Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the contextual stability of moral foundations: Evidence from a survey experiment

Moral foundations theory (MFT) claims that individuals use their intuitions on five “virtues” as guidelines for moral judgment, and recent research makes the case that these intuitions cause people to adopt important political attitudes, including partisanship and ideology. New work in political science, however, demonstrates not only that the causal effect of moral foundations on these political predispositions is weaker than once thought, but it also opens the door to the possibility that causality runs in the opposite direction—from political predispositions to moral foundations. In this manuscript, I build on this new work and test the extent to which partisan and ideological considerations cause individuals’ moral foundations to shift in predictable ways. The results show that while these group-based cues do exert some influence on moral foundations, the effects of outgroup cues are particularly strong. I conclude that small shifts in political context do cause MFT measures to move, and, to close, I discuss the need for continued theoretical development in MFT as well as an increased attention to measurement.
Heuristics for Planning in Domains with Unbounded , Incomplete Information Tal Shaked

While the Internet Softbots project (Etzioni & Weld 1994) investigated the use of planning algorithms to control software agents (Weld 1996), until recently the area has seen little activity. However, the excitement surrounding the Semantic Web, has led to renewed interest in software agents, web service composition, and related topics. With the development of DAML-S (Burstein et al. 2002; Ankolenkar et al. 2001), a DAML+OIL ontology for describing properties and capabilities of Web services in the form of inputs (similar to preconditions) and outputs (effects), an infrastructure has been created where agents can automatically discover Web Services that are modeled as actions, and then create and execute plans (McIlraith, Son, & Zeng 2001; McDermott 2002). The major challenge confronting a planning agent operating in an environment such as the Internet is uncertainty about the world-state. But most prior work on planning under uncertainty (e.g., (Peot & Smith 1992; Kushmerick, Hanks, & Weld 1995; Pryor & Collins 1996; Weld, Anderson, & Smith 1998; Bonet & Geffner 2000; Bertoli, Cimatti, & Roveri 2001)) is inadequate because of scalability issues. When a single world-state is as complex as a UNIX file system or the Internet, representing belief states explicitly is out of the question. Furthermore, one requires a sophisticated language simply to represent sensing actions, which like UNIX ls, can return an unbounded amount of information at execution time.1 Clearly the closed world assumption (Reiter 1978) is no longer valid, yet the open-world assumption leads to paralysis. In this case the agent must execute sensing actions to discover objects and relations while it plans. Furthermore, the agent must maintain a record of where it has local closed world (LCW) information (Etzioni, Golden, & Weld 1994; 1997).
The improvement of quality of life in patients treated with bariatric surgery in Korea

Purpose Bariatric surgery is considered an efficient treatment for severe obesity, but postoperative complications and psychosocial problems may impact quality of life (QoL). Although QoL is an important aspect of bariatric surgery, few studies have evaluated the changes in QoL. We examined whether severely obese patients who had undergone bariatric surgery had better QoL compared with severely obese adults who had not undergone bariatric surgery in Korea. Methods Data were obtained from 78 participants in two groups; bariatric surgery group (n = 53) and nonsurgery group (n = 25). EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D), the impact of weight on quality of life-lite (IWQoL-lite) and the obesity-related psychosocial problem scale (OP-scale) were used to assess the improvement of QoL. Results A total of 78 patients completed the QoL forms as part of their surgical consultation. In the EQ-5D, the changes of EQ-5D 3 level and EQ-5D visual analogue scale in the surgery group was 0.174 and 24.6 versus 0.017 and 17.8 in the nonsurgery group (P = 0.197 and P = 0.179). The changes of IWQoL-lite and OP-scale were significantly improved after bariatric surgery. In the IWQoL-lite, the mean changes in the surgery group was 33.4 versus 14.3 points in the nonsurgery group (P = 0.000). In the OP-scale, the mean changes in the surgery group patients scored 39.3 versus 9.0 points in the nonsurgery group (P = 0.000). Conclusion We demonstrated significant improvement of QoL observed after bariatric surgery compared to nonsurgical procedure. The results of this comparative study favor bariatric surgery for the treatment of severe obesity.
Levodopa-associated increase of homocysteine levels and sural axonal neurodegeneration.

BACKGROUND Levodopa metabolism via catechol O-methyltransferase increases levels of the neurotoxin homocysteine, which induces an axonal-accentuated degeneration in sensory peripheral nerves in vitro. OBJECTIVES To demonstrate associations among daily levodopa/dopa decarboxylase inhibitor intake, total homocysteine plasma (tHcy) levels, and electrophysiologic sural nerve conduction findings. DESIGN We performed bilateral assessment of sensory nerve conduction velocity and sensory nerve action potentials and determined tHcy levels. PATIENTS Thirty-one levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and 27 control subjects. RESULTS Sensory nerve action potentials significantly (P<.001) differed between PD patients and controls. No differences between sensory nerve conduction velocities of PD patients and controls appeared. We found significant differences in sensory nerve action potentials be-tween PD patients with significantly elevated tHcy levels and controls (P<.001), PD patients with tHcy levels within the reference range and those with elevated levels (P =.001), and PD patients with tHcy levels levels within the reference range and and controls (P =.04). Our sensory nerve conduction velocity results showed no significant differences. There were significant associations between tHcy levels and sensory nerve action potentials (R = -0.52; P =.002) and and sensory nerve conduction velocity (R = -0.47; P =.008). Daily levodopa/dopa decarboxylase inhibitor intake was significantly related to tHcy levels (R = 0.43; P =.02). CONCLUSIONS This electrophysiological sign of peripheral neuronal dysfunction may be circumstantial evidence suggesting that, to a certain extent, sensory nerve action potentials are a surrogate marker for the levodopa metabolism-induced elevation of homocysteine levels and the aggravation of the ongoing central neurodegenerative process.
A Parallel IRRWBF LDPC Decoder Based on Stream-Based Processor

Low-density parity check (LDPC) codes have gained much attention due to their use of various belief-propagation (BP) decoding algorithms to impart excellent error-correcting capability. The BP decoders are quite simple; however, their computation-intensive and repetitive process prohibits their use in energy-sensitive applications such as sensor networks. Bit flipping-based decoding algorithms, especially implementation-efficient, reliability ratio-based, weighted bit-flipping (IRRWBF) decoding; have shown an excellent tradeoff between error-correction performance and implementation cost. In this paper, we show that with IRRWBF, iterative re-computation can be replaced by iterative selective updating. When compared with the original algorithm, simulation results show that, decoding speed can be increased by 200 to 600 percent , as the number of decoding iterations is increased from 5 to 1,000. The decoding steps are broken down into various stages such that the update operations are mostly of the single-instruction, multiple-data (SIMD) type. In this paper, we show that by using Intel Wireless MMX 2 accelerating technology in the proposed algorithm, the speed increased by 500 to 1,500 percent. The results of implementing the proposed scheme using an Intel/Marvell PXA320 (806 MHz) CPU are presented. The proposed scheme can be used effectively in real-time LDPC codes for energy-sensitive mobile devices.
Immune Multiagent System for Network Intrusion Detection using Non-linear Classification Algorithm

growth of intelligent intrusion and diverse attack techniques in network systems stimulate computer scientists and mathematical researchers to challenge the dangers of intelligent attacks. In this work, we integrate artificial immune algorithm with non-linear classification of pattern recognition and machine learning methods to solve the problem of intrusion detection in network systems. A new non classification algorithm was developed based on the danger theory model of human immune system (HIS). The abstract model of system algorithm is inspired from HIS cell mechanism mainly, the Dendritic cell behavior and T-cell mechanisms. Classification techniques using k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) or Gaussian Mixture (GMM) almost have the common sense that they believe the neighboring data. The algorithm tested use KDD Cup dataset and the result shows a significant improvement in detection accuracy and reducing the false alerts.
The role of motion smoothness, synchrony, and culture in aesthetic perception of human movement: from the method of production to the method of choice

Research on aesthetic perception of dance has been recently generating considerable interest within the field of Psychology of Aesthetics. There are, however, a number of methodological and conceptual gaps in our knowledge such as the application of the method of production, as well as understanding the role of motion smoothness, synchronous movement, and cultural factors in aesthetic perception. The present basic research addresses those gaps through five psychological experiments. In study 1, participants generated static sequences of images according their preference. Smooth continuation of meaningful objects was preferred when considering implied motion. In study 2, participants sorted images into moving sequences that they would like to see. Participants liked movements with smooth motion. In study 3, participants rated different schematic video animations depicting two dancers. Participants preferred smooth movements preformed in synchrony. In study 4, participants rated video animations depicting different types of motion performed by human body or abstract shapes. Participants preferred smooth synchrony. In study 5, British and Japanese participants watched synchronous and asynchronous actual dance video clips, rated the videos according their aesthetic judgement and answered questionnaires about motivations and individualism/collectivism. British participants preferred asynchronous dance while Japanese participants preferred synchronous dance. Studies 1 and 2 applied the method of production for the first time to study aesthetic preference for human movement, studies 1 to 4 support the neurocognitive model of aesthetic appreciation in the performing arts. Study 5 supports our cultural hypothesis: British participants preferred asynchrony (in line with analytical perceptual style, Western focus on individual movements), whereas Japanese participants preferred synchrony (holistic style, Eastern focus on group movement). Convergence between the neurocognitive model and the cultural hypothesis is discussed. The present research opens new lines of research in perception of human movement and performing arts: the method of production, motion smoothness, synchrony, and cross-cultural aesthetics. 13 AESTHETIC PERCEPTION: SMOOTHNESS, SYNCHRONY, CULTURE
Establishment and characterization of bortezomib-resistant U266 cell line: Constitutive activation of NF-κB-mediated cell signals and/or alterations of ubiquitylation-related genes reduce bortezomib-induced apoptosis

Bortezomib has been known as the most promising anti-cancer drug for multiple myeloma (MM). However, recent studies reported that not all MM patients respond to bortezomib. To overcome such a stumbling-block, studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of bortezomib resistance. In this study, we established a bortezomib-resistant cell line (U266/velR), and explored its biological characteristics. The U266/velR showed reduced sensitivity to bortezomib, and also showed crossresistance to the chemically unrelated drug thalidomide. U266/velR cells had a higher proportion of CD138 negative subpopulation, known as stem-like feature, compared to parental U266 cells. U266/velR showed relatively less inhibitory effect of prosurvival NF-κB signaling by bortezomib. Further analysis of RNA microarray identified genes related to ubiquitination that were differentially regulated in U266/velR. Moreover, the expression level of CD52 in U266 cells was associated with bortezomib response. Our findings provide the basis for developing therapeutic strategies in bortezomib-resistant relapsed and refractory MM patients. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(5): 274-279]
Indexing Reverse Top-k Queries

We consider the recently introduced monochromatic reverse top-k queries which ask for, given a new tuple q and a dataset D, all possible top-k queries on D union {q} for which q is in the result. Towards this problem, we focus on designing indexes in two dimensions for repeated (or batch) querying, a novel but practical consideration. We present the insight that by representing the dataset as an arrangement of lines, a critical k-polygon can be identified and used exclusively to respond to reverse top-k queries. We construct an index based on this observation which has guaranteed worst-case query cost that is logarithmic in the size of the k-polygon. We implement our work and compare it to related approaches, demonstrating that our index is fast in practice. Furthermore, we demonstrate through our experiments that a k-polygon is comprised of a small proportion of the original data, so our index structure consumes little disk space.
Robot acquisition of lexical meaning - moving towards the two-word stage

We report on experiments and analyses dealing with the acquisition of lexical meaning in which prosodic analysis and extraction of salient words are associated with a robots sensorimotor perceptions in an attempt to ground these words in the robots own embodied sensorimotor experience. We focus here on three key areas, the selection of salient words based on prosodic clues, expression of words by the robot at a two-word stage to reflect learning and grammatically correct presentation, and an in-depth analysis of the relationship between words and the robots sensorimotor perceptions.
Plant Neighbour Identity Matters to Belowground Interactions under Controlled Conditions

Background Root competition is an almost ubiquitous feature of plant communities with profound effects on their structure and composition. Far beyond the traditional view that plants interact mainly through resource depletion (exploitation competition), roots are known to be able to interact with their environment using a large variety of mechanisms that may inhibit or enhance access of other roots to the resource or affect plant growth (contest interactions). However, an extensive analysis on how these contest root interactions may affect species interaction abilities is almost lacking. Methodology/Principal Findings In a common garden experiment with ten perennial plant species we forced pairs of plants of the same or different species to overlap their roots and analyzed how belowground contest interactions affected plant performance, biomass allocation patterns, and competitive abilities under abundant resource supply. Our results showed that net interaction outcome ranged from negative to positive, affecting total plant mass and allocation patterns. A species could be a strong competitor against one species, weaker against another one, and even facilitator to a third species. This leads to sets of species where competitive hierarchies may be clear but also to groups where such rankings are not, suggesting that intransitive root interactions may be crucial for species coexistence. Conclusions/Significance The outcome of belowground contest interactions is strongly dependent on neighbours' identity. In natural plant communities this conditional outcome may hypothetically help species to interact in non-hierarchical and intransitive networks, which in turn might promote coexistence.
Biomass Production and Nutritional Efficiency in Eucalyptus Genotypes in the Pampa Biome

The objective of this work was to determine biomass production and nutritional efficiency in three eucalyptus genotypes in the Pampa Biome. For determination of biomass and nutritional characterization, nine medium trees per genotype were sampled, separated in the components leaf, branch, bark, wood and root. The nutritional efficiency of the biomass components was determined using the biological utilization coefficient (BUC). The highest biomass production and mean annual increment were observed in the Eucalyptus urograndis hybrid with 158 Mg ha-1 and 47.2 m³ ha-1, followed by Eucalyptus grandis with 137 Mg ha-1 and 39.7 m³ ha-1 and Eucalyptus dunnii with 122 Mg ha-1 and 23.2 m³ ha-1. For wood, the best nutritional efficiency was provided by Eucalytpus urograndis for P, Ca, and Mn, followed by Eucalytpus grandis for N and Mg, and Eucalytpus dunnii for K.
Recommended implementation of arterial spin-labeled perfusion MRI for clinical applications: A consensus of the ISMRM perfusion study group and the European consortium for ASL in dementia.

This review provides a summary statement of recommended implementations of arterial spin labeling (ASL) for clinical applications. It is a consensus of the ISMRM Perfusion Study Group and the European ASL in Dementia consortium, both of whom met to reach this consensus in October 2012 in Amsterdam. Although ASL continues to undergo rapid technical development, we believe that current ASL methods are robust and ready to provide useful clinical information, and that a consensus statement on recommended implementations will help the clinical community to adopt a standardized approach. In this review, we describe the major considerations and trade-offs in implementing an ASL protocol and provide specific recommendations for a standard approach. Our conclusion is that as an optimal default implementation, we recommend pseudo-continuous labeling, background suppression, a segmented three-dimensional readout without vascular crushing gradients, and calculation and presentation of both label/control difference images and cerebral blood flow in absolute units using a simplified model. Magn Reson Med 73:102-116, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of Immediate Orthodontic and Orthopedic Forces on Peri-Miniscrew Bones: Histomorphologic and Histomorphometric Assessment in Dogs

Aim. The aim of this study was histomorphologic and histomorphometric evaluation of peri-screw bone after immediate orthodontic and orthopedic forces and comparing them with a control group. Materials and Methods. 18 dual-top miniscrews were inserted in the premolar region of three Iranian dogs. Screws were divided into three groups: (1) the first group undergoing immediate orthodontic force of 300 cN, (2) the second group undergoing immediate orthopedic force of 600 cN and (3) a control group. Screws were explanted with adequate amount of surrounding bone after three months. Bone-screw contact (BSC), percentage of lamellar bone, and percentage of woven bone were evaluated. Wilcoxon and Man Whitney tests were used to analyze the data using SPSS software ver. 15 (α = 0.05). Results. There was no significant difference among the groups in terms of bone-screw contact (P value = 0.42), percentage of lamellar bone (P value = 0.83), and percentage of woven bone (P value = 0.88). Conclusion. By applying orthodontic and orthopedic forces to mini-screws the quality of surrounding bone and osseointegration will not be affected. Clinical Significance. Application of force to mini-screws is helpful in orthodontic-screw therapies.
Low-phase-noise 54GHz quadrature VCO and 76GHz/90GHz VCOs in 65nm CMOS process

This paper presents new circuit topologies and design techniques for low-phase-noise CMOS mmWave Quadrature VCO (QVCO) and VCOs. A transformer coupling with extra phase shift is proposed in QVCO to decouple the tradeoff between phase noise (PN) and phase error and improve the PN performance. This technique is demonstrated in a mmWave QVCO with a measured PN of -119.2 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset of a 56.2 GHz carrier and a tuning range of 9.1% (FOMT of -179 dBc/Hz). To our best knowledge, this QVCO has the lowest PN at 10 MHz offset among all the QVCOs around 50-60 GHz frequency range. In addition, an inductive divider feedback technique is proposed in VCO design to improve the transconductance linearity, resulting in larger signal swing and lower PN compared to the conventional LC VCOs. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated in a 76 GHz VCO and a 90 GHz VCO, both fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process, with an FOMT of 173.6 dBc/Hz and 173.1 dBc/Hz, respectively.
The Psychological and Neural Basis of Loss Aversion

Loss aversion is a central element of prospect theory, the dominant theory of decision making under uncertainty for the past four decades, and refers to the overweighting of potential losses relative to equivalent gains, a critical determinant of risky decision making. Recent advances in affective and decision neuroscience have shed new light on the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms underlying loss aversion. Here, integrating disparate literatures from the level of neurotransmitters to subjective reports of emotion, we propose a novel neural and computational framework that links norepinephrine to loss aversion and identifies a distinct role for dopamine in risk taking for rewards. We also propose that loss aversion specifically relates to anticipated emotions and aspects of the immediate experience of realized gains and losses but not their long-term emotional consequences, highlighting an underappreciated temporal structure. Finally, we discuss challenges to loss aversion and the relevance of loss aversion to understanding psychiatric disorders. Refining models of loss aversion will have broad consequences for the science of decision making and for how we understand individual variation in economic preferences and psychological well-being across both healthy and psychiatric populations.
Model Predictive Control for Vehicle Yaw Stability With Practical Concerns

This paper presents a method for electronic stability control (ESC) based on model predictive control (MPC) using the bicycle model with lagged tire force to reflect the lagged characteristics of lateral tire forces on the prediction model of the MPC problem for better description of the vehicle behavior. To avoid the computational burden in finding the optimal solution of the MPC problem using the constrained optimal control theory, the desired states and inputs as references are generated since the solution of the MPC problem can be easily obtained in a closed form without using numeric solvers using these reference values. The suggested method controls the vehicle to follow the generated reference values to maintain the vehicle yaw stability while the vehicle turns as the driver intended. The superiority of the proposed method is verified through comparisons with an ESC method based on ordinary MPC in the simulation environments on both high- and low- μ surfaces using the vehicle dynamics software CarSim.