Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simultaneously Generating Secret and Private Keys in a Cooperative Pairwise-Independent Network

This paper studies the problem of simultaneously generating a secret key (SK) and a private key (PK) between Alice and Bob, in a cooperative pairwise-independent network (PIN) with two relays. In the PIN, the pairwise source observed by every pair of terminals is independent of those sources observed by any other pairs. The SK needs to be protected from Eve, while the PK needs to be protected not only from Eve but also from the two relays. Two cooperative SK-PK generation algorithms are proposed: both of them first generate common randomness, based on the well-established pairwise key generation technique and the application of the one-time pad; but then, the two algorithms utilize the XOR operation and a specific random-binning-based SK-PK codebook to generate the expected keys, respectively. The achievable SK-PK rate regions of both the two proposed algorithms are analyzed. Of particular interest is the second algorithm with random-bing based codebook, whose achievable key rate region is demonstrated to be exactly the same as the derived outer bound, a crucial step for establishing the key capacity of this PIN model. Finally, the two proposed SK-PK generation algorithms are extended to a cooperative wireless network, where the correlated source observations are obtained from estimating wireless channels during a training phase.
HDL Proteome in Hemodialysis Patients: A Quantitative Nanoflow Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Approach

Aside from a decrease in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, qualitative abnormalities of HDL can contribute to an increase in cardiovascular (CV) risk in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD). Dysfunctional HDL leads to an alteration of reverse cholesterol transport and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of HDL. In this study, a quantitative proteomics approach, based on iTRAQ labeling and nanoflow liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis, was used to generate detailed data on HDL-associated proteins. The HDL composition was compared between seven chronic HD patients and a pool of seven healthy controls. To confirm the proteomics results, specific biochemical assays were then performed in triplicate in the 14 samples as well as 46 sex-matched independent chronic HD patients and healthy volunteers. Of the 122 proteins identified in the HDL fraction, 40 were differentially expressed between the healthy volunteers and the HD patients. These proteins are involved in many HDL functions, including lipid metabolism, the acute inflammatory response, complement activation, the regulation of lipoprotein oxidation, and metal cation homeostasis. Among the identified proteins, apolipoprotein C-II and apolipoprotein C-III were significantly increased in the HDL fraction of HD patients whereas serotransferrin was decreased. In this study, we identified new markers of potential relevance to the pathways linked to HDL dysfunction in HD. Proteomic analysis of the HDL fraction provides an efficient method to identify new and uncharacterized candidate biomarkers of CV risk in HD patients.
Coronary heart disease prevention in clinical practice: are patients with diabetes special? Evidence from two studies of older men and women

Objective: To assess whether the extent of primary and secondary coronary heart disease (CHD) prevention in older British men and women differs between patients with and without diabetes. Design: Two prospective cardiovascular cohort studies. Setting: 24 British towns. Patients: 4252 men and 4286 women aged 60–79 years examined between 1998 and 2001. Main outcome measures: Use of aspirin, statin, and blood pressure lowering treatment and risk factor control, examined by diabetic status and history of established CHD. Results: About 20% of the men and 12% of the women had established CHD at age 60–79 years and 7% of the men and 5% of the women had diabetes. In primary CHD prevention, patients with diabetes were more likely to receive CHD risk reducing medications than those without diabetes, but the proportions receiving preventive treatments in both groups were low. In secondary prevention, diabetic and non-diabetic patients received similar levels of treatment, with the exception of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and (for women only) blood pressure lowering treatment, which were more widely used among diabetic patients. There were no clear differences in blood pressure control or cigarette smoking by diabetic status in primary or secondary prevention. Mean total cholesterol concentrations were lower in diabetic patients independently of treatment with statins. Conclusions: Despite their exceptionally high CHD risk, many opportunities to reduce CHD risk among patients with diabetes have not been taken.
SALSA: Analyzing Logs as StAte Machines

SALSA examines system logs to derive state-machine views of the sytem's execution, along with controlflow, data-flow models and related statistics. Exploiting SALSA's derived views and statistics, we can effectively construct higher-level useful analyses. We demonstrate SALSA's approach by analyzing system logs generated in a Hadoop cluster, and then illustrate SALSA's value by developing visualization and failure-diagnosis techniques, for three different Hadoop workloads, based on our derived state-machine views and statistics.
Vascular Targeted Radioimmunotherapy for the Treatment of Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma is characterized by an aggressive and aberrant vascular network that promotes tumor progression and hinders effective treatment; the median survival is 16 mo despite standard-of-care therapies. There is a need to improve therapeutic options for this disease. We hypothesized that antibody targeting of the vascular endothelium of glioblastoma with cytotoxic short-range, high-energy α-particles would be an effective therapeutic approach. Methods: E4G10, an antibody directed at an epitope of monomeric vascular endothelium cadherin that is expressed in tumor neovasculature and on endothelial progenitor cells in the bone marrow, was labeled with α-particle-emitting 225Ac. Pharmacokinetic studies investigated the tissue distribution and blood clearance of the 225Ac-E4G10 radioimmunoconstruct in a transgenic Nestin-tumor virus A (Ntva) mouse model of high-grade glioblastoma. Histologic analysis was used to demonstrate local therapeutic effects in treated brain tumor sections. Radioimmunotherapy with 225Ac-E4G10 was performed in Ntva mice to assess overall survival alone and in combination with temozolomide, the standard-of-care chemotherapeutic agent. Results: 225Ac-E4G10 was found to accumulate in tissues expressing the target antigen. Antivascular α-particle therapy of glioblastoma in the transgenic Ntva model resulted in significantly improved survival compared with controls and potent control of tumor growth. Adding the chemotherapeutic temozolomide to the treatment increased survival to 30 d (vs. 9 d for vehicle-treated animals). Histologic analyses showed a remodeled glioblastoma vascular microenvironment. Conclusion: Targeted α-particle antivascular therapy is shown for the first time to be effective in increasing overall survival in a solid tumor in a clinically relevant transgenic glioblastoma mouse model.
Pseudocapsular exfoliation in the Bantu of South Africa. II. Occurrence and prevalence.

Pseudocapsular exfoliation occurs in most races and countries but appears to be particularly common in Norway and in the Eastern European and Mediterranean countries. It is rare in American Negroes, only two cases having been reported (Gradle and Sugar, 1947), and in Negroes in the West Indies (Connell, I970), and has not been reported in Negroes elsewhere outside South Africa (Bartholomew, I970; Luntz, I970). The geographical distribution of exfoliation was reviewed by Aasved (i969), who concluded that many of the differences in occurrence and prevalence are due to the nature of the samples and methods used. He found prevalence rates, in three groups of subjects over 60years old, of 6 3 per cent. in Norway, 4 0 per cent. in Germany, and 4.7 per cent. in England, using similar samples and identical methods ofexamination. The apparent rarity of exfoliation in Negroes throughout the world, apart from the South African Bantu, promoted these efforts to obtain more information about the occurrence and prevalence of exfoliation in the various Bantu tribes, who have different racial and genetic backgrounds, live under widely different climatic conditions, and are at different stages in development from a primitive rural to an urban way of life.
Incorporation of Local Structural Preference Potential Improves Fold Recognition

Fold recognition, or threading, is a popular protein structure modeling approach that uses known structure templates to build structures for those of unknown. The key to the success of fold recognition methods lies in the proper integration of sequence, physiochemical and structural information. Here we introduce another type of information, local structural preference potentials of 3-residue and 9-residue fragments, for fold recognition. By combining the two local structural preference potentials with the widely used sequence profile, secondary structure information and hydrophobic score, we have developed a new threading method called FR-t5 (fold recognition by use of 5 terms). In benchmark testings, we have found the consideration of local structural preference potentials in FR-t5 not only greatly enhances the alignment accuracy and recognition sensitivity, but also significantly improves the quality of prediction models.
GridStat: A Flexible QoS-Managed Data Dissemination Framework for the Power Grid

With the increase in the monitoring of operational data at very high rates in high voltage substations and the ability to time synchronize these data with global positioning systems, there is a growing need for transmitting this data for monitoring, operation, protection, and control needs. The sets of data that need to be transferred and the speed at which they need to be transferred depend on the application-for example, slow for postevent analysis, near real time for monitoring and as close to real time as possible for control or protection. In this paper, we describe GridStat, a novel middleware framework we have developed to provide flexible, robust, and secure data communications for the power grid's operations. Test results demonstrate that such a flexible framework can also guarantee latency that is suitable for fast wide-area protection and control.
The rational of analysis of inquiry: The case of parsing.

Acknowledgement. We would like to thank Mike Oaksford for valuable comments on a previous version of this paper. 2 The cognitive system is not merely a passive receiver of information. It has some measure of control of what information it receives; and how that information is processed. Control over the information received may be exercised in a wide variety of ways, from adjustments to the sense organs (e.g., by moving the eyes), to decisions concerning which newspaper to read. Control over how information is processed is equally ubiquitous, ranging from attentional mechanisms (presuming that such mechanisms at least to some degree bias the resources applied to processing different aspects of the sensory input) to how much effort to spend thinking about a move in a possible move in a chess game, or on a decision in everyday life. The cognitive system is engaged in a process of inquiry 1 about the world: it must chose how to collect information and how to process that information. An analogy is intended here between inquiry by the cognitive system and organized inquiry involved in research. Inquiry in research also involves judicious control over information (e.g., which experiments are performed, which observations are made) and how that information is processed (how that data is analysed, what hypotheses are proposed, when are they abandoned, and so on). We shall develop this analogy further below. Inquiry is difficult, whether in a cognitive or scientific context, because it typically must proceed in the face of very severe resource limitations. Information gathering must therefore be highly selective. It is not possible, for example, to obtain a high-resolution image of the entire visual world; the fovea must be directed towards a tiny part of that image at any one time. Similarly, it is not possible to read all newspapers, or all articles in a single newspaper; reading must be highly selective to obtain maximum benefit. Information processing must also be highly selective: attention cannot be directed everywhere; only a tiny fraction of sequences of chess moves can be analysed, and so on. Given that people (and animals) appear to be highly successful information processing systems, presumably these problem of directing inquiry are typically solved satisfactorily. How is this possible? This chapter provides a framework for answering questions of this form, at the level of rational analysis (Anderson, 1990, 1991; Oaksford & Chater, 1995a). Rational analysis involves providing a normatively …
Density of arteriovenous anastomoses in some skin areas of the domestic fowl (gallus domesticus)

The vascularity and the density of arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs) were studied in the skin of the domestic fowl by using vascular injections and histological sections. The density of AVAs and associated blood vessels were low in the wattles and in the thoracic skin (five to 23 AVAs per cm2 and five to 14 AVAs per cm2, respectively), whereas the eyelids were highly vascular and contained many AVAs (170‐172 AVAs per cm2). It is suggested that the blood vessels in the eyelids are important in the temperature regulation of the eye and that AVAs in the thoracic skin may contribute to the control of blood flow through the brood patch.
Motion from continuous or discontinuous arrangements

Previously, the study of motion was directed almost wholl y to apparent motion, the compelling sense of motion derive d from the properly timed presentation of spatially separate d stimuli. Only recently has the study of real motion com e somewhat into its own, the result in part of great improvements in the technology of stimulus control. Motion perceive d in the cinema is the paradigmatic case of apparent motion— a series of stills presented at the proper rate creates the sense i n the observer of a continuous movement of objects. The tw o kinds of motion, "apparent motion" derived from dis-continuous displays, and "real motion" derived from a continuously moving object, are often distinguished only by thei r means of production ; in appearance they can be hard to tel l apart. The similarity of appearance often led people to affirm a n identity of mechanism. Apparent motion was sometimes sai d to be a derivative case of real motion (Gregory, 1966), or rea l motion was sometimes said to be a limiting case of apparent motion (Ansbacher, 1944). Sometimes it was even claimed that it was unfortunate that anyone had ever sought to make a distinction between the two forms of stimulation (Gibson , 1968) ; the reason behind this opinion was the belief that th e perception of motion was due wholly to the order and timin g of stimulation. The means or mechanisms by which perceptions of motion are created visually remain central questions i n the area ; I will comment briefly on two aspects, by way o f introduction to the papers. The first concerns equivalence of the two—the claim base d on their very similar appearance. In some experiments o n motion a few years ago, the interaction of the moving objec t and visual objects in its path, or upon the path itself, wa s studied (Kolers, 1963). The findings were that an object in continuous motion influenced objects in its path, whereas a n object in apparent motion, despite looking like the object i n continuous motion, had no such influence. Other object s interposed into the path could moreover alter the shape of th e path of objects in apparent motion, and did so more than the y affected objects in continuous motion. A few other condition s were identified that were different for perception of motio n from …
MRA of processes synthesized by differintegration

A definition of multiresolution analysis (MRA) of Gaussian processes is proposed. The problem, in a natural way, reduces to the MRA of the associated reproducing kernel Hilbert space. We then show that for processes synthesized from Gaussian white process by fractional integration of order /spl alpha//spl ges/1, this definition is applicable. The MRA results in an orthogonal expansion of these processes. The region of interest is the positive real line. Using this representation then a decomposition of a wider class of Gaussian processes is given. This representation is multiscale in two ways: firstly, the Gaussian process is split into various component processes characterized by the smoothness of their sample paths and secondly, each of these component processes has a MRA as defined in this paper.
Aberrant splicing of HTT generates the pathogenic exon 1 protein in Huntington disease

Huntington disease (HD) is a devastating, late-onset, inherited neurodegenerative disorder that manifests with personality changes, movement disorders, and cognitive decline. It is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in exon 1 of the HTT gene that translates to a polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin protein (HTT). The formation of HTT fragments has been implicated as an essential step in the molecular pathogenesis of HD and several proteases that cleave HTT have been identified. However, the importance of smaller N-terminal fragments has been highlighted by their presence in HD postmortem brains and by the fact that nuclear inclusions are only detected by antibodies to the N terminus of HTT. Despite an intense research effort, the precise length of these fragments and the mechanism by which they are generated remains unknown. Here we show that CAG repeat length–dependent aberrant splicing of exon 1 HTT results in a short polyadenylated mRNA that is translated into an exon 1 HTT protein. Given that mutant exon 1 HTT proteins have consistently been shown to be highly pathogenic in HD mouse models, the aberrant splicing of HTT mRNA provides a mechanistic basis for the molecular pathogenesis of HD. RNA-targeted therapeutic strategies designed to lower the levels of HTT are under development. Many of these approaches would not prevent the production of exon 1 HTT and should be reviewed in light of our findings.
New Techniques for Disambiguation in Natural Language and Their Application to Biological Text

We study the problems of disambiguation in natural language, focusing on the problem of gene vs. protein name disambiguation in biological text and also considering the problem of context-sensitive spelling error correction. We introduce a new family of classifiers based on ordering and weighting the feature vectors obtained from word counts and word co-occurrence in the text, and inspect several concrete classifiers from this family. We obtain the most accurate prediction when weighting by positions of the words in the context. On the gene/protein name disambiguation problem, this classifier outperforms both the Naive Bayes and SNoW baseline classifiers. We also study the effect of the smoothing techniques with the Naive Bayes classifier, the collocation features, and the context length on the classification accuracy and show that correct setting of the context length is important and also problem-dependent.
Label‐free identification of the microstructure of rat spinal cords based on nonlinear optical microscopy

The spinal cord is a vital link between the brain and the body and mainly comprises neurons, glial cells and nerve fibres. In this work, nonlinear optical (NLO) microscopy based on intrinsic tissue properties was employed to label‐freely analyze the cells and matrix in spinal cords at a molecular level. The high‐resolution and high‐contrast NLO images of unstained spinal cords demonstrate that NLO microscopy has the ability to show the microstructure of white and grey matter including ventral horn, intermediate area, dorsal horns, ventral column, lateral column and dorsal column. Neurons with various sizes were identified in grey matter by dark spots of nonfluorescent nuclei encircled by cytoplasm‐emitting two‐photon excited fluorescence signals. Nerve fibres and neuroglias were observed in white matter. Besides, the spinal arteries were clearly presented by NLO microscopy. Using spectral and morphological information, this technique was proved to be an effective tool for label‐freely imaging spinal cord tissues, based on endogenous signals in biological tissue. With future development, we foresee promising applications of the NLO technique for in vivo, real‐time assessment of spinal cord diseases or injures.
Ion permeation and block of M-type and delayed rectifier potassium channels. Whole-cell recordings from bullfrog sympathetic neurons

Ion permeation and conduction were studied using whole-cell recordings of the M-current (I(M)) and delayed rectifier (IDR), two K+ currents that differ greatly in kinetics and modulation. Currents were recorded from isolated bullfrog sympathetic neurons with 88 mM [K+]i and various external cations. Selectivity for extracellular monovalent cations was assessed from permeability ratios calculated from reversal potentials and from chord conductances for inward current. PRb/PK was near 1.0 for both channels, and GRb/GK was 0.87 +/- 0.01 for IDR but only 0.35 +/- 0.01 for I(M) (15 mM [Rb+]o or [K+]o). The permeability sequences were generally similar for I(M) and IDR: K+ approximately Rb+ > NH4+ > Cs+, with no measurable permeability to Li+ or CH3NH3+. However, Na+ carried detectable inward current for IDR but not I(M). Nao+ also blocked inward K+ current for IDR (but not IM), at an apparent electrical distance (delta) approximately 0.4, with extrapolated dissociation constant (KD) approximately 1 M at 0 mV. Much of the instantaneous rectification of IDR in physiologic ionic conditions resulted from block by Nao+. Extracellular Cs+ carried detectable inward current for both channel types, and blocked I(M) with higher affinity (KD = 97 mM at 0 mV for I(M), KD) approximately 0.2 M at 0 mV for IDR), with delta approximately 0.9 for both. IDR showed several characteristics reflecting a multi-ion pore, including a small anomalous mole fraction effect for PRb/PK, concentration-dependent GRb/GK, and concentration- dependent apparent KD's and delta's for block by Nao+ and Cso+. I(M) showed no clear evidence of multi-ion pore behavior. For I(M), a two- barrier one-site model could describe permeation of K+ and Rb+ and block by Cso+, whereas for IDR even a three-barrier, two-site model was not fully adequate.
Discovering Sequence-Structure Motifs from Protein Segments and Two Applications

We present a novel method for clustering short protein segments having strong sequence-structure correlations, and demonstrate that these clusters contain useful structural information via two applications. When applied to local tertiary structure prediction, we achieve approximately 60% accuracy with a novel dynamic programming algorithm. When applied to secondary structure prediction based on Support Vector Machines, we obtain a approximately 2% gain in Q3 performance by incorporating cluster-derived data into training and classification. These encouraging results illustrate the great potential of using conserved local motifs to tackle protein structure predictions and possibly other important problems in biology.