Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Santa claus meets hypergraph matchings

We consider the restricted assignment version of the problem of max-min fair allocation of indivisible goods, also known as the Santa Claus problem. There are m items and n players. Every item has some nonnegative value, and every player is interested in only some of the items. The goal is to distribute the items to the players in a way that maximizes the minimum of the sum of the values of the items given to any player. It was previously shown via a nonconstructive proof that uses the Lovász local lemma that the integrality gap of a certain configuration LP for the problem is no worse than some (unspecified) constant. This gives a polynomial-time algorithm to estimate the optimum value of the problem within a constant factor, but does not provide a polynomial-time algorithm for finding a corresponding allocation. We use a different approach to analyze the integrality gap. Our approach is based upon local search techniques for finding perfect matchings in certain classes of hypergraphs. As a result, we prove that the integrality gap of the configuration LP is no worse than 1/4. Our proof provides a local search algorithm which finds the corresponding allocation, but is nonconstructive in the sense that this algorithm is not known to converge to a local optimum in a polynomial number of steps.
Modelling Interference Temperature Constraints for Spectrum Access in Cognitive Radio Networks

With the advent of cognitive radio technology, new paradigms for spectrum access can achieve near-optimal spectrum utilisation by letting each user sense and utilise available spectrum opportunistically while regulating the interference it imposes on other users through interference constraints. However, the simplest and most common forms of such constraints are binary and transmitter-centric, which are often inefficient since they only consider pair-wise sets of transmitters. Hence, we propose a non-binary receiver-centric constraint model for spectrum access in cognitive radio networks. Such a model is in line with the recently proposed interference temperature metric that constraints whole subsets of transmitters, thereby permitting interfering signals to be introduced and enabling additional communication, leading to improved spectrum utilisation. These constraints are easy to generate and check, and are currently being used to devise a co-operative negotiated etiquette for cognitive radios offering heterogeneous services in a wireless office networking scenario.
A Review of Some Recent Advances in Causal Inference

We give a selective review of some recent developments in causal inference, intended for researchers who are not familiar with graphical models and causality, and with a focus on methods that are applicable to large data sets. We mainly address the problem of estimating causal effects from observational data. For example, one can think of estimating the effect of single or multiple gene knockouts from wild-type gene expression data, that is, from gene expression measurements that were obtained without doing any gene knockout experiments. We assume that the observational data are generated from a causal structure that can be represented by a directed acyclic graph (DAG). First, we discuss estimation of causal effects when the underlying causal DAG is known. In large-scale networks, however, the causal DAG is often unknown. Next, we therefore discuss causal structure learning, that is, learning information about the causal structure from observational data. We then combine these two parts and discuss methods to estimate (bounds on) causal effects from observational data when the causal structure is unknown. We also illustrate this method on a yeast gene expression data set. We close by mentioning several extensions of the discussed work.
Self‐concept: a tourism application

Although well accepted by consumer behaviourists in general, self-concept has received relatively little attention from tourism researchers. This is despite the potential it would appear to offer in terms of enabling an enhanced understanding of how tourists feel and what they seek from the tourism experience. The application of a model of self-concept in this study suggests self-concept may provide an alternative segmentation base, giving insights into how people perceive themselves in the tourist role and their consequent behaviour. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications.
Cross-Disciplinary Discourse to Bridge the Socioemotional and Academic Strands of Development

This topical issue is a culmination of two gatherings funded by the National Science Foundation that focused on cross-disciplinary discourse to examine the overlaps between children’s academic achievement and socioemotional competence. The first was a symposium, “Theory and Practice of Successful Schooling: Nexus Between Academic Achievement and Social Emotional Competence,” which brought together scholars from multiple disciplines; the second was a meeting of the authors who contributed to this issue. Following the symposium, the planning committee, reflecting on the ideas and processes that had come to light and considering feedback from attendees on the initial draft, proposed a framework for cross-disciplinary exchanges that was subsequently used to structure the authors’ meeting (see the Appendix). By casting variables as properties of persons, environments, dynamics of person–environment interactions, and their combination, this framework provides a common language with which to examine each author’s central insights about how these variables relate to one another and to important academic and socioemotional domains of functioning/outcomes. In the fields of education and psychology, two related principles (stressed by Lewin, 1935) are so widely held that they may be considered truisms: (a) Behavior EARLY EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT, 21(5), 615–632 Copyright © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1040-9289 print / 1556-6935 online DOI: 10.1080/10409289.2010. 508328
Social Support in Marriage: The Role of Social Cognition

Close relationships and self-report play a central role in the social support literature, yet little is known about how behaviors in intimate relationships lead people to feel supported. Drawing from research on cognition in marriage we argue that explanations or attributions for spouse behavior, particularly in terms of whether the behavior is viewed as voluntary and selflessly motivated, is an important determinant of whether the behavior is perceived as supportive. The impact that various cognitive processes may have on attributions, global judgments of support, and reports of behavior used to measure support, is also illustrated. Finally, the need to investigate perceived support in relation to the transactions that occur between spouses is emphasized, and the implications of a cognitive perspective on social support are outlined.
RevisionBank: A Resource for Revision-based Multi-document Summarization and Evaluation

Multi-document summaries produced via sentence extraction often suffer from a number of cohesion problems, including dangling anaphora, sudden shifts in topic and incorrect or awkward chronological ordering. Therefore, the development of an automated revision process to correct such problems is a research area of current interest. We present the RevisionBank, a corpus of 240 extractive, multi-document summaries that have been manually revised to promote cohesion. The summaries were revised by six linguistic students using a constrained set of revision operations that we previously developed. In the current paper, we describe the process of developing a taxonomy of cohesion problems and corrective revision operators that address such problems, as well as an annotation schema for our corpus. Finally, we discuss how our taxonomy and corpus can be used for the study of revision-based multi-document summarization as well as for summary evaluation.
Immunological Demyelination Enhances Nerve Regeneration After Acute Transection Injury in the Adult Rat Sciatic Nerve

Introduction:Our recent experiments demonstrate that demyelination enhances peripheral nerve regeneration after contusion injury in the adult rat sciatic nerve. The role of demyelination in peripheral nerve regeneration in a sciatic nerve transection model has yet to be elucidated. We hypothesize that (1) axon regeneration within a region of injury increases after experimental, immunologic demyelination, and (2) regenerated axons are partially derived from the proximal motor axons. Methods:Sciatic nerves of adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 20) were injected with a demyelinating agent immediately after transection injury. The sciatic nerves were harvested 1 month (n = 5) and 2 months (n = 5) after surgery. In the control groups, the cut nerves were reapproximated without demyelination therapy. The lesion containing length of nerve was cut into 1-mm transverse blocks and processed to preserve orientation. Specimens were evaluated using structural and immunohistochemical analyses. Results:A single epineural injection of complement proteins plus antibodies to galactocerebroside resulted in demyelination followed by Schwann cell remyelination. At 1 month, remyelination was clearly shown throughout the injured sciatic nerve segment. At 2 months, there was a statistically significant increase in peripheral nerve regeneration following demyelination therapy as evidenced by total axon count, axon density, and fiber diameter. Conclusion:This study demonstrates enhanced histomorphologic nerve regeneration in the rat sciatic nerve after local delivery of experimental, immunologic demyelination following transection injury. It highlights the utility of demyelination in peripheral nerve regeneration. This therapy may be applicable for tissue-engineered constructs, cell-based systems, and nerve transfers to improve outcomes in peripheral nervous system injuries.
Questions About Grossarth-Maticek's Procedures and Results

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Issues in University Governance: More “Professional” and Less Academic

The pressures for efficiency and the achievement of performance goals are encouraging college and university presidents to focus more on the management of their institutions and less on the more collegial processes of academic decision making. Presidents are being held more accountable to external constituencies, particularly the public officials and business leaders involved in hiring them and the foundations and businesses that supplement their salaries and benefits, and, therefore, feel less accountable to the faculty and other internal constituencies. To increase efficiency and meet goals, presidents are increasingly hiring professional administrators without academic experience, who feel more accountable to their administrative superiors and less accountable to faculty, students, and others within the institution. The focus on managerial values is also filtering down to academic departments and nonacademic offices. The net effect is that the faculty role in university governance is decreasing and may be extinguished if current trends continue.
Iterative Multiuser Minimum Symbol Error Rate Beamforming Aided QAM Receiver

A novel iterative soft interference cancellation (SIC) aided beamforming receiver is developed for high-throughput quadrature amplitude modulation systems. The proposed SIC-based minimum symbol error rate (MSER) multiuser detection scheme guarantees the direct and explicit minimization of the symbol error rate at the output of the detector. Adopting the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart technique, we compare the EXIT characteristics of an iterative MSER multiuser detector (MUD) with those of the conventional minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) detector. As expected, the proposed SIC-MSER MUD outperforms the SIC-MMSE MUD.
Computing Beltrami Fields

For solving the nonlinear equations governing force-free fields, an iterative methodology based on the splitting of the problem is described. On the basis of this splitting, three families of subproblems have to be solved numerically. The first problem consists to find a potential field. A mixed hybrid method is used to solve it. The second problem, which is a curl-div system, is solved by means of a mixed method. The last problem is a transport equation which is approximated using a streamline diffusion technique. Numerical three-dimensional experiments and results are given to illustrate the efficiency of the method.
Design of BP-Based Decoding for Short LDPC Codes Using MMSE Criterion

By using the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion, we show the design of the scaled and offset belief propagation (BP)-based decoding for short low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes on the channels of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and uncorrelated flat Rayleigh fading with side information (SI). Based on the MMSE criterion, the detailed derivations and numerical calculations on the optimum factors for these two improved BP-based algorithms are provided. The simulation results for several short (3,6) regular LDPC codes on the AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels demonstrate that the scaled and offset BP-based algorithms with our proposed factors can achieve the performance almost the same to, and even better than that of the BP algorithm.
Video fingerprinting based on moment invariants capturing appearance and motion

In this paper, we propose two video fingerprinting methods that are robust to both geometric and non-geometric modifications on content. Both of the proposed methods are based on computation of moment invariants as features from concentric circular regions. The two methods differ in the way they capture appearance and motion information from video. In one method, we capture motion information by computing a difference image between the current video frame and a temporal average video frame computed from a past window of video frames. This method captures appearance by computing moment invariants from concentric circular regions of a video frame. In the second method, we capture appearance and motion by projecting features onto two sets of basis functions and explicitly capture how the moment invariants change over the regions and over time. We present experimental results on both of these video fingerprinting comparing their performance in terms of robustness against attacks and sensitivity to content.
Algebraic Reconstruction Bounds and Explicit Inversion for Phase Retrieval at the Identifiability Threshold

We study phase retrieval from rank-one magnitude and more general linear magnitude measurements of an unknown signal as an algebraic estimation problem. It is verified that a certain number of generic rank-one or generic linear measurements are sufficient to enable signal reconstruction for generic signals, and slightly more generic measurements yield reconstructability for all signals. Our results solve few open problems stated in the recent literature. Furthermore, we show how the algebraic estimation problem can be solved by a closedform algebraic estimation technique, termed ideal regression, providing non-asymptotic success guarantees.
A centralized HIDS framework for private cloud

Cloud computing is more convenient and efficient than traditional on-premise computing for users, as it provides large scale resources, software, and information to each customer. However, cloud computing systems can be easily threatened by various cyber attacks. Therefore, an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is very necessary for cloud computing system. There is a serious problem which traditional host-based IDS for cloud computing consumes a large amount of system resources. In this paper, we propose a centralized host-based IDS framework to reduce the use of the resources. Using logstash tool to collect the system logs from each virtual machine, and storing them into elasticsearch cluster centrally. After that, we analyze all these logs in the detection center and send the results to each virtual machine. We have validated our framework in the openstack platform. The results show a good performance in reducing the CPU and memory usage.
Molecular basis for substrate recognition and drug resistance from 1.1 to 1.6 Å resolution crystal structures of HIV‐1 protease mutants with substrate analogs

HIV‐1 protease (PR) and two drug‐resistant variants – PR with the V82A mutation (PRV82A) and PR with the I84V mutation (PRI84V) – were studied using reduced peptide analogs of five natural cleavage sites (CA‐p2, p2‐NC, p6pol‐PR, p1‐p6 and NC‐p1) to understand the structural and kinetic changes. The common drug‐resistant mutations V82A and I84V alter residues forming the substrate‐binding site. Eight crystal structures were refined at resolutions of 1.10–1.60 Å. Differences in the PR–analog interactions depended on the peptide sequence and were consistent with the relative inhibition. Analog p6pol‐PR formed more hydrogen bonds of P2 Asn with PR and fewer van der Waals contacts at P1′ Pro compared with those formed by CA‐p2 or p2‐NC in PR complexes. The P3 Gly in p1‐p6 provided fewer van der Waals contacts and hydrogen bonds at P2–P3 and more water‐mediated interactions. PRI84V showed reduced van der Waals interactions with inhibitor compared with PR, which was consistent with kinetic data. The structures suggest that the binding affinity for mutants is modulated by the conformational flexibility of the substrate analogs. The complexes of PRV82A showed smaller shifts of the main chain atoms of Ala82 relative to PR, but more movement of the peptide analog, compared to complexes with clinical inhibitors. PRV82A was able to compensate for the loss of interaction with inhibitor caused by mutation, in agreement with kinetic data, but substrate analogs have more flexibility than the drugs to accommodate the structural changes caused by mutation. Hence, these structures help to explain how HIV can develop drug resistance while retaining the ability of PR to hydrolyze natural substrates.
Working from home: do formal or informal telework arrangements provide better work–family outcomes?

Telework arrangements include a suite of options that workplaces provide to meet the growing demand for greater work flexibility and as a strategy to promote work–family balance. However, there has been minimal research comparing formal versus informal telework arrangements, and how they might support employees to manage the competing demands of work and family life. In this paper, we examine how formal and informal telework arrangements impact on public sector employees' job satisfaction, time spent on childcare, and satisfaction with the distribution of childcare tasks. We use survey data from public service employees who had access to telework entitlements in Queensland, Australia (n=856). Our analyses showed that formal and informal telework arrangements provide different outcomes to employed women and men with children, particularly in the areas of job satisfaction and satisfaction with the distribution of childcare tasks. These distinctions suggest that it is important for workplaces to consider how the type of telework arrangement offered can affect how successfully and equitably work–family outcomes are achieved.
Nontoxic Strains of Cyanobacteria Are the Result of Major Gene Deletion Events Induced by a Transposable Element

Blooms that are formed by cyanobacteria consist of toxic and nontoxic strains. The mechanisms that result in the occurrence of nontoxic strains are enigmatic. All the nontoxic strains of the filamentous cyanobacterium Planktothrix that were isolated from 9 European countries were found to have lost 90% of a large microcystin synthetase (mcy) gene cluster that encoded the synthesis of the toxic peptide microcystin (MC). Those strains still contain the flanking regions of the mcy gene cluster along with remnants of the transposable elements that are found in between. The majority of the strains still contain a gene coding for a distinct thioesterase type II (mcyT), which is putatively involved in MC synthesis. The insertional inactivation of mcyT in an MC-producing strain resulted in the reduction of MC synthesis by 94 ± 2% (1 standard deviation). Nontoxic strains that occur in shallow lakes throughout Europe form a monophyletic lineage. A second lineage consists of strains that contain the mcy gene cluster but differ in their photosynthetic pigment composition, which is due to the occurrence of strains that contain phycocyanin or large amounts of phycoerythrin in addition to phycocyanin. Strains containing phycoerythrin typically occur in deep-stratified lakes. The rare occurrence of gene cluster deletion, paired with the evolutionary diversification of the lineages of strains that lost or still contain the mcy gene cluster, needs to be invoked in order to explain the absence or dominance of toxic cyanobacteria in various habitats.
Multi-q extension of Tsallis entropy based fuzzy c-means clustering

Tsallis entropy is a q-parameter extension of Shannon entropy. By extremizing Tsallis entropy within the framework of fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering, a membership function similar to the statistical mechanical distribution function is obtained. The extent of the membership function is determined by a system temperature and q. In this study, a multi-q extension method of Tsallis entropy based FCM is proposed and investigated. In this method qs are assigned to all clusters one by one. Each q value is determined to make the membership function to fit to a corresponding cluster distribution. This method is combined with the deterministic annealing (DA) method, and Tsallis entropy based multi-q DA clustering algorithm is developed. Experiments are performed on the numerical and Iris data, and it is confirmed that the proposed method improves the accuracy of clustering, and is superior to the standard Tsallis entropy based FCM.