Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Effective and Feasible Traceback Scheme in Mobile Internet Environment

Around one billion people access the Internet using their mobile phones today, and many of the mobile phones are prone to be compromised by hackers due to their inherited vulnerability. It is critical to identify these compromised mobile phones to effectively eliminate cyber attacks. However, we see few research works in the field. In order to address this desperate situation, we design a practical traceback framework to identify active compromised mobiles in the mobile Internet environment in this letter. In the proposed framework, we creatively use the IMEI number of mobile hardware as unique marks for the traceback purpose. Two-layer traceback tables are designed to collect global attack information and identify local attacking bots, respectively. Our analysis and simulation demonstrate that the proposed traceback method is effective and feasible, and it can identify every possible attacking mobile in the current mobile Internet environment with single packet marking.
The Effects of H2SO4 on the Mechanical Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of Polycrystalline Ice

The Earth's large continental ice sheets contain a variety of naturally occurring impurities, both soluble and insoluble. Understanding how these impurities affect the rheology, intrinsic thermodynamic properties, and fate of these ice sheets is not well understood. To investigate the effects that trace amounts of H2SO4 have on the flow and ductility of polycrystalline ice, a series of mechanical tests were conducted at −6, −10, −12.5, and −20°C using laboratory‐prepared specimens of polycrystalline ice doped with 1–15 ppm of H2SO4. Parallel tests were performed on identical but undoped specimens of polycrystalline ice. Mechanical testing included constant‐load tensile creep tests at an initial stress of 0.75 MPa and compression tests at constant displacement rates with initial strain rates ranging from 1 × 10−6 to 1 × 10−4 s−1. It was found that H2SO4‐doped specimens of ice exhibited faster creep rates in tension and significantly lower peak stresses in compression, when compared to the undoped ice. Postmortem microstructural analyses were performed using cross‐polarized light thin section imaging, X‐ray computed microtomography, Raman spectroscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction. These analyses showed that H2SO4‐doped specimens had a larger grain size at strains ≤15%, and an earlier onset of microcracking at lower strain rates than the undoped ice. Strain‐induced grain boundary migration was found to be the predominant mechanism of recrystallization in both doped and undoped specimens. Further, an aqueous phase of H2SO4 was found to exist at the grain boundaries and triple junctions of the doped ice, which is thought to have significantly contributed toward its reduced viscosity.
BASIC SCIENCE REVIEW

Cancer cachexia is a morbid wasting syndrome common among patients with head and neck cancer. While its clinical manifestations have been well characterized, its pathophysiology remains complex. A comprehensive literature search on cancer cachexia was performed using the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed. The Cochrane Library and Google search engine were also used. Recent evidence and new concepts on the pathophysiology of cancer cachexia are summarized. Targeted therapies are presented, and new concepts are highlighted. Cancer cachexia is characterized by complex, multilevel pathogenesis. It involves up-regulated tissue catabolism and impaired anabolism, release of tumor-derived catabolic factors and inflammatory cytokines, and neuroendocrine dysfunction. These culminate to create an energy-inefficient state characterized by wasting, chronic inflammation, neuroendocrine dysfunction, and anorexia. VC 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck
Evaluation of the android-based fall detection system with physiological data monitoring

Aging population is considered to be major problem in modern healthcare. At the same time, fall incidents often occur among elderly and cause serious injuries affecting their independent living. This paper proposes a framework which uses mobile phone technology together with physiological data monitoring in order to detect falls. The system carries out collecting, storing and processing of acceleration data with further alarm generating and transferring all the measurements to remote caregiver. To perform evaluation, an experimental setup involving novice ice-skaters were carried out to obtain realistic fall data and examine the effects of falling on physiological parameters. A fall detection algorithm has been designed therefore to cope with large variations of movement in the torso. The online algorithm operating showed performance results of 90% specificity, 100% sensitivity and 94% accuracy.
The rs2516839 Polymorphism of the USF1 Gene May Modulate Serum Triglyceride Levels in Response to Cigarette Smoking

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the USF1 gene (upstream stimulatory factor 1) influence plasma lipid levels. This study aims to determine whether USF1 SNPs interact with traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis to increase coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. In the present study serum lipid levels and USF1 gene polymorphisms (rs2516839 and rs3737787) were determined in 470 subjects: 235 patients with premature CAD and 235 controls. A trend of increasing triglycerides (TG) levels in relation to the C allele dose of rs2516839 SNP was observed. The synergistic effect of cigarette smoking and C allele carrier state on CAD risk was also found (SIM = 2.69, p = 0.015). TG levels differentiated significantly particular genotypes in smokers (1.53 mmol/L for TT, 1.80 mmol/L for CT and 2.27 mmol/L for CC subjects). In contrast, these differences were not observed in the non-smokers subgroup (1.57 mmol/L for TT, 1.46 mmol/L for CT and 1.49 mmol/L for CC subjects). In conclusion, the rs2516839 polymorphism may modulate serum triglyceride levels in response to cigarette smoking. Carriers of the C allele seem to be particularly at risk of CAD, when exposed to cigarette smoking.
Discovering Causal Chains by Integrating Plan Recognition and Sequential Pattern Mining

In this paper we define the notion of causal chains. Causal chains are a particular kind of sequential patterns that reflect causality relations according to background knowledge. We also present an algorithm for mining causal chains from a collection of action traces. We run this algorithm on a realworld domain and observe that causal chains can be computed efficiently by quickly identifying inter-related actions.
Jejunal fibroplasia in a rat

A jejunal nodular mass was identified in an aging rat. Histologically, the boundaries between the lesion and surrounding normal tissue as well as between the inner circular muscle and outer longitudinal muscle were indistinct. The lesion consisted of abundant eosinophilic matrix and cells with a large round to oval nucleus and indistinct cytoplasm. There was no characteristic proliferating pattern, nuclear polymorphism and a low mitotic figure count. Masson’s trichrome stain revealed that the intestinal smooth muscles were replaced by the abundant collagen fiber. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the cells with a large round to oval nucleus were labeled with anti-vimentin antibody and not with anti-α smooth muscle actin antibody, suggesting that these cells were fibroblasts. The mass was diagnosed as jejunal fibroplasia.
Asociación Española Para La Inteligencia Artificial España Efficient Computation of the Degree of Belief for a Subclass of Two Conjunctive Forms

Assuming a Knowledge Base (KB) Σ expressed by a two Conjunctive Form (2-CF), we determine a set of recurrence equations which allow us to design an incremental technique for counting models of Σ by a simple traversal of its constraint graph GΣ. We show that if the constraint graph of Σ has no intersecting cycles then it is possible to count efficiently the number of models of Σ. One of the advantages of our technique, furthermore that it has a polynomial time complexity, is that applying it backwards, we can determine the charge (the number of true and false logical values) that each variable has into the set of models of the input 2-CF. The charge of the variables allow us to design an efficient scheme of reasoning. Given the KB Σ such that GΣ has no intersecting cycles, and new information F (a literal or a binary clause), the degree of belief in F with respect to Σ, denoted as P F |Σ , is computed efficiently even in the case Σ F .
TH1 AND TH2 RESPONSES IN PATHOGENESIS AND REGULATION OF EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE UVEORETINITIS

Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in animals can be induced by immunization with retinal antigens or their fragments and represents human uveitis of putative autoimmune origin. The pathogenesis of EAU, and likely also of human uveitis, involves cell-mediated destruction of retinal tissues that is dependent on retinal antigen-specific T cells. Because in most cases a Th1-type response has been implicated in path ogenesis, the prevailing consensus has been that immunoregulatory manipulations designed to enhance the Th2 response at the expense of the Th1 response will be bene-ficial in clinical treatment of uveitis. This assumption may not always be correct. The present review will summarize the evidence that, despite a central role for Th1 response in uveitis, an unopposed Th2-like response can be equally or more destructive to the retinal tissues. Furthermore, the Th1 response itself triggers regulatory circuits that feed back and dampen further recruitment of antigen-specific T cells into the Th1 effector pool. Thus, although the Th1 effector response can and does result in retinal pathology, immunoregulatory strategies must take into account that immune deviation therapies designed to replace the Th1 with a Th2 response might result in exchanging one type of pathology for another rather than in achieving the desired therapeutic effect.
An integer linear programming approach for optimizing cache locality

The actual performance of programs on modern processors that employ deep memory hierarchies is closely related to the performance of the memory subsystem. Compiler optimizations aimed at improving cache locality are critical in realizing the performance potential of powerful processors. For scientific applications, several loop transformations have been shown to be useful in improving both temporal and spatial locality. Recently, there has been some work in the area of data layout optimizations, i.e., changing the memory layouts of multi-dimensional arrays from the languagedefined default such as column-major storage in Fortran. These memory layout optimizations affect the spatial locality characteristics of loop nests. This paper presents a technique based on integer linear programming (ILP) that attempts to derive the best combination of loop and data layout transformations. Prior attempts to unify loop and data layout transformations for programs consisting of a sequence of loop nests have been based on heuristics not only for transformations for a single loop nest but also for the sequence in which loop nests will be considered. The ILP formulation presented here obviates the need for such heuristics. Experimental results on a MIPS RlOOOO based system demonstrate the benefits of this approach, and show that the use of the ILP formulation does not increase the compilation time significantly.
Improving Speech Signal Intelligibility by Optimal Computation using Single-Channel Adaptive Filtering

environmental sources of noise and distortion can degrade the quality of the speech signal in a communication system. This study explores the effects of these intrusive sounds on speech applications, introduces some techniques for reducing the influence of noise and enhances the acceptability and intelligibility of the speech signal. In our research, a noise reduction system incorporates a single microphone method in time domain to improve SNRs (signal to noise ratios) of noise contaminated speech. Previously, noise reduction techniques estimate noise from the valley of the spectrum based on the harmonic properties of noisy speech, called minimum value sequences (MVS). Since the valleys of spectrum are inadequate to estimate noise reliably, we propose the estimated degree of noise (EDON) (1), (2) to adjust the amplitudes of the MVS. The salient features of the proposed method are a single-channel adaptive filter to reduce computational time and cost for optimal noise reduction, and to estimate noise continuously on a frame-by- frame basis without the aid of voice activity detector (VAD) (2). For optimal noise reduction with a fewer number of iterations, an equation is derived from set values of SNRs and EDONs. To derive the proposed iteration number equation, we use the third degree parabola equation and least squares solution for the coefficients of EDON.
AN EDUCATIONAL INTRANET FOR A FORMATION IN MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

1 Jean-Pierre Giraudin, UPMF, LSR-IMAG, BP. 72, 38402, Saint Martin d'Hères Cedex, France – Jean-Pierre.Giraudin@imag.fr 2 José Celso Freire Junior, UNESP/FEG/DEE, CP 205, 12516-410, Guaratinguetá, SP, Brazil – Jose-Celso.Freire@feg.unesp. br Abstract  This paper presents an Intranet System used in a postgraduate training in Management and Information Systems Technology. This training delivers four diplomas of which an European one and applies to students originating from different countries and very varied background, registered in one of seven educational establishment, four universities of the Rhone-Alps French region and three of Switzerland. The system presented must ensure the spreading of a complete intranet that combines administrative, educational and research information in order to provide an efficient organization that reinforces the traditional teachings and to ease the initiation to research of the registered students. Those follow teachings on four geographically distant sites (Grenoble, Annecy, Geneva and Lausanne) and the access to an educational server should allow them to strengthen the educational classroom activities, the research initiation and to carry out the organizational tasks more easily.
Sediment Budget and Geomorphological Evolution of the Estuarine Dune-Beach System on Three Nourished Beaches, Delaware Bay, New Jersey

Beach nourishment was applied at three fetch-restricted sites along the estuarine margin of Delaware Bay, New Jersey. Evaluation of geomorphological performance of the nourishment project was conducted through seasonal monitoring to track linear features (shoreline, dune crest, peat edge) and to create digital elevation models (DEMs). Comparisons of the DEMs yielded sediment budgets of the updrift, fill area, and downdrift zones as well as the spatial and temporal evolution of the tidal flat, beach, and dune features within the zones. Through four years, Moore’s Beach lost all of the emplaced fill as well as an additional −5446 m3 from the fill area. The shoreline position shifted inland −12.78 m, and the foredune crest shifted inland −9.23 m. The fill area at Pierce’s Point lost all of the fill and an additional −3810 m3. The shoreline and dune crest shifted inland −7.35 m and −1.17 m, respectively. The Reed’s Beach study area benefited from beach fill updrift that more than offset the losses in the fill area, a net gain of 2107 m3. There was a major contrast in volumetric change between the updrift and downdrift portions. Sediment budget calculations established alongshore transport was an important factor in the fetch-restricted estuarine environment driving the variable geomorphological responses in the updrift, fill, and downdrift zones.
Detection of Emotional Events utilizing Support Vector Methods in an Active Learning HCI Scenario

In recent years the fields of affective computing and emotion recognition have experienced a steady increase in attention and especially the creation and analysis of multi-modal corpora has been the focus of intense research. Plausible annotation of this data, however is an enormous problem. In detail emotion annotation is very time consuming, cumbersome and sensitive with respect to the annotator. Furthermore emotional reactions are often very sparse in HCI scenarios resulting in a large annotation overhead to gather the interesting moments of a recording, which in turn are highly relevant for powerful features, classifiers and fusion architectures. Active learning techniques provide methods to improve the annotation processes since the annotator is asked to only label the relevant instances of a given dataset. In this work an unsupervised one-class Support Vector Machine is used to build a background model of non-emotional sequences on a novel HCI dataset. The human annotator is iteratively asked to label instances that are not well explained by the background model, which in turn renders them candidates for being interesting events such as emotional reactions that diverge from the norm. The outcome of the active learning procedure is a reduced dataset of only 14% the size of the original dataset that contains most of the significant information, in this case more than 75% of the emotional events.
A dataset of 30-meter annual vegetation phenology indicators (1985–2015) in urban areas of the conterminous United States

Abstract. Fine-resolution satellite observations show great potential for characterizing seasonal and annual dynamics of vegetation phenology in urban domains, from local to regional and global scales. However, most previous studies were conducted using coarse or moderate resolution data, which are inadequate for characterizing the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation phenology in urban domains. In this study, we produced an annual vegetation phenology dataset in urban ecosystems for the conterminous United States (US), using all available Landsat images on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. First, we characterized the long-term mean seasonal pattern of phenology indicators of the start of season (SOS) and the end of season (EOS), using a double logistic model. Then, we identified the annual variability of these two phenology indicators by measuring the difference of dates when the vegetation index in a specific year reaches the same magnitude as its long-term mean. The derived phenology indicators agree well with in-situ observations from PhenoCam network and Harvard Forest. Comparing with results derived from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, our Landsat derived phenology indicators can provide more spatial details. Also, temporal trends of phenology indicators (e.g., SOS) derived from Landsat and MODIS are consistent overall, but the Landsat derived results from 1985 have a longer temporal span compared to MODIS from 2001. In general, there is a spatially explicit pattern of phenology indicators from the North to the South in cities in the conterminous US, with an overall advanced SOS in the past three decades. The derived phenology product in the US urban domains at the national level is of great use for urban ecology studies for its fine spatial resolution (30 m) and long temporal span (30 years). The data are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare. 7685645.v2.
The Maximum Sinkage of a Ship

A ship moving steadily forward in shallow water of constant depth h is usually subject to downward forces and hence squat, which is a potentially dangerous sinkage or increase in draft. Sinkage increases with ship speed, until it reaches a maximum at just below the critical speed p gh. Here we use both a linear transcritical shallow-water equation and a fully dispersive e nite-depth theory to discuss the e ow near that critical speed and to compute the maximum sinkage, trim angle, and stern displacement for some example hulls.
Genetic characterisation of H9N2 influenza viruses in southern China.

H9N2 influenza viruses have become enzootic in terrestrial poultry populations from Egypt and the Middle East, across South, South East and East Asia.1 H9N2 viruses have sporadically infected humans and swine and have provided segments, through reassortment, to the Asian highly pathogenic H5Nx viruses.2 Two main lineages are found in these viruses, the widely distributed G1 lineage and the Ck/Bei or Y280-like lineage found in East Asia, particularly China.1,3,4 Chickens are the primary hosts for these viruses, but they are also found in minor poultry, especially in the case of G1-like viruses in China.3,4 In this study we sought to characterise the H9N2 viruses found in poultry in southern China and the extent of their reassortment with other influenza viruses, particularly the highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses.
The Contribution of Biomass to Emissions Mitigation under a Global Climate Policy

Primary funding for this research was through a sponsored research agreement with BP. The authors also acknowledge support in the basic development of the Economic Projection and Policy Analysis model from the Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, which is funded by a consortium of industrial sponsors and Federal grants including core funding in support of basic research under U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA-XA-83600001) and U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science (DE-FG02-94ER61937). For a complete list of sponsors see for complete list see http://globalchange.mit. edu/sponsors/current.html).
Bursting dwarf galaxies from the far-UV and deep surveys

The far-ultraviolet (UV) counts and the deep optical spectroscopic surveys have revealed an unexpected number of very blue galaxies (vBG). Using constraints from the UV and optical, we apply the galaxy evolution model PEGASE (Fioc & Rocca-Volmerange 1997, hereafter FRV) to describe this population with a cycling star formation. When added to normally evolving galaxy populations, vBG are able to reproduce UV number counts and color distributions as well as deep optical redshift distributions fairly well. Good agreement is also obtained with optical counts (including the Hubble Deep Field). The number of vBG is only a small fraction of the number of normal galaxies, even at faintest magnitudes. In our modelling, the latter explain the bulk of the excess of faint blue galaxies in an open Universe. The problem of the blue excess remains in a flat Universe without cosmological constant.
Occasional Users' Experiences of Visiting a Virtual Environment

The aim of the study is to analyze occasional users' experiences of visiting a virtual environment. The phenomenographical study consists of user tests and user interviews. The user test includes 6 users, 3 men and 3 women of different ages with no previous knowledge of VR-technology. The test process for each person consists of three visits to a Cave-like environment using four different applications. All the test users found VE impressive and enjoyed visiting it. However, they found moving in a virtual space problematic. They felt uncomfortable, even sick and they got lost. The findings indicate that there are both technical and human issues in using VE as a design tool for occasional users. Moving in VE can be improved by technical development, as well as by better planning of occasional users' visits to VE, considering users' learning process during the visit