Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Molecular Analyses of Multifocal Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas

Objective: To examine the clinicopathologic features and clonal relationship of multifocal intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas. Background: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms are increasingly diagnosed cystic precursor lesions of pancreatic cancer. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms can be multifocal and a potential cause of recurrence after partial pancreatectomy. Methods: Thirty four patients with histologically documented multifocal IPMNs were collected and their clinicopathologic features catalogued. In addition, thirty multifocal IPMNs arising in 13 patients from 3 hospitals were subjected to laser microdissection followed by KRAS pyrosequencing and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis on chromosomes 6q and 17p. Finally, we sought to assess the clonal relationships among multifocal IPMNs. Results: We identified 34 patients with histologically documented multifocal IPMNs. Synchronous IPMNs were present in 29 patients (85%), whereas 5 (15%) developed clinically significant metachronous IPMNs. Six patients (18%) had a history of familial pancreatic cancer. A majority of multifocal IPMNs (86% synchronous, 100% metachronous) were composed of branch duct lesions, and typically demonstrated a gastric-foveolar subtype epithelium with low or intermediate grades of dysplasia. Three synchronous IPMNs (10%) had an associated invasive cancer. Molecular analysis of multiple IPMNs from 13 patients demonstrated nonoverlapping KRAS gene mutations in 8 patients (62%) and discordant LOH profiles in 7 patients (54%); independent genetic alterations were established in 9 of the 13 patients (69%). Conclusions: The majority of multifocal IPMNs arise independently and exhibit a gastric-foveolar subtype, with low to intermediate dysplasia. These findings underscore the importance of life-long follow-up after resection for an IPMN.
Traumatic Histories and Stressful Life Events of Incarcerated Parents: Childhood and Adult Trauma Histories

Abuse and trauma are common in the histories of prison inmates. This article presents the results of research on the trauma histories and stressful life events experienced by 2,279 male and female inmate parents in Arizona, with a particular focus on gender and ethnic differences across inmates. A sample of 838 incarcerated fathers and 1,441 mothers completed anonymous questionnaires regarding traumatic and stressful events experienced as children and/or adults. High rates of exposure to childhood and adult traumatic events, especially child abuse, were found for both males and females and across ethnic groups.
The Social Construction and Broaden-Build Effects of Appreciation, Recognition, and Reward at Work As Portrayed in Four Contemporary Films

Many employees feel underappreciated, unrecognized, and undervalued in today’s corporate, white collar environment (Herman& Dasborough, 2008; Ariani, D. W. 2013). Global economic crises, rising housing prices and high unemployment have all contributed to the prevailing thought that it an employee should just be happy with having a job. However, many organizations have found that evoking positive emotion in the workplace is a win-win situation for them and their employees (Lutgen-Sandvik, Riforgiate & Fletcher, 2009). In order to investigate what is enacted to produce positivity in the workplace, this project applied content analysis to four commercial film dated 2004 to 2013. Verbal utterances, tangible awards, written forms of acknowledgement and symbolic actions were among some of the characteristics that were categorized as evoking positive, negative or ambiguous emotions. The findings of this study suggest that verbal utterances produced the most positivity while symbolic actions produced the most negative emotions.
Computer-Assisted Innovations in Craniofacial Surgery

Reconstructive surgery for complex craniofacial defects challenges even the most experienced surgeons. Preoperative reconstructive planning requires consideration of both functional and aesthetic properties of the mandible, orbit, and midface. Technological innovations allow for computer-assisted preoperative planning, computer-aided manufacturing of patient-specific implants (PSIs), and computer-assisted intraoperative navigation. Although many case reports discuss computer-assisted preoperative planning and creation of custom implants, a general overview of computer-assisted innovations is not readily available. This article reviews innovations in computer-assisted reconstructive surgery including anatomic considerations when using PSIs, technologies available for preoperative planning, work flow and process of obtaining a PSI, and implant materials available for PSIs. A case example follows illustrating the use of this technology in the reconstruction of an orbital-frontal-temporal defect with a PSI. Computer-assisted reconstruction of complex craniofacial defects provides the reconstructive surgeon with innovative options for challenging reconstructive cases. As technology advances, applications of computer-assisted reconstruction will continue to expand.
Sulfotransferase Forms Expressed in Human Intestinal Caco-2 and TC7 Cells at Varying Stages of Differentiation and Role in Benzo[a]pyrene Metabolism

The Caco-2 cell line and its subclone TC7 are frequently used for studying human intestinal transport and metabolism of xenobiotics. We have investigated the expression of soluble sulfotransferases (SULT) in parental Caco-2 and TC7 cells by immunoblotting. SULT1A1, SULT1A2, SULT1A3, SULT1B1, SULT1C1, SULT1C2, and SULT2A1 were expressed in both cell lines. SULT2B1a, SULT2B1b, and SULT4A1 were absent. SULT1E1 protein was found in TC7 but not in Caco-2 cells. Other differences in SULT between the cell lines were minor. More important was the influence of differentiation. Expression of the various SULT forms was low or not detectable in cultures just reaching confluence but then increased strongly. Likewise, the rate of sulfation of the model substrate 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene was increased with increasing culture duration. Benzo[a]pyrene-1-sulfate and -3-sulfate were formed in both cell lines when benzo[a]pyrene was used as a substrate. A further metabolite, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene-glucuronide, was detected in TC7 but not in parental Caco-2 cells. Cytochrome P450 inducers enhanced the conversion of benzo[a]pyrene to these metabolites without altering mRNA levels of major phenol-conjugating SULT forms (SULT1A1, SULT1A3, and SULT1B1). Overall, differentiated Caco-2 and TC7 cells are rich sources of SULT, as is human intestinal mucosa. The SULT pattern is most similar to that found in small intestine, although levels of SULT1A1 and SULT1B1 are lower, and those of SULT1C1 are higher in Caco-2 and TC7 cells than previously found in intestinal samples. The differentiation-dependent expression of SULT in the cultured cells reflects the in vivo situation, where SULT expression is focused to differentiated enterocytes.
An Ultrastructural Study of Mineralization in Craniopharyngiomas

In eight cases of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma examined ultrastructurally special attention was paid to the process of mineralization. The tumors were usually composed of neoplastic epithelial cells and fibrous connective tissue stroma. Islands of keratinized cells were frequently observed in the epithelial cell zone. In most of the degenerated keratinized cells cytoplasmic organelles had disappeared except for tonofibrils and membrane-bound round vesicles were seen among the numerous tonofibrils. Needle-shaped crystals were deposited within some vesicles. The accumulation of crystals in the vesicles and the coalescence of calcified vesicles and calcified adjacent tonofibrils resulted in the formation of a large calcified body. Mineralized precipitates were confirmed as calcium and phosphorus by means of an energy dispersive X-ray microanalyzer; the precipitates were composed of hydroxyapatite which was substantiated crystallographically with an X-ray diffractometer. These findings suggest that membrane-bound vesicles derived from degenerated keratinized cells play an important role in the initial process of calcification. The tonofibrils may also serve to orient apatite crystal precipitation.
To Be (Come) or Not to Be (Come): Understanding Children’s Citizenship

This article explores notions of the “child as citizen” and “children’s citizenship” in the context of possibilities and promises for the rights of children that are laid out in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. It poses the question, Can “children’s citizenship” ever be fully accomplished for and/or by children? The article begins with an examination of contemporary theories of citizenship and considers the grounds for children’s citizenship in the light of the ways in which “childhood” is culturally, socially, economically, and politically constructed in different societies. It suggests that in social investment states, such as the United Kingdom, the contemporary cultural politics of childhood mean that children’s citizenship remains ambiguous. What is needed, the article suggests, is a greater understanding at the local level of how children’s experiences as members of society unfold. Thus, taking England as a case study, and drawing on some empirical research with children’s experiences in children’s hospitals, the article illustrates the ways in which adults’ ideas about childhood limit children’s agency and actions, thereby denying them status as citizens.
Organisational careers versus boundaryless careers: Insights from the accounting profession

ABSTRACT Much of careers research in recent times has focused on the so called move away from traditional ‘organisational careers’ to what Arthur (1994) coined the ‘boundaryless career’. This paper discusses research that challenges the applicability of the boundaryless career and the claim that ‘organisational careers are dead’. Drawing on interviews with nearly 60 accountants in Australia, the research demonstrates that employees are pursuing an organisational career. For this occupational group, the lack of proactive HR involvement in career development and the emphasis on self-direction was not appreciated. Rather, the research highlighted that the lack of organisational career management had negative implications for employee attitudes and motivation. The issues raised by the participants suggest it is timely to consider whether the unique characteristics of the accounting profession represent an ideal environment for the maintenance of an ‘organisational career’.
Researching Hong Kong English: bibliographical resources

This paper provides a brief guide to published research relevant to the study of Hong Kong Kong English, together with a selective bibliography. Hong Kong now has a thriving research culture although a substantial proportion of published research has earlier been devoted to applied linguistic and language pedagogy, where the discussion of ‘Hong Kong English’ has frequently been linked to studies of error analysis and interlanguage. The selective bibliography attempts to survey published research in those areas of sociolinguistics and applied linguistics of most relevance to the world Englishes paradigm, and also includes a section listing publications related to Hong Kong creative writing in English. The final section lists extant bibliographies in print and/or available online via the Internet.
Rule‐based reasoning and theory of mind in autism: a commentary on the work of Zelazo, Jacques, Burack and Frye

This commentary is concerned with the work of Zelazo, Jacques, Burack and Frye (2002) and highlights a number of aspects of the Zelazo et al. (2002) study that raise some concern, most notably the small sample size and lack of control groups. The commentary provides details of our own research (Colvert et al., The rule-based reasoning and theory of mind abilities of children with autism, poster presented at the biennial meeting, Society for Research in Child Development, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2001, Rule-based reasoning and theory of mind in children with autism, submitted), which used a larger sample and a more carefully controlled design to provide a further examination of the possible links between rule-based reasoning and theory of mind (ToM) in autism. With these key modifications our study also found evidence of a significant link between these two aspects of development for high-functioning children with autism. It would seem that there is evidence that the ToM abilities of children with autism may not be a separate aspect of development, but may instead be linked to more general developments in embedded reasoning skills; as stated by the Cognitive Complexity and Control theory. However, the current commentary notes that caution is required when drawing such conclusions, as all evidence thus far is correlational in nature. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural Covariates of Homicide Rates

Most previous empirical comparative studies of homicide examine homicide rates across nations or subnational units within a single country. This study is the first in which a European cross-national city comparison is made. The article aims to provide insight into the extent that the homicide rates are related to the social and economic forces characterizing a sample of European cities. Derived from theories rooted in classic works, including social disorganization, strain, and urbanism, are six hypothesized effects of structural forces on homicide rates. Analyses show that cities' deprivation and population structure indexes are strong predictors of homicide rates. The predicted effects of unemployment rates, population heterogeneity, and age structure on homicide rates, however, were not consistently corroborated by these results. Comparing Eastern and Western European countries, the authors also find support for the influence of the country's level of development on city-level homicide rates.
The role of diabetes in hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study among United States veterans

OBJECTIVE:Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been reported to increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We carried out a case-control study to examine the role of DM while controlling for several known risk factors of HCC.METHODS:All hospitalized patients with primary liver cancer (PLC) during 1997–1999 were identified in the computerized database of the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Patient Treatment File. Controls without cancer were randomly assigned from the Patient Treatment File during the same time period. The inpatient and outpatient files were searched for several conditions including DM, hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), alcoholic cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, hemochromatosis, and nonspecific cirrhosis. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated in a multivariable logistic regression model.RESULTS:We identified 823 patients with PLC and 3459 controls. The case group was older (62 yr [±10] vs 60 [±11], p < 0.0001), had more men (99% vs 97%, 0.0004), and a greater frequency of nonwhites (66% vs 71%, 0.0009) compared with controls. However, HCV- and HBV-infected patients were younger among cases than controls. Risk factors that were significantly more frequent among PLC cases included HCV (34% vs 5%, p < 0.0001), HBV (11% vs 2%, p < 0.0001), alcoholic cirrhosis (47% vs 6%, p < 0.0001), hemochromatosis (2% vs 0.3%, p < 0.0001), autoimmune hepatitis (5% vs 0.5%, p < 0.0001), and diabetes (33% vs 30%, p = 0.059). In the multivariable logistic regression, diabetes was associated with a significant increase in the adjusted OR of PLC (1.57, 1.08–2.28, p = 0.02) in the presence of HCV, HBV, or alcoholic cirrhosis. Without markers of chronic liver disease, the adjusted OR for diabetes and PLC was not significantly increased (1.08, 0.86–1.18, p = 0.4). There was an increase in the HCV adjusted OR (17.27, 95% CI = 11.98–24.89) and HBV (9.22, 95% CI = 4.52–18.80) after adjusting for the younger age of HCV- and HBV-infected cases. The combined presence of HCV and alcoholic cirrhosis further increases the risk with an adjusted OR of 79.21 (60.29–103.41). The population attributable fraction for HCV among hospitalized veterans was 44.8%, whereas that of alcoholic cirrhosis was 51%. CONCLUSION:DM increased the risk of PLC only in the presence of other risk factors such as hepatitis C or B or alcoholic cirrhosis. Hepatitis C infection and alcoholic cirrhosis account for most of PLC among veterans.
Information Valets: Adaptivity for Multi-Platform Access to Heterogeneous Information

This paper introduces the concept of an Information Valet (“iValet”), an approach for combining multi-platform access to heterogeneous information with adaption to user preferences. The goal of an iValet is to support access to a range of information sources from a range of wired and wireless client devices with some degree of uniformity. An iValet should be aware of its user and user devices, learning from a user’s past interactions where and how to send new incoming information. Our metaphor is that of a valet that sits between a user’s client devices and the information services that the user may want to access. This paper describes a prototype iValet that interacts with its user through both the Palm VII “Web-clippings” service and the RIM 950 two-way email-capable pager, providing access to email, Web pages, and personal files. We discuss general issues raised by our work concerning the more general design of an iValet, and present initial results concerning the ability of machine learning techniques to successfully inject adaptability into our iValet system.
The Welfare Effects of Location and Quality in Oligopoly

Abstract In this article, we show that in models where location is endogenous, maximum welfare losses arising from non-optimal locations or from the lack of market coverage may be substantial. In contrast, maximum welfare losses arising from non-optimal quality choices are more modest, but they might vary discontinuously with the dispersion in consumer tastes. Very often, welfare losses can be inferred from data.
Present and Future Perspectives on Cell Sheet-Based Myocardial Regeneration Therapy

Heart failure is a life-threatening disorder worldwide and many papers reported about myocardial regeneration through surgical method induced by LVAD, cellular cardiomyoplasty (cell injection), tissue cardiomyoplasty (bioengineered cardiac graft implantation), in situ engineering (scaffold implantation), and LV restrictive devices. Some of these innovated technologies have been introduced to clinical settings. Especially, cell sheet technology has been developed and has already been introduced to clinical situation. As the first step in development of cell sheet, neonatal cardiomyocyte sheets were established and these sheets showed electrical and histological homogeneous heart-like tissue with contractile ability in vitro and worked as functional heart muscle which has electrical communication with recipient myocardium in small animal heart failure model. Next, as a preclinical study, noncontractile myoblast sheets have been established and these sheets have proved to secrete multiple cytokines such as HGF or VEGF in vitro study. Moreover, in vivo studies using large and small animal heart failure model have been done and myoblast sheets could improve diastolic and systolic performance by cytokine paracrine effect such as angiogenesis, antifibrosis, and stem cell migration. Recently evidenced by these preclinical results, clinical trials using autologous myoblast sheets have been started in ICM and DCM patients and some patients showed LV reverse remodelling, improved symptoms, and exercise tolerance. Recent works demonstrated that iPS cell-derived cardiomyocyte sheet were developed and showed electrical and microstructural homogeneity of heart tissue in vitro, leading to the establishment of proof of concept in small and large animal heart failure model.
Multi-stage redundancy reduction: effective utilisation of small protein data sets

In many important bioinformatics problems the data sets contain considerable redundancy due to the evolutionary processes which generate the data and biases in the data collection procedures. The standard practice in bioinformatics involves removing the redundancy such that there is no more than at most forty percent similarity between sequences in a data set. For small data sets this can dilute the already impoverished data beyond the boundary of practicality. One can choose to include all available data in the process by just ensuring that only the training and test samples have the required redundancy gap. However, this encourages overfitting of the model by exposure to a highly redundant training sets. We outline a process of multi-stage redundancy reduction, whereby the paucity of data can be effectively utilised without compromising the integrity of the model or the testing procedure.
Des phénomènes aux phénotypes : le typus melancholicus comme endophénotype de la dépression

La recherche biologique sur la depression est confrontee a une grande heterogeneite clinique favorisee par les classifications internationales actuelles, et donc a la necessite de clarifier le tableau clinique etudie. La description d’endophenotypes, comme la vulnerabilite au stress, est une solution proposee face a cette heterogeneite. Pourtant, ce concept parait limite par son point de vue analytique et prend le risque de perdre sa pertinence en regard des faits cliniques. Un autre type d’approche peut etre propose ; il s’inspire de la psychiatrie phenomenologique et fait l’hypothese que les phenomenes decrits par ses methodes peuvent definir des phenotypes pertinents pour la recherche biologique. Nous donnerons l’exemple du typus melancholicus comme endophenotype dans la depression.
The co-construction of NGO accountability: Aligning imposed and felt accountability in NGO-funder accountability relationships

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to deepen and advance the understanding of the construction of accountability within the relationship between government funders and development non-governmental organisations (NGOs). Design/methodology/approach - – The paper presents a case study examining the process through which an influential Dutch development NGO, Oxfam Novib, constructed its own accountability while simultaneously seeking to influence shifts in government funder accountability requirements. It enrols a combination of comprehensive archival data on the Dutch government’s financing scheme for NGOs from 1965 to 2012 and in-depth interviews with Oxfam Novib managers and Dutch government officials. The co-evolution in accountability within Oxfam Novib and the government funding scheme is conceptualised using the notions of imposed, felt and adaptive accountability Findings - – The case unveils the dynamics through which accountability within a major government funding scheme for NGOs was co-constructed by Oxfam Novib and the Dutch government’s development aid department. In particular, it reveals how this process was influenced by an internal evolution in Oxfam Novib’s organisational approach to accountability and an institutional context characterised by consensus-based economic and social policy making. The case also unveils the process through which Oxfam Novib’s influence declined as more demanding, narrowly focused government accountability requirements emerged in a setting that was increasingly critical of NGOs. Originality/value - – The paper presents a rare example of a context where development NGOs have proactively sought and secured influence over the accountability demands of a key donor. It is unique in combining consideration of the internal evolution of accountability within an individual NGO (conceptualised as an evolution from felt to adaptive accountability) with a progression in the form of accountability required by governmental funders. The paper unveils the conditions under which NGO-preferred conceptions of accountability may gain (and lose) influence among key funders.