Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimally Interacting Minds

A and B, and fig. S11). In contrast, only 6� of doublets in plastic microwells have this gene expression pattern, suggesting that a pliant substrate enables MuSC expansion. Although gene expression data are suggestive, an in vivo functional assay is necessary to conclude definitively that a self-renewal division event occurred in culture. We show conclusively that stem cell self-renewal occurs using an in vivo functional assay. The transplantation of MuSCs at a population level demonstrates engraftment (Figs. 2 and 3) but does not definitively show that self-renewal divisions occurred in culture, because the population could include nondividing cells that maintained stem cell properties. Accordingly, in this experiment, we plated MuSCs in hydrogel microwell arrays and obtained images immediately after plating and 2 to 3 days after culturing to identify microwells that contained only one doublet. Doublets from 5 microwells were picked and pooled using a micromanipulator, and 10 cells total were transplanted per mouse (Fig. 4A). A detectable BLI signal indicates engraftment resulting from a self-renewal division event that must have occurred in at least one of the five transplanted doublets. Notably, 25� (3 of 12) of mice transplanted with doublets cultured on soft substrates demonstrate detectable engraftment (Fig. 4C) and contribution to regenerating myofibers (Fig. 4D, top), providing in vivo functional evidence that MuSC self-renewal division events occur in culture on pliant substrates. In contrast, doublets grown on rigid plastic microwells never exhibit engraftment after transplantation (0 of 14) (Fig. 4C), indicating that their regenerative potential is rapidly lost. MuSC self-renewal on pliant hydrogel occurs even after multiple divisions. We transplanted clones that arose from a single cell that underwent 3 to 5 divisions. Remarkably, 12� (1 of 8) of mice transplanted with a single clone show en-graftment, demonstrating that MuSC self-renewal capacity is retained on pliant substrates even after multiple divisions (Fig. 4, C and D, bottom). Here, we provide insight into the potency of tissue rigidity, a biophysical property of the skeletal muscle microenvironment, on stem cell fate regulation. Using a single-cell tracking algorithm to interrogate MuSC behaviors at the single-cell level, we demonstrate that soft substrates enhance MuSC survival, prevent differentiation, and promote stemness. Functional assays in mice demonstrate conclusively that pliant substrates permit MuSC self-renewal in culture. Although the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated, we hypothesize that decreased rigidity preserves stemness by altering cell shape, resulting in cyto-skeletal rearrangements and altered signaling, as shown …
Pancreatitis induced by oestrogen in a patient with type I hyperlipoproteinaemia.

decreased. The effect of etretinate on her amyloidosis possibly depends therefore on the anti-inflammatory activities of retinoids recently reviewed by Orfanos and Bauer3; inhibition of the mobility of granulocytes and their migration into the epidermis, reduction of DNA synthesis of human lymphocytes, and stimulation of monocytes and macrophages-inflammatory cells considered to be essential in the pathophysiology of psoriasis.
Impaired Attribution of Emotion to Facial Expressions in Anxiety and Major Depression

Background Recognition of others' emotions is an important aspect of interpersonal communication. In major depression, a significant emotion recognition impairment has been reported. It remains unclear whether the ability to recognize emotion from facial expressions is also impaired in anxiety disorders. There is a need to review and integrate the published literature on emotional expression recognition in anxiety disorders and major depression. Methodology/Principal Findings A detailed literature search was used to identify studies on explicit emotion recognition in patients with anxiety disorders and major depression compared to healthy participants. Eighteen studies provided sufficient information to be included. The differences on emotion recognition impairment between patients and controls (Cohen's d) with corresponding confidence intervals were computed for each study. Over all studies, adults with anxiety disorders had a significant impairment in emotion recognition (d = −0.35). In children with anxiety disorders no significant impairment of emotion recognition was found (d = −0.03). Major depression was associated with an even larger impairment in recognition of facial expressions of emotion (d = −0.58). Conclusions/Significance Results from the current analysis support the hypothesis that adults with anxiety disorders or major depression both have a deficit in recognizing facial expression of emotions, and that this deficit is more pronounced in major depression than in anxiety.
Career strategies to strengthen graduate employees’ employment position in the Hong Kong labour market

This study investigates the significance of developing career goals and adopting appropriate career strategies during the first two years of employment after graduation. Data were collected from a sample of 300 graduate employees in Hong Kong during a time when job competition has been increasingly tough. Results indicate that respondents tend to use strategies such as “enhancing promotability” (performing effectively, acquiring skills, building networks) and “improving image with superiors” (conforming to expectations, highlighting accomplishments) more frequently than “establishing external contacts” (joining professional bodies and trade associations) during early career. The relationships of career goals and strategies to satisfaction with salary and hierarchical progression are also examined. Factors such as “developing career goals and plans” and “improving image with superiors” are positively and significantly related to satisfaction with progression. Practical implications of the study findings on individuals and organizations are discussed.
Packet Switching in Radio Channels: Part IV - Stability Considerations and Dynamic Control in Carrier Sense Multiple Access

In two companion papers a method for multiplexing a population of terminals communicating with a central station over a packet-switched radio channel was introduced; this method is known as Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA). CSMA, as with ALOHA multiaccess broadcast channels, has the unfortunate property that the throughput falls to zero as the channel load increases beyond a critical value. The dynamic behavior and stability of slotted ALOHA channels have been studied extensively and have led to a definition of stability. In this paper, similar techniques are used to analyze CSMA, which is shown to have a behavior not unlike that of ALOHA. However, contrary to ALOHA channels where steady-state performance is badly degraded when true stability is to be guaranteed, hence requiring dynamic control, we find that CSMA provides excellent stable performance even with as large a population as 1000 terminals. Furthermore, we study a simple adaptive retransmission control procedure which provides a significantly improved channel performance which is insensitive to the population size.
A study of factors affecting the utility of implicit relevance feedback

Implicit relevance feedback (IRF) is the process by which a search system unobtrusively gathers evidence on searcher interests from their interaction with the system. IRF is a new method of gathering information on user interest and, if IRF is to be used in operational IR systems, it is important to establish when it performs well and when it performs poorly. In this paper we investigate how the use and effectiveness of IRF is affected by three factors: search task complexity, the search experience of the user and the stage in the search. Our findings suggest that all three of these factors contribute to the utility of IRF.
Message-Passing Receivers for Single Carrier Systems with Frequency-Domain Equalization

In this letter, we design iterative receiver algorithms for joint frequency-domain equalization and decoding in a single carrier system assuming perfect channel state information. Based on an approximate inference framework that combines belief propagation (BP) and the mean field (MF) approximation, we propose two receiver algorithms with, respectively, parallel and sequential message-passing schedules in the MF part. A recently proposed receiver based on generalized approximate message passing (GAMP) is used as a benchmarking reference. The simulation results show that the BP-MF receiver with sequential passing of messages achieves the best BER performance at the expense of higher computational complexity compared to that of the GAMP receiver. The parallel BP-MF receiver has complexity similar to that of GAMP, but its low convergence rate yields poor performance, especially under high signal-to-noise ratio conditions.
The visibility function in interferometric aperture synthesis radiometry

The fundamental equation of interferometric aperture synthesis radiometry is revised to include full antenna pattern characterization and receivers' interaction. It is shown that the cross correlation between the output signals of a pair of receivers is a Fourier-like integral of the difference between the scene brightness temperature and the physical temperature of the receivers. The derivation is performed using a thermodynamic approach to account for the effects of mutual coupling between antenna elements. The analysis assumes that the receivers include ferrite isolators so that the noise wave passing from the receiver toward the antenna can be modeled as uncorrelated ambient noise. The effect of wide beamwidth antennas on the polarization basis of the retrieved brightness temperature is also discussed.
Cytoskeletal and Phosphoinositide Requirements for Muscarinic Receptor Signaling to Focal Adhesion Kinase and Paxillin

Abstract: The mechanism whereby agonist occupancy of muscarinic cholinergic receptors elicits an increased tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin has been examined. Addition of oxotremorine‐M to SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells resulted in rapid increases in the phosphorylation of FAK (t1/2 = 2 min) and paxillin that were independent of integrin‐extracellular matrix interactions, cell attachment, and the production of phosphoinositide‐derived second messengers. In contrast, the increased tyrosine phosphorylations of FAK and paxillin were inhibited by inclusion of either cytochalasin D or mevastatin, agents that disrupt the cytoskeleton. Furthermore, phosphorylation of FAK and paxillin could be prevented by addition of either wortmannin or LY‐294002, under conditions in which the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate was markedly attenuated. These results indicate that muscarinic receptor‐mediated increases in the tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK and paxillin in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells depend on both the maintenance of an actin cytoskeleton and the ability of these cells to synthesize phosphoinositides.
Graph Edge Partitioning via Neighborhood Heuristic

We consider the edge partitioning problem that partitions the edges of an input graph into multiple balanced components, while minimizing the total number of vertices replicated (one vertex might appear in more than one partition). This problem is critical in minimizing communication costs and running time for several large-scale distributed graph computation platforms (e.g., PowerGraph, Spark GraphX). We first prove that this problem is NP-hard, and then present a new partitioning heuristic with polynomial running time. We provide a worst-case upper bound of replication factor for our heuristic on general graphs. To our knowledge, we are the first to provide such bound for edge partitioning algorithms on general graphs. Applying this bound to random power-law graphs greatly improves the previous bounds of expected replication factor. Extensive experiments demonstrated that our partitioning algorithm consistently produces much smaller replication factors on various benchmark data sets than the state-of-the-art. When deployed in the production graph engine, PowerGraph, in average it reduces replication factor, communication, and running time by 54%, 66%, and 21%, respectively.
Epizootiology of avian influenza: effect of season on incidence in sentinel ducks and domestic turkeys in Minnesota

Sentinel ducks and domestic turkey flocks were monitored for influenza infection during a 4-year period. The onset of infection among ducks was similar each year, occurring in late July or early August. Influenza in turkeys was also shown to be seasonal, but the usual onset was 6 to 8 weeks after the detection of influenza in sentinel ducks. Possible explanations for the delayed infection in turkeys are (i) increased waterfowl activity associated with fledging and congregating in late summer and early fall; (ii) vectors transmitting virus from the waterfowl habitat to poultry farms; (iii) cooler environmental temperature, allowing prolonged virus viability; (iv) cooler surface water temperature, allowing prolonged virus viability; (v) groundwater contamination from contaminated surface water; and (vi) virus adaptation in domestic turkeys before infection is detected. We conclude that ducks are not only a natural reservoir of influenza but also have a seasonal infection that appears to be related to seasonal influenza outbreaks in domestic turkeys in Minnesota. However, only some influenza A virus isolates circulating among waterfowl at any given time appear capable of causing detectable infection in turkeys. It is speculated that the seasonal infection in migratory waterfowl may also be related to seasonal influenza infections in other species including humans.
State estimation of fuzzy Sugeno systems with local nonlinear rules and unmeasurable premise variables

This paper considers the design of observers for a class of continuous and discrete-time nonlinear systems presented by Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) model with nonlinear subsystems and unmeasurable premise variables. As a result, the proposed T-S structure reduces the number of rules in the Sugeno model by using local nonlinear rules. Moreover, it can represent larger class of nonlinear systems as compared to the measurable premise variable case. The proposed observer guarantees exponential convergence of state estimation error by Lyapunov stability analysis and linear matrix inequality (LMI) formulation. Numerical examples illustrate effectiveness of the proposed method.
Efficient modularity optimization by self-avoiding walk

Different kinds of random walks have showed to be useful in the study of the structural properties of complex networks. Among them, the restricted dynamics of the self-avoiding random walk (SAW), which reaches only unvisited vertices in the same walk, has been succesfully used in network exploration. SAWs are therefore a promising tool to investigate community structures in networks. Despite its importance, community detection remains an open problem due to the high computational complexity of the associated optimization problem and a lack of a unique formal definition of communities. In this work, we propose a SAW-based modularity optimization algorithm to extract the community distribution of a network that achieves high modularity scores. We combined SAW with principal component analyses to define the dissimilarity measure and use agglomerative hierarchical clustering. To evaluate the performance of this algorithm we compare it with three popular methods for community detection: Girvan-Newman, Fastgreedy and Walktrap, using two types of synthetic networks and six well-known real world cases.
Chernobyl: consequences of the catastrophe for people and the environment

what’s wrong with significance tests? Phys. Ther. 81(8), 1464–1469 (2001). 11. Everett, D. C. , Taylor, S. and Kafadar, K. Fundamental concepts in statistics: elucidation and illustration. J. Appl. Physiol. 85(3), 775–786 (1998). 12. Cardis, E. , Anspaugh, L. , Ivanov, V. K. , Likhtarev, K. , Mabuchi, A. E. , Okeanov, A. E. and Prisyazjhniuk, K. Estimated long term health effects of the Chernobyl accident. In: Proceedings of an IAEA Conference One Decade after Chernobyl: Summing up the Consequences of the Accident, Vienna, 8–12 April 1996, pp. 241–271 (1996). (See table 1. Estimates of Collective Effective Doses for Population Groups of Interest.) 13. CERRIE. Report of the Committee Examining Radiation Risks of Internal Emitters London, October 2004 www.cerrie. org (accessed 12 February 2010).
The Role of Human Resource Development Competencies in Facilitating Effective Crisis Communication

The problem and the solution. Effective crisis communication is one of the key components of effective crisis management, and this article describes key human resource development (HRD) competencies that facilitate crisis communication. Research from organization development, crisis management, and crisis communication is used to provide an integrated framework for studying crisis communication that emphasizes the role of HRD in coping with crises. A repertoire of techniques for crisis communication is provided, together with recommendations for companies seeking to enhance their firms' crisis management capacities through communication. Implications for HRD practice, theory, and research are provided.
Live music is beneficial to preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit environment.

BACKGROUND Music stimulation has been shown to provide significant benefits to preterm infants. We hypothesized that live music therapy was more beneficial than recorded music and might improve physiological and behavioral parameters of stable preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. METHODS Thirty-one stable infants randomly received live music, recorded music, and no music therapy over 3 consecutive days. A control of the environment noise level was imposed. Each therapy was delivered for 30 minutes. Inclusion criteria were postconceptional age > or = 32 weeks, weight > or = 1,500 g, hearing confirmed by distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), and no active illness or documentation of hyperresponsiveness to the music. Heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and a behavioral assessment were recorded, every 5 minutes, before, during, and after therapy, allowing 30 minutes for each interval. The infant's state was given a numerical score as follows: 1, deep sleep; 2, light sleep; 3, drowsy; 4, quiet awake or alert; 5, actively awake and aroused; 6, highly aroused, upset, or crying; and 7, prolonged respiratory pause > 8 seconds. The volume range of both music therapies was from 55 to 70 dB. Parents and medical personnel completed a brief questionnaire indicating the effect of the three therapies. RESULTS Live music therapy had no significant effect on physiological and behavioral parameters during the 30-minute therapy; however, at the 30-minute interval after the therapy ended, it significantly reduced heart rate (150 +/- 3.3 beats/min before therapy vs 127 +/- 6.5 beats/min after therapy) and improved the behavioral score (3.1 +/- 0.8 before therapy vs 1.3 +/- 0.6 after therapy, p < 0.001). Recorded music and no music therapies had no significant effect on any of the tested parameters during all intervals. Both medical personnel and parents preferred live music therapy to recorded music and no music therapies; however, parents considered live music therapy significantly more effective than the other therapies. CONCLUSIONS Compared with recorded music or no music therapy, live music therapy is associated with a reduced heart rate and a deeper sleep at 30 minutes after therapy in stable preterm infants. Both recorded and no music therapies had no significant effect on the tested physiological and behavioral parameters.
Haemophilus Responses to Nutritional Immunity: Epigenetic and Morphological Contribution to Biofilm Architecture, Invasion, Persistence and Disease Severity

In an effort to suppress microbial outgrowth, the host sequesters essential nutrients in a process termed nutritional immunity. However, inflammatory responses to bacterial insult can restore nutritional resources. Given that nutrient availability modulates virulence factor production and biofilm formation by other bacterial species, we hypothesized that fluctuations in heme-iron availability, particularly at privileged sites, would similarly influence Haemophilus biofilm formation and pathogenesis. Thus, we cultured Haemophilus through sequential heme-iron deplete and heme-iron replete media to determine the effect of transient depletion of internal stores of heme-iron on multiple pathogenic phenotypes. We observed that prior heme-iron restriction potentiates biofilm changes for at least 72 hours that include increased peak height and architectural complexity as compared to biofilms initiated from heme-iron replete bacteria, suggesting a mechanism for epigenetic responses that participate in the changes observed. Additionally, in a co-infection model for human otitis media, heme-iron restricted Haemophilus, although accounting for only 10% of the inoculum (90% heme-iron replete), represented up to 99% of the organisms recovered at 4 days. These data indicate that fluctuations in heme-iron availability promote a survival advantage during disease. Filamentation mediated by a SulA-related ortholog was required for optimal biofilm peak height and persistence during experimental otitis media. Moreover, severity of disease in response to heme-iron restricted Haemophilus was reduced as evidenced by lack of mucosal destruction, decreased erythema, hemorrhagic foci and vasodilatation. Transient restriction of heme-iron also promoted productive invasion events leading to the development of intracellular bacterial communities. Taken together, these data suggest that nutritional immunity, may, in fact, foster long-term phenotypic changes that better equip bacteria for survival at infectious sites.
Association Link Network: An Incremental Semantic Data Model on Organizing Web Resources

Association Link Network (ALN) is used to establish associated relations among various resources, aiming at extending the hyperlink network World Wide Web to an association-rich network, for effectively supporting Web intelligence activities. Unfortunately, with the increase number of Web resources, the challenge of incremental building of ALN is on how to perform the association weight of the new coming Web resources efficiently and exactly. A naïve way is to compare every pair of data in the existing ALN, thus bearing a O(n2) time complexity. Given the scale of the Web, it is unrealistic to compute the association weight between the new coming Web data and each data in the existing ALN, respectively. In this paper, a new method based on All-Pairs algorithm for incremental building of ALN is proposed. The experiments and evaluations show that our incremental building method performs a high accuracy. Moreover, the scale-independent property of our method make it more appropriate to be used on the Web.