Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Formulation of the Real-Time Feasibility Region for Design Optimization

In the design of time-critical applications, schedulability analysis is used to define the feasibility region of tasks with deadlines, so that optimization techniques can find the best design solution within the timing constraints. The formulation of the feasibility region based on the response time calculation requires many integer variables and is too complex for solvers. Approximation techniques have been used to define a convex subset of the feasibility region, used in conjunction with a branch and bound approach to compute suboptimal solutions for optimal task period selection, priority assignment, or placement of tasks onto CPUs. In this paper, we provide an improved and simpler real-time schedulability test that allows an exact and efficient definition of the feasibility region in Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) optimization. Our method requires a significantly smaller number of binary variables and is viable for the treatment of industrial-size problem, as shown by the experiments.
Arbitrary Coupling of Input / Output Devices with In-Kernel Data Streaming

This work presents a new I/O system design and implementation targeted at applications that perform data streaming. The work targets minmization of data copies for streaming transfers between any pair of I/O devices in a system. The approach is applicable in both virtual and physical addressing environments and yields true zero-copy transfers between I/O devices in many instances. We present a general characterization of I/O elements and an analysis of the potential for zero-copy transfers. We then describe a set of algorithms designed specifically to minimize copies for orthogonal pairings of devices. Finally, the design, implementation, and performance of a prototype I/O system in a real-time, embeddable, 32-bit operating system that is based on the is also presented to support our assertions. This prototype system makes use of a global buffer cache and common APIs for all I/O elements to allow pass-by-reference transfers of buffers between distinct I/O subsystems.
The Politics of Nature: Wordsworth and Some Contemporaries

List of Illustrations Abbreviations A Note on Texts Preface Acknowledgements Introduction PART ONE 'Unremembered Kindness': George Dyer and the Poets Robert Southey, Pantisocracy, and the Poet's Myth Living Without God in the World: Lamb, Coleridge, Wordsworth PART TWO John Thelwall's Essay, Towards a Definition of Animal Vitality The Prison Diary of John Augustus Bonney PART THREE Wordsworth's Secrecy: Gorsas and 'The Philanthropist' The Politics of the Wye Valley: Re-Placing 'Tintern Abbey' 'Adam of a New World': Lyrical Ballads and The Prelude Epilogue: The Noise of the Sea Appendix 1: Robert Southey and the Origin of Pantisocracy Appendix 2: A Checklist of Persons in Bonney's Diary Notes Bibliography Index
Asthma-Related School Absenteeism and School Concentration of Low-Income Students in California

Introduction Asthma is one of the leading causes of school absenteeism. Previous studies have shown that school absenteeism is related to family income of individual students. However, there is little research examining whether school absenteeism is related to school-level concentration of low-income students, independent of family income. The objective of this study was to examine whether the proportion of low-income students at a school was related to school absenteeism due to asthma. Methods Using data from the 2007 California Health Interview Survey, a population-based survey of California households, we examined the association between attending schools with high concentrations of low-income students and missing school because of asthma, adjusting for demographic characteristics, asthma severity, and health insurance status. Schools with high concentrations of low-income students were identified on the basis of the percentage of students participating in the free and reduced-price meal program, data publicly available from the California Department of Education. Results Students attending schools with the highest concentrations of low-income students were more likely to miss school because of asthma. Students from low-income families, younger students, those with more frequent asthma symptoms, or those taking prescription asthma medications also were more likely to miss school because of asthma. Conclusion The use of school-level interventions to decrease school absenteeism due to asthma should be explored, especially in schools with high concentrations of low-income students. Potential interventions could include school-based asthma education and disease management or indoor and outdoor air pollution control.
Employment in Long-Term Care. Report on Poland

The report discusses the formal long-term care workforce in Poland. It presents past and future trends in the development of LTC employment. Authors collected scattered statistical information, estimated lacking data and projected future growth in the number of employed in care services. Performed analysis includes employment in the health and social sector and across various types of care. Projections of the demand for care and supply of the LTC workforce were based on the demographic prognosis of the population size and changes in the age structure taking into account different scenarios for demographic development. Results show the growing gap between demand and supply in the LTC employment. The policy towards aging in Poland will must take up the challenge of growing care needs, family changes and lower opportunities for provision of informal care.
Inwestycje infrastrukturalne jako instrument pobudzenia gospodarki w warunkach kryzysu finansowego

Artykuł przedstawia przyczyny i przebieg obecnego kryzysu finansowego oraz wpływ perturbacji na światowych rynkach finansowych na polską gospodarkę, w szczególności na warunki realizowania inwestycji przez podmioty publiczne. Kryzys w Polsce miał charakter egzogeniczny, nie wymagał dotychczas bezpośrednich działań państwa w celu ratowania instytucji finansowych. Tym niemniej państwo powinno poprzez instrumenty antycykliczne wspierać pobudzenie gospodarki. Kluczową rolę w tym procesie mogą pełnić inwestycje infrastrukturalne, powodujące wzrost produkcji i przeciwdziałające bezrobociu, jak również zwiększające konkurencyjność polskiej gospodarki w długim okresie. Z jednej strony kryzys finansowy uderzył w Polskę w momencie realizowania olbrzymich programów rozwoju infrastruktury, ale z drugiej nastąpiło istotne obniżenie kosztów ich realizacji.
The Employment Effects of Active Social Policy

We analyse the effects of active social policy (ASP) on the dynamics of welfare dependence. We evaluate the impact of various ASP measures (employment and training) on the duration of welfare spells and subsequent employment spells, based on data from Denmark. The results show that employment measures improve the chances of leaving welfare dependence whereas training measures have detrimental effects on the exit rate from welfare spells. We investigate the optimal timing of ASP and show that there is a case for assigning individuals to early participation in employment programmes, as the net effect is larger the earlier participation begins.
Unbounding entrepreneurial intents of university students: a multidisciplinary perspective

Entrepreneurial activities are seen as key drivers of innovation, job creation, and economic growth. Recent efforts are being pursued by several entities, including governments to promote entrepreneurial skills amongst the youngest. However, to design effective programs, policy makers have to uncover the determinants of entrepreneurship. To avoid that such efforts would be fruitless we argue that a multidisciplinary account of entrepreneurial intents among students is mandatory, circumventing past biased analysis towards business and engineering areas. Thus, in this paper we present the results of a survey to all final year university students of the largest Portuguese university. It encompasses a sample of 2431 students enrolled in 60 different undergraduate courses of 14 schools/faculties. Results evidence that the average entrepreneurial intents reaches a reasonable (by international standards) figure of 27%, with students enrolled in non-traditionally entrepreneurial focused areas – Humanities, Sports, Health and Sciences – and courses - Pharmacy, Veterinary, Law, Languages, History, History of the Arts and Archaeology, Sports, Biology and Chemistry, Dentistry - revealing higher entrepreneurial intents. Based on logit estimations, we further found that psychological factors, such as risk propensity, leadership profile, and creativeness, are the most important (positive) determinants of students’ entrepreneurial intents. Contextual factors (e.g., family background and professional experience) failed to emerge as critical factors in explaining students’ entrepreneurial intents - only business context emerged as important. Despite such results might at a first glance convey the idea that education policy for promoting entrepreneurship has limited application, we argue that it is not the case. What is required is different policy measures targeting students’ attitudes and behaviors in both business and non business areas, avoiding the long-established mistake of confining entrepreneurial education related programs within business schools.
Choroidal thickness in healthy Chinese subjects.

PURPOSE To study posterior choroidal thickness and its profile based on location in a healthy Chinese population and to determine its correlation with age and refractive error. METHODS A total of 210 healthy volunteers (420 eyes) with no ophthalmic disease history were recruited. Choroidal scans were obtained for all eyes using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and choroidal thickness at 1 mm/3 mm temporal, nasal, superior, and inferior to the fovea were measured. RESULTS The choroid was thickest underneath the fovea (261.93 ± 88.42 μm). At 1 mm and 3 mm to the fovea, the choroid temporally was thicker than nasally. Mean SFCT in subjects younger than 60 years of age were 294.63 ± 75.90 μm, and no correlation between SFCT and age was noted. Mean SFCT in subjects older than 60 years of age was 196.52 ± 74.42 μm, much thinner than that for subjects younger than 60 years of age. A significant negative correlation was found between SFCT and age in subjects older than 60 years of age. CONCLUSIONS Age is critical for evaluation of choroidal thickness. However, SFCT has no correlation with age in subjects younger than 60 years of age. In subjects older than 60 years of age, SFCT was significantly negatively correlated with age, and decreased by 5.40 μm for each year of life.
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We develop and test a New Keynesian model of inflation dynamics based on the presence of idiosyncratic shocks to firms’ marginal costs. We show that if firms ignore economy-wide influences on their marginal costs, inflation will exhibit a greater degree of inertia than the conventional New Keynesian model suggests. Credible disinflationary policies are likely to be accompanied by recessions rather than booms and the economy can, in principle, respond to monetary shocks in a way that is consistent with the stylised facts. The model imposes testable restrictions which cannot be rejected using quarterly data for the UK and the US. Finally we demonstrate, through a series of simulation experiments, the plausibility of the model’s central assumption that firms will rationally choose to ignore economy-wide influences on their costs.
Gender equity and fertility intentions in Italy and the Netherlands

Fertility levels have fallen drastically in most industrialized countries. Diverse theoretical and empirical frameworks have had difficulty in explaining these unprecedented low levels of fertility. More recently, however, attention has turned from classic explanations, such as women’s increased labour market participation, to gender equity as the essential link to understand this phenomenon. The increase in women’s labour market participation did not prompt an increase in men’s domestic duties, which is often referred to women’s ‘dual burden’ or ‘second shift’. Institutions and policies within countries also facilitate or constrain the combination of women’s employment with fertility. This paper provides an empirical test of gender equity theory by examining whether the unequal division of household labour leads to lower fertility intentions of women in different institutional contexts. Italy constitutes a case of high gender inequity, low female labour market participation and the lowest-low fertility. The Netherlands has moderate to low gender inequity, high part-time female labour market participation and comparatively higher fertility. Using data from the 2003 Italian Multipurpose Survey - Family and Social Actors and the 2004/5 Dutch sample from the European Social Survey, a series of logistic regression models test this theory. A central finding is that the unequal division of household labour only has a significant impact on women’s fertility intentions when they already carry the load of high paid work hours or children, a finding that is particularly significant for working women in Italy.
Development and Analysis of an in Vitro Model of Inflammatory Cytokine-mediated Idiosyncratic Drug Hepatotoxicity Maschlus E'rtts "@bulletst-um 3 6-cytokine/lps Multiplexing 26 4 Identifying Drug-cytokine Synergies Materials and Methods 2.1 Cell Culture 2.1.1 Human Hepatoma Cell Lines

ARCHIVES Development and analysis of an in vitro model of inflammatory cytokine-mediated idiosyncratic drug hepatotoxicity Idiosyncratic drug reactions are a subset of adverse reactions frequently targeting the liver, which become obvious only in large sample populations. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity, occurring in a very small fraction of patients, poses a major challenge to pharmaceutical companies due to its unknown mechanism(s) of action and deficient models for study. In vitro model systems may have the potential to predict this liver injury by generating conditions possibly representing key processes involved, both directly and indirectly, in drug effects on cellular physiology. Our ultimate goal is to develop an in vitro model effectively mimicking certain relevant aspects of the in vivo response of the human liver. In our initial effort described herein, we have designed a novel cell-based system using alternatively in both a human hepatoma cell line and primary rat hepatocytes to study toxic effects in a background reflecting in vivo inflammatory conditions. This background incorporates bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration along with inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor, interferon y, interleukin-1 a, interleukin-113, and interleukin-6) previously shown to increase in LPS-administrated rats. Our study began with an investigation of toxicities that are induced by combinations of five cytokines and LPS in HepG2 and C3A human hepatoma cell lines and in primary rat hepatocytes. Informed by the results of these experiments, we selected representative cytokine/LPS treatments and cell systems to examine drug-cytokine synergies in vitro and were able to identify multiple idiosyncratic hepatotoxins that induced synergistic toxicity in either the HepG2 cell line or primary rat hepatocytes. Finally, we measured the sensitization of these cell systems to a panel of these drugs, given an inflammatory background induced by an abbreviated set of cytokine treatments including four cytokines and LPS. Analysis of this multivariate drug-cytokine toxicity data set yielded a subset of representative cytokine treatments for future drug-cytokine synergy investigations. This subset will be used to characterize the differences between cell systems, including cultured human hepatocytes, and to hopefully develop a data-driven partial least squares regression model that predicts idiosyncratic liver injury. The implications are twofold. First, this model could provide direction to pharmaceutical companies in focusing their drug discovery and development. Second, it could help physicians design better treatment plans for their patients. Acknowledgements This thesis work would not have been possible without the guidance and support of my advisor, colleagues, friends, and family. Thanks to: Douglas …
The systematic review of literature in LIS: an approach

Systematic reviews have become an important source of information and very popular in knowledge areas as health and allied sciences, but nevertheless, despite its indisputable benefits, they are yet infrequently used in Library and Information Science research (LIS). Systematic reviews are a type of scientific research that aims to integrate in an objective and systematic manner the results of empirical studies on a particular research problem in order to determine the state of the question in its field of study. In this paper, we provide a brief survey on the literature reviews in the social science area and we propose the adoption of the systematic review as a methodology for recovering, analyzing, evaluating and critical appraising the relevant literature in library and information science (LIS).
Machine learning-based coreference resolution of concepts in clinical documents

OBJECTIVE Coreference resolution of concepts, although a very active area in the natural language processing community, has not yet been widely applied to clinical documents. Accordingly, the 2011 i2b2 competition focusing on this area is a timely and useful challenge. The objective of this research was to collate coreferent chains of concepts from a corpus of clinical documents. These concepts are in the categories of person, problems, treatments, and tests. DESIGN A machine learning approach based on graphical models was employed to cluster coreferent concepts. Features selected were divided into domain independent and domain specific sets. Training was done with the i2b2 provided training set of 489 documents with 6949 chains. Testing was done on 322 documents. RESULTS The learning engine, using the un-weighted average of three different measurement schemes, resulted in an F measure of 0.8423 where no domain specific features were included and 0.8483 where the feature set included both domain independent and domain specific features. CONCLUSION Our machine learning approach is a promising solution for recognizing coreferent concepts, which in turn is useful for practical applications such as the assembly of problem and medication lists from clinical documents.
The Wealth Of Cities: Revitalizing The Centers Of American Life

* Introduction * You Cant Build a City on Pity * How to Cut Government Spending and Live to Tell about It * Safe Haven * Work and the City * The Best Schools * How the Government Killed Affordable Housing * City-States * Clean City, Rich City * U.S. Autobahns * The New Urbanism * Lessons in Civic Life
Political Parties and Electoral Change: Party Responses to Electoral Markets

Introduction - Peter Mair, Wolfgang C M[um]uller and Fritz Plasser Electoral Challenges and Party Responses Party Responses to the Changing Electoral Market in Britain - Paul Webb Ephemeral Victories? France's Governing Parties, the Ecologists, and the Far Right - Andrew Knapp Embracing Dealignment, Combating Realignment - Susan E Scarrow German Parties Respond Party Responses to Electoral Dealignment in Italy - Luciano Bardi Party Responses to the Erosion of Voter Loyalties in Austria - Wolfgang C M[um]uller, Fritz Plasser and Peter A Ulram Weakness as an Advantage and Strength as a Handicap Political Parties and Their Reactions to the Erosion of Voter Loyalty in Belgium - Kris Deschouwer Caught in a Trap Electoral Fortunes and Responses of the Social Democratic Party and Liberal Party in Denmark - Lars Bille and Karina Pedersen Ups and Downs Political Parties in Electoral Markets in Postwar Ireland - Peter Mair and Michael Marsh Conclusion - Peter Mair, Wolfgang C M[um]uller and Fritz Plasser Political Parties in Changing Electoral Markets
Focusing on Children: Preservice Teachers Use Stories To Plan and Reflect on Teaching.

The preservice teachers who participated in this study were first semester seniors in a Social Studies Methods class. The study took place in the second year of a university/public school partnership program between the elementary education faculty at Indiana University South Bend and teachers at six schools within the South Bend Community School. Corporation where education students participate in field placement classes. The traditional lesson plan was reframed as a story, in the hope that stories would provide a means for preservice teachers to interpret and reinterpret teaching events. It was also hoped that by using a story format to plan and reflect on teaching, students would create an image of instructional activities with children as the focus. Step one consists of writing a lesson plan containing the elements of setting, characters, and plot. Step two is the actual teaching of the lesson, using the predictive story as a framework for the who, what, and where of instruction. After the lesson, step three is rewriting the story and describing what actually happened, with the second story becoming a description of the instructional sequence. Analysis of the process showed that the story lesson plan seemed to help preservice teachers anticipate learners' responses, allowed preservice teachers to express their personal concerns about teaching the lesson, and helped them focus more on learners. (Contains 25 references.) (MS) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
Introduction to the Mathematics of Finance: From Risk Management to Options Pricing

Preface. - Introduction. - Probability I: Introduction to Discrete Probability. - Portfolio Management and the Capital Asset Pricing Model. - Background on Options. - An Aperitif on Arbitrage. - Probability II: More Discrete Probability. - Discrete-Time Pricing Models. - The Cox-Ross-Rubinstein Model. - Probability III: Continuous Probability. - The Black-Scholes Option Pricing Formula. - Optimal Stopping and American Options. - Appendix: Convexity and Separation.