Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Family-Responsive Interventions, Perceived Organizational and Supervisor Support, Work-Family Conflict, and Psychological Strain

With the increased representation of women in the labor market and an associated growth in the proportion of dual-earner families, individuals and organizations in many countries are confronted with the challenge of managing the balance between work, family, and personal life (Aryee, Fields, & Luk, 1999; Boyar, Maertz, Pearson, & Keough, 2003; Elloy & Smith, 2003). This challenge has been discussed in the literature for over 20 years, and many organizations have put in place initiatives to assist their employees in maintaining a balance between work and family lives (Frone, 2003). These interventions are generally aimed at facilitating flexibility and supporting employees with child care, although recently elder care support also has received some attention. Numerous strategies have been implemented by organizations to alleviate the negative impact of interference between work and family commitments and responsibilities, which is typically referred to as work-family conflict (Frone, 2003). However, there is a paucity of empirical research examining the effects of organizational policies and initiatives on employees, and especially the mechanisms by which these practices influence employee psychological well-being.
Phylogenetic Distinctiveness of Middle Eastern and Southeast Asian Village Dog Y Chromosomes Illuminates Dog Origins

Modern genetic samples are commonly used to trace dog origins, which entails untested assumptions that village dogs reflect indigenous ancestry or that breed origins can be reliably traced to particular regions. We used high-resolution Y chromosome markers (SNP and STR) and mitochondrial DNA to analyze 495 village dogs/dingoes from the Middle East and Southeast Asia, along with 138 dogs from >35 modern breeds to 1) assess genetic divergence between Middle Eastern and Southeast Asian village dogs and their phylogenetic affinities to Australian dingoes and gray wolves (Canis lupus) and 2) compare the genetic affinities of modern breeds to regional indigenous village dog populations. The Y chromosome markers indicated that village dogs in the two regions corresponded to reciprocally monophyletic clades, reflecting several to many thousand years divergence, predating the Neolithic ages, and indicating long-indigenous roots to those regions. As expected, breeds of the Middle East and East Asia clustered within the respective regional village dog clade. Australian dingoes also clustered in the Southeast Asian clade. However, the European and American breeds clustered almost entirely within the Southeast Asian clade, even sharing many haplotypes, suggesting a substantial and recent influence of East Asian dogs in the creation of European breeds. Comparison to 818 published breed dog Y STR haplotypes confirmed this conclusion and indicated that some African breeds reflect another distinct patrilineal origin. The lower-resolution mtDNA marker consistently supported Y-chromosome results. Both marker types confirmed previous findings of higher genetic diversity in dogs from Southeast Asia than the Middle East. Our findings demonstrate the importance of village dogs as windows into the past and provide a reference against which ancient DNA can be used to further elucidate origins and spread of the domestic dog.
Dystrophin-associated proteins are greatly reduced in skeletal muscle from mdx mice

Dystrophin, the protein product of the human Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene, exists in skeletal muscle as a large oligomeric complex that contains four glycoproteins of 156, 50, 43, and 35 kD and a protein of 59 kD. Here, we investigated the relative abundance of each of the components of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in skeletal muscle from normal and mdx mice, which are missing dystrophin. Immunoblot analysis using total muscle membranes from control and mdx mice of ages 1 d to 30 wk found that all of the dystrophin-associated proteins were greatly reduced (80-90%) in mdx mouse skeletal muscle. The specificity of the loss of the dystrophin-associated glycoproteins was demonstrated by the finding that the major glycoprotein composition of skeletal muscle membranes from normal and mdx mice was identical. Furthermore, skeletal muscle membranes from the dystrophic dy/dy mouse exhibited a normal density of dystrophin and dystrophin-associated proteins. Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed the results from the immunoblot analysis and showed a drastically reduced density of dystrophin-associated proteins in mdx muscle cryosections compared with normal and dy/dy mouse muscle. Therefore, our results demonstrate that all of the dystrophin-associated proteins are significantly reduced in mdx skeletal muscle and suggest that the loss of dystrophin-associated proteins is due to the absence of dystrophin and not due to secondary effects of muscle fiber degradation.
Nucleic Acid Amplification Assays for Detection of La Crosse Virus RNA

ABSTRACT We report the development of nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) and quantitative real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays for the detection of La Crosse (LAC) virus in field-collected vector mosquito samples and human clinical samples. The sensitivities of these assays were compared to that of a standard plaque assay in Vero cells. The NASBA and quantitative real-time RT-PCR assays demonstrated sensitivities greater than that of the standard plaque assay. The specificities of these assays were determined by testing a battery of reference strain viruses, including representative strains of LAC virus and other arthropod-borne viruses. Additionally, these assays were used to detect LAC viral RNA in mosquito pool samples and human brain tissue samples and yielded results within less than 4 h. The NASBA and quantitative real-time RT-PCR assays detect LAC viral RNA in a sensitive, specific, and rapid manner; these findings support the use of these assays in surveillance and diagnostic laboratory systems.
Kiche Intonation

Kiche is a Mayan language spoken in Guatemala. Compared to other aspects of the language, its prosody, in particular its intonation system, is relatively understudied. This project aims to present an analysis of Kiche intonation in the framework of the autosegmental-metrical (AM) model of intonational phonology. Our data indicate that Kiche is an edge language with stress-driven pitch accent, and its intonation properties can be transcribed by a model which assumes 1) an Accentual Phrase (AP): [LH*, L*, H*, (Ha)], 2) an Intermediate Phrase (ip): [H-, L-], and 3) an Intonational Phrase (IP): [H%, L%]. Similar to many other languages analyzed in the same framework, intonation in Kiche appears to cue some syntactic as well as semantic structures.
Associations of Dietary Flavonoids with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, and Markers of Insulin Resistance and Systemic Inflammation in Women: A Prospective Study and Cross-Sectional Analysis

Objective: Flavonoids, as antioxidants, may prevent the progressive impairment of pancreatic β-cell function due to oxidative stress and may thus reduce the occurrence of type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of dietary flavonol and flavone intake with type 2 diabetes, and biomarkers of insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. Methods: In 38,018 women aged ≥45 y and free of cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes with an average 8.8y of follow-up, we calculated relative risks (RRs) of incident type 2 diabetes (1,614 events) according to dietary intake of total or individual flavonols and flavones and flavonoid-rich foods. We also measured and examined plasma concentrations of insulin, HbA1C, CRP, and IL-6 in relation to total flavonol and flavone intake among 344 nondiabetic women. Results: During 332,905 person-years of follow-up, none of total flavonols and flavones, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, apigenin, and luteolin was significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. Among flavonoid-rich foods, apple and tea consumption was associated with diabetes risk. Women consuming ≥1 apple/d showed a significant 28% reduced risk of type 2 diabetes compared with those who consumed no apples (the multivariate-adjusted RR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.92; p = 0.006 for trend). Tea consumption was also inversely associated with diabetes risk but with a borderline significant trend (≥4 cups/d vs. none: RR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.52–1.01; p for trend = 0.06). In 344 nondiabetic women, total intake of flavonols and flavones was not significantly related to plasma concentrations of fasting insulin, HbA1C, CRP, or IL-6. Conclusions: These results do not support the hypothesis that high intake of flavonols and flavones reduces the development of type 2 diabetes, although we cannot rule out a modest inverse association with intake of apples and tea.
Ancient DNA and the origin of modern humans.

Central to the debate over the origin of modern Homo sapiens are arguments over the mode, location, and timing of the transition from large-brained “archaic humans” to anatomically modern human form. Some argue for an African replacement model, where modern Homo sapiens arose as a new species in Africa roughly 150–200 thousand years ago (ka), followed by their dispersal throughout the Old World replacing archaic human groups (including the Neandertals). Others argue for a multiregional interpretation, where the transition from archaic to modern humans took place within a single evolutionary lineage extending back as far as 2 million years ago (1, 2). Some variants of multiregional evolution suggest that the transition to modernity first occurred in Africa and was then shared across the Old World through gene flow, while others argue that modern traits appeared in different times and places, such that modern humans evolved through the coalescence of these changes (3). The basic difference between African replacement and multiregional evolution advocates is between those favoring speciation and replacement and those favoring evolution within a single species. The debate over modern human origins has been addressed using the fossil and archaeological records, as well as reconstructions of evolutionary history based on the examination of patterns of genetic diversity within and between populations of living humans. In 1997, the genetic evidence was extended to prehistoric samples with the successful extraction of a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence from the European Neandertal specimen from Feldhofer Cave in Germany (4). Since then, Neandertal mtDNA has also been extracted from Neandertal specimens from Mezmaiskaya Cave in the northern Caucasus (5) and from Vindija Cave, Croatia (6). These studies noted the difference between the mtDNA of Neandertals and living humans, and they suggested that these differences reflect separate species status for the Neandertals, implying an …
Boosting performance of gene mention tagging system by classifiers ensemble

To further improve the tagging performance of single classifiers, a classifiers ensemble experimental framework is presented for gene mention tagging. In the framework, six classifiers are constructed by four toolkits (CRF++, YamCha, Maximum Entropy (ME) and MALLET) with different training methods and feature sets and then combined with a two-layer stacking algorithm. The recognition results of different classifiers are regarded as input feature vectors to be incorporated, and then a high-powered model is obtained. Experiments carried out on the corpus of BioCreative II GM task show that the classifiers ensemble method is effective and our best combination method achieves an F-score of 88.09%, which outperforms most of the top-ranked Bio-NER systems in the BioCreAtIvE II GM challenge.
Applying LSI and data reduction to XML for counter terrorism

Data reduction is a critical problem for counter-terrorism; large collections of documents must be analyzed and processed, raising issues related to performance, lossless reduction, polysemy (the meaning of individual words being influenced by their surrounding words), and synonymy (the possibility of the same term being described in different ways). In this paper, we begin by presenting a survey of latent semantic indexing (LSI) techniques and strategies. Next, we highlight a subset of LSI software packages that are available (commercially and academically). Then, we explore approaches that apply LSI to eXtensible Markup Language (XML) data. Using this as a basis, the paper proposes an approach that applies LSI and data reduction to XML documents by transitioning from support vector machines (SVM) to random projections to LSI, and also postulates on the exploitation of semantics of Web-based documents that are captured via XML tags
Biofilm spatial organization by the emerging pathogen Campylobacter jejuni: comparison between NCTC 11168 and 81-176 strains under microaerobic and oxygen-enriched conditions

During the last years, Campylobacter has emerged as the leading cause of bacterial foodborne infections in developed countries. Described as an obligate microaerophile, Campylobacter has puzzled scientists by surviving a wide range of environmental oxidative stresses on foods farm to retail, and thereafter intestinal transit and oxidative damage from macrophages to cause human infection. In this study, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to explore the biofilm development of two well-described Campylobacter jejuni strains (NCTC 11168 and 81-176) prior to or during cultivation under oxygen-enriched conditions. Quantitative and qualitative appraisal indicated that C. jejuni formed finger-like biofilm structures with an open ultrastructure for 81-176 and a multilayer-like structure for NCTC 11168 under microaerobic conditions (MAC). The presence of motile cells within the biofilm confirmed the maturation of the C. jejuni 81-176 biofilm. Acclimation of cells to oxygen-enriched conditions led to significant enhancement of biofilm formation during the early stages of the process. Exposure to these conditions during biofilm cultivation induced an even greater biofilm development for both strains, indicating that oxygen demand for biofilm formation is higher than for planktonic growth counterparts. Overexpression of cosR in the poorer biofilm-forming strain, NCTC 11168, enhanced biofilm development dramatically by promoting an open ultrastructure similar to that observed for 81-176. Consequently, the regulator CosR is likely to be a key protein in the maturation of C. jejuni biofilm, although it is not linked to oxygen stimulation. These unexpected data advocate challenging studies by reconsidering the paradigm of fastidious requirements for C. jejuni growth when various subpopulations (from quiescent to motile cells) coexist in biofilms. These findings constitute a clear example of a survival strategy used by this emerging human pathogen.
Dexamethasone-induced hepatic lipogenesis is insulin dependent in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Hepatic lipogenesis-induced de novo by glucocorticoids (GCs) is associated with the development of obesity and diabetes mellitus. The interaction of GCs and insulin in the regulation of hepatic lipogenesis remains unclear. The effect of exogenous GC administration on hepatic lipogenesis and fat deposition was studied in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), and the role of insulin in the effect of GCs on hepatic lipogenesis was evaluated. Dexamethasone (DEX, 2 mg/kg body mass (BM)) administration for 3-d resulted in BM loss and increased liver and cervical adipose tissue mass compared to control and pair-fed counterparts. DEX treatment significantly (P < 0.05) increased plasma level of insulin in either the fed or fasting state, whereas plasma glucose level was only increased in the fed state. In fasted chickens, DEX treatment significantly (P < 0.01) upregulated the hepatic mRNA levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). In the fed state, the mRNA levels of ACC and FAS were not significantly influenced by DEX treatment, nor was FAS activity. In cultured primary hepatocytes, combined DEX and insulin significantly upregulated the transcription of the genes for FAS (1.34-fold) and malic enzyme (1.72-fold). By contrast, the expression of sterol response element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) was significantly upregulated by insulin (1.67-fold) regardless of DEX. In abdominal adipose tissue, DEX treatment had no significant (P>0.05) effect on the activities and transcription of FAS. The expressions of lipoprotein lipase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by DEX treatment in either the fasting or fed state. The results indicate that DEX increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis via the increased activity and expression of lipogenic enzymes. Insulin-activated gene expression for SREBP-1 is suggested to be involved in stress-augmented hepatic lipogenesis.
Monte Carlo Simulation Test of Pore Blocking Effects

We present a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation study of capillary condensation and desorption in a spherical cavity connected with the bulk phase by cylindrical necks of smaller diameter. We confirm two mechanisms of spontaneous evaporation from the cavity and, correspondingly, two types of adsorption hysteresis, which depend on the relation between the sizes of the cavity and the connecting pores. When the necks are sufficiently wide, evaporation from the cavity is determined by the conditions of evaporation from the neck. This is a classical ink-bottle or pore blocking effect: desorption from the cavity is controlled by the size of the neck. When the necks are narrow, evaporation from the cavity is determined by the conditions of cavitation in the stretched metastable liquid and thus does not depend on the size of blocking pores. MC simulations were performed for a Lennard-Jones fluid at the normal boiling temperature mimicking sorption of nitrogen at 77.4 K in silica mesopores. The simulation results agree .
Complexity of power default reasoning

This paper derives a new and surprisingly low complexity result for inference in a new form of Reiter's propositional default logic (1980). The problem studied here is the default inference problem whose fundamental importance was pointed out by Kraus, Lehmann, and Magidor (1980). We prove that "normal" default inference, in propositional logic, is a problem complete for co-NP(3), the third level of the Boolean hierarchy. Our result (by changing the underlying semantics) contrasts favorably with a similar result of Gottlob (1992), who proves that standard default inference is II/sub 2//sup P/-complete. Our inference relation also obeys all of the laws for preferential consequence relations set forth by Kraus, Lehmann, and Magidor (1990). In particular we get the property of being able to reason by cases and the law of cautious monotony. Both of these laws fail for standard propositional default logic. The key technique for our results is the use of Scott's domain theory to integrate defaults into partial model theory of the logic, instead of keeping defaults as quasiproof rules in the syntax. In particular, reasoning disjunctively entails using the Smyth powerdomain.
Designing Access to Audiovisual Cultural Heritage: The Case of the Carrot

This paper presents the design of an application for engagement with audiovisual digital cultural heritage in the classroom, called the Carrot. The aim of this interactive tool is to make online cultural heritage accessible and understandable for students in different levels of education. In relation to this work we pose two research questions: Why do we need to develop tools for contextualization of audiovisual cultural heritage? And: How do we design and develop such tools? The preliminary answers to these questions come from our experiences in the design process, which deepened our understanding of a tool in the context of the classroom. We then relate this to the digital humanities project, EUscreenXL. Initial conclusions suggest that tools for contextualization of audiovisual cultural heritage can engage students with cultural heritage, develop digital media literacy, and support contemporary didactics. These tools need to be developed across platforms, using nonproprietary software and involving a multidisciplinary group of experts.
MECHANISM OF THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF 17&bgr;-ESTRADIOL ON BRAIN FOLLOWING TRAUMA-HEMORRHAGE

ABSTRACT Although 17&bgr;-estradiol (E2) is reported to improve the inflammatory response after trauma-hemorrhage (T-H), it remains unknown whether E2 plays any role in the central nervous system after T-H. Microglial cells, resident central macrophages, are thought to play a central role in exacerbating cell-mediated inflammation. We hypothesized that T-H up-regulates microglial cell-mediated inflammatory response in the brain, and E2 produces central anti-inflammatory effects via negative regulation of microglial cells. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sham operation (cannulation plus laparotomy) or T-H (midline laparotomy; mean blood pressure, 35 ± 5 mmHg for 90 min followed by resuscitation) and immediately killed after resuscitation. Rats received vehicle or E2 (1 mg/kg body weight i.v.) at the onset of resuscitation. In other experiments, minocycline (40 mg/kg body weight i.p.), microglia inhibitor, was administered 1 h before T-H to prevent inflammatory response in the microglia after T-H. The plasma and hypothalamic tumor necrosis factor (TNF-&agr;) levels were increased, along with the activation of microglial cells in T-H rats compared with shams. Furthermore, T-H increased microglial TNF-&agr; productive capacity in vitro. 17&bgr; administration after T-H prevented these inflammatory responses. In rats pretreated with minocycline, decreased microglial TNF-&agr; production and hypothalamic TNF-&agr; levels were observed, but plasma TNF-&agr; levels were not altered after T-H. Thus, T-H induces inflammatory responses even in the hypothalamus, and E2 seems to be a useful adjunct for down-regulating microglial cell-mediated inflammatory response after T-H.
Evolving instruction? Seven challenges

Many of us think of evolution as happening over centuries, if not eons. But recent work by Princeton researchers Peter and Rosemary Grant in the Galapagos has shown that if conditions warrant, evolutionary changes can show up in as little as a single generation. In 1977, for example, Darwin’s famous finches were left by a drought with only big, tough seeds to eat – their offspring were born with bigger, blunter beaks. (Jonathan Weiner, The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution In Our Time, Vintage Books, 1995).
Pauvreté et convergence des comportements de consommation entre classes socioéconomiques au Québec, 1969-2006

La pauvrete est multidimensionnelle dans les pays developpes et elle ne se reduit pas a la pauvrete monetaire. Sept groupes socioeconomiques de menages sont definis a l’aide de trois dimensions de bien-etre : la privation, la marginalisation par rapport au groupe de reference et le positionnement relatif dans l’echelle des revenus, ce qui permet de construire un Indice multidimensionnel de pauvrete-richesse. Une analyse de l’evolution de l’IMPR est effectuee a l’aide des enquetes de depenses des menages conduites par Statistique Canada de 1969 a 2006 et l’evolution des caracteristiques des menages pauvres est degagee en utilisant un modele probit. Dans les annees 2000, les comportements de pauvrete sont plus frequents chez les personnes âgees ce qui marque un retournement de tendance, et ils sont en hausse en milieux urbains. La situation de pauvrete est aussi associee au mode de vie en solitaire. L’article presente enfin une analyse de la convergence des comportements de consommation a travers les classes socioeconomiques, differente selon les objets consommes. L’evolution temporelle des revenus des menages les moins nantis ne leur permet pas de rejoindre la consommation de biens discretionnaires par les menages riches.