Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Origin of Carbonatites: Evidence from Phase Equilibrium Studies

An integrated model is developed for the generation of crustal carbonatites from deep-mantle carbon, some probably derived through subduction. After generation of silicate melts in the asthenosphere, the melts are then processed in the lithosphere associated with rifting, and parental nephelinitic melts from about 75 km depth then yield the carbon in the form of carbonatite at depths between 75 km and the surface. Experimental phase equilibrium data are reviewed covering: (a) melting temperature for Ca-Mg carbonates to 30 Kb (100 km depth) and the effect of H_2O and alkalis in lowering liquidus temperatures down to those appropriate for the precipitation of calcite and dolomite in magmatic carbonatites; (b) conditions for the precipitation with calcite of accessory minerals pyrochlore, apatite, sulphide, bastnaesite, barite, and fluorite; (c) the relationships between silicate and carbonatite melts, with respect to crystal fractionation, the syntexis hypotheses, and silicate-carbonate liquid immiscibility; (d) the effect of CO_2 in generating Ca-Na carbonatite melts from peridotite and other rocks at temperatures lower than normal rock melting temperatures; (e) the effect of CO_2 in the generation of Ca-Mg carbonatite melts from peridotite at depths greater than 75 km; (f) the generation of kimberlite-like magmas in the asthenosphere and lower lithosphere; (g) the uprise of those magmas with thinning of the lithosphere beneath a rift, and the formation of magma chambers at about 75 km depth; (h) the eruption of parental nephelinitic or melilititic magmas from this level; and (i) the formation of carbonatites by fractionation or immiscibility from these parents, at 75 km, or within the crust. The real prospect that primary carbonatites could be erupted from the mantle justifies a search for them, but the high ratio of silicate: carbonatite in most alkalic complexes argues against this origin.
Multi-Focus Microscopy Image Fusion Based on Swin Transformer Architecture

In this study, we introduce the U-Swin fusion model, an effective and efficient transformer-based architecture designed for the fusion of multi-focus microscope images. We utilized the Swin-Transformer with shifted window and path merging as the encoder for extracted hierarchical context features. Additionally, a Swin-Transformer-based decoder with patch expansion was designed to perform the un-sampling operation, generating the fully focused image. To enhance the performance of the feature decoder, the skip connections were applied to concatenate the hierarchical features from the encoder with the decoder up-sample features, like U-net. To facilitate comprehensive model training, we created a substantial dataset of multi-focus images, primarily derived from texture datasets. Our modulators demonstrated superior capability for multi-focus image fusion to achieve comparable or even better fusion images than the existing state-of-the-art image fusion algorithms and demonstrated adequate generalization ability for multi-focus microscope image fusion. Remarkably, for multi-focus microscope image fusion, the pure transformer-based U-Swin fusion model incorporating channel mix fusion rules delivers optimal performance compared with most existing end-to-end fusion models.
Formation of gibbsite in soils and saprolites of temperature-humid zones

Analysis of the distribution of gibbsite in soils and saprolites of Galicia, NW Spain, leads to the conclusion that this mineral is mostly formed by inorganic mechanisms in open, well-drained and desaturated systems in the initial stages of weathering of various aluminosili- cates, especially plagioclases. No evidence has been found to support the hypothesis that it is a feature inherited from hotter climates, as it has not been identified to date either in ancient sediments or in the most evolved and weathered soils. The role of organic matter and the possibility ofa biogeochemical origin is also discussed: it is considered that this mechanism is only important during podsolic soil development. The presence of gibbsite in surface formations is generally attributed to the action of weathering processes of high intensity and of great duration. This concept derives from the greater abundance of gibbsite in soils and weathering products in tropical environments and has led to the presence of this mineral being considered as an indication of advanced stages of weathering, characteristic of the more developed soils. In the last 20 years, however, gibbsite has been identified in non-tropical (temperate- humid) climates (Mufioz Taboadela, 1952, 1953; Alietti, 1963; Wada et al., 1966; Barshad, 1966; Gorbunov, 1968; Tardy, 1969; Dejou et al., 1972, 1978). According to Dejou et al. (1972), gibbsite is defined as a 'mineral banal d'alteration . dans les zones temper~es humides'. It has also been identified in alpine climates by Reynolds (1971) and Brewer & Haldane (1973) and even in subtropical climates of arid tendency, although in very small amounts. In most cases, its presence in climates other than tropical has been explained as a relict of hot-humid palaeoclimatic conditions. However, data confirming the formation of this mineral under other environments and during the initial stages of weathering (Delvigne, 1965) have become increasingly more frequent~ Eswaran & De Coninck (1971) found gibbsite in Inceptisols as well as in very well developed tropical soils (Oxisols and Ultisols). Mizota (1976) identified it in Andosols less than 3000 years old and Wada & Aomine (1973) in soils derived from recent volcanic ashes in which the olivines were not weathered. Baudraco (1977) pointed out that gibbsite can be formed in a relatively short time from gels originating in fissures of granodioritic rocks through which water circulates. Hsu (1977) stated that there is no relationship between the age of a soil and the presence of gibbsite and Herbillon (1978) inferred that gibbsite is typically an intrazonal mineral. Pedro (1979), Henin & Pedro (1979) and Pedro & Sieffermann (1979) recently specified the conditions of gibbsite formation. Thermodynamic and kinetic data also indicate that gibbsite can appear in the first
Ontologies of Cree Hydrography: Formalization and Realization

The World Wide Web will be revolutionized as computers gain the ability not only to process data, but also to interpret it. This computer reasoning functionality will be enabled in large part through the widespread use of a new kind of metadata called ontologies, which are formal models of concepts which computers can use to interpret data. Ontologies give computers the ability to, among other things, infer new information from data, disambiguate similar terms, and draw inferences. The concepts which different cultures use to understand the world are not the same, and so the development of ontologies to be used throughout the World Wide Web is quite problematic. One particularly stark contrast is between the geographical concepts of Western peoples, or those descended from Europeans, and indigenous peoples. Yet there has been no attempt to develop or implement a geographical ontology with an indigenous people. This thesis represents the first attempt to do this. Research was conducted with the Cree of Quebec. A geographical ontology was developed with Cree concepts, implemented in software in three different ways, and this software was tested with Cree users. Results show that geographical ontologies developed with Cree concepts have unique design considerations. Cree users were interested in the implementation of the ontology as a feature-type catalog, though the uses of the ontology to tailor the responses of a map-based graphical user interface to user input did not improve any aspects of user experience. %%%%Le Web sera revolutionne par le fait que les ordinateurs gagnent en capacite de traiter non seulement des donnees, mais egalement de les interpreter. Cette fonctionnalite de l'ordinateur a simuler le raisonnement est en grande partie ce qui permettra l'utilisation repandue d'un nouveau genre de meta-donnees appele les ontologies; ce sont des modeles formels de concepts que les ordinateurs peuvent employer pour interpreter les donnees. Les ontologies donnent entre autres aux ordinateurs la capacite d'inferer de nouvelles informations a partir de donnees, de desambiguiser des termes semblables, et d'en tirer de nouvelles inferences. Les concepts que l'on retrouvent dans differentes cultures pour decrire le monde sont tres differents , et compte tenu de cette realite, le developpement des ontologies a employer dans tout le Web est des plus problematique. Un bon exemple de contraste radical entre les concepts geographiques est celui des peuples occidentaux ou ceux descendus des Europeens, et ceux des peuples autochtones. A ce jour, il n'y a eu aucun effort systematique pour developper ou mettre en application une ontologie geographique propre aux autochtones. Cette these en represente une premiere tentative. Cette recherche a ete entreprise avec les Cris du Quebec et une ontologie geographique a ete developpee avec des concepts qui leur sont propres, mise en application de trois manieres differentes avec l'aide de logiciel, et examine par des utilisateurs Cris. Les resultats demontrent que les ontologies…
Energy Regulation in Inflammatory Sarcopenia by the Purinergic System

The purinergic system has a dual role: the maintenance of energy balance and signaling within cells. Adenosine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are essential for maintaining these functions. Sarcopenia is characterized by alterations in the control of energy and signaling in favor of catabolic pathways. This review details the association between the purinergic system and muscle and adipose tissue homeostasis, discussing recent findings in the involvement of purinergic receptors in muscle wasting and advances in the use of the purinergic system as a novel therapeutic target in the management of sarcopenia.
Integrative Multi-Information Fusion for Enhanced Risk Assessment: A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Framework

This study addresses the burgeoning challenges in autonomous Maritime navigation by employing information fusion methodologies to assess and manage multifaceted risks. The proliferation of autonomous maritime systems has led to a complex interplay among maritime-related, shore-based remote control, environmental, and emergency management factors, necessitating a comprehensive risk evaluation framework. Leveraging a multi-criteria decision-making approach and employing the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), this research presents a methodical analysis of the coupling coordination degree among these risk variables. Through a meticulous examination of historical accident data and information fusion techniques, our study reveals dynamic trends in the comprehensive risk evaluation index, showcasing the evolving nature of risks inherent in autonomous Maritime navigation. The predictive insights gleaned from these analyses forecast an initial increase followed by a peak in accidents, underscoring the urgency for proactive risk mitigation strategies. This study's conclusions emphasize the pivotal role of information fusion methodologies in comprehensively assessing, understanding, and managing risks within autonomous Maritime navigation.
Infant Cry Detection With Lightweight Wavelet Scattering Networks

Devices equipped with algorithms for detecting infant cries allow parents to respond immediately to their crying babies. However, improving detection performance often requires complex algorithms that consume more computing resources, leading to increased power consumption and prices. In this study, we propose a novel approach that leverages first-order Wavelet Scattering Coefficients (WSC) as translation-invariant and deformation-stable representations of infant crying sounds. Based on this approach, we introduce an end-to-end Deep Neural Network (DNN) architecture designed to detect crying using merely 17K parameters and 22.7M MACs. The accuracy results, with a 96.98% accuracy rate on open-source datasets, demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our model for detecting infant cries in real-world environments.
Correlative study of Aerosol Optical Depth with Precipitable water over five AERONET station across the world

Ground-based measurements were taken at various locations, including Kathmandu Bode, Beijing, Gandhi College (located in South Asian zone, highly polluted area), Canberra, and UNC Gaitan (located in South Eastern zone, low polluted area), from January to December 2016. The study investigated the seasonal and inter-annual AOD that were obtained using CIMEL Sunphotometer, as a part of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The data showed that Kathmandu (0.45±0.01), Gandhi College (0.45±0.02 and Beijing (0.85±0.03) had higher AOD values compared to other stations, with Kathmandu being a high-altitude site. The analysis found that pre-monsoon AOD were higher over Kathmandu (0.45±0.01), Gandhi College (0.45±0.02), UNC Gaitan (0.28±0.001), and Canberra (0.06±0.002). On the other hand, the monsoon AOD was higher over Beijing (0.85±0.03). The study identified various factors contributing to the higher AOD values in specific regions. Beijing, Gandhi College, and Kathmandu, located in Asian monsoon regions, experienced high aerosol loading due to economic activities, vehicles, urbanization, vegetation fire, land clearing for crop cultivation, as well as winter biomass burning, heating needs, and pollution from bricks kilns, factories, and vehicles. Canberra and UNC Gaitan had higher AOD values primarily due to biomass burning and dust. AOD values are higher for shorter wavelength and vice-versa. We conducted a correlation analysis between AOD and perceptible water at different wavelengths and observed one to one correspondence. The columnar water vapor (CWV) exhibited a high correlation with AOD in Canberra (Coefficient of determination, R2 = 0.61) at 1640 nm but had no relationship with AOD in Gandhi College (Coefficient of determination, R2 = 0) at 1640nm. There is weak negative correlation between AOD and preceptable water over Kathmandu and UNC Gaitan, but have positive correlation in Canberra, Beijing and Gandhi College
Designing a Tangible User Interface (TUI) for the Elderly Based on Their Motivations and Game Elements

The elderly population has grown significantly in recent years, requiring strategies focused on promoting active aging to improve health and well-being. It may be achieved in many ways, including using technology for this population. We propose an interactive system for older adults based on a tangible user interface. A group of 10 experts conducted a heuristic evaluation of a system of this type utilizing a questionnaire and obtaining satisfactory results. This study evaluated the older adult population’s fun and pervasive game experience. The results will provide a basis for continuing to build this interactive system to promote active aging in older adults, either at the cognitive or physical level, depending on the applied approach.
Oceanic Rossby Wave Dynamics and the ENSO Period in a Coupled Model

Abstract Tropical ocean wave dynamics associated with the El Nino–Southern Oscillation cycle in a coupled model are examined. The ocean–atmosphere model consists of statistical atmosphere coupled to a simple reduced gravity model of the tropical Pacific Ocean. The statistical atmosphere is simple enough to allow for the structure and position of the wind stress anomalies to be externally specified. In a control simulation, where the structure of the wind stress anomaly is determined from observations, the model produces a regular 5-yr oscillation. This simulation is consistent with the so-called delayed oscillator theory in that subsurface wave dynamics determine the slow timescale of the oscillation and surface-layer processes are found to be of secondary importance. Kelvin and Rossby wave propagation is detected along the equator, with periods considerably shorter than the simulated oscillation period. The way in which these relatively fast waves are related to the simulated 5-yr oscillation is discusse.
Disability and employability in the audio-visual sector: the (dis)connection between corporate social sustainability goals and the employment experiences of people with disabilities

People with disabilities (PwD) have made significant progress in having their rights acknowledged, yet the ongoing presence of stigmas continues to hinder their full inclusion. The approach of the 2030 Agenda, as well as legislative developments focussed on improving the employment status of this group, have encouraged companies to express growing concern for this issue in their sustainability reports. However, such efforts have not resulted in a substantial increase in employment of PwD. The aim of this research is to gain knowledge regarding the dis(connection) between the corporate discourse of large Spanish audio-visual companies and the reality experienced by PwD employed in this sector. Using Atlas.ti software, a thematic relational analysis of two discourses has been carried out: firstly, the corporate narrative, which has been published in the sustainability reports of the three most prominent audio-visual groups in Spain; and secondly, the discourse regarding the experiences of three focus groups consisting of PwD employed in the audio-visual job market. The findings reveal that while these companies disseminate a positive view of diversity and inclusion, workers with disabilities continue to have a pessimistic outlook towards the situation. Moreover, companies are acutely interested in issues such as the commitment to inclusion and social equality, which they promote as part of their image. Furthermore, these companies include a variety of socially diverse factors, such as race, gender, age and/or general ability. On the contrary, the experiences related by the focus groups convey special concern for the role of different agents involved in the employment of PwD, such as companies, governments and associations, as well as apprehension regarding the policies and resources needed to achieve labour inclusion. Such discrepancies highlight the lack of cohesion between corporate policies of the audio-visual sector and the professional reality experienced by PwD.
Halting Deforestation and Forest Certification – What is the Macro-Impact of the Forest Stewardship Council?

Deforestation is threatening biodiversity and contributing to climate change. Halting deforestation is one of the key challenges for local and global governance. In recent years one can observe the emergence and proliferation of new governance mechanisms which aim to manage forests sustainably. One of these new mechanisms, which has received increasing attention in the literature, is certification by non-state actors. Certification implies, in this context, that forest management or timber products meet specified standards. In the context of timber and forest certification several certification initiatives have emerged of which the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is the most widely distributed and most credible initiative. This type of non-state market regulation of forests is by some authors regarded as one of the key mechanisms for global forest governance. Little empirical research has been conducted on the macro-impact of certification. The paper aims to make a contribution to this effort and focuses on the FSC as a specific case study. The paper analyzes two types of impact. On the one hand, the paper assesses the degree to which certification contributes to halting deforestation as a key component of sustainable forest management. On the other hand, the paper assesses the macro-impact of certification on governance since this is relevant in the context of Forest Law Enforcement and Governance (FLEG) and emerging global forest carbon schemes to halt deforestation and forest degradation (i.e. REDD), and refers to key principles outlined by the Forest Stewardship Council. The paper uses a dataset which contains originally collected data on FSC-certified forest surface area from nearly 1.000 forests worldwide and combines this with data from the FAO (forest coverage data), human development index and governance indicators in order to assess the potential and limits of forest certification as a governance tool to halt deforestation and develop sound (forest) governance. The paper shows that there is little impact on halting deforestation and that only a small proportion of forests worldwide is FSC certified. However, the paper does find significant variation in forest area certified between countries (especially in developed countries) pointing to the potential of forest certification. The paper further explores this finding by linking it to socio-economic development, ownership of forests and uses of forests. The paper finds a ‘stuck at the bottom’ problem which is related to the development levels of countries. Secondly the paper finds no direct impact on governance, as measured by the Worldbank Governance Indicators. The implication, both in term of opportunities and limitations are further discussed.
Investigation of the aerosol-cloud interaction using the weather research and forecasting framework

Investigation of the Aerosol-Cloud Interaction Using the Weather Research and Forecasting Framework. (August 2008) Guohui Li, B.S., University of Science and Technology of China; Ph.D., Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Renyi Zhang In this dissertation, a two-moment bulk microphysical scheme with aerosol effects is developed and implemented into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to investigate the aerosol-cloud interaction. Sensitivities of cloud properties to the representation of aerosol size distributions are first evaluated using a simple box model and a cloud resolving model with a detailed spectral-bin microphysics, indicating that the three-moment method generally exhibits better performance in modeling cloud properties than the two-moment method against the sectional approach. A convective cloud event occurring on August 24, 2000 in Houston, Texas is investigated using the WRF model, and the simulation results are qualitatively in agreement with the measurements. Simulations with various aerosol profiles demonstrate that the response of precipitation to the increase of aerosol concentrations is non-monotonic. The maximal cloud cover, core updraft, and maximal vertical velocity exhibit similar responses as precipitation. The WRF model with the two-moment microphysical scheme successfully simulates the development of a squall line that occurred in the south plains of the U.S.
Influence of Curing Temperature on the Strength of a Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer

The present work focuses on the further development of a new family of geopolymers obtained by the alkaline activation of a binder. The aim is to find a viable alternative to concrete that can be used in civil construction. Regarding the influence of the curing temperature on this type of mixture, the recommendations in the existing literature are different for fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and metakaolin-based geopolymers. While for fly ash and slag, increasing the curing temperature above 60 °C is reported to be advantageous, for metakaolin geopolymers, the opposite is reported. In this context, the objective of this work is to evaluate the mechanical strength of several metakaolin-based geopolymer specimens subjected to different curing temperatures (10, 15, 20, 30, 40 and 50 °C). Furthermore, several stress-strain diagrams are also shown. Based on the results, we recommend using curing temperatures below 30 °C in order to avoid reducing the strength of metakaolin-based geopolymers. Curing at 50 °C, relative to room temperature, results in a reduction of more than 35% in flexural strength and a reduction of more than 60% in compressive strength. Regarding the behavior of the geopolymers, it was found that the strain, at the ultimate stress, is about 2 to 2.5 times the strain of an equivalent cement mortar.