Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computational anatomy: an emerging discipline

This paper studies mathematical methods in the emerging new discipline of Computational Anatomy. Herein we formalize the Brown/Washington University model of anatomy following the global pattern theory introduced in [1, 2], in which anatomies are represented as deformable templates, collections of 0,1,2,3-dimensional manifolds. Typical structure is carried by the template with the variabilities accommodated via the application of random transformations to the background manifolds. The anatomical model is a quadruple (0,W, X,V), the background space f2 = \JaMa of 0,1,2,3-dimensional manifolds, the set of diffeomorphic transformations on the background space W : <-> O, the space of idealized medical imagery X, and V the family of probability measures on H. The group of diffeomorphic transformations H is chosen to be rich enough so that a large family of shapes may be generated with the topologies of the template maintained. For normal anatomy one deformable template is studied, with (f1,H,X) corresponding to a homogeneous space [3], in that it can be completely generated from one of its elements, X = Tiltemp-, hemp £ For disease, a family of templates Ua I"emp are introduced of perhaps varying dimensional transformation classes. The complete anatomy is a collection of homogeneous spaces Xtotai — UQ(^a> ~Ha )There are three principal components to computational anatomy studied herein. (1) Computation of large deformation maps: Given any two elements 1,1' £ X in the same homogeneous anatomy (fl,7i,X), compute diffeomorphisms h from one h anatomy to the other I1I'. This is the principal method by which anatomical Received May 5, 1998.
Research that Matters: An Interview with Barbara Townsend, April 25, 2009

On the warm, sunny morning of April 25, 2009, I interviewed Barbara Townsend in Columbia, Missouri. Sitting in her home a few blocks from the University of Missouri campus, Barbara shared thoughts about her career and how she came to study the community college. Not surprising because of her prolific record, Barbara noted the importance of publishing and building a research program that is generative, but also organic. Most of her scholarship had been planned and conducted deliberately, but some had arisen because of special opportunities. Both have been important to the field and personally rewarding to her. Signifying her outstanding contributions to higher education, Barbara was notified early in 2009 that she would be this year’s recipient of the prestigious Exemplary Research Award from the American Educational Research Association (AERA), Division J, recognizing the impact of her work on the field. The Community College Journal of Research and Practice (CCJRP) has been an important outlet for sharing Barbara’s work with scholars and practitioners throughout her career. Of the numerous articles she has published in CCJRP, a 1985 piece entitled ‘‘Faculty Preferences for Institutional Directions for the Community College’’ (Townsend, 1985) reported results of her quantitative doctoral dissertation. This article set into motion a long and important trajectory of publication that extended over more than two decades. Our
Identity and Language Functions: High School Chinese Immigrant Students' Code-Switching Dilemmas in ESL Classes

This study examines classroom code-switching in relation to individual and group identity and to functional use of two languages. It investigates how high school Chinese immigrant students perceive the use of first language (L1) and second language (L2) in class, and how they use these languages during group activities. The interview data demonstrate that the students in this study had multiple and contradictory feelings aboutL1andL2use. The observation data show that there were differences in the functions of these students' L1 and L2 discourse. These findings indicate that bilingual classroom code-switching involved dilemmas for the students. They appeared to be torn between identifying with compatriots in L1 and gaining membership in mainstream classes in L2, between maintaining L1 and developing L2, and between using L1 for academic discourse and developing academic discourse in L2. Identity and language functions seem two side-by-side components of the dilemmas. A complex vision that includes both may address code-switching dilemmas more adequately.
Sunk Costs, Fairness, and Disagreement

A compound of the formula WHEREIN R is selected from the group of hydrocarbon radicals having 4 to 20 carbon atoms consisting of (a) linear and branch-chain alkyls and alkenyls, and (b) monocyclic and polycyclic cycloalkyls and cycloalkenyls; and R' is H or alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, is prepared by reacting adamatane-1-acetic acid, or its alkyl derivatives, with a monohydric alcohol (ROH) in the presence of esterification catalyst. The compounds are useful as oiling agents for synthetic fibers and as synthetic lubricating oil bases.
Visual interaction in a group of introverts and extraverts

Ten introverts and 10 extraverts were selected from a student population on the bask of their responses to the E.P.I. The groups contained 5 men and 5 women and were matched for Neuroticism. Each subject took part in two 4-minute conversations, one with a male confederate, one with a female confederate. The same two confederates were used throughout the experiment, and no attempt was made to programme any aspect of their behaviour. Two trained observers, who sat behind a one way screen situated close to the speakers, recorded the visual and speech behaviour of both subject and confederate by means of a four-channel event-recorder. The recordings were made for the last 3 minutes of each interaction. Extraverts Looked more frequently than introverts, but there were no differences between the two groups in the proportions of time spent in Looking and eye-contact, or in the mean length of Looks. Extraverts also spoke more frequently than introverts, a finding which may complement that for the number of Looks. The findings could not be explained by the behaviour of the confederates, since they behaved consistently across the two groups of subjects. The experiment is discussed with particular reference to Mobbs (1968) and Kendon and Cook (1969). Comparisons of methodology are made.
Computationally efficient fixed-parameter digital control of power converters

This paper studies the effect of variable sampling frequency on the dynamic of the fixed-parameter digital compensator in switched-mode power supplies. Based on the resulting analysis, we propose a simple technique to design a computationally efficient adaptive predictive functional controller (PFC) which can be implemented in a low-cost micro-controller. While the approach should have general applicability to systems where the sampling/switching frequency is varied, in this paper we use the example of a flyback power converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The performance of the proposed controller is verified with both simulation and experimental results.
Print-it-Yourself (PIY) glove: A fully 3D printed soft robotic hand rehabilitative and assistive exoskeleton for stroke patients

This paper presents the design and preliminary investigation of a fully 3D printed soft robotic hand exoskeleton, Print-it-Yourself (PIY) Glove for stroke patients. The PIY Glove is fabricated with Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) using consumer based 3D printing technology to lower fabrication costs and allow patients to 3D print a rehabilitative and assistive device at home. PIY Glove uses a novel, fold based design of 3D printed soft actuators to achieve bending motion in the fingers. Fabrication guidelines of the PIY Glove are laid out and characterization of the glove in terms of its range of motion and grip force are also presented. An EMG control system that achieves control of the PIY Glove is also described. This work paves the way for the implementation of printable pneumatics in real-world applications, particularly robot-assisted hand therapy.
Career Strategies of Millennial Generation Female Assistant Coaches

The rate of collegiate female coaches is at an all-time low; but there has been limited research on what might help female coaches succeed. The millennial generation, who grew up with increased athletic opportunities provided by Title IX, is entering the profession, and they may have different views of coaching and athletics than previous generations. The purpose of this study was to investigate what factors influenced millennial generation, female assistant coaches’ aspirations to become head coaches and what strategies they believed would help them successfully navigate their careers. The authors interviewed 10 millennial generation, Division I female assistant coaches and found leadership as athletes, appropriate education, and coaching networks, particularly with female coaches, were common strategies for feeling confident in their careers. These findings may help athletic departments create tools, such as women’s only coaching clinics, to help encourage women to become and remain coaches and provide .
Public Deliberation and the Geographies of Wind Justice

The Obama Administration has consistently promised that green energy investments will jumpstart the economy and protect the environment. Just weeks after the President’s first inaugural address, the 2009 America Recovery and Reinvestment Act provided the Department of Energy (DoE) with $167 billion for new grants and loan guarantees for clean energy projects, dwarfing its overall annual budget of $27 billion. The wind energy industry, dominated by multinational giants such as General Electric and Duke Energy, greatly benefited from these new investments. These federal policies presumed broad public support for a new green energy economy. Yet, national opinion polls often mask strong local resistance to the siting of renewable energy projects. Energy policy scholars have referred to this phenomenon as the “social gap” in energy planning (Bell et al., 2005, p. 461). The local politics of renewable energy development are hardly unique to the USA. Across the industrialized world, from the UK to New Zealand, utility and community scale renewable energy projects are increasingly struggling to get their environmental permits because of local protests. Local opponents are challenging the transparency and accountability of government and corporate decision-making, which often takes place in faraway boardrooms disconnected from the people and landscapes that will be directly affected. In the USA, an important point of contention is whether renewable energy projects, particularly on federal lands, should bypass environmental impact assessments in service of Science as Culture, 2013 Vol. 22, No. 2, 247–255, http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/09505431.2013. 786997
BIAS-MINIMIZING FILTERS FOR MOTION ESTIMATION

Among the myriad of techniques used in estimating motion vector fields, perhaps the most popular and accurate methods are the so called gradient-based methods. A critical step in the gradient-based estimation process is the estimation of image gradients using derivative filters. It is well known that the gradientbased estimators contain significant deterministic bias relating the gradient calculation. In this paper, we describe the fundamental relationship between estimator bias and derivative filters. From this, we suggest an image adaptive method addressing the design of biasminimizing gradient filters. Simulations validate the superior performance of such filters for the many variants of gradient-based estimation including the widely used multiscale iterative methods.
Human parsing with a cascade of hierarchical poselet based pruners

We address the problem of human parsing using part-based models. In particular, we consider part-based models that exploit rich pairwise relationship between parts, e.g. the color symmetry between left/right limbs. This poses a computational challenge since the state space of each part is very large, and algorithmic tricks (e.g. the distance transform) cannot be applied to handle these types of pairwise relationships. We propose to prune the state space of each part using a cascade of pruners. These pruners can filter out 99.6% of the states per part to about 500 states per part, while keeping the ground-truth states in the pruned state most of the time. In the pruned space, we can afford to apply human parsing models with more complex pairwise relationships between parts, such as the color symmetry. We demonstrate our method on a challenging human parsing dataset.
Neuropsychological profiles of children with type 1 diabetes 6 years after disease onset.

OBJECTIVE To describe neuropsychological profiles and their relationship to metabolic control in children with type 1 diabetes 6 years after the onset of disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Children with type 1 diabetes (n = 90), aged 6-17 years, who had previously been assessed soon after diagnosis and 2 years later, were reevaluated 6 years after the onset of disease. Their neuropsychological profiles were compared with those of individuals in a community control group (n = 84), who had been assessed at similar intervals. Relationships between illness variables, such as age at the onset of disease and metabolic control history, and neuropsychological status were also examined. RESULTS Six years after onset of disease, children with type 1 diabetes performed more poorly than control subjects on measures of intelligence, attention, processing speed, long-term memory, and executive skills. Attention, processing speed, and executive skills were particularly affected in children with onset of disease before 4 years of age, whereas severe hypoglycemia was associated with lower verbal and full-scale intelligence quotient scores. CONCLUSIONS Neuropsychological profiles of children with type 1 diabetes 6 years after the onset of disease are consistent with subtle compromise of anterior and medial temporal brain regions. Severe hypoglycemia, particularly in very young children, is the most plausible explanation for neuropsychological deficits, but the contributory role of chronic hyperglycemia warrants further exploration.
Annotation models for crowdsourced ordinal data

In supervised learning when acquiring good quality labels i s hard, practitioners resort to getting the data labeled by multiple noisy annotat ors. Various methods have been proposed to estimate the consensus labels for bina ry a d categorical labels. A commonly used paradigm to annotate instances when the labels are inherently subjective is to use ordinal scales. In this pape r we propose annotator models based on Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC ) curve analysis to consolidate the ordinal annotations from multiple annotat ors. The models lead to simple Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithms that e s imate both the consensus labels and annotator performance jointly. Experime nts indicate that the proposed algorithm is superior to the commonly used majorit y vo ing rule.
Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) – its relevance to forensic adolescent services

Purpose – There needs to be an increased recognition of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in services that deal with young people with disruptive and offending behavior, not just those services that deal with adolescents with a recognized intellectual disability. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This is a general review of the current available evidence on FASD and how it is likely to predispose affected young people to have contact with secure mental health services and the criminal justice system. Findings – FASD is likely to have become a more common cause of intellectual disability and behavioral disturbance but the history of significant alcohol exposure in utero if often missed. There is evidence that the hyperactivity is less responsive to psychotropic medication and may represent a different condition to conventional ADHD. However the majority of those affected are in the low normal IQ range. Research limitations/implications – There is so far very limited.
The Relationship of Current Family Structures to Young Adults' Perceptions of Stepparents

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of young adults regarding stepparents and parents and to determine whether the family status (intact, single-parent, stepparent) and family satisfaction of the evaluating individuals influenced those perceptions. The 112 college student participants, 79 from intact families, 20 from single-parent families and 13 from stepparent families, rated four family positions on nine bipolar evaluative adjectives. Consistent with the findings of other studies, mothers were perceived more positively than stepmothers and fathers more positively than stepfathers. However, no differences were found between students' perceptions of stepfather and stepmother. Satisfaction influenced perceptions across all status groups and as expected, the satisfied intact family group rated stepmother more negatively than the other two status groups. Implications for future research are discussed.
Pais, Filhos e Deficiência: Estudos Sobre as Relações Familiares

This paper discusses studies on families and situations that may happen when a disabled child is born. It is based on the assertion that it is not possible to deny the importance of environmental aspects on development, and that families are fundamental for the child's development. In the case of the presence of a disabled child in the family, that will not necessarily cause disruption in the family life but that will depend on various factors, varying from parents' beliefs to the resources available to cope with the disability. It also shows that parents wish and deserve to be fairly treated by the professionals who attend their children.
Forming mechanisms and structures of a knowledge transfer network: theoretical and simulation research

– This paper aims to analyze the exchange and reciprocal mechanism behind individual knowledge transfer activities as well as their impact on the individual knowledge transfer networks. , – The author conducted theoretical and simulation research. Agent‐based technology is employed to construct an agent dynamics agent‐based model that simulates and explains how an individual initiates the evolution of a knowledge network through knowledge transfer activities. , – The results demonstrate that the two mechanisms can improve the knowledge levels of the network members; the exchange mechanism is more efficient as it can improve the values of both sides. Individual knowledge transfer networks evolve from random networks to small‐world networks. , – The research model must include more variables. Computer simulation research will be cross‐confirmed by other research methods in future studies. , – Individual knowledge transfer networks form and subsequently evolve as a result of social interaction. The research findings will contribute to the policy making for knowledge management in organizations. , – Little has been published about the dynamics of individual knowledge transfer networks. The author believes that the paper is the first to analyze the internal mechanisms behind individual knowledge transfer activities and test them with agent‐based technologies.
Recommendations for information security awareness training for college students

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to survey the status of information security awareness among college students in order to develop effective information security awareness training (ISAT). Design/methodology/approach – Based on a review of the literature and theoretical standpoints as well as the National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-50 report, the author developed a questionnaire to investigate the attitudes toward information security awareness of undergraduate and graduate students in a business college at a mid-sized university in New England. Based on that survey and the previous literature, suggestions for more effective ISAT are provided. Findings – College students understand the importance and the need for ISAT but many of them do not participate in it. However, security topics that are not commonly covered by any installed (or built-in) programs or web sites have a significant relationship with information security awareness. It seems that students learned .
The Production of Amyloid β Peptide Is a Critical Requirement for the Viability of Central Neurons

The amyloid β peptide (Aβ) is a product of the sequential γ- and β-secretase cleavage of amyloid precursor protein. Inhibitors of secretase enzymes have been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we investigate the effect of inhibiting these key enzymes on the viability of a range of cell types. Treatment of rat cortical neurons for 24 hr with secretase inhibitors or an antibody that binds Aβ resulted in a marked reduction in cell viability, as measured by MTT reduction. Incubation with secretase inhibitors caused similar effects on other neuronal cell types (rat cerebellar granule neurons and the human SH-SY5Y cell line). Interestingly, rat astrocytes and a number of non-neuronal cell lines investigated (HEK293, DDT1-FM2, and human teratorhabdoid tumor cells) were unaffected by incubation with secretase inhibitors. The coincubation of Aβ1–40 prevented the toxicity of secretase inhibitors in neuronal cells. Aβ1–40 was protective in a concentration-dependent manner, and its effects were significant at concentrations as low at 10 pm. Importantly, the protective effects of Aβ were Aβ size-form specific, with the Aβ1–42 size form affording limited protection and the Aβ25–35 size form having very little protective effect. The present study demonstrates that inhibition of β-or γ-secretase activity induces death in neuronal cells. Importantly, this toxicity, which our data suggest is a consequence of a decline in neuronal Aβ levels, was absent in non-neuronal cells. This study further supports a key physiological role for the enigmatic Aβ peptide.
International Journal of Biological Sciences

Insulin stimulates glucose transport in muscle and adipose cells by stimulating translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane. In a recent Cell Metabolism paper, Stenkula et al. found that insulin controls the spatial distribution of GLUT4 on the surface of isolated adipose cells through regulation of their post-fusion dispersal. The presence of GLUT4 in plasma membrane-associated clusters is suggestive of a new paradigm in membrane protein recycling.
La capacité de transformation comme composante du capital humain : une étude exploratoire dans un groupe coté

This article is based on an exploratory study undertaken in a major French company on the theme of designing a measuring instrument of the transformation capacity. The results of this study tend to show that those transformation capacity could constitute one of the key components of the human capital concept. Starting from the paradigms of the organizing organization and the evolving practices of strategic planning ("fabrique de la strategie" model), this article proposes a measurement matrix of the transformation capacity structured along four dimensions: Methods/ Resources; Practices; Actors competencies and skills; Results delivery orientation. The ﬁrst results of our survey shows that the human capital, deﬁned as the combination of people individual potential, employee motivation and commitment, can be mobilized in transformation process through a logic of collective training and learning organization. Finally the transformation capacity can be considered as a key component of the human capital and a means of measuring it in an operational way.