Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of 2019 Patients Undergoing Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction From a Community-Based Registry

Background: Knowledge of patient characteristics, surgical fixation, graft choice, outcomes, and concurrent injuries of revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is limited. Purpose: To describe the current cohort of revision ACLR captured by a community registry and the outcomes observed in the registered patients. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Patients who underwent revision ACLR registered between February 2005 and June 2014, by 200 surgeons in 46 hospitals, were evaluated. The Kaiser Permanente ACLR Registry (KPACLRR) collected data intraoperatively and postoperatively using paper forms, electronic medical records, administrative claims data, and patient-reported outcomes. The KPACLRR cohort was longitudinally followed, and outcomes were prospectively ascertained. Outcomes (ie, revisions, subsequent operative procedures, deep surgical site infections, and deep venous thrombosis) were adjudicated via a chart review. Descriptive statistics were employed. Results: Of 2019 patients who underwent revision ACLR, at a median follow-up of 2.2 years (interquartile range, 1.0-3.8 years), 212 (10.5%) required subsequent operative procedures, and 86 (4.3%) were revised a second time. At the time of revision, 55.1% of the patients had at least 1 concurrent meniscal injury, and 26% of those were repairable. Cartilage injuries were present in 42.0% of patients. Deep surgical site infections occurred in 12 patients (0.6%), deep venous thrombosis occurred in 5 patients (0.3%), and 1 patient (0.1%) had a pulmonary embolism. Conclusion: Revision ACLR can be performed with a low short-term revision rate and relatively few complications. At the time of revision, nearly half of these patients had an irreparable meniscal injury, and slightly less than half had a cartilage injury. A large community-based ACLR registry is useful in informing surgeons of current treatment practices, prevalence of concurrent injuries, and outcomes associated with the procedures, especially infrequent procedures such as revision ACLR.
An Evaluation of Alternative Investment Hypotheses Using Non-Nested Tests

Investment is an important determinant of aggregate economic performance in most macroeconomic models. There are, however, quite different hypotheses about the determinants of aggregate investment behavior. Several studies have evaluated the performance of alternative investment models based upon explanatory power and/or predictive ability. ' A survey of the results of these studies reveals that, depending on the time period used for the evaluation, and the type of investment spending, the preferred models vary between studies. Unlike previous studies, we evaluate alternative econometric investment models utilizing hypothesis tests based on a structural norm. Because of differences in the theoretical foundations for the investment hypotheses, empirical specifications used for evaluating these hypotheses with available data are non-nested; i.e., the alternative specifications cannot be viewed as special cases of one another. Strictly speaking, the criterion of explanatory power is not correct when non-nested alternatives are being considered and the questions focus on comparative structural specifications. The choice of the most appropriate structure of econometric investment equations is important for two reasons. First, if one is interested in forecasting investment spending, a properly specified model will perform better over time than an improperly specified one. Confidence in model specification reduces the probability that the results are a statistical artifact or a result of spurious time series regressions [6, 202-204]. Second, if one is interested in evaluating the effects of policy changes on investment spending, model specification is crucial.2 Alternative specifications of investment equations have quite different implications for policy changes. For example, a change in the investment tax credit would have no direct impact in an accelerator model. This paper reports results from applying non-nested hypothesis tests to the evaluation of alternative investment models. The issue is which model specification is most appro-
Hepatic Uptake of Bilirubin and Its Conjugates by the Human Organic Anion Transporter SLC21A6*

Bilirubin, the end product of heme catabolism, is taken up from the blood circulation into the liver. This work identifies a high-affinity transport protein mediating the uptake of bilirubin and its conjugates into human hepatocytes. Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) permanently expressing the recombinant organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2 (human OATP2, also known as LST-1 or OATP-C; symbol SLC21A6) showed uptake of [3H]monoglucuronosyl bilirubin, [3H]bisglucuronosyl bilirubin, and [3H]sulfobromophthalein withK m values of 0.10, 0.28, and 0.14 μm, respectively. High-affinity uptake of unconjugated [3H]bilirubin by OATP2 occurred in the presence of albumin and was not mediated by another basolateral hepatic uptake transporter, human OATP8 (symbol SLC21A8). OATP2 and OATP8 differed by their capacity to extract substrates from albumin before transport. In comparison to the high-affinity transport by OATP2, OATP8 transported [3H]sulfobromophthalein and [3H]monoglucuronosyl bilirubin with lower affinity, withK m values of 3.3 and 0.5 μm, respectively. The organic anion indocyanine green potently inhibited transport mediated by OATP2, with a K i value of 112 nm, but did not inhibit transport mediated by OATP8. Human OATP2 may play a key role in the prevention of hyperbilirubinemia by facilitating the selective entry of unconjugated bilirubin and its glucuronate conjugates into human hepatocytes.
Health Promotion Programs and Healthy Lifestyle: First Generation African Black Males' Perspectives.

BACKGROUND It is well documented that black males are more likely to suffer from heart disease, type II diabetes, hypertension, and other chronic diseases than any other racial group in the United States. It is also undeniable fact that physical activity, healthy eating behavior, and accessing routine medical checkups can help prevent or control some of those chronic diseases. However, little is known about black African males' physical activity, nutritional and health screening behaviors in the US. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to determine the first generation black African males' perceptions, beliefs and attitudes about healthy lifestyle and preventive care and culturally appropriate way to promote health promotion programs among them. METHODS Convenient sample and snowball methods were used to recruit 50 (mean age=38 years) first generation black African males to participate in an one hour long face-to-face interview. Fifteen semi-structured open ended questions were used but there were other follow-up questions. The interview data were descriptively analyzed to find trends. RESULTS The study reveals obesity and overweight problem among the participants. However, most of the participants; lead sedentary behavior, engage in poor eating habit, and do not access routine physical checkups. More than half (n=28) of the participants reported that they do not do exercise or engage in physical activities because of: lack of time, laziness, lack of discipline, and lack of understanding of the importance of physical activities. Some of the participants also indicated that having a physical activity regimen is foreign to their African culture. Most of the respondents reported that they do not eat balanced diet regularly and most of their daily food intake contains too much carbohydrate. In addition, they eat similar food almost every day, skip meals which results in eating large portion size at irregular eating time. On accessing routine health screening behaviors, most respondents stated lack of trust in the healthcare system, the fear of knowing their health status, lack of health insurance were some of the reasons that prevent them from accessing regular health screening. CONCLUSION Healthy lifestyle promotion programs which are based on the culture of first generation black African males stand a better chance of having a greater impact on this targeted population as opposed to a "one-size-fits-all" approach.
Unemployment and labour force participation in Japan

This article studies a long-run relationship between the labour-force participation rate and the unemployment rate in Japan. By using cointegration analysis, we demonstrate that there exists a long-run relationship between the two variables for male workers but not for female workers. Furthermore, using labour-force data by age group, we find the added-worker effect for young males and the discouraged-worker effect for middle-aged and old male groups.
Using GA-Assisted Monte Carlo Simulation to Value American Put Options

This study attempts to value American put options using a Monte Carlo simulation assisted by genetic algorithms (GA). In previous literature, some researchers have proposed approaches to valuing American options using a Monte Carlo simulation. These approaches rely on the estimation of the value of continuing at each early exercise point. Once the estimated value of continuing has been obtained, early exercise decisions are made by comparing this value with the value of exercising. Normally, by working backwards, the value of continuing is estimated. The backwards working elements of these Monte Carlo approaches to pricing American options are complex. Moreover, working backwards demands a great deal of computational effort and a huge amount of computer memory. In this study American put options will be valued without estimating of the value of continuing. Consequently, working backwards is not needed and the simple flexible pure forward-working quality of the Monte Carlo simulation is retained. Genetic algorithms will be used to assist the Monte Carlo method in making the early exercise decisions as optimally as possible. This is possible because better early exercise decisions can bring about a bigger expected discounted profit.
Planned Communities, Self-containment and Commuting: A Cross-national Perspective

Many new towns are planned as balanced, self-contained communities. This paper examines the association between how self-contained new towns are and how their residents and workers commute, drawing upon experiences in the US, the UK, metropolitan Paris and greater Stockholm. While American new towns are fairly self-contained, their commuting characteristics are largely indistinguishable from less-planned control communities. Britain's most recent new towns are highly balanced and self-contained, yet they are comparatively auto-dependent. By contrast, the rail-served new towns outside Paris and Stockholm are the least self-contained among the new towns studied; however, most external commutes are by rail transit or other non-auto modes. In general, there was an inverse relationship between self-containment and transit commuting in the European new towns studied. The paper concludes that other policies, like coordinated transit services, more strongly influence commuting choices among new town residents and workers than initiatives aimed at jobs-housing balance and self-sufficiency.
Overexpression of osteopontin in clear cell carcinoma of the ovary: close association with HNF‐1β expression

Aims: Transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)‐1β is selectively expressed in clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the ovary. One of the potential HNF‐1β target genes is osteopontin (OPN). Although elevation of OPN mRNA has been reported in CCC, it remains unclear whether CCC cells overexpress OPN protein. The aim was to investigate the expression of OPN protein and its correlation with HNF‐1β status in CCC.
Opening the Black Box: The Internal Labor Markets of Company X

This paper sets out to analyze an internal data set on a Taiwanese auto dealer employing three distinct types of workers. The effects of jobs and levels are positive on both the salary and bonus equations, albeit smaller under a fixed effects than under OLS; however, when factoring in individual fixed effects, the reductions in the bonus equations are greater than those in the salary equations. With changing economic conditions, any consequent variations are greater in bonuses than in salaries, with the most extreme variations being felt by higher ranking employees than lower-level workers. Promotion premiums between levels are smaller than the average differences in pay, and although wage variations do exist within and between levels, the greater effect is on bonuses rather than salaries. The variations in both salaries and bonuses, defined by the coeffficient variations, are also greater in those years when demand is high, as opposed to years of low demand. Entry and exit behavior is observed at all levels, although it is more likely to occur among the lower levels of the hierarchy. Finally, we present strong evidence in support of the cohort effect. Overall, our findings confirm the prevalence of internal labor market (ILM) theories.
Does knowledge mediate the relationship between the environment and the decision to innovate or imitate

This paper describes the mediator role of knowledge (codifiability and complexity) between the environment (dynamism, sophistication and hostility) and the decision to innovate or to imitate. The author argues that innovation and imitation are the endpoints of a continuum, and that each is associated with different degrees of knowledge codifiability and complexity. The results support this argument, reveal the influence of environmental dimensions on knowledge types, and on the decision of innovating and imitating, and provide a positive answer to the traditional question: 'Are innovators more profitable than imitators? ' The author tested the hypotheses with a survey of 238 firms from the most innovative Spanish industries using structural equation modelling.
Cross-layer interaction management: A modularity consideration

Cross-layer interaction is an indispensable part of cross-layer design, which has been proved to greatly improve the performance of wireless networks. In this paper, a scheme for cross-layer interaction management (CLIM) is proposed. It has the following distinct advantages. Firstly, CLIM achieves efficiency by considering the modularity of protocol stack. Secondly, in CLIM, implementing cross-layer interaction is more flexible than before, because the way to access a layer¿s inner variable can be chosen freely, and will no longer be restricted to specific method like data sharing or signaling. Thirdly, CLIM maintains the good architecture of the wireless protocol stack by using DSA and message queue mechanism to manage the cross-layer interactions. CLIM can be amalgamated with 802.16 signalling system so as to make possible the use of multiple cross-layer designs in a 802.16 terminal.
Integrated capacity, demand, and production planning with subcontracting and overtime options

Models for integrated production and demand planning decisions can serve to improve a producer's ability to effectively match demand requirements with production capabilities. In contexts with price‐sensitive demands, economies of scale in production, and multiple capacity options, such integrated planning problems can quickly become complex. To address these complexities, this paper provides profit‐maximizing production planning models for determining optimal demand and internal production capacity levels under price‐sensitive deterministic demands, with subcontracting and overtime options. The models determine a producer's optimal price, production, inventory, subcontracting, overtime, and internal capacity levels, while accounting for production economies of scale and capacity costs through concave cost functions. We use polyhedral properties and dynamic programming techniques to provide polynomial‐time solution approaches for obtaining an optimal solution for this class of problems when the internal capacity level is time‐invariant. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007
From Plan to Market: A Comparison of Health and Old Age Care Policies in the UK and Sweden

This article reviews changes in the organization, delivery and financing of health care and old age services in the UK and Sweden over the past 25 years. User autonomy has become a more important policy objective than equity of access or equality of opportunity, with a greater reliance on market mechanisms for delivering services. The public and politicians seem to be prepared to accept that competition, choice and decentralization may result in a widening of regional and geographical inequalities, and the erosion of the universal character of the welfare state. These developments reflect broader normative shifts in both societies, and are likely to continue and become more widespread in the future, as they will be strongly influenced by demographic and social factors, fiscal constraints and the policies of supranational bodies such as the European Union.
Highly Integrated FP/FBG Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of High Temperature and Strain

An inline fiber-optic micro-Fabry-Perot (MFP) cavity and a short fiber Bragg grating (SFBG) is overlapped to form an integrated MFP/SFBG sensor for simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain under high temperature (300 °C). The FP cavity is fabricated on a GeO2-doped photon sensitive fiber using the 157-nm laser micromachining technique and the SFBG is written at the same position of the MFP cavity using the standard 248-nm laser method. As the MFP cavity and SFBG have different sensitivity coefficients to temperature and strain, they can be utilized for realization of simultaneous measurement of dual parameters.
The Employment Impacts of Active Labour Market Policy: The Case of SSP Plus

We assess the impact of one part of a large Canadian active labour market project known as the SelfSufficiency Project (SSP). Here, we focus on the SSP Plus component, which offered job-related services to former welfare recipients in addition to a generous earnings supplement. We explore two explanations for the positive incremental impact of SSP Plus on the full-time employment rate: (a) SSP Plus induced more individuals to take up full-time work; and (b) the availability of the employment services increased the likelihood that those who qualified for the supplement would work full-time. Using the propensity score matching technique, we find evidence that the impact was the result of both factors with the latter confined to those participants who would not have taken up full-time work without the incentives provided by SSP Plus.
Life Cycle Assessment of Wooden Interior Doors in Germany: A Sector‐Representative Approach for a Complex Wooden Product According to EN 15804 Methodology

Based on the standards, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14040/44 and EN 15804, a cradle‐to‐gate analysis with an end‐of‐life scenario was carried out to provide a sector‐representative environmental product declaration (EPD) for wooden interior doors according to the new standard, EN 15804. Methodological challenges caused by the complexity of the product system and the objective of representativeness are discussed. Primary inventory data were collected at 19 door production sites and covers 87% of the total German door production. The life cycle assessment was conducted using generic data for wooden materials, which is in line with EN 15804 derived from the ÖkoHolzBauDat project. Additionally, generic data from GaBi Professional and ecoinvent databases were used. Besides the estimation of fossil carbon dioxide emissions, the biogenic carbon content of the wooden biomass was taken into account. The highest environmental impacts originate from manufacturing the semifinished wood products and fittings in the prechains. A sensitivity analysis reveals uncertainties up to 17% in the EPD results. These can be attributed to the use of the partly inadequate linear scaling of the life cycle inventory by a factor of 1.57 to fit the required size of the functional unit given by the relevant product category rules. The consideration of biogenic carbon embodied in the wooden biomass leads to very high manufacturer‐specific deviations to the averaged global warming potential results when cradle‐to‐gate stages are considered only.
Line-coupled microstrip slotted patch antenna with modified ground structure for next generation of wireless communications

Nowadays, requirements of excessive data rate with high reliability face the next generation of wireless communications with wideband links and millimeter-wave frequencies. This brings new communication systems to use of high frequency antennas. Also wide band antennas will help designers to choose desired frequency bands with required bandwidth. In this paper bandwidth enhancement of a printed antenna for next generation of wireless communication systems is studied in terms of ground plane structure. The proposed line-coupled antenna consists of a 18 mm microstrip feed line which sandwiches by two 62 mil 5880 Rogers Duroid substrates with dimensions of 40 ∗ 40 mm2 at bottom layer and 30 ∗ 30 mm2 at top layer. A circular patch with two symmetric pairwise arc slots and a notch circle subtracted from the patch is mounted on top layer substrate. An optimization on microstrip feed line width and slot width was done. With optimized values along with conventional ground plane, bandwidth of 18.18% with central frequency of 22 GHz obtained. Modifying ground plane structure led to bandwidth enhancement to 55.2%, extended from 20.5 GHz to 36.1 GHz. the proposed antenna with modified ground plane structure, shows remarkable return losses of −30.6 dB at 28.6 GHz with 6 dB gain, −28.2 dB at 31.2 GHz with 3.38 dB gain and −40 dB at 32.8 GHz with 7.9 dB gain. Due to low attenuation factors in frequency range of 28 GHz to 38 GHz this antenna is a good candidate for next generation of wireless communication systems. The proposed antenna with modified ground structure is fabricated and tested. The simulation and measured results are in a good agreement.
FORECASTING A ONE QUARTER DECLINE IN U.S REAL GDP WITH PROBIT MODELS

This paper examines the capacity of a variety of macroeconomic indicators to forecast a one-quarter decline in U.S. real GDP in a given quarter using a standard probit model. We find the U.S Conference Board index of coincident indicators of U.S. economic activity to be the best single coincident predictor of a one-quarter decline in U.S. real GDP. The index has much more information content than employment, industrial production, and the NAPM overall index. The predictive power of the index of coincident indicators is enhanced when used in combination with the change in the U.S. Fed funds rate lagged two quarters. Oneand two-quarters ahead, the best single leading predictors are Finance Canada’s index of leading indicators of U.S. economic activity and the U.S. yield curve. The change in the U.S. real Fed funds rate and the growth in U.S. real stock prices add the most to the predictive capacity of the U.S. leading index and the U.S. yield curve. The paper also assesses the reliability of four probit models in forecasting a one-quarter decline in U.S. real GDP for forecast horizons from zero to three quarters. In-sample and out-of-sample, the most reliable model has a forecast horizon of zero quarters. It includes growth in the U.S. Conference Board index of coincident indicators of U.S. economic activity in the current quarter and the change in the U.S. Fed funds rate lagged two quarters as the information set. In-sample, it predicted 68 per cent of the nineteen quarterly declines in U.S. real GDP since the second quarter of 1963. Out-of-sample, the success rate is 80 per cent since the first quarter of 1980. Out-of-sample simulations show that using only one or two months of data for the coincident index for the current quarter has no impact on the reliability of the model in forecasting one-quarter declines in real GDP.