Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Juggling Two Languages in One Mind

Judith Kroll is Distinguished Professor of Psychology, Linguistics, and Women’s Studies and Co-Director of the Center for Language Science at Pennsylvania State University. She completed her undergraduate work at New York University and her graduate work at Brandeis University. She previously held faculty positions at Mount Holyoke College, Rutgers University, and Swarthmore College. Together with Annette de Groot, she co-edited Tutorials in Bilingualism: Psycholinguistic Perspectives (1997, Erlbaum) and the Handbook of Bilingualism: Psycholinguistic Approaches (2005, Oxford). The research that she and her students pursue concerns the acquisition, comprehension, and production of words in two languages during second language learning and in proficient bilingual performance. Their work is supported by grants from the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health and by a network of collaborators in The Netherlands, Spain, the UK, and China. Together with Suparna Rajaram and Randi Martin, she is one of the founding organizers of Women in Cognitive Science, an organization developed to promote the advancement of women in the cognitive sciences.
Separating Sustained From Transient Aspects of Cognitive Control During Thought Suppression

Cognitive theories of how people regulate their thoughts have suggested the involvement of two control processes that occur over different time courses. These cognitive accounts parallel recent neural models of executive control, which suggest that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) mediates sustained changes in the allocation of control processes, whereas the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) relays a transient need for additional control. Combining these cognitive and neural models of control, we used recently developed analysis techniques to distinguish transient from sustained changes in brain activation while subjects attempted to suppress an unwanted thought. Results were consistent with both models: Dorsolateral PFC demonstrated sustained increases in activation during attempts at thought suppression, whereas bilateral ACC demonstrated transient increases associated with occurrences of unwanted thoughts. These data support proposals regarding the different contributions made by the PFC and ACC to executive control and provide initial neuroimaging support for dual-process models of how individuals regulate their thoughts.
Communication, visualization and social aspects involved on a virtual collaborative learning environment

This paper discusses the influence of communication modalities and social aspects on the development of virtual collaborative distance education environments. We based this discussion on the use and development of TelEduc, a virtual distance education environment that has been developed since 1996 and through which many courses have been supported. We have used participatory design on its development and this method has evidenced social aspects that should be considered. Its last version has incorporated tools to support social aspects and to facilitate interaction, improving the educational process.
Critical Points of Pairs of Varieties of Algebras

For a class of algebras, denote by Conc the class of all (∨, 0)-semilattices isomorphic to the semilattice ConcA of all compact congruences of A, for some A in . For classes and of algebras, we denote by the smallest cardinality of a (∨, 0)-semilattices in Conc which is not in Conc if it exists, ∞ otherwise. We prove a general theorem, with categorical flavor, that implies that for all finitely generated congruence-distributive varieties and , is either finite, or ℵn for some natural number n, or ∞. We also find two finitely generated modular lattice varieties and such that , thus answering a question by J. Tůma and F. Wehrung.
Android Repository Mining for Detecting Publicly Accessible Functions Missing Permission Checks

Android has become the most popular mobile operating system. Millions of applications, including many malware, haven been developed for it. Even though its overall system architecture and many APIs are documented, many other methods and implementation details are not, not to mention potential bugs and vulnerabilities that may be exploited. Manual documentation may also be easily outdated as Android evolves constantly with changing features and higher complexities. Techniques and tool supports are thus needed to automatically extract information from different versions of Android to facilitate whole-system analysis of undocumented code. This paper presents an approach for alleviating the challenges associated with whole-system analysis. It performs usual program analysis for different versions of Android by control-flow and data-flow analyses. More importantly, it integrates information retrieval and query heuristics to customize the graphs for purposes related to the queries and make whole-system analyses more efficient. In particular, we use the approach to identify functions in Android that can be invoked by applications in either benign or malicious way, which are referred to as publicly accessible functions in this paper, and with the queries we provided, identify functions that may access sensitive system and/or user data and should be protected by certain permission checks. Based on such information, we can detect some publicly accessible functions in the system that may miss sufficient permission checks. As a proof of concept, this paper has analyzed six Android versions and shows basic statistics about the publicly accessible functions in the Android versions, and detects and verifies several system functions that miss permission checks and may have security implications.
Aerosolized Gentamicin Reduces the Burden of Tuberculosis in a Murine Model

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease problem: 1.7 million people annually die due to TB. Emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the lack of new antibiotics have exacerbated the situation. There is an urgent need to develop or repurpose drugs against TB. We evaluated inhaled gentamicin as direct respiratory system-targeted therapy in a murine model of TB. Aerosolized-gentamicin-treated mice showed significantly reduced lung M. tuberculosis loads and fewer granulomas relative to untreated controls. These results suggest that direct delivery of antibiotics to the respiratory system may provide therapeutic benefit to conventional treatment regimes for treatment of pulmonary TB.
Estradiol treatment and luteinizing hormone (LH) response of prepubertal Holstein heifers.

Twenty-one prepubertal Holstein heifers 29 ± 1 weeks of age (188 ± 9kg) were given estradiol (E2) at various dosages, in different forms and by different routes of administration. Response was measured by changes in blood serum LH. Estrous behavior was not induced in any of the heifers treated with E2. Priming with progesterone had no effect on the LH response in heifers given 4 mg 17 -estradioI intramuscularly. An LH surge was observed at all dosages of E2 (62.5-4000 i g’ but not in all heifers treated. The failure of heifers to respond was not related to dosage of E2, to pretreatment serum progesterone levels or to the size or age of the heifers. However, pretreatment serum LH levels tended to be higher (1.7 ± 0.2 vs 0.9 ± 0.1 ng/ml;P=0.07) m heifers which failed to respond. Over all experiments, a slight relationship (b=0.002, P=0.06) was observed between the dosage of E2 and the quantity of LH released. Peak serum LH, time to peak serum LH and total serum LH released were equally effective in measuring the responsiveness of the heifers to E2. An LH release was observed in 80% of the heifers at 18 ± 0.8 h following E2 treatment. Peak serum LH levels averaged 42.5 ± 8.8 ng/mi and were highest following i.m. injection of 17#{216}-estradiol-3benzoate (74 ± 22 ng! ml). A 24 h i.v. infusion of E2 (2.6-41.7 Mg/h) also induced an LH release. We conclude that the prepubertal heifer, similar to the mature cow, has a functional hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal feedback system.
Dopamine-Induced Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease

Nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) may emerge secondary to the underlying pathogenesis of the disease, while others are recognized side effects of treatment. Inevitably, there is an overlap as the disease advances and patients require higher dosages and more complex medical regimens. The non-motor symptoms that emerge secondary to dopaminergic therapy encompass several domains, including neuropsychiatric, autonomic, and sleep. These are detailed in the paper. Neuropsychiatric complications include hallucinations and psychosis. In addition, compulsive behaviors, such as pathological gambling, hypersexuality, shopping, binge eating, and punding, have been shown to have a clear association with dopaminergic medications. Dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) is a compulsive behavior that is typically viewed through the lens of addiction, with patients needing escalating dosages of dopamine replacement therapy. Treatment side effects on the autonomic system include nausea, orthostatic hypotension, and constipation. Sleep disturbances include fragmented sleep, nighttime sleep problems, daytime sleepiness, and sleep attacks. Recognizing the non-motor symptoms that can arise specifically from dopamine therapy is useful to help optimize treatment regimens for this complex disease.
NUMERICAL METHOD FOR GENERATING THE ENTIRE PARETO FRONTIER IN MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION

In multidisciplinary optimization a designer solves a problem where there are different criteria usually contradicting each other. In general, the solution of such a problem is not unique. When seeking an optimal design, it is natural to exclude from the consideration any design solution which can be improved without deterioration of any discipline and violation of the constraints; in other words, a solution which can be improved without any trade-off. It leads to the Pareto optimal solutions. Mathematically, each Pareto point is a solution of the multidisciplinary optimization problem. Yet, it is important that the Pareto set is evenly distributed otherwise the representation of the Pareto surface may become inefficient. Although there are many numerical methods for vector optimization, only a few are able to generate the entire set of optimal solutions (Pareto frontier). It is very important for the decision maker, especially at the early design stages when most of the resources are committed, to be able to obtain maximum information on the Pareto surface at a minimal cost. The Physical Programming (PP) Method, suggested by Messac, is able to generate Pareto points on both convex and non-convex Pareto frontiers. The PP is substantially modified to make it simpler and more efficient for generating an even Pareto set. The algorithm does not provide non-Pareto solutions while local Pareto solutions may be easy recognized and removed in the framework of this method.
Mathematical Background for Wavelet Estimators of Cross-Covariance and Cross-Correlation

In this technical report we provide mathematical support to the claims in Whitcher, Guttorp, and Percival (1999). First, the decomposition of covariance by the wavelet covariance is rmly established. Central limit theorems for MODWT estimators of the wavelet covariance and correlation are then provided along with the de nition of the variance for estimators of wavelet covariance under the assumption of Gaussianity.
Peri-operative ketamine with the ambulatory elastometric infusion pump as an adjuvant to manage acute postoperative pain after spinal fusion in adults: a prospective randomized trial

Background In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of ketamine as an alternative to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), to manage acute postoperative pain after spinal fusion when given intravenously via a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump in which the dose was proportional to that of fentanyl. Methods Forty patients undergoing 1-2 level spinal fusion were enrolled in this study. Patients were intraoperatively randomized into two groups to receive intravenous PCA consisting either of fentanyl 0.4 µg/ml/kg (control group) or fentanyl 0.4 µg/ml/kg with ketamine 30 µg/ml/kg (ketamine group) after intravenous injection of a loading dose. The loading dose in the control group was fentanyl 1 µg/kg with normal saline equal to ketamine volume and in the ketamine group it was fentanyl 1 µg/kg with ketamine 0.2 mg/kg. The verbal numerical rating scale (NRS), fentanyl and ketamine infusion rate, and side effects were evaluated at 1, 24, and 48 hours after surgery. Results There were no significant differences in patient demographics, duration of surgery and anesthesia or intra-operative opioids administration. We did not find any significant differences in the mean infusion rate of intraoperative remifentanil or postoperative fentanyl or in the side effects between the groups, but we did find a significant difference in the NRS between the groups. Conclusions Based on our results, we conclude that a small dose of ketamine (0.5-2.5 µg/kg/min) proportional to fentanyl is not only safe, but also lowers postoperative pain intensity in patients undergoing spinal fusion, although the opioid-sparing effects of ketamine were not demonstrated.
Impaired Differentiation of Schwann Cells in Transgenic Mice with Increased PMP22 Gene Dosage

An intrachromosomal duplication containing the PMP22gene is associated with the human hereditary peripheral neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A, and PMP22 overexpression as a consequence of increased PMP22 gene dosage has been suggested as causative event in this frequent disorder of peripheral nerves. We have generated transgenic mice that carry additional copies of the pmp22 gene to prove that increased PMP22 gene dosage is sufficient to cause PNS myelin deficiencies. Mice carrying approximately 16 and 30 copies of the pmp22 gene display a severe congenital hypomyelinating neuropathy as characterized by an almost complete lack of myelin and marked slowing of nerve conductions. Affected nerves contain an increased number of nonmyelinating Schwann cells, which do not form onion bulbs but align in association with axons. The mutant Schwann cells are characterized by a premyelination-like state as indicated by the expression of embryonic Schwann cell markers. Furthermore, continued Schwann cell proliferation is observed into adulthood. We hypothesize that Schwann cells are impaired in their differentiation into the myelinating phenotype, leading to a disorder comparable to severe cases of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies. Our findings, combined with the analysis of heterozygous and homozygous PMP22-deficient mice, indicate that aberrant pmp22 gene copy numbers cause various forms of myelination defects.
Isolated fibrils rescue cohesion and development in the Dsp mutant of Myxococcus xanthus

Extracellular fibrils are involved in cell cohesion and cell development in Myxococcus xanthus. One group of social motility mutants, Dsp, is unable to produce extracellular fibrils; these mutants also lose the abilities to cohere and to develop. Extracellular fibrils isolated from vegetative wild-type cells and added to Dsp cells fully restored the abilities of these cells to cohere and to undergo normal morphological development. The fibrils thus mimic the ability of intact, wild-type cells to carry out the same rescue. Optimal cohesion rescue by fibrils required calcium and magnesium ions, did not require protein synthesis, but was energy dependent, i.e., sodium azide and sodium cyanide blocked rescue. Cohesion rescue was also blocked by the diazo dye Congo red. Cohesion rescue is genus specific, i.e., isolated fibrils did not cause the cohesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, or the related myxobacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca. Developmental rescue of Dsp by isolated fibrils included aggregation, fruiting body formation, and myxospore morphogenesis. Developmental gene expression in the Dsp mutant was only partially rescued by the isolated fibrils.
The cognitive structure of time estimation impairments in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

We compared the performance of 15 adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and a group of 16 control adults on a temporal bisection task in auditory and visual modalities. The point of subjective equality (PSE) and the difference limen (DL) were computed to analyse performance. The main findings were that (a) individuals with ADHD overestimated the duration of both the auditory and visual stimuli in comparison to the control group, as evidenced by a shift in their mean PSE; (b) individuals with ADHD also showed less precision in their estimates than did the control group as evidenced by flatter psychometric functions; and (c) the degrees of overestimation and imprecision in subjects with ADHD were comparable across modalities. These results, discussed in the framework of the pacemaker–counter clock model of time estimation, suggest that temporal difficulties encountered by ADHD patients might be explained both by an alertness effect at the level of the switch that directs pulses into the accumulator and also by distortions of durations stored in reference memory.
Hypothalamic amenorrhea with normal body weight: ACTH, allopregnanolone and cortisol responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone test.

OBJECTIVE Hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA) is a functional disorder caused by disturbances in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulsatility. The mechanism by which stress alters GnRH release is not well known. Recently, the role of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and neurosteroids in the pathophysiology of HA has been considered. The aim of the present study was to explore further the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in HA. DESIGN We included 8 patients (aged 23.16+/-1.72 years) suffering from hypothalamic stress-related amenorrhea with normal body weight and 8 age-matched healthy controls in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. METHODS We measured basal serum levels of FSH, LH, and estradiol and evaluated ACTH, allopregnanolone and cortisol responses to CRH test in both HA patients and healthy women. RESULTS Serum basal levels of FSH, LH, and estradiol as well as basal levels of allopregnanolone were significantly lower in HA patients than in controls (P<0.001) while basal ACTH and cortisol levels were significantly higher in amenorrheic patients with respect to controls (P<0.001). The response (area under the curve) of ACTH, allopregnanolone and cortisol to CRH was significantly lower in amenorrheic women compared with controls (P<0.001, P<0.05, P<0.05 respectively). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, women with HA, despite the high ACTH and cortisol levels and, therefore, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity, are characterized by low allopregnanolone basal levels, deriving from an impairment of both adrenal and ovarian synthesis. The blunted ACTH, allopregnanolone and cortisol responses to CRH indicate that, in hypothalamic amenorrhea, there is a reduced sensitivity and expression of CRH receptor. These results open new perspectives on the role of neurosteroids in the pathogenesis of hypothalamic amenorrhea.
A control of smooth deformations with topological change on a polyhedral mesh based on curves and loops

We propose a method to model and control topological changes by a smooth deformation of a polyhedral mesh using curves and loops. As changing the genus of a surface is not a continuous transformation, the topological change is made when an intermediate shape between the two topologies has been obtained. The creation and the deletion of holes are studied. The deletion of a hole uses non null-homotopic loops to designate the hole to be deleted. A method computing two independent loops associated to a hole is presented.
On the Utility of the Inverse Gamma Distribution in Modeling Composite Fading Channels

We introduce a general approach to characterize composite fading models based on inverse gamma (IG) shad- owing. We first determine to what extent the IG distribution is an adequate choice for modeling shadow fading, by means of a comprehensive test with field measurements and other distributions conventionally used for this purpose. Then, we prove that the probability density function and cumulative density function of any IG-based composite fading model are directly expressed in terms of a Laplace-domain statistic of the underlying fast fading model, and in some relevant cases, as a mixture of well-known state-of-the-art distributions. We exemplify our approach by presenting a composite IG/two-wave with diffuse power fading model, for which its statistical characterization is directly obtained in a simple form.
Distinct functions of the RNA polymerase σ subunit region 3.2 in RNA priming and promoter escape

The σ subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) has been implicated in all steps of transcription initiation, including promoter recognition and opening, priming of RNA synthesis, abortive initiation and promoter escape. The post-promoter-recognition σ functions were proposed to depend on its conserved region σ3. 2 that directly contacts promoter DNA immediately upstream of the RNAP active centre and occupies the RNA exit path. Analysis of the transcription effects of substitutions and deletions in this region in Escherichia coli σ70 subunit, performed in this work, suggests that (i) individual residues in the σ3. 2 finger collectively contribute to RNA priming by RNAP, likely by the positioning of the template DNA strand in the active centre, but are not critical to promoter escape; (ii) the physical presence of σ3. 2 in the RNA exit channel is important for promoter escape; (iii) σ3. 2 promotes σ dissociation during initiation and suppresses σ-dependent promoter-proximal pausing; (iv) σ3. 2 contributes to allosteric inhibition of the initiating NTP binding by rifamycins. Thus, region σ3. 2 performs distinct functions in transcription initiation and its inhibition by antibiotics. The B-reader element of eukaryotic factor TFIIB likely plays similar roles in RNAPII transcription, revealing common principles in transcription initiation in various domains of life.
HyperModules: identifying clinically and phenotypically significant network modules with disease mutations for biomarker discovery

Summary: Correlating disease mutations with clinical and phenotypic information such as drug response or patient survival is an important goal of personalized cancer genomics and a first step in biomarker discovery. HyperModules is a network search algorithm that finds frequently mutated gene modules with significant clinical or phenotypic signatures from biomolecular interaction networks. Availability and implementation: HyperModules is available in Cytoscape App Store and as a command line tool at www.baderlab. org/Sofware/HyperModules. Contact: Juri.Reimand@utoronto.ca or Gary.Bader@utoronto.ca Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online