Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fatal Actinomucor elegans var. kuwaitiensis Infection following Combat Trauma

ABSTRACT We report the first case of invasive mucormycosis secondary to Actinomucor elegans infection. A severely injured soldier with a fatal A. elegans var. kuwaitiensis infection is described. The identification of this fungus was performed by classical and molecular methods, and this report documents the pathogenicity of the recently described variety Actinomucor elegans var. kuwaitiensis.
Perfect Pipelining for Streaming Large File in P 2 P Networks

We study the efficiency of large file streaming in a peer-to-peer network in which a large file is cut into many pieces of equal size, and initially all pieces are known only by one source node. We analyze the number of rounds required, called the finishing time, for all nodes in the network to collect all pieces in the default order. Based on the basic PUSH-PULL protocol, we design the Constant Out-degree Protocol (COP). At the beginning of the protocol, each node selects a constant number of neighbors, with only whom communication will be initiated. We focus our analysis on the performance of COP on preferential attachment graphs, which are believed to model peer-to-peer networks well. We show that a tight bound of Θ(B+ log n) rounds can be achieved with high probability for streaming B pieces in preferential attachment graphs with n nodes. Moreover, we show that there is a dichotomy in the results depending on how neighbors are contacted in each round; specifically, when each node avoids repeating initiation with neighbors in the previous M ≥ 2 rounds, then the finishing time is improved to Θ(B + logn log logn ) with high probability. For lower bounds, we show that there is a class of regular graphs in which perfect pipelining is impossible for any PUSH-PULL protocols using random neighbor selection.
PHONOLOGICAL RULES THROUGH LINGUISTIC HIERARCHIES

This paperdescribesour researchaimedat acquiringa gener alizedprobabilitymodelfor alternati ve phoneticrealizationsin conversationalspeech.The approachbegins with the application of a set of orderedcontext-dependentphonologicalrules, appliedto thebaseformsin the recognizer’ s lexicon. Theprobability model is acquiredby observingspecificrealizationsexpressedin a large training corpus. A set of context-free rules representswordsin termsof a substructurethatcanthengener alize context-dependentprobabilitiesto otherwords that share the samesub-word context. The model is designedto capture phoneticpredictionsbasedonlocalphonemic,morphologic,and syllabiccontexts,thuspermittingtrainingoncorporawhoselexiconis divergentfrom thatof theintendedapplication.Thetraining corpusconsistedof a large set of Jupiterweather -domain speechdata[9] augmentedwith a muchsmallersetof Mercury flight-domaindata[20]. The baselinesystemutilized the same setof phonologicalrulesfor lexical expansion,but with noprobability modellingfor alternatepronunciations.We evaluatedon atestsetof utterancesexclusively from theflight domain.Using this approach,we achieveda 12.6%reductionin speechunderstandingerrorrateon thetestset.
Assessing diets of 3-year-old children: evaluation of an FFQ

Abstract Objective To evaluate the use of an administered eighty-item FFQ to assess nutrient intake and diet quality in 3-year-old children. Design Frequency of consumption and portion size of the foods listed on the FFQ during the 3 months preceding the interview were reported by the child's main caregiver; after the interview a 2 d prospective food diary (FD) was completed on behalf of the child. Nutrient intakes from the FFQ and FD were estimated using UK food composition data. Diet quality was assessed from the FFQ and FD according to the child's scores for a principal component analysis-defined dietary pattern (‘prudent’ pattern), characterised by high consumption of fruit, vegetables, water and wholemeal cereals. Setting Southampton, UK. Subjects Children (n 892) aged 3 years in the Southampton Women's Survey. Results Intakes of all nutrients assessed by the FFQ were higher than FD estimates, but there was reasonable agreement in terms of ranking of children (range of Spearman rank correlations for energy-adjusted nutrient intakes, r s = 0·41 to 0·59). Prudent diet scores estimated from the FFQ and FD were highly correlated (r = 0·72). Some family and child characteristics appeared to influence the ability of the FFQ to rank children, most notably the number of child's meals eaten away from home. Conclusions The FFQ provides useful information to allow ranking of children at this age with respect to nutrient intake and quality of diet, but may overestimate absolute intakes. Dietary studies of young children need to consider family and child characteristics that may impact on reporting error associated with an FFQ.
First-Pass Contrast-Enhanced MR Angiography in Evaluation of Treated Spinal Arteriovenous Fistulas: Is Catheter Angiography Necessary?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Catheter angiography is typically used for follow-up of treated spinal AVFs. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance and utility of first-pass contrast-enhanced MRA in the posttreatment evaluation of spinal AVFs compared with DSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of all patients at our tertiary referral hospital (from January 2000 to April 2015) who underwent spine MR imaging, first-pass contrast-enhanced MRA, and DSA after surgical and/or endovascular treatment of a spinal AVF. Presence of recurrent or residual fistula on MRA, including vertebral level of the recurrent/residual fistula, was evaluated by 2 experienced neuroradiologists blinded to DSA findings. Posttreatment conventional MR imaging findings were also evaluated, including presence of intramedullary T2 hyperintensity, perimedullary serpentine flow voids, and cord enhancement. The performance of MRA and MR imaging findings for diagnosis of recurrent/residual fistula was determined by using DSA as the criterion standard. RESULTS: In total, 28 posttreatment paired MR imaging/MRA and DSA studies were evaluated in 22 patients with prior spinal AVF and 1 patient with intracranial AVF with prior cervical perimedullary venous drainage. Six image sets of 5 patients demonstrated recurrent/residual disease at DSA. MRA correctly identified all cases with recurrent/residual disease with 1 false-positive (sensitivity, 100%; specificity 95%; P < .001), with correct localization in all cases without interobserver disagreement. Conventional MR imaging parameters were not significantly associated with recurrent/residual spinal AVF. CONCLUSIONS: First-pass MRA demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity for identifying recurrent/residual spinal AVFs and may potentially substitute for DSA in the posttreatment follow-up of patients with spinal AVFs.
Vibratory stimulation increases interleukin-1 beta secretion during orthodontic tooth movement.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of application of vibratory stimuli on interleukin (IL)-1β secretion during maxillary canine distalization. MATERIALS AND METHODS Split-mouth design study in 15 subjects (mean age, 22.9 years; range 19-25 years) whose bilateral maxillary first premolars were extracted with subsequent canine distalization. On the experimental side, light force (60 g) was applied to the canine for 3 months in combination with vibratory stimuli provided using an electric toothbrush 15 minutes a day for 2 months; only orthodontic force was applied to the contralateral control canine. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from the mesial and distal sides of each canine at each monthly appointment. IL-1β levels were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Canine movement was measured monthly. RESULTS Overall, enhanced IL-1β secretion was observed at the pressure sites of experimental canines compared to control canines (mean, 0.64 ± 0.33 pg/µL vs 0.10 ± 0.11 pg/µL, respectively, P < .001). The accumulative amount of tooth movement was greater for the experimental canine than for the control canine (mean, 2.85 ± 0.17 mm vs 1.77 ± 0.11 mm, respectively, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that, in combination with light orthodontic force, application of vibratory stimuli using an electric toothbrush enhanced the secretion of IL-1β in GCF and accelerated orthodontic tooth movement.
Mining deeper meaning in consumer decision maps

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to gain deeper insight into the meanings that structure and impel consumer choice by overlaying findings from a metaphor elicitation study onto the results of a traditional means‐end laddering study.Design/methodology/approach – First, laddering interviews were conducted to elicit the reasons that structure the college choice decision of students. A second study using metaphor elicitation techniques surfaced additional meanings that constitute and connect students' thoughts and feelings about their experiences at the college. Together, the two modes of interviewing yield deeper insight into personal relevance and consumer choice than offered by either alone.Findings – Combining two modes of interviewing provides views at various levels of detail. Whereas laddering interviews use direct questioning to identify consumers' choice criteria, projective techniques rely on indirect questioning to surface the enduring and ephemeral feelings that charge consumer beliefs. Pann.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. A statistical approach

Attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common behavioural disorders in school age children, with a high increase of its prevalence rate in the last decade. ADHD has much comorbidity affecting the child’s life in every domain of their quotidian life with a negative influence in the prognosis of this condition. Psychomotor deficits are responsible for many of the learning disabilities of these children.A sample was submitted to a Psychomotor Battery, in order to characterize the population of children with the diagnosis of ADHD, followed at the Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira (Portugal), under psychomotor therapy. To the data, collected at baseline and at the end of the intervention, we applied a nonparametric testand graphical techniquesbased on limits of (dis)agreement. The main result shows that the psychomotor profile has a statistical significant improvement after psychomotor therapy.
Multi-q Analysis of Image Patterns

This paper studies the use of the Tsallis Entropy versus the classic Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon entropy for classifying image patterns. Given a database of 40 pattern classes, the goal is to determine the class of a given image sample. Our experiments show that the Tsallis entropy encoded in a feature vector for different $q$ indices has great advantage over the Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon entropy for pattern classification, boosting recognition rates by a factor of 3. We discuss the reasons behind this success, shedding light on the usefulness of the Tsallis entropy.
Getting Away and Getting By

This article examines the emancipatory and restrictive dimensions of self-employed homework. The analysis is based on in-depth interviews with 46 individuals, predominantly women, who work in home-based, self-employed professional, domestic service, or craft production ventures. In line with predictions that self-employed homework is liberating to workers, most respondents viewed self-employed homework as a means for breaking away from traditional employment options. Mothers also hoped to combine paid work and child care. However, in line with exploitation hypotheses, findings indicate that the profit requirements of doing business and conflicts between work and family demands led respondents to replicate at home some of the negative, exploitative work arrangements that they tried to escape. The social location of respondents, which included gender, family status, resources, and race-ethnicity as well as local and regional economic conditions, varied respondents' experiences of self-employed homework and their strategies for confronting dilemmas.
Group Violence and Group Vengeance: Toward a Retributivist Theory of International Criminal Law

International criminal law is frequently portrayed as the strong arm of the international human rights regime, an instrument designed to safeguard the dignity of each human person. There is an important truth to this characterization: international crimes involve many of the most grotesque violations of individual rights human beings inflict and endure. Yet the areas of international criminal law that are the subject of this Article apply to the doings and sufferings of individuals only indirectly. The law governing crimes against humanity and genocide frames the acts and fates of individuals against broader and darker patterns of group perpetration and group victimization. It is only within the context of group violence that international law attributes individual responsibility for wrongdoing and vindicates the rights of the individuals wronged. The conceptual mismatch between the moral individualism of human rights discourse and the collectivist structure of international criminal law requires theoretical resolution. The theory developed in Part II locates the legitimacy of institutional coercion within a structure of rights and duties linking authors of wrongs, victims of crime, and agents of punishment. As Part III explains, the need for international criminal law arises from the defective embodiment of this relational structure in social groups and failing states, defects which devolve retributive justice into cycles of escalating violence. The displacement of group vengeance by legal process is not the (broadly consequentialist) ground of the relational structure, but rather a reason for one set of social institutions rather than others to occupy a position of authority within that (broadly deontological) structure. Although the relational theory is intended as an independent contribution to the philosophy of criminal law, its cash value lies in its power to illuminate the role of group perpetration and group victimization in justifying the displacement of domestic law by international law and the intervention of international tribunals into internal armed conflict (Part IV); the relative gravity of genocide and crimes against humanity as well as the grouping of persecution and apartheid with crimes whose constituent acts cause greater physical destruction (Part V); and the roots of state resistance to international tribunals and the role of complementary jurisdiction in rationing the latter’s political capital (Part VI). The Article concludes by revisiting the grounds of the duties asserted, arguing that the duty to punish rests ultimately on the duty to protect, that invocation of the former implicitly admits failure to discharge the latter. The Article is intended as a contribution both to the growing literature surrounding the philosophical foundations of international criminal law and to traditional criminal law theory.
Baseline cognition, behavior, and motor skills in children with new‐onset, idiopathic epilepsy

Aim Epilepsy is associated with difficulties in cognition and behavior in children. These problems have been attributed to genetics, ongoing seizures, psychosocial issues, underlying abnormality of the brain, and/or antiepileptic drugs. In a previous study, we found baseline cognitive differences between children with partial versus generalized and convulsive versus non‐convulsive seizures. Measures in that study focused primarily on IQ scores. In the present study, we assessed baseline function with respect to new learning, attention, and memory, thus providing a more comprehensive profile than our previous study.
Visual attention and driving behaviors among community-living older persons.

BACKGROUND Older drivers have higher rates of crashes per mile driven compared with most other drivers, and these crashes result in greater morbidity and mortality. Various aspects of cognition, particularly visual attention, have been linked with crash risk among older individuals. The current study was designed to specify those cognitive variables associated with specific on-road driving behaviors in a sample of older, nonclinic-referred individuals. METHODS 35 community-residing active drivers aged 72 years and older (M = 80) underwent a standardized, on-road driving evaluation involving parking lot maneuvers, and urban, suburban, and highway driving. They were also administered tests of visual attention, executive function, visuospatial cognition, and memory. RESULTS Driving score was significantly correlated with visual attention, visual memory, and executive function. Visual attention was associated with 25 of 36 driving behaviors, including those involving scanning the environment, interaction with traffic or pedestrians, and distance judgments. Executive function and visual memory were associated with fewer maneuvers, most of which were a subset of maneuvers that correlated with visual attention. CONCLUSIONS Visual attention, a cognitive function involving search, selection, and switching, plays an important role in driving risk among older drivers. In the current study, key driving maneuvers involving interaction with other vehicles/pedestrians, such as yielding right of way and negotiating safe turns or merges, have the greatest association with visual attention. Specification of both the cognitive risk factors and their impact on problematic driving maneuvers may provide guidelines for developing targeted interventions to reduce risk among older adults.
Beamforming for Magnetic Induction Based Wireless Power Transfer Systems with Multiple Receivers

Magnetic induction (MI) based communication and power transfer systems have gained an increased attention in the recent years. Typical applications for these systems lie in the area of wireless charging, near-field communication, and wireless sensor networks. For an optimal system performance, the power efficiency needs to be maximized. Typically, this optimization refers to the impedance matching and tracking of the split-frequencies. However, an important role of magnitude and phase of the input signal has been mostly overlooked. Especially for the wireless power transfer systems with multiple transmitter coils, the optimization of the transmit signals can dramatically improve the power efficiency. In this work, we propose an iterative algorithm for the optimization of the transmit signals for a transmitter with three orthogonal coils and multiple single coil receivers. The proposed scheme significantly outperforms the traditional baseline algorithms in terms of power efficiency.
Induction of the calcineurin variant CnAβ1 after myocardial infarction reduces post-infarction ventricular remodelling by promoting infarct vascularization.

AIMS Ventricular remodelling following myocardial infarction progressively leads to loss of contractile capacity and heart failure. Although calcineurin promotes maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy, we recently showed that the calcineurin splicing variant, CnAβ1, has beneficial effects on the infarcted heart. However, whether this variant limits necrosis or improves remodelling is still unknown, precluding translation to the clinical arena. Here, we explored the effects and therapeutic potential of CnAβ1 overexpression post-infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS Double transgenic mice with inducible cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of CnAβ1 underwent left coronary artery ligation followed by reperfusion. Echocardiographic analysis showed depressed cardiac function in all infarcted mice 3 days post-infarction. Induction of CnAβ1 overexpression 1 week after infarction improved function and reduced ventricular dilatation. CnAβ1-overexpressing mice showed shorter, thicker scars, and reduced infarct expansion, accompanied by reduced myocardial remodelling. CnAβ1 induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in cardiomyocytes, which resulted in increased infarct vascularization. This paracrine angiogenic effect of CnAβ1 was mediated by activation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and VEGF. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CnAβ1 exerts beneficial effects on the infarcted heart by promoting infarct vascularization and preventing infarct expansion. These findings emphasize the translational potential of CnAβ1 for gene-based therapies.
Understanding Priming Effects in Social Psychology: An Overview and Integration

Although much debate has recently focused on the robustness of certain types of priming effects in social psychology, few attempts have been made to examine the full breadth of this literature and consider what is known about priming and what is still left to learn. The goal of this special issue of Social Cognition was to provide such consideration. This final article of the special issue provides a brief overview and integration of the insights provided in each of the other articles included, focusing primarily on revelations about (a) the greater need for clarity and precision in conceptualizing and communicating about priming effects, (b) the issues concerning expectations of replication and when priming effects should occur, and (c) the new insights about the psychological processes by which primes activate stored representations and by which these activated representations are applied to judgment and behavior.
Integrins a v b 3 and a 5 b 1 Mediate Attachment of Lyme Disease Spirochetes to Human Cells

Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato), the agent of Lyme disease, is able to cause chronic, multisystemic infections in human and animal hosts. Attachment of the spirochete to host cells is likely to be important for the colonization of diverse tissues. The platelet-specific integrin aIIbb3 was previously identified as a receptor for all three species of Lyme disease spirochetes (B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, and B. afzelii). Here we show that B. burgdorferi also recognizes the widely expressed integrins avb3 and a5b1, known as the vitronectin and fibronectin receptors, respectively. Three representatives of each species of Lyme disease spirochete were tested for the ability to bind to purified avb3 and a5b1. All of the strains tested bound to at least one integrin. Binding to one integrin was not always predictive of binding to other integrins, and several different integrin preference profiles were identified. Attachment of the infectious B. burgdorferi strain N40 to purified avb3 and a5b1 was inhibited by RGD peptides and the appropriate receptor-specific antibodies. Binding to avb3 was also shown by using a transfected cell line that expresses this receptor but not aIIbb3. Attachment of B. burgdorferi N40 to human erythroleukemia cells and to human saphenous vein endothelial cells was mediated by both a5b1 and avb3. Our results show that multiple integrins mediate attachment of Lyme disease spirochetes to host cells.
The Importance of Mechanics in Journalistic Writing: A Study of Reporters and Editors

These authors asked 86 reporters and their editors to fill out some measures of their knowledge of language mechanics and writing ability. The study found that editors judge reporters according to three major factors: writing mechanics, expressive skills, and journalistic abilities. Reporters judge themselves very similarly. On some tasks, college English majors scored better than did other types of college majors.
Imaging transporters: Transforming diagnostic and therapeutic development

Molecular imaging allows noninvasive assessment of drug distribution across pharmacological barriers. Thus, it plays an increasingly important role in efforts to understand the interactions of molecules with membrane transporters during drug development and in clinical pharmacology. We describe established and emerging imaging modalities utilized for studying transporter expression and function. We further present examples of how molecular imaging could provide insights into the contribution of transporters to drug disposition and effects.