Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectral element time-domain method simulation of the Maxwell-Schrödinger system

A scheme of designing laser pulses for controlling discrete quantum states has been proposed in the reference [1]. In this paper, the Time-Domain Spectral Element (SETD) method is used to solving the Maxwell-Schrödinger coupling equation system for 3D-1D physical problem. In order to facilitate the solution of this coupling process, the Hamiltonian by applying the length gauge is used here. The accuracy of the simulation results are demonstrated by the comparison with the reference [1].
Feedback control of gonadotropins in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, male parr.II. Aromatase inhibitor and androgen effects.

Both positive and negative feedback on the (hypothalmus)- pituitary-gonad axis occur in salmonids. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of different androgens, and in particular the involvement of aromatization of androgens to estrogens in feedback mechanisms. Previously mature Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, male parr were studied in two experiments. In the first experiment, intact fish were implanted with Silastic capsules filled with the aromatase inhibitor 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD) in spring and sampled in the autumn when the rematuring males were starting to display running milt. In the second experiment, castrated males were implanted with capsules containing ATD, the androgens testosterone (T) and 11-ketoandrostenedione (11KA), or ATD and T combined in spring. These fish were sampled in the summer when rematuring fish were starting to show signs of gonadal growth. Pituitary and plasma gonadotropins (GTH I and GTH II) were studied using radioimmunoassay. In autumn, ATD treatment reduced pituitary and plasma GTH II levels. In summer, GTH II was consistently nondetectable in plasma. Castration diminished pituitary GTH II content. Treatment with T increased pituitary GTH II content, an effect that was attenuated when T treatment was combined with ATD. All these results are consistent with the presence of an aromatase-dependent positive feedback of T on GTH II. 11KA also had a stimulatory effect on GTH II, although weaker than that of T. Testicular size and spermiation was reduced by ATD in autumn; the latter of these results is likely to be due to the inhibitory effect of ATD on GTH II. Positive effects of ATD on plasma GTH I were found in autumn, indicative of an aromatase-dependent negative feedback in this phase. On the other hand, castration increased plasma and pituitary GTH I levels in summer, indicating that the gonads in this phase exert a predominantely negative control of GTH I. In summer, negative effects of T on GTH I pituitary levels were not suppressed, but were rather enhanced, by the combined treatment with ATD. Furthermore, plasma GTH I levels were lower after treatment with T in combination with ATD than with T or ATD separately. These negative effects of T were not diminished by ATD, so that they are nonaromatase-dependent. Furthermore, since they were actually more pronounced in the presence of ATD it is suggested that there is also a positive aromatase-dependent feedback component in this phase. In addition, 11KA had a negative effect on plasma and pituitary GTH I in castrated previously mature males. Thus, GTH I secretion is controlled by both aromatase-dependent and nonaromatase-dependent feedback effects, of which at least the former may be positive or negative depending on season. In summary, the feedback control of GTH I appears to be more complex than that of GTH II.
Socioeconomic and racial/ethnic oral health disparities among US older adults: oral health quality of life and dentition.

OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine if older adults living in poverty and from minority racial/ethnic groups experienced disproportionately high rates of poor oral health outcomes measured by oral health quality of life (OHQOL) and number of permanent teeth. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of 2,745 community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2008. Oral health outcomes were assessed by questionnaire using the NHANES-Oral Health Impact Profile for OHQOL and standardized examination for dentition. Logistic and linear regression analyses were used to determine the association between oral health outcomes and predictors of interest. All analyses were weighted to account for complex survey sampling methods. RESULTS Both poverty and minority race/ethnicity were significantly associated with poor oral health outcomes in OHQOL and number of permanent teeth. Distribution of scores for each OHQOL domain varied by minority racial/ethnic group. CONCLUSIONS Oral health disparities persist in older adults living in poverty and among those from minority racial/ethnic groups. The racial/ethnic variation in OHQOL domains should be further examined to develop interventions to improve the oral health of these groups.
Spectral characteristics of earthquakes along plate boundaries

Earthquakes are investigated with epicenters located along divergent and along convergent plate boundaries. Two criteria are applied in order to distinguish between earthquakes featuring anomalous »long-periodic« and »short-periodic« radiation of bodywaves: 1) deviation of the corner period Tc of the P-waves from the regression between Tc and the moment magnitude Mw; and 2) the values of stress drop . It is found that earthquakes along divergent boundaries radiate the seismic energy mainly at longer periods, and, vice versa, that such along convergent boundaries radiate energy mainly at shorter periods. The average stress drop for the former earthquakes is estimated thereby to be 33 bars and for latter – 89 bars. In a regional scale, for earthquakes in the Japan-Kuril area it is found that the corner periods for strike-slip events are larger than those for thrust events. The results confirm the findings of investigations based on the creepex distribution along divergent and convergent boundaries, as well as the findings related to the dependence of creepex on the source mechanism.
Role of ABA and ABI3 in Desiccation Tolerance

The hormone pathway that stabilizes seeds may have served more primitive seedless plants in supporting desiccation tolerance. We show in bryophytes that abscisic acid (ABA) pretreatment of moss (Physcomitrella patens) cells confers desiccation tolerance. In angiosperms, both ABA and the transcriptional regulator ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) are required to protect the seed during desiccation. ABA was not able to protect moss cells in stable deletion lines of ABI3 (ΔPpabi3). Hence, moss has the same functional link between ABA, ABI3, and the desiccation tolerance phenotype that is found in angiosperms. Furthermore, we identified 22 genes that were induced during ABA pretreatment in wild-type lines. When their expression was compared with that of ΔPpabi3 during ABA pretreatment and immediately after desiccation, a new target of ABI3 action appears to be in the recovery period.
Amoxicillin dose-effect relationship with Streptococcus pneumoniae in a mouse pneumonia model and roles of in vitro penicillin susceptibilities, autolysis, and tolerance properties of the strains

We used a mouse model of pneumococcal pneumonia to assess the bactericidal effect of increasing doses of amoxicillin (AMX) against clinical strains with various susceptibilities to penicillin. Twelve strains that exhibited similar virulence in mice were selected. Three were penicillin susceptible (PS) (penicillin and AMX MICs = 0.01 to 0.03 microgram/ml), three were intermediately resistant (PIR) (penicillin and AMX MICs = 0.5 to 1 microgram/ml), and six were penicillin resistant (PR) (penicillin and AMX MICs = 1 to 8 micrograms/ml). Leukopenic Swiss mice were infected intratracheally with 10(7) CFU of each strain. Treatment was initiated 3 h after infection and consisted of a single subcutaneous injection of AMX at doses ranging from 2.5 to 10 mg/kg (PS strains), 5 to 100 (PIR strains), and 25 to 3,000 (PR strains). Bacterial killing kinetics were recorded in the lungs over 9 h. The maximal log CFU reduction (Emax) was observed 3 h postinjection. The relation between Emax and log10(dose/MIC) showed two populations. With seven strains (the three PS, the three PIR, and one of the six PR [MICs, penicillin/AMX = 4/1]) a good correlation was observed between Emax and log10(dose/MIC) (r = 0.772; P < 0.02). A bactericidal effect equal to 3.5 log10 CFU was observed at a log10(dose/MIC) = 2. At this ratio, with the five other PR strains, Emax varied from 0.4 to 1.6 log10 CFU. In brain heart infusion medium containing AMX at 50 times the relevant MIC, these five PR strains were tolerant in vitro. Treatment failure with AMX was found in vivo, with tolerant, highly resistant strains.
Modeling, Estimation and Analysis of the Interaction between Public Debt and Economic Growth in Cameroon

In this paper, we intended to model, to estimate and to analyze the relation between the debt and the economic growth in Cameroon in order to value what could be the fallouts of an annulment of the debt and how to pull profit of it. Indeed, theoretically the debt certainly constitutes for a country an opportunity to increase its production and to face its temporary difficulties. But it can also present some inconveniences for the growth and the investment; this generally, when it is located beyond a certain threshold identified by the curve of Laffer. These negative effects appear through the virtual burden of the debt, the constraint of liquidity and the uncertainties that it can generate. For the realization of our survey, we had resort to a VAR modeling founds on a neoclassical growth model to which we added the variables of opening and the debt. After estimations and analysis on Cameroon’s data, the gotten results invalidate the hypothesis of the virtual burden of the debt and confirm the one of the eviction of the investment due to the service of the debt. Besides, the level raised of the Cameroon’s external debt would be owed both to the crisis of 1987 and to the devaluation of the CFA Franc in 1994. In fact, the stock of the debt has a positive impact on the economic growth in Cameroon, but doesn't influence the investment meaningfully; it translates a use of the debt at ends of consumption that could compromise the future repayment of the debt. A debt relief would be beneficial if it drags a considerable and immediate reduction of the service of the debt, and facilitate the access to new loans. These loans should be used for the financing of the investment in order to guarantee a sustainable growth and to facilitate the repayment of the debt.
Sports medicine and the Americans with Disabilities Act.

OBJECTIVE To explore the potential impact of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 on the practice of clinical sports medicine. DATA SYNTHESIS The Federal Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) have given physically impaired athletes the legal means by which to challenge medical sports participation decisions. The Federal Rehabilitation Act prohibits the exclusion of otherwise qualified individuals from participation in federally funded programs, and the ADA extends the rights of disabled persons to include the private sector. These legal statutes contest the team physician's traditionally unchallenged authority in determining sports participation eligibility for medically impaired individuals. CONCLUSIONS The team physician is advised to use his or her best judgment and the opinions of consultants and to consider special circumstances to formulate a recommendation about sports participation. Consequently, the prospective athlete, after becoming fully informed about the risks of participation, assumes greater responsibility in the decision-making process. Sports medicine professionals must be cognizant of this potential conflict between medical safety recommendations and the expanded legal rights of disabled individuals.
Purification of a HeLa cell high molecular weight action binding protein and its identification in HeLa cell plasma membrane ghosts and intact HeLa cells.

The high molecular weight protein (HMWP) which was previously observed to be a major component of the actin based gels formed by incubating cytoplasmic extracts of HeLa cells at 25 degrees C [Weihing, R. R. (1977) J. Cell Biol. 75, 95-103] has now been purified by gel filtration of 0.6 M KCl extracts of precipitated gels. A few hundred micrograms of HMWP, which is about 90% pure, can be isolated from 4 X 10(9) cells. HMWP can gel muscle actin and cross-link it into filament bundles. Its subunit molecular weight is 250 0000, its Stokes radius is 125 A, and its sedimentation coefficient is 9 S. A native molecular weight of 480 000 was calculated by using the latter two parameters, and therefore the native molecule is a dimer. Its amino acid analysis is nearly indistinguishable from that of macrophage actin binding protein and of mammalian and avian filamins. All of these findings indicate that HMWP is homologous to the latter proteins. However, HeLa cell HMWP and avian filamin must differ in their primary sequences because their partial peptide maps are distinct and because an antiserum against HMWP reacts only weakly with filamin. For studies on the intracellular location of HMWP, a goat antiserum against purified HMWP was prepared and characterized and then used to localize HMWP in suspension grown cells. The technique of immunoblotting revealed that the antiserum reacted virtually exclusively with the high molecular weight polypeptide that comigrates with HMWP in cell lysates and in ZnCl2-stabilized plasma membrane ghosts prepared from HeLa cells [Gruenstein, E. , Rich, A. , & Weihing, R. R. (1975) J. Cell Biol. 64, 223-234] and that it did not react with rabbit myosin heavy chain, microtubule proteins (MAPS and tubulin) from HeLa cells and calf brain, or the proteins of human erythrocyte ghosts including spectrin. Suspension-grown cells which were stained with the antiserum by the technique of indirect immunofluorescence showed bright fluorescence at the rim of the cells and less intense generalized fluorescence. If preimmune serum or immune serum treated with HMWP was substituted for the immune serum, then staining at the rim was not observed, but the generalized fluorescence was only slightly reduced; unpermeabilized cells were not stained. These results indicate that HMWP is a component of the cortical cytoplasm of HeLa cells. Possible functions of cortical HMWP are discussed briefly.
Monitoring radiofrequency catheter ablation using thermal strain imaging

A method to monitor ablative therapy by examining slope changes in the thermal strain curve caused by speed of sound with temperature is introduced. The variation of sound speed with temperature rise for most soft tissue follows a similar pattern to that of water. Unlike most liquids, the sound speed of tissue increases with temperature. However, at temperatures above about 50 °C, there is no further increase in the sound speed and the temperature coefficient may become slightly negative. For ablation therapy, an irreversible injury to tissue and a complete heart block occurs in the range of 48–50 °C for a short period in accordance with the well known Arrhenius equation. Using these two properties, we propose a potential tool to detect the moment when tissue damage occurs using the reduced slope in the thermal strain curve as a function of heating time. Using a prototype intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) array for imaging and a catheter for RF ablation, we were able to observe an obvious slope change in the thermal strain curve in an excised tissue sample. The method was further tested in-vivo, using a specially equipped ablation tip and an 11 MHz microlinear (ML) ICE array mounted on the tip of a catheter. As with in-vitro experiments, the thermal strain curve showed a plateau and a change in the sign of the slope.
The Rule of Law in China: A Realistic View of the Jurisprudence, the Impact of the WTO, and the Prospects for Future Development

The construction of the rule of law in China has become an international concern. This article discusses the impact of WTO accession on China's legal reform in the context of the rule of law jurisprudence. It discusses the "thin" / "thick" theories of the rule of law, arguing that the Lon Fuller's "thin" theory of the rule of law is a suitable model in the Chinese context. It sees that the "thin" version creates possibilities for the realization of any "thick" theories of the rule of law, including a liberal democratic version, albeit a sudden jump to this "thick" version is neither pragmatic nor even possible. China's urgent task at this stage is to build the requisite institutions to facilitate the establishment of a "thin" rule of law. Compliance with WTO obligations can directly help achieve this goal in terms of transparency, impartial application of laws, and judicial review.
Induction of bilateral plasticity in sensory cortical maps by small unilateral cortical infarcts in rats

Behavioural impairments caused by brain lesions show a considerable, though often incomplete, recovery. It is hypothesized that cortical and subcortical plasticity of sensory representations contribute to this recovery. In the hindpaw representation of somatosensory cortex of adult rats we investigated the effects of focal unilateral cortical lesions on remote areas. Cortical lesions with a diameter of ≈ 2 mm were induced in the parietal cortex by photothrombosis with the photosensitive dye Rose Bengal. Subsequently, animals were kept in standard cages for 7 days. On day seven, animals were anaesthetized and cutaneous receptive fields in the cortical hindpaw representations ipsi‐ and contralateral to the lesion were constructed from extracellular recordings of neurons in layer IV using glass microelectrodes. Receptive fields in the lesioned animals were compared to receptive fields measured in nonlesioned animals serving as controls. Quantitative analysis of receptive fields revealed a significant increase in size in the lesioned animals. This doubling in receptive field size was observed equally in the hemispheres ipsi‐ and contralateral to the lesion. The results indicate that the functional consequences of restricted cortical lesions are not limited to the area surrounding the lesion, but affect the cortical maps on the contralateral, nonlesioned hemisphere.
Resuscitation of Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock Patients With Hypertonic Saline—Without Dextran—Inhibits Neutrophil and Endothelial Cell Activation

ABSTRACT Posttraumatic inflammation and excessive neutrophil activation cause multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), a major cause of death among hemorrhagic shock patients. Traditional resuscitation strategies may exacerbate inflammation; thus, novel fluid treatments are needed to reduce such posttraumatic complications. Hypertonic resuscitation fluids inhibit inflammation and reduce MODS in animal models. Here we studied the anti-inflammatory efficacy of hypertonic fluids in a controlled clinical trial. Trauma patients in hypovolemic shock were resuscitated in a prehospital setting with 250 mL of either 7.5% hypertonic saline (HS; n = 9), 7.5% hypertonic saline + 6% dextran 70 (HSD; n = 8), or 0.9% normal saline (NS; n = 17). Blood samples were collected on hospital admission and 12 and 24 h after resuscitation. Multicolor flow cytometry was used to quantify neutrophil expression of cell-surface activation/adhesion (CD11b, CD62L, CD64) and degranulation (CD63, CD66b, CD35) markers as well as oxidative burst activity. Circulating concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVACM-1), P- and E-selectins, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were assessed by immunoassay. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, leukocytosis, and mortality were lower in the HS and HSD groups than in the NS group. However, these differences were not statistically significant. Hypertonic saline prevented priming and activation and neutrophil oxidative burst and CD11b and CD66b expression. Hypertonic saline also reduced circulating markers of neutrophil degranulation (MPO and MMP-9) and endothelial cell activation (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, soluble E-selectin, and soluble P-selectin). Hypertonic saline + 6% dextran 70 was less capable than HS of suppressing the upregulation of most of these activation markers. This study demonstrates that initial resuscitation with HS, but neither NS nor HSD, can attenuate posttraumatic neutrophil and endothelial cell activation in hemorrhagic shock patients. These data suggest that hypertonic resuscitation without dextran may inhibit posttraumatic inflammation. However, despite this effect, neither HS nor HSD reduced MODS in trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock.
Closed-Loop Supply Chains: A Critical Review, and Future Research

In this article, I present a review and tutorial of the literature on closed-loop supply chains, which are supply chains where, in addition to typical forward flows, there are reverse flows of used products (postconsumer use) back to manufacturers. Examples include supply chains with consumer returns, leasing options, and end-of-use returns with remanufacturing. I classify the literature in terms of strategic, tactical, and operational issues, but I focus on strategic issues (such as when should an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) remanufacture, response to take-back legislation, and network design, among others) and tactical issues (used product acquisition and disposition decisions). The article is written in the form of a tutorial, where for each topic I present a base model with underlying assumptions and results, comment on extensions, and conclude with my view on needed research areas.
Romantic Functioning and Depressive Symptoms Among Early Adolescent Girls: The Moderating Role of Parental Emotional Availability

This study tested associations between adolescent romantic functioning and depressive symptoms and predicted that adolescents with emotionally unavailable parents would be most likely to show an association between poor romantic functioning and depressive symptoms. Data collected from 80 early adolescent nonreferred girls (average age of 13.45; SD = .68) and their mothers supported predictions. A higher frequency of romantic experiences (e.g., going on dates) and poor romantic competence were each associated with higher levels of current depressive symptoms. Moreover, these associations were most strong for girls with emotionally unavailable parents.
Log Optimal Portfolios for the Poor: A New Proposal for Log Optimal Wealth Creation for Low Income Families

This article aims to propose the creation of a marketplace mechanism that can create significant wealth for the poor and low income citizens of a nation. The innovative approach described here is to create legislation that allows for the creation of a new product for investment targeted to low-income families. The distinguishing feature of this product is that it creates wealth without imposing negative externalities on the wealthy or future generations as traditional policy tools like taxes do.
Challenges of Evaluating Sentiment Analysis Tools on Social Media

This paper discusses the challenges in carrying out fair comparative evaluations of sentiment analysis systems. Firstly, these are due to differences in corpus annotation guidelines and sentiment class distribution. Secondly, different systems often make different assumptions about how to interpret certain statements, e.g. tweets with URLs. In order to study the impact of these on evaluation results, this paper focuses on tweet sentiment analysis in particular. One existing and two newly created corpora are used, and the performance of four different sentiment analysis systems is reported; we make our annotated datasets and sentiment analysis applications publicly available. We see considerable variations in results across the different corpora, which calls into question the validity of many existing annotated datasets and evaluations, and we make some observations about both the systems and the datasets as a result.