Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Process for Systematic Development of Symbolic Models for Activity Recognition

Several emerging approaches to activity recognition (AR) combine symbolic representation of user actions with probabilistic elements for reasoning under uncertainty. These approaches provide promising results in terms of recognition performance, coping with the uncertainty of observations, and model size explosion when complex problems are modelled. But experience has shown that it is not always intuitive to model even seemingly simple problems. To date, there are no guidelines for developing such models. To address this problem, in this work we present a development process for building symbolic models that is based on experience acquired so far as well as on existing engineering and data analysis workflows. The proposed process is a first attempt at providing structured guidelines and practices for designing, modelling, and evaluating human behaviour in the form of symbolic models for AR. As an illustration of the process, a simple example from the office domain was developed. The process was evaluated in a comparative study of an intuitive process and the proposed process. The results showed a significant improvement over the intuitive process. Furthermore, the study participants reported greater ease of use and perceived effectiveness when following the proposed process. To evaluate the applicability of the process to more complex AR problems, it was applied to a problem from the kitchen domain. The results showed that following the proposed process yielded an average accuracy of 78%. The developed model outperformed state-of-the-art methods applied to the same dataset in previous work, and it performed comparably to a symbolic model developed by a model expert without following the proposed development process.
Oxidative stress and antioxidants in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants subjected to boron toxicity.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Boron (B) toxicity triggers the formation of reactive oxygen species in plant tissues. However, there is still a lack of knowledge as to how B toxicity affects the plant antioxidant defence system. It has been suggested that ascorbate could be important against B stress, although existing information is limited in this respect. The objective of this study was to analyse how ascorbate and some other components of the antioxidant network respond to B toxicity. METHODS Two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars ('Kosaco' and 'Josefina') were subjected to 0.05 (control), 0.5 and 2 mm B. The following were studied in leaves: dry weight; relative leaf growth rate; total and free B; H(2)O(2); malondialdehyde; ascorbate; glutathione; sugars; total non-enzymatic antioxidant activity, and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate oxidase and l-galactose dehydrogenase. KEY RESULTS The B-toxicity treatments diminished growth and boosted the amount of B, malondialdehyde and H(2)O(2) in the leaves of the two cultivars, these trends being more pronounced in 'Josefina' than in 'Kosaco'. B toxicity increased ascorbate concentration in both cultivars and increased glutathione only in 'Kosaco'. Activities of antioxidant- and ascorbate-metabolizing enzymes were also induced. CONCLUSIONS High B concentration in the culture medium provokes oxidative damage in tomato leaves and induces a general increase in antioxidant enzyme activity. In particular, B toxicity increased ascorbate pool size. It also increased the activity of l-galactose dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in ascorbate biosynthesis, and the activity of enzymes of the Halliwell-Asada cycle. This work therefore provides a starting point towards a better understanding of the role of ascorbate in the plant response against B stress.
The Relationship Between Childhood and Adult Attention-Deficit–Hyperactivity Disorder and General Psychopathological Features in Individuals Who Apply for Bariatric Surgery

Background: The relationship between obesity and attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is shown in recent studies. In our study, we have analyzed the relationship between childhood and adulthood (ADHD) and general psychopathological features in morbidly obese individuals who have applied for bariatric surgery. Methods: One hundred seventy-seven morbidly obese patients (body mass index ≥40) who have been referred for bariatric surgery volunteered to participate in the study. The average age of the participants is 36.60 ± 8.46, and 143 of them are female and 34 are male. All volunteers filled the Wender Utah Rating Scale short version (WURS-25), Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-11), and Symptom Check List (SCL-90) tests. Results: The ADHD rate in morbidly obese individuals was 19.20%. Also, we found that in morbidly obese individuals who applied for bariatric surgery, adult and childhood ADHD were highly related to psychopathological (somatization, obsessive compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity.
Landing on Venus : Past and future

We briefly describe the history of landings on Venus, the acquired geochemical data and their potential petrologic interpretations. We suggest a new approach to Venus landing site selection that would avoid the potential contamination by ejecta from upwind impact craters. We also describe candidate units to be sampled in both in situ measurement and sample return missions. For the in situ measurements, the ‘‘true’’ tessera terrain (tt) material is considered as the highest priority goal with the second priority given to transitional tessera terrain (ttt), shield plains (psh) and lobate plains (pl) materials. For the sample return mission, the material of regional plains with wrinkle ridges (pwr) is considered as the highest priority goal with the second priority given to tessera terrain (tt) material. Combining the desire to study materials of specific geologic units with the problem of avoiding potential contamination by ejecta from upwind impact craters, we have suggested several candidate landing sites for each of the geologic units. Although spacecraft ballistics and other constraints of specific mission profiles (VEP or others) may lead to the selection of different candidate sites, we believe that the approaches outlined in this paper can be helpful approach in optimizing mission science return. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Border Games in Cellular Networks

In each country today, cellular networks operate on carefully separated frequency bands. This separation is imposed by the regulators of the given country to avoid interference between these networks. But, the separation is only valid within the borders of a country, hence the operators are left on their own to resolve cross-border interference of their cellular networks. In this paper, we focus on the scenario of two operators, each located on one side of the border. We assume that they want to fine-tune the emitting power of the pilot signals (i.e., beacon signals) of their base stations. This operation is crucial, because the pilot signal power determines the number of users they can attract and hence the revenue they can obtain. In the case of no power costs, we show that there exists a motivation for the operators to be strategic, meaning to fine-tune the pilot signal powers of their base stations. In addition, we study Nash equilibrium conditions in an empirical model and investigate the efficiency of the Nash equilibria for different user densities. Finally, we modify our game model to take power costs into account. The game with power costs corresponds to the well-known prisoner's dilemma: The players are still motivated to adjust their pilot powers, but their strategic behavior leads to a sub-optimal Nash equilibrium.
Are validated outcome measures used in distal radial fractures truly valid?

Objectives Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are often used to evaluate the outcome of treatment in patients with distal radial fractures. Which PROM to select is often based on assessment of measurement properties, such as validity and reliability. Measurement properties are assessed in clinimetric studies, and results are often reviewed without considering the methodological quality of these studies. Our aim was to systematically review the methodological quality of clinimetric studies that evaluated measurement properties of PROMs used in patients with distal radial fractures, and to make recommendations for the selection of PROMs based on the level of evidence of each individual measurement property. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, EMbase, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases to identify relevant clinimetric studies. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of the studies on measurement properties, using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. Level of evidence (strong / moderate / limited / lacking) for each measurement property per PROM was determined by combining the methodological quality and the results of the different clinimetric studies. Results In all, 19 out of 1508 identified unique studies were included, in which 12 PROMs were rated. The Patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) and the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH) were evaluated on most measurement properties. The evidence for the PRWE is moderate that its reliability, validity (content and hypothesis testing), and responsiveness are good. The evidence is limited that its internal consistency and cross-cultural validity are good, and its measurement error is acceptable. There is no evidence for its structural and criterion validity. The evidence for the DASH is moderate that its responsiveness is good. The evidence is limited that its reliability and the validity on hypothesis testing are good. There is no evidence for the other measurement properties. Conclusion According to this systematic review, there is, at best, moderate evidence that the responsiveness of the PRWE and DASH are good, as are the reliability and validity of the PRWE. We recommend these PROMs in clinical studies in patients with distal radial fractures; however, more clinimetric studies of higher methodological quality are needed to adequately determine the other measurement properties. Cite this article: Dr Y. V. Kleinlugtenbelt. Are validated outcome measures used in distal radial fractures truly valid? : A critical assessment using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:153–161. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.54. 2000462.
An unbiased scattering function estimator for fast time-varying channels

We propose an unbiased, computationally efficient estimator of the scattering function that is specifically suited to underspread WSSUS channels. The novel estimator allows for nonideal sounding signals, fast time-variation, and on-line operation during data transmission. Its good performance is assessed by a bias/variance analysis and simulation results.
A Quantitative Study of Firewall Configuration Errors

The protection that firewalls provide is only as good as the policy they are configured to implement. Analysis of real configuration data show that corporate firewalls are often enforcing rule sets that violate well established security guidelines. Firewalls are the cornerstone of corporate intranet security. Once a company acquires a firewall, a systems administrator must configure and manage it according to a security policy that meets the company's needs. Configuration is a crucial task, probably the most important factor in the security a firewall provides.
Secure Multiplex Coding Attaining Channel Capacity in Wiretap Channels

It is known that a message can be transmitted safely against any wiretapper via a noisy channel without a secret key if the coding rate is less than the so-called secrecy capacity CS, which is usually smaller than the channel capacity C. In order to remove the loss C-CS, we propose a multiplex coding scheme with plural independent messages. In this paper, it is shown that the proposed multiplex coding scheme can attain the channel capacity as the total rate of the plural messages and the perfect secrecy for each massage. Several bounds of achievable multiplex coding rate region are derived for general wiretap channels in the sense of information-spectral methods, by extending Hayashi's proof, in which the coding of the channel resolvability is applied to wiretap channels. Furthermore, the exact region for deterministic coding is determined for stationary memoryless full-rank wiretap channels.
Navigation via Semantic Analysis

In this paper we describe our approach to bring together linguistic semantics and the Semantic Web. We briefly explore the history and applications of the Semantic Web, then shift our focus to the area of online text — specifically, in the form of blogs. We describe a plugin we made for the widely used blogging platform Wordpress that analyzes the semantic relationships between different blog posts and creates a graph-based interface to visualize their relationships. This enables blog readers to access topics by semantic relations rather than the traditional form of chronological order, and accomplishes this in an automated fashion rather than manual tagging.
A-SMART: An Advanced Controlled-Flooding Routing with Group Structures for Delay Tolerant Networks

Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) is a network in which end-to-end connectivity may not be guaranteed because of the frequent and long duration partitions. SMART routing, which is a selective controlled-flooding scheme, utilizes travel companions of the destinations and improves the delivery opportunities, but its flooding overhead can be further controlled. In this paper, we propose A-SMART routing which combines the companion features and ANYCAST forwarding-based scheme, it is aimed at further flooding control. Our study shows that A-SMART has a better performance than the selective controlled-flooding in terms of message delivery ratio and overhead ratio. In A-SMART routing, the reliability increases while the number of messages propagated decreases.
Controlling study of D-STATCOM based on reinforcement learning adaptive PID

Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) is a shunt compensation device which is generally used to solve power quality problems in distribution systems $$ In distribution power system, these power quality problems mainly arise due to the pulsed loads, which causes the degradation of the entire system performance. The control strategy of DSTATCOM plays an important role to meet the objectives. A novel adaptive control strategy for the DSTATCOM is based on the Reinforcement Learning Adaptive PID (RLA-PID). With this control method, the compensator can stabilize the PCC voltage around a prescribed value. A distributes power system is developed in MATLBA environment, the validity of the method proposed is verified.
Constrained Semantic Forests for Improved Discriminative Semantic Parsing

In this paper, we present a model for improved discriminative semantic parsing. The model addresses an important limitation associated with our previous stateof-the-art discriminative semantic parsing model – the relaxed hybrid tree model by introducing our constrained semantic forests. We show that our model is able to yield new state-of-the-art results on standard datasets even with simpler features. Our system is available for download from http://statnlp.org/research/sp/.
CEP course ” New Trends in Nonlinear Control ” , IIT Bombay Theory of Port-Hamiltonian systems Chapter 2 : Control of Port-Hamiltonian systems

Port-based network modeling of physical systems directly leads to their representation as portHamiltonian systems. Key feature of port-Hamiltonian systems is that the power-conserving interconnection of port-Hamiltonian systems results in another port-Hamiltonian system, with total state space the product of the state spaces of the components, total Hamiltonian being the sum of the Hamiltonian functions, and with Dirac structure defined by the composition of the Dirac structures of the subsystems. In this way port-Hamiltonian systems serve as a unified framework for the modeling and analysis of complex physical systems consisting of many components from different physical domains, finiteor infinite-dimensional. We discuss in this chapter a number of approaches to exploit the model structure of port-Hamiltonian systems for control purposes. Actually, the formulation of physical control systems as port-Hamiltonian systems may lead in some cases to a re-thinking of standard control paradigms. Indeed, it opens up the way to formulate control problems in a way that is different and perhaps broader than usual. For example, formulating physical systems as portHamiltonian systems naturally leads to the consideration of ’impedance’ control problems, where the behavior of the system at the interaction port is sought to be shaped by the addition of a controller system, and it suggests ’energy-transfer ’ strategies, where the energy is transferred from one part the system to another. Furthermore, it leads to the investigation of a particular type of dynamic controllers, namely those that can be also represented as port-Hamiltonian systems and that are attached to the given plant system in the same way as a physical system is interconnected to another physical system. As an application of this strategy of ’control by interconnection’ within the port-Hamiltonian setting we consider the problem of (asymptotic) stabilization of a desired equilibrium by shaping the Hamiltonian into a Lyapunov function for this equilibrium. From a mathematical point of view we will show that the mathematical formalism of port-Hamiltonian systems provides various useful techniques, ranging from Casimir functions, ∗Department of Mathematics, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands, a.j.van.der. schaft@math.rug. nl
Human computer interface design for neonatal intensive care with data mining

Neonatal Intensive care Unit (NICU) is capable of caring newborns and premature babies during their first four weeks of life. This could help to improve child mortality rate because 41% of all child death is reported during their neonatal period. Hence, a state of art modern Neonatal Intensive Care Unit is a prime need of any nation in order to improve child health and subsequently for socio economic development of a country like India. A Neonatal Intensive care Unit (NICU) consist multiple life saving machines which are continuously recording vital parameters of neonates and generating vast data at very high frequency. A context aware based timely monitoring of such systems is a crucial task which could able to help medical experts for efficient decision making. Considering multiple vital parameters and taking decision in a real time situation could be more improved by having efficient decision support system based on strong human computer interaction. In this present research work a human computer interface for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit has been proposed which utilizes Support Vector Machine to classify the health condition of neonates. A prognostic Index has been proposed which could be calculated on the basis of seven important vital parameters. Based on the value of Prognostic Index clinical rules may be identified to initiate alarms about the neonate health condition.
Characteristics and production processes

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Dynamic effects of ad impressions on commercial actions in display advertising

In this paper, we develop a time series approach, based on Dynamic Linear Models (DLM), to estimate the impact of ad impressions on the daily number of commercial actions when no user tracking is possible. The proposed method uses aggregate data, and hence it is simple to implement without expensive infrastructure. Specifically, we model the impact of daily number of ad impressions in daily number of commercial actions. We incorporate persistence of campaign effects on actions assuming a decay factor. We relax the assumption of a linear impact of ads on actions using the log-transformation. We also account for outliers with long-tailed distributions fitted and estimated automatically without a pre-defined threshold. This is applied to observational data post-campaign and does not require an experimental set-up. We apply the method to data from one commercial ad network on 2,885 campaigns for 1,251 products during six months, to calibrate and perform model selection. We set up a randomized experiment for two campaigns where user tracking is feasible. We find that the output of the proposed method is consistent with the results of A/B testing with similar confidence intervals.
MicroRNAs in development and disease

Since the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in Caenorhabditis elegans, mounting evidence illustrates the important regulatory roles for miRNAs in various developmental, differentiation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis pathways of diverse organisms. We are just beginning to elucidate novel aspects of RNA mediated gene regulation and to understand how heavily various molecular pathways rely on miRNAs for their normal function. miRNAs are small non‐protein‐coding transcripts that regulate gene expression post‐transcriptionally by targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs). While individual miRNAs have been specifically linked to critical developmental pathways, the deregulated expression of many miRNAs also has been shown to have functional significance for multiple human diseases, such as cancer. We continue to discover novel functional roles for miRNAs at a rapid pace. Here, we summarize some of the key recent findings on miRNAs, their mode of action, and their roles in both normal development and in human pathology. A better understanding of how miRNAs operate during the normal life of a cell as well as in the pathogenesis of disease when deregulated will provide new avenues for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications.
Maturation of dendritic cells by pullulan promotes anti-cancer effect

Previous studies have demonstrated that pullulan, a polysaccharide purified from Aureobasidium pullulans, has immune-stimulatory effects on T and B cells. Moreover, pullulan has been used as a carrier in the delivery of the antigen (Ag) peptide to lymphoid tissues. However, the in vivo effect of pullulan on dendritic cells (DC) has not been well characterized. In this study, we assessed the effect of pullulan on DC activation and anti-cancer immunity. The results showed that the pullulan treatment up-regulated co-stimulatory molecule expression and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDC) in vitro and in spleen DCs in vivo. Moreover, the combination of ovalbumin (OVA) and pullulan induced OVA antigen-specific T cell activations in vivo. In tumor-bearing mice, pullulan induced the maturation of DCs in spleen and tumor draining lymph node (drLN), and promoted the OVA-specific T cell activation and migration of the T cells into the tumor. In addition, the combination of OVA and pullulan inhibited B16-OVA tumor growth and liver metastasis. The combination of tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2) peptide and pullulan treatment also suppressed B16 melanoma growth. Thus, the results demonstrated that pullulan enhanced DC maturation and function, and it acted as an adjuvant in promoting Ag-specific immune responses in mice. Thus, pullulan could be a new and useful adjuvant for use in therapeutic cancer vaccines.