Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tracing Islamic Educational Values in Qur'anic Revelation and Compilation: A Historical Study

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to explore the historical development of Islamic education values within the context of the Qur'anic revelation and its compilation. The study also aims to examine the significance of the Qur'an in shaping Islamic educational values and to trace the evolution of these values over time. Design/methodology/approach – The historical research method was employed in this study to investigate the development of Islamic education values within the context of the Qur'anic revelation and compilation. Data collection involved various sources, including written materials such as Qur'anic manuscripts, history books, and literature on Islamic education, as well as oral sources such as interviews with experts on history and Islamic education. Findings – The research findings suggest that the Qur'an has been the primary source of Islamic educational values and has had a significant impact on the development of Islamic education. The Qur'an has influenced the fundamental principles and values of Islamic education, including the pursuit of knowledge, moral values, and social justice. The study also shows that the evolution of Islamic education values has been influenced by historical events and changes in Islamic societies, but the basic principles have remained consistent over time. Research implications/limitations – The limitations of the research are that it does not examine the long-term effects of internalizing Islamic moderation values on children's overall development and well-being and does not provide insights into the potential consequences or benefits of this process. Future research may need to investigate the long-term impact of these values to provide a more comprehensive understanding of their significance for the development of Muslim communities. Practical implications – This research provides insights into the potential ways of integrating Islamic education values into modern educational settings and contributes to the development of more inclusive and culturally sensitive educational practices.
Anxiety Disorders and Gut Dysbiosis in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome-Mediated Dry Eye Patients

Purpose Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), a disease that is associated with a high prevalence of psychological disorders, has become increasingly important. Interactions between the gut microbiota and ocular conditions have been identified in pSS. As mental intervention is frequently needed, this study aims to investigate the relationship between anxiety disorders and the gut microbiome in patients with pSS-mediated dry eye. Methods Demographics and self-administered questionnaires were obtained. Faecal samples were evaluated using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Results The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A) cut-off point of ≥ 8 points showed a sensitivity and specificity of 76.5% and 80.0%, respectively. In all participants, we found that the prevalence of anxiety disorder was 30.4%. Dry eye discomfort could promote an anxious state, and conversely, anxiety could threaten tear film and increase the risk of pSS activity. There was a certain correlation between anxiety disorder and gut dysbiosis. Prevotella was associated with dry eye severity (p <0.001). Bacteroidetes (p =0.046) and Odoribacter (p =0.001) were correlated with pSS activity. Conclusion There is a bidirectional relationship between anxiety disorder and the gut microbiota in pSS-mediated dry eye. Alterations in certain classes of gut microbiota are associated with pSS activity and dry eye severity. Main gut microbiota alterations that have a facilitating impact on anxiety are emerging in pSS-mediated dry eye. Future studies are needed to explore specific therapeutic targets for improving mental health in pSS-mediated dry eye by microbiota intervention.
The Carrot Phytoene Synthase 2 (DcPSY2) Promotes Salt Stress Tolerance through a Positive Regulation of Abscisic Acid and Abiotic-Related Genes in Nicotiana tabacum

Background: Carotenoids, which are secondary metabolites derived from isoprenoids, play a crucial role in photo-protection and photosynthesis, and act as precursors for abscisic acid, a hormone that plays a significant role in plant abiotic stress responses. The biosynthesis of carotenoids in higher plants initiates with the production of phytoene from two geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate molecules. Phytoene synthase (PSY), an essential catalytic enzyme in the process, regulates this crucial step in the pathway. In Daucus carota L. (carrot), two PSY genes (DcPSY1 and DcPSY2) have been identified but only DcPSY2 expression is induced by ABA. Here we show that the ectopic expression of DcPSY2 in Nicotiana tabacum L. (tobacco) produces in L3 and L6 a significant increase in total carotenoids and chlorophyll a, and a significant increment in phytoene in the T1L6 line. Tobacco transgenic T1L3 and T1L6 lines subjected to chronic NaCl stress showed an increase of between 2 and 3- and 6-fold in survival rate relative to control lines, which correlates directly with an increase in the expression of endogenous carotenogenic and abiotic-related genes, and with ABA levels. Conclusions: These results provide evidence of the functionality of DcPSY2 in conferring salt stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco T1L3 and T1L6 lines.
Natural Convection in a Parallelogrammic Enclosure Partially Heated from Below

Natural convection in a parallelogrammic enclosure partially heated from below has investigated numerically. The side walls are symmetrically cooled, and the upper wall is thermally insulated. Flow within the enclosure is steady, two-dimensional, and laminar. The Cartesian velocity components and pressure on a collocated (non-staggered) grid are used as dependent variables in the momentum equations, which discretized by finite volume method; body fitted coordinates are used to represent the parallelogrammic enclosure, and grid generation technique based on elliptic partial differential equations is employed. SIMPLE algorithm is used to adjust the velocity field to satisfy the conservation of mass. Keywords: Natural convection, Parallelogrammic enclosure, Partially heated from below, finite volume method.
Iterative positioning algorithm to reduce the impact of diffuse reflection on an indoor visible light positioning system

Recently, indoor visible light localization has become attractive. Unfortunately, its performance is limited by diffuse reflection. The diffuse reflection is estimated by the bilinear interpolation-based method. A received signal strength-based iterative visible light positioning algorithm is proposed to reduce the influence of diffuse reflection by subtracting the estimated diffuse reflection signal from the received signal. Simulations are made to evaluate the proposed iterative positioning algorithm in a typical scenario with different parameters of the field-of-view (FOV) of the receiver and the reflectivity of the wall. Results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the average positioning error by 12 times in a typical scenario and can reduce the positioning error greatly with various FOV of the receiver and the reflectivity of the wall. The proposed algorithm is effective and robust to reduce the degradation caused by diffuse reflection in a positioning system and will have many potential applications in indoor localization scenarios.
Inflammasome Coordinates Senescent Chronic Wound Induced by Thalassophryne nattereri Venom

Thalassophryne nattereri toadfish (niquim) envenomation, common in the hands and feet of bathers and fishermen in the north and northeast regions of Brazil, is characterized by local symptoms such as immediate edema and intense pain. These symptoms progress to necrosis that lasts for an extended period of time, with delayed healing. Wound healing is a complex process characterized by the interdependent role of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial and innate cells such as neutrophils and macrophages. Macrophages and neutrophils are actively recruited to clear debris during the inflammatory phase of wound repair, promoting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, and in the late stage, macrophages promote tissue repair. Our hypothesis is that injury caused by T. nattereri venom (VTn) leads to senescent wounds. In this study, we provide valuable information about the mechanism(s) behind the dysregulated inflammation in wound healing induced by VTn. We demonstrate in mouse paws injected with the venom the installation of γH2AX/p16Ink4a-dependent senescence with persistent neutrophilic inflammation in the proliferation and remodeling phases. VTn induced an imbalance of M1/M2 macrophages by maintaining a high number of TNF-α-producing M1 macrophages in the wound but without the ability to eliminate the persistent neutrophils. Chronic neutrophilic inflammation and senescence were mediated by cytokines such as IL-1α and IL-1β in a caspase-1- and caspase-11-dependent manner. In addition, previous blocking with anti-IL-1α and anti-IL-β neutralizing antibodies and caspase-1 (Ac YVAD-CMK) and caspase-11 (Wedelolactone) inhibitors was essential to control the pro-inflammatory activity of M1 macrophages induced by VTn injection, skewing towards an anti-inflammatory state, and was sufficient to block neutrophil recruitment and senescence.
Ruin probabilities in multivariate risk models with periodic common shock

We propose a multidimensional risk model where the common shock affecting all classes of insurance business is arriving according to a non-homogeneous periodic Poisson process. In this multivariate setting, we derive upper bounds of Lundberg-type for the probability that ruin occurs in all classes simultaneously using the martingale approach via piecewise deterministic Markov processes theory. These results are numerically illustrated in a bivariate risk model, where the beta-shape periodic claim intensity function is considered. Under the assumption of dependent heavy-tailed claims, asymptotic bounds for the finite-time ruin probabilities associated to three types of ruin in this multivariate framework are investigated.
New Secondary School Europaschule Linz

As part of the OECD/CERI project Innovative Learning Environments (ILE), an Austrian research team analysed and evaluated a secondary school for 10to 14-year-olds in Upper Austria in order to find out whether or not Europaschule Linz offers an innovative and effective approach to learning within the Austrian school system. Document analysis, videography, classroom observation, stimulated recall as well as individual and group interviews were used for data collection. For analysis the team uses a multi-method approach such as thick description, grounded theory and content analysis in order to gain insight into the effects of the learning environment from various perspectives. Europaschule Linz is considered innovative in terms of its customized approach to learning, its gradefree, detailed formative feedback system, its use of a high degree of learner responsibility and collaborative group learning as well as its appreciative and instrumental approach to learner heterogeneity. These innovations are considered to have a potential of transferability to other schools within the Austrian and other school systems.
Interaction Networks Help to Infer the Vulnerability of the Saproxylic Beetle Communities That Inhabit Tree Hollows in Mediterranean Forests

Simple Summary Insect populations are facing unprecedented changes in many ecosystems worldwide. However, do these changes make insect communities more vulnerable? The study of interaction networks can help to answer this question. We assessed the adequacy of network tools to address the long-term variation (after 11 years) of diversity patterns of the saproxylic (wood-dependent) beetle communities that inhabit tree hollows in three representative Mediterranean woodland types. To explore saproxylic communities’ vulnerability to microhabitat loss, we simulated hollow extinctions and recreated feasible future threat scenarios based on decreasing microhabitat suitability. Contrasting responses in diversity patterns among woodland types were found, whereas interaction patterns generally showed substantial temporal variations in the way that saproxylic beetles interact with tree hollows (less interconnected and specialized networks). Network procedures evidenced increased saproxylic communities’ vulnerability, and this situation could worsen in potential future scenarios with decreased microhabitat suitability. The valuable information that ecological networks provide should be considered for improving management and conservation programs. Abstract Insect communities are facing contrasting responses due to global change. However, knowledge on impacts of communities’ reorganizations is scarce. Network approaches could help to envision community changes in different environmental scenarios. Saproxylic beetles were selected to examine long-term variations in insect interaction/diversity patterns and their vulnerability to global change. We evaluated interannual differences in network patterns in the tree hollow–saproxylic beetle interaction using absolute samplings over an 11-year interval in three Mediterranean woodland types. We explored saproxylic communities’ vulnerability to microhabitat loss via simulated extinctions and by recreating threat scenarios based on decreasing microhabitat suitability. Although temporal diversity patterns varied between woodland types, network descriptors showed an interaction decline. The temporal beta-diversity of interactions depended more on interaction than on species turnover. Interaction and diversity temporal shifts promoted less specialized and more vulnerable networks, which is particularly worrisome in the riparian woodland. Network procedures evidenced that saproxylic communities are more vulnerable today than 11 years ago irrespective of whether species richness increased or decreased, and the situation could worsen in the future depending on tree hollow suitability. Network approaches were useful for predicting saproxylic communities’ vulnerability across temporal scenarios and, thus, for providing valuable information for management and conservation programs.
Challenges in HIV-1 Latent Reservoir and Target Cell Quantification in CAR-T Cell and Other Lentiviral Gene Modifying HIV Cure Strategies

Gene-modification therapies are at the forefront of HIV-1 cure strategies. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells pose a potential approach to target infected cells during antiretroviral therapy or following analytical treatment interruption (ATI). However, there are technical challenges in the quantification of HIV-1-infected and CAR-T cells in the setting of lentiviral CAR gene delivery and also in the identification of cells expressing target antigens. First, there is a lack of validated techniques to identify and characterize cells expressing the hypervariable HIV gp120 in both ART-suppressed and viremic individuals. Second, close sequence homology between lentiviral-based CAR-T gene modification vectors and conserved regions of HIV-1 creates quantification challenges of HIV-1 and lentiviral vector levels. Consideration needs to be taken into standardizing HIV-1 DNA/RNA assays in the setting of CAR-T cell and other lentiviral vector-based therapies to avoid these confounding interactions. Lastly, with the introduction of HIV-1 resistance genes in CAR-T cells, there is a need for assays with single-cell resolution to determine the competence of the gene inserts to prevent CAR-T cells from becoming infected in vivo. As novel therapies continue to arise in the HIV-1 cure field, resolving these challenges in CAR-T-cell therapy will be crucial.
The Coating of Mahogany Leaves Composite Using Clove Leaf Essential Oil as An Anti-Fungal Ganoderma lucidum

This work has been carried out to use clove leaf oil as a composite coating component having anti-fungal properties. The mushroom growth testing was carried out with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing with variations in concentrations of 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, up to 1% and obtained MIC values of clove oil found at a concentration of 0.4% in inhibiting the growth of white-rot fungi. Ganoderma lucidum mushroom is used as a weathering fungus applied in composites. The results of SSD testing showed that the growth of Ganoderma lucidum fungus began to be inhibited in composites coated with clove oil with a concentration of 0.6%. FTIR testing showed the presence of hydroxyl group (O-H), methylene group (C-H), alkenyl (C=C), and aromatic ring (C=C-C), GC-MS test results showed clove oil containing 67.40% eugenol, 17.42% beta-caryophyllene, 2.91% isopropenyl acetate, 1.56% caryophyllene oxide and 0.91% alpha-copaene. Based on research data, it shows that clove leaf oil can be used as an anti-fungal coating component in composites.
There's No Place Like Home: Influential Habitat Characteristics of Eastern Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum) Breeding Ponds in Maryland and Delaware

Abstract. Habitat loss, degradation, and modification are important drivers of global population declines in amphibians. Most amphibians have a biphasic lifestyle and are susceptible to threats in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Eastern Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum) are endangered throughout much of their range in the eastern United States, including Maryland and Delaware. Ambystoma t. tigrinum breed in ephemeral freshwater ponds and then migrate into the surrounding terrestrial environment after metamorphosis. Limited research exists about what habitat characteristics play a role in breeding pond use. We sought to understand what features of the breeding pond and surrounding landscape influence abundance and occupancy. We measured salamander occupancy, salamander abundance, and water quality parameters at ponds during the 2018 and 2019 breeding seasons. We used geographic information systems to determine pond area and the percentage of forest area and road density surrounding a pond at four spatial scales. Pond occupancy by A. t. tigrinum was positively associated with increased depth and less forest cover at the largest spatial scales. Abundance of A. t. tigrinum was greatest in larger, deeper ponds, potentially because these factors increase hydroperiod. More basic pH and decreased conductivity were also associated with higher male salamander abundances in ponds. Forest area and road density were not in the top-ranked model, although we note that ponds in this study had a minimum of 70% forest area within 150 m. Our findings elucidate relationships between A. t. tigrinum and their habitat, providing knowledge for future management of this state-endangered species.
Linguistic Fuzzy Rough Sets for Multi Criteria Group Decision Making

Linguistic variables usually take the form of a base term modified by a hedge in qualitative evaluations of multi criteria decision making problems. In this paper, the linguistic fuzzy rough set is presented to objectively model non-inclusive hedges, such as more or less and roughly, with semantics. Based on the predefined resemblance relation, hedges can be represented by some compact formulae whenever the linguistic term set is uniformed distributed or non-uniformed distributed. Then a corresponding multi criteria group decision making approach is supplied for potential application and illustrated by a problem of evaluating new energy technologies.
Tuning characteristics of femtosecond optical parametric oscillator with broadband chirped mirrors

Abstract. We present the investigation of a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO) based on beta barium borate (BBO) nonlinear crystal with broadband complementary chirped mirror pairs (CMPs). Three SPOPO cavity configurations with slightly different intracavity dispersion were explored. Dispersion properties of cavity mirrors were characterized using a white light interferometer and found to be the key factor determining the gap-free tuning range as well as simultaneous multiwavelength generation. The SPOPO is pumped by the second harmonic of a Yb:KGW oscillator and provides signal pulses tunable over a spectral range from 625 to 980 nm. Signal pulse duration ranges from 102 to 268 fs in various intracavity dispersion regimes. In addition, signal beam power in excess of 500 mW is demonstrated, corresponding to 27% conversion efficiency from pump to signal wave.
Clinical Validation of an Artificial Intelligence Model for Detecting Distal Radius, Ulnar Styloid, and Scaphoid Fractures on Conventional Wrist Radiographs

This study aimed to assess the feasibility and performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) model for detecting three common wrist fractures: distal radius, ulnar styloid process, and scaphoid. The AI model was trained with a dataset of 4432 images containing both fractured and non-fractured wrist images. In total, 593 subjects were included in the clinical test. Two human experts independently diagnosed and labeled the fracture sites using bounding boxes to build the ground truth. Two novice radiologists also performed the same task, both with and without model assistance. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated for each wrist location. The AUC for detecting distal radius, ulnar styloid, and scaphoid fractures per wrist were 0.903 (95% C.I. 0.887–0.918), 0.925 (95% C.I. 0.911–0.939), and 0.808 (95% C.I. 0.748–0.967), respectively. When assisted by the AI model, the scaphoid fracture AUC of the two novice radiologists significantly increased from 0.75 (95% C.I. 0.66–0.83) to 0.85 (95% C.I. 0.77–0.93) and from 0.71 (95% C.I. 0.62–0.80) to 0.80 (95% C.I. 0.71–0.88), respectively. Overall, the developed AI model was found to be reliable for detecting wrist fractures, particularly for scaphoid fractures, which are commonly missed.
Trophic Niche Partitioning between Sympatric Naja naja and Ptyas mucosa: Crowdsourced Data in Application to Community Ecology

Abstract. Spectacled Cobras (Naja naja) and Oriental Ratsnakes (Ptyas mucosa) frequently share habitats and presumably occupy a similar trophic niche. We present a dietary synopsis of both species as well as niche metrics based on feeding events retrieved from crowdsourced data. Our analysis suggests a high importance of ophiophagy in the diet of N. naja, which occasionally feeds on mammals and frogs, but rarely on other taxa. Ptyas mucosa preyed most frequently on frogs and occasionally on snakes and mammals. The relative importance of shared prey items was generally high and confirmed overlap of their trophic niches. Interspecific trophic competition could serve as a noninvasive conservation tool. In particular, adult N. naja may avoid areas in which size-equivalent or size-superior P. mucosa are present, potentially offering new perspectives on common conservation practices for this medically significant snake. Methodological biases because of low detection probability of subterranean predation events and a bias in ophiophagous events in data retrieved from social media cannot be ruled out. Two key issues need to be considered when using crowdsourced data to assess trophic niche partitioning: 1) choosing an appropriate level of prey identification as a base for meaningful comparison and 2) ensuring relative spatial homogeneity of data origins over the common range. When considering the trade-off between data quality and quantity for comparative analysis, crowdsourcing is a valuable but supplementary resource for studies of niche partitioning in sympatric species. The presented data expand the known dietary spectrum of both snake species by 42 previously unpublished trophic interactions.