Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pure states, polarized waves, and principal components in the spectra of multiple, geophysical time-series

Summary This paper outlines the connection between pure states, polarized waves, and principal components in the spectral representation of multichannel or multivariate geophysical time series. If a wave is a pure state or a polarized wave (e.g. a teleseismic P-wave), the multidimensional spectral representation can be reduced to a one-dimensional spectral representation. The objective of this paper is to develop estimators of the spectral representations of these pure states, which are based on a number of optimality criteria. If nothing is known about the noise in the data, then an estimator similar to the principal components of real multivariate analysis is most useful. If some knowledge of the spectral density matrix of the noise is available, then a number of other optimality criteria can be used. Minimization of the prediction error in the spectral representation of the pure states leads to estimators similar to those used to estimate factor-scores in factor-analytic methods. These estimators of the spectral representations of polarized waves should be extremely useful to the geophysical experimenter because they allow a more objective evaluation of the parameters of the wave, and because they allow the multichannel data to be filtered to extract polarized waves, without specific knowledge of the type of polarization (e.g. elliptical or linear, and orientation of polarization ellipse). Some practical examples using spectral representations of ULF (1–20 mHz) magnetic fields are given in order to illustrate the usefulness of these methods in interpreting multichannel data.
On discrete-time trajectory planning for state space exact linearizable systems

Models derived from first-principles are continuous in time, but digital computer control implementations utilize discrete-time models. For linear systems, there are well known methods to obtain an exact discrete-time model. For nonlinear systems, however, there is no general method available. State space exact feedback linearizable systems comprise a class of nonlinear systems that admit transformation to a linear form, based on which an approximate time discretization is possible. This paper deals with optimal planning for such systems.
Metastasectomy for colorectal pulmonary metastases: a survey among members of the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Abstract OBJECTIVES Surgical management of pulmonary metastases in colorectal cancer patients is a debated topic. There is currently no consensus on this matter, which sparks considerable risk for international practice variation. The European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) ran a survey to assess current clinical practices and to determine criteria for resection among ESTS members. METHODS All ESTS members were invited to complete an online questionnaire of 38 questions on current practice and management of pulmonary metastases in colorectal cancer patients. RESULTS In total, 308 complete responses were received (response rate: 22%) from 62 countries. Most respondents consider that pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal pulmonary metastases improves disease control (97%) and improves patients’ survival (92%). Invasive mediastinal staging in case of suspicious hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes is indicated (82%). Wedge resection is the preferred type of resection for a peripheral metastasis (87%). Minimally invasive approach is the preferred approach (72%). For a centrally located colorectal pulmonary metastasis, the preferred form of treatment is a minimally invasive anatomical resection (56%). During metastasectomy, 67% of respondents perform mediastinal lymph node sampling or dissection. Routine chemotherapy is rarely or never given following metastasectomy (57% of respondents). CONCLUSIONS This survey among the ESTS members underlines the change in practice of pulmonary metastasectomy with an increasing tendency in favour of minimally invasive metastasectomy and surgical resection is preferred over other types of local treatment. Criteria for resectability vary and controversy remains regarding lymph node assessment and the role of adjuvant treatment.
Representable divisibility semigroups

By a divisibility semigroup we mean an algebra (S,., ∧) satisfying (Al) (S,.) is a semigroup; (A2) (S, ∧) is a semilattice; (A3) . A divisibility semigroup is called representable if it admits a subdirect decomposition into totally ordered factors. In this paper various types of representable divisibility semigroups are investigated and characterized, admitting a representation in general or even a special decomposition, like subdirect sums of archimedean factors, for instance.
Dependence of Damping Correction Factors for Response Spectra on Duration and Numbers of Cycles

Many modern applications in earthquake engineering require the use of pseudoacceleration response spectra or relative displacement response spectra calculated for damping ratios other than the commonly assumed 5% of critical. The simplest way to obtain such spectra is to derive ratios of the spectral ordinates at the desired damping ratio to the 5% damped spectrum, which can then be applied as scaling factors. These scaling factors have previously been shown to be mildly dependent upon period as well as strongly dependent upon duration. In this paper, the dependence of the scaling factors with respect to both duration and the number of equivalent load cycles is quantified. Generic equations are derived that may be used to estimate the spectral response over a wide range of damping ratios as a function of significant duration (both D5–75% and D5–95% ), and number of cycles [ Nrr (2.0)] . While the dependence upon these predictor variables is clear, the derived relationships cannot be directly incorporated .
Estimating Mark Functions Through Spectral Analysis for Marked Point Patterns

Classical techniques for modeling numerical data associated to a regular grid have been widely developed in the literature. When a trigonometric model for the data is considered, it is possible to use the corresponding least squares (classical) estimators, but when the data are not observed on a regular grid, these estimators do not show appropriate properties. In this article we propose a novel way to model data that is not observed on a regular grid, and we establish a practical criterion, based on the mean squared error (MSE), to objectively decide which estimator should be used in each case: the inappropriate classical or the new unbiased estimator, which has greater variance. Jackknife and cross-validation techniques are used to follow a similar criterion in practice, when the MSE is not known. Finally, we present an application of the methodology to univariate and bivariate data.
MED13L and its disease‐associated variants influence the dendritic development of cerebral cortical neurons in the mammalian brain

The mediator complex comprises multiple subcellular subunits that collectively function as a molecular interface between RNA polymerase II and gene‐specific transcription factors. Recently, genetic variants to one subunit of the complex, known as MED13L (mediator complex subunit 13 like), have been implicated in syndromic intellectual disability and distinct facial features, frequently accompanied by congenital heart defects. We investigated the impact of five disease‐associated MED13L variants on the subcellular localization and biochemical stability of MED13L protein in vitro and in vivo. In overexpression assays using cortical neurons from embryonic mouse cerebral cortices transduced by in utero electroporation‐mediated gene transfer, we found that mouse orthologues of human MED13L‐p.P866L and ‐p.T2162M missense variants accumulated in the nucleus, while the p.S2163L and p.S2177Y variants were diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm. In contrast, we found that the p.Q1922* truncation variant was barely detectable in transduced cells, a phenotype reminiscent of this variant that results in MED13L haploinsufficiency in humans. Next, we analyzed these variants for their effects on neuronal migration, dendritic growth, spine morphology, and axon elongation of cortical neurons in vivo. There, we found that overexpression of the p.P866L variant resulted in reduced number and length of dendrites of cortical layer II/III pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, we show that mMED13L‐knockdown abrogated dendritic growth in vivo, and this effect was significantly rescued by co‐electroporation of an RNAi‐resistant mMED13L, but weakly by the p.T2162M variant, and not at all by the p.S2163L variant. However, overexpression of the p.S2163L variant inhibited mature dendritic spine formation in vivo. Expression of each of the 5 variants did not affect neuronal cell migration and callosal axon elongation in vivo. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MED13L expression is relevant to corticogenesis and influences the dendritic branching characteristics of cortical excitatory neurons. Our study also suggests that disease‐associated MED13L variants may directly cause morphological and functional defects in cortical neurons in different ways.
The estimation of coherence and group delay

SUMMARY The usual estimation of coherence is known to be badly biased towards zero if over the band of frequencies used for its estimation the phase is changing rapidly, as in the case of large group delay. The usual asymptotic distribution theory for spectral estimates is of no value in this circumstance, since it does not involve the group delay. A new theory is used to obtain estimates of coherence and group delay, which is itself of considerable physical interest, and the asymptotic distribution of the estimates is obtained.
Spectral measurements of underwater downwelling radiance of inland water bodies

The apparatus exploited in this work is composed of an optical cable linked to a portable FieldSpec UV/VNIR that records the spectral downwelling radiance in underwater environment, allowing us to calculate the shortwave attenuation coefficient in water. Results for three inland water bodies are presented under different atmospheric conditions (sun zenith angle and wind speed) and water composition (chlorophyll α concentration and turbidity). We show that the spectral downwelling zenith radiance profiles under high sun elevations present a positive slope in the upper layers due to relatively high scattering of direct sunlight compared to attenuation. For deeper layers, attenuation overcomes the scattering of sunlight leading to a constant negative logarithmic slope. For low sun elevations, a negative slope is observed in the entire water column since the scattering of direct sunlight is always lower than attenuation. Whenever a negative logarithmic constant slope is observed, the attenuation coefficient was computed. A relation was observed between attenuation coefficient in the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) spectral region and water turbidity, for the three water bodies under study.
The β‐adrenergic hypothesis of synaptic and microglial impairment in Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease originating partly from amyloid β protein‐induced synaptic failure. As damaging of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) occurs at the prodromal stage of AD, activation of adrenergic receptors could serve as the first line of defense against the onset of the disease. Activation of β2‐ARs strengthens long‐term potentiation (LTP) and synaptic activity, thus improving learning and memory. Physical stimulation of animals exposed to an enriched environment (EE) leads to the activation of β2‐ARs and prevents synaptic dysfunction. EE also suppresses neuroinflammation, suggesting that β2‐AR agonists may play a neuroprotective role. The β2‐AR agonists used for respiratory diseases have been shown to have an anti‐inflammatory effect. Epidemiological studies further support the beneficial effects of β2‐AR agonists on several neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, I propose that β2‐AR agonists may provide therapeutic value in combination with novel treatments for AD.
We are Not Adult Convicted Sex Offenders; We are Your Youth! the Call for Developmentally-Gender Sensitive Assessment of Youth Who are Sexually Abusive

ABSTRACT This article renews the call by Chaffin and Bonner in 1998 to cease treating youth who engage in sexually abusive behaviors like adult male convicted sex offenders. The author urges that professionals cease imposing an adult-centered convicted sex offender paradigm in assessment and treatment. A new paradigm is advocated that considers sexual developmental and gender issues, along with judicial status in all areas of intervention (i.e., clinical and risk assessment, treatment/service planning, and possible treatment [when needed]). The paradigm is grounded on the Family Lovemap model, a conceptual framework for assessing the youth’s bio-physio-psycho-social-sexual and erotic development. Discussed is the evidence-based, developmentally and gender sensitive risk-level tool, MEGA♪ as a viable option for assessing risk for persistent coarse sexual improprieties and sexually abusive behaviors in youth ages 4–19 (adjudicated and non-adjudicated). Selected significant empirical findings are presented from 3,901 youths who were participants in samples of the MEGA♪ validation studies.
Evaluation of the effects of the toilet training process on the children's quality of life

Toilet training is a significant developmental milestone for children. During the process of toilet training, voiding and defecation problems may develop, which have a major adverse impact on the child's quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to assess voiding and defecation problems in the process of toilet training and evaluate how these issues influenced the children's QoL.
Improved formulations for rotational core losses in rotating electrical machines

This paper presents the measurement and modeling of rotational core losses in electrical steel sheets and rotating electrical machines. Novel formulations of rotational hysteresis, eddy current, and excess losses in electrical sheet steels with circular and elliptical rotating flux density vectors are reported. These formulations are used together with the finite element method to calculate the core losses in rotating electrical machines according to the distribution of the rotating magnetic field. Theoretical results are compared with the experiments on both electrical steel sheets and electrical machines.
Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Self Report Scale (SCT-SR): Development and Initial Validation Study

Objective: Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) is a psychological construct consisting of daydreaming, confusion, slowness in movements, lethargy, and low motivation. It is important to develop a self-report scale to evaluate SCT symptoms in children and adolescents in order to meet the following needs; (1) Considering the closeness of SCT symptoms with internalized symptoms, it can provide more reliable information, (2) It allows information to be obtained from multiple informants, and (3) The main symptoms of SCT include subjective experiences such as daydreaming and mind wandering that may be difficult to observe from the outside. Therefore, it was aimed to develop a self-report SCT scale. Method: A total of 467 adolescents and 178 parents participated in the study. Data were collected with scales. Results: The scale consists of 20 items and a single factor. Factor loadings were between 0.60 and 0.81. Conclusion: Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Self-Report Scale is a valid and reliable self-report scale.
Noise characteristics in spaceflight multichannel EEG

The cognitive performance of the crew has a major impact on mission safety and success in space flight. Monitoring of cognitive performance during long-duration space flight therefore is of paramount importance and can be performed using compact state-of-the-art mobile EEG. However, signal quality of EEG may be compromised due to the vicinity to various electronic devices and constant movements. We compare noise characteristics between in-flight extraterrestrial microgravity and ground-level terrestrial electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. EEG data recordings from either aboard International Space Station (ISS) or on earth’s surface, utilizing three EEG amplifiers and two electrode types, were compared. In-flight recordings showed noise level of an order of magnitude lower when compared to pre- and post-flight ground-level recordings with the same EEG system. Noise levels between ground-level recordings with actively shielded cables, and in-flight recordings without shielded cables, were similar. Furthermore, noise level characteristics of shielded ground-level EEG recordings, using wet and dry electrodes, and in-flight EEG recordings were similar. Actively shielded mobile dry EEG systems will support neuroscientific research and neurocognitive monitoring during spaceflight, especially during long-duration space missions.
First order actions for gravitational systems, strings and membranes

We discuss first order actions in general and the construction of first order actions by eliminating Lagrange multipliers in particular. A number of first order actions for gravitational theories are presented. Part of the article reviews first order actions, some of them well-known and some lesser known. New examples of first order actions include Weyl-invariant actions for membranes, with and without rigidity terms, as well as for Abelian and non-Abelian Born-Infeld actions in two dimensions.
Single-mode birefringent fibers: An analytical theory

We investigate whether, in a linearly birefringent step-index single-mode fiber, Maxwell's equations can be solved rigorously by separation of variables. If the initial assumptions are the same as in an isotropic fiber, then, although many more steps are needed, the final equations are simple and easy to compare with the isotropic case. It is shown that their solutions are never exactly self-consistent. Consequently, the states of polarization of the transverse fields are sensitive to anisotropy, as it had already been proved experimentally. Furthermore, an isotropic fiber "equivalent" to the anisotropic one for what concerns one individual polarization state can be defined only within an uncertainty range comparable to the birefringence.
Indomethacin restores loss of hippocampal neurogenesis and cholinergic innervation and reduces innate immune expression and reversal learning deficits in adult male and female rats following adolescent ethanol exposure

Background: Adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure causes long-term changes in the brain and behavior of adult male rodents, including persistent induction of innate immune pathways, reductions in hippocampal neurogenic and forebrain cholinergic neuronal markers, and reversal learning deficits. The current study tests the hypothesis that proinflammatory induction mediates AIE-induced (1) loss of adult neurogenesis (i.e., doublecortin (DCX) expressing immature neurons), (2) reductions in forebrain and hippocampal cholinergic markers, and (3) reversal learning deficits. Methods: Male and female rats underwent AIE (5.0 g/kg/day ethanol or water, i.g., 2 day-on/2 day-off from postnatal day (PND) 25–54), followed by a 2-week regimen of the anti-inflammatory compound indomethacin (4.0 g/kg/day, PND 56–69) or vehicle, after which one cohort was euthanized for immunohistochemical markers (PND 70) and the second underwent the Morris water maze to assess reversal learning. Results: AIE reduced adult (PND 70) DCX+ immunoreactivity (IR) and increased hippocampal expression of the innate immune signal’s high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1 + IR) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2 + IR) in adult male and female rats. AIE also reduced choline acetyltransferase (ChAT+IR) in the basal forebrain and co-labeling of hippocampal vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT+) cholinergic terminals on DCX + IR neurons. Indomethacin treatment after AIE restored molecular endpoints to control levels and rescued AIE-induced reversal learning deficits in the Morris water maze in both sexes. Of note, indomethacin produced several adverse effects selectively in control conditions, highlighting the uniquely beneficial effect of indomethacin in AIE rats. Conclusions: These data suggest that in males and females, (1) AIE persistent neuroimmune induction mediates both the loss of adult hippocampal DCX and loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and their innervation to hippocampal targets, and (2) anti-inflammatory indomethacin treatment following AIE that restores these persistent molecular pathologies also restores spatial reversal learning deficits.
The Use of a Dehydrated Complete Human Placental Membrane Allograft for Mohs Surgical Defects of the Nose

BACKGROUND Repair options for Mohs surgical defects include primary closure, flap or graft, or healing by second intention. These options may not be optimal in all cases. A dehydrated complete human placental membrane (dCHPM) allograft may serve as an alternative repair option. OBJECTIVE To assess the aesthetic and functional outcomes of an alternative repair technique for Mohs surgical defects of the nose. METHODS Twenty patients with Mohs surgical defects of the nose repaired with a dCHPM allograft were retrospectively identified. Photographs were used to demonstrate surgical technique and outcomes. Two blinded observers evaluated final outcomes using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale. RESULTS Observers rated the scar outcome a combined mean score of 8.4 ± 3.2 (scale 5–50). Patients rated their outcomes a mean of 12.6 ± 7.4 (scale 6–60). The mean “Overall Opinion score” was 2.5 ± 1.8 by patients and 1.9 ± 1.3 by observers (scale 1–10). Limitations This was a single institution study with a small sample size. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that dCHPM allografts are a viable alternative repair option for Mohs surgical defects of the nose.
Association between the proportion of laparoscopic approaches for digestive surgeries and the incidence of consequent surgical site infections, 2009–2019: A retrospective observational study based on national surveillance data in Japan

Background Surgical site infections (SSIs) are among the most common healthcare-associated infections. Laparoscopy is increasingly being used in various surgical procedures. However, no study has examined the association between the proportion of laparoscopic procedures and the incidence of SSIs in digestive surgery using nationwide surveillance data. Methods We retrospectively investigated national SSI surveillance data from the Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance between 2009 and 2019. The annual trend of the SSI rate and the proportion of laparoscopic procedures were assessed, focusing on five major digestive surgeries. This was based on data from 109,544 (appendix surgery), 206,459 (gallbladder surgery), 60,225 (small bowel surgery), 363,677 (colon surgery), and 134,695 (rectal surgery) procedures. The effect of a 10% increase in the proportion of laparoscopic procedures on the reduction of the SSI rate was estimated using mixed-effect logistic regression. Findings The average SSI rate of the five digestive surgeries decreased from 11.8% in 2009 to 8.1% in 2019. The proportion of laparoscopic procedures in each of the five digestive surgeries increased continuously (p<0.001). The SSI rate for laparoscopic procedures was always lower than that for open procedures. The results were consistent between all and core hospitals participating in the surveillance. The odds ratios of the 10% increase in the proportion of laparoscopic procedures for five digestive surgeries were always <0.950 (p<0.001). Conclusion An increase in the proportion of laparoscopic procedures was associated with a reduction in the SSI rate in digestive surgeries.