Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Life cycle assessment in building: A case study on the energy and emissions impact related to the choice of housing typologies and construction process in Spain

While there exists an international trend to develop zero or near zero emissions building solutions by 2020, and European governments continuously update their building regulations to optimize the building envelope and energy systems to achieve this during the building use stage, at least in Spain the building regulations do not take into account the impact of emissions resulting from urbanization and construction activities prior to building use. This research studies in detail the entire emissions balance (and how it may be related to energy efficiency) in a newly built residential cluster project in Mancha Real (Jaen, Spain), and influences due to the choice of different urban typologies. For comparison, terraced housing and low-density, four-floor, multi-family housing alternatives have been studied. The present work assessed the life cycle of the building with the help of commercial software (CYPE), and the energy efficiency and emissions according to the legal regulations in Spain with the official software LIDER and CALENER VYP. After a careful choice of building and systems alternatives and their comparison, the study concludes that the major emissions impact and energy costs of urbanization and building activity occurs during construction, while later savings due to reductions in building use emissions are very modest in comparison. Therefore, deeper analysis is suggested to improve the efficiency of the construction process for a significantly reduced emission footprint on the urban environment.
Model Reduction for Nonlinear Systems by Incremental Balanced Truncation

In this paper, the method of incremental balanced truncation is introduced as a tool for model reduction of nonlinear systems. Incremental balanced truncation provides an extension of balanced truncation for linear systems towards the nonlinear case and differs from existing nonlinear balancing techniques in the definition of two novel energy functions. These incremental observability and incremental controllability functions form the basis for a model reduction procedure in which the preservation of stability properties is guaranteed. In particular, the property of incremental stability, which provides a notion of stability for systems with nonzero inputs, is preserved. Moreover, a computable error bound is given. Next, an extension towards so-called generalized incremental balanced truncation is proposed, which provides a reduction technique with increased computational feasibility at the cost of a (potentially) larger error bound. The proposed reduction technique is illustrated by means of application to an example of an electronic circuit with nonlinear elements.
Structure-Function relationship in skeletal muscle fibres-405-Is there an Explicit Correspondence Between Physiological and Morphological Features in Amphibian Twitch Skeletal Muscle Fibres ?

The contractile characteristics, fatiguability, and ultrastructure were examined in individual twitch skeletal muscle fibres dissected from the iliofibularis muscle of frog Rana temporaria in order to define if an explicit correspondence exists between physiological and morphological features in different types of muscle fibres. Three groups of twitch fibres were distinguished in the study according to their fatiguability: fatigue resistant (FR), moderately fatigued (MF) and easily fatigued (EF). The ultrastructural features such as regularity of striation, the density of myofibrils, Z-band morphology, mitochondrial and lipid droplet contents, which are commonly used to distinguish skeletal muscle fibre types, are shown to correlate with physiological properties verifying FR, MF and EF fibre groups only in a statistical way. In individual fibres, however, there is no strong correlation between contraction speeds, fatiguability, and ultrastructural features. The conclusion is made that ultrastructural features of individual fibres may not be used to predict the physiological properties attributed to particular fibre type.
A Survey of Web Information Extraction Tools

access to huge amount of information sources on the internet has been limited to browsing and searching due to the heterogeneity and the lack of structure of the web information sources. This has resulted in the need for automated Web Information Extraction (IE) tools that analyze the Web pages and harvest useful information from noisy content for any further analysis. The goal of this survey is to provide a comprehensive review of the major Web IE tools that used for Web text and based on Document Object Model for representing the web pages. This paper compares them in three dimensions: (1) the source of content extraction, (2) the techniques used, and (3) the features of the tools, moreover the advantages and disadvantages for each tool. Based on this survey, we can decide which suitable Web IE tool will be integrated in our future work in Web Text Mining.
Molecular characterization and functional analysis of the major autolysin of Staphylococcus aureus 8325/4

The gene encoding the major autolysin of Staphylococcus aureus 8325/4 has been cloned, sequenced, and insertionally inactivated. The three-domain, 137,384-Da protein has a C-terminal glucosaminidase active site and is involved in cell separation, generalized cell lysis, and release of wall material at the cell surface. Expression occurs throughout growth and is stimulated by low temperatures and in the presence of 1 M NaCl.
Detection of a Serum DMA-binding Protein Associated with Cancer 1

An accompanying report describes the purification and partial characterization of a unique DNA-binding protein (M, 64,000; pi 5.9) that is present in human sera. This report gives the results of assays of sera from patients for the bleomycin inhibitor protein (BIP) using the Pseudomonas bacteriophage covalently closed circular DNA fluorescence technique standardized for DNA breakage induced by bleomycin. The results of the BIP assays were expressed by values of specific activity of inhibition. One arbitrary unit of inhibitory activity was defined as equivalent to the amount of serum protein required to cause 50% inhibition of DNA degradation using standard conditions of the DNA breakage assay. The mean values of specific activity of inhibition (SAI) for groups of healthy individ uals (n = 26), patients with nonmalignant diseases (n = 33), and patients with malignant diseases (n = 88) were 12.60 Â± 4.69 (S.E.), 12.53 Â± 3.17, and 2.40 Â± 0.84 units/mg, re spectively. Mean SAI values for patients with cancers of various types were: solid tumors (n = 46), 2.44 Â±0.86; leukemias (n = 24), 2.59 Â±0.96; and lymphomas (n = 18), 2.07 Â±0.64. The decrease in BIP activity was not correlated with sex, age, or prior chemotherapy. Mean SAI values of male (n = 29) and female (n = 59) patients with cancer were 2.61 Â±0.87 and 2.30 Â± 0.83 units/mg, respectively. Mean SAI values for different age groups were: 0 to 40 years (n = 21), 2.05 Â± 0.68 units/mg; 41 to 70 years (n = 56), 2.59 Â±0.68 units/ mg; and >70 years (n = 11), 2.12 Â±0.67 units/mg. Cancer patients with and without prior chemotherapy had mean SAI values of 2.97 Â±0.85 (n = 23) and 2.20 Â±0.86 units/mg (n = 65), respectively. Linear regression analysis comparing SAI values and serum protein levels showed no correlation (r = 0.21). These results suggest the decrease of the BIP is asso ciated with malignant disease. Additional controlled studies are required before the significance of this association can be adequately assessed.
An approach of Support Vector Machine to improve the training speed

When training a Support Vector Machine (SVM) we need to solve a very large convex optimization problems, typically Quadratic Programs (QP) that will largely reduce the solving speed of SVM. An improved algorithm to speed up training of SVM is proposed. The algorithm uses the fact that the solution of the QP is same if you remove the training samples that correspond to zero Lagrange multipliers. The training samples of zero Lagrange multipliers are nonsupport vectors. The samples located in the center of the training samples are nonsupport vectors. We can identify the samples in the center of the training samples and remove them using variance in statistics to decrease training samples as much as possible. In the paper, the balance factor that is the key parameter is analyzed and its value range is provided. Simulation experiments are performed using the databases including an artificial and an UCI real data. Simulation experiments indicate that the improved algorithm can cut down the training time of SVM by 80% while the ability of SVM to classification is unaffected. This approach is practicable.
How Far Is Too Far? – A Statistical Approach to Context‐contingent Proximity Modeling

Proximity is a fundamental concept in any comprehensive ontology of space ( Worboys 2001 ). The provision of a context‐contingent translation mechanism between linguistic proximity measures (e.g. “near”, “far”) and metric distance measures is an important topic in current GIS research. After a discussion of context factors that mediate the relationship between linguistic and metric distance measures, we present a statistical approach, Ordered Logit Regression, to the context‐contingent proximity modeling. The approach can predict proximity given the corresponding metric distance and context variables. An empirical case study with human subjects is carried out using this statistical approach. Interpretation and predictive accuracy of the empirical case study are discussed.
Pacemaker current (I(f)) in the human sinoatrial node.

AIMS Animal studies revealed that the hyperpolarization-activated pacemaker current, I(f), contributes to action potential (AP) generation in sinoatrial node (SAN) and significantly determines heart rate. I(f) is becoming a novel therapy target to modulate heart rate. Yet, no studies have demonstrated that I(f) is functionally present and contributes to pacemaking in human SAN. We aimed to study I(f) properties in human SAN. METHODS AND RESULTS In a patient undergoing SAN excision, we identified SAN using epicardial activation mapping. From here, we isolated myocytes and recorded APs and I(f) using patch-clamp techniques. Pacemaker cells generated spontaneous APs (cycle length 828 +/- 15 ms) following slow diastolic depolarization, maximal diastolic potential - 61.7 +/- 4.3 mV, and maximal AP upstroke velocity 4.6 +/- 1.2 V/s. They exhibited an hyperpolarization-activated inward current, blocked by external Cs(+) (2 mmol/L), characterizing it as I(f). Fully-activated conductance was 75.2 +/- 3.8 pS/pF, reversal potential - 22.1 +/- 2.4 mV, and half-maximal activation voltage and slope factor of steady-state activation - 96.9 +/- 2.7 and - 8.8 +/- 0.5 mV. Activation time constant ranged from approximately 350 ms (-130 mV) to approximately 1 s (-100 mV), deactivation time constant 156 +/- 45 ms (-40 mV). The role of I(f) in pacemaker activity was demonstrated by slowing of pacemaker cell diastolic depolarization and beating rate by Cs(+). CONCLUSION I(f) is functionally expressed in human SAN and probably contributes to pacemaking in human SAN.
RNA Polymerase II cluster dynamics predict mRNA output in living cells

Protein clustering is a hallmark of genome regulation in mammalian cells. However, the dynamic molecular processes involved make it difficult to correlate clustering with functional consequences in vivo. We developed a live-cell super-resolution approach to uncover the correlation between mRNA synthesis and the dynamics of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) clusters at a gene locus. For endogenous β-actin genes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we observe that short-lived (~8 s) Pol II clusters correlate with basal mRNA output. During serum stimulation, a stereotyped increase in Pol II cluster lifetime correlates with a proportionate increase in the number of mRNAs synthesized. Our findings suggest that transient clustering of Pol II may constitute a pre-transcriptional regulatory event that predictably modulates nascent mRNA output. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.13617. 001
Interpersonal effects of expressed anger and sorrow in morally charged negotiation

The expression of emotion can play a significant role in strategic decision-making. In this study, we hypothesized that emotion expression alters behavior in morally charged negotiation. We investigated the impact of facial displays of discrete emotions, specifically anger and sadness, in a morally charged multi-issue negotiation task. Our results indicate that if a negotiator associated moral significance to the object of the negotiation, displays of anger resulted in reduced concession making whereas displays of sadness increased concession making. Moral significance of the issues fostered an emotional matching mechanism of sorrow, where a sorrow expression from one party elicited a sorrow expression from the other. Taken together, the results indicate that emotional expressions can affect morally charged negotiation in ways that can inhibit as well as promote cooperation.
Enhanced Location Based Sleep Scheduling for Target Tracking Applications in Travel Constrained Smart Space Environments

This paper describes enhancements to LocMAC, extending the protocol for use in environments that present complex travel routes to mobile users. LocMAC is a location aware power saving MAC layer for target tracking applications in Smart Space Environments. Conventional wireless sensor MAC layers increase the lifespan of battery powered wireless nodes by scheduling sleep periods. LocMAC uniquely bases the length of its sleep periods on the relative physical travel distance between fixed and mobile nodes. This is referred to as ‘Location Based Sleep Scheduling’ (LBSS), which guarantees service while maintaining maximum sleep time. Using knowledge of user mobility and environment topology allows the protocol to proactively allow nodes which are not required to sleep for longer periods of time; waking up just in time to service network user requirements. In this paper the operation of LocMAC is extended for use in indoor environments, the performance of the enhanced protocol is compared against the original LocMAC and against existing sleep scheduling MAC protocols through analysis and simulations of typical application scenarios. The results show that LocMACv2 performs significantly better for target tracking applications and is particularly appropriate for use in future Smart Spaces presenting users with constrained travel routes.
On the existence of Kundt's metrics with compact sections of null hypersurfaces

It is shown that Kundt's metric for vacuum cannot be constructed when two-dimensional space-like sections of null hypersurfaces are compact, connected manifolds with no boundary unless they are tori or spheres, i.e. higher genus $\mathbf{g} \geq 2$ is excluded by vacuum Einstein equations. The so-called {\em basic equation} (resulting from Einstein equations) is examined. This is a non-linear PDE for unknown covector field and unknown Riemannian structure on the two-dimensional manifold. It implies several important results derived in this paper. It arises not only for Kundt's class but also for degenerate Killing horizons and vacuum degenerate isolated horizons.
How emissions, climate, and land use change will impact mid-century air quality over the United States: a focus on effects at national parks

Abstract. We use a global coupled chemistry–climate–land model (CESM) to assess the integrated effect of climate, emissions and land use changes on annual surface O3 and PM2.5 in the United States with a focus on national parks (NPs) and wilderness areas, using the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 projections. We show that, when stringent domestic emission controls are applied, air quality is predicted to improve across the US, except surface O3 over the western and central US under RCP8.5 conditions, where rising background ozone counteracts domestic emission reductions. Under the RCP4.5 scenario, surface O3 is substantially reduced (about 5 ppb), with daily maximum 8 h averages below the primary US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of 75 ppb (and even 65 ppb) in all the NPs. PM2.5 is significantly reduced in both scenarios (4 μg m−3; ~50%), with levels below the annual US EPA NAAQS of 12 μg m−3 across all the NPs; visibility is also improved (10–15 dv; >75 km in visibility range), although some western US parks with Class I status (40–74 % of total sites in the US) are still above the 2050 planned target level to reach the goal of natural visibility conditions by 2064. We estimate that climate-driven increases in fire activity may dominate summertime PM2.5 over the western US, potentially offsetting the large PM2.5 reductions from domestic emission controls, and keeping visibility at present-day levels in many parks. Our study indicates that anthropogenic emission patterns will be important for air quality in 2050. However, climate and land use changes alone may lead to a substantial increase in surface O3 (2–3 ppb) with important consequences for O3 air quality and ecosystem degradation at the US NPs. Our study illustrates the need to consider the effects of changes in climate, vegetation, and fires in future air quality management and planning and emission policy making.
Recurrent neural networks inspired by artificial immune algorithm for time series prediction

This paper presents a novel Dynamic Self-Organised Multilayer Neural Network that can be used for prediction of noisy time series data. The proposed technique is based on the Immune Algorithm for financial time series prediction; combining the properties of both recurrent and self-organised neural networks. The network is derived to ensure that a unique equilibrium state can be achieved to overcome the known stability and convergence problems. Extensive simulations for multi-step prediction in stationary and non-stationary time series were performed. The resulting projection made by the proposed network shows substantial profits on financial historical signals when compared to other neural network approaches. These simulations have suggested that dynamic immunology-based self-organised neural networks have a better ability to capture the chaotic movement in financial signals.
Blocking L-type Voltage-gated Ca2+ Channels with Dihydropyridines Reduces γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Expression and Synaptic Inhibition*

γ-Aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) are the major sites of fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain, and the numbers of these receptors at the cell surface can determine the strength of GABAergic neurotransmission. Chronic changes in neuronal activity lead to an adaptive modulation in the efficacy of GABAergic synaptic inhibition, brought about in part by changes in the number of synaptic GABAARs, a mechanism known as homeostatic synaptic plasticity. Reduction in the number of GABAARs in response to prolonged neuronal activity blockade is dependent on the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The underlying biochemical pathways linking chronic activity blockade to proteasome-dependent degradation of GABAARs are unknown. Here, we show that chronic blockade of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) with nifedipine decreases the number of GABAARs at synaptic sites but not the overall number of inhibitory synapses. In parallel, blockade of L-type VGCCs decreases the amplitude but not the frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents or expression of the glutamic acid decarboxylase GAD65. We further reveal that the activation of L-type VGCCs regulates the turnover of newly translated GABAAR subunits in a mechanism dependent upon the activity of the proteasome and thus regulates GABAAR insertion into the plasma membrane. Together, these observations suggest that activation of L-type VGCCs can regulate the abundance of synaptic GABAARs and the efficacy of synaptic inhibition, revealing a potential mechanism underlying the homeostatic adaptation of fast GABAergic inhibition to prolonged changes in activity.
On Aesthetics and Emotions in Images : A Computational Perspective

In this chapter, we discuss the problem of computational inference of aesthetics and emotions from images. We draw inspiration from diverse disciplines such as philosophy, photography, art, and psychology to define and understand the key concepts of aesthetics and emotions. We introduce the primary computational problems that the research community has been striving to solve and the computational framework required for solving them. We also describe datasets available for performing assessment and outline several real-world applications where research in this domain can be employed. This chapter discusses the contributions of a significant number of research articles that have attempted to solve problems in aesthetics and emotion inference in the last several years. We conclude the chapter with directions for
Appendix : Collection of Base Models

Analytical models are mathematical models built after a thorough analysis of the underlying system. The models work as follows: they use information about the workload and the underlying system to predict the performance for different configurations. For example, an analytical model of the cache requires a trace of cache accesses, the cache replacement policy, and the cost of cache hit and miss to predict the access for any cache size. In the following, we describe two such analytical models that we develop to predict the performance of a multi-tier storage system consisting of two-levels of caches (i.e., the DBMS buffer pool and the storage cache) and a disk scheduler.
Towards a Uniform Strategy of Plural Quanti cation ?

This paper relates to the question whether there is a uniform method of collective quantiication. Several approaches to plural quantiication are presented as a background for Winter's (1998) uniied df it lifting strategy. The main proposal is that so-called cumulative readings, which are known to be non-iterative, are in fact deriv-able, under certain circumstances, by an iterative procedure. Cumulativity is shown to be one of the readings that are generated by Winter's df it approach, which contains a modiicational component called the witness condition. However, in order to get these readings, a cumulative operator has to be applied. This operator is needed to overcome an under-generation eeect of the witness condition. Further, it is shown that otherwise iteration of the df it strategy generates counter-intuitive readings. Some motivation is given for the cumulativity operator as well as for the underlying constraints.