Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Classification of Anxiety and Fear‐Related Disorders in the ICD‐11

Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent worldwide and engender substantial economic costs and disability. The World Health Organization is currently developing the Eleventh Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD‐11), which represents the first opportunity to improve the validity, clinical utility, and global applicability of the classification in more than 25 years. This article describes changes in the organization and diagnostic guidelines for anxiety and fear‐related disorders proposed by the ICD‐11 Working Group on the Classification of Mood and Anxiety Disorders and the rationale and evidence base for the proposals. In ICD‐11, anxiety and fear‐related disorders that manifest across the lifespan are brought together under a new grouping, and are partly distinguished by their focus of apprehension. The focus of apprehension is the stimulus or situation that triggers the fear or anxiety and may be highly specific as in specific phobia or relate to a broader class of situations as in social anxiety disorder. The guidelines also clarify the relationship between panic disorder and agoraphobia and a qualifier is provided for panic attacks in the context of other disorders. A standardized format emphasizing essential features of anxiety disorders is intended to improve clinical utility. Guidelines will be further refined based on findings from two types of field studies: those using a case‐controlled vignette methodology disseminated via the Internet to practitioners worldwide (http://gcp.network) and clinic‐based field trials implemented globally at participating field study centers.
Towards Grammars for Cradle-to-Cradle Design

Cradle to cradle design (C2C) considers material use and reuse as integral to the composition and specification of the design. Since grammars have been used extensively to model design processes, we consider the possibilities of grammars to model C2C design. Central to our proposal is the idea that products cannot be designed in isolation, but C2C desiderata can only be achieved by explicit design of families of products that share material reuse possibilities. Grammars, heuristic search and various forms of machine learning are highlighted as critical in grappling with the complexities of C2C design.
Double Resonances and Spectral Scaling in the Weak Turbulence Theory of Rotating and Stratified Turbulence

DOUBLE RESONANCES AND SPECTRAL SCALING IN THE WEAK TURBULENCETHEORY OF ROTATING AND STRATIFIED TURBULENCEROBERT RUBINSTEIN*Abstract. In rotating turbulence, stably stratified turbulence, and in rotating stratified turbulence,heuristic arguments concerning the turbulent time scale suggest that the inertial range energy spectrumscales as k-2. From the viewpoint of weak turbulence theory, there are three possibilities which mightinvalidate these arguments: four-wave interactions could dominate three-wave interactions leading to amodified inertial range energy balance, double resonances could alter the time scale, and the energy fluxintegral might not converge. It is shown that although double resonances exist in all of these problems,they do not influence overall energy transfer. However, the resonance conditions cause the flux integral forrotating turbulence to diverge logarithmically when evaluated for a k -2 energy spectrum; therefore, thisspectrum requires logarithmic corrections. Finally, the role of four-wave interactions is briefly discussed.Key words, rotating turbulence, stratified turbulence, weak turbulenceSubject classification. Physical Sciences1. Introduction. Weak turbulence theory [1, 2, 3] provides a closure for problems of interacting disper-sive waves. As developed by Zakharov and collaborators [3], it provides a means to calculate Kolmogorov-likespectra carrying constant fluxes of invariant quantities, to decide whether these spectra are independent ofthe large-scale excitation and the dissipative mechanism (the problem of locality), to decide whether energy,or other invariants, are carried from large to small scales or from small to large scales (direct or inversecascades), and to assess the stability of these spectra to various perturbations. A two-point closure closelyrelated to weak turbulence theory has been applied by Cambon and co-investigators to the numerical simu-lation of rotating [4] and of stratified [5] turbulence.An important ingredient in this theory is the resonance operator(1.1) T_(k, p, q) =
Anelastic Behavior due to Interstitial Oxygen in SmBa2Cu3O7-δ

The composite SmBa2Cu3O7-δ (Sm-123), obtained by the substitution of the ion Y for Sm in the very well known and studied YBa2Cu3O7-δ (Y-123), is potentially attractive for better understanding superconductivity mechanisms and for its applications as electronic devices. Sm-123 samples show higher critical temperatures than Y-123 ones do and a larger solubility of Sm in Ba-Cu-O solvent, which makes their growth process faster. When oxygen is present interstitially, it strongly affects the physical properties of the material. The dynamics of oxygen can be investigated by anelastic spectroscopy measurements, a powerful technique for the precise determination of the oscillation frequency and the internal friction when atomic jumps are possible. Anelastic spectroscopy allows determining the elasticity modulus (related to the oscillation frequency) and the elastic energy loss (related to the internal friction) as a function of the temperature. The sample was also investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and electric resistivity. The results obtained show a thermally activated relaxation structure composed by at least 3 relaxation processes. These processes may be attributed to the jumps of oxygen atoms present of the Cu-O plane in the orthorhombic phase.
A COGNITIVE MODEL OF INSOMNIA

The frequency of poor sleep increases with age. Yet, not all poor sleepers complain of insomnia. Our Cog-nitive Model of Insomnia predicts that sleep complaints in poor sleepers are a function of negative thinking during nocturnal wakefulness. To test the Model, we examined thoughts of two large samples of older individuals. Results support the model: negative thoughts were closely related to poor sleep, distress about insomnia, and poor daytime psychological adjustment.The implications for therapeutic intervention are discussed.
The effect of thermal acclimation on aerobic scope and critical swimming speed in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

ABSTRACT The Atlantic salmon is extensively studied owing to conservation concerns and its economic importance in aquaculture. However, a thorough report of their aerobic capacity throughout their entire thermal niche has not been described. In this study, Atlantic salmon (∼450 g) were acclimated for 4 weeks at 3, 8, 13, 18 or 23°C, and then tested in a large Brett-type swimming respirometer in groups of 10 per trial. Both standard metabolic rate and active metabolic rate continued to increase with temperature, which resulted in an aerobic scope that also increased with temperature, but was statistically similar between 13, 18 and 23°C. The critical swimming speed peaked at 18°C (93.1±1.2 cm s−1), and decreased significantly at the extreme temperatures to 74.8±0.5 and 84.8±1.6 cm s−1 at 3 and 23°C, respectively. At 23°C, the accumulated mortality reached 20% over 4 weeks, while no fish died during acclimation at colder temperatures. Furthermore, fish at 23°C had poor appetite and lower condition factor despite still having a high aerobic scope, suggesting that oxygen uptake was not the limiting factor in the upper thermal niche boundary. In conclusion, Atlantic salmon were able to maintain a high aerobic capacity and good swimming capabilities throughout the entire thermal interval tested, thus demonstrating a high level of flexibility in respiratory capacity towards different temperature exposures. Summary: A thorough assessment of metabolic rates and swimming capacity at five different acclimation temperatures, and the ecological relevance of aerobic scope models in Atlantic salmon.
A multiprocessor system-on-chip for real-time biomedical monitoring and analysis: architectural design space exploration

In this paper we focus on MPSoC architectures for human heart ECG real-time monitoring and analysis. This is a very relevant biomedical application, with a huge potential market, hence it is an ideal target for an application-specific SoC implementation. We investigate a symmetric multi-processor architecture based on STMicroelectronics VLIW DSPs that process in real-time 12-lead ECG signals. This architecture improves upon state-of-the-art SoC designs for ECG analysis in its ability to analyze the full 12 leads in real-time, even with high sampling frequencies, and ability to detect heart malfunction. We explore the design space by considering a number of hardware and software architectural options
Response Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Sensing in the Unfolded Protein

Schekman Lazar Dimitrov, Sheung Kwan Lam and Randy Protein Folding in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Ineke Braakman and Daniel N. Hebert Reticulum and Beyond Sphingolipid Homeostasis in the Endoplasmic David K. Breslow Interconnections with Other Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure and Amber R. English and Gia K. Voeltz Endoplasmic Reticulum Characterizing the Proteins and Functions of the The Contribution of Systematic Approaches to
Do we look happy? Perceptions of romantic relationship quality on Facebook

Does the information that people share about their romantic relationships on Facebook influence how other people perceive their relationship quality? Across 2 studies, people’s accuracy at inferring others’ relationship quality based on their Facebook profiles and how Facebook profiles influenced others’ judgments of people’s relationship quality and likability were investigated. Perceived relationship quality corresponded to self-reported relationship quality (Study 1), and people with more visible relationships were perceived as having greater relationship satisfaction and commitment (Studies 1 and 2) and being more likable (Study 2). High disclosure about the relationship predicted greater perceived relationship quality but lower likability (Study 2). These findings illuminate how sharing information about one’s relationship influences other people’s impressions of the individual and the relationship.
Systemic blockade of P 2 X 3 and P 2 X 2 / 3 receptors attenuates bone cancer pain behaviour in rats

Pain remains an area of considerable unmet clinical need, and this is particularly true of pain associated with bone metastases, in part because existing analgesic drugs show only limited efficacy in many patients and in part because of the adverse side effects associated with these agents. An important issue is that the nature and roles of the algogens produced in bone that drive pain-signalling systems remain unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that adenosine triphosphate is one such key mediator through actions on P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors, which are expressed selectively on primary afferent nocioceptors, including those innervating the bone. Using a well-established rat model of bone cancer pain, AF-353, a recently described potent and selective P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptor antagonist, was administered orally to rats and found to produce highly significant prevention and reversal of bone cancer pain behaviour. This attenuation occurred without apparent modification of the disease, since bone destruction induced by rat MRMT-1 carcinoma cells was not significantly altered by AF-353. Using in vivo electrophysiology, evidence for a central site of action was provided by dose-dependent reductions in electrical, mechanical and thermal stimuli-evoked dorsal horn neuronal hyperexcitability following direct AF-353 administration onto the spinal cord of bone cancer animals. A peripheral site of action was also suggested by studies on the extracellular release of adenosine triphosphate from MRMT-1 carcinoma cells. Moreover, elevated phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons, induced by co-cultured MRMT-1 carcinoma cells, was significantly reduced in the presence of AF-353. These data suggest that blockade of P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors on both the peripheral and central terminals of nocioceptors contributes to analgesic efficacy in a model of bone cancer pain. Thus, systemic P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptor antagonists with central nervous system penetration may offer a promising therapeutic tool in treating bone cancer pain. doi:10.1093/brain/awq194 Brain 2010: 133; 2549–2564 | 2549
Compare the revision rate of metal-on-metal and metal-on-polyethylene for total hip replacement : a meta-analysis

Total hip replacement (THA) has been one of the most common and reliable surgical operations in 20th Century. The purpose of THA is to provide a joint that is without pain, stability, mobile and durable. Metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty (MOM-THA) is similar to metal-on-polyethylene (MOP-THA) in function, but there are still some differences in tribology and biological interactions. We performed a meta-analysis to compare revision rate outcomes of MOM-THA and MOP-THA. We performed a systematic review of English articles about MOM-THA and MOPTHA from PubMed, Web of Science and Embase. In THA, MOM bearings compared with MOP bearings in revision rate based on relative risks (RR) using a random effect model or fixed effect model. Study was included in this review if it was: (1) study population is primary THA; (2) the comparison between MOM-THA and MOP-THA; (3) the clinical outcome include the revision rate; (4) with a follow-up duration of at least 1 years. 18 articles was included, six RCTs and twelve cohort study, with 135190 surgeries in the MOM-THA group and 375827 surgeries in the MOP-THA group. The MOP-THA group had a significant lower incidence of revision (RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.05-1.43, P: 0.001, I2: 85.2%) compared with the MOM-THA group. In the subgroup analysis, there was no significant difference of revision rate between MOM-THA group and MOP-THA group in mixed head size (RR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.60-1.63, P: 0.270, I2: 22.7%); the prospective study (RR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.87-1.15, P: 0.001, I2: 68.3%); the follow-up time ≤3 years (RR: 1.30, 95% CI: 0.90-1.88, P: 0.001, I2: 81.7%); RCT study (RR: 2.01, 95% CI: 0.70-5.81, P: 0.756, I2: 0.0%). Compared with MOP-THA group, the MOM-THA group has a little higher revision rate (RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.05-1.43, P: 0.001, I2: 85.2%). There still need larger sample size, more center study to analysis the revision rate of MOM-THA and MOP-THA.
Differences in genetic and environmental variation in adult BMI by sex, age, time period, and region: an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts.

Background: Genes and the environment contribute to variation in adult body mass index [BMI (in kg/m2)], but factors modifying these variance components are poorly understood.Objective: We analyzed genetic and environmental variation in BMI between men and women from young adulthood to old age from the 1940s to the 2000s and between cultural-geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low (East Asia) prevalence of obesity.Design: We used genetic structural equation modeling to analyze BMI in twins ≥20 y of age from 40 cohorts representing 20 countries (140,379 complete twin pairs). Results: The heritability of BMI decreased from 0.77 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.78) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.75) in men and women 20-29 y of age to 0.57 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.60) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.65) in men 70-79 y of age and women 80 y of age, respectively. The relative influence of unique environmental factors correspondingly increased. Differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from 20-29 to 60-69 y of age. Mean BMI and variances in BMI increased from the 1940s to the 2000s and were greatest in North America and Australia, followed by Europe and East Asia. However, heritability estimates were largely similar over measurement years and between regions. There was no evidence of environmental factors shared by co-twins affecting BMI.Conclusions: The heritability of BMI decreased and differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from young adulthood to old age. The heritability of BMI was largely similar between cultural-geographic regions and measurement years, despite large differences in mean BMI and variances in BMI. Our results show a strong influence of genetic factors on BMI, especially in early adulthood, regardless of the obesity level in the population.
Multi-FPGA implementation of a Network-on-Chip based many-core architecture with fast barrier synchronization mechanism

In this paper, we propose a fast barrier synchronization mechanism, targeting Network-on-Chip based many-core architectures. Its salient feature is that, once the barrier condition is reached, the “barrier release” acknowledgement is routed to all processor nodes in a broadcast way in order to save area by avoiding storing source node information and to minimize completion time by eliminating serialization of barrier releasing. Then, we construct a multi-FPGA platform using Xilinx® Virtex 5 as FPGA chips and implement a NoC based many-core architecture on it. FPGA utilization and simulation results show that our mechanism demonstrates both area and performance advantages over the barrier synchronization counterpart with unicast barrier releasing.
Comparison of root canal cleaning ability of protaper NEXT and WaveOne rotary file systems - A Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) study

Objectives: One of the important objectives of root canal instrumentation is the removal of vital and/or necrotic pulp tissue, as well as dentin debris ensuring a completely clean canal environment. During the past few decades, various nickel titanium rotary endodontic file systems have been developed with high efficiency and sound safety to ensure completely clean canals. The purpose of the present study was to compare the cleaning efficacy of two different rotary file systems- ProTaper NEXT and WaveOne, using a Scanning Electron Microscope. Study Design: 60 extracted single rooted teeth with single root canals were selected for the study and access cavities were prepared. The working lengths were determined using #10/15 K files and the samples were divided into two experimental groups. Group-1: Cleaning and Shaping was performed using ProTaper NEXT rotary files following manufacturer's instructions up to size X4 (apical diameter of 0.40 mm). Group-2: Cleaning and Shaping was performed using WaveOne rotary files of size 40 (apical diameter of 0.40 mm) following manufacturer's instructions. 6 samples from each group were left uninstrumented which served as control. The radicular portion of all the samples were split buccolingually following decoronation at the cementoenamel junction. The samples were examined in the coronal, middle and apical third of the root canal under the scanning electron microscope. Results: The analysis of the results demonstrated that WaveOne (Mean debris score= 1.22) presented higher cleaning capacity of root canals when compared to ProTaper NEXT (Mean debris score= 1.58) (p value <0.05) Conclusion: Both the rotary systems WaveOne and ProTaper NEXT resulted in cleaner canals after instrumentation. However, the apical thirds of the root canals demonstrated more residual debris scores when compared to the middle and coronal thirds. Also, the WaveOne files resulted in cleaner canals than ProTaper NEXT file system.
Infection and Invasion of Roots by Symbiotic, Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizobia during Nodulation of Temperate Legumes

SUMMARY Bacteria belonging to the genera Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Azorhizobium (collectively referred to as rhizobia) grow in the soil as free-living organisms but can also live as nitrogen-fixing symbionts inside root nodule cells of legume plants. The interactions between several rhizobial species and their host plants have become models for this type of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. Temperate legumes such as alfalfa, pea, and vetch form indeterminate nodules that arise from root inner and middle cortical cells and grow out from the root via a persistent meristem. During the formation of functional indeterminate nodules, symbiotic bacteria must gain access to the interior of the host root. To get from the outside to the inside, rhizobia grow and divide in tubules called infection threads, which are composite structures derived from the two symbiotic partners. This review focuses on symbiotic infection and invasion during the formation of indeterminate nodules. It summarizes root hair growth, how root hair growth is influenced by rhizobial signaling molecules, infection of root hairs, infection thread extension down root hairs, infection thread growth into root tissue, and the plant and bacterial contributions necessary for infection thread formation and growth. The review also summarizes recent advances concerning the growth dynamics of rhizobial populations in infection threads.
The kink‐turn: a new RNA secondary structure motif

Analysis of the Haloarcula marismortui large ribosomal subunit has revealed a common RNA structure that we call the kink‐turn, or K‐turn. The six K‐turns in H.marismortui 23S rRNA superimpose with an r.m.s.d. of 1.7 Å. There are two K‐turns in the structure of Thermus thermophilus 16S rRNA, and the structures of U4 snRNA and L30e mRNA fragments form K‐turns. The structure has a kink in the phosphodiester backbone that causes a sharp turn in the RNA helix. Its asymmetric internal loop is flanked by C–G base pairs on one side and sheared G–A base pairs on the other, with an A‐minor interaction between these two helical stems. A derived consensus secondary structure for the K‐turn includes 10 consensus nucleotides out of 15, and predicts its presence in the 5′‐UTR of L10 mRNA, helix 78 in Escherichia coli 23S rRNA and human RNase MRP. Five K‐turns in 23S rRNA interact with nine proteins. While the observed K‐turns interact with proteins of unrelated structures in different ways, they interact with L7Ae and two homologous proteins in the same way.
Selection of Reference Genes for Expression Study in Pulp and Seeds of Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) Schum

Cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum [Willd. ex Spreng.] Schum) is a species of high economic importance in Brazil with great potential at international level due to the multiple uses of both its seeds and pulp in the industry of sweets and cosmetics. For this reason, the cupuassu breeding program focused on the selection of genotypes with high pulp and seed quality—selection associated with the understanding of the mechanisms involved in fruit formation. Gene expression is one of the most used approaches related to such understanding. In this sense, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a powerful tool, since it rapidly and reliably quantifies gene expression levels across different experimental conditions. The analysis by qPCR and the correct interpretation of data depend on signal normalization using reference genes, i.e. genes presenting a uniform pattern of expression in the analyzed samples. Here, we selected and analyzed the expression of five genes from cupuassu (ACP, ACT, GAPDH, MDH, TUB) to be used as candidates for reference genes on pulp and seed of young, maturing and mature cupuassu fruits. The evaluation of the gene expression stability was obtained using the NormFinder, geNorm and BestKeeper programs. In general, our results indicated that the GAPDH and MDH genes constituted the best combination as reference genes to analyze the expression of cupuassu samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of reference gene definition in cupuassu, and these results will support subsequent analysis related to gene expression studies in cupuassu plants subjected to different biotic or abiotic conditions as well as serve as a tool for diversity analysis based on pulp and seed quality.