Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The implications of tides on the Mimas ocean hypothesis

We investigate whether a present‐day global ocean within Mimas is compatible with the lack of tectonic activity on its surface by computing tidal stresses for ocean‐bearing interior structure models derived from observed librations. We find that, for the suite of compatible rheological models, peak surface tidal stresses caused by Mimas' high eccentricity would range from a factor of 2 smaller to an order of magnitude larger than those on tidally active Europa. Thermal stresses from a freezing ocean, or a past higher eccentricity, would enhance present‐day tidal stresses, exceeding the magnitudes associated with Europa's ubiquitous tidally driven fractures and, in some cases, the failure strength of ice in laboratory studies. Therefore, in order for Mimas to have an ocean, its ice shell cannot fail at the stress values implied for Europa. Furthermore, if Mimas' ocean is freezing out, the ice shell must also be able to withstand thermal stresses that could be an order of magnitude higher than the failure strength of laboratory ice samples. In light of these challenges, we consider an ocean‐free Mimas to be the most straightforward model, best supported by our tidal stress analysis.
Deleterious phenotypes in wild Arabidopsis arenosa populations are common and linked to runs of homozygosity

Abstract In this study, we aimed to systematically assess the frequency at which potentially deleterious phenotypes appear in natural populations of the outcrossing model plant Arabidopsis arenosa, and to establish their underlying genetics. For this purpose, we collected seeds from wild A. arenosa populations and screened over 2,500 plants for unusual phenotypes in the greenhouse. We repeatedly found plants with obvious phenotypic defects, such as small stature and necrotic or chlorotic leaves, among first-generation progeny of wild A. arenosa plants. Such abnormal plants were present in about 10% of maternal sibships, with multiple plants with similar phenotypes in each of these sibships, pointing to a genetic basis of the observed defects. A combination of transcriptome profiling, linkage mapping and genome-wide runs of homozygosity patterns using a newly assembled reference genome indicated a range of underlying genetic architectures associated with phenotypic abnormalities. This included evidence for homozygosity of certain genomic regions, consistent with alleles that are identical by descent being responsible for these defects. Our observations suggest that deleterious alleles with different genetic architectures are segregating at appreciable frequencies in wild A. arenosa populations.
Use and Impact of Simulation in Family Caregiver Education: A Systematic Review

Background: Involving family caregivers in a team-based approach has become increasingly important. Simulation-based interventions in nursing have been effective. However, the effect of simulation on family caregiver education is not widely known and is limited. Objective: This study aimed to describe the current state of simulation-based interventions in family caregivers of patients with chronic diseases. Methods: This systematic review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane with a medical librarian’s help. This review included quantitative, primary, peer-reviewed English-written research articles that reported outcomes for family caregivers. We focused on the data about purpose, design, setting, population, intervention characteristics, and outcomes. Before analyzing the selected studies, we evaluated the risk of bias using the revised Cochrane Risk-Of-Bias tool for randomized trials. Results: Our search yielded 9 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the 9 articles analyzed were designed in a quasi-experimental design. In addition, most studies focused on certain diseases and used low-fidelity simulators. The simulation content mainly focused on technical simulations to help care for patients. Some simulations had a positive influence on family caregivers’ knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Conclusions: We expect more simulation-based interventions for caregivers, especially those targeting diverse populations, using appropriate modalities and randomized control designs.
The interaction of climate, plant, and soil factors drives putative soil fungal pathogen diversity and community structure in dry grasslands

Abstract Soil pathogens play important roles in shaping soil microbial diversity and controlling ecosystem functions. Though climate and local environmental factors and their influences on fungal pathogen communities have been examined separately, few studies explore the relative contributions of these factors. This is particularly crucial in eco‐fragile regions, which are more sensitive to environmental changes. Herein we investigated the diversity and community structure of putative soil fungal pathogens in cold and dry grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau, using high‐throughput sequencing. The results showed that steppe soils had the highest diversity of all pathogens and plant pathogens; contrastingly, meadow soils had the highest animal pathogen diversity. Structural equation modelling revealed that climate, plant, and soil had similar levels of influence on putative soil fungal pathogen diversity, with total effects ranging from 52% to 59% (all p < 0.001), with precipitation exhibiting a stronger direct effect than plant and soil factors. Putative soil fungal pathogen community structure gradually changed with desert, steppe, and meadow, and was primarily controlled by the interactions of climate, plant, and soil factors rather than by distinct factors individually. This finding contrasts with most studies of soil bacterial and fungal community structure, which generally report dominant roles of individual environmental factors.
Relationship between Serum Interleukin-6 Levels and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants at 28-34 Weeks’ Gestation with Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity among preterm infants, especially in developing countries. Up to 40% of those infants who do survive RDS may develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The aim of this study is to find out the relationship between serum IL-6 levels and BPD in preterm infants at 28–34 weeks’ gestation with RDS. A cross sectional study was carried out in Department of Child Health Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in June–September 2018. Serum samples collected within 6–12 hours after birth. Respiratory distress syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of radiographic findings, respiratory distress, and an increasing oxygen requirement. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia was diagnosed based on the requirement of supplemented oxygen by at least 28 days at 36 weeks of post menstrual age (PMA). Serum IL-6 levels were measured using enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data was analyzed using logistic regression. Sixty-eight neonates were studied. Ten developed BPD and 58 were not. Based on logistic regression showed that an increase of 1 pg/mL of serum IL-6 levels from the normal values examined at 6–12 hours after birth in preterm infants at 28–34 weeks’ gestation with RDS would increase log odds of BDP by 0.005 (p = 0.031) after adjustment for confounding factors of birth weight and gestational age. Increased in serum IL-6 levels within 6–12 hours after birth in preterm infants at 28–34 weeks’ gestation with RDS was associated with an increased risk of BPD.
Drosophila models of phosphatidylinositol glycan biosynthesis class A congenital disorder of glycosylation (PIGA-CDG) mirror patient phenotypes

Abstract Mutations in the phosphatidylinositol glycan biosynthesis class A (PIGA) gene cause a rare, X-linked recessive congenital disorder of glycosylation. Phosphatidylinositol glycan biosynthesis class A congenital disorder of glycosylation (PIGA-CDG) is characterized by seizures, intellectual and developmental delay, and congenital malformations. The PIGA gene encodes an enzyme involved in the first step of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor biosynthesis. There are over 100 GPI-anchored proteins that attach to the cell surface and are involved in cell signaling, immunity, and adhesion. Little is known about the pathophysiology of PIGA-CDG. Here, we describe the first Drosophila model of PIGA-CDG and demonstrate that loss of PIG-A function in Drosophila accurately models the human disease. As expected, complete loss of PIG-A function is larval lethal. Heterozygous null animals appear healthy but, when challenged, have a seizure phenotype similar to what is observed in patients. To identify the cell-type specific contributions to disease, we generated neuron- and glia-specific knockdown of PIG-A. Neuron-specific knockdown resulted in reduced lifespan and a number of neurological phenotypes but no seizure phenotype. Glia-knockdown also reduced lifespan and, notably, resulted in a very strong seizure phenotype. RNA sequencing analyses demonstrated that there are fundamentally different molecular processes that are disrupted when PIG-A function is eliminated in different cell types. In particular, loss of PIG-A in neurons resulted in upregulation of glycolysis, but loss of PIG-A in glia resulted in upregulation of protein translation machinery. Here, we demonstrate that Drosophila is a good model of PIGA-CDG and provide new data resources for future study of PIGA-CDG and other GPI anchor disorders.
The early Middle Miocene mollusc fauna of Lake Rein (Eastern Alps,Austria)

We present the first thorough revision of the continental mollusc fauna from the early Middle Miocene wetlands of the Rein Basin (Styria, Austria). Lake Rein was a shallow ephemeral lake with carbonate sedimentation. Its mollusc assemblage comprises 13 species and is dominated by planorbid gastropods in species and individual numbers, accompanied by lymnaeids and rare hydrobiids. The terrestrial assemblage consists of 35 species with Discidae, Elonidae and Helicidae as most abundant taxa along with carychiids. The terrestrial gastropods suggest moist woodland and only limited areas of open habitats; the freshwater species point to stagnant and shallow water bodies with dense vegetation and only very limited fluvial input. Many taxa are illustrated for the first time and historical mis-identifications are corrected. About one third of the species is known so far from the Rein Basin only, but the majority of the species is also known from other Middle Miocene lakes and wetlands of Central Europe. The strongest faunistic relations are indicated with the Badenian wetlands of the Paratethys Sea and the so-called Silvana-beds of Southern Germany. Hauffenia mandici Neubauer & Harzhauser n. sp. , Radix enzenbachensis Neubauer & Harzhauser n. sp. , Gyraulus krohi Neubauer & Harzhauser n. sp. , Truncatellina pantherae Harzhauser & Neubauer n. sp. , Euconulus styriacus Harzhauser, Neubauer & Binder n. sp. , “Discus” schneideri Harzhauser & Neubauer n. sp. and Musculium miocaenicum Neubauer & Harzhauser n. sp. are introduced as new species. Cochlodina (Miophaedusa) reinensis Harzhauser & Neubauer n. nom. is introduced as replacement name for Clausilia gobanzi Penecke, 1891 non Pfeiffer, 1868.
A Novel Solution to Test Face Recognition Methods on the Training Data Set

In modern life, we need better techniques based on biometric features recognition such as face recognition, fingerprint recognition and iris recognition. We present a method which can be used for face recognition or verification applications. The method can solve the problem that when the number of data categories is large and each number of the category used for training is small. As the conventional four stages, face detection, face alignment, face representation and face classification, we propose a Siamese architecture especially for the representation stage and use a one-against-one support vector machine for the classification stage. LFW dataset is used for training and testing which gets a considerable result. And we also test our system on other face dataset, which has a high accuracy on the recognition.
A Riparian Vegetation Ecophysiological Response Model

A mathematical model is described that relates mature riparian vegetation ecophysiological response to changes in stream level. This model was developed to estimate the physiological response of riparian vegetation to reductions in streamflow. Field data from two sites on the North Fork of the Kings River were used in the model development. The physiological response of three adult white alders and one juvenile red willow were simulated as a function of the meteorological and streamflow conditions. Estimates of predawn leaf water potential, leaf temperature and transpiration rate were comparable to measured values, indicating our model can be used for predictive purposes.
Prophylactic Prednisolone Promotes AAV5 Hepatocyte Transduction Through the Novel Mechanism of AAV5 Coreceptor Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha Upregulation and Innate Immune Suppression

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are used to deliver therapeutic transgenes, but host immune responses may interfere with transduction and transgene expression. We evaluated prophylactic corticosteroid treatment on AAV5-mediated expression in liver tissue. Wild-type C57BL/6 mice received 6 × 1013 vg/kg AAV5-HLP-hA1AT, an AAV5 vector carrying a human α1-antitrypsin (hA1AT) gene with a hepatocyte-specific promoter. Mice received 4 weeks of daily 2 mg/kg prednisolone or water starting day −1 or 0 before vector dosing. Mice that received prophylactic corticosteroids had significantly higher serum hA1AT protein than mice that did not, starting at 6 weeks and persisting to the study end at 12 weeks, potentially through a decrease in the number of low responders. RNAseq and proteomic analyses investigating mechanisms mediating the improvement of transgene expression found that prophylactic corticosteroid treatment upregulated the AAV5 coreceptor platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) on hepatocytes and downregulated its competitive ligand PDGFα, thus increasing the uptake of AAV5 vectors. Evidently, prophylactic corticosteroid treatment also suppressed acute immune responses to AAV. Together, these mechanisms resulted in increased uptake and preservation of the transgene, allowing more vector genomes to be available to assemble into stable, full-length structures mediating long-term transgene expression. Prophylactic corticosteroids represent a potential actionable strategy to improve AAV5-mediated transgene expression and decrease intersubject variability.
Process for producing compounds comprising nitrile functions

본 발명은 니트릴 관능기를 포함하는 화합물 및 환형 이미드 화합물의 제조에 관한 것이다. 보다 구체적으로 본 발명은 유리하게는 자연 유래 및 재생을 통해 얻어지는 카복실 관능기를 포함한 화합물로부터, 그리고 2-메틸글루타로니트릴(MGN), 2-에틸숙시노니트릴(ESN) 및 아디포니트릴(AdN)을 포함하는 디니트릴 혼합물 N으로부터 니트릴 관능기를 포함하는 화합물을 제조하는 것에 관한 것이다.
Sampling RTB transactions in an online machine learning setting

We (the machine learning team at Jampp) strive to predict click-through rates (CTR) and conversion rates (CVR) for the real-time bidding (RTB) online advertising market by means of an in-house online machine learning platform based on a state-of-the-art stochastic gradient descent estimator. Our estimation framework has already been covered in a previous paper, so here we want to focus on some peripheral aspects of our platform that, in spite of being of a somewhat ancillary nature, nevertheless tend to dominate development efforts and overall system complexity; namely, in order to feed the learning system we first need to sample a very high-volume stream of out-of-order and scattered-in-time events and consolidate them into a sequence of observations representing the underlying market transactions, each observation composed of a set of features and a response, from which the estimator is ultimately able to learn. This paper is written in a down-to-earth fashion: we describe a number of particular difficulties the general problem of sampling in an online high-volume setting poses and then we present our concrete answers to those difficulties based on real, hands-on, experience.
Dynamic regulation of EXO1 promotes the progression from liver fibrosis to HCC through TGF-β1/Smad signaling feedback loop

Background: HSCs are the main stromal cells in the process of liver fibrosis and accelerate HCC progression. Previous studies determined that highly expressed exonuclease 1 (EXO1) increases the malignant behavior of HCC cells and is closely related to liver cirrhosis. This study aimed to explore the roles and mechanisms of EXO1 in the development of liver cirrhosis and HCC. Methods: We fully demonstrated that EXO1 expression was positively correlated with liver fibrosis and cirrhotic HCC by combining bioinformatics, hepatic fibrosis mouse models, and human HCC tissues. The role of EXO1 in a murine HCC model induced by activated forms of AKT and Ras oncogenes (AKT/Ras) was investigated by employing an adeno-associated virus-mediated EXO1 knockdown technique. Results: The knockdown of EXO1 promoted a regression of HCC in AKT/Ras mice and reduced the degree of liver fibrosis. Downregulated EXO1 inhibited LX-2 cell activation and inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCC cells. Moreover, conditioned medium of LX-2 cells with EXO1 overexpression increased the proliferation and migration of HCC cells, which was attenuated after EXO1 knockout in LX-2 cells. EXO1 knockdown attenuated the role of LX-2 in promoting HepG2 xenograft growth in vivo. Mechanistically, EXO1 promotes the activation of the downstream TGF-β-smad2/3 signaling in LX-2 and HCC cells. Interestingly, increased TGF-β-smad2/3 signaling had a feedback effect on EXO1, which sustains EXO1 expression and continuously stimulates the activation of HSCs. Conclusions: EXO1 forms a positive feedback circuit with TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling and promotes the activation of HSCs, which accelerates HCC progression. Those findings indicate EXO1 may be a promising target for the diagnosis and treatment of cirrhotic HCC.
Insight into the significance of CD8+ tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes in squamous cell lung cancer

Abstract Background Although there are great expectations regarding the use of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to predict effects of immunotherapies and prognosis, knowledge about TILs remains insufficient for clinical application. Methods We objectively investigated the prognostic significance of tumor‐infiltrating CD8 + lymphocytes (CD8 + TILs) in squamous cell lung cancer (SQ‐LC). Among patients who underwent surgical resection of SQ‐LC in 2011–2017, 100 patients with pathological stage IA3‐III were immunohistochemically studied to evaluate CD8 + TILs in the tumor stroma and parenchyma. The impact of CD8 + TILs on relapse‐free survival was analyzed using a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and multivariate analyses using Fine‐Gray and Cox proportional hazards models. Results The multivariate analysis showed that large and small numbers, but not intermediate numbers, of CD8 + TILs in the tumor stroma may be related to a more favorable prognosis (small vs. intermediate: HR, 0.64; 95% CI: 0.29–1.41, p = 0.27; large vs. intermediate: HR, 0.48; 95% CI: 0.21–1.09, p = 0.08). In contrast, a large number of CD8 + TILs in the tumor parenchyma was associated with a poor prognosis (HR, 2.60; 95% CI: 0.91–7.42, p = 0.075). An exploratory analysis showed a potentially strong association between an extremely large number of CD8 + TILs in the tumor parenchyma and a poor prognosis, even with a large number of CD8 + TILs in the tumor stroma. Conclusion Our study provided partial but important information on the significance of CD8 + TILs in SQ‐LC. To use CD8 + TILs as biomarkers, a better understanding of CD8 + TILs as well as other important components in the tumor microenvironment and the inflammatory phenotypes they form may be needed.
Efficient Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes with Randomly Oriented Nanocrystals

Ruddlesden–Popper phase (RP‐phase) perovskites that consist of 2D perovskite slabs interleaved with bulky organic ammonium (OA) are favorable for light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). The critical limitation of LED applications is that the insulating OA arranged in a preferred orientation limits charge transport. Therefore, the ideal solution is to achieve a randomly connected structure that can improve charge transport without hampering the confinement of the electron–hole pair. Here, a structurally modulated RP‐phase metal halide perovskite (MHP), (PEA)2(CH3NH3)m−1PbmBr3m+1 is introduced to make the randomly oriented RP‐phase unit and ensure good connection between them by applying modified nanocrystal pinning, which leads to an increase in the efficiency of perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs). The randomly connected RP‐phase MHP forces contact between inorganic layers and thereby yields efficient charge transport and radiative recombination. Combined with an optimal dimensionality, (PEA)2(CH3NH3)2Pb3Br10, the structurally modulated RP‐phase MHP exhibits increased photoluminescence quantum efficiency, from 0.35% to 30.3%, and their PeLEDs show a 2,018 times higher current efficiency (20.18 cd A−1) than in the 2D PeLED (0.01 cd A−1) and 673 times than in the 3D PeLED (0.03 cd A−1) using the same film formation process. This approach provides insight on how to solve the limitation of RP‐phase MHP for efficient PeLEDs.
Performance evaluation of preconditioning method for in-body current density analysis using numerical human model

Iterative methods such as the COCG method and the COCR method take too long to solve large-scale linear equations obtained by the SPFD method, which is a current density analysis method that uses a numerical human model. Therefore, in the present study, in order to accelerate these methods, we introduce iterative methods with various preconditioning methods. The results indicate that the block decomposition method can improve the parallelism of the IC and SSOR preconditioning. In addition, SSOR preconditioning and block SSOR preconditioning for a single thread and block IC decomposition preconditioning for multiple threads are the fastest methods used in the present study.
Excessive daytime sleepiness among dental students: A meta-analysis of prevalence

Introduction: Excessive daytime sleepiness is highly prevalent and variable in health students. However, a meta-analysis that synthesizes the prevalence of this symptom in dental students has yet to be reported. Objective: To compute the pooled prevalence of sleepiness in dental students. Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between 2000 and 2023 was developed in Spanish, English, and Portuguese, with the keywords sleepiness, excessive drowsiness, Epworth scale for drowsiness, and dental students in all three languages. Original articles and degree theses that reported the frequency of sleepiness with a cut-off point for the Epworth scale for sleepiness greater than ten were included. The sample sizes and the number of students positive for sleepiness were observed, and the prevalence, raw and adjusted for sample size, was calculated. Results: Seven articles were included with participant samples between 128 and 325 students, totaling 1,546. Students were positive on the Epworth scale for sleepiness between 43 and 189, with a sum of 671. The pooled prevalence was 42.7% (95% CI 40.3-45.2). Conclusions: drowsiness is present in four out of ten dental students. It is necessary to systematize the factors associated with drowsiness and establish a relationship with the academic performance of dental students.