Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resource Conservation in a Mobile Transaction System

This paper addresses the problem of providing transactional support for improved data consistency in mobile file access, while paying careful attention to the resource constraints of mobile clients. We present data on resource consumption from an implementation of the isolation-only transaction (IOT) mechanism of the Coda File System. The data shows that the resource conservation techniques used by the IOT mechanism do indeed result in modest demands on the three critical resources on a mobile client: CPU and I/O usage, disk space, and RVM space. Overall, our measurements confirm that even a severely resource-constrained mobile client can benefit from the improved consistency offered by the IOT mechanism.
Modeling abstract types in modules with open existential types

We propose F-zip, a calculus of open existential types that is an extension of System F obtained by decomposing the introduction and elimination of existential types into more atomic constructs. Open existential types model modular type abstraction as done in module systems. The static semantics of F-zip adapts standard techniques to deal with linearity of typing contexts, its dynamic semantics is a small-step reduction semantics that performs extrusion of type abstraction as needed during reduction, and the two are related by subject reduction and progress lemmas. Applying the Curry-Howard isomorphism, F-zip can be also read back as a logic with the same expressive power as second-order logic but with more modular ways of assembling partial proofs. We also extend the core calculus to handle the double vision problem as well as type-level and term-level recursion. The resulting language turns out to be a new formalization of (a minor variant of) Dreyer's internal language for recursive and mixin modules.
Estimation of the Electric Field Generated by Power Lines With the Adaptive Integral Method

The electric field generated by power lines is usually evaluated by a simple 2-D model. Due to the presence of buildings or other objects near the power line, measurements are often in disagreement with the model. In this letter, the adaptive integral method (AIM) is used to analyze a power line in a real environment. The presence of a conducting ground plane, as well as a planar dielectric interface, is also efficiently built into the algorithm.
Design of distributed channel optimized multiple description vector quantizer

In this paper, a distributed channel optimized multiple description vector quantization (DCMDVQ) scheme is presented. A minimum mean square error decoder, utilizing side information, is proposed for effective reconstruction of multiple descriptions transmitted over noisy channels with packet loss. The DCMDVQ is designed using a deterministic annealing approach. Simulation results indicate a noticeable gain in comparison to classic MDVQ or channel optimized MDVQ, while being only 2 dB away from the rate-distortion bound for multiple descriptions with side information.
COSTS AND BENEFITS OF MOSQUITO REFRACTORINESS TO MALARIA PARASITES: IMPLICATIONS FOR GENETIC VARIABILITY OF MOSQUITOES AND GENETIC CONTROL OF MALARIA

The problem of fitness costs associated with host resistance to parasitism is related to the evolution of parasite virulence, population genetic diversity and the dynamics of host‐parasite relationships, and proposed strategies for disease control through the genetic manipulation of mosquito vectors. Two Aedes aegypti populations, refractory and susceptible to Plasmodium gallinaceum, were previously selected from the Moyo‐In‐Dry strain (MOYO) through inbreeding (F = 0.5). Reproductive success and survivorship of the two populations were compared, and the influence of the parasite on mosquito fitness also was evaluated. Fitness components studied include fecundity, adult survivorship and egg‐to‐adult developmental time, blood‐meal size, and adult body size. The refractory population has a significantly shorter egg‐to‐adult developmental time and a smaller body size, takes a smaller blood meal, and subsequently lays fewer eggs than the susceptible population. The mean longevity of the refractory population is significantly shorter than the susceptible population. Exposure to the parasite exhibited little effect on the survivorship and fecundity of either population. Several factors may contribute to the lower fitness of the refractory population, including founder effect, inbreeding depression, the effect of other uncharacterized genes linked to genes conferring refractoriness, and pleiotropic effects associated with these genes. The results are discussed in relation to the genetic diversity of natural mosquito populations and their implications for the genetic control of malaria.
One-pass algorithms for large and shifting data sets

For many problem domains, practitioners are faced with the problem of ever-increasing amounts of data. Examples include the UniProt database of proteins which now contains ~6 million sequences, and the KDD ’99 data which consists of ~5 million points. At these scales, the state-of-the-art machine learning techniques are not applicable since the multiple passes they require through the data are prohibitively expensive, and a need for different approaches arises. Another issue arising in real-world tasks, which is only recently becoming a topic of interest in the machine learning community, is distribution shift, which occurs naturally in many problem domains such as intrusion detection and EEG signal mapping in the Brain-Computer Interface domain. This means that the i.i. d. assumption between the training and test data does not hold, causing classifiers to perform poorly on the unseen test set. We first present a novel, hierarchical, one-pass clustering technique that is capable of handling very large data. Our experiments show that the quality of the clusters generated by our method does not degrade, while making vast computational savings compared to algorithms that require multiple passes through the data. We then propose Voted Spheres, a novel, non-linear, one-pass, multi-class classification technique capable of handling millions of points in minutes. Our empirical study shows that it achieves state-of-the-art performance on real world data sets, in a fraction of the time required by other methods. We then adapt the VS to deal with covariate shift between the training and test phases using two different techniques: an importance weighting scheme and kernel mean matching. Our results on a toy problem and the real-world KDD ’99 data show an increase in performance to our VS framework. Our final contribution involves applying the one-pass VS algorithm, along with the adapted counterpart (for covariate shift), to the Brain-Computer Interface domain, in which linear batch algorithms are generally used. Our VS-based methods outperform the SVM, and perform very competitively with the submissions of a recent BCI competition, which further shows the robustness of our proposed techniques to different problem domains.
MDM2 Suppresses p73 Function without Promoting p73 Degradation

ABSTRACT The newly identified p53 homolog p73 can mimic the transcriptional activation function of p53. We investigated whether p73, like p53, participates in an autoregulatory feedback loop with MDM2. p73 bound to MDM2 both in vivo and in vitro. Wild-type but not mutant MDM2, expressed in human p53 null osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells, inhibited p73- and p53-dependent transcription driven by the MDM2 promoter-derived p53RE motif as measured in transient-transfection and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays and also inhibited p73-induced apoptosis in p53-null human lung adenocarcinoma H1299 cells. MDM2 did not promote the degradation of p73 but instead disrupted the interaction of p73, but not of p53, with p300/CBP by competing with p73 for binding to the p300/CBP N terminus. Both p73α and p73β stimulated the expression of the endogenous MDM2 protein. Hence, MDM2 is transcriptionally activated by p73 and, in turn, negatively regulates the function of this activator through a mechanism distinct from that used for p53 inactivation.
A 9.6 Gb/s 0.96 mW/Gb/s Forwarded Clock Receiver With High Jitter Tolerance Using Mixing Cell Integrated Injection-Locked Oscillator

This paper presents a forwarded-clock receiver using a mixing cell integrated injection-locked oscillator (MIILO) and an I/Q generator based on injection-locked oscillator (IQGILO). By using MIILO, jitter tolerance is enhanced by about 1.8 times at high frequency compared to using a conventional injection-locked oscillator. In addition, the proposed receiver is robust against power supply induced jitter (PSIJ) caused by a clock distribution network because jitter tracking bandwidth of IQGILO is always lower than peak frequency of PSIJ regardless of latency mismatch between data and clock. The test chip achieves 9.6 Gb/s data rate with 0.96 mW/Gb/s and occupies only 0.0162 mm2 in a 1 V 65 nm CMOS.
Multiple infections in cases of cervical cancer from a high‐incidence area in tropical Africa

The presence of several infections was determined in tissue and serum samples from 34 cases and 23 controls seen in 1984–85 at Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. When assessing single infections, association with cervical cancer could be shown for 5 agents, namely by Southern blot assay for human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 (HPV), and by serological tests at varying levels of antibody titres, for herpes simplex virus type 1 and/or 2 (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein‐Barr virus, viral capsid antigen (EBV‐VCA), and Chlamydia trachomatis (CLT). Due to interaction, HSV and CMV were associated with cervical cancer only when infection by both of these agents was demonstrable. In the assessment of the simultaneous presence of these 5 infections, moderately high antibody titres were taken as the cut‐off point for infection by HSV, CMV, EBV‐VCA, and CLT. This showed that 3 and 4 infections at a time were seen in the majority of the cases in contrast to the controls with essentially no more than 2 such infections. A linear trend in the rise of risk for cervical cancer was noted with increasing number of infections.
Can pre-endoscopic assessment predict active upper gastrointestinal bleeding? A retrospective study in patients with symptoms of upper gastrointestinal bleeding outside regular working hours.

BACKGROUND/AIMS To evaluate the usefulness of pre-endoscopic assessment for predicting active up-per gastrointestinal bleeding (UGI-B) at emergency esophagogastroduodenoscopy (E-EGD, within 6 hours). METHODOLOGY We retrospectively analysed the medical records of patients that had an E-EGD performed outside working hours and considered 15 pre-endoscopic variables in a univariate analysis. Active UGI-Bat E-EGD was taken as end-point. RESULTS Of 228 E-EGD performed during 75 months, 195 were motivated by the suspicion of UGI-B. We excluded 83 cases as they were hospitalised at the time of first symptoms of bleeding. Thus, 112 cases were included. The following clinical signs triggered E-EGD: hematemesis (56/50%),melena (55/49.1%), hematochezia (20/17.8%), anae- mia (7/6.2%). Patients' age was 65.5+14.2 years. Sixty nine (61.6%) cases were male. The relative risk and p-value of the variables for the presence of active bleeding at E-EGD were as follows: hematemesis: 1.54/0.3; malignancy and cirrhosis: 1.73/0.07; haemoglobin <8g/dL: 1.38/0.3; white blood count >12,000/tL: 1.18/0.6;systolic blood pressure (SBP) <100 mmHg: 0.53/0.03;pulse >100/min: 1.42/0.2; platelets <14000/nL:1.5/0.2; INR >1.17: 1.89/0.049. In the multivariate analysis none of these variables independently predicted UGI-B. CONCLUSIONS No relevant pre-endoscopic variables for the prediction of active UGI-B at E-EGD could be found. Our data suggest that pre-endoscopic evaluation cannot replace rapid endoscopy.
Bovine embryo survival under oxidative‐stress conditions is associated with activity of the NRF2‐mediated oxidative‐stress‐response pathway

In present study, we sought to examine the ability of preimplantation bovine embryos to activate the NF‐E2‐related factor 2 (NRF2)‐mediated oxidative‐stress response under an oxidative stress environment. In vitro 2‐, 4‐, 8‐, 16‐cell‐, and blastocyst‐stage embryos were cultured under low (5%) or high (20%) oxygen levels. The expression of NRF2, KEAP1 (NRF2 inhibitor), antioxidants downstream of NRF2, and genes associated with embryo metabolism were analyzed between the embryo groups using real‐time quantitative PCR. NRF2 and KEAP1 protein abundance, mitochondrial activity, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also investigated in blastocysts of varying competence that were derived from high‐ or low‐oxygen levels. The expression levels of NRF2 and its downstream antioxidant genes were higher in 8‐cell, 16‐cell, and blastocyst stages under high oxygen tension, whereas KEAP1 expression was down‐regulated under the same conditions. Higher expression of NRF2 and lower ROS levels were detected in early (competent) blastocysts compared to their late (noncompetent) counterparts in both oxygen‐tension groups. Similarly, higher levels of active nuclear NRF2 protein were detected in competent blastocysts compared to their noncompetent counterparts. Thus, the survival and developmental competence of embryos cultured under oxidative stress are associated with activity of the NRF2‐mediated oxidative stress response pathway during bovine pre‐implantation embryo development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 497–513, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
QoS-aware virtualization-enabled routing in Software-Defined Networks

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has been recognized as the next-generation networking paradigm. It is a fast-evolving technology that decouples the network control plane from the data forwarding plane. A logically centralized controller is responsible for all the control decisions and communication among the forwarding elements. However, current traffic engineering techniques and state-of-the-art routing algorithms do not effectively use the merits of SDNs, such as global centralized visibility, control and data plane decoupling, network management simplification and portability. In this paper, a multi-tenancy management framework is proposed to fulfill the quality-of-services (QoSs) requirements through tenant isolation, prioritization and flow allocation. First, a network virtualization algorithm is provided to isolate and prioritize tenants from different clients. Second, a novel routing scheme, called QoS-aware Virtualization-enabled Routing (QVR), is presented. It combines the proposed virtualization technique and a QoS-aware framework to enable flow allocation with respect to different tenant applications. Simulation results confirm that the proposed QVR algorithm surpasses the conventional algorithms with less traffic congestion and packet delay. This facilitates reliable and efficient data transportation in generalized SDNs. Therefore, it yields to service performance improvement for numerous applications and enhancement of client isolation.
Deleteagene: A Fast Neutron Deletion Mutagenesis-Based Gene Knockout System for Plants

Deleteagene™ (Delete-a-gene) is a deletion-based gene knockout system for plants. To obtain deletion mutants for a specific gene, random deletion libraries created by fast neutron mutagenesis are screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers flanking the target gene. By adjusting the PCR extension time to preferentially amplify the deletion alleles, deletion mutants can be identified in pools of DNA samples with each sample representing more than a thousand mutant lines. In Arabidopsis, knockout plants for greater than 80% of targeted genes have been obtained from a population of 51 840 lines. A large number of deletion mutants have been identified and multiple deletion alleles are often recovered for targeted loci. In Arabidopsis, the method is very useful for targeting small genes and can be used to find deletion mutants mutating two or three tandem homologous genes. In addition, the method is demonstrated to be effective in rice as a deletion mutant for a rice gene was obtained with a similar approach. Because fast neutron mutagenesis is applicable to all plant genetic systems, Deleteagene™ has the potential to enable reverse genetics for a wide range of plant species.
Attention-Dependent Early Cortical Suppression Contributes to Crowding

Crowding, the identification difficulty for a target in the presence of nearby flankers, is ubiquitous in spatial vision and is considered a bottleneck of object recognition and visual awareness. Despite its significance, the neural mechanisms of crowding are still unclear. Here, we performed event-related potential and fMRI experiments to measure the cortical interaction between the target and flankers in human subjects. We found that the magnitude of the crowding effect was closely associated with an early suppressive cortical interaction. The cortical suppression was reflected in the earliest event-related potential component (C1), which originated in V1, and in the BOLD signal in V1, but not other higher cortical areas. Intriguingly, spatial attention played a critical role in the manifestation of the suppression. These findings provide direct and converging evidence that attention-dependent V1 suppression contributes to crowding at a very early stage of visual processing.
Methanogenic Decomposition of Ferulic Acid, a Model Lignin Derivative

Ferulic acid, a model lignin derivative, was observed to be biodegradable to methane and carbon dioxide under strict anaerobic conditions. This conversion appears to be carried out by a consortium of bacteria similar to that previously described for the methanogenic degradation of benzoic acid. A temporary buildup of acetate in these cultures indicates that it is a likely intermediate and precursor for methane formation. An analog of coenzyme M, 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid (BESA), inhibited gas production and enhanced the buildup of propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate. Phenylacetate, cinnamate, 3-phenylpropionate, benzoate, cyclohexane carboxylate, adipate, and pimelate were also detected in BESA-inhibited cultures. A pathway is proposed which includes these various acids as possible intermediates in the methanogenic degradation of ferulic acid. This model overlaps previously described benzoic acid degradation pathways, suggesting that this type of anaerobic degradation may be common for aromatic compounds.
A Superlinearly Convergent Polynomial Primal-Dual Interior-Point Algorithm for Linear Programming

The choices of the centering parameter and the step-length parameter are the fundamental issues in primal-dual interior-point algorithms for linear programming. Various choices for these two parameters that lead to polynomial algorithms have been proposed. Recently, Zhang, Tapia, and Dennis derived conditions for the choices of the two parameters that were sufficient for superlinear or quadratic convergence. However, prior to this work it had not been shown that these conditions for fast convergence are compatible with the choices that lead to polynomiality; none of the existing polynomial primal-dual interior-point algorithms satisfy these fast convergence requirements. This paper gives an affirmative answer to the question: Can a primal-dual algorithm be both polynomial and superlinearly convergent for general problems? A “large step” algorithm that possesses both polynomiality and, under the assumption of the convergence of the iteration sequence, Q-superlinear convergence, is constructed and analyzed.
Psychology of Feeling and Emotion

tion," organisation from within. For Coghill progress in the motor and nervous system is from the undifferentiated whole to the part organised in relation to the whole, so for Ruckmick there is advance in the affective life from feeling connected with the whole organism to feeling connected with the special senses in their relation to the whole organism. At the perceptual level of life a further stage of individuation is possible, emotions arise. In emotion there is the subjective affective state, but there is also the objective reference of the expressive movements and of cognition, there is awareness of a given situation. As the nervous system grows in complexity, so the expressive movements become more varied; while on the cognitive side diversity of emotion arises with diversity of meaning in the perceived situationWith the development of ideational meanings there will be an advance to sentiments. There
Discretization error of reflected fractional Brownian motion

The long-range dependence and self-similarity of fractional Brownian motion make it an attractive model for traffic in many data transfer networks. Reflected fractional Brownian Motion appears in the storage process of such a network. In this paper, we focus on the simulation of reflected fractional Brownian motion using a straightforward discretization scheme and we show that its strong error is of order hH, where h is the discretization step and H ∈ (0,1) is the Hurst index.
Lexical learning and lexical processing in children with developmental language impairments

Lexical skills are a crucial component of language comprehension and production. This paper reviews evidence for lexical-level deficits in children and young people with developmental language impairment (LI). Across a range of tasks, LI is associated with reduced vocabulary knowledge in terms of both breadth and depth and difficulty with learning and retaining new words; evidence is emerging from on-line tasks to suggest that low levels of language skill are associated with differences in lexical competition in spoken word recognition. The role of lexical deficits in understanding the nature of LI is also discussed.
WiserEarth : an Ethnographic study of the community

This paper describes the ethnographic study performed to an online community called WiserEarth. A combination of interviews and observations were used to analyze the community’s activities and its member’s perceptions about it. The analysis of the results was performed by crossing social web concepts, the observation data and general parameters found in the interviews. The results suggest that participation can be enhanced by evaluating the different member’s needs and if they are met by the tools offered at the moment. A presentation and discussion of the parameters found in the study with the different stakeholders would be a first step to address this issue.
Supervised learning for provenance-similarity of binaries

Understanding, measuring, and leveraging the similarity of binaries (executable code) is a foundational challenge in software engineering. We present a notion of similarity based on provenance -- two binaries are similar if they are compiled from the same (or very similar) source code with the same (or similar) compilers. Empirical evidence suggests that provenance-similarity accounts for a significant portion of variation in existing binaries, particularly in malware. We propose and evaluate the applicability of classification to detect provenance-similarity. We evaluate a variety of classifiers, and different types of attributes and similarity labeling schemes, on two benchmarks derived from open-source software and malware respectively. We present encouraging results indicating that classification is a viable approach for automated provenance-similarity detection, and as an aid for malware analysts in particular.