Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Throughput and Delay in Wireless Multihop Ad Hoc Networks

In wireless multihop ad hoc networks, the use of the RTS/CTS mechanism does not completely eliminate the hidden-terminal problem. Considering the hidden-terminal problem adds complexity to the existing analysis for single-hop networks. In this paper, we provide precise and accurate analytical models for quantifying the throughput and delay in wireless multihop ad hoc networks. The proposed analysis is applicable to many wireless MAC protocols and applications. The accuracy of our analytical models are verified by extensive NS-2 simulations. Our analysis reveals how the throughput and delay in wireless multihop ad hoc networks are affected by the hidden-terminals and by the transmission and interference ranges of wireless devices. These results are important for network planning and protocol optimization in wireless multihop ad hoc networks.
Analysis of Gait of a Person for Individual Authentication

Gait analysis have been performed in various fields, this comes under biometrics. Biometrics has been used in a wide range of applications, this makes it a precise definition difficult to establish. There are various biometric measures which can be used to help derive an individual's identity. In this paper Gait recognition is done in order to identify an individual. This method or analysis is a marker less unobtrusive biometric method. This helps in location of an individual; rather it helps in identification of a person at a distance. This paper aims to develop methods for extracting discriminate gait features automatically and passively from low-resolution video. Gait analysis does not require any physical contact; this property helps its use in surveillance application. Two phases have been used in which firstly features of an individual are extracted and stored and then in the recognition phase the stored features are compared with the new features of a new individual. If match is found then the identification is success else rejection is made.
The age of criminal responsibility: developmental science and human rights perspectives

Purpose – The minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) was set at ten years old in 1963. Since then a deeper appreciation of children's rights and understanding of their unique capabilities and experiences has been gained. This paper seeks to examine the implications of these developments for our understanding of this MACR.Design/methodology/approach – Research is reviewed that illuminates questions about children's culpability, their competence to participate in the criminal justice system (CJS) and the consequences of criminalising them at a young age. Recent understandings of how children's rights apply to the MACR are also summarised.Findings – Developmental science and human rights perspectives are inconsistent with a MACR no younger than 12 years.Originality/value – The paper is one of the first to extensively apply developmental science research to the MACR. The author finds that although a just and rehabilitative CJS may be achievable in the case of most adolescent defendants, this is an unre.
Defective DNA Mismatch Repair in Long-Term (≥3 Years) Survivors with Pancreatic Cancer

Background/Aims: Defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR) in pancreatic cancer, reported in up to 13% of sporadic pancreatic cancers, may predict a good prognosis. To determine if long-term survival in pancreatic cancer could be attributed to defective DNA MMR, we ascertained its prevalence in 35 pancreatic cancer patients who survived ≧3 years after surgery. Methods: We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MMR proteins hMLH1, hMSH2, and hMSH6 in all 35 tumors and microsatellite instability (MSI) studies in 34/35 tumors using 10 microsatellite markers in paired normal and tumor DNA. Defective DNA MMR was defined as absence of protein expression on IHC and/or MSI in ≧30% of markers studied. Results: On IHC, 3/35 (8.6%) tumors had defective DNA MMR. All 3 had absent expression of a DNA MMR protein (hMLH1 in 2 and hMSH2) and 2/3 also had MSI; the third could not be tested. Definitely 2, and probably all 3 patients had hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer as determined by clinical and genetic profiles. Conclusion: Defective DNA MMR is uncommon in long-term survivors of pancreatic cancer and does not account for the survival benefit in those with sporadic pancreatic cancer.
The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbation.

BACKGROUND The concurrence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is generally identified as an overlap syndrome. Only limited evidence is available on the prevalence of OSA in patients with stable COPD, and essentially no data on the prevalence of OSA in patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbation. The aims of the study were to determine the ratio of concurrence of OSA in patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbation and to identify the confounders of OSA detected in COPD subjects. METHODS 101 patients were hospitalized for COPD exacerbation at the Department of Respiratory Diseases in the course of four months. Seventy-nine consecutive patients were enrolled in the study and in 35 of these subjects polygraphy was performed. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation and Fisher's test were used to summarize and evaluate results. RESULTS In 18 (51.4%) subjects with polygraphy examination, the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5 indicated the presence of OSA. The AHI value, and thus the severity of the sleep disorder, correlated with the class of the Mallampati score, presence of snoring, apnea, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus in patient's history, height, body mass index, neck, waist and hip circumferences, and the value of the Epworth sleepiness scale. CONCLUSION Polygraphy performed in patients hospitalized for exacerbation of COPD indicated an increased prevalence of OSA compared to the general population and stable COPD patients.
Involvement of the Cytoplasmic C-Terminal Domain of Connexin43 in Neuronal Migration

During brain development, young neurons closely associate with radial glial while migrating from the ventricular zone (VZ) to the cortical plate (CP) of the neocortex. It has been shown previously that gap junctions are needed for this migration to occur properly, but the precise mechanism responsible is still in question. Here, we used Cre recombinase, driven by the nestin promoter, to conditionally knock-out a floxed coding DNA of the connexin43 (Cx43) gene in mice. Radial glia in the VZ normally express connexin43. They undergo divisions that produce neurons and astrocytes and serve as migratory guides for the daughter cells that they produce. Based on histological analysis, we suggest that removing Cx43 from radial glia alters the normal lamination of the mouse neocortex. To monitor newborn neurons during development, we introduced a plasmid containing green fluorescent protein driven by a neuronal (Tα1 tubulin) promoter into the embryonic neocortex using in utero electroporation. The transfected migrating neurons remain in the VZ/intermediate zone (IZ) of the Cx43 conditional knock-out (Cx43cKO) animals, whereas in Cx43fl/fl mice, neurons migrate through the IZ into the CP, indicating that deletion of Cx43 from nestin-positive cells disrupts neuronal migration. We were able to rescue migration of Cx43cKO neurons by electroporating a cytomegalovirus–Cx43 expression plasmid into the embryonic cortex. In contrast, a C-terminal truncated form of Cx43 failed to rescue neuronal migration. In addition, Cx43K258stop mice, in which Cx43 lacks the last 125 amino acid residues of the cytoplasmic C-terminal domain, gave results similar to those seen with the Cx43cKO mice. This study illustrates that deletion of the C-terminal domain of Cx43 alters neuronal migration in the neocortex.
Factors underlying the inclination to donate to particular types of charity

Two hundred and fifty members of the general public were interviewed in central London and asked to assume that they had been given a certain sum of money, all of which they had to donate to a single good cause. The interviewees were presented with the names of three organisations in different fields (cancer care, animal welfare and human rights) and asked to make a selection. Respondents were then questioned about their personal values, inclinations and other characteristics potentially relevant to the choice. It emerged that personal values and inclinations exerted powerful influences on selections. Moreover, the possession of certain personal values and inclinations correlated significantly with specific organisational values that the respondents most admired. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications
Using Self-Imitation to Direct Learning

An evolutionary predecessor to observational imitation may have been self-imitation. Self-imitation is where an agent is able to learn and replicate actions it has experienced through the manipulation of its body by another. This form of imitative learning has the advantage of avoiding some of the complexities encountered in observational learning such as the correspondence problem. We investigate how a system using self-imitation can be constructed with reference to psychological models of motor control including ideomotor theory and ideas from social scaffolding seen in animals to allow us to construct a robotic control system. The system allows a human trainer to teach a robot new skills and modify existing skills. Additionally the system allows the robot to notify the trainer when it is being taught skills it already possesses. We argue that this mechanism may be the first step towards the transformation from self-imitation to observational imitation. We demonstrate the system on a physical Pioneer robot with a 5-DOF arm and pan/tilt camera which is taught using self-imitation to track and point to coloured objects
Methylation of secreted frizzled related protein gene in acute leukemia patients in China.

BACKGROUND DNA methylation of CpG islands within the promoters of specific genes may play roles in tumor initiation and progression. It has been suggested such events may serve as critical check points. METHODS The present study analyzed the methylation status of CpG islands within the promoters of secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) in 87 acute leukemia (AL) patients, 20 normal controls, and four AL cell lines. 5-aza-2'- deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR), an inhibitor of DNA methylation, was employed to determine its effect on SFRP expression. RESULT Methylation of at least one SFRP promoter was observed in 69% of the AL patients analyzed. In addition, methylation of all four SFRP promoters was observed in Molt-4, Jurkat, HL60 and NB4 cells. In Jurkat cells, methylation levels of four SFRP promoters decreased in a dose-dependent manner upon treatment with 5-Aza-CdR, which coincided with increased mRNA expression. With increasing 5-Aza-CdR concentrations, the expression of DNA methyltransferases, DNMT3A and DNMT3B, significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that SFRP gene methylation may be involved in AL progression, with a possible epigenetic mechanism influencing Wnt signaling.
The intonation of Singapore English

The segmental characteristics of the English spoken in Singapore are quite widely described (e.g. Tongue 1979, Platt and Weber 1980, Brown 1988a, Brown 1991). However, the suprasegmental aspects, such as intonation, are less well documented, even though it is widely accepted that it is the suprasegmental aspects that contribute most to the distinctive character of “foreign” accents such as that of Singapore (Brown 1991: 4).
A Dialectic Approach for User Requirements Engineering for Multi-User Systems

1 Problem Interactions with information systems shall create a positive user experience (UX) based on a perceived fulfillment of the user requirements during these interactions [15]. User requirements reveal the user needs with respect to the achievement of particular goals with the help of a particular system in a particular context. The user needs are the underlying rationales of desires which are expressed by users [18]. However, users tend to form requirements for desired experiences or design solutions rather than for concrete goals or needs. A proper user requirements engineering has to identify these needs by reasoning, which requires an intense engagement with user goals, needs, and desires. This is especially hard in projects with a large number of geographically distributed stakeholders, where the organizational handling is hard and cost intensive [1]. Due to this fact, the number of misunderstandings, overlooked requirements and ambiguities increases and cannot be discovered and resolved in an early development phase. As shown in [18], [19], particular existing requirements elicitation approaches are not appropriate for a large group of stakeholders and leave out important information; others require a lot of effort or time or face a hard selection of adequate stakeholders; some might elicit incorrect and outdated requirements, or are unlikely to reflect the experience of actual users; some are applicable only when a system already exists or are hard to organize. For user requirements elicita-tion, the current best practice is provided by [9]: design solutions (prototypes) are produced after having understood and specified the context of use and the user requirements and evaluated by end-users or by designers who take the end-users' view. This human-centered design process is performed iteratively to revise and refine the prototypes in each iteration [9]. Further, [9] advances the view that user requirements are better expressed and understood (and therefore are validated) when prototypes are available. In general, prototypes are used for the evolutionary discovery, refinement, and satisfaction of user requirements [11]. They are also used for the better under
Search-Based Testing and System Testing: A Marriage in Heaven

Software test generation can take place at the function level or the system level, and be driven by random, constraint-based, and/or search-based techniques. In this paper, we argue that the best way to generate tests is at the system level, as it avoids false failures due to implicit preconditions, and that for testing at the system level, search-based techniques are best suited as they avoid the combinatorial explosion of conditions due to long paths.
Hydrostatic Pressure Affects In Vitro Maturation of Oocytes and Follicles and Increases Granulosa Cell Death

Objective: This study examines the effects of hydrostatic pressure on in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes derived from in vitro grown follicles. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, preantral follicles were isolated from 12-day-old female NMRI mice. Each follicle was cultured individually in Alpha Minimal Essential Medium (α-MEM) under mineral oil for 12 days. Then, follicles were induced for IVM and divided into two groups, control and experiment. In the experiment group follicles were subjected to 20 mmHg pressure for 30 minutes and cultured for 24-48 hours. We assessed for viability and IVM of the oocytes. The percentage of apoptosis in cumulus cells was determined by the TUNEL assay. A comparison between groups was made using the student’s t test. Results: The percentage of metaphase II oocytes (MII) increased in hydrostatic pressuretreated follicles compared to controls (p<0.05). Cumulus cell viability reduced in hydrostatic pressure-treated follicles compared to controls (p<0.05). Exposure of follicles to pressure increased apoptosis in cumulus cells compared to controls (p<0.05). Conclusion: Hydrostatic pressure, by inducing apoptosis in cumulus cells, participates in the cumulus oocyte coupled relationship with oocyte maturation.
The anxiety reduction model of bulimia nervosa: contrary case reports

It has been suggested that the anxiety-reduction function of purgation is of fundamental importance in the maintenance of bulimia nervosa, and that bulimic episodes would cease if the escape response of vomiting were removed. Five case histories are presented in which patients ceased vomiting while continuing to experience bulimic episodes. If the anxiety-reduction model is to be retained, at least for some patients, an analysis is required of the conditions under which it is not applicable.
Trajectories of Stressful Life Events and Depressive Symptoms during Adolescence.

This 4-year longitudinal study of 191 girls and 185 boys living in intact Camilies in the rural Midwest examines the trajectories of life events and depressive symptoms in adolescence. The trajectories of depressive symptoms differ between boys and girls. Compared with boys, girls experienced a greater number of depressive symptoms after age 13. Changes in uncontrollable events are associated with the increases in girls' but not boys' depressive symptoms. Latent growth curve analyses show that, over 4 years, (a) depressive symptoms for girls changed according to a curvilinear pattern that is associated with changes in stressful events; (b) the level of depressive symptoms is related to the level of life events for both boys and girls; and (c) change in depressive symptoms is significantly related to change in stressful events only for girls. Girls living with less supportive mothers are more vulnerable to negative life changes
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis

Definition of the disease: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR/IPV), caused by bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), is a disease of domestic and wild cattle. The virus is distributed world-wide, but has been eradicated from Austria, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Italy (Province of Bolzano), Switzerland, Norway and parts of Germany (the ‘Oberfranken’ and ‘Oberpfalz’ districts of Bavaria). Control programmes are running in several other countries, for example in Germany and Italy.
Hypervideo expression: experiences with hyper-hitchcock

Hyper-Hitchcock is a hypervideo editor enabling the direct manipulation authoring of a particular form of hypervideo called "detail-on-demand video. " This form of hypervideo allows a single link out of the currently playing video to provide more details on the content currently being presented. A workspace is used to select, group, and arrange video clips into several linear sequences. Navigational links placed between the video elements are assigned labels and return behaviors appropriate to the goals of the hypervideo and the role of the destination video. Hyper-Hitchcock was used by students in a Computers and New Media class to author hypervideos on a variety of topics. The produced hypervideos provide examples of hypervideo structures and the link properties and behaviors needed to support them. Feedback from students identified additional link behaviors and features required to support new hypervideo genres. This feedback is valuable for the redesign of Hyper-Hitchcock and the design of hypervideo editors in general.
The Meanings of Literal

In a simpler world, "Who's your mother? " has a simple answer. It is your female parent, the person who supplied the egg from which you were conceived, who carried and gave birth to you, who raised you, and who was married to your father. The word mother is defined relative to an idealized and oversimplified model of the world in which all those criteria converge to pick out a single person. But in a world in which there is in vitro fertilization in surrogate mothers, adoption by lesbian couples, as well as other vagaries of modern life, the criteria that are commonly assumed to come together to define "mother" may diverge radically. In such cases, there is no completely satisfactory way to choose: Both the woman who gives birth and the woman who supplies the egg have some claim to the title, as, of course, does the woman who raises the child. Any decision the courts make in defining motherhood in nonstandard cases is bound to conflict with our idealized model in which all the classical criteria for mother.
The Therapeutic Value of Friendship Between Women

This study examined whether a group of 42 university women perceived their best and slight same-sex friendships as therapeutic. Of those subjects, 29 had best friends who also participated in the study. Two paper and pencil instruments were completed by all participants and 10 of the best friend pairs were interviewed. Results of the study indicated that both best and slight same-sex friendships had therapeutic value for women, with best friendships seen as more therapeutic than slight friendships. Rank ordering of the therapeutic factors used as a basis for the study resulted in agreement among subjects on the relative importance of the factors in their best and slight friendships. Subjects and their best friends were also in agreement on the worth and rank orderings of these factors. Background for the study is provided by the literature review which included psychological perspectives on friendship, friendship's therapeutic importance, and sex differences in friendship. An additional perspective on female friendship is offered based on literature and observations outside psychology. Results are discussed in light of these somewhat contradictory perspectives.
Intelligence-Led Policing and Volume Crime Reduction

Rob Heaton is a serving police officer in Kent Police. He was awarded an MSc degree in 1996 and PhD in 2007. He has published several papers on the subject of the effects of policing upon crime rates. This is the second of two linked articles that examine aspects of the relationship between the use of focused ‘policing styles’ and recorded crime rates. The first article found that in general, it was difficult to demonstrate a causal link between the practice of a particular policing style and any subsequent reduction in recorded crime. However, there appeared to be an exception in respect of intelligence-led policing, which was associated with reductions in thefts of motor vehicles. This study examined the association between intelligence-led policing and recorded crime rates in greater depth. Three hypotheses were tested in relation to six police forces that had similar and well-embedded ‘intelligence-led’ structures and processes. The findings were in broad agreement with those of the earlier study.
Improving Translation Quality of Rule-based Machine Translation

This paper proposes machine learning techniques, which help disambiguate word meaning. These methods focus on considering the relationship between a word and its surroundings, described as context information in the paper. Context information is produced from rule-based translation such as part-of-speech tags, semantic concept, case relations and so on. To automatically extract the context information, we apply machine learning algorithms which are C4.5, C4.5rule and RIPPER. In this paper, we test on ParSit, which is an interlingual-based machine translation for English to Thai. To evaluate our approach, an verb-to-be is selected because it has increased in frequency and it is quite difficult to be translated into Thai by using only linguistic rules. The result shows that the accuracy of C4.5, C4.5rule and RIPPER are 77.7%, 73.1% and 76.1% respectively whereas ParSit give accuracy only 48%.