Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mining Comprehensible and Interesting Rules: A Genetic Algorithm Approach

A majority of contribution in the domain of rule mining overemphasize on maximizing the predictive accuracy of the discovered patterns. The user-oriented criteria such as comprehensibility and interestingness are have been given secondary importance. Recently, it has been widely acknowledged that even highly accurate discovered knowledge might be worthless if it scores low on the qualitative parameters of comprehensibility and interestingness. This paper presents a classification algorithm based on evolutionary approach that discovers comprehensible and interesting in CNF form in which along with conjunction in between various attributes there is disjunction among the values of an attribute. A flexible encoding scheme, genetic operators with appropriate syntactic constraints and a suitable fitness function to measure the goodness of rules are proposed for effective evolution of rule sets. The proposed genetic algorithm is validated on several datasets of UCI data set repository and experimental results are presented which clearly indicate lower error rates and more comprehensibility across a range of datasets. Some of the rules show the interesting and valuable nuggets of knowledge discovered from small disjuncts of high accuracy and low support which are very difficult to capture otherwise.
Association of an extracellular protein (chondrocalcin) with the calcification of cartilage in endochondral bone formation

We examined bovine fetal epiphyseal and growth plate cartilages by immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy using monospecific antibodies to a newly discovered cartilage-matrix calcium- binding protein that we now call chondrocalcin. Chondrocalcin was evenly distributed at relatively low concentration in resting fetal epiphyseal cartilage. In growth plate cartilage, it was absent from the extracellular matrix in the zone of proliferating chondrocytes but was present in intracellular vacuoles in proliferating, maturing and upper hypertrophic chondrocytes. The protein then disappeared from the lower hypertrophic chondrocytes and appeared in the adjoining extracellular matrix, where it was selectively concentrated in the longitudinal septa in precisely the same location where amorphous mineral was deposited in large amounts as demonstrated by von Kossa staining and electron microscopy. Mineral then spread out from these "nucleation sites" to occupy much of the surrounding matrix. Matrix vesicles were identified in this calcifying matrix but they bore no observable morphological relationship to these major sites of calcification where chondrocalcin was concentrated. Since chondrocalcin is a calcium-binding protein and has a strong affinity for hydroxyapatite, these observations suggest that chondrocalcin may play a fundamental role in the creation of nucleation sites for the calcification of cartilage matrix in endochondral bone formation.
Proceedings of 2005 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems Predistorter Design for a Memory-less Nonlinear High Power Amplifier Using the Pth-order Inverse Method for Ofdm Systems

We present a digital predistorter design scheme to compensate for the memory-less high power amplifier (HPA) nonlinearity to reduce the effect of high PAPR and the spectral re-growth of OFDM signals using the pth-order inverse method. The memory-less HPA is modeled with a polynomial and then the pth-order inverse method is applied to the polynomial model instead of solving for the exact inverse polynomial. We compensate for the amplitude and the phase nonlinearities separately, which makes the compensation process simpler than when compensated using the complex computation. The proposed predistorter can adapt to the time-varying characteristics of the memory-less HPA.
Adaptación al español de la "escala de apoyo social percibido específico para la enfermedad" de Revenson et al., 1991

Adaptation to Spanish of the "Scale of perceived social support specific to the disease" of Revenson et al., 1991. This study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Scale of Perceived Social Support Specific to the Illness of Revenson et al. 1991. A sample of 202 patients with chronic conditions was used. After making several factor analysis of the scale on all four versions (partner, family, friends and doctors), it was found a structure formed by two factors involving positive social support and not functional or problematic social support. The results obtained with Cronbach's alpha show that all scales have acceptable and adequate internal consistency. In this sense, this scale may be appropriate to identify properly perceived social support for chronic patients on the four sources of support studied.
A Fast Algorithm of Temporal Median Filter for Background Subtraction

Temporal median (cid:12)lter is one of most popular background subtraction meth-ods. However, median operation is very time-consuming which limits its applications. This paper presents a fast algorithm to reduce the computation time of the temporal median operation. By utilizing the characteristics of high correlation of adjacent frames, the fast algorithm designs simple mechanism to check whether the median of the current frame is equal to that of the previous frame. The proposed algorithm reduces the computing frequency of median operations signi(cid:12)cantly, and the experimental results indicate it is much faster than the existing algorithms.
A Korean Spoken Document Retrieval System for Lecture Search

In this paper, we introduced a Korean spoken document retrieval system for lecture search. We automatically build a general inverted index table from spoken document transcriptions, and we extract additional information from textbooks or slide notes related to the lecture. We integrate these two sources for a search process. The speech corpus used in our system is from a highschool mathematics lecture videos. Experimental results showed that the contents information is slightly beneficial for the lecture spoken document retrieval.
Construcción de clasificadores automáticos de habilidades de e-tutores de aprendizaje colaborativo

Resumen. El Aprendizaje Colaborativo Soportado por Computadora (ACSC) permite a los estudiantes aprender por medio de la interaccion con personas localizadas en marcos temporales y espaciales diferentes. Disponer de software especializado que apoye el aprendizaje en grupo, no garantiza que los estudiantes colaboren, porque no es la tecnologia utilizada lo que soporta la colaboracion sino la forma en que la utilizan los e-tutores (docentes) para coordinar la interaccion grupal. Teniendo en cuenta que el e-tutor es clave para el exito del ACSC, y que poco se sabe sobre como los docentes intervienen en las actividades de aprendizaje colaborativo de los estudiantes, se creo en primera instancia un esquema de clasificacion de habilidades de e-tutores de ACSC. Considerando que el analisis manual de las interacciones registradas en entornos de ACSC requiere considerable tiempo y esfuerzo, en segunda instancia se desarrollaron y evaluaron metodos automaticos de analisis de interacciones y reconocimiento de habilidades.
Deer Guards and Bump Gates for Excluding White-Tailed Deer From Fenced Resources

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) causing damage is a reoccurring theme in the realm of wildlife damage management, especially regarding human safety, disease transmission, and agricultural losses. Fences often are the only reliable long-term nonlethal means of controlling deer damage. The effi cacy of fences, however, relies on their weakest link: human-operated gates. Although not overly time-consuming, the act of closing a gate appears to be a burden to individuals, resulting in open-access to an otherwise protected resource. We examined the effi cacy of 2 alternatives to traditional gates to evaluate their potential to be used for excluding or containing deer. We evaluated a commercially available kit for mechanically opening and closing gates and a modifi ed deer guard that resembles a common cattle guard but incorporates bearing-mounted rollers as cross members. The gate kit proved effective in restricting deer access to bait throughout the study, but, in supplemental evaluations, we observed excessive rates of functional failure. Deer guards reduced deer entry into exclosures, but effi cacy declined with time as deer walked and jumped across guards. With some refi ning, both guards and gates have potential to be useful components of an integrated biosecurity strategy.
A comparison of in vitro cellular responses to mechanical and electrical stimulation.

In the last several decades, enormous interest has been generated toward understanding the cell as it is controlled by its external physical environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of well-defined applied mechanical stress and time-varying electric fields on the cellular synthesis of connective tissue macromolecules. Chondrocytes harvested by trypsin digestion of 15-day-old chick embryo sternae were randomly dispersed and cultured on elastin membranes in a humidified atmosphere with 10 per cent CO2 and 90 per cent air. Following five days of growth in F12 media and 5 per cent fetal calf serum, the membranes underwent either 1) a 10 per cent cyclic mechanical stretch or 2) 60 Hz A.C. electrical stimulation with current densities of 1 to 1,000 nA/mm2 or 3) control without stimulation, each for an eight-hour period. C14-hydroxyproline incorporation into collagen, and H2 35 SO4 incorporation into glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were measured by liquid scintillation techniques. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy analysis of control and stimulated cells demonstrated discernable differences. Both mechanically and electrically stimulated chondrocytes showed a two- to three-fold increase in GAG synthesis and a general depression in protein and collagen synthesis over controls. The general similarity in response to both mechanical and electrical stress suggests common processes by which they modulate cellular synthesis of cartilage connective tissue proteins.
Determining the Role of the Epstein-Barr Virus Cp EBNA2-Dependent Enhancer during the Establishment of Latency by Using Mutant and Wild-Type Viruses Recovered from Cottontop Marmoset Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

ABSTRACT Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen (EBNA) 2 (EBNA2) is involved in upregulating the expression of both EBNAs and latency-associated membrane proteins. Transcription of the six EBNA genes, which are expressed in EBV-immortalized primary B cells, arises from one of two promoters, Cp and Wp, located near the left end of the viral genome. Wp is exclusively used to drive EBNA gene transcription during the initial stages of infection in primary B cells; induction of transcription from Cp follows. We previously have mapped an EBNA2-dependent enhancer upstream of Cp (M. Woisetschlaeger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:3942–3946, 1991) and, more recently, have demonstrated that deletion of this enhancer results in EBV-immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) that are heavily biased toward the use of Wp to drive transcription of the EBNA genes (L. Yoo et al., J. Virol. 71:9134–9142, 1997). To assess the immortalizing capacity of this mutant EBV and to monitor the early events after infection of primary B cells, B cells isolated from cottontop marmosets were used to generate LCLs immortalized with the Cp EBNA2 enhancer deletion mutant virus. As previously reported, all EBV-infected marmoset LCLs examined could be triggered to produce significant levels of virus. Infection of human B cells with wild-type or Cp EBNA2 enhancer mutant viruses recovered from marmoset B-cell lines demonstrated that (i) the Cp EBNA2 enhancer mutant virus immortalizes primary human B cells nearly as efficiently as wild-type virus and (ii) the Cp EBNA2-dependent enhancer plays an important role in the induction of Cp activity during the early stages of infection. The latter is consistent with the phenotype of LCLs immortalized with the Cp EBNA2 enhancer mutant EBV. Finally, using an established LCL in which EBNA2 function is regulated by β-estradiol, we showed that the loss of EBNA2 function results in an ∼4-fold decrease in the steady-state levels of Cp-initiated transcripts and a concomitant increase in the steady-state levels of Wp-initiated transcripts. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that EBNA2 plays an important role in regulating Cp activity. These results also demonstrate that diminished induction of Cp activity does not appear to affect the ability of EBV to immortalize primary B cells in cultures. Finally, as shown here, infection of marmoset B cells with immortalization-competent mutants of EBV provides a convenient reservoir for the production of mutant viruses.
Mouse Models of Human GWAS Hits for Obesity and Diabetes in the Post Genomic Era: Time for Reevaluation

In recent years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of loci and thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity traits [such as body mass index (BMI) and waist–hip ratio (WHR)] in the human population (1–4). The vast majority of these SNPs are in non-coding regions of the genome and distal to promoters, suggesting they act through gene regulation which makes their functional interpretation challenging (5). Collectively, comparing the epigenetic landscape between mouse and human has established new pathways involved in obesity and diabetes, and in fact, inter-species conservation has successfully been used as criteria in finding functional and disease-relevant elements (6–8). By contrast, genome-wide comparative analysis of the mouse and human epigenome across tissues has highlighted the presence of cis-regulatory divergence (9, 10). New mouse engineering approaches together with bioinformatics dissection of trait-associated regions, for example, epigenetic modifications and genome interactions hold great promise to fully understand the underlying mechanisms of human disease-associated non-coding variants in T2DM and obesity.
DTDOR: An Efficient Routing Algorithm for Torus Networks

Many different factors, such as topology, routing technique, selection function, flow control policy, complexity of router design, contribute to the performance of networks on chip (NoCs). Among these factors, the choice of topology and routing function has a significant effect on the average packet latency and saturation behavior. Torus is popular in many application domains, while the problem of virtual channel misbalance caused by its deadlock avoidance scheme brings lots of performance pathologies. In this paper, we present a novel deadlock avoidance scheme based on draining scheme, and propose a deadlock-free routing scheme for torus networks. We quantify the effects of the proposed routing scheme on the overall network performance by presenting simulation results for 1-D torus and 2-D torus NoCs. Experimental results show that the novel routing algorithm for torus networks could make more efficient use of virtual channel resources, and hence cutting down packet latency and boosting throughput. Note although this paper has considered 1-D and 2-D torus networks in the experimental evaluation, the new scheme is flexible enough to support highradix torus networks.
Optimal Alarm Signal Processing: Filter Design and Performance Analysis

Accuracy and efficiency of alarm systems are of paramount importance in safe operations of industrial processes. Accuracy is measured by false and missed alarm rates (probabilities); while efficiency relates to the detection delay and complexity of the technique used. Moving average filters are often employed in industry for improved alarm accuracy. Can one do better than moving average filters? The following two problems are studied in this paper: First, given both normal and abnormal statistic distributions, how to design an optimal alarm filter (of fixed complexity) for best alarm accuracy, minimizing a weighted sum of false and missed alarm rates? Second, in what cases are moving average filters optimal? For the first problem, design of optimal linear FIR alarm filters is studied, and a numerical optimization based procedure is proposed. For the second problem, a sufficient condition is given under which the moving average filters are optimal.
Poly-Processor System analysis and design

This paper discusses the structure and efficiency of a computer complex constructed of many small, tightly coupled, functionally dedicated processors called a Poly-Processor System (PPS). The objective of the PPS is to realize a computer system which has easier expandability, higher reliability and better cost-to-performance ratio than existing systems. Firstly, presented are rules to assign functions among processors, memories and interconnection modules. Secondly, dynamic behavior of the system, such as the frequency of interprocesser communication and instruction occurance, is analyzed by computer simulation. Lastly, a pilot model (PPS for Research: PPS-R), developed to confirm the feasibility of the system and to acquire experience in establishing the architecture of the system, is described.
Credibility in Latin America of corporate social responsibility reports

To improve credibility of Corporate Social Responsibility reports, they are assured by an external expert. This research is based on 1,021 observations from 12 countries in Latin America during the years 2006-2010. In view of the results obtained, we can conclude that Latin America is a region where there is a great commitment to sustainability. In addition, our results indicate that the decision to give more credibility to sustainable policies through the assurance process depends on the size of the RSC reporting company, the industry to which it belongs and the country where the firm operates.
The Development of Disordered Eating Among Female Undergraduates: A Test of Objectification Theory

Objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997) has been used to explain how mechanisms related to socialization, sexual objectification, and psychological variables interact to predict mental health difficulties. Among a sample of 626 undergraduate women (age 18-24), this study empirically tested components of Moradi and Huang’s (2008) model and extended it by including additional socialization experiences (i.e., sexual abuse, societal pressures regarding weight and body size). Structural equation modeling analyses suggested that the model provided a good fit to the data and the model was tested in the confirmatory sample. Across the two samples, high levels of Body Shame and low levels of Internal Bodily Awareness directly led and high levels of Societal Pressures Regarding Weight and Body Size, Internalization of Cultural Standards of Beauty, and Self-objectification indirectly led to increased Bulimic Symptomatology and accounted for 65 to 73% of the variance in Bulimic Symptomatology. A history of sexual abuse and sexual objectification were not consistently supported within the model and do not appear to be as salient as the experience of societal pressures regarding weight and body size in understanding women’s experience of bulimic symptomatology. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
A Cross-Layer Security Scheme of Web-Services-Based Communications for IEEE 1451 Sensor and Actuator Networks

IEEE 1451 standard has been proposed to provide a common communication interface and transducer electric data sheet format for wired and wireless distributed applications in smart transducers (sensors and actuators). Currently, a unified Web service for IEEE 1451 smart transducers is a must. However, ensuring the security of web-services-based communications for IEEE 1451 smart transducers is an unsolved problem. In this paper, we proposed a cross-layer security mechanism that deals with the requirements of authentication, integrity, confidentiality, and availability across the communication process in IEEE 1451 smart transducers. The scheme contains three cross-layer components logically, including XML Encryption and Signature, SOAP Security Extension, and Web Services Description Language (WSDL) Security Checking. The former two components satisfy the requirements of confidentiality, availability, integrity, authentication, nonrepudiation, and freshness. The third component satisfies the requirement of availability, which can protect the system against denial-of-service (DoS) attack. The three cross-layer security components are integrated seamlessly in our scheme. To evaluate the overhead, we perform tests to evaluate the effect of message size on the performance of the access inquiry web service. The result supports the usefulness and feasibility of our scheme.
Almost-sure central limit theorems and the Erdös–Rényi law for expanding maps of the interval

For a large class of expanding maps of the interval, we prove that partial sums of Lipschitz observables satisfy an almost-sure central limit theorem (ASCLT). In fact, we provide a rate of convergence in the Kantorovich distance. Maxima of partial sums are also shown to obey an ASCLT. The key tool is an exponential inequality recently obtained. Then we establish (optimal) almost-sure convergence rates for the supremum of moving averages of Lipschitz observables (Erdös–Rényi-type law). This is done by refining the usual large-deviations estimates available for expanding maps of the interval. We end up with an application to entropy estimation ASCLTs that refine the Shannon–McMillan–Breiman and Ornstein–Weiss theorems.
Families of Young Children With Autism

At the current time, there is increasing recognition of the need for services for children on the autistic spectrum. While this remains critical, it is also important for professionals to recognize the reciprocal relationship between family functioning and the outcome of services for children. An understanding of the range of stressors on the family system, family values, culture, and priorities can help shape intervention goals. This article reviews the impact of this diagnosis on the entire family system and the utilization of the family perspective to address some of the complex needs of both children and their families.
Trust and distrust: sociocultural perspectives

Acknowledgments. Series Editor's Introduction: The Basics of Trust: How Culture Matters. Preface. Part I: Trust and Distrust: Forms, History, and Development. Trust and Distrust in Society, Ivana Markova, Per Linell, and Alex Gillespie. The Reformation as a Crisis of Trust, Geoffrey Hosking. Part II: The Cultural Dynamics of Trust and Distrust. Filial Piety, Guanxi, Loyalty, and Money: Trust in China, Li Liu. Immanent Trust in a Close Relationship: A Cultural Psychology of Trust in South Korea, Sang-Chin Choi and Gyuseog Han. Trust and Social Representations: Understanding Relations between Self and Other in the Brazilian Public Sphere, Sandra Jovchelovitch. Trust in Everyday Interaction, Alex Gillespie. Part III: Trust and Distrust within the Dynamics of Social Interaction. In the Other We Trust: Buying Souvenirs in Ladakh, North India, Alex Gillespie. The Micropolitics of Disclosure, Stigma, and (Dis)trust Surrounding HIV/AIDS in India, Srikant Sarangi. Theorizing the Social Dynamics of Trust in Portugal, Jorge Correia Jesuino. Beyond the Authentic Mind, Ivana Markova. Part IV: Trust and Distrust in the Baltic States. Economic Success and Social Trust: Evidence from the Baltic States, Emmanuel Mathias. Changing Patterns of Trust: The Estonian Case, Maaris Raudsepp, Mati Heidmets, and Juri Kruusvall. Trust and Distrust in Transition Toward Democracy, Ivana Markova. Part V: Concluding Comment. The Inter-subjective Dynamics of Trust, Distrust, and Manipulation, Alex Gillespie.