Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biophysical attributes of an in vitro spinal cord surrogate for use in developing an intradural neuromodulation system

We have developed a spinal cord surrogate for use in testing a pial-surface spinal cord stimulator. Our surrogate is of a commercially available silicone mix, has an oval cross-sectional area that matches that of actual human spinal cord at the lower thoracic level, and has measured values of durometer A = (10.96 ± 1.68), durometer O = (14.76 ± 1.48), and durometer OO = (50.24 ± 2.65). These correspond to model-inferred elastic moduli of 0.41 to 0.44 MPa, which match well with the existing low-strain rate measurements of ex vivo human spinal cord. Upcoming applications for this surrogate in developmental studies of the new stimulator system are discussed.
Numerical approximation of anisotropic geometric evolution equations in the plane

We present a variational formulation of fully anisotropic motion by surface diffusion and mean curvature flow, as well as related flows. The proposed scheme covers both the closed-curve case and the case of curves that are connected via triple junction points. On introducing a parametric finite-element approximation, we prove stability bounds and report on numerical experiments, including regularized crystalline mean curvature flow and regularized crystalline surface diffusion. The presented scheme has very good properties with respect to the distribution of mesh points and, if applicable, area conservation.
Small-stencil 3D schemes for diffusive flows in porous media

In this paper, we study some discretization schemes for diffusing flows in heterogeneous anisotropic porous media. We first introduce the notion of gradient scheme, and show that several existing schemes fall in this framework. Then, we construct two new gradient schemes which have the advantage of a small stencil. Numerical results obtained for real reservoir meshes, show the efficiency of the new schemes, compared to existing ones.
General boundary value problems for elliptic partial differential equations

does not vanish in R for real £? ^0. If R is the closure G of a bounded domain G, we shall say that A is properly elliptic in G if in addition it satisfies at every point x on the boundary G of G (cf. [2; S; 8]). CONDITION 1. For every real vector TT^O parallel to G at x and every real VT^O normal to G at x, the polynomial P{z) = P(x, r-\-zv) has exactly r roots Xfc(r, J>), & = 1, 2, • • • , r, with positive imaginary parts. If n>2, all elliptic operators are properly elliptic. By a boundary operator we shall mean a linear partial differential operator whose coefficients need merely be defined on G. If
Robust output feedback control against disturbance filter uncertainty described by dynamic integral quadratic constraints

Motivated by a robust disturbance rejection problem, in which disturbances are described by an uncertain filter at the plant input, a convex solution is presented for the robust output feedback controller synthesis problem for a particularly structured plant. The uncertainties are characterized by an integral quadratic constraint (IQC) with general frequency‐dependent multipliers. By exploiting the structure of the generalized plant, linear matrix inequality (LMI)‐synthesis conditions are derived in order to guarantee a specified ℒ︁2‐gain or ℋ︁2‐norm performance level, provided that the IQC multipliers are described by LMI constraints. Moreover, it is shown that part of the controller variables can be eliminated. Finally, the rejection of non‐stationary sinusoidal disturbance signals is considered. In a numerical example, it is shown that specifying a bound on the rate‐of‐variation of the time‐varying frequency can improve the performance if compared with the static IQC multipliers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A discrete element modelling of gravity flow in sublevel caving considering the shape and size distribution of particles

ABSTRACT One of the most significant challenges for cave mining methods is dilution, a process which is generally controlled by the gravity flow of caved materials. In this study, the discrete element method (DEM) was used to investigate the effects of changing the porosity of blasted ring material and caved waste rocks and of changing the ring inclination on material flow in a sublevel cave (SLC) mine. Yade software was used to simulate two-dimensional gravity flow in a longitudinal section of the sublevel while taking into consideration the shape and size distribution of the flowing rock particles. Four simulations were generated with different porosities, and the material flow in the models was compared to each other. The results demonstrate that when ring porosity is increased, dilution decreases, and the height of the extraction zone grows longitudinally. Also, a lower porosity of the blasted ore material in the ring can cause early dilution entry and expansion of the extraction zone towards the caved waste. Finally, the effect of ring inclination on the material flow and dilution was investigated. The results of these simulations show an increased dilution as the ring inclination increases and a change in the shape of the extraction zone.
The vibrational analysis and experimental verification of a plane electrical machine stator model

Abstract The vibrational behaviour of the laminated stator of an electrical machine is quite different from that of a homogeneous solid cylinder, which is often used as a model for the purpose of predicting the natural frequencies. The purpose of this paper is to present a study of the effect of laminations on the vibrations of a stator. Based on both analytical results obtained for solid circular annular plates and experimental results of solid and laminated circular annular plates, it is found that the vibrational behaviour of an assembly of laminated circular annular plates, such as a stator, is dominated by that of an individual component of the assembly. The effect of laminations on the transverse vibrational modes is much greater than on the in-plane vibrational modes. As the clamping pressure or the number of the plates increases the transverse modes disappear gradually leaving the in-plane vibrations as the dominant vibrations. Hence, the plane model is a more efficient model than the solid cylinder model, because such a model excludes all of the other modes, predicted by the homogeneous cylinder theory, which are not found experimentally when an actual stator is tested.
A continuous wave non-contact diffuse optical tomographic measurement system and the corresponding image reconstruction algorithm for dense sampling data

In this paper, we constructed a continuous wave non-contact diffuse optical tomography (DOT) system for the dense sampling of both the illumination and detection by using a laser raster scanning and a CCD-based data acquisition. For dealing with the large size of measurement data obtained from the non-contact system, a fast tomographic image reconstruction scheme for reconstructing the absorption coefficient of a slab is developed. The proposed algorithm is carried out with the spatial-frequency encoding in both the measurement and the image spaces, and involves a strategy for selecting the useful spatial frequency based on the transfer function of tissue. Dense sampling offers an effective way of improving the image reconstruction performances and the developed algorithm is expected to considerably reduce the calculation time for reconstruction whilst retain the quality of the reconstructed images. Reconstructions from the experimental data show that the inversion scheme developed in this paper can get an absorption image within 20s, which has higher quality than those reconstructed in several hours by using the conventional reconstruction method.
On-site spectroscopy as a tool for monitoring phytoremediation by ferns of arsenic contaminated water

Arsenic (As) is recognized as one of the main toxicants worldwide. Arsenic in the environment can be due to natural sources such as the weathering of rocks and volcanic material, but its presence is increasing due to anthropogenic activities such as the use of pesticides, industrial waste and smelting. The accumulation of this heavy metal in the biosphere produces serious effects on the environment and health. Nowadays, the removal of As from drinking water to respect the law limit involves high costs filtering systems. Therefore, a low cost and eco-sustainable strategy based on the use of ferns for phytodepuration of As-contaminated groundwater was developed. The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of monitoring, by spectroscopy working in the Vis–SWIR regions (350 – 2500 nm), the phytoextraction capacity of the hyper-accumulator Pteris vittata fern, hydroponically grown in greenhouse conditions. The proposed approach is non-destructive, being based on the acquisition of spectroscopic data on fern leaves, followed by chemometric analysis. Reflectance spectra were acquired by a portable spectrophotoradiometer (ASD FieldSpec® 4 Standard–Res). Comparative evaluations were then performed analyzing Pteris vittata leaves (fronds) collected from plants grown on both As contaminated and not contaminated water. The achieved results are very promising for the further development of a full on-site scale monitoring of the phytoremediation process.
Unsteady Rotor Heat Transfer in a Transonic Turbine Stage

ABSTRACT This experimental investigation reports the convective heat transfer coefficient around the rotor of a transonic turbine stage. Both time-resolved and time-averaged aspects are addressed. The measurements are performed around the rotor blade at 15%, 50% and 85% span as well as on the rotor tip and the hub platform. Four operating conditions are tested covering two Reynolds numbers and three pressure ratios. The tests are performed in the compression tube turbine test rig CT3 of the von Karman Institute, allowing a correct simulation of the operating conditions encountered in modern aero-engines. The time-averaged Nusselt number distribution shows the strong dependence on both blade Mach number distribution and Reynolds number. The time-resolved heat transfer rate is mostly dictated by the vane trailing edge shock impingement on the rotor boundary layer. The shock passage corresponds to a sudden heat transfer increase. The effects are more pronounced in the leading edge region. The increase of the stage pressure ratio causes a stronger vane trailing edge shock and thus larger heat transfer fluctuations. The influence of the Reynolds number is hardly visible.
Adaptively determining regularisation parameters in non-local total variation regularisation for image denoising

A non-local selection scheme of regularisation parameters is exploited for non-local total variation (NLTV) regularisation, based on a content-aware function that can determine regularisation parameters through discriminating image contents, with the aid of a non-local structure tensor calculated using the weights from the original NLTV. Experimental results on simulated and real noisy images show the relatively good performance of the proposed scheme based on NLTV, in terms of visual improvement and peak signal-to-noise ratio value.
On the Gel'fand-Calderón inverse problem in two dimensions

We prove uniqueness and stability for the inverse boundary value problem of the two dimensional Schr\"odinger equation. We do not assume the potentials to be continuous or even bounded. Instead, we assume that some of their positive fractional derivatives are in a specific Lorentz space. These spaces are a natural generalization to the usual fractional Sobolev spaces. The thesis consists of two parts. In the first part, we define the generalized fractional Sobolev spaces and prove some of their properties including embeddings and interpolation identities. In particular we sharpen the usual Sobolev embedding into the space of H\"older-continuous functions, by showing that a particular kind of space embeds into the space of continuous functions without any modulus of continuity. The inverse problem is considered in the second part of the thesis. We prove a new Carleman estimate for $\partial$. This estimate has a fast decay rate, which will allow us to consider potentials with very low regularity. After that we use Bukhgeim's oscillating exponential solutions, Alessandrini's identity and stationary phase to get information about the difference of the potentials from the difference of the Cauchy data. The stability estimate will be of logarithmic type, but works with potentials of low regularity.
Unmanned aerial system‐based high‐throughput phenotyping for plant breeding

Unmanned aerial systems (UASs) have increased our capacity for collecting finer spatiotemporal resolution data that were previously unobtainable through conventional methods. The use of UAS for obtaining high‐throughput phenotyping (HTP) data in plant breeding programs has gained popularity in recent years. The integrity and quality of the raw data are essential for ensuring the accuracy of predictive tools and proper interpretation of the data. This paper summarizes the standard operation procedures for high‐quality UAS data collection, processing, and analysis for UAS‐based HTP (UAS‐HTP). Plant breeders can follow these procedures to implement a UAS‐HTP system in their germplasm enhancement and cultivar development programs.
Treatment of Color Filter Wastewater by Fresnel Lens Enhanced Solar Photo-Fenton Process

Treatment of color filter wastewater using solar photo-Fenton process enhanced by high-concentrating Fresnel lens was investigated in this paper. Optimal reaction conditions based on response surface methodology (RSM) were established as under an initial pH of 5, a [H2O2]0/COD0 ratio of 1~1.35 and a [H2O2]0/[Fe2
High-energy neutrino emission from shell-type supernova remnants

Based on a time-dependent model of particle production and non-thermal photon emission, we study high-energy neutrino emission from shell-type supernova remnants (SNRs). In such a model, particles are accelerated to relativistic energies through the shock acceleration mechanism and evolve with time in an SNR. For a given SNR, therefore, the temporal evolution of the particle energy distribution, the non-thermal spectrum of photons, and the spectrum of neutrinos can be calculated numerically. We apply the model to two young SNRs, G347.3−0.5 and G266.2−1.2, and two old ones, G8.7−0.1 and G23.3−0.3. For each SNR, we determine the parameters involved in the model by comparing the predicted non-thermal spectrum with the observed radio, X-ray and γ-ray data. We study the properties of the corresponding neutrino emission, including the neutrino spectrum and the event rates expected in the next-generation km 3 -scale neutrino telescope, KM3NeT. Our results indicate that the high-energy TeV γ-rays from the four SNRs are produced predominately via hadronic interaction and that young SNRs such as G266.2−1.2 and G347.3−0.5 are the potential neutrino sources whose neutrinos are most likely to be identified by next-generation km 3 neutrino telescopes.
Impurity and interfacial effects on the formation of amorphous Si from the melt

Amorphous Si has been formed from the melt by the UV laser heating of surface layers of single crystal (111) Si. The single crystals were doped with As, Bi, In, or Te to concentrations of approximately one part in 103. For the same quenching rates, the amorphous layers produced on the doped Si were substantially thicker than those on pure Si. Maximum amorphous thicknesses of 1200 A were obtained. The amorphization phenomena are correlated with melt depths and interfacial segregation effects.
High Step-Up Gain Converter Based on Two-Phase Interleaved Coupled Inductor Without Right-Hand Plane Zero

This article proposed a novel two-phase interleaved coupled inductor (CI)-based high step-up gain converter without right half-plane (RHP) zeros for a wide operating range of duty cycle. A CI between input and output is used in the proposed converter to eliminate RHP zero. The energy of CI is transferred to an output capacitor when switch is on to eliminate RHP zero. Furthermore, the converter has a wide operating range to eliminate RHP zero with a coefficient coupling of CI near one. Thus, the converter achieves a higher bandwidth and a wide range of control over output voltage. The small-signal model of the proposed converter is derived to verify the proposed claim. The single-loop voltage control is sufficient to regulate output voltage of the converter with a good stability margin and faster dynamic response for a wide range of load changes. In addition, the proposed converter has a high-voltage step-up gain and low voltage stress on switching devices compared with the boost converter. Moreover, interleaved operation at input side reduces ripple and increases power density. All theoretical findings are verified by simulation and experimental results. Experimental results are provided from implemented laboratory prototype of an input voltage of 24 V to an output voltage of 100 V and 200 W power.
An optimal model for classification of lung cancer using grey wolf optimizer and deep hybrid learning

In recent years, metaheuristic methods have shown major advantages in the field of feature selection due to its comprehensibility and possible extensive search competence. However, the majority of evolutionary computation-based feature selection algorithms in use today are wrapper approaches, which are expensive to compute, particularly for extensive biomedical data. Developing an effective evaluation strategy is crucial for significant reduction of computational cost. The proposed framework extracts deep feature from ResNet-50 and VGG-16 based convolutional neural models with initial segmentation process based on marker-controlled watershed method. Next the feature reduction is a two-fold approach with principal component analysis applied to reduce the dimensionality of large feature space from convolutional neural network (CNN) models as first step. The second step is optimal feature subset selection using a swarm intelligence method referred as modified grey wolf optimization. Finally, the selected feature subset is fed to various machine learning classifiers. The experimental result reveals that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other state-of-the-art methods with classification accuracy of 96.56%, thus upholding the dependability of the approach.
The discrete logarithm problem for exponents of bounded height

Let G be a cyclic group written multiplicatively (and represented in some concrete way). Let n be a positive integer (much smaller than the order of G). Let g, h ∈ G. The bounded height discrete logarithm problem is the task of finding positive integers a and b (if they exist) such that a 6 n, b 6 n and g = h. (Provided that b is coprime to the order of g, we have h = g where a/b is a rational number of height at most n. This motivates the terminology.) The paper provides a reduction to the two-dimensional discrete logarithm problem, so the bounded height discrete logarithm problem can be solved using a low-memory heuristic algorithm for the two-dimensional discrete logarithm problem due to Gaudry and Schost. The paper also provides a low-memory heuristic algorithm to solve the bounded height discrete logarithm problem in a generic group directly, without using a reduction to the two-dimensional discrete logarithm problem. This new algorithm is inspired by (but differs from) the Gaudry– Schost algorithm. Both algorithms use O(n) group operations, but the new algorithm is faster and simpler than the Gaudry–Schost algorithm when used to solve the bounded height discrete logarithm problem. Like the Gaudry–Schost algorithm, the new algorithm can easily be carried out in a distributed fashion. The bounded height discrete logarithm problem is relevant to a class of attacks on the privacy of a key establishment protocol recently published by EMVCo for comment. This protocol is intended to protect the communications between a chip-based payment card and a terminal using elliptic curve cryptography. The paper comments on the implications of these attacks for the design of any final version of the EMV protocol.
Enhancing light extraction efficiency of GaN-based light-emitting diodes with reticulated photonic crystals

Abstract. We have proposed reticulated photonic crystals (PhCs) on the top surface of conventional light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to increase the light extraction efficiency (LEE). The rigorous electromagnetic simulations based on the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method were carried out to investigate the optical properties of reticulated PhCs LEDs and mechanisms of reticulated PhCs improving the LEE of LEDs. Results from these simulations showed that more than 115% enhancement of LEE had been achieved for LEDs with reticulated PhCs period of 200 nm and depth of 200 nm. This study provides an innovative approach to the creation of high-efficiency LEDs of the upcoming generation.
A characterisation of common diagonal stability over cones

In this article, a general notion of common diagonal Lyapunov matrix is formulated for a collection of n × n matrices A 1, … , A s , and cones k 1, … , k s in ℝ n . Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the existence of a common diagonal Lyapunov matrix in this setting. The conditions are similar to and extend the well-known criteria for the case s = 1, k 1 = ℝ n .
Physical Analysis of a Waterproof Temperature Sensor Responsiveness for Agricultural Applications

This work analysis the responsiveness, accuracy and precision of a low-cost waterproof temperature sensor model DS18B20 and shows that simple procedures can allow these parameters analysis for other common temperature sensors. The water temperature is a parameter highly relevant for agriculture and aquaculture, and besides it has scientific, social and economic aspects that justify the present work, whose results are presented with quantitative parameters and justified according to solid measurement theories. This sensor has a digital design and requires only a very simple hardware to allow its connection to processors and, besides, it presented a very good accuracy and precision in the work tests.
Useful Modifications to some Unit Root Tests with Dependent Errors and their Local Asymptotic Properties

Many unit root tests have distorted sizes when the root of the error process is close to the unit circle. This paper analyses the properties of the Phillips-Perron tests and some of their variants in the problematic parameter space. We use local asymptotic analyses to explain why the Phillips-Perron tests suffer from severe size distortions regardless of the choice of the spectral density estimator but that the modified statistics show dramatic improvements in size when used in conjunction with a particular formulation an autoregressive spectral density estimator. We explain why kernel based spectral density estimators aggravate the size problem in the Phillips-Perron tests and yield no size improvement to the modified statistics. The local asymptotic power of the modified statistics are also evaluated. These modified statistics are recommended as being useful in empirical work since they are free of the size problems which have plagued many unit root tests, and they retain respectable power.