Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Building the databases needed to understand rich, spontaneous human behaviour

One of the motives for studying faces and gestures is the role that they play in spontaneous, socially rich interaction between humans. If computers are to interact with humans in that mode (or to analyse what they are doing in it), methods of interpreting the non-verbal signals that they use are critical. It is becoming clear that developing those methods requires databases whose complexity is of a very different order from those that are standard elsewhere. Samples cannot be generated to order, because acting does not reproduce the way features are distributed in spontaneous action. Data collections need to be very large, because there are extensive situational, individual, and cultural differences. It is a very large task to provide annotations that adequately capture the meaning of facial expressions or gestures. These problems are not insoluble, but sustained and well-directed efforts are needed to solve them.
Looking at human eyes affects contralesional stimulus processing after right hemispheric stroke

Human eyes are a powerful social cue that may automatically attract the attention of an observer. Here we tested whether looking toward open human eyes, as often arises in standard clinical “confrontation” tests, may affect contralesional errors in a group of right brain–damaged patients showing visual extinction. Patients were requested to discriminate peripheral shape-targets presented on the left, right, or bilaterally. On each trial they also saw a central task-irrelevant stimulus, comprising an image of the eye sector of a human face, with those seen eyes open or closed. The conditions with central eye stimuli open (vs closed) induced more errors for contralesional peripheral targets, particularly for bilateral trials. These results suggest that seeing open eyes in central vision may attract attentional resources there, reducing attention to the periphery, particularly for the affected contralesional side. The seen gaze of the examiner may thus need to be considered during confrontation testing and may contribute to the effectiveness of that clinical procedure.
Drug‐Induced Liver Injury

ABSTRACT Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) can result from both idiosyncratic and intrinsic mechanisms. This article discusses the clinical impact of DILI from a broad range of medications as well as herbal and dietary supplements. Risk factors for idiosyncratic DILI (IDILI) are the result of multiple host, environmental, and compound factors. Some triggers of IDILI often seen in critical care include antibiotics, antiepileptic medications, statins, novel anticoagulants, proton pump inhibitors, inhaled anesthetics, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory agents, methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and azathioprine. The mechanism of IDILI due to these medications varies, and the resulting damage can be cholestatic, hepatocellular, or mixed. The primary treatment of IDILI is to discontinue the causative agent. DILI due to acetaminophen is intrinsic because the liver damage is predictably aligned with the dose ingested. Acute acetaminophen ingestion can be treated with activated charcoal or N‐acetylcysteine. Future areas of research include identification of mitochondrial stress biomarkers and of the patients at highest risk for DILI.
A 10 mW 2-channel fully integrated system-on-chip for eddy-current position sensing

The use of magnetic bearings in small and biomedical devices poses new challenges for the integration of complex embedded electronic systems. This paper describes a low-power fully integrated two-channel system-on-chip (SOC) for two-dimensional (2D) differential position sensing in magnetic bearings through pairs of eddy current sensors. It consists of a switched capacitor (SC) 312.5 kHz sine-wave generator and a two-channel data acquisition unit including a 19 dB quadruple difference instrumentation amplifier, and a demodulating 12 bit ΣΔ modulator with on-chip decimation filter and DSP-compatible serial interface. A SNDR of more than 60 dB has been achieved which corresponds to a resolution of better than 3 µm at a maximum displacement range of 3 mm. The entire system has been integrated in a standard 0.6 µm CMOS technology and consumes 10 mW at 2.7 V supply.
Iterative Algorithm for Compound Instruction Selection with Register Coalescing

A compound instruction, encoding several ALU or memory operations within an instruction word, has been regarded as an efficient way of improving performance. In the compiler for embedded processors, the code generation algorithm for compound instructions has been built by dealing mainly with instruction selection which is a crucial phase of code generation. In this paper, we propose an iterative code generation algorithm for minimizing the detrimental impact of register coalescing that is applied to the code with compound instructions generated earlier from the instruction selection phase.
Due Process in Parole-Release Decisions

In January 1961 Frank Nubin began serving an indeterminate prison sentence for assault with a deadly weapon. The California Adult Authority, an administrative agency that determines the length of the sentences for adult male felons,1 fixed Nubin's term at 7-1/2 years and released him on parole in 1965. In August 1966, however, Nubin's parole officer accused him of excessive drinking, and the Authority revoked his parole and refixed his term at 10 years, the legal maximum for the offense. One year later, the Authority again refixed Nubin's term, this time lowering it to 8 years, and re-released him on parole. On January 3, 1969, one day before Nubin's refixed term was to expire, the Authority fixed it again at 10 years, revoked his parole, and ordered him returned to prison. These decisions were fully within the Authority's power, because Nubin had been charged with another criminal assault (the charge was later dropped), thereby giving the Authority "cause" for revocation.2 But when the Authority notified Nubin of this action, a typist mistakenly reported the date of termfixing and parole revocation as January 31, 1969, instead of January 3. Since the Adult Authority loses jurisdiction over a parolee at the expiration of his term,3 and Nubin's term as first refixed expired January 4, Nubin had no difficulty persuading a judge that the Authority's
The graphical security system by using CaRP

Now a days, there are many security systems are used for different security purposes. The text based passwords are widely used for authentication in many internet applications. But the text password is insecure for a variety of reasons. For example, users tend to pick passwords that can be easily guessed. On the other hand, if a password is hard to guess, then it is often hard to remember. Due to this reasons, the graphical password is the one best alternative for text based password. In this paper Captcha technology with the graphical password is introduced which increases the security. Captcha is the Completely Automated Public Turing test which tells the Computers and Humans Apart. Captcha is an image or a program that protects websites from bots that is computer generated program. Here graphical password system is built on top of Captcha technology, which is named as Captcha as graphical passwords (CaRP). CaRP is the combination of both graphical password and Captcha. CaRP system takes the advantages of both Captcha and the graphical password. It avoids the many security problems altogether. The problems like as shoulder-surfing attacks, relay attacks, online guessing attacks, etc. CaRP also overcome the disadvantages of graphical password system. Image hotspot problem is the well-known problem in graphical password system that is avoided in CaRP system. CaRP offers reasonable security and the usability it appears to fit well with same practical applications for improving online security.
Compilation for Heterogeneous Computing: Automating Analyses, Transformations and Decisions

Hardware accelerators, such as fpga boards or gpu , are an interesting alternative or a valuable complement to classic multi-core processors for computational-intensive software. However it proves to be both costly and diﬃcult to use legacy applications with these new heterogeneous targets. In particular, existing compilers are generally targeted toward code generation for sequential processors and lack the required abstractions and transformations for automatic code generation and code re-targeting for heterogeneous targets. The goal of this article is to intro-duce a set of high-level code transformations based on an abstraction of existing hardware architectures that make it possible to build compilers speciﬁc to a target using a shared infrastructure. These transformations have been used to build two completely automatic compilers for an fpga based embedded processor and an nvidia gpu . The latter is validated on several representative digital signal processing kernels.
Correlated mutations at gp120 positions 322 and 440: Implications for gp120 structure

Analysis of V3 and C4 sequences of HIV‐1 reveals correlated mutations at gp120 positions 322 and 440, and a very strong preference for a positively charged residue at position 440 when position 322 is negatively charged. This observation suggests that these two residues are close to each other and interact electrostatically in R5 viruses. This interaction was used to model V3 in the context of gp120 using NMR data for the V3 loop and the crystal structure of the gp120‐core. The interaction between residues 322 and 440 may serve as part of the molecular switch for HIV‐1 phenotype conversion. Proteins 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor regression mechanisms by IL‐13 receptor–targeted cancer therapy involve apoptotic pathways

IL‐13 cytotoxin, composed of IL‐13 and a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin, targets IL‐13R‐overexpressing tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo. To reveal the molecular mechanism of IL‐13 cytotoxin–induced cell death in vivo, we demonstrate activation of apoptotic pathways in 2 s.c. growing human SCCHN tumor models in immunodeficient mice after i.t. administration of IL‐13 cytotoxin. Treatment of HN12 tumor bearing mice with i.p. or i.t. administration of IL‐13 cytotoxin mediated marked regression of established tumors with complete remission. Interestingly, after a single i.t. administration, IL‐13 cytotoxin disappeared within 6 hr but accumulation of caspase‐3, ‐8 and –9 and cleavage of procaspase‐3 and PARP continued within the tumors for a prolonged period. We further demonstrate that IL‐13 cytotoxin also utilizes an alternate pathway of cell death via the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol. Our results indicate that IL‐13 cytotoxin induces 2 major pathways of apoptosis, which may play a role in tumor regression. In addition, apoptotic molecules may serve as surrogate molecular markers of tumor response to IL‐13R‐directed cytotoxin therapy. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
INTEGRATION OF BUILDING KNOWLEDGE INTO BINARY SPACE PARTITIONING FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF REGULARIZED BUILDING MODELS

Recent approaches for the automatic reconstruction of 3D building models from airborne point cloud data integrate prior knowledge of roof shapes with the intention to improve the regularization of the resulting models without lessening the flexibility to generate all real-world occurring roof shapes. In this paper, we present a method to integrate building knowledge into the data-driven approach that uses binary space partitioning (BSP) for modeling the 3D building geometry. A retrospective regularization of polygons that emerge from the BSP tree is not without difficulty because it has to deal with the 2D BSP subdivision itself and the plane definitions of the resulting partition regions to ensure topological correctness. This is aggravated by the use of hyperplanes during the binary subdivision that often splits planar roof regions into several parts that are stored in different subtrees of the BSP tree. We therefore introduce the use of hyperpolylines in the generation of the BSP tree to avoid unnecessary spatial subdivisions, so that the spatial integrity of planar roof regions is better maintained. The hyperpolylines are shown to result from basic building roof knowledge that is extracted based on roof topology graphs. An adjustment of the underlying point segments ensures that the positions of the extracted hyperpolylines result in regularized 2D partitions as well as topologically correct 3D building models. The validity and limitations of the approach are demonstrated on real-world examples.
Endogenous generation and protective effects of nitro-fatty acids in a murine model of focal cardiac ischaemia and reperfusion.

AIMS Nitrated fatty acids (NO(2)-FA) have been identified as endogenous anti-inflammatory signalling mediators generated by oxidative inflammatory reactions. Herein the in vivo generation of nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO(2)) and nitro-linoleic acid (LNO(2)) was measured in a murine model of myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) and the effect of exogenous administration of OA-NO(2) on I/R injury was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS In C57/BL6 mice subjected to 30 min of coronary artery ligation, endogenous OA-NO(2) and LNO(2) formation was observed after 30 min of reperfusion, whereas no NO(2)-FA were detected in sham-operated mice and mice with myocardial infarction without reperfusion. Exogenous administration of 20 nmol/g body weight OA-NO(2) during the ischaemic episode induced profound protection against I/R injury with a 46% reduction in infarct size (normalized to area at risk) and a marked preservation of left ventricular function as assessed by transthoracic echocardiography, compared with vehicle-treated mice. Administration of OA-NO(2) inhibited activation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) in I/R tissue. Experiments using the NFkappaB inhibitor pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate also support that protection lent by OA-NO(2) was in part mediated by inhibition of NFkappaB. OA-NO(2) inhibition of NFkappaB activation was accompanied by suppression of downstream intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 expression, neutrophil infiltration, and myocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSION This study reveals the de novo generation of fatty acid nitration products in vivo and reveals the anti-inflammatory and potential therapeutic actions of OA-NO(2) in myocardial I/R injury.
On fuzzy partitions for visual texture modelling

Texture is one of the most used low-level feature for image analysis and, in addition, one of the most difficult to characterize due to its imprecision. It is usual for humans to describe visual textures according to some perceptual properties like coarseness-fineness, orientation or regularity. In this paper, we propose to model the fineness property, that is the most popular one, by means of a fuzzy partition on the domain of representative fineness measures. In our study, a wide variety of measures is studied, and the partitions are obtained by relating each measure (our reference set) with the human perception of fineness. Assessments about the perception of this property are collected from pools. This information is used to analyze the capability of each measure to discriminate different fineness categories, which imposes the number of fuzzy sets of the partition. Moreover, it is used to calculate the parameters of the membership function associated to each fuzzy set.
A METHOD FOR DEVELOPING RUBRICS FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES

Lisa Clement, Jennifer Chauvot, and Randolph PhilippSan Diego State UniversityRebecca AmbroseUniversity of California at DavisPreparation of this paper was supported by a grant (REC-9979902) from the National ScienceFoundation (NSF). The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect theviews of NSF.Citation:Clement, L. , Chauvot, J., Philipp, R. , & Ambrose, R. (2003). A method for developing rubrics forresearch purposes. In N. A. Pateman, B. J. Dougherty, & J. T. Zilliox (Eds.),
Enhanced Phytoextraction: In Search of EDTA Alternatives

ABSTRACT Enhanced phytoextraction proposes the use of soil amendments to increase the heavy-metal content of above-ground harvestable plant tissues. This study compares the effect of synthetic aminopolycarboxylic acids [ethylenediamine tetraacetatic acid (EDTA), nitriloacetic acid (NTA), and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)] with a number of biodegradable, low-molecular weight, organic acids (citric acid, ascorbic acid, oxalic acid, salicylic acid, and NH4 acetate) as potential soil amendments for enhancing phytoextraction of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Ni) by Zea mays. The treatments in this study were applied at a dose of 2 mmol/kg−1 1 d before sowing. To compare possible effects between presow and postgermination treatments, a second smaller experiment was conducted in which EDTA, citric acid, and NH4 acetate were added 10 d after germination as opposed to 1 d before sowing. The soil used in this screening was a moderately contaminated topsoil derived from a dredged sediment disposal site. This site has been in an oxidized state for more than 8 years before being used in this research. The high carbonate, high organic matter, and high clay content characteristic to this type of sediment are thought to suppress heavy-metal phytoavailability. Both EDTA and DTPA resulted in increased levels of heavy metals in the above-ground biomass. However, the observed increases in uptake were not as large as reported in the literature. Neither the NTA nor organic acid treatments had any significant effect on uptake when applied prior to sowing. This was attributed to the rapid mineralization of these substances and the relatively low doses applied. The generally low extraction observed in this experiment restricts the use of phytoextraction as an effective remediation alternative under the current conditions, with regard to amendments used, applied dose (2 mmol/kg−1 soil), application time (presow), plant species (Zea mays), and sediment (calcareous clayey soil) under study.
EVALUATION OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF EUPHORBIA NERIIFOLIA STEM BARK ON BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS, SERUM AND TISSUE LIPIDS IN A PRECLINICAL MODEL

The present study is undertaken to evaluate the effect of Euphorbia neriifolia stem bark on blood glucose and lipid levels in experimental diabetic rats. Methanolic extract of Euphorbia neriifolia stem bark (MEEN) was administered at different doses and its effect on blood glucose, haemoglobin, serum and tissue lipids, hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase in streptozotocininduced diabetic rats were studied. Glibenclamide was used as standard reference drug. Euphorbia neriifolia Methanolic extract (MEEN), at doses of 100,200 and 400mg/kg body weight for 30 days, suppressed the elevated blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetic rats. Euphorbia neriifolia at 400mg/kg was found to be comparable to glibenclamide. The study indicates that the Euphorbia neriifolia possess antihyperlipidaemic effect as well as antidiabetic activity.
An Event-Based Reasoning Approach to Web Services Monitoring

In this paper, we propose an event-based framework that allows to specify and reason about the monitoring properties during composition process execution. The proposed approach is highly expressive and allows to specify monitoring properties that can be based on either functional or non-functional requirements, allows multi-level detection of any violation, allows to calculate effects of any such violation on the overall process execution and to recover from it using a set of recovery actions. The choice of a reasoning based approach allows to foresee the effects of violations and respects any functional and non-functional constraints associated with the process, when performing recovery. In addition, as the approach builds upon an event-based declarative framework called DISC, it results in an integrated approach as both composition design and monitoring framework are event-based.
Fast image mosaicing using incremental bags of binary words

Image mosaicing has gained increasing attention in the last few years, specially for robotic mapping applications. Due to the richness of the sensor data provided, several science fields require the creation of large-area image mosaics for further analysis. In this paper, we propose a novel and generic image mosaicing approach that can produce seamless composites under different configurations in a reasonable amount of time. Our approach is based on a multi-threaded architecture which allows us to execute the different steps of the algorithm simultaneously. To find the topology of the environment, we use a visual index based on a Bag-of-Binary-Words scheme, which is built in an online manner, and thus avoids the classic training step. Our approach is validated under different environments and camera configurations, showing that it can be used on several scenarios producing coherent results in all of them. Furthermore, the implementation of the algorithm is made public to the community.
KNOX Protein OSH15 Induces Grain Shattering by Repressing Lignin Biosynthesis Genes1[OPEN]

Major domestication factors for grain shattering in rice, qSH1 and SH5, interact with binding partner OSH15 KNOX protein to control abscission zone development and repress lignin biosynthesis. Seed shattering is an agronomically important trait. Two major domestication factors are responsible for this: qSH1 and SH5. Whereas qSH1 functions in cell differentiation in the abscission zone (AZ), a major role of SH5 is the repression of lignin deposition. We have determined that a KNOX protein, OSH15, also controls seed shattering. Knockdown mutations of OSH15 showed reduced seed-shattering phenotypes. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that OSH15 interacts with SH5 and qSH1, two proteins in the BELL homeobox family. In transgenic plants carrying the OSH15 promoter-GUS reporter construct, the reporter gene was preferentially expressed in the AZ during young spikelet development. The RNA in situ hybridization experiment also showed that OSH15 messenger RNAs were abundant in the AZ during spikelet development. Analyses of osh15 SH5-D double mutants showed that SH5 could not increase the degree of seed shattering when OSH15 was absent, indicating that SH5 functions together with OSH15. In addition to the seed-shattering phenotype, osh15 mutants displayed dwarfism and accumulated a higher amount of lignin in internodes due to increased expression of the genes involved in lignin biosynthesis. Knockout mutations of CAD2, which encodes an enzyme for the last step in the monolignol biosynthesis pathway, caused an easy seed-shattering phenotype by reducing lignin deposition in the AZ. This indicated that the lignin level is an important determinant of seed shattering in rice (Oryza sativa). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that both OSH15 and SH5 interact directly with CAD2 chromatin. We conclude that OSH15 and SH5 form a dimer that enhances seed shattering by directly inhibiting lignin biosynthesis genes.