: Differential alteration of Toll‐like receptor (TLR) expression in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was first described 10 years ago. Since then, studies from many groups have led to the current concept that TLRs represent key mediators of innate host defense in the intestine, involved in maintaining mucosal as well as commensal homeostasis. Recent findings in diverse murine models of colitis have helped to reveal the mechanistic importance of TLR dysfunction in IBD pathogenesis. It has become evident that environment, genetics, and host immunity form a multidimensional and highly interactive regulatory triad that controls TLR function in the intestinal mucosa. Imbalanced relationships within this triad may promote aberrant TLR signaling, critically contributing to acute and chronic intestinal inflammatory processes in IBD colitis and associated cancer. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010)
Copyrighting Public-key Functions and Applications to Black-box Traitor Tracing

Copyrighting a function is the process of embedding hard-to-remove marks in the function’s implementation while retaining its original functionality. Here we consider the above problem in the context of public-key encryption and we parallel the process of copyrighting a function to the process of designing traitor tracing schemes. We derive two copyrighted public-key encryption functions for the 2-key setting, solving an open question left by earlier work with respect to copyrighting discrete-logarithm based functions. We then follow a modular design approach and show how to elevate the 2key case to the multi-user setting, employing collusion secure codes. Our methodology provides a general framework for constructing public-key traitor tracing schemes that has the interesting property that the transmission rate remains constant if the plaintext size can be calibrated to reach an appropriate minimal length. Achieving a constant rate, i.e., constant expansion in the size of ciphertexts and keys, is an important open problem in the area of traitor tracing schemes. Our design shows how one can solve it for settings that accommodate the required plaintext calibration (e.g., when a bulk of symmetric cipher keys can be encrypted in one message). Our constructions support “black-box traitor tracing”, the setting where the tracer only accesses the decryption box in input/output queries/responses. For the first time here we provide a modeling of black-box traitor tracing that takes into account adversarially chosen plaintext distributions, a security notion we call semantic black-box traceability. In order to facilitate the design of schemes with semantic black-box traceability we introduce as part of our modular design approach a simpler notion called semantic user separability and we show that this notion implies semantic black-box traceability. In the multi-user setting our constructions also demonstrate how one can derive public-key traitor tracing by reducing the required “marking assumption” of collusion-secure codes to cryptographic hardness assumptions. ∗Computer Science and Engineering Dept., University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA, aggelos@cse.uconn. edu. Research partly supported by NSF CAREER Award CNS-0447808. †RSA Laboratories, Bedford, MA, USA and Computer Science Dept., Columbia University, NY, USA moti@cs.columbia. edu
Autoscopy: Detecting Pattern-Searching Rootkits via Control Flow Tracing

Traditional approaches to rootkit detection [24] [45] [25] [34] assume the execution of code at a privilege level below that of the operating system kernel, with the use of virtual machine technologies to enable the detection system itself to be immune from the virus or rootkit code. In this thesis, we approach the problem of rootkit detection from the standpoint of tracing and instrumentation techniques, which work from within the kernel and also modify the kernel’s run–time state to detect aberrant control flows. We wish to investigate the role of emerging tracing frameworks (Kprobes, DTrace etc.) in enforcing operating system security without the reliance on a fullblown virtual machine just for the purposes of such policing. We first build a novel rootkit prototype that uses pattern-searching techniques to hijack hooks embedded in dynamically allocated memory, which we present as a showcase of emerging attack techniques. We then build an intrusion detection system — autoscopy, atop kprobes, that detects anomalous control flow patterns typically exhibited by rootkits within a running kernel. Furthermore, to validate our approach, we show that we were able to successfully detect 15 existing Linux rootkits. We also conduct performance analyses, which show the overhead of our system to range from 2% to 5% on a wide range of standard benchmarks. Thus by leveraging tracing frameworks within operating systems, we show that it is possible to introduce real-world security in devices where performance and resource constraints are tantamount to security considerations.
Behavioral / Systems / Cognitive Different Sensory Systems Share Projection Neurons But Elicit Distinct Motor Patterns

Considerable research has focused on issues pertaining to sensorimotor integration, but in most systems precise information remains unavailable regarding the specific pathways by which different sensory systems regulate any single central pattern-generating circuit. We address this issue by determining how two muscle stretch-sensitive neurons, the gastropyloric receptor neurons (GPRs), influence identified projection neurons that regulate the gastric mill circuit in the stomatogastric nervous system of the crab and then comparing these actions with those of the ventral cardiac neuron (VCN) mechanosensory system. Here, we show that the GPR neurons activate the gastric mill rhythm in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) via their excitation of two identified projection neurons, modulatory commissural neuron 1 (MCN1) and commissural projection neuron 2 (CPN2), in the commissural ganglion. Support for this conclusion comes from the ability of the modulatory proctolin neuron (MPN), a projection neuron that suppresses the gastric mill rhythm via its inhibitory actions on MCN1 and CPN2, to inhibit the GPR-elicited gastric mill rhythm. Selective elimination of MCN1 and CPN2 access to the STG also prevents GPR activation of this rhythm. The VCN neurons also elicit the gastric mill rhythm by coactivating MCN1 and CPN2, but the GPR-elicited gastric mill rhythm is distinct. These distinct rhythms are likely to result partly from different MCN1 activity levels under these two conditions and partly from the presence of additional GPR actions in the STG. These results support the hypothesis that different sensory systems differentially regulate neuronal circuit activity despite their convergent actions on a single subpopulation of projection neurons.