Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in safety attitude and relationship to decreased postoperative morbidity and mortality following implementation of a checklist-based surgical safety intervention

Objectives To assess the relationship between changes in clinician attitude and changes in postoperative outcomes following a checklist-based surgical safety intervention. Design Pre- and post intervention survey. Setting Eight hospitals participating in a trial of a WHO surgical safety checklist. Participants Clinicians actively working in the designated study operating rooms at the eight hospitals. Survey instrument Modified operating-room version Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). Main outcome measures Change in mean safety attitude score and correlation between change in safety attitude score and change in postoperative outcomes, plus clinician opinion of checklist efficacy and usability. Results Clinicians in the preintervention phase (n=281) had a mean SAQ score of 3.91 (on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 representing better safety attitude), while the postintervention group (n=257) had a mean of 4.01 (p=0.0127). The degree of improvement in mean SAQ score at each site correlated with a reduction in postoperative complication rate (r=0.7143, p=0.0381). The checklist was considered easy to use by 80.2% of respondents, while 19.8% felt that it took a long time to complete, and 78.6% felt that the programme prevented errors. Overall, 93.4% would want the checklist used if they were undergoing operation. Conclusions Improvements in postoperative outcomes were associated with improved perception of teamwork and safety climate among respondents, suggesting that changes in these may be partially responsible for the effect of the checklist. Clinicians held the checklist in high regard and the overwhelming majority would want it used if they were undergoing surgery themselves.
Description of the sural nerve and its relation to invasive techniques in physical therapy

ORIGINALES Tecnologías interactivas para el aprendizaje en fisioterapia: los mandos electrónicos de respuesta M. Martínez-González, A. Martínez-Carrasco ¿Se cumplen los tratamientos fisioterapéuticos infantiles? La importancia del profesional sanitario C. Estévez-Casellas, M. Esteban Moreno, M.A. Pastor Mira, R. Núñez Núñez, A. Lledó Boyer La eficacia clínica del taping neuromuscular para el dolor de espalda alta y cuello: una prueba controlada aleatorizada M. Martínez-Wong, Y.C. Recalde-Alzugaray, E.E. Hein, R.M. Pitana, L.G. Andrini, F.J. Pacheco Cambios hematológicos tras un programa de promoción de actividad física en sujetos inactivos. Ensayo aleatorizado controlado. R. Martín-Valero, A.I. Cuesta-Vargas, M.T. Labajos-Manzanares
Differential Regulation of the Mesoaccumbens Circuit by Serotonin 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A and 5-HT2CReceptors

Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors (5-HT2ARs and 5-HT2CRs), which innervate the dopamine mesoaccumbens pathway, may play an important role in the behavioral effects of cocaine. To test this hypothesis, the present study measured cocaine-evoked locomotor activity after bilateral microinjection of selective 5-HT2AR and 5-HT2CR antagonists into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) or the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell. Locomotor activity was measured after intracranial microinjection of saline (0.2 μl/side), the selective 5-HT2AR antagonistR-(+)-α-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-[2-(4-fluorophenylethyl)]-4-piperidine methanol (M100907) (0.1 or 0.3 μg · 0.2 μl−1 · side−1), or the selective 5-HT2CR antagonist 8-[5-(2,4-dimethoxy-5-(4-trifluoromethylphenylsulfon-amido)phenyl-5-oxopentyl)]-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione hydrochloride (RS 102221) (0.05–0.5 μg · 0.2 μl−1 · side−1) followed by an injection of saline (1 ml/kg, i.p.) or cocaine (10 mg/kg, i.p.). Microinjection of M100907 (0.1–0.3 μg/side) into the VTA or RS 102221 (0.15–0.5 μg/side) into the NAc shell attenuated cocaine-induced hyperactivity in a dose-related manner. However, hyperactivity evoked by cocaine was not altered by microinjection of RS 102221 into the VTA or M100907 into the NAc shell. No changes in basal activity were observed after microinjection of M100907 or RS 102221 into either brain region. These findings are the first to demonstrate that the behavioral effects of cocaine are generated in part by activation of 5-HT2ARs in the VTA and by activation of 5-HT2CRs in the NAc shell. The selective regulation of the mesoaccumbens circuit by 5-HT2ARs and 5-HT2CRs implicates these 5-HT receptors as important in the behavioral outcomes of systemic cocaine administration.
Composition and Decomposition of Extended Multi Bottom-Up Tree Transducers ?

Extended multi bottom-up tree transducers are de ned and investigated. They are an extension of multi bottom-up tree transducers by arbitrary, not just shallow, left-hand sides of rules; this includes rules that do not consume input. It is shown that such transducers can compute all transformations that are computed by linear extended top-down tree transducers (which are a theoretical model for syntax-based machine translation). Moreover, the classical composition results for bottom-up tree transducers are generalized to extended multi bottom-up tree transducers. Finally, a characterization in terms of extended top-down tree transducers is presented.
Networked clock synchronization based on second order linear consensus algorithms

In this paper a distributed algorithm for clock synchronization is proposed. This algorithm is based on an extension of the consensus algorithm able to synchronize a family of double integrators. Since the various clocks may have different drifts, the algorithm needs to be designed so that it can work also in case of heterogeneous double integrators. Through a robust control analysis it is possible to determine the maximum admissible level of heterogeneity yielding synchronization. The first part of the paper is devoted to the analysis of an unrealistic synchronous implementation of the algorithm. However, in the last part of the paper we propose a realistic pseudo-synchronous implementation which is proved to be a perturbation of the synchronous one. From arguments related the center manifold theorem, the stability of the pseudo-synchronous is finally proved.
Evidence-based practice: attitudes, knowledge and behaviour among allied health care professionals.

OBJECTIVE To explore dieticians', occupational therapists' and physical therapists' attitudes, beliefs, knowledge and behaviour concerning evidence-based practice within a university hospital setting. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING University hospital. PARTICIPANTS All dieticians, occupational therapists and physical therapists employed at a Swedish university hospital (n = 306) of whom 227 (74%) responded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Attitudes towards, perceived benefits and limitations of evidence-based practice, use and understanding of clinical practice guidelines, availability of resources to access information and skills in using these resources. RESULTS Findings showed positive attitudes towards evidence-based practice and the use of evidence to support clinical decision-making. It was seen as necessary. Literature and research findings were perceived as useful in clinical practice. The majority indicated having the necessary skills to be able to interpret and understand the evidence, and that clinical practice guidelines were available and used. Evidence-based practice was not perceived as taking into account the patient preferences. Lack of time was perceived as the major barrier to evidence-based practice. CONCLUSIONS The prerequisites for evidence-based practice were assessed as good, but ways to make evidence-based practice time efficient, easy to access and relevant to clinical practice need to be continuously supported at the management level, so that research evidence becomes linked to work-flow in a way that does not adversely affect productivity and the flow of patients.
Large energy product enhancement in perpendicularly coupled MnBi/CoFe magnetic bilayers

Author(s): Gao, TR; Fang, L; Fackler, S; Maruyama, S; Zhang, XH; Wang, LL; Rana, T; Manchanda, P; Kashyap, A; Janicka, K; Wysocki, AL; N'Diaye, AT; Arenholz, E; Borchers, JA; Kirby, BJ; Maranville, BB; Sun, KW; Kramer, MJ; Antropov, VP; Johnson, DD; Skomski, R; Cui, J; Takeuchi, I | Abstract: © 2016 American Physical Society. We demonstrate substantial enhancement in the energy product of MnBi-based magnets by forming robust ferromagnetic exchange coupling between a MnBi layer and a thin CoFe layer in a unique perpendicular coupling configuration, which provides increased resistance to magnetization reversal. The measured nominal energy product of 172kJ/m3 at room temperature is the largest value experimentally attained for permanent magnets free of expensive raw materials. Our finding shows that exchange-coupled MnBi/CoFe magnets are a viable option for pursuing rare-earth-free magnets with energy products approaching those containing rare-earth elements.
[Sexual and reproductive health in university students at an institution of higher learning in Colombia].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the state of sexual and reproductive health in students at a public university in the Colombian Caribbean, with an emphasis on sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), fertility, sexuality, pregnancy and violence. METHODS Cross-sectional survey study. University students, enrolled in the second semester of 2010 and who completed a self-administered survey based on the Reproductive Health survey of the Pan American Health Organization, were selected. Qualitative data was tabulated and graphed using measures of central tendency for quantitative variables. RESULTS The age of population studied was around 20 years old, came from the urban area (57.9 %; IC95 %=54.7-61.1), was predominantly heterosexual (89.7 %), with an age of initiation of sexual activity of less than 18 years old, 11.8 % promiscuity, mainly using the condom as a Family Planning Method (FPM) (55 %). Although they had prior information on sexual health, STDs and FPMs, they did not behave according to this due to low education about HIV transmission routes, low incidence of serological tests for STDs, and high risk behavior (sex/alcohol/drugs). It was observed that 12.3 % had a history of pregnancy, physical violence (21.6 %) and sexual violence (4.6 %) with a predominant silence from the victims of sexual abuse (61.8 %). CONCLUSION The sample reflects the student population in this region of Colombia. We plan to organize a health program with medical and psychological support to reduce the rates of STDs and unplanned pregnancies, preparing the adolescent for this important step in their life and serving as a model for other Latin American universities.
The causes, significance and consequences of inflammatory fibrosis in kidney transplantation: The Banff i‐IFTA lesion

Inflammation within areas of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (i‐IFTA) is associated with adverse outcomes in kidney transplantation. We evaluated i‐IFTA in 429 indication‐ and 2052 protocol‐driven biopsy samples from a longitudinal cohort of 362 kidney–pancreas recipients to determine its prevalence, time course, and relationships with T cell–mediated rejection (TCMR), immunosuppression, and outcome. Sequential histology demonstrated that i‐IFTA was preceded by cellular interstitial inflammation and followed by IF/TA. The prevalence and intensity of i‐IFTA increased with developing chronic fibrosis and correlated with inflammation, tubulitis, and immunosuppression era (P < .001). Tacrolimus era–based immunosuppression was associated with reduced histologic inflammation in unscarred and scarred i‐IFTA compartments, ameliorated progression of IF, and increased conversion to inactive IF/TA (compared with cyclosporine era, P < .001). Prior acute (including borderline) TCMR and subclinical TCMR were followed by greater 1‐year i‐IFTA, remaining predictive by multivariate analysis and independent of humoral markers. One‐year i‐IFTA was associated with accelerated IF/TA, arterial fibrointimal hyperplasia, and chronic glomerulopathy and with reduced renal function (P < .001 versus no i‐IFTA). In summary, i‐IFTA is the histologic consequence of active T cell–mediated alloimmunity, representing the interface between inflammation and tubular injury with fibrotic healing. Uncontrolled i‐IFTA is associated with adverse structural and functional outcomes.
Towards a taxonomy of software connectors

Software systems of today are frequently composed of prefabricated, heterogeneous components that provide complex functionality and engage in complex interactions. Existing research on component based development has mostly focused on component structure, interfaces, and functionality. Recently, software architecture has emerged as an area that also places significant importance on component interactions, embodied in the notion of software connectors. However, the current level of understanding and support for connectors has been insufficient. This has resulted in their inconsistent treatment and a notable lack of understanding of what the fundamental building blocks of software interaction are and how they can be composed into more complex interactions. The paper attempts to address this problem. It presents a comprehensive classification framework and taxonomy of software connectors. The taxonomy is obtained through an extensive analysis of existing component interactions. The taxonomy is used both to understand existing software connectors and to suggest new, unprecedented connectors. We demonstrate the use of the taxonomy on the architecture of a large, existing system.
The effectiveness of a hydrogel dressing compared with standard management of pressure ulcers.

OBJECTIVE To compare a hydrogel dressing with a conservative topical wound-care regimen (gauze with povidone-iodine) for the treatment of pressure ulcers. METHOD A prospective study comprising 27 (24 male and three female) spinal-cord injury patients with a total of 49 pressure ulcers. Wounds were randomised into a treatment group (n=25) or control group (n=24). The primary outcome measure was the rate of wound healing (cm2/days). RESULTS Healing rates in the treatment group were higher than in the control group, although this was not statistically significant. Some 84% of the wounds in the treatment group and 54% in the control group epithelialised, which was statistically significant (p=0.04). The mean healing time in the treatment group was 48 days compared with 45 days for the controls. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that hydrogel occlusive wound dressings facilitate healing by promoting more rapid epithelialisation of pressure ulcers, when compared with conservative wound care.
The pentapeptide motif of Hox proteins is required for cooperative DNA binding with Pbx1, physically contacts Pbx1, and enhances DNA binding by Pbx1

The vertebrate Hox genes, which represent a subset of all homeobox genes, encode proteins that regulate anterior-posterior positional identity during embryogenesis and are cognates of the Drosophila homeodomain proteins encoded by genes composing the homeotic complex (HOM-C). Recently, we demonstrated that multiple Hox proteins bind DNA cooperatively with both Pbx1 and its oncogenic derivative, E2A-Pbx1. Here, we show that the highly conserved pentapeptide motif F/Y-P-W-M-R/K, which occurs in numerous Hox proteins and is positioned 8 to 50 amino acids N terminal to the homeodomain, is essential for cooperative DNA binding with Pbx1 and E2A-Pbx1. Point mutational analysis demonstrated that the tryptophan and methionine residues within the core of this motif were critical for cooperative DNA binding. A peptide containing the wild-type pentapeptide sequence, but not one in which phenylalanine was substituted for tryptophan, blocked the ability of Hox proteins to bind cooperatively with Pbx1 or E2A-Pbx1, suggesting that the pentapeptide itself provides at least one surface through which Hox proteins bind Pbx1. Furthermore, the same peptide, but not the mutant peptide, stimulated DNA binding by Pbx1, suggesting that interaction of Hox proteins with Pbx1 through the pentapeptide motif raises the DNA-binding ability of Pbx1.
Throughput Analysis of Cooperative Mobile Content Distribution in Vehicular Network using Symbol Level Network Coding

This paper presents a theoretical study of the throughput of mobile content distribution (MCD) in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Since VANET is well-known for its fast-changing topology and adverse wireless channel environments, various protocols have been proposed in the literature to enhance the performance of MCD in a vehicular environment, using packet-level network coding (PLNC) and symbol-level network coding (SLNC). However, there still lacks a fundamental understanding of the limits of MCD protocols using network coding in VANETs. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model to compute the achievable throughput of cooperative MCD in VANETs using SLNC. By considering a one-dimensional road topology with an access point (AP) as the content source, the expected achievable throughput for a vehicle at a certain distance from the AP is derived, for both using PLNC and SLNC. Our proposed model is unique since it captures the effects of multiple practical factors, including vehicle distribution and mobility pattern, channel fading and packet collisions. Through numerical results, we provide insights on optimized design choices for network coding-based cooperative MCD systems in VANETs.
The Role of the IGF System in Cancer: From Basic to Clinical Studies and Clinical Applications

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are important mediators of growth, development, and survival, are synthesized by almost any tissue in the body, and their action is modulated by a complex network of molecules, including binding proteins, proteases and receptors, which all comprise the IGF system. Evidence from in vitro and animal studies suggests that overexpression of IGFs by cancer cells and/or the nearby stroma as well as the type IGF-I receptor by the cancer cells may play a significant role in establishing a transformed phenotype in an increasing number of malignancies. More specifically, IGFs may promote cell cycle progression and inhibition of apoptosis either by directly associating with other growth factors or indirectly by interacting with other molecular systems which have an established role in carcinogenesis and cancer promotion, such as the steroid hormones and integrins. In addition, a growing number of epidemiologic studies suggest that increased serum levels of IGFs and/or altered levels of their binding proteins are associated with increased risk for developing several malignancies. These data indicate that IGF dysregulation should now be considered as an important independent factor for cancer risk, and a potential target for novel antineoplastic therapies and/or preventative strategies in high-risk groups.
OLE - A New Ontology Learning Platform

Ontologies are commonly considered as one of the essential parts of the Semantic Web, providing a theoretical basis and implementation framework for conceptual integration and information sharing among various domains. In this paper, the main principles and current highlights of the OLE project development are presented and discussed. OLE stands for Ontology LEarning. The purpose of the project is to develop a system for bottom-up automatic generation and merging of domain specific ontologies, representing particular domains of human scientific knowledge. In order to gain ontology concepts from textual resources, various methods can be used. Presently, the method of automatic acquisition of semantic relations is examined. The method and its implementation details are described here, provided with brief comparative overview of other methods used for the development of domain specific ontologies. When merging automatically created ontologies, a need of uncertain information representation arises. The main ideas of representing uncertainty in ontologies and related remarks for future work on the OLE project are mentioned in this paper as well.
Effects Of Impurities And Growth Rate On Ice Crystal Morphology: The Mechanistic Link

The attenuation of visible and infrared radiation by atmospheric ice particles is influenced by the wavelength of the radiation, the particle size, the detailed particle shape, and its orientation with respect to the incident beam. Our studies have revealed the importance of soluble ionic salts and growth rate on the detailed shapes of ice crystals. The mechanisms of crystal growth from the vapor are intimately linked to crystal morphology. Thus, from the study of morphological details of ice crystals, the crystal growth mechanisms are deduced.
A Tale of Two Paradigms or Metatheoretical Approaches to Cognitive Neuropsychology: Did Schmolck, Stefanacci, and Squire (2000) Show That Hippocampal Lesions Only Impair Memory, whereas Adjacent (Extrahippocampal) Lesions Impair Detection and Explanation of Sentence Ambiguity?

This note discusses two fundamentally different paradigms or metatheoretical approaches that currently guide cognitive neuropsychology: the Theoretical- vs. Anatomical-paradigms. To illustrate these paradigms, we compare a Theoretical-paradigm paper (MacKay & James, 2001) with an Anatomical-paradigm paper (Schmolck, Stefanacci, & Squire, 2000): These papers report virtually identical experiments on relations between language, memory, and hippocampal systems, using the same task (the detection and explanation of ambiguities in sentences that participants know are ambiguous), virtually identical ambiguous sentences, and at least one identical participant (the amnesic HM). However, MacKay and James made strikingly different claims from Schmolck et al., and we show that the Schmolck et al. claims comport not with their data but with an unstated theory to which they are implicitly committed within the Anatomical-paradigm.
EXHALED NITRIC OXIDE IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF ASTHMA Measurement of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide by a New Portable Device: Comparison with the Standard Technique

Background. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement is a reliable, noninvasive marker of airway inflammation. The use of portable FeNO analyzers may enable the assessment of airway inflammation in primary care. Objective. The authors compared FeNO values obtained by a new portable device (NObreath, Bedfont, UK) to those of the standard stationary analyzer (NIOX, Aerocrine, Sweden) in a large cohort of asthmatic patients. Methods. One hundred and fifty-four (age range: 14–83 years, forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] range: 48–134% predicted, asthma control test [ACT] range: 7–25) out of 168 recruited patients completed the study. Each patient performed at least two valid FeNO measurements at a constant flow rate of 50 ml/s on each of the two analyzers. Results. A significant relationship between the FeNO values obtained by the two devices (r = .95, p < .001) was found. Altman-Bland plot confirmed this agreement. Within-patient repeatability was excellent in both devices. Intraclass correlation coefficients for NIOX and NObreath values were.925 and.967, respectively. By means of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the FeNO cutoff points that better identified patients with ACT ≥ 20 were 15 ppb (0.84 sensitivity and 0.42 specificity) by NIOX and 25 ppb (0.53 sensitivity and 0.69 specificity) by NObreath. Easiness to use of both devices, assessed by visual analogue scale was not different. Conclusion. FeNO measurements obtained by the new portable FeNO analyzer are reliable because they are directly comparable with those obtained by the stationary standard device. The use of portable instruments may facilitate the FeNO measurement in primary care.