Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of feeding increasing levels of whole cottonseed on milk and milk components, milk fatty acid profile, and total tract digestibility in lactating dairy cows.

Dietary fat is fed to increase energy intake and provide fatty acids (FA) to support milk fat production. Oilseeds contain unsaturated FA that increase the risk for biohydrogenation-induced milk fat depression, but FA in whole cottonseed (WCS) are expected to be slowly released in the rumen and thus have a lower risk for biohydrogenation-induced milk fat depression. Our hypothesis was that increasing dietary WCS would increase milk fat yield by providing additional dietary FA without induction of milk fat depression. Four primiparous and 8 multiparous lactating Holstein cows (136 ± 35 DIM and 127 ± 4 DIM, respectively) were arranged in a replicated 4x4 Latin square design with 21 d periods. Treatments were WCS provided at 0, 3.4, 6.8, and 9.9% of dietary DM, and WCS was substituted for cottonseed hulls and soybean meal to maintain dietary fiber and protein. Treatment did not change milk yield. There was a treatment by parity interaction (P < 0.05) for milk fat percent and yield with a quadratic decreased in primiparous cows but no effect of WCS in multiparous cows. Cottonseed linearly increased milk fat trans-10 18:1 in primiparous cows (P < 0.05) but not in multiparous cows. Increasing WCS increased milk preformed (18 C) FA yield and partially overcame the trans-10 18:1 inhibition of de novo FA synthesis in the primiparous cows. Apparent transfer of 18 C FA from feed to milk decreased in all cows as WCS increased (P < 0.05), but the magnitude of the change was greater in primiparous cows. Increasing WCS decreased total-tract apparent dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility. There was no change in total FA digestibility. However, 18 C FA digestibility tended to be decreased in both parities and 16 C FA digestibility was quadratically increased in multiparous cows but not changed in primiparous cows. Total fecal flow of intact WCS increased (P < 0.001) as WCS level increased, but fecal flow of intact seeds as a percentage consumed was similar across treatments. Fecal flow of intact seeds was greater in multiparous cows (4.3% vs. 1.1% of consumed). Plasma concentration of glucose, nonesterified FA (NEFA), triglycerides, and insulin were not changed. However, plasma urea-N (PUN) increased with increasing WCS. Plasma gossypol increased with WCS (0.08 µg/ml to 1.15 µg/ml) but was well below expected toxic levels. In conclusion, whole cottonseed maintained milk and milk component yield when fed at up to 9.9% of the diet to multiparous cows without concerns of gossypol toxicity, but primiparous cows were more susceptible to biohydrogenation-induced milk fat depression in the current trial. This highlights the interactions of parity with diet composition when feeding rumen available unsaturated fat to dairy cows.
Are ambulatory blood pressure parameters associated more with central adiposity than with total adiposity? Results of the ELSA-Brasil study

Background Worldwide obesity has a high prevalence, as well as carries a high risk of several chronic diseases, including hypertension. Studies of the association between obesity and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) are scarce and most use only body mass index (BMI) as indicator of adiposity. Thus, we aimed to examine for associations between total and central adiposity and ambulatory BP parameters (BP means and variability, nocturnal dipping and morning surge) among participants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Methods This cross-sectional study (2012–2014) used a subsample of participants (n = 812) of ELSA-Brasil who underwent 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring to assess systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP, respectively) over 24-hour periods and sub-periods. Indicators for total adiposity were BMI and body fat (BF) and, for central adiposity, waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHR). Associations were tested using crude and adjusted gamma and logistic regression. Results Overweight (BMI) and abdominal obesity (WC and WHR) associated positively with mean 24-hour (Coef = 2.71, 3.09 and 4.00, respectively), waking (Coef = 2.87, 3.26 and 4.16, respectively), and sleeping (Coef = 2.30, 2.74 and 3.50, respectively) SBP; mean DBP associated with high WHR in these three periods (Coef = 2.00, 2.10 and 1.68, respectively) and with WC in the waking period (Coef = 1.44). Overweight and abdominal obesity (WC and WHR) were positively associated with SBP variability over 24 h (Coef = 0.53, 0.45 and 0.49, respectively) and in sleep (Coef = 0.80, 0.74 and 0.59, respectively), and with DBP variability in 24 h (Coef = 0.64, 0.73 and 0.58, respectively), wakefulness (Coef = 0.50, 0.52 and 0.52, respectively) and sleep (Coef = 0.53, 0.45 and 0.49); excess BF associated positively with DBP variability over 24 h (Coef = 0.43) and in wakefulness (Coef = 0.38). Lastly, high WHR and excess BF were associated with higher odds of extreme dipping (OR = 1.03 for both), while high WC and WHR associated with higher odds of exacerbated diastolic morning surge (OR = 3.18 and 3.66, respectively). Conclusion Indicators of adiposity were associated with the BP means and variability, nocturnal dipping and morning surge, with more substantial results for indicators of central adiposity that the others.
Comparative study of Java and Python: A Review

Because computing is everything about us, it will inevitably pervade society. One way to get started in the IT industry is to learn to program. Choosing a language that is simple to learn is crucial for novice programmers. It could be difficult for a novice to know where to start with the wide variety of coding packages available on the market. If someone is new to programming and chooses a challenging language, they may quickly lose interest in the field. Python and Java, two of the most well-liked, in-demand, and often used programming languages, are compared and contrasted in this essay. This article compares and contrasts Python and Java's features, applications, advantages, and disadvantages in brief
Thermochemical Structure and Melting Distribution of the Upper Mantle Beneath Intraplate Volcanic Areas in Eastern South China Block

The Eastern South China Block (SCB) has experienced complex Mesozoic‐Cenozoic tectonism and intraplate volcanism. However, due to a lack of exhaustive exploration of the upper mantle's thermochemical structure, it is difficult to determine the extent of the lithospheric modification and the mechanisms by which the volcanism generate. Here, we jointly invert Rayleigh wave dispersion, surface heat flow, geoid height, and elevation data to provide a comprehensive thermal and compositional structure of the upper mantle beneath eastern SCB and infer regions of partial melting. Our model reveals widespread lithospheric thinning in the eastern SCB and large variations of lithospheric composition with a more fertile eastern Lower Yangtze lithosphere than the lithosphere elsewhere, suggesting the lithosphere of the eastern Lower Yangtze is more severely modified than the rest of the SCB. Moreover, two high‐temperature anomalies are revealed: one beneath the eastern Lower Yangtze and the other beneath the Pearl River Delta region, associated with the Pacific plate subduction and Hainan plume, respectively. The high‐degree partial melting (∼6%) in the asthenosphere beneath the Lower Yangtze is responsible for the strong ongoing lithospheric modification and the young intraplate volcanism in the Nvshan and Subei areas. Small‐scale upper mantle convections triggered by the large mantle upwellings created a low value of ∼3% melts, possibly responsible for the intraplate volcanism in the coastal CB and less severe lithospheric modification. We demonstrate that the lithospheric thickness and its thermochemical state are the key factors that influence the composition and evolution of intraplate volcanism in the eastern SCB.
Synthesis Optimization and Antibacterial Performance of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles in Chitosan

Colloidal silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via the chemical reduction method. The synthesis used AgNO3 as the precursor, chitosan as the reducing and stabilizing agents, and NaOH as the accelerator. The synthesis parameters were optimized. The samples were tested with a UV-vis spectrophotometer to observe their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon, a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and a particle size analyzer (PSA) to investigate their particle shape and size distribution. Further, silver nanoparticles were tested for their storage stability and antibacterial performance. The UV-vis spectroscopy data exhibited that the silver nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized, validating via the emergence of the LSPR absorption band at 402–418 nm. At 50 °C, the optimum synthesis was achieved for 100 min of reaction time by adding 0.033 M NaOH and AgNO3 4.00% (w/w, AgNO3/chitosan). TEM results showed spherical silver nanoparticles of 1–8 nm, while the PSA results exhibited particles sizes of about 12–59 nm. The colloidal silver nanoparticles were stable in storage for 8 weeks and had good antibacterial performance against E. coli, S. aureus, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Therefore, colloidal silver nanoparticles have the potential as a material for medical applications.
Development of a Genome-Informed Protocol for Detection of Pseudomonas amygdali pv. morsprunorum Using LAMP and PCR

One of the causal agents of bacterial canker is Pseudomonas amygdali pv. morsprunorum—Pam (formerly Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum). Recently detected in Chile, Pam is known to cause lesions in the aerial parts of the plant, followed by more severe symptoms such as cankers and gummosis in the later stages of the disease. This study presents the design of PCR and LAMP detection methods for the specific and sensitive identification of Pseudomonas amygdali pv. morsprunorum (Pam) from cherry trees. Twelve Pseudomonas isolates were collected, sequenced, and later characterized by Multi-locus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) and Average Nucleotide Identity by blast (ANIb). Three of them (11116B2, S1 Pam, and S2 Pam) were identified as Pseudomonas amygdali pv. morsprunorum and were used to find specific genes through RAST server, by comparing their genome with that of other Pseudomonas, including isolates from other Pam strains. The effector gene HopAU1 was selected for the design of primers to be used for both techniques, evaluating sensitivity and specificity, and the ability to detect Pam directly from plant tissues. While the PCR detection limit was 100 pg of purified bacterial DNA per reaction, the LAMP assays were able to detect up to 1 fg of purified DNA per reaction. Similar results were observed using plant tissues, LAMP being more sensitive than PCR, including when using DNA extracted from infected plant tissues. Both detection methods were tested in the presence of 30 other bacterial genera, with LAMP being more sensitive than PCR.
Ensaio monográfico sobre os Quirópteros do Brasil

No presente trabalho, procuramos tanto quanto possível, dar um cunho essencialmente prático ao conhecimento dos morcegos brasileiros. Evitamos assim cair em descrições por demais minuciosas de caracteres anatômicos internos que, alem de exigirem conhecimentos es[1]peciais para sua observação, requerem ainda muito tempo e material apropriado.
Runoff Change and Its Simulation in Main Stream of Heihe River at Gaoya Section

Gaoya section is a control section of main stream of the Heihe River between Ganzhou district and Linze country,Gansu,China,and runoff variation at the section can well reflect the transform between surface water,groundwater and irrigation water in Ganzhou district.Based on qualitative analysis of the components of the runoff,a simplified model is put forward to explain stream channel leakage and groundwater spillage.Monthly water diversion ratio is introduced to describe the intra-annual changes of irrigation water from the Heihe River,and monthly runoff series are simulated with runoffs at the Yingluo Gorge section and groundwater levels measured in typical observation wells as inputting parameters.Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency of the simulated monthly runoff series during 1989-2006 can be up to 0.88. The method emphasizes the leakage behavior of stream channel under the condition of stream flow timely changing and human activities,and it is a positive try to understand the variations of the Heihe river runoff at the Gaoya section.
Carbon reduction effect of ESG: empirical evidence from listed manufacturing companies in China

Against the backdrop of global climate change, corporate carbon emissions have increasingly become a focal point, making carbon reduction by companies a pivotal issue. Based on data from Chinese listed manufacturing companies from 2010 to 2020, this paper explores the impact of ESG performance on carbon reduction. The results indicate that ESG performance significantly reduce corporate carbon emissions. Green technology innovation, corporate efficiency, and managerial short-sightedness are vital channels through which ESG promotes corporate carbon reduction. For companies with different environmental regulations, industry competition intensities, and capital intensities, the relationship between ESG performance and carbon reduction varies significantly. Notably, we found that in companies with strict environmental regulations, intense industry competition, and high capital intensity, the carbon-reducing effect of ESG performance is more pronounced. Furthermore, digital transformation positively moderates the relationship between ESG performance and carbon reduction. This study not only provides new empirical evidence for understanding the impact of ESG performance on carbon reduction but also offers valuable insights for businesses and policymakers to promote corporate efforts in carbon reduction and achieve China’s “Dual Carbon” goals.
Is the Construction Industry More Concentrated After the COVID-19 Pandemic? An Empirical Study on the U.S. Revenue Data from 2004 to 2021

As a most important industry in the U.S., the construction industry faces multiple challenges since the COVID-19 pandemic. Backed by government interventions that have helped streamline construction projects, however, the aftermath of the pandemic is still vague. One of the imperative issues to be examined is the construction market concentration since the pandemic, especially how it is compared to the Great Recession. This study statistically analyzes the revenue gaps among the U.S. construction companies and the changes of their revenue rankings. This study uses the data from Engineering News-Record Top List of Contractors. The results show that unlike the Great Recession, which obviously enlarged the revenue gaps, there is no evidence yet demonstrating that the COVID-19 pandemic caused noteworthy disruptions to the revenue gap among construction companies. The government interventions, such as the Paycheck Protection Program and the Infrastructure Investment and Job Act, are regarded as effective stabilizers, until the cutoff of data collection at the beginning of 2022. The medians of ranking changes across years generally remain stable, including the period of pandemic. The study also indicates the necessity to include more longitudinal data and sectional data to explore long-term impacts and sector-wise conditions.
SNPs-Panel Polymorphism Variations in GHRL and GHSR Genes Are Not Associated with Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major public health problem worldwide. Recent studies have suggested that ghrelin and its receptor could be involved in the susceptibility to several cancers such as PCa, leading to their use as an important predictive way for the clinical progression and prognosis of cancer. However, conflicting results of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with ghrelin (GHRL) and its receptor (GHSR) genes were demonstrated in different studies. Thus, the present case–control study was undertaken to investigate the association of GHRL and GHSR polymorphisms with the susceptibility to sporadic PCa. A cohort of 120 PCa patients and 95 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Genotyping of six SNPs was performed: three tag SNPs in GHRL (rs696217, rs4684677, rs3491141) and three tag SNPs in the GHSR (rs2922126, rs572169, rs2948694) using TaqMan. The allele and genotype distribution, as well as haplotypes frequencies and linked disequilibrium (LD), were established. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis was used to study gene–gene interactions between the six SNPs. Our results showed no significant association of the target polymorphisms with PCa (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, SNPs are often just markers that help identify or delimit specific genomic regions that may harbour functional variants rather than the variants causing the disease. Furthermore, we found that one GHSR rs2922126, namely the TT genotype, was significantly more frequent in PCa patients than in controls (p = 0.040). These data suggest that this genotype could be a PCa susceptibility genotype. MDR analyses revealed that the rs2922126 and rs572169 combination was the best model, with 81.08% accuracy (p = 0.0001) for predicting susceptibility to PCa. The results also showed a precision of 98.1% (p < 0.0001) and a PR-AUC of 1.00. Our findings provide new insights into the influence of GHRL and GHSR polymorphisms and significant evidence for gene–gene interactions in PCa susceptibility, and they may guide clinical decision-making to prevent overtreatment and enhance patients’ quality of life.
Analysis of Traffic Volume and Travel-Time Relationship Using Continuous One-Hour Values on Urban Expressway

To make more efficient use of the expanded freeway and urban expressway networks, various measures such as bottleneck management and wide-area congestion pricing based on traffic data obtained from traffic detectors, including traffic volume and travel time, have been considered. Generally, the congestion status of the data varies from day to day. This study proposes a method for analyzing a graph of traffic volume and travel time to visually and intuitively grasp the change in the daily traffic situation using continuous one-hour values. These values are continuously generated hourly values obtained by shifting data every minute. Twenty-four hours 1 minute data for 128 days on 32 segments with detectors in the Nagoya Expressway Network in Japan were used to draw a continuous one-hour value graph. A number of graphs showed loops of continuous one-hour values with congestion and a smooth variation characteristic of values over time. These graphs provide an accurate estimate of the daily maximum one-hour traffic volumes and facilitate a sequential understanding of the congestion pattern changes on successive route segments. Hourly travel-time prediction models were constructed to macroscopically examine congestion measures over a range of several hours. These models were fabricated with high accuracy using multiple regression analysis based on the characteristics of continuous one-hour values. Exploratory predictive analysis of hourly travel-time models has allowed us to study and discuss various congestion factors in road structures and traffic flows, and it has been found to be easy to grasp the phenomenon and ensure accuracy and operability.
Application of Synthetic Analysis Method in the Environmental Influence Assessment of Land General Plan

The environmental effect appraises of land utilization overall plan is an academic field to be strengthened on its theory and methodology research.This article researches the applied problem of double aggregate analysis methods in this field.The comprehensive and long-term attribute of the land utilization activity in a region determines that the environmental effect of the overall land plan is comprehensive and widespread.The environmental effect appraises of land utilization overall plan should have a view to the environment in a generalized way and emphasizes the ecological environment influence,in the meanwhile some attention should be gaven to the environmental effect of social economy.The overall quality of environment syntheses in the programming time reflects the reciprocity relation and coordinated degree of various environment subsystems.The environment condition in the land utilization overall programming time can be fully measured from a situation and harmony perspective.Analysis about set pair is applied for the measurement of state of environment in the programming time in the article.Weighing analysis is applied when we analyze the number of subsystem characteristics.The order of subsystem state is set up after expression of relation degree in common or different and in reverse part has been established.The overall quality of environment is appraised according to harmony degree index,and then we determine the character,extent and general trend of change of environmental system. Taking Lishui County in Nanjing City,Jiangsu Province as an example,the model research indicates that the use of double aggregate analysis in the environmental effect appraises of land utilization overall plan is effective and feasible.
Mushroom-Derived Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery Systems – Therapeutic Roles and Biological Functions

In this era of globalization, there is an urgent demand for green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs), which should decrease the tremendous energy consumption and the utilization of toxic compounds, and can help save the environment from hazardous effects. Green synthesis attempts to utilize products from natural agents like plants and fungi because of their profound availability of bio compounds. The NPs derived from them may exhibit anticancer, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and immunomodulatory properties because of their unique physical and chemical properties. These extraordinary properties make them promising agents in medicine and agriculture areas. The review summarizes mushroom-derived NPs and bioactive compounds, including the nutritional content of mushrooms with their multipurpose properties, followed by encapsulation and delivery of the biotherapeutics. These NPs have found significant applications in advancing industrial and biomedical ventures. A complete understanding of the synthesis mechanism will help optimize the synthesis protocols and control the shape and size of NPs.
Economic viability of irrigated cultivation of table cassava cultivars under phosphate fertilization

Phosphate fertilization of cassava cultivars leads to increased production costs that may be economically viable depending on the quantity used and the corresponding productivity. In this sense, the objective of the work was to analyse the economic viability of the irrigated cultivation of table cassava cultivars in response to the application of phosphorus doses in the Brazilian semiarid region. Two agricultural crops were conducted at the Experimental Farm Rafael Fernandes, Mossoró, RN, from June 2018 to April 2019 and from June 2019 to April 2020. The experimental design was in randomized blocks arranged in subdivided plots, with four replications. The doses of phosphorus (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1 of P2O5) were applied to the plots and the table cassava cultivars (Água Morna, BRS Gema de Ovo, Recife and Venâncio) arranged in the subplots. The total costs for one hectare of cultivation were estimated and the gross income, net income, rate of return, and profitability index were calculated. The use of phosphate fertilizer was economically viable for the cassava cultivars studied in the two crops. The cultivars Água Morna, BRS Gema de Ovo, and Recife are the best cultivation options for the semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norteas they give high yields with the highest profitability. The Recife cultivar was the region's most profitable cultivation, with a profit ranging from R$ 40,331.07 ha-1 to R$ 57,603.46 ha-1 in both seasons, with an average recommendation of 120 kg ha-1 of P2O5.