Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Performance and Robust SRAM Cell Based on Asymmetric Dual-$k$ Spacer FinFETs

This paper proposes a new asymmetric underlap Fin-Field Effect Transistor (FinFET) structure using a dual- k spacer. Asymmetric dual-spacer at source shows excellent gate control over the channel due to increase in the outer fringe field at gate/source underlap. Hence, this structure exhibits a superior short-channel effect metric over the conventional/single-spacer underlap FinFET. The proposed asymmetric structure enhances static random access memories (SRAMs) performance in terms of robustness, access times as well as leakage power during the hold, read, and write operations. The hold static noise margin and write margin increases by 5.16% and 5.66%, respectively. The read stability enhances by 13.75% and 19.35% over conventional FinFET SRAM circuit. Furthermore, the leakage power reduces by 60%, and write access time improves by 23.63%. Compared with conventional FinFET-based SRAM, same bit-cell area and read delay are associated with the proposed structure. Supply voltage scalability on SRAM design metrics is also investigated. In addition to SRAM application, underlap length, lateral source/drain doping gradient, and the high- k spacer width are optimized for high-performance digital applications.
An Adaptive Parser for Arabic Language Processing

In this study, we present a robust bottom-up Arabic parser that investigates the correctness of Arabic sentences by passing them through a set of predetermined states relying on their individual words. The major benefit of our approach is the reduced number of backup states tested when determining the grammatical structure of a given sentence. The proposed approach is optimized to tokenize the input sentences correctly since accurate tokenization is the essential step of the parser; this process also reduces the parsing time. Our proposed parser is extendable; hence, it allows new words to be added to the lexicon, i.e. the lexicon is built dynamically. Experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach in checking correctly numerable sentences with different lengths. The accuracy was 85.88% when tested on a sample of 170 Arabic sentences taken from an existing Arabic text taught in k-12 grade levels.
BREXIT: THE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL IMPACT OF A POSSIBLE WITHDRAWAL OF GREAT BRITAIN’S FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION

Great Britain’s withdrawal from the European Union would not only change the internal political climate, but it could have important political repercussions within the EU and also on its relations with other European Community’s countries. Also, it could stimulate the other EU Member States to re-evaluate the terms and conditions of their membership. The same applies if Great Britain fails to renegotiate these terms and conditions while keeping the status of EU member. A priority for the UK is to maintain close trade relations with the EU, even if politically it would opt for withdrawal. In the event of possible withdrawal from the EU, Great Britain could conclude an agreement with the EU following the example of a customs union (after Turkey’s model). In this case, it would not be obliged to contribute to the EU budget or accept immigration from the EU member states. Last but not least, from a geopolitical point of view, Great Britain's exit from the EU could be seen externally as a sign of decline, EU losing its financial, economic, political and military powerhouse. From this point of view, the European Union itself have a significant political and economic interest to conclude a mutually beneficial agreement with Great Britain considering that it could terminate its EU membership.
Relating information and value disciplines

Shows, giving examples, how information technology is changing business practices. Investigates the benefits of information systems which are brought about by structural changes to processes and organizations. Identifies three value disciplines on which market leaders concentrate ‐ operational excellence, customer intimacy and product leadership. Concludes that information processes operate to achieve better control and efficiency, enhance productivity and harness innovation.
Minocycline: A neuroprotective agent for hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury in the neonate?

Minocycline is a second‐generation tetracycline and a potential neuroprotective intervention following brain injury. However, despite the recognized beneficial effects of minocycline in a multitude of adult disease states, the clinical application of minocycline in neonates is contentious. Tetracyclines, as a class, are not usually administered to neonates, but there is compelling evidence that minocycline reduces brain injury after neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury. This Review focuses on the evidence for minocycline use in neonates by considering aspects of pharmacology, drug regimens, functional outcomes, and mechanisms of action. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human Kidneys Play an Important Role in the Elimination of Propofol

Background:Extrahepatic clearance of propofol has been suggested because its total body clearance exceeds hepatic blood flow. However, it remains uncertain which organs are involved in the extrahepatic clearance of propofol. In vitro studies suggest that the kidneys contribute to the clearance of this drug. The purpose of this study was to confirm whether human kidneys participate in propofol disposition in vivo. Methods:Ten patients scheduled to undergo nephrectomy were enrolled in this study. Renal blood flow was measured using para-aminohippurate. Anesthesia was induced with vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg) and propofol (2 mg/kg) and then maintained with nitrous oxide (60%), sevoflurane (1∼2%) in oxygen, and an infusion of propofol (2 mg · kg−1 · h−1). Radial arterial blood for propofol and para-aminohippurate analysis was collected from a cannula inserted in the radial artery. The renal venous sample and the radial arterial sample were obtained at the same time after the steady state of propofol was established. Results:The renal extraction ratio of propofol was 0.58 ± 0.15 (mean ± SD). The renal clearance of propofol was 0.41 ± 0.15 l/min (mean ± SD), or 27 ± 9.9% (mean ± SD) of total body clearance. Conclusion:Human kidneys play an important role in the elimination of propofol.
Fecal sludge-derived pellet fertilizer in maize cultivation

Fecal sludge (FS) contains significant amounts of plant nutrients and organic matter although it also contains pathogens. Therefore, FS can be used as fertilizer after proper sanitization. This study was designed to test dried fecal sludge (DFS)-based pellet fertilizers on maize cultivation. The DFS fertilizers were produced by composting, co-composting with sawdust, or irradiated by gamma-irradiation, and then nitrogen-enriched and pelletized using gelatinized or gamma-irradiated cassava starch. These DFS pellet fertilizers were compared to each other and to no-fertilization, mineral fertilizer, and agro-industrial waste compost. The fertilizer applications were 150 or 210 kgN/ha. Maize was cultivated in pots containing Cambisol and Ferric Lixisol growth media. The EC-SDFS-PG pellet (DFS + sawdust co-composted, enriched with nitrogen and pelletized) at a rate of 210 kgN/ha produced the highest maize yield (4.4 ton/ha) among all other treatments, while mineral fertilizer produced 3.9 ton/ha. It is concluded that the EC-SDFS-PG pellet produces similar or higher maize yields than mineral fertilizer and more than the agro-industrial compost in both growth media types.
Anaphylactic Reactions to Aprotinin Reexposure in Cardiac Surgery: Relation to Antiaprotinin Immunoglobulin G and E Antibodies

BackgroundAprotinin, a serine proteinase inhibitor, reduces bleeding during cardiac surgery. As aprotinin is derived from bovine lung, it has antigenic properties. This investigation examined the incidence of anaphylactic reactions in patients reexposed to aprotinin and the relation to preformed antiaprotinin immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgE antibodies. MethodsThis prospective observational study conducted at five centers in Germany evaluated patients undergoing repeat cardiac surgery reexposed to aprotinin between 1995 and 1996. Antiaprotinin IgG and IgE antibody measurements, using a noncommercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an immunofluorescence assay, respectively, were performed preoperatively and postoperatively. An anaphylactic reaction was defined as major changes from baseline within 10 min of aprotinin administration of systolic pressure 20% or greater, heart rate 20% or greater, inspiratory pressure greater than 5 cm H2O, or a skin reaction. ResultsIn 121 cases (71 adults, 46 children), a mean aprotinin reexposure interval of 1,654 days (range, 16–7,136 days) was observed. Preoperative antiaprotinin IgG (optical density ratio > 3) and IgE antibodies (radioallergosorbent test [RAST] score < 3) were detected in 18 and 9 patients, respectively. High concentrations of each (IgG, optical density ratio > 10; IgE, RAST score ≥ 3) were detected in five patients. Three patients (2.5%; 95% confidence interval, 0.51–7.1%) experienced an anaphylactic reaction after aprotinin exposure, followed by full recovery; these patients had reexposure intervals less than 6 months (22, 25, and 25 days) and the highest preoperative IgG concentrations of all patients (P < 0.05). Assay sensitivity was 100%, as no anaphylactic reactions occurred in IgG-negative patients (95% confidence interval, 0.0–3.1%); assay specificity was 98%. Preoperative IgE measurements were quantifiable in two of three reactive patients and in three nonreacting patients. ConclusionsQuantitative detection of antiaprotinin IgE and IgG lacks specificity for predictive purposes; however, quantitation of antiaprotinin IgG may identify patients at risk for developing an anaphylactic reaction to aprotinin reexposure.
Where Does Location Affordability Drive Residential Mobility? An Analysis of Origin and Destination Communities

Abstract Despite an overall decrease in residential mobility after the 2007 housing crisis, many households, particularly those that are low income, continue to move in pursuit of a better life. Traditional theories of residential mobility suggest that mobility will occur when housing and transportation costs are cumulatively greater than the cost of moving to a new location. At the same time, the influence of these factors is not likely to be uniform across geographic contexts or for moves up or down the metropolitan hierarchy. Our analysis examines how well affordability measures explain patterns of county-level residential mobility. Specifically, we contrast conventional measures of affordability focused on the ratio of income to housing expense with measures of location affordability that factor in both housing and transportation costs. We find that whereas households tend to move from lower to higher cost locations, transit affordability at the destination plays an important role in mobility decisions.
Uplink Contention Based Multiple Access for 5G Cellular IoT

This paper introduces novel UL access methods for 5G cellular IoT where devices can directly send a scheduler grant or a small data packet in the contention-based (CB) manner. The novelty of this work is in the combination of medium access control (MAC) contention access with physical layer optimization with new numerology applied to single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) waveforms to remove the need for pre-synchronization of devices on the uplink (UL). An analysis of the new procedures compared with the current LTE random access procedure is provided. The simulation results show that over 50% latency reduction and about 500% capacity increment can be achieved by contention based scheduling request (CB SR) compare to the LTE UL grant via random access. Further, it is shown that CB data is a viable method to transmit small data packets compare to LTE scheduling request via random access followed by scheduled data transmission.
Role Clarity and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: Does Tenure Matter? A Study on Indian Power Sector

Links between role and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) were already signalled in early studies. However, empirical validation on the relation between the two is still unavailable. Inspired by the theory of social exchange, this study explores the relation between role clarity and OCB’s dimensions in the Indian power sector. To further the analysis, the relation was moderated with tenure levels. This study is based upon the responses gathered from 300 Indian executives. Higher statistical tools, such as Bonferroni method, path analysis and subgroup analyses, are deployed with help of multiple group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) to record the validated results. A significant relationship was found between role clarity and OCB dimensions. While, OCB dimensions recorded mixed results across tenure stages, they showed a general trend of increased score on higher tenure stage with role clarity as independent variable. Also, public organizations scored better than the private organizations on role clarity–OCB dimensions relationship. Findings along with implications and future scope are discussed in this article.
Analysis and Specification of Switching Frequency in Parallel Active Power Filter Regarding Compensation Characteristics of Generators

The choice of switching frequency is a very important issue for the development of Parallel Active Power Filter (PAPF), but so far is lack of discussion in a quantitative manner from previous publications. In this paper, an extensive analysis on the switching frequency to the performance of PAPF is carried out, and a specification of the switching frequency values with different compensation results is presented. First, the approximate models are presented. The PAPF are considered as a first-order inertia element and a second-order oscillation element respectively. The magnitude and phase of each order harmonic current are obtained at different switching frequency. The relationship between the output current and the reference current is shown. Second, with different types of system loads which are rectifier with resistance and inductance load and rectifier with resistance, inductance and capacitance load, the total output current is carried out with different switching frequencies, and the THD is proposed, that is, the compensation characteristic is analyzed. Third, the influence of source impedance and load impedance on the compensation characteristic is discussed when the switching frequency is different. Based on these analyses, the specification of compensation characteristics with different switching frequencies is quite straight forward. Both simulation investigations and hardware experimental results are finally provided to verify the analysis and specification.
Neurotransmitter and Depolarization‐Stimulated Accumulation of Inositol 1,3,4,5‐Tetrakisphosphate Mass in Rat Cerebral Cortex Slices

Abstract: [32P]Inositol 1,3,4,5‐tetrakisphosphate ([32P]Ins(1,3,4,5)P4) binds to a rat cerebellar membrane site with high affinity (KD=2.8 ± 0.6 nM) and low capacity (Bmax= 176 ± 34 fmol/mg of protein). Evidence for a low‐affinity site (KD=164 ± 48 nM) was also apparent. The high‐affinity site displayed marked specificity for the lns (1,3,4,5)P4 isomer, compared with several other inositol poly phosphates, and has been used as the basis of a radioreceptor assay for Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 in extracts of rat cerebral cortex slices. The resting Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 concentration (1.89 ± 0.11 pmol/mg of protein) in the slices was rapidly and dramatically increased by carbachol and quisqualate. K+ depolarization of cerebral cortex slices also stimulated Ins(1,3,4,5)PP4 accumulation, with at least 50% of the response being sensitive to atropine, a result indicating that muscarinic receptor stimulation by released acetylcholine contributes significantly to the K+ effect
Vaccination of rabbits with recombinant vaccinia virus carrying the envelope gene of human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type I

Two groups of 3 rabbits each were immunized with either recombinant vaccinia virus, WR‐SFB5env, carrying the human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV‐1) env gene at the site of the hemagglutinin gene of the WR strain, or control vaccinia virus, HA‐WR, lacking the functional hemagglutinin gene. All 6 rabbits responded with anti‐vaccinia virus antibodies. WR‐SFB5env elicited anti‐HTLV‐1 env antibodies but no vesicular stomatitis virus (HTLV‐1) pseudotype neutralizing antibodies in all 3 rabbits. After 10 weeks, the animals were challenged by transfusion of blood from an HTLV‐1‐infected rabbit. Two of the 3 vaccinated rabbits and all 3 control rabbits became infected with HTLV‐1, as indicated by seroconversion and detection of HTLV‐1 proviral sequences by polymerase chain reaction. The rabbit that had been protected from initial challenge became infected with HTLV‐1 upon rechallenge 12 weeks after the first challenge. In view of the proven prophylactic effect of passive immunization against HTLV‐1, our vaccine trial failed because WR‐SFB5env was incapable of inducing neutralizing antibodies against HTLV‐1 in the immunized animals. It remains to be studied whether cell‐mediated immunity such as antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity was involved in the temporary protection of I vaccinated rabbit.
An improved modelling and construction of power transformer for controlled leakage inductance

In this work, a transformer with increased leakage inductance for the soft switched power applications is presented as a practical solution by constructing a transformer with good control over the leakage inductance. An analytical reluctance based model is presented, which accurately predicts the leakage inductance. With the presented approach, a transformer is designed with a leakage inductance varying between 3-7μH. Increasing the efficiency and improving the power density has been the main focus of power electronics researchers in the recent years. In this regards, transformers with increased leakage inductance are becoming more popular in order to accomplish different soft switching concepts and for improving the power density.
Finding a Near-Maximum Independent Set of a Circle Graph by Using Genetic Algorithm with Conditional Genetic Operators

The maximum independent set problem is of central importance combinatorial optimization problem. It has many practical applications in science and engineering. In this paper, we propose a genetic algorithm based approach to solve the problem. In the proposed approach, the genetic operators are performed basing on condition instead of probability. The proposed algorithm is tested on a large number of instances and the simulation results show that the proposed method is superior to its competitors.
Nearly instantaneous collision and interference detection using in-band full duplex

In wireless communication it is assumed that transmitting nodes are unable to detect collisions. However, using recent advances in in-band full duplex, a system can be developed where the self-transmitted signal is sufficiently canceled in order to detect ongoing collisions. Enabling concurrent transmission and collision detection can greatly improve wireless communication by enhancing throughput and decreasing delay and energy consumption. For this demo, we implemented a real-time collision and interference detection algorithm on the FPGA of a USRP. Inband full duplex is enabled using an electrical balance duplexer. A second USRP is used to generate interfering signals on demand.
Effect of Streptavidin RGD Mutant on the Adhesion of Endothelial Cells

Adhesion of endothelial cells (EC) to surfaces can be enhanced by supplementing the integrin‐mediated adhesion with high‐affinity streptavidin (SA) that links a biotinylated EC to a biotinylated surface. Biotin pullout from the EC membrane limits the effectiveness of this treatment, leading to a predominance of EC detachment by cohesive failure. In this study we investigated whether a RGD‐SA mutant that links SA to EC integrin receptors, and eliminates EC biotinylation, improves EC adhesion. Suspended EC were incubated with the RGD‐SA mutant prior to cell seeding, primarily via attachment to the RGD binding site on αvβ3 integrin. RGD‐SA‐incubated EC were subsequently seeded onto a surface preadsorbed with a mixture of fibronectin (Fn) and biotinylated bovine serum albumin (b‐BSA). Results showed EC adhesion supplemented with the RGD‐SA‐biotin system significantly increased cell retention under flow, critical shear stresses for detachment, focal contact area, and force per bond relative to SA used with biotinylated EC. These increases were accompanied by significant reductions in membrane fragments left behind following EC detachment, which suggested cohesive failure via cell membrane rupture was significantly reduced, and enhanced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, which suggested activation and clustering of integrin receptors. Together, these results show that the integrin‐independent augmentation of EC adhesion using SA‐biotin can be further improved through use of an RGD‐SA mutant.
Attenuated liver fibrosis and depressed serum albumin levels in carbon tetrachloride‐treated IL‐6‐deficient mice

Chronic intermittent injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) for more than 10 weeks induced liver fibrosis in mice, as evidenced by positive Azan staining and increased intrahepatic collagen content. Preceding the onset of liver fibrosis, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) gene expression was enhanced in liver and immunoreactive IL‐6 was detected in infiltrating inflammatory cells. To delineate the role of IL‐6 in this process, we treated IL‐6‐deficient mice with CCl4 in a similar manner for 12 weeks, after which fibrotic changes were less evident and serum albumin levels were lower in IL‐6‐deficient than wild‐type mice. Moreover, CCl4‐induced expression of transforming growth factor β1 and hepatocyte growth factor genes in liver was significantly reduced in IL‐6‐deficient mice. Thus, IL‐6 may be vitally involved in fibrotic changes and maintenance of serum albumin levels, partly by modulating intrahepatic expression of these cytokines. J. Leukoc. Biol. 66: 601–608; 1999.