Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-Power Miniature $K$ -Band Sensors for Dielectric Characterization of Biomaterials

This paper presents the design and comparison of three <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band sensing oscillators in the standard 0.25-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> SiGe:C BiCMOS technology featuring an open stub, a shunt stub, and a combination of both. The different stub types are combined with the capacitive and/or inductive elements of the particular oscillator and serve as the sensing elements in the respective setup. The input impedances of the stubs depend on the permittivity of the medium. Therefore, the oscillation frequencies and the output power correspond to the dielectric material under test (MUT). The sensor response to different dielectric properties has been investigated using different compositions of methanol-ethanol solutions. In the conducted experiments, the proposed architectures show a maximum frequency shift of 5% (27.8–26.4 GHz) for a change in permittivity of 2.4 (4.1–6.5) of the MUT. Each of three sensors has a chip area of 0.6 mm<sup>2</sup> and consumes less than a 12-mW power. The proposed sensor is a potential component for future low-power frontends to perform minimally invasive investigations of biomaterials.
Protective Measures, Personal Experience, and the Affective Psychology of Time

We examined the role of time and affect in intentions to purchase a risk‐protective measure (Studies 1 and 2) and explored participant abilities to factor time into the likelihood judgments that presumably underlie such intentions (Study 3). Participants worried more about losing their possessions and were more likely to purchase a protective measure given a longer term lease than a short‐term lease, but only if their belongings were described in affect‐poor terms. If described instead as being particularly special and affect‐rich, participants neglected time and were about equally likely to purchase a risk‐protective measure for shorter and longer term leases. However, and consistent with prior literature, the cognitive mechanism underlying this time‐neglect‐with‐affect‐richness effect seemed to be the greater use of the affect heuristic in the shorter term than the longer term. Study 2 results demonstrated that prior experience with having been burglarized amplified the interactive effect of time and affect. Greater deliberation did not attenuate this effect as hypothesized whether deliberation was measured through numeracy or manipulated through instructions. The results of Study 3 indicated that few participants are able to calculate correctly the risk numbers necessary to take time into account. Two possible solutions to encourage more purchases of protective measures in the long term are discussed.
Adaptive and Reliable ParallelComputing9 Networks of Workstations

In this paper, we present the design of Cilk-NOW, a runtime system that adaptively and reliably executes functional Cilk programs in parallel on a network of UNIX workstations. Cilk (pronounced "silk") is a parallel multithreaded extension of the C language, and all Cilk runtime systems employ a provably efficient threadscheduling algorithm. Cilk-NOW is such a runtime system, and in addition, Cilk-NOW automatically delivers adaptive and reliable execution for a functional subset of Cilk programs. By adaptive execution, we mean that each Cilk program dynamically utilizes a changing set of otherwise-idle workstations. By reliable execution, we mean that the Cilk-NOW system as a whole and each executing Cilk program are able to tolerate machine and network faults. Cilk-NOW provides these features while programs remain fault oblivious, meaning that Cilk programmers need not code for fault tolerance. Throughout this paper, we focus on end-to-end design decisions, and we show how these decisions allow the design to exploit high-level algorithmic properties of the Cilk programming model in order to simplify and streamline the implementation.
Specificity and context in post-exercise recovery: it is not a one-size-fits-all approach

The concept of specificity of exercise prescription and training is a longstanding and widely accepted foundation of the exercise sciences. Simply, the principle holds that training adaptations are achieved relative to the stimulus applied. That is, the manipulation of training variables (e.g. intensity or loading, mode, volume and frequency) directly influences the acute training stimulus, and so the long-term adaptive response (Young et al., 2001; Bird et al., 2005). Translating this concept to practice then recommends that exercise be prescribed specific to the desired outcomes, and the more closely this is achieved, the greater the performance gain is likely to be. However, the cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations traditionally associated with long, slow distance training types, similarly achieved using high-intensity training methods (for a review see Gibala et al., 2012), highlights understanding of underlying physiology as paramount for effective training program design. Various other factors including illness, sleep and psychology also impact on the training stimulus (Halson, 2014) and must be managed collectively with appropriate post-exercise recovery to continue performance improvements and reduce overtraining and injury risks (Kentta and Hassmen, 1998).
Evidence for a Common Origin of Most Friedreich Ataxia Chromosomes in the Spanish Population

Haplotype analysis is a powerful approach to understand the spectrum of mutations accounting for a disease in a homogeneous population. We show that haplotype variation for 10 markers linked to the Friedreich ataxia locus (FRDA) argues in favor of an important mutation homogeneity in the Spanish population, and positions the FRDA locus in the region where it has been recently isolated. We also report the finding of a new single nucleotide polymorphism called FAD1. The new marker shows a very strong linkage disequilibrium with Friedreich ataxia (FA) in both the Spanish and French populations, suggesting the existence of an ancient and widespread FRDA mutation. Inclusion of FAD1 in the extended haplotype analysis has allowed to postulate that this main FRDA mutation could account for 50–90% of the disease chromosomes. The results indicate that FA, despite clinical heterogeneity, could have originated from a few initial mutations.
Dynamic concept maps for music

Concepts maps are used to represent domain knowledge, mostly by attaching word labels to a static graph. For concepts and relations which unfold in time, this representation is not well suited because temporal relations have to be mapped to static ones. This can be useful to understand and memorize structures, but it detaches the representation in the map from its temporal nature. One approach of introducing dynamics into concept maps is the integration of multimedia elements. These elements can display dynamic content like audio and video, but do not affect the map's structure. The temporal aspect of a domain can be represented in a concept map by changing the appearance of nodes or edges over time. A second approach is to change the perspective on the map, e.g. showing a different part of the map, and a third one is to change the structure of the map dynamically. The first and the third approach have been realized by the authors in a prototypical software for mapping musical structures. Music provides an excellent test bed for dynamic concept maps, since is has complex inherent temporal structures (e.g. harmony, rhythm, form). Our software supports dynamic mapping by using dynamic nodes displays, e.g. with a cursor highlighting the song position, and by allowing to change the structure according to music playback, e.g. showing only nodes that are currently played back, or building up a map during playback.
Personality, the Theory of Planned Behavior, and Exercise: A Unique Role for Extroversion's Activity Facet1

The primary purpose of this study was to determine if the theory of planned behavior (TPB) mediated the relationship between selected personality traits (i.e., extroversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness) and exercise behavior using structural equation modeling. Based on previous research, it was hypothesized that extroversion (E) would have a significant direct effect on exercise behavior while controlling for the TPB. A secondary purpose was to explore whether the facets of these personality domains had significant effects on TPB constructs or exercise behavior while controlling for the general personality domains. Female undergraduate students (N= 301) completed measures of the TPB, the Five-Factor model of personality, and a 1-month exercise behavior follow-up. Model 1 resulted in a direct effect of E on exercise behavior. Model 2 suggested a significantly better fit when direct effects of E's activity facet were freed for estimation. Moreover, freeing these effects rendered the effects of general E nonsignificant. It was concluded that the direct effect of E on exercise behavior found in previous research might be explained entirely by the activity facet of E.
Using peer feedback in the ESL writing class

Although both research and practice have generally supported the use of peer feedback activities in ESL and L2 writing classes, many teachers (and most students) are less than convinced of its usefulness in their own particular situation. The objective of this article is to brie ? y summarize some of the main arguments in favour and against peer feedback, and to explain how teachers can establish a positive context for e = ective peer group response by organizing proper procedures and training.
Recreation of the transnational symbol after September 11

This study provides a socio‐psychoanalytic lens by means of the works of psychoanalysts Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan together with social theorists Michel Foucault and Pierre Bourdieu in understanding why New York City has been expanding vertically and what this architectonic verticality tells us about power. The study focuses on Manhattan because it is the very place where the skyscraper form was fully exploited. It sets the historical and economic background for the skyscraper form, offers a psychoanalytic lens to the relationship between the subject and the built environment, establishes the workings of diffuse power relations as mediated by the built environment, and examines the relationship between the subject and the skyscraper form as a masked power dispersal as exemplified by the proposed ‘Freedom Tower’ in New York. The conclusion establishes the assertion that the skyscraper form mediates masked power relations, becoming an objectification of the ego ideal.
The Impact of Goal Orientation on the Association between Leadership Style and Follower Performance, Creativity and Work Attitudes

This study examines whether goal orientation — which refers to whether individuals strive to learn skills, attract favourable evaluations, or minimize unfavourable judgments — influences whether transformational leadership improves employee performance, creativity and work attitudes. A sample of 263 employees completed a questionnaire in which they assessed their own goal orientation and commitment, as well as evaluated the leadership style of their supervisor. Moreover, these supervisors appraised the performance and creativity of their employees. The findings revealed that a learning orientation magnified the benefits of contingent reward — in which leaders provide clear incentives to motivate employees — on normative commitment. Furthermore, when employees endeavoured to attract favourable evaluations, intellectual stimulation was more likely to foster normative commitment. Finally, when employees endeavored to minimize unfavourable judgments, inspirational motivation diminished affective commitment to the organization. These findings suggest the goal orientation of employees should be optimized before plans to encourage transformational leadership are instituted.
A generalized turbo principle for approximate detection and decoding

Optimal joint detection and decoding is infeasible in all but the simplest of communication systems due to the required exhaustive search. A highly popular approximate method for solving this problem is the so-called Turbo principle, in which single-variable beliefs are exchanged between the individual components of the system in an iterative manner. In this paper, the Turbo principle is generalized to allow the exchange of multi-variable beliefs between components by specifying an overall region graph for the entire system. As a result, a larger part of the interdependency between components can be captured leading to a better overall approximation to the exact marginals. Consequently, the resulting soft-information is of a higher quality and a lower error rate closer to that obtainable from the exact marginals may be achieved at any decision point.
Airways inflammation and treatment during acute exacerbations of COPD

Introduction Inflammation is a core feature of acute chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. It is important to focus on inflammation since it gives insight into the pathological changes causing an exacerbation, thereby possibly providing directions for future therapies which modify inflammation. Objectives To provide a cell-by-cell overview of the inflammatory processes during COPD exacerbations. To evaluate cell activation, and cytokine production, cellular interactions, damaging effects of inflammatory mediators to tissue, and the relation to symptoms at the onset of COPD exacerbations. To speculate on future therapeutic options to modify inflammation during COPD exacerbations. Results During COPD exacerbations, there is increased airway wall inflammation, with pathophysiological influx of eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. Although links have been suggested between the increase in eosinophils and lymphocytes and a viral etiology of the exacerbation, and between the increase in neutrophils and a bacterial aetiology, these increases in both inflammatory cell types are not limited to the respective aetiologies and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Conclusion Further research is required to fully understand the inflammatory mechanisms in the onset and development of COPD exacerbations. This might make inflammatory pathway-specific intervention possible, resulting in a more effective treatment of COPD exacerbations with fewer side effects.
Confirmatory Tests for the Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism: A Prospective Diagnostic Accuracy Study

The diagnosis of primary aldosteronism typically requires at least one confirmatory test. The fludrocortisone suppression test is generally accepted as a reliable confirmatory test, but it is cumbersome. Evidence from accuracy studies of the saline infusion test (SIT) and the captopril challenge test (CCT) has provided conflicting results. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the SIT and CCT using fludrocortisone suppression test as the reference standard. One hundred thirty-five patients diagnosed with primary aldosteronism and 101 patients diagnosed with essential hypertension who completed the 3 confirmatory tests were included for the diagnostic accuracy analysis. The areas under the receiver–operator characteristics curves of the CCT and SIT were 0.96 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92–0.98) and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.92–0.98), respectively, using post-test plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) for diagnosis. However, the areas under the receiver–operator characteristics curves of the CCT decreased to 0.71 (95% CI, 0.65–0.77) when the PAC suppression percentage was used to diagnose primary aldosteronism. The optimal cutoff of PAC post-CCT was set at 11 ng/dL, resulting in a sensitivity of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.84–0.95) and a specificity of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.83–0.95), which were not significantly different from those of SIT (with PAC post-SIT set at 8 ng/dL, sensitivity: 0.85 [95% CI, 0.78–0.91], P=0.192; specificity: 0.92 [95% CI, 0.85–0.97], P=0.551). In conclusion, both CCT and SIT are accurate alternatives to the more complex fludrocortisone suppression test. Because CCT is safe and much easier to perform, it may serve as a more feasible alternative. When interpreting the results of CCT, PAC post-CCT is highly recommended.
Climate Modulation of North Atlantic Hurricane Tracks

The variability of North Atlantic tropical storm and hurricane tracks, and its relationship to climate variability, is explored. Tracks from the North Atlantic hurricane database for the period 1950‐2007 are objectively separated into four groups using a cluster technique that has been previously applied to tropical cyclones in other ocean basins. The four clusters form zonal and meridional separations of the tracks. The meridional separation largely captures the separation between tropical and more baroclinic systems, while the zonal separation segregates Gulf of Mexico and Cape Verde storms. General climatologies of the seasonality, intensity, landfall probability, and historical destructiveness of each cluster are documented, and relationships between cluster membership and climate variability across a broad spectrum of time scales are identified. Composites, with respect to cluster membership, of sea surface temperature and other environmental fields show that regional and remote modes of climate variability modulate the cluster members in substantially
Random Forest profiling attack on advanced encryption standard

Random Forest, a non-parametric classifier, is proposed for byte-wise profiling attack on advanced encryption standard AES and shown to improve results on PIC microcontrollers, especially in high-dimensional variable spaces. It is shown in this research that data collected from 40 PIC microcontrollers exhibited highly non-Gaussian variables. For the full-dimensional dataset consisting of 50,000 variables, Random Forest correctly extracted all 16 bytes of the AES key. For a reduced set of 2,700 variables captured during the first round of the encryption, Random Forest achieved success rates as high as 100% for cross-device attacks on 40 PIC microcontrollers from four different device families. With further dimensionality reduction, Random Forest still outperformed classical template attack for this dataset, requiring fewer traces and achieving higher success rates with lower misclassification rate. The importance of analysing the system noise in choosing a classifier for profiling attack is examined and demonstrated through this work.
Anti‐bullying practices in American schools: Perspectives of school psychologists

A random sample of 213 school psychologists working in a school setting completed a survey on their schools' current anti-bullying practices. Talking with bullies following bullying incidents, disciplinary consequences for bullies, and increasing adult supervision were the three most frequently used strategies. Peer juries/court, an anti-bullying committee, and peer counselors were least frequently used, according to respondents. School-wide positive behavior support, modifying space and schedule, and immediate responses to bullying incidents were perceived as most effective, whereas avoiding contact between bullies and victims, a zero-tolerance policy with bullies, and a written anti-bullying policy were least effective. Results and implications are discussed within the context of empirically supported practices. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence of serious eye disease and visual impairment in a north London population: population based, cross sectional study

Abstract Objective: To estimate the magnitude of serious eye disorders and of visual impairment in a defined elderly population of a typical metropolitan area in England, and to assess the frequency they were in touch with, or known to, the eye care services. Design: Cross sectional survey using two stage cluster random sampling. Setting: General practices in north London. Subjects: Random sample of people aged 65 and older, drawn from a defined population of elderly people registered with 17 general practice groups. Main outcome measures: Proportions and population prevalence estimates were determined for visual acuity, assessed with the person's own spectacles (if any), classified into four categories: prevalence of cataract, age related macular degeneration, and refractive error causing visual impairment and of definite primary open angle glaucoma; and status of contact with eye services. Results: 1547 of 1840 (84%) eligible people were examined. The population prevalence of bilateral visual impairment (visual acuity <6/12) was 30%, of which 72% was potentially remediable. 92 of these 448 cases (21%) had visual acuity <6/60 (“blindness”) in one or both eyes. Prevalence of cataract causing visual impairment was 30%; 88% of these people were not in touch with the eye services. The prevalence of vision impairing, age related macular degeneration was 8% and of glaucoma (definite cases) was 3%. Three quarters of the people with definite glaucoma were not known to the eye services. Conclusions: Untreated visual impairment and eye disorders affect a substantial proportion of people aged 65 years and older. These findings should contribute to the setting up of future strategies for preservation of sight and eye health services in general. Key messages Data have not been adequate to reliably estimate the extent of visual impairment and serious eye disease in metropolitan areas in Britain Data from north London shows that 30% of a sample of the population aged 65 or older are visually impaired in both eyes More than 72% of the bilateral visual impairment was potentially remediable by surgery or glasses, nearly one in three people had visually impairing cataract, and 88% of these people were not in touch with eye services Eye problems were more prevalent in people living in relatively underprivileged areas
Microbial community structure and global trace gases

Global change can affect soil processes by either altering the functioning of existing organisms or by restructuring the community, modifying the fundamental physiologies that drive biogeochemical processes. Thus, not only might process rates change, but the controls over them might also change. Moreover, previously insignificant processes could become important. These possibilities raise the question ‘Will changes in climate and land use restructure microbial communities in a way that will alter trace gas fluxes from an ecosystem? ’ Process studies indicate that microbial community structure can influence trace gas dynamics at a large scale. For example, soil respiration and CH4 production both show ranges of temperature response among ecosystems, indicating differences in the microbial communities responsible. There are three patterns of NH4 inhibition of CH4 oxidation at the ecosystem scale: no inhibition, immediate inhibition, and delayed inhibition; these are associated with different CH4 oxidizer communities. Thus, it is possible that changes in climate, land-use, and disturbance regimes could alter microbial communities in ways that would substantially alter trace gas fluxes; we discuss the data supporting this conclusion. We also discuss approaches to developing research linking microbial community structure and activity to the structure and functioning of the whole ecosystem. Modern techniques allow us to identify active organisms even if they have not been cultivated; in combination with traditional experimental approaches we should be able to identify the linkages between these active populations and the processes they carry out at the ecosystem level. Finally, we describe scenarios of how global change could alter trace gas fluxes by altering microbial communities and how understanding the microbial community dynamics could improve our ability to predict future trace gas fluxes.