Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased metabolic muscle fatigue is caused by some but not all mitochondrial mutations.

CONTEXT Excessive muscle fatigue occurs in patients with a mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (MEM), but it is also a frequent problem in patients with other neuromuscular disorders (ONMD). OBJECTIVE To determine whether, and to what extent, metabolic muscle fatigue specifically occurs in patients with an MEM. DESIGN Metabolic muscle fatigue was assessed in a series of 21 patients with an MEM, including 13 patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and 8 patients with various mitochondrial point mutations; 27 patients with ONMD; and 25 healthy controls. Isometric twitch force of the ankle dorsiflexors was measured after supramaximal stimulation of peroneal nerves. Six trains of stimuli (of 1 minute's duration with rates from 0.2 to 5 stimuli per second) were given to each subject. RESULTS An abnormal decrement of the twitch amplitude that occurred during a stimulation train was found in patients with MEM and in those with ONMD. The decrement of the twitch amplitude of controls and of patients with ONMD was strongly influenced by their muscle force (P<.001). After subtraction of the influence of the muscle force, specific fatigue was notably higher in patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia than in patients with ONMD and in controls, and it correlated well with elevations of serum lactate. Specific fatigue was also abnormal in a patient with a mitochondrial G7497A mutation, but normal in patients with an A3243G or a G11778A mutation. The heteroplasmy of mitochondrial DNA in muscle correlated neither with the force measures nor with the serum lactate levels. CONCLUSIONS Generally, metabolic muscle fatigue accompanies muscular weakness. Specifically, some but not all mitochondrial mutations cause excessive metabolic muscle fatigue.
Against Division: Consciousness, Information and the Visual Streams

Abstract: Milner and Goodale’s influential account of the primate cortical visualstreams involves a division of consciousness between them, for it is the ventral streamthathastheresponsibilityforvisualconsciousness.Hence,thedorsalvisualstreamisa‘zombie’ stream. In this article, I argue that certain information carried by the dorsalstreamlikelyplaysacentralroleintheegocentricspatialcontentofexperience,especiallythe experience of visual spatial constancy. Thus, the dorsal stream contributes to apervasivefeatureofconsciousness. 1. Introduction SincetheseminalworkofMishkinandUngerleider(1982),thestandardpictureoftheprimatevisualsystemidentifiestwoseparatevisualstreamsemanatingfromearlycorticalvisualareas:a dorsalstream thatextendsintotheparietallobeanda ventral streamthatextendsintothetemporallobe(seeFigure1). UngerleiderandMishkinfurtherarguedthatthedorsalstreamservesspatialvision(‘where’)whiletheventralstreamservesobjectvision(‘what’). Subsequently,MilnerandGoodale(1995)advancedaninfluentialreconceptual-izationofthefunctionofthestreams:thedorsalstreamisforthedirectcontrolofmotoraction;theventralstreamisforperceptionwhichinformscognition.Whilemuchfocushasbeendirectedattheirclaimsaboutaction,Ifocusontheirclaimsaboutconsciousness.
A Note on Complexity of Traveling Tournament Problem

Sports league scheduling problems have gained considerable amount of attention in recent years due to its huge applications and challenges. Traveling Tournament problem, proposed by Trick et. al. (2001), is a problem of scheduling round robin leagues which minimizes the total travel distance maintaining some constraints on consecutive home and away matches. No good algorithm is known to tackle this problem. Many issues including complexity of the problem is open. In this article we show that traveling tournament problem without the constraint of consecutive home and away matches is NP-hard. We hope our technique will be useful in proving the hardness of original TTP.
A fast and robust 3D head pose and gaze estimation system

We developed a fast and robust head pose and gaze estimation system. This system can detect facial feature points and estimate 3D pose angles and gaze direction in various conditions including changes in facial expression, partial occlusion, etc. The system needs only one face image as input and doesn't need any special devices such as blinking LED or stereo camera. Moreover, no calibration process is needed. It shows 95% of head pose estimation accuracy and 81% of gaze estimation accuracy (when the error margin is 15 degrees). The processing time is approximately 15ms/frame (Pentium4 3.2 GHz). Acceptable range of facial pose is within +/- 60 degrees in yaw (left-right) and within +/- 30 degrees in pitch (up-down).
Accessing Imagined Communities Through Multilingualism and Immersion Education

In this article I apply constructs of language as economic and symbolic capital, transnationalism, investment, and imagined community to an analysis of interviews with immigrant parents living in Vancouver, Canada. These parents promote multilingualism by maintaining their family language and enrolling their children in French Immersion programmes. I argue that they view multilingualism as capital and invest in language education as a means of securing their children's access to various imagined language communities. Referring both to a transnational perspective and a national context of official bilingualism, they imagine that French Immersion education will enable their children to participate in a Canadian French-English bilingual community while maintaining the family language will ensure affiliation with their heritage language communities in Canada and abroad. In addition, they imagine that multilingualism will equip their children with valuable language resources that help transcend national borders. This discussion highlights the overlap and distinctions of theoretical constructs and raises questions about the objectives of language education and immersion programmes in an increasingly mobile and multilingual society.
Evolving Narratives about Childhood Sexual Abuse: Challenging the Dominance of the Victim and Survivor Paradigm

This research project explored the ongoing process of constructing a narrative, following childhood sexual abuse. Twenty-two men and women aged 25-70 were interviewed about their childhood sexual experiences with adults using narrative inquiry methodology. These experiences occurred in different social and historical contexts, when the theoretical understandings and treatment of the issue of child sexual abuse were significantly different from the present. Many factors made disclosure even more difficult then than it is now including: respect for authority; rigid gender roles; the taboo surrounding sexual issues; lack of supportive adults; and lack of language to describe what was happening. Participants told four differing narratives about their experiences: narratives of silence; narratives of ongoing suffering; narratives of transformation; and narratives of transcendence. These narratives were examined in relation to the changing social and historical context and the current dominance of the victim and survivor paradigm in the child sexual abuse literature.
Educational Credentialing of an Aging Workforce

This study investigates the educational attainment of an aging workforce from the perspective of educational credentialing. The research questions are defined as follows: Why are workers over age 50 attaining university degrees? How do they narratively construct the rational for pursuing well-recognized credentials in midlife? The specific focus is on Finnish professionals who pursued master’s degrees in their 50s. The basic motive for studying was to earn a recognized degree, which provides eligibility for professional jobs, validates past successes at work, and enables aging workers to maintain a good occupational position. At the same time, the interviewees questioned the power of educational credentials to define the status at work and in society at large. To prevent social exclusion of aging workers, it is necessary to question the normative faith on ever-increasing importance of educational credentials and address accompanying ageist practices.
Spam Mail Filtering through Dynamically Updating URL Statistics

This paper presents a unique spam mail filtering technique based on a deep analysis of statistics on URL’s included in various e-mails gathered from a laboratory in a university for about six months. Since the proposed mail filtering technique searches only URL’s in mail, the overhead introduced by searching all mail contents or black list utilized by many other mail filtering algorithms is significantly reduced. In addition, the proposed filtering technique dynamically updates URL list through client feedback, and the bias possibly introduced by selecting bad training mail set can be eliminated as the filtering process is progressed.
An Inquiry into the Factors Related to Creativity

Attempting the impossible is always an ambitious project. Writing a cogent article about creativity is within the realm of possibility; however, a definitive article has yet to be written. This article will be no exception. One problem is that researchers and educators do not know what creativity is. There are so many facets to this nebulous world that it seems to mean something different to every person. My contention is that "creativity" as a concept has been severely limited in context and meaning-all in the best interests of scholarship. Once a researcher decides what aspect of creativity to measure, the problem of how to measure it remains. Methodology which might produce a meaningful measure of creativity has been limited by the need of researchers to have subjects perform measurable tasks. Researchers can identify only what they can measure, and they measure only what they can quantify. Hence what becomes known as "creativity" is that which can be quantified. The result is an academic metonymy-an identification of one small part with the whole concept. In this article, I want to dispel some false notions about the nature of creativity, how it can be measured, and how it can be encouraged.
Annotation and Detection of Emotion in Text-based Dialogue Systems with CNN

Knowledge of users' emotion states helps improve human-computer interaction. In this work, we presented EmoNet, an emotion detector of Chinese daily dialogues based on deep convolutional neural networks. In order to maintain the original linguistic features, such as the order, commonly used methods like segmentation and keywords extraction were not adopted, instead we increased the depth of CNN and tried to let CNN learn inner linguistic relationships. Our main contribution is that we presented a new model and a new pipeline which can be used in multi-language environment to solve sentimental problems. Experimental results shows EmoNet has a great capacity in learning the emotion of dialogues and achieves a better result than other state of art detectors do.
Conceptualizing self‐monitoring: links to materialism and product involvement

The relationship of self‐monitoring to buying behavior and to the consumer’s value system is controversial and not well understood. The study examined the relationship between self‐monitoring, materialism, and involvement with clothing and brands among a sample of 387 young adults. Constructs were measured with Snyder’s Self‐Monitoring Scale, the Material Values Scale, the Consumer Involvement Profile, and a scale measuring market alienation. Self‐monitoring was positively related to materialism, to clothing involvement, and to interest in marketplace events and brands. Discusses implications for the meaning of self‐monitoring and the use of personality in explaining consumption behavior. Suggests implications for marketing strategy.
Human Papillomavirus Infection and the Multistage Carcinogenesis of Cervical Cancer

This short review outlines our understanding of cervical cancer precursors, concentrating on the central etiologic role of persistent human papillomavirus infection. The stages of cervical carcinogenesis are better understood than for most other major cancers, providing a successful cancer etiology and prevention model. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(4); 553–60. ©2013 AACR.
Association of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations with survival, chemotherapy sensitivity, and gene mutator phenotype in patients with ovarian cancer.

CONTEXT Attempts to determine the clinical significance of BRCA1/2 mutations in ovarian cancer have produced conflicting results. OBJECTIVE To determine the relationships between BRCA1/2 deficiency (ie, mutation and promoter hypermethylation) and overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), chemotherapy response, and whole-exome mutation rate in ovarian cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Observational study of multidimensional genomics and clinical data on 316 high-grade serous ovarian cancer cases that were made public between 2009 and 2010 via The Cancer Genome Atlas project. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES OS and PFS rates (primary outcomes) and chemotherapy response (secondary outcome). RESULTS BRCA2 mutations (29 cases) were associated with significantly better OS (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.33; 95% CI, 0.16-0.69; P = .003 and 5-year OS, 61% for BRCA2-mutated vs 25% for BRCA wild-type cases) and PFS (adjusted HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.22-0.74; P = .004 and 3-year PFS, 44% for BRCA2-mutated vs 16% for BRCA wild-type cases), whereas neither BRCA1 mutations (37 cases) nor BRCA1 methylation (33 cases) was associated with prognosis. Moreover, BRCA2 mutations were associated with a significantly higher primary chemotherapy sensitivity rate (100% for BRCA2-mutated vs 82% [P = .02] and 80% [P = .05] for BRCA wild-type and BRCA1-mutated cases, respectively) and longer platinum-free duration (median platinum-free duration, 18.0 months for BRCA2-mutated vs 11.7 [P = .02] and 12.5 [P = .04] months for BRCA wild-type and BRCA1-mutated cases, respectively). BRCA2-mutated, but not BRCA1-mutated cases, exhibited a "mutator phenotype" by containing significantly more mutations than BRCA wild-type cases across the whole exome (median mutation number per sample, 84 for BRCA2-mutated vs 52 for BRCA wild-type cases, false discovery rate <0.1). CONCLUSION Among women with high-grade serous ovarian cancer, BRCA2 mutation, but not BRCA1 deficiency, was associated with improved survival, improved chemotherapy response, and genome instability compared with BRCA wild-type.
The effect of long versus short pectoralis minor resting length on scapular kinematics in healthy individuals.

STUDY DESIGN Two-group comparison. OBJECTIVE To compare scapular kinematics during arm elevation between groups distinguished by pectoralis minor resting length. BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated that individuals with subacromial impingement have altered scapular kinematics, such as loss of posterior tipping and increased internal rotation. One proposed mechanism for these alterations is an adaptively short pectoralis minor. This anterior scapulothoracic muscle may impact normal scapular kinematics if adaptively short. METHODS AND MEASURES Fifty volunteers without shoulder pain were divided into long or short groups according to normalized pectoralis minor resting length. An electromagnetic motion capture system determined the angular orientation of the scapula, humerus, and trunk during arm elevation in 3 separate planes. Groups were compared for 3-dimensional scapular orientation relative to the trunk at arm elevation angles of 30 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees, and 120 degrees, using a mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS There were statistically significant interaction effects between group and arm elevation angle for scapular tipping in all planes of arm elevation, with the scapula for the short group staying anteriorly tipped at higher angles. There was also a significant interaction for scapular internal rotation at lower arm elevation angles in the coronal plane only, with individuals with a shorter pectoralis minor demonstrating a more internally rotated scapula. CONCLUSIONS The group distinguished by a short pectoralis minor demonstrated scapular kinematics similar to the kinematics exhibited in earlier studies by subjects with shoulder impingement. These results support the theory that an adaptively short pectoralis minor may influence scapular kinematics and is therefore a potential mechanism for subacromial impingement.
R. C. Berwick & A. S. Weinberg, The grammatical basis of linguistic performance: language use and acquisition , Cambridge, Mass. & London: MIT Press, 1984. Pp. xviii + 325.

This is an infuriating book. It addresses the central issue of the relation between grammars and parsers with verve and panache; it resurrects the derivational theory of complexity, and argues controversially but persuasively for the superiority of Government-Binding theory over such rivals as Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar and Lexical Functional Grammar; and it claims to account for typical patterns of overgeneralization in child language development by the same marriage of computer science and linguistics that imbues the discussion of parsing. At the same time, it is often obscure, consistently inexplicit or self-serving on crucial matters of detail and intermittently just wrong. As a preliminary, Berwick and Weinberg outline the elements of computational theory and linguistic theory that they wish to presuppose (Ch. 1 'Computational and linguistic theory'). This introduction is competent but hardly comprehensible to the neophyte in either of the disciplines for whom it is intended. There are few non-linguists who will understand a bracketing with Greek letter subscripts which are themselves subject to particular conditions (23), and even fewer non-computer-scientists who will understand how' in the limit the ratio 5n/ ion approaches 1' (6). Nevertheless, the chapter is useful at'trigger(ing) the proper responses' (7) and providing a reference guide for those who wish to delve further. More importantly, it broaches the question of the relative importance of universal principles and language specific rules in anticipation of the discussion of the relation between grammars and the parsers which implement them. Chapter 2 ('Grammars and models of language use', a slightly revised version of Berwick & Weinberg, 1983) launches a rescue operation for the unfashionable claim that a parser must incorporate as a proper sub-part a competence (transformational) grammar, specifically a version of Government-Binding theory along the lines of Chomsky, 1981. The authors start by analysing the notion of' type transparency', according to which the rules of the grammar are 'mirrored rather exactly' (39) in the parsing mechanism. They point out that, despite the adoption of this principle by Bresnan and Kaplan (1982) and Gazdar (1981, 1982) among others to mount attacks on transformational grammar, the concept allows of different instantiations which are in fact compatible with transformational grammar. Thus, even if the rules of the grammar are not in one-to-one correspondence with the processes of the parser, it might still be the case that the parser 'preserve distinctions made in the grammar' (41) or, weaker still, the
Three Years of Teaching using Collaborative Tools - Patterns and Lessons Learned

The author has taught computer science (Programming 101 and Operating Systems 101) for about fifteen years. He introduced the use of a student-collaborated wiki website for his courses about ten years ago. Then, three years ago, he also began extensively using a collaborative editor (Gobby) in classroom, to let students actively participate during lessons. This paper describes the author’s course “workflow”, summarizes tools (wiki and collaborative editor) functionalities, collects some context pattern and tries to draw a few conclusions (lessons learned) about the course methodology.
The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.
Common loci for Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhizobium meliloti exopolysaccharide synthesis and their roles in plant interactions

Mutants of Rhizobium meliloti have been isolated which are deficient in exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and effective nodulation of alfalfa (J. A. Leigh, E. R. Signer, and G. C. Walker, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:6231-6235, 1985). We isolated approximately 100 analogous EPS-deficient (Exo) mutants of the closely related plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens, including strains whose EPS deficiencies were specifically complemented by each of five cloned R. meliloti exo loci. We also cloned A. tumefaciens genes which complemented EPS defects in three of the R. meliloti Exo mutants. In two of these cases, symbiotic defects were also complemented. All of the A. tumefaciens Exo mutants formed normal crown gall tumors on four different plant hosts, except ExoC mutants, which were nontumorigenic and unable to attach to plant cells in vitro. Like their R. meliloti counterparts, A. tumefaciens Exo mutants were deficient in production of succinoglycan, the major acidic EPS species produced by both genera. A. tumefaciens ExoC mutants also produced extremely low levels of another major EPS, cyclic 1,2-beta-D-glucan. This deficiency has been noted previously in a different set of nontumorigenic, attachment-defective A. tumefaciens mutants.
Europe's Crisis of Values

This contribution outlines the special features of the Rule of Law crisis of the European Union which started in Hungary. It argues that the crisis of values is the first systemic challenge to the very essence of the process of European integration since the foundation of the project. The key features of the crisis are analyzed as well as the reasons that led to the crisis, focusing not only on the EU’s powerlessness to resolve it in terms of procedures and enforcement, but also on the justice void, which looms beyond the internal market, making EU’s substantive involvement – indispensable for the successful resolution of the crisis – overwhelmingly difficult. The main point is very simple: the crisis of values is something new and its importance should be realized in full, as it corrupts the core assumptions about the EU indispensable for Europe’s successful functioning.