Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STABILITY AND CONTINUITY IN COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE FROM EARLY TO LATE INFANCY

S t a b i l i t y and continuity in cognitive performance from e a r l y to l a t e infancy, by Rachel Cooper This research i s concerned with the s t a b i l i t y and continuity of cognitive measures throughout the infancy period. A review of the l i t e r a t u r e showed that standardised infant i n t e l l i g e n c e t e s t s f a i l to predict subsequent i n t e l l e c t u a l performance, and one reason for t h i s may be the dominance of motor based items in the t e s t s , and the r e l a t i v e dearth of measures r e f l e c t i n g cognitive a b i l i t y . Furthermore, i t has been suggested that measures from rec e n t l y developed procedures, which are considered to r e f l e c t learning, memory and discriminative a b i l i t y in infancy may constitute more useful predictive measures of l a t e r i n t e l l e c t u a l functioning. However, the r e l i a b i l i t i e s and inter-<x>r r e l a t i o n s between these measures have not been systematically studied. At 3 and 5 months of age infants were presented with a v a r i e t y of tasks, including, v i s u a l prefersnces, v i s u a l habituation, concept acquisition, cross-modal integration, operant conditioning and other measures of attention and vocalisation. From these, measures were examined in terms of t h e i r across and within sessions r e l i a b i l i t i e s . Age appropriate tasks were given to the same sample of infants at 9 months of age, and a s e r i e s of infant i n t e l l i g e n c e s c a l e s and subscales were administered at 18 months. Corr e l a t i o n s between the r e l i a b l e measures across age were examined. The r e s u l t s indicated that a number of measures at 3 months were r e l i a b l e , and predictive of performance on tasks at 9 months and 18 months. Sp e c i f i c a l l y , the predictive measures from e a r l y infancy tended to r e f l e c t aspects of fixation duration, and these were re l a t e d to measures of attention and manual exploration at 9 months, ar:-1 . •'=ii\A'. \ -al-lViLy =1 10 rrvoirulto. Tiie pr:i? cu.ci:'i:d i::3a3ur'^ at 9 months were also related to the 18 month v e r b a l measures, indicating some degree of continuity across these ages. The data are t e n t a t i v e l y interpreted in terms of a speed of processing model of i n t e l l i g e n c e and the implications for models of continuity and the implications for future research are discussed.
Effects of Action Observation on Physical Training After Stroke

Background and Purpose— In healthy humans, observation of another individual performing a motor training task (action observation [AO]) facilitates, in the observer, the effects of physical training (PT) on motor memory formation. It is not known whether this facilitatory process, of potential value for neurorehabilitation, occurs after stroke. Methods— Eight chronic stroke patients completed this crossover-randomized investigation. A transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol that tests formation of motor memories was used to determine the effects of PT alone and in combination with AO in 2 different forms: congruent (PT+AOcongruent) and incongruent (PT+AOincongruent) to the practiced task. Results— The magnitude of motor memory formation was larger with PT+AOcongruent than with PT alone or PT+ AOincongruent. This effect was associated with a differential corticomotor excitability change in the muscles acting as agonist and antagonist of the trained/observed movements. Conclusions— These results indicate that congruent AO in association with physical training can enhance the effects of motor training after stroke.
Novel Current Sensing Circuit for IDDQ Testing

This paper presents a new current monitoring circuit that detects faults using the current testing technique in CMOS integrated circuits. This circuit employs cross-coupled PMOS transistors, it is used as a current comparator. The proposed circuit is a negligible impact on the performance of the circuit under test (CUT). In addition, no extra power dissipation and high-speed fault detection are achieved. It can be applicable deep sub-micron process. The validity and effectiveness are verified through the HSPICE simulation on circuits with faults. The area overhead of a BICS versus the entire chip is about 9.2%. The chip was fabricated with Hynix 0.35 um 2-poly 4-metal N-well CMOS process.
The effect of inhaled nitric oxide on pulmonary ventilation-perfusion matching following smoke inhalation injury.

BACKGROUND We previously reported that inhaled nitric oxide (NO) improved pulmonary function following smoke inhalation. This study evaluates the physiologic mechanism by which inhaled NO improves pulmonary function in an ovine model. METHODS Forty-eight hours following wood smoke exposure to produce a moderate inhalation injury, 12 animals were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated (FIO2, 0.40; tidal volume, 15 mL/kg; PEEP, 5 cm H2O) for 3 hours. For the first and third hours, each animal was ventilated without NO: for the second hour, all animals were ventilated with 40 ppm NO. Cardiopulmonary variables and blood gases were measured every 30 minutes. The multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET) was performed during the latter 30 minutes of each hour. The data were analyzed by ANOVA. RESULTS Pulmonary arterial hypertension and hypoxemia following smoke inhalation were significantly attenuated by inhaled NO compared with the values without NO (p < 0.05, ANOVA). Smoke inhalation resulted in a significant increase in blood flow distribution to low VA/Q areas (VA/Q < 0.10) with increased VA/Q dispersion. These changes were only partially attenuated by the use of inhaled NO. The SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride) retention ratio was also decreased by inhaled NO. Peak inspiratory pressures and pulmonary resistance values were not affected by inhaled NO. CONCLUSIONS Inhaled NO moderately improved VA/Q mismatching following smoke inhalation by causing selective pulmonary vasodilation of ventilated areas in the absence of bronchodilation. This modest effect appears to be limited by the severe inflammatory changes that occur as a consequence of smoke exposure.
Commentary on "Apoptosis, p53, and Tumor Cell Sensitivity to Anticancer Agents".

Visit the Cancer Research 75th Anniversary [timeline][1]. See related article by Brown and Wouters, [Cancer Res 1999;59:1391–9][2] . In 1999, a review on apoptosis, p53, and tumor cell sensitivity to anticancer agents was published in Cancer Research ([1][3]). TP53 is one of the most commonly
Effects of ankle–foot orthoses on mediolateral foot-placement ability during post-stroke gait

Background: Accurate and precise mediolateral foot placement is important for balance during gait, but is impaired post stroke. Mediolateral foot placement may be improved with ankle–foot orthosis use. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether an ankle–foot orthosis improves mediolateral foot-placement ability during post-stroke ambulation. Study design: Crossover trial with randomized order of conditions tested. Methods: The accuracy and precision of mediolateral foot placement was quantified while subjects targeted four different randomized step widths. Subjects were tested with and without their regular non-rigid ankle–foot orthosis in two separate visits (order randomized). Results: While ankle–foot orthosis use corrected foot and ankle alignment (i.e. significantly decreased mid-swing plantar flexion, p = 0.000), effects of ankle–foot orthosis use on hip hiking (p = 0.545), circumduction (p = 0.179), coronal plane hip range of motion (p = 0.06), and mediolateral foot-placement ability (p = 0.537) were not significant. Conclusion: While ankle–foot orthosis–mediated equinovarus correction of the affected foot and ankle was not associated with improved biomechanics of walking (i.e. proximal ipsilateral hip kinematics or mediolateral foot-placement ability), it may affect other aspects of balance that were not tested in this study (e.g. proprioception, cerebellar, vestibular, and cognitive mechanisms). Clinical relevance Studies that investigate the effect of ankle–foot orthosis on gait can help advance stroke rehabilitation by documenting the specific gait benefits of ankle–foot orthosis use. In this study, we investigated the effect of ankle–foot orthosis use on mediolateral foot-placement ability, an aspect of gait important for maintaining balance.
Public Experiences, Knowledge and Expectations about Medical Genetics and the Use of Genetic Information

Objective: The objectives of this study were (1) to explore public experiences, genetic knowledge, expectations of future medical genetic developments, and the attitudes towards the use of genetic information, and (2) to determine whether there are subject characteristics associated with these variables. Methods: Participants (n = 1,308, age ≧25 years) of a Dutch consumer panel were sent a questionnaire, specifically designed for this study. Results: Response was 63% (817/1,308). A minority of respondents reported to know someone with a hereditary disease (34%) or to have used a genetic test (8%). Overall, 57% perceived a lack of genetic knowledge. In multivariate analyses, high self-rated knowledge, younger age, having heard of genetic testing, high educational level, female gender, having children living at home, being a health professional, and familiarity with genetic testing were positively associated with genetic knowledge. Future expectations of the consequences of developments in medical genetics varied between the subjects. The great majority expected great benefits for medical practice such as an increasing use of genetic aspects of disease for diagnosis or prevention. One fifth, mainly older people, anticipated a negative impact of genetic developments on society. The results also show that most people are reserved to share their genetic information with others, especially with regard to the wider public domain (e.g. industry and insurers) and employers. Remarkably, respondents were more willing to share their genetic information with scientific researchers (68%) than with their relatives (54%). Conclusion: This study suggests that although one fifth anticipates negative consequences of genetic developments, the great majority has high expectations about the increasing use of genetics in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In developing educational programmes about genetic innovations in medicine, policymakers will have to take into account pre-existing lay knowledge, views and expectations of different groups of citizens towards these developments.
Bridging the Gap Between and Beyond School Science Through Collaboration: Promoting Science Teachers’ Professional Development Through Diversity and Equal Partnership

In recent times, Taiwan’s grade 1-9 science curriculum has been undergoing landmark reform that emphasizes continuity between elementary and secondary school science, integration among different science subjects, and connections between textbooks and students’ life experiences. School teachers are expected to grow professionally to meet the new challenges that have arisen from this reform. This study intends to investigate how in-service science teachers grow professionally in a collaborative professional development project based on an interactive development/improvement model operating on the principles of diversity and equal partnership. A group of science teachers and university experts with diverse backgrounds collaborated on a two-year curriculum development project. We collected and analyzed various types of qualitative data, using interviews, videotapes of discussions, and written reflections. The results show that this model succeeded in enabling teachers to grow professionally as curriculum developers and active leaders. We found that diversity and equal partnership were the key factors responsible for the success of this project, and believe the two factors should be taken into account when creating teacher professional development programs.
Is Someone There ? Where ? ( Looking for People )

machines that can interact with them as they interact with each other. Science fiction writers have given us these goals in the form of HAL in 2001: A Space Odyssey and Commander Data in Star Trek: The Next Generation. However, at present, our computers are deaf, dumb, and blind, almost unaware of the environment they are in and of the user who interacts with them. In this article, I present the current state of the art in machines that can see people, recognize them, determine their gaze, understand their facial expressions and hand gestures, and interpret their activities. I believe that by building machines with such abilities for perceiving, people will take us one step closer to building HAL and Commander Data.
Temporal alignment

In order to process interval timestamped data, the sequenced semantics has been proposed. This paper presents a relational algebra solution that provides native support for the three properties of the sequenced semantics: snapshot reducibility, extended snapshot reducibility, and change preservation. We introduce two temporal primitives, temporal splitter and temporal aligner, and define rules that use these primitives to reduce the operators of a temporal algebra to their nontemporal counterparts. Our solution supports the three properties of the sequenced semantics through interval adjustment and timestamp propagation. We have implemented the temporal primitives and reduction rules in the kernel of PostgreSQL to get native database support for processing interval timestamped data. The support is comprehensive and includes outer joins, antijoins, and aggregations with predicates and functions over the time intervals of argument relations. The implementation and empirical evaluation confirms effectiveness and scalability of our solution that leverages existing database query optimization techniques.
Getting Beyond ‘Mustn't Grumble’ and ‘What Can I Expect At My Age’: A Narrative Approach to Older Women’s Health Stories

When asked by researchers to rate their health, many older women reply: “Mustn’t grumble”. Other older women, who objectively may manifest similar or fewer health problems but may have internalised ageist and sexist assumptions, will reply: “What can I expect at my age”. Indeed, the discrepancy between so-called “objective” measures of health in later life and lay perspectives is well reported in the literature on old age. However, little attention has been paid to the way in which these diverse responses arise from older women’s attempts to make sense of changing health circumstances in the context of their individual, and collective life course, and growing old in an ageist society. This chapter, therefore, seeks to raise such a discussion by drawing on data derived from recent empirical research on older women and biography (Chambers, 2002a) to explore the interaction of personal/collective biography, ageism and current self reported health in the types of ‘health stories’ older women tell.
Vitronectin is a constituent of ocular drusen and the vitronectin gene is expressed in human retinal pigmented epithelial cells

Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) leads to dysfunction and degeneration of retinal photoreceptor cells. This disease is characterized, in part, by the development of extracellular deposits called drusen. The presence of drusen is correlated with the development of AMD, although little is known about drusen composition or biogenesis. Drusen form within Bruch's membrane, a stratified extracellular matrix situated between the retinal pigmented epithelium and choriocapillaris. Because of this association, we sought to determine whether drusen contain known extracellular matrix constituents. Antibodies directed against a battery of extracellular matrix molecules were screened on drusen‐containing sections from human donor eyes, including donors with clinically documented AMD. Antibodies directed against vitronectin, a plasma protein and extracellular matrix component, exhibit intense and consistent reactivity with drusen; antibodies to the conformationally distinct, heparin binding form of human vitronectin are similarly immunoreactive. No differences in vitronectin immunoreactivity between hard and soft drusen, or between macular and extramacular regions, have been observed. RT‐PCR analyses revealed that vitronectin mRNA is expressed in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE)‐choroidal complex and cultured RPE cells. These data document that vitronectin is a major constituent of human ocular drusen and that vitronectin mRNA is synthesized locally. Based on these data, we propose that vitronectin may participate in the pathogenesis of AMD. —Hageman, G. S. , Mullins, R. F. , Russell, S. R. , Johnson, L. V. , Anderson, D. H. Vitronectin is a constituent of ocular drusen and the vitronectin gene is expressed in human retinal pigmented epithelial cells. FASEB J. 13, 477–484 (1999)
Coping Style and Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenic Patients

It is important to know how people with a schizophrenic disorder experience their cognitive vulnerability and how that experience affects their daily lives. Rehabilitation, as we understand it, has the aim of stimulating patients to make the best use of their residual capacities, especially in dealing with social complexity. Unfortunately, the rehabilitation approach in psychiatry still lacks a firm scientific basis. Strong links need to be developed between the practice of rehabilitation and theories of basic cognitive and behavioural dysfunction in schizophrenic patients (Watts & Bennett, 1983). It is a prerequisite that the subjective experiences of patients are included in this endeavour: schizophrenia is an ‘I am’ illness (Estroff, 1989).
Long-term effects of Ménière's disease on hearing and quality of life.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate long-term hearing results and quality of life in patients with Ménière's disease. STUDY DESIGN Detailed audiometric evaluation and disease-specific as well as global health quality evaluation of patients with Ménière's disease. SETTING Ambulatory evaluation was conducted in a large multispecialty clinic. PATIENTS Ménière's disease in only one ear, were at least 1 year posttreatment, were < 65 years of age, had no neurologic or psychologic disorders, and lived within driving distance of the ambulatory clinic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Audiometry, the Hearing Handicap Inventory, Dizziness Handicap Inventory, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, and SF-36 Health Survey. RESULTS No statistically significant differences in long-term hearing results were detected from natural history in medically or surgically treated patients with Ménière's disease. A significant disease-specific symptom handicap was detected. The global health handicap was greater for emotional disability than for physical disability. CONCLUSIONS Medical and surgical treatment does not significantly influence hearing results in Ménière's disease. Patients with Ménière's disease have a greater emotional disability than a physical disability.
Improving Differential Evolution With a Successful-Parent-Selecting Framework

An effective and efficient successful-parent-selecting framework is proposed to improve the performance of differential evolution (DE) by providing an alternative for the selection of parents during mutation and crossover. The proposed method adapts the selection of parents by storing successful solutions into an archive, and the parents are selected from the archive when a solution is continuously not updated for an unacceptable amount of time. The proposed framework provides more promising solutions to guide the evolution and effectively helps DE escaping the situation of stagnation. The simulation results show that the proposed framework significantly improves the performance of two original DEs and six state-of-the-art algorithms in four real-world optimization problems and 30 benchmark functions.
Alternative Intracellular Routing of ErbB Receptors May Determine Signaling Potency*

The ErbB signaling module consists of four receptor tyrosine kinases and several dozen ligands that activate specific homo- and heterodimeric complexes of ErbB proteins. Combinatorial ligand/receptor/effector interactions allow large potential for signal diversification. Here we addressed the possibility that turn-off mechanisms enhance the diversification potential. Concentrating on ErbB-1 and two of its ligands, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor α (TGF-α), and the Neu differentiation factor (NDF/neuregulin) and one of its receptors, ErbB-3, we show that ligand binding variably accelerates endocytosis of the respective ligand-receptor complex. However, unlike the EGF-activated ErbB-1, which is destined primarily to degradation in lysosomes, NDF and TGF-α direct their receptors to recycling, probably because these ligands dissociate from their receptors earlier along the endocytic pathway. In the case of NDF, structural, as well as biochemical, analyses imply that ligand degradation occurs at a relatively late endosomal stage. Attenuation of receptor down-regulation by this mechanism apparently confers to both NDF and TGF-α more potent and prolonged signaling activity. In conclusion, alternative endocytic trafficking of ligand-ErbB complexes may tune and diversify signal transduction by EGF family ligands.
Traffic flow modeling and limitation on the coexistence of WAVE and WLAN

Traffic flow modeling is important to the performance analysis/evaluation of services provided by Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANET), and is also a useful guidance to the deployment of VANET. Different from prior work based on empirical data collected decades ago, in this work, we collect a large amount of empirical traffic flow data from five typical overhead road segments during two different time periods recently in Shanghai. Statistical results in a short time scale (i.e., within half an hour) show that the lane-level traffic volumes/vehicles' velocities in the monitored road segments followed truncated Gaussian distribution (with a match rate of roughly 90%) better than Poisson distribution (with a match rate of roughly 80%) which is normally assumed in the literature. Traffic flow characteristic in a long time scale (i.e., in a day or a week) is also presented, which shows that the traffic density in the night and daytime are very different, however, the traffic flow density in the daytime stays high. With the obtained traffic flow characteristics, we discuss the possibility of the coexistence of WAVE and WLAN in 5.9G band according to the Federal Communications Commission's intention, and point out that for areas in the vicinity of a overhead road inside Outer Ring road in Shanghai, it is not practical for WLAN devices to operate on 5.9G WAVE band.