Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disentangling In‐Stream Nitrate Uptake Pathways Based on Two‐Station High‐Frequency Monitoring in High‐Order Streams

In‐stream nitrate (NO3−) uptake in rivers involves complex autotrophic and heterotrophic pathways, which often vary spatiotemporally due to biotic and abiotic drivers. High‐frequency monitoring of NO3− mass balance between upstream and downstream measurement sites can quantitatively disentangle multi‐path NO3− uptake dynamics at the reach scale. However, this approach remains limited to a few river types and has not been fully explored for higher‐order streams with varying hydro‐morphological and biogeochemical conditions. We conducted two‐station 15‐min monitoring in five high‐order stream reaches in central Germany, calculating the NO3−‐N mass balance and whole‐stream metabolism based on time series of NO3−‐N and dissolved oxygen, respectively. With thorough considerations of lateral inputs, the calculated net NO3−‐N uptake rates ( UNET ${U}_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{T}}$ ) differed substantially among campaigns (ranging from −151.1 to 357.6 mg N m2 d−1, with cases of negative values representing net NO3−‐N release), and exhibited higher UNET ${U}_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{T}}$ during the post‐wet season than during the dry season. Subtracting autotrophic assimilation ( UA ${U}_{A}$ , stoichiometrically coupled to stream metabolism) from UNET ${U}_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{T}}$ , UD ${U}_{D}$ represented the net balance of heterotrophic NO3−‐N uptake ( UD ${U}_{D}$ > 0, the dominance of denitrification and heterotrophic assimilation) and NO3−‐N release ( UD ${U}_{D}$ < 0, the dominance of nitrification/mineralization). This rarely reported uptake pathway contributed substantially to UNET ${U}_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{T}}$ patterns, especially during post‐wet seasons; moreover, it appeared to exhibit various diel patterns, and for UD ${U}_{D}$ > 0, diel minima occurred during the daytime. These findings advance our understanding of complex reach‐scale N‐retention processes and can help develop future modeling concepts at the river‐network scale.
Analysis of generalized polarimetric measurement equation

Generally all existed measurement strategies in polarimetry are defined by characteristics of polarimeter' polarization state generator (PSG) and polarization state analyzer (PSA) and do not allow for the polarization properties of studied medium. Exceptions are perhaps the simple cases of media characterizing by single type of anisotropy (mainly linear birefringence or optical activity). As a rule the problem is reduced to measurement of all sixteen elements of Mueller matrix. At that, the case when one measure fifteen of less matrix elements results from the characteristics of PSG and PSA and is considered as intermediate steps of certain complete measurement cycle, during which all sixteen Mueller matrix elements are measured. In this paper we present the generalized polarimetric measurement equation which permits to allowing for the inequality in accuracy of polarimetric measurements and the polarization properties of studied medium. The method is based on modification of generalized polarimetric measurement equation for maximal compliance to the matrix model of studied medium allowing for the anisotropy of medium, symmetry and sizes of scatterers etc. This requires the utilization of versatile PSG and PSA in the polarimeter.
Improving the Accuracy and Resolution of Filter- and Frequency-to-Time Mapping-Based Time and Frequency Acquisition Methods by Broadening the Filter Bandwidth

In this article, a method for improving the accuracy and resolution of the filter- and frequency-to-time mapping (FTTM)-based time and frequency acquisition system in the fast sweep scenario is proposed by broadening the filter bandwidth. It is found that the width of the generated pulse via FTTM is mainly determined by the impulse response of the filter when the sweep rate is very fast. Therefore, appropriately increasing the filter bandwidth can significantly reduce the pulsewidth, so as to improve the measurement accuracy and resolution. To verify the validity, short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and microwave frequency measurement (MFM) systems employing the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS)-based FTTM are further investigated by inserting a frequency-sweep pump wave for SBS gain bandwidth broadening. The improvement of accuracy and frequency resolution is well confirmed by comparing the measurement results with and without SBS gain spectrum broadening. The MFM accuracy is improved by more than ten times compared with other reported works under a similar fast sweep rate, and the frequency resolution of the STFT is also much improved compared with our former results.
Simulation of the electron-cloud build up and its consequences on heat load, beam stability and diagnostics

Photoemission and secondary emission are known to give rise to a quasistationary electron cloud inside the beam pipe through a beam-induced multipacting process. We investigate the electron-cloud build up and related effects via computer simulation. In our model, macroparticles representing photoelectrons are emitted synchronously with the passing proton or positron bunch and are subsequently accelerated in the field of the beam. As they hit the beam pipe, new macroelectrons are generated, whose charges are determined by the energy of the incoming particles and by the secondary emission yield of the beam pipe. A quasistationary state of the electron cloud is eventually reached due to space charge. The equilibrium density is used as an input parameter for a second program that analyzes the electron-cloud driven single-bunch instability. The electron cloud simulation also allows the evaluation of the heat load on the cold Large Hadron Collider beam screen, which must stay within the available cooling capacity, and the electron charge deposited on or emitted from the electrodes of the beam-position monitors.
Dynamic time reversal acoustic focusing of ultrasound for biomedical applications

Time Reversal Acoustic (TRA) system provides effective focusing in inhomogeneous media that can be used in various biomedical applications including high intensity ultrasound treatment, ultrasound-assisted drug delivery, ultrasonic battery charging of implants, etc. In many cases the temporal variation of propagating media properties leads to a degradation of the focusing. The in situ adjustment of radiated TRA signal is required in order to restore focusing. We present the feedback algorithm with Tikhonov regularization that enables the refocusing of acoustic field based on the changes in the focused signal received by a beacon. Temporal and spatial quality of the feedback refocusing was characterized experimentally using hydrophone and compared with standard TRA focusing. Algorithm is applicable for power delivery to implantable wireless cardiac pacemakers, percutaneous devices and neuro-stimulators.
Evaluation of a computational strategy to model transitory injection in rotating detonation combustors

The efficiency of a Rotating Detonation Combustor (RDC) strongly depends on the transitory injection process of fresh reactants in the combustion chamber: poor propellant mixing induces losses of combustion efficiency and consequently low detonation speed and unstable detonation propagation. Moreover, dilution of fresh reactants with burnt gases during injection increases the deflagration losses and decreases the pressure gain provided by the detonation. Numerical simulation can help design an efficient injector to reduce these losses. In this study, the modeling strategy previously proposed by ONERA to simulate the transitory injection process is applied to two existing experimental RDC (from Nagoya University and TU Berlin) and one in-development RDC from ONERA. The computational domain represents only one injection element, convenient for a parametric study at low computational cost. A custom initial condition is used to model the expansion process of burnt gases past a detonation wave. The initial condition parameters are discussed and a method is proposed to correctly set them. The TU Berlin RDC is studied in more detail: mixing efficiency up to 70% is obtained, and 5% of deflagration losses are estimated according to the assumptions of the simulation. Based on the numerical results, detonation speed was evaluated at various distances from the injection plane taking into account the heterogeneities of the fresh mixture. The measured speed lies within the predicted range.
Nomogram-based prediction of portal vein system thrombosis formation after splenectomy in patients with hepatolenticular degeneration

Objective Splenectomy is a vital treatment method for hypersplenism with portal hypertension. However, portal venous system thrombosis (PVST) is a serious problem after splenectomy. Therefore, constructing an effective visual risk prediction model is important for preventing, diagnosing, and treating early PVST in hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD) surgical patients. Methods Between January 2016 and December 2021, 309 HLD patients were selected. The data were split into a development set (215 cases from January 2016 to December 2019) and a validation set (94 cases from January 2019 to December 2021). Patients’ clinical characteristics and laboratory examinations were obtained from electronic medical record system, and PVST was diagnosed using Doppler ultrasound. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to establish the prediction model by variables filtered by LASSO regression, and a nomogram was drawn. The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test were used to evaluate the differentiation and calibration of the model. Clinical net benefit was evaluated by using decision curve analysis (DCA). The 36-month survival of PVST was studied as well. Results Seven predictive variables were screened out using LASSO regression analysis, including grade, POD14D-dimer (Postoperative day 14 D-dimer), POD7PLT (Postoperative day 7 platelet), PVD (portal vein diameter), PVV (portal vein velocity), PVF (portal vein flow), and SVD (splenic vein diameter). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that all seven predictive variables had predictive values (P < 0.05). According to the prediction variables, the diagnosis model and predictive nomogram of PVST cases were constructed. The AUC under the ROC curve obtained from the prediction model was 0.812 (95% CI: 0.756–0.869) in the development set and 0.839 (95% CI: 0.756–0.921) in the validation set. Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test fitted well (P = 0.858 for development set; P = 0.137 for validation set). The nomogram model was found to be clinically useful by DCA. The 36-month survival rate of three sites of PVST was significantly different from that of one (P = 0.047) and two sites (P = 0.023). Conclusion The proposed nomogram-based prediction model can predict postoperative PVST. Meanwhile, an earlier intervention should be performed on three sites of PVST.
Radial Basis Functions

In most feedforward networks, new information necessitates total retraining. This re-training's cost becomes prohibitive when there are many data points and many w eights. One way t o a v oid retraining particularly when large nets are involved is to allow hidden units to be sensitive only to a limited range of input patterns. One means of accomplishing this is by using radial basis functions as the activation functions of the hidden units. The learning set fv;yg is considered to be a sampled version of some continuous function yv that is not known. The goal is to construct an approximation from the samples which comes close to the true function yv. In the one-dimensional case, the continuous function yv is sampled at regular intervals and the task is to produce the reconstruction dv from the support points. If a high enough sampling rate is used then the solution is to apply an appropriate low-pass lter to the sequence of points, or spikes. The low-pass lter changes every spike i n to a point spread function given by the impulse response function of the low-pass lter and renders the approximating smooth function dv as the additive superposition of all the smoothed spikes. The approximation of an unknown probability function probv from a given learning set can be viewed as the combination of histogramming and smoothing. The histogram is established by 1. partitioning the whole measurement space into the required number of bins 2. counting how many points in the training set fall into each bin 1
A symmetric electrostatic lenses of three apertures

A least-squares collocation method has been used to calculate the potential distributions of electrostatic immersion lenses consisting of three thin coaxial apertures at three different potentials. The focal lengths, principal plane positions and spherical aberration coefficients have been obtained by numerical integration of the ray equations for a wide range of values of the aperture potentials and for various aperture diameters and spacings. The use of these lenses as zoom lenses is discussed.
Computational exploration of molecular flexibility and interaction of meropenem analogs with the active site of oxacillinase-23 in Acinetobacter baumannii

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections and is one of the biggest global threats according to the World Health Organization (WHO), particularly causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This study aimed at using computational approaches to screen meropenem and its analogs against OXA-23-positive Acinetobacter baumannii, analyzing the correlations between kinetic and phenotypic characteristics. Methods: A total of 5,450 compounds were screened using virtual screening workflow (HTVS, Glide-SP, and Glide-XP) to identify the best compounds based on their binding energy and interactions against OXA-23 and OXA-27 as they had phenotypic data available. Molecular dynamics simulation and density functional theory (DFT) studies were performed from the outcome of molecular docking analysis. Results: During simulations, meropenem and its analogs exhibited high-level stable interactions with Ser79, Ser126, Thr217, Trp219, and Arg259 of OXA-23. Meropenem displayed a CovDock energy of about −3.5 and −1.9 kcal mol-1 against OXA-23 and OXA-27, respectively. Among the 5,450 compounds, Pubchem_10645796, Pubchem_25224737, and ChEMBL_14 recorded CovDock energy between −6.0 and −9.0 kcal mol-1. Moreover, the infra-red (IR) spectrophotometric analysis revealed C=O and C-N atoms showing bands at 1,800 and 1,125 cm-1, respectively. These observed data are in congruence with the experimental observations. Conclusion: The identified compounds showed good agreement with the spectrophotometric analysis using DFT methods. In the earlier studies, meropenem’s MIC value was 32 μg mL−1 in OXA-23-positive isolate A2265 compared to the MIC of 1 μg mL−1 in Δbla OXA-23 A2265. Comparing the CovDock energy and hydrogen-bonding interactions, the predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental data reported earlier. Our results highlight the importance of OXA-23 molecular docking studies and their compliance with the phenotypic results. It will help further in developing newer antibiotics for treating severe infections associated with carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii.
Comparison of multiple treatment regimens in children with Helicobacter pylori infection: A network meta-analysis

Background Multiple regimens have been widely used in the eradication treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in children. However, there is a lack of comparison and evaluation of their effectiveness in different regions of the world. Methods Randomized controlled trials were retrieved. Review Manager 5.4, Stata SE 15 and R 4.0. 4 statistical software were used to analyze date. The ranking probability is assessed according to the surfaces under cumulative ranking (SUCRA). Results 163 studies were eligible for this study, involving 336 arms and 18,257 children, and 10 different interventions. The results showed that the eradication rates of sequential therapy with probiotics (SP), bismuth-containing quadruple (Quadruple) therapy, concomitant therapy and PCN therapy were at least 90%. Cumulative ranking showed that SP therapy had the best eradication effect (SUCRA 92.7%) whereas Bismuth-containing triple therapy (B) had the worst (SUCRA 3.5%). Subgroup analysis suggested that SP therapy ranked first in China and other regions, and the ranking of Triple therapy with probiotics therapy (TP) was equally stable (SUCRA 72.0% vs 76.4% respectively). The security of the SP and TP therapy had great advantages. Conclusions As for the eradication treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in children, SP therapy ranks highest. SP and TP therapies are most safe.
Novel Bionic Soft Robotic Hand With Dexterous Deformation and Reliable Grasping

Bionic soft robotic hand has been developed rapidly, as it can achieve considerable flexibility and mimic human hand to perform actions, such as grasping. This study develops a novel bionic soft robotic hand, which consists of a palm and five fingers that can operate independently. Unlike other soft hands, the fingers of the developed soft robotic hand are capable of stretching and bending. The thumb can mimic the joint activities of human thumb. An air chamber is placed on the back of robotic hand to mimic the elongation of muscles on the back of human hand. As such, the curvature of the palm can be changed. A particle jamming method is used in the hand palm to achieve passive variable stiffness during grasping, which improves the grasping stability of the bionic hand and the ability of wrapping target objects. Grasping experiments are conducted to evaluate and validate the grasping performance of the developed soft robotic hand. The experimental results show that the developed soft hand can effectively grasp sheet, columnar, and irregular objects when the driving pressure of finger and hand back is 50 and 40 kPa, respectively. The maximum grasping mass is comparable to the mass of the soft robotic hand.
Design of a Wide-Field Imaging FTS at High Spectral Resolution for Dome C

The paper starts from the rationale, already presented in 2004 at the first Toulouse meeting on astronomy at Dome C, to propose an infrared, wide-field Imaging FTS (IFTS) as a first generation instrument behind a 2 to 3 m optical telescope. Such an instrument could fully take advantage of all the properties of the site for imagery and spectroscopy and offer an instrument presently needed after the numerous imaging surveys. Simulations have been conducted to define the range of field size and of resolution which could be reachable. Then, derived from the study of H 2 Explorer (H2EX) an IFTS for a space project, an optical design for a 2 to 25 μ m instrument, imaging a 10 ' ×10 ' field, has been developed, based on a dual ouput interferometer, using cat's eyes retroreflectors in its arms. With a maximum optical path difference (OPD) of 30 cm a spectral resolution of 10 5 at 2 μ m (20 000 at 25 μ m) is possible with this field size, behind a PILOT-type telescope (2.4 m) and a minimum beam size of 80 mm within the interferometer. With the same optics and the same mechanism of control of the OPD, two interchangeable beamsplitters (2 to 5.5 μ m and 6 to 25 μ m) and the corresponding detector arrays (InSb and Si:As) cover the entire spectral range. The instrument must be cryogenic (temperature around 50 K) to make the thermal background from the optics negligible. The best sensitivity is obtained through narrow-band filters (2%) isolating lines in emission-line regions. Such a survey instrument has never been built before. It calls for a dedicated telescope for the best use of this type of instrument on the Dome C site.
Planetary Orbit Eccentricity Trends (POET). I. The Eccentricity–Metallicity Trend for Small Planets Revealed by the LAMOST–Gaia–Kepler Sample

Orbital eccentricity is one of the basic planetary properties, whose distribution may shed light on the history of planet formation and evolution. Here, in a series of works on Planetary Orbit Eccentricity Trends (dubbed POET), we study the distribution of planetary eccentricities and their dependence on stellar/planetary properties. In this paper, the first work of the POET series, we investigate whether and how the eccentricities of small planets depend on stellar metallicities (e.g., [Fe/H]). Previous studies on giant planets have found a significant correlation between planetary eccentricities and their host metallicities. Nevertheless, whether such a correlation exists for small planets (e.g., super-Earths and sub-Neptunes) remains unclear. Here, benefiting from the large and homogeneous LAMOST–Gaia–Kepler sample, we characterize the eccentricity distributions of 244 (286) small planets in single (multiple) transiting systems with the TDR method. We confirm the eccentricity–metallicity trend whereby the eccentricities of single small planets increase with stellar metallicities. Interestingly, a similar trend between eccentricity and metallicity is also found in the radial velocity sample. We also found that the mutual inclination of multiple transiting systems increases with metallicity, which predicts a moderate eccentricity–metallicity rising trend. Our results of the correlation between eccentricity (inclination) and metallicity for small planets support the core accretion model for planet formation, and they could be footprints of self (and/or external) excitation processes during the history of planet formation and evolution.
Bacterial taxonomic and functional profiles from Bohai Sea to northern Yellow Sea

Microbial distribution patterns are the result of a combination of biotic and abiotic factors, which are the core issues in microbial ecology research. To better understand the biogeographic pattern of bacteria in water environments from the Bohai Sea to the northern Yellow Sea, the effects of environmental factors, and spatial distance on the structure of bacterial communities in marine water were investigated using high-throughput sequencing technology based on 16S rRNA genes. The results showed that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteri, Desulfobacterota, and Bdellovibrionota were the dominant phyla in the study area. A clear spatial pattern in the bacterial community was observed, and environmental factors, including salinity, nutrient concentration, carbon content, total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, and seawater turbidity emerged as the central environmental factors regulating the variation in bacterial communities. In addition, the study provides direct evidence of the existence of dispersal limitation in this strongly connected marine ecological system. Therefore, these results revealed that the variation in bacterial community characteristics was attributed to environmental selection, accompanied by the regulation of stochastic diffusion. The network analysis demonstrated a nonrandom co-occurrence pattern in the microbial communities with distinct spatial distribution characteristics. It is implied that the biogeography patterns of bacterial community may also be associated with the characteristics of co-occurrence characterize among bacterial species. Furthermore, the PICRUSt analysis indicated a clear spatial distribution of functional characteristics in bacterial communities. This functional variation was significantly modulated by the environmental characteristics of seawater but uncoupled from the taxonomic characteristics of bacterial communities (e.g., diversity characteristics, community structure, and co-occurrence relationships). Together, this findings represent a significant advance in linking seawater to the mechanisms underlying bacterial biogeographic patterns and community assembly, co-occurrence patterns, and ecological functions, providing new insights for identifying the microbial ecology as well as the biogeochemical cycle in the marine environment.