Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of ERK in the spinal dorsal horn following pancreatic pronociceptive stimuli with proteinase‐activated receptor‐2 agonists and hydrogen sulfide in rats: Evidence for involvement of distinct mechanisms

Noxious stimuli cause prompt phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) in the spinal dorsal horn that contributes to facilitation of pain sensation and is often used as an immediate marker for excitation of spinal neurons following somatic and colonic nociception. Here we asked whether two distinct pronociceptive stimuli with proteinase‐activated receptor‐2 (PAR2) agonists and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the pancreas cause phosphorylation of ERK in the spinal dorsal horn and also examined involvement of their possible downstream signaling molecules, transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 (TRPV1) and T‐type Ca2+ channels, respectively. Capsaicin (a TRPV1 agonist), trypsin (an endogenous PAR2 agonist), SLIGRL‐NH2 (a PAR2‐activating peptide), and NaHS (an H2S donor) were infused into the pancreatic duct in anesthetized rats, and phosphorylated ERK in the spinal cord was detected by immunohistochemistry. Intraductal administration of capsaicin and trypsin caused prompt phosphorylation of ERK in the superficial layers of T9, but not T5 or T12, spinal dorsal horn. SLIGRL‐NH2 and NaHS, administered in the same manner, also produced ERK phosphorylation in the corresponding spinal regions. Mibefradil, a T‐type Ca2+ channel blocker, abolished the phosphorylation of ERK caused by intraductal NaHS but not SLIGRL‐NH2. In contrast, capsazepine, an inhibitor of TRPV1, suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK caused by intraductal SLIGRL‐NH2 but not NaHS. Our data thus demonstrate that pancreatic pronociceptive stimuli with PAR2 agonists and H2S cause ERK phosphorylation in the spinal dorsal horn, through activation of TRPV1 and T‐type Ca2+ channels, respectively, and that those two pronociceptive pathways are independent of each other. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Massilia oculi sp. nov., isolated from a human clinical specimen.

A gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain CCUG 43427A(T)) was isolated from a patient suffering from endophthalmitis and its taxonomic position was studied. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that this strain was a member of the genus Massilia. Strain CCUG 43427A(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Massilia timonae (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Massilia aurea (97.2 %); levels of similarity to the type strains of all other recognized Massilia species were below 97.0 %. Chemotaxonomic data [Q-8 as major ubiquinone; phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids; and summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)ω7c and/or iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH), C(16 : 0), C(18 : 1)ω7c, C(12 : 0) and C(10 : 0) 3-OH as major fatty acids] supported the affiliation of the isolate to the genus Massilia. Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness of strain CCUG 43427A(T) with M. timonae CCUG 45783(T) and M. aurea AP13(T) were 60.6 % (reciprocal, 55.8 %) and 58.1 % (reciprocal, 34.0 %), respectively. Strain CCUG 43427A(T) could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic neighbours based on a range of phenotypic characteristics. Strain CCUG 43427A(T) is therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Massilia, for which the name Massilia oculi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CCUG 43427A(T) ( = CCM 7900(T)).
Surface ultrastructural descriptions of the oropharyngeal cavity of Anas querquedula

The current work considers the first anatomical description of oropharyngeal cavity of Garganey, which was performed on eight heads with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The round apex of elongated tongue has anterior spatula‐like named lingual nail. SEM of dorsal surface of lingual nail carry microtubercles and micropores on its rostral part, while its caudal part carry numerous microridges and micropores, while lateral apical surface only without lingual nail carrying filiform papillae, but its ventral surface carry exfoliated scales‐like projections. Lateral lingual tip carries numerous laterally directed hairs‐like structures. Rostral part of body carry region of small conical papillae in between them small hairs‐like papillae on its lateral surface. Middle part of body carry lingual comb on its dorsal surface, while its lateral surfaces carry region of small conical papillae in between them hairs‐like papillae in addition to filiform papillae, and large conical with small filiform papillae begin to appear laterally to the heads of lingual comb. Lateral surface of lingual prominence carry region of large conical and small filiform papillae on its rostral part, while its caudal part occupied by laterally situated spinated border from the root. Lingual root has two triangular smooth middle and spinated lateral and caudal. Laryngeal entrance divided into papillary and nonpapillary regions. Roof of oropharyngeal cavity divided into lamellar and papillary regions. Choanal cleft divided into rostral narrow ¼ and wide caudal ¾ parts. In conclusion, feeding process depend on the filter feeding mechanism that performed by the help of lateral situated papillae with lingual prominence.
Drug Release from Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals: Are Therapeutic and Safety Properties of Active Pharmaceutical Substances Retained?

The therapeutic efficacy of orally administered drugs is strictly dependent on their bioavailability [1, 2]. The solubility and dissolution of drugs in Gastrointestinal (GI) tract, related to their ability to permeate through GI membrane, appear as the key parameters essential for the bioavailability control. This concept constitutes the basis of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) [3], where drugs classified in classes II (low solubility–high permeability), III (high solubility–low permeability) or IV (low solubility–low permeability) are often characterized by poor oral bioavailability [2]. Unfortunately, about 40% of marked drugs are poorly water soluble, with a main distribution in Class II (30%) and class IV (10%) [2, 4]; moreover, the percentages in classes II and IV considerably increases to about 70% and 20%, respectively, among the drug candidates in discovery pipelines [5]. pharmaceutical are solids
Uncovering the assembly pathway of human ribosomes and its emerging links to disease

The essential cellular process of ribosome biogenesis is at the nexus of various signalling pathways that coordinate protein synthesis with cellular growth and proliferation. The fact that numerous diseases are caused by defects in ribosome assembly underscores the importance of obtaining a detailed understanding of this pathway. Studies in yeast have provided a wealth of information about the fundamental principles of ribosome assembly, and although many features are conserved throughout eukaryotes, the larger size of human (pre‐)ribosomes, as well as the evolution of additional regulatory networks that can modulate ribosome assembly and function, have resulted in a more complex assembly pathway in humans. Notably, many ribosome biogenesis factors conserved from yeast appear to have subtly different or additional functions in humans. In addition, recent genome‐wide, RNAi‐based screens have identified a plethora of novel factors required for human ribosome biogenesis. In this review, we discuss key aspects of human ribosome production, highlighting differences to yeast, links to disease, as well as emerging concepts such as extra‐ribosomal functions of ribosomal proteins and ribosome heterogeneity.
Associative mechanism for phosphoryl transfer: A molecular dynamics simulation of Escherichia coli adenylate kinase complexed with its substrates

The ternary complex of Escherichia coli adenylate kinase (ECAK) with its substrates adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and Mg‐ATP, which catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphoryl group between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and AMP, was studied using molecular dynamics. The starting structure for the simulation was assembled from the crystal structures of ECAK complexed with the bisubstrate analog diadenosine pentaphosphate (AP5A) and of Bacillus stearothermophilus adenylate kinase complexed with AP5A, Mg2+, and 4 coordinated water molecules, and by deleting 1 phosphate group from AP5A. The interactions of ECAK residues with the various moieties of ATP and AMP were compared to those inferred from NMR, X‐ray crystallography, site‐directed mutagenesis, and enzyme kinetic studies. The simulation supports the hypothesis that hydrogen bonds between AMP's adenine and the protein are at the origin of the high nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) specificity of AK. The ATP adenine and ribose moieties are only loosely bound to the protein, while the ATP phosphates are strongly bound to surrounding residues. The coordination sphere of Mg2+, consisting of 4 waters and oxygens of the ATP β‐ and γ‐phosphates, stays approximately octahedral during the simulation. The important role of the conserved Lys13 in the P loop in stabilizing the active site by bridging the ATP and AMP phosphates is evident. The influence of Mg2+, of its coordination waters, and of surrounding charged residues in maintaining the geometry and distances of the AMP α‐phosphate and ATP β‐ and γ‐phosphates is sufficient to support an associative reaction mechanism for phosphoryl transfer. Proteins 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zero-Shot Voice Style Transfer with Only Autoencoder Loss

Non-parallel many-to-many voice conversion, as well as zero-shot voice conversion, remain under-explored areas. Deep style transfer algorithms, such as generative adversarial networks (GAN) and conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE), are being applied as new solutions in this field. However, GAN training is sophisticated and difficult, and there is no strong evidence that its generated speech is of good perceptual quality. On the other hand, CVAE training is simple but does not come with the distribution-matching property of a GAN. In this paper, we propose a new style transfer scheme that involves only an autoencoder with a carefully designed bottleneck. We formally show that this scheme can achieve distribution-matching style transfer by training only on a self-reconstruction loss. Based on this scheme, we proposed AUTOVC, which achieves state-of-the-art results in many-to-many voice conversion with non-parallel data, and which is the first to perform zero-shot voice conversion.
Functional MRI reveals evidence of a self-positivity bias in the medial prefrontal cortex during the comprehension of social vignettes

Abstract A large literature in social neuroscience has associated the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) with the processing of self-related information. However, only recently have social neuroscience studies begun to consider the large behavioral literature showing a strong self-positivity bias, and these studies have mostly focused on its correlates during self-related judgments and decision-making. We carried out a functional MRI (fMRI) study to ask whether the mPFC would show effects of the self-positivity bias in a paradigm that probed participants’ self-concept without any requirement of explicit self-judgment. We presented social vignettes that were either self-relevant or non-self-relevant with a neutral, positive or negative outcome described in the second sentence. In previous work using event-related potentials, this paradigm has shown evidence of a self-positivity bias that influences early stages of semantically processing incoming stimuli. In the present fMRI study, we found evidence for this bias within the mPFC: an interaction between self-relevance and valence, with only positive scenarios showing a self vs other effect within the mPFC. We suggest that the mPFC may play a role in maintaining a positively biased self-concept and discuss the implications of these findings for the social neuroscience of the self and the role of the mPFC.
Fast Screening of Authentic Ginseng Products by Surface Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Abstract Surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry was developed as a rapid online detection technology for the chemical fingerprints of ginseng products without any sample pretreatment. More than 20 ginsenosides were detected in the ginseng tissue and identified by their tandem mass spectrometry. Data were well matched with their reference compounds. Herein, surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry was first applied to study the nonvolatile compounds in ginseng. White and red ginseng have been successfully differentiated from their counterfeits using some ginsenosides as chemical markers. Ginsenoside can be used to differentiate between white ginseng, red ginseng, unboiled ginseng, and their counterfeits. Ginsenosides Ra1–3, Rb2-3, and Rc might be used to differentiate between white ginseng and boiled ginseng. Our result showed that surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry not only could be used for fast screening authentic ginseng products but also might become a useful promising technique for the characterization of nonvolatile compounds in medicinal herbs to save researchers the laborious effort of sample pretreatment.
A multidisciplinary approach to a unique palaeolithic human ichnological record from Italy (Bàsura Cave)

Based on the integration of laser scan, sedimentology, geochemistry, archeobotany, geometric morphometries and photogrammetry, here we present evidence testifying a Palaeolithic group that explored a deep cave in northern Italy about 14 ky cal. BP. Ichnological data enable us to shed light on individual and group level behavior, social relationship and mode of exploration of the highly uneven environment. Five individuals, two adults, an adolescent and two children, entered the cave barefoot and with a set of wood chips to illuminate the way. Traces of crawling locomotion are documented for the first time in the global human ichnological record. The anatomic details recognizable in the crawling traces show that no garment was interposed between the limb and the trampled sediments. Our study demonstrate that very young children (the youngest less than three years old) were active members in the Upper Palaeolithic populations, even in seemingly dangerous activities and social ones.
Role of Functional Fortified Dairy Products in Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Randomized Clinical Trials.

There is insufficient evidence on the role of functional fortified dairy products in improving health and in preventing risk factors associated with noncommunicable chronic diseases. This systematic review was conducted to summarize effects of the consumption of fortified dairy products on biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk. MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases were used to perform searches to include studies published up to 30 April 2018. Randomized clinical trials with human subjects consuming dairy products fortified with phytosterols, FAs, vitamins or minerals and relating this consumption with cardiometabolic health were included in this review. Risk of bias assessment according to Cochrane guidelines was performed to determine the quality of the trials. Forty-one studies were finally selected for this synthesis; the selected studies tested dairy products fortified with the following nutrients and bioactive components: phytosterols (n = 31), FAs (n = 8), and vitamin D (n = 2). We found that the consumption of phytosterol-fortified dairy, led to an overall LDL cholesterol reduction of -0.36 (-0.41, -0.31) mmol/L, P < 0.001; this decrease was mainly related to the dosage. Likewise, consumption of ω-3 FA-fortified dairy products resulted in a plasma LDL cholesterol reduction of -0.18 (-0.27, -0.09) mmol/L as well as a decrease of -0.18 (-0.32, -0.05) mmol/L in triacylglycerols (TG). Performing meta-analyses of the consumption of dairy products fortified with vitamin D or FAs other than ω-3 FAs and biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk was not possible because of the few available publications. Our results indicate that consumption of dairy products fortified with phytosterols and ω-3 FAs can lead to a reduction of LDL cholesterol and consumption of fortified dairy products fortified with ω-3 FAs can reduce TG concentration. However, more studies with homogeneous designs are needed to determine the advantages of using dairy products as fortification vehicles to prevent cardiometabolic risk.
sGC stimulator praliciguat suppresses stellate cell fibrotic transformation and inhibits fibrosis and inflammation in models of NASH

Significance Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an increasingly common disease characterized by liver steatosis and inflammation—with fibrosis being an important indicator of disease progression and severity—and is associated with reduced endothelial function and NO–soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) signaling. Signaling downstream of NO can be restored using praliciguat, an sGC stimulator. Within the liver, stellate cells and myofibroblasts express sGC (unlike hepatocytes) and thus can be stimulated by praliciguat. Increased sGC activity inhibits fibrotic transformation and inflammatory responses in stellate cells potentially through AMPK and SMAD7. The effects on isolated stellate cells translate to human microtissues and in vivo models where treatment with praliciguat reduces inflammation, fibrosis, and steatosis. These preclinical results support further investigation of praliciguat as a potential therapy for NASH/fibrosis. Endothelial dysfunction and reduced nitric oxide (NO) signaling are a key element of the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Stimulators of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) enhance NO signaling; have been shown preclinically to reduce inflammation, fibrosis, and steatosis; and thus have been proposed as potential therapies for NASH and fibrotic liver diseases. Praliciguat, an oral sGC stimulator with extensive distribution to the liver, was used to explore the role of this signaling pathway in NASH. We found that sGC is expressed in hepatic stellate cells and stellate-derived myofibroblasts, but not in hepatocytes. Praliciguat acted directly on isolated hepatic stellate cells to inhibit fibrotic and inflammatory signaling potentially through regulation of AMPK and SMAD7. Using in vivo microdialysis, we demonstrated stimulation of the NO–sGC pathway by praliciguat in both healthy and fibrotic livers. In preclinical models of NASH, praliciguat treatment was associated with lower levels of liver fibrosis and lower expression of fibrotic and inflammatory biomarkers. Praliciguat treatment lowered hepatic steatosis and plasma cholesterol levels. The antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effects of praliciguat were recapitulated in human microtissues in vitro. These data provide a plausible cellular basis for the mechanism of action of sGC stimulators and suggest the potential therapeutic utility of praliciguat in the treatment of NASH.
An Improved Distributed Cluster Organization Algorithm of Wireless Sensor Networks

Dynamic cluster organization is a hotspot research field for wireless sensor networks. A new algorithm of building and regroup clusters - improved distributed cluster organization algorithm (IDCOA) is proposed in this paper. By IDCOA, nodes are clustered via the way that some nodes propose invitations, and the other sensors respond. Member nodes in the networks save the cluster's id, but header nodes do not have to save its member's id. The regroup of clusters is considered also. On one hand, the exiting nodes don't affect on the other nodes; on the other hand, the new nodes can join in the network effectively. To describe the IDCOA algorithm, six time-related parameters are defined to be used for timer control; seven message types are defined to be used for nodes communication; and ten steps are defined as the implement of the IDCOA process. The simulate result indicates that IDCOA algorithm has well performance on the clustered rate and the number of cluster headers for wireless sensor networks.
As(III) Removal from Aqueous Solution by Calcium Titanate Nanoparticles Prepared by the Sol Gel Method

Arsenic (As) contamination of water is a serious problem in developing countries. In water streams, arsenic can be as As(V) and As(III), the latter being the most toxic species. In this work, an innovative adsorbent based on CaTiO3 nanoparticles (CTO) was prepared by the sol-gel technique for the removal of As(III) from aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction of the CTO nanoparticles powders confirmed the CTO phase. Transmission electron microscopy observations indicated an average particle size of 27 nm, while energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of Ca, Ti, and O in the expected stoichiometric amounts. The surface specific area measured by Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) isotherm was 43.9 m2/g, whereas the isoelectric point determined by Zeta Potential measurements was at pH 3.5. Batch adsorption experiments were used to study the effect of pH on the equilibrium adsorption of As(III), using an arsenite solution with 15 mg/L as initial concentration. The highest removal was achieved at pH 3, reaching an efficiency of up to 73%, determined by X-ray fluorescence from the residual As(III) in the solution. Time dependent adsorption experiments at different pHs exhibited a pseudo-second order kinetics with an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 11.12 mg/g at pH 3. Moreover, CTO nanoparticles were regenerated and evaluated for four cycles, decreasing their arsenic removal efficiency by 10% without affecting their chemical structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the CTO surface after removal experiments, showed that arsenic was present as As(III) and partially oxidized to As(V).
Batting an in-flight object to the target

Striking a flying object such as a ball to some target location is a highly skillful maneuver that a human being has to learn through a great deal of practice. In robotic manipulation, precision batting remains one of the most challenging tasks in which computer vision, modeling, planning, control, and action must be tightly coordinated in a split second. This paper investigates the problem of a two-degree-of-freedom robotic arm intercepting an object in free flight and redirecting it to some target with a single strike, assuming all the movements take place in one vertical plane. Two-dimensional impact is solved under Coulomb friction and energy-based restitution with a proof of termination. Planning combines impact dynamics and projectile flight mechanics with manipulator kinematics and image-based motion estimation. As the object is on the incoming flight, the post-impact task constraint of reaching the target is propagated backward in time, while the arm’s kinematic constraints are propagated forward (via joint trajectory interpolation), all to the pre-impact instant when they will meet constraints that allow batting to happen. All the constraints (16 in total) are then exerted on the arm’s pre-impact joint angles and velocities, which are repeatedly planned based on updated estimates of the object’s motion captured by a high-speed camera. The arm keeps adjusting its motion in sync with planning until batting takes place. Experiments have demonstrated a better batting performance by a Barrett Technology WAM Arm than by a human being without training.