Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Analysis with PSCAD/EMTDC for Power Systems with High Shares of Renewables and Power Electronics

Accurate and stable testing of power system models is crucial for studying high shares of renewables and power electronics power systems. However, traditional manual testing methods are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to human errors. To address this issue, an automated testing method is proposed for power system models. The method consists of three stages: scenario generation and simulation, simulation data processing, and test report generation. In the scenario generation and simulation stage, a large number of scenarios are generated based on different short circuit ratios, fault buses, fault types, control loops, control loop parameters, and parameter values. By utilizing the Python interface provided by PSCAD/EMTDC, the parameters of the power system model are automatically read and set, and a series of test tasks are executed, enabling fast, accurate, and reliable automated testing of power system models. To handle the generated simulation data, an automated method is proposed for fault data acquisition, dynamic curve plotting, and feature data extraction. Computer technology and data processing algorithms are leveraged to automatically analyze and evaluate the test results and generate detailed simulation test reports in this method. Additionally, the method reduces the overall runtime by adopting the fast initialization of simulation using PSCAD/EMTDC snapshot files in the scenario generation and simulation stage, which eliminates the need for system initialization, thereby improving development and execution efficiency.
Vascular cognitive impairment: When memory loss is not the biggest challenge

Objectives Vascular cognitive impairment is the second most common type of cognitive impairment. Care needs of community-dwelling people with vascular cognitive impairment and their caregivers have not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, we aimed to explore care needs of people with vascular cognitive impairment and their family caregivers. Design A qualitative interview study. Setting and participants Participants were purposefully sampled community-dwelling people with vascular cognitive impairment and their family caregivers. Methods Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Analysis and data collection followed an iterative process, until data saturation was achieved. We conducted 18 interviews (nine people with vascular cognitive impairment and nine caregivers), concerning 13 unique people with vascular cognitive impairment. We analyzed the data using inductive thematic analysis following the Braun & Clark method. The study was reported in accordance with the COREQ criteria. Findings Five themes were identified in the care needs reported by people with vascular cognitive impairment and family caregivers: (1) Specific information need with subtheme (1A) No memory problem, no dementia? (2) Being respected as a person, (3) Differing concerns about the future, (4) The roles of the caregiver and (5) Decisiveness from professional healthcare. Conclusions and implications The care needs of people with vascular cognitive impairment and their caregivers were affected by (a lack of knowledge about) the characteristic symptoms of this condition. Participants equated cognitive impairment or dementia to memory loss (“Alzheimerization”), although memory loss was not their biggest challenge. People with vascular cognitive impairment and caregivers preferred resolute and decisive healthcare professionals. These professionals activate the person with vascular cognitive impairment who lacks initiative and diminishe role conflict of the caregiver. Care for people with vascular cognitive impairment and their caregivers could be improved by providing tailored information, promoting awareness of neuropsychiatric symptoms, particularly apathy, and by healthcare professionals providing more guidance in decision-making.
Identification and Interpretation of A-to-I RNA Editing Events in Insect Transcriptomes

Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is the most prevalent RNA modification in the nervous systems of metazoans. To study the biological significance of RNA editing, we first have to accurately identify these editing events from the transcriptome. The genome-wide identification of RNA editing sites remains a challenging task. In this review, we will first introduce the occurrence, regulation, and importance of A-to-I RNA editing and then describe the established bioinformatic procedures and difficulties in the accurate identification of these sit esespecially in small sized non-model insects. In brief, (1) to obtain an accurate profile of RNA editing sites, a transcriptome coupled with the DNA resequencing of a matched sample is favorable; (2) the single-cell sequencing technique is ready to be applied to RNA editing studies, but there are a few limitations to overcome; (3) during mapping and variant calling steps, various issues, like mapping and base quality, soft-clipping, and the positions of mismatches on reads, should be carefully considered; (4) Sanger sequencing of both RNA and the matched DNA is the best verification of RNA editing sites, but other auxiliary evidence, like the nonsynonymous-to-synonymous ratio or the linkage information, is also helpful for judging the reliability of editing sites. We have systematically reviewed the understanding of the biological significance of RNA editing and summarized the methodology for identifying such editing events. We also raised several promising aspects and challenges in this field. With insightful perspectives on both scientific and technical issues, our review will benefit the researchers in the broader RNA editing community.
ZADÁNÍ DIPLOMOVÉ PRÁCE

Discharges in the experimental devices tend to undergo a rapid termination – disruption. In tokamaks, plasma disruption can result in emergence of relativistic electron population accelerated to MeV-order energies. These so-called runaway electrons (RE) then behave like in a particle accelerator and can cause damage to the vacuum vessel and other critical components. Since the disruptions tend to generate detectable primary and secondary radiation, new diagnostic methods, such as proposed semiconductor pixel detectors, are viable and innovative addition to existing diagnostic systems. In order to successfully operate such detectors, different instrumental calibration processes have been developed and performed. As a result, relevant information about the spatial and temporal distribution of RE has been acquired. This is crucial for further advancements of the fusion research and understanding of the RE generation process. Results of the measurements from different experiments are promising, however, their non-trivial interpretation requires further analysis and simulations of the experiment. For this purpose a Geant4 toolkit has been utilized, modeling transportation and interaction of RE and their secondary particles in tokamak COMPASS. Implementation of such model could be further exploited for radiation and device operational safety.
Low-momentum relativistic nucleon-nucleon potentials I: Nuclear matter

A series of relativistic one-boson-exchange potentials for two-nucleon system, denoted as OBEP$\Lambda$, is constructed with a momentum cutoff $\Lambda$ ranging from $\infty$ to 2 fm$^{-1}$. These potentials are developed by simultaneous fitting to nucleon-nucleon ($NN$) scattering phase shifts, low-energy scattering length, effective range, and the binding energy of the deuteron. The momentum-space matrix elements of the low-momentum OBEP$\Lambda$ ($\Lambda\leqslant 3$ fm$^{-1}$) demonstrate consistency with the universal behaviors observed in other realistic $NN$ potentials evolved by renormalization group methods. These OBEP$\Lambda$s are applied to calculate the equation of state of symmetric nuclear matter (SNM) within either the nonrelativistic (NR) Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (BHF) or relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (RBHF) frameworks. The results show that the saturation properties of SNM are reproduced qualitatively from the RBHF calculation, but not from the NR-BHF calculation. This study highlights the relativistic mechanism in explaining the saturation properties of nuclear matter. The remaining discrepancy in reproducing empirical saturation properties in the RBHF calculation using the OBEP$\Lambda$s signals the necessity of including three-nucleon correlations or genuine three-nucleon forces.
English to Meiteilon Machine Translation Using Seq2Seq with Long Short-Term Memory

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) is a cutting-edge strategy that has produced significant advancements in the field of machine translation for translating one language into another when compared to more conventional methods. The people of India speak their distinct regional languages for communication. Given the wide variety of languages in India, translation of language is crucial. However, it is nearly impossible for a human to translate one language into another language. This is achievable through Neural Machine Translation. English is offered as a second additional official language in India. However, India uses English extremely little, creating a communication gap. Numerous web applications translate one language to another language. Some of these are Google Translate, Translate, Deep Learning, and Microsoft Translator. But these applications do not support the regional languages. This paper aims to propose a language translation model using a sequence-to-sequence model with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) for translating English to Meiteilon.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and wellbeing of UK healthcare workers

Background There is an urgent need to understand the psychological impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had on UK healthcare workers (HCW). Aims To reveal risk and protective factors associated with poor mental wellbeing of HCW working during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. Method 2773 UK HCWs completed a survey between 22ndApril and 10th May 2020 containing scales measuring anxiety, depression, PTSD, and stress, and questions about roles and COVID-19-related factors including workplace preparation and risk management. Respondents were classified as high or low symptomatic on each mental health scale and logistic regression revealed risk and protective factors associated with each outcome. Change in wellbeing from pre to during COVID-19 was also quantified. Results A large proportion of UK HCW had high mental health symptoms. Fixed risk factors of poor mental health included being female, being frontline, pre-existing mental health diagnoses, and experience of stressful/traumatic events. An additional set of controllable factors also significantly increased risk: PPE availability, workload, lack of COVID-19 preparation and training, and insufficient communication of clinical procedures. Resilience and sharing stress reduced risk, as did ethical support for those making treatment decisions. Allied HCW and managers were at elevated risk of high symptoms particularly PTSD. Wellbeing, especially of frontline workers, had significantly worsened compared to before COVID-19. Conclusions Poor mental wellbeing was prevalent in HCW during the UK COVID-19 response. A number of controllable factors should be targeted, and protective factors promoted, to reduce the detrimental effect of COVID-19 and other pandemics on HCW mental health.
Performance assessment of an early preamble collision detection approach for cellular M2M random access

Consider novel effective collision resolution algorithms for cellular Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication systems based on an early preamble collision detection scheme at the first step of random access (RA). These algorithms make it possible to increase efficiency in resource utilization. In this paper, we give a brief overview of researches on the use of early collision detection schemes. We note that the existing researches offer only an approximate approach to performance analysis and only partially address the impact of preamble detection probability and collision detection probability on performance. We propose a system model that shows the main features of the preamble early detection scheme. The model parameters are the number of subscribers, the number of preambles, the maximum number of grants, preamble detection probability, and collision detection probability. Using these probabilities as model parameters makes it possible to abstract from the analysis of algorithms for receiving preambles and detecting collisions. For this model, an exact calculation is made for its performance using the combinatorial task "random assignment objects (devices) to cells (preambles)". This paper focuses on calculating RA success probabilities and the average number of uplink resource grants.
Impedance Modeling of Static Var Generator Based on Harmonic State-Space Theory

With the increasing penetration of converter interfaced generations, the resonance stability issues of power systems are becoming more and more outstanding. The impedance-based analysis is a promising method for resonance stability analysis and accurate impedance models are the prerequisite for its application. This paper aims to investigate the impedance models of the static Var generator (SVG) in renewable power plants. The power stage models and control stage models of the SVG are linearized based on the harmonic state-space theory. Besides, considering the complex internal dynamic characteristics of the SVG and the frequency shift effects introduced by the controller, the sequence extraction matrices and the frequency shift matrices are adopted in this paper. Therefore, the model processes are much clearer and the developed linearized models feature more compact and modularized representations. The combination of these linearized models finally leads to the impedance models of the SVG. Electromagnetic transient simulations based on PSCAD/EMTDC verify the effectiveness of the developed impedance models.
Continental-scale temperature variability in PMIP3 simulations and PAGES 2k regional temperature reconstructions over the past millennium

Estimated external radiative forcings, model results, and proxy-based climate reconstructions have been used over the past several decades to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying observed climate variability and change over the past millennium. Here, the recent set of temperature reconstructions at the continental-scale generated by the PAGES 2k project and a collection of state-of-the-art model simulations driven by realistic external forcings are jointly analysed. The first aim is to estimate the consistency between model results and reconstructions for each continental-scale region over the time and frequency domains. Secondly, the links between regions are investigated to determine whether reconstructed global-scale covariability patterns are similar to those identified in model simulations. The third aim is to assess the role of external forcings in the observed temperature variations. From a large set of analyses, we conclude that models are in relatively good agreement with temperature reconstructions for Northern Hemisphere regions, particularly in the Arctic. This is likely due to the relatively large amplitude of the externally forced response across northern and high-latitude regions, which results in a clearly detectable signature in both reconstructions and simulations. Conversely, models disagree strongly with the reconstructions in the Southern Hemisphere. Furthermore, the simulations are more regionally coherent than the reconstructions, perhaps due to an underestimation of the magnitude of internal variability in models or to an overestimation of the response to the external forcing in the Southern Hemisphere. Part of the disagreement might also reflect large uncertainties in the reconstructions, specifically in some Southern Hemisphere regions, which are based on fewer palaeoclimate records than in the Northern Hemisphere.
Can We Control Carbon Dioxide

In recent years, the concern about the tradeoffs between economic growth and environmental quality have been paramount. To a large extent, the energy sector has been the locus of the major battles. For the most part, the concerns have been with local environmental problems such as disputes over air and water quality, nuclear accidents, and radioactive wastes. Although these problems have not been solved, it appears that as a result of considerable technical work that techniques exist (even if political will does not) to reduce most local environmental problems to a tolerable level. There remain on the agenda, however, a number of global environmental problems, and again these relate mainly to the energy sector. In particular, it appears that emissions of carbon dioxide particulate matter, and waste heat may, at some time in the future, lead to significant climatic modifications. Of these, it appears that carbon dioxide will probably be the first man-made emission to affect climate on a global scale, with a significant temperature increase by the end of the century.
Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence‐Based Guidelines on the Role of Radiosurgery and Radiation Therapy in the Management of Patients With Vestibular Schwannomas

RADIOSURGERY VS OBSERVATION Question What are the indications for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatment vs observation for patients with intracanalicular vestibular schwannomas without evidence of radiographic progression? Recommendation Level 3: If tinnitus is not observed at presentation, it is recommended that intracanalicular vestibular schwannomas and small tumors (<2 cm) without tinnitus be observed as observation does not have a negative impact on tumor growth or hearing preservation compared to treatment. RADIOSURGERY TECHNOLOGY Question Is there a difference in outcome based on radiosurgery equipment used: Gamma Knife (Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden) vs linear accelerator‐based radiosurgery vs proton beam? Recommendation There are no studies that compare 2 or all 3 modalities. Thus, recommendations on outcome based on modality cannot be made. RADIOSURGERY TECHNIQUE Question Is there a difference in outcome based on the dose delivered? Recommendation Level 3: As there is no difference in radiographic control using different doses, it is recommended that for single fraction SRS doses, <13 Gy be used to facilitate hearing preservation and minimize new onset or worsening of preexisting cranial nerve deficits. Question Is there a difference in outcome based on the number of fractions? Recommendation As there is no difference in radiographic control and clinical outcome using single or multiple fractions, no recommendations can be given. RADIOGRAPHIC FOLLOW‐UP, RETREATMENT, AND TUMORIGENESIS AFTER RADIOSURGERY Question What is the best time sequence for follow‐up images after SRS? Recommendation Level 3: Follow‐up imaging should be obtained at intervals after SRS based on clinical indications, a patient's personal circumstances, or institutional protocols. Long‐term follow‐up with serial magnetic resonance imagings to evaluate for recurrence is recommended. No recommendations can be given regarding the interval of these studies. Question Is there a role for retreatment? Recommendation Level 3: When there has been progression of tumor after SRS, SRS can be safely and effectively performed as a retreatment. Question What is the risk of radiation‐induced malignant transformation of vestibular schwannomas treated with SRS? Recommendation Level 3: Patients should be informed that there is minimal risk of malignant transformation of vestibular schwannomas after SRS. NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 2 Question What are the indications for SRS in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2? Recommendation Level 3: Radiosurgery is a treatment option for patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 whose vestibular schwannomas are enlarging and/or causing hearing loss. The full guideline can be found at: https://www.cns. org/guidelines/guidelines‐management‐patients‐vestibular‐schwannoma/chapter_7.
Analyze on the spatialtemporal characteristics of GHG estimation of livestock's by life cycle assessment in China

This study considers six key links of livestock: gastrointestinal fermentation, manure management system, energy consumption of livestock and poultry breeding, feed grain planting, processing and transportation of feed grain, slaughtering and processing of animal products to estimate the livestock greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions during 1990 to 2011by lifecircle assessment, in each part of China using panel data. Results showed that the emissions of CO2 equivalent of livestock by lifecycle assessment and various aspects showed an upward trend over the past 22 years, particularly in the energy consumption of livestock and poultry breeding, feed grain planting, feed grain processing and transportation and slaughtering and processing of animal products. But the emissions of CO2 equivalent from feed processing and transporting and animal products slaughtering and processing accounted for the total emissions from livestock were less than 1% and 0.05%. The emissions of CO2 equivalent from gastrointestinal fermentation and manure management system, showed a downward trend. The emissions from ruminant livestock account for 55.25%, while nonruminant livestock account for 44.75 % over the past 22 years. In 2011, both the emissions and emissionsintensity of CO2 equivalent from Inner Mongolia, Liaoning and Yunnan's livestock were among the national top 10. Comparing different economic divisions together, showed that the livestock emissions of the western region was the largest proportion of emissions nationwide. And the emissionsintensity of Western and Northeastern were significantly higher than the Eastern andCentral in China. Comparing different livestock divisions showed that the emissions of CO2 equivalent from agricultural areas' livestock accounted for 63.88 % of China, however the emissionintensity of pastoral areas were the highest, while the emissionintensity of agriculture areas were the lowest.
Towards Breast Cancer Treatment Planning by Microwave Ablation Via Tumor Characterization Using Medoid-based Eigenvectors

One of the most promising therapies for breast cancer treatment is microwave ablation (MWA). Nevertheless, it is necessary to design personalized treatment planning to ensure the correct application of this technique. The MWA-based treatment planning characterizes the tumor’s geometry, generates an adequate applicator configuration, and computes electromagnetic (EM) and thermal models to look for efficient tumor ablation. This work is focused on the first step of the treatment planning, analyzing 22 digital breast tumor models through the Principal Components Analysis (PCA) method, obtaining the eigenvectors and eigenvalues using the medoid of the tumor to ensure an existing point that can be reachable by the microwave applicators. This medoid-based approach is compared with the information obtained using the centroid of the tumor. The results show that the maximum distance between the centroid and the medoid and the maximum distance of the eigenvalues are approximately 1 mm, and the maximum difference between the angle of the eigenvectors is approximately 4°. Considering that the safety margin for the tumors in surgery or ablation is between 5 and 10 mm, the maximum distance is lower than this range; hence, the centroid can be replaced with the medoid to obtain the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors to characterize the tumor.