Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Body Weight Loss on Cardiopulmonary Function Assessed by 6‐Minute Walk Test and Arterial Blood Gas Analysis in Obese Dogs

Background Few studies show the detrimental effect of canine obesity on cardiopulmonary function (CPF). The 6‐Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is a noninvasive exercise test easy to perform in clinical settings. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of obesity and body weight loss (BWL) on CPF assessed by the 6MWT and arterial blood gas analysis. Animals Six experimental Beagles and 9 privately owned obese dogs were enrolled in a diet‐induced BWL program. Methods Arterial blood gas analysis and 6MWT were repeated in obese subjects (BCS 8‐9/9), in the middle of BWL (overweight, BCS 6‐7/9), and in lean dogs (BCS 5/9). Heart rate (HRp) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were measured by pulse oximetry before the 6MWT, at midtest, and during a 5‐minute recovery period. Results Twelve dogs completed the BWL program (initial BW, 27.3 ± 2.9 kg; final BW, 20.85 ± 2.9, lsmeans ± SE, P ≤ .001). BWL caused a significant increase in 6MWT walked distance (WD; obese: 509 ± 35 m; overweight: 575 ± 36 m; lean: 589 ± 36 m; P ≤ .05). Resting arterial blood gas results were not influenced by BWL. Including all time points, obese dogs showed higher HRp and lower SpO2 compared to overweight and lean dogs. SpO2 at the end of the walk was significantly lower in obese dogs. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Obesity negatively affects 6MWT performances in dogs. The 6MWT may be used to demonstrate the efficacy of BWL to improve CPF and quality of life in obese dogs. Although BWL induced significant improvement of cardiopulmonary parameters before ideal BW, WD improved until the end of the BWL program.
Population Pressure and Other Factors Affecting Net Rural-Urban Migration

return a chi square of 41.30, convertible to P < . 001. Our second hypothesis cannot, then, be reasonably rejected. The subjects who restructured the system, in that they abrogated authority, found the performance of their status obligation capable of being postponed six times as often as those affirming authority. (See Table 3.) In the control group seven in ten held their duty non-postponable (Figure 1, Item A-3), but only a fourth of the experimental group did likewise (Item B-4). These results are in keeping with our third hypothesis: for reallocation to take place smoothly, the structural change will be apperceptively eased by the individual's belief in a temporary suspension of institutionalized behavior. The subjects who obeyed authority tended to believe the offending students would be absent again if they escaped punishment the first time. But about the same proportion of those disobeying reasoned that the violators would not be delinquent again if they were not punished for their present offense. Only a small proportion of the experimental groupthe 26 percent adopting B-4 as a responsethought the offenders would be recidivists. Still a smaller segment of the controls felt they would have no trouble with the violators in the future. Hence, the person who contravenes a status norm reasons, "It is only this once, but not again. " The future is considered bright. It will allow a return to established ways. He who feels he must enact his role tends to do so in the conviction that a single defection is fruitless. In his mind, as it were, the future is entirely compromised unless social expectations are honored. One violation will only lead to repeated violations, and it is this that cannot be tolerated. Computed CR values for the differences between groups here are 12.85 and 8.87 (Table 3). Like those in connection with the earlier hypotheses, these are significant beyond the . 0001 level. Chi-square analysis of these data shows them strongly corroborative.
Competition in the Financial Sector: Overview of Competition Policies

As in other sectors, competition in finance matters for allocative, productive and dynamic efficiency. Theory suggests, however, that unfettered competition is not first best given the special features of finance. I review these analytics and describe how to assess the degree of competition in markets for financial services. Existing research shows that the degree of competition greatly varies across markets, largely driven by barriers to entry and exit. I argue that changes in financial services industries require updated competition policies and institutional arrangements, but that practices still fall short. Furthermore, I show that developing countries face some specific competition challenges.
Study on data-fuzzy-based ALV lateral controller design and experiments

Autonomous land vehicle is a complex, nonlinear and uncertain system. At present, one of the key problems in the researching field of ALV is the lack of robustness in motion control. In order to solve this problem, the kinematics model of ALV was presented at first in this paper. Then based on fuzzy logical system of "data-fuzzy", a lateral controller of Mamdani reasoning system for ALV was designed. The design of the controller utilized not only the in-out data information but also the language information generated by expertise, so the controller designed have a better performance, and can accommodate a wide range of velocity and different conditions of the road. The experiment results show that the controller designed has enough robustness, and can make ALV follow reference paths quickly and accurately.
The HYPERREAL Design System

This paper presents a novel mixed reality (MR) system for virtually modifying (e.g., denting, engraving, swelling) shape of real objects by using projection of computer-generated shade. Users of this system, which we call HYPERREAL, perceive as if the real object is actually being deformed when they operate the system to modify the shape of the object while only the illumination pattern of the real object is changed. The authors are aiming to apply this technology to product designing field: designers would be able to evaluate and modify form of their product more efficiently and effectively in an intuitive manner using HYPERREAL than conventional design process (typically, computer aided design, or CAD, systems and solid mock-ups) since the system is able to provide users with actuality/presence of real mock-up and flexibility of shape data on a computer system, such as CAD system, all at once.
Successful Coil Embolization of Circumflex Iliac Artery Pseudoaneurysms Following Paracentesis

Abdominal paracentesis complicated by perforation of a penetrating arterial branch is an extremely rare complication. We report 2 patients who presented with abdominal wall pseudoaneurysms following abdominal paracentesis for the evaluation and treatment of their hepatic dysfunction. We subsequently review the treatment modalities and interventions performed in each case.
[Topical administration of hydralazine hydrochloride on the viability of randon skin flaps in rats].

PURPOSE Assess the effect of hydralazine hydrochloride, for iontophoresis, on the viability of random skin flaps in rats. METHODS Sixty Wistar rats was randonly destributed in 4 groups (n=15), these animals was submited as randon dorsal skin flaps as cranial base with measure 10 x 4 cm. The animals from group 1 was utilized as control, in group 2 was submitted to direct current o 4mA-20' immediately after the surgery and on the two subsequent days. In group 3 the stimulation eletric simulation with hydralazine hydrochloride. In group 4 iontophorese with hydralazine hydrochloride 4mA-20'. The analysis of the results was made on the seventh day post operative and interpreted with test non parametric of Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTS and the necrotic area stayed fixed in: group 1=45%; group 2=39%; group 3=46% and group 4=41%, being the statistical analysis did not evidenced any significant. CONCLUSION The hydralazine hydrochloride when taken for iontophorese was not efficacious in reduce the necrotic area.
Control of mitochondrial respiration in the heart in vivo

The role of the hydrolysis products of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi), in the control of myocardial respiration was evaluated in vivo using 31P NMR. These studies were conducted to evaluate whether increases in the ATP hydrolysis products can be detected through the cardiac cycle or during increases in cardiac work. 31P NMR data acquisitions gated to various portions of the cardiac cycle (50 msec time resolution) revealed that cytosolic ATP, ADP and Pi did not change over the course of the cardiac cycle. These metabolites were also monitored during steady-state increases in cardiac work in conjunction with measurements of coronary blood flow and oxygen consumption. No changes were observed during 2 to 3 fold increases in myocardial oxygen consumption induced by various methods. These results demonstrate that the cytosolic ATP, ADP, and Pi concentrations remain relatively constant throughout the cardiac cycle and during physiological increases in cardiac work and oxygen consumption. Furthermore, it is shown that ADP and Pi cannot be solely responsible for the regulation of cardiac respiration in vivo based on the in vitro Km values of these compounds for oxidative phosphorylation. It is concluded that other mechanisms, working in concert with the simple kinetic feedback of ATP hydrolysis products, must be present in the cytosol to provide control of myocardial respiration in vivo.
Essays in labor economics: Work -related migration and its effect on poverty reduction and educational attainment in Nepal

MIKHAIL BONTCH-OSMOLOVSKI: Essays in Labor Economics: Work-related Migration and its Effect on Poverty Reduction and Educational Attainment in Nepal. (Under the direction of Thomas Mroz.) This dissertation is composed of two self-contained essays, which are concerned with the effects of work-related migration in Nepal on the outcomes of households with migrants. In the first essay, I evaluate the impact of work-related migration of adult males on the educational attainment of their children. I develop a framework of household decision-making and estimate migration decision and enrollment outcomes jointly under several sets of assumptions. I use lagged level of migrant networks as instrumental variables to identify selection of the migrants within the household. I find that migration of a father increases the probability of enrollment of his children in school by 16% points on average. In the second essay (co-authored with Michael Lokshin) we measure the impact of local and international work-related migration on poverty in Nepal. We apply an instrumental variable approach to deal with nonrandom selection of migrants and simulate various scenarios for the different levels of work-related migration, comparing observed and counterfactual household expenditure distribution. Our results indicate that one fifth of the poverty reduction in Nepal occurring between 1995 and 2004 can be attributed to higher levels of work-related migration and remittances sent home. We also show that while the increase in international work-related migration was the leading cause of this poverty reduction, domestic migration also played an important role. Our findings demonstrate that strategies for economic growth and poverty reduction in Nepal should consider aspects of the dynamics of domestic and international migration.
CYP2C19 genotype and cardiovascular events.

To the Editor: The recent meta-analysis by Dr Holmes and colleagues concluding that CYP2C19 genotype is not a significant predictor of clinical outcomes in patients treated with clopidogrel contrasts with a previous meta-analysis and a large body of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evidence, including a genome-wide association study. The authors cite small-study bias and inability to evaluate effect modification in treatment-only studies as reasons underlying the discrepant findings. An alternative interpretation is that CYP2C19 genotype is an important predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes for patients with coronary stents treated with clopidogrel. CYP2C19 may be less important for patients taking clopidogrel for other indications, particularly those in which the drug has a smaller overall effect on outcomes. This explanation is consistent with the meta-analysis by Mega et al, which analyzed studies predominantly in patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and with the subanalysis by Holmes et al, in which there was a significant effect of CYP2C19 genotype on stent thrombosis. This effect might have been even more apparent if studies in which stent thrombosis was the primary end point were not excluded. With regard to small-study bias, sample size is not a determinant of effect size, only the variance around the estimate. Moreover, the smaller studies included in the meta-analysis tended to be those including a higher proportion of patients with stents, in whom clopidogrel is more likely to be effective. In addition, according to the null hypothesis, we would expect there to be 20 times more nonsignificant studies than positive studies, with the positive studies equally likely to show significant associations in either direction. This degree of publication bias seems unlikely. In his Editorial, Dr Nissen accused the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of “irrational exuberance” in mandating the addition of a boxed warning on clopidogrel pharmacogenetics. The warning pertains specifically to patients who are poor metabolizers (CYP2C19 loss-offunction homozygotes) undergoing PCI. Because all of the analyses except for 1 performed by Holmes et al combined heterozygotes and homozygotes (heterozygotes outnumber homozygotes by at least 5 to 1), the study provided no basis for this accusation by Nissen. Nissen calls for a prospective randomized trial before clinicians adopt CYP2C19 genetics into everyday practice. We contend that until the results of such studies are available, clinicians must evaluate the full body of evidence and use their best clinical judgment to decide which patients may benefit from genetic testing. Other directives may be denying patients access to potentially life-saving individualized alternative therapies.
An enjoyment metric for the evaluation of alternate reality games

Alternate Reality Games layer a fictional world over the real world in order to provide players with a location-based interactive narrative experience. Building off previous work on game flow and enjoyment metrics in games, we present a metric based on the key elements that empirical studies suggest make for enjoyable ARG gameplay. We empirically validate our metric and call out key elements of ARGs that are most likely to have bearing on the success of a game.
Maternally Reported Food Allergies and Other Food-Related Health Problems in Infants: Characteristics and Associated Factors

OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to identify the frequency, demographics, and diagnostic characteristics associated with maternally reported food allergies and other food-related health problems among infants aged ≤1 year. METHODS. We analyzed data from the 2005–2007 Infant Feeding Practices Study II, a longitudinal survey of 2441 US mothers of healthy singletons from pregnancy through their infant's first year. Doctor diagnosis and symptoms-based criteria were used to identify a probable-food-allergic group from maternal reports of infant health problems with food. RESULTS. More than one fifth of the 2441 mothers reported that their infant had a food-related problem; 6% (n = 143) had a probable food allergy, and 15% (n = 359) had other food-related problems. Forty percent of the infants with a food-related health problem were evaluated by a doctor. Gastrointestinal symptoms were more commonly reported in early infancy compared with skin-related symptoms, which were reported in later infancy, and 27% received medical treatment for the symptoms. Characteristics associated with increased incidence of probable food allergy included family histories of food allergy and type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes, living in rural or urban areas, being black, and being male. Among all infants with a food-related health problem, the majority experienced their first problem by 6 months of age. Foods recognized to be major allergens were most commonly reported as the source of an allergy. CONCLUSIONS. Food-related problems occurred at a high frequency in the first year of life. A better understanding of the demographics, family history, disease manifestations, and diagnoses may provide insight into public health efforts to minimize or prevent food allergies in infancy and to help differentiate food-allergic problems from nonallergic food problems in this age group.
Effects of the CO2 Guest Molecule on the sI Clathrate Hydrate Structure

This paper analyzes the structural, energetic and mechanical properties of carbon dioxide hydrate clathrates calculated using finite cluster and periodic ab initio density-functional theory methodologies. Intermolecular interactions are described by the exchange-hole dipole moment method. The stability, gas saturation energetics, guest–host interactions, cage deformations, vibrational frequencies, and equation of state parameters for the low-pressure sI cubic phase of the CO2@H2O clathrate hydrate are presented. Our results reveal that: (i) the gas saturation process energetically favors complete filling; (ii) carbon dioxide molecules prefer to occupy the larger of the two cages in the sI structure; (iii) blue shifts occur in both the symmetric and antisymmetric stretching frequencies of CO2 upon encapsulation; and (iv) free rotation of guest molecules is restricted to a plane parallel to the hexagonal faces of the large cages. In addition, we calculate the librational frequency of the hindered rotation of the guest molecule in the plane perpendicular to the hexagonal faces. Our calculated spectroscopic data can be used as signatures for the detection of clathrate hydrates in planetary environments.
Differential Extinction of Disgust and Anxiety Among Victims of Sexual Traumatization

Emerging evidence suggests that in addition to fear, traumatic event-related disgust reactions may be integral to understanding the sequelae of sexual traumatization. Importantly, evidence broadly suggests compared to fear, disgust may be resistant to extinction. As such, conditioned disgust reactions may not evidence the same pattern of extinction observed with fear-based reactions. This may have important implications for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As such, the current study sought to fill an important gap in the existing literature by examining specific processes and mechanisms that are likely to affect outcomes of exposure-based interventions following sexual traumatization. Specifically, 72 women with a history of sexual victimization completed a laboratory-based assessment of disgustand fear-based emotional reactivity in response to repeated exposures to disgustand fear-focused idiographic scripts of their traumatic event. Results demonstrated that initial disgust responding was significantly greater than anxiety responding. Anxiety declined significantly across the course of exposure while disgust did not. However, comparison of slopes in disgust and anxiety did not result in significant differences. Theoretical and practical implications as well as directions for future research are discussed.
Transcriptional Maps of 10 Human Chromosomes at 5-Nucleotide Resolution

Sites of transcription of polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated RNAs for 10 human chromosomes were mapped at 5–base pair resolution in eight cell lines. Unannotated, nonpolyadenylated transcripts comprise the major proportion of the transcriptional output of the human genome. Of all transcribed sequences, 19.4, 43.7, and 36.9% were observed to be polyadenylated, nonpolyadenylated, and bimorphic, respectively. Half of all transcribed sequences are found only in the nucleus and for the most part are unannotated. Overall, the transcribed portions of the human genome are predominantly composed of interlaced networks of both poly A+ and poly A– annotated transcripts and unannotated transcripts of unknown function. This organization has important implications for interpreting genotype-phenotype associations, regulation of gene expression, and the definition of a gene.
Audiologists’ knowledge of cochlear implants and their related referrals to the cochlear implant centre: Pilot study findings from UK

Abstract Objective The guidelines for cochlear implantation are well defined and have changed over time with the improvement in technology. The ease with which audiologists can make a referral to a cochlear implant (CI) centre may affect the time it takes before a candidate can gain benefit from a CI. The current service evaluation explores audiologists’ awareness of CIs, and whether this could influence referrals for cochlear implantation in the UK. Method A 31-item questionnaire was developed by the authors, to be completed in about 10 minutes. It was designed to elicit information about the training, experience, and practice of audiologists. The questionnaire was designed based on National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines and questions used in the previous studies reported in the literature. Results The majority of the respondents (97%) agreed that CIs can provide more than just environmental awareness. Almost half of the respondents were confident in determining whether a particular patient meets the guidelines of cochlear implantation in the UK, and in discussing CIs with patients and their families. Audiologists who responded felt that more and regular training in referral criteria, benefits, and outcomes would be beneficial. Discussion The results show a trend that clinical scientists (audiology)/audiologists support cochlear implantation, but due to a lack of training and familiarity, not all are confident in discussing CIs with patients and making an appropriate referral.
Who bullies whom online: A social network analysis of cyberbullying in a school context

Abstract Young adolescents’ online bullying behavior has raised a significant amount of academic attention. Nevertheless, little is known about the social context in which such negative actions occur. The present paper addresses this issue and examines how the patterns of traditional bullying and cyberbullying are related, and how electronic forms of bullying can be linked to the social context at school. To address these questions, social network analysis was applied to examine the networks of social interactions and (cyber)bullying among an entire grade of 1,458 thirteen- to fourteen-year-old pupils. The results show that (1) cyberbullying is an extension of traditional bullying as victims often face the same perpetrators offline and online, (2) there is evidence of mutual cyberbullying among youngsters, and (3) cyberbullying is more likely to occur in same-gender and same-class students. The implications for future research and prevention of cyberbullying are discussed.