Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a square-mesh escape panel in reducing finfish bycatch in a small-mesh bottom trawl used in the longfin inshore squid (Loligo pealeii) fishery

This series is a secondary scientific series designed to assure long-term documentation and to enable timely transmission of research results by Center and/or non-Center researchers, where such results bear upon the research mission of the Center (see the outside back cover for the mission statement). These documents receive internal scientific review, no technical editing, and limited copy editing. The National Marine Fisheries Service does not endorse any proprietary material, process, or product mentioned in these documents. All documents issued in this series since April 2001, and several documents issued prior to that date, have been posted at:
Security challenges in embedded systems

Embedded systems security is a significant requirement in emerging environments, considering the increasing deployment of embedded systems in several application domains. The large number of deployed embedded systems, their limited resources and their increasing complexity render systems vulnerable to an increasing number of threats. Additionally, the involvement of sensitive, often private, information and the expectation for safe and dependable embedded platforms lead to strong security requirements, even legal ones, which require new technologies for their provision. In this article, we provide an overview of embedded security issues, used methods and technologies, identifying important challenges in this emerging field.
RSED: a Novel Recommendation Based on Emotion Recognition Methods

With the growth of E-commerce, the development of recommendation systems is helpful for users to select desirable products from all kinds of them. The existing e-commerce recommendation approaches are based on a user's preference on music. However, sometimes, it might better meet users' requirement to recommend products according to emotions. In this paper, we propose a novel framework model for emotion- based e-commerce recommendation systems. The core of the recommendation framework is the construction of the product vs customer emotion model by two-dimensional overlap spaces, which plays an important role in conveying emotions in products. We investigate the product feature extraction and propose some related matching algorithms for the construction of product vs customer emotion model. Then the system model, data structures and so on are given in our paper. At last, experimental and analytical result shows the proposed emotion-based music recommendation achieves higher accuracy and faster retrieval speed.
Modeling Syntactic and Semantic Structures in Hierarchical Phrase-based Translation

Incorporating semantic structure into a linguistics-free translation model is challenging, since semantic structures are closely tied to syntax. In this paper, we propose a two-level approach to exploiting predicate-argument structure reordering in a hierarchical phrase-based translation model. First, we introduce linguistically motivated constraints into a hierarchical model, guiding translation phrase choices in favor of those that respect syntactic boundaries. Second, based on such translation phrases, we propose a predicate-argument structure reordering model that predicts reordering not only between an argument and its predicate, but also between two arguments. Experiments on Chinese-to-English translation demonstrate that both advances significantly improve translation accuracy.
Identification of Novel High-Frequency DNA Methylation Changes in Breast Cancer

Recent data have revealed that epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation and chromatin structure changes, are among the earliest molecular abnormalities to occur during tumorigenesis. The inherent thermodynamic stability of cytosine methylation and the apparent high specificity of the alterations for disease may accelerate the development of powerful molecular diagnostics for cancer. We report a genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation alterations in breast cancer. The approach efficiently identified a large collection of novel differentially DNA methylated loci (∼200), a subset of which was independently validated across a panel of over 230 clinical samples. The differential cytosine methylation events were independent of patient age, tumor stage, estrogen receptor status or family history of breast cancer. The power of the global approach for discovery is underscored by the identification of a single differentially methylated locus, associated with the GHSR gene, capable of distinguishing infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma from normal and benign breast tissues with a sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 96%, respectively. Notably, the frequency of these molecular abnormalities in breast tumors substantially exceeds the frequency of any other single genetic or epigenetic change reported to date. The discovery of over 50 novel DNA methylation-based biomarkers of breast cancer may provide new routes for development of DNA methylation-based diagnostics and prognostics, as well as reveal epigenetically regulated mechanism involved in breast tumorigenesis.
The Application of the Iliac Artery in the Ex Vivo Reconstruction of Renal Arteries in Renal Transplantation: Retraction.

REFERENCES 1. Zheng SS, Xu X, Wu J, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Hangzhou experiences. Transplantation 2008;85:1726–32 2. Chapman JR, Stock P, Haberal M. Organs from Executed people are not a source of scientific discovery. Transplantation: doi: 10.1097/ TP.0000000000002818. Executed people are not a source of scientific discovery’ in this issue for further details.
Abnormal mitochondrial transport and morphology as early pathological changes in human models of spinal muscular atrophy

ABSTRACT Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), characterized by specific degeneration of spinal motor neurons, is caused by mutations in the survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric (SMN1) gene and subsequent decreased levels of functional SMN. How the deficiency of SMN, a ubiquitously expressed protein, leads to spinal motor neuron-specific degeneration in individuals affected by SMA remains unknown. In this study, we examined the role of SMN in mitochondrial axonal transport and morphology in human motor neurons by generating SMA type 1 patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and differentiating these cells into spinal motor neurons. The initial specification of spinal motor neurons was not affected, but these SMA spinal motor neurons specifically degenerated following long-term culture. Moreover, at an early stage in SMA spinal motor neurons, but not in SMA forebrain neurons, the number of mitochondria, mitochondrial area and mitochondrial transport were significantly reduced in axons. Knocking down of SMN expression led to similar mitochondrial defects in spinal motor neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells, confirming that SMN deficiency results in impaired mitochondrial dynamics. Finally, the application of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) mitigated the impairment in mitochondrial transport and morphology and rescued motor neuron degeneration in SMA long-term cultures. Furthermore, NAC ameliorated the reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential in SMA spinal motor neurons, suggesting that NAC might rescue apoptosis and motor neuron degeneration by improving mitochondrial health. Overall, our data demonstrate that SMN deficiency results in abnormal mitochondrial transport and morphology and a subsequent reduction in mitochondrial health, which are implicated in the specific degeneration of spinal motor neurons in SMA. Summary: This study provides the first evidence in human models of spinal muscular atrophy of impaired mitochondrial dynamics, which serve as potential therapeutic targets for this devastating disease.
Generalization and Properties of the Neural Response

Hierarchical learning algorithms have enjoyed tremendous growth in recent years, with many new algorithms being proposed and applied to a wide range of applications. However, despite the apparent success of hierarchical algorithms in practice, the theory of hierarchical architectures remains at an early stage. In this paper we study the theoretical properties of hierarchical algorithms from a mathematical perspective. Our work is based on the framework of hierarchical architectures introduced by Smale et al. in the paper \Mathematics of the Neural Response", Foundations of Computational Mathematics, 2010. We propose a generalized denition of the neural response and derived kernel that allows us to integrate some of the existing hierarchical algorithms in practice into our framework. We then use this generalized denition to analyze the theoretical properties of hierarchical architectures. Our analysis focuses on three particular aspects of the hierarchy. First, we show that a wide class of architectures suers from range compression; essentially, the derived kernel becomes increasingly saturated at each layer. Second, we show that the complexity of a linear architecture is constrained by the complexity of the rst layer, and in some cases the architecture collapses into a single-layer linear computation. Finally, we characterize the discrimination and invariance properties of the derived kernel in the case when the input data are one-dimensional strings. We believe that these theoretical results will provide a useful foundation for guiding future developments within the theory of hierarchical algorithms.
COMPUTATIONAL ASPECTS OF MUCUS PROPULSION BY CILIATED EPITHELIUM

This work is focused on the investigation of the mechanical dysfunction and airway clearance efficiency (or lack thereof) of the respiratory system by a quantitative analysis of mucus motion. We perform three-dimensional numerical simulations of the mucus and the ciliated cells present at lung walls (epithelium). In this preliminary work we consider a simplified configuration where the fluid is assumed to be Newtonian, the air/mucus interface is flat, and density and viscosity are constant. We formulate equations describing the simplified configuration, which are also relevant in the general context, and solve this system numerically to obtain mucus motion over a full cilia cycle. The stability condition of the explicit time integrators for the set of equations is prohibitively restrictive on the size of the integration time step. In order to begin development of effective numerical strategies for this problem we construct a one-dimensional model equation that contains the numerical challenges of a more general system. We study performance of several implicit and exponential time integrators using the model equation and use the results of the comparison to outline promising strategies for building efficient time integrators for a more complex system.
Bio-Sensing and Monitor System Design by Integrating Replaceable Micro Array Probes and Amplifier with an Wireless Active RFID Tag

This research provides a bio-sensing and monitor system, which integrates replaceable flexible non-fragile bio-probe, Thin-Film-Transistor (TFT) amplifier, as well as an active RFID tag, such that the new wireless device can improve the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and impedance matching problems. Besides, the bio-probe device can be disposed to conform to the profile of a bio-body and to improve the electrical contact property. The detailed device fabrication and testing processes are given, the result of probe resistance is 2.7 K£[, and the monitoring range of the wireless RFID system is 15m, which is very useful for remote monitoring.
Performance Analysis of Project-and-Forward Relaying in Mixed MIMO-Pinhole and Rayleigh Dual-Hop Channel

In this letter, we present an end-to-end performance analysis of dual-hop project-and-forward relaying in a realistic scenario, where the source-relay and the relay-destination links are experiencing MIMO-pinhole and Rayleigh channel conditions, respectively. We derive the probability density function of both the relay postprocessing and the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratios, and the obtained expressions are used to derive the outage probability of the analyzed system as well as its end-to-end ergodic capacity in terms of generalized functions. Applying then the residue theory to Mellin-Barnes integrals, we infer the system asymptotic behavior for different channel parameters. As the bivariate Meijer-G function is involved in the analysis, we propose a new and fast MATLAB implementation enabling an automated definition of the complex integration contour. Extensive Monte-Carlo simulations are invoked to corroborate the analytical results.
A robust noncoherent iterative detection algorithm for serially concatenated CPM

This paper is concerned with the noncoherent soft detection of serially concatenated continuous phase modulation under strong phase noise (PN). We model the noncoherent detection of continuous phase modulation (CPM) as a special case of detection for channel with memory and propose a trellis-based reduced-complexity soft detection algorithm for CPM. The proposed algorithm is developed based on bidirectional Viterbi algorithm. It does not require pilots and signal-to-noise ratio knowledge at the receiver side. By optimizing the parameters, it exhibits considerable robustness and better performance under severe phase noise.
Fertility Risk Assessment and Preservation in Male and Female Prepubertal and Adolescent Cancer Patients

Cancer represents the second cause of death in prepubertal children and adolescents, although it is currently associated with an overall survival rate of 80%–85%. The annual incidence rate is 186.6 per 1 million children and adolescents aged up to 19 years. Both disease and treatment options are associated with life-altering, long-term effects that require monitoring. Infertility is a common issue, and as such, fertility preservation represents an essential part in the management of young patients with cancer who are at risk of premature gonadal failure. This review deals with the up-to-date available data on fertility risk assessment and preservation strategies that should be addressed prior to antineoplastic therapy in this vulnerable subgroup of cancer patients.
Dates of the Two Most Recent Surface Ruptures on the Southernmost San Andreas Fault Recalculated by Precise Dating of Lake Cahuilla Dry Periods

The past two southernmost San Andreas fault (SAF) ruptures occurred when ancient Lake Cahuilla was full, based on faulted lake sediment relationships and extensive liquefaction at sites near the shoreline. The times of the past two southern SAF ruptures have been reevaluated with new radiocarbon data on in situ stumps that grew between the past three Lake Cahuilla highstands, which, when taken in combination with historical accounts and modeling of the time to fill and desiccate the lake, provide more precise and accurate ages for the past two SAF earthquakes. The C dates on inner and outer rings combined with historical observations show that the dry period prior to the last lake ended after 1706 C.E. , leaving a narrow window of less than 25 yrs to fill and begin desiccating the most recent lake, and that the penultimate lake began dropping from a highstand around 1640 C.E. or earlier. Our analysis shows that the most recent earthquake occurred about 1726 7 C.E. , whereas the timing of the penultimate event is slightly older at 1577 67 C.E. (both at 2σ). These new dates, when combined with previous age estimates of earlier southern SAF events, suggest more regular recurrence of surface-rupturing events, with an average interval of about 180 yrs, but leave the open interval at nearly 300 yrs.
Facilitating Dynamic Schedules for Healthcare Professionals

Healthcare professionals working in highly dynamic hospital environments typically have correspondingly dynamic schedules that are difficult to manage. Emergent tasks and shifting priorities result in existing schedules becoming obsolete. Pervasive computing technology can aid Healthcare professionals in organising daily activities by exploiting knowledge of planned and emerging tasks, of patients and colleagues, and of the general state of the working environment. The Hermes software framework at Trinity College Dublin supports the development of mobile applications for human activity management that exploits such environmental knowledge. Supported applications are based on the concept of a trail. This paper describes the Hermes framework and illustrates how it can be used to implement applications that can automatically reorganise the schedules of healthcare workers based on sensed changes in their environment
Robust walking of biped robot on uneven terrain using effect of wobbling mass

Many studies about improving the performance of biped robots, especially energy efficiency and waking speed have been done. These properties, however, are secondary to the robot ability to prevent falling down on irregular grounds. In this paper, we propose a novel method which uses an active up-and-down wobbling mass to improve walking ability and robustness of biped robot on uneven terrain. We will show improvements that the number of walk steps is increased in numerical simulations using the proposed method. We also evaluate quantitatively walking ability of biped robot on uneven terrain using a performance measure called Gait Sensitivity Norm (GSN) and H∞ norm. Furthermore, we show the effectiveness of H∞ norm measure which cannot be evaluated by GSN in a walking example.
Angiotensin converting enzyme and memory: preclinical and clinical data.

Results from both preclinical and clinical studies described here suggest that ACE may have a role in the modulation of cognitive memory processes in the rat and in humans. The finding of improved cognitive performance among patients treated with captopril relative to those treated with propranolol or methyldopa is consistent with other clinical and prec-clinical data. Clinical data derive primarily from quality of life measures based on interviews with patients in the same clinical trial from which our other cognitive data are drawn. For example, mental acuity in the workplace was reported to have improved significantly from baseline to week 24 in patients on captopril (p less than 0.05), although it did not change in patients treated with propranolol and worsened in those receiving methyldopa (Croog et al, 1987). The difference between captopril and methyldopa was significant (p less than 0.01). Pre-clinical data come primarily from studies demonstrating that inhibitors of ACE delay CAE in rats when compared not only with methyldopa, but also with saline (Sudilovsky et al, 1984, 1986). A fundamental question is how could inhibition of ACE improve cognitive functioning independent of blood pressure control. It is known that captopril exerts its antihypertensive effects primarily through inhibition of the ACE and that this is present in the brain as well as in non-neuronal tissues elsewhere (Ganten et al, 1982; Strittmatter et al, 1983, 1984). The activity of the enzyme has been found to be significantly increased in the caudate nucleus, the frontal cortex, parahyppocampal gyrus, and medial hippocampus of patients dying with Alzheimer's disease when compared to age-matched controls (Arregui et al, 1982). In addition, AII has been shown to impair performance on various learning and memory paradigms in animals (Melo and Graeff, 1975; Morgan and Routtenberg, 1977). Raising the level of endogenous AII by intravenous administration of its precursor renin has similar effects, and these are prevented if captopril is administered previously (Koller et al, 1979). Also, chronic oral treatment with captopril produces changes of brain renin angiotensin system parameters which suggest inhibition of AII biosyntheses in the brain (Scholkens et al, 1983). It is conceivable therefore, that our findings with prolonged administration of captopril are exerted through reduced formation of AII. Other possible mechanisms through which captopril may affect cognition include peptide-protein systems (Ganten et al, 1982, Sudilovsky et al, 1988) or the modulation of cerebral blood flow autoregulation mechanisms. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Influence of the relationship between photosynthetically active radiation and global radiation in gross primary productivity for Santa Rita do Passa Quatro - SP

This work aims to establish a relationship between the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the global radiation (Rg) for Santa Rita do Passa Quatro (SP), during the period from February 2005 to February 2006 and evaluate its impact on gross primary production (GPP). Data of Rg (Wm -2 ) and PAR (μmols s -1 m -2 ) were obtained from the mirometeorological tower located in Gleba Cerrado Giant Foot. Data analysis allowed the establishment of a linear equation to express the relationship between PAR (MJ m -2 ) and Rg (MJ m -2 ) as: PAR = 0.3787 Rg or PAR = 1.742 Rg, for PAR (μmols s -1 m -2 ) and Rg (MJ m -2 ). This relationship is indicated for the GPP determination when there is no PAR measurements.
Dysphagia After Stroke: Incidence, Diagnosis, and Pulmonary Complications

Objective— To determine the incidence of dysphagia and associated pulmonary compromise in stroke patients through a systematic review of the published literature. Methods— Databases were searched (1966 through May 2005) using terms “cerebrovascular disorders,” “deglutition disorders,” and limited to “humans” for original articles addressing the frequency of dysphagia or pneumonia. Data sources included Medline, Embase, Pascal, relevant Internet addresses, and extensive hand searching of bibliographies of identified articles. Selected articles were reviewed for quality, diagnostic methods, and patient characteristics. Comparisons were made of reported dysphagia and pneumonia frequencies. The relative risks (RRs) of developing pneumonia were calculated in patients with dysphagia and confirmed aspiration. Results— Of the 277 sources identified, 104 were original, peer-reviewed articles that focused on adult stroke patients with dysphagia. Of these, 24 articles met inclusion criteria and were evaluated. The reported incidence of dysphagia was lowest using cursory screening techniques (37% to 45%), higher using clinical testing (51% to 55%), and highest using instrumental testing (64% to 78%). Dysphagia tends to be lower after hemispheric stroke and remains prominent in the rehabilitation brain stem stroke. There is increased risk for pneumonia in patients with dysphagia (RR, 3.17; 95% CI, 2.07, 4.87) and an even greater risk in patients with aspiration (RR, 11.56; 95% CI, 3.36, 39.77). Conclusions— The high incidence for dysphagia and pneumonia is a consistent finding with stroke patients. The pneumonia risk is greatest in stroke patients with aspiration. These findings will be valuable in the design of future dysphagia research.