Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PML RING suppresses oncogenic transformation by reducing the affinity of eIF4E for mRNA

The promyelocytic leukemia protein PML is organized into nuclear bodies which mediate suppression of oncogenic transformation and of growth. The biochemical functions of PML bodies are unknown, despite their involvement in several human disorders. We demonstrate that eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) directly binds the PML RING, a domain required for association with bodies and for suppression of transformation. Nuclear eIF4E functions in nucleocytoplasmic transport of a subset of transcripts including Cyclin D1. Present studies indicate that some PML requires the evolutionarily older eIF4E protein for association with nuclear bodies. Further more, PML RING modulates eIF4E activity by drastically reducing its affinity for its substrate, 5′ m7G cap of mRNA. We demonstrate that eIF4E requires cap binding for transport of Cyclin D1 mRNA and subsequent transformation activity. Additionally, PML reduces the affinity of eIF4E for m7G mRNA cap, causing a reduction in Cyclin D1 protein levels and consequent transformation inhibition. PML is the first factor shown to modulate nuclear eIF4E function. These findings provide the first biochemical framework for understanding the transformation suppression activity of PML.
A SURVEY INTO THE CURRY-HOWARD ISOMORPHISM & TYPE SYSTEMS

The Curry-Howard Isomorphism is the correspondence between the intuitionistic fragment of classical logic and simply typed lambda calculus (λ→). It states that the type signatures of functions in λ→ correspond to logical propositions, and function bodies are equivalent to proofs of those propositions. In this survey we will explore the implications of this isomorphism and how it scales to higher order logic and type systems, such as System F and Dependent Types. Furthermore, we will look at how the Curry-Howard Isomorphism is being put to use in modern programming languages and academic research.
Research Conversations and Narrative: A Critical Hermeneutic Orientation in Participatory Inquiry

Introduction From a Positivist to an Interpretive Position in Research Introduction A Technical Approach A Language Approach Language and Policy A Tradition of Hermeneutic Inquiry Introduction Understanding and Interpretation Transition to Ontology Foundations of Current Hermeneutics for Participatory Research Being and Community The Position of the Researcher in Hermeneutic A Research Orientation in Participatory Hermeneutic Inquiry Introduction A Moral and Historical Stance Comparative Research Schema A Protocal for Field-based Hermeneutic Research Research Implication--Learning and Community Appendixes Bibliography Index
Capacity Maximization for OFDM Two-Hop Relay System With Separate Power Constraints

The combination of a multihop relay system and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation is a promising way to increase the capacity and coverage area. For the OFDM two-hop relay system with separate power constraints, joint subcarrier matching and power allocation is considered in this paper, which uses the ldquodecode-and-forwardrdquo relay strategy. The aforementioned problem can be formulated as a mixed binary integer programming problem, which is prohibitive when trying to find the global optimum. By separating the subcarrier matching and the power allocation, the optimal scheme, i.e., the optimal joint subcarrier matching and power allocation, is presented in this paper. After that, a suboptimal scheme with less complexity is also proposed, which can also be used to better understand the effects of power allocation. Simulation results show that the capacity of the optimal scheme is almost equivalent to the upper bound of the system capacity, and the capacity of the suboptimal scheme is close to that of the optimal scheme. In addition, simulation results also show that the one-to-one subcarrier matching is almost optimal, although it simplifies the system architecture.
Regulation of proteolytic activity in lung inflammation: cytokine-induced changes in pulmonary epithelial cells

s: V I . Szabó H. , Bauer H. , Novák Z. , Szatmári E. , Krizbai I.A. , Mol ecular mechanism of the damage of the alveolocapillary barrier in respo nse to inflammatory stimuli. 1st European Respiratory Society Lung Science Conferenc , I flammation and Respiratory Disease, 141, 2003 (IF2 0 0 3 : ) VII. Szabó H. , Bauer H. , Novák Z. , Szatmári E. , Farkas A. , Wejksz a K. , Krizbai I.A. , Activation of proteolytic mechanisms in response to inflammatory stimuli: a possible role in the development of the alveolocapillary barrier damage. European Respiratory Journal 22 (Suppl. 45.), 458S, 2003 (IF2003: 2.999) VIII. Szabó H. , Farkas A.E. , Orbók A. , Wilhelm I. , Novák Z. , Krizb ai I.A. , Regulation of plasminogen activator activity by inflammatory medi ators in lung epithelial cells. European Respiratory Journal 26 (Suppl. 49.), P2242, 2005 (IF2005: 2.275)
Regulation of the inhibitory drive in the olfactory bulb

Title of Dissertation: REGULATION OF THE INHIBITORY DRIVE IN THE OLFACTORY BULB Alexia Nunez-Parra, Doctor of Philosophy, 2013 Dissertation directed by: Dr. Ricardo C. Araneda, Assistant Professor Department of Biology Animals are exposed to a variety of odor cues that serve as environmental guides for their exploratory and social behaviors. Two distinct but complementing pathways process chemosensory cues: the Main and the Accessory olfactory System (AOS). Sensory neurons send their axons to the olfactory bulb (OB), specifically to the main and the accessory olfactory bulb (MOB and AOB, respectively) where they synapse onto principal neurons, the mitral (MCs). The OB is the only relay center between sensory neurons and cortical and limbic structures and therefore important aspects of odor processing occur in this region. Specifically, a distinctive mechanism used for olfactory processing is a strict regulation of MCs output by inhibitory neurons called granule cells (GCs). Importantely, inhibition of MCs is a dynamic process; it is regulated by the constant addition of new GCs to the OB circuit throughout life, in a process known as adult neurogenesis. Little is known, however, about the contribution of adult born neurons to the processing of olfactory cues, known as pheromones. Detection of pheromones by the AOS is critical for proper display of social behaviors such as hierarchical dominance and mate recognition. Here, we studied how the integration of new-born neurons could be regulated. We found that the arrival of new neurons into the adult AOB increases after animals are exposed to aggression and mate cues, suggesting that these newly arrived neurons can add important plasticity to the AOB circuitry and modify olfactory processing under different behavioral contexts. In addition, GCs mediated inhibition in the OB is precisely controlled by an extensive centrifugal innervation. For example, cortical feedback projections and neuromodulatory afferents originating in the midbrain and basal forebrain excite GC, inhibiting MCs’ and decreasing their output. Regulation of of GCs by inhibition has also been reported, however, the source of this inhibition and its relevance to olfactory processing is not known. Here we characterized inhibitory inputs onto GCs and show that GCs receive extensive inhibition from GABAergic neurons in the HDB/MCPO and from neighboring GCs. Moreover, we show, for the first time, that inhibition onto GCs is required for proper olfactory
Electoral Incentives, Political Risk-Taking and Policy Reform

We analyze the risk-taking behavior of political candidates who are uncertain about the values voters assign to various policy platforms. We show that the majoritarian and proportional electoral systems lead to different outcomes. The proportional system penalizes risky platforms more than the winner-take-all system. Since candidates choose “safer” platforms, in the proportional system voters face policy alternatives that are on average more similar to each other than under the winner-take-all system. Because the proportional system gives voters less variety in policy platforms, it is more likely to give rise to the “excessive sameness” hypothesized by Hotelling (1929). ∗Department of Economics, New York University, 19 W. 4th Street, New York, NY 10012. Lizzeri and Persico are grateful to the National Science Foundation for financial support.
Primary Œesophageal adenocarcinoma. Confirmation of its existence by the finding of mucous gland tumours

67 yr. PRIMARY oesophageal adenocarcinoma remains the the basis of the present paper. The squamous subject of controversy. Some workers support carcinomas were studied simultaneously for comGarlock (1942) in the belief that, if, on oesophagoscopy and biopsy, an oesophageal growth is found Of the 7 adenocarcinomas, I arises from gastric to be an adenocarcinoma, then that growth, no mucosa lining the lower oesophagus, 2 are mucomatter at what level, has originated in the stomach epidermoid tumours comparable to those that arise and spread proximally. Others, like Lewis (1952)~ in the major and minor salivary glands, and 4 are parison.
Dreaming, waking conscious experience, and the resting brain: report of subjective experience as a tool in the cognitive neurosciences

Even when we are ostensibly doing “nothing”—as during states of rest, sleep, and reverie—the brain continues to process information. In resting wakefulness, the mind generates thoughts, plans for the future, and imagines fictitious scenarios. In sleep, when the demands of sensory input are reduced, our experience turns to the thoughts and images we call “dreaming. ” Far from being a meaningless distraction, the content of these subjective experiences provides an important and unique source of information about the activities of the resting mind and brain. In both wakefulness and sleep, spontaneous experience combines recent and remote memory fragments into novel scenarios. These conscious experiences may reflect the consolidation of recent memory into long-term storage, an adaptive process that functions to extract general knowledge about the world and adaptively respond to future events. Recent examples from psychology and neuroscience demonstrate that the use of subjective report can provide clues to the function(s) of rest and sleep.
Intramuscular versus Intraosseous Delivery of Nerve Agent Antidote Pralidoxime Chloride in Swine

Abstract Objective. Exposure to nerve agents requires prompt treatment. We hypothesized that intraosseous (IO) injections of drug antidotes into the vascularized bone marrow will provide a more rapid and effective means to treat exposure to nerve agents than standard intramuscular (IM) injections. We compared the pharmacokinetics of IM and IO administration of pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM Cl) during normovolemia and hypovolemia, as well as their combined administration during normovolemia in swine. Methods. Ten normovolemic swine were randomly administered 2 mL, 660 mg 2-PAM Cl via the IM or IO route and monitored for 180 minutes. IM versus IO also was compared in 8 hypovolemic swine bled to a mean arterial pressure of 50 mmHg. In a combined group, an IO injection was administered followed by an IM injection 60 minutes later. Blood samples were collected at times over a 180-minute period to calculate standard pharmacokinetic variables to compare the 2 routes of administration. Results. In the normovolemic swine, IM injection achieved therapeutic levels (4 μg/mL) in 2 minutes, whereas IO infusion achieved these levels in less than 15 seconds. 2-PAM-Cl concentrations fell below these levels at 60 minutes post-injection in both groups. In the hypovolemic swine, IM injection achieved therapeutic levels in 4 minutes compared to less than 15 seconds in the IO group. 2-PAM-Cl concentrations fell below therapeutic levels at 12 and 90 minutes post-injection in the IM and IO groups, respectively. In the combined IO-IM treatment, plasma levels remained above therapeutic levels for the entire experiment and had two concentration peaks that corresponded to IO and IM injections. Conclusions. The IO route for the delivery of 2-PAM Cl provides a significant time and high initial blood concentrations advantage compared to the IM route for the prehospital treatment of nerve agent exposure even under hypovolemic conditions. The initial concentration peak associated with IO, but not IM, may provide greater initial therapy at the most critical time.
Expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag protein precursor and envelope proteins from a vesicular stomatitis virus recombinant: high-level production of virus-like particles containing HIV envelope.

Recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses have been developed as high-level expression vectors which serve as effective vaccine vectors in animals (Roberts et al., 1998, J. Virol. 72, 4704-4711; Roberts et al., 1999, J. Virol. 73, 3723-3732). Here we show that two genes can be expressed simultaneously from a single, live-attenuated VSV recombinant. The genes used encode the Pr55(gag) protein precursor of HIV-1 (1.7-kb gene) and an HIV-1 envelope (Env) protein (2.4 kb gene). Our results show that VSV can accommodate up to a 40% increase in genome size with only a threefold reduction in virus titer. Recombinants expressing the Pr55(gag) protein precursor with or without Env protein produced abundant HIV virus-like particles (VLPs) in addition to bullet-shaped VSV particles. HIV Env protein expressed from a VSV recombinant also expressing Gag was specifically incorporated into the HIV VLPs but not into the VSV particles. In contrast, VSV G protein was found in both VSV particles and in HIV VLPs. Such VSV/HIV recombinants producing HIV VLPs with Env protein could be an effective source of HIV-like particles inducing both cellular and antibody-mediated immunity to HIV-1.
Similarities between chronic pain and tinnitus.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to review hypotheses about the mechanisms of chronic pain and to compare them with that of tinnitus. Hypotheses about the pathophysiology of severe tinnitus and chronic pain have been of mainly two kinds: one of which claims that pathology located in the periphery (the ear for tinnitus, and peripheral nerves for pain) can explain the symptoms, while the other claims that the symptoms are caused by changes in the function of nuclei of the central nervous system. DATA SOURCES A search of the literature from the past 35 years was used. CONCLUSIONS There is considerable evidence that both chronic pain and some forms of tinnitus are caused by changes in the central nervous system and that the anatomic location of the physiologic abnormality causing the symptoms of chronic pain and some forms of tinnitus is not the same location to which the symptoms are referred, i.e., the ear for tinnitus and the location of injury for pain. Such changes in the central nervous system may have been induced by peripheral processes such as tissue damage, but the changes can persist a long time after complete healing of a peripheral lesion. Different forms of tinnitus may respond to different treatments as is the case for chronic pain. If the different forms of tinnitus cannot be separated, then the results of studies of the efficacy of different kinds of drugs may be misleading.
Relationship between religious values and anxiety among Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences students

Background: Anxiety is one of the most common psychiatric disorders and different treatment protocols have been introduced to relieve or treat it. Religious values may be one of the best ways to control of anxiety. Life is made meaningful and is directed by religious values. The purpose of this research was to examine the correlation of religious value levels and anxiety among the student of Kermansheh University of Medical Sciences (2005-2006). Method: Descriptive-analytic study designed and 498 students were selected using Random sampling method. All the participants have already passed one educational term and have no psychiatric or somatic disorders, which may cause anxiety. Data was collected using demographic characteristic questionnaire. Allport, Vernon, Lindsey's questionnaire were used for religious values and Spiel Berger test for anxiety level determination. Data analyses were made by t.test, ANOVA, χ² and descriptive methods. Results: 3.8% of the subjects had strong, 79.1% had moderate and 17.1% had weak religious values. 43.8%, 47.8% and 8.4% of subjects indicated high, moderate and low anxiety levels respectively. Our finding showed that there was a significant association between religious value and anxiety levels. Anxiety score in students with high religious value was lower than other students (P<0.01). Religious value scores and anxiety scores were higher in girls than boys (P<0.05). Conclusion: There was significant association between higher religious value and lower anxiety level. Although correlation of mental health and religious is complex, but it's clear that religious values play a critical role in decreasing of anxiety level and prevention of psychiatric problems.
A Computational Approach to Finding RNA Tertiary Motifs in Genomic Sequences

Motif finding in DNA, RNA and proteins plays an important role in life science research. Recent patents concerning motif finding in biomolecular data are recorded in the DNA Patent Database which serves as a resource for policy makers and members of the general public interested in fields like genomics, genetics and biotechnology. In this paper, we present a computational approach to mining for RNA tertiary motifs in genomic sequences. Specifically, we describe a method, named CSminer, and show, as a case study, the application of CSminer to genome-wide search for coaxial helical stackings in RNA 3-way junctions. A coaxial helical stacking occurs in an RNA 3-way junction where two separate helical elements form a pseudocontiguous helix and provide thermodynamic stability to the RNA molecule as a whole. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
The earliest known sauropod dinosaur and the first steps towards sauropod locomotion

A partial dinosaur skeleton from the Upper Triassic (Norian) sediments of South Africa is described and named Antetonitrus ingenipes. It provides the first informative look at a basal sauropod that was beginning to show adaptations towards graviportal quadrupedalism such as an elongated forelimb, a modified femoral architecture, a shortened metatarsus and a changed distribution of weight across the foot. These adaptations allowed the clade to produce the largest–ever terrestrial animals. However, A. ingenipes lacked specializations of the hand found in more derived sauropods that indicate it retained the ability to grasp. Antetonitrus is older than the recently described Isanosaurus from Thailand and is the oldest known definitive sauropod.
Bactericidal strontium-releasing injectable bone cements based on bioactive glasses

Strontium-releasing injectable bone cements may have the potential to prevent implant-related infections through the bactericidal action of strontium, while enhancing bone formation in patients suffering from osteoporosis. A melt-derived bioactive glass (BG) series (SiO2–CaO–CaF2–MgO) with 0–50% of calcium substituted with strontium on a molar base were produced. By mixing glass powder, poly(acrylic acid) and water, cements were obtained which can be delivered by injection and set in situ, giving compressive strength of up to 35 MPa. Strontium release was dependent on BG composition with increasing strontium substitution resulting in higher concentrations in the medium. Bactericidal effects were tested on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis; cell counts were reduced by up to three orders of magnitude over 6 days. Results show that bactericidal action can be increased through BG strontium substitution, allowing for the design of novel antimicrobial and bone enhancing cements for use in vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty for treating osteoporosis-related vertebral compression fractures.
IEEE EMBS technical committee on wearable biomedical sensors & systems: position paper

The IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS) established a technical committee on wearable biomedical sensors and systems (WBSS) in 2004. This position paper presents the view of the technical committee on the field of wearable sensors and systems in medicine, and shortly introduces its plan of action. The purpose of the position paper is to raise awareness of the initiatives of EMBS concerning WBSS and to encourage collaborations in order to advance research and development in the field of WBSS
Inhibition of histidine decarboxylase in rat stomach by aminoguanidine.

Aminoguanidine is a potent and specific inhibitor of diamine oxidase and has been used extensively in studies on histamine metabolism (Buffoni, 1966). One of the consequences of inhibition of diamine oxidase is an increased circulating concentration of histamine, and aminoguanidine is potentially a useful drug for investigating, in vivo, the proposed feedback coupling between histamine and its synthesizing enzyme in the gastric mucosa of the rat (Kahlson, Rosengren & Thunberg, 1967).