Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating WordNet Features in Text Classification Models

Incorporating semantic features from the WordNet lexical database is among one of the many approaches that have been tried to improve the predictive performance of text classification models. The intuition behind this is that keywords in the training set alone may not be extensive enough to enable generation of a universal model for a category, but if we incorporate the word relationships in WordNet, a more accurate model may be possible. Other researchers have previously evaluated the effectiveness of incorporating WordNet synonyms, hypernyms, and hyponyms into text classification models. Generally, they have found that improvements in accuracy using features derived from these relationships are dependent upon the nature of the text corpora from which the document collections are extracted. In this paper, we not only reconsider the role of WordNet synonyms, hypernyms, and hyponyms in text classification models, we also consider the role of WordNet meronyms and holonyms. Incorporating these WordNet relationships into a Coordinate Matching classifier, a Naive Bayes classifier, and a Support Vector Machine classifier, we evaluate our approach on six document collections extracted from the Reuters-21578, USENET, and DigiTrad text corpora. Experimental results show that none of the WordNet relationships were effective at increasing the accuracy of the Naive Bayes classifier. Synonyms, hypernyms, and holonyms were effective at increasing the accuracy of the Coordinate Matching classifier, and hypernyms were effective at increasing the accuracy of the SVM classifier.
Lessons Learned From Enhancing Vaccine Pharmacovigilance Activities During PsA-TT Introduction in African Countries, 2010–2013

Background. The rollout of the group A meningococcal vaccine, PsA-TT, in Africa's meningitis belt countries represented the first introduction of a vaccine specifically designed for this part of the world. During the first year alone, the number of people who received the vaccine through mass vaccination campaigns was several hundredfold higher than that of subjects who participated in the closely monitored clinical trials. Implementation of a system to identify rare but potentially serious vaccine reactions was therefore a high priority in the design and implementation of those campaigns. Methods. National authorities and their technical partners set up effective vaccine pharmacovigilance systems, including conducting active surveillance projects. Results. Implementation of national expert advisory groups to review serious adverse events following immunization in all countries and active monitoring of conditions of interest in 3 early-adopter countries did not identify particular concerns with the safety profile of PsA-TT, which had already provided tremendous public health benefits. Conclusions. Lessons learned from this experience will help to improve preparations for future vaccine introductions in resource-poor settings and capitalize on such efforts to advance vaccine safety systems in the future.
Neural force control (NFC) applied to industrial manipulators in interaction with moving rigid objects

We developed a novel concept of hybrid force/position control based on neural networks (NFC) to significantly expand the range of manipulator applications. NFC includes neural approaches for complex robotic mappings such as inverse dynamics and kinematics. The neural dynamics network, as an essential component of the computed torque controller, performs a fast and adaptive computation of the inverse manipulator model. The kinematic mappings are represented by a neural kinematics network (NKN). The features of NKN provide singularity robustness and the handling of constraints in joint space and Cartesian space. To guarantee a tender impact while establishing contact between manipulator and surface, a cascaded velocity controller is added to the NFC approach. Simulations for a 6-DOF industrial manipulator have proved that the NFC concept is capable to manage various demanding tasks such as screw removal and surface tracking with high accuracy.
Performance Comparison of OFDMA and CDMA Access Technologies in Broadband Wireless Communication Networks

— In this paper overview of the OFDMA and CDMA access technologies in variety of Broadband Wireless Communication Networks is given. It also makes comparison of advantages and disadvantages of OFDMA and CDMA as access technologies and their expected performance as well as the real measured performance and bandwidth efficiency. Furthermore a comparison the OFDMA and CDMA multiple access techniques in different standards like UMTS, HSPA, LTE, WiMAX is given as well as their Uplink and Downlink throughput and spectral efficiency performance depending on the multiple access technology used.
Etiopathogenesis, prediction, and prevention of preeclampsia

ABSTRACT Hypertensive disorders are a major cause of maternal death. Preeclampsia (PE) affects about 5% of pregnancies and is associated to high cardiovascular death risk. Understanding of its origin and cause is difficult and many etiologies have been proposed. So far, little can be done for real prevention and the only treatment is pregnancy interruption, increasing the child’s risk for prematurity complications. Early markers of disease are a promising path for understanding the pathogenesis and developing new strategies for prediction and eventually disease prevention.
Fault-Tolerant Wireless Sensor Networks using Evolutionary Games

Wireless sensor networks are commonly used to implement applications for habitat monitoring, bridge structure monitoring, or monitoring large networks such as power grids. In these environments, faults are very frequent, maintenance and replacement of system components is complicated or expensive, and survivability of the network itself becomes a requirement. In this research, we take an evolutionary approach to implement protocols for reliable and survivable applications for wireless sensor networks. We propose a system with a virtual biological community of organisms living inside an ecosystem composed of sensor nodes and data packets. These organisms execute some of the functions assigned to the network and implement these functions in several ways. Over time, organisms with the best strategies are selected by the natural selection process. As an example, we present a collection protocol called Evolutionary Collection Protocol (ECP) to collect information in a sensor network and send it towards the root node. Organisms in the community execute the routing and data transportation operations in the context of an evolutionary game. Some preliminary results about population dynamics and network operation are presented.
Compounds Exhibiting Selective Efficacy for Different β Subunits of Human Recombinant γ-Aminobutyric AcidA Receptors

Inhibitory GABAA receptor modulators are widely used therapeutic agents for a variety of central nervous system disorders. Ltk– cells stably expressing human recombinant GABAA subunits (α1β1–3γ2s) were seeded into 96-well plates, loaded with chlorocoumarin-2-dimyristoyl phosphatidylethanolamine and bis(1,3-diethyl-2-thiobarbiturate)trimethineoxonol, and rapid fluorescence resonance energy transfer technique (FRET) measurements were made of GABA-evoked depolarizations in low-Cl– buffer using a voltage/ion probe reader. The influence of different βsubunits on the ability of agents to modulate and directly activate the ion channel was examined. GABA evoked concentration-dependent decreases in FRET, increasing fluorescence emission ratio (460/580 nm) at α1β1γ2, α1β2γ2, and α1β3γ2 receptors with similar maximal amplitude (P > 0.05, n = 17) and EC50 values of 2.4 ± 0.2, 2.5 ± 0.2, and 1.3 ± 0.1 μM, respectively. Piperidine-4-sulfonic acid and 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol were less potent, with EC50 values of 8.7 ± 0.9, 9.2 ± 0.5, and 11.7 ± 1.2, and 43.7 ± 6.4, 24.8 ± 1.6, and 26.1 ± 2.4 μM, respectively. Potency and maximal efficacy of propofol, methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-β-carboline-3-carboxylate, pentobarbital, and steroids, 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one and 5β-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one, were unaffected by the β isoform present in the receptor complex. However, several compounds displayed β2/3 subunit selectivity, notably loreclezole, R(–)-etomidate, and a group of anti-inflammatory agents including mefenamic acid, flufenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, tolfenamic acid, niflumic acid, and diflunisal. The anti-inflammatories exhibited varying levels of efficacy at β2/3 subunits, with micromolar potency, while having antagonist or weak inverse agonist profiles at α1β1γ2. Diflunisal was the most efficacious compound, eliciting greater potentiation than loreclezole (90 ± 14% and 109 ± 14% at β3 and β2, respectively, compared with 62 ± 6% and 56 ± 3%), whereas niflumic acid exhibited the lowest efficacy. An additional agent, olsalazine, weakly potentiated responses at all three receptors without any selectivity. This study identifies and characterizes a variety of allosteric modulators for which βsubunits are an important determinant of efficacy and potency.
EXCLUSION ZONES FOR GNSS SIGNALS WHEN RECONFIGURING RECEIVER HARDWARE IN THE PRESENCE OF NARROWBAND RFI

Narrowband interference can severely degrade the performance of GPS receivers. Detecting the presence of interference and then characterizing it can lead to its removal. Receivers can be reconfigured to focus on other signals or satellites that are less vulnerable to that interference at that moment. Using hardware reconfigurability of FPGA receivers and characterizing the effect of narrowband interference on the GNSS signal quality lead us to a new RFI mitigation technique in which the highest quality and less vulnerable signal can be chosen at each moment. In the previous work [6], the post processing capability of a software GPS receiver, has been used to detect and characterize the CW interference. This is achieved by passing the GPS signal and the interference through the correlator. Then, using the conventional definition of C/No as the squared mean of the correlator output divided by its variance, the actual C/No for each satellite is calculated. In this work, first the “Exclusion zone” for each satellite signal has been defined and then by using some experiments the effects of different parameters like signal power, jamming power and the environmental noise power on the Exclusion zone have been analyzed. By monitoring the Doppler frequency of each satellite and using the actual C/No of each satellite using the traditional definition of C/No and actual data from a software GPS receiver, the decision to reconfigure the receiver to other signal can be made.
Differences in the Regulation of Ochratoxin A by the HOG Pathway in Penicillium and Aspergillus in Response to High Osmolar Environments

Penicillium verrucosum, P. nordicum and Aspergillus carbonarius are three important ochratoxin A producing species. P. verrucosum is in addition able to produce citrinin. It has been shown earlier that P. nordicum is adapted to NaCl rich environments like salt rich dry cured foods or even salines. In this organism, the biosynthesis of ochratoxin A plays an adaptive role in this habitat. P. verrucosum generally can be found on cereals, but occasionally also on salt rich dry cured foods. In contrast A. carbonarius usually cannot be found in NaCl rich environments, but it occurs in another environment with high concentration of solutes, e.g., in sugar rich substrates like grapes and grape juices. Usually osmotic challenging conditions activate the HOG MAP kinase signal cascade, which in turn activates various osmo-regulated genes. In the current analysis, it could be demonstrated that in case of P. nordicum and P. verrucosum the NaCl induced production of ochratoxin A is correlated to the phosphorylation status of the HOG MAP kinase. Just the opposite was true for A. carbonarius. In this case, also higher amounts of NaCl in the medium lead to an increased phosphorylation status of HOG, but no increase in ochratoxin biosynthesis was observed. In contrast to the Penicillia, higher NaCl concentrations lead to a rapid cessation of growth by A. carbonarius. High glucose concentrations have much less impact on growth and the phosphorylation of HOG.
Long PCR improves Wolbachia DNA amplification: wsp sequences found in 76% of sixty‐three arthropod species

Bacteria belonging to the genus Wolbachia are associated with a variety of reproductive anomalies in arthropods. Allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (= Standard PCR) routinely has been used to amplify Wolbachia DNA from arthropods. While testing the two‐spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae and other arthropods known to be infected with Wolbachia, Standard PCR frequently produced false negatives, perhaps because the DNA from the arthropod host interfered with amplification by Taq DNA polymerase. Long PCR, which uses two enzymes (Taq and Pwo), consistently amplified Wolbachia DNA and a sensitivity analysis indicated that Long PCR was approximately six orders of magnitude more sensitive than Standard PCR in amplifying plasmid DNA spiked into insect genomic DNA. A survey indicated that 76% of sixty‐two arthropod species and two subspecies in thirteen orders tested positive for the Wolbachia wsp sequence by Long PCR, which is considerably higher than the rate of 16.9% obtained previously for the ftsZ sequence using Standard PCR ( Werren, J.H., Windsor, D. and Gao, L. (1995a)Proc R Soc Lond B 262: 197–204). A subsample of Long PCR products from fourteen arthropod species and two subspecies were sequenced, both directly and after cloning. Two A‐ and eleven B‐Wolbachia strains were detected and their wsp sequences displayed a maximum of 23.7% sequence divergence at this locus. Two new groups (named Fus and Ten) were identified in addition to nineteen reported earlier ( Zhou, W., Rousset, F. and O’Neill, S.L. (1998)Proc R Soc Lond B 265: 1–7; van Meer, M.M. M. , Witteveldt, J. and Stouthamer, R. (1999)Insect Mol Biol 8: 399–408), because they displayed more than 2.5% sequence divergence from other Wolbachia wsp sequences. PCR products from seventeen of twenty‐nine (59%) arthropod species analysed could not be sequenced directly due to apparent infection by multiple Wolbachia strains. The wsp sequences cloned from two such species (Plutella xylostella and Trichoplusia ni) indicated both A‐ and B‐Wolbachia were present in a single individual. Hence, superinfection also may be more widespread than the 1.2% incidence previously estimated.
Toupee or not toupee? The role of instructional set, centrality, and relevance in change blindness

The influence of instructional set, centrality, and relevance on change blindness was examined. In a one-shot paradigm, participants reported alterations of items across pairs of driving scenes under two different instructional conditions. Alterations involved either relocations or disappearances of the same items and included driving-relevant and driving-irrelevant alterations to items of central and marginal interest. Three main findings emerged: Centrality was not a function of driving relevance/meaningfulness, disappearances of central interest items were identified significantly more often than positional changes to them, and instructions highlighting the importance of the task to driving attenuated change blindness. The possible role of a simple listing strategy in mediating successful identification of alterations is discussed. Together, the findings demonstrate that cognitive factors play an important role in change blindness.
Targeted Mutation of the MLN64 START Domain Causes Only Modest Alterations in Cellular Sterol Metabolism*

The StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain, first identified in the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), is involved in the intracellular trafficking of lipids. Sixteen mammalian START domain-containing proteins have been identified to date. StAR, a protein targeted to mitochondria, stimulates the movement of cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membranes, where it is metabolized into pregnenolone in steroidogenic cells. MLN64, the START domain protein most closely related to StAR, is localized to late endosomes along with other proteins involved in sterol trafficking, including NPC1 and NPC2, where it has been postulated to participate in sterol distribution to intracellular membranes. To investigate the role of MLN64 in sterol metabolism, we created mice with a targeted mutation in the Mln64 START domain, expecting to find a phenotype similar to that in humans and mice lacking NPC1 or NPC2 (progressive neurodegenerative symptoms, free cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes). Unexpectedly, mice homozygous for the Mln64 mutant allele were viable, neurologically intact, and fertile. No significant alterations in plasma lipid levels, liver lipid content and distribution, and expression of genes involved in sterol metabolism were observed, except for an increase in sterol ester storage in mutant mice fed a high fat diet. Embryonic fibroblast cells transfected with the cholesterol side-chain cleavage system and primary cultures of granulosa cells from Mln64 mutant mice showed defects in sterol trafficking as reflected in reduced conversion of endogenous cholesterol to steroid hormones. These observations suggest that the Mln64 START domain is largely dispensable for sterol metabolism in mice.
Transfronteriza pre-service teachers managing, resisting, and coping with the demands of mathematical discourse

This article reports on a case study of a college class for pre-service teachers on the US–Mexico border in which students participated in in-depth discussion around mathematical problems every day. This pedagogical approach promotes the socialization of students into and through the specialized discourse of mathematics. The focus of this paper is on the experience of transfronterizo students in that course. Transfronterizos are Mexican residents who periodically cross the border to attend school. For these students, whose educational background in Mexico allowed them to develop proficiency in elementary mathematical discourse in Spanish, their socialization experience includes ways in which they draw on language, and other social and learning experiences in Mexico. The focus of this paper is an assignment called Thinking Logs, a genre that required the use of mathematical discourse for teaching. Drawing on data gathered from participant observation of the course, interviews, analysis of study session discourse, and genre analysis, I highlight agentive ways that each participant used in their own socialization process. I show how participants improvised writing of models, asked for clarification in the first language, and even resisted the discourse. Students who resisted the demands might incur negative effects. Furthermore, I argue that the role of the guidance from an expert (such as a professor) is imperative in a socialization process, and I offer implications for ways that teachers can guide second language writers to develop mathematics discourse.
Analog Spatial Cancellation for Tackling the Near-Far Problem in Wirelessly Powered Communications

The implementation of wireless power transfer in wireless communication systems opens up a new research area, known as wirelessly powered communications (WPC). In next-generation heterogeneous networks where ultradense small-cell base stations are deployed, simultaneous-wireless-information-and-power-transfer (SWIPT) is feasible over short ranges. One challenge for designing a WPC system is the severe near-far problem where a user attempts to decode an information-transfer (IT) signal in the presence of extremely strong SWIPT signals. Jointly quantizing the mixed signals causes the IT signal to be completely corrupted by quantization noise, and thus the SWIPT signals have to be suppressed in the analog domain. This motivates the design of a framework in this paper for analog spatial cancellation in a multiantenna WPC system. In the framework, an analog circuit consisting of simple phase shifters and adders is adapted to cancel the SWIPT signals by multiplying it with a cancellation matrix having unit-modulus elements and full rank, where the full rank retains the spatial-multiplexing gain of the IT channel. The unit-modulus constraints render the conventional zero-forcing method unsuitable. Therefore, this paper presents a novel systematic approach for constructing cancellation matrices. For the single-SWIPT-interferer case, the matrices are obtained as truncated Fourier/Hadamard matrices after compensating for propagation phase shifts over the SWIPT channel. For the more challenging multiple-SWIPT-interferer case, it is proposed that each row of the cancellation matrix is constructed as a Kronecker product of component vectors, with each component vectors designed to null the signal from a corresponding SWIPT interferer similarly as in the preceding case.
The Impact of News Media Favorability and Candidate Events in Presidential Campaigns

Although campaigns are the most obvious means by which American voters receive information about candidates and issues, there is strong resistance to the notion that they influence presidential elections. Recent analyses, however, argue that campaign events can produce statistically significant alterations in the aggregate distribution of voters' preferences. This study examines presidential campaign effects in the 1992 and 1996 U.S. elections and features three departures from previous studies: (a) a clearer understanding of campaigning and candidate events, facilitating a more precise idea of what is being tested; (b) detailed data on television and newspaper coverage of the campaign, allowing the measurement of news media effects; and (c) time series data on candidate support that have been purged of undesirable statistical properties. The main hypothesis is that the interaction between events and the favorability of news media coverage drives much of the change in voters' preferences. The data show th.
Benefits of Notetaking: Implications for Secondary and Postsecondary Students with Learning Disabilities

Notetaking is the primary method used by secondary and postsecondary students with learning disabilities (LD) to acquire lecture information. The literature on notetaking was reviewed to obtain an empirical base for designing effective notetaking programming and identifying critical areas for future research. Results include the benefits of recording and reviewing notes as well as identification of listener- and lecturer-controlled variables that influence effective notetaking. Findings are discussed in relation to the learner characteristics of secondary and postsecondary LD students.
A Case of True Hermaphrodite Presenting as Cyclical Hematuria

True hermaphrodite (also known as ovotesticular disorder of sexual development or ovotesticular-DSD), is one of the rare varieties of disorder of sexual development. It is characterized by histologically confirmed both ovarian and testicular tissue in one individual. Here we report the case of a16-year-old phenotypic male with 46, XX genotype(true hermaphrodite) presenting with cyclical hematuria and histologically diagnosed as ovotestis.