Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN STUDYING VOCABULARY: A CASE STUDY AT SIXTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MI AL ITTIHADUL ISLAMIYAH AMPENAN IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2018/2019

The objectives of the present study are to find out what kind of difficulties in studying vocabulary and factors that contribute the difficulties faced by the students. This study employed a descriptive quantitative research implementing characteristics of a case study. The subject for gaining the data, the researcher used vocabulary test and questionnaire. All the data were analyzed descriptively. The findings showed that the students still faced the problems or difficulties in vocabulary learning. Kinds of difficulties faced by the students were; (1) almost all of students have difficulties in range connotation and idiomaticity, it is proven 89.3% of students could not identify the connotation form in the sentence; (2) 87.2% of students found difficulties in choosing the appropriate meaning of the word; (3) students have difficulties in pronouncing the word it showed 85.1% of students could not choose the right word to complete the sentence; (4) the different grammatical form of a word known as inflections was one of causes of students difficulties in studying vocabulary, 68.0% of students were failed; (5) In the spelling part, 57.4% of students unable to choose appropriate spelling of the word, and the last (6) 40.4% of students have difficulties in length and complexity. There were some factors that causes students’ difficulties in learning vocabulary (1) the common problems was students’ motivation in learning English vocabulary (2) the next is students have problem in identifying past tense form (3) students got problems when they write English vocabulary (4) students not used the dictionary that was available in library (5) students got problems to expressing English vocabulary (6) students did not understand with the teacher material and (7) problems that causing difficulties is they did not like studying English.
Dependency-based underlying-structure tagging of a very large Czech corpus

Le niveau tectogrammatical (sous-jacent a la syntaxe) du scenario a trois niveaux de la Banque d'Arbres de Dependance de Prague est decrit en detail. Ce niveau d'etiquetage d'un tres grand corpus du tcheque s'inscrit dans le cadre theorique de la Description Generative Fonctionnelle, dont les traits distinctifs sont (i) une structure de dependance syntaxique avec le verbe principal comme racine de l'arbre, et (ii) l'integration dans les structures tectogrammaticales de la prise en compte systematique de l'articulation topic-focus (structure informationnelle) de la phrase.
Comparative Susceptibility of Larval Mosquitoes Exposed Separately by Instar or in Mixed Populations to the Nematode Romanomermis culicivorax.

The mermithid nematode Romanomeris culicivorax has been released many times to control natural populations of larval mosquitoes. Generally, infection levels resulting from such releases were highest in secondand third-instar and lowest in first-instar hosts when all instars were present in the habitat (1,3). This contrasts sharply with well.established results from laboratory studies which showed that firstand second-instar hosts were highly susceptible to infection, third-instar hosts about half as susceptible, and fourth-instar hosts only slightly susceptible (2). The apparently reduced incidence of parasitism of first-instar hosts in field trials was attributed, in part, to continuous hatching of new mosquito larvae after the numbers of infective parasites declined (2). Additionally, it was reported in the 1977 Annual Report of the Vector Control Research Centre, Pondicherry (Indian Council of Medical Research 1978), that early instar larvae in mixed populations were less susceptible than older larvae to infection by Roman. omermis iyengari. Therefore, laboratory
HDO: A novel local image descriptor

This paper presents a simple, yet powerful local image descriptor, called the histograms of dominant orientations (HDO). The HDO consists of two components, namely the dominant orientation and its coherence, which represents how intensively gradients in the local region are distributed along the dominant orientation. For a given image patch, we incorporate these two components into a 1-D histogram and define it as our HDO descriptor. Compared to previous approaches suffering from the presence of clutters and significant distortions, our HDO descriptor has a great ability to preserve the underlying image structure, and it can thus be successfully applied to various applications (e.g., object detection). The proposed method has been extensively tested on several challenging data sets and results show that our HDO descriptor is effective for object detection in images.
Leadership in R&D : a theoretical and methodological inquiry

This investigation addresses a number of difficulties surrounding the phenomena of leadership. First, the complexity of leadership as a construct appears to have resulted in an unintegrated body of leadership research characterized by a lack of validation; the literature review conducted here affirmed the need for integrative theory building. Second, the complexity of leadership as a construct makes leadership hard to define, measure, and analyze. A series of exploratory analyses were conducted to further understand the methodological problems associated with leadership research. These included exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and validity assessment using the multitrait multimethod matrix. Data were collected by the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for an international comparative study on Research and Development (R&D) units. Round 2 (1979-1981) data selected for this study were sampled from five countries (Argentina, Egypt, India, Republic of Korea, Poland, and U.S.S.R.). Unit members were defined as either Leaders, Scientists, or Technicians. The survey instrument measured a variety of internal and external climate and leader performance issues using 205 individual items. Technical procedures used in this study resulted in the inclusion of (n=692) R&D units with one Leader, one Scientist, and one Technician per unit (n = 2076).
Traffic flow simulation at an unsignalized T-junction using Monte Carlo Markov Chains

Congested traffic conditions are a daily nuisance of modern life. Reduction of these congestions will lead to a less stressful and healthier commute. Before mitigating solutions can be obtained, the problem needs to be understood and analyzed. Exact solutions based on probability theory and queuing systems are difficult to obtain for even moderately complex systems. Further for complex systems, insight into system behaviour is not very clear. In this paper, a simulation technique based on the Monte Carlo Markov Chain is applied to an unsignalized T-junction. It is noticed that a “small” number of simulations are sufficient to understand the behavior of the system. This simple yet powerful method offers several options and hence, is very appealing. The method can be easily extended to other types of systems as well.
Investigation of Linear Genetic Programming Techniques for Symbolic Regression

In this paper, we investigate some variants of a basic linear genetic programming (LGP) algorithm in the problem of symbolic regression. We explore the effects of using techniques to control bloat and to privilege a greater percentage of effective code in the population, individually, and examine its possibility of producing better solutions. We also test the effects and performance of an operator that considers two successful individuals as sub functions and join them into a new individual. We conduct experiments and discuss what effects each variant introduces to the evolution and its chance of producing better solutions.
Low-power communication protocol for low duty cycle data acquisition applications

In this paper a low-power communication protocol is proposed for sensor networks, where sensors mostly send measurements and rarely receive commands. The proposed protocol optimizes energy utilization on sensor nodes by using a modified MAC-layer, with acknowledgment frames piggy-backing meta-information towards sensor nodes. The proposed method is evaluated using real measurements using a modified protocol stack of IEEE 802.15. 4.
A comparison of methods of evaluating cervical range of motion.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether there are differences in results when evaluating cervical range of motion (ROM) with radiographic analysis, a bubble goniometer, and a dual inclinometer and whether particular physical parameters are related to cervical ROM. METHODS We evaluated the cervical ROM of 115 volunteers with each of the 3 clinical methods. Tape measurements of neck girth, distance from chin to sternal notch, and distances from ears to acromion were also recorded, along with sex and age. Interrater and intrarater reliabilities were determined, and the Pearson product moment correlation test and t test were performed on all data. RESULTS Cervical ROM as determined by radiographic analysis was greater than that obtained with either a dual inclinometer or a bubble goniometer. All tape measurements were weakly correlated with all 3 means of cervical ROM evaluation, with the exception of the measurement of ear lobes to acromion, which did not correlate with radiographic analysis. There were also differences found in cervical ROM by sex and by age, with female subjects and younger subjects having a greater ROM. CONCLUSION Compared with a dual inclinometer and a bubble goniometer, radiographic analysis provides a more accurate evaluation of cervical ROM.
The Symbolic Ableism Scale

This study validates the Symbolic Ableism Scale (SAS), which examines subtle prejudice. The SAS has four underlying themes: individualism; recognition of continuing discrimination; empathy for disabled people; and, excessive demands. The SAS is a tool that can be used to help understand how contradicting disability ideologies manifest in modern society to determine how best to counteract them.
Lipschitz robust control from off-policy trajectories

We study the min max optimization problem introduced in [Fonteneau et al. (2011), “Towards min max reinforcement learning”, Springer CCIS, vol. 129, pp. 61-77] for computing control policies for batch mode reinforcement learning in a deterministic setting with fixed, finite optimization horizon. First, we state that the min part of this problem is NP-hard. We then provide two relaxation schemes. The first relaxation scheme works by dropping some constraints in order to obtain a problem that is solvable in polynomial time. The second relaxation scheme, based on a Lagrangian relaxation where all constraints are dualized, can also be solved in polynomial time. We theoretically show that both relaxation schemes provide better results than those given in [Fonteneau et al. (2011)].
From user requirements to UML class diagram

The transition from user requirements to UML diagrams is a difficult task for the designer especially when he handles large texts expressing these needs. Modeling class Diagram must be performed frequently, even during the development of a simple application. This paper proposes an approach to facilitate class diagram extraction from textual requirements using NLP techniques and domain ontology.
Outsourcing in Knowledge-Based Service Firms

This paper reports on empirical work recently conducted on outsourcing among knowledge-based and other service firms in Iceland. The results show that knowledge-based firms outsource on a larger scale and more human resource functions than other service firms. However, they do not have a more strategic vision towards outsourcing, nor do they outsource more low knowledge-based activities than other firms. The study gives support to the resource-based view of the firm, and is in line with former studies of knowledge-based firms. The firms in the survey tend to keep their core competencies and employees in-house, and at the same time they outsource other functions that they consider non-core, such as peripheral and administrative tasks, or IT that requires technical specialization. The more innovative firms rely on outsourcing from best in class suppliers regarding training and counselling. The contribution of this study to the theory of outsourcing is that the non-routine tacit knowledge base related to firmsâ€™ core competencies is not limited to knowledge-based firms, but to a large portion of service firms as well.
The Effects of Part-Time Work on School Students. Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth. Research Report.

Approximately one quarter to one third of Australian secondary school students have part-time jobs during the school year and this report examines the effects on students of this part-time work. The report investigates the types of jobs in which students are employed to provide a context for examining the influence of part-time employment. The investigation looks at the consequences of employment in terms of the subjective opinions of the students and on the measurable effects over a number of years in relation to school completion, academic achievement, and labour market outcomes in the initial post-school years. The findings are based on data from the 1975 birth cohort of the Australian Council for Educational Research's (ACER's) longitudinal research project 'Youth in Transition' data. The project collected questionnaire-based and achievement test results from these students at age 14 in 1989 and then annual data spanning the period to 1997 when the students were aged 22.
Infinitely Divisibility of Solutions of Some Semi-stable Integro-differential Equations and Exponential Functionals of L ´ Evy Processes

We provide the increasing q-harmonic functions associated to the following family of integro-differential operators, for any α > 0, γ ≥ 0 and f ∈ D(L (α,ψ,γ)), (0.1) L (α,ψ,γ) f (x) = x −α σ 2 x 2 f ′′ (x) + (σγ + b)xf ′ (x) + ∞ 0 (f (e −u x) − f (x))e −uγ + xf ′ (x)u ν(du) where the coefficients b ∈ R , σ ≥ 0 and the measure ν, which satisfies the integrability condition ∞ 0 (1 ∧ x 2) ν(dx) < +∞, are uniquely determined by the distribution of a spectrally negative infinitely divisible random variable, with characteristic exponent ψ. L (α,ψ,γ) is known to be the infinitesimal generator of a 1 α-semi-stable Feller semigroup on R + , which has been introduced by Lamperti [18]. The functions are expressed in terms of a new family of power series which includes, for instance, the modified Bessel functions of the first kind and some new generalization of the Mittag-Leffler function. Then, we show that some specific combinations of these functions are Laplace transforms of selfdecomposable or infinitely divisible distributions concentrated on the positive line with respect to q and, more surprisingly, with respect to the parameter ψ(γ). In particular, this generalizes the result of Hartman [11] in the case of the Bessel semigroup (ν ≡ 0). Finally, for b < 0, we compute the associated decreasing q-harmonic functions and derive the Laplace transform of the exponential functionals of spectrally negative Lévy processes which drift to −∞.
Title : Exploring the Gap Between Measured and Perceived Quality

Even when information is made available through public campaigns, people may still retain inaccurate perceptions of environmental quality. We look at coastal water quality in Southern California via a telephone survey. Fewer than half of respondents are able to correctly rank two randomly chosen beaches in terms of water quality. A logit analysis of the rankings reveals that there are systematic factors underlying the accuracy of people’s perceptions. It is also shown that failure to fully account for omitted variables in revealed preference valuation models may lead to false findings of statistical relationships between measured environmental quality and consumer choice.
Audio Environment Classication for Hearing Aids using Artificial Neural Networks with Windowed Input

Excessive background noise is one of the most common complaints from hearing aid users. Background noise classification systems can be used in hearing aids to adjust the response based on the noise environment. This paper examines and compares two promising classification techniques, non-windowed artificial neural networks (ANN) and hidden Markov models (HMM), with an artificial neural network using windowed input. Results obtained show that an ANN with a windowed input gives an accuracy of up to 97.9%, which is more accurate than both the non-windowed ANN and the HMM. Overall, a windowed ANN is able to give excellent accuracy and reliability and is considered to be a good model for background noise classification in hearing aids
Comparison of the mandibular hinge axis in adult patients with facial asymmetry with and without posterior unilateral crossbite.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Although it has been suggested that adult patients with facial asymmetry with posterior unilateral crossbite (PUXB) may have a more tilted mandibular hinge axis (MHA) than those without PUXB, whether craniofacial morphology is associated with the MHA remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the craniofacial morphology and MHA in adult subjects with post-growth facial asymmetry with and without PUXB. SUBJECTS/METHODS Thirty pre-orthodontic patients (PUXB and non-PUXB groups, n = 15 each, 9 females and 6 males, mean age: 23.2 years) participated in the study. The MHA was measured by computerized axiography and duplicated on posteroanterior and submentovertex cephalometric radiographs. Morphological asymmetry was evaluated for both skeletal and dental components and positional deviation of the mandible by cephalometric analysis. The Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman's correlation coefficient by rank were used for statistical analysis. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS Significant differences in both skeletal and dental components were found between the PUXB and non-PUXB groups. In both the frontal and horizontal dimensions, the inclination of the MHA towards the mandibular shifted side was greater in the PUXB group than in the non-PUXB group. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS The present findings suggest that facially asymmetric adult subjects with malocclusions associated with PUXB exhibit not only mandibular asymmetry but also remodelling of the condylar head and glenoid fossa that accompanies the three-dimensional shifting of the MHA.
Widespread correlation patterns of fMRI signal across visual cortex reflect eccentricity organization

The human visual system can be divided into over two-dozen distinct areas, each of which contains a topographic map of the visual field. A fundamental question in vision neuroscience is how the visual system integrates information from the environment across different areas. Using neuroimaging, we investigated the spatial pattern of correlated BOLD signal across eight visual areas on data collected during rest conditions and during naturalistic movie viewing. The correlation pattern between areas reflected the underlying receptive field organization with higher correlations between cortical sites containing overlapping representations of visual space. In addition, the correlation pattern reflected the underlying widespread eccentricity organization of visual cortex, in which the highest correlations were observed for cortical sites with iso-eccentricity representations including regions with non-overlapping representations of visual space. This eccentricity-based correlation pattern appears to be part of an intrinsic functional architecture that supports the integration of information across functionally specialized visual areas. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.03952. 001
Survey on image segmentation via clustering

This paper is a survey to achieve image segmentation by using different clustering techniques. The goal of image segmentation is to cluster pixels into salient image regions such as individual surfaces, objects, natural parts of objects. Clustering technique can be used for image segmentation. Clustering in image segmentation is the process of identifying groups of related images. To achieve the superpixel formation, many clustering techniques can be classified. The purpose of using clustering technique is to get proper result with high efficiency effective storage image.
Approximating Partition Functions of Two-State Spin Systems

Two-state spin systems is a classical topic in statistical physics. We consider the problem of computing the partition function of the systems on a bounded degree graph. Based on the self-avoiding tree, we prove the systems exhibits strong correlation decay under the condition that the absolute value of "inverse temperature" is small. Due to strong correlation decay property, an FPTAS for the partition function is presented under the same condition. This condition is sharp for Ising model.
Testing Fama and French Three-Factor Model and Earnings-to-Price on Stock Excess Return

Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) is the centre of Indonesia equity market. This study empirically tests Fama and French three-factor model in Indonesia equity market characteristic which is influenced by Indonesia economic condition. Furthermore, new proposed model is also tested in this equity market where three-factor model is combined with earnings yield to explain variation on stock excess return. The result shows that stock excess returns is not affected by only market return but also by size and market to book ratio. Moreover, earnings yield helps three-factor model to capture more variation in stock excess return. The empirical results are consistent with Fama and French three-factor model and also four-factor model. In addition, involvement of earnings yield also is proved empirically improve efficiency of three-factor model.
TDMA scheduling feasibility of the Receiver Capacity Model

In this section we present an example to illustrate the receiver capacity model over a collection tree. Figure 1 shows a 6 node topology. The solid lines indicate a parent child relationship in the tree. The dashed line represent noise links. For each source, any rate consumed by the source on the link with its parent will result in consumption of an equal rate on the noise links. Thus, when node 2 sends its data to node 1, node 2 not only consumes capacity at node 1 but also at node 3, since the same flow exists over link 2 → 1 and noise link 2 → 3. The radios are assumed to be half duplex. The half duplex nature of the radio forces flows to be received at a particular rate in a particular slot and then forwarded at the same rate in the next available slot. This results in flows originating from a child consuming twice the allocated rate at the parent. The receiver capacity constraints on the rates at node 3 will be as follows: