Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A convergence proof of the split Bregman method for regularized least-squares problems

The split Bregman (SB) method [T. Goldstein and S. Osher, SIAM J. Imaging Sci., 2 (2009), pp. 323-43] is a fast splitting-based algorithm that solves image reconstruction problems with general l1, e.g., total-variation (TV) and compressed sensing (CS), regularizations by introducing a single variable split to decouple the data-fitting term and the regularization term, yielding simple subproblems that are separable (or partially separable) and easy to minimize. Several convergence proofs have been proposed, and these proofs either impose a "full column rank" assumption to the split or assume exact updates in all subproblems. However, these assumptions are impractical in many applications such as the X-ray computed tomography (CT) image reconstructions, where the inner least-squares problem usually cannot be solved efficiently due to the highly shift-variant Hessian. In this paper, we show that when the data-fitting term is quadratic, the SB method is a convergent alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), and a straightforward convergence proof with inexact updates is given using [J. Eckstein and D. P. Bertsekas, Mathematical Programming, 55 (1992), pp. 293-318, Theorem 8]. Furthermore, since the SB method is just a special case of an ADMM algorithm, it seems likely that the ADMM algorithm will be faster than the SB method if the augmented Largangian (AL) penalty parameters are selected appropriately. To have a concrete example, we conduct a convergence rate analysis of the ADMM algorithm using two splits for image restoration problems with quadratic data-fitting term and regularization term. According to our analysis, we can show that the two-split ADMM algorithm can be faster than the SB method if the AL penalty parameter of the SB method is suboptimal. Numerical experiments were conducted to verify our analysis.
Left Atrial Mechanical Function and Global Strain in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Background Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia and is associated with adverse outcomes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Although left atrial (LA) remodeling and dysfunction are known to associate with the development of atrial fibrillation in HCM, the changes of the LA in HCM patients remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in LA size and mechanical function in HCM patients compared to control subjects and to determine the characteristics of HCM associated with LA remodeling and dysfunction. Methods Seventy-nine HCM patients (mean age, 54 ± 11 years; 76% were men) were compared to 79 age- and sex-matched controls (mean age, 54 ± 11 years; 76% were men) and 20 young healthy controls (mean age, 33 ± 5 years; 45% were men). The LA diameter, volume, and mechanical function, including global strain (ε), were evaluated by 2D-speckle tracking echocardiography. The phenotype of HCM, maximal left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, LV mass, and presence and extent of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) were evaluated with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Results HCM patients showed increased LA volume index, impaired reservoir function, and decreased LA ε compared to the control subjects. When we divided the HCM group according to a maximal LA volume index (LAVImax) of 38.7 ml/m2 or LA ε of 21%, no significant differences in the HCM phenotype and maximal LV wall thickness were observed for patients with LAVImax >38.7 ml/m2 or LA ε ≤21%. Conversely, the LV mass index was significantly higher both in patients with maximal LA volume index >38.7 ml/m2 and with LA ε ≤21% and was independently associated with LAVImax and LA ε. Although the LGE extent was increased in patients with LA ε ≤21%, it was not independently associated with either LAVImax or LA ε. Conclusions HCM patients showed progressed LA remodeling and dysfunction; the determinant of LA remodeling and dysfunction was LV mass index rather than LV myocardial fibrosis by LGE-magnetic resonance imaging.
The interaction of executive functioning and emotional processing, as measured electrophysiologically

ii Overview . 1 Emotion and Electrophysiology . 1 Interactions between Emotions and Cognitive Processes . 2 Aims and Task Development . 6 Hypotheses . 7 Method . 9 Participants . 9 Electrophysiological Recordings . 9 Procedure . 9 Results . 11 EEG Analysis . 11 Behavioral Data . 12 Discussion . 14 Emotion and Electrophysiology . 14 Emotion and Working Memory . 15 Tables . 21 Figures.24 References . 29
Psychosocial Predictors of Resilience in a Military Sample

Predictors of resilience, specifically optimism, social support, coping self-efficacy, and physical activity were explored in a sample of United States Army Active Duty service members and Veterans (N = 302). The participants were a predominantly white (86%) sample of 191 males and 111 females, age 19 to 74 (M= 39.94, SD= 10.31). A cross-sectional survey design was used to identify predictors of resilience, examine differences in resilience based on demographic factors, and differences in resilience scores between those who had and had not completed resilience training. Regression analyses revealed that optimism and self-efficacy were significant predictors of resilience, [F(5, 287) = 76.90, p = . 00] and accounted for 57.7 % of the variation in resilience, while controlling for gender, education, and participation in resilience training. Male participants reported statistically significantly higher resilience scores (M = 32.13, SD = 6.31), than female participants (M = 30.11, SD = 5.86), t(308) = 2.78, p = . 006), age was not a significant predictor, education had a slightly significant relationship with resilience [=0.20 , 95% CI (.40, 1.41), t=3.52, p = . 001]. Participants who reported completing resilience training scored higher on resilience than those who reported not having completed the training. These findings carry strong support and additional considerations for existing resilience training efforts. The research supports the notion that resilience can be developed and this could happen through identifying paths to an optimistic mindset and supporting internal (visualization, meditation, problem-solving, self-talk) and external (unit support, recreational activities, friends and family) resources.
Government-Sponsored Bursaries: Examining Financial Support for Residents to Study at Home

This study examines the George Coles bursary program—a financial aid plan designed to “keep residents at home” so they can attend university, by providing a bursary in their first year of university following high school graduation. The study offers insight into higher education students’ financial circumstances, thereby suggesting policy direction for governments and higher education institutions wishing to retain talent and support student financing. The findings show that the resident students considered in the study appeared to value the bursary. However, none of the key metrics related to participation in or conversion to the home institution indicated that the bursary impacted enrolment or participation. This research highlights the importance of utilizing financial aid in combination with other policies to help students access higher education.
Information Retrieval Based on Extraction of Domain Specific Significant Keywords and Other Relevant Phrases from a Conceptual Semantic Network Structure

This paper presents a functional approach towards the problem domain of Information Retrieval System built upon a narration based search text. The presented system retrieves documents from the background collection by extracting the domain specific significant keywords and other relevant phrases from a given narrative search text. The narrative search text can be a description or scenario which poses a great difficulty in the problem domain to retrieve the relevant document sets with efficiency and accuracy from the background data repository. We have adopted a different approach where the significant keywords are extracted from the narration text to form a search query and alternative sets of queries are also formulated by expanding the search query from a Conceptual Semantic Network built for the purpose. Inclusion of the Conceptual Semantic Network and WordNet synonym sets for the search query expansion plays an important role in the retrieval mechanism. Experiments were carried out on the data sets from the Ad-hoc task of ‘Forum for Information Retrieval Evaluation, 2013’. The background data set contained a huge number of legal documents consisting of data over 3 GB and was divided into two domains such as ‘Consumer Law’ and ‘Hindu Marriage & Divorce Law’. For the search queries, a set of scenarios in the form of narrative text were provided. The system was required to perform an analysis of the search text and retrieve a set of top 1000 legal documents for each of the queries from the background collection which may be relevant to the situation described in the narration of the search text.
Anomaly Detection based on Probabilistic Properties of Hidden Markov Models

Due to increasing use of the Internet, there is a trend of increasing attacks over networks. Therefore, we have need of study for network anomaly detection and measurement scheme to network state. In this research, we propose a scheme for anomaly detection based on the traffic behavior of Hidden Markov Models. The proposed scheme detects anomalies in traffic using a time series. We decide whether or not anomaly detection is a network anomaly via an anomaly decision process using Hidden Markov Models. These processes are implemented in the Perl programming language, and decisions are made using a real-world trace containing de facto attacks. Despite the fact that the results are not clear-cut, we conclude that this does not invalidate this study, because this result is caused by an insufficient learning process using real-world traffic. On the contrary, assuming real-world states, increases the ability to detect and make decisions about attacks, because the manager is involved in decisions about access or application. We expect that this research will be applicable for determining real-time states of networks, detection and classification of new types of attack from networks.
Dipper: A Data Integration with Privacy Protection Environment

We have developed Dipper, a data integration with privacy protection environment, aiming to tackle the following challenges. Firstly, records can be matched albeit typographical differences between their attribute values. Secondly, they can be matched albeit some attribute values being suppressed to protect the privacy of an individual. Dipper enables data providers to suppress sensitive attributes before exporting their data sets. It then integrates the data sets based on matching rules specified by the users. Its simple graphical user interfaces (GUIs) guide the users through a few easy steps to complete their tasks.
Identification of In-Home Appliances through Analysis of Current Consumption

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) has been being the method to estimate and disaggregate information about the power consumption of individual electric appliances in a building or home by aggregate measurements of voltage and current. The power consumption plays a key component in the NILM system to monitor, and reduces the overall energy consumption in home or building. This paper proposes a method to extract the characteristic fingerprint of root-mean-square (RMS) current consumption of household appliances and discusses the feasibility of the classifying as well as identifying the household appliance with the expert system. The proposed system consists of two main parts, including an integrated circuit for measuring the RMS current consumption in real-time, and analysis toolkit with data acquisition for gathering the raw data and extracting current profile. Furthermore, the measurement methodology and simple algorithm for identifying the appliance type are validated through the experimental results.
Functional neuroimaging provides evidence of anomalous cerebral laterality in adults with Klinefelter's syndrome

This study aimed to characterize cerebral perfusion in men with Klinefelter's syndrome, known to present specific deficits in language, using 99mTc‐ hexamethylpropylene‐amine‐oxime scintigraphy and Talairach normalization. While a perfusion asymmetry toward the left hemisphere was found in controls, perfusion was mostly symmetrical in Klinefelter patients in the upper temporal and lower parietal areas. Scores on verbal tests were inversely correlated with perfusion changes, providing neurobiological substrate of anomalous cerebral laterality.
Between theory and practice: bridging concepts in HCI research

We present the notion of "bridging concepts" as a particular form of intermediary knowledge in HCI research, residing between theory and practice. We argue that bridging concepts address the challenge of facilitating exchange between theory and practice in HCI, and we compare it to other intermediary forms of knowledge such as strong concepts and conceptual constructs. We propose that bridging concepts have three defining constituents: a theoretical foundation, a set of design articulations and a range of exemplars that demonstrate the scope and potential of their application. These constituents specify how bridging concepts, as a form of knowledge, are accountable to both theory and practice. We present an analysis of the concept of "peepholes" as an example of a bridging concept aimed at spurring user curiosity and engagement.
following allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation Mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphisms are associated with major

http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/content/99/10/3524.full. html Updated information and services can be found at: (1844 articles) Transplantation  (3667 articles) Clinical Trials and Observations  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following Blood collections http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#repub_requests Information about reproducing this article in parts or in its entirety may be found online at: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#reprints Information about ordering reprints may be found online at: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/subscriptions/index.xhtml Information about subscriptions and ASH membership may be found online at:
Steady State Membrane Potential and Sodium Current Changes during High Frequency Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Nerve injuries found in previous studies need to be explained with appropriate simulation studies. This study employed an axonal model based on the Frankenhaeuser-Huxley (FH) equations to investigate the changes of membrane potentials and sodium currents during high frequency (HF) electrical stimulation. The HF electrical stimulation induced continuously changing high-amplitude membrane responses different from the normal action potentials (APs). The phenomena of steady state depolarization and hyper polarization were observed at relatively low (1 kHz) and high (10 kHz) frequency HF currents respectively, for which overall inward and outward sodium fluxes occurred. Although only inward sodium flux occurred at low amplitude (1 mA) HF current, both inward and outward sodium fluxes were observed at high amplitude (5 mA) HF current. Higher frequencies (10 kHz) of HF currents caused more inward sodium fluxes and had bigger inward-to-outward ratio values. The results suggested the existence of an optimal HF frequency for HF electrical nerve stimulation. Successful verification of this would promote the design of safe HF electrical nerve stimulation protocols.
Realizing Reason: A Narrative of Truth and Knowing

This substantial book is a highly original and thorough work of synthetic first philosophy. Although it has some recognizable roots in the Kantian/Sellarsian tradition of the Pittsburgh school, it adds a wealth of precise discussion of examples from science and mathematics, made possible by Danielle Macbeth's dual training in arts and sciences. It presents a developmental story of human reason bootstrapping itself towards greater power and clarity through the Western tradition (which is the sole purview of the discussion). This development is divided into three distinct stages, which might be summarized very roughly as knowledge of: i) Objects, ii) Concepts applied to Objects and iii) Concepts alone. A fuller explication of these stages now follows.
Theory on the mechanism of rapid binding of transcription factor proteins at specific-sites on DNA

We develop revised theoretical ideas on the mechanism by which the transcription factor proteins locate their specific binding sites on DNA faster than the three-dimensional (3D) diffusion controlled rate limit. We demonstrate that the 3D-diffusion controlled rate limit can be enhanced when the protein molecule reads several possible binding stretches of the template DNA via one-dimensional (1D) diffusion upon each 3D-diffusion mediated collision or nonspecific binding event. The overall enhancement of site-specific association rate is directly proportional to the maximum possible sliding length (LA, square root of (6Do/kr) where Do is the 1D-diffusion coefficient and kr is the dissociation rate constant associated with the nonspecific DNA-protein complex) associated with the 1D-diffusion of protein molecule along DNA. Upon considering several possible mechanisms we find that the DNA binding proteins can efficiently locate their cognate sites on DNA by switching across fast-moving, slow-moving and reading states of their DNA binding domains in a cyclic manner. Irrespective of the type of mechanism the overall rate enhancement factor asymptotically approaches a limiting value which is directly proportional to LA as the total length of DNA that contains the cognate site increases. These results are consistent with the in vitro experimental observations.
Anthropometrical profile and bio-motor abilities of young elite wrestlers

Цель : В этом исследовании изучалась связь между двигательной активностью и соматическим типом, антропометрическим профилем, составом тела, физиологическим и физическим профилем молодых борцов. Материал : в исследовании принимали участие 16 молодых борцов в возрасте 16-19 лет. Спортсмены имели 4-летний опыт участия в национальных чемпионатах. После стандартных процедур в центре тестирования провинции Алборз были проведены тесты для определения аэробной мощности, мышечной выносливости, гибкости и скорости, ловкости, силы верхней и нижней части тела участников. Кроме того, измеряли рост, вес, обхват бедра, локтя, голени, руки и толщину кожного покрова. Результаты : рассчитывались тип телосложения, поведенческие установки, соотношение веса и роста в соответствии с рекомендациями. Процентное содержание жировой ткани составило 10.90 ± 1.64, 43.27 ± 0,87 и 0,94 ± 0,87 соответственно. Стандартное отклонение и среднее по типу телосложения относительно эндоморфных, мезоморфных и эктоморфных компонентов были в пределах 2,16 ± 0,46, 5,20 ± 0,77 и 2,88 ± 0,64 соответственно. Физиологически борцы имели VO2max (кг / мин) 49,31 ± 4,22 и их частота сердечных сокращений была в пределах 68,31 ± 6,64. Выводы : результаты показали, что тип телосложения, эндоморфные, мезоморфные и эктоморфные компоненты были одинаковыми. В результате, тренеры могут планировать учебные программы и иметь обзор соответствующих методик на основе антропометрических и физиологических данных, исходя из спортивных выступлений борцов. Кроме того, борцы могут быть хорошо информированы об их особенностях выполнения. Кроме того, вышеупомянутая информация может быть полезной для борцовских федераций и всех других организаций, вносящих вклад в спортивную борьбу при проведении программ отбора талантов и выявления перспективных молодых борцов.
Final Project A Public-Key Authentication Scheme for Controller Area Networks

Recent advances in in-vehicle technology have led to new systems being developed to control vehicles. The modern approach is to control the different systems within a vehicle using tens of electronic control units (ECUs). These ECUs are clustered into networks with gateways in between. A number of standards are used for communication within these standards and between them, but the most popular and the standard we will explore in this paper is the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus standard. Most of these networks, including CAN, were designed to prioritize reliability and safety over security. Security was not a large concern mainly because there was never any clear evidence whether the security of such a system could even be compromised. However, recent experiments have demonstrated practical attacks on some of the different systems within the car, including the ECUs controlling the engine, brakes, lighting, and climate control lighting. This means an adversary could take control of some of these systems and possibly harm the passengers inside the vehicle. Because of this, security is now a large concern for these networks and will become even greater as networked vehicles become more common. In this paper, we propose and implement a mixed public-key/shared-key authentication scheme for CAN and examine the advantages and disadvantages of implementing such a scheme.
Analysis of the BitTorrent Protocol Modified with Fountain Code

Peer to Peer (P2P) computer networks rely on direct connections between participants instead of conventional centralized resources. These networks are useful for many purposes, but the killer application nowadays is file sharing. BitTorrent is a very popular protocol for this matter. In this paper, we use a multi-agent model of a BitTorrent network. In it, each BitTorrent client is an agent that interacts with other agents and reacts autonomously, following the same decision algorithms as real clients. Their goals are downloading contents in the shortest possible time and sharing them with other agents. The use of this multi-agent model allows us to introduce modifications to the protocol. We have modified this model to use fountain codes, also known as rate less erasure codes, a class of codes in which the original source symbols can be recovered from any subset of the encoding symbols. We evaluated how BitTorrent performs using these codes and compared with its normal behavior.
Structural Adjustment, Ownership Transformation, and Size in Polish Industry

The authors argue that significant adjustment took place in Polish industry after Poland's 1990 reforms. They analyze data on two- and three-digit manufacturing industries, disaggregated by firm ownership and size. By applying a statistical model to labor productivity growth, they try to disentangle structural determinants of the recovery from cyclical determinants. They contend that structural determinants outweigh cyclical ones. They find that the productive response of state enterprises was markedly different from that of private firms--private firms outperformed state enterprises (just as anecdotal evidence suggested). Size also matters, at least among private firms. Generally, there seem to be increasing returns to scale for private firms, except for very large enterprises (many of which were previously state-owned and may need further restructuring). The fact that size does not appear to matter among public enterprises suggests that several of them have not yet adopted optimal technologies and production processes.