Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic generation of moving crowd using chaos and electric charge model

User support by a computer is desired for creating computer graphics. Automatic generation of moving human crowd is one of such demands. The feature of human crowd is that the behavior of each figure is independent, but the crowd, as a huge mass of it, has a pattern as a whole. It is too troublesome if the user inputs the all coordinates data of this behavior. This paper describes the modelling method using chaos and electric charge model. Chaos is convenient to represent such features. Electric charge model can represent the detail of each figure's movement.
The Dependence of Coherence Estimates of Spontaneous EEG on Gender and Music Training

This study examined differences in the spontaneous electroencephalographic (EEG) signal in terms of music training and gender. Coherence estimates obtained by spectral analysis provided an efficacious method to study these differences. In the first study, differences in the spontaneous EEG between subjects with and without music training were observed. Subjects with music training exhibited significantly higher coherence values both within and between cerebral hemispheres when compared with subjects without music training. The most striking differences were observed in the two lowest (delta and theta) and two highest (beta 1 and beta 2) bands, with differences in the temporoparietal regions of both hemispheres being most prominent. The findings are discussed in terms of specialized organization of brain activity that influences cortical connectivity. Using the same method, differences in spontaneous EEG were also found between male and female subjects. Females tended to have significantly higher interhemispheric coherence values when compared with males. Both findings are also supported by recently discovered anatomic differences.
Cache friendly sparse matrix-vector multiplication

Sparse matrix-vector multiplication or SpMXV is an important kernel in scientific computing. For example, the conjugate gradient method (CG) is an iterative linear system solving process where multiplication of the coefficient matrix A with a dense vector x is the main computational step accounting for as much as 90% of the overall running time. Though the total number of arithmetic operations (involving nonzero entries only) to compute Ax is fixed, reducing the probability of cache misses per operation is still a challenging area of research. This preprocessing is done once and its cost is amortized by repeated multiplications. Computers that employ cache memory to improve the speed of data access rely on reuse of data that are brought into the cache memory. The challenge is to exploit data locality especially for unstructured problems: modeling data locality in this context is hard.
MIMO Relay Networks with Distributed TAS/MRC

We present new statistical properties of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relaying with distributed transmit antenna selection and receiver maximal-ratio combining (TAS/MRC). In particular, we derive new expressions for the exact and the first order expansions of the cumulative distribution function (cdf). Based on these, new closed-form expressions are derived for the exact and the first order expansions of the moment generating function (mgf). We then present a new concise expression for the symbol error rate (SER) with M-ary phase-shift keying in the high SNR regime. Our asymptotic SER expression explicitly reveals the diversity order and the array gain of the MIMO relay network.
TP53 and head and neck neoplasms

Head and neck cancer is an important health problem around the world, accounting for approximately 500,000 new cases each year of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Carcinogenesis of head and neck results from a dysregulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. The major etiologic agents are tobacco and alcohol consumption and for some cases, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. All three factors are associated with the disruption of a cellular pathway essential for the maintenance of cellular integrity, the p53 pathway. The objective of this review is to point out the specificity of p53 gene (TP53) alterations in head and neck cancer in relation with chemocarcinogenesis and to discuss whether or not the determination of p53 alterations will be of clinical relevance in the management of head and neck cancer in terms of prognosis and response to treatments. Hum Mutat 21:252–257, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Appropriateness of pediatric admissions to a tertiary care facility in Israel.

BACKGROUND Appropriateness of hospital admission has both clinical and economic relevance, especially in light of the growing pressure for increased efficiency of health services utilization. In Israel, the number of referrals and use of the emergency room continue to rise along with an increase in hospital admissions and the number of inappropriate admissions. Using evaluation protocols, such as the Pediatric Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol, international studies have shown that 10-30% of hospital admissions are medically unnecessary. Inappropriate hospitalizations have an economic impact as well as medical and psychological effects on the child and the family. OBJECTIVES To assess the extent and characteristics of inappropriate pediatric admissions to a tertiary care facility in Israel. METHODS We conducted a prospective study using chart review of pediatric admissions to Soroka University Medical Center on 18 randomly selected days in 1993, and evaluated the appropriateness of admissions using the PAEP. RESULTS Of the 221 pediatric admissions 18% were evaluated as inappropriate. The main reason for such an evaluation was that the problem could have been managed on an ambulatory basis. Inappropriate admissions were associated with hospitals stays of 2 or less days, children older than 1 year of age, Jewish children, and self-referrals to the pediatric emergency room. CONCLUSIONS The assessment and identification of characteristics of inappropriate hospital admissions can serve as indicators of problems in healthcare management and as a basis for improving quality of care and developing appropriate medical decision-making processes.
The concept of peripheral modulation of bladder sensation

It is recognized that, as the bladder fills, there is a corresponding increase in sensation. This awareness of the volume in the bladder is then used in a complex decision making process to determine if there is a need to void. It is also part of everyday experience that, when the bladder is full and sensations strong, these sensations can be suppressed and the desire to void postponed. The obvious explanation for such altered perceptions is that they occur centrally. However, this may not be the only mechanism. There are data to suggest that descending neural influences and local factors might regulate the sensitivity of the systems within the bladder wall generating afferent activity. Specifically, evidence is accumulating to suggest that the motor-sensory system within the bladder wall is influenced in this way. The motor-sensory system, first described over 100 years ago, appears to be a key component in the afferent outflow, the afferent “noise,” generated within the bladder wall. However, the presence and possible importance of this complex system in the generation of bladder sensation has been overlooked in recent years. As the bladder fills the motor activity increases, driven by cholinergic inputs and modulated, possibly, by sympathetic inputs. In this way information on bladder volume can be transmitted to the CNS. It can be argued that the ability to alter the sensitivity of the mechanisms generating the motor component of this motor-sensory system represents a possible indirect way to influence afferent activity and so the perception of bladder volume centrally. Furthermore, it is emerging that the apparent modulation of sensation by drugs to alleviate the symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB), the anti-cholinergics and the new generation of drugs the β3 sympathomimetics, may be the result of their ability to modulate the motor component of the motor sensory system. The possibility of controlling sensation, physiologically and pharmacologically, by influencing afferent firing at its point of origin is a “new” concept in bladder physiology. It is one that deserves careful consideration as it might have wider implications for our understanding of bladder pathology and in the development of new therapeutic drugs. In this overview, evidence for the concept peripheral modulation of bladder afferent outflow is explored.
Galactic dynamo action in presence of stochastic α and shear

Using a one-dimensional αω-dynamo model appropriate to galaxies, we study the possibility of dynamo action driven by a stochastic α-effect and shear. To determine the field evolution, one needs to examine a large number of different realizations of the stochastic component of α. The net growth or decay of the field depends not only on the dynamo parameters but also on the particular realization, the correlation time of the stochastic α compared to turbulent diffusion time-scale and the time over which the system is evolved. For dynamos where both a coherent and fluctuating α are present, the stochasticity of can help alleviate catastrophic dynamo quenching, even in the absence of helicity fluxes. One can obtain final field strengths up to a fraction ˜0.01 of the equipartition field Beq for dynamo numbers |D| ˜ 40, while fields comparable to B eq require much larger degree of α-fluctuations or shear. This type of dynamo may be particularly useful for amplifying fields in the central regions of disc galaxies.
Analysis: The Defining Phase of Systematic Training

The problem and solution. The analysis phase of analysis, design, develop, implement, evaluate (ADDIE) was originally based on the understanding that training was needed and that analyzing the content was the starting point. Over time the analysis phase has become the defining phase as it moved up from job-task analysis for identifying the content of a training program to (a) analyzing a worker performance problem that can be addressed by training, (b) to identifying and analyzing a worker-work system performance problem that can be addressed by a combination management and training intervention, and (c) on to an analysis process for diagnosing performance in an organization that may or may not involve training as part of a performance improvement intervention. The contemporary analysis process is designed to help decision makers gain a clear understanding of the “gaps” between the desired and current performance and the factors or variables impinging on them.
HIGHER FUNCTIONS AND PLASTICITY IN VISUAL PATHWAYS

A summary of the visual pathways in the brain is presented as a basis for considering abnormalities in this system. The role of the cortical associative regions in visual function is briefly delineated. A short summary of experiments describing plastic properties of the visual pathways at early age is also presented, and experiments describing neural and behavioural changes after binocular deprivation are reviewed. It is concluded that early visual deprivation leads to a profound alteration of the associative systems of the brain and that in monkeys and humans these changes are difficult to remedy later. Therefore early detection and correction of visual abnormalities is very important as well as early compensation using other forms of sensory communication.
Open and Flexible Embedded System Applied to Positioning and Telecontrol

This paper presents the development and testing of an open and flexible embedded system applied to positioning and telecontrol (OFESAPO) for outdoor applications. The system is composed of a control center (CC) and a set of remote terminal units (RTUs); the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60870-5 series has been chosen for communication among them. This is a standard protocol of real-time telecontrol applications. The CC is a personal computer, and the RTUs are based on open hardware and software. The RTU hardware is an embedded system, i.e., a system-on-chip-type design using field-programmable gate array that has been programmed with the open-core LEON running Linux operating system. For prototyping, the GR-XC3S-1500 board has been used. As there is no open source code available for the IEC standard protocols, an open source code has also been implemented. Hence, both the hardware and the software are open source in OFESAPO. Several tests have been made to show the system's limitations and the suitability for real-time applications. A prototype has also been tested in a real environment, where the real position of two moving RTUs was shown by a CC using Google Map.
Dynamics of fish shoals: identifying key decision rules

Social aggregations of fish are extremely common in nature. Pitcher (1983) defines a social aggregation of fish as a shoal, with a highly polarized shoal constituting a school. The ultimate causes of fish shoaling have been extensively studied and are well established, with the main causes being protection from predators and enhanced foraging ability. The proximate mechanisms by which groups are maintained are less well understood. Several models exist that examine these decision rules. A common theme to these models is the existence of a region at large nearest-neighbour distances (NND), where an individual will move towards its nearest neighbour, and a region of repulsion at small NND, where the individual will move away from its nearest neighbour. Recent models (Gueron et al., 1996; Couzin and Krause, 2003) suggest that shoaling decisions may not be instantaneous, instead being hierarchical as fish assess the presence or absence of one or more neighbours in zones of attraction, repulsion and neutrality. Here a mixed shoal of creek chubs (Semotilus atromaculatus) and blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) was examined in the field through video recording and digitization of images. Shoal dynamics were examined both under normal, undisturbed conditions, and in the presence of a simulated predator. By tracking the movements of individual fish over time, we find evidence for both attraction and repulsion zones. But three other novel features emerge as well. First, between regions where focal fish are attracted to, or are repulsed by, neighbours, there appears to be a ‘neutral zone’, where no consistent response occurs. Second, changes in NND at far distances, more so than at close distances, are affected not only by the position of nearest neighbours, but by the orientation of their velocity vectors as well. Third, the effect of increased fear level of fish induced by the appearance of simulated predators is a decrease in both the average NND and the sizes of the stress, attraction and neutral behavioural zones.
Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women.

BACKGROUND Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis is a promising approach for preventing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in heterosexual populations. METHODS We conducted a randomized trial of oral antiretroviral therapy for use as preexposure prophylaxis among HIV-1-serodiscordant heterosexual couples from Kenya and Uganda. The HIV-1-seronegative partner in each couple was randomly assigned to one of three study regimens--once-daily tenofovir (TDF), combination tenofovir-emtricitabine (TDF-FTC), or matching placebo--and followed monthly for up to 36 months. At enrollment, the HIV-1-seropositive partners were not eligible for antiretroviral therapy, according to national guidelines. All couples received standard HIV-1 treatment and prevention services. RESULTS We enrolled 4758 couples, of whom 4747 were followed: 1584 randomly assigned to TDF, 1579 to TDF-FTC, and 1584 to placebo. For 62% of the couples followed, the HIV-1-seronegative partner was male. Among HIV-1-seropositive participants, the median CD4 count was 495 cells per cubic millimeter (interquartile range, 375 to 662). A total of 82 HIV-1 infections occurred in seronegative participants during the study, 17 in the TDF group (incidence, 0.65 per 100 person-years), 13 in the TDF-FTC group (incidence, 0.50 per 100 person-years), and 52 in the placebo group (incidence, 1.99 per 100 person-years), indicating a relative reduction of 67% in the incidence of HIV-1 with TDF (95% confidence interval [CI], 44 to 81; P<0.001) and of 75% with TDF-FTC (95% CI, 55 to 87; P<0.001). Protective effects of TDF-FTC and TDF alone against HIV-1 were not significantly different (P=0.23), and both study medications significantly reduced the HIV-1 incidence among both men and women. The rate of serious adverse events was similar across the study groups. Eight participants receiving active treatment were found to have been infected with HIV-1 at baseline, and among these eight, antiretroviral resistance developed in two during the study. CONCLUSIONS Oral TDF and TDF-FTC both protect against HIV-1 infection in heterosexual men and women. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Partners PrEP ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00557245.).
A New Approach for Quality Enforcement in Communities of Web Services

Nowadays, Web Services are considered as de facto and attracting distributed approach of application/services integration over the Internet. Web Services can also operate within communities to improve their visibility and market share. In a community, Web Services usually offer competing and/or complementing services. In this paper, we augment the community approach by defining a specific-purpose community to monitor Web Services operating in any Web Services community. This monitoring community consists of a set of Web Services capable of observing other Web Services. Clients, providers, as well as managers of communities can make use of the monitoring community to check if a Web Service is operating as expected. This paper defines the overall architecture of the monitoring community, the business model behind, different rules and terms to be respected by its members, services it offers to its various classes of customers. The paper also presents promising experimental results using the monitoring community.
Finite-Time Stabilization Using Implicit Lyapunov Function Technique

The Implicit Lyapunov Function (ILF) method for finite-time stability analysis is introduced. The control algorithm for finite-time stabilization of a chain of integrators is developed. The scheme of control parameters selection is presented by a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI). The robustness of the finite-time control algorithm with respect to system uncertainties and disturbances is studied. The new high order sliding mode (HOSM) control is derived as a particular case of the developed finite-time control algorithm. The settling time estimate is obtained using ILF method. The algorithm of practical implementation of the ILF control scheme is discussed. The theoretical results are supported by numerical simulations.
Synergism of Glucocorticoid Hormone with Growth Hormone for Female-Specific Mouse Cyp3a44 Gene Expression

CYP3A44 and CYP3A41 are female-specific CYP3A in the mouse liver. In primary cultured mouse hepatocytes, dexamethasone concentration-dependently induced CYP3A44 mRNA, and the highest response was seen at 10-5 M. In contrast, CYP3A41 mRNA expression was highest at lower concentrations (10-7 or 10-6 M). At submicromolar concentration (10-7 M), the induction of CYP3A44 mRNA was very slight, but strongly enhanced induction was observed by the simultaneous addition of growth hormone (GH). Similar enhancement was also observed in CYP3A41 mRNA expression. Continuous exposure to GH, which mimics female-type secretion from the pituitary gland, was effective to enhance the expression of both mRNAs, but discontinuous exposure (male-type) was not. This synergistic induction of CYP3A44 mRNA was further enhanced by the transfection of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression plasmid or by the cotransfection of pregnane X receptor (PXR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) α expression plasmids. Similar synergistic induction was seen in CYP3A41 mRNA by the transfection of GR expression plasmid but was not enhanced by cotransfection of PXR and RXR expression plasmids. These observations suggest that functional cross-talk between signaling pathways of female-type GH secretion and glucocorticoid hormone might be involved in the female-predominant expression of both genes. Additionally, one or more nuclear receptors mediating induction by glucocorticoid hormone are employed for collaboration with GH.
Impact of a Transition from Respiratory Virus Shell Vial to Multiplex PCR on Clinical Outcomes and Cost in Hospitalized Children

While respiratory virus PCR panel (RVPP) is more expensive than shell vial (SV) cell culture, it has been shown to reduce unnecessary diagnostic procedures, decrease the inappropriate use of antimicrobials, and shorten the hospital length of stay (LOS). We therefore hypothesized that, for hospitalized children, RVPP would be associated with improved clinical outcomes but higher hospital charges than SV cell culture. We performed a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized children. Multivariate analysis was performed, and p-values were calculated. Respiratory virus testing was collected in a total of 1625 inpatient encounters, of which 156 were tested positive by RVPP (57.7%) and 112 were tested positive by SV (11.1%, p < 0.05). Excluding human rhinovirus (HRV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) from the analysis, patients with a positive test from SV had more comorbidities (p = 0.04) and higher mortality (p = 0.008). Patients with a positive test from RVPP had shorter LOS (p = 0.0503). Hospital charges for patients with a positive test from RVPP were lower, but not significantly so. When a multivariate analysis was performed, there were no statistically significant differences in comorbidities, mortality, LOS, or median hospital charges between those patients with a positive SV and those with a positive RVPP. Although testing with RVPP significantly increased the detection of respiratory viruses, clinical outcomes remained comparable to those tested with SV, however RVPP was found to not be associated with higher long-term hospital costs.
Organizational culture and innovation culture: exploring the relationships between constructs

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of organizational culture (OC) on the building blocks of innovation culture (IC) in Iranian auto companies.Design/methodology – In total, a sample of six large auto companies were examined and 245 questionnaires completed by employees. A conceptual model was developed and the hypotheses analyzed by using exploratory factor analysis and then the direct and indirect effects of constructs were analyzed by path analysis technique.Findings – Findings suggest that the constructs of OC correlate with those of IC. These correlations are all positive except for the relations between consistency and organizational learning, as well as of that between consistency and creativity and improvement.Practical implications – First, this paper has checked the validity of both questionnaires in an Iranian context so that they could be used with more confidence. Second, innovation can flow in the organizations when organizational culture supports it. This researc.