Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Present-Day Heat Flow, Thermal History, and Tectonic Subsidenceof the Jianghan Basin

Thermal gradient distribution of the Jianghan Basin is obtained based on systematic steady-state and oil-test temperature data. The present geothermal gradient and terrestrial heat flow of 18 wells are calculated in the Jianghan Basin. A total of 9 measured terrestrial heat flow values are reported based on detailed thermal conductivity data and systematic steady-state temperature data. These values vary from 41.9 to 60.9 mW/m2, with a mean value of 52.3 ± 6.3 mW/m2. However, thermal history analyses, derived from vitrinite reflectance (RO) and apatite fission track (AFT) data, indicate that the Jianghan Basin was at a stable stage before the Indosinian movement. The heat flow increased and reached its maximum value of ∼68 mW/m2 during the Late Indosinian to Early Yanshan period. Since the Late Himalayan period, rapidly decreasing basement heat flow made the Jianghan Basin cool down. Furthermore, geohistory analysis reveals that the tectonic subsidence of the Jianghan Basin from the Cretaceous to Early Miocene was characterized by initial synrift subsidence followed by thermal subsidence. The thermal and tectonic subsidence history have directly effects on petroleum source rock maturation, so their analyses are of great significance forpetroleum exploration and hydrocarbon source assessment in the Jianghan Basin.
Upper Permian and lowermost Triassic stratigraphy, facies and ostracods in NW Iran - implications for the P/T extinction event

Ostracod faunas from Upper Permian to Lower Triassic shelf deposits of Northwestern Iran were investigated with respect to their stratigraphical range, palaeoecology and extinction patterns. Faunal changes caused by sea level rise are recorded in the lower Dzhulfian, lower and upper Dorashamian. The global End-Permian mass extinction event is recorded in NW Iran by a complete ostracod faunal turnover in the uppermost Dorashamian (C. meishanensis – H- praeparvus Zone) and disappearance of the deep neritic communities. The lithofacies and micropalaeontological data show that there was no shelf anoxia in Northwest and Central Iran during the P/T Boundary (PTB) interval and earliest Triassic. Ostracod extinction patterns in Iran indicate that the Late Permianmass extinction was not directly effected by the onset of shelf anoxia. According to quantitative palaeobiogeographical results faunal exchange of neritic ostracods in the Palaeo- and Neotethys was very limited during the Late Permian. Occurrences of closely related species at the PTBand in the lowermost Triassic of Iran (Sandandaj-Sirjan region), Taurus and South China however, suggest that these regions were connected by shelf migration routes during this time interval.
Dating ferruginous Regolith to determine fault capability at Lucas Heights, Sydney

BACKGROUND Following several major reviews of Australia’s nuclear science and technology needs, the Federal Government made the decision in 1997 to fund replacement of the obsolete research nuclear reactor, HIFAR (High Flux Australian Reactor), which has operated since 1958 at the ANSTO (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation) facility at Lucas Heights in Sydney. Full details of the siting and design of the replacement research reactor (RRR), including geotechnical studies by Coffey Partners International and regional seismic hazard analysis by the New Zealand Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences (GNS), were assessed by the newly constituted ARPANSA (Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency), and in April 2002 a licence for construction of the RRR was issued. Total cost was estimated to be $286.4 million, with commissioning of the reactor expected in 2005.
Bulletin of the Technical Committee on Data Engineering March

The Starfish project at Duke University aims to provide MapReduce users and applications with good performance automatically, without any need on their part to understand and manipulate the numerous tuning knobs in a MapReduce system. This paper describes the What-if Engine, an indispensable component in Starfish, which serves a similar purpose as a costing engine used by the query optimizer in a Database system. We discuss the problem and challenges addressed by the What-if Engine. We also discuss the techniques used by the What-if Engine and the design decisions that led us to these techniques.
Bulletin of the Technical Committee on Data Engineering December 2003

The web lacks support for explaining information provenance. When web applications return answers, many users do not know what information sources were used, when they were updated, how reliable the source was, or what information was looked up versus derived. Support for information provenance is expected to be a harder problem in the Semantic Web where more answers result from some manipulation of information (instead of simple retrieval of information). Manipulation includes, among other things, retrieving, matching, aggregating, filtering, and deriving information possibly from multiple sources. This article defines a broad notion of information provenance called knowledge provenance that includes proof-like information on how a question answering system arrived at its answer(s). The article also describes an approach for a knowledge provenance infrastructure supporting the extraction, maintenance and usage of knowledge provenance related to answers of web applications and services.
A peculiar high-tidal molluscan assemblage from a Madeiran boulder beach

The molluscs living at the higher intertidal level in a protected area of boulders in Madeira are described. Fourteen species of molluscs were found in this peculiar habitat, the gastropods Littorina striata, Melaraphe neritoides,Assiminea cf. grayana, Paludinella littorina, Caecum armoricum, Caecum clarkii, Truncatella subcylindrica, Botryphallus epidauricus, Odostomia microeques (parasitizing the former species), Ovatella aequalis, Auriculinella bidentata, Pedipes pedipes, Pseudomelampus exiguus, and the bivalve Lasaea rubra. Their abundance and distribution assemblages in this habitat are noted and they are compared with the molluscs found in similar habitats in other areas of the Northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean.
Shear wave attenuation and melting beneath the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Because the attenuation of seismic waves is sensitive to variations in temperature and to partial melting, the mapping of seismic Q beneath the mid-ocean ridge systems is a useful tool to outline boundaries between lithosphere and asthenosphere and to constrain the mechanics of the intrusion process. Our approach is to measure the differential attenuation of long-period shear waves, using a spectral ratio technique, from earthquakes on the ridge and to look for variations in attenuation with propagation direction. We correct for propagation distance and, where known, the upper mantle attenuation beneath the receiving stations. The azimuthal dependence of attenuation of S waves from an earthquake offset from the ridge axis on a transform fault indicates the existence of a low-Q zone, no wider than 100 km and confined to depths shallower than about 50 to 150 km, beneath the crest of the mid-Atlantic ridge. The absence of appreciable azimuthal variation in shear wave attenuation for an earthquake on the ridge crest suggests that the low-Q zone is at least 50 km wide. Q within such a zone must be 10 or less for long-period S waves. The most likely explanation of such a low-Q zone of limited spatial extent and with sharply defined boundaries is that the zone is a region of extensive partial melting, probably at temperatures in excess of the anhydrous solidus of mantle material. Such a region of large melt concentration is consistent with the chemistry of rocks from the mid-ocean ridges and with models of the temperature field derived from numerical calculations of flow beneath spreading centers.
[Six-minute walk test: necessary in order to understand patient limitations].

increase our understanding of this topic, it would be desirable to have a single equation. My suggestion would be that, at some future date, those two groups of authors combine their data in order to produce such an equation. Despite the discrepancies between the two studies cited above, we congratulate both groups of authors for taking the initiative to research a topic of great interest to pulmonologists: country-specific 6MWD reference values. Dourado was involved in developing the first reference equation related to the use of the 6MWT in Brazil,(8) and Pereira was among those responsible for establishing spirometric reference values for adults in our country. (11) To our pleasant surprise, Etemadinezhad & Alizadeh,(12) in this same issue, have published spirometric reference values for Iran. It is now imperative that we employ the 6MWD predictive equations proposed here,(9,10) not only for expressing the distance covered by our patients but also for determining the physical limitation of those patients in values relative to those of the general population of Brazil.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION TO THE CREATION OF STUDENT’S AWARENESS OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT

Indonesia owns more than 17,000 islands and the second longest coastline in the world, which have made Indonesia one of the largest maritime countries in the world. However, such a claim does not necessarily correlate with the outcomes of maritime culture of Indonesia. While 50% of the total number of Indonesian cities is located in the coastal area, these cities are generally not well planned. Moreover, the existing studies on coastal development suggests that development of coastal cities is generally oriented towards the inland rather than on the coast. Therefore, it is not surprising if the waterfront area often experienced environmental degradation, caused by pollution, flooding, and landslide. This paper looks at how the future architects can contribute to the planning and design of coastal (urban) environment. Urban planning and design have long been part of architectural education. However, within the context of Indonesia, their implications in responding to the above mentioned environmental problems are not adequate. In fact, coastal development is too specific to be placed in the curriculum as a mandatory subject. To overcome such gap, Department of Architecture at Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII) utilized the Design Studio as a venue for both students and lecturers of architecture to propose ideas on coastal urban development, using the coasts of Yogyakarta and Lasem as case studies. This paper examines the designs for coastal development proposed by students of Architectural Design Studio 5 and 7. It also describes how representative of the local residents and authorities reacted to these educational projects.
Epidemiological data can be gathered with world wide web

Editor—In their note, “Piloting patient attitudinal surveys on the web” Suchard et al rightly point out that the web is a powerful resource to use in developing surveys quickly and effectively.1 But the power of the web goes far beyond that. Psychologists and sociologists are already using the web for surveys,2 and there has also been a recent experiment to collect health status information for medical outcomes research with a web based questionnaire.3 The web …
Towards an Explanation of Cross-Country Asymmetries in Monetary Transmission

I quantify the importance of financial structure, labor market rigidities and industry mix for cross-country asymmetries in monetary transmission. To do so, I determine how closely the impulse responses to a monetary policy shock obtained from country-specific vectorautoregressive (VAR) models and a non-standard panel VAR model match. In the country-specific VAR models, the impulse responses vary across countries in an unrestricted fashion. In the panel VAR model, the impulse responses also vary across countries, but only to the extent that countries differ regarding their financial structure, labor market rigidities and industry mix. For a sample of 20 industrialized countries over the time period from 1995 to 2009, I find that up to 70% (50%) of the cross-country asymmetries in the responses of output (prices) to a monetary policy shock can be accounted for by crosscountry differences in financial structure, labor market rigidities and industry mix. While in the short run asymmetries in the output responses arise mainly due to cross-country differences in industry mix, in the medium and long run differences in financial structure and labor market rigidities gain more importance. Moreover, cross-country differences in industry mix appear to be of rather minor importance for cross-country asymmetries in the transmission of monetary policy to prices.
Automatic Text Summarization : A Detailed Study

During this paper we've got studied the conception and trends within the field of text report. Text report is compression the supply text into a shorter version conserving its info content and overall that means. It’s terribly tough for people to manually summarize large documents of text. Text report ways will be classified into extractive and abstractive report. Associate extractive report methodology consists of choosing vital sentences, paragraphs etc. from the first document and concatenating them into shorter kind. The importance of sentences is set supported applied mathematics and linguistic options of sentences. An abstractive summarization methodology consists of understanding the first text and re-telling it in fewer words. It uses linguistic ways to look at and interpret the text then to seek out the new ideas and expressions to best describe it by generating a brand new shorter text that conveys the most necessary info from the first text document.
Insulin-like growth factors. Studies in diabetics with and without retinopathy.

To determine whether two insulin-like growth factors (IGF I and IGF II) influence the course of diabetic retinopathy, we measured the concentrations of these factors in 80 adult patients with diabetes and in 62 control subjects. In seven patients with Type I diabetes and rapidly deteriorating vision as a result of proliferative and exudative retinopathy, the serum concentration of IGF I was 722 +/- 41 ng per milliliter (mean +/- S.E.M.), as compared with 381 +/- 48 ng per milliliter in 26 patients who had Type I diabetes without retinopathy or with less severe forms of it, and 302 +/- 15 ng per milliliter in the controls (P less than 0.001 for both comparisons). Serum concentrations of IGF II were normal in subjects with Type I diabetes but were somewhat depressed in those with Type II disease. Whether elevated serum concentrations of IGF I cause the accelerated development of retinopathy in some patients remains to be determined. Such levels do appear to identify patients at high risk for rapid deterioration of vision, and hence may be useful in selecting patients for more intensive or alternative forms of therapy.
Fast and accurate prediction of protein side-chain conformations

Summary: We developed a fast and accurate side-chain modeling program [Optimized Side Chain Atomic eneRgy (OSCAR)-star] based on orientation-dependent energy functions and a rigid rotamer model. The average computing time was 18 s per protein for 218 test proteins with higher prediction accuracy (1.1% increase for χ1 and 0.8% increase for χ1+2) than the best performing program developed by other groups. We show that the energy functions, which were calibrated to tolerate the discrete errors of rigid rotamers, are appropriate for protein loop selection, especially for decoys without extensive structural refinement. Availability: OSCAR-star and the 218 test proteins are available for download at http://sysimm.ifrec.osaka-u.ac. jp/OSCAR Contact: standley@ifrec.osaka-u.ac. jp Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Modeled historical land use and land cover for the conterminous United States

ABSTRACT The landscape of the conterminous United States has changed dramatically over the last 200 years, with agricultural land use, urban expansion, forestry, and other anthropogenic activities altering land cover across vast swaths of the country. While land use and land cover (LULC) models have been developed to model potential future LULC change, few efforts have focused on recreating historical landscapes. Researchers at the US Geological Survey have used a wide range of historical data sources and a spatially explicit modeling framework to model spatially explicit historical LULC change in the conterminous United States from 1992 back to 1938. Annual LULC maps were produced at 250-m resolution, with 14 LULC classes. Assessment of model results showed good agreement with trends and spatial patterns in historical data sources such as the Census of Agriculture and historical housing density data, although comparison with historical data is complicated by definitional and methodological differences. The completion of this dataset allows researchers to assess historical LULC impacts on a range of ecological processes.
Simulation of tsunami generation, propagation and coastal inundation in the Eastern Mediterranean

Abstract. In the present work, an advanced tsunami generation, propagation and coastal inundation 2-DH model (i.e. 2-D Horizontal model) based on the higher-order Boussinesq equations – developed by the authors – is applied to simulate representative earthquake-induced tsunami scenarios in the Eastern Mediterranean. Two areas of interest were selected after evaluating tsunamigenic zones and possible sources in the region: one at the southwest of the island of Crete in Greece and one at the east of the island of Sicily in Italy. Model results are presented in the form of extreme water elevation maps, sequences of snapshots of water elevation during the propagation of the tsunamis, and inundation maps of the studied low-lying coastal areas. This work marks one of the first successful applications of a fully nonlinear model for the 2-DH simulation of tsunami-induced coastal inundation; acquired results are indicative of the model's capabilities, as well of how areas in the Eastern Mediterranean would be affected by eventual larger events.
High Level Waste Tank Closure Modeling with Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Waste removal from 49 underground storage tanks located in two tank farms involves three steps: bulk waste removal, water washing to remove residual waste, and in some cases chemical cleaning to remove additional residual waste. Not all waste can be completely removed by these processes-resulting in some residual waste loading following cleaning. Completely removing this residual waste would be prohibitively expensive; therefore, it will be stabilized by filling the tanks with grout. Acceptable residual waste loading inventories were determined using one-dimensional groundwater transport modeling to predict future human exposure based on several scenarios. These modeling results have been incorporated into a geographic information systems (GIS) application for rapid evaluation of various tank closure options.
Facial Expression Classification Method Based on Pseudo-Zernike Moment and Radial Basis Function Network

the facial expressions, based on the features which had been extracted by PZMI. Also, the images were preprocessed to enhance their gray-level, which helps to increase the accuracy of classification. For JAFFE facial expression database, the achieved rate of classification in our experiment is 98.33%. This result leads to a conclusion that the proposed method can ensure a high accuracy rate of classification.
Scattering

Computer graphics and computer vision techniques deal with acquiring, interpreting and presenting the rich visual world around us. These are exciting multi-disciplinary fields of research with a wide spectrum of applications that can impact our daily lives. However, most of the computer generated imagery today represents scenes with clear atmospheres, neglecting light scattering effects. Analogously, most computer vision systems have not enjoyed success when deployed in uncontrolled outdoor environments. Nevertheless, scattering is a fundamental aspect of light transport in a wide range of applications, whether simulating it or interpreting it, from medical imaging to driving simulators or underwater imagery.
Ecological Genetics

Ecological genetics is the study of how ecologically relevant traits evolve in natural populations. Early research in ecological genetics demonstrated that natural selection often is strongenough togenerate rapid adaptive changes innature.Modernecological geneticists combine field observations, laboratory experiments and rapidly improving laboratory techniques to further our understanding about how traits evolve in nature andalso to identifywhichgenes are evolving. Ecological geneticists increasingly explore how evolutionary dynamics shape ecological properties. As a consequence, ecological genetics is highly relevant to practical questions that lie at the interface of ecology and evolution.
First draft: September 21st 2006

In a world with no transaction costs, vertical integration is intrinsically inefficient because it reduces specialization and thus the exercise of comparative advantage among firm units. However, in reality transactions between separate firms carrying out vertically related activities have costs stemming from weak property rights protection, information asymmetry, or agency behavior, all of which lead to anticipated opportunistic behavior and ex ante distortions in investment. If these transaction difficulties cannot be overcome by contracting, because of weak institutions or insufficient market disciplinary forces, vertical integration can be a solution. Politically connected corporate insiders can use vertical integration to enhance their rent-seeking returns, though these are likely not shared with outside shareholders if this can be avoided. Empirical validation of these hypotheses is most likely in emerging economies, where legal and market institutions are often weak despite substantial variation across sub-regions. Using Chinese data, we find that vertical integration is indeed importantly affected by institutional factors – it is more common in Chinese regions with weaker property rights protection, poorer local government quality, and stricter local regulation of market trades (which hampers market forces). Moreover, companies led by insiders with political connections are more likely to be vertically integrated. Vertical integration is negatively associated with share value if the top corporate insider is politically connected, but positive associated with share value if the firm is independently audited. JEL Classification: L22; P14; G38; P16
From Classical To Quantum Gravity: Introduction to Loop Quantum Gravity

We present an introduction to the canonical quantization of gravity performed in loop quantum gravity, based on lectures held at the 3rd quantum geometry and quantum gravity school in Zakopane in 2011. A special feature of this introduction is the inclusion of new proposals for coupling matter to gravity that can be used to deparametrize the theory, thus making its dynamics more tractable. The classical and quantum aspects of these new proposals are explained alongside the standard quantization of vacuum general relativity in loop quantum gravity.