Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A flit-level speedup scheme for network-on-chips using self-reconfigurable bi-directional channels

In this work, we propose a flit-level speedup scheme to enhance the network-on-chip(NoC) performance utilizing bidirectional channels. In addition to the traditional efforts on allowing flits of different packets using the idling internal and external bandwidth of the bi-directional channel, our proposed flit-level speedup scheme also allows flits within the same packet to be transmitted simultaneously on the bi-directional channel. For inter-router transmission, a novel distributed channel configuration protocol is developed to dynamically control the link directions. For the intra-router transmission, an input buffer architecture which supports reading and writing two flits from the same virtual channel at the same time is proposed. The switch allocator is also designed to support flit-level parallel arbitration. Simulation results on both synthetic traffic and real benchmarks show performance improvement in throughput and latency over the existing architectures using bi-directional channels.
Parenting Attributions and Attitudes in Cross-Cultural Perspective

SYNOPSIS Objective. This article used the Parenting Across Cultures Project to evaluate similarities and differences in mean levels and relative agreement between mothers' and fathers' attributions and attitudes in parenting in 9 countries. Design. Mothers and fathers reported their perceptions of causes of successes and failures in caregiving and their progressive versus authoritarian childrearing attitudes. Gender and cultural similarities and differences in parents' attributions and attitudes in 9 countries were analyzed: China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States. Results. Although mothers and fathers did not differ in any attribution, mothers reported more progressive parenting attitudes and modernity of childrearing attitudes than did fathers, and fathers reported more authoritarian attitudes than did mothers. Country differences also emerged in all attributions and attitudes that were examined. Mothers' and fathers' attributions and their attitudes were moderately correlated, but parenting attitudes were more highly correlated in parents than were attributions. Conclusions. We draw connections among the findings across the 9 countries and outline implications for understanding similarities and differences in mothers' and fathers' parenting attributions and attitudes.
Anti-adjuvant arthritis of recombinant human endostatin in rats via inhibition of angiogenesis and proinflammatory factors.

AIM To investigate the profile of endostatin on adjuvant arthritis (AA) and angiogenesis blockade in synovitis. METHODS The model of rat AA was induced by injection of intradermal complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Hind paw volume of rat was measured by volume meter and the activities of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-2 were measured by the assay of thymocytes proliferation. IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) produced by synoviocytes was estimated with radioimmunoassay. The number of new blood vessels in knee joint synovium was counted under microscope by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. RESULTS The secondary inflammation of AA rats appeared on the 10th day after injection of CFA. The therapeutic administration of endostatin (0.1, 0.5, and 2.5 mg/kg/d, sc, plus 7 d) was given from that time (d 10). It was found that endostatin significantly inhibited the secondary paw swelling and the number of new blood vessels in the synovium of AA rats. Endostatin significantly decreased the production of IL-1 derived from both peritoneal macrophages and synoviocytes and IL-2 from splenocytes, especially at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg. This effect of endostatin also was seen on TNF-alpha produced by synoviocytes. CONCLUSION The recombinant human endostatin had an inhibitory effect on rat AA, which was related to its anti-angiogenesis and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines.
(Z)-Methyl 2-bromomethyl-3-(2-chlorophenyl)acrylate

In the title compound, C11H10BrClO2, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the plane of the acrylate unit is 62.1 (1)°. The crystal packing is stabilzed by intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—Cl⋯π interactions [Cl⋯centroid = 3.829 (1) Å and C—Cl⋯centroid = 165.3 (1)°].
The patient's burden: physical and psychological effects of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

In this prospective qualitative study we evaluated the subjective perspectives of the quality of life of patients with chronic bronchitis. Individuals with diagnoses which fulfilled the clinical criteria of chronic bronchitis, i.e. daily production of sputum for at least three consecutive months in two consecutive years, were recruited into four focus groups from general practices in two industrial cities. Younger patients (those of pre-retirement age) of both sexes-a significant, but frequently 'invisible' minority in this patient population-were targeted. The groups were constituted with the aim of stimulating variation in the discussions. Twenty sufferers (10 males and 10 females, ranging in age from 30 to 86 years) were eventually included in the study; there were five in each group. Group discussions were recorded and transcribed verbatim and the data were analysed thematically. It was evident from the discussions that chronic bronchitis had led to a high degree of psychological distress in the participants, particularly in relation to dependency on medication, and disruption of social and family relationships. Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB) were met with dread. They brought about further reductions in quality of life, increased anxieties about breathlessness, fear of atmospheric pollution and of changes in and extremes of temperature, embarrassment about coughing up phlegm in public and suspicion of medical practitioners' motives if they were unwilling to prescribe antibiotics on request. Patients' health-related behaviour and beliefs were often contradictory. For example, AECB in some patients led to increased smoking. There were also gender and age differences; for example, it was the perception of males that they received more support from their partners than did females. Younger participants appeared more distressed by AECB than older ones. The results of this study suggest that raising the standard of care for patients with chronic bronchitis requires that greater attention be paid to patients' subjective experiences of the disease.
Influence of Electron-Beam Diode Voltage and Current on Coaxial Vircator

The KALI-5000 pulse power system was utilized to generate high-power microwaves using a coaxial virtual cathode oscillator. The typical electron-beam parameters were 290 kV, 23 kA, and 100 ns, with a few hundreds of amperes per centimeter square current density. Experiments were conducted using a graphite cathode for two different radial anode-cathode gap distances to investigate the dependence of microwave output magnetic field and frequency on diode voltage and current waveform. It was found that the coaxial vircator always has more than one frequency component. It was shown that the microwave B-field and the frequency do not depend on the time-varying impedance and perveance of the diode. Electron-beam emission area, uniformity, and the anode-cathode gap play a major role in deciding the power density and frequency at the point of measurement. The highest microwave power is emitted when all the power is delivered into a single frequency at least for a certain time of the accelerating pulse.
Improved H.264/AVC video broadcast/multicast

This paper investigates the transmission of H.264 /AVC video in the 3GPP Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Streaming service (MBMS). Application-layer forward error correction (FEC) codes are used to combat transmission errors in the radio access network. In this FEC protection scheme, the media RTP stream is organized into source blocks spanning many RTP packets, over which FEC repair packets are generated. This paper proposes a novel method for unequal error protection that is applicable in MBMS. The method reduces the expected tune-in delay when a new user joins into a broadcast. It is based on four steps. First, temporally scalable H.264 /AVC streams are coded including reference and non-reference pictures or sub-sequences. Second, the constituent pictures of a group of pictures (GOP) are grouped according to their temporal scalability layer. Third, the interleaved packetization mode of RFC3984 is used to transmit the groups in ascending order of relevance for decoding. As an example, the non-reference pictures of a GOP are sent earlier than the reference pictures of the GOP. Fourth, each group is considered a source block for FEC coding and the strength of the FEC is selected according to its importance. Simulations show that the proposed method improves the quality of the received video stream and decreases the expected tune-in delay.
Symptoms or Symptom-Based Scores Cannot Predict Acute Otitis Media at Otitis-Prone Age

OBJECTIVE: Acute symptoms are used to diagnose and manage acute otitis media (AOM). We studied whether AOM could be predicted by the reason for parental suspicion of AOM or by the occurrence, duration, and/or severity of symptoms. We also compared scores including or excluding tympanic-membrane examination of children with and without AOM. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Children aged 6 to 35 months with parental suspicion of AOM were eligible. Before tympanic-membrane examination, we registered on a structured questionnaire the reason for parental suspicion of AOM, symptoms, and score components. RESULTS: Of 469 children studied, 237 had AOM and 232 had respiratory tract infection without AOM. The most common reason for parental suspicion of AOM, restless sleep, was not predictive for AOM (RR: 1.0 [95% CI: 0.8–1.2]), nor was ear-rubbing (relative risk [RR]: 0.7 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5–1.0]). Neither the occurrence of fever (RR: 1.2 [95% CI: 1.0–1.4]) nor the highest mean temperature within 24 hours predicted AOM, nor did the occurrences of ear-related, nonspecific, respiratory, or gastrointestinal symptoms. The duration and severity of symptoms were not predictive for AOM, although rhinitis lasted longer and conjunctivitis was more severe in children with AOM. The clinical/otologic score (median: 4.0 vs 2.0; P = .000) and the AOM total-severity index (11.0 vs 6.0; P = .000), both including symptoms and tympanic-membrane examination, were higher in those with AOM. The AOM severity-of-symptom scale, based solely on symptoms, was equal in children with and without AOM (6.0 vs 6.0; P = .917). CONCLUSIONS: AOM cannot be predicted by the occurrence, duration, or severity of symptoms at otitis-prone age. Likewise, solely symptom-based scores do not differentiate between respiratory tract infections with or without AOM. Thus, tympanic-membrane examination is crucial in the diagnosis and severity classification of AOM in clinical practice and research settings.
Discussion Paper No . 2001 / 57 Debt Relief and Civil War

Of the 41 HIPCs, 11 are classified by the IMF and World Bank as conflict-affected. Can debt relief reduce the level of violent conflict in these countries? By providing additional resources to finance broad-based public spending, debt relief could help to redress the grievances that contribute to conflict. It could also reduce the ability of those motivated by greed to recruit followers, since the incomes, and therefore the grievances of followers, will fall if they benefit from broad-based public spending. But four things can go wrong with the use of debt relief in this way. First, the war party may prevail over the peace party in government, especially if the war party profits directly from conflict. Second, the fiscal system may be so institutionally weak that it cannot achieve the promised fiscal transfer even if the peace party prevails. /.
Scheduling schemes for improved throughput guarantees in MIMO broadcast channels

Specifying exact throughput guarantees in wireless systems, carrying real-time traffic, is in the interest of both the network operators and the customers. Based on our previous work, we formulate an optimization problem that aims at maximizing the throughput guarantees offered in a MIMO broadcast channel. We also propose two scheduling algorithms that make use of orthonormal random beamforming, and try to fulfill the throughput guarantees promised to all the mobile users. The scheduling algorithms are designed for two different beamforming scenarios. In the first scenario, random beams are used for all the selected users, whereas transmit beamforming is used for the first selected user in the second scenario. We further propose simple and low complexity adaptive scheduling algorithms that perform significantly better than other well-known scheduling algorithms, in terms of the throughput guarantee violation probability.
Design and Analysis of Novel Kernel Measure for Software Fault Localization

The problem of software fault localization may be viewed as an approach for finding hidden faults or bugs in the existing program codes which are syntactically correct and give fault free output for some input instances but fail for all other input instances. Some of the reasons include logical errors, wrong interpretation of specification, coding errors. Finding such faults is not possible sometimes with the help of compilers. This is where the necessity and significance of software fault localization stems out. The main contribution for this work is to first introduce the block hit-miss function which relates block vectors of execution sequences of software code over sample runs performed and the decision vector which denotes fault or error free output. The similarity measure is applied to the block vector and decision vectors as input and the pair with maximum similarity is considered as faulty block.
Applying Market Profile Theory to Analyze Financial Big Data and Discover Financial Market Trading Behavior - A Case Study of Taiwan Futures Market

With financial market constantly changing, prices are often affected by many factors that we cannot predict its direction easily especially in the market correction. If investors want to make profits, they must find a relatively low-risk entry points. This study is based on Market Profile Theory to use the displacement of point of control (POC) in different trading days to find out the best extremely short-term entry and exit points in financial big data in order to have experiment and analysis. We expect to find knowledge and behavior of the potential market that can help traders to make profits in extremely short-term trading. And at the end of this study, we can refute that Taiwan Index Futures Market conform to the weak form of efficient market hypothesis. This study found that the POC of historical trading day can be the reference and recommendation of entry point. The greatest performance of making profit is using 5-days historical POC to join the experiment. And it shows POC has the characteristic that the most traders accept its price.
Cross-linguistic Differences in Children’s Syntax for Locative Verbs

Learning a verb’s meaning and its associated syntactic structures pose a number of difficult problems for a learner. However, it is widely assumed that there are consistent correspondences between verb meanings and verb syntax, and that knowledge of these correspondences may provide important help to the learner (Gleitman 1990; Grimshaw 1981; Landau & Gleitman 1985; Pinker 1989; Gropen et al. 1991a,b). To take a simple example, English mental verbs like "think", "know", and "believe" take sentential complements, as do many other mental verbs in English and other languages. Accordingly, if this connection is universal, and if the learner knows this, then it could be very useful. If the learner already knows that a verb is a mental verb, then she can infer that it allows a sentential complement. If the learner hears an unfamiliar verb that takes a sentential complement, then this can be used as a clue that the verb might be a mental verb. In this paper we are primarily concerned with locative verbs, such as “pour”, “fill”, “load”, and “stuff”. Locative verbs encode the relationship between a moving object the “Figure”and a location the “Ground”. Although locative verbs all show this semantic similarity, they fall into at least four different syntactic subclasses based on their syntactic possibilities (Pinker 1989), as shown in (1-4). In addition to the Figure and Ground Non-alternating classes, Alternating verbs are divided into two subclasses, the Figure Alternating verbs in (3) and the Ground Alternating verbs in (4), based on which argument is obligatory in both syntactic frames (see Pinker 1989).
A 9.5-dB 50-GHz Matrix Distributed Amplifier in 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS

Implemented in a 0.18-mum CMOS process, a 2times4 matrix amplifier is presented in this paper. Due to the use of the second-tier gain cells in the distributed amplifier architecture, the proposed circuit exhibits a remarkable nominal gain of 9.5 dB with a 3-dB bandwidth of 50 GHz while maintaining input and output return losses better than 10 dB over the entire frequency band. A gain-bandwidth product of 150 GHz is demonstrated in this work
Genetic testing to guide therapy? Not for ticagrelor!

This editorial refers to ‘Effect of genetic variations on ticagrelor plasma levels and clinical outcome’, by C. Varenhorst et al . , on page doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv116 Oral platelet P2Y12 receptor antagonists in combination with aspirin are main components of drug therapy in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) especially in those who present with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and/or the need for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Depending on the type of the drug, a multitude of factors that affect the absorption, metabolism, and receptor responsiveness ( Figure 1 ) might have a significant impact on the antiplatelet effect of the P2Y12 receptor antagonist. Although non-genetic factors appear to have a major influence on the overall variability of platelet response to P2Y12 receptor antagonists, genetic traits are emerging as contributors to the interindividual variability of platelet reactivity to these drugs. A large variability in platelet reactivity is shown for clopidogrel, the most commonly used P2Y12 receptor antagonist, with a relevant impact on ischaemic but also bleeding complications.1,2 The large variability of platelet response is mainly explained by the fact that clopidogrel is a pro-drug which needs two steps of metabolism in the liver in order to obtain the active metabolite which increases the chances of interference. At least part of this variability is generated by genetic variation involving, among others, genes encoding the clopidogrel bioactivation cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system (CYP2C19 as the most …
Cumulative prevalence of prostatism matches the autopsy prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia

The age‐specific cumulative prevalence of clinically diagnosed prostatism among 1,057 generally healthy men followed for up to 30 years in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging was compared with the age‐specific autopsy prevalence of pathologically defined benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) from a published compilation of five independent autopsy studies involving 1,075 prostates. Clinical prevalences based on medical histories and digital rectal examinations showed excellent agreement with autopsy prevalences at all ages. Despite the well‐known lack of correspondence between prostatism and objective urologic evidence of BPH in individual patients, these results suggest that the proportion of the male population with clinically recognizable prostatism by a given age is about the same as the proportion with pathological evidence of BPH.
IMPROVING THE ACCURACY ESTIMATE FOR THE FIRST ORDER SIGMA-DELTA MODULATOR

Abstract. Based on experiments and numerical simulation, it has been widely believed that the average square error in the first order sigma-delta modulator with input of bandlimited signals decays like O(λ) as the sampling ratio λ goes to infinity. This conjecture remains as an open problem for many years. Combining tools from number theory, harmonic analysis, real analysis and complex analysis, this paper shows that the conjecture holds in some reasonable sense.
Predictors of change in estimated GFR: a population-based 7-year follow-up from the Tromso study.

BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, and even mild impairment of renal function is a cardiovascular risk factor. Several studies have investigated the risk factors for the development of end-stage renal disease, but little is known about predictors of change in renal function in the general population. METHODS The present study included 2249 men and 2192 women without signs of kidney disease at baseline who were followed for 7 years from 1994 to 1995 in the Tromsø Study. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation. Gender-specific multiple linear regression analyses were used to assess predictors of change in eGFR (DeltaGFR). RESULTS Change in eGFR, measured in ml/min/1.73 m(2)/year, was associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) [beta-value for a 10-mmHg increase in SBP, men = -0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.18 to -0.09; women = -0.07, 95% CI = -0.11 to -0.03] and fibrinogen [beta-value for 1 SD increase in fibrinogen, men (1 SD: 0.85 g/L) = -0.12, 95% CI -0.20 to -0.03; women (1 SD: 0.80) = -0.11, 95% CI -0.20 to -0.02]. High alcohol consumption in men and high physical activity in women predicted an increase in eGFR. Higher albumin/creatinine ratio was associated with a decline in eGFR in men only. CONCLUSIONS Some risk factors for change in GFR seem to be gender specific but both high SBP and high levels of fibrinogen contribute to a more rapid decline in GFR for both men and women.
Modeling finger number dependence on RF noise to 10 GHz in 0.13 /spl mu/m node MOSFETs with 80nm gate length

We have modeled the as-measured and de-embedded NF/sub min/ on multi-fingers 0.13 /spl mu/m node MOSFET. In contrast to the as-measured large NF/sub min/ value and strong dependence on parallel gate fingers, the de-embedded NF/sub min/ has much smaller noise of only 1.1-1.2 dB for 6, 18 and 36 fingers and weak dependence. From the well calibrated equivalent circuit model with as-measured NF/sub min/, the dominant noise source is from the probing pad generated thermal noise. From our derived equation with excellent agreement with de-embedded NF/sub min/ to 10 GHz, the weak dependence of intrinsic NF/sub min/ on gate finger is due to the combined effect of R/sub g/g/sub m/ and drain hot carrier noise but both have weak dependence on finger numbers.
Cool Job Allocation: Measuring the Power Savings of Placing Jobs at Cooling-Efficient Locations in the Data Center

Data center costs for computer power and cooling are staggering. Because certain physical locations inside the data center are more efficient to cool than others, this suggests that allocating heavy computational workloads onto those servers that are in more efficient places might bring substantial savings. This simple idea raises two critical research questions that we address: (1) How should one measure and rank the cooling efficiency of different places in a data center? (2) How substantial is the savings? We performed a set of experiments in a thermally isolated portion of a real data center, and validated that the potential savings is substantial and therefore warrants further work in this area to exploit the savings opportunity.