Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of pilus antigens, enterotoxin types, and enteropathogenicity among K88-negative enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli from neonatal pigs.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) that were isolated from neonatal pigs and that did not react in preliminary tests for pilus antigen K88 were subjected to additional tests for K88 and for pilus antigens K99 and 987P. Four such isolates produced K88, 9 isolates produced K99, 55 isolates produced 987P, and the remaining 43 isolates produced none of the three pilus antigens (3P(-)). Immunofluorescence tests of ileal sections from pigs were more sensitive for 987P detection than was serum agglutination of bacteria grown from the ileum. Most ETEC that produced K88, K99, or 987P were enteropathogenic (adhered to ileal villi, colonized intensively, and caused profuse diarrhea) when given to neonatal pigs. In contrast, only 3 of the 43 ETEC that produced none of the pilus antigens were enteropathogenic. The isolates were also tested for the type of enterotoxin produced. The K88(+) isolates all produced heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) detectable in cultured adrenal cells (i.e., were LT(+)). None of the 987P(+), K99(+), or enterpathogenic 3P(-) isolates produced LT. However (except for a single K99(+) isolate), they all produced heat-stable enterotoxin detectable in infant mice (STa(+)). Sixteen isolates produced neither LT nor STa but did produce enterotoxin detectable in ligated intestinal loops of pigs (STb). Most of these LT(-) STa(-) STb(+) isolates were also K88(-), K99(-), and 987P(-) and non-enteropathogenic. One of them was K99(+) and enteropathogenic. Our conclusions are as follows. (i) Most enteropathogenic ETEC from neonatal pigs produce either K88, 987P, or K99; however, there are some that produce none of the three antigens. (ii) Immunofluorescence tests for pilus antigens produced in vivo are recommended for the diagnosis of ETEC infections. (iii) Reports of LT(-) STa(-) STb(+) swine ETEC are confirmed; furthermore, such isolates can be enteropathogenic.
Nonlinear state observers and extended Kalman filters for battery systems

Abstract The focus of this paper is to develop reliable observer and filtering techniques for finite-dimensional battery models that adequately describe the charging and discharging behaviors. For this purpose, an experimentally validated battery model taken from the literature is extended by a mathematical description that represents parameter variations caused by aging. The corresponding disturbance models account for the fact that neither the state of charge, nor the above-mentioned parameter variations are directly accessible by measurements. Moreover, this work provides a comparison of the performance of different observer and filtering techniques as well as a development of estimation procedures that guarantee a reliable detection of large parameter variations. For that reason, different charging and discharging current profiles of batteries are investigated by numerical simulations. The estimation procedures considered in this paper are, firstly, a nonlinear Luenberger-type state observer with an offline calculated gain scheduling approach, secondly, a continuous-time extended Kalman filter and, thirdly, a hybrid extended Kalman filter, where the corresponding filter gains are computed online.
PARNT: A Statistic based Approach to Extract Non-Taxonomic Relationships of Ontologies from Text

Learning Non-Taxonomic Relationships is a sub-field of Ontology learning that aims at automating the extraction of these relationships from text. This article proposes PARNT, a novel approach that supports ontology engineers in extracting these elements from corpora of plain English. PARNT is parametrized, extensible and uses original solutions that help to achieve better results when compared to other techniques for extracting non-taxonomic relationships from ontology concepts and English text. To evaluate the PARNT effectiveness, a comparative experiment with another state of the art technique was conducted.
Algebraic Approaches to Compositional Distributional Semantics

The question of how to compose meaning in distributional representations of meaning has recently been recognised as a central issue in computational linguistics. In this paper we describe three general and powerful tools that can be used to describe composition in distributional semantics: quotient algebras, learning of finite dimensional algebras, and the construction of algebras from semigroups.
Cyclic shift genetic algorithm applied to design optimization of electromagnetic devices

Based on the analysis of the premature convergence causing in genetic algorithm, and enlightened by the biology migratory phenomenon and Inversion Operator, a cyclic shift genetic algorithm (CSGA) was presented and discussed with different strategy. CSGA can effectively suppress the premature phenomenon of standard genetic algorithm (SGA), decrease the dependence of SGA to the character of initial population, and enhance the convergent speed and rate. The superiority of propose algorithm was validated by simulation and the successful application to the optimal design of electromagnetic devices.
Use of pulse pressure method for estimating total arterial compliance in vivo.

We determined total arterial compliance from pressure and flow in the ascending aorta of seven anesthetized dogs using the pulse pressure method (PPM) and the decay time method (DTM). Compliance was determined under control and during occlusion of the aorta at four different locations (iliac, renal, diaphragm, and proximal descending thoracic aorta). Compliance of PPM gave consistently lower values (0.893 ± 0.015) compared with the compliance of DTM (means ± SE; r = 0.989). The lower compliance estimates by the PPM can be attributed to the difference in mean pressures at which compliance is determined (mean pressure, 81.0 ± 3.6 mmHg; mean diastolic pressure, over which the DTM applies, 67.0 ± 3.6 mmHg). Total arterial compliance under control conditions was 0.169 ± 0.007 ml/mmHg. Compliance of the proximal aorta, obtained during occlusion of the proximal descending aorta, was 0.100 ± 0.007 ml/mmHg. Mean aortic pressure was 80.4 ± 3.6 mmHg during control and 102 ± 7.7 mmHg during proximal descending aortic occlusion. From these results and assuming that upper limbs and the head contribute as little as the lower limbs, we conclude that 60% of total arterial compliance resides in the proximal aorta. When we take into account the inverse relationship between pressure and compliance, the contribution of the proximal aorta to the total arterial compliance is even more significant.
Decoding Synapses

The strength of many synapses is modified by various use and time-dependent processes, including facilitation and depression. A general description of synaptic transfer characteristics must account for the history-dependence of synaptic efficacy and should be able to predict the postsynaptic response to any temporal pattern of presynaptic activity. To generate such a description, we use an approach similar to the decoding method used to reconstruct a sensory input from a neuronal firing pattern. Specifically, a mathematical fit of the postsynaptic response to an isolated action potential is multiplied by an amplitude factor that depends on a time-dependent function summed over all previous presynaptic spikes. The amplitude factor is, in general, a nonlinear function of this sum. Approximate forms of the time-dependent function and the nonlinearity are extracted from the data, and then both functions are constructed more precisely by a learning algorithm. This approach, which should be applicable to a wide variety of synapses, is applied here to several crustacean neuromuscular junctions. After training on data from random spike sequences, the method predicts the postsynaptic response to an arbitrary train of presynaptic action potentials. Using a model synapse, we relate the functions used in the fit to underlying biophysical processes. Fitting different neuromuscular junctions allows us to compare their responses to sequences of action potentials and to contrast the time course and degree of facilitation or depression that they exhibit.
Working Paper Series July 2002 Research and Statistics Department Bank of Japan

Typically, when using econometric techniques to forecast economic variables, estimation is carried out on a forecasting model that is built upon some assumed economic structure, based upon a priori knowledge and economic principles. However, such techniques cannot avoid running into the possibility of misspecification, which will occur should there be some error in the assumptions underlying this economic structure. Even when diagnostic tests have been easily cleared, a small change in the way this structure is set up can induce large differences in the forecast value. In other words, the researcher’s subjective choices in setting up the model can have a substantial influence on the estimated forecast. In this paper, in which we concentrate upon inflation forecasting, we present a statistical forecasting method (SFM) that stresses statistical relationships among time series data, and that makes no structural assumptions, other than to set up the underlying variables. When putting ∗In producing this paper we have had the benefit of valuable comments from Munehisa Kasuya and Hideaki Shimizu (both of the Research and Statistics Department, Bank of Japan), as well as from many other staffs of the Bank. In carrying out the analysis, we received considerable support from Toshinao Yoshiba (Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan) and Toshiro Nomura (Graduate School of Economics, Keio University, currently at Finacial Research Center, Nomura Securites). We would like to offer them our sincere thanks. In addition, in conducting estimation of the Reduced Rank VAR model and in calculation of the Pesaran-Timmermann statistics, we made use of the GAUSS program created by Dr. George Kapetianos (Bank of England, currently at Queen Mary college, University of London), with some modifications of our own. It remains only to emphasize that the opinions expressed in this paper are our own and do not reflect the public position of the Bank of Japan or of the Research and Statistics Department. †Economic Research Division, Research and Statistics Department, Bank of Japan (Email: ippei.fujiwara@boj.or.jp) ‡Economic Research Division, Research and Statistics Department, Bank of Japan (Email: maiko.koga@boj.or.jp)
Network Map of Adverse Health Effects Among Victims of Intimate Partner Violence

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious problem with devastating health consequences. Screening procedures may overlook relationships between IPV and negative health effects. To identify IPV-associated women's health issues, we mined national, aggregated de-identified electronic health record data and compared female health issues of domestic abuse (DA) versus non-DA records, identifying terms significantly more frequent for the DA group. After coding these terms into 28 broad categories, we developed a network map to determine strength of relationships between categories in the context of DA, finding that acute conditions are strongly connected to cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, gynecological, and neurological conditions among victims.
A new seizure prediction method based on return map

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders and affects closely 50 million people worldwide. The unpredictability of seizures onset is a main agony for all patients who has epilepsy. In this article, a new seizure prediction method based on chaos theory and nonlinear dynamics are used to make a return map based on zero crossing to find the Preictal stage before Ictal stage in electroencephalographic (EEG) signal in order to seizure onset prediction. Our index is calculated for sliding windows and compared with adaptive threshold. Lastly our average prediction time is about 20±5 minutes with 86.6 % in sensitivity and 0.067 in FPR.
Early behavioural changes in scrapie‐affected mice and the influence of dapsone

Behavioural testing can reveal effects in scrapie‐infected mice long before overt clinical signs appear (Betmouni et al., 1999, Psychobiology, 27, 63–71). These effects may be partly attributable to an early, atypical inflammatory response in the brain (Betmouni et al., 1996, Neuroscience, 74, 1–5). The present study replicated and extended these findings, and examined the effect of chronic treatment with dapsone. This anti‐inflammatory compound has been reported to delay disease onset in a rat model of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (Manuelidis et al., 1998, Lancet, 352, 456). Although the doses used in the present study were higher than those of Manuelidis et al. (1998), no attenuation of the disease was seen in either behavioural or subsequent histological tests. Burrowing, i.e. displacing food pellets from a tube in the home cage, decreased from around week 12 in scrapie‐infected mice, as did consumption of palatable glucose solution. Concurrently, ambulation in an open field increased, as did rearing at around week 17. Spontaneous alternation was impaired around this time. Around 18 weeks, motor performance on an inverted screen, horizontal bar, rotating rod and static rods decreased. Nest construction was impaired at 20 weeks. Overt clinical signs (reduction in mobility, hunched posture, poor coat condition, bladder enlargement) only occurred after week 20, when the mice were prepared for histology. The ME7 scrapie‐infected mice thus showed a characteristic complex of neurological and behavioural changes during the course of the disease that were not ameliorated by dapsone. These changes appeared well before clinical signs were prominent.
Delayed rectification in the transverse tubules: origin of the late after-potential in frog skeletal muscle

Tetanic stimulation of skeletal muscle fibers elicits a train of spikes followed by a long-lasting depolarization called the late after- potential (LAP). We have conducted experiments to determine the origin of the LAP. Isolated single muscle fibers were treated with a high potassium solution (5 mM or 10 mM K) followed by a sudden reduction of potassium concentration to 2.5 mM. This procedure produced a slow repolarization (K repolarization), which reflects a diffusional outflow of potassium from inside the lumen of the transverse tubular system (T system). Tetanic stimulation was then applied to the same fiber and the LAP was recorded. The time courses of K repolarization and LAP decay were compared and found to be roughly the same. This approximate equality held under various conditions that changed the time courses of both events over a wide range. Both K repolarization and the LAP became slower as fiber radius increased. These results suggest that LAP decay and K repolarization represent the same process. Thus, we conclude that the LAP is caused by potassium accumulation in the T system. A consequence of this conclusion is that delayed rectification channels exist in the T system. A rough estimation suggests that the density of delayed rectification channels is less in the T system than in the surface membrane.
Mentoring and the Dynamics of Affirmative Action

We analyze the long-term workforce composition when the quality of mentoring available to majority and minority juniors depends on their representation in the workforce. A workforce with at least 50 percent majority workers invariably converges to one where the majority is overrepresented relative to the population. To maximize welfare, persistent interventions, such as group-specific fellowships, are often needed, and the optimal workforce may include minority workers of lower innate talent than the marginal majority worker. We discuss the role of mentorship determinants, talent dispersion, the scope of short-term interventions, various policy instruments and contrast our results to the classic fairness narrative. (JEL I20, J15, J16, J24)
A Multicenter Trial of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning for Heart Surgery.

BACKGROUND Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is reported to reduce biomarkers of ischemic and reperfusion injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, but uncertainty about clinical outcomes remains. METHODS We conducted a prospective, double-blind, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial involving adults who were scheduled for elective cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass under total anesthesia with intravenous propofol. The trial compared upper-limb RIPC with a sham intervention. The primary end point was a composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or acute renal failure up to the time of hospital discharge. Secondary end points included the occurrence of any individual component of the primary end point by day 90. RESULTS A total of 1403 patients underwent randomization. The full analysis set comprised 1385 patients (692 in the RIPC group and 693 in the sham-RIPC group). There was no significant between-group difference in the rate of the composite primary end point (99 patients [14.3%] in the RIPC group and 101 [14.6%] in the sham-RIPC group, P=0.89) or of any of the individual components: death (9 patients [1.3%] and 4 [0.6%], respectively; P=0.21), myocardial infarction (47 [6.8%] and 63 [9.1%], P=0.12), stroke (14 [2.0%] and 15 [2.2%], P=0.79), and acute renal failure (42 [6.1%] and 35 [5.1%], P=0.45). The results were similar in the per-protocol analysis. No treatment effect was found in any subgroup analysis. No significant differences between the RIPC group and the sham-RIPC group were seen in the level of troponin release, the duration of mechanical ventilation, the length of stay in the intensive care unit or the hospital, new onset of atrial fibrillation, and the incidence of postoperative delirium. No RIPC-related adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS Upper-limb RIPC performed while patients were under propofol-induced anesthesia did not show a relevant benefit among patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. (Funded by the German Research Foundation; RIPHeart ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01067703.).
TeV mini black hole decay at future colliders

It is generally believed that mini black holes decay by emitting elementary particles with a black body energy spectrum. The original calculation leads to the conclusion that about the 90% of the black hole mass is radiated away in the form of photons, neutrinos and light leptons, mainly electrons and muons. With the advent of string theory, such a scenario must be updated by including new effects coming from the stringy nature of particles and interactions. The main modifications with respect to the original picture of black hole evaporation come from recent developments in non-perturbative string theory globally referred to as TeV-scale gravity. By taking for granted that black holes can be produced in hadronic collisions, then their decay must take into account that: (i) we live in a D3 brane embedded into a higher dimensional bulk spacetime; (ii) fundamental interactions, including gravity, are unified at the TeV energy scale. Thus, the formal description of the Hawking radiation mechanism has to be extended to the case of more than four spacetime dimensions and includes the presence of D-branes. This kind of topological defect in the bulk spacetime fabric acts as a sort of ‘cosmic fly-paper’ trapping electro-weak standard model elementary particles in our (3 + 1)-dimensional universe. Furthermore, unification of fundamental interactions at an energy scale many orders of magnitude lower than the Planck energy implies that any kind of fundamental particle, not only leptons, is expected to be emitted. A detailed understanding of the new scenario is instrumental for optimal tuning of detectors at future colliders, where, hopefully, this exciting new physics will be tested. In this review, we study higher dimensional black hole decay, considering not only the emission of particles according to the Hawking mechanism, but also their near-horizon QED/QCD interactions. The ultimate motivation is to build up a phenomenologically reliable scenario, allowing a clear experimental signature of the event.
Modeling of chemical mechanical polishing for shallow trench isolation

for Shallow Trench Isolation by Terence Gan Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degrees of Bachelor of Science in Electrical Science and Engineering and Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY May 8, 2000 ( Copyright 2000 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved.
Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution

Interpreting key ecological parameters, such as diet, of extinct organisms without the benefit of direct observation or explicit fossil evidence poses a formidable challenge for paleobiological studies. To date, dietary categorizations of extinct taxa are largely generated by means of modern analogs; however, for many species the method is subject to considerable ambiguity. Here we present a refined approach for assessing trophic habits in fossil taxa and apply the method to coelurosaurian dinosaurs—a clade for which diet is particularly controversial. Our findings detect 21 morphological features that exhibit statistically significant correlations with extrinsic fossil evidence of coelurosaurian herbivory, such as stomach contents and a gastric mill. These traits represent quantitative, extrinsically founded proxies for identifying herbivorous ecomorphology in fossils and are robust despite uncertainty in phylogenetic relationships among major coelurosaurian subclades. The distribution of these features suggests that herbivory was widespread among coelurosaurians, with six major subclades displaying morphological evidence of the diet, and that contrary to previous thought, hypercarnivory was relatively rare and potentially secondarily derived. Given the potential for repeated, independent evolution of herbivory in Coelurosauria, we also test for repetitive patterns in the appearance of herbivorous traits within sublineages using rank concordance analysis. We find evidence for a common succession of increasing specialization to herbivory in the subclades Ornithomimosauria and Oviraptorosauria, perhaps underlain by intrinsic functional and/or developmental constraints, as well as evidence indicating that the early evolution of a beak in coelurosaurians correlates with an herbivorous diet.