Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genes for seed longevity in barley identified by genomic analysis on near isogenic lines.

Genes controlling differences in seed longevity between 2 barley (Hordeum vulgare) accessions were identified by combining quantitative genetics "omics" technologies in near isogenic lines (NILs). The NILs were derived from crosses between the spring barley landraces L94 from Ethiopia and Cebada Capa from Argentina. A combined transcriptome and proteome analysis on mature, nonaged seeds of the 2 parental lines and the L94 NILs by RNA-sequencing and total seed proteomic profiling identified the UDP-glycosyltransferase MLOC_11661. 1 as candidate gene for the quantitative trait loci on 2H, and the NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME) MLOC_35785. 1 as possible downstream target gene. To validate these candidates, they were expressed in Arabidopsis under the control of constitutive promoters to attempt complementing the T-DNA knockout line nadp-me1. Both the NADP-ME MLOC_35785. 1 and the UDP-glycosyltransferase MLOC_11661. 1 were able to rescue the nadp-me1 seed longevity phenotype. In the case of the UDP-glycosyltransferase, with high accumulation in NILs, only the coding sequence of Cebada Capa had a rescue effect.
On Bended Knee: Embodiment and Religious Judgments

Body movements and positions influence how people feel, think and judge. In two experiments, we examined whether people’s body postures affect their judgments of events and photographs. Study1 investigated whether kneeling participants, compared to a sitting control group, would judge events as more miraculous. Results showed that kneeling individuals judged events as more miraculous compared to participants who simply sat in a chair. Study 2 investigated the effects of kneeling on participants’ judgments of photographs, especially images with possible religious undertones. Findings demonstrated that kneeling participants, compared to sitting participants, more readily identified the various photographs as religious objects.
Bioprosthetic aortic valve durability in the era of transcatheter aortic valve implantation

The main limitation of bioprosthetic valves is their limited durability, which exposes the patient to the risk of aortic valve reintervention. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is considered a reasonable alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in patients with intermediate or high surgical risk. TAVI is now rapidly expanding towards the lower risk populations. Although the results of midterm durability of the transcatheter bioprostheses are encouraging, their long-term durability remains largely unknown. The objective of this review article is to present the definition, mechanisms, incidence, outcome and management of structural valve deterioration of aortic bioprostheses with specific emphasis on TAVI. The structural valve deterioration can be categorised into three stages: stage 1: morphological abnormalities (fibrocalcific remodelling and tear) of bioprosthesis valve leaflets without hemodynamic valve deterioration; stage 2: morphological abnormalities and moderate hemodynamic deterioration (increase in gradient and/or new onset of transvalvular regurgitation); and stage 3: morphological abnormalities and severe hemodynamic deterioration. Several specifics inherent to the TAVI including valve oversizing, manipulation, delivery, positioning and deployment may cause injuries to the valve leaflets and increase leaflet mechanical stress, which may limit the long-term durability of transcatheter bioprostheses. The selection of the type of aortic valve replacement and bioprosthesis should thus take into account the ratio between the demonstrated durability of the bioprostheses versus the life expectancy of the patient. Pending the publication of robust data on long-term durability of transcatheter bioprostheses, it appears reasonable to select SAVR with a bioprosthesis model that has well-established long-term durability in patients with low surgical risk and long life expectancy.
Waves in a spatial queue

Envisaging a physical queue of humans, we model a long queue by a continuous-space model in which, when a customer moves forward, they stop a random distance behind the previous customer, but do not move at all if their distance behind the previous customer is below a threshold. The latter assumption leads to “waves” of motion in which only some random number W of customers move. We prove that ℙ(W > k) decreases as order k− 1/2; in other words, for large k the k’th customer moves on average only once every order k1/2 service times. A more refined analysis relies on a non-obvious asymptotic relation to the coalescing Brownian motion process; we give a careful outline of such an analysis without attending to all the technical details.
Pengenalan Wajah Menggunakan Two Dimensional Linier Discriminant Analysis Berbasis Feature Fussion Strategy

Biometrik merupakan sebuah teknik pengenalan individu berdasarkan ciri fisik manusia. Wajah merupakan salah satu biometrik yang bersifat non-intrusive dan tidak bergantung terhadap resiko kesehatan. Adapun fitur pengenalan wajah sangat dipengaruhi faktor instrinsik dan ekstrinsik. Ekstraksi fitur merupakan salah satu bagian terpenting dalam proses pengenalan wajah. Dalam upaya meningkatkan performa ekstraksi fitur, dalam penelitian ini mengusulkan penggunaan fungsi diskriminan Feature Fussion Strategy (FFS) kedalam metode Two Dimensional Linear Discriminant Analysis (TD-LDA). Pada fungsi diskriminan FFS terdapat fitur global dan fitur lokal yang keduanya digabungkan dalam sebuah eigen system . Dari eigen system tersebut, metode TD-LDA mengambil proyeksi dua dimensi dari citra wajah. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa Metode TD-LDA berbasis FFS menunjukkan performa yang optimal pada jumlah data training dan jumlah fitur yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan metode TD-LDA. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan performa metode TD-LDA berbasis FFS yang memiliki tingkat akurasi sebesar 66,96% - 98,89% pada jumlah data training dan 71,94%-95,00% pada jumlah fitur.
Disequilibrium biosignatures over Earth history and implications for detecting exoplanet life

Coexisting methane and carbon dioxide in atmospheres of habitable planets represent a disequilibrium biosignature. Chemical disequilibrium in planetary atmospheres has been proposed as a generalized method for detecting life on exoplanets through remote spectroscopy. Among solar system planets with substantial atmospheres, the modern Earth has the largest thermodynamic chemical disequilibrium due to the presence of life. However, how this disequilibrium changed over time and, in particular, the biogenic disequilibria maintained in the anoxic Archean or less oxic Proterozoic eons are unknown. We calculate the atmosphere-ocean disequilibrium in the Precambrian using conservative proxy- and model-based estimates of early atmospheric and oceanic compositions. We omit crustal solids because subsurface composition is not detectable on exoplanets, unlike above-surface volatiles. We find that (i) disequilibrium increased through time in step with the rise of oxygen; (ii) both the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic may have had remotely detectable biogenic disequilibria due to the coexistence of O2, N2, and liquid water; and (iii) the Archean had a biogenic disequilibrium caused by the coexistence of N2, CH4, CO2, and liquid water, which, for an exoplanet twin, may be remotely detectable. On the basis of this disequilibrium, we argue that the simultaneous detection of abundant CH4 and CO2 in a habitable exoplanet’s atmosphere is a potential biosignature. Specifically, we show that methane mixing ratios greater than 10−3 are potentially biogenic, whereas those exceeding 10−2 are likely biogenic due to the difficulty in maintaining large abiotic methane fluxes to support high methane levels in anoxic atmospheres. Biogenicity would be strengthened by the absence of abundant CO, which should not coexist in a biological scenario.
Overlay-aware detailed routing for self-aligned double patterning lithography using the cut process

Self-aligned double patterning (SADP) is one of the most promising techniques for sub-20nm technology. Spacer-is-dielectric SADP using a cut process is getting popular because of its higher design flexibility; for example, it can decompose odd cycles without the need of inserting any stitch. This paper presents the first work that applies the cut process for decomposing odd cycles during routing. For SADP, further, overlay control is a critical issue for yield improvement; while published routers can handle only partial overlay scenarios, our work identifies all the scenarios that induce overlays and proposes a novel constraint graph to model all overlays. With the developed techniques, our router can achieve high-quality routing results with significantly fewer overlays (and thus better yields). Compared with three state-of-the-art studies, our algorithm can achieve the best quality and efficiency, with zero cut conflicts, smallest overlay length, highest routability, and fastest running time.
Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria clones in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes

Among acquired stem cell disorders, pathological links between myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and aplastic anaemia (AA), and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) and AA, have been often described, whereas the relationship between MDS and PNH is still unclear. We analysed blood cells of patients with MDS to determine the incidence of the PNH clone, and analysed the PIG‐A gene to find mutations characteristic of the PNH clone in MDS. In four (10%) of 40 patients with MDS, flow cytometry showed affected erythrocytes and granulocytes negative for decay‐accelerating factor (DAF) and CD59. The population of affected erythrocytes was smaller in MDS patients with PNH clone (MDS/PNH) than in patients with de novo PNH, and haemolysis was milder in the MDS/PNH patients. PIG‐A mutations were found in granulocytes of all patients with MDS/PNH. In type and site, the PIG‐A mutations were heterogenous, similar to that observed in de novo PNH; i.e. no mutation specific to MDS/PNH was identified. Of note, three of four patients with MDS/PNH each had two PNH clones with different PIG‐A mutations, suggesting that PIG‐A is mutable in patients with MDS/PNH. In a MDS/PNH patient with trisomy 8, FISH detected a distinct karyotype in a portion of granulocytes with PNH phenotype, indicating that PNH and MDS partly shared affected cells. Thus, MDS predisposes to PNH by creating conditions favourable to the genesis of PNH clone. Considering the increasing prevalence and incidence of MDS, these disorders could be useful for investigating the mechanism by which PIG‐A mutation is induced.
Social exclusion and survival for families facing homelessness in rural New England

Abstract Homelessness in rural communities remains largely hidden. This article draws on ethnographic data to examine the hidden lives of families facing homelessness and its aftermath in rural New England. Our findings highlight how lived experiences of extreme poverty are shaped by the cultural values in this rural setting. We argue that social exclusion is a defining feature of the lived experience of homelessness in this setting in which individualism and self-sufficiency are core cultural values. While certain practice and policy strategies may apply broadly to impoverished families (e.g. affordable housing, service coordination, vocational support), we propose that efforts to support families should be grounded in, and tailored to, the specific setting and cultural values of rural communities.
Interests, Power, Knowledge: The Study of International Regimes'

How and why are international regimes formed? Which factors help determine their continuation once formed? This essay reviews the literature in political science and, specifically, in international relations on regime formation and stability. It identifies and discusses three schools of thought, each of which emphasizes a different variable to account for international regimes: interest-based neoliberalism, power-based realism, and knowledge-based cognitivism. The contributions of these schools to our understanding of regimes are compared and contrasted with the intention of examining how they might elaborate and complement, rather than compete, with one another.
One Step Forward: Development of a Program Promoting Active School Transportation

Background Physical activity promotes health and learning. However, up to 80% of the children in industrialized countries do not achieve the recommended level of daily physical activity. By encouraging children to use active school transportation (AST), it is possible to increase their overall physical activity. Objective The aim of this paper was to present the development of an AST intervention using Intervention Mapping (IM) to promote children’s physical activity. Methods The principles of IM were applied to guide the development of the intervention. The process was divided into 3 phases. First, a literature review and collection of experiences of stakeholders were carried out to gain a broad perspective on the problem and possible solutions. Thereafter, an analysis of the critical environmental and behavioral factors affecting outcome was conducted, which guided the choice of tangible components of the intervention. Finally, a plan of evaluation and implementation was established. Results A structured program to increase AST among children was developed, consisting of 3 subsequent phases that are described in detail. Implementation took place, and evaluation of the intervention is being carried out. Conclusions IM proved to be a valuable method to develop a structured AST intervention for children. By following the steps of the IM process, it became evident that empowerment and gamification are 2 promising avenues to consider when designing AST interventions in a school context. By engaging end users and including important agents, such as parents and teachers, who control the environmental factors, the possibility to design a sustainable program increases. In addition, gamification made it possible to integrate learning into AST, which could motivate schools to devote time and effort to implementing this program.
Trigunas in organizations

The present study tests an alternative and indigenous theory of personality and explores its links with various aspects of organizational behavior. According to the Indian philosophy, trigunas (three trait-like components), namely, sattva, rajas, and tamas, are present in everyone, but it is the relative predominance of one of the three gunas that determines the personality of an individual. Sattva guna is reflected in equanimity, serenity, and poise. Rajas is expressed in high action orientation, ambition, lust, and so on. Tamas is the trait that is manifested in sloth and laziness. The predictive relationship of these three gunas with organizational citizenship behavior, job satisfaction, and job performance (task performance and overall performance) was measured using the method of multiple regression analysis. Data were collected in dyads using 82 mid-level managers and their subordinates working in various Indian banking organizations. Results confirmed that high sattva guna strongly predicted organizational citizenship behavior and high performance but not job satisfaction. Rajas was the second best predictor of these outcome behaviors (except job satisfaction) but was negatively related to them, suggesting that only when rajas was low would these desirable behaviors be exhibited. Tamas did not predict any of the outcome behaviors measured. This Indian perspective on personality has significant implications for cross-cultural management. These implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
Modulation of the N400 component in relation to hypomanic personality traits in a word meaning ambiguity resolution task

High levels of hypomanic personality traits have been associated with an increased risk of developing bipolar disorder (BD). Changes in semantic content, impaired verbal associations, abnormal prosody, and abnormal speed of language are core features of BD, and are thought to be related to semantic processing abnormalities. In the present study, we used event‐related potentials to investigate the relation between semantic processing (N400 component) and hypomanic personality traits.
Latent Variable Realism in Psychometrics

Semantic markers designate categories under which the term is correctly applied. Stereotypes list commonly held beliefs about the things to which the term applies. Stereotypes may be turn out to be false or in need of refinement. For example, if in the future PETA were to push through legislation that banned owning dogs as pets or using them as service animals, it would not be a contradiction to speak of my pet Doberman Sebastian or search and rescue dogs in WWII. Stereotypes enable successful use of terms within a linguistic community. The extension of ‘dog’ just is the set of objects denoted by the referring term.
Cognitive workload estimation due to vague visual stimuli using saccadic eye movements

Visual perception is affected by the quality of stimulus. In this paper, we investigate the rise in cognitive workload of an individual performing visual task due to vague visual stimuli. We make use of normalized average peak saccadic velocity to estimate the cognitive workload. Results obtained from 16 human subjects show that the mean of peak saccadic velocity increases with workload indicating that faster saccades are required to obtain information as the workload increases. This technique should find application in assessment of vigilance and cognitive performance in many demanding professional, industrial and transportation situation.
Consumer Sleep Technology: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Position Statement.

ABSTRACT Consumer sleep technologies (CSTs) are widespread applications and devices that purport to measure and even improve sleep. Sleep clinicians may frequently encounter CST in practice and, despite lack of validation against gold standard polysomnography, familiarity with these devices has become a patient expectation. This American Academy of Sleep Medicine position statement details the disadvantages and potential benefits of CSTs and provides guidance when approaching patient-generated health data from CSTs in a clinical setting. Given the lack of validation and United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance, CSTs cannot be utilized for the diagnosis and/or treatment of sleep disorders at this time. However, CSTs may be utilized to enhance the patient-clinician interaction when presented in the context of an appropriate clinical evaluation. The ubiquitous nature of CSTs may further sleep research and practice. However, future validation, access to raw data and algorithms, and FDA oversight are needed.
Inactivation of JNK2 as carcinogenic factor in colitis-associated and sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis

We recently reported that dysregulated c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) activity causes defective cell cycle checkpoint control, inducing neoplastic transformation in a cellular ulcerative colitis (UC) model. In the quiescent chronic phase of UC, p-p54 JNK was down-regulated and p-p46 JNK was up-regulated. Both were up-regulated in the acute phase. Consequently, increased p21WAF1 and γ-H2AX, two JNK-regulated proteins, induced cell cycle arrest. Their down-regulation led to checkpoint override, causing increased proliferation and undetected DNA damage in quiescent chronic phase, all characteristics of tumorigenesis. We investigated expression of p-JNK2, p-JNK1-3, p21WAF1, γ-H2AX and Ki67 by immunohistochemistry in cases of quiescent UC (QUC), active UC (AUC), UC-dysplasia and UC-related colorectal carcinoma (UC-CRC). Comparison was made to normal healthy colorectal mucosa, sporadic adenoma and colorectal carcinoma (CRC), diverticulitis and Crohns disease (CD). We found p-JNK2 up-regulation in AUC and its early down-regulation in UC-CRC and CRC carcinogenesis. With down-regulated p-JNK2, p21WAF1 was also decreased. Ki67 was inversely expressed, showing increased proliferation early in UC-CRC and CRC carcinogenesis. p-JNK1-3 was increased in AUC and QUC. Less increased γ-H2AX in UC-CRC compared to CRC gave evidence that colitis-triggered inflammation masks DNA damage, thus contributing to neoplastic transformation. We hypothesize that JNK-dependent cell cycle arrest is important in AUC, while chronic inflammation causes dysregulated JNK activity in quiescent phase that may contribute to checkpoint override, promoting UC carcinogenesis. We suggest restoring p-JNK2 expression as a novel therapeutic strategy to early prevent the development of UC-related cancer.
Climbing Bloom's taxonomy pyramid: Lessons from a graduate histology course

Bloom's taxonomy was adopted to create a subject‐specific scoring tool for histology multiple‐choice questions (MCQs). This Bloom's Taxonomy Histology Tool (BTHT) was used to analyze teacher‐ and student‐generated quiz and examination questions from a graduate level histology course. Multiple‐choice questions using histological images were generally assigned a higher BTHT level than simple text questions. The type of microscopy technique (light or electron microscopy) used for these image‐based questions did not result in any significant differences in their Bloom's taxonomy scores. The BTHT levels for teacher‐generated MCQs correlated positively with higher discrimination indices and inversely with the percent of students answering these questions correctly (difficulty index), suggesting that higher‐level Bloom's taxonomy questions differentiate well between higher‐ and lower‐performing students. When examining BTHT scores for MCQs that were written by students in a Multiple‐Choice Item Development Assignment (MCIDA) there was no significant correlation between these scores and the students' ability to answer teacher‐generated MCQs. This suggests that the ability to answer histology MCQs relies on a different skill set than the aptitude to construct higher‐level Bloom's taxonomy questions. However, students significantly improved their average BTHT scores from the midterm to the final MCIDA task, which indicates that practice, experience and feedback increased their MCQ writing proficiency. Anat Sci Educ 10: 456–464. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.
Evaluating Markers for Guiding Treatment.

BACKGROUND The subpopulation treatment effect pattern plot (STEPP) is an appealing method for assessing the clinical impact of a predictive marker on patient outcomes and identifying a promising subgroup for further study. However, its original formulation lacked a decision analytic justification and applied only to a single marker. METHODS We derive a decision-analytic result that motivates STEPP. We discuss the incorporation of multiple predictive markers into STEPP using risk difference, cadit, and responders-only benefit functions. RESULTS Applying STEPP to data from a breast cancer treatment trial with multiple markers, we found that none of the three benefit functions identified a promising subgroup for further study. Applying STEPP to hypothetical data from a trial with 100 markers, we found that all three benefit functions identified promising subgroups as evidenced by the large statistically significant treatment effect in these subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Because the method has desirable decision-analytic properties and yields an informative plot, it is worth applying to randomized trials on the chance there is a large treatment effect in a subgroup determined by the predictive markers.