Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of ZnTe Nanohole Arrays by Reactive Ion Etching Using Anodic Alumina Templates

Highly ordered uniform ZnTe nanohole arrays were successfully fabricated by reactive ion etching using anodic alumina template. These ZnTe nanohole arrays transferred exactly the hexagonal lattice pattern of the original alumina template. Using this method ordered ZnTe nanoholes with pore diameter from 10 nm to several hundred nm can be fabricated. The simplicity, flexibility, and practicality of this technique makes it a prospective method for developing future optical and electronic devices.
Fermi-LAT Search for Pulsar Wind Nebulae around gamma-ray Pulsars

The high sensitivity of theFermi-LAT (Large Area Telescope) offers the first opportunity to study faint and extended GeV sources such as p ulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). After one year of observation the LAT detected and id entified three pulsar wind nebulae: the Crab Nebula, Vela-X and the PWN inside M SH 15−52. In the meantime, the list of LAT detected pulsars increased ste adily. These pulsars are characterized by high energy loss rates ( Ė) from ∼3 × 10 erg s to 5× 10 erg s and are therefore likely to power a PWN. This paper summarize s th search for PWNe in the off-pulse windows of 54 LAT-detected pulsars usi ng 16 months of survey observations. Ten sources show significant emission, se ven of these likely being of magnetospheric origin. The detection of significant emis sion in the off-pulse interval offers new constraints on the γ-ray emitting regions in pulsar magnetospheres. The three other sources with significant emission are the Cra b Nebula, Vela-X and a new pulsar wind nebula candidate associated with the LAT pul sar PSR J1023 −5746, coincident with the TeV source HESS J1023-575. We further ex plore the association between the H.E. S.S. and the F rmi source by modeling its spectral energy distribution. Flux upper limits derived for the 44 remaining sources are used to provide new constraints on famous PWNe that have been detected at keV and /or TeV energies. Subject headings: catalogs – gamma rays: observations – pulsars: general University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 , USA 51NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc., Lattingtown, NY 11560-1025 , USA 52Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University Cal umet, Hammond, IN 46323-2094, USA 53Partially supported by the International Doctorate on Astr oparticle Physics (IDAPP) program 54Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA ), Barcelona, Spain 55Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS ), I-10133 Torino, Italy 56INTEGRAL Science Data Centre, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerlan d 57Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, I-00133 Roma, Italy 58Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) , AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 59School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, University of K almar, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
Empowerment Training for Grandparent Caregivers: A Pilot Study

ABSTRACT Grandparents raising grandchildren face immense challenges including facing poverty, caring for children with behavioral difficulties, and barriers in accessing resources that can assist them. These challenges were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Empowerment training is an intervention that builds resiliency in developing skills that can increase the support that grandparents receive via services and from others. This pilot study evaluated the potential influence of empowerment training on grandmothers raising their grandchildren. The findings here indicate that these caregivers benefited from the virtually delivered program, where empowerment and negative affect toward the grandchild increased and decreased, respectively pre-versus post-program. Moreover, program benefits varied across participant sociodemographic characteristics. These pilot study findings support the importance of empowerment training in enhancing the lives of grandparent caregivers.
Visual-Based Spatial Coordinate Dominates Probabilistic Multisensory Inference in Macaque MST-d Disparity Encoding

Numerous studies have demonstrated that animal brains accurately infer whether multisensory stimuli are from a common source or separate sources. Previous work proposed that the multisensory neurons in the dorsal medial superior temporal area (MST-d) serve as integration or separation encoders determined by the tuning–response ratio. However, it remains unclear whether MST-d neurons mainly take a sense input as a spatial coordinate reference for carrying out multisensory integration or separation. Our experimental analysis shows that the preferred tuning response to visual input is generally larger than vestibular according to the Macaque MST-d neuronal recordings. This may be crucial to serving as the base of coordinate reference when the subject perceives moving direction information from two senses. By constructing a flexible Monte-Carlo probabilistic sampling (fMCS) model, we validate this hypothesis that the visual and vestibular cues are more likely to be integrated into a visual-based coordinate rather than vestibular. Furthermore, the property of the tuning gradient also affects decision-making regarding whether the cues should be integrated or not. To a dominant modality, an effective decision is produced by a steep response-tuning gradient of the corresponding neurons, while to a subordinate modality a steep tuning gradient produces a rigid decision with a significant bias to either integration or separation. This work proposes that the tuning response amplitude and tuning gradient jointly modulate which modality serves as the base coordinate for the reference frame and the direction change with which modality is decoded effectively.
Comparative Genomic Analysis Uncovers the Chloroplast Genome Variation and Phylogenetic Relationships of Camellia Species

Camellia is the largest genus in the family Theaceae. Due to phenotypic diversity, frequent hybridization, and polyploidization, an understanding of the phylogenetic relationships between Camellia species remains challenging. Comparative chloroplast (cp) genomics provides an informative resource for phylogenetic analyses of Camellia. In this study, 12 chloroplast genome sequences from nine Camellia species were determined using Illumina sequencing technology via de novo assembly. The cp genome sizes ranged from 156,545 to 157,021 bp and were organized into quadripartite regions with the typical angiosperm cp genomes. Each genome harbored 87 protein-coding, 37 transfer RNA, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes in the same order and orientation. Differences in long and short sequence repeats, SNPs, and InDels were detected across the 12 cp genomes. Combining with the complete cp sequences of seven other species in the genus Camellia, a total of nine intergenic sequence divergent hotspots and 14 protein-coding genes with high sequence polymorphism were identified. These hotspots, especially the InDel (~400 bp) located in atpH-atpI region, had sufficient potential to be used as barcode markers for further phylogenetic analysis and species identification. Principal component and phylogenetic analysis suggested that regional constraints, rather than functional constraints, strongly affected the sequence evolution of the cp genomes in this study. These cp genomes could facilitate the development of new molecular markers, accurate species identification, and investigations of the phylogenomic relationships of the genus Camellia.
Participation of Swazi women in the traditional public sphere, Sibaya, in the Kingdom of Swaziland

The Kingdom of Swaziland has continued to use the cattle byre, Sibaya, for deliberations onissues of national importance. This deliberative public sphere is convened once in a while todiscuss pertinent issues relating to the well-being of the Swazi nation. It is a public spherethat used to be the preserve of men but has since been opened up to accommodate women.Despite their participation, women still have to follow certain laid down rules to make their oralsubmissions in this space. In 2016, the King of Swaziland convened the Sibaya for seven daysand thousands of citizens attended to make oral submissions on social, political, economic andcultural issues. This article focuses on the representations made by women during the 2016meeting and their perception about this space. Qualitative content analysis was used to analysethe data on submissions, which were monitored on national television and recorded. Interviewswere also conducted with some participants to find out how they feel about this space. Groundedon Fraser’s concept of the counter public sphere, the study reveals that interlocutors feel that thisis a restrictive and intimidating space that is and that there are too many rules that discriminateagainst the free participation of women. Thorny issues raised by women pertained to education(primary, secondary and tertiary), the welfare of widows, chieftaincy disputes, access to land,provision of water and electricity and gender-based violence, among others.
EVIDENCE OF A PLASMOID–LOOPTOP INTERACTION AND MAGNETIC INFLOWS DURING A SOLAR FLARE/CORONAL MASS EJECTION ERUPTIVE EVENT

Observational evidence is presented for the merging of a downward-propagating plasmoid with a looptop kernel during an occulted limb event on 2007 January 25. RHESSI light curves in the 9–18 keV energy range, as well as that of the 245 MHz channel of the Learmonth Solar Observatory, show enhanced nonthermal emission in the corona at the time of the merging suggesting that additional particle acceleration took place. This was attributed to a secondary episode of reconnection in the current sheet that formed between the two merging sources. RHESSI images were used to establish a mean downward velocity of the plasmoid of 12 km s−1. Complementary observations from the SECCHI suite of instruments on board STEREO-B showed that this process occurred during the acceleration phase of the associated coronal mass ejection (CME). From wavelet-enhanced EUV Imager, image evidence of inflowing magnetic field lines prior to the CME eruption is also presented. The derived inflow velocity was found to be 1.5 km s−1. This combination of observations supports a recent numerical simulation of plasmoid formation, propagation, and subsequent particle acceleration due to the tearing mode instability during current sheet formation.
The LHCb prompt charm triggers

The LHCb experiment has fully reconstructed close to 10^9 charm hadron decays---by far the world's largest sample. During the 2011-2012 running periods, the effective proton-proton beam crossing rate was 11-15 MHz while the rate at which events were written to permanent storage was 3-5 kHz. Prompt charm candidates (produced at the primary interaction vertex) were selected using a combination of exclusive and inclusive high level (software) triggers in conjunction with low level hardware triggers. The efficiencies, background rates, and possible biases of the triggers as they were implemented will be discussed, along with plans for the running at 13 TeV in 2015 and subsequently in the upgrade era.
Reimplantation after Periprosthetic Joint Infection: The Role of Microbiology

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is among the most feared orthopedic complications. Critical questions are whether the infection is completely resolved before reimplantation and what the clinical significance of positive culture is at reimplantation. The aim of this study was to determine whether a correlation exits between culture results at reimplantation after spacer insertion for hip and knee PJI and treatment failure rate. The data of 84 patients who underwent two-stage exchange arthroplasty for hip or knee PJI were reviewed and the results of intraoperative culture at reimplantation were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Correlations were sought between these patterns and treatment outcome. Our data indicate no evidence for a correlation between positive culture at reimplantation and greater risk of treatment failure. Nonetheless, we noted a higher, albeit statistically not significant rate of treatment failure in patients with at least two samples testing positive. The role of microbiology at reimplantation remains unclear, but a positive culture might signal increased risk for subsequent implant failure. Further studies are needed to elucidate the implications of this finding.
Conformational Stability and Denaturation Processes of Proteins Investigated by Electrophoresis under Extreme Conditions

The functional structure of proteins results from marginally stable folded conformations. Reversible unfolding, irreversible denaturation, and deterioration can be caused by chemical and physical agents due to changes in the physicochemical conditions of pH, ionic strength, temperature, pressure, and electric field or due to the presence of a cosolvent that perturbs the delicate balance between stabilizing and destabilizing interactions and eventually induces chemical modifications. For most proteins, denaturation is a complex process involving transient intermediates in several reversible and eventually irreversible steps. Knowledge of protein stability and denaturation processes is mandatory for the development of enzymes as industrial catalysts, biopharmaceuticals, analytical and medical bioreagents, and safe industrial food. Electrophoresis techniques operating under extreme conditions are convenient tools for analyzing unfolding transitions, trapping transient intermediates, and gaining insight into the mechanisms of denaturation processes. Moreover, quantitative analysis of electrophoretic mobility transition curves allows the estimation of the conformational stability of proteins. These approaches include polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and capillary zone electrophoresis under cold, heat, and hydrostatic pressure and in the presence of non-ionic denaturing agents or stabilizers such as polyols and heavy water. Lastly, after exposure to extremes of physical conditions, electrophoresis under standard conditions provides information on irreversible processes, slow conformational drifts, and slow renaturation processes. The impressive developments of enzyme technology with multiple applications in fine chemistry, biopharmaceutics, and nanomedicine prompted us to revisit the potentialities of these electrophoretic approaches. This feature review is illustrated with published and unpublished results obtained by the authors on cholinesterases and paraoxonase, two physiologically and toxicologically important enzymes.
The Effect and Safety of Rapid and Gradual Urinary Decompression in Urine Retention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background and objectives: Trials to evaluate the effect and safety of rapid and gradual urinary decompression have been published for decades. Due to inconclusive results, this study aimed to assess whether rapid bladder decompression increased complications in adults with acute urinary retention. Materials and Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases for articles published from the database inception to 31 August 2021. Studies that compared the effects and complication rates of rapid and gradual urinary decompression in adults with acute urinary retention were included. The primary outcome was post-decompression hematuria, while the secondary outcome was circulatory collapse. Meta-analyses were conducted using random effects models. Sensitivity analyses, tests for publication bias, and trial sequential analyses were conducted. The PROSPERO registration number is CRD42021233457. Results: Overall, four articles were included in the comprehensive analysis, and 435 participants met all the eligibility criteria. In the primary meta-analysis of all four study groups, rapid urinary decompression did not increase the risk of post-decompression hematuria (RR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.35; p = 0.642). The I2 statistic was 0.0% (p = 0.732), indicating no substantial heterogeneity. In the meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies, the result did not change (RR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.31 to 2.52; p = 0.824). The Egger’s test and Begg test (p = 0.339 and 0.497, respectively) indicated the absence of statistical evidence of publication bias. Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was conducted and showed the pooled results were robust. In secondary outcome, there were no reported events of circulatory collapse in the current studies. Conclusions: The currently available data suggest that rapid urinary decompression is an effective and safe method with a complication rate similar to that of gradual decompression in an acute urinary retention population. Further large-scale randomized studies are required.
A New Method For Simultaneous Estimation Of Displacement, Depth, And Rigid Body Motion Parameters

We present a new algorithmfor estimation of rigid body motion parameters and scene structure from monocular image sequences. Our algorithm conducts a coarse-tone search in 5-dimensional parameter space. A novel Epipolar Transform is utilized to preserve the relevant information from mean squared displaced frame diie-rence (DFD) surfaces and thus overcomes the inherent limitations of feature correspondence methods. Relative depth values are computed for each measurement window. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the new algorithm.
Scale Elements In Spatial Autocorrelation Tests

Moran’s I is a good test for detecting relationships of cross-sectional dependency in spatial series. However, its behavior is sensitive to the scale of the process in autoregressive series. When the coefficient of variation of the process is high, the power of the test is zero in a not unimportant range of values of the coefficient of autocorrelation. In this paper we point out some solutions and discard others. Among the latter the redimensioning of the series before resolving the I test stands out. The chapter of proposals, in no case definitive, revolves around the exploitation of the heteroskedastic structure in a series with signs of spatial autocorrelation. Address: Department of Economic Analysis. University of Zaragoza Gran Vía, 2-4 Zaragoza (50005). SPAIN E-Mail: jmur@posta.unizar. es Phone: +34-976-761815 Fax: +34-976-761996 40TH CONGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION BARCELONA. 30 AUGUST-2 SEPTEMBER 2000
Application of Deep Learning to IVC Filter Detection from CT Scans

IVC filters (IVCF) perform an important function in select patients that have venous blood clots. However, they are usually intended to be temporary, and significant delay in removal can have negative health consequences for the patient. Currently, all Interventional Radiology (IR) practices are tasked with tracking patients in whom IVCF are placed. Due to their small size and location deep within the abdomen it is common for patients to forget that they have an IVCF. Therefore, there is a significant delay for a new healthcare provider to become aware of the presence of a filter. Patients may have an abdominopelvic CT scan for many reasons and, fortunately, IVCF are clearly visible on these scans. In this research a deep learning model capable of segmenting IVCF from CT scan slices along the axial plane is developed. The model achieved a Dice score of 0.82 for training over 372 CT scan slices. The segmentation model is then integrated with a prediction algorithm capable of flagging an entire CT scan as having IVCF. The prediction algorithm utilizing the segmentation model achieved a 92.22% accuracy at detecting IVCF in the scans.
Blockade of Platelet CysLT1R Receptor with Zafirlukast Counteracts Platelet Protumoral Action and Prevents Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone and Lung

Metastases are the main cause of death in cancer patients, and platelets are largely known for their contribution in cancer progression. However, targeting platelets is highly challenging given their paramount function in hemostasis. Using a high-throughput screening and platelet-induced breast tumor cell survival (PITCS) assay as endpoint, we identified the widely used anti-asthmatic drugs and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1R) antagonists, zafirlukast and montelukast, as new specific blockers of platelet protumoral action. Here, we show that human MDA-B02 breast cancer cells produce CysLT through mechanisms involving microsomal glutathione-S-transferase 1/2/3 (MGST1/2/3) and that can modulate cancer cell–platelet interactions via platelet–CysLT1R. CysLT1R blockade with zafirlukast decreased platelet aggregation and adhesion on cancer cells and inhibited PITCS, migration, and invasion in vitro. Zafirlukast significantly reduced, by 90%, MDA-B02 cell dissemination to bone in nude mice and reduced by 88% 4T1 spontaneous lung metastasis formation without affecting primary tumor growth. Combined treatment of zafirlukast plus paclitaxel totally inhibited metastasis of 4T1 cells to the lungs. Altogether, our results reveal a novel pathway mediating the crosstalk between cancer cells and platelets and indicate that platelet CysLT1R represents a novel therapeutic target to prevent metastasis without affecting hemostasis.
Asymptotic and Non Asymptotic Approximations for Option Valuation

We give a broad overview of approximation methods to derive analytical formulas for accurate and quick evaluation of option prices. We compare different approaches, from the theoretical point of view regarding the tools they require, and also from the numerical point of view regarding their performances. In the case of local volatility models with general time-dependency, we derive new formulas using the local volatility function at the mid-point between strike and spot: in general, our approximations outperform previous ones by Hagan and Henry-Labordere. We also provide approximations of the option delta.
Freely configurable quantum simulator based on a two-dimensional array of individually trapped ions

A custom-built and precisely controlled quantum system may offer access to a fundamental understanding of another, less accessible system of interest. A universal quantum computer is currently out of reach, but an analog quantum simulator that makes the relevant observables, interactions, and states of a quantum model accessible could permit experimental insight into complex quantum dynamics that are intractable on conventional computers. Several platforms have been suggested and proof-of-principle experiments have been conducted. Here we characterise two-dimensional arrays of three ions trapped by radio-frequency fields in individually controlled harmonic wells forming equilateral triangles with side lengths 40 and 80 micrometer. In our approach, which is scalable to arbitrary two dimensional lattices, we demonstrate individual control of the electronic and motional degrees of freedom, preparation of a fiducial initial state with ion motion close to the ground state, as well as tuning of crucial couplings between ions within experimental sequences. Our work paves the way towards an analog quantum simulator of two-dimensional systems designed at will.