Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disks, Microjets, Windblown Bubbles, and Outflows in the Orion Nebula

New deep narrowband images of the Orion Nebula obtained with WFPC2 on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and spectra taken with the HIRES spectrometer at the Keck Observatory are presented. We report eight new circumstellar disks seen in silhouette against the background nebular light and about 30 dark disks embedded within the bright proplyds rimmed by ionization fronts. Deep narrowband λ6300 Å images reveal skins of glowing [O I] emission associated with several disks embedded within bright proplyds. [O I] emission also surrounds one dark disk not surrounded by an ionization front; this object may be embedded within the photon-dominated, mostly neutral region behind the ionization front of the Orion Nebula. The intensity and morphology of the [O I] emission provides support for the photon-dominated–region models of externally irradiated circumstellar disks in which soft UV powers photoablation of the disk surface. Dozens of outflows powered by young stars have been discovered on the new images. More than 20 stellar jets emerge from the externally irradiated circumstellar disks or their associated young stars embedded within the Nebula. Most are one-sided (monopolar) subarcsecond-scale microjets, too small to be seen on ground-based images against the bright background nebular light. Additionally, wide-angle winds from 10 young stars in the outskirts of the Nebula power large-scale bow shocks facing the Trapezium OB stars. These shocks may be produced by wind-wind interactions where the T-Tauri winds interact with the outflow of plasma from the core of M42. The largest such structure, associated with the star LL Ori, contains a number of compact high–proper-motion clumps moving almost tangentially to the bow shock. The new data are combined with older HST images to determine proper motions for many nebular features. Neither the LL Ori type bow shocks in the outskirts of the nebula nor the Hα + [O III] arcs that surround many proplyds near the Trapezium show measurable proper motions and are therefore stationary structures. However, most other bow-shaped features not centered on young stars exhibit large proper motions, with velocities ranging from 50 to 300 km s-1. The sources of many of these moving features remain unknown. The proper-motion survey of the nebular core reveals the presence of about a dozen new large-scale (>0.1 pc) outflow complexes. Many of these new outflows originate from the vicinity of the high-luminosity OMC-1S infrared and submillimeter source complex located southwest of the Trapezium. These supersonic features provide evidence that stellar outflows inject large amounts of kinetic energy into the nebula. However, a quantitative analysis indicates that their total power is small compared with the power in the plasma flowing away from the main nebular ionization front.
Efficient TDFEM schemes with second-order PML based on different temporal basis functions

The time domain finite element method (TDFEM) formulations have been presented using two kinds of temporal basis functions, B-spline and Lagrange interpolation polynomial, and the computational domain is truncated with second-order perfectly matched layer (PML). This is motivated by utilising good interpolation features of these temporal basis functions and better absorption performances of second-order PMLs. Numerical cases demonstrate that the proposed TDFEM schemes achieve more accurate results with about 5% to 7% increase of run time and 1.5% increase of memory usage compared with the TDFEM scheme with Sacks PML. However, the presented TDFEM schemes merely require 1/6th of the total run time for frequency domain FEM.
[Lscr ]-invariants arising from conjugate measures of Sym2E

We construct three p-adic L-functions attached to the symmetric square of a modular elliptic curve. Following a calculation of Perrin-Riou for one of these functions, we compute the derivative of the p-adic L-function associated to the square of the non-unit root of Frobenius at p. This generalises Greenberg's notion of [Lscr ]-invariant to these three-dimensional Galois representions.
Photonic band structure of the quasi-one-dimensional photonic quasicrystals

We calculate, using finite difference method, the dispersion relation of photons transmitting through a one-dimensional photonic quasicrystal arranged in a generalized Fibonacci, generalized Thue-Morse and double periodic sequence. The structure of dispersion curves clearly shows their self-similar structure. With this method of calculation, we can obtain distribution of the electric field and energy density, group velocity and effective refraction index for the structure. We discuss taking into consideration the dispersion in layer materials and negative index materials.
Detached eddy simulations of flush wall injection into a supersonic freestream

Three cases of flush wall injection of helium into supersonic freestreams are simulated using detached eddy simulation with a synthetic inflow boundary layer used to provide a time-varying boundary condition. The synthetic inflow boundary layer only resolves the largest structures of the boundary layer and provides statistically meaningful perturbations to the jet plume. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations of each case are used for comparison. Two of the cases involve low-angled injection into a Mach 4.0 freestream, one being a single, circular cross section injector and the other being an array of four circular cross section injectors. The injection in the third case takes place through a circular cross section that is normal to the Mach 3.0 freestream. For the two Mach 4.0 cases, the DES with the synthetic boundary layer is found to reproduce the width of the jet plume well, but overpredict the jet plume height. Mean helium mass fraction contours are compared with experiment at two downstream data planes for the normal injection. At both data stations the DES overpredicts the mean height of the core of the jet plume (location of maximum helium concentration), but captures the overall plume height better than RANS. The DES and RANS are found to predict significantly dierent
Dynamic interaction of vehicles moving on uniform bridges

Abstract The dynamic interaction problem of moving vehicles on uniform suspension bridges is studied. The resulting variable moving loads acting on the bridge are of great practical importance to both bridge and automotive engineers. The vehicle, including the occupants, is modelled as a planar half-car with six degrees of freedom, and the bridge is assumed to obey the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory with arbitrary conventional boundary conditions. However, the numerical simulations presented here are for the case of a vehicle travelling at a constant speed on a bridge with simply supported end conditions. Owing to the continuously moving location of the loads on the bridge, the governing differential equations will have time-varying coefficients and hence become rather complicated. The relationship between the bridge vibration characteristics and the vehicle speed is established, resulting in a search for a particular speed that determines the maximum values of dynamic deflection and the bending moment of the bridge.
Infrared spectroscopy of dust in the Taurus dark clouds: ice and silicates

Des spectres IR representant les caracteristiques de la poussiere pour la glace a 3 μm et le silicate a 10 μm sont presentes pour des etoiles en direction du complexe de nuages sombres Taurus, l'echantillon observe incluant des etoiles de champ vues a travers le nuage et des objets presents dans l'environnement poussiereux des nuages. Le resultat principal de l'etude demontre une correlation lineaire remarquable entre l'extinction visuelle Av et la profondeur optique dans la caracteristique d'absorption 3 μm de la glace pour les etoiles de champ vues a travers le nuage. Par contraste, la caracteristique d'absorption a 9.7 μm du silicate est faiblement correlee avec Av, refletant une dilution de l'absorption du silicate relativement a Av resultant de la croissance des manteaux moleculaires dans le nuage sombre
Impact of low 6,13-pentacenequinone concentration on pentacene thin film growth

Thin films of pentacene (P) have been vacuum codeposited on SiO2 with low concentrations of 6,13-pentacenequinone (PQ) in order to investigate the impact on the pentacene thin film structure. Within a range of 2%–20% PQ concentration no intercalation of the compounds can be observed by means of x-ray diffraction and infrared absorption spectroscopy. The crystalline quality of the P films stays unchanged by the presence of PQ, whereas P bulk phase contributions are being suppressed at PQ concentrations ⩾5%, which could be confirmed by means of atomic force microscopy. From the results the authors suggest phase-separated PQ growth as well as PQ nucleation at P grain boundaries.
HIGH-FIELD GALVANOMAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF NIOBIUM AND TANTALUM.

The galvanomagnetic properties of niobium and tantalum were measured at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K in fields up to 100 kG for single crystals having residual resistivity ratios of 1500 (niobium) and \ensuremath{\sim}10 000 (tantalum). The two metals exhibit very similar anisotropy of their galvanomagnetic properties. Each is uncompensated, with a net number of carriers equal to one hole per atom. The strong anisotropy of the magnetoresistance results from open orbits on a surface which is topologically similar to a set of intersecting cylinders along the cube axes. Measurements of the Hall coefficient with the field along the symmetry axes show this to be an open hole surface, and provide a measure of two of its dimensions. This surface is consistent with that proposed by Mattheiss for the group-VB metals on the basis of his energy-band calculations for tungsten.
Three-scale Radar Backscattering Model of the Ocean Surface Based on Second-order Scattering

Based on the second-order composite surface and stochastic multi-scale models, an ocean surface backscattering model is proposed in this paper, including both the large- /intermediate-/small-scale scattering and the second-order Bragg scattering. Within this frame, we derive a second-order Bragg scattering expression, and develop an analytic solution of hydro- dynamic modulation function according to weak hydrodynamic interaction theory. In addition, tilt modulation is simulated through the observation angle transform between nominal and local coordinate systems. The result shows that reasonable agreement between measured and simu- lated data is obtained, and this model is better than the two models mentioned above.
On cyclotomic units connected with $p$-adic characters

Let $P$ be an odd prime and let $K$ be an abelian number field of degree prime to $P$ which contains a primitive $P$ -th root of unity. We denote by $\eta_{\phi}$ a $\phi$-relative cyclotomic unit in the sense of Gras [2], where $\phi$ is a non-trivial even p-adic character of the Galois group of $K$ over the rationals. Gras has given some congruences concerning $\eta_{\phi}$ and Bernoulli numbers associated with the reflection
Balanced phase matching in segmented KTiOPO4 waveguides

A new phase matching technique is described which is based on phase mismatch balancing in crystal or waveguide segments that are short compared to their respective coherence lengths. The technique is demonstrated experimentally in a mixed bulk crystal/waveguide structure in KTiOPO4, resulting in a second‐harmonic generation conversion efficiency of 15%/W/cm2 at 1.064 μm, close to the theoretical maximum. We show that this technique can significantly broaden processing latitude for fabricating practical nonlinear optical waveguide devices.
A featural analysis of the Modern Roman Alphabet

The present article shows that the letters of the Modern Roman Alphabet have an internal structure that is highly systematic in both inner-graphematic and functional-phonological terms. The framework of analysis is Optimality Theory. This approach is congenial for the data at issue as many apparently unmotivated exceptions are optimal choices among competing candidates that are evaluated by violable ranked constraints. The results of the present investigation corroborate a branching correspondence model in which general modality-independent constraints such as dependency, compositionality, markedness and iconism are shown to have independent modality-specific instantiations in speech and writing with bidirectional correspondences serving as functional links across modalities.
Ginsparg‐Wilson Formulation of 2D N = (2,2) SQCD with Exact Lattice Supersymmetry

We discuss on a lattice formulation of 2D N = (2,2) SQCD preserving one of its supercharges. In particular, the overlap Dirac operator, which satisfies the Ginsparg‐Wilson relation, is introduced to the matter sector of the theory. It exactly realizes chiral flavor symmetry on lattice, to make possible to define the lattice action for general number of the flavors of fundamental and anti‐fundamental matter multiplets. Furthermore, superpotential terms can be introduced with exact holomorphic or anti‐holomorphic structure on lattice. It is applicable to the lattice formulation of matter multiplets charged only under the central U(1) (the overall U(1)) of the gauge group G = U(N), and then to lattice models for gauged linear sigma models with exactly preserving one supercharge and their chiral flavor symmetry.
Thermoelectric properties of MOCVD-grown AlInN alloys with various compositions

Thermoelectric properties of AlInN alloys, grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE), with In-contents (x) from 11 % up to 21.34% were characterized and analyzed at room temperature. The thermoelectric figure of merit (Z*T) values of the n-Al1-xInxN alloys were measured as high as 0.391 up to 0.532 at T = 300 K. The use of high In-content (x = 21.34%) AlInN alloys leads to significant reduction in thermal conductivity [κ = 1.62 W/(mK)] due to the increased alloy scattering, however, the optimized thermoelectric material was obtained for AlInN alloy with In-content of 17% attributed to its large power factor.
Photocurrent studies of stress and aging in pentacene thin film transistors

In this work the authors report on photocurrent spectroscopy analyses on pentacene thin film transistors that have been bias stressed and exposed to atmosphere over a long period of time (up to 80days). They have studied the charge transport properties and the electronic excited state energy and distribution of these organic thin film devices. They also have identified the major excitonic and band gap transition energies and have investigated their quite different behavior following exposure to atmosphere or to bias stress. Different charge carrier distributions and trapping phenomena are proposed to describe the observed effects.
Jacobian Matrix of a Novel Continuum Robot for Search and Rescue

In this paper, a novel continuum robot for search and rescue is presented. A forward kinematic model is derived by product of exponentials formula, compare with conventional D-H method, this method is concise and simplicity. Finally, based on the differential kinematics using the chain rule, the overall Jacobian of the robot is established. This approach can be generally applied to various continuum robots, regardless of the specific actuation system used.
Non-LTE line-blanketed model atmospheres of hot stars. 1: Hybrid complete linearization/accelerated lambda iteration method

A new munerical method for computing non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (non-LTE) model stellar atmospheres is presented. The method, called the hybird complete linearization/accelerated lambda iretation (CL/ALI) method, combines advantages of both its constituents. Its rate of convergence is virtually as high as for the standard CL method, while the computer time per iteration is almost as low as for the standard ALI method. The method is formulated as the standard complete lineariation, the only difference being that the radiation intensity at selected frequency points is not explicity linearized; instead, it is treated by means of the ALI approach. The scheme offers a wide spectrum of options, ranging from the full CL to the full ALI method. We demonstrate that the method works optimally if the majority of frequency points are treated in the ALI mode, while the radiation intensity at a few (typically two to 30) frequency points is explicity linearized. We show how this method can be applied to calculate metal line-blanketed non-LTE model atmospheres, by using the idea of 'superlevels' and 'superlines' introduced originally by Anderson (1989). We calculate several illustrative models taking into accont several tens of thosands of lines of Fe III to Fe IV and show that the hybrid CL/ALI method provides a robust method for calculating non-LTE line-blanketed model atmospheres for a wide range of stellar parameters. The results for individual stellar types will be presented in subsequent papers in this series. Associated Articles Paper 1 Part 2 Part 3 Source Software
Canonical correlation analysis as a general linear model : A heuristic lesson for teachers and students

Abstract Using a hypothetical data set, the authors provide concrete examples to illustrate that canonical correlation analysis is a general linear model, subsuming other parametric procedures as special cases. Specific statistical techniques included in the analysis are t tests, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, ANOVA, MANOVA, and discriminant analysis. The discussion is aided by an initial explanation of the logic of canonical analysis. Further, similarities between the canonical technique and other univariate and multivariate procedures are highlighted. The treatment is intended to reiterate a framework in which statistical concepts can be presented to students.
A Power-Control-Based WSN Boundary Detection Algorithm for Agricultural Environment Mornitoring

As the traditional boundary detection algorithms usually ignore the boundary width, this paper proposed a boundary detection algorithm based on power control to adjust the edge width. The algorithm did not need to establish the 2-neighbor graph which with higher time and space is complex. The algorithm detected boundary only by analyzing the connectivity of the rings, and did not require any information about node location. Simulation results show that the algorithm can detect the boundary nodes exactly.
Practical identifiability analysis of large environmental simulation models

Large environmental simulation models are usually overparameterized with respect to given sets of observations. This results in poorly identifiable or nonidentifiable model parameters. For small models, plots of sensitivity functions have proven to be useful for the analysis of parameter identifiability. For models with many parameters, however, near‐linear dependence of sensitivity functions can no longer be assessed graphically. In this paper a systematic approach for tackling the parameter identifiability problem of large models based on local sensitivity analysis is presented. The calculation of two identifiability measures that are easy to handle and interpret is suggested. The first accounts for the sensitivity of model results to single parameters, and the second accounts for the degree of near‐linear dependence of sensitivity functions of parameter subsets. It is shown how these measures provide identifiability diagnosis for parameter subsets, how they are able to guide the selection of identifiable parameter subsets for parameter estimation, and how they facilitate the interpretation of the correlation matrix of the parameter estimate with respect to parameter identifiability. In addition, we show how potential bias of the parameter estimates, due to a priori fixing of some of the parameters, can be analyzed. Finally, two case studies are presented in order to illustrate the suggested approach.
Probing of Ferroelectric Surface and Bulk Domains in Ferroelectric RMnO3 (R = Y, Ho) by Second Harmonic Generation

Second harmonic generation (SHG) on ferroelectric 180° domains of YMnO 3 and HoMnO 3 reveals an order of magnitude increase of the SH intensity upon electric poling and distinct asymmetries of the intensity and phase of the SH signal with respect to the sign of the poling field. The effects are explained by a quantitative model for the interference of SH contributions from domains at the surface and in the bulk of the sample. On the basis of this model, the near-surface sensitivity of the SHG is employed to investigate the properties of a pinned ferroelectric surface layer inherent to the samples.
The importance of Fabry–Pérot resonance and the role of shielding in subwavelength imaging performance of multiwire endoscopes

Multiwire endoscopes may enable the manipulation of the electromagnetic field in the subwavelength scale. Recently, two different configurations of such devices have been proposed. Here, we compare the imaging performance of the imaging device introduced by Belov et al. [Phys. Rev. B 73, 033108 (2006)] and by Silveirinha et al. [Phys. Rev. B 75, 035108 (2007)] with the shielded multiwire endoscope described by Shvets et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 053903 (2007)]. It is demonstrated that the performance of the latter may be strongly affected by the presence of a metallic shield around the endoscope and by poor matching between the endoscope and free space. Our results show that the metallic shield is completely unnecessary and emphasize the importance of tuning the length of the wires according to the Fabry–Perot resonance condition, as proposed by Belov et al. [Phys. Rev. B 73, 033108 (2006)].
Hybrid Laplace transform/finite-element method for two-dimensional transient heat conduction

A powerful method of analysis, the combined use of the Laplace transform and the finite-element method, is applicable to the problem of time-dependent heat flow systems. The present method removes the time terms using the Laplace transform and then solves the associated equation with the finite-element technique. The associated temperature transform is inverted by the method of Dubner and Abate for obtaining the required results. The present results are compared in tables to the analytical solutions and other numerical data, and it is found that the present solutions are stable and convergent to them. There exists no time step; thus, the present method is a useful tool in solving lengthy problems or in other engineering applications.
Dynamic splitting of a Bose-Einstein condensate

We study the dynamic process of splitting a condensate by raising a potential barrier in the center of a harmonic trap. We use a two-mode model to describe the phase coherence between the two halves of the condensate. Furthermore, we explicitly consider the spatial dependence of the mode funtions, which varies depending on the potential barrier. This allows us to get the tunneling coupling between the two wells and the on-site energy as a function of the barrier height. Moreover, we can get some insight into the collective modes that are excited by raising the barrier. We describe the internal and external degrees of freedom by variational ansatz. We distinguish the possible regimes as a function of the characteristic parameters of the problem and identify the adiabaticity conditions.