Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Piëtisme en die wyse waarop die leer van die sogenaamde second blessing beleef word : perspektiewe vanuit die Praktiese Teologie

Pietism and the manner in which the doctrine of the so-called second blessing is experienced: perspectives from Practical Theology The aim of the research underlying this article was to explore the experience of individuals supporting the form of pietism known as the so-called “second blessing” that implies suc- cessive works of grace. In this form of pietism sanctification is overemphasised at the expense of justification. In this article, a basis-theoretical assessment of core elements is followed by empirical-qualitative research data, more specifically the results of narrative analysis. A purposive sample of nine participants was used. The research data was obtained by means of a semi-structured questionnaire that the participants had to com- plete, as well as by a semi-structured interview that was con- ducted with each participant individually. The content analysis of the research data indicates possible reasons why some in- dividuals favour this form of pietism, why some individuals do not favour this doctrine, why some individuals remain sup-porters of this form of pietism, and how some individuals are “freed” from it. Guidelines are given on a practice-theoretical level concerning the way in which the outcome of these results can be applied. An indication is given of the ways in which spiritual leaders, counsellors and other believers may find it useful to utilise the research data in their pastoral counselling of persons who practise this form of pietism.
Alienation and Political Behavior

Alienation is both one of the most popular and vague concepts used by contemporary social scientists. Scholars often cite Robert Nisbet's statement that alienation is basically a perspective. The current age is said to be one of alienation, or writers declare alienation to be the fundamental interpretive concept for explaining deviant behavior. One author has even gone so far as to say that definition is unnecessary because we can all feel what “it” is in our very bones. Indeed, if we don't understand it intuitively we are alienated by definition. Recently, there have been a series of attempts to clarify the meaning of the term. Daniel Bell, commenting on the uses of the concept alienation in the works of Marx, distinguishes estrangement (“a socio-psychological condition”) from reification (“a philosophical category with psychological overtones”). For research purposes, the fundamental difference between these meanings lies in the criteria which are applied in determining whether an individual is alienated. The existence of estrangement is determined by investigating the attitudes of individuals; reification is measured against “objective” standards about the quality of human life established by the investigator. The reification (objective) tradition has many strong exponents. It offers a potentially powerful concept to an analyst wishing to evaluate the human condition in terms of explicitly stated criteria of what man ought to be in his social and personal relationships. Most of the contemporary scholarly work, however, is concerned with estrangement, and my own interest also lies in the individual's perception of the situation he faces.
What Large-Scale, Survey Research Tells Us About Teacher What Large-Scale, Survey Research Tells Us About Teacher Effects on Student Achievement: Insights From the Prospectus Effects on Student Achievement: Insights From the Prospectus Study of Elementary Schools Study of Elementary Schools

Abstract This report is about conceptual and methodological issues that arise when educational researchers use data from large-scale, survey research studies to investigate teacher effects on student achievement. In the report, we illustrate these issues by reporting on a series of analyses we conducted using data from Prospects: The Congressionally Mandated Study of Educational Opportunity. This large-scale, survey research effort gathered a rich store of data on instructional processes and student achievement in a large sample of U.S. elementary schools during the early 1990s as part of the federal government's evaluation of the Title I program. We use data from Prospects to estimate the "overall" size of teacher effects on student achievement and to test some specific hypotheses about why such effects occur. On the basis of these analyses, we draw some substantive conclusions about the magnitude and sources of teacher effects on student achievement and suggest some ways that survey-based research on teaching can be improved.
Towards integrated runtime solutions in QoS-aware middleware

Future-generation multimedia applications are expected to be highly scalable to a wide variety of heterogeneous devices, and highly available across wide-area distributed environments. This demands multiple stages of run-time support in QoS-aware middleware architectures, particularly, probing the performance of QoS parameters, instantiating the initial component configurations, and adapting to on-the-fly variations. In this paper, we review past experiences and lessons learned in our existing architectures with respect to run-time support, and present a novel approach to unify these stages into an integrated run-time middleware architecture, so that multimedia applications are monitored and configured in a coherent fashion.
Percutaneous aortic valve replacement for the treatment of aortic stenosis: early experience in Brazil.

BACKGROUND Percutaneous aortic valve replacement for the treatment of aortic stenosis is an available and efficient alternative for patients at high surgical risk, especially those with advanced age and comorbidities. OBJECTIVE The authors report the first experience made in our midst with the use of the CoreValve endoprosthesis. METHODS In January 2008, two patients underwent percutaneous aortic valve replacement due to symptomatic aortic stenosis. They were selected for being elderly (77 and 87 years) and presenting comorbidities and a high surgical risk (EuroScore 7.7% and 12.1%). RESULTS Percutaneous implantations of the CoreValve device were successfully performed. Enlargement of the valve area (from 0.7 to 1.5 cm(2) and from 0.5 to 1.3 cm(2)) and reduction of the aortic transvalvular gradient (from 82 to 50 mmHg and from 94 to 31 mmHg) were observed immediately after the intervention. During hospital stay, permanent pacemaker implantation was required in both patients due to atrioventricular block. At six months, an even greater drop in the aortic transvalvular gradient (gradient < 20 mmHg) and remission of symptoms of heart failure (NYHA III to NYHA I) were observed. CONCLUSION The use of the CoreValve endoprosthesis for the treatment of aortic stenosis proved to be feasible and showed encouraging results in this early experience made in our midst.
The Communist Hypothesis and Revolutionary Capitalisms: Exploring the Idea of Communist Geographies for the Twenty‐first Century

This essay starts from the presumption that "the communist hypothesis" is still a good one, but argues that the idea of communism requires urgent re-thinking in light of both the "obscure" disaster of twentieth century really existing socialism and the specific conditions of twenty-first century capitalism. I explore the contours of the communist hypothesis, chart the characteristics of the revolutionary capitalism of the twenty-first century and consider how our present predicament relates to the urgency of rethinking and reviving the communist hypothesis. Throughout, I tentatively suggest a number of avenues that require urgent intellectual and theoretical attention and interrogate the present condition in light of the possibilities for creating communist geographies for the twenty-first century.
The influence of school on the choice of language learning strategies in Botswana

This research seeks to examine the role that context or learning situation plays in strategy choice by comparing the strategy patterns of a private English medium secondary and a government secondary school in Botswana. More specifically, the main objectives of this study are to, firstly, investigate whether the ‘type of school' influences the choice of language learning strategies of its students: secondly, to find out whether private English medium secondary school students use more strategies than government secondary school students in Botswana; and, thirdly, to explore the role played by gender on the choice of language learning strategies. Form four students from one private English medium senior secondary school and one government senior secondary completed the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SIILL). The data was analysed using descriptive statistics to calculate means and standard deviations of strategies and inferential statistics such as ANOVA to establish the relationships between group and individual strategies. The findings of this study showed that the choice of strategies was not greatly influenced by the type of school from which the student came. However, this study found that government school students relied more on the use of dictionaries. On the other hand, private English medium students volunteered to look for conversation partners in order to get practice in speaking English. In relation to gender, the findings of this study confirmed other previous findings that female students use more language learning strategies than do male students. Keywords : language, learning, context, strategies, gender, influence MARANG Vol. 18 2008 pp. 15-28
FATTY ACID ESTERIFICATION AND CHYLOMICRON FORMATION DURING FAT ABSORPTION. 1. TRIGLYCERIDES AND CHOLESTEROL ESTERS.

SUMMARY Experiments were conducted to study in vivo the over-all fatty acid specificity of the mechanisms involved in chylomicron cholesterol ester and triglyceride formation during fat absorption in the rat. Mixtures containing similar amounts of two, three, or four C14-labeled fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids), but with varying ratios of unlabeled fatty acids, were given by gastric intubation to rats with cannulated thoracic ducts. The chyle or chylomicron lipid so obtained was chromatographed on silicic acid columns to separate cholesterol esters and glycerides (the latter being 98.2% triglycerides). After assaying each lipid class for total radioactivity, gas-liquid chromatography was employed to measure the total mass and the distribution of mass and of radioactivity in the individual fatty acid components of each lipid fraction. The specific radioactivity of each fatty acid in each fraction could then be calculated. The data provided quantitative information on the relative specificity of incorporation of each fatty acid into each chylomicron lipid class and on the relative extent to which each fatty acid in each lipid fraction was diluted with endogenous fatty acid. With the exception of a slight discrimination against stearic acid, the processes of fatty acid absorption and chylomicron triglyceride formation displayed no specificity for one fatty acid relative to another. In contrast, chylomicron cholesterol ester formation showed marked specificity for oleic acid, relative to the other three fatty acids. This specificity was not significantly altered by varying the composition of the test meal, by including cholesterol in the test meal, or by feeding the animal a high-cholesterol diet for several weeks preceding the study. Considerable dilution of the dietary fatty acids with endogenous fatty acids was observed. In one experiment, 43Oj, of the chylomicron triglyceride fatty acidb was of endogenous origin. Relatively more (5473 of the cholesterol ester fatty acid. ; mas of endogenous origin.
Heterozygotes for HFE mutations have no increased risk of advanced alcoholic liver disease

Background—Iron overload is common in the livers of alcoholics and may play a role in disease pathogenesis. An MHC like gene, HFE,has recently been identified that is mutated in most patients with hereditary haemochromatosis (C282Y in 90% and H63D in 45% of the remainder). Aim—To examine the hypothesis that these mutations determine hepatic iron status in alcoholics and play a role in predisposition to advanced alcoholic liver disease. Methods—TheHFE gene was genotyped in 257 patients with alcoholic liver disease and 117 locally matched healthy volunteers. In addition, iron staining was scored (0–4) on biopsy specimens from fibrotic/cirrhotic patients with and withoutHFE mutations matched for age and sex. Results—Some 15.7% of fibrotic/cirrhotic patients were C282Y heterozygotes compared with 13.7% of controls (p = 0.77). One control and three patients were C282Y homozygotes. Of chromosomes without the C282Y mutation, 68/442 (15.4%) of patients’ chromosomes carried the H63D mutation compared with 36/216 (16.6%) of control chromosomes (p = 0.91). Significant (>grade 1) hepatocyte iron staining was seen in 6/23 C282Y heterozygotes and 4/26 H63D heterozygotes compared with 4/23 controls. Conclusions—Possession of a single copy of either of the two HFEmutations influences neither liver iron content nor the risk of fibrotic disease in alcoholics.
Mathematics Learning and the Sexes: A Review.

Are there really sex differences in mathematics achievement? Garai and Scheinfeld (1968), in a review basically of pre-1960 psychological literature, concluded that no significant sex differences were found in computational tasks, but "in arithmetical reasoning and mathematical ability males have consistently been observed to perform better than females as a group [p. 252]. " Maccoby (1966, p. 26) in a review including both psychological and educational literature published before 1965 concluded that: (a) girls learn to count at an earlier age; (b) there are no consistent differences in computation throughout the grades; (c) during grade-school years some studies show boys beginning to forge ahead on tests of arithmetical reasoning although a number of studies reveal no difference on this dimension; and (d) boys excel at arithmetic reasoning in high school. Several authors directly related to the mathematics education profession have also drawn conclusions from the reported literature. Glennon and Callahan (1968) state that "the evidence would suggest to the teacher that boys will achieve higher than girls on tests dealing with mathematical reasoning while the girls will achieve higher than boys on tests of computational ability [p. 30]. " An equally prestigious review of research (Suydam & Riedesel, 1969, p. 129) states that there are no significant differences between the sexes in arithmetic achievement before seventh grade, but boys surpass girls after seventh grade. Suydam and Weaver stated in 1970: "In general boys scored higher in mathematical reasoning and girls were better in fundamentals, though some conflicting evidence has been presented [p. 4]. " Still other studies report no significant achievement differences associated with sex, and most researchers conclude that what little difference exists is not sufficient to influence curriculum decisions. Aiken (1971) states that "sex differences in mathematical abilities are, of course, present at the kindergarten level and undoubtedly earlier [p. 203]. " One could conclude from these reviews that although some authors believe the sex difference in mathematical achievement has
Community Commitment in Special Districts

ABSTRACT Special districts now constitute about 42% of all U.S. jurisdictions, yet little is known about them. Some critics are concerned that special districts and their staffs have insufficient community commitment. This study, based on a national survey of senior managers in large special districts, examines activities and programs of special district managers that foster community building and engagement, including correlates of these. Study results reveal that special districts are committed to their communities and several strategies and conditions are associated with increased community commitment, such as jobs that focus on community interactions, service type, and ethics management, as well as, to a lesser extent, graduate degree qualifications and charters that specify the role of managers in promoting the public interest and in relation to the board.
Transforming Lesbian Sexuality

Women are objectified and sexualized by the media and the economy, so that they live in a culture of sex. Lesbians are excluded from the mainstream sexual and appearance norms for women, yet are affected by these norms, including the association of sex and violence against women. The word sexuality has been used to connote both sexual orientation and sexual activity, and it is argued that this dual meaning illustrates the dominance of patriarchal definitions of women's sexuality. This article discusses methodologic issues in understanding who is a lesbian and presents various models or dimensions for understanding who is included in research about lesbians. It asks the question “What is sex? ” and reviews the implications of this question for lesbian sexual activity. This question has implications for a collorary question: “What is a lesbian relationship? ”, and the article discusses the implications of this question on various forms of sexual and nonsexual relationships among lesbians.
Bullying amongst University Students in the UK

This study with 20 university students examined perspectives in three different participant roles: the perpetrator, the target and the bystander. The purpose of the exercise was to resolve the outcome of an alleged incident of cyberbullying using a social network site via the means of a restorative conference. The findings suggest that the power of the peer group needs to be fully understood if cyberbullying, is to be tackled efficiently. The bystanders tended to blame the victim and were reluctant to intervene, the victim felt let down and marginalised by peers’ indifference and hostility, and the bully failed to realise or understand the consequences of their actions. The study offers ideas for strategies and policies to address the issue of cyberbullying with university students.
Quantitative Deep Sequencing Reveals Dynamic HIV-1 Escape and Large Population Shifts during CCR5 Antagonist Therapy In Vivo

High-throughput sequencing platforms provide an approach for detecting rare HIV-1 variants and documenting more fully quasispecies diversity. We applied this technology to the V3 loop-coding region of env in samples collected from 4 chronically HIV-infected subjects in whom CCR5 antagonist (vicriviroc [VVC]) therapy failed. Between 25,000–140,000 amplified sequences were obtained per sample. Profound baseline V3 loop sequence heterogeneity existed; predicted CXCR4-using populations were identified in a largely CCR5-using population. The V3 loop forms associated with subsequent virologic failure, either through CXCR4 use or the emergence of high-level VVC resistance, were present as minor variants at 0.8–2.8% of baseline samples. Extreme, rapid shifts in population frequencies toward these forms occurred, and deep sequencing provided a detailed view of the rapid evolutionary impact of VVC selection. Greater V3 diversity was observed post-selection. This previously unreported degree of V3 loop sequence diversity has implications for viral pathogenesis, vaccine design, and the optimal use of HIV-1 CCR5 antagonists.
THE MEDULLOBLAST AND THE MEDULLOBLASTOMA: A STUDY OF HUMAN EMBRYOS

The interest of neuropathologists in the cytogenesis of the nervous system became enhanced by the realization that gliomas contain cells resembling those seen in the brain during normal embryonic life. Yet few embryologic studies have been made to substantiate this analogy, least of all on human cytogenesis. The term medulloblast was coined by Bailey and Cushing 1 to identify the type cell of the medulloblastoma. It was defined as a bipotential undifferentiated element analogous to the "indifferent cell" described by the embryologist Schaper. 2 The "indifferent cell" described by Schaper was an apolar element occurring ubiquitously in the growing central nervous system and capable of the dual function of neurogenesis and gliogenesis. Few subsequent embryologists have been able to identify such a cell, and its existence has come to be regarded as hypothetic (Bailey 3 and Penfield 4 ). This study of human embryos and fetuses establishes that medulloblasts exist, but
Opinion retrieval based on mutual reinforcement between opinon analysis and relavence estimation

Different from most existing opinion retrieval systems separately process opinion analysis and relevance estimation as two one-step classification, this paper proposes a coarse-fine multi-pass opinion retrieval system incorporating mutual reinforcement between opinion analysis and relevance estimation. Based on linguistic observation on the opinion expression, some inner-and inter-sentence features are discovered. A multi-pass opinion retrieval system is then designed. Firstly, by using inner-sentence features, two base classifiers corresponding to opinion analysis and relevance estimation tasks, respectively, analyze the opinion and relevance of each sentence in the document. The inter-sentence features, including neighboring sentence-level, paragraph-level and document-level features, are obtained based on coarse analysis results. Secondly, both inner-sentence and inter-sentence features are incorporated the improved classifiers to refine the sentence analysis results and then update the inter-sentence features. Considering the strong association between opinionated sentences and topic-relevance sentences, the individual analysis results are refined following a mutual reinforcement mechanism. The updated features are then feed back to the improved classifier to further refine the sentence analysis results. Such circles terminate until the analysis results converge. Evaluations on NTCIR-7 MOAT dataset show that the proposed system achieved promising results. It shows that the proposed opinion retrieval system integrating coarse-fine analysis strategy and mutual reinforcement mechanism between opinion analysis and relevance estimation are effective.
Sex Differences in Emotionality: Fact or Stereotype?

One consistent element of Western sex stereotypes is that women are emotional, whereas men are rational. This is also widely spread in psychology and defended by feminist authors who equate women's relationality with their emotionality. In this article the concept of `emotionality' is criticized and the assumption that women are generally more emotional than men is questioned. A large amount of empirical research on sex differences in emotions is reviewed, leading to the conclusion that the general idea that women are more emotional than men tells us more about Western sex stereotypes than about women's actual emotions.
Short Article: Emotional and Neutral Scenes in Competition: Orienting, Efficiency, and Identification

To investigate preferential processing of emotional scenes competing for limited attentional resources with neutral scenes, prime pictures were presented briefly (450 ms), peripherally (5.2° away from fixation), and simultaneously (one emotional and one neutral scene) versus singly. Primes were followed by a mask and a probe for recognition. Hit rate was higher for emotional than for neutral scenes in the dual- but not in the single-prime condition, and A′ sensitivity decreased for neutral but not for emotional scenes in the dual-prime condition. This preferential processing involved both selective orienting and efficient encoding, as revealed, respectively, by a higher probability of first fixation on—and shorter saccade latencies to—emotional scenes and by shorter fixation time needed to accurately identify emotional scenes, in comparison with neutral scenes.