Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time to First Homeownership:Racial Differences, and the Impact of 1986 Tax Reform Act

The rate of transition of young adults from living with parents or renting to homeownership affects the national homeownership rate. There are substantial racial and ethnic differences in the length of time that it takes for this transition to occur, contributing to the well-known racial gaps in ownership rates. These differences are important because they affect the length of time that households enjoy the economic and social benefits of homeownership. This study uses a national longitudinal data from 1979 to 2000 to analyze the reasons for observed differences in the time to first ownership. Hypotheses are derived from two perspectives: the demand for homeownership and the supply of dwelling suitable for owner-occupancy. From the demand side, factors influencing the timing of first ownership are derived from the user cost model and the consumption -investment models of homeownership. From the supply side, consideration of geographic location and the mortgage market provides additional hypotheses. A relative risk Coxmodel is used in the estimation. We find that minorities achieve first-time homeownership more slowly than Whites. Even after accounting for a variety of individual, geographic, and macroeconomic characteristics, we find that significant differences among the races remain that cannot be attributed to any observed economic differences. As a secondary focus of the study, we look at the effect of 1986 Tax Act Reform (TRA) and find that it adversely affected th e low income households in terms of achieving first-time homeownership.
Research Report Asymptotic Bounds on Diierential Probabilities Asymptotic Bounds on Diierential Probabilities

LIMITED DISTRIBUTION NOTICE This report has been submitted for publication outside of IBM and will probably be copyrighted if accepted for publication. It has been issued as a Research Report for early dissemination of its contents. In view of the transfer of copyright to the outside publisher, its distribution outside of IBM prior to publication should be limited to peer communications and speciic requests. After outside publication, requests should be lled only by reprints or legally obtained copies of the article (e.g., payment of royalties). Abstract Let Pr ;; (! ) be the probability of a diierential approximation to the n-bit permutation ,
Clinical development and perspectives of CIMAvax EGF, Cuban vaccine for non-small-cell lung cancer therapy.

INTRODUCTION CIMAvax EGF is a therapeutic anticancer vaccine developed entirely in Cuba and licensed in Cuba for use in adult patients with stage IIIB/IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The vaccine is based on active immunotherapy by which an individual's immune response is manipulated to release its own effector antibodies (Abs) against the epidermal growth factor (EGF). OBJECTIVE Review pre-clinical and clinical research conducted during development of CIMAvax EGF, primarily studies published by Cuban investigators in international peer-reviewed scientific journals. Methods An automated search for "vaccine" and "EGF" was conducted in PubMed, resulting in 17 articles published by Cuban authors between January 1, 1994 and September 30, 2009. Main findings were described and discussed, along with unpublished preliminary findings of an initial ongoing phase III clinical trial. RESULTS Articles reviewed describe five phase I/II and one phase II clinical trials conducted in Cuba in 1995-2005. A non-controlled 1995-1996 study resulted in the earliest published scientific evidence of the feasibility of inducing an immune response against autologous EGF in patients with different advanced stage tumors. Subsequent controlled, randomized trials included patients with advanced stage (IIIB/IV) NSCLC. The 2 and 3rd phase I/II trials differentiated immunized patients as poor antibody responders (PAR) and good antibody responders (GAR), according to their anti-EGF antibody response, and confirmed greater immunogenicity with Montanide ISA 51 adjuvant in the vaccine formulation, as well as the benefits of low-dose cyclophosphamide treatment 72 hours before the first immunization. The 4th phase I/II trial found increased immunogenicity with an increased dose divided in 2 anatomical sites and also established correlation between Ab titers, serum EGF concentration and length of survival. In the first 4 phase I/II trials and the phase II trial, vaccine was administered after chemotherapy (ChTVV schedule). In the 5th phase I/III trial, longer survival and increased immunogenicity were achieved using a VChTV schedule and dividing the vaccine dose in 4 anatomical sites. The phase II clinical trial confirmed results of earlier studies as well as the mild-to-moderate adverse event profile associated with CIMAvax EGF Longer survival was observed in all vaccinated patients compared to controls, and the difference was significant (p < 0.05) in the group aged <60 years. CONCLUSIONS CIMAvax EGF's benefits in earlier NSCLC stages and in other tumor locations, as well as in patients unfit for chemotherapy, need to be evaluated. Evidence of the vaccine's safety for chronic use also needs to be systemized.
Submission for COMPSAC 2002 – – Developing Web-based Applications through e-Prototyping

As " traditional " prototyping is based on assumptions that are not – or only partially – valid for the development of e-Business, e-Commerce, and e-Government applications: will this method survive in the world of networked and distributed systems? And if so, what modifications would have to be made to the management of software development projects? Do we need 'e-prototyping'? In this paper, the " traditional " approaches of prototyping are recalled and the new conditions, difficulties and challenges of involving and communicating with the relevant actors as a way of gathering sound requirements are examined. The authors outline an approach for e-prototyping including frequent releases of software versions (based on short development cycles) as well as gathering feedback from users and other relevant actors in " productive mode " by offering various communication channels and systematically sorting out the stream of feedback to create sound requirements for evolutionary software process and release management.
Measuring China ’ s Domestic Technological Upgrading in the Global Value Chain

Less developed countries (LDCs) usually undertake technology-poor slices in the spatial hierarchy of global value chain (GVC). This paper proposes a measure for domestic technological contents (DTC) for LDCs in the GVC, and calculates the DTCs for China as a whole and Jiangsu and Guangdong provinces separately. Two findings emerge from the calculation: the DTC indexes of China and Jiangsu kept declining during the past decade, but the DTC index of Guangdong has gone through a V curve, first declining and then increasing. Considering that Guangdong joined the GVC earlier in China, a hypothesis is put forward that the technology level of LDCs will show a V-reversal when they participate in the GVC. Therefore, the current decline of DTC in China may be temporary.
The modulation of lymphocyte functions by molecules secreted by macrophages. I. Description and partial biochemical analysis

Culture fluids of peritoneal exudate cells rich in macrophages stimulated DNA synthesis of thymocytes and, to lesser extent, of spleen cells. We also investigated the effects of culture fluids from macrophages on the in vitro response to a hapten-carrier protein (fluorescein-menocyanin) using spleen cells from immune mice. Macrophage culture fluids contained an activity that increased the plaque-forming cell response of both IgG and IgM class. This increase was observed in the absence of any added hapten protein to the culture. The helper function of T lymphocytes (as evidenced by challenging with the hapten on the homologous carrier) was also increased by the macrophage culture fluid. However, this enhancement was best observed in conditions of relatively low T-cell activity. Also, the macrophage fluid allowed spleen cells of nude athymic mice to make a plaque- forming cell response to sheep red blood cells of both the IgM and IgG class. The macrophage was the cell source of the stimulatory molecule since it was generated only in cultures of macrophages devoid of significant number of lymphocytes. Stimulatory activity was not found in cultures of lymphocytes, mouse embryo cells, or 3T3 cells. The thymocyte stimulatory molecule did not contain H-2 antigens, was resistant to diisopropylfluorophosphate treatment, eluted from Sephadex with a size ranging from 15,000 to 21,000 daltons, and was sensitive to chymotrypsin and pepsin.
Reliable histogram features for detecting LSB matching

This paper proposes a novel steganalyzer for detecting one of the most popular steganography, LSB matching (also known as “±1 embedding”). The histogram of difference image (the differences of adjacent pixels), which is usually a generalized Gaussian distribution centered at 0, is exploited for deriving statistical features. We have proved theoretically that the peak-value of the histogram would decrease after LSB matching embedding, while the renormalized histogram (the ratio of the histogram to the peak-value) would increase. Then we take the peak-value and the renormalized histogram as features for classification. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed steganalytic method outperforms some previous ones.
Zastosowanie wybranych estymatorów modelu regresji logistycznej w credit scoringu

Zadanie oceny zdolności kredytowej rozwaŜa sie czesto w kontekście problemu klasyfikacji pod nadzorem, co oznacza w istocie uznanie toŜsamości pojec metody credit scoringu i metody klasyfikacji pod nadzorem (zob. np. [7], [8]). UmoŜliwia to zastosowanie w problemach credit scoringu popularnego liniowego modelu regresji logistycznej. W artykule zostanie empirycznie zweryfikowana przydatnośc w zastosowaniach credit scoringowych bardziej zaawansowanych podejśc do estymacji modelu logitowego: addytywnego modelu regresji logistycznej oraz boostingu drzew klasyfikacyjnych.
Post-Newtonian N-body simulations

We report on the first fully consistent conventional cluster simulation which includes terms up to the third-order post-Newtonian approximation. Numerical problems for treating extremely energetic binaries orbiting a single massive object are circumvented by employing the special 'wheel-spoke' regularization method of Zare which has not been used in large-N simulations before. Idealized models containing N = 1 x 10 5 particles of mass 1 M ⊙ with a central black hole (BH) of 300 M ⊙ have been studied on GRAPE-type computers. An initial half-mass radius of r h ≃ 0.1 pc is sufficiently small to yield examples of relativistic coalescence. This is achieved by significant binary shrinkage within a density cusp environment, followed by the generation of extremely high eccentricities which are induced by Kozai cycles and/or resonant relaxation. More realistic models with white dwarfs and 10 times larger half-mass radii also show evidence of general relativity effects before disruption. An experimentation with the post-Newtonian terms suggests that reducing the time-scales for activating the different orders progressively may be justified for obtaining qualitatively correct solutions without aiming for precise predictions of the final gravitational radiation wave form. The results obtained suggest that the standard loss-cone arguments underestimate the swallowing rate in globular clusters containing a central BH.
Neural network-based detection and localization of short duration disturbances in power system

The power quality issues have become an exponentially demanding research field for electric utilities and customers, which usually involve transient variation in power supply voltage or current. This paper presents a new method using wavelet transformation and neural network, investigating the power quality in qualitative and quantitative results. The major feature of wavelet transformation is the multi-resolution analysis technique which can decompose the transient signal into several signals with different levels of resolution. From the decomposed signals, the original signal can be recovered without losing any information. By means of signal singularity detection analysis, the wavelet transformation can accurately detect and locate the transient voltage waveform. The combination of wavelet transformation with neural network has make progress in neural network, where the wavelet is introduced as activation function of the hidden neurons with a linear output neuron. The simulation results illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method in power quality disturbances detection and analysis.
Collaborative Innovation: Strategy To Overcome School Dropouts And Illiteracy In The Baubau City, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

This research involves a wide range of concepts, theories and models, especially models of public sector innovation and proactive planning model of educational innovation. This study aims to identify the empirical model of planning educational innovations in Baubau City. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to find and to know the strategies of educational innovation in the city Baubau. This research was conducted in the Baubau city using a qualitative approach. The data collection technique used is the approach utilizing the available data (the data existing approach) in the form of statistical data, as well as general data that already exists, a variety of official documents, data reporting, other specific data provided by government agencies. Interviews and observations. Data analysis techniques performed interactively. The results showed that Educational Innovation Strategy in Baubau City is through government the Department of Education, Youth and Sports in Baubau, in general create educational innovation strategy is characterized by: Strategic-systematic; collaborative and synergistic by the stakeholders; capacity building, and sustainable.
Balancing Robotic Teleoperation and Autonomy in a Complex and Dynamic Environment

While Artificial Intelligence has been working to produce truly autonomous problem solving agents for many years, the current abilities of such agents are extremely limited. In highly complex, dynamic situations such as disaster rescue, today’s agents simply do not have the ability to perform successfully on their own: the environment is difficult to traverse and even to sense accurately, time is a significant factor, and the dynamic and unpredictable nature of the environment tends to preclude the ability to produce extensive plans for future activity. Because of these and other limitations, robotic agents for environments such as disaster rescue rely strongly on human teleoperation. This too has its limitations: humans become fatigued rapidly, suffer from cognitive overload when they obtain too much sensory information in a short time, and have difficulties in constructing a mental image of the space around a robot given information from its senses (situational awareness). This thesis focuses on combining the limited abilities of an autonomous agent together with human control, in order to produce a teleautonomous system that supports blending the desires of a robot with the wishes of its human controller. The approach I present is intended to allow a human to control a number of robots, being interrupted only when the robots are truly in need, and with the ability to alter the autonomous abilities of the robots for particular contexts. In order to examine the effectiveness of this approach, I develop a simulated domain for disaster rescue using a widely-employed robot simulation tool, and implement this control mode for a set of simulated Pioneer mobile robots. An evaluation of this control mode in comparison to autonomous and teleoperated agents is then presented.
Casting design knowledge management 1 Casting Design Knowledge Management

India has a global competitive advantage in medium-volume engineering-intensive metal products, such as automobile castings. To maintain and enhance this advantage, foundries need to adopt a systematic approach to preserve and reuse their in-house knowledge accumulated through years of experience. In this paper, we present a casting knowledge management system that facilitates: (1) capturing and updating casting knowledge in the form of if-then-else rules, empirical equations and previous cases, and (2) applying them for product design checking, methoding and process planning. This enables predicting and preventing potential problems before freezing the product design, determining ‘goodfirst’ methoding solutions to achieve high yield at the desired quality level, and evolving optimal process plans compatible with both product requirements and foundry capability. The principles of knowledge management and the implementation of our system are described with suitable examples. We hope this will motivate the casting community to adopt knowledge management practices, even with existing facilities, and gradually build intelligent organizations with world-class capability.
Die nächste Generation: Chatbots in der klinischen Psychologie und Psychotherapie zur Förderung mentaler Gesundheit – Ein Scoping-Review

Hintergrund und Ziel: Das gegenwärtige Zeitalter der Digitalisierung bringt Fortschritte und neue Möglichkeiten in der Gesundheitsversorgung im Allgemeinen und im Besonderen in der klinischen Psychologie und Psychotherapie mit sich. Internet- und mobilbasierte Interventionen (IMIs) sind inzwischen vielfach evaluiert. Eine vollständig automatisierte Form von IMI stellen Chatbots dar. Chatbots sind automatisierte Computerprogramme, die z.B. eine skriptbasierte Konversation mit einem Menschen führen. Chatbots könnten zukünftig dazu beitragen, gesundheitsbezogene Versorgungsangebote zu erweitern. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist die Konzeptualisierung des Gegenstandsbereichs und die Erarbeitung der Evidenzlage bezüglich Chatbots zur Förderung mentaler Gesundheit. Methoden: Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt ein Scoping-Review zum Gegenstandsbereich von Chatbots in der klinischen Psychologie und Psychotherapie dar. Eingeschlossen wurden Studien, die die Verwendung von Chatbots mit dem Ziel der Förderung mentaler Gesundheit untersuchen. Ergebnisse: Die Technologie der Chatbots ist noch als experimentell zu bezeichnen. Studien haben vorwiegend Pilotstudiencharakter. Es fehlt an qualitativ hochwertigen randomisiert-kontrollierten Studien. Die Ergebnisse der bisherigen Forschung im Hinblick auf die Praktikabilität, Durchführbarkeit und Akzeptanz von Chatbots zur Förderung mentaler Gesundheit sind zwar vielversprechend, jedoch derzeit noch nicht unmittelbar auf den psychotherapeutischen Kontext übertragbar. Diskussion: Themen wie Wirksamkeit, Nachhaltigkeit und insbesondere Sicherheit sowie Technologiefolgeuntersuchungen sind Bestandteile, die vor dem Hintergrund der wachsenden Forschungsaktivitäten im Bereich Chatbots als Korrektiv ein fester Bestandteil kommender wissenschaftlicher Förderprogramme werden sollten.
Information Theory On extrinsic information of good binary codes operating over Gaussian channels

We show that the extrinsic information about the coded bits of any good (capacity achieving) binary code operating over a Gaussian channel is zero when the channel capacity is lower than the code rate and unity when capacity exceeds the code rate, that is, the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart is a step function of the signal to noise ratio and independent of the code. It follows that, for a common class of iterative receivers where the error correcting decoder must operate at first iteration at rate above capacity (such as in turbo equalization, iterative channel estimation, parallel and serial concatenated coding and the like), classical good codes which achieve capacity over the Additive White Gaussian Noise Channel are not effective and should be replaced by different new ones. Copyright © 2006 AEIT.
The interaction between reflection and practice in the professional development of a secondary education science teachers: Case study

Acknowledgements: This work was financed by Research Projects SEJ2006-04175 of the Ministry of Education and Science (Spain) and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Abstract: The work that we describe here is a case study of a secondary education science teacher about how actionoriented reflection and action itself interact, and their influence on professional development. In our theoretical outline, we stress the concepts of reflection which sustain the theoretical-practical dialectic, and of complexity which is seen to be a progression hypothesis of central importance, and in which we distinguish three dimensions: technique, practice, and criticism. The results showed the teacher to be in transition from a technical to a practical dimension, with both her reflection and her classroom practice in the process of becoming more complex, and with the two being closely integrated. It was also found that she had a hard core of obstacles impeding her professional development.
Emotion, Time, and the Voice of Women Affected by the Criminal Justice Process: Corston and the Female Offender Strategy

In 2007 Baroness Corston articulated a vision of creating a ‘distinct, radically different, visibly-led, strategic, proportionate, holistic, woman-centred, integrated approach’ with women in the criminal justice system (Corston, 2007:79). These sentiments are echoed within the Government’s Female Offender Strategy (Ministry of Justice, 2018). This article argues that the core messages from these documents have not been implemented. It argues that criminal justice processes are reducing the opportunity to work within the women’s timeframes in order to enable them to make long-term changes in lifestyle and to develop their personal capacities. The spectrum of presenting needs of women involved in crime is broad. Therefore, the focus of this paper is on the impact of domestic abuse on women, drawing on the voice of a survivor and her criminality, which occurred as a result of abuse and the attempt to escape a violent and coercively controlling partner. Using an autographical account, it is argued that limitations on time can significantly hinder individual progress, recovery and reintegration, given the experience of trauma and emotional suffering. Agency practitioners have to take time to hear women’s emotional needs, so women feel that their voices are heard in order to be connected with the process of rehabilitation. This article argues that the recommendations from the Corston report have not been implemented and that significant organisational change is necessary to assist women with multiple and complex needs to navigate a positive, non-offending lifestyle.
Distributed File Sharing: Network Coding Meets Compressed Sensing

In a peer-to-peer file distribution network, a large file is split into blocks residing in multiple storage locations. A peer node tries to retrieve the original file by downloading blocks from randomly chosen peers. We compare the performance of four storage strategies: uncoded, erasure coding, random linear coding, and random linear coding over coded blocks. We show that, in principle, random linear coding makes a better tradeoff between the storage requirement and decoding complexity. However, the sparsity of the file blocks is not fully exploited by random linear combinations of all original blocks. Motivated by the recent results from compressed sensing, we study the design tradeoff in random linear coding over coded blocks and propose an efficient decoding algorithm based on basis pursuit. We show that the minimum number of storage locations that a peer note has to connect to reconstruct the entire file with high probability can be significantly smaller than the total number of blocks that the file is broken into