Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of UWB Slotted C Shaped Monopole Antenna for Cognitive Radio Applications

: The proposed antenna designed specifically for Cognitive radio applications consists of a circular monopole which is evolved into the C shaped slotted monopole by a systematic process . The evolution of antenna is detailed. The evolved geometry enhances the gain with still good value of bandwidth. This ultra-wideband sensing antenna covers the spectrum from 4.305 GHz -12.73 GHz [8.428GHz] with a gain of 5.47 dBi as against 10.56GHz bandwidth of plane circular monopole with a gain of 2.17 dBi. Simulated results are presented and find in good agreement with the expected results. This antenna with slight modification can also be used as UWB antenna working in the range of 3.1GHz to 10.6GHZ.
Intraday Volume-Volatility Dynamics in CSI 300 Futures Market

Using 1-min transaction data, this study investigates the relationship between volume and volatility in CSI 300 futures market in China. Unit root test indicates that return series are stationary. LB-Q and ARCH-LM statistics confirm volatility clustering and time-vary volatility. ARMA (2, 2)-EGARCH (1, 1) model find evidence of GARCH effect, and positive shocks have a greater impact on volatility than negative shocks. Furthermore, the coefficients of both contemporaneous and lagged volume are positive and significant statistically, indicate that volume as information flow indicators, may explain the volatility, Both MDH and SIA hypothesizes are verified in China. These findings have significant implications for the traders and policymakers.
An Improved Uneven Clustering Routing Algorithm for Sensor Networks

In the large-scale deployment of wireless sensor networks, when cluster-heads of the routing algorithm based on clustering transmit their data to sink via multi-top communication, the cluster-heads closer to sink are burdened with heavy relay traffic and tend to die early, causing energy holes that affect the normal operation of the network. It shortens the lifetime of network. To solve the problem of energy holes, an improved routing algorithm based on uneven clustering (RAUC) is proposed. Cluster-heads are elected based on the ratio between the average residual energy of neighbor nodes and itself residual energy, the intra-cluster communication cost, forming clusters of different sizes. The inter-cluster routing is based on the forwarding capacity of nodes. The simulation shows that, compared with LEACH and EEUC, the routing algorithm performs better at load balancing, reduces the energy consumption of nodes, effectively improves the lifetime of the network.
Biodiversity Regulation of Ecosystem Services Coordinating Lead

Coordinating Lead Authors: Sandra Dı́az, David Tilman, Joseph Fargione Lead Authors: F. Stuart Chapin III, Rodolfo Dirzo, Thomas Kitzberger, Barbara Gemmill, Martin Zobel, Montserrat Vilà, Charles Mitchell, Andrew Wilby, Gretchen C. Daily, Mauro Galetti, William F. Laurance, Jules Pretty, Rosamond Naylor, Alison Power, Drew Harvell Contributing Authors: Simon Potts, Claire Kremen, Terry Griswold, Connal Eardley Review Editors: Gerardo Ceballos, Sandra Lavorel, Gordon Orians, Stephen Pacala, Jatna Supriatna
Differences in Anticipated Interaction Drive Own Group Biases in Face Memory

According to much research, the Own Group Bias (OGB) in face memory occurs as a consequence of social categorization – ingroup members are more likely than outgroup members to be encoded as individuals and remembered well. The current work is an examination of the role of anticipated future interaction in the OGB. We conducted two studies showing that anticipated interaction influences group-based face memory. In Study 1, we provided correlational evidence that beliefs about the amount and importance of future interaction one will have with racial outgroup members is associated with the OGB, such that people expecting more interaction with outgroup members show a reduced OGB. In Study 2, we manipulated expectations about future interactions with lab-created groups and observed that high levels of anticipated future interaction with the outgroup eliminated the OGB. Thus, social group categorization drives face memory biases to the extent that group membership affords the expectation of interpersonal interaction.
Refactor conditionals into polymorphism: what's the performance cost of introducing virtual calls?

The notion of refactoring - transforming the source-code of an object-oriented program without changing its external behavior - has been embraced by many object-oriented software developers as a way to accommodate changing requirements. If applied well, refactoring improves the maintainability of the software. However, it is believed that it does so at the sake of performance. Especially in a C++ context, the introduction of virtual function calls is often blamed for performance reduction because it introduces an extra indirection via the so-called virtual function table. To investigate the performance trade-off involved when introducing virtual functions, we compared the execution time of four benchmark programs which contain large conditionals against refactored versions where the conditionals were replaced by virtual function calls. Depending on the compiler and compiler optimizations being used, we discovered that C++ programs refactored this way often perform faster than their non-refactored counterparts, hence advise programmers not to obfuscate their programs with conditional logic in order to obtain good performance.
Teach Like a Human: The Reality Gap in Educator Preparation

This reflective essay examines educator preparation through the lens of Paul Kalanithi’s poignant memoir When Breath Becomes Air. Based on her work with preservice teacher candidates, the author questions the meaning of teacher preparation in our uncertain educational landscape. Drawing on the lessons of Maxine Greene and John Dewey about the nature of educational experiences, the essay encourages development of a “Teach Like a Human” philosophy that reframes educator preparation by embracing immersion in lived experience day by day.
The synthesis of structure-changing programs

Deductive techniques are presented for deriving programs systematically from given specifications. The specifications express the purpose of the desired program without giving any hint of the algorithm to be employed. The desired program is intended to achieve this purpose by means of such low-level primitives as assignment statements, the conditional statements, and recursion. The basic approach is to transform the specifications repeatedly according to certain rules, until a satisfactory program is produced. The rules are guided by a number of strategic controls. Many of the transformation rules represent knowledge about the program's subject domain (e.g., numbers, lists, sets); some represent the meaning of the constructs of the specification language and the target programming language; and a few rules represent basic programming principles. The weakest-precondition operator and the concept of protection are employed to construct programs that must achieve more than one condition simultaneously. Our previous work has centered on the synthesis of structure-maintaining programs, which produce an output without altering the value of any variable or changing the configuration of any data structure. Here, we extend our previous techniques to permit the construction of structure-changing programs, which can reset the values of variables, change the contents of an array, and alter the structure of a list or other data object.
Magnetically Regulated Star Formation in Three Dimensions: The Case of the Taurus Molecular Cloud Complex

We carry out three-dimensional MHD simulations of star formation in turbulent, magnetized clouds, including ambipolar diffusion and feedback from protostellar outflows. The calculations focus on relatively diffuse clouds threaded by a strong magnetic field capable of resisting severe tangling by turbulent motions and retarding global gravitational contraction in the cross field direction. They are motivated by observations of the Taurus molecular cloud complex (and, to a lesser extent, Pipe Nebula), which shows an ordered large-scale magnetic field, as well as elongated condensations that are generally perpendicular to the large-scale field. We find that stars form in earnest in such clouds when enough material has settled gravitationally along the field lines that the mass-to-flux ratios of the condensations approach the critical value. Only a small fraction (of order 1% or less) of the nearly magnetically critical, condensed material is turned into stars per local free-fall time, however. The slow star formation takes place in condensations that are moderately supersonic; it is regulated primarily by magnetic fields, rather than turbulence. The quiescent condensations are surrounded by diffuse halos that are much more turbulent, as observed in the Taurus complex. Strong support for magnetic regulation of star formation in this complex comes from the extremely slow conversion of the already condensed, relatively quiescent C18O gas into stars, at a rate 2 orders of magnitude below the maximum, free-fall value. We analyze the properties of dense cores, including their mass spectrum, which resembles the stellar initial mass function.
Visual Tracking via Probability Continuous Outlier Model

In this paper, we present a novel online visual tracking method based on linear representation. First, we present a novel probability continuous outlier model (PCOM) to depict the continuous outliers that occur in the linear representation model. In the proposed model, the element of the noisy observation sample can be either represented by a PCA subspace with small Guassian noise or treated as an arbitrary value with a uniform prior, in which the spatial consistency prior is exploited by using a binary Markov random field model. Then, we derive the objective function of the PCOM method, the solution of which can be iteratively obtained by the outlier-free least squares and standard max-flow/min-cut steps. Finally, based on the proposed PCOM method, we design an effective observation likelihood function and a simple update scheme for visual tracking. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations demonstrate that our tracker achieves very favorable performance in terms of both accuracy and speed.
Joking, storytelling, artsharing, expressing affection: a field trial of how children and their social network communicate with digital images in leisure time

Increasing use of mobile phones in leisure and communication with digital images are important and current issues in the field of telecommunications. However, little is known about how images would be used in leisure related communication. According to our experience field trials are the best way of studying it. In this paper, we describe a field-trial case study of leisure related communication with digital images. Moreover, we discuss the advantages of conducting field trials as part of product concept design process.
Targeted uptake-1 carrier to rescue the failing heart.

See related article, pages 928–936 Heart failure is characterized by sympathetic nervous system activation with consequent increase in cardiac and systemic norepinephrine (NE) release. Sympathetic hyperactivity preferentially targets the heart during early stages of failure and subsequently involves other organs. A landmark study published in 1984 by Cohn et al showed that plasma NE concentration in venous blood sampled at rest provides a better guide to the prognosis of chronic congestive heart failure than other indexes of cardiac performance.1 Although the augmented adrenergic drive in the failing heart is initially a compensatory mechanism to preserve contractility and cardiac output, in the long term it leads to very complex maladaptive phenomena (Figure). In particular, two deleterious effects must be mentioned, both caused by excessive catecholamine release: cardiomyocyte injury and functional denervation. NE is indeed markedly toxic for cardiomyocytes at concentrations typically found in the failing heart. Sustained β-adrenergic stimulation leads to cAMP-mediated calcium overload of the cardiac cell, with a resulting decrease in synthetic activity and/or viability2 and contractile impairment. It can also trigger myocyte apoptosis mediated by protein kinase A and calcium entry via voltage-dependent calcium channels.3 On the other hand, functional denervation of the failing heart is responsible for reduced inotropic support, especially during exercise, and can be attributed to at least three mechanisms: depletion of NE stores in cardiac nerve endings,4–5 selective downregulation of β1-adrenoceptors,6 and desensitization of the intracellular β-adrenergic signaling cascade, mainly mediated by β-adrenergic receptor kinase and β-arrestin.7 The excessive NE release in myocardial interstitial space is not counterbalanced by adequate sympathetic nerve ending reuptake, because the principal NE carrier, namely uptake-1, is downregulated8–10 …
Palma : A P 2 P based Architecture for Location Management

To realize the potential of ubiquitous mobile computing, keeping track of mobile application users becomes more important. In wireless mobile networks, in order to effectively deliver a service to a mobile user, the location of a called mobile node must be determined within a certain time limit before the service is blocked. With the upcoming 3G, 4G and wireless LAN technologies, it’s necessary to have an efficient location management system that adapts to such dynamic environments. In this paper, we propose a highly scalable, self-organizing P2P based architecture for location management; namely PALMA. The performance of the proposed scheme was evaluated through a prototype implementation.
Modelling of smoke flow taking obstacles into account

Recently, displaying natural phenomena such as smoke has become a topic of interest in computer graphics. The ability to simulate the complex shapes and motion of the smoke particles is not only important but is also a difficult problem to solve. In this paper, we propose a method of displaying swirling smoke, including the consideration of its passage round obstacles. By using the idea of metaballs, we can easily represent the 3D density distribution of smoke. We solve the physical equation of the flow, and represent the vortices by using the vorticity vector. Therefore, we can make a model of the smoke flow even if there are obstacles in its path.
Near-end listening enhancement by noise-inverse speech shaping

In communication systems, clean speech is often reproduced by loudspeakers and disturbed by local acoustical noise. Near-end listening enhancement (NELE) is a technique to enhance the speech intelligibility in environmental noise by adaptively preprocessing the speech based on a noise estimate. Conventional NELE-algorithms adaptively filter the speech by applying spectral gains which are determined by maximizing intelligibility measures. Usually, this leads to speech amplifications at highly disturbed frequencies to overcome masking. In this paper, a new approach is presented which shapes the speech spectrum according to the inverse of the noise power spectrum. It is based on a simple gain rule. Its advantages are a predictable spectral behavior and a fixed computational complexity, since no optimization problem with an unknown number of iterations needs to be solved. Simulations have shown that it copes with a wide range of noise types and provides a similar performance compared to conventional algorithms.
The Atmospheric Response to Three Decades of Observed Arctic Sea Ice Loss

AbstractArctic sea ice is declining at an increasing rate with potentially important repercussions. To understand better the atmospheric changes that may have occurred in response to Arctic sea ice loss, this study presents results from atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments in which the only time-varying forcings prescribed were observed variations in Arctic sea ice and accompanying changes in Arctic sea surface temperatures from 1979 to 2009. Two independent AGCMs are utilized in order to assess the robustness of the response across different models. The results suggest that the atmospheric impacts of Arctic sea ice loss have been manifested most strongly within the maritime and coastal Arctic and in the lowermost atmosphere. Sea ice loss has driven increased energy transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere, enhanced warming and moistening of the lower troposphere, decreased the strength of the surface temperature inversion, and increased lower-tropospheric thickness; all of these chan.
Grammatical Subjects in home sign: Abstract linguistic structure in adult primary gesture systems without linguistic input.

Language ordinarily emerges in young children as a consequence of both linguistic experience (for example, exposure to a spoken or signed language) and innate abilities (for example, the ability to acquire certain types of language patterns). One way to discern which aspects of language acquisition are controlled by experience and which arise from innate factors is to remove or manipulate linguistic input. However, experimental manipulations that involve depriving a child of language input are impossible. The present work examines the communication systems resulting from natural situations of language deprivation and thus explores the inherent tendency of humans to build communication systems of particular kinds, without any conventional linguistic input. We examined the gesture systems that three isolated deaf Nicaraguans (ages 14-23 years) have developed for use with their hearing families. These deaf individuals have had no contact with any conventional language, spoken or signed. To communicate with their families, they have each developed a gestural communication system within the home called "home sign. " Our analysis focused on whether these systems show evidence of the grammatical category of Subject. Subjects are widely considered to be universal to human languages. Using specially designed elicitation tasks, we show that home signers also demonstrate the universal characteristics of Subjects in their gesture productions, despite the fact that their communicative systems have developed without exposure to a conventional language. These findings indicate that abstract linguistic structure, particularly the grammatical category of Subject, can emerge in the gestural modality without linguistic input.
A method of workload compression basing on characteristics for index selection

This paper presents a novel method of database workload compression basing on the queries' characteristics for purpose of solving Index Selection Problem (ISP). The algorithm applies a close analysis on the queries in workload to capture their characteristics, which are used to build the relationships between pairs of queries. Using these relationships, the original workload can be filtered out into the compressed workload, which can be used for the task without degrading the performance. This method has been implemented and the experiments on workloads illustrate that proposed solution can achieve a high performance with a little quality loss.
DPEL: Dynamic PIT Entry Lifetime in Vehicular Named Data Networks

Vehicular named data network (VNDN) has emerged as a promising network technology, where the focus of communication is moved from host-centric to information-centric. Since, the VNDN is at its early stage in development, there are several open issues to be explored and pending interest table (PIT) management is one of them. In VNDN, PIT stores each broadcasted interest until the required content is retrieved or its timer (PEL: PIT entry lifetime) expires. When the PIT storage is full, the vehicles discard new incoming interests, thus decreasing the network performance. Therefore, in this letter, we propose a dynamic PEL (DPEL) scheme that enables each relaying vehicle to dynamically compute PEL timer for each incoming interest using its interest satisfaction rate (ISR) and the hop count. The higher the ISR and the longer the hop count, the shorter the time the relaying vehicle keeps the PIT entry. Simulation results show DPEL reduces by more than 75% the PEL and the number of entries in VNDN.
Pilot Study of the Effects of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback on Perceived Stress, Perceived Coping Ability, and Resilience in Accelerated Baccalaureate Nursing Students

EFFECTS OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY BIOFEEDBACK ON PERCEIVED STRESS, PERCEIVED COPING ABILITY, AND RESILIENCE IN ACCELERATED BACCALAUREATE NURSING STUDENTS ANDREA J. HARMELINK 2016 Objective. The purpose of this quasi-experimental randomized controlled two-group pilot study was to test the effectiveness of a Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRVB) intervention on accelerated baccalaureate nursing (ABN) students’ perceived stress, perceived coping ability, and resilience over four weeks during an academic term of ABN coursework. This study was guided by Lazarus and Folkman’s Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping, with a focus on primary appraisal. Background. ABN students report higher perceived stress and anxiety compared with nursing students in traditional four-year nursing programs due to the compressed and fast-paced format of the ABN curriculum. Qualitative data points to a growing awareness of the high stress associated with ABN programs and the need for adaptive coping strategies, yet few interventional studies have been reported for this population. HRVB reduces autonomic reactivity and regulates homeostatic physiologic mechanisms, which can lead to decreased stress and anxiety, and increased resilience. Interventions such as HRVB are needed for ABN students in order to promote adaptive coping strategies and increase resilience pre-licensure.
Acceleration, energy loss and screening in strongly-coupled gauge theories

We explore various aspects of the motion of heavy quarks in strongly-coupled gauge theories, employing the AdS/CFT correspondence. Building on earlier work by Mikhailov, we study the dispersion relation and energy loss of an accelerating finite-mass quark in = 4 super-Yang-Mills, both in vacuum and in the presence of a thermal plasma. In the former case, we notice that the application of an external force modifies the dispersion relation. In the latter case, we find in particular that when a static heavy quark is accelerated by an external force, its rate of energy loss is initially insensitive to the plasma, and there is a delay before this rate approaches the value derived previously from the analysis of stationary or late-time configurations. Following up on work by Herzog et al., we also consider the evolution of a quark and antiquark as they separate from one another after formation, learning how the AdS/CFT setup distinguishes between the singlet and adjoint configurations, and locating the transition to the stage where the deceleration of each particle is properly accounted for by a constant friction coefficient. Additionally, we examine the way in which the energy of a quark-antiquark pair moving jointly through the plasma scales with the quark mass. We find that the velocity-dependence of the screening length is drastically modified in the ultra-relativistic region, and is comparable with that of the transition distance mentioned above.