Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Study of Artificial Intelligence-Based Methods for Detecting Brain Tumors

The brain is regarded as one of the most effective body-controlling organs. The development of technology has enabled the early and accurate detection of brain tumors, which makes a significant difference in their treatment. The adoption of AI has grown substantially in the arena of neurology. This systematic review compares recent Deep Learning (DL), Machine Learning (ML), and hybrid methods for detecting brain cancers. This article evaluates 36 recent articles on these techniques, considering datasets, methodology, tools used, merits, and limitations. The articles contain comprehensible graphs and tables. The detection of brain tumors relies heavily on ML techniques such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM). Recurrent Convolutional Neural Networks (RCNN), DenseNet, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), ResNet, and Deep Neural Networks (DNN) are DL techniques used to detect brain tumors more efficiently. DL and ML techniques are merged to develop hybrid techniques. In addition, a summary of the various image processing steps is provided. The systematic review identifies outstanding issues and future goals for DL and ML-based techniques for detecting brain tumors. Through a systematic review, the most effective method for detecting brain tumors can be identified and utilized for improvement.
Image repair based on repairing sequence

This paper proposes an algorithm for image repair.This algorithm performs the task through a best-first repairing strategy based on the priority assigned to each patch on the repairing front.The priority computation is biased toward those patches with structure information and surrounded by high-confidence pixels,so that the texture synthesis is performed orderly.This algorithm can not only synthesize texture but also structure information.After the object area has been selected by the user,this algorithm will perform repairing totally automatically.Experiment results show that this algorithm is fast and perfect even if the object area is big.
Development of a Novel Radial-Flux Machine With Enhanced Torque Profile Employing Quasi-Cylindrical PM Pattern

This article presents a novel radial-flux surface-mounted PM (SPM) machine with quasi-cylindrical pole pattern (QCPP). With the proposed configuration, the cogging torque and torque ripple of surface-mounted machines could be greatly decreased due to the adoption of large eccentric distance and the reduction of high-order airgap flux density harmonics. Moreover, the increase of fundamental flux component helps to improve torque generation well. Additionally, the magnet poles are semi-embedded into the rotor, and thus the sleeve in conventional SPM machines is no longer necessary, which helps to reduce the airgap size and improve the torque output further. Besides, the quasi-cylindrical magnet could offer lower rotor eddy loss and higher anti-demagnetization capability than conventional radial and eccentric pole patterns. Studies have been conducted on the novel structure to validate its advantages. Firstly, the topological structure and working principle of the QCPP machine are presented. Then, the influence of the QCPP structural parameters on the torque performance is investigated. Next, an electrical machine with quasi-cylindrical pole pattern is designed. Subsequently, the electromagnetic characteristics, such as flux density distribution, back EMF, average torque, cogging torque, torque ripple, eddy loss in sleeve, rotor stress and anti-demagnetization capability, of the proposed machine are analyzed and compared with those of conventional SPM machine with eccentric magnetic poles and skewing slots. Finally, one research prototype is developed, and experiments are carried out to evaluate the design concept and performance of the proposed QCPP machine.
REACTIVE GRASP AND TABU SEARCH BASED HEURISTICS FOR THE SINGLE SOURCE CAPACITATED PLANT LOCATION PROBLEM

AbstractThis paper considers the Single Source Capacitated Plant Location Problem (SSCPLP). SSCPLP is a discrete location problem. It allows capacities on the plants to be opened and constrains each client to be served by a single open plant. The following algorithms are proposed: A Reactive GRASP heuristic; a Tabu Search heuristic; and two different hybrid approaches that combine elements of the GRASP and the Tabu Search methodologies. The elements of the proposed heuristics are presented. The Reactive GRASP algorithm is a self-tuning heuristic in which the calibration process is replaced by an automated criterion for selecting the parameter value. The Tabu Search heuristic provides the framework for the first of the hybrid approaches. It consists of two phases. The GRASP methodology is used for the first one, which can be viewed as a strong diversification mechanism. The second one consists of an intensification phase. The second hybrid algorithm follows the framework of the Reactive GRASP heuristic. It.
Asymptotic-Preserving Scheme for the M 1 -Maxwell System in the Quasi-Neutral Regime

This work deals with the numerical resolution of the M 1 -Maxwell system in the quasi-neutral regime. In this regime the stiffness of the stability constraints of classical schemes causes huge calculation times. That is why we introduce a new stable numerical scheme consistent with the transitional and limit models. Such schemes are called Asymptotic-Preserving (AP) schemes in literature. This new scheme is able to handle the quasi-neutrality limit regime without any restrictions on time and space steps. This approach can be easily applied to angular moment models by using a moments extraction. Finally, two physically relevant numerical test cases are presented for the Asymptotic-Preserving scheme in different regimes. The first one corresponds to a regime where electromagnetic effects are predominant. The second one on the contrary shows the efficiency of the Asymptotic-Preserving scheme in the quasi-neutral regime. In the latter case the illustrative simulations are compared with kinetic and hydrodynamic numerical results.
Development and validation of a Rapid Stability Indicating chromatographic determination of Cilnidipine in Bulk and Dosage form.

A rapid, simple and specific reversed-phase HPLC method has been developed for estimation of Cilnidipine in Pharmaceutical Formulation. HPLC analysis was performed on a C18 column using a 80:20 (v/v) mixture of Methanol and 0.05 M Phosphate Buffer at pH 3.0 as isocratic mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 ml min−1. UV detection was carried at 254 nm. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity. Validation revealed the method is specific, accurate, precise, reliable and reproducible. Good linear correlation coefficients (r2 > 0.9999) were obtained for calibration plots in the ranges tested. Limit of detection was 0.179 μg/ml and limit of quantification was 0.544 μg/ml. Intra and inter-day RSD of retention times and peak areas were less than 1.729% and recovery was between 99.95% and 101.09%. The established HPLC method is appropriate enabling efficient quantitative analysis of Cilnidipine in Pharmaceutical Formulation.
Multimodal 2D- 3D face recognition using structural context and pyramidal shape index

Combination of 2D and 3D face recognition approaches intensifies recognition accuracy. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for face recognition by applying hybrid approach, structural context and pyramidal shape index. Proposed pyramidal local shape index descriptors are extracted in each level or scale of the Gaussian pyramid of range image. In this way, we can extract high contrast and reliable 3D face features. We extract Scale Invariant Feature Transform on pyramidal shape index image and histogram of structural context is used to find matched key points. A local descriptor structural context represents the structure of the image using SIFT. Structural context histogram is applied in both texture and range images to find SIFT matched points as 2D and 3D matching score respectively. Score level fusion using sum rule is applied to get final matching score. Experimental results on Face Recognition Grand Challenge (FRGC v2.0) database illustrate detection rate 98.8% and 98.5% at 0.1% false acceptance rate for All vs. All and ROC III experiments respectively. Comparing to the state of the art, these are the best results.
Multiposture leg tracking for temporarily vision restricted environments based on fusion of laser and radar sensor data

Leg tracking is an established field in mobile robotics and machine vision in general. These algorithms, however, only distinguish the scene between leg and nonleg detections. In application fields like firefighting, where people tend to choose squatting or crouching over standing postures, those methods will inevitably fail. Further, tracking based on a single sensor system may reduce the overall reliability if brought to outdoor or complex environments with limited vision on the target objectives. Therefore, we extend our recent work to a multiposture detection system based on laser and radar sensors, that are fused to allow for maximal reliability and accuracy in scenarios as complex as indoor firefighting with vastly limited vision. The proposed tracking pipeline is trained and extensively validated on a new data set. We show that the radar tracker reaches state‐of‐the‐art performance, and that laser and fusion tracker outperform recent methods.
Impact of Pb Toxicity on the Freshwater Pearl Mussel, Lamellidens marginalis: Growth Metrics, Hemocyto-Immunology, and Histological Alterations in Gill, Kidney, and Muscle Tissue

Pb is one of the most extensively used harmful heavy metals in Bangladesh, and its occurrence in waters affects aquatic organisms significantly. The tropical pearl mussel, Lamellidens marginalis, was exposed to different concentrations (T1 21.93 mgL−1, T2 43.86 mgL−1, and T3 87.72 mgL−1) of Pb(NO3)2 and was evaluated against a control C 0 mgL−1 of Pb(NO3)2, followed by a 96 h acute toxicity test. The LC50 value was recorded as 219.32 mgL−1. The physicochemical parameters were documented regularly for each treatment unit. The values of % SGR, shell weight, soft tissue wet weight, and weight gain remained statistically higher for the control group in comparison with the treatment. No mortality was noted for control units, while a gradually decreased survival rate was recorded for the different treatment groups. Fulton’s condition factor was recorded as highest in the control and lowest in the T3 unit, while the condition indices did not vary between the control and treatment groups. The hemocyte was accounted as maximum in the control and T1, while minimum in T2 and T3. The serum lysosomal parameters also followed a similar pattern, and a significantly low level of lysosomal membrane stability, and serum lysosome activity was noted for T3 and T2 units in comparison to the control group. The histology of the gill, kidney, and muscle was well structured in the control group, while distinct pathologies were observed in the gill, kidney, and muscle tissue of different treatment groups. The quantitative comparison revealed that the intensity of pathological alteration increased as the dosage of Pb increased. The current study, therefore, indicated that intrusion of Pb(NO3)2 in the living medium significantly alters growth performance and hemocyte counts, and chronic toxicity induces histomorphological abnormalities in vital organs.
Interferometric and nonlinear-optical spectral-imaging techniques for outer space and live cells

Multidimensional signals such as the spectral images allow us to have deeper insights into the natures of objects. In this paper the spectral imaging techniques that are based on optical interferometry and nonlinear optics are presented. The interferometric imaging technique is based on the unified theory of Van Cittert-Zernike and Wiener-Khintchine theorems and allows us to retrieve a spectral image of an object in the far zone from the 3D spatial coherence function. The retrieval principle is explained using a very simple object. The promising applications to space interferometers for astronomy that are currently in progress will also be briefly touched on. An interesting extension of interferometric spectral imaging is a 3D and spectral imaging technique that records 4D information of objects where the 3D and spectral information is retrieved from the cross-spectral density function of optical field. The 3D imaging is realized via the numerical inverse propagation of the cross-spectral density. A few techniques suggested recently are introduced. The nonlinear optical technique that utilizes stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) for spectral imaging of biomedical targets is presented lastly. The strong signals of SRS permit us to get vibrational information of molecules in the live cell or tissue in real time. The vibrational information of unstained or unlabeled molecules is crucial especially for medical applications. The 3D information due to the optical nonlinearity is also the attractive feature of SRS spectral microscopy.
Potential Binding Sites of Pharmacological Chaperone NCGC00241607 on Mutant β-Glucocerebrosidase and Its Efficacy on Patient-Derived Cell Cultures in Gaucher and Parkinson’s Disease

Mutations in the GBA1 gene, encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), cause Gaucher disease (GD) and are the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Pharmacological chaperones (PCs) are being developed as an alternative treatment approach for GD and PD. To date, NCGC00241607 (NCGC607) is one of the most promising PCs. Using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation we identified and characterized six allosteric binding sites on the GCase surface suitable for PCs. Two sites were energetically more preferable for NCGC607 and located nearby to the active site of the enzyme. We evaluated the effects of NCGC607 treatment on GCase activity and protein levels, glycolipids concentration in cultured macrophages from GD (n = 9) and GBA-PD (n = 5) patients as well as in induced human pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)—derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons from GBA-PD patient. The results showed that NCGC607 treatment increased GCase activity (by 1.3-fold) and protein levels (by 1.5-fold), decreased glycolipids concentration (by 4.0-fold) in cultured macrophages derived from GD patients and also enhanced GCase activity (by 1.5-fold) in cultured macrophages derived from GBA-PD patients with N370S mutation (p < 0.05). In iPSC-derived DA neurons from GBA-PD patients with N370S mutation NCGC607 treatment increased GCase activity and protein levels by 1.1-fold and 1.7-fold (p < 0.05). Thus, our results showed that NCGC607 could bind to allosteric sites on the GCase surface and confirmed its efficacy on cultured macrophages from GD and GBA-PD patients as well as on iPSC-derived DA neurons from GBA-PD patients.
Nature Inspired Computational Approach to Solve the Model for HIV Infection of CD4 + T Cells

In this paper, a stochastic heuristic technique is investigated to obtain the approximate solution of the HIV infection model of CD4 + T cells. The proposed technique represents the approximate solution as a linear combination of some polynomial basis functions with unknown adaptable coefficients. The trial solution of the problem is formulated using a fitness function, which contains unknown adaptable coefficients. The minimization of the fitness function is performed using the hybrid heuristic computational approach. The stochastic global search technique such as genetic algorithm (GA) is hybridized with two local search optimizers such as interior point algorithm (IPA) and active set algorithm (ASA), for obtaining the unknown coefficients. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is illustrated in contrast with fourth-order Runge Kutta method (RK4) and some well known deterministic standard methods. The results validate the accuracy and viability of the proposed technique for the approximate solution of the HIV infection model of CD4 + T cells.
Importance of Balanced Attention Toward Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Neglected Tropical Diseases

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has been spreading since 2019, causing a worldwide pandemic. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, tuberculosis, AIDS, and malaria have adversely affected the quality of life of patients and killed millions of people. In addition, COVID-19 continues to impede the delivery of health services, including those for the control of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Furthermore, NTDs have been reported as possible co-pathogens among patients infected with COVID-19. However, studies regarding parasitic co-infection among these patients have been limited. This review aimed to explore and describe the cases and reports of parasitic infections in the backdrop of COVID-19 to provide comprehensive knowledge regarding this aspect. We reviewed seven cases of patients who had parasitic co-infection and tested positive for COVID-19, and summarized the literature on the importance of controlling parasitic diseases. In addition, we identified recommendations for the control of parasitic diseases under possible difficulties, such as declining funding for parasitic diseases in 2020. This review highlights the growing burden of NTDs under COVID-19 that may be caused by the deficiency of healthcare infrastructure and human resources as the main reasons. Clinicians should remain vigilant for possible co-infections with parasites in COVID-19 patients, while policymakers are urged to reinforce a balanced and long-term health strategy that addresses both NTDs and COVID-19.
Digestive enzymes (amylase and invertase) analysis and histopathological changes in Oreochromis mossambicus treated with tricyclazole (75%) fungicide

Despite being efficient against rice blast fungal diseases when applied to agricultural fields, tricyclazole 75% fungicide has a variety of drawbacks that outweigh its benefits for the aquatic environment. Shortterm exposure to a sublethal dose of tricyclazole, fish O. mossambicus displayed altered digestive enzymes (amylase and invertase) as well as histological abnormalities in tissue organs like the skin, muscle, gills, liver, intestine, and brain tissues. The activity of amylase and invertase was found to decreasing and increasing in various concentrations. Histopathological changes on exposure to tricyclazole fungicides was found to increase in its pathological lesions of the tissue organs studied skin, muscle, gills, liver, intestine, and brain tissues of O. mossambicus noticed with necrosis, vacuolar degeneration, fusion and atrophy of the primary and secondary gill lamellae, degeneration of the cytoplasm in hepatocytes, atrophy, formation of vacuoles, rupture in blood vessels, damage in the dermis, concentrated melanophores, damaged blood vessels, and enlarged muscle fibers with increasing concentrations. Enzymatic alterations and pathological lesions in the tissue of O. mossambicus exposed to a toxicant at a sub-lethal concentration are a functional response of organisms that offers information on the nature of the toxicant. Hence, in the present study, in order to evaluate the environmental/aquatic pollution under experimental settings, an evaluation of the fish’s histological alterations and enzyme levels was carried out. In conclusion, fish are among the most susceptible aquatic species to harmful compounds; buildup of the fungicide in the fish may cause pathological problems that spread to people through the food chain.
Do You Even Crypto, Bro? Cryptocurrencies in Household Finance

Using repeated large-scale surveys of U.S. households, we study the cryptocurrency investment decisions and motives of households relative to other financial assets. Cryptocurrency holders tend to be young, white, male and more libertarian relative to non-crypto holders. They expect much higher rates of returns for crypto and perceive it as relatively safer than do other households. They also view it as a better hedge against inflation. For those holding cryptocurrencies, changes in Bitcoin prices translate into their purchases of durable goods. Finally, exogenously-provided information about historical returns of cryptocurrencies leads individuals to increase their desired crypto holdings and makes them more likely to actually purchase cryptocurrency subsequently. We compare these views and behaviors to those of households toward other financial assets and argue that cryptocurrency is unique in many of these respects. Michael Weber Booth School of Business University of Chicago 5807 South Woodlawn Avenue Chicago, IL 60637 and NBER michael.weber@chicagobooth.edu Bernardo Candia University of California, Berkeley bernardo_candia@berkeley.edu Olivier Coibion Department of Economics University of Texas at Austin 2225 Speedway Austin, TX 78712 and NBER ocoibion@gmail.com Yuriy Gorodnichenko Department of Economics 530 Evans Hall #3880 University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-3880 and IZA and also NBER ygorodni@econ.berkeley.edu A randomized controlled trials registry entry is available at https://www.socialscienceregistry. org/trials/11436
A case study on peer relationships between children with and without autism spectrum disorder in a Chinese inclusive kindergarten

The development of sustainable early childhood education advocates for the holistic development of all children, including children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As an important indicator of children’s social development, peer relationships between children with and without ASD in inclusive kindergarten have not gained much attention. Adopting peer nomination, semi-structured interviews, and participant observations, this study described peer relationships between the two types of children in a Chinese inclusive kindergarten and explored its influential factors. Fourteen children with ASD, 12 children without ASD, 4 teachers, the principal of the kindergarten, and 4 parents of children with ASD participated in this study. The results indicated three types of peer relationships: rejected, neglected, and average. ASD children’s emotional and behavioral challenges, their limited social interaction skills, and teachers’ positive feedback on children with ASD were the major reasons for being labeled the above three types respectively. Furthermore, three protective factors (the rule of child pairing in the kindergarten, innovative curriculum and instructional design, and assistance from parents of ASD children) and three hindering factors (hierarchical roles of the children, the dominance of the medical model, and lack of professional knowledge and skills) of children’s peer relationships were identified. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Males Should Mail? Gender Discrimination in Access to Childcare

This study investigates discrimination against women when searching and applying for childcare in a nationwide field experiment. We send emails from fictitious parents to 9,313 childcare centers in Germany inquiring about access to childcare. We randomize whether the email is sent by the child's mother or father. Our results show that women receive shorter and less positive responses than men. The probability of receiving a response does not differ by gender, highlighting the importance of going beyond response rates to detect discrimination. We provide suggestive evidence that regional differences in gender discrimination are related to gender norms.