Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anti-Mesothelin Antibodies and Circulating Mesothelin Relate to the Clinical State in Ovarian Cancer Patients

Most human ovarian carcinomas express mesothelin, which is shed as a diagnostically useful biomarker. We applied an ELISA to measure antibodies to native mesothelin in serum from a series of patients with divergent clinical outcomes. The level of anti-mesothelin antibodies determined as OD450 nm and referred to as absorption units (AU) for 1:20 diluted serum was higher in patients who remained disease-free after therapy [no evidence of disease (NED); n = 14] than in patients whose disease recurred [clinical evidence of disease (CED); n = 21; P < 0.01]. Applying AU ≥ 0.5 at a serum dilution of 1:20 as cutoff, 10 of 14 (71%) ovarian carcinoma patients with NED and 9 of 21 (43%) patients with CED had antibodies to mesothelin compared with 6 of 23 (26%) healthy women (P < 0.008) and 5 of 24 (21%) women with other benign gynecologic diseases (P < 0.003), whereas 7 of 9 (78%) of women with pelvic inflammatory disease were positive. Three of the 14 (21%) NED patients had circulating mesothelin detected as an AU ≥ 0.2 at a serum dilution of 1:40 (P < 0.005) compared with 15 of 21 (71%) CED patients, and 9 of 14 (64%) NED patients (P < 0.0002) were positive for antibodies and negative for antigen compared with 1 of 21 (5%) CED patients. Although our data indicate that an antibody response to mesothelin is an important correlate of ovarian carcinoma, prospective studies are needed to show whether the measurement of such antibodies (alone or together with antigen) aids the diagnosis and monitoring of patients. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(6):1520–6)
A CO survey of the southwest half of M 31

A CO survey of most of the southwest half of M 31 at an effective angular resolution of 1 0 has been performed with the 14-m radiotelescope of the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory QUARRY receiver array. At the 200 pc linear res- olution of this instrument at the distance of M 31 (690 kpc), the CO emission, already known to peak in a broad Population I ring 10 kpc in radius, is found to be concentrated in two spiral arm segments, Baade's (1963) S3 and S4, both well defined in space and velocity. Fainter CO emission features are also de- tected further from the center, mainly in the outer arm S5, and closer to the center. The prominent molecular arms S3 and S4 are aligned with dust and atomic counterparts. At the intersection of S4 with the major axis, there is an offset between the arm defined by gas and dust and that defined by the classical tracers of Population I objects. The Hii regions are mostly concentrated along the outer edge of the gaseous arm, and the OB associations are found even further out. However, no significant streaming motions are detected across the arm. Although overall M 31 is several times fainter in CO than the Milky Way, the CO distributions in the two galaxies are similar in certain respects. The prominent molecular spiral arm S4 in M 31 is very much like the Carina arm in our Galaxy at the same galactocentric radius, and beyond a radius of about 8 kpc (the solar circle), M 31 and the Milky Way are very similar in their molecular content. The overall difference in CO intensity between the two galaxies originates in the inner 7 kpc where M 31 is very dim and the Milky Way very bright. However, even in this inner region, common features are found. First, the ratio between the CO intensity and the Hi column density changes in the same way with galactocentric radius in both systems, rising inwards to about 2-3 kpc from the center. Second, the molecular gas in the inner two kiloparsecs appears in both cases to follow a perturbed kinematics, perhaps as a result of a stellar bar.
Compact Large-Signal Shot-Noise Model for HBTs

A new description of the shot noise in HBTs is proposed that accounts for the correlation of the sources. It can easily be included in large-signal models, thus significantly improving the RF noise description. Common nonlinear bipolar transistor models thus far neglect the correlation, which deteriorates the model accuracy towards higher frequencies. It is shown that the collector delay in InGaP/GaAs HBTs dominates the shot noise correlation. Hence, the collector time-delay description of the large-signal model is capable of providing suitable noise correlation time constants. The model is verified against measurements of InGaP/GaAs HBTs with three different epitaxial layer designs.
Glioma Stem Cells and Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Malignant Gliomas

Stem cell research has led to the discovery of glioma stem cells (GSCs), and because these cells are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, analysis of their properties has been rapidly pursued for targeted treatment of malignant glioma. Recent studies have also revealed complex crosstalk between GSCs and their specialized environment (niche). Therefore, targeting not only GSCs but also their niche may be a principle for novel therapies of malignant glioma. One possible novel strategy for targeting GSCs and their niches is immunotherapy with different antitumor mechanism(s) from those of conventional therapy. Recent clinical studies of immunotherapy using peptide vaccines and antibodies have shown promising results. This review describes the recent findings related to GSCs and their niches, as well as immunotherapies for glioma, followed by discussion of immunotherapies that target GSCs for the treatment of malignant glioma.
Quantitative Molecular Scaling Theory of Protein Amino Acid Sequences, Structure, and Functionality

Here we review the development of protein scaling theory, starting from backgrounds in mathematics and statistical mechanics, and leading to biomedical applications. Evolution has organized each protein family in different ways, but scaling theory is both simple and effective in providing readily transferable dynamical insights complementary for many proteins represented in the 90 thousand static structures contained in the online Protein Data Base (PDB). Scaling theory is a simplifying magic wand that enables one to search the hundreds of millions of protein articles in the Web of Science, and identify those proteins that present new cost-effective methods for early detection and/or treatment of disease through individual protein sequences (personalized medicine). Critical point theory is general, and recently it has proved to be the most effective way of describing protein networks that have evolved towards nearly perfect functionality in given environments (self-organized criticality). Evolutionary patterns are governed by common scaling principles, which can be quantified using scales that have been developed bioinformatically by studying thousands of PDB structures. The most effective scales involve either hydropathic globular sculpting interactions averaged over length scales centered on membrane dimensions, or exposed beta strand propensities associated with aggregative (strong) protein-protein interactions.
Improved Approximation Guarantees for Packing and Covering Integer Programs

Several important NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems can be posed as packing/covering integer programs; the randomized rounding technique of Raghavan and Thompson is a powerful tool with which to approximate them well. We present one elementary unifying property of all these integer linear programs and use the FKG correlation inequality to derive an improved analysis of randomized rounding on them. This yields a pessimistic estimator, thus presenting deterministic polynomial-time algorithms for them with approximation guarantees that are significantly better than those known.
High-Efficiency Single-Ended Class- ${\hbox{E/F}}_{2}$ Power Amplifier With Finite DC Feed Inductor

In this paper, a single-ended class-E/F2 amplifier with a finite dc feed (FDC) inductor is proposed. In comparison to the other types of class-E amplifiers, a second harmonic parallel resonator at the drain node and an FDC feed inductor are its distinguished characteristics. The optimum operations for theoretical 100% drain efficiency are analyzed and simulated to show the performance improvements of this configuration on power output capability, maximum frequency, and load resistance compared to some previously published results. Design equations and parameters are given in lookup tables using numerical results. An example amplifier is given as a quick design guide, and from the measured results it offers 2.36-W output power, 86.6% drain efficiency, and 19.7-dB gain at 61.44 MHz.
Barhl1 Regulates Migration and Survival of Cerebellar Granule Cells by Controlling Expression of the Neurotrophin-3 Gene

The neurons generated at the germinal rhombic lip undergo long distance migration along divergent pathways to settle in widely dispersed locations within the hindbrain, giving rise to cerebellar granule cells and precerebellar nuclei. Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) signaling has been shown to be required for proper migration and survival of cerebellar granule cells. The molecular bases that govern NT-3 expression within the cerebellum, however, remain unknown at present. Here we report that, during early mouse neurogenesis, the Barhl1 homeobox gene is highly expressed by the rhombic lip and rhombic lip-derived migratory neurons. Its expression is later restricted to cerebellar granule cells and precerebellar neurons extending mossy fibers, two groups of neurons that synaptically connect in the adult cerebellar system. Loss of Barhl1 function causes cerebellar phenotypes with a striking similarity to those of NT-3 conditional null mice, which include attenuated cerebellar foliation as well as defective radial migration and increased apoptotic death of granule cells. Correlating with these defects, we find that NT-3 expression is dramatically downregulated in granule cells of the posterior lobe of Barhl1–/– cerebella. Moreover, in the precerebellar system of Barhl1–/– mice, all five nuclei that project mossy fibers fail to form correctly because of aberrant neuronal migration and elevated apoptosis. These results suggest that Barhl1 plays an essential role in the migration and survival of cerebellar granule cells and precerebellar neurons and functionally link Barhl1 to the NT-3 signaling pathway during cerebellar development.
SNR Estimation in Maximum Likelihood Decoded Spatial Multiplexing

Link adaptation is a crucial part of many modern communications systems, allowing the system to adapt the transmission and reception strategies to changes in channel conditions. One of the fundamental components of the link adaptation mechanism is signal to noise ratio (SNR) estimation, measuring the instantaneous (mostly post processing) SNR at the receiver. That is, the SNR at the decoder input, which is an important metric for the prediction of decoder performance. In linearly decoded MIMO, which is the common MIMO decoding strategy, the post processing SNR is well defined. However, this is not the case in optimal maximum likelihood (ML) decoding applied to spatial multiplexing (SM). This gap is interesting since ML decoded SM is gaining ever growing interest in recent research and practice due to the rapid increase in computation power, and available near optimal low complexity schemes. In this paper we close the gap and provide SNR estimation schemes for ML decoded SM, which are based on various approximations of the "per stream" error probability. The proposed methods are applicable for both horizonal and vertical decoding. Moreover, we propose a very low complexity implementation for the SNR estimation mechanism employing the ML decoder itself with negligible overhead.
CONTENT BASED IMAGE RETRIEVAL USING IMAGE FEATURE

Humans’ using the images for their communication is the novel process. Images involve in many fields like medicine, journalism, education and in other areas. The relevance feedback approach to image retrieval is a powerful technique and has been an active research direction for the past few years. Various ad hoc parameter estimation techniques have been proposed for relevance feedback. In addition, methods that perform optimization on multi-level image content model have been formulated. However, these methods only perform relevance feedback on the low-level image features and fail to address the images’ semantic content. In this proposed mechanism, we are using the CBIR algorithm for retrieving the images which are related to the input image. Here we are taking the texture, color and shape of the image and stored in the database. When the user asks query, then it will be matched with the database and retrieve the image. It will retrieve the exact image by comparing the texture, color and shape.
The development of perception in the preschool child.

Author(s): A. V. Zaporozhets Source: Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, Vol. 30, No. 2, European Research in Cognitive Development: Report of the International Conference on Cognitive Development (1965), pp. 82-101 Published by: Blackwell Publishing on behalf of the Society for Research in Child Development Stable URL: http://www.jstor. org/stable/1165778 Accessed: 03/04/2009 04:58
Fusion vectors: Embedding Graph Fusions for Efficient Unsupervised Rank Aggregation

The vast increase in amount and complexity of digital content led to a wide interest in ad-hoc retrieval systems in recent years. Complementary, the existence of heterogeneous data sources and retrieval models stimulated the proliferation of increasingly ingenious and effective rank aggregation functions. Although recently proposed rank aggregation functions are promising with respect to effectiveness, existing proposals in the area usually overlook efficiency aspects. We propose an innovative rank aggregation function that is unsupervised, intrinsically multimodal, and targeted for fast retrieval and top effectiveness performance. We introduce the concepts of embedding and indexing of graph-based rank-aggregation representation models, and their application for search tasks. Embedding formulations are also proposed for graph-based rank representations. We introduce the concept of fusion vectors, a late-fusion representation of objects based on ranks, from which an intrinsically rank-aggregation retrieval model is defined. Next, we present an approach for fast retrieval based on fusion vectors, thus promoting an efficient rank aggregation system. Our method presents top effectiveness performance among state-of-the-art related work, while bringing novel aspects of multimodality and effectiveness. Consistent speedups are achieved against the recent baselines in all datasets considered.
The effects of organic acids, phytates and polyphenols on the absorption of iron from vegetables

1. Non-haem iron absorption from a variety of vegetable meals was studied in parous Indian Women, using the erythrocyte utilization of radioactive Fe method. 2. The studies were undertaken to establish whether Fe absorption could be correlatedwith the chemical composition of the foodstuff. 3. Addition of the following organic acids commonly found in vegetables, improved the geometric mean Fe absorption from a basic rice meal as follows: from 0·028 to 0·085 with 1 g citric acid, from 0·031 to 0·081 with 15 mg ascorbic acid, from 0·048 to 0·095 with 1 g L-malic acid, from 0·041 to 0·096 with 1 g tartaric acid. The only exception was oxalic acid; the addition of 1 g calciumoxalate to cabbage (Brassica oleraceae) was associated with some depression in Fe absorption from 0·320 to 0·195. 4. There was a marked inhibition of the geometric mean absorption when 500 mg tannic acid was added to a broccoli (Brassica oleraceae) meal (0·015 v. 0·297). Sodium phytate (2 g) caused a similar, though less profound inhibition (0·035 to 0·152). 5. When 3 mg ferrous sulphate was added to different vegetables the geometric mean absorption varied widely. Vegetables of low Fe bioavailability were wheat germ (Triticum aestivum) 0·007, aubergine (Solanum melongena) 0·007, butter beans (Phaseolus lunatus) 0·012, spinach (Spinacea oleraceae) 0·014, brown lentils (Lens culinaris) 0·024, beetroot greens (Beta vulgaris) 0·024 and green lentils (Lens culinaris) 0·032. In contrast, bioavailability was moderate or good with carrot (Daucus carota) 0·098, potato (Solanum tuberosum) 0·115, beetroot (Beta vulgaris) 0·185, pumpkin (Cucurbita mixta) 0·206, broccoli 0·260, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) 0·224, cauliflower (Brassica oleraceae) 0·263, cabbage 0·320, turnip (Brassica rapa) 0·327 and sauerkraut 0·327. 6. All the vegetables associated with moderate or good Fe bioavailability contained appreciable amounts of one or more of the organic acids, malic, citric and ascorbic acids. 7. Poor Fe bioavailability was noted in vegetables with high phytate contents (e.g. wheat germ 0·007, butter beans 0·012, brown lentils 0·024 and green lentils 0·032). 8. The fact that a number of vegetables associated with low Fe-absorption turned bluish-black when Fe was added to them, suggested that the total polyphenol content in them was high. The vegetables included aubergine spinach, brown lentils, green lentils and beetroot greens. When the total polyphenol content in all the vegetables tested was formally measured, there was a significant inverse correlation (r 0·859, P < 0·001) between it and Fe absorption. The inverse correlation between the non-hydrolysable polyphenol content and Fe absorption was r 0·901 (P < 0·001). 9. The major relevance of these findings is the fact that the total absorption of non-haem-Fe from a mixed diet may be profoundly influenced by the presence of single vegetables with either marked enhancing or inhibiting effects on Fe bioavailability.
The Map-Coloring Game

1. INTRODUCTION. Suppose that Alice wants to color a planar map using four colors in a proper way, that is, so that any two adjacent regions get different colors. Despite the fact that she knows for certain that it is eventually possible, she may fail in her first attempts. Indeed, there are usually many proper partial colorings not extend-able to proper colorings of the whole map. Thus, if she is unlucky, she may accidentally create such a bad partial coloring. Now suppose that Alice asks Bob to help her in this task. They color the regions of a map alternately, with Alice going first. Bob agrees to cooperate by respecting the rule of a proper coloring. However, for some reason he does not want the job to be completed—his secret aim is to achieve a bad partial coloring. (For instance, he may wish to start the coloring procedure over and over again just to stay longer in Alice's company.) Is it possible for Alice to complete the coloring somehow, in spite of Bob's insidious plan? If not, then how many additional colors are needed to guarantee that the map can be successfully colored, no matter how clever Bob is? This map-coloring game was invented about twenty-five years ago by Steven J. Brams with the hope of finding a game-theoretic proof of the Four Color Theorem, avoiding perhaps the use of computers. Though this approach has not been successful, at least we are left with a new, intriguing map-coloring problem: What is the fewest number of colors allowing a guaranteed win for Alice in the map-coloring game in the plane? Brams's game was published by Martin Gardner in his " Mathematical Games " column in Scientific American in 1981. Surprisingly, it remained unnoticed by the graph-theoretic community until ten years later, when it was reinvented by Hans L. Bodlaen-der [1] in the wider context of general graphs. In this version Alice and Bob play as before by coloring properly the vertices of a graph G. The game chromatic number χ g (G) of G is the smallest number of colors for which Alice has a winning strategy. As every map is representable by a graph whose edges correspond to adjacent regions of the map, Brams's question is equivalent to determining the game chromatic number of planar graphs. Since then the problem has been analyzed in serious combinatorial journals and gained the …
Time Delay Prediction Method Based on EMD and Elman Neural Network

The time-delay in the teleoperation system is an important parameter affecting the stability and performance. A time delay prediction method based on EMD(Empirical Mode Decomposition) and Elman neural network is proposed in this paper. Firstly, time delay sequence is separated into IMFs by EMD, then the first several IMFs are subtracted from time delay signals as noise. The sum of rest IMFs are taken as the input of Elman neural network to predict. Finally, computer simulation of teleoperation is built. The results of experiments indicate that the proposed method based on EMD and Elman neural network is more accurate and has better prediction ability than which is predicted by Elman neural network directly.
Development of a ball drive unit using partially sliding rollers — An alternative mechanism for semi-omnidirectional motion —

There are several works on mobile robots that employed a single ball as their wheel. Each of them used a kind of inverted pendulum control and a specific ball drive mechanism. The requirement for the mechanism is to roll the ball in two orthogonal directions for maintaining robot attitude and traveling on a two dimensional surface. In addition to these rolling motions, rotation around a vertical axis is useful for turning the robot body. The author developed robots that used wheels for omnidirectional motion of the ball in previous works. However, the wheel was complex to produce in large quantities and expensive. The purpose of the work described in this paper is to develop a new simpler mechanism with drivability almost comparable to previous driving mechanism but lower in cost. The idea of a roller with semi-passive features and a ball drive mechanism are described as well as experimental results using a robot with the proposed mechanism.
A Virtual Field Practicum: Building Core Competencies Prior to Agency Placement

ABSTRACT Providing effective services to clients with increasingly severe challenges in an era of fiscal constraints calls for schools of social work to assume greater responsibility for preparing interns for clinical practice. This article describes a virtual field practicum (VFP), an online skill-building experience designed to meet this need and reports preliminary findings. The VFP employs client simulation and other experiential activities; its intent is to foster student acquisition of core competencies prior to agency placement. Longitudinal data were collected on VFP students and their traditional counterparts across 4 semesters. Results show that VFP students performed as well, if not slightly better, on competency measures than traditional students, suggesting that this model is a viable option for educators to consider.
Stream Differential Equations: concrete formats for coinductive definitions

In this article we give an accessible introduction to stream differential equations, ie. , equations that take the shape of differential equations from analysis and that are used to define infinite streams. Furthermore we discuss a syntactic format for stream differential equations that ensures that any system of equations that fits into the format has a unique solution. It turns out that the stream functions that can be defined using our format are precisely the causal stream functions. Finally, we are going to discuss non-standard stream calculus that uses basic (co-)operations different from the usual head and tail operations in order to define and to reason about streams and stream functions.