Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wildlife-Human Interactions in National Parks in Canada and the USA

The chance to view wildlife draws millions of visitors each year to the national parks of North America. The combination of a large number of people and abundant wildlife leads to a variety of wildlife-human interactions. In this paper we explore the nature of those wildlife-human interactions, theoretical frameworks social scientists are using to understand those interactions, and approaches used by national parks across North America to manage those interactions. Introduction and Scope North American national parks provide some of the best opportunities to meet public desires for viewing wildlife and enjoying the sounds of nature (Driver et al. 1991). The “bear jams” that result in places like Yellowstone National Park are continued evidence of people’s fascination with wildlife (Compton 1994). However, close proximity of people and wildlife in national parks leads to interactions that can pose threats and/or direct injury to the wildlife species people come to enjoy. Some interactions also result in human injury, death, and property damage. National park managers are faced in part with the difficult tasks of providing opportunities for visitors to enjoy and learn about wildlife, protecting wildlife from visitors, protecting visitors from wildlife, protecting rare plants and forested ecosystems from wildlife, and making all these decisions with the support and understanding of the various publics interested in national parks and their management. Various national laws in both Canada and the United States of America (USA) provide a legal context for understanding and managing wildlifehuman interactions in national parks. The Canadian National Parks Act (1930) does not directly deal with wildlife-human interactions. It does state, however, that “parks are dedicated to the people of Canada for their benefit, education and enjoyment.and shall be maintained and made use of so as to leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations” (Parks Canada Agency 2000). In addition, the act grants the field unit manager the power to make regulations for “the protection of wild animals and the disposal of noxious, predatory or superabundant animals. ” In Canada, national park regulations also permit the field unit manager to regulate access to areas to protect wildlife, prohibit the feeding of wildlife in national parks, and to set garbage regulations. These park managers also have the authority to control animals deemed dangerous to human safety (e. g., supporting the removal of problem bears), and to control and dispose of surplus animals deemed harmful to the natural environment (e.g., whitetailed deer in Point Pelee National Park, Ontario). Similarly, the U.S. National Park Service (NPS) has a broad policy that allows for the management of animals and plants and their environment to minimize human interference. The NPS will not allow activities that “. present a clear danger to pub-
Who Is American? Demographic and Social-Contextual Correlates of Identification as a “Typical” American Among Diverse Asian Americans

ABSTRACT Asian Americans are at risk for marginalization and lower rates of American identification. This descriptive study examines demographic and social-contextual correlates of identifying as a “typical” American across diverse Asian American adults (n = 3,511). Asian American immigrants exhibited lower identification than U.S.-born Asian Americans. Korean Americans demonstrated the lowest rate of identification but were the only subgroup for which “typical” American identification was tied to satisfaction with life. Male gender, lower employment status, U.S. citizenship, U.S.-born status, time in the United States, lower perceived success for Asian Americans, lower group discrimination, and home ownership were associated with identifying as a typical American for the full Asian American sample. Results are considered in relation to marginalization, psychological meaningfulness underlying self-identification, and practical relevance.
CHALLENGES OF ADAPTIVE ELEARNING AT HIGHER LEARNING INSTITUTIONS: A CASE STUDY IN TANZANIA

This paper reports on the research conducted with the purpose of establishing the acceptance of eLearning, analyses the challenges of eLearning and designs an assistive tool for people with disability at higher learning institutions in Tanzania. The information was gathered through documentary review. Primary data was collected from a sample survey by means of structured questionnaires and interviews. Study population was carried out at higher learning institutions conducting eLeaning. The research identified several factors that challenge the implementation of adaptive eLearning at higher learning institutions. These include management support, methodology, technology, resource accessibility and availability, culture of education and learning styles, design of assistive tools, intellectual investment, and global business. It was concluded that eLearning is more highly accepted in higher learning institutions than in basic education. However, there are doubts about the certificates obtained from online courses. The factors that challenge implementation of eLearning are very interrelated in bringing the success or failure of eLearning projects. However, accessibility of resources of eLearning was found to affect disabled people more than normal person.
Intergenerational altruism, Ricardian Equivalence andthe relevance of distributional policy

In recent years there has been a growing controversy concerning the e¤ective role of distributional policy in economies in which agents hold altruistic preferences. We show that in order to establish cross sectional Distributional Neutrality households require information on consanguinity links prior to making their decisions on consumption and bequests. If such information is not available due to the veil of time, then the Distributional Neutrality property disappears. However Ricardian Equivalence under stated conditions, remains and is therefore a property independent of DN.
Signal-to-Noise-Ratio-constrained jitter optimization for wideband amplifiers

This paper describes Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and jitter behavior in wideband data communication circuits employing series-peaking techniques. Tradeoffs among SNR, jitter, bandwidth enhancement and group-delay variation are shown as functions of capacitance ratios and inductance values for such circuits. It is shown that SNR and jitter can be simultaneously optimized at the expense of bandwidth. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated with a 0.13um CMOS transimpedance amplifier design example.
Alveolar damage in AIDS-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the most common and serious of the pulmonary complications of AIDS. Despite this, many basic aspects in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated P carinii pneumonia are unknown. We therefore undertook a light and electron microscopic study of transbronchial biopsy specimens to compare pathologic features of P carinii pneumonia and other HIV-related lung diseases. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Thirty-seven consecutive HIV-infected patients undergoing a diagnostic bronchoscopy. RESULTS P carinii pneumonia was characterized by an increase in inflammation, edema, exudate, fibrosts, type II pneumocyte proliferation, and cellular infiltration of the alveolar wall when compared with other lung diseases (all p < 0.05). Electron microscopy showed apposition of the trophozoite to the type I pneumocyte. Erosion of type I pneumocytes was observed in 13 of 15 patients with P carinii pneumonia, whereas none without P carinii pneumonia had this finding (p < 0.05). Erosion of the type II pneumocyte was not observed. CONCLUSION Inflammation, interstitial fibrosis, and alveolar epithelial erosion are characteristic features of P carinii pneumonia. The changes may form the pathologic basis for the respiratory failure seen in patients with P carinii pneumonia. Electron microscopy did not show any diagnostie advantage over conventional light microscopy using routine stains.
Função excêntrica dos músculos abdutores e rotadores laterais do quadril no controle dos movimentos do membro inferior e no rendimento funcional

Several studies have been conducted to determine the biomechanical factors that predispose women athletes to anterior cruciate ligament injury and to the development of patellofemoral pain syndrome, when compared with men practitioners of the same sports. Currently, the main emphasis of the studies concerning the different patterns of muscle activation and the movement differences adopted for them during a given motor task. Thus, this review aimed to examine how these biomechanical changes, especially those concerning to the hip joint, are related to the high incidence of knee injuries in women, and verify its implications for developing preventive strategies to these disorders. There is evidence indicating that women perform functional activities with lower angles of knee and hip flexion, increased knee valgus and of the dynamic components that contribute to this movement, such as hip adduction and hip medial rotation. Still, some authors believe that changes in the coronal and transverse planes of the hip, reflected by a possible dysfunction of the abductor and lateral rotators muscles of this articulation, seem more significant for the installation of injuries in women than those that occur only in the sagittal plane, as the quadriceps-dominant pattern. Finally, the studies show that neuromuscular training performed preventively improves the dynamic alignment of the lower limb in women, reducing the incidence of knee injuries on them. Key-words: anterior cruciate ligament, patellofemoral pain syndrome, biomechanics, hip, knee, sex factors
Strategic business transformation through technology convergence: implications from General Electric's industrial internet initiative

Technology adoption is crucial for an organisation to remain competitive in the marketplace. Traditionally, two technologies - operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT) - have operated independently from one another; however, technological advancements that businesses are experiencing have increased the overlap and convergence of these two areas. Industrial organisations are investing heavily in the integration and alignment of these technologies and expect to benefit in several ways from this convergence, such as through increased productivity, reduction in cost, and real–time intelligence. This paper presents the case of General Electric (GE) and studies the various transitional phases and transformation dimensions that GE is experiencing, to manage this technology convergence. The evaluation of GE's experience indicates that convergence–related business transformation is nonlinear, and that some dimensions and stages of transformation previously thought to be relevant may not be pertinent for successful business transformations through technology convergence.
Sliding mode formation control and target tracking for a team of mobile robots using decentralized and distributed Kalman filter

In this paper we introduced a theoretical framework for formation control and target tracking for a limited number of mobile robots with partially unknown dynamic models using decentralized and distributed Kalman filter. The mobile robots seek to track a stochastic target while trying to reach a pre-defined formation. Kalman-consensus filter and decentralized Kalman filter is used to infer the received information from mobile robots. This algorithm is successfully applied to track a target with stochastic linear dynamics. Simulation results shows the efficiency of the proposed method.
The Best of Both Worlds with On-Demand Virtualization

Virtualization offers many benefits such as live migration, resource consolidation, and checkpointing. However, there are many cases where the overhead of virtualization is too high to justify for its merits. Most desktop and laptop PCs and many large web properties run natively because the benefits of virtualization are too small compared to the overhead. We propose a new middle ground: on-demand virtualization, in which systems run natively when they need native performance or features but can be converted on-the-fly to run virtually when necessary. This enables the user or system administrator to leverage the most useful features of virtualization, such as or checkpointing or consolidating workloads, during off-peak hours without paying the overhead during peak usage. We have developed a prototype of on-demand virtualization in Linux using the hibernate feature to transfer state between native execution and virtual execution, and find even networking applications can survive being virtualized.
The Tricept robot: Inverse kinematics, manipulability analysis and closed-loop direct kinematics algorithm

This paper is aimed at presenting a study on the kinematics of the Tricept robot, which comprises a three-degree-of-freedom (dof) parallel structure having a radial link of variable length. The robot workspace is characterized and the inverse kinematics equation is obtained by using spherical coordinates. The inverse differential kinematics and statics are derived in terms of both an analytical and a geometric Jacobian, and a manipulability analysis along the various workspace directions is developed using the concept of force and velocity ellipsoids. A Jacobian-based Closed-Loop Direct Kinematics (CLDK) algorithm is presented to solve the direct kinematics problem along a given trajectory. Simulation results are illustrated for an industrial robot of the Tricept family.
Urban Street Networks, a Comparative Analysis of Ten European Cities

We compare the structural properties of the street networks of ten different European cities using their primal representation. We investigate the properties of the geometry of the networks and a set of centrality measures highlighting differences and similarities between cases. In particular, we found that cities share structural similarities due to their quasiplanarity but that there are also several distinctive geometrical properties. A principal component analysis is performed on the distributions of centralities and their respective moments, which is used to find distinctive characteristics by which we can classify cities into families. We believe that, beyond the improvement of the empirical knowledge on streets' network properties, our findings can open new perspectives into the scientific relationship between city planning and complex networks, stimulating the debate on the effectiveness of the set of knowledge that statistical physics can contribute for city planning and urban-morphology studies.
CLIFFORD ALGEBRAS AND DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION FOR SIGNAL SEPARATION AND CLASSIFICATION

The challenging task of separating or extracting components from a signal has multiple applications in biomedical signal analysis, speech and musical acoustics, or image processing. Fourier analysis, wavelet transforms and frame theory are powerful tools for addressing these problems. However, due to the high complexity of many real-world signals, more sophisticated analysis methods are essentially required. During the last few years, there has been a strong development in data analysis using concepts from differential geometry and algebraic topology for analyzing the dimensionality reduction problem of high-dimensional data. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for signal separation and classification combining standard signal processing tools with geometric algebra and dimensionality reduction. Our concept relies on geometrical transformations, defined in the context of Clifford algebras, for modifying the geometry of a point cloud data. The objective is to transform signal components to elements of an orthonormal basis, where filtering procedures can be applied. This new framework is an addition to the manifold learning and dimensionality reduction toolbox, combining ideas from Clifford algebras, dimensionality reduction, cluster analysis via persistent homology, and filtering procedures in signal analysis. Computational experiments 1 are presented indicating the potential and shortcomings of this framework.
Task design for audiographic conferencing: Promoting beginner oral interaction in distance language learning

This paper presents the challenges involved in designing a full set of online tutorial materials for a beginners' Spanish course for distance language learners utilising an online audiographic conferencing VLE for synchronous oral interaction. Although much has been written about task design and task-based learning and teaching (TBLT) in language learning, the shift to an audiographic Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) medium presents a number of challenges to task design which are only just beginning to be documented. Here we will discuss what the challenges are for the design and implementation of activities suited to the development of oral skills in a foreign language in such an environment in the light of current theories of SLA, task design and CALL, and how those challenges were met for the production of a full set of materials for a beginners' Spanish distance learning course at the Open University using a tool that had been deemed unsuitable for that level. We will also present the findings of the developmental testing of a sample of these activities and recommend a model for tasks in an audiographic VLE to promote oral interaction at beginner level.
A Wide Scale Survey on Botnet

the diverse forms of malware, Botnet is the serious threat which occurs commonly in today"s cyber attacks and cyber crimes. Botnet are designed to perform predefined functions in an automated fashion, where these malicious activities ranges from online searching of data, accessing lists, moving files sharing channel information to DDoS attacks against critical targets, phishing, click fraud etc. Existence of command and control(CC in turn throws challenges in the mitigation of Botnet attacks. Hence Botnet detection has been an interesting research topic related to cyber-threat and cyber-crime prevention. Various types of techniques and approaches have been proposed for detection, mitigation and preventation to Botnet attack. This paper, discusses in detail about Botnet and related research including Botnet evolution, life-cycle, command and control models, communication protocols, Botnet detection, and Botnet mitigation mechanism etc. Also an overview of research on Botnets which describe the possible attacks performed by various types of Botnet communication technologies in future.
Younger Specialists Teaching Older Learners: When Learning in Later Life Can Be a Source of Conflict

ABSTRACT In line with “Healthy Ageing”, health education programs for older adults are increasingly promoted as a means to decrease dependency in later life. We explore such a program in Mashhad, Iran. We ask: How do older adults perceive “learning”. In other words, instead of considering all learning as inherently beneficial, we adopt a critical point of view by asking how learning can be perceived as beneficial or not. Firstly, we briefly present the health education program in Mashhad, based on exploratory findings. Secondly, we explore the program’s intergenerational dynamic: younger “doctor-educators” teaching older learners, or “savant knowledge” of a younger generation confronting the “common knowledge” or “experience-based knowledge” of an older generation. Finally, we present a conceptual framework for the term “learning”. It is a word often used in an all-encompassing manner, as though it could be applied indiscriminately to all types of actions and outcomes. However, the works of authors like Reboul, Bateson and Bloom who distinguish between different categories or levels of learning, could serve as a conceptual framework allowing us to differentiate between the different meanings the word encompasses.
Thermal Model of Electromagnetic Skin-Equivalent Phantom at Millimeter Waves

This paper reports the first thermal model and detailed analysis of the heating of an electromagnetic (EM) skin-equivalent phantom with a finite thickness at 60 GHz. The 1-D heat transfer equation is solved analytically for homogeneous phantoms with finite thicknesses. The temperature rise dynamics and heating distribution within the phantom are calculated for several phantom thicknesses (5, 10, and 15 mm) using measured thermal properties of the phantom. Analytical results are confirmed by numerical analysis based on EM-thermal cosimulations. Furthermore, the numerical model is validated by measurements using an experimental setup based on the high-resolution infrared thermometry. The impact of uncertainty of EM and the thermal parameters of the numerical model upon heat deposition is also studied. Our results reveal that, for short exposure durations (i.e., less than 1 min), the surface temperature is well described by the semi-infinite and finite-thickness phantom models, whereas, for longer exposures (more than 1 min), finite-thickness models must be used to properly account for heating accumulation close to the phantom boundaries. While the reported results cannot be directly used for predicting temperature increase in skin, they are of importance for temperature-based dosimetric assessment in the millimeter-wave band using currently available homogeneous phantoms.
Effects of Anethum graveolens L. (dill) on Oocyte and Fertility of Adult Female Rats

Background Our previous studies revealed Anethum graveolens L. caused some changes in female reproductive system that induced infertility. Therefore, in this study, oocyte changes as one of probable reasons of infertility were investigated. Methods In this study, 59 adult female rats were divided into 3 groups of control, low dose (0.5 g/kg) and high dose (5 g/kg) of dill seed aqueous extract (LDE and HDE) treated groups that were gavaged with 1 ml of each dose for 10 days (2 estrous cycles). Vaginal smears were prepared daily. Oocytes of superovulated animals were extracted and their morphometrical changes were measured (n = 5). Oocyte cell membrane glycoconjugates were stained with UEA, PNA, and DBA-FITC lectins (n = 5). Ultrastructural studies of oocytes were performed using TEM (n = 5). The number, weight, and crown-rump length of newborns were examined in three groups after mating with untreated males (n = 5). Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results Results demonstrated that the duration of the estrous cycle, the diestrus phase and progesterone concentration in the experimental groups increased significantly compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Granulosa cells of corpus luteum in HDE-treated group were larger and clearer. The intensity reactions of galactose/Nacetylgalactoseamine terminal sugar of oocyte decreased insignificantly in experimental groups compared to the control group p > 0.05. Duration of mating to pregnancy increased and the weight and crown-rump length of newborns decreased in experimental groups significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusion Dill seed aqueous extract can induce infertility without any effect on oocyte structure.