Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Moderator role of self-esteem on the relationship between life satisfaction and depression in early adolescents

In this study, the moderator effects of global self-esteem on the relationship between life satisfaction domains (family, friends and school) and depression in early adolescents were examined. The participants consisted of 255 students, aged from 11 to 15 years, from three junior high schools in Turkey. Data were collected using the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, the Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale, and the Children's Depression Inventory. Results indicated that self-esteem moderated the relationship between depression and family satisfaction, but not between depression and friend satisfaction and school satisfaction.
Effect of staphylococcal delta-toxin and bee venom peptide melittin on leukotriene induction and metabolism of human polymorphonuclear granulocytes

The abilities of delta-toxin from Staphylococcus aureus and melittin to induce and modulate the generation of leukotriene from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) were studied. Stimulation of PMNs with melittin (10 micrograms) induced leukotriene formation, whereas stimulation with delta-toxin did not. Preincubation of the PMNs with delta-toxin modulated the subsequent generation of leukotriene from PMNs induced by Ca ionophore A23187 or opsonized zymosan. The generation of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), induced by the Ca ionophore A23187, was increased when the PMNs were preincubated with delta-toxin for 5 min. When opsonized zymosan was used as a secondary stimulus to activate the delta-toxin-pretreated PMNs, LTB4 generation decreased. In contrast, melittin showed no significant modulatory effect on the generation of leukotriene from PMNs. In addition, preincubation of PMNs with delta-toxin inhibited the conversion of LTB4 to omega-oxidation products. Our data suggest that peptides with similar structures, e.g., delta-toxin and melittin, induce and modify leukotriene generation in different manners.
Method for unsupervised classification of multiunit neural signal recording under low signal-to-noise ratio

Neural spike sorting is an indispensable step in the analysis of multiunit extracellular neural signal recording. The applicability of spike sorting systems has been limited, mainly to the recording of sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratios, or to the cases where supervised classification can be utilized. We present a novel unsupervised method that shows satisfactory performance even under high background noise. The system consists of an efficient spike detector, a feature extractor that utilizes projection pursuit based on negentropy maximization (Huber, 1985 and Hyvarinen et al., 1999), and an unsupervised classifier based on probability density modeling using a mixture of Gaussians (Jain et al., 2000). Our classifier is based on the mixture model with a roughly approximated number of Gaussians and subsequent mode-seeking. It does not require accurate estimation of the number of units present in the recording and, thus, is better suited for use in fully automated systems. The feature extraction stage leads to better performance than those utilizing principal component analysis and two nonlinear mappings for the recordings from the somatosensory cortex of rat and the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia. The classification method yielded correct classification ratio as high as 95%, for data where it was only 66% when a k-means-type algorithm was used for the classification stage.
Thinking Long Term: Physical Education's Role in Movement and Mobility

This paper addresses the role of physical education in promoting physical activity and mobility. It is assumed that attitude is an important component that influences physical activity and, ultimately, mobility. A variety of factors and the way they impact children's attitudes toward physical education are discussed. In particular, the outcomes of physical education, motor skill development and student skill level, and student attitude are presented. The factors that influence student skill development and attitude are interrelated and occur over many years both in and out of school. I conclude that to promote physical activity, physical education must address attitude and be enjoyable.
Coping with Faculty Resistance to Teaching Critical Thinking

to critical thinking and resistance to psy chotherapy and suggested ways for teach ers to cope with it. Addressing this resis tance is an important step in teachers' encouraging students to become more actively engaged in their own learning. Yet, we can cope with the resistance of students only after we have overcome the resistance of faculty to teach critical rea soning activities. Keeley et al. acknowl edge this point in their final paragraph when they state, "We teachers need to examine our own resistances as well as those of our students. In fact, we believe that a continuing dialogue about the resis tance process is necessary for educators to implement active learning in the class room" (145). Our purpose here, then, is to continue the dialogue about faculty resistance to the teaching of critical thinking. On the surface, such resistance may not seem evident. After all, the term critical think ing occurs regularly in prefaces to texts and in educational literature, and is espoused by many faculty as a major teaching goal (e.g., Siegal 1988). Yet, while the concept of critical thinking has
Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Initiates a Dynamic Interplay between Sumoylation and Ubiquitination To Regulate the Activity of the Transcriptional Activator PEA3

ABSTRACT Many transcription factors are controlled through SUMO modification, and in the majority of cases this modification results in enhancements in their repressive properties. In some instances, SUMO modification and its associated repressive activities can be reversed by the action of intracellular signaling pathways, leading to enhanced transcriptional capacities of transcription factors. Here we have investigated sumoylation of the ETS domain transcription factor PEA3 and its interplay with the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway. PEA3 is modified by SUMO in vitro and in vivo on multiple sites in its N-terminal region. Activation of the ERK MAP kinase pathway promotes sumoylation of PEA3. Importantly, sumoylation of PEA3 is required for maximal activation of target gene promoters, including MMP-1 and COX-2. Molecularly, sumoylation is selectively required for synergistic activation of target gene expression with the coactivator CBP. Moreover, sumoylation of PEA3 is required for ubiquitination of PEA3 and promotes its degradation, suggesting that SUMO-mediated recycling of PEA3 plays a role in PEA3-mediated promoter activation. Thus, in contrast to the majority of other transcription factors studied, sumoylation of PEA3 plays a positive role in PEA3-mediated transcriptional activation and the ERK MAP kinase pathway cooperates with rather than antagonizes this process.
Aripiprazole Once-Monthly in the Treatment of Acute Psychotic Episodes in Schizophrenia

Background Long-acting injectable antipsychotics are treatment options for acute and long-term treatment of patients with schizophrenia. In a previously published 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of patients with schizophrenia experiencing an acute psychotic episode, aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg (AOM 400) produced significantly greater improvement than placebo on the primary endpoint, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score at week 10. Methods To examine the efficacy of AOM 400 across a broader representation of schizophrenia symptoms, including agitation, a post hoc analysis of this trial was carried out to assess the change in PANSS Marder factor domains (positive symptoms, negative symptoms, disorganized thought, uncontrolled hostility/excitement, and anxiety/depression) and the PANSS excited component (equivalent to Marder factor domain uncontrolled hostility/excitement plus the tension item) by comparing differences in change from baseline between AOM 400 and placebo using a mixed model for repeated measures. Results The differences between treatment and placebo for all factors were statistically significant, with improvements seen as early as week 1 or 2, and maintained through week 12. Thus, AOM 400, supplemented with oral aripiprazole in the first 2 weeks, showed significantly greater efficacy versus placebo in acutely ill patients with schizophrenia in all 5 Marder illness domains, as well as in agitation as conceptualized by the PANSS excited component score. Conclusions These findings indicate that AOM 400 is efficacious across the spectrum of schizophrenia symptoms in acutely ill patients, with implications for both short-term and, by extension, long-term patient outcomes.
Vegetation Pattern and Heavy Metal Accumulation at a Mine Tailing at Gyöngyösoroszi, Hungary

Abstract Vegetation at an abandoned heavy metal bearing mine tailing may have multifunctional roles such as modification of water balance, erosion control and landscape rehabilitation. Research on the vegetation of mine tailings can provide useful information on tolerance, accumulation and translocation properties of species potentially applicable at moderately contaminated sites. Analyses of the relationship between heavy metal content (Pb, Zn and Cu) and vegetation in a mine tailing were carried out. These analyses included: (1) spatial analysis of relationship among heavy metal distribution, pH and vegetation patterns, and (2) analysis of heavy metal accumulation and translocation in some plant species. Presence of vegetation was found to be significantly dependent on pH value, which confirms that phytotoxicity is a function of element concentration in solution, which is primarily controlled by pH value in mine tailings. Among the most abundant plant species, dewberry (Rubus caesius), vipersbugloss (Echium vulgare), scarlet pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis) and narrowleaf plantain (Plantago lanceolata) accumulate significant amounts of Pb, Cu and Zn, while in the case of annual bluegrass (Poa annua) only Pb can be measured in elevated contents. Considering the translocation features, scarlet pimpernel, narrowleaf plantain, and dewberry accumulate heavy metals primarily in their roots, while heavy metal concentration in vipersbugloss and annual bluegrass is higher in the shoots.
The Generation Effect: Support for a Two-Factor Theory

When a response word bearing an orthographic, acoustic, or semantic relation to a stimulus word is generated rather than read, later recall is enhanced. Such "generation effects" have been attributed to the activation or strengthening of response-specific features in memory and to the activation or strengthening of the relation between a stimulus and response. This series of experiments yields evidence suggesting that both mechanisms are involved. The pattern of interactions in the size of the generation effect across type of recall test (cued or free) cannot be accommodated by any one-factor theory. The results of these experiments also suggest that within-subjects manipulations of read and generate study conditions inflate the apparent size of the effect of generation on a given pair by confounding such pair-specific effects with certain whole-list effects, such as differential attention and output interference.
The localist turn in British politics and its critics

Localism has become a central feature of British political debate in recent years. This article traces the emergence and development of localism within all the three major UK parties – Conservatives, Labour and the Liberal Democrats – and seeks to explain why this transformation has taken place. Localism involves a radical ideological critique of the central state and seeks to replace it with more local forms of political organisation. In particular, this article distinguishes between ‘liberal’ and ‘communitarian’ forms of localism. Finally, this article evaluates the strength of localist claims to both empower individuals and allow for the expression of communal identity, concluding that there are fundamental flaws in localist arguments which allow for the re-emergence of the central state as a key actor.
On the planning of collision-free movements of manipulators

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Postoperative Gastrointestinal Tract Dysfunction

Postoperative gastrointestinal (GI) tract dysfunction (PGID) is common and is associated with increased patient suffering and cost of care. The pathogenesis of PGID is complex and multifactorial. Traditional measures intended to reduce the incidence of PGID, such as the use of prokinetic drugs, nasogastric tube drainage, and the avoidance of early fluid and/or food intake, are apparently not beneficial. The administration of larger volumes of IV fluids to achieve predetermined increases in cardiac output has been shown in randomized trials to improve gut perfusion and reduce the incidence of PGID. A multimodal approach that includes limited surgical incision, regional local anesthesia, early mobilization, and enteral feeding has been associated with a dramatic reduction in postoperative complications, PGID, and length of hospital stay. However, none of these approaches has been validated in adequately powered multicenter prospective randomized controlled trials.
A kinetic and equilibrium binding study of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 with its cytosol receptor from chick intestinal mucosa.

A kinetic and equilibrium binding study of the interaction of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3) with its receptor system from chick intestinal mucosa has been carried out. The equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) for the binding of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 to the crude cytoplasmic receptor varies from 2.3 x 10(-10) M at 4 degrees C to 5.0 x 10(-10) M at 24 degrees C, yielding values for delta G0, delta H0 and delta S0 for the dissociation process of 12.2 +/- 0.1 kcal/ mol, 6.7 +/- 1.2 kcal/mol, and -19.9 +/- 3.2 cal/degree mol. This suggests that the binding of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 to the receptor may be an entropy-driven process. Kinetic studies on the association and dissociation of the 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 . receptor complex revealed that kassoc varied from 0.6 x 10(7) M-1 min-1 at 0 degrees C to 14.5 x 10(7) M-1 min-1 at 30 degrees C and that kdiss varied from 4 x 10(-5) min-1 at 4 degrees C to 4 x 10(-2) min-1 at 30 degrees C. The activation energy for the association process was found to be 17 kcal/mol, while that for the dissociation reaction was 45 kcal/mol.
Molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease: insights from genetic studies

Over the past few years, genetic findings have changed our views on the molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD), as mutations in a growing number of genes have been found to cause monogenic forms of the disorder. These mutations cause neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration either by a toxic gain of function, as in the case of the dominant forms of monogenic PD caused by mutations in the genes for α-synuclein or LRRK2, or by a loss of an intrinsic protective function, as is likely for the recessive PD genes parkin (PRKN), PINK1 and DJ-1. Evidence is emerging that at least some of the pathways uncovered in the rare monogenic forms of PD may play a direct role in the aetiology of the common sporadic disorder and that variants of the respective genes contribute to the risk of developing the disease. These findings will allow the search for new treatment strategies that focus on the underlying molecular pathophysiology, rather than simply on ameliorating symptoms.
Comparative Study of Various LEACH Algorithms for Reducing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper introduce comparative study of different LEACH Algorithm for reducing energy consumption in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). For this purpose, we are using various LEACH algorithms such as random LEACH, Max Energy LEACH and K-means LEACH. In these algorithms the election of cluster heads (CHs) is based mainly on the identity of nodes, the degree of connectivity or the connected dominating set. In case of WSNs, the main objective of clustering protocols is to minimize energy consumption by the network in order to extend the network lifetime. This paper compares the performance of these algorithm and simulation results concludes that a Max. Energy LEACH is better then other two algorithms.
Effect of Topic Label Repetition and Importance on Reading Time and Recall of Text

When a student is faced with information from multiple lengthy chapters of a text to learn for an exam, a major component of that task is sorting the "wheat from the chaff. " Because it is neither possible nor necessary to learn every proposition in a text, the learner needs some method of determining which information should receive the most attention. The general purpose of the work reported in this article is to investigate factors that affect how readers with low prior knowledge identify important material when reading a text chapter in preparation for a test. The purpose is not to develop a model of the ideal reader or ideal text but to examine factors that affect how typical readers contend with typical text. In the present case, typical text means text that was originally written for instruction, rather than a short narrative or text written by a psychologist to meet specific experimental constraints. Unlike the short texts typically used in reading comprehension experiments, the text used in the studies reported here is equivalent to an entire textbook chapter in length. The specific purpose of this article is to explore how one aspect of the surface representation of an informative text guides or biases what is recalled by readers. Although considerable research has been done on signaling devices that guide readers' understanding of a text (see Lorch, 1989, for a review), one feature that has received relatively little attention is repetition or frequency of mention; this cue is the primary focus of the experiments in this article. There are two primary issues that provide context for the present experiments. One issue has to do with the circumstances under which various types of cues to importance in text might be effective. Another issue concerns the implications of using lengthy informative text as experimental material; this issue will be discussed prior to a discussion of importance cues.
Impact of Learned Resourcefulness and Theories of Intelligence on Academic Achievement of University Students: An integrated approach

This was the first study to integrate Rosenbaum's concept of learned resourcefulness with Dweck's implicit theories of intelligence in predicting university students' academic self‐control behaviour and year‐end grades. Rosenbaum highlights the prominent role that learned resourcefulness skills play in promoting mastery responses and goal attainment during difficult situations. Dweck, on the other hand, describes how students' beliefs about intelligence direct their goal‐setting preferences and correspondent reactions to disappointing performance outcomes. Students completed self‐report measures assessing their learned resourcefulness skills, academic self‐control skills, academic self‐efficacy, theories of intelligence, goal orientation, and attributions for academic failure. Our findings supported the integrated approach to understanding academic goal attainment. Students who reported engaging in academic self‐control behaviours possessed a better‐developed repertoire of general self‐control skills, believed in their academic ability to succeed, applied more effort in response to academic setbacks, valued learning something new in class more than merely getting good grades, and actually obtained higher grades. Theories of intelligence had an indirect association with academic self‐control through ability attributions. Directions for future research are noted.
Gamma distribution based CSMA-CA back-off scheme for multi-hop wireless networks

This paper proposes a novel Carrier Sensing Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA-CA) scheme for multi-hop wireless networks. The proposed protocol provides up to a six-fold delay reduction, up to 20% energy consumption saving and doubles throughput compared with other CSMA-CA protocols, notably those employed in the IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15. 4 standards. These bountiful benefits are engendered by employing an intelligent back-off algorithm which reflects the dynamic characteristics of multi-hop networks. The fundamental principle is to exploit the flexible statistical properties of the Gamma distribution which allow each node to autonomously adjust its back-off and sensing strategy. Collisions are alleviated by introducing an innovate collision resolution algorithm. In terms of practicality, the protocol is lightweight and can be applied to any wireless device as it does not require modification of the physical layer standards.
Bone and Joint Medical Devices: Methods, Models, and Regulations

Repair of bone and joint tissue to restore normal function is a unique endeavor that requires recreating tissue structure and the integrated healing of both organic and inorganic tissue components. Session 5 (Structural approaches to bone and joint repair) at the 36th annual Society of Toxicologic Pathology Annual Symposium included 2 talks covering methods, models, and regulatory considerations used to evaluate novel approaches for repairing bones and joints. Lyn Wancket provided a general overview of medical devices, with an emphasis on preclinical and clinical evaluations of bone and joint devices. Karen Manhart outlined regulatory review of medical devices by the Food and Drug Administration. This summary includes highlights from both talks.
Infants of depressed mothers

Abstract Literature is reviewed demonstrating the impact of maternal depression on early infant interactions and development. Infants of depressed mothers (a) develop a depressed mood style as early as 3 months; (b) this mood generalizes to interactions with nondepressed women; (c) it persists over the first year if the mother's depression persists; and (d) it affects growth and Bayley developmental scores by the end of the first year. Other data are reviewed on individual differences including maternal depression styles of withdrawal and intrusion, negative behavior matching, and distorted perceptions of behavior. Finally, genetic, intrauterine, and extrauterine environment effects are discussed and interventions are suggested for altering the mother's depressed behavior and distorted perceptions. The review concludes that a developmental psychopathology perspective is needed to better understand the development of early depression.