Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selective transport of zinc, manganese, nickel, cobalt and cadmium in the root system and transfer to the leaves in young wheat plants.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The uptake, translocation and redistribution of the heavy metals zinc, manganese, nickel, cobalt and cadmium are relevant for plant nutrition as well as for the quality of harvested plant products. The long-distance transport of these heavy metals within the root system and the release to the shoot in young wheat (Triticum aestivum 'Arina') plants were investigated. METHODS After the application of 65Zn, 54Mn, 63Ni, 57Co and 109Cd for 24 h to one seminal root (the other seminal roots being excised) of 54-h-old wheat seedlings, the labelled plants were incubated for several days in hydroponic culture on a medium without radionuclides. KEY RESULTS The content of 65Zn decreased quickly in the labelled part of the root. After the transfer of 65Zn from the roots to the shoot, a further redistribution in the phloem from older to younger leaves was observed. In contrast to 65Zn, 109Cd was released more slowly from the roots to the leaves and was subsequently redistributed in the phloem to the youngest leaves only at trace levels. The content of 63Ni decreased quickly in the labelled part of the root, moving to the newly formed parts of the root system and also accumulating transiently in the expanding leaves. The 54Mn content decreased quickly in the labelled part of the root and increased simultaneously in leaf 1. A strong retention in the labelled part of the root was observed after supplying 57Co. CONCLUSIONS The dynamics of redistribution of 65Zn, 54Mn, 63Ni, 57Co and 109Cd differed considerably. The rapid redistribution of 63Ni from older to younger leaves throughout the experiment indicated a high mobility in the phloem, while 54Mn was mobile only in the xylem and 57Co was retained in the labelled root without being loaded into the xylem.
Parsimony analysis of coevolving species associa-tions

Parsimony analysis of host-parasite associations is based on coevolutionary models specifying relevant events, and costs associated with each of these events. Several alternative models and cost assignments have been proposed but the relations between them and other conceivable models and cost assignments have not been examined. Here, I define some desirable properties of parsimony methods and use them to explore a model space, which is a superset of the discussed possibilities. I find that there are only five valid models, each associated with specific cost constraints. All five models, or close analogues of them, have been discussed in the literature. Brooks Parsimony Analysis, formerly not associated with a model, is shown to be a close approximation of an event-based method in which switches are weighted according to the relatedness of the hosts involved in the shift. I review progress in the development of algorithms and compare alternative strategies used for significance testing. I describe new solutions to the problems of treating parasites with multiple hosts, for dealing with uncertainty in phylogenetic estimates, and for optimising event costs. I show that parsimony analysis is superior to methods maximising cospeciation, both in identifying general historical constraints in host-parasite associations and in sorting out well-supported cospeciation events when cospeciation is mixed with other processes, such as independent parasite speciation or host switching. The described techniques are implemented in the freely available program TreeFitter.
Investigating the role of the collective efficacy of teachers in fiscal efficiency and student achievement

Using variables from two specific strands within the body of educational research, that is, economic theory and organizational theory, a series of hypotheses and a set of theoretical models of student achievement were developed and tested. Student Instructional Ratio (SIR) and Student Services Ratio (SSR), measures of fiscal efficiency, were the variables selected from the economic literature base. Collective efficacy of teachers, teachers’ perceptions that the efforts of the faculty as a whole will have a positive influence on students, represented the organizational variable. In addition to these variables, socioeconomic status (SES) and prior student achievement were included in the study as control variables. The theoretical models advanced within the study predicted that SIR as well as SSR had an indirect effect on student achievement through the collective efficacy of teachers. To test these models, data were collected from 146 elementary schools within the state of Ohio. Correlational analysis and structural equation modeling techniques were employed to analyze the data and determine the validity of the models. The results of this investigation failed to support the hypotheses that SIR or SSR had an indirect effect on student achievement through the collective efficacy of teachers.
Simplification of the Learning Phase in the Alpha-Beta Associative Memories

An associative memory is a system that relates input patterns and output patterns, furthermore is able to recover the output vector associated although the input pattern was contaminated by some kind of noise. Alpha beta associative memories are robust to subtractive and additive noise and are one of the fastest associative memories besides other qualities. In this paper we show a way to reduce the number of operations in the learning phase. The operation alpha used in the learning phase allow us to propose 8 theorems; with those theorems is possible to construct an alternative learning method. By this method, the number of alpha operations needed to learning each pattern is reduced and replaced by assignations, furthermore we also eliminate the min and max operations. This reduces the learning time drastically with either big dimension patterns or a big number of patterns.
Automatic Selection of Learning Bias for Active Sampling

The classification task, when performed by machine learning algorithms, requires previous training on labeled instances. In many applications, the data labeling process is expensive and can affect the predictive performance of classification models. A current solution has been the use of active learning, which investigates strategies for data labeling. Its main goal is to decide which instances should be labeled and added to the training set, reducing the overall labeling costs. However, the strategy normally depends on a learning algorithm, which should be chosen by a machine learning specialist - usually based on a cross-validation procedure. Consequently, there is a deadlock: without the complete training set, the algorithm that will present the best learning curve cannot be known in advance. Ideally, some type of automatic selection should be employed to solve this deadlock. This study investigates the use of meta-learning for automatic algorithm selection in active learning tasks. Experimental results show that meta-learning is able to find correspondences between algorithms and dataset features in order to help active learning to reduce the risks of incurring in unexpected labeling costs.
A pattern recognition-based methods for genetic networks construction with alcohol-related disease

Recently improvements in the accessibility of high-throughput genotyping have brought a deal of attention to genome-wide association studies for common complex diseases. Although, such diseases can be caused by multi-loci interactions. Locus-by-locus studies are prevailing. Recently, two-loci analysis has been shown promising. And multi-loci analysis is expected to find even deeper disease-associated interactions. Here, we focused on the relationship between the genetic interactions and the pathogenesis. From computational systems biological and three dimensional viewpoints, this work carefully review on identifying tar-get genes based on SNP genetic profiles for alcohol-related diseases, reverse engineering genetic networks from multi-levels (SNPs dummy networks, gene interaction networks) and map these heterogeneous networks from biology and topology. We propose mining approach to extract the relevant SNPs for alcoholism using sib-pair IBD profiles of pedigrees. Application to the Genetic Analysis Workshop 14 (GAW14) real dataset that the proposed ensemble decision approach has successfully identified most of the true loci, thus implicating that IBD statistic could be used as one of the informatics for mining the genetic underpins for complex human diseases. In the last section of this paper, the significance of these findings in the context of biological processes of alcoholism related disease is discussed. This study represents a pioneering and systematic endeavor to probe the underlying genetic complexities for complex diseases.
Partial information relaying with multiple relays and destination nodes

Partial Information Relaying is a novel cooperative communication technique in which a relay forwards only partial information of the received data. By reducing the amount of forwarding data in cooperating phase, fast forwarding is made possible. Hence, it enables to increase an overall rate to adapt to instantaneous channel gains. To realize this method, the transmitted signal from source is divided into two layers - basic layer which is transmitted from source to destination directly and superposition coding (SC) layer via source-relay-destination link. In this paper, we study how to apply this scheme in a cooperation model with multiple relays and destinations. We propose several ways for forwarding the signals at a relay and show that under different channel gains, solving an optimization problem is an efficient way to achieve a better overall rate than a conventional Partial Information Relaying scheme.
Interplay between stakeholders of the management of a river (Version 1)

The model is the SocLab formalization of a sociological investigation performed at the renewal of the Flood Risk Prevention Plan of the Touch river. Ten main stakeholders are considered – local representative and inhabitants, State agencies, political authorities and engineering firms – each one with his own representation and interests about ecological health, urbanism, economic and agricultural activities, safety and so on, and worrying about strengthening his position. The model of the structure of the social game relies upon the resources mastered by each actor and their usefulness for everyone. Simulations compute to what extend each social actor is likely to cooperate with the collective and what is the resulting capability for each one to get means to achieve his objectives. The interpretation of the simulation outcomes completed with analytical data allows to bring answers to the following questions: Hypothesis 1: To be the obligatory passage point of the actor-network, is that SIAH has enough power to somehow constrain other actors? Hypothesis 2: Purposing to play an important role and to introduce a change in the management of flood risk, is that SIAH has the means to do so? Hypothesis 3: In the enrolment of other actors on the service of an hydromorphological management of the river, is that SIAH has powerful allies? Hypothesis 4: Is that the agreement on the ” Territorial Public Interest ” is confirmed by the absence of major conflicts in the system of action?
A systemic approach to automatic metadata extraction from multimedia content

There is a need for automatic processing and extracting of meaningful metadata from multimedia information, especially in the audiovisual industry. This higher level information is used in a variety of practices, such as enriching multimedia content with external links, clickable objects and useful related information in general. This paper presents a system for efficient multimedia content analysis and automatic annotation within a multimedia processing and publishing framework. This system is comprised of three modules: the first provides detection of faces and recognition of known persons; the second provides generic object detection, based on a deep convolutional neural network topology; the third provides automated location estimation and landmark recognition based on state-of-the-art technologies. The results are exported in meaningful metadata that can be utilized in various ways. The system has been developed and successfully tested in the framework of the EC Horizon 2020 Mecanex project, targeting advertising and production markets.
Random Sampling from B+ Trees

We consider the design and analysis of algorithms to retrieve simple random samples from databases. Specifically, we examine simple random sampling from B+ tree files. Existing methods of sampling from B+ trees, require the use of auxiliary rank information in the nodes of the tree. Such modified B+ tree files are called “ranked B+ trees”. We compare sampling from ranked Bt tree files, with new acceptance/rejection (A/R) sampling methods which sample directly from standard B+ trees. Our new A/R sampling algorithm can easily be retrofit to existing DBMSs, and does not require the overhead of maintaining rank information. We consider both iterative and batch sampling methods.
Paracrine Network: Another Step in the Complexity of Resistance to EGFR Blockade?

Increased secretion of EGFR ligands amphiregulin and TGFα by limited KRAS-mutant clones is suggested as a paracrine resistance mechanism to anti-EGFR antibodies in colorectal cancer models. These findings are biologically sound but need to be replicated, including in the clinical setting, to foresee whether they are clinically relevant and therapeutically exploitable. Clin Cancer Res; 20(24); 6227–9. ©2014 AACR.
Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health in Ethiopia and Rwanda: A Qualitative Exploration of the Role of Social Norms

This article seeks to address the dearth of evidence on early adolescent understandings and experiences of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in Ethiopia and Rwanda, drawing on a multisite qualitative research study with 10- to 12-year-old and 14- to 15-year-old male and female adolescents and a range of adult participants. The article is informed by a conceptual framework that draws on Amartya Sen’s capability approach, which calls for investments in a broad set of assets that expand individuals’ capacity to “be” and to “do. ” Using SRH as a focal lens, the article considers the role played by gendered social norms in adolescents’ experiences of SRH-related understandings and experiences. Three key interrelated gender themes emerge from our thematic analyses of qualitative evidence generated by our multimethods approach: puberty transitions, sexuality, and victim blaming. In our analyses, we pay attention to diversity (e.g., age, gender, place of residence) among adolescents within and across the two focal countries and consider how discriminatory gendered social norms play a role in hindering the effective uptake of expanding health services. We conclude by emphasizing the need for program designers and implementers to address the role of underlying social norms in a more strategic and context-specific way to help young people navigate their sexual and reproductive lives.
FOCUS2: agile and sensitive classification of metagenomics data using a reduced database

Summary Metagenomics approaches rely on identifying the presence of organisms in the microbial community from a set of unknown DNA sequences. Sequence classification has valuable applications in multiple important areas of medical and environmental research. Here we introduce FOCUS2, an update of the previously published computational method FOCUS. FOCUS2 was tested with 10 simulated and 543 real metagenomes demonstrating that the program is more sensitive, faster, and more computationally efficient than existing methods. Availability The Python implementation is freely available at https://edwards.sdsu. edu/FOCUS2. Supplementary information available at Bioinformatics online.
Visualizing the Blogosphere with BlogConnect

It can be highly meaningful for individuals, institutions and even governments to extract reliable and insightful trends, opinions or particular pieces of information out of the network single web logs are embedded in - the blogo sphere. However, there has been virtually little in the way of user interfaces designed for the exploration and information gathering from the blogo sphere as a whole to allow for an integrated knowledge collection and information extraction tool. Users have to rely on their own capability to find, select or filter entries and navigate through this complex network, a task that can easily become tedious. An approach to solve this problem could be BLOGCONNECT presented in the following, a tool to visualize the inherent network characteristics of and the aggregated knowledge pool of the blogosphere.
Comparative field study evaluating the activity of recombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein in plasma samples at clinical haemostasis laboratories

Discrepancies exist for some of the modified coagulation factors when assayed with different one‐stage clotting and chromogenic substrate assay reagents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a recombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein (rFVIIIFc), currently in clinical development for the treatment of severe haemophilia A, in a variety of one‐stage clotting and chromogenic substrate assays in clinical haemostasis laboratories. Haemophilic plasma samples spiked with rFVIIIFc or Advate® at 0.05, 0.20 or 0.80 IU mL−1 were tested by 30 laboratories using their routine procedures and plasma standards. Data were evaluated for intra‐ and inter‐laboratory variation, accuracy and possible rFVIIIFc‐specific assay discrepancies. For the one‐stage assay, mean recovery was 95% to 100% of expected for both Advate® and rFVIIIFc at 0.8 IU mL−1. Intra‐laboratory percent coefficient of variance (CV) ranged from 6.3% to 7.8% for Advate®, and 6.0% to 10.3% for rFVIIIFc. Inter‐laboratory CV ranged from 10% for Advate® and 16% for rFVIIIFc at 0.8 IU mL−1, to over 30% at 0.05 IU mL−1 for both products. For the chromogenic substrate assay, the average FVIII recovery was 107% ± 5% and 124% ± 8% of label potency across the three concentrations of Advate® and rFVIIIFc, respectively. Plasma rFVIIIFc levels can be monitored by either the one‐stage or the chromogenic substrate assay routinely performed in clinical laboratories without the need for a product‐specific rFVIIIFc laboratory standard. Accuracy by the one‐stage assay was comparable to that of Advate®, while marginally higher results may be observed for rFVIIIFc when using the chromogenic assay.
Title: Inhibition of the Slow Afterhyperpolarization Restores the Classical Spike-timing Dependent 2 Plasticity Rule Obeyed in Layer 2/3 Pyramidal Cells of the Prefrontal Cortex 3 Running Title: Inhibition of Sahp Restores Stdp Rule 4 5

1 Title: Inhibition of the slow afterhyperpolarization restores the classical spike-timing dependent 2 plasticity rule obeyed in layer 2/3 pyramidal cells of the prefrontal cortex 3 Running title: Inhibition of sAHP restores STDP rule 4 5 Aleksey V. Zaitsev and Roger Anwyl 6 Department of Physiology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; I.M. Sechenov Institute of 7 Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia 8 9 Corresponding author: Roger Anwyl 10 Address: Department of Physiology, Trinity College, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland 11 e-mail: ranwyl@tcd.ie 12 13 14 15 16 17 Articles in PresS. J Neurophysiol (October 5, 2011). doi:10.1152/jn.00452. 2011
A Graphical Model for Chord Progressions

Chord progressions are the building blocks from which tonal music is constructed. Inferring chord progressions is thus an essential step towards modeling long term dependencies in music. In this paper, a distributed representation for chords is designed such that Euclidean distances roughly correspond to psychoacoustic similarities. Graphical models observing chord progressions are then compared in terms of conditional outof-sample likelihood. Both perceptual and statistical evidence show that binary trees related to meter are well suited to capture chord dependencies.
A new image binary segmentation algorithm based on frequency domain

In this paper, a new image binary segmentation algorithm in frequency domain is proposed. After analysing the Fourier transformation, Gaussian kernel function is modified that a new parameter named compression factor is added into, a binary result of the image can be obtained easily and quickly through controlling this new parameter's range. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can get satisfactory binary segmentations with a low computational complexity, and the results are better than some traditional binary segmentation algorithms.
Selling robustness margins: A framework for optimizing reserve capacities for linear systems

This paper proposes a method for solving robust optimal control problems with modulated uncertainty sets. We consider constrained uncertain linear systems and interpret the uncertainty sets as “robustness margins” or “reserve capacities”. In particular, given a certain reward for offering such a reserve capacity, we address the problem of determining the optimal size and shape of the uncertainty set, i.e. how much reserve capacity our system should offer. By assuming polyhedral constraints, restricting the class of the uncertainty sets and using affine decision rules, we formulate a convex program to solve this problem. We discuss several specific families of uncertainty sets, whose respective constraints can be reformulated as linear constraints, second-order cone constraints, or linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example demonstrates our approach.
Effects of a Less Prescriptive, Student-Centered College Curriculum on Satisfaction, Attitudes and Achievement.

EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS *Academic Achievement; Cognitive Tests; *College Freshmen; College Students; Comparative Analysis; Curriculum Development; *Curriculum Evaluation; Educational Research; Higher Education; Instructional Innovation; Interdisciplinary Approach; Statistical Analysis; *Student Attitudes; Technical Reports; Test Results; *Tests IDENTIFIERS CEEB English Achievement; *Hiram College; Ohio; Omnibus Personality Inventory; Satisfaction with Hiram Scales; Survey of College. Achievement Scales
Studies in the Logic of Explanation

To explain the phenomena in the world of our experience, to answer the question "why? " rather than only the question "what? ", is one of the foremost objectives of all rational inquiry; and especially, scientific research in its various branches strives to go beyond a mere description of its subject matter by providing an explanation of the phenomena it investigates. While there is rather general agreement about this chief objective of science, there exists considerable difference of opinion as to the function and the essential characteristics of scientific explanation. In the present essay, an attempt will be made to shed some light on these issues by means of an elementary survey of the basic pattern of scientific explanation and a subsequent more rigorous analysis of the concept of law and of the logical structure of explanatory arguments. The elementary survey is presented in Part I of this article; Part II contains an analysis of the concept of emergence; in Part III, an attempt is made to exhibit and to clarify in a more rigorous manner some of the peculiar and perplexing logical problems to which the familiar elementary analysis of explanation gives rise. Part IV, finally, is devoted to an examination of the idea of explanatory power of a theory; an explicit definition, and, based on it, a formal theory of this concept are developed for the case of a scientific language of simple logical structure.