Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electron Scattering from 1-Methyl-5-Nitroimidazole: Cross-Sections for Modeling Electron Transport through Potential Radiosensitizers

In this study, we present a complete set of electron scattering cross-sections from 1-Methyl-5-Nitroimidazole (1M5NI) molecules for impact energies ranging from 0.1 to 1000 eV. This information is relevant to evaluate the potential role of 1M5NI as a molecular radiosensitizers. The total electron scattering cross-sections (TCS) that we previously measured with a magnetically confined electron transmission apparatus were considered as the reference values for the present analysis. Elastic scattering cross-sections were calculated by means of two different schemes: The Schwinger multichannel (SMC) method for the lower energies (below 15 eV) and the independent atom model-based screening-corrected additivity rule with interferences (IAM-SCARI) for higher energies (above 15 eV). The latter was also applied to calculate the total ionization cross-sections, which were complemented with experimental values of the induced cationic fragmentation by electron impact. Double differential ionization cross-sections were measured with a reaction microscope multi-particle coincidence spectrometer. Using a momentum imaging spectrometer, direct measurements of the anion fragment yields and kinetic energies by the dissociative electron attachment are also presented. Cross-sections for the other inelastic channels were derived with a self-consistent procedure by sampling their values at a given energy to ensure that the sum of the cross-sections of all the scattering processes available at that energy coincides with the corresponding TCS. This cross-section data set is ready to be used for modelling electron-induced radiation damage at the molecular level to biologically relevant media containing 1M5NI as a potential radiosensitizer. Nonetheless, a proper evaluation of its radiosensitizing effects would require further radiobiological experiments.
N-Body Simulation for Dark Matter Clustering at Different Epochs of the Universe

In this study the cold dark matter particles is simulated at different epochs of the universe using Gadget-2 code for lambda cold dark matter model (ΛCDM). Firstly, the dark matter particles distributed in homogenous form then with time because of the gravity effects the particles collected gradually to construct sub clumps of halo and then big clumps of halo. This process is shown in the simulation from redshift z17.7 (700Myr.) after the Big Bang of the universe to z0 (13.3Gyr.). During these epochs of the universe the clustering of dark matter halo, filaments, and voids are constructed. These clusters of halo which were found from the simulation are the basic parts of galaxy clusters. In the simulation also the velocity scale of each epoch shows the displacement of the dark matter particles at different directions to construct the halo.
Repetitive Negative Thinking in Social Anxiety Disorder 2: Post-Event Processing

Cognitive models of social anxiety disorder (SAD) emphasize post-event processing as a prominent maintaining factor that occurs after social-evaluative events. Post-event processing involves repetitive negative thinking revolved around perceived social failure. The present review concentrates on the relevant and available empirical literature on post-event processing in social anxiety which centres on Clarke and Wells (1995) theoretical framework. Correlational and experimental studies have investigated the relationship between post-event processing and the behavioural, physiological, cognitive and affective outcomes for socially anxious individuals. The majority of study designs include those investigating post-event processing in response to social-evaluative threat, and in response to treatment. Limitations of the existing literature are discussed and suggestions for future research examining the underlying cognitive functions of post-event processing are proposed.
Design of a Modular Annular Centrifugal Contactor for Lab-Scale Counter-Current Multistage Solvent Extraction

ABSTRACT Annular centrifugal contactors (ACCs) have appealing properties as counter-current multistage solvent extraction (SX) equipment, allowing high throughput at short residence times, small liquid hold-up, and small footprint. The number of commercial suppliers of laboratory-scale ACCs is limited, and their designs have restricted flexibility. Commercial 25 mm diameter ACCs were customized with transparent PMMA surroundings of the mixing zones, allowing visual process monitoring and identification of operational malfunctions. The separation zone of several rotors was lengthened compared to the factory design, which allows longer average residence times in the modified contactors, while keeping the organic flow rate constant in the bank of interconnected contactors. The Couette gap could be increased or decreased without affecting the mixing performance. A 3D-printed stator allows for more efficient draining of the light and heavy phases, and reduces liquid hold-up and volumes required to efficiently achieve steady-state conditions in the process. The hydrodynamic performance of the modified equipment was demonstrated by a SX process of uranium with TBP. First a literature data set of distribution ratios for uranium in HNO3 and 30% TBP diluted in dodecane was utilized to create an empirical model in SX Process simulation software. A flowsheet was designed to validate the model, and it provides an example of the methodology to progress from batch to multistage process. Online density measurements were used to monitor and control the uranium concentrations, and to achieve the desired high metal loading steady-state conditions. It was demonstrated that ruthenium decontamination from uranium could be improved in modified ACCs with longer residence time in the mixing zones of the scrubbing section.
Code-Switching for Enhancing NMT with Pre-Specified Translation

Leveraging user-provided translation to constrain NMT has practical significance. Existing methods can be classified into two main categories, namely the use of placeholder tags for lexicon words and the use of hard constraints during decoding. Both methods can hurt translation fidelity for various reasons. We investigate a data augmentation method, making code-switched training data by replacing source phrases with their target translations. Our method does not change the MNT model or decoding algorithm, allowing the model to learn lexicon translations by copying source-side target words. Extensive experiments show that our method achieves consistent improvements over existing approaches, improving translation of constrained words without hurting unconstrained words.
A 12.8–15.0-GHz Low-Jitter Fractional-N Subsampling PLL Using a Voltage-Domain Quantization-Error Cancellation

This article presents a low-jitter, low-fractional spur fractional-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> subsampling phase-locked loop (SSPLL) that generates an output frequency, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{\mathrm {OUT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, that ranges from 12.8 to 15.0 GHz. Conventionally, fractional-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> SSPLLs remove the quantization error (Q-error) of the delta–sigma modulator (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \Sigma \text{M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) before the sample-and-hold (SH) circuit using a digital-to-time converter (DTC). As a result, the in-band noise of those SSPLLs is saturated by the jitter of the DTC, and the overall rms jitter is increased. However, the proposed SSPLL cancels the Q-error after the SH using a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). This approach significantly suppresses the jitter of the DAC by the gain of the SH, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{\mathrm {SH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, resulting in a much lower rms jitter. To implement the proposed Q-error cancellation, this work introduces two key techniques: 1) dual-clock-phase sampling (DCP sampling) that maintains a consistently high <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{\mathrm {SH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 2) second-order curve-fitting digital predistortion (SCF-DPD) that enables the DAC to cancel the Q-error more precisely. The proposed fractional-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> SSPLL was fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS technology, and the total power consumption was 7.3 mW when a 14-GHz <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{\mathrm {OUT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was generated using a reference frequency of 100 MHz. The measured rms jitter and the level of fractional spurs were 104 fs and −58 dBc, respectively.
Microbiological Analysis of Indoor Air in Selected Primary Schools: Health Concerns and Recommendations

The quality of indoor air in various buildings is crucial for maintaining the health and well-being of individuals. Exposure to airborne microorganisms can have detrimental effects on respiratory health. This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of indoor air in selected primary schools in Aliero, Nigeria. Three primary schools were randomly chosen, air samples were collected using settle plates. Petri dishes containing different culture media were exposed twice daily (morning and noon). The number of organisms per cubic meter of air (CFU/m³) was recorded, and standard microbiological methods were used to identify bacterial and fungal isolates. The study revealed a wide range of bacterial and fungal contamination in classroom environments. Bacterial loads ranged from 543-165 CFU/m³, while fungal loads ranged from 146- 32 CFU/m³. Four bacterial species and five fungal genera were identified. The bacteria included Bacillus spp, Proteus spp, Staphylococcus aureus, and Micrococcus spp, while the fungal genera isolated included Aspergillus spp, Mucor spp, Fusarium spp, Penicillium spp, and Rhizopus spp. The most prevalent bacteria were Bacillus spp (34.38%) and Micrococcus spp (28.13%), while the most frequently isolated fungi were Fusarium spp (36.36%) and Penicillium spp (33.33%). The finding of this study has shed light on the indoor air quality of selected primary schools in Aliero. The present study also revealed the microbial diversity as well as the frequency of occurrence of various isolates. Measures such as improved ventilation, stringent cleaning protocols, and regular monitoring to ensure a healthier indoor environment for both students and staff.
The Spatio-Temporal Cloud Frequency Distribution in the Galapagos Archipelago as Seen from MODIS Cloud Mask Data

Clouds play an important role in the climate system; nonetheless, the relationship between climate change in general and regional cloud occurrence is not yet well understood. This particularly holds for remote areas such as the iconic Galapagos archipelago in Ecuador. As a first step towards a better understanding, we analyzed the spatio-temporal patterns of cloud cover over Galapagos. We found that cloud frequency and distribution exhibit large inter- and intra-annual variability due to the changing influence of climatic drivers (trade winds, sea surface temperature, El Niño/La Niña events) and spatial variations due to terrain characteristics and location within the archipelago. The highest cloud frequencies occur in mid-elevations on the slopes exposed to the southerly trade winds (south-east slopes). Towards the highlands ( >900 m a.s.l), cloud frequency decreases, with a sharp leap towards high-level crater areas mainly on Isabela Island that frequently immerse into the trade inversion layer. With respect to the diurnal cycle, we found a lower cloud frequency over the islands in the evening than in the morning. Seasonally, cloud frequency is higher during the hot season (January–May) than in the cool season (June–December). However, spatial differences in cloudiness were more pronounced during the cool season months. We further analyzed two periods beyond average atmospheric forcing. During El Niño 2015, the cloud frequency was higher than usual, and differences between altitudes and aspects were less pronounced. La Niña 2007 led to negative anomalies in cloud frequency over the islands, with intensified differences between altitude and aspect.
Recent advances in measurement of metabolic clearance, metabolite profile and reaction phenotyping of low clearance compounds

ABSTRACT Introduction Low metabolic clearance is usually a highly desirable property of drug candidates in order to reduce dose and dosing frequency. However, measurement of low clearance can be challenging in drug discovery. A number of new tools have recently been developed to address the gaps in the measurement of intrinsic clearance, identification of metabolites, and reaction phenotyping of low clearance compounds. Areas covered The new methodologies of low clearance measurements are discussed, including the hepatocyte relay, HepatoPac®, HμREL®, and spheroid systems. In addition, metabolite formation rate determination and in vivo allometric scaling approaches are covered as alternative methods for low clearance measurements. With these new methods, measurement of ~ 20-fold lower limit of intrinsic clearance can be achieved. The advantages and limitations of each approach are highlighted. Expert opinion Although several novel methods have been developed in recent years to address the challenges of low clearance, these assays tend to be time and labor intensive and costly. Future innovations focusing on developing systems with high enzymatic activities, ultra-sensitive universal quantifiable detectors, and artificial intelligence will further enhance our ability to explore the low clearance space.
Using Malaysian Independent Film Gadoh as a Pedagogical Tool to Shift Ethnic Boundaries

This paper investigates the use of a Malaysian independent film as a pedagogical tool to facilitate the shifting of ethnic boundaries among selected Malaysian university students. The concept of ethnic boundaries by Mansor (2012) has been applied to evaluate the shifting ethnic boundaries. There are two research objectives for this study which are, firstly, to explore the perceptions of the students on the use of Malaysian Independent film, Gadoh as a pedagogical tool to discuss sensitive issues relating to interethnic relations in Malaysia and secondly, to evaluate the changes in the shifting of their ethnic boundaries based on their perceptions of the film. Five participants have been purposively selected from different ethnic backgrounds and fields of studies to participate in a focus group discussion. The findings suggests that Gadoh is perceived as a potential pedagogical tool for experiential learning, critical awareness on the issues of ethnic relations and lastly, as a platform to explore conflict and reconciliation suggestions provided by the film. Participants were able to thin and dissolve their ethnic boundaries due to being exposed to different standpoints beyond one’s ethnic boundaries.
Salvage Whole-Pelvic Radiation and Long-Term Androgen-Deprivation Therapy in the Management of High-Risk Prostate Cancer: Long-Term Update of the McGill 0913 Study

Purpose: To report the long-term outcomes of the McGill 0913 study and the potential benefits of combining prostate-bed radiotherapy (PBRT), pelvic-lymph-node radiotherapy (PLNRT), and long term ADT (LT-ADT). Materials and Methods: From 2010 to 2016, 46 high-risk prostate cancer patients who experienced biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) were enrolled in this single-arm phase II clinical trial. The patients were eligible if they had a Gleason score > 8, locally advanced disease (≥pT3), a preoperative PSA of >20 ng/mL, or positive lymph nodes (LN). The patients were treated with a combination of 24 months of ADT, PBRT, and PLNRT. The primary outcome was biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS) and the predefined secondary endpoints included distant-metastasis-free survival (DMFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. In this update, we also report the median follow-up of 8.8 years and 10 years OS. Results: At a median follow-up of 8.8 years, 43 patients were eligible for analysis. The median pre-salvage PSA was 0.30 μg/L. Half (51%) of the patients (n = 22) had positive margins, 40% (n = 17) had Gleason scores > 8, 63% (n = 27) had extracapsular extension, 42% (n = 18) had seminal vesicle invasion, and 19% (n = 8) had LN involvement. The 10-year bPFS was 68.3 %. The 10-year DMFS was 72.9%. The 10-year OS was 97%. There were two non-cancer-related deaths. The first patient died of congestive heart failure while the other died of an unknown cause. No new toxicity was observed after the initial report. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that treatment escalation with PBRT, PLNRT, and LT-ADT improves long term outcomes. In view of the recently published SPPORT study, we conclude that this novel approach of treatment intensification in high-risk post-prostatectomy patients is safe and effective, and that it should be offered as the standard of care.
Analysing Moderating Effects of Demographic Variables on Customer Satisfaction: A Study of Quick Service Restaurant

Customers' perceptions of service quality are essential for service companies' survival in today’s challenging business environment. While much research has been conducted on service quality, relatively few have examined how demographic variables influence the connection between the quality of service and price on customer satisfaction in the fast-food outlets or what is now known as Quick Service Restaurant (QSR). The present study attempts to gain a deeper insight into the association of Customer Satisfaction (CS) with Service Quality (SQ) and Pricing (value). Simultaneously, the current study also explores how the demographic variables moderate the relationship between the constructs described above. It is a quantitative research that used a standardized, self-administered online questionnaire and a random sample technique to collect data from 360 customers of QSR in India. SPSS and Smart PLS were used to analyze the data obtained. Smart PLS was used to ascertain the impact of price and SQ on CS and the effect of moderating variables. The finding suggests that both price and SQ have a positive and significant relation with CS. The demographic variables moderate the relationship between price and customer satisfaction; however, only income moderates the relationship between SQ and CS. These results suggest that restaurant QSR managers/owners should strengthen Service Quality to enhance Customer Satisfaction. Hence, the manager/owner should provide value for money and quality service to their customer to satisfy them.
QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY FOR NEW URBAN COMMUNITIES IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

: Given the numerous studies, literature, theses and discussions that debated the definition of the quality of life (QoL), however, one can argue that this multidimensional concept, the QoL, is generally related to many aspects, including improved living conditions, subjective well-being, positive emotions, and life satisfaction. To evaluate the extent to which these aspects are fulfilled, and to which the individual’s needs, which are associated with better quality, are met, many models have been proposed as indicators for the individual's right to the QoL, in relation to the capabilities provided by countries to individuals. While these models are primarily relative to the multiple concepts of QoL, and as most of the indicators focused on the most important objective aspects of QoL, including the economic, social and environmental aspects, it has been concluded that there is a need for a reference ecosystem ensuring the comprehensiveness of all appropriate means of QoL in the different urban and developmental communities, to capture the grounds required to achieve the QoL for these new urban communities. In this analytical study, we have concluded that the efficiency of QoL in the new urban communities can be measured, analyzed and evaluated by four aspects. These aspects are general indexes for population; environmental planning and design, environmental operation of urban communities, and technical support for the available environmental resources, which have been integrated into one application that enables those in charge of developing new urban communities to assess the efficiency and measure the QoL, by analyzing the statistical data generated from this application. In applying the methodology for measuring, analyzing and evaluating the QoL in the new residential areas of KSA, the housing index scored 205/160, at 78%, as it achieved more than half the QoL requirements. The Environmental Planning and Design Index scored 530/280, at 53%, as it achieved more than half the QoL requirements. The Environmental Operation of Urban Communities scored 45/95, at 47%, as it achieved more than half the QoL requirements. The Technical Support for Available Environmental Resources scored 70/30, at 43%, as it achieved less than half the QoL requirements.
Monotone Comparative Statics for Cut-Offs

I show that by taking path integral along the so-called diagonally increasing path, the interval dominance order proposed by Quah and Strulovici (2009) can be applied to a class of multi-dimensional optimization problems with cut-off rules. Two applications are included: optimal switching time and monotone pragmatics.
Athletic performance, sports experience, and exercise addiction: an association study on ANKK1 gene polymorphism rs1800497

Introduction Exercise addiction is a phenomenon being able to affecting the athletic performance. The gene, ANKK1 and the polymorphism NM_178510. 2:c.2137G > A (rs1800497) has been linked to the exercise addiction. However, further studies on diverse populations and sport branches are needed to totally explore the possible association of this polymorphism with the athletic performance. Thus, the present study aims to decipher any possible relations of the rs1800497 polymorphism with the athletic performance/personal best (PB) and sport experience of elite athletes. Methods Sixty volunteer elite athletes (31 sprint/power and 29 endurance) and 20 control/sedentary participated in the study. The polymorphism was genotyped using whole exome sequencing approach and PB were determined according to the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) score. Results Our results underlined that there were not any significance differences for both allele and genotype frequencies between the groups in terms of athletic performance, although the frequency of allele G was higher (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, sport experience significantly associated with the rs1800496 polymorphism (p < 0.05). Discussion In conclusion, genotype G/G could be inferred to be linked to the higher sport experience and athletic performance. Still, further studies with higher number of participants are needed to conclude the association of this polymorphism with athletic parameters.