Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assertive behaviour: not a one-size-fits-all solution to poor psychological well-being

Extraversion as both a personality trait and state has robust links with well-being; extraverted state, or behaviour, is sufficient to increase positive affect (PA) regardless of disposition. However, examining extraversion more closely at the aspect and facet level has, to date, yielded mixed results for this relationship. This study sought to clarify extraversion’s impact on psychological well-being (PWB) and positive affect by investigating state and trait assertiveness as one aspect of extraversion (next to enthusiasm; DeYoung et al., 2007). It was hypothesized that this aspect specifically contributes to several PWB outcomes at the trait level, but not at the state level if well-being outcomes increase in high trait-assertive individuals only. Participants ( N = 28) engaged in an embedded discussion task to induce PWB and PA state outcomes by means of instructions to behave assertively or authentically (control). To then quantitatively measure and report participants’ levels of traits and well-being states, several questionnaires were administered directly before and after the discussion task. Results showed that overall, Assertiveness (trait and state) was unrelated to most PWB outcomes and PA; however, assertive behaviour led to surprisingly lower environmental mastery compared to the control group ( p = .031), which is likely explained by an interaction with low trait assertiveness characterising most of the assertive condition. Trait interactions with assertive behaviour were also visible, though not uniform, for within-groups increases in environmental mastery, self-acceptance, and PA. Limitations and implications for state-trait isomorphism, the Whole Trait Theory, and the general extraversion-wellbeing relationship are discussed.
Velocity Decomposition-Enhanced Control for Point and Curved-Foot Planar Bipeds Experiencing Velocity Disturbances

This paper extends the use of velocity decomposition of underactuated mechanical systems to the design of an enhanced hybrid zero dynamics (HZD)-based controller for biped robots. To reject velocity disturbances in the unactuated degree-of-freedom, a velocity decomposition-enhanced controller implements torso and leg offsets that are proportional to the error in the time derivative of the unactuated velocity. The offsets are layered on top of an HZD-based controller to preserve simplicity of implementation. Simulation results with a point-foot, three-link planar biped show that the proposed method has nearly identical performance to transverse linearization feedback control and outperforms conventional HZD-based control. Curved feet are implemented in simulation and show that the proposed control method is valid for both point-foot and curved-foot planar bipeds. Performance of each controller is assessed by (1) the magnitude of the disturbance it can reject by numerically computing the basin of attraction, (2) the speed of return to nominal step velocity following a disturbance at every point of the gait cycle, and (3) the energetic efficiency, which is measured via the specific cost of transport. Several gaits are analyzed to demonstrate that the observed trends are consistent across different walking speeds.
Introduction to Solid State Physics

By Charles Kittel London : Chapman & Hall Ltd. New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pp. 617 + xvii. Price 96s. (Second edition.) This is a textbook for university students, covering a representative selection of aspects of the theory of the solid state. This edition is about one-half as long again as the first edition, the increased length being due partly to a fuller explanation of energy band theory, and partly to the addition of new material on alloys, semiconductors and imperfections in solids.
Vortex shedding and vorticity fluxes in the wake of cylinders within a random array

ABSTRACT This work investigates the impact of the background turbulence generated by randomly placed cylinders on the vortex shedding regime and the mechanisms associated to vorticity fluxes. The goals are achieved by exploring velocity databases acquired with a two-dimensional particle image velocimetry system in two types of turbulent flow experiments: flow around a single infinite cylinder and flow within random array of infinite cylinders. Formation lengths, power spectral density functions and vortex distributions are employed to discuss the vortex shedding regime. The effects of background turbulence and vorticity cancellation, due to opposite sign vorticity, on the vorticity fluxes are discussed. The results show that the background turbulence reduces the formation length and consequently increase the shedding frequency. The stronger decay of longitudinal vorticity flux in denser arrays is not accompanied by an increase of the lateral flux of vorticity. Furthermore, it was concluded that the decay of longitudinal vorticity flux is mainly caused by the vorticity cancellation due to the vorticity of opposite sign of close downstream cylinders.
SELF-MANAGEMENT OF LOW BACK PAIN USING THE M-HEALTH EXERCISE PROGRAM

Objective: To evaluate the effects of an exercise program (mHealth) delivered using a mobile application (APP) on pain, function, and quality of life in patients with low back pain. Methods: This was an interventional study that included 51 patients with low back pain. The participants were divided into a control group (n = 24) that did not undergo any type of intervention, and intervention group (n = 27) which completed a protocol of exercises and educational videos via APP for two months. The participants in both groups were assessed at baseline and two months later using a visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and EQ-5D questionnaire. Results: The participants in the intervention group had a significant reduction in pain with mean difference for VAS was 1.82 (95% CI: 0.96, 2.66; p = 0.0002), improved function with 5.41 for ODI (95% CI: 1.32, 9.50; p = 0.012), and quality of life with EQ-5D equal to -0.14 (95%: -0.20, -0.08; p = 0.0001) compared to the control group, which had no significant changes. Conclusion: The mHealth exercise program was effective in reducing pain and improving the function and quality of life in patients with low back pain.
Discrete fracture analysis using locally refined T‐splines

Locally refined T‐splines are used to model discrete crack propagation without a predefined interface. The crack is introduced by meshline insertions in the locally refined T‐mesh, which yields discontinuous basis functions. To implement the method in existing finite element programs, Bézier extraction is used. A detailed description is given as to how the crack path is inserted and how the domain is reparameterized after insertion. The versatility and accuracy of the approach to model discrete crack propagation without the crack path being predefined is demonstrated by two examples, namely, an L‐shaped beam and a single‐edge notched beam. When the crack approaches the physical boundaries, limitations to reparameterization arise, as will be discussed at the hand of a double‐edge notched specimen.
A simple improvement of a tip loss model for actuator disc and actuator line simulations

Abstract. The loading of a wind turbine decreases towards the blade tip due to the velocities induced by the tip vortex and due to the spanwise flow. This tip loss effect has to be taken into account when performing actuator disc simulations, where the single blades of the turbine are not modeled, and when performing actuator line simulations, where the resolution typically is not fine enough to properly resolve the tip vortex. A widely used method applies a factor on the axial and tangential loading of the turbine. This factor decreases when approaching the blade tip. It has been shown that the factor should be different for the axial and tangential loading of the turbine due to the rotation of the resulting force vector at the airfoil sections caused by the induced velocity. The present article contains the derivation of a simple correction for the tangential load factor that takes this rotation into account. The correction does not need any additional curve fitting but just depends on the local airfoil characteristics and angle of attack.
Thermal forming of substrates for the x-ray surveyor telescope

In this paper we review the progress and current status of thermal forming activities at SAO, highlighting the most relevant technical problems and the way to solve them. These activities are devoted to the realization of mirror substrates for the X-ray surveyor mission concept, an observatory with Chandra-like angular resolution and 30 times more effective area or larger. The technology under development at SAO is based on the deposition of piezoelectric material on the back of the substrates. About 8000 mirror segments, with initial quality of 10 arcseconds or better are required for the telescope.
Ordered Regressions

There are often situations where two or more regression functions are ordered over a range of covariate values. In this paper, we develop efficient constrained estimation and testing procedures for such models. Specifically, necessary and sufficient conditions for ordering generalized linear regressions are given and shown to unify previous results obtained for simple linear regression, for polynomial regression and in the analysis of covariance models. We show that estimating the parameters of ordered linear regressions requires either quadratic programming or semi‐infinite programming, depending on the shape of the covariate space. A distance‐type test for order is proposed. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed methodology improves the mean square error and power compared with the usual, unconstrained, estimation and testing procedures. Improvements are often substantial. The methodology is extended to order generalized linear models where convex semi‐infinite programming plays a role. The methodology is motivated by, and applied to, a hearing loss study.
Independent Spanning Trees with Small Stretch Factors

A pair of spanning trees rooted at a vertex "r" are independent if for every vertex "v" the pair of unique tree paths from "v" to the root "r" are disjoint. This paper presents the first analysis of the path lengths involved in independent spanning trees in 2-edge-connected and 2-vertex-connected graphs. We present upper and lower bounds on the stretch factors of pairs of independent spanning trees, where the stretch factor of a spanning tree is defined to be the maximum ratio between the length of paths in the tree to the root to the length of the shortest path in the graph to the root. We prove that if "G" is a 2-edge-connected graph with the property that every edge lies on a cycle of size at most "h", then we can construct in linear time a pair of edge-independent spanning trees whose stretch factors are bounded by O(h). In fact, we prove a more general result, namely that the stretch factor of both independent trees can be bounded by a minimax length of ears with respect to a certain class of ear decompositions of the graph. We demonstrate analogous constructions of vertex-independent spanning trees with bounded stretch factors for the class of 2-vertex-connected graphs. We show that our upper bounds are existentially optimal, that is, there are classes of graphs for which our bounds are tight. --------------------------------------- The last author would like to acknowledge the hospitality of DIMACS Center.
Subject-Verb Agreement with Conjoined NP's in the Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank

Partial and Resolved Agreement: a corpus-based approach Different languages show different means to deal with situations in which a verb or a predicate (the “target”) is required to agree with a conjoined subject phrase (the “controller”). In some languages the agreement can be triggered by only one of the multiple conjuncts (“partial agreement”, PA), while in others the agreement is controlled by the “resolved” features of the coordinated argument as a whole (“resolved agreement”, RA). Hence, in the case of agreement in number between target and controller, if the conjunction of two subjects results in singular agreement, PA is implicated; if it results in dual or plural agreement, the agreement reflects resolution (RA). The agreement of coordinated subjects with the verb is a well known issue in current syntactic research. However, no systematic treatment of this topic can be found in ancient Greek grammars. The lack of resources for quantitative approaches to such general phenomena as verb-subject agreement has been perhaps one of the causes for this absence. The Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (AGDT) of Perseus Project can now provide the dataset to start the research on resolved and partial agreement. Currently, the AGDT includes the whole text of “Iliad” and “Odissey”, along with the complete opus of Hesiod, Aeschylus and several tragedies of Sophocles. All the texts included in the corpus are syntactically annotated according to a dependency-based representation style (Bamman et al. 2009). A dependency-based representation of a sentence is a tree-graph in which each word of the sentence corresponds to one node of a tree and the nodes of the tree are connected in head-dependent fashion. In this paper, we aim at presenting a first survey of the phenomenon of resolved and partial agreement with conjoined subject phrases in Ancient Greek. We concentrate on morphological number agreement only, as complex verbal forms (i.e. those including a past participle and an auxiliary verb) are quite uncommon in our data. We will focus on the sample of 729 cases where a group of coordinated subjects is governed directly by a verb, whose different behavior in agreement can be easily studied.
Pain Prevalence and Management in a General Hospital Through Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys in 2011 and 2021

Background There is great scope for improving the quality of pain management. Although pain prevalence has been investigated in several countries, few studies have comparatively assessed changes in pain prevalence and management over a span of multiple years. Aim This work was aimed at determining the pain prevalence and evaluating the condition of pain management in a Chinese general hospital in 2021 and comparing them with corresponding data from 10 years ago. Methods Repeated single-center cross-sectional studies were initiated on June 14th, 2011, and September 2nd, 2021, in the same tertiary grade A Chinese general hospital. The same structured questionnaire was used to collect inpatient data on pain intensity and classification and pain management outcomes. We performed statistical analyses to compare categorical variables to assess changes over time. Results The sample sizes for the investigations in 2011 and 2021 were 2323 and 4454, respectively. In 2021, 24.34% of patients experienced pain; this percentage was significantly lower than that in 2011. Meanwhile, the prevalence of moderate and severe pain decreased from 14.73% in 2011 to 4.98% in 2021. The other six indicators of pain management outcomes also improved significantly. The percentages of patients using painkillers, opioid analgesics, and multiple analgesics increased from 44.61 to 51.38%, 24.01% to 44.61%, and 6.82% to 14.11%, respectively. Furthermore, the percentages of patients who received pain information and who actively reported pain increased from 27.56% to 96.5% and from 85.54% to 98.71%, respectively. The percentage of patients qualified to accurately use the Numerical Rating Scale increased from 10.5% to 79.98%. Conclusion The quality and outcomes of pain management improved greatly after the establishment and implementation of the pain management system. Nonetheless, pain of different intensities is common after major surgeries, and it is recommended that hospitals popularize and implement perioperative multimodal analgesia strategies to reduce the incidence of postoperative pain.
Algorithms and compressed data structures for information retrieval

In this thesis we address the problem of the efficiency in Information Retrieval by presenting new compressed data structures and algorithms that can be used in different application domains and achieve interesting space/time properties. We propose (i) a new variable-length encoding scheme for sequences of integers that enables fast direct access to the encoded sequence and outperforms other solutions used in practice, such as sampling methods that introduce an undesirable space and time penalty to the encoding; (ii) a new self-indexed representation of the compressed text obtained by any word-based, byte-oriented compression technique that allows for fast searches of words and phrases over the compressed text occupying the same space than the space achieved by the compressors of such type, and obtains better performance than classical inverted indexes when little space is used; and (iii) a new compact representation of Web graphs that supports efficient forward and reverse navigation over the graph using the smallest space reported in the literature, and in addition it also allows for extended functionality not usually considered in compressed graph representations. These data structures and algorithms can be used in several scenarios, and we experimentally show that they can successfully compete with other techniques commonly used in those domains.
Inverse Sigmoid-Based X-Ray Image Enhancement

Objectives: The retinex algorithm efficiently recovers image details in the dark regions. That is mainly due to the separation of illumination and reflection in images as well as the logarithm that is similar to the human vision system. However, it fails to recover details in bright regions. This paper proposes a modified approach introducing a new logarithm formula to obtain contrast improvements in both dark and bright regions. Methods/Statistical analysis: The proposed method suggests using the inverse-sigmoid function instead of the log function in the retinex processing as a tone mapping. Findings: In our experimental results on X-ray images, the comparison results clearly demonstrated that our method is superior to the conventional method in the view point of recovering bright regions. Another advantage of our method is that it can be easily extended by adopting the improved frameworks for the retinex algorithms. Improvements/Applications: The proposed method can be used for X-ray image enhancement.
Lax pair, binary Darboux transformations and dark-soliton interaction of a fifth-order defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation for the attosecond pulses in the optical fiber communication

ABSTRACT Under investigation in this paper is a fifth-order defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation for the attosecond pulses in the optical fiber communication. Lax pair, one/N-fold binary Darboux transformations and the limit forms of the one-fold binary Darboux transformation for such an equation are obtained. Based on one/N-fold binary Darboux transformations and the limit forms of the one-fold binary Darboux transformation, one- and N-dark soliton solutions are obtained. Soliton amplitude is not affected by the coefficients of the nonlinear-Schrödinger operator, Hirota operator, Lakshmanan-Porsezian-Daniel operator and quintic operator, but soliton velocity is linearly related to them. Overtaking interaction between the two solitons is illustrated. Parallel solitons are formed: soliton width and interval between the parallel solitons are decreased with the increasing value of each and every coefficient of the nonlinear-Schrödinger operator, Hirota operator, Lakshmanan-Porsezian-Daniel operator and quintic operator respectively. For the interactions among the three solitons, e.g. interaction among three overtaking solitons, and interaction between the parallel solitons and a single soliton are displayed. We find that the interactions between the two solitons and among the three solitons are elastic.
IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITIES OF UVARIA NARUM SEED OIL (UNSO).

Smitha K. Ramavarma, Ansa P. Unnikrishnan, Babu. T. Devassy and Achuthan C. Raghavamenon. Dept. of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Recognized by University of Calicut, Amala Nagar, Thrissur-680 555 Amala Nagar P.O. , Thrissur, Kerala680555. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Quantum Transport Study of Si Ultrathin-Body Double-Gate pMOSFETs: ${I}$ – ${V}$ , ${C}$ – ${V}$ , Energy Delay, and Parasitic Effects

A comprehensive quantum transport study of ultrathin-body silicon double-gate pMOSFETs with gate length ${L}_{\textsf {g}}= \textsf {14}$ , 10, and 7 nm is performed by in-house developed nonequilibrium Green’s function solver employing the six-band ${k} \cdot {p}$ Hamiltonian. The effects of channel length, body thickness, as well as confinement and transport crystal orientations are studied systematically. Both ${I}$ – ${V}$ and ${C}$ – ${V}$ characteristics are analyzed in this paper. Furthermore, the CMOS performance benchmarking results, such as switching delay, energy consumption, and their product, are calculated with the influence of parasitic resistances and capacitances treated in an appropriate way. It is found that the crystal orientation effect on drive current is significant at both long and short channel lengths, while its effect on effective capacitance is more observable at ${L}_{\textsf {g}} = \textsf {7}$ nm. The drive current at ${L}_{\textsf {g}} = \textsf {14}$ nm and ${L}_{\textsf {g}} = \textsf {7}$ nm can be well explained by average ballistic hole velocity and source-to-drain tunneling ratio, respectively. Meanwhile, the effective capacitance is not only determined by the density of states but also affected by the distribution of holes in the confined direction. Both intrinsic and extrinsic performance assessments suggest that (001)/[100] and (110)/[001] are the optimal confinement/transport crystal orientation configurations at ${L}_{\textsf {g}}= \textsf {7}$ nm, while ${(}\textsf {110}{)}/[\overline {1}\textsf {10}]$ and ${(}\textsf {110})/[\overline {1}\textsf {11}]$ are the best choices at longer gate lengths. As ${L}_{\textsf {g}}$ shrinks, both intrinsic and extrinsic performances will be better at a scaled body thickness.
Experimental Results for Multiphoton Nonlinear Photoemission Processes on Phil Test Line

One of the prerequisites for the next generation high luminosity light sources is the availability of the short electron bunches. It also has several applications in other domains, including medical diagnostics and high-resolution imaging. In principle, using photoelectric effect a short electron bunch can initially be generated by illuminating a photocathode with an ultra-short light pulse of appropriate wavelength. Strong EM fields from a RF gun or similar accelerating structures, synchronized with the incoming laser pulses, are then used to accelerate these electron bunches initially up to an energy of tens of MeV. We present our preliminary results on the experimental investigation of two-photon nonlinear photoemission processes for the generation of picosecond, low-charge electron bunches conducted at PHIL photoinjector facility. A comparison of the emission efficiency and bunch characteristics with the single photon emission process is also made.