Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Public exposure to RF from installed sources: Site measurements and Personal Exposimetry

The aim of present study is to measure the RF exposure at the location accessible to public with site measurements and the exposure to RF with personal dosimeter. The site measurements were spot measurements (n=292 sites) with spectrum analyzer and broadband RF antenna in three axis and the resultant was calculated according to the sum of E-field strength vector components. The area and type of the measurement sites were also classified. In the other part of the study the applicability of the RF Dosimeter (RF Personal ExposiMeter - PEM) for human exposure assessment in the real urban environment was investigated. The RF exposure levels, at the living area of general public were collected and evaluated according to the EU Recommendation (1999/519/EC) and ICNIRP reference levels [1,2]. At the present state of data collection and evaluation, the median value of exposure in GSM band was 0.025 mikrowatt/cm2 at outdoor, 0.013 mikrowatt/cm2 at indoor sites respectively. Within 300 m of the base station no clear expression could be found between the exposure levels and distances similarly to other recent studies. The results from personal exposure showed that one third of the participants spent 40¿70 % percent of 24h recording time above the detection limits (0.05 V/m) and half of subjects spent less than 10 %. The highest exposure was detected during the travelling period and the lowest in the bed at home.
Automatic nerve tracking in confocal images of corneal subbasal epithelium

The analysis of nerve structures in the cornea subbasal epithelium is of relevant clinical interest, as it provides information related to changes caused by surgical interventions, transplantation or diseases (i.e. diabetic neuropathy). We addressed the problem of recognizing and tracing corneal nerves in confocal microscopy images with a novel method based on a sparse tracking scheme. After a set of seed points is identified all over the image, nerves are traced by connecting seeds by means of minimum cost paths, whose weights have been estimated considering several directional measures. The performance of the method was assessed on a dataset of 30 images, from both normal and pathological subjects, whose nerves were traced manually to provide a ground truth reference. An average sensitivity of 0.85 and false detection rate of 0.05 were obtained, with an average running time of 25 seconds per image.
Why primaries? The party’s tradeoff between policy and valence

Our theory studies why and when political parties choose to hold competitive primary elections. Party leaders can decide the nomination by granting resources and endorsements to a chosen candidate. Alternatively, they can delegate the candidate selection to the party’s rank and file by holding a primary election among multiple candidates. The benefit of a primary is to increase the expected valence of the nominee. Its cost is the ideology that primary voters might induce on the party’s policy platform. We find that primary elections are more likely to be used when the potential primary voters are not too moderate and not too extremist. We also find that opposition parties and weak parties benefit from primaries more than incumbent parties and strong parties do. Intriguingly, extremist parties are more likely to adopt primaries than centrist parties are. Contradicting previous research, we find that primaries are more attractive when candidates’ skills are less salient for voters than candidates’ policies.
MODELING MONETARY POLICY RULES IN THE MENA COUNTRIES: ISSUES AND EVIDENCE

This paper estimates the monetary policy reaction function for two sets of MENA countries: The inflation target countries, (Turkey and Israel) and the exchange rate target countries, (Jordan and Morocco). We motivate our empirical analysis by analyzing a simple Taylor rule. This model looks at the effects of inflation and output on setting the interest rate by the central bank. Furthermore, we extended our model by adding the exchange rate and the foreign interest rate using similar model used by Clarida et al (1998) with using GMM estimator. Findings of this study yield some interesting results, all the central banks in the sample uses interest rate smoothing in managing their monetary policy. In addition, The Central bank in Turkey, Israel and Morocco focuses on achieving low level of inflation. On the other hand, the Monetary Authority in Jordan cares about stabilizing the output gap. Estimating the extended Taylor rule suggests the highly significant effect of foreign interest rate on setting the interest rate in Turkey. Taken all together, the results lend support to the importance of following a rule rather than discretionary in reducing the inflation rate and credible monetary policy. In addition, the simple Taylor rule can be applied on MENA countries but it requires some modification such as adding the exchange rate and the foreign interest rate.
Flow-mediated dilation is acutely improved after high-intensity interval exercise.

PURPOSE Cardiovascular disease is characterized by decreased endothelial function. Chronic exercise training improves endothelial function in individuals with cardiovascular diseases; however, the acute endothelial responses to a single bout of exercise are not consistent in the literature. This study investigated whether a single bout of moderate-intensity endurance exercise (END) and low-volume high-intensity interval exercise (HIT) on a cycle ergometer resulted in similar acute changes in endothelial function. METHODS Ten individuals (66 ± 11 yr) with coronary artery disease (CAD) participated in two exercise sessions (END and HIT). Endothelial-dependent function was assessed using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) preexercise and 60 min postexercise. Brachial artery diameters and velocities were determined using Doppler ultrasound before and after a 5 min ischemic period at all time points. Endothelial-independent function was assessed using a 0.4-mg sublingual dose of nitroglycerin. RESULTS The total work performed was higher in END (166 ± 52 kJ) compared with HIT (93 ± 28 kJ) exercise (P < 0.001). Endothelial-dependent function improved (P = 0.01) after END (absolute FMD preexercise, 0.24 ± 0.18 mm; postexercise, 0.31 ± 0.24 mm) and HIT (absolute FMD preexercise, 0.25 ± 0.13 mm; postexercise, 0.29 ± 0.13 mm), with no differences between exercise conditions. A time effect for FMD normalized to the shear rate area under the curve was also observed (P = 0.02) after END (preexercise, 0.005 ± 0.004; postexercise, 0.010 ± 0.011) and HIT (preexercise, 0.005 ± 0.004; postexercise, 0.009 ± 0.011). Endothelial-independent function responses were unchanged after END and HIT (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HIT and END resulted in similar acute increases in brachial artery endothelial-dependent function in a population with dysfunction at rest, despite the difference in exercise intensities.
Energy and capital: substitutes or complements? Some results for the UK industrial sector

This paper investigates the substitutability or complementarity possibilities between capital, labour and energy in the UK industrial sector, with particular attention to the captial-energy relationship. It is found, using the translog-cost-function approach, that capital and labour as well as energy and labour are substitutes. However, capital and energy are found to be complements.
Perceptions and Attitudes of Hyperactive Children and their Mothers regarding Treatment with Methylphenidate

Fifteen hyperactive children and their mothers were interviewed regarding their knowledge, perception, and attitudes toward treatment with methylphenidate 6 months after commencing a stimulant regime with the child. Measures of locus of control and self-esteem were also administered to the child. The results indicated that mothers and children agreed on the effects of medication and knowledge about the cause of hyperactivity. Both mothers and children had mixed feelings about medication. Most of the children felt that continuing with this treatment was important and seemed to be more concerned than their mothers over negative consequences if medication was stopped. Although it has been suggested that impaired self-esteem may be a consequence of children seeing improved behaviour as a result of medication rather than self-control, the results indicated an increase in both self-esteem and internal, locus of control during the 6-month period of the study.
Market maker's price-correction behavior towards synchronization risk

This paper presents a model that explains why asset bubbles collapse despite any delay in arbitrage. An endogenous mechanism for bubble bursting that persists under synchronization risk is examined. Previous studies have shown that bubbles under synchronization risk collapse when a market impact is supplied. This analysis argues that the bubble may collapse before this time when a market maker who maximizes expected profits is considered. In other words, the bubble collapses because of the market maker's price−correction behavior before full arbitrage. Accordingly, the market maker's behavior in maximizing his or her own expected profit contributes to the bubble bursting earlier than expected.
Explaining Change in the National Health Service: Corporatism, Closure and Democratic Capitalism

The National Health Service was a political settlement based on meso corporatism. That settlement was destabilised by economic competition in markets and political competition in democratic arenas. The reforms of recent years are an attempt to create a new authority structure capable of legitimising the rationing decisions made in the delivery of health care. That attempt is failing.
Mutual coupling effects on the performance of MIMO wireless channels

Analytical expressions for both the mean received power of each antenna and the spatial correlation (SC) between antennas, in the presence of antenna mutual coupling (MC), are provided. The effect of MC on the mean power imbalance and SC between a pair of mutually coupled antennas is explicitly derived, and the conditions under which MC has no effect on the SC an also identified. The effect of MC on the capacity of multiple-input-multiple-output wireless channels is investigated numerically, which shows the decorrelation resulting from MC is a tradeoff between the mean direction of arrival and the pattern diversity due to MC.
Dengue virus in Mexican bats

SUMMARY Individuals belonging to five families, 12 genera, and 19 different species of bats from dengue endemic areas in the Gulf and Pacific coasts of Mexico were examined by ELISA, RT–PCR, and for the presence of dengue virus (DV) NS1 protein. Nine individuals from four species were seropositive by ELISA: three insectivorous, Myotis nigricans (four positives/12 examined), Pteronotus parnellii (3/19), and Natalus stramineus (1/4), and one frugivorous Artibeus jamaicensis (1/35) (12·86% seroprevalence in positive species). DV serotype 2 was detected by RT–PCR in four samples from three species (all from the Gulf coast – rainy season): two frugivorous, A. jamaicensis (2/9), and Carollia brevicauda (1/2), and one insectivorous, M. nigricans (1/11). The latter was simultaneously positive for NS1 protein. DV RT–PCR positive animals were all antibody seronegative. M. nigricans showed positive individuals for all three tests. This is the first evidence suggesting the presence of DV in bats from Mexico.
The crystal structure of cytochrome c peroxidase.

The three-dimensional conformation of yeast cytochrome c peroxidase has been determined from a 2.5 A electron density map computed with phases obtained from two isomorphous mercury derivatives. Partial sequence information that has recently become available aided in completion of the tracing of the polypeptide backbone, confirmed the presence of a proximal histidine heme ligand and aided in identification of tryptophan, histidine, and arginine side chains close to the sixth coordination position of the heme. Ten helical segments, helices A through J, containing about half the residues in our current model are the most prominent features of the cytochrome c peroxidase structure. The model also contains three antiparallel /3 pairs but no parallel p structure. Cytochrome c peroxidase is folded into two clearly defined domains. The heme occupies a crevice between domains, sandwiched between helix B in Domain I and helix P in Domain 11, with only one pyrrole ring edge exposed. The crevice is lined with aliphatic and aromatic side chains, several of which are in contact with the heme. An additional interaction holding the heme in place is a hydrogen bond between one of the heme propionates and a threonine side chain extending from one strand of an antiparallel /3 pair. The proximal histidine heme ligand extends from the COOH terminus of helix F with NE2 bonded to the iron atom. A water molecule serves as the sixth heme ligand. The iron atom is displaced from the plane of the heme approximately 0.3 to 0.5 A toward the proximal histidine. A histidine, an arginine, and a tryptophan side chain extend from helix B and lie close to the sixth coordination position on the distal side of the heme. The distal tryptophan indole ring makes contact with and is nearly parallel to the most buried surface of the heme, while the distal arginine side chain is in contact with the most exposed surface of the heme, with its guanidinium group pointing toward the entrance to the heme crevice. Both NE2 of the distal histidine and the indole ring nitrogen of the distal tryptophan are hydrogenbonded to the axial water ligand. Structural comparisons between myoglobin and cytochrome c peroxidase in the immediate vicinities of
Isolated Three-Phase High Power Factor Rectifier Based on the SEPIC Converter Operating in Discontinuous Conduction Mode

This paper presents the analysis and design of a three-phase high power factor rectifier, based on the dc-dc single-ended primary-inductance converter (SEPIC) operating in discontinuous conduction mode, with output voltage regulation and high frequency isolation. The input high power factor is naturally attained through the operational mode without the use of current sensors and a current control loop. To validate the theoretical analysis, a design example and experimental results for a 4-kW, 380-V line-to-line input voltage, 400-V output voltage, 0.998 power factor, 40-kHz switching frequency, and 4% input current total harmonic distortion laboratory prototype are presented, considering two distinct modulators. In addition, experimental results for the output voltage closed-loop control are presented.
Anchor-free localisation algorithm and performance analysis in wireless sensor networks

A hybrid anchor-free localisation scheme for multihop wireless sensor networks is presented. First, a relatively dense group of nodes is selected as a base, which are localised by using the multidimensional scaling method. Secondly, the robust quads (RQ) method is employed to localise other nodes, following which the robust triangle and radio range (RTRR) approach is used to perform the localisation task. The RQ and the RTRR methods are used alternately until no more nodes can be localised by the two approaches. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid localisation algorithm performs well in terms of both accuracy and the success rate of localisation. To evaluate the accuracy of anchor-free localisation algorithms, the authors derive two different accuracy measures: the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) to benchmark the coordinate estimation errors and the approximate lower bound to benchmark the distance errors. Simulation results demonstrate that both the CRLB and the distance error lower bound provide references for the accuracy of the location algorithms.
The Ex-Dividend Behavior of Nonconvertible Preferred Stock Returns and Trading Volume

Abstract On average, nonconvertible preferred stocks have significantly positive abnormal returns and trading volume on the ex-day. For the less liquid stocks, however, the abnormal returns are significantly positive, and abnormal trading volume is insignificantly different from zero. This evidence suggests that long-term individual investors set the ex-day prices of less liquid stocks. For the more liquid stocks, the ex-day abnormal returns are closer to zero, and there is significantly positive abnormal trading volume on the ex-day and the day before the ex-day. These results suggest that short-term investors set the ex-day prices of more liquid stocks through dividend capture strategies. Despite this evidence, some inconsistent empirical findings make the overall evidence on dividend capture somewhat mixed.
Technical note: Evaluation of an ear-attached movement sensor to record cow feeding behavior and activity.

The ability to monitor dairy cow feeding behavior and activity could improve dairy herd management. A 3-dimensional accelerometer (SensOor; Agis Automatisering BV, Harmelen, the Netherlands) has been developed that can be attached to ear identification tags. Based on the principle that behavior can be identified by ear movements, a proprietary model classifies sensor data as "ruminating," "eating," "resting," or "active. " The objective of the study was to evaluate this sensor on accuracy and precision. First, a pilot evaluation of agreement between 2 independent observers, recording behavior from 3 cows for a period of approximately 9h each, was performed. Second, to evaluate the sensor, the behavior of 15 cows was monitored both visually (VIS) and with the sensor (SENS), with approximately 20 h of registration per cow, evenly distributed over a 24-h period, excluding milking. Cows were chosen from groups of animals in different lactation stages and parities. Each minute of SENS and VIS data was classified into 1 of 9 categories (8 behaviors and 1 transition behavior) and summarized into 4 behavioral groups, namely ruminating, eating, resting, or active, which were analyzed by calculating kappa (κ) values. For the pilot evaluation, a high level of agreement between observers was obtained, with κ values of ≥ 0.96 for all behavioral categories, indicating that visual observation provides a good standard. For the second trial, relationships between SENS and VIS were studied by κ values on a minute basis and Pearson correlation and concordance correlation coefficient analysis on behavior expressed as percentage of total registration time. Times spent ruminating, eating, resting, and active were 42.6, 15.9, 31.6, and 9.9% (SENS) respectively, and 42.1, 13.0, 30.0, and 14.9% (VIS), respectively. Overall κ for the comparison of SENS and VIS was substantial (0.78), with κ values of 0.85, 0.77, 0.86, and 0.47 for "ruminating," "eating," "resting," and "active," respectively. Pearson correlation and concordance correlation coefficients between SENS and VIS for "ruminating," "eating," "resting," and "active" were 0.93, 0.88, 0.98, and 0.73, and 0.93, 0.75, 0.97, and 0.35, respectively. In conclusion, the results provide strong evidence that the present ear sensor technology can be used to monitor ruminating and resting behavior of freestall-housed dairy cattle. Our results also suggest that this technology shows promise for monitoring eating behavior, whereas more work is needed to determine its suitability to monitor activity of dairy cattle.
A hybrid decomposition/interior point algorithm for massive support vector machine

A hybrid decomposition/interior point algorithm for training SVM has been proposed. The hybrid method applies an interior point method to the quadratic programs arising from decomposition algorithm, and then some techniques are presented to improve the performance of algorithm. It has been demonstrated that the algorithm is applicable for training SVM, especially effective for massive SVM.
A 200–1380-kHz Quadrifrequency Focused Ultrasound Transducer for Neurostimulation in Rodents and Primates: Transcranial In Vitro Calibration and Numerical Study of the Influence of Skull Cavity

Low intensity transcranial focused ultrasound has been demonstrated to produce neuromodulation in both animals and humans. Primarily for technical reasons, frequency is one of the most poorly investigated critical wave parameters. We propose the use of a quadri-band transducer capable of operating at 200, 320, 850, and 1380 kHz for further investigation of the frequency dependence of neuromodulation efficacy while keeping the position of the transducer fixed with respect to the subject’s head. This paper presents the results of the transducer calibration in water, <italic>in vitro</italic> transmission measurements through a monkey skull flap, 3-D simulations based on both a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-computed tomography (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>CT)-scan of a rat and on CT-scans of two macaques. A maximum peak pressure greater than 0.52 MPa is expected at each frequency in rat and macaque heads. According to the literature, our transducer can achieve neuromodulation in rodents and primates at each four frequencies. The impact of standing waves is shown to be most prominent at the lowest frequencies.
Mate Value Discrepancy and Mate Retention Behaviors of Self and Partner.

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the relationship between perceived mate value discrepancy (i.e., the difference between an individual's mate value and their partner's mate value) and perceived frequency of mate retention performed by an individual relative to his or her partner. METHOD In two studies, participants in long-term, exclusive, sexual, heterosexual relationships reported their own, and their partner's, mate value and mate retention. Samples included 899 community members (Study 1) and 941 students and community members (Study 2). RESULTS In Study 1, we documented that individuals with higher self-perceived short-term mate value, and who perceive their partner to have lower (vs. higher) short-term mate value, perform less frequent Benefit-Provisioning mate retention, controlling for the partner's Benefit-Provisioning mate retention. In Study 2, we documented that individuals who perceive that they could less easily replace their partner, and who perceive their partner could more (vs. less) easily replace them, perform more frequent mate retention (Benefit-Provisioning and Cost-Inflicting), controlling for the partner's mate retention. CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of assessing perceived discrepancies in mate value (notably, regarding the replaceability of self and partner with another long-term mate) and perceived mate retention behaviors of self, relative to partner, between men and women in long-term relationships.
Forming a global monitoring mechanism and a spatiotemporal performance model for geospatial services

Geographic information service (GIService) has become popular in the last decade to develop applications for addressing global challenges. Performance is one of the most important criteria to help users select distributed online GIService for developing geospatial applications including natural hazards and emergency responses. However, performance accuracy is limited by the single-location-based evaluation mechanism while service performance is dynamic in space and time between end-users and services. We propose a spatiotemporal performance evaluation mechanism to improve the accuracy. Specially, a cloud and volunteer computing mechanism is proposed to collect performance information of globally distributed GIServices. A global spatiotemporal performance model is designed to integrate spatiotemporal dynamics for better performance evaluation for users from different regions at different times. This model is tested to support GIService selection in global spatial data infrastructures (SDIs). The experiment confirms that the proposed model provides more accurate evaluations for global users and better supports geospatial resource utilizations in SDIs than previous mechanisms. The methodology can be adopted to improve the services of other regional and global distributed operational systems.