Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occupation and Adult Gliomas in the San Francisco Bay Area

The etiology of gliomas is not well understood. Some jobs might involve sustained and elevated exposures to carcinogens. This study compares lifetime job histories of 879 glioma cases diagnosed between August 1991 to April 1994 and May 1997 to August 1999 in the San Francisco Bay Area and 864 controls. Logistic analyses compared longest and ever held occupations of 1 year or more for all astrocytic and nonastrocytic cases and controls overall with adjustment for age, gender, and ethnicity and separately for men and women. Two-fold or higher or statistically significant elevated odds ratios were found overall and in men among those with longest held occupations, as firefighters, physicians, material moving equipment operators, and janitors; such elevated odds ratios were also observed for longest-held occupations among male motor vehicle operators and personal service workers and female messengers, legal/social service workers, electronic equipment operators, painters, and food processors. Odds ratios of 0.50 or less, but not statistically significant, were found for those with longest held jobs as writers/journalists, biological scientists, paper workers, mechanics, chemists, and photographers/photoprocessors. This study supports previously observed occupational associations and is one of the few studies with sufficient numbers to separately analyze occupations by gender.
Testing the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the stigma of suicide scale (soss) with a sample of university students

Objectives: Since stigmatizing people who attempt suicide can have very serious consequences, learning about this form of stigmatization is important. The aim of this study is to examine the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Stigma of Suicide Scale (SOSS) with a sample of university students. Methods: The study used a methodological design. Its sample included 1,100 university students. Validity and reliability analyses were done after verifying the scale’s linguistic equivalence. The scale’s applicability and understandability was pilot tested. Test-retest reliability was tested with 100 students. After the linguistic equivalence of the scale was assured, its relevance and reliability analyses were conducted. Results: The intra-class correlation coefficient of the Turkish version of the SOSS was 0.93 (F=15.426, p<0.01), indicating good test-retest reliability (r=0.76-0.87, p<0.001). Exploratory factor analysis found that the SOSS has three factors (stigma, isolation/depression and glorification/ normalization). Its three-factor structure was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Of the 58 items assessed for inclusion on the scale, 3 items (a burden, punishing others and weak) did not load above 0.33 on any factor and were excluded from its final version, leaving 55 items. Its Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.90, and factor loading was between 0.36 and 0.69. Analyses showed that each factor structure of the Turkish version of the SOSS had high internal consistency. Conclusion: The current study found that the Turkish version of the SOSS is a relevant and reliable scale for assessing the stigmatizing attitudes towards people who committed suicide. The SOSS is the first attitudes scale designed to directly measure the stigma of suicide in the community.
Airborne Co-polarization and Cross-Polarization Observations of the Ocean-Surface NRCS at C-Band

Airborne co-polarization and cross-polarization observations of ocean surface normalized radar cross section (NRCS) were conducted over the North Atlantic during January and February 2015. Observations were made using the University of Massachusetts' Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (IWRAP) radar system and a prototype antenna for the next-generation European scatterometer aboard MetOp-SG. Both were installed on a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) WP-3D research aircraft to characterize the wind response of the ocean-surface cross-polarization NRCS. During the flights, numerous constant-roll-angle circle maneuvers were performed at several different angles to collect NRCS measurements over a range of incidence angles. Surface winds at speeds between 8 and 34 ms-1 were observed at incidence angles from 20° to 60° at all polarization combinations. The majority of measurements fell between 8 and 20 ms-1. Wind-direction dependence similar to copolarized NRCS was observed in the cross-polarized (VH) NRCS. The amplitude of the VH NRCS with respect to direction is less than that of copolarized NRCS at all wind speeds. Incidence angle dependence was also observed in the VH NRCS at all wind speeds. As a function of wind speed, the mean VH NRCS (A0) has a similar shape to the VV NRCS. The VH NRCS appears to not saturate at most incidence angles, unlike the VV and HH NRCS. VH and HH geophysical model functions (GMFs) were developed as functions of wind speed, incidence angle, and wind-relative azimuth for the wind speeds and incidence angles observed.
Study of Multiple Land Use Planning Based on the Coordinated Development of Wetland Farmland: A Case Study of Fuyuan City, China

Fuyuan City is located in the black soil region of northeast China. Its fertile soil and flat terrain provide a reliable guarantee for the scale, intensification, and standardization of farmland. A large amount of land resources that can be used for the national food base has been developed, and the contradiction between the need for wetland protection and arable land development has become increasingly prominent. Based on the remote sensing data of 2000, 2005, and 2010, this paper simulates the future land use/land cover changes structure in Fuyuan City based on the Markov Chain model. According to the characteristics of Fuyuan City’s structure, economy, society, and natural environment, within the overall planning of the city, we explore three scenarios: business-as-usual scenarios, farmland conservation scenarios, and wetland conservation scenarios. The results revealed the following: (1) Under the business-as-usual scenario, the rapid development of Fuyuan City showed the characteristics of the continued expansion of urban area and the reduction of farmland and wetland area in 2020 compared with 2010. (2) Under farmland conservation scenarios, farmland was well protected and stable, while construction land expansion was restricted. (3) Under wetland conservation scenarios, wetland increased dramatically, which mainly derived from farmland, grassland, and unused land. According to the result, optimized countermeasures are proposed to balance the coordinated development of farmland and wetlands, to deepen the multiperiod planning of land use in Fuyuan City and to provide data support and a basis for decision-making.
High-quality view interpolation based on depth maps and its hardware implementation

Three dimensional (3D) vision applications have drawn more attention nowadays and many products are entering the mass market. View interpolation is a crucial step to generate intermediate viewpoints from reference images. However, it is still challenging to achieve good performance in both processing speed and image quality for various 3D applications. In this paper, a hardware-compatible view interpolation algorithm is proposed, which can produce high-quality intermediate images by disparity warping and color blending. Moreover, a fully pipelined hardware architecture is designed based on the algorithm. A prototype of the proposed architecture has been implemented on an Altera Stratix-IV FPGA board, achieving 65 frames per second (fps) with a full HD (1920 × 1080) resolution. It is evaluated on the Middlebury benchmark quantitatively, and visual results of real-world images are also provided.
Relative efficacy and safety of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies

Objectives To compare the efficacy and safety of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including salicylate, for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched from 1966 to January 2017. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing topical NSAIDs with placebo or each other in patients with OA and observational studies comparing topical NSAIDs with no treatment or each other irrespective of disease were included. Two investigators identified studies and independently extracted data. Bayesian network and conventional meta-analyses were conducted. The primary outcomes were pain relief for RCTs and risk of adverse effects (AEs) for observational studies. Results 43 studies, comprising 36 RCTs (7 900 patients with OA) and seven observational studies (218 074 participants), were included. Overall, topical NSAIDs were superior to placebo for relieving pain (standardised mean difference (SMD)=−0.30, 95% CI −0.40 to –0.20) and improving function (SMD=−0.35, 95% CI −0.45 to –0.24) in OA. Of all topical NSAIDs, diclofenac patches were most effective for OA pain (SMD=−0.81, 95% CI −1.12 to –0.52) and piroxicam was most effective for functional improvement (SMD=−1.04, 95% CI −1.60 to –0.48) compared with placebo. Although salicylate gel was associated with higher withdrawal rates due to AEs, the remaining topical NSAIDs were not associated with any increased local or systemic AEs. Conclusions Topical NSAIDs were effective and safe for OA. Diclofenac patches may be the most effective topical NSAID for pain relief. No serious gastrointestinal and renal AEs were observed in trials or the general population. However, confirmation of the cardiovascular safety of topical NSAIDs still warrants further observational study.
Epidural spinal-cord stimulation facilitates recovery of functional walking following incomplete spinal-cord injury

We investigated a novel treatment paradigm for developing functional ambulation in wheelchair-dependent individuals with chronic, incomplete spinal-cord injury. By coordinating epidural stimulation of the dorsal structures of the spinal cord with partial weight bearing treadmill therapy, we observed improvement in treadmill and over-ground ambulation in an individual with chronic incomplete tetraplegia. The application of partial weight-bearing therapy alone was not sufficient to achieve functional ambulation over ground, though treadmill ambulation improved significantly. Combining epidural spinal-cord stimulation (ESCS, T/sub 10/-T/sub 12/ vertebral levels) with partial weight-bearing therapy resulted in further improvement during treadmill ambulation. Moreover, the combination of therapies facilitated the transfer of the learned gait into over ground ambulation. Performance improvements were elicited by applying continuous, charge-balanced, monophasic pulse trains at a frequency of 40-60 Hz, a pulse duration of 800 /spl mu/s, and an amplitude determined by the midpoint (50%) between the sensory and motor threshold values. The participant initially reported a reduction in sense of effort for over ground walking from 8/10 to 3/10 (Borg scale), and was able to double his walking speed. After several weeks of over ground training, he reached maximum walking speeds of 0.35 m/s, and was able to ambulate over 325 m. We propose that ESCS facilitated locomotor recovery in this patient by augmenting the use-dependent plasticity created by partial weight bearing therapy. Confirmation of these promising results in a controlled study of groups of spinal-cord-injured subjects is warranted.
Dietary Fiber Intake Modifies the Positive Association between n – 3 PUFA Intake and Colorectal Cancer Risk in a Caucasian Population 1 – 3

Background: The association between dietary fat intake and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unclear. Objectives:We analyzed whether intakes of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were associated with CRC risk and whether these associations were modified by dietary fiber (DF) intake. Methods: This study was embedded in the Rotterdam Study, a prospective cohort study among subjects aged $55 y (n = 4967). At baseline, diet was measured by a food-frequency questionnaire. CRC events were diagnosed on the basis of pathology data and medical records. Multivariable adjusted HRs were calculated using Cox regression models. Results: During a mean follow-up period of 14.6 y, we identified 222 incident cases of CRC. There was no association between total PUFA, n–6 (v-6) PUFA, or SFA intake and CRC risk. n–3 PUFA intake was associated with an increased risk of CRC [tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: HR = 1.44 (95%CI: 1.02, 2.04), P-trend = 0.04]. When data were analyzed by food sources, only n–3 PUFAs from nonmarine sources were associated with an increased risk of CRC. A significant interaction between n–3 PUFA and DF intakes was found (P-interaction = 0.02). After stratification by median DF intake, an increased risk of CRC caused by n–3 PUFA intake was observed in participants with a DF intake less than the median [tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: HR = 1.96 (95% CI: 1.20, 3.19), P-trend = 0.01]. No association was observed in subjects with DF intake equal to or higher than the median. Conclusions: This study suggests that intake of n–3 PUFAs by adults is associated with an increased risk of CRC, which may be driven mainly by sources other than fish. Moreover, a complex interaction with DF intake may be present. J Nutr
Adaptive Channel Prediction, Beamforming and Scheduling Design for 5G V2I Network

One of the important use-cases of 5G network is the vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication which requires accurate understanding about its dynamic propagation environment. As 5G base stations (BSs) tend to have multiple antennas, they will likely employ beamforming to steer their radiation pattern to the desired vehicle equipment (VE). Furthermore, since most wireless standards employ an OFDM system, each VE may use one or more sub-carriers. To this end, this paper proposes a joint design of adaptive channel prediction, beamforming and scheduling for 5G V2I communications. The channel prediction algorithm is designed without the training signal and channel impulse response (CIR) model. In this regard, first we utilize the well known adaptive recursive least squares (RLS) technique for predicting the next block CIR from the past and current block received signals (a block may have one or more OFDM symbols). Then, we jointly design the beamforming and VE scheduling for each sub- carrier to maximize the uplink channel average sum rate by utilizing the predicted CIR. The beamforming problem is formulated as a Rayleigh quotient optimization where its global optimal solution is guaranteed. And, the VE scheduling design is formulated as an integer programming problem which is solved by employing a greedy search. The superiority of the proposed channel prediction and scheduling algorithms over those of the existing ones is demonstrated via numerical simulations.
DSP-based sinusoidal PWM signal generation algorithm for three phase inverters

Generation of DSP-based patterns to control voltage source inverters substantially helped the development of modern electric drives used in various applications. Although the DSP control is well known, there are few papers that cover in detail the control signal generation methodology. This paper presents a DSP-based algorithm to generate sinusoidal PWM signals. The sinusoidal PWM generation algorithm is written in C language so it can be reused easily, in addition to the flexibility it provides in terms of changing the PWM switching frequency and the fundamental frequency of the inverter output voltage. The algorithm development methodology and the experimental results are presented. The output voltage and current harmonic spectra are compared for 5 kHz and 10 kHz carrier frequencies. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. This work is part of a research project that aims to develop sensorless vector control of induction machines. This part is presented separately to document DSP based PWM algorithm development process.
Using Bayesian methods in strategy research: an extension of Hansenet al.

Hansen, Perry, and Reese (2004) recently argued for and demonstrated the utility of Bayesian methods for research associated with the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm. In this paper, we propose that Bayesian approaches are highly relevant not only for strategy problems based on the RBV, but also to its extensions in the areas of dynamic capabilities and co-evolution of industries and firms. Further, we argue that Bayesian methods are equally applicable for a wide range of strategy research questions at both the micro- and macro-level. Bayesian techniques are especially useful in addressing specific methodological challenges related to firm- and individual-level effects, firm-level predictive results, precision with small samples, asymmetric distributions, and the treatment of missing data. Moreover, Bayesian methods readily permit the engineering and updating of more realistic, complex models. We provide a specific illustration of the utility of Bayesian approaches in strategy research on entry order and pioneering advantage to show how they can help to inform research that integrates micro- and macro-phenomena within a dynamic and interactive environment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Managers' Decision Making Style

Considering different activities of managers, it can be seen clearly that decision making is the essence of all management activities. Decision making is counted as integral components of management and is manifested somehow in any management duty. On the other hand, organizational culture is a pattern from the fundamental default that a special group created it in the solution of problems to comply themselves with the environment and achieving harmony and solidarity. This pattern is valued in the path of movement of this group and proved that is useful and efficient. As a result, it is transferred as a true way of perceiving, thinking, emotion and behavior and managers are not separated from this fact. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between organizational culture and managers’ decision-making style. This study is applied and terms of gathering information are survey type. The research approach is also descriptive-analytical. A statistical population is the personnel of administrative and financial assistance of units and educational centers of the 8th region of Islamic Azad University. Sampling approach is based on Cochran method and is as cluster-random. Also, we used SPSS 16 in analytical section. Based on findings of this research, following the classic management style in decision making and inattention to the role of organizational culture and participant indexes of human resource in decisions and its current affairs and, on the other hand, the lack of attention to the impact of environmental changes on the organization, in addition to the lack of dynamism and required agility in performing duties, cannot benefit from enough productivity of existing sources especially in participation section and the empowerment of human resources. Keyword: Organizational Culture, Decision-Making Styles, Educational Centers, Islamic Azad University.
Urban Assessing potential coupling factors of European decoupled payments with the Modular Agricultural GeNeral Equilibrium Tool

In 2020, decoupled payments will represent about 42% of the CAP budget (green payments excluded). This report assesses the potential effects of European decoupled payments on farmers' production decisions, prior to a sensitivity analysis of different coupling factors using the Modular Applied GeNeral Equilibrium Tool (MAGNET). Scientific literature reveals different coupling channels such as capitalisation in land value, farmers' risk behaviour, credit accessibility, uncertainty about future policies and labour allocation through which European decoupled payments influence farm choices and thus output. For each of these channels the relevant literature introducing theoretical and empirical assessments is evaluated with the aim of deriving plausible behavioural parameters that improve the representation of decoupled payments in economic simulation models. To capture completely decoupled production behaviour, many CGE models typically represent decoupled payments as a uniform subsidy rate to the land using (agricultural) sectors. Nevertheless based on a thorough review of the literature, it appears that a more suitable modelling approach which caters for heterogeneous member state land markets, may be to split the allocation of decoupled payments. On the one hand, a proportion is committed to land as a function of the capitalisation rate into the rental value, whilst a second tranche is distributed uniformly across all factors, reflecting a balance of different coupling channels. A sensitivity analysis concludes that if one assumes differing degrees of coupling, it does have some implication for output and price results when conducting policy analysis.
Routine vaccinations and child survival: follow up study in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa.

Abstract Objective: To examine the association between routine childhood vaccinations and survival among infants in Guinea-Bissau. Design: Follow up study. Participants: 15 351 women and their children born during 1990 and 1996. Setting: Rural Guinea-Bissau. Main outcome measures: Infant mortality over six months (between age 0-6 months and 7-13 months for BCG, diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, and polio vaccines and between 7-13 months and 14-20 months for measles vaccine). Results: Mortality was lower in the group vaccinated with any vaccine compared with those not vaccinated, the mortality ratio being 0.74 (95% confidence interval 0.53 to 1.03). After cluster, age, and other vaccines were adjusted for, BCG was associated with significantly lower mortality (0.55 (0.36 to 0.85)). However, recipients of one dose of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis or polio vaccines had higher mortality than children who had received none of these vaccines (1.84 (1.10 to 3.10) for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis). Recipients of measles vaccine had a mortality ratio of 0.48 (0.27 to 0.87). When deaths from measles were excluded from the analysis the mortality ratio was 0.51 (0.28 to 0.95). Estimates were unchanged by controls for background factors. Conclusions: These trends are unlikely to be explained exclusively by selection biases since different vaccines were associated with opposite tendencies. Measles and BCG vaccines may have beneficial effects in addition to protection against measles and tuberculosis.