Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cefuroxime, a New Cephalosporin Antibiotic: Activity In Vivo

The pharmacokinetic properties of cefuroxime have been evaluated in laboratory animals. On injection into mice, rats, and rabbits by the subcutaneous or intramuscular routes, high serum level peaks were recorded. There was no significant absorption after oral administration. After injection, the antibiotic was excreted in large amounts in the urine. It was well distributed in the body and penetrated into the tissues at a satisfactory rate. This, coupled with a low degree of serum protein binding, was correlated with a very good protective effect in animals (mice, rats, and rabbits) experimentally infected with a wide range of bacteria, including β-lactamase-producing strains. It is concluded that cefuroxime should have a good potential for treating a wide range of bacterial infections in humans.
Anticipation based Brain-Computer Interfacing (aBCI)

Anticipation increases the efficiency of daily tasks by partial advance activation of neural substrates involved in it. Previous off-line studies have shown the possibility of exploiting this activation for a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) using electroencephalogram (EEG). In the current paper we report real-time and single trial recognition of this activation using a prototype of anticipation based BCI (aBCI). We report on-line classification accuracies with peak values of 85% and 80%, and with average values of 69.0±7.9% and 58.5±14.1% for subjects 1 and 2, respectively. Posterior off-line analysis showed improved accuracies for both subjects, with an average of 80.5±10.1% and 69.0 ± 10.5% with peak values of 95% and 85% respectively.
The active zone protein CAST regulates synaptic vesicle recycling and quantal size in the mouse hippocampus

Synaptic efficacy is determined by various factors, including the quantal size, which is dependent on the amount of neurotransmitters in synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic terminal. It is essential for stable synaptic transmission that the quantal size is kept within a constant range and that synaptic efficacy during and after repetitive synaptic activation is maintained by replenishing release sites with synaptic vesicles. However, the mechanisms for these fundamental properties have still been undetermined. We found that the active zone protein CAST (cytomatrix at the active zone structural protein) played pivotal roles in both presynaptic regulation of quantal size and recycling of endocytosed synaptic vesicles. In the CA1 region of hippocampal slices of the CAST knockout mice, miniature excitatory synaptic responses were increased in size, and synaptic depression after prolonged synaptic activation was larger, which was attributable to selective impairment of synaptic vesicle trafficking via the endosome in the presynaptic terminal likely mediated by Rab6. Therefore, CAST serves as a key molecule that regulates dynamics and neurotransmitter contents of synaptic vesicles in the excitatory presynaptic terminal in the central nervous system.
Effector proteins of rust fungi

Rust fungi include many species that are devastating crop pathogens. To develop resistant plants, a better understanding of rust virulence factors, or effector proteins, is needed. Thus far, only six rust effector proteins have been described: AvrP123, AvrP4, AvrL567, AvrM, RTP1, and PGTAUSPE-10-1. Although some are well established model proteins used to investigate mechanisms of immune receptor activation (avirulence activities) or entry into plant cells, how they work inside host tissues to promote fungal growth remains unknown. The genome sequences of four rust fungi (two Melampsoraceae and two Pucciniaceae) have been analyzed so far. Genome-wide analyses of these species, as well as transcriptomics performed on a broader range of rust fungi, revealed hundreds of small secreted proteins considered as rust candidate secreted effector proteins (CSEPs). The rust community now needs high-throughput approaches (effectoromics) to accelerate effector discovery/characterization and to better understand how they function in planta. However, this task is challenging due to the non-amenability of rust pathosystems (obligate biotrophs infecting crop plants) to traditional molecular genetic approaches mainly due to difficulties in culturing these species in vitro. The use of heterologous approaches should be promoted in the future.
Rhythms in Human Gastrointestinal Mucosa and Skin

Rhythmicity in cell proliferation is well established in the gastrointestinal tract and skin, both in rodents and humans. This is the basis for studies on the timing of both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. More recently, circadian rhythm studies of cell-cycle proteins have confirmed earlier findings based on thymidine labeling and flow cytometry. The genetic control of circadian rhythms has been elucidated recently and a possible connection between the circadian clock and the timing of cell-cycle events has been suggested. The data for gastrointestinal mucosa and skin are reviewed and the potential clinical implications of these results are discussed.
Social Network Characteristics of White, African-American, Asian and Latino/a College Students and College Adjustment: A Longitudinal Study.

The social network characteristics of a culturally and racially diverse group of first-year college students (n=208) and white students (n=84) attending the same college were examined at the time of college entry and at the beginning of the second semester. Relationships between network characteristics and college adjustment in the second semester were also explored. White students reported larger social networks and more interaction with perceived sources of support than Asian and Latino/a students. Asian students obtained a larger percentage of support from college faculty/staff by the second semester than other students. Multiple regression analyses suggest that obtaining support from family members is positively associated with personal and social adjustment for students of color, while obtaining support from pre-college friends is negatively related with institutional attachment. For white college students, obtaining support from college friends was positively associated with social adjustment and institutional attachment. Having network members that increase one's self-esteem was associated with personal adjustment and institutional attachment for students of color and with academic, social and personal adjustment for white students. In addition, having network members that one could get together with for fun and relaxation was associated with social adjustment for students of color, and having network members that can be counted on to loan things was associated with social adjustment and institutional attachment. (Author/RB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Social Network Characteristics of White, African-American, Asian and Latino/a college Students and College Adjustment: A longitudinal study
The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase p38α Regulates Tubular Damage in Murine Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Nephritis

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is thought to play a central role in acute and chronic inflammatory responses. Whether p38MAPK plays a pathogenic role in crescentic GN (GN) and which of its four isoforms is preferentially involved in kidney inflammation is not definitely known. We thus examined expression and activation of p38MAPK isoforms during anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis. Therefore, p38α conditional knockout mice (MxCre-p38αΔ/Δ) were used to examine the role of p38α in anti-GBM induced nephritis. Both wild type and MxCre-p38αΔ/Δ mice developed acute renal failure over time. Histological examinations revealed a reduced monocyte influx and less tubular damage in MxCre-p38αΔ/Δ mice, whereas glomerular crescent formation and renal fibrosis was similar. Likewise, the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-1 and IL-10 were similar, but IL-8 was even up-regulated in MxCre-p38αΔ/Δ mice. In contrast, we could detect strong down-regulation of chemotactic cytokines such as CCL-2, -5 and -7, in the kidneys of MxCre-p38αΔ/Δ mice. In conclusion, p38α is the primary p38MAPK isoform expressed in anti-GBM nephritis and selectively affects inflammatory cell influx and tubular damage. Full protection from nephritis is however not achieved as renal failure and structural damage still occurs.
Gas delivery system

(57) Abstract: substrate is processed by supplying the etching and / or deposition gas to the chamber (4) that the substrate is disposed. To avoid problems with the transport of toxic gases, the gas required for the process are delivered directly from the delivery system (1, 2, 3) which are located near the site on the chamber.
Distributing layered encoded video through caches

The efficient distribution of stored information has become a major concern in the Internet which has increasingly become a vehicle for the transport of stored video. Because of the highly heterogeneous access to the Internet, researchers and engineers have argued for layered encoded video. We investigate delivering layered encoded video using caches. Based on a stochastic knapsack model we develop a model for the layered video caching problem. We propose heuristics to determine which videos and which layers in the videos should be cached. We evaluate the performance of our heuristics through extensive numerical experiments. We also consider two intuitive extensions to the initial problem.
The effects of Nordic school meals on concentration and school performance in 8- to 11-year-old children in the OPUS School Meal Study: a cluster-randomised, controlled, cross-over trial

It is widely assumed that nutrition can improve school performance in children; however, evidence remains limited and inconclusive. In the present study, we investigated whether serving healthy school meals influenced concentration and school performance of 8- to 11-year-old Danish children. The OPUS (Optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet) School Meal Study was a cluster-randomised, controlled, cross-over trial comparing a healthy school meal programme with the usual packed lunch from home (control) each for 3 months (NCT 01457794). The d2 test of attention, the Learning Rating Scale (LRS) and standard tests on reading and mathematics proficiency were administered at baseline and at the end of each study period. Intervention effects were evaluated using hierarchical mixed models. The school meal intervention did not influence concentration performance (CP; primary outcome, n 693) or processing speed; however, the decrease in error percentage was 0·18 points smaller (P< 0·001) in the intervention period than in the control period (medians: baseline 2·03 %; intervention 1·46 %; control 1·37 %). In contrast, the intervention increased reading speed (0·7 sentence, P= 0·009) and the number of correct sentences (1·8 sentences, P< 0·001), which corresponded to 11 and 25 %, respectively, of the effect of one school year. The percentage of correct sentences also improved (P< 0·001), indicating that the number correct improved relatively more than reading speed. There was no effect on overall math performance or outcomes from the LRS. In conclusion, school meals did not affect CP, but improved reading performance, which is a complex cognitive activity that involves inference, and increased errors related to impulsivity and inattention. These findings are worth examining in future trials.
A 1 Tbit/s Bandwidth 1024 b PLL/DLL-Less eDRAM PHY Using 0.3 V 0.105 mW/Gbps Low-Swing IO for CoWoS Application

A 1 Tbit/s bandwidth PHY is demonstrated through CoWoS™ platform. Two chips: SOC and embedded DRAM (eDRAM), have been fabricated in TSMC 40 nm CMOS technology and stacked on a silicon interposer chip. 1024 DQ buses operating at 1.1 Gbit/s with VDDQ = 0.3 V are proven between SOC chip and eDRAM chip in experimental results with 1 mm signal trace length on the silicon interposer. A novel timing compensation mechanism is presented to achieve a low-power and small area eDRAM PHY that excludes PLL/DLL but retains good timing margin. Another data sampling alignment training approach is employed to enhance timing robustness. A compact low-swing IO also achieves power efficiency of 0.105 mW/Gbps.
Energy Efficient Cognitive Radio MAC Protocols for Adhoc Network: A Survey

Opportunistically accessing the licensed spectrum of the primary user (PU) by the secondary user (SU) without creating interference in the primary user, this phenomenon increases the usability of existing allocated frequency spectrum and reduces the scarcity of radio band availability, hence only 6% of total allocated spectrum/licensed spectrum are now being fully exploited [1]. The increasing demand of cognitive radio and its application also increase the urge to make energy efficient cognitive radio because it is an emerging technology and to meet the future demand of cognitive radio will target the Adhoc structure of communication where battery consumption is one of the major issues in adhoc/mobile devices. So to develop energy efficient MAC protocol for Cognitive Radio Adhoc Network (CRAN) is now today's need. The proposed technique of opportunistically acquiring radio channel without creating interference in the licensed user activity is taken under consideration and focused as the main idea of this survey. Cognitive Radio (CR) transmit data on free licensed band by sensing and monitoring that there is radio channel available which is not being use by any other user, this approach of transmitting data over media through MAC layer and MAC protocol is an energy efficient approach which is also compatible with the existing system. This will increase the potential deployment of cognitive radios (CR) but the process of spectrum sensing, management, mobility and sharing requires higher energy resources [2]. So this survey will expose the energy efficency of different CR MAC protocol techniques.
Multidisciplinary team approach to heart failure management

### Learning objectives Heart failure (HF) is a complex, relapsing, severe chronic disease. It causes multisystem dysfunction and results in a high burden of morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. It is common, affecting ≥10% of the people aged over 70,1 and despite advances in cardiac care the incidence probably remains stable.2 In the UK, it is estimated to be the primary diagnosis in 5% of acute admissions and costs the National Health Service approximately £2 billion/year (~2% of the total budget). 3 Furthermore, outcomes for those with both chronic stable disease and acute HF remain relatively poor, comparing unfavourably to many malignant conditions.4 A multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach is considered the gold standard model for the delivery of HF care. However, to shape effective multidisciplinary HF services, it is crucial to understand the relevant evidence base, the essential components of an MDT approach and how services might evolve. Since HF results in multisystem dysfunction, it seems intuitive to adopt an MDT approach to care, which recognises this complexity and allows various aspects of the illness to be addressed by the most appropriate healthcare professionals. The aim is to provide individualised, holistic care, which is responsive to the changing needs of patients throughout the course of the illness and seamlessly transitions primary and secondary care. In other words, it allows patients to receive the right care from the right person at the right time. MDT care is often part of disease management programmes—a term covering a broad range of structured treatment plans and interventions for patients with chronic disease. However, while these …
Tool Positioning for Noncircular Cutting with Lathe

This paper presents the design and implementation of a digital controller for a lathe to machine workpieces vith noncircular crossections. Noncircular cutting is accomplished by controlling the radial tool position in the direction normal to the surface of workpiece. A discrete time model for the tool carriage in the radial direction is obtained by a least squares method applied to input and output data. The model is used for designing digital feedback and feedforward controllers. The zero phase error tracking control algorithm is applied as a feedforwad control law for precise positioning of the tool. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is evaluated by experiment and simulation.
Mycotic infections in frogs due to a Phialophora-like fungus.

A fungal epizootic among captive frogs in U.S.A. was investigated histologically and mycologically. It was not possible to determine which of the fungi (Cladosporium herbarum, Scolecobasidium humicola or Phialophora sp., probably gougerotii) was the pathogen.
Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Autologous Whole Blood for the Treatment of Chronic Lateral Elbow Epicondylitis

Background: Chronic lateral elbow epicondylitis is a tendinosis with angiofibrolastic degeneration of the wrist extensors’ origin. Healing of this lesion is reported with the use of autologous blood as well as with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Purpose: A comparative study of these 2 treatments was conducted in an effort to investigate the possible advantages of PRP. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Twenty-eight patients were divided equally into 2 groups, after blocked randomization. Group A was treated with a single injection of 3 mL of autologous blood and group B with 3 mL of PRP under ultrasound guidance. A standardized program of eccentric muscle strengthening was followed by all patients in both groups. Evaluation using a pain visual analog scale (VAS) and Liverpool elbow score was performed at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. Results: The VAS score improvement was larger in group B at every follow-up interval but the difference was statistically significant only at 6 weeks, when mean improvement was 3.8 points (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1-4.5) in group B (61.47% improvement) and 2.5 points (95% CI, 1.9-3.1) in group A (41.6% improvement) (P < .05). No statistically significant difference was noted between groups regarding Liverpool elbow score. Conclusion: Regarding pain reduction, PRP treatment seems to be an effective treatment for chronic lateral elbow epicondylitis and superior to autologous blood in the short term. Defining details of indications, best PRP concentration, number and time of injections, as well as rehabilitation protocol might increase the method’s effectiveness. Additionally, the possibility of cost reduction of the method might justify the use of PRP over autologous whole blood for chronic or refractory tennis elbow.
Optically controlled reconfigurable antenna array based on a slotted circular waveguide

This paper describes the development of an optically controlled reconfigurable antenna array based on a slotted circular waveguide for distributed antenna system applications. The novel antenna is composed by four slots, each one optically controlled by a photoconductive switch, with the purpose of making its radiation pattern reconfigurable. Experimental results have been shown in excellent agreement with numerical simulations realized using ANSYS HFSS. The proposed antenna provides a bandwidth of approximately 10% from 5.8 to 6.4GHz and five different radiation pattern configurations depending on photoconductive switches' states. The antenna gain at 5.8 GHz varies from 4.91 to 7.97 dBi.
Sexual Systems and Population Genetic Structure in an Annual Plant: Testing the Metapopulation Model

The need for reproductive assurance during dispersal, along with the pressure of local mate competition, means that the importance of frequent or repeated colonization is implicit in the literature on sexual system evolution. However, there have been few empirical tests of the association between colonization history and sexual system in plants, and none within a single species. Here we use patterns of genetic diversity to provide such a test in the Mercurialis annua species complex, which spans the range of systems from self‐compatible monoecy through androdioecy to dioecy. This variation has been hypothesized to result from differing patterns of metapopulation turnover and recolonization. Because monoecy should be favored during colonization, androdioecy and dioecy will be maintained only in regions with low rates of local extinction and recolonization, and these differences should also be reflected in patterns of neutral genetic diversity. We show that monoecious populations of M. annua display lower within‐population genetic diversity than androdioecious populations and higher genetic differentiation than dioecious and androdioecious populations, as predicted by metapopulation models. In contrast, regional diversity in M. annua appears to be primarily a product of postglacial range expansion from two refugia in the eastern and western Mediterranean Basin.
STUDIES ON STARLING'S LAW OF THE HEART. III. OBSERVATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH MITRAL STENOSIS AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ON THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LEFT VENTRICULAR END-DIASTOLIC SEGMENT LENGTH, FILLING PRESSURE, AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION.

Although 45 years have now elapsed since Starling's Linacre lecture on the "Law of the Heart Beat" (1), considerable controversy is still centered around the question of the applicability of this fundamental principle to the human heart. In several investigations the Starling concept has been examined by attempts to reproduce in man those experiments on the Starling heart-lung preparation in which its responses to acute changes in venous return were studied (2-6). In most of these investigations no consistent relationship between the filling pressure on the right side of the heart and the cardiac output was apparent. In experiments on the intact dog (7), Rushmer, Smith and Franklin have shown that the augmentation of cardiac work which accompanies muscular exercise is not associated with an increase in left ventricular dimensions. These experiments, when taken together with the observations on man (2-6), have cast considerable doubt on the hypothesis that the Frank-Starling mechanism is involved in the regulation of cardiac performance. In the present investigation, portions of which have been presented in preliminary form elsewhere (8), attempts were made to examine, in a critical manner, the applicability of Starling's law of the heart to man. To accomplish this, it appeared necessary to relate the end-diastolic fiber length and the end-diastolic filling pressure to the characteristics of ventricular contraction under conditions in which substantial changes in ventricular filling take place. It also seemed desirable