Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synaptic Stimulation of mTOR Is Mediated by Wnt Signaling and Regulation of Glycogen Synthetase Kinase-3

The persistent or “late” phase of long-term potentiation (L-LTP), which requires protein synthesis, can be induced by relatively intense synaptic activity. The ability of such strong synaptic protocols to engage the translational machinery and produce plasticity-related proteins, while weaker protocols activate only posttranslational processes and transient potentiation (early LTP; E-LTP), is not understood. Among the major translation control pathways in neurons, the stimulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key event in the induction of L-LTP. We report that mTOR is tonically suppressed in rat hippocampus under resting conditions, a consequence of the basal activity of glycogen synthetase kinase 3 (GSK3). This suppression could be overcome by weak synaptic stimulation in the presence of the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol, a combination that induced L-LTP, and activation of mTOR coincided with the Akt-mediated phosphorylation of GSK3. Surprisingly, while isoproterenol alone elevated Akt activity, it failed to increase GSK3 phosphorylation or mTOR signaling, showing that Akt was uncoupled from these effectors in the absence of synaptic stimulation. With the addition of weak stimulation, Akt signaled to GSK3 and mTOR, a gating effect that was mediated by voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and the Wnt pathway. mTOR could be stimulated by pharmacological inhibition, enabling weak HFS to induce L-LTP. These results establish GSK3 as an integrator of Akt and Wnt signals and suggest that overcoming GSK3-mediated suppression of mTOR is a key event in the induction of L-LTP by synaptic activity.
Modeling dialogue with mixed initiative in design space exploration

Exploration with a generative formalism must necessarily account for the nature of interaction between humans and the design space explorer. Established accounts of design interaction are made complicated by two propositions in Woodbury and Burrow's Keynote on design space exploration. First, the emphasis on the primacy of the design space as an ordered collection of partial designs (version, alternatives, extensions). Few studies exist in the design interaction literature on working with multiple threads simultaneously. Second, the need to situate, aid, and amplify human design intentions using computational tools. Although specific research and practice tools on amplification (sketching, generation, variation) have had success, there is a lack of generic, flexible, interoperable, and extensible representation to support amplification. This paper addresses the above, working with design threads and computer-assisted design amplification through a theoretical model of dialogue based on Grice's model of rational conversation. Using the concept of mixed initiative, the paper presents a visual notation for representing dialogue between designer and design space formalism through abstract examples of exploration tasks and dialogue integration.
Review on enhanced data rate receiver design using efficient modulation techniques for underwater acoustic communication

Underwater acoustic (UWA) transmission schemes are an interesting area of communication research, in which achieving high data rate, low latency and high throughput is challenging task. In this paper, we trying to provide a survey on various efficient techniques which that includes channel estimation, channel equalization and efficient modulation schemes to achieve high data rate in the receiver using OFDM scheme for underwater acoustic communication. We are focusing for designing a block-by-block iterative receiver for underwater MIMO-OFDM that includes channel estimation with highly efficient modulation techniques for underwater acoustic communication. Also we found some efficient modulation techniques like BPSK, DPSK and 16-QAM for underwater channel communication which are best in achieving high data rate by considering more subcarriers.
On Modeling Household Labor Supply with Taxation

Discrete-choice models provide a simple way of representing utility-maximizing labor supply decisions in the presence of highly nonlinear and possibly non-convex budget constraints. Thus, it is not surprising that they are so extensively used for ex-ante evaluation of tax-benefit reforms. The question asked in this paper is whether it is possible and desirable to get still more flexibility by relaxing some of the usual constraints imposed on household preferences and rationality. We first suggest a model which attains flexibility by making parameters vary freely across hours choices. By embedding the traditional structural approach in this specification, it is shown that the restrictions on underlying well-behaved leisure-consumption preferences are rejected. More fundamentally still, the standard approach, i.e., the assumption of unitary households optimizing statically, is strongly rejected when tested against a general model with price- and income-dependent preferences. In a static environment, the result boils down to a rejection of the unitary model. Interestingly, restrictions from both structural and standard models also imply important discrepancies in estimated elasticities and simulated predictions of responses to a tax reform. In particular, large differences appear between standard models and the general model which possibly encompasses several interpretations including dynamic aspects and intrahousehold negotiation. These findings illustrate the difficulty to conduct policy analysis in a way which reconciles the best explanatory power and a framework consistent with economic theory. The general model we suggest may provide future research with an interesting setting to test some of the dimensions of household behavior.
A RBF Neural Network applied to predict soil Field Capacity and Permanent Wilting Point at Brazilian coast

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the performance of pedotransfer functions generated by Radial Base Function (RBF) Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to estimate soil water retention at field capacity (FC, suction at -30 kPa) and Permanent Wilting Point (PWP, -1500 kPa) for soils at PROJIR area -RJ/BR. The raw data used was type of soil horizon, texture, bulk density, soil organic carbon content and porosity. These data were taken from RURALDATA database, composed of 218 soil profiles. The RBF ANN was trained through the Radial Basis Learning algorithm. The ANN generated to predict FC and PWP for PROJIR present better performance than the other approaches presented in the related works. The performance of ANN to predict PWP was higher than to FC. Neural network models present similar performance to the previously developed regression-type and, in general, the addition of porosity, bulk density data and horizon type, did not improve the performance of ANN.
Adolescent, but Not Adult, Binge Ethanol Exposure Leads to Persistent Global Reductions of Choline Acetyltransferase Expressing Neurons in Brain

During the adolescent transition from childhood to adulthood, notable maturational changes occur in brain neurotransmitter systems. The cholinergic system is composed of several distinct nuclei that exert neuromodulatory control over cognition, arousal, and reward. Binge drinking and alcohol abuse are common during this stage, which might alter the developmental trajectory of this system leading to long-term changes in adult neurobiology. In Experiment 1, adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE; 5.0 g/kg, i.g., 2-day on/2-day off from postnatal day [P] 25 to P55) treatment led to persistent, global reductions of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) expression. Administration of the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist lipopolysaccharide to young adult rats (P70) produced a reduction in ChAT+IR that mimicked AIE. To determine if the binge ethanol-induced ChAT decline was unique to the adolescent, Experiment 2 examined ChAT+IR in the basal forebrain following adolescent (P28–P48) and adult (P70–P90) binge ethanol exposure. Twenty-five days later, ChAT expression was reduced in adolescent, but not adult, binge ethanol-exposed animals. In Experiment 3, expression of ChAT and vesicular acetylcholine transporter expression was found to be significantly reduced in the alcoholic basal forebrain relative to moderate drinking controls. Together, these data suggest that adolescent binge ethanol decreases adult ChAT expression, possibly through neuroimmune mechanisms, which might impact adult cognition, arousal, or reward sensitivity.
Study and Analysis of Reliable MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) become more and more important in emerging new applications as message delivery timeliness is highly concerned. However, supporting reliability, real-time and Quality of Service in sensor networks have faced many challenges due to their wireless nature, limited resource, dynamic network topology, and the demand of distributed architecture.Reliable data delivery in real time (latency aware) and Energy efficiency are the two most important parameters for designing protocol. Hence, reliable data delivery in real time is required to ensure that a packet reaches its desired destination in actual time and energysaving mechanisms are required for battery constrained sensor networks.The aim of the paper is to study the latency aware and energy efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocolsfor wireless sensor network andto motivate the researcher, while showing the future aspects in the area of Wireless Sensor Networks. Keywords-Real-time, Wireless Sensor Networks, Medium Access Control and Energy Efficiency.
Decline of coral reefs during late Paleocene to early Eocene global warming

Since the 1980s the frequency of warming events has intensified and simultaneously widespread coral bleach- ing, and enhanced coral mortality have been observed. Yet, it remains unpredictable how tropical coral reef communi- ties will react to prolonged adverse conditions. Possibly, coral reef systems are sufficiently robust to withstand con- tinued environmental pressures. But if coral mortality in- creases, what will platform communities of the future look like? The co-evolution of early Paleogene carbonate plat- forms and palaeoclimate may provide insight. Here we doc- ument the impact of early Paleogene global warming on shallow-water carbonate platforms in the Tethys. Between 59 and 55 Ma, three discrete stages in platform development can be identified Tethys-wide: during the first stage carbon- ate platforms mainly consisted of coralgal reefs; during the second - transitional - stage coralgal reefs thrived only at middle latitudes and gave way to larger foraminifera as dom- inant carbonate producer in low latitudes; finally, during the third stage, newly developing larger foraminifera lineages completely took over the role as main carbonate-producing organisms in low to middle latitudes. We postulate that ris- ing temperatures led to a stepwise demise of Paleocene coral reefs, giving way to an unprecedented expansion of larger foraminifera, dominating Tethyan platforms during the early Eocene.
GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE OF SPHERICALLY SYMMETRIC PERFECT FLUID WITH KINEMATIC SELF-SIMILARITY

Analytic spherically symmetric solutions of the Einstein field equations coupled with a perfect fluid and with self-similarities of the zeroth, first and second kinds, found recently by Benoit and Coley [Class. Quantum Grav.15, 2397 (1998)], are studied, and found that some of them represent gravitational collapse. When the solutions have self-similarity of the first (homothetic) kind, some of the solutions may represent critical collapse but in the sense that now the "critical" solution separates the collapse that forms black holes from the collapse that forms naked singularities. The formation of such black holes always starts with a mass gap, although the "critical" solution has homothetic self-similarity. The solutions with self-similarity of the zeroth and second kinds seem irrelevant to critical collapse. Yet, it is also found that the de Sitter solution is a particular case of the solutions with self-similarity of the zeroth kind, and that the Schwarzschild solution is a particular case of the solutions with self-similarity of the second kind with the index α=3/2.
Price Competitiveness in Central and Eastern Europe - a case study for transition economies

Newly industrialized countries and transition economies are often perceived as a threat to Western countries in public discussion, and concerns about economic 'competitiveness' arise. The present paper focuses on the specific macro-economic term 'price competitiveness'. It analyzes the underlying assumptions of the term, explains how the 'price competitiveness' indicator is composed, and what the restrictions are when applying it to transition economies. When calculating the 'price competitiveness' indicator for Central and Eastern European New Member States of the European Union in the last decade, all ten countries show values that are conventionally understood as a steady 'loss in price competitiveness'. Still, this has not led to lower export growth in the last decade in these countries. Instead, all ten assessed countries show above-average growth in Exports, in Manufacturing goods, and in Gross Domestic Product, compared to the rest of the world. The 'price competitiveness' indicator fails, due to inherent assumptions and technical implications, to explain the Export development in economies that are fastgrowing and going through a process of industrialization - so called 'catch-up economie' - what has been the case in the Central and Eastern European countries in the last decade. The 'price competitiveness' indicator should thus not be applied irrespectively of a country's economic situation.
Ideal Standards and Attitude Formation: A Tourism Destination Perspective

This study investigates the way attributes of an individual's ideal destination influence attitudes towards a holiday destination. Traditionally, ideals are used as comparison standards or to weight perception measures, but literature from outside the tourism and business management domains suggest new possibilities exist. A conceptual model was developed and empirically tested using path analysis, and the results indicate that ideal attributes directly influence perceptions of a holiday destination and indirectly influence attitude components of emotion and conation. The implications of the findings are discussed from both a practical and theoretical perspective and raise a number of interesting future research possibilities.
Optimal Exchange-Rate Targeting with Large Labor Unions

We study whether monetary policy should target the exchange rate in a two-country model with non-atomistic wage setters, non-traded goods and different degrees of exchange-rate pass through. Commitment to an exchange rate target reduces the labor market distortion. Large labor unions anticipate that higher wages depreciate the exchange rate, which triggers an increase in the interest rate and restrain wage demands. However, reduced exchange rate flexibility worsens the distortion stemming from preset pricing. Targeting the nominal exchange rate will be optimal when the labor market distortion is larger than the preset-pricing one. This result arises with cooperation both under producer and local currency pricing, even though the optimal degree of exchange-rate targeting is higher under local currency pricing. In the Nash equilibrium, the terms-of-trade effect raises optimal wage mark-ups thereby reducing the optimal weight on the exchange rate target. The terms-of-trade effect is stronger as openness and substitutability among Home and Foreign goods increase.
Means-Tested Transfer Programs in the United States

Few United States government programs are as controversial as those designed to aid the poor. From tax credits to medical assistance, aid to needy families is surrounded by debate—on what benefits should be offered, what forms they should take, and how they should be administered. The past few decades, in fact, have seen this debate lead to broad transformations of aid programs themselves, with Aid to Families with Dependent Children replaced by Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, the Earned Income Tax Credit growing from a minor program to one of the most important for low-income families, and Medicaid greatly expanding its eligibility. This volume provides a remarkable overview of how such programs actually work, offering an impressive wealth of information on the nation's nine largest "means-tested" programs—that is, those in which some test of income forms the basis for participation. For each program, contributors describe origins and goals, summarize policy histories and current rules, and discuss the recipient's characteristics as well as the different types of benefits they receive. Each chapter then provides an overview of scholarly research on each program, bringing together the results of the field's most rigorous statistical examinations. The result is a fascinating portrayal of the evolution and current state of means-tested programs, one that charts a number of shifts in emphasis—the decline of cash assistance, for instance, and the increasing emphasis on work. This exemplary portrait of the nation's safety net will be an invaluable reference for anyone interested in American social policy.
Weight Self-Learning Based Combination Forecasting of Product Diffusion

This paper deals with a weight self-learning approach to combination forecasting for the product diffusion process. Today, technology develops so fast that development cycles frequently exceed the market life of new products. The forecasting of product diffusion should be adaptive to different stages of diffusion process. The different product diffusion models are combined to form a model base, which can be expanded and amended by the combination of different models for the demand of forecasting product diffusion behavior in the different stages. The product diffusion model base is denoted as weight matrix, on the basis of which a self-learning algorithm for the product diffusion behavior forecasting is advanced. The convergence of the algorithm is analyzed. With the algorithm, the weight matrix is amended by combined forecasting and self-learning method, and the progressive forecasting of the product diffusion behavior is realized. An example is given to testify the validity. The results show that the self-learning algorithm is of both long-term and short-term accuracy.
A novel friction model for stick-slip driving

As more and more high requirements for positioning accuracy in many scientific fields, stick-slip actuator with long-range and high resolution has drawn wide attention. The performance of the stick-slip actuator is mainly affected by two reasons: the accuracy of the friction model and the accuracy of the actuator kinetic model. Considering about the opinions above, this paper presents a new friction model which is used to depict the friction of the stick-slip actuator. There are only 7 parameters in LS model, which captures some important properties of the friction phenomena such as the Stribeck effect, the hysteresis of the friction, rate independent property and nonlocal memory property. With the new friction model, a kinetic model of the stick-slip actuator is established, and its performance is obtained by simulation. The results of the simulation indicate that the kinetic model can accurately depict the actuator's performance, and the LS model with typical friction properties has a widely implementation in friction calculation.
Analysis of a DG – XFEM Discretization for a Class of Two – Phase Mass Transport Problems

We consider a standard model for mass transport across an evolving interface. The solution has to satisfy a jump condition across an evolving interface. We present and analyze a finite element discretization method for this mass transport problem. This method is based on a space-time approach in which a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) technique is combined with an extended finite element method (XFEM). The jump condition is satisfied in a weak sense by using the Nitsche method. This Nitsche DG-XFEM method is new. An error analysis is presented which results in optimal discretization error bounds. Results of numerical experiments are given which illustrate the accuracy of the method. AMS subject classification. 65N12, 65N30
Properties of the Convection Scheme in NCEP's Eta Model that Affect Forecast Sounding Interpretation

The impact of parameterized convection on Eta Model forecast soundings is examined. The Betts-Miller- Janjicparameterization used in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Eta Model introduces char- acteristic profiles of temperature and moisture in model soundings. These specified profiles can provide misleading representations of various vertical structures and can strongly affect model predictions of parameters that are used to forecast deep convection, such as convective available potential energy and convective inhibition. The specific procedures and tendencies of this parameterization are discussed, and guidelines for interpreting Eta Model soundings are presented.
SQUAD: Software Quality Understanding through the Analysis of Design

Object-oriented software quality models usually use metrics of classes and of relationships among classes to assess the quality of systems. However, software quality does not depend on classes solely: it also depends on the organization of classes, i.e., their design. Our thesis is that it is possible to understand how the design of systems affects their quality and to build quality models that take into account various design styles, in particular design patterns, antipatterns, and code smells. To demonstrate our thesis, we first analyze how playing roles in design patterns, antipatterns, and code smells impacts quality; specifically change-proneness, fault-proneness, and maintenance costs. Second, we build quality models and apply and validate them on open-source and industrial object-oriented systems to show that they allow a more precise evaluation of the quality than traditional models,like Bansiya et al.'s QMOOD.
Information security professional perceptions of knowledge-sharing intention in virtual communities under social cognitive theory

Knowledge sharing is an important component of knowledge management systems. Security knowledge sharing substantially reduces risk and investment in information security. Despite the importance of information security, little research based on knowledge sharing has focused on the security profession. Therefore, this study analyses key factors, containing attitude, self-efficacy, personal outcome expectation, and facilitating condition, in respect of the information security workers intention to share knowledge. Information security professionals in virtual communities, including the Information Security Professional Association (ISPA), Information Systems Security Association (ISSA), Society of Information Risk Analysts (SIRA), and LinkedIn security groups, were surveyed to test the proposed research model. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the structural equation modelling (SEM) technique were used to analyse the data and evaluate the research model. The results showed that the research model fit the data well and the structural model suggests a strong relationship between attitude and knowledge sharing intention. Hypotheses regarding the influence of self-efficacy and personal outcome expectation, to knowledge sharing attitude were upheld. Facilitating condition showed significant influences on moderating between attitude and intention.