Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OMIM.org: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM®), an online catalog of human genes and genetic disorders

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, OMIM®, is a comprehensive, authoritative and timely research resource of curated descriptions of human genes and phenotypes and the relationships between them. The new official website for OMIM, OMIM.org (http://omim.org), was launched in January 2011. OMIM is based on the published peer-reviewed biomedical literature and is used by overlapping and diverse communities of clinicians, molecular biologists and genome scientists, as well as by students and teachers of these disciplines. Genes and phenotypes are described in separate entries and are given unique, stable six-digit identifiers (MIM numbers). OMIM entries have a structured free-text format that provides the flexibility necessary to describe the complex and nuanced relationships between genes and genetic phenotypes in an efficient manner. OMIM also has a derivative table of genes and genetic phenotypes, the Morbid Map. OMIM.org has enhanced search capabilities such as genome coordinate searching and thesaurus-enhanced search term options. Phenotypic series have been created to facilitate viewing genetic heterogeneity of phenotypes. Clinical synopsis features are enhanced with UMLS, Human Phenotype Ontology and Elements of Morphology terms and image links. All OMIM data are available for FTP download and through an API. MIMmatch is a novel outreach feature to disseminate updates and encourage collaboration.
Dieting and health in young Australian women

This paper examines the prevalence of dieting behaviours and correlates with physical and mental health in young Australian women who are participants in the Australian Longitudinal Stud of Women's Health. A total of 14 686 women aged 18-23 years, randomly selected from the National Medicare database, with over-sampling from rural and remote areas, responded to a questionnaire seeking dieting and health information. The results showed that 66.5 percent of the women had a BMI within the healthy weight range (18- < 25 kg/m(2)). However only 21.6 percent of these women were happy with their weight and almost half (46 percent) had dieted to lose weight in the last year (also one in five who had a BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2)). High frequency of dieting (rather than dieting per se) and earlier dieting onset were associated with poorer physical and mental health (including depression), more disordered eating (bingeing and purging), extreme weight and shape dissatisfaction and more frequent general health problems. The results suggest that there is a need for programmes that will enhance self esteem and weight/shape acceptance and promote more appropriate strategies for maintenance of healthy weight. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Prescription patterns for diabetes mellitus and therapeutic implications: a population-based analysis.

OBJECTIVE To analyze drug prescriptions for insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients seen in the Brazilian Public Healthcare System (Unified Health System - SUS) in Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. SUBJECTS AND METHODS All the patients with diabetes seen in the SUS in the western district of Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil between March/2006 and February/2007 were included in the study. RESULTS A total of 3,982 patients were identified. Mean age of the patients was 60.6 years, and 61.0% were females. Sixty percent of the patients were treated with monotherapy. Doses of oral antidiabetic drugs were lower in monotherapy than in polytherapy. Ten patients received doses of glibenclamide or metformin above the recommended maximum doses, and in elderly patients there was no reduction in drug doses. CONCLUSION Monotherapy with oral antidiabetic drugs was the predominant procedure, and the doses were not individualized according to age.
The influence of reading speed and line length on the effectiveness of reading from screen

With such a large volume of material accessible from the World Wide Web, there is an urgent need to increase our knowledge of factors influencing reading from screen. We investigate the effects of two reading speeds (normal and fast) and different line lengths on comprehension, reading rate and scrolling patterns. Scrolling patterns are defined as the way in which readers proceed through the text, pausing and scrolling. Comprehension and reading rate are also examined in relation to scrolling patterns to attempt to identify some characteristics of effective readers. We found a reduction in overall comprehension when reading fast, but the type of information recalled was not dependent on speed. A medium line length (55 characters per line) appears to support effective reading at normal and fast speeds. This produced the highest level of comprehension and was also read faster than short lines. Scrolling patterns associated with better comprehension (more time in pauses and more individual scrolling movements) contrast with scrolling patterns used by faster readers (less time in pauses between scrolling). Consequently, effective readers can only be defined in relation to the aims of the reading task, which may favour either speed or accuracy.
Leisure Time Physical Activity of Park Visitors: Retesting Constraint Models in Adoption and Maintenance Stages

This study extends the leisure constraints research. Specifically, the constraints-effects-mitigation model is examined in the context of park visitors' leisure time physical activity (LTPA). Model structure differences are tested between respondents in two stages of regular physical activity. Findings support the model where negotiation partially mediates the constraint-participation and motivation-participation relationships. Differences in the structural parameter estimates between respondents adopting and maintaining regular physical activity did not emerge. As such, the model applies to visitors in both stages. Results advance understanding of the relationships among factors that influence leisure participation, and particularly, park visitor LTPA.
Ideal free distributions in growing networks

This paper presents a class of network optimization processes that account for the emergence of scale-free network structures. We introduce a mathematical framework that captures the connectivity and growth dynamics of a network with an arbitrary initial topology. We show how selection via differential node fitness affects the proportion of connections a node makes to other nodes, and how a heavy-tailed connectivity behavior manifests itself from consecutive achievements of ideal free distributions (IFDs). Finally, we present simulation results that show how this class of networks may emerge even when consecutive IFDs are not perfectly reached.
Control, Interdependence and Power: Understanding Social Cognition in Its Social Context

A theory of control in interdependence and power relations is supported by a program of laboratory research. Control needs are basic and predict information-seeking in social relationships. Those without social power typically seek the most diagnostic information, making individuation more likely. Those who do have social power seek less diagnostic information about others and are vulnerable to stereotyping them. Moreover, feelings of control not only reflect individual power positions but also group power positions. Remaining challenges include the impact of outcome expectations on information-seeking and continuing to remedy the power lacuna in social psychology.
Modelling and design of a direct-drive lift control with rope elasticity and estimation of starting torque

This paper deals with position control of a direct drive rope-based lift system at mechanical brake releasing. The electrical equipment includes a high-torque, low-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor with external rotor directly connected to the rope pulley. The drive uses only stator current sensors for torque control and an incremental encoder on the motor shaft. A detailed model of the system, which comprises also rope elasticity, is presented, as wells as a load torque estimation algorithm and a feedforward action on the torque reference signal. Such reference is used to reduce the cabin falling down at brake releasing below a perceptible threshold. Final experimental results support the mathematical theory outlined in the paper, validating the proposed control strategy.
Reflections on past behavior: A self-report index of habit strength

We argue that habit is a psychological construct, rather than simply past behavioral frequency. In 4 studies, a 12-item index of habit strength (the Self-Report Habit Index, SRHI) was developed on the basis of features of habit; that is, a history of repetition, automaticity (lack of control and awareness, efficiency), and expressing identity. High internal and test-retest reliabilities were found. The SRHI correlated strongly with past behavioral frequency and the response frequency measure of habit (Verplanken, Aarts, van Knippenberg, & van Knippenberg, 1994). The index discriminated between behaviors varying in frequency, and also between daily vs. weekly habits. The SRHI may be useful as a dependent variable, or to determine or monitor habit strength without measuring behavioral frequency.
Increasing erythrocyte aggregability with the progressive grades of chronic venous insufficiency: importance and mechanisms.

Erythrocyte aggregation (EA) has appeared as the most interesting parameter among rheological measurements in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). We therefore conducted two different kinds of studies to provide further information about the distribution and mechanisms of EA in CVI. We first analysed EA values in 67 patients, classified according to 3 evolutive groups: 27 patients suffering only from subjective symptoms of venous disease (grade 1), 19 patients with varicosis and sapheno-femoral incompetence (grade 2), 21 patients with varicosis and trophic skin changes (grade 3). EA values were also measured in 22 healthy controls. Analysis of EA was performed for equal concentrations of fibrinogen and adjusted for age. EA was significantly higher in CVI. The aggregation index, related to the kinetics of aggregates formation, rose significantly even from grade 1 while compared to controls and rose further with the evolutive grades. The same trend was found with the partial dissociation threshold (i.e. red cells aggregates cohesion). As the measurements were performed at standardized hematocrit and the results expressed after fibrinogen levels adjustment, this suggests the involvement of other factors. We subsequently investigated whether red cells from CVI patients aggregate more than those of controls when suspended in the same medium. The results showed that a cellular factor is unlikely to be involved, and that an interaction between red cells and plasma proteins other than fibrinogen could also explain the increased EA in CVI.
Differences Between Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodyres ) and Humans ( Homo sapiens ) in the Resting State of the Index Finger : Implications for Pointing

described as a cognitive orientation to understanding its production and comprehension (Bates, Camaioni, & Voliena, 1975; Butterworth, l99l; Fogel & Hannan, 1985; Fogel & Thelen, 198? ; Leung & Rheingold, l98l; Murphy & Messer, 1977). Although they often have diverse aims, these kinds of approaches seek to understand the development of pointing by understanding its relationship to communicatibn, perspective-taking, empathy, and intersubjectivity. Reseaich in this tradition has revealed a variety of intriguing findings, not the least of which is that the gesture itseli may be present by l8 days of age (Hannan & Fogel,
An Evolutionary Perspective on Effective vs. Ineffective Pick-up Lines

ABSTRACT This experiment examined women's impressions of men using various “pick-up” lines. Seventy women imagined being approached by a man using a flippant and flirtatious “pick-up” line, a direct complimentary line, or an innocuous line that masks his interest. His attractiveness varied too. They then considered him for long-term or short-term relationships. Matching a “good dad” hypothesis, they favored him for a long-term relationship if he used a direct or innocuous line instead of the flippant line, because the latter conveyed lower trustworthiness and intelligence. Matching a “good genes” hypothesis, they favored him for a short-term relationship if he was attractive instead of unattractive, regardless of his pick-up line, presumably because attractiveness signals heritable fitness. Limitations and theoretical implications are discussed.
Symbiont-mediated insecticide resistance

Development of insecticide resistance has been a serious concern worldwide, whose mechanisms have been attributed to evolutionary changes in pest insect genomes such as alteration of drug target sites, up-regulation of degrading enzymes, and enhancement of drug excretion. Here, we report a previously unknown mechanism of insecticide resistance: Infection with an insecticide-degrading bacterial symbiont immediately establishes insecticide resistance in pest insects. The bean bug Riptortus pedestris and allied stinkbugs harbor mutualistic gut symbiotic bacteria of the genus Burkholderia, which are acquired by nymphal insects from environmental soil every generation. In agricultural fields, fenitrothion-degrading Burkolderia strains are present at very low densities. We demonstrated that the fenitrothion-degrading Burkholderia strains establish a specific and beneficial symbiosis with the stinkbugs and confer a resistance of the host insects against fenitrothion. Experimental applications of fenitrothion to field soils drastically enriched fenitrothion-degrading bacteria from undetectable levels to >80% of total culturable bacterial counts in the field soils, and >90% of stinkbugs reared with the enriched soil established symbiosis with fenitrothion-degrading Burkholderia. In a Japanese island where fenitrothion has been constantly applied to sugarcane fields, we identified a stinkbug population wherein the insects live on sugarcane and ≈8% of them host fenitrothion-degrading Burkholderia. Our finding suggests the possibility that the symbiont-mediated insecticide resistance may develop even in the absence of pest insects, quickly establish within a single insect generation, and potentially move around horizontally between different pest insects and other organisms.
Using Language Independent and Language Specific Features to Enhance Arabic Named Entity Recognition

The Named entity recognition task has been garnering significant attention as it has been shown to help improve the performance of many natural language processing applications. More recently, we are starting to see a surge in developing named entity recognition systems for languages other than English. With the relative abundance of resources for the Arabic language and a certain degree of maturation in the state of the art for processing Arabic, it is natural to see interest in developing NER systems for the language. In this paper, we investigate the impact of using different sets of features that are both language independent and language specific in a discriminative machine learning framework, namely, Support Vector Machines. We explore lexical, contextual and morphological features and nine data+sets of different ge nres and annotations. We systematically measure the impact of the different features in isolation and combined. We achieve the highest performance using a combination of all features, F1=82.71. Essentially combining language independent features with language specific ones yields the best performance on all the genres of text we investigate. However, on a class level, we observe that the different classes of named entities benefit differently from the morphological features employed.
Dimensionality of the New Ecological Paradigm

Dunlap and colleagues’ New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale is widely used and, thus, merits testing to determine whether it should be treated as one scale, a set of independent scales, or a set of correlated subscales. The authors test for all three possibilities using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and find that a second-order factor structure with five interrelated dimensions provides a better fit for the data than a single factor structure or five independent factors structure. Results show that, as Dunlap originally assumed, the NEP is best represented as correlated scales involving five facets. The authors recommend that future research with the NEP use CFA within a structural equation modeling approach to accurately represent the five interrelated facets structure, and if CFA is unavailable, treating the scale as five correlated subscales is preferred over treating the NEP as a single score reflecting environmental concern.
Biomarkers of Selenium Status

The essential trace element, selenium (Se), has multiple biological activities, which depend on the level of Se intake. Relatively low Se intakes determine the expression of selenoenzymes in which it serves as an essential constituent. Higher intakes have been shown to have anti-tumorigenic potential; and very high Se intakes can produce adverse effects. This hierarchy of biological activities calls for biomarkers informative at different levels of Se exposure. Some Se-biomarkers, such as the selenoproteins and particularly GPX3 and SEPP1, provide information about function directly and are of value in identifying nutritional Se deficiency and tracking responses of deficient individuals to Se-treatment. They are useful under conditions of Se intake within the range of regulated selenoprotein expression, e.g., for humans <55 μg/day and for animals <20 μg/kg diet. Other Se-biomarkers provide information indirectly through inferences based on Se levels of foods, tissues, urine or feces. They can indicate the likelihood of deficiency or adverse effects, but they do not provide direct evidence of either condition. Their value is in providing information about Se status over a wide range of Se intake, particularly from food forms. There is need for additional Se biomarkers particularly for assessing Se status in non-deficient individuals for whom the prospects of cancer risk reduction and adverse effects risk are the primary health considerations. This would include determining whether supranutritional intakes of Se may be required for maximal selenoprotein expression in immune surveillance cells. It would also include developing methods to determine low molecular weight Se-metabolites, i.e., selenoamino acids and methylated Se-metabolites, which to date have not been detectable in biological specimens. Recent analytical advances using tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry suggest prospects for detecting these metabolites.
Antifungal activities of propolis collected by different races of honeybees against yeasts isolated from patients with superficial mycoses.

Yeasts isolated from patients with superficial mycoses were tested against propolis samples collected from different regions and honeybee races. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values obtained using the agar dilution methods were compared to the diameters of growth inhibition zones by using the disk diffusion method. The results showed that Candida albicans, C. glabrata, Trichosporon spp. , and Rhodotorula sp. were susceptible to low concentrations of propolis, the latter showing a higher susceptibility. Relative to the other propolis tested, the propolis sample collected by Apis mellifera caucasica possessed the highest antifungal activity against all of the superficial mycoses. In contrast, the propolis samples collected by A.m. carnica and A.m. anatolica were the least active samples. Also, the propolis sample from the Adana region is more active than samples from other regions. An increase of MIC values was accompanied by a decrease of growth inhibition zone diameters.
Mammalian Bite Injuries to the Hand and Their Management

Bite wounds are a common form of hand injury with the potential to lead to severe local and systemic sequelae and permanent functional impairment. Mammalian bite wounds may be caused by a variety of animal class and species; injuries resulting from dogs, cats and humans are the most widely discussed and reported in the literature. Bite wounds may be contaminated with aggressive pathogens and the anatomical vulnerability of structures within the hand means that without early recognition and treatment with irrigation and antibiotics, alongside a low index of suspicion for deep structural involvement requiring formal surgical exploration and washout, the consequences of such injuries can be disastrous. We review the literature and discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology and microbiology relating to these injuries, as well as clinical aspects including signs, symptoms, and management.
Different Methods – Different Results: How the Swedish Results in Mathematics Vary Depending on Methodological Approach

The results for TIMSS population 2 in Sweden indicated that Swedish student achievement in mathematics was average. There were even mass media reports that indicated that Swedish students had some of the lowest results in mathematics. The issue that is addressed in this article is whether the performance of Swedish students is average or even low. To answer this, the basis of comparison between the different countries needs to be discussed. Mass media, for example, based its comparison on all 45 countries participating in TIMSS population 2 and in its national TIMSS report, the Swedish National Agency for Education presented a different selection of countries. The report compared the results of the 25 countries that met the sampling requirements set by the TIMSS International Study Centre. This focuses the discussion on what approaches are used when comparing results from different countries in an international comparative study. In this article the TIMSS results, as presented by the Swedish National Agen.
An Evaluation of Data Race Detectors Using Bug Repositories

Multithreaded software is subject to data races. A large number of data race detectors exists, but they are mainly evaluated in academic examples. In this paper we present a study in which we applied data race detectors to real applications. In particular, we want to show, if these tools can be used to locate data races effectively at an early stage in software development. We therefore tracked 25 data races in bug repositories back to their roots, created parallel unit tests and executed 4 different data race detectors on these tests. We show, that with a combination of all detectors 92% of the contained data races can be found, whereas the best data race detector only finds about 50%.
Defining and Measuring Employability

The concept of employability is analysed and the prevailing tendency to create employability measures based on outcomes is critiqued. The outcome approach results in employability as being construed as an institutional achievement rather than the propensity of the individual student to get employment. The operationalisation of employability as a concept is examined and the implicit 'magic bullet' notion of employability-development opportunities is revealed. An alternative, more complex model is outlined but its applicability is subverted by the 'irrational' activities of graduate recruiters, which render useless any employability indicator based on the proportion of graduates obtaining work. An alternative approach, based on an audit of employability-development within institutions, is explored and some methodological pitfalls are outlined. The conclusion suggests that any evaluation of employability needs clearly to indicate areas for internal improvement rather than simply ranking institutions.