Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Nonhepatic and De Novo Malignancies After Liver Transplantation

Introduction. After Liver transplantation (LTx), recurrence of hepatic cancer, de novo cancers, and donor-transmitted cancers have been described. However, the data for patients with a prior history of nonhepatic malignancy and its recurrence post-LTx are limited. Aim. Aim of this study was to examine the patient with nonhepatic pre-LTx malignancies, and their recurrence post-LTx along with de novo cancers and recurrence of hepatic malignancy in the population. Patients and Method. Between March 1996 and July 2006, 1127 patients underwent LTx at our institution. Thirty patients (2.7%) (15 men and 15 women, mean age 56.9±12.8 years) had documented nonhepatic malignancies. There were seven colorectal, three prostatic, three cervical, three bladder, six breast, and other nine miscellaneous cancers (one patient had two cancers). Four patients had hepatocellular carcinoma at the time of LTx. All patients were followed up until 2008 with a mean follow-up period of 34.1±35.3 months. Results. One patient with oropharyngeal cancer (3.3%), who was recurrence-free pre-LTx for 77.3 months, developed recurrence 36 months post-LTx and subsequently died 11 months postrecurrence. Two patients developed de novo cancer. One developed renal cell carcinoma 46.6 months post-LTx and other developed de novo intra-abdominal metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown origin. Three of four patients developed recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion. The rate of recurrence of nonhepatic malignancy was 3% and de novo cancer was 6% in the present series. There is a need to develop a guideline for recurrence-free survival period for nonhepatic malignancies before LTx, based on the type and stage of cancer.
Multiple Velocity Components in the C IV Absorption Line of NGC 5548

We have observed the much-studied Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548 with the Goddard High-Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Our 14 ks observation covers the C IV emission line at a resolution of greater than 20,000. Our purpose was to study the absorption line found at lower resolution by IUE and the HST Faint Object Spectrograph. We found that the C IV absorption line resolves into six separate doublets with equivalent widths of 0.07-0.38 Å. The absorption lines have blueshifts relative to the systemic velocity of the galaxy of 380-1250 km s-1, except for one, which has a redshift of 250 km s-1, suggesting both inflow and outflow. The inflowing component may be related to the accretion flow into the nuclear black hole. All the doublet lines are resolved by the GHRS. Three doublets are narrow, with FWHM ≲ 100 km s-1, and three are broad, FWHM ~ 160-290 km s-1. We find evidence of partial covering by the narrow absorption lines. Either (but not both) of the two strongest broad doublets could be from the same material that produces the X-ray ionized absorber seen in soft X-rays. The remaining five systems must be at least 10 times less ionized (and so of lower total column density) to remain consistent with the X-ray spectra.
Why is the Metabolic Efficiency of FES Cycling Low?

The potential benefits of functional electrically stimulated (FES) cycling for people with spinal cord injury (SCI) are limited by the power output (PO) attainable. To understand why PO and metabolic efficiency are low, it is helpful to distinguish the effect of the SCI from the effects of electrical stimulation. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of electrically stimulated (ES) muscle under simpler conditions and in able-bodied people in order to answer two questions about the causes of the poor efficiency in FES cycling. Fifteen able-bodied subjects (26.6 years, six male) performed 5 min of intermittent isometric quadriceps contractions at 40% maximum voluntary contraction during both voluntary and ES activation. Subsequently, nine of them performed 5 min of ES intermittent concentric contractions at the same intensity. This intermittent quadriceps activation imitated the muscles' activity during FES cycling at 35 rpm. Metabolic measurements were recorded. Input power relative to the integral of torque produced ( W/Nmmiddots) was significantly higher during ES than voluntary isometric contractions. Efficiency of ES concentric contractions was 29.6 plusmn 2.9%. Respiratory exchange ratio was high during ES (1.00-1.01) compared with voluntary (0.91) contractions. ES is less economic than voluntary exercise during isometric contractions, probably due to the greater activation of fast muscle fibres. However, during ES concentric contractions, efficiency is near to the expected values for the velocity chosen. Thus there are additional factors that affect the inefficiency observed during FES cycling.
On the number of monotonic functions from two-valued logic to k-valued logic

The problem of number determination of monotonic functions of n variables-i^(n) was formulated and solved for n = 4 by Dedekind [3] in 1897. For n = 5 and n = 6, this problem was solved in Church [2] and in Ward [12] respectively. The further authors bringing the essential improvement of the estimates of \j/(n) were Gilbert [4], Korobkov [8, 9, 10], Hansel [5], and Kleitman [7] who gave an asymptotic estimate of log2 iji(n). The best known result obtained is Korshunov's asymptotic estimate (*)of^(n)(of[ll])
An active method for estimating the pose of an object grasped by a robot

Proposes a method to estimate hand-to-object transformation for a hand-eye system. The method estimates hand-to-object transformation by achieving rotation about a fixed point on the object. The primary feature of the method is that the obtained estimation is almost free from visual measurement error. Several experimental results are also included. <<ETX>>
Categorical Abstract Algebraic Logic Local Deduction Theorems for π-Institutions

In this paper, some of the results of Blok and Pigozzi on the local deductiondetachment theorems (LDDT) in Abstract Algebraic Logic, which followed pioneering work of Czelakowski on the same topic, are abstracted to cover logics formalized as π-institutions. The relationship between the LDDT and the property of various classes of I-matrices having locally definable principal I-filters is investigated. Moreover, it is shown that the LDDT implies various forms of the principal and the local filter extension properties that are mutually equivalent. Finally, the notion of algebraic equivalence for π-institutions, a strengthening of the notion of deductive equivalence, previously introduced by the author, is formulated and it is shown that the property of having the LDDT is preserved under both bilogical morphisms and algebraic equivalence.
Supervised Random Walks on Homogeneous Projections of Heterogeneous Networks

Introduction: Most of the complex systems in the real world can be represented as networks that define interactions between the various components. Examples are the communication networks such as the graphs of the Internet, Information networks such as the connections between political blogs, road networks, organizational and economic networks along with biological networks and the recently introduced, widely popular social networks such as Facebook, Twitter,etc. One interesting observation of most of these networks that we come across in the real world is that they have entities of different kinds and they can’t be categorized into a specific unique type. Thus most of these real world networks call for the analysis of a new breed of ‘heterogeneous’ networks.
Strong Fooling Sets for Multi-player Communication with Applications to Deterministic Estimation of Stream Statistics

We develop a paradigm for studying multi-player deterministic communication, based on a novel combinatorial concept that we call a strong fooling set. Our paradigm leads to optimal lower bounds on the per-player communication required for solving multi-player EQUALITY problems in a private-message setting. This in turn gives a very strong - O(1) versus Ω(n) - separation between private-message and one-way blackboard communication complexities. Applying our communication complexity results, we show that for deterministic data streaming algorithms, even loose estimations of some basic statistics of an input stream require large amounts of space. For instance, approximating the frequency moment Fk within a factor α requires Ω(n/α1/(1-k)) space for k > 1 and roughly Ω(n/αk/(k-1)) space for k > 1. In particular, approximation within any constant factor α, however large, requires linear space, with the trivial exception of k = 1. This is in sharp contrast to the situation for randomized streaming algorithms, which can approximate Fk to within (1±ε) factors using Õ(1) space for k ≤ 2 and o(n) space for all finite k and all constant ε > 0. Previous linear-space lower bounds for deterministic estimation were limited to small factors α, such as α <; 2 for approximating F0 or F2. We also provide certain space/approximation tradeoffs in a deterministic setting for the problems of estimating the empirical entropy of a stream as well as the size of the maximum matching and the edge connectivity of a streamed graph.
Neural Plasticity Is Involved in Physiological Sleep, Depressive Sleep Disturbances, and Antidepressant Treatments

Depression, which is characterized by a pervasive and persistent low mood and anhedonia, greatly impacts patients, their families, and society. The associated and recurring sleep disturbances further reduce patient's quality of life. However, therapeutic sleep deprivation has been regarded as a rapid and robust antidepressant treatment for several decades, which suggests a complicated role of sleep in development of depression. Changes in neural plasticity are observed during physiological sleep, therapeutic sleep deprivation, and depression. This correlation might help us to understand better the mechanism underlying development of depression and the role of sleep. In this review, we first introduce the structure of sleep and the facilitated neural plasticity caused by physiological sleep. Then, we introduce sleep disturbances and changes in plasticity in patients with depression. Finally, the effects and mechanisms of antidepressants and therapeutic sleep deprivation on neural plasticity are discussed.
Node Splitting: A Scheme for Generating Upper Bounds in Bayesian Networks

We formulate in this paper the mini-bucket algorithm for approximate inference in terms of exact inference on an approximate model produced by splitting nodes in a Bayesian network. The new formulation leads to a number of theoretical and practical implications. First, we show that branch-and-bound search algorithms that use mini-bucket bounds may operate in a drastically reduced search space. Second, we show that the proposed formulation inspires new mini-bucket heuristics and allows us to analyze existing heuristics from a new perspective. Finally, we show that this new formulation allows mini-bucket approximations to benefit from recent advances in exact inference, allowing one to significantly increase the reach of these approximations.
Performance Modeling and Analysis of Cache Blocking in Sparse Matrix Vector Multiply

We consider the problem of building high-performance implementations of sparse matrix-vector multiply (SpM×V), or y = y +A ·x, which is an important and ubiquitous computational kernel. Prior work indicates that cache blocking of SpM×V is extremely important for some matrix and machine combinations, with speedups as high as 3x. In this paper we present a new, more compact data structure for cache blocking for SpM×V and look at the general question of when and why performance improves. Cache blocking appears to be most effective when simultaneously 1) the vector x does not fit in cache 2) the vector y fits in cache 3) the non zeros are distributed throughout the matrix and 4) the non zero density is sufficiently high. In particular we find that cache blocking does not help with band matrices no matter how large x and y are since the matrix structure already lends itself to the optimal access pattern. Prior work on performance modeling assumed that the matrices were small enough so that x and y fit in the cache. However when this is not the case, the optimal block sizes picked by these models may have poor performance motivating us to update these performance models. In contrast, the optimum block sizes predicted by the new performance models generally match the measured optimum block sizes and therefore the models can be used as a basis for a heuristic to pick the block size. We conclude with architectural suggestions that would make processor and memory systems more amenable to SpM×V.
Reproductive Biotechnology and Gene Mapping : Tools for Conserving Rare Breeds of Livestock

Today’s livestock diversity originated from the wild ancestor species and was subsequently shaped through the processes of mutation, genetic drift, and natural and human selection. Only a subset of the diversity present in the ancestral species survives in the domestic counterparts. A 2007 report released by UN Food and Agriculture Organization ‘The State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources’, compiled from surveys conducted in 169 countries, found that nearly 70% of the world’s remaining livestock breeds live in developing countries. The UN report was presented to more than 300 policy makers, scientists, breeders, and livestock keepers at the First International Technical Conference on Animal Genetic Resources, held in September 2007 in Interlaken, Switzerland. The conference aims were to adopt a global plan of action for conserving animal genetic resources as its main outcome. In this paper, the current and potential contributions of reproductive and molecular biotechnology are considered as tools of conserving rare breeds of livestock.
The Politics of Asian Americans: Diversity and Community

Preface 1. Introduction 2. Who Am I? Mapping Ethnic Self-Identities 3. Political Orientations: Beliefs and Attitudes about Government 4. Understanding the Contours, Sources, and Impacts of Political Partisanship 5. Political Participitation in Electoral and Non-electoral Settings 6. Where and When Does Gender Matter? 7. Conclusions and Implications Appendix: Question Wording and Coding Scheme of the Pilot National Asian American Political Survey References
Going Green: An Exploratory Analysis of Energy-Related Questions

The popularity of smartphones - small computers that run on battery power - has exploded in the last decade. Unsurprisingly, power consumption is an overarching concern for mobile app developers, who are anxious to learn about power-related problems that are encountered by others. In this paper, we present an empirical study exploring the characteristics of energy-related questions posed in Stack Overflow, issues faced by the developers, and the most significantly discussed APIs. We extracted a sample of 5009 Stack Overflow questions, and manually analyzed 1000 posts of Android-related energy questions. Our study shows that developers are most concerned about energy-related issues that concern improper implementations, sensor, and radio utilization.
Preliminary Study of Alpha-Fetoprotein in Nonmalignant Liver Diseases. A Clinico-Biochemical Evaluation

This preliminary study was carried out to evaluate the behavior of AFP in 155 patients with benign diffuse liver diseases who underwent thorough clinical and laboratory evaluation. We found correlations between AFP and some clinical and biochemical parameters characteristic of liver diseases; serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) proved the most relevant (r = 0.27 p = 0.0004) and most reliable marker to predict AFP levels. 22.6% of the patients as a whole, 25.6% of the 86 cirrhotics and 18.8% of the 69 non-cirrhotics, had increased levels of AFP. Patients with active liver disease as measured by increased GOT, had higher AFP levels than patients with quiescent liver diseases (p = 0.0048), suggesting that cytolysis and/or regeneration plays a role in the increase in AFP. Elevation of the cutoff level was necessary to improve the specificity of AFP as a tumor marker. In our series, the cutoff of 9 ng/ml was exceeded by only 10% of the patients.
A Motion Controller for Compliant Four-Wheel-Steering Robots

This paper proposes a behaviour-based approach for the motion control problem of sustainable and compliant Four-Wheel-Steering robots. Each wheel is considered to be an independent entity that must react according to some local rules. Motivated by the Virtual Components Approach, behaviours implement these local rules by means of a set of virtual elements with a physical counterpart (e.g. springs, potential fields) to describe the desired behaviour a part of the robot has relative to another one, or to the environment. The local emplacement of the virtual components allows an intuitive design of motion control systems rendering to a fast development phase. An instance for a four-wheel-steering robot is proposed and tested in simulation, demonstrating a good compliance w.r. t. the environment in order to reduce power consumption and mechanical stress.
Host Transmission of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Is Controlled by Virulence Factors and Indigenous Intestinal Microbiota

ABSTRACT Transmission is an essential stage of a pathogen's life cycle and remains poorly understood. We describe here a model in which persistently infected 129X1/SvJ mice provide a natural model of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium transmission. In this model only a subset of the infected mice, termed supershedders, shed high levels (>108 CFU/g) of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium in their feces and, as a result, rapidly transmit infection. While most Salmonella serovar Typhimurium-infected mice show signs of intestinal inflammation, only supershedder mice develop colitis. Development of the supershedder phenotype depends on the virulence determinants Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2, and it is characterized by mucosal invasion and, importantly, high luminal abundance of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium within the colon. Immunosuppression of infected mice does not induce the supershedder phenotype, demonstrating that the immune response is not the main determinant of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium levels within the colon. In contrast, treatment of mice with antibiotics that alter the health-associated indigenous intestinal microbiota rapidly induces the supershedder phenotype in infected mice and predisposes uninfected mice to the supershedder phenotype for several days. These results demonstrate that the intestinal microbiota plays a critical role in controlling Salmonella serovar Typhimurium infection, disease, and transmissibility. This novel model should facilitate the study of host, pathogen, and intestinal microbiota factors that contribute to infectious disease transmission.
Prevalence, recognition, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a national sample of US children.

OBJECTIVE To determine the US national prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and whether prevalence, recognition, and treatment vary by socioeconomic group. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Nationally representative sample of the US population from 2001 to 2004. PARTICIPANTS Eight- to 15-year-old children (N = 3082) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (caregiver module) was used to ascertain the presence of ADHD in the past year based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) (DSM-IV) criteria. Prior diagnosis of ADHD by a health professional and ADHD medication use were assessed by caregiver report. RESULTS Of the children, 8.7% met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD. The poorest children (lowest quintile) were more likely than the wealthiest (highest quintile) to fulfill criteria for ADHD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-3.9). Among children meeting DSM-IV ADHD criteria, 47.9% had a prior diagnosis of ADHD and 32.0% were treated consistently with ADHD medications during the past year. Girls were less likely than boys to have their disorder identified (AOR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.8), and the wealthiest children were more likely than the poorest to receive regular medication treatment (AOR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.3-9.1). CONCLUSIONS Of US children aged 8 to 15 years, 8.7%, an estimated 2.4 million, meet DSM-IV criteria for ADHD. Less than half of children meeting DSM-IV criteria report receiving either a diagnosis of ADHD or regular medication treatment. Poor children are most likely to meet criteria for ADHD yet are least likely to receive consistent pharmacotherapy.
A worldwide survey of chronic cough: a manifestation of enhanced somatosensory response

Reports from individual centres suggest a preponderance of females with chronic cough. Females also have heightened cough reflex sensitivity. Here we have reviewed the age and sex of unselected referrals to 11 cough clinics. To investigate the cause of any observed sex dimorphism, functional magnetic resonance imaging of putative cough centres was analysed in normal volunteers. The demographic profile of consecutive patients presenting with chronic cough was evaluated. Cough challenge with capsaicin was undertaken in normal volunteers to construct a concentration-response curve. Subsequent functional magnetic resonance imaging during repeated inhalation of sub-tussive concentrations of capsaicin observed areas of activation within the brain and differences in the sexes identified. Of the 10 032 patients presenting with chronic cough, two-thirds (6591) were female (mean age 55 years). The patient profile was largely uniform across centres. The most common age for presentation was 60–69 years. The maximum tolerable dose of inhaled capsaicin was lower in females; however, a significantly greater activation of the somatosensory cortex was observed. Patients presenting with chronic cough from diverse racial and geographic backgrounds have a strikingly homogeneous demographic profile, suggesting a distinct clinical entity. The preponderance of females may be explained by sex-related differences in the central processing of cough sensation. Chronic cough in specialist clinics have homogenous demographic profiles, suggesting single clinical entity http://ow.ly/zrNAa
How the cell cycle impacts chromatin architecture and influences cell fate

Since the earliest observations of cells undergoing mitosis, it has been clear that there is an intimate relationship between the cell cycle and nuclear chromatin architecture. The nuclear envelope and chromatin undergo robust assembly and disassembly during the cell cycle, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of histone biogenesis and chromatin modification is controlled in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Chromatin binding proteins and chromatin modifications in turn influence the expression of critical cell cycle regulators, the accessibility of origins for DNA replication, DNA repair, and cell fate. In this review we aim to provide an integrated discussion of how the cell cycle machinery impacts nuclear architecture and vice-versa. We highlight recent advances in understanding cell cycle-dependent histone biogenesis and histone modification deposition, how cell cycle regulators control histone modifier activities, the contribution of chromatin modifications to origin firing for DNA replication, and newly identified roles for nucleoporins in regulating cell cycle gene expression, gene expression memory and differentiation. We close with a discussion of how cell cycle status may impact chromatin to influence cell fate decisions, under normal contexts of differentiation as well as in instances of cell fate reprogramming.