Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-throughput hash-based online traffic classification engines on FPGA

Traffic classification is used to perform important network management tasks such as flow prioritization and traffic shaping/pricing. Machine learning techniques such as the C4.5 algorithm can be used to perform traffic classification with very high levels of accuracy; however, realizing high-performance online traffic classification engine is still challenging. In this paper, we propose a high-throughput architecture for online traffic classification on FPGA. We convert the C4.5 decision-tree into multiple hash tables. We construct a pipelined architecture consisting of multiple processing elements; each hash table is searched in a processing element independently. The throughput is further increased by using multiple pipelines in parallel. To evaluate the performance of our architecture, we implement it on a state-of-the-art FPGA. Post-place-and-route results show that, for a typical 128-leaf decision-tree used for online traffic classification, our classification engine sustains a throughput of 1654 Million Classifications Per Second (MCPS). Our architecture sustains high throughput even if the number of leaves in the decision-tree is scaled up to 1K. Compared to existing online traffic classification engines on various platforms, we achieve at least 3.5× speedup with respect to throughput.
Local capture by atrial pacing in spontaneous chronic atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is considered to be maintained by multiple reentrant circuits without or with a very short excitable gap. However, the possibility of local atrial capture has been shown recently in experimental AF or induced AF in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of atrial capture-suggestive of an excitable gap-in spontaneous chronic AF. Decremental pacing was performed in 47 right atrial sites in 14 patients with chronic AF, not taking antiarrhythmic drugs. A Franz catheter (for pacing and monophasic action potential recording) and a recording quadripolar catheter positioned about 10 mm apart were used. Local capture was achieved in 41 (87.2%) sites for a total of 100 captures. In 71 episodes the capture was lost within 15 seconds, while in the remaining 29, pacing was stopped after 15 seconds of stable capture. AF types immediately before capture were type 1 in 83 and type 2 in 17 episodes. Type 3 AF was never captured. Pacing cycle at capture was 175.7 +/- 20.9 ms. The baseline atrial interval (FF) was 185.4 +/- 24.5, significantly longer than the FF recorded during pacing immediately before capture (176.0 +/- 19.8 ms) (P < .02). CONCLUSIONS During spontaneous chronic AF in humans, (1) local capture by atrial pacing is possible up to at least 15 mm from the pacing site, (2) regional entrainment is possible during type 1 and type 2 AF but not type 3 AF, and (3) pacing before capture accelerates AF, probably by transient or local capture. These findings suggest that an excitable gap is present in chronic AF, therefore supporting the hypothesis that leading circle reentry is not the unique electrophysiological mechanism maintaining the arrhythmia.
Global Patterns of Predator Diversity in the Open Oceans

The open oceans comprise most of the biosphere, yet patterns and trends of species diversity there are enigmatic. Here, we derive worldwide patterns of tuna and billfish diversity over the past 50 years, revealing distinct subtropical “hotspots” that appeared to hold generally for other predators and zooplankton. Diversity was positively correlated with thermal fronts and dissolved oxygen and a nonlinear function of temperature (∼25°C optimum). Diversity declined between 10 and 50% in all oceans, a trend that coincided with increased fishing pressure, superimposed on strong El Niño–Southern Oscillation–driven variability across the Pacific. We conclude that predator diversity shows a predictable yet eroding pattern signaling ecosystem-wide changes linked to climate and fishing.
An improved fuzzy logic controller for ship steering based on ior operator and neural rule extraction

In this paper a fuzzy logic controller for ship steering is designed and simulated. The logic ldquoiorrdquo operator as well as wave filtering are used to obtain improved control performance as well as to get over the chattering problem associated with traditional fuzzy controllers. Moreover, an automatic neural networks-based rule generation and justification strategy is suggested to alleviate the need of manual rule extraction and pruning. This has the advantages of near-optimal easy rule generation as well as avoiding errors due to experts overlooking certain aspects of the control problem.
SIGNAL ERRORS ANALYSIS OF ACTIVE CALIBRATION VIA TRANSPONDER

Quantitative analysis of SAR signatures require an absolute radiometric calibration of the complete SAR system. The active reflector named as transponder is an effective SAR calibration device that can yield a larger radar cross section than a corner reflector, and decouple the transponder from the background scatterers, which can be used to calibrate the SAR for radiometry, polarimetry, and interferometry. This paper concentrates on the signal error analysis of active calibration via transponder. The system configuration and possible signal processing algorithms are briefed. The most essential element of this transponder, a X-band wideband voltage controlled attenuator (VCA) is developed. As any ripple on the control line will result in AM sidebands on the VCA output, this paper details the various kinds of signal error and their impacts on calibrating high resolution SAR.
Streptococcus pyogenes clinical isolates and lipoteichoic acid

Minimally subcultured clinical isolates of virulent nephritogenic and nonnephritogenic Streptococcus pyogenes of the same serotype showed major differences in lipoteichoic acid (LTA) production, secretion, and structure. These were related to changes in coccal adherence to and destruction of growing human skin cell monolayers in vitro. A possible relationship between cellular LTA content and group A streptococcal surface hydrophobicity was also investigated. Nephritogenic S. pyogenes M18 produced twice as much total (i.e., cellular and secretory) LTA as did the virulent, serologically identical, but nonnephritogenic isolate. Also, the LTAs from these organisms differed markedly. The polyglycerol phosphate chain of LTA from the nephritogenic isolate was longer (1.6 times) than was that from the nonnephritogenic isolate. Likewise, both LTAs indicated the presence of alanine and the absence of glucose. Amino sugars were found in LTA from only nephritogenic S. pyogenes. Teichoic acid, as a cellular component or secretory product, was not detected. The adherence of two different nephritogenic group A streptococcal serotypes (M18 and M2) exceeded that of the serologically identical but nonnephritogenic isolates (by about five times), indicating a correlation between virulent strains causing acute glomerulonephritis and adherence to human skin cell monolayers. Likewise, LTA from nephritogenic S. pyogenes M18 was more cytotoxic (1.5 times) than was that from the nonnephritogenic isolate for human skin cells, as determined by protein release. This difference was not perceptible by the more sensitive dye exclusion method (i.e., requiring less LTA), which emphasizes changes in host cell morphology and death. Also, the secretion of LTA by only virulent nephritogenic S. pyogenes M18 was exacerbated by penicillin (a maximum of four times). Finally, while the adherence of nephritogenic S. pyogenes M18 decreased markedly after continued subculturing in vitro, the surface hydrophobicity did not.
Time-Dependent Cognitive Deficits Associated with First and Second Generation Antipsychotics: Cholinergic Dysregulation as a Potential Mechanism

Although cognitive dysfunction is considered one of the more debilitating symptoms of schizophrenia, there is a fundamental gap in our knowledge of how the primary pharmacologic treatments of this disease, first- and second-generation antipsychotics (FGAs and SGAs, respectively), affect cognition, particularly over extended periods of time. Moreover, it has been known for decades that chronic treatment with FGAs can lead to imbalances in cholinergic function in the striatum that result in movement disorders; however, there is a growing body of evidence to suggest that both FGAs and SGAs can lead to cholinergic alterations in brain areas more traditionally considered as memory-related, such as cortical and hippocampal regions. Data from our laboratories in rodents indicate that some SGAs (if administered for sufficient periods of time) can be associated with impairments in memory-related task performance as well as alterations in the cholinergic enzyme choline acetyltransferase, the vesicular acetylcholine transporter, and nicotinic (α7) and muscarinic (M2) acetylcholine receptors. Given the well documented importance of central cholinergic function to information processing and cognitive function, it is important that the mechanisms for such chronic antipsychotic effects be identified. In this review, two potential mechanisms for long-term antipsychotic-related cholinergic alterations in the central nervous system are discussed: 1) antipsychotic antagonist activity at dopaminergic-D2 receptors on cholinergic neurons and 2) antipsychotic effects on neurotrophins that support cholinergic neurons, such as nerve growth factor and brain derived growth factor. Novel strategies to optimize the therapeutics of schizophrenia and maintain cognitive function via adjunctive cholinergic compounds and antipsychotic crossover approaches are also discussed.
Development of a treatment unit for removal of arsenic from groundwater

The purpose of this study was to develop a treatment unit for arsenic contaminated groundwater samples. The samples were collected from different locations of Taluka Sakrand by means of installed hand pumps and tube wells. The treatment unit was developed locally with three layers, each with iron nails, activated carbon and milled rice husk from the top to bottom. The arsenic contaminated groundwater samples were put from the top layer and treated samples were collected from the bottom of the unit through tap valve. The arsenic contamination level of the samples was checked before and after treatment with the help of arsenic measuring kit. The contact time of the samples through the beds of developed unit was around 30 minutes. The highest concentration of arsenic in groundwater samples was found 60 ppb taken from village Miru Kalhoro. No arsenic amount was found in all treated samples after passing through the layers of installed unit. It is concluded that the developed unit is a suitable and effective for the treatment of arsenic contaminated groundwater samples up to 60 ppb concentrations.
Influence of breeding site availability on the oviposition behaviour of Aedes aegypti

Despite the importance of the mosquito Aedes aegypti in the transmission of arboviruses, such as yellow fever, Chikungunya fever and dengue fever, some aspects of their behaviour remain unknown. In the present study, the oviposition behaviour of Ae. aegypti females that were exposed to different densities of breeding sites (2, 4, 8 and 16) was evaluated in laboratory and semi-field conditions. The number of breeding sites that were used was proportional to the number available, but tended towards stabilisation. Females used four-six breeding sites on average, with a maximum of 11. A high percentage of eggs was observed in the water, along with the presence of a breeding site termed “favourite”, which received at least 40% of the eggs. The results are discussed in ecological, evolutionary and epidemiological approaches.
The Power of Extended Top-Down Tree Transducers

Extended top-down tree transducers (transducteurs generalises descendants; see [A. Arnold and M. Dauchet, Bi-transductions de forets, in Proceedings of the 3rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 1976, pp. 74-86]) received renewed interest in the field of natural language processing. Here those transducers are extensively and systematically studied. Their main properties are identified and their relation to classical top-down tree transducers is exactly characterized. The obtained properties completely explain the Hasse diagram of the induced classes of tree transformations. In addition, it is shown that most interesting classes of transformations computed by extended top-down tree transducers are not closed under composition.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in adults aged 75 years and older: a single institution analysis of cause-specific survival and prognostic factors

Background: Very elderly patients (75 years and older) with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) will be increasingly considered for cancer treatment as the population ages, but are underrepresented in clinical trials. Here we report outcomes of very elderly DLBCL patients treated in the modern era at the Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU). Methods: We queried the OHSU Tumor Registry for DLBCL cases treated since 2002. A total of 73 patients aged 75 years or older were analyzed under Institutional Review Board approval. Results: With a median follow up of 31 months, cause-specific survival was 58% and overall survival 51% at 3 years. Incorporation of an anthracycline did not influence outcomes. More than one extranodal site or poor-risk disease by Revised International Prognostic Index score were adversely prognostic, but pathologic features studied were not. Conclusions: Very elderly patients with DLBCL require prospective studies, which employ novel risk stratification and therapeutic approaches.
A New Invasion Score for Determining the Resectability of Pancreatic Carcinomas with Contrast-Enhanced Multidetector Computed Tomography

Objective: It was the aim of this study to evaluate a new infiltration score to determine the resectability of pancreatic carcinomas in preoperative planning. Materials and Methods: Eighty patients with suspected pancreatic tumor were examined prospectively using 16-row spiral CT. The scans were evaluated for the presence of pancreatic carcinoma, peripancreatic tumor extension and vascular invasion using a standardized questionnaire. Invasion of the surgically relevant vessels was evaluated using a new invasion score. The operative and histological findings and the clinical follow-up served as the gold standard. Results: Forty patients had a pancreatic carcinoma, 5 had metastasis of a different primary tumor, and in 35 patients, there was no malignant pancreatic disease. The sensitivity for tumor detection was 100%, with a specificity of 88% for differentiating between malignant and benign pancreatic tumors. Invasion of the surrounding vessels was evaluated correctly using the invasion score, with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 99%. In evaluation of resectability, a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 89% were achieved. Conclusion: Using 16-row spiral CT, the invasion score is a valid tool for correctly assessing invasion in relevant vessels in cases of pancreatic carcinoma and for determining resectability.
Large-Scale Inter-System Clone Detection Using Suffix Trees

Detecting license violations of source code requires to compare a suspected system against a very large corpus of source code, for instance, the Debian source distribution. Thus, techniques detecting suspiciously similar code must scale in terms of resources needed. In addition to that, high precision of the detection is necessary because a human needs to inspect the results. The current approaches to address the resource challenge is to create an index for the corpus to which the suspected source code is compared. The index creation, however, is very costly. If the analysis is done only once, it may not be worth the effort. This paper demonstrates how suffix trees can be used to obtain a scalable comparison. Our evaluation shows that this approach is faster than current index-based techniques. In addition to that, this paper proposes a method to improve precision through user feedback and automated data mining.
A Novel Approach to built an Area Efficient Architecture for Block LDPC Codes

Low Density Parity Checker (LDPC) decoder requires large amount of memory access which leads to high energy consumption. The amount of achievable memory bypassing depends on the decoding orders of the layers. The proposed decoder was implemented in TSMC 0.18m CMOS process. Experimental results show that for a LDPC decoder targeting IEEE 802.11n specification, the amount of memory access values can be reduced by 12.9% to 19.3% compared with the state-of-the-art design. At the same time, 95.6% to 100% hardware utilization rate is achieved. The advantages of being able to test a variety of codes such those found in communications standards including Wireless LAN(IEEE 802.11n), WIMAX(IEEE 802.16e) and DVB-S2, on a single hardware platform will make the transition from theory to practice a much smoother one. The LDPC decoder design is flexible, it can accept a new code without any redesign , the only thing that changes is the ROM configuration. It has been tested, functionally verified and simulated with the MODELSIM tool by using VHDL code. Also the decoder has been show to operate correctly on larger codes and as performance demands increase, it has been show to scale up to larger design well. To understand, develop, the block of layers in LDPC decoder. It develops, implements and verifies in VHDL the correctly functioning LDPC decoder in VHDL implement and verify in VHDL code, a scheduling that allows the flexibility and as well as it configures by
Confluences: Fluted Points in the Ice-Free Corridor

ABSTRACT We undertake an expanded analysis of the Western Canadian Fluted Points database. Given clear evidence of biotic habitability along the entire Corridor by 13,000 years ago, fluted point spatial clusters likely reflect both Clovis contemporaneous and later fluted point instances. Points were overwhelmingly fashioned on local toolstones, featuring a bimodal length distribution (larger, relatively unaltered fluted points versus reworked, smaller fluted points at the end of their use life), mainly found in dispersed landscape settings rather than major kills or campsites. The temporal cline from older Clovis forms south of the ice masses to younger fluted points in Alaska suggests fluted point makers traversing the Corridor eventually met populations bearing eastern Beringian traditions. Corridor fluted point morphologies may indicate the degree to which diffusion or demic expansion mediated north-south interactions: deeper bases, parallel sides and multiple basal thinning flakes reflect intermediate forms similar to Younger Dryas-aged Alaskan fluted points.
Open Access Research Article Identification of Population Substructure among Jews Using Str Markers and Dependence on Reference Populations Included

Background: Detecting population substructure is a critical issue for association studies of health behaviors and other traits. Whether inherent in the population or an artifact of marker choice, determining aspects of a population's genetic history as potential sources of substructure can aid in design of future genetic studies. Jewish populations, among which association studies are often conducted, have a known history of migrations. As a necessary step in understanding population structure to conduct valid association studies of health behaviors among Israeli Jews, we investigated genetic signatures of this history and quantified substructure to facilitate future investigations of these phenotypes in this population. Results: Using 32 autosomal STR markers and the program STRUCTURE, we differentiated between Ashkenazi (AJ, N = 135) and non-Ashkenazi (NAJ, N = 226) Jewish populations in the form of Northern and Southern geographic genetic components (AJ north 73%, south 23%, NAJ north 33%, south 60%). The ability to detect substructure within these closely related populations using a small STR panel was contingent on including additional samples representing major continental populations in the analyses. Conclusions: Although clustering programs such as STRUCTURE are designed to assign proportions of ancestry to individuals without reference population information, when Jewish samples were analyzed in the absence of proxy parental populations, substructure within Jews was not detected. Generally, for samples with a given grandparental country of birth, STRUCTURE assignment values to Northern, Southern, African and Asian clusters agreed with mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomal data from previous studies as well as historical records of migration and intermarriage. Background The genetics of Jewish populations, particularly that of Ashkenazi Jews, has been studied extensively to answer questions of human evolutionary, historical, and medical significance [1-11]. Human evolutionary or anthropologi-cal studies have typically focused on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or Y-chromosomal data, because the absence of recombination in these regions of the genome allows researchers to infer past human behaviors and evolutionary events such as migrations, founder events, population bottlenecks or expansions, relative male and female con
Advanced Digital Image Forgery Detection by Using SIFT

Due to the availability of powerful image processing software‟s, it is easy to manipulate or modify digital images. So that the image is look like as an original image. Therefore to judge the authenticity of given image is very difficult. Nowadays, it is possible to add or remove important features from an image without leaving any obvious traces of tampering. Digital photographs are used as evidence in law issues or to be circulated in mass media, so it is necessary to check the authenticity of the image. This paper, describes a digital image forgery detection method based on SIFT (Scale invariant feature transform). Copy-Move forgery is a specific type of image manipulation technique, in which part of an image itself is copied and pasted on different location within the same image. In this approach an improved algorithm based on scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) is used to detect such copy-move forgery. First apply SIFT to extract the keypoints and feature descriptor, and then feature matching based clustering is performed. After this estimate a geometric transformation for rotating and scaling between image regions.
Dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis before and after radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer

Abstract Thiol groups are important anti-oxidants and essential molecules protecting organism against the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of our study is to evaluate thiol–disulphide homeostasis with a novel recent automated method in patients with localized prostate cancer (PC) before and six months after radical prostatectomy (RP). 18 patients with PC and 17 healthy control subjects were enrolled into the study. Blood samples were collected from the controls subjects and patients before and six months after RP. Thiol–disulphide homeostasis was determined using a recently developed novel method. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), albumin, total protein, total thiol, native thiol, disulphide and total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured and compared between the groups. Native thiol, total thiol and TAS levels were significantly higher in the control group than the patients before RP (p < .001). There was a non-significant increase in the native thiol, total thiol and TAS levels in the patients six months after RP in comparison to the levels before RP (p values .3, .3 and .09, respectively). We found a significant negative correlation between PSA and thiol levels. Our study demonstrated that the decreased thiol and TAS levels weakened anti-oxidant defence mechanism in the patients with PC as indicated. Increased oxidative stress in prostate cancer patients may cause metabolic disturbance and have a role in the aetiopathogenesis of prostate cancer.