Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Report of the AAPM Task Group No. 105: Issues associated with clinical implementation of Monte Carlo-based photon and electron external beam treatment planning.

The Monte Carlo (MC) method has been shown through many research studies to calculate accurate dose distributions for clinical radiotherapy, particularly in heterogeneous patient tissues where the effects of electron transport cannot be accurately handled with conventional, deterministic dose algorithms. Despite its proven accuracy and the potential for improved dose distributions to influence treatment outcomes, the long calculation times previously associated with MC simulation rendered this method impractical for routine clinical treatment planning. However, the development of faster codes optimized for radiotherapy calculations and improvements in computer processor technology have substantially reduced calculation times to, in some instances, within minutes on a single processor. These advances have motivated several major treatment planning system vendors to embark upon the path of MC techniques. Several commercial vendors have already released or are currently in the process of releasing MC algorithms for photon and/or electron beam treatment planning. Consequently, the accessibility and use of MC treatment planning algorithms may well become widespread in the radiotherapy community. With MC simulation, dose is computed stochastically using first principles; this method is therefore quite different from conventional dose algorithms. Issues such as statistical uncertainties, the use of variance reduction techniques, theability to account for geometric details in the accelerator treatment head simulation, and other features, are all unique components of a MC treatment planning algorithm. Successful implementation by the clinical physicist of such a system will require an understanding of the basic principles of MC techniques. The purpose of this report, while providing education and review on the use of MC simulation in radiotherapy planning, is to set out, for both users and developers, the salient issues associated with clinical implementation and experimental verification of MC dose algorithms. As the MC method is an emerging technology, this report is not meant to be prescriptive. Rather, it is intended as a preliminary report to review the tenets of the MC method and to provide the framework upon which to build a comprehensive program for commissioning and routine quality assurance of MC-based treatment planning systems.
Robotic stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver-limited malignant tumors

Introduction Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is rapidly gaining favor as a new treatment modality for malignant liver tumors. Most of the studies have recruited patients with disseminated disease originating from the liver. This study focuses on disease limited to the liver. Aim To perform a retrospective analysis of all patients with liver tumors treated by robotic stereotactic body radiation therapy in a single center. Material and methods The study included 13 patients with 22 lesions. The inclusion criteria were: patients with 1–4 inoperable liver lesions and absence of any extrahepatic disease. All but 3 patients received 3 fractions delivered by the Cyberknife system of a total of 45 grey (Gy). The other 3 patients received 30 Gy. Results The median follow-up time was 10.8 months (range: 7–16). The median dose was 41.5 Gy (range: 30–45). One lesion regressed (8%). In 5 patients, the disease was locally stabilized (38%), and in 7 other patients progression occurred (54%). Twelve patients (92%) are still alive, and 1 patient (8%) died. In 1 patient a new cancer (leukemia) was diagnosed. Conclusions The SBRT is well tolerated and effective for local control of most liver malignant tumors. It appears that SBRT is best suited for those patients in whom systemic recurrence can be controlled by chemotherapy. Further studies are mandatory to elucidate these effects on tumors of varying histology and to elaborate upon criteria used to select patients who can benefit most from this treatment.
The Language of Research Vignette 2-1 Researchese ?

Still pondering the instructor's comments about research papers, you remain puzzled. In many previous classes, you have been asked to write research papers, and now you are being told you have never written one. You raise your hand. When called upon, you ask, " What do you mean that we have never written a research paper? I know I have written several. " The instructor acknowledges expecting this query. Yet the response is not what you had expected. Your instructor asks, " Have you ever studied a foreign language? " You reply that you took a few years of Spanish in high school. The instructor then asks whether you recall a word or words that have a specific meaning yet are often broadly used. When you reply positively , the instructor says that this is precisely what is happening here with the word research. It is quite common for students and teachers alike to use the term research to describe a paper assignment that is actually a literature review. The instructor goes on to explain that it is necessary to understand the specific language of research before one can proceed with conducting research. Laypeople often refer to the use of legal terminology by lawyers as " legalese. " In that same vein, one might refer to the language of research by criminal justice scholars as " researchese. "
Expatriates’ and teenagers’ nomadic identities: an intersectional analysis

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the influence of the different relations of power embedded in social structures on the construction of nomadic identities at the individual level. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use a qualitative approach. The authors interview expatriates adjusting to an international audit firm in Luxembourg and young in geographical itinerancy. A multilevel analysis based on intersectionality let emerge macro- and meso-level influences on the construction of nomadic identities. Findings – The authors differentiate three types of expression of nomadic identities thanks to the concept of intersectionality. The authors showed that power relations at the macro level of the society leads to cultural imperialism at the meso level of organizations thus shaping the identity construction of the individual. Research limitations/implications – The qualitative approach remains very specific and future research may focus on different contexts to generalize the results.
Normal polysomnographic values for children and adolescents.

Although polysomnography is routinely performed to evaluate children and adolescents with sleep-disordered breathing, normal polysomnographic values for the pediatric age group have not yet been established. We therefore performed overnight polysomnography in 50 normal children and adolescents (mean age 9.7 +/- 4.6 SD yr, range 1.1 to 17.4 yr). Of the children 56% were male. Chest wall motion, ECG, oronasal airflow, end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), and electrooculogram were monitored. Children had 0.1 +/- 0.5 (range 0 to 3.1) obstructive apneas per hour of total sleep time, with only 18% of children having any obstructive apneas. No child had obstructive apneas > 10 s in duration. Of the children 30% had central apneas > or = 10 s in duration, and one child had a central apnea associated with SaO2 < 90%. Peak PETCO2 was 46 +/- 4 mm Hg (range 38 to 53 mm Hg), and hypoventilation (PETCO2 > 45 mm Hg) occurred for 7 +/- 19% total sleep time (range 0 to 91%). The SaO2 nadir was 96 +/- 2% (range 89 to 98%), with only one child desaturating below 90% in association with a central apnea. We conclude that polysomnographic results in the pediatric age group differ from those in adults. Recommendations for normal polysomnographic criteria are given.
Support to Persons Experiencing Infertility:: Family and Friends Can Help

The individual or couple being treated for infertility is emotionally connected to a larger family and social unit which may also feel the sting of infertility. Wanting to help, they often fa11 because of a lack of understanding of the many losses which accompany infertility, the difficulty in dealing with another's pain, sexual connotations of infertility, and differences in personalities. The authors briefly examine the emotional needs of infertility patients and then identity& ways family and friends can provide support.
Recursive pose dependent AAM: Application to drivers' monitoring

A general purpose driver's monitoring system should be able to robustly estimate the main rigid and elastic facial movements through time. Model-based methods have many advantages over feature-based methods for succeeding in this task. This paper presents a system for robust real-time tracking of a set of facial landmarks based on Active Appearance Models. The main differences with other AAM proposals in the literature are twofold. First, a run-time adaptation of the AAM regression matrix using a recursive algorithm to improve convergence precision, second, a multiresolution pose-dependent strategy, PD-AAM, to reduce error in landmarks location for rotated faces and to reduce also computational burden. The proposal is tested in the BUHMAP database, a public database with head and expression movements and in an own set of videos captured in a car. Tests show that the conjunction of these two strategies improve results over a classical AAM tracking system.
Examination and Analysis of Critical Current Uniformity of Long HTS Tapes by the MCorder

The magnetic circuit (MC) method has been developed to measure the critical current (Ic) of long high temperature superconductor (HTS) tapes continuously since 2010. So far, with the apparatus based on the MC method, namely MCorder, industrial HTS tapes produced by main manufactures worldwide have been measured using the MC method, including Bi2223/Ag multifilament tapes and coated conductors with/without magnetic substrates. The high speed (360 m/h), high accuracy measurement (resolution 1 A) and its adaption to all kinds of HTS tapes make large quantity measurement and statistical evaluation of HTS tape possible. In this paper, criteria for Ic assessment of long HTS tapes is discussed, based on which analysis of samples from different manufacturers worldwide is provided. The measurement result of a Bi2223/Ag tape by MC method is compared with section-by-section four-probe method, and the two methods show good agreement. Fourier analysis is given for analyzing Ic periodicity of a tape with periodical artificial defects.
Sequence Prediction Using Neural Network Classiers

Being able to guess the next element of a sequence is an important question in many fields. In this paper we present our approaches used in the Sequence Prediction ChallengE (SPiCe), whose goal is to compare the different approaches to that problem on the same datasets. We model sequence prediction as a classification problem and adapt three different neural network models to tackle it. The experimental results show that our neural network based approaches produce better overall performance than the baseline approaches provided in the competition. In the actual competition, we won the second place using these approaches.
Integrating transformational and participative versus directive leadership theories

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which male and female leaders report engaging in participative versus directive intellectually stimulating transformational leadership behaviour across three different contexts (business, government and military). Design/methodology/approach – Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 64 senior leaders (29 female and 35 male) across Canada.Findings – Leaders were more likely to describe using a participative versus directive approach to intellectual stimulation. Gender similarities and differences also appeared across contexts: government leaders reported almost twice as many directive examples as business leaders, and men and women in both of these contexts were very similar in their reports about how they enacted intellectual stimulation. In contrast, men and women in the military diverged, with male leaders reporting more participative behaviour than female leaders.Research limitations/implications – This study extends the leadersh.
Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome and Falls Risk: A Multi-Center Study.

BACKGROUND The Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome (MCR) is characterized by slow gait speed and cognitive complaints. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine if the presence of MCR increases the risk of falls in older people. METHODS Individual participant data (n = 6,204) from five longitudinal studies from three countries were used for this analysis. MCR diagnosis was defined as both the presence of objectively measured slow gait speed and subjective cognitive complaints in those without dementia or mobility disability. Falls were prospectively ascertained using phone calls or questionnaires. Log binomial regression was performed to determine if MCR increased the risk of falls separately in each cohort. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool results from all cohorts. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 74.9 (SD 6.8) years and 44% (n = 2728) were male. Overall 33.9% (n = 2104) reported a fall over follow-up. Pooled relative risk of MCR with any falls was RR 1.44 95% CI 1.16, 1.79. The components of MCR, slow gait (RR 1.30 95% CI 1.14, 1.47) and cognitive complaint (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07, 1.46) were also associated with an increased risk of any falls. In sub-analyses MCR was associated with any fall independent of previous falls (RR 1.29 95% CI 1.09, 1.53) and with multiple falls (RR 1.77, 95% CI 1.25, 2.51). CONCLUSION MCR is associated with an increased risk of falls. The increase in risk was higher than for its individual components. The simplicity of the MCR makes it an attractive falls risk screening tool for the clinic.
Uncertainty in geosocial data: friend or foe?

In data management, uncertainty and lack of information are commonly considered as hurdles to overcome. But when it comes to management of geosocial data, where data can be used to associate people with geographic locations they visited, uncertainty is frequently not just an obstacle but also a desired feature. Uncertainty and lack of information---such as knowing only approximate locations of users or knowing only some of the locations users visited---may reduce the accuracy of data analysis. They, however, may be desired, or even required, for keeping user privacy, and for using data that otherwise would not have been collected and used. Due to the heterogeneity of geosocial data, uncertainty is prevalent in geosocial applications, and should not be overlooked. In this paper, we discuss some of the causes of uncertainty in geosocial data management. We elaborate on some of the advantages and disadvantages of using inaccurate or incomplete geosocial data, and we illustrate some of the methods to cope with uncertainty in geosocial applications.
Implementation and Performance evaluation 5 Investigation and Improvement on the Impact of TLB misses in Real-Time Systems

Memory protection for real-time systems is needed to ensure safety of the systems, in recent years. The memory management unit used for memory protection uses the translation lookaside buffer (TLB) which is a caching mechanism. When using the TLB in real-time systems, the worst-case execution time (WCET) is estimated pessimistically, because it is difficult to predict the occurrence of TLB misses. In this paper, first, the impact of TLB misses on the WCET is evaluated. Secondly, methods to control the occurrence of TLB misses by using the TLB locking mechanism are proposed. The result of evaluation shows the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Interethnic diversity of the CD209 (rs4804803) gene promoter polymorphism in African but not American sickle cell disease

Elucidating the genomic diversity of CD209 gene promoter polymorphism could assist in clarifying disease pathophysiology as well as contribution to co-morbidities. CD209 gene promoter polymorphism has been shown to be associated with susceptibility to infection. We hypothesize that CD209 mutant variants occur at a higher frequency among Africans and in sickle cell disease. We analyzed the frequency of the CD209 gene (rs4804803) in healthy control and sickle cell disease (SCD) populations and determined association with disease. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples collected from 145 SCD and 231 control Africans (from Mali), 331 SCD and 379 control African Americans and 159 Caucasians. Comparative analysis among and between groups was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Per ethnic diversification, we found significant disparity in genotypic (23.4% versus 16.9% versus 3.2%) and allelic frequencies (48.7% versus 42.1% versus 19.8%) of the homozygote mutant variant of the CD209 (snp 309A/G) gene promoter between Africans, African Americans and Caucasians respectively. Comparative evaluation between disease and control groups reveal a significant difference in genotypic (10.4% versus 23.4%; p = 0.002) and allelic frequencies (39.7% versus 48.7%; p = 0.02) of the homozygote mutant variant in African SCD and healthy controls respectively, an observation that is completely absent among Americans. Comparing disease groups, we found no difference in the genotypic (p = 0.19) or allelic (p = 0.72) frequencies of CD209 homozygote mutant variant between Africans and Americans with sickle cell disease. The higher frequency of CD209 homozygote mutant variants in the African control group reveals a potential impairment of the capacity to mount an immune response to infectious diseases, and possibly delineate susceptibility to or severity of infectious co-morbidities within and between groups.
European Conference on Information Systems ( ECIS ) Summer 10-6-2011 DECISION SUPPORT BY AUTOMATIC ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS PROCESS MODELS

It is advantageous for companies to have an in-depth understanding of their business processes. To support companies in decision making, based on the properties of their business processes, a method was developed for the automatic analysis of business process models. A machine-readable representation of the model is parsed to extract several features. Based on a set of domain-specific business rules, a recommendation is generated. The method was validated by implementing it in a software program and applying it to the domain of product data storage. Several experts in that domain participated in a survey. From the three features tested in this study, the ‘data access frequency’ seems to be most useful. This feature could thus be reused in future applications of the method. The method could be helpful for companies that have many large, complex, dynamic business processes, and which would like to (dynamically) optimize product data storage. In addition, by replacing a set of domain-specific rules, the method may be applied to other domains where business process models need to be analyzed to support decision making.
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in mammalian ageing

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) catalyze the post-translational modification of proteins with poly(ADP-ribose). Two PARP isoforms, PARP-1 and PARP-2, display catalytic activity by contact with DNA-strand breaks and are involved in DNA base-excision repair and other repair pathways. A body of correlative data suggests a link between DNA damage-induced poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and mammalian longevity. Recent research on PARPs and poly(ADP-ribose) yielded several candidate mechanisms through which poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation might act as a factor that limits the rate of ageing.
Towards context sensitive information inference

Humans can make hasty, but generally robust judgements about what a text fragment is, or is not, about. Such judgements are termed information inference. This article furnishes an account of information inference from a psychologistic stance. By drawing on theories from nonclassical logic and applied cognition, an information inference mechanism is proposed that makes inferences via computations of information flow through an approximation of a conceptual space. Within a conceptual space information is represented geometrically. In this article, geometric representations of words are realized as vectors in a high dimensional semantic space, which is automatically constructed from a text corpus. Two approaches were presented for priming vector representations according to context. The first approach uses a concept combination heuristic to adjust the vector representation of a concept in the light of the representation of another concept. The second approach computes a prototypical concept on the basis of exemplar trace texts and moves it in the dimensional space according to the context. Information inference is evaluated by measuring the effectiveness of query models derived by information flow computations. Results show that information flow contributes significantly to query model effectiveness, particularly with respect to precision. Moreover, retrieval effectiveness compares favorably with two probabilistic query models, and another based on semantic association. More generally, this article can be seen as a contribution towards realizing operational systems that mimic text-based human reasoning.
The Dual Role of TGFβ in Human Cancer: From Tumor Suppression to Cancer Metastasis

The transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily encompasses widespread and evolutionarily conserved polypeptide growth factors that regulate and orchestrate growth and differentiation in all cell types and tissues. While they regulate asymmetric cell division and cell fate determination during early development and embryogenesis, TGFβ family members play a major regulatory role in hormonal and immune responses, cell growth, cell death and cell immortalization, bone formation, tissue remodeling and repair, and erythropoiesis throughout adult life. The biological and physiological functions of TGFβ, the founding member of this family, and its receptors are of central importance to human diseases, particularly cancer. By regulating cell growth, death, and immortalization, TGFβ signaling pathways exert tumor suppressor effects in normal cells and early carcinomas. Thus, it is not surprising that a high number of human tumors arise due to mutations or deletions in the genes coding for the various TGFβ signaling components. As tumors develop and progress, these protective and cytostatic effects of TGFβ are often lost. TGFβ signaling then switches to promote cancer progression, invasion, and tumor metastasis. The molecular mechanisms underlying this dual role of TGFβ in human cancer will be discussed in depth in this paper, and it will highlight the challenge and importance of developing novel therapeutic strategies specifically aimed at blocking the prometastatic arm of the TGFβ signaling pathway without affecting its tumor suppressive effects.