Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The T-Box factor TBX3 is important in S-phase and is regulated by c-Myc and cyclin A-CDK2

The transcription factor, TBX3, is critical for the formation of, among other structures, the heart, limbs and mammary glands and haploinsufficiency of the human TBX3 gene result in ulnar-mammary syndrome which is characterized by hypoplasia of these structures. On the other hand, the overexpression of TBX3 is a feature of a wide range of cancers and it has been implicated in several aspects of the oncogenic process. This includes its ability to function as an immortalizing gene and to promote proliferation through actively repressing negative cell cycle regulators. Together this suggests that TBX3 levels may need to be tightly regulated during the cell cycle. Here we demonstrate that this is indeed the case and that TBX3 mRNA and protein levels peak at S-phase and that the TBX3 protein is predominantly localized to the nucleus of S-phase cells. The increased levels of TBX3 in S-phase are shown to occur transcriptionally through activation by c-Myc at E-box motifs located at −1210 and −701 bps and post-translationally by cyclin A-CDK2 phosphorylation. Importantly, when TBX3 is depleted by shRNA the cells accumulate in S-phase. These results suggest that TBX3 is required for cells to transit through S-phase and that this function may be linked to its role as a pro-proliferative factor.
Improved Collaborative Filtering Recommendation via Non-Commonly-Rated Items

Collaborative filtering (CF) in recommendation systems has made great success in making automatic score predictions by using users' ratings on commonly-rated items. However, due to data sparsity and cold starting, in real systems, common-rated items among users are often not sufficient for accurate recommendations when using CF. Besides, the implicit relationships between users contained in huge amount of non-commonly-rated items are rarely utilized. In this paper, a new CF recommendation taking users' implicit relationships hidden in users' ratings on non-commonly rated items into consideration is proposed. In this method, we provide an algorithm to infer users' preferences for their non-commonly rated items and then based on these preferences. We obtain users' similarities on their non-commonly rated items. With a dynamic adjusting weight adapted to non-commonly rated items' proportion in two users' all rated items, we combine the similarities with traditional similarities based on co-rated items. Experiments are conducted on the MovieLens dataset for comparing the proposed approach with the traditional user-based collaborative filtering algorithm. The results show that our approach improves the recommendation accuracy.
Identification of four murine cDNAs encoding putative protein kinases from primitive embryonic stem cells differentiated in vitro.

Protein kinases transduce signals from extracellular ligands in the hematopoietic and other systems through direct phosphorylation of tyrosine, serine, or threonine residues. Little is known about the ligands and receptors that are important in the earliest stages of development--i.e., stem cell self-renewal and lineage commitment. We have made use of the lineage differentiation potential of the murine embryonic stem cell system to clone partial cDNAs encoding four putative protein kinases. Three of the four genes contain the highly conserved residues Asp-Phe-Gly in domain VII of the protein kinase family. These genes are candidates for receptors or downstream effectors of cytokines that regulate self-renewal and lineage commitment in embryogenesis.
Dento‐alveolar measurements and histomorphometric parameters of maxillary and mandibular first molars, using micro‐CT

BACKGROUND Micro-CT is a high-resolution, non-invasive, and non-destructive imaging technique, currently acknowledged as a gold standard modality for assessing quantitatively and objectively dental morphology and bone microarchitecture parameters. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to analyze critical dental and periodontal measurements characterizing the mandibular (MandFM) and maxillary (MaxFM) first molar architecture, as well as the corresponding bony socket, using micro-CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-eight human dried skulls (22-76 years) were scanned to enable the virtual analysis of 61 first molars. Depending on the type of measurement, the parameters were recorded on two-dimensional sections or directly on three-dimensional models. Tooth morphology was described by four aspects (e.g., tooth width, trunk length, root length, and root span), while the socket architecture was assessed by buccal plate thicknesses and bone density measurements. RESULTS Minimum, maximum, and mean distances as well as cortical and trabecular bone densities were recorded in MandFM and MaxFM. It is noteworthy that the buccal plate thickness was found to be less than 1 mm in more than 55% of cases in MaxFM, whereas only in 20.8% of cases in MandFM (and even 0% at two sites). A wide range of bone densities was observed and the comparison between MandFM and MaxFM did not show a significant difference. Furthermore, cortical densities were negatively correlated with aging, while trabecular densities were not influenced. CONCLUSIONS Using micro-CT, three-dimensional aspects of the human first molar morphology and microstructural parameters of the surrounding bone were evaluated in the mandible and in the maxilla. These comprehensive measurements and their correlation with aging may be of great importance for the use of immediate implant placement in molar extraction sockets and thus the potential long-term success of this treatment modality.
Body signals during social play in free‐ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta): A systematic analysis

Social play involves one of the most sophisticated types of communication, that is, the use of play signals. Most primate research on play signals has focused on the use of the play face. However, some species appear to exhibit a variety of play signals. For example, rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) have been reported to use body movements or postures that might have signal value during social play, in addition to the play face. However, it is not clear whether these body signals actually meet several criteria necessary to label them as “play signals. ” Here we examine the forms and possible functions of seven candidate signals that we observed exclusively during social play contexts among free‐ranging rhesus monkeys on Cayo Santiago. We aim to (1) distinguish them from actual play behavior (play involving contact or chasing) using loglinear analysis and (2) determine whether they predict playful behavior using modified PC‐MC methods. Two candidate signals did not resemble any behaviors used in actual play. The other five signals contained elements that lasted longer or increased their conspicuousness over similar play behaviors, suggesting ritualized characteristics. Youngsters were likely to initiate contact or chasing play significantly sooner after candidate signals than in their absence. Thus, these candidate signals appear to meet critical criteria of signals that promote, moderate or facilitate play. As such, these findings open the door to questions about why multiple play signals have evolved. Am. J. Primatol. 76:168–179, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Circuit design and simulation of a transmit beamforming ASIC for high-frequency ultrasonic imaging systems

This paper describes the design of a programmable transmit beamformer application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) with 8 channels for ultrasound imaging systems. The system uses a 20-MHz reference clock. A digital delay-locked loop (DLL) was designed with 50 variable delay elements, each of which provides a clock with different phase from a single reference. Two phase detectors compare the phase difference of the reference clock with the feedback clock, adjusting the delay of the delay elements to bring the feedback clock signal in phase with the reference clock signal. Two independent control voltages for the delay elements ensure that the mark space ratio of the pulses remain at 50%. By combining a 10- bit asynchronous counter with the delays from the DLL, each channel can be programmed to give a maximum time delay of 51 μs with 1 ns resolution. It can also give bursts of up to 64 pulses. Finally, for a single pulse, it can adjust the pulse width between 9 ns and 100 ns by controlling the current flowing through a capacitor in a one-shot circuit, for use with 40-MHz and 5-MHz transducers, respectively.
Characteristics of out-of-hospital shock care*

Objective:Regionalization of care is a potential strategy for the management of shock. There are no data describing the regional distribution of patients with out-of-hospital shock. We sought to describe the incidence, demographic, clinical, and regional characteristics of patients with traumatic and nontraumatic medical shock treated by out-of-hospital emergency medical services. Design:Descriptive study using Pennsylvania statewide emergency medical services patient care data. Setting:Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 2006–2008. Patients:Adult (age ≥18 yrs) noncardiac arrest patients with shock, defined as initial systolic blood pressure ≤80 mm Hg. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:We compared patient characteristics, demographics, emergency medical services treatment, and regional differences between traumatic and nontraumatic medical shock. Of 3,327,306 adult nonarrest patients, 42,941 (1.29%; 95% confidence interval, 1.28% to 1.30%) had shock in the field, including 39,424 with medical shock and 3,517 with traumatic shock. Patients with medical shock were more likely to be older, female, and treated by rural emergency medical services agencies and experienced longer transport times. County-level annual shock rates varied for medical (median, 99; interquartile range, 44–273; range, 5–1634) and traumatic (median, seven; interquartile range, 3–18; range, 0–300) cases. Per-capita shock rates varied for medical (median, 105 per 100,000 population; interquartile range, 83–128; range, 37–263) and traumatic (median, seven per 100,000 population; interquartile range, 5–10; range, 0–39) cases. The correlation between county-level total annual medical and traumatic shock rates was strong (&rgr; = .80). Conclusions:While sharing similar regional distributions, key differences exist between emergency medical services patients with traumatic and nontraumatic shock. These differences identify opportunities for and barriers to regionalizing emergency medical services care of patients with shock.
Pathophysiology of cerebellar ataxia

Human and animal experiments performed recently have resulted in a more detailed understanding of limb movement and body posture disorders associated with cerebellar dysfunction. The delay in movement initiation can be explained by a delay in onset of phasic motor cortex neural discharge owing to decreased input from the cerebellar hemispheres. Disorders of movement termination (dysmetria), which can occur for movements at proximal and distal joints, result from disturbances of the timing and intensity of antagonist electromyographic (EMG) activity necessary to break the movement. Disorders in velocity and acceleration of limb movements result from muscular activity that is smaller in amplitude and more prolonged. The cerebellum is important for control of constant force but not for generation of maximal force. Dysdiadochokinesia is explained by a combination of the abovementioned mechanisms. During complex movements in three‐dimensional space, the cerebellum contributes to timing between single components of a movement, scales the size of muscular action, and coordinates the sequence of agonists and antagonists. The basic structure of motor programs is not generated in the cerebellum. Hypotonia can be observed only in acute cerebellar lesions. Cerebellar tremor appears to result from a central mechanism, but is modulated or provoked through increased long‐loop EMG responses. The common assumption that cerebellar ataxia of stance does not improve with visual feedback is true only of vestibulocerebellar lesions, not for ataxia resulting from atrophy of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum.
Daily Dialysis: The Long and the Short of It

There is considerable enthusiasm for daily hemodialysis despite the increased time commitment required of patients because of reported improvements in patient well-being, appetite and blood pressure control. To date, this therapy has been largely empirical and has been defined primarily by treatment time (t) and categorized as short daily hemodialysis (SDHD) with t about 2 h and long nocturnal hemodialysis (LNHD) with t 8–9 h. It is the authors’ view that studies comparing clinical outcome with SDHD and LNHD to conventional hemodialysis (CHD) must have dialysis dosage well defined if they are to provide generalizable results. There is a broad range and overlap in the magnitude of solute removal in reported studies of SDHD, LNHD and CHD, which is illustrated here through kinetic consideration of four solutes: (1) urea; (2) inorganic phosphorus (iP); (3) β2-microglobulin (β2M) and (4) Na/water. The following observations can be made: (1) Patient subjective reports of increased appetite and protein intake may correlate poorly with kinetic calculation of protein catabolic rate. (2) A model of iP mass balance was developed and indicates that iP removal with CHD is inadequate; current SDHD is also inadequate to highly excessive depending on the dose of dialysis. (3) β2M removal with SDHD is virtually the same as reported for LNHD, reflecting major differences in dialyzer membranes used. (4) The decrease in predialysis overhydration is a predictable function of the number of dialyses per week and may be one of the most important benefits of more frequent dialysis. (5) The standard Kt/V (stdKt/V) provides a uniform method of dose calculation but the therapy prescription should also include consideration of the other solutes evaluated above.
Spot Sign in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Introduction: Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Current treatment paradigms focus on correcting hypertension and coagulopathy to prevent hematoma expansion. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is becoming more common in the hyperactive phase of ICH management. The finding of contrast extravasation (ie, spot sign) on MRI may be a marker of active bleeding. We present a case of MRI spot sign and review of the literature. Case Report: We present a patient on oral coumadin for history of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolus who presented with a right basal ganglia hemorrhage. She had a computed tomography angiography showing contrast extravasation and also had a hyperacute MRI showing similar contrast extravasation. Follow-up imaging showed hematoma enlargement. Discussion: We present here a case of corroboration of the computed tomography angiography spot sign with the MRI spot sign. The prognostic value of the MRI spot sign is unclear. Future studies should evaluate the prognostic value of the hyperacute MRI in ICH management.
Transformation of Heath-Jarrow-Morton Models to Markovian Systems

A class of volatility functions for the forward rate process is considered, which allows the bond price dynamics in the Heath-Jarrow-Morton (HJM) framework to be reduced to a finite dimensional Markovian system. The use of this Markovian system in estimation of parameters of the volatility function via use of the Kalman filter is discussed. Further, the Markovian system allows the link to be drawn between the HJM and the Vasicek/Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) frameworks for modelling the term structure of interest rates.
OpenVDAP: An Open Vehicular Data Analytics Platform for CAVs

In this paper, we envision the future connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) as a sophisticated computer on wheels, with substantial on-board sensors as data sources and a variety of services running on top to support autonomous driving or other functions. In general, these services are computationally expensive, especially for the machine learning based applications (e.g., CNN-based object detection). Nevertheless, the on-board computation unit possess limited compute resources, raising a huge challenge to deploy these computation-intensive services on the vehicle. On the contrary, the cloud-based architecture conceptually with unconstrained resources suffers from unexpected extended latency that attributes to the large-scale Internet data transmission; thus, adversely affecting the services' real-time performance, quality of services and user experiences. To address this dilemma, inspired by the promising edge computing paradigm, we propose to build an Open Vehicular Data Analytics Platform (OpenVDAP) for CAVs, which is a full-stack edge based platform including an on-board computing/communication unit, an isolation-supported and security & privacy-preserved vehicle operation system, an edge-aware application library, as well as an optimal workload of? oading and scheduling strategy, allowing CAVs to dynamically detect each service's status, computation overhead and the optimal of? oading destination so that each service could be finished within an acceptable latency and limited bandwidth consumption. Most importantly, contrast to the proprietary platform, OpenVDAP is an open-source platform that offers free APIs and real-? eld vehicle data to the researchers and developers in the community, allowing them to deploy and evaluate applications on the real environment.
Impact Evaluation of a National, Community-Based Program for At-Risk Children in Canada

The Community Action Program for Children (CAPC) is a core component of the Government of Canada's Child Development Initiative announced in 1992. CAPC funds community agencies across Canada to develop early intervention initiatives to promote the health and development of young children at developmental risk. Results from the national evaluation study, presented in this report, suggest that health benefits accruing over a two-year period to family members participating in CAPC were not different from changes observed in control families participating in a national longitudinal study. The findings raise important issues about federal policies and spending priorities for addressing child health needs in the general population.
Salient Region Detection via Discriminative Dictionary Learning and Joint Bayesian Inference

In past decades, saliency detection has received increasing attention from computer vision communities, for its potential usage in many vision-related tasks. However, finding representative and discriminative features to accurately locate salient regions from complex scenes remains a challenging problem. Recent research on primary visual cortex (V1) shows that vision neurons are sparsely connected to form a compact representation of natural scenes and different visual stimuli are processed separately according to their semantic importance. Inspired by the above characteristics of visual perception, in this paper we advance a novel saliency detection method via representative and discriminative dictionary learning. An assumption that salient and nonsalient information are sparsely coded under two separate dictionaries is cast on the problem and we propose to learn a compact background dictionary from the image itself for saliency estimation. Different from previous methods, our saliency cues are obtained via active learning strategies rather than artificially designed rules, and thus is more adaptive. Followed by this, a probabilistic inference model is deduced to fully excavate multisource information about the scenes for high-quality saliency map generation. This joint inference scheme takes both spatial and color space information into consideration and is proved to be quite effective in practice. Finally, to investigate the performance of the proposed model, some experiments are conducted on two benchmark data sets along with other 20 state-of-the-art saliency detection approaches. The experimental results show that our method outperforms its counterparts and can correctly detect salient regions, even when other methods fail. Besides, the usability of the proposed method in real application-based cases is verified by applying it to content-based image resizing and promising results are obtained.
Approximating (k, 𝓁)-center clustering for curves

The Euclidean k-Center problem is a classical problem that has been extensively studied in computer science. Given a set G of n points in Euclidean space, the problem is to determine a set C of k centers (not necessarily part of G) such that the maximum distance between a point in G and its nearest neighbor in C is minimized. In this paper we study the corresponding (k, l)-CENTER problem for polygonal curves under the Frechet distance, that is, given a set G of n polygonal curves in ℝd, each of complexity m, determine a set C of k polygonal curves in ℝd, each of complexity l, such that the maximum Frechet distance of a curve in G to its closest curve in C is minimized. In their 2016 paper, Driemel, Krivosija, and Sohler give a near-linear time (1 + e-approximation algorithm for one-dimensional curves, assuming that k and l are constants. In this paper, we substantially extend and improve the known approximation bounds for curves in dimension 2 and higher. Our analysis thus extends to application-relevant input data such as GPS-trajectories and protein backbones. We show that, if l is part of the input, then there is no polynomial-time approximation scheme unless P = NP. Our constructions yield different bounds for one and two-dimensional curves and the discrete and continuous Frechet distance. In the case of the discrete Frechet distance on two-dimensional curves, we show hardness of approximation within a factor close to 2.598. This result also holds when k = 1, and the NP-hardness extends to the case that l = ∞, i.e., for the problem of computing the minimum-enclosing ball under the Frechet distance. Finally, we observe that a careful adaptation of Gonzalez’ algorithm in combination with a curve simplification yields a 3-approximation in any dimension, provided that an optimal simplification can be computed exactly. We conclude that our approximation bounds are close to being tight. Read More: https://epubs.siam. org/doi/10.1137/1.9781611975482. 181