Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Petrology of basement rocks from Palmer Ridge, NE Atlantic

A detailed petrographic account is given of the basalts and dolerites, gabbros, amphibolites, breccias and serpentinites dredged from Palmer Ridge in the NE Atlantic, accompanied by chemical analyses of rocks and electron probe analyses of minerals. Radiometric dates on the rocks are reported. The preliminary conclusions about the geological history and structure of Palmer Ridge have been confirmed and strengthened, and certain petrological problems, in particular the physical conditions under which the amphibolites were metamorphosed, are raised.
A Comprehensive Update of Cerebral Organoids between Applications and Challenges

The basic technology of stem cells has been developed and created organoids, which have established a strong interest in regenerative medicine. Different cell types have been used to generate cerebral organoids, which include interneurons and oligodendrocytes (OLs). OLs are fundamental for brain development. Abundant studies have displayed that brain organoids can recapitulate fundamental and vital features of the human brain, such as cellular regulation and distribution, neuronal networks, electrical activities, and physiological structure. The organoids contain essential ventral brain domains and functional cortical interneurons, which are similar to the developing cortex and medial ganglionic eminence (MGE). So, brain organoids have provided a singular model to study and investigate neurological disorder mechanisms and therapeutics. Furthermore, the blood brain barrier (BBB) organoids modeling contributes to accelerate therapeutic discovery for the treatment of several neuropathologies. In this review, we summarized the advances of the brain organoids applications to investigate neurological disorder mechanisms such as neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, mental disorders, brain cancer, and cerebral viral infections. We discussed brain organoids' therapeutic application as a potential therapeutic unique method and highlighted in detail the challenges and hurdles of organoid models.
Effect of attentional focus on squats on lactate production and rating of perceived exertion in trained men

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of internal focus (IF) and external focus (EF) on lactate production and the perception of perceived exertion in the squat in strength trained-men. Methods: Thirteen men with experience in strength training (age =22.61 ± 1.19 years; height = 180 ± 6.55 cm; body mass = 79.38 ± 5.57 kg; BMI = 24.56 ± 2.11 kg·m-2; Squat = 129 ± 20 kg) performed two sessions, separated by one week, comprising 3 sets of 10 repetitions of the back squat with one minute of rest between sets. During the IF protocol participants were instructed to focus on tightening the quads during all repetitions, while participants in the EF were instructed to focus on lifting the barbell. Blood lactate samples were collected before and at immediately after each of the 3 sets, as well as 15 minutes after the last set. Additionally, the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was evaluated using the OMNI-RES scale immediately after the completion of each session. Results: Significant increases were found in the IF protocol at the end of each of the 3 sets, with significant effect sizes (1ª set, P= .000, d= 2.66; 2ª set, P= .000; d= 3.14; 3ª set, P= .000, d= 3.50), as in the EF protocol (1ª set, P= .001, d= 2.24; 2ª set, P= .000, d= 3.35; 3ª set, P= .000; d= 3.67). However, there were no significant inter-group differences between pre and any set (1ª set, P=0.951, d=0.03; 2ª set, P=0.239, d=0.47; 3ª set, P=0.435, d=0.31, respectively). Additionally, the perceptions on the RPE scale were higher in the FI (P= 0.032; d = 0.47). Conclusions: Findings suggest that the application of IF may indirectly contribute to muscle hypertrophy in multi-joint lower limb exercises, due to the increase in RPE values and the existing correlation with lactate production. Keywords: Mind-muscle, muscle hypertrophy, internal focus, mind-muscle connection, resistance training
The Effects of 3D Custom Foot Orthotics with Mechanical Plantar Stimulation in Older Individuals with Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Study

Recent scientific evidence supports the idea that foot plantar stimulation increases the functional connectivity of brain regions involved in visuo-spatial and sensory-motor integration. In this before–after, non-randomised intervention study we assessed the change in several gait and postural parameters using inertial sensor measurements after acute plantar stimulation using custom 3D-printed insoles. The pilot study was performed on 22 institutionalised, older individuals with a high comorbidity burden who either walked autonomously or with the help of a cane. The intensity of the effects in the first mechanical plantar stimulation session (at one week) strongly predicted a change in the 180° turn duration (p < 0.05) and the standard deviation of the step duration (p < 0.05) during the timed up-and-go test. Based on these effects, researchers also predicted decreases in some postural parameters such as the root mean square of displacement on the anterior–posterior axis (p < 0.01). Thus, these preliminary findings provide a strong rationale for performing controlled clinical trials with larger samples to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of mechanical plantar stimulation in frail elderly individuals.
Generalized Fourier transforms for nonlinear systems

A simple generalization is presented of the usual Fourier transforms using generalized exponential and Fourier series developed previously for nonlinear systems. The expressions are given in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions in a form as close as possible to the Fourier transform. There is a pair of transforms for each value of the Jacobi parameter m. Simple applications are presented, one of which gives the generalized Yukawa potential and another that gives the generalized Breit–Wigner potential: Both correspond to the generalized Klein–Gordon equation.
Physical Activity, Sleep Patterns and Diet Habits as Well as the Prevalence of Obesity among Adolescents: A Cross Sectional Study from Ha’il City in Saudi Arabia

Obesity is expected to increase in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the physical activity, sleep patterns and diet habits as well as the prevalence of obesity among adolescents from Ha’il City. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1598 adolescent students (663 males and 935 females) aged 12–15 years who were randomly selected from different schools in Ha’il. Body mass index (BMI) was used to classify participants as underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese (class and class II). Moreover, physical activity, sleep patterns and diet habits were recorded. The prevalence of obesity was 52.1%. Obesity is significantly more prevalent in females compared to males (62.9% vs. 36.59%, p < 0.001). Moreover, students in the third grade are the most obese in comparison with the first and the second educational level (p < 0.001). Additionally, students aged 15 years old are the most obese compared to 12 years, 13 years and 14 years (p < 0.001). Additionally, the results showed that students who suffer from obesity eat food when they feel higher stress and tension scores and that they do not eat their meals regularly. Additionally, 79% of those who eat fried food daily are obese. It was reported that 61.1% of students in this study were physically inactive. Furthermore, 58.4% of students have a higher proportion of insufficient sleeping duration (>7 h per night) (p < 0.001). This increased rate of obesity is higher in females compared to males and it was related to inactivity as well as perturbed sleep and eating habits. Therefore, we recommend an obesity prevention program including health education in Ha’il City, KSA.
Radiomic Features Applied to Contrast Enhancement Spectral Mammography: Possibility to Predict Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes in a Non-Invasive Manner

We aimed to investigate the association between the radiomic features of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) images and a specific receptor pattern of breast neoplasms. In this single-center retrospective study, we selected patients with neoplastic breast lesions who underwent CESM before a biopsy and surgical assessment between January 2013 and February 2022. Radiomic analysis was performed on regions of interest selected from recombined CESM images. The association between the features and each evaluated endpoint (ER, PR, Ki-67, HER2+, triple negative, G2–G3 expressions) was investigated through univariate logistic regression. Among the significant and highly correlated radiomic features, we selected only the one most associated with the endpoint. From a group of 321 patients, we enrolled 205 malignant breast lesions. The median age at the exam was 50 years (interquartile range (IQR) 45–58). NGLDM_Contrast was the only feature that was positively associated with both ER and PR expression (p-values = 0.01). NGLDM_Coarseness was negatively associated with Ki-67 expression (p-value = 0.02). Five features SHAPE Volume(mL), SHAPE_Volume(vx), GLRLM_RLNU, NGLDM_Busyness and GLZLM_GLNU were all positively and significantly associated with HER2+; however, all of them were highly correlated. Radiomic features of CESM images could be helpful to predict particular molecular subtypes before a biopsy.
Surface waves of large amplitude beneath an elastic sheet. Part 2. Galerkin solution

This study continues the work of Forbes (1986) on periodic waves beneath an elastic sheet floating on the surface of an infinitely deep fluid. The solution is sought as a Fourier series with coefficients that are computed numerically. Waves of extremely large amplitude are found to exist, and results are presented for waves belonging to several different nonlinear solution branches, characterized by different numbers of inflexion points in the wave profiles. The existence of multiple solutions, conjectured in the previous paper (Forbes 1986), is confirmed here by direct numerical computation.
CURER: A Lightweight Cable-Driven Compliant Upper Limb Rehabilitation Exoskeleton Robot

Upper limb exoskeletons show promise for improving functionalities required for stroke patients. Despite recent progress, most of current upper limb rehabilitation devices are still bulky, heavy, and less compliant to be applied. This article presents a cable-driven compliant upper limb rehabilitation exoskeleton robot (CURER) with a lightweight frame and comfortable human–robot interaction. A modular series elastic actuator (SEA) was designed to provide controlled torque for each active robotic joint, and Bowden cables were applied to transfer controlled torque to distal joints. A six-bar double parallelogram mechanism was designed to implement 3 active degrees of freedom (DOFs) of a shoulder. An actuated elbow with 1 DOF and a wrist with a passive DOF were also developed for CURER. The anthropomorphic shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints can minimize misalignment between human upper limbs and the robot. The length of anthropomorphic arm was adjustable for a wide range of users. It can apply up to a 33 N·m torque in shoulder flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, intra/extra rotation, and elbow flexion/extension, with a range of 7.6–8.0 Hz position bandwidth in each actuation. CURER has a large range of motion and can provide accurate torque control for stroke patients’ requirements. Besides, a comprehensive rehabilitation strategy including robot-in-charge mode and human-in-charge mode was developed for different recovery stages. Experiments carried out on CURER actuation units demonstrated good position and impedance control performance. Finally, a virtual reality training system was developed to assist the subjects to accomplish upper limb rehabilitation efficiently.
Assessment of Pristine Carbon Nanotubes Toxicity in Rodent Models

Carbon nanotubes are increasingly used in nanomedicine and material chemistry research, mostly because of their small size over a large surface area. Due to their properties, they are very attractive candidates for use in medicine and as drug carriers, contrast agents, biological platforms, and so forth. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may affect many organs, directly or indirectly, so there is a need for toxic effects evaluation. The main mechanisms of toxicity include oxidative stress, inflammation, the ability to damage DNA and cell membrane, as well as necrosis and apoptosis. The research concerning CNTs focuses on different animal models, functionalization, ways of administration, concentrations, times of exposure, and a variety of properties, which have a significant effect on toxicity. The impact of pristine CNTs on toxicity in rodent models is being increasingly studied. However, it is immensely difficult to compare obtained results since there are no standardized tests. This review summarizes the toxicity issues of pristine CNTs in rodent models, as they are often the preferred model for human disease studies, in different organ systems, while considering the various factors that affect them. Regardless, the results showed that the majority of toxicological studies using rodent models revealed some toxic effects. Even with different properties, carbon nanotubes were able to generate inflammation, fibrosis, or biochemical changes in different organs. The problem is that there are only a small amount of long-term toxicity studies, which makes it impossible to obtain a good understanding of later effects. This article will give a greater overview of the situation on toxicity in many organs. It will allow researchers to look at the toxicity of carbon nanotubes in a broader context and help to identify studies that are missing to properly assess toxicity.
Design of circular coded target and its application to optical 3D-measurement

The coded target design is geometrically constructed only of circular elements, i.e. circular marked point, circular reference point and circular coding points. Marked point is surrounded by a reference point and some coding points with bit position at equally spaced angular interval. The circular radius of the reference point is bigger than that of coding points. Marked point represents the point location itself. Reference point provides a start bit for coding points. Coding points provide robust identification of the target anti-clockwise, starting from reference point. The design method provides a sufficient number of identification points by introducing a reference point. Finally, the application of the proposed coded targets to 3D data registration is described. Experimental results show that the developed coded targets are independent to location, rotation and change of scale, and the marked points are easily and accurately detected.
Prediction of imaging performance of immersion lithography using high refractive index fluid

A hyper-NA lithography tool is used in production of the latest devices. In the next generation immersion lithography, issues that had so for neglected had to be considered because NA of illumination optics is larger than conventional tools. Here, items were listed up for accurate prediction of imaging by optical simulation. These were transmittance of illumination rays to the mask, mask induced effects such as polarization and aberration, and pellicle induced effect. These were depending on incident angle. Therefore consideration of angle dependency of these effects was necessary for more accurate imaging simulation. We presented the requirements for simulation to facilitate discussion of the imaging performance of below 40 nm hp pattern node immersion lithography.
#StopAsianHate: A Content Analysis of Public Library Statements Released in Response to Anti-Asian Hate

ABSTRACT With the recent rise in anti-Asian hate incidents, many Asian American communities have been living in a state of uncertainty and fear. In contrast to the harmful rhetoric that has arguably contributed to such acts of hate, some organizations have issued statements in support of Asian American communities. This study seeks to examine the role and potential impact of statements from public libraries in responding to anti-Asian hate. Content analysis was used to identify the themes found in public library statements, the percentage of libraries that actually released statements, and when the statements were released. Some notable themes from the statements include solidarity with Asian American communities, condemnation of hate incidents, providing information resources, the history of anti-Asian racism, and a commitment to EDI (equity, diversity, and inclusion) and social justice. The study describes how the overall lack of public library statements and the timing of the statements may affect the stakeholder relationship between Asian Americans and public libraries. In addition, ALA’s ninth principle in its Code of Ethics is used as a framing tool to point out how public libraries can focus on advocacy, awareness, education, and collaboration when creating statements in response to future hate incidents.
Learning of Akidah Akhlak Using Smart Wheel Media at MTS Surya Buana Malang City

This study aims to describe the learning process of Akidah Akhlak using Smart Wheel as the media, and the implementation of Smart Wheel media. This Research carried out by using a qualitative approach, through cases study type of research. Subject of the research are Akidah Akhlak teacher and 8th graders students, the research was taken in Madrasah Tsanawiyah Surya Buana in Malang City. The data collection techniques are observation, interview, and documentation, as for the results: First, the teacher makes or prepares list of questions. Second, students spin the wheel until stops. Third, students see the questions or commands in each column, then students answer the question based on where the arrow’s stop, and the last step is the teacher gives grade to students from 0-100 based on the students answer. This smart wheel media makes students interested in Aqidah Akhlak class and encourage a creative sense in KD 3.2 which is about commendable morality for themselves, through the smart wheel media in learning Akidah Akhlak. Students are very enthusiastic and the teacher easily conveys the material by using the smart wheel media
Rarely Observed Phase Transitions in a Novel Lyotropic Liquid Crystal System

This Letter presents neutron diffraction data from a novel, biologically relevant, lyotropic membrane system which is highly alignable (#1.0± mosaic) in a magnetic field and gives rise to a number of welldefined Bragg reflections. The system, composed of two different phosphorylcholine lipids, undergoes a rare nematic ! smectic phase transition upon doping the system with paramagnetic ions (e.g., 2.7 wt % Tm31). In addition, the isotropic phase occurs at a lower temperature than the smectic phase, in contrast to other lyotropic systems and in contrast to the phase behavior predicted by the McMillan model [Phys. Rev. A 4, 1238 (1971)] of smectic ordering. [S0031-9007(96)02290-9]
Stereolithography of Semiconductor Silver and Acrylic-Based Nanocomposites

Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) attract the attention of researchers and industry because of their potential properties in widespread fields. Specifically, electrically conductive and semiconductor PNCs are gaining interest as promising materials for biomedical, optoelectronic and sensing applications, among others. Here, metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are extensively used as nanoadditives to increase the electrical conductivity of mere acrylic resin. As the in situ formation of metallic NPs within the acrylic matrix is hindered by the solubility of the NP precursors, we propose a method to increase the density of Ag NPs by using different intermediate solvents, allowing preparation of Ag/acrylic resin nanocomposites with improved electrical behaviour. We fabricated 3D structures using stereolithography (SLA) by dissolving different quantities of metal precursor (AgClO4) in methanol and in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and adding these solutions to the acrylic resin. The high density of Ag NPs obtained notably increases the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites, reaching the semiconductor regime. We analysed the effect of the auxiliary solvents during the printing process and the implications on the mechanical properties and the degree of cure of the fabricated nanocomposites. The good quality of the materials prepared by this method turn these nanocomposites into promising candidates for electronic applications.
A Novel Preanalytical Strategy Enabling Application of a Colorimetric Nanoaptasensor for On-Site Detection of AFB1 in Cattle Feed

Aflatoxin contamination of cattle feed is responsible for serious adverse effects on animal and human health. A number of approaches have been reported to determine aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in a variety of feed samples using aptasensors. However, rapid analysis of AFB1 in these matrices remains to be addressed in light of the complexity of the preanalytical process. Herein we describe an optimization on the preanalytical stage to minimize the sample processing steps required to perform semi-quantitative colorimetric detection of AFB1 in cattle feed using a gold nanoparticle-based aptasensor (nano-aptasensor). The optical behavior of the nano-aptasensor was characterized in different organics solvents, with acetonitrile showing the least interference on the activity of the nan-aptasensor. This solvent was selected as the extractant agent for AFB1-containing feed, allowing for the first time, direct colorimetric detection from the crude extract (detection limit of 5 µg/kg). Overall, these results lend support to the application of this technology for the on-site detection of AFB1 in the dairy sector.
An experimental study of the turbulent transverse jet

An experimental study that examines the mean flow properties of the turbulent transverse jet using Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) is reported. This study examines various jet flows over a range of Reynolds numbers based upon jet velocity and diameter. Within this range it is documented that mean flow fields, identified as alternate mean flow states, other than the symmetric vortex pair exist. These alternate flow states are characterized by unsteadiness, asymmetry, and multiple streamwise vortices. Flow visualization shows that these alternate flow states are formed during initial jet roll-up, and persist far downstream without developing into the (expected) vortex pair. A map of the domain of existence, in velocity ratio - Reynolds number space, of these alternate states is provided, and a discussion of the underlying physics is included. With this new understanding, selected symmetric jet flows at velocity ratios of 5, 10, and 20 are generated and studied using DPIV. The mean flow is quantified through measurements of vortex circulation, size, and impulse, and the relationship of these properties to the (initial) jet momentum flux is examined.