Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison and Function in Children's Object Categorization

Although young children often rely on salient perceptual cues, such as shape, when categorizing novel objects, children shift towards deeper relational reasoning when they compare category members or attend to functional properties. In this study, we investigated the independent and combined effects of comparison and function in children’s categorization of novel objects. Across two experiments, we found that comparing two perceptually similar category members led children to discover non-obvious relational features that supported their categorization of novel objects. Together, these findings underscore the difficulty in categorizing novel objects but demonstrate that comparison may aid in this process by rendering less obvious relational structures more salient, thus inducing a shift towards a categorical rather than perceptual response.
Wettability and microstructure of Sn-Ag-Cu-In solder

In order to improve the properties of Sn-1.2Ag-0.6Cu solder,small amount of In(0~1.0%) was added to the base alloys,the melting temperatures of alloys were tested,and the effect of In on the wettability and microstructure of solder alloy was studied.The melting temperature decreases with the addition of In.At the same soldering temperature,the lower melting temperature is,the higher superheat is,thus the viscosity of liquid solder is decreased and fluidity is improved.The zero time of Sn-1.2Ag-0.6Cu in air is below 1s at 260℃,while the zero time of Sn-1.2Ag-0.6Cu-1.0In in N2 atomsphere is below 1s at 250℃,meeting the demand of IPC/EIA J-STD-003B.The Ag3Sn in Sn-1.2Ag-0.6Cu alloy becomes coarser with 1.0% In added,which is harmful to the mechanical properties.Thenefore,the content of In addition into the Sn-1.2Ag-0.6Cu is not higher than 1.0%.
Calcium handling in cerebellar Purkinje neurons with the malignant hyperthermia mutation , RyR 1-Y 522 S / +

To investigate the etiology of malignant hyperthermia and central core dis ease, mouse models have recently been generated and characterized (Chelu et al., 2006). These RyR knock-in mutant mice provide an excellent tool to investigate calcium dysregulation, its pathological consequences, and potential therapeutic approac hes. Skeletal muscle harboring this mutation exhibits calcium leak from internal stores and an increased sensitivity to activation by caffeine, voltage, and temperature (D ham et al., 2008). Although alterations in RyR1 channel function and resultant changes in cellular function have been characterized in skeletal muscle, the effects of MH mutations in RyR1 on central nervous system function have not been investigated. Since RyR1 is highly expressed in cerebellar Purkinje neurons, our goal is to investigate whether the RyR mutation causes altered calcium handling and whether potential calcium dysreg ulation alters cellular function.
A New Organellar Complex in Rat Sympathetic Neurons

Membranous compartments of neurons such as axons, dendrites and modified primary cilia are defining features of neuronal phenotype. This is unlike organelles deep to the plasma membrane, which are for the most part generic and not related directly to morphological, neurochemical or functional specializations. However, here we use multi-label immunohistochemistry combined with confocal and electron microscopy to identify a very large (∼6 microns in diameter), entirely intracellular neuronal organelle which occurs singly in a ubiquitous but neurochemically distinct and morphologically simple subset of sympathetic ganglion neurons. Although usually toroidal, it also occurs as twists or rods depending on its intracellular position: tori are most often perinuclear whereas rods are often found in axons. These ‘loukoumasomes’ (doughnut-like bodies) bind a monoclonal antibody raised against beta-III-tubulin (SDL.3D10), although their inability to bind other beta-III-tubulin monoclonal antibodies indicate that the responsible antigen is not known. Position-morphology relationships within neurons and their expression of non-muscle heavy chain myosin suggest a dynamic structure. They associate with nematosomes, enigmatic nucleolus-like organelles present in many neural and non-neural tissues, which we now show to be composed of filamentous actin. Loukoumasomes also separately interact with mother centrioles forming the basal body of primary cilia. They express gamma tubulin, a microtubule nucleator which localizes to non-neuronal centrosomes, and cenexin, a mother centriole-associated protein required for ciliogenesis. These data reveal a hitherto undescribed organelle, and depict it as an intracellular transport machine, shuttling material between the primary cilium, the nematosome, and the axon.
Associations between dietary inflammatory index and inflammatory markers in the Asklepios Study

Previous research has shown that nutrients and certain food items influence inflammation. However, little is known about the associations between diet, as a whole, and inflammatory markers. In the present study, we examined the ability of a FFQ-derived dietary inflammatory index (DII) to predict inflammation. Data from a Belgian cross-sectional study of 2524 generally healthy subjects (age 35–55 years) were used. The DII is a population-based, literature-derived dietary index that was developed to predict inflammation and inflammation-related chronic diseases. The DII was calculated from FFQ-derived dietary information and tested against inflammatory markers, namely C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, homocysteine and fibrinogen. Analyses were performed using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for energy, age, sex, BMI, smoking status, education level, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, blood pressure, use of oral contraceptives, anti-hypertensive therapy, lipid-lowering drugs and physical activity. Multivariable analyses showed significant positive associations between the DII and the inflammatory markers IL-6 (>1·6 pg/ml) (OR 1·19, 95 % CI 1·04, 1·36) and homocysteine (>15 μmol/l) (OR 1·56, 95 % CI 1·25, 1·94). No significant associations were observed between the DII and the inflammatory markers CRP and fibrinogen. These results reinforce the fact that diet, as a whole, plays an important role in modifying inflammation.
Plasmon-enhanced photodetection in nanostructures

Abstract Photodetection, which converts light into electric current, has significant importance in modern physics. For the graphene photodetector, the performance is mainly limited by its low external quantum efficiency, mainly due to its poor light absorption properties. While for the semiconductor photodetector, photocurrent generation is limited to photon energies above the band gap of the semiconductor. When a metallic nanostructure is introduced, on the one hand, the plasmon oscillations lead to a dramatic enhancement of the local electric field around graphene, resulting in a significant performance improvement of the graphene photodetector; on the other hand, hot electrons from plasmon decay can transfer across the Schottky barrier at the metal-semiconductor interface, resulting in a photocurrent, which is no longer limited to photon energies greater than the band gap of the semiconductor, but rather to photon energies above the Schottky barrier height. Here, we review typical plasmonic nanostructures for the enhancement of photodetection in graphene and other semiconductor materials.
O N THE L IMITATION OF L OCAL I NTRINSIC D IMEN-SIONALITY FOR C HARACTERIZING THE S UBSPACES OF A DVERSARIAL E XAMPLES

Understanding and characterizing the subspaces of adversarial examples aid in studying the robustness of deep neural networks (DNNs) to adversarial perturbations. Very recently, Ma et al. (2018) proposed to use local intrinsic dimensionality (LID) in layer-wise hidden representations of DNNs to study adversarial subspaces. It was demonstrated that LID can be used to characterize the adversarial subspaces associated with different attack methods, e.g., the Carlini and Wagner’s (C&W) attack and the fast gradient sign attack. In this paper, we use MNIST and CIFAR-10 to conduct two new sets of experiments that are absent in existing LID analysis and report the limitation of LID in characterizing the corresponding adversarial subspaces, which are (i) oblivious attacks and LID analysis using adversarial examples with different confidence levels; and (ii) black-box transfer attacks. For (i), we find that the performance of LID is very sensitive to the confidence parameter deployed by an attack, and the LID learned from ensembles of adversarial examples with varying confidence levels surprisingly gives poor performance. For (ii), we find that when adversarial examples are crafted from another DNN model, LID is ineffective in characterizing their adversarial subspaces. These two findings together suggest the limited capability of LID in characterizing the subspaces of adversarial examples.
Manifestations of Pregabalin Withdrawal

Pregabalin is an analog to isobutyl γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and is commonly utilized as an anticonvulsant and medication for neuropathic pain. Pregabalin withdrawal has not been well documented, but is commonly described as a constellation of symptoms including anxiety, tachycardia, diaphoresis, nausea, and aggression. We report a case of pregabalin withdrawal with a primary presentation of akathisia, which has yet to be described in current literature.
A Novel Sixteen Switch Three-Phase Nine-Level Voltage Source Inverter

A novel method for a 3-phase nine-level voltage source inverter using sixteen switch is introduced. The given technique employs conventional 3-phase bridges of two-level as a diode clamped model. A dc link voltage is supplied in such a way that the cascaded H-bridge produces the nine voltage levels. The switching patterns are stated as the levels increases then the pattern is difficult to produce three-phase outputs with fundamental modulation techniques. Here a solution for n-level inverter to produce required voltage-level with less number of power electronic components by setting up in the look-up tables. This study outlines the comparisons between nine-level voltage source inverters in different configurations and proposed novel sixteen switch three-phase inverter designed with less number of power electronic components and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Keyword Multilevel inverters, Look-up tables, Bidirectional Switches,
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of the antiferromagnetic superconductor Nd1.87Ce0.13CuO4: anisotropic spin-correlation gap, pseudogap, and the induced quasiparticle mass enhancement.

We performed high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on Nd1.87Ce0. 13CuO4, which is located at the boundary of the antiferromagnetic (AF) and the superconducting phase. We observed that the quasiparticle (QP) effective mass around (pi,0) is strongly enhanced due to the opening of the AF gap. The QP mass and the AF gap are found to be anisotropic, with the largest value near the intersecting point of the Fermi surface and the AF zone boundary. In addition, we observed that the QP peak disappears around the Néel temperature (TN) while the AF pseudogap is gradually filled up at much higher temperatures, possibly due to the short-range AF correlation.
Vitamin C and Immune Function

Vitamin C is an essential micronutrient for humans, with pleiotropic functions related to its ability to donate electrons. It is a potent antioxidant and a cofactor for a family of biosynthetic and gene regulatory enzymes. Vitamin C contributes to immune defense by supporting various cellular functions of both the innate and adaptive immune system. Vitamin C supports epithelial barrier function against pathogens and promotes the oxidant scavenging activity of the skin, thereby potentially protecting against environmental oxidative stress. Vitamin C accumulates in phagocytic cells, such as neutrophils, and can enhance chemotaxis, phagocytosis, generation of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately microbial killing. It is also needed for apoptosis and clearance of the spent neutrophils from sites of infection by macrophages, thereby decreasing necrosis/NETosis and potential tissue damage. The role of vitamin C in lymphocytes is less clear, but it has been shown to enhance differentiation and proliferation of B- and T-cells, likely due to its gene regulating effects. Vitamin C deficiency results in impaired immunity and higher susceptibility to infections. In turn, infections significantly impact on vitamin C levels due to enhanced inflammation and metabolic requirements. Furthermore, supplementation with vitamin C appears to be able to both prevent and treat respiratory and systemic infections. Prophylactic prevention of infection requires dietary vitamin C intakes that provide at least adequate, if not saturating plasma levels (i.e., 100–200 mg/day), which optimize cell and tissue levels. In contrast, treatment of established infections requires significantly higher (gram) doses of the vitamin to compensate for the increased inflammatory response and metabolic demand.
Assessing Tumor Progression Factors by Somatic Gene Transfer into a Mouse Model: Bcl-xL Promotes Islet Tumor Cell Invasion

Tumors develop through multiple stages, implicating multiple effectors, but the tools to assess how candidate genes contribute to stepwise tumor progression have been limited. We have developed a novel system in which progression of phenotypes in a mouse model of pancreatic islet cell tumorigenesis can be used to measure the effects of genes introduced by cell-type-specific infection with retroviral vectors. In this system, bitransgenic mice, in which the rat insulin promoter (RIP) drives expression of both the SV40 T antigen (RIP-Tag) and the receptor for subgroup A avian leukosis virus (RIP-tva), are infected with avian viral vectors carrying cDNAs encoding candidate progression factors. Like RIP-Tag mice, RIP-Tag; RIP-tva bitransgenic mice develop isolated carcinomas by ∼14 wk of age, after progression through well-defined stages that are similar to aspects of human tumor progression, including hyperplasia, angiogenesis, adenoma, and invasive carcinoma. When avian retroviral vectors carrying a green fluorescent protein marker were introduced into RIP-Tag; RIP-tva mice by intra-cardiac injection at the hyperplastic or early dysplastic stage of tumorigenesis, approximately 20% of the TVA-positive cells were infected and expressed green fluorescent proteins as measured by flow cytometry. Similar infection with vectors carrying cDNA encoding either of two progression factors, a dominant-negative version of cadherin 1 (dnE-cad) or Bcl-xL, accelerated the formation of islet tumors with invasive properties and pancreatic lymph node metastasis. To begin studying the mechanism by which Bcl-xL, an anti-apoptotic protein, promotes invasion and metastasis, RIP-Tag; RIP-tva pancreatic islet tumor cells were infected in vitro with RCASBP-Bcl-xL. Although no changes were observed in rates of proliferation or apoptosis, Bcl-xL altered cell morphology, remodeled the actin cytoskeleton, and down-regulated cadherin 1; it also induced cell migration and invasion, as evaluated using two-chamber transwell assays. In addition, myosin Va was identified as a novel Bcl-xL-interacting protein that might mediate the effects of Bcl-xL on tumor cell migration and invasion.
Inverse relation between dietary fiber intake and visceral adiposity in overweight Latino youth.

BACKGROUND To date, no studies have assessed the longitudinal changes of dietary intake on metabolic risk factors in Latino youth. OBJECTIVE We assessed the relation between changes in dietary intake, specifically sugar and fiber intakes, with changes in adiposity and risk factors for type 2 diabetes in a longitudinal analysis of overweight Latino youth. DESIGN Overweight Latino youth (n = 85; aged 11-17 y) underwent the following measures over 2 y [mean (+/-SD) time difference was 1.5 +/- 0.5 y]: dietary intake by 2-d diet recalls, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging, and glucose and insulin indexes by oral- and intravenous-glucose-tolerance tests. Partial correlations and repeated-measures analysis of covariance assessed the relation between changes in dietary intake with changes in adiposity and glucose and insulin indexes, independent of the following a priori covariates: sex, Tanner stage, time between visits, and baseline dietary and metabolic variables of interest. RESULTS Increases in total dietary fiber (g/1000 kcal) and insoluble fiber (g/1000 kcal) were associated with decreases in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (r = -0.29, P = 0.02, and r = -0.27, P = 0.03, for total dietary and insoluble fiber, respectively), independent of baseline covariates and change in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue. Participants who had decreased total dietary fiber (mean decrease of 3 g . 1000 kcal(-1) x d(-1)) had significant increases in VAT compared with participants who had increased total dietary fiber (21% compared with -4%; P = 0.02). No other changes in dietary variables were related to changes in adiposity or metabolic variables. CONCLUSION Small reductions in dietary fiber intake over 1-2 y can have profound effects on increasing visceral adiposity in a high-risk Latino youth population.
Prilocaine hydrochloride 2% hyperbaric solution for intrathecal injection: a clinical review

Prilocaine is a local anesthetic characterized by intermediate potency and duration and fast onset of action. As hyperbaric formulation of 5% solution, it was introduced and has been successfully used for spinal anesthesia since 1960. A new formulation of 2% plain and hyperbaric solution is currently available in Europe. Because of its lower incidence of transient neurological symptoms, prilocaine is suggested as substitute to lidocaine and mepivacaine in spinal anesthesia for ambulatory surgery, as well as a suitable alternative to low doses of long-acting local anesthetics. The National Library of Medicine database, the Excerpta Medica database, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database, were searched for the period 1970 to September 2016, with the aim to identify studies evaluating the intrathecal use of 2% prilocaine. A total of 13 randomized clinical trials (RCTs), 1 observational study, 2 dose finding, and 4 systematic reviews has been used for this review. The studies evaluated showed that 2% hyperbaric prilocaine due to a favorable anesthetic and safety profile is an alternative drug to lidocaine and mepivacaine for spinal anesthesia of intermediate or short duration. In comparison with plain solutions, hyperbaricity remarkably accelerates the onset and offset times of intrathecal 2% prilocaine. Literature suggests a dose ranging between 40 and 60 mg of prilocaine for lower extremities and lower abdominal procedures lasting up to 90 min, whereas a dose ranging from 10 to 30 mg is appropriate for perineal surgery. Readiness for discharge occurs in ~4 h from spinal administration.
Long Slot Ridged SIW Leaky Wave Antenna Design Using Transverse Equivalent Technique

A novel ridged SIW leaky-wave antenna (LWA) with controllable side lobe level and low cross-polarization is proposed and fabricated. Longitudinally continuous asymmetric ridges beside SIW sidewalls provide an asymmetric field distribution around the long slot centered on the upper plane of the structure, in way that the slot can radiate. An accurate transverse equivalent network analysis is presented for calculating the properties of the proposed LWA. The wavenumbers of the leaky-mode are calculated theoretically and numerically. The designed ridged SIW LWA shows a good SLL and cross polarization. Measurement results are also consistent with the simulation results.
A Methodology of Forecasting Demands of the Communication Traffic

The Traffic demand of the communication has strong relations to the gross domestic product (GDP). Some statistical models are well known for the demand forecast. As such models, there are the Linear regression Model (LM) and the Auto Regression model (AR). However the LM cannot apply analyzing a traffic demand, because its relations between a GDP and a traffic demand have the non linear shape. Also the AR has problems ,which cannot reflect the impact of social and economical events ,and have big forecasting errors, because a traffic demand has a trend component. Therefore this study considers new a methodology of forecasting demands of the communication traffic, which has high quality by resolving the above problems, by modeling and evaluating social and economical events.
Ablation of MEKK4 Kinase Activity Causes Neurulation and Skeletal Patterning Defects in the Mouse Embryo

ABSTRACT Skeletal disorders and neural tube closure defects represent clinically significant human malformations. The signaling networks regulating normal skeletal patterning and neurulation are largely unknown. Targeted mutation of the active site lysine of MEK kinase 4 (MEKK4) produces a kinase-inactive MEKK4 protein (MEKK4K1361R). Embryos homozygous for this mutation die at birth as a result of skeletal malformations and neural tube defects. Hindbrains of exencephalic MEKK4K1361R embryos show a striking increase in neuroepithelial cell apoptosis and a dramatic loss of phosphorylation of MKK3 and -6, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MKKs) regulated by MEKK4 in the p38 pathway. Phosphorylation of MAPK-activated protein kinase 2, a p38 substrate, is also inhibited, demonstrating a loss of p38 activity in MEKK4K1361R embryos. In contrast, the MEK1/2-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1)/ERK2 and MKK4-Jun N-terminal protein kinase pathways were unaffected. The p38 pathway has been shown to regulate the phosphorylation and expression of the small heat shock protein HSP27. Compared to the wild type, MEKK4K1361R fibroblasts showed significantly reduced phosphorylation of p38 and HSP27, with a corresponding heat shock-induced instability of the actin cytoskeleton. Together, these data demonstrate MEKK4 regulation of p38 and that substrates downstream of p38 control cellular homeostasis. The findings are the first demonstration that MEKK4-regulated p38 activity is critical for neurulation.
Exploration of Web Page Structural Patterns Based on Request Dependency Graph Decomposition

This article first proposed a Bipartite Request Dependency Graph BRDG that describes the object-level interrelationships between user click requests and embedded web object requests. These two kinds of requests are classified from HTTP data by an identification algorithm. The interrelationships between user click requests and embedded web object reflect the web page structural, which contain latent web information. Exploring structural patterns is crucial for many aspects like web security analysis and web information visualization. Accordingly, the article also proposed a novel graph decomposition method called orthogonal nonnegative matrix tri-factorization tNMF to the BRDG. Compared to traditional web graph analysis focus on statistical and structural properties of the whole graph, the proposed method is dedicated to mine latent web structural patterns. Decomposition results demonstrate that several interesting structures exist in the BRDG. The article aims at classifying these subgraphs as several structural patterns and shedding light on the causes of these patterns.