Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time Efficient Offloading Optimization in Automotive Multi-Access Edge Computing Networks Using Mean-Field Games

Emerging connected vehicular services, such as intelligent driving and high-definition (HD) map, are gaining increasing interest with the fast development of multi-access edge computing (MEC). For most time-sensitive and computation-intensive vehicular services, the data offloading process significantly influences the capacity and performance of MEC, especially when the number of connected vehicles is enormous. In this work, we consider data offloading optimization for a large-scale automotive MEC network. The problem is challenging due to the large number of connected vehicles and the complicated interaction between vehicles and edge servers. To tackle the scalability problem, we reformulate the original offloading optimization problem into a Mean-Field-Game (MFG) problem by abstracting the interaction among the connected vehicles as a distribution over their state spaces of task sizes, known as the mean-field term. To solve the problem efficiently, we propose a G-prox Primal-Dual-Hybrid-Gradient (PDHG) algorithm that transforms the MFG problem into a saddle-point problem. Based on our developed MFG model and G-prox PDHG algorithm, we propose the first data offloading scheme whose computation time is independent of the number of connected vehicles in automotive MEC systems. Extensive evaluation results corroborate the superior performance of our proposed scheme compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
Survey of galactic CO emission toward compact extragalactic millimeter-wave continuum sources

We have searched for galactic CO J=1-0 line emission toward some 100 known and likely extragalactic millimeter-wave continuum sources culled from the BIMA, NRO, and VLA calibrator source lists. The survey comprises essentially all sources suitable at the epoch of observation for CO absorption studies, and probably more than half of all sources north of −30° declination which will typically have 3 mm fluxes of order 1 Jy in the future. We saw only 11 lines in nine directions, of which eight of the former and six of the latter had not previously been detected
Orthosystems of submodules of a module

Abstract Let M be a module over a ring. We first introduce a certain algebraic subsystem Σ of the lattice of all submodules of M (an orthosystem of submodules). We then show that any ortholattice can be represented as a Σ for a suitable module. Next, we introduce linear (resp. pre-Hilbert) ortholattices as those ortholattices that allow for a “linear” representation Σ (resp. for a meet-preserving “linear” representation Σ). These notions involve a type of splitting property of Σ. As an important example, we show that any Boolean algebra is pre-Hilbertian. We then find that linear orthosystems are orthomodular and that they satisfy the ortho-Arguesian law. In the rest, we consider complete orthosystems. We show that each complete orthosystem can be induced by an orthogonality relation on M. If is a linear orthospace on M then the collection of all -closed submodules is a complete orthosystem, and vice versa. Finally, we address a natural model theoretic question on the axiomatization of orthomodular orthosystems. —The results obtained may contribute to the algebraic foundation of quantum theory.
On the Nature of the Ions in Air and in Carbon Dioxide

Mobilities of ions of air and C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ in initial and final stages. \char22{}It has previously been shown that in air the positive ions have an initial mobility equal to that of negative ions, 1.87 cm/sec. /volt/cm, which decreases in about 1/50 sec. on the average to 1.36 cm/sec. /volt/cm. Using improved apparatus with an air speed of 20 m/sec. and fields of over 1000 volts/cm. , curves were obtained showing clearly the presence of both initial and final ions. These are the same whether $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ or $\ensuremath{\beta}$ rays are used to produce the ions. Negative ions show only one mobility. C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ ions gave curves which, within experimental error, agree with those for air, indicating one negative and two positive ions, but the time of transition to the final positive stage is somewhat shorter for C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. These results are best explained by assuming that in these cases ionization involves merely the detachment of an electron from a molecule, leaving a positive mono-molecular ion which soon attaches itself to a neutral molecule forming the final somewhat unstable bimolecular positive ion, while the electron almost immediately joins a neutral molecule forming a stable negative mono-molecular ion. Dissociation seems to play only a small part. It is concluded that single molecules singly charged, positively or negatively, all have about the same mobility which is independent of mass and molecular volume, and that a singly charged cluster of two or more molecules, not forming a single molecule, has a smaller mobility.
Spheroid-based optical cavities for tunable photon recycling and emitter temperature control in robust solar thermophotovoltaic systems

Abstract. The theoretical efficiency of solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) systems is much greater than their efficiencies achieved in practice. Optical cavities can improve the performance of STPV systems by increasing the emitter-to-PV cell view factor and by facilitating photon recycling, whereby photons are reflected back to the emitter. Photon recycling reduces losses and increases the temperature of the emitter, thereby increasing efficiency. Our study presents STPV systems comprising optical cavities in the form of oblate and prolate spheroids. The geometry of the optical cavity can be tuned to control the degree of photon recycling, emitter temperature, emission losses, and the emitter-to-PV cell effective view factor and separation distance without using complex nano- or microstructured materials or optical filters. Numerical analysis shows an optical cavity in the form of a prolate spheroid, prolate spheroid with a middle annular aperture specular reflector, and integrated oblate- and prolate-spheroid can be used to achieve efficiencies of 17.7%, 18.9%, and 22%, respectively, under solar irradiation at a concentration factor of 1500X. These robust spheroid-based optical cavities can be used to design improved STPV systems with increased durability and higher performance.
Ergodic Control, Bias, and Sensitive Discount Optimality for Markov Diffusion Processes

Abstract This article deals with expected average reward (a.k.a. ergodic reward) and sensitive discount criteria for a general class of Markov diffusion processes. We give conditions under which: (1) average reward optimality and strong − 1-discount optimality are equivalent; (2) strong 0-discount optimality implies bias optimality; and (3) bias optimality implies 0-discount optimality. Moreover, under additional hypotheses, (4) bias optimality also implies strong 0-discount optimality. Thus, under previous results that guarantee average and bias optimality, we ensure that strong − 1-discount and strong 0-discount optimality hold.
Influence of the equatorial warm water pool on the tropical cyclogenesis: an aqua planet experiment

Aqua planet experiments were performed to investigate any favorable environmental conditions for tropical cyclogenesis with a high‐resolution atmospheric general circulation model. Zonally localized enhanced sea surface temperature distributions on the equator modify atmospheric circulation east–west asymmetrically. Tropical cyclogenesis is observed in the off‐equatorial western half of the warm water pool where an enhanced distribution of absolute vorticity is produced. The region associated with the equatorward planetary vorticity transport contributes to make the western half of the pool notably favorable for generating tropical cyclones. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
The strong law under random truncation

The random truncation model is defined by the conditional probability distribution H(x, y) = P[X ≤ x, Y ≤ y|X ≥ Y] where X and Y are independent random variables. A problem of interest is the estimation of the distribution function F of X with data from the distribution H. Under random truncation, F need not be fully identifiable from H and only a part of it, say F 0 , is. We show that the nonparametric MLE F n of F 0 obeys the strong law of large numbers in the sense that for any nonnegative, measurable function O(x), the integrals ∫ O(x) dF n (x) → ∫ O(x) dF 0 (x) almost surely as n tends to infinity. Similar results were first obtained by Stute and Wang for the right censoring model. The results are useful in establishing the strong consistency of various estimates. Some of our results are derived from the weak consistency of F n obtained by Woodroofe.
A review of volume scatter theories for modeling applications

Volume scatter theories commonly applied to develop scatter models for vegetation, snow, and sea ice are reviewed. These include (1) the first-order theories based on the Born approximation, the distorted Born approximation, and the renormalization method and (2) the multiple scatter theories based on the radiative transfer method and the matrix doubling method. Applications of the scatter models developed from a first-order theory and a multiple scatter theory are illustrated. Additional applications available in the literature are cited.
Modified method of perturbed stationary states. IV. Electron-capture cross sections for the reaction C/sup 6 +/+H(1s). -->. C/sup 5 +/(n,l)+H/sup +/

Previously reported ten-state perturbed stationary-state calculations for C/sup 6 +/-H(1s) collisions are extended by increasing the basis to include all molecular states correlating to the principal levels n = 3, 4, and 5 of the final C/sup 5 +/(nlm) atomic ion. This allows cross sections to be computed for the angular momentum sublevels, l, of each of the above n. The H-atom energy range extends from 13 eV to 27 keV. Adiabatic calculations are done for energies below 1.3 keV, and partially diabatic calculations are done at higher energies. The inclusion of states with magnetic quantum number m> or =2 in the new basis leads to significant increases in the n = 5 capture cross section even at rather low energies. Two translational factors, which depend on the internuclear separation, are employed in the construction of the scattering basis. One is used for the state which correlates to H(1s); the other is used for all states correlating to states of C/sup 5 +/. For purposes of comparison, cross sections are also computed for the same scattering basis with the use of the method of Bates and McCarroll and the method of Piacentini and Salin. The heavy-particle motion is treated semiclassically,more » with the use of Riley's average approximation at energies below 1.3 keV and the straight-line impact-parameter method at higher energies. As in the ten-state calculations, it is shown that adiabatic and diabatic formulations lead to rather different values for the cross sections at the higher energies. The results are compared with the experimental and theoretical cross sections obtained by other researchers. « less
An explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model for incompressible and compressible turbulent flows

Some new developments of explicit algebraic Reynolds stress turbulence models (EARSM) are presented. The new developments include a new near-wall treatment ensuring realizability for the individual stress components, a formulation for compressible flows, and a suggestion for a possible approximation of diffusion terms in the anisotropy transport equation. Recent developments in this area are assessed and collected into a model for both incompressible and compressible three-dimensional wall-bounded turbulent flows. This model represents a solution of the implicit ARSM equations, where the production to dissipation ratio is obtained as a solution to a nonlinear algebraic relation. Three-dimensionality is fully accounted for in the mean flow description of the stress anisotropy. The resulting EARSM has been found to be well suited to integration to the wall and all individual Reynolds stresses can be well predicted by introducing wall damping functions derived from the van Driest damping function. The platform for the model consists of the transport equations for the kinetic energy and an auxiliary quantity. The proposed model can be used with any such platform, and examples are shown for two different choices of the auxiliary quantity.
Streptomyces development is involved in the efficient containment of viral infections

Abstract The formation of plaques represents the hallmark of phage infection visualizing the clearance of the bacterial lawn in structured environments. In this study, we have addressed the impact of cellular development on phage infection in Streptomyces undergoing a complex developmental life cycle. Analysis of plaque dynamics revealed, after a period of plaque size enlargement, a significant regrowth of transiently phage-resistant Streptomyces mycelium into the lysis zone. Analysis of Streptomyces venezuelae mutant strains defective at different stages of cellular development indicated that this regrowth was dependent on the onset of the formation of aerial hyphae and spores at the infection interface. Mutants restricted to vegetative growth (ΔbldN) featured no significant constriction of plaque area. Fluorescence microscopy further confirmed the emergence of a distinct zone of cells/spores with reduced cell permeability towards propidium iodide staining at the plaque periphery. Mature mycelium was further shown to be significantly less susceptible to phage infection, which is less pronounced in strains defective in cellular development. Transcriptome analysis revealed the repression of cellular development at the early stages of phage infection probably facilitating efficient phage propagation. We further observed an induction of the chloramphenicol biosynthetic gene cluster highlighting phage infection as a trigger of cryptic metabolism in Streptomyces. Altogether, our study emphasizes cellular development and the emergence of transient phage resistance as an important layer of Streptomyces antiviral immunity.
Liquid self-balancing device effects on flexible rotor stability

Nearly a century ago, the liquid self-balancing device was first introduced by M. LeBlanc for passive balancing of turbine rotors. Although of common use in many types or rotating machines nowadays, little information is available on the unbalance response and stability characteristics of this device. Experimental fluid flow visualization evidences that radial and traverse circulatory waves arise due to the interaction of the fluid backward rotation and the baffle boards within the self-balancer annular cavity. The otherwise destabilizing force induced by trapped fluids in hollow rotors, becomes a stabilizing mechanism when the cavity is equipped with adequate baffle boards. Further experiments using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) enable to assess the active fluid mass fraction to be one-third of the total fluid mass. An analytical model is introduced to study the effects of the active fluid mass fraction on a flexible rotor supported by flexible supports excited by bwo different destabilizing mechanisms; rotor internal friction damping and aerodynamic cross-coupling. It is found that the fluid radial and traverse forces contribute to the balancing action and to improve the rotor stability, respectively.
Lyophilized Progenitor Tenocyte Extracts: Sterilizable Cytotherapeutic Derivatives with Antioxidant Properties and Hyaluronan Hydrogel Functionalization Effects

Cultured primary progenitor tenocytes in lyophilized form were previously shown to possess intrinsic antioxidant properties and hyaluronan-based hydrogel viscosity-modulating effects in vitro. The aim of this study was to prepare and functionally characterize several stabilized (lyophilized) cell-free progenitor tenocyte extracts for inclusion in cytotherapy-inspired complex injectable preparations. Fractionation and sterilization methods were included in specific biotechnological manufacturing workflows of such extracts. Comparative and functional-oriented characterizations of the various extracts were performed using several orthogonal descriptive, colorimetric, rheological, mechanical, and proteomic readouts. Specifically, an optimal sugar-based (saccharose/dextran) excipient formula was retained to produce sterilizable cytotherapeutic derivatives with appropriate functions. It was shown that extracts containing soluble cell-derived fractions possessed conserved and significant antioxidant properties (TEAC) compared to the freshly harvested cellular starting materials. Progenitor tenocyte extracts submitted to sub-micron filtration (0.22 µm) and 60Co gamma irradiation terminal sterilization (5–50 kGy) were shown to retain significant antioxidant properties and hyaluronan-based hydrogel viscosity modulating effects. Hydrogel combination products displayed important efficacy-related characteristics (friction modulation, tendon bioadhesivity) with significant (p < 0.05) protective effects of the cellular extracts in oxidative environments. Overall, the present study sets forth robust control methodologies (antioxidant assays, H2O2-challenged rheological setups) for stabilized cell-free progenitor tenocyte extracts. Importantly, it was shown that highly sensitive phases of cytotherapeutic derivative manufacturing process development (purification, terminal sterilization) allowed for the conservation of critical biological extract attributes.
Did radiation exposure increase with chest computed tomography use among different ages during the COVID-19 pandemic? A multi-center study with 42028 chest computed tomography scans

PURPOSE To determine whether radiation exposure increased among different ages with chest computed tomography (CT) use during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS Patients with chest CT scans in an 8-month period of the pandemic between March 15, 2020, and November 15, 2020, and the same period of the preceding year were included in the study. Indications of chest CT scans were obtained from the clinical notes and categorized as infectious diseases, neoplastic disorders, trauma, and other diseases. Chest CT scans for infectious diseases during the pandemic were compared with those with the same indications in 2019. The dose-length product values were obtained from the protocol screen individually. RESULTS The total number of chest CT scans with an indication of infectious disease was 21746 in 2020 and 4318 in 2019. Total radiation exposure increased by 573% with the use of chest CT for infectious indications but decreased by 19% for neoplasia, 12% for trauma, and 43% for other reasons. The mean age of the patients scanned in 2019 was significantly higher than those scanned during the pandemic (64.6 vs. 50.3 years). A striking increase was seen in the 10–59 age group during the pandemic (P < 0.001). The highest increase was seen in the 20–29 age group, being 18.6 fold. One death was recorded per 58 chest CT scans during the pandemic. Chest CT use was substantially higher at the beginning of the pandemic. CONCLUSION Chest CT was excessively used during the COVID-19 pandemic. Young and middle-aged people were exposed more than others. The impact of COVID-19-pandemic-related radiation exposure on public health should be followed carefully in future years.
A Prototype of Garbage Picker Ship Robot Using Arduino Nano Microcontroller

This study aims to create a robot prototype for a garbage collection ship made using an Arduino nano microcontroller. The prototype of this garbage collection robot vessel is controlled by an Android smartphone application that is connected via Bluetooth. The prototype of the robot of the boat was made to deal with piles of garbage that can cause flooding. The method used in making the prototype ship robot along with the controller application begins with identifying the problem, namely the problem of piles of garbage, then needs analysis. Moreover, in this research, what will be developed is in terms of design, ship robot prototype, and ship robot controller design. Next is implementation and testing. The prototype of the garbage collection ship robot uses an Arduino nano microcontroller and in making a controller application using Android Basic 4. Then the trial stage was carried out on an Android smartphone. The results of this study are a prototype ship robot that can move according to commands through a controller application.
SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF UAV IMAGES BASED ON U-NET IN URBAN AREA

Abstract. Semantic segmentation of aerial data has been one of the leading researches in the field of photogrammetry, remote sensing, and computer vision in recent years. Many applications, including airborne mapping of urban scenes, object positioning in aerial images, automatic extraction of buildings from remote sensing or high-resolution aerial images, etc., require accurate and efficient segmentation algorithms. According to the high potential of deep learning algorithms in the classification of complex scenes, this paper aims to train a deep learning model to evaluate the semantic segmentation accuracy of UAV-based images in urban areas. The proposed method implements a deep learning framework based on the U-Net encoder-decoder architecture, which extracts and classifies features through layers of convolution, max pooling, activation, and concatenation in an end-to-end process. The obtained results compare with two traditional machine learning models, Random Forest (RF) and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). They rely on two steps that involve extracting features and classifying images. In this study, the experiments are performed on the UAVid2020 semantic segmentation dataset from the ISPRS database. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed deep learning framework, so that the U-Net architecture achieved the best results with 75.15% overall accuracy, compared to RF and MLP algorithms with 52.51% and 54.65% overall accuracy, respectively.
Effects of GaP Cap Layer Growth on Self-Assembled InAs Islands Grown on GaP (001) by Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy

We have fabricated GaP/InAs islands/GaP structures using various growth sequences for the GaP cap layer, by low-pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (LP-OMVPE). The effects of the growth sequences on the buried InAs islands and the GaP cap layers have been investigated by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The two-step growth sequence is effective for the growth of GaP cap layers, whereby the first GaP layer is grown at the same temperature as InAs islands and the second GaP layer is successively grown at the optimized growth temperature of GaP. The growth sequence yields good-quality GaP/InAs islands/GaP structures with small InAs islands (15 nm in width and 5 nm in height) and a high-quality GaP cap layer. Droplet heteroepitaxy of GaP cap layers is feasible for the control of the size of buried InAs islands.