Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revealing the characteristics of the dark GRB 150309A: Dust extinguished or high-z ? (cid:63)

Context. Dark gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) constitute a signiﬁcant fraction of the GRB population. In this paper, we present a multi-wavelength analysis (both prompt emission and afterglow) of an intense (3 . 98 × 10 − 5 ergcm − 2 using Fermi -Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor) two-episodic GRB150309A observed early on until ∼ 114 days post burst. Despite the strong gamma-ray emission, no optical afterglow was detected for this burst. However, we discovered near-infrared (NIR) afterglow ( K S -band), ∼ 5.2h post burst, with the CIRCE instrument mounted at the 10.4m Gran Telescopio Canarias (hereafter, GTC). Aims. We aim to examine the characteristics of GRB150309A as a dark burst and to constrain other properties using multi-wavelength observations. Methods. We used Fermi observations of GRB150309A to understand the prompt emission mechanisms and jet composition. We performed early optical observations using the BOOTES robotic telescope and late-time afterglow observations using the GTC. A potential faint host galaxy was also detected in the optical wavelength using the GTC. We modelled the potential host galaxy of GRB150309A in order to explore the environment of the burst. Results. The time-resolved spectral analysis of Fermi data indicates a hybrid jet composition consisting of a matter-dominated ﬁreball and magnetic-dominated Poynting ﬂux. The GTC observations of the afterglow revealed that the counterpart of GRB150309A was very red, with H − K S > 2 . 1mag (95% conﬁdence). The red counterpart was not discovered in any bluer ﬁlters of Swift UVOT / BOOTES, which would be indicative of a high redshift origin. Therefore we discarded this possibility based on multiple arguments, such as spectral analysis of the X-ray afterglow constrain z < 4 . 15 and a moderate redshift value obtained using the spectral energy distribution (SED) modelling of the potential galaxy. The broadband (X-ray to NIR bands) afterglow SED implies a very dusty host galaxy with a deeply embedded GRB (suggesting A V (cid:38) 35mag). Conclusions. The environment of GRB150309A demands a high extinction towards the line of sight. Demanding dust obscuration is the most probable origin of optical darkness as well as the very red afterglow of GRB150309A. This result establishes GRB 150309A as the most extin-guished GRB known to date.
Development of the "Discretized Dynamic Expanding Zones with Memory" Autonomous Mobility Algorithm for the Nemesis Tracked Vehicle Platform

The Nemesis tracked vehicle platform is a differentially driven Humanitarian Demining tractor developed by Applied Research Associates, Inc. The vehicle is capable of teleoperational control and is outfitted with a sensor suite used for detecting and neutralizing landmines. Because the detection process requires the vehicle to travel at speeds less than 0.5 km/h, teleoperation is a tedious process. The added autonomous capabilities of waypoint navigation and obstacle avoidance could greatly reduce operator fatigue. ARA chose to leverage Virginia Tech’s experience in developing an autonomous mobility capability for the Nemesis platform. The resulting algorithms utilize the waypoint navigation techniques of Virginia Tech’s JAUS (Joint Architecture for Unmanned Systems) toolkit, and a modified version of the Dynamic Expanding Zones (DEZ) algorithm developed for the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge. The modified approach discretizes the perception zones of the DEZ algorithm and provides the added capability of obstacle memory, resulting in the Discretized Dynamic Expanding Zones with Memory (DDEZm) algorithm. These additions are necessary for efficient autonomous control of the differentially driven Nemesis vehicle. The DDEZm algorithm was coded in LabVIEW and used to autonomously navigate the Nemesis vehicle through a waypoint course while avoiding obstacles. The Joint Architecture for Unmanned Systems (JAUS) was used as the communication standard to facilitate the interoperability between the software developed at Virginia Tech and the existing Nemesis software developed by ARA. In addition to development and deployment, the algorithm has been fully documented for embedded coding by a software engineer. With embedded implementation on the vehicle, this algorithm will help to increase the efficiency of the landmine detection process, ultimately saving lives.
Validating rapid-sensory profiling methodologies and identifying strawberry flavours driving liking

This thesis validated rapid-sensory profiling methodologies, to contribute to the growing body of evidence investigating these profiling techniques, and further understand their limitations and future potential applications. In addition, this research identified flavours driving liking within commercial and newly-bred strawberry cultivars, to assist in the development of well-liked Australian cultivars.
Rho Kinase Inhibition with Fasudil in the SOD1G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis—Symptomatic Treatment Potential after Disease Onset

Despite an improved understanding of the genetic background and the pathomechanisms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) no novel disease-modifying therapies have been successfully implemented in clinical routine. Riluzole still remains the only clinically approved substance in human ALS treatment with limited efficacy. We have previously identified pharmacological rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitors as orally applicable substances in SOD1.G93A transgenic ALS mice (SOD1G93A), which are able to extend survival time and improve motor function after presymptomatic treatment. Here, we have evaluated the therapeutic effect of the orally administered ROCK inhibitor Fasudil starting at a symptomatic disease stage, more realistically reflecting the clinical situation. Oral Fasudil treatment was initiated at a symptomatic stage at 80 days of life (d80) with 30 or 100 mg/kg body weight in both female and male mice. While baseline neurological scoring and survival were not influenced, Fasudil significantly improved motor behavior in male mice. Spinal cord pathology of motoneurons (MN) and infiltrating microglial cells (MG) at disease end-stage were not significantly modified. Although treatment after symptom onset was less potent than treatment in asymptomatic animals, our study shows the therapeutic benefits of this well-tolerated substance, which is already in clinical use for other indications.
A Matrix Transformation Algorithm for Virtual Machine Placement in Cloud

The virtual machine (VM) placement is an important problem of cloud data center resource management. There have been many research efforts to address this problem. However, existing research is mainly concerned with single objective such as the number of the physical machine (PM) used, and few research consider the resource utilization rate of PM's different dimensions. In this paper, we present a two-objective optimization model such that the number of required PM is minimized and the resource utilization of occupied PM is optimum. We further provide an algorithm based on matrix transformation. In the algorithm, we define cluster matrix of VM request sequence and VM placement initial matrix to generate the optimum solution of VM placement optimization model. Finally, we compare our algorithm with the other VM placement strategy, the experimental results demonstrate the good performance of our algorithm.
Graded KMS-functionals and the breakdown of supersymmetry

It is shown that the modulus of any graded or, more generally, twisted KMS– functional of a C–dynamical system is proportional to an ordinary KMS–state and the twist is weakly inner in the corresponding GNS–representation. If the functional is invariant under the adjoint action of some asymptotically abelian family of automorphisms, then the twist is trivial. As a consequence, such functionals do not exist for supersymmetric C–dynamical systems. This is in contrast with the situation in compact spaces where super KMS–functionals occur as super-Gibbs functionals. ∗Supported in part by GNAFA and MURST.
What types of firms acquire knowledge intensive services and from which suppliers?

Knowledge intensive services and, in particular, R&D services contribute significantly to innovation in firms. The objective of this paper is to find out which characteristics of firms explain the acquisition of R&D services and to analyse whether there are differences depending on the typology of the supplier (universities, technology centres and consulting firms). Three main conclusions emerge from the econometric estimations carried out with information from a survey of innovative firms in the region of Valencia in Spain. First, the results show that firm size and age matter in the decision to buy R&D services. Second, our results are consistent with the relevance that the literature gives to human capital in absorbing external knowledge. Third, innovation policy has a significant influence on the decision to acquire R&D services, particularly from universities and technology centres.
Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cytologic Abnormalities of the Anus and Cervix Among HIV-Infected Women in the Study to Understand the Natural History of HIV/AIDS in the Era of Effective Therapy (The SUN Study)

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the cervix and related abnormal cervical cytology in HIV-infected women has been well described. Little is known about anal HPV infection in HIV-infected women. Methods: The SUN Study is a prospective cohort study of 700 HIV-infected patients including 167 women. At baseline, patients completed a behavioral questionnaire and provided, among other samples, cervical and anal swabs for HPV detection and genotyping and for cytologic examination. Here, we present the available baseline data on the 167 women in the SUN study. Results: Baseline results were available for 120 women (median age: 38 years, 57% non-Hispanic black, median CD4 cell count 444.5 cells/mm3), of whom, 77% were taking antiretroviral therapy. The prevalences in the anus and cervix of any HPV were 90% and 83%, respectively (P = 0.039), and of high-risk (HR) types 85% and 70%, respectively, (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalences of abnormal cytology between the anus and cervix: 38% and 33%, respectively (P = 0.217). Although the presence of abnormal cervical cytology was associated with the presence of abnormal anal cytology (relative risk: 1.7, P = 0.024), its sensitivity (52.5%) and positive predictive value positive (45.6%) for identifying women with abnormal anal cytology were poor. A history of anal sex was not associated with anal HPV infection or abnormal anal cytology. Conclusions: In this cohort of HIV-infected women, anal HPV infection was more prevalent and diverse than cervical HPV infection. Anal cytologic abnormalities were as prevalent as cervical cytologic abnormalities, and although abnormal cervical cytology was predictive of abnormal anal cytology, results were not highly concordant. These data support the need for studies of anal cytologic screening of HIV-infected women.
The First Universal Opioid Ligand, (2S)-2-[(5R,6R,7R,14S)-N-cyclopropylmethyl-4,5-epoxy-6,14-ethano-3-hydroxy-6-methoxymorphinan-7-yl]-3,3-dimethylpentan-2-ol (BU08028): Characterization of the In Vitro Profile and In Vivo Behavioral Effects in Mouse Models of Acute Pain and Cocaine-Induced Reward

Certain behavioral features of buprenorphine, including a bell-shaped curve for antinociception and attenuation of alcohol consumption, are thought to be mediated by activation of nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptors, despite moderate affinity and low efficacy at NOP receptors. We hypothesized that ligands with buprenorphine's physical properties, but possessing increased NOP receptor affinity and efficacy, would improve the profile as a drug abuse medication and reduce addiction liability. Using this strategy, we designed several compounds with universally high affinity, i.e., less than 10 nM at μ, δ, κ, and NOP receptors. Among these, (2S)-2-[(5R,6R,7R,14S)-N-cyclopropylmethyl-4,5-epoxy-6,14-ethano-3-hydroxy-6-methoxymorphinan-7-yl]-3,3-dimethylpentan-2-ol (BU08028) has high affinity at all opioid receptors and increased NOP receptor efficacy in vitro in the [35S]GTPγS binding assay, however, while still being a partial agonist. In vivo, BU08028 was evaluated in an acute thermal antinociception assay, for its ability to induce conditioned place preference (CPP), and for its effect on cocaine-induced CPP. BU08028 is a very potent long-lasting analgesic. It produces an increase in locomotor activity and a significant CPP. As a pretreatment to cocaine, BU08028 does not alter cocaine CPP but causes a further increase in cocaine-induced locomotor activity. The analgesic, rewarding, and stimulant effects are probably caused by μ receptor stimulation. It is likely that with BU08028, a partial agonist at both NOP and μ receptors, μ-mediated activity overpowers NOP-mediated effects. Thus, it is possible that a different buprenorphine analog that is a universal high-affinity opioid ligand but with “full agonist” activity at NOP may counteract traditional opioid-mediated effects such as antinociception and reward.
Evaluation of Lipid Quality in Fruit: Utilizing Lipidomic Approaches for Assessing the Impact of Biotic Stress on Pecans (Carya illinoinensis)

There is a scarcity of data on how the lipid composition of oily seeds changes in response to biotic stress. Yellow peach moth (Conogethes punctiferalis) has caused massive economic losses on the pecan (Carya illinoinensis) industry. Lipidomics is used in this study to determine the lipid composition of pecan and how it changes in response to insect attack. Pecan had 167 lipids, including 34 glycerolipids (GL), 62 glycerophospholipids (GP), 17 fatty acyls (FA), 41 sphingolipids (SP), and 13 saccharolipids (SL). The effects of biotic stress on lipids, particularly GL and GP, were significant. Biotic stress significantly reduced the lipid content of chains longer than 48. Forty-four significantly different lipids were discovered as potential biomarkers for distinguishing non-infected pecans from infested pecans. In addition, we used bioinformatics to identify the five most important metabolic pathways in order to investigate the processes underlying the changes. Our discoveries may offer valuable insights for enhancing pecan production in the future and contribute novel perspectives towards enhancing the nutritional value of pecans.
Self-reported symptoms associated with exposure to electromagnetic fields: a questionnaire study

Abstract In the last years, it has been discussed frequently whether there are any harmful effects of electromagnetic fields on human health. Electromagnetic fields are generated by several natural and man-made sources. Part of the electromagnetic spectrum called Radiofrequency is used in communication systems such as mobile (cellular) phone and computer. The aim of our study was to explore different self-reported symptoms that may be associated with exposure to electromagnetic fields. This survey study was conducted, using a questionnaire, on 350 people aged +9 years in Turkey. The chi-square test was used for data analysis. Self-reported symptoms were headache, vertigo/dizziness, fatigue, forgetfulness, sleep disturbance-insomnia, tension-anxiety, joint and bone pain, lacrimation of the eyes, hearing loss and tinnitus. As a result of the survey, the study has shown that users of mobile phone and computer more often complained of headache, joint and bone pain, hearing loss, vertigo/dizziness, tension-anxiety symptoms according to time of daily usage (p < 0.05). In users of mobile phone and computer, women significantly (p < 0.05) complained more often of headache, vertigo/dizziness, fatigue, forgetfulness and tension-anxiety than men.
Electrical autonomous Brownian gyrator.

We study experimentally and theoretically the steady-state dynamics of a simple stochastic electronic system featuring two resistor-capacitor circuits coupled by a third capacitor. The resistors are subject to thermal noises at real temperatures. The voltage fluctuation across each resistor can be compared to a one-dimensional Brownian motion. However, the collective dynamical behavior, when the resistors are subject to distinct thermal baths, is identical to that of a Brownian gyrator, as first proposed by Filliger and Reimann [Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 230602 (2007)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.99. 230602]. The average gyrating dynamics is originated from the absence of detailed balance due to unequal thermal baths. We look into the details of this stochastic gyrating dynamics, its dependences on the temperature difference and coupling strength, and the mechanism of heat transfer through this simple electronic circuit. Our work affirms the general principle and the possibility of a Brownian ratchet working near room temperature scale.
Chemical Diversity of Sands Within the Linear and Barchan Dunes of the Bagnold Dunes, Gale Crater, as Revealed by APXS Onboard Curiosity

Alpha Particle X‐ray Spectrometer (APXS) results for Phase 2 of the Bagnold Dunes campaign, focusing on the linear dunes, complement those from Phase 1 (barchan dunes) and add to our understanding of active Martian dune systems. This work highlights both compositional similarities and differences across the dune field. The concentration of elements associated with mafic minerals in coarser grains and along active ripple crests, previously identified in the barchan dunes, highlights differences in Martian and terrestrial weathering, transport, and sorting processes. Concentration of a Cr‐Ti mineral phase within the linear sands is identified. The inactive ripple fields are geochemically similar to soil, while active ripple fields are similar to sands. Inferred dust content (S + Cl + Zn concentrations), derived from APXS analyses, provide geochemical confirmation of current and seasonal activity variations, within the barchan and linear dunes, as well as revealing a continuum between inactive soils and active sands.
Practice and Exploration of Ontology Creation Algorithms

Ontology creation from unstrcutred text is a meaningful and challenging problem. In order to see what kind of ontology is produced when applying different algorithms on specialized domain corpus, we select two representative approaches, one is Guided Hierarchical Clustering and the other is lexico-syntactic pattern based, which corresponds to two main stream directions in this field. In particular, we do not set constraints for the length of extracted concepts in the hope of discovering richer ontology. Applying these two methods to a Civil Engineering dataset, we evaluate their result in terms of precision and taxonomic metrics. Output relationships are examined and analyzed, to support our idea while providing lessons for implementation of pattern based ontology extraction.
Isolation and Characterization of Mycophenolic Acid-resistant Mutants of Inosine-5′-monophosphate Dehydrogenase*

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a potent and specific inhibitor of mammalian inosine-monophosphate dehydrogenases (IMPDH); most microbial IMPDHs are not sensitive to MPA. MPA-resistant mutants of human IMPDH type II were isolated in order to identify the structural features that determine the species selectivity of MPA. Three mutant IMPDHs were identified with decreased affinity for MPA. The mutation of Gln277 → Arg causes a 9-fold increase in the Ki of MPA, a 5-6-fold increase in the Km values for IMP and NAD, and a 3-fold decrease in kcat relative to wild type. The mutation of Ala462 → Thr causes a 3-fold increase in the Ki for MPA, a 2.5-fold increase in the Km for NAD, and a 1.5-fold increase in kcat. The combination of these two mutations does not increase the Ki for MPA, but does increase the Km for NAD 3-fold relative to Q277R and restores kcat to wild type levels. Q277R/A462T is the first human IMPDH mutant with increased Ki for MPA and wild type activity. The third mutant IMPDH contains two mutations, Phe465 → Ser and Asp470 → Gly. Ki for MPA is increased 3-fold in this mutant enzyme, and Km for IMP is also increased 3-fold, while the Km for NAD and kcat are unchanged. Thus increases in the Ki for MPA do not correlate with changes in Km for either IMP or NAD, nor to changes in kcat. All four of these mutations are in regions of the IMPDH that differ in mammalian and microbial enzymes, and thus can be structural determinants of MPA selectivity.
Performance of Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence or Antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Screening in Chinese Population

Background: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has long been used as an effective biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening; however, not all HCC patients can be detected with an elevated AFP level, especially in early HCC patients. Protein Induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) is another serum biomarker linked to HCC; however, sensitivity and specificity remain controversial and data in Chinese groups is even rarer. Objectives: To evaluate the performance of PIVKA-II alone and combined with AFP in HCC screening in Chinese population. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 150 HCC patients in Southwest Hospital, of which 16 patients were excluded due to lack of basic information. A total of 347 patients with hepatitis B, 105 with non-HCC cancers and 53 healthy people were enrolled as controls. Levels of AFP and PIVKA-II were measured by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) and chemiluminescent microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA), respectively. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of PIVKA-II were 74.6% and 67.8% at a cutoff of 40 mAU/mL and 64.2% and 89.7% at a cutoff of 200 mAU/mL. The sensitivity and specificity of AFP were 76.7% and 65.0% at a cutoff of 20 ng/mL and 60.4% and 88.9% at a cutoff of 195.23 ng/mL. The combination of two markers had a sensitivity and specificity of 91.1% and 41.0%, respectively. The area under the receiving operating curve (AUROC) for PIVKA-II (0.756, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.695 - 0.816) was less than the AUROC for AFP (0.823, 95% CI: 0.780 - 0.865), and in combination, the AUROC increased to 0.843 (95% CI: 0.801 - 0.885). Conclusions: PIVKA-II was as efficient as AFP when used as a single marker for HCC screening and the combination of two biomarkers gave a better performance.
Is your user hunting or gathering insights?: identifying insight drivers across domains

In recent years, using the number of insights to benchmark visual analytics tools has become a prominent method in the Infovis community. The insight methodology has become a frequently used instrument to measure the performance of tools that are developed for highly specialized purposes for highly specialized domain-experts. But some tools have a wider target group of experts with knowledge in different domains. The utility of the insight-method for other expert user groups without specific domain knowledge has been addressed to a far lesser extent. In a case study we give an illustration of how and where insights from experts with and without domain knowledge differ, and how these findings might enrich the evaluation of visualization tools designed for usage across different domains.