Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of CPU: I/O overlap on computer system configurations

Recent trends in computer technology and design favor the development of computer systems with low levels of multiprogramming. Performance measures such as throughput can be improved under these circumstances by overlapping computation and input/output requests (CPU: I/O overlap). A computationally efficient model is presented which determines accurate bounds on the expected improvement which CPU: I/O overlap may introduce. This model can represent a wide range of multiprogrammed multiprocessor systems. The model is applied to a parametric analysis over a range of multiprocessor systems. CPU: I/O overlap appears to be promising for high speed computers with low levels of multiprogramming and for multiprocessor systems with a large number of processors.
Supplemental Cryptographic Hardware for Smart Cards

A smart card is a small computer in credit card format with no man-machine interface. This industry wide recognition expresses an essential fact. The specific properties of smart cards, compared with all other types of cards, are determined by a microcontroller integrated in a card, which controls, initiates, and monitors all activities. Software alone cannot satisfy all smart card requirements. Manufacturers must offer additional functions in hardware. The authors describe true random-number generators and an advanced encryption standard computation unit: two different special-purpose hardware blocks that can be integrated on the silicon substrate along with the usual functional units of a smart card microcontroller.
Low‐expression of E‐cadherin in leukaemia cells causes loss of homophilic adhesion and promotes cell growth

E‐cadherin (epithelial cadherin) belongs to the calcium‐dependent adhesion molecule superfamily and is implicated in the interactions of haematopoietic progenitors and bone marrow stromal cells. Adhesion capacity to bone marrow stroma was impaired for leukaemia cells, suggesting that a breakdown of adhesive mechanisms governed by an adhesion molecule may exist in leukaemic microenvironment. We previously found that E‐cadherin was low expressed in primary acute leukaemia cells compared with normal bone marrow mononuclear cells. In this study, we investigate the functional importance of low E‐cadherin expression in leukaemia cell behaviours and investigate its effects in the abnormal interaction of leukaemic cells with stromal cells. After expression of E‐cadherin was restored by a demethylating agent in leukaemia cells, E‐cadherin‐specific adhesion was enhanced. Additionally, siRNA (small interfering RNA)‐mediated silencing of E‐cadherin in Raji cells resulted in a reduction of cell homophilic adhesion and enhancement of cell proliferation and colony formation. These results suggest that low expression of E‐cadherin contributes to the vigorous growth and transforming ability of leukaemic cells.
2 MAX GUNZBURGER AND

A quadrature-rule type approximation of the quasi-continuum method for atomistic mechanics is presented. Simple analysis and computational experiments are presented that illustrate that the new method has, for the same accuracy, lower complexity compared to not only the quasicontinuum method, but also to cluster-type approximations of that method. A discussion about some implementation issues connected to the new method is also provided.
The cyanate utilization capacity of marine unicellular Cyanobacteria

Cyanate, a by-product of urea decomposition, is a potential nitrogen (N) source in marine environments, but to date it has received scant attention. Cyanobacteria presumably acquire this compound via a substrate-specific ABC-type transporter (cynABD), and they convert it to ammonium and carbon dioxide by cyanase (cynS) activity. Participation of cyanate utilization genes in N-stress responses in cyanobacteria has been implied previously, but its ecological context has not been studied. We employed polymerase chain reaction protocols for cynA amplification to examine the potential for cyanate recruitment in the Gulf of Aqaba, northern Red Sea. We also monitored growth of cyanobacterial strains with different cynABDS complements on cyanate-containing media. We showed that cyanate is utilized as the sole N source by strains with the full gene complement, and residual growth, fed by natural decay of cyanate to ammonium, was observed in strains lacking any of these genes. Natural abundance of cynA products in the oligotrophic Gulf of Aqaba indicates that cyanate constitutes an essential N source for Prochlorococcus, but not for Synechococcus populations. Noncyanobacterial cynA sequences indicate cyanate utilization by a variety of other phototrophic microorganisms. We hypothesize that in stratified water bodies, cyanate utilization is confined to the N-deplete upper photic zone, where it plays a role in "regenerated" primary production.
Multi-domain Software Defined Networking : Exploring possibilities

Since the appearance of OpenFlow, the Software Defined Networking has become a hot topic inside the networking industry and academia. One of the topics currently under study, is the adaptation of SDNs to the multi-domain environment, as current OpenFlow lacks of mechanisms by itself to accomplish that. In this scenario, the GN3plus JRA2T1 task group is investigating how to integrate SDN/OpenFlow with the Network Services Framework, which has been proven useful for its application in multi-domain environments. The research is focused on two different areas. The first one tackles with the establishment of end-to-end connections across different domains where at least one of the domains is SDN/OpenFlow-enabled. The second one aims to provide isolated slices to experimenters where the resources belong to different domains.
Persistent reflux symptoms cause anxiety, depression, and mental health and sleep disorders in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients

Some patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease experience persistent reflux symptoms despite proton pump inhibitor therapy. These symptoms reduce their health-related quality of life. Our aims were to evaluate the relationship between proton pump inhibitor efficacy and health-related quality of life and to evaluate predictive factors affecting treatment response in Japanese patients. Using the gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire, 145 gastroesophageal reflux disease patients undergoing proton pump inhibitor therapy were evaluated and classified as responders or partial-responders. Their health-related quality of life was then evaluated using the 8-item Short Form Health Survey, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaires. Sixty-nine patients (47.6%) were partial responders. These patients had significantly lower scores than responders in 5/8 subscales and in the mental health component summary of the 8-item Short Form Health Survey. Partial responders had significantly higher Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores, including anxiety and depression scores, than those of responders. Non-erosive reflux disease and double proton pump inhibitor doses were predictive factors of partial responders. Persistent reflux symptoms, despite proton pump inhibitor therapy, caused mental health disorders, sleep disorders, and psychological distress in Japanese gastroesophageal reflux disease patients.
MOTIVATION AND ASPIRATION IN THE NEGRO COLLEGE.

THE FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE CAREER CHOICES AND ASPIRATIONS OF STUDENTS ATTENDING SELECTED NEGRO COLLEGES IN THE SOUTH WERE STUDIED. OF MAJOR CONCERN WERE THE WAYS WHICH rme STUDENTS' SOCIAL AND FAMILY BACKGROUNDS, MOTIVATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS, INVOLVEMENTS IN CIVIL RIGHTS, AND EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCES ENCOURAGE OR CONSTRAIN ALTERNATIVES IN MAKING CHOICES ABOUT THEIR FUTURES. THE INSTITUTIONS WERE SELECTED FOR PROVIDING WIDE DIVERSITIES IN PUBLIC-PRIVATE SPONSORSHIP, ACADEMIC STATUS, AND AMOUNT OF CONSTRAINT ON CIVIL RIGHTS ACTIVITIES. 0,STIONNAIRES WERE ADMINISTERED TO 4,000 STUDENTS AT 10 INSTITUTIONS. IN ADDITION, INTERVIEWS WERE CONDUCTED WITH 600 STUDENTS TO OBTAIN MORE INTENSIVE INFORMATION. DATA COLLECTED WERE ON SPECIFIC MEASURES OF OCCUPATIONAL ASPIRATION, CLASS BACKGROUND, FAMILY INFLUENCE, MOTIVATION, AND INST! TUTtONAL CHARACTERISTICS. THE RESULTS INDICATED THAT (1) ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY TEACHING CAREERS WERE THE PREDOMINANT PROFESSIONAL CHOICE, (2) HIGH ACHIEVEMENT ORIENTATION AND SENSE Of PERSONAL CONTROL WERE POSITIVELY RELATED TO ASPIRATIONS POR JOBS OF PRESTIGE, (3) REALISTIC ASPIRANTS (ABILITY MATCHED EQUALLY WITH LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE) WERE MORE LIKELY THAN UNDEROR OVER-ASPIRANTS TO ATTRIBUTE THE FAILURE OF OTHER NEGROES TO PROBLEMS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION, AND (4) OVERALL DIFFERENCES EXISTED AMONG THE 10 SCHOOLS IN DEGREES OF STUDENT ASPIRATION.
Would Diversity Really Increase the Robustness of the Routing Infrastructure against Software Defects?

Today’s Internet routing infrastructure exhibits high homogeneity. This constitutes a serious threat to the resilience of the network, since a bug or security vulnerability in an implementation could make all routers running that implementation become simultaneously unusable. This situation could arise as a result of a defective software upgrade or a denial-of-service attack. Diversity has been proposed as a solution to increase resilience to software defects, but the benefits have not been clearly studied. In this paper, we use a graph theoretic approach to study the benefits of diversity for the robustness of a network, where robustness is the property of a network staying connected under a software failure. We address three fundamental questions: 1) How do we measure the robustness of a network under such failures? 2) How much diversity is needed to guarantee a certain degree of robustness? 3) Is there enough diversity already in the network or do we need to introduce more? We find that a small degree of diversity can provide good robustness. In particular, for a Tier-1 ISP network, five implementations suffice: two for the backbone routers and three for the access routers. We learn that some networks may already have enough diversity, but the diversity is not adequately used for robustness. We observe that the best way to apply diversity is to partition the network into contiguous regions using the same implementation, separating backbone and access routers and taking into account if a router is replicated. We evaluate our approach on multiple real ISP topologies, including the topology of a Tier-1 ISP. This material is based upon work partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. 0311808, No. 0433540, No. 0448452, No. 0627511, and CCF-0424422. Partial support was also provided by the U.S. Army Research Office under the Cyber-TA Research Grant No. W911NF-06-1-0316, and under grant DAAD19-02-1-0389 through CyLab at Carnegie Mellon. The views and conclusions contained here are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of ARO, NSF, or the U.S. Government or any of its agencies. This work was also supported in part by the Korean Ministry of Information and Communication and the Korean Institute for Information Technology Advancement under program 2005-S-606-02.
La conducta antisocial en el contexto familiar

Se presenta un análisis de la problemática de la conducta antisocial en el ámbito familiar. En primer lugar, se analiza y expone el concepto, y otros términos afines como el trastorno de conducta o la delincuencia. En dicho análisis se incluyen las principales características del trastorno. En segundo lugar, se exponen los factores de riesgo de la conducta antisocial. Éstos se clasifican en factores de inicio y factores de mantenimiento. En tercer lugar, se presentan los tratamientos más prometedores para la conducta antisocial en el contexto familiar. En cuarto lugar, se analizan los avances realizados en el ámbito de la prevención y se presenta la Intervención precoz en los padres y en la familia, como alternativa prometedora desde el contexto familiar. A 10 largo de los diversos contenidos presentados en la exposición, se presta especial atención a todos aquellos aspectos donde la influencia o la intervención de la familia es especialmente directa. Finalmente, se exponen las conclusiones derivadas del análisis realizado.
Méthodologie et outils pour la conception d'un habitat intelligent

La realisation de systemes complexes de mesures, de controle et de surveillance necessite une methodologie de conception rigoureuse et des outils adaptes pour aboutir a un systeme sans faute. La demarche methodologique proposee vise a aider a la conception d'un systeme complexe dedie a la gestion intelligente du confort et a la securite des personnes au sein de l'habitat. Cette demarche s'integre dans un processus d'Ingenierie Systeme et s'appuie sur les standards UML et SYSML, mais egalement sur le formalisme HiLes, developpe par le LAAS et adapte a la conception de modele commande, la verification formelle et la simulation numerique. Ces travaux de these presentent les methodes et les outils de conception preconises pour un habitat intelligent integrant les objectifs de confort et de securite. Deux experimentations sont decrites utilisant une commande auto-adaptative basee sur l'apprentissage des habitudes des utilisateurs dans leur environnement de vie et implementes sur site reel.
Innate Responses Induced by Whole Inactivated Virus or Subunit Influenza Vaccines in Cultured Dendritic Cells Correlate with Immune Responses In Vivo

Vaccine development involves time-consuming and expensive evaluation of candidate vaccines in animal models. As mediators of both innate and adaptive immune responses dendritic cells (DCs) are considered to be highly important for vaccine performance. Here we evaluated how far the response of DCs to a vaccine in vitro is in line with the immune response the vaccine evokes in vivo. To this end, we investigated the response of murine bone marrow-derived DCs to whole inactivated virus (WIV) and subunit (SU) influenza vaccine preparations. These vaccine preparations were chosen because they differ in the immune response they evoke in mice with WIV being superior to SU vaccine through induction of higher virus-neutralizing antibody titers and a more favorable Th1-skewed response phenotype. Stimulation of DCs with WIV, but not SU vaccine, resulted in a cytokine response that was comparable to that of DCs stimulated with live virus. Similarly, the gene expression profiles of DCs treated with WIV or live virus were similar and differed from that of SU vaccine-treated DCs. More specifically, exposure of DCs to WIV resulted in differential expression of genes in known antiviral pathways, whereas SU vaccine did not. The stronger antiviral and more Th1-related response of DCs to WIV as compared to SU vaccine correlates well with the superior immune response found in mice. These results indicate that in vitro stimulation of DCs with novel vaccine candidates combined with the assessment of multiple parameters, including gene signatures, may be a valuable tool for the selection of vaccine candidates.
The Postantibiotic Effect: A Review of in Vitro and in Vivo Data

The term postantibiotic effect (PAE) refers to a period of time after complete removal of an antibiotic during which there is no growth of the target organism. The PAE appears to be a feature of most antimicrobial agents and has been documented with a variety of common bacterial pathogens. Several factors influence the presence or duration of the PAE including the type of organism, type of antimicrobial, concentration of antimicrobial, duration of antimicrobial exposure, and antimicrobial combinations. In vitro, beta-lactam antimicrobials demonstrate a PAE against gram-positive cocci but fail to produce a PAE with gram-negative bacilli. Antimicrobials that inhibit RNA or protein synthesis produce an in vitro PAE against gram positive cocci and also produce a PAE against gram-negative bacilli. In vitro methods used to determine the PAE include colony counts, optical density, and measurement of adenosine triphosphate in bacteria. The exact mechanisms by which antimicrobials induce the PAE have not been clearly delineated. Animal studies reveal in vivo PAEs in accordance with PAEs obtained in vitro for most organism/ antimicrobial combinations. The clinical relevance of the PAE is probably most important when designing dosage regimens. The presence of a long PAE allows aminoglycosides to be dosed infrequently; the lack of an in vivo PAE suggests that beta-lactam antimicrobials require frequent or continuous dosing. Important questions remain to be answered concerning the PAE.
“Bricks & Clicks”: The Impact of Product Returns on the Strategies of Multi-Channel Retailers

The Internet has increased the flexibility of retailers allowing them to operate an online arm in addition to their physical stores. The online channel offers potential benefits in selling to customer segments that value the convenience of online shopping, but it also raises new challenges. These include the higher likelihood of costly product returns when customers’ ability to ‘touch and feel’ products is important in determining fit. We study competing retailers that can operate dual channels (“Bricks & Clicks”) and examine how pricing strategies and physical store assistance levels change as a result of the additional Internet outlet. A central result we obtain is that when differentiation among competing retailers is not too high, having an online channel can actually increase investment in store assistance levels (e.g., greater shelf display, more qualified sales staff, floor samples) and decrease profits. Consequently, when the decision to open an Internet channel is endogenized, there can exist an asymmetric equilibrium where only one retailer elects to operate an online arm but earns lower profits than its Bricks-Only rival. We also characterize equilibria where firms open an online channel, even though consumers only use it for research and learning purposes but buy in stores. A number of extensions are discussed, including retail settings where firms carry multiple product categories, shipping and handling costs, and the role of store assistance in impacting consumer perceived benefits. (Channels of Distribution, Retailing, Internet Marketing, Product Returns, Reverse Logistics,
Computational Modelling and Prediction of Gaze Estimation Error for Head-mounted Eye Trackers

Head-mounted eye tracking has significant potential for mobile gaze-based interaction with ambient displays but current interfaces lack information about the tracker’s gaze estimation error. Consequently, current interfaces do not exploit the full potential of gaze input as the inherent estimation error can not be dealt with. The error depends on the physical properties of the display and constantly varies with changes in position and distance of the user to the display. In this work we present a computational model of gaze estimation error for head-mounted eye trackers. Our model covers the full processing pipeline for mobile gaze estimation, namely mapping of pupil positions to scene camera coordinates, markerbased display detection, and display mapping. We build the model based on a series of controlled measurements of a sample state-of-the-art monocular head-mounted eye tracker. Results show that our model can predict gaze estimation error with a root mean squared error of 17.99 px (1.96◦). Author
Succession and Fermentation Products of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) Hindgut Microbiota in Response to an Extreme Dietary Shift

Dietary intake affects the structure and function of microbes in host intestine. However, the succession of gut microbiota in response to changes in macronutrient levels during a long period of time remains insufficiently studied. Here, we determined the succession and metabolic products of intestinal microbiota in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) undergoing an abrupt and extreme diet change, from fish meal to Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense). Grass carp hindgut microbiota responded rapidly to the diet shift, reaching a new equilibrium approximately within 11 days. In comparison to animal-diet samples, Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae and Erysipelotrichaceae increased significantly while Cetobacterium decreased significantly in plant-diet samples. Cetobacterium was negatively correlated with Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae and Erysipelotrichaceae, while Bacteroides was positively correlated with Lachnospiraceae. Predicted glycoside hydrolase and polysaccharide lyase genes in Bacteroides and Lachnospiraceae from the Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZy) database might be involved in degradation of the plant cell wall polysaccharides. However, none of these enzymes was detected in the grass carp genome searched against dbCAN database. Additionally, a significant decrease of short chain fatty acids levels in plant-based samples was observed. Generally, our results suggest a rapid adaption of grass carp intestinal microbiota to dietary shift, and that microbiota are likely to play an indispensable role in nutrient turnover and fermentation.
Quantifying the impact of optical interconnect latency on the performance of optoelectronic FPGAs

In this paper, we address the possible advantages of using optoelectronic area-I/O to realize three-dimensional multi-FPGA architectures. Our approach is based on experimental determination of achievable clock rates when realizing synchronous designs. Our experiments indicate that three-dimensional optoelectronic multi-FPGA architectures exhibit higher performance than traditional two-dimensional electronic FPGAs, provided the optical link latency is sufficiently low. It turns out that with latencies of state of the art optical links the gains can be positive, in particular for large and complex designs.
Network and erasure coding for improved packet delivery

Network coding (NC) and erasure coding (EC) share a common principle of encoding incoming data packets at network intermediate nodes so that destination nodes can reconstruct the original data packets using a sufficient number of encoded data packets collected at the destinations. While NC in general reduces the number of packets sent through the network, EC introduces redundancy into the packet streams to recover from lost packets. Many research papers in NC assume loss-free packet transmission, and to address this issue, end-to-end packet loss recovery through EC has been proposed. In this paper, we investigate hop-by-hop packet loss recovery through EC so as to avoid the accumulation of lost packets throughout the network using flow oriented EC. Specifically, we explore combined NC and EC at intermediate nodes in the networks to allow for improved packet loss recovery compared to end-to-end EC. Different implementations trading the packet processing complexity at the intermediate and destination nodes are considered. This paper first examines the effects of data loss in NC and then the improvements achievable with the proposed method are presented.