Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Taiwan's Education from Peter McLaren's Criticism of Global Capitalism

This paper is to evaluate McLaren’s revolutionary critical pedagogy by using the theoretical analysis approach. Firstly, the early thought of McLaren’s critical pedagogy is expounded. After the millennium, his research attention was shifted from the critical cultural political path to the analysis of political economy. From his articles, we then had the reflections on ideology, capitalism, globalization, and postmodernism. The research results are finally provided as reference materials for the domestic educational theory and praxis in Taiwan’s education.
The mirror neuron system as revealed through neonatal imitation: presence from birth, predictive power and evidence of plasticity

There is strong evidence that neonates imitate previously unseen behaviours. These behaviours are predominantly used in social interactions, demonstrating neonates' ability and motivation to engage with others. Research on neonatal imitation can provide a wealth of information about the early mirror neuron system (MNS), namely its functional characteristics, its plasticity from birth and its relation to skills later in development. Although numerous studies document the existence of neonatal imitation in the laboratory, little is known about its natural occurrence during parent–infant interactions and its plasticity as a consequence of experience. We review these critical aspects of imitation, which we argue are necessary for understanding the early action–perception system. We address common criticisms and misunderstandings about neonatal imitation and discuss methodological differences among studies. Recent work reveals that individual differences in neonatal imitation positively correlate with later social, cognitive and motor development. We propose that such variation in neonatal imitation could reflect important individual differences of the MNS. Although postnatal experience is not necessary for imitation, we present evidence that neonatal imitation is influenced by experience in the first week of life.
Recent Progress and Future Perspectives in Magnetic and Metamagnetic Shape-Memory Heusler Alloys

Magnetic shape-memory properties refer to the ability of certain materials to show strong response in strain to an applied magnetic field. This strain is caused by either inducing the martensitic transition or rearranging martensitic variants. In the first, case a superelastic effect is possible, while in the second, the system is able to show the shape-memory effect. The complex behaviour displayed by these materials is mainly a consequence of a strong interplay between magnetism and structure which is driven by a martensitic transition. This interplay is the source of many other observed effects such as giant magneto-resistance, exchange bias and magnetocaloric effects. In this paper, we will overview the present state of the art, discuss present challenges and outline some future perspectives in the field.
Arithmetic Encoding Based Dynamic Source Routing for Ad-Hoc Networks

An ad hoc network is a collection of mobile stations forming a temporary network without the aid of any centralized coordinator. Routing messages are an essential component of Mobile Adhoc Networks, as each packet needs to be passed quickly through intermediate nodes from source to destination. Internal threats due to changes in the node behaviour that target the routing discovery or maintenance phase of the routing protocol and security challenges can however lead to insecure communication in MANETS. We proposed a model that found the improper behaviour of the nodes and eliminated them. Also it provided secure routing mechanism of sharing messages between source and destination by modifying and making use of Arithmetic encoding that not only saved the bandwidth but also provided the security by crypting the data. The reason we chose Arithmetic coding was because it typically enabled very high coding efficiency and provided better security.
Efficient Joining and Leaving for Receiver Driven Multicast Congestion Control

applications such as video conferencing, multiparty video games, military applications news feeds, video-audio transmission and IP TV etc. are today and next generation demand in our life. Multicast communication is better than broadcast and unicast as communication scheme to handle above stated application. Multicast is one to group communication whereas every one knows the multicast group address and uses the UDP protocol. So, it suffers with flooding or congestion problem. Many research groups have proposed the mechanism to control the congestion in multicast. The congestion control schemes are based on source driven, receiver driven and hybrid. Our proposed work is receiver driven approach and we are providing efficient joining and leaving scheme for multicast congestion control which is based on adaptive throughput. In this scheme, we are going to proposed multiple layered joining and leaving approach whereas leaving decision is based on adaptive deaf concept. We have analysis the simulation results using NS-2 which show that performance and packet loss of purposed approach are better than existing approach.
Short Paper: bufSTAT - a tool for early detection and classification of buffer overflow attacks

Buffer overflows constitute by far the most frequently encountered class of attacks against computer systems. In this paper we introduce a tool, termed bufSTAT that achieves a low probability of false alarm and issues early attack warnings. BufSTAT relies on Finite State Machines (FSM) for attack modeling and can detect every stage of an ongoing attack and can thus prevent its execution by issuing early warning in a progressive manner. It can also detect sophisticated multi-stage attacks that are executed over long periods of time. A significant attribute of our approach is that it is amenable to detecting unknown attacks as well after appropriate modification of bufSTAT.
The impact of passive coping on rheumatoid arthritis pain.

OBJECTIVE To determine the ability of coping to predict pain. METHODS Data on 111 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (86 women and 25 men) were gathered from a mail survey. Statistical analyses were conducted on a range of clinical and psychological variables: physical disability, disease duration, pain, depression, helplessness, and passive and active coping. Pain was measured with both the pain subscale of the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales and a visual analogue scale, and coping was measured with the Vanderbilt Pain Management Inventory. RESULTS A series of multiple regression analyses revealed that the optimal predictors of pain in RA were physical disability and passive coping, which accounted for 40% of the variance associated with pain. Path analysis revealed that passive coping mediates between the physical disability and pain, and between physical disability and depression. CONCLUSION The results of this study have implications for the overall management of RA. In addition to the medical treatment, the experience of pain and depression in RA should be addressed through an intervention programme designed to enhance coping strategies.
Addressing the Pushback Time Allocation Problem at Heathrow Airport

This paper considers the problem of allocating pushback times to departing aircraft, specifying the time at which they will be given permission to push back from their allocated stand, start their engines, and commence their taxi to the runway. The aim of this research is to first predict the delay (defined as the waiting time at the stand or runway) for each departure, then to use this to calculate a pushback time such that an appropriate amount of the delay is absorbed at the stand, prior to starting the engines. A two-stage approach is used, where the feasibility of the second stage (pushback time allocation) has to be considered within the first stage (takeoff sequencing). The characteristics of this real-world problem and the differences between it and similar problems are thoroughly discussed, along with a consideration of the important effects of these differences. Differences include a nonlinear objective function with a nonconvex component; the integration of two sequence dependent separation problems; separations that can vary over time; and time-slot extensions. Each of these factors has contributed to the design of the solution algorithm. Results predict significant fuel-burn benefits from absorbing some of the delay as stand hold, as well as delay benefits from indirectly aiding the runway controllers by reducing runway queue sizes. A system for pushback time allocation at London Heathrow has been developed by NATS (formerly National Air Traffic Services) based upon the algorithm described in this paper.
Impact of random telegraph signals on Vmin in 45nm SRAM

An alternating-bias random telegraph signal (RTS) characterization technique is presented, which shortens measurement time by 10× and also produces more accurate statistical distributions of RTS amplitudes. Measurements of RTS amplitudes in 45 nm SRAM transistor Ids and cell write margin are reported and used to demonstrate a complex dependence of write margin on RTS in multiple transistors. Fail bit rate of SRAM with RTS is estimated using a statistical model populated by Iwrite measurements. Statistical analysis indicates a Vmin degradation of less than 50 mV due to RTS.
Glutamine-Expanded Ataxin-7 Alters TFTC/STAGA Recruitment and Chromatin Structure Leading to Photoreceptor Dysfunction

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is one of several inherited neurodegenerative disorders caused by a polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion, but it is the only one in which the retina is affected. Increasing evidence suggests that transcriptional alterations contribute to polyQ pathogenesis, although the mechanism is unclear. We previously demonstrated that theSCA7 gene product, ataxin-7 (ATXN7), is a subunit of the GCN5 histone acetyltransferase–containing coactivator complexes TFTC/STAGA. We show here that TFTC/STAGA complexes purified from SCA7 mice have normal TRRAP, GCN5, TAF12, and SPT3 levels and that their histone or nucleosomal acetylation activities are unaffected. However, rod photoreceptors from SCA7 mouse models showed severe chromatin decondensation. In agreement, polyQ-expanded ataxin-7 induced histone H3 hyperacetylation, resulting from an increased recruitment of TFTC/STAGA to specific promoters. Surprisingly, hyperacetylated genes were transcriptionally down-regulated, and expression analysis revealed that nearly all rod-specific genes were affected, leading to visual impairment in SCA7 mice. In conclusion, we describe here a set of events accounting for SCA7 pathogenesis in the retina, in which polyQ-expanded ATXN7 deregulated TFTC/STAGA recruitment to a subset of genes specifically expressed in rod photoreceptors, leading to chromatin alterations and consequent progressive loss of rod photoreceptor function.
Optical Interference Filters Made of Porous Silicon

Porous silicon (PS) layers can easily be formed by an electrochemical etch process using a mixture of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and ethanol. The microstructure and porosity of the layers depend on the HF concentration, the doping level of the substrate and the current density applied during the etch process. Changing the current density during the etch process will result in a well defined layer structure consisting of layers with different porosities. Each single layer can be treated as an effective medium exhibiting a refractive index depending mainly on the porosity of the layer. Using reflectance measurements we have investigated the dependence of the refractive index of PS layers on the formation current density for different substrates. In addition the etch rate was determined by thickness measurements with an electron microscope. Based on these results various kinds of optical interference filters were studied. We have formed samples consisting of discrete single layers with different porosities (e.g. Bragg reflectors) as well as samples with continuous variation of the refractive index (rugate filters). Combining these PS filters with standard photolithography steps, microoptical devices such as spectral sensitive photodiodes can be realized.
Next Generation Crowdsourcing for Collective Intelligence

New techniques leveraging IT-mediated crowds such as Crowdsensing, Situated Crowdsourcing, Spatial Crowdsourcing, and Wearables Crowdsourcing have now materially emerged. These techniques, here termed next generation Crowdsourcing, serve to extend Crowdsourcing efforts beyond the heretofore dominant desktop computing paradigm. Employing new configurations of hardware, software, and people, these techniques represent new forms of organization for IT-mediated crowds. However, it is not known how these new techniques change the processes and outcomes of IT-mediated crowds for Collective Intelligence purposes? The aim of this exploratory work is to begin to answer this question. The work ensues by outlining the relevant findings of the first generation Crowdsourcing paradigm, before reviewing the emerging literature pertaining to the new generation of Crowdsourcing techniques. Premised on this review, a collectively exhaustive and mutually exclusive typology is formed, organizing the next generation Crowdsourcing techniques along two salient dimensions common to all first generation Crowdsourcing techniques. As a result, this work situates the next generation Crowdsourcing techniques within the extant Crowdsourcing literature, and identifies new research avenues stemming directly from the analysis.
Sensitivity of liquid clouds to homogenous freezing parameterizations

Water droplets in some clouds can supercool to temperatures where homogeneous ice nucleation becomes the dominant freezing mechanism. In many cloud resolving and mesoscale models, it is assumed that homogeneous ice nucleation in water droplets only occurs below some threshold temperature typically set at −40°C. However, laboratory measurements show that there is a finite rate of nucleation at warmer temperatures. In this study we use a parcel model with detailed microphysics to show that cloud properties can be sensitive to homogeneous ice nucleation as warm as −30°C. Thus, homogeneous ice nucleation may be more important for cloud development, precipitation rates, and key cloud radiative parameters than is often assumed. Furthermore, we show that cloud development is particularly sensitive to the temperature dependence of the nucleation rate. In order to better constrain the parameterization of homogeneous ice nucleation laboratory measurements are needed at both high (>−35°C) and low (<−38°C) temperatures.
Applications of reinforcement learning in an open railway access market price negotiation

In an open railway access market price negotiation, it is feasible to achieve higher cost recovery by applying the principles of price discrimination. The price negotiation can be modeled as an optimization problem of revenue intake. In this paper, we present the pricing negotiation based on reinforcement learning model. A negotiated-price setting technique based on agent learning is introduced, and the feasible applications of the proposed method for open railway access market simulation are discussed.
Address block localization for Chinese postal envelopes with clutter background

In this paper we propose a novel supervised model to localize the address block for Chinese postal envelopes. The problem is formulated as a binary classification problem. We get the probability map via joint Conditional Random Field (CRF) training and dictionary learning. Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) are used as descriptors. We evaluate our model on a challenging Chinese postal envelope database with clutter background. Experiment results demonstrate our model performs well and is robust to appearance variations in illumination, rotation, and clutter background.
Dendritic architecture of nucleus ambiguus motoneurons projecting to the upper alimentary tract in the rat

The motor innervation for palatal, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and esophageal muscles originates within the nucleus ambiguus. Although the viscerotopic organization of the upper alimentary tract in the nucleus ambiguus has been extensively studied, little information concerning the dendritic arborization of nucleus ambiguus motoneurons is available. The neural tracer cholera toxin‐horseradish peroxidase, which is particularly effective at revealing dendrites of retrogradely labeled neurons, was used to determine the dendritic architecture and organization of nucleus ambiguus motoneurons.
Pediatric cochlear implantation: How much hearing is too much?

Audiologic candidacy criteria for determining cochlear implantation candidacy in children are evolving. The objective of the study was to examine clinical practice related to the cochlear implantation of children who typically do not meet audiologic criteria for this technology. Practitioners’ perspectives on the process and the factors influencing candidacy decisions were explored through focus group interviews with hospital and school-based practitioners. The interviews were analysed using qualitative techniques to identify key issues. The findings from the interviews informed a questionnaire which was sent to all cochlear implant centers in Canada to further examine clinician views and experiences with this special population. Responses were collected from 11 of the 12 centers and indicated that children with hearing outside typical criteria were receiving implants. The definition of ‘borderline’ varied across the programs from approximately 70 dB HL to less than 90 dB HL. All centers emphasized the importance of considering factors beyond the child's audiometric thresholds in candidacy decision-making.
Density Forecasting for Long-Term Peak Electricity Demand

Long-term electricity demand forecasting plays an important role in planning for future generation facilities and transmission augmentation. In a long-term context, planners must adopt a probabilistic view of potential peak demand levels. Therefore density forecasts (providing estimates of the full probability distributions of the possible future values of the demand) are more helpful than point forecasts, and are necessary for utilities to evaluate and hedge the financial risk accrued by demand variability and forecasting uncertainty. This paper proposes a new methodology to forecast the density of long-term peak electricity demand. Peak electricity demand in a given season is subject to a range of uncertainties, including underlying population growth, changing technology, economic conditions, prevailing weather conditions (and the timing of those conditions), as well as the general randomness inherent in individual usage. It is also subject to some known calendar effects due to the time of day, day of week, time of year, and public holidays. A comprehensive forecasting solution is described in this paper. First, semi-parametric additive models are used to estimate the relationships between demand and the driver variables, including temperatures, calendar effects and some demographic and economic variables. Then the demand distributions are forecasted by using a mixture of temperature simulation, assumed future economic scenarios, and residual bootstrapping. The temperature simulation is implemented through a new seasonal bootstrapping method with variable blocks. The proposed methodology has been used to forecast the probability distribution of annual and weekly peak electricity demand for South Australia since 2007. The performance of the methodology is evaluated by comparing the forecast results with the actual demand of the summer 2007-2008.
Significance of positive Stenotrophomonas maltophilia culture in acute respiratory tract infection

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a common coloniser of the respiratory tract of patients with chronic lung disease, and, in the absence of pneumonia or bacteraemia, is often ignored by physicians at the Royal Perth Hospital (Perth, Australia). Experience at the Royal Perth Hospital was reviewed to determine whether ignoring S. maltophilia in this setting has any apparent effect on clinical outcome. All patients who presented with an acute respiratory illness and yielded a positive culture for S. maltophilia between 1995 and 2002 were retrospectively reviewed. All subjects had to yield a positive respiratory isolate of S. maltophilia and undergo chest radiography within 24 h of the isolate being obtained. Ninety-two episodes were identified in 89 individuals; 64 showed no evidence of consolidation. Of the study group, 51 (80.0%) received no anti-S. maltophilia antibiotic therapy and 21 (32.8%) had a nosocomially acquired isolate. The overall mortality rate was 20.3%. There was no impact of anti-S. maltophilia therapy on outcome. The only independent predictor of mortality was serum albumin level. As there was no measurable impact of antibiotic therapy, in the absence of consolidation, a positive respiratory tract isolate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia probably represents colonisation of a severely impaired host rather than invasive disease.
Power management for portable devices

Today's portable devices combine wireless communication and navigation with consumer electronics. As a consequence, the computing power, the size of the display and the graphics operations of portable devices are increasing by a large amount. Even when changing to new process technologies for the processors, the power consumption often increases due to the higher operating frequencies. The battery technology developments are not improving by the same factor and as a result, intelligent power management becomes mandatory to achieve the required operating hours and days. In addition, the portable devices become smaller and slimmer which requires a reduction of the number and the size of the components. In this paper, a highly integrated power management IC will be presented and power management trends and requirements for portable devices will be discussed.
Quantitative Analyses of Precession Diffraction Data for a Large Cell Oxide

Kinematical and two-beam calculations have been conducted and are compared to experimental precession data for the large unit cell crystal La4Cu3MoO12. Precession electron diffraction intensities are found to exhibit approximate two-beam behavior and demonstrate clear advantages over conventional SADP intensities for use in structure solution.
A Finite State and Data-Oriented Method for Grapheme to Phoneme Conversion

A finite-state method, based on leftmost longestmatch replacement, is presented for segmenting words into graphemes, and for converting graphemes into phonemes. A small set of hand-crafted conversion rules for Dutch achieves a phoneme accuracy of over 93%. The accuracy of the system is further improved by using transformation-based learning. The phoneme accuracy of the best system (using a large rule and a 'lazy' variant of Brill's algoritm), trained on only 40K words, reaches 99%.