Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Profiling of a Saharan dust outbreak based on a synergy between active and passive remote sensing

[1] Spaceborne lidars will give a new view of the vertical distribution of atmospheric aerosols and clouds. CALIPSO will be launched in the fall of 2004 and will provide, for the first time, a global picture of the profile of atmospheric scattering layers using an onboard lidar radiated at 0.532 and 1.064 μm. CALIPSO will fly in an orbital formation with passive radiometers, such as the Moderate resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) and the Polarization and Directionality of Earth's Reflectance (POLDER) instruments, that monitor Earth's atmosphere. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the improvement in retrieval capabilities of profiles of aerosol optical properties using a synergy between passive and active (lidar) remote sensing techniques. Aerosol properties derived from the MODIS spectroradiometer are used to constrain the inversion of the lidar signal in terms of aerosol optical thickness and effective radius. We use the lidar spectral backscattering coefficient between 0.532 and 1.064 μm to determine the profile of backscatter-to-extinction ratio. The effective radius of an assumed bimodal aerosol size distribution is then retrieved as a function of the altitude. A sensitivity analysis demonstrates the robustness of the inversion procedure in case of noise detection and calibration error. The algorithm has been tested during the Saharan dust experiment, which took place in the northeastern tropical Atlantic in September 2000. The vertical profile of extinction compares well with in situ measurements of the aerosol extinction. Profiles derived from lidar measurements on 25 September highlight the presence of the Saharan air layer located between 2.2 and 4.5 km with particle effective radii of 1.19 ± 0.6 μm. Another dust layer within the sub-Saharan transition layer over the marine boundary layer is also observed, with particle radii significantly smaller than within the Saharan air layer.
Improving vertical GaN p–n diode performance with room temperature defect mitigation

Defect mitigation of electronic devices is conventionally achieved using thermal annealing. To mobilize the defects, very high temperatures are necessary. Since thermal diffusion is random in nature, the process may take a prolonged period of time. In contrast, we demonstrate a room temperature annealing technique that takes only a few seconds. The fundamental mechanism is defect mobilization by atomic scale mechanical force originating from very high current density but low duty cycle electrical pulses. The high-energy electrons lose their momentum upon collision with the defects, yet the low duty cycle suppresses any heat accumulation to keep the temperature ambient. For a 7 × 105 A cm−2 pulsed current, we report an approximately 26% reduction in specific on-resistance, a 50% increase of the rectification ratio with a lower ideality factor, and reverse leakage current for as-fabricated vertical geometry GaN p–n diodes. We characterize the microscopic defect density of the devices before and after the room temperature processing to explain the improvement in the electrical characteristics. Raman analysis reveals an improvement in the crystallinity of the GaN layer and an approximately 40% relaxation of any post-fabrication residual strain compared to the as-received sample. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and geometric phase analysis results of high-resolution TEM images further confirm the effectiveness of the proposed room temperature annealing technique to mitigate defects in the device. No detrimental effect, such as diffusion and/or segregation of elements, is observed as a result of applying a high-density pulsed current, as confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy mapping.
Analysis of Distributed Algorithms for Big-Data

The parallel and distributed processing are becoming de facto industry standard, and a large part of the current research is targeted on how to make computing scalable and distributed, dynamically, without allocating the resources on permanent basis. The present article focuses on the study and performance of distributed and parallel algorithms their file systems, to achieve scalability at local level (OpenMP platform), and at global level where computing and file systems are distributed. Various applications, algorithms, file systems have been used to demonstrate the areas and their performance studies have been presented. The systems and applications chosen here are of open-source nature, due to their wider applicability.
Docentstrategieën voor online gemeenschapsvorming in het hoger onderwijs: een systematische review

Een gevoel van saamhorigheid onder studenten en tussen studenten en docenten is belangrijk voor goed onderwijs, ook voor online onderwijs. Door de plotselinge overschakeling naar afstandsonderwijs tijdens de coronacrisis worstelden docenten met het creëren van gemeenschappen. Betekenisvolle verbindingen en betrokkenheid tussen docenten en studenten ontstonden moeizaam. Deze systematische review van onderzoek naar strategieën voor gemeenschapsvorming in het online hoger onderwijs bundelt de kennis over dit onderwerp en presenteert praktijkgerichte adviezen voor docenten. Zevenentwintig artikelen zijn geïncludeerd in onze reviewstudie. In de analyse komen vier thema’s naar voren: (1) pedagogisch-didactische strategieën, (2) sociale interacties, (3) leeromgeving en (4) differentiatie. Om sterke online leergemeenschappen te verwezenlijken zijn ruimte en aandacht voor gemeenschapsvorming, goede communicatie en een gevoel van nabijheid de belangrijkste kernstrategieën voor docenten. Nadrukkelijk bewustzijn van het belang van gemeenschapszin is nodig om in online onderwijs gemeenschappen te kunnen vormen.
Age and growth determination of the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, from the east coast of South Africa

The white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, is found worldwide in cold and temperate coastal and shelf waters (Compagno, 1984). As a large, uncommon apex predator, it has received considerable attention from scientists over the past few years. Because of its great resale value, compared with most
Addressing the Issues and Developments Correlated with Envisaged 5G Mobile Technologies: Comprehensive Solutions

Fifth Generation (5G) communications are regarded as the cornerstone to household consumer experience improvements and smart manufacturing revolution from the standpoint of industries’ objectives. It is anticipated that Envisaged 5G (E5G) mobile technology would be operational in certain developed countries by 2023. The Internet of Things (IoTs) will transform how humans live when combined with smart and integrated sensing devices, such as in-home sensing devices. Recent research is being carried out all over the world to produce a new technique that can be crucial in the success of the anticipated 5G mobile technology. High output, reduced latency, highly reliable, greater scalability, high performance, capacity, bandwidth efficiency, virtual open-air transmission, and efficient energy mobile wireless communications are all being investigated currently. In this work, a comprehensive path for addressing the difficulties and developments associated with 5G mobile technology is provided. The debate and description of a complete analysis of current situations, certain characteristics and prospective scenarios, important technologies, problems and advances, and spectrum allocation of envisioned 5G mobile technologies are provided. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the most notable elements of 5G mobile technology, such as Cognitive Radio (CR), flexibility, accessibility, and cloud-based service offers, which will assure 5G mobile technology’s dominance as the main protocol for international communication. Eventually, this paper provides a method for integrating CR with current wireless communication systems, the necessity for further evolution of the E5G network, and the need for comprehensive consideration of architecture evolution and function enhancement to enhance the E5G mobile technologies.
Imaging Evaluation of Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Post-Exodontic Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review

Tooth extraction is the most common procedure in dental practice. However, in the long term, it may cause alveolar ridge atrophy. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the role of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in post-exodontic alveolar ridge preservation in terms of its effectiveness in the regeneration of bone tissue as assessed by imaging and its efficacy compared to physiological bone healing. The study is presented in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. This systematic review was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The gray literature search was conducted in the New York Academy of Medicine Grey Literature Report. All the studies in this systematic review were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The risk of bias was performed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 6.2 (RevMan 6.2). Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included 17 randomized clinical trials published up to 2022 investigating the efficacy of PRF in post-exodontic bone regeneration. Based on the results of clinical studies, it can be stated that despite not being statistically significant, PRF promotes neoformation and prevents bone loss between three and four months post-extraction.
High Values of the Arctic Amplification in the Early Decades of the 21st Century: Causes of Discrepancy by CMIP6 Models Between Observation and Simulation

Arctic Amplification (AA) in the first decade of the 21st century has reached values between 4 and 5, with a subsequent decrease to current values of about 3.6, while the value was from 2 to 3 during the twentieth century. The ensemble mean of the CMIP6 models has difficulty in reproducing the recently observed high values of the AA. In this report, we identify the main reason for this difficulty to be the CMIP6 models overestimate of the mean global temperature trend since about 1990. The largest values of the AA are observed in winter and spring. A sharp AA peak in 1987 spring was caused by a peak in the Arctic temperature trend occurring at the same time as a dip in the trend of mean global temperature. The winter AA has increased almost monotonically since 1990. Dividing the AA between the Arctic land and ocean areas shows that the ocean area makes a larger contribution to the AA. Our future projection of the AA suggests an increasing AA for about the next decade, followed by a slow decrease to about 3.5 in the 2050s.
The Effectiveness of Learning Media and Discourse Markers Mastery on Students’ Speaking Skill

Teachers must consider the most efficient use of speaking learning media in order to produce students with enhanced speaking skills through mastery of various discourse markers. This study examines the effectiveness of two speaking learning media, Scrabble Word (SW) and flashcards, among students with varying levels of discourse marker mastery. This quasi-experimental study employed a 2x2 factorial design. During the learning period, 100 students were divided into two groups and given SW or flashcards as instructional media. sampling technique using random sampling. Data was collected using tests of speaking ability and familiarity with various discourse markers. The results demonstrate that the speaking skills of students with varying degrees of DM mastery who use SW learning media are superior to those of students who use flashcard learning media. Students with a high level of discourse mastery and access to SW learning media demonstrated an improvement in their speaking abilities. This is evidenced by the values of Fo = 7.911 and Sig. 0.005<0.05; consequently, SW can be an effective and enjoyable tool for teaching speaking.
Tourism Planning in Developing the Tourism Potential of The Pusuk Buhit Area in Samosir Regency

The grouping of existing tourism potential in the Pusuk Buhit area must be carried out in several stages of assessment or measurement as described in the Regional Long-Term Medium-Term Plan (RPJMD) of Samosir Regency for 2016-2021. the need for tourist facilities and tourist attractions of interest. The development of tourism potential carried out in the Pusuk Buhit area has not been realized optimally due to the incompatibility of grouping and planning in the development of tourism areas. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the tourism potential that can be developed in the Pusuk Buhit area through tourism planning. The analysis used in this research is qualitative analysis. The result of this research is the existence of tourism potential in the Pusuk Buhit area that can be mapped so that it can be developed according to the planning perspective and can realize superior and competitive tourism. The development of tourism potential is also a follow-up to policies that regulate the overall tourism potential in Samosir Regency, namely Samosir Regent Decree Number 474 of 2017 concerning Determination of Criteria and Classification of Tourism Objects in Samosir Regency. This policy aims to make it easier to classify tourism potential in Samosir Regency, including those in the Pusuk Buhit Area
Systematic Variation of Sr-, Nd- and Pb- Isotopes with Time in Lavas of Mauritius, Reunion Hotspot

We report Sr-, Nd- and Pb-isotopic compositions for the lavas of Mauritius, the second youngest volcanic island in the Reunion hotspot. The lavas of the Older Series (7·8–5·5 Ma) have identical isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr = 0·70411 to 0·70422,143Nd/144Nd = 0·512865 to 0·512854, and 206Pb/204Pb = 19·016 to 19·041) to those of Reunion, where the center of volcanic activity is currently located. The lavas of the Intermediate Series (3·5–1·9 Ma) and Younger Series (0·70–0·17 Ma) are shifted to lower Sr-isotopic compositions (0·70364–0·70394, with 143Nd/144Nd = 0·512813 to 0·512948 and 206Pb/204Pb = 18·794 to 18·984). The Intermediate Series lavas have similar trace-element characteristics (e.g. Zr–Nb, Ba–Y) to those of Rodrigues, in both cases requiring the involvement of an enriched mantle-like component in the mantle source. During the volcanic history of Mauritius, the magmas lost the principal isotopic characteristics of the Reunion hotspot with time, and became gradually imprinted with the isotopic signature of a shallower mantle source that produced the Central Indian Ridge basalts.
Significance of technological progress and capital formation to expand foreign direct investment in Bangladesh: Does money circulation matter?

Abstract The key objective of this study is to investigate how capital formation and technological advancement affect foreign direct investment (FDI) generation in Bangladesh and whether money circulation has a positive or negative impact on FDI. This study has used time series data from 1972–2021, and the result of the unit root test indicates an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model because of stationarity at levels I(0) and I(1). The cointegration test confirms the cointegration among the variables: in the short run and long run, capital formation and technological advancement have a positive impact on FDI; on the other hand, money circulation discourages FDI because of its negative coefficient. The speed of adjustment (CointEq(−1)) is 0.28%, which indicates the estimation moves toward an equilibrium condition from a disequilibrium condition. Causality shows there is bidirectional causality between FDI and money circulation, unidirectional causality between technology and FDI, bidirectional causality between money circulation and capital formation, and unidirectional causality between technology and capital formation. This finding suggests that capital formation should be a great consideration, and technology is also required to expand FDI volume. Further study would include considering other macroeconomic variables such as labor, human resources, and energy issues.
Inter‐comparison and evaluation of global sea surface temperature products

To clarify the characteristics of global sea surface temperature (SST) products, we have compared the Reynolds product with four other products: the Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Studies (CAOS) SST, the microwave optimum interpolation (MWOI) SST, the merged satellite and in‐situ data global daily (MGD) SST and the real time global (RTG) SST. Furthermore, we have validated these five products with SST data observed by moored buoys. The CAOS SST and the MWOI SST show significant underestimation in several regions. The underestimation is related to the characteristics of the original microwave data. It should be noted that the MGD SST provides the best statistics, although the high‐frequency variations are removed by a low‐pass filter. Moreover, we have investigated the impact of the differences between the SST products on estimated latent heat flux. In regions with strong SST gradients, the average differences are significantly large.
Hardware Constructions for Error Detection in WG-29 Stream Cipher Benchmarked on FPGA

WG-29 is a Welch-Gong (WG) stream cipher, implemented in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$GF (2^{29})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and an 11-stage LFSR, whose polynomial-basis (PB)-based architecture is utilized in diverse applications. This work, for the first time, presents low-cost normal signature, interleaved signature, and Hamming code-based error detection mechanisms for the hardware implementations of PB-based WG-29 stream cipher. The presented schemes are benchmarked on field-programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware platform using Kintex-7 and Spartan-7 FPGA families for area <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(< 40\%)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, power <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(< 12\%)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and delay <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(< 10\%)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> overheads. Using a faulty module to inject stuck-at single bit and multiple bit upsets, the error coverage for these presented schemes is evaluated via simulations performed in Xilinx Vivado for 80 000 faults and shown to be over 99.99%. The overhead and error simulation results for the presented schemes show that they provide high-error coverage with acceptable overheads to make hardware constructions of WG-29 more reliable. Other WG ciphers that have similar underlying primitives can also benefit from the presented work, with slight modifications, for secure hardware implementations.
Combining convolutional neural networks and spatial-channel “squeeze and excitation” block for multiple-label image classification

In emergency rooms and intensive care units, catheters and tubes are used to keep critically ill patients alive. Appropriate catheter or tube insertion is crucial to avoiding serious complications. Such issues can be rectified if they are identified early. Chest X-rays are commonly used to assess catheter placement. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have recently been found to enhance multi-label classification tasks on chest X-rays images. Furthermore, attention modules have shown the effect of enhancing spatial encoding on network feature maps. This research analyzed the experiments of each CNN model with different attention blocks. Resnet200D with batch normalization and spatial-channel squeeze and excitation block (BN+scSE) is the best architecture for multiple-label image classification on a chest X-rays dataset from National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (NIH) with multiple catheters and tubes. Then came EfficientNetB5 with BN+scSE and Inception_v3 with spatial squeeze and channel excitation block, respectively.
Assessing Barriers to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination in At-Risk Rural Communities of Western North Carolina, United States

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among adolescents in rural, western North Carolina (NC) remains suboptimal. Data are needed to understand the barriers to HPV vaccination in these communities. We conducted a cross-sectional pilot study of parental attitudes and provider practices regarding HPV vaccination in rural western NC counties with lower HPV vaccination rates. Eight health department clinics were enrolled in the study. Further, 29 provider and 32 parent surveys were analyzed along with environmental scans. Median provider comfort regarding knowledge of HPV-associated diseases was 85% (IQR = 75–95), on a scale of 0–100% (100% representing complete comfort). Median parental comfort level regarding knowledge of HPV-associated diseases and the HPV vaccine was 75% (IQR = 50–89) and 75% (IQR = 49–96), respectively. Less than 25% of parents rated the HPV vaccine as ‘extremely effective’ against genital (16.7%) and anal cancers (17.9%). Parents were more likely to rate the vaccine as ‘extremely effective’ to ‘very effective’ if their child was female. There was no significant difference between parental- and provider-reported comfort with knowledge about HPV-associated diseases (p = 0.0725) and the HPV vaccine (p = 0.167). This study identified multiple opportunities to increase HPV vaccine coverage among unvaccinated adolescents at parental, provider, and clinic levels. Health education of rural NC residents and providers in public health settings may identify future interventions to increase HPV vaccine uptake.
Rediscovering the Particle-in-a-Box: Machine Learning Regression Analysis for Hypothesis Generation in Physical Chemistry Lab

Given the growing prevalence of computational methods in chemistry, it is essential that undergraduate curricula introduce students to these approaches. One such area is the application of machine learning (ML) techniques to chemistry. Here we describe a new activity that applies ML regression analysis to the common physical chemistry laboratory experiment on the electronic absorption spectra of cyanine dyes. In the classic version of this experiment, students collect experimental spectra and interpret them using the Kuhn free electron model, based on the quantum mechanical particle-in-a-box (PIB). Our new computational activity has students train regression models of increasing complexity to predict the wavelength of maximum absorption for different cyanine dyes using a set of 13 molecular features. In addition, the activity introduces methods for evaluating and interpreting regression models. Ultimately, students are prompted to use their regression analysis results to generate hypotheses for what molecular properties underlie cyanine dye absorption, leading them naturally to the PIB model. In this report, we provide a dataset, reference code implementations in Mathematica and Python notebooks, and an example lab protocol with an introduction to cyanine dyes and the ML techniques. This activity can be completed in a single 3-hour lab period by upper-level undergraduate students with relatively little prior programming experience. Although intended to complement the experimental measurement of cyanine dye spectra, this activity can also be performed on its own; alternatively, it can form the basis of more involved projects in a computational chemistry or ML course. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The Considerations of Trustworthy AI Components in Generative AI; A Letter to Editor

Dear Editor: In navigating the ever-expanding realms of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across diverse domains, particularly within the purviews of Generative AI, it becomes imperative to delve into the intricate considerations of trustworthy AI components [1]. This letter aims to underscore the salient aspects of this discussion with a specific focus on the thematic areas championed by the journal.