Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gaming and Price Spikes in Electric Power Markets

Many challenging issues arise under the newly deregulated competitive electric power markets. Instead of centralized decision-making in a vertically integrated environment as in the past, decision-making is now decentralized and driven by market forces. Gaming and price spikes have been observed in almost every electricity market but explicit analysis of these phenomena is rare. In this paper we study historical bidding behavior to see how power suppliers and demand service providers were actually bidding in the California day-ahead energy market. Based on our observations we formulate a Prisoner's dilemma matrix game and introduce the notion of "opportunistic tacit collusion" to explain strategic bidding behaviors in which suppliers withhold generation capacity from the market to drive up prices. This explanation is applicable with or without market power, transmission constraints, and insufficient supply, and is only enhanced by these factors. Our analysis is generally applicable to any uniform price electricity market in which there is significant insensitivity to price on the demand side.
The early development of the brain bases for social cognition

Much research has focused on how the adult human brain processes social information, yet until recently little was known about the early development of these abilities. This chapter reviews recent work examining the precursors of the human social brain network during infancy in several domains such as face and eye gaze processing, engaging in joint attention, decoding of biological motion, and understanding of human action. The findings from electroencephalography (EEG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) studies in these domains suggest that some brain processes implicated in social cognition in adults become sensitive during infancy. While there seems to be emerging functional specialization for social cognition within individual brain regions during infancy, what still needs to be understood is how these regions become orchestrated into functional networks during development. Thus, in the final section on emerging networks, an account is put forward, based on prefrontal cortex functioning and computational modeling, of how such an integration might be achieved.
Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastric Neoplasia: Correlations With Histological Gastritis and Tumor Histology

Objective:Several authors have reported an association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and gastric carcinoma, but the data are conflicting. Atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia (IM) have also been linked to gastric carcinoma, especially the intestinal tumor type. We investigated the relationship between H. pylori infection, gastric neoplasms, and histological gastritis.Methods:A total of 105 patients with gastric carcinoma, 36 patients with gastric adenoma, and 105 age- and sex-matched control subjects were examined for H. pylori infection and histological gastritis. H. pylori status was evaluated by Giemsa staining and IgG serology. Mucosal inflammation, atrophy, and IM were evaluated in biopsy specimens from antrum and corpus.Results:H. pylori seroprevalence was higher in patients with gastric carcinoma (98 of 105, 93%) and adenoma (34 of 36, 94%) than in control subjects (82 of 105, 71%, p < 0.05). H. pylori was more prevalent in patients with noncardia (OR, 5.67; 95% CI, 2.25–14.44) than cardia (OR, 5.20; 95% CI, 0.65–41.68) tumors. Histologic types and tumor stage (early; OR, 6.60; 95% CI, 2.23–19.69, advanced; OR, 4.27; 95% CI, 1.21–15.03) showed no difference in H. pylori prevalence. Atrophy and IM scores were higher in patients with the intestinal- but not diffuse-type of carcinoma and adenoma than in H. pylori-positive control subjects. Smoking was associated with gastric carcinoma (OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.58–5.93) but not alcohol or coffee use, blood group A, or a family history of gastric cancer.Conclusions:Our results confirm a strong association between H. pylori and gastric carcinoma and adenoma. The intestinal-type gastric carcinoma is associated with atrophic gastritis and IM.
Komplexe und Schemata - Ein Vergleich von Konzepten der Analytischen Psychologie nach C.G. Jung und der Schematherapie nach Jeffrey Young

Viele Psychotherapie-Forscher quer durch alle Schulen sind sich einig, dass psychische Storungen auf dysfunktionalen Beziehungsmustern beruhen, die aufgrund verletzter Grundbedurfnisse in der Kindheit entstanden sind. Bereits Freud sprach vom Wiederholungszwang von Beziehungsmustern, die aus bewussten und unbewussten Anteilen zusammengesetzt seien, aus generalisierten Erwartungen bestehen und zu maladaptiven Verhalten fuhren konnen, die mit gegenwartigen Menschen bestandig neu inszeniert werden. Wie aber lassen sich solche Beziehungsmuster erfassen? Mit dem Konzept der Komplexe antworten die Analytischen PsychologInnen nach C.G. Jung - mit den Schemata die kognitiven Therapeuten um Jeffrey Young. Der folgende Beitrag stellt einen ersten Uberblick uber die beiden Konzepte dar ? Complexes and Schemata Across all schools of psychotherapy there are many researchers who agree that mental disorders are based on dysfunctional relationship patterns that have emerged due to basic needs not having been met in childhood. Freud applied the term repetition compulsion to these patterns, that have both conscious and unconscious components. These components consist of generalized expectations leading to maladaptive behavior which the person repeats again and again. How can such relationship patterns be understood? The Analytical Psychologists of C.G. Jung responded: with the concept of complexes. Cognitive therapists, following Jeffrey Young, responded with the concept of schemas. The following article gives an overview of these two approaches.
Cocoa and Cardiovascular Health

Epidemiological data demonstrate that regular dietary intake of plant-derived foods and beverages reduces the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Among many ingredients, cocoa might be an important mediator. Indeed, recent research demonstrates a beneficial effect of cocoa on blood pressure, insulin resistance, and vascular and platelet function. Although still debated, a range of potential mechanisms through which cocoa might exert its benefits on cardiovascular health have been proposed, including activation of nitric oxide and antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects. This review summarizes the available data on the cardiovascular effects of cocoa, outlines potential mechanisms involved in the response to cocoa, and highlights the potential clinical implications associated with its consumption.
Currency Misalignments and Optimal Monetary Policy: A Reexamination

This paper examines optimal monetary policy in an open-economy two-country model with sticky prices. We show that currency misalignments are inefficient and lower world welfare. We find that optimal policy must target not only inflation and the output gap, but also the currency misalignment. However the interest rate reaction function that supports this targeting rule may involve only the CPI inflation rate. This result illustrates how examination of "instrument rules" may hide important trade-offs facing policymakers that are incorporated in "targeting rules". The model is a modified version of Clarida, Gali, and Gertler's (JME, 2002). The key change is that we allow pricing to market or local-currency pricing and consider the policy implications of currency misalignments. Besides highlighting the importance of the currency misalignment, our model also gives a rationale for targeting CPI, rather than PPI, inflation.
Inhibitory and excitatory neuromodulation by hydrogen peroxide: translating energetics to information

Historically, brain neurochemicals have been broadly classified as energetic or informational. However, increasing evidence implicates metabolic substrates and byproducts as signalling agents, which blurs the boundary between energy and information, and suggests the introduction of a new category for ‘translational’ substances that convey changes in energy state to information. One intriguing example is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is a small, readily diffusible molecule. Produced during mitochondrial respiration, this reactive oxygen species, can mediate dynamic regulation of neuronal activity and transmitter release by activating inhibitory ATP‐sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, as well as a class of excitatory non‐selective cation channels, TRPM2. Studies using ex vivo guinea pig brain slices have revealed that activity‐generated H2O2 can act via KATP channels to inhibit dopamine release in dorsal striatum and dopamine neuron activity in the substantia nigra pars compacta. In sharp contrast, endogenously generated H2O2 enhances the excitability of GABAergic projection neurons in the dorsal striatum and substantia nigra pars reticulata by activating TRPM2 channels. These studies suggest that the balance of excitation vs. inhibition produced in a given cell by metabolically generated H2O2 will be dictated by the relative abundance of H2O2‐sensitive ion channel targets that receive this translational signal.
The Interrelatedness of Wandering and Wayfinding in a Community Sample of Persons with Dementia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of wandering and wayfinding and validate the Revised Algase Wandering Scale – Community Version (RAWS-CV) using a community sample of persons with dementia. Adult caregivers (n = 266) completed the RAWS-CV and the Wayfinding Effectiveness Scale (WES). Four aspects of wandering were confirmed (persistent walking, repetitive walking, spatial disorientation, eloping behavior), and two new aspects were also validated (negative outcomes, mealtime impulsivity). The spatial disorientation subscale of the RAWS-CV had significant (p < 0.01) negative correlations with all WES subscales. The global strategies and simple wayfinding goals subscales of the WES correlated significantly with all RAWS-CV subscales except repetitive walking and mealtime impulsivity. ANOVAs comparing wayfinding at 4 levels of wandering revealed differences only for the simple wayfinding goals subscale. Studies examining the relationship of wandering and wayfinding at various levels of cognitive impairment are suggested to further understand these phenomena.
A Moral Defense of the ‘Moral Values’ Voter

How should citizens in a democracy decide for whom to vote? Liberal political philosophers, following Rawls, have held that voters should think of the candidate as a proxy for the policies he or she will predictably help put in place, and then vote according to which policies are best supported by the balance of public reasons. Call this the proxy model. I reject the proxy model as too restrictive a moral requirement on voting, but accept that citizens are obligated to use some reasons rather than others. In particular, voters should only weigh considerations that are morally relevant. These may include factors like the character of the candidate. I argue that this alternative to the proxy model is more faithful to liberal theory and places a more reasonable set of demands on voters, given what political science has taught us about voting behavior.
Authentication of location-based skyline queries

In outsourced spatial databases, the location-based service (LBS) provides query services to the clients on behalf of the data owner. However, if the LBS is not trustworthy, it may return incorrect or incomplete query results. Thus, authentication is needed to verify the soundness and completeness of query results. In this paper, we study the authentication problem for location-based skyline queries, which have recently been receiving increasing attention in LBS applications. We propose two authentication methods: one based on the traditional MR-tree index and the other based on a newly developed MR-Sky-tree. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed methods in terms of the authentication cost.
Sensitivity, robustness, and identifiability in stochastic chemical kinetics models

We present a novel and simple method to numerically calculate Fisher information matrices for stochastic chemical kinetics models. The linear noise approximation is used to derive model equations and a likelihood function that leads to an efficient computational algorithm. Our approach reduces the problem of calculating the Fisher information matrix to solving a set of ordinary differential equations. This is the first method to compute Fisher information for stochastic chemical kinetics models without the need for Monte Carlo simulations. This methodology is then used to study sensitivity, robustness, and parameter identifiability in stochastic chemical kinetics models. We show that significant differences exist between stochastic and deterministic models as well as between stochastic models with time-series and time-point measurements. We demonstrate that these discrepancies arise from the variability in molecule numbers, correlations between species, and temporal correlations and show how this approach can be used in the analysis and design of experiments probing stochastic processes at the cellular level. The algorithm has been implemented as a Matlab package and is available from the authors upon request.
Current Sensorless MTPA for IPMSM Drives

In this paper, a maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control strategy is presented for interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs) without current sensing or regulation. The developed control scheme achieves MTPA using a direct voltage control method, which varies the machine's stator voltage amplitude and angle. As such, no explicit current loop regulation is needed, which simplifies the control structure and unlike other control strategies, no parameter knowledge, voltage, or current transducer is required. Experimental comparison against the well-known MTPA vector control highlights the performance of the proposed controller in various conditions. Moreover, quantitative efficiency metrics are provided to better illustrate the MTPA trajectory tracking performance. Furthermore, the simplicity of the control scheme makes it a good candidate for low-cost implementation of real-time IPMSM drives.
A Holistic Architecture for the Internet of Things, Sensing Services and Big Data

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) increasingly enable the interaction of the physical world with services, which may be located across the Internet from the sensing network. Cloud services and big data approaches may be used to store and analyse this data to improve scalability and availability, which will be required for the billions of devices envisaged in the Internet of Things (IoT). This potential of WSNs is limited by the relatively low number deployed and the difficulties imposed by their heterogeneous nature and limited (or proprietary) development environments and interfaces. This paper proposes a set of requirements for achieving a pervasive, integrated information system of WSNs and associated services. It also presents an architecture which provides a set of abstractions for the different types of sensors and services, enabling them to take advantage of Big Data and cloud technologies and which is termed holistic as it caters for the data flow from sensors through to services. The architecture has been designed for implementation on a resource constrained node and to be extensible to server environments, shown in this paper where we present a 'C' implementation of the core architecture, including services on Linux and Contiki (using the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)) and a Linux service to integrate with the Hadoop HBase data store.
The construction of a bifunctional fusion protein consisting of SEC2 and EGFP

The aim of this study was to construct a bifunctional fusion protein consisting of staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 (SEC2) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). We inserted EGFP and SEC2 fragments into the pET‐28a(+) vector to create the expression plasmid vector, pET‐28a(+)‐SEC2‐EGFP, using a two‐step method. After verification of the plasmid, successful isolation of the fusion protein, SEC2‐EGFP, was achieved by Ni+‐affinity chromatography. Fluorescence microscopy, methylthiazol tetrazolium, and flow cytometry assays demonstrated that the constructed fusion protein not only retained the fluorescence signal of EGFP but also exhibited SEC2 bioactivity. Therefore, SEC2‐EGFP is a promising tool for the study of the detailed temporal and spatial distributions of SEC2 in cells. Future studies with this vector may help uncover novel therapeutic strategies to treat or manage SEC2‐associated diseases and be a new clinical tool for exploiting SEC2 in immunotherapy.
A Mobile Intelligent Training System for Cockpit

The paper describes the composition structure and key technology of a mobile intelligent training system (MITS),it can be used for cockpit learning and flight training. By tracking the position and orientation of learner's head,this system can perceives the learner's interest, and then displays the corresponding teaching information on the head mounted display (HMD). The design of this system involves the depiction of main framework and the mathematical solutions of key subsystems.
Dialogic Memory-Work as a Method to Explore the “Afterlife” of our Self-Study Doctoral Research

We are teacher educators and researchers in South Africa. In our doctoral studies we used self-study methodologies to improve our professional practice in relation to the challenges of teaching and learning in the South African HIV and AIDS context. This article demonstrates how we, as teacher educator-researchers, explored the “afterlife” of our doctoral research. We used self-selected exemplars from our own doctoral theses as research artefacts to investigate the relationship between our doctoral research and our professional development and practice. We combined memory-work and reflexive dialogue, using questions posed by a fictitious critical friend to examine our exemplars that consisted of short pieces of writing from our doctoral theses. We concluded that our dialogic memory-work method allowed for collaborative exploration of the afterlife of our doctoral research and this, in turn, facilitated our professional practice growth as teacher educator-researchers in the South African context of HIV and AIDS.
La mise en incitation des enseignants: solution théorique ou réponse pragmatique ?

Les enseignants sont-ils receptifs aux incitations monetaires ? De nombreuses etudes montrent, conformement aux modeles theoriques, que ces incitations ont des implications directes sur le comportement des enseignants. Mais elles montrent egalement que le changement de comportement des enseignants ne s’effectue pas toujours dans le sens attendu ou desire. A partir de ce constat et sur la base d’une revue de la litterature sur les incitations, nous proposons d’examiner la portee pragmatique de la mise en incitation des enseignants d’un quadruple point de vue : technique, organisationnel, culturel et economique.
Music and dementia

As the population ages, the prevalence of dementia is increasing. Distressing behavioral problems are often part of the illness. This review considers the available evidence for cognitive effects related to music, evidence for the efficacy of music in the management of behavioral problems in dementia, and evidence about the effects of different types of music, their mode of delivery, and any adverse effects. Live music may be more beneficial than recorded. The effect of music may not be lasting, but there is evidence of benefit in studies, which to date are mostly not of high quality.
Rescue of synthetic minireplicons establishes the absence of the NS1 and NS2 genes from avian pneumovirus

We have determined the nucleotide sequences of the regions 3' and 5' proximal to the avian pneumovirus (APV) N and L genes, respectively. These sequences were used in the construction of a synthetic minireplicon construct in which the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene was flanked at its 3' end with the APV leader together with the APV N gene start signal and at its 5' end with the APV L gene end signal and the genome trailer region. The ability of T7 RNA polymerase runoff transcripts to direct the replication and expression of the CAT reporter gene in APV-infected cells demonstrated the ability of the putative leader and trailer regions to direct genome replication and gene expression. Furthermore, this confirms the absence of the NS1 and NS2 gene analogs within the APV genome. We were able to detect the expression of CAT protein from cells that had been infected with supernatants from the initially infected and transfected cells. These results have identified the cis-acting sequences of APV responsible for viral replication, gene expression, and packaging into virus-like particles.
Handbook of discourse processes

Contents: Preface. A.C. Graesser, M.A. Gernsbacher, S.R. Goldman, Introduction to the Handbook of Discourse Processes. A.D. Grimshaw, Genre, Registers, and Contexts of Discourse. R.A. Zwaan, M. Singer, Text Comprehension. M.F. Schober, S.E. Brennan, Processes of Interactive Spoken Discourse: The Role of the Partner. C.B. Cazden, S.W. Beck, Classroom Discourse. P.A. Alexander, T.L. Jetton, Learning From Traditional and Alternative Texts: New Conceptualizations for the Information Age. S. Whittaker, Theories and Methods in Mediated Communication. D. Bloome, Narrative Discourse. D.S. Miall, Literary Discourse. R.W. Gibbs, Jr., Nonliteral Speech Acts in Text and Discourse. M. Bamberg, L. Moissinac, Discourse Development. J.D. Moore, P. Wiemer-Hastings, Discourse in Computational Linguistics and Artificial Intelligence. P.W. Foltz, Quantitative Cognitive Models of Text and Discourse Processing.
Phase-Sensitive Detection of Motor Fault Signatures in the Presence of Noise

In this paper, a digital signal processor-based phase-sensitive motor fault signature detection technique is presented. The implemented method has a powerful line current noise suppression capability while detecting the fault signatures. Because the line current of inverter-driven motors involve low-order harmonics, high-frequency switching disturbances, and the noise generated by harsh industrial environment, the real-time fault analyses yield erroneous or fluctuating fault signatures. This situation becomes a significant problem when the signal-to-noise ratio of the fault signature is quite low. It is theoretically and experimentally shown that the proposed method can determine the normalized magnitude and phase information of the fault signatures even in the presence of noise, where the noise amplitude is several times higher than the signal itself. Since it has low computational burden, the developed algorithm is embedded to the motor control program without degrading drive performance. Therefore, it is implemented without any additional cost using readily available drive processor and current sensors.