Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Data Structures for Efficient String Algorithms

This thesis deals with data structures that are mostly useful in the area of string matching and string mining. Our main result is an O(n)-time preprocessing scheme for an array of n numbers such that subsequent queries asking for the position of a minimum element in a specified interval can be answered in constant time (so-called RMQs for Range Minimum Queries). The space for this data structure is 2n+o(n) bits, which is shown to be asymptotically optimal in a general setting. This improves all previous results on this problem. The main techniques for deriving this result rely on combinatorial properties of arrays and so-called Cartesian Trees. For compressible input arrays we show that further space can be saved, while not affecting the time bounds. For the two-dimensional variant of the RMQ-problem we give a preprocessing scheme with quasi-optimal time bounds, but with an asymptotic increase in space consumption of a factor of log(n). It is well known that algorithms for answering RMQs in constant time are useful for many different algorithmic tasks (e.g., the computation of lowest common ancestors in trees); in the second part of this thesis we give several new applications of the RMQ-problem. We show that our preprocessing scheme for RMQ (and a variant thereof) leads to improvements in the space- and time-consumption of the Enhanced Suffix Array, a collection of arrays that can be used for many tasks in pattern matching. In particular, we will see that in conjunction with the suffix- and LCP-array 2n+o(n) bits of additional space (coming from our RMQ-scheme) are sufficient to find all occ occurrences of a (usually short) pattern of length m in a (usually long) text of length n in O(m*s+occ) time, where s denotes the size of the alphabet. This is certainly optimal if the size of the alphabet is constant; for non-constant alphabets we can improve this to O(m*log(s)+occ) locating time, replacing our original scheme with a data structure of size approximately 2.54n bits. Again by using RMQs, we then show how to solve frequency-related string mining tasks in optimal time. In a final chapter we propose a space- and time-optimal algorithm for computing suffix arrays on texts that are logically divided into words, if one is just interested in finding all word-aligned occurrences of a pattern. Apart from the theoretical improvements made in this thesis, most of our algorithms are also of practical value; we underline this fact by empirical tests and comparisons on real-word problem instances. In most cases our algorithms outperform previous approaches by all means.
Local distinguishability of quantum states in infinite-dimensional systems

We investigate local distinguishability of quantum states by use of convex analysis of joint numerical range of operators on a Hilbert space. We show that any two orthogonal pure states are distinguishable by local operations and classical communications, even for infinite-dimensional systems. An estimate of the local discrimination probability is also given for some families of more than two pure states.
Landau-Zener transition in a multilevel system. An exact result

W e study the S-m atrix forthe transitions atan avoided crossing ofseveralenergy levels,which isa m ultilevelgeneralization oftheLandau-Zenerproblem . W edem onstrate that,by extending the Schr(cid:127)odinger evolution to com plex tim e,one can obtain an exact answer for som e ofthe transition am plitudes. Sim ilar to the Landau-Zener case,our result covers both the adiabatic regim e (slow evolution.) and the diabatic regim e (fast evolution). The form ofthe exact transition am plitude coincides with that obtained in a sequentialpairwise levelcrossing approxim ation,in accord with the conjecture ofBrundoblerand Elser[10].
Theory of unidirectional spin heat conveyer

We theoretically investigate the unidirectional spin heat conveyer effect recently reported in the literature that emerges from the Damon-Eshbach spin wave on the surface of a magnetic material. We develop a simple phenomenological theory for heat transfer dynamics in a coupled system of phonons and the Damon-Eshbach spin wave, and demonstrate that there arises a direction-selective heat flow as a result of the competition between an isotropic heat diffusion by phonons and a unidirectional heat drift by the spin wave. The phenomenological approach can account for the asymmetric local temperature distribution observed in the experiment.
High-Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy and Modeling of the Absorbing and Emitting Outflow in NGC 3783

The high-resolution X-ray spectrum of NGC 3783 shows several dozen absorption lines and a few emission lines from the H-like and He-like ions of O, Ne, Mg, Si, and S, as well as from Fe XVII-Fe XXIII L-shell transitions. We have reanalyzed the Chandra HETGS spectrum using better flux and wavelength calibrations, along with more robust methods. Combining several lines from each element, we clearly demonstrate the existence of the absorption lines and determine that they are blueshifted relative to the systemic velocity by -610 ± 130 km s-1. We find the Ne absorption lines in the High-Energy Grating spectrum to be resolved with FWHM = 840 km s-1; no other lines are resolved. The emission lines are consistent with being at the systemic velocity. We have used regions in the spectrum where no lines are expected to determine the X-ray continuum, and we model the absorption and emission lines using photoionized-plasma calculations. The model consists of two absorption components, with different covering factors, which have an order-of-magnitude difference in their ionization parameters. The two components are spherically outflowing from the active galactic nucleus, and thus contribute to both the absorption and the emission via P Cygni profiles. The model also clearly requires O VII and O VIII absorption edges. The low-ionization component of our model can plausibly produce UV absorption lines with equivalent widths consistent with those observed from NGC 3783. However, we note that this result is highly sensitive to the unobservable UV to X-ray continuum, and the available UV and X-ray observations cannot firmly establish the relationship between the UV and X-ray absorbers. We find good agreement between the Chandra spectrum and simultaneous ASCA and RXTE observations. The 1 keV deficit previously found when modeling ASCA data probably arises from iron L-shell absorption lines not included in previous models. We also set an upper limit on the FWHM of the narrow Fe Kα emission line of 3250 km s-1. This is consistent with this line originating outside the broad-line region, possibly from a torus.
Some Important Issues of the Commercial Production of 1-D Nano-PANI

One-dimensional polyaniline nano-materials (1-D nano-PANI) have great promise applications in supercapacitors, sensors and actuators, electrochromic devices, anticorrosive coatings, and other nanometer devices. Consequently, commercial production of 1-D nano-PANI at large-scale needs to be quickly developed to ensure widespread usage of this material. Until now, approaches—including hard template methods, soft template methods, interfacial polymerization, rapid mixing polymerization, dilute polymerization, and electrochemical polymerization—have been reported to be used to preparation of this material. Herein, some important issues dealing with commercial production of 1-D nano-PANI are proposed based on the complexity of the synthetic process, its characters, and the aspects of waste production and treatment in particular. In addition, potential solutions to these important issues are also proposed.
Interfacial dynamics of stationary gas bubbles in flows in inclined tubes

We have experimentally examined the effects of bubble size (0.4 [les ] λ [les ] 2.0), inclination angle (0° [les ] α [les ] 90°), and tube material on suspended gas bubbles in flows in tubes for a range of Weber (0 [les ] We [les ] 3.6), Reynolds (0 [les ] Re [les ] 1200), and Froude (0 [les ] Frα [les ] 1) numbers. Flow rates and associated pressure differences which allow the suspension of bubbles in glass and acrylic tubes are measured. Due to contact angle hysteresis, bubbles which dry the tube wall (i.e. form a gas–solid interface) may remain suspended over a range of flows while non-drying bubbles remain stationary for a single flow rate depending on experimental conditions. Stationary bubbles increase the axial pressure gradient with larger bubbles and steeper inclination angles leading to the greatest increase in the pressure gradient. Both the suspension flow range and pressure difference modifications are strongly dependent upon gas/liquid/solid material interactions. Stronger contact forces, i.e. smaller spreading coefficients, cause dried bubbles in acrylic tubes to remain stationary over a wider range of suspension flows than bubbles in glass tubes. Bubble deformation is governed by the interaction of interfacial, contact, and flow-derived forces. This investigation reveals the importance of bubble size, tube inclination, and tube material on gas bubble suspension.
SYNTHESIS OF ORIENTED TEXTURED DIAMOND FILMS ON SILICON VIA HOT FILAMENT CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION

Oriented diamond films were achieved on Si(001) and Si(111) substrates via hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) with the orientation relationship of dia〈110〉//Si〈110〉 and dia(001)//Si(001) for Si(001), and of dia〈110〉//Si〈110〉 and dia(111)//Si(111) for Si(111). The substrates were negatively biased relative to the filament during the nucleation stage. The as‐grown films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The role of negative bias is discussed in light of the differences between HFCVD and microwave plasma CVD. In conclusion, the importance of the electron emission from the diamond coating on the substrate holder is highlighted, while the ion bombardment is eliminated as a main factor based on our experiments.
Mode switching and oscillations in PSR B1828–11

The young pulsar PSR B1828-11 has long been known to show correlated shape and spin-down changes with timescales of roughly 500 and 250 days, perhaps associated with large-scale magnetospheric switching. Here we present multi-hour observations with the Parkes and Green Bank Telescopes at multiple phases across the roughly 500-day cycle and show that the pulsar undergoes mode-changing between two stable, extreme profile states. The fraction of time spent in each profile state naturally accounts for the observed overall "shape parameter" (defined to be 0 for wide profiles and 1 for narrow ones); this and the variable rate of the mode transitions are directly related to the spin-down changes. We observe that the mode transition rate could plausibly function as an additional parameter governing the chaotic behaviour in this object which was proposed earlier by Seymour and Lorimer. Free precession is not needed to account for the variations.
THE WORD PROBLEM IN SEMI-GROUPS WITH CANCELLATION

It will be shown that the word problem in semi-groups with cancellation is not solvable. The method depends on reducing the unsolvability of the problem in question to a known unsolvable problem connected with the logical computing machines introduced by Post (Post, [1]) and the author (Turing, [1]). In this we follow Post (Post, [2]) who reduced the problem of Thue to this same unsolvable problem.
Stochastic inclusion principle applied to decentralized automatic generation control

An input-state-output inclusion principle for linear stochastic systems is proposed, with the emphasis on restriction and aggregation conditions for estimators and dynamic controllers. Inclusion of the LQG (linear quadratic Gaussian) optimal design is formulated and applied to the decentralized overlapping control of large-scale interconnected systems. Applications of the proposed methodology are illustrated using a stochastic model of automatic generation control (AGC) for interconnected power systems. Three types of overlapping decentralized and fully decentralized dynamic controllers, consisting of state estimators and feedback gains, are proposed for the cases of full and reduced measurement sets. An extensive analysis of both steady-state and transient regimes under a variety of operating conditions shows the superiority of the proposed AGC scheme with respect to the standard AGC designs.
On the Comaximal Graph of a Commutative Ring

Abstract Let $R$ be a commutative ring with 1. In a 1995 paper in J. Algebra, Sharma and Bhatwadekar defined a graph on $R$ , $\Gamma \left( R \right)$ , with vertices as elements of $R$ , where two distinct vertices $a$ and $b$ are adjacent if and only if $Ra\,+\,Rb\,=\,R$ . In this paper, we consider a subgraph ${{\Gamma }_{2}}\left( R \right)$ of $\Gamma \left( R \right)$ that consists of non-unit elements. We investigate the behavior of ${{\Gamma }_{2}}\left( R \right)$ and ${{\Gamma }_{2}}\left( R \right)\backslash \text{J}\left( R \right)$ , where $\text{J}\left( R \right)$ is the Jacobson radical of $R$ . We associate the ring properties of $R$ , the graph properties of ${{\Gamma }_{2}}\left( R \right)$ , and the topological properties of $\text{Max}\left( R \right)$ . Diameter, girth, cycles and dominating sets are investigated, and algebraic and topological characterizations are given for graphical properties of these graphs.
Normal-state electronic structure in the heavily overdoped regime of Bi1.74 Pb0.38 Sr1.88 Cu O6+δ single-layer cuprate superconductors : An angle-resolved photoemission study

We explore the electronic structure in the heavily overdoped regime of the single layer cuprate superconductor Bi1.74Pb0. 38Sr1.88CuO6+delta. We found that the nodal quasiparticle behavior is dominated mostly by phonons, while the antinodal quasiparticle lineshape is dominated by spin fluctuations. Moreover, while long range spin fluctuations diminish at very high doping, the local magnetic fluctuations still dominate the quasiparticle dispersion, and the system exhibits a strange metal behavior in the entire overdoped regime.
Two-dimensional phase transition in granular NbN films

The resistance of several granular NbN films has been measured as a function of temperature as they approach the superconducting state. The lowest-resistance data deviate from earlier reported power-law behavior above a phase-ordering transition T/sub c/j, but are consistent with the exponential expression describing the resistance above a two-dimensional phase-transition temperature, T/sub 2D/, of the type proposed by Kosterlitz and Thouless. At T/sub 2D/ a finite supercurrent appears.
Adhesion studies of Cu‐Cr alloys on Al2O3

Adhesion of Cu‐Cr alloys to c‐axis sapphire wafers has been studied. A large increase in peel strength was observed when the Cr content exceeded 15 at. % for the as‐deposited alloy films. The high measured peel strength can be attributed to Cr that segregates to the sapphire‐alloy interface due to its high free energy in the metastable alloy structure. Heat treatment was found to greatly enhance the adhesion of low Cr containing (15 at. %) Cu‐Cr alloys to c‐axis sapphire. Cr was found to segregate to the sapphire‐alloy interface or separate as spherical precipitates in the Cu matrix upon appropriate thermal treatment. Increase in peel strength between sapphire and the low Cr alloy interface was observed at annealing temperatures as low as 200 °C.
The Conical Singularity And Quantum Corrections To Entropy Of Black Hole

For general ﬁnite temperature diﬀerent from the Hawking one there appears a well known conical singularity in the Euclidean classical solution of gravitational equations. The method of regularizing the cone by regular surface is used to de-termine the curvature tensors for such a metrics. This allows one to calculate the one-loop matter eﬀective action and the corresponding one-loop quantum corrections to the entropy in the framework of the path integral approach of Gibbons and Hawking. The two-dimensional and four-dimensional cases are considered. The entropy of the Rindler space is shown to be divergent logarithmically in two dimensions and quadratically in four dimensions that coincides with results obtained earlier. For the eternal 2D black hole we observe ﬁnite, dependent on the mass, correction to the entropy. The entropy of the 4D Schwarzschild black hole is shown to possess an additional (in comparison with the 4D Rindler space) logarithmically divergent correction which does not vanish in the limit of inﬁnite mass of the black hole. We argue that inﬁnities of the entropy in four dimensions are renormalized by the renormalization of the gravitational coupling.
Role of quark mass in cold and dense perturbative QCD

We consider the equation of state of QCD at high density and zero temperature in perturbation theory to first order in the coupling constant {alpha}{sub s}. We compute the thermodynamic potential including the effect of a nonvanishing mass for the strange quark and show that corrections are sizable. Renormalization group running of the coupling and the strange quark mass plays a crucial role. The structure of quark stars is dramatically modified.
Financial Distress Study Based on PSO K-Means Clustering Algorithm and Rough Set Theory

The traditional financial distress method normally divided samples into two categories by healthy and bankruptcy. And the financial indicators are typically chosen without using a systematic and reasonable theory. To be more realistic, this paper selected all the companies in a certain industry as the research objects. Twenty-one financial indicators were primarily chosen as the condition attributes, reduction set was obtained by matrix reduction identification based on rough set theory. Then PSO-based clustering algorithm K-means was used to divide subjects into 5 categories of different financial status. The decision-making table was formed with the reduction set using the classification as a decision attribute. Finally, we tested the reasonableness of the classification and generated early warning rules together with rough set theory to evaluate the financial status of listed companies. The results showed that PSO-based K-means algorithm was able to reasonably classify companies, at the same time to overcome the subjective impacts in the artificial measure of financial crisis level. Data generated using this method agreed with the rough set theory for up to 87.0%, thus proving this method to be effective and feasible.
A rapid simulation of nano‐particle transport in a two‐dimensional human airway using POD/Galerkin reduced‐order models

An approach is proposed for the rapid prediction of nano‐particle transport and deposition in the human airway, which requires the solution of both the Navier–Stokes and advection–diffusion equations and for which computational efficiency is a challenge. The proposed method builds low‐order models that are representative of the fully coupled equations by means of the Galerkin projection and proper orthogonal decomposition technique. The obtained reduced‐order models (ROMs) are a set of ordinary differential equations for the temporal coefficients of the basis functions. The numerical results indicate that the ROMs are highly efficient for the computation (the speedup factor is approximately 3 × 103) and have reasonable accuracy compared with the full model (relative error of ≈7 × 10−3). Using ROMs, the deposition of particles is studied for 1≤dn≤100 nm, where dn is the diameter of a nano‐particle. The effectiveness of this approach is promising for applications of health risk assessment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epitaxial growth and the magnetic properties of orthorhombic YTiO3 thin films

High-quality YTiO3 thin films were grown on LaAlO3 (110) substrates at low oxygen pressures (⩽10−8Torr) using pulsed laser deposition. The in-plane asymmetric atomic arrangements at the substrate surface allowed the authors to grow epitaxial YTiO3 thin films, which have an orthorhombic crystal structure with quite different a- and b-axis lattice constants. The YTiO3 film exhibited a clear ferromagnetic transition at 30K with a saturation magnetization of about 0. 7μB∕Ti. The magnetic easy axis was found to be along the [1−10] direction of the substrate, which differs from the single crystal easy axis direction, i.e., [001].
Squall Lines and Convectively Coupled Gravity Waves in the Tropics: Why Do Most Cloud Systems Propagate Westward?

AbstractThe coupling between tropical convection and zonally propagating gravity waves is assessed through Fourier analysis of high-resolution (3-hourly, 0.5°) satellite rainfall data. Results show the familiar enhancement in power along the dispersion curves of equatorially trapped inertia–gravity waves with implied equivalent depths in the range 15–40 m (i.e., pure gravity wave speeds in the range 12–20 m s−1). Here, such wave signals are seen to extend all the way down to zonal wavelengths of around 500 km and periods of around 8 h, suggesting that convection–wave coupling may be important even in the context of mesoscale squall lines. This idea is supported by an objective wave-tracking algorithm, which shows that many previously studied squall lines, in addition to “2-day waves,” can be classified as convectively coupled inertia–gravity waves with the dispersion properties of shallow-water gravity waves. Most of these disturbances propagate westward at speeds faster than the background flow. To under.
Bayes invariant quadratic estimators for variance components in linear models

Let be y = Xβ = Uϵ a linear model with independently– not necessary normally–distributed error components ϵ i and where Vi (i = 1, …, p) are known diagonal matrices and the are unknown scalars (cariance components. Starting from a prior distribution with respect to θ Bayes solutionf for two classes of quadratic estimators for linear functions of the variance components are given. They result from solutions of linear equation systems and in general they depent–beside on the experimental design (X, U, V, …, Vp )–only on skewness and kurtosis of the s. For normally distributed y a slightly more general model is considered and a complete class of quadratic estimates is derived.
Statistical Properties of the Atmospheric Pressure Field Over the Arctic Ocean

Abstract Many useful statistical properties can be derived for isotropic, stationary, homogeneous, Gaussian random fields. The field of surface pressure in the region north of 70°N is shown to approximately satisfy these conditions. Under these conditions, all properties of the field are related to the autocovariance, which is a function of time and space lag. In particular, the following quantities are derived: the time and space covariance functions for the geostrophic wind; the covariance functions for the vorticity of the geostrophic wind; the average number of highs, lows and saddles per unit area; the average number of highs, lows and saddles at which the vorticity exceeds a specified threshold; and the probability density function for the Gaussian curvature of the pressure surface. The horizontal shear in the geostrophic wind is also investigated, as is the number of umbilic points per unit area. Estimates for all these quantities are constructed using observations of surface pressure from the Arct.
Capillary Instability of a Liquid Jet

The capillary instability of a liquid cylindrical jet is studied both in the case of a static jet or a jet in pure axial motion, with additional rotation and with a superposed magnetic field. The static jet, which is unstable for axisymmetric perturbations of wavelengths exceeding its circumference, is stabilized by a sufficiently strong magnetic field. Rotation causes stability or instability according to the relative angular velocities of jet and surroundings. A jet in axial motion is unstable even in a magnetic field. For a given velocity, the jet is stable only for such perturbations which have wave numbers exceeding a given value.