Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information intensity, control deficiency risk, and materiality

Purpose - This paper leverages the concept of business information intensity (BII) with the aim of developing a model to assess control deficiency risk (CDR) in organizations. BII measures the extent of use of IT by an organization in its products and value chain. Design/methodology/approach - The paper develops a conceptual model that uses BII and CDR to examine alternative approaches to risk management. This model contains four quadrants that provide insight into varying risk management strategies for business processes. CFOs and internal auditors from Findings - The model suggests that spending on IT and information security is higher for companies with high BII-CDR than those with low BII-CDR. Research limitations/implications - Analysis focused on only two quadrants in a four-quadrant model. Future research may seek to refine the measurement of BII and CDR, and offer greater insight into the types of business processes that fall into each of the four quadrants as well as those that do not fit neatly into those quadrants. Practical implications - Organizations may use the BII-CDR model to assess risk and to evaluate investments in IT security and other control activities. The model also highlights the need to redefine the concept of materiality and to consider its link to BII and CDR. Auditors should consider the interaction of BII and CDR in planning the audit, conducting field work, and managing overall audit risk. Originality/value - The paper provides original insights into the relationship between BII and CDR and its implications for treatment of materiality. It was observed that activities which support critical business processes are themselves critical. This is an important departure from traditional approaches to evaluating materiality.
The fine structure of peripheral nerve fibers

Neurohistological investigations have thus far failed to resolve satisfactorily the fine structure of the axon, its sheaths, and their relationships to one another. The application of physical techniques, such as x-ray diffraction and polarization microscopy, to the nerve fiber has yielded much information regarding the structure of the myelin sheath and the axon. By their very nature, however, such methods do not allow direct visualization of structures and have not yielded any iiif ormation on the submicroscopic morphology of the Schwann cell and the relationships of the sheaths of nerve fibers. The development of the electron microscope with its increase in resolving power has made possible an extension of our knowledge of the fine structure of nerve fibers. At the same time, many difficulties are encountered when an attempt is made to study the morphology of the nerve fiber with the electron microscope. The fact that there is such an immense disproportion between cell body and axon process (in some cases as much as one million times) is the clue to one of the major difficulties. To make preparations in which it is possible to examine such long cylinders satisfactorily without causing extensive artifacts is a severe problem for the investigator using the light microscope. It becomes an even greater problem with the electron microscope. Perhaps the greatest difficulty is produced by the fact that myelin can present liquid
How Does Tourism Planning Contribute to Sustainable Development

Perhaps like few other industries, tourism depends and is built on environmental, physical and cultural local resources. In this sense, and as suggested by the scientific community and international agencies, sustainability should be a driver for tourism sector development. For this purpose, three main issues are relevant: the interpretation of the meaning of sustainability reflected in the vision of the destination for the sector; stakeholders' participation, balancing different approaches; and a strategic planning that calls for long-term view and action. The aim of this study is to assess whether the tourism planning of the destinations contributes to sustainable development. We have reviewed 11 local/regional tourism plans existing in Portugal, and the conclusions point to a vague interpretation of the concept of sustainability, to a type of planning that is closed to public participation with a lack of discussion on the kind of sustainability to implement and to difficulties in committing to strategic planning. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Relationship between Labor-Income Risk and Average Return: Empirical Evidence from the Japanese Stock Market

In Japan, as in the United States, stocks that are more sensitive to changes in the monthly growth rate of labor income earn a higher return on average. Whereas the stock-index beta can only explain 2 percent of the cross-sectional variation in the average return on stock portfolios, the stock-index beta and the labor-beta together explain 75 percent of the variation. We find that the labor-beta drives out the size effect but not the book-to-market-price effect that is documented in the literature. We explore the extent to which these results are an artifact of seasonal patterns in labor-income growth rates as well as asset returns. In Japan, the book-to-market-price characteristic can be adequately captured by a particular factor-beta, as suggested by Fama and French (1993). This is in contrast to the findings reported by Daniel and Titman (1997) for the United States.
FINANCIAL INNOVATION AND DELEGATION OF CONTROL

The literature on security design has traditionally assumed that control of investment and production rests with the entrepreneur even after flotation. In this article, the author relaxes this assumption, which is both unnecessarily strict and unrealistic. The contribution is twofold. First, he shows that when control is delegated during flotation, financial innovation is a trade-off between agency costs (arising from principal agent relationships) and targeting costs (arising from the inability to split the cash flow). Second, the author shows that unlevered equity or the use of debt, which can be issued without defaulting in equilibrium, is an optimal means of financing.
Management control in contemporary organizations: towards a wider framework

Abstract This paper argues that the traditional definition of the scope and practice of management control which was developed in the mid 1960s is now too restrictive as it is based on a context of large, hierarchically structured organizations which are now in relative decline. This decline has been caused by changes in the business and social environment which are reflected in the terminology of current management ideas such as 'de-layering', 'right-sizing', 'business process re-engineering', 'out-sourcing' and 'value chain analysis'. The traditional definition has also led to an emphasis on accounting-based controls which are becoming increasingly peripheral to fundamental needs of contemporary organizations. Organizations still need systems of management control but it is likely that they will be very different to those found suitable in the past. Some tentative suggestions are made as to the type of changes that are needed, but it is also necessary for empirical studies to be undertaken to codify and conceptualize what is already happening in practice. The lag before practice is incorporated into theory has created a major opportunity for researchers in management control.
Antiarrhythmic drugs for atrial fibrillation

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Although stroke prevention is the only way to improve prognosis, antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) are of primary importance both in the conversion to sinus rhythm and in the long-term control of rhythm and rate. Areas covered: We searched the Cochrane Library and Medline Database for articles published in English concerning efficacy and safety of AADs in AF. Particular attention was paid to the recently published European Society of Cardiology guidelines. This review provides an overview of the currently available drugs used in AF, with a particular emphasis on their comparative efficacy and safety in different kind of patients. Recent important findings, and advantages and disadvantages of recently approved drugs such as vernakalant and dronedarone, are also discussed. Expert opinion: AADs remain fundamental in the acute and long-term management of AF, to control symptoms and to reduce the negative impact of the arrhythmia on QoL. The choice of a rate- over rhythm-control strategy should be individualized and based on accurate evaluation of patient medical history and symptoms. New agents will contribute to improve treatment efficacy together with the guarantee of better safety profiles.
Maintaining life and health by natural selection of protein molecules.

A concept for a life and health-preserving principle is presented, with reference to evolutionary, medical, and biochemical observations. Life comprises two basic phenomena: it unfolds over longer periods at the population level, and is sustained for the duration of individual life spans. The evolution of life within populations by means of natural selection of individuals is central to Darwin's theory of evolution. An important component of maintaining individual life is proposed here to be the natural selection of molecular components-the proteins, a process of preferred removal of denatured and old, synonymous with the selection of younger, functional molecules. The proteins of the cell are committed to fulfilling all the tasks programmed by the genome while continuously maintaining all appropriate cellular functions, including protecting the DNA. Physiological and environmental influences accelerate the breakdown of aged protein molecules, driving this renewal process so that the cell can maintain its protein stock at high-performance levels. The principle of selection makes the incredible dynamics of continual protein turnover, and hence not only the preservation of life, but the maintenance of health in individual beings, comprehensible. Arguments are presented to counter the hypothesis that protein breakdown is a stochastic, random process governed by first-order kinetics.
Farmers' Subjective Perceptions of Yield and Yield Risk

Using survey responses of Illinois corn farmers to differently framed yield questions, we examine their subjective information by relating stated yields and risk to the corresponding objective county measures. The results show that farm-level yields can be best characterized by soliciting probabilistic information, which provides more accurate yield assessments than an open-ended frame and consistent estimates of producers- subjective risk. Moreover, we find that overconfidence can be confused with differences in relevant information and that using recent data may be more appropriate in examining subjective risk statements. Our results are important for agricultural policy-makers and researchers, particularly those who work with surveys that include questions about producers' yields.
The University and Economic Development: The Case of Johns Hopkins University and Baltimore

Although there are many examples of the role that universities might play in fostering regional economic development, this article considers a counterfactual case. The presence of a prominent research university provides no guarantee that an area's economic development potential is enhanced. Using an innovation process model as a framework, the author studies the relationship between Johns Hopkins University and the Baltimore metropolitan area. This provides an opportunity to consider the other factors that might enhance the ability of an area to capitalize on the benefits that proximity to a research university may provide.
A novel industrial services reference model

The need to integrate service providers into an existing customer supply chain requires the collective know-how of the coordination mode, including the ability to synchronize interdependent processes, to integrate information systems and to cope with distributed learning. About this topic the EU-funded InCoCo-S project is developing a new standard business reference model with key focus on operation & integration of business related services in supply chains. Based on the requirement analysis concrete business processes have been developed to integrate services in the existing customer supply chain both on a strategic and operational level.
A model for regulation of the cell cycle incorporating cyclin A, cyclin B and their complexes

Abstract. t. A mathematical model for the cell cycle is proposed that incorporates the known biochemical reactions involving both cyclin A and cyclin B, the interactions of these cyclins with cdc2 and cdk2, and the controlling effects of cdc25 and weel. The model also postulates the existence of an as yet unknown phosphatase involved in the formation of maturation promoting factor. The model produces solutions that agree qualitatively with a wide variety of experimentally observed cell‐cycle behavior. Conditions under which the model could explain the initial rapid divisions of embryonic cells and the transition to the slower somatic cell cycle are also discussed.
A Calibrated Structural Model of the Czech Economy

The paper presents a structural model framework for a small open economy.The model, based on optimising households and firms, has been calibrated on Czech macroeconomic data in order to develop an analytic framework suitable for analysing key policy questions related to the Czech Republic s anticipated EMU accession.In order to be able to use the model for assessing both pre- and post-accession policy issues, two versions of the model fixed and flexible exchange rate versions were developed.The suitability of the two alternative models for policy analysis was subsequently tested on a series of impulse response exercises.The dynamic responses of the two models to selected shocks and policy experiments are plausible.Hence these results suggest that the presented analytic framework can serve as a good starting point for analysing complex policy issues facing the Czech Republic. Key words: monetary policy, monetary union, EMU accession JEL classification numbers: E52, E20, E31, F41
Vers quelles innovations RH dans les entreprises françaises

The practices of innovative in Human Resources Management (HRM) has been discussed in both the academic and professional literature. This article contributes to the debate on the evolution of innovative human resource practices in France during the last five years. From an exploratory empirical study of 28 French companies, we seek to depict the more innovative changes in the practices of HRM for enhancement in organisational performance.
Comparing the Growth Performance of the New EU Countries

We measure the contribution of the main factors explaining real domestic income growth in eight new EU countries. Our concept of real domestic income differs from real gross domestic product (GDP) by treating changes in the prices of goods traded internationally as a real effect to income growth. Our estimates show that three countries experience a strong increase in their terms of trade, indicating that real GDP growth underestimates the increase in real domestic income of these countries, and that real GDP growth should be used only to roughly approximate changes in a country's real income.
Transforming Acidic Coiled-coil-containing Protein 4 Interacts with Centrosomal AKAP350 and the Mitotic Spindle Apparatus*

AKAP350 is a multiply spliced family of 350–450-kDa protein kinase A-anchoring proteins localized to the centrosomes and the Golgi apparatus. Using AKAP350A as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a rabbit parietal cell library, we have identified a novel AKAP350-interacting protein, transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 4 (TACC4). Two-hybrid binary assays demonstrate interaction of both TACC3 and TACC4 with AKAP350A and AKAP350B. Antibodies raised to a TACC4-specific peptide sequence colocalize TACC4 with AKAP350 at the centrosome in interphase Jurkat cells. Mitotic cell staining reveals translocation of TACC4 from the centrosome to the spindle apparatus with the majority of TACC4 at the spindle poles. Truncated TACC4 proteins lacking the AKAP350 minimal binding domain found in the carboxyl coiled-coil region of TACC4 could no longer target to the centrosome. Amino-truncated TACC4 proteins could no longer target to the spindle apparatus. Further, overexpression of TACC4 fusion proteins that retained spindle localization in mitotic cells resulted in an increased proportion of cells present in prometaphase. We propose that AKAP350 is responsible for sequestration of TACC4 to the centrosome in interphase, whereas a separate TACC4 domain results in functional localization of TACC4 to the spindle apparatus in mitotic cells.
An absolute frequency reference at 192.6 THz (1556 nm) based on a two-photon absorption line of rubidium at 778 nm for WDM communication systems

A 192.6-THz (1556 nm) distributed-feedback (DFB) laser is frequency-locked on a two-photon transition of rubidium at 385.3 THz (778 nm) using second-harmonic (SH) generation. With 43 mW at 1556 nm, we obtain a SH power of 15 /spl mu/W using a KNbO/sub 3/ crystal placed in a ring cavity. Optical feedback from this cavity is used to reduce the DFB laser linewidth to the 10-kHz level and control its frequency. The SH signal is used to injection-lock a 778-nm Fabry-Perot laser in order to increase the interrogation power. With this scheme, we observe two-photon transitions in rubidium and lock the 1556-nm laser frequency.
The Time Variation of Expected Returns and Volatility in Foreign-Exchange Markets

This paper analyzes the time variation in conditional means and variances of monthly and quarterly excess dollar returns on Eurocurrency investments. All results are based on a vector autoregression with weekly sampled data on exchange rate changes and forward premiums of three currencies. Both past exchange rate changes and forward premiums predict future forward market returns. Moreover, past forward premium volatilities predict the volatility of exchange rates. Expected forward market returns are very variable, persistent, and exhibit marked comovements. These results carry over to cross-rate (for example yen/mark) investments as well.
Are individual investors less informed than institutional investors? Unique evidence from investor trading behaviours around bad mergers in Korean financial market

This article presents the trading behaviours of individual and institutional investors in Korean mergers and acquisitions market. Based on Chen et al. (2007), we consider a bidder's negative abnormal announcement-period return as a measure for bad merger. To investigate the investor trading behaviours around the bad mergers, we employ a unique daily trading data of different groups of investors in Korean stock market. Our finding shows that institutional investors sell their shares on a bidding firm before announcement of a bad merger, while individual investors buy the shares. In addition, we find that institutional investors continue to sell their shares on a bidding firm even after announcement of a bad merger, but individual investors keep buying them. Hence, our results newly support the hypothesis that individual investors are less informed and/or less sophisticated than institutional investors.
La teoria monetaria en Alfred Marshall

En una carta de respuesta que Marshall escribió a J. M. Keynes, con motivo del envío por parte de éste de su Tract on Monetary Reform, puede leerse: «Voy a morir pronto, pero si encuentro oportunidad, preguntaré a los que lleguen a las regiones celestes si han conseguido ustedes encontrar remedio contra los males de la moneda. » El problema de los desajustes monetarios y del mal funcionamiento del dinero en la economía no es nuevo, ni parece —al menos por el momento— que puede agotarse (He aquí un «mal» abundante, al contrario de los «bienes» de que se ocupa nuestra ciencia! ).
Professionalization, legitimization and the creation of executive search markets in Europe.

There is widespread and longstanding interest in the "production of markets" and the various political- and cultural-economic strategies associated with demand creation. The aim of this paper is to show how the professions, because of their central role in contemporary economic and social life, provide a particularly interesting example of both the political- and cultural-economic production of international markets. Drawing on interviews conducted in the European executive search (headhunting) industry, we examine how headhunting professional service firms and professional associations have combined cultural- and political-economic strategies of professionalism and professionalization to legitimize executive search as a business service in order to facilitate the internationalization of the industry. In particular we show how the success of these approaches is determined by the degree to which geographical variability exists in the use of cultural- and political-economic market production and legitimation tactics. We, therefore, suggest that there is considerable scope to bring work on the sociology of the professions into closer dialogue with work on the internationalisation of professional service firms in ways that can be beneficial for both literatures as well as wider debates about the "production of markets. "
Career fields: a small step towards a grand career theory?

Little theory development has been done that accounts for the changes in the forms, actors and contexts of careers that we currently can see. Looking at careers from a ‘grand’ and unified theoretical perspective has a number of advantages. In particular, grand social theories allow the link between a well-elaborated and differentiated framework for social phenomena and for careers. Moreover, looking at careers from a unified perspective allows discussion of the great variety of aspects to careers in a single theoretical language. Based on the work of French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, this paper focuses on social fields as one major element of an effort towards a more comprehensive theoretical framework for professional and managerial careers. In particular, it discusses the constituting characteristics of career fields as social fields and the application of this concept to work-related careers. Rather than adopting or adapting a specific theory in order to illuminate a specific national context, this paper, by using Bourdieu's concepts, proposes a framework to illuminate particular aspects sometimes not sufficiently stressed by recent – and more especially Anglo-Saxon – career research. Avoiding a choice between objective or subjective career and macro- or micro-perspective, it allows the strengthening or re-introduction of themes like multi-level analysis, simultaneous actionstructure view, combining ‘objective’ and ‘subjective’ perspectives, power distribution, social hierarchy and thus social inequalities into career research.
Tourist purchase decision involvement and information preferences

This study examines the relationships between tourists’ purchase decision involvement and their information search behaviours. The behaviours include their information preferences as measured by perceived value of different types of information contents, and their use of the internet as an information channel. The relationships are presented in a proposed conceptual framework of the tourist information search process, and tested through two hypotheses using a survey sample. The findings reveal that tourist information preferences significantly differed from one level of purchase decision involvement to another in seven out of 13 instances. It is also found that there are significant differences in using the internet as a destination information channel from one level of purchase decision involvement to another. The findings are discussed in the context of developing effective destination marketing strategies.