Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ebeveyn Tutumları İle Yetişkin Ayrılık Kaygısı Arasındaki İlişkinin Relationships Between Parenting Attitudes and Adult Separation Anxiety

This quantitative study examined the relationships between four types of parenting attitudes and adult separation anxiety among 493 parents of children attending preschool. Independent-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation revealed that parental educational levels were related to significant differences among all four parenting attitudes. The female respondents’ mean scores on the ASA [Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire] were higher than those of the male respondents. Significant differences in the parents’ ASA scores were related to their ages, educational levels, house types and monthly incomes. There was also a negative relationship between separation anxiety and the authoritative parenting attitude, and a positive relationship between separation anxiety and the other three attitudes studied.
Pedological concepts to be considered in soil chronosequence studies

Soil chronosequence data may easily be interpreted in a too straightforward and simple a way if some relevant theoretical background is not kept in mind. This paper discusses pedological concepts that are considered relevant for soil chronosequence studies and may provide some guidance for establishing soil chronosequences and interpreting obtained data. Concepts related to the soil system, soil body, and soil-forming factors are introduced, and advantages and disadvantages of different types of soil chronosequences are pointed out. The question of whether soil formation reaches steady-state is raised, leading to the conclusion that some soil properties achieve steady-state whereas others do not, and that soil formation as a whole may only rarely reach a kind of near steady-state. The influence of climate and relief, and associated three-dimensional water and material fluxes in landscapes, are addressed, and concepts related to pedogenic processes, soil properties, and energy and matter transfers as drivers of soil formation are discussed. Feedback systems and thresholds in soil development are highlighted, the concept of progressive vs regressive pedogenesis is introduced, and potential shortcomings of soil chronosequence studies are addressed. Implications of each of the mentioned concepts for soil chronosequence studies are pointed out.
MODESTR: Una herramienta informática para el estudio de los ecosistemas acuáticos de Colombia

El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar las utilidades del programa informático ModestR, en estudios sobre distribución de especies en ecosistemas marinos y de agua dulce de Colombia. Este programa se encuentra disponible en la Web de manera gratuita: . Para enseñar y probar el funcionamiento de ModestR se trabajó con los datos disponibles en el Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, 2012) de los órdenes Characiformes y Siluriformes, como ejemplo de especies de peces dulciacuícolas, y del orden Carcharhiniformes de especies marinas. ModestR incluye en su fase inicial, dos aplicaciones: DataManager y MapMaker. La aplicación DataManager está diseñada para realizar manejo integrado de información taxonómica y mapas de distribución de cualquier grupo de especies. La aplicación MapMaker permite generar mapas de distribución de especies de cuatro formas diferentes: 1) importando un archivo CSV con el nombre de las especies y las coordenadas geográficas, 2) importando los datos automáticamente del GBIF, 3) importando las coordenadas geográficas generadas de modelos de distribución y 4) realizando mapas expertos, lo cual consiste en seleccionar las áreas de distribución, de acuerdo a los tipos de hábitats en que ocurre la o las especies en estudio. La posibilidad de trabajar con hábitats es una de las contribuciones más importantes de ModestR y, en particular, la de que los hábitats lóticos pequeños (quebradas, arroyos, etc.), los lóticos grandes (ríos) y los lenticos (lagunas, lagos, embalses, ciénagas, etc.) están cartografiados con muy alta resolución. Además, también se diferencian los ecosistemas marino y terrestre. A pesar de que este estudio se enfocó en especies de ecosistemas acuáticos, ModestR permite también realizar el mismo tipo de ejercicios con especies terrestres.
Plio-Pleistocene raised channel systems of the western Sharqiya (Wahiba), Oman

Summary Extensive alluvial fans bounding the western edge of the Sharqiya (or Wahiba) Sands are characterized by complex palaeochannel systems now forming a series of superimposed gravel ridges. The oldest, most extensive fan system is crossed by numerous sinuous, superimposed palaeochannel courses comprising highly weathered, chert-rich gravels cemented by clear crystalline calcite. Many of these old fan sediments have been chemically altered to depths of over 200 m to form a pink dolomitic clayey deposit here termed barzamanite. The formation of this calcrete-like deposit was probably associated with rising water tables during long-term fan growth. The younger, more limited fan deposit, by contrast, comprises thin, coarse-grained, broad spreads and terrace veneers of weakly cemented ophiolitic gravels. The fans have been subject to entrenchment and deflation, resulting in extensive land-surface lowering and the exhumation of buried palaeochannels. Although no dates are yet available, the older channel systems are likely to date from more humid phases during the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene, whereas the younger, terraced deposits, and the period of subsequent channel exhumation, may date from semi-arid periods of lower sea level during the Pleistocene.
Deflection of plumes by mantle shear flow: experimental results and a simple theory

SUMMARY Linear hotspot tracks indicate relative motion between some hotspot sources and the overlying lithosphere. In order to better understand the effects of plate motions and mantle convection on mantle plumes and associated hotspots, we consider the path of a continuous plume of buoyant material in a shear flow. Laboratory experiments show that steady plumes bent over by a linear velocity profile follow parabolic trajectories. Plume trajectories are also shown to evolve quadratically in time toward a new steady shape after a change in the ambient flow. A remarkably simple description of plume dynamics provides good agreement with the experimental data: the plume trajectory is determined by the combination of horizontal advection by mantle flow and vertical rise according to a modified Stokes law. These results are applied to some idealised examples which demonstrate effects of depth-dependent mantle viscosity and return flow. At least some mantle plumes are likely to be sufficiently robust that they remain close to vertical and, therefore, stable.
Traceable radiation thermometer calibration to ITS-90 above the silver point at the National Physical Laboratory

Le National Physical Laboratory est accredite par le United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS) pour fournir ITS-90 etalonnage de la temperature des thermometres a radiation avec une meilleure mesure la capacite incertitude de 0,05% (k = 2) de la temperature de 1000 ° C a 3000 ° C. Pour etre en mesure de fournir ce niveau d’incertitude comme un service de routine necessite tres faibles incertitudes dans l’equipement utilise pour realiser et diffuser l’echelle. Tous les certificats delivres pour l’etalonnage de la temperature sont fait en termes de l’ITS-90, mais cela peut etre realise de deux manieres tres differentes sur le plan conceptuel. Tout d’abord, par comparaison avec un thermometre a rayonnement standard qui a lui-meme ete etalonne directement conformement a l’ITS-90 definition, et a mediation par l’utilisation d’un corps noir a temperature variable; ou, d’autre part, par la mesure de sources a haute temperature fixe le point de corps noirs qui ont a priori affectee ITS-90 temperatures. Ce document decrit l’equipement et les procedes utilises au NPL pour etalonner les pyrometres a ITS-90 ci-dessus le point d’argent avec les incertitudes les plus bas de ces deux routes.
Polysaccharide drug delivery systems based on pectin and chitosan

Abstract Chitosans and pectins are natural polysaccharides which show great potential in drug delivery systems. Chitosans are a family of strongly polycationic derivatives of poly-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. This positive charge is very important in chitosan drug delivery systems as it plays a very important role in mucoadhesion (adhesion to the mucosal surface). Other chitosan based drug delivery systems involve complexation with ligands to form chitosan nanoparticles with can be used to encapsulate active compounds. Pectins are made of several structural elements the most important of which are the homogalacturonan (HG) and type I rhamnogalacturonan (RG-I) regions often described in simplified terms as the “smooth” and “hairy” regions respectively. Pectin HG regions consist of poly-glacturonic acid residues which can be partially methyl esterified. Pectins with a degree of methyl esterification (DM) > 50% are known as high methoxyl (HM) pectins and consequently low methoxyl (LM) pectins have a DM < 50%. Low methoxyl pectins are of particular interest in drug delivery as they can form gels with calcium ion (Ca2 +) which has potential applications especially in nasal formulations.
Investigation of Boundary Layer Ingestion for Civil Transport Aircraft Engine Installation

This paper provides an overview of scientific activities performed at ONERA on Boundary Layer Ingestion (BLI) for civil transport aircraft. Four scientific challenges are treated: quantification of aircraft aerodynamic performance with BLI engine installation, prediction of engine fan surge with BLI flow distortion, prediction of flow distortion in an engine intake, prediction of aeroelastic behaviour of engine fan submitted to flow distortion. These activities include numerical and experimental work, with RANS, URANS CFD and aeroelastic computations as well as tests in research and industrial facilities. Some experimental databases are already delivered and compared to computations and preliminary conclusions are presented.
Large equatorial seasonal cycle during Marinoan snowball Earth

Seasonal cycle near the equator can be >30°C during a snowball Earth when the eccentricity of the Earth orbit is at its maximum. In the equatorial regions on Earth today, the seasonal cycle of the monthly mean surface air temperature is <10°C. However, deep (>1 m) sand wedges were found near the paleoequator in the Marinoan glaciogenic deposits at ~635 million years ago, indicating a large seasonal cycle (probably >30°C). Through numerical simulations, we show that the equatorial seasonal cycle could reach >30°C at various continental locations if the oceans are completely frozen over, as would have been the case for a snowball Earth, or could reach ~20°C if the oceans are not completely frozen over, as would have been the case for a waterbelt Earth. These values are obtained at the maximum eccentricity of the Earth orbit, i.e., 0.0679, and will be approximately 10°C smaller if the present-day eccentricity is used. For these seasonal cycles, theoretical calculations show that the deep sand wedges form readily in a snowball Earth while hardly form in a waterbelt Earth.
Thermal remote sensing of Thom's discomfort index (DI): comparison with in-situ measurements

The bioclimatic index most commonly used in urban climate studies to describe the level of thermal sensation that a person experiences due to the modified climatic conditions of an urban area, is the discomfort index (DI) of Thom. DI reflects the proportionate contribution of air temperature (Ta) and relative humidity (RH) on the human thermal comfort. In this study, the discomfort index is estimated using thermal infrared data as acquired by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellite. For this purpose, a dataset of AVHRR-14 daytime images collected during the warm season from June to August 2000 covering the Greater Athens Area, in Greece, was used. Air temperature was related to a split-window estimate of land surface temperature (Ts), whereas relative humidity was assessed in terms of dew point temperature (Td) and of a split-window estimate of atmospheric precipitable water (PW). AVHRR-estimated DI values were compared with coincident DI values obtained from air temperature and relative humidity observations recorded at standard meteorological stations. Statistical analysis showed a good agreement (r2 = 0.79) between the AVHRR-estimated and the station-observed DI values, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.2oC and a bias of 0.9oC. Results demonstrate the potential of using AVHRR data for defining the spatial variation of the DI index at a higher resolution (1.1 km) than is feasible from meteorological stations.
Phanerozoic Diversity Patterns: Tests for Randomness

Patterns of origination within taxa, and patterns of dominance diversity among taxa are examined to distinguish nonrandom from random components. Numbers of first appearances per stage are sporadic and tend to be distributed nonrandomly through time. However, many taxa show a randomly distributed order of stages containing first appearances. A stochastic model of origination only partially reflects the patterns seen in the fossil record. Levels of dominance diversity among many taxa vary synchronously and at the same rates. The Phanerozoic is characterized by a succession of groups of taxa. Such associations are not predicted by a random model of diversity change. The fossil record is examined for evidence of an evolutionary equilibrium with constant taxonomic turnover. Fossil extinction and origination rates do not support the assumption of a static evolutionary equilibrium. Taxonomic and morphological evidence is consistent with a model of progressive specialization through the Phanerozoic.
The Art of Building Living Tissues: Exploring the Frontiers of Biofabrication with 3D Bioprinting

The scope of three-dimensional printing is expanding rapidly, with innovative approaches resulting in the evolution of state-of-the-art 3D bioprinting (3DbioP) techniques for solving issues in bioengineering and biopharmaceutical research. The methods and tools in 3DbioP emphasize the extrusion process, bioink formulation, and stability of the bioprinted scaffold. Thus, 3DbioP technology augments 3DP in the biological world by providing technical support to regenerative therapy, drug delivery, bioengineering of prosthetics, and drug kinetics research. Besides the above, drug delivery and dosage control have been achieved using 3D bioprinted microcarriers and capsules. Developing a stable, biocompatible, and versatile bioink is a primary requisite in biofabrication. The 3DbioP research is breaking the technical barriers at a breakneck speed. Numerous techniques and biomaterial advancements have helped to overcome current 3DbioP issues related to printability, stability, and bioink formulation. Therefore, this Review aims to provide an insight into the technical challenges of bioprinting, novel biomaterials for bioink formulation, and recently developed 3D bioprinting methods driving future applications in biofabrication research.
CInDeR: Collision and Interference Detection in Real-time using graphics hardware

Collision detection is a vital task in almost all forms of computer animation and physical simulation. It is also one of the most computationally expensive, and therefore a frequent impediment to efficient implementation of real-time graphics applications. We describe how graphics hardware can be used as a geometric co-processor to carry out the bulk of the computation involved with collision detection. Hardware frame buffer operations are used to implement a ray-casting algorithm which detects static interference between solid polyhedral objects. The algorithm is linear in both the number of objects and number of polygons in the models. It also requires no preprocessing or special data structures.
Anger, Fear, and the Racialization of News Media Coverage of Protest Activity

Abstract Black Lives Matter, Occupy Wall Street, and the Tea Party are among the many movements that have reignited media attention to protest activity. Yet, there is much to learn about what this media coverage conveys. In particular, how much does who is protesting matter for how the media portray protesters and their objectives? In this paper, we draw on an extensive content analysis of cable and broadcast news media coverage of protest activities to demonstrate substantial differences in how protests are covered depending on the race and objective of the protesters. We find that media are much more likely to depict protests by people of color using language that evokes a sense of threat by using anger- and fear-laden language than comparable coverage of protest activity involving mostly White individuals. Our results demonstrate that racial biases in news coverage are much broader than previously thought. In doing so, our work highlights the powerful role that a protester’s race plays in whether the media will condone or challenge their political voice.
A Mixed-Signal Integrator-Differentiator-TIA

Various implementations of transimpedance amplifiers (TIAs) are used for current sensing applications and they allow for low noise and wide bandwidth (BW). The process of digitization is usually not implicitly discussed. Though, BW limitation, sampling and quantization obviously add additional circuit complexity and have a strong influence on the minimum achievable spot-noise in low noise TIAs. We introduce a mixed-signal topology for the integrator-differentiator TIA (I-D-TIA), which introduces the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) before differentiation, thereby avoiding the implementation of the usually wideband and power-dominating analog differentiator. The proposed topologies are compared by circuit-level simulations.
The effects of managed ruminants grazing on the global carbon cycle and greenhouse gas forcing

Carbon is central to our existence. It plays a fundamental role in the carbon cycle. Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) have been increasing for about two centuries as a result of human activities. The need to understand how carbon cycles through the Earth-system is important for a variety of reasons, but mainly in order to assess the effects of these rising greenhouse gas concentrations and to project future concentrations and effects. The world population of larger domestic grazing animals (i.e. cattle, goats and sheep) totaled around 2 billion in 1996, and has steadily increase since the 1970s by about 30%. Due in part to their large numbers the worlds grazing animals are thought to have an affect on the global carbon cycle. Many models exist that produce estimates of the carbon cycle and its interaction with future climate change. One well-documented and reviewed model is termed the LPJDGVM ecosystem model. However it does not in its current state account for domestic grazing animals. Therefore the focus of this thesis will be an attempt to develop a method for incorporating the effects of grazing animals into the LPJ-DGVM model. Further the method will be used to test the thesis statement “grazing herbivores exhibit a measurable impact on the carbon cycle and merits inclusion in carbon cycle models”. Results suggest that, indeed, the worlds grazing animals can have an effect on the global carbon cycle and merit inclusion in carbon cycle models. Results for global NPP fluxes show lower productivity over the studied period of about 5%, which follows the same trend as other studies. Results for global NEE fluxes are surprising and suggest the biosphere is acting as a 50% stronger sink when grazing is taken into account. At present no satisfactory explanation for the somewhat contradictory NEE results has been found. Although a unverified theory suggests a conceptual flaw in the LPJ-DVGM models treatment of grassland fires. Nonetheless contradictory results are common in this line of research, especially in the early stages, and a conclusive search for the mistake can take months before it yields a valid result.
Lakeshore Property Values: A Guide to Public Investment in Recreation

A study of lakeshore property values in which land and improvement values were regressed against attributes of the site and lake to determine the importance of the various characteristics in predicting property values indicates that swampy or steeply sloped banks are negatively correlated with value, whereas water quality, proximity to population centers, and the presence of many other lakes in the area are positively related to value. No significant relationships were discovered between land values and the amount of public land in the vicinity or the degree of fluctuation in the lake level. Property values approximately doubled in the ten-year period of the study. By suggesting characteristics that seem to be in greater demand, the study provides information to guide some of the decisions about where to spend the limited public budget for waterfront recreational facilities.
Feasibility Study of Liquid-Waste Injection into Aquifers Containing Salt Water, Wilmington, North Carolina: ABSTRACT

An experimental system to inject liquid industrial waste into deeper sedimentary aquifers containing salt water was installed by Hercules, Inc., at Wilmington, North Carolina, in the spring of 1968, under a permit issued by the State Board of Water and Air Resources. The initial experimental system consisted of 1 injection well and 3 observation wells completed between depths of 850 and 1,050 ft, and 1 observation well completed in the next higher aquifer at a depth of about 700 ft. The injection zone is an aquifer consisting of sand layers and some thin beds of limestone interbedded with silty sand and sandy silt. The aquifer has low permeability and productivity. The water in the aquifer is salty, with a natural artesian head of about 65 ft above land surface. The system was placed in operation in May 1968, injecting the by-product from the manufacture of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT). The liquid, deaerated and filtered through 200-µ mesh screen, consisted of water containing acetic and formic acids with some methanol and having a pH of about 4. The maximum injection rate was about 200 gal/minute. The pressure in the injection and observation wells rose sharply during the first few months of operation. By September 1968, the waste had passed the observation wells which were only 150 ft from the injection well, making the system obsolete for observing the rate and direction of waste movement through the aquifer. By June 1969, the injection well had become plugged with sand, and a new system was designed. A new injection well and a part of the new observation-well system were completed and placed in operation in January 1971. One of the initial observation wells also was used for injection of part of the waste. Additional observation wells were added, and in 1972 the monitor system consisted of 6 wells completed in the injection zone at distances of 1,500-2,000 ft from the points of injection, 3 wells completed in the 700-ft zone, and 1 well completed in the 300-ft zone. The monitor system and data-collection program have provided much useful information on injection of this type of waste in relatively shallow sedimentary rocks. The long-term feasibility of such a system appears doubtful, as the aquifer does not appear to be sufficiently permeable to accept the waste at a continuing rate of 200 gpm. Considerable difficulty also has been encountered in maintaining the injection and observation wells. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1602------------