Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using micro-reviews to select an efficient set of reviews

Online reviews are an invaluable resource for web users trying to make decisions regarding products or services. However, the abundance of review content, as well as the unstructured, lengthy, and verbose nature of reviews make it hard for users to locate the appropriate reviews, and distill the useful information. With the recent growth of social networking and micro-blogging services, we observe the emergence of a new type of online review content, consisting of bite-sized, 140 character-long reviews often posted reactively on the spot via mobile devices. These micro-reviews are short, concise, and focused, nicely complementing the lengthy, elaborate, and verbose nature of full-text reviews. We propose a novel methodology that brings together these two diverse types of review content, to obtain something that is more than the sum of its parts. We use micro-reviews as a crowdsourced way to extract the salient aspects of the reviewed item, and propose a new formulation of the review selection problem that aims to find a small set of reviews that efficiently cover the micro-reviews. Our approach consists of a two-step process: matching review sentences to micro-reviews and then selecting reviews such that we cover as many micro-reviews as possible, with few sentences. We perform a detailed evaluation of all the steps of our methodology using data collected from Foursquare and Yelp.
Separating Regular Languages by Locally Testable and Locally Threshold Testable Languages

A separator for two languages is a third language containing the first one and disjoint from the second one. We investigate the following decision problem: given two regular input languages, decide whether there exists a locally testable (resp. a locally threshold testable) separator. In both cases, we design a decision procedure based on the occurrence of special patterns in automata accepting the input languages. We prove that the problem is computationally harder than deciding membership. The correctness proof of the algorithm yields a stronger result, namely a description of a possible separator. Finally, we discuss the same problem for context-free input languages.
Design and analysis of the security assessment framework for achieving discrete security values in wireless sensor networks

The paper presents a ready-to-use security assessment framework for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The parameters in the proposed security assessment framework perform independent security assessment of WSNs and of their applications. Our proposed framework uses actual responses of the entities (such as nodes, communication link and network response) to assign numerical values for security assessment of WSNs. The method for calculating the optimal values for each security parameter of the framework is also discussed. Our proposed framework is designed to avoid unwanted impacts of the complexities of security algorithms, communication protocols and strong cryptography. Usually, the complexity of algorithms disguises the actual assessment of the WSN, but the independence of the proposed framework from these security-disguising objects makes this framework better than other assessment frameworks in terms of scalability.
On morphological case and word-order freedom

A commonly made cross-linguistic generalization is that languages with extensive case-marking tend also to have greater freedom of word order than languages without. Explicit statements to this effect can be found in Sapir (1921, pp. 66, 177ff.), Jakobson (1936, p. 28) and more recently in Blake (2001, p. 15), but the idea goes back to the beginning of comparative studies of language. Thus on the one hand, languages like Sanskrit, Finnish and Latin, which have extensive case distinctions, allow the order of nominal arguments in a sentence to be permuted without changing the basic meaning of the sentence (see 1). On the other hand, swapping the order of arguments in languages like English and French, whose case-marking is limited to relics in the pronominal system, is not possible without swapping their grammatical roles (see 2).
Studies on free radicals, antioxidants, and co-factors

The interplay between free radicals, antioxidants, and co-factors is important in maintaining health, aging and age-related diseases. Free radicals induce oxidative stress, which is balanced by the body’s endogenous antioxidant systems with an input from co-factors, and by the ingestion of exogenous antioxidants. If the generation of free radicals exceeds the protective effects of antioxidants, and some co-factors, this can cause oxidative damage which accumulates during the life cycle, and has been implicated in aging, and age dependent diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and other chronic conditions. The life expectancy of the world population is increasing, and it is estimated that by 2025, 29% of the world population will be aged ≥60 years, and this will lead to an increase in the number of older people acquiring age-related chronic diseases. This will place greater financial burden on health services and high social cost for individuals and society. In order to acheive healthy aging the older people should be encouraged to acquire healthy life styles which should include diets rich in antioxidants. The aim of this review is to highlight the main themes from studies on free radicals, antioxidants and co-factors, and to propose an evidence-based strategy for healthy aging.
A Sufficient Condition for Detecting ANDOR-AND-Type Logic

Three-level logic is shown to have a potential for reduction of the area over two-level implementations, as well as for a gain in speed over multi-level implementations. Algorithms for finding AND-OR-XOR and AND-OR-AND expressions were developed, however an open problem remained which of the algorithms should be used to find an optimal solution for a given function. In this paper we formulate a sufficient condition for a function to have a decomposition of type , with the total number of products in , and smaller or equal than the number of products in . This condition is used to design an algorithm for deciding whether a function is likely to have a compact AND-OR-XOR expression.
Risk of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding With Low-Dose Acetylsalicylic Acid Alone and in Combination With Clopidogrel and Other Medications

Background— This study evaluated the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) associated with use of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) alone and in combination with other gastrotoxic medications. Methods and Results— The Health Improvement Network UK primary care database was used to identify individuals 40 to 84 years of age with a UGIB diagnosis in 2000 to 2007 (n=2049). An age-, sex-, and calendar year-matched control group (n=20 000) was identified from the same source population. The relative risk (RR) of UGIB associated with use of low-dose ASA (75 to 300 mg/d), clopidogrel, and other commonly coadministered medications was estimated by multivariate logistic regression. The risk of UGIB was increased in current users of low-dose ASA (RR, 1.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59 to 2.03) or clopidogrel (RR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.24 to 2.24) compared with nonusers. Compared with low-dose ASA monotherapy, the risk of UGIB was significantly increased when low-dose ASA was coadministered with clopidogrel (RR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.34 to 3.21), oral anticoagulants (RR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.15 to 3.45), low-/medium-dose nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (RR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.93 to 3.60), high-dose nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (RR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.88 to 3.76), or high-dose oral corticosteroids (RR, 4.43; 95% CI, 2.10 to 9.34); this was not apparent with coadministration of statins (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.21) or low-dose oral corticosteroids (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.58 to 1.77). Conclusions— Use of low-dose ASA is associated with an almost 2-fold increase in the risk of UGIB compared with nonuse. This risk is increased further in individuals taking low-dose ASA along with clopidogrel, oral anticoagulants, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, or high-dose oral corticosteroids.
Design and implementation of 4-bit flash ADC using folding technique in cadence tool

In this paper, we design a pipelined flash Analog-toDigital Converter (ADC) to achieve high speed using 0.18umCMOS technology. The results obtained are also presented here. The physical circuit is more compact than the previous design.Power, processing time, and area are all minimized. This design can be used for modem high speed ADC applications. Keywords—CMOS comparator, CMOS Analog IntegratedCircuit, Flash Converter, priority encoder.
A Method for Applying Reuse in Tests Specifications

A frequent problem in software industry is the hard effort required for specifying functional tests. The time spent in this activity is increasing due to the complexity of the actual demanding software, becoming more hard and costly the creation and maintenance of these specifications manually. This paper presents a method which applies reuse techniques during tests specification, aiming at reducing the required effort during this task in the software development life cycle.
In vitro co-culture experiments on prostate cancer and small intestine cells irradiated with carbon ions and x-rays

In 2006 a study was started at GSI to treat prostate cancer patients with a boost irradiation of carbon ions in combination with an intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treatment administered at the Uniklinikum Heidelberg. The carbon ions are delivered in two opposing fields whereas IMRT uses many small fields. So IMRT irradiation includes more normal tissue than carbon ion treatment but even here parts of the rectum and the bladder are in the irradiated field. This raises the question whether the irradiated tumor cells influence the normal cells (irradiated/ unirradiated) but also whether the normal irradiated cells influences normal tissue in a different way for carbon and photon irradiation. To study this problem, we established an in vitro coculture model of prostate cancer and small intestine cells of the rat to simulate the patient treatment situation for analyzing tissue reaction exemplary. For characterization of the cells lines the parameters alpha and beta (linear quadratic model) for clonogenic survival were determined for x-rays and for carbon ions of different energies. For co-culture experiments unirradiated and irradiated cells were seeded together and the survival was analyzed.
Efficient inference of local ancestry

MOTIVATION The inference of local ancestry of admixed individuals at every locus provides the basis for admixture mapping. Local ancestry information has been used to identify genetic susceptibility loci. RESULTS In this study, we developed a statistical method, efficient inference of local ancestry (EILA), which uses fused quantile regression and k-means classifier to infer the local ancestry for admixed individuals. We also conducted a simulation study using HapMap data to evaluate the performance of EILA in comparison with two competing methods, HAPMIX and LAMP. In general, the performance declined as the ancestral distance decreased and the time since admixture increased. EILA performed as well as the other two methods in terms of computational efficiency. In the case of closely related ancestral populations, all the three methods performed poorly. Most importantly, when the ancestral distance was large or moderate, EILA had higher accuracy and lower variation in comparison with the other two methods. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION EILA is implemented as an R package, which is freely available from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (http://cran.r-project.org/). CONTACT jyangstat@gmail.com.
A high-speed variable phase accumulator for an ADPLL architecture

This paper presents a high-speed topology for the variable phase accumulator (VPA) in an all digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) architecture. The topology increases the speed of the VPA, which is a digital block running at the highest frequency in the ADPLL. The high-speed feature of the topology is achieved by exploiting the fact that the VPA output is used in the reference frequency domain while the circuit needs to handle the RF signal from the ADPLL output. The new topology minimizes the timing critical path and reduces the logic in the highest frequency domain to a shift register. As demonstrated in a 65-nm CMOS process, it allows the VPA to have a speed increase of about 60% without penalty in power dissipation or silicon area.
ECSS standard compliant agile software development: an industrial case study

Developing software for high-dependability space applications and systems is a formidable task. The industry has a long tradition of developing standards that strictly sets quality goals and prescribes engineering processes and methods to fulfill them. The ECSS standards is a recent addition, but being built on the PSS-05, it has a legacy of plan-driven software processes. With new political and market pressures on the space industry to deliver more software at a lower cost, alternative methods need to be investigated. In particular, the agile development processes studied and practiced in the Software Engineering field at large has tempting properties. This paper presents results from an industrial case study on a company in the European space industry that is using agile software development methods in ECSS projects. We discuss success factors based on detailed process and document analysis as well as empirical data from interviews and questionnaires.
Automatic Semantic Network Construction for Multi-Layer Annotation of Satellite Images

A camera is provided that can be connected to a processing system via an external connector outside of the housing of the processing system. The camera includes a camera housing. An imaging device is provided inside the camera housing that converts moving pictures to a video signal. A bit rate reduction circuit is also provided inside the camera housing and connected to the imaging device. The bit-rate reduction circuit reduces a bit rate of the moving picture signal so as to produce a bit-rate reduced video signal having a lower bandwidth than the video signal prior to bit rate reduction.
HIV-1 Disease-Influencing Effects Associated with ZNRD1, HCP5 and HLA-C Alleles Are Attributable Mainly to Either HLA-A10 or HLA-B*57 Alleles

A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) suggested that polymorphisms in or around the genes HCP5, HLA-C and ZNRD1 confer restriction against HIV-1 viral replication or disease progression. Here, we also find that these alleles are associated with different aspects of HIV disease, albeit mainly in European Americans. Additionally, we offer that because the GWAS cohort was a subset of HIV-positive individuals, selected based in part on having a low viral load, the observed associations for viral load are magnified compared with those we detect in a large well-characterized prospective natural history cohort of HIV-1-infected persons. We also find that because of linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns, the dominant viral load- and disease-influencing associations for the ZNRD1 or HLA-C and HCP5 alleles are apparent mainly when these alleles are present in HLA-A10- or HLA-B*57-containing haplotypes, respectively. ZNRD1 alleles lacking HLA-A10 did not confer disease protection whereas ZNRD1-A10 haplotypes did. When examined in isolation, the HCP5-G allele associates with a slow disease course and lower viral loads. However, in multivariate models, after partitioning out the protective effects of B*57, the HCP5-G allele associates with disease-acceleration and enhanced viral replication; these associations for HCP5-G are otherwise obscured because of the very strong LD between this allele and a subset of protective B*57 alleles. Furthermore, HCP5 and HLA-C alleles stratify B*57-containing genotypes into those that associate with either striking disease retardation or progressive disease, providing one explanation for the long-standing conundrum of why some HLA-B*57-carrying individuals are long-term non-progressors, whereas others exhibit progressive disease. Collectively, these data generally underscore the strong dependence of genotype-phenotype relationships upon cohort design, phenotype selection, LD patterns and populations studied. They specifically demonstrate that the influence of ZNRD1 alleles on disease progression rates are attributable to HLA-A10, help clarify the relationship between the HCP5, HLA-C and HLA-B*57 alleles, and reaffirm a critical role of HLA-B*57 alleles in HIV disease. Furthermore, as the protective B*57-containing genotypes convey striking salutary effects independent of their strong impact on viral control, it is conceivable that T cell-based therapeutic vaccine strategies aimed at reducing viral loads may be inadequate for limiting AIDS progression, raising the potential need for complementary strategies that target viral load-independent determinants of pathogenesis.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS AND PATTERN FORMATION

The objectives of our research are to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the formation of complex spatio-temporal patterns in systems that are driven outside of thermodynamic equilibrium, to characterize the macroscopic properties of such states, and to apply the methodology to situations of interest in fluid physics and engineering. Current research focuses on pattern formation, secondary instabilities and the transition to spatio-temporal chaos in parametrically driven surface waves, and the development of hydrodynamic equations at the mesoscopic level to model short length scale phenomena that fall beyond a conventional hydrodynamic description.
Neural-Network-based Metalearning for Distributed Text Information Retrieval

In this study, we propose a double-phase neural-network-based metalearning approach to perform distributed text information retrieval. In the first phase, a single neural network model is deployed in different text collections distributed in different physical sites to retrieve some relevant text documents. In the second phase, a neural-network-based metalearning approach is proposed to integrate the relevance results for text documents with a specific query. For illustration purpose, a simulated web text information retrieval experiment is performed to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed neural-network-based metalearning approach.
Cognitive constraints and island effects

Competence-based theories of island effects play a central role in generative grammar, yet the graded nature of many syntactic islands has never been properly accounted for. Categorical syntactic accounts of island effects have persisted in spite of a wealth of data suggesting that island effects are not categorical in nature and that nonstructural manipulations that leave island structures intact can radically alter judgments of island violations. We argue here, building on work by Paul Deane, Robert Kluender, and others, that processing factors have the potential to account for this otherwise unexplained variation in acceptability judgments.We report the results of self-paced reading experiments and controlled acceptability studies that explore the relationship between processing costs and judgments of acceptability. In each of the three self-paced reading studies, the data indicate that the processing cost of different types of island violations can be significantly reduced to a degree comparable to that of nonisland filler-gap constructions by manipulating a single nonstructural factor. Moreover, this reduction in processing cost is accompanied by significant improvements in acceptability. This evidence favors the hypothesis that island-violating constructions involve numerous processing pressures that aggregate to drive processing difficulty above a threshold, resulting in unacceptability. We examine the implications of these findings for the grammar of filler-gap dependencies.
Janus: A System for Translation of Conversational Speech

Janus is a large scale system for interactive spoken language translation that has been developed at Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Karlsruhe in the course of the last seven years. The system currently accepts spontaneous conversational speech in a limited domain in English, German or Spanish and produces output in German, English, Spanish, Japanese and Korean. In this overview article of the Janus system we describe how the system has evolved over the years and developed it's current architecture. We brieey describe the current system components, summarize our system development and evaluation methods, and present some of our most recent performance evaluation results. Finally , we discuss our current eeorts to signiicantly expand the domain of coverage of the system, and the future directions we intend to explore within the context of this project.
Max-Contribution: On Optimal Resource Allocation in Delay Tolerant Networks

This is by far the first paper considering joint optimization of link scheduling, routing and replication for disruption-tolerant networks (DTNs). The optimization problems for resource allocation in DTNs are typically solved using dynamic programming which requires knowledge of future events such as meeting schedules and durations. This paper defines a new notion of optimality for DTNs, called snapshot optimality where nodes are not clairvoyant, i.e., cannot look ahead into future events, and thus decisions are made using only contemporarily available knowledge. Unfortunately, the optimal solution for snapshot optimality still requires solving an NP-hard problem of maximum weight independent set and a global knowledge of who currently owns a copy and what their delivery probabilities are. This paper presents a new efficient approximation algorithm, called Distributed Max-Contribution (DMC) that performs greedy scheduling, routing and replication based only on locally and contemporarily available information. Through a simulation study based on real GPS traces tracking over 4000 taxies for about 30 days in a large city, DMC outperforms existing heuristically engineered resource allocation algorithms for DTNs.
Bandits Warm-up Cold Recommender Systems

We address the cold start problem in recommendation systems assuming no contextual information is available neither about users, nor items. We consider the case in which we only have access to a set of ratings of items by users. Most of the existing works consider a batch setting, and use cross-validation to tune parameters. The classical method consists in minimizing the root mean square error over a training subset of the ratings which provides a factorization of the matrix of ratings, interpreted as a latent representation of items and users. Our contribution in this paper is 5-fold. First, we explicit the issues raised by this kind of batch setting for users or items with very few ratings. Then, we propose an online setting closer to the actual use of recommender systems; this setting is inspired by the bandit framework. The proposed methodology can be used to turn any recommender system dataset (such as Netflix, MovieLens,.) into a sequential dataset. Then, we explicit a strong and insightful link between contextual bandit algorithms and matrix factorization; this leads us to a new algorithm that tackles the exploration/exploitation dilemma associated to the cold start problem in a strikingly new perspective. Finally, experimental evidence confirm that our algorithm is effective in dealing with the cold start problem on publicly available datasets. Overall, the goal of this paper is to bridge the gap between recommender systems based on matrix factorizations and those based on contextual bandits.