Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WINGS:Writing with Intelligent Guidance and Suggestions

Without inspirations, writing may be a frustrating task for most people. In this study, we designed and implemented WINGS, a Chinese input method extended on IBus-Pinyin with intelligent writing assistance. In addition to supporting common Chinese input, WINGS mainly attempts to spark users’ inspirations by recommending both word level and sentence level writing suggestions. The main strategies used by WINGS, including providing syntactically and semantically related words based on word vector representation and recommending contextually related sentences based on LDA, are discussed and described. Experimental results suggest that WINGS can facilitate Chinese writing in an effective and creative manner.
Acm Symposium on Solid Modeling and Applications (2004) Residual Iteration and Accurate Polynomial Evaluation for Shape-interrogation Applications

Surface interrogation and intersection depend crucially on good root-finding algorithms, which in turn depend on accurate polynomial evaluation. Conventional algorithms for evaluation typically encounter difficulties near multiple roots, or tz~ots that are very close, and this may lead to gross errors in the geometric computation, or even catastrophic failure. In this paper we study the cost and accuracy of several approaches to polynomial evaluation, explaining the reasons for non-convergence of certain methods, and supporting our subsequent conclusions with the results of benchmarking experiments. Many important problems in CAD and CAGD reduce directly to solving systems of nonlinear polynomial equations of the form p(x) = 0, where p and x are in Euclidean spaces of possibly different dimension. Such problems include the calculation of intersections, distance functions, and curvature extrema [PMS 02]. The usual difficulties solving nonlinear polynomial equations are exacerbated when dealing with multiple roots. Such cases arise at surface intersections that are tangential or singular. Even the evaluation of polynomials near multiple roots turns out to be of reduced accuracy. Inaccuracies in these fundamental tasks can lead to gross errors in the geometric computation, or even catastrophic failure [Hof 01 ]. As a part of a project which includes finding more robust surface intersection evaluators [CARGO] we are reexamining these issues from the ground up. Arguing from first principles, it is clear that accurate root finding cannot succeed without accurate polynomial evaluation. Focusing specifically on this subproblem, we study in this paper the cost and feasibility of accurate floating-point evaluation using various approaches that have been proposed before. Tangential or singular surface intersections arise often by design in fairing operations and in blending operations. Curvature-continuous surface intersections are not uncommon in ship-hull design. In such demanding situations, some authors attempt to increase the certainty of the numerical evaluation of the geometry by employing interval-arithmetic enclosure methods, e.g, [Pat 03]. Here, a common problem near multiple roots is that the enclosure algorithm cannot exclude the presence of a root in many intervals near the true root because the polynomial evaluation is not accurate enough. Thus, accurate polynomial evaluation has significant impact on CAD in a number of critical situations. CAD systems create complex geometry with tangential and curvature-continuous contacts based on user specifications and proprietary algorithms. As long as the created geometry remains under the control of the CAD system, the difficulties of tangential and near-tangential intersection computations can be …
The Use of Green Coffee Extract as a Weight Loss Supplement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials

The purpose of this paper is to assess the efficacy of green coffee extract (GCE) as a weight loss supplement, using data from human clinical trials. Electronic and nonelectronic searches were conducted to identify relevant articles, with no restrictions in time or language. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. Five eligible trials were identified, and three of these were included. All studies were associated with a high risk of bias. The meta-analytic result reveals a significant difference in body weight in GCE compared with placebo (mean difference: −2.47 kg; 95%CI: −4.23, −0.72). The magnitude of the effect is moderate, and there is significant heterogeneity amongst the studies. It is concluded that the results from these trials are promising, but the studies are all of poor methodological quality. More rigorous trials are needed to assess the usefulness of GCE as a weight loss tool.
The implications of fit between planning environments and manufacturing planning and control methods

The applicability of manufacturing planning and control methods differs between environments. This paper explains the fit between the planning environment and material and capacity planning on the detailed material planning and shop‐floor planning levels. The study is based on a conceptual discussion and a survey of 84 Swedish manufacturing companies. Results show the use of planning methods and their levels of user satisfaction in complex customer order production, configure to order production, batch production of standardized products and repetitive mass production, respectively.
A Sparse-Interpolated Scheme for Implementing Adaptive Volterra Filters

In most practical applications, the major drawback for using adaptive Volterra filters is the large number of coefficients to cope with. Several research works discussing strategies to reduce the computational burden of these structures have been presented in the open literature. For such, a common approach has been the use of some type of sparseness in Volterra filter kernels. In this work, a sparse-interpolated approach, with the interpolation having the purpose of recreating (in an approximate way) the elements disregarded for obtaining sparse kernels, is presented and discussed. Thus, for the adaptive sparse-interpolated Volterra filter, coefficient update expressions considering both least-mean-square (LMS) and normalized LMS (NLMS) algorithms are derived by using a constrained approach. In general, the proposed strategy outperforms other sparse schemes in terms of the tradeoff between computational complexity and mean-square error (MSE) performance, as shown through numerical simulations.
Platelets Contain Interleukin‐1 Alpha and Beta which are Detectable on the Cell Surface After Activation

Activated platelets have been shown previously to exhibit membrane‐bound IL‐1 bioactivity, which leads to the question of localization of the cytokine in platelets. Using immunocytological and flow cytometric techniques, we found IL‐la and IL‐Iβ in the cytoplasma of both resting and thrombin‐activated platelets. Immunogold‐silver staining of the cell surface of activated platelets as well as pre‐embedding antibody treatment of platelets revealed the presence of IL‐1 (α and β) in low density on the surface of intact cells in contrast to distinct enrichment in the cytoplasma of damaged platelets. Fibrin fibres present between cells indicated adsorbance of IL‐1. There was also weak binding of anti‐IL‐1α to the surface of thrombin‐activated platelets as shown by flow cytometry. Following activation there appears to be some transfer of IL‐1 onto the cell surface of activated cells, the bulk of the cytokine, however, is probably not released prior to platelet disintegration. In summary, we present evidence for the presence of both IL‐1α and IL‐1β in resting and activated platelets without being able to demonstrate localization of the cytokines to specific subcellular structures.
Hybrid relaying and jamming for secure two-way relay networks with per-node power constraint

Cooperative relaying and jamming are two efficient schemes to improve the physical-layer security of a wireless transmission in the presence of an eavesdropper. In this paper, we propose a hybrid cooperative relaying and jamming mechanism to enhance the security of a two-way relay network, where some intermediate nodes adopt distributed beamforming to improve the channel quality to legitimate terminals and others jam the eavesdropper, simultaneously. Subjected to the more practical per-node power constraint of each cooperative node, we propose a secrecy scheme to maximize the secrecy sum rate of the two terminals. It is shown that the problem can be transformed into a semi-definite programming (SDP) problem with an additional rank-1 constraint. We then propose a penalty function method and an iterative algorithm to solve such a problem efficiently, instead of the popular semi-definite relaxation (SDR) and randomization technique in the previous literature. Simulations show that the proposed hybrid schemes greatly improve the security of the two-way relay networks.
Precursors to Natural Grammar Learning: Preliminary Evidence from 4-Month-Old Infants

When learning a new language, grammar—although difficult—is very important, as grammatical rules determine the relations between the words in a sentence. There is evidence that very young infants can detect rules determining the relation between neighbouring syllables in short syllable sequences. A critical feature of all natural languages, however, is that many grammatical rules concern the dependency relation between non-neighbouring words or elements in a sentence i.e. between an auxiliary and verb inflection as in is singing. Thus, the issue of when and how children begin to recognize such non-adjacent dependencies is fundamental to our understanding of language acquisition. Here, we use brain potential measures to demonstrate that the ability to recognize dependencies between non-adjacent elements in a novel natural language is observable by the age of 4 months. Brain responses indicate that 4-month-old German infants discriminate between grammatical and ungrammatical dependencies in auditorily presented Italian sentences after only brief exposure to correct sentences of the same type. As the grammatical dependencies are realized by phonologically distinct syllables the present data most likely reflect phonologically based implicit learning mechanisms which can serve as a precursor to later grammar learning.
The Characteristics of the Normal-Zone Propagation of the HTS Coils With Inserted Cu Tape Instead of Electrical Insulation

In the case of motors and generators, the benefits of using superconductors could be represented by the reduction of 50% in both losses and sizes compared to the conventional machines of the same rating. The high temperature superconducting (HTS) coils wound with HTS conductors have very low normal zone propagation velocity (NZPV) and complicated quench behaviors because the conductors have a low thermal conductivity and large specific heat. According to these reasons, in case of HTS coils and magnets, it is difficult to expect the self-protection like as low temperature superconducting (LTS) coils. In this paper, we suggest a method which inserts the Cu tape between turn-turn winding in the HTS coil instead of electrical insulation to improve the self-protection ability of HTS coils. Because the thermal and electrical contacts along the transverse direction are enhanced by inserted Cu tape instead of insulator and the whole thermal stability of HTS coils would be increased. To clarify the quench behavior of this suggested coil, we investigate the normal-zone propagation properties of the fabricated HTS pancake coils wound with 2G conductor and Cu tape under the cryocooled operation using GM cryocooler. The effects of inserted Cu tape and the improved the self-protection ability for the suggested HTS coil will be discussed.
Comparative DNA analysis across diverse genomes.

We review concepts and methods for comparative analysis of complete genomes including assessments of genomic compositional contrasts based on dinucleotide and tetranucleotide relative abundance values, identifications of rare and frequent oligonucleotides, evaluations and interpretations of codon biases in several large prokaryotic genomes, and characterizations of compositional asymmetry between the two DNA strands in certain bacterial genomes. The discussion also covers means for identifying alien (e.g. laterally transferred) genes and detecting potential specialization islands in bacterial genomes.
A type-theoretic foundation for programming with higher-order abstract syntax and first-class substitutions

Higher-order abstract syntax (HOAS) is a simple, powerful technique for implementing object languages, since it directly supports common and tricky routines dealing with variables, such as capture-avoiding substitution and renaming. This is achieved by representing binders in the object-language via binders in the meta-language. However, enriching functional programming languages with direct support for HOAS has been a major challenge, because recursion over HOAS encodings requires one to traverse lambda-abstractions and necessitates programming with open objects. We present a novel type-theoretic foundation based on contextual modal types which allows us to recursively analyze open terms via higher-order pattern matching. By design, variables occurring in open terms can never escape their scope. Using several examples, we demonstrate that our framework provides a name-safe foundation to operations typically found in nominal systems. In contrast to nominal systems however, we also support capture-avoiding substitution operations and even provide first-class substitutions to the programmer. The main contribution of this paper is a syntax-directed bi-directional type system where we distinguish between the data language and the computation language together with the progress and preservation proof for our language.
Analysis of Heart Beat Dynamics through Singularity Spectrum

The analysis to detect arrhythmias and life-threatening conditions are highly essential in today world and this analysis can be accomplished by advanced non-linear processing methods for accurate analysis of the complex signals of heartbeat dynamics. In this perspective, recent developments in the field of multiscale information content have lead to the Microcanonical Multiscale Formalism (MMF). We show that such framework provides several signal analysis techniques that are especially adapted to the study of heartbeat dynamics. In this paper, we just show first hand results of whether the considered heartbeat dynamics signals have the multiscale properties by computing local preticability exponents (LPEs) and the Unpredictable Points Manifold (UPM), and thereby computing the singularity spectrum. Keywords—Microcanonical Multiscale Formalism (MMF), Unpredictable Points Manifold (UPM), Heartbeat Dynamics.
Transport Level Security: a proof using the Gong-Needham-Yahalom Logic

This paper provides a proof of the proposed Internet standard Transport Level Security protocol using the Gong-Needham-Yahalom logic. It is intended as a teaching aid and hopes to show to students: the potency of a formal method for protocol design; some of the subtleties of authenticating parties on a network where all messages can be intercepted; the design of what should be a widely accepted standard.
Connectionist Approaches to Reading

Reading is a highly complex task, involving the rapid coordination of visual, phonological, semantic and linguistic processes. Computational models have played a key role in the scientiﬁc study of reading. These models allow us to explore the implications of speciﬁc hypotheses concerning the representations and processes underlying reading acquisition and performance. A particular form of computational modeling, known as connectionist or neural network modeling, offers the further advantage of being explicit about how such mechanisms might be implemented in the brain
Comparing images under variable illumination

We consider the problem of determining whether two images come from different objects or the same object in the same pose, but under different illumination conditions. We show that this problem cannot be solved using hard constraints: even using a Lambertian reflectance model, there is always an object and a pair of lighting conditions consistent with any two images. Nevertheless, we show that for point sources and objects with Lambertian reflectance, the ratio of two images from the same object is simpler than the ratio of images from different objects. We also show that the ratio of the two images provides two of the three distinct values in the Hessian matrix of the object's surface. Using these observations, we develop a simple measure for matching images under variable illumination, comparing its performance to other existing methods on a database of 450 images of 10 individuals.
Optical properties of human hair

Optical properties of human hair are the subject of great interest for the realization of any possible cosmetic applications. This paper represents the results of hair microstructure as an optical substance investigation, indicates melanin and keratin absorption spectra, and shows experimentally discovered anisotropia of optical properties of human hair. Radiation weakening coefficient value at the range from 450 up to 800 nm is estimated. Thresholds of hair destruction by Nd, Ho, Cu, and Er laser radiation are obtained. Perspectives of laser application for epilation and other medical purposes are evaluated.
A Single-supply True Voltage Level Shifter

When a signal traverses on-chip voltage domains, a level shifter is required. Inverters can handle a high to low voltage shift with minimal leakage. For a low to high voltage level translation, inverters tend to consume a large amount of leakage power, and hence special circuits have been proposed for this type of translation. This paper reports a novel single-supply "true" (in the sense that it can handle a low to high, or high to low voltage level conversion) voltage level shifter, which can handle low-to-high and high-to-low voltage translation. Such a requirement arises in many modern ICs or systems-on-chip (SoCs). The use of single supply voltage reduces circuit complexity by eliminating the need for routing both supply voltages. The proposed circuit was extensively simulated in a 90 nm technology using SPICE. Simulation results demonstrate that the level shifter is able to perform voltage level shifting with low leakage for both low to high, as well as high to low voltage level translation. We have validated the correct operation of the proposed level shifter under process and temperature variations as well.
Distributed Optimization Design of Continuous-Time Multiagent Systems With Unknown-Frequency Disturbances

In this paper, a distributed optimization problem is studied for continuous-time multiagent systems with unknown-frequency disturbances. A distributed gradient-based control is proposed for the agents to achieve the optimal consensus with estimating unknown frequencies and rejecting the bounded disturbance in the semi-global sense. Based on convex optimization analysis and adaptive internal model approach, the exact optimization solution can be obtained for the multiagent system disturbed by exogenous disturbances with uncertain parameters.
Capecitabine and Vinorelbine in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer Previously Treated with Anthracycline and Taxane

We have evaluated the efficacy and safety of the combination of capecitabine and vinorelbine in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients previously treated with anthracycline-and taxane-containing regimens. Between April 2000 and September 2002, 44 female MBC patients received oral capecitabine (1,250 mg/m2 twice daily on days 114), and intravenous vinorelbine (25 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8) during each 3 week-chemotherapy cycle (median, 5 cycles/patient; total, 235 cycles). One patient achieved a complete response and 21 patients had partial responses, giving an overall response rate of 50% in the intention-to-treat analysis (95% CI, 35.0-65.0%). Median duration of response was 6.0 months (range 1.2-23.0 months). Patients were followed-up for a median of 16 months, with median progression-free survival being 5.3 months, and median overall survival being 17 months. Toxicities included grades III and IV neutropenia in 63 (26.8%) and 4 (1.7%) cycles, respectively, and grades II and III hand-foot syndrome in 12 (5.1%) and 4 (1.7%) cycles, respectively. Other nonhematologic toxicities were minimal and manageable. In conclusion, the combination of capecitabine and vinorelbine was effective and well tolerated in MBC patients even after treatment with anthracyclines and taxanes.
Emerging applications for magnesium alloy powders

Efforts to reduce fuel consumption have led to renewed interest in the use of magnesium alloys for lightweighting of transportation structures. Powder metallurgy offers a processing route to target unique compositions, unique microstructures and high performance in magnesium alloys. Recent advances in the production, qualification, and characterisation of gas atomised AZ91E, WE43 and Elektron21 alloy powders are highlighted. The structure of the atomised powder was investigated using TEM. Fulfilling the potential of these magnesium alloys powders for emerging applications involves establishing compatibility with viable consolidation processes such as cold spray, laser assisted deposition, forging and extrusion. Preliminary results in this endeavour are reported.
Risk Measures for Particle-Filtering-Based State-of-Charge Prognosis in Lithium-Ion Batteries

This paper presents a class of risk measures to be used as damage indicators within particle filtering (PF)-based real-time prognosis algorithms, with application to the case of state-of-charge prediction in lithium-ion batteries. The proposed risk measure not only incorporates the risk of battery failure but also is a measure for the confidence on the prognosis algorithm itself. In addition, a novel simplified PF-based prognostic method is proposed to estimate the battery discharge time, while providing a computationally inexpensive solution. Computing times for both the novel prognosis routine and the associated risk measure are fast enough to allow their implementation in real-time applications, such as decision-making systems or path-planning algorithms.
AN ADVANCED SENSOR MODEL FOR PANORAMIC CAMERAS

Digital terrestrial panoramic cameras constitute an interesting new development, which is currently primarily used for purely imaging purposes such as indoor imaging, landscape recording, tourism advertising and Internet representations. However, the capability of taking high-resolution images continuously over the full horizon generates an efficient means for 3D object reconstruction as well. For that the particular sensor model has to be established and the inherent accuracy potential has to be investigated. We designed a sensor model, which models substantial deviations from the pinhole model using additional parameters. The sensor model maps the object space into the image space. The mapping function is the pinhole model-based perspective transformation in the form of bundle equations. In practice, there are many systematic errors disturbing the ideal model, which can be modeled as additional parameters. Additional parameters relate to the camera itself, the configuration of camera and turntable, and mechanical errors of the camera system during rotation (i.e. tumbling). In this paper we will present the results of calibration with additional parameters for two panoramic cameras, which indicate a subpixel accuracy level for such highly dynamic systems. We also investigate into the problem of temporal stability of the systematic errors. Finally we will demonstrate the systems’ accuracy in 3D point positioning, including minimal number of control points adjustment. With these new panoramic imaging devices we do have additional powerful sensors for image recording and efficient 3D object modeling.