Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DiffServ Model with Backpressure for CDMA2000

The nodes with shared-queues at the CDMA2000 data network have inherent rate mismatch and a single level of service. A core node, the packet control function (PCF) is processing power limited. Whereas a feeding node, the packet data serving node (PDSN), has superior processing metrics. A close-loop backpressure solution was proposed at the literature to efficiently control the PCF queue by utilizing PDSN free buffer space during PCF congestion events. Differentiated services (DiffServ) have been designed for Internet to provide multiple levels of network services. We propose a model for providing service differentiation at the CDMA2000 data networks. The model aims to provide service differentiations comparable to the traditional DiffServ model. The proposed improvement is in providing those services under the CDMA2000 structure of tandem nodes with large rate mismatch and a constraint of maintaining the complexity level of the processing limited core node (the PCF). The model uses a combination of backpressure and DiffServ techniques. The backpressure mechanism is used to push congestion from the PCF to the PDSN edge node where superior treatment of differentiated services can be provided to the traffic. The model differentiates services in terms of the relative access to the output link bandwidth and provides distinct handling to traffic at the multiple RED physical queues. It enables differentiation in terms of the achieved relative throughput, packet loss rate, delay, and jitter. We demonstrate the solution's robustness with various traffic scenarios and system topologies. We show that our architecture is effective in providing bandwidth differentiation, as well as throughput, packet drop rate, and average delay preferences.
Metabolism of Flumatinib, a Novel Antineoplastic Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Patients

4-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-N-[6-methyl-5-(4-pyridin-3-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-pyridin-3-yl]-3-trifluoromethyl-benzamide (flumatinib, HH-GV678), an antineoplastic tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is currently in Phase I clinical trials in China for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The purpose of this study was to identify the metabolites of flumatinib in CML patients, with the aim of determining the main metabolic pathways of flumatinib in humans after oral administration. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed 34 metabolites; 7 primary metabolites were confirmed by comparison with synthetic reference standards. The results show that the parent drug flumatinib was the main form recovered in human plasma, urine, and feces. The main metabolites of flumatinib in humans were the products of N-demethylation, N-oxidation, hydroxylation, and amide hydrolysis. In addition to these phase I metabolites, several phase II glucuronidation and acetylation products were detected in plasma, urine, and feces. The observed circulating metabolites included an N-demethylated metabolite (M1), two hydrolytic metabolites (M3, M4), oxidation metabolites (M2-1, M2-4, M2-7, M2-9, and M14), a glucuronide conjugate (M16-2), and several multiple metabolic products. Flumatinib was predominantly metabolized by amide bond cleavage to yield two corresponding hydrolytic products. By comparison with the related drug 4-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-N-[4-methyl-3-(4-pyridin-3-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-phenyl]-benzamide (imatinib), we concluded that the electron-withdrawing groups of trifluoromethyl and pyridine facilitated the amide bond cleavage and led to the in vivo formation of a carboxylic acid and an amine.
Fairness and stability of congestion control mechanisms of TCP

In this paper, we focus on fairness and stability of the congestion control mechanisms adopted in several versions of TCP by investigating their time–transient behaviors through an analytic approach. In addition to TCP Tahoe and TCP Reno, we also consider TCP Vegas which has been recently proposed for higher throughput, and enhanced TCP Vegas, which is proposed in this paper for fairness enhancements. We consider the homogeneous case, where two connections have the equivalent propagation delays, and the heterogeneous case, where each connection has different propagation delay. We show that TCP Tahoe and TCP Reno can achieve fairness among connections in the homogeneous case, but cannot in the heterogeneous case. We also show that TCP Vegas can provide almost fair service among connection, but there is some unfairness caused by the essential nature of TCP Vegas. Finally, we explain the effectiveness of our enhanced TCP Vegas in terms of fairness and throughput.
Development of a large consolidometer apparatus for testing peat and other highly organic soils

Summary and conclusions The development of a large consolidometer to ac-curately measure the consolidation response and representative hydraulic characteristics of slurries and undisturbed organic soils under increasing levels of effective stress has been presented. The new apparatus, which has a simple and robust design, incorporates a lubricated, ﬂ oating-ring conﬁ ning cell in order to minimise the boundary effects during large-strain consolidation condi-tions. Large, ﬁ rst-class quality, undisturbed core samples (152 mm in diameter and typically up to 300 mm in length; i.e. mini-structural scale) are obtained by pushing the uPVC tubing of the conﬁ ning cell directly into the soft ground. Maintained-load compression tests were carried out in the floating-ring consolidometer, over low-to-medium applied stress levels, along with intermittent hydraulic conductivity measurements under constant head, low Reynolds Number ﬂ ow conditions.Proving tests on saturated, undisturbed Sphagnum peat specimens indicated that when benchmarked against the standard fixed-ring oedometer apparatus, practically identical strain responses were measured using the large ﬂ oating-ring consolidometer (indicating similar bound-ary effects), despite the signiﬁ cantly different specimen scale and aspect ratios of 1:0.5 and 1:4, respectively. However, the distinct advantage of the consolidometer is that the much larger
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by the antifungal terbinafine: case report and review of the literature

Cutaneous drug reactions occur with a frequency of 1–8% and can be higher for certain classes of drugs. They can range from mild morbilliform eruptions to more severe forms such as drug‐hypersensitivity syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis or anaphylaxis. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is considered to be a clinical reaction pattern, which is induced in over 90% of the cases by systemic drugs. It is a rare presentation of an adverse drug reaction most frequently triggered by anti‐infectious drugs. A high proportion of these cases have been attributed to aminopenicillins and macrolides. We report a terbinafine‐induced AGEP in a 68‐year‐old male confirmed by lymphocyte stimulation in vitro, and review the published cases induced by antimycotic drugs with special emphasis on terbinafine‐triggered cases.
Reptile adenoviruses in cattle?

This paper describes a hypothesis on the origin of the members of the recently established adenovirus genus, Atadenovirus, invading cattle, sheep, deer, duck and poultry. Comparison of the phylogenetic trees of adenoviruses and their hosts suggests a very ancient but common origin for the atadenoviruses. The surprisingly large difference between these virus types and other adenoviruses infecting the same host can be easily understood by assuming their separate evolution in different hosts (e.g., in reptiles versus a coevolution with mammals and birds, respectively) followed by a later host switch.
TerraServer SAN-Cluster Architecture and Operations Experience

Microsoft TerraServer displays aerial, satellite, and to-pographic images of the earth in a SQL database available via the Internet. It is one of the most popular online at-lases, presenting seventeen terabytes of image data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Initially de-ployed in 1998, the system demonstrated the scalability of PC hardware and software - Windows and SQL Server - on a single, mainframe-class processor. In September 2000, the back-end database application was migrated to 4-node active/passive cluster connected to an 18 terabyte Storage Area Network (SAN). The new configuration was designed to achieve 99.99% availability for the back-end application. This paper describes the hardware and software components of the TerraServer Cluster and SAN, and describes our experience in configuring and operating this system for three years. Not surprisingly, the hardware and architecture delivered better than four-9's of availability, but operations mistakes delivered three-9's.
Clinical and laboratory findings in patients with oliguric and non-oliguric hantavirus haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: an analysis of 128 patients.

Patients with haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) may present without significant oliguria. We compared different initial clinical symptoms and laboratory findings in patients who developed oliguric acute renal failure (ARF) with those in patients who did not develop oliguric ARF. Overall, 128 patients with serologically confirmed HFRS were hospitalized at the University Hospital for Infectious Disease, Zagreb, Croatia between January 1999 and December 2010. Clinical signs and laboratory findings were extracted from medical charts, and were assessed for their relationship to the development of oliguric ARF. Puumala virus infection was diagnosed in 101 (79%) patients, and Dobrava-Belgrade virus infection in 27 (21%). Oliguria or anuria developed in 30% of patients. We identified the following risk factors for the development of oliguria and anuria on multivariable analysis: conjunctival hyperaemia or bleeding (relative risk (RR) 1.84, 95% CI 1.09-3.10; p 0.023), diarrhoea (RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.07-1.97; p 0.017), serum sodium of ≤133 mM (RR 2.21, 95% CI 1.34-3.64; p 0.002), and dipstick protein value of >1.5 g/L (RR 1.59, 95% CI 1.09-2.33; p 0.016), as well as hiking in the forest (RR 1.92, 95% CI 1.13-3.26; p 0.016). Our findings may help physicians in the earlier identification of patients with a more severe form of HFRS caused by Puumala and Dobrava-Belgrade viruses. Particular attention should be given to findings such as conjunctival hyperaemia or bleeding, diarrhoea, a low serum sodium level, and proteinuria.
Challenging IS and ISM Standardization for Business Benefits

This paper deals with challenges of the Information Security (IS) and Information Security Management (ISM) standards and their beneficial use in organizations. Emphasis is in the standardization within the committee ISO/IEC JTC1/SC27 and in its management standardization. It is also considered ISM standards’ complicated links with many other management standards. Principles, concepts and definitions are not considered consistently in the ISM standards. ISM standards use the recognized business management models very superficially. Standards do not make clear relations between ISM and Information Security Assurance (ISA). A real crisis in the ISM standardization is that it has no innovative solutions for modern business environments that emphasize speed, changes, agility, and complexity.The situational knowledge for the paper is based on worldwide observations by the authors through collaboration with many different contexts, organizations and expert networks. The paper provides a practical business-dedicated approach to the issue and brings together a business practitioner and an information security researcher knowing by long-standing experiences the real difficulties and possibilities in organizations. Recognized researchers have been referred for the links to sound multifaceted theoretical foundations.
Yield Prediction Technique using Hybrid Adaptive Neural Genetic Network

The application of neural networks (NNs) to problems of prediction has become increasingly popular. This paper presents a modified hybrid adaptive neural network with revised adaptive smoothing errors, based on a genetic algorithm, and using modified adaptive relaxation to build a learning system for complex problem solving in yield prediction. This system predicts weekly yield values of a tomato crop using environmental variables measured inside the greenhouse as inputs. The proposed learning system is an intelligent computing technique and the numerical values of the neural network connection weights are modified through a training algorithm, using a modified optimization approach. The paper further presents an analysis of the convergence rate of the error in a neural network. The method is evaluated using datasets from a tomato producer, so as to test the predictive ability of the method and compare it with standard models. The results show a comparatively good level of accuracy.
A backplane approach for cosimulation in high-level system specification environments

The design of microelectronic systems including hardware and software for open-loop and closed-loop control requires the combination of expertise from different domains. However, no integrated approach to the specification and design nor to the analysis and simulation of the overall system is available. The design of such complex and heterogeneous systems mandates a systematic, computer aided approach to requirements definition, specification and design as well as to the verification and validation of the results. A simulation backplane concept is presented for parallel mixed-mode cosimulation using a standardized interface. Synchronization mechanisms are developed and used that allow an efficient concurrent cosimulation.
Quasi‐synaptic calcium signal transmission between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria

Transmission of cytosolic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]c) oscillations into the mitochondrial matrix is thought to be supported by local calcium control between IP3 receptor Ca2+ channels (IP3R) and mitochondria, but study of the coupling mechanisms has been difficult. We established a permeabilized cell model in which the Ca2+ coupling between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria is retained, and mitochondrial [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]m) can be monitored by fluorescence imaging. We demonstrate that maximal activation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is evoked by IP3‐induced perimitochondrial [Ca2+] elevations, which appear to reach values >20‐fold higher than the global increases of [Ca2+]c. Incremental doses of IP3 elicited [Ca2+]m elevations that followed the quantal pattern of Ca2+ mobilization, even at the level of individual mitochondria. In contrast, gradual increases of IP3 evoked relatively small [Ca2+]m responses despite eliciting similar [Ca2+]c increases. We conclude that each mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake site faces multiple IP3R, a concurrent activation of which is required for optimal activation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. This architecture explains why calcium oscillations evoked by synchronized periodic activation of IP3R are particularly effective in establishing dynamic control over mitochondrial metabolism. Furthermore, our data reveal fundamental functional similarities between ER–mitochondrial Ca2+ coupling and synaptic transmission.
Evidence for the Heterolobosea from Phylogenetic Analysis of Genes Encoding Glyceraldehyde‐3‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase

ABSTRACT The phylogenetic relationships between major slime mould groups and the identification of their unicellular relatives has been a subject of controversy for many years. Traditionally, it has been assumed that two slime mould groups, the acrasids and the dictyostelids were related by virtue of their cellular slime mould habit; a view still endorsed by at least one current classification scheme, However, a decade ago, on the basis of detailed ultrastructural resemblances, it was proposed that acrasids of the family Acrasidae were not relatives of other slime moulds but instead related to a group of mostly free‐living unicellular amoebae, the Schizopyrenida. The class Heterolobosea was created to contain these organisms and has since figured in many discussions of protist evolution. We sought to test the validity of Heterolobosea by characterizing homologs of the highly conserved glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from an acrasid, Acrasis rosea; a dictyostelid, Dictyostelium discoideum; and the schizopyrenid Naegleria andersoni. Phylogenetic analysis of these and other GAPDH sequences, using maximum parsimony, neighbour‐joining distance and maximum likelihood methods strongly supports the Heterolobosea hypothesis and discredits the concept of a cellular slime mould grouping. Moreover, all of our analyses place Dictyostelium discoideum as a relatively recently originating lineage, most closely related to the Metazoa, similar to other recently published phylogenies of protein‐coding genes. However, GAPDH phylogenies do not show robust branching orders for most of the relationships between major groups. We propose that several of the incongruencies observed between GAPDH and other molecular phylogenies are artifacts resulting from substitutional saturation of this enzyme.
Listeria Protective T Cell Response Against Inducible Costimulator Protein Controls the

The inducible costimulator protein (ICOS) was recently identiﬁed as a costimulatory molecule for T cells. Here we analyze the role of ICOS for the acquired immune response of mice against the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes . During oral L. monocytogenes infection, low levels of ICOS expression were detected by extracellular and intracellular Ab staining of Listeria-speciﬁc CD4 (cid:1) and CD8 (cid:1) T cells. Blocking of ICOS signaling with a soluble ICOS-Ig fusion protein markedly impaired the Listeria-speciﬁc T cell responses. Compared with control mice, the ICOS-Ig treated mice generated signiﬁcantly reduced numbers of Listeria-speciﬁc CD8 (cid:1) T cells in spleen and liver, as determined by tetramer and intracellular cytokine staining. In contrast, the speciﬁc CD8 (cid:1) T cell response in the intestinal mucosa did not appear to be impaired by the ICOS-Ig treatment. Analysis of the CD4 (cid:1) T cell response revealed that ICOS-Ig treatment also affected the speciﬁc CD4 (cid:1) T cell response. When restimulated with listerial Ag in vitro, reduced numbers of CD4 (cid:1) T cells from infected and ICOS-Ig-treated mice responded with IFN- (cid:2) production. The impaired acquired immune response in ICOS-Ig treated mice was accompanied by their increased susceptibility to L. monocytogenes infection. ICOS-Ig treatment drastically enhanced bacterial titers, and a large fraction of mice succumbed to the otherwise sublethal dose of infection. Thus, ICOS costimulation is crucial for protective immunity against the intracellular bacterium L. monocytogenes . The Journal of Immunology, 2002, 169: 5813–5817. Bacterial titers were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test, and frequencies and numbers of tetramer-positive or cytokine-expressing cells were determined by unpaired Student’s t test. A value of p (cid:4) 0.05 was considered a statis- tically signiﬁcant difference.
Fast Boosting Based Detection Using Scale Invariant Multimodal Multiresolution Filtered Features

In this paper we propose a novel boosting-based sliding window solution for object detection which can keep up with the precision of the state-of-the art deep learning approaches, while being 10 to 100 times faster. The solution takes advantage of multisensorial perception and exploits information from color, motion and depth. We introduce multimodal multiresolution filtering of signal intensity, gradient magnitude and orientation channels, in order to capture structure at multiple scales and orientations. To achieve scale invariant classification features, we analyze the effect of scale change on features for different filter types and propose a correction scheme. To improve recognition we incorporate 2D and 3D context by generating spatial, geometric and symmetrical channels. Finally, we evaluate the proposed solution on multiple benchmarks for the detection of pedestrians, cars and bicyclists. We achieve competitive results at over 25 frames per second.
Beyond the Individual: The Contextual Wheel of Practice as a Research Framework for Sustainable HCI

Addressing human impact on the environment by focusing on shared everyday practices, rather than just individual behavior is an approach that shows promise. However, it can be challenging to put this approach into concrete use, especially in teams unfamiliar with the practice orientation. To support the practice approach, we introduce the Contextual Wheel of Practice (COWOP), a framework that can: 1) help researchers and designers to better understand practices, 2) design effective interventions, and 3) facilitate collaboration between team members from different disciplines, who may not be familiar with the practice orientation. We describe how COWOP was developed, and our experiences using COWOP in three different cases. We then position COWOP as part of the "turn to practice" in HCI, and discuss how it can be useful to HCI researchers and be applied in domains beyond sustainability, such as healthcare and privacy.
Role of sfk1 Gene in the Filamentous Fungus Penicillium roqueforti

The sfk1 (suppressor of four kinase) gene has been mainly studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where it was shown to be involved in growth and thermal stress resistance. This gene is widely conserved within the phylum Ascomycota. Despite this, to date sfk1 has not been studied in any filamentous fungus. Previously, we found that the orthologous of sfk1 was differentially expressed in a strain of Penicillium roqueforti with an altered phenotype. In this work, we have performed a functional characterization of this gene by using RNAi-silencing technology. The silencing of sfk1 in P. roqueforti resulted in decreased apical growth and the promotion of conidial germination, but interesting, it had no effect on conidiation. In addition, the attenuation of the sfk1 expression sensitized the fungus to osmotic stress, but not to thermal stress. RNA-mediated gene-silencing of sfk1 also affected cell wall integrity in the fungus. Finally, the silencing of sfk1 depleted the production of the main secondary metabolites of P. roqueforti, namely roquefortine C, andrastin A, and mycophenolic acid. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study of the sfk1 gene in filamentous fungi.
Nonoccurring Behavior Analytics: A New Area

Nonoccurring behaviors (NOBs) refer to those behaviors that should happen but do not take place for some reasons. They are widely seen in online, business, government, health, medical, scientific, and social data and applications. Very limited research has been undertaken to explore such behaviors owing to their invisibility and the significant challenges in analyzing NOBs. This article outlines the concept, intrinsic characteristics, significant challenges, main issues, research directions, and state-of-the-art work related to NOBs, followed by the prospects for and applications of NOB analytics.
APC and Intestinal Carcinogenesis Insights from Animal Models

ABSTRACT The APC protein is a crucial regulator of intestinal cell growth, and mutations in the APC gene are a common initial event in the process of human colorectal carcinogenesis. animals bearing germline mutations in Apc are therefore important models for human colorectal cancer. these animals have been used both to understand the biology of human colorectal cancer and to screen for agents able to prevent malignant transformation of susceptible intestinal cells.