Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing Climate Change Impacts on Water, Land-Use and Economic Return in Agriculture

We develop a regional scale economic model for analyzing climate-change impacts on agriculture. Non-linear production functions describing yield responses to land allocation, water application and water salinity are integrated into a mathematical programming model. The responses to water quantity and quality are estimated by the use of scientific-based models simulating equilibrium in the root zone among plant's water uptake, soil salinity and soil's water content. Internalization of land allocation among crops is based on Howitt's PMP calibration approach (1995). The model, therefore, enables assessment of climate-change impacts on optimal agricultural management, where adaptation is considered endogenously with respect to both the extensive and intensive margins. The model is applied to the case of Israel. We divide the country into 14 regions and estimate regional future precipitation levels by implementing a climate-change down-scaling procedure. Then the model computes optimal agricultural managements under these projected rainfall levels. The results indicate a reduction of about 20% in statewide annual agricultural net-revenues by the year 2100 in comparison to 2002. Land allocated to field crops is increased on the expense of forages and vegetables. The shares of field crops and forages in the agricultural irrigation-water allotment are increased, while that of vegetables declines.
Calculating density of water in geochemical lake stratification models

To model chemically stratified lakes numerically, chemical transformations must be reflected in the density function. In this contribution, partial molal volumes are used to calculate density from the chemical composition of lake water. Such values have been evaluated for cations and anions separately, to facilitate an easy implementation into geochemical stratification models for lakes. Coefficients for temperature dependence and variation for higher ionic strengths were evaluated from previously published data. An algorithm RHOMV to calculate density with a second order approximation for temperature dependence and ionic strength dependence is proposed. The accuracy is tested for seawater composition. We conclude that this approach delivers a representation of density based on the actual chemical composition of the lake water, which is accurate enough for most limnological purposes. The implementation of RHOMV into geochemical stratification models facilitates the numerical tackling of pressing questions, such as meromixis or double diffusive features or altered circulation patterns of lakes due to changing climate or change of use.
Late Wenlock carbon isotope excursions and associated conodont fauna in the Podlasie Depression, eastern Poland: a not‐so‐big crisis?

The middle Silurian ‘big crisis’ refers to a graptolite extinction event and faunal turnover at the onset of a double‐peaked positive carbon isotope excursion. The crisis has been proposed to affect conodonts, giving rise to a sophisticated palaeoecological model of their stepwise extinction, known as the Mulde Event. However, the impact of the event on conodont faunas outside Gotland and the Silurian Baltic Basin remains unknown. Here, it is examined in the Widowo IG‐1 core (E Poland). The middle Silurian succession in this core represents foreshoal, shoal, and lagoonal settings on a tropical carbonate ramp on the shelf of the Eastern European Craton. Three positive δ13Ccarb excursions have been identified; the two upper excursions correlate with the Mulde isotope anomaly and with two global eustatic regressions. Conodont species proposed to be affected by the extinction event either were not observed or ranged through the extinction interval. Changes in their frequencies are best explained by the sequence stratigraphic architecture of the late Wenlock strata in the Widowo IG‐1 core. The little impact of the ‘big crisis’ may reflect facies homogeneity across the studied interval, supporting the hypothesis that the late Wenlock conodont turnover in epicontinental settings was primarily driven by eustatically controlled facies shifts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Doppler Ultrasound Localization of the Facial Transverse Artery Cutaneous Branch

GUIDELINES Viewpoints, pertaining to issues of general interest, are welcome, even if they are not related to items previously published. Viewpoints may present unique techniques, brief technology updates, technical notes, and so on. Viewpoints will be published on a space-available basis because they are typically less timesensitive than Letters and other types of articles. Please note the following criteria: • Text—maximum of 500 words (not including references) • References—maximum of five • Authors—no more than five • Figures/Tables—no more than two figures and/or one table Authors will be listed in the order in which they appear in the submission. Viewpoints should be submitted electronically via PRS’ enkwell, at www.editorialmanager. com/ prs/. We strongly encourage authors to submit figures in color. We reserve the right to edit Viewpoints to meet requirements of space and format. Any financial interests relevant to the content must be disclosed. Submission of a Viewpoint constitutes permission for the American Society of Plastic Surgeons and its licensees and assignees to publish it in the Journal and in any other form or medium. The views, opinions, and conclusions expressed in the Viewpoints represent the personal opinions of the individual writers and not those of the publisher, the Editorial Board, or the sponsors of the Journal. Any stated views, opinions, and conclusions do not reflect the policy of any of the sponsoring organizations or of the institutions with which the writer is affiliated, and the publisher, the Editorial Board, and the sponsoring organizations assume no responsibility for the content of such correspondence.
Efficacy and safety of trastuzumab as a single agent in first-line treatment of HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer.

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of first-line, single-agent trastuzumab in women with HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred fourteen women with HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer were randomized to receive first-line treatment with trastuzumab 4 mg/kg loading dose, followed by 2 mg/kg weekly, or a higher 8 mg/kg loading dose, followed by 4 mg/kg weekly. RESULTS The objective response rate was 26% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.2% to 34.4%), with seven complete and 23 partial responses. Response rates in 111 assessable patients with 3+ and 2+ HER2 overexpression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) were 35% (95% CI, 24.4% to 44.7%) and none (95% CI, 0% to 15.5%), respectively. The clinical benefit rates in assessable patients with 3+ and 2+ HER2 overexpression were 48% and 7%, respectively. The response rates in 108 assessable patients with and without HER2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis were 34% (95% CI, 23.9% to 45.7%) and 7% (95% CI, 0.8% to 22.8%), respectively. Seventeen (57%) of 30 patients with an objective response and 22 (51%) of 43 patients with clinical benefit had not experienced disease progression at follow-up at 12 months or later. The most common treatment-related adverse events were chills (25% of patients), asthenia (23%), fever (22%), pain (18%), and nausea (14%). Cardiac dysfunction occurred in two patients (2%); both had histories of cardiac disease and did not require additional intervention after discontinuation of trastuzumab. There was no clear evidence of a dose-response relationship for response, survival, or adverse events. CONCLUSION Single-agent trastuzumab is active and well tolerated as first-line treatment of women with metastatic breast cancer with HER2 3+ overexpression by IHC or gene amplification by FISH.
Addressing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: A content analysis of government social media platforms in England and Italy during 2020 – 2021

Objectives: This study investigates how England ’ s and Italy ’ s Public Health Governmental Departments addressed COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (VH) on social media platforms. Study design: A conventional content analysis of the social media accounts of Public Health England (PHE), currently the UK Health Security Agency, and the Italian Ministry of Health (IMH) were performed during December 1st, 2020 – April 30th
Roles of Gag and NCp7 in Facilitating tRNA 3Lys Annealing to Viral RNA in Human Immunodeﬁciency Virus Type 1 (cid:1)

In protease-negative human immunodeﬁciency virus type 1 (HIV-1) [Pr(–)], the amount of tRNA 3 Lys annealed by Gag is modestly reduced ( (cid:2) 25%) compared to that annealed by mature nucleocapsid (NCp7) in protease-positive HIV-1 [Pr( (cid:1) )]. However, the tRNA 3 Lys annealed by Gag also has a strongly reduced ability to initiate reverse transcription and binds less tightly to viral RNA. Both in vivo and in vitro, APOBEC3G (A3G) inhibits tRNA 3 Lys annealing facilitated by NCp7 but not annealing facilitated by Gag. While transient exposure of Pr(–) viral RNA to NCp7 in vitro returns the quality and quantity of tRNA 3 Lys annealing to Pr( (cid:1) ) levels, the presence of A3G both prevents this rescue and creates a further reduction in tRNA 3 Lys annealing. Since A3G inhibition of NCp7-facilitated tRNA 3 Lys annealing in vitro requires the presence of A3G during the annealing process, these results suggest that in Pr( (cid:1) ) viruses NCp7 can displace Gag-annealed tRNA 3 Lys and re-anneal it to viral RNA, the re-annealing step being subject to A3G inhibition. This supports the possibility that the initial annealing of tRNA 3 Lys in wild-type, Pr( (cid:1) ) virus may be by Gag and not by NCp7, perhaps offering the advantage of Gag’s preference for binding to RNA stem-loops in the 5 (cid:1) region of viral RNA near the tRNA 3 Lys annealing region. p6, A3G, reverse transcription (cid:1) 6-nt extension) linearly 1 pmol tRNA annealed 1 pmol synthetic HIV-1 30 to 60 pmol NCp7 (21). 30 pmol in the in vitro annealing system, which also determined in that study result in 47% occupancy of the PBS. the maximum inhibition of the initiation of reverse transcription at an A3G:NCp7 ratio of 1:30, so we used 1 pmol of A3G in the annealing reaction for our inhibition studies. 1 pmol of tRNA 3Lys was annealed to 1 pmol of synthetic HIV-1 RNA template by incubating these reagents at 37°C for 90 min with 30 pmol of NCp7 or Gag (cid:7) p6 in a 10- (cid:4) l reaction mixture containing (50 mM Tris-HCl [pH 7.2], 50 mM KCl, 5 mM MgCl 2 , 10 mM DTT) and 10 U of RNasin. To study the effect of A3G on these annealing reactions, 1 pmol of either puriﬁed A3G or control BSA, dissolved in 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 0.1 M NaCl, and 0.01% sarcosyl, added the annealing reactions at the start. After the annealing and in preparation for the tRNA 3Lys priming reaction ( (cid:1) 1- or (cid:1) 6-nt extension), tRNA 3Lys /viral RNA complex deproteinized the addition of 1 (cid:8) l of proteinase K mg/ml) incubated at for 30 min, followed by phenol- chloroform extraction to remove both proteinase K and digested residual proteins and ethanol precipitation of the viral RNA complex. To directly measure the amount of tRNA 3Lys annealed, we used an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. tRNA 3Lys was 3 (cid:3) end labeled with 32 pCp, as previ- ously described (6). After deproteinization of the annealed complex with proteinase K, the free tRNA 3Lys was resolved from primer complexed with viral RNA using 1D 6% native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE).
Spatiotemporal Tuning of Motor Cortical Neurons for Hand Position and Velocity

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , December 15, 2010; 30 (50): 17079-17090. J. Neurosci. Maryam Saleh, Kazutaka Takahashi, Yali Amit and Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos Encoding of Coordinated Grasp Trajectories in Primary Motor Cortex [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , December 15, 2010; 30 (50): 16777-16787. J. Neurosci. Aaron J. Suminski, Dennis C. Tkach, Andrew H. Fagg and Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos Interface Control Machine − Incorporating Feedback from Multiple Sensory Modalities Enhances Brain [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , January , 2011; 105 (1): 45-59. J Neurophysiol Wilsaan M. Joiner, Obafunso Ajayi, Gary C. Sing and Maurice A. Smith Anisotropic, Gain-Encoding Primitives for Motor Adaptation Linear Hypergeneralization of Learned Dynamics Across Movement Speeds Reveals [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , April , 2011; 105 (4): 1603-1619. J Neurophysiol Arjun K. Bansal, Carlos E. Vargas-Irwin, Wilson Truccolo and John P. Donoghue cortices three-dimensional reach and grasp kinematics in primary motor and ventral premotor Relationships among low-frequency local field potentials, spiking activity, and [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , November , 2011; 106 (5): 2232-2247. J Neurophysiol Angela L. Hewitt, Laurentiu S. Popa, Siavash Pasalar, Claudia M. Hendrix and Timothy J. Ebner across multiple tasks Representation of limb kinematics in Purkinje cell simple spike discharge is conserved
Ethnic-specific Sociodemographic Factors as Determinants of Cognitive Performance: Cross-sectional Analysis of the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR) Study Article

Introduction Despite cognitive impairment being a major health issue within the older population, limited information is available on factors associated with cognitive function among Asian ethnic groups. The objective of this study was to identify ethnic-specific sociodemographic risk factors which are associated with cognitive performance. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR) study involving community-dwelling individuals aged >55 years was conducted. Information on sociodemographic, medical history and lifestyle were obtained by computer-assisted interviews in participants’ homes. Cognitive performance was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool during subsequent hospital-based health checks. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were conducted with continuous MoCA scores as the dependent variable. Results Data was available for 1140 participants, mean(SD)=68.48(7.23) years, comprising 377(33.1%) ethnic Malays, 414(36.3%) Chinese, and 349(30.6%) Indians. Mean (SD) MoCA scores were 20.44(4.92), 23.97(4.03) and 22.04(4.83) for Malays, Chinese and Indians, respectively (p=0.01). Age >75 years, <12 years of education and low functional ability were common risk factors for low cognitive performance across all three ethnic groups. Cognitive performance was positively associated with social engagement among the ethnic Chinese (β(95% CI)= 0.06(0.01,0.1 1)) and Indians (β(95% CI)= 0.1 6(0.09,0.23)), a nd with lower depression scores (β(95% CI)= -0.08(-0.15,-0.01)) among the ethnic Indians. Conclusion Common factors associated with cognitive performance include age, education and functional ability, and ethnic-specific factors were social engagement and depression. Interethnic comparisons of risk factors may form the basis for identification of ethnic-specific modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and provision of culturally acceptable prevention measures.
Morphological, Electrophysiological, and Synaptic Properties of Corticocallosal Pyramidal Cells in the Neonatal Rat Neocortex

Neocortical pyramidal cells (PCs) project to various cortical and subcortical targets. In layer V, the population of thick tufted PCs (TTCs) projects to subcortical targets such as the tectum, brainstem, and spinal cord. Another population of layer V PCs projects via the corpus callosum to the contralateral neocortical hemisphere mediating information transfer between the hemispheres. This sub-population (corticocallosally projecting cells [CCPs]) has been previously described in terms of their morphological properties, but less is known about their electrophysiological properties, and their synaptic connectivity is unknown. We studied the morphological, electrophysiological, and synaptic properties of CCPs by retrograde labeling with fluorescent microbeads in P13-P16 Wistar rats. CCPs were characterized by shorter, untufted apical dendrites, which reached only up to layers II/III, confirming previous reports. Synaptic connections between CCPs were different from those observed between TTCs, both in probability of occurrence and dynamic properties. We found that the CCP network is about 4 times less interconnected than the TTC network and the probability of release is 24% smaller, resulting in a more linear synaptic transmission. The study shows that layer V pyramidal neurons projecting to different targets form subnetworks with specialized connectivity profiles, in addition to the specialized morphological and electrophysiological intrinsic properties.
Application of Support Vector Machines in Financial Time Series Forecasting

Because the financial time series are inherently noisy,non-stationary and deterministicaUy chaotic, it is difficult to describe this system by traditional methods.The authors presented a novel load forecasting method i.e.an improved Support Vector Machines(SVM). The object of this paper is to examine the feasibility of SVM in financial time series forecasting by comparing it with a back-propagation(BP)neural network.Analysis of the experiment results proves that it is advantageous to apply SVMs to forecast fmancial time series.
Improving the design and management of forest strips in human-dominated tropical landscapes : a field test on dung beetles in the Brazilian Amazon.

Summary 1. The future of tropical forest species depends in part on their ability to survive in human-modified landscapes. Forest strips present a priority area for biodiversity research because they are a common feature of many managed landscapes, are often afforded a high level of legal protection, and can provide a cost-effective and politically acceptable conservation strategy. 2. Despite the potential conservation benefits that could be provided by forest strips, ecologists currently lack sufficient evidence to inform policy and guide their design and management. 3. We used a quasi-experimental landscape in the Brazilian Amazon to test the importance of four management-relevant variables (forest type, isolation distance, forest structure, and large mammal activity) on the potential biodiversity conservation value of narrow forest strips for dung beetles. 4. Information-theoretic model selection based on AICc revealed strong support for the influence of large mammal activity and forest type on dung beetle abundance; isolation distance on species richness; and forest structure on the relative abundance of matrix-tolerant species. Multi-dimensional scaling showed a strong influence of forest type and isolation on community composition and structure, with riparian and dry-land strips having complementary sets of species. 5. Synthesis and applications. To enhance the conservation value and ecological integrity of forest strips in human-modified landscapes we recommend that strip design considers both isolation distance and whether or not the strips encompass perennial streams. In addition, we identify the maintenance of forest structure and the protection of large mammal populations as being crucially important for conserving forest dung beetle communities.
Self-evaluation as a moderating factor of strategy change in directed forgetting benefits

In the typical list method directed forgetting experiment, participants receive two lists of words to study for a later memory test. After studying the first list, some participants are instructed to forget the prior items, whereas other participants are told to keep remembering the prior items. Both groups then receive the second list, which is followed by an instruction to remember all studied items. Individuals instructed to forget the first list recall the second list better than people who are not given the forget instruction—a finding referred to as the benefits of directed forgetting (E. L. Bjork & R. A. Bjork, 1996; R. A. Bjork, 1970; Geiselman, R. A. Bjork, and Fishman, 1983; Liu, 2001; Reitman, Malin, R. A. Bjork, & Hingman, 1973). In addition, people’s ability to recall the tobe-forgotten items on the first list is impaired in comparison with the recall of those who are not given the forget instruction—a finding known as the costs of directed forgetting (Geiselman et al., 1983; Liu, 2001; Reitman et al., 1973). One interpretation of directed forgetting is based on retrieval inhibition (e.g., E. L. Bjork & R. A. Bjork, 1996; R. A. Bjork, 1989; Geiselman et al., 1983). According to that account, the instruction to forget initiates a process that blocks or inhibits access to List 1 items during recall, resulting in poorer retrieval (hence, the costs). The benefits of directed forgetting have been attributed to escape from proactive interference due to the reduced accessibility of the first list (E. L. Bjork & R. A. Bjork, 1996; R. A. Bjork, 1989; R. A. Bjork & Woodward, 1973). Recall of the second list by the forget group is comparable to recall in a condition that receives only a single list to study. Sahakyan and Kelley (2002) have proposed an alternative explanation for the costs and benefits of directed forgetting, based on participants’ retrospective reports. Their participants reported that, after hearing the forget instruction, they attempted to think of something completely different from the first list, which created a new mental context. The second list was thus subsequently encoded in the new mental context, and the final recall of both lists occurred in the new mental context. Thus, at recall the mental context mismatches the context present during encoding of the first list, producing the costs of directed forgetting. The benefits of directed forgetting follow from reduced proactive interference due to encoding the two lists in different contexts. In accord with the context change hypothesis, Sahakyan and Kelley demonstrated effects similar to those of directed forgetting when they simply induced a mental context change in a group instructed to remember both lists of words by requiring participants to think of some unrelated activity between the two study lists. This remember plus context change condition showed costs and benefits comparable