Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Premating Isolation Is Determined by Larval Rearing Substrates in Cactophilic Drosophila mojavensis. IV. Correlated Responses in Behavioral Isolation to Artificial Selection on a Life‐History Trait

Studies of behavioral isolation among geographically isolated populations of Drosophila mojavensis have provided an understanding of incipient speciation wherein phylogeny and ecology play a prominent role. Populations of D. mojavensis in mainland Mexico and southern Arizona exhibit low but significant premating isolation from Baja California populations in laboratory mate choice tests. These same populations have undergone considerable life‐history evolution in response to use of different host plants, suggesting that behavioral isolation between populations is a pleiotropic consequence of adaptation to different environments, or Mayr's geographic speciation hypothesis. This hypothesis was tested using bidirectional artificial selection on egg‐to‐adult development time in replicate lines of a mainland and Baja population cultured on two host cacti for 13 generations. Response to selection was greatest in the slow lines cultured on one host, yet there was uneven response in some lines due to variation in cactus tissue quality. Realized heritabilities for development time ranged from 0.04 to 0.16, which is consistent with previous estimates from half‐sib/full‐sib analyses of genetic variation. In most lines that responded to selection, premating isolation decreased to near zero. Correlated responses in behavioral isolation suggest that adaptation to contrasting environments can cause secondary responses in mate recognition systems that can influence the formation of new species.
Commentary on Kemmerer: the challenges and rewards of trying to combine linguistics and cognitive neuroscience

Kemmerer’s target article points to the necessity of conducting cognitive neuroscience research cross-linguistically, particularly considering languages with nominal classification systems (Kemmerer, 2016). The particulars of focusing on this type of research points to a larger idea that needs emphasis: linguistics and cognitive neuroscience need to work together more in interdisciplinary teams to understand language, and its connection to the brain, fully. This type of collaboration, supported by Kemmerer (2016), has the potential to provide fruitful avenues for language research. We are currently working in one such collaboration, and there are several difficulties that can arise, likely leading to the current fragmentation of these two areas of language science. In the following sections, we will discuss some of these challenges in collaborating, ways to connect these two fields, and some tractable problems in which this methodology allows for exploration.
Optimum design of broadband coupled-line phase shifters incorporating impedance matching of source and load impedances

In this paper, the method of leas squares is used to the optimum design of the modified coupled-line phase shifter, which used the dissipation effect and dispersion relations of the microstrip coupled lines in their microwave circuit models. An error function is constructed based on the even- and odd-mode analysis, impedance, transmission and scattering matrices of the phase shifter, which is a frequency of its geometrical dimensions, such a widths, gaps and lengths of strips. The design procedure also incorporates the specified wide band source and load impedances. The minimization algorithm is used as the combination of the genetic algorithm and conjugate gradient method. Several examples of the coupled-line phase shifters are designed for some specifications and their performance are checked by the HFSS full-wave packages.
Bounds on the Complex Zeros of ( Di ) Chromatic Polynomials and Potts-Model Partition Functions

We show that there exist universal constants C(r) < ∞ such that, for all loopless graphs G of maximum degree 6 r, the zeros (real or complex) of the chromatic polynomial PG(q) lie in the disc |q| < C(r). Furthermore, C(r) 6 7.963907r. This result is a corollary of a more general result on the zeros of the Potts-model partition function ZG(q, {ve}) in the complex antiferromagnetic regime |1 + ve| 6 1. The proof is based on a transformation of the Whitney–Tutte–Fortuin–Kasteleyn representation of ZG(q, {ve}) to a polymer gas, followed by verification of the Dobrushin–Kotecký–Preiss condition for nonvanishing of a polymer-model partition function. We also show that, for all loopless graphs G of secondlargest degree 6 r, the zeros of PG(q) lie in the disc |q| < C(r) + 1. Along the way, I give a simple proof of a generalized (multivariate) Brown–Colbourn conjecture on the zeros of the reliability polynomial for the special case of series-parallel graphs.
Dietary guidance and ileal enteroendocrine cells in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

The enteroendocrine cells of the ileum are stimulated by the luminal contents to release specific hormones that regulate its functions. The density of ileal enteroendocrine cells is abnormal in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and the majority of patients with IBS associate their symptoms to the consumption of certain foodstuffs. The present study investigated the effect of dietary guidance on the enteroendocrine cells of the ileum in 11 patients with IBS. A total of 10 control subjects were also included. Each patient received three sessions of dietary guidance. Colonoscopies were performed on both controls and patients with IBS (at baseline and 3–9 months after the patients had received dietary guidance). Biopsy samples from the ileum were immunostained for all enteroendocrine cells and quantified by computerized image analysis. The densities of serotonin-immunoreactive cells in controls and in patients with IBS prior to and following dietary guidance were 35.5±5.7, 38.7±7.1 and 22.3±2.6 cells/mm2, respectively (mean ± standard error of the mean; P=0.046); the corresponding values for PYY-immunoreactive cells were 16.7±2.8, 20.2±5.1 and 21.3±2.7 cells/mm2 (P=0.86). These results suggest that changes in enteroendocrine cell densities in the ileum along with changes in enteroendocrine cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract may contribute to the improvement in IBS symptoms following dietary guidance.
Direction of arrival estimation for monostatic MIMO radar using reduced-dimension RISR algorithm

In this paper, the issue of direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for monostatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is investigated, and a new reduced-dimensional re-iterative superresolution (RD-RISR) algorithm for DOA estimation is proposed based upon a recursive implementation of minimum mean-square error (MMSE) framework. In the proposed algorithm, a reduced-dimensional matrix is employed to transform the data matrix into a low dimensional space. Afterwards, the DOA is estimated via the RISR algorithm. The proposed algorithm has the benefits of intrinsic determination of model order, enable "tracking" of sources with low sample support, and robustness to coherent sources such as can occur in multipath environments. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
That's Disgusting: The Role of Disgust in Nonprofit Marketing Campaigns

That’s Disgusting: The Role of Disgust in Nonprofit Marketing Campaigns Tyler N. King School of Communications, BYU Master of Arts Nonprofit organizations face a unique challenge in communicating their messages in a marketing saturated world. The author of this research studied how nonprofit organizations used fear, disgust and empathy in their marketing campaigns to see if the use of these emotions would have an effect on six different factors. The results of this study showed how the use of distress can be used to amplify the feelings people have when they see images that contain both fear and disgust.
Some Notes on the Kronecker Model

The so-called Kronecker model for a MIMO channel is very popular, not the least because of its mathematical tractability. However, it has also often been criticized for not being able to accurately predict real-world propagation scenarios. This paper attempts to provide more insights into the model, by formulating a necessary condition for the model to be true. Also, the difference between a narrowband Kronecker model and a Kronecker model per tap in a wideband model, is highlighted. It is shown that narrowband measurements are not sufficient to rule out the possibility of a tap-wise Kronecker structure in a wideband model.
Prevention and treatment of murine experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with T cell receptor V beta-specific antibodies

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a model system for T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Symptoms of EAE are similar to those of multiple sclerosis (MS) in humans. EAE is induced in susceptible animal strains by immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP) and potent adjuvant. The major T cell response to MBP in B10.PL mice is directed towards an NH2-terminal epitope and involves T cells expressing either V beta 8.2 or V beta 13 gene segments. Animals treated with a TCR V beta 8-specific mAb have a reduced incidence of EAE. We report here that the in vivo administration of a combination of anti-V beta 8.2 and anti-V beta 13 mAbs results in a long-term elimination of T cells involved in the response to MBP. When given before MBP immunization, anti-TCR antibody treatment leads to nearly complete protection against EAE. Antibody treatment also results in a dramatic reversal of paralysis in diseased animals. Thus, treatment with a combination of V beta-specific antibodies is a very effective therapy for the prevention and treatment of EAE. It is hoped that the future characterization of TCR V gene usage in human autoimmune diseases may lead to similar strategies of immune intervention.
Primal Dividing and Dual Pruning: Output-Sensitive Construction of 4-d Polytopes and 3-d Voronoi Diagrams

In this paper, we give an algorithm for output-sensitive construction of an f-face convex hull of a set of n points in general position in E 4. Our algorithm runs in O((n + f)log 2 f) time and uses O(n + f) space. This is the rst algorithm within a polylogarithmic factor of optimal O(n logf + f) time over the whole range of f. By a standard lifting map, we obtain output-sensitive algorithms for the Voronoi diagram or Delaunay triangulation in E 3 and for the portion of a Voronoi diagram that is clipped to a convex polytope. Our approach simpliies the \ultimate convex hull algorithm" of Kirkpatrick and Seidel in E 2 and also leads to improved output-sensitive results on constructing convex hulls in E d for any even constant d > 4.
Aggregate Profile Clustering for Telco Analytics

Many telco analytics require maintaining call profiles based on recent customer call patterns. Such call profiles are typically organized as aggregations computed at different time scales over the recent customer interactions. Customer call profiles are key inputs for analytics targeted at improving operations, marketing, and sales of telco providers. Many of these analytics require clustering customer call profiles, so that customers with similar calling patterns can be modeled as a group. Example applications include optimizing tariffs, customer segmentation, and usage forecasting. In this demo, we present our system for scalable aggregate profile clustering in a streaming setting. We focus on managing anonymized segments of customers for tariff optimization. Due to the large number of customers, maintaining profile clusters have high processing and memory resource requirements. In order to tackle this problem, we apply distributed stream processing. However, in the presence of distributed state, it is a major challenge to partition the profiles over machines (nodes) such that memory and computation balance is maintained, while keeping the clustering accuracy high. Furthermore, to adapt to potentially changing customer calling patterns, the partitioning of profiles to machines should be continuously revised, yet one should minimize the migration of profiles so as not to disturb the online processing of updates. We provide a re-partitioning technique that achieves all these goals. We keep micro-cluster summaries at each node, collect these summaries at a centralize node, and use a greedy algorithm with novel affinity heuristics to revise the partitioning. We present a demo that showcases our Storm and Hbase based implementation of the proposed solution in the context of a customer segmentation application.
System for matching paintings with music based on emotions

People experience various emotions when they interact with artistic content such as music and visual art in the form of paintings. Thus, painters and composers use features in music and paintings to influence people emotionally. An analysis of methods employed to create features to influence people using paintings and music indicated that people apparently do not find it difficult to understand artistic content. When people view paintings, listening to music that creates a mood similar to that portrayed by the paintings could be helpful to understand the painter's intention. In this work, we extract the emotions from music and paintings depending on their features. Based on these extracted emotions, the proposed system suggests the most appropriate music to accompany a given image, and vice versa. In addition, based on our algorithm, we developed a mobile application that could assist people to enjoy music and paintings emotionally.
Reconsidering 'spatial memory' and the Morris

The Morris water maze has been put forward in the philosophy of neuro- science as an example of an experimental arrangement that may be used to delineate the cognitive faculty of spatial memory (e.g., Craver and Darden, Theory and method in the neurosciences, University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, 2001 ; Craver, Explaining the brain: Mechanisms and the mosaic unity of neuroscience, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2007). However, in the experimental and review literature on the water maze throughout the history of its use, we encounter numerous responses to the question of "what" phenomenon it circumscribes ranging from cognitive functions (e.g., "spatial learning", "spatial navigation"), to representational changes (e.g., "cognitive map for- mation") to terms that appear to refer exclusively to observable changes in behavior (e.g., "water maze performance"). To date philosophical analyses of the water maze have not been directed at sorting out what phenomenon the device delineates nor the sources of the different answers to the question of what. I undertake both of these tasks in this paper. I begin with an analysis of Morris's first published research study using the water maze and demonstrate that he emerged from it with an experimental learning paradigm that at best circumscribed a discrete set of observable changes in behavior. However, it delineated neither a discrete set of representational changes nor a discrete cognitive function. I cite this in combination with a reductionist-oriented research agenda in cellular and molecular neurobiology dating back to the 1980s as two sources of the lack of consistency across the history of the experimental and review literature as to what is under study in the water maze.
Telexistence — from 1980 to 2012

Telexistence technology enables a highly realistic sensation of existence in a remote place without any actual travel. The concept was originally proposed by the first author in 1980, and its feasibility has been demonstrated through the construction of alter-ego robot systems such as TELESAR & TELESAR V, which were developed under the national large scale project on “Robots in Hazardous Environments” and the “CREST Haptic Telexistence Project. ” A mutual telexistence system, such as TELESAR II & IV, capable of generating the sensation of being in a remote place in local space using a combination of an alter-ego robot and retro-reflective projection technology (RPT), has been developed, and the feasibility of mutual telexistence has been demonstrated. Thirty-two years of telexistence development are historically reviewed in this jubilee video.
1 The Appraisal Factors and Evaluation of Emotional Design

The research probed into the problem of emotional design to examine the differences between directly evaluated overall scores and accumulated scores when evaluating the creative design by expert designers. By combining factors of challenge (C) and valuation (V) to the evaluation formula of Alessi, which included the factors of function (F), communication language (CL), and sense/memory/imaginary (SMI), five factors for evaluation were yielded. Correlation analysis revealed that there were significant relationships between direct scores and accumulated scores. Examined with linear regression analysis, it was discovered that the most significant factor in affecting direct scores was valuation. By applying the five factors as evaluation criteria, this research has successfully screened four creative designs from 74 works of students, which have been developed in an emotional design workshop, for exhibiting in the Taipei Int’l Furniture Show 2007 and Fiera Milano 2007 (That’s Design! Superstudio 13, Italy ).
Improved function and proliferation of adult human beta cells engrafted in diabetic immunodeficient NOD-scid IL2rγnull mice treated with alogliptin

Purpose Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are known to increase insulin secretion and beta cell proliferation in rodents. To investigate the effects on human beta cells in vivo, we utilize immunodeficient mice transplanted with human islets. The study goal was to determine the efficacy of alogliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, to enhance human beta cell function and proliferation in an in vivo context using diabetic immunodeficient mice engrafted with human pancreatic islets. Methods Streptozotocin-induced diabetic NOD-scid IL2rγnull (NSG) mice were transplanted with adult human islets in three separate trials. Transplanted mice were treated daily by gavage with alogliptin (30 mg/kg/day) or vehicle control. Islet graft function was compared using glucose tolerance tests and non-fasting plasma levels of human insulin and C-peptide; beta cell proliferation was determined by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Results Glucose tolerance tests were significantly improved by alogliptin treatment for mice transplanted with islets from two of the three human islet donors. Islet-engrafted mice treated with alogliptin also had significantly higher plasma levels of human insulin and C-peptide compared to vehicle controls. The percentage of insulin+BrdU+ cells in human islet grafts from alogliptin-treated mice was approximately 10-fold more than from vehicle control mice, consistent with a significant increase in human beta cell proliferation. Conclusion Human islet-engrafted immunodeficient mice treated with alogliptin show improved human insulin secretion and beta cell proliferation compared to control mice engrafted with the same donor islets. Immunodeficient mice transplanted with human islets provide a useful model to interrogate potential therapies to improve human islet function and survival in vivo.
CdtR Regulates TcdA and TcdB Production in Clostridium difficile

Clostridium difficile is a global health burden and the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea worldwide, causing severe gastrointestinal disease and death. Three well characterised toxins are encoded by this bacterium in two genetic loci, specifically, TcdB (toxin B) and TcdA (toxin A) in the Pathogenicity Locus (PaLoc) and binary toxin (CDT) in the genomically distinct CDT locus (CdtLoc). Toxin production is controlled by regulators specific to each locus. The orphan response regulator, CdtR, encoded within the CdtLoc, up-regulates CDT production. Until now there has been no suggestion that CdtR influences TcdA and TcdB production since it is not carried by all PaLoc-containing strains and CdtLoc is not linked genetically to PaLoc. Here we show that, in addition to CDT, CdtR regulates TcdA and TcdB production but that this effect is strain dependent. Of clinical relevance, CdtR increased the production of TcdA, TcdB and CDT in two epidemic ribotype 027 human strains, modulating their virulence in a mouse infection model. Strains traditionally from animal lineages, notably ribotype 078 strains, are increasingly being isolated from humans and their genetic and phenotypic analysis is critical for future studies on this important pathogen. Here we show that CdtR-mediated toxin regulation did not occur in other strain backgrounds, including a ribotype 078 animal strain. The finding that toxin gene regulation is strain dependent highlights the regulatory diversity between C. difficile isolates and the importance of studying virulence regulation in diverse lineages and clinically relevant strains. Our work provides the first evidence that TcdA, TcdB and CDT production is linked by a common regulatory mechanism and that CdtR may act as a global regulator of virulence in epidemic 027 strains.
The Cx43-like Connexin Protein Cx40.8 Is Differentially Localized during Fin Ontogeny and Fin Regeneration

Connexins (Cx) are the subunits of gap junctions, membraneous protein channels that permit the exchange of small molecules between adjacent cells. Cx43 is required for cell proliferation in the zebrafish caudal fin. Previously, we found that a Cx43-like connexin, cx40.8, is co-expressed with cx43 in the population of proliferating cells during fin regeneration. Here we demonstrate that Cx40.8 exhibits novel differential subcellular localization in vivo, depending on the growth status of the fin. During fin ontogeny, Cx40.8 is found at the plasma membrane, but Cx40.8 is retained in the Golgi apparatus during regeneration. We next identified a 30 amino acid domain of Cx40.8 responsible for its dynamic localization. One possible explanation for the differential localization is that Cx40.8 contributes to the regulation of Cx43 in vivo, perhaps modifying channel activity during ontogenetic growth. However, we find that the voltage-gating properties of Cx40.8 are similar to Cx43. Together our findings reveal that Cx40.8 exhibits differential subcellular localization in vivo, dependent on a discrete domain in its carboxy terminus. We suggest that the dynamic localization of Cx40.8 differentially influences Cx43-dependent cell proliferation during ontogeny and regeneration.