Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secure Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks using WEAP Protocol

Wireless sensor networks are usually deployed for gathering data from unattended or hostile environment. Many sensor network routing protocols have been proposed, but they are very defenseless to security threats. Due to limitations of sensor devices, the networks are susceptible to hackers, it is possible for one to enter and render a network. In this paper we focus on a secure routing protocol called Wireless Extensible Authentication Protocol (WEAP). This protocol offers many security benefits to WSN’s. Wireless EAP provides username/password-based authentication between a wireless client and a RADIUS server. WEAP only employs one base station and always assumes that it is trustworthy. This protocol tends to significantly reduce the attacks and increase the network performance.
Marrow fat may distribute the energy of impact loading throughout subchondral bone

Abstract Most students of articular mechanics consider impact loads to be compressive forces that are borne by an intraosseous, trabecular scaffold. The possible role of marrow fat, which comprises about 75% of the structure, is generally ignored, and the potential contribution of type 1 collagen, the prototypic tensile protein, is not considered. Here, I question the evidence underlying these omissions and reject the conclusion of exclusive trabecular compression. Instead, I suggest that impact loading pressurizes the fat in subchondral compartments, and those pressures stretch the elastic trabecular walls, which are thereby subjected to tensile loading. The load-driven pressure pulses then diminish as they pass from each compartment to its adjoining neighbours. The resulting pressure gradient distributes the burden throughout the subchondrium, stores energy for ensuing recovery and subjects individual trabeculae only to the net pressure differences between adjacent compartments.
DTA: Double LSTM with temporal-wise attention network for action recognition

In this paper, we propose a new architecture for human action recognition by using a convolution neural networks (CNN) and two Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM) networks with temporal-wise attention model. We call this network the Double LSTM with Temporal-wise Attention network (DTA). The features extracted by our model are both spatially and temporally. The attention model can learn which parts in which frames in a video are relevant to the video label and pay more attention on them. We designed a joint optimization layer (JOL) to jointly process two kinds of feature produced by two LSTMs. The proposed networks achieved improved performance on three widely used datasets — the UCF Sports dataset, the UCF11 dataset and the HMDB51 dataset.
Goal-directed Generation of Exercise Sets for Upper-Limb Rehabilitation

A rehabilitation therapy usually derives from general goals set by the medical expert, who requests the patient to attend sessions during a certain time period in order to help him regaining mobility, strength and/or flexibility. The therapist must transform these general goals manually into a set of exercises distributed over different rehabilitation sessions that compose the complete therapy plan, taking into account the patient clinical conditions and a predetermined session and therapy time. This becomes a hard task and might lead to rigid schedules which not always accomplish the desired achievement level of therapeutic objectives established by the physician and could have a negative impact on the patients’ engagement in the therapy. Classical and Hierarchical Task Network planning approaches have been used in this paper to compare the modelling and results of both domain formulations for the automatic generation of therapy plans for patients suffering obstetric brachial plexus palsy, in response to a given set of therapeutic objectives.
The Neuroglial Potassium Cycle during Neurotransmission: Role of Kir4.1 Channels

Neuronal excitability relies on inward sodium and outward potassium fluxes during action potentials. To prevent neuronal hyperexcitability, potassium ions have to be taken up quickly. However, the dynamics of the activity-dependent potassium fluxes and the molecular pathways underlying extracellular potassium homeostasis remain elusive. To decipher the specific and acute contribution of astroglial Kir4.1 channels in controlling potassium homeostasis and the moment to moment neurotransmission, we built a tri-compartment model accounting for potassium dynamics between neurons, astrocytes and the extracellular space. We here demonstrate that astroglial Kir4.1 channels are sufficient to account for the slow membrane depolarization of hippocampal astrocytes and crucially contribute to extracellular potassium clearance during basal and high activity. By quantifying the dynamics of potassium levels in neuron-glia-extracellular space compartments, we show that astrocytes buffer within 6 to 9 seconds more than 80% of the potassium released by neurons in response to basal, repetitive and tetanic stimulations. Astroglial Kir4.1 channels directly lead to recovery of basal extracellular potassium levels and neuronal excitability, especially during repetitive stimulation, thereby preventing the generation of epileptiform activity. Remarkably, we also show that Kir4.1 channels strongly regulate neuronal excitability for slow 3 to 10 Hz rhythmic activity resulting from probabilistic firing activity induced by sub-firing stimulation coupled to Brownian noise. Altogether, these data suggest that astroglial Kir4.1 channels are crucially involved in extracellular potassium homeostasis regulating theta rhythmic activity.
Catalogue of inherited disorders found among the Irish Traveller population

Background Irish Travellers are an endogamous, nomadic, ethnic minority population mostly resident on the island of Ireland with smaller populations in Europe and the USA. High levels of consanguinity result in many rare autosomal recessive disorders. Due to founder effects and endogamy, most recessive disorders are caused by specific homozygous mutations unique to this population. Key clinicians and scientists with experience in managing rare disorders seen in this population have developed a de facto advisory service on differential diagnoses to consider when faced with specific clinical scenarios. Objective(s) To catalogue all known inherited disorders found in the Irish Traveller population. Methods We performed detailed literature and database searches to identify relevant publications and the disease mutations of known genetic disorders found in Irish Travellers. Results We identified 104 genetic disorders: 90 inherited in an autosomal recessive manner; 13 autosomal dominant and one a recurring chromosomal duplication. Conclusion We have collated our experience of inherited disorders found in the Irish Traveller population to make it publically available through this publication to facilitate a targeted genetic approach to diagnostics in this ethnic group.
Secure assignment strategy of virtual machines based on operating system diversity

The co-resident attack across virtual machines is a serious security challenge to the resource sharing mechanism in cloud computing. The existing defensive solutions, mainly aiming at improving the isolation and dynamics of virtual machines, require modification of the monitor or frequent migration of virtual machines, which are hard to be deployed in large scale scenarios. Considering the strong dependence of co-resident attacks on the type of operating system, a diversified assignment strategy of operating systems for virtual machines is proposed to mitigate the attack by increasing the cost of attackers. Specifically, a diversified operating system mapping model is proposed, and an interactive workflow process is established between the user and the cloud service provider. The simulation results show that the proposed method can reduce the attack efficiency by at least 33.46%, which provides more security guarantee for the cloud environment when compared with the assignment strategy of single operating system.
In Vivo Isotopic Labeling of Symbiotic Bacteria Involved in Cellulose Degradation and Nitrogen Recycling within the Gut of the Forest Cockchafer (Melolontha hippocastani)

The guts of insects harbor symbiotic bacterial communities. However, due to their complexity, it is challenging to relate a specific symbiotic phylotype to its corresponding function. In the present study, we focused on the forest cockchafer (Melolontha hippocastani), a phytophagous insect with a dual life cycle, consisting of a root-feeding larval stage and a leaf-feeding adult stage. By combining in vivo stable isotope probing (SIP) with 13C cellulose and 15N urea as trophic links, with Illumina MiSeq (Illumina-SIP), we unraveled bacterial networks processing recalcitrant dietary components and recycling nitrogenous waste. The bacterial communities behind these processes change between larval and adult stages. In 13C cellulose-fed insects, the bacterial families Lachnospiraceae and Enterobacteriaceae were isotopically labeled in larvae and adults, respectively. In 15N urea-fed insects, the genera Burkholderia and Parabacteroides were isotopically labeled in larvae and adults, respectively. Additionally, the PICRUSt-predicted metagenome suggested a possible ability to degrade hemicellulose and to produce amino acids of, respectively, 13C cellulose- and 15N urea labeled bacteria. The incorporation of 15N from ingested urea back into the insect body was confirmed, in larvae and adults, by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Besides highlighting key bacterial symbionts of the gut of M. hippocastani, this study provides example on how Illumina-SIP with multiple trophic links can be used to target microorganisms embracing different roles within an environment.
Ionic polymer–metal composite applications

In this paper, the authors present a comprehensive review of ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMCs) covering their fundamentals, fabrication processes, characterization and applications. IPMCs are becoming increasingly popular among scholars, engineers and scientists due to their inherent properties of low activation voltage, large bending strain – that is, the transformation of electrical energy to mechanical energy – and properties to be used as a bidirectional material – that is, they can be used as actuators and sensors. Among the diversity of electroactive polymers, recently developed IPMCs are good candidates for use in biorelated applications because of their biocompatibility. The applications of IPMCs have been growing due to the progression in their manufacturing techniques, development of more accurate control models and recently demonstrated sophisticated IPMC actuator applications. This indicates that IPMC actuators hold potential for more sophisticated applications in control. Several recentl.
The Distribution of Beneficial Mutant Effects Under Strong Selection

For a general theory of adaptation, it is essential to know the distribution of fitness effects of beneficial mutations. Recent theoretical and empirical studies have made considerable progress in determining the characteristics of this distribution. To date, the experiments have largely verified the theoretical predictions. Despite the fact that the theoretical work has assumed small selection coefficients, strong selection has been observed in some experiments, especially those involving novel environments. Here, we derive the distribution of fitness effects among fixed beneficial mutants without the restriction of low selection coefficients. The fate of strongly favored alleles is less affected by stochastic drift while rare, causing the distribution of fitness effects among fixed beneficial mutations to reflect more closely the distribution among all newly arising beneficial mutations. We also find that when many alleles compete for fixation within an asexual population (clonal interference), the beneficial effects of a newly fixed mutant cannot be well estimated because of the high number of subsequent mutations that arise within the genome, regardless of whether selection is strong or weak.
The adequacy of different robust statistical tests in comparing two independent groups

In the current study, we evaluated various robust statistical methods for comparing two independent groups. Two scenarios for simulation were generated: one of equality and another of population mean differences. In each of the scenarios, 33 experimental conditions were used as a function of sample size, standard deviation and asymmetry. For each condition, 5000 replications per group were generated. The results obtained by this study show an adequate type error I rate but not a high power for the confidence intervals. In general, for the two scenarios studied (mean population differences and not mean population differences) in the different conditions analysed, the Mann-Whitney U-test demonstrated strong performance, and a little worse the t-test of Yuen-Welch. In social sciences, and particularly in psychology, many of the applied research studies use parametric statistical tests to evaluate their expectations or hypotheses. However, in most cases, the adequacy of the use of those tests is not assessed, and the use of those tests is often of dubious validity because the assumptions of the statistical test are violated. A clear example is the assumption of normal distribution, which is often assumed, although observed distributions do not usually follow a normal distribution. In recent years, there have been increasing numbers of studies that pay attention to the assumptions of statistical tests, and researchers do not use parametric tests indiscriminately, but they use nonparametric tests or even perform * This research was made possible by the PSI2010-21214-C02-01 project and was carried out by members of the Generalitat de Catalunya’s SGR 388 Consolidated Research Group. Specials Thanks to the reviewers and editor of Psicologica, for their comments and contributions in order to improve this paper. Correspondence autor: Maribel Pero
Sobredentaduras con implantes en pacientes geriátricos edéntulos totales Overdentures-supported with implants in totally edentulous geriatric patients

SUMMARY Today, oral implantology constitute a therapeutic modality in the prosthodontic treatment of totally edentulous patients. Use of osseointegrated implants to restore edentulous mandible and maxilla has increased in the treatment of geriatric patients. Clinical dentistry have demonstrated the successfull application of oral implantology techniques in older patients. Overdentures are an excellent treatment modality of implant prosthesis with a good functional and aesthetic response in these patients. Medical assessment and treatment planning is needed for optimize the benefits of oral rehabilitation with implant overdentures over quality of life in geriatric patients. Several implants can be retentive components, by attachments, of overdentures. Clinical outcomes of many studies demonstrate that prosthodontic rehabilitation in the maxilla or mandible of edentulous patients with overdentures supported by several implants is a successful implant treatment.
Alignment of Canadian Primary Care With the Patient Medical Home Model: A QUALICO-PC Study

PURPOSE The patient medical home (PMH) model aims to improve patient satisfaction and health outcomes in Canada, but since its introduction in 2009, there has been no evaluation of the extent to which primary care conforms with PMH attributes. Our objective was to compare current primary care across Canada with the 10 goals of the PMH model. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of primary care organization and delivery was conducted in Canadian provinces to evaluate the PMH-based attributes of primary care practices. Family physician and patient responses were mapped to the 10 goals of the PMH model. We used regression models to describe the provinces’ success in meeting the goals, taking specific practice characteristics into account. We created a PMH composite score by weighting each goal equally for each practice and aggregating these by province. The PMH score is the sum of the values for each goal, which were scored from 0 to 1; a score of 10 indicates that all 10 goals of the PMH model were achieved. RESULTS Seven hundred seventy-two primary care practices and 7,172 patients participated in the survey. The average national PMH score was 5.36 (range 4.75–6.23) of 10. Ontario was the only province to score significantly higher than Canada as a whole, whereas Québec, Newfoundland/Labrador, and New Brunswick/Prince Edward Island scored below the national average. There was little variation, however, among provinces in achieving the 10 PMH goals. CONCLUSIONS Provincial PMH scores indicate considerable room for improvement if the PMH goals are to be fully implemented in Canada.
Cost-Efficient Low Latency Communication Infrastructure for Synchrophasor Applications in Smart Grids

With the introduction of distributed renewable energy resources and new loads, such as electric vehicles, the power grid is evolving to become a highly dynamic system that necessitates continuous and fine-grained observability of its operating conditions. In the context of the medium voltage (MV) grid, this has motivated the deployment of phasor measurement units (PMUs), that offer high-precision synchronized grid monitoring, enabling mission-critical applications such as fault detection/location. However, PMU-based applications present stringent delay requirements, raising a significant challenge to the communication infrastructure. In contrast to the high voltage domain, there is no clear vision for the communication and network topologies for the MV grid; a full-fledged optical fiber-based communication infrastructure is a costly approach due to the density of PMUs required. In this study, we focus on the support of low-latency PMU-based applications in the MV domain, identifying and addressing the tradeoff between communication infrastructure deployment costs and the corresponding performance. We study a large set of real MV grid topologies to get an in-depth understanding of the various key latency factors. Building on the gained insights, we propose three algorithms for the careful placement of high capacity links, targeting a balance between deployment costs and achieved latencies. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithms result in low-latency network topologies while reducing deployment costs by up to 80% in comparison to a ubiquitous deployment of costly high capacity links.
A brain-plausible neuromorphic on-the-fly learning system implemented with magnetic domain wall analog memristors

Magnetic analog memristor boosts new circuit design for a neuromorphic on-the-fly learning system. Neuromorphic computing is an approach to efficiently solve complicated learning and cognition problems like the human brain using electronics. To efficiently implement the functionality of biological neurons, nanodevices and their implementations in circuits are exploited. Here, we describe a general-purpose spiking neuromorphic system that can solve on-the-fly learning problems, based on magnetic domain wall analog memristors (MAMs) that exhibit many different states with persistence over the lifetime of the device. The research includes micromagnetic and SPICE modeling of the MAM, CMOS neuromorphic analog circuit design of synapses incorporating the MAM, and the design of hybrid CMOS/MAM spiking neuronal networks in which the MAM provides variable synapse strength with persistence. Using this neuronal neuromorphic system, simulations show that the MAM-boosted neuromorphic system can achieve persistence, can demonstrate deterministic fast on-the-fly learning with the potential for reduced circuitry complexity, and can provide increased capabilities over an all-CMOS implementation.
Study on Glass Fiber Reinforced Poplar Plywood Used for Concrete Form

Several type of poplar plywood reinforeced with PF impregnated glass fiber was made in laboratory.Effects of layer number and arrangement of glass fiber in the mat on MOR and MOE of the poplar plywood were discussed in this paper.Result shows that,PF impregnated glass fiber have a great reinforcement effect on MOR and MOE of the product whether in the parallel to grain direction or in the perpendicular direction.As layer number of glass fiber increases in the mat,MOR and MOE of poplar plywood trend to increase.But it was more effective on MOR than MOE by increasing layer numer of glass fiber.Different arrangement of glass fiber in the mat lay-up sequence was also of influence on the strength properties of the product.Test result showed that there was more reinforcement effect by arranging the PF impregnated glass fibers to close to the surface layer of poplar plywood.
Directing Research to Reduce the Impacts of Nonindigenous Species

Abstract: Management of nonindigenous species is a crucial aspect of maintaining native biodiversity and normal ecosystem functions. We attempt to guide researchers in developing projects that will be of use to conservation practitioners, tangibly improving applied conservation measures. We advocate a directed approach for conservation research to aid in prioritizing nonindigenous species for intervention by resource managers. This approach includes outlining what needs to be known to make such relative judgments about the impacts of nonindigenous species and the most promising methods by which to obtain such information. We also address active measures that should be taken once priorities have been set, highlighting the roles of risk assessment and research in improving control efforts. Ultimately, a better match between research and practical conservation needs should result in more effective reduction of the effects of nonindigenous species on native species.
A hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm for satisfiability problems based on tabu search

For satisfiability problems, a hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm named T-ABCSAT is proposed based on tabu search. It adopts the basic model of artificial bee colony algorithm, so has better balance of global search and local search. Moreover, by introducing tabu search, capability of local search is enhanced. Experimental and comparative results demonstrate that the effectiveness of T-ABCSAT is obviously better than that of the algorithm without tabu search, and T-ABCSAT has better comprehensive performance than the same kind of hybrid algorithm based on genetic algorithm.
Distributions of Cranial Pathologies Provide Evidence for Head-Butting in Dome-Headed Dinosaurs (Pachycephalosauridae)

Pachycephalosaurids are small, herbivorous dinosaurs with domed skulls formed by massive thickening of the cranial roof. The function of the dome has been a focus of debate: the dome has variously been interpreted as the product of sexual selection, as an adaptation for species recognition, or as a weapon employed in intraspecific combat, where it was used in butting matches as in extant ungulates. This last hypothesis is supported by the recent identification of cranial pathologies in pachycephalosaurids, which appear to represent infections resulting from trauma. However, the frequency and distribution of pathologies have not been studied in a systematic fashion. Here, we show that pachycephalosaurids are characterized by a remarkably high incidence of cranial injury, where 22% of specimens have lesions on the dome. Frequency of injury shows no significant difference between different genera, but flat-headed morphs (here interpreted as juveniles or females) lack lesions. Mapping of injuries onto a digitial pachycephalosaurid skull shows that although lesions are distributed across the dome, they cluster near the apex, which is consistent with the hypothesis that the dome functioned for intraspecific butting matches.