Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-index modelling of conditional probabilities in two-way contingency tables

When analysing a contingency table, it is often worth relating the probabilities that a given individual falls into different cells from a set of predictors. These conditional probabilities are usually estimated using appropriate regression techniques. In particular, in this paper, a semiparametric model is developed. Essentially, it is only assumed that the effect of the vector of covariates on the probabilities can entirely be captured by a single index, which is a linear combination of the initial covariates. The estimation is then twofold: the coefficients of the linear combination and the functions linking this index to the related conditional probabilities have to be estimated. Inspired by the estimation procedures already proposed in the literature for single-index regression models, four estimators of the index coefficients are proposed and compared, from a theoretical point-of-view, but also practically, with the aid of simulations. Estimation of the link functions is also addressed.
GaInAs/InP selective area metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy for one‐step‐grown buried low‐dimensional structures

The selective area epitaxy of GaInAs/InP layers grown by low‐pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy through SiO2 patterned masks was investigated. The layers are found to develop mesa structures limited by {111} and (100) facets outside of the opened mask, and perfect selective epitaxy is obtained. The absence of GaInAs growth on {111} facets allows the fabrication of very narrow buried GaInAs layers in a single growth step. For both materials, the growth rates are found to depend strongly on the mask geometry owing to surface diffusion of the reactant species from the no‐ or low‐growth SiO2 mask and {111} facets toward (100) surfaces. A detailed quantitative analysis is made to identify the critical parameters that control the growth behavior, and a model is described from which the upper limit of the growth rates for any mask design can be calculated. Low‐temperature cathodoluminescence measurements show strong emission of the buried GaxIn1−xAs layers and indicate local stoichiometry variations Δx≂±5.
Improvement of Low-dose MDCT Images by Applying a Novel Adaptive Median Filter with Local Averaging

In order to reduce the quantum noise level without the expense of feature preservation of small tumors, a novel 3D adaptive median filter with local averaging is developed according to the size of tumors and the distribution of voxel value in a local region. In this paper, two new methods based on entropy of correlation and mutual information of correlation are also proposed to evaluate the validity and efficiency of the proposed filter quantitatively. The proposed filter is applied to processing low-dose abdominal datasets, and experimental results show that the filtering technique is able to reduce the level of the quantum noise and preserve the features of the edge region and the shape of the tumors for low-dose abdominal 3D MDCT images.
A reliable pump‐probe, broadband spectrometer for subpicosecond transient absorption

A pump‐and‐probe spectrometer is described that employs a pump pulse at 308 nm, with up to 1.4 mJ in 250 fs, and a continuum probe pulse in the spectral range 360–750 nm, of 80‐fs pulse duration. The corresponding laser system is based on a colliding‐pulse‐mode dye laser operating at 616 nm, and a fs dye laser amplifier pumped by a XeCl* excimer laser. The amplifier has been designed specifically for pump‐and‐probe experiments, by multiplexing with horizontally and vertically polarized pulses for the pump and probe beam, respectively. Near‐diffraction‐limited output beams are achieved using a novel, capillary prismatic dye amplifier cell. The reliability of the apparatus is demonstrated by examining the photodissociation of bis‐(p‐aminophenyl) disulfide. The absorption band of the resulting p‐aminophenyl‐thiyl radicals shows a biexponential frequency shift in the course of several ps. This behavior is correlated with that of dielectric relaxation of the solvent.A pump‐and‐probe spectrometer is described that employs a pump pulse at 308 nm, with up to 1.4 mJ in 250 fs, and a continuum probe pulse in the spectral range 360–750 nm, of 80‐fs pulse duration. The corresponding laser system is based on a colliding‐pulse‐mode dye laser operating at 616 nm, and a fs dye laser amplifier pumped by a XeCl* excimer laser. The amplifier has been designed specifically for pump‐and‐probe experiments, by multiplexing with horizontally and vertically polarized pulses for the pump and probe beam, respectively. Near‐diffraction‐limited output beams are achieved using a novel, capillary prismatic dye amplifier cell. The reliability of the apparatus is demonstrated by examining the photodissociation of bis‐(p‐aminophenyl) disulfide. The absorption band of the resulting p‐aminophenyl‐thiyl radicals shows a biexponential frequency shift in the course of several ps. This behavior is correlated with that of dielectric relaxation of the solvent.
Spatial interpolation of interlaced television pictures

The authors present a novel algorithm for spatial interpolation of 2-to-1 interlaced television pictures. The basic problem that this algorithm addresses is reconstruction of a frame from one of the fields. The algorithm is based on two spatially varying image models. It can be applied to color as well as black-and-white pictures. Experimental results demonstrate that the resulting frames contain less spatial aliasing and are sharper than frames generated with commonly used approaches involving zero- or first-order interpolation. <<ETX>>
Short-duration radio flares of UV Ceti stars

The UV Ceti-type stars YZ Canis Minoris, AD Leonis, Wolf 424, and V371 Orionis were monitored with the Arecibo radio telescope at meter wavelengths. A total of 26 flares were recorded on YZ CMi, AD Leo, and Wolf 424. The observed flares had shorter durations and smaller amplitudes than those previously reported in the literature. Rates of radio-flare detection are similar to those found optically.
Performance analysis of weather‐dependent satellite–terrestrial network with rate adaptation hybrid free‐space optical and radio frequency link

Due to the rapid development of satellite laser communication technology, free‐space optical (FSO) links present a promising alternative to traditional radio frequency (RF) links. In this paper, taking the influence of weather factors into consideration, we investigate the performance of the hybrid FSO/RF links where the feeder link operates in the FSO band and the user link operates in the hybrid FSO/RF band. Specifically, the FSO feeder link is modeled by the gamma–gamma distribution in the presence of beam wander and pointing error, and the detection method adopts either the intensity modulation with direct intensity (IM/DD) or heterodyne detection. The RF user link is assumed to follow the shadowed Rician model. In addition, in order to improve the transmission rate of the link under the time‐varying satellite–terrestrial channel, a rate adaptation scheme is proposed. The performance of the system under study is evaluated in terms of the outage probability, average bit error rate (BER), and average transmission rate. Our results provide some important insights, for example, (1) due to the constraints of the feeder link and weather factors, there is an upper limit on the outage performance and bit error rate of the hybrid link; (2) the adaptive transmission strategy can significantly improve the transmission rate of the link compared with traditional design.
The ecosystem resilience approach to control the invasive alien species Australian swamp stonecrop (Crassula helmsii)

The invasive Australian swamp stonecrop (Crassula helmsii) threatens species characteristic of shallow soft water lakes and pools, among others, in Europe. Anthropogenic disturbances, including restoration actions, of these ecosystems cause open niches in their littoral zones and allow C. helmsii to form dominant stands, especially under nutrient enrichment. Eradication of this invasive alien, amphibious, and clonal plant is, however, difficult and costly once a large population has established. For this reason, we here explore an ecosystem resilience approach (ERA) to control this invasive alien species. This approach includes suppressing the species by facilitating the occurrence and expansion of native vegetation. This requires a setback of C. helmsii's abundance by actively reducing its biomass, and the rehabilitation of optimal environmental conditions for native species. Our ERA study in four nature areas reveals that the introduction of native species makes the ecosystem more resilient against alien invasions, as shown by a lower abundance of this invasive plant species. Therefore, we state that ERA can effectively be applied in practice to decrease the invasibility of ecosystems by C. helmsii. Effectiveness, costs and benefits, and recommendations for application in practice are discussed. Overall, we argue that incorporating ERA in nature and water management will provide sustainable solutions in terms of biodiversity as well as more cost‐effective applications for invasive alien species prevention and control.
Precision spectro-polarimeter for high-resolution observations of solar magnetic fields

As a Japanese National space mission with international collaboration, Solar-B (2005 launch) will carry a spectro- polarimeter (SP) to be operated in visible light to obtain the first high angular resolution, precision measurements of solar vector magnetic fields from space. The SP is part of the Focal Plane Package (FPP) fed by a diffraction-limited 50-cm optical telescope. The SP will be operated exclusively at the photospheric 630 nm Fe I lines. It features a rotating, low-order crystalline quartz retarder for polarization modulation and a reflecting Littrow spectrograph design that is shortened by using diffraction from the 12micrometers wide slit to fill the grating. Polarization analysis is accomplished by a modified Savart plate beam splitter. A custom CCD detector with two active areas, one for each beam from the beam splitter, allows continuous high duty-cycle sampling of polarization. The spectrograph slit will sample a 0.16 x 164 arcsec2 rectangle of the solar image, which may be scanned across the slit by up to +/- 160 arcsec in order to build up vector magnetic field maps of the solar photosphere. Along with simultaneous, co-spatial imaging and polarimetry with the filter imagers of the FPP, the SP will provide a precise view of active and quiet solar magnetic fields that control the structure, dynamics, and energetics of the upper solar atmosphere.
Mathematical programming via the least-squares method

The least-squares method is used to obtain a stable algorithm for a system of linear inequalities as well as linear and nonlinear programming. For these problems the solution with minimal norm for a system of linear inequalities is found by solving the non-negative least-squares (NNLS) problem. Approximate and exact solutions of these problems are discussed. Attention is mainly paid to finding the initial solution to an LP problem. For this purpose an NNLS problem is formulated, enabling finding the initial solution to the primal or dual problem, which may turn out to be optimal. The presented methods are primarily suitable for ill-conditioned and degenerate problems, as well as for LP problems for which the initial solution is not known. The algorithms are illustrated using some test problems.
A Generalization of Sampling Without Replacement from a Finite Universe

Abstract This paper presents a general technique for the treatment of samples drawn without replacement from finite universes when unequal selection probabilities are used. Two sampling schemes are discussed in connection with the problem of determining optimum selection probabilities according to the information available in a supplementary variable. Admittedly, these two schemes have limited application. They should prove useful, however, for the first stage of sampling with multi-stage designs, since both permit unbiased estimation of the sampling variance without resorting to additional assumptions. * Journal Paper No. J2139 of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, Project 1005. Presented to the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, March 17, 1951.
OCT-aided anastomosis platform study in the rodent model

Anastomosis is one of the most commonly performed procedure in the clinical environment that involves tubular structures, such as blood vessel, lymphatic vessel, seminal duct and ureter. Suture based anastomosis is still the foundation for most basic surgical training and clinical operation, although alternate techniques have been developed and under development. For those tubular-structure-anastomosis, immediate real-time post-operative evaluation of the surgical outcome is critical to the success of surgery. Previously evaluation is mostly based on surgeons' experience. Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography is high-speed, high-resolution noninvasive 3D imaging modality that has been widely used in the biomedical research and clinical study. In this study we used Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography as an evaluation tool for anastomosis of lymphatic vessels, ureter and seminal duct in rodent model. Immediate post-operative and long term surgical site data were collected and analyzed. Critical clinical parameters such as lumen patency, anastomosed site narrowing and suture error detection are provided to surgeons.
Influence of surface roughness on quartz crystal microbalance measurements in liquids

The influence of nanometer scale surface roughness on the frequency and dissipation responses of a quartz crystal microbalance operating in a liquid environment has been investigated by exposing quartz crystals, with a rough tantalum coating, to water solutions with varying concentrations of sucrose. A clear correlation between the measured surface roughness and the frequency shift is observed, while the shift in the dissipation factor is nearly unaffected by an increase in surface roughness. The experimental results are compared to published theoretical models for the frequency shift and shift in dissipation factor which incorporate roughness effects. For a high surface roughness the data cannot be satisfactorily explained by a model where the only effect of roughness is rigidly coupled liquid. A more advanced model, taking pressure gradients into account, provides a better description of the data.
Functional Effect of Lesser Yam Symbiotic Yoghurt on Hypercholesterolemia Wistar Rats

Synbiotic lesser yam yoghurt is fermented drink made from the mixture of cow’s milk and lesser yam extract which has functional benefits. Lesser yam yoghurt contains lactic acid bacteria, lactic acid, inulin, and soluble fiber which can improve the lipid profile of hypercholesterolemia sufferers. This study aims to determine the effect of the intake of lesser yam yoghurt on the lipid profile of hypercholesterolemia wistar rats. This study used nested randomized design with two factors, the first factor was a feeding group (0,1,2,3,4 ml/day, while the second factor was the time of blood collection (0, week 1 and week 2). The data obtained were analyzed by using ANAVA and further test DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) with a level of 5%. The results showed that giving lesser yam yoghurt for 2 weeks had a significant effect on the lipid profile improvement. Rats from 4 ml of yoghurt treatment experienced a decrease in total serum cholesterol by 48.4%, triglyceride levels by 35.8% and LDL levels by 65,5% and an increase in serum HDL levels by 150.3%. So it can be concluded that the intake of synbiotik lesser yam yoghurt has functional benefits in improving the lipid profile of hypercholesterolemia rats.
TURNOVER INTENTION: A LITERATURE REVIEW

The objective of this research is to determine the variables associated with turnover intention. I presented a literature study and as a result of this process, 23 articles are included and then examined the bibliographical references to check the validity of the inquiry. I identify several variables that affect turnover intention and affected by it. Keywords: turnover intention; literature review
A literature review and Research Agenda of Value Stream Mapping addressing Study Population and Sample Design

The Purpose of this literature review is to provide a taxonomy of value stream mapping research and, based on that, to develop a research agenda for this field of study in relation to study population and research design. The proposed value stream mapping research classification framework is based on a comprehensive literature review, which concentrates on peer-reviewed journal papers published within the period 2002-2020. A total of 83 academic sources have been retrieved and analyzed interms of research purpose and nature, methodology employed, theoretical approach and level of analysis. The review reveals that value stream mapping research is empirical-descriptive in nature and that it generally lacks a sampling design foundation and a tin study population. It identifies certain knowledge gaps and develops sixe propositions for future research. It suggests that focus should be directed towards more conceptual model, mathematical model, interviews, empirical triangulation (mixed methods) and simulation based studies. It also argues that further empirical research in relation to value stream mapping in relation to study population and sample design needed. This paper fulfils an identified need for a comprehensive classification framework of value stream mapping studies. It essentially provides both academics and practitioners with a conceptual map of existing value stream mapping research and also points out opportunities for future research.
Regional Perspective of Hadley Circulation and Its Uncertainties Among Different Datasets: Spread in Reanalysis Datasets

The Hadley circulation (HC) is often considered zonally uniform and defined using the zonally averaged mass stream function (MSF). However, the longitudinal distribution of the overturning circulation is far from uniform, which has profound impacts on regional climates. This study uses a recently developed technique to examine the three‐dimensional MSF and thus the regional manifestations of the HC, and evaluates their climatology and seasonality in eight commonly used reanalysis datasets. This comparison emphasizes the spatial structure and the intensity of four regional Hadley cells, defined based on the natural boundaries of the three‐dimensional MSF. Specifically, two Hadley cells are located in the Indo‐Pacific warm pool region, with a strong and relatively deep cell extending from the equator to mid‐latitudes in each hemisphere. The other two cells are located over the East Pacific‐Atlantic sector, which is relatively weak and shallow, confined within the tropics and subtropics. The spatial structure of each regional cell is nearly identical among all reanalysis datasets, with pairwise spatial correlation coefficients higher than 0.9. However, the intensities of regional MSF show a large spread among these datasets. The range of this spread reaches up to about half of the means of all reanalysis datasets over the Indo‐Pacific warm pool region in the Northern Hemisphere. Further analysis reveals a large spread in the spatial structure and the amplitudes of the regional HC trends among different reanalyses. The findings highlight uncertainties in the regional circulation of modern reanalysis datasets and have implications for interpreting past and future circulation changes.
Threat assessment of UAV cluster based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process

Aiming at the threat assessment of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) cluster in formation flying stage, a threat assessment method of UAV cluster based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) is proposed. Firstly, according to the characteristics of UAV cluster in formation flight stage, four suitable evaluation indexes are proposed; then, a threat assessment model of UAV cluster based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is established. Finally, an application example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Research on network security risk assessment model

This paper analyzes the quantitative, qualitative and comprehensive risk assessment methods, introduces several reasonable ways to assess the target object, and establishes a hierarchical analysis model and an evaluation model based on the indicator system by setting reasonable risk factor indicators, and after setting the corresponding weights for the level of risk factors, the target network is evaluated and analyzed, and the security level of the network is finally determined through statistics and calculations.
Splitting Methods for Pseudomonotone Mixed Variational Inequalities

We consider and analyze some new splitting methods for solving monotone mixed variational inequalities by using the technique of updating the solution. The modified methods converge for monotone and pseudomonotone continuous operators. The new splitting methods differ from the existing splitting methods. The new results are versatile and proof of convergence is very simple.
Automated Detection of Substance-Use Status and Related Information from Clinical Text

This study aims to develop and evaluate an automated system for extracting information related to patient substance use (smoking, alcohol, and drugs) from unstructured clinical text (medical discharge records). The authors propose a four-stage system for the extraction of the substance-use status and related attributes (type, frequency, amount, quit-time, and period). The first stage uses a keyword search technique to detect sentences related to substance use and to exclude unrelated records. In the second stage, an extension of the NegEx negation detection algorithm is developed and employed for detecting the negated records. The third stage involves identifying the temporal status of the substance use by applying windowing and chunking methodologies. Finally, in the fourth stage, regular expressions, syntactic patterns, and keyword search techniques are used in order to extract the substance-use attributes. The proposed system achieves an F1-score of up to 0.99 for identifying substance-use-related records, 0.98 for detecting the negation status, and 0.94 for identifying temporal status. Moreover, F1-scores of up to 0.98, 0.98, 1.00, 0.92, and 0.98 are achieved for the extraction of the amount, frequency, type, quit-time, and period attributes, respectively. Natural Language Processing (NLP) and rule-based techniques are employed efficiently for extracting substance-use status and attributes, with the proposed system being able to detect substance-use status and attributes over both sentence-level and document-level data. Results show that the proposed system outperforms the compared state-of-the-art substance-use identification system on an unseen dataset, demonstrating its generalisability.