Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Access to specific social resources across different social media: divergent consequences of the time spent with new contacts

Despite a large number of studies on the social impact of the Internet, little is known about the specific social resources to which social media provide access. Most studies have either examined issues surrounding the question whether or not new online contacts have been established or they have focused on the distinction between perceived bridging capital and bonding capital. Research has rarely focused on the kind of specific benefits that may arise due to the establishment of new online contacts. In this context, the study examines the specific forms of social capital which can be accessed via different social media (i.e. email lists, instant messaging, multiplayer games, weblogs and -forums, chat rooms, social networking sites and an own weblog). This article makes a distinction between the maintenance of existing contacts and the making of new contacts. Utilizing a random sample of Internet users from a major city in the Netherlands, we find that new online relationships do not always provide access to specific resources. But the type of social media employed for communication with new contacts has an influence on the provision (or non-provision) of access to resources and to the kind of resources which are accessed.
Hereditarily finite representations of natural numbers and self-delimiting codes

Using a bijection between natural numbers and hereditarily finite functions we derive a new reversible variable length self-delimiting code through a bitstring representation in a balanced parenthesis language. The code features the ability to encode arbitrarily nested data types, can represent huge (low "complexity") numbers, and is decodable from its beginning or its end. Besides its possible practical applications to media stream encodings, a comparison with the well-known Elias omega code and a conjecture about its asymptotic behavior under the Kraft inequality suggest it as an interesting object of study for experimental mathematicians. The paper is organized as a self-contained literate Haskell program inviting the reader to explore its content independently. Its code is available at http://logic.cse. unt.edu/tarau/research/2010/selfdelim.hs
Using a Community of Practice to Enhance Data Quality in a Distributed Healthcare Information System

Healthcare provider networks typically have severe budget constraints, which necessitate effective allocation of scarce resources and judicious adoption of expensive advances in medical procedures and treatment regimens. Elective surgery is particularly risky and resource intensive and require information systems that allow judicious decision making at multiple levels ‐healthcare policy makers, hospital administrators and clinicians. Given the large number of variables and the diversity in the facilities, underlying systems, procedures and personnel, quality of the input data can be threatened. Ensuring data quality for such an information system requires effective organizational practices coupled with technology. This paper studies the role of building a community of practice (CoP) among recording nurses for increasing knowledge sharing to enhance the quality of data collection from surgeries. The study finds support for a CoP in building social capital and increased knowledge sharing, leading to improvement in data quality and downstream impacts on patient care.
Service Recovery and Fairness Perceptions in Collectivist and Individualist Contexts

As in other social exchanges, cultural norms and values are likely to influence customers’ perceptions of fairness and satisfaction with the service recovery process. This study contrasts the impact of two recovery attributes (compensation and explanation) on customers’ postrecovery perceptions in a cross-cultural context (East-Asia versus United States). The results from this experimental study indicate that compensation seems to drive customers’ fairness perceptions, in particular with American consumers. Offering an explanation for the failure had a positive impact on customer perceptions regardless of the customer’s cultural orientation. Finally, the study’s findings show that perceived fairness is directly linked to postrecovery satisfaction.
Selecting home appliances with smart glass based on contextual information

We propose a method for selecting home appliances using a smart glass, which facilitates the control of network-connected appliances in a smart house. Our proposed method is image-based appliance selection and enables smart glass users to easily select a particular appliance by just looking at it. The main feature of our method is that it achieves high precision appliance selection using user contextual information such as position and activity, inferred from various sensor data in addition to camera images captured by the glass because such contextual information is greatly related in the home appliance that a user wants to control in her daily life. We design a state-of-the-art appliance selection method by fusing image features extracted by deep learning techniques and context information estimated by non-parametric Bayesian techniques within a framework of multiple kernel learning. Our experimental results, which use sensor data obtained in an actual house equipped with many network-connected appliances, show the effectiveness of our method.
Fathers' Qualitative and Quantitative Involvement: An Investigation of Attachment, Play, and Social Interactions

This study investigated father-child relationships by recording fathers' level of involvement and by examining the quality of this relationship through attachment behaviors, play interactions, and social interactions. Although fathers were not as involved as mothers in child-rearing activities, children played at higher levels with their fathers. Children securely attached to their fathers played at significantly higher levels than did children insecurely attached to their fathers. Conversely, mothers with secure attachments to their children were more responsive and facilitative, and their children actively engaged in more social interaction, than in mother-child insecure dyads. These findings suggest that play is important for father-child relationships, whereas mother-child relationships revolve around social interactions.
Explaining the process of innovation: The dynamic reconciliation of action and structure

Problems of action and structure underpin key issues in research on innovation processes. The question of entrepreneurial activity is an enduring one, from the risk-taking actor debate right through to recent discussions of strategic leadership and new venturing for wealth creation. But we can also detect deterministic tendencies in those arguments that find innovation activity defined by the sector’s institutionalized regime or paradigm. To this extent, concern for the reconciliation of action and structure has been particularly neglected. Drawing on insights from structuration theory, institutionalism and resource dependence, this article develops a new model that attempts to reconcile the action-structure dichotomy in the innovation process in industry. The article concludes by considering the implications of this model for issues of life cycle effects, technology strategy and systems of innovation.
Resilience in maltreated children: Processes leading to adaptive outcome

Abstract Evidence for resilience, competent functioning despite severe adversity, was investigated in school-age, disadvantaged maltreated (N = 127) and nonmaltreated (N = 79) children attending a summer camp program. Multiple areas of adaptation (social adjustment, risk for school difficulty, psychopathology) were assessed from self, peer, and camp counselor perspectives and school records. A composite index of adaptive functioning was developed, and levels of competence were delineated. Personality dimensions and personal resources, including cognitive maturity, self-esteem, ego-resiliency, and ego-control, were evaluated as mechanisms promoting individual differences in successful adaptation. Maltreated children as a group evidenced lower overall competence when compared to nonmaltreated children. An equal proportion of maltreated and nonmaltreated children, however, demonstrated high levels of competence, whereas more maltreated children than nonmaltreated children evidenced low levels of competence. Ego-resiliency, ego-control, and self-esteem were each found to predict individual differences in competent functioning. Evidence for the differential role of ego-control in promoting competence for maltreated versus nonmaltreated children was found. The results are discussed in terms of mechanisms contributing to resilient outcomes in maltreated children and the implications of the study of resilience for the field of developmental psychopathology.
Study of Delay and Loss Behavior of Internet Switch-Markovian Modelling Using Circulant Markov Modulated Poisson Process (CMMPP)

Most of the classical self-similar traffic models are asymptotic in nature. Therefore, it is crucial for an appropriate buffer design of a switch and queuing based performance evaluation. In this paper, we investigate delay and loss behavior of the switch under self-similar fixed length packet traffic by modeling it as CMMPP/D/1 and CMMPP/D/1/K, respectively, where Circulant Markov Modulated Poisson Process (CMMPP) is fitted by equating the variance of CMMPP and that of self-similar traffic. CMMPP model is already the validated one to emulate the self-similar characteristics. We compare the analytical results with the simulation ones.
Teaching Experimental Methods While Bringing Smiles to Your Students' Faces

In this article, we illustrate a simple field experiment that facilitates student understanding of several important methodological issues, including random assignment, equalizing the strength of manipulations, and experimenter bias. The basic hypothesis of the field experiment is that people respond to smiles with smiles but fail to reciprocate frowns. Several classroom replications have demonstrated that this effect is reliable, although the processes underlying the findings are still unknown and consequently generate useful theoretical discussions by students. An evaluation of the demonstration's effectiveness showed that students increased their understanding of experimentation and attributed much of their learning to the field experiment.
The Influence of Affect on Goal Choice and Task Performance

The present study investigated the influence of mood on self-set goals and task performance. Results from 2 studies suggest a restricted view of mood effects in which affective state influences the level of self-set goals or task performance, but not both. Study 2 reveals asymmetrical mood effects on task performance, with positive- and negative-mood participants exceeding the baseline performance of neutral mood participants. Evidence indicates that goal-setting instructions may alter how individuals interpret motivational implications of mood. Although theory implies an inclusive view in which mood has both direct and indirect (through goal-setting) performance effects, the conflicting influences of affect infusion at different points of the goal-striving process may diminish the likelihood of observing inclusive effects.
Law-Abiding & Integrity on the Internet: a Case for Agents 1

Software agents extend the current, information-based Internet to include autonomous mobile processing. In most countries such processes, i.e. software agents are, however, without an explicit legal status. Many of the legal implications of their actions (e.g. gathering information, negotiating terms, performing transactions) are not well understood. One important characteristic of mobile software agents is that they roam the Internet: they often run on agent platforms of others. There often is no pre-existing relation between the ’owner’ of a running agent’s process and the owner of the agent platform on which an agent process runs. When conflicts arise, the position of the agent platform owner is not clear: is he or she allowed to slow down the process or possibly remove it from the system? Can the interests of the user of the agent be protected? This article explores legal and technical perspectives in protecting the integrity and availability of software agents and agent platforms
Predicting Application Resource Requirements in Virtual Environments

Next Generation Data Centers (NGDC) are transforming labor-intensive, hard-coded, siloed systems into shared, virtualized, automated, and fully managed adaptive infrastructures. Virtualization technologies promise great opportunities for reducing energy and hardware costs through server consolidation. Moreover, virtualization can optimize resource sharing among applications hosted in different virtual machines to better meet their resource needs. However, to safely transition an application running natively on real hardware to a virtualized environment, one needs to estimate the additional resource requirements incurred by virtualization overheads. In this work, we design a general approach for estimating the resource requirements of applications when they are transferred to a virtual environment. Our approach has two key components: a set of microbenchmarks to profile the different types of virtualization overhead on a given platform, and a regression-based model that maps the native system usage profile into a virtualized one. This derived model can be used for estimating resource requirements of any application to be virtualized on a given platform. Our approach aims to eliminate error-prone manual processes and presents a fully automated solution. We illustrate the effectiveness of our methodology using Xen virtual machine monitor. Our evaluation shows that our automated model generation procedure effectively characterizes the different virtualization overheads of two diverse hardware platforms and that the models have median prediction error of less than 5% for both the RUBiS and TPC-W benchmarks.
Explanation and Color-Naming Research

Perhaps one of the central assumptions when one comes to think about scientific explanations—an assumption made by philosophers and scientists alike—is that a causal explanation is an optimal explanation. It seems, after all, that an explanation tells us why something happens and that to do so is to specify causes. Although there is nothing wrong with causal explanations per se, many good explanations in science are not in any important sense causal. What I mean by this is that many good explanations in science are compatible with a variety of causal mechanisms and, as such, ignore the details of such mechanisms. I develop this claim in the discussion of color-naming research that follows, where I distinguish between explanation types that are (more) close to causality (actual sequence explanations) and those that are (more) removed from causal details (robust process explanations).
Prescribing proton pump inhibitor and clopidogrel together: current state of recommendations

Purpose of review Conflicting evidence has contributed to confusion regarding the safety of co-prescribing a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and clopidogrel. This review will quantify the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding associated with common cardioprophylactic regimens, review the evidence regarding a PPI–clopidogrel interaction and assess its clinical relevance, and reinforce best-practice recommendations for gastrointestinal bleeding prevention among patients prescribed clopidogrel. Recent findings The COGENT trial confirmed a substantial reduction in gastrointestinal bleeding risk without apparent increase in cardiovascular events when clopidogrel was co-prescribed with omeprazole. These data are consistent with secondary data analyses of large cardiovascular trials and well adjusted observational studies that also failed to confirm a consistent, clinically relevant increase in cardiovascular endpoints or mortality. Individual genetic variations in drug metabolism may contribute to increased cardiac event rates observed in small subsets of the population when PPI is co-prescribed. In the future, pharmacogenomics and point-of-care testing will likely play an emerging role in individualizing prescription strategy. Summary A pragmatic approach dictates an explicit risk–benefit assessment prior to co-prescription to maximize cardiac benefit and minimize the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Tourism degree internships: a longitudinal study

Abstract This case study briefly reviews the development of tourism degrees in the United Kingdom before considering the experiences obtained by students on year-long internship programmes over a period of 8 years. Verbatim confidential comments, from students, are provided and specific transferable skills discussed. Whilst some skills can be developed during the course of an academic programme, it is argued that the internship period can provide a wider range and help clarify career intentions
Measurement of Tourists’ Images: The Repertory Grid Approach

This article suggests that repertory grids are an underused method of eliciting tourists’ images of potential destinations. However, repertory grids possess great potential in the field of tourism research. As opposed to methods commonly used in studies of image, the repertory grid approach is couched in well-tested psychological theory and avoids bias inherent in alternative methods due to prespecification of study attributes. The technique permits the individuals to reveal their own personal constructions of the environment. Such personal constructs are more likely to be relevant explanatory factors in the decision-making process.
Tonal Upstep in Krachi: Evidence for a Register Tier.

While descriptions and analyses of tonal downstep abound, considerably less attention has been devoted to cases involving tonal upstep. This is no doubt due to the relative scarcity of languages that exhibit upstep. The present study examines certain tonal phenomena in Krachi, a language with two phonologically contrastive pitch levels. I argue that the Krachi data are best analyzed as involving an upward shifting of the tonal register (upstep). I then argue that upstep in Krachi provides evidence for the inclusion of a register tier in tonal theory. *
Eight-Year-Old-Pupils' Problem-Solving Processes within a LOGO Learning Environment.

Abstract A LOGO teaching period was arranged for 38 eight‐year‐old Finnish pupils. After the teaching period the pupils’ problem‐solving processes were videotaped in an open LOGO problem‐solving situation. The data analysis focused on the occurrence of the pupils’ social problem solving, effectance motivation and information processing. Cluster analysis was used to identify three clusters which are based on the variables present in the problem‐solving processes. The different clusters’ associations with school readiness and school achievement were analysed. The results indicated that during the problem solving the passive pupils (n = 16) needed a lot of teacher support, the independent pupils (n= 10) displayed considerable self‐directivity and rule making, and impulsive pupils (n = 12) had an off‐task behaviour. The school‐readiness and school‐achievement scores were highest among the independent group, moderate among the impulsive group and lowest among the passive group. The results suggest that LOGO pr.
Lack of conflict during queen production in the social wasp Vespula maculifrons

Social insects display extreme cooperative and helping behaviours. However, social insect colonies are also arenas of intense competitive interactions. One particularly important matter over which colony members may compete centres on the development of sexual offspring. Specifically, colony members may engage in selfish behaviours leading to reproductive competition, whereby individuals either strive to develop as sexuals or assist kin so that close relatives emerge as new reproductives. We investigated whether reproductive competition occurred in the polyandrous social wasp Vespula maculifrons. We genotyped V. maculifrons workers and new queens at eight polymorphic microsatellite loci to determine if larvae of particular genotypes were reared as gynes more frequently than expected by chance. However, we found no significant evidence of reproductive competition in this species. The proportional contributions of males to workers and new queens did not vary within colonies. Moreover, male reproductive skew did not differ between workers and new queens. Finally, novel statistical techniques uncovered no evidence of patriline reversal, the phenomenon whereby males that contribute little to worker production contribute substantially to new queen production. Consequently, we conclude that individual level selection operating to increase the frequency of selfish behaviours that would lead to reproductive competition has been nullified by colony‐level selection acting to maintain colony efficiency and cooperation.
Clinical Use of Methadone

Methadone hydrochloride is a mu-opioid agonist that has been used for the treatment of pain and for the management and maintenance of opioid withdrawal for over 50 years. Several characteristics make methadone a useful drug. However, these same characteristics and wide interpatient variability can make methadone difficult to use safely. A MEDLINE search was conducted on publications between January 1996 and May 2001 to identify literature relevant to this subject. Those publications were reviewed, and from them, other literature was identified and reviewed. Published studies demonstrate methadone's efficacy in pain management and in opioid withdrawal. However, interpatient variability in pharmacokinetic variables of methadone produces difficulties in developing guidelines for methadone use. Clinicians should not be deterred from use of this drug which has been shown to benefit patients in both pain management and methadone maintenance, but an individualized patient approach must be taken to use methadone safely.
ASCA Observations of a Nearby and Massive Galaxy Cluster Abell 3627

The results obtained from ASCA observations of the cluster of galaxies Abell 3627 are presented. This cluster, located behind the Milky Way, was recently found to be a nearby, X-ray bright, and very rich cluster. Pointed observations onto the central region of the cluster gave a gas temperature of ~ 7 keV and a metallicity of about 0.2 solar. An offset pointing to a substructure elongated to the south-east of the cluster center gave a significantly lower temperature of ~ 5 keV. The 2-10 keV luminosity within a radius of 40' (1.1 Mpc) is estimated to be 3.7 x 10 44 erg s _1 . The X-ray data imply a cluster mass of about 4x 10 14i\4) within 40'.
Impact of Off State Stress on advanced high-K metal gate NMOSFETs

In this work we have investigated the impact of Off State Stress (OSS) on nMOSFETs in High-K/Metal Gate (HKMG) technology. Although in standard poly-SiO2/SiON devices the impact of OSS is relatively limited and causes an increase in VTH, in the case of HKMG larger degradation is observed, with negative VTH shift. A significant increase of the device Off state leakage is observed, causing a serious issue for high voltage and low power oriented circuits.