Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A rapid finite difference algorithm, utilizing successive over‐relaxation to solve the Poisson–Boltzmann equation

An efficient algorithm is presented for the numerical solution of the Poisson–Boltzmann equation by the finite difference method of successive over‐relaxation. Improvements include the rapid estimation of the optimum relaxation parameter, reduction in number of operations per iteration, and vector‐oriented array mapping. The algorithm has been incorporated into the electrostatic program DelPhi, reducing the required computing time by between one and two orders of magnitude. As a result the estimation of electrostatic effects such as solvent screening, ion distributions, and solvation energies of small solutes and biological macromolecules in solution, can be performed rapidly, and with minimal computing facilities.
Frontal theta reveals further information about neural valence‐dependent processing of augmented feedback in extensive motor practice—A secondary analysis

Supplementing an earlier analysis of event‐related potentials in extensive motor learning (Margraf et al., 2022a, 2022b), frontal theta‐band activity (4–8 Hz) was scrutinized. Thirty‐seven participants learned a sequential arm movement with 192 trials in each of five practice sessions. Feedback, based on a performance adaptive bandwidth, was given after every trial. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in the first and last practice sessions. The degree of motor automatization was tested under dual‐task conditions in a pre‐test–post‐test design. Quantitative error information was transported in both feedback conditions (positive and negative). Frontal theta activity was discussed as a general signal that cognitive control is needed and, therefore, was expected to be higher after negative feedback. Extensive motor practice promotes automatization, and therefore, decreased frontal theta activity was expected in the later practice. Further, it was expected that frontal theta was predictive for subsequent behavioural adaptations and the amount of motor automatization. As the results show, induced frontal theta power was higher after negative feedback and decreased after five sessions of practice. Moreover, induced theta activity was predictive for error correction and, therefore, an indicator of whether the recruited cognitive resources successfully induced behavioural adaptations. It remains to be solved why these effects, which fit well with the theoretical assumptions, were only revealed by the induced part of frontal theta activity. Further, the amount of theta activity during practice was not predictive for the degree of motor automatization. It seems that there might be a dissociation between attentional resources associated with feedback processing and attentional resources associated with motor control.
Interpreting the risk analysis index of frailty in the context of surgical oncology

The Risk Analysis Index (RAI) accurately predicts adverse postoperative outcomes but the inclusion of cancer status in the RAI has raised two key concerns about its suitability for use in surgical oncology: (1) the potential over classification of cancer patients as frail, and (2) the potential overestimation of postoperative mortality for patients with surgically curable cancers.
The Effects of Virtual Zumba® on Functional Outcomes in Adults with Developmental Disabilities

ABSTRACT Introduction Few studies have examined the comprehensive impact of adaptive exercise interventions across multiple functional domains (i.e., physical and cognitive health) in adults with developmental disabilities (DD). Methods The present study examined the effects of a 10-wk (2 sessions per week, 1 h per session) adapted Zumba® intervention on the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG), Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance, body composition, and executive function in 44 adults with DD age 20.8–69.2 yr. In addition to examining overall differences between control and intervention conditions, the effects of different Zumba® tempos (normal/low) were examined. A crossover design with a 3-month wash-out period was used such that participants in the intervention also served as controls. The participants were quasi-randomized into one of two Zumba® conditions: low-tempo Zumba® (0.75 normal speed; n = 23) and normal-tempo Zumba® (n = 21). Results A significant condition–time interaction was observed for the 6MWT and TUG; participants in the low and normal-tempo Zumba® conditions significantly increased the distance walked for the 6MWT and reduced the total time for the TUG. No improvement was observed during the control condition for these measures. There were no significant condition–time interactions for the other outcomes. Conclusions These findings have implications on the efficacy and implementation of virtual Zumba® programs to increase abilities related to independent performance of activities of daily living in adults with disabilities.
The potential of biomarkers for diagnosing insomnia: Consensus statement of the WFSBP Task Force on Sleep Disorders

Abstract Objectives Thus far, the diagnosis of insomnia is based on purely clinical criteria. Although a broad range of altered physiological parameters has been identified in insomniacs, the evidence to establish their diagnostic usefulness is very limited. Purpose of this WFSBP Task Force consensus paper is to systematically evaluate a series of biomarkers as potential diagnostic tools for insomnia. Methods A newly created grading system was used for assessing the validity of various measurements in establishing the diagnosis of insomnia; these measurements originated from relevant studies selected and reviewed by experts. Results The measurements with the highest diagnostic performance were those derived from psychometric instruments. Biological measurements which emerged as potentially useful diagnostic instruments were polysomnography-derived cyclic alternating pattern, actigraphy, and BDNF levels, followed by heart rate around sleep onset, deficient melatonin rhythm, and certain neuroimaging patterns (mainly for the activity of frontal and pre-frontal cortex, hippocampus and basal ganglia); yet, these findings need replication, as well as establishment of commonly accepted methodology and diagnostic cut-off points. Routine polysomnography, EEG spectral analysis, heart rate variability, skin conductance, thermoregulation, oxygen consumption, HPA axis, and inflammation indices were not shown to be of satisfactory diagnostic value. Conclusions Apart from psychometric instruments which are confirmed to be the gold standard in diagnosing insomnia, six biomarkers emerge as being potentially useful for this purpose.
Oxidative and Inflammatory Parameters in Children and Adolescents With ADHD

Objective: This study aims that oxidative stress and inflammation status in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared to their healthy peers. Method: Thirty ADHD and healthy controls were included in this study. ADHD diagnosis according to the DSM-V and Conners’ teacher and parent rating scale by a structured psychiatric interview. Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and total and native thiol levels were determined using photometric methods. Presepsin, Interleukin (IL) 1-ß, IL-6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured with commercial ELISA kits. Results: We showed that TOS and oxidative stress index were significantly higher in the ADHD group, and TAS was lower than in the control group (p<.001). Similarly, IL1-ß, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were statistically higher in the ADHD group. Backward LR regression analysis reveals that TOS and IL-6 predicted ADHD. Conclusion: TOS and IL-6 levels may play a role in the pathogenesis of ADHD.
Joint modeling of longitudinal change in pulse rate and survival time of heart failure patients treated at Arbaminch General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

Introduction Heart failure is a chronic progressive disease in which the heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s need. It is a severe health problem around the world with high re-hospitalization and death rates. The main aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with longitudinal change of pulse rate and survival time to death of congestive heart failure patients treated at Arba Minch General Hospital. Methods A retrospective study design was undertaken on congestive heart failure patients admitted to the Arba Minch General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2020. Data was collected from a total of 199 patients. After evaluating the longitudinal data with a linear mixed model and the survival time to death data with cox proportional model, Bayesian joint model of both sub models was fitted in R software using JMbayes2 package. Results Findings from Bayesian joint model revealed that the estimated value for the association parameter was positive and statistically significant. This indicates that there is significant evidence of an association between the mean longitudinal change of pulse rate and the risk of death. Weight of patients at baseline, gender, chronic kidney disease, left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association classification, diabetes, tuberculosis, pneumonia and family history were statistically significant factors associated with mean evolution of pulse rate of congestive heart failure patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction, etiology of congestive heart failure, type of congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, smoking, family history, alcohol and diabetes were found to be statistically significant factors associated with survival time to death. Conclusion To reduce the risk level, health professionals should give attention to congestive heart failure patients with high pulse rate, co-morbidities of chronic kidney disease, tuberculosis, diabetic, smoking status, family history, and pneumonia in the study area.
Postpartum depression and life experiences of mothers with an immigrant background living in the south of Sweden

ABSTRACT Purpose Postpartum Depression (PPD) —a common health problem for mothers’ postpartum increases the risk of negative interaction between mothers and infants as it reduces the former’s ability to respond to the latter’s needs appropriately. Migrant mothers exhibit a higher prevalence of risk factors for PPD. Hence, this study aimed to investigate migrant mothers’ life experiences pertaining to motherhood and PPD. Methods Qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 immigrant mothers in the south of Sweden during 2021. Results The qualitative content analysis revealed the following main themes: 1) PPD (two sub themes—psychosomatic symptoms and burden of responsibility due to feelings of loneliness); 2) mistrust of social services (one sub-theme—afraid of losing their children and Swedish social services’ lack of understanding); 3) inadequate healthcare (two sub-themes—limited healthcare literacy for migrant mothers and language barrier; 4) women’s coping strategy for well-being (two sub-themes—better awareness and understanding of the Swedish system and society, and freedom and independence in the new country). Conclusions PPD, mistrust of social services, and inadequate healthcare lacking personal continuity were common among immigrant women, thus precipitating discrimination—including lack of access to services because of limited health literacy, cultural differences, language barriers, and insufficient support.
Random walk modelling of diffusion in inhomogeneous turbulence

The use of random walk techniques in diffusion modelling has been very successful when the turbulence is not too inhomogeneous. In this paper the difficulties associated with inhomogeneous turbulence are investigated, and a random walk model is developed which ensures the correct steady state distribution of particles in phase space. The model requires the generation of random numbers from non-Gaussian distributions, and this makes the model difficult to apply in cases of severe inhomogeneity. An alternative model is presented which overcomes this problem in cases where the velocity distribution is Gaussian.
Neural net classification of proton- and heavy nucleus-induced cosmic ray families

A feed-forward neural network trained using backpropagation is applied to discriminate between proton-induced cosmic ray families and heavy nucleus-induced ones. Fifteen input variables which characterize three-dimensional behaviour of the families are chosen. The network successfully classify the events with classification efficiency ~ 85%. The trained neural network classifier is applied to the cosmic ray families observed in the Pamir chambers. The fraction of heavy nucleus-induced events is estimated, from the network-output distribution, to be at most ~ 3% of the observed families.
Quantitative analysis of therapeutic proteins in biological fluids: recent advancement in analytical techniques

Abstract Pharmaceutical application of therapeutic proteins has been continuously expanded for the treatment of various diseases. Efficient and reliable bioanalytical methods are essential to expedite the identification and successful clinical development of therapeutic proteins. In particular, selective quantitative assays in a high-throughput format are critical for the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of protein drugs and to meet the regulatory requirements for new drug approval. However, the inherent complexity of proteins and many interfering substances presented in biological matrices have a great impact on the specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, and robustness of analytical assays, thereby hindering the quantification of proteins. To overcome these issues, various protein assays and sample preparation methods are currently available in a medium- or high-throughput format. While there is no standard or universal approach suitable for all circumstances, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay often becomes a method of choice for the identification and quantitative analysis of therapeutic proteins in complex biological samples, owing to its high sensitivity, specificity, and throughput. Accordingly, its application as an essential analytical tool is continuously expanded in pharmaceutical R&D processes. Proper sample preparation is also important since clean samples can minimize the interference from co-existing substances and improve the specificity and sensitivity of LC-MS/MS assays. A combination of different methods can be utilized to improve bioanalytical performance and ensure more accurate quantification. This review provides an overview of various protein assays and sample preparation methods, with particular emphasis on quantitative protein analysis by LC-MS/MS.
Loss of individualized behavioral trajectories in adult neurogenesis‐deficient cyclin D2 knockout mice

There is still limited mechanistic insight into how the interaction of individuals with their environment results in the emergence of individuality in behavior and brain structure. Nevertheless, the idea that personal activity shapes the brain is implicit in strategies for healthy cognitive aging as well as in the idea that individuality is reflected in the brain's connectome. We have shown that even isogenic mice kept in a shared enriched environment (ENR) developed divergent and stable social and exploratory trajectories. As these trajectories—measured as roaming entropy (RE)—positively correlated with adult hippocampal neurogenesis, we hypothesized that a feedback between behavioral activity and adult hippocampal neurogenesis might be a causal factor in brain individualization. We used cyclin D2 knockout mice with constitutively extremely low levels of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and their wild‐type littermates. We housed them for 3 months in a novel ENR paradigm, consisting of 70 connected cages equipped with radio frequency identification antennae for longitudinal tracking. Cognitive performance was evaluated in the Morris Water Maze task (MWM). With immunohistochemistry we confirmed that adult neurogenesis correlated with RE in both genotypes and that D2 knockout mice had the expected impaired performance in the reversal phase of the MWM. But whereas the wild‐type animals developed stable exploratory trajectories with increasing variance, correlating with adult neurogenesis, this individualizing phenotype was absent in D2 knockout mice. Here the behaviors started out more random and revealed less habituation and low variance. Together, these findings suggest that adult neurogenesis contributes to experience‐dependent brain individualization.
Computer analysis of models of optical images of plain weaves

A computer program has been written for calculating the Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral for the same object in a uniform-intensity distribution regime and in a regime in which the intensity in the light beam varied according to a normal law corresponding to the principal mode of a laser. The objects of study consisted of black-and-white computer models of a plain weave, which were constructed using a special program in accordance with the specified parameters of the weave, introduced into computer memory. It is shown that, when the transition is made from uniform illumination to illumination with a Gaussian beam, the value and position of the principal maxima in the diffraction pattern do not change substantially, while the secondary maxima disappear. The detected regularities prove that it is possible to put into practice the analytical formulas obtained earlier for uniform illumination to calculate the parameters of actual plain weaves in diffraction experiments with laser beams.
Population data and phylogenetic analysis of 37 Y-STR loci in the Hui population from Yunnan Province, Southwest China

Abstract Background Previous studies of the genetic polymorphism of the Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) of Huis were focussed on the northwest of China. However, the population genetic characteristics of Chinese Hui residing in Yunnan province, Southwest China, remain unclear. Aim To provide genetic data for 37 Y-STRs in the Chinese Hui population of Yunnan province, as well as to investigate population genetic relationships between the Chinese Hui and another 26 populations from China and neighbouring countries. Subjects and methods In total, 326 unrelated healthy male individuals were genotyped using the GoldeneyeTM Y Plus PCR Amplification Kit. Genetic relationships between different populations were analysed using YHRD’s AMOVA tools. Results A total of 279 haplotypes were detected, out of which 244 were unique. The overall haplotype diversity (HD) and discrimination capacity (DC) were 0.9989 and 0.8611, respectively. The gene diversity (GD) ranged from 0.0544 (DYS645) to 0.9656 (DYS385). Conclusions The population comparison indicated that Muslim populations (Hui, Salar and Uighur) showed significantly more genetic affinity than other populations. Our results could be applied in forensic practice and population genetic studies.
Stacked microstrip antenna for wideband and high gain

The behaviour mechanism of the stacked antenna is synthetically clarified for the first time by investigating the results calculated using the FDTD method. The stacked microstrip antenna has particular characteristics, such as a high gain or a wide bandwidth. When the size of the parasitic patch, is nearly equal to the fed patch and the distance between the fed patch and the parasitic patch is approximately 0.1 wavelength, the bandwidth is increased. When that distance is approximately half a wavelength, the gain enhancement is obtained. The wide bandwidth and the gain enhancement are considered synthetically by the detailed investigation of calculated results including the near-field distributions. It is shown that the wide bandwidth and the gain enhancement are caused by a two-frequency resonance and leaky resonant cavity formation, respectively. The calculated input impedance and radiation patterns agree well with the experimental values.
A novel proteinaceous molecule produced by Lysinibacillus sp. OF-1 depends on the Ami oligopeptide transporter to kill Streptococcus pneumoniae

Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae are of growing concern for healthcare systems, which need new treatment options. Screening microorganisms in terrestrial environments has proved successful for discovering antibiotics, while production of antimicrobials by marine microorganisms remains underexplored. Here we have screened microorganisms sampled from the Oslo Fjord in Norway for production of molecules that prevent the human pathogen S. pneumoniae from growing. A bacterium belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus was identified. We show that this bacterium produces a molecule that kills a wide range of streptococcal species. Genome mining in BAGEL4 and AntiSmash suggested that it was a new antimicrobial compound, and we therefore named it lysinicin OF. The compound was resistant to heat (100 °C) and polymyxin acylase but susceptible to proteinase K, showing that it is of proteinaceous nature, but most probably not a lipopeptide. S. pneumoniae became resistant to lysinicin OF by obtaining suppressor mutations in the ami locus, which encodes the AmiACDEF oligo peptide transporter. We created ΔamiC and ΔamiEF mutants to show that pneumococci expressing a compromised Ami system were resistant to lysinicin OF. Furthermore, by creating mutants expressing an intact but inactive Ami system (AmiED184A and AmiFD175A) we could conclude that the lysinicin OF activity depended on the active form (ATP-hydrolysing) of the Ami system. Microscopic imaging and fluorescent labelling of DNA showed that S. pneumoniae treated with lysinicin OF had an average reduced cell size with condensed DNA nucleoid, while the integrity of the cell membrane remained intact. The characteristics and possible mode of action of lysinicin OF are discussed.