Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neural Stem Cell Grafting Counteracts Hippocampal Injury‐Mediated Impairments in Mood, Memory, and Neurogenesis

The hippocampus is vital for functions such as mood and memory. Hippocampal injury typically leads to mood and memory impairments associated with reduced and aberrant neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. We examined whether neural stem cell (NSC) grafting after hippocampal injury would counteract impairments in mood, memory, and neurogenesis. We expanded NSCs from the anterior subventricular zone (SVZ) of postnatal F344 rat pups expressing the human placental alkaline phosphatase and grafted them into the hippocampus of young adult F344 rats at 5 days after an injury inflicted through a unilateral intracerebroventricular administration of kainic acid. Analyses through forced swim, water maze, and novel object recognition tests revealed significant impairments in mood and memory function in animals that underwent injury and sham‐grafting surgery. In contrast, animals that received SVZ‐NSC grafts after injury exhibited mood and memory function comparable to those of naïve control animals. Graft‐derived cells exhibited excellent survival and pervasive migration, and they differentiated into neurons, subtypes of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and oligodendrocyte progenitors. Significant fractions of graft‐derived cells also expressed beneficial neurotrophic factors such as the glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, fibroblast growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Furthermore, SVZ‐NSC grafting counteracted the injury‐induced reductions and abnormalities in neurogenesis by both maintaining a normal level of NSC activity in the subgranular zone and providing protection to reelin+ interneurons in the dentate gyrus. These results underscore that early SVZ‐NSC grafting intervention after hippocampal injury is efficacious for thwarting mood and memory dysfunction and abnormal neurogenesis.
Achieving MAC Fairness in Wireless Ad-hoc Networks by Cooperation between Sender and Receiver

Achieving MAC layer fairness in wireless ad hoc networks is a very challenging issue. In this paper, we first show that IEEE 802.11 exhibits substantial unfairness due to the concealed information problem (explained in this paper later), imprecise collision detection mechanism, and high contention. To achieve MAC fairness, we introduce a Fair MAC protocol using Cooperation between Sender and Receiver (FMAC/CSR). In FMAC/CSR, each node, in a distributed manner, estimates the number of active nodes within the contention range, as well as its actual bandwidth share. The estimated number of active nodes is used by a node to dynamically determine its fair share. In the IEEE 802.11, due to unfairness, the actual share of a node may deviate from its fair share. To achieve fairness, based on the deviation between fair share and actual share, a node enters one of the three modes, aggressive, restrictive, and normal. The sender controls the access to the medium in a differentiated manner according to the mode it enters. However, due to the concealed information problem, the estimation at the sender may not be precise and thus the sender cannot contend in a fair manner. Therefore, we propose the receiver-coordination mechanisms including over-use notification and Request RTS (RRTS), which exploit the information available only at the receiver to help the sender access the medium more fairly. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed FMAC/CSR scheme substantially improves the MAC fairness without unduly degrading the throughput.
Directional Adaptive Surface Triangulation 1

Several CAD applications require a surface model of an object consisting of a mesh of triangular facets. In this paper, a new algorithm for triangulation of trimmed surfaces is presented. The algorithm generates a triangulation that approximates the initial surface within a predefined tolerance. The approximation is conformal, without cracks in edges: a closed polyhedron is obtained in the case of a closed initial surface. The proposed algorithm improves the algorithm presented in [3] because it is based on more precise bounds which take into account the directional behavior of local surface curvature, and the resulting triangulation has a lower number of triangles.
Classifying Hotel Reviews into Criteria for Review Summarization

Recently, we can refer to user reviews in the shopping or hotel reservation sites. However, with the exponential growth of information of the Internet, it is becoming increasingly difficult for a user to read and understand all the materials from a large-scale reviews. In this paper, we propose a method for classifying hotel reviews written in Japanese into criteria, e.g. ,l ocation and facilities. Our system firstly extracts words which represent criteria from hotel reviews. The extracted words are classified into 12 criteria classes. Then, for each hotel, each sentence of the guest reviews is classified into criterion classes by using two different types of Naive Bayes classifiers. We performed experiments for estimating accuracy of classifying hotel review into 12 criteria. The results showed the effectiveness of our method and indicated that it can be used for review summarization by guest’s criteria.
Breakup after long-term marriage: How the past and ongoing relationship to the ex-partner is linked to psychological adaptation

While negative effects of divorce on well-being are well documented in research literature, the role of relationships with the ex-partner after marital breakup on adaptation remains unclear. This is especially the case for marital breakup after long-term marriage, which is still a neglected research topic. This research focuses on the relationships with the ex-partner (past and ongoing), and the extent to which the quality of these relations are linked to psychological adaptation to marital breakup (i.e., life satisfaction and depressive symptoms) over time. Therefore, we take into account socio-demographic variables (i.e., age, gender, financial resources), personality variables (i.e., personality traits, resilience) as well as the current relationship status. Data stem from two waves (2012, 2014) of a longitudinal survey-based study, which is part of the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research ‘LIVES – Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives’. Our analyses are carried out on a subsample of 501 divorcees (349 females, 152 males) aged 40 – 65 years (M= 51 years, SD= 6.7). The average length of their former relationship was 21.6 years (SD= 8.1) and participants experienced the separation on average 3.8 years ago (SD= 2.8). Half of the participants (n= 255; 49%) were in a new relationship, the majority (71%, n= 360) were still in contact with their ex-partner. Of those persons, 29% reported ‘tense to very tense’ contact to the ex-partner, 29% responded with ‘partly tense, partly good’ and 41% reported of a ‘good to very good’ contact. Preliminary results by multiple linear regression analysis demonstrate that for those who are still in contact with the former partner, ongoing conflicts are related to worse adaptation (i.e., lower life satisfaction, higher depressive symptoms), even when the participants are in a new relationship. Variables related to the ex-relationship (i.e., length of and happiness with former relationship, initiator status of separation, time passed since separation) only play a limited role for adaptation. In a next step, we will examine longitudinal associations using structural equation modelling. These results offer important insights into the process of adaptation to martial breakup, which can be used for counselling.
Construction of Universal Bundles, I

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Clinical utility of fixed-combination telmisartan–amlodipine in the treatment of hypertension

The majority of hypertensive patients, especially those with target organ damage, are likely to require multiple-drug therapy in order to reach blood pressure (BP) targets and reduce their risk of adverse vascular outcomes. The rationale for combination therapy with agents that block the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and a calcium channel blocker (CCB) or diuretic is well founded in growing evidence. Recent published trials have shown that the combination of an RAS suppressor and a dihydropiridinic CCB would offer additional benefits independently of BP reduction. A telmisartan–amlodipine combination has demonstrated significantly greater BP reductions compared with each monotherapy component in the overall population, and in particular in patients with moderate to severe hypertension and high-risk patients. This combination is well tolerated with a safety profile similar to placebo and is consistent with the known safety profile of its monotherapy components.
Automated Speech Recognition (asr) Processes and Algorithms-a Review

— Speech recognition basically means talking to a computer, having it recognize what Speakers are saying. The person would also like to interact with computer via speech. It can be accomplished by speech recognition system in which computer identifies the word spoken by a speaker into a microphone. Speech recognition is becoming more complex and a challenging task. The research is focusing on large vocabulary, continuous speech capabilities and speaker independence. This paper reviews methods and technologies available for ASR process. In our work we would utilize genetic algorithm for feature extraction and optimization and then use artificial neural networks for speech recognition task.
Commerce and Entertainment in the Twente Virtual Theatre Environment

In this paper we discuss research on a virtual theatre environment. The theatre has been built using VRML and therefore it can be accessed through World Wide Web. In the environment we employ several agents. The theatre allows navigation input through keyboard function keys and mouse, but there is also a navigation agent which tries to understand keyboard natural language input and spoken commands. Feedback of the system is given using speech synthesis. We also have Karen, an information agent which allows a natural language dialogue with the user with the help of, among others, text-tospeech synthesis and a talking face. We discuss how this particular environment can be seen as an environment for commerce and entertainment and we discuss further requirements that should be fulfilled by our agents in order to obtain a ‘believable’ environment.
User-friendly system for recognition of activities with an accelerometer

Monitoring of a person's daily activities can provide valuable information for health care and prevention and can be an important supportive application in the field of ambient assisted living (AAL). The goals of this study are the classification of postures and activities using knowledge-based methods as well as the evaluation of the performance of these methods. The acceleration data are gained by a single tri-axial accelerometer, which is mounted on a specific position on the test subject. A data set for training and testing was gained by collecting data from subjects, who performed varying postures and activities. For these purposes, three different knowledge-based (decision tree and neural network) classification methods and a hybrid classifier were implemented, tested and evaluated. The results of the tests illustrated that the hybrid classifier performed best with an overall accuracy of 98.99%. The advantages of knowledge-based methods are the exchangeable knowledge base, which can be developed for different types of sensor positions and the state of health of the subject.
An improved TDOA positioning method using pattern matching for CDMA networks

In this paper, an improved time difference of arrival (TDOA) positioning method using pattern matching (PM) is proposed to achieve a high positioning accuracy of mobile station (MS) in CDMA networks where GPS is not satisfactory. Iterative TDOA method is used for its high accuracy and good robustness. Since the performance of iteration method depends highly on the initial estimation, the proposed method uses the location information from PM to estimate initial value. There is no need to change the hardware of MS. PM's results and other data such as received signal value, time delay are measured by using diagnostic monitoring (DM) software in real environment. The results show that proposed method can provide a better accuracy and outperforms a conventional PM algorithm.
HELMSTETTER , KAGAN , AND JACKSON : STRESS TRANSFERS AND EARTHQUAKE TRIGGERING

We estimate the relative importance of small and large earthquakes for static stress changes and for earthquake triggering, assuming that earthquakes are triggered by static stress changes and that earthquakes are located on a fractal network of dimension D. This model predicts that both the number of events triggered by an earthquake of magnitude m and the stress change induced by this earthquake at the location of other earthquakes increase with m as ∼ 10. The stronger the spatial clustering, the larger the influence of small earthquakes on stress changes at the location of a future event as well as earthquake triggering. If earthquake magnitudes follow the Gutenberg-Richter law with b > D/2, small earthquakes collectively dominate stress transfer and earthquake triggering, because their greater frequency overcomes their smaller individual triggering potential. Using a Southern California catalog, we observe that the rate of seismicity triggered by an earthquake of magnitude m increases with m as 10, where α = 1.05 ± 0.05. We also find that the magnitude distribution of triggered earthquakes is independent of the triggering earthquake’s magnitude m. When α ≈ b, small earthquakes are roughly as important to earthquake triggering as larger ones. We evaluate the fractal correlation dimension D of hypocenters using two relocated catalogs for Southern California. The value of D measured for distances 0.1 < r < 5 km is D = 1.54 for the Shearer et al. [2003] catalog and D = 1.73 for the Hauksson et al. [2003] catalog. The value of D reflects both the structure of the fault network and the nature of earthquake interactions. By considering only those earthquake pairs with inter-event times larger than 1000 days, we can largely remove the effects of short-term clustering. Then D ≈ 2, close to the value D = 2α = 2.1 predicted by assuming that earthquake triggering is due to static stress. The value D ≈ 2b implies that small earthquakes are as important as larger ones for stress transfers between earthquakes, and that considering stress changes induced by small earthquakes should improve models of earthquake interactions.
Automatic Discovery Techniques for T-MPLS Packet Transport Network

T-MPLS is a connection-oriented packet switched solution for the next generation transport networks. The concept was first proposed by ITU-T in Geneva, Feb 2006. The standardization process is pushed by ITU-T and IETF, many recommendations appeared recently. T-MPLS is much easier to achieve a convergent packet platform for any L2 protocol. It focuses on the packet transport applications that adhere to the standard groups. The OAM, protection and switch function and network management aspects are nearly finished by now but the control plane standardizations have not obtain a common senses about how this technologies evolve in future. In this paper, we compared the automatic discovery requirement in T-MPLS with other discovery techniques used in other network, such as in IP, RPR, Ethernet, ASON, etc. The detail mechanism and protocol in other network are described respectively. As for the intelligent networks, the discovery procedure is done by the control plane due to its responsibilities. Maybe we can use the discovery tools such as SNMP, ARP, ICMP, OSPF, the coordination between the control plane and the discovery process is necessary. Simulation model is also designed in OPNET modular 11.5 to compare these approaches.
Topical Rosiglitazone Is an Effective Anti-Scarring Agent in the Cornea

Corneal scarring remains a major cause of blindness world-wide, with limited treatment options, all of which have side-effects. Here, we tested the hypothesis that topical application of Rosiglitazone, a Thiazolidinedione and ligand of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), can effectively block scar formation in a cat model of corneal damage. Adult cats underwent bilateral epithelial debridement followed by excimer laser ablation of the central corneal stroma to a depth of ∼160 µm as a means of experimentally inducing a reproducible wound. Eyes were then left untreated, or received 50 µl of either 10 µM Rosiglitazone in DMSO/Celluvisc, DMSO/Celluvisc vehicle or Celluvisc vehicle twice daily for 2 weeks. Cellular aspects of corneal wound healing were evaluated with in vivo confocal imaging and post-mortem immunohistochemistry for alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA). Impacts of the wound and treatments on optical quality were assessed using wavefront sensing and optical coherence tomography at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-operatively. In parallel, cat corneal fibroblasts were cultured to assess the effects of Rosiglitazone on TGFβ-induced αSMA expression. Topical application of Rosiglitazone to cat eyes after injury decreased αSMA expression and haze, as well as the induction of lower-order and residual, higher-order wavefront aberrations compared to vehicle-treated eyes. Rosiglitazone also inhibited TGFβ-induced αSMA expression in cultured corneal fibroblasts. In conclusion, Rosiglitazone effectively controlled corneal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro, while restoring corneal thickness and optics. Its topical application may represent an effective, new avenue for the prevention of corneal scarring with distinct advantages for pathologically thin corneas.
Software Reliability Models and Their Applications: A Survey ShigeruYamada†

56 Preface Software reliability is one of the most important characteristics of software quality. Its measurement and management technologies during the software life-cycle are essential to produce and maintain quality/reliable software systems. In this paper, we discuss software reliability modeling and its applications. As to software reliability modeling, hazard rate and NHPP models are investigated particularly for quantitative software reliability assessment. Further, imperfect debugging and software availability models are also discussed for incorporating practical factors of dynamic software behavior. And three software management problems are discussed as an application technology of software reliability models: Optimal software release problem, statistical testing-progress control, and optimal testing-effort allocation problem.
FDTD Modeling of Metamaterials: Theory and Applications

Introduction. Fundamentals and Applications of Metamaterials. A Brief Introduction to the FDTD Method for Modeling Metamaterials. FDTD Modeling of EBGs and their Applications. Left-Handed Metamaterials (LHMs) and Their Applications. Numerical Modeling of Left-Handed Material (LHM) using Dispersive FDTD. Accurate FDTD Modeling of A Perfect Lens. Spatially Dispersive FDTD Modeling of Wire Medium. FDTD Modeling of Metamaterials for Optics.
ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF CLOSED-LOOP MANIPULATOR CALIBRATION WITH FIXED ENDPOINT

This paper investigates a calibration method where the manipulator end-effector is constrained to a single contact point using a fixture equivalent to a spherical joint. The required fixture has the advantage of being inexpensive and compact when compared to pose measuring devices required by other calibration techniques, such as theodolites. By forming the manipulator into a mobile closed kinematic chain, the kinematic loop closure equations are adequate to calibrate the manipulator as it executes self-motions, without the need of endpoint measurements or precision points. Adding a wrist force sensor allows for the calibration of elastic effects due to endpoint forces and moments. A performance index is introduced to calculate the optimal location of the calibration device. The method is evaluated experimentally on a Schilling Titan II manipulator. The results show that the calibration method is able to effectively identify and correct for the errors in the system.
Estimation of facial action intensities on 2D and 3D data

The paradigm of Facial Action Coding System (FACS) offers a comprehensive solution for facial expression measurements. FACS defines atomic expression components called Action Units (AUs) and describes their strength on a five-point scale. Despite considerable progress in AU detection, the AU intensity estimation has not been much investigated. We propose SVM-based regression on AU feature space, and investigate person-independent estimation of 25 AUs that appear singly or in various combinations. Our method is novel in that we use regression for estimating intensities and comparatively evaluate the performances of 2D and 3D modalities. The proposed technique shows improvements over the state-of-the-art person-independent estimation, and that especially the 3D modality offers significant advantages for intensity coding. We have also found that fusion of 2D and 3D can boost the estimation performance, especially when modalities compensate for each other's shortcomings.
Uplink-Downlink SINR Duality via Lagrange Duality

The uplink-downlink SINR duality theorem is a key tool which simplify substantially the problem of joint design of the linear transmit and receive beamformers in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink channels. The theorem has been proved previously under the assumption that the cross- coupling matrix between the users is primitive or, alternatively, by postulating the nonnegativity of the resolvent. By using the Lagrange duality theory, we first give an alternative proof which holds for arbitrary cross-coupling matrices. The proof does not only extend the result to a larger set of practical applications, but it also reveal more insight on the sum power minimization problem under a set of minimum SINR requirements for data streams. As a practical application, we apply the uplink-downlink SINR duality to derive a general method for MIMO downlink linear transceiver optimization according to different system performance criteria, including weighted sum rate maximization, weighted sum mean square error minimization, and minimum SINR maximization. The proposed method can handle multiple antennas at the BS and at the mobile user with single and/or multiple data streams per scheduled user. The numerical simulations show that the sum rate achieved by the sum rate maximization algorithm is within 0.5-1.5 bits/second/Hz close to the sum capacity. When compared to the traditional zero forcing based solutions, the proposed method provides more than 4 dB SNR gain and up to 3.5 bits/sec/Hz better spectral efficiency.
Single-electron Coulomb blockade in a nanometer field-effect transistor with a single barrier

The first experimental study of a new nanometer field‐effect transistor with a single barrier in its one‐dimensional channel is presented. At low temperatures and as charge density in the channel was varied, nine reproducible periodic oscillations of conductance, in addition to 2e2/h conductance plateaus, were observed before the onset of the first 2e2/h conductance plateau. It was found experimentally that each conductance oscillation corresponds to the Coulomb blockade of a single electron in the one‐dimensional channel. A model that describes the operation of the new single electron transistor is suggested.