Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
User motion impact on performance of downlink mobile WiMAX system deployed via Stratospheric platform (SPF)

As the need for high speed connectivity in mobile environments increases, it becomes necessary to understand the impact of mobility on performance characteristics of wireless communication system. This paper presents an investigation of the mobility impact on performance of a WiMAX 802.16e downlink system deployed via Stratospheric platform for a ground user. It shows how user velocity and physical layer (PHY) setting can contribute to the performance. Simulation result shows performance degradation increases with mobile velocity increase as a result of increase distortion in the channel due to Doppler frequency spread. However after speed of 30 km/hr the system will keep same performance. Finally we found that WiMAX services, which require high level requirement, have an acceptable performance over SPF channel if the user exists at the centre of coverage whatever user's velocity is.
[Evaluation of different markers for the determination of microbial nitrogen flow into the duodenum of dairy cows].

2,6-Diaminopimelic acid (DAPA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), 15N, D-alanine (D-ALA) and the amino acid profiles (AAP) were compared as microbial markers for determination of the microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. Three dairy cows (Schwarzbuntes Milchrind, LW 602 kg), each fitted with a rumen cannula and a re-entrant cannula in the proximal duodenum, were offered four isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets (mean daily intake 15.0 +/- 0.45 kg DM; forage: concentrate = 50:50) in a periodic experiment. The diets contained soyabean extracted meal, meat and bone meal, pea meal and dried clover as major sources of protein. On the 4th day after administration of 9 g 15N-labelled urea (95 atom-% 15N-excess) per day, samples of rumen fluid and duodenal digesta were obtained 3 h after feeding. The bacteria were isolated by differential centrifugation. Bacteria harvested from the rumen had significantly higher 15N enrichment and D-ALA: N ratio than 'duodenal' bacteria. However, DAPA: N ratio was higher in 'duodenal' bacteria compared to rumen bacteria. There were no differences in RNA: N ratio between rumen and 'duodenal' bacteria. The source of the bacteria in the digestive tract has an influence on the ratio of microbial N: total N, especially when 15N, AAP, DAPA and D-ALA but not RNA were used as markers. The most reproducible method was D-ALA (C.V. 4.7 for rumen and 6.8 for 'duodenal' bacteria) followed by 15N (10.8 resp. 4.8) and RNA (9.7 resp. 8.2). The results obtained with 15N and D-ALA agreed closely at the same source of bacteria. The RNA method reached the level of these markers (15N, D-ALA) when the bacteria were isolated from the duodenum. It is concluded that D-ALA (bacteria isolated from rumen and duodenum) and also 15N (bacteria isolated from duodenum) were the best markers for estimation of the microbial protein synthesis.
PEROXISOMES AND HYDROGENOSOMES IN PROTOZOA

The peroxisome is a subcellular organelle, surrounded by a single membrane, which contains hydrogen peroxide producing direct oxidases and catalase (7). The significance of this enzyme association is not entirely clear but the presence of peroxisomes in a wide variety of eukaryotic organisms suggests that they play an important role or roles in the economy of the cell. In looking for clues for this functional significance and, in general, for elucidating the distribution of peroxisomes, the study of different protozoa offers some advantages. Protozoa represent members of the same systematic group (phylum) making comparative studies more meaningful. Members of the group show an extremely wide choice of habitats and many different modes of life, a variation hardly paralleled by any other group. In addition to this, several protozoan species can be cultured more or less easily in the laboratory, thus uniform cell populations can be obtained in quantities which are sufficient for biochemical and cell fractionation studies. No comprehensive survey of protozoan microbodies and peroxisomes can be given here. Such a review is in preparation now. In the following I wish only to summarize some of our own results obtained on a few protozoan species. My presentation will be entirely descriptive-biochemical in its approach with only occasional references to morphology. First I will mention species with typical peroxisomes and then I will dwell on a species which against all expectations turned out to lack peroxisomes. Our earlier studies were performed on aerobic free-living protozoa. These organisms have typical mitochondria as respiratory organelles. What we were able to show was that they contain also other oxidative particles which are by definition peroxisomes.
Abc of Psychology

Find loads of the abc of psychology book catalogues in this site as the choice of you visiting this page. You can also join to the website book library that will show you numerous books from any types. Literature, science, politics, and many more catalogues are presented to offer you the best book to find. The book that really makes you feels satisfied. Or that's the book that will save you from your job deadline.
How young people use the Internet for health information.

The Kaiser Family Foundation is an independent, national health philanthropy dedicated to providing information and analysis on health issues to policymakers, the media, and the general public. The Foundation is not associated with Kaiser Permanente or Kaiser Industries. The Kaiser Family Foundation is an independent, national health philanthropy dedicated to providing information and analysis on health issues to policymakers, the media, and the general public. The Foundation is not associated with Kaiser Permanente or Kaiser Industries. International Communications Research (ICR) is a full service custom research organization located in Media, PA. ICR is the market research group of AUS Consultants.
Scheduling multiple independent hard-real-time jobs on a heterogeneous multiprocessor

This paper proposes a scheduling strategy and an automatic scheduling flow that enable the simultaneous execution of multiple hard-real-time dataflow jobs. Each job has its own execution rate and starts and stops independently from other jobs, at instants unknown at compile-time, on a multiprocessor system-on-chip. We show how a combination of Time-Division Multiplex (TDM) and static-order scheduling can be modeled as additional nodes and edges on top of the dataflow representation of the job using Single-Rate Dataflow semantics to enable tight worst-case temporal analysis. We also propose algorithms to find combined TDM/static order schedules for jobs that guarantee a requested minimum throughput and maximum latency, while minimizing the usage of processing resources. We illustrate the usage of these techniques for a combination of Wireless LAN and TD-SCDMA radio jobs running on a prototype Software-Defined Radio platform.
Long and short of nerve conduction measures: reproducibility for sequential assessments

With steady improvement and standardisation of methods,1 nerve conduction studies have become a reliable means of testing peripheral nerve function. They supplement clinical observation by precisely localising the lesion and characterising the conduction abnormalities.2 Delineating the extent and distribution of the neural lesion by this means also helps to quantify the degree of involvement. Optimal results can be expected only with proper choice of techniques, which in turn depends on the type of lesions under consideration. Thus, the studies must be conducted as an extension of the clinical examination, rather than a laboratory test. To document sequential changes for clinical follow up in general and for drug trials in particular, conduction studies must yield high sensitivity and reproducibility. A question often posed, but rarely tested in regard to these criteria relates to the length of the nerve segment under study. Other factors being equal, should shorter or longer segments be studied for better results? In the evaluation of a focal lesion, studies of a longer segment tend to lower the sensitivity of the test because the inclusion of the unaffected segments in calculation dilutes the effect of slowing at the site of lesion. By contrast, studying a shorter segment helps to isolate a localised abnormality and provides better resolution of restricted lesions that may otherwise escape detection. For example, patients with carpal tunnel syndrome show a sharply localised latency increase, averaging 0.8 ms across a 1 cm segment. This, compared to a normal value ranging from 0.16 to 0.21 ms, clearly indicates a focal abnormality.3 An abrupt change in waveform of the recorded response provides an additional, and perhaps more convincing, finding that nearly always accompanies an increase in latency across the site of compression. In fact, waveform analysis often localises a focal lesion unequivocally even in …
Incidence of Nosocomial Infections in a Big University Affiliated Hospital in Shiraz, Iran: A Six-month Experience

Background: Nosocomial infections (NIs) are one of the most important health issues, particularly in developing countries, because these infections cause high mortality and morbidity, and economic and human resource loss as a consequence. To date, most surveillance studies have been conducted in developed countries, and only a few have been performed in Iran. All of the few Iranian studies have been performed using paper-based collection forms, and none was conducted with the aid of an electronic patient data retrieving and collecting tool. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of NIs in a big university hospital of Shiraz, with the help of specifically programmed surveillance software merging electronically the available patient data and the infection results input manually. Methods: The study was conducted prospectively through 6 months from 21st March up to 22nd September 2006, in a 374-bedded educational hospital. All patients admitted during this period were included in the study and examined everyday for detecting four types of NIs: surgical site infection (SSI), urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia (PNEU), and blood stream infection (BSI). Centres for Disease Control and Prevention National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system criteria were applied. Results: 4013 patients were admitted in the hospital. The overall infection rate was 4.14, and UTI, SSI, BSI, and PNEU rates were 1.82, 1.22, 0.5, and 0.5, respectively, per 1000 patient days of admission. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the frequency of NI in the investigated hospital was not higher than in many other reported surveillance results from other countries. This, however, might be a bias as the administration of antibiotics was very high in this study and the quality of microbiological investigation might have influenced significantly, resulting in more false-negative results than expected. Overall, the use of the Iranian National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System Software proved to be useful and allowed both rapid data collection and detailed data analysis.
Exploiting the 60 GHz band for local wireless multimedia access: prospects and future directions

This article addresses basic issues regarding the design and development of wireless access and wireless LAN systems that will operate in the 60 GHz band as part of the fourth-generation (4G) system. The 60 GHz band is of much interest since this is the band in which a massive amount of spectral space (5 GHz) has been allocated worldwide for dense wireless local communications. The article gives an overview of 60 GHz channel characteristics and puts them in their true perspective. In addition, we discuss how to achieve the exploitation of the abundant bandwidth resource for all kinds of short-range communications. The main tenor is that an overall system architecture should be worked out that provides industry with plenty of scope for product differentiation. This architecture should feature affordability, scalability, modularity, extendibility, and interoperability. In addition, user convenience and easy and efficient network deployment are important prerequisites for market success. This article discusses these features and indicates a number of key research topics.
Efficient Simulation and Likelihood Methods for Non-Neutral Multi-Allele Models

Throughout the 1980s, Simon Tavaré made numerous significant contributions to population genetics theory. As genetic data, in particular DNA sequence, became more readily available, a need to connect population-genetic models to data became the central issue. The seminal work of Griffiths and Tavaré (1994a , 1994b , 1994c) was among the first to develop a likelihood method to estimate the population-genetic parameters using full DNA sequences. Now, we are in the genomics era where methods need to scale-up to handle massive data sets, and Tavaré has led the way to new approaches. However, performing statistical inference under non-neutral models has proved elusive. In tribute to Simon Tavaré, we present an article in spirit of his work that provides a computationally tractable method for simulating and analyzing data under a class of non-neutral population-genetic models. Computational methods for approximating likelihood functions and generating samples under a class of allele-frequency based non-neutral parent-independent mutation models were proposed by Donnelly, Nordborg, and Joyce (DNJ) (Donnelly et al., 2001). DNJ (2001) simulated samples of allele frequencies from non-neutral models using neutral models as auxiliary distribution in a rejection algorithm. However, patterns of allele frequencies produced by neutral models are dissimilar to patterns of allele frequencies produced by non-neutral models, making the rejection method inefficient. For example, in some cases the methods in DNJ (2001) require 10(9) rejections before a sample from the non-neutral model is accepted. Our method simulates samples directly from the distribution of non-neutral models, making simulation methods a practical tool to study the behavior of the likelihood and to perform inference on the strength of selection.
Qubit metrology of ultralow phase noise using randomized benchmarking

A precise measurement of dephasing over a range of timescales is critical for improving quantum gates beyond the error correction threshold. We present a metrological tool, based on randomized benchmarking, capable of greatly increasing the precision of Ramsey and spin echo sequences by the repeated but incoherent addition of phase noise. We find our SQUID-based qubit is not limited by $1/f$ flux noise at short timescales, but instead observe a telegraph noise mechanism that is not amenable to study with standard measurement techniques.
B7-H4 Is Highly Expressed in Ductal and Lobular Breast Cancer

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the expression of B7-H4 protein, a member of the B7 family that is involved in the regulation of antigen-specific immune responses, in normal breast and in primary and metastatic breast carcinomas. Experimental Design: Archival formalin-fixed tissue blocks from breast cancers and normal somatic tissues were evaluated for B7-H4 expression by immunohistochemistry with manual and automated image analysis. The proportion of B7-H4-positive cells and the intensity of B7-H4 staining were compared with histologic type, grade, stage, hormone receptor status, and HER-2/neu status. Results: B7-H4 was detected in 165 of 173 (95.4%) primary breast cancers and in 240 of 246 (97.6%) metastatic breast cancers. B7-H4 staining intensity was greater in invasive ductal carcinomas [24.61 relative units (RU)] and in invasive lobular carcinomas (15.23 RU) than in normal breast epithelium (4.30 RU, P = 0.0003). Increased staining intensity was associated with negative progesterone receptor status (P = 0.014) and history of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.004), and the proportion of B7-H4-positive cells was associated with negative progesterone receptor (P = 0.001) and negative HER-2/neu (P = 0.024) status. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between the proportion of B7-H4-positive cells or staining intensity and grade, stage, or other clinicopathologic variables. Low levels of B7-H4 expression were also detected in epithelial cells of the female genital tract, lung, pancreas, and kidney, but B7-H4 was generally absent in most other normal somatic tissues. Conclusions: The nearly ubiquitous expression of B7-H4 in breast cancer, independent of tumor grade or stage, suggests a critical role for this protein in breast cancer biology.
Anorexia Nervosa in Adolescent Girls: A Culture-Bound Disorder of Western Society?

Drawing upon the present body of epidemiological and etiological research on anorexia nervosa (AN) this review paper investigates the role of modern Western society, and in particular the influence of the media, as a precursor to the underlying body image disturbances central to the current diagnostic definition of the disorder. Although cases of self-starvation have been documented throughout history, in contemporary psychiatry poor self-image (specifically body image disturbance) is conceptualized as a central feature of the pathology underlying the illness. In the lead up to the publication of the DSM-V an ongoing debate has emerged as to the true origins of anorexia nervosa, either as a uniquely modern culture-bound disease of Western society or as an historically continuous phenomenon spanning many centuries. From the former perspective, epidemiological studies indicate an ‘anorexia epidemic’ confined to young women in Western society, and the portrayal of the female body in the media presents as the popular culprit responsible for the alarming proportion of adolescent girls with body image concerns. From the latter viewpoint, however, epidemiological studies should be viewed with caution, and while the influence of the media in body image dissatisfaction has received some support, its role in the onset of AN remains tenuous, with many young women presenting with self-starvation in the absence of any obvious body image pathology. The current debate, although clearly unresolved, identifies areas for future research and challenges the present conceptualization of the illness, posing potential implications for its diagnosis and treatment.
Physico-chemical characterization of a natural agglutinin from the hemolymph of a millipede Thyropygus descriptus

Natural hemagglutinins with specific affinity for the glycocalyx of rabbit erythrocytes is identified in the hemolymph of the millipedes, Thyropygus descriptus, Xenobolus acuticonus, Arthrosphaera disticta and A. craspedota. Of the tested species, maximum hemagglutinability is observed in the hemolymph of the millipede Thyropygus descriptus. Further characterization of the hemolymph agglutinin of Thyropygus descriptus showed optimum agglutinability at pH 6.5 and temperatures 30 - 35 oC. Starvation up to 20 days had no influence on the hemagglutinability of the hemolymph. Agglutinability was impervious by change in diet, and inclusion of diverse concentrations of cations or chelators in the buffer. The agglutinin, though agglutinates rabbit, rat and human A erythrocytes, when pre-adsorbed with erythrocytes of a particular species, loses its ability to agglutinate erythrocytes of any species suggesting the presence of a single agglutinin in the hemolymph. In general, the agglutinating activity of the agglutinin is inhibited by the glycoproteins porcine stomach mucin, lactoferrin, bovine submaxillary mucin, transferrin, fetuin and the sugars N-acetyl galactosamine, Nacetyl lactosamine, lactose, galactose and N-acetyl neuraminic acid. The sialic acid specificity of the agglutinin is revealed by the reduction in hemagglutination activity when treated with the desialylated rabbit erythrocytes.
Performance analysis of IEEE 802.15.6 contention-based MAC protocol

IEEE 802.15. 6 facilitates communication in the vicinity of or even inside a human body to serve heterogeneous medical, consumer electronics, and entertainment applications. This standard operates in beacon and non-beacon communication modes, and each mode employs different protocols, including CSMA/CA, for resource allocation on the channel. The CSMA/CA protocol presented in IEEE 802.15. 6 allows quick and prioritized access to the channel by differentiating contention window bounds of nodes with different priorities. This paper provides a simple and accurate analytical model to estimate the throughput, energy consumption, and delay of this protocol for different priority classes, under the assumption of a finite number of nodes in saturated and lossy channel conditions. The accuracy of the proposed model is validated by simulations. The results obtained in this paper can be used to design standard priority parameters for medical and non-medical applications.
The response of bone, articular cartilage and tendon to exercise in the horse

Horses can gallop within hours of birth, and may begin training for athletic competition while still growing. This review cites studies on the effects of exercise on bone, tendon and articular cartilage, as detected by clinical and research imaging techniques, tissue biochemical analysis and microscopy of various kinds. For bone, alterations in bone mineral content, mineral density and the morphology of the mineralized tissue are the most common end‐points. Apparent bone density increases slightly after athletic training in the cortex, but substantially in the major load paths of the epiphyses and cuboidal bones, despite the lower material density of the new bone, which is deposited subperiosteally and on internal surfaces without prior osteoclastic resorption. With training of greater intensity, adaptive change is supervened by patho‐anatomical change in the form of microdamage and frank lesions. In tendon, collagen fibril diameter distribution changes significantly during growth, but not after early training. The exact amount and type of protracted training that does cause reduction in mass average diameter (an early sign of progressive microdamage) have not been defined. Training is associated with an increase in the cross‐sectional area of some tendons, possibly owing to slightly greater water content of non‐collagenous or newly synthesized matrix. Early training may be associated with greater thickness of hyaline but not calcified articular cartilage, at least in some sites. The age at which adaptation of cartilage to biomechanical influences can occur may thus extend beyond very early life. However, cartilage appears to be the most susceptible of the three tissues to pathological alteration. The effect of training exercise on the anatomical or patho‐anatomical features of connective tissue structures is affected by the timing, type and amount of natural or imposed exercise during growth and development which precedes the training.