Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oncotargets and Therapy Dovepress Open Access to Scientific and Medical Research Open Access Full Text Article Dovepress Targeting Colorectal Cancer with Anti-epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibodies: Focus on Panitumumab

The tumor biology targeted therapies have improved outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC). The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors represent one of these successful strategies. EGFR is frequently overexpressed in CRCs and associated with a malignant phenotype. Two EGFR inhibitors have shown efficacy in metastatic CRC, cetuximab and panitumumab. Cetuximab is a human–mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody that binds to the extracellular domain of the EGF-receptor. Similarly, panitumumab is a fully humanized monoclonal IgG 2 antibody, directed against EGFR. Being fully humanized, panitumumab does not contain mouse protein reducing the risk of hypersensitivity. In a pivotal clinical trial, pani-tumumab was well tolerated and effective, demonstrating an objective response rate of 10% vs best supportive care (ORR = 0%; P  0.0001). Panitumumab was approved for the treatment of mCRC by the FDA in 2006. Studies combining panitumumab with cytotoxic chemotherapy and other targeted therapies have been completed while others are ongoing to further evaluate the clinical utility of this agent. Recently it has been demonstrated that mutations in KRAS predict the efficacy of panitumumab and cetuximab, limiting their use to CRC patients with wild-type KRAS, and moving the clinical field towards personalized cancer care.
Observability of hybrid systems and turing machines

In this paper we discuss the observability of hybrid systems and turing machines. We give an elementary example to show that observability is undecidable for turing machines with output. Since many classes of system simulate turing machines, we can then show that observability for these classes is undecidable. We discuss the observability of piecewise-affine hybrid systems, and give examples illustrating different observability properties.
Presynaptic aand / 3-Adrenoceptor Stimulation and Norepinephrine Release in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

The present study was designed to measure norepinephrine release during sympathetic nerve stimulation and evaluate the presynaptic inhibitory and facilitatory actions of a-adrenoceptor and /3-adrenoceptor agonists respectively, in the isolated perfused kidney of normotensive WistarKyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Periarterial nerve stimulation (0.25 to 32 Hz) caused a significantly greater release of norepinephrine, which was measured as total tritium overflow, in the SHR. The vasoconstrictor responses to periarterial nerve stimulation as well as to norepinephrine, angiotensin II, and barium chloride were also significantly greater in the SHR. Presynaptic actions of tramazoltne, an a2-adrenoceptor agonist, and salbutamol, a /32-adrenoceptor agonist, on norepinephrine release were determined during periarterial nerve stimulation at 2 Hz. Tramazoline (2 x 10~ to 2 x 10" M) caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of stimulusinduced release of norepinephrine in SHR but not in WKY. While the highest concentration of tramazoline (2 x 10" M) exerted an inhibitory action in the WKY, this effect was of lesser magnitude than that seen in SHR. Salbutamol (10~ to 10~ M) produced an increase in norepinephrine release during periarterial nerve stimulation; however, this action of the /3-adrenoceptor agonist was similar in both the WKYand SHR. These results demonstrate that norepinephrine release during sympathetic nerve stimulation is significantly greater in the SHR, and this phenomenon may contribute to the maintenance of hypertension. While presynaptic /3-adrenoceptor function is similar in both the WKY and SHR, presynaptic a-adrenoceptors are supersensitive in the SHR. This supersensitivity may be of physiological importance in curtailing an already greater release of norepinephrine present in the SHR. (Hypertension 5: 198-204, 1983)
Systolic Function and Intraventricular Mechanical Dyssynchrony Assessed by Advanced Speckle Tracking Imaging with N-terminal Prohormone of Brain Natriuretic Peptide for Outcome Prediction in Chronic Heart Failure Patients.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess longitudinal systolic function and mechanical synchrony parameters derived from advanced speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and to determine their correlation with N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Their influence on heart failure (HF) outcomes at a one-year follow-up, not clarified in previous studies, was also examined. METHODS Advanced STE was performed from August 2009 to January 2012 in 103 chronic HF patients at the University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center to assess their longitudinal systolic function and synchrony parameters; NT-proBNP blood measurement was taken at the same time. RESULTS Longitudinal cardiac velocity; strain; strain rate; displacement; intraventricular mechanical dyssynchrony based on the standard deviation (SD) of time to peak systolic strain rate (Tsr-SD); displacement, and antero-septal to posterior (AS-P) delay were associated with cardiac events. In multivariate analysis, NT-proBNP and AS-P delay were identified as independent predictors for cardiac events. Significant correlations were found between NT-proBNP and longitudinal velocity; displacement; strain; strain rate, and ejection fraction. Log NT-proBNP levels correlated moderately with the SD of time to peak displacement and to peak strain, and there was a small correlation with maximal differences and SD of time to peak velocity. A multiple linear analysis revealed that NT-proBNP levels significantly correlated to age, ejection fraction and velocity. CONCLUSION Advanced STE is a promising technique which accelerates the clinical application of the quantification of myocardial function and synchrony. STE parameters and NT-proBNP have the ability to identify patients at higher risk of death and hospitalisation.
Accenting unknown words: application to the French version of the MeSH

Some medical resources such as the French MeSH are written without diacritic marks, which hinders their use in natural language interfaces. We examine the issue of accenting unaccented words, and propose a method for dealing with unknown words. This method learns on a reference set of accented words the minimal unambiguous contexts of the various accented forms of a given letter. We show experimental results for letter e on the French MeSH: this method proposes full accentuations for 70% of the words that contain this letter.
A high frequency steady-state visually evoked potential based brain computer interface using consumer-grade EEG headset

This work evaluates a possibility of creating a high-frequency, SSVEP-based brain computer interface using a low cost EEG recording hardware - an Emotiv EEG Neuro-headset. Both above aspects are crucial to enable deploying the BCI technology in the consumer market. High frequencies can be used to create a non-tiring and more pleasant interface. Commercial EEG systems, as the Emotiv EEG, although demonstrating large underperformance, are much more affordable than standard, clinical-grade EEG amplifiers. A system classifying between two stimuli and rest is designed and tested in two experiments: on five and ten subject respectively. First, the accuracy of the system is compared for frequencies in lower range (17Hz, 19Hz, 23Hz, 25Hz) and higher range (31Hz, 33Hz, 37Hz, 40Hz). The mean online accuracy is 80%±15% for the former and 67%±12% for the latter. Second, a more thorough investigation is done by evaluating the system for frequencies within a set of 35Hz-40Hz. Although the mean accuracy, 64% ± 22%, is relatively low, most of the users were able to achieve satisfying accuracy, with the mean reaching 82%±5%, which would allow for an efficient, and yet pleasant, usage of the BCI system. In each case a user dependent approach is applied, with a calibration session lasting about five minutes. EEG feature extraction is done using common spatial pattern (CSP) filtering, canonical correlation analysis (CCA), and linear discrimination analysis (LDA).
Metabolic consequences of antiepileptic drugs

Purpose of reviewChemical properties of the widely used older generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) suggest that they might be responsible for a number of medical comorbidities. Recent findingsAEDs which induce the cytochrome P450 system adversely affect bone, lipid, and gonadal steroid metabolism. Specifically, phenytoin causes loss of bone mass in women, and both phenytoin and carbamazepine produce increases in serum lipids and C-reactive protein, as well as decreases in bioactive testosterone in men. Patients treated with inducing AEDs are at increased risk of fracture. Some contradictory data raise the question of whether bone mass is truly related to enzyme induction, and analogously, of whether reductions in testosterone truly account for male sexual dysfunction. Data showing elevations of surrogate cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk endpoints with epilepsy patients, mostly inducing AED treated, are consistent and concerning, however. Another older AED, valproate, is associated with the occurrence of polycystic ovary syndrome when used in young adulthood or adolescence. SummaryOlder generation AEDs are associated with a panoply of metabolic abnormalities. Although more research is needed to see whether individual drugs are directly tied to specific clinical outcomes (e.g. risk of infarction), extant data are sufficiently concerning to suggest that these drugs may produce significant adverse health consequences. Newer generation AEDs may be preferable.
BAHASA JAWA SEMAKIN MEROSOT: SIAPA TAKUT?

Berdasarkan pada pertimbangan linguistik normatif, banyak pengamat dan ahli linguistik berpendapat bahwa bahasa Jawa merosot sehingga perlu dilakukan perawatan atau pemertahanan bahasa (language maintenance). Namun, dari segi etnografi komunikasi, kemerosotan bahasa (language usage) sebenarnya bukan hanya disebabkan oleh faktor linguistik semata melainkan juga oleh faktor kebijakan sosial, politik dan budaya terhadap penggunaan bahasa (language use) di kawasan di mana bahasa itu masih digunakan oleh para penuturnya. Pada umumnya, kemerosotan bahasa dikaitkan dengan kompetensi penutur-aslinya. Dalam kasus bahasa Jawa, para penutur-aslinya relatif masih memiliki kompetensi produktif yang baik sewaktu menggunakan varitas ngoko, tetapi cenderung memiliki kompetensi produktif yang kurang, meskipun masih memiliki kompetensi reseptif yang lumayan baik, sewaktu menggunakan varitas basa. Hal ini disebabkan oleh peran bahasa Indonesia yang begitu dominan di hampir semua ranah. Makalah ini menganjurkan agar fokus pemertahanan bahasa Jawa diberikan kepada varitas ngoko, dari pada varitas basa, meskipun anjuran ini akan mengundang kontroversi karena tidak sedikit penutur-asli bahasa Jawa yang masih memiliki sikap (attitude) tradisional terhadap penggunaan varitas basa meskipun, dari segi fungsi sosial, jelas-jelas sudah tidak populer lagi.
A Robust Image Watermarking Scheme using Singular Value Decomposition

This paper presents a robust image watermarking scheme for multimedia copyright protection. In this work, host image is partitioned into four sub images. Watermark image such as ‘logo’ is embedded in the two of these sub images, in both D (singular and diagonal matrix) and U (left singular and orthogonal matrix) components of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of two sub images. Watermark image is embedded in the D component using Dither quantization. A copy of the watermark is embedded in the columns of U matrix using comparison of the coefficients of U matrix with respect to the watermark image. If extraction of watermark from D matrix is not complete, there is a fair amount of probability that it can be extracted from U matrix. The proposed algorithm is more secure and robust to various attacks, viz., JPEG2000 compression, JPEG compression, rotation, scaling, cropping, row-column blanking, row-column copying, salt and pepper noise, filtering and gamma correction. Superior experimental results are observed with the proposed algorithm over a recent scheme proposed by Chung et al. in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER), Normalized Cross correlation (NC) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR).
Causes and Consequences of Partial Migration in a Passerine Bird

Many animal species have populations in which some individuals migrate and others remain on the breeding grounds. This phenomenon is called partial migration. Despite substantial theoretical work, empirical data on causes and consequences of partial migration remain scarce, mainly because of difficulties associated with tracking individuals over large spatial scales. We used stable hydrogen isotopes in claw material to determine whether skylarks Alauda arvensis from a single breeding population in the Netherlands had migrated or remained resident in the previous winter and investigated whether there were causes or consequences of either strategy. Age and sex had no influence on the propensity to migrate, but larger individuals were more likely to be residents. The wintering strategy was not fixed within individuals. Up to 45% of individuals measured in multiple years switched strategies. Reproductive parameters were not related to the wintering strategy, but individuals that wintered locally experienced lower future return rates, and this was directly correlated with two independent measures of immune function. Our results suggest that partial migration in skylarks is based neither on genetic dimorphism nor on an age- and sex-dependent condition. Instead, the wintering strategy is related to structural size and immune function. These new insights on causes and consequences of partial migration advance our understanding of the ecology, evolution, and coexistence of different life-history strategies.
Daunorubicin-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing multidrug resistance and a cell-surface P-glycoprotein.

Independent lines of Chinese hamster ovary cells resistant to the antineoplastic drug, daunorubicin, were obtained by clonal isolation in increasing drug concentrations. A single daunorubicin-resistant phenotype typified by reduced cellular drug accumulation was observed. These mutants displayed a complex phenotype of resistance to a variety of unrelated drugs. Such properties are similar to those of membrane-altered colchicine-resistant lines (V. Ling and L.H. Thompson, J. Cell. Physiol., 83: 103-116, 1974). Analysis of the plasma membrane components of the daunorubicin-resistant clones by gel electrophoresis revealed a prominent cell surface glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 170,000. This component was immunologically cross-reactive with the cell surface P-glycoprotein of about the same molecular weight, previously identified in colchicine-resistant cells. Thus, it appears that the mechanism of resistance characterized by P-glycoprotein expression could be the basis of many drug-resistant phenotypes.
University of Groningen Conduction velocity in human muscle

Muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) is studied in 51 healthy volunteers using an invasive (IMFCV) and a surface (S-MFCV) EMG technique in the biceps brachii, in order to acquire normal values and to study reproducibility and effects of gender and age. In the invasive technique, muscle fibers are directly stimulated with needle electrodes, and the latencies of the evoked potentials are measured by a concentric needle electrode. Surface EMG is used to determine the S-MFCV, the median frequency of the power density spectrum and the integrated EMG (IEMG). A clear correlation between the mean MFCV of both methods is found. The invasive method gives information particularly about the variability of the MFCV, since the fibers are measured irrespective of innervation and recruitment order. The surface method is especially suited for examination of contraction-induced MFCV changes. Its main advantages are, beside the noninvasive character, the easy repeatability and the possibility to measure at different force levels or during continuous contractions. The S-MFCV increases with age. It is hypothesized that this is an effect of hypertrophy in the muscle fibers of the remaining MU's, and therefore a consequence of the physiological motor unit loss during aging. We found a positive correlation between the neuromuscular efficiency (the quotient of force and IEMG) and the mean S-MFCV. It is suggested that this is a reflection of the higher neuromuscular efficiency of type II motor units.
Hybrid DC Circuit Breaker Feasibility Study

Recently, a growing number of dc systems exist based on the development of electrical energy consumption. For low-voltage dc grids, switching devices are needed that have to meet technically sophisticated requirements. These devices have to handle fault currents of several hundred amperes and system voltages up to 1000 V. A typical dc circuit breaker has to provide low on-state losses, light weight, and small volume. On the way toward fulfilling these requirements, hybrid circuit breakers can represent the optimal solution. A hybrid dc circuit breaker combines the advantages of mechanical contacts and semiconductors. In this paper, such a device has been designed and constructed using a commercial switch and electronic components in the laboratory. The breaking performance of this experimental prototype has been investigated, and thus the interruption of the nominal and failure currents in the case of different time constants can be identified. The investigated hybrid switching device has been optimized in order to maximize the switching capacity and the protection of the semiconductors.
Etiologic analysis of 100 anatomically failed dacryocystorhinostomies

Background The aim of this study was to assess the etiological factors contributing to the failure of a dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). Patients and methods Retrospective review was performed in 100 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with anatomically failed DCR at presentation to a tertiary care hospital over a 5-year period from 2010 to 2015. Patient records were reviewed for demographic data, type of past surgery, preoperative endoscopic findings, previous use of adjuvants such as intubation and mitomycin C, and intraoperative notes during the re-revision. The potential etiological factors for failure were noted. Results Of the 100 patients with failed DCRs, the primary surgery was an external DCR in 73 and endoscopic DCR in 27 patients. Six patients in each group had multiple revisions. The mean ages at presentation in the external and endoscopic groups were 39.41 years and 37.19 years, respectively. All patients presented with epiphora. The most common causes of failure were inadequate osteotomy (69.8% in the external group and 85.1% in the endoscopic group, P=0.19) followed by inadequate or inappropriate sac marsupialization (60.2% in the external group and 77.7% in the endoscopic group, P=0.16) and cicatricial closure of the ostium (50.6% in the external group and 55.5% in the endoscopic group, P=0.83). The least common causes such as ostium granulomas and paradoxical middle turbinate (1.37%, n=1) were noted in the external group only. Conclusion Inadequate osteotomy, incomplete sac marsupialization, and cicatricial closure of the ostium were the most common causes of failure and did not significantly differ in the external and endoscopic groups. Meticulous evaluation to identify causative factors for failure and addressing them are crucial for subsequent successful outcomes.
A New Communications API

We present NetAPI, a flexible communications interface. Although the ubiquitous Sockets API lets applications select among a number of mechanisms to accomplish networking tasks, it binds them tightly to their chosen mechanisms. Consequently, the network stack has little freedom in selecting the best protocols and mechanisms for each application, and innovating below the API is extremely difficult. NetAPI allows applications to specify their communication intents against an abstract interface that hides implementation mechanisms, encouraging innovation below the API. Application intents are combined with user policies and environmental conditions to let the network meet application goals in varied ways. We describe the design of NetAPI, comparing it to other system APIs that have supported evolution. We have also implemented a prototype of NetAPI called PANTS for the iPhone platform. We show that PANTS can provide innovative mobile networking features, such as disconnection tolerance, content quality adjustment and powersaving policies, without application modifications.
Restricted Isometry Property for General p-Norms

The restricted isometry property (RIP) is a fundamental property of a matrix, which enables sparse recovery. Informally, an m × n matrix satisfies RIP of order k for the ℓ<sub>p</sub> norm, if ||Ax||<sub>p</sub> ≈ ||x||<sub>p</sub> for every vector × with at most k non-zero coordinates. For every 1 ≤ p <; ∞, we obtain almost tight bounds on the minimum number of rows m necessary for the RIP property to hold. Prior to this paper, only the cases p = 1, 1+ 1/ log n, and 2 were studied. Interestingly, our results show that the case p = 2 is a singularity point: the optimal number of rows m is Θ̃(k<sup>p</sup>) for all p ∈ [1, ∞) \ {2}, as opposed to Θ̃(k) for p = 2. We also obtain almost tight bounds for the column sparsity of RIP matrices and discuss the implications of our results for the stable sparse recovery problem as defined by Candès et al.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) HERG channel ( dys ) function revealed by dynamic action potential clamp technique

The human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) encodes the rapid component of the cardiac delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr). Per-Arnt-Sim domain mutations of the HERG channel are linked to type 2 long-QT syndrome. We studied wild-type and/or type 2 long-QT syndrome-associated mutant (R56Q) HERG current (IHERG) in HEK-293 cells, at both 23 and 36 C. Conventional voltage-clamp analysis revealed mutation-induced changes in channel kinetics. To assess functional implication(s) of the mutation, we introduce the dynamic action potential clamp technique. In this study, we effectively replace the native IKr of a ventricular cell (either a human model cell or an isolated rabbit myocyte) with IHERG generated in a HEK-293 cell that is voltage-clamped by the free-running action potential of the ventricular cell. Action potential characteristics of the ventricular cells were effectively reproduced with wild-type IHERG, whereas the R56Q mutation caused a frequencydependent increase of the action potential duration in accordance with the clinical phenotype. The dynamic action potential clamp approach also revealed a frequency-dependent transient wild-type IHERG component, which is absent with R56Q channels. This novel electrophysiological technique allows rapid and unambiguous determination of the effects of an ion channel mutation on the ventricular action potential and can serve as a new tool for investigating cardiac channelopathies.
Granular computing approach to finding association rules in relational database

Granular computing is a new information‐processing method. The main objective of this paper is to present a granular computing approach to finding association rules in relational databases. Elementary granules are generated by scanning relational database, and granule table structure for storing information granules is established. By keeping attributes in order and referring to granular computing, frequent k‐item sets are gradually generated from frequent 1‐item sets, frequent 2‐item sets, and so on. Corresponding algorithms are proposed and illustrated with a real example. Experiments on real data show that the algorithms can reduce the number of candidate item sets and save the computing time. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.