Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Embedding Planar Graphs in Seven Pages

This paper investigates the problem of embedding planar graphs in books of few pages. An efficient algorithm for embedding a planar graph in a book establishes an upper bound of seven pages for any planar graph. This disproves a conjecture of Bernhart and Kainen that the pagenumber of a planar graph can be arbitrarily large. It is also shown that the stellations of K/sub 3/ have pagenumber three, the best possible.
6R Serial Manipulator Space Path Planning Based on RRT

This paper proposes a 6R serial manipulator spatial path planning method based on RRT algorithm. RRT algorithm is different from other path planning method, during its planning process, it can take the manipulator's kinematics constrains and the position of the obstacles into consideration. Then combine with the collision detection method of AABB bounding box, and plan an effective and feasible path. This not only can improve the searching speed, but also can ensure the feasibility of the path it had planned. After these, to make the manipulator move smoothly, it uses the Hermite interpolation to smooth the path it had planned, and this can reduce the body trembling during the manipulator's movement. At last, it uses the C++ and OpenGL builds a simulating platform, and uses this platform to simulate the path planning method this paper had proposed.
ErbB2-Mediated Src and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Activation Leads to Transcriptional Up-Regulation of p21Cip1 and Chemoresistance in Breast Cancer Cells

Overexpression of the ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase is prevalent in ∼30% of human breast cancers and confers Taxol resistance. Our previous work has shown that ErbB2 inhibits Taxol-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells by transcriptionally up-regulating p21Cip1. However, the mechanism of ErbB2-mediated p21Cip1 up-regulation is unclear. Here, we show that ErbB2 up-regulates p21Cip1 transcription through increased Src activity in ErbB2-overexpressing cells. Src activation further activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) that recognizes a SIE binding site on the p21Cip1 promoter required for ErbB2-mediated p21Cip1 transcriptional up-regulation. Both Src and STAT3 inhibitors restored Taxol sensitivity in resistant ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Our data suggest that ErbB2 overexpression can activate STAT3 through Src leading to transcriptional up-regulation of p21Cip1 that confers Taxol resistance of breast cancer cells. Our study suggests a potential clinical application of Src and STAT3 inhibitors in Taxol sensitization of ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancers. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(4):592–600)
Structural Insight into the Differential Effects of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids on the Production of Aβ Peptides and Amyloid Plaques*

Several studies have shown the protective effects of dietary enrichment of various lipids in several late-onset animal models of Alzheimer Disease (AD); however, none of the studies has determined which structure within a lipid determines its detrimental or beneficial effects on AD. High-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) shows that saturated fatty acids (SFAs), upstream omega-3 FAs, and arachidonic acid (AA) resulted in significantly higher secretion of both Aβ 40 and 42 peptides compared with long chain downstream omega-3 and monounsaturated FAs (MUFA). Their distinct detrimental action is believed to be due to a structural template found in their fatty acyl chains that lack SFAs, upstream omega-3 FAs, and AA. Immunoblotting experiments and use of APP-C99-transfected COS-7 cells suggest that FA-driven altered production of Aβ is mediated through γ-secretase cleavage of APP. An early-onset AD transgenic mouse model expressing the double-mutant form of human amyloid precursor protein (APP); Swedish (K670N/M671L) and Indiana (V717F), corroborated in vitro findings by showing lower levels of Aβ and amyloid plaques in the brain, when they were fed a low fat diet enriched in DHA. Our work contributes to the clarification of aspects of structure-activity relationships.
KCNK10, a Tandem Pore Domain Potassium Channel, Is a Regulator of Mitotic Clonal Expansion during the Early Stage of Adipocyte Differentiation

KCNK10, a member of tandem pore domain potassium channel family, gives rise to leak K+ currents. It plays important roles in stabilizing the negative resting membrane potential and in counterbalancing depolarization. We previously demonstrated that kcnk10 expression is quickly elevated during the early stage of adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells and that reduction of kcnk10 expression inhibits adipocyte differentiation. However, the molecular mechanism of KCNK10 in adipocyte differentiation remains unclear. Here we revealed that kcnk10 is induced by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor and a potent inducer of adipogenesis, during the early stage of adipocyte differentiation. We also demonstrated that KCNK10 functions as a positive regulator of mitotic clonal expansion (MCE), a necessary process for terminal differentiation. The reduction of kcnk10 expression repressed the expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and C/EBPδ as well as the phosphorylation level of Akt during the early phase of adipogenesis. In addition, knockdown of kcnk10 expression suppressed insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation. These results indicate that KCNK10 contributes to the regulation of MCE through the control of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ expression and insulin signaling.
Exploring and Predicting the Effects of Microarchitectural Parameters and Compiler Optimizations on Performance and Energy

Embedded processor performance is dependent on both the underlying architecture and the compiler optimizations applied. However, designing both simultaneously is extremely difficult to achieve due to the time constraints designers must work under. Therefore, current methodology involves designing compiler and architecture in isolation, leading to suboptimal performance of the final product. This article develops a novel approach to this codesign space problem. For our specific design space, we demonstrate that we can automatically predict the performance that an optimizing compiler would achieve without actually tuning it for any of the microarchitecture configurations considered. Once trained, a single run of the program compiled with the standard optimization setting is enough to make a prediction on the new microarchitecture with just a 3.2% error rate on average. This allows the designer to accurately choose an architectural configuration with knowledge of how an optimizing compiler will perform on it. We use this to find the best optimizing compiler/architectural configuration in our codesign space and demonstrate that it achieves an average 19% performance improvement and energy savings of 16% compared to the baseline, nearly doubling the energy-efficiency measured as the energy-delay-squared product (EDD).
A two population model of prion transport through a tunnelling nanotube

This article develops a two prion population model that simulates prion trafficking between an infected dendritic cell and a neuron. The situation when the two cells are connected by a tunnelling nanotube (TNT) is simulated. Two mechanisms of prion transport are considered: lateral diffusion in the TNT membrane and active actin-dependent transport inside endocytic vesicles that are propelled by myosin Va molecular motors. Analytical solutions describing prion concentrations and fluxes are obtained. Numerical results are compared with those predicted by a single prion population model that relies on a single reaction–diffusion equation and accounts for the two modes of prion transport in an effective way.
Physicians Who Do and Do Not Recommend Children Get All Vaccinations

The objectives of this study were to determine (1) the proportion of physicians who do and do not recommend that children receive all available vaccines and (2) physician characteristics, attitudes, and behaviors associated with not recommending children receive all vaccines. A self-administered, cross-sectional electronic survey of physicians was conducted in 2005. Analyses were restricted to pediatricians (n = 250) and family practitioners (n = 484) who indicated they see at least five pediatric patients per week. A total of 1,935 surveys were distributed, and 1,251 (65%) physicians responded. Eleven percent of the physicians included in the analysis did not recommend to parents that children receive all available vaccines. Compared with physicians who recommended all vaccines for children, physicians who did not were more likely to be family practitioners versus pediatricians (OR = 2.9, CI = 1.4–5.8), agree or be neutral versus disagree that they have some concerns about childhood immunization safety (OR = 3.1, CI = 1.8–5.2), and have ≤ 3 versus ≥ 8 physicians in their practice (OR = 2.0, CI = 1.1–3.7). We conclude that physician characteristics and concerns about childhood immunizations are associated with not recommending all childhood vaccines. Further investigation of physicians' concerns about vaccine safety is needed to improve health communications directed toward health care providers.
Advanced displays and natural user interfaces to support learning

ABSTRACT Advanced displays and natural user interfaces (NUI) are a very suitable combination for developing systems to provide an enhanced and richer user experience. This combination can be appropriate in several fields and has not been extensively exploited. One of the fields that this combination is especially suitable for is education. Nowadays, children are growing up playing with computer games, using mobile devices, and other technological devices. New learning methods that use these new technologies can help in the learning process. In this paper, two new methods that use advanced displays and NUI for learning about a period of history are presented. One of the methods is an autostereoscopic system that lets children see themselves as a background in the game and renders the elements in 3D without the need for special glasses; the second method is a frontal projection system that projects the image on a table in 2D and works similarly to a touch table. The Microsoft Kinect© is used in both systems for the interaction. A comparative study to check different aspects was carried out. A total of 128 children from 7 to 11 years old participated in the study. From the results, we observed that the different characteristics of the systems did not influence the children's acquired knowledge, engagement, or satisfaction. There were statistically significant differences for depth perception and presence in which the autostereoscopic system was scored higher. However, of the two systems, the children considered the frontal projection to be easier to use. We would like to highlight that the scores for the two systems and for all the questions were very high. These results suggest that games of this kind (advanced displays and NUI) could be appropriate educational games and that autostereoscopy is a technology to exploit in their development.
Profile of specific antibodies to the SARS-associated coronavirus.

To the Editor: A novel coronavirus called the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)–associated coronavirus (CoV) has been identified as the causal agent of SARS.1–3 To understand the humoral immunity to this virus, we studied the profile of IgM and IgG antibody responses to SARS-CoV. IgM and IgG antibodies were analyzed by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 20 patients with SARS from week 1 of their illness to week 12 and in 103 healthy contacts. All 20 patients tested negative for IgM and IgG at week 1 after the onset of symptoms. Of these patients, 16 tested positive for .
Characteristic Shape Sequences for Measures on Images

Abstract : Researchers in many fields often need to quantify the similarity between images using metrics that measure qualities of interest in a robust quantitative manner. We present here the concept of image dimension reduction through characteristic shape sequences. We formulate the problem as a nonlinear optimization program and demonstrate the solution on a test problem of extracting maximal area ellipses from two dimensional image data. To solve the problem numerically, we augment the class of mesh adaptive direct search (MADS) algorithms with a filter, so as to allow infeasible starting points and to achieve better local solutions. Results here show that the MADS filter algorithm is successful in the test problem of finding good characteristic ellipse solutions from simple but noisy images.
Study the Electronic Properties of Boron Nitride Diamondiod Nanostructure using Ab-initio DFT

The first principle of density functional theory using PBE/6-31(d) base sets and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) has been used to investigated the electronic properties of III-V BN. This included the energy gap, density of state, density of bond length and density of dihedral angle. The energy gap of quantum confinement depended on the size effect and the shape effect. B-N bond lengths of diamondoids were found around the bulk experimental value at 1.56 Å. Tetrahedral angles centred around the ideal bulk zinc-blende value at 109.47 degrees, while dihedral angles were distributed around the ideal bulk zinc-blende values at ±60 and ±180 degrees. All results were compared to experimental bulk values and illustrated that diamondoids were representative of bulk structure.
The nature of stacking equilibria in polynucleotides

Temperature melting profiles of adenylyladenosine and cytidylylcytidine were examined by ultraviolet absorption, circular dichroism, and optical rotatory dispersion. They showed the following characteristics: profiles for different absorption wavelengths are identical as defined by least‐squares computed optical and thermodynamic parameters; melting curves obtained by the three spectroscopic methods are likewise in all cases identical by a series of criteria; in terms of the operational equilibrium constant for base‐stacking all van't Hoff plots are linear; absorption spectra and circular dichroism curves at a series of temperatures for both dinucleoside phosphates give excellent isosbestic points; a matrix‐rank analysis of the family of complete spectra at different temperatures gives a value of two for the numbers of components in both cases. Four criteria are thus fulfilled of a two‐state system for the stacking equilibrium. The results are not compatible with a multi‐state scheme in which the substates are optically distinguishable. There is no measurable effect of ionic strength up to 1.0. In a presence of high concentrations of lithium chloride the criteria for two‐state behavior are no longer fulfilled, and examination of infrared spectra gives evidence of complex formation by this salt, though not by sodium chloride. A destacking profile, similar to that observed on heating, is obtained by progressive addition of ethylene glycol to the solution. It is suggested that in dimers, though not in higher oligomers or polymers, the stacking equilibrium can be operationally regarded as a two‐state system, and that the meaningful thermodynamic parameters can be extracted by analytical treatment, of the type here developed, of the melting profiles.
RD, ADHD, and their comorbidity from a dual route perspective

In order to achieve further insight into the comorbidity of reading disorder (RD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), lexical processing and rapid naming were studied in RD and ADHD. The Dual Route Cascaded model postulates that lexical processing contains two parallel processes: lexical route processing and sublexical route processing. An orthographic decision task and a phonological decision task were used to measure lexical and sublexical route processing, respectively. In addition, a rapid naming task was used to compare 27 children with RD, 18 children with ADHD, 20 children with ADHD+RD, and 29 controls. RD and ADHD shared impairments in accuracy of orthographic and phonological decision making as well as in rapid naming, which suggest that RD and ADHD may be overlapping disorders that share deficits in both lexical route and sublexical route processing. RD was dissociated from ADHD by being slower in both orthographical and phonological decision making that indicates unique deficits in RD on lexical and sublexical speed.
Interaction of gold nanoglycodendrimers with algal cells (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and their effect on physiological processes

Abstract With the rise of nanotechnologies, the risk of contamination of aquatic ecosystems with nanoparticles is increasing. Glycodendrimer-coated gold nanoparticles have been developed for biomedical applications; however, their effect on microalgae has never been studied. In this report, their interactions with algae were investigated using two strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a wild type having cell wall and a cell wall-deficient mutant. Cultures were exposed 48 h to 6 and 12 ng ml-1 of gold nanoparticles coated with mannose generation 0 polyamidoamine dendrimer. Culture aggregation was found only for wild type cells, probably because of interactions between mannose and cell wall glycoproteins. Nanoparticles penetrated cytoplasm in both strains; however, inhibition of algal growth and photosynthetic activity was found only in the wild type. We conclude that nanoparticles' deteriorating effect in algae is caused by interactions with the cell wall, causing an aggregation of cell culture, and not by nanoparticle penetration inside the cytoplasm.
A New Hierarchical Document Clustering Method

The advances in digital data collection and storage technologies during the last two decades allow companies and organizations store up huge amounts of electronic documents. Large collections of electronic text present opportunities and challenges. How to assist users to find the most relevant documents from vast text collections efficiently is one of the challenges. This study proposes a hierarchical clustering method to efficiently label documents that satisfy users’ information needs. An experiment was conducted to examine the proposed method and the results shown that the clustering method is effective and efficient, in terms of both objective and subjective measures.
Estimating Parametric Line-Source Models With Electroencephalography

We develop three parametric models for electroencephalography (EEG) to estimate current sources that are spatially distributed on a line. We assume a realistic head model and solve the EEG forward problem using the boundary element method (BEM). We present the models with increasing degrees of freedom, provide the forward solutions, and derive the maximum-likelihood estimates as well as Crameacuter-Rao bounds of the unknown source parameters. A series of experiments are conducted to evaluate the applicability of the proposed models. We use numerical examples to demonstrate the usefulness of our line-source models in estimating extended sources. We also apply our models to the real EEG data of N20 response that is known to have an extended source. We observe that the line-source models explain the N20 measurements better than the dipole model
Antiplasmodial, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of ethanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina del. Leaf in Swiss mice

Objective: Vernonia amygdalina (V. amygdalina) leaf is locally employed in the Southern region of Nigeria in the treatment of malaria infection. This study evaluated the in vivo antiplasmodial, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effect of ethanol extract of V. amygdalina leaf. Materials and Methods: The active principles of the dried leaf were extracted with ethanol. For quality validation, chemical finger-print of the extract was performed through high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). The extract was assessed for antiplasmodial activity by the standard four-day suppressive test on Plasmodium berghei (ANKA) infected male Swiss mice (six weeks old) placed into five groups of six animals each. Result: The absorption spectra from the HPTLC revealed several peaks suggesting presence of some bioactive compounds. Results from the in vivo study showed that the ethanol extract of the plant leaf was significantly active against P. berghei in a dose-dependent manner with the minimum and maximum activity observed in the mice treated orally with 100mg/kg (% inhibition of 23.7%) and 1000 mg/kg (% inhibition of 82.3 %) of the extract, respectively, on day four of the study. There was also a dose-dependent decrease (p<0.05) in some oxidative stress indices including nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation levels in the extract treated groups as against the non-treated infected group which had high levels of these parameters. The pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-ɣ) levels were also considerably low in the extract treated groups relative to the non-treated infected group. Conclusion: The results suggest that ethanol extract of V. amygdalina leaf was active, with some immunomodulatory effect, against P. berghei infection.
Optimal False Data Injection Attack against Automatic Generation Control in Power Grids

This paper studies false data injection attacks against automatic generation control (AGC), a fundamental control system used in all power grids to maintain the grid frequency at a nominal value. Attacks on the sensor measurements for AGC can cause frequency excursion that triggers remedial actions such as disconnecting customer loads or generators, leading to blackouts and potentially costly equipment damage. We derive an attack impact model and analyze an optimal attack, consisting of a series of false data injections, that minimizes the remaining time until the onset of remedial actions, leaving the shortest time for the grid to counteract. We show that, based on eavesdropped sensor data and a few feasible-to-obtain system constants, the attacker can learn the attack impact model and achieve the optimal attack in practice. This paper provides essential understanding on the limits of physical impact of false data injections on power grids, and provides an analysis framework to guide the protection of sensor data links. Our analysis and algorithms are validated by experiments on a physical 16-bus power system testbed and extensive simulations based on a 37-bus power system model.