Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supporting the processing of 3D objects in different orientations with animation: The case of functional anatomy

Animation is widely used in instructional materials to represent dynamic systems changing continuously over time. Another use of animation is to provide a continuous series of points of view of an object in the three spatial dimensions. Such animated 3D visualization is believed to support learners in the construction of a mental representation of the 3D object, which is particularly important in domains like functional anatomy. Is animation really helpful for this purpose? How should animations be designed in order to support learners with various spatial abilities? This paper reports two experimental studies conducted with university students learning functional anatomy. The first study compared animated instructional material depicting the structure and behavior of the scapula with a static version of the same content. Learning tasks included the recognition of parts, rotations and orientations of the scapula. The second study investigated the effect of displaying orientation references (internal axes, external character or none) in learning the 3D structure of two anatomical objects, with expected effects of learners' visuo-spatial abilities in mental rotation and perspective-taking. The results of the first study showed no main effect of the conditions on performances, although the animation group was locally more accurate in performing some rotation tasks. Moreover, visuo- spatial abilities affected the performance differently for the two versions, suggesting different processing strategies. The findings of both studies (second study currently under analysis) will be discussed in terms of interaction between design features and learners' abilities.
Evaluation of a prototype data flow processor of the SIGMA-1 for scientific computations

A processing element and a structure element of data flow computer SIGMA-1 for scientific computations is now operational. The elements are evaluated for several benchmark programs. For efficient execution of loop constructs, the sticky token mechanism which holds loop invariants is evaluated and exhibits a remarkable effect. From the standpoint that performance of a single processor of a data flow computer must be comparable to that of a Von Neumann computer, comparison of both computers is discussed and improvement of the SIGMA-1 instruction set is proposed.
The Cognitive Aging of Episodic Memory: A View Based on the Event-Related Brain Potential

A cardinal feature of older-adult cognition is a decline, relative to the young, in the encoding and retrieval of personally relevant events, i.e., episodic memory (EM). A consensus holds that familiarity, a relatively automatic feeling of knowing that can support recognition-memory judgments, is preserved with aging. By contrast, recollection, which requires the effortful, strategic recovery of contextual detail, declines as we age. Over the last decade, event-related brain potential (ERPs) have become increasingly important tools in the study of the aging of EM, because a few, well-researched EM effects have been associated with the cognitive processes thought to underlie successful EM performance. EM effects are operationalized by subtracting the ERPs elicited by correctly rejected, new items from those to correctly recognized, old items. Although highly controversial, the mid-frontal effect (a positive component between ∼300 and 500 ms, maximal at fronto-central scalp sites) is thought to reflect familiarity-based recognition. A positivity between ∼500 and 800 ms, maximal at left-parietal scalp, has been labeled the left-parietal EM effect. A wealth of evidence suggests that this brain activity reflects recollection-based retrieval. Here, I review the ERP evidence in support of the hypothesis that familiarity is maintained while recollection is compromised in older relative to young adults. I consider the possibility that the inconsistency in findings may be due to individual differences in performance, executive function, and quality of life indices, such as socio-economic status.
Botnet Tracking Tools

Botnets are a serious threat to internet security. Botnets consist of networked collections of compromised machines called robots or ‘bots’ for short. Bots are also called ‘zombies,’ and botnets are also called ‘zombie armies. ’ Bots are controlled by nodes called ‘botmasters’ or ‘botherders. ’ Bots are infected with malicious code that performs work on behalf of the botmaster or botherder. Botnets are used to conduct cyber warfare, perform massive identity theft, store and disseminate malware and pornography, execute massive spam campaigns, and implement distributed Denial of Service attacks. Botnets today can provide the processing power of a supercomputer and perform a sustained Denial of Service attack powerful enough to take a country off line. This paper will discuss botnet detection tools and techniques, organization and architectures, protocols, and lifecycle. Botnet Tracking Tools! 2 ! Pierce! Gibbs,! pierce.m. gibbs@gmail.com!
Cost-Effectiveness of Sirolimus-Eluting Stents for Treatment of Complex Coronary Stenoses: Results From the Sirolimus-Eluting Balloon Expandable Stent in the Treatment of Patients With De Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions (SIRIUS) Trial

Background—Recently, sirolimus-eluting stents (SESs) have been shown to dramatically reduce the risk of angiographic and clinical restenosis compared with bare metal stent (BMS) implantation. However, the overall cost-effectiveness of this strategy is unknown. Methods and Results—Between February and August 2001, 1058 patients with complex coronary stenoses were enrolled in the SIRIUS trial and randomized to percutaneous coronary revascularization with either a SES or BMS. Clinical outcomes, resource use, and costs were assessed prospectively for all patients over a 1-year follow-up period. Initial hospital costs were increased by $2881 per patient with SESs. Over the 1-year follow-up period, use of SESs led to substantial reductions in the need for repeat revascularization, including repeat percutaneous coronary intervention and bypass surgery. Although follow-up costs were reduced by $2571 per patient with SESs, aggregate 1-year costs remained $309 per patient higher. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for SES was $1650 per repeat revascularization event avoided or $27 540 per quality-adjusted year of life gained, values that compare reasonably with other accepted medical interventions. Under updated treatment assumptions regarding available stent lengths and duration of antiplatelet therapy, use of SESs was projected to reduce total 1-year costs compared with BMSs. Conclusions—Although use of SESs was not cost-saving compared with BMS implantation, for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention of complex coronary stenoses, their use appears to be reasonably cost-effective within the context of the US healthcare system.
Current-Based Detection of Mechanical Unbalance in an Induction Machine Using Spectral Kurtosis With Reference

This paper explores the design, online, of an electrical machine's healthy reference by means of statistical tools. The definition of a healthy reference enables the computation of normalized fault indicators whose value is independent of the system's characteristics. This is a great advantage when diagnosing a broad range of systems with different power, coupling, inertia, load, etc. In this paper, an original method called spectral kurtosis with reference is presented to design a system's healthy reference. Its principle is first explained on a synthetic signal. This approach is then evaluated for mechanical unbalance detection in an induction machine using the stator current instantaneous frequency. The normalized behavior of the proposed indicator is then confirmed for different operating conditions, and its robustness with respect to load variations is demonstrated. Finally, the advantages of using a statistical indicator based on a healthy reference compared with a raw fault signature are discussed.
From Business Processes to Process Spaces

The paper mentions that business processes in today's enterprises are dynamic, flexible, and sometimes ad hoc. The enterprise often uses not only process management systems but also various tools, resources, and services to support process execution. Process spaces can provide a new abstraction for process management in such scenarios. Process-space management systems can enable definition, analysis, and management of process spaces over distributed process artifacts.
Completely verifying memory consistency of test program executions

An important means of validating the design of commercial-grade shared memory multiprocessors is to run a large number of pseudo-random test programs on them. However, when intentional data races are placed in a test program, there may be many correct results according to the memory consistency model supported by the system. For popular memory models like SC and TSO, the problem of verifying correctness of an execution is known to be NP-complete. As a result, analysis techniques implemented in the past have been incomplete: violations of the memory model are flagged if provable, otherwise the result is inconclusive and it is assumed optimistically that the machine's results are correct. In this paper, we describe for the first time a practical, new algorithm which can solve this problem with certainty, thus ensuring that incorrect behavior of a large, complex multiprocessor cannot escape. We present results of our analysis algorithm on test programs run on a newly designed multiprocessor system built by Sun Microsystems. We show that our algorithm performs very well, typically analyzing a program with 512 K memory operations distributed across 60 processors within a few minutes. Our algorithm runs in less than 2.6 times the time taken by an incomplete baseline algorithm which may miss errors. Our approach greatly increases the confidence in the correctness of the results generated by the multiprocessor, and allows us to potentially uncover more bugs in the design than was previously possible.
Understanding Social Commerce Intention: A Relational View

With the growing popularity of social media, consumers often rely on the recommendations obtained from online sources when making the purchase decision. Social commerce in this regard represents a shift in consumer's thinking from inefficient individual consumption to collaborative sharing and shopping. In this study, we investigate social commerce intention from two different but interrelated angles, i.e., social shopping and social sharing. Built on commitment-trust theory and trust transfer theory, a research model was developed and empirically examined. The results demonstrated that community commitment and trust towards community exerted significant impacts on both social shopping and social sharing intention. Trust towards members can be transferred to trust towards community, which in turn leads to community commitment. In addition, trust towards members posits a direct effect on social shopping, and an indirect effect on social sharing via trust towards community. Limitations and implications for both research and practice are discussed.
Simulations and Experiments Toward High-Data-Transfer-Rate Readers Composed of a Spin-Torque Oscillator

High-data-transfer-rate readers beyond 3 Gbit/s composed of spin-torque oscillators (STOs) are considered and the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of the output signals under the thermal magnetization fluctuations are calculated by using the recent nonlinear theories. The “STO Reader” senses the media field as a modulation in the oscillation frequency, enabling high-data-transfer rates beyond the limit of ferromagnetic relaxation. The output (digital) signal is obtained by frequency modulation (FM) detection, which is commonly used in communication technologies. As the problem of rapid phase diffusion in nonlinear STOs caused by the thermal fluctuations is overcome by employing a delay detection method, the sufficiently large SNRs are expected even in nonlinear STOs less than 30×30 nm2 in size. The prompt response of the STO frequency (phase) to the media field and the high-data-transfer rate beyond 5 Gbit/s are shown by micromagnetic simulation. The frequency transition of STO in less than 1 ns under the pulse field is also confirmed by experiment.
Modeling Blog Dynamics

How do blogs produce posts? What local, underlying mechanisms lead to the bursty temporal behaviors observed in blog networks? Earlier work analyzed network patterns of blogs and found that blog behavior is bursty and often follows power laws in both topological and temporal characteristics. However, no intuitive and realistic model has yet been introduced, that can lead to such patterns. This is exactly the focus of this work. We propose a generative model that uses simple and intuitive principles for each individual blog, and yet it is able to produce the temporal characteristics of the blogosphere together with global topological network patterns, like power-laws for degree distributions, for inter-posting times, and several more. Our model ZC uses a novel 'zero-crossing' approach based on a random walk, combined with other powerful ideas like exploration and exploitation. This makes it the first model to simultaneously model the topology and temporal dynamics of the blogosphere. We validate our model with experiments on a large collection of 45,000 blogs and 2.2 million posts.
COMPARATIVE CYTOPHYSIOLOGY OF STRIATED MUSCLE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ROLE OF THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

1. The structure and distribution of the components of striated muscle cells vary with the species and with the specialization of muscle fiber function. 2. There appear to be two, easily distinguishable, general categories of striated muscle structure. A. High frequency muscle (represented by flight muscle of higher insects and hummingbird, and cicada tympanal muscle) is characterized by widely spaced, non-branching fibrils of large diameter and short period, little endoplasmic reticulum, and large quantities of large mitochondria (low fibril-sarcoplasm ratio). This structure is correlated with heavy tracheolization or vascularization, high oxidative activity, and dark color as compared with other muscles of the same species. B. Low frequency muscle is characterized, in general, by high fibril-sarcoplasm ratio, relatively long period, few mitochondria increasing with activity and decreasing with absolute power of the fiber. Oxidative capacity and color are proportional to the quantity of mitochondria. These fibers are further differentiated into (a) fibrillar arrangement of contractile material which permits a regular pattern of interfibrillar and segmental reticulum, and (b) afibrillar arrangement of contractile material leading to an unsystematic distribution of reticulum. 3. The endoplasmic reticulum appears as a complex coordination system in the muscle fiber. Peripherally, it links the Z and M lines of the fibrils to the sarcolemma and between the fibrils it links the cross-bands, forming the Grundmembran of earlier authors. By longitudinal linkage, it connects with the sarcolemma at the muscle extremity to form a digital arrangement into which the tendon fibrils are spliced. The extent of its development and its position have a definite relationship to the degree and site of fiber shortening. At present the reticulum is the only structure that one can consider to be an internal conducting system. It may distribute the excitation transversely from fibril to fibril, and lengthwise saltatorially to the symmetry centers of the sarcomeres. 4. The nucleus is the mediating element between the cytoplasmic phases within and without the tubular system of the endoplasmic reticulum. A possible mechanism which correlates nucleus, adenylic acid system, ion exchange, and reticulum with the initiation of contraction is postulated.
Glutaredoxin Mediates Akt and eNOS Activation by Flow in a Glutathione Reductase-Dependent Manner

Objective—The glutathione (GSH)/glutaredoxin (Grx) system regulates activities of many redox sensitive enzymes. This system has been shown to protect cells from hydrogen peroxide–induced apoptosis by regulating the redox state of Akt. Grx can be regulated by redox state; the oxidized Grx is selectively recycled to the reduced form by GSH. Flow can maintain endothelial cells in a reduced state by activating glutathione reductase (GR) and increasing the GSH/GSSG ratio. Because steady laminar flow exerts an antioxidant effect, we hypothesized that Grx mediates flow induced Akt and eNOS phosphorylation in a GR dependent manner. Methods and Results—Exposure of endothelial cells (ECs) to physiological steady laminar flow (shear stress=12 dyn/cm2) for 5 minutes significantly increased Grx activity (1.9±0.2-fold), and also increased Akt and eNOS phosphorylation. Overexpression of GFP-GR in ECs significantly increased Grx activity by 1.6±0.1-fold. Pretreatment with the GR inhibitor 1,3-bis[2-chloroethyl]-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) for 30 minutes dramatically reduced Grx activity and inhibited the increase in Akt and eNOS phosphorylation induced by flow. Overexpression of wild-type Grx in ECs increased both Akt and eNOS phosphorylation. In contrast, a mutated Grx (C22S/C25S), which lacks thioltransferase activity, had no effect. Therefore, flow-induced Akt and eNOS phosphorylation depend on Grx thioltransferase activity. Downregulation of Grx by small interfering RNA decreased flow induced Akt and eNOS phosphorylation. Conclusions—These data suggest that Grx is an important mediator for flow-induced Akt and eNOS activation, and Grx activity depends on GR-mediated changes in EC redox state.
Learning To Design Together

The paper presents experiments in learning in a multi-agent design system. Inductive te chniques are used to const ruct models of other agents’ behaviors, by relating design requirements to design proposals. The models are used to anticipate future design proposals and reduce the amount of interaction needed to find solutions for parametric design problems.
Evolutionary many-objective optimization by MO-NSGA-II with enhanced mating selection

Many-objective optimization deals with problems with more than three objectives. The rapid growth of non-dominated solutions with the increase of the number of objectives weakens the search ability of Pareto-dominance-based multiobjective evolutionary algorithms. MO-NSGA-II strengthens its dominance-based predecessor, NSGA-II, by guiding the search process with reference points. In this paper, we further improve MO-NSGA-II by enhancing its mating selection mechanism with a hierarchical selection and a neighborhood concept based on the reference points. Experimental results confirm that the proposed ideas lead to better solution quality.
Preliminary Designs for Synthetic Chemotactic Oscillators MIT Summer Synthetic Biology Competition

This document sketches out some of the potential designs for synthetic chemotactic oscillators, which are synthetic biological systems which oscillate between various phases of chemotactic and non-chemotactic behavior. Although single-cell synthetic chemotactic oscillators are possible, we hope to build synchronized population level oscillators so that an entire cell population oscillates between chemotactic and non-chemotactic behavior. Ultimately, this could result in an impressive display where a population of cells collectively move up and down a chemical gradient. The larger system can be decomposed into three primary modules. The chemotaxis module provides a hook into controlling the chemotactic behavior of the cell. The oscillator module generates a reliable output signal which oscillates between a high and low state. The cell-to-cell synchronization module couples the individual oscillator modules across the entire cell population to create synchronized population-level oscillations. Figure 1 illustrates how these three primary modules are interconnected. The oscillator module is connected to the chemotaxis module through a simple pops enable signal. When the chemotaxis module is enabled the cell should be able to respond naturally to chemical gradients, but when the chemotaxis module is disabled the cell should either remain stationary or simply wander randomly. The oscillator module is connected to the cell-to-cell synchronization module through two pops signals. The oscillator module uses one signal to communicate to the cell-to-cell synchronization module which oscillatory phase it is in. Meanwhile, the cell-tocell synchronization module communicates to the oscillator module which phase the rest of the population is in. These signals are wired directly into the oscillator to bias the oscillator towards the population’s phase.
i23 - Rapid Interactive 3D Reconstruction from a Single Image

We presenti23, an algorithm to reconstruct a 3D model from a single image taken with a normal photo camera. It is based off an automatic machine learning approach that casts 3D reconstruction as a probabilistic inference problem using a Markov Random Field trained on ground truth data. Since it is difficult to learn the statistical relations for all possible images, the quality of the automatic reconstruction is sometimes unsatisfying. We therefore designed an intuitive interface for a user to sketch, in a few seconds, additional hints to the algorithm. We have developed a way to incorporate these constraints into the probabilistic reconstruction framework in order to obtain 3D reconstructions of much higher quality than previous fullyautomatic methods. Our system also represents an exciting new computational photography tool, enabling new ways of rendering and editing photos. 1
Wire- and powder laser cladding of Inconel® 625

Due to the material properties and process applicability, laser cladding of Inconel® 625 is ought to have applications in the aerospace and deep-sea pipeline coating. This study background refers to the second application; thus, only single clad layers are presented. The focus is the comparison of layers made with wire and powder feeding laser cladding strategies. Processes suitability regarding application will be pondered over, while characterizing Inconel® 625 depositions and considering process characteristics. In a first step, the analysis considers a comparison between both cladding methods, operating within assumptions and a similar range of main parameters. After inferring from these results, the achieved knowledge is used to adjust settings on the second step, where both processes are optimized individually. Clad quality is evaluated regarding to geometry through optical microscopy, dilution percentage and chemical composition in different positions in the clad are analysed by EDS and substrate-to-clad hardness is measured.
Interference-Aware Resource Allocation in a Two-cell Environment

We propose an interference-aware resource allocation scheme in a two-cell environment. We derive a distributed resource allocation criterion with local channel information to maximize the achievable sum rate. With the criterion, each cell independently determines whether to use the given resource or not. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides close performance to the optimal centralized scheme.