Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Why Do Housing Mobility Programs Fail in Moving Households to Better Neighborhoods?

This article conceptualizes the relationship between housing instability, residential mobility, and neighborhood quality. We summarize the existing literature about residential mobility and housing instability and examine their potential interactions along three dimensions: (a) the reasons for a move, including a variety of push and pull factors; (b) mobility outcomes in terms of whether moves result in residing in a better or worse neighborhood than that of the prior residence; and, especially important for low-income households, (c) the degree to which the current move and past experiences of moving have been discretionary or forced. Housing instability is a cumulative concept, with involuntary moves at its center. This synthetic model of housing instability's impact on mobility outcomes suggests that the more instability a household has experienced, the less likely mobility moves are to occur, or, if they do occur, to be long lasting. Policy implementation may underestimate the interaction between cumulative housing instability and residential mobility in housing mobility policies. Thus, these interactions have implications for mobility policies, pointing toward a path for future research that inform policies to move low-income households toward both greater housing stability and better neighborhood outcomes.
Relationship Between Maternal Education And Under-Five Mortality Rate In Low And Middle Income Countries - A Literature Review. -

Introduction: The attainment of mother’s education has been rising significantly around the world. There has been ample information in low and middle income countries that argues mother’s education has positive impact towards decrease of infant and child mortality rate. On an average, every one year increase in maternal education corresponds about 7-9% decline in under-five mortality rate (U5MR). Furthermore, a number of associations have been identified between maternal education and child mortality in many literatures. However, it is unknown about the true relationship between maternal education and U5MR. Thus, the current study examines the importance of U5MR in relation to maternal education and to undertake literature reviews to identify these associations in resource limited settings. Methods: Three international data base such as Global health, Pubmed and Science direct have been identified for relevant literatures. Google scholar and United Nation’s website has also been searched extensively for this purpose. Results: The maternal education has a strong influence on under-five mortality than neo-natal and infant mortality rate. Since beginning, the research studies suggest that maternal education has unique importance in determining child health outcomes. After that, other studies from developing countries have argued a linear relationship between maternal education and child mortality. However, the current studies have questioned about the casual relationship between maternal education and child mortality.
A Unilateral Pricing Policy and the Stackelberg Equilibrium

Cooper (1986) examines the equilibrium of the retroactive most-favored-customer pricing policy by using a two-period duopoly model. He shows that the most-favored-customer policy enables both firms to offer higher prices and to enjoy higher profits. Neilson and Winter (1992) show that even if one firm in a price-setting duopoly adopts the most-favored-customer policy, the equilibrium does not coincide with the Stackelberg solution. This paper introduces a pricing policy by using a one-period two-stage model and shows that if one firm in a price-setting duopoly adopts this policy, then the equilibrium coincides with the Stackelberg solution.
A filamentous cytoskeleton in vertebrate smooth muscle fibers

There are three classes of myofilaments in vertebrate smooth muscle fibers. The thin filaments correspond to actin and the thick filaments are identified with myosin. The third class of myofilaments (100 A diam) is distinguished from both the actin and the myosin on the basis of fine structure, solubility, and pattern of localization in the muscle fibers. Direct structural evidence is presented to show that the 100A filament constitute an integrated filamentous network with the dense bodies in the sarcoplasm, and that they are not connected to either the actin or myosin filaments. Examination of (a) isolated dense bodies, (b) series of consecutive sections through the dense bodies, and (c) redistributed dense bodies in stretched muscle fibers supports this conclusion. It follows that the 100-A filaments complexes constitute a structrally distinct filamentous network. Analysis of polyacrylamide gels after electrophoresis of cell fractions that are enriched with respect to the 100-A filaments shows the presence of a new muscle protein with a molecular weight of 55,000. This protein can form filamentous segments that closely resemble in structure the native, isolated 100-A filaments. The results indicate that the filamentous network has a structure and composition that distinguish it from the actin and myosin in vertebrate smooth muscle.
Perfect Forward Secure Two-Party Key Agreement Protocol with Key Escrow

Authenticated key agreement protocol is an important primitive for establishing session key to provide secure communications in open and distributed environment. Key escrow is essential in situations where confidentiality and audit trail are legal requirements, whilst perfect forward secrecy is desirable to provide stronger security. i.e. the adversary couldn’t acquire the past session keys even the long term key of user was compromised. In this paper, we present a secure two-party identity-based authenticated key agreement protocol, which was inspired on a new identity-based encryption scheme first proposed by Gentry (Eurocrypt’06). The new protocol achieves most of the required security attributes and can be used properly in the escrow mode. We show that the scheme achieves the attributes of known-key secrecy, key-compromise impersonation resilience, unknown key-share resilience and no key control. In addition, it captures the perfect forward secrecy attribute.
An examination of racial differences in 5‐year survival of cervical cancer among African American and white American women in the southeastern US from 1985 to 2010

Disparities in Cervical Cancer (CC) mortality outcomes between African American (AA) and White women have been studied for decades. However, conclusions about the effect of race on CC survival differ across studies. This study assessed differences in CC survival between AA and White women diagnosed between 1985 and 2010 and treated at two major hospitals in the southeastern US. The study sample included 925 AA and 1192 White women diagnosed with cervical adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous cell carcinoma, or squamous cell carcinoma. Propensity score adjustment and matching were employed to compare 5‐year survival between the two racial groups. Crude comparisons suggested relevant racial differences in survival. However, the racial differences became of small magnitude after propensity‐score adjustment and in matched analyses. Nonlinear models identified age at diagnosis, cancer stage, mode of treatment, and histological subtype as the most salient characteristics predicting 5‐year survival of CC, yet these characteristics were also associated with race. Crude racial differences in survival might be partly explained by underlying differences in the characteristics of racial groups, such as age at diagnosis, histological subtype, cancer stage, and the mode of treatment. The study results highlight the need to improve access to early screening and treatment opportunities for AA women to improve posttreatment survival from CC.
Proceeding of the 1 st International Workshop on Privacy-Preserving IR : When Information Retrieval Meets Privacy and Security ( PIR 2014 )

Many real world applications in the healthcare domain would gain a substantial advantage from sharing and search technologies available for P2P infrastructures if these technologies could provide required confidentiality guarantees. Currently, DHT-based indexes which are typically applied for effective and efficient information sharing and retrieval in P2P networks do not offer sufficient confidentiality for the patient data in a healthcare network and medical document archives. In this paper we discuss the challenges involved in securing patient data stored in a DHT-based index and discuss initial solutions to address these challenges.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Reliable MulticastProtocols over Ethernet { Connected

Recent advances in multicasting over the Internet present new opportunities for improving communication performance for clusters of workstations. Realizing collective communication over reliable multicast can achieve higher performance than over reliable unicast primitives. The standard IP multicast, however, only supports unreliable multicast, which is diicult to use for building high level message passing routines. Thus, reliable multicast primitives must be implemented over the standard IP multicast to facilitate the use of multicast for high performance communication on clusters of workstations. Although many reliable multicast protocols have been proposed for the wide area Internet environment, the impact of special features of local area networks (LANs) on the performance of the reliable multicast protocols has not been thoroughly studied. EEcient reliable multicast protocols for LANs must exploit these features to achieve the best performance. In this paper, we present our implementation of four types of reliable multicast protocols: the ACK{based protocols, the NAK{based protocols with polling, the ring{based protocols, and the tree{based protocols. The protocols are implemented over IP multicast using the standard UDP interface. We evaluate the performance of the protocols over Ethernet{connected networks, study the impact of some special features of the Ethernet on the performance of the protocols, and investigate the methods to exploit these features to improve communication performance.
Hybrid Shell Engineering of Animal Cells for Immune Protections and Regulation of Drug Delivery: Towards the Design of “Artificial Organs”

Background With the progress in medicine, the average human life expectancy is continuously increasing. At the same time, the number of patients who require full organ transplantations is augmenting. Consequently, new strategies for cell transplantation are the subject of great interest. Methodology/Principal Findings This work reports the design, the synthesis and the characterisation of robust and biocompatible mineralised beads composed of two layers: an alginate-silica composite core and a Ca-alginate layer. The adequate choice of materials was achieved through cytotoxicity LDH release measurement and in vitro inflammatory assay (IL-8) to meet the biocompatibility requirements for medical purpose. The results obtained following this strategy provide a direct proof of the total innocuity of silica and alginate networks for human cells as underscored by the non-activation of immune defenders (THP-1 monocytes). The accessible pore size diameter of the mineralised beads synthesized was estimated between 22 and 30 nm, as required for efficient immuno-isolation without preventing the diffusion of nutrients and metabolites. The model human cells, HepG2, entrapped within these hybrid beads display a high survival rate over more than six weeks according to the measurements of intracellular enzymatic activity, respiration rate, as well as the “de novo” biosynthesis and secretion of albumin out of the beads. Conclusions/Significance The current study shows that active mammalian cells can be protected by a silica-alginate hybrid shell-like system. The functionality of the cell strain can be maintained. Consequently, cells coated with an artificial and a biocompatible mineral shell could respond physiologically within the human body in order to deliver therapeutic agents in a controlled fashion (i.e. insulin), substituting the declining organ functions of the patient.
Mastering rapid delivery and change with the SAIV process model

Ensuring on time, within-budget delivery is increasingly difficult in the information technology (IT) field because of the increasingly rapid rate of requirements volatility of IT systems under development. This paper describes the Model-Based (System) Architecting and Software Engineering (MBASE)'s Schedule as Independent Variable (SAIV) approach to this problem, and illustrates the nature of the solution with examples.
Pharmacological characterization of mechanisms involved in the vasorelaxation produced by rosuvastatin in aortic rings from rats with a cafeteria-style diet

The present study aimed to investigate the possible influence of several inhibitors and blockers on the vascular effect produced by the acute in vitro application of rosuvastatin to phenylephrine‐precontracted aortic rings from rats with a semi‐solid, cafeteria‐style (CAF) diet. It also aimed to examine the effects of rosuvastatin on the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase, constitutive cyclooxygenase, and inducible cyclooxygenase in aortic rings from rats with a CAF diet. From comparisons of the effect on phenylephrine‐precontracted aortic rings extracted from rats with two different diets (a standard and a CAF diet), it was found that 10−9–10−5‐mol/L rosuvastatin produced lower concentration‐dependent vasorelaxation on rings from the CAF diet group. The vasorelaxant effect was unaffected by the vehicle, but it was significantly attenuated by 10−5‐mol/L NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester, 10−2‐mol/L tetraethylammonium, 10−3‐mol/L 4‐aminopyridine, 10−7‐mol/L apamin plus 10−7‐mol/L charybdotoxin, 10−5‐mol/L indomethacin, or 10−5‐mol/L cycloheximide. Moreover, in aortic rings from rats with a CAF diet, rosuvastatin enhanced the expression of eNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase, constitutive cyclooxygenase, and inducible cyclooxygenase. The acute in vitro application of rosuvastatin to phenylephrine‐precontracted aortic rings from rats with a CAF diet had a vasorelaxant effect. Overall, the present results suggest that the stimulation of eNOS, the opening of Ca2+‐activated and voltage‐activated K+ channels, the stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis and enhanced protein levels of eNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase, constitutive cyclooxygenase, and inducible cyclooxygenase are involved in this relaxant effect.
Effective penetration testing with Metasploit framework and methodologies

Nowadays, information security is very important, because more and more confidential information, like medical reports, is being stored electronically on computer systems and those systems are often connected to computer networks. This represents new challenges for people working in information technology. They have to ensure that those systems are as much secure as possible and confidential information will not be revealed. One possible way how to prove system security is to conduct regular penetration tests - e.g. simulate attacker's malicious activity. This article briefly introduces the basics of penetration testing and shows how to deploy and use Metasploit framework when conducting penetration testing. Finally, a case study in production environment is shown. Software tools and techniques described in this work are also valid and applicable for SCADA systems and moreover in any other field where computer networks are used.
Time series prediction using ICA algorithms

We propose a new method for volatile time series forecasting using independent component analysis (ICA) algorithms and Savitzky-Golay filtering as preprocessing tools. The preprocessed data will be introduce in a based radial basis functions (RBF) artificial neural network (ANN) and the prediction result will be compared with the one we get without these preprocessing tools or the classical principal component analysis (PCA) tool
Can We Trust Trust

In this concluding essay I shall try to reconstruct what seem to me the central questions about trust that the individual contributions presented in this volume raise and partly answer. In the first section, I briefly qualify the claim that there is a degree of rational cooperation that should but does not exist, and I shall give a preliminary indication of the importance of the beliefs we hold about others, over and above the importance of the motives we may have for cooperation. In the second section, I define trust and the general conditions under which it becomes relevant for cooperation. In the third, I discuss the extent to which cooperation can come about independently of trust, and also whether trust can be seen as a result rather than a precondition of cooperation. In the final section, I address the question of whether there are rational reasons for people to trust and especially whether there are reasons to trust trust and, correspondingly, distrust distrust.
An approach to graph-based analysis of textual documents

In this paper a new graph-based model is proposed for the representation of textual documents. Graph-structures are obtained from textual documents by making use of the well-known Part-Of-Speech (POS) tagging technique. More specifically, a simple rule-based (re) classifier is used to map each tag onto graph vertices and edges. As a result, a decomposition of textual documents is obtained where tokens are automatically parsed and attached to either a vertex or an edge. It is shown how textual documents can be aggregated through their graph-structures and finally, it is shown how vertex-ranking methods can be used to find relevant tokens. (1).
Combined Treatment with a BACE Inhibitor and Anti-Aβ Antibody Gantenerumab Enhances Amyloid Reduction in APPLondon Mice

Therapeutic approaches for prevention or reduction of amyloidosis are currently a main objective in basic and clinical research on Alzheimer‘s disease. Among the agents explored in clinical trials are anti-Aβ peptide antibodies and secretase inhibitors. Most anti-Aβ antibodies are considered to act via inhibition of amyloidosis and enhanced clearance of existing amyloid, although secretase inhibitors reduce the de novo production of Aβ. Limited information is currently available on the efficacy and potential advantages of combinatorial antiamyloid treatment. We performed a chronic study in APPLondon transgenic mice that received treatment with anti-Aβ antibody gantenerumab and BACE inhibitor RO5508887, either as mono- or combination treatment. Treatment aimed to evaluate efficacy on amyloid progression, similar to preexisting amyloidosis as present in Alzheimer's disease patients. Mono-treatments with either compound caused a dose-dependent reduction of total brain Aβ and amyloid burden. Combination treatment with both compounds significantly enhanced the antiamyloid effect. The observed combination effect was most pronounced for lowering of amyloid plaque load and plaque number, which suggests effective inhibition of de novo plaque formation. Moreover, significantly enhanced clearance of pre-existing amyloid plaques was observed when gantenerumab was coadministered with RO5508887. BACE inhibition led to a significant time- and dose-dependent decrease in CSF Aβ, which was not observed for gantenerumab treatment. Our results demonstrate that combining these two antiamyloid agents enhances overall efficacy and suggests that combination treatments may be of clinical relevance.
Assessing the Influence of Indoor Exposure to “Outdoor Ozone” on the Relationship between Ozone and Short-term Mortality in U.S. Communities

Background: City-to-city differences have been reported for the increase in short-term mortality associated with a given increase in ozone concentration (ozone mortality coefficient). Although ozone concentrations are monitored at central outdoor locations, a large fraction of total ozone exposure occurs indoors. Objectives: To clarify the influence of indoor exposure to ozone of outdoor origin on short-term mortality, we conducted an analysis to determine whether variation in ozone mortality coefficients among U.S. cities might be partly explained by differences in total ozone exposure (from both outdoor and indoor exposures) resulting from the same outdoor ozone concentration. Methods: We estimated average annual air change rates (the overall rate at which indoor air is replaced with outdoor air) and used these to estimate the change in total ozone exposure per unit change in outdoor ozone exposure (ozone exposure coefficient) for 18 cities that had been included in the National Morbidity and Mortality Air Pollution Study (NMMAPS). We then examined associations between both parameters and published ozone mortality coefficients. Results: For the 18 targeted NMMAPS cities, the association between ozone mortality coefficients and ozone exposure coefficients was strong (1-hr ozone metric: R2 = 0.58, p < 0.001; 8-hr ozone: R2 = 0.56, p < 0.001; 24-hr ozone: R2 = 0.48, p = 0.001). When extended to another 72 NMMAPS cities, the associations remained strong (R2 = 0.47–0.63; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Differences in ozone mortality coefficients among cities appear to partially reflect differences in total ozone exposure resulting from differences in the amount of outdoor ozone that is transported indoors.
Measurement and analysis of a horizontal-axis washing machine for low-frequency abnormal noise

The distinct noise of a horizontal-axis washing machine is analysed through the method of spectrum and correlation analysis. A measurement setup is designed to build a three input-single output system. The sound pressure in a standard location as the output, and the sound pressures near drum bearings and near the motor and the acceleration on the drum as three inputs are measured, respectively. The spectral and coherence results show that the puzzled abnormal noise is mainly in low frequencies below 225Hz, and that the harmonics of drum base frequency from the second to the fifteen are presented in the A-weighted sound auto-spectrum in the loading condition. It is concluded that there should be problems of bearings or of misalignment and clearance in the shafting and the drum bearing should be a main noise source for the washing machine. The study in the paper is helpful for the noise reduction of the washing machine and the method proposed is useful for the noise analysis and the identification of the noise sources.
A priori SAP estimator based on the magnitude square coherence for dual-channel microphone system

In this paper, we present a time-frequency (TF)-dependent a priori speech absence probability (SAP) estimator utilizing the magnitude square coherence (MSC) between two microphone signals. It is shown that the normalized SNR can be numerically computed from the MSC by solving a quadratic equation. Based on the fact that the normalized SNR is bounded between 0 and 1, we directly use it for the probability of speech absence in each TF-unit. Since this approach does not require prior statistical knowledge of noise and speech, it is not affected by the performance of the noise PSD estimator. Furthermore, unlike the conventional SNR-based estimator, additional mapping strategy is unnecessary. The algorithm was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and it attained higher correct detection rate at a given false-alarm rate than the conventional algorithms.