Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The structure of a nearshore ﬁsh assemblage at an oceanic island: insight from small scale ﬁsheries through bottom traps at Gran Canary Island (Canary Islands, eastern Atlantic)

– Unsuitable management of ﬁsheries may lead to overexploitation of marine resources. Oceanic islands with narrow continental shelves, in particular, are sensitive to unsustainable levels of ﬁshing intensity. Fish traps are the modality of artisanal professional ﬁshing more important in the coastal waters of the Canary Islands (eastern Atlantic) to capture demersal resources, which are deployed all year-round and allow a release of undersized captures. We aimed at studying the structure of nearshore ﬁsh assemblages through deployment of benthic bottom traps carried out at Gran Canary Island. A quantitative description of catches, in terms of abundance, biomass and sizes, of traps deployed from May to October 2009, between ca . 20 to 50 m depth, was carried out. We used this information to test whether the structure of nearshore ﬁsh assemblages at the island scale varied between three zones located at the NW, NE and E of the island with varying habitat structure. A total of 58 species (22 families) were collected for the overall study from a total of 2568 deployed traps. The species Sparisoma cretense (25% of the total biomass), the family Sparidae (16 species, 44%) and Mullus surmuletus (4%) accounted for more than 73% of the total catch in terms of biomass. The parrotﬁsh, S. cretense , was the ﬁsh with the largest catches in terms of number of individuals, followed by Dentex gibbosus , Diplodus vulgaris , Stephanolepis hispidus , Chromis limbata and Mullus surmuletus . Di ﬀ erences in the structure of the ﬁsh assemblage at the island scale were not predicted by di ﬀ erences in the type of bottom. Fishing yields were similar between the NW (0 . 16 ± 0 . 02 kg trap − 1 day − 1 ) and NE side of the island (0 . 19 ± 0 . 01 kg trap − 1 day − 1 ), being lower at the E zone (0 . 15 ± 0 . 01 kg trap − 1 day − 1 ). The most abundant species, the parrotﬁsh S. cretense , had a mean size close to its ﬁrst maturity sizes (SFM 50 ), while both D. gibbosus and D. vulgaris were below SFM 50 . In general, the mean size of Sparids was well below SFM 50 , an indication of overexploitation, while M. surmuletus and S. hispidus reached a mean size beyond their ﬁrst maturity sizes.
Climate Change Simulation Guiding Policy or Policy Driven

There are many diculties associated with modelling and simulation in general, and simulation of climate change in particular, causing heated debates world wide. The impact of even a small global change may be drastic, varied and could potentially aect everything on the planet. Environmental policy is a controversial issue, and often pits politicians and scientists against one another. The global nature of climate change, the delay between cause and eect of human influence on such a huge scale system, and the potentially disastrous consequences of climate change are why this area of simulation is one of the most often discussed in scientific, social and political contexts. This paper covers some of the problems associated with climate change modelling and simulation, and discusses some of the implications of basing policy decisions on results of such simulations.
The Effects of Occupational Identification and Over Workloads of Medical Secretaries on Their Turnover Intentıon During the Covıd-19 Pandemic Process

The study investigates the effects of the occupational identification levels and over workload variables on the turnover intention of medical secretaries working on the front lines of the health sector during the pandemic. The research utilized quantitative data collection and was built on the relational model. The universe of the research consists of medical secretaries who worked in the province of Istanbul during the pandemic; the study sample consists of 220 medical secretaries who worked actively during the pandemic. The dependent variable of the research is turnover intention, and the independent variables are occupational identification and workload. The data obtained were interpreted through normality distribution, validity and reliability, frequency (number, percentage, etc.) and regression analysis on the SPSS 26.0 program. 57.3% of 220 medical secretaries who
Market competency: the role of the customer in evaluating strategic competitiveness

The concept of Market Competency is explained as a market related intermediary that qualifies core or internal competencies before competencies can be compared with other firms in evaluating competitive advantage. Market competencies are those core or internal competencies that are customer and hence market relevant. Identification of Market competencies provides a common metric for comparing firm activities from which competitive advantage may emerge .
International workshop on Safe navigation in open and dynamic environments Application to autonomous vehicles

The aim of this work is to demonstrate that it is possible to use a single camera to solve the problem of Simultaneous Localization And Mapping in dynamic environments obtaining, at the same time, the estimation of the moving obj ects trajectories. Specifically, we show that it is possible to se gment the features belonging to independently moving objects fro m a moving camera using a MonoSLAM algorithm together with a Bearing-Only Tracker. The idea is to exchange between two parallel working systems, i.e. the SLAM filter and the bearingonly tracker, information about the pose of the camera and the motion of the feature to improve the robustness of the SLAM algorithm and maintain a consistent estimation of both the pose, the map, and the features trajectories. Experimen ts in simulated and real environments substantiate that the proposed technique is able to maintain consistent estimations in a fa st and robust way suitable for a real-time application, even in situations where classical MonoSLAM algorithms are deemed to fail.
Does survey respondents’ immigrant background affect the measurement and prediction of immigration attitudes? An illustration in two steps

: While most survey research on immigration attitudes routinely excludes respondents with an immigrant background, empirical justifications for doing so are rarely provided. Yet it is crucial to examine whether respondents with an immigrant background can be included in the analysis, as excluding them with no further consideration would ignore the opinion of a considerable share of multicultural societies. With multigroup analyses on Swiss data we illustrated how to evaluate whether both the measurement and the prediction of immigration attitudes are invariant across natives and individuals with an immigrant background. The slight revealed differences did not justify the exclusion of respondents with an immigrant background. The paper concludes by discussing ways of addressing these differences in measurement and prediction. Does survey respondents’ immigrant background affect the measurement and prediction of immigration attitudes? An illustration in two steps. Abstract While most survey research on immigration attitudes routinely excludes respondents with an immigrant background, empirical justifications for doing so are rarely provided. Yet it is crucial to examine whether respondents with an immigrant background can be included in the analysis, as excluding them with no further consideration would ignore the opinion of a considerable share of multicultural societies. With multigroup analyses on Swiss data we illustrated how to evaluate whether both the measurement and the prediction of immigration attitudes are invariant across natives and individuals with an immigrant background. The slight revealed differences did not justify the exclusion of respondents with an immigrant background. The paper concludes by discussing ways of addressing these differences in measurement and prediction.
2016). A Bayesian approach to estimate changes in condom use from limited human immunodeficiency virus prevalence data.

Summary. Evaluationoflarge-scaleinterventionprogrammesagainsthumanimmunodeﬁciency virus (HIV) is becoming increasingly important, but impact estimates frequently hinge on knowledge of changes in behaviour such as the frequency of condom use over time, or other self-reported behaviour changes, for which we generally have limited or potentially biased data. We employ a Bayesian inference methodology that incorporates an HIV transmission dynamics model to estimate condom use time trends from HIV prevalence data.Estimation is implemented via particle Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, applied for the ﬁrst time in this context. The preliminary choice of the formulation for the time varying parameter reﬂecting the proportion of condom use is critical in the context studied, because of the very limited amount of condom use and HIV data available. We consider various novel formulations to explore the trajectory of condom use over time, based on diffusion-driven trajectories and smooth sigmoid curves. Numerical simulations indicate that informative results can be obtained regarding the amplitude of the increase in condom use during an intervention, with good levels of sensitivity and speci-ﬁcity performance in effectively detecting changes. The application of this method to a real life problem demonstrates how it can help in evaluating HIV interventions based on a small number of prevalence estimates, and it opens the way to similar applications in different contexts.
Hybrid Hidden Markov Models and Artiﬁcial Neural Networks for Handwritten Music Recognition in Mensural Notation

In this paper we present a hybrid approach using Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and Artiﬁcial Neural Networks to deal with the task of Handwritten Music Recognition in Mensural notation. Previous works have shown that the task can be addressed with Gaussian density HMMs that can be trained and used in an end-to-end manner; that is, without prior segmentation of the symbols. However, the results achieved using that approach are not suﬃciently accurate to be useful in practice. In this work we hybridize HMMs with deep Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP), which lead to remarkable improvements in optical symbol modeling. Moreover, this hybrid architecture maintains important advantages of HMMs such as the ability of properly modeling variable-length symbol sequences through seg-mentation-free training, and the simplicity and robustness of combining optical models with N -gram language models, which provide statistical a priori information about regularities in musical symbol concatenation observed in the training data. The results obtained with the proposed hybrid MLP-HMM approach outperform previous works by a wide margin, achieving symbol-level error rates around 26%, as compared with about 40% reported in previous works.
The role of stereotactic neurosurgery as a symptomatic treatment for autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review

Although stereotactic neurosurgery has been applied in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), its safety and e�cacy remain elusive due to the limited sample size. We aimed to investigate the safety and e�cacy of stereotactic neurosurgery for ASD by systematically reviewing the literature through the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. A total of 11 studies with 36 patients were included. 16 patients (44.44%) received deep brain stimulation (DBS), 10 patients (27.78%) underwent radiofrequency ablation (RA), and 10 patients (27.78%) underwent gamma knife radiosurgery and RA. The therapeutic targets of 11 patients (42.31%) were the amygdala, and the surgical indication of 10 patients was aggression; the ventral anterior limb of the internal capsule or medial forebrain bundle was regarded as the target for 6 patients (23.08%), and the surgical indication was OCD. The mean Yale-Brown-Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) score of 19 patients was 31.37 at baseline. After a median follow-up time of 48 months, the mean Y-BOCS score decreased to 18.32, and the mean improvement rate was 42.74%. After a median follow-up duration of 48 months (range: 2-120), the mean Overt Aggression Scale score of 15 patients was reduced from 11.20 to 4.40, and the mean improvement rate was 59.59%. There were a total of 8 patients whose cardinal symptoms bene�ted from the surgery. Seven patients (19.44%) suffered adverse events after stereotactic neurosurgery. Stereotactic neurosurgery is an effective and safe therapy to alleviate the symptoms of aggressive behaviors and OCD in ASD patients. DBS has the potential to improve the social contact di�culty and communication disorders of ASD.
Disease Premanifest and Manifest Huntington Magnetization Transfer Imaging in

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MTI has the potential to detect abnormalities in normal-appearing white and gray matter on conventional MR imaging. Early detection methods and disease progression markers are needed in HD research. Therefore, we investigated MTI parameters and their clinical correlates in premanifest and manifest HD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From the Leiden TRACK-HD study, 78 participants (28 controls, 25 PMGC, 25 MHD) were included. Brain segmentation of cortical gray matter, white matter, caudate nucleus, putamen, pallidum, thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus was performed using FSL’s automated tools FAST and FIRST. Individual MTR values were calculated from these regions and MTR histograms constructed. Regression analysis of MTR measures from all gene carriers with clinical measures was performed. RESULTS: MTR peak height was reduced in both cortical gray ( P (cid:1) . 01) and white matter ( P (cid:1) . 006) in manifest HD compared with controls. Mean MTR was also reduced in cortical gray matter ( P (cid:1) . 01) and showed a trend in white matter ( P (cid:1) . 052). Deep gray matter structures showed a uniform pattern of reduced MTR values ( P (cid:2) . 05). No differences between premanifest gene carriers and controls were found. MTR values correlated with disease burden and motor and cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Throughout the brain, disturbances in MTI parameters are apparent in early HD and are homogeneous across white and gray matter. The correlation of MTI with clinical measures indicates the potential to act as a disease monitor in clinical trials. However, our study does not provide evidence for MTI as a marker in premanifest HD. ABBREVIATIONS:
are associated with increased cortical thinning: a longitudinal study of bipolar

Objectives: Previous studies found evidence for thinner frontotemporal cortices in bipolar disorder (BD), yet whether this represents a stable disease trait or an effect of mood episodes remains unknown. Here we assessed the reproducibility of thinner frontotemporal cortices in BD type II, compared longitudinal changes in cortical thickness between individuals with BD type II and healthy controls (HCs), and examined the effect of mood episodes on cortical thickness change. Methods: Thirty-three HCs and 29 individuals with BD type II underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging at baseline, as published previously, and 2.4 years later, at follow-up. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of cortical thickness were performed using Freesurfer, and relationships with mood episodes from baseline to follow-up were assessed. Results: Individuals with BD type II had thinner left and right prefrontal and left temporal cortex clusters at follow-up (all corrected P <.001), consistent with baseline results. Both groups showed widespread longitudinal cortical thinning, and patients had increased thinning in a left temporal cortex cluster compared to HCs (corrected P <.001). Patients with more (>2) depressive episodes between baseline and follow-up had greater left temporal cortical thinning than patients with fewer depressive episodes (corrected P <.05). In addition, patients with more depressive episodes had greater thinning in bilateral ventromedial prefrontal clusters relative to HCs (uncorrected P <.05), yet these results did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusions: Together, these findings support reduced frontotemporal cortical thickness in BD type II and provide the first preliminary evidence for an association between depressive episodes and increased cortical thinning.
Evidential calibration of binary SVM classiers

AbstractIn machine learning problems, the availability of several classi ers trainedon di erent data or features makes the combination of pattern classi ers ofgreat interest. To combine distinct sources of information, it is necessary torepresent the outputs of classi ers in a common space via a transformationcalled calibration. The most classical way is to use class membership prob-abilities. However, using a single probability measure may be insucientto model the uncertainty induced by the calibration step, especially in thecase of few training data. In this paper, we extend classical probabilisticcalibration methods to the evidential framework. Experimental results fromthe calibration of SVM classi ers show the interest of using belief functionsin classi cation problems.Keywords: Classi er calibration, theory of belief functions,Dempster-Shafer theory, evidence theory, support vector machine1. IntroductionThe combination of pattern classi ers is an important issue in machinelearning [25]. In many applications, the availability of several sources ofinformation, coming from di erent sensors, training data, models or humanexperts, makes the use of combination techniques very attractive. Indeed,an ensemble of diverse classi ers often gives better results than do any ofsingle one.The combination strategies can generally be separated into two kinds:trainable and non-trainable combiners [18,34]. In the rst case, the outputs
Contemporary understanding of human – built environment relations

In the paper we systematically review the impact that research of environmental stress, namely, poor housing and poor neighbourhood quality had on contemporary understanding of human – built environment relations. It is shown that substandard quality of the house, high noise, lack of natural light in the house, poorer physical quality of urban neighborhoods, living in a low-income neighborhood etc. are linked to elevated physiological and psychological stress. We believed that built environment relations are closely connected with the attitude to waste in the neighborhood. We focus on re-design our society so that all superfluous waste is eliminated and everything that is produced can be re-used, repaired, composted or recycled back into the system. In a growing number of regions, local groups of individuals, businesses and city officials are taking significant steps towards eliminating waste in our society. We confirmed the hypotheses that there is a strong sustainable interaction between psychological processes underlying human behaviour and built environment, and that during the sustainable build environment factors, the waste management expressed that interactions nightly. We believe that the positive effects of research could be reached only with sustainable interactions between psychological processes underlying human behaviour and built environment. We believe that the results could help the local governments to contribute to reducing climate change, protect health, create green jobs, and promote local sustainability and of course, to help to increase the interests of potential buyers’ expectations for buying decisions.
Optimizing the E�ciency and Implementation of Cash Transfers to Improve Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy: Study Protocol for A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV, taken daily, is an effective strategy to clinically suppress the virus, providing the dual bene�t of improved survival and vastly decreasing the risk of transmission. However, this highly effective intervention has not yet reached all who could bene�t. Cash transfers are increasingly recognized as an effective strategy to motivate behavior change and improve HIV care and treatment outcomes, including engagement in HIV care and adherence to ART. Despite a growing evidence base and strong theoretical foundation for the cash transfer approach, key questions remain. To address these questions and begin to bridge the “know-do gap” with respect to cash transfers, our team is employing an implementation science approach to iterative development of an incentive-based intervention to promote ART uptake and adherence among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the Lake Zone Region, Tanzania. Methods: We will conduct a type I hybrid implementation – effectiveness trial to test the effectiveness of a cash transfer intervention on the outcome of HIV viral suppression, and concurrently examine the potential for real-world implementation with an mobile health technology (mHealth) system. Speci�cally, our team will expand the intervention to 32 clinics and enroll 1,984 PLHIV to (a) evaluate its effectiveness by conducting a cluster randomized controlled trial with clinics as the unit of randomization and 12-month viral suppression as the primary outcome; and (b) evaluate the implementation challenges and successes at multiple levels (patient, provider, clinic). Discussion: This trial will provide evidence about not only the real-world effectiveness of cash transfers for retention in HIV care and viral suppression, but also on the implementation challenges and successes that will facilitate or hinder wider scale-up within Tanzania and beyond.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Social inclusion in the knowledge economy

As skill formation systems are increasingly under pressure from de-industrialization and the rise of knowledge economies, their ability to include the low-skilled has been strained. But what determines how skill formation systems adjust to this challenge? By explaining the divergence of two most-similar systems, those of Austria and Germany, the article highlights the key role of trade unions and of the institutional resources and legacies available to them. Where institutional resources are high and legacies positive, as in Austria, unions were crucial in setting an inclusive pathway of reform of the training system. Where, on the contrary, institutional resources are low and legacies negative, as in Germany, unions’ strategies for inclusion failed, paving the way to a dualizing outcome. The article therefore provides a novel analysis of institutional change in skill formation systems, while also offering broader insights on the relationship between coordinated and egalitarian capitalism in post-industrial knowledge-based economies.
Application of the extended value-based adoption model to understand consumers’ participation in automobile recalls for environmental defects

Carrying out automobile recalls for environmental defects (ARED) is a practical move to implement policies of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality, and can also improve air quality. The smooth completion of ARED is premised on the active participation of consumers. This study aims to investigate the determinants of consumers’ intention to participate in ARED. This study adopts the value-based adoption model (VAM) as the basic model and extends it by adding the constructs of consumer knowledge and personal norms. Structural equation modeling is used to analyze the survey data (N = 571). The results show that consumers’ perceived value of participating in ARED, consumer knowledge of ARED, and personal norms positively affect their participation intention. Perceived value is affected by perceived environmental bene�ts, perceived personal costs, and consumer knowledge. Personal norms are explained by perceived environmental bene�ts. This study enriches the understanding of consumers’ perceptions and participation intention toward ARED and provides several practical implications to relevant regulatory agencies and �rms.