Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Dog That Didn't Bark: The Political Consequences of Separatist Violence in Quebec, 1963-70

In modern society social violence usually takes one of two forms. Sometimes those involved can be defined on the basis of their class position or revolutionary ideology. The violent clashes between British coal miners and the police in 198485, and the terrorist campaign by the Italian Red Brigades in the seventies are good examples of this type of conflict. Often, however, the participants are defined in terms of communal identities, such as race, religion, language or national origin. The ethnic violence in the former Yugoslavia, or the sectarian violence in Northern Ireland, are obvious examples of this second type. Communal groups can be defined by two characteristics: first, their members have a strong ascriptive social identity, and second, there is a high degree of social segregation between communities. While the nature of the cleavage is important, there are remarkable similarities among communally-divided societies, regardless of whether they are divided by language, race or religion. ' Thus, the conflicts in Cyprus, the Basque provinces and Northern Ireland display striking parallels. Of especial significance is the tendency in communal conflicts for violence to lead to political polarization, which in turn leads to more violence in a vicious cycle. This scenario of chronic violence and political polarization seems to fit the recent experience of Cyprus, Northern Ireland and the Basque provinces of Spain. However, it obviously does not describe what happened in Canada. This essay will examine how Canadian politicians responded to violence by the Front de liberation du Quebec (FLQ) and other militant separatists during the period 1963-70, and suggest why this violence did not engender the kind of polarization that occurred elsewhere.
Using phone features to improve dialogue state tracking generalisation to unseen states

The generalisation of dialogue state tracking to unseen dialogue states can be very challenging. In a slot-based dialogue system, dialogue states lie in discrete space where distances between states cannot be computed. Therefore, the model parameters to track states unseen in the training data can only be estimated from more general statistics, under the assumption that every dialogue state will have the same underlying state tracking behaviour. However, this assumption is not valid. For example, two values, whose associated concepts have different ASR accuracy, may have different state tracking performance. Therefore, if the ASR performance of the concepts related to each value can be estimated, such estimates can be used as general features. The features will help to relate unseen dialogue states to states seen in the training data with similar ASR performance. Furthermore, if two phonetically similar concepts have similar ASR performance, the features extracted from the phonetic structure of the concepts can be used to improve generalisation. In this paper, ASR and phonetic structurerelated features are used to improve the dialogue state tracking generalisation to unseen states of an environmental control system developed for dysarthric speakers.
Two Unities of Consciousness

This paper argues for a distinction between possession of a unified consciousness and possession of a single stream of consciousness. Although the distinction has widespread applic- ability in discussions of the structure of consciousness and of pathologies of conscious experience, I will illustrate its importance primarily using the debate about consciousness in split-brain subjects, suggesting that those who have argued that split-brain subjects have two streams of consciousness apiece and those who have argued that they have a unified consciousness may both be right.
Completing RDF Data in Linked Open Data Cloud using Formal Concept Analysis

In the last years there has been a huge increase in the amount of information published as Linked Open Data (LOD). Its popularization and quick growth has led to challenging aspects regarding quality assessment and data exploration of the RDF triples that shape the LOD cloud. Particularly, we are interested in two important aspects of these challenges, namely how to deal with different data schemas and how to process heterogeneous resource descriptions. In this work we propose a novel technique to overcome these issues by the implementation of a knowledge discovery process based on Formal Concept Analysis which automatically detects incomplete information. We propose a structure for the organization of the RDF triples through a concept lattice of graph patterns, providing a powerful navigation mechanism while allowing for the discovery of implication rules that can be used to complete the LOD cloud. Such an organization also provides a way to help users in formulating specific SPARQL queries.
Joint-dependent local deformations for hand animation and object grasping

Algorithms and methods are presented for animating the hands of a synthetic actor. The algorithms allow the land to move and grasp objects; they also compute deformations of the hand as it moves. The mapping of surfaces onto the skeleton is based on the concept of joint-dependent local deformation (JLD) operators, which are specific local deformation operators depending on the nature of the joints. The major problem in the hand covering process is the calculation of the coordinate bases. The key to the method was to find a model for calculating the bases which was sophisticated enough for the simulation of complex motions. Several examples are shown and the user interface introduced into the human factory system is also described
Self-Reflective Sentiment Analysis

As self-directed online anxiety treatment and e-mental health programs become more prevalent and begin to rapidly scale to a large number of users, the need to develop automated techniques for monitoring patient progress and detecting early warning signs is at an all-time high. While current online therapy systems work based on explicit quantitative feed-back from various survey measures, little attention has been paid thus far to the large amount of unstructured free text present in the monitoring logs and journals submitted by patients as part of the treatment process. In this paper, we automatically categorize patients’ internal sentiment and emotions using machine learning classiﬁers based on n-grams, syntactic patterns, sentiment lexicon features, and distributed word embeddings. We report classiﬁcation metrics on a novel mental health dataset.
T-duality, gerbes and loop spaces

We revisit sigma models on target spaces given by a principal torus fibration $X\to M$, and show how treating the 2-form B as a gerbe connection captures the gauging obstructions and the global constraints on the T-duality. We show that a gerbe connection on X, which is invariant with respect to the torus action, yields an affine double torus fibration Y over the base space M - the generalization of the correspondence space. We construct a symplectic form on the cotangent bundle to the loop space LY and study the relation of its symmetries to T-duality. We find that geometric T-duality is possible if and only if the torus symmetry is generated by Hamiltonian vector fields. Put differently, the obstruction to T-duality is the non-Hamiltonian action of the symmetry group.
International Migration and Development in East Asia and the Pacific

The East Asia and Pacific region has an international emigrant population of over 21 million people, who remitted more than USD 90 billion to their home countries in 2010. The region also hosts more than 7 million migrant workers, mostly from other Asian countries. These migrant workers account for 20 percent or more of the labor force in economies such as Malaysia and Singapore and thus play a significant role in the economies of the labor-receiving countries. The aging of the population in many East Asian countries will create significant labor shortages leading to greater demand for migrant workers. For these reasons, international labor mobility is emerging as an important development issue in East Asia with important implications for the Bank’s mission of poverty reduction and supporting sustainable economic development in the region. In this context , this study analyzes the impact of migration on development of the region and how international migration should be managed in East Asia in a way that supports development goals while simultaneously protecting the rights of migrants. The study covers: trends in international migration in East Asia and overarching regional issues such as the links between macroeconomic management and remittances and the role of demographic trends in migration; the economic impact of migration and remittances on labor-sending countries and labor-receiving countries; the migration industry; and the policies and institutions that govern migration.
Joint optimization of node selection and power allocation in wireless sensor networks

Energy efficiency (EE) is an important factor for the deployment of wireless sensor networks. Cooperative communication can help to reduce energy consumption for long distance data transmission. This paper mainly presents the joint optimization of node selection and power allocation for cooperative communication in wireless sensor networks. The proposed brute force approach based on optimal power allocation method can maximize EE with power constraint, and the optimal power allocation is presented as a closed-form solution by solving Lagrangian function. To reduce further complexity, the greedy node selection method is proposed. Finally, numerical results show that the proposed greedy node selection scheme can obtain the performance almost identical to the brute force approach through MATLAB simulation.
IMPROVING DEPENDABILITY OF LOGIC CONTROLLERS BY ALGORITHMIC VERIFICATION

Abstract Functional safety, as addressed in the standard IEC 61508, is a key requirement for a high dependability of controlled systems. In order to guarantee that the function of programmable logic controllers (PLC) complies with given safety specifications, the use of verification has proven to be useful. This contribution builds upon a recently proposed approach to verify PLC programs with time specifications. It starts from a controller design given as sequential function chart (SFC), transforms the SFC into timed automata (TA), and applies model checking to verify (or falsify) functional safety. Since the explicit representation of the cyclic operation mode of PLC can lead to complex TA models, this paper investigates to which extent the cyclic mode can be omitted, to obtain simplified models for which the verification effort is considerably smaller.
Knowledge about non-invasive diagnostic tests for varices in liver cirrhosis: A questionnaire survey to the Gastroenterology Branch of the Liaoning Medical Association, China

Background and aims: Due to the invasiveness of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, non-invasive diagnostic tests for varices in liver cirrhosis have been widely established by numerous studies. A questionnaire survey, which was aimed at understanding the current knowledge about non-invasive diagnostic tests for varices in liver cirrhosis, was distributed among the members of Gastroenterology Branch of the Liaoning Medical Association. Methods: A questionnaire assessing the knowledge about non-invasive diagnostic tests for varices was sent to 42 members who participated in the entire ninth committee. They were from 33 hospitals in 13 cities of Liaoning Province, China. Results: Overall, 97.6% (41/42) of participants responded to the questionnaire. A majority of participants were chief physicians (85.4%), had >20 years of experience in clinical work of digestive diseases (80.5%) and worked at tertiary hospitals (97.6%). In 46.3% of participants’ departments, there were >200 patients with liver cirrhosis and gastroesophageal varices admitted every year. In 90.2% of participants’ departments, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was regularly employed for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal varices. Only six (15%) participants often used non-invasive diagnostic tests for varices in clinical practice. Thirty (75%) participants knew at least one non-invasive diagnostic test for varices. The knowledge of at least one non-invasive diagnostic test was significantly associated with the number of cirrhotic patients with varices (P = 0.038) or the regular use of gastrointestinal endoscopy to diagnose varices (P = 0.022). Conclusions: This questionnaire survey suggested that non-invasive diagnostic tests for varices in liver cirrhosis were rarely or never used in clinical practices in Liaoning Province, China. Reliable, non-invasive indexes should be further explored in a well-designed multi-center observational study.
Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Comparison of Solid-State and Submerged Fermentation of Penicillium expansum KACC 40815

Penicillium spp. are known to harbor a wide array of secondary metabolites with cryptic bioactivities. However, the metabolomics of these species is not well-understood in terms of different fermentation models and conditions. The present study involved metabolomics profiling and transcriptomic analysis of Penicillium expansum 40815 under solid-state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF). Metabolite profiling was carried out using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry with multivariate analysis, followed by transcriptomic analyses of differentially expressed genes. In principal component analysis, the metabolite profiling data was studied under different experimental sets, including SSF and SmF. The significantly different metabolites such as polyketide metabolites (agonodepside B, rotiorin, verrucosidin, and ochrephilone) and corresponding gene transcripts (polyketide synthase, aromatic prenyltransferase, and terpenoid synthase) were primarily detected under SmF conditions. In contrast, the meroterpenoid compounds (andrastin A and C) and their genes transcripts were exclusively detected under SSF conditions. We demonstrated that the metabolite production and its corresponding gene expression levels in P. expansum 40815 were significantly influenced by the varying growth parameters and the immediate environment. This study further provides a foundation to produce specific metabolites by regulating fermentation conditions.
1442-6951-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dairy Directions : A decade of whole farm analysis of dairy systems

Dairy farm systems are complex and diverse. Since the late 1990s, dairy farm businesses in Victoria, Australia have operated in particularly volatile natural, economic and policy circumstances, as well as dealing with the long-term challenge of persistently rising real costs and real prices fluctuating around a declining trend. Maintaining profitability in this environment requires sound decision making. Sound decision making in farming involves assembling, analysing and assimilating information about the whole system in a robust way. To assist this end, a decade ago, a dairy research and development project, Dairy Directions, was developed. In this program, the whole farm approach of farm management economics was used to investigate questions about options dairy farmers had to maintain and improve profitability, to achieve their goals. Commencing in one region of Victoria, with an initial focus on farm decisions, the scope of the work evolved to identifying gaps in scientific knowledge, contributing information to public policy formation, and expanded to other regions. A steering committee of farmers, related industry representatives, scientists and farm economists proved the key to success in this research process. In this paper, the whole farm economics approach to farm systems research is described and explained; in particular the role of using information about response functions, risk, time and case studies in answering questions about alternative farm futures. The application and results of the whole farm approach to a range of research questions about dairy farming in Victoria is presented. As well as confirming the known, findings have also identified unrecognized dimensions, and challenged theory.
Beyond WiFi 5: How to reach higher throughputs? Technological obstacles and solutions

The IEEE 802.11 High Throughput Study Group has started to define requirements for the next generation of 802.11 Wireless LANs operating in the 5 GHz band. The 802.11a standard, commercially known as WiFi 5, defines a physical layer which reaches 54 Mbit/s. However, the throughput offered to upper layers by WiFi 5 products based on the plain 802.11 MAC layer cannot exceed 30 Mbit/s for long ( 1500 bytes) packets and 10 Mbit/s for shorter (250 bytes) ones. This article investigates the technological deadlocks and solutions when trying to achieve a significant throughput increase from the current WiFi 5 limits. When increasing the PHY bit rate to hundreds of Mbit/s, the MAC overhead becomes the main limitation to a throughput increase. In this paper we compare the theoretical throughput limits of 802.11, 802.11e and the TDD/TDMA MAC of HIPERLAN/2 and conclude that current 802.11 MAC cannot be adopted as is in a future High Throughput standard, whereas TDD/TDMA and to a lesser extent 802.11e are better candidates We then present physical layer techniques which enable to reach 100 Mbit/s throughput and extended range.
When Extremism Pays: Policy Positions, Voter Certainty, and Party Support in Postcommunist Europe

We argue that extreme positioning benefits parties in new democracies, because—given the lack of other reliable cues such as party histories—the distinctiveness of their left-right policy positions increases voter certainty about parties’ identities and intentions in office. Cross-sectional analyses provide evidence that, in the new democracies of postcommunist Europe, parties that are farther away from the mean voter position gain more popular support than those moderately positioned along a policy continuum. In established democracies, by contrast, policy moderation increases popular support. We also find empirical support for the proposed causal mechanism that links policy positions to popular support via voter certainty. These findings have implications for party strategies, spatial theories, and our understanding of political representation in new democracies.
Architecture design for social web of things

In recent years, the development of sensing technology has led to the pervasive application of ubiquitous computing into people's life. In parallel with that trend, people relies more on context-aware service and device in many aspects, such as health care, elderly home care and so forth. However, traditional sensors are typically locked into unimodal closed systems, which hinders the access to such sensors that can be available in other information systems. Moreover, we believe that users are primarily interested in real-world entities (things, places, and people) and their high-level states (empty, free, sitting, walking etc.) rather than in individual sensors and their raw output data. In order to share physical information and enable the communication between both machines and human, we proposed a Social Web of Thing Framework based on the Restful Web Service and Social Network. In addition, we discussed the key technology and use case related to our framework. At last, we introduced the case study of MagicHome.
Performance research and analysis of ForCES TML based DP-WRR algorithm

The paper researches resource scheduling in ForCES Transport Mapping Layer, and proposes a dynamic-priority-weight-round-robin(DP-WRR) algorithm based on dynamic weight priority, that in order to achieve the fair scheduling of network resources, reduce the delay of low priority messages, and adjust to the priority of different packets in queue dynamically. Compared with WRR, the simulation results show more effectiveness of the new bandwidth allocation algorithm, meanwhile, it ensures the effectiveness of control messages.
Notice of RetractionCockroach Swarm Optimization

This paper presents a new bionic algorithm, entitled Cockroach Swarm Optimization (CSO), that is inspired by the social behavior of cockroaches. We construct some models by imitating the foraging behaviors of cockroach, and describe the steps of CSO. Simulation results illustrate that CSO has stronger convergence performance and highly-accuracy optimization results compares with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO) and Artificial Fish-swarm Algorithm (AFSA).
Laccase: Properties and applications

Laccases (benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.10.3.2) are multi-copper oxidases that are widely distributed among plants, insects, and fungi. They have been described in different genera of ascomycetes, some deuteromycetes, and mainly in basidiomycetes. These enzymes catalyze the one-electron oxidation of a wide variety of organic and inorganic substrates, including mono-, di-, and polyphenols, aminophenols, methoxyphenols, aromatic amines, and ascorbate, with the concomitant four electron reduction of oxygen to water. Laccase is currently the focus of much attention because of its diverse applications, such as delignification of lignocellulosics, crosslinking of polysaccha-rides, bioremediation applications, such as waste detoxification, and textile dye transformation, food technologic uses, personal and medical care applications, and biosensor and analytical applications. This review helps to understand the properties of this important enzyme for efficient utilization for its biotechnological and environmental applications.
Predictors of success in a first programming course

This paper describes a multi-national, multiinstitutional study that investigated introductory programming courses. Student participants were drawn from eleven institutions, mainly in Australasia, during the academic year of 2004. A number of diagnostic tasks were used to explore cognitive, behavioural, and attitudinal factors such as spatial visualisation and reasoning, the ability to articulate strategies for commonplace search and design tasks, and attitudes to studying. The results indicate that a deep approach to learning was positively correlated with mark for the course, while a surface approach was negatively correlated; spatial visualisation skills are correlated with success; a progression of map drawing styles identified in the literature has a significant correlation with marks; and increasing measures of richness of articulation of a search strategy are also associated with higher marks. Finally, a qualitative analysis of short interviews identified the qualities that students themselves regarded as important to success in programming.
Segment-wise online learning based on greedy algorithm for real-time multi-target tracking

This paper proposes a tracklet-based algorithm for online multiple-target tracking. The algorithm performs tracking in three steps: (1) tracklet initialization, (2) tracklet refinement, and (3) tracklet association. Given detection responses, tracklets are initialized by finding a near-optimum path in the min-cost flow network using a greedy-based algorithm. Based on an appearance-based model, the tracklets are refined so that the detection responses within the tracklet become more homogeneous. Finally, the tracklets are linked based on a novel affinity measure, then by optimizing a min-cost flow network with links, the final tracks are generated. For real-time multi-target tracking, every step is processed in a segment-wise manner. On popular public datasets and strictly in an online fashion, the proposed multi-target tracking algorithm performed comparable to that of many state-of-the-art algorithms.