Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis in Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems

Intrusion Detection and/or Prevention Systems (IDPS) represent an important line of defense against a variety of attacks that can compromise the security and proper functioning of an enterprise information system. Although many IDPS systems have been proposed, their appropriate configuration and control for effective attacks detection/prevention and efficient resources consumption has always been challenging. The evaluation of the IDPS performance for any given security configuration is a crucial step for improving real-time capability. This paper aims to analyze the impact of security enforcement levels on the performance and usability of an enterprise information system. We develop a new analytical model to investigate the relationship between the IDPS performance and the rules mode selection. In particular, we analyze the IDPS rule-checking process along with its consequent action (i.e., alert or drop) on the resulting security of the network, and on the average service time per event. Simulation was conducted to validate our performance analysis study. Our results show that applying different sets of rules categories and configuration parameters impacts average service time and affects system security. The results demonstrate that it is desirable to strike a balance between system security and network performance.
User Selection Scheme for NOMA-Based Cooperative Relaying Systems

In this letter, we investigate the outage performance of cooperative relaying transmissions in two-user non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems, wherein simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) is employed at the near users to power their relaying operations. To this end, a best-near best-far (BNBF) user selection scheme is proposed. Considering three relaying protocols, i.e., decode-and-forward (DF), amplifyand-forward (AF), and hybrid DF/AF protocols, tight closedform approximate expressions for the outage probability (OP) are derived to evaluate the system performance. Numerical results reveal that, for any relaying protocols used, the diversity order achieved by the BNBF scheme is M +1, where M is the number of far users, and does not depend on the number of near users.
A SiC MOSFET Power Module With Integrated Gate Drive for 2.5 MHz Class E Resonant Converters

Industrial processes are still relying on high frequency converters based on vacuum tubes. Emerging silicon carbide semiconductor devices have potential to replace vacuum tubes and bring benefits for converters in the high frequency range. At high switching frequencies hard-switched gate drivers can enable high power density design, but suffer from high temperatures and require low inductive design. This paper addresses the two issues through integrated packaging. Integrating the hard-switched gate driver in the power module ensures a low inductive and high thermal conductive package design. The required gate-source loop inductance is calculated and obtained in the design through use of the simulation software ANSYS Q3D Extractor. Two silicon carbide MOSFET power module prototypes are manufactured on a AlN substrate and FR4 PCB, to compare the thermal performance of the gate driver in the two cases. The electrical performance of the final power module is verified at 2.5 MHz in a Class E resonant converter.
Statistical models for overdispersion in the frequency of peaks over threshold data for a flow series

In a peaks over threshold analysis of a series of river flows, a sufficiently high threshold is used to extract the peaks of independent flood events. This paper reviews existing, and proposes new, statistical models for both the annual counts of such events and the process of event peak times. The most common existing model for the process of event times is a homogeneous Poisson process. This model is motivated by asymptotic theory. However, empirical evidence suggests that it is not the most appropriate model, since it implies that the mean and variance of the annual counts are the same, whereas the counts appear to be overdispersed, i.e., have a larger variance than mean. This paper describes how the homogeneous Poisson process can be extended to incorporate time variation in the rate at which events occur and so help to account for overdispersion in annual counts through the use of regression and mixed models. The implications of these new models on the implied probability distribution of the annual maxima are also discussed. The models are illustrated using a historical flow series from the River Thames at Kingston.
Fission Yeast Rad51 and Dmc1, Two Efficient DNA Recombinases Forming Helical Nucleoprotein Filaments

ABSTRACT Homologous recombination is important for the repair of double-strand breaks during meiosis. Eukaryotic cells require two homologs of Escherichia coli RecA protein, Rad51 and Dmc1, for meiotic recombination. To date, it is not clear, at the biochemical level, why two homologs of RecA are necessary during meiosis. To gain insight into this, we purified Schizosaccharomyces pombe Rad51 and Dmc1 to homogeneity. Purified Rad51 and Dmc1 form homo-oligomers, bind single-stranded DNA preferentially, and exhibit DNA-stimulated ATPase activity. Both Rad51 and Dmc1 promote the renaturation of complementary single-stranded DNA. Importantly, Rad51 and Dmc1 proteins catalyze ATP-dependent strand exchange reactions with homologous duplex DNA. Electron microscopy reveals that both S. pombe Rad51 and Dmc1 form nucleoprotein filaments. Rad51 formed helical nucleoprotein filaments on single-stranded DNA, whereas Dmc1 was found in two forms, as helical filaments and also as stacked rings. These results demonstrate that Rad51 and Dmc1 are both efficient recombinases in lower eukaryotes and reveal closer functional and structural similarities between the meiotic recombinase Dmc1 and Rad51. The DNA strand exchange activity of both Rad51 and Dmc1 is most likely critical for proper meiotic DNA double-strand break repair in lower eukaryotes.
Natural killer cells regulate Th1/Treg and Th17/Treg balance in chlamydial lung infection

Natural killer (NK) cell is an important component in innate immunity, playing a critical role in bridging innate and adaptive immunity by modulating the function of other immune cells including T cells. In this study, we focused on the role of NK cells in regulating Th1/Treg and Th17/Treg balance during chlamydial lung infection. We found that NK cell‐depleted mice showed decreased Th1 and Th17 cells, which was correlated with reduced interferon‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐12, IL‐17 and IL‐22 production as well as T‐bet and receptor‐related orphan receptor gamma t expression compared with mice treated with the isotype control antibody. In contrast, NK cell depletion significantly increased Treg in cell number and related transcription factor (Foxp3) expression. The opposite trends of changes of Th1/Th17 and Treg led to significant reduction in the Th1/Treg and Th17/Treg ratios. The data implicate that NK cells play an important role in host defence against chlamydial lung infection, mainly through maintaining Th1/Treg and Th17/Treg balance.
Server Location Verification and Server Location Pinning: Augmenting TLS Authentication

We introduce the first known mechanism providing realtime server location verification. Its uses include enhancing server authentication (e.g., augmenting TLS) by enabling browsers to automatically interpret server location information. We describe the design of this new measurement-based technique, Server Location Verification (SLV), and evaluate it using PlanetLab. We explain how SLV is compatible with the increasing trends of geographically distributed content dissemination over the Internet, without causing any new interoperability conflicts. Additionally, we introduce the notion of (verifiable) "server location pinning" within TLS (conceptually similar to certificate pinning) to support SLV, and evaluate their combined impact using a server-authentication evaluation framework. The results affirm the addition of new security benefits to the existing SSL/TLS-based authentication mechanisms. We implement SLV through a location verification service, the simplest version of which requires no server-side changes. We also implement a simple browser extension that interacts seamlessly with the verification infrastructure to obtain realtime server location-verification results.
Depolarization-Field-Induced Retention Loss in Ferroelectric Diodes

1 Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China 3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China 4 Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
Phrase hierarchy inference and compression in bounded space

Text compression by inferring a phrase hierarchy from the input is a technique that shows promise as a compression scheme and as a machine learning method that extracts some comprehensible account of the structure of the input text. Its performance as a data compression scheme outstrips other dictionary schemes, and the structures that it learns from sequences have been put to such eclectic uses as phrase browsing in digital libraries, music analysis, and inferring rules for fractal images. We focus attention on the memory requirements of the method. Since the algorithm operates in linear time, the space it consumes is at most linear with input size. The space consumed does in fact grow linearly with the size of the inferred hierarchy, and this makes operation on very large files infeasible. We describe two elegant ways of curtailing the space complexity of hierarchy inference, one of which yields a bounded space algorithm. We begin with a review of the hierarchy inference procedure that is embodied in the SEQUITUR program. Then we consider its performance on quite large files, and show how the compression performance improves as the file size increases.
Structured Representations of Empirical Information

It is indeed the situation that the fields of Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) and Information Retrieval (IR) a number of shared interests. This paper addresses one in particular: indexing or the representation of information. It is very important to be able to describe each case or text effectively. Items which are not appropriately indexed are in effect lost in memory and are unlikely to be retrieved under appropriate circumstances. Therefore indexing is a critical issue and is the focus here. In particular this paper proposes a structured approach, similar to case indexing, for the representation of text content. It also proposes similarity based retrieval strategies, in the context of the proposed structured representation. These ideas have been implemented in Empiricist, a prototype retrieval system. Case-based reasoning is the essence of how human reasoning works [12]. People reason from experience. A case-based reasoner finds those cases in memory that solved problems similar to the current problem. In order to find a relevant case we need to characterize the input problem, by assigning appropriate features to it. Then we retrieve cases from memory with features that best match the input problem. Solutions used for retrieved cases are adapted to fit the current problem [12]. Case retrieval is facilitated by characterizing each case (and problem) by a variety of structural features such as the events, goals, and actors involved in the case [7]. Information Retrieval is similar in that texts and user requests are also represented by their features. Retrieval also involves a comparison of features to identify texts that best match the request. However, there are significant differences in the types of representations used in both fields. Representations in CBR tend to be richer and more informative because they use structured descriptions. For example, the relationship between an actor and an event is generally preserved. In IR, text representation is typically done by assigning a groups of keywords to a text. In fact, the lack of structure in keyword representation limits the versatility and effectiveness of IR systems. In this paper we present Empiricist, a prototype retrieval system in which text representation deviates from the norm. In particular, we show that IR can utilize structured representations similar to the ones used in CBR. Our texts are represented by structured complex objects. The complex object provides a rich framework for representing text content and also supports sophisticated retrieval strategies. In essence this paper makes a specific contribution to the question posed in the symposium’s call for papers: How might IR take advantage of more structured information, as used in CBR? We also discuss retrieval in the context of these complex object text representations.
Central nitric oxide attenuates the baroreceptor reflex in conscious rabbits

Matsumura, Kiyoshi, Isao Abe, Takuya Tsuchihashi, and Masatoshi Fujishima. Central nitric oxide attenuates the baroreceptor reflex in conscious rabbits. Am. J. Physiol. 274 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 43): R1142– R1149, 1998. —We examined the role of central nitric oxide (NO) in the baroreceptor reflex in conscious rabbits. Intracerebroventricular infusion of 20 μmol of N v-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) to block central NO resulted in increases in arterial pressure, renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), and plasma catecholamine levels, and the pressor response was suppressed by pretreatment with pentolinium (5 mg/kg iv). On the other hand, a subpressor dose of intracerebroventricular L-NAME (10 μmol/h) caused significant increases in baroreflex sensitivities assessed by RSNA and heart rate compared with vehicle infusion [maximum gain: 218.2 6 0.9 vs. 29.6 6 0.9%/mmHg (P , 0.001) and 214.3 6 2.3 vs. 25.7 6 0.4 beats ·min21 ·mmHg21 (P , 0.05), respectively]. Conversely, an intracerebroventricular infusion of Et2N[N(O)NO]Na, an NO donor (1 μmol/h) significantly attenuated the baroreflex sensitivities. However, intracerebroventricular infusion of N v-nitro-D-arginine methyl ester (10 μmol/h), an enantiomer of L-NAME, failed to alter the baroreflex sensitivities. These results suggest that 1) the pressor response induced by inhibition of central NO synthesis is mainly mediated by the enhanced sympathetic outflow and 2) central NO attenuates the baroreflex control of RSNA and heart rate in conscious rabbits.
An approach to Bayesian multi-mode statistical process control based on subspace selection

Over the last years the need for new monitoring techniques that are capable to cope with high complexity systems and increasing number of sensors has been continuously growing. A special case arises in the monitoring of multi-mode systems, where data gathered from multiple distributed sensors do not represent unequivocally the mode the system is operating in. In such scenarios, the sensors data can represent high-dimensional distribution of severe overlapping clusters. We propose a Statistical Process Control (SPC) framework that aims at dealing with the above-mentioned scenarios. The proposed schema is based on randomly selected subsets of sensors combined with Bayesian decision theory. As a special use-case of multi-mode systems, we apply our framework to data gathered from Metrology devices in the semiconductor industry. The outcome of the monitoring scheme is the identification of a new fault as a new operation mode of the system. We show that the use of combined subsets of sensors along with probabilistic modeling has good potential for the monitoring of such multi-mode systems.
Hybrid type of broad-band microwave phase shifter using schiffman lines

This paper presents a new hybrid type of phase shifter that employs basic Schiffman lines. Compared with conventional coupled line and Schiffman line phase shifters the new hybrid design shows advantage of optimally very small phase shift error of (±5°) over an entire band of 2.85-17.15 GHz (143% bandwidth). To validate the method, a 90° phase shifter is designed and simulated.
Precise Fixed Point Based Analysis of Programs with Thread-Creation

This paper presents an efficient, fixed point based algorithm for precise kill/gen analysis of interprocedural flow graphs with thread creation. The main idea of the algorithm is to separate a path reaching a control node into those steps required to reach the node and interfering steps, that are executed concurrently. These two parts are analyzed separately and combined afterwards. Exploiting the structure of kill/gen analysis we can show soundness and precision.
Challenges and opportunities of local journalism: a case study of the 2012 Korean general election

Local journalism is a vital element for governance and civic engagement in local communities. It not only serves as an accountability mechanism for key local institutions but also enhances communities' problem solving skills by setting important agendas and opening public discussions. However, the Internet is posing serious challenges to local news outlets that lead to a significant reduction of accountability reporting and decreasing revenue. In this paper, we study the challenges and opportunities of local journalism in online communication space. We first observe the status of local journalism in online discourse by analyzing the public attention to local news outlets. Using Twitter to capture online public discourse, the study provides a large-scale quantitative analysis of the public's attention to local journalism. We also explore the potential to promote local journalism with information systems through a real deployment study. We propose a context-specific, decision-oriented design approach for local journalism, and evaluate it using Informed Citizen, a web portal to local journalistic contents of electoral districts.
Fillers , filled pauses and co-occurring gestures in Danish First Encounters

Filled pauses, which are pauses accompanied by so-called fillers, are very frequent in spoken language. Fillers have multiple non-exclusive functions which are both related to the management of communication (Allwood et al., 1992; Maclay and Osgood, 1959; Duncan and Fiske, 1977) and cognitive processes of planning the discourse and retrieving words (Rochester, 1973; Krauss et al., 2000). Researchers have found that there is an inverse frequency relation between hand gestures and filled pauses (Christenfeld et al., 1991; Rauscher et al., 1996) and that many hold gestures co-occur with filled pauses (Esposito et al., 2001; McNeill, 2014). Fillers are an integral part of the language and have language specific characteristics (de Leeuw, 2007). Clark and FoxTree (2002) propose to consider fillers as words since they are used in different contexts. In this study we want to determine a) which are the most common fillers in a Danish corpus of first encounters, b) whether fillers co-occur with gestures and their uses, c) whether the most frequent fillers in Danish have conventionalized uses as in English.
Viral latency and potential eradication of HIV-1

Keystone Symposium on Frontiers in HIV Pathogenesis, Therapy and Eradication Whistler, BC, Canada, 26–31 March 2012 Although HAART can suppress plasma viral loads to undetectable levels, individuals infected with HIV-1 harbor latent reservoirs of integrated proviruses that re-emerge upon the cessation of drug treatment. The 2012 Keystone Symposium on Frontiers in HIV Pathogenesis, Therapy and Eradication highlighted the current understanding of latent infection and new methods to activate and target these reservoirs for eradication. This report focuses on a select few aspects of the discussion, including the extent that ongoing replication might contribute to the persistent viral reservoir, recent advances in activating the expression of latent proviruses, progress in developing effective animal models and potential avenues to eradicate the cells that constitute the latent reservoir.
Studying delays in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment: critical realism as a new foundation for inquiry.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To examine how delays in breast cancer care currently are conceptualized and to introduce philosophical and theoretical tenets of critical realism as an alternative approach. DATA SOURCES Health and social sciences literature. DATA SYNTHESIS Diagnostic and treatment delays in breast cancer most frequently are conceptualized as patient, provider, or system related. The approach has limited utility in guiding explanatory analysis because it does not acknowledge the social context in which the delays occur. The philosophical tenets of critical realism and two related theoretical approaches are an alternative. They illustrate how an individual's biologic, social, and material resources may undermine or support structural inequities in access to breast cancer care. CONCLUSIONS Critical realism provides a useful framework for analysis of links between social inequalities and delays in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Access to breast cancer care could be better understood and conceptualized by basing future research and theoretical endeavors on a critical realist perspective.
Support needs of informal hospice caregivers: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND Informal caregivers of hospice patients experience multiple stressors that can negatively impact physical, psychological, and emotional health. The goal of this qualitative study was to understand caregivers' needs to inform the feasibility, structure, and content of a telephone-based counseling intervention. METHODS Focus groups and interviews with 36 former hospice caregivers and 11 hospice staff from 6 hospices were conducted. Interviews and focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a constant comparative approach. RESULTS Key content areas included coping, emotional support, self-care, logistical issues, and bereavement. Respondents supported telephone-based counseling, appreciating its relative anonymity and convenience. It was recommended that calls be initiated by the counselor, on a weekly basis, and that one counselor be assigned to each caregiver. Hospice staff emphasized the need to coordinate telephone counseling with hospice care, scheduling around and communicating with hospice staff. Most caregivers indicated that they would participate in telephone-based counseling were it available; hospice staff thought that half of caregivers would participate. A pervasive theme was that "there can never be enough support for a caregiver. " CONCLUSION Informal caregivers of hospice patients have support needs that are amenable to telephone-based counseling designed to be complementary to existing hospice services. Based on these qualitative findings, we are pilot-testing a telephone-based cognitive-behavioral stress management program for informal caregivers of hospice patients.