Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Primjena ChatGPT jezičnog modela umjetne inteligencije u visokom obrazovanju

Rastući trend korištenja alata umjetne inteligencije u obrazovanju, poput jezičnih modela za generiranje prirodnog teksta, donosi brojne nove mogućnosti i izazove za obrazovne institucije. Uz potencijal za personalizirano učenje, poboljšanje administrativnih procesa i napredak istraživanja, primjena umjetne inteligencije u obrazovanju otvara vrata inovativnim metodama poučavanja i pruža nove perspektive za razvoj obrazovnih sustava. U kontekstu brzog razvoja tehnologije i sve veće integracije umjetne inteligencije u svakodnevni život, važno je razumjeti kako se ove promjene odražavaju na obrazovnom sektoru. Posebno se to odnosi na korištenje ChatGPT alata umjetne inteligencije u procesu učenja i poučavanja. Cilj ovog rada je istražiti razinu korištenja ChatGPT alata umjetne inteligencije kod studenata i nastavnika na Veleučilištu u Šibeniku. Rad predstavlja rezultate dvaju anketnih upitnika. Prvi upitnik bio je namijenjen studentima, dok je drugi bio usmjeren prema nastavnicima. Rezultati su otkrili da većina studenata na Veleučilištu u Šibeniku poznaje i koristi ChatGPT alat te ocjenjuje dobivene odgovore kao vrlo korisne, ali postoje različiti stavovi o povjerenju u te odgovore. S druge strane, nastavnici su upoznati s ChatGPT alatom, koriste ga u različite svrhe, ali postoji raznolikost u njihovim stavovima o povjerenju u odgovore ovog alata. Važno je napomenuti da većina nastavnika ne potiče studente na korištenje ChatGPT alata i nije ih poučavala o njegovoj upotrebi.
Indoor Wi-Fi Localization with LOS/NLOS Determination Scheme Using Dual-Band AP

With standardization of IEEE 802.11n, APs with the 2.4GHz and 5GHz dual-band capability have widely been deployed over a metropolitan area by individuals and internet service providers. Moreover, due to the increasing attentions on indoor-localization technique using Wi-Fi, the need for LOS and NLOS determination scheme is increasing to enhance accuracy of the localization. In this paper, we propose a novel LOS/NLOS determination technique by using different radio attenuation characteristics in different frequency bands and different mediums. Based on this technique, we designed a LOS/NLOS-aware indoor localization scheme. The proposed LOS/NLOS determination algorithm can be used when the distance between an user device and an AP is unknown, and the proposed localization scheme provides very accurate room-level position information. We validated the proposed scheme by implementing it on Android smart phones.
The “Ebla Digital Archives” Project: how to deal with methodological and operational issues in the development of cuneiform texts repositories

The paper provides an overview of the digital tools developed as part of the Ebla Digital Archives Project, which aims to offer a digital edition of roughly 3,000 cuneiform tablets from ancient Ebla (modern Tell Mardikh, in western Syria), dated to the middle of the third millennium BCE. The Ebla archive is the oldest one in the history of mankind, for which extensive information concerning the primary setting of the documents is available. The archaicity of the writing system, combined with the inherent difficulties in reconstructing languages from the remote past (Sumerian, Akkadian, Eblaite), pushes us to rethink the strategies to properly digitally capture the complexity of these sources, of invaluable historical significance: administrative documents, literary texts, vocabularies, letters, etc. We tackled the problem through the development of a PostgreSQL database, which is populated by ad hoc Python scripts that parse input transliteration files, which in turn are encoded using a shallow mark-up language. The individual steps in such workflow are discussed, as well as the benefits in terms of advanced queries for information retrieval that such approach offers.
Thermodynamique de la fusion partielle du manteau terrestre en présence de CO₂-H₂O

Le lien entre les elements volatils CO₂-H₂O et la fusion mantellique a depuis maintenant longtemps ete illumine par l’experimentation. Une large base de donnees experimentales existe et souligne l’effet primordial de ces elements sur l’abaissement des temperatures de fusion de la peridotite ainsi que sur la composition des liquides magmatiques produits comme une fonction des conditions P – T – fo₂ – composition du systeme. Neanmoins, la diversite et la complexite de cette base de donnees peuvent compliquer sa comprehension globale. Dans cette etude, une analyse detaillee de la composition des liquides magmatiques riches en CO₂ et H₂O est realisee, soulignant notamment une transition non-lineaire et plus ou moins abrupte entre des liquides carbonatitiques et des liquides silicates. Un modele thermodynamique est elabore afin de calculer l’activite de SiO₂ dans les liquides magmatiques riches en CO₂-H₂O (aSiO₂(l)) et coexistant avec un assemblage peridotitique, depuis des termes carbonatitiques jusqu’a des termes basaltiques. L’application de ce modele dans des conditions de ride oceanique predit la stabilisation des liquides carbonatitiques au demarrage de la fusion redox (liee a la transition graphite/diamant- carbonates) jusqu’a environ 100 km de profondeur, avant d’evoluer plus ou moins abruptement vers des liquides silicates riche en CO₂. Au niveau des cratons, les kimberlites de Groupe I sont stabilises en base de lithosphere (~250 km de profondeur), et peuvent etre formes a partir d’un plume mantellique. L’epaisseur de cette lithosphere empeche la remontee du plume et la formation des OIB. Afin de decrire plus pleinement les proprietes thermodynamiques du liquide magmatique, un modele plus complexe (systeme CMAS-CO₂) est en construction, dont la methodologie est modifiee par rapport au precedent modele calculant aSiO₂(l) ; un effort tout particulier est ici mene afin de mieux considerer les incertitudes experimentales et thermodynamiques.
Diatom analysis of cuneiform tablets housed in the British Museum. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series B

Clay and silt powders taken from Mesopotamian cuneiform tablets and their surface were examined for biological indicators (specifically, diatoms). The tablets are dated to the Third Dynasty of Ur and belong to the category of economic and administrative texts. Three diatom spe- cies, Nitzschia palea, Stephanodiscus minutulus and Discostella sp. , were identified, though they were found in quite low densities. These species are very common in polluted/eutrophic water. Further studies are needed, however, to exclude the possibility that these diatoms are a result of later contamination, for instance via the subsequent burial of the tablets.
RPC Parameters Calculation of Remote Sensing Imagery Based on Strictly Affine Transformation Model

Some satellites that does not provide rational polynomial coefficient(RPC) parameters,which is inconvenient to user.And even if it has,all based on rigorous sensor model and adopts method of terrain irrelevant.In this process,ephemeris,attitude and other auxiliary data of remote sensing imagery is needed.So the geometrical location accuracy of RPC model influenced by auxiliary data measurment precision,the computational method,which uses a small amount of ground control points(GCP)and adopts strictly affine transformation model to calculate the RPC parameters of remote sensing imagery,is developed.By testing the high resolution(HR) remote sensing imagery of CBERS-02B satellite,the results showed that the method is feasible.
Identifying climate analogues for cities in Australia by a non-parametric approach using multi-ensemble, high-horizontal-resolution future climate projections by an atmospheric general circulation model, MRI-AGCM3.2H

: Climate analogues for 17 Australian cities in the current climate (1979–2003) were identified by using a nonparametric climate analogue approach and multi-ensemble future climate projections in the late 21st century (2075– 2099) made with the Meteorological Research Institute’s atmospheric general circulation model, version 3.2H under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B scenario with a horizontal resolution of about 60 km. By using this approach, climate analogue cities could be identified within the uncertainties of the multi-ensemble future climate projections. A similarity score as a metric of climate analogue is evaluated with the threshold as the quantified uncertainties in nonparametric manner. Ten of the identified climate ana logue cities were in Australia, even in a global search, and the other seven analogue cities were in other continents: five in Africa, one in Mexico, and one in Argentina. In an in-country search, climate analogues for the seven target cit ies whose climate analogues were identified in other parts of the world in the global search were identified in Australia, although the similarity scores were low. Very low similarity scores imply that the future climate of the target city will be novel, that is, a climate that no city is currently experiencing.
Forest cover change and water yield in large forested watersheds: A global synthetic assessment

The effects of forest cover change on water yield have long been studied across the globe. Several reviews have summarized the impacts of forest change and water yield from the small and paired watershed experiments, but no any synthetic assessment has been conducted on the basis of studies of large watersheds (>1,000 km2). We conducted a synthetic analysis on the basis of the studies from 162 large studied watersheds across the globe to explore how forest cover change affects annual water yield. Our first‐ever assessment confirms that deforestation increases annual water yield and reforestation decreases it, which is consistent with results from paired watershed experiments. More importantly, we found that forest cover and climate variability play a coequal role in annual water yield variations. The effects of forest cover change and climate variability on annual water yield variations can be additive or offsetting. Thus, their interactions can critically determine the magnitudes and directions of water yield changes. We also found that the hydrological sensitivities to forest cover change in smaller and dryer watersheds are higher than those in larger and wetter ones. The implications of these findings for sustainable water and watershed management are discussed in the context of future land cover and climate changes.
COLOR VARIATIONS OF GROUND SQUIRRELS (CITELLUS MEXICANU S, SCIURIDAE) IN TEXAS

An examination of 44 specimens of Citellus mexicanus parvidens (Mearns) from south, central and west Texas with a reflection meter shows that there is a statistically significant difference in pelage color. West Texas specimens in general are significantly lighter than those from central and south Texas. This is assumed to be the result of response to a particular type of environment (soil coloration), resulting from the pressure of natural selection. At present, ground squirrels of the species Citellus mexicanus (Erxleben) are divided into two subspecies (Howell, 1938). The sub- species mexicanus is the southern form and is confined entirely to central Mexico. The subspecies parvidens (Mearns) is the northern form and occupies a geographic range extending from northeastern Mexico into Texas and New Mexico, at least as far north as Dickens County, Texas. (Northern limits of range in Texas are based on speci- mens in the University of Texas Natural History Collection.) The main morphological differences between these two subspecies is that parvidens is smaller in size and paler in color than mexicanus. Howell (1938) recognized that there is a considerable amount of color varia- tion within both subspecies but apparently believed that these dif- ferences did not justify the description of additional races. This paper is a report of color variation within the subspecies parvidens. I am indebted to Dr. W. F. Blair for critically reading the manuscript. Because Citellus m. parvidens occupies a considerable and diverse geographic area it would be expected that these animals would exhibit to some extent, diverse morphological characters. An examination of 44 specimens of C. m. parvidens from Texas confirmed this hypothesis and the earlier observations of Howell, at least as far as color is con- cerned. The difference in color of the specimens from one general area to another is, in some cases, pronounced enough to be readily visible without optical aids. In order to obtain an accurate measurement of the amount of color variation, each specimen was analyzed with an electric reflection meter using reflected red, green and blue light. All measurements were taken
Spatiotemporal characterisation of Fire Severity Over a 23 Year Period in South-East Queensland using data collected with Landsat sensors: A preliminary study

Land management agencies are increasingly using multispectral satellite imagery to monitor post-fire ground conditions to guide effective conservation and asset protection management strategies. Estimates derived from such data can span over multiple decades and can be analysed to identify spatiotemporal burnt area patterns. Interestingly, fire severity is rarely derived from multi-decadal remote sensing datasets. Accordingly, in this study we explored the utility of imagery captured with Landsat sensors (5 TM, 7 ETM+ and 8 OLI) to characterise fire severity of burnt areas over a 23 year period in a national park with a woodland and heath ecosystem. The multi-temporal differenced normalised burn ratio (dNBR) was used to estimate fire severity for individual burnt areas, which were then aggregated to identify spatiotemporal patterns. Accuracy assessment was achieved using ground truth data collected with the Geometrically Structured Composite Burn Index (GeoCBI), which incorporates the fraction of cover (FCOV) of vegetation over the total plot. Our results indicated that Landsat imagery was ideal for significantly estimating fire severity (accuracy = 72 %, kappa = 0.63, P = < 0.001) in sclerophyll woodland and heath ecosystems. Further, we had interesting insight into the patterns of increased fire severity within specific vegetation types and across the study site.
The behaviors, habitat preferences, and ecology of distinct Atlantic cod phenotypes in the Gulf of Maine

Trait variability of conspecifics often correlates with differences in life history that can influence population dynamics and consequently fisheries productivity. Distinct forms of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua that occupy unique habitats in New England waters have been reported by fishermen for at least 130 years. One form that features red pigmentation was recently confirmed to have specific preferences for shallow, structured habitats. A previous study conducted within the Gulf of Maine found that this red phenotype differs from the more mobile sympatric olive phenotype (i.e., holotype) in body shape, diet, and growth. Here I explored the body and otolith morphology, growth, and trophic ecology of cod in the context of morphometry and region (inshore/offshore). Cod were collected from both the offshore location of the previous study, Cashes Ledge, and an inshore embayment, central and western Massachusetts Bay. As in the previous study, body shapes differed between red and olive phenotypes, although discrimination between groups was less successful in Massachusetts Bay. Otolith shapes diverged between regions more than phenotypes. Although diets did differ overall, there was substantial overlap in targeted prey and no difference in gut fullness. Based on the results of related migratory behavioral studies, the overlap in diet may be seasonal. Overall, phenotypic divergence likely occurs early in ontogeny, but whether behavioral and phenotypic differences are the result of reproductive isolation is unclear. Differences in growth are not likely due to diet composition alone, as both phenotypes targeted a high proportion of available benthic prey. The relationship between reduced productivity and resident behavioral strategies is consistent across the range of the species, regardless of physical isolation from conspecific migrants or region.
RT-CLAD: Artificial Intelligence-Based Real-Time Chironomid Larva Detection in Drinking Water Treatment Plants

The presence of chironomid larvae in tap water has sparked public concern regarding the water supply system in South Korea. Despite ongoing efforts to establish a safe water supply system, entirely preventing larval occurrences remains a significant challenge. Therefore, we developed a real-time chironomid larva detection system (RT-CLAD) based on deep learning technology, which was implemented in drinking water treatment plants. The acquisition of larval images was facilitated by a multi-spectral camera with a wide spectral range, enabling the capture of unique wavelet bands associated with larvae. Three state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms, namely the convolutional neural network (CNN), you only look once (YOLO), and residual neural network (ResNet), renowned for their exceptional performance in object detection tasks, were employed. Following a comparative analysis of these algorithms, the most accurate and rapid model was selected for RT-CLAD. To achieve the efficient and accurate detection of larvae, the original images were transformed into a specific wavelet format, followed by preprocessing to minimize data size. Consequently, the CNN, YOLO, and ResNet algorithms successfully detected larvae with 100% accuracy. In comparison to YOLO and ResNet, the CNN algorithm demonstrated greater efficiency because of its faster processing and simpler architecture. We anticipate that our RT-CLAD will address larva detection challenges in water treatment plants, thereby enhancing water supply security.
mpi4py-fft: Parallel Fast Fourier Transforms with MPI for Python

The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is an algorithm that efficiently computes the discrete Fourier transform. Since the dawn of our digital society, the FFT has permeated to the heart of everyday life applications involving audio, image, and video processing. The im-portance of the FFT extends beyond signal processing into scientific computing because it diagonalizes the Poisson operator, which is ubiquitous in descriptions of electromagnetism, gravitation, acoustic and elastic waves, potential flow in fluids, stress in solids, Hamilto-nians of the Schroedinger’s equation for probability distribution of electrons in quantum mechanics, and diffusion of internal energy, chemical species, and momentum. The FFT has been named the most important numerical algorithm of our time by Professor Gilbert Strang (Strang, 1994). mpi4py-fft is an open-source Python pack-age for computing (in parallel) FFTs of possibly very large and distributed multidimensional arrays. A multidimensional FFT is computed in sequence, over all axes, one axis at the time. In order to fit in the memory of multiple processors, multidimensional arrays have to be distributed along some, but not all, of its axes. Consequently, parallel FFTs are computed with successive sequential (serial) transforms over undivided axes, com-bined with global array redistributions (using interprocess communication) that realign the arrays for further serial transforms. For global redistributions, mpi4py-fft makes use of a new and completely generic
Towards openly multilingual policies and practices : assessing minority language maintenance across Europe

Tables and Figures To the Reader 1. Introduction 2. European Language Vitality Barometer - A Novel Tool for Measuring the Degree of Language Maintenance at Group Level 3. Apples, Oranges, and Cranberries: Finno-Ugric Minorities in Europe and the Diversity of Diversities 4. Analysis 5. Implications and Recommendations: What Should We Do to Maintain Language Diversity in Europe? Afterword About the authors References
The Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy from Ward to Domiciliary Care: Current Evidence and Gray Areas

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common complication of advanced liver disease and acute liver failure. It is a condition that features several neuropsychiatric symptoms that affect mortality, morbidity and the quality of patients’ and caregivers’ lives. An HE diagnosis is generally an exclusion diagnosis. Once the patient is admitted to the hospital, clinical examination, blood tests and eventually neuroimaging should be performed with the aim of ruling out other causes of acute brain dysfunction. Moreover, HE is recognized using various precipitants that can potentially promote its onset, alone or in combination, and must be identified. Once the diagnostic process is complete, a correct treatment should be started. The anti-HE treatment is based on a combination of the correction of precipitants; non-absorbable antibiotics, such as rifaximin; and non-absorbable disaccharides. Once the patient is discharged from the hospital, specific anti-HE therapy should be maintained in order to prevent other HE episodes.
Backscatter amplification lidar testing by the image jitter sensor

The paper reports the results of operation of a lidar developed for measurement of the backscatter amplification in the turbulent atmosphere along with the image jitter sensor. The sensing was carried out round-the-clock under urban conditions along a horizontal 2-km path in winter at negative temperatures, when significant temperature gradients took place in the atmosphere. The lidar coefficient of backscatter amplification correlated with the variance of image jitter of a white matte disk of the image jitter sensor, whose path coincided with the lidar path. The correlation coefficient between the backscatter amplification coefficient at the path end and the standard deviation of the disk image jitter was 0.80-0.85. When the turbulence intensity along the sensing path became significantly inhomogeneous, marked differences appeared between readings of the lidar and the jitter sensor.
Detecting Land Cover Changes in the Volta River Catchment using GIS and Remote Sensing Methods

Over the years, the Volta River Basin has undergone significant changes in diverse ways. Human activities such as farming and infrastructure development as well as afforestation projects have led to changes in the land cover. The objective of this study was to monitor land cover change within 6 km buffer of the Volta Lake. The shapefile of the study area was co-registered with the Land sat images. Hybridized classification of multi-temporal images was carried out based on unsupervised classification, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), visualization of true/false color composite as well as local knowledge from ground truthing. Readings were taken for 50 geographical positions and corresponding classes of vegetation for estimating classification accuracy. Overall accuracy for the classified 2013 ETM+ image was 88.42%. The results revealed a significant increase in the surface area of the Volta Lake from 4173.34 km 2 in 1985 to 5052.99 km 2 in 2013. An increase of dense vegetation from 367.06 km