Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of manufactured foods enriched with fish oils as a means of increasing long-chain n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake

The objectives of the present study were to determine the feasibility of using manufactured foods, enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) as a means of increasing the intake of these n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and to determine the effect of the consumption of these foods on postprandial lipaemia and other metabolic responses to a high-fat mixed test meal. Nine healthy, normotriacylglycerolaemic, free-living male volunteers (aged 35–60 years) completed the randomized, controlled, single-blind, crossover study. The study consisted of two periods (each of 22d) of dietary intervention, separated by a 5-month washout period. During these two periods the subjects were provided with the manufactured foods enriched with EPA and DHA (n−3 enriched) or identical but unenriched foods (control). A mixed test meal containing 82g fat was given to the fasted subjects on day 22 of each dietary intervention period. Two fasting, and thereafter hourly, blood samples were collected from the subjects for an 8h period postprandially. Plasma triacylglycerol, total and HDL-cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose and immunoreactive insulin levels, post-heparin lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1.1.34) activity and the plasma free fatty acid and phospholipid fatty acid compositions were measured. A mean daily intake of 1·4 g EPA + DHA (0·9 g EPA, 0·5 g DHA) was ingested during the n−3-enriched dietary period, which was significantly higher than the intake during the habitual and control periods (P <0·001) assessed by a 3 dweighed food intake. A significantly higher level of EPA + DHA enrichment of the plasma fatty acids and phospholipids (P < 0·001) after the n−3-enriched compared withthe control intervention periods was also found. The energy intake on both of the dietary intervention periods was found to be significantly higher than on the habitual diet (P <0·001), with an increase in body weight of the subjects, which reachedsignificance during the n−3 PUFA-enriched dietary intervention period (P < 0·04). The palatability of the enriched foods was not significantly different from that of the control foods. Significantly higher fasting plasma HDL-cholesterol and glucose concentrations were found after the n-3 PUFA-enriched compared with the control intervention period (P < 0·02 and P < 0·05 respectively). No significant differences were found for the postprandial lipid and hormone measurements, except for significantly lower levels of NEFA at 60min after the n−3-enriched intervention period (P< 0·04). Enriched manufactured foods were a feasible vehicle for increasing n−3 PUFA intake. However the nature of the foods provided as the n−3 vehicle may have contributed to the increased body weight and higher energy intakes which were adverse consequences of the intervention. These factors, together with the short duration of the study may have been reponsible for the failure to observe significant plasma triacylglycerol reductions in response to daily intakes of 1·4g EPA+DHA.
Depression in patients with multiple sclerosis

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of depression in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to analyze the link between depression and patient sex, age, clinical course of MS, disease duration, antidepressant intake, and degree of disability. Patients and methods: The study was conducted on 102 MS patients that had undergone inpatient rehabilitation at the Lipik Hospital in the period from May 15, 2015 to September 15, 2015. Data on patient age, sex, degree of disability, clinical course of MS, antidepressant use, and time elapsed from MS diagnosis were collected. The diagnosis of depressive syndrome was made using the Patient Health Questionnairenine (PHQ-9). Study patients were divided into two groups according to the depressive syndrome absence or presence. Results: The total number of respondents was 102, of which 31 (30.4%) met the criteria for depressive syndrome diagnosis. 10 (32.3%) out of the 31 patients were taking antidepressants. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the presence of depressive syndrome and higher level of disability (P = 0.028), whereas there was no correlation between the presence of depression and sex (P = 0.429), age (P = 0.652), disease duration (P = 0.549), and disease course (P = 0.326). Conclusion: The high rate of patients screened positive for depression and the fact that only one-third of these patients were taking antidepressants call for an active approach to diagnosis and the treatment of depression in MS patients.
Language in Mind: Advances in the Study of Language and Thought

The idea that the language we speak influences the way we think has evoked perennial fascination and intense controversy. According to the strong version of this hypothesis, called the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis after the American linguists who propounded it, languages vary in their semantic partitioning of the world, and the structure of one's language influences how one understands the world. Thus speakers of different languages perceive the world differently.Although the last two decades have been marked by extreme skepticism concerning the possible effects of language on thought, recent theoretical and methodological advances in cognitive science have given the question new life. Research in linguistics and linguistic anthropology has revealed striking differences in cross-linguistic semantic patterns, and cognitive psychology has developed subtle techniques for studying how people represent and remember experience. It is now possible to test predictions about how a given language influences the thinking of its speakers.Language in Mind includes contributions from both skeptics and believers and from a range of fields. It contains work in cognitive psychology, cognitive development, linguistics, anthropology, and animal cognition. The topics discussed include space, number, motion, gender, theory of mind, thematic roles, and the ontological distinction between objects and substances. The contributors include Melissa Bowerman, Eve Clark, Jill de Villiers, Peter de Villiers, Giyoo Hatano, Stan Kuczaj, Barbara Landau, Stephen Levinson, John Lucy, Barbara Malt, Dan Slobin, Steven Sloman, Elizabeth Spelke, and Michael Tomasello.
Symptomatic elongated styloid process; report of two cases of styloid process-carotid artery syndrome with operation.

SOME of the obscure, as well as common, pharyngeal pains, painful deglutition and referred otalgia may be traced to an elongated styloid process. 1 It is of interest that these symptoms are usually found only after tonsillectomy. I now hope to establish that the elongated styloid process may also cause facial pain and headache, even when tonsillectomy has not been performed, owing to impingement of the process on a carotid artery. Thus, there exist two distinct syndromes referable to the styloid process; these syndromes present groups of symptoms which differ in their anatomic locations. The classic, and commoner, syndrome usually relates all symptoms to the pharynx and the ear, but occasionally an atypical group of symptoms may be referred to the hypopharynx and the upper part of the esophagus. 1f The second syndrome, which I shall designate as the styloid process–carotid artery syndrome, presents symptoms related to the pattern of
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ( CEA ) In Cervical Neoplasia

Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) In Cervical Neoplasia (Review) June 28, 2011 | Laparoscopy [1], Pregnancy and Birth [2] By OBGYN.net Staff [3] One of the important problems in the clinical management of cancer is the early detection of its occurrence. The demonstration of immunoreactive substances, which are specific or associated with cancer and measurable in serum, provides an interesting and promising approach to cancer detection
Effect of GnRH analogues on apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and FasL proteins in endometrial epithelial cell cultures from patients with endometriosis and controls.

BACKGROUND Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of the GnRH agonist (GnRHa), leuprolide acetate (LA), and the GnRH antagonist (GnRHant), Antide, on apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-related proteins in endometrial epithelial cell (EEC) cultures from patients with endometriosis and controls (infertile women without endometriosis). METHODS Biopsy specimens of eutopic endometrium were obtained from 22 patients with endometriosis and from 14 women that served as controls. Apoptosis was examined in EEC after incubation with LA and Antide. Bax, Bcl-2, Fas and FasL expression was evaluated after exposure to LA, Antide or a combination of both. The percentage of apoptotic cells (%ApC) was assessed by the acridine orange-ethidium bromide technique, and protein expression was evaluated by western blot and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS LA 100 and 1000 ng/ml increased the %ApC in EEC from patients with endometriosis (both P < 0.05) and controls (p < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Antide 10(-5) M increased the %ApC in EEC from patients with endometriosis and controls (P < 0.01). In EEC from women with endometriosis, Bax expression increased after treatment with LA, Antide and LA + Antide (P < 0.05, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), whereas Bcl-2 expression decreased after exposure to LA and Antide (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01). FasL expression increased after LA, Antide and LA + Antide treatments (P < 0.01, P < 0.001 and P < 0.01). No significant changes were observed on Fas expression. CONCLUSIONS GnRH analogues enhanced apoptosis in EEC, and this was accompanied by an increase in expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and FasL and a decrease in expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2.
Adaptive auditory risk assessment in the dogbane tiger moth when pursued by bats

Moths and butterflies flying in search of mates risk detection by numerous aerial predators; under the cover of night, the greatest threat will often be from insectivorous bats. During such encounters, the toxic dogbane tiger moth, Cycnia tenera uses the received intensity, duration and emission pattern of the bat's echolocation calls to determine when, and how many, defensive ultrasonic clicks to produce in return. These clicks, which constitute an acoustic startle response, act as warning signals against bats in flight. Using an integrated test of stimulus generalization and dishabituation, here we show that C. tenera is able to discriminate between the echolocation calls characteristic of a bat that has only just detected it versus those of a bat actively in pursuit of it. We also show that C. tenera habituates more profoundly to the former stimulus train (‘early attack’) than to the latter (‘late attack’), even though it was initially equally responsive to both stimuli. Matched sensory and behavioural data indicate that reduced responsiveness reflects habituation and is not merely attributable to sensory adaptation or motor fatigue. In search of mates in the face of bats, C. tenera's ability to discriminate between attacking bats representing different levels of risk, and to habituate less so to those most dangerous, should function as an adaptive cost–benefit trade-off mechanism in nature.
Modeling nitrous oxide emission from rivers: a global assessment

Estimates of global riverine nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions contain great uncertainty. We conducted a meta‐analysis incorporating 169 observations from published literature to estimate global riverine N2O emission rates and emission factors. Riverine N2O flux was significantly correlated with NH4, NO3 and DIN (NH4 + NO3) concentrations, loads and yields. The emission factors EF(a) (i.e., the ratio of N2O emission rate and DIN load) and EF(b) (i.e., the ratio of N2O and DIN concentrations) values were comparable and showed negative correlations with nitrogen concentration, load and yield and water discharge, but positive correlations with the dissolved organic carbon : DIN ratio. After individually evaluating 82 potential regression models based on EF(a) or EF(b) for global, temperate zone and subtropical zone datasets, a power function of DIN yield multiplied by watershed area was determined to provide the best fit between modeled and observed riverine N2O emission rates (EF(a): R2 = 0.92 for both global and climatic zone models, n = 70; EF(b): R2 = 0.91 for global model and R2 = 0.90 for climatic zone models, n = 70). Using recent estimates of DIN loads for 6400 rivers, models estimated global riverine N2O emission rates of 29.6–35.3 (mean = 32.2) Gg N2O–N yr−1 and emission factors of 0.16–0.19% (mean = 0.17%). Global riverine N2O emission rates are forecasted to increase by 35%, 25%, 18% and 3% in 2050 compared to the 2000s under the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment's Global Orchestration, Order from Strength, Technogarden, and Adapting Mosaic scenarios, respectively. Previous studies may overestimate global riverine N2O emission rates (300–2100 Gg N2O–N yr−1) because they ignore declining emission factor values with increasing nitrogen levels and channel size, as well as neglect differences in emission factors corresponding to different nitrogen forms. Riverine N2O emission estimates will be further enhanced through refining emission factor estimates, extending measurements longitudinally along entire river networks and improving estimates of global riverine nitrogen loads.
The kinetochore prevents centromere-proximal crossover recombination during meiosis

During meiosis, crossover recombination is essential to link homologous chromosomes and drive faithful chromosome segregation. Crossover recombination is non-random across the genome, and centromere-proximal crossovers are associated with an increased risk of aneuploidy, including Trisomy 21 in humans. Here, we identify the conserved Ctf19/CCAN kinetochore sub-complex as a major factor that minimizes potentially deleterious centromere-proximal crossovers in budding yeast. We uncover multi-layered suppression of pericentromeric recombination by the Ctf19 complex, operating across distinct chromosomal distances. The Ctf19 complex prevents meiotic DNA break formation, the initiating event of recombination, proximal to the centromere. The Ctf19 complex independently drives the enrichment of cohesin throughout the broader pericentromere to suppress crossovers, but not DNA breaks. This non-canonical role of the kinetochore in defining a chromosome domain that is refractory to crossovers adds a new layer of functionality by which the kinetochore prevents the incidence of chromosome segregation errors that generate aneuploid gametes. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.10850. 001
Topology Switching for Data Center Networks

Emerging data-center network designs seek to provide physical topologies with high bandwidth, large bisection capacities, and many alternative data paths. Yet, existing protocols present a one-size-fits-all approach for forwarding packets. Traditionally, the routing process chooses one "best" route for each end-point pair. While some modern protocols support multiple paths through techniques like ECMP, each path continues to be selected using the same optimization metric. However, today's data centers host applications with a diverse universe of networking needs; a single-minded forwarding approach is likely to either let paths go unused, sacrificing reliability and performance, or make the entire network available to all applications, sacrificing needs such as isolation. This paper introduces topology switching to return control to individual applications for deciding best how to route data among their nodes. Topology switching formalizes the simultaneous use of multiple routing mechanisms in a data center, allowing applications to define multiple routing systems and deploy individualized routing tasks at small time scales. We introduce the topology switching abstraction and illustrate how it can provide both network efficiency and individual application performance, and admit flexible network management strategies.
The architecture of fibroblast monolayers of different origin differentially influences tumor cell growth

Normal human and murine fibroblasts can inhibit proliferation of tumor cells when co‐cultured in vitro. The inhibitory capacity varies depending on the donor and the site of origin of the fibroblast. It requires direct cell‐to‐cell contact and is not transferable with supernatant. Here, we show that effective inhibition also requires the formation of a morphologically intact fibroblast monolayer before the seeding of the tumor cells. Interference with the formation of the monolayer impairs the inhibition. Subclones of TERT‐immortalized fibroblasts were selected on the basis of differences in the growth pattern and related inhibitory activity. Whereas the well‐organized “whirly” (WH) growth pattern was associated with strong inhibition, the disorganized “crossy” (CR) growth pattern was linked to reduced inhibition. Time lapse imaging of tumor‐fibroblast co‐cultures using extended field live cell microscopy revealed that fibroblast monolayers with growth inhibitory capacity also reduced the motility of the tumor cells whereas noninhibitory monolayers had no effect on tumor cell motility. Gene expression pattern of two isogenic pairs of fibroblasts, WH and CR subclones of the TERT immortalized line (inhibitory, and less inhibitory subsequently) and freshly explanted skin (inhibitory) and hernia (noninhibitory) fibroblasts derived from the same patient, identified a set of genes that co‐segregated with the inhibitory phenotype. This suggests that our model system may reveal molecular mechanisms involved in contact‐mediated microenvironmental surveillance that may protect the organism from the outgrowth of disseminated tumor cells.
IMPACT OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A TREATMENT UNIT OF NATURAL RUBBER ( HEVEA BRASILIENSIS ) ON THE FLORA OF ATTINGUÉ , IN THE SOUTH OF CÔTE D ' IVOIRE KOUASSI Kouadio Henri

This report highlights and evaluates the negative impacts of the construction and the exploitation of a treatment unit of Hevea brasiliensis on the flora of Attingué, a locality in the south of Côte d'Ivoire. The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate the impacts of the project on the flora in order to put forward measures of attenuations or corrective. The itinerant inventory and the method of quadrat were associated during floristic inventories. The results showed that the flora is fairly diversified and fairly homogeneous. The destruction of the floristic potential of regeneration (DPE) and the ecological disturbances (EP) were the major impacts during the prospection and construction. The proliferation of herbaceous (PRO) and the impoverishment (APA) of woody species were the major impacts during the production phase. At the end of the project, the evolution of floristic diversity (EVD), was the most perceptible impact. These impacts caused during all the phases of the project contributed to weaken the flora of the site and exposed it to the risks of biological, ecological and climatic imbalances. © 2014 AESS Publications. All Rights Reserved.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Alone after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Initial Cytology-Proven Axillary Node Metastasis

Purpose Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has been recently used to downstage breast cancer. However, in patients with initial axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis, ALN dissection regardless of the NAC response remains the standard treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify the feasibility and accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after NAC in patients with ALN metastasis at diagnosis. Methods From January 2007 to August 2013, data of patients who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and ALN metastasis and treated with NAC followed by definitive surgery in two centers were collected retrospectively. A total of 386 patients were enrolled and classified into five groups according to surgical procedure for the ALNs and pathologic results. Results At SLNB after NAC, sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) that stained blue or were hot, including suspicious nodes, were identified; the SLN identification and false-negative rates was 96% and 10%, respectively. There was no difference in the overall survival among the groups. For patients who revealed a pathologic complete node response, there was a significant difference in the disease-free survival rate between the SLNB only and complete ALN dissection groups (p=0.031). However, the rate of axillary recurrence demonstrated no significant differences among the groups (p>0.050). Conclusion SLNB after NAC in breast cancer patients with initial ALN metastasis may help identify downstaging to negative nodal status and thereby reduce the surgical morbidity by avoiding standard ALN dissection.
The Beatbug Network: A Rhythmic System for Interdependent Group Collaboration

The Beatbugs are hand-held percussive instruments that allow the creation, manipulation, and sharing of rhythmic motifs through a simple interface. When multiple Beatbugs are connected in a network, players can form large-scale collaborative compositions by interdependently sharing and developing each other's motifs. Each Beatbug player can enter a motif that is then sent through a stochastic computerized "Nerve Center" to other players in the network. Receiving players can decide whether to develop the motif further (by continuously manipulating pitch, timbre, and rhythmic elements using two bend sensor antennae) or to keep it in their personal instrument (by entering and sending their own new motifs to the group.) The tension between the system's stochastic routing scheme and the players' improvised real-time decisions leads to an interdependent, dynamic, and constantly evolving musical experience. A musical composition entitled "Nerve" was written for the system by author Gil Weinberg. It was premiered on February 2002 as part of Tod Machover's Toy Symphony [1] in a concert with the Deutsches Symphonie Orchester Berlin, conducted by Kent Nagano. The paper concludes with a short evaluative discussion of the concert and the week-long workshops that led to it.
Rational and algebraic series in combinatorial enumeration

Let A be a class of objects, equipped with an integer size such that for all n the number an of objects of size n is finite. We are interested in the case where the generating functionn antn is rational, or more generally algebraic. This property has a practical interest, since one can usually say a lot on the numbers an, but also a combinatorial one: the rational or algebraic nature of the generating function suggests that the objects have a (possibly hidden) structure, similar to the linear structure of words in the rational case, and to the branching structure of trees in the algebraic case. We describe and illustrate this combinatorial intuition, and discuss its validity. While it seems to be satisfactory in the rational case, it is probably incomplete in the algebraic one. We conclude with open questions.