Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Unemployment: How Important Are Labour Market Policies and Institutions?

The variation in unemployment rates across OECD countries has often been interpreted as clear evidence that labour policies and institutions matter a great deal. The basis of this argument (most frequently applied to European countries but also to Canada) is that high payroll taxes, rigid labour regulations, and unresponsive union contracts inflate the cost of labour and that generous welfare programs reduce work incentives. This paper reviews the international empirical research evaluating the unemployment impacts of these labour policies and then considers the results in the Canadian context. The results suggest that the effect of different labour market policies and institutions on unemployment is by no means a simple as the as the conventional wisdom suggests. At any rate, after the reforms of the past 15 years, it is hard to argue on the basis of the empirical evidence that relatively high levels of unemployment in Canada are primarily due to labour market inflexibility resulting from our policies and institutions. In the final analysis, a credible explanation for Canada's unemployment record must look beyond unemployment insurance, taxes, unions, and labour law.
Influenza A virus M2 protein: monoclonal antibody restriction of virus growth and detection of M2 in virions

The influenza A virus M2 protein is an integral membrane protein of 97 amino acids that is expressed at the surface of infected cells with an extracellular N-terminal domain of 18 to 23 amino acid residues, an internal hydrophobic domain of approximately 19 residues, and a C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of 54 residues. To gain an understanding of the M2 protein function in the influenza virus replicative pathway, we produced and characterized a monoclonal antibody to M2. The antibody-binding site was located to the extracellular N terminus of M2 as shown by the loss of recognition after proteolysis at the infected-cell surface, which removes 18 N-terminal residues, and by the finding that the antibody recognizes M2 in cell surface fluorescence. The epitope was further defined to involve residues 11 and 14 by comparing the predicted amino acid sequences of M2 from several avian and human strains and the ability of the M2 protein to be recognized by the antibody. The M2-specific monoclonal antibody was used in a sensitive immunoblot assay to show that M2 protein could be detected in virion preparations. Quantitation of the amount of M2 associated with virions by two unrelated methods indicated that in the virion preparations used there are 14 to 68 molecules of M2 per virion. The monoclonal antibody, when included in a plaque assay overlay, considerably showed the growth of some influenza virus strains. This plaque size reduction is a specific effect for the M2 antibody as determined by an analysis of recombinants with defined genome composition and by the observation that competition by an N-terminal peptide prevents the antibody restriction of virus growth.
Trends in childhood cancer mortality as indicators of the quality of medical care in the developed world

Mortality from childhood cancer in general and childhood leukemia in particular has sharply declined in economically developed countries over the last 30 years, whereas the incidence of these diseases has remained essentially unaltered. Therefore, childhood malignancies can be used as tracers of accessibility to and effectiveness of medical care. The objective of this study was to compare the reduction of mortality from childhood cancer in general, and childhood leukemia in particular, in four economically developed areas of the world, to assess accessibility to and effectiveness of technologically advanced medical care.
Complex event processing for attack detection in a cyber-physical system

With technology advancing faster than ever and complex systems present in most of the areas of our lives ensuring security has become a critical issue. Protecting data from unwanted access by modifying it through cryptography, hiding data or digitally signing it are some of the solutions available. Just as important however is to detect and prevent attacks. We propose a system with hierarchical access to data which is gained through a digital signature algorithm. We focus our attention on detecting and preventing attacks through a less conventional method - complex event processing. Any action within the cyber-physical system can be viewed as an event, such as digitally signing a message. With this idea in mind we propose a solution that allows designing a secure cyber-physical system with an efficient attack detection architecture.
From Manufacturing Green Office Furniture to providing Sustainable Workplace Services: A necessary change in practices, tools and approaches

A world leader company in office furniture like Steelcase is moving its business from manufacturing physical products toward more integrated solutions for work environment. Through this new strategy, this company aims to develop a new business which makes possible to satisfy the various needs of customer and workspace users, to anticipate the future tendencies, organisational and cultural changes in work and to be in compliance with sustainability recommendations. The objective of this paper is to feature Steelcase company within its actual competing situation, to characterize from a design point of view, its know-how, its processes and tools. After this statement, we stress the issues raised by the shift from a current state of green product offer to sustainable integrated solutions of workplace. One of the main challenges is to monitor the emerging performances of the design alternatives - technical, economical, environmental and social - during the design process and to be able to comment a few variant solutions in a multicriteria way to the clients. The suggested solution is to adopt a modelling and capitalization approach for the performance measurement of workplace solutions.
A comparison of postprandial and preprandial administration of insulin aspart in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the glycemic control of preprandial versus postprandial injections of the new rapid-acting insulin analogue aspart in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Forty-two children (aged 6-12 years) and 34 adolescents (13-17 years) were randomized to preprandial (immediately before meal start) and postprandial (immediately after a meal or a maximum of 30 min after meal start) treatment with insulin aspart (at least thrice daily) as part of a basal/bolus regimen in a multicenter study with an open labeled, two-period cross-over design (6-week periods). Of this group, 49% were boys, 55% were aged <or=13 years, and duration of diabetes was 4.4 years (range 1.0-9.4). RESULTS Glycemic control for postprandial treatment was not worse than preprandial treatment as assessed by fructosamine week 0 vs. 6 (mean +/- SD, preprandial 367 +/- 74 vs. 378 +/- 90 micro mol/l; postprandial 383 +/- 83 vs. 385 +/- 77 micro mol/l) and HbA(1c) (preprandial 7.9 +/- 1.3 vs. 8.0 +/- 1.5%; postprandial 8.0 +/- 1.4 vs. 8.3 +/- 1.5%, P = 0.14). The only statistically significant finding from the seven-point blood glucose profiles and derived parameters between preprandial and postprandial treatment was a lower postprandial glucose level 120 min after breakfast (mean +/- SEM, -2.08 +/- 0.74 mmol/l, P = 0.016). The relative risk of hypoglycemia (blood glucose <3.9 mmol/l) preprandially to postprandially was not significantly different (mean 1.1; 95% CI 0.91-1.35; P = 0.31). Overall treatment satisfaction was equally high for both regimens with both patients and parents. CONCLUSIONS Although preprandial administration of insulin aspart is generally preferable, this study shows that in children and adolescents, postprandial administration of insulin aspart is a safe and effective alternative.
An algebraic ICA algorithm for 3 sources and 2 sensors

In this paper we develop an algebraic algorithm for Independent Component Analysis with 3 complex-valued sources and 2 sensors. First we consider a generalization of an old theorem by Sylvester, which allows us to relate the problem with the approximation of a 4th-order tensor with Hermitean symmetry by a tensor of rank-1. We present an Alternating Least Squares algorithm for the computation of the result.
Localization of Rhythmogenic Networks Responsible for Spontaneous Bursts Induced by Strychnine and Bicuculline in the Rat Isolated Spinal Cord

Spontaneous rhythmic bursting induced by coapplication of strychnine (1 μm) and bicuculline (20 μm) was observed with electrophysiological recording from pairs of lumbar ventral roots (usually L5) in an isolated preparation of the neonatal rat spinal cord. Bursting was insensitive to exogenously applied GABA or glycine, confirming that it was attributable to block of glycine and GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition. NMDA accelerated bursting in a dose-dependent manner. Complete coronal spinal transection at L3 or L6 level did not block bursting recorded from L5 or L2 roots, respectively. Gradual cutting of the cord along the midline through a sagittal plane preserved bursting activity in both disconnected sides but led to loss of synchronicity. Once the spinal cord was fully separated into left and right halves, regular bursting persisted on each side with no phase-coupling between the two preparations. Section along a frontal plane to remove dorsal horns and much of the central canal area did not affect burst frequency or left-to-right synchronicity, whereas it reduced burst duration. A quadrant preparation containing mainly a single ventral horn displayed enhanced burst frequency while bursts became very short events. Bath application of 5-hydroxytryptamine (30 μm) or NMDA (5 μm) increased burst frequency and decreased burst duration in all types of preparation except the isolated quadrants, in which brief bursts were accelerated but not shortened by these chemical agents. These results suggest that bursting induced by strychnine and bicuculline apparently relied on distinct mechanisms for burst triggering and intraburst structure. The first required a relatively smaller neuronal network that was confined to a ventral quadrant. Intraburst structure was dependent on a larger circuitry comprising either both ventral horns or one side of the spinal cord including more than two segments.
Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted JPEG Bitstream

This correspondence proposes a framework of reversible data hiding (RDH) in an encrypted JPEG bitstream. Unlike existing RDH methods for encrypted spatial-domain images, the proposed method aims at encrypting a JPEG bitstream into a properly organized structure, and embedding a secret message into the encrypted bitstream by slightly modifying the JPEG stream. We identify usable bits suitable for data hiding so that the encrypted bitstream carrying secret data can be correctly decoded. The secret message bits are encoded with error correction codes to achieve a perfect data extraction and image recovery. The encryption and embedding are controlled by encryption and embedding keys respectively. If a receiver has both keys, the secret bits can be extracted by analyzing the blocking artifacts of the neighboring blocks, and the original bitstream perfectly recovered. In case the receiver only has the encryption key, he/she can still decode the bitstream to obtain the image with good quality without extracting the hidden data.
A Study Needs Perception Toward Educational Purposes of Home Economics Subject in Middle Schools

This study was to examine home economics (HE) teachers' and the 1st-grade students' needs perception toward the purposes of HE education in middle school which has been practced since 1995 for both male and female students. This study, attempted (1) to analyze needs priority among the educational purposes of HE subject in relation to three systems of actions; (2) to compare differences between HE teachers' and students' perception concerning the degree of importance and achievement of the educational purposes of HE subject: and (3) to examine what they conceive as the problems In the current HE education. The survey was conducted with the samples of 600 1st-grade middle school students and 101 middle school HE teachers during the period of February-March 1996. The questionnaire used in this study was a modified version which had already been developed along with the 6th HE curriculum. For data analyses, SAS program was utilized to get Means and to perform both discrepancy test and t-test. The findings of this study were summarized as follows: first, with respect to each group's perception of the importance of the purposes related to three systems of action, HE teachers emphasized the importance of the purposes related to emancipatory action, while students placed more emphasis on the purposes related to technical action. Second, in terms of the degree of achievement, students had more positive perception on the degree of achievement of the purposes related to technical action than HE teachers did. Both groups marked low level of recognition on the degree of achievement of the purposes related to emancipatory action. Third, with respect to needs priority, HE teachers placed the first priority on emancipatory action, the second on technical action, and the last on communicative action: in the case of students, the first priority was on technical action, the second on communicative action, and the last on emancipatory action. In addition, the analysis of the opinions on the 6th curriculum revealed that most respondents found it necessary to secure adequate amount of classes for HE education. Also they shared the recongnition that HE curriculum should be renovated into the one which would fully appreciate the purposes of HE education from the perspective of the practical concerns of action which are distinct from the functional and technical concerns of passive learning. The findings of this study can serve as basic data for establishing the new purposes of HE education which put more emphasis on the purposes related to emancipatory action: as well as for developing an enhanced curriculum and reinforcing the identity of HE education.
Centers of Cultural Gravity: Cultural Translation in Nublares

Centers of Cultural Gravity: Cultural Translation in Nublares William Foster Carr Department of Spanish and Portuguese Master of Arts In the novel Nublares, Antonio Perez Henares presents a caveman who typifies the modern, fragmented subject. The protagonist, Ojo Largo, a hybrid child of various cultures, crosses the boundaries between those cultures and negotiates the in-between space as a cultural translator. The concept of the fragmented, hybrid self reflects modern cognitive science. Daniel Dennett’s Multiple Drafts model of consciousness presents a fragmented self characterized by “disaggregated agency,” a subject consisting of the center of gravity between disparate mental processes and accumulated “narratives. ” Taking this model as point of departure, this thesis finds a consensus between three novels of prehistory, recent paleoanthropological theory, and modern literary criticism on the cohesion of subjectivity, language, and culture. It then examines the fundamental obstacles that complicate translating between languages/cultures, proposing a new model of the translator as a kind of multicultural outcast who creates equivalence from the center of gravity between cultures.
Young Adults’ Food Selection Patterns: Relations With Binge Eating and Restraint

McMahon, S. , Postmus, J. L. , & Koenick, R. A. (2011). Engaging bystanders: A primary prevention approach to sexual violence on campus. Journal of College Student Development, 52, 115­130. Moynihan, M. M. , Banyard, L. V. , Arnold, S. J., Eckstein, P. R. , & Stapleton, G. J. (2010). Engaging intercollegiate athletes in preventing and intervening in sexual and intimate partner violence. Journal of American College Health, 59, 197­204. Polanin, J. R. , Espelage, D. L. , & Pignott, T. D. (2012). A meta­analysis of school­based bullying prevention programs’ effects on bystander intervention behavior. School Psychology Review, 41, 47­65. Stein, J. L. (2007). Peer educators and close friends as predictors of male college students’ willingness to prevent rape. Journal of College Student Development, 48, 75­89. Stout, K. D. (1991). A continuum of male controls and violence against women: A teaching model. Journal of Social Work, 27, 305­320.
Random matrices beyond the Cartan classification

It is known that hermitean random matrix ensembles can be identified with symmetric coset spaces of Lie groups, or else with tangent spaces of the same. This results in a classification of random matrix ensembles as well as applications in practical calculations of physical observables. In this paper, we show that a large number of non-hermitean random matrix ensembles defined by physically motivated symmetries—chiral symmetry, time-reversal invariance, space-rotation invariance, particle–hole symmetry or different reality conditions—can likewise be identified with symmetric spaces. We give explicit representations of the random matrix ensembles identified with lateral algebra subspaces, and of the corresponding symmetric subalgebras spanning the group of invariance. Among the ensembles listed we identify as special cases all the hermitean ensembles identified with the Cartan classes of symmetric spaces and the three Ginibre ensembles with complex eigenvalues.
Modeling How, When, and What Is Learned in a Simple Fault-Finding Task

We have developed a process model that learns in multiple ways while finding faults in a simple control panel device. The model predicts human participants' learning through its own learning. The model's performance was systematically compared to human learning data, including the time course and specific sequence of learned behaviors. These comparisons show that the model accounts very well for measures such as problem-solving strategy, the relative difficulty of faults, and average fault-finding time. More important, because the model learns and transfers its learning across problems, it also accounts for the faster problem-solving times due to learning when examined across participants, across faults, and across the series of 20 trials on an individual participant basis. The model shows how learning while problem solving can lead to more recognition-based performance, and helps explain how the shape of the learning curve can arise through learning and be modified by differential transfer. Overall, the quality of the correspondence appears to have arisen from procedural, declarative, and episodic learning all taking place within individual problem-solving episodes.
BUCKy: Gene tree/species tree reconciliation with Bayesian concordance analysis

MOTIVATION BUCKy is a C++ program that implements Bayesian concordance analysis. The method uses a non-parametric clustering of genes with compatible trees, and reconstructs the primary concordance tree from clades supported by the largest proportions of genes. A population tree with branch lengths in coalescent units is estimated from quartet concordance factors. AVAILABILITY BUCKy is open source and distributed under the GNU general public license at www.stat.wisc.edu/∼ane/bucky/.
Main Left Coronary Artery Disease: Clinical Experience from 1964–1974

Obstructive lesions of the main left coronary artery (LCA) were demonstrated angiographically in 73 patients, comprising 4.3% of the total population referred to us for diagnostic evaluation of chest pain. Although there were no specific historical or clinical features which could absolutely distinguish this subgroup from the larger population of coronary artery disease patients, 81% (34/42) of the double Master's exercise tests, in which the patient achieved a heart rate of at least 110 beats/min, demonstrated ≧ 2 mm R-ST segmental depression. Of the total group of 73, 32 were evaluated during the six-year period from 1964 to 1971 and a preliminary report made in 1972. The diagnosis in the remaining 41 patients was established in the 2½ year period from 1971 to 1973. The initial 32 patients were seen before the significance of a main LCA lesion was appreciated. In this subgroup there were five deaths at the time of cardiac catheterization. However, in the more recent group improved recognition of patients with possible main LCA disease prior to catheterization has led to a much lower death rate related to diagnostic catheterization. Only one of the last 41 patients undergoing coronary angiography has died. Nineteen patients were managed medically. Of this group 17 were considered to be under the same risk of death as the surgical candidates. Their mortality rate was high. The risk of dying was 43.6% after 24 months, 51.1% after 36 months, and 70.6% after 42 months of observation. Although the initial surgical experience, using internal mammary artery implants and saphenous vein bypass grafts, was associated with a high mortality, direct revascularization surgery over the last 2½ years has been accomplished with a perioperative mortality of only 6.2%. All deaths in the group of 40 patients receiving elective revascularization with saphenous vein bypass grafts occurred in the first six months following surgery. The risk of dying was 12.5% after six months of observation and was unchanged for the remainder of the follow-up period. After 21 months the difference in survival between the two groups is statistically significant (P < 0.05). The one late death among the surgical survivors occurred four months after the operative procedure and was related to noncardiovascular surgical complications. The surgical survivors have been followed for an average of 27 months. Thus revascularization surgery has improved the prognosis for patients with main LCA disease. We currently advise prompt evaluation for any patient suspected of having this type of obstruction and urgent direct revascularization surgery if this lesion is demonstrated angiographically.