Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Air-sea exchange in hurricanes : Synthesis of observations from the coupled boundary layer air-sea transfer experiment

The Coupled Boundary Layer Air–Sea Transfer (CBLAST) field program, conducted from 2002 to 2004, has provided a wealth of new air–sea interaction observations in hurricanes. The wind speed range for which turbulent momentum and moisture exchange coefficients have been derived based upon direct flux measurements has been extended by 30% and 60%, respectively, from airborne observations in Hurricanes Fabian and Isabel in 2003. The drag coefficient (CD) values derived from CBLAST momentum flux measurements show CD becoming invariant with wind speed near a 23 m s−1 threshold rather than a hurricane-force threshold near 33 m s−1 . Values above 23 m s−1 are lower than previous open-ocean measurements. The Dalton number estimates (CE) derived from CBLAST moisture flux measurements are shown to be invariant with wind speeds up to 30 m s −1 which is in approximate agreement with previous measurements at lower winds. These observations imply a CE/CD ratio of approximately 0.7, suggesting that additional energy sour.
Lost in the forest of circular economy certificates in tourism sector

Circular economy represents a paradigm shift compared to the linear economy (producer, use and throw away). This offers the possibility of producing by reducing waste and even seeks mechanisms to reuse them. This concept allows companies to show more responsible behavior. Moreover, it is shown as a source of improvement and efficiency. Circular economy has been implemented for a long time in industrial sectors, but it is not so widespread so far in the tourism sector. However, it is known to be one of the sources of improvement available to tourism companies, and in the last few years, these types of companies are showing great interest in adopting it. One of the difficulties for them is finding the right way to adopt specific measures. One of the paths that help companies to make their efforts more effective and also more visible is going for an official certificate that may show their stakeholders that they are consistent with circular economy principles. For this reason, most of the companies implementing circular economy also seek the reward of the visibility that a certification gives. However, many tourism companies feel lost in the forest of the huge amount of certificates available nowadays in the market, which supposedly analyze and identify such behavior. This article tries to shed some light to help companies within this context.
Visible CCD Camera-Guided Photoacoustic Imaging System for Precise Navigation during Functional Rat Brain Imaging

In photoacoustic (PA) imaging, tissue absorbs specific wavelengths of light. The absorbed energy results in thermal expansion that generates ultrasound waves that are reconstructed into images. Existing commercial PA imaging systems for preclinical brain imaging are limited by imprecise positioning capabilities and inflexible user interfaces. We introduce a new visible charge-coupled device (CCD) camera-guided photoacoustic imaging (ViCPAI) system that integrates an ultrasound (US) transducer and a data acquisition platform with a CCD camera for positioning. The CCD camera accurately positions the US probe at the measurement location. The programmable MATLAB-based platform has an intuitive user interface. In vitro carbon fiber and in vivo animal experiments were performed to investigate the precise positioning and imaging capabilities of the ViCPAI system. We demonstrated real-time capturing of bilateral cerebral hemodynamic changes during (1) forelimb electrical stimulation under normal conditions, (2) forelimb stimulation after right brain focal photothrombotic ischemia (PTI) stroke, and (3) progression of KCl-induced cortical spreading depression (CSD). The ViCPAI system accurately located target areas and achieved reproducible positioning, which is crucial in animal and clinical experiments. In animal experiments, the ViCPAI system was used to investigate bilateral cerebral cortex responses to left forelimb electrical stimulation before and after stroke, showing that the CBV and SO2 in the right primary somatosensory cortex of the forelimb (S1FL) region were significantly changed by left forelimb electrical stimulation before stroke. No CBV or SO2 changes were observed in the bilateral cortex in the S1FL area in response to left forelimb electrical stimulation after stroke. While monitoring CSD progression, the ViCPAI system accurately locates the S1FL area and returns to the same position after the probe moves, demonstrating reproducible positioning and reducing positioning errors. The ViCPAI system utilizes the real-time precise positioning capability of CCD cameras to overcome various challenges in preclinical and clinical studies.
Molecular Mechanism and Agricultural Application of the NifA–NifL System for Nitrogen Fixation

Nitrogen–fixing bacteria execute biological nitrogen fixation through nitrogenase, converting inert dinitrogen (N2) in the atmosphere into bioavailable nitrogen. Elaborating the molecular mechanisms of orderly and efficient biological nitrogen fixation and applying them to agricultural production can alleviate the “nitrogen problem”. Azotobacter vinelandii is a well–established model bacterium for studying nitrogen fixation, utilizing nitrogenase encoded by the nif gene cluster to fix nitrogen. In Azotobacter vinelandii, the NifA–NifL system fine–tunes the nif gene cluster transcription by sensing the redox signals and energy status, then modulating nitrogen fixation. In this manuscript, we investigate the transcriptional regulation mechanism of the nif gene in autogenous nitrogen–fixing bacteria. We discuss how autogenous nitrogen fixation can better be integrated into agriculture, providing preliminary comprehensive data for the study of autogenous nitrogen–fixing regulation.
Dielectric-screening properties and Coulomb pseudopotential μ * for MgB 2

We perform first-principles pseudopotential calculations to investigate the dielectric response for ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}$, and calculate the Coulomb repulsion parameter ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{*}$ using the full dielectric matrix approach. The calculated value for ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{*}$ is 0.118 when the Debye energy ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{D}$ of ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}$ is used for the phononic cutoff energy ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{c}$, while ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{*}=0.151$ for ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{c}=0.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. We find that the local-field effect is significant due to the covalent nature of chemical bonds, enhancing the dielectric screening and thereby reducing the Coulomb repulsion parameter. In addition, due to the small density of states at the Fermi level, the value of ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{*}$ is smaller than those obtained from first principles for $\mathrm{Nb}$ and $\mathrm{Li}$. We also examine the anisotropy of the Coulomb repulsion $\ensuremath{\mu}(\mathbf{k},{\mathbf{k}}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ on the Fermi surface, and find that the repulsions between the $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ and $\ensuremath{\pi}$ bands are much smaller than those within the $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ and $\ensuremath{\pi}$ bands.
Anharmonicity and the interstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon infrared emission spectrum

The hypothesis that interstellar infrared emission originates from vibrationally excited polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) requires that emission can arise from all vibrational levels that are energetically accessible. Due to anharmonicity, the emission from the upper vibrational levels is shifted to longer wavelengths from that of the v = 1-0 transition. It is shown that structure in the 3-micron region is readily and quantitatively explained by emission from upper vibrational levels of excited PAHs that contain a maximum of 20-30 carbon atoms. The asymmetrical broadening of the 11.3-micron emission band may also be due to anharmonicity. 21 references.
Adjoint Estimation of the Variation in Model Functional Output due to the Assimilation of Data

Abstract A parametric approach to the adjoint estimation of the variation in model functional output due to the assimilation of data is considered as a tool to analyze and develop observation impact measures. The parametric approach is specialized to a linear analysis scheme and it is used to derive various high-order approximation equations. This framework includes the Kalman filter and incremental three-and four-dimensional variational data assimilation schemes implementing a single outer loop iteration. Distinction is made between Taylor series methods and numerical quadrature methods. The novel quadrature approximations require minimal additional software development and are suitable for testing and implementation at operational numerical weather prediction centers where a data assimilation system (DAS) and the associated adjoint DAS are in place. Their potential use as tools for observation impact estimates needs to be further investigated. Preliminary numerical experiments are provided using the fif.
Rheology, rheometers, and matching models to experiments

We consider the general problem of matching rheological models to experiments. We introduce the concept of identifiability of models from a given set of experiments. To illustrate this in detail, we study two rheology models, the grade-two and Oldroyd 3-parameter models, and consider two hypothetical rheometers to see if the coefficients of the rheology models are identifiable from experimental measurements or not. For the Oldroyd models, we show that the coefficients can be estimated from experiments from the two rheometers. But for the grade-two model, it is not possible to distinguish the two nonNewtonian parameters, only their sum can be estimated, and thus the grade-two model is not identifiable by the two hypothetical rheometers. However, our results imply that a different rheometer may be able to do that.
Polymeric Coatings for Drug Delivery by Medical Devices

An analysis of the current landscape of therapeutics and delivery methods was conducted, aiming the field of drug delivery systems. Drug delivery biodistribution characteristics should be systematically understood, in order to maximize the function of these delivery systems. As a result, this review covers a history of the drug delivery systems, as well as the basic terminology associated with them, with a focus on the usage of polymers in the drug administration systems (particularly in form of coatings) and their application. New trends in nanomaterials-based drug delivery systems, primarily for cancer treatment, were presented, involving a technology designed to maximize therapeutic efficacy of drugs by controlling their biodistribution profile. There is a justified need to investigate drug delivery systems in form of thin films because, in comparation to bulk drug delivery system, which have a long and comprehensive history, there is still insufficient and fragmented understanding about the delivery of thin polymeric films, with research limited in general to very specific cases. Our efforts have been concentrated on these specifically polymeric drug delivery systems in the form of coatings. Understanding the dynamic changes that occur in a biodegradable polymeric thin film can aid in the prediction of the future performance of synthesized films designed to be used as implantable medical devices. Extensive research is required to continuously develop new therapeutic systems in order to achieve an optimal concentration of a specific drug at its site of action for an appropriate duration.
Helical Long-Period Fiber Grating-Based OAM Interferometer and Its Application to Fiber Sensing

Orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) beams-based interferometers have recently been attracted significant interest and found various applications in the field of optical precision measurement. Whereas all-fiber OAM interferometers featured with the superior characteristics of the compact size, low cost, extremely-low insertion-loss, and the inherent compatibility with other fiber devices, have less been studied and especially demonstrated in experiment. In this study, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated an all-fiber OAM beams-based interferometer, where the two conjugated OAM beams generated by helical long-period fiber gratings (HLPGs) but with opposite helicities, were particularly utilized as the tested and referenced beams, respectively. The resulted interferograms are of the polarization independence, robust, and particularly suitable for phase-demodulation in azimuthal angle domain. As application examples of the proposed all-fiber OAM beams-based interferometer, changes in temperature ranging from 30 °C to 60 °C and changes in the strain ranging from 0 to 100 μϵ were measured, respectively. The obtained maximum sensitivity in temperature and strain are 26.585 rad/°C and 2.130 rad/μϵ, respectively. The accuracies for temperature and strain measurements are estimated to be 0.0016 °C and 0.0195 μϵ, respectively, which are about 2–3 order higher than those obtained from the conventional optical fiber-based sensors. It is believed that the proposed all-fiber OAM beams-based interferometer would find potential applications to ultra-high precision and sensing measurements.
Identifying influential spreaders in interconnected networks

Identifying the most influential spreaders in spreading dynamics is of the utmost importance for various purposes for understanding or controlling these processes. The existing relevant works are limited to a single network. Most real networks are actually not isolated, but typically coupled and affected by others. The properties of epidemic spreading have recently been found to have some significant differences in interconnected networks from those in a single network. In this paper, we focus on identifying the influential spreaders in interconnected networks. We find that the well-known k-shell index loses effectiveness; some insignificant spreaders in a single network become the influential spreaders in the whole interconnected networks while some influential spreaders become no longer important. The simulation results show that the spreading capabilities of the nodes not only depend on their influence for the network topology, but also are dramatically influenced by the spreading rate. Based on this perception, a novel index is proposed for measuring the influential spreaders in interconnected networks. We then support the efficiency of this index with numerical simulations.
Gyrotropic phase transitions

Structural (gyrotropic) phase transitions from optically inactive to optically active (gyrotropic) phases are analysed for nonmagnetic materials. The following basic results of group theoretical analysis are gathered for those equitranslational gyrotropic phase transitions which are associated with a single REP (irreducible or physically irreducible representations): e.g. the macroscopic transition parameter, the spontaneous components of the gyration tensor, the polarisation and deformation tensors newly onsetting at the transition, the indices of faintness, faint interactions, and switching forces. A simple characterisation of the domain structure of the ferroic phase is given in terms of these tensors.
Equation of state of weakly nonideal plasmas and electroneutrality condition

Derivation of weakly nonideal hydrogen plasma EOS and detailed results on partial contributions to plasma pressure for the Sun's interior are presented. The impetus for this work was the demand for high accuracy of the EOS of the solar plasma in relation to the problems of modern helioseismology, accuracy sufficient for reproducing the velocity of sound on the Sun from optical measurements with errors not exceeding 10−4. In our computations the relativistic corrections, degeneracy of electrons, radiation pressure in plasma, the Coulomb interaction in the Debye–Hückel approximation together with diffraction and exchange corrections and the contribution of bound and scattering states are taken into account. The analysis of the electrical neutrality condition in terms of activities and concentrations is presented. It is shown how to modify the relation between activities and concentrations for removing divergences of the Hartree contribution, representing the first order correction due to the Coulomb interaction in plasma. For the conditions of the Sun trajectory it is shown that the widely used practice of ignoring the neutrality condition in terms of activities, taking the Hartree contribution into account, gives a maximal error for plasma pressure of the order of 10−5.
Probing the Eclipse Region of a Binary Millisecond Pulsar

We report the discovery of a new eclipsing millisecond binary pulsar system, PSR J2051-0827. The pulsar has a period of 4.5 ms and is in a very compact circular orbit with a companion of mass ~0.03 M☉. Observations at low frequencies show that the eclipse duration is approximately 10% of the orbital period. However, at high radio frequencies, pulses are often detected throughout the eclipse region, revealing interesting time-variable density structure in the eclipsing plasma.
Controlled Markov set-chains with discounting

In the framework of discounted Markov decision processes, we consider the case that the transition probability varies in some given domain at each time and its variation is unknown or unobservable. To this end we introduce a new model, named controlled Markov set-chains, based on Markov set-chains, and discuss its optimization under some partial order. Also, a numerical example is given to explain the theoretical results and the computation.
The 1996 Superoutburst of the New SU UMa–Type Dwarf Nova HS Virginis

We report long‐term and time‐resolved photometric observations of the dwarf nova HS Vir (=PG 1341−079). Time‐resolved photometry during the bright outburst in 1996 March revealed superhumps with a period of 0.08059 ± 0.00003 days, which first firmly confirmed HS Vir as a genuine member of SU UMa–type dwarf novae. HS Vir is rather unusual in the smallness (2.7–3.5 mag for brightest superoutbursts) of outburst amplitudes. The marked diversity inferred from the comparison with SX LMi may reflect different mechanisms responsible for the smallness of outburst amplitudes in these dwarf novae.
The Human Pre-miRNA Distance Distribution for Exploring Disease Association

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), playing an important role in cell differentiation, development, gene regulation, and apoptosis, have attracted much attention in recent years. miRNAs were shown to be involved in the mechanisms of various diseases, and certainly, they can be employed as useful disease biomarkers. The phylogenetic tree analysis of miRNA biomarkers is a useful tool to investigate the association between various diseases as well as the association between viruses and disease. In addition to the phylogenetic tree analysis, a more advanced study is to use the miRNA distance distribution to evaluate the similarity of the miRNA biomarkers. The mature miRNA distance distribution based on mature miRNA sequences has been derived. The averages of the pairwise distances of miRNA biomarkers for several associated diseases were shown to be smaller than the overall mean of all miRNAs, which indicates the high similarity of miRNA biomarkers for associated diseases. In addition to the mature miRNA, the precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) may be more useful to explore the similarity of miRNAs because the mature miRNA duplex is released from the pre-miRNA. Therefore, in this study, the distance distributions based on human pre-miRNA stem–loop sequences were derived. The 1917 human miRNA stem-loop sequences in the miRBase dataset were used to derive the pre-miRNA distance distribution, and this is the first study to provide the distance distribution based on the human pre-miRNAs. The similarity of miRNA biomarkers for several associated diseases or vaccines was examined using the derived distribution, and the results show that the similarity of pre-miRNA biomarkers may be a feasible way to help explore the disease association.
Estimation of micro-motion parameters based on micro-Doppler

Micro-Doppler has played an important role in describing the micro-motion of a radar target. After analysing the characteristics of micro-Doppler induced by typical micro-motions, a technique based on time-frequency transform and Hough transform is introduced, to extract the modes and estimate the parameters of multiple frequency modulation components in micro-Doppler simultaneously, which can describe the properties of radial micro-motion. Experiments show the performance of estimation algorithm with simulating radar data.
Optimal Design and Analysis of Cavitating Law for Well-Cellar Cavitating Mechanism Based on MBD-DEM Bidirectional Coupling Model

A variable velocity parallel four-bar cavitating mechanism for well-cellar can form the well-cellar cavitation which suits for well-cellar transplanting under a continuous operation. In order to improve the cavitating quality, this paper analyzed the structural composition and working principle of the cavitating mechanism and established the bidirectional coupling model of multi-body dynamics and the discrete element between the cavitating mechanism and soil through Recurdyn and EDEM software. Based on the model, a three-factor, five-level quadratic orthogonal rotational combination design test was conducted with the parameters of the cavitating mechanism as the experimental factors and the parameters of the cavitation as the response index to obtain the optimal parameter combination, and a virtual simulation test was conducted for the optimal parameter combination in order to study the cavitating law of the cavitating mechanism and soil. The test results showed that the depth of the cavitation was 188.6 mm, the vertical angle of the cavitation was 90.4°, the maximum diameter of the cavitation was 76.1 mm, the minimum diameter of the cavitation was 68.5 mm, and the variance in the diameters for the cavitation was 5.42 mm2. The cavitating mechanism with optimal parameters based on the Recurdyn–EDEM bidirectional coupling mode could further improve the cavitating quality.
Field, capital, and habitus: The impact of Pierre Bourdieu on bibliometrics

Abstract This study is a critical review aimed at assessing the reception received in bibliometric research by the theories and concepts developed by the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. The data set consists of 182 documents, including original articles, editorial material, review articles, conference papers, monographs, and doctoral dissertations. A quantitative analysis was used to establish the authors and countries that most frequently make use of Bourdieu’s theories, as well as the most popular concepts, which were identified as “field,” followed by “symbolic capital” and “social capital. ” Then, the article discusses the impact of Bourdieusian key concepts such as “field. ” Among the findings, the following are noteworthy: the integration of his field theory into pre-existing bibliometric conceptualizations of research fields, especially when power relations are problematized; the use of “symbolic capital” in connection with citation analysis and altmetrics; and greater interest in Bourdieu’s theories compared to his methods, although some sources have used Bourdieu’s preferred statistical method, correspondence analysis. Moreover, Bourdieu’s theoretical impact is noticeable in research on journals, university rankings, early career researchers, and gender. The paper’s conclusions point to future research paths based on concepts less used in the bibliometric literature, such as “delegation. ”