Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mating Systems of Single Families and Population Genetic Diversity of Endangered Ormosia hosiei in South China

Ormosia hosiei is a tree species native to China that has been extensively used for ornamental and furniture purposes due to its valued timber. The mating system has substantial impact on genetic diversity and structure of plant natural population. Such information should be considered when planning tree planting for forest restoration. Here we used 12 microsatellite markers and described the mating system of single families and the population genetic diversity of O. hosiei. A high level of genetic diversity was observed in both adults and progenies, although slight differences existed among populations and their progenies, with the expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.763 to 0.794. Overall, O. hosiei displayed a predominantly outcrossed mating. The estimate of multi-locus outcrossing rate (tm) was high with low variations among families, ranged from 0.997 to 1.000. The value of tm-ts, ranged from 0.000 to 0.139, indicated that biparental inbreeding occurred in progenies. Therefore, to obtain a reasonable genetic representation of native tree species and prevent problems associated with inbreeding depression, we suggested effective in situ conservation by replanting seedlings, but seedling production for restoration purposes may require a much larger sampling effort than is currently used. Moreover, it is necessary to conduct further multiple population and multi-year experiments to verify our conclusions.
An open mapping theorem for the Navier-Stokes equations

We consider the Navier-Stokes equations in the layer R^n x [0,T] over R^n with finite T > 0. Using the standard fundamental solutions of the Laplace operator and the heat operator, we reduce the Navier-Stokes equations to a nonlinear Fredholm equation of the form (I+K) u = f, where K is a compact continuous operator in anisotropic normed Holder spaces weighted at the point at infinity with respect to the space variables. Actually, the weight function is included to provide a finite energy estimate for solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations for all t in [0,T]. On using the particular properties of the de Rham complex we conclude that the Frechet derivative (I+K)' is continuously invertible at each point of the Banach space under consideration and the map I+K is open and injective in the space. In this way the Navier-Stokes equations prove to induce an open one-to-one mapping in the scale of Holder spaces.
Appendix for: Boosting Targeted Adversarial Transferability via Hierarchical Generative Networks

– Compute the RBF kernel matrix L of φcls and eigendecomposition of L. – A random subset V of the eigenvectors is chosen by regarding the eigenvalues as sampling probability. – Select a new class ci to add to the set and update V in a manner that de-emphaseizes items similar to the one selected. – Update V by Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization, and the distribution shifts to avoid points near those already chosen.
2 Response to the referee 2 . 1 General comments

This paper proposes partially linear models with random errors following p-order autoregressive (AR) with skew-normal errors. The maximum likelihood estimators are derived from the Expectation-Maximization algorithm, which have analytic expressions for the M and E-steps. The estimation of the effective degrees of freedom concerning the nonparametric component are obtained based on a linear smoother. The conditional quantile residuals are used for the construction of simulated confidence bands to assess departures from the error assumptions, as well as autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation graphs are considered to check adequacy of the AR error structure. A simulation study is carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the EM algorithm. Finally, the methodology is illustrated by a real data set on cardiovascular mortality.
UR-FUNNY: A Multimodal Language Dataset for Understanding Humor

Humor is a unique and creative communicative behavior often displayed during social interactions. It is produced in a multimodal manner, through the usage of words (text), gestures (visual) and prosodic cues (acoustic). Understanding humor from these three modalities falls within boundaries of multimodal language; a recent research trend in natural language processing that models natural language as it happens in face-to-face communication. Although humor detection is an established research area in NLP, in a multimodal context it has been understudied. This paper presents a diverse multimodal dataset, called UR-FUNNY, to open the door to understanding multimodal language used in expressing humor. The dataset and accompanying studies, present a framework in multimodal humor detection for the natural language processing community. UR-FUNNY is publicly available for research.
Cosmological constraints from Planck galaxy clusters with CMB lensing mass bias calibration

We present a new cosmological analysis of the galaxy clusters in the Planck MMF3 cosmology sample with a cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing calibration of the cluster masses. As demonstrated by Planck, galaxy clusters detected via the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect offer a powerful way to constrain cosmological parameters such as Ωm and σ8. Determining the absolute cluster mass scale is, however, difficult, and some recent calibrations have yielded cosmological constraints in apparent tension with constraints in the ΛCDM model derived from the power spectra of the primary CMB anisotropies. In order to calibrate the absolute mass scale of the full Planck cluster sample, we remeasure the masses of all 433 clusters through their weak lensing signature in the CMB temperature anisotropies as measured by Planck. We perform a joint Bayesian analysis of the cluster counts and masses taking as input the estimated cluster masses, SZ signal-to-noise ratios, and redshifts. Our analysis properly accounts for selection effects in the construction of the cluster sample. We find σ8(Ωm/0.33)0.25 = 0.765 ± 0.035 and $1-b_{\rm {SZ}} = 0.71 \pm 0.10$, where the mass bias factor $1-b_{\rm {SZ}}$ relates cluster mass to the SZ mass that appears in the X-ray-calibrated cluster scaling relations. We find no evidence for tension with the Planck primary CMB constraints on ΛCDM model parameters.
Domain wall model in the galactic Bose-Einstein condensate halo

We assume that the galactic dark matter halo, considered composed of an axionlike particles Bose-Einstein condensate [1], can present topological defects, namely domain walls, arising as the dark soliton solution for the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in a self-graviting potential. We investigate the influence that such substructures would have in the gravitational interactions within a galaxy. We find that, for the simple domain wall model proposed, the effects are too small to be identified, either by means of a local measurement of the gradient of the gravitational field or by analysing galaxy rotation curves. In the first case, the gradient of the gravitational field in the vicinity of the domain wall would be 10−31 (m/s2)/m. In the second case, the ratio of the tangential velocity correction of a star due to the presence of the domain wall to the velocity in the spherical symmetric case would be 10−8.
Abiotic and Landscape Factors Constrain Restoration Outcomes Across Spatial Scales of a Widespread Invasive Plant

The natural recolonization of native plant communities following invasive species management is notoriously challenging to predict, since outcomes can be contingent on a variety of factors including management decisions, abiotic factors, and landscape setting. The spatial scale at which the treatment is applied can also impact management outcomes, potentially influencing plant assembly processes and treatment success. Understanding the relative importance of each of these factors for plant community assembly can help managers prioritize patches where specific treatments are likely to be most successful. Here, using effects size analyses, we evaluate plant community responses following four invasive Phragmites australis management treatments (1: fall glyphosate herbicide spray, 2: summer glyphosate herbicide spray, 3: summer imazapyr herbicide spray, 4: untreated control) applied at two patch scales (12,000 m2 and 1,000 m2) and monitored for 5 years. Using variation partitioning, we then evaluated the independent and shared influence of patch scale, treatment type, abiotic factors, and landscape factors on plant community outcomes following herbicide treatments. We found that Phragmites reinvaded more quickly in large patches, particularly following summer herbicide treatments, while native plant cover and richness increased at a greater magnitude in small patches than large. Patch scale, in combination with abiotic and landscape factors, was the most important driver for most plant responses. Compared with the small plots, large patches commonly had deeper and more prolonged flooding, and were in areas with greater hydrologic disturbance in the landscape, factors associated with reduced native plant recruitment and greater Phragmites cover. Small patches were associated with less flooding and landscape disturbance, and more native plants in the surrounding landscape than large patches, factors which promoted higher native plant conservation values and greater native plant cover and richness. Herbicide type and timing accounted for very little of the variation in native plant recovery, emphasizing the greater importance of patch selection for better management outcomes. To maximize the success of treatment programs, practitioners should first manage Phragmites patches adjacent to native plant species and in areas with minimal hydrologic disturbance.
Three scenarios for continual learning

Standard artificial neural networks suffer from the well-known issue of catastrophic forgetting, making continual or lifelong learning difficult for machine learning. In recent years, numerous methods have been proposed for continual learning, but due to differences in evaluation protocols it is difficult to directly compare their performance. To enable more structured comparisons, we describe three continual learning scenarios based on whether at test time task identity is provided and--in case it is not--whether it must be inferred. Any sequence of well-defined tasks can be performed according to each scenario. Using the split and permuted MNIST task protocols, for each scenario we carry out an extensive comparison of recently proposed continual learning methods. We demonstrate substantial differences between the three scenarios in terms of difficulty and in terms of how efficient different methods are. In particular, when task identity must be inferred (i.e., class incremental learning), we find that regularization-based approaches (e.g., elastic weight consolidation) fail and that replaying representations of previous experiences seems required for solving this scenario.
KAM Theorem with Normal Frequencies of Finite Limit‐Points for Some Shallow Water Equations

By constructing an infinite‐dimensional KAM theorem of the normal frequencies being dense at a finite point, we show that some shallow water equations such as the Benjamin‐Bona‐Mahony equation and the generalized d‐dimensional Pochhammer‐Chree equation subject to some boundary conditions possess many (a family of initial values of positive Lebesgue measure of finite dimension) smooth solutions that are quasi‐periodic in time . © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Multiomic analysis reveals microbiome-related relationships between cocaine use and metabolites

Objective: Over 19 million individuals globally have a cocaine use disorder, a significant public health crisis. Cocaine has also been associated with a pro-inflammatory state and recently with imbalances in the intestinal microbiota as compared to nonuse. The objective of this pilot study was to characterize the gut microbiota and plasma metabolites in people with HIV (PWH) who use cocaine compared with those who do not. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A pilot study in PWH was conducted on 25 cocaine users and 25 cocaine nonusers from the Miami Adult Studies on HIV cohort. Stool samples and blood plasma were collected. Bacterial composition was characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing. Metabolomics in plasma were determined using gas and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results: The relative abundances of the Lachnopspira genus, Oscillospira genus, Bifidobacterium adolescentis species, and Euryarchaeota phylum were significantly higher in the cocaine- using PWH compared to cocaine-nonusing PWH. Cocaine-use was associated with higher levels of several metabolites: products of dopamine catabolism (3-methoxytyrosine and 3-methoxytyramine sulfate), phenylacetate, benzoate, butyrate, and butyrylglycine. Conclusions: Cocaine use was associated with higher abundances of taxa and metabolites known to be associated with pathogenic states that include gastrointestinal conditions. Understanding key intestinal bacterial functional pathways that are altered due to cocaine use in PWH will provide a better understanding of the relationships between the host intestinal microbiome and potentially provide novel treatments to improve health.
Diversity among Lasiodiplodia Species Causing Dieback, Root Rot and Leaf Spot on Fruit Trees in Egypt, and a Description of Lasiodiplodia newvalleyensis sp. nov.

Lasiodiplodia (family Botryosphaeriaceae) is a widely distributed fungal genus that causes a variety of diseases in tropical and subtropical regions. During 2020–2021, a routine survey of fruit tree plants was conducted in five Egyptian Governorates, and fresh samples exhibiting dieback, decline, leaf spot and root rot symptoms were collected. Collection from eight different symptomatic leaves, twigs, branches and roots of fruit trees yielded 18 Lasiodiplodia-like isolates. The sequencing data from the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-a) and β-tubulin (tub2) were used to infer phylogenetic relationships with known Lasiodiplodia species. Two isolates obtained from black necrotic lesions on Phoenix dactylifera leaves were identified as a putative novel species, L. newvalleyensis sp. nov., and were thus subjected to further morphological characterization. The results of isolation and molecular characterization revealed that L. theobromae (n = 9) was the most common species on Mangifera indica, Citrus reticulata, C. sinensis, Ficus carica, Prunus persica, Prunus armeniaca and Pyrus communis trees. Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae (n = 5) was isolated from M. indica, Prunus persica and C. sinensis. Lasiodiplodia laeliocattleyae (n = 2) was isolated from C. reticulata. Pathogenicity test results suggested that all Lasiodiplodia species were pathogenic to their hosts. The present study is considered the first to characterize and decipher the diversity of Lasiodiplodia species associated with fruit trees in Egypt, using the multi-locus ITS, tef1-a and tub2 sequence data, along with morphological and pathogenic trials. To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. newvalleyensis on Phoenix dactylifera and L. laeliocattleya on C. reticulata in Egypt and worldwide.
Heavy-Quarkonium Potential from Lattice Gluon Propagator

The study of heavy quarks is of great interest for the search of physics beyond the Standard Model and the understanding of nonperturbative aspects of QCD. One of the early attempts to study these systems was the potential model approach. The Cornell potential is perhaps the most successful of these potentials. However, the use of perturbation theory in its building process implies that it is unable to model confinement without the ad-hoc addition of a linear term. In this paper, we modify the Cornell potential by using a (nonperturbative) lattice gluon propagator. This approach allowed us to verify that the use of perturbation theory washes away confinement. We were able to use this modified potential in the Schrödinger equation to obtain numerically the spectrum of heavy quarkonia (charmonium and bottomonium). We use the Cornell-potential spectrum as a benchmark of our potential. The result shows that our potential was able to describe better the spin-average of the experimental states than the Cornell potential. We also computed interquark distances for the quarkonia states.
Focus Is All You Need: Loss Functions for Event-Based Vision

Event cameras are novel vision sensors that output pixel-level brightness changes ("events") instead of traditional video frames. These asynchronous sensors offer several advantages over traditional cameras, such as, high temporal resolution, very high dynamic range, and no motion blur. To unlock the potential of such sensors, motion compensation methods have been recently proposed. We present a collection and taxonomy of twenty two objective functions to analyze event alignment in motion compensation approaches. We call them focus loss functions since they have strong connections with functions used in traditional shape-from-focus applications. The proposed loss functions allow bringing mature computer vision tools to the realm of event cameras. We compare the accuracy and runtime performance of all loss functions on a publicly available dataset, and conclude that the variance, the gradient and the Laplacian magnitudes are among the best loss functions. The applicability of the loss functions is shown on multiple tasks: rotational motion, depth and optical flow estimation. The proposed focus loss functions allow to unlock the outstanding properties of event cameras.
SPATIALLY RESOLVED NONTHERMAL LINE BROADENING DURING THE IMPULSIVE PHASE OF A SOLAR FLARE

This paper presents a detailed study of excess line broadening in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission lines during the impulsive phase of a C-class solar flare. In this work, which utilizes data from the EUV Imaging Spectrometer on board Hinode, the broadened line profiles were observed to be cospatial with the two hard X-ray footpoints as observed by RHESSI. By plotting the derived nonthermal velocity for each pixel within the Fe xv and Fe xvi rasters against its corresponding Doppler velocity a strong correlation (|r| > 0.59) was found between the two parameters for one of the footpoints. This suggested that the excess broadening at these temperatures is due to a superposition of flows (turbulence), presumably as a result of chromospheric evaporation due to nonthermal electrons. Also presented are diagnostics of electron densities using five pairs of density-sensitive line ratios. Density maps derived using the Mg vii and Si x line pairs showed no appreciable increase in electron density at the footpoints, whereas the Fe xii, Fe xiii, and Fe xiv line pairs revealed densities approaching 1011.5 cm−3. Using this information, the nonthermal velocities derived from the widths of the two Fe xiv lines were plotted against their corresponding density values derived from their ratio. This showed that pixels with large nonthermal velocities were associated with pixels of moderately higher densities. This suggests that nonthermal broadening at these temperatures may have been due to enhanced densities at the footpoints, although estimates of the amount of opacity broadening and pressure broadening appeared to be negligible.
Wealth Inequality, Growth and Openness – A Dynamic Panel Analysis

This study investigates how trade openness and financial openness influence wealth inequality by considering heterogeneity across transitional and developed countries in South and South-East Asia by employing dynamic panel data model with World Inequality Database (WID) and World Development Indicators of the World Bank over the period 1990 to 2000 . We regress wealth inequality index on trade openness index, financial openness index, GDP, proportion of working age population and urbanisation in a dynamic panel setup . T he study observes that t rade openness reduces wealth inequality while financial openness increases it. Economic growth aggravates inequality, but urbanisation helps to reduce inequality for the full sample of countries. This empirical result can be explained by looking into the conditions in the labour markets by following the Stolper-Samuelson theorem.
Phytochemicals in the Prevention and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2—Clinical Evidence

The first case of SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in December 2019. Due to the rapid spread of the disease and the lack of adequate therapy, the use of plants that have a long history in the treatment of viral infections has often been considered. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief review of the literature on the use of phytochemicals during the new pandemic. An extensive search of published works was performed through platforms Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science and Clinicaltrials.gov. Numerous preclinical studies on the use of phytochemicals (quercetin, curcumin, baicalin, kaempferol, resveratrol, glycyrrhizin, lycorine, colchicine) against SARS-CoV-2 have shown that these components can be effective in the prevention and treatment of this infection. Clinical research has proven that the use of black cumin and green propolis as well as quercetin has positive effects. As for other phytochemicals, in addition to preclinical testing which has already been carried out, it would be necessary to conduct clinical tests in order to assert their effectiveness. For those phytochemicals whose clinical efficacy has been proven, it would be necessary to conduct research on a larger number of patients, so that the conclusions are more representative.
On a connection between the Maxwell system, the extended Maxwell system, the Dirac operator and gravito‐electromagnetism

The close connection between Maxwell's equations and the Dirac equation is under consideration in a rigorous functional analytical framework. The two systems are linked via the so‐called extended Maxwell system Picard R. A structural observation for linear material laws in classical mathematical physics. Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 2009;32(14):1768–1803, which is here re‐considered in the time‐dependent case as an evolutionary space‐time operator equation. This structural observation is then applied to recover and generalize the equations of gravito‐electromagnetism and to reformulate theMaxwell‐Dirac system as a system of three coupled extended Maxwell systems. This reformulation rests on the observation that what in electrodynamics is commonly known as ‘potential’ is actually a solution to another extended Maxwell system. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AS THE MEDIATOR BETWEEN RELIABILITY, RESPONSIVENESS, ASSURANCE AND CUSTOMER LOYALTY AMONG MOBILE PHONE USERS IN NIGERIA'S TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY

The survey study was based on sample of mobile phone users in Enugu metropolitan city in South Eastern Nigeria. The respondents were randomly chosen from the four mobile operators in Nigeria (MTN, GLO, Airtel and 9mobile). Respondents must have used the mobile service for at least one year in other to participate in the survey. Out of the total 300 copies of distributed questionnaires, 250 were found useable in the final analysis, which accounted for 83% response rate. All the items were modified to suit the context of the current study. It was found that reliability of a telecom provider has the greatest effect on satisfaction which is statistically significant. Surprisingly responsiveness showed a negative relationship with loyalty, which indicated that responsiveness of a network provider has no statistical effect on customer loyalty. Implications on theory and practice are discussed.
Effective computation of SO(3) and O(3) linear
representation symmetry classes

We propose a general algorithm to compute all the symmetry classes of any $\mathrm{SO}(3)$ or $\mathrm{O}(3)$ linear representation. This method relies on the introduction of a binary operator between sets of conjugacy classes of closed subgroups, called the clips. We compute explicit tables for this operation which allows to solve definitively the problem.