Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ongoing EEG Phase as a Trial-by-Trial Predictor of Perceptual and Attentional Variability

Even in well-controlled laboratory environments, apparently identical repetitions of an experimental trial can give rise to highly variable perceptual outcomes and behavioral responses. This variability is generally discarded as a reflection of intrinsic noise in neuronal systems. However, part of this variability may be accounted for by trial-by-trial fluctuations of the phase of ongoing oscillations at the moment of stimulus presentation. For example, the phase of an electro-encephalogram (EEG) oscillation reflecting the rapid waxing and waning of sustained attention can predict the perception of a subsequent visual stimulus at threshold. Similar ongoing periodicities account for a portion of the trial-by-trial variability of visual reaction times. We review the available experimental evidence linking ongoing EEG phase to perceptual and attentional variability, and the corresponding methodology. We propose future tests of this relation, and discuss the theoretical implications for understanding the neuronal dynamics of sensory perception.
Complete Genome Sequence of an Avian Paramyxovirus Representative of Putative New Serotype 13

ABSTRACT Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a virus of a putative new serotype of avian paramyxovirus (APMV). The virus was isolated from a white-fronted goose in Ukraine in 2011 and designated white-fronted goose/Ukraine/Askania-Nova/48-15-02/2011. The genomic characterization of the isolate suggests that it represents the novel avian paramyxovirus group APMV 13.
Responsiveness to Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Stimulation During Maximal Coronary Dilation Produced by Adenosine

This study examined effects of adrenergic constrictor stimuli on total and transmural myocardial blood flow during maximal coronary dilation produced by adenosine. Our goal was to determine (1) if coronary vessels maximally dilated with adenosine respond to constrictor stimuli and (2) if the constrictor effect is uniform transmurally. In anesthetized dogs, the circumflex coronary artery was perfused at constant pressure. Total circumflex flow was measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter; transmural flow was measured with 9-μm radiolabeled spheres injected into the perfusion tubing. Propranolol (2 mg/kg, iv) was administered to block myocardial and coronary β- receptors. Coronary responses to cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation (CSNS) at 10 Hz and intracoronary administration of angiotensin (0.125 and 0.50 μg/min), phenylephrine (0.50 and 2.00 μg/min), norepinephrine (0.25 and 1.0 μg/min) and tyramine (200 μg/min) were obtained during intracoronary infusion of adenosine (4.7 μm/min). This dose of adenosine abolished reactive hyperemia; moreover, a higher dose of adenosine did not produce further increases in flow. Control flow during adenosine averaged 382 ± 50 (SE) for endocardium and 524 ± 44 ml/min per 100 g for epicardium. During adenosine, CSNS at 10 Hz decreased epicardial flow to 308 ± 44 ml/min per 100 g; P < 0.05), but did not decrease endocardial flow (378 ± 58 ml/min per 100 g; NS). In contrast, angiotensin, phenylephrine, norepinephrine, and tyramine produced significant decreases (P < 0.05) in both endocardial and epicardial flows. The results indicate: (1) that coronary arteries maximally dilated with adenosine are responsive to constrictor effects of adrenergic and nonadrenergic stimuli, and (2) that during adenosine treatment, the administration of angiotensin, phenylephrine, norepinephrine, and tyramine decreases both endocardial and epicardial flow, but sympathetic nerve stimulation decreases epicardial flow without significant decreases in endocardial flow. This nonuniform influence of nerve stimulation on transmural myocardial flow does not appear to relate to mechanical or metabolic factors or to characteristics of coronary adrenergic receptors.
Analyzing deep features for trademark retrieval

The rapid rise in the amount of trademark applications and trademark infringements has led the trademark retrieval (TR) to become an important and formidable task to solve. Existing studies based on hand-crafted features show unsatisfying performance. Taking the popularization and increasing success of the deep learning methods into consideration, in this work, many well-known Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models are applied to the TR problem. Models are tested using a large scale trademark dataset in contrast with the previously proposed solutions, and their failure points are discussed in this study. For the problems that can be encountered, solutions such as fine-tuning, distance metric learning, using CNN features locally, and making them invariant to aspect ratio of the trademark are suggested.
Sensory Experience Alters Specific Branches of Individual Corticocortical Axons during Development

Sensory experience can, over the course of days to weeks, produce long-lasting changes in brain function. Recent studies suggest that functional plasticity is mediated by alterations of the strengths of existing synapses or dynamics of dendritic spines. Alterations of cortical axons could also contribute to functional changes, but little is known about the effects of experience at the level of individual corticocortical axons. We reconstructed individual layer (L) 2/3 pyramidal neurons filled in vivo in developing barrel cortex of control and partially sensory-deprived rats. L2 axons had larger field spans than L3 axons but were otherwise equivalently affected by deprivation. Whisker trimming over ∼2 weeks markedly reduced overall length of axonal branches in L2/3, but individual horizontal axons were as likely to innervate deprived areas as spared ones. The largest effect of deprivation was instead to reduce the length of those axonal branches in L2/3 oriented toward deprived regions. Thus, the location of a branch relative to its originating soma, rather than its own location within any specific cortical column, was the strongest determinant of axonal organization. Individual axons from L2/3 into L5/6 were similarly altered by whisker trimming although to a lesser extent. Thus, sensory experience over relatively short timescales may change the patterning of specific axonal branches within as well as between cortical columns during development.
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology a Comparison of Memetic & Tabu Search for the Cryptanalysis of Simplified Data Encryption Standard Algorithm

Memetic algorithm(MA) is a population based heuristic search approach for optimization problems similar to genetic algorithm. GAs, however, rely on the concept of biological evolution, but MAs, in contrast, and mimic cultural evolution. The cryptanalysis of simplified data encryption standard can be formulated as NP-Hard combinatorial problem. In this paper, a comparison between memetic algorithm and tabu search were made in order to investigate the performance for the cryptanalysis on simplified data encryption standard problems (SDES). The methods were tested and various experimental results indicates that the proposed memetic algorithm is able to produce high quality solutions quickly and it also demonstrate that memetic algorithm performs better than the genetic algorithm for such type of NP-Hard combinatorial problem.
Using circulating cell-free DNA to monitor personalized cancer therapy

Abstract High-quality genomic analysis is critical for personalized pharmacotherapy in patients with cancer. Tumor-specific genomic alterations can be identified in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from patient blood samples and can complement biopsies for real-time molecular monitoring of treatment, detection of recurrence, and tracking resistance. cfDNA can be especially useful when tumor tissue is unavailable or insufficient for testing. For blood-based genomic profiling, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) have been successfully applied. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved the first such “liquid biopsy” test for EGFR mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Such non-invasive methods allow for the identification of specific resistance mutations selected by treatment, such as EGFR T790M, in patients with NSCLC treated with gefitinib. Chromosomal aberration pattern analysis by low coverage whole genome sequencing is a more universal approach based on genomic instability. Gains and losses of chromosomal regions have been detected in plasma tumor-specific cfDNA as copy number aberrations and can be used to compute a genomic copy number instability (CNI) score of cfDNA. A specific CNI index obtained by massive parallel sequencing discriminated those patients with prostate cancer from both healthy controls and men with benign prostatic disease. Furthermore, androgen receptor gene aberrations in cfDNA were associated with therapeutic resistance in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. Change in CNI score has been shown to serve as an early predictor of response to standard chemotherapy for various other cancer types (e.g. NSCLC, colorectal cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas). CNI scores have also been shown to predict therapeutic responses to immunotherapy. Serial genomic profiling can detect resistance mutations up to 16 weeks before radiographic progression. There is a potential for cost savings when ineffective use of expensive new anticancer drugs is avoided or halted. Challenges for routine implementation of liquid biopsy tests include the necessity of specialized personnel, instrumentation, and software, as well as further development of quality management (e.g. external quality control). Validation of blood-based tumor genomic profiling in additional multicenter outcome studies is necessary; however, cfDNA monitoring can provide clinically important actionable information for precision oncology approaches.
Human herpesvirus 7

Human herpesvirus 7, reported in 1990 is a lymphotropic member of the betaherpesvirus subfamily of herpesviruses. The virus is highly seroprevalent, primary infection usually occurs during childhood, and it has been associated with cases of exanthem subitum, pityriasis rosea, neurological manifestations and transplant complications. The latter two may warrant antiviral intervention, in vitro studies have shown that HHV‐7 is susceptible to several nucleoside phosphonate compounds. In vitro, the virus has approximately a 5 day growth cycle in cultured lymphocytes; in vivo, latency is established in peripheral blood T‐cells and a persistent infection is established in salivary gland tissue from which infectious virus is constitutively shed in saliva. The HHV‐7 genome is approximately 145 kb and encodes at least 84 different proteins. Studies characterising HHV‐7 gene products and the required interactions between viral and cellular genes necessary for virus replication, persistence and latency are in their infancy. HHV‐7 infection has a variety of effects on host cells including upregulation of interleukin 15 and down‐modulation of the cell surface molecule CD4; the latter serves as the cellular membrane receptor for HHV‐7. Since HIV also infects T‐cells via the CD4 molecule, the interactions of these viruses within T‐cells during the course of AIDS are important areas of investigation.
Bactericidal activity in vitro of various rifamycins against Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MICs and MBCs) of rifampin (RMP), rifabutin (RBT), rifapentine (RPT), CGP-7040, and P-DEA, were determined for 50 M. avium strains in 7H12 liquid medium radiometrically under various pH conditions. Half were isolated from patients with AIDS and the other half from patients without AIDS but with pulmonary disease. The MICs and MBCs were also determined in 7H12 broth for M. tuberculosis strains. The MIC results obtained with M. tuberculosis strains, and the serum peak levels in humans, were used as standards for interpretation of the MICs and MBCs of the rifamycins for M. avium. The bactericidal activity of all rifamycins for M. avium was substantially lower than for M. tuberculosis. The majority of M. avium strains was within the "susceptible" category, e.g., comparable to susceptible M. tuberculosis strains, when tested with CGP-7040 and RPT, and all of them were "moderately susceptible" when tested with P-DEA. On the basis of in vitro bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity, it seems that three agents, RPT, P-DEA, and CGP-7040 have more potential than do RMP and RBT against M. avium disease.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi ZnO:Zr Melalui Metode Sol-Gel dengan Variasi Pelarut serta Uji Kinerjanya untuk Dye Sensitized Solar Cell

Abstrak . Nanopartikel ZnO:Zr untuk semikonduktor DSSC telah disintesis melalui metode sol-gel dengan prekursor berupa Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O dan ZrOCl2.8H2O. Doping Zr pada ZnO adalah sebesar 1%. Sintesis tersebut menggunakan pelarut berbeda, yaitu H2O, metanol, etanol dan isopropanol. Selanjutnya dilakukan studi terhadap struktur kristal berdasarkan karakterisasi menggunakan x-ray diffaction (XRD), energi celah pita (Eg) berdasarkan karakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Visibel dengan metode absorption spektrum fitting (ASF) dan morfologi ZnO:Zr dengan scanning electron microscopy (SEM) serta uji kinerja DSSC yang menggunakan ZnO:Zr hasil sintesis sebagai semikonduktor berdasarkan nilai tegangan yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan analisis dengan XRD, difraktogram yang diperoleh sesuai dengan difraktogam standar ZnO heksagonal dengan pergeseran nilai 2θ menjadi lebih kecil sehingga nilai parameter kisi kristal heksagonal (a, c, dan L) material lebih besar dari parameter kisi kristal standar ZnO. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan terjadinya penyisipan Zr4+ yang jari-jari ioniknya lebih besar dari Zn2+ sehingga jarak antar atom dalam kisi kristal semakin besar tanpa mengubah struktur heksagonal ZnO. Nilai rata-rata parameter kisi kristal ZnO:Zr heksagonal yang berupa a, c dan L berturut-urut adalah 3,30 A, 5,19 A dan 10,04 A. Berdasarkan data dari karakterisasi dengan spektrofotometer UV-Visibel yang diolah dengan metode ASF diketahui Eg ZnO:Zr yang dihasilkan dari penggunaan pelarut H2O, metanol, etanol dan isopropanol berturut-urut adalah 3,267 eV, 3,162 eV, 3,100 eV dan 3,176 eV. Eg tersebut mengkonfirmasi terjadinya penyisipan Zr4+ dalam kisi kristal karena nilainya lebih kecil dari Eg ZnO tanpa doping (3,34 eV). Citra SEM ZnO:Zr hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pelarut yang semakin tidak polar menghasilkan partikel dengan ukuran yang lebih kecil. Adapun urutan kinerja DSSC dari yang terbaik berdasarkan nilai tegangannya adalah DSSC yang menggunakan ZnO:Zr hasil sintesis dengan pelarut etanol (44,96 mV), air (42,41 mV), metanol (42,05 mV) dan isopropanol (35,89 mV).
A compact 10 dB E-Plane waveguide directional coupler with full bandwidth

In this paper, a compact 10 dB E-Plane waveguide directional coupler with full bandwidth is presented. This construction covers the frequency from 6.5 to 10 GHz. Its coupling value is 10±1 dB, and the isolation is greater than 43 dB, which means that the directivity is in excess of 30 dB.
Evaluation of a software requirements document by analysis of change data

We describe in this paper an effective data collection method for evaluating software development methodologies, from definition of the objectives of the data collection to analysis of the results. We show how the data analysis can answer questions with respect to how successfully the goals of the development methodology are met. The A-7 requirements document is used as an example. We provide the results of data analyses conducted partway through the A-7 flight software development cycle, and discuss the utility of information obtained by such partial analyses. Results from the study show that data collection is feasible and useful when performed as part of configuration control, that data distributions based on partial data provide useful feedback to the developers, and that the A-7 Requirements Document is easily maintained and changed.
Incremental Bitline Voltage Sensing Scheme With Half-Adaptive Threshold Reference Scheme in MLC PRAM

Research on phase-change random access memory (PRAM) for multilevel cells (MLCs) has been actively conducted owing to the advantages of PRAM cells, such as large resistance margin and fast read/write access time. However, the resistance drift (R-drift), which increases the resistance of the PRAM cells with time, should be overcome to achieve MLC PRAM operation. In this paper, we introduce sensing methods with R-drift tolerance, namely, drift-resilient cell-state metric and incremental bitline voltage (IBV), and compare these sensing methods in terms of the sensing margin and read access time. In addition, we propose a sensing scheme for IBV (IBVSS) with a half-adaptive threshold reference scheme (H-ATRS) to achieve high-R-drift tolerance in severe R-drift conditions with a small layout area for the reference cell. Verification of the IBVSS with H-ATRS is performed by HSPICE simulation using the 0.25- $\mu \text{m}$ model parameters used in the peripheral circuit of Samsung’s 20-nm PRAM technology. From the simulation, we find that the IBVSS with H-ATRS achieves more than 1 V of sensing margin under severe R-drift conditions, which ensures stable read operation in the MLC PRAM with 304 ns of sensing time.
Realization of an artificial pheromone system in random data carriers using RFID tags for autonomous navigation

Navigation systems based on animal behavior have attracted considerable attention in the past few years. Navigation systems using artificial pheromones have not been extensively developed. Therefore, this paper presents a model for realizing an artificial pheromone system by using data carriers and autonomous robots. By introducing an artificial pheromone system composed of data carriers and autonomous robots, a robotics system creates a potential field for navigation. First, we develop pheromone density in a discrete nominal model. Then, we extend the model to deal with a random layout that is suitable for real conditions of data carriers. For demonstration of the effectiveness of our proposed model, computer simulations and hardware implementations are performed. The artificial pheromone potential field constructed using our proposed model can be used for the navigation of autonomous robots.
Physiological and structural properties of saponin-skinned single smooth muscle cells

The study of the fundamental events underlying the generation and regulation of force in smooth muscle would be greatly facilitated if the permeability of the cell membrane were increased so that the intracellular environment of the contractile apparatus could be manipulated experimentally. To initiate such an analysis, we developed a saponin permeabilization procedure that was used to "skin" isolated smooth muscle cells from the stomach of the toad, Bufo marinus. Suspensions of single cells isolated enzymatically were resuspended in high-K+ rigor solution (0 ATP, 5 mM EGTA) and exposed for 5 min to 25 micrograms/ml saponin. Virtually all the cells in a suspension were made permeable by this procedure and shortened to less than one-third their initial length when ATP and Ca++ were added; they re-extended when free Ca++ was removed. Analysis of the protein content of the skinned cells revealed that, although their total protein was reduced by approximately 30%, they retained most of their myosin and actin. Skinning was accompanied by a rearrangement of actin and myosin filaments within the cells such that a fine fibrillar structure became visible under the light microscope and a tight clustering of acting filaments around myosin filaments was revealed by the electron microscope. Face-on views of saponin-treated cell membranes revealed the presence of 70-80-A-wide pits or holes. The shortening rate of skinned cells was sensitive to [Ca++] between pCa 7 and pCa 5 and was half-maximal at approximately pCa 6.2. Shortening was also dependent on [ATP] but could be increased at low [ATP] by pretreatment with adenosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATP gamma S), which suggests that myosin phosphorylation was more sensitive to low substrate concentrations than was cross-bridge cycling. To determine whether a significant limitation to free diffusion existed in the skinned cells, a computer model of the cell and the unstirred layer surrounding it was developed. Simulations revealed that the membrane, even in skinned cells, could, for short time intervals, significantly inhibit the movement of substances into and out of cells.
Synergic effect of CNT and mechanical loading for acceleration of cell differentiation

Abstract Herein, we investigate the synergic effect of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in conjunction with mechanical load applied in early stage of cell cultivation to accelerate differentiation in bone cells. To improve their biofunctionality, CNT were functionalized with carboxyl groups and RGD peptide. The effect of CNT functionalization on cell proliferation and formation of cell aggregates with hastened production of calcium deposits was studied with and MG63 cell lines in static and dynamic conditions. Combination of CNT with mechanical load promoted significantly higher osteogenic marker expression and formation of calcium deposits in comparison to the control, particularly in case of MSC. Graphical Abstract
The Effects of Home–School Dissonance on Individual and School Outcomes for Māori and European New Zealand Adolescents

Researchers have speculated that children and adolescents who experience an incongruity between the cultures of home and school (termed “home-school dissonance” or HSD) perform more poorly in the school setting and evidence poorer adjustment in general. A sample of 476 Māori and 1,024 European New Zealand (ENZ) adolescents, aged 11-16 years at Time 1, completed self-report measures of home-school dissonance, family connectedness, school connectedness, aspirations, positive relations with teacher, self-reported schoolwork quality, and other related measures three times separated by one year each. As predicted, Māori youth reported higher levels of HSD compared to ENZ youth. In addition, latent growth curve modelling showed that an increase in home-school dissonance over three years positively predicted negative outcomes and negatively predicted positive outcomes. We concluded that Māori youth experience a disconnection between the contexts of home and school, and this dissonance is associated with a range of poor psychological and educational outcomes.
Sliding Mode Observer and Control-Based Approach for Longitudinal Fault-tolerant Control Algorithm of Autonomous Vehicles

본 연구는 슬라이딩 모드 관측 및 제어 기반 자율주행 자동차의 종방향 고장 허용 제어 알고리즘에 관한 것이다. 종방향 가속도 센서의 고장 탐지를 위해 슬라이딩 모드 관측기를 이용하여 상대가속도를 재건한다. 재건된 상대가속도 기반 가속도 확률분포를 이용하여 종방향 가속도의 확률적 고장탐지를 수행한다. 고장 탐지 시 재건된 가속도를 이용하여 가상 가속도를 도출하고, 가상 가속도를 허용 제어를 위해 하위 제어기의 가속도 입력으로 사용한다. 상위 제어기의 슬라이딩 모드 제어기는 선행차량 가속도, 가상 가속도, 하위 제어기 제어성능 불확실성에 대해 강건한 요구 가속도를 도출한다. 성능평가를 위해 속도 구간 별 실 주행 데이터와 3차원 차량 동역학 모델을 이용하여 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 고장 허용 제어 알고리즘은 향후 자율주행 종방향 고장안전을 위해 적용될 것으로 예상한다.