Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduced nitrite accumulation at the primary nitrite maximum in the cyclonic eddies in the western North Pacific subtropical gyre

Nitrite, an intermediate product of the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate (nitrification), accumulates in upper oceans, forming the primary nitrite maximum (PNM). Nitrite concentrations in the PNM are relatively low in the western North Pacific subtropical gyre (wNPSG), where eddies are frequent and intense. To explain these low nitrite concentrations, we investigated nitrification in cyclonic eddies in the wNPSG. We detected relatively low half-saturation constants (i.e., high substrate affinities) for ammonia and nitrite oxidation at 150 to 200 meter water depth. Eddy-induced displacement of high-affinity nitrifiers and increased substrate supply enhanced ammonia and nitrite oxidation, depleting ambient substrate concentrations in the euphotic zone. Nitrite oxidation is more strongly enhanced by the cyclonic eddies than ammonia oxidation, reducing concentrations and accelerating the turnover of nitrite in the PNM. These findings demonstrate a spatial decoupling of the two steps of nitrification in response to mesoscale processes and provide insights into physical-ecological controls on the PNM.
Loss of function of the ALS-associated NEK1 kinase disrupts microtubule homeostasis and nuclear import

Loss-of-function variants in NIMA-related kinase 1 (NEK1) constitute a major genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), accounting for 2 to 3% of all cases. However, how NEK1 mutations cause motor neuron (MN) dysfunction is unknown. Using mass spectrometry analyses for NEK1 interactors and NEK1-dependent expression changes, we find functional enrichment for proteins involved in the microtubule cytoskeleton and nucleocytoplasmic transport. We show that α-tubulin and importin-β1, two key proteins involved in these processes, are phosphorylated by NEK1 in vitro. NEK1 is essential for motor control and survival in Drosophila models in vivo, while using several induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)–MN models, including NEK1 knockdown, kinase inhibition, and a patient mutation, we find evidence for disruptions in microtubule homeostasis and nuclear import. Notably, stabilizing microtubules with two distinct classes of drugs restored NEK1-dependent deficits in both pathways. The capacity of NEK1 to modulate these processes that are critically involved in ALS pathophysiology renders this kinase a formidable therapeutic candidate.
Paleoecology and paleoclimatology of a late holocene peat deposit from Braendevinsskaer, Central West Greenland

The macroscopical plant and animal remains of a nearshore peat deposit in West Greenland are described and documented. The assemblages contain a mixture of limnic, terrestrial, and marine plants and animals. These are divided into four local macrofossil assemblage zones, of which zone 3, ca. A.D. 950 to ca. A.D. 1760, represents a wet phase which is correlated in part with the Little Ice Age.
Écologie de la besnoitiose chez les populations de caribous ( Rangifer tarandus) des régions subarctiques

Although Besnoitia tarandi has been described in Rangifer sp. for over 80 years, understanding of its ecology and distribution is still relatively limited. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the anatomical sampling site that enhances detection of Besnoitia tarandi infections in caribou populations; (ii) to evaluate the relative sensitivity and specificity of the in situ macroscopic assessment for diagnosis of besnoitiosis compared to the microscopic evaluation; and (iii) to identify potential risks factors associated with the prevalence and intensity of B. tarandi cysts and compare these across different populations. Our results suggest that calculating the number of cysts present in the superficial dermis of a skin section of the anterior mid-third of the metatarsus region by microscopic examination should be favored in order to monitor the presence and intensity of B. tarandi infections. Macroscopic assessment of B. tarandi cysts was not a sensitive method compared to that of a microscopic analysis. Besnoitia tarandi seems to be absent from Greenland but has been encountered in approximately one third of North-American caribou. A seasonal effect was noticed in the prevalence and intensity of B. tarandi infections; the parasite being more abundant in caribou sampled during the fall/winter period compared to the spring/summer period. This effect could reflect the increase abundance of B. tarandi following the end of the insect season (i.e. summer), supporting the role of arthropods as vectors of transmission. Reduction of the parasite burden by the immune system and/or a lower winter survival rate of severely infected caribou could explain the seasonal difference. The slightly higher prevalence in males suggests lower mortality rate, higher exposure and/or higher susceptibility to the parasite in infected males when compared to infected females. The apparent higher density of infection by B. tarandi in the Riviere-auxFeuilles herd (Nunavik, Quebec) suggests either higher exposure to the parasite or reduced resistance of caribou from this herd. The findings of this study suggest that infection by B. tarandi might reduce survival of individual animals; hence, the dynamic between this parasite and its hosts is worth further investigation, especially in these days of changing Arctic environment.
Post-operative outcomes in Indigenous patients in North America and Oceania: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Indigenous Peoples across North America and Oceania experience worse health outcomes compared to non-Indigenous people, including increased post-operative mortality. Several gaps in data exist regarding global differences in surgical morbidity and mortality for Indigenous populations based on geographic locations and across surgical specialties. The aim of this study is to evaluate disparities in post-operative outcomes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Eight electronic databases were searched with no language restriction. Studies reporting on Indigenous populations outside of Canada, the USA, New Zealand, or Australia, or on interventional procedures were excluded. Primary outcomes were post-operative morbidity and mortality. Secondary outcomes included reoperations, readmission rates, and length of hospital stay. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment. Eighty-four unique observational studies were included in this review. Of these, 67 studies were included in the meta-analysis (Oceania n = 31, North America n = 36). Extensive heterogeneity existed among studies and 50% were of poor quality. Indigenous patients had 1.26 times odds of post-operative morbidity (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.10–1.44, p<0.01) and 1.34 times odds of post-operative infection (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.12–1.59, p<0.01) than non-Indigenous patients. Indigenous patients also had 1.33 times odds of reoperation (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.02–1.74, p = 0.04). In conclusion, we found that Indigenous patients in North American and Oceania experience significantly poorer surgical outcomes than their non-Indigenous counterparts. Additionally, there is a low proportion of high-quality research focusing on assessing surgical equity for Indigenous patients in these regions, despite multiple international and national calls to action for reconciliation and decolonization to improve quality surgical care for Indigenous populations.
Multifunctional redundancy: Impossible or undetected?

Abstract The diversity‐functioning relationship is a pillar of ecology. Two significant concepts have emerged from this relationship: redundancy, the asymptotic relationship between diversity and functioning, and multifunctionality, a monotonic relationship between diversity and multiple functions occurring simultaneously. However, multifunctional redundancy, an asymptotic relationship between diversity and multiple functions occurring simultaneously, is rarely detected in research. Here we assess whether this lack of detection is due to its true rarity, or due to systematic research error. We discuss how inconsistencies in the use of terms such as ‘function’ lead to mismatched research. We consider the different techniques used to calculate multifunctionality and point out a rarely considered issue: how determining a function's maximum rate affects multifunctionality metrics. Lastly, we critique how a lack of consideration of multitrophic, spatiotemporal, interactions and community assembly processes in designed experiments significantly reduces the likelihood of detecting multifunctional redundancy. Multifunctionality research up to this stage has made significant contributions to our understanding of the diversity‐functioning relationship, and we believe that multifunctional redundancy is detectable with the use of appropriate methodologies.
Study of Simulation Cell Size in Mean-Field Studies of Interacting Lattice Models

A lattice model of interacting fermions is studied with the principal aim of assessing the dependence of calculated mean-field ground states versus the N × N lattice size, with N=16, 32, and 48. A two band model on the two-dimensional square lattice is simulated, with on-site energies and interaction parameters chosen to represent crystal field split orbitals in the moderately correlated regime. Nearest neighbor hopping leads to the well known van Hove singularities (vHs) of the square lattice. Anomalies in the inverse participation ratio of the eigenstates are found to be associated with the vHs, with their prevalence decreasing inversely with N. For the chosen model, inhomogeneous spin densities are always obtained for the small lattice size N=16, with the degree of variation decreasing rapidly for most polarizations as N is increased. Various spin polarizations are treated, and one case in which spin density inhomogeneity persists for the largest lattice size is discussed and analyzed. Coupling of spin density inhomogeneities to charge density variation is minor but evident, and is primarily of intra-orbital origin.
Rh19−: A high-spin super-octahedron cluster

Probing atomic clusters with magic numbers is of supreme importance but challenging in cluster science. Pronounced stability of a metal cluster often arises from coincident geometric and electronic shell closures. However, transition metal clusters do not simply abide by this constraint. Here, we report the finding of a magic-number cluster Rh19− with prominent inertness in the sufficient gas-collision reactions. Photoelectron spectroscopy experiments and global-minimum structure search have determined the geometry of Rh19− to be a regular Oh‑[Rh@Rh12@Rh6]− with unusual high-spin electronic configuration. The distinct stability of such a strongly magnetic cluster Rh19− consisting of a nonmagnetic element is fully unveiled on the basis of its unique bonding nature and superatomic states. The 1-nanometer–sized Oh-Rh19− cluster corresponds to a fragment of the face-centered cubic lattice of bulk rhodium but with altered magnetism and electronic property. This cluster features exceptional electron-spin state isomers confirmed in photoelectron spectra and suggests potential applications in atomically precise manufacturing involving spintronics and quantum computing.
Cross-species analysis identifies mitochondrial dysregulation as a functional consequence of the schizophrenia-associated 3q29 deletion

The 1.6-megabase deletion at chromosome 3q29 (3q29Del) is the strongest identified genetic risk factor for schizophrenia, but the effects of this variant on neurodevelopment are not well understood. We interrogated the developing neural transcriptome in two experimental model systems with complementary advantages: isogenic human cortical organoids and isocortex from the 3q29Del mouse model. We profiled transcriptomes from isogenic cortical organoids that were aged for 2 and 12 months, as well as perinatal mouse isocortex, all at single-cell resolution. Systematic pathway analysis implicated dysregulation of mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. These molecular signatures were supported by analysis of oxidative phosphorylation protein complex expression in mouse brain and assays of mitochondrial function in engineered cell lines, which revealed a lack of metabolic flexibility and a contribution of the 3q29 gene PAK2. Together, these data indicate that metabolic disruption is associated with 3q29Del and is conserved across species.
The role of sex and handedness in the performance of the smartphone-based Finger-Tapping Test

The Finger Tapping Test (FTT) is a classical neuropsychological test that assesses motor functioning, and recently it has been employed using smartphones. For classical protocols, it has been observed that sex and handedness influence the performance during the test. By assessing the influence of sex and handedness on the test, it is possible to adjust the performance measurements to ensure the validity of test results and avoid sex- and handedness-related bias. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of sex and handedness on smartphone-based FTT performance. We developed an Android application for the FTT and recruited 40 males and 40 females to carry out three spatial designs on it (protocols I, II, and III). Participants’ performance was measured using the global, temporal, and spatial parameters of the FTT. We observed that for the performance in protocol I, handedness had a significant influence on global and temporal variables, while the interaction between handedness and sex had a greater influence on spatial variables. For protocols II and III, we observed that handedness had a significant influence on global, temporal, and spatial variables compared to the other factors. We concluded that the smartphone-based test is partly influenced by handedness and sex, and in clinical implications, these factors should be considered during the evaluation of the smartphone-based FTT.
Sex differences in longitudinal personality stability in 1 chimpanzees

Personality factors analogous to the Big Five observed in humans are present in the great 19 apes. However, few studies have examined the long-term stability of great ape personality, 20 particularly using factor-based personality instruments. Here, we assessed overall group, and 21 individual-level, stability of chimpanzee personality by collecting ratings for chimpanzees ( N 22 = 50) and comparing them to ratings collected approximately 10 years previously, using the 23 same personality scale. The overall mean scores of three of the six factors differed across the 24 two time points. Sex differences in personality were also observed, with overall sex 25 differences found for three traits, and males and females showing different trajectories for 26 two further traits over the 10-year period. Regardless of sex, rank-order stability analysis 27 revealed strong stability for dominance; individuals who were dominant at the first time point 28 were also dominant 10 years later. The other personality factors exhibited poor to moderate 29 rank-order stability indicating that individuals were variable in their rank-position 30 consistency over time. As many studies assessing chimpanzee cognition rely on personality 31 data collected several years prior to testing, these data highlight the importance of collecting 32 current personality data when correlating them with cognitive performance.
Tracing the evolution of green logistics: A latent dirichlet allocation based topic modeling technology and roadmapping

Green logistics (GL) is the main development trend of modern logistics. The analysis of green logistics topics and their evolution is helpful in grasping its development trend and doing research facing the international frontier. Focusing on the hot topics and evolution process of green logistics, this paper analyzes from four aspects: firstly, this study divides the green logistics development progress into three stages based on life cycle theory, which are the emerging stage (1993–2003), slow growth stage (2004–2014) and rapid growth stage (2015–2021). Then, based on latent dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic model, this study summarizes and confirms related words and meaning of each topic in different stages. Furthermore, this study calculates the text similarity in each development stage of green logistics and analyzes the trend of hot topics in green logistics. Finally, this paper visualizes the development roadmap of green logistics and explores the progression among three stages. There are 4, 5, and 7 topics defined respectively in three development stages. The revolution of green logistics is analyzed, and the results show that "model and management on sustainable development of GL", "related issues and potential threats of GL", and "optimization analysis of low-carbon vehicle routing and time" are the primary development trends of green logistics. This study fills the gap in considering the evolution process of green logistics through topic modeling and roadmapping method. It provides a particular theoretical significance for the green and sustainable development of logistics.
Scalability Improvements in the NASA Goddard Multiscale Modeling Framework for Tropical Cyclone Climate Studies

A current, challenging topic in tropical cyclone (TC) 1 research is how to improve our understanding of TC inter-annual variability and the impact of climate change on TCs. Paired with the substantial computing power of the NASA Columbia supercomputer, the newlydeveloped multi-scale modeling framework (MMF) [1] shows potential for the related studies. The MMF consists of two NASA state-of-the-art modeling components, including the finite-volume General Circulation Model (fvGCM) and the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model (GCE). For TC climate studies, the MMF’s computational issues (e.g., limited scalability) need to be addressed. By introducing a meta grid system, we integrate the GCEs into a meta-global GCE, and apply a 2D domain decomposition in this grid-point space. A prototype parallelism implementation shows very promising scalability, giving a nearly linear speedup as the number of CPUs is increased from 30 to 364. This scalability improvement makes it more feasible to study TC climate. Future work on further model improvement will be also discussed. 1 Depending on their location, TCs are referred to by other names, such as hurricane (in the Atlantic region), typhoon (in the West Pacific region), tropical storm, cyclonic storm, and tropical depression.
GraphTS: Graph-represented time series for subsequence anomaly detection

Automatic detection of subsequence anomalies (i.e., an abnormal waveform denoted by a sequence of data points) in time series is critical in a wide variety of domains. However, most existing methods for subsequence anomaly detection often require knowing the length and the total number of anomalies in time series. Some methods fail to capture recurrent subsequence anomalies due to using only local or neighborhood information for anomaly detection. To address these limitations, in this paper, we propose a novel graph-represented time series (GraphTS) method for discovering subsequence anomalies. In GraphTS, we provide a new concept of time series graph representation model, which represents both recurrent and rare patterns in a time series. Particularly, in GraphTS, we develop a new 2D time series visualization (2Dviz) method, which compacts all 1D time series patterns into a 2D spatial temporal space. The 2Dviz method transfers time series patterns into a higher-resolution plot for easier sequence anomaly recognition (or detecting subsequence anomalies). Then, a Graph is constructed based on the 2D spatial temporal space of time series to capture recurrent and rare subsequence patterns effectively. The represented Graph also can be used to discover single and recurrent subsequence anomalies with arbitrary lengths. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
Phylogeography of the Sunda pangolin, Manis javanica: Implications for taxonomy, conservation management and wildlife forensics

Abstract The Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) is the most widely distributed Asian pangolin species, occurring across much of Southeast Asia and in southern China. It is classified as Critically Endangered and is one of the most trafficked mammals in the world, which not only negatively impacts wild Sunda pangolin populations but also poses a potential disease risk to other species, including humans and livestock. Here, we aimed to investigate the species' phylogeography across its distribution to improve our understanding of the species' evolutionary history, elucidate any taxonomic uncertainties and enhance the species' conservation genetic management and potential wildlife forensics applications. We sequenced mtDNA genomes from 23 wild Sunda pangolins of known provenance originating from Malaysia to fill sampling gaps in previous studies, particularly in Borneo. To conduct phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of Sunda pangolins across their range, we integrated these newly generated mitochondrial genomes with previously generated mtDNA and nuclear DNA data sets (RAD‐seq SNP data). We identified an evolutionarily distinct mtDNA lineage in north Borneo, estimated to be ~1.6 million years divergent from lineages in west/south Borneo and the mainland, comparable to the divergence time from the Palawan pangolin. There appeared to be mitonuclear discordance, with no apparent genetic structure across Borneo based on analysis of nuclear SNPs. These findings are consistent with the ‘out of Borneo hypothesis’, whereby Sunda pangolins diversified in Borneo before subsequently migrating throughout Sundaland, and/or a secondary contact scenario between mainland and Borneo. We have elucidated possible taxonomic issues in the Sunda/Palawan pangolin complex and highlight the critical need for additional georeferenced samples to accurately apportion its range‐wide genetic variation into appropriate taxonomic and conservation units. Additionally, these data have improved forensic identification testing involving these species and permit the implementation of geographic provenance testing in some scenarios.