Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TOPS: an enhanced database of protein structural topology

The TOPS database holds topological descriptions of protein structures. These compact and highly abstract descriptions reduce the protein fold to a sequence of Secondary Structure Elements (SSEs) and three sets of pairwise relationships between them, hydrogen bonds relating parallel and anti- parallel beta strands, spatial adjacencies relating neighbouring SSEs, and the chiralities of selected supersecondary structures, including connections in betaalphabeta units and between parallel alpha helices. The database is used as a resource for visualizing folding topologies, fast topological pattern searching and structure comparison. Here, significant enhancements to the TOPS database are described. The topological description has been enhanced to include packing relationships between helices, which significantly improves the description of protein folds with little beta strand content. Further, the topological description has been annotated with sequence information. The query interfaces to the database have been improved and the new version can be found at http://www.tops. leeds.ac. uk/.
Grand Canyon Trekkers

The incidence of childhood overweight is especially troubling among low income Latino youth. Grand Canyon Trekkers (GCT) was implemented as a quasi-experimental study in 10 Title 1 elementary schools with a large Latino population to examine the effects of a 16-week structured walking program on components of health-related physical fitness: Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, and cardio-respiratory. Data on 1,074 research participants revealed no significance changes in BMI or waist circumference (p > .05); however, cardio-respiratory fitness increased by 37.1% over baseline. Cardiovascular fitness is an independent determinant of long-term health; therefore, the GCT program may have significantly improved the future health profile of the participants and decreased their risk of metabolic diseases.
Evidence of the characteristics of women entrepreneurs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Purpose – Interest in women entrepreneurs from various backgrounds has led to increased publication in the literature about particular women's entrepreneurship issues. However, notwithstanding the importance of this area, little information exists about women entrepreneurs' business practices, survival and growth strategies and their perceptions of entrepreneurial careers; indeed, many questions remain unanswered. To address this gap, this study aims to explore some of these questions by considering women entrepreneurs in Arab countries, more specifically, women's entrepreneurship activities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), a country with unwritten social mores in a patriarchal, male dominant society. The key objective is to examine these women's personal characteristics, motivation factors, business challenges and perception on entrepreneurial behaviours.Design/methodology/approach – Because of the lack of statistical data and difficulties conducting studies in an Arabic society, this study employed.
State-of-the-Art in Stock Prediction Techniques

Stock markets are affected by many uncertainties and interrelated economic and political factors at both local and global levels. The key to successful stock market forecasting is achieving best results with minimum required input data. To determine the set of relevant factors for making accurate predictions is a complicated task and so regular stock market analysis is very essential. More specifically, the stock market’s movements are analyzed and predicted in order to retrieve knowledge that could guide investors on when to buy and sell. It will also help the investor to make money through his investment in the stock market. This paper surveys large number of resources from research papers, web-sources, company reports and other available sources.
Women and minorities in science, technology, engineering and mathematics : upping the numbers

Contents: Preface PART I: WOMEN AND MINORITIES IN STEM: THE BIG PICTURE 1. Women and Minorities in STEM: A Primer Ronald J. Burke 2. Keys to Success for Women in Science Donna J. Dean and Anne Fleckenstein PART II: EXPERIENCES OF WOMEN AND MINORITIES IN STEM 3. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Women Engineering Students' Experiences of UK Higher Education Abigail Powell, Barbara Bagilhole and Andrew Dainty 4. Myths and Realities in the IT Workplace: Gender Differences and Similarities in Climate Perceptions Debra A. Major, Donald D. Davis, Janis Sanchez-Hucles, Heather J. Downey and Lisa M. Germano 5. Voices of the Future: African-American PhD Candidates in the Sciences Daryl E. Chubin 6. Women in the Land of Milk, Honey and High Technology: The Israeli Case Ronit Kark 7. An Empirical Test of the Glass Ceiling Effect for Asian Americans in Science and Engineering Tina T. Chen and James L. Farr PART III: BUILDING INTEREST AND COMMITMENT TO STEM 8. Women in Mathematics: Examining the Hidden Barriers that Gender Stereotypes Can Impose Jennifer R. Steele, Leah Reisz, Amanda Williams and Kerry Kawakami 9. Attracting the Engineers of 2020 Today Susan Staffin Metz 10. Developing Career Commitment in STEM-related Fields: Myths versus Reality Helen M. Madill, Rachel G. Campbell, Dallas M. Cullen, Margaret-Ann Armour, Albert A. Einsiedel, Anna-Lisa Ciccocioppo, Jody Sherman, Leonard L. Stewin, Stanley Varnhagen, T. Craig Montgomerie, Cynthia J. Rothwell and Wendy L. Coffin PART IV: ENRICHING THE EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE 11. Achieving Greater Diversity through Curricular Change Ilene J. Busch-Vishniac and Jeffrey P. Jarosz 12. Undergraduate Student Support Programs Bevlee A. Watford PART V: IMPROVING THE PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 13. The Representation and Experience of Women Faculty in STEM Fields Xiangfen Liang and Diana Bilimoria 14. Upstream and Downstram in the Engineering Pipeline: What's Blocking US Women from Pursuing Engineering Careers? Mary C. Mattis Index
One Speaker, Two Languages: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives on Code-Switching

This book grew out of a European Science Foundation (ESF) Net\vork on Code-switching and Language Contact (19901993) aimed at identifying the principal issues involved in research on bilingualism. In addition to the editors’ introduction the volume contains 14 chapters organized into four parts. Part One (Codeswitching in institutional and community settings) has primarily a European focus, and contains four chapters dealing with bilingualism among the Iberian and Algerian migrant communities in France (Dabcne and Moore), switching between varieties of Italian (Giacalone Ramat), the myth of discreteness of linguistic systems (Gardner-Chloros), and code-switching in the classroom (Martin-Jones). Part TWO (Codeswitching and social life) has three chapters: a pragmatic approach making use of sequential aspects of code-switching (Auer), a social network approach to code-switching (Milroy and Li), and code-switching and the politics of language (Heller). Part Three (grammatical constraints on code-switching) includes chapters on code-switching and grammatical theory (Muysken), patterns of nominal mixing (Poplack and Meechan), and a lexically based approach to code-switching (Myers-Scotton). Part Four (Code-switching in bilingual development and processing) contains chapters on a psycholinguistic approach to codeswitching (Grosjean), code-switching in bilingual first language acquisition (Koppe and Meisel,) code-switching among adults with language disorders (Hyltenstam), and a concluding chapter by Tabouret-Keller on the challenges posed by code-switching. Readers hoping to find consensus in either terminology or theory will be disappointed by this book. One of the major problems plaguing the study of bilingualism is the existence of a range of conflicting and overlapping terms in addition to the use of the same terms in different meanings (see Romaine, 1995). Unfortunately, the group’s endeavor to impose some standardization of terminology was unsuccessful. No clear set of terms defined uniformly emerges across the chapters. Matters are just as messy on the theoretical side too. Interestingly, Gardner-Chloros suggests that the term “codeswitching” has become a “victim of its own success” (70) in the sense that the cxistence of the term reinforces linguists’ preconceived notions of languages as discrete linguistic systems and in code-switching as an objective reality rather than as a fuzzy edged construct. Drawing clear lines betiveen codeswitching and other interlingual phenomena such as borrowing, interference or pidginization, is an ideological rather than an objective linguistic exercise. At the other end ofthe ideological
Efficient Multi-User Parallel Greedy Bit-Loading Algorithm with Fairness Control For DMT Systems

In the early days of DMT development, bit loading was studied only in single-user case, where only one pair of modems (transmitter and receiver) was considered. Compared with traditional telephone service, DSL systems always work on high frequency range, which causes the crosstalk interference among the twisted pairs in the same cable noticeable. The SNR of a subchannel is related not only with the PSD of its own transmitter, but also with the PSD of all other transmitters in the same cable that act as distur bers. The bit-loading algorithms need to be extended to multi-user scenario to obtain the global optimum performance among all users. The optimal algorithm for discrete multi-user bit loading is a natural extension of single-user greedy algorithm. A matrix of cost is calculated, with elements that represent the power increment to transmit additional bits for each subchannel. Then, the subchannel with minimum cost is found, and additional bits are assigned to it. The process continues until all subchannels are filled. A drawback of the multi-user greedy bit loading is the computation complexity. For a single iteration of the algorithm, only one subchannel on one user who has the minimum cost is selected to get additional bits. The objective of this chapter is to propose an efficient greedy bit-loading algorithm for multi-user DMT systems. An improved parallel bit-loading algorithm for multi-user DMT will be discussed. The new algorithm is based on multi-user greedy bit loading. In a single Open Access Database www.intechweb. org
Understanding Wellbeing Among College Music Students and Amateur Musicians in Western Switzerland

Musical performance requires the ability to master a complex integration of highly specialized motor, cognitive, and perceptual skills developed over years of practice. It often means also being able to deal with considerable pressure within dynamic environments. Consequently, many musicians suffer from health-related problems and report a large number of physical and psychological complaints. Our research aimed to evaluate and analyze the wellbeing of two distinct groups of musicians, college music students and amateur performers in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. A total sample of 126 musicians was recruited for the study (mean age ±SD = 22.4 ± 4.5 years, 71 male). Wellbeing was assessed through the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire evaluating two general measures, quality of life (QoL) and general health, and four specific dimensions: physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment. For both groups, respondents’ QoL was high on each measure: median scores were higher than 4 for the two general measures and higher than 70 for the four specific dimensions. Among the dimensions, respondents had the highest mean score for environment (75.0), then social relationships and physical health (74.0 and 73.8, respectively), and finally, psychological health (70.3). Differences between groups of musicians emerged in terms of overall QoL and general health, as well as the physical health dimension, where college music students scored lower than the amateur musicians; conversely, college music students scored higher than the amateurs on social relationships. Our overview of musicians’ wellbeing in Western Switzerland demonstrates that, while music making can offer some health protective effects, there is a need for greater health awareness and promotion among advanced music students. This research offers insight into musicians’ wellbeing and points to the importance of involving different actors (teachers, administrators, support staff) in facilitating healthy music making.
Separating Between Trust and Access Control Policies: A necessity for Web Applications ∗

As Security is the key of success for Web Applications most of the efforts that have been put in this domain have focused on wining users' trust to adopt the Web environment for their business operations. Although user trust is of paramount importance for Web applications, one also needs to consider Web applications trust towards users here after referred to as user trustworthiness. This paper explains why management of trust/mistrust is an increasing security issue in Web environment and proposes an authorization architecture framework that clearly separates between access control policies and mistrust management. It also describes a model that evaluates trustworthiness of users trust towards its integration in the authorization process.
The Equivalence of Learning Paths in Early Science Instruction

In a study with 112 third- and fourth-grade children, we measured the relative effectiveness of discovery learning and direct instruction at two points in the learning process: (a) during the initial acquisition of the basic cognitive objective (a procedure for designing and interpreting simple, unconfounded experiments) and (b) during the subsequent transfer and application of this basic skill to more diffuse and authentic reasoning associated with the evaluation of science-fair posters. We found not only that many more children learned from direct instruction than from discovery learning, but also that when asked to make broader, richer scientific judgments, the many children who learned about experimental design from direct instruction performed as well as those few children who discovered the method on their own. These results challenge predictions derived from the presumed superiority of discovery approaches in teaching young children basic procedures for early scientific investigations.
A Strategy for Genome-Wide Identification of Gene Based Polymorphisms in Rice Reveals Non-Synonymous Variation and Functional Genotypic Markers

The genetic diversity of plants has traditionally been employed to improve crop plants to suit human needs, and in the future feed the increasing population and protect crops from environmental stresses and climate change. Genome-wide sequencing is a reality and can be used to make association to crop traits to be utilized by high-throughput marker based selection methods. This study describes a strategy of using next generation sequencing (NGS) data from the rice genome to make comparisons to the high-quality reference genome, identify functional polymorphisms within genes that might result in function changes and be used to study correlations to traits and employed in genetic mapping. We analyzed the NGS data of Oryza sativa ssp indica cv. G4 covering 241 Mb with ∼20X coverage and compared to the reference genome of Oryza sativa ssp. japonica to describe the genome-wide distribution of gene-based single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The analysis shows that the 63% covered genome consists of 1.6 million SNPs with 6.9 SNPs/Kb, and including 80,146 insertions and 92,655 deletions (INDELs) genome-wide. There are a total of 1,139,801 intergenic SNPs, 295,136 SNPs in intronic/non-coding regions, 195,098 in coding regions, 23,242 SNPs at the five-prime (5′) UTR regions and 22,686 SNPs at the three-prime (3′) UTR region. SNP variation was found in 40,761 gene loci, which include 75,262 synonymous and 119,836 non-synonymous changes, and functional reading frame changes through 3,886 inducing STOP-codon (isSNP) and 729 preventing STOP-codon (psSNP) variation. There are quickly evolving 194 high SNP hotspot genes (>100 SNPs/gene), and 1,513 out of 2,458 transcription factors displaying 2,294 non-synonymous SNPs that can be a major source of phenotypic diversity within the species. All data is searchable at https://plantstress-pereira.uark. edu/oryza2. We envision that this strategy will be useful for the identification of genes for crop traits and molecular breeding of rice cultivars.
Heparan sulfate expression in polarized epithelial cells: the apical sorting of glypican (GPI-anchored proteoglycan) is inversely related to its heparan sulfate content

Several processes that occur in the luminal compartments of the tissues are modulated by heparin-like polysaccharides. To identify proteins responsible for the expression of heparan sulfate at the apex of polarized cells, we investigated the polarity of the expression of the cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans in CaCo-2 cells. Domain- specific biotinylation of the apical and basolateral membranes of these cells identified glypican, a GPI-linked heparan sulfate proteoglycan, as the major source of apical heparan sulfate. Yet, most of this proteoglycan was expressed at the basolateral surface, an unexpected finding for a glypiated protein. Metabolic labeling and chase experiments indicated that sorting mechanisms, rather than differential turnover, accounted for this bipolar expression of glypican. Chlorate treatment did not affect the polarity of the expression of glypican in CaCo-2 cells, and transfectant MDCK cells expressed wild-type glypican and a syndecan-4/glypican chimera also in an essentially unpolarized fashion. Yet, complete removal of the heparan sulfate glycanation sites from the glypican core protein resulted in the nearly exclusive apical targeting of glypican in the transfectants, whereas two- and one-chain mutant forms had intermediate distributions. These results indicate that glypican accounts for the expression of apical heparan sulfate, but that glycanation of the core protein antagonizes the activity of the apical sorting signal conveyed by the GPI anchor of this proteoglycan. A possible implication of these findings is that heparan sulfate glycanation may be a determinant of the subcellular expression of glypican. Alternatively, inverse glycanation-apical sorting relationships in glypican may insure near constant deliveries of HS to the apical compartment, or "active" GPI-mediated entry of heparan sulfate into apical membrane compartments may require the overriding of this antagonizing effect of the heparan sulfate chains.
Introducing the Prague Discourse Treebank 1.0

We present the Prague Discourse Treebank 1.0, a collection of Czech texts annotated for various discourse-related phenomena "beyond the sentence boundary". The treebank contains manual annotations of (1), discourse connectives, their arguments and senses, (2), textual coreference, and (3), bridging anaphora, all carried out on 50k sentences of the treebank. Contrary to most similar projects, the annotation was performed directly on top of syntactic trees (from the previous project of the Prague Dependency Treebank 2.5), benefiting thus from the linguistic information already existing on the same data. In this article, we present our theoretical background, describe the annotations in detail, and offer evaluation numbers and corpus statistics.
Analysis of dsDNA and RNA viromes in methanogenic digesters reveals novel viral genetic diversity

Summary Although viruses are not the key players of the anaerobic digestion process, they may affect the dynamics of bacterial and archaeal populations involved in biogas production. Until now viruses have received very little attention in this specific habitat; therefore, as a first step towards their characterization, we optimized a virus filtration protocol from anaerobic sludge. Afterwards, to assess dsDNA and RNA viral diversity in sludge samples from nine different reactors fed either with waste water, agricultural residues or solid municipal waste plus agro‐food residues, we performed metagenomic analyses. As a result we showed that, while the dsDNA viromes (21 assigned families in total) were dominated by dsDNA phages of the order C audovirales, RNA viruses (14 assigned families in total) were less diverse and were for the main part plant‐infecting viruses. Interestingly, less than 2% of annotated contigs were assigned as putative human and animal pathogens. Our study greatly extends the existing view of viral genetic diversity in methanogenic reactors and shows that these viral assemblages are distinct not only among the reactor types but also from nearly 30 other environments already studied, including the human gut, fermented food, deep sea sediments and other aquatic habitats.
Does coping style predict optimization? An experimental test in a wild passerine bird

A number of studies have suggested that avian brood size is individually optimized. Yet, optimal reproductive decisions likely vary owing to among-individual differences in environmental sensitivity. Specifically, ‘proactive’ individuals who do not track environmental changes may be less able to produce optimal brood sizes than ‘reactive’ individuals who have more precise local environmental knowledge. To test this, we quantified exploratory behaviour (a proxy for proactivity) in a great tit (Parus major) population, manipulated brood sizes (reduced, control, enlarged) and evaluated whether individuals of dissimilar coping style differed in their level of optimization. If reactive females behaved optimally, any deviation from their original brood size should lower fitness, whereas this should not be the case for proactive females. Reactive females indeed performed best at their natural brood size, whereas proactive females performed best when raising an enlarged brood. These findings imply that proactive females produced sub-optimal brood sizes. We speculate that proactive females might (i) take decisions based on biased perception of their environment, (ii) face energetic constraints in offspring production and/or (iii) be more willing to invest into current reproduction when given the option. Our findings provide experimental evidence for coping style-related differences in optimal reproductive decisions and life-history strategies.
Emotion Socialization in Cross-Cultural Perspective

Emotion socialization aims to promote children’s emotion competence. Children’s competence is embedded in cultural contexts that influence caregivers’ expectations of appropriateness of children’s expression and experience of emotions. Two aspects of emotion competence – individualistic and relational emotion competence – are outlined. They offer a theoretical framework to interpret cultural commonalities and differences in emotion socialization strategies. This review summarizes current knowledge about caregivers’ emotion socialization strategies toward children’s negative emotional expressions and related behaviors in cultural perspective. The number of empirical studies in cultures outside of United States remains low. Nonetheless, the available evidence describes a range of emotion socialization strategies that are embedded in caregiving, and their consequences for children’s emotion development. Besides several commonalities across cultures, we describe differences in the degree to which strategies are endorsed by caregivers as well as some of the qualitative information that point to cultural variations. Finally, we note gaps in the literature and suggest future research directions.