Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symmetry Breaking for Answer Set Programming

In the context of answer set programming, this work investigates symmetry detection and symmetry breaking to eliminate symmetric parts of the search space and, thereby, simplify the solution process. We contribute a reduction of symmetry detection to a graph automorphism problem which allows to extract symmetries of a logic program from the symmetries of the constructed coloured graph. We also propose an encoding of symmetry-breaking constraints in terms of permutation cycles and use only generators in this process which implicitly represent symmetries and always with exponential compression. These ideas are formulated as preprocessing and implemented in a completely automated flow that first detects symmetries from a given answer set program, adds symmetry-breaking constraints, and can be applied to any existing answer set solver. We demonstrate computational impact on benchmarks versus direct application of the solver. Furthermore, we explore symmetry breaking for answer set programming in two domains: first, constraint answer set programming as a novel approach to represent and solve constraint satisfaction problems, and second, distributed nonmonotonic multi-context systems. In particular, we formulate a translation-based approach to constraint answer set solving which allows for the application of our symmetry detection and symmetry breaking methods. To compare their performance with a-priori symmetry breaking techniques, we also contribute a decomposition of the global value precedence constraint that enforces domain consistency on the original constraint via the unit-propagation of an answer set solver. We evaluate both options in an empirical analysis. In the context of distributed nonmonotonic multi-context system, we develop an algorithm for distributed symmetry detection and also carry over symmetry-breaking constraints for distributed answer set programming.
Investigating time relations in musical instrument's masterclasses

Even though musical instrument’s individual classes in conservatoires and schools of music have been investigated by many authors, there is still demand for specific studies regarding the unique characteristics of masterclasses. The present work analyzes two of these characteristics: masterclass durations and the time spent by both professor and student in the context of music festivals. One hundred and thirty masterclasses that took place in Brazil and Portugal were analyzed by the researchers. All masterclasses had their durations measured according to the following parameters: total duration, student speaking time, student performance, instructor speaking time, and instructor performance. The average masterclass duration was 34 min 37 s, with a standard deviation (SD) of 26 min 46 s. This high variability seems to be related to the challenges of predicting the duration of a masterclass, which depends on a multitude of factors, such as the instructor’s individual teaching strategies, time limits defined by festival organization, and the student’s performance level. Time spent between student and instructor shows that masterclasses often do not focus on verbal dialogue. A longitudinal study becomes necessary to investigate if there is musical learning in fact or just the momentary reproduction of interpretative ideas suggested by the instructor.
Effectiveness of zinc acetate injection in alleviating postweaning performance lag in pigs.

Four trials were conducted using crossbred pigs (n = 308) to determine the effects of Zn acetate injection near weaning on serum Zn concentrations and performance. In Trial 1, 78 pigs (BW of 5.1 kg and age of 18 d) were injected i.m. 3 d before weaning with either 3 mg of Zn from Zn acetate (in saline) per kilogram of BW or saline. Serum Zn concentrations were higher (P < .05) for Zn-injected pigs at 1 wk postweaning than for controls. In Trial 2, 96 pigs (BW of 7.2 kg and age of 26 d) were used to compare time of i.p. injection of Zn (weaning or 12 h postweaning) and amount of Zn injected (0, 3, or 4 mg of Zn/kg of BW). Serum Zn concentrations were higher (P < .01) in Zn-injected pigs 1 d after injections and remained higher than those in controls until after wk 2. In Trial 3 (n = 30, BW of 6.9 kg and 24 d of age), pigs that were injected with 3 mg of Zn/kg BW i.p. 3 d postweaning had lower (P < .05) ADG and ADFI and lower (P < .01) gain/feed from d 4 to d 7 postweaning than controls. Zinc-injected pigs had higher (P < .05) serum Zn concentrations at d 7. In Trial 4, 104 pigs (BW of 6.4 kg) were used in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: 1) regrouped 3 d before weaning or not regrouped, 2) Zn injections (3 mg i.p.) or placebo, and 3) time of injection, 2 d before or 1 d after weaning. All pigs were weaned at 23 d of age. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pathways of Behavior Problems From Childhood to Late Adolescence Leading to Delinquency and Academic Underachievement

Adolescent delinquency and academic underachievement are both linked with child and adolescent behavior problems. However, little is known about behavioral pathways leading to these adverse outcomes. Children's aggression, opposition, status violations, and property violations scores were collected at ages 5, 10, and 18. Delinquency and academic functioning was rated at age 18. Age 18 status violations were linked to delinquency, and property violations to academic underachievement. Engagement in status and property violations was predicted by childhood opposition. Findings suggest that (a) disaggregated forms of externalizing behavior are needed to understand behavioral pathways to adverse outcomes and (b) prevention of adolescent delinquency and academic underachievement should target childhood opposition.
kpath: integration of metabolic pathway linked data

In the last few years, the Life Sciences domain has experienced a rapid growth in the amount of available biological databases. The heterogeneity of these databases makes data integration a challenging issue. Some integration challenges are locating resources, relationships, data formats, synonyms or ambiguity. The Linked Data approach partially solves the heterogeneity problems by introducing a uniform data representation model. Linked Data refers to a set of best practices for publishing and connecting structured data on the Web. This article introduces kpath, a database that integrates information related to metabolic pathways. kpath also provides a navigational interface that enables not only the browsing, but also the deep use of the integrated data to build metabolic networks based on existing disperse knowledge. This user interface has been used to showcase relationships that can be inferred from the information available in several public databases. Database URL: The public Linked Data repository can be queried at http://sparql.kpath. khaos.uma.es using the graph URI “www.khaos.uma.es/metabolic-pathways-app”. The GUI providing navigational access to kpath database is available at http://browser.kpath. khaos.uma.es.
A Survey on Pseudonym Management Scheme in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

Objectives : To evaluate various pseudonym management schemes in vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) for enhancing confidentiality or ambiguity. Methods: Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is one of the categories in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET), which is created for the intelligent transport system (ITS). VANET is utilizes to permit vehicles in terms of self-organized network system not including the requirement of the enduring transportation. The pseudonym management is the technique amongst the road side units (RSU) and vehicles for providing the requirements of the vehicles. The major issue in VANET is anonymity which is achieved through pseudonym management technique. There are different approaches developed to support the anonymity in VANET. Findings : This paper investigates detailed information of different approaches and finally compared their effectiveness. Application/Improvements : The finding of this work shows that Pseudonym shuffling process based scheme is better than other techniques.
Temporal and Sentimental Analysis of A Real Case of Fake Reviews in Taiwan

Product reviews are important information sources for consumers as they make their purchasing decisions. However, some unethical firms hire fake reviewers to generate biased positive reviews to promote their product and to damage the product reputations of their competitors. From the point of view of online product review platform providers, it is essential to keep the platform neutral and unbiased by detecting fake reviews and preventing fake reviewers from spreading biased reviews. In the current study, we attempt to use temporal and sentiment analyses as cues to separate fake reviews from authentic product reviews. Real case data of fake reviews in Taiwan was used for this temporal and sentiment analysis. Based on the analysis results, we find that fake reviewers usually generated and replied to fake reviewers during normal work hours. In contrast, ordinary users only generated and replied to a small proportion of normal product reviews during work hours. They generated and replied to normal product reviews the most during off-work hours and weekends. Additionally, the current study also revealed that more than half of fake reviewers replied others’ responses to their own fake reviews no later than within one day. The research results revealed that temporal and sentiment analyses have the potential to serve as cues to detect fake reviews and fake reviewers.
Routing of VoIP trafic in multi-layered Satelite Networks

Broadband satelite constelation networks wil be required to cary al types of IP trafic, real time interactive trafic as wel as nonreal time trafic, warranting the need for appropriate QoS for these different trafic flows. In this paper we investigate advantages of employing constraint-based routing using MPLS in a multilayered hierarchical satelite constelation. Bandwidth availability or residual bandwidth on a satelite link is taken into account when seting up routes for high priority real-time trafic e.g. VoIP, which is sensitive to delay and jiter. Also to protect the VoIP trafic from being swamped by bursty best-effort trafic we propose to have a separate queue for high priority trafic. The performance of the prioritized load balancing routing algorithm on a multi-layered satelite network is simulated and analyzed.
Dynamic Bayesian network based event detection for soccer highlight extraction

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to event detection in soccer videos using dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs). Based on such high level semantics, say, events, more meaningful soccer highlights are extracted. As a powerful statistical tool for time series signal processing, DBNs provide us with a feasible method to model sports events by combining contextual information and prior knowledge. In particular, we first develop a DBN model to interpret high-level events composed of low-level primitives in a soccer video. Then, we select a set of robust statistical features as observation input. Finally, the DBN model is gleaned to figure out the most likely series of events. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been demonstrated by our experiments.
Unequal Laws Unto a Savage Race: European Legal Traditions in Arkansas, 1686-1836

The pre-statehood legal history of Arkansas is not vast and all of it is carefully collected and engagingly presented here. The subject falls into three neat periods—the French (1686-1766), the Spanish (1766-1804) and the American (1804-1836)—with each succeeding period producing more activity than the one preceding. Though the exertion of French sovereignty and some manifestations of jurisdiction for the settlement of disputes in the Arkansas region extended from 1686, the actual evidence of legal transactions dates from the early 1740s. (pp. 17-18, 36) Thus the whole period under study is just under a century. During the time of French dominance in the Mississippi valley and the Spanish period that followed it, government of the province of Louisiana was highly centralized; therefore most litigation beyond very modest upper limits was required to be conducted at New Orleans. Thus, legal activity at the remote outposts of settlement along the river, including those in the Arkansas region, was generally limited to occasional commercial contracts and legal formalities relating to marriage and death and their consequences. In all such matters the notary was the principal actor in the continental legal tradition. During the French period a notary was sometimes designated for some of the smaller settlements, but the size and importance of the Arkansas Post did not warrant one, and notarial responsibility was therefore shared between the military commandant and the local priest. During the Spanish period the commandant on the Arkansas River, as elsewhere, was authorized to perform notarial functions with the assistance of two witnesses. Beyond his function of settling minor disputes within a very restricted upper monetary limit, the commandant's legal responsibility was to apply his powers of persuasion to keep down disputes and to maintain order. When matters of greater moment were in controversy, the commandant's duty was largely that of a gatherer of facts, committed to writing and forwarded to New Orleans for judicial consideration, (pp. 55-59) On the rendition of the judgment, the commandant would then attend to its local enforcement. (p. 62) One infers, though, that the commandant's powers over more serious disputes tended to expand at the remote posts as the years went by. But as long as a low jurisdictional limit was maintained, residents of Arkansas and other frontier posts customarily used a power of attorney to designate an agent to conduct litigation and other legal business in New Orleans.
Clinical use of hydroxyethylstarch: colloidal confusion or clarity?

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A Boundary Condition-Based Approach to the Modeling of Memristor Nanostructures

A deep theoretical discussion proves that in Joglekar's and Biolek's models the memductance-flux relation of a memristor driven by a sign-varying voltage source may only exhibit single-valuedness and multi-valuedness respectively. This manuscript derives a novel boundary condition-based Model for memristor nanostructures. Unlike previous models, the proposed one allows for closed-form solutions. More importantly, subject to the nonlinear behavior under exam, this model enables a suitable tuning of boundary conditions, which may result in the detection of both single-valued and multi-valued memductance-flux relations under certain sign-varying inputs of interest. The large class of modeled dynamics include all behaviors reported in the legendary paper revealing the existence of memory-resistance at the nano scale.
On ground preflight studies on skeletal muscle from mice kept in the Mouse Drawer System (MDS)

The Mouse Drawer System (MDS) has been developed to individually accommodate mice on board the International Space Station. MDS size is 110 x 118 mm (floor area) and 85 mm height, which is several fold smaller than standard laboratory cages, and may affect mouse activity. The study was aimed at establish the effects of 20-day housing in MDS on 2-month-old male mice compared to age-matched controls individually housed in normal cages. After 20 days, body weight of MDS mice (n = 3) decreased by about 12% whereas that of controls (n = 3) increased by about 4.4%. The mean cross sectional area of EDL and soleus muscle fibers of MDS mice was slightly lower than that of controls. SDS-PAGE analysis of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition shows that type 2B MyHC was slightly reduced in MDS EDL compared to control. Expression of the activity-dependent gene PGC-1α and of IGF-1 isoforms was up-regulated in MDS soleus, whereas that of chloride channel-1 was unchanged. Expression of ubiquitin-ligases and autophagic genes was only slightly modified. The study shows that short-term housing in the MDS payload produces adaptive changes on hind limb skeletal muscle properties, known to disappear in prolonged housing.
L'inéluctable ajustement des universités africaines au processus de Bologne

Lance a la Sorbonne en 1998, confirme un an plus tard dans la ville dont il a pris le nom, le processus de Bologne visait initialement a reformer l’enseignement superieur des pays europeens pour lui permettre de devenir plus attractif par rapport a celui des Etats-Unis. Soutenu immediatement par la Commission europeenne, que ses initiateurs avaient d’abord tente d’ecarter, le processus a rapidement connu un engouement qui a surpris tous les observateurs. L’influence de l’architecture de Bologne a depasse les frontieres de l’Europe pour toucher toutes les autres regions du monde ; elle a bien sur atteint aussi les universites africaines. Les reformes qu’elles doivent mener pour s’aligner sur le modele de Bologne sont considerables. Cet article cherche a identifier a la fois les raisons pour lesquelles elles peuvent trouver des avantages divers a realiser cet alignement et l’interet que cela pourrait representer pour les universites europeennes d’entrer en dialogue avec elles sur les criteres de qualite et les modes de connaissance.
Survey of Experiential Entrepreneurship Education Offerings among Top Undergraduate Entrepreneurship Programs.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze experiential entrepreneurship education offerings – programs and courses – among the “Top 25” undergraduate schools of entrepreneurship in the USA. The motivation is to understand the array and vitality of experiential initiatives across the country. A related aim is to unearth obstacles to offering experiential entrepreneurship and identify affordable, viable options. Surveying undergraduate program deans, chairs and administrators, the authors inventory and analyze experiences offered in top entrepreneurship programs. The target audience for the research is entrepreneurship education researchers and business program leaders. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is a survey approach. A survey was sent to the entrepreneurship program leaders of the “Top 25” business schools according to recently published rankings. In total, 57 percent of the target population responded to the survey. Findings – The authors find that credit-yielding experiential e.
Advanced simulated annealing-based BPNN for forecasting chaotic time series

Optimization problems of a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) can be categorized into optimal network topology (including the number of neurons in a hidden layer, learning rate and the momentum term) and weights. This study focuses on the optimization of weights. The conventional BPNN uses the steepest descent method, i.e. a local optimization technique, to minimize an energy function (cost function) to find the BPNN weights. Therefore, a conventional BPNN cannot obtain global weights. An advanced simulated annealing (ASA) algorithm is a stochastic global method applied for solving a multi-dimensional objective function with boundary conditions. To overcome the drawback associated with the standard BPNN, this study attempts to optimize the weights of the BPNN using an ASA algorithm. Performance of the proposed ASA-based BPNN (named ASA-BPNN) is evaluated using a benchmark chaotic time series problem, i.e. the Mackey-Glass time series problem. Furthermore, the comparing experimental results for the ASA-BPNN with those of a standard BPNN reveals that training and generalization accuracies of the ASA-BPNN are superior to those of the standard BPNN for the test case.
Organic cation transporter 3 modulates murine basophil functions by controlling intracellular histamine levels

In this study, we identify the bidirectional organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3/Slc22a3) as the molecule responsible for histamine uptake by murine basophils. We demonstrate that OCT3 participates in the control of basophil functions because exogenous histamine can inhibit its own synthesis—and that of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, and IL-13—through this means of transport. Furthermore, ligands of H3/H4 histamine receptors or OCT3 inhibit histamine uptake, and outward transport of newly synthesized histamine. By doing so, they increase the histamine content of basophils, which explains why they mimic the effect of exogenous histamine. These drugs were no longer effective in histamine-free histidine decarboxylase (HDC)-deficient mice, in contrast with histamine itself. Histamine was not taken up and lost its inhibitory effect in mice deficient for OCT3, which proved its specific involvement. Intracellular histamine levels were increased strongly in IL-3–induced OCT3 −/− bone marrow basophils, and explained why they generated fewer cytokines than their wild-type counterpart. Their production was enhanced when histamine synthesis was blocked by the specific HDC inhibitor α-fluoro-methyl histidine, and underscored the determinant role of histamine in the inhibitory effect. We postulate that pharmacologic modulation of histamine transport might become instrumental in the control of basophil functions during allergic diseases.