Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Containment and volume orders of cooperation

Spatial structure can crucially affect the evolutionary dynamics of cooperation. In simple cases, based on pairwise interactions or similar strategies, the effect of spatial structure can be captured by a single relatedness or structure coefficient, with larger coefficients being more conducive to the evolution of cooperation. In more general situations, based on the interaction among multiple individuals with distinct strategies, the condition depends on several structure coefficients, and a simple comparison between different models is no longer straightforward. Here, we propose two ways of ordering population structures by their potential to promote the evolution of cooperation: the containment order and the volume order. We provide conditions for establishing comparability or incomparability in the containment order, give general results concerning the volume order, and illustrate our theory by comparing different models of spatial structure and evolutionary dynamics. Our framework allows to compare many previously studied models of population structure quantitatively. This comparison will be of great value for the unification and generalization of models for the evolution of cooperation in spatially structured populations.
Psychiatric Symptoms in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Left Mesial Hippocampal Sclerosis

A 16-year-old woman was referred to us for depression and persistent suicidal and homicidal ideation. From 2010, the patient visited a neurologist due to recurrent grand mal epilepsy, auditory and visual hallucinations, episodic memory loss, and persistent depression. Upon admission, it was revealed through clinical history taking that she had suffered from chronic bullying from same-sex peers and sexual abuse, twice, from an adult male in the neighborhood when she was 10 years old. A brain magnetic resonance imaging study showed left mesial hippocampal sclerosis. The patient exhibited improvement of her psychiatric symptoms after treatment with a combination of fluoxetine (30 mg) and aripiprazole (10 mg). Children and adolescents with epilepsy experience conflicts in the family, challenges at school, stigma, and psychosocial limitations or deprivations due to their comorbid psychiatric symptoms and hence, psychiatric evaluation and early intervention is important when treating these patients.
Reconstruction of three dimensional spatial clusters using monocular camera

Vision is one of the most important aesthesia of mobile robot. Conventional vision for robot is so-called simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology, but this technology usually is used to take cognizance of macrostructure of environment. The objects in the scene are commonly treated as just landmarks and the detail 3D information are ignored. But our cognitive robot requires finding the objects from a large-scale environment and exploring them, 3D data of objects cannot be slid over any more. In this paper, we will develop a vision system for our cognitive robot based on classic batch monocular SLAM technology. The two main contributions of our work are introduce of loop closure method and relevant map storage approach, new 3D spatial cluster denoising technology for data refinement.
Attribute-augmented semantic hierarchy: towards bridging semantic gap and intention gap in image retrieval

This paper presents a novel Attribute-augmented Semantic Hierarchy (A2 SH) and demonstrates its effectiveness in bridging both the semantic and intention gaps in Content-based Image Retrieval (CBIR). A2 SH organizes the semantic concepts into multiple semantic levels and augments each concept with a set of related attributes, which describe the multiple facets of the concept and act as the intermediate bridge connecting the concept and low-level visual content. A hierarchical semantic similarity function is learnt to characterize the semantic similarities among images for retrieval. To better capture user search intent, a hybrid feedback mechanism is developed, which collects hybrid feedbacks on attributes and images. These feedbacks are then used to refine the search results based on A2 SH. We develop a content-based image retrieval system based on the proposed A2 SH. We conduct extensive experiments on a large-scale data set of over one million Web images. Experimental results show that the proposed A2 SH can characterize the semantic affinities among images accurately and can shape user search intent precisely and quickly, leading to more accurate search results as compared to state-of-the-art CBIR solutions.
Identification of sequence mutations affecting hemagglutinin specificity to sialic acid receptor in influenza A virus subtypes

The attachment of the hemagglutinin protein of the H1N1 subtype of the pandemic influenza A virus to the sialic acid receptor Sia(α2-6)Gal has contributed to the ability of the virus to replicate in the human body and transmit among humans. In view of the pandemic caused by the replication and transmission of the H1N1 virus, more studies on the specificity of hemagglutinin towards sialic acid and how it affects the replication and transmission ability of this virus among humans are needed. In this study, we have applied sequence, structural and functional analyses to the hemagglutinin protein of the pandemic H1N1 virus, with the aim of identifying amino acid mutation patterns that affect its specificity to sialic acid. We have also employed a molecular docking method to evaluate the complex formed between hemagglutinin protein and the sialic acid receptor. Based on our results, we suggest two possible mutation patterns, namely (1) positions 190 and 225 from glutamic acid and glycine to aspartic acid (E190D in A/Brevig Mission/1/18 (H1N1), A/New York/1/18(H1N1) and A/South Carolina/1/1918(H1N1) and G225D in A/South Carolina/1/1918(H1N1), A/South Carolina/1/1918(H1N1), and A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1)), and (2) positions 226 and 228 from glutamine and glycine to leucine and serine, respectively (Q226L and G228S in A/Guiyang/1/1957(H2N2), A/Kayano/57(H2N2), A/Aichi/2/1968(H3N2), A/Hong Kong/1/1968(H3N2) and A/Memphis/1/68(H3N2)) that can potentially contribute to the specificity of hemagglutinin to Sia(α2-6)Gal, thereby enabling the replication and transmission of virus within and among humans.
Therapeutic hypothermia

Pioneer works on therapeutic hypothermia (TH) half a century ago already showed promising results but clinical application was limited by a lack of understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, lack of reliable method for temperature control and lack of intensive care facilities to deal with possible complications. More recently, 2 studies in 2002 supported the application of moderate TH (32.0-34.0℃) in post-cardiac arrest patients. Although the studies included only patients suffering from out-of-hospital VF, many ICUs world-wide are applying the therapy to all post-cardiac arrest patients irrespective of site or presenting rhythm. While primary coagulopathy and cardiogenic shock are usually stated as relative contraindications, evidences are accumulating to support the application of TH in patients with cardiogenic shock. TH can be divided into 4 phases: Induction, maintenance, de-cooling and normothermia. Induction is usually achieved by infusion of cold isotonic fluid. The precautions included avoidance of over-cooling, hypokalaemia, hyperglycaemia, and shivering. TH can be maintained by many different methods, varying in their level of invasiveness, cost and effectiveness. Issues including changes in pharmacokinetics and haemodynamics, and susceptibility to infection need to the addressed. The optimal duration of maintenance is unknown but the usual practice is 12-24 hours. De-cooling and rewarming is especially challenging because complications can be serious if temperature rise by more than 1℃ every 3-5 hours. Life-theatening hyperkalaemia can occur especially if patient suffers from renal insufficiency. Fever is a frequent complication either due to infection or post-cardiac arrest syndrome but patient must be kept normothermic for 72 hours.
Article in Press G Model Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics Group Sparsity Model for Stain Unmixing in Brightfield Multiplex Immunohistochemistry Images

Group sparsity model for stain unmixing in brightfield multiplex immunohisto-chemistry images. a b s t r a c t Multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining is a new, emerging technique for the detection of multiple biomarkers within a single tissue section. The initial key step in multiplex IHC image analysis in digital pathology is of tremendous clinical importance due to its ability to accurately unmix the IHC image and differentiate each of the stains. The technique has become popular due to its significant efficiency and the rich diagnostic information it contains. The intriguing task of unmixing a three-channel CCD color camera acquired RGB image into more than three colors is very challenging, and to the best of our knowledge, hardly studied in academic literature. This paper presents a novel stain unmixing algorithm for brightfield multiplex IHC images based on a group sparsity model. The proposed framework achieves robust unmixing for more than three chro-mogenic dyes while preserving the biological constraints of the biomarkers. Typically, a number of biomarkers co-localize in the same cell parts named priori. With this biological information in mind, the number of stains at one pixel therefore has a fixed up-bound, i.e. equivalent to the number of co-localized biomarkers. By leveraging the group sparsity model, the fractions of stain contributions from the co-localized biomarkers are explicitly modeled into one group to yield the least square solution within the group. A sparse solution is obtained among the groups since ideally only one group of biomarkers is present at each pixel. The algorithm is evaluated on both synthetic and clinical data sets, and demonstrates better unmixing results than the existing strategies.
PPVA: A universal and transparent P2SP accelerator for online video sharing

To alleviate the server bandwidth cost of online video sharing services, p2p delivering has been suggested as an effective tool with success already seen in accelerating individual sites. The numerous video sharing sites existed however call for a universal solution that provides transparent p2p acceleration beyond ad hoc solutions. More importantly, only a universal platform can fully explore the aggregated video and client resources across sites, particular for identical videos replicated in diverse sites. To this end, we develop PPVA, a working platform for universal and transparent P2SP (peer to server and peer) accelerating. As of May 2011, it has attracted over 190 million distinct clients, with 78 million daily transactions. We will demonstrate the novel features, implementation, and also effectiveness of PPVA.
Identification of nonlinearity in knocking vibration signals of large gas engine by deep learning

Nonlinear knocking combustion analysis based on vibration measurements of a Deutz MWM 8 cylinder large gas engine will be presented. The knocking nonlinearity is identified by K-entropy and deep learning technique. A framework for determining the knocking nonlinearity of the vibration signals is discussed using deep belief network (DBN) of the knocking probability sequences.
Motion processing deficits in migraine are related to contrast sensitivity

Background: There are conflicting reports concerning the ability of people with migraine to detect and discriminate visual motion. Previous studies used different displays and none adequately assessed other parameters that could affect performance, such as those that could indicate precortical dysfunction. Methods: Motion-direction detection, discrimination and relative motion thresholds were compared from participants with and without migraine. Potentially relevant visual covariates were included (contrast sensitivity; acuity; stereopsis; visual discomfort, stress, triggers; dyslexia). Results: For each task, migraine participants were less accurate than a control group and had impaired contrast sensitivity, greater visual discomfort, visual stress and visual triggers. Only contrast sensitivity correlated with performance on each motion task; it also mediated performance. Conclusions: Impaired performance on certain motion tasks can be attributed to impaired contrast sensitivity early in the visual system rather than a deficit in cortical motion processing per se. There were, however, additional differences for global and relative motion thresholds embedded in noise, suggesting changes in extrastriate cortex in migraine. Tasks to study the effects of noise on performance at different levels of the visual system and across modalities are recommended. A battery of standard visual tests should be included in any future work on the visual system and migraine.
Experimental Activities on TTCAN Protocol

The automotive market is more and more interested in all-electric systems for the execution of the driving commands, i.e. in the so-called Drive-by-Wire (DbW) systems. The communication network of a DbW system is a critical component and, being the traditional field buses used in the cars not suited to highly dependable applications, new communication networks have been devised, built up around protocols that accommodate powerful techniques to assure the real-time exchange of information and some degree of redundancy. This paper illustrates the characteristics of the TTCAN protocol, one of the communication networks developed for DbW systems. It reports the results of a number of test carried out on a prototypal network with the aim of investigate the behavior of the protocol when it operates in nominal condition and when it is forced beyond the specification limit. Moreover, a technique for the synchronization of two or more TTCAN network has been experimented.
Phase diagram and Fermi liquid properties of the extended Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice

The Hubbard model and extended Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice can be seen as prototype models of single layer graphene placed in a high dielectric constant environment that screens the Coulomb interaction. Taking advantage of the absence of a sign problem at half-filling, we study this problem with clusters up to 96 sites with the Determinant Quantum Monte Carlo Method as an impurity solver for the the Dynamical Cluster Approximation at finite temperatures. After determining the stability of the semi-metallic phase to interaction-induced spin-density wave (SDW), charge-density wave (CDW) and Mott insulating phases, we study the single particle dynamics of the Dirac fermions. We show that when spontaneous symmetry breaking is avoided, the semi-metallic phase is a stable Fermi liquid in the presence of repulsive interactions and that Kondo screening dominates the low temperature regime, even though there is a $\rho(\omega) = |\omega|$ type local density of states. We also investigate the impact of the correlation effects on the renormalization of the Fermi velocity $v_F$. We find that $v_F$ is not renormalized when only on-site repulsion $U$ is present, but that near-neighbor repulsion $V$ does renormalize $v_F$. This may explain the variations between different measurements of $v_F$ in graphene.
Impact of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation on ocean heat storage and transient climate change

We propose here that the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) plays an important role in setting the effective heat capacity of the World Ocean and thus impacts the pace of transient climate change. The depth and strength of AMOC are shown to be strongly correlated with the depth of heat storage across a suite of state‐of‐the‐art general circulation models (GCMs). In those models with a deeper and stronger AMOC, a smaller portion of the heat anomaly remains in the ocean mixed layer, and consequently, the surface temperature response is delayed. Representations of AMOC differ vastly across the GCMs, providing a major source of intermodel spread in the sea surface temperature (SST) response. A two‐layer model fit to the GCMs is used to demonstrate that the intermodel spread in SSTs due to variations in the ocean's effective heat capacity is significant but smaller than the spread due to climate feedbacks.
Vehicle Detection & Tracking

Object tracking is a field of intense research due to its varied applications leading to several algorithms based on environment. Our proposed algorithm is suitable for the given problem wherein several moving objects exist in a scene obtained with little camera motion. Objects are detected based on motion using adaptive background subtraction. Morphological techniques are used to obtain proper segmentation. Tracking is then done using the kalman-filter approach. A discussion on our approach to solve the problems of merge and split and large camera jerk is also given.
Rewarding Effects of N-Methyl-1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-Aminopropane (PMMA) in Mice: Roleof Modifications of Dopamine System Mediated through its Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition

Background: N-methyl-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane (para-methoxymethamphetamine, PMMA) is a structurally abbreviated congener of methamphetamine that is abused as a “designer drug”. The aim of the present study was to investigate the behavioral and neurochemical properties of PMMA in mice. Methods: Using conditioned place preference paradigm, the rewarding effect of PMMA were examined in the ICR mice. As neurochemical study, we examined the effect of PMMA on monoamine transmission and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in the mouse limbic forebrain tissue (containing the nucleus accumbens). Results: PMMA (1-30 mg/kg) produced a significant heperlocomotion and conditioned place preference. The hyper locomotion and rewarding effects of PMMA were completely suppressed by the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390, but were not modified by the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride or the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ketanserin. PMMA also significantly increased the dopamine and 3-methoxytyramine (3MT) contents in the limbic forebrain. On the other hand, the levels of the dopamine metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and Homovanillic acid (HVA) were markedly reduced by PMMA in a dose-dependent manner. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities in the limbic forebrain were suppressed by PMMA treatment (0.04-4mM). Conclusion: The present findings demonstrated that the dopamine D1 receptors might be involved in the expression of PMMA-induced heperlocomotion and the rewarding effects of the drug. Furthermore, the MAO-inhibitory effects of PMMA may play an important role in the PMMA-induced elevation of dopamine transmission. These behavioral and neurochemical data indicate that PMMA has a psychic dependence liability.
Distortion in Groups of Circle and Surface Diffeomorphisms

In these lectures we consider how algebraic properties of discrete subgroups of Lie groups restrict the possible actions of those groups on surfaces. The results show a strong parallel between the possible actions of such a group on the circle $S^1$ and the measure preserving actions on surfaces. Our aim is the study of the (non)-existence of actions of lattices in a large class of non-compact Lie groups on surfaces. A definitive analysis of the analogous question for actions on $S^1$ was carried out by \'E. Ghys. Our approach is topological and insofar as possible we try to isolate properties of a group which provide the tools necessary for our analysis. The two key properties we consider are almost simplicity and the existence of a distortion element. Both will be defined and described in the lectures. Our techniques are almost all from low dimensional dynamics. But we are interested in how algebraic properties of a group -- commutativity, nilpotence, etc. affect the possible kinds of dynamics which can occur. For most of the results we will consider groups of diffeomorphisms which preserve a Borel probability measure.
Trends in Mortality from Septicaemia and Pneumonia with Economic Development: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

Background Hong Kong population has experienced drastic changes in its economic development in the 1940s. Taking advantage of Hong Kong’s unique demographic and socioeconomic history, characterized by massive, punctuated migration waves from Southern China, and recent, rapid transition from a pre-industrialized society to the first ethnic Chinese community reaching “first world” status over the last 60 years (i.e., in two or three generations), we examined the longitudinal trends in infection related mortality including septicemia compared to trends in non-bacterial pneumonia to generate hypotheses for further testing in other recently transitioned economies and to provide generalized aetiological insights on how economic transition affects infection-related mortality. Methods We used deaths from septicemia and pneumonia not specified as bacterial, and population figures in Hong Kong from 1976–2005. We fitted age-period-cohort models to decompose septicemia and non-bacterial pneumonia mortality rates into age, period and cohort effects. Results Septicaemia-related deaths increased exponentially with age, with a downturn by period. The birth cohort curves had downward inflections in both sexes in the 1940s, with a steeper deceleration for women. Non-bacterial pneumonia-related deaths also increased exponentially with age, but the birth cohort patterns showed no downturns for those born in the 1940s. Conclusion The observed changes appeared to suggest that better early life conditions may enable better development of adaptive immunity, thus enhancing immunity against bacterial infections, with greater benefits for women than men. Given the interaction between the immune system and the gonadotropic axis, these observations are compatible with the hypothesis that upregulation of the gonadotropic axis underlies some of the changes in disease patterns with economic development.
Metabolic inactivation of retinoic acid by a novel P450 differentially expressed in developing mouse embryos

Retinoic acid (RA) is a physiological agent that has a wide range of biological activity and appears to regulate developmental programs of vertebrates. However, little is known about the molecular basis of its metabolism. Here we have identified a novel cytochrome P450 (P450RA) that specifically metabolizes RA. In vitro, P450RA converts all‐trans RA into 5,8‐epoxy all‐trans RA. P450RA metabolizes other biologically active RAs such as 9‐cis RA and 13‐cis RA, but fails to metabolize their precursors, retinol and retinal. Overexpression of P450RA in cell culture renders the cells hyposensitive to all‐trans RA. These functional tests in vitro and in vivo indicate that P450RA inactivates RA. The P450RA gene is not expressed uniformly but in a stage‐ and region‐specific fashion during mouse development. The major expression domains in developing embryos include the posterior neural plate and neural crest cells for cranial ganglia. The expression of P450RA, however, is not necessarily inducible by excess RA. These results suggest that P450RA regulates the intracellular level of RA and may be involved in setting up the uneven distribution of active RA in mammalian embryos.