Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Metastases in Patients with Low‐Grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma: Clinicopathologic Findings with Immunohistochemical Characterization

Two cases of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) presenting as cystic pulmonary metastases are reported. Both lung lesions were initially thought to represent examples of so-called mesenchymal cystic hamartoma. A diligent search of the past medical records in the first case revealed that a primary low-grade ESS of the uterus had been resected 27 years earlier. In the second case, a uterine tumor was seen by computed tomography scan and subsequent pathologic examination of the hysterectomy specimen established the presence of a lowgrade ESS. Peritoneal metastases, present in both cases, also presented diagnostic problems until the uterine primaries were recognized. Immunoreactivity for desmin was detected in all primary and metastatic tumor sites examined. We conclude that ESS should be included among the desmin-positive spindle cell sarcomas and that metastatic ESS should be included in the differential diagnosis of “benign” mesenchymal cystic hamartoma of the lung.
Responsibility Budgeting at the Air Force Materiel Command

The case study reported here challenges conventional wisdom about the feasibility of implementing responsibility budgeting and accounting practices in U.S. government. A variant of this practice took root and operated effectively in a large federal agency—the Air Force Materiel Command—during the period of study. Contrary to conventional wisdom, implementing a meaningful form of responsibility budgeting and accounting does not require changes in public management policies or systemic institutional reform. However, the evidence shows that instituting practices of responsibility budgeting and accounting may require considerable administrative ingenuity in adapting the generic practice to the situation at hand.
Policy-makers, market advocates and edu-businesses: new and renewed players in the Spanish education policy arena

This paper discusses issues concerning the implementation of quasi-market dynamics, the introduction of private interests and market rules in the provision of formal education at compulsory levels in the Spanish educational system. It aims to discuss current neoliberal discourses and practices in Spain, suggesting new spaces to be considered in future education policy studies. In the paper, I discuss first the ideological sources on which the political action rests and sketch some basic principles developed by the market advocates in the Spanish case. Secondly, I analyse specific mechanisms implemented to guarantee a fertile ground for the establishment of market dynamics in the education system, which has facilitated a significant growth in the private provision in compulsory education levels throughout the last 30 years. The examples presented in this section refer to two specific regions, the autonomous communities of Andalusia and Madrid, traditionally governed by the socialist and conservative party, respectively. I finally offer some data of the changing nature of the private sector in Spain and present a preliminary analysis of a rising set of new for-profit ventures in education.
Phylogenetic Evidence for the Rapid Evolution of Human B19 Erythrovirus

ABSTRACT Human B19 erythrovirus is a ubiquitous viral pathogen, commonly infecting individuals before adulthood. As with all autonomous parvoviruses, its small single-stranded DNA genome is replicated with host cell machinery. While the mechanism of parvovirus genome replication has been studied in detail, the rate at which B19 virus evolves is unknown. By inferring the phylogenetic history and evolutionary dynamics of temporally sampled B19 sequences, we observed a surprisingly high rate of evolutionary change, at approximately 10−4 nucleotide substitutions per site per year. This rate is more typical of RNA viruses and suggests that high mutation rates are characteristic of the Parvoviridae.
Bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting increases long-term survival in elderly patients.

OBJECTIVES Bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) grafting is extensively underused in coronary artery bypass graft surgery and it is mostly preserved for patients under the age of 70. The purpose of the present study was to compare outcomes in propensity score-matched patients aged 70 years or greater using a BITA, with patients using a single internal thoracic artery (SITA) graft. METHODS Among 18 761 patients operated on in our unit until December 2006, we selected 3496 patients aged 70 years or greater; of these, 1328 received a BITA (BITA group) and 2168 received a SITA (SITA group). Propensity score matching was used to reduce the preoperative patient variability. The 3-month and 10-year survival, stroke, myocardial infarction and sternal wound complication rate (defined as sternal instability or need for refixation) were compared between the two groups. RESULTS After the correction, 892 patients per group were selected. Survival at 3 months was 90.6% in the SITA group and 91.6% in the BITA group (P = 0.34) and at 10 years was 38.9 and 57.5% (P = 0.02), respectively. The rates of stroke (1.01 vs 1.12%, P = 1), myocardial infarction (1.91 vs 2.13%, P = 0.86) and sternal wound complications (3.30 vs 5.42%, P = 0.17) were all similar between the SITA and BITA groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The use of BITA grafting in elderly patients improves the 10-year survival rate, with similar postoperative morbidity. Thus, using adequate selection criteria, this technique should be routinely extended also to patients older than 70 years.
Using Cigarette Taxes When Smokers Are Heterogeneous: Evidence on Hyperbolic Preferences, Endogenous Preferences, Smoking, and Price Elasticity of Smoking in France

I use a unique dataset to estimate the relationship between time preferences, social capital, and the decision to start and quit smoking. I find impatient respondents do not differ much from patient ones, but quasi-hyperbolic respondents tend to smoke more often and have much more difficulties quitting. I also find that trust in the community protects from starting and helps quitting, but sense of control encourages starting smoking. These preliminary results strongly suggest that smokers form a heterogeneous population: I argue that such heterogeneity means that taxes on cigarettes are a blunt and inefficient instrument of public health.
The Relative Merits and Implications of Inflation Targeting for South Africa

This paper describes the main elements of inflation targeting, reviews its pros and cons, and examines the experiences thus far in countries using this framework. It discusses the implications and relative merits of such a framework for South Africa, and concludes that it would be feasible and desirable for South Africa to adopt explicit inflation targeting. Doing so could reduce uncertainties about the Reserve Bank`s objectives and enhance the transparency of monetary policy. However, further experience with the operational aspects of the repurchase system and a refinement of the inflation forecasting framework may be needed before inflation targeting is implemented.
Predicting Student Demand for Online Courses in the College of Business

ABSTRACT Demographic and behavioral characteristics of students in four undergraduate online business courses were analyzed in order to build profiles of online demand, as well as to determine the market segment(s) being served. The analysis revealed student traits that demonstrate multiple market segments being served by these courses. A predictive model was prepared that incorporates key independent student variables that can forecast student demand for courses and degree programs online.
Continuous and Remote Monitoring of Partial Discharge in medium voltage switchgear

This paper is based on two decades of experience with continuous monitoring of Partial Discharge (PD) on medium voltage substations and other equipment. Simple and proven technology uses multiple sensors distributed along a line-up. It allows for additional noise reduction and for localizing of PD activity sources. The importance of continuous PD monitoring vs. periodic PD measurements is discussed considering that PD activity can be very unstable and highly dependent on ambient conditions. Negative periodic PD tests in equipment can result in a false sense of security. Case studies from field experience are presented to support the discussions. Advances in communication and computing have allowed Remote Monitoring and Continuous Monitoring to become very effective combinations to make sense of Partial Discharge diagnostics relieving owners of the burden of data analysis for intricate PD diagnostics. Alarms can be detected and analyzed in near real-time, and previously overlooked pre-failure conditions can be detected to avoid a critical failure. Remote data collection is safe and secure, experts are readily available. Portals and web pages provide easy access to accumulated data for customers.
Survival, proliferation and differentiation enhancement of neural stem cells cultured in three‐dimensional polyethylene glycol–RGD hydrogel with tenascin

Polyethylene glycol hydrogel (PEG) conjugated with arginyl glycyl aspartic acid (RGD) (PEG–RGD) has been considered to be a scaffold in three‐dimensional (3D) culture that improves neurite outgrowth; on the other hand, tenascin C controls neural growth and differentiation. In this study, the effect of a combined RGD and tenascin C mixture in 3D culture (3D‐PEG–RGD–TnC) on the survival, growth and differentiation of neural stem cells. The viability of the culture has been evaluated by live/dead assay and the results show that the viability of NSCs in 3D‐PEG–RGD–TnC is significantly higher than its value in 3D‐PEG–RGD. The proliferation was evaluated by MTS test and was found to be slightly improved but statistically not significant. Accordingly, the differentiation was evaluated by immunoreactivity to nestin, neurofilament 68, neurofilament 160, neurofilament 200 and GFAP; and the expression of nestin, neuro D, musashi1, β‐tubulin III, GFAP, MBP and Oct4 was studied using RT–PCR. The results showed enhancement of the differentiation of NSCs into the neuronal phenotype in 3D‐PEG–RGD–TnC. The morphology of NSCs cultured in 3D‐PEG–RGD–TnC showed neurite outgrowths and increase in the contact between the differentiated cells' extensions. The conclusion of this study was that NSC survival, proliferation and differentiation are enhanced when the cells are cultured in 3D‐PEG–RGD–TnC. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WELFARE PROBLEMS IN DAIRY CALVES

The most significant welfare problems in dairy calves in intensive rearing conditions have been investigated in this paper. These problems mainly result from inadequate intake of colostrum (separation from the dam), inadequate ventilation (resulting in inappropriate airflow, low or high temperatures, high humidity and poor air quality), poor floor conditions (wet floor, without bedding), inadequate monitoring of health, exposure to pathogens causing respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders and occurrence of iron deficiency. In addition, on cattle farms in our country welfare problems in calves originate from continuous restocking (no "all in - all out") and mixing calves from different sources, as well as insufficiently balanced solid food, insufficient access to water and generally poor response of farmer to health problems, especially necessary dietary changes. A special welfare problem is insufficient floor space allowance which results in calf's discomfort.
Creating Decent Jobs: the Role of Regulation in Facilitating Transitions Between Employment and Unemployment in the Labour Market

Many economists and other conservative commentators have advocated 'labour market deregulation' as the way to promote employment growth in welfare-capitalist democracies. Much of this debate assumes a simplistic, legally focused definition of 'regulation'; whereas labour markets are in fact constituted and regulated by the state and other actors on the basis of a variety of legal and non-legal regulatory techniques. In this article, consideration is given to the potential of three state 'economic policy instruments' - investment incentives, public procurement and public-private projects - to facilitate the creation of decent jobs in a manner consistent with the theory of transitional labour markets. It is argued that these instruments are regulatory techniques by which governments can promote flexibility and security in transitions between employment and unemployment without undermining the role of labour law and social security regimes in maintaining social protection.
Alimentary Absorption of L-Arabinose and D-Xylose in Chicks.∗

Summary Studies were conducted to determine the alimentary absorption of L-ara-binose and D-xylose in chicks during 30 minutes following dose by stomach-tube. The rates of absorption of L-arabinose and D-xylose were compared to that of D-glucose from 3-12 days of age. Absorption velocity of L-arabinose was lower than that of D-glucose and D-xylose. This age range did not influence the absorption rate of any of the test sugars. Increase in dose concentration correspondingly increased rate of absorption. The data suggest that at lower dose concentration D-glucose is absorbed more rapidly than D-xylose, but at higher concentration absorption rates of the two sugars are re versed. It is confirmed that the chick's gut possesses selective absorption capacity a early as 3 days of age.
CLASSICAL, KEYNES' AND NEOCLASSICAL INVESTMENT THEORY-A SYNTHESIS

This paper presents an investment theory for the firm and the indu stry under rational expectations that encompasses: (1) classical capital theory; (2) a solid microeconomic basis for Keynes's investment theory; and (3) traditi onal neoclassical investment theory for the firm. These three types of investmen t theory are consequently complementary rather than contradictory. Classical cap ital theory is relevant for a comparative statics analysis of long- run equilibri a. Keynes's investment theory is applicable for the determination of the industr y's investment, given any expected paths for demand, supply, and technology. Neo classical investment theory for the firm is relevant to analyze effects of chang es that affect a single firm only. Copyright 1986 by Royal Economic Society.
Immigrants' Time Use: A Survey of Methods and Evidence

This paper discusses research questions related to immigrants' time use, reviews conceptual and methodological approaches to examining time allocations, and reviews evidence from previous studies. It provides new descriptive evidence, using time-diary data from the American Time Use Survey. Although results vary with the country of origin, immigrant men in the U.S. tend to devote more time to market work and sleeping but less time to housework, community activities, and leisure than native men. Immigrant women tend to devote more time to housework, caregiving and sleep but less time to market work, community activities, and leisure than native women.
Extending the Field of View With Phased Array Techniques: Results of European SKA Research

The radio frequency window of the square kilometre array is planned to cover the wavelength regime from centimeters up to a few meters. For this range to be optimally covered, different antenna concepts are considered. At the lowest frequency range, up to a few gigahertz, it is expected that multibeam techniques will be used, increasing the effective field-of-view to a level that allows very efficient detailed and sensitive exploration of the complete sky. Although sparse narrow-band phased arrays are as old as radio astronomy, multioctave sparse and dense arrays now considered for the SKA require new low-noise design, signal processing, and calibration techniques. The successful implementation of these new array techniques has already been introduced for the use of phased array feeds upgrading existing telescopes: enhancing aperture efficiency as well as effective field-of-view. Especially the development of low-cost array antenna design will allow a cost-effective large-scale implementation for the SKA. This paper addresses these new capabilities, emphasizing the R&D work done in Europe and aims to provide insight into the status of enabling technologies and technical research on polarization, calibration, and side-lobe control that will unleash the potential of phased arrays for future growth of radio astronomy synthesis arrays.
The Empirical Research about the Impact of Seller Reputation on C2C Online Trading: The Case of Taobao

With the improvement of China's Internet penetration and a shift in consumption consciousness, user scale and market size of online trading reached a new height, and C2C e-commerce has the most rapid development. As the seller and buyer of online transaction in a state of isolation in time and space, there is serious information asymmetry. So the reputation problems that exist in the online trading have become the concern of many people. The seller reputation can evaluate the past behavior of seller. Hence, the higher reputation can reduce the potential risk of the transaction and increase the transaction tendencies and actions of buyers. Due to the biggest market share of the C2C e-commerce platform in China and a higher awareness of user groups, Taobao.com is selected as research subject. We collected 1379 useful seller reputation information from five merchandise categories. Then, hypotheses about the influence of online sales volume and price were put forward, and the research model was established. Next, correlation analysis and linear regression analysis was employed to test hypotheses and the research model in the C2C online trading environment. The results showed that reputation rating and reputation score has a significant positive effect on sales volume and price, and there is a negative impact on the sales of the existence of violation. Match degree of description, seller attitude and delivery speed in the dynamic rating have a greater impact on sales price than volume. Match degree of description and delivery speed has a promoting role. Freight borne by the seller has a positive impact on sales volume.
Dosimetry Evaluation for Pregnant and Fetus Rats in a Near-Field Exposure System of 1.95-GHz Cellular Phones

In this letter, the dosimetry for pregnant rats and their fetuses in an in vivo exposure setup is conducted by using the finite-difference time-domain method in conjunction with anatomically based pregnant rat models. The exposure setup has been developed for testing possible indirect biological effects on fetuses when the pregnant rats are exposed to 1.95-GHz digital cellular phones. As a result, it is found that the whole-body average specific absorption rate (SAR) for the fetuses varies between 0.02-0.40 W/kg when the brain-average SAR for the mother rats varies between 1.4-2.6 W/kg.
The state of disclosures on stakeholder engagement in sustainability reporting in Australian local councils

Purpose – This study aims to examine the state and extent of disclosures on stakeholder engagement in sustainability reporting in Australian local councils. Design/methodology/approach – Content analysis was used to analyse 23 sustainability/state of environment/annual reports out of a total of 563 local councils (city, shire, district, borough and regional) in Australia for the year 2009-2010 – those found to be using stakeholder engagement in the development of sustainability reports. A stakeholder engagement index was developed on the basis of the literature review to examine the extent of disclosures on stakeholder engagement. Findings – This study identifies: the Australian local councils that are engaging with their stakeholders in the development of sustainability reports; key stakeholders for sustainability reports; extent of engagement; media and approaches used for engagement; and difficulties in the engagement process. The results suggest that stakeholder engagement is an essential component in.
Genetic risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis differ in Caucasian and Korean populations.

OBJECTIVE Recent studies have identified a number of novel rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility loci in Caucasian populations. The aim of this study was to determine whether the genetic variants at 4q27, 6q23, CCL21, TRAF1/C5, and CD40 identified in Caucasians are also associated with RA in a Korean case-control collection. We also comprehensively evaluated the genetic variation within PTPN22, a well-established autoimmune disease-associated gene. METHODS We designed an experiment to thoroughly evaluate the PTPN22 linkage disequilibrium region, using tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and disease-associated SNPs at 5 RA-associated loci recently identified in Caucasians, in 1,128 Korean patients with RA and 1,022 ethnically matched control subjects. We also resequenced the PTPN22 gene to seek novel coding variants that might be contributing to disease in this population. RESULTS None of the susceptibility loci identified in Caucasian patients with RA contributed significantly to disease in Koreans. Although tag SNPs covering the PTPN22 linkage disequilibrium block were polymorphic, they did not reveal any disease association, and resequencing did not identify any new common coding region variants in this population. The 6q23 and 4q27 SNPs assayed were nonpolymorphic in this population, and the TRAF1/C5, CD40, and CCL21 SNPs did not show any evidence for association with RA in this population of Korean patients. CONCLUSION The genetic risk factors for RA are different in Caucasian and Korean patients. Although patients of different ethnic groups share the HLA region as a major genetic risk locus, most other genes shown to be significantly associated with disease in Caucasians appear not to play a role in Korean patients with RA.
Effects of Sampling Rate for 2D Digital Signals on the Velocity Selection

In order to extract the required information from two-dimensional (2D) seismic signals, the 2D velocity filter may be used. In this paper, the effects of the inter sensor distance in a linear array of sensors on the bandwidth of the filter is discussed. The power spectral density (PSD) of discrete time-space singal obtained from a computer experiment has been analysed. This is used to illustrate the effects of sampling rate on the velocity selection. The time-space sampling technique is applied to continuous-parameter timespace signals.