Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Localization of G Protein β5 and Regulator of G Protein Signaling 7 in Neurons and Brain*

The role that Gβ5regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) complexes play in signal transduction in brain remains unknown. The subcellular localization of Gβ5 and RGS7 was examined in rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells and mouse brain. Both nuclear and cytosolic localization of Gβ5 and RGS7 was evident in PC12 cells by immunocytochemical staining. Subcellular fractionation of PC12 cells demonstrated Gβ5 immunoreactivity in the membrane, cytosolic, and nuclear fractions. Analysis by limited proteolysis confirmed the identity of Gβ5 in the nuclear fraction. Subcellular fractionation of mouse brain demonstrated Gβ5and RGS7 but not Gγ2/3 immunoreactivity in the nuclear fraction. RGS7 and Gβ5 were tightly complexed in the brain nuclear extract as evidenced by their coimmunoprecipitation with anti-RGS7 antibodies. Chimeric protein constructs containing green fluorescent protein fused to wild-type Gβ5 but not green fluorescent fusion proteins with Gβ1 or a mutant Gβ5 impaired in its ability to bind to RGS7 demonstrated nuclear localization in transfected PC12 cells. These findings suggest that Gβ5 undergoes nuclear translocation in neurons via an RGS-dependent mechanism. The novel intracellular distribution of Gβ5·RGS protein complexes suggests a potential role in neurons communicating between classical heterotrimeric G protein subunits and/or their effectors at the plasma membrane and the cell nucleus.
Empresa de participação comunitária: aspectos teóricos e práticos

O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreendere explicar os aspectos teoricos e praticos das Empresas de Participacao Comunitaria (EPC), sua importância como mecanismo de desenvolvimento auto-sustentavel na geracao de trabalho e renda para as comunidades por meiode estudo de caso realizado na ESPRI S.A. , empresa localizada no municipio de Cotia, SP. Buscou-se conhecer a natureza e o funcionamento desta empresa, sua estrutura e suas relacoes organizacionais na perspectiva institucionalista pela amplitude focai encontrada nas forcas de influencia do ambiente, assim como pela abordagem dos conceitos de Redes de Cooperacaoe EconomiaSolidaria. Por se tratar de pesquisa qualitativa, a tecnica empregada para a coleta de dados consistiu em levantamentos bibliograficos, levantamentos documentais, observacao nao-participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foram entrevistadas 38 pessoas, tecnicos do SEBRAE/SP, dirigentes de Empresas de Participacao, dirigentes, funcionarios e acionistas da ESPRI S.A. O estudo evidenciou caracteristicas especificas dos processos de cooperacao na constituicao e funcionamento das EPCs com reflexos na atividade gerencial. No caso da ESPRI S.A. constatou-se que os aspectos economicos que motivam os agentes dessa organizacao sao mediados pela "cultura da partilha'', base da concepcao teorica da Economia da Comunhao (EdC). O conjunto das experiencias de criacao e funcionamento desse tipo de empresa evidencia o potencial da reinterpretacao de novos processos de constituicao e legitimacao de setores empresariais fundados na perspectiva da economia solidaria. Esse tipo de rede organizacional representa uma possibilidade de conjuncao do modelo de empresas constituidas como sociedades anonimas com processos de gestao tipicos de associacoes cooperativas.
Management of Epilepsy in Oncological Patients

Introduction:Comorbidity between epilepsy and cancer is elevated. As a life-time condition, it is not impossible for a patient with epilepsy to have a cancer at some point. Besides, at least 30% of patients with primary brain tumors have epileptic seizures, but also in patients with metastatic infiltrating lesions of the central nervous system and with extracerebral tumors, epilepsy can be related. Seizures may also appear associated with paraneoplastic syndromes, such as limbic encephalitis and metabolic and infectious complications of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Results:The precise mechanisms by which brain tumors and the other conditions mentioned above produce seizures are not fully understood, but are reviewed in this article, as well as the many different therapeutic options that may be used in the treatment of epileptic seizures. Pharmacological treatment poses various controversies, such as the utility of prophylactic treatment, interactions between antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and chemotherapeutic drugs and the complications derived from the adverse effects of AEDs in this population. Finally, other treatments are proposed such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, the rational application of which allows for an improvement in the patients' quality of life. Conclusion:In order to arrive at a diagnosis, the different causes that could condition the appearance of epileptic seizures in cancer patients must be known. After this, the most adequate treatment should be chosen, thus ensuring the comprehensive treatment of cancer and epilepsy.
Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors: Multitarget drugs, not only antidiabetes drugs (D ipeptidyl peptidase ‐4抑制剂：多靶点药物，不仅仅是降糖药)

Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)‐4 inhibitors are a new class of antidiabetic agents that reduce blood glucose by preventing the degradation of the endogenous incretin hormones glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. Protection by DPP‐4 inhibitors of β‐cell function has been demonstrated in patients with type 2 diabetes. Because DPP‐4 is an enzyme widely expressed in humans, DPP‐4 inhibitors are speculated to be multitarget agents. However, other potential therapeutic benefits of DPP‐4 inhibitors remain unknown. Recently, some therapeutic effects of DPP‐4 inhibitors, such as immune regulation, cardiovascular protection, and anti‐inflammatory effects, have been observed. This article provides a systematic and comprehensive review of current research into the newly found effects and mechanism of action of DPP‐4 inhibitors in a therapeutic context.
Comprehensive Histological and Immunochemical Forensic Studies in Deaths Occurring in Custody

In-custody deaths have several causes, and these include homicide, suicide, natural death from chronic diseases, and unexplained death possibly related to acute stress, asphyxia, excited delirium, and drug intoxication. In some instances, these deaths are attributed to undefined accidents and natural causes even though there is no obvious natural cause apparent after investigation. Understanding these deaths requires a comprehensive investigation, including documentation of circumstances surrounding the death, review of past medical history, drug and toxicology screens, and a forensic autopsy. These autopsies may not always clearly explain the death and reveal only nonspecific terminal events, such as pulmonary edema or cerebral edema. There are useful histologic and biochemical signatures which identify asphyxia, stress cardiomyopathy, and excited delirium. Identifying these causes of death requires semiquantitative morphologic and biochemical studies. We have reviewed recent Bureau of Justice Statistics on in-custody death, case series, and morphological and biochemical studies relevant to asphyxia, stress cardiomyopathy, and excited delirium and have summarized this information. We suggest that regional centers should manage the investigation of these deaths to provide more comprehensive studies and to enhance the expertise of forensic pathologists who would routinely manage potentially complex and difficult cases.
Target Selection: A New Learning Paradigm and Its Application to Genetic Association Studies

In this work, a new learning paradigm called target selection is proposed, which can be used to test for associations between a single genetic variable and a multidimensional, quantitative phenotype. In target selection, the task of a learning machine is to chose one out of several nominal target variables, as well as a probabilistic classification function for the selected target. For this new paradigm, a cost function is derived from the concept of mutual information and a learning algorithm is suggested. The significance of the generalization performance of the model learned using target selection is tested using a label permutation test. Here, the proposed target selection paradigm is applied to a genomic imaging study.
A randomized experiment of a prisoner reentry program: updated results from an evaluation of the Minnesota Comprehensive Offender Reentry Plan (MCORP)

Using a randomized experimental design, this study evaluated the effectiveness of the Minnesota Comprehensive Offender Reentry Plan (MCORP), a prisoner reentry pilot project implemented in 2008. In an effort to reduce recidivism, MCORP attempted to increase offender access to community services and programming by producing greater case management collaboration between caseworkers in prison and supervision agents in the community. Results from Cox regression models showed that MCORP significantly reduced four of the five recidivism measures examined, although the size of the reduction in hazard ratios was relatively modest (20–25%). The findings further suggested that MCORP reduced costs. Sensitivity analyses showed, however, that the cost avoidance estimates were not robust across all assumptions that were examined.
Protective HLA Class I Alleles That Restrict Acute-Phase CD8+ T-Cell Responses Are Associated with Viral Escape Mutations Located in Highly Conserved Regions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

ABSTRACT The control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) associated with particular HLA class I alleles suggests that some CD8+ T-cell responses may be more effective than others at containing HIV-1. Unfortunately, substantial diversities in the breadth, magnitude, and function of these responses have impaired our ability to identify responses most critical to this control. It has been proposed that CD8 responses targeting conserved regions of the virus may be particularly effective, since the development of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) escape mutations in these regions may significantly impair viral replication. To address this hypothesis at the population level, we derived near-full-length viral genomes from 98 chronically infected individuals and identified a total of 76 HLA class I-associated mutations across the genome, reflective of CD8 responses capable of selecting for sequence evolution. The majority of HLA-associated mutations were found in p24 Gag, Pol, and Nef. Reversion of HLA-associated mutations in the absence of the selecting HLA allele was also commonly observed, suggesting an impact of most CTL escape mutations on viral replication. Although no correlations were observed between the number or location of HLA-associated mutations and protective HLA alleles, limiting the analysis to mutations selected by acute-phase immunodominant responses revealed a strong positive correlation between mutations at conserved residues and protective HLA alleles. These data suggest that control of HIV-1 may be associated with acute-phase CD8 responses capable of selecting for viral escape mutations in highly conserved regions of the virus, supporting the inclusion of these regions in the design of an effective vaccine.
Gamma camera and optical imaging with a fusion reporter gene using human sodium/iodide symporter and monomeric red fluorescent protein in mouse model

Abstract Purpose: Multimodality imaging contributes to the activation of translational research by compensating for its weak points. Herein, we developed a noninvasive dual-reporter gene system for nuclear and optical imaging. Materials and methods: We constructed a fusion reporter vector concurrently expressing the human sodium/iodide symporter (hNIS) and monomeric red fluorescent protein (mCherry), and evaluated the function of this fusion reporter system under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Results: The expression of hNIS/mCherry fusion gene was confirmed in transfected cells using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. As the numbers of cells increased, the fluorescence and 125I uptake increased in the hNIS/mCherry-transfected cells, and a high correlation between fluorescence intensity and radioactivity was noted. The fluorescence intensities and radioactivity signals were also well-correlated in HT-29-hNIS/mCherry tumors (R2 = 0.9304) in in vivo fluorescence and gamma camera imaging. Conclusions: The dual-reporter imaging method using hNIS and mCherry genes reflected tumor extent as well as viable cell numbers, and correlated well with one another. This suggests that the hNIS/mCherry dual-reporter system can be a useful tool for multi-modal imaging.
Review of Cyber-Physical System Architecture

With the goal of accomplish the ubiquitous intelligence in social life, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are getting growing attentions of researchers and engineers. However, the complexity of computing and physical dynamics bring a lot of challenges in the development of CPS, such as integration of heterogeneous physical devices, system verification, security assurance, and so on. A general or unified architecture plays an important part in the process of CPS design. In this paper, we review the current and previous works of CPS architecture, and introduce the main challenges and techniques of architecture development : real-time control, security assurance, integration mechanism. Then we propose a general CPS architecture based on Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), the main advantage of this proposed architecture is the integration flexibility of services and components. At the end, we introduce the typical applications of CPS, and suggest the future research areas.
An Exploratory Qualitative Study of Polydrug Use Histories Among Recently Initiated Injection Drug Users in San Juan, Puerto Rico

It is well documented that drug users often modulate the effects of their primary drugs of use (e.g., cocaine) by using other drugs (e.g., alcohol), yet the effect of modulating and primary drug interactions on transitions from one class of drugs to another and from noninjected drugs to injected drugs is not clear. This issue, which is critical for understanding polydrug abuse, is explored in formative research based on in-depth qualitative interviews conducted during 2003–2004 with 25 recently initiated drug injectors residing in San Juan, Puerto Rico. This study suggests that increased use of a primary drug (e.g., cocaine) was influenced by enhancing or attenuating drugs, which were used in a particular order (e.g., alcohol, heroin) reflecting effectiveness in modulating primary drugs at different use intensities, as well as by participants’ perceptions of the relative dangers associated with different drugs. Neither availability nor access appeared to affect the order in which participants used modulating drugs.
Real-world illumination and the perception of surface reflectance properties.

Under typical viewing conditions, we find it easy to distinguish between different materials, such as metal, plastic, and paper. Recognizing materials from their surface reflectance properties (such as lightness and gloss) is a nontrivial accomplishment because of confounding effects of illumination. However, if subjects have tacit knowledge of the statistics of illumination encountered in the real world, then it is possible to reject unlikely image interpretations, and thus to estimate surface reflectance even when the precise illumination is unknown. A surface reflectance matching task was used to measure the accuracy of human surface reflectance estimation. The results of the matching task demonstrate that subjects can match surface reflectance properties reliably and accurately in the absence of context, as long as the illumination is realistic. Matching performance declines when the illumination statistics are not representative of the real world. Together these findings suggest that subjects do use stored assumptions about the statistics of real-world illumination to estimate surface reflectance. Systematic manipulations of pixel and wavelet properties of illuminations reveal that the visual system's assumptions about illumination are of intermediate complexity (e.g., presence of edges and bright light sources), rather than of high complexity (e.g., presence of recognizable objects in the environment).
Prevalence of optineurin sequence variants in adult primary open angle glaucoma: implications for diagnostic testing

Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness world wide, affecting about 70 million people,1,2 is characterised by progressive loss of optic nerve axons and visual field damage. As the condition is insidious, the diagnosis is often missed and the disease detected only later when patients have severe and irreversible visual impairment. Adult primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a major form of glaucoma world wide. Most POAG in white and Afro-Caribbean populations is of the high tension glaucoma (HTG) type, with raised intraocular pressure (IOP) being a major contributory factor for visual loss.3–6 Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is another important subtype of POAG in which typical glaucomatous cupping of the optic nerve head and visual field loss are present, but IOPs are consistently within the statistically normal population range. This accounts for about a third of all patients with POAG.4–7 Although the proportion of cases of glaucoma with a genetic basis has not been precisely defined, an increasing body of evidence derived from a range of populations indicates that glaucoma has a substantial heritable basis. It has been estimated that 20%–60% of patients with the disease have a family history, and under-reporting of a family history has been well documented in glaucoma.8–11 In 1997, myocilin ( MYOC , MIM 601652), located on chromosome 1q25,12 was the first POAG gene to be characterised and found to be mutated in patients with juvenile and adult onset POAG.13 Subsequent studies found that MYOC mutations account for fewer than 5% of cases of adult POAG,13–17 with lower frequencies of MYOC mutations in Chinese and Japanese populations compared to white populations.16,18 Rezaie et al 19 recently identified a second POAG gene, optineurin ( OPTN , MIM 602432) in the GLC1E interval on chromosome …
New frontiers in cognitive aging

PART I - FRONTIERS IN COGNITIVE AGING PART II - NEW THEORETICAL ORIENTATIONS IN COGNITIVE AGING PART III - NEW DIRECTIONS IN THE COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE OF AGING PART IV - FRONTIERS OF BIOLOGICAL AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF COGNITIVE AGING PART V - FINAL FRONTIERS? NEW RESEARCH DIRECTIONS, PERSPECTIVES AND IMPERATIVES
Plant Virus–Insect Vector Interactions: Current and Potential Future Research Directions

Acquisition and transmission by an insect vector is central to the infection cycle of the majority of plant pathogenic viruses. Plant viruses can interact with their insect host in a variety of ways including both non-persistent and circulative transmission; in some cases, the latter involves virus replication in cells of the insect host. Replicating viruses can also elicit both innate and specific defense responses in the insect host. A consistent feature is that the interaction of the virus with its insect host/vector requires specific molecular interactions between virus and host, commonly via proteins. Understanding the interactions between plant viruses and their insect host can underpin approaches to protect plants from infection by interfering with virus uptake and transmission. Here, we provide a perspective focused on identifying novel approaches and research directions to facilitate control of plant viruses by better understanding and targeting virus–insect molecular interactions. We also draw parallels with molecular interactions in insect vectors of animal viruses, and consider technical advances for their control that may be more broadly applicable to plant virus vectors.
'I just juggle': work and family balance in Australian organisations

The workforce share of women has increased but they still carry the predominate share of unpaid work in the home. What conditions and workplace support do women workers require to facilitate the integration of work and family responsibilities? To what extent does an organisation's equal employment opportunity (EEO) program and workplace bargaining address the integration of work and family care issues? How do women workers fill the commitment gap between work and care? This paper analyses the EEO reports and industrial agreements of six organisations and interviews a range of managers and staff. Findings suggest that having an EEO program and workplace agreement is no guarantee that work and family measures will be introduced. Heavily dependent on a business case, such measures are unevenly distributed within and across workplaces. The commitment gap is generally met through a variety of informal and ad hoc measures from the workplace and the home.
Interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorders

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document represents a remarkable collaboration by a diverse group of stakeholders all committed to a single goal – improving the lives of children and youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders. The vision and support of the Maine Department of Education and the Maine Department of Health and Human Services enabled this work to be done, while Lindsey Tweed and Nancy Connolly provided the leadership that kept the project moving forward. We received invaluable input and guidance from a variety of viewpoints, including people with autism, parents, educators, providers, researchers, and policymakers. This was a challenging task requiring countless hours of article review and discussion over a one-year period. Although opinions differed at times, enthusiasm for the project never waned, and consensus was achieved. Throughout this involved process, the focus was always on the children and families impacted by Autism Spectrum Disorders. We are grateful to the consumers and families who shared their stories, experiences, and opinions, and who gave meaning to our work. The members of the Committee collaboratively developed a common understanding of research and evidence based practice, selected interventions to evaluate, and outlined a literature review and rating process. The Committee collectively endorses the findings and conclusions expressed herein. However, due to the diversity of perspectives and experiences within the Committee, the conclusions and thoughts on each position in this document do not necessarily represent the individual opinions of each member or the organization they represent. Introduction| The number of children in Maine with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) has increased significantly over the past decade. Since 2000, the number of children receiving Special Education services for ASD in Maine schools jumped from 594 to 2,231in 2008 – an increase of 276%. A recent study estimated that the total cost of caring for a person with autism over his or her lifetime can reach $3.2 million, with more than $35 billion spent collectively per year (Ganz, 2007). To conserve already scarce resources and offer the best possible services to children with ASD, it is necessary to identify and understand the treatments and methods that produce positive outcomes as proven by research. Science helps to clarify some of the confusion about what " works " and enables evidence-informed treatment decisions, thus saving precious time and resources. Autism Spectrum Disorders are a category of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by distinct and pervasive impairment in multiple developmental areas, particularly social skills and …