Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reversed-phase High-performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Analysis of Curcuminoids and Curcuminoid-loaded Liposome Formulation

A simple, sensitive, precise and specific method for the determination of curcuminoids and curcuminoid-loaded liposome formulation was developed using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method. The analysis was performed isocratically on Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 column (150×4 mm, 5 μm), analytical column using UV detector and mobile phase consisting of 0.1% orthophosphoric acid and acetonitrile. The proposed method for curcuminoids was validated for linearity in the range from 50 to 300 ΅g/ml with correlation coefficient above 0.997. Intraday and interday precision studies showed the relative standard deviation less than 2%. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation values were 2.5 and 8.25 ΅g/ml, respectively. Forced degradation study for curcuminoids and liposomal curcuminoids sample was carried out and observed that proposed method was also suitable for finding degradation products in the sample. Proposed method was successfully applied to estimate curcuminoids content without any interference of other excipients from liposomal formulation. Therefore, the method developed is well suited for curcuminoids and its liposome estimation.
Coexistence in Metacommunities: The Regional Similarity Hypothesis

Species richness has historically been studied with a separation between smalland large-scale processes. Species diversity has been approached, on the one hand, from a local perspective, based on niche theory (Pianka 1966; MacArthur and Levins 1967; Schoener 1974), and on the other hand, from a regional perspective, through island biogeography (MacArthur and Wilson 1967), with no strong interactions between these two levels. At the local scale, interactions between competing species constrain diversity, and coexistence is a function of niche dimensions and resource heterogeneity (MacArthur and Levins 1967) or differences in species life-history traits as in colonization-competition trade-off models (Hastings 1980; Tilman 1994). At the regional scale, the theory of island biogeography (MacArthur and Wilson 1967) ignores local dynamics and considers local diversity as the result of regional processes such as chance events of immigration and extinction. There are no limits to diversity except those arising from the size of the regional species pool (continent size) and the constraints on immigration events (continent-island distance). This apparent contradiction has been named “MacArthur’s paradox” (Schoener 1983; Loreau and Mouquet 1999) because MacArthur’s contribution has been central in both niche theory (Mac-
The Global Transcriptional Response to Transient Cell Wall Damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Its Regulation by the Cell Integrity Signaling Pathway*

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, environmental stress conditions that damage the cell wall lead to activation of the so-called “compensatory mechanism,” aimed at preserving cell integrity through a remodeling of this extracellular matrix. Here we used DNA microarrays to investigate the molecular basis of this response to two agents that induce transient cell wall damage; namely Congo Red and Zymolyase. Treatment of the cells with these two agents elicited the up-regulation of 132 and 101 genes respectively, the main functional groups among them being involved in cell wall construction and metabolism. The main response does not occur until hours after exposure to the cell wall-perturbing agent. In some cases, this response was transient, but more sustained in others, especially in the case of the genes involved in cell wall remodeling. Clustering of these data together with those from the response to constitutive cell wall damage, revealed the existence of a cluster of co-regulated genes that was strongly induced under all conditions assayed. Those genes induced by cell wall damage showed an enrichment in DNA binding motifs for Rlm1p, Crz1p, SBF (Swi4p/Swi6p), Msn2p/Msn4p, Ste12p, and Tec1p transcription factors, suggesting a complex regulation of this response together with the possible involvement of several signaling pathways. With the exception of PHO89 and FKS2, none of the genes induced by Congo Red was up-regulated in a slt2 strain. Moreover, characterization of the transcriptional response to Congo Red in a rlm1 mutant strain revealed that only a few genes (i.e. PHO89, FKS2, YLR042C, and CHA1) were induced at least partially independently of the transcription factor Rlm1p, the rest being totally dependent on this transcription factor for their activation. Our findings consistently demonstrate that the cell integrity signaling pathway regulates the cell wall damage compensatory response, mainly through transcriptional activation mediated by Rlm1p.
Using art for comparison and distraction: Effects on negative emotions and judgements of satisfaction

Abstract Two studies examined whether emotional comparison and distraction with emotion congruent and incongruent art would improve the well-being of dysphoric undergraduates. In both studies, subjects: (1) imagined a sad event; (2) compared their mood to that expressed by incongruent art (upward comparison) or congruent art (downward comparison); or focused on technical features of incongruent art (incongruent distraction) or congruent art (congruent distraction); and (3) rated their emotions and life satisfaction. The incongruent distraction group reported feeling more positive and more satisfied, and the downward comparison group reported feeling more satisfied, than the upward comparison or congruent distraction groups. Thus, comparison and distraction can improve well-being when directed towards emotion congruent and incongruent art, respectively.
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygen Consumption in Human Aging

The oxygen-15 continuous inhalation technique and PET were used to study the age-related changes in regional CBF and CMRO2. Twenty-seven patients, aged 19 to 76 years, free of any history of cerebral disease and vascular risk factors were examined in "resting state. " CBF, CMRO2 and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) values were calculated in seven different brain structures as well as in mean gray matter. Left-right ratios were also computed for all symmetrical structures analyzed. Mean gray CBF, but not mean gray CMRO2, decreased linearly with age (P < 0.02). However, when younger subjects (S50 yrs) were compared to older subjects (>50 yrs), an age-related matched decrease in CBF and CMRO2 was observed in mean gray matter (18% and 17%, p < 0.05) and in all gray matter regions analyzed, particularly in frontal, temporo-sylvian and parieto-occipital cortex. White matter CBF and CMRO2 remained remarkably stable with advancing age. Although the possibility'of methodological artifacts was considered, we favor progressive loss of cortical neurones and/or diminished activity of those remaining to explain our findings. In addition, age-related changes in cognitive activities might also be involved. Stroke Vol 15, No 4, 1984
Analysis and Revision of the Minimal Auditory Capabilities (MAC) Battery

The Minimal Auditory Capabilities (MAC) Battery was administered individually to 75 hearing aid users with profound sensorineural hearing loss. The purposes of the study were (1) to determine the reliability of the individual tests, their range of difficulty, and their intercorrelations; (2) to undertake a standardization procedure based on data from this population; and (3) to assess the need for revisions. Difficulty ranged gradually from a mean score of 86% correct for the Spondee Same/Different test to a mean of 16% for the NU 6 monosyllabic word test. Alpha estimates of reliability were 0.89 or higher for all but the Everyday Sounds test (0.85), the Question/Statement test (0.83), and the Spondee Same/Different test (0.81). Along with the reliability and range of difficulty results, intertest correlations provided no indication that any of the tests should be discarded. In the standardization of the MAC, the mean score correct on each test was set at 100 and the standard deviation at 10. Prepared tables for immediate conversion of a raw score to a standardized score for any test are included in an Appendix. Among revisions, also listed in the Appendix, the CID Everyday Sentences test was reduced to 20 items from 40, the SPIN High-Context Sentences were assigned key words, and the assessment of distinctive feature identification was discontinued.
The human cortex responds to an interoceptive challenge.

Functional neuroimaging with positron emission tomography (PET) and functional MRI permits identification of neurophysiological correlates of distinctly human psychological functions such as language, conscious experience, and philosophical thought. In the enthusiasm to attribute regional brain activity in humans to high-order functions, low-level accounts may be underemphasized. It is widely appreciated that brainstem and hypothalamic nuclei have a critical role in regulating neuroendocrine cycles and controlling homeostatic autonomic reflexes and vegetative processes (1). However, psychologists frequently ascribe autoregulatory control only to subcortical “reptilian” (2) regions, whereas cortical areas emote, evaluate, and reason. In recent years, Damasio (3, 4) has reemphasized the dependence of higher-order functions on bodily states of arousal. In a recent issue of PNAS, the work of Teves et al. (5) represents an important reminder that cortical and thalamic activity is modulated directly by perturbations in peripheral homeostasis that evoke autonomic arousal. The authors undertook a PET study to examine changes in regional brain activity (reflected in regional cerebral blood flow) during states of low blood glucose (hypoglycemia). Hypoglycemia evoked sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic arousal, apparent in a range of physiological and neuroendocrine measures. States of hypoglycemia and autonomic arousal were associated with enhanced activity in rostral anterior cingulate (ACC), orbitofrontal cortex, thalamus, and brainstem. One interpretation is that these activity increases reflect generation and control of autonomic responses to the low-level physiological challenge of hypoglycemia (5). Historically, rostral ACC is implicated in autonomic control. Studies in animals (6) and humans (7) demonstrate that ACC stimulation may evoke a range of autonomic responses. ACC is interconnected with autonomic nuclei in hypothalamus and brainstem, and with orbitofrontal, insular, and medial temporal regions that also project these homeostatic centers (8). However, cognitive interpretations of ACC function predominate in recent neuroscience literature, where dorsal ACC is implicated in processes such …
A New Scoring System for the Detailed Description of the Distribution and Thrombotic Burden in Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis

The scoring system most commonly used to date to describe the thrombotic burden of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) excludes several deep vein segments and is thereby of limited use in research. The aim of this prospective, comparative study was to develop a new scoring and distribution system that would include all major deep veins of the leg and pelvis. In total, 247 consecutive patients were included, of whom 105 had a positive phlebography. The positive phlebographies were registered in the new system and the result was compared with that obtained by the Marder system. In 72% (76/105) of the patients the DVT distribution was not completely described and the thrombotic burden was significantly underestimated by the Marder system. Of these, 12% (13/105) were not scored at all, thus representing false-negative investiga tions. It was possible to score all DVTs and important vein segments of these patients with the new system. The scoring system previously used excludes several deep vein segments. A description of the important vein segments, where DVT is shown to originate and propagate, is mandatory in a scoring system designed for the purpose of research of DVT and later detected deep vein insufficiency. The new system meets this demand.
Social Media and the Emergence of Open-Source Geospatial Intelligence

The emergence of social media has provided the public with an effective and irrepressible real-time mechanism to broadcast information. The great popularity of platforms such as twitter and YouTube, and the substantial amount of content that is communicated through them are making social media an essential component of open-source intelligence. The information communicated through such feeds conveys the interests and opinions of individuals, and reveals links and the complex structure of social networks. However, this information is only partially exploited if one does not consider its geographical aspect. Indeed, social media feeds more often than not have some sort of geographic content, as they may communicate the location from where a particular report is contributed, the geolocation of an image, or they may refer to a specific sociocultural hotspot. By harvesting this geographic content from social media feeds we can transfer the extracted knowledge from the amorphous cyberspace to the geographic space, and gain a unique understanding of the human lansdscape, its structure and organization, and its evolution over time. This newfound opportunity signals the emergence of open-source geospatial intelligence, whereby social media contributions can be analyzed and mined to gain unparalleled situational awareness. In this paper we showcase a number of sample applications that highlight the capabilities of harvesting geospatial intelligence from social media feeds, focusing particularly on twitter as a representative data source.
Some Thoughts about the Suitability of the Reliable Change Index (RCI) for Analysis of Ordinal Scale Data

The reliable change index (RCI) was introduced approximately 30 decades ago in order to provide an empirical, statistically grounded technique for determining whether improvement after a therapeutic intervention was real or due to measurement error. Since the definitions of the properties and limitations of scales of measurement described by Stevens in 1947, there has been vigorous controversy about whether it is permissible to analyse ordinal data with parametric statistics. Specifically, are parameters and statistics such as means and standard deviations meaningful in the context of ordinal data? These are important concerns because many of the scales used to measure outcomes in behavioural research and clinical settings yield ordinal-scale measures. Given that the standard deviation is used in the computation of the RCI, the question as to whether or not the RCI is reliable when used with ordinal-scale data is explored. Data from the SPRS-2 was used to calculate minimum reliable difference criteria in terms of both (ordinal) Total Raw Scores (MRDRS) and logit scores (MRDLS) derived from Rasch analysis. Test–retest differences across the Total Raw Score range were evaluated using each criterion. At both extremes of the range, small changes in Total Raw Score not deemed to be reliable according to the MRDRS criterion were classified as reliable according to the MRDLS criterion. Conversely, test–retest changes in the centre of the range deemed to be reliable according to the MRDRS criterion were classified as unreliable according to the MRDLS criterion. It is suggested that while MRDRS can determine numerically reliable differences, MRDLS can determine reliable differences that are meaningful in terms of the underlying construct being measured.
Por los ojos de madres: Latina mothers’ understandings of college readiness

In this study, data from six focus groups with 30 Latina mothers in South Texas were analyzed utilizing a “funds of knowledge” approach to uncover their understandings of college readiness and their role in ensuring their children are college ready. Findings indicate that Latina mothers perceived college readiness in a holistic fashion, similar to the concept of educación, in that being college ready encompasses academic preparation and other particular personal attributes that ensure success in college. Mothers also believed they had a shared responsibility in college readiness efforts by providing emotional, financial, and moral support while school personnel and students were responsible for other aspects. Such findings are crucial given that current college readiness research does not explicitly consider the role of parents in college readiness efforts or how parents perceive this notion.
Does Revising the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Subscales of the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form Make a Difference?

This study compared the original intrinsic and extrinsic subscales of the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire short form to revised subscales using data from two samples. The revised subscales were formed according to critiques by several researchers. Confirmatory factor analysis of the original and revised subscales supported the discriminant validity of scores on the intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction measures. Several hierarchical regression models were tested that included job involvement, overall job satisfaction, and volitional absence variables, in addition to the job satisfaction components. The analyses from both samples indicated that revising the intrinsic and extrinsic subscales made little difference in the results obtained.
Pascal-FC: a language for teaching concurrent programming

Pascal-FC is an extension of one of Wirth's simple Pascals. The added features allow processes to be specified and executed concurrently. Moreover communication and synchronisation primitives have been added to support semaphores, monitors and the CSP/occam type rendezvous. The language is used to give computer science students practical experience of a range of concurrency models.
Using brand knowledge to understand consumers' intention to adopt an online retailer

It is important to draw attention about online retailing from a technological standpoint to a marketing perspective. The authors develop a conceptual model based on brand theory, risk theory and information theory to understand causal relationships among brand knowledge, perceived risk, online search action and intention to adopt an online retailer. The proposed model was tested in an online survey and structural equation modelling, a more powerful analytical tool, was applied to analyse the data. Results show that brand knowledge has a direct and positive effect on intention to adopt an online retailer and this effect can be mediated by perceived risk, to a large extent. In addition, perceived risk also positively relates to online search action. This model is sustainable for additional analysis after control variables, i.e., demographic profile variables, internet use frequency and risk preference, are taken into consideration.
‘I Read What I Like’: politics of reading and reading politics in apartheid South Africa

This article discusses the alternative reading practices that occurred in the shadow of censorship during the apartheid period in South Africa. Following a brief overview of the censorship apparatus’ institutionalisation process, the focus of this article turns to readers and the alternative reading networks and sites of book distribution of banned or likely to be banned publications that emerged despite censorship. By linking these reading practices to the broader political landscape, this article will examine the role played by readers as agents of social change, drawing parallels between their reading protocols and political activism. Building on the field of book history, albeit modestly, this research reflects on the value of literature as a medium for social change, or in the words of Robert Darnton, investigate ‘the world behind books’ (1982: ix).
Rad51 Paralog Complexes BCDX2 and CX3 Act at Different Stages in the BRCA1-BRCA2-Dependent Homologous Recombination Pathway

ABSTRACT The Rad51 paralogs are required for homologous recombination (HR) and the maintenance of genomic stability. The molecular mechanisms by which the five vertebrate Rad51 paralogs regulate HR and genomic integrity remain unclear. The Rad51 paralogs associate with one another in two distinct complexes: Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 (BCDX2) and Rad51C-XRCC3 (CX3). We find that the BCDX2 and CX3 complexes act at different stages of the HR pathway. In response to DNA damage, the BCDX2 complex acts downstream of BRCA2 recruitment but upstream of Rad51 recruitment. In contrast, the CX3 complex acts downstream of Rad51 recruitment but still has a marked impact on the measured frequency of homologous recombination. Both complexes are epistatic with BRCA2 and synthetically lethal with Rad52. We conclude that human Rad51 paralogs facilitate BRCA2-Rad51-dependent homologous recombination at different stages in the pathway and function independently of Rad52.
Theorie- und Praxiswerkstatt Be-greifbare Interaktion

Neuere Entwicklungen der Interface-Technik, bei der Computer in Alltagsgegenständen verschwinden, „intelligente“ Objekte unsere Umwelt bevölkern, der Körper und seine Bewegungen zum Eingabemedium werden, stellen neue Herausforderungen an die Gestaltung und Fragen nach der Aneignung von IT und Digitalen Medien. Neue Potenziale können sich in verschiedenen Anwendungsbereichen entfalten, in Lern-. Arbeits-, Spiel-, und Lebens-Alltagswelten. Dieser Workshop will zum tieferen Verständnis dieser neuen Interaktionsformen beitragen, praktische Anwendungen zeigen und diskutieren, und Anforderungen an die Systemgestaltung aus den Anwendungsgebieten heraus entwickeln. Er soll explizit Werkstattcharakter haben und zur Diskussion des Feldes anregen.
A Gate-Level Simulation Environment for Alpha-Particle-Induced Transient Faults

Mixed analog and digital mode simulators have been available for accurate /spl alpha/-particle-induced transient fault simulation. However, they are not fast enough to simulate a large number of transient faults on a relatively large circuit in a reasonable amount of time. In this paper, we describe a gate-level transient fault simulation environment which has been developed based on realistic fault models. Although the environment was developed for /spl alpha/-particle-induced transient faults, the methodology can be used for any transient fault which can be modeled as a transient pulse of some width. The simulation environment uses a gate level timing fault simulator as well as a zero-delay parallel fault simulator. The timing fault simulator uses logic level models of the actual transient fault phenomenon and latch operation to accurately propagate the fault effects to the latch outputs, after which point the zero-delay parallel fault simulator is used to speed up the simulation without any loss in accuracy. The environment is demonstrated on a set of ISCAS-89 sequential benchmark circuits.