Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Faculty service roles and the scholarship of engagement

Foreword.Acknowledgments. Contemporary Contexts for Service: The Engaged Campus.The Many Meanings of Service.Forces Shaping Contemporary Calls for Engagement.Engagement as a Response to these Challenges and Trends.The Role of Service in Engagement.The Legacy of Service in Higher Education.The Colonial College (1636-1770). The Denominational College (1770-1860). The Research University (1860-1945). Mass Education (1945-1975). The Contemporary Era (1975-present). Conclusion.Internal Service: Faculty at Work as Institutional and Disciplinary Citizens.Service to the Campus.Service to the Discipline.Service to Students.The Difference That Difference Makes.Conclusion. External Service: Faculty at Work Meeting Societal Needs.A Word About Nomenclature.Extension. Consulting.Service-Learning. & lt p> Community-Based Action Research.Community and Civic Service.The Difference That Difference Makes.Linking Service to Scholarship.Definitions of Scholarship.Scholarship of Engagement.Assessment and the Scholarship of Engagement.Faculty Motivation and the Scholarship of Engagement.Scholarship of Engagement in Practice.An Integrated View of Faculty Work.Moving Toward Engagement: Policy Questions and Their Responses.Recommendations for Research and Practice.References. Index.
Methamphetamine Self-Administration and Voluntary Exercise Have Opposing Effects on Medial Prefrontal Cortex Gliogenesis

Psychostimulant abuse produces deficits in prefrontal cortex (PFC) function, whereas physical activity improves PFC-dependent cognition and memory. The present study explored the vulnerability of medial PFC (mPFC) precursor proliferation and survival to methamphetamine self-administration and voluntary exercise, factors that may have opposing effects on mPFC plasticity to facilitate functional consequences. Intermittent 1 h access to methamphetamine (I-ShA) increased, but daily 1 and 6 h access decreased, proliferation and survival, with dose-dependent effects on mature cell phenotypes. All groups showed increased cell death. Voluntary exercise enhanced proliferation and survival but, in contrast to methamphetamine exposure, did not alter cell death or mature phenotypes. Furthermore, enhanced cell survival by I-ShA and voluntary exercise had profound effects on gliogenesis with differential regulation of oligodendrocytes versus astrocytes. In addition, new cells in the adult mPFC stain for the neuronal marker neuronal nuclear protein, although enhanced cell survival by I-ShA and voluntary exercise did not result in increased neurogenesis. Our findings demonstrate that mPFC gliogenesis is vulnerable to psychostimulant abuse and physical activity with distinct underlying mechanisms. The susceptibility of mPFC gliogenesis to even modest doses of methamphetamine could account for the pronounced pathology linked to psychostimulant abuse.
Courage and Consequence: My Life as a Conservative in the Fight

Known as 'the Architect' of George W Bush's presidency, Karl Rove's access to Bush and view of his presidency is unparalleled. In this memoir, Rove takes the reader into the heart of Bush's rise to the Texas governorship and behind closed doors in the White House. Rove describes what it takes to win elections - from his first race in a high school gymnasium to those on the national stage - and what you need to do once you've won. Rove learned about the cost of his Republican affiliation at a young age, when a JFK supporter down the street pushed him off his bicycle and beat him up for supporting Nixon. Since then, Rove has devoted his life to conservative politics - and he has been accused of everything from campaign chicanery to being a war criminal. Here, he sets the record straight, responds frankly to his critics, and passionately articulates the reasoning behind the choices he made during campaigns and in the White House. With never-before-told details about his own controversial career, the legacy of the Bush presidency, and America during its most trying moments, Rove intimately relates the joys and pains of a life in service of conservative conviction.
Utilising a biomass-to-energy solution to improve small scale grower returns in the Nkomazi District of Mpumalanga.

The small scale grower sector in Mpumalanga is declining rapidly. Yields continue to fall, resulting in 34% of small scale growers being reliant on industry grants to generate a remuneration surplus. As there is little return to management effort, growers are exiting the sector. This has a detrimental impact on rural livelihoods, and declining cane supply places additional pressure on a very capital intensive milling sector. The sector faces these challenges despite South African sugarcane farmers being the custodians of one of the largest reservoirs of short cycle renewable biomass. An opportunity exists to arrest the decline in this critical rural development catalyst by developing markets for biomass. This study succeeded in matching the existing reservoir of biomass in the Nkomazi District of Mpumalanga Province with appropriate thermochemical technology to create a new market for growers. Detailed feedstock studies indicate a sustainable source of biomass, while logistics studies optimise the efficiencies associated with biomass. The technological and market studies suggest that slow pyrolysis offers the simplest technology and that charcoal offers the most direct route to market. The establishment of one pyrolysis plant in the Nkomazi District is likely to create 29 direct employment opportunities. By offering small scale growers a cash payment for their biomass collected infield, the proposed enterprise generates an internal rate of return which exceeds the estimated weighted average cost of capital. This study indicates that the pyrolysis process makes it possible to improve grower revenue by creating a market for biomass. This market may also offer growers an opportunity to mitigate their monopsonistic position in the sugar and molasses markets by owning the value addition as well as the raw material.
Evaluating the Accuracy of Fault Localization Techniques

We investigate claims and assumptions made in several recent papers about fault localization (FL) techniques. Most of these claims have to do with evaluating FL accuracy. Our investigation centers on a new subject program having properties useful for FL experiments. We find that Tarantula (Jones et al.) works well on the program, and we show weak support for the assertion that coverage-based test suites help Tarantula to localize faults. Baudry et al. used automatically-generated mutants to evaluate the accuracy of an FL technique that generates many distinct scores for program locations. We find no evidence to suggest that the use of mutants for this purpose is invalid. However, we find evidence that the standard method for evaluating FL accuracy is unfairly biased toward techniques that generate many distinct scores, and we propose a fairer method of accuracy evaluation. Finally, Denmat et al. suggest that data mining techniques may apply to FL. We investigate this suggestion with the data mining tool Weka, using standard techniques for evaluating the accuracy of data mining classifiers. We find that standard classifiers suffer from the class imbalance problem. However, we find that adding cost information improves accuracy.
Trajectory-Based Task Allocation for Reliable Mobile Crowd Sensing Systems

Mobile crowd sensing (MCS) is as a promising people-centric sensing paradigm which allows ordinary citizens to contribute sensing data using mobile communication devices. In this paper we study correlation between users' mobility and their role as contributors in MCS applications. We propose a new trajectory-based approach for task allocation in MCS environments and model participants' spatio-temporal competences by analyzing their mobile traces. By allocating MCS tasks only to participant who are familiar with the target location we significantly increase the reliability of contributed data and reduce total communication cost. We introduce novel metric to estimate participants' competence to conduct MCS tasks and propose fair ranking approach allowing newcomers to compete with experienced senior contributors. Additionally, we group similar expert contributors and thus open up new possibilities for physical collaboration between them. We evaluate our work using GeoLife trajectory dataset and the experimental results show the advantages of our approach.
Therapeutic Vaccination in Chronic Hepatitis B: Preclinical Studies in the Woodchuck

Recommended treatment of chronic hepatitis B with interferon-α and/or nucleos(t)ide analogues does not lead to a satisfactory result. Induction of HBV-specific T cells by therapeutic vaccination or immunotherapies may be an innovative strategy to overcome virus persistence. Vaccination with commercially available HBV vaccines in patients did not result in effective control of HBV infection, suggesting that new formulations of therapeutic vaccines are needed. The woodchuck (Marmota monax) is a useful preclinical model for developing the new therapeutic approaches in chronic hepadnaviral infections. Several innovative approaches combining antiviral treatments with nucleos(t)ide analogues, DNA vaccines, and protein vaccines were tested in the woodchuck model. In this paper we summarize the available data concerning therapeutic immunization and gene therapy using recombinant viral vectors approaches in woodchucks, which show encouraging results. In addition, we present potential innovations in immunomodulatory strategies to be evaluated in this animal model.
Digestion versus composting of straw and hay: effects on composition of biomass residues.

The effect of two decomposition processes, digestion and composting, was compared on the quality of the final residue from two substrates: hay and straw. The digestion was done by using dwarf goats on digestion crates and the composting process was simulated in buckets. Composting was allowed to continue to the same level of organic matter loss as achieved in a digestibility trial. The results indicated that the pattern of biomass decomposition, as measured by the fibre analysis in the Goering and Van Soest method, was similar between both processes and substrates. Absolute amounts of acid detergent lignin (ADL) did not change significantly throughout both decomposition processes, but the quantity of other fibre components decreased. Chemically, the ADL fraction made up a large part of the humus in the soil and though the results were variable, they suggested that the initial ADL content of a substrate indicates its humus building capacity. Concerning the nitrogen fractions, however, there were larger differences between the decomposition processes and substrates. Digestion left less nitrogen in the organic matter than composting, and the composting of straw even resulted in a net increase in nitrogen content.
Functional aspects of primate pelvic structure: a multivariate approach.

This study aims to clarify the relationship of primate bony pelvic structure to locomotor habit. As with most of the postcranial skeleton, the pelvic bones of species within the Ceboidea and the Cercopithecoidea are remarkably similar visually except for variations in size. Yet there are substantial differences in locomotor pattern between the species in these taxa. I performed canonical analyses on a sample of 17 pelvic variables describing 22 primate species of the Ceboidea, the Cercopithecoidea, and the Hominoidea to discover which variables were significant in separating them into groups. In both analyses there was good separation of major taxa and additional separation of groups that differed in locomotor habit. The separation of colobine from cercopithecine monkeys was particularly consistent. In the analysis, including all 22 species, the variables given particular weight by the canonical analysis were the same as those traditionally used by anatomists for the same purpose. Specifically, breadth of the ischial tuberosity (reflecting presence or absence of ischial callosities) separated the Old from the New World monkeys. Breadth of the iliac tuberosity, in which man and to some extent other hominoids differ from other primates, and ilium height, in which man differs from other primates, were significant. Sagittal diameter of the pelvis was also substantially weighted. Having established that the technique would select variables of anatomical significance, the same method was applied to a study of monkeys only where the characteristics that differ between groups are not well established. Breadth of the ischial tuberosity was again important in separating the Ceboidea from the Cercopithecoidea. Discrimination of locomotor groups within these large divisions was brought about mainly by ischial length and the sagittal diameter of the pelvis. In studying these variables and their relationship to size in greater detail, it was found that among cercopithecoid monkeys, the colobines showed relatively lower values than did cercopithecines for both these dimensions. Atelines showed low values for ischial length but high values for the sagittal pelvic diameter. Biomechanical explanations of these observations are suggested.
Simulating the Impact of Sectorial Productivity Gains on Two Regional Economies: Key Sectors from a Supply Side Perspective

In this paper we simulate and analyse the economic impact that sectorial productivity gains have on two regional Spanish economies (Catalonia and Extremadura). In particular we study the quantitative effect that each sectorâ€™s productivity gain has on household welfare (real disposable income and equivalent variation), on the consumption price indices and factor relative prices, on real production (GDP) and on the governmentâ€™s net income (net taxation revenues of social transfers to households). The analytical approach consists of a computable general equilibrium model, in which we assume perfect competition and cleared markets, including factor markets. All the parameters and exogenous variables of the model are calibrated by means of two social accounting matrices, one for each region under study. The results allow us to identify those sectors with the greatest impact on consumer welfare as the key sectors in the regional economies. Keywords: Productivity gains, key sectors, computable general equilibrium
Edge Map-Based Texture Synthesis via Graph Cuts

This paper presents an edge map-based texture synthesis algorithm using graph cuts to find the optimal patch boundaries. It takes the whole sample texture as a patch. In each step, an optimal patch translation with minimum match error is found, and graph cut technique is used to determine the optimal patch boundaries. In the patch translation searching process, edge map is used to measure the structural similarity, and it ensures the edge continuity better preserved. In the graph cut phase, heuristics are introduced to get around the issue that the energy function is not a metric. In this way, patch boundaries are more seamless. Experimental results show that the performance is satisfactory.
Function of the HVCN1 proton channel in airway epithelia and a naturally occurring mutation, M91T

Airways secrete considerable amounts of acid. In this study, we investigated the identity and the pH-dependent function of the apical H+ channel in the airway epithelium. In pH stat recordings of confluent JME airway epithelia in Ussing chambers, Zn-sensitive acid secretion was activated at a mucosal threshold pH of ∼7, above which it increased pH-dependently at a rate of 339 ± 34 nmol × h−1 × cm−2 per pH unit. Similarly, H+ currents measured in JME cells in patch clamp recordings were readily blocked by Zn and activated by an alkaline outside pH. Small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of HVCN1 mRNA expression in JME cells resulted in a loss of H+ currents in patch clamp recordings. Cloning of the open reading frame of HVCN1 from primary human airway epithelia resulted in a wild-type clone and a clone characterized by two sequential base exchanges (452T>C and 453G>A) resulting in a novel missense mutation, M91T HVCN1. Out of 95 human genomic DNA samples that were tested, we found one HVCN1 allele that was heterozygous for the M91T mutation. The activation of acid secretion in epithelia that natively expressed M91T HVCN1 required ∼0.5 pH units more alkaline mucosal pH values compared with wild-type epithelia. Similarly, activation of H+ currents across recombinantly expressed M91T HVCN1 required significantly larger pH gradients compared with wild-type HVCN1. This study provides both functional and molecular indications that the HVCN1 H+ channel mediates pH-regulated acid secretion by the airway epithelium. These data indicate that apical HVCN1 represents a mechanism to acidify an alkaline airway surface liquid.
Ownership Consolidation and Product Characteristics: A Study of the US Daily Newspaper Market

This paper develops a structural model of newspaper markets to analyze the effects of ownership consolidation, taking into account not only firms' price adjustments but also the adjustments in newspaper characteristics. A new dataset on newspaper prices and characteristics is used to estimate the model. The paper then simulates the effect of a merger in the Minneapolis newspaper market and studies how welfare effects of mergers vary with market characteristics. It finds that ignoring adjustments of product characteristics causes substantial differences in estimated effects of mergers.
Taurine prevents the neurotoxicity of β‐amyloid and glutamate receptor agonists: activation of GABA receptors and possible implications for Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and several other neurological disorders have been linked to the overactivation of glutamatergic transmission and exci‐totoxicity as a common pathway of neuronal injury. The β‐amyloid peptide (Aβ) is centrally related to the pathogenesis of AD, and previous reports have demon¬strated that the blockade of glutamate receptors pre¬vents Aβ‐induced neuronal death. We show that tau¬rine, a β‐amino acid found at high concentrations in the brain, protects chick retinal neurons in culture against the neurotoxicity of Aβ and glutamate receptor ago¬nists. The protective effect of taurine is not mediated by interaction with glutamate receptors, as demon¬strated by binding studies using radiolabeled glutamate receptor ligands. The neuroprotective action of taurine is blocked by picrotoxin, an antagonist of GABAA receptors. GABA and the GABAA receptor agonists phenobarbital and melatonin also protect neurons against Aβ ‐induced neurotoxicity. These results suggest that activation of GABA receptors decreases neuronal vulnerability to excitotoxic damage and that pharmaco¬logical manipulation of the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter tonus may protect neurons against a variety of insults. GABAergic transmission may repre¬sent a promising target for the treatment of AD and other neurological disorders in which excitotoxicity plays a relevant role. —Louzada, P. R. , Lima, A. C. P., Mendonca‐Silva, D. L. , Noël, F. , de Mello, F. G. , Ferreira, S. T. Taurine prevents the neurotoxicity of β‐amyloid and glutamate receptor agonists: activation of GABA receptors and possible implications for Alz¬heimer's disease and other neurological disorders.
Legal Research Report: Laws Prohibiting Alcohol Sales to Intoxicated Persons

In September 2006, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration funded the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation to conduct legal research on State statutes and regulations that pertain to alcohol sales and/or service to intoxicated people to reduce injuries and fatalities stemming from alcohol impaired driving. The research was to explore the variation in State sales to intoxicated people (SIP) laws and include examination of case law to assess how statutory language has been interpreted in court cases. The research was also to include a qualitative component that collected data on key issues specific to SIP law enforcement and adjudication practices. This report summarizes the findings of this research. Legal research findings related to six key elements: types of laws; defendants; definition of intoxication in statutory language; prohibited activities; evidentiary requirements; and penalties. The single most notable finding from the qualitative enforcement research is that SIP enforcement is relatively rare. Lack of enforcement appears to be due to three main factors: cultural norms/lack of political will to address SIP law violations; limited resources to engage in SIP enforcement operations; and statutory evidentiary provisions that make the collection of evidence overly burdensome. Other noteworthy findings concern factors that affect enforcement practice. Three case studies of State-specific enforcement and adjudication issues offer insight into SIP enforcement in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and in California and New Mexico. The report concludes with 13 “best practice” recommendations. This report is designed for policymakers, administrators, researchers, law enforcement professionals, health and safety advocacy groups, and others who are working to reduce injuries and fatalities stemming from alcohol impaired driving. The findings and best practice recommendations provide a foundation for augmenting their efforts to prevent these tragedies on the Nation’s highways with the effective application of State SIP laws.
An analysis of deadlock risk during centralized network mapping

Modern high-performance interconnection networks implement mechanisms for obtaining explicit topology information. One of these mechanisms is based on a host that explores the network in a centralized way, using “scouting” messages, for discovering the network topology. In this paper, we analyze the risk of deadlock due to such centralized mapping processes in a source-routing network, also evaluating the probability of deadlock configurations and the impact of those deadlocks on network performance.
Building IoT Applications with Raspberry Pi and Low Power IQRF Communication Modules

Typical Internet of Things (IoT) applications involve collecting information automatically from diverse geographically-distributed smart sensors and concentrating the information into more powerful computers. The Raspberry Pi platform has become a very interesting choice for IoT applications for several reasons: (1) good computing power/cost ratio; (2) high availability; it has become a de facto hardware standard; and (3) ease of use; it is based on operating systems with a big community of users. In IoT applications, data are frequently carried by means of wireless sensor networks in which energy consumption is a key issue. Energy consumption is especially relevant for smart sensors that are scattered over wide geographical areas and may need to work unattended on batteries for long intervals of time. In this scenario, it is convenient to ease the construction of IoT applications while keeping energy consumption to a minimum at the sensors. This work proposes a possible gateway implementation with specific technologies. It solves the following research question: how to build gateways for IoT applications with Raspberry Pi and low power IQRF communication modules. The following contributions are presented: (1) one architecture for IoT gateways that integrates data from sensor nodes into a higher level application based on low-cost/low-energy technologies; (2) bindings in Java and C that ease the construction of IoT applications; (3) an empirical model that describes the consumption of the communications at the nodes (smart sensors) and allows scaling their batteries; and (4) validation of the proposed energy model at the battery-operated nodes.