Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aggregate Interference Distribution From Large Wireless Networks With Correlated Shadowing: An Analytical–Numerical–Simulation Approach

As the number and variety of wireless devices sharing spectrum increases, it becomes increasingly important to characterize the sum interference that is produced by a large number of interferers. We show that, in the case of several interferers, the assumption of independent shadowing paths is very inaccurate and must be replaced by an appropriate correlation model. We choose one such model, which has desirable mathematical and physical properties, is tunable, and is particularly well suited for simulation, although our approach can also be used with other correlation models. In addition, we allow a very versatile channel and system model. The simulation cost of such systems quickly grows for large numbers of interferers due to the time and memory constraints of the Monte Carlo simulation algorithm using the classic matrix factorization (e.g., Cholesky) approach. We show how an alternative simulation approach using shadowing fields can significantly reduce the order of the computational cost. In addition, we show how judicious random sample reuse and extrapolation based on a numerical analysis of moments can be used to further simplify the simulation. Through the combination of these three approaches, using a mixture of simulation, numerical, and analytical techniques, we can obtain accurate approximations of the distribution of the total interference power while reducing computational time by factors of more than 1000. We can also make some mathematical statements about the problem, which may be useful for further developments. We argue that our model is complex enough to accommodate a good degree of realism and that our approach is a viable alternative to the pure analysis of such a complex and versatile problem.
Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach

If a country's Gross Domestic Product increases each year, but so does the percentage of its people deprived of basic education, health care, and other opportunities, is that country really making progress? If we rely on conventional economic indicators, can we ever grasp how the world's billions of individuals are really managing? In this powerful critique, Martha Nussbaum argues that our dominant theories of development have given us policies that ignore our most basic human needs for dignity and self-respect. For the past twenty-five years, Nussbaum has been working on an alternate model to assess human development: the Capabilities Approach. She and her colleagues begin with the simplest of questions: What is each person actually able to do and to be? What real opportunities are available to them? The Capabilities Approach to human progress has until now been expounded only in specialized works. Creating Capabilities, however, affords anyone interested in issues of human development a wonderfully lucid account of the structure and practical implications of an alternate model. It demonstrates a path to justice for both humans and nonhumans, weighs its relevance against other philosophical stances, and reveals the value of its universal guidelines even as it acknowledges cultural difference. In our era of unjustifiable inequity, Nussbaum shows how--by attending to the narratives of individuals and grasping the daily impact of policy--we can enable people everywhere to live full and creative lives.
Striae Distensae (Stretch Marks) and Different Modalities of Therapy: An Update

BACKGROUND Striae distensea (SD; stretch marks) are a well‐recognized, common skin condition that rarely causes any significant medical problems but are often a significant source of distress to those affected. The origins of SD are poorly understood, and a number of treatment modalities are available for their treatment, yet none of them is consistently effective, and no single therapy is considered to be pivotal for this problem. With a high incidence and unsatisfactory treatments, stretch marks remain an important target of research for an optimum consensus of treatment. OBJECTIVE To identify the current treatment modalities and their effectiveness in the treatment of stretch marks. MATERIALS AND METHODS Review of the recent literature regarding clinical treatment of stretch marks with emphasis on the safety and efficacy of the newer optical devices and laser applications. RESULTS No current therapeutic option offers complete treatment, although there are a number of emerging new modalities that are encouraging. CONCLUSION The therapeutic strategies are numerous, and no single modality has been far more consistent than the rest. The long‐term future of treatment strategies is encouraging with the advance in laser technologies. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
5-6 YAŞ GRUBU ÇOCUĞA SAHİP EBEVEYNLERİN DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN ÇOCUK YETİŞTİRME TUTUMLARINA ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Okul oncesi donem 5–6 yas grubu cocuga sahip anne ve babalarin cocuklarina karsi tutumlarinin incelendigi bu arastirmada, Karabuk Ili’nde yasayan, 381 anne ve 381 baba (n=762 ebeveyn) orneklem olarak alinmistir. Veri toplamada demografik bilgilerin soruldugu bir anket ve Oner ve Torun tarafindan gelistirilen (1989) Aile Tutum Envanteri kullanilmistir. Annelerin cocuklarina karsi tutumlarinin, babalarin tutumlarina gore daha demokratik oldugu bulunmustur (p < 0,05). Anne tutumlarinin anne yasi ve meslegi ile cocugun cinsiyeti ve dogum sirasindan anlamli olcude etkilenmedigi; baba tutumlarinin ise yas, ogrenim duzeyi ve ailede yasayan diger bireylerin varligi durumlarindan etkilendigi belirlenmistir.
Analytical performance and method comparison study of the total homocysteine immunoassay on the AIA 600II analyser

*Corresponding author: Cristina Novembrino, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, Fondazione IRCCS C a Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy, Phone: + 39 0255033473, Fax: + 39 0255034571, E-mail: cristina.novembrino@policlinico.mi. it Rachele De Giuseppe, Claudia De Vita and Fabrizia Bamonti: Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan; Department of Hematology-Oncology and BMT Unit, Fondazione IRCCS C a Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy Federica de Liso, Erminio Torresani and Rita Maiavacca: Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, Fondazione IRCCS C a Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy Agostino Cortelezzi: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan; Department of HematologyOncology and BMT Unit, Fondazione IRCCS C a Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy Iris Romero and Paola Bellati: Marketing & Scientific Department, Tosoh Bioscience, Turin, Italy
Identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Objectives: Streptococcus pneumoniae, pneumococcus, is an importanthuman pathogen that causes both serious invasive infections, suchas septicaemia, meningitis and pneumonia, as well as mild upper respiratoryinfections. It also belongs to the normal nasopharyngeal microbialflora. The purpose of this study was to compare bacteriologicalphenotypic methods with genetechnological methods in the identificationof pneumococci, especially among suspect pneumococcal isolateslacking one or more typical characteristics. In addition, we evaluatedthe usefulness of an STGG medium for the transport and storage ofnasopharyngeal specimens and nasopharyngeal bacterial isolates.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM AND HABITAT USE IN GREATER ANTILLEAN ANOLIS LIZARDS

Abstract Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is the evolutionary result of selection operating differently on the body sizes of males and females. Anolis lizard species of the Greater Antilles have been classified into ecomorph classes, largely on the basis of their structural habitat (perch height and diameter). We show that the major ecomorph classes differ in degree of SSD. At least two SSD classes are supported: high SSD (trunk-crown, trunk-ground) and low SSD (trunk, crown-giant, grass-bush, twig). Differences cannot be attributed to an allometric increase of SSD with body size or to a phylogenetic effect. A third explanation, that selective pressures on male and/or female body size vary among habitat types, is examined by evaluating expectations from the major relevant kinds of selective pressures. Although no one kind of selective pressure produces expectations consistent with all of the information, competition with respect to structural habitat and sexual selection pressures are more likely possibilities than competition with respect to prey size or optimal feeding pressures. The existence of habitat-specific sexual dimorphism suggests that adaptation of Anolis species to their environment is more complex than previously appreciated. Corresponding Editor: E. Martins
Passivity-Based Control of an Overhead Travelling Crane

Abstract In this paper, a passivity-based control scheme is proposed for the two main translational axes of an overhead crane to provide an active damping of crane load oscillations. The decentralised control structure consists of independent axis controllers, which are adapted to the varying rope length using gain-scheduling techniques. The tracking capabilities concerning desired trajectories for the crane load in the xy-plane can be improved by introducing feedforward control based on an inverse system model. Furthermore, a reduced-order disturbance observer is utilised for the compensation of nonlinear friction forces. The achieved control performance is shown by selected experimental results obtained from an implementation on a 5 t-overhead travelling crane.
Chronic intermittent hypoxia enhances cat chemosensory and ventilatory responses to hypoxia

The carotid body (CB) chemoreceptors may play an important role in the enhanced hypoxic ventilatory response induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). We studied the effects of cyclic hypoxic episodes of short duration on cat cardiorespiratory reflexes, heart rate variability, and CB chemosensory activity. Cats were exposed to cyclic hypoxic episodes (P O 2 ∼ 75 Torr) repeated during 8 h for 2–4 days. Cats were anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone (40 mg kg−1i.p., followed by 8–12 mg i.v.), and ventilatory and cardiovascular responses to NaCN (0.1–100 μg kg−1i.v.) and several isocapnic levels of oxygen (P O 2 ∼ 20–740 Torr) were studied. After studying the reflex responses, we recorded the CB chemosensory responses induced by the same stimuli. Results showed that CIH for 4 days selectively enhanced cat CB ventilatory (VT and VI) responses to hypoxia, while responses to NaCN remained largely unchanged. Similarly, basal CB discharges and responses to acute hypoxia (P O 2 < 100 Torr) were larger in CIH than in control cats, without modification of the responses to NaCN. Exposure to CIH did not increase basal arterial pressure, heart rate, or their changes induced by acute hypoxia or hyperoxia. However, the spectral analysis of heart rate variability of CIH cats showed a marked increase of the low‐/high‐frequency ratio and an increase of the power spectral distribution of low frequencies of heart rate variability. Thus, the enhanced CB reactivity to hypoxia may contribute to the augmented ventilatory response to hypoxia, as well as to modified heart rate variability due to early changes in autonomic activity.
Fasting levels of monoketonic bile acids in human peripheral and portal circulation.

It has been suggested that large amounts of ketonic bile acids may be present in portal venous blood. We have therefore determined the approximate concentration of 3-oxo-, 7-oxo-, and 12-oxo-bile acids (monoketonic bile acids) in human peripheral and portal circulation. These compounds were converted into the corresponding 3alpha-, 7alpha-, and 12alpha-hydroxy bile acids by treatment with sodium borodeuteride, thus increasing the molecular weight of each bile acid formed by one mass unit. The ratio between deuterated and nondeuterated bile acid was determined by combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with use of selected ion monitoring. From the ratio obtained and from the concentration of unlabeled bile acid, determined by isotope dilution-mass spectrometry, the approximate concentration of the different ketonic bile acids could be calculated. This method underestimates 3-oxygenated bile acids by 4-8%, 7-oxygenated bile acids by 2-3%, and 12-oxygenated bile acids by about 25%. The approximate concentration of monoketonic 3,7-oxygenated bile acids was found to be 0.08 +/- 0.02 and 0.37 +/- 0.25 micro mol/l in the peripheral venous serum and the portal venous serum, respectively. The approximate concentration of monoketonic 3,12-oxygenated bile acids was found to be 0.07 +/- 0.02 and 0.32 +/- 0.12 micro mol/l in the peripheral venous serum and the portal venous serum, respectively. The approximate concentration of monoketonic 3,7,12-oxygenated bile acids was found to be 0.03 +/- 0.01 and 0.14 +/- 0.05 micro mol/l in the peripheral venous serum and in the portal venous serum, respectively. The total concentration of the ketonic bile acids constituted only 9 +/- 1% and 8 +/- 3% of the nonoxidized bile acids in the peripheral venous serum and in the portal venous serum, respectively. Thus it seems less likely that the portal inflow of ketonic bile acids is of significant physiological importance under normal conditions. -Björkhem, I. , B. Angelin, K. Einarsson, and S. Ewerth. Fasting levels of monoketonic bile acids in human peripheral and portal circulation.
Induction of nitric oxide release from the human alveolar epithelial cell line A549: an in vitro correlate of innate immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis

In view of the presence of a large number of epithelial cells in the alveoli of the lung and their ability to produce various cytokines and chemokines, the possible role of alveolar epithelial cells in the innate immune response to tuberculosis was examined. The human alveolar epithelial cell line A549 was used as a model. The ability of A549 cells to induce nitric oxide (NO) in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was taken as an in vitro correlate of innate immunity. M. tuberculosis infection induced A549 cells to produce significant levels of NO and to express inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA at 48 hr of infection. However, the amount of NO released at this point was not mycobactericidal. Cytokine stimulation (interferon‐γ, tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, alone or in combination) of the infected A549 cells induced a higher concentration of NO. The study of colony‐forming units (CFU) as a measure of the mycobactericidal capacity of A549 cells revealed a reduction in CFU of M. tuberculosis by 39·29% (from 10·62 ± 0·48 – 6·392 ± 0·54) following cytokine stimulation of the infected cells. Interestingly γ‐irradiated M. tuberculosis H37Rv could also induce higher than basal level of NO. Therefore we examined mycobacterial antigenic components for their possible role in NO production. We observed that A549 cells produced significantly higher amounts of NO at 48 hr when treated with mycobacterial whole cell lysates, cell wall or cell membrane preparations. The release of NO and the resultant mycobactericidal activity could be further enhanced by simultaneously conditioning the M. tuberculosis infected A549 cells with cytokine and mycobacterial components. These results suggest that alveolar epithelial cells respond to their microenvironment, which is constituted of various cytokines and macrophage‐processed antigens and may contribute to the innate immune response to tuberculosis.
Comparison between intraperitoneal and oral methylphenidate administration: A microdialysis and locomotor activity study.

The therapeutic and stimulant properties of methylphenidate (MP), a drug commonly prescribed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, have been attributed to increases in synaptic dopamine (DA) concentrations resulting from the blockade of DA transporters. In addition to obvious difficulties inherent in any interspecies comparison, interpretation of preclinical studies done with MP is further complicated by different routes of administration in animals (i.v. and i.p.) compared with humans (oral). In the present study we compared the effects of i.p. and intragastric (oral) MP both on rat nucleus accumbens DA assessed by in vivo microdialysis and on locomotor activity measured in a photocell apparatus. We also compared regional brain uptake and plasma levels of [(3)H]MP after administration of 5 mg/kg via both routes. Intraperitoneal MP (5 and 10 mg/kg) was approximately twice as potent as intragastric MP in terms of increasing extracellular DA levels and in stimulating locomotion. This was consistent with the higher brain uptake of [(3)H]MP when given i.p. rather than intragastrically. The dose of 2 mg/kg produced significant increases in both measurements when administered i.p., but not intragastrically. This study shows that relatively low doses of MP (2 mg i.p. and 5 mg intragastric) significantly increase extracellular DA and locomotor activity and indicates that the differences in the neurochemical and behavioral effects of MP between the intragastric and the i.p. routes are due to central drug bioavailability.
Intelligent Sound Source Localization and its application to multimodal human tracking

We have assessed robust tracking of humans based on intelligent Sound Source Localization (SSL) for a robot in a real environment. SSL is fundamental for robot audition, but has three issues in a real environment: robustness against noise with high power, lack of a general framework for selective listening to sound sources, and tracking of inactive and/or noisy sound sources. To address the first issue, we extended Multiple SIgnal Classification by incorporating Generalized EigenValue Decomposition (GEVD-MUSIC) so that it can deal with high power noise and can select target sound sources. To address the second issue, we proposed Sound Source Identification (SSI) based on hierarchical gaussian mixture models and integrated it with GEVD-MUSIC to realize a selective listening function. To address the third issue, we integrated audio-visual human tracking using particle filtering. Integration of these three techniques into an intelligent human tracking system showed: 1) GEVD-MUSIC improved the noise-robustness of SSL by a signal-to-noise ratio of 5–6 dB; 2) SSI performed more than 70% in F-measure even in a noisy environment; and 3) audio-visual integration improved the average tracking error by approximately 50%.
Two Endogenous Antiangiogenic Inhibitors, Endostatin and Angiostatin, Demonstrate Biphasic Curves in their Antitumor Profiles

Angiogenesis refers to growth of blood vessels from pre-existing ones. In 1971, Folkman proposed that by choking off the blood supply to tumors, they are starved, leading to their demise. A few years ago, the monoclonal antibody Avastin became the first antiangiogenic biological approved by FDA, for treatment of cancer patients. Two other antiangiogenic endogenous protein fragments were isolated in Folkman's laboratory more than a decade ago. Here, we present a short review of data demonstrating that angiostatin and endostatin display a biphasic antitumor dose-response. This behavior is common among a large number of antiangiogenic agents and the reduced effectiveness of antiangiogenic agents at high dose rates may be due to suppression of growth of new vessels carrying the agent into the critical region around the tumor.
Management of spasticity with severe painful myoclonic jerks in an operated case of spinal astrocytoma

Spasticity is a common, but not an inevitable sequel, associated with damage or dysfunction of the upper motor neuron pathway within the central nervous system. It is characterised by spasms, stiffness, clonus, and pain, all of which have functional consequences. Recent evidence suggests that spasticity has many potential pathophysiological mechanisms and is clearly influenced by multiple afferent (cutaneous and proprioceptive) pathways. [3]
FROM COHERENT TO FINITENESS SPACES

This short note presents a new relation between coherent spaces and ﬁniteness spaces. This takes the form of a functor from Coh to Fin commuting with the additive and multiplicative structure of linear logic. What makes this correspondence possible and conceptually interesting is the use of the inﬁnite Ramsey theorem. Along the way, the question of the cardinality of the collection of ﬁniteness spaces on N is answered.
The afferent pathway of the Bezold reflex: the left vagal branches in dogs.

In experiments on cats Jarisch and Richter (1939) and Jones (1953) had difficulty in locating the afferent pathway for the Bezold reflex. Even on the right side, which was the simpler, the distribution was not easy to follow. Several difficulties were encountered in these experiments, among which was the doubt that existed in any given cat as to whether a particular dose of the veratrum alkaloids was causing a fall of blood pressure and heart rate by the Bezold reflex or by a central action. In the dog it is comparatively easy to cannulate the main branches of the left coronary artery, and hence to localize the site of action more certainly. This paper describes experiments which have identified the afferent pathway on the left side in dogs, and also describes the nature of some afferent fibres from these nerves, but probably not those responsible for the Bezold reflex.
Book Review: F. Perrini (ed.) The New Social Entrepreneurship: What Awaits Social Entrepreneurship Ventures? Cheltenham and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2006. 341 pp. ISBN: 1—84542—781—5, £62 (hbk)

Despite the fact that social entrepreneurship has now been a topic of discussion in academic, policy, and practitioner circles for 10 years or more, it was only in 2006 that collections of scholarly papers on the topic began to emerge and then six appeared in the space of six months (in addition to Perrini, see Austin et al., 2006a; Mosher-Williams, 2006; Mair et al., 2006; Nicholls, 2006b; Nyssens, 2006). This sudden outpouring of research contributed to the project of building an academic ﬁeld of social entrepreneurship in three broad areas: deﬁnitional work focused on setting the boundaries of social entrepreneurship; theory development based around conventional disciplinary approaches but with social entrepreneurship/social enterprise as the unique unit of analysis; new empirical data, especially case studies.
Factors Influencing Consumer Behavior of Smartphone Users

The aim of the study is to know about the factors influencing consumer behavior of Smartphone users. Under this study, the main focus is to identify whether Smartphone users buy Smartphone because of their need or wish, reasons to buy expensive smart phones, how social and personal factors affect them to make purchasing decision, for what purposes they use Smartphone, where and how long a day, change in usage of computers due to Smartphone and how high is the phone bill after using Smartphone. The theoretical part is framed through the books, journals and articles whereas the empirical part is concluded by conducting focus group interviews. Two focus group interviews were done with the Smartphone users under the age group of 20-30 from the Helsinki region. There were 6 voluntary participants in each focus group interview. The main limitation of this research is that only social and personal characteristics are included to check the influencing factors for Smartphone users while purchasing Smartphone. Besides the research is just analyzed just on the basis of focus group interviewees from the age group of 20-30 from Helsinki region which may not valid to larger population.