Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formation of intracellular glutamine synthetase bodies depends strongly upon cellular age and glucose availability

23 The enzyme glutamine synthetase serves key roles in central nitrogen metabolism, catalyzing the 24 biosynthesis of glutamine, as well as regulating ammonia assimilation and integrating metabolic 25 signals to balance nitrogen use. The budding yeast enzyme was recently found to form 26 intracellular bodies (GS bodies) composed of glutamine synthetase and Hsp90 chaperones 27 following various types of nutrient depletion or chemical stress. In order to better quantify and 28 characterize the in vivo formation of GS bodies, we developed an assay for their formation in 29 single yeast cells using imaging flow cytometry, which enables the quantitative measurement of 30 rates of GS body formation and their population penetrance. Either reduction of supplied 31 glucose, or addition of the competitive inhibitor of glycolysis, 2deoxyglucose, markedly 32 enhanced the formation of GS bodies. The occurrence of GS bodies increased with increasing 33 cell size, a proxy for cell age, while treatment with rapamycin antagonized their formation. 34 Direct measurement of GS body formation as a function of replicative age showed that mother 35 cells exhibited a significantly higher incidence of GS bodies than daughter cells, and the 36 frequency of GS body formation increased with increasing replicative cell age. Thus, we find 37 that yeast glutamine synthetase bodies form in a manner strongly dependent on available glucose 38 and increase markedly with cell age. 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 PeerJ PrePrints | http://dx.doi. org/10.7287/peerj.preprints. 270v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | received: 4 Mar 2014, published: 4 Mar 2014 P re P rin ts
An Alternative Perspective to Norm-Based Explanations of Modeling and Children's Generosity: A Reply to Lipscomb, Larrieu, McAllister, and Bregman.

In their study, Lipscomb, Larrieu, McAllister, and Bregman (Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1982, 28, 275-282) argue that young children were influenced by selfish and generous models because these children did not yet accept altruistic social norms, while older children were unaffected by models because these children accepted and relied on social norms. An alternative explanation for these findings would suggest that, while both young and old children may ac cept social norms (i.e. "One should help those in need"), young children are not yet aware of where, when, and what helping behavior is appropriate, and thus young children may accept the model's behavior as a definition of the ap propriateness of altruism, not as a substitute for internal beliefs. Older children with more experience and social competence need not rely on the model's behavior; they easily recognize a situation in which altruism is appropriate. Suggestions are advanced concerning future research which may provide evi dence supporting one of these two explanations for the differential age effects of modeling in children's altruism.
Epilepsy Care in Zambia: A Study of Traditional Healers

Summary: Purpose: Most people with epilepsy (PWE) reside in developing countries with limited access to medical care. In sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), traditional healers (THs) play a prominent role in caring for PWE, yet little is known about epilepsy care by THs. We conducted a multimethod, qualitative study to better understand the epilepsy care delivered by THs in Zambia.
Linkage analysis of candidate genes as susceptibility loci for osteoarthritis-suggestive linkage of COL9A1 to female hip osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE To examine 11 candidate genes as susceptibility loci for osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS A total of 481 families have been ascertained in which at least two siblings have had joint replacement surgery of the hip, or knee, or hip and knee for idiopathic OA. Each candidate gene was targeted using one or more intragenic or closely linked microsatellite marker. The linkage data were analysed unstratified and following stratification by sex and by joint replaced (hip or knee). RESULTS The analyses revealed suggestive linkage of the type IX collagen gene COL9A1 (6q12-q13) to a subset of 132 families that contained affected females who were concordant for hip OA (female-hip) with a P-value of 0.00053 and logarithm of the odds (LOD) score of 2.33 [corrected P-value of 0. 0016, corrected LOD score of 1.85]. CONCLUSIONS COL9A1 may therefore be a susceptibility locus for female hip OA. In addition, there was weak evidence of linkage to HLA/COL11A2 (6p21.3) in female hip OA with a corrected P-value of 0.016.
Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation in Infants and Small Children: Are Partial Grafts Riskier Than Whole Organs?

Infants have the highest wait‐list mortality of all liver transplant candidates. Although previous studies have demonstrated that young children may be at increased risk when they receive partial grafts from adult and adolescent deceased donors (DDs), with few size‐matched organs available, these grafts have increasingly been used to expand the pediatric donor pool. We aimed to determine the current adjusted risks of graft failure and mortality in young pediatric recipients of partial DD livers and to determine whether these risks have changed over time. We analyzed 2683 first‐time recipients of DD livers alone under the age of 24 months in the United Network for Organ Sharing database (1995‐2010), which included 1118 partial DD livers and 1565 whole DD organs. Transplant factors associated with graft loss in bivariate analyses (P < 0.1) were included in multivariate proportional hazards models of graft and patient survival. Interaction analysis was used to examine risks over time (1995‐2000, 2001‐2005, and 2006‐2010). Although there were significant differences in crude graft survival by the graft type in 1995‐2000 (P < 0.001), graft survival rates with partial and whole grafts were comparable in 2001‐2005 (P = 0.43) and 2006‐2010 (P = 0.36). Furthermore, although the adjusted hazards for partial graft failure and mortality were 1.40 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05‐1.89] and 1.41 (95% CI = 0.95‐2.09), respectively, in 1995‐2000, the adjusted risks of graft failure and mortality were comparable for partial and whole organs in 2006‐2010 [hazard ratio (HR) for graft failure = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.56‐1.18; HR for mortality = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.66‐1.71]. In conclusion, partial DD liver transplantation has become less risky over time and now has outcomes comparable to those of whole liver transplantation for infants and young children. This study supports the use of partial DD liver grafts in young children in an attempt to significantly increase the pediatric organ pool. Liver Transpl 19:721–729, 2013. © 2013 AASLD.
The Psychology of Evidence and Trial Procedure

Preface - Saul M Kassin and Lawrence S Wrightsman PART ONE: INTRODUCTION The Evidence and Trial Procedure - Wallace D Loh The Law, Social Policy, and Psychological Research PART TWO: EVIDENCE The Eyewitness - Gary L Wells Confession Evidence - Saul M Kassin and Lawrence S Wrightsman The Probity of the Polygraph - David T Lykken The Defendant's Testimony - David R Shaffer Character Testimony - Martin F Kaplan Survey and Field Experimental Evidence - Jacob Jacoby Expert Psychological Testimony - Edith Greene, Jonathan W Schooler, and Elizabeth F Loftus PART THREE: TRIAL PROCEDURE Opening and Closing Statements - E Allan Lind and Gina Y Ke Questioning Witnesses - Elizabeth F Loftus and Jane Goodman Jury Instructions - Amiram Elwork and Bruce D Sales Issues in Trial Management - Gordon Bermant Conducting the Voir Dire Examination PART FOUR: CONCLUSIONS AND CONTROVERSIES The Evidence on Evidence - Peter W Sperlich Science and Law in Conflict and Cooperation
Response Generation Based on Hierarchical Semantic Structure with POMDP Re-ranking for Conversational Dialogue Systems

Conversational spoken dialogue systems can assist individuals to communicate with machine to obtain relevant information to their problems efficiently and effectively. By referring to relevant response, individuals can understand how to interact with an intelligent system according to recommendations of dialogue systems. This work presents a response generation based on hierarchical semantic structure with POMDP Re-ranking for conversational dialogue systems to achieve this aim. The hierarchical semantic structure incorporates the historical information according to dialogue discourse to keep more than one possible values for each slot. According to the status of concept graph, the candidate sentences are generated. The near optimal response selected by POMDP Re-ranking strategy to achieve human-like communication. The MOS and recall/precision rates are considered as the criterion for evaluations. Finally, the proposed method is adopted for dialogue system in travel domain, and indicates its superiority in information retrieval over traditional approaches.
Failure-Tolerant Transaction Routing at Large Scale

Emerging Web2.0 applications such as virtual worlds or social networking websites strongly differ from usual OLTP applications. First, the transactions are encapsulated in an API such that it is possible to know which data a transaction will access, before processing it. Second, the simultaneous transactions are very often commutative since they access distinct data. Anticipating that the workload of such applications will quickly reach thousands of transactions per seconds, we envision a novel solution that would allow these applications to scale-up without the need to buy expensive resources at a data center. To this end, databases are replicated over a P2P infrastructure for achieving high availability and fast transaction processing thanks to parallelism. However, achieving both fast and consistent data access on such architectures is challenging at many points. In particular, centralized control is prohibited because of its vulnerability and lack of efficiency at large scale. Moreover dynamic behavior of nodes, which can join and leave the system at anytime and frequently, can compromise mutual consistency. In this article, we propose a failure-tolerant solution for the distributed control of transaction routing in a large scale network. We leverage a fully distributed approach relying on a DHT to handle routing metadata, with a suitable failure management mechanism that handles nodes dynamicity and nodes failures. Moreover, we demonstrate the feasibility of our transaction routing implementation through experimentation and the effectiveness of our failure management approach through simulation.
A more efficient approximation scheme for tree alignment

We present a new polynomial time approximation scheme (PTAS) for tree alignment, which is an important variant of multiple sequence alignment. As in the existing PTASs in the literature, the basic approach of our algorithm is to partition the given tree into overlapping components of a constant size and then apply local optimization on each such component. But the new algorithm uses a clever partitioning strategy and achieves a better efficiency for the same performance ratio. For example, to achieve approximation ratios 1.6 and 1.5, the best existing PTAS has to spend time O(kdn5) and O(kdn9), respectively, where n is the length of each leaf sequence and d,k are the depth and number of leaves of the tree, while the new PTAS only has to spend time O(kdn4) and O(kdn5). Moreover, the performance of the PTAS is more sensitive to the size of the components, which basically determines the running time, and we obtain an improved approximation ratio for each size. Some experiments of the algorithm on simulated and real data are also given.
Interactions of the Complement System with Native and Chemically Modified Endotoxins

Endotoxic lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from Serratia marcescens, Veillonella alcalescens, and Salmonella typhosa were potent in their ability to induce fixation of complement (C′) in normal guinea pig, rabbit, mouse, and human serum. The C′-fixing ability of LPS was pronounced even when assays were performed in undiluted serum, and was lost after each of four chemical modifications which resulted in loss of biological toxicities. The detoxification procedures had in common the cleavage of ester-bound, long-chain carboxylic acids. The ability of biologically active LPS to fix C′ in normal guinea pig serum was reflected chiefly in dramatic uptake of classical C′3 (C′3t); fixation of C′1, C′4, and C′2 was virtually undetectable. Hence, it was the capacity for fixation of C′3t which was lost most overtly during detoxification. Addition of immune serum to the assay mixtures resulted in detectable fixation of C′1 and C′4. Biologically active LPS also fixed more of these components than did detoxified LPS. Immune serum restored the ability of detoxified LPS to fix C′3t, but whether this is by the original pathway is not yet clear. We concluded that the loss of certain biological activities and the loss of ability to fix C′3t in normal serum after LPS detoxification involved loss or rearrangement of substrates on LPS which either initiated or supported, or both, its interaction with the complement system. It was apparent that the ability to fix C′ can serve as a valuable in vitro indicator of the integrity of the toxic conformation of biologically active LPS membrane fragments. These experiments supported the hypothesis that certain of the biological activities induced by endotoxins are mediated via the complement system.
IDENTIFICATION OF DIRECTIONALLY SELECTIVE MOTION-DETECTING NEURONES IN THE LOCUST LOBULA AND THEIR SYNAPTIC CONNECTIONS WITH AN IDENTIFIED DESCENDING NEURONE

The anatomy and physiology of two directionally selective motion-detecting neurones in the locust are described. Both neurones had dendrites in the lobula, and projected to the ipsilateral protocerebrum. Their cell bodies were located on the posterio-dorsal junction of the optic lobe with the protocerebrum. The neurones were sensitive to horizontal motion of a visual stimulus. One neurone, LDSMD(F), had a preferred direction forwards over the ipsilateral eye, and a null direction backwards. The other neurone, LDSMD(B), had a preferred direction backwards over the ipsilateral eye 1. 1. Motion in the preferred direction caused EPSPs and spikes in the LDSMD neurones. Motion in the null direction resulted in IPSPs 2. 2. Both excitatory and inhibitory inputs were derived from the ipsilateral eye 3. 3. The DSMD neurones responded to velocities of movement up to and beyond 270°s−1 4. 4. The response of both LDSMD neurones showed no evidence of adaptation during maintained apparent or real movement 5. 5. There was a delay of 60–80 ms between a single step of apparent movement, either the preferred or the null direction, and the start of the response 6. 6. There was a monosynaptic, excitatory connection between the LDSMD(B) neurone and the protocerebral, descending DSMD neurone (PDDSMD) identified in the preceding paper (Rind, 1990). At resting membrane potential, a single presynaptic spike did not give rise to a spike in the postsynaptic neurone
On the adequacy of graph rewriting for simulating term rewriting

Several authors have investigated the correspondence between graph rewriting and term rewriting. Almost invariably they have considered only acyclic graphs. Yet cyclic graphs naturally arise from certain optimizations in implementing functional languages. They correspond to infinite terms, and their reductions correspond to transfinite term-reduction sequences, which have recently received detailed attention. We formalize the close correspondence between finitary cyclic graph rewriting and a restricted form of infinitary term rewriting, called rational term rewriting. This subsumes the known relation between finitary acyclic graph rewriting and finitary term rewriting. Surprisingly, the correspondence breaks down for general infinitary rewriting
Supporting the IoT over Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks Using Information-Centric Networking

We investigate the control and data message overhead when the IoT is supported over an integrated satellite-terrestrial network based on Information-Centric Networking (ICN). We consider a scenario where IoT sensor networks are connected via LEO satellites and present three optimization models: polling and data aggregation at a proxy, confidential data transfer using a single proxy, and individual proxy for each IoT node. The three models are implemented in an integrated ICN testbed that consists of a Publish-Subscribe Internet (PSI) prototype and the OpenSAND satellite emulation. The experimental results show that the optimization models, utilizing PSI's mechanisms, can significantly reduce the satellite traffic load while supporting different levels of security.
A 9-valent HPV vaccine against infection and intraepithelial neoplasia in women.

BACKGROUND The investigational 9-valent viruslike particle vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) includes the HPV types in the quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine (6, 11, 16, and 18) and five additional oncogenic types (31, 33, 45, 52, and 58). Here we present the results of a study of the efficacy and immunogenicity of the 9vHPV vaccine in women 16 to 26 years of age. METHODS We performed a randomized, international, double-blind, phase 2b-3 study of the 9vHPV vaccine in 14,215 women. Participants received the 9vHPV vaccine or the qHPV vaccine in a series of three intramuscular injections on day 1 and at months 2 and 6. Serum was collected for analysis of antibody responses. Swabs of labial, vulvar, perineal, perianal, endocervical, and ectocervical tissue were obtained and used for HPV DNA testing, and liquid-based cytologic testing (Papanicolaou testing) was performed regularly. Tissue obtained by means of biopsy or as part of definitive therapy (including a loop electrosurgical excision procedure and conization) was tested for HPV. RESULTS The rate of high-grade cervical, vulvar, or vaginal disease irrespective of HPV type (i.e., disease caused by HPV types included in the 9vHPV vaccine and those not included) in the modified intention-to-treat population (which included participants with and those without prevalent infection or disease) was 14.0 per 1000 person-years in both vaccine groups. The rate of high-grade cervical, vulvar, or vaginal disease related to HPV-31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 in a prespecified per-protocol efficacy population (susceptible population) was 0.1 per 1000 person-years in the 9vHPV group and 1.6 per 1000 person-years in the qHPV group (efficacy of the 9vHPV vaccine, 96.7%; 95% confidence interval, 80.9 to 99.8). Antibody responses to HPV-6, 11, 16, and 18 were noninferior to those generated by the qHPV vaccine. Adverse events related to injection site were more common in the 9vHPV group than in the qHPV group. CONCLUSIONS The 9vHPV vaccine prevented infection and disease related to HPV-31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 in a susceptible population and generated an antibody response to HPV-6, 11, 16, and 18 that was noninferior to that generated by the qHPV vaccine. The 9vHPV vaccine did not prevent infection and disease related to HPV types beyond the nine types covered by the vaccine. (Funded by Merck; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00543543).
Anomaly detection in complex trading systems

System availability is one of the major requirements expected from systems in the trading domain. In order to prevent system outages that can deteriorate system availability, anomaly detection must be able to assess the status of the system and detect anomalies that can lead to failures on a real-time basis. This paper presents a framework for anomaly detection for complex trading systems based on supervised learning approaches. Multiple feature reduction techniques were experimented with, in order to eliminate the noisy features that were initially derived from the system parameters. A classification technique based on Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel Support Vector Machine (SVM) along with a feature selection technique built on a tree-based ensemble displayed the most promising results.
Symbolic analysis of immittance inverters

— This paper presents a unified symbolic analysis of immittance inverters and revisits their realizations with lumped and/or distributed elements. Various equivalent realizations are symbolically analyzed with Mathematica to generate the exact representation by means of the ABCD parameters. Matrix representation of an immittance inverter is used to get better insight into its operation when used as a building block in bandpass or bandstop filter design.
The Role of Perceived Collective Anger and Fear on Policy Support in Response to Terrorist Threat

THE ROLE OF PERCEIVED COLLECTIVE ANGER AND FEAR ON POLICY SUPPORT IN RESPONSE TO TERRORIST THREAT FEBRUARY 2010 JAESHIN KIM, B.A., KOREA UNIVERSITY M.A., KOREA UNIVERSITY Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Linda R. Tropp The current research investigates how the perceived emotional responses of a majority of Americans to 9/11 (i.e., collective anger and fear) affect individuals’ support for governmental policies, in particular, military intervention, anti-immigration policy, and restricting civil liberties. Study 1 found that perceived collective anger was associated with support for military intervention and anti-immigration policy, and that those effects of perceived collective anger on policy support were significantly driven by individuals’ own anger. Study 2 showed that experimentally manipulated collective anger (i.e., exposure to the majority’s anger relative to the minority’s anger) had marginal effects on support for anti-immigration policy and restricting civil liberties, and individuals’ own anger mediated the marginal effect of collective anger on support for restricting civil liberties. Participants exposed to either the majority’s or minority’s fear supported antiimmigration policy and restricting civil liberties as strongly as did those exposed to the majority’s anger. Implications and limitations of these findings were discussed.
Developmental genetic aspects of schizophrenia, neuregulin-1, and cognition

Recent work suggests potentially promising relationships between sequence variation in Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) and both schizophrenia and neurocognitive function. Cognitive deficits are very common in schizophrenia and have been shown to be familial in nature. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that cognitive deficits may be related to variation in NRG1 in an age-dependent manner during adolescence and adulthood, thus providing a possible mechanism by which NRG1 could act as a late neurodevelopmental susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. This question was examined using individuals from 39 multigenerational multiplex families, including 58 affected participants and 361 unaffected relatives aged 15-85 years. Participants were genotyped for 36 NRG1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with schizophrenia. Participants completed diagnostic interviews and a computerized neurocognitive battery that assessed eight cognitive domains. Pedigree-based variance component analyses were performed to estimate the main effects of age and individual SNPs, and the interactions between age and SNPs in predicting cognition for each domain. There were multiple nominally significant NRG1 x age interactions across several domains and markers, although few remained significant after modified Bonferroni correction. Overall, this study suggests a potential role of NRG1 x age interactions in cognitive performance within multiplex families with schizophrenia, especially within the domains of Emotional Processing, Abstraction/Mental Flexibility, Attention, and Sensorimotor Dexterity and the NRG1 markers SNP8NRG221132, SNP8NRG221533/rs35753505, rs776401, and rs1473438 that warrants further investigation.