Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The need for (em)powerful teaching

Each year, the University of the Pacific, where I teach, participates in the Cooperative Institutional Research Program Freshman Survey. One item on the survey asks students to identify their "reasons for going to college": nine reasons are listed, students rank "all that apply," and the results reflect the percentages identifying each reason as "very important. " In 2005, the year we created our current freshman seminar sequence, our students' top three reasons for going to college were "to get a better job" (78 percent), "to get training for a specific career" (75 percent), and "to be able to make more money" (70 percent). Fifth on the list was "to gain a general education and appreciation of ideas" (61 percent); seventh was "to become a more cultured person" (42 percent). Contrast this with the four clusters of essential learning outcomes identified by the Association of American Colleges and Universities (2008): knowledge of human cultures and the physical and natural world, intellectual and practical skills, personal and social responsibility, and integrative and applied learning. How do we, as college educators, reconcile these seemingly different goals? On the one hand, we might appeal to a business model and simply give the "customers"-our students-what they say they want. But on the other hand, most professors realize that we have an obligation to augment our students' goals and to tell them what their careerist emphasis lacks. And tell we do, often through freshman seminars. Indeed, the University of the Pacific has an excellent required, first-semester freshman seminar that confronts students with the question, what is a good society? Students are instantly transported into the world of liberal education while honing their critical-thinking skills through interdisciplinary reading, discussion, and writing. And for most students, the seminar successfully creates an abstract intellectual challenge; for only a few, however, is it transformative. I suggest that we need to do more than tell students how to expand upon their careerist reasons for going to college; we also need to help them feel the value of that expansion. I recognize that this is part of the motivation for proposed structural changes to undergraduate education, such as integrated learning models, but those structural solutions must also support carefully constructed content that fosters both emotional engagement and intellectual development. In my experience, positive feelings-curiosity, empathy, security-are the keys that unlock the intellect for many students. Discussions of strategies for increasing access to higher …
A secretory cell type develops alongside multiciliated cells, ionocytes and goblet cells, and provides a protective, anti-infective function in the frog embryonic mucociliary epidermis

The larval epidermis of Xenopus is a bilayered epithelium, which is an excellent model system for the study of the development and function of mucosal and mucociliary epithelia. Goblet cells develop in the outer layer while multiciliated cells and ionocytes sequentially intercalate from the inner to the outer layer. Here, we identify and characterise a fourth cell type, the small secretory cell (SSC). We show that the development of these cells is controlled by the transcription factor Foxa1 and that they intercalate into the outer layer of the epidermis relatively late, at the same time as embryonic hatching. Ultrastructural and molecular characterisation shows that these cells have an abundance of large apical secretory vesicles, which contain highly glycosylated material, positive for binding of the lectin, peanut agglutinin, and an antibody to the carbohydrate epitope, HNK-1. By specifically depleting SSCs, we show that these cells are crucial for protecting the embryo against bacterial infection. Mass spectrometry studies show that SSCs secrete a glycoprotein similar to Otogelin, which may form the structural component of a mucus-like protective layer, over the surface of the embryo, and several potential antimicrobial substances. Our study completes the characterisation of all the epidermal cell types in the early tadpole epidermis and reinforces the suitability of this system for the in vivo study of complex epithelia, including investigation of innate immune defences.
A Novel Pharmacologic Inhibitor of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Limits Myocardial Injury After Ischemia–Reperfusion in the Mouse

Background: The formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the heart during acute myocardial infarction amplifies the inflammatory response and mediates further damage. Glyburide has NLRP3 inhibitory activity in vitro but requires very high doses in vivo, associated with hypoglycemia. The aim of this study was to measure the effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome of 16673-34-0, an intermediate substrate free of the cyclohexylurea moiety, involved in insulin release. Methods and Results: We synthesized 16673-34-0 (5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-[2-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)ethyl]benzamide) that displayed no effect on glucose metabolism. HL-1 cardiomyocytes were treated with lipopolysaccharide and ATP to induce the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, measured as increased caspase-1 activity and cell death, and 16673-34-0 prevented such effects. 16673-34-0 was well tolerated with no effects on the glucose levels in vivo. Treatment with 16673-34-0 in a model of acute myocardial infarction because of ischemia and reperfusion significantly inhibited the activity of inflammasome (caspase-1) in the heart by 90% (P < 0.01) and reduced infarct size, measured at pathology (by >40%, P < 0.01) and with troponin I levels (by >70%, P < 0.01). Conclusions: The small molecule 16673-34-0, an intermediate substrate in the glyburide synthesis free of the cyclohexylurea moiety, inhibits the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiomyocytes and limits the infarct size after myocardial ischemia–reperfusion in the mouse, without affecting glucose metabolism.
Robust Self-Localization in Industrial Environments based on 3D Ceiling Structures

This paper introduces a new perceptual model for Monte Carlo localization (MCL). In our approach a 3D laser scanner is used to observe the ceiling. The MCL matches ceiling structures like beams, columns, air condition and lightning installation against a world model containing line and point features. Thus the localization is not effected by clutter or any kind of dynamic obstacles on the ground level. Different experiments show that our system can be used to localize robustly in factory buildings and halls. Experimental results include a 5 day run of an autonomous fork lift truck on a logistics fair in Hannover
The impact of maternal depression during pregnancy on perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE Depression often remains undertreated during pregnancy and there is growing evidence that untoward perinatal outcomes can result. Our systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether maternal depression during pregnancy is associated with adverse perinatal and infant outcomes. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched from their start dates to June 2010. Keywords utilized included depressive/mood disorder, postpartum/postnatal, pregnancy/pregnancy trimesters, prenatal or antenatal, infant/neonatal outcomes, premature delivery, gestational age, birth weight, NICU, preeclampsia, breastfeeding, and Apgar. STUDY SELECTION English language studies reporting on perinatal or child outcomes associated with maternal depression were included, 3,074 abstracts were reviewed, 735 articles retrieved, and 30 studies included. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed article quality. All studies were included in the primary analyses, and between-group differences for subanalyses are also reported. RESULTS Thirty studies were eligible for inclusion. Premature delivery and decrease in breastfeeding initiation were significantly associated with maternal depression (odds ratio [OR] = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.81; P = .024; and OR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.76; P < .0001, respectively). While birth weight (mean difference = -19.53 g; 95% CI, -64.27 to 25.20; P = .392), low birth weight (OR = 1.21; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.60; P = .195), neonatal intensive care unit admissions (OR = 1.43; 95% CI, 0.83 to 2.47; P = .195), and preeclampsia (OR = 1.35; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.92; P = .089) did not show significant associations in the main analyses, some subanalyses were significant. Gestational age (mean difference = -0.19 weeks; 95% CI, -0.53 to 0.14; P = .262) and Apgar scores at 1 (mean difference = -0.05; 95% CI, -0.28 to 0.17; P = .638) and 5 minutes (mean difference = 0.01; 95% CI, -0.08 to 0.11; P = .782) did not demonstrate any significant associations with depression. For premature delivery, a convenience sample study design was associated with higher ORs (OR = 2.43; 95% CI, 1.47 to 4.01; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Maternal depression during pregnancy is associated with increased odds for premature delivery and decreased breastfeeding initiation; however, the effects are modest. More research of higher methodological quality is needed.
Immune-related adverse events associated with PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors for nonsmall cell lung cancer

Introduction: Nonsmall cell lung cancer accounts for approximately 80% of all lung cancers, and approximately 75% of cases are diagnosed in the middle and late stages of disease. Unfortunately, limited treatment does not improve the prognosis of advanced disease. Monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) represent a new treatment paradigm for nonsmall cell lung cancer. Nevertheless, the immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are unique, and early recognition and treatment of these events are essential. Methods and Analysis: A systematic literature search will be performed using the EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases to identify relevant articles published in any language. Randomized clinical trials, case series, and case reports of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer will be included. All meta-analyses will be performed using RevMan software. The quality of the studies will be evaluated using the guidelines listed in the Cochrane Handbook. If the necessary data are available, then subgroup analyses will be performed for high-, median-, and low-dose cohorts. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statements will be followed until the findings of the systematic review and meta-analysis are reported. Conclusions: This will be the first systematic review and meta-analysis to describe previously reported irAEs related to PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer.
Kinematic design optimization of anthropomorphic robot hand using a new performance index

This paper presents a new performance index, called “Interactivity of Fingers (IF)”, for anthropomorphic robot hand and kinematic design optimization process using this performance index and genetic algorithm. This performance index can quantify robot hands' kinematic structures and used for optimizing the kinematic model of an robot hand collaborating with Genetic algorithm. With this procedure position and orientation of the thumb's saddle joint are systematically determined. To evaluate proposed index, optimized hand model's and existing hands' IFs are calculated, compared and discussed.
It's a Child's Game: Investigating Cognitive Development with Playing Robots

To study and simulate cognitive development, it is useful to find a natural domain where many cognitive functions are needed and, but where the complexity of the environment and task is reasonable. We suggest that childrens games constitute a suitable domain. The ability to play is a very fundamental part of children's daily life and it is crucial for the future development of our behaviors in Bekoff and Byers (1998). In the individual domain, the coordination of the body is an important feature of play. When a child plays, it refines its motor and sensory skills and develops more advanced movement patterns e.g. in running or cycling. When playing among other individuals, cognitive functions for social interactions and coordination and emotional control are also used. Trafton et al. (2003) programmed a robot to model a 3-4 year old child playing hide and seek. The robot moves around in their laboratory and tries to hide behind different objects and learn which hiding places what are good ones. Games like hide and seek, tag and other popular children's games were used. By bringing the best developmental and learning models together, hopes to find out more about the mechanisms of cognitive development
Dispelling the myth—does hysterectomy cause pelvic organ dysfunction?

The belief that the uterus has a profound influence on a women’s physical, emotional and psychological health has persisted in varying forms over centuries. The early Egyptians, as indicated in the Kahan Papyrus and later in the Ebers Papyrus, suggested that the uterus was an independent creature capable of wandering at will throughout the body causing all kinds of ailments. While we have ceased to believe in ‘wandering wombs’, the popular belief that hysterectomy affects pelvic organ function persists. Some believe that this can be minimised by retaining the cervix. This is highlighted in two surveys of gynaecologists’ attitudes towards hysterectomy. In the UK study it was noted that compared with subtotal twice as many believed that total hysterectomy affected bladder, bowel and sexual function. In the North American study most respondents felt that neither procedure offered any benefit with respect to pelvic organ function, but 35% felt that subtotal hysterectomy offered some protection against development of prolapse. The dissection associated with hysterectomy disrupts the anatomical relationships and local nerve supply. It would therefore seem logical to hypothesise that pelvic organ function might be adversely affected. In the 1980s a series of publications from Finland suggested that subtotal hysterectomy (STAH) conferred significant advantages over total hysterectomy (TAH) with respect to urinary and sexual function. Due to this publicity, from 1981 to 1985, 53% of abdominal hysterectomies in Finland were subtotal. However, other researchers failed to reproduce these findings and by 1991 the rate of STAH had dropped to 13%. This might have been due to an increased incidence of prolapse after STAH with no advantage in respect of urinary or sexual function. This paper aims to present the available evidence on the effects of various types of hysterectomy for benign conditions on bladder, bowel and sexual function. BLADDER FUNCTION
Implementing a Peer Tutor Program: Strategies for Practitioners

With the integration of students with disabilities into regular physical education classrooms, practitioners are challenged to provide adequate supports to insure beneficial learning environments. The use of students as peer tutors is one such support. Peer tutoring enhances motor performance, cognitive comprehension, attitudes, and physical education academic learning time (ALT-PE) of both tutees and tutors with differing abilities. Empirical research lends credence to the implementation of peer tutoring programs, but few strategies to include peer tutoring in the physical education setting have been documented. In this article four peer tutoring implementation strategies are discussed: (a) dyads with specific instruction, (b) peers to increase the ALT-PE of students with disabilities,(c) cross-age peers, and (d) class wide peers. These strategies represent techniques that practitioners can use to enhance and assess the motor and cognitive capabilities of students both with and without disabilities. The recruitment and training of peer tutors, implementation of the tutor program, and assessment of tutee and tutor performance gains are detailed for each strategy. Checklists of the peer tutoring implementation strategies are provided to enhance program success.
Approximation Algorithms for Discrete Polynomial Optimization Simai HE

In this paper, we consider approximation algorithms for optimizing a generic multi-variate polynomial function in discrete (typically binary) variables. Such models have natural applications in graph theory, neural networks, error-correcting codes, among many others. In particular, we shall focus on three types of optimization models: (1) maximizing a homogeneous polynomial function in binary variables; (2) maximizing a homogeneous polynomial function in binary variables, mixed with variables under spherical constraints; (3) maximizing an inhomogeneous polynomial function in binary variables. We shall propose polynomial-time randomized approximation algorithms for such polynomial optimization models, and establish the approximation ratios (or relative approximation ratios whenever appropriate) for the proposed algorithms.
Spectrum quietness metrics for radio astronomy

We review metrics to assess the radio quietness of sites used for radio astronomy. Concise metrics are needed to compare candidate sites for new telescopes, to monitor the quality of existing sites, and to design telescopes to work well at a given site. Key points of assessment are the receiver dynamic range required for the strongest interferers and the expected fraction of spectrum available for sensitive astronomical measurements. We propose three metrics: (1) total radio frequency interference power, (2) interference-to-noise power ratio and (3) time-frequency occupancy. Box plots of these metrics summarise large quantities of information, highlight expected ranges of interfering signal properties, and aid comparisons of sites and other factors of interest. We provide examples for Square Kilometre Array phase one deployment in Australia based on measurements made for the selection of this site. The Square Kilometre Array will be the largest radio telescope in the world.
Self-reported use of tobacco products in nine rural INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems in Asia

Background: Tobacco use is the most preventable cause of premature death and disability. Even though tobacco use is common in many Asian countries, reliable and comparable data on the burden imposed by tobacco use in this region are sparse, and surveillance systems to track trends are in their infancy. Objective: To assess and compare the prevalence of tobacco use and its associated factors in nine selected rural sites in five Asian countries. Methods: Tobacco use among 9,208 men and 9,221 women aged 25–64 years in nine Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) sites in five Asian countries of the INDEPTH Network were examined in 2005 as part of a broader survey of the major chronic non-communicable disease risk factors. All sites used a standardised protocol based on the WHO STEPS approach to risk factor surveillance; expanded questions of local relevance, including chewing tobacco, were also included. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess demographic factors associated with tobacco use. Results: Tobacco use, whether smoked or chewed, was common across all sites with some notable variations. More than 50% of men smoked daily; this applied to almost all age groups. Few women smoked daily in any of the sites. However, women were more likely to chew tobacco than men in all sites except Vadu in India. Tobacco use in men began in late adolescence in most of the sites and the number of cigarettes smoked daily ranged from three to 15. Use of both forms of tobacco, smoked and chewed, was associated with age, gender and education. Men were more likely to smoke compared to women, smoking increased with age in the four sites in Bangladesh but not in other sites and with low level of education in all the sites. Conclusion: The prevalence of tobacco use, regardless of the type of tobacco, was high among men in all of these rural populations with tobacco use started during adolescence in all HDSS sites. Innovative communication strategies for behaviour change targeting adolescents in schools and adult men and women at work or at home, may create a mass awareness about adverse health consequences of tobacco smoking or chewing tobacco. Such efforts, to be effective, however, need to be supported by strong legislation and leadership. Only four of the five countries involved in this multi-site study have ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, and even where it has been ratified, implementation is uneven.
Levels of mortality in hens by end of lay on farm and in transit to slaughter in Great Britain

The average mortality for end of lay hens dead on arrival (DOA) was 0.27 per cent (median 0.15 per cent) in a survey of 13.3 million hens transported during 2009. A statistical model of the data indicated main risk factors for DOA to be slaughter plant, distance travelled and external air temperature, with longer journeys and low external air temperatures increasing the risk. Other highly significant risk factors (P < 0.001) related to the condition of the birds on farm, where an increased risk of DOA was positively associated with poor feather cover, lower body weight, cumulative mortality of the flock and poor health (indicated by a high proportion of the load rejected at the plant for traumatic injury and disease state). However, the data indicate that by taking risk factors into consideration it is possible to transport hens up to 960 km with low losses in temperate conditions. Mean levels of on-farm mortality, during the laying period, for a total of 1486 flocks were significantly lower in cages (5.39 per cent) than in barn (8.55 per cent), free-range (9.52 per cent) or organic flocks (8.68 per cent) according to producer records a median of seven days before depopulation, with considerable variation between flocks in all systems.
Unmanaging: Opening up the Organization to its Own Unspoken Knowledge

INTRODUCTION PART I: THINGS FALL APART Welcome to my world The view from the top Messy lives PART II: VOICES AT THE BRINK Work as an immersive practice Feeling forward, responding in the moment The movement of the living story Together in the past and future of the now The double prison PART III: LINKING VOICES, MAKING SENSE, JOINING LIVES Navigating memory Changing conversation Unmanaging ourselves Going on from here ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES NOTES
Cache-Efficient Multigrid Algorithms

Multigrid is widely used as an efficient solver for sparse linear systems arising from the discretization of elliptic boundary value problems. Linear relaxation methods such as Gauss–Seidel and Red–Black Gauss–Seidel form the principal computational component of multigrid, and thus affect its efficiency. In the context of multigrid, these iterative solvers are executed for a small number of iterations (2–8). We exploit this property of the algorithm to develop a cache-efficient multigrid method, by focusing on improving the memory behavior of the linear relaxation methods. The efficiency in our cache-efficient linear relaxation algorithm comes from two sources: reducing the number of data cache and TLB misses, and reducing the number of memory references by keeping values registerresident. Our optimizations are applicable to multigrid applied to linear systems arising from constant coefficient elliptic PDEs on structured grids. Experiments on five modern computing platforms show a performance improvement of 1.15–2.7 times over a standard implementation of Full Multigrid V-Cycle.