Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DESIGN OF A COMPACT TRI-BAND POWER DIVIDER WITH UNEQUAL OUTPUTS

In this paper, we present a new design of a compact tri-band unequal power divider, which is composed of a circular- coupling power divider and a triple-band resonator. The unequal power dividing characteristic is realized by two circular shaped microstrip lines coupled through a circular shaped slot. The triple-band resonator, which comprises a conventional half-wavelength resonator, a short stub and an open stub, deals with the triple-bandpass performance. The proposed tri-band power divider with 1:1.6 output power ratios working at 3.4GHz, 4.2GHz, and 5.25GHz is simulated and fabricated, and good agreements between the simulated and measured results are observed.
Effect of a Pediatric Practice-Based Smoking Prevention and Cessation Intervention for Adolescents: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this work was to determine whether a pediatric practice-based smoking prevention and cessation intervention increases abstinence rates among adolescents. METHODS. Eight pediatric primary care clinics were randomly assigned to either intervention or usual care control condition. The provider- and peer-delivered intervention tested was based on the 5A model recommended by the US Public Health Service clinical practice guidelines and the American Academy of Pediatrics and consisted of brief counseling by the pediatric provider followed by 1 visit and 4 telephone calls by older peer counselors aged 21 to 25 years. A consecutive sample of patients aged 13 to 17 years scheduled for an office visit was eligible regardless of smoking status. Of 2711 patients who agreed to participate, 2709 completed baseline assessments, and 2700 (99.6%) and 2690 (99.2%) completed 6- and 12-month assessments, respectively. RESULTS. Compared with the usual care condition, nonsmokers who received the provider- and peer-delivered intervention were significantly more likely to self-report having remained abstinent at 6-month and 12-month follow-up; smokers who received the provider- and peer-delivered intervention were more likely to report having quit at the 6-month but not the 12-month follow-up. A number of adolescent characteristics (eg, age, peer smoking, tobacco dependence, and susceptibility) were found to be predictive of abstinence at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS. A pediatric practice-based intervention delivered by pediatric providers and older peer counselors proved feasible and effective in discouraging the initiation of smoking among nonsmoking adolescents for 1 year and in increasing abstinence rates among smokers for 6 months.
Smart glasses with a peripheral vision display

This paper describes a design for smart glasses with a peripheral vision display. We show that users are able to perceive information from our device. We explore different animation patterns. The recognition rates for over 8 patterns are over 80 %. We also evaluate if users can recognize the patterns still while watching a video (for 5 patterns a recognition from the user of over 90 %), 7 users with in total over 637 patterns shown. In an first application case, we just focus on notification. Yet as related work shows, user interactions utilizing peripheral vision.
Intranuclear targeting of DNA replication factors

Mammalian nuclei are highly organized into functional compartments. Major nuclear processes like DNA replication and RNA processing take place in distinct foci. These microscopically visible foci are formed by the assembly of, for example, DNA replication factors and associated proteins into megadalton complexes often referred to as protein machines or factories. Thus far, two proteins, DNA ligase I and DNA methyltransferase (DNA MTase), have been analyzed in greater detail. In both cases, the assembly process appears to be controlled by distinct targeting sequences that were attached to the catalytic protein core in the course of evolution and mediate the association with replication factories in mammalian cells. The dynamics of these nuclear structures throughout the cell cycle are analyzed using green fluorescent protein (GFP). Further studies are needed to elucidate the architecture, regulation, and role of these subnuclear structures. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppls. 30/31:243–249, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computing the area versus delay trade-off curves in technology mapping

We examine the problem of mapping a Boolean network using gates from a finite size cell library. The objective is to minimize the total gate area subject to constraints on signal arrival time at the primary outputs. Our approach consists of two steps. In the first step, we compute delay functions (which capture gate area-arrival time tradeoffs) at all nodes in the network, and in the second step we generate the mapping solution based on the computed delay functions and the required times at the primary outputs. For a NAND-decomposed tree, subject to load calculation errors, this two-step approach finds the minimum area mapping satisfying a delay constraint if such solution exists. The algorithm has polynomial run time on a node-balanced tree and is easily extended to mapping a directed acyclic graph (DAG). We also show how to account for the wire delays during the delay function computation step. Our results compare favorably with those of MIS2.2 mapper.
A Minimal Fragment of MUC1 Mediates Growth of Cancer Cells

The MUC1 protein is aberrantly expressed on many solid tumor cancers. In contrast to its apical clustering on healthy epithelial cells, it is uniformly distributed over cancer cells. However, a mechanistic link between aberrant expression and cancer has remained elusive. Herein, we report that a membrane-bound MUC1 cleavage product, that we call MUC1*, is the predominant form of the protein on cultured cancer cells and on cancerous tissues. Further, we demonstrate that transfection of a minimal fragment of MUC1, MUC1*1110, containing a mere forty-five (45) amino acids of the extracellular domain, is sufficient to confer the oncogenic activities that were previously attributed to the full-length protein. By comparison of molecular weight and function, it appears that MUC1* and MUC1*1110 are approximately equivalent. Evidence is presented that strongly supports a mechanism whereby dimerization of the extracellular domain of MUC1* activates the MAP kinase signaling cascade and stimulates cell growth. These findings suggest methods to manipulate this growth mechanism for therapeutic interventions in cancer treatments.
Introduction to Innovations in Health Equity

The equitable provision of healthcare is central to achieving economic, social and human development in any society. It is important that as innovations, especially technological innovations in care delivery develop that we do not create unintended consequences that restrict access to care because of a digital divide. The concept of heath equity arises from the belief that differences in social and economic backgrounds of people lead to differences in their ability to access health care. This mini-track features papers that offer contributions to what we know about innovations in the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for Health Equity.
Interneurons targeting similar layers receive synaptic inputs with similar kinetics

GABAergic interneurons play diverse and important roles in controlling neuronal network dynamics. They are characterized by an extreme heterogeneity morphologically, neurochemically, and physiologically, but a functionally relevant classification is still lacking. Present taxonomy is essentially based on their postsynaptic targets, but a physiological counterpart to this classification has not yet been determined. Using a quantitative analysis based on multidimensional clustering of morphological and physiological variables, we now demonstrate a strong correlation between the kinetics of glutamate and GABA miniature synaptic currents received by CA1 hippocampal interneurons and the laminar distribution of their axons: neurons that project to the same layer(s) receive synaptic inputs with similar kinetics distributions. In contrast, the kinetics distributions of GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic events received by a given interneuron do not depend upon its somatic location or dendritic arborization. Although the mechanisms responsible for this unexpected observation are still unclear, our results suggest that interneurons may be programmed to receive synaptic currents with specific temporal dynamics depending on their targets and the local networks in which they operate. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fire Detection Using Spatial-temporal Analysis

Fire detection is an important issue of modern security sensing system. In this paper, we propose a vision-based fire detection algorithm. The proposed approach integrates color, spatial and motion information to locate fire regions in video frames. Potential fire regions are detected by modeling the fire color with Gaussian mixture model. Based on some characteristics of burning flame, we combine spatial and temporal features to remove spurious fire-like regions. Finally, some missing fire regions are located using region growing method. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach can be applied to a variety of conditions and outperform some existing technique.
On the Opportunities and Challenges in Microwave Medical Sensing and Imaging

Widely used medical imaging systems in clinics currently rely on X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. The aforementioned technologies provide clinical data with a variety of resolution, implementation cost, and use complexity, where some of them rely on ionizing radiation. Microwave sensing and imaging (MSI) is an alternative method based on nonionizing electromagnetic (EM) signals operating over the frequency range covering hundreds of megahertz to tens of gigahertz. The advantages of using EM signals are low health risk, low cost implementation, low operational cost, ease of use, and user friendliness. Advancements made in microelectronics, material science, and embedded systems make it possible for miniaturization and integration into portable, handheld, mobile devices with networking capability. MSI has been used for tumor detection, blood clot/stroke detection, heart imaging, bone imaging, cancer detection, and localization of in-body RF sources. The fundamental notion of MSI is that it exploits the tissue-dependent dielectric contrast to reconstruct signals and images using radar-based or tomographic imaging techniques. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the active MSI for various medical applications, for which the motivation, challenges, possible solutions, and future directions are discussed.
Point Break: A Study of Bandwidth Denial-of-Service Attacks against Tor

As the Tor network has grown in popularity and importance as a tool for privacy-preserving online communication, it has increasingly become a target for disruption, censorship, and attack. A large body of existing work examines Tor's susceptibility to attacks that attempt to block Tor users' access to information (e.g., via traffic filtering), identify Tor users' communication content (e.g., via traffic fingerprinting), and de-anonymize Tor users (e.g., via traffic correlation). This paper focuses on the relatively understudied threat of denialof-service (DoS) attacks against Tor, and specifically, DoS attacks that intelligently utilize bandwidth as a means to significantly degrade Tor network performance and reliability. We demonstrate the feasibility of several bandwidth DoS attacks through live-network experimentation and highfidelity simulation while quantifying the cost of each attack and its effect on Tor performance. First, we explore an attack against Tor's most commonly used default bridges (for censorship circumvention) and estimate that flooding those that are operational would cost $17K/mo. and could reduce client throughput by 44% while more than doubling bridge maintenance costs. Second, we explore attacks against the TorFlow bandwidth measurement system and estimate that a constant attack against all TorFlow scanners would cost $2.8K/mo. and reduce the median client download rate by 80%. Third, we explore how an adversary could use Tor to congest itself and estimate that such a congestion attack against all Tor relays would cost $1.6K/mo. and increase the median client download time by 47%. Finally, we analyze the effects of Sybil DoS and deanonymization attacks that have costs comparable to those of our attacks.
Conclusion: making meaning of mobiles - a theory of Apparatgeist

In a switching circuit for controlling the level of material in a container, a first counter accumulates pulses generated at a rate inversely related to the level of the material up to a first predetermined total. A second counter accumulates clock pulses up to a second predetermined total representing a fixed counting interval. The counters are connected in a race circuit wherein the one to reach its predetermined total first resets both counters and controls the race circuitry. The first counter sets a control circuit to indicate a low level condition or to activate an alarm, and the second counter resets the control circuit to indicate a high level condition. After the control circuit has been set by the first counter, the race circuit is responsive to a third predetermined total of the first counter, less than the first predetermined total, representing, for example, a level to which a container is to be filled. The first and third predetermined totals provide a hysteresis effect to prevent the switching circuit from "hunting" around the level at which material is to be added or an alarm condition shown.
Frictional and elastic energy in gecko adhesive detachment

Geckos use millions of adhesive setae on their toes to climb vertical surfaces at speeds of over 1 m s−1. Climbing presents a significant challenge for an adhesive since it requires both strong attachment and easy, rapid removal. Conventional pressure-sensitive adhesives are either strong and difficult to remove (e.g. duct tape) or weak and easy to remove (e.g. sticky notes). We discovered that the energy required to detach adhering tokay gecko setae (Wd) is modulated by the angle (θ) of a linear path of detachment. Gecko setae resist detachment when dragged towards the animal during detachment (θ=30°) requiring Wd=5.0±0.86 (s.e.) J m−2 to detach, largely due to frictional losses. This external frictional loss is analogous to viscous internal frictional losses during detachment of pressure-sensitive adhesives. We found that, remarkably, setae possess a built-in release mechanism. Setae acted as springs when loaded in tension during attachment and returned elastic energy when detached along the optimal path (θ=130°), resulting in Wd=−0.8±0.12 J m−2. The release of elastic energy from the setal shaft probably causes spontaneous release, suggesting that curved shafts may enable easy detachment in natural, and synthetic, gecko adhesives.
Survey on Image Enhancement Techniques for Digital Images

Image Enhancement involves the processing of an image for improving its visualization for different applications. Process involves processing the image by altering its structural features like contrast and resolution. Many image enhancement techniques are available but the choice of technique depends upon application for which image is being processed and image modality. Image enhancement can be categorized by spatial domain and frequency domain. Different image enhancement techniques are analyzed and their upsides and downsides are highlighted in the paper.
Carbohydrate composition of lymphocyte plasma membrane from pig mesenteric lymph node.

Pig lymphocyte plasma membrane isolated from mesenteric lymph node contained 69 mug of carbohydrate/mg dry wt. , which was made up of neutral sugar, amino sugar and sialic acid in the molar proportions 5:1.7:1. The neutral sugar comprised fucose, ribose, mannose, glucose, galactose and inositol (molar proportions 2:9:11:15:26:1), and the amino sugar glucosamine and galactosamine (molar ratio 2:1). The ribose was most probably derived from RNA. All of the fucose and mannose and almost all of the glucosamine were associated with the membrane protein whereas the membrane lipid contained all of the inositol. The remaining sugars were distributed in various ratios between the protein and lipid fractions.
Comparison of Firefly algorithm optimisation, particle swarm optimisation and differential evolution

Evolutionary Computation (EC) is a recent and lively area of study. Some of the recent approaches within EC are particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) and Differential Evolution (DE), while one of the latest to be developed is Firefly Algorithm (FA): all of which can be used in optimisation problems. This paper makes a comparison of the effectiveness of these three methods on a specific optimisation problem, specifically tuning the parameters of a PID controller.
A New Proof of the Wiener-Hopf Factorization via Basu's Theorem

We illustrate how Basu's theorem can be used to derive the spatial version of the Wiener-Hopf factorization for a specific class of piecewise-deterministic Markov processes. The classical factorization results for both random walks and Lévy processes follow immediately from our result. The approach is particularly elegant when used to establish the factorization for spectrally one-sided Lévy processes.
Vascular smooth muscle actin cytoskeleton in cerebral artery forced dilatation.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated the role of actin polymerization in regulating arterial diameter in response to increasing pressure and modulating forced dilatation of cerebral arteries at pressures above the upper limit of autoregulation. METHODS Posterior cerebral arteries (n = 12) were isolated and pressurized in a special arteriograph that allowed control of intravascular pressure and measurement of lumen diameter. Intact arteries in the absence (control) or presence of 3.0 mumol/L cytochalasin B (CB), an inhibitor of actin polymerization, were subjected to stepwise increases in pressure from 75 to 200 mm Hg. Lumen diameter was continuously recorded, as was the pressure at which forced dilatation (loss of tone) occurred. After a period of time at 200 mm Hg, pressure was returned to 75 mm Hg and the extent of tone recovery was evaluated. RESULTS Arteries with and without CB developed a similar amount of tone during equilibration at 75 mm Hg: percent tone = 27 +/- 3% for control versus 29 +/- 4% for CB arteries (P > 0.05). However, arteries in the presence of CB could not withstand pressure as well and underwent FD at significantly lower pressures: 168 +/- 5 mm Hg for control versus 142 +/- 5 mm Hg for CB arteries (P < 0.01). The amount of tone that arteries regained after FD when pressure was returned to 75 mm Hg was also less in CB arteries: percent tone = 34 +/- 3% for control versus 11 +/- 2% for CB arteries (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Cytoskeletal integrity appears important for maintaining cerebral arterial diameter during changing intravascular pressure. In addition, the process of actin polymerization may be a significant contributor to development of myogenic tone after forced dilatation.
Entering the research community

THE MAIN ELEMENT OF DOCTORAL STUDIES is always original research, which is finally compiled into a doctoral thesis. During this time the student studies literature in her/his field in depth, learns research design, problem solving, data collection and analysis methods, taking a critical view on one's work, and writing scientific reports and papers. However, becoming an expert in one's field is not the only goal of doctoral studies. A researcher is never working just alone, but s/he is also a member of the research community of her/his own field. In my case, this means the international computing education research community (or computing education community, whichever definition is preferred). What is the significance of this membership and how can we support students to find and take their own role in the field? I recall well my first conference trip where my supervisor sent me. I had started my PhD studies in database research half a year earlier, and I attended the VLDB conference (Very Large Data Bases) in 1992 in Vancouver, Canada. I was alone and there were some 300 other people whom I had never met. I listened to many presentations, some more and some less interesting to me, and I spoke briefly with several people on coffee breaks and social events. They were working on things quite different from what I was doing. I, however, recognized several familiar names found in relevant papers I had read. Unfortunately, they seemed to be busy people whenever I just happened to notice them passing by. Overall, I learned something about the field but did not feel that I belonged to some research com-munity—except of course my supervisor's research group. This kind of experience is not rare among PhD students. For example , Pyhältö et al. reported on a survey of over 600 PhD students in three faculties that showed that almost 30% of students considered themselves outsiders in the research community [8]. How should we then organize support for the socialization process into an international research community? Golde [5] writes: " Conceptualizing the first year of graduate school as a socialization process into a discipline and graduate student life may be a useful tool for assessing and improving departmental practices. " There are obviously numerous possibilities for actions, and I cannot present a comprehensive view of them here. Rather, I reflect on a number of activities in which I have participated myself. …
The importance of having mobile terminal samples for analyzing and verifying customer issues

It may be intuitive to assume that the quality of issue corrective actions (iCA) for customers with mobile terminal (MT) issues can be improved by collecting samples of the faulty products in question for verifying the issues reported from the field. This study was created to test this hypothesis using three different established statistical analysis methods: binary logistic regression, Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests and Mood’s Median Test. The methods are used because the data collected from in-house database tool is categorical. In this study, these methods were employed to test if the presence or absence of corrective actions process (CAP) samples had any effect on the perceived quality of issue corrective actions (P-QoiCA) or any effect on the perceived quality of issue resolution time (P-QoiRT) for service to the customers. This study also examined the effect of the quality of the collected samples (QoSa) on the absolute issue resolution time (iRT). The study checked if the frequency of requests for samples differs between MT products of different software platforms (SW_P). Additionally the paper investigated how the sample collection turnaround time (SC-TAT) differed in different sales areas (SA). The main findings were that the collected samples had no measurable effect upon the P-QoiCA or on P-QoiRT. Also it has been shown that QoSa and the SC-TAT had no effect on the absolute time (iRT) to resolve customers’ issues. In addition to the aforementioned findings, the study noted as an aside that the Moods’ median test found significant differences in iRT between different software platforms (SW_ P). Key words: Corrective actions process (CAP)-samples, non-parametric tests, log-normal distribution, logistic regression, perceived quality.