Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interstitial and Plasma Adenosine Stimulate Nitric Oxide and Prostacyclin Formation in Human Skeletal Muscle

One major unresolved issue in muscle blood flow regulation is that of the role of circulating versus interstitial vasodilatory compounds. The present study determined adenosine-induced formation of NO and prostacyclin in the human muscle interstitium versus in femoral venous plasma to elucidate the interaction and importance of these vasodilators in the 2 compartments. To this end, we performed experiments on humans using microdialysis technique in skeletal muscle tissue, as well as the femoral vein, combined with experiments on cultures of microvascular endothelial versus skeletal muscle cells. In young healthy humans, microdialysate was collected at rest, during arterial infusion of adenosine, and during interstitial infusion of adenosine through microdialysis probes inserted into musculus vastus lateralis. Muscle interstitial NO and prostacyclin increased with arterial and interstitial infusion of adenosine. The addition of adenosine to skeletal muscle cells increased NO formation (fluorochrome 4-amino-5-methylamino-2′,7-difluorescein fluorescence), whereas prostacyclin levels remained unchanged. The addition of adenosine to microvascular endothelial cells induced an increase in NO and prostacyclin levels. These findings provide novel insight into the role of adenosine in skeletal muscle blood flow regulation and vascular function by revealing that both interstitial and plasma adenosine have a stimulatory effect on NO and prostacyclin formation. In addition, both skeletal muscle and microvascular endothelial cells are potential mediators of adenosine-induced formation of NO in vivo, whereas only endothelial cells appear to play a role in adenosine-induced formation of prostacyclin.
CALCIUM SIGNALING PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AT EXCITATORY SYNAPSES ON PARVALBUMIN POSITIVE FAST-SPIKING GABAERGIC NEURONS IN THE MOUSE VISUAL CORTEX

Received: 27/Dec/2008, Accepted: 8/Mar/2009 Objective: Recently, we reported the presence of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR-5) dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) at excitatory synapses on fast-spiking GABAergic (FS-GABA) cells in the visual cortex. In this study, we report a Ca2+ signaling pathway involved in this LTP type. Materials and Methods: Brain slices from GAD67-GFP knock-in mice were used. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recording followed by immunohistochemical staining on parvalbumin-positive (PV+) FS-GABA cells, we studied the Ca2+ signaling pathway involved in excitatory LTP of certain visual cortical interneuron subtypes. Results: U-73122a phospolipas c (PLC) inhibitor (10 μM), inositol triphosphate (IP3) inhibitors such as 2-APB (3 μM) and heparin (10 IU/ml), and CPAthe internally stored Ca2+ release inhibitor(5 μM) blocked the mGluR5 signaling pathway to induce LTP at excitatory synapses on PV+ fast-spiking cells in the visual cortex. However, application of the vehicles alone had no effect. Conclusion: Our results indicate that mGluR-5 at FS-GABA neurons activate PLC and IP3 production. This leads to Ca2+ release, promotes LTP induction, and its maintenance is supported by internal Ca2+ stores. Considering the key role of PV+ FS inhibitory neurons in the visual cortex circuits, we suggest that the metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent LTP of excitatory synapses to FS cells plays a crucial role in the visual cortex plasticity.
An Image Binarization Algorithm Using Watershed-Based Local Thresholding

: - The purpose of this paper is to describe a localized Otsu based binarization algorithm that improves results on non uniform background images. The algorithm divides the image into irregular areas with similar characteristics, which are processed individually and afterwards integrated into the global result. Using this algorithm, the advantages of the classic Otsu algorithm are retained whilst some of the drawbacks associated with the traditional global approach are eliminated.
A new efficient and fast adaptive filtering structure based on wavelet packet transform

Signal processing has benefited a great deal from the wavelet transforms. The basic idea underlying the proposed method is to decomposes the spectral content of the signal under analysis into uniform frequency sub-bands, according to the desired frequency resolution, and then, to treat them individually in order to applying several adaptive algorithms for corresponding packets, simultaneously. Afterwards, unlike the other usual sub-band filtering algorithms, adaptive algorithms are applied independently to each pair of input and corresponding desired packets. Simulation Results verify the good performance of the new algorithm in terms of convergence speed and steady state error.
Real vs. acted emotional speech: comparing South-asian and Caucasian speakers and observers

Both acted and real emotional audiovisual speech was collected from 50 Caucasian speakers (from The Netherlands) and 45 South-Asian speakers (from Pakistan), using a novel adaptation of the Velten technique, in which some participants are asked to act as if they are in some emotional state, while these emotions are really induced in other participants. Generally, the acted conditions did not lead to systematic non-neutral emotions, while the non-acted conditions lead to the intended emotions being induced in both the Dutch and the Pakistani speakers (where the latter seemed to feel the emotions more strongly). Next we performed a series of perception experiments, in which Dutch and Pakistani observers were asked to judge the emotional state of Dutch and Pakistani speakers. It was found that acted emotions of speakers from both cultures were perceived as stronger than their non-acted counterparts by both Dutch and Pakistani observers. Interestingly, for Dutch speakers the negative emotions were perceived as relatively strong, whereas for the Pakistani speakers the positive emotions stood out perceptually. 1
Object class recognition with supervised nonlinear neighborhood embedding of visual words

This paper develops a supervised nonlinear subspace of bag-of-features for category classification. Bag-of-features represents an image as an orderless distribution of features, which selects the visual words by clustering and uses the similarity with each visual word as the features for classification. In this paper, we propose to model the ensemble of visual words with a supervised nonlinear neighborhood embedding method to a more discriminative space for category classification. The supervised nonlinear neighborhood embedding(SNNE) is used to model visual words and extract the discrimitive information specialized for each category. The projection length in subspace is used as features for classification. The SNNE subspace method can model the nonlinear variations induced by various kinds of visual words and extract more discriminative feature for object recognition. The proposed method is evaluated using the Cal-tech and GRAZ01 database. We confirm that the proposed method is comparable with state-of-the-art methods without absolute position information.
EFFECT OF NODE MOBILITY AND HANDOFF ON THE PERFORMANCE OF TCP VARIANTS IN MOBILE CELLULAR ENVIRONMENT

TCP is the most common and important transport layer protocol and its performance in the wireless environments is characterized by two path characteristics not normally present in wired environments: packet losses due to corruption and mobility. In this research, we have used the perfect cellular model to model the wireless packet losses due to mobility and handoff in order to get the real performance of TCP. In this paper, we have investigated the behavior of TCP Tahoe, Reno, New Reno, Sack and Vegas in a Cellular Mobile network and tried to find out the impact mobility and handoff of mobile node on the behavior of these TCP variants and which TCP variant has the best performance among all the TCP variants considered in this research.
Design the Middleware of Intelligent Monitoring System for Vehicles

This paper presents an intelligent monitoring system for the economical driving of vehicles. It is about the design and implementation of a framework to provide intelligent monitoring services for vehicles based on cloud and 4G LTE technologies. A large amount of data, such as the information of driving, the status of vehicles, moving and still images collected by LTE devices in the vehicles, is stored and managed by the proposed monitoring framework for vehicles in a distributed cloud environment. An API with effective indexing and analyzing functions based on MapReduce are provided. The proposed system can be used to quickly design and implement an application system based on a user’s needs.
A comparison of rule-based and positionally constant arrangements of computer menu items

An experiment was conducted to evaluate user performance under four different menu item arrangements: alphabetic, probability of selection (most popular choices are positioned near the beginning of the list), random, and positionally constant (consistent assignment of individual items to screen positions). During the initial stages of practice, the rule-based approaches produced faster mean search times, but after moderate amounts of practice, the positionally constant arrangement appeared to be most efficient. People seem to remember quite easily the location of items on a display, indicating that positional constancy can be an important factor in increasing the efficiency of the search of computer menus and other displays.
Fabrication of Poly(ε-caprolactone) Scaffolds Reinforced with Cellulose Nanofibers, with and without the Addition of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles

Biomaterial properties and controlled architecture of scaffolds are essential features to provide an adequate biological and mechanical support for tissue regeneration, mimicking the ingrowth tissues. In this study, a bioextrusion system was used to produce 3D biodegradable scaffolds with controlled architecture, comprising three types of constructs: (i) poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix as reference; (ii) PCL-based matrix reinforced with cellulose nanofibers (CNF); and (iii) PCL-based matrix reinforced with CNF and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANP). The effect of the addition and/or combination of CNF and HANP into the polymeric matrix of PCL was investigated, with the effects of the biomaterial composition on the constructs (morphological, thermal, and mechanical performances) being analysed. Scaffolds were produced using a single lay-down pattern of 0/90°, with the same processing parameters among all constructs being assured. The performed morphological analyses showed a satisfactory distribution of CNF within the polymer matrix and high reliability was obtained among the produced scaffolds. Significant effects on surface wettability and thermal properties were observed, among scaffolds. Regarding the mechanical properties, higher scaffold stiffness in the reinforced scaffolds was obtained. Results from the cytotoxicity assay suggest that all the composite scaffolds presented good biocompatibility. The results of this first study on cellulose and hydroxyapatite reinforced constructs with controlled architecture clearly demonstrate the potential of these 3D composite constructs for cell cultivation with enhanced mechanical properties.
Effect of somatosensory interactive game on memory disorder of patients with stroke

Objective: To investigate the rehabilitation efficiency of somatosensory interactive game on memory disorder of patients with stroke. Method: Twenty-four stroke patients with memory disorder were recruited from Tangshan Workers' Hospital Rehabilitation Hospital. They were randomly assigned to somatosensory interactive game intervention group and conventional rehabilitation control group. Both groups accepted the conventional physical therapy and occupational therapy. Somatosensory interactive game intervention group received somatosensory interactive game training additionaly, once a day, each time 30min, three times a week for 4 weeks. The two groups received Rivermead behavioral memory test-second edition (RBMT-Ⅱ ) before and after intervention, respectively. Result: After 4-week intervention, somatosensory interactive game intervention group showed significant improvement (P0.01 or P0.05) in memory abilities compared to control group: recall full name, recall appointment, recognize pictures, immediately and delayedly recall story, recognize faces, immediately recall the route and the letter, orientation and the total standard score. Conclusion: Somatosensory interactive game could improve behavioral memory abilities of patients with stroke and would be used widely in clinic.
Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Cc by a Review on Personalized Approach for Solving Recommendation System Problems Combining User Interest and Social Circle

Rapid growth of information generated by online social networks leads to increase in demand of effective recommender systems to give accurate results. Traditional techniques become unqualified because they do not consider data of social relation in the social network for giving recommendation; existing social recommendation techniques consider social network structure, but social perspective has not been fully measured by these techniques. It its noteworthy and challenging to fuse social contextual factors which are derived from users' motivation of social activities into social recommendation. With the introduction and popularity of social network, ever more users like to share their real life experiences, such as blogs, ratings and reviews. New latest aspects of social networking like interpersonal influence and interest based on circles of friends carry opportunities and challenges for recommender system (RS) to resolve the cold start and sparsity problem of datasets. Several of the social factors have been used in Recommendation Systems; but still they have not been completely measured. This paper gives review on, various recommendation techniques and main three social aspects, User personal interest, interpersonal interest similarity, as well as interpersonal influence, and how these factors are fuse into a combined personalized recommendation model to give the recommendations to the user.
A Contrast-Sensitive Reversible Visible Image Watermarking Technique

A reversible (also called lossless, distortion-free, or invertible) visible watermarking scheme is proposed to satisfy the applications, in which the visible watermark is expected to combat copyright piracy but can be removed to losslessly recover the original image. We transparently reveal the watermark image by overlapping it on a user-specified region of the host image through adaptively adjusting the pixel values beneath the watermark, depending on the human visual system-based scaling factors. In order to achieve reversibility, a reconstruction/recovery packet, which is utilized to restore the watermarked area, is reversibly inserted into non-visibly-watermarked region. The packet is established according to the difference image between the original image and its approximate version instead of its visibly watermarked version so as to alleviate its overhead. For the generation of the approximation, we develop a simple prediction technique that makes use of the unaltered neighboring pixels as auxiliary information. The recovery packet is uniquely encoded before hiding so that the original watermark pattern can be reconstructed based on the encoded packet. In this way, the image recovery process is carried out without needing the availability of the watermark. In addition, our method adopts data compression for further reduction in the recovery packet size and improvement in embedding capacity. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme compared to the existing methods.
Coarse Lexical Semantic Annotation with Supersenses: An Arabic Case Study

"Lightweight" semantic annotation of text calls for a simple representation, ideally without requiring a semantic lexicon to achieve good coverage in the language and domain. In this paper, we repurpose WordNet's supersense tags for annotation, developing specific guidelines for nominal expressions and applying them to Arabic Wikipedia articles in four topical domains. The resulting corpus has high coverage and was completed quickly with reasonable inter-annotator agreement.
Hypothesis Brain Chip

There is no doubt of the essential role of discrete neuronal networks in brain function. Nevertheless, models of brain function based on neuronal networks alone fail to answer the various fundamental questions of how the brain works, such as, “What is the neuronal substrate of consciousness? “, or “Why do anesthetic effects diminish at higher atmospheric pressure? ”, or “How can purely endogenous processes be initiated? ” These are but a few examples of as yet unsatisfactorily addressed questions. In spite of concerted effort by preeminent neuroscientists, no single complete theory of brain function explaining these phenomenologies has been offered. This void strongly suggests that there is a missing link in the current fundamental concept of how the brain works. This apparent impasse in neuroscience has recently been surmounted by the Vortex Theory, which effectively links all important phenomenologies into a single fundamental concept of the brain’s functional organization (1). The theory is firmly based on biological and anatomical reality, essential considerations for any biological hypothesis. This manuscript is an introduction to the fundamental architectural unit of the association cortex in the Vortex
What Computers Should Know, Shouldn't Know, and Shouldn't Believe

Automatically constructed knowledge bases (KB's) are a powerful asset for search, analytics, recommendations and data integration, with intensive use at big industrial stake-holders. Examples are the knowledge graphs for search engines (e.g., Google, Bing, Baidu) and social networks (e.g., Facebook), as well as domain-specific KB's (e.g., Bloomberg, Walmart). These achievements are rooted in academic research and community projects. The largest general-purpose KB's with publicly accessible contents are BabelNet, DBpedia, Wikidata, and Yago. They contain millions of entities, organized in hundreds to hundred thousands of semantic classes, and billions of relational facts on entities. These and other knowledge and data resources are interlinked at the entity level, forming the Web of Linked Open Data.
Fluids Intake and Beverage Consumption Pattern among University Students.

BACKGROUND Insufficient and inappropriate daily fluid intake in a long period may have adverse effect on human's health. Therefore, the present study evaluated the amounts and sources of fluids consumed by university students to determine whether these amounts and sources of fluid were enough and appropriate. METHODS In this descriptive study, 245 (142 females and 103 males) volunteer students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2009 were recruited. Food and fluid intake of subjects were as-sessed by 24-hour recall method of 3 days (two week days and one week- end included). Dietary intake of subjects was analyzed by Nutritionist III software program. The mean total fluid intake (drinking fluid values merged with data on the water content of foods) and the rate of metabolic water were figured out. Comparisons of the results with recommended dietary values were made using student's t-test. Data of dietary intakes for two under-reporter female subjects were not included in the statistical analysis. RESULTS Daily total mean of fluid intake for girls (1598±40ml) and boys (1861±59ml) reflect the sum of beverages (Girls, 818±29ml; boys, 1147±57ml) and food water (Girls, 780±47ml; boys, 714±86m). The most consumed beverage for girls and boys were water (40%) and tea (49%) respectively. Daily mean intake of milk for girls and boys were 106.31±10ml (13%) and 57.30±11ml (5%), respectively. CONCLUSION The mean daily fluid intake of subjects, specially water, and milk was lower than rec-ommended values. Therefore, there is an urgent need for tailored nutrition intervention targeting the young adults to improve their beverage choices.
COMPUTER VISION INTERACTION FOR PEOPLE WITH SEVERE MOVEMENT RESTRICTIONS

In this paper we present the starting point of research in applying humancomputer interaction (HCI) techniques to help people with cerebral palsy to use computers via vision-based interaction. Our work includes the development and improvement of visionbased assistive technology, which was tested in experiments with cerebral palsy users. A brief review of current assistive technologies for severely physically impaired people and an explanation of the developed applications of such technologies are also presented. The final part of the paper describes the experimentation goals, process, and preliminary results. Future work directions are also indicated.
Shape representation and image segmentation using deformable surfaces

A technique for constructing shape representation from images using free-form deformable surfaces is presented. The authors model an object as a closed surface that is deformed subject to attractive fields generated by input data points and features. Features affect the global shape of the surface, while data points control its local shape. This approach is used to segment objects even in cluttered or unstructured environments. The algorithm is general in that it makes few assumptions on the type of features, the nature of the data, and the type of objects. Results for a wide range of applications are presented: reconstruction of smooth isolated objects such as human faces, reconstruction of structured objects such as polyhedra, and segmentation of complex scenes with mutually occluding objects. The algorithm has been successfully tested using data from different sensors including grey-coding range finders and video cameras, using one or several images. <<ETX>>
$L^{p}$ -BOUNDS FOR PSEUDO-DIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS ON COMPACT LIE GROUPS

Given a compact Lie group $G$ , in this paper we establish $L^{p}$ -bounds for pseudo-differential operators in $L^{p}(G)$ . The criteria here are given in terms of the concept of matrix symbols defined on the noncommutative analogue of the phase space $G\times \widehat{G}$ , where $\widehat{G}$ is the unitary dual of $G$ . We obtain two different types of $L^{p}$ bounds: first for finite regularity symbols and second for smooth symbols. The conditions for smooth symbols are formulated using $\mathscr{S}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}}^{m}(G)$ classes which are a suitable extension of the well-known $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF})$ ones on the Euclidean space. The results herein extend classical $L^{p}$ bounds established by C. Fefferman on $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ . While Fefferman’s results have immediate consequences on general manifolds for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}>\max \{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF},1-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}\}$ , our results do not require the condition $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}>1-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$ . Moreover, one of our results also does not require $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}>\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$ . Examples are given for the case of $\text{SU}(2)\cong \mathbb{S}^{3}$ and vector fields/sub-Laplacian operators when operators in the classes $\mathscr{S}_{0,0}^{m}$ and $\mathscr{S}_{\frac{1}{2},0}^{m}$ naturally appear, and where conditions $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}>\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}>1-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$ fail, respectively.