Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community Attitudes to the Appropriation of Mobile Phones for Monitoring and Managing Depression, Anxiety, and Stress

BACKGROUND The benefits of self-monitoring on symptom severity, coping, and quality of life have been amply demonstrated. However, paper and pencil self-monitoring can be cumbersome and subject to biases associated with retrospective recall, while computer-based monitoring can be inconvenient in that it relies on users being at their computer at scheduled monitoring times. As a result, nonadherence in self-monitoring is common. Mobile phones offer an alternative. Their take-up has reached saturation point in most developed countries and is increasing in developing countries; they are carried on the person, they are usually turned on, and functionality is continually improving. Currently, however, public conceptions of mobile phones focus on their use as tools for communication and social identity. Community attitudes toward using mobile phones for mental health monitoring and self-management are not known. OBJECTIVE The objective was to explore community attitudes toward the appropriation of mobile phones for mental health monitoring and management. METHODS We held community consultations in Australia consisting of an online survey (n = 525), focus group discussions (n = 47), and interviews (n = 20). RESULTS Respondents used their mobile phones daily and predominantly for communication purposes. Of those who completed the online survey, the majority (399/525 or 76%) reported that they would be interested in using their mobile phone for mental health monitoring and self-management if the service were free. Of the 455 participants who owned a mobile phone or PDA, there were no significant differences between those who expressed interest in the use of mobile phones for this purpose and those who did not by gender (χ2(1), = 0.98, P = . 32, phi = . 05), age group (χ2(4), = 1.95, P = . 75, phi = . 06), employment status (χ2(2), = 2.74, P = . 25, phi = . 08) or marital status (χ2(4), = 4.62, P = . 33, phi = . 10). However, the presence of current symptoms of depression, anxiety, or stress affected interest in such a program in that those with symptoms were more interested (χ(2) (1), = 16.67, P < . 001, phi = . 19). Reasons given for interest in using a mobile phone program were that it would be convenient, counteract isolation, and help identify triggers to mood states. Reasons given for lack of interest included not liking to use a mobile phone or technology, concerns that it would be too intrusive or that privacy would be lacking, and not seeing the need. Design features considered to be key by participants were enhanced privacy and security functions including user name and password, ease of use, the provision of reminders, and the availability of clear feedback. CONCLUSIONS Community attitudes toward the appropriation of mobile phones for the monitoring and self-management of depression, anxiety, and stress appear to be positive as long as privacy and security provisions are assured, the program is intuitive and easy to use, and the feedback is clear.
A Comparison of General Adult and Forensic Patients with Schizophrenia Living in the Community

Schizophrenia is associated with an elevated risk for violence. The response has been to incarcerate people with schizophrenia and to increase the number of forensic beds. Most of these beds are filled by men with schizophrenic disorders with long histories of offending and of treatment in general psychiatry. Outcome from forensic, as compared to general psychiatric services, is unknown. The present study compared outcome defined as levels of positive and negative symptoms, readmission, and aggressive behavior for 248 men with schizophrenic disorders (150 discharged from forensic hospitals and 98 from general adult wards) during a two-year period after discharge from forensic and general psychiatric services. Patients were intensively assessed at discharge and four times during the subsequent two years. Illicit drug use was assessed both objectively and by self-report. More of the forensic than the general patients had failed to complete high school, had displayed a stable pattern of antisocial behavior since at least mid-adolescence, and had convictions for non-violent and violent offences. At discharge and throughout the follow-up period, general patients displayed higher levels of positive and negative symptoms than forensic patients, and more of them engaged in aggressive behavior towards others. Aggressive behavior was associated with positive symptoms and Antisocial Personality Disorder. Rates of readmission were similar for the two groups. The forensic approach that includes assessing and managing the risk of violence as well as treating symptoms of schizophrenia led to better outcome than that of general psychiatry.
Effects of external protons on single cardiac sodium channels from guinea pig ventricular myocytes

The effects of external protons on single sodium channel currents recorded from cell-attached patches on guinea pig ventricular myocytes were investigated. Extracellular protons reduce single channel current amplitude in a dose-dependent manner, consistent with a simple rapid channel block model where protons bind to a site within the channel with an apparent pKH of 5.10. The reduction in single channel current amplitude by protons is voltage independent between -70 and -20 mV. Increasing external proton concentration also shifts channel gating parameters to more positive voltages, consistent with previous macroscopic results. Similar voltage shifts are seen in the steady- state inactivation (h infinity) curve, the time constant for macroscopic current inactivation (tau h), and the first latency function describing channel activation. As pHo decreases from 7.4 to 5.5 the midpoint of the h infinity curve shifts from -107.6 +/- 2.6 mV (mean +/- SD, n = 16) to -94.3 +/- 1.9 mV (n = 3, P less than 0.001). These effects on channel gating are consistent with a reduction in negative surface potential due to titration of negative external surface charge. The Gouy-Chapman-Stern surface charge model incorporating specific proton binding provides an excellent fit to the dose-response curve for the shift in the midpoint of the h infinity curve with protons, yielding an estimate for total negative surface charge density of -1e/490 A2 and a pKH for proton binding of 5.16. By reducing external surface Na+ concentration, titration of negative surface charge can also quantitatively account for the reduction in single Na+ channel current amplitude, although we cannot rule out a potential role for channel block. Thus, titration by protons of a single class of negatively charged sites may account for effects on both single channel current amplitude and gating.
Microsatellite repeat dynamics in mitochondrial genomes of phytopathogenic fungi: frequency and distribution in the genic and intergenic regions

The frequency and distribution of microsatellites were analyzed in the 19 mitogenomes of phytopathogenic fungi covering five phyla. Our analysis revealed that in all the mitogenomes studied, the frequency and relative abundance varied, and it was neither influenced by genome size nor by GC content. SSRs were found to be differential distributed in genic and intergenic regions. An average of 5.14 (23.6%) SSRs were present in genic sequences and 21.7 (76.4%) SSRs were located in the intergenic sequences. Relative abundance of SSRs in mitogenomes was the highest in Aspergillus tubigensis, whereas, it was the least in Phaeosphaeria nodurum, the average being 0.45. Trinucleotide repeats were the most abundant motifs in the genic and intergenic regions of the mitogenomes of the phytopathogenic fungi. Among the genes, cox1 harbors the maximum SSRs, whereas cox3 and nad 7 contain the least. Based on the presence of SSRs in a particular gene, genetic relationships among individual organisms were also established.
Optimized Selection of Unrelated Subjects for Whole‐Genome Sequencing Studies of Rare High‐Penetrance Alleles

Sequencing studies using whole‐genome or exome scans are still more expensive than genome‐wide association studies on a per‐subject basis. As a result, only a subset of subjects from a larger study will be selected for sequencing. To perform an agnostic investigation of the entire genome, subjects may be selected that capture independent ancestral lineages, i.e., founder genomes, and thus avoid redundant information from regions that were inherited identical by descent (IBD) from a common ancestor. We present SampleSeq2 that can be used to select a subset of optimally unrelated subjects with minimal IBD sharing. It also can be used to estimate the number, GT, of founder chromosomes in a sample or select the minimum number of subjects that will carry a target GT. We evaluated SampleSeq2 compared to a random draw of a small number of subjects both by simulation and using the Anabaptist genealogy. SampleSeq2 provided an increase in GT relative to a random draw across a range of small sample sizes. This increase in founder chromosomes improves the power of association tests, mitigates the effect of cryptic relatedness on parameter estimates, increases the total yield of alleles from sequencing, and minimizes the average size of regions shared IBD around disease alleles in cases. Genet. Epidemiol. 36:472‐479, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Corporate social responsibility: what are the top three Orlando theme parks reporting?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine what the top three Orlando theme parks report about their corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities.Design/methodology/approach – Through content analysis, web sites, annual reports, and CSR reports of the top three theme park companies in Orlando, namely, Walt Disney World, Universal Orlando, and SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment were examined.Findings – The top three theme parks in Orlando mainly reported their CSR activities in relation to environment, community, and customers. Their diversity policies, employee welfare programs and employee volunteerism were also widely reported. Walt Disney World seemed to provide the most detailed CSR reporting in all areas.Research limitations/implications – In addition to content analysis of web sites and CSR reports, future studies may look at a single company and try to collect data via interviews and surveys. In addition, this paper only offers a view of the theme park's CSR reporting, since, each of the c.
The Consumption Unit of Society—The Family

HERE can be no accurate and inTtelligent discussion of the problems of the consumer in terms of the individual as the consuming unit. We live in families. In the 1930 census, 97y2 per cent of the population of the United States were listed as members of private family groups. Of course, it is as individuals that we enjoy the satisfactions of life. But in the provision of the goods and services which we need to satisfy our wants, the family and
Telecommuting, professional isolation, and employee development in public and private organizations

Summary This study employs a grounded theory methodology to compare the impact telecommuting has on public and private employees’ perceptions of professional isolation. It relied on 93 semi-structured interviews with telecommuters, non-telecommuters, and their respective supervisors in two high technology firms and two city governments. These organizations had active telecommuting programmes and a strong interest in making telecommuting a successful work option, providing an opportunity to investigate the challenges of telecommuting that existed even within friendly environments. The interviews demonstrated that professional isolation of telecommuters is inextricably linked to employee development activities (interpersonal networking, informal learning, and mentoring). The extent to which telecommuters experience professional isolation depends upon the extent to which these activities are valued in the workplace and the degree to which telecommuters miss these opportunities. Public respondents appeared to value these informal developmental activities less than private employees. Therefore, we stipulate that telecommuting is less likely to hinder the professional development of public sector employees than that of employees in the private sector. Copyright # 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal Replacement Policy for Multi-State System Under Imperfect Maintenance

A multi-state system (MSS) has more than two discrete states corresponding to different performance rates. Usually, MSS is viewed as in a failure state once its performance rate falls below user demand, and maintenance is carried out immediately. Generally, the repaired system cannot be regarded as good as new, and oftentimes the system restoration is stochastic. We introduce an optimal replacement policy for MSSs, called policy N. Under this policy, a MSS is replaced whenever its failure number reaches N . We assess the dynamic element state probabilities of each aging multi-state element (MSE) using a stochastic process model which is identified as a non-homogeneous continuous time Markov model (NHCTMM), and we evaluate the state distribution of the entire MSS via the combination of the stochastic process, and the universal generating function (UGF). To quantify the quality of imperfect maintenance, a quasi-renewal process is used to describe the stochastic behavior of each individual MSE after repair. Moreover, we derive an explicit expression of the long-run expected profit per unit time, and determine the optimal failure number N* to replace the entire system. The proposed models are demonstrated via an illustrative case, followed by some comparative studies.
Complex I Is Rate-limiting for Oxygen Consumption in the Nerve Terminal*

Metabolic control analysis was used to determine the spread of control exerted by the electron transport chain complexes over oxygen consumption rates in the nerve terminal. Oxygen consumption rates and electron transport chain complex activities were titrated with appropriate inhibitors to determine the flux control coefficients and the inhibition thresholds in rat brain synaptosomes. The flux control coefficients for complex I, complex II/III, complex III, and complex IV were found to be 0.30 ± 0.07, 0.20 ± 0.03, 0.20 ± 0.05, and 0.08 ± 0.05, respectively. Inhibition thresholds for complex I, complex II/III, complex III, and complex IV activities were determined to be ∼10, ∼30, ∼35, and 50–65%, respectively, before major changes in oxygen consumption rates were observed. These results indicate that, of the electron transport chain components, complex I exerts a high level of control over synaptosomal bioenergetics, suggesting that complex I deficiencies that are present in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson disease, are sufficient to compromise oxygen consumption in the synaptosomal model of the nerve terminal.
Design of Controllers and Observer-Based Controllers for Time-Delay Singularly Perturbed Systems via Composite Control

This paper presents a novel and general approach, which is based on the composite control method, to synthesize the controller and observer-based state feedback to stabilize the singularly perturbed time-delay systems. First, the equivalent models of the original systems and the subsystems reduced via singular perturbation techniques are derived. Through these equivalent models, approximation of the stabilization and observer design for the original systems can be achieved through separate analyses for the slow and fast subsystems via a transformation of block diagonalization.
Anticipated feelings of guilt and shame as predictors of early adolescents' antisocial and prosocial interpersonal behaviour

The primary aim of this study was to examine how early adolescents' anticipated guilt and shame before adults in response to wrong doing are related to each other and to their antisocial and prosocial behaviour. Measures of anticipated guilt and shame before adults were obtained from 363 10- to 13-year-old participants. Correlational analyses were used to relate participants' anticipated guilt and shame before adults to their teacher-reported aggressive behaviour, to a peer-report-based measure of antisocial behaviour that combined nomination-based measures of bullying, aggression, and unempathic behaviour, and to a peer-report-based measure of prosocial behaviour that combined nomination-based measures of helping victims of bullying and of empathic behaviour. For exploratory reasons, anticipated guilt and shame before adults were also related to a peer-nomination-based measure of participants' outsider behaviour, that is their tendency to actively avoid all involvement in bullying. Results indicated that there was a considerable positive relation between anticipated guilt and shame before adults and that both types of anticipated affective responses were negatively related to antisocial behaviour and positively to prosocial and outsider behaviour. However, when guilt and shame before adults were controlled for each other using regression analyses, only guilt was positively related to prosocial behaviour and only shame before adults was negatively related to antisocial behaviour and positively to outsider behaviour. The findings concerning anticipated guilt are interpreted as being in line with previous theoretical and empirical accounts that depict guilt as an empathy-based response that helps the individual both to inhibit antisocial behaviour and to maintain important interpersonal relationships. The findings concerning shame before adults are interpreted as suggesting that anticipated shame before an audience that values the individual's adherence to moral norms primarily serves to inhibit antisocial behaviour.
Absence of strong strain effects in behavioral analyses of Shank3-deficient mice

Haploinsufficiency of SHANK3, caused by chromosomal abnormalities or mutations that disrupt one copy of the gene, leads to a neurodevelopmental syndrome called Phelan-McDermid syndrome, symptoms of which can include absent or delayed speech, intellectual disability, neurological changes and autism spectrum disorders. The SHANK3 protein forms a key structural part of the post-synaptic density. We previously generated and characterized mice with a targeted disruption of Shank3 in which exons coding for the ankyrin-repeat domain were deleted and expression of full-length Shank3 was disrupted. We documented specific deficits in synaptic function and plasticity, along with reduced reciprocal social interactions, in Shank3 heterozygous mice. Changes in phenotype owing to a mutation at a single locus are quite frequently modulated by other loci, most dramatically when the entire genetic background is changed. In mice, each strain of laboratory mouse represents a distinct genetic background and alterations in phenotype owing to gene knockout or transgenesis are frequently different across strains, which can lead to the identification of important modifier loci. We have investigated the effect of genetic background on phenotypes of Shank3 heterozygous, knockout and wild-type mice, using C57BL/6, 129SVE and FVB/Ntac strain backgrounds. We focused on observable behaviors with the goal of carrying out subsequent analyses to identify modifier loci. Surprisingly, there were very modest strain effects over a large battery of analyses. These results indicate that behavioral phenotypes associated with Shank3 haploinsufficiency are largely strain-independent.
Analysis of the Fine-Scale Population Structure of “Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis” in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Sludge, Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and Flow Cytometric Sorting

ABSTRACT To investigate the fine-scale diversity of the polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO) “Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis” (henceforth referred to as “Ca. Accumulibacter”), two laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) were operated with sodium acetate as the sole carbon source. During SBR operations, activated sludge always contained morphologically different “Ca. Accumulibacter” strains showing typical EBPR performances, as confirmed by the combined technique of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and microautoradiography (MAR). Fragments of “Ca. Accumulibacter” 16S rRNA genes were retrieved from the sludge. Phylogenetic analyses together with sequences from the GenBank database showed that “Ca. Accumulibacter” 16S rRNA genes of the EBPR sludge were clearly differentiated into four “Ca. Accumulibacter” clades, Acc-SG1, Acc-SG2, Acc-SG3, and Acc-SG4. The specific FISH probes Acc444, Acc184, Acc72, and Acc119 targeting these clades and some helpers and competitors were designed by using the ARB program. Microbial characterization by FISH analysis using specific FISH probes also clearly indicated the presence of different “Ca. Accumulibacter” cell morphotypes. Especially, members of Acc-SG3, targeted by probe Acc72, were coccobacillus-shaped cells with a size of approximately 2 to 3 μm, while members of Acc-SG1, Acc-SG2, and Acc-SG4, targeted by Acc444, Acc184, and Acc119, respectively, were coccus-shaped cells approximately 1 μm in size. Subsequently, cells targeted by each FISH probe were sorted by use of a flow cytometer, and their polyphosphate kinase 1 (ppk1) gene homologs were amplified by using a ppk1-specific PCR primer set for “Ca. Accumulibacter. ” The phylogenetic tree based on sequences of the ppk1 gene homologs was basically congruent with that of the 16S rRNA genes, but members of Acc-SG3 with a distinct morphology comprised two different ppk1 genes. These results suggest that “Ca. Accumulibacter” strains may be diverse physiologically and ecologically and represent distinct populations with genetically determined adaptations in EBPR systems.