Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The associations between psychiatric label use and young people's help-seeking preferences: results from an Australian national survey

Aims. Emerging evidence suggests that psychiatric labels may facilitate help seeking in young people. This study examined whether young people's use of accurate labels for five disorders would predict their help-seeking preferences. Methods. Young people's help-seeking intentions were assessed by a national telephone survey of 3021 Australian youths aged 15–25. Respondents were presented with a vignette of a young person portraying depression, depression with suicidal thoughts, psychosis, social phobia or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They were then asked what they thought was wrong with the person, and where they would go for help if they had a similar problem. Results. Accurate psychiatric label use was associated with a preference to seek help from a general practitioner or mental health specialist. Accurately labelling the psychosis vignette was also associated with a preference to not seek help from family or friends. Conclusions. Findings add to the emerging evidence that accurate psychiatric labelling may facilitate help seeking for various mental disorders in young people, and support the promise of community awareness campaigns designed to improve young people's ability to accurately identify mental disorders.
Identification of Catabolite Repression as a Physiological Regulator of Biofilm Formation by Bacillus subtilis by Use of DNA Microarrays

ABSTRACT Biofilms are structured communities of cells that are encased in a self-produced polymeric matrix and are adherent to a surface. Many biofilms have a significant impact in medical and industrial settings. The model gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis has recently been shown to form biofilms. To gain insight into the genes involved in biofilm formation by this bacterium, we used DNA microarrays representing >99% of the annotated B. subtilis open reading frames to follow the temporal changes in gene expression that occurred as cells transitioned from a planktonic to a biofilm state. We identified 519 genes that were differentially expressed at one or more time points as cells transitioned to a biofilm. Approximately 6% of the genes of B. subtilis were differentially expressed at a time when 98% of the cells in the population were in a biofilm. These genes were involved in motility, phage-related functions, and metabolism. By comparing the genes differentially expressed during biofilm formation with those identified in other genomewide transcriptional-profiling studies, we were able to identify several transcription factors whose activities appeared to be altered during the transition from a planktonic state to a biofilm. Two of these transcription factors were Spo0A and sigma-H, which had previously been shown to affect biofilm formation by B. subtilis. A third signal that appeared to be affecting gene expression during biofilm formation was glucose depletion. Through quantitative biofilm assays and confocal scanning laser microscopy, we observed that glucose inhibited biofilm formation through the catabolite control protein CcpA.
Obesity literacy and culture among African American women in Florida.

OBJECTIVE To explore causal explanations of obesity among African-American women of diverse weight across the life spectrum. METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted with adult African-American women of healthy weight (N = 10), overweight (N = 10), and obese weight (N = 20) to evaluate the relationship between causal explanations of obesity and weight. RESULTS Generally overlooked dimensions of health definitions were discovered. Differences in weight definitions were detected between women of different weights. Terminology, symptoms, and solutions to obesity were detected between the women of different weights and public health recommendations. CONCLUSION Identified causal discrepancies will help bridge the disconnection between public health recommendations and African-American women's perceptions with tailored interventions.
Engaging youth in community change: three key implementation principles

Youth are an often untapped but potent resource for community change. To engage youth in community change coalitions requires more time, resources, and intentionality than many anticipate, making it imperative to base the work on well-established principles. Using outcome and process data from a multi-year initiative in seven communities, we describe beneficial results for youth, adults, and communities. The analysis of the most successful community-scale action finds that three implementation principles are critical: (1) asking the right strategic questions in the right order; (2) creating organizational structures and processes that integrate youth and adults into joint decision making; and (3) marshaling boundary-spanning community leaders with diverse skills and extensive networks. The research highlights how community development ideas can augment the predominant research emphasis on youth engagement methods and individual developmental outcomes, focusing attention on whether communities have the leadership and institutional capacity to nurture and sustain youth voice in public life.
The Nature of Property Tax Abatement Awards

Abstract In the past twenty years state and local governments have taken a more active role in influencing the direction of economic development. Public officials have attempted, through the use of fiscal incentives, to spur private investment. Unfortunately, near universal use of these incentives has not been accompanied by more sophisticated policies. In general, awards are made whenever requested and too little attention is paid to the impact upon recipient behavior. This article examines the use of one specific incentive: property tax abatement. Why abatements are virtually always awarded when requested is considered, as is the question of why local officials fail to differentiate between applicant firms despite ample reasons for doing so. Although an invariant award obviates a potential set of organizational and political problems, it does so at the cost of program efficiency. With this in mind, a number of program reforms are suggested.
I-V characteristic effects of fluidic-based memristor for glucose concentration detection

The I-V characteristic effect of thin film TiO2 fluidic-based memristor sensor utilized in sensing various glucose concentrations is described in this paper. Four different glucose concentrations, namely, 5, 10, 20, and 30 mM, are prepared and applied to the sensor. The device is then characterized with Keithley 4200-SCS semiconductor characterization system. Results show that different concentration levels of glucose affect the I-V characteristic of the sensor device. The difference is observed at the first voltage sweep of 0 V to 3 V after glucose was applied. A uniform change in current was recorded for small voltages below 0.9 V. The current decreases as the glucose concentration increases. Analysis shows that the resistance of the memristor sensor increases with the increase in glucose concentration through a quadratic relation.
Towards sustainable urban development: Traffic generation at food superstores in the UK

In the light of increasing concern over home-shopping traffic growth that is generated by food superstores in the United Kingdom (UK) and elsewhere and their possible role in reinforcing a ‘food desert’ effect, this paper introduces an empirical framework for developing policy decisions. A trip attraction model is estimated by ordinary least squares (OLS) for food superstores in the UK using a composite dataset that is constructed from data from the UK Census of Population, the UK National Online Manpower Information System (NOMIS), and the Trip Rate Information Computer System (TRICS). The paper found that traffic to a given food superstore, other things being equal, increases with car ownership, parking provision, retail floor space, distance to the nearest competitor and, perhaps surprisingly, increased public transport provision. The latter effect is discussed in the light of a possible explanation linked to the ‘food deserts’ debate, along with the associated implications for effective (inner-urban) sustainable development. Increases in household size are found to be associated with a fall in vehicle traffic to a site, due to household modes of transport.
Blue Chip Rationality Tests

This paper tests the rationality of forecasts made by individuals who contribute to the Blue Chip consensus forecasting service and tries, by means of a questionnaire on forecasting methods, to establish why some forecasters appear more rational than others. Tests based on consensus forecasts prove unreliable as guides to the number of individuals who produce rational forecasts. Individual forecasts are more likely to be rational if they are based on a mainstream economic theory and incorporate a substantial element of judgment. Copyright 1991 by Ohio State University Press.
Wound healing studies of Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. with supportive action of antioxidant enzymes.

Aristolochia bracteolata is a perennial herb, the leaves of which are used by the native tribals and villagers of the Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh in India for the rapid healing of cuts and wounds. The ethanol extract of the shade-dried leaves of Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. was studied for its effect on wound healing in rats, using incision, excision and dead-space wound models, at two different dose levels of 400 and 800 mg/kg/body wt. /day. The plant showed a definite, positive effect on wound healing, with a significant increase of the level of two powerful antioxidant enzymes, super oxide dismutase and catalase, in the granuloma tissue.
Examining municipal response to a provincial climate action planning mandate in British Columbia, Canada

The provincial legislature of British Columbia (B.C.), Canada, recently enacted Bill 27, which requires all municipal official community plans to contain greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets and associated policies by the end of May 2010. While the legislation is unique by North American standards in its mandate, it lacks particular design features that scholars believe to be critical for fostering compliance. To examine municipal compliance with Bill 27, we address two research questions: what per cent of B.C. municipalities adopted targets by the legislated deadline, and which factors explain variation in target adoption across municipalities? To help answer these questions, we utilise univariate descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses (including mean comparisons and correlation analysis), and binary logistic regression analysis. We find that nearly two-thirds of municipalities adopted targets by the deadline, and that target adoption across municipalities varies with particular municipal characteristics. Our findings highlight the importance of crafting legislation in a strategic fashion in order to maximise effectiveness, and the potential need for provincial governments to target particular sub-populations for additional education and assistance regarding climate action planning. We suggest directions for future research, including additional analysis of the content of adopted targets and associated policies by B.C. municipalities.
Laboratory Experimental Testbeds: Application to the PCS Auction

The paper reviews the uses of laboratory experimental economics methods in the background research and implementation of the Personal Communication Systems auctions held by the Federal Communications Commission. The applications began during the rule making process with the testing of broad rules that might be implemented. Data from experiments were systematically used. The methods were used again in the software development process where several important contributions were made. Finally, experiences gained from the study of experimental auction processes were used in the actual management of the first auctions and in interpreting auction performance. Copyright (c) 1997 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Does Analyst Stock Ownership Affect Reporting Behavior?

An analyst who owns stock in the company she covers may be tempted to protect or enhance her personal interests. This paper examines how this potential conflict of interest affects the reporting of sell-side analysts by identifying and collecting two samples, the first from Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Form 144 filings, and the second from voluntary ownership disclosures. Ordered probit analyses show that owning analyst recommendations are slightly more cautious than those of the control analysts. There is little robust evidence that stock ownership leads to optimistic analyst reporting, however findings indicate that analysts who are consistently optimistic are owners. The results are consistent with a conclusion that analyst stock ownership, unlike other potential incentives, may not be a significant concern since in many cases multiple nonowning analysts also provide reports. Being an outlier potentially reduces any benefit to the owning analyst and risks her personal reputation. In the absence of a detrimental effect, ownership offers a potential benefit as a credible signal of an analyst's conviction in a company's prospects.
Trastuzumab Emtansine With or Without Pertuzumab Versus Trastuzumab Plus Taxane for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive, Advanced Breast Cancer: Primary Results From the Phase III MARIANNE Study

Purpose Trastuzumab and pertuzumab are human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –targeted monoclonal antibodies, and trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is an antibody–drug conjugate that combines the properties of trastuzumab with the cytotoxic activity of DM1. T-DM1 demonstrated encouraging efficacy and safety in a phase II study of patients with previously untreated HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Combination T-DM1 and pertuzumab showed synergistic activity in cell culture models and had an acceptable safety profile in a phase Ib and II study. Methods In the MARIANNE study, 1,095 patients with centrally assessed, HER2-positive, advanced breast cancer and no prior therapy for advanced disease were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to control (trastuzumab plus taxane), T-DM1 plus placebo, hereafter T-DM1, or T-DM1 plus pertuzumab at standard doses. Primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS), as assessed by independent review. Results T-DM1 and T-DM1 plus pertuzumab showed noninferior PFS compared with trastuzumab plus taxane (median PFS: 13.7 months with trastuzumab plus taxane, 14.1 months with T-DM1, and 15.2 months with T-DM1 plus pertuzumab). Neither experimental arm showed PFS superiority to trastuzumab plus taxane. Response rate was 67.9% in patients who were treated with trastuzumab plus taxane, 59.7% with T-DM1, and 64.2% with T-DM1 plus pertuzumab; median response duration was 12.5 months, 20.7 months, and 21.2 months, respectively. The incidence of grade ≥ 3 adverse events was numerically higher in the control arm (54.1%) versus the T-DM1 arm (45.4%) and T-DM1 plus pertuzumab arm (46.2%). Numerically fewer patients discontinued treatment because of adverse events in the T-DM1 arms, and health-related quality of life was maintained for longer in the T-DM1 arms. Conclusion T-DM1 showed noninferior, but not superior, efficacy and better tolerability than did taxane plus trastuzumab for first-line treatment of HER2-positive, advanced breast cancer.
Relevance of microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs)--Part II: Technical aspects.

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) are involved in both detrimental and beneficial consequences of microbial aggregates such as biofilms, flocs and biological sludges. In biofouling, they are responsible for the increase of friction resistance, change of surface properties such as hydrophobicity, roughness, colour, etc. In biocorrosion of metals they are involved by their ability to bind metal ions. In bioweathering, they contribute by their complexing properties to the dissolution of minerals. The EPSs represent a sorption site for pollutants such as heavy metal ions and organic molecules. This can lead to a burden in wastewater sludge; on the other hand, the sorption properties can be used for water purification. Other biotechnological uses of EPS exploit their contribution to viscosity, e.g., in food, paints and oil-drilling 'muds'; their hydrating properties are also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, EPSs may have potential uses as biosurfactants, e.g., in tertiary oil production, and as biological glue. EPSs are an interesting component of all biofilm systems and still hold a large biotechnological potential.
Melatonin attenuates kainic acid‐induced hippocampal neurodegeneration and oxidative stress through microglial inhibition

Abstract: The antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects of melatonin on kainic acid (KA)‐induced neurodegeneration in the hippocampus were evaluated in vivo. It has been suggested that the pineal secretory product, melatonin, protects neurons in vitro from excitotoxicity mediated by kainate‐sensitive glutamate receptors, and from oxidative stress‐induced DNA damage and apoptosis. In this study, we injected 10 mg/kg kainate intraperitoneally (i.p.) into adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats. This results in selective neuronal degeneration accompanied by intense microglial activation and triggers DNA damage in the hippocampus. We tested the in vivo efficacy of melatonin in preventing KA‐induced neurodegeneration, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. Melatonin (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was given 20 min before, immediately after, and 1 and 2 hr after KA administration. Rats were killed 72 hr later and their hippocampi were examined for evidence of DNA damage (in situ dUTP end‐labeling, i.e. TUNEL staining), cell viability (hematoxylin and eosin staining), and microglial (isolectin‐B4 histochemistry) and astroglial responses (glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemistry), as well as lipid peroxidation (4‐hydroxynonenal immunohistochemistry). A cumulative dose of 10 mg/kg melatonin attenuates KA‐induced neuronal death, lipid peroxidation, and microglial activation, and reduces the number of DNA breaks. A possible mechanism for melatonin‐mediated neuroprotection involves its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory actions. The present data suggest that melatonin is potentially useful in the treatment of acute brain pathologies associated with oxidative stress‐induced neuronal damage such as epilepsy, stroke, and traumatic brain injury.
Accounting choices: technical and political trade‐offs and the UK’s private finance initiative

The Private Finance Initiative (PFI) is designed to introduce new resources into the national infrastructure. It introduces the idea that the public sector can provide services by purchasing them from the private sector rather than by direct provision. There have been considerable disagreements about how to account for these transactions. Key in this has been differences of view as to whether PFI transactions involve purchase of assets and thus whether the transaction should appear on the balance‐sheets of the public sector. This seemingly technical question has generated considerable debate and disagreements between the UK government and the Accounting Standards Board (ASB). Closer investigation into this disagreement demonstrates a range of alternative views and tensions. Describes and analyses these different views and the inter‐ and intra‐relationships and tensions between these parties using an interests‐based, political framework for this contextual analysis. Demonstrates how accounting standard setting, in cases such as accounting for PFI, if only analysed at the technical level, misses a range of social dynamics that are central to understanding the role of accounting in the development of society.
Development of speech emotion recognition system using deep belief networks in malayalam language

The goal of this work is to validate the impact of natural elicitation of emotions by the speakers during the development of speech emotion databases for Malayalam language. The work also proposes a Gaussian Mixture Model-Deep Belief Networks (GMM-DBN) based speech emotion recognition system. To test the effect of emotion elicitation by the speakers, two independent datasets with emotionally biased and emotionally neutral utterances are recorded in three emotions (Angry, Happy and Sad) in Malayalam language. The speech utterances of both datasets are recorded in two sessions. To develop GMM-DBN systems, the GMM models for each emotion is independently developed using Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) features and the distribution of these features for each utterance with respect to each emotion model is derived in terms of histograms with mean vectors as the frequency bins. The mean of these histograms obtained in such a manner from each emotion model is used as a feature to train the DBN. The performance of the proposed GMM-DBN system is evaluated on the developed emotionally biased and emotionally neutral datasets for Malayalam language. Based on the comparison of the emotion recognition rates obtained, a higher emotion recognition rate is observed for utterances in emotionally biased dataset which implies that the use of emotionally biased prompts during recording identify emotions more effectively. Also, the dependency of the language for the contextual prompts is observed.
EDUCATIONAL NEEDS AND PERCEPTIONS OF IOWA BEGINNING FARMERS TOWARD THEIR EDUCATION

The primary purpose of this study was to identify the perceptions of beginning farmers in Iowa towards the content and delivery of beginning farmer education. A secondary purpose was to determine the usefulness of selected educational providers and media. Questionnaires were mailed to 286 beginning Iowa farmers in 1997. Responses were received from 48% of the sample. Beginning farmers showed preferences towards experiential learning, problem-solving, and critical thinking skills. They relied heavily on parents, siblings, and relatives, Extension, and consultants for educational information. They felt strongly that lifelong learning and continuing education were important in the development of theirfarming careers. Also, they preferred on-site educational instruction, single meetings on a spectjic topic, and consulting public institutions for unbiased information. At the same time, the beginning farmers indicated that radio, information services, marketing services, and newspapers are likely to be important educational media in the future. Cutting-edge educational technologies were not as highly rated as more conventional instructional technologies.
Sinking Swann: Public School Choice and the Resegregation of Charlotte's Public Schools

Public school choice is a widely used tool for education reform and may be a way to improve school accountability and efficiency. This article examines what happened to student outcomes when Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools, a large and diverse urban school district located in North Carolina, changed its assignment policy to one of open enrollment with mandatory choice. The previous policy used a broad array of magnet schools and a limited amount of mandatory busing to achieve desegregation. The new policy required that all students choose a school, and it specifically avoided using race or ethnicity considerations in assigning students. The article examines the impacts of the new policy on the end-of-grade standardized tests in reading and math. The article uses regression analysis to discover whether the scores of various groups of students increased or decreased after the policy change. The analysis suggests that the "race-neutral" assignment policy was neither neutral in the opportunity it provided students to attend their school of choice nor in its academic outcomes. Anglo students were more likely to receive their first choice of schools and to improve their scores. African American students were less likely to receive their first choice school and their scores declined. Copyright 2006 by The Policy Studies Organization.