Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dependence of the Sperm/Oocyte Decision on the Nucleosome Remodeling Factor Complex Was Acquired during Recent Caenorhabditis briggsae Evolution

The major families of chromatin remodelers have been conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution. Because they play broad, pleiotropic roles in gene regulation, it was not known if their functions could change rapidly. Here, we show that major alterations in the use of chromatin remodelers are possible, because the nucleosome remodeling factor (NURF) complex has acquired a unique role in the sperm/oocyte decision of the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae. First, lowering the activity of C. briggsae NURF-1 or ISW-1, the core components of the NURF complex, causes germ cells to become oocytes rather than sperm. This observation is based on the analysis of weak alleles and null mutations that were induced with TALENs and on RNA interference. Second, qRT–polymerase chain reaction data show that the C. briggsae NURF complex promotes the expression of Cbr-fog-1 and Cbr-fog-3, two genes that control the sperm/oocyte decision. This regulation occurs in the third larval stage and affects the expression of later spermatogenesis genes. Third, double mutants reveal that the NURF complex and the transcription factor TRA-1 act independently on Cbr-fog-1 and Cbr-fog-3. TRA-1 binds both promoters, and computer analyses predict that these binding sites are buried in nucleosomes, so we suggest that the NURF complex alters chromatin structure to allow TRA-1 access to Cbr-fog-1 and Cbr-fog-3. Finally, lowering NURF activity by mutation or RNA interference does not affect this trait in other nematodes, including the sister species C. nigoni, so it must have evolved recently. We conclude that altered chromatin remodeling could play an important role in evolutionary change.
Acquired low cholesterol: diagnosis and relevance to safety of low LDL therapeutic targets

Purpose of review Acquired hypocholesterolaemia occurs more commonly than inherited hypocholesterolaemia but has received little attention in the literature. In this review, we discuss the causes and underlying mechanisms of acquired hypocholesterolaemia and its relevance to safety of therapeutically induced decreased LDL cholesterol levels. Recent findings Hypocholesterolaemia is increasingly identified as cholesterol testing becomes more widespread in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. Lower therapeutic targets for LDL cholesterol are also being achieved more regularly with the introduction of more intensive cholesterol-lowering regimens. Acquired hypocholesterolaemia may be the presenting feature of treatable diseases. Understanding its mechanisms may also provide new treatment approaches for neoplastic disease, such as breast cancer, and infections, such as tuberculosis. Summary When hypocholesterolaemia is discovered, it is important to identify its cause. Further research into the pathogenesis of hypocholesterolaemia may provide new therapies for primary diseases underlying it.
Using analysis of temporal variances within a honeypot dataset to better predict attack type probability

Honeypots are deployed to capture cyber attack data for analysis of attacker behavior. This paper analyses a honeypot dataset to establish attack types and corresponding temporal patterns. It calculates the probability of each attack type occurring at a particular time of day and tests these probabilities with a random sample from the honeypot dataset. Attacks can take many forms and can come from different geographical sources. Temporal patterns in attacks are often observed due to the diurnal nature of computer usage and thus attack types captured on a honeypot will also reflect these patterns. We propose that it is possible to determine the probability of differing attack types occurring at certain times of the day. Understanding attack behavior informs the implementation of more robust security measures. The paper also proposes automating this process to create dynamic and adaptive honeypots. An adaptive honeypot that can modify its security levels, can increase the attack vector at different times of the day. This will improve data collection for analysis that ultimately will lead to better cyber defenses.
A Specific Chromosome Change and Distinctive Transforming Genes Are Necessary for Malignant Progression of Spontaneous Transformation in Cultured Chinese Hamster Embryo Cells

Chinese hamster embryo (CHE) cell strains, each initiated from a separate cell stock obtained from different mothers, were transferred successively at intervals of 3 days and the changes in growth properties and karyotypes at various passages were examined. All nine cell strains proliferated at varying growth rates for 60 passages but only 2 (designated CHE A1 and CHE A2) of them expressed malignant phenotypes. The acquisition of tumorigenicity in nude mice was observed in CHE A1 and CHE A2 cells at passages 40 and 10, respectively. After 5 passages, 8 of 9 cell strains contained one or two common additional chromosomes, chromosome 3q and/or chromosome 5, although one cell strain (designated CHE A3) maintained a normal diploid karyotype for 60 passages. Trisomy of chromosome 3q was observed in all tumorigenic CHE A1 and A2 cells. One or two 3q chromosomes were detected in all tumor‐derived cell lines established from tumors produced by these tumorigenic cells. DNA from tumorigenic cells and tumor‐derived cell lines exhibited a high ability to transform mouse NIH3T3 cells, but we could not detect any activation of Ha‐ras, Ki‐ras, hst, erbB‐2, mos, met or raf in any of the transformed NIH3T3 cells. These results suggest that even though cultured CHE cells can transform spontaneously, without any specific chromosome change, to immortal cells, activation of unknown oncogene(s) in addition to a specific chromosome change may be required for their malignant progression. Our results suggest that trisomy of chromosome 3q is this specific chromosome change.
Relationship between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and early mild diastolic heart failure in elderly hypertensive Chinese patients

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and early mild diastolic heart failure (DHF) in elderly patients with hypertension. Material and Methods: 32 healthy individuals (control group), 44 hypertensive patients without diastolic heart failure (HT group), and 40 hypertensive with diastolic heart failure (HT-DHF group) were retrospectively compared. Risk factors for DHF and baPWV’s predictive value were assessed. Results: There were no statistical differences in age, smoking history, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVDd), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVSd) in the three groups. Significantly more females, subjects with hyperlipidemia, diabetes patients were found in the HT-DHF group compared with HT individuals. In the HT-DHF group, baPWV was correlated with pulse pressure, brain natriuretic peptide, LVMI, E/A ratio, DT, E/E’ velocity ratio, with baPWV showing the largest odd ratio (OR) of 2.709. The area under ROC curve was 85.6% for a baPWV value ≥ 1504 cm/s. Finally, the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing early mild DHF were 75 and 73%, respectively. Conclusions: Arterial stiffness is an independent risk factor for early mild DHF in elderly patients with hypertension. The baPWV may be a prospective means to diagnose early mild DHF in elderly hypertensive Chinese individuals.
2018-00725-Leveraging Noisy , Incomplete , or Implicit Labels for Automatic Speech Recognition

Mission confiée Great progress has been made in automatic speech recognition over the last decade [3, 7]. This is due to the maturity of machine learning techniques (e.g., end-to-end deep learning), the increase in computational power and, crucially, the availability of huge labeled datasets in the order of tens of thousand hours and speakers for supervised learning. Labeling consists of transcribing each utterance as a sequence of words. This a time-consuming process, that incurs a huge cost and limits the availability of commercial speech recognition interfaces to about 100 languages, compared to the 7,000 languages currently spoken in the world.
Impacts 2 years after a scalable early childhood development intervention to increase psychosocial stimulation in the home: A follow-up of a cluster randomised controlled trial in Colombia

Background Poor early childhood development (ECD) in low- and middle-income countries is a major concern. There are calls to universalise access to ECD interventions through integrating them into existing government services but little evidence on the medium- or long-term effects of such scalable models. We previously showed that a psychosocial stimulation (PS) intervention integrated into a cash transfer programme improved Colombian children’s cognition, receptive language, and home stimulation. In this follow-up study, we assessed the medium-term impacts of the intervention, 2 years after it ended, on children’s cognition, language, school readiness, executive function, and behaviour. Methods and findings Study participants were 1,419 children aged 12–24 months at baseline from beneficiary households of the cash transfer programme, living in 96 Colombian towns. The original cluster randomised controlled trial (2009–2011) randomly allocated the towns to control (N = 24, n = 349), PS (N = 24, n = 357), multiple micronutrient (MN) supplementation (N = 24, n = 354), and combined PS and MN (N = 24, n = 359). Interventions lasted 18 months. In this study (26 September 2013 to 11 January 2014), we assessed impacts on cognition, language, school readiness, executive function, and behaviour 2 years after intervention, at ages 4.5–5.5 years. Testers, but not participants, were blinded to treatment allocation. Analysis was on an intent-to-treat basis. We reassessed 88.5% of the children in the original study (n = 1,256). Factor analysis of test scores yielded 2 factors: cognitive (cognition, language, school readiness, executive function) and behavioural. We found no effect of the interventions after 2 years on the cognitive factor (PS: −0.031 SD, 95% CI −0.229–0.167; MN: −0.042 SD, 95% CI −0.249–0.164; PS and MN: −0.111 SD, 95% CI −0.311–0.089), the behavioural factor (PS: 0.013 SD, 95% CI −0.172–0.198; MN: 0.071 SD, 95% CI −0.115–0.258; PS and MN: 0.062 SD, 95% CI −0.115–0.239), or home stimulation. Study limitations include that behavioural development was measured through maternal report and that very small effects may have been missed, despite the large sample size. Conclusions We found no evidence that a scalable PS intervention benefited children’s development 2 years after it ended. It is possible that the initial effects on child development were too small to be sustained or that the lack of continued impact on home stimulation contributed to fade out. Both are likely related to compromises in implementation when going to scale and suggest one should not extrapolate from medium-term effects of small efficacy trials to scalable interventions. Understanding the salient differences between small efficacy trials and scaled-up versions will be key to making ECD interventions effective tools for policymakers. Trial registration ISRCTN18991160
Influence of Drinking Green Tea on Breast Cancer Malignancy among Japanese Patients

Inhibitory effects of green tea on carcinogenesis have been investigated in numerous laboratory studies using (–)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or crude green tea extract, and there is also some epidemiologic evidence. Further, EGCG has been reported to inhibit the growth of cancer cells, lung metastasis in an animal model, and urokinase activity. In this study, we first examined the association between consumption of green tea prior to clinical cancer onset and various clinical parameters assessed at surgery among 472 patients with stage I, II, and III breast cancer. We found that increased consumption of green tea was closely associated with decreased numbers of axillary lymph node metastases among premenopausal patients with stage I and II breast cancer and with increased expression of progesterone receptor (PgR) and estrogen receptor (ER) among postmenopausal ones. Since these are potential prognostic factors, we then investigated the prognosis of breast cancer with special reference to consumption of green tea, in a follow‐up study of these patients. We found that increased consumption of green tea was correlated with decreased recurrence of stage I and II breast cancer (P<0.05 for crude disease‐free survival); the recurrence rate was 16.7 or 24.3% among those consuming ≥5 cups or ≥4 cups per day, respectively, in a seven‐year follow‐up of stage I and II breast cancer, and the relative risk of recurrence was 0.564 (95% confidence interval, 0.350–0.911) after adjustment for other lifestyle factors. However, no improvement in prognosis was observed in stage III breast cancer. Our results indicate that increased consumption of green tea prior to clinical cancer onset is significantly associated with improved prognosis of stage I and II breast cancer, and this association may be related to a modifying effect of green tea on the clinical characteristics of the cancer.
Frequent Amplification of the Cyclin E Gene in Human Gastric Carcinomas

We searched for genetic alterations of the cyclin D1 and cyclin E genes in 45 human gastric carcinoma tissues. Expression of cyclin E mRNA and protein was also analyzed in eight of them by Northern and Western blots and immunohistochemical staining. The cyclin E gene was amplified 3–10 fold in seven gastric cancer tissues (15.6%), of which six were advanced gastric cancers. All of the cases with the cyclin E gene amplification displayed lymph node metastasis. Moreover, the case with the gene amplification overexpressed the cyclin E mRNA and protein. One of eight gastric cancer cell lines, MKN‐7, shared the cyclin E gene amplification, and all of the gastric cancer cell lines expressed high levels of the cyclin E mRNA and protein even without gene amplification. Amplification of the cyclin D1 gene was not observed in any of the gastric carcinoma tissues or gastric carcinoma cell lines. These results suggest that the gene amplification and overexpression of cyclin E play an important role in the abnormal growth and progression of gastric carcinoma.
Assessing post usage for measuring the quality of forum posts

It has become difficult to discover quality content within forums websites due to the increasing amount of User Generated Content (UGC) on the Web. Many existing websites have relied on their users to explicitly rate content quality. The main problem with this approach is that the majority of content often receives insufficient rating. Current automated content rating solutions have evaluated linguistic features of UGC but are less effective for different types of online communities. We propose a novel approach that assesses post usage to measure the quality of forum posts. Post usage can be viewed as implicit user ratings derived from their usage behaviour. The proposed model is validated against an operational forum using Matthews Correlation Coefficient to measure performance. Our model serves as a basis of exploring content usage to measure content quality in forums and other Web 2.0 platforms.
Downregulation of metadherin inhibits the invasiveness of diffuse large B cell lymphoma

Metadherin (MTDH), also known as astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) or lysine-rich CEACAM1 co-isolated (LYRIC), a novel oncogene, is involved in the development and progression of malignant diseases, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and so on. MTDH has been found highly expressed and promoted the pathogenesis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) mediated by activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our previous study has found that MTDH was correlated with DLBCL. We assume that MTDH could not only enhance cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis, but also could regulate the invasion and migration in DLBCL.This study aimed to illuminate that MTDH could promote the invasion and migration of DLBCL. We found that the protein expression of MTDH was significantly upregulated in DLBCL cell lines (LY1 and LY8 cell lines) compared with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy samples. Specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) mediated downregulation of MTDH resulted in reducing abilities of migratory and invasion of LY8 cell line by using transwell assay. Moreover, we confirmed and extended the expression level of MTDH correlated with two epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. Downregulation of MTDH expression in LY8 cells resulted in induction of the expression of ZEB1 and vimentin. These results indicated that there might be an EMT-like process regulated by MTDH in DLBCL.
The fit between emotion regulation choice and individual resources is associated with adaptive functioning among young children

ABSTRACT Being able to resist temptation at a young age is crucial for successful functioning yet it can be challenging. According to the Selection, Optimization, and Compensation with Emotion Regulation (SOC-ER) framework, one central element of successful functioning is selection which involves choosing among regulatory options whose resource requirements fits with the amount of available resources an individual possesses. Although conceptually important, direct empirical evidence is lacking. Accordingly, the present study utilised performance based measures to examine the interactive effect of regulatory selection to resist temptation, and individual differences in executive resources, on functioning in young children. Specifically, 39 first grade children that varied in executive resources (working memory capacity, WMC), selected between two major regulatory strategies (reappraisal and distraction) to resist temptation, that varied in their resource demands, and were evaluated on successful functioning (via questionnaires completed by parents, that assess daily-life behaviours requiring executive functioning). Supporting SOC-ER predictions, we found that among children with low (but not high) WMC, choosing the less effortful distraction regulatory strategy was associated with adaptive functioning. Additionally, regulatory choice preferences previously obtained with adults were extended to children. Broad implications are discussed.
Influence of silane content and filler distribution on chemical-mechanical properties of resin composites

This study investigated the influence of silane concentration and filler size distribution on the chemical-mechanical properties of experimental composites. Experimental composites with silane contents of 0%, 1% and 3% (in relation to filler mass) and composites with mixtures of barium glass particles (median size = 0.4, 1 and 2 μm) and nanometric silica were prepared for silane and filler analyses, respectively. The degree of conversion (DC) was analyzed by FTIR. Biaxial flexural strength (BFS) was tested after 24-h or 90-d storage in water, and fracture toughness, after 24 h. The data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p = 0.05). The DC was not significantly affected by the silane content or filler distribution. The 0% silane group had the lowest immediate BFS, and the 90-d storage time reduced the strength of the 0% and 3% groups. BFS was not affected by filler distribution, and aging decreased the BFS of all the groups. Silanization increased the fracture toughness of both the 1% and 3% groups, similarly. Significantly higher fracture toughness was observed for mixtures with 2 μm glass particles. Based on the results, 3% silane content boosted the initial strength, but was more prone to degradation after water storage. Variations in the filler distribution did not affect BFS, but fracture toughness was significantly improved by increasing the filler size.
Consistency test of neutrinoless double beta decay with one isotope

We discuss a consistency test which makes it possible to discriminate unknown nuclear background lines from neutrinoless double beta decay with only one isotope. By considering both the transition to the ground state and to the first excited 0{sup +} state, a sufficiently large detector can reveal if neutrinoless double beta decay or some other nuclear physics process is at work. Such a detector could therefore simultaneously provide a consistency test for a certain range of Majorana masses and be sensitive to lower values of the effective Majorana mass .
Service Orchestration of Optimizing Continuous Features in Industrial Surveillance Using Big Data Based Fog-Enabled Internet of Things

Video-based surveillance pedestrian detection is playing a key role in emerging technologies, such as Internet of Things and Big Data for use in smart industries and cities. In pedestrian detection, factors, such as lighting, object collisions, backgrounds, clothes, and occlusion cause complications because of inconsistent classification. To address these problems, enhancements in feature extraction are required. These features should arise from multiple variations of pedestrians. Well-known features used for pedestrian detection involve histogram of gradients, scale-invariant feature transform, and Haar built to represent boundary level classifications. Occlusion feature extraction supports identification of regions involving pedestrian detection. Classifiers, such as support vector machine and random forests are also used to classify pedestrians. All these feature extraction and pedestrian detection methods are now being automated using deep learning methods known as convolutional neural networks (CNNs). A model is trained by providing positive and negative image data sets, and larger data sets provide more accurate results when a CNN-based approach is used. Additionally, Extensible Markup Language cascading is used for detecting faces from detected pedestrian.
Integrated Broadband Edge-Guided Mode Isolator With Antiparallel Biasing of the Ferrite Slabs

In this letter, a novel configuration of the integrated waveguide edge-guide (EG) isolator, containing two antiparallelly biased ferrite slabs separated by a dielectric gap (DG), is reported. It is found that in this configuration the transmission losses are significantly lower than the ones observed in an EG mode isolator completely filled with ferrite (without a DG). The principle of operation of the proposed isolator is analyzed numerically and the obtained low losses originate from the wave transmitted in the gap. This behavior is also demonstrated using the prototype of this type of isolator working at 6.25 GHz, where simulated and measured results show isolation of 48 dB and insertion losses of 1.3 dB.
Morphological changes of plasma membrane and protein assembly during clathrin-mediated endocytosis

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) proceeds through a series of morphological changes of the plasma membrane induced by a number of protein components. Although the spatiotemporal assembly of these proteins has been elucidated by fluorescence-based techniques, the protein-induced morphological changes of the plasma membrane have not been fully clarified in living cells. Here we visualize membrane morphology together with protein localizations during CME by utilizing high-speed atomic force microscopy combined with a confocal laser scanning unit. The plasma membrane starts to invaginate ~30 seconds after clathrin starts to assemble, and the aperture diameter increases as clathrin accumulates. Actin rapidly accumulates around the pit and induces a small membrane swelling, which within 30 seconds rapidly covers the pit irreversibly. Inhibition of actin turnover abolishes the swelling and induces a reversible open-close motion of the pit, indicating that actin dynamics are necessary for efficient and irreversible pit closure at the end of the CME.