Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dark spot, spiral waves and the SW Sextantis behaviour: it is all about UX Ursae Majoris

We present an analysis of time-resolved, medium resolution optical spectroscopic observations of UX UMa in the blue (3920‐5250 ˚ A) and red (6100‐7200 ˚ A) wavelength ranges, that were obtained in April 1999 and March 2008 respectively. The observed characteristics of our spectra indicate that UX UMa has been in different states during those observations. The blue spectra are very complex. They are dominated by strong and broad single-peaked emission lines of hydrogen. The high-excitation lines of He II �4686 and the Bowen blend are quite strong as well. All the lines consist of a mixture of absorption and emission components. Using Doppler tomography we have identified four dist inct components of the system: the accretion disc, the secondary star, the bright spot from the gas stream/disc impact region, and the unique compact area of absorption in the accretion disc seen as a dark spot in the lower-left quadrant of the tomograms. In the red wavelength range, both the hydrogen (H� ) and neutral helium (He I �6678 and He I �7065) lines were observed in emission and both exhibited double-peaked profiles. Doppler tomography of th ese lines reveals spiral structure in the accretion disc, but in contrast to the blue wavelength range, there is no evidence for either the dark spot or the gas stream/disc impact region emission, while the emission from the secondary star is weak. During the observations in 1999, UX UMa showed many of the defining properties of the SW Sex stars. However, all these fe atures almost completely disappeared in 2008. We have also estimated the radial velocity semi-amplitudes K1 and K2 and evaluated the system parameters of UX UMa. These estimates are inconsistent with previous values derived by means of analysis of WD eclipse features in the light curve in the different wavelength ranges.
SPATIALLY EXTENDED NA i D RESONANT EMISSION AND ABSORPTION IN THE GALACTIC WIND OF THE NEARBY INFRARED-LUMINOUS QUASAR F05189-2524

Emission from metal resonant lines has recently emerged as a potentially powerful probe of the structure of galactic winds at low and high redshift. In this work, we present only the second example of spatially resolved observations of Na i D emission from a galactic wind in a nearby galaxy (and the first 3D observations at any redshift). F05189-2524, a nearby (z = 0.0428) ultraluminous infrared galaxy powered by a quasar, was observed with the integral field unit on the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph at Gemini South. Na i D absorption in the system traces dusty filaments on the near side of an extended, active galactic nucleus-driven galactic wind (with projected velocities up to 2000 km s−1). These filaments ( A V ≲ 4 ? > and N ( H ) ≲ 10 22 ? > cm−2) simultaneously obscure the stellar continuum and Na i D emission lines. The Na i D emission lines serve as a complementary probe of the wind: they are strongest in regions of low foreground obscuration and extend up to the limits of the field of view (galactocentric radii of 3 kpc). An azimuthally symmetric Sérsic model extincted by the same foreground screen as the stellar continuum reproduces the Na i D emission line surface brightness distribution except in the inner regions of the wind, where some emission-line filling of absorption lines may occur. The presence of detectable Na i D emission in F05189-2524 may be due to its high continuum surface brightness at the rest wavelength of Na i D. These data uniquely constrain current models of cool gas in galactic winds and serve as a benchmark for future observations and models.
MicroRNA-4732-3p Is Dysregulated in Breast Cancer Patients with Cardiotoxicity, and Its Therapeutic Delivery Protects the Heart from Doxorubicin-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats

Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is the most severe collateral effect of chemotherapy originated by an excess of oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes that leads to cardiac dysfunction. We assessed clinical data from patients with breast cancer receiving anthracyclines and searched for discriminating microRNAs between patients that developed cardiotoxicity (cases) and those that did not (controls), using RNA sequencing and regression analysis. Serum levels of 25 microRNAs were differentially expressed in cases versus controls within the first year after anthracycline treatment, as assessed by three different regression models (elastic net, Robinson and Smyth exact negative binomial test and random forest). MiR-4732-3p was the only microRNA identified in all regression models and was downregulated in patients that experienced cardiotoxicity. MiR-4732-3p was also present in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts and was modulated by anthracycline treatment. A miR-4732-3p mimic was cardioprotective in cardiac and fibroblast cultures, following doxorubicin challenge, in terms of cell viability and ROS levels. Notably, administration of the miR-4732-3p mimic in doxorubicin-treated rats preserved cardiac function, normalized weight loss, induced angiogenesis, and decreased apoptosis, interstitial fibrosis and cardiac myofibroblasts. At the molecular level, miR-4732-3p regulated genes of TGFβ and Hippo signaling pathways. Overall, the results indicate that miR-4732-3p is a novel biomarker of cardiotoxicity that has therapeutic potential against anthracycline-induced heart damage.
Twin-photon correlations in single-photon interference

The measurement of the correlation between two quantum systems or particles has a broad significance in physics and also plays a central role in the fields of quantum optics and quantum information science. We propose a method of measuring the correlation between the transverse momenta of two photons, in which one only needs to detect one of the photons. We show that it is possible to generate a single-photon fringe pattern by using two spatially separated identical biphoton sources. The fringes are similar to the ones observed in a Michelson interferometer and possess certain remarkable properties. A striking feature of the fringes is that although the pattern is obtained by detecting one photon only of each photon pair, the fringes shift due to a change in the optical path traversed by the undetected photon; the shift is characterized by a combination of wavelengths of both photons. Using this method one can, therefore, measure the wavelength of a photon without detecting it. The visibility of the fringes diminishes as the correlation between the transverse momenta of twin photons decreases: visibility is unity for maximum momentum correlation and zero for no momentum correlation. This dependence allows us to determine the momentum correlation between both photons from the visibility of the fringe pattern obtained by detecting one of the photons only. Our method can potentially be generalized to other quantum entities.
SEMILEPTONIC DECAY OF Bc MESON INTO $c\bar c$ STATES IN A QCD POTENTIAL MODEL

The slope and curvature of Isgur–Wise function for Bc meson is computed in a QCD potential model in two different approaches of choosing the perturbative term of the Cornell potential. Based on heavy quark effective theory the exclusive semileptonic decay rates of Bc meson into the states are exploited. Spin symmetry breaking effects are ignored up to a particular point and the form factors are connected with Isgur–Wise function for other kinematic point since the recoil momentum of from Bc is small due to its heavy mass.
Pathways to academic success: specific strength-based teaching and support strategies for twice exceptional high school students with autism spectrum disorder

The number of students with ASD also identified as academically talented has been increasing over the last few decades. Unfortunately, little empirical research exists about this population of students. In this qualitative study, 40 college and university students with ASD who were identified as academically advanced and talented and enrolled in competitive colleges and universities were interviewed about academic experiences and teaching strategies that contributed to their success. Several findings related to specific strength-based teaching and support strategies perceived by participants as contributing to their academic success. These included identifying their academic talents; interest-based extracurricular activities based; specific challenge based honors and advanced classes in areas of interest and strength; opportunities for advanced, interest-based academic experiences; participation in residential programs during high school; strong and positive relationships with teachers and counselors; developing compensation strategies that can be applied to all of these areas; and overcoming anxiety while building social connections.
A Real-Time Output–Loss Method for Monitoring Heat Rate for Coal-Fired Power Plants

This paper describes a real-time performance monitoring method based on PTC 4-2013 for determining instantaneous heat rates for coal-fired power plants. The calculation protocol uses a modified output–loss approach applied to a control volume that closely conforms to the boiler. The largest energy balance term is the heat transfer rate to the steam, which is known accurately in real-time when the plant employs properly calibrated instrumentation. The first-law energy balance also requires a balanced combustion equation which depends on coal composition, which is not known in real-time. A periodic or alert-driven calibration utilizes an ultimate analysis of a carefully collected coal sample and historic plant data obtained during the collection time of the coal sample. This is used to calculate correction factors for the coal mass flowrate, air preheater leakage, and CO2 and SO2 concentrations at the economizer exit derived from continuous emissions monitoring systems (CEMS) measurements performed at that location. The iterative calculations required to determine the coal composition in real-time are presented. The real-time performance algorithm exhibited significant sensitivity associated with measurements of the steam heat transfer rate, which was the dominant term in the overall boiler energy balance. Other input parameters generally yielded a much lower influence on calculated heat rate. It was concluded that for optimal accuracy of the output–loss method the steam and coal mass flowrates must be measured as accurately as possible.
CONFIRMATION OF HOSTLESS TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE USING HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE IMAGING

We present deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging at the locations of four, potentially hostless, long-faded Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in low-redshift, rich galaxy clusters that were identified in the Multi-Epoch Nearby Cluster Survey. Assuming a steep faint-end slope for the galaxy cluster luminosity function ( &agr; d = − 1.5 ? > ), our data include all but ≲ 0.2 % ? > of the stellar mass in cluster galaxies ( ≲ 0.005 % ? > with &agr; d = − 1.0 ? > ), a factor of 10 better than our ground-based imaging. Two of the four SNe Ia still have no possible host galaxy associated with them ( M R > − 9.2 ? > ), confirming that their progenitors belong to the intracluster (IC) stellar population. The third SN Ia appears near a faint disk galaxy ( M V = − 12.2 ? > ), which has a relatively high probability of being a chance alignment. A faint, red point source coincident with the fourth SN Ia’s explosion position ( M V = − 8.4 ? > ) may be either a globular cluster (GC) or a faint dwarf galaxy. We estimate the local surface densities of GCs and dwarfs to show that a GC is more likely, due to the proximity of an elliptical galaxy, but neither can be ruled out. This faint host implies that the SN Ia rate in dwarfs or GCs may be enhanced, but remains within previous observational constraints. We demonstrate that our results do not preclude the use of SNe Ia as bright tracers of IC light at higher redshifts, but that it will be necessary to first refine the constraints on their rate in dwarfs and GCs with deep imaging for a larger sample of low-redshift, apparently hostless SNe Ia.
Quenching a quantum critical state by the order parameter: Dynamical quantum phase transitions and quantum speed limits

Quantum critical states exhibit strong quantum fluctuations and are therefore highly susceptible to perturbations. In this work we study the dynamical stability against a sudden coupling to these strong fluctuations by quenching the order parameter of the underlying transition. Such a quench can generate superextensive energy fluctuations. This leads to a dynamical quantum phase transition (DQPT) with nonanalytic real-time behavior in the resulting decay of the initial state. By establishing a general connection between DQPTs and quantum speed limits, this allows us to obtain a yet unrecognized quantum speed limit with unconventional system size dependence. These findings are illustrated for the one-dimensional and the infinitely-connected transverse-field Ising model. The main concepts, however, are general and can be applied also to other critical states. An outlook is given onto the implications of the superextensive energy fluctuations on potential restricted thermalization despite of nonintegrability.
Destroying the event horizon of regular black holes

Recently, several authors have studied the possibility of overspinning or overcharging an existing black hole to destroy its event horizon and make the central singularity naked. When all the effects are properly taken into account, any attempt to destroy the black hole seems to be doomed to fail, in agreement with the weak cosmic censorship conjecture. In this letter, we study the possibility of destroying the event horizon of regular black holes. These objects have no central singularity and therefore they are not protected by the cosmic censorship hypothesis. Our results strongly support the conclusion that regular black holes can be destroyed. If we believe that the central singularity in astrophysical black holes is solved by quantum gravity effects, we might have a chance to see the black hole's internal region and observe quantum gravity phenomena. As our finding implies the violation of the black hole's area theorem, the collision of two black holes may release an amount of energy exceeding the Hawking bound, which can be experimentally tested by gravitational wave detectors.
Long-Term Excessive Dietary Phosphate Intake Increases Arterial Blood Pressure, Activates the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System, and Stimulates Sympathetic Tone in Mice

Increased dietary phosphate intake has been associated with severity of coronary artery disease, increased carotid intima–media thickness, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in individuals with normal renal function as well as in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. To further elucidate the cardiovascular sequelae of long-term elevated phosphate intake, we maintained male C57BL/6 mice on a calcium, phosphate, and lactose-enriched diet (CPD, 2% Ca, 1.25% P, 20% lactose) after weaning them for 14 months and compared them with age-matched male mice fed a normal mouse diet (ND, 1.0% Ca, 0.7% P). Notably, the CPD has a balanced calcium/phosphate ratio, allowing the effects of elevated dietary phosphate intake largely independent of changes in parathyroid hormone (PTH) to be investigated. In agreement with the rationale of this experiment, mice maintained on CPD for 14 months were characterized by unchanged serum PTH but showed elevated concentrations of circulating intact fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) compared with mice on ND. Cardiovascular phenotyping did not provide evidence for LVH, as evidenced by unchanged LV chamber size, normal cardiomyocyte area, lack of fibrosis, and unchanged molecular markers of hypertrophy (Bnp) between the two groups. However, intra-arterial catheterization revealed increases in systolic pressure, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure in mice fed the CPD. Interestingly, chronically elevated dietary phosphate intake stimulated the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) as evidenced by increased urinary aldosterone in animals fed the CPD, relative to the ND controls. Furthermore, the catecholamines epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine as well as the catecholamine metabolites metanephrine. normetanephrine and methoxytyramine as measured by mass spectrometry were elevated in the urine of mice on CPD, relative to mice on the ND. These changes were partially reversed by switching 14-month-old mice on CPD back to ND for 2 weeks. In conclusion, our data suggest that excess dietary phosphate induces a rise in blood pressure independent of secondary hyperparathyroidism, and that this effect may be mediated through activation of the RAAS and stimulation of the sympathetic tone.
Block bootstrap for Mann–Kendall trend test of serially dependent data

Mann–Kendall (MK) test for trend detection must be modified when the data are serially correlated, to prevent the detection of false trends. Various approaches are developed for this purpose, such as prewhitening, trend‐free prewhitening, variance correction and block bootstrap. Each method has its own Type I and Type II errors. In this study, the errors of block bootstrapping MK test are estimated by a simulation study and compared with other methods. Optimal block length that minimizes the Type I error is determined as function of sample size and autocorrelation coefficient. It is shown that the power of block bootstrapping MK test is comparable with those of other modified MK tests. These tests are applied to some annual streamflow series with trend recorded in Turkish rivers, and their powers are compared. A modified form of the trend‐free prewhitening procedure is proposed that has a smaller Type I error. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermodynamics of ferrotoroidic materials: Toroidocaloric effect

The three primary ferroics, namely ferromagnets, ferroelectrics and ferroelastics exhibit corresponding large (or even giant) magnetocaloric,electrocaloric and elastocaloric effects when a phase transition is induced by the application of an appropriate external field. Recently the suite of primary ferroics has been extended to include ferrotoroidic materials in which there is an ordering of toroidic moments in the form of magnetic vortex-like structures, examples being LiCo(PO_4)_3 and Ba_2CoGe_2O_7. In the present work we formulate the thermodynamics of ferrotoroidic materials. Within a Landau free energy framework we calculate the toroidocaloric effect by quantifying isothermal entropy change (or adiabatic temperature change) in the presence of an applied toroidic field when usual magnetization and polarization may also be present simultaneously. We also obtain a nonlinear Clausius-Clapeyron relation for phase coexistence.
Spinflation with Backreaction

We study brane inflation in flux compactifications at the nonlinear level, solving the D3-brane DBI-equations of motion including backreaction from the D3–D7 brane potential and from perturbations of the warp factor. We first numerically compute the exact functional form of the Kahler modulus valid on the entire supergravity background and obtain a two-field potential along radial and harmonic directions. We find that a valid perturbative expansion on the entire supergravity background with the Kahler modulus integrated out adiabatically in DBI inflation requires hierarchies of scales that determine compactification parameters different from those typical in slow-roll models. Our numerical results then show that the DBI inflationary solutions are quite robust against these nonlinear corrections.
Phylogenetic Differentiation of Wild and Cultured Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Populations: 2. Genotypic Analysis

: Stock identification aims to identify the subpopulations and several techniques may be used to this end. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare genetically between wild and cultured populations of sea bream using Microsatellite marker. 100 individuals from both sexes were randomly collected from 3 wild populations and one cultured population. The number of amplified bands detected varied, depending on the primers and population. The highest interpopulation genetic similarity (91%) exhibited between culture and Bardawil population and also between Bardawil and Suez Canal. While, the lowest genetic similarity (80%) was recorded between Alexandria and Suez Canal populations. Differences in genotype reflected the same amount of differences in phenotype among the studied populations. Phenotypic differences between populations can be taken as evidence of genetic differentiation. Finally, each of phenotypic or genotypic analysis can be used to classify fish populations with the same results up to the intraspecific level, or both of them can be used to assess the degree of phenotypic plasticity shown by populations.
SIMULATION OF GUIDED WAVES FOR STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING USING PHYSICS-INFORMED NEURAL NETWORKS

Guided wave propagation is a valuable and reliable technique for structural health monitoring (SHM) of aerospace structures. Along with its higher sensitivity towards small damages, it offers advantages in traveling long distances with minimum attenuation. Simulation of guided wave propagation is essential to understand wave behavior, and calculating the dispersion relations forms an integral part of the procedure. Application of the current numerical techniques for complex media is highly involved and faces issues related to accuracy, stability, and computational resources. Development in the field of machine learning and graphical processing units (GPUs) leads to the implementation of a faster, automated, and scalable deep neural networks-based learning approach for such problems. Most of the implementation in the field is based on data collection and uses neural networks for nonlinear mapping from input space to target space. However, a large amount of prior information in the form of a governing differential equation is not utilized. In this paper, we have used Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), in which neural networks are utilized to solve governing partial differential equations. PINNs are implemented to obtain the solution of a one-dimensional wave equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The exact solutions and predicted responses match closely with lower mean square error in limited computational time. We have also conducted a detailed comparison of the effect of neural architecture on the mean square error and the training time. This study shows the merit of deep neural networks leveraging the available physical information to simulate the wave phenomenon for SHM efficiently.