Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kreativ funktion, perceptgenetisk rekonstruktion och organisatoriska förutsättningar för kreativ verksamhet. En studie av högskolelärare

Against the background of a need for empirical research on creative university teachers and creative university environments, and for broad and encompassing models within research on creativity, various questions concerning the university teacher, the university organization and relations between them are posed. The description and interpretation of creativity and personality presented takes as its starting point a percept-genetic point of view in which the concept of creative functioning is added to Andersson's developmental and personality model. This represents the individual level in a broad conception presented here dealing with how both inner and outer factors can influence the human being within a university setting and bring about conditions conducive to or hindering creative activity. Data were collected using various percept-genetic techniques: CFT (Creative Functioning Technique), SAT (Spiral Aftereffect Technique) and DMTm (Defense Mechanism Technique modified); various self-assessment scales: BPE (Assessment of Personal Characteristics) and three scales concerning creativity; and, finally, questionnaires concerning the following: Organizational Structure, Organizational Values, Academic Values, Organizational Climate, Sufficient Resources, Workload Pressure, the Leadership Style of one's immediate superior and two criterion scales: Creativity and Productivity. The group studied consisted of teachers at Orebro University (132, 130 or 114 persons, depending upon the analysis involved). Among the findings obtained were the following: (I) certain personality patterns in SAT were related to low or intermediate, and other patterns to high ereative functioning according to CFT; several DMTm signs of anxiety and defense against anxiety were related to CFT, introaggression being one that was clearly related to high creative functioning; (2) no statistically significant relationships were found between CFT and self-ratings of creativity; (3) creative activity within the organization appeared to be supported by teachers' experiencing there to be a high degree of freedom and debate, and to be hindered by the presence of a high degree of emotional tension and a lack of openness in teachers' contacts with one another; (4) the degree of creativity and productivity within the organization was found to be closely related to the accessibility of resources and to how positive the organizitional climate was assessed as being; and (5) a variety of relationships defined by means of factor analyses were found between individual and organizational variables, high creative functioning in CFT being related, for example, to experiencing the university as having an open structure and characterized by diversity.
Micro-Viscometer for Measuring Shear-Varying Blood Viscosity over a Wide-Ranging Shear Rate

In this study, a micro-viscometer is developed for measuring shear-varying blood viscosity over a wide-ranging shear rate. The micro-viscometer consists of 10 microfluidic channel arrays, each of which has a different micro-channel width. The proposed design enables the retrieval of 10 different shear rates from a single flow rate, thereby enabling the measurement of shear-varying blood viscosity with a fixed flow rate condition. For this purpose, an optimal design that guarantees accurate viscosity measurement is selected from a parametric study. The functionality of the micro-viscometer is verified by both numerical and experimental studies. The proposed micro-viscometer shows 6.8% (numerical) and 5.3% (experimental) in relative error when compared to the result from a standard rotational viscometer. Moreover, a reliability test is performed by repeated measurement (N = 7), and the result shows 2.69 ± 2.19% for the mean relative error. Accurate viscosity measurements are performed on blood samples with variations in the hematocrit (35%, 45%, and 55%), which significantly influences blood viscosity. Since the blood viscosity correlated with various physical parameters of the blood, the micro-viscometer is anticipated to be a significant advancement for realization of blood on a chip.
Significant increase in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 7 in primary CNS lymphoma

The aim of this study is to compare the expression pattern of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) with that of nodal lymphoma (NL). PCNSL possesses a characteristic pattern of brain infiltration, specifically, perivascular aggregation and destruction of the surrounding connective tissue. Hypotheses have been proposed that this infiltration pattern indicates the infiltration of lympoma cells from outside the CNS. However, the mechanism of this infiltration pattern has not been clearly explained. Here we performed quantitative analysis of mRNA expression of MMP1, 2, 3, 7 and 9 in lymphoma cells from 10 cases of PCNSL, all of which were diagnosed as diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and 14 cases of nodal DLBCL. Immunohistochemistry was also performed for phenotyping of lymphoma cells and for examining the localization of MMPs. The expression level of MMP7 in PCNSL (median ratio to normal lymophocytes, 45.6) was significantly higher than the level in NL (median, 7.55). By contrast, the expression levels of MMP2 (median, 31.7) and MMP9 (median, 1.30) in PCNSL were significantly lower than those in NL (median, 120 and 16.5, respectively). The expression levels of MMP1 and MMP3 were very low and not different between PCNSL and NL (almost comparable to those in normal lymphocytes). Immunohistochemical phenotyping revealed that the frequency of non‐germinal center type DLBCL was significantly higher in PCNSL than in NL. These results, notably the significantly increased expression of MMP7 in PCNSL, suggest the involvement of this MMP in the characteristic infiltration pattern of PCNSL. They also support the existing hypothesis that PCNSL and NL are of different origins.
Adaptor Protein LRAP25 Mediates Myotonic Dystrophy Kinase-related Cdc42-binding Kinase (MRCK) Regulation of LIMK1 Protein in Lamellipodial F-actin Dynamics*

Background: LIMK1 regulates F-actin dynamics through phosphorylation/inactivation of cofilin. Results: LRAP25 forms a complex with MRCK and LIMK1 to promote LIMK1 phosphorylation/activation by MRCK. Conclusion: Both LRAP25 and MRCK are required for LIMK1 activity in lamellipodial F-actin regulation. Significance: LRAP adaptors are important determinants of MRCK cellular localization and downstream specificities. Myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase (MRCK) has been shown to localize to the lamella of mammalian cells through its interaction with an adaptor protein, leucine repeat adaptor protein 35a (LRAP35a), which links it with myosin 18A (MYO18A) for activation of the lamellar actomyosin network essential for cell migration. Here, we report the identification of another adaptor protein LRAP25 that mediates MRCK association with LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1). The lamellipodium-localized LRAP25-MRCK complex is essential for the regulation of local LIMK1 and its downstream F-actin regulatory factor cofilin. Functionally, inhibition of either MRCK or LRAP25 resulted in a marked suppression of LIMK1 activity and down-regulation of cofilin phosphorylation in response to aluminum fluoride induction in B16-F1 cells, which eventually resulted in deregulation of lamellipodial F-actin and reorganization of cytoskeletal structures causing defects in cell polarization and motility. These biochemical and functional characterizations thus underline the functional relevance of the LRAP25-MRCK complex in LIMK1-cofilin signaling and the importance of LRAP adaptors as key determinants of MRCK cellular localization and downstream specificities.
Motion Safety for an Autonomous Vehicle Race in an Urban Environment

The 2007 Darpa grand challenge is a 100 km race between autonomous vehicles in an urban environment. This paper presents the results of kinematic motion study in order to quantify the minimum perception range requirements of a canonical set of manoeuvres that are required for the event. The paper also considers the potential advantage that a course reversal strategy may provide competitors that field small, tight-turning vehicles.
Unsupervised Feature Selection for the $k$-means Clustering Problem

We present a novel feature selection algorithm for the k-means clustering problem. Our algorithm is randomized and, assuming an accuracy parameter ∊ ∈ (0,1), selects and appropriately rescales in an unsupervised manner Θ(k log(k/∊)/∊2) features from a dataset of arbitrary dimensions. We prove that, if we run any γ-approximate k-means algorithm (γ ≥ 1) on the features selected using our method, we can find a (1 + (1 + ∊) ≥)-approximate partition with high probability.
Proton MR spectroscopic evaluation of suspicious brain lesions after stereotactic radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The radiologic assessment of suspicious brain lesions after stereotactic radiotherapy of brain tumors is difficult. The purpose of our study was to define parameters from single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy that provide a probability measure for differentiating neoplastic from radiation-induced, nonneoplastic lesions. METHODS Seventy-two lesions in 56 patients were examined using a combined MR imaging and MR spectroscopy protocol (point-resolved spectroscopy, TE = 135 ms). Signal intensities of cholines, creatines, N-acetyl aspartate, and the presence of lactate and lipid resonances were correlated to final diagnoses established by clinical and MR imaging follow-up, positron emission tomography studies, or biopsy/surgery. Statistical analysis was performed using the t test, linear discriminant analysis, and k nearest-neighbor method. RESULTS Significantly increased signal intensity ratios I(tCho)/I(tCr) (P <.0001) and I(tCho)/I(NAA) (P <.0001) were observed in neoplastic (n = 34) compared with nonneoplastic lesions (n = 32) and contralateral normal brain (n = 33). Analysis of I(tCho)/I(tCr) and I(tCho)/I(NAA) data yielded correct retrospective classification as neoplastic and nonneoplastic in 82% and 81% of the lesions, respectively. Neither I(NAA)/I(tCr) nor signal intensitities of lactate or lipids were useful for differential diagnosis. CONCLUSION Metabolic information provided by proton MR spectroscopy is useful for the differentiation of neoplastic and nonneoplastic brain lesions after stereotactic radiotherapy of brain tumors.
Atomic Actions and Resource Coordination Problems Having Nonunique Solutions

The concept of atomic actions is decomposed into database-dependent atomic actions and application-dependent atomic actions. There is a broad class of application-dependent atomic actions that can have nonunique solutions. These are resource coordination problems and are classified as problems of NU class. It is argued that a transaction modeling a problem of NU class provides lower concurrency. A concept of coordination is proposed which can model a broad range of NU class problems. An object model and a protocol are sugested which utilize the nonunique character of the solution to provide higher concurrency.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience Cellular Neuroscience Review Article Characteristics of Simple Photoreceptors (photoresponsive Neurons)

This review examines the non-image-forming visual functions of simple photoreceptors acting as second-order neurons. In addition , we survey the profi les of the cell membrane channels that mediate related receptor potentials and the phototransduction mechanisms of the simple photoreceptors studied to date. Several simple photoreceptors (photoresponsive neurons) have been identifi ed on the dorsal aspect of the central ganglia of Onchidium verruculatum, a species closely related to A-P-1 and Es-1 respond to light with a depolarizing receptor potential, which is associated with a decrease in membrane K and Ip-2 are hyperpolarized by light, owing to an increase in membrane K + conductance (Nishi and Gotow, 1998). These intrinsic photoresponses persist even when synaptic transmission is blocked either chemically or by ligation of the axo-somatic junction. Ep-2 and Ep-3 are depolarized by light, but their depolarizing mechanism is still unknown. However, we have evidence that Ep-2 and Ep-3 are also depolarized by a similar mechanism to that of A-P-1 and Es-1. Both of these depolarizing and hyperpolarizing photore-sponses take 20 to 30 s to reach their peak after a latency of 300 to 500 ms following a brief light stimulus and then decline gradually. This contrasts with the fast and adaptive photoresponses of a few milliseconds to a few seconds in classical eye photoreceptors, e.g. the proximal and distal cells of Pecten (McReynolds and Gorman,
On the Diversity Within Internet Search Engines : A Clustering Approach Using

We present experimental results on how internet search engines compare with each other based on their query results. If the relationship between two rankers is substantially different for two different queries, it suggests that the queries are of a different nature. We use this observation to also investigate how queries relate to each other based on the relative performance of different internet search engines on them. Specifically, we show how clustering approaches can reveal relationships among search engines, and relationships among queries modulo those search engines. Our results have implications on aggregation of search results and on reverse engineering of ranking formulas used by search engines.
Novel Type II Transmembrane Serine Proteases, MSPL and TMPRSS13, Proteolytically Activate Membrane Fusion Activity of the Hemagglutinin of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses and Induce Their Multicycle Replication

ABSTRACT Host cellular proteases induce influenza virus entry into cells by cleaving the viral surface envelope glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA). However, details on the cellular proteases involved in this event are not fully available. We report here that ubiquitous type II transmembrane serine proteases, MSPL and its splice variant TMPRSS13, are novel candidates for proteases processing HA proteins of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses, apart from the previously identified furin and proprotein convertases 5 and 6. HAs from all HPAI virus H5 and H7 strains have one of two cleavage site motifs, the R-X-K/R-R motif with R at position P4 and the K-K/R-K/T-R motif with K at position P4. In studies of synthetic 14-residue HPAI virus HA peptides with these cleavage site motifs, furin preferentially cleaved only HA peptides with the R-K-K-R motif in the presence of calcium and not peptides with the other motif, whereas MSPL and TMPRSS13 cleaved both types of HA peptides (those with the R/K-K-K-R motif) efficiently in the absence of calcium. Full-length recombinant HPAI virus HA with the K-K-K-R cleavage motif exhibited poor susceptibility to cleavage in the absence of MSPL or TMPRSS13 and the presence of furin in infected cells, but it was converted to mature HA subunits in transfected cells expressing MSPL or TMPRSS13, with membrane-fused giant-cell formation. This conversion and membrane fusion were suppressed by inhibitors of MSPL and TMPRSS13. Furthermore, infection with and multiplication of genetically modified live HPAI virus A/Crow/Kyoto/53/2004 (H5N1) with the K-K-K-R cleavage site motif were detected only in MSPL- and TMPRSS13-expressing cells.
$f$ -Divergence Inequalities

This paper develops systematic approaches to obtain f -divergence inequalities, dealing with pairs of probability measures defined on arbitrary alphabets. Functional domination is one such approach, where special emphasis is placed on finding the best possible constant upper bounding a ratio of f -divergences. Another approach used for the derivation of bounds among f -divergences relies on moment inequalities and the logarithmic-convexity property, which results in tight bounds on the relative entropy and Bhattacharyya distance in terms of χ2 divergences. A rich variety of bounds are shown to hold under boundedness assumptions on the relative information. Special attention is devoted to the total variation distance and its relation to the relative information and relative entropy, including “reverse Pinsker inequalities,” as well as on the Eγ divergence, which generalizes the total variation distance. Pinsker's inequality is extended for this type of f -divergence, a result which leads to an inequality linking the relative entropy and relative information spectrum. Integral expressions of the Rényi divergence in terms of the relative information spectrum are derived, leading to bounds on the Rényi divergence in terms of either the variational distance or relative entropy.
Rating Format Effects on Rater Agreement and Reliability.

This study compares intraand inter-rater agreement and reliability when using three different rating form formats to assess the same stimuli. One format requests assessment by marking detailed criteria without an overall judgement; the second format requests only an overall judgement without the use of detailed criteria; and the third format combines detailed criteria with an overall judgement. Results are interpreted from a cognitive processing theoretical framevork. Subjects were five full-time and three part-time dental faculty members. The experimental task was to evaluate five crown preparations during six trials using each of three different rating forms, but raters were not informed they were reevaluating the same teeth. Raters were assigned code numbers to maintain anonymity, and teeth were identified only by code numbers. Data analysis was based upon ratings of five teeth from trials one through six; the trials were six weeks apart. Inter-rater agreement among the eight raters was distressingly low, but was in the range of one previous report. The study suggests that the traditional practice of scoring performance ratings by summary across multiple criteria may reduce intra-rater reliability. Rating forms which are structured to parallel rater cognitive processes may result in more reproducible scores than traditional summation scoring methods. (LMO) **********************************************************1************ * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * irom the original document. * *****************************************************A*****************
Transforming UML class diagrams into HBase based on meta-model

In order to reduce the influence of requirement change for software development and improve the efficiency and portability of software development efficiently, this paper, based on the ideas of Model Driven Architecture (MDA), proposes a method that transforms UML class diagrams into HBase based on Meta-model. The method achieves the transformation from Platform Independent Model (PIM) to Platform Specific Model (PSM) on the meta-model level and is comprised of three phases. In the first phase, the meta-models of UML class diagram and HBase database are built. In the second phase, the mapping rules between the two meta-models are proposed. In the last phase, the UML class diagram is built and the HBase database model is generated by transformation. At last, the paper uses Atlas language to achieve a breakfast serving system to prove the feasibility of the MDA in the software development.
Effects of Natural Cross-Linkers on the Stability of Dentin Collagen and the Inhibition of Root Caries in vitro

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of dentin collagen modifications induced by various cross-linkers on the stability of collagen matrix and the inhibition of root caries. Materials and Methods: The following cross-linkers were tested: 5% glutaraldehyde (GA), 0.5% proanthocyanidin (PA), 0.625% genipin (GE). In the first experiment, cross-linker-treated demineralized human root dentin was digested with bacterial collagenase, centrifuged, and the supernatants were subjected to amino acid analysis to determine collagen content. The residues were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and hydroxyproline analysis. In the second experiment, bovine root surfaces were conditioned with phosphoric acid, treated with the cross-linkers, incubated with Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus for 1 week and the root caries inhibition was evaluated with confocal microscopy. Lastly, the ability of the bacteria to colonize the root surface was evaluated. In this experiment slabs of bovine root were treated with the cross-linkers and incubated in a suspension of S. mutans and L. acidophilus. The slabs were washed, resuspended in water, glucose was added, and the pH measured. Results: While all collagen was digested with collagenase in the control groups, only a small proportion was solubilized in the GA-, PA-, and GE-treated groups. The root caries was significantly inhibited by treatment with PA or GA. Drops in pH in the cross-linker-treated groups were essentially the same as in the untreated group. Conclusion: Naturally occurring cross-linkers, especially PA, could be used to modify root dentin collagen to efficiently stabilize collagen and to increase its resistance against caries.
Symptoms and Symptom Distress in Localized Prostate Cancer

For over a decade, symptom distress has been a key concept in several studies of cancer. However, the definition of symptom distress is still unclear, and there are few measures targeting symptom distress, in general, and specific cancers, in particular. Prostate cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of death in American men. Many men with clinically localized prostate cancer may experience unique and multidimensional symptoms that occur from diagnosis through treatment, and thereafter. These symptoms associated with the disease and its treatments are in the form of physical and psychological sequelae such as urinary and bowel problems and sexual dysfunction. The purposes of this article are to (1) systematically review literature on symptoms and symptom distress in localized prostate cancer and (2) synthesize evidence of symptom distress applications and measurement in this group. A comprehensive, systematic review was conducted to identify original, data-based studies of symptoms and symptom distress in localized prostate cancer. Clarification of symptom distress and more comprehensive information about symptoms and symptom distress will provide nurses with a better foundation for developing self-management interventions aimed at ameliorating symptom distress and, ultimately, enhancing the quality of life of patients with localized prostate cancer.
Nonlinear approximation based image recovery using adaptive sparse reconstructions and iterated denoising-part II: adaptive algorithms

We combine the main ideas introduced in Part I with adaptive techniques to arrive at a powerful algorithm that estimates missing data in nonstationary signals. The proposed approach operates automatically based on a chosen linear transform that is expected to provide sparse decompositions over missing regions such that a portion of the transform coefficients over missing regions are zero or close to zero. Unlike prevalent algorithms, our method does not necessitate any complex preconditioning, segmentation, or edge detection steps, and it can be written as a progression of denoising operations. We show that constructing estimates based on nonlinear approximants is fundamentally a nonconvex problem and we propose a progressive algorithm that is designed to deal with this issue directly. The algorithm is applied to images through an extensive set of simulation examples, primarily on missing regions containing textures, edges, and other image features that are not readily handled by established estimation and recovery methods. We discuss the properties required of good transforms, and in conjunction, show the types of regions over which well-known transforms provide good predictors. We further discuss extensions of the algorithm where the utilized transforms are also chosen adaptively, where unpredictable signal components in the progressions are identified and not predicted, and where the prediction scenario is more general.