Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Representation for Complex and Evolving Data Dependencies in Generation

This paper introduces an approach to representing the kinds of information that components in a natural language generation (NLG) system will need to communicate to one another. This information may be partial, may involve more than one level of analysis and may need to include information about the history of a derivation. We present a general representation scheme capable of handling these cases. In addition, we make a proposal for organising intermodule communication in an NLG system by having a central server for this information. We have validated the approach by a reanalysis of an existing NLG system and through a full implementation of a runnable specification.
Granulocytic ehrlichiosis in two dogs in Switzerland

This case report describes two dogs with granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Dog 1 was a male Labrador retriever with clinical signs of lymphosarcoma. Dog 2 was a female Airedale terrier, whose clinical signs included apathy, pyrexia, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Examination of blood smears revealed Ehrlichia organisms in the neutrophils of both dogs. There was thrombocytopenia in both dogs, and dog 2 also had leukopenia. In both dogs, bands of identical length were amplified from DNA of leukocytes via nested PCR. The bands had identical nucleotide sequences, which differed from the gene sequences of Ehrlichia equi and E. phagocytophila in three and two positions, respectively. Interestingly, the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA was 100% homologous to that of a human granulocytic ehrlichia.
Aspirin use and reduced risk of fatal colon cancer.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS Experiments in animals and two epidemiologic studies in humans suggest that aspirin and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be protective against colon cancer. We tested this hypothesis in a prospective mortality study of 662,424 adults who provided information in 1982 on the frequency and duration of their aspirin use. Death rates from colon cancer were measured through 1988. The possible influence of other risk factors for colon cancer was examined in multivariate analyses for 598 case patients and 3058 matched control subjects drawn from the cohort. RESULTS Death rates from colon cancer decreased with more frequent aspirin use in both men and women. The relative risk among persons who used aspirin 16 or more times per month for at least one year was 0.60 in men (95 percent confidence interval, 0.40 to 0.89) and 0.58 in women (95 percent confidence interval, 0.37 to 0.90). The risk estimates were unaffected when we excluded persons who reported at entry into the study that they had cancer, heart disease, stroke, or another condition that might influence both their aspirin use and their mortality. Adjustment for dietary factors, obesity, physical activity, and family history did not alter the findings significantly. No association was found between the use of acetaminophen and the risk of colon cancer. CONCLUSIONS Regular aspirin use at low doses may reduce the risk of fatal colon cancer. Whether this is due to a direct effect of aspirin, perhaps mediated by the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, or to other factors indirectly associated with aspirin use is unclear.
Recognition of prior learning in promoting lifelong learning : a pedagogy of hope or a shattering of dreams?

Recognition of prior learning (RPL) is an issue within the context of lifelong learning, given the (South African) issues of equity and redress, the international demands on adults to contribute to the knowledge economy, qualification inflation and increased competitiveness for knowledge workers. In the process of conscientisation and in an attempt to provide a pedagogy of hope, education could be seen by some as the panacea of all ills and RPL clearly needs to be handled with circumspection. RPL needs to be implemented ethically for it to be sustainable and to make a contribution to the individual perceptions and attainment of the Pedagogy of Hope. Integrating RPL has resulted in varied approaches: RPL can be aimed at the selection of individuals and the recognition of existing knowledge; or the transformation of individuals or knowledge in the process of assessment. This differentiation provides a useful distinction between the various functions that RPL can fulfill. In this chapter we intend to explore the potential that RPL holds as a pedagogy of hope specifically within the field of lifelong learning. We argue that the practice of RPL may facilitate or inhibit hope for adult learners in higher education.
Rationales of Humanitarianism: The Case of British Relief to Germany, 1805–1815 *

Rationales of Humanitarianism: The Case of British Relief to Germany, 1805–1815 This article examines the British humanitarian relief campaign initiated by the Committee for Relieving the Distresses in Germany and Other Parts of the Continent (1805–1815). It demonstrates the significance of two aspects for the campaign: the activism of London-based immigrant communities on the one hand, and British solidarity with allied countries during the Napoleonic Wars and the related matter of national mobilisation against France on the other. While immigrant activism was a major driving force of the campaign, its impact depended on the integration of immigrants into British society and on the mobilisation of Britons. Moreover, while the alliance with German states was often underlined in the publicity efforts of the campaign, wider humanitarian concerns were also addressed.
Communication in the age of virtual reality

Contents: Preface. Part I: Virtual Reality as Communication Medium. F. Biocca, T. Kim, M.R. Levy, The Vision of Virtual Reality. F. Biocca, M.R. Levy, Virtual Reality as a Communication System. J. Steuer, Defining Virtual Reality: Dimensions Determining Telepresence. F. Biocca, B. Delaney, Immersive Virtual Reality Technology. Part II: Designing Virtual Environments. F. Biocca, M.R. Levy, Communication Applications of Virtual Reality. D.G. Hawkins, Virtual Reality and Passive Simulators: The Future of Fun. C. Heeter, Communication Research on Consumer VR. K. Meyer, Dramatic Narrative in Virtual Reality. G. Kramer, Sound and Communication in Virtual Reality. M.T. Palmer, Interpersonal Communication and Virtual Reality: Mediating Interpersonal Relationships. Part III: The Social Reality of Virtual Reality. T.W. Valente, T. Bardini, Virtual Diffusion or an Uncertain Reality: Networks, Policy, and Models for the Diffusion of VR Technology. M.A. Shapiro, D.G. McDonald, I'm Not a Real Doctor, But I Play One in Virtual Reality: Implications of Virtual Reality for Judgments About Reality. A. Balsamo, Signal to Noise: On the Meaning of Cyberpunk Subculture. L. St. Clair Harvey, Communication Issues and Policy Implications.
Empowering Women in Higher Education and Student Affairs: Theory, Research, Narratives, and Practice from Feminist Perspectives ed. by Penny A. Pasque and Shelly Errington Nicholson (review)

efficiencies that have emerged as a result of collaborative innovations in the new system, benefiting the large goals of “student access, opportunity, and success” (p. 166). In recent years, the discussion of innovation in higher education has received much attention. As Hoffman and Spangehl state in Chapter 2, innovation is treated as “one of those voguish terms” (p. 17). Academics may argue that the concept of “innovation” is distinct from “innovative thinking” or “innovative programs,” as it is applied in this text. Clear theoretical frameworks for defining innovation, which are applicable to the study of higher education, have been provided by scholars such as Clayton Christensen (2003) or Everett Rogers (2003). The incorporation of some of these foundational elements, allowing the differentiation between progressive programs and true, cutting-edge innovations, would have strengthened the book. Overall, this text provides a compilation of progressive programs and initiatives from varied institutional environments. The forthright descriptions provided by numerous contributors achieve the “institutional sharing” sought by the editors. Situating the innovative programs within their historical settings is an appropriate and effective means of providing additional context, demonstrating the need for innovation in higher education both programmatically and in general. This text is a good resource for administrators seeking to learn more of the experiences and implementation of diverse, forward-thinking initiatives.
A randomized comparison of helium-oxygen mixture (Heliox) and racemic epinephrine for the treatment of moderate to severe croup.

OBJECTIVE To compare the additive effect of a helium-oxygen mixture (Heliox) or racemic epinephrine (RE) on croup scores (CSs) in children with moderate to severe croup treated with humidified oxygen and steroids. Design. A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. SETTING Emergency department and pediatric intensive care unit of an urban level I trauma center. PARTICIPANTS Randomly assigned, consecutive children ages 6 months to 3 years presenting with moderate to severe croup (CS: >/=5). Interventions. After cool humidified oxygen and 0.6 mg/kg of intramuscular dexamethasone, patients were randomized to receive either Heliox or RE. Vital signs, oxygen saturation, and CSs were recorded at regular intervals. OUTCOME/ANALYSIS: Reductions in CSs were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS Thirty-three patients were enrolled. Three were excluded because of protocol violations, and 1 was excluded because of lack of documentation, leaving 29 patients for final analysis. The average age was 24.2 months, 20 were male (68.8%). Both Heliox and RE were associated with improvement in CSs over time. There were no significant differences in mean CS, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, or heart rate between groups at baseline or at the end of the treatment period. CONCLUSION In patients with moderate to severe croup, the administration of Heliox resulted in similar improvements in CS compared with patients given RE.
The Autopsy and Clinical Diagnosis

or accepted by clinicians. Some certainly give the autopsy a very low rating, as witness some of the responses to a questionnaire[3] circulated by Dr Cameron and I to clinical consultants in the South Lothian District. Dr Cameron[2] quotes several adverse opinions, to which I add one more: 'I discourage the request of a PM except in those cases where the diagnosis is uncertain'. To ascertain whether these attitudes are justified, or whether the hospital autopsy, in addition to improving the accuracy of death certification and mortality statistics, has a role in refining clinical diagnostic expertise, it was necessary to obtain relevant facts and figures. For this purpose, we conducted a prospective review of 1,152 consecutive routine hospital autopsies[4]. These did not include any Fiscal, neonatal or paediatric cases. The clinical data were recorded and authenticated by a senior clinician before autopsy. Comparison of clinical and autopsy diagnoses showed that, with an autopsy rate of 25 per cent, autopsy failed to confirm 39 per cent of main clinical diagnoses, and also failed to confirm 66 per cent of other conditions considered to have contributed to death. We tried to relate the frequency of confirmation to the clinician's confidence in his diagnosis; in 47 per cent of cases the diagnoses were certified as 'fairly certain'; 'uncertainty' was expressed in only 16 per cent. We found that, even when clinicians were reasonably confident of their diagnoses, their main diagnoses were not confirmed in 25 per cent of cases (Table 1).
Perceptual Consequences of Cochlear Damage

Chapter 1 - The physiology and function of the normal and damaged cochlea Chapter 2 - Absolute thresholds and frequency selectivity in normal and impaired hearing Chapter 3 - Loudness perception and intensity resolution in people with normal and impaired hearing Chapter 4 - Effects of cochlear damage on temporal resolution and temporal integration Chapter 5 - Pitch perception and frequency discrimination in normally hearing and hearing-impaired people Chapter 6 - Sound localization and binaural hearing in normal and hearing-impaired people Chapter 7 - Speech perception by people with cochlear damage Chapter 8 - Limitations and potentials of hearing aids
Effects of emotional feedback on children, using different modalities

The potential for involving emotions in human–technology interaction has received considerable attention in many fields of design, as it has many implications in the design of educational applications to improve learner–computer interaction. This study attempted to create emotionally supportive learning environments by adding emotional feedback through cues from vocal and facial expression. Faces and voices are powerful sources of emotional information through visual and auditory modalities, the two main components of multimedia. Two quasi-experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of visual and auditory emotional feedback on the instruction of school-age children with regard to their perceived social presence, intrinsic motivation, and performance during the learning process. The independent variables in the first experiment were speech and static facial expression. A total of 173 sixth graders participated in the experiments. Results of the first experiment demonstrated that children preferred the auditory modality of speech to the visual modality of facial expression. In the second experiment, the independent variables were speech and dynamic facial expression. The findings revealed no significant differences between speech and dynamic facial expression, indicating that emotional feedback through audio displays or visual displays could function equally in the social perceptions of children, and help to motivate them in learning activities. Dynamic facial expression and speech work alternately. The findings of this study may help designers to create emotionally supportive learning environments for children, using emotional feedback through speech and facial expression.
Cogging torque minimization of SMC motor with axially tapered stator tooth tip

In this paper, a novel stator structure with axially tapered stator tooth tip is proposed to mitigate cogging torque and reduce the machine back EMF harmonics. Furthermore, the stator tooth tips are specifically designed to provide balanced axial electromagnetic force. In order to realize continuous variation of stator tooth tip widths, the soft magnetic composite (SMC) material is used for the stator core. It is theoretically demonstrated that the cogging torque of the new structure can be reduced greatly compared with the conventional stator structure. Finally, the theoretical analysis results are confirmed by the finite-element analysis (FEA) results. A prototype has been designed and under manufactured.
Immediate Memory and the “Perception” of Letter Sequences

It is suggested that the relationship observed by Miller, Bruner and Postman (1954) between the redundancy and the accuracy of reproduction of tachistoscopically presented letter sequences is not a perceptual effect as they suggest, but is due to the informational limitations of immediate memory. An experiment is performed which shows an exactly similar relationship between redundancy and number of letters correctly reproduced when exposure time is long enough for the subject to read out, and hence perceive, all the material with complete accuracy. It is concluded that the more redundant the letter sequence and the longer the exposure time, the more effectively the sequence can be coded and the better it will be recalled.
Association of cerebral small vessel disease with delusions in patients with Alzheimer's disease

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is frequently observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the association between SVD and clinical symptoms exhibited by patients with AD remains unclear. This study examined the association of SVD as observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and cognitive function of patients with probable AD.
Neutral decay of double-holed doubly excited resonances of N2.

The neutral decay of doubly excited resonances (DER's) of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ has been observed by measuring the excitation spectrum of vacuum ultraviolet fluorescence emitted from photodissociation fragments in the 20\char21{}38-eV region. A number of DER's with the [(1${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}_{\mathit{u}}$${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$(3${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{g}}$${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}_{\mathit{g}}$${)}^{1}$:C $^{2}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{\mathit{u}}^{+}$]ns${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{g}}$ Rydberg series (n=3\char21{}10) have been revealed. Rydberg progressions onto the ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}^{+}$(D $^{2}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{\mathit{g}}$) state have also been observed. Strongly dissociative DER's correlating with satellites have been shown as broad peaks in the 23\char21{}33-eV region, which have appeared to have a correlation with the single-holed (X $^{2}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{\mathit{g}}^{+}$)${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{u}}$ shape resonance.
HIV type 1 genetic variability in the northern part of Cameroon.

In 1995, 53 blood samples from Muslim patients with AIDS, or who were thought to have AIDS, were collected in the main hospitals of Adamaoua Province, in the northern part of Cameroon. The variable env C2V3 region of HIV-1 was amplified by nested PCR and phylogenetically analyzed. The results indicated that of 15 amplified samples, 1 belonged to HIV-1 group O, 1 to HIV-1 subtype D, 1 to subtype G, 2 to subtype H, and 10 to subtype A. Furthermore, the northern Cameroonian subtype A could be divided into at least two subclusters as shown by the env tree as well as by two remarkably conserved hexameric amino acid sequences in the apex of V3 (GPGQAF in one subcluster and GPGQTF in the other). This distinction suggests that the HIV-1 subtype A circulating in northern Cameroon evolved from two main sources. More recently, three HIV-1 strains from Nigeria (IBNG) and Djibouti (DJ263 and DJ264), previously reported on the basis of their env C2V3 sequences as subtype A, were found to have a similar A/G mosaic structure alongside their full-length sequence and were tentatively designated as members of a new subtype called "IBNG. " Interestingly, within the northern Cameroonian subtype A described, the isolates of the second subcluster clustered distinctly with these A/G mosaic strains, strongly suggesting that they may be members of the IBNG subtype.
Characterization of the Mucor circinelloides life cycle by on‐line image analysis

Aims: The life cycle of the dimorphic fungus Mucor circinelloides was studied in a temperature‐controlled flow‐through cell, which constitutes an ideal tool when following the development of individual cells, with a view to understanding the growth and differentiation processes occurring in and between the different morphological forms of the organism.
Comparison of in‐hospital mortality in patients with COPD, asthma and asthma–COPD overlap exacerbations

Obstructive airway diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have airflow limitation associated with chronic inflammation. Using a national inpatient database in Japan, we aimed to evaluate factors affecting in‐hospital mortality in patients with asthma, COPD or asthma–COPD overlap (ACO).
NEW TRENDS IN ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTERS TESTING

In this paper, new state of the art analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) testing techniques both static and dynamic are revised and discussed. Regarding the static test it is shown that a new technique based on the use of small triangular waves superimposed with a variable offset value as input signal, reduces dramatically the test duration. This histogram based technique can be implemented by using low cost generators even for high resolution ADC testing. In relation to the dynamic test, a variant of the traditional histogram test using Gaussian noise as stimulus signal is discussed. It allows the test of high frequency, or high resolution ADCs in those cases where the traditional sinusoidal stimuli are not available with the required spectral purity. New techniques to grant convergence of the traditional four-parameter sine fitting algorithms traditionally used in time domain tests are also revised.
High resolution surface reconstruction from overlapping multiple-views

Extracting a computer model of a real scene from a sequence of views, is one of the most challenging and fundamental problems in computer vision. Stereo vision algorithms allow us to extract from the images a sparse 3D point cloud on the scene surfaces. However, computing an accurate mesh of the scene based on such poor quality data points (noise, sparsity) is very difficult. Here we describe a simple yet original approach that uses both the stereo vision extracted point cloud and the calibrated images. Our method is a three-stage process in which the first stage merges, filters and smoothes the input 3D points. The second stage builds for each calibrated image a triangular depth-map and fuses the set of depth-maps into a triangle soup that minimize violations of size and visibility constraints. Finally, a mesh is computed from the triangle soup using a reconstruction method that combines restricted Delaunay triangulation and Delaunay refinement.