Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health Marketing for the Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Study: A Case Study

Introduction. This case study describes the Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Study (MA-CORD) health marketing campaign, examines the strategies used in such campaigns, and offers lessons learned to improve health marketing for future interventions. MA-CORD Health Marketing Components and Implementation. The three main components were an outdoor printed advertisement and texting campaign, social media with a focus on Facebook, and the Summer Passport Program, an event-based initiative in parks for children. The advertisements consisted of billboards, bus advertisements, and handouts. The text messaging component, which required families to actively text a keyword to join, had a low opt-in rate. Facebook page “likes” increased from 1,024 to 1,453 in New Bedford and from 175 to 1,091 in Fitchburg. Fitchburg received technical assistance and paid for ads on Facebook. The Summer Passport participation in parks ranged from 120 to 875 children with participation in the free park lunch program doubling in Fitchburg. Discussion. Key lessons learned are engage communication experts from each community at the beginning of the project, use text messaging components with in-person staff onsite to assist participants in the opt-in process, build momentum for a Facebook presence through purchasing Facebook advertisements, and partner with local park departments for programming.
First Do No Harm: Intrapartum Calcium Loading During Oxytocic Induction of Labor

First Do No Harm: Intrapartum Calcium Loading During Oxytocic Induction of Labor Pregnancy advancing beyond 40 completed weeks is associated with increased physical risk to both mother and fetus that increases concurrently with gestation. The recommended management for pregnancies approaching 42 weeks is a post-dates induction of labour. While induction often involves several stages, the majority of women are ultimately subject to exogenous oxytocin administration.
Solid State Impact Welds Between Dissimilar Metals Utilizing Vaporizing Foil Actuators: A Microstructural Evaluation

This work aims to study the effect of microstructures of collision welds between various dissimilar metals on the mechanical properties of the weld. In this work, welding between the aluminum-copper, copper-titanium, aluminum-magnesium, titanium-steel, and copper-steel was attempted, and the weld interfaces were examined using optical and electron microscopy. Instrumented peel tests were performed for a qualitative correlation of weld strengths and weld interface microstructure.
Dietary DHA and health: cognitive function ageing

Abstract DHA is a key nutritional n-3 PUFA and needs to be supplied by the human diet. DHA is found in significant amounts in the retinal and neuronal cell membranes due to its high fluidity. Indeed, DHA is selectively concentrated in the synaptic and retinal membranes. DHA is deemed to display anti-inflammatory properties and to reduce the risk of CVD. Consumption of larger amounts of DHA appears to reduce the risk of depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and mood disorders. Conversely, it has been shown that loss of DHA from the nerve cell membrane leads to dysfunction of the central nervous system in the form of anxiety, irritability, susceptibility to stress, dyslexia, impaired memory and cognitive functions, and extended reaction times. DHA plays an important role in ensuring a healthy ageing, by thwarting macular degeneration, Alzheimer’s disease, and other brain disorders at the same time as enhancing memory and strengthening neuroprotection in general. A reduced level of DHA is associated with cognitive decline during ageing. Different mechanisms for this fundamental DHA role have been put forward. Namely, neuroprotectin D1, a DHA derivative, may support brain cell survival and repair through neurotrophic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory signalling. Many of the effects of DHA on the neurological system may be related to signalling connections, thus leading to the study of the related signalolipidomics. Therefore, the present review will focus on the influence of DHA deficiency upon ageing, with specific emphasis upon neurological disorders related to cognitive function and mental health.
The Rapid Escalation of Fentanyl in Illicit Drug Evidence in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 2010-2016

Opioid overdose deaths in the United States quadrupled from 1999 (n = 8050 deaths) to 2015 (n = 33 091 deaths), and the number of deaths associated with synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl, increased from 3105 deaths in 2013 to nearly 20 000 deaths in 2016. Given this rapid increase, timely surveillance for drugs in circulation is crucial. However, current surveillance systems used to track drug overdoses do not detect new drugs in circulation quickly. We studied the change in the presence of fentanyl in “stamp bag” drug evidence in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, from 2010 through 2016. Stamp bags are small wax packets with individual stamps that contain mixtures of drugs, most commonly heroin, that law enforcement officers seize and retain as legal evidence. The proportion of stamp bags determined to contain fentanyl or a fentanyl analog was 2.1% in 2014 and rose sharply to 17.1% in 2016. Monitoring the chemical makeup of drug evidence items could help public health authorities identify drug use trends in their jurisdictions.
Experimental Research on Nanostructure Fabricated by AFM Probe Combining with a CW Laser

Although the nanostructure machining by AFM probe assisted with laser has gain a great progress, few studies has been done on the optical fiber probe guiding the continuous laser to irradiate on AFM probe to machining nanostructure. Using this technology to create nanodot and nano-groove was presented in this paper. The law of how the experiment parameters influenced the results was summarized in the paper. The scale of nanodot is about 450nm, and nano-groove is about 40nm. When the fabrication is completed, the wear of the AFM probe was observed by SEM and drew a conclusion. In the method of nano machining by AFM Probe combining with a CW Laser, there will be a combined field to achieve the fabrication, and the method is better than mechanical characterization with AFM probe.
The Role of Steady Phosphodiesterase Activity in the Kinetics and Sensitivity of the Light-Adapted Salamander Rod Photoresponse

We investigated the kinetics and sensitivity of photocurrent responses of salamander rods, both in darkness and during adaptation to steady backgrounds producing 20–3,000 photoisomerizations per second, using suction pipet recordings. The most intense backgrounds suppressed 80% of the circulating dark current and decreased the flash sensitivity ∼30-fold. To investigate the underlying transduction mechanism, we expressed the responses as a fraction of the steady level of cGMP-activated current recorded in the background. The fractional responses to flashes of any fixed intensity began rising along a common trajectory, regardless of background intensity. We interpret these invariant initial trajectories to indicate that, at these background intensities, light adaptation does not alter the gain of any of the amplifying steps of phototransduction. For subsaturating flashes of fixed intensity, the fractional responses obtained on backgrounds of different intensity were found to “peel off” from their common initial trajectory in a background-dependent manner: the more intense the background, the earlier the time of peeling off. This behavior is consistent with a background-induced reduction in the effective lifetime of at least one of the three major integrating steps in phototransduction; i.e., an acceleration of one or more of the following: (1) the inactivation of activated rhodopsin (R*); (2) the inactivation of activated phosphodiesterase (E*, representing the complex Gα–PDE of phosphodiesterase with the transducin α-subunit); or (3) the hydrolysis of cGMP, with rate constant β. Our measurements show that, over the range of background intensities we used, β increased on average to ∼20 times its dark-adapted value; and our theoretical analysis indicates that this increase in β is the primary mechanism underlying the measured shortening of time-to-peak of the dim-flash response and the decrease in sensitivity of the fractional response.
Access Neonatal Sepsis : An Update

Sepsis is the most common cause of neonatal mortality. As per National Neonatal-Perinatal Database (NNPD), 2002-2003, the incidence of neonatal sepsis in India was 30 per 1000 live births. Signs and symptoms of sepsis are nonspecific; therefore empirical antimicrobial therapy is promptly initiated after obtaining appropriate cultures. The early manifestations of neonatal sepsis are vague and ill-defined. Novel approaches in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis include heart rate analysis on ECG, and colorimetric analysis of skin color. Although blood culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of sepsis, culture reports are available only after 48-72 hours. In this era of multidrug resistance, it is mandatory to avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics to treat non-infected infants. Thus, rapid diagnostic test(s) that include Interleukien-6 (IL-6), neutrophil CD64 index, procalcitonin and nucleated RBC count– and differentiate the infected infants from the non-infected, particularly in the early neonatal period– have the potential to make a significant impact on neonatal care. The aim of this review is to specify the diagnostic criteria, treatment guidelines, and a summary of recent diagnostic tests of sepsis, along with the preventive measures.
Correspondence-Free Activity Analysis and Scene Modeling in Multiple Camera Views

We propose a novel approach for activity analysis in multiple synchronized but uncalibrated static camera views. In this paper, we refer to activities as motion patterns of objects, which correspond to paths in far-field scenes. We assume that the topology of cameras is unknown and quite arbitrary, the fields of views covered by these cameras may have no overlap or any amount of overlap, and objects may move on different ground planes. Using low-level cues, objects are first tracked in each camera view independently, and the positions and velocities of objects along trajectories are computed as features. Under a probabilistic model, our approach jointly learns the distribution of an activity in the feature spaces of different camera views. Then, it accomplishes the following tasks: 1) grouping trajectories, which belong to the same activity but may be in different camera views, into one cluster; 2) modeling paths commonly taken by objects across multiple camera views; and 3) detecting abnormal activities. Advantages of this approach are that it does not require first solving the challenging correspondence problem, and that learning is unsupervised. Even though correspondence is not a prerequisite, after the models of activities have been learned, they can help to solve the correspondence problem, since if two trajectories in different camera views belong to the same activity, they are likely to correspond to the same object. Our approach is evaluated on a simulated data set and two very large real data sets, which have 22,951 and 14,985 trajectories, respectively.
An umbrella review of clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with hip fractures and a synthesis of recommendations for the pre‐operative period

AIM The aim of this review was to locate, retrieve and critically appraise practice guidelines for the management of hip fractures. Given increasing evidence that the early recognition and management of these fractures is integral to achieving optimal outcomes, recommendations for the pre-operative period were synthesized and compared. BACKGROUND Hip fractures are associated with high rates of adverse outcomes and high healthcare costs which has resulted in the development of multiple practice guidelines to inform clinical decision-making. DESIGN An umbrella review of practice guidelines was conducted which included a critical appraisal using the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation-II instrument and a synthesis of pre-operative management recommendations. DATA SOURCES Multi-phased search for practice guidelines published in English using three bibliographic databases; three guideline network websites and three healthcare safety and quality organization websites with no date limit applied. Search was supplemented by contacting front-line knowledge users and content experts. REVIEW METHODS Steps for evidence-informed practice were followed: form question then search for, appraise and synthesize the evidence. RESULTS Five practice guidelines were appraised revealing significant variability in quality. The largest variability was in "rigour of development". Recommendations for pre-operative management were grouped into six categories: timing of surgery, expedited patient management, identification and treatment of correctable co-morbidities, pain management, preventative measures and multidisciplinary management. CONCLUSION Results of this review illustrate that not all practice guidelines are of equal quality. Given the costs associated with the development and maintenance of high-quality practice guidelines, such work may be more efficiently completed through international collaborations and then adapted for national and regional healthcare contexts.
Postoperative pain management in the postanesthesia care unit: an update

Acute postoperative pain remains a major problem, resulting in multiple undesirable outcomes if inadequately controlled. Most surgical patients spend their immediate postoperative period in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), where pain management, being unsatisfactory and requiring improvements, affects further recovery. Recent studies on postoperative pain management in the PACU were reviewed for the advances in assessments and treatments. More objective assessments of pain being independent of patients’ participation may be potentially appropriate in the PACU, including photoplethysmography-derived parameters, analgesia nociception index, skin conductance, and pupillometry, although further studies are needed to confirm their utilities. Multimodal analgesia with different analgesics and techniques has been widely used. With theoretical basis of preventing central sensitization, preventive analgesia is increasingly common. New opioids are being developed with minimization of adverse effects of traditional opioids. More intravenous nonopioid analgesics and adjuncts (such as dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone) are introduced for their opioid-sparing effects. Current evidence suggests that regional analgesic techniques are effective in the reduction of pain and stay in the PACU. Being available alternatives to epidural analgesia, perineural techniques and infiltrative techniques including wound infiltration, transversus abdominis plane block, local infiltration analgesia, and intraperitoneal administration have played a more important role for their effectiveness and safety.
Marked dissociation between high noradrenaline versus low noradrenaline transporter levels in human nucleus accumbens

We recently identified a noradrenaline‐rich caudomedial subdivision of the human nucleus accumbens (NACS), implying a special function for noradrenaline in this basal forebrain area involved in motivation and reward. To establish whether the NACS, as would be expected, contains similarly high levels of other noradrenergic markers, we measured dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase (DBH) and noradrenaline transporter in the accumbens and, for comparison, in 23 other brain regions in autopsied human brains by immunoblotting. Although the caudomedial NACS had high DBH levels similar to those in other noradrenaline‐rich areas, the noradrenaline transporter concentration was low (only 11% of that in hypothalamus). Within the accumbens, transporter concentration in the caudal portion was only slightly (by 30%) higher than that in the rostral subdivisions despite sharply increasing rostrocaudal gradients of noradrenaline (15‐fold) and DBH. In contrast, the rostrocaudal gradient in the accumbens for the serotonin transporter and serotonin were similar (2‐fold increase). The caudomedial NACS thus appears to represent the only instance in human brain having a striking mismatch in high levels of a monoamine neurotransmitter versus low levels of its uptake transporter. This suggests that noradrenaline signalling is much less spatially and temporally restricted in the caudomedial accumbens than in other noradrenaline‐rich brain areas.
The systematic position of the enigmatic thyreophoran dinosaur Paranthodon africanus, and the use of basal exemplifiers in phylogenetic analysis

The first African dinosaur to be discovered, Paranthodon africanus was found in 1845 in the Lower Cretaceous of South Africa. Taxonomically assigned to numerous groups since discovery, in 1981 it was described as a stegosaur, a group of armoured ornithischian dinosaurs characterised by bizarre plates and spines extending from the neck to the tail. This assignment has been subsequently accepted. The type material consists of a premaxilla, maxilla, a nasal, and a vertebra, and contains no synapomorphies of Stegosauria. Several features of the maxilla and dentition are reminiscent of Ankylosauria, the sister-taxon to Stegosauria, and the premaxilla appears superficially similar to that of some ornithopods. The vertebral material has never been described, and since the last description of the specimen, there have been numerous discoveries of thyreophoran material potentially pertinent to establishing the taxonomic assignment of the specimen. An investigation of the taxonomic and systematic position of Paranthodon is therefore warranted. This study provides a detailed re-description, including the first description of the vertebra. Numerous phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that the systematic position of Paranthodon is highly labile and subject to change depending on which exemplifier for the clade Stegosauria is used. The results indicate that the use of a basal exemplifier may not result in the correct phylogenetic position of a taxon being recovered if the taxon displays character states more derived than those of the basal exemplifier, and we recommend the use, minimally, of one basal and one derived exemplifier per clade. Paranthodon is most robustly recovered as a stegosaur in our analyses, meaning it is one of the youngest and southernmost stegosaurs.
A Study of Kruppa’s Equation for Camera Self-calibration

In this paper we discuss the Kruppa’s equation, which is widely known as the first camera self-calibration method. The classical and the simplified version of the method are of our interest. We have analyzed it based on how it is derived. As Kruppa’s equation works based on the image of the absolute conic, which is an imaginary conic, we have found that the use of circular points at infinity was missed in the classical Kruppa’s in generating the imaginary conic. We have pointed out that the concept of degenerate point conic in deriving the simplified version is one of the reasons of degeneracy. Other than that, we also found some other inaccuracies of the derivation. For the future use as well as the improvement of the method, we have proposed possible solutions for it.
Magnetic hardening mechanism in sintered R–Fe–B permanent magnets

After a short review on temperature dependence of the intrinsic coercivity in sintered Nd–Fe–B-type magnets is given, recent experimental results concerning the coercivity-anisotropy ( H _C–H_A) correlation in B-rich Pr–Fe–B and Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets and the influence of the surface conditions of the sintered Nd–Fe–B magnets on the coercivity are reported. The results are interpreted in terms of the μ_o H _c vs cμ_oH_A – NI_s plot, where I _s is the spontaneous magnetization of R _2Fe_14B ( R = Pr or Nd) and N is the effective demagnetization field coefficient.
Durability of rapid-set (ettringite-based) concrete

ii DEDICATION . iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v LIST OF TABLES . x LIST OF FIGURES . xi LIST OF SYMBOLS, NOMENCLATURE OR ABBREVIATIONS . xiii CHAPTER 1 .
Encephalopathy with Electrical Status Epilepticus in Slow Wave Sleep – a review with an emphasis on regional (perisylvian) aspects

SUMMARY Aim The aim of this article is to review criticaly the Electrical Status Epilepticus in Slow Sleep (ESES) phenomenon from a neurophysiological mechanisms aspect as well as terminological and classification issues. Methods The review includes all the relevant papers published during the last 43 years on the subject of ESES and Continous Spike – Wave in Sleep (CSWS). These papers were identified in various large databases via the internet. Rewiev and remarks ESES/CSWS phenomena can be held as a common final pathway originating from different etiologies, including patients with early brain damage (probably involving thalamic structures), but also patients without structural pathology as in atypical evolution of idiopathic regional childhood hyperexcitability syndromes (with Rolandic epilepsy as a prototype). There are hints that genetic predisposition might be an important factor in the development of this process. The two large patient groups (lesional and non-lesional) show the same EEG evolution and encephalopathic cognitive consequences. The sleep EEG activation can be held as a common endophenotype. ESES represents an extreme sleep activation/potentiation of the local/regional interictal discharges, enhancing them in frequency, territorial extension, intra and trans-hemispherial propagation, synchrony and continuity. This process is most probably not identical with the development of bilateral spike-wave pattern in ,,generalized” epilepsies which involves primarily or secondarily the thalamocortical system as it had been explored by Gloor (1979) for idiopathic generalized rpilepsy and Steriade and Amzica (2003) for different types of generalized spike and wave discharges. Conclusions and syndromological embedding of ESES In an overwhelming majority of the investigated cases, the maps of the single discharges constituting sleep activation are identical; with focal/regional interictal spikes followed by slow closing wave, as it is seen in childhood regional age dependent hyperexcitability syndromes (prototype of the centro-temporal spikes of Rolandic epilepsy). The main mechanism of the developing cognitive impairment is most probably the consequence of interference with plastic function of slow wave sleep by obliterating synaptic decline during sleep. Presently, the consensus and co-operative research is highly obstacled by the terminological chaos, the controversial definitions and views around this still striking and enigmatic phenomenon.
Modeling & simulation of nonlinear dynamics of periodic cardiac pacemaker using bond graph techniques

A lot of research has been done targeting differential equations and state space of cardiac pacemakers while very few authors have discussed the circuit of the van der Pol oscillator. This paper aims at developing the van der Pol oscillator using RLC circuits with non-linear resistance. This was done by representing the modified forced van der pol oscillator with non-linear resistance using piecewise S curve obtained through an operational amplifier. The state space has been obtained, using 20-Sim software, followed by its differential equation. The phase portrait of the modified forced van der Pol oscillator has also been developed. In this paper, the behavior of real cardiac pacemaker has been reproduced in time domain and a comparison of the real and the reproduced cardiac pacemaker has been made.