Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health policy and systems research capacity development to support maternal, new-born, child and adolescent health in West and Central Africa

Summary Objectives To examine how and why a South-South capacity development and networking program for leadership, research, practice and advocacy on maternal new-born, child and adolescent health and health policy and systems strengthening in West Africa and Cameroon worked and identify lessons for low- and middle-income countries. Design Single qualitative case study drawing on data from document review, observations, key informant interviews and a deliberative workshop. Ethics approval for primary data collection was obtained from the Ghana Health Service Ethical Review Committee (GHS-ERC 012/10/18). Setting West Africa and Cameroon Participants Researchers, policy and programme managers and frontline health workers Interventions Networking and capacity development Results The programme made good progress in implementing many but not all planned capacity development and networking activities. The opportunity to network with other organisations and individuals and across countries, disciplines, and languages as well as to learn, to develop skills, and obtain mentorship support, were considered valuable benefits of the partnership. Human and financial resource constraints meant that not all planned interventions could be implemented. Conclusions Lessons for health policy and systems research capacity building in LMIC include the potential of South-South partnerships, the need for dedicated resources, the potential of Sub-regional health organizations to support capacity building and recognition that each effort builds on preceding efforts of others, and that it is important to explore and understand where the energy and momentum for change lies. Funding The work described here has been funded by IDRC Canada under research grant # 108237 “West and Central African partnership for maternal, new-born, child and adolescent health research. ”
Suzaku Measurements of Hot Halo Emission at Outskirts for Two Poor Galaxy Groups: NGC 3402 and NGC 5129

We present Suzaku off-center observations of two poor galaxy groups, NGC 3402 and NGC 5129, with temperatures below 1 keV. Through spectral decomposition, we measured their surface brightnesses and temperatures out to 530 and 1430 times the critical density of the universe for NGC 3402 and NGC 5129, respectively. These quantities are consistent with extrapolations from existing inner measurements of the two groups. With the refined bolometric X-ray luminosities, both groups prefer LX–T relations without a break in the group regime. Furthermore, we have determined the electron number densities and hydrostatic masses at these radii. We found that the surface brightness and electron number density profiles require two β model components, as well as the indication that a third β model may be needed for NGC 3402. Adding the gas mass measured from the X-ray data and stellar mass from group galaxy members, we computed baryon fractions of fb =0.0693 ± 0.0068 and fb = 0.095 ± 0.014 for NGC 3402 and NGC 5129, respectively. Combining other poor groups with well-measured X-ray emission to the outskirts, we found an average baryon fraction extrapolated to r500 of = 0.0912 ± 0.0050 for X-ray-bright groups with temperatures between 0.8 and 1.3 keV, extending existing constraints to lower-mass systems and indicating that significant baryon losses exist below approximately r500.
Explicit regulator maps on polylogarithmic motivic complexes

We define a regulator map from the weight n polylogarithmic motivic complex to the weight n Deligne complex of an algebraic variety X. The regulator map is constructed explicitly via the classical polylogarithms with some funny combinations of Bernoulli numbers as coefficients. This leads to conjectures on special values of L-functions at s=n which reduce to Zagier's conjecture when X is of dimension zero over Q. The cone of this map, shifted by one, should be called the Arakelov motivic complex of X. Its last cohomology group is identified with a group of codimension n Arakelov cycles on X.
Exploring the physical properties of the cool circumgalactic medium with a semi-analytic model

We develop a semi-analytic model to explore the physical properties of cool pressure-confined circumgalactic clouds with mass ranging from $10$ to $10^{8} \, \rm M_{\odot}$ in a hot diffuse halo. We consider physical effects that control the motion and mass loss of the clouds, and estimate the lifetime and the observed properties of individual cool gas clouds inferred from the CLOUDY simulation. Our results show that the cool pressure-confined gas clouds have physical properties consistent with absorption line systems with neutral hydrogen column densities $N_{\rm HI}\geq10^{18.5} \rm cm^{-2}$ such as strong metal absorbers, sub-DLAs, and DLAs. The cool circumgalactic clouds are transient due to evaporation and recycling and therefore a constant replenishment is needed to maintain the cool CGM. We further model the ensemble properties of the cool CGM with clouds originated from outflows, inflows, or/and in-situ formation with a range of initial cloud mass function and velocity distribution. We find that only with a certain combination of parameters, an outflow model can broadly reproduce three cool gas properties around star-forming galaxies simultaneously: the spatial distribution, down-the-barrel outflow absorption, and gas velocity dispersion. Both a constant insitu model and gas inflow model can reproduce the observed covering fractions of high $\rm N_{HI}$ gas around passive galaxies but they fail to reproduce sufficient number of low $\rm N_{HI}$ systems. The limitations and the failures of the current models are discussed. Our results illustrate that semi-analytic modeling is a promising tool to understand the physics of the cool CGM which is usually unresolved by state-of-the-art cosmological hydrodynamic simulations.
Effects of application of environmental enrichment in kangaroos (Osphranter rufus) at Aquário de São Paulo

: Programs of environmental enrichment have been widely conducted in zoos and similar institutions to promote the maintenance of animal welfare. In the case of kangaroos, many studies have focused on the behavioral repertoire expressed by some wild groups, but few regards on these animals in captivity. This study aims at applying environmental enrichment to a group of red kangaroos (Osphranter rufus) at Aquário de São Paulo in order to evaluate its behavioral effects in these animals. Observation (instantaneous sampling) was carried out over 60 hours equally divided into three stages: before (Pre-enrichment), during and after (Post-enrichment) the application of environmental enrichments, with the 10 most frequent behaviors expressed during all stages being considered to the statistical analysis. Behaviors associated to managing the environment and self-managing decreased their frequencies, and those related to self-maintenance increased their frequencies after the application of enrichments. Results showed that enrichments induced changes in the expression of behaviors and offered several positive stimuli to subjects. This routine could thus be applied to other groups of kangaroos in human care.
COVID‐19 Induced Income Loss among Migrant Workers: Evidence from Eight Villages of Bihar

The COVID‐19 crisis re‐shaped many livelihood options and placed significant burdens on those with precarious incomes exacerbating persisting vulnerabilities, especially among a large section of the migrant population. This group faced a dual threat – both to their livelihood and health. To understand the consequences of this pandemic on the income of the migrant population, a household level survey was conducted in the state of Bihar, India, which is one of the highest migrant‐sending states. We examine the role of differences in the socio‐economic status of migrants and their households in determining the extent of vulnerability caused by the COVID‐19 crisis. Vulnerability is proxied by the income lost by migrants during the lockdown. The results suggest that households with diversified income portfolio, larger landholdings, and those receiving government benefits suffered significantly lower income loss whereas, larger household size and greater distance from town tended to escalate income loss. Additionally, private salaried workers faced higher income loss and an increment in years of education lowers the losses significantly. It is observed that individual‐level characteristics also played a significant role in determining economic loss due to the lockdown. Our findings suggest a binding necessity to actively shape policies considering the financial insecurity of vulnerable migrants at their destination and the household members at the origin.
“Overdose Has Many Faces”: The Politics of Care in Responding to Overdose at Sydney’s Medically Supervised Injecting Centre

Drug consumption room literature often presents overdose as a stable phenomenon, which can be responded to in the same way from one context to the next. The literature is dominated by a clinical paradigm that implies that consumption rooms are effective because they provide sterile spaces and medical supervision, yet this is not the only way in which such services are delivered, nor is it the only component of the care provided at centers with a clinical focus. A growing body of critically oriented social science literature has highlighted the way different socio-material relations of care produce different capacities for service delivery. In order to expand the field’s understanding of care beyond an avowed a-political approach to clinical supervision, we conducted qualitative interviews with staff at Sydney Medically Supervised Injecting Centre (MSIC) about how they respond to overdose. Drawing on feminist notions of the politics of care we argue that overdoses are ontologically multiple phenomena, which are enacted at MSIC in ways that are explicitly differentiated from how they are understood and responded to in more traditional clinical settings. This illustrates how a desirable clinical intervention (saving lives) is made possible at MSIC through a set of constitutive relations (and politics) of care that are aimed at more than simply ensuring the client’s heart keeps beating.
Properties of the inner penumbral boundary and temporal evolution of a decaying sunspot

Context. It has been empirically determined that the umbra-penumbra boundaries of stable sunspots are characterized by a constant value of the vertical magnetic field. Aims. We analyzed the evolution of the photospheric magnetic field properties of a decaying sunspot belonging to NOAA 11277 between August 28–September 3, 2011. The observations were acquired with the spectropolarimeter on-board of the Hinode satellite. We aim to prove the validity of the constant vertical magnetic-field boundary between the umbra and penumbra in decaying sunspots. Methods. A spectral-line inversion technique was used to infer the magnetic field vector from the full-Stokes profiles. In total, eight maps were inverted and the variation of the magnetic properties in time were quantified using linear or quadratic fits. Results. We find a linear decay of the umbral vertical magnetic field, magnetic flux, and area. The penumbra showed a linear increase of the vertical magnetic field and a sharp decay of the magnetic flux. In addition, the penumbral area quadratically decayed. The vertical component of the magnetic field is weaker on the umbra-penumbra boundary of the studied decaying sunspot compared to stable sunspots. Its value seem to be steadily decreasing during the decay phase. Moreover, at any time of the sunspot decay shown, the inner penumbra boundary does not match with a constant value of the vertical magnetic field, contrary to what is seen in stable sunspots. Conclusions. During the decaying phase of the studied sunspot, the umbra does not have a sufficiently strong vertical component of the magnetic field and is thus unstable and prone to be disintegrated by convection or magnetic diffusion. No constant value of the vertical magnetic field is found for the inner penumbral boundary.
Multistage attention network for human pose estimation

Abstract. Human pose estimation is a fundamental yet challenging task in computer vision. Although many methods have achieved significant improvement, they are still insufficient for the fusion of feature maps at different stages, such as the stacked hourglass network (SHNet). The SHNet is a classic human pose estimation network that extracts multiscale features through stacked multistage downsampling and upsampling operations. We propose a multistage attention mechanism to fuse the multistage feature maps. Furthermore, we apply it in the SHNet to propose a multistage attention network (MANet). In the experiments, we demonstrated the effectiveness of MANet in human pose estimation on the common objects in context dataset and the MPII human pose dataset.
Accuracy of vacant housing detection models: An empirical evaluation using municipal and national census datasets

In Japan, the rise in vacant housing has created the need to develop quick, effective, and inexpensive methods to detect the spatial distribution of vacant housing at the municipal level. However, due to incomplete and inaccessible data, the change in the accuracy of the vacant housing detection model must be evaluated while accounting for the limited data. Therefore, this study compares the performance of vacant housing detection models for different data combinations (Basic Resident Register; building registration, water usage, and national census) by considering Wakayama City, Japan, as the case study setting. Three main findings emerged: (1) the contribution of the data to the accuracy varies with the combination of datasets and metrics; (2) even if specific municipal data are unavailable, it is possible to acquire a similar accuracy by combining other data; and (3) the missing value contributes to the vacant housing detection rather than the feature value itself.
Mechanically Tunable Spontaneous Vertical Charge Redistribution in Few-Layer WTe2

Broken symmetry is the essence of exotic properties in condensed matters. Tungsten ditelluride, WTe$_2$, exceptionally takes a non-centrosymmetric crystal structure in the family of transition metal dichalcogenides, and exhibits novel properties$^{1-4}$, such as the nonsaturating magnetoresistance$^1$ and ferroelectric-like behavior$^4$. Herein, using the first-principles calculation, we show that unique layer stacking in WTe$_2$ generates surface dipoles with different strengths on the top and bottom surfaces in few-layer WTe$_2$. This leads to a layer-dependence for electron/hole carrier ratio and the carrier compensation responsible for the unusual magnetoresistance. The surface dipoles are tunable and switchable using the interlayer shear displacement. This could explain the ferroelectric-like behavior recently observed in atomically thin WTe$_2$ films$^4$. In addition, we reveal that exfoliation of the surface layer flips the out-of-plane spin textures. The presented results will aid in the deeper understanding, manipulation, and further exploration of the physical properties of WTe$_2$ and related atom-layered materials, for applications in electronics and spintronic devices.
Near‐Magnetic‐Field‐Aligned Energetic Electrons Above Saturn's Dark Polar Regions

Saturn's main auroral emissions define two oval‐shaped regions, one encircling each magnetic pole. The regions at higher latitudes are generally “dark” (i.e., devoid of auroras), and are magnetically connected to the distant planetary magnetosphere where there is a much‐debated interaction with the solar wind. Electric currents flow into the atmosphere along the magnetic field within these polar regions. Establishing whether polar magnetic flux is “open” or “closed” is key for diagnosing how the solar wind interaction works. Because energetic electrons moving almost parallel or anti‐parallel to the magnetic field shed light on the field topology, we survey Cassini energetic particle data for rare instances when the spacecraft was able to measure these parts of the distribution in the polar field environment close to the planet. Over the entire mission we find 16 intervals when measurements at ∼0 ° ${}^{\circ}$ and ∼180 ° ${}^{\circ}$ pitch angles were made simultaneously without sunlight contamination. Across all the events, above‐background field‐aligned fluxes were measured intermittently by the >15 keV electron channels, extending up to ∼300 keV when present. Uni‐directional anti‐planetward fluxes were observed during 10 of the events, and bi‐directional fluxes were observed during 6 of the events. We suggest the uni‐directional anti‐planetward fluxes indicate the presence of field‐aligned beams, and that the bi‐directional fluxes indicate regions of locally closed magnetic field. These results either mean the solar wind interaction is predominantly via global magnetic reconnection but is more complex than initially proposed, or that the interaction is instead predominantly “viscous‐like” at Saturn.
Bayesian Approach to identify Masking and Swamping Problems in the Multivariate-Multiple Regression Analysis

Normal 0 21 false false false TR X-NONE X-NONE The Bayesian method developed by Chaloner and Brant to see whether, for instance, the outlier observation is included in the linear model or not, focuses on posterior distributions of realized but unobserved errors [5]. This method has been expanded by Varbanov for the multivariate-multiple regression model in a way to provide analysis opportunities for separate observations in terms of their being an outlier [13]. This study expanded the proposed method by Varbanov to offer the opportunity for analyzing whether observations in groups are an outlier or not. Therefore, it is likely to claim the existence of masking and swamping problems. Key Words: Realized but unobserved errors, masking and swamping problems, outlier observation.
Robust Linear Parameter Varying Fault Reconstruction of Wind Turbine Pitch Actuator Using Second-Order Sliding Mode Observer

Background and Objectives: In this paper, a novel linear parameter varying (LPV) model of a wind turbine is developed based on a benchmark model presented by Aalborg University and KK-electronic a/c. The observability and validity of the model are investigated using real aerodynamic data. Methods: In addition, a robust fault detection and reconstruction method for linear parameter varying systems using second-order sliding mode observer is developed and implemented on the linear parameter varying model. The fault signal is reconstructed using a nonlinear term named equivalent output error injection during sliding motion and a proper transformation. The effect of uncertainties and incorrect measurements are minimized by employing an oriented method that requires solving a nonlinear matrix inequality. During numerical simulations, an actuator fault in the pitch system is considered and the performance of the method in fault reconstruction is investigated. Results: Wind speed range is considered from 14 m/s to 16 m/s and it is regarded as a stochastic input exerting aerodynamic torque. Fast and accurate fault reconstruction happens in 0.6 seconds with less than one percent error. The observer performance is not affected by the fault and fault is estimated in 2.5 seconds with an error smaller than 2.48 percent. Conclusion: Results illustrate fast and accurate fault reconstruction and accurate state estimations in the presence of actuator fault. In this paper, a novel linear parameter varying (LPV) model of a wind turbine is developed based on a benchmark model presented by Aalborg University and KK-electronic a/c. The observability and validity of the model are investigated using real aerodynamic data. In addition, a robust fault detection and reconstruction method for linear parameter varying systems using a second-order sliding mode observer is developed and implemented on the linear parameter-varying model. The fault signal is reconstructed using a nonlinear term named equivalent output error injection during sliding motion and a proper transformation. The effect of uncertainties and incorrect measurements are minimized by employing an H_∞ oriented method which requires solving a nonlinear matrix inequality. During numerical simulations, an actuator fault in the pitch system is considered, and the performance of the method in fault reconstruction is investigated. Wind speed range is considered from 14 m/s to 16 m/s and it is regarded as a stochastic input exerting aerodynamic torque. Fast and accurate fault reconstruction happens in 0.6 seconds with less than one percent error. The observer performance is not affected by the fault and fault is estimated in 2.5 seconds with an error smaller than 2.48 percent results illustrate fast and accurate fault reconstruction and accurate state estimations in the presence of actuator fault.
Cantilever Shoring Piles with Prestressing Strands: An Experimental Approach

 Abstract — Underground space is becoming a necessity nowadays, especially in highly congested urban areas. Retaining underground excavations using shoring systems is essential in order to protect adjoining structures from potential damage or collapse. Reinforced Concrete Piles (RCP) supported by multiple rows of tieback anchors are commonly used type of shoring systems in deep excavations. However, executing anchors can sometimes be challenging because they might illegally trespass neighboring properties or get obstructed by infrastructure and other underground facilities. A technique is proposed in this paper, and it involves the addition of eccentric high-strength steel strands to the RCP section through ducts without providing the pile with lateral supports. The strands are then vertically stressed externally on the pile cap using a hydraulic jack, creating a compressive strengthening force in the concrete section. An experimental study about the behavior of the shoring wall by pre-stressed piles is presented during the execution of an open excavation in an urban area (Beirut city) followed by numerical analysis using finite element software. Based on the experimental results, this technique is proven to be cost-effective and provides flexible and sustainable construction of shoring works.
Wideband Reconfigurable Antenna for Industrial, Scientific and Medical Applications

The capability of reconfigurable antenna to cater different requirements for various applications with a single antenna has attracted researchers and scientists to explore the field. This paper proposes a wideband reconfigurable antenna design suitable for industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) applications. The design makes use of two PIN diodes to switch between four modes. The defected ground structure with the help of two ‘Via’ improves the antenna gain appreciably. The orthogonal feed helps in producing circular polarization. The suitability of the antenna for medical applications is being supported with the help of SAR analysis performed. The antenna has been simulated on commercially available Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) version 13.0.