Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Direction Finding Antenna System for Sonobuoy Positioning

Location of a sonobuoy with respect to an airborne platform can be obtained by homing, which involves following a bearing (or azimuth course) directed towards it. A simulation study of bearing estimation of a sonobuoy from an airborne platform using 3 antenna configuration using phase interferometry has been done in this paper. Variation of phase shift in the incoming signals from sonobuoy received by the three antenna elements on airborne platform for different elevation, range, frequency and element spacing has been modelled.
Design of Aperture Sharing Thick Patch Antenna Array for Dual-band 5G Communications

This study proposes an aperture sharing thick patch antenna (TPA) for dual-band applications. A TPA is utilized to construct a Ka-band Circular Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) cavity with a double slot elements acting as radiators. A Circular SIW cavity-backed antenna array elements are excited with the 1 to 4 SIW power divider. The entire thick patch antenna consist of Ka-band elements is fed with an aperture coupled feeding network. Mutual interference between two different band antenna elements is avoided by using SIW structure. The proposed antenna's peak gain value obtaining in broadside direction is 7.7 dBi at 3.7 GHz and 7.2 dBi at 28 GHz. By sharing the same aperture the antenna is intended to apply for large frequency ratio applications like 5G and satellite communications.
A 112-Gb/s —8.2-dBm Sensitivity 4-PAM Linear TIA in 16-nm CMOS With Co-Packaged Photodiodes

A flip-chip co-packaged linear transimpedance amplifier (TIA) in 16-nm fin field effect transistor (FinFET) CMOS demonstrating 112-Gb/s four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (4-PAM) with −8.2-dBm sensitivity is presented in support for optical receivers required in the next-generation intra-data center links. A proposed three-stage TIA is comprised of a shunt-feedback stage followed by digitally programmable continuous-time linear equalizers (CTLEs) and a variable gain amplifier (VGA). Broadband low-noise design is achieved by having the first stage with much lower bandwidth (BW) followed by the proposed BW recovering CTLEs. A low-power design is supported by the inverter-based single-ended architecture with a single-ended-to-pseudo-differential conversion in the last stage. TIA’s BW extension is further supported by optimizing the photodiode-to-receiver (PD-to-RX) interconnect and utilizing several inductive peaking techniques. It achieves 63-dB<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> gain, 32-GHz BW, and an average input-referred current noise density of 16.9 pA/ <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sqrt {\text {Hz}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> while operating at 0.9-V supply and consuming 47-mW power. Opto-electrical measurements are performed on a co-packaged prototype comprised of identical proposed TIAs in CMOS with combinations of various commercial PDs and PD-to-RX interconnect lengths confirming 112-Gb/s 4-PAM reception meeting pre-forward error correction (FEC) symbol error rate (SER) of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4.8 \times 10 ^{-4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> without any post-equalization.
Rectangular Patch, U & H Slot Triple Band Antenna for Different Wireless Applications

In this paper, a rectangular patch microstrip line fed partial ground plane antenna for the triple band operation is developed and analyzed. For designing the antenna, low cost FR4 epoxy substrate with the overall dimensions of $80 \mathrm{mm} \times 78.93 \mathrm{mm} \times 1.58 \mathrm{mm}$ corresponds to $0.34 \lambda_0 \times 0.335 \lambda_0 \times 0.0067 \lambda_0$ is used. For creating the different resonance bands, an additional strip and combination of U-shaped and H-shaped slots are embedded on the patch. Partial ground plane ensures the bandwidth enhancement at lower resonating frequency. For inspecting the antenna performance, different parameters like reflection coefficient, gain, radiation efficiency and E, H plane radiation patterns are analyzed. CST MWS is used for the simulation purpose and simulated results shows impedance bandwidth of 1.56GHz (1.275-2.84GHz), 433MHz (3.334-3.767GHz) and 1.46GHz (6.79-8.25GHz). Gain and radiation efficiency variation of antenna is in between 2-3dBi and 67-90% respectively with omnidirectional radiation pattern. Proposed antenna ensures its applicability for GSM 1800, Wi-Fi, WLAN, WiMAX and UNII-8 bands.
Angle-Domain Common-Image Gathers for Imaging of Multiples Using Poynting Vectors

As complementary to the imaging of primaries, multiples can be used for imaging and produce additional angular illumination. These additional illumination angles can improve imaging resolution. There are several methods to calculate the angle gathers from imaging of primaries, among which the directional vector methods are matured and have been implemented in practice. For conventional directional vector algorithms using common-shot reverse time migration, usually, only one angle with the main contribution to each imaging point is collected, which is referred to as a one-shot, one-position, and one-angle mapping strategy. This strategy is appropriate for imaging of primaries; however, the principle fails in the imaging of multiples, where more than one angle exists at an imaging point even using a shot gather. Therefore, conventional directional vector approaches cannot separate different imaging angles produced by imaging of multiples. In this article, we introduce the Poynting vector method to calculate angle gathers for imaging of multiples. Based on the one-shot, one-position, and one-angle mapping strategy, we search for the peak of modulus of Poynting vectors in a time window to differentiate imaging angles at an imaging point. The ray path diagrams and angle-gather imaging conditions are used to demonstrate the improved angular illumination from imaging of multiples. Then, the arriva -time equation is derived mathematically to demonstrate wavefield arrival time differences for different imaging angles from imaging of multiples. Based on the arrival time differences, a Poynting vector algorithm is proposed to compute more than one angle at one subsurface location for imaging of multiples. Data examples are used to validate our approach.
High Gain Dual Broadband Antenna Array Using Substrate Integrated Waveguide at X/Ku Bands

In this paper, a new high gain dual band antenna array is proposed using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) for X and Ku band satellite communication applications. Two major parts of the SIW array are pair of cavity backed slot antenna and a 1 to 2 way SIW based Y-junction divider. The multimode high order resonances are excited within the cavity resonator to obtain dual broadband performance. Impedance bandwidth (BW) of the array exists between frequency ranges of 11.47-11.74 GHz (2.3 %) and 12.79-14.15 GHz (10.1 %) in the lower and higher bands. The simulated peak gain and efficiency of the array are 10.6 dBi and 94.4 % at the lower resonance and 11 dBi and 95.4 % at the higher resonance.
Study of Elements in Gamified Application Software-Examples from Starbucks

The general use of mobile devices and the popularity of application software (Apps) have made mobile Apps an important auxiliary tool in people’s lives. Gamification has become popular in life recently. This research is exploring how Apps design game mechanisms and add game elements to promote consumers’ consumption journey, increase consumers’ conversion rate at all stages, and enhance consumption motivation. The results show that the apps of Starbucks contain 11 game elements including beginner’s luck, random rewards, status point, achievement symbols, milestone unlocks, rightful heritage, evanescence opportunity, count down timer, exchangeable points, social treasure, humanity hero and water cooler satisfying the motivation of human.
Sumo (Simulation of Urban Mobility) and OSM (Open Street Map) Implementation

The Routing modeling and the VANET simulation are identical, except VANET context imposes unique challenges and needs, such as constrained road topography, cross, and side, which are fundamentally different form MANETs connection. Connectivity, traffic signals, gridlock, trip models, different vehicle speeds, driving capabilities, and locations. There are both network simulations and VANET simulators now that Iot mobility is available. This article provides a thorough analysis and comparison of several VANET simulation software and the widely accessible parts that make them up. We specifically differentiate between their GUIs, repute, simplicity of use, input needs, output visualization capabilities, and model accuracy. The last point is that each computed simulator offers a live model before being employed by the research team, more explanations and contributions are expected. This framework makes use of the “Input Path Files” feature of the OpenNet architecture and the open-source program “Urban Motion Simulation” (Sumo). Each member contributes to the OpenStreetMap, and they routinely hear from each other. Prioritizing how and what should be done will be made easier with the support of other voices during united voice. This is ensured by a continuous “thank you” for making it beautiful. The survey will assist in establishing guidelines to direct concerns to the appropriate parties, and Mapper will aid members in contributing to and sharing solutions to the issues, as well as indicate locations where responding with a specific response is appropriate. needs extra assistance. For further in-depth follow-up, we will identify specific individuals and themes. This may only be effective and helpful if there is transparent follow-up on the survey results.
Performance Analysis for Hybrid Beamforming Algorithm in 5G MIMO Wireless Communication System

This paper compares the best suited algorithm to optimize the precoder weight vector for the hybrid beamforming in 5G MIMO wireless communication system. Analysis performs for the different antenna array of the size 16x16, 8x8, 4x4, 2x2 with the mmWave operating frequency 28 GHz. Our intrigued of investigation and performance metric are spectral efficiency and bit error rate. In this paper we show, manifold optimization (MO) algorithm outperforms as compare the Orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm and optimize the precoder close to the accurate digital beamforming precoder. Further the size of antenna array and length of data stream, improve the spectral efficiency and bit error rate by great extent. MATLAB simulation result of bit error rate of wireless communication is reduced with the size of antenna array. We demonstrated our result for larger size of antenna array. The beam is more concentrated and steered in desired direction as well as the side levels is reduced in the other direction.
RCS reduction of Microstrip Patch Antenna using Ku-band Perfect Polarization Convertor Metasurface

In this paper, we discuss the design and simulation of a Ku-band Perfect Polarization Convertor Metasurface (PCM) and its use in reducing the Radar Cross Section (RCS) of microstrip patch antenna while preserving its radiation characteristics. We first arranged the designed PCM in a chessboard configuration; the metasurface divided into four quadrants, each quadrant consisting of original PCM unit cell or its mirror image. Numerically simulated results show 10 dB monostatic RCS reduction in the frequency range 13.2-20.5 GHz for normally incident y-polarized EM wave. This metasurface is integrated with conventional microstrip patch antenna enabling 10 dB monostatic RCS reduction value over wide frequency band from 13 GHz to 21 GHz (out of operating band) for normally incident y-polarized EM wave as compared to antenna without metasurface while preserving all its radiation characteristics like radiation pattern, impedance bandwidth. In addition, nearly 15dB in-band RCS reduction value is achieved at 7.34 GHz as compared to reference antenna (antenna without PCM). Thus, both in-band and out-of-band RCS of microstrip patch antenna is reduced using proposed technique.
Using CNN and Open CV, Mood Identification with Face Feature Learning

Investigation on sentimental analysis via face image identification is ongoing in the domain of human-computer interaction (HCI). With their body language and facial expressions individuals are able to communicate a wide range of feelings and experiences. In this assignment, we will use a method that enables the machine to identify individual the facial identification of human feelings with the aid of Convolution Neural Network (CNN) and OpenCV in order to recognise the real feelings from the person's face gesture. Emotion Recognition is ultimately a synthesis of data gathered from many patterns. The barrier among humans and technology will be closed if computers are able to comprehend more human emotions. In this study article, we'll show how to read a person's frontal facial expression to accurately identify emotions including neutrality, pleased, unhappy, surprised, furious, frightened, and contempt.
A Wideband X-band Phase Shifter in SIW Technology

This paper presents a wideband phase shifter based on substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Most of the SIW-based phase shifters are of narrow bandwidth because of their high dispersive characteristics. Here, a linear variation of the phase constant is targeted by using different tapering profiles. Thus, a wideband phase shifter is designed. An X-band phase shifter with a relative phase shift of 270 degrees is designed and implemented. The results show that it covers the whole X-band with a maximum insertion loss of 0.71 dB. Guidelines are provided for other phase shift values and also other frequency ranges.
A Surface Wave Launcher Designed with Biconical Monopole feed

This article presents a TM0 mode launcher with surface wave propagation on a single conductor transmission line. The launcher operates between 4.90 – 5.12 GHz frequency band and can excite the surface wave signal on a single conductor transmission line. For excitation of TM0 mode at the input port of the circular waveguide, a mode feed is also designed for converting TEM mode (Coaxial TEM) to TM0 mode with high efficiency. The suggested design is simulated using CST Simulator with 100 cm separation between the launchers. The designed launchers are attached to a single conductor transmission line. The peak efficiency (measured S21) of −5 dB is observed when the two launchers are facing each other and placed at a gap of 100 cm on SCTL. The proposed launcher supports the transmission and reception of microwave signals over existing power lines for power line communication.
Millimeter Wave SIW Fed Linearly Tapered Slot Filtenna for 5G Applications

A Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Fed linearly tapered slot Filtenna for millimeter-wave 5G applications is demonstrated in this paper. It functions fundamentally as an antipodal linearly tapered slot antenna (ALTSF) provided by a SIW feed. This study also describes the design and analysis of the SIW to Microstrip transition for mm-wave applications. The ALTSFA's recommended design has been simulated using MATLAB Antenna Toolbox software. The proposed design has a maximum gain of 10.32 dBi and a bandwidth of 23.8 GHz to 45.2GHz. The same was fabricated and the simulated and measured results are found to be in good agreement. For 5G applications, this Filtenna might be a serious competitor.
Analysis of Impairments, Error Correction and Evaluation of Adaptive Antenna Arrays Based on Vector Modulators Beamforming ICs

This paper describes the impairments, calibration, evaluation and integration of core ICs for antenna beamforming using vector modulators. The analysis of the main sources of degradation in vector modulators such as amplitude and phase imbalances, quantization noise, isolation, and phase variations with amplitude control are presented. The impact of limited isolation on the system phase margin and the accuracy of phase and amplitude is also discussed. A 4-TX and 4-RX channels vector modulator core IC with 8-bit phase resolution has been fabricated. A 2-step calibration method for phase and amplitude was employed. The phase calibration is initially performed directly at the phase measurements of the core IC with a second step for amplitude calibration carried out at the antenna array. By reducing the errors associated with the quantization noise and applying 2-step calibration for the phase and amplitude, very low sidelobe levels were obtained. New applications in the area of antenna beam forming which traditionally suffered from limited suppression of the interference due to the high sidelobe levels can be explored by realizing vector modulator core ICs with having low error sources and using separate phase and amplitude calibration techniques.
Design A 1Bit High Gain 21×21 Reconfigurable Reflectarray Antenna for X-Band Applications

This paper presented the design of a high gain electronically reflectarray antenna with a 21×21 element operating at 11.8GHz. It consists of a rectangular microstrip patch with a semicircle slot, a stack of substrate, ground plane, and two copper vias. A Pin diode is biased with a quarter wave dc line by using via. The Reflectarray element has a phase difference of 180+13.4°in operating bands 11.29-12.03 GHz. Based on the performance of the reflectarray element design and optimization of a 21×21 element RRA for +50° beam scanning in the xoy plane at 11.8 GHz. The 441-pin diode is used for steering beams.
EM Design and Analysis of FSS based Low Observable Antenna

Frequency selective characteristics of printed patterns are employed for the structural RCS reduction of planar antennas, in view of stealth applications. A high impedance FSS based electromagnetic absorber, which exhibits its absorber characteristics in Ku-K band is incorporated with an X-band patch array. Thus, this configuration can act as an absorber in the high frequency region. Further, a low pass FSS is included in the ground plane to deal with the RCS reduction in the low frequency region. A 1×4 linear patch array is designed at 8.84 GHz with cross dipole FSS-RAS elements on the substrate, along with a hybrid ground plane. This composite structure shows a maximum out-of-band structural RCS, −12.85 dBsm and −2.83 dBsm in-band structural RCS reduction without any adverse effects on the radiation performance of the reference antenna array.
Use of Artificial Intelligence in Electronic Learning Environments

The emergence of new ICT tools, smartphone applications and digital platforms has made teachers curious about how to use them in education. This has led to a number of good practices. It is questionable whether continuous and meticulous measurements with digital tools can significantly help the work, or whether the glamour of numbers can obscure the point and induce unnecessary developments and purchases.
Microcontroller based data acquisition system for Heart Rate Variability (HRV) measurement

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a reliable index and reflection of the many physiological factors modulating the normal rhythm of the heart. In fact, this provides a powerful means of observing the interplay between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Heart Rate (HR) is a non stationary signal; its variation may contain indicators of current disease, or warnings about impending cardiac diseases. The indicators may be present at all times or may occur at random during certain intervals of the day. Hence t is strenuous and time consuming to study and pinpoint abnormalities in voluminous data collected over several hours. Therefore HR variation analysis (instantaneous HR against time axis) has become a popular noninvasive tool for assessing the activities of the autonomic nervous system. Computer based analytical tools for in-depth study of data over daylong intervals can be very useful in diagnostics. Therefore, the HRV signal parameters, extracted and analyzed using computers, are highly useful in diagnostics. Here we present an inexpensive AVR microcontroller based data acquisition system with computer interface. Typical data collected is presented and analyzed using Poincare plot and Rescale Range analysis technique and thus fractal dimension of the time series of HR signal is determined and details discussed.
A Compact Broadband High Order IMPATT Based Frequency Multiplier at W-Band

Design and development of a W-band IMPact ionization Avalanche Transit-Time (IMPATT) diode based 12th order frequency multiplier circuit is presented in this paper. The 12th order multiplication is achieved in a single stage. Since no cascaded stages are used, it provides a compact solution with minimum dc power consumption. The diode is mounted in a waveguide based configuration with a coaxial Low Pass Filter (LPF) at the input and a standard WR10 waveguide port at the output of the circuit. The structure is fabricated and tested. Measured results show more than 2 dBm of output power and better than 24 dB of conversion loss at 94 GHz for an input power of 26 dBm at 7.833 GHz. RF performance has been achieved over a bandwidth of 10 GHz, while spurious and other harmonic rejection are in excess of 30 dBc and 10 dBc, respectively. Total dc power consumption of the component is only 80 mA@15V.
MIMO-NOMA oriented CRN Physical Layer Security on Imperfect CSI using Power Optimization and Beamforming Methods

To improve the PLS for a MIMONOMA-based CRN, this paper proposes a transmit-zero-forcing beamforming technique to message alignment, using the ideal channel state data available at the earth station. The above investigation makes use of a large constructability of several cells. Every group has a “primary user” and a “alternate user” who are responsible for implementing the CRN. Both the PU and SU of each cell are assigned locations at random. Finally, when only imperfect CSI is available at the ground station, we propose an eigen wideband technique to enhance the PLS for a CRN based on MIMO-NOMA. Optimal power allocation algorithms are created for both wideband methods to further improve the PLS. Finally, a closed-form expression for the probability of data lost due to Nakagami-m multi-path fading is presented. The following step involves contrasting the results of simulation studies and other methods currently in use with this statement.
Vibration reduction at desired locations on a beam by creating nodes using tunable vibration neutralizers

Vibration neutralizers provide an effective method of attenuating tonal vibrations within a structure. In this paper, variable stiffness vibration neutralizers are used to impose zero displacement or nodes to reduce vibration at desired locations on a Euler-Bernoulli beam subjected to forced harmonic excitation. An iterative procedure is developed to find the required resonance frequencies of neutralizers to create nodes at selected locations. Numerical tests are performed to show the viability of the procedure that is developed. Experimental tests are conducted and results are compared with those obtained by numerical tests.