Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Causes of accidental childhood deaths in China in 2010: A systematic review and analysis

Background Infectious causes of childhood deaths in the world have decreased substantially in the 21st century. This trend has exposed accidental deaths as an increasingly important future challenge. Presently, little is known about the cause structure of accidental childhood deaths in low– and middle–income country (LMIC) settings. In this paper, we aim to establish cause structure for accidental deaths in children aged 0–4 years in China in the year 2010. Methods In this paper, we explored the database of 208 multi–cause child mortality studies in Chinese that formed a basis for the first published estimate of the causes of child deaths in China (for the year 2008). Only five of those studies identified specific causes of accidental deaths. Because of this, we searched the Chinese medical literature databases CNKI and WanFang for single–cause mortality studies that were focused on accidental deaths. We identified 71 further studies that provided specific causes for accidental deaths. We used epidemiological modeling to estimate the number of accidental child deaths in China in 2010 and to assign those deaths to specific causes. Results In 2010, we estimated 314 581 deaths in children 0–4 years in China, of which 31 633 (10.1%) were accidental. Accidental deaths contributed 7240 (4.0%) of all deaths in neonatal period, 8838 (10.5%) among all post–neonatal infant deaths, and 15 554 (31.7%) among children with 1–4 years of age. Among four tested models, the most predictive was used to establish the likely cause structure of accidental deaths in China. We estimated that asphyxia caused 9490 (95% confidence interval (CI) 8224–11 072), drowning 5694 (95% CI 5061–6327), traffic accidents 3796 (95% CI 3163–4745), poisoning 3163 (95% CI 2531–3796) and falls 2531 (95% CI 2214–3163) deaths. Based on medians from a few rare studies, we also predict 633 (95% CI 316–1265) deaths to be due to burns and 316 (95% CI 0–633) due to falling objects. Together, these 7 causes explain more than 80% of all accidental deaths when modeling is primarily used, and more than 95% when the analysis is based purely on medians from the 76 available studies. Conclusions Reduction in global child mortality is a leading political priority and accidental deaths will soon emerge as one of the main challenges. In this paper we provided a detailed breakdown of causes of these deaths in a large middle–income country. We noted that, wherever the share of accidental deaths among all child deaths is increased, drowning is more likely to be the leading cause; asphyxia seems to be equally important in all contexts, while traffic accidents, poisoning and falls are relatively more important in contexts where the overall share of accidents to all child deaths is low.
On the Modeling, Characterization, and Analysis of the Current Distribution in PCB Transmission Lines With Surface Finishes

Due to manufacturing requirements, surface finishes have become a necessity in printed circuit board design. These finishes have significant effects on the RF performance of the transmission lines. In this paper, a filament modeling approach is used to model skin, proximity, and surface roughness effects in transmission lines with surface finishes up to 70 GHz. The approach shows a high accuracy compared with measurements. The model also gives an insight into how the current distributes itself by showing the frequency dependent proportion of the current that flows in each surface finish layer. In the case of NiP-Au or Ni-Au surface finishes, current migrates increasingly into gold at high frequencies and reaches a maximum in the Ni or NiP at around 3.5 GHz, and then declines. The distribution of the current in different materials can also be explained as the decay of an electromagnetic wave at the surface of the conductor. This approach shows that the evanescent wave in the cross section of the conductor can be analyzed as analog to a transmission- reflection problem, what we will call the surface finish effect. This effect brings into question the accuracy of the traditional skin-depth value, δ, and the models that depend on it, such as most surface roughness correction factors, for structures where different metals are layered in thicknesses that are not much larger than δ.
Contact-mediated control of radial migration of corneal epithelial cells

Purpose Patients with a heterozygous mutation in the gene encoding the transcription factor, PAX6, have a degenerative corneal opacity associated with failure of normal radial epithelial cell migration across the corneal surface and a reported wound healing defect. This study investigated the guidance mechanisms that drive the directed migration of corneal epithelial cells. Methods In vivo corneal epithelial wounding was performed in adult wild-type and Pax6+/− mice, and the healing migration rates were compared. To investigate the control of the cell migration direction, primary corneal epithelial cells from wild-type and Pax6+/− mice were plated on grooved quartz substrates, and alignment relative to the grooves was assayed. A reconstructed corneal culture system was developed in which dissociated wild-type and genetically mutant corneal epithelial cells could be cultured on a de-epithelialized corneal stroma or basement membrane and their migration assayed with time-lapse microscopy. Results The Pax6+/− cells efficiently re-epithelialized corneal wounds in vivo but had mild slowing of healing migration compared to the wild-type. Cells aligned parallel to quartz grooves in vitro, but the Pax6+/− cells were less robustly oriented than the wild-type. In the reconstructed corneal culture system, corneal epithelial cells continued to migrate radially, showing that the cells are guided by contact-mediated cues from the basement membrane. Recombining wild-type and Pax6 mutant corneal epithelial cells with wild-type and Pax6 mutant corneal stroma showed that normal Pax6 dosage was required autonomously in the epithelial cells for directed migration. Integrin-mediated attachment to the substrate, and intracellular PI3Kγ activity, were required for migration. Pharmacological inhibition of cAMP signaling randomized migration tracks in reconstructed corneas. Conclusions Striking patterns of centripetal migration of corneal epithelial cells observed in vivo are driven by contact-mediated cues operating through an intracellular cAMP pathway, and failure to read these cues underlies the migration defects that accompany corneal degeneration in patients with mutations in PAX6.
Millimeter-Wave CMOS Power Amplifiers With High Output Power and Wideband Performances

In this paper, we propose a design method of multi-way combining networks with impedance transformation for millimeter-wave (MMW) power amplifiers (PAs) to achieve high output power and wideband performance simultaneously in millimeter-wave frequency. Based on the proposed methodology, three power amplifiers are designed and fabricated in V-band, W-band, and D-band using 65-nm CMOS technology. With 1.2-V supply, the saturation powers of these power amplifiers are 23.2 dBm, 18 dBm and 13.2 dBm at 64 GHz, 90 GHz, and 140 GHz, with 25.1-GHz, 26-GHz, and 30-GHz 3-dB bandwidth, respectively. Compared with the published MMW amplifiers, these PAs achieve high output power and wide band performances simultaneously, and the ouput power levels is the state-of-the-art performance at these frequencies.
The Composite-Face Effect Survives Asymmetric Face Distortions

In two experiments, we investigated whether adults use holistic processing even for faces that are grossly distorted because their eyes have been moved asymmetrically to violate the common layout of a face (distorting its first-order relations). To this end we used a compelling demonstration that faces are processed as wholes, the composite-face effect. Specifically, adults judged the similarity of sequentially presented top halves of normal (original condition) and distorted faces with one eye (one-eye condition) or two eyes (two-eyes condition) shifted up by an abnormal amount. Trials were either blocked by type of distortion (experiment 1) or intermixed within the experiment (experiment 2). In both experiments, participants demonstrated a composite-face effect of the same magnitude in the three conditions, a pattern suggesting that they processed holistically even faces whose first-order relations were violated.
Application Researches on Engineering Mathematics Teaching and Learning Based on New Communication Technology

Applications on WeChat, a new type of communication technology product, in engineering mathematics teaching and learning are researched. First of all, the present use of WeChat offers the possibility and feasibility of using WeChat to support engineering mathematics teaching. Then applications of WeChat in teaching and learning of engineering mathematics are researched. It is discussed through the information pushing on WeChat platform during the preview, teaching, discussion and counseling phase, and students' self-learning and evaluation. Finally, some ideas are put forward.
Continuous Professional Development: What Role and Who Benefits? Reflections on Teacher Development in Uganda

ABSTRACT Continuous professional development has assumed a central role in organisational development in recent years. In the teaching profession, initial training is no longer seen as enough due to rapid changes in technology, social structures, ideologies and the increasing diversity of the classrooms. While acknowledging the empowering aspect of CPD, this article draws on both literature sources and on an ongoing empirical study on teacher professional integrity to analyse the challenges and opportunities of CPD programmes in Uganda. It also demonstrates a new approach to CPD based on research experiences with the teachers in one school in Uganda.
Radiotherapy for pituitary adenomas: long-term outcome and complications

Purpose To evaluate long-term local control rate and toxicity in patients treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for pituitary adenomas. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 60 patients treated with EBRT for pituitary adenoma at Korea University Medical Center from 1996 and 2006. Thirty-five patients had hormone secreting tumors, 25 patients had non-secreting tumors. Fifty-seven patients had received postoperative radiotherapy (RT), and 3 had received RT alone. Median total dose was 54 Gy (range, 36 to 61.2 Gy). The definition of tumor progression were as follows: evidence of tumor progression on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, worsening of clinical sign requiring additional operation or others, rising serum hormone level against a previously stable or falling value, and failure of controlling serum hormone level so that the hormone level had been far from optimal range until last follow-up. Age, sex, hormone secretion, tumor extension, tumor size, and radiation dose were analyzed for prognostic significance in tumor control. Results Median follow-up was 5.7 years (range, 2 to 14.4 years). The 10-year actuarial local control rates for non-secreting and secreting adenomas were 96% and 66%, respectively. In univariate analysis, hormone secretion was significant prognostic factor (p = 0.042) and cavernous sinus extension was marginally significant factor (p = 0.054) for adverse local control. All other factors were not significant. In multivariate analysis, hormone secretion and gender were significant. Fifty-three patients had mass-effect symptoms (headache, dizziness, visual disturbance, hypopituitarism, loss of consciousness, and cranial nerve palsy). A total of 17 of 23 patients with headache and 27 of 34 patients with visual impairment were improved. Twenty-seven patients experienced symptoms of endocrine hypersecretion (galactorrhea, amenorrhea, irregular menstruation, decreased libido, gynecomastia, acromegaly, and Cushing's disease). Amenorrhea was abated in 7 of 10 patients, galactorrhea in 8 of 8 patients, acromegaly in 7 of 11 patients, Cushing's disease in 4 of 4 patients. Long-term complication was observed in 4 patients; 3 patients with cerebrovascular accident, 1 patient developed dementia. Of these patients, 3 of 4 received more than 60 Gy of irradiation. Conclusion EBRT is highly effective in preventing recurrence and reducing mass effect of non-secreting adenoma. Effort to improve tumor control of secreting adenoma is required. Careful long-term follow-up is required when relatively high dose is applied. Modern radiosurgery or proton RT may be options to decrease late complications.
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) versus No Antiplatelet Therapy and Incidence of Major Bleeding in Patients on Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Aims Bleeding is a frequent complication in patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). An indication for dual antiplatelet therapy due to coronary stent implantation is present in a considerable number of these patients. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate if dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) significantly increases the high intrinsic bleeding risk in patients on VA-ECMO. Methods and Results A total of 93 patients were treated with VA-ECMO between October 2010 and October 2013. Average time on VA-ECMO was 58.9 ± 1.7 hours. Dual antiplatelet therapy was given to 51.6% of all patients. Any bleeding was recorded in 60.2% of all patients. There was no difference in bleeding incidence in patients on DAPT when compared to those without any antiplatelet therapy including any bleeding (66.7% vs. 57.1%, p = 0.35), BARC3 bleeding (43.8% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.31) or pulmonary bleeding (16.7% vs. 19.0%, p = 0.77). This holds true after adjustment for confounders. Rate of transfusion of red blood cells were similar in patients with or without DAPT (35.4% vs. 28.6%, p = 0.488). Conclusions Bleeding on VA-ECMO is frequent. This registry recorded no statistical difference in bleeding in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy when compared to no antiplatelet therapy. When indicated, DAPT should not be withheld from VA ECMO patients.
Hypoxia Enhances Metastatic Efficiency by Up-Regulating Mdm2 in KHT Cells and Increasing Resistance to Apoptosis

Tumor hypoxia has been reported to be a negative prognostic factor in a number of tumor sites. Both clinical and experimental studies have suggested a positive correlation between tumor hypoxia and increased metastatic efficiency; however, the mechanisms are not understood. In this study, the mechanisms of hypoxia-enhanced metastasis have been investigated in murine KHT fibrosarcoma and SCC VII cells. We have observed that hypoxia-pretreated KHT-C cells have a higher survival rate than control KHT-C cells after being arrested in mouse lungs. cDNA microarray analysis revealed many hypoxia-regulated genes, most of which have been reported to be involved in cell survival and growth. Among these genes, we have confirmed the up-regulation of Mdm2 by hypoxia and have demonstrated that this up-regulation is p53 independent. The up-regulation of Mdm2 by hypoxia is associated with decreased p53 protein and inhibition of the transactivation of p53 downstream proapoptotic genes. Overexpression of Mdm2 or suppression of p53 by transient transfection increased metastatic efficiency in KHT-C cells. These data suggest that hypoxia can increase tumor cell metastatic efficiency by rendering the tumor cells less sensitive to stress-induced cell death, e.g., through modifying the levels of Mdm2 and p53.
Redes sociales y personalidad: una revisión sistemática. Personality and Social Networks: a Systematic Review

Currently, profiling plays an important role in the field of criminology, both regarding prevention and analysis of criminal events already commited. The present theoretical review aims to gather and present the outcomes of the latest research on indirect profiling of personality , in order to find patterns that demonstrate their usefulness in order to determine personality traits of individuals involved in crime (whether victims or perpetrators ) . Taking social networks as research context, and adopting a systematic review process, researches of four different databases were analyzed, proceeding finally to classify the results and getting to general conclusions about each of the personality factors that make up the Big Five and their relationship with the individual’s behavior through social networks.
Higher degree research by numbers: beyond the critiques of neo-liberalism

ABSTRACT This article argues that strong theories of neo-liberalism do not provide an adequate frame for understanding the ways that measurement practices come to be embedded in the life-worlds of those working in higher education. We argue that neo-liberal metrics need to be understood from the viewpoint of their social usage, alongside other practices of qualification and quantification. In particular, this article maps the specific variables attending measurement in higher degree research programmes, as the key sites that familiarize students with measurement practices around research and teaching. With regard to the incremental reframing of doctoral study as a utilitarian pursuit, we suggest a need to better identify the singular and immeasurable features of long-term research projects, and argue for a revitalized notion of failure. In this context, this article suggests that many critiques of neo-liberalism do not sufficiently advance alternative ways to think about the purposes and limitations of higher education.
Lymphangiogenesis and cancer metastasis

• Anatomy and function of the lymphatic system • Tumour‐induced lymphangiogenesis promotes metastasis • Tumour‐induced lymph node lymphangiogenesis precedes cancer metastasis to lymph nodes • Tumour cell invasion into lymphatic vessels • Peri‐ and intra‐tumoral lymphangiogenesis • Lymphatic vessel markers and lymphangiogenic growth factors • Preventive and therapeutic potential of anti‐lymphangiogenic treatment • Tumour lymphangiogenesis as a prognostic indicator for lymph node metastasis ‐ Lymphatic vessel density ‐ Lymphatic invasion by tumour cells ‐ Lymphangiogenic growth factors ‐ Lymph node lymphangiogenesis • Diagnostic value of tumour‐associated lymphangiogenesis • Imaging of lymphatic vessels • Imaging lymphatic drainage • Non‐invasive imaging of lymph node metastases
Tractable Databases : How to Make Propositional Unit ResolutionComplete through CompilationAlvaro

We present procedures to compile any propo-sitional clausal database into a logically equivalent \compiled" database ? such that, for any clause C, j = C if and only if there is a unit refutation of ? :C. It follows that once the compilation process is complete any query about the logical consequences of can be correctly answered in time linear in the sum of the sizes of ? and the query. The compiled database ? is for all but one of the procedures a subset of the set PI(() of prime implicates of , but ? can be exponentially smaller than PI((). Of independent interest, we prove the equivalence of unit-refutability with two restrictions of resolution, and provide a new suu-cient condition for unit refutation completeness , thus identifying a new class of tractable theories, one which is of interest to abduction problems as well. Finally, we apply the results to the design of a complete LTMS.
Informal Science Learning: an investigation of how novelty and motivation affect interest development at a mobile laboratory

MobiLLab is a mobile science education program designed to awaken young people’s interest in science and technology (S&T). Perceived novelty, or unfamiliarity, has been shown to affect pupils’ educational outcomes at similar out-of-school learning places (OSLePs) such as museums and science centers. A study involved 215 mobiLLab pupils who responded to three surveys: a pre-preparation, at-visit, and post-visit survey. Results provide evidence for four dimensions of pupils’ at-visit novelty: curiosity, exploratory behavior, oriented feeling, and cognitive load. Findings also show that classroom preparation time, pupils’ perceived capability with technology, and dispositional curiosity related most strongly to their S&T attitudes. The study offers specific insights into how educators can develop materials, activities, and learning settings that appeal to both genders and that support development of desired educational outcomes, such as interest and knowledge. As settings that foster learner autonomy, OSLePs are uniquely positioned to engage learners in S&T topics and careers.
Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) using an Artificial Neural Network in embedded system with low sampling rate

A Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) system is an energy demand monitoring and load identification system that only uses one instrument installed at main power distribution board. In this paper authors have used low sampling rate of monitored data to detect any change of power signal that obtained a 1 Hz sampling rate of active power from energy meter. Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for training steady-state real power and reactive power signatures. This paper point to four appliances including air conditioner television refrigerator and rice cooker. The results showed that in simulation test can disaggregation of appliances in correct detection rate 98% and in the installation test can disaggregation of appliances in correct detection rate 95%.
Persona cases: a technique for grounding personas

Personas are a popular technique in User-Centered Design, however their validity can be called into question. While the techniques used to developed personas and their integration with other design activities provide some measure of validity, a persona's legitimacy can be threatened by challenging its characteristics. This note presents Persona Cases: personas whose characteristics are both grounded in, and traceable to their originating source of empirical data. This approach builds on the premise that sense-making in qualitative data analysis is an argumentative activity, and aligns concepts associated with a Grounded Theory analysis with recent work on arguing the characteristics of personas. We illustrate this approach using a case study in the Critical Infrastructure Protection domain.
Russian Attitudes Toward Paying Taxes - Before, During and After the Transition

This paper examines citizens’ attitudes toward paying taxes – what is sometimes termed their “tax morale”, or the intrinsic motivation to pay taxes – focusing on the experience of individuals in the Russian Federation. A unique aspect of our analysis is our ability to study tax morale before (1991), during (1995), and shortly after (1999) the transition of the Russian economy from a centrally planned economy to one based on market reliance. Our empirical analysis uses data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey. The results show decay in tax morale in the first four years of the transition from 1991 to 1995, and a small recovery in 1999. These results are consistent with the relevance of social norms in tax compliance, where the widespread perception of tax evasion and of a corrupt and inefficient state led initially to a decline of tax morale. However, the results also suggest that the restoration of a higher level of trust in the state, after some progress in the transition to a market economy, positively influenced tax morale. Using disaggregated data for Russian regions, we also find significant regional differences in tax morale, reflecting the degree of trust different regions have toward Moscow’s institutions and policies.