Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel soft handoff technique using STTD for MC-CDMA in a frequency selective fading channel

Antennas are commonly located in near each other and there is high correlations among antennas. In such cases, there exists correlated fading among antennas, which results in worse performance for this system. This paper presents an effective soft handoff technique using Space Time Transmitter Diversity (STTD) with two base station for Multi-Carrier (MC)-CDMA to achieve high diversity gain in a wireless broadband channel. The conventional antenna The proposed system is a dual step diversity scheme in frequency selective fading channel environments combining the frequency diversity effect achieved by multi-carriers and the antenna diversity gain by STTD. This is an effective diversity scheme, which improves the signal quality at the receiver by simple processing across two transmit antennas. No feedback is required in this system from the receiver to the transmitter and the computation complexity is low.
Detrimental effects of two active X chromosomes on early mouse development.

Matings between female mice carrying Searle's translocation, T(X;16)16H, and normal males give rise to chromosomally unbalanced zygotes with two complete sets of autosomes, one normal X chromosome and one X16 translocation chromosome (XnX16 embryos). Since X chromosome inactivation does not occur in these embryos, probably due to the lack of the inactivation center on X16, XnX16 embryos are functionally disomic for the proximal 63% of the X chromosome and trisomic for the distal segment of chromosome 16. Developmental abnormalities found in XnX16 embryos include: (1) growth retardation detected as early as stage 9, (2) continual loss of embryonic ectoderm cells either by death or by expulsion into the proamniotic cavity, (3) underdevelopment of the ectoplacental cone throughout the course of development, (4) very limited, if any, mesoderm formation, (5) failure in early organogenesis including the embryo, amnion, chorion and yolk sac. Death occurred at 10 days p.c. Since the combination of XO and trisomy 16 does not severely affect early mouse development, it is likely that regulatory mechanisms essential for early embryogenesis do not function correctly in XnX16 embryos due to activity of the extra X chromosome segment of X16.
Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of the growth of gold nanostructures on a graphite substrate

Nanotechnology has, without a doubt, ushered in a new era of technological convergence and holds the promise of making a profound impact on the way research in physics, chemistry, materials science, biotechnology etc. are conducted. The novel properties of materials at the nanoscale (or nanostructures) make them useful in a variety of applications, from catalysis to the medical field and electronics industry. However, to exploit these properties at the nanoscale, precise control over the morphology and size of nanostructures is required. One strategy that may be explored to tailor nanostructure morphology and size is vapour deposition. A lot of further insight can be gained from computer simulations of the processes governing the growth of nanostructures during vapour deposition. A method that shows promise in simulating thin film growth through vapour deposition is kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC). Therefore, in this study, a KMC model was developed to describe growth through vapour deposition. A gold on graphite system was simulated to test the model. In this KMC model, substantial effort was devoted to developing the model in different stages, each stage being more robust than the previous one. The assumptions made at each stage and possible artefacts (unphysical consequences) arising from them are discussed in order to distinguish real physical effects from artificial ones. In the model, data structures, search algorithms and a random number generator were developed and employed in an object-orientated code to simulate the growth. Several simulations were performed at different growth conditions for each of the stages. The results are interpreted based on the kinetic constraints imposed during the growth.
On the Methods of Determining the Radio Emission Geometry in Pulsar Magnetospheres

We present a modification of the relativistic phase shift method for determining the radio emission geometry from pulsar magnetospheres proposed by Gangadhara & Gupta. Our modification provides a method of determining radio emission altitudes that does not depend on the viewing geometry and does not require polarization measurements. We suggest application of the method to the outer edges of averaged radio pulse profiles to identify magnetic field lines associated with the edges of the pulse and, thereby, to test the geometric method based on the measurement of the pulse width at the lowest intensity level. We show that another relativistic method proposed by Blaskiewicz et al. provides upper limits for emission altitudes associated with the outer edges of pulse profiles. A comparison of these limits with the altitudes determined with the geometric method may be used to probe the importance of rotational distortions of the magnetic field and refraction effects in the pulsar magnetosphere. We provide a comprehensive discussion of the assumptions used in the relativistic methods.
c-Met is a marker of pancreatic cancer stem cells and therapeutic target.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Growth of many different tumor types requires a population of self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs). c-Met is a marker of normal mouse pancreatic stem and progenitor cells; we investigated whether it is also a marker of human pancreatic CSCs that might be developed as a therapeutic target. METHODS We studied growth of primary human pancreatic adenocarcinoma in NOD SCID mice. The self-renewal capability of pancreatic cancer cells that expressed high levels of c-Met (c-Met(high)) was assessed using in vitro sphere assays and compared with those that were c-Met negative or expressed low levels of c-Met. The tumorigenicity of c-Met(high) pancreatic cancer cells was evaluated in NOD SCID mice. RESULTS c-Met(high) cells readily formed spheres, whereas c-Met-negative cells did not. Use of the c-Met inhibitor XL184 or c-Met knockdown with small hairpin RNAs significantly inhibited tumor sphere formation. c-Met(high) cells had increased tumorigenic potential in mice; those that expressed c-Met and CD44 (0.5%-5% of the pancreatic cancer cells) had the capability for self-renewal and the highest tumorigenic potential of all cell populations studied. In pancreatic tumors established in NOD SCID mice, c-Met inhibitors slowed tumor growth and reduced the population of CSCs when given alone or in combination with gemcitabine. Administration of XL184 for 2 weeks after cardiac injection of cancer cells prevented the development of metastases. CONCLUSIONS c-Met is a new marker for pancreatic CSCs. It is required for growth and metastasis of pancreatic tumors in mice and is a therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
Synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide supported on mesoporous hollow silica sphere for photocatalysis of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate

With the increasing demands of higher living standard accompanied by ever growing of world population and industrial process, the consumption of organic chemicals has been increasing. Most of organic compounds are difficult to be degraded by means of biological and chemical decompositions, making serious damages to the environment. Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) is one of the most common surfactants widely used in manufacturing of cleaning products. It can be decomposed through photocatalysis. Among the reported photocatalysts, ZnO is considered as cheap, environmentally friendly and biocompatible material with band gap energy of 3.37 eV. However, the ZnO has low photocatalytic activity due to the formation of aggregates. In this research, a new photocatalyst of zinc oxide immobilized in mesoporous hollow silica spheres (ZnO-MHSSs) have been synthesized for photocatalytic degradation of SDBS under ultraviolet irradiation. ZnO-MHSSs were synthesized via impregnation method applying different temperatures (50 and 85oC) and ZnO loadings. Zinc acetate dihydrate and tetraethyl orthosilicate were used as precursors of zinc oxide and silica, respectively. In the first attempt, the MHSS was loaded with ZnO (Zn:Si = 1:15, 1:30 and 1:50) at 85oC. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results confirmed the attainment of mesoporous structure for the obtained composite materials. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis also depicted the formation of mesoporous structure and high surface area for the ZnO-MHSSs compared to bare ZnO. Field emission scanning electron microscopy showed uniform spheres for all samples. The photocatalysis testing was carried out for ZnO-MHSS, ZnO and MHSS by using aqueous solutions of SDBS. The photocatalytic efficiency was determined through tracing the maximum absorption difference of SDBS at fixed time intervals of reaction by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The photocatalysis results demonstrated 14.2-21% efficiency improvement of SDBS decomposition. Applying higher molar ratio of Zn/Si, resulted in formation of zinc silicate (willemite) phase which is not favourable. Therefore, a second procedure was employed in investigating the effect of the higher molar ratio. In the second attempt, ZnO-MHSSs (Zn/Si: 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1) were synthesized at a lower temperature of 50oC without applying calcination. The XRD analysis confirmed the successful formation of zinc oxide which is not accompanied with the existence of zinc silicate, willemite. Study of the photocatalysis performance was carried out over the prepared samples. The results showed the successful decomposition of SDBS with the highest photocatalytic efficiency improvement (26.7%) for Zn/Si: 1:1 as the best photocatalyst.
Canalization of Tomato Fruit Metabolism[OPEN]

Metabolomics data from two independent Solanum penellii populations cast light on the genetic robustness of primary and secondary metabolite contents in tomato. To explore the genetic robustness (canalization) of metabolism, we examined the levels of fruit metabolites in multiple harvests of a tomato introgression line (IL) population. The IL partitions the whole genome of the wild species Solanum pennellii in the background of the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). We identified several metabolite quantitative trait loci that reduce variability for both primary and secondary metabolites, which we named canalization metabolite quantitative trait loci (cmQTL). We validated nine cmQTL using an independent population of backcross inbred lines, derived from the same parents, which allows increased resolution in mapping the QTL previously identified in the ILs. These cmQTL showed little overlap with QTL for the metabolite levels themselves. Moreover, the intervals they mapped to harbored few metabolism-associated genes, suggesting that the canalization of metabolism is largely controlled by regulatory genes.
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

ONTRAUMATIC intracerebral hemorrhage is bleeding into the parenchyma of the brain that may extend into the ventricles and, in rare cases, the subarachnoid space. Each year, approximately 37,000 to 52,400 people in the United States have an intracerebral hemorrhage. 1,2 This rate is expected to double during the next 50 years as a result of the increasing age of the population and changes in racial demographics. Intracerebral hemorrhage accounts for 10 to 15 percent of all cases of stroke and is associated with the highest mortality rate, with only 38 percent of affected patients surviving the first year. 3 Depending on the underlying cause of bleeding, intracerebral hemorrhage is classified as either primary or secondary. Primary intracerebral hemorrhage, accounting for 78 to 88 percent of cases, originates from the spontaneous rupture of small vessels damaged by chronic hypertension or amyloid angiopathy. 4 Secondary intracerebral hemorrhage occurs in a minority of patients in association with vascular abnormalities (such as arteriovenous malformations and aneurysms), tumors, or impaired coagulation. Although hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage remains the most common form of intracerebral hemorrhage, underlying vascular abnormalities should always be considered in appropriate circumstances because of the high risk of recurrent hemorrhage and available treatment options. 5-11 The causes of intracerebral hemorrhage are shown in Table 1. We will discuss primary, or spontaneous, intracerebral hemorrhage in this review. N
Aerobic scope predicts dominance during early life in a tropical damselfish

1. A range of physiological traits are linked with aggression and dominance within social hierarchies, but the role of individual aerobic capacity in facilitating aggression has seldom been studied. Further, links previously observed between an individual's metabolic rate and aggression level may be context dependent and modulated by factors such as social stress and competitor familiarity. 2. We examined these issues in juvenile Ambon damselfish, Pomacentrus amboinensis, which display intraspecific competition for territories during settlement on coral reefs. 3. Individuals were measured for routine metabolic rate, aerobic scope (AS) and anaerobic capacity using intermittent-flow respirometry before dyadic dominance contests. Post-contest, fish were measured for metabolic rate in isolation and while interacting with their previous competitor or a stranger in adjacent transparent respirometers. 4. In arena contests, AS was correlated with aggression and dominance, while routine metabolic rate and anaerobic capacity were not related to dominance. Post-contest, subordinates showed a rise in metabolic rate and decrease in available AS, presumably due to social stress. Dominants increased metabolic rate in the presence of a previous competitor, possibly due to the stresses of hierarchy maintenance. 5. Metabolic rate during aggressive interactions did not approach that measured during exhaustive exercise, suggesting individuals do not fully utilise their AS during aggression. A greater AS may, however, allow faster post-contest recovery. 6. These results demonstrate a link between AS and dominance during intraspecific competition for territory. Selection on AS could therefore follow, either indirectly through correlations with other traits influencing resource-holding potential, or directly if AS carries benefits important for territory acquisition or holding, such as an enhanced capacity to cope with socially induced stress.
Nucleosome breathing and remodeling constrain CRISPR-Cas9 function

The CRISPR-Cas9 bacterial surveillance system has become a versatile tool for genome editing and gene regulation in eukaryotic cells, yet how CRISPR-Cas9 contends with the barriers presented by eukaryotic chromatin is poorly understood. Here we investigate how the smallest unit of chromatin, a nucleosome, constrains the activity of the CRISPR-Cas9 system. We find that nucleosomes assembled on native DNA sequences are permissive to Cas9 action. However, the accessibility of nucleosomal DNA to Cas9 is variable over several orders of magnitude depending on dynamic properties of the DNA sequence and the distance of the PAM site from the nucleosome dyad. We further find that chromatin remodeling enzymes stimulate Cas9 activity on nucleosomal templates. Our findings imply that the spontaneous breathing of nucleosomal DNA together with the action of chromatin remodelers allow Cas9 to effectively act on chromatin in vivo. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.13450. 001
Genetic and phenotypic analysis of B‐cell post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders provides insights into disease biology

B‐cell post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are classified as early lesions, polymorphic lymphomas (P‐PTLD) and monomorphic lymphomas (M‐PTLD). These morphologic categories are thought to reflect a biologic continuum, although supporting genetic data are lacking. To gain better insights into PTLD pathogenesis, we characterized the phenotypes, immunoglobulin (Ig) gene alterations and non‐Ig gene (BCL6, RhoH/TTF, c‐MYC, PAX5, CIITA, BCL7A, PIM1) mutations of 21 PTLD, including an IM‐like lesion, 8 P‐PTLD and 12 M‐PTLD. Gene expression profile analysis was also performed in 12 cases. All PTLD with clonal Ig rearrangements showed evidence of germinal centre (GC) transit based on the analysis of Ig and BCL6 gene mutations, and 74% had a non‐GC phenotype (BCL6 ± MUM1+). Although surface Ig abnormalities were seen in 6/19 (32%) PTLD, only three showed ‘crippling’ Ig mutations indicating other etiologies for loss of the B‐cell receptor. Aberrant somatic hypermutation (ASHM) was almost exclusively observed in M‐PTLD (8/12 vs. 1/8 P‐PTLD) and all three recurrent cases analysed showed additional mutations in genes targeted by ASHM. Gene expression analysis showed distinct clustering of PTLD compared to B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (B‐NHL) without segregation of P‐PTLD from non‐GC M‐PTLD or EBV+ from EBV− PTLD. The gene expression pattern of PTLD appeared more related to that of memory and activated B‐cells. Together, our results suggest that PTLD represent a distinct type of B‐NHL deriving from an antigen experienced B‐cell, whose evolution is associated with accrual of genetic lesions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of exercise counselling as an aid for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial.

AIM To examine whether exercise counselling increases smoking abstinence and reduces tobacco withdrawal and gains in weight and body fat. DESIGN A randomized controlled trial. SETTING A community-based stop smoking clinic. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred and ninety-nine male and female smokers. INTERVENTION Participants were assigned randomly to a 7-week smoking cessation programme, including nicotine replacement therapy plus either (i) exercise counselling, or (ii) health education advice with equal contact time as for the exercise counselling condition. MEASUREMENTS Six weeks of smoking abstinence was confirmed by expired carbon monoxide. FINDINGS There was no significant difference in smoking abstinence between the exercise group (n = 154) and the controls (n = 145) at 6 weeks (39.6% versus 38.6%), nor was there any difference in gains in weight or body fat, although those in the exercise group increased their exercise levels. Exercise participants reported less tension, anxiety and stress than the controls during the first week of smoking abstinence (P = 0.03, 0.01 and 0.04, respectively), less irritability throughout 2 weeks of abstinence (P = 0.03), and less restlessness throughout 3 weeks of abstinence (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Adding brief exercise counselling to a smoking cessation programme did not increase smoking abstinence or reduce gains in weight or body fat significantly, although exercise levels were raised and there were some beneficial effects on psychological symptoms.
Sensitivity images for multi-view ultrasonic array inspection

The multi-view total focusing method (TFM) is an imaging technique for ultrasonic full matrix array data that typically exploits ray paths with zero, one or two internal reflections in the inspected object and for all combinations of longitudinal and transverse modes. The fusion of this vast quantity of views is expected to increase the reliability of ultrasonic inspection; however, it is not trivial to determine which views and which areas are the most suited for the detection of a given type and orientation of defect. This work introduces sensitivity images that give the expected response of a defect in any part of the inspected object and for any view. These images are based on a ray-based analytical forward model. They can be used to determine which views and which areas lead to the highest probability of detection of the defect. They can also be used for quantitatively analyzing the effects of the parameters of the inspection (probe angle and position, for example) on the overall probability of detection. Finally, they can be used to rescale TFM images so that the different views have comparable amplitudes. This methodology is applied to experimental data and discussed.The multi-view total focusing method (TFM) is an imaging technique for ultrasonic full matrix array data that typically exploits ray paths with zero, one or two internal reflections in the inspected object and for all combinations of longitudinal and transverse modes. The fusion of this vast quantity of views is expected to increase the reliability of ultrasonic inspection; however, it is not trivial to determine which views and which areas are the most suited for the detection of a given type and orientation of defect. This work introduces sensitivity images that give the expected response of a defect in any part of the inspected object and for any view. These images are based on a ray-based analytical forward model. They can be used to determine which views and which areas lead to the highest probability of detection of the defect. They can also be used for quantitatively analyzing the effects of the parameters of the inspection (probe angle and position, for example) on the overall probability of detec.
Influence of measurements on the statistics of work performed on a quantum system.

The recently demonstrated robustness of fluctuation theorems against measurements [M. Campisi, P. Talkner, and P. Hänggi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 140601 (2010). ] does not imply that the probability distributions of nonequilibrium quantities, such as heat and work, remain unaffected. We determine the impact of measurements that are performed during a running force protocol on the characteristic function of work. The results are illustrated by means of the Landau-Zener(-Stückelberg-Majorana) model. In the limit of continuous measurements the quantum Zeno effect suppresses any unitary dynamics. It is demonstrated that the characteristic function of work is the same as for an adiabatic protocol when the continuously measured quantity coincides with the Hamiltonian governing the unitary dynamics of the system in the absence of measurements.
Noisy input/output system identification using cumulants and the Steiglitz-McBride algorithm

By transforming the input/output system identification problem into the high signal to noise ratio (SNR) cumulant domain, the Steiglitz-McBride algorithm is extended, yielding an autocumulant and cross-cumulant based approach for autoregressive moving average (ARMA) modeling. The autocumulant approach requires that the ARMA parameters be estimated by first estimating the cumulants of the ARMA parameters. The cross-cumulant formulation permits the ARMA parameters to be estimated directly. Possible convergence points and convergence issues are investigated. Simulations are presented to illustrate the performance of these algorithms. <<ETX>>
Combining Inter-Review Learning-to-Rank and Intra-Review Incremental Training for Title and Abstract Screening in Systematic Reviews

We describe the approach we employed for Task II of CLEF eHealth 2017, concerning title and abstract screening in diagnostic test accuracy reviews. Our approach combines a learning-to-rank model trained across multiple reviews with a model focused on the given review, incrementally trained based on relevance feedback. Our learning-to-rank model is built using extreme gradient boosting on features computed by considering the similarity of different fields of the documents (title, abstract), with different fields of the topics (title, query). Our incrementally trained model is a support vector machine trained on a TF-IDF representation of title and abstract of the documents. The results of our approach are promising, reaching 0.658 normalized cumulative gain in the top 10 ranked documents in the simple evaluation setting and 0.846 in the cost-effective evaluation setting, the latter assuming feedback can be obtained from an intermediate user/oracle instead of the end-user.