Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal model parameters for multi-objective large-eddy simulations

A methodology is proposed for the assessment of error dynamics in large-eddy simulations. It is demonstrated that the optimization of model parameters with respect to one flow property can be obtained at the expense of the accuracy with which other flow properties are predicted. Therefore, an approach is introduced which allows to assess the total errors based on various flow properties simultaneously. We show that parameter settings exist, for which all monitored errors are "near optimal," and refer to such regions as "multi-objective optimal parameter regions. " We focus on multi-objective errors that are obtained from weighted spectra, emphasizing both large- as well small-scale errors. These multi-objective optimal parameter regions depend strongly on the simulation Reynolds number and the resolution. At too coarse resolutions, no multi-objective optimal regions might exist as not all error-components might simultaneously be sufficiently small. The identification of multi-objective optimal parameter regions can be adopted to effectively compare different subgrid models. A comparison between large-eddy simulations using the Lilly-Smagorinsky model, the dynamic Smagorinsky model and a new Re-consistent eddy-viscosity model is made, which illustrates this. Based on the new methodology for error assessment the latter model is found to be the most accurate and robust among the selected subgrid models, in combination with the finite volume discretization used in the present study.
Coherent vs. Persistent Scatterers: A Case Study

In this paper a comparison between two typologies of point-like scatterers in SAR images, named Persistent Scatterers (PSs) and Coherent Scatterers (CSs) is proposed. The PSs are detected through the analysis of large stack of data, implying their temporal stability, and have been principally used for SAR interferometric applications. Differently, CSs are detected in single SAR images through their spectral correlation properties and have been applied for parameters extraction by means of polarimetric data. The main research in this paper is focused to the CSs temporal stability and to the result obtained, for image time series and with both categories of point-like scatterers, concerning Line of Sight (LOS) displacement measurements.
Unihemispheric sleep and asymmetrical sleep: behavioral, neurophysiological, and functional perspectives

Sleep is a behavior characterized by a typical body posture, both eyes’ closure, raised sensory threshold, distinctive electrographic signs, and a marked decrease of motor activity. In addition, sleep is a periodically necessary behavior and therefore, in the majority of animals, it involves the whole brain and body. However, certain marine mammals and species of birds show a different sleep behavior, in which one cerebral hemisphere sleeps while the other is awake. In dolphins, eared seals, and manatees, unihemispheric sleep allows them to have the benefits of sleep, breathing, thermoregulation, and vigilance. In birds, antipredation vigilance is the main function of unihemispheric sleep, but in domestic chicks, it is also associated with brain lateralization or dominance in the control of behavior. Compared to bihemispheric sleep, unihemispheric sleep would mean a reduction of the time spent sleeping and of the associated recovery processes. However, the behavior and health of aquatic mammals and birds does not seem at all impaired by the reduction of sleep. The neural mechanisms of unihemispheric sleep are unknown, but assuming that the neural structures involved in sleep in cetaceans, seals, and birds are similar to those of terrestrial mammals, it is suggested that they involve the interaction of structures of the hypothalamus, basal forebrain, and brain stem. The neural mechanisms promoting wakefulness dominate one side of the brain, while those promoting sleep predominates the other side. For cetaceans, unihemispheric sleep is the only way to sleep, while in seals and birds, unihemispheric sleep events are intermingled with bihemispheric and rapid eye movement sleep events. Electroencephalogram hemispheric asymmetries are also reported during bihemispheric sleep, at awakening, and at sleep onset, as well as being associated with a use-dependent process (local sleep).
Proxy for Low-Power Operation of Wireless Clients

LIMITED DISTRIBUTION NOTICE: This report has been submitted for publication outside of IBM and will probably be copyrighted if accepted for publication. It has been issued as a Research Report for early dissemination of its contents. In view of the transfer of copyright to the outside publisher, its distribution outside of IBM prior to publication should be limited to peer communications and specific requests. After outside publication, requests should be filled only by reprints or legally obtained copies of the article (e.g. , payment of royalties). Copies may be requested from IBM T. J. Wireless LAN (WLAN) interfaces are responsible for a significant fraction of the total energy consumed by a large class of mobile client devices. WLAN interfaces have power saving features which enable substantial energy reductions during long idle intervals. However, during periods of activity, when data transfers occur, the nature of the network traffic is hard to predict and this prevents the network interface from fully utilizing the power-save features between packet receptions. This paper introduces a web proxy architecture designed to enable further reductions in the energy consumed by WLAN interfaces. The proxy modulates the traffic directed to the wireless client into alternating intervals of high and no communication. The modulation takes into account the semantics of the web traffic and the configuration of the client's WLAN interface. As a result, the interface spends more time in power-save mode and less time in active mode. Initial experiments show energy reductions of 13% and higher on popular web sites such as CNN and NY Times, and up to 56% when downloading large objects. The architecture does not require any modifications of the client or server applications.
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibition Promotes Neurological Recovery, Peri-Lesional Tissue Remodeling, and Contralesional Pyramidal Tract Plasticity after Focal Cerebral Ischemia

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors are widely used for secondary stroke prevention. Besides their lipid-lowering activity, pleiotropic effects on neuronal survival, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis have been described. In view of these observations, we were interested whether HMG-CoA reductase inhibition in the post-acute stroke phase promotes neurological recovery, peri-lesional, and contralesional neuronal plasticity. We examined effects of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor rosuvastatin (0.2 or 2.0 mg/kg/day i.c.v.), administered starting 3 days after 30 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion for 30 days. Here, we show that rosuvastatin treatment significantly increased the grip strength and motor coordination of animals, promoted exploration behavior, and reduced anxiety. It was associated with structural remodeling of peri-lesional brain tissue, reflected by increased neuronal survival, enhanced capillary density, and reduced striatal and corpus callosum atrophy. Increased sprouting of contralesional pyramidal tract fibers crossing the midline in order to innervate the ipsilesional red nucleus was noticed in rosuvastatin compared with vehicle-treated mice, as shown by anterograde tract tracing experiments. Western blot analysis revealed that the abundance of HMG-CoA reductase was increased in the contralesional hemisphere at 14 and 28 days post-ischemia. Our data support the idea that HMG-CoA reductase inhibition promotes brain remodeling and plasticity far beyond the acute stroke phase, resulting in neurological recovery.
RNA Secondary Structure and Sequence Variability of Apple Stem Pitting Virus

Nucleotide sequences of coat protein (CP) gene from 6 isolates of Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) were obtained. Sequence analysis of CP gene showed nucleotide identities ranged from 68.7 to 99.7%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all ASPV isolates fell into three groups. To a certain extent, the groups were related to the host origins of virus. The hypervariable and conserved region could be found in the CP gene. The variations of nucleotide sequence and predicted RNA secondary structure were analyzed for the CP gene, and the characteristic of RNA secondary structure of ASPV 5' and 3' untranslated region (UTR) were also studied. The result indicated that predicted RNA secondary structures could play an important role in studying the molecular variation of virus. The 3' UTR of ASPV RNA was predicted to contain four stem-loop structures, and it was likely to imply that the variation of RNA secondary structure was related to groups of phylogenetic analysis.
Parameterized model order reduction of nonlinear dynamical systems

In this paper we present a parameterized reduction technique for non-linear systems. Our approach combines an existing non-parameterized trajectory piecewise linear method for non-linear systems, with an existing moment matching parameterized technique for linear systems. Results and comparisons are presented for two examples: an analog non-linear circuit, and a MEM switch.
Risks and benefits of omega 3 fats for mortality, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: systematic review

Abstract Objective To review systematically the evidence for an effect of long chain and shorter chain omega 3 fatty acids on total mortality, cardiovascular events, and cancer. Data sources Electronic databases searched to February 2002; authors contacted and bibliographies of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) checked to locate studies. Review methods Review of RCTs of omega 3 intake for 3 6 months in adults (with or without risk factors for cardiovascular disease) with data on a relevant outcome. Cohort studies that estimated omega 3 intake and related this to clinical outcome during at least 6 months were also included. Application of inclusion criteria, data extraction, and quality assessments were performed independently in duplicate. Results Of 15 159 titles and abstracts assessed, 48 RCTs (36 913 participants) and 41 cohort studies were analysed. The trial results were inconsistent. The pooled estimate showed no strong evidence of reduced risk of total mortality (relative risk 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.73 to 1.03) or combined cardiovascular events (0.95, 0.82 to 1.12) in participants taking additional omega 3 fats. The few studies at low risk of bias were more consistent, but they showed no effect of omega 3 on total mortality (0.98, 0.70 to 1.36) or cardiovascular events (1.09, 0.87 to 1.37). When data from the subgroup of studies of long chain omega 3 fats were analysed separately, total mortality (0.86, 0.70 to 1.04; 138 events) and cardiovascular events (0.93, 0.79 to 1.11) were not clearly reduced. Neither RCTs nor cohort studies suggested increased risk of cancer with a higher intake of omega 3 (trials: 1.07, 0.88 to 1.30; cohort studies: 1.02, 0.87 to 1.19), but clinically important harm could not be excluded. Conclusion Long chain and shorter chain omega 3 fats do not have a clear effect on total mortality, combined cardiovascular events, or cancer.
Chapter 15 : RNA tertiary structure prediction

1 GOAL AND CHAPTER ORGANIZATION During the last decade, the number of high-quality X-ray crystallographic ribonucleic acid (RNA) three-dimensional (3-D) structures has increased significantly, and the resolution of the large ribosomal subunit crystal structure was considered a major step towards a better understanding of RNA tertiary structure and folding. The recent discovery of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway (see Chapter 46) has also contributed greatly to the popularity of RNAs, by suggesting their direct implication in genetic expression and regulation. More than ever, determining rapidly and precisely the tertiary structure and function of non-coding RNAs is a crucial step towards our understanding of several cellular metabolic pathways.
The effect of cytosine arabinoside on virus production in various cells infected with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2.

Experiments on the inhibition of the replication of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in human embryonic kidney and primary rabbit kidney cells by cytosine arabinoside have shown that synthesis of infectious herpes simplex virus type 1 is 2 to 3 times more sensitive to the analog than that of type 2. With labeled analog, it appears that the relatively greater concentrations of cytosine arabinoside necessary in hamster embryo fibroblast cells, compared with rabbit cells, is probably due to the less efficient uptake of the analog by these cells. Isopycnic cesium chloride centrifugations of Sarkosyl-Pronase digests of cells have shown that cytosine arabinoside may be incorporated into herpesvirus DNA as well as into cellular DNA, the uptake into the DNA of herpes simplex virus type 2 being somewhat greater than that of type 1.
Predation of amphibians by carabid beetles of the genus Epomis found in the central coastal plain of Israel

Abstract The genus Epomis is represented in Israel by two species: Epomis dejeani and Epomis circumscriptus. In the central coastal plain these species are sympatric but do not occur in the same sites. The objective of this study was to record and describe trophic interactions between the adult beetles and amphibian species occurring in the central coastal plain of Israel. Day and night surveys at three sites, as well as controlled laboratory experiments were conducted for studying beetle-amphibian trophic interaction. In the field we recorded three cases of Epomis dejeani preying upon amphibian metamorphs and also found that Epomis adults share shelters with amphibians. Laboratory experiments supported the observations that both Epomis species can prey on amphibians. Predation of the three anuran species (Bufo viridis, Hyla savignyi and Rana bedriagae) and two urodele species (Triturus vittatus and Salamandra salamandra infraimmaculata) is described. Only Epomis dejeani consumed Triturus vittatus. Therefore, we conclude that the two species display a partial overlap in food habit.
A decision making framework for game playing using evolutionary optimization and learning

We introduce a decision making framework that uses evolutionary and learning methods. It is applied to competitive games to learn online the current opponent strategy and to adapt the system counter-strategy appropriately. We compared our system for the iterated prisoner's dilemma and rock-paper-scissors with three other methods against different typical game strategies as opponents. Results show that our system performs best in most cases and is able to adapt its strategy online to the current opponent. Moreover we could show that a good prediction of the opponent is no guaranty for a good payoff, since a good prediction is often the result of a poor opponent strategy which leads to a low payoff for both players.
Predicting the risk of death in patients in intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND The ability to identify critically ill patients who will not survive until hospital discharge may yield substantial cost savings. The aim of this study was to validate the mortality prediction model II (MPM II) in in-hospital mortality of critically ill patients for quality management and risk-adjusted monitoring. METHODS The data were collected prospectively from consecutive admissions to the Intensive Care Unit of Imam Hossein Medical Center in Tehran. A total of 274 admissions were analyzed using tests of discrimination and calibration of the logistic regression equation for mortality prediction model II at admission (MPM0 II) and at 24th hour (MPM24 II). RESULTS The mortality prediction model II exhibited excellent discrimination (receiver operating characteristic curve area). Calibration curves and Hosmer-Lemeshow statistics demonstrated good calibration of both models on outcome. CONCLUSION We recommend using mortality prediction model II in Iranian ICUs for routine audit requirements. Mortality prediction model II is not affected by the standards of treatment after admission to ICU. The information needed to calculate mortality prediction model II is easy to collect, and the model is applicable to all ICU admitted patients.
NGSLT Speech and Speaker Recognition course (Spring 2007) Phonetic Modeling in ASR (Russian speech) - the impact on performance

In this term paper for NGSLT course “Speech and Speaker Recognition” we will describe the method for pronunciation modeling, which makes part of automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology for Russian, developed by R’n’D department at Vocative, ltd, where the author works. The method comprises both canonical transcription generation and pronunciation variation modeling. The key idea of the current work is to automate the process of lexicon generation for a given recognition task and to inspect the impact of modeling pronunciation variation on ASR performance. Specific issues concerning pronunciation variation in Russian are discussed and the results on several recognition tasks are presented.
Network connectivity through small openings

Network connectivity is usually addressed for convex domains where a direct line of sight exists between any two transmitting/receiving nodes. Here, we develop a general theory for the network connectivity properties across a small opening, rendering the domain essentially non-convex. Our analytic approach can go only so far as we encounter what is referred to in statistical physics as quenched disorder making the problem non-trivial. We confirm our theory through computer simulations, obtain leading order approximations and discuss possible extensions and applications.
The Geometry and Topology on Grassmann Manifolds

This paper shows that the Grassmann Manifolds $G_{\bf F}(n,N)$ can all be imbedded in an Euclidean space $M_{\bf F}(N)$ naturally and the imbedding can be realized by the eigenfunctions of Laplacian $\triangle$ on $G_{\bf F}(n,N)$. They are all minimal submanifolds in some spheres of $M_{\bf F}(N)$ respectively. Using these imbeddings, we construct some degenerate Morse functions on Grassmann Manifolds, show that the homology of the complex and quaternion Grassmann Manifolds can be computed easily.
Frequency-Dependent Brain Regional Homogeneity Alterations in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment during Working Memory State Relative to Resting State

Several studies have reported working memory deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, previous studies investigating the neural mechanisms of MCI have primarily focused on brain activity alterations during working memory tasks. No study to date has compared brain network alterations in the working memory state between MCI patients and normal control (NC) subjects. Therefore, using the index of regional homogeneity (ReHo), we explored brain network impairments in MCI patients during a working memory task relative to the resting state, and identified frequency-dependent effects in separate frequency bands.Our results indicate that, in MCI patients, ReHo is altered in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in the slow-3 band (0.073–0.198 Hz), and in the bottom of the right occipital lobe and part of the right cerebellum, the right thalamus, a diffusing region in the bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), the left and right parietal-occipital regions, and the right angular gyrus in the slow-5 band (0.01–0.027 Hz). Furthermore, in NCs, the value of ReHo in clusters belonging to the default mode network (DMN) decreased, while the value of ReHo in clusters belonging to the attentional network increased during the task state. However, this pattern was reversed in MCI patients, and was associated with decreased working memory performance. In addition, we identified altered functional connectivity of the abovementioned regions with other parts of the brain in MCI patients. This is the first study to compare frequency-dependent alterations of ReHo in MCI patients between resting and working memory states. The results provide a new perspective regarding the neural mechanisms of working memory deficits in MCI patients, and extend our knowledge of altered brain patterns in resting and task-evoked states.
On using reviews and comments for cross domain recommendations and decision making

To help people make choices and take decisions is an important function of recommender system. Reviews and comments that are written online by users after watching movies, reading books, listening to music or purchasing a specific item, are important sources of user generated data, which can be utilized for decision making using recommendations given to user by the recommender system. When the available data in one domain is sparse, data (content and ratings) from other domains can be used to make cross domain recommendations. In this paper we have used this content information as well as ratings of both domains where there is no user-item overlap between the given domains for cross domain recommendations. User generated content (reviews and comments) crawled from web requires topic modeling to discover the latent thematic structure in the corpora of both domains. Since the topics in both domains are dissimilar, we have compared various approaches based on semantic space of corpus and knowledge based methods for finding cross domain recommendations. Experimental results show improvement in precision in recommendations over existing approach based on semantic clustering.
Misuse Cases: Use Cases with Hostile Intent

Humans have analyzed negative scenarios ever since they first sat around Ice Age campfires debating the dangers of catching a woolly rhinoceros: "What if it turns and charges us before it falls into the pit? " A more recent scenario is "What if the hackers launch a denial-of-service attack? " Modern systems engineers can employ a misuse case, the negative form of a use case, to document and analyze such scenarios. A misuse case is simply a use case from the point of view of an actor hostile to the system under design. Misuse cases have many possible applications and interact with use cases in interesting and helpful ways. The paper discusses the elicitation of safety requirements from failure cases and considers the interplay of design, functional, and nonfunctional requirements.
Semantic Framework for Electronic Health Records

Many countries are in the run for implementing their local electronic health strategies, on top of the existing health systems administrative and clinical procedures. There have been international successful initiatives in these cases, however, a substantial effort is necessary in order to adapt the best practices to national realities. In Brazil, the effort of implementing a technological solution, inspired by these international cases, is underway. This paper describes the context where the solution was developed: the implementation of the e-health EHR platform in Brazil. It brings the technical specification of a semantic framework developed and used in a SOA-based infrastructure that enables the EHR solutions for the Brazilian public health system. We present here the creation and use of an Information Model and a Knowledge Model, composed with the use of archetypes and templates, based on the OpenEHR formats. The use of EHR archetype definition languages is also presented here. The semantic framework is based on the setting up of a clinical knowledge model and a terminology server that makes use of Snomed-CT.