Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Sync-less time-divided MAC protocol for mobile ad-hoc networks

Approaches to Medium Access Control (MAC) in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) can be broadly classified into TDMA and CSMA/CA. In principle, TDMA offers superior performance as well as better capacity guarantees compared to CSMA/CA. In practice, however, the need to provide network-wide synchronization without centralized control, and to accommodate mobility makes TDMA very hard to design and implement. Consequently, CSMA/CA variants are generally preferred. While the proliferation of real-time multimedia applications demands a protocol with TDMA-like features, the problem of doing so in a practically viable manner remains unsolved. We present SITA (Sync-less Impromptu Time-Divided Access), a MAC protocol for real-time applications over MANETs. SITA combines the advantages of TDMA with the simplicity and robustness of CSMA/CA. SITA provides on (traffic) demand, reserved access to the channel and automatic admission control, while it does not require slot synchronization. The main idea behind SITA is to set up an impromptu, loose, conflict free schedule relative to an initial control exchange. We study the performance of SITA when implemented as an overlay over 802.11 in the ns-2 simulator. Our results show that, with real-time like traffic, SITA provides significant improvement in the end-to-end throughput, by as much as 300%, and on order of magnitude or more decrease in the end-to-end delay and jitter when compared with the vanilla 802.11.
Compliant physical interaction based on external vision-force control and tactile-force combination

This paper presents external vision-force control and force-tactile integration in three different examples of multisensor integration for robotic manipulation and execution of everyday tasks, based on a general framework, presented in [1], that enables sensor-based compliant physical interaction of the robot with the environment. The first experiment is a door opening task where a mobile manipulator has to pull open the handle with a parallel jaw gripper by using vision and force sensors in a novel external vision-force coupling approach [2] where the combination is done at the control level; the second one is another vision-force door opening task, but including a sliding mechanism and a different robot, endowed with a three-fingered hand; finally, the third task is to grasp a book from a bookshelf by means of tactile and force integration. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to show how vision and force modalities can be combined at the control level by means of an external force loop. And, second, to show how the sensorbased manipulation framework proposed in [1] can be easily applied to very different physical interaction tasks in the real world, allowing for dependable and versatile manipulation.
Molecular Biology of Thermoregulation Invited Review: Cytokine regulation of fever: studies using gene knockout mice

Leon, Lisa R. Invited Review: Cytokine regulation of fever: studies using gene knockout mice. J Appl Physiol 92: 2648–2655, 2002; 10.1152/ japplphysiol.01005. 2001. —Fever is defined as a regulated rise in body temperature. The regulation of this phenomenon is accomplished by the actions of two types of endogenous cytokines, some functioning as pyrogens and others as antipyretics. Previous data obtained with the use of traditional pharmacological techniques, such as the injection of neutralizing antibodies, implicate interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 as endogenous pyrogens or inducers of fever. In almost all instances in which the endogenous actions of IL-1 or IL-6 are antagonized, fevers are attenuated. Other cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor(TNF) and IL-10, are thought to act as endogenous antipyretics or inhibitors of fever. In several studies, the inhibition of TNF action has enhanced fever. Recently, mice genetically engineered to lack cytokines or their receptors in all tissues of the body have been used to examine the regulation of IL-1, IL-6, TNF, and IL-10 on fever. Data obtained with these mice shed new light on our understanding of cytokine interactions in fever and, in some instances, contradict data obtained with pharmacological methods. This review summarizes the responses of cytokine and cytokine receptor knockout mice to fevers induced by lipopolysaccharide, turpentine, and sepsis.
The α effect with imposed and dynamo-generated magnetic fields

Estimates for the non-linear α effect in helical turbulence with an applied magnetic field are presented using two different approaches: the imposed-field method where the electromotive force owing to the applied field is used, and the test-field method where separate evolution equations are solved for a set of different test fields. Both approaches agree for stronger fields, but there are apparent discrepancies for weaker fields that can be explained by the influence of dynamo-generated magnetic fields on the scale of the domain that are referred to as meso-scale magnetic fields. Examples are discussed where these meso-scale fields can lead to both drastically overestimated and underestimated values of α compared with the kinematic case. It is demonstrated that the kinematic value can be recovered by resetting the fluctuating magnetic field to zero in regular time intervals. It is concluded that this is the preferred technique both for the imposed-field and the test-field methods.
Frequency-wavenumber domain methods for analysis of incident and scattered guided wave fields

Full acoustic wavefield data were acquired from an aluminum plate with various structural discontinuities and artificial defects using an air-coupled transducer mounted on a scanning stage. Piezoelectric transducers permanently mounted on the specimen were used as wave sources. These source transducers were elements of a permanently attached sparse array. A time series of wavefield images clearly shows details of guided waves as they propagate outward from the source, reflect from specimen boundaries, and scatter from discontinuities within the structure. Distinct S0 and A0 Lamb wave modes are directly visible on constant time snapshots of the captured wavefield. However, the waves propagating outward from the source, and waves reflected from boundaries, obscure the weaker waves that are scattered from defects. To facilitate analysis of weaker scattered waves, source waves are removed from the full wavefield data using both time and frequency domain methods. The effectiveness of each method is evaluated in the wavenumber-wavenumber domain and results are fused to obtain images of scattered wavefields. The method is demonstrated on a through hole, to which a notch is added to simulate a crack. The angular dependence of the scattered wavefield is experimentally determined for source waves incident on the notch from two directions, one toward the side of the notch and the other toward the end of the notch.
A Fault-Tolerant Mobile Computing Model Based On Scalable Replica

The most frequent challenge faced by mobile user is stay connected with online data, while disconnected or poorly connected store the replica of critical data. Nomadic users require replication to store copies of critical data on their mobile machines. Existing replication services do not provide all classes of mobile users with the capabilities they require, which include: the ability for direct synchronization between any two replicas, support for large numbers of replicas, and detailed control over what files reside on their local (mobile) replica. Existing peer-to- peer solutions would enable direct communication, but suffers from dramatic scaling problems in the number of replicas, limiting the number of overall users and impacting performance. Roam is a replication system designed to satisfy the requirements of the mobile user. Roam is based on the Ward Model, replication architecture for mobile environments. Using the Ward Model and new distributed algorithms, Roam provides a scalable replication solution for the mobile user. We describe the motivation, design, and implementation of Roam and report its performance. Replication is extremely important in mobile environments because nomadic users require local copies of important data. Model, a new replication architecture that has been designed especially with mobility in mind, though of course it applies equally well to stationary environments (1). The Ward Model provides a new replication paradigm that is neither strictly peer nor client-server; rather, it is a hybrid model of the two that allows everyone to be effectively a peer while maintaining good scalability in the number of replicas. Additionally, Roam provides a number of new distributed algorithms. For instance, Roam contains new and improved distributed algorithms for garbage collection and for dynamic management of the version vector, the main data structure behind most optimistic replication systems. In this paper we present an approach for data replication that considers the mobility of clients: The data sets which have to be replicated to mobile clients depend often on dynamic parameters like location of the client or time. Therefore, we introduce a generic model for specifying fragments of the global database with respect to such parameters. The increasing availability of mobile devices and wireless
Akumulatory litowe jako współczesne systemy magazynowania energii

Wprowadzenie 1. Elektrochemiczne ogniwa odwracalne we współczesnej technice 1.1. Podstawowe wielkości charakteryzujące akumulatory 1.2. Rodzaje wykorzystywanych akumulatorów 2. Akumulatory litowe 2.1. Budowa i zasada działania 2.2. Materiały elektrodowe 2.2.1. Materiały katodowe 2.2.2. Materiały anodowe 2.3. Elektrolity Podsumowanie Piśmiennictwo cytowane M. BAKIERSKA, A. CHOJNACKA 856 Mgr Monika Bakierska w roku 2012 ukończyła studia na kierunku zaawansowane materiały i nanotechnologie, realizowanym na Wydziale Fizyki, Astronomii i Informatyki Stosowanej oraz Wydziale Chemii Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Obecnie jest doktorantką w Zakładzie Technologii Chemicznej, w Zespole Technologii Materiałów i Nanomateriałów Wydziału Chemii UJ. Główne zainteresowania naukowe to: systemy magazynowania energii ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem akumulatorów litowych (Li-Ion), materiały katodowe dla akumulatorów litowych oraz alternatywne źródła energii. Mgr Agnieszka Chojnacka w roku 2011 ukończyła studia o specjalności chemia środowiska na Wydziale Chemii Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Obecnie jest doktorantką w Zakładzie Technologii Chemicznej, w Zespole Technologii Materiałów i Nanomateriałów Wydziału Chemii UJ. Jej zainteresowania naukowe obejmują szeroko pojętą chemię materiałów ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem nowoczesnych materiałów kompozytowych. Obecnie zajmuje się syntezą i charakterystyką materiałów anodowych dla akumulatorów litowych o wysokiej pojemności. AKUMULATORY LITOWE JAKO WSPÓŁCZESNE SYSTEMY MAGAZYNOWANIA ENERGII 857
The immunologic responsiveness of regional lymphocytes in experimental cancer

This report presents data showing that regional lymph node lymphocytes differ in their immunologic activity from distant lymphocytes and splenic lymphocytes during the initiation and progression of murine mammary adenocarcinoma. Three groups of 100 C3H/He J mice received subcutaneously 106 viable tumor cells (I), 103 tumor cells (II), or Millipore chambers containing 106 viable tumor cells (III). Lymphocytes from different areas in Groups I, II, III, and non‐tumor‐bearing controls were cultured with PHA‐P, autologous tumor, or normal C3H/He J breast tissue. In all groups regional lymph node lymphocytes showed the earliest peak response to PHA‐P and autologous tumor, while the splenic lymphocyte and distant lymphocyte responses were delayed, especially in Group III. These studies demonstrate the role of the regional lymph node in the initial processing of tumor antigenic information. The development of central immunity appears to be the result of dissemination of immunogenic tumor products. This may be mediated initially by the regional lymph node.
Effects of Straw Ash and Sewage Sludge on the Quality of Pakchoi in Cadmium Contaminated Soil

To investigate the effects of straw ash and sewage sludge on the quality and production of pakchoi grown in cadmium contaminated soil, the present experiment was designed to study the change of quality, production and Cd content of pakchoi for applying different amounts of straw ash and sewage sludge. The results showed that with increase of manure amount, pakchoi production , height ,leaf area and leaf number significantly increase,The Vc and soluble sugar content is a significant trend of rise; On the Cd2Cd4 pakchoi with contrast chlorophyll maximum increased 1.5-1.4 times, Vc increased 1.4-1.3 times, soluble sugar maximum increased 1.7-1.8 times; The pakchoi’ over ground and roots Cd content was significantly lower in the Cd2Cd4 decreased 70.8%-65.6% ,54.5%- 48.3%; The best recommended amount of manure is 40 g·kg-1 for pakchoi in cadmium contaminated soil.
Universal Design: Lessons for Wearable Computing

When we as developers and designers create a system that requires user interaction-whether it is computer software, a kitchen appliance, or a door knob-we often fall victim to a common mistake: we use ourselves as the model for our system's potential users. Even developing for an "average user" is a pitfall that results in numerous users whose needs are overlooked. The average user might account for the largest spike under a bell curve, but nonaverage users account for a much larger percentage of the general population. Additionally, the number of people possessing all of the average attributes being considered in a design is very small. So, the designers' goal should be to broaden the section of the bell curve that their system targets. This concept is called universal design, and it's especially important in wearable computing because using a system while mobile and while in different environments can have a major effect on its usability.
AN ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF OVER- ENHANCEMENT PROBLEM IN MIX CLAHE

In this paper a new algorithm has been designed to remove the problem of over-enhancement found in Mix CLAHE especially for underwater images. The underwater image suffers from low contrast and resolution due to dispossessed visibility circumstances, hence an object identification become typical task. The processing of underwater image captured is necessary because the quality of underwater images distress and these images leads some serious problems when compared to images from a clearer environment. This paper has proposed a hybrid approach which has integrated the MIX-CLAHE with the L*A*B based fuzzy enhancement. The experimental results have shown that the proposed technique outperforms over the available methods.
Non-pharmacological interventions for assisting the induction of anaesthesia in children.

BACKGROUND Induction of general anaesthesia can be distressing for children. Non-pharmacological methods for reducing anxiety and improving co-operation may avoid the adverse effects of preoperative sedation. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of non-pharmacological interventions in assisting induction of anaesthesia in children by reducing their anxiety, distress or increasing their co-operation. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2009, Issue 1). We searched the following databases from inception to 14th December 2008: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS, Web of Science and EMBASE. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials of a non-pharmacological intervention implemented on the day of surgery or anaesthesia. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias in trials. MAIN RESULTS We included 17 trials, all from developed countries, involving 1796 children, their parents or both. Eight trials assessed parental presence. None showed significant differences in anxiety or co-operation of children during induction, except for one where parental presence was significantly less effective than midazolam in reducing children's anxiety at induction. Six trials assessed interventions for children. Preparation with a computer package improved co-operation compared with parental presence (one trial). Children playing hand-held video games before induction were significantly less anxious than controls or premedicated children (one trial). Compared with controls, clown doctors reduced anxiety in children (modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS): mean difference (MD) 30.75 95% CI 15.14 to 46.36; one trial). In children undergoing hypnosis, there was a nonsignificant trend towards reduced anxiety during induction (mYPAS < 24: risk ratio (RR) 0.59 95% CI 0.33 to 1.04 - 39% versus 68%: one trial) compared with midazolam. A low sensory environment improved children's co-operation at induction (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.95; one trial) and no effect on children's anxiety was found for music therapy (one trial). Parental interventions were assessed in three trials. Children of parents having acupuncture compared with parental sham-acupuncture were less anxious during induction (mYPAS MD 17, 95% CI 3.49 to 30.51) and more children were co-operative (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.99). Parental anxiety was also significantly reduced in this trial. In two trials, a video viewed preoperatively did not show effects on child or parental outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review shows that the presence of parents during induction of general anaesthesia does not reduce their child's anxiety. Promising non-pharmacological interventions such as parental acupuncture; clown doctors; hypnotherapy; low sensory stimulation; and hand-held video games needs to be investigated further.
Patterns and Risk Factors of Helminthiasis and Anemia in a Rural and a Peri-urban Community in Zanzibar, in the Context of Helminth Control Programs

Background The control of helminth infections and prevention of anemia in developing countries are of considerable public health importance. The purpose of this study was to determine patterns and risk factors of helminth infections and anemia in a rural and a peri-urban community of Zanzibar, Tanzania, in the context of national helminth control programs. Methodology/Principal Findings We carried out a community-based cross-sectional study in 454 individuals by examining at least two stool samples with different methods for soil-transmitted helminths (Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Trichuris trichiura) and one urine sample for Schistosoma haematobium. Finger-prick blood was taken to estimate anemia levels and to detect antibody reactions against ascariasis, strongyloidiasis and schistosomiasis, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) approach. Parasitological methods determined a helminth prevalence of 73.7% in the rural, and 48.9% in the peri-urban setting. Most helminth infections were of light intensity with school-aged children showing the highest intensities. Multiple helminth species infections were pervasive in rural dwellers regardless of age. More than half of the participants were anemic, with a particularly high prevalence in the peri-urban setting (64.7%). Risk factors for helminth infections were age, sex, consumption of raw vegetables or salad, recent travel history, and socio-economic status. Conclusion/Significance After several years of chemotherapy-based morbidity control efforts in Zanzibar, helminth prevalences are still high and anemia is common, but helminth infection intensities are low. Hence, chemotherapy should be continued, and complemented with improved access to clean water, adequate sanitation, and health education, along with poverty alleviation measures for a more enduring impact.
Hyaline membrane disease, alkali, and intraventricular haemorrhage

Wigglesworth, J. S. , Keith, I. H. , Girling, D. J., and Slade, S. A. (1976). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 51, 755. Hyaline membrane disease, alkali, and intraventricular haemorrhage. The relation between intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and hyaline membrane disease (HMD) was studied in singletons that came to necropsy at Hammersmith Hospital over the years 1966-73. The incidence of IVH in singleton live births was 3 -22/1000 and of HMD 4-44/1000. Although the high figures were partly due to the large number of low birthweight infants born at this hospital, the incidence of IVH in babies weighing 1001-1500 g was three times as great as that reported in the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey. Most IVH deaths were in babies with HMD, but the higher frequency of IVH was not associated with any prolongation of survival time of babies who died with HMD as compared with the 1958 survey. IVH was seen frequently at gestations of up to 36 weeks in babies with HMD but was rare above 30 weeks' gestation in babies without HMD. This indicated that factors associated with HMD must cause most cases of IVH seen at gestations above 30 weeks. Comparison of clinical details in infants with HMD who died with or without IVH (at gestations of 30-37 weeks) showed no significant differences between the groups other than a high incidence of fits and greater use of alkali therapy in the babies with IVH. During the 12 hours when most alkali therapy was given, babies dying with IVH received a mean total alkali dosage of 10 21 mmol/kg and those dying without IVH 6 34 mmol/kg (P <0-001). There was no difference in severity of hypoxia or of metabolic acidosis between the 2 groups. Babies who died with HMD and germinal layer haemorrhage (GLH) without IVH had received significantly more alkali than those who died with HMD alone, whereas survivors of severe respiratory distress syndrome had received lower alkali doses than other groups. It is suggested that the greatly increased death rate from IVH in babies with HMD indicates some alteration of management of HMD (since 1958) as a causative factor. Liberal use of hypertonic alkali solutions is the common factor which distinguishes babies dying with GLH and IVH from other groups of babies with HMD. Although the causal nature of this association remains unproved, it seems justifiable to urge caution in alkali usage.
NUS at TAC 2008: Augumenting Timestamped Graphs with Event Information and Selectively Expanding Opinion Contexts

Our team explored several new approaches in the update and opinion summarization tasks in the Text Analysis Conference (TAC) 2008. For the update task, we refine our previous timestamped graph approach by incorporating information about temporal ordering of events in the articles, by using the publicly available Tarsqi toolkit. For the pilot opinion task, we utilize the provided opinion snippets as clues to locate their source sentences. Our system expands the context around the snippets’ source sentences for two purposes. First, tomore accurately identify the polarity of the contained opinion; second, to selectively include the context for added coherence in our answers.
Extinction Phenomena: A Biologic Perspective on How and Why Psychoanalysis Works

This article presents the view that much of the success of classical psychoanalysis is centrally predicated on its biological potency; focusing not on neuropsychology, but on the biology of conditioning. The argument suggests that features of classic psychoanalytic technique – the couch, meetings several times per week with both parties present, and free association – uniquely facilitate intense transferences of various sorts, and that these in turn constitute the multiple and diverse extinction trials necessary to best approximate extinction.