Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Viable Bacteria Present within Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tissue

ABSTRACT Despite increasing interest in the possible relationships between bacteria and the different stages of cancer development, the association of bacteria with cancer of the oral cavity has yet to be adequately examined. With that in mind, the primary objective of this study was to identify any bacterial species within oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue using a standard microbiological culture approach. At the time of surgery, a 1-cm3 portion of tissue was harvested from deep within the tumor mass using a fresh blade for each cut. Whenever possible, “superficial” portions from the mucosa overlying the tumor and nontumorous control specimens from at least 5 cm away from the primary tumor site were also obtained. Surface contamination was eliminated by immersion in Betadine and washing with phosphate-buffered saline. Each specimen was aseptically macerated and cultured on nonselective media under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Twenty deep-tissue specimens, 19 with corresponding superficial tissues and 12 with control tissues, were successfully processed. A diversity of bacterial taxa were isolated and identified, including several putatively novel species. Most isolates were found to be saccharolytic and acid-tolerant species. Notably, some species were isolated only from either the tumorous or nontumorous tissue type, indicating a degree of restriction. Successful surface decontamination of the specimens indicates that the bacteria detected were from within the tissue. A diversity of bacterial groups have been isolated from within oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue. The significance of these bacteria within the tumor warrants further study.
One-Seeded Fruits in the Core Caryophyllales: Their Origin and Structural Diversity

The core Caryophyllales consist of approximately 30 families (12 000 species) distributed worldwide. Many members evolved one-seeded or conjoined fruits, but their origin and structural diversity have not been investigated. A comparative anatomical investigation of the one-seeded fruits within the core Caryophyllales was conducted. The origin of the one-seeded fruits and the evolutionary reconstructions of some carpological characters were traced using a tree based on rbcl and matK data in order to understand the ancestral characters and their changes. The one-seeded fruit type is inferred to be an ancestral character state in core Caryophyllales, with a subsequent increase in the seed number seen in all major clades. Most representatives of the ‘Earlier Diverging’ clade are distinguished in various carpological traits. The organization of the pericarp is diverse in many groups, although fruits with a dry, many-layered pericarp, consisting of sclerenchyma as outer layers and a thin-walled parenchyma below, with seeds occupying a vertical embryo position, are likely ancestral character states in the core Caryophyllales clade. Several carpological peculiarities in fruit and seed structure were discovered in obligate one-seeded Achatocarpaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Seguieriaceae and Sarcobataceae. The horizontal embryo evolved in only certain groups of Chenopodiaceae. The bar-thickening of endotegmen cells appears to be an additional character typical of core Caryophyllales. The syncarpy-to-lysicarpy paradigm in Caryophyllaceae needs to be reinterpreted.
Range Trees with variable length comparisons

In this paper we introduce a new data structure for address lookup, a new tree structure which improves on the existing Range Trees allowing shorter comparisons than the address width. The proposed scheme shares among multiple concurrent comparisons common address prefixes and suffixes and also omits address parts not required for computing a next node branch. In so doing, for a given memory bandwidth, we achieve a larger number of concurrent comparisons than the original Range Tree. This results in less memory accesses and lower latency per lookup. Performance scales better as the address width and the number of address ranges increase. We describe the rules employed to construct the proposed structure and offer two heuristics which generate the “configuration” of the decision tree given a set of address ranges. The proposed Range Tree with variable-length comparisons (RT-VLC) has up to 50% less tree-levels than the original Range Tree and its memory requirements are 50% to 2× that of a linear search approach.
Special effect simulation in virtual battlefield environment

Modeling and rendering special phenomena in virtual battlefield environment has proved difficult with the existing techniques of computer graphics. A method for special effect modeling and simulation by using particle system is proposed. In order to simplify the simulation of various special effects, we first design a general model of particle system by capturing common features of various effects and carefully structuring them into the model's composition. With its flexibility, the model is easy to manipulate and extend, form the base of all special effects simulation. Then, memory optimization technique and level of detail are adopted to improve the general model's efficiency. Finally, concrete special effects simulation examples by using the model are discussed to test its efficiency. The model can be reuse in different effects simulation with little modification, making it an efficient way to create various convincing special effects in virtual battlefield environment.
Comparative study of data fusion algorithms in P300 Based BCI

Brain-Computer interfaces (BCI) research aims at developing systems that help those disabled people communicating through the use of computers and their brain waves. The BCI researchers put most of their effort on developing new algorithms to improve the speed and accuracy of the prediction mechanisms in BCI applications. For that reason, this study is examine the four combination methods that used for aggregate information form several trials. These methods include Summing Scores, Ensemble Average, Bayesian theory and Dempster Shafer. The main purpose of this study is to improve the speed of prediction mechanism with keep a good classification accuracy. This study was applied on able and disable subjects. Our study result show that the performance of four methods is comparable on able subjects. But the Dempster shafer theory appears best in performance for disabled subjects.
Japanese-Chinese Phrase Alignment Exploiting Shared Chinese Characters

Common Chinese characters between Japanese and Chinese have been proved to be effective in Japanese-Chinese phrase alignment. Besides common Chinese characters, Japanese and Chinese also share many other semantically equivalent Chinese characters. However, there are no available resources for this kind of Chinese characters. In this paper, we propose a statistical method aiming to detect these Chinese characters which we call statistically equivalent Chinese characters. We exploit statistically equivalent Chinese characters together with common Chinese characters in a joint phrase alignment model. Experimental results show that our approach achieves over 1 point lower AER and 1 BLEU increase comparing to the baseline system.
Testosterone replacement in the infertile man

Hypogonadism is a common clinical condition affecting men of different age groups. In addition to its sexual consequences, it has several implications posing significant concerns for a man’s health and well-being. Recent advances in testosterone (T) supplementation have facilitated hypogonadism treatment. Despite that, patients complaining of infertility or seeking conception are still hindered by the unfavorable effects supplemental T has on testicular function. Consequently, alternative approaches that can stimulate endogenous T production are favored. Selective estrogen receptor modulators, gonadotropins and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) can be successful in restoring serum T levels, preserving fertility, and providing symptomatic relief.
Precision measurements with polar molecules: the role of the black body radiation

In the perspective of the outstanding developments of high-precision measurements of fundamental constants using polar molecules related to ultimate checks of fundamental theories, we investigate the possibly counterproductive role of black-body radiation on a series of diatomic molecules which would be trapped and observed for long durations. We show that the absorption of black-body radiation at room temperature may indeed limit the lifetime of trapped molecules prepared in a well-defined quantum state. Several examples are treated, corresponding to pure rotational absorption, pure vibrational absorption or both. We also investigate the role of a black-body radiation-induced energy shift on molecular levels and how it could affect high-precision frequency measurements.
A Comparison of Demodulation Techniquesfor Code Time Division Multiple

| Demodulation techniques for the multiple accessing scheme Code Time Division Multiple Access are compared. To simplify the demodulator it is divided into two parts, a despreader and a user separator. For despreading it is shown that a sequence aperiodic inverse lter is preferred over the sequence matched lter. For user separation the performance of a channel matched lter, a decision-feedback equalizer, linear minimum-mean square error lters, the hard-output Viterbi Algorithm and the Forward-Backward Algorithm are compared in terms of cut-oo rate. The resulting curves quantify the performance improvement attained by using more powerful algorithms .
Antimicrobial Stewardship: The Need to Cover All Bases

Increasing antimicrobial resistance has necessitated an approach to guide the use of antibiotics. The necessity to guide antimicrobial use via stewardship has never been more urgent. The decline in anti-infective innovation and the failure of currently available antimicrobials to treat some serious infections forces clinicians to change those behaviors that drive antimicrobial resistance. The majority of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs function in acute-care hospitals, however, hospitals are only one setting where antibiotics are prescribed. Antimicrobial use is also high in residential aged care facilities and in the community. Prescribing in aged care is influenced by the fact that elderly residents have lowered immunity, are susceptible to infection and are frequently colonized with multi-resistant organisms. While in the community, prescribers are faced with public misconceptions about the effectiveness of antibiotics for many upper respiratory tract illnesses. AMS programs in all of these locations must be sustainable over a long period of time in order to be effective. A future with effective antimicrobials to treat bacterial infection will depend on AMS covering all of these bases. This review discusses AMS in acute care hospitals, aged care and the community and emphasizes that AMS is critical to patient safety and relies on government, clinician and community engagement.
Effect of quantized electronic states on the dispersive Raman features in individual single-wall carbon nanotubes

This work reports how resonance Raman experiments are used to study details of the electronic structure of individual single-wall carbon nanotubes ~SWNTs! by measuring the phonon spectra and how the quantized electronic structure affects the dispersive Raman features of SWNTs. We focus our analysis on the dispersive D and G8 bands observed in the Raman spectra of isolated semiconducting nanotubes. By using a laser excitation energy of 2.41 eV, we show that both the D-band and G8-band frequencies are dependent on the wave vector kii where the electrons are confined in the one-dimensional subbandi of the electronic structure of SWNTs. By making use of the (n,m) assignment for each tube, we theoretically correlate the observed frequency dependences for the D- and G8-band modes with the electronic structure predicted for each ( n,m) pair and we determine the dependence of v D and v G8 on the diameter and chirality for individual electronic transitions Eii for nanotube bundles. We use the D- and G8-band dependence on electron wave vector k ii to predict the dominant phonon wave vector q selected by the quantum-confined electronic statekii and to explain the anomalous dispersion observed for v D and v G8 in SWNT bundles as a function of laser excitation energy, yielding excellent agreement between experiment and theory.
Supersaturation, dehydration, and denitrification in Arctic cirrus

Abstract. A polar cirrus case study is discussed with the help of a one-dimensional model with explicit aerosol and ice microphysics. It is demonstrated that continuous cooling of air in regions with small amounts of ice and slow ice deposition rates of water vapor drives significant in-cloud supersaturations over ice, with potentially important consequences for heterogeneous halogen activation. Radiatively important cloud properties such as ice crystal size distributions are investigated, showing the presence of high number concentrations of small crystals in the cloud top region at the tropopause, broad but highly variable size spectra in the cloud interior, and mostly large crystals at the cloud base. It is found that weakly forced Arctic cirrostratus are highly efficient at dehydrating upper tropospheric air. Estimating nitric acid uptake in cirrus with an unprecedented treatment of diffusion-limited trapping in growing ice crystals suggests that such clouds could also denitrify upper tropospheric air masses efficiently, but a closer comparison to suitable observations is needed to draw a definite conclusion on this point. It is also shown that low temperatures, high ice supersaturations, and the absence of ice above but close to the cloud top region cause efficient uptake of nitric acid in background aerosol particles.
Using LIDAR doppler velocity data and chaotic oscillatory-based neural network for the forecast of meso-scale wind field

Current research based on various approaches including the use of numerical prediction models, statistical models and machine learning models have provided some encouraging results in the area of long-term weather forecasting. But at the level of meso-scale and even micro-scale severe weather phenomena (involving very short-term chaotic perturbations) such as turbulence and wind shear phenomena, these approaches have not been so successful. This paper focuses on the use of chaotic oscillatory-based neural networks for the study of a meso-scale weather phenomenon, namely, wind shear, a challenging and complex meteorological phenomena which has a vital impact on aviation safety. Using LIDAR data collected at the Hong Kong International Airport via the Hong Kong Observatory, we are able to forecast the Doppler velocities with reasonable accuracy and validate our prediction model. Preliminary results are promising and provide room for further research into its potential for application in aviation forecasting.
Maintaining Nonparametric Estimators over Data Streams

An effective processing and analysis of data streams is of utmost importance for a plethora of emerging applications like network monitoring, traffic management, and financial tickers. In addition to the management of transient and potentially unbounded streams, their analysis with advanced data mining techniques has been identified as a research challenge. A well-established class of mining techniques is based on nonparametric statistics where especially nonparametric density estimation is among the essential building blocks. In this paper, we examine the maintenance of nonparametric estimators over data streams. We present a tailored framework that incrementally maintains a nonparametric estimator over a data stream while consuming only a fixed amount of memory. Our framework is memory-adaptive and therefore, supports a fundamental requirement for an operator within a data stream management system. As an example, we apply our framework to selectivity estimation of range queries, which is a popular use-case for statistical estimators. After providing an analysis of the processing cost, results of experimental comparisons are reported where synthetic data streams as well as real-world ones are considered. Our results demonstrate the accuracy of the results being produced by estimators derived from our framework.
Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) characterization of GaN nanowires grown by Plasma assisted Molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE)

In this work, we have grown GaN nanowires using Plasma assisted Molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) on Si (111) substrate. High resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) characterization and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were carried out to investigate the crystal structure, morphology and uniformity of the grown nanowires. These studies confirm wurtzite crystal structure and uniform growth. The diameter of nanowires was observed to be in the range of 100 - 200 nm with length between 1 - 2 μm. Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) was used in Dual AC Resonance Tracking (DART) mode for imaging the height and phase response from the grown nanowires. A switching spectroscopy PFM (SS-PFM) was employed to measure the piezoresponse from individual nanowires. It shows repetitive Displacement-voltage (D-V) loops at multiple points which demonstrates the defect free and high quality growth. An effective piezoelectric coefficient, d33 in the range of 14 - 20 pm/V was calculated for GaN nanowires. Further, we have also simulated piezoresponse of GaN thin films and nanowires for comparison and confirmed that size dependence (polarization/volume) is a dominant factor for increase in the piezoresponse. This study demonstrates the usability of GaN nanowires for sensing, actuation and energy harvesting for high temperature applications.
Capturing social cues with imaging glasses

Capturing visual social cues in social conversations can prove a difficult task for visually impaired people. Their lack of ability to see facial expressions and body postures expressed by their conversation partners can lead them to misunderstand or misjudge the social situations. This paper presents a system that infers social cues from streaming video recorded by a pair of imaging glasses and feedbacks the inferred social cues to the users. We have implemented the prototype and evaluated the effectiveness and usefulness of the system in real-world conversation situations.
Integrative Bayesian Network Analysis of Genomic Data

Rapid development of genome-wide profiling technologies has made it possible to conduct integrative analysis on genomic data from multiple platforms. In this study, we develop a novel integrative Bayesian network approach to investigate the relationships between genetic and epigenetic alterations as well as how these mutations affect a patient's clinical outcome. We take a Bayesian network approach that admits a convenient decomposition of the joint distribution into local distributions. Exploiting the prior biological knowledge about regulatory mechanisms, we model each local distribution as linear regressions. This allows us to analyze multi-platform genome-wide data in a computationally efficient manner. We illustrate the performance of our approach through simulation studies. Our methods are motivated by and applied to a multi-platform glioblastoma dataset, from which we reveal several biologically relevant relationships that have been validated in the literature as well as new genes that could potentially be novel biomarkers for cancer progression.
Hash Functions 6.1 the Hash Function Sha1

A hash function usually means a function that compresses, meaning the output is shorter than the input. Often, such a function takes an input of arbitrary or almost arbitrary length to one whose length is a fixed number, like 160 bits. Hash functions are used in many parts of cryptography, and there are many different types of hash functions, with differing security properties. We will consider them in this chapter. The hash function known as SHA1 is a simple but strange function from strings of almost arbitrary length to strings of 160 bits. The function was finalized in 1995, when a FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standard) came out from the US National Institute of Standards that specified SHA1. Let {0, 1} <ℓ denote the set of all strings of length strictly less than ℓ. is a very large length, we think of SHA1 as taking inputs of almost arbitrary length. ) It begins by padding the message via the function shapad, and then iterates the compression function sha1 to get its output. The operations used in the algorithms of Fig. 6.1 are described in Fig. 6.2. (The first input in the call to SHF1 in code for SHA1 is a 128 bit string written as a sequence of four 32-bit words, each word being consisting of 8 hexadecimal characters. The same convention holds for the initialization of the variable V in the code of SHF1.) SHA1 is derived from a function called MD4 that was proposed by Ron Rivest in 1990, and the key ideas behind SHA1 are already in MD4. Besides SHA1, another well-known " child " of MD4 is MD5, which was likewise proposed by Rivest. The MD4, MD5, and SHA11 algorithms are all quite similar in structure. The first two produce a 128-bit output, and work by " chaining " a compression function that goes from 512 + 128 bits to 128 bits, while SHA1 produces a 160 bit output and works by chaining a compression function from 512 + 160 bits to 160 bits. So what is SHA1 supposed to do? First and foremost, it is supposed to be the case that nobody can find distinct strings M and M ′ such that SHA1(M) = SHA1(M ′). This property is called collision resistance. Stop for a moment and think about the collision-resistance requirement, for it is really quite amazing to think that such a thing could be …
Iterative Registration of 3 D LADAR Data for Autonomous Navigation 1

This paper describes an iterative algorithm for registration of 3D LADAR data. The proposed approach is iconic in nature with suitable modifications to deal with false/spurious matches, occlusions and outliers. Experimental results using data obtained from field trials on an eXperimental Unmanned Vehicle (XUV) are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the approach. The paper also details ongoing research efforts to determine the feasibility of employing the algorithm for real-time autonomous navigation.
Mobile eye tracking as a basis for real-time control of a gaze driven head-mounted video camera

Eye trackers based on video-oculographic (VOG) methods are a convenient means for oculomotor research. This work focused on the development of a VOG device that allows mobile eye tracking. It was especially designed to support a head-mounted gaze driven camera system presented in a companion paper [Wagner et al. 2006] (see Figure 1). The target applications of such a device can be seen in surgery, medical and behavioral sciences as well as in the documentation and teaching of manual tasks. One major aim was the design of a lightweight head mount at low costs. Since the actuators of the gaze camera require close-to-real-time control, the software was implemented on standard PC-hardware by using well-known VOG algorithms that were optimized for short latencies.
A Dangerous Liaison between Two Major Killers

With 2.9 million and 1.7 million deaths in 2000, the HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis , respectively, again top the infamous WHO list of excess deaths caused by infectious agents ([1][1]; [Fig. 1][2]) . To further worsen the situation, these two pathogens do not operate independently. More than