Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Econometric inflation targeting

Models in the literature on inflation targeting are mostly theoretical or calibrated, even though inflation targeting requires inflation forecasts. The motivation for this paper is therefore threefold: foremost we want to build an econometric model for forecasting inflation in Norway--one economy recently opting for formal inflation targeting rather than a managed nominal exchange rate. Next, we want to quantify the relative importance of the different transmission mechanisms--with basis in empirical estimates rather than calibrated values. Finally, we want to focus on and exploit econometric issues required in the design and estimation of econometric models used for inflation forecasting and policy analysis. Copyright Royal Economic Society, 2003
Health Literacy and Adherence to Clinical Recommendations in Head and Neck Cancer

Background: After definitive cancer treatment, survivors of head and neck cancer (HNC) are commonly recommended to participate in therapies aimed at reducing the burden of treatment-related side effects. Objective: In this study, we evaluated whether adherence to referral to physical therapy (PT) and speech-language pathology therapy (SLPT) is related to patient health literacy (HL). Methods: This is a retrospective cohort analysis of patients attending a multidisciplinary HNC survivorship clinic between 2017 and 2019. HL was measured using the Brief Health Literacy Screen, with scores below 10 indicating inadequate HL. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to evaluate the association between HL and adherence to PT or SLPT referral. Key Results: From the overall cohort (N = 454), 80 patients (18%) had inadequate HL. Compared to those with adequate HL, patients with inadequate HL were significantly less likely to complete initial PT evaluation (74% vs. 58%, p = .034) but were not significantly less likely to complete initial SLPT evaluation (70% vs. 61%, p = .37). After adjusting for age, primary tumor site, and treatment stage, we found that patients with inadequate HL were half as likely to follow up for initial PT evaluation (odds ratio 0.45, p = .032). Conclusion: Overall, inadequate HL is associated with reduced adherence to PT but is not associated with adherence to SLPT among HNC survivors. These results highlight the clinical importance of HL and underscore the need for interventions to facilitate adherence to treatment for patients with inadequate HL. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2023;7(1):e52–e60. ]
A Two-Dimensional Study of Finite Amplitude Sound Waves in a Trumpet Using the Discontinuous Galerkin Method

A model for nonlinear sound wave propagation for the trumpet is proposed. Experiments have been carried out to measure the sound pressure waveforms of the and notes played forte. We use these pressure measurements at the mouthpiece as an input for the proposed model. The compressible Euler equations are used to incorporate nonlinear wave propagation and compressibility effects. The equations of motion are solved using the discontinuous Galerkin method (DGM) and the suitability of this method is assessed. The third spatial dimension is neglected and the consequences for such an assumption are examined. The numerical experiments demonstrate the validity of this approach. We obtain a good match between experimental and numerical data after the dimensionality of the problem is taken into account.
Materials Adherence Experiment: Technology

NASA`s Mars Pathfinder mission, launched December 4, 1996, reflects a new philosophy of exploiting new technologies to reduce mission cost and accelerate the pace of space exploration. Pathfinder will demonstrate a variety of new technologies aimed at reducing the cost of Mars exploration. Chief among these will be the demonstration of a solar-powered spacecraft on the surface of Mars. The Materials Adherence Experiment on Pathfinder was designed to measure the degradation of solar arrays due to dust settling out of the atmosphere and blocking light to the solar array, lowering the array power output.
On the current sheet model with κ distribution

The present paper (re)derives current sheet equilibrium solutions on the basis of the so-called κ distribution functions for the particles. The present work builds upon a recent paper [W. -Z. Fu and L. -N. Hau, Phys. Plasmas 12, 070701 (2005)], where the authors formulated the equilibrium current sheet model with the κ distribution. According to their work, however, the global temperature profile monotonically increases in the asymptotic regime. In the present paper it is shown that the presence of a finite stationary background population of the particles arrests the unlimited increase of the global temperature profile in the asymptotic limit. The present paper further extends the analysis by considering a current sheet model where the electron current is embedded within a thicker ion current layer, and where there exists a weak electrostatic potential drop across the current sheet.
Active diagnosis of discrete-event systems

The need for accurate and timely diagnosis of system failures and the advantages of automated diagnostic systems are well appreciated. However, diagnosability considerations are often not explicitly taken into account in the system design. In particular, design of the controller and that of the diagnostic subsystem are decoupled, and this may significantly affect the diagnosability properties of a system. The authors present an integrated approach to control and diagnosis. More specifically, they present an approach for the design of diagnosable systems by appropriate design of the system controller. This problem, which they refer to as the active diagnosis problem, is studied in the framework of discrete-event systems (DESs); it is based on prior and new results on the theory of diagnosis for DESs and on existing results in supervisory control under partial observations. They formulate the active diagnosis problem as a supervisory control problem where the legal language is an "appropriate" regular sublanguage of the regular language generated by the system. They present an iterative procedure for determining the supremal controllable, observable, and diagnosable sublanguage of the legal language and for obtaining the supervisor that synthesizes this language. This procedure provides both a controller that ensures diagnosability of the closed-loop system and a diagnoser for online failure diagnosis. The procedure can be implemented using finite-state machines and is guaranteed to converge in a finite number of iterations. The authors illustrate their approach using a simple pump-valve system.
A pulsed EPR spectrometer

A pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer is described, and applications of the instrument to the determination of longitudinal relaxation times of dilute solutions of free radicals and of spin‐labeled proteins using the saturation‐recovery method are discussed. The spectrometer employs a bimodal cavity; the pumping and observing microwave powers are coherent; and all modulating frequencies, delays, and aperture widths are derived from a master clock. Free‐induction‐decay signals may be observed in such equipment, and special techniques are introduced to avoid interference of these signals with the saturation‐recovery signals.
Catenin signaling controls phrenic motor neuron development and function during a narrow temporal window

Phrenic Motor Column (PMC) neurons are a specialized subset of motor neurons (MNs) that provide the only motor innervation to the diaphragm muscle and are therefore essential for survival. Despite their critical role, the mechanisms that control phrenic MN development and function are not well understood. Here, we show that catenin-mediated cadherin adhesive function is required for multiple aspects of phrenic MN development. Deletion of β- and γ-catenin from MN progenitors results in perinatal lethality and a severe reduction in phrenic MN bursting activity. In the absence of catenin signaling, phrenic MN topography is eroded, MN clustering is lost and phrenic axons and dendrites fail to grow appropriately. Despite the essential requirement for catenins in early phrenic MN development, they appear to be dispensable for phrenic MN maintenance, as catenin deletion from postmitotic MNs does not impact phrenic MN topography or function. Our data reveal a fundamental role for catenins in PMC development and suggest that distinct mechanisms are likely to control PMC maintenance.
Multivariate regression model with constraints

The aim of the paper is to present explicit formulae for parameter estimators and confidence regions in multivariate regression model with different kind of constraints and to give some comments to it. The covariance matrix of observation is either totally known, or some unknown parameters of it must be estimated, or the covariance matrix is totally unknown.
Supply contract model with service level constraint

This paper addresses a new topic of supply chain management: service level constraint for a supply contract model in a buyer's perspective. The concept of order fill rate is introduced in the supply contract model as a measurement of customer service level. The buyer's optimal ordering decisions in both stages are derived by using the dynamic programming approach. The impact of the service level on the making of optimal decisions is analyzed. The main results include that: (1) the optimal ordering quantity with service level constraint is larger than or equal to that without constraint; (2) the optimal service level setting of the buyer is determined by the system parameters. The results presented in this paper provide insights for managers looking to find a tradeoff between profit maximization and customer service level.
Independent markov processes in parallel

We consider c independent Markov processes X i,1≤i≤c, with a common state space Ω = {1,. ,m} and a common infinitesimal generator S. A recursive algorithm is developed to compute the infinitesimal generator of the Markove process whereN k (t) is the number of Markov processes X i (t) in state k at time t. This algorithm is a key step in the algorithmic scheme, recently developed by V.Ramaswami and D.M. Lucantoni for the GI/PH/c queue.
Localized modes in orientation-disordered one-dimensional media with uniaxial scatterers

Localized modes in one-dimensional (1D) media with uniaxial scatterers that are assumed to be order in spatial location but disorder in spatial orientation of their optical axis are investigated. Based on the holistic effect model in random laser, i.e., the random laser is due to the interaction of the complex localized modes in active random media with local aperiodic quasi-structure with appropriate pump light, a physical model on this type of random media is found. Its disorder degree is defined by D=no/ne. Then, the typical transmission spectrum through the random media and the light field intensity distribution corresponding to the defect modes in photonic band-gap are calculated numerically by means of the transfer matrix method, and the condition that the localized mode appears is discussed. Results show that the medium disorder plays an important role in determining the lightwave state. The localized state appears when the medium disorder is strong enough, and a new mechanism creating random laser phenomenon is brought forward.
On the Peano curve of Lebesgue

* Presented to the Society, April 16, 1938. f Lebesgue, Leçons sur V Intégration} Paris, 1928, pp. 44-45, defines the functions x(t)> y(f)i fit on Cantor 's ternary set T, of points t0 of the form (3), by means of the equations (2). Having proved their continuity on T, Lebesgue extends their definition throughout (0, 1) by linear interpolation over each one of the denumerable set of open intervals of which the set complementary to T is built up. It should be remarked that our curve (1) coincides with Lebesgue's curve within Cantor's set T but not on the complement of T.
Contactless measurement of electrical resistivity by eddy current methods: discussion and a new technique

The eddy current decay and the AC (steady-state) methods of contactless electrical resistivity measurement are compared in terms of linear system theory. Theoretically both methods are equivalent, but from experimental considerations the AC method is preferable for all but extremely low resistivity values. A simplified version of the AC method based on a phase angle measurement is described. One single phase angle measurement suffices to determine the absolute value of resistivity.
Adaptive neural network control of robot manipulator using reinforcement learning

In this paper, a stable reinforcement learning control approach using neural networks (NNs) is developed for the trajectory tracking of an n-link rigid robot manipulator. The considered systems are in discrete time form. The proposed controller design consists of two NNs. One is the critic network that is used to approximate the long-term cost function, whereas other is that the action NN is employed to generate the system input. Then, an optimal control input can be obtained compared with other robot manipulator systems. Using the Lyapunov approach, the tracking error and weight estimates are proven to be semi-global uniformly ultimately bounded. A simulation example is employed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Some integrals of the arctangent function

Integrals of the form f ' (tan-'cz)2nR(z)dz, where R(z) is an even rational expression in z, occur in the theory of localized magnetic moments in metals. Since integrals of this general type do not appear to be tabulated, we present here a method for evaluation as well as some interesting related material. By partial fraction decomposition all integrals of the above type may be reduced to the form
Estimating the Structure and Geometry of Winds from Luminous Blue Variables via Fitting the Continuum Energy Distributions

By combining the UV spectra from IUE with photometric data in the optical band, we present a quantitative study on the continuum energy distributions of LBVs to determine the structure and geometry of LBV winds. It is shown that the shape of continuum energy distributions around the Balmer jump is sensitive to the velocity law of LBV winds. A simple, spherically symmetric wind model including free-bound and free-free radiation is constructed to compute the continuum energy distributions of LBVs. By matching theoretical ones to the observed continuum energy distributions around the Balmer jump, we have obtained value of the exponent of the velocity law β in both minimum and maximum state for five LBVs, i.e., AG Car, HR Car, R40, S Dor, and R127. We have found that β is about 0.5-0.7 in the minimum state and larger than 1.5 in the maximum state. Transitions in the ionization states of metals between the minimum and maximum state of LBVs, which lead to changes in the radiative acceleration due to spectral lines, are most likely responsible for such effect on the velocity law. We have also determined the geometry of the wind and found that a spherically symmetric wind model can well reproduce the observed continuum energy distributions of the five LBVs. Based on these results we suggest that the wind of LBVs be basically quasi-spherical, maybe with some clumpy structure in the spherical wind to produce some observed aspherical features.
A stabilized Nitsche‐type extended embedding mesh approach for 3D low‐ and high‐Reynolds‐number flows

This paper presents a stabilized extended finite element method (XFEM) based fluid formulation to embed arbitrary fluid patches into a fixed background fluid mesh. The new approach is highly beneficial when it comes to computational grid generation for complex domains, as it allows locally increased resolutions independent from size and structure of the background mesh. Motivating applications for such a domain decomposition technique are complex fluid‐structure interaction problems, where an additional boundary layer mesh is used to accurately capture the flow around the structure. The objective of this work is to provide an accurate and robust XFEM‐based coupling for low‐ as well as high‐Reynolds‐number flows. Our formulation is built from the following essential ingredients: Coupling conditions on the embedded interface are imposed weakly using Nitsche's method supported by extra terms to guarantee mass conservation and to control the convective mass transport across the interface for transient viscous‐dominated and convection‐dominated flows. Residual‐based fluid stabilizations in the interior of the fluid subdomains and accompanying face‐oriented fluid and ghost‐penalty stabilizations in the interface zone stabilize the formulation in the entire fluid domain. A detailed numerical study of our stabilized embedded fluid formulation, including an investigation of variants of Nitsche's method for viscous flows, shows optimal error convergence for viscous‐dominated and convection‐dominated flow problems independent of the interface position. Challenging two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional numerical examples highlight the robustness of our approach in all flow regimes: benchmark computations for laminar flow around a cylinder, a turbulent driven cavity flow at Re = 10000 and the flow interacting with a three‐dimensional flexible wall. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linear separation of orthogonal merging component and viscous interactions in solar wind‐geospace coupling

The general view is that the response of the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system to a complex, variable solar wind input will be a complicated and nonlinear function of that input. We investigate this question using a global MHD code to simulate the interaction and determine the responses of the system to isolated aspects of the solar wind input. We present evidence from the simulations that the solar wind‐geospace interaction can be linearly decomposed into component merging interactions for interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By separate from Bz and a separate viscous interaction. One can run the global simulation (in our case, the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry code) using just the solar wind plasma and Bz time series, do a second simulation using just the solar wind plasma and By time series, add the results of the two simulation outputs, then subtract the output from a simulation done with only the plasma input and no magnetic field, since the sum of the By and Bz runs has two viscous interactions (one for each run), and get an output that is very close to the result of a single run using the entire IMF merging field (By and Bz) along with the plasma time series. This demonstrates that the components of merging and viscous interactions between the solar wind and geospace are linearly separable to a very large degree.
The many faces of F stars - A rotational modulation study of Capella, Procyon, and Caph with the International Ultraviolet Explorer

Far-UV spectroscopy of the F stars Capella, Procyon, and Caph is reported. Although all three stars are regard as chromospherically 'active', none exhibited any sensible rotational modulations, indicating a smooth surface distribution of chromospheric emission. Balancing this nonsolar behavior are a variety of puzzling differences among the three stars. On the one hand, the C IV features of Procyon are narrow, while that of the Capella secondary and Caph are broad; differences in v sin i alone cannot explain the dichotomy. On the other hand, the high-excitation emissions of the Capella secondary and Procyon, but not Caph, exhibit statistically significant redshifts. The significance of these results is discussed in the light of the speculation by Simon and Drake (1989) that the X-ray deficient coronae of the early F dwarfs are produced by classical acoustic heating. 55 refs.
A phase-field model for compliance shape optimization in nonlinear elasticity

Shape optimization of mechanical devices is investigated in the context of large, geomet- rically strongly nonlinear deformations and nonlinear hyperelastic constitutive laws. A weighted sum of the structure compliance, its weight, and its surface area are minimized. The resulting nonlinear elastic optimization problem differs significantly from classical shape optimization in linearized elas- ticity. Indeed, there exist different definitions for the compliance: the change in potential energy of the surface load, the stored elastic deformation energy, and the dissipation associated with the defor- mation. Furthermore, elastically optimal deformations are no longer unique so that one has to choose the minimizing elastic deformation for which the cost functional should be minimized, and this com- plicates the mathematical analysis. Additionally, along with the non-uniqueness, buckling instabilities can appear, and the compliance functional may jump as the global equilibrium deformation switches between different bluckling modes. This is associated with a possible non-existence of optimal shapes in a worst-case scenario. In this paper the sharp-interface description of shapes is relaxed via an Allen-Cahn or Modica-Mortola type phase-field model, and soft material instead of void is considered outside the actual elastic object. An existence result for optimal shapes in the phase field as well as in the sharp-interface model is established, and the model behavior for decreasing phase-field interface width is investigated in terms of Γ-convergence. Computational results are based on a nested opti- mization with a trust-region method as the inner minimization for the equilibrium deformation and a quasi-Newton method as the outer minimization of the actual objective functional. Furthermore, a multi-scale relaxation approach with respect to the spatial resolution and the phase-field parameter is applied. Various computational studies underline the theoretical observations.
Trend Analysis of Exercise Content on the Rings Final in the 1st Youth Olympic Games

The Youth Olympic Games(YOG) is an international multi-sport event first held in Singapore from August 14 to August 26, 2010. The idea for such an event was introduced by International Olympic Committee(IOC). The Federation of International Gymnastics(2009) designed the Code of Points and regulates for junior gymnastics at this time. The purpose of this study was to give crucial information and adapt to coaches and junior gymnasts at the time of changing code rapidly. For this study, The eight finalists rings exercise at the 1st Youth Olympic Games was recorded using a digital camcoder. The exercise contents analysis of rings was carried out by an experienced international judge using Code of Points(FIG, 2009). The C elements in various difficulties were performed the highest frequency. The elements groupⅠ was the most frequently performed in overall difficulties. Moreover, All the gymnasts performed the elements of the Jonasson and Yamawaki in Group Ⅰ. Therefore, junior gymnasts need to consider Jonasson and Yamawaki elements correctly in elements groupⅠ. The 1st ranked ROU(132) gymnast performed high difficulty value for his routine with the highest E score(9.050). The average of D score were 5.125. In the E scores, 8th USA(140) gymnast received the lowest E score of 8.15, 5th MGL(127) gymnasts received the fewer E score of 8.475. Coaches and junior gymnasts should try to increase D score above 5.125 by higher swing elements in Group Ⅰ and Ⅱ as well, decrease deduction of elements in exercise contents.