Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of erosive cavitation on hydraulic turbines through demodulation analysis

Erosive cavitation in hydraulic turbines affects severely the runner structure, increasing maintenance costs and reducing the remaining useful life of the component. Actual vibro-acoustic techniques used to detect this kind of cavitation in hydraulic turbines are based on analysing high-frequency vibrations in different parts of the unit. Particularly, the demodulation of high frequency bands has proven to give relevant results regarding the erosive cavitation behaviour. However, demodulation is not absolutely conclusive since the excitation and the transfer function from the excitation to the measuring point, which depend on every particular prototype, are partially unknown. In this paper, the demodulation method to detect erosive cavitation in hydraulic turbines is reviewed and analysed in detail. To do so, first, an experimental study in a test rig in laboratory has been carried out. This test rig is based on a rotating disk instrumented with a piezoelectric patch and with different sensors, such as accelerometers and acoustic emission sensors, in the rotating and stationary parts. Different excitation patterns simulating erosive cavitation have been applied to the rotating disk. These patterns include pseudo-random excitations of different frequency bands modulated by one low carrier frequency, which model the erosive cavitation characteristics. In this way, it is possible to understand how mechanical vibrations similar to those produced by erosive cavitation are transmitted in such complex systems involving fluid and solid mediums. The knowledge obtained in the test rig helps to interpret the results obtained with demodulation analysis in prototypes. Particularly, in this paper these conclusions have been used to analyse erosive cavitation in a real Francis turbine.
Subseasonal Coastal‐Trapped Wave Propagations in the Southeastern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans: 2. Wave Characteristics and Connection With the Equatorial Variability

The objective of this study is to compare the characteristics of the oceanic teleconnection with the linear equatorial dynamics of two upwelling systems along the southwestern South American and African continents at subseasonal time scales ( < 120 days). Altimetric data analysis shows that the coastal variability remains coherent with the equatorial signal until 27 8 S in the southeastern Paciﬁc (SEP), while in the southeastern Atlantic (SEA) it fades out south of 12 8 S. To explain this striking difference, our methodology is based on the experimentation with twin regional model conﬁgurations of the SEP and SEA Oceans. The estimation of free Coastal-Trapped Waves (CTWs) modal structures and associated contribution to coastal variability allows inferring and comparing the characteristics of each CTW mode in the two systems; namely, their forcings, amplitude, dissipation rate, and scattering. Results show that the Paciﬁc subseasonal equatorial forcing is only 20% larger than in the Atlantic, but important differences in the relative contribution of each baroclinic mode are reported. The ﬁrst baroclinic mode dominates the eastern equatorial Paciﬁc variability, while in the eastern equatorial Atlantic, the second mode is the most energetic. This leads to a drastic increase in the dissipation and scattering of the remotely forced CTW in the SEA sector, compared to the coastal SEP. Concomitantly, south of (cid:3) We observe a 15 8 difference in the maximum latitude at which subseasonal equatorial dynamics is detected in Southeast Paciﬁc and Atlantic (cid:3) Different dominant CTW modes in the two ecosystems are driven by distinctive vertical structure variability in eastern equatorial regions (cid:3) Dissipation of the remotely forced CTW mode and coastal winds explain the early fading of the equatorial connection in Southeast Atlantic
Replicating the Hadley cell edge and subtropical jet latitude disconnect in idealized atmospheric models

Abstract. Recent work has shown that variability in the subtropical jet's (STJ) latitude, ϕSTJ, is not coupled to that of the Hadley cell (HC) edge, ϕHC, but the robustness of this disconnect has not been examined in detail. Here, we use meteorological reanalysis products, comprehensive climate models, and an idealized atmospheric model to determine the necessary processes for a disconnect between ϕHC and ϕSTJ in the Northern Hemisphere's December–January–February season. We find that a decoupling can occur in a dry general circulation model, indicating that large-scale dynamical processes are sufficient to reproduce the metrics' relationship. It is therefore not reliant on explicit variability in the zonal structure, convection, or radiation. Rather, the disconnect requires a sufficiently realistic climatological basic state. Further, we confirm that the robust disconnect between ϕSTJ and ϕHC across the model hierarchy reveals their differing sensitivities to midlatitude eddy momentum fluxes; ϕHC is consistently coupled to the latitude of maximum eddy momentum flux, but ϕSTJ is not.
Agroecosystems For Communities And Conservation: Linking Bird Conservation And Sustainable Livelihoods In The Highlands Of Guatemala

Reconciling agricultural production with conservation is an increasingly complex task, especially in regions where high levels of biodiversity and poverty converge. A diverse agricultural matrix integrated with forest remnants is a potentially useful example of a highly modified landscape that can conserve many elements of native biodiversity. Although empirical support for diverse farmland-forest landscapes continues to grow, most studies have been restricted to only a few species or a single season (i.e. migratory species during dry season months). We studied the relative ability of Q’eqchi’ Mayan agroecosystem types to support focal resident and migratory birds at local and landscape scales in the Alta Verapaz Highlands of Guatemala, a region known for its remarkable biocultural diversity. Specifically, we examined the use of three forest and three non-forest habitats (monocultures, polycultures, shaded coffee, pine plantations, secondary forest, and primary cloud forest) by six Neotropical migrant, four endemic, and five forest resident bird species across two seasons when many residents are breeding (June-August 2014), and not breeding (January-February 2015). In addition to examining patterns of species richness, we identified habitat associations of individual species using separate single-species, single-season occupancy models. In general, focal species responded most strongly to structural diversity and forest cover within the landscape, with forest residents more linked to diverse habitats (i.e. polycultures, cloud forest), and migrants using simpler habitats (monocultures, semi-shade coffee). Notably, three of four endemics were not forest-associates. Occupancy of focal species was best predicted by canopy cover regardless of habitat specialization, followed by tree density and epiphyte abundance. Landscape composition was especially important for forest-dependent species which were positively correlated to the proportion of cloud forest within 100 hectares. Seasonal patterns of habitat use by several forest-
Fine-Tuning Quantitative Trait Loci Identified in Immortalized F2 Population Are Essential for Genomic Prediction of Hybrid Performance in Maize

Maize breeding is greatly affected by hybrid vigor, a phenomenon that hybrids exhibit superior performance than parental lines. The immortalized F2 population (IMF2) is ideal for the genetic dissection and prediction of hybrid performance. Here, in this study, we conducted the QTL mapping and genomic prediction of six traits related to plant architecture using an IMF2 population. Broad-sense heritability of these traits ranged from 0.85 to 0.94. Analysis of genetic effects showed that additive variance was the main contributor to phenotypic variations. The mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) revealed 10 to 16 QTLs (including pleiotropic loci and epistatic QTLs) for the six traits. Additionally, we identified 15 fine-tuning QTLs for plant height (PH). For genomic prediction (GP), the model of additive and dominance (AD) exhibited higher prediction accuracy than those fitting general combining ability (GCA) and its combination with special combining ability (SCA) effects for all tested traits. And adding the epistasis (E) effect into the AD model did not significantly increase its prediction accuracy. Moreover, the identified 15 fine-tuning QTLs of PH, which exerted large genomic prediction effects, were verified by the marker effect of GP. Our results not only provide an approach for the fine-mapping of fine-tuning QTLs but also serve as references for GP breeding in crops.
Factors Influencing University Student Satisfaction with Online Learning in Vietnam

Student satisfaction with online learning is critical for universities in developing countries. However, little is known on the impact of contextual and personal factors on the engagement and satisfaction of university students in developing countries with online learning. This study conducted a survey research to explore the factors determining on university student satisfaction with online leanring in Vietnam. It examines a sample of 427 undergraduate students at a leading multidisciplinary university who have experienced online learning for their university courses since early 2020. The structural equation modelling analyses using Smart PLS indicated that online learning service quality and student self-efficacy had significant relationships with student engagement which led to student satisfaction. In the online education context of Vietnam, although online learning service quality and student self-efficacy had effects on both behavioural, cognitive and emotional engagement, only behavioural and cognitive engagement had significant relationships with student satisfaction. The findings provides implications for educators in Vietnam to enhance the effectiveness of online learning.
Unveiling Urban Regeneration Risks in China: A Social Perspective

China’s urbanization process is currently in a transition phase from rapid growth to slow growth, necessitating the implementation of sustainable measures in urban planning. Urban regeneration (UR), being one of the fundamental mechanisms for achieving sustainable urban development, has received considerable attention. UR promotes sustainable development by reusing abandoned land and buildings, improving energy efficiency, and enhancing the ecological environment. However, UR involves numerous stakeholders who may have conflicting interests due to factors such as the environment, technology, and economy, thereby giving rise to social risks (SRs). These SRs pose a threat to the success of UR projects and can also lead to social instability, as well as hindering sustainable urban development. Identifying risk sources forms the foundation of and key to risk management. Therefore, this research employs an integrated qualitative and quantitative method to explore the SR factors (SRFs) related to UR for China. On the basis of the grounded theory method, case study examination was used for data collection, resulting in the identification of 22 specific categories and five main categories. Through quantitative analysis, the identified SRFs and five main classifications of UR in China were verified, namely the negative effects of demolition and relocation, the negative environmental effect, the negative effect of technology, the organization-related negative effect, and the negative effect of policy. Among them, the unfair compensation for demolition and relocation has the greatest impact on the SRs in UR. Based on further analysis of the quantitative results, this study proposes three measures to alleviate the UR-related SRs for China on the macro, meso, and micro levels, which include improving policy and the legal system, enhancing collaborative governance capacity, and strengthening public participation. This research also has reference value in the context of promoting UR for other developing countries.
Suitability of a lumped rainfall–runoff model for flashy tropical watersheds in New Caledonia

ABSTRACT The GR4H lumped hourly rainfall–runoff model was assessed for its integration in a ridge-to-reef modelling framework. Particular attention was paid to rainfall representation, robustness of parameter estimates and ability to reproduce the main runoff features. The study was conducted in four tropical mountainous watersheds in New Caledonia, which are exposed to intense rainfall events, large annual climatic variations triggered by El Niño oscillation, and wildfires. The inverse distance and elevation weighting algorithm outperformed other classical rainfall interpolation methods under data-limited conditions. The time span of data needed for robust calibration was site specific and varied from 6–7 years to 10 years, which may be linked to El Niño events and to wildfires. With sufficient data, simulation quality was equivalent during the calibration and validation periods. The GR4H model was generally able to simulate both flash floods and large annual variations. The model was more reliable when simulating wet years and watersheds not subject to land-cover changes.
Complete Prevention of Bubbles in a PDMS-Based Digital PCR Chip with a Multifunction Cavity

In a chamber-based digital PCR (dPCR) chip fabricated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), bubble generation in the chambers at high temperatures is a critical issue. Here, we found that the main reason for bubble formation in PDMS chips is the too-high saturated vapor pressure of water at an elevated temperature. The bubbles should be completely prevented by reducing the initial pressure of the system to under 13.6 kPa to eliminate the effects of increased-pressure water vapor. Then, a cavity was designed and fabricated above the PCR reaction layer, and Parylene C was used as a shell covering the chip. The cavity was used for the negative generator in sample loading, PDMS degassing, PCR solution degassing in the digitization process and water storage in the thermal reaction process. The analysis was confirmed and finally achieved a desirable bubble-free, fast-digitization, valve-free and no-tubing connection dPCR.
A ‘disjunct’ in the linguistic landscape: Messages about food and nutrition in Indonesian school environments

In Indonesia’s schoolscapes, messages regarding food and nutrition abound. The researchers conducted descriptive, evaluative research on the nature and scope of the linguistic landscape around 20 primary school grounds in Jakarta and Depok education districts. The purpose of this study was to gather (digitally) and analyze food/nutrition signs/texts in order to determine which languages are represented in which places, and the kinds of messages for each language. As well, the study explored other non-food images relating to health found in these schoolscapes. Data were analysed using open and axial coding. The study found that the majority of the texts and images are found to be in Indonesian and only a small percentage are in Sundanese, Arabic, Japanese and English. Texts relating to food and nutrition were found inside and outside the school environments. Each language was responsible for a particular type of message. Official (top-down) messages inside the schoolscapes advocate for healthy food and nutrition. Texts found outside the schoolscapes convey a variety of messages, healthy and otherwise: from food labels, and flavor, to cigarette advertising. There is a ‘disjunct’ between the overtly health-oriented linguistic landscape inside the school perimeter and the less healthy linguistic landscape outside the schoolscapes, an issue which may be of concern to schools and their communities.
Rebound Hardness Results For Raw Material Located Near Pinnacle Point, South Africa And The Implications Thereof

s 15, 89– 97. Jacobs, Z. 2010. “An OSL chronology for the sedimentary deposits from Pinnacle Point Cave 13B—A punctuated presence. ” Journal of Human Evolution 59 3–4 (September): 289–305. Jacobs, Z. , G.A. Duller, & A.G. Wintle, 2006. Interpretation of single grain De distributions and calculation of De. Radiation Measurements, 41(3), 264-277. Jacobs, Z. , R. G. Roberts, R. F. Galbraith, H. J. Deacon. , R. Grün, A. Mackay, P. Mitchell, R. Vogelsang, L. Wadley, 2008. Ages for the Middle Stone Age of Southern Africa: Implications for Human Behavior and Dispersal. Science, 322(5902), 733–735. Jacobs, Z. , & R. G. Roberts. (2009a). Human History Written in Stone and Blood. American scientist, 97(4), 302–309.
An Instantaneous Load-Sharing Parallel Control Method Using Improved PWM-Capture With DMA in a Power Conversion System

As power demand from electric vehicles and digital loads increases, the use of direct current power supplies is increasing. As a result, the application of microgrid utilizing various distributed power systems is expanding. As demand power and load capacity increase, parallel operation of multiple power converters is required to increase the capacity of power converters used in distributed power systems. Among parallel control methods, load sharing through communication has a significant effect on control performance due to communication speed and reliability. This paper proposes an instantaneous load-sharing parallel control method using a high-speed communication method that can transmit data necessary for load-sharing every control cycle. The proposed communication method uses enhanced PWM and capture communication using a DMA module to compensate for the shortcomings of the existing method using PWM and capture functions. Whenever the master voltage controller is executed, the data required for parallel operation is updated, and by transmitting this data to the slave, instantaneous load sharing control with high speed response is possible. We explain the communication and system architecture of the proposed method and present the communication protocol specifications and design. The performance and validity of the proposed instantaneous load sharing parallel control method were verified through simulation and experiments.
Automatic Generation of Links in Patent Documents

Patents are organized into classification systems, which assist offices and users in the process of seeking and retrieving such documents. A wide variety of users use the patent systems and the information contained in these documents. In addition to office professionals, such as examiners and analysts, who determine whether the invention satifies the conditions required to be patented and summarize the content of the document, other users such as inventors, researchers, investors and business managers have a keen interest in understanding the content of patents.However, patents are complex legal documents with a significant number of technical and descriptive details, which makes it difficult to identify and analyze the information contained in these documents. An automatic link system associated with some of the terms found in the patents would provide quick access to the concepts contained in specific knowledge bases. This work presents partial results of a project whose objective is the automatic generation of links in patent documents. The experiments were conducted with four subgroups of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), which uses the Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC) classification system. In a first step, since documents do not have keywords, meaningful terms were selected to be designated as link origins, using the algorithm X2.Once the link destinies were selected, in a later step, keywords with more than one meaning were disambiguated. It is expected, with the creation of automated links, to aid in the reading of patent texts, thus making it easier to access concepts related to the terms presented by the documents and to the understanding of the information disclosed by the inventors.
Variable Time-Step Physics Engine with Continuous Compliance Contact Model for Optimal Robotic Grinding Trajectory Planning

In the transition from virtual environments to real-world applications, the role of physics engines is crucial for accurately emulating and representing systems. To address the prevalent issue of inaccurate simulations, this paper introduces a novel physics engine uniquely designed with a compliant contact model designed for robotic grinding. It features continuous and variable time-step simulations, emphasizing accurate contact force calculations during object collision. Firstly, the engine derives dynamic equations considering spring stiffness, damping coefficients, coefficients of restitution, and external forces. This facilitates the effective determination of dynamic parameters such as contact force, acceleration, velocity, and position throughout penetration processes continuously. Secondly, the approach utilizes effective inertia in developing the contact model, which is designed for multi-jointed robots through pose transformation. The proposed physics engine effectively captures energy conversion in scenarios with convex contact surface shapes through the application of spring dampers during collisions. Finally, the reliability of the contact solver in the simulation was verified through bouncing ball experiments and robotic grinding experiments under different coefficients of restitution. These experiments effectively recorded the continuous variations in parameters, such as contact force, verifying the integral stability of the system. In summary, this article advances physics engine technology beyond current geometrically constrained contact solutions, enhancing the accuracy of simulations and modeling in virtual environments. This is particularly significant in scenarios wherein there are constant changes in the outside world, such as robotic grinding tasks.
Sequence Analysis of nrDNA ITS Region in Paşa and Şah Apple (Malus × domestica) Genotypes

In this study, phylogenetic analysis of Şah and Paşa apple genotypes was performed using nrDNA ITS sequences. After the plant leaves were brought to the laboratory, gDNAs were obtained by genomic DNA isolation method. PCR amplification was performed using primers ITS4 and ITS5A. ITS sequences of some apple and Rosaceae species were retrieved from NCBI, bioinformatics analyzes were made with Bioedit 7.2. 3, Finch TV 1.4. 0 and MEGA 6.0 programs and phylogenetic trees were constructed. In the study, ITS sequence length of the Paşa apple genotype was 656 bp, and the ITS sequence length of the Şah apple genotype was 649 bp. Only in the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree constructed using sequences of apple genotypes, Paşa and Şah apple genotypes appeared in the same clade as Malus domestica cultivar="Casciana'' and Malus domestica cultivar="Rotella''. In the phylogenetic tree generated including other species belonging to the Rosaceae family; apple genotypes Pyrus, Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Sorbus, Eriobotrya and Prunus were detected in a same clade. Overall results clearly suggested that the ITS sequences were both suitable for differentiation between the selected genera and were compatible with previous phylogenetic studies.