Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acaricide Rotation Strategy for Managing Resistance in the Tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acarina: Ixodidae): Laboratory Experiment with a Field Strain from Costa Rica

Abstract During the past two decades, resistance to pyrethroids within the cattle tick genus Boophilus has caused tick control problems in various tropical countries, mainly in Latin America, southern Africa, Australia, and New Caledonia. A Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) strain from Costa Rica, exhibiting resistance to the pyrethroid deltamethrin but only a very low resistance to organophosphates (OP) was kept under selection pressure for 9 to 11 generations by using deltamethrin or coumaphos (OP), either exclusively or in rotation. The objective of this acaricide rotation was to examine the possibility of delaying or reducing the full emergence of pyrethroid resistance. In the substrain selected with deltamethrin at the LD50 concentration, resistance to deltamethrin was measured after five generations (resistance factor [RF] = 9.2) and very high resistance after 11 generations (RF = 756), compared with the starting field strain from Costa Rica. In the substrain selected with deltamethrin then coumaphos in rotation, resistance to deltamethrin was variable from one generation to the next (RF = 1–4.2), but no high, stable resistance developed. After 10 generations of rotation, the deltamethrin RF was 1.6. In the substrains selected continuously with coumaphos or coumaphos and deltamethrin in rotation, no consistent change in resistance to coumaphos was observed. Rotation of deltamethrin with coumaphos seems to delay the development of strong resistance to deltamethrin in a population that had initially a low level of deltamethrin resistance.
Selection of Representative Documents for Clusters in a Document Collection

An efficient way to explore a large document collection (e.g., the search results returned by a search engine) is to subdivide it into clusters of relatively similar documents, to get a general view of the collection and select its parts of particular interest. A way of presenting the clusters to the user is selection of a document in each cluster. For different purposes this can be done in different ways. We consider three cases: selection of the average, the “most typical,” and the “least typical” document. The algorithms are given, which rely on a dictionary of keywords reflecting the topic of the user’s interest. After clustering, we select a document in each cluster basing on its closeness to the other ones. Different distance measures are discussed; preliminary experimental results are presented. Our approach was implemented in the new version of Document Classifier system.
Lossy Hyperspectral Images Coding with Exogenous Quasi Optimal Transforms

It is well known in transform coding that the Karhunen-Loève Transform (KLT) can be suboptimal for non Gaussiansources. However in many applications using JPEG2000Part 2 codecs, the KLT is generally considered as the optimal linear transform for reducing redundancies between components of hyperspectral images. In previous works, optimal spectral transforms (OST) compatible with the JPEG2000 Part 2 standard have been introduced, performing better than the KLT but with an heavier computational cost. In this paper, we show that the OST computed on a learningbasis constituted of Hyperion hyperspectral images issuedfrom one sensor performs very well, and even better thanthe KLT, on other images issued from the same sensor.
Sensorimotor adaptation to audito speech: Acoustic and kinem

We investigated sensorimotor adaptation to auditory feedback perturbations during speech production. In Study I, formant or fundamental frequency (F0) feedback was manipulated during sustained vowels. When F0 feedback was altered, group data showed upward F0 adjustments regardless of the feedback shift direction. When formant feedback was altered, group data showed opposing adjustments in both the first and second formant. Sensorimotor adaptation was present at vowel onset, and subjects showed aftereffects when the auditory perturbation was removed. For Studies II (acoustics) and III (kinematics), subjects produced monosyllabic words while upward or downward formant feedback shifts were applied. Acoustic results replicated those for sustained vowels. Kinematic analyses of jaw and tongue positions and displacements indicated motor-equivalent adaptation in the overall gestures rather than individual articulators. Findings are highly consistent with recent data on limb movements and suggest continuous updating of forward and/or inverse internal models of the articulationto-acoustics transformations in the vocal tract.
A compact implementation of masked AES S-box

A masking scheme of AES algorithm is analyzed, and the optimal masked S-box is implemented in this paper. By using the “tower field” representation, all nonlinear process of unmasked S-box is mapped to multiplication in GF(2), which is a single AND gate in circuits, and power consumption is hidden by using additive masked. In order to further reduce the hardware cost, a simplified masked AND gate is adopted and masks are reused safely. Both gate-level simulation and FPGA testing result have proved that our implementation provides good resistance against DPA attack.
Why Eddy Momentum Fluxes are Concentrated in the Upper Troposphere

The extratropical eddy momentum flux (EMF) is controlled by generation, propagation, and dissipation of large-scale eddies and is concentrated in Earth’s upper troposphere. An idealized GCM is used to investigate how this EMF structure arises. In simulations in which the poles are heated more strongly than the equator, EMF is concentrated near the surface, demonstrating that surface drag generally is not responsible for the upper-tropospheric EMF concentration. Although Earth’s upper troposphere favors linear wave propagation, quasi-linear simulations in which nonlinear eddy–eddy interactions are suppressed demonstrate that this is likewise not primarily responsible for the upper-tropospheric EMF concentration. The quasi-linear simulations reveal the essential role of nonlinear eddy–eddy interactions in the surf zone in the upper troposphere, where wave activity absorption away from the baroclinic generation regions occurs through the nonlinear generation of small scales. In Earth-like atmospheres, wave activity that is generated in the lower troposphere propagates upward and then turns meridionally, eventually being absorbed nonlinearly in the upper troposphere. The level at which the wave activity begins to propagate meridionally appears to be set by the typical height reached by baroclinic eddies. This can coincide with the tropopause height but also can lie below it if convection controls the tropopause height. In the latter case, EMF is maximal well below the tropopause. The simulations suggest that EMF is concentrated in Earth’s upper troposphere because typical baroclinic eddies reach the tropopause.
NEUROGLIAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE HUMAN RETINAL CAPILLARY NETWORK*

THE investigation described in this paper was designed to throw light on one aspect of the vascular relationships in the human posterior retina; such investigations contribute to the more ambitious attempts to solve the difficult and obscure problem presented by the vascular changes in diabetic retinopathy. New and fruitful ideas on retinal structure, function, and pathology have been put forward in the studies of this serious disorder by Ashton (1959), Bloodworth (1962), and Cogan, Toussaint, and Kuwabara (1961). In particular, Cogan has emphasized the important functional relationships of Muller's cells; in the retina these modified astrocytes provide a clear example of the supporting function of neuroglia; their interrelationship with the capillary circulation in glucose metabolism has been shown to be crucial for retinal function. Special interest therefore attaches to detailed studies on the intimate structural relationships of the capillary endothelium in the posterior retina and to regional differences in glial distribution in relation to the capillary networks. In retinal research, the numerous cell types, complex interrelationships, and differences in characteristics from many central nervous cells, make new methods or modifications of standard techniques for nerve tissue of special importance in the determination of glial cell type and relationships and indicate the need for caution in interpretation.
Social Science Computer Review Volume Xx Number X Month Xxxx Xx-xx the Effect of Internet Use on Political Participation an Analysis of Survey Results for 16-year-olds in Belgium

Conflicting claims have been put forward regarding the effects of Internet use on real-life political participation. Some argue that Internet use, and the accompanying political resources, stimulates political participation; others fear that intensive Internet use is associated with a withdrawal from public life. This article's authors test both claims on a representative sample of 6,330 16-year-olds in Belgium. They investigate young people's behavior, assuming that young people are the most avid information and communication technologies users and the most susceptible to the influence of various socialization experiences. The authors introduce a distinction between time spent on the Internet (time-replacement hypothesis) and various activities performed online. Results show time on the Internet does not have an effect on the propensity to participate in public life. Although some online activities are clearly and significantly associated with offline political participation, it remains to be investigated whether this relation is a form of causality. I n little more than a decade, new information and communication technologies have dramatically changed our lives and interaction patterns. This is especially the case for adolescents who are among the most avid users of cellular phones, SMS messages, virtual communities, file sharing, and other new forms of interaction (Di Gennaro & Dutton, 2006). In the literature, various and sometimes even conflicting hypotheses have been developed with regard to the impact of the Internet explosion. Although some authors argue that the rise of new communication tools will strengthen the awareness of public affairs and provide citizens with new tools to play an active role in public life (Norris, 2001; Ward & Vedel, 2006), others are much more pessimistic about the social consequences of the Internet. It is feared that Internet users will reduce their real-life interaction and will simply remain at home in front of their computer screens (Putnam, 2000). Thus far, both hypotheses have been tested mainly among adult populations, without leading to any firm conclusions. In this article, we want to provide a new form of evidence by analyzing the effect of Internet use on young people. More specifically, we will rely on the results of a representative survey of 16-year-olds to investigate the relationship between various forms of Internet use and political and social participation. There are various
Cytokine production and signaling pathways in respiratory virus infection

It has been confirmed that respiratory virus infections can induce abberant cytokine production in the host. These cytokines may be associated with both elimination of the virus and complications in the host, such as virus-induced asthma. Representative host defense mechanisms against pathogens, including bacteria and viruses, are mediated by the innate immune system. Cells of the innate immune system express essential molecules, namely pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors. These PRRs can recognize components of pathogens such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide, viral antigens, and their genomes (DNA and RNA). Furthermore, PRRs activate various signaling pathways resulting in cytokine production against pathogen infection. However, the exact mechanisms remain unknown. In this review, we mainly focus on the representative mechanisms of cytokine production through PRRs and signaling pathways due to virus infections, including respiratory virus infections. In addition, we describe the relationships between respiratory infections and virus-induced asthma.
"Tho' she kneel'd in that place where they grew..." The uses and origins of primate colour vision.

The disabilities experienced by colour-blind people show us the biological advantages of colour vision in detecting targets, in segregating the visual field and in identifying particular objects or states. Human dichromats have especial difficulty in detecting coloured fruit against dappled foliage that varies randomly in luminosity; it is suggested that yellow and orange tropical fruits have co-evolved with the trichromatic colour vision of Old World monkeys. It is argued that the colour vision of man and of the Old World monkeys depends on two subsystems that remain parallel and independent at early stages of the visual pathway. The primordial subsystem, which is shared with most mammals, depends on a comparison of the rates of quantum catch in the short- and middle-wave cones; this system exists almost exclusively for colour vision, although the chromatic signals carry with them a local sign that allows them to sustain several of the functions of spatiochromatic vision. The second subsystem arose from the phylogenetically recent duplication of a gene on the X-chromosome, and depends on a comparison of the rates of quantum catch in the long- and middle-wave receptors. At the early stages of the visual pathway, this chromatic information is carried by a channel that is also sensitive to spatial contrast. The New World monkeys have taken a different route to trichromacy: in species that are basically dichromatic, heterozygous females gain trichromacy as a result of X-chromosome inactivation, which ensures that different photopigments are expressed in two subsets of retinal photoreceptor.
HUP: An Unstructured Hierarchical Peer-to-Peer Protocol

This paper presents an organized net- work architecture for unstructured peer-to-peer sys- tems where nodes are added to the network in a systematic way to e-ciently utilize the node re- sources. This network architecture is characterized by O(logm n) network diameter and O(logm n) messages for node joining and node failure, where n is the num- ber of nodes in the network and m is the number of children of a node. Purely decentralized systems like Gnutella route the query in an environment where the node capabilities are not identifled. Whereas the pro- posed Hierarchical Unstructured p2p (HUP) routes the query towards the high capable nodes. This or- ganization of nodes improves the probability of query success rate than that of purely unstructured systems.
Alternative to oral dicoumarin anticoagulants: Considerations in dental care

Introduction: For over 50 years, vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin (Aldocumar®) and acenocoumarol (Sintrom®) have been the gold standard for reducing the risk of cerebrovascular events. In the last 5 years alternative anticoagulants have been evaluated that act directly upon a concrete target within the coagulation cascade, thereby affording a more predictable anticoagulant effect. The present study offers an update on the new oral anticoagulants and reviews the implications referred to the dental care of patients administered these substances. Material and methods: An exhaustive PubMed-Medline and Cochrane Library search was made of the main alternatives to conventional oral anticoagulation, covering those studies published in English and Spanish over the last 10 years. Specialized textbooks and pharmaceutical catalogs were also consulted. A total of 184 articles were identified, of which 76 met the inclusion criteria. Results: The new oral anticoagulants dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban are safe and effective, and offer a series of advantages, including rapid action, no need for constant monitoring, few drug and food interactions, and a broad therapeutic margin. These drugs are expensive, however, and some lack a specific antidote, while others must be administered twice a day. Regarding the dental treatment of patients receiving these drugs, suspension or modification of the background medication is not required when performing invasive dental procedures, except where indicated by the prescribing physician. Conclusions: The new oral anticoagulants do not pose significantly greater risks than conventional oral anticoagulants when providing invasive dental treatment, and their suspension is not strictly required in such situations. Key words:Dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, dental, hemostasis.
Evidence for coupling between exciton emissions and surface plasmon in Ni-coated ZnO nanowires

We show that coating ZnO nanowires (NWs) with a transition metal, such as Ni, can increase the efficiency of light emission at room temperature. Based on detailed structural and optical studies, this enhancement is attributed to energy transfer between near-band-edge emission in ZnO and surface plasmons in the Ni film which leads to an increased rate of the spontaneous emission. It is also shown that the Ni coating leads to an enhanced non-radiative recombination via surface states, which becomes increasingly important at low measurement temperatures and in annealed ZnO/Ni NWs.
Topography of the Human Corpus Callosum

This study was undertaken to determine the topographical organization of fibers coursing through the human corpus callosum. We correlated the distribution of Wallerian degeneration in the corpus callosum with the anatomical sites of focal cortical lesions due to ischemic infarctions or circumscribed contusions. Fibers from the inferior frontal and anterior inferior parietal regions course through the rostrum and genu of the corpus callosum. Callosal connections from the temporo-parieto-occipital junctional region course through the splenium and caudal portion of the body of the corpus callosum. Both the superior parietal lobule and the occipital cortex give rise to interhemispheric fibers that course exclusively through the splenium of the corpus callosum. No callosal degeneration was associated with a cortical lesion in the anterior superior frontal region. The topographical organization of fibers in the human corpus callosum appears to be fairly similar to that found in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).
Hilbert-huang transform and its application in seismic signal processing

The detection of targets in military and security applications involves the usage of sensor systems which consist of a variety of sensors such as seismic, acoustic, magnetic and image ones as well. In order to extract signal features, which characterize particular targets, using of appropriate signal processing algorithms is required. Seismic signals can be considered as nonstationary and nonlinear signals especially in near-field seismic zone. Most of the signal processing algorithms assumed that signals are linear and stationary. However, in many cases this assumption is not valid, especially in case of seismic signals generated by moving vehicles, walking persons or gunfire activity. There are several methods which can be used for seismic signal processing, like short-time Fourier transform (STFT), Wavelet transform (WT) and Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD). The paper presents the concept of the seismic sensor system based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS) sensor SF1500S. A dedicated to vehicle detection. The main part of the paper deals with application of the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) to seismic signal processing in time and time-frequency domain. In conclusion, the outcomes of experiments provide comparison of HHT and STFT efficiency in terms of seismic features description of moving vehicle.
Optomechanically Induced Transparency

Mechanical Transparency In atomic gases and other solid-state systems with appropriate energy levels, manipulation of the optical properties can be induced with a control pulse, allowing the system to transmit light of specific wavelengths that would otherwise have been absorbed. Weis et al. (p. 1520, published online 11 November) now report electromagnetically induced transparency in an optomechanical system whereby the coupling of a cavity to a light pulse is used to control the transmission of light through the cavity. This approach may help to allow the engineering of light storage and routing on an optical chip. Radiation pressure is used to manipulate the optical properties of an optomechanical system. Electromagnetically induced transparency is a quantum interference effect observed in atoms and molecules, in which the optical response of an atomic medium is controlled by an electromagnetic field. We demonstrated a form of induced transparency enabled by radiation-pressure coupling of an optical and a mechanical mode. A control optical beam tuned to a sideband transition of a micro-optomechanical system leads to destructive interference for the excitation of an intracavity probe field, inducing a tunable transparency window for the probe beam. Optomechanically induced transparency may be used for slowing and on-chip storage of light pulses via microfabricated optomechanical arrays.
Special focus: visual literacy

The author questions the origin of the artist/scientist split, manifest in the structure of our higher educational institutions, and comments on the many existing and potential contributions of art to science, especially computer graphics and visualization. It is the author's view that the distinction between and separation of art and science is artificial and increasingly anachronistic, and that education is both a problem and a solution. "'Truth,' as defined by Alfred North Whitehead, 'is the conformation of Appearance to Reality. ' What makes any set of bedrock truths slippery is that every age and every culture defines this conformation in its own way. When the time comes to change a paradigm --- to renounce one bedrock truth and adopt another - the artist and physicist are most likely to be in the forefront. " [1]
A Survey on Feature Level Sentiment Analysis

In recent years we highly consider opinions of friends, domain experts for decision making in day today’s life. For example, which brand is best for certain product, whether the current movie is good, whether product gives better performance or not etc. Opinion mining, also known as Sentiment analysis plays an important role in this process. It is the study of emotions i.e. Sentiments, Expressions that are stated in natural language. Natural language techniques are applied to extract emotions from unstructured data. There are several techniques used to analyse data such as supervised learning, unsupervised learning and hybrid techniques. The binary classification classifies data into two subclasses viz. positive and negative. The positive class shows a good opinion and negative class shows the bad decision opinion. This paper gives an overview of the proposed methods and recent advances in these areas, and tries to layout the future research directions in the field. Keywords— Machine learning, Polarity, Classification, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Sentiment Classification, SemiSupervised learning, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Opinion Mining