Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The End of the Beginning

Can scientists “foretell and forewarn”? Professor Sinsheimer believes that they are obliged to try. “The mission of prophecy is changing,” he writes in the article that follows, “from one of almost frivolous whimsy to one of deep moral responsibility. ” In particular, Professor Sinsheimer considers what consequences may be expected from “the recent extraordinary advances in molecular biology. ”Robert Sinsheimer is professor of biophysics at California Institute of Technology. His article is based on a lecture presented in October, 1966 at a Conference on Scientific Progress and Human Values held at the institute as part of the proceedings marking its seventy-fifth anniversary. The full proceedings will be published by the California Institute of Technology in 1967.
Places of Worship and Neighborhood Stability

ABSTRACT: Despite ongoing interest in religious group involvement in community development, only limited research has considered whether the mere existence of a place of worship can be linked to neighborhood well-being. This exploratory study uses a cross-sectional design to examine the relationships between the presence of churches in high-poverty neighborhoods and specific measures of neighborhood stability. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and geographic information system (GIS) software were employed to compare measures of structural permanence, residential tenure, and property valuation from a sample of two types of church (freestanding and storefront) and non-church areas or “clusters. ” The findings provide limited support for the conclusion that storefront churches, while modest and often regarded as less architecturally significant, may be overlooked contributors to the sort of stable urban space where residential population is preserved and investment maintained.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae a-Factor Mutants Reveal Residues Critical for Processing, Activity, and Export

ABSTRACT The Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating pheromone a-factor provides a paradigm for understanding the biogenesis of prenylated fungal pheromones. The biogenesis of a-factor involves multiple steps: (i) C-terminal CAAX modification (where C is cysteine, A is aliphatic, and X is any residue) which includes prenylation, proteolysis, and carboxymethylation (by Ram1p/Ram2p, Ste24p or Rce1p, and Ste14p, respectively); (ii) N-terminal processing, involving two sequential proteolytic cleavages (by Ste24p and Axl1p); and (iii) nonclassical export (by Ste6p). Once exported, mature a-factor interacts with the Ste3p receptor on MATα cells to stimulate mating. The a-factor biogenesis machinery is well defined, as is the CAAX motif that directs C-terminal modification; however, very little is known about the sequence determinants within a-factor required for N-terminal processing, activity, and export. Here we generated a large collection of a-factor mutants and identified residues critical for the N-terminal processing steps mediated by Ste24p and Axl1p. We also identified mutants that fail to support mating but do not affect biogenesis or export, suggesting a defective interaction with the Ste3p receptor. Mutants significantly impaired in export were also found, providing evidence that the Ste6p transporter recognizes sequence determinants as well as CAAX modifications. We also performed a phenotypic analysis of the entire set of isogenic a-factor biogenesis machinery mutants, which revealed information about the dependency of biogenesis steps upon one another, and demonstrated that export by Ste6p requires the completion of all processing events. Overall, this comprehensive analysis will provide a useful framework for the study of other fungal pheromones, as well as prenylated metazoan proteins involved in development and aging.
Association of adolescent obesity with risk of severe obesity in adulthood.

CONTEXT Although the prevalence of obesity has increased in recent years, individuals who are obese early in life have not been studied over time to determine whether they develop severe obesity in adulthood, thus limiting effective interventions to reduce severe obesity incidence and its potentially life-threatening associated conditions. OBJECTIVE To determine incidence and risk of severe obesity in adulthood by adolescent weight status. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A cohort of 8834 individuals aged 12 to 21 years enrolled in 1996 in wave II of the US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, followed up into adulthood (ages 18-27 years during wave III [2001-2002] and ages 24-33 years during wave IV [2007-2009]). Height and weight were obtained via anthropometry and surveys administered in study participants' homes using standardized procedures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES New cases of adult-onset severe obesity were calculated by sex, race/ethnicity, and adolescent weight status. Sex-stratified, discrete time hazard models estimated the net effect of adolescent obesity (aged <20 years; body mass index [BMI] ≥95th percentile of the sex-specific BMI-for-age growth chart or BMI ≥30.0) on risk of severe obesity incidence in adulthood (aged ≥20 years; BMI ≥40.0), adjusting for race/ethnicity and age and weighted for national representation. RESULTS In 1996, 79 (1.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7%-1.4%) adolescents were severely obese; 60 (70.5%; 95% CI, 57.2%-83.9%) remained severely obese in adulthood. By 2009, 703 (7.9%; 95% CI, 7.4%-8.5%) non-severely obese adolescents had become severely obese in adulthood, with the highest rates for non-Hispanic black women. Obese adolescents were significantly more likely to develop severe obesity in young adulthood than normal-weight or overweight adolescents (hazard ratio, 16.0; 95% CI, 12.4-20.5). CONCLUSION In this cohort, obesity in adolescence was significantly associated with increased risk of incident severe obesity in adulthood, with variations by sex and race/ethnicity.
Design of Compact Annular Ring Antenna on Metamaterials for Improved Radiation Pattern and Gain

Simulated and experimental investigations have been carried out on annular ring antenna designed on metamaterial substrate. Different configurations of Sshaped metal structure are designed on RT-Duroid substrate to achieve metamaterial behavior at the frequency of 10.5 GHz. Annular ring antenna is designed for TM31 mode on the metamaterial configurations. The antenna provides a huge size reduction of 87.58% when designed on metamaterial. The gain is improved from 1.0 dB for a simple ring to 6.22 dB on the ring antenna on metamaterial. Improvement is also clearly visible in the radiation pattern.
Islands in the Bit-Stream: Charting the NII Interoperability Debate

Islands in the Bit-Stream: Charting the NII Interoperability Debate by Francois Bar (fbar@leland.stanford.edu) Michael Borrus (mborrus@socrates.berkeley.edu) Richard Steinberg (steinber@law.ucla.berkeley.edu) Berkeley Roundtable on the International Economy (BRIE) University of California, Berkeley BRIE Working Paper # 79 © Copyright 1995, by the authors
Randomized prospective study comparing routine versus selective use of sonography of the complete calf in patients with suspected deep venous thrombosis.

OBJECTIVE We compared patient outcomes using two protocols: one routinely and the other selectively evaluating the calves completely during sonographic assessment of the lower extremities in patients with suspected deep venous thrombosis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this randomized prospective study, patients were assigned to two groups. In one group, the deep calf veins were routinely evaluated in their entirety, and in the other group the calf was not evaluated unless the patient had symptoms or physical signs in the calf, in which case only the areas of symptoms or physical signs were evaluated. Patients were followed up for 3 months by medical record review, physician surveys, and telephone calls. An adverse outcome was a propagated deep venous thrombosis into the thigh or a pulmonary embolus. Examination times were recorded when possible. RESULTS Of the 235 patients in the group in which the deep calf veins were routinely evaluated, we saw no adverse outcomes (0.0%; 97.5% one-sided confidence interval [CI], 0.6-1.6%). Of the 261 patients in the group in which the calf was only evaluated if there were signs or symptoms, we saw two adverse outcomes (0.8%; 95% CI, 0.1-2.7%). CONCLUSION We found no significant difference in adverse outcomes in patients undergoing a protocol in which the deep calf veins were routinely evaluated or a protocol in which the calf was evaluated only if physical signs or symptoms were present.
From Equilibrium Point to Optimal Control

In the mid sixties, Feldman (1966) reported on experiments on feedback control processes that stabilize the human arm. In a typical test, the elbow flexors (or extensors) would be loaded and the subject was asked to maintain a predetermined elbow angle. After a sudden decrease of the load, the forearm would settle at a new position. The experiments were repeated for the same initial elbow position and load, but each time the change in the load was different. The set of points that resulted consisted of two variables: elbow angle θ and force ƒ. These points formed an exponential-like curve
Bowling action recognition using computer vision

In the realm of computer vision with respect to cricket domain, object tracking with precise pose prediction has proven to be difficult and hence less work is found in this region. Object detection is different from such applications, as used for identifying the type of object present, while the task of tracking and identifying the unique identity of the specific object which is detected is one of the main objectives. Object tracking technology has been found to have a wide spectrum of applications in the sports industry and can be used to identify different types of athletes based on their unique characteristics of action performed while bowling. This study focuses on identifying cricket players and distinguishing between bowling and non-bowling actions based on the various poses they adopt while playing the game. Yolo V3 is the object detection system, here it is used to detect cricket players while MoveNet lightning is used for the detection of keypoints of the individual. The CNN acts as a classification model, which is designed for the classification of action, which is identifying each athletes pose and enabling more accurate classification of bowling or non-bowling action.
Insight into the behavior of hairy cell leukemia by immunogenetic analysis

The B cell receptor (BCR) is the functional distinguishing unit that defines any B cell. Immunoglobulin gene (IG) status is preserved in the neoplastic B cell clone and can provide an indicator of the maturation stage reached by the B cell prior to transformation. In hairy cell leukemia (HCL), several data from IG analysis provide clear hints regarding the cell of origin and the ongoing selective interactions of the tumor BCR with environmental stimuli: HCLs (i) have variable levels of IG somatic mutations, (ii) continue somatic mutations at low levels, (iii) have active processes of IG class switching after transformation, and (iv) have a relatively high frequency of selective events in the light chain of the BCR. It has recently emerged that an unmutated status of the HCL-derived IG can be associated with failure to respond to cladribine, genetic abnormalities indicative of poor outcome, and aggressive disease. These observations suggest that IG gene analysis may have biological and prognostic relevance in HCL and merits further characterization.
The Political Constitution of Criminal Justice

The politics of crime is widely seen as punitive, racist, and inattentive to the interests of criminal suspects and defendants. Constitutional law is widely seen as a (partial) remedy for those ills. But the cure may be causing the disease. At the margin, constitutional law pushes legislative attention - and budget dollars - away from policing and criminal adjudication and toward punishment. The law also widens the gap between the cost of investigating and prosecuting poor defendants and the cost of pursuing rich ones. Overcriminalization, overpunishment, discriminatory policing and prosecution, overfunding of prison construction and underfunding of everything else - these familiar political problems are more the consequences of constitutional regulation than justifications for it. Solving these problems requires radical constitutional reform. The article explains why, and then offers brief sketches of what that reform might look like in five areas: policing, crime definition, adjudication, punishment, and federalism. It closes by explaining how reform could happen, and why it probably won't.
Influence of CYP2B6 genetic variants on plasma and urine concentrations of bupropion and metabolites at steady state

Background Bupropion, an antidepressant and smoking cessation medication, is metabolized to hydroxybupropion (HB), an active metabolite, primarily by CYP2B6. Objectives To compare plasma concentrations of bupropion and metabolites at steady state in healthy volunteers with and without CYP2B6 genetic variants. Methods In a genotype-guided study of 42 healthy individuals, we measured the plasma and urine concentrations of bupropion and its metabolites, HB, threohydrobupropion, and erythrohydrobupropion after 7 days of sustained-release bupropion dosing. Results CYP2B6*6 and *18 gene variants were associated with ∼33% reduced concentrations of HB, with no effects on concentrations of bupropion or other metabolites. We could account for 50% of the variation in HB concentrations in a model including genotype and sex. Conclusion As HB is active and its steady-state concentrations are more than 10 times higher than bupropion, CYP2B6 variants are likely to affect pharmacological activity. Because of the large individual variation within the genotype group, the use of therapeutic drug monitoring for dose optimization may be necessary.
Exploring Social Context for Topic Identification in Short and Noisy Texts

With the pervasion of social media, topic identification in short texts attracts increasing attention in recent years. However, in nature the texts of social media are short and noisy, and the structures are sparse and dynamic, resulting in difficulty to identify topic categories exactly from online social media. Inspired by social science findings that preference consistency and social contagion are observed in social media, we investigate topic identification in short and noisy texts by exploring social context from the perspective of social sciences. In particular, we present a mathematical optimization formulation that incorporates the preference consistency and social contagion theories into a supervised learning method, and conduct feature selection to tackle short and noisy texts in social media, which result in a Sociological framework for Topic Identification (STI). Experimental results on real-world datasets from Twitter and Citation Network demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Further experiments are conducted to understand the importance of social context in topic identification.
Comparison between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: Implications for treatment

Abstract Virtually 90% of the elderly with late-onset dementia exhibit neuropathological features consistent with Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), alone or in combination. Both AD and DLB reveal extensive senile plaques containing amyloid β whereas neurofibrillary tangles evident as tau pathology are fewer in DLB, which also bears diffuse cortical Lewy bodies. Interestingly, however, there is considerable overlap between AD and VaD in terms of both risk factors and pathology. Cholinergic deficits are also encountered in VaD, which like AD may respond to cholinergic therapy. Cerebrovascular pathology, ischemic brain damage and autonomic dysregulation resulting in cerebral hypoperfusion appears fundamental in the pathogenesis of late-onset dementias.
A Deep Learning Approach for Digitization of Invoices

Digitizing documents using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) has significantly improved in recent years. It is driven by the increasing demand for digitizing printed documents, especially invoices. The task of extracting data from invoices is now easier using an OCR engine like Tesseract. Giving the invoice as input directly to an OCR doesn’t help maintain its structures, especially if the invoice has tables. Maintaining the invoice structure is also necessary if the data in the table needs to be processed in a structured form like an Excel sheet.This paper proposes a solution to this problem of invoice processing using the invoice segmentation method involving Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and processing the segmented invoice separately with image pre-processing techniques and OCR. It also discusses the importance of deep learning in invoice processing, Tesseract, the need for image pre-processing, and some techniques that can help enhance the accuracy of invoice processing.
A randomised controlled trial of patient self management of oral anticoagulation treatment compared with primary care management

Background: The increase in numbers of patients receiving warfarin treatment has led to the development of alternative models of service delivery for oral anticoagulant monitoring. Patient self management for oral anticoagulation is a model new to the UK. This randomised trial was the first to compare routine primary care management of oral anticoagulation with patient self management. Aim: To test whether patient self management is as safe, in terms of clinical effectiveness, as primary care management within the UK, as assessed by therapeutic international normalised ratio (INR) control. Method: Patients receiving warfarin from six general practices who satisfied study entry criteria were eligible to enter the study. Eligible patients were randomised to either intervention (patient self management) or control (routine primary care management) for six months. The intervention comprised two training sessions of one to two hours duration. Patients were allowed to undertake patient self management on successful completion of training. INR testing was undertaken using a Coaguchek device and regular internal/external quality control tests were performed. Patients were advised to perform INR tests every two weeks, or weekly if a dose adjustment was made. Dosage adjustment was undertaken using a simple dosing algorithm. Results: Seventy eight of 206 (38%) patients were eligible for inclusion and, of these, 35 (45%) declined involvement or withdrew from the study. Altogether, 23 intervention and 26 control patients entered the study. There were no significant differences in INR control (per cent time in range: intervention, 74%; control, 77%). There were no serious adverse events in the intervention group, with one fatal retroperitoneal haemorrhage in the control group. Costs of patient self management were significantly greater than for routine care (£90 v £425/patient/year). Conclusion: These are the first UK data to demonstrate that patient self management is as safe as primary care management for a selected population. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether this model of care is suitable for a larger population.
Preventing delayed diagnosis of cancer: clinicians’ views on main problems and solutions

Background Delayed diagnosis is a major contributing factor to the UK’s lower cancer survival compared to many European countries. In the UK, there is a significant national variation in early cancer diagnosis. Healthcare providers can offer an insight into local priorities for timely cancer diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to identify the main problems and solutions relating to delay cancer diagnosis according to cancer care clinicians. Methods We developed and implemented a new priority–setting approach called PRIORITIZE and invited North West London cancer care clinicians to identify and prioritize main causes for and solutions to delayed diagnosis of cancer care. Results Clinicians identified a number of concrete problems and solutions relating to delayed diagnosis of cancer. Raising public awareness, patient education as well as better access to specialist care and diagnostic testing were seen as the highest priorities. The identified suggestions focused mostly on the delays during referrals from primary to secondary care. Conclusions Many identified priorities were feasible, affordable and converged around common themes such as public awareness, care continuity and length of consultation. As a timely, proactive and scalable priority–setting approach, PRIORITZE could be implemented as a routine preventative system for determining patient safety issues by frontline staff.
A Plantar Perceptual Learning Exercise to Improve the Standing Balance of Elderly People

It is well known that decreased standing balance increases the risk of falling, and it has also been reported to reduce everyday activity and be linked to disuse syndrome [1]. A previous study had shown that even among elderly people, the standing balance stability of a group who had a fall was significantly lower than that in a non-fall group [2]. Thus, an elderly person’s ability to maintain a standing posture is an important factor in ensuring safety during the activities of daily life.
An Empirical Study of the Impact of Software Process Patterns on Software Quality and Team Productivity

Software development companies use a variety of software processes to improve team productivity and software quality. Each software process has its own set of patterns and practices. These process patterns are general reusable solutions to common problems that arise anywhere in the software development lifecycle. The main goals of this research are to identify the commonly used software process patterns in the Pakistani software industry and to quantitatively measure the impact of some of these common software process patterns on the quality of the software produced and the productivity of the teams producing these software systems. To achieve these goals, first a survey was designed and conducted in the Pakistani software industry to identify the commonly used software process patterns. Three of these identified patterns – daily scrum, test-driven development, and small releases - were then shortlisted for a set of controlled experiments. These controlled experiments were performed using two consecutive sprints of three different real-life projects each undertaken at a different software house. Values derived from the data obtained in the controlled experiments were calculated using three metrics - team productivity, defect density and weighted defect density. Results of these experiments conclusively demonstrated that each of these three selected software process patterns has a positive impact on both team productivity and software quality.
The six million dollar man.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
The Wilson Bay Initiative, Riverworks, and the Sturgeon City Partnership: A Case Study for Building Effective Academic-Community Partnerships

This article describes North Carolina State University’s Sturgeon City partnership, which has transformed an urban brownfield site into a community civic, recreational, and learning resource. The project was recognized in 2010 with the C. Peter Magrath Community Engagement Award and the Outreach Scholarship W. K. Kellogg Foundation Engagement Award for the Southern Region.