Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-contact impedance sensor

This paper discusses the non-contact impedance sensor that can measure the mass, viscosity and stiffness on environment. The developed sensor is composed of a laser displacement sensor and air force supply nozzle. The application of the developed sensor is human internal organs, skin, foods, and industrial products. We show the design based on the patent (2002-329145) and explain the expected market.
Anthracyclines: Molecular Advances and Pharmacologic Developments in Antitumor Activity and Cardiotoxicity

The clinical use of anthracyclines like doxorubicin and daunorubicin can be viewed as a sort of double-edged sword. On the one hand, anthracyclines play an undisputed key role in the treatment of many neoplastic diseases; on the other hand, chronic administration of anthracyclines induces cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure usually refractory to common medications. Second-generation analogs like epirubicin or idarubicin exhibit improvements in their therapeutic index, but the risk of inducing cardiomyopathy is not abated. It is because of their janus behavior (activity in tumors vis-à-vis toxicity in cardiomyocytes) that anthracyclines continue to attract the interest of preclinical and clinical investigations despite their longer-than-40-year record of longevity. Here we review recent progresses that may serve as a framework for reappraising the activity and toxicity of anthracyclines on basic and clinical pharmacology grounds. We review 1) new aspects of anthracycline-induced DNA damage in cancer cells; 2) the role of iron and free radicals as causative factors of apoptosis or other forms of cardiac damage; 3) molecular mechanisms of cardiotoxic synergism between anthracyclines and other anticancer agents; 4) the pharmacologic rationale and clinical recommendations for using cardioprotectants while not interfering with tumor response; 5) the development of tumor-targeted anthracycline formulations; and 6) the designing of third-generation analogs and their assessment in preclinical or clinical settings. An overview of these issues confirms that anthracyclines remain “evergreen” drugs with broad clinical indications but have still an improvable therapeutic index.
Morphological Segmentation and OPUS for Finnish-English Machine Translation

This paper describes baseline systems for Finnish-English and English-Finnish machine translation using standard phrasebased and factored models including morphological features. We experiment with compound splitting and morphological segmentation and study the effect of adding noisy out-of-domain data to the parallel and the monolingual training data. Our results stress the importance of training data and demonstrate the effectiveness of morphological pre-processing of Finnish.
Gout, genetics and ABC transporters

Gout is a chronic arthritic disease associated with high levels of urate in blood. Recent advances in research have permitted the identification of several new and common genetic factors underlying the disease. Among them, a polymorphism in the ABC transporter gene ATP-binding cassette transporter isoform G2 has been highlighted. ATP-binding cassette transporter isoform G2 was found to be involved in renal urate elimination, and the presence of the Q141K polymorphism to induce a 2-fold decrease in urate efflux. The Q141K variant has been shown to have impaired trafficking, leading to its intracellular retention, whereas the wild type protein is expressed on the cell surface. Several agents are being studied for the purpose of improving folding, trafficking and function of various ABC transporters, including ATP-binding cassette transporter isoform G2. If successful, this strategy opens doors to potential new therapies for gout.
The Scottish computed tomography of the heart ( SCOT-HEART ) trial : study protocol for randomized controlled trial

Background: Rapid access chest pain clinics have facilitated the early diagnosis and treatment of patients with coronary heart disease and angina. Despite this important service provision, coronary heart disease continues to be under-diagnosed and many patients are left untreated and at risk. Recent advances in imaging technology have now led to the widespread use of noninvasive computed tomography, which can be used to measure coronary artery calcium scores and perform coronary angiography in one examination. However, this technology has not been robustly evaluated in its application to the clinic. (Continued on next page) * Correspondence: michelle.williams@ed.ac. uk University of Edinburgh/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 SU4, UK Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © 2012 Newby et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Newby et al. Trials 2012, 13:184 Page 2 of 13 http://www.trialsjournal. com/content/13/1/184 (Continued from previous page) Methods/design: The SCOT-HEART study is an open parallel group prospective multicentre randomized controlled trial of 4,138 patients attending the rapid access chest pain clinic for evaluation of suspected cardiac chest pain. Following clinical consultation, participants will be approached and randomized 1:1 to receive standard care or standard care plus ≥64-multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography and coronary calcium score. Randomization will be conducted using a web-based system to ensure allocation concealment and will incorporate minimization. The primary endpoint of the study will be the proportion of patients diagnosed with angina pectoris secondary to coronary heart disease at 6 weeks. Secondary endpoints will include the assessment of subsequent symptoms, diagnosis, investigation and treatment. In addition, long-term health outcomes, safety endpoints, such as radiation dose, and health economic endpoints will be assessed. Assuming a clinic rate of 27.0% for the diagnosis of angina pectoris due to coronary heart disease, we will need to recruit 2,069 patients per group to detect an absolute increase of 4.0% in the rate of diagnosis at 80% power and a two-sided P value of 0.05. The SCOT-HEART study is currently recruiting participants and expects to report in 2014. Discussion: This is the first study to look at the implementation of computed tomography in the patient care pathway that is outcome focused. This study will have major implications for the management of patients with cardiovascular disease. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01149590
Ensemble Quantum Computing by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

A quantum computer is a machine which can operate in parallel on all its possible inputs at once, and can be programmed much like a conventional digital computer. It is based on the fact that the number of degrees of freedom in a collection of coupled two-state quantum systems grows exponentially with the number of systems. A major problem with quantum computers is that the amount of information that can be extracted from a quantum system is extremely limited, because the act of measurement irreversibly alters the state of the system. This phenomenon, known aswave function collapse , severely restricts the range of problems that can be solved on a quantum computer. We present a new computational model, which differs from a quantum computer only in that the result of measuring an observable is theexpectation value of the observable, rather than a random eigenvalue thereof. We show that such an expectation value quantum computer can solve NP-complete problems in polynomial time, by showing that it can solve the satisfiability problem in linear time. This abstract computational model can be realized, to a certain extent, by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy on macroscopic ensembles of quantum spins, namely molecules in a test tube. This is made possible by identifying a manifold of statistical spin states, called pseudo-pure states , whose mathematical description is isomorphic to that of an isolated spin system. The result is a novel NMR computer which can be programmed much like a quantum computer, but in other respects more closely resembles a DNA computer. Most notably, when applied to intractable combinatorial problems an NMR computer can use an amount of sample, rather than time, which grows exponentially with the size of the problem. Although NMR computers will be limited by current technology to exhaustive searches over only 15 to 20 bits, searches over as much as 50 bits are in principle possible, and more advanced algorithms could greatly extend the range of applicability of such machines.
SPLITTING METHODS FOR DECISION TREE INDUCTION:A COMPARISON OF TWO FAMILIES

Decision tree (DT) induction is among the more popular of the data mining techniques. An important component of DT induction algorithms is the splitting method, with the most commonly used method being based on the conditional entropy family. However, it is well known that there is no single splitting method that will give the best performance for all problem instances. In this paper we explore the relative performance Conditional Entropy family and another family that is based on the Class-Attribute Mutual Information (CAMI) measure. Our results suggest that while some datasets are insensitive to the choice of splitting methods, other datasets are very sensitive to the choice of splitting methods. For example, some of the CAMI family methods may be more appropriate than GainRatio (GR) for datasets where all non-class attributes are nominal; some of the CAMI methods perform as well as GR for datasets where all the non-class attributes are either integer or continuous. Given the fact that it is never known beforehand which splitting method will lead to the best DT for the given dataset, and given the relatively good performance of the CAMI methods, it seems appropriate to suggest that splitting methods from the CAMI family should be included in data mining toolsets.
Traceability of elastic parameters in elastography — A feasibility study

Elastography is a developing imaging modality which can obtain the elastic property of the soft tissue. For its great potential clinical value, many elastographic algorithms and systems are developed by research groups and then applied in the clinical cases. In elastography, the Young's modulus is the instinct quantity of the soft tissue and the corresponding parameters are expected to be traceable to the standard quantity. This process is the verification /calibration and is the need of the quality control. This paper attempted to simulate the transfer standards and study the feasibility of metrology in elastography. Several standard phantoms with known elastic properties were established as transfer standards, then the elastograms were obtained by certain imaging algorithm. The elastic quantity was extracted from the elastogram and then compared with the standard value. The results showed that 1D (layered structure) model had the better contrast transfer efficiency than the 2D model, and the former might be an appropriate structure for the standard phantom used for quantity transfer in metrology.
Workplace bullying laws in Australia

Workplace bullying remains a substantial problem in many developed countries. It is estimated to cost the Australian economy over AUD$6 billion annually, the Irish economy at least €3 billion and the US around US$300 billion. In 2012 the Australian Government established a parliamentary inquiry into workplace bullying that resulted in the creation of a specific bullying jurisdiction within the Fair Work Commission to deal with the issue. This paper provides an overview and critical analysis of the new jurisdiction, comparing it to approaches in Europe and the United States. The paper argues for the adoption of stricter penalties, including criminal sanctions with considerable fines and uncapped compensation, as the most effective deterrent to toxic workplace cultures.
Allocation équitable de tâches pour l'analyse de données massives

De nombreuses entreprises utilisent l'application MapReduce pour le traitement de donnees massives. L'optimisation statique de telles applications est complexe car elles reposent sur des operations definies par l'utilisateur, appelees map et reduce, ce qui empeche une optimisation algebrique. Afin d'optimiser l'allocation des tâches, plusieurs systemes collectent des donnees a partir des executions precedentes et predisent les performances en faisant une analyse de la tâche. Cependant, ces systemes ne sont pas efficaces durant la phase d'apprentissage ou lorsqu'un nouveau type de tâches ou de donnees apparait. Dans ce papier, nous presentons un systeme multi-agents adaptatif pour l'analyse de donnees massives avec MapReduce. Nous ne pre-traitons pas les donnees et adoptons une approche dynamique ou les agents reducers interagissent durant l'execution. Nous proposons une re-allocation des tâches basee sur la negociation pour parvenir a faire decroitre la charge de travail du plus charge des agents reducers et ainsi reduire le temps d'execution.
A Self-Consistent Full 3-D Real-Space NEGF Simulator for Studying Nonperturbative Effects in Nano-MOSFETs

In this paper, we present a full 3-D real-space quantum-transport simulator based on the Green's function formalism developed to study nonperturbative effects in ballistic nanotransistors. The nonequilibrium Green function (NEGF) equations in the effective mass approximation are discretized using the control-volume approach and solved self-consistently with the Poisson equation in order to obtain the electron and current densities. An efficient recursive algorithm is used in order to avoid the computation of the full Green function matrix. This algorithm, and the parallelization scheme used for the energy cycle, allow us to compute very efficiently the current-voltage characteristic without the simplifying assumptions often used in other quantum-transport simulations. We have applied our simulator to study the effect of surface roughness and stray charge on the ID-VG characteristic of a 6-nm Si-nanowire transistor. The results highlight the distinctly 3-D character of the electron transport, which cannot be accurately captured by using 1-D and 2-D NEGF simulations, or 3-D mode-space approximations.
Total Replacement of Sodium Selenite by Selenium Yeast Reduces non Prime Cuts Yields in Male Broilers

The objective of this study was to evaluate carcass traits, yield and meat quality of broiler s supplemented with organic selenium (selenium yeast) in total replacement to sodium selenite in the diets. A total of 704 male Cobb chicks, one day old, were randomly allotted in 32 boxes, which one with 22 animals, in a total of 16 replicates per treatment. The diets were formulated based on corn and soybean meal and different sources of selenium. The treatments consisted of selenium in the inorganic form (sodium selenite, SS) and in an organic form (selenium yeast, SY) supplementation. At 42 days old, 64 birds per treatment were slaughtered and carcass traits, yields and meat quality were evaluated. SY group showed lower back yield in comparison with SS group. Breast yield was slighted higher in SY group, however, no statisti c differences were found. Meat quality and traits were not influenced by dietary treatments. Total replacement of sodium selenite by selenium yeast in broilers diets reduces back yields, a non prime cut in chicke n carcass. Sodium selenite can be totally replaced by selenium yeast without affecting broiler meat quality and traits.
Possible Role of CDC 55 in the DNA Replication Checkpoint

Genomic stability is crucial for normal cell growth. Upon DNA damage or replication stress, checkpoint pathways are activated to ensure that the genetic information is well-maintained before being passed down to the next generation. The research on this field is important for cancer research because most cancers are caused by genomic unstable cell proliferation. Previous experiments in our lab have shown that ∆cdc55 mutant is sensitive to chronic HU treatment. Thus, Cdc55p has a possible role in response to DNA replication stress. The aim of this project is to further understand the basis of the HU-sensitivity in the ∆cdc55 mutant. This is done by examining the mutant’s response to acute and chronic replication stress, looking at the Rad53 phosphorylation status as an indicator of the checkpoint activation, and using PulsedField Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) to detect any replication delay. The ∆cdc55 mutant is found to have no decreased viability under acute HU exposure. Western blotting and PFGE also show that the deletion of cdc55 did not affect much of the Rad53 phosphorylation and the chromosomal replication. Further studies are required to gain a better insight on the role of CDC55 in chromosome dynamics. (198 words)
Non-self-embedding grammars and descriptional complexity

Non-self-embedding grammars are a subclass of context-free grammars which only generate regular languages. The size costs of the conversion of non-self-embedding grammars into equivalent finite automata are studied, by proving optimal bounds for the number of states of nondeterministic and deterministic automata equivalent to given non-self-embedding grammars. In particular, each non-self-embedding grammar of size s can be converted into an equivalent nondeterministic automaton which has an exponential size in s and into an equivalent deterministic automaton which has a double exponential size in s. These costs are shown to be optimal. Moreover, they do not change if the larger class of quasi-non-self-embedding grammars, which still generate only regular languages, is considered. In the case of letter bounded languages, the cost of the conversion of non-self-embedding grammars and quasi-non-self-embedding grammars into deterministic automata reduces to an exponential of a polynomial in s.
A Huygens principle for diffusion and anomalous diffusion in spatially extended systems

We present a universal view on diffusive behavior in chaotic spatially extended systems for anisotropic and isotropic media. For anisotropic systems, strong chaos leads to diffusive behavior (Brownian motion with drift) and weak chaos leads to superdiffusive behavior (Lévy processes with drift). For isotropic systems, the drift term vanishes and strong chaos again leads to Brownian motion. We establish the existence of a nonlinear Huygens principle for weakly chaotic systems in isotropic media whereby the dynamics behaves diffusively in even space dimension and exhibits superdiffusive behavior in odd space dimensions.
Spectral analysis of cell-graphs of cancer

In this paper, we investigate the properties of the cell-graphs by using the spectral graph theory. The spectral analysis is performed on (i) the adjacency matrix of a cell-graph, and (ii) the normalized Laplacian of the cell-graph. We show that the spectra of the cell-graphs of cancerous tissues are unique and the features extracted from these spectra distinguish the cancerous (malignant glioma) tissues from the healthy and benign reactive/inflammatory processes. Our experiments on 646 brain biopsy samples of 60 different patients demonstrate that by using spectral features defined on the normalized Laplacian of the graph, we achieve 100% accuracy in the classification of cancerous and healthy tissues. In the classification of cancerous and benign tissues, our experiments yield 92% and 89% accuracy on the testing set for the cancerous and benign tissues. We also analyze graph spectra to identify the distinctive spectral features of the cancerous tissues to conclude that (i) the features representing the cellular density are the most distinctive features to distinguish the cancerous and healthy tissues, (ii) and the number of the eigenvalues in the normalized Laplacian spectrum that have a value of 0 is the most distinctive feature to distinguish the cancerous and benign tissues. ∗ Present address: Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Pathology, Portland, OR. Technical report, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Computer Science, TR-04-17.
Climate and the northern distribution limits of Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

The southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, is among the most important agents of ecological disturbance and economic loss in forests of the south‐eastern United States. We combined physiological measurements of insect temperature responses with climatic analyses to test the role of temperature in determining the northern distribution limits of D. frontalis. Laboratory measurements of lower lethal temperatures and published records of mortality in wild populations indicated that air temperatures of −16° should result in almost 100% mortality of D. frontalis. The distribution limits for D. frontalis approximate the isoline corresponding to an annual probability of 0.90 of reaching ≤−16 °C. Thus, D. frontalis have been found about as far north as they could possibly occur given winter temperature regimes. At latitudes from 39° N (southern Ohio) to 33° N (central Alabama), winter temperatures must exert high mortality on D. frontalis populations in at least one year out of ten. In contrast, we reject the hypotheses that summer temperatures or the distribution of host trees constrain the northern distribution of D. frontalis. Because of the short generation time of D. frontalis, its high dispersal abilities, and the cosmopolitan distribution of suitable host trees, changes in either the mean or variance of minimum annual temperatures could have almost immediate effects on regional patterns of beetle infestations. We estimate that an increase of 3 °C in minimum annual temperature could extend the northern distribution limits by 170 km. Increases or decreases in the variance of minimum annual temperatures would further relax climatic constraints on the northern distribution limits of D. frontalis. Results emphasize the ecological importance of spatial and temporal variability in minimum annual temperatures. The physiologically based models provide a tool for guiding land management decisions in forests and illustrate a general approach for predicting the regional effects of climatic patterns on the distribution of organisms.
Improved Prediction of HIV-1 Protease Genotypic Resistance Testing Assays using a Consensus Technique

Mutations in HIV-1 drug targets can cause reduced affinity to antiretroviral inhibitors, leading to the emergence of resistant variants resulting in failure of treatment in infected individuals. Resistance testing is an important factor in the continued success of viral therapy. We found that through combining a structural based computational docking method and a classic machine learning technique we could create a consensus system capable of improving the prediction accuracy by 5.56% over either method used individually. The result was the creation of a genotypic resistance testing approach capable of classifying a wider cross-section of strains, hence making it a more accurate resistance testing method.