Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Implication of New Developments in Hemophilia Treatment on Its Laboratory Evaluation

Laboratories monitor hemophilia replacement therapy by specific coagulation factor measurement before and after the infusion of human-derived or recombinant factors. Bypassing agents are now used for patients with inhibitors. Recently, modified long-acting coagulation factors have been introduced, for which discrepant results may be expected when the measurement is performed with one-stage clotting or chromogenic assays. Currently, novel drugs not based on coagulation factors are being developed and further tested in clinical studies. These drugs do require new methods, and therefore, laboratory evaluation of hemophilia will undergo dramatic changes in the near future. Accordingly, present laboratory methods for monitoring, which include one-stage clotting or chromogenic assays, used to measure either factor VIII (FVIII) or factor IX (FIX), will not be sufficient. A thrombin generation test (TGT) or thromboelastometry may be used to monitor bypassing agents. For measuring modified long-acting coagulation factors, chromogenic assays will be probably more suitable than one-stage clotting assays. Novel drugs that are not based on coagulation factors, such as emicizumab, fitusiran, or concizumab, will require alternative methods.
Bare Phrase Structure

This paper is an extension of earlier ones (Chomsky 1991, 1993) that were concerned with two related questions: (1) What conditions on the human language faculty are imposed by considerations of virtual conceptual necessity? (2) To what extent is the language faculty determined by these conditions, that is, how much special structure does it have beyond them? The first question in turn has two aspects: what conditions are imposed on the language faculty by virtue of (A) its place within the array of cognitive systems of the mind/brain, and (B) general considerations of simplicity, elegance, and economy that have some independent plausibility?
An Enhanced Representation Method for Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction based on Adaptive GCN

Pedestrian trajectory prediction is one of the critical research issues in road traffic, which helps autonomous vehicles foresee the future paths of pedestrians and accordingly avoid crashes in time. However, the randomness and uncertainty of trajectories is a challenge caused by numerous social rules, various surroundings, and individual intentions of pedestrians. In this paper, we propose a method based on adaptive graph convolutional neural network (AGCN) to process these factors, named social interactions, from spatial and temporal perspectives. Specifically, we employ an LSTM encoder-decoder framework and adopt the AGCN to model the pedestrian spatial interactions per time step from all trajectories. Then, in order to capture the temporal interactions and reduce error accumulation, we introduce an attention mechanism to help focus more on those important moments and integrate the historical trajectory features with a distance-based loss function. We evaluate the performance of our proposed method on various benchmark datasets, and the results show our method achieves better performance compared with several existing methods.
Internet Plus Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Model Based on Machine Learning Algorithms

Innovation and entrepreneurship is a spiritual attitude. With the dissemination and wide application of the concept and technology of “Internet Plus,” Internet Plus innovative thinking has had a strong impact on innovation and entrepreneurship education, such as teaching concepts, changes in teaching methods, optimization of teaching staff and curriculum systems, and resource sharing. Therefore, according to the actual needs of innovation and entrepreneurship teaching in colleges and universities, this paper combines the concept of Internet and college education with the help of machine learning algorithms to build a new education system. First, the article designs the overall platform architecture and core business processes and develops and implements front-end and various platform functions. The system includes different modules such as preschool skill diagnosis, online learning, stage testing and evaluation, information and resource sharing, team building and project implementation management, and so on. Then, the experiment shows that the precision rate, recall rate, and F1 value of the system are all high, indicating that the system is stable and efficient. Finally, it briefly expounds the development strategies of the Internet Plus education model under the influence of relevant systems, which will help students and teachers develop innovation and entrepreneurship theories and improve students’ knowledge quality. The combination of Internet technology and innovation and entrepreneurship teaching can make innovation education more in line with the current learning needs and promote the improvement of entrepreneurship ability.
Vessel classification in overhead satellite imagery using weighted "bag of visual words"

Vessel type classification in maritime imagery is a challenging problem and has applications to many military and surveillance applications. The ability to classify a vessel correctly varies significantly depending on its appearance which in turn is affected by external factors such as lighting or weather conditions, viewing geometry and sea state. The difficulty in classifying vessels also varies among different ship types as some types of vessels show more within-class variation than others. In our previous work, we showed that the bag of visual words" (V-BoW) was an effective feature representation for this classification task in the maritime domain. The V-BoW feature representation is analogous to the bag of words" (BoW) representation used in information retrieval (IR) application in text or natural language processing (NLP) domain. It has been shown in the textual IR applications that the performance of the BoW feature representation can be improved significantly by applying appropriate term-weighting such as log term frequency, inverse document frequency etc. Given the close correspondence between textual BoW (T-BoW) and V-BoW feature representations, we propose to apply several well-known term weighting schemes from the text IR domain on V-BoW feature representation to increase its ability to discriminate between ship types.
REIONIZATION ON LARGE SCALES. I. A PARAMETRIC MODEL CONSTRUCTED FROM RADIATION-HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS

We present a new method for modeling inhomogeneous cosmic reionization on large scales. Utilizing high-resolution radiation-hydrodynamic simulations with 20483 dark matter particles, 20483 gas cells, and 17 billion adaptive rays in a L = 100 Mpc h−1 box, we show that the density and reionization redshift fields are highly correlated on large scales (≳ 1 Mpc h−1). This correlation can be statistically represented by a scale-dependent linear bias. We construct a parametric function for the bias, which is then used to filter any large-scale density field to derive the corresponding spatially varying reionization redshift field. The parametric model has three free parameters that can be reduced to one free parameter when we fit the two bias parameters to simulation results. We can differentiate degenerate combinations of the bias parameters by combining results for the global ionization histories and correlation length between ionized regions. Unlike previous semi-analytic models, the evolution of the reionization redshift field in our model is directly compared cell by cell against simulations and performs well in all tests. Our model maps the high-resolution, intermediate-volume radiation-hydrodynamic simulations onto lower-resolution, larger-volume N-body simulations (≳ 2 Gpc h−1) in order to make mock observations and theoretical predictions.
Strongly interacting two-dimensional Fermi gases

We review the current understanding of the uniform two-dimensional (2D) Fermi gas with short-range interactions. We first outline the basics of two-body scattering in 2D, including a discussion of how such a 2D system may be realized in practice using an anisotropic confining potential. We then discuss the thermodynamic and dynamical properties of 2D Fermi gases, which cold-atom experiments have only just begun to explore. Of particular interest are the different pairing regimes as the interparticle attraction is varied; the superfluid transition and associated finite-temperature phenomenology; few-body properties and their impact on the many-body system; the Fermi polaron problem; and the symmetries underlying the collective modes. Where possible, we include the contributions from 2D experiment. An underlying theme throughout is the effect of the quasi-2D geometry, which we view as an added richness to the problem rather than an unwanted complication.
The Mediating Role of Alexithymia: Social Support and Depression among Colorectal Cancer Patients

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among depression, alexithymia, and social support and examine the main influence factors of depression in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). In addition, the mediating role of alexithymia between social support and depression was analyzed. Methods Patients with CRC were recruited in two tertiary hospitals in Changchun via a convenience sampling method. All survivors were asked to complete self-report questionnaires assessing medical and demographic variables, depression, alexithymia, and social support. Results A total of 183 patients with CRC were included. The results showed that education level and family monthly income were the main factors affecting depression patients with in CRC. Alexithymia was positively correlated with depression (r = 0.389, P < 0.01). Social support was negatively correlated with alexithymia (r = −0.322, P < 0.01) and depression (r = −0.316, P < 0.01). Moreover, alexithmia partially mediated the relationship between social support and depression, and the ratio of mediating effect with total effect was 23.82%. Conclusions To sum up, there is a correlation between depression, social support, and alexithymia in patients with CRC; alexithymia plays a partially intermediary role in the impact of social support on depression. Our findings remind clinicians to treat the depression of patients with CRC from multiple perspectives, such as by increasing social support and reducing alexithymia.
Detection of orchid viruses and molecular characterization of odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) isolates

During a survey (2018), 44 orchid samples collected from Sikkim and Darjeeling Hills of West Bengal. The samples were examined under electron microscope (EM) followed by DAC-ELISA and RT-PCR assays were performed. Electron microscopy showed the presence of rigid rods (300 × 18 nm), flexuous rods (475 nm × 13 nm and 800 nm × 12 nm), bacilliform or bullets shaped particles (40 × 100-140 nm) and enveloped quasi-spherical particles (80-110 nm). Based on the particle morphology, DAC-ELISA was performed using the antibodies specific to odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV), cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV), calanthe mild mosaic virus (CalMMV) and groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV), which revealed the presence of four viruses namely CymMV, ORSV, GBNV and CalMMV. RT-PCR assays also confirmed the presence of four viruses using their specific primers. The cloning, sequencing and sequence analysis of the coat protein gene sequences of the four ORSV isolates was performed. The sequence analyses revealed up to 100% sequence identity among the ORSV isolates of this study and more than 99% identity with the different ORSV isolates available at NCBI GenBank database. The higher level of sequence homology among ORSV population suggests that they are under least evolutionary pressure. The occurrence of the multiple viruses in different orchids also reflects that the orchid cultivation is under major threat.
Generative Adversarial Learning for Trusted and Secure Clustering in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

Traditional machine learning techniques have been widely used to establish the trust management systems. However, the scale of training dataset can significantly affect the security performances of the systems, while it is a great challenge to detect malicious nodes due to the absence of labeled data regarding novel attacks. To address this issue, this article presents a generative adversarial network (GAN) based trust management mechanism for industrial wireless sensor networks. First, type-2 fuzzy logic is adopted to evaluate the reputation of sensor nodes while alleviating the uncertainty problem. Then, trust vectors are collected to train a GAN-based codec structure, which is used for further malicious node detection. Moreover, to avoid normal nodes being isolated from the network permanently due to error detections, a GAN-based trust redemption model is constructed to enhance the resilience of trust management. Based on the latest detection results, a trust model update method is developed to adapt to the dynamic industrial environment. The proposed trust management mechanism is finally applied to secure clustering for reliable and real-time data transmission, and simulation results show that it achieves a high detection rate up to 96%, as well as a low false positive rate below 8%.
TWO LENSED LYMAN-α EMITTING GALAXIES AT z∼ 5

We present observations of two strongly lensed z ∼ 5 Lyman-α emitting galaxies that were discovered in the Sloan Giant Arcs Survey (SGAS). We identify the two sources as SGAS J091541+382655 at z = 5.200 and SGAS J134331+415455 at z = 4.994. We measure their AB magnitudes at (i, z) = (23.34 ± 0.09, 23.29 ± 0.13) mag and (i, z) = (23.78 ± 0.18, 24.24+0.18−0.16) mag and the rest-frame equivalent widths of the Lyman-α emission at 25.3 ± 4.1 Å and 135.6 ± 20.3 Å for SGAS J091541+382655 and SGAS J134331+415455, respectively. Each source is strongly lensed by a massive galaxy cluster in the foreground, and the magnifications due to gravitational lensing are recovered from strong lens modeling of the foreground lensing potentials. We use the magnification to calculate the intrinsic, unlensed Lyman-α and UV continuum luminosities for both sources, as well as the implied star formation rates. We find SGAS J091541+382655 and SGAS J134341+415455 to be galaxies with (LLy−α, LUV) ⩽ (0.6 L*Ly−α, 2 L*UV) and (LLy−α, LUV) = (0.5 L*Ly−α, 0.9 L*UV), respectively. Comparison of the spectral energy distributions of both sources against stellar population models produces estimates of the mass in young stars in each galaxy; we report an upper limit of Mstars ⩽ 7.9+3.7−2.5 × 107 M☉ h−10.7 for SGAS J091531+382655 and a range of viable masses for SGAS J134331+415455 of 2 × 108 M☉ h−10.7< Mstars < 6 × 109 M☉ h−10.7.
MICROLENSING DISCOVERY OF A TIGHT, LOW-MASS-RATIO PLANETARY-MASS OBJECT AROUND AN OLD FIELD BROWN DWARF

Observations of accretion disks around young brown dwarfs (BDs) have led to the speculation that they may form planetary systems similar to normal stars. While there have been several detections of planetary-mass objects around BDs (2MASS 1207-3932 and 2MASS 0441-2301), these companions have relatively large mass ratios and projected separations, suggesting that they formed in a manner analogous to stellar binaries. We present the discovery of a planetary-mass object orbiting a field BD via gravitational microlensing, OGLE-2012-BLG-0358Lb. The system is a low secondary/primary mass ratio (0.080 ± 0.001), relatively tightly separated (∼0.87 AU) binary composed of a planetary-mass object with 1.9 ± 0.2 Jupiter masses orbiting a BD with a mass 0.022 M☉. The relatively small mass ratio and separation suggest that the companion may have formed in a protoplanetary disk around the BD host in a manner analogous to planets.
Well-Designed Smartphone-Based Imaging Biosensor

With the development of hardware and software for smartphones, more and more well-designed smartphone-based imaging biosensors have been created and broadly applied in point-of-care testing (POCT). Imaging biosensors can get clear images through the high pixel density of smartphones’ camera systems. And smartphones also provide a chance for imaging processing thanks to smartphones' central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs). Different approaches have extensively explored smartphone-based imaging biosensors. The commonly used imaging methods are generally implemented by the bright field with the light source or by fluorescence with a fluorescence microscope. Smartphones have enabled the widespread application of imaging-based methods in clinical chemistry, environmental monitoring, flow cytometry, food analysis, drug screening, and medical diagnostics. In detail, this article discusses various imaging biosensors and specific applications of smartphone-based imaging biosensors for bright-field imaging and fluorescence bioimaging. Meanwhile, the opportunities and challenges of smartphone-based imaging biosensors are also analyzed here.
Genetic Structure of the Ca Rater Mallorquí Dog Breed Inferred by Microsatellite Markers

Simple Summary Ca Rater Mallorquí is a hunting and ratting dog that prevents disease spread and economic losses related to rodent activities on farms. Their presence on farms decreases the need for chemical products against rats and other rodents. Unfortunately, the breed’s number of births has declined. We aimed to study the intra and interracial characterisation of the Ca Rater Mallorquí dog breed, clarify its genetic structure and relationship to other related canine breeds, and find preservation solutions for the breed. Our results clearly show that it is a genetically independent and well-defined breed. However, according to census data, this breed should be part of a conservation plan. Our study provides essential knowledge of the Ca Rater Mallorquí genetic situation and constitutes the starting point for designing and implementing a conservation plan to avoid extinction. Abstract Ca Rater Mallorquí is a dog breed from the Island of Mallorca (Spain) traditionally used as a hunting and ratting dog to prevent disease spread and economic losses related to rodent activities on farms. However, the census data shows a population decline that should be addressed by implementing a conservation program. The first step to implementing a conservation plan is knowing the genetic situation of the Ca Rater Mallorquí population. Therefore, we aimed to genetically characterise the breed in our study. We analysed 33 microsatellites recommended by the International Society of Animal Genetics (ISAG) in 77 samples. Data were obtained from 13 samples of Balearic, Spanish, and international dog breeds to study the genetic diversity among breeds. The population did not significantly deviate from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium with heterozygosity (Ho) of 0.655 and expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.685. The Wright’s fixation indices, the Factorial Correspondence Analysis (FCA), a dendrogram representing Reynolds genetic distance between populations, and the pairwise FST values establish the Ca Rater Mallorquí as an independent breed distinct from the Balearic, Spanish, and international breeds.
INJECTION AND ACCELERATION OF ELECTRONS AT A STRONG SHOCK: RADIO AND X-RAY STUDY OF YOUNG SUPERNOVA 2011dh

In this paper, we develop a model for the radio and X-ray emissions from the Type IIb supernova (SN IIb) 2011dh in the first 100 days after the explosion, and investigate a spectrum of relativistic electrons accelerated at a strong shock wave. The widely accepted theory of particle acceleration, the so-called diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) or Fermi mechanism, requires seed electrons with modest energy with γ ∼ 1–100, and little is known about this pre-acceleration mechanism. We derive the energy distribution of relativistic electrons in this pre-accelerated energy regime. We find that the efficiency of the electron acceleration must be low, i.e., ϵe ≲ 10−2 as compared to the conventionally assumed value of ϵe ∼ 0.1. Furthermore, independent of the low value of ϵe, we find that the X-ray luminosity cannot be attributed to any emission mechanisms suggested as long as these electrons follow the conventionally assumed single power-law distribution. A consistent view between the radio and X-ray can only be obtained if the pre-acceleration injection spectrum peaks at γ ∼ 20–30 and then only a fraction of these electrons eventually experience the DSA-like acceleration toward the higher energy—then the radio and X-ray properties are explained through the synchrotron and inverse Compton mechanisms, respectively. Our findings support the idea that the pre-acceleration of the electrons is coupled with the generation/amplification of the magnetic field.
Flow Control On Bridge Decks Using a Discrete Vortex Method

This paper presents the results of a numerical study into the effects of two flow control devices on the static and aeroelastic characteristics of a bridge deck. Previous work has indicated the potential benefits of such devices in the form of static stall delay and in the alleviation of both classical and stall flutter. The present study investigates numerically the effects of two leading edge devices: a hinged tab and an embedded static or spinning cylinder. A discrete vortex method (DIVEX), which has been used in previous aeroelastic studies, is employed, and results compared with existing experimental data where available. In particular, the study indicates that the devices are effective in suppressing classical and stall flutter. In addition, it is concluded that the influence of the leading edge gap associated with such devices is significant.
The Effects of Monetary Incentives on Physicians’ Effort and Patient Satisfaction: Understanding the Links between Monetary Incentives and Physicians’ Effort

How monetary incentives promote physicians’ job performance in terms of patient satisfaction has been widely discussed. The incentive dilemma debate concerns whether monetary incentives reduce physicians’ intrinsic motivation at work and even lead to moral hazard. This study investigated monetary incentive policies in a hospital and analyzed how monetary incentives affect performance and behavior. By means of income composition grouping, a treatment group and control group were established, and the identification of the effect on performance was implemented using the difference-in-difference (DiD) method. The mechanism analysis was implemented using the event-study approach (ESA) and path analysis. The study found that (1) monetary incentives promote physicians to improve patient satisfaction, and the average effect is a two-point increment (p < 0.0001); (2) the effects are short-term; and (3) in contrast to many criticisms, the improvement in patient satisfaction was mainly from the effort in working during the monetary incentive policy. The results of this study contribute empirical evidence regarding the effects of monetary incentives and their mechanism and can help hospital management formulate incentive plans.