Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of single-tablet darunavir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide in the treatment of HIV-1

ABSTRACT Introduction: HIV eradication is not feasible and lifelong treatment is warranted to manage HIV infection. In this scenario, the advent of single-tablet, once-daily, fixed-dose co-formulations is important for reducing pill burden and maximize long-term drug adherence. Cobicistat-boosted darunavir along with emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide co-formulation (DRV/c/FTC/TAF or the trade name Symtuza®) is the first marketed protease inhibitor-based fixed-dose combination regimen for the treatment of HIV infection. It was approved in late 2017 by the European Medical Agency both for naïve patients and treatment-experienced patients with viral suppression. Areas covered: PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov and presentations at scientific meetings were searched with the terms ‘darunavir/cobicistat’ and ‘tenofovir alafenamide and emtricitabine’ for clinical trials either conducted to date or ongoing as well as a review of abstracts from major HIV/AIDS and infectious diseases conferences from 2015 to up to date. Expert opinion: DRV/c/FTC/TAF is a novel unique antiretroviral drug co-formulation that exhibits a convenient dosing, satisfactory safety profile, and high antiviral efficacy, even in patients harboring viruses with resistance to antivirals other than darunavir in the short-midterm. It represents the first fixed-dose combination therapy including a protease inhibitor given as one single pill once daily for drug-naïve patients and as second-line antiretroviral therapy.
The Partnership Paradox? Budget Support Effects on Anti-Corruption Organizations in Uganda

New modern aid was initiated during the latter half of the 1990s by most of the leading actors within the international donor community to make the whole aidprocedure more effective, more lucid and more on the receiving states’ conditions. Budget Support is a tool within this “partnership-aid” transformation where the distribution goes directly to the receiver state’s governmental budget and thus strengthens the institutions of the state. As the governmental institutions gain more power, other actors might gain less power than before. It is problematic if Civil Society gains less power because one prerequisite to obtain Budget Support is to have a well functioning Civil Society. So if Budget Support leads to a weaker Civil Society it undermines the initial prerequisites to obtain Budget Support in the first place. The core of this thesis is to see whether this possible paradox is a reality. The target for this thesis is Uganda, a country which has been a pioneer in implementing new aid initiatives by the donor community, with an elaborate Budget Support framework. The study focuses on effects from Budget Support on AntiCorruption Organizations (AC-CSOs) within Civil Society. To make the effects visual, the AC-CSOs’ relation to donors and the Government of Uganda (GoU) after the Budget Support implementation is investigated. Qualitative research interviews are made with 16 AC-CSOs. The findings show that most of the interviewed AC-CSOs are marginalized by the GoU after Budget Support implementation and almost half of them are marginalized by donors. Thus, Budget Support tends to be a part of the marginalization process for AC-CSOs. The direct distribution of funds to the GoU increases the government’s power and the process tends to lead to a position/object relation with AC-CSOs. Also, donors tend not to give AC-CSOs the support to stop this process. In addition, donors favour Watchdog Organizations over Service Delivery Organizations. As Civil Society tends to be weakened with Budget Support implementation, the structure of Budget Support could be considered as unsustainable in Uganda.
Zero-forcing hybrid precoding based on QR-decomposition in millimeter wave systems

Millimeter Wave system has attracted much attention because it provides more spectrum resource to offer considerable capacity improvement and supports massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) by its shorter wave length. In traditional precoding methods, the signal is processed digitally at baseband. However, the large number of RF chains cause high hardware cost and power consumption in mmWave systems. Hybrid precoding, which uses both analog processing in the RF domain and digital processing in the baseband, is an alternative to reduce the number of RF chains and control the cost. In this paper, transmit precoding in mmWave systems with hybrid architecture and large antenna arrays is considered. A zero-forcing hybrid precoding algorithm based on QR-decomposition for mmWave system is proposed. According to the matrices obtained based on the QR-decomposition of the ZF matrix, OMP is used to design analog processing matrix at RF domain and digital processing matrix at baseband. Numerical results are presented on the performance of spectral efficiency and show that the performance of the proposed hybrid method is close to that of the full digital ZF precoding algorithm with less RF chains used in mmWave systems.
Title Towards a better similarity measure for keyword profiling viaclustering

Automatic profiling for users and postings can help law enforcement units cluster and classify users and postings effectively so that potential problematic users and postings can be identified easily. A core problem in this application is to come up with effective profiles and a good measure to compare the similarity of two profiles. In this paper, we investigate an existing keyword-based user profiling scheme and identify its limitations. Then, we propose an improved version of it and demonstrate that our proposed version is more consistent than the existing approach with respect to the observed replied rates of a user to a posting based on the similarity of the profiles.
Influence of forest structure and composition on population density of the red slender loris Loris tardigradus tardigradus in Masmullah proposed forest reserve, Sri Lanka

Few studies address the influence of habitat disturbance on Sri Lanka's fauna, including the endemic red slender loris Loris tardigradus tardigradus. Masmullah Proposed Forest Reserve harbours one of few remaining red slender loris populations, and is considered a "biodiversity hotspot". Using plotless sampling, we sampled 387 trees to ascertain density, and to record traits influential to loris presence. The most common tree species was Humboldtia laurifolia, occurring at 676 trees/ha, with overall density at 1077 trees/ha. Twenty-seven families belonging to 40 species were recorded, of which 45% were endemic, 40% native, 7.5% introduced. Humboldtia laurifolia has a mutualistic relationship with ants, providing abundant food for lorises. Substrates available at 3.5 m (height preferred by lorises), were small (less than 5 cm2), the size preferred by lorises. Vines and branches provided continuous passage, and trees held a number of potential sleeping sites. The characteristics of the forest are ideal for lorises, but the abundance of this habitat as measured by basal area is small, typical of severe degradation associated with chronic human disturbance. Continued illegal deforestation will impact severely already fragmented loris populations.
Le suicide des médecins. Revue de la littérature

Le probleme de la mort du medecin, et tout particulierement de son suicide, reste souvent dans le domaine du secret. Si on ne retrouve pas de donnees epidemiologiques francaises fiables, il existe de nombreuses etudes etrangeres qui permettent d'objectiver l'importance du suicide en milieu medical. La majorite de ces etudes rapporte un taux de suicide plus eleve chez les medecins que dans la population generale. Nous proposons de faire une synthese des donnees sur le suicide des medecins en fonction : du sexe, du type d'exercice, de la tranche d'âge, des moyens de suicide employes et de l'association, dans certains cas, a des pathologies psychiatriques. Nous abordons ensuite la specificite de la personnalite du medecin et les risques de la profession medicale.
The Lopsided Dynamics of Competitive Elections

In this paper, we present the contours of a theoretical model which endeavours to capture some important current dynamics of regime change. The model suggests that, in the aggregate, structural factors constrain the presence of electoral competition increasingly less. We attribute this to two dynamical components, both of which are based on contemporary studies of regime change. First, the international dominance of the Western powers in the post-Cold War period means that most developing countries are affected by a persistent external pressure to democratize. Second, this factor is backed up by a particular process of social learning which has convinced conservative elites that electoral competition does not jeopardize their economic interests. However, we argue that these factors have only impacted certain structural variables, such as Modernization and Neighbor diffusion, but not for others, such as Islam and oil rents, thus creating an asymmetrical pattern. We examine these propositions about an asymmetrical pattern through a tentative empirical analysis, which tends to corroborate our expectations. On this basis, we lay out some implications for present dynamics of democratization.
Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Functional and Safety Outcomes after Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Objective: Endovascular treatment (EVT) is proven to be safe and effective for treating acute large vessel occlusion stroke (LVOS). The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) reflects systemic inflammation, which plays an important role in the process of treating ischemic stroke. This study aims to explore the relationship between NLR and the clinical outcomes of LVOS patients undergoing EVT. Methods: Patients were selected from the EVT for acUte Anterior circuLation (ACTUAL) ischemic stroke registry. The laboratory data (neutrophil count, lymphocyte count) before EVT were collected. Poor functional outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 3–6 at 3 months. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship of NLR with functional outcome, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and mortality. Results: We eventually included 616 patients (median of age, 66 years; 40.3% female). There were 350 (56.7%) patients achieving mRS of 3–6 at 3 months, 98 (15.9%) patients with sICH, and the mortality at 3 months was 24.8% (153/616). Baseline NLR was independently associated with poor functional outcome (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.02–2.45; p = 0.039) and sICH (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.09–3.11; p = 0.023) but showed a trend for predicting 3-month mortality (OR 1.57; 95% CI 0.94–2.65; p = 0.088). Conclusions: NLR independently predicts 3-month functional outcome and sICH but the existence of a trend association with mortality after EVT for acute anterior circulation LVOS patients.
Frail and pre-frail phenotype is associated with pain in older HIV-infected patients

Abstract As HIV-infected patients grow older, some accumulate multiple health problems earlier than the noninfected ones in particular frailty phenotypes. Patients with frailty phenotype are at higher risk of adverse outcomes (worsening mobility, disability, hospitalization, and death within three years). Our study aimed to evaluate prevalence of frailty in elderly HIV-infected patients and to assess whether frailty is associated with HIV and geriatric factors, comorbidities, and precariousness in a French cohort of older HIV infected. This 18-month cross-sectional multicenter study carried in 2013 to 2014 had involved 502 HIV-infected patients aged 50 years and older, cared in 18 HIV-dedicated hospital medical units, located in South of France. Prevalence of frailty was 6.3% and of pre-frailty 57.2%. Low physical activity and weakness were the main frailty markers, respectively 49.4% and 19.9%. In univariate models, precariousness, duration of HIV antiretroviral treatment >15 years, 2 comorbidities or more, risk of depression, activities of daily living disability, and presence of pain were significantly associated with frail and pre-frail phenotype. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that only pain was significantly different between frail and pre frail phenotype versus non frail phenotype (odds ratio = 1.2; P = .002). Our study is the first showing a significant association between pain and frailty phenotype in older patients infected by HIV. As frailty phenotype could be potentially reversible, a better understanding of the underlying determinant is warranted. Further studies are needed to confirm these first findings.
High-throughput interleaving scheme in free space optical communication system

Interleaving scheme has found its applications in free space optical (FSO) communication system to cope with successive burst errors caused by atmospheric turbulence. However, the high data transfer rate of FSO communication requires high throughput interleaving, which poses unique challenges for the existing interleaver. In this paper, we present a novel interleaving scheme by using combinations of byte-wise interleaver and serializer/deserializer (SerDes) structure. A straightforward model is established to derive tight approximate expressions of post forward error correction (FEC) bit error rate (BER) over the atmospheric turbulence channel. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has advantage of better BER performance in coping with successive burst errors over the existing interleaving schemes, and it also has a relatively high throughput capacity which is applicable to the FSO communication system.
Social housing in Denmark

The working paper is a presentation and discussion of the general institutional framework of the Danish social housing sector, illustrated by two case studies of social housing in Elsinore and Odense. First, a brief introduction to the Danish housing market is provided, and the general structure of the social housing sector is outlined, touching upon a number of key policy-initiatives. Second, the two case studies in Elsinore and Odense are presented and analysed with respect to issues of efficiency, residentsâ€™ participation, social cohesion and governance. In both studies, the analysis moves from the level of housing estates and housing associations to the municipal level. Finally, the key observations are synthesised and related to a discussion of social housing reform in the 90s.
STOCHASTIC CALCULUS AND BLACK-SCHOLES MODEL

Ito’s lemma is often used in Ito calculus to find the differentials of a stochastic process that depends on time. This paper will introduce the concepts in stochastic calculus and derive Ito’s lemma. Then, the paper will discuss Black-Scholes model as one of the applications of Ito’s lemma. Both Black-Scholes formula for calculating the price of European options and BlackScholes partial differential equation for describing the price of option over time will be derived and discussed.
OPTiC: Opportunistic Graph Processing in Multi-Tenant Clusters

We present OPTiC, a multi-tenant scheduler intended for distributed graph processing frameworks. OPTiC proposes opportunistic scheduling, whereby queued jobs can be pre-scheduled at cluster nodes when the cluster is fully busy running jobs. This allows overlapping of data ingress with ongoing computation. To pre-schedule wisely, OPTiC's novel contribution is a profile-free and cluster-agnostic approach to compare progress of graph processing jobs. OPTiC is implemented inside Apache Giraph, with YARN underneath. Our experiments with real workload traces and network models show that OPTiC's opportunistic scheduling improves run time (both at the median and at the tail) by 20%-82% compared to baseline multi-tenancy, in a variety of scenarios.
End-to-end Learning of a Convolutional Neural Network via Deep Tensor Decomposition

In this paper we study the problem of learning the weights of a deep convolutional neural network. We consider a network where convolutions are carried out over non-overlapping patches with a single kernel in each layer. We develop an algorithm for simultaneously learning all the kernels from the training data. Our approach dubbed Deep Tensor Decomposition (DeepTD) is based on a rank-1 tensor decomposition. We theoretically investigate DeepTD under a realizable model for the training data where the inputs are chosen i.i. d. from a Gaussian distribution and the labels are generated according to planted convolutional kernels. We show that DeepTD is data-efficient and provably works as soon as the sample size exceeds the total number of convolutional weights in the network. We carry out a variety of numerical experiments to investigate the effectiveness of DeepTD and verify our theoretical findings.
Attributed Network Embedding with Micro-Meso Structure

Recently, network embedding has received a large amount of attention in network analysis. Although some network embedding methods have been developed from different perspectives, on one hand, most of the existing methods only focus on leveraging the plain network structure, ignoring the abundant attribute information of nodes. On the other hand, for some methods integrating the attribute information, only the lower-order proximities (e.g., microscopic proximity structure) are taken into account, which may suffer if there exists the sparsity issue and the attribute information is noisy. To overcome this problem, the attribute information and mesoscopic community structure are utilized. In this article, we propose a novel network embedding method termed Attributed Network Embedding with Micro-Meso structure, which is capable of preserving both the attribute information and the structural information including the microscopic proximity structure and mesoscopic community structure. In particular, both the microscopic proximity structure and node attributes are factorized by Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF), from which the low-dimensional node representations can be obtained. For the mesoscopic community structure, a community membership strength matrix is inferred by a generative model (i.e., BigCLAM) or modularity from the linkage structure, which is then factorized by NMF to obtain the low-dimensional node representations. The three components are jointly correlated by the low-dimensional node representations, from which two objective functions (i.e., ANEM_B and ANEM_M) can be defined. Two efficient alternating optimization schemes are proposed to solve the optimization problems. Extensive experiments have been conducted to confirm the superior performance of the proposed models over the state-of-the-art network embedding methods.
PAGE4 and Conformational Switching: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Implications for Prostate Cancer

Prostate-Associated Gene 4 (PAGE4) is a disordered protein implicated in the progression of prostate cancer. PAGE4 can be phosphorylated at two residue sites by Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase 1 (HIPK1) to facilitate its binding to the Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor. In contrast, a further hyperphosphorylation of PAGE4 by CDC-Like Kinase 2 (CLK2) reduces its binding affinity to AP-1, thus affecting the androgen receptor (AR) activity. Both SAXS and smFRET experiments have shown a structural expansion of PAGE4 upon hyperphosphorylation and a significant increase in size at its N-terminal half than that at its C-terminus. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying this structural transition, we performed a series of constant temperature molecular dynamics simulations using Atomistic AWSEM — a multi-scale molecular model combining detailed atomistic and coarse-grained simulation approaches. Our simulations show that electrostatic interaction drives a transient formation of an N-terminal loop, which causes the change in size for different phosphorylated forms of PAGE4. Phosphorylation also changes the preference of secondary structure formation of PAGE4, which signifies a transition between states that display different degree of disorder. Finally, we construct a mechanism-based mathematical model that allows us to capture the interactions of different forms of PAGE4 with AP-1 and AR, a key therapeutic target in prostate cancer. Our model predicts intracellular oscillatory dynamics of HIPK1-PAGE4, CLK2-PAGE4 and AR activity, indicating phenotypic heterogeneity in an isogenic cell population. Thus, conformational switching among different forms of PAGE4 may potentially affect the efficiency of therapeutic targeting of AR.
Edge preserving suppression for depth estimation via comparative variation

Most applications in computer vision manage to suppress textures and noise while maintaining meaningful structure based on colour intensity variation, but it is intractable due to texture patterns or error. This study presents an edge-preserving suppression method for depth estimation. The authors formulate a functional energy function based on the relative total intensity and space variation, and they minimise the energy function via iteratively reweighted least squares. Assuming that textural edges most likely correspond to depth discontinuities, they exploit the comparative variations of the colour image to produce a more accurate depth map. The experimental results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach, and show that texture patterns are suppressed while meaningful edges are preserved. According to the results of the depth acquisition methods, the proposed depth estimation methods generate the accurate and robust results.
Below-ground biotic interactions moderated the postglacial range dynamics of trees.

Tree range shifts during geohistorical global change events provide a useful real-world model for how future changes in forest biomes may proceed. In North America, during the last deglaciation, the distributions of tree taxa varied significantly as regards the rate and direction of their responses for reasons that remain unclear. Local-scale processes such as establishment, growth, and resilience to environmental stress ultimately influence range dynamics. Despite the fact that interactions between trees and soil biota are known to influence local-scale processes profoundly, evidence linking below-ground interactions to distribution dynamics remains scarce. We evaluated climate velocity and plant traits related to dispersal, environmental tolerance and below-ground symbioses, as potential predictors of the geohistorical rates of expansion and contraction of the core distributions of tree genera between 16 and 7 ka bp. The receptivity of host genera towards ectomycorrhizal fungi was strongly supported as a positive predictor of poleward rates of distribution expansion, and seed mass was supported as a negative predictor. Climate velocity gained support as a positive predictor of rates of distribution contraction, but not expansion. Our findings indicate that understanding how tree distributions, and thus forest ecosystems, respond to climate change requires the simultaneous consideration of traits, biotic interactions and abiotic forcing.