Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecule survival in magnetized protostellar disk winds - I. Chemical model and first results

Context. Molecular counterparts to atomic jets have recently been detected within 1000 AU of young stars at early evolutionary stages. Reproducing these counterparts is an important new challenge for proposed ejection models. Aims: We explore whether molecules may survive in the magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) disk wind solution currently invoked to reproduce the kinematics and tentative rotation signatures of atomic jets in T Tauri stars. Methods: The coupled ionization, chemical, and thermal evolution along dusty flow streamlines is computed for the prescribed MHD disk wind solution, using a method developed for magnetized shocks in the interstellar medium. Irradiation by (wind-attenuated) coronal X-rays and far-ultraviolet photons from accretion hot spots is included, with an approximate self-shielding of H2 and CO. Disk accretion rates of 5 × 10-6, 10-6 and 10-7 Ms yr-1 are considered, representative of low-mass young protostars (so-called "Class 0"), evolved protostars ("Class I") and very active T Tauri stars ("Class II") respectively. Results: The disk wind has an "onion-like" thermo-chemical structure, with streamlines launched from larger radii having lower temperature and ionization, and higher H2 abundance. The coupling between charged and neutral fluids is sufficient to eject molecules from the disk out to at least 9 AU. The launch radius beyond which most H2 survives moves outward with evolutionary stage, from ≃0.2 AU (sublimation radius) in the Class 0 disk wind, to ≃1 AU in the Class I, and >1 AU in the Class II. In this molecular wind region, CO survives in the Class 0 but is significantly photodissociated in the Class I/II. Balance between ambipolar heating and molecular cooling establishes a moderate asymptotic temperature ≃700-3000 K, with cooler jets at earlier protostellar stages. As a result, endothermic formation of H2O is efficient, with abundances up to ≃10-4, while CH+ and SH+ can reach ≥ 10-6 in the hotter and more ionised Class I/II winds. Conclusions: A centrifugal MHD disk wind launched from beyond 0.2-1 AU can produce molecular jets/winds up to speeds ≃100 km s-1 in young low-mass stars ranging from Class 0 to active Class II. The model predicts a high abundance ratio of H2 to CO and an increase of molecular launch radius, temperature, and flow width as the source evolves, in promising agreement with current observed trends. Calculations of synthetic maps and line profiles in H2, CO and H2O will allow detailed tests of the model against observations.
Dark Pattern: A Serious Game for Learning About the Dangers of Sharing Data

Dark patterns refer to tricks built into websites and apps to manipulate users into acting unintentionally and detrimentally. An important issue is how such patterns might affect behaviour when actors are manoeuvred towards the sharing of their personal data, as exemplified in choices we face when downloading Apps or signing up for services provided on the internet. This paper presents our exploratory research into understanding the intention and subsequent actions of older teenagers responding to issues of personal data collection and (mis)use. The research is based on the competitive board-game Dark Pattern, in which players install apps, draw dark pattern cards, and make choices about the sharing of personal data. To win the game, a player must share as little data as possible and play cards that punish other players. We were interested to find out the extent to which the game was able to convey types of dark patterns to the players. Additionally, we wanted to explore how players’ perceptions of risks in data-sharing associated with their intention to protect their personal data. Finally, we were interested to explore potential gender difference, and whether this might be associated with intention to protect personal data. 56 of the students who played the game answered a subsequent survey with questions about their experiences and the data was analysed using Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Despite the findings showing that playing the game had only limited impact on knowledge about dark patterns matters, the analysis of the relationship with the factors in our model shows that knowledge has a significant contribution on behavioural intention, demonstrating that students with high dark pattern knowledge also report higher intention to take steps to protect their data.
EFL Pre-Service Teachers Storying Their Identities’ Construction as Novice Researchers 1

This study analyzes what life stories of a group of EFL pre-service teachers reveal about their identities‘ construction as novice researchers. They narrated their past actions and decisions, their current feelings and thoughts, and their future expectations regarding research and its relation to their role as future teachers. The instruments used were the participants‘ life stories and semi-structured interviews. The analysis showed the impact of narratives on language teaching education, and pre-service teachers‘ voices. The three emerging categories were placed in time, as a lifeline framed by past, present, and future experiences or ―contextual spaces‖ (Barkhuizen, 2008). These categories were registered at the level of story where the participant has the opportunity to act and to be an active agent in his closer context being able to build and rebuild his identity.
Adaptive model reduction for continuous systems via recursive rational interpolation

A method for adaptive identification of reduced-order models for continuous stable SISO and MIMO plants is presented. The method recursively finds a model whose transfer function (matrix) matches that of the plant on a set of frequencies chosen by the designer. The algorithm utilizes the Moving Discrete Fourier Transform (MDFT) to continuously monitor the frequency-domain profile of the system input and output signals. The MDFT is an efficient method of monitoring discrete points in the frequency domain of an evolving function of time. The model parameters are estimated from MDFT data using standard recursive parameter estimation techniques. The algorithm has been shown in simulations to be quite robust to additive noise in the inputs and outputs. A significant advantage of the method is that it enables a type of on-line model validation. This is accomplished by simultaneously identifying a number of models and comparing each with the plant in the frequency domain. Simulations of the method applied to an 8th-order SISO plant and a 10-state 2-input 2-output plant are presented. An example of on-line model validation applied to the SISO plant is also presented.
PLASMA HEATING IN A POST ERUPTION CURRENT SHEET: A CASE STUDY BASED ON ULTRAVIOLET, SOFT, AND HARD X-RAY DATA

Off-limb observations of the solar corona after coronal mass ejections (CMEs) often show strong, compact, and persistent UV sources behind the eruption. They are primarily observed by the SOHO/UVCS instrument in the “hot” [Fe xviii] λ974 line and are usually interpreted as a signature of plasma heating due to magnetic reconnection in the post-CME current sheet (CS). Nevertheless, the physical process itself and the altitude of the main energy release are currently not fully understood. In this work, we study the evolution of plasma heating after the CME of 2004 July 28 by comparing UV spectra acquired by UVCS with soft and hard X-ray (SXR, HXR) images of the post-flare loops taken by GOES/SXI and RHESSI. The X-ray data show a long-lasting extended source that is rising upward, toward the high-temperature source detected by UVCS. UVCS data show the presence of significant non-thermal broadening in the CS (a signature of turbulent motions) and a strong density gradient across the CS region. The thermal energy released in the HXR source is on the order of ∼1032 erg, a factor ∼2–5 larger than the energy required to explain the high-temperature plasma sampled by UVCS. Nevertheless, the very different time evolutions of SXR and HXR sources compared with the UV emission suggest that reconnection occurring above the post-eruption arcades is not directly responsible for the high-temperature plasma sampled higher up by UVCS. We conclude that an additional plasma heating mechanism (such as turbulent reconnection) in the CS is likely required.
The impact of financial performance on the profitability of advertising agencies in the Slovak Republic

Background: To improve operational and financial policies regarding the allocation of existing and obtaining new resources, strategic decision-making, managers use indicators of financial performance. Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of financial performance on the profitability of advertising agencies in Slovakia. Study design/methodology/approach: A sample of 88 Slovak advertising agencies was analyzed by means of regression modeling the data based on financial statements of the financial year 2020. The hypothesis that the indicators of financial performance of advertising agencies in Slovakia have an impact on their profitability is partly confirmed by the results of this research. The first proposed model was adjusted by excluding the independent variable Current Ratio, which allowed us to build the second model to explain 95.21% of the Return on Assets deviation due to the variation of the selected independent variables. Findings/conclusions: By selecting Return on Assets as a dependent variable that characterizes the financial performance of advertising agencies, research has shown that Total Assets Turnover and Firm Size have significant positive influence on it, but Debt to Equity Ratio has a negative influence. This empirically testifies the expediency of financing the activities of advertising agencies from debt resources, scaling the scope of their activities and increasing sales using innovative approaches for getting more customers. Limitations/future research: The study limitations relate to completeness of information and availability of open access to the necessary data in the published financial statements of Slovak advertising agencies. The results of this research could be applicable and beneficial for providers of capital for advertising agencies. It could be also used as a tool to determine key factors of profitability and to adjust companies' financial and operational policies.
Dynamic Noncontiguous Location-Aware Spectrum Aggregation for UAV-to-UAV Communications

Limited spectrum access and complex resource allocation have impeded the cost-effective and robust deployment of large groups of noncellular unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for new use cases in extreme conditions under dynamic spectrum management requirements. This letter introduces a novel design for UAV-to-UAV communications that relies on joint noncontiguous spectrum aggregation and allocation of sub-6 GHz and millimeter wave (mmWave) bands. To achieve bandwidth efficiency and reduced complexity, the proposed location-aware waveform design utilizes target sensing/positioning information in the aggregation as well as spectrum fragment allocation for UAV-based joint sensing and communications. The proposed method, which relies on the prediction of the position and direction of motion of the network UAVs, utilizes a delay-tolerant observer-based estimator–predictor in the presence of uncertainties. The performance of the proposed location-aware spectrum aggregation is validated using numerical simulations.
An Active Power Decoupling-Integrated Reduced-Switch Current-Fed Switched Inverter

In recent literature, high-gain dc–ac inverters are employed in grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. These inverters can have several features, such as shoot-through immunization and buck/boost capabilities achieving a wide range of operations with reliability and minimum distortion. One such example is the single-phase reduced-switch current-fed switched inverter (RSCFSI). This article proposes the enhanced boost control-based pulsewidth modulation (EBC-PWM) strategy for RSCFSI to improve the inverter’s dc–ac gain. Being a single-phase inverter, RSCFSI suffers from the double-line frequency ripple problem. However, a low-frequency (LF) ripple analysis reveals that the RSCFSI is also plagued with fundamental frequency ripple, which poses additional challenges for the active power decoupling (APD) integration and corresponding closed-loop controllers. Although both LF ripples can be alleviated using markedly large passive elements, the power density and reliability of the inverter worsen. In this article, an APD-integrated RSCFSI (APDRSCFSI) is introduced as a solution that deflects the aforementioned LF ripple energy to an auxiliary capacitor without adding more active switches. As a result, the inverter can employ smaller passive elements. In addition, the EBC-PWM strategy is also extended for APDRSCFSI, improving its dc–ac voltage gain and voltage stress. A closed-loop control technique that combines output voltage control and APD functionality is also illustrated. A hardware prototype is used to corroborate the advantages of APDRSCFSI.
MICROPROPAGATION OF ONION (ALLIUM CEPA L.) THROUGH BULBLET FORMATION

Multiple shoot clumps or microclones were collected from two onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties for bulblet formation. MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of BAP, Kn, 2ip and NAA were used. The height responded shoot was observed 90% and 80% in Taherpuri and Indian variety, respectively on MS supplemented with 2.0 mg l-1 BAP+0.5 mg l-1 NAA. The best bulblet formation was obtained in MS containing 1.0 mg l-1 2ip. Finally, the rooted bulblets were hardened and established in soil under natural environment.
Solitary waves and yrast states in Bose-Einstein condensed gases of atoms

Considering a Bose-Einstein condensed gas confined in one dimension with periodic boundary conditions, we demonstrate that, very generally, solitary-wave and rotational excitations coincide. This exact equivalence allows us to establish connections within a number of effects that are present in these two problems, many of which have been studied in the mean-field approximation and in the Tonks-Girardeau limit of hard-core bosons.
CONVECTIVE PROPERTIES OF ROTATING TWO-DIMENSIONAL CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVA PROGENITORS

We explore the effects of rotation on convective carbon, oxygen, and silicon shell burning during the late stages of evolution in a 20 M⊙ star. Using the Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics we construct one-dimensional (1D) stellar models both with no rotation and with an initial rigid rotation of 50% of critical. At different points during the evolution, we map the 1D models into 2D and follow the multidimensional evolution using the FLASH compressible hydrodynamics code for many convective turnover times until a quasi-steady state is reached. We characterize the strength and scale of convective motions via decomposition of the momentum density into vector spherical harmonics. We find that rotation influences the total power in solenoidal modes, with a slightly larger impact for carbon and oxygen shell burning than for silicon shell burning. Including rotation in 1D stellar evolution models alters the structure of the star in a manner that has a significant impact on the character of multidimensional convection. Adding modest amounts of rotation to a stellar model that ignores rotation during the evolutionary stage, however, has little impact on the character of the resulting convection. Since the spatial scale and strength of convection present at the point of core collapse directly influence the supernova mechanism, our results suggest that rotation could play an important role in setting the stage for massive stellar explosions.
Antibacterial and Anticancer Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesised using Eragrostis tef and Vitellaria paradoxa Seeds Extract

The present study aims to investigate the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of the Eragrostis tef (teff or annual bunch grass) and Vitellaria paradoxa (Shea Butter Tree) seeds extract and investigate their antimicrobial and anticancer activities. In order to synthesise the silver nanoparticles, aqueous extract of the plant was prepared and introduced into a 1mM silver nitrate solution. The synthesised AgNPs were characterised using various instrumental techniques including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM). Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) for AgNPs using E. tef and V. paradoxa seeds extract was observed at 40 nm. The synthesised AgNPs of E. tef and V. paradoxa was found with diameter of 12.59- 34.60 nm, 29.05- 83.94 nm respectively. The antibacterial result against the experimental pathogens was found to range from 12-22 mm and from 13-19 mm using AgNPs of E. tef, V. paradoxa seed extracts respectively. In addition the result show that there was clear effect on Acinetobacter baumannii from hospital sewage isolates. Toxic effect of AgNPs against cancer cell were 77.12 (concentration of AgNPs was 75%) of E. tef and 77.23 (concentration of AgNPs was 50%) of V. paradoxa.
AUTOMATIC DETECTION AND DIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENT OF MINOR CONCRETE CRACKS WITH CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK

Abstract. The increasing number of aging infrastructures has drawn attention among the industry as the results caused by critical infrastructure failure could be destructive. It is essential to monitor the infrastructure assets and provide timely maintenance. However, one of the crucial problems is that the budget allocated to the maintenance stage is much less than that for the designing and construction stages. The cost of labor, equipment, and vehicles are significant. Therefore, it is impossible to perform a thorough inspection by human inspectors over each asset. A more efficient method will be needed to solve this problem. This paper aims to provide an automatic approach to detecting and measuring the dimensions of minor cracks that appear on concrete structures with a noisy background. This research also investigates the relationship between image pixel size, accuracy, detection rate of cracks, and shooting distance of images. The proposed method will be able to reduce the cost and increase accuracy. A case study was performed on a concrete sewer with cracks distributed on the surface in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Protecting Against Adversity: The Role of Positive Childhood Experiences in Youth Recidivism

An abundance of research has established Adverse Childhood Experiences’ (ACEs’) contributions to deviant behavior. Recently, studies have demonstrated the importance of Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs). Yet, the PCE establishment as a predictive scale is needed. In a multistate, robust sample (N = 254,874) of justice-involved youth, we examined PCE scale effects and ACE-PCE combinations on recidivism using mixed effects logistic regression while adjusting for the impact of state. Presence of PCEs was associated with lower reoffending likelihood, and ACEs were related to increased recidivism odds. Further, PCEs demonstrated a protective impact on ACEs. A ceiling effect on the ACE-PCE composite score was also identified, where an increase in scale items presented a curvilinear recidivism association. Findings provide an examination of PCE influence across multiple youth populations and their ability to counteract ACE effects. Policy implications discuss the utility of PCEs as case management goals and intermediate outcomes.
IN SILICO AND IN VITRO STUDIES OF ACETAZOLAMIDE AS A GAMETOCIDAL AGENT

Malaria remains the leading cause of mortality around the world and is the most common disease in Africa and some countries in Asia with the highest number of indigenous cases with Plasmodium falciparum responsible for the majority of the disease burden. Plasmodium has a complex life cycle consisting of multiple stages in two hosts. During the erythrocytic life cycle, it follows one of two developmental fates: terminal sexual differentiation into gametocytes or asexual propagation. Transmission from an infected human host to a susceptible mosquito is done through highly specialized sexual stages gametocytes because they are the only form of malaria parasite that are transmissible to mosquito vector, hence the discovery of new antimalarials with transmission blocking activity remains a key issue in efforts to control malaria and eventually eradicate the disease. In this study the in silico and in vitro gametocidal properties of one of the Sulfonamide drugs Acetazolamide had been checked in order to find new antiplasmodial agent. In vitro cultivation of the RKL-9 (Chloroquine resistant) strain of P. falciparum was continued to develop sexual gametocytic early stages. The drug acetazolamide was screened for gametocidal assay in order to check its transmission blocking activity by targeting early sexual stages of the parasites. Three Plasmodium falciparum proteins Pfg27, Pfs230 and PUF1were selected for molecular docking with the acetazolamide as ligand. HEX 8.0. 0 server was used as docking tool and the results obtained were analysed in Discovery studio visualizer. Our findings of in vitro studies revealed that the selected drug acetazolamide possess promising gametocidal activity with IC50 = 4. 812µg/ml. Hence the study can be used further for drug formulations as antimalarials targeting Gametocytic stages. Based on the in silico analysis the good binding scores -196.76, -173.87 and -193.29 (Kcal/mol) were obtained for all three selected Plasmodium falciparum proteins Pfg27, Pfs230 and PUF1 with the ligand acetazolamide respectively. Thus the docking energy results of in silico studies also supported our in vitro results that the acetazolamide can be used as an antiplasmodial drug against the gametocytes. Further studies for the mechanism of action of the acetazolamide as a gametocidal agent can be done for preventing the transmission of malaria.
Resonant sequential scattering in two-frequency-pumping superradiance from a Bose-Einstein condensate

We study sequential scattering in superradiance from a Bose-Einstein condensate pumped by a two-frequency laser beam. We find that the distribution of atomic side modes presents highly different patterns for various frequency difference between the two pump components. A novel distribution is observed, with a frequency difference of eight times the recoil frequency. These observations reveal that the frequency overlap between the end-fire modes related to different side modes plays an essential role in the dynamics of sequential superradiant scattering. The numerical results from a semiclassical model qualitatively agree with our observations.