Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed Coordination of Simulated Robots Based on Self-Organization

Distributed coordination of groups of individuals accomplishing a common task without leaders, with little communication, and on the basis of self-organizing principles, is an important research issue within the study of collective behavior of animals, humans, and robots. The article shows how distributed coordination allows a group of evolved, physically linked simulated robots (inspired by a robot under construction) to display a variety of highly coordinated basic behaviors such as collective motion, collective obstacle avoidance, and collective approach to light, and to integrate them in a coherent fashion. In this way the group is capable of searching and approaching a lighted target in an environment scattered with obstacles, furrows, and holes, where robots acting individually fail. The article shows how the emerged coordination of the group relies upon robust self-organizing principles (e.g., positive feedback) based on a novel sensor that allows the single robots to perceive the group's average motion direction. The article also presents a robust solution to a difficult coordination problem, which might also be encountered by some organisms, caused by the fact that the robots have to be capable of moving in any direction while being physically connected. Finally, the article shows how the evolved distributed coordination mechanisms scale very well with respect to the number of robots, the way in which robots are assembled, the structure of the environment, and several other aspects.
Positive Discipline: Building Teacher Student Relationship

Discipline is the practice of teaching or training a person to obey rules or a code of behaviour in both the short and long terms. While punishment is meant to control a child’s behaviour, discipline is meant to develop a child’s behaviour, especially in matters of conduct. It is meant to teach child self-control and confidence by focusing on what it is we want the child to learn and what the child is capable of learning. It is the basis for guiding children on how to be in harmony with themselves and get along with other people. Positive Discipline is the outcome of the activities and experiences that inculcates in the individual virtues of self – control based on Reason and not on Force. It is the outcome of Persuasion and not of Compulsion. It comes out of doing rather than of talking. Like religion it cannot be taught but can only be caught and practiced. Children need to be taught so that they understand and follow social rules. The ultimate goal of discipline is for children to understand their own behaviour, take initiative, be responsible for their choices, and respect themselves and others.
Data Standards and Improvement of Quality and Safety in Child Health Care

Progress in using information technology to achieve the goal of high-quality health care is hindered by the lack of coordinated data standards. To accelerate quality improvement in pediatrics, child health providers must participate actively in the creation of health care data standards. To do so will require far greater understanding on the part of pediatricians and other pediatric providers regarding the scope and role of data standards in advancing health information systems for children, as well as how data standards could improve quality in child health, what kinds of data standards hold the most promise for quality improvement in child health, and how child health professionals can engage in the work of creating data standards. Child health professionals in organized and academic medicine should participate in standards development organizations, to present the pediatric point of view as data standards emerge. They also should support efforts to certify electronic health record systems that include pediatric functionality. A major challenge to academic pediatrics is to prove that data standards can lead to improved health outcomes for children; this is only a compelling conjecture as of this writing.
Disclosures of maternal HIV infection to seronegative children: A literature review

Mothers living with HIV/AIDS face the challenge of disclosing their illness to their uninfected children. This literature review devotes specific attention to rates and predictors of maternal disclosure, justifications for (non)disclosure, how mothers plan and execute disclosures, and postdisclosure adjustment in families. Although no research has conclusively shown that maternal disclosures are detrimental to children's wellbeing, findings on adjustment may differ depending on child age and whether mothers or children are the informants in research. Suggestions for further studies include the implications of mothers' specific communication strategies; age-related differences in, and adjustment to, disclosures; differentiating between short- and long-term functioning; and the further development of structured interventions to aid mothers and their families in both the pre- and postdisclosure period.
SMART AND FLEXIBLE CAMPUS : TECHNOLOGY ENABLED UNIVERSITY EDUCATION

In recent years, university educators have moved from singular reliance upon the didactic lecture hall format to a composite system that uses a full array of course development, delivery, maintenance and management tools. This paper briefly introduces such as system by discussing the concept of a “smart and flexible campus education”. The system offers an integrated series of educational tools that facilitate students’ communication and collaboration along with a number of facilities for students’ study aid and class management. The application of two widely used technologies, namely dynamic web-based instruction and real-time streaming, in providing support for “smart and flexible campus” education is demonstrated. It is shown that the usage of technology enabled methods in university campuses results in a model that works equally well for distance students and learners in virtual campuses. In effect, the “smart and flexible campus” education leads to a convergence of traditional and virtual educational programs.
BARGAINING AND NEGOTIATION BEHAVIOR.

Abstract : Research employing on-line computer experiments in bargaining and negotiation processes was conducted to evaluate the effects of: (a) cooperative bargaining strategies, (b) variations in threat availability and use, and (c) variations in bargainers' personality characteristics and attitudes. This report reviews the progress of research activities conducted with six experimental games, of associated programming developments, and of plans to extend the computer-based laboratory approach to more complex gaming. (Author)
Beating the Devil Out of Them: Corporal Punishment in American Families

Spanking has long been a standard method of punishment in homes around the world. Also while there has always been some concern raises about whether or not it is an acceptable form of discipline, until now, no-one has made a scientific link between spanking and violent behaviour in adults who were spanked as children. The work of Murray Straus indicates that spanking is indeed a form of violence, and that such treatment not only adversely affects the children who experience it, but society as a whole. Straus here argues that corporal punishment is a factor in many conduct disorders, from attacks on siblings to juvenile deliquency, wife beatings and other crimes. Further, he demonstrates that putting an end to such punishment is one of the most important steps that can be taken in our quest for a less violent world.
Prostacyclin Synthase: Upregulation during Renal Development and in Glomerular Disease as well as Its Constitutive Expression in Cultured Human Mesangial Cells

Prostacyclin (PGI2) plays a critical role in nephrogenesis and renal physiology. However, our understanding of how prostacyclin release in the kidney is regulated remains poorly defined. We studied expression of prostacyclin synthase (PGIS) in developing and adult human kidneys, and also in selected pediatric renal diseases. We also examined PGI2 formation in human mesangial cells in vitro. We observed abundant expression of PGIS in the nephrogenic cortex in humans and in situ hybridization revealed an identical pattern in mice. In the normal adult kidney, PGIS-immunoreactive protein and mRNA appear to localize to mesangial fields and endothelial and smooth muscle cells of arteries and peritubular capillaries. In kidney biopsies taken from pediatric patients, enhanced expression of PGIS-immunoreactive protein was noted mainly in endothelial cells of patients with IgA-nephropathy. Cultured human mesangial cells produce primarily PGI2 and prostaglandin E2, followed by prostaglandin F2 α Cytokine stimulation increased PGI2 formation 24-fold. Under these conditions expression of PGIS mRNA and protein remained unaltered whereas mRNA for cyclooxygenase-2 was markedly induced. In contrast to its constitutive expression in vitro, renal expression of prostacyclin-synthase appears to be regulated both during development and in glomerular disease. Further research is needed to identify the factors involved in regulation of PGIS-expression.
Arabic Validation of the Internet Addiction Test

Concern about Internet addiction, fuelled by the rapid increase in its usage across the globe, has spread to many parts of the world, including the Arab world. Concurrently, there has been a relentless quest for a valid tool for measuring Internet addiction. Thus far, two popular tools have been translated to Arabic: the Compulsive Internet Use Scale and the Internet addiction test (IAT). While the Arabic version of the former was proven valid by one study, the validity of the latter's Arabic version remains in question. Therefore, this study investigated the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the IAT. An online Arabic version of the IAT was completed by 817 intermediate- and secondary-school students across Lebanon. The results showed that a one-factor model of the IAT has good psychometric properties and fits the data extremely well. This study presents evidence that the Arabic version of the IAT is valid for measuring Internet addiction among adolescents in Lebanon.
Seasonal behavior in Drosophila melanogaster requires the photoreceptors, the circadian clock, and phospholipase C

Drosophila melanogaster locomotor activity responds to different seasonal conditions by thermosensitive regulation of splicing of a 3′ intron in the period mRNA transcript. Here we demonstrate that the control of locomotor patterns by this mechanism is primarily light-dependent at low temperatures. At warmer temperatures, when it is vitally important for the fly to avoid midday desiccation, more stringent regulation of splicing is observed, requiring the light input received through the visual system during the day and the circadian clock at night. During the course of this study, we observed that a mutation in the no-receptor-potential-AP41 (norpAP41) gene, which encodes phospholipase-C, generated an extremely high level of 3′ splicing. This cannot be explained simply by the mutation's effect on the visual pathway and suggests that norpAP41 is directly involved in thermosensitivity.
Lactate Utilization Is Regulated by the FadR-Type Regulator LldR in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ABSTRACT NAD-independent l-lactate dehydrogenase (l-iLDH) and NAD-independent d-lactate dehydrogenase (d-iLDH) activities are induced coordinately by either enantiomer of lactate in Pseudomonas strains. Inspection of the genomic sequences of different Pseudomonas strains revealed that the lldPDE operon comprises 3 genes, lldP (encoding a lactate permease), lldD (encoding an l-iLDH), and lldE (encoding a d-iLDH). Cotranscription of lldP, lldD, and lldE in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain XMG starts with the base, C, that is located 138 bp upstream of the lldP ATG start codon. The lldPDE operon is located adjacent to lldR (encoding an FadR-type regulator, LldR). The gel mobility shift assays revealed that the purified His-tagged LldR binds to the upstream region of lldP. An XMG mutant strain that constitutively expresses d-iLDH and l-iLDH was found to contain a mutation in lldR that leads to an Ile23-to-serine substitution in the LldR protein. The mutated protein, LldRM, lost its DNA-binding activity. A motif with a hyphenated dyad symmetry (TGGTCTTACCA) was identified as essential for the binding of LldR to the upstream region of lldP by using site-directed mutagenesis. l-Lactate and d-lactate interfered with the DNA-binding activity of LldR. Thus, l-iLDH and d-iLDH were expressed when the operon was induced in the presence of l-lactate or d-lactate.
Psychological debriefing for preventing post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

BACKGROUND Over approximately the last last fifteen years early psychological interventions such as psychological 'debriefing' have been increasingly used to treat psychological trauma. While these intervention have become popular and their use spread to several settings - efficacy had largely not been tested emprically. In 1997 a systmatic review of single session psychological "debriefing" was undertaken and this subsequently became a protocol and Cochrane Review published in 1998 (Issue2). This update forms the first substantive update of the original review. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of brief psychological debriefing for the management of psychological distress after trauma, and the prevention of post traumatic stress disorder. SEARCH STRATEGY Electronic searching of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychLit, PILOTS, Biosis, Pascal, Occ. Safety and Health,SOCIOFILE, CINAHL, PSYCINFO, PSYNDEX, SIGLE, LILACS, CCTR, CINAHL, NRR, Hand search of Journal of Traumatic Stress. Contact with leading researchers. SELECTION CRITERIA The inclusion criteria for all randomized studies was that they should focus on persons recently (one month or less) exposed to a traumatic event, should consist of a single session only, and that the intervention involve some form of emotional processing/ventilation by encouraging recollection/reworking of the traumatic event accompanied by normalisation of emotional reaction to the event. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS 11 trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Quality was generally poor. Data from two trials could not be synthesised. Two trials involved the use of the intervention in an obstetric setting. MAIN RESULTS Single session individual debriefing did not reduce psychological distress nor prevent the onset of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Those who received the intervention showed no significant short term (3-5 months) in the risk of PTSD (odds ratio 1.22 (95% ci 0.60 to 2.46 )). At one year one trial reported that there was a significantly increased risk of PTSD in those receiving debriefing (odds ratio 2.88 (1.11 to 7.53))odds ratio 95%). There was also no evidence that debriefing reduced general psychological morbidity, depression or anxiety. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS There is no current evidence that psychological debriefing is a useful treatment for the prevention of post traumatic stress disorder after traumatic incidents. Compulsory debriefing of victims of trauma should cease.
The changing liver transplant waitlist: an emerging liver purgatory?

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Misinformation as a Starting Point for Critical Thinking

The media generally, and the web in particular, offers learners access to increasingly large amounts of data. Some of this will be verifiable, some will be inaccurate or out of date and some will be either accidentally or deliberately untrue. Failure by students to recognise the existence of misinformatio n, deliberate or accidental, will lead to the uncritical use of web-sources materials with consequential impact on the value and quality of the work produced. This paper suggests that this potential problem can be turned into an educational benefit by highlighting the problem by stressing the need for students to enhance their critical thinking skills in ambiguous data and information environments.
Role of Angiotensin-Neprilysin Inhibition for Treatment of Heart Failure Corresponding

Heart failure is one of the most prevalent disease states in the United States, affecting nearly 6 million people with approximately 500,000 new cases (of all types) each year. With over one million patients annually hospitalized, heart failure accounts for approximately $39 billion in health care costs. The decline in heart function inevitably results in death, with mortality occurring in approximately half of patients within 5 years of diagnosis. One explanation for the increase in heart failure diagnoses is due to advances in medical technology in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Because more patients are surviving these acute events, they are living long enough to eventually develop heart failure.
Liquidity Shortages and Banking Crises

We show in this paper that bank failures can be contagious. Unlike earlier work where contagion stems from depositor panics or ex ante contractual links between banks, we argue bank failures can shrink the common pool of liquidity, creating or exacerbating aggregate liquidity shortages. This could lead to a contagion of failures and a possible total meltdown of the system. Given the costs of a meltdown, there is a possible role for government intervention. Unfortunately, liquidity problems and solvency problems interact and can cause each other, making it hard to determine the root cause of a crisis from observable factors. We propose a robust sequence of intervention.
Endocrine Control of Osmoregulation in Teleost Fish1

Abstract As the primary link between environmental change and physiological response, the neuroendocrine system is a critical part of osmoregulatory adaptations. Cortisol has been viewed as ‘the’ seawater-adapting hormone in fish and prolactin as ‘the’ fresh water adapting hormone. Recent evidence indicates that the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis is also important in seawater adaptation in several teleosts of widely differing evolutionary lineages. In salmonids, growth hormone acts in synergy with cortisol to increase seawater tolerance, at least partly through the upregulation of gill cortisol receptors. Cortisol under some conditions may promote ion uptake and interacts with prolactin during acclimation to fresh water. The osmoregulatory actions of growth hormone and prolactin are antagonistic. In some species, thyroid hormones support the action of growth hormone and cortisol in promoting seawater acclimation. Although a broad generalization that holds for all teleosts is unlikely, our current understanding indicates that growth hormone promotes acclimation to seawater, prolactin promotes acclimation to fresh water, and cortisol interacts with both of these hormones thus having a dual osmoregulatory function.
Blacklist based Anonymus User Blocking in IP Networks

The framework to blacklist, track and block the anonymous user in IP network. The anonymous users are the users who are not valid or dishonest users. The IP network is network of computers using internet protocol for their communication. Anonymizing network is a type of IP network in which the identity of the user is hidden by using pseudonyms. The true identity of the user is not revealed i.e. the user remains anonymous. This anonymity is provided by using a series of routers to hide users’ IP address. Some users misbehave in this network and they remain anonymous and the web server is not able to identify the real misbehaved users leading to the banning the anonymizing network. The misbehaved user is traced and blacklisted and again if they misbehave they are blocked by the web server. Therefore to block the misbehaving user and to give honest user anonymity, trusted third party is introduced. These help in blocking the misbehaving user preversing their anonymity. In this model the misbehavior can be defined by the web server. Therefore the anonymity and privacy of the blacklisted users are maintained even if they are banned from using the server again.
Osmotic regulation of rpoS-dependent genes in Escherichia coli

The rpoS gene, which encodes a putative alternative sigma factor (sigma S), is essential for the expression of a variety of stationary-phase-induced genes as well as for stationary-phase-specific multiple-stress resistance. As previously shown for the otsA and otsB genes (R. Hengge-Aronis, W. Klein, R. Lange, M. Rimmele, and W. Boos, J. Bacteriol. 173:7918-7924, 1991), we demonstrate here that additional rpoS-controlled genes (bolA, csi-5) as well as at least 18 proteins on two-dimensional O'Farrell gels could be induced in growing cells by osmotic upshift via an rpoS-dependent mechanism. Also, rpoS-dependent thermotolerance and resistance against hydrogen peroxide could be osmotically stimulated. In contrast, the expression of glgS, while exhibiting strong stationary-phase induction, was only weakly increased by elevated osmolarity, and several rpoS-dependent proteins previously identified on two-dimensional gels were not osmotically induced. During osmotic induction of rpoS-dependent genes, rpoS transcription and the level of sigma S remained unchanged. We conclude that osmotically regulated genes represent a subfamily within the rpoS regulon that requires differential regulation in addition to that provided by sigma S.