Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-Naive Bayesian Classifiers for Classification Problems With Continuous Attributes

An important way to improve the performance of naive Bayesian classifiers (NBCs) is to remove or relax the fundamental assumption of independence among the attributes, which usually results in an estimation of joint probability density function (p.d.f.) instead of the estimation of marginal p.d. f. in the NBC design. This paper proposes a non-naive Bayesian classifier (NNBC) in which the independence assumption is removed and the marginal p.d. f. estimation is replaced by the joint p.d. f. estimation. A new technique of estimating the class-conditional p.d. f. based on the optimal bandwidth selection, which is the crucial part of the joint p.d. f. estimation, is applied in our NNBC. Three well-known indexes for measuring the performance of Bayesian classifiers, which are classification accuracy, area under receiver operating characteristic curve, and probability mean square error, are adopted to conduct a comparison among the four Bayesian models, i.e., normal naive Bayesian, flexible naive Bayesian (FNB), the homologous model of FNB (FNBROT), and our proposed NNBC. The comparative results show that NNBC is statistically superior to the other three models regarding the three indexes. And, in the comparison with support vector machine and four boosting-based classification methods, NNBC achieves a relatively favorable classification accuracy while significantly reducing the training time.
Antimicrobial activity and spectrum of daptomycin: results from the surveillance program in Australia and New Zealand (2008)

Aims: To assess in vitro activity and spectrum of daptomycin, a new lipopeptide antimicrobial, against contemporary isolates of Gram positive pathogens in Australia and New Zealand in 2008. Methods: Gram positive isolates from patients with a range of bacterial infections served by seven Australian and three New Zealand laboratories were tested by broth microdilution and susceptibility results interpreted using current Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards against daptomycin and a range of comparator agents including oxacillin, vancomycin and linezolid. Results: 872 Staphylococcus aureus (24.0% oxacillin resistant; Australia 28.4%, New Zealand 9.0%), 60 coagulase negative staphylococci (83.3% oxacillin resistant), 113 Enterococcus species (6.2% vancomycin non‐susceptible), 40 viridans group Streptococcus species (7.5% penicillin resistant), and 158 β‐haemolytic Streptococcus species were tested. Daptomycin was active against all 1243 strains, and no resistance or reduced susceptibility was detected, including among multi‐resistant strains and those resistant to vancomycin. Conclusions: At the time of the introduction of daptomycin into clinical practice in Australia and New Zealand, this agent retains full activity and holds promise as an important therapeutic agent for treating serious Gram positive infections, including strains resistant to multiple other drug classes.
Phosphate deprivation induces transfer of DGDG galactolipid from chloroplast to mitochondria

In many soils plants have to grow in a shortage of phosphate, leading to development of phosphate-saving mechanisms. At the cellular level, these mechanisms include conversion of phospholipids into glycolipids, mainly digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG). The lipid changes are not restricted to plastid membranes where DGDG is synthesized and resides under normal conditions. In plant cells deprived of phosphate, mitochondria contain a high concentration of DGDG, whereas mitochondria have no glycolipids in control cells. Mitochondria do not synthesize this pool of DGDG, which structure is shown to be characteristic of a DGD type enzyme present in plastid envelope. The transfer of DGDG between plastid and mitochondria is investigated and detected between mitochondria-closely associated envelope vesicles and mitochondria. This transfer does not apparently involve the endomembrane system and would rather be dependent upon contacts between plastids and mitochondria. Contacts sites are favored at early stages of phosphate deprivation when DGDG cell content is just starting to respond to phosphate deprivation.
Greenhouse gas management in northern Australian savannas : opportunities and risks for indigenous land management.

The management of greenhouse gas emissions is an increasingly important focus of land management in northern Australia. Indigenous people own and or manage much of the tropical savanna estate across WA, NT and Queensland and are well placed to provide services in the form of greenhouse gas sequestration and abatement. The emerging carbon offsets market provides new livelihood opportunities for Indigenous people such as through savanna fire abatement, forest management and avoided deforestation, grazing land management and revegetation. How these opportunities are realised will be strongly influenced by climate change policy developments at the international and national levels and the quality of science underpinning offset estimation and verification. In particular, a framework to replace the Kyoto Protocol post 2012 should seek a more comprehensive approach to accounting for land based mitigation activities, and permit greenhouse gas accounting rules and definitions that are more regionally appropriate to the tropical savannas. Further uncertainty surrounds the introduction of a carbon price into Australian climate change policy, and the future of domestic offsets under the proposed Carbon Farming Initiative. It is important that stakeholders in northern Australia understand the implications of negotiations at the national and international level and the risks associated with different policy scenarios. Similarly, climate change policy needs to manage the goal of emissions reduction with Indigenous aspirations, making necessary the full engagement of Indigenous land managers in the planning and implementation phases of policy development and offset projects. Ethically, it is important that government agencies seeking to meet emissions reductions targets through constraining land use development, adequately support and compensate Indigenous people for any opportunity costs associated with development forgone on their lands. This thesis examines the current settings and future scenarios for climate change policy in savannas of northern Australia, and explores some of the opportunities and risks for Indigenous land managers wishing to engage in the carbon offset market.
On neighbor discovery in wireless networks with directional antennas

We consider the problem of neighbor discovery in static wireless ad hoc networks with directional antennas. We propose several probabilistic algorithms in which nodes perform random, independent transmissions to discover their one-hop neighbors. Our neighbor discovery algorithms are classified into two groups, viz. Direct-Discovery Algorithms in which nodes discover their neighbors only upon receiving a transmission from their neighbors and Gossip-based algorithms in which nodes gossip about their neighbors' location information to enable faster discovery. We first consider the operation of these algorithms in a slotted, synchronous system and mathematically derive their optimal parameter settings. We show how to extend these algorithms for an asynchronous system and describe their optimal design. Analysis and simulation of the algorithms show that nodes discover their neighbors much faster using gossip-based algorithms than using direct-discovery algorithms. Furthermore, the performance of gossip-based algorithms is insensitive to an increase in node density. The efficiency of a neighbor discovery algorithm also depends on the choice of antenna beamwidth. We discuss in detail how the choice of beamwidth impacts the performance of the discovery process and provide insights into how nodes can configure their beamwidths.
Exploring the Relationship Between Callous-Unemotional Traits, Empathy Processing and Affective Valence in a General Population

Callous–Unemotional (CU) traits are personality attributes, which are associated with a deficit of affective valence and reduced empathetic responding in high CU trait clinical populations. The aim of the research was to explore whether a similar pattern of empathy and emotional responding correlated with CU trait manifestation in the general population. A total of 124 participants completed the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, the Empathy Quotient, an expression recognition task, and a measure of affective response. Negative correlations with CU trait score were observed for both cognitive empathy and emotional empathy. Accuracy in the identification of fearful expressions presented a negative association with CU trait score. Self-rating of affective valence, when viewing both positive and negative images, indicated a universal reduction in emotional response associated with increased CU trait manifestation.
Selecting Feature Sets for Comparative and Time-Oriented Quality Estimation of Machine Translation Output

This paper describes a set of experiments on two sub-tasks of Quality Estimation of Machine Translation (MT) output. Sentence-level ranking of alternative MT outputs is done with pairwise classi-ﬁers using Logistic Regression with black-box features originating from PCFG Parsing, language models and various counts. Post-editing time prediction uses regression models, additionally fed with new elaborate features from the Statistical MT decoding process. These seem to be better indicators of post-editing time than black-box features. Prior to training the models, feature scoring with ReliefF and Information Gain is used to choose feature sets of decent size and avoid computational complexity.
Phosphorylation of the Drosophila melanogaster RNA–Binding Protein HOW by MAPK/ERK Enhances Its Dimerization and Activity

Drosophila melanogaster Held Out Wings (HOW) is a conserved RNA–binding protein (RBP) belonging to the STAR family, whose closest mammalian ortholog Quaking (QKI) has been implicated in embryonic development and nervous system myelination. The HOW RBP modulates a variety of developmental processes by controlling mRNA levels and the splicing profile of multiple key regulatory genes; however, mechanisms regulating its activity in tissues have yet to be elucidated. Here, we link receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling to the regulation of QKI subfamily of STAR proteins, by showing that HOW undergoes phosphorylation by MAPK/ERK. Importantly, we show that this modification facilitates HOW dimerization and potentiates its ability to bind RNA and regulate its levels. Employing an antibody that specifically recognizes phosphorylated HOW, we show that HOW is phosphorylated in embryonic muscles and heart cardioblasts in vivo, thus documenting for the first time Serine/Threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphorylation of a STAR protein in the context of an intact organism. We also identify the sallimus/D-titin (sls) gene as a novel muscle target of HOW–mediated negative regulation and further show that this regulation is phosphorylation-dependent, underscoring the physiological relevance of this modification. Importantly, we demonstrate that HOW Thr phosphorylation is reduced following muscle-specific knock down of Drosophila MAPK rolled and that, correspondingly, Sls is elevated in these muscles, similarly to the HOW RNAi effect. Taken together, our results provide a coherent mechanism of differential HOW activation; MAPK/ERK-dependent phosphorylation of HOW promotes the formation of HOW dimers and thus enhances its activity in controlling mRNA levels of key muscle-specific genes. Hence, our findings bridge between MAPK/ERK signaling and RNA regulation in developing muscles.
Teamwork: a concept analysis.

AIM This paper is a report of an analysis of the concept of teamwork. BACKGROUND Teamwork is seen as an important facilitator in delivering quality healthcare services internationally. However, research studies of teamwork in health care are criticized for lacking a basic conceptual understanding of what this concept represents. A universal definition for healthcare settings and professionals is missing from published literature. METHOD Walker and Avant's approach was used to guide this concept analysis. Literature searches used bibliographic databases (Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, Proquest CSA), internet search engines (GoogleScholar), and hand searches. Literature published between 1976 and 2006 was reviewed but only material in English was included. FINDINGS Based on the analysis undertaken, teamwork is proposed as a dynamic process involving two or more healthcare professionals with complementary backgrounds and skills, sharing common health goals and exercising concerted physical and mental effort in assessing, planning, or evaluating patient care. This is accomplished through interdependent collaboration, open communication and shared decision-making, and generates value-added patient, organizational and staff outcomes. CONCLUSION Praising the value of teamwork without a common understanding of what this concept represents endangers both research into this way of working and its effective utilization in practice. The proposed definition helps reconcile discrepancies between how this concept is understood by nurses and doctors, as well as allied health professionals. A common understanding can facilitate communication in educational, research and clinical settings and is imperative for improving clarity and validity of future research.
Exact confidence regions for linear regression parameter under external arbitrary noise

The paper propose new method for identifying non-asymptotic confidence regions for linear regression parameter under external arbitrary noise. This method called Modified Sign-Perturbed Sums (MSPS) method and it is a modification of previously proposed one, called Sign-Perturbed Sums which is applicable only in case of symmetrical centred noise. MSPS algorithm correctness and obtained confidence region convergence are proved theoretically under some additional assumptions. SPS and MSPS methods are compared basing on simulated data. Few advantages of MSPS method in case of biased and asymmetric noise are illustrated.
Event-triggered network-based control of discrete-time singular systems

This paper is concerned with the problem of event-triggered control for a networked discrete-time singular system. A novel event-triggered networked control scheme is proposed to save the limited network communication bandwidth. By using a delay system approach, a unified model of event-triggered control system is established. A new criterion is proposed in terms of strict linear matrix inequality (LMI) by using Lyapunov functional method, which guarantees the admissibility of the discrete-time networked singular system without resorting to decomposing the system matrices. A state feedback controller is then designed based on this criterion. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Influence of Raised Plasma Osmolality on Clinical Outcome After Acute Stroke

Background and Purpose Abnormal physiological parameters after acute stroke may induce early neurological deterioration. Studies of the effect of dehydration on stroke outcome are limited. We examined the association of raised plasma osmolality on stroke outcome at 3 months and the change of plasma osmolality with hydration during the first week after stroke. Methods Acute stroke patients had their plasma osmolality measured at admission and at days 1, 3, and 7. Maximum plasma osmolality and the area under curve (AUC) were also calculated during the first week. Patients were stratified according to how they were hydrated: orally, intravenously, or both. Outcome included survival at 3 months after stroke. Logistic regression was performed to examine the association between raised plasma osmolality (>296 mOsm/kg) and survival, adjusting for stroke severity. Linear regression was performed to examine the pattern of plasma osmolality across hydration groups. Results One hundred sixty-seven patients were included. Mean admission (300 mOsm/kg, SD 11.4), maximum (308.1 mOsm/kg, SD 17.1), and AUC (298.3 mOsm/kg, SD 11.7) plasma osmolality were significantly higher in those who died compared with survivors (293.1 mOsm/kg [SD 8.2], 297.7 mOsm/kg [SD 8.7], and 291.7 mOsm/kg [SD 8.1], respectively;P <0.0001). Admission plasma osmolality >296 mOsm/kg was significantly associated with mortality (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 5.9). In patients hydrated intravenously, there was no significant fall in plasma osmolality compared with patients hydrated orally (P =0.68). Conclusions Raised plasma osmolality on admission is associated with stroke mortality, after correcting for case mix. Correction of dehydration after stroke requires a more systematic approach. Trials are required to determine whether correcting dehydration after stroke improves outcome.
High-PSR-bandwidth capacitor-free LDO regulator with 50µA minimized load current requirement for achieving high efficiency at light loads

A capacitor-free LDO regulator with the minimized-Q (MQ) and adaptive zero compensation (AZC) techniques is proposed in this paper. With the MQ technique, light load efficiency is greatly improved since only 50µA minimized load current is required. Furthermore, due to noise cancellation from power supply, the LDO regulator with the MQ technique has higher PSR bandwidth with compatible compensation capacitors compared to the Q-reduction technique [1]. Besides, fast transient response time is also achieved because phase margin equals to 60 degree is always maintained by the MQ and AZC techniques. The capacitor-free LDO regulator with the MQ and AZC techniques was fabricated in TSMC 0. 35µm 2P4M CMOS process with small compensation capacitors 5pF and 1.5pF. Experimental results demonstrate that the minimum load can be reduced to about 50µA and transient response time can be reduced by the MQ and AZC techniques to be smaller than 4µs. The measured load and line regulation are 20µV/mA and 3.3mV/V respectively.
Prediction of RNA-Binding Proteins by Voting Systems

It is important to identify which proteins can interact with RNA for the purpose of protein annotation, since interactions between RNA and proteins influence the structure of the ribosome and play important roles in gene expression. This paper tries to identify proteins that can interact with RNA using voting systems. Firstly through Weka, 34 learning algorithms are chosen for investigation. Then simple majority voting system (SMVS) is used for the prediction of RNA-binding proteins, achieving average ACC (overall prediction accuracy) value of 79.72% and MCC (Matthew's correlation coefficient) value of 59.77% for the independent testing dataset. Then mRMR (minimum redundancy maximum relevance) strategy is used, which is transferred into algorithm selection. In addition, the MCC value of each classifier is assigned to be the weight of the classifier's vote. As a result, best average MCC values are attained when 22 algorithms are selected and integrated through weighted votes, which are 64.70% for the independent testing dataset, and ACC value is 82.04% at this moment.
Balancing performance and fairness using finite-SRPT

Among all scheduling policies it has been well known that Shortest-Remaining-Processing-Time (SRPT) is optimal in mean delay. Previous reservations on SRPT due to possible unfairness has been shown to be have much less impact than feared. The conclusions point to the feasibility of SRPT to real Web-servers to improve delay performance. However, SRPT is unrealistic when we considerWweb-servers with large bandwidth (BW) since flies with the smallest remaining processing time are granted the full capacity of the server until it is preempted or is fully served. For Web-servers with large BW, it is more realistic to serve multiple file requests by a fixed amount that corresponds to the link rates of the end-receivers. To address this problem, we propose finite-SRPT, a scheduling policy which ensures that all file requests are served a finite amount each time-slot and faithfully follows the basic operation of SRPT, i.e., files of smaller remaining processing time are served first. We investigate its delay distribution using a queueing model where the server is accessed by a large number of sources. When the maximum amount of service available to a file in a time-slot is larger than the largest file, finite-SRPT is equivalent to the original SRPT. As the maximum amount decreases, the finite-SRPT becomes similar to Processor-Sharing (PS). Thus finite-SRPT provides a way in which to balance delay performance and fairness by simply adjusting the maximum amount a file is served in a time-slot.
A New Algorithm for the Interrogation of 3D Holographic Particle Tracking Velocimetry Data Based on Deterministic Annealing and EM-Optimization

Recently we have presented a new particle tracking algo rithm for the interrogation of PTV data [Kuzmanowski et al., 1998], [Stellmacher and Obermayer, 1999] . This procedure is based on an algorithm recently proposed by [Gold et al., 1998] for solving point mat ching problems in statistical pattern recognition, which estimates correspondences between par ticles in two PTV frames and the local flow field parameter simultaneously. The new method has two advantage s: (1) It allows to determine not only local velocity, but also other local components of the flow field like rotation and shear, and (2) it allows to reliably determine flow-field parameters also in regions f high velocity gradients (e.g. vortices or shear flow). In this contribution we extend this algorithm to be applied to the interrogation of 3D holographic PIV data. Benchmarks with cross-correlation and nearest neighbor methods show, that the algorithm remains the superior performance which we have observed for the 2D case. Because the algorithm scales with the square of the number of particles rather than exponentially with the dimension of the interrogation cell it is much faster than cross-correlation methods without sacrif icing accuracy.