Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
E2MaC: an energy efficient MAC protocol for multimedia traffic

Energy efficiency is an important issue for mobile computers since they must rely on their batteries. We present a novel MAC protocol that achieves a good energy efficiency of wireless interface of the mobile and provides support for diverse traffic types and QoS. The scheduler of the base station is responsible to provide the required QoS to connections on the wireless link and to minimise the amount of energy spend by the mobile. The main principles of the E2MaC protocol are to avoid unsuccessful actions, minimise the number of transitions, and synchronise the mobile and the base-station. We will show that considerable amounts of energy can be saved using these principles. In the protocol the actions of the mobile are minimised. The base-station with plenty of energy performs actions in courtesy of the mobile. We have paid much attention in reducing the cost of a mobile for just being connected. The protocol is able to provide near-optimal energy efficiency (i.e. energy is only spent for the actual transfer) for a mobile within the constraints of the QoS of all connections in a cell, and only requires a small overhead.
Loss of Dopamine Transporters in Methamphetamine Abusers Recovers with Protracted Abstinence

Methamphetamine is a popular drug of abuse that is neurotoxic to dopamine (DA) terminals when administered to laboratory animals. Studies in methamphetamine abusers have also documented significant loss of DA transporters (used as markers of the DA terminal) that are associated with slower motor function and decreased memory. The extent to which the loss of DA transporters predisposes methamphetamine abusers to neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinsonism is unclear and may depend in part on the degree of recovery. Here we assessed the effects of protracted abstinence on the loss of DA transporters in striatum, in methamphetamine abusers using positron emission tomography and [11C]d-threo-methylphenidate (DA transporter radioligand). Brain DA transporters in five methamphetamine abusers evaluated during short abstinence (<6 months) and then retested during protracted abstinence (12–17 months) showed significant increases with protracted abstinence (caudate, +19%; putamen, +16%). Although performance in some of the tests for which we observed an association with DA transporters showed some improvement, this effect was not significant. The DA transporter increases with abstinence could indicate that methamphetamine-induced DA transporter loss reflects temporary adaptive changes (i.e., downregulation), that the loss reflects DA terminal damage but that terminals can recover, or that remaining viable terminals increase synaptic arborization. Because neuropsychological tests did not improve to the same extent, this suggests that the increase of the DA transporters was not sufficient for complete function recovery. These findings have treatment implications because they suggest that protracted abstinence may reverse some of methamphetamine-induced alterations in brain DA terminals.
Repeated social defeat stress enhances glutamatergic synaptic plasticity in the VTA and cocaine place conditioning

Enduring memories of sensory cues associated with drug intake drive addiction. It is well known that stressful experiences increase addiction vulnerability. However, it is not clear how repeated stress promotes learning of cue-drug associations, as repeated stress generally impairs learning and memory processes unrelated to stressful experiences. Here, we show that repeated social defeat stress in rats causes persistent enhancement of long-term potentiation (LTP) of NMDA receptor-mediated glutamatergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Protein kinase A-dependent increase in the potency of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate-induced Ca2+ signaling underlies LTP facilitation. Notably, defeated rats display enhanced learning of contextual cues paired with cocaine experience assessed using a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Enhancement of LTP in the VTA and cocaine CPP in behaving rats both require glucocorticoid receptor activation during defeat episodes. These findings suggest that enhanced glutamatergic plasticity in the VTA may contribute, at least partially, to increased addiction vulnerability following repeated stressful experiences. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.15448. 001
PENGARUH DISIPLIN BELAJAR DAN LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR EKONOMI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh disiplin belajar dan lingkungan keluarga terhadap hasil belajar ekonomi baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Populasinya adalah siswa kelas VIII SMPN 1 Jatinegara Kab. Tegal Tahun Pelajaran 2006/2007 yang berjumlah 211 siswa. Sampel berjumlah 138 siswa didapat dari rumus Slovin dengan taraf kesalahan 5%. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik proportional simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara disiplin belajar dan lingkungan keluarga baik secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap hasil belajar ekonomi. Besarnya pengaruh disiplin belajar dan lingkungan keluarga secara simultan adalah sebesar 14,8%, selebihnya sebesar 85,8% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak dikaji dalam penelitian ini. Kata Kunci: Disiplin Belajar, Lingkungan Keluarga, Hasil Belajar
Advances in Brief Protection from Chemotherapy-induced Alopecia by 1 , 25-Dihydroxy vitamin D 3

We have previously reported that several biological agents, when given simultaneously with cytosine arabinoside or cytoxan, will protect from cytosine arabinoside-induced but not from cytoxan-induced alope cia. In the present study we used the secosteroid 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in a different timing schedule to protect from chemotherapy-induced alopecia. In three separate experiments, 0.2 Â¿tgof topical 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D( protected rats from alopecia induced by etoposide, cytoxan, and an Adriamycin-cytoxan combination. In another experi ment, 0.1 MSprotected rats from etoposide-induced alopecia at the site of application. 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin I), may offer a new and exciting approach to the prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia.
Phage treatment of human infections

Phages as bactericidal agents have been employed for 90 years as a means of treating bacterial infections in humans as well as other species, a process known as phage therapy. In this review we explore both the early historical and more modern use of phages to treat human infections. We discuss in particular the little-reviewed French early work, along with the Polish, US, Georgian and Russian historical experiences. We also cover other, more modern examples of phage therapy of humans as differentiated in terms of disease. In addition, we provide discussions of phage safety, other aspects of phage therapy pharmacology, and the idea of phage use as probiotics.
Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions in Purkinje neurons of children

Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions have been rarely described in Purkinje neurons of children with a variety of neurological conditions. Here we document these inclusions in five children from 3 to 14 years of age. One child had 7q deletion syndrome and a second had profound motor and cognitive delay (“cerebral palsy”) of unknown origin, while three others were neurologically normal prior to death. These inclusions stain with the PAS method, are not strongly ubiquitinated, and are located in the lumen of endoplasmic reticulum. Their appearance in a wide range of disorders and in neurologically normal children suggests that they are a nonspecific protein trafficking anomaly, possibly aggravated under degenerative conditions.
Iron deficiency enhances bioactive phenolics in lemon juice.

BACKGROUND This study was designed to describe the phenolic status of lemon juice obtained from fruits of lemon trees differing in iron (Fe) nutritional status. Three types of Fe(III) compound were used in the experiment, namely a synthetic chelate and two complexes derived from natural polymers of humic and lignine nature. RESULTS All three Fe(III) compounds were able to improve the Fe nutritional status of lemon trees, though to different degrees. This Fe(III) compound effect led to changes in the polyphenol content of lemon juice. Total phenolics were decreased (∼33% average decrease) and, in particular, flavanones, flavones and flavonols were affected similarly. CONCLUSION Iron-deficient trees showed higher phenolic contents than Fe(III) compound-treated trees, though Fe deficiency had negative effects on the yield and visual quality of fruits. However, from a human nutritional point of view and owing to the health-beneficial properties of their bioavailable phenolic compounds, the nutritional quality of fruits of Fe-deficient lemon trees in terms of phenolics was higher than that of fruits of Fe(III) compound-treated lemon trees. Moreover, diosmetin-6,8-di-C-glucoside in lemon juice can be used as a marker for correction of Fe deficiency in lemon trees.
Effects of Unleaded Petroleum on the Macrophage Aggregates (MA) formation in Red King tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) Fingerlings

The Philippines is one of the major producers of tilapia, the most cultured fish and widely consumed in the world. Although fishes in general is said to be adapted to various stressful conditions, the effect on several cellular immune parameters may be of interest to determine the capacity of the organism to withstand stressors. In this paper, the effect of unleaded petroleum on the splenic macrophage aggregate (MA) formation was studied. This was done to have an overview of the immune response of Tilapia or fishes in general when an oil spill, which almost occur annually at different parts of the world, happen. Histological analysis assessed the area occupied by splenic MA 24 hours after introduction of unleaded petroleum to the aquatic system. To determine whether Mabuhay balls, a technology that claims to be beneficial in terms of improving water quality, was added to one tank (T1) to be able to compare it with another tank (T2). There is a strong statistically significant difference between the groups at day1 (p=0.000) opposite the result of day 6 (p=0.155). Thus, unleaded petroleum increased MA formation, a sign that may indicate a high immune activity as an initial positive response to stress. Mabuhay ball have lessen the mortality but has no effect on splenic MA formation.
Regional brain volume abnormalities and long-term cognitive outcome in preterm infants.

CONTEXT Preterm infants have a high prevalence of long-term cognitive and behavioral disturbances. However, it is not known whether the stresses associated with premature birth disrupt regionally specific brain maturation or whether abnormalities in brain structure contribute to cognitive deficits. OBJECTIVE To determine whether regional brain volumes differ between term and preterm children and to examine the association of regional brain volumes in prematurely born children with long-term cognitive outcomes. DESIGN AND SETTING Case-control study conducted in 1998 and 1999 at 2 US university medical schools. PARTICIPANTS A consecutive sample of 25 eight-year-old preterm children recruited from a longitudinal follow-up study of preterm infants and 39 term control children who were recruited from the community and who were comparable with the preterm children in age, sex, maternal education, and minority status. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Volumes of cortical subdivisions, ventricular system, cerebellum, basal ganglia, corpus callosum, amygdala, and hippocampus, derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging scans and compared between preterm and term children; correlations of regional brain volumes with cognitive measures (at age 8 years) and perinatal variables among preterm children. RESULTS Regional cortical volumes were significantly smaller in the preterm children, most prominently in sensorimotor regions (difference: left, 14.6%; right, 14.3% [P<.001 for both]) but also in premotor (left, 11.2%; right, 12.6% [P<.001 for both]), midtemporal (left, 7.4% [P =.01]; right, 10.2% [P<.001]), parieto-occipital (left, 7.9% [P =.01]; right, 7.4% [P =.005]), and subgenual (left, 8.9% [P =.03]; right, 11.7% [P =.01]) cortices. Preterm children's brain volumes were significantly larger (by 105. 7%-271.6%) in the occipital and temporal horns of the ventricles (P<. 001 for all) and smaller in the cerebellum (6.7%; P =.02), basal ganglia (11.4%-13.8%; P</=.005), amygdala (left, 20.2% [P =.001]; right, 30.0% [P<.001]), hippocampus (left, 16.0% [P =.001]; right, 12.0% [P =.007]), and corpus callosum (13.1%-35.2%; P</=.01 for all). Volumes of sensorimotor and midtemporal cortices were associated positively with full-scale, verbal, and performance IQ scores (P<.01 for all). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that preterm birth is associated with regionally specific, long-term reductions in brain volume and that morphological abnormalities are, in turn, associated with poorer cognitive outcome. JAMA. 2000;284:1939-1947.
Elevated serum S100B levels indicate a higher risk of hemorrhagic transformation after thrombolytic therapy in acute stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intracerebral hemorrhage constitutes an often fatal sequela of thrombolytic therapy in patients with ischemic stroke. Early blood-brain barrier disruption may play an important role, and the astroglial protein S100B is known to indicate blood-brain barrier dysfunction. We investigated whether elevated pretreatment serum S100B levels predict hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in thrombolyzed patients with stroke. METHODS We retrospectively included 275 patients with ischemic stroke (mean age of 69+/-13 years; 46% female) who had received thrombolytic therapy within 6 hours of symptom onset. S100B levels were determined from pretreatment blood samples. Follow-up brain scans were obtained 24 hours after admission, and HT was classified as either hemorrhagic infarction (1, 2) or parenchymal hemorrhage (1, 2). RESULTS HT occurred in 80 patients (29%; 45 hemorrhagic infarction, 35 parenchymal hemorrhage). Median S100B values were significantly higher in patients with HT (0.14 versus 0.11 mug/L; P=0.017). An S100B value in the highest quintile corresponded to an OR for any HT of 2.87 (95% CI: 1.55 to 5.32; P=0.001) in univariate analysis and of 2.80 (1.40 to 5.62; P=0.004) after adjustment for age, sex, symptom severity, timespan from symptom onset to hospital admission, vascular risk factors, and storage time of serum probes. A pretreatment S100B value above 0.23 mug/L had only a moderate sensitivity (0.46) and specificity (0.82) for predicting severe parenchymal bleeding (parenchymal hemorrhage 2). CONCLUSIONS Elevated S100B serum levels before thrombolytic therapy constitute an independent risk factor for HT in patients with acute stroke. Unfortunately, the diagnostic accuracy of S100B is too low for it to function in this context as a reliable biomarker in clinical practice.
Probability-based text clustering algorithm by alternately repeating two operations

Owing to the rapid advance of internet technology, users have to face to a large amount of raw data from the World Wide Web every day, most of which is displayed in text format. This situation brings a great demand for efficient text analysis techniques by internet users. Since clustering is unsupervised and requires no prior knowledge, it is extensively adopted to help analyse textual data. Unfortunately, as far as I know, almost all the clustering algorithms proposed so far fail to deal with large-scale text collection. For precisely classifying large-scale text collection, a novel probability based text clustering algorithm by alternately repeating two operations (abbreviated as PTCART) is proposed in this paper. This algorithm just repeats two operations of (a) feature set construction and (b) text partition until the optimal partition is reached. Its convergent capacity is also validated. Experiments results demonstrate that, compared with several popular text clustering algorithms, PTCART has excellent performance.
Commentaries on Viewpoint: Inappropriate interpretation of surface EMG signals and muscle fiber characteristics impedes understanding of the control of neuromuscular function.

to the editor: Enoka and Duchateau ([2][1]) correctly call for caution when interpreting voluntary surface electromyography (sEMG) in terms of neural drive. If voluntary sEMG signals recorded during nonfatiguing isometric contractions depend on the number of motor units recruited, their firing rate
The COMMIT Protocol for Truthful and Cost-Efficient Routing in Ad Hoc Networks with Selfish Nodes

We consider the problem of establishing a route and sending packets between a source/destination pair in ad hoc networks composed of rational selfish nodes whose purpose is to maximize their own utility. In order to motivate nodes to follow the protocol specification, we use side payments that are made to the forwarding nodes. Our goal is to design a fully distributed algorithm such that (1) a node is always better off participating in the protocol execution (individual rationality), (2) a node is always better off behaving according to the protocol specification (truthfulness), (3) messages are routed along the most energy-efficient (least cost) path, and (4) the message complexity is reasonably low. We introduce the COMMIT protocol for individually rational, truthful, and energy-efficient routing in ad hoc networks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first ad hoc routing protocol with these features. COMMIT is based on the VCG payment scheme in conjunction with a novel game-theoretic technique to achieve truthfulness for the sender node. By means of simulation, we show that the inevitable economic inefficiency is small. As an aside, our work demonstrates the advantage of using a cross-layer approach to solving problems: Leveraging the existence of an underlying topology control protocol, we are able to simplify the design and analysis of our routing protocol and reduce its message complexity. On the other hand, our investigation of the routing problem in the presence of selfish nodes disclosed a new metric under which topology control protocols can be evaluated: the cost of cooperation.
A Survey of Facial Modeling and Animation Techniques

Realistic facial animation is achieved through geometric and image manipulations. Geometric deformations usually account for the shape and deformations unique to the physiology and expressions of a person. Image manipulations model the reflectance properties of the facial skin and hair to achieve smallscale detail that is difficult to model by geometric manipulation alone. Modeling and animation methods often exhibit elements of each realm. This paper summarizes the theoretical approaches used in published work and describes their strengths, weaknesses, and relative performance. Taxonomy groups the methods into classes that highlight their similarities and differences.
The cultural dimensions of music teachers’ professional knowledge

This chapter explores how a group of student music teachers in Sweden were exposed to a familiar activity - music education, with an unfamiliar agenda - a different cultural and educational context. During a music pedagogy class, the students watched a 25-minute video of music lesson that took place in a Canadian grade one class with 6-7 year old children. The aspects of the lesson that the student teachers found compelling, included how the teacher structured and carried out the lesson, the student and teacher relationship and the teacher’s choice of lesson content. These aspects of music teachers’ professional knowledge, identified by the student music teachers lead us to consider how a teacher’s social and cultural contexts influence his/her perceptions of what will be counted as logical and satisfactory professional ways of carrying out a music class.
Fathers on call : a study on the sharing of care work among parents in Sweden. A mixed methods approach

By combining quantitative analyses of survey data with qualitative analyses of interviewswith first-time parents, this study gives new insights into parents’ division of parental leavein Sweden and the links between fathers’ leave length and the division of child care whenboth are back at work again. Quantitative results show that mothers’ and fathers’ parentalleave lengths vary substantially with the reasons for division of leave and that fathers’parental leave length is related to the long-term division of child care as well as to mothers’satisfaction with it. Qualitative results suggest that although gender equality and equalparenting is central to the first-time, middle-class parents that were interviewed, moretraditional norms and ideals about the mother as the primary caretaker may stand in the wayof an equal sharing of the leave during the child’s first year. The study also suggests severalmechanisms through which fathers’ parental leave may causally influence later division ofchildcare, including a development of a closer relationship between the father and the childand a greater understanding between the parents.
Ontology Based Coordination in RFID Network

Coordination mechanisms using semantic Web rule languages are being studied. But we haven't found any job is specific for the coordination of RFID network. This paper intends to explain the theory and processes of this coordination mechanism used in RFID network with multi-agent system (MAS) framework. It firstly defines an ontology prototype in RFID field; and then gives the basic principle of the mechanism which is used to deal with the collaboration and conflict among agents. This ontological method for coordination in RFID network is proved to be feasible, effective and promising. Our job is a preliminary groundwork for the implementation of ontology based RFID coordination mechanism.
Throughput and Delay Scaling of Cognitive Radio Networks with Heterogeneous Mobile Users

We study the throughput and delay scaling laws of cognitive radio networks (CRN) with mobile primary and secondary users. They operate at the same time, space and share the spectrum. The primary users (PUs) have higher priority to access the spectrum while the secondary users (SUs) should access opportunistically. Furthermore, we consider a unique situation where both PUs and SUs move according to a General Heterogeneous Speed-restricted Mobility (GHSM) model. In this model, we define (h + 1) heterogeneous moving patterns using a universal set T ={T<sub>i</sub>|0 ≥ i ≤ h, A<sub>i</sub> = n<sup>-i</sup> χ<sub>0</sub>/h}, where A<sub>i</sub> determines the moving area of each pattern. The set of primary (secondary) moving patterns T<sup>(p)</sup> (T<sup>(s)</sup>) is a randomly and independently selected subset of T. We assign n (n<sup>β</sup>, where β > 1) primary (secondary) nodes to each moving pattern, and their initial positions are subject to a poisson point process. In addition, we have |T<sup>(p)</sup>|~|T<sup>(s)</sup>| = Θ<sup>1</sup>(h) = Θ(log n). By proposing a cooperative routing strategy, we fully utilize the mobility heterogeneity of primary and secondary users and achieve near-optimal throughput and delay performance of order Θ(poly log n) when χ<sub>0</sub> ≥ β. In other cases, our transmission scheme shows advantages over [1] in delay performance of the primary network (PN) and over [2] in capacity of the secondary network (SN).