Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stopping a Phishing Attack, Even when the Victims Ignore Warnings

Several factors make phishing a very challenging security problem. First, the victim unknowingly assists the attacker, by typing her credentials into a spoofed web site. Second, it is hard to identify web sites as suspicious using a fixed algorithm: phishers adapt quickly, and it is difficult to anticipate the ingenuity of all future attackers with a fixed set of rules. Third, users tend to ignore popups or security warnings: a good detection system doesn’t help if users “drive past” the alerts. The scheme we propose overcomes these difficulties. We assume that victims will type their passwords at insecure sites, we assume that phishers will adapt, and we assume that many or most victims will ignore all the warnings we give. And yet, we save substantially all users. The scheme is very simple, and consists of a client browser plug-in and a server component. The client detects when passwords are re-used at unfamiliar sites, and reports this fact to the server. Only when several clients report suspicious re-use events against a target/phisher pair of sites does the phisher get added to a Unique Password Required list. Our scheme does not assume that users have different passwords for different sites: we expect that they recycle a small number of passwords for all their accounts. Our scheme has no blacklist: no user is ever blocked from navigating to a site. We do have a Unique Password Required list, but the consequences of getting on this list are mild. Even if perfectly innocent sites end up on this list, nobody is prevented from logging into a pre-existing account. The harshest consequence of being mistakenly suspected is that those setting up new accounts will be forced to choose unique passwords. Finally, even users who typed their password at a phishing site before it was suspected can be saved: the credentials of all compromised accounts are sent to the site under attack.
Examining the correlation between diabetes and odontogenic infection: A nationwide, retrospective, matched-cohort study in Taiwan

More than 90% of head and neck infections are caused by pathological changes originating in the teeth. When odontogenic infections are not properly treated, infections may spread to distant spaces and cause more serious infections in fascial spaces, ultimately leading to deep neck infections. Clinical experience has indicated that patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) may be more susceptible to facial cellulitis and deep neck infections caused by odontogenic infections. This study used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database (NHIRD) to analyze and examine the correlation between DM and odontogenic infections in patients. To this end, this study analyzed 1 million NHIRD individual datasets from 2005, of which 964,182 individuals had medical treatment records. The insurance database also recorded related factors such as age, sex, duration of hospital stays, season, and whether patients were low income. We also analyzed the correlation between urbanization and the studied diseases. The results indicated that the correlation between facial cellulitis and DM patients was confirmed; facial cellulitis was most likely to occur 2 years after the initial DM diagnosis, with a risk occurrence 1.409 times greater than that of the control group. Facial cellulitis is more likely to occur in patients originating from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds, and female DM patients are more likely to experience this condition. These conclusions may facilitate the establishment of clinical guidelines for preventative education and treatment. Oral prevention and health education for high-risk patients, as well as early-stage surgical intervention and antibiotic usage in early-stage odontogenic infections, can prevent disease progression, improve patient recovery rates, and reduce the use and waste of medical resources.
Strategies for optimizing targeting and delivery of mucosal HIV vaccines

Effective frontline defenses against HIV‐1 will require targeting vaccines to mucosal tissue in order to induce αβ CD8+ lymphocytes in mucosal effector sites (lamina propria and intraepithelial compartment) as well as antibody secreting plasma cells that can neutralize and limit free virus. A concerted second wave of assault against the virus will require the activation and recruitment of antigen specific memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes and distal secondary lymphoid organs. New delivery strategies targeting the “right” DC subsets in combination with delivery of mucosal adjuvants and innate signals for activating DC will be essential for mucosal vaccines in order to circumvent the naturally tolerogenic environment and the induction of Tregs. Mucosal delivery of antigen in combination with inflammatory signals has been shown to empower systemic immunization by directing responses to mucosal sites for imprinting optimum mucosal memory. Here, we discuss novel vaccine strategies and adjuvants for optimizing mucosal delivery of HIV vaccines.
The spread of awareness and its impact on epidemic outbreaks

When a disease breaks out in a human population, changes in behavior in response to the outbreak can alter the progression of the infectious agent. In particular, people aware of a disease in their proximity can take measures to reduce their susceptibility. Even if no centralized information is provided about the presence of a disease, such awareness can arise through first-hand observation and word of mouth. To understand the effects this can have on the spread of a disease, we formulate and analyze a mathematical model for the spread of awareness in a host population, and then link this to an epidemiological model by having more informed hosts reduce their susceptibility. We find that, in a well-mixed population, this can result in a lower size of the outbreak, but does not affect the epidemic threshold. If, however, the behavioral response is treated as a local effect arising in the proximity of an outbreak, it can completely stop a disease from spreading, although only if the infection rate is below a threshold. We show that the impact of locally spreading awareness is amplified if the social network of potential infection events and the network over which individuals communicate overlap, especially so if the networks have a high level of clustering. These findings suggest that care needs to be taken both in the interpretation of disease parameters, as well as in the prediction of the fate of future outbreaks.
Analysis and development of multiprofessional teams in medical rehabilitation

Team analysis and team development are important instruments of organizational development and quality management. They contribute to team optimization in medical rehabilitation. Team analysis allows assessment of strengths and weaknesses of teams, resulting in possible recommendations for team development. So far there are only a few empirical studies and little practical experience analyzing multiprofessional teams in the health care field and inpatient medical rehabilitation in particular. This article presents team analyses performed on twelve multiprofessional medical rehabilitation teams in Germany and corresponding recommendations for team development. A heuristic model of team analysis and team development was designed for this purpose. The model comprises the following parameters: input (team structure), process (teamwork) and output (team success). Variables to measure these parameters were derived from team performance models and known weaknesses of teams in medical care. Team analyses were conducted by administering a semi-standardized interview form and a short questionnaire to the head physicians of participating clinics while a survey was administered to all members of the rehabilitation team. The results of the team analyses suggested the use of team development measures on each team. The teams were classified into three categories by their need for team development (low, medium and high). Furthermore five modules of team development could be generated from the results of the team analyses: (1) executive coaching, (2) communication training, (3) changing attitude towards teamwork, (4) task-oriented team development, and (5) training on socio-integrative aspects of teamwork. Some of these modules are important constituents of quality management programs. Team development can facilitate quality management programs, particularly with regard to process and output relating to leadership and staff. The study shows, that there is a basic, yet variable need of team analysis and team development in the medical rehabilitation facilities.
Integrated Scheduling Algorithm for Personalized Disease Management Applications

The rapid escalation of American health care costs compels a new approach to chronic disease. Personalizing chronic disease management can be improved by using biosensors and advanced communication technology. Recent advances in miniature wireless sensors supported by ubiquitous computing have fostered a growth of interest in wellness and illness management based on distributed sensor networks. A variety of factors need to be considered for effective integrated scheduling scheme that can assign sensing, computation, and communication task to different sensor nodes to assist them set priority of the task at hand. In this paper, we present a framework for integrated scheduling algorithm for sensing, computation, and communication tasks within a distributed intelligent sensor network. Preliminary simulation results are presented for linear daisy chain network with different number of sensor nodes that consider various sensing and communication speeds
The Role of Serotonin (5-HT) in Behavioral Control: Findings from Animal Research and Clinical Implications

The neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine both have a critical role in the underlying neurobiology of different behaviors. With focus on the interplay between dopamine and serotonin, it has been proposed that dopamine biases behavior towards habitual responding, and with serotonin offsetting this phenomenon and directing the balance toward more flexible, goal-directed responding. The present focus paper stands in close relationship to the publication by Worbe et al. (2015), which deals with the effects of acute tryptophan depletion, a neurodietary physiological method to decrease central nervous serotonin synthesis in humans for a short period of time, on the balance between hypothetical goal-directed and habitual systems. In that research, acute tryptophan depletion challenge administration and a following short-term reduction in central nervous serotonin synthesis were associated with a shift of behavioral performance towards habitual responding, providing further evidence that central nervous serotonin function modulates the balance between goal-directed and stimulus-response habitual systems of behavioral control. In the present focus paper, we discuss the findings by Worbe and colleagues in light of animal experiments as well as clinical implications and discuss potential future avenues for related research.
Insider trading: regulation, risk reallocation, and welfare

I argue in this paper that the imposition of insider trading regulations on a securities market generates not on1y a reallocation of wealth from insiders to liquidity traders, but also a reallocation of risk from the former to the latter. I further argue that, although the wealth reallocation has no impact on social welfare, under plausible assumptions, the risk reallocation imposes a cost on society.
Fluid-Filled Soft-Bodied Amoeboid Robot Inspired by Plasmodium of True Slime Mold

This paper presents a fluid-filled soft-bodied amoeboid robot inspired by the plasmodium of the true slime mold. The significant features of this robot are 2-fold. (i) The robot has a fluid circuit (i.e., cylinders and nylon tubes filled with fluid), and a truly soft and deformable body stemming from real-time tunable springs — the former seals protoplasm to induce global physical interaction between the body parts and the latter is used for elastic actuators. (ii) A fully decentralized control using coupled oscillators with a completely local sensory feedback mechanism is realized by exploiting the global physical interaction between the body parts stemming from the fluid circuit. The experimental results show that this robot exhibits adaptive locomotion without relying on any hierarchical structure. The results obtained are expected to shed new light on the design scheme for autonomous decentralized control systems.
A comparison of visual field sensitivity to photoreceptor thickness in retinitis pigmentosa.

PURPOSE To explore the relationship between visual field sensitivity and photoreceptor layer thickness in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). METHODS Static automated perimetry (central 30-2 threshold program with spot size III; Humphrey Field Analyzer; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA) and frequency domain optical coherence tomography (Fd-OCT) scans (Spectralis HRA+OCT; Heidelberg Engineering, Vista, CA) were obtained from 10 age-matched normal control subjects and 20 patients with RP who had retained good central vision (better than 20/32). The outer segment (OS+) thickness (the distance between retinal pigment epithelium [RPE])/Bruch's membrane [BM] to the photoreceptor inner-outer segment junction), outer nuclear layer (ONL), and total retinal thickness were measured at locations corresponding to visual field test loci up to 21 degrees eccentricity. RESULTS The average OS+ thickness in the control eyes was 63.1 +/- 5.2 microm, varying from approximately 69 microm in the foveal center to 56 microm at 21 degrees eccentricity. In patients with RP, OS+ thickness was below normal limits outside the fovea, and thickness decreased with loss in local field sensitivity, reaching an asymptotic value of 21.5 microm at approximately -10 dB. The ONL thickness also decreased with local field sensitivity loss. Although relative OS thickness was linearly related to visual field loss at all locations examined, a slightly better correlation was found between the product of OS and ONL thickness and visual field loss. CONCLUSIONS In patients with RP with good foveal sensitivity, the OS thickness and the product of OS thickness and ONL thickness (assumed to represent the number of photoreceptors) decreases linearly with loss of local field sensitivity. In general, in regions where perimetric sensitivity loss is -10 dB or worse, the OS+ thickness approaches the thickness of the RPE/BM complex.
Fast Acceleration of 2D Wave Propagation Simulations Using Modern Computational Accelerators

Recent developments in modern computational accelerators like Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and coprocessors provide great opportunities for making scientific applications run faster than ever before. However, efficient parallelization of scientific code using new programming tools like CUDA requires a high level of expertise that is not available to many scientists. This, plus the fact that parallelized code is usually not portable to different architectures, creates major challenges for exploiting the full capabilities of modern computational accelerators. In this work, we sought to overcome these challenges by studying how to achieve both automated parallelization using OpenACC and enhanced portability using OpenCL. We applied our parallelization schemes using GPUs as well as Intel Many Integrated Core (MIC) coprocessor to reduce the run time of wave propagation simulations. We used a well-established 2D cardiac action potential model as a specific case-study. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to study auto-parallelization of 2D cardiac wave propagation simulations using OpenACC. Our results identify several approaches that provide substantial speedups. The OpenACC-generated GPU code achieved more than speedup above the sequential implementation and required the addition of only a few OpenACC pragmas to the code. An OpenCL implementation provided speedups on GPUs of at least faster than the sequential implementation and faster than a parallelized OpenMP implementation. An implementation of OpenMP on Intel MIC coprocessor provided speedups of with only a few code changes to the sequential implementation. We highlight that OpenACC provides an automatic, efficient, and portable approach to achieve parallelization of 2D cardiac wave simulations on GPUs. Our approach of using OpenACC, OpenCL, and OpenMP to parallelize this particular model on modern computational accelerators should be applicable to other computational models of wave propagation in multi-dimensional media.
Noncontact radio-frequency ablation for obtaining deeper lesions

Radio-frequency (RF) cardiac catheter ablation has been very successful for treating some cardiac arrhythmias, however, the success rate for ventricular tachycardias is still not satisfactory. Some existing methods for developing deeper lesions include active cooling of the electrode and modifying the electrode shape. We propose a method of noncontact ablation, to solve this problem. We apply 120 W of power through an 8-mm electrode for a 120-s duration, with distances from 0 to 3 mm between electrode and myocardium, to create lesions in myocardium. We apply flow rates of 1, 3, and 5 L/min to determine their effect. Results show that with an optimal distance from 0.5 to 1.5 mm between electrode and myocardium, we increase lesion depth from 7.5 mm for contact ablation to 9.5 mm for noncontact ablation. For different flow rates, the optimal distance various. The effect of flow rate is not obvious. Higher flow rate does not lead to a deeper lesion.
Global HPC Challenge Benchmarks in Chapel † Revision 2 . 1 . 1 — November 2008 Release ( w / corrections )

Chapel is a new parallel programming language being developed by Cray Inc. as part of its participation in DARPA’s High Productivity Computing Systems program. This report describes Chapel implementations of the global HPC Challenge benchmarks for STREAM Triad, Random Access, FFT, and HPL. Chapel is a work in progress. As such, this report serves as a snapshot of our current status as we work toward implementations of the HPCC benchmarks that are elegant and efficient. The highlights of our submission this year include: (i) the first publicly-released performance results for Chapel including a 1.69 TFlop/s execution of STREAM Triad; (ii) distributed memory executions of STREAM and RA implemented using Chapel’s user-defined distribution strategy; (iii) our first executions of FFT at full problem sizes; (iv) our first version of HPL with a focus on exploiting locality. All codes in this report compile and execute correctly with version 0.8 of the Chapel compiler. The full code listings are provided in appendices to this report.
The prevalence of Cryptosporidium species and subtypes in human faecal samples in Ireland

SUMMARY Cryptosporidium is an important cause of diarrhoeal disease worldwide and, as several recent waterborne outbreaks have shown, poses a significant threat to public health in Ireland. We identified the Cryptosporidium spp. in 199 positive human stool samples by PCR–RFLP of the 18S rRNA and COWP gene loci. Subspecies were identified in 104 samples by sequence analysis of the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene fragment. Overall C. parvum was identified in 80%, and C. hominis in 20% of cases. No other Cryptosporidium spp. were detected. C. parvum was by far the most common species in the rural, more sparsely populated west of Ireland and exhibited a pronounced spring peak coincident with a peak in the national cryptosporidiosis incidence rate. Our data indicated a trend towards higher proportions of C. hominis in older age groups. Ninety-nine per cent of all subtyped C. parvum isolates belonged to allele family IIa, of which allele IIaA18G3R1 was by far the most common (63%). According to a recent study by Thompson and colleagues [Parasitology Research (2007), 100, 619–624] this allele is also the most common in Irish cattle. Subtyping of the C. hominis isolates indicated that they belonged to a geographically widely distributed allele (IbA10G2) known to have caused several water- and foodborne outbreaks around the world. The predominance of C. parvum, its geographic and seasonal distribution and the IIaA18G3R1 subtype underlines the importance of zoonotic Cryptosporidium transmission in Ireland.
The cluster galaxy luminosity function at z= 0.3: a recent origin for the faint-end upturn?

We derive deep luminosity functions (LFs) (to M z = -15) for galaxies in Abell 1835 (z = 0.25) and AC 114 (z = 0.31), and compare these with the local z' LF for 69 clusters. The data show that the faint-end upturn, the excess of galaxies above a single Schechter function at M z < -17, does not exist in the higher redshift clusters. This suggests that the faint-end upturn galaxies have been created recently, by infall into clusters of star-forming field populations or via tidal disruption of brighter objects.
Effects of different rearing systems on muscle and meat quality traits of slow- and medium-growing male chickens

Abstract This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of production system on the meat quality of slow- and medium-growing chickens. A total of 1075 1-d-old male chicks were equally divided into 6 experimental groups, represented by three strains (SG: TETRA-H, MG1: TETRA HB Color, MG2: Shaver Farm) and were reared in a poultry house in floor pens (12 males/m2). On d 49, 150 healthy birds (50/genotype) were placed in a free-range family farm while the rest of the birds remained indoors. All birds were fed ad libitum and consumed the same diet. On d 70, 20 birds of each experimental group were slaughtered and muscle samples were taken from the left breast and thigh muscles. Thigh muscle of SG males kept on free range was darker (L* = 75.12 vs. 78.33) with lower frying loss (45.9% vs. 55.9%) compared with the indoor group. Similar results were obtained from the MG1 group. Free-range MG2 males had lighter thigh meat (L* = 50.7 vs. 57.8) and lower frying loss compared to the indoor group. In general, the indoor treatment had a lower impact on breast meat than the outdoor system. Regardless of the rearing system, genotypic differences were more pronounced in thigh than in breast muscle.