Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning to Annotate Scientific Publications

Annotating scientific publications with keywords and phrases is of great importance to searching, indexing, and cataloging such documents. Unlike previous studies that focused on user-centric annotation, this paper presents our investigation of various annotation characteristics on service-centric annotation. Using a large number of publicly available annotated scientific publications, we characterized and compared the two different types of annotation processes. Furthermore, we developed an automatic approach of annotating scientific publications based on a machine learning algorithm and a set of novel features. When compared to other methods, our approach shows significantly improved performance. Experimental data sets and evaluation results are publicly available at the supplementary website.
Adverse Effects Associated with Physical Restraint

Objective: Restraint use is not monitored in the US, and only institutions that choose to do so collect statistics. In 1999, investigative journalists reported lethal consequences proximal to restraint use, making it a life-and-death matter that demands attention from professionals. This paper reviews the literature concerning actual and potential causes of deaths proximal to the use of physical restraint. Method: Searching the electronic databases Medline, Cinahl, and PsycINFO, we reviewed the areas of forensics and pathology, nursing, cardiology, immunology, psychology, neurosciences, psychiatry, emergency medicine, and sports medicine Conclusions: Research is needed to provide clinicians with data on the risk factors and adverse effects associated with restraint use, as well as data on procedures that will lead to reduced use. Research is needed to determine what individual risk factors and combinations thereof contribute to injury and death.
Thresholded Basis Pursuit: An LP Algorithm for Achieving Optimal Support Recovery for Sparse and Approximately Sparse Signals from Noisy Random Measurements

In this paper we present a linear programming solution for sign pattern recovery of a sparse signal from noisy random projections of the signal. We consider two types of noise models, input noise, where noise enters before the random projection; and output noise, where noise enters after the random projection. Sign pattern recovery involves the estimation of sign pattern of a sparse signal. Our idea is to pretend that no noise exists and solve the noiseless $\ell_1$ problem, namely, $\min \|\beta\|_1 ~ s.t. ~ y=G \beta$ and quantizing the resulting solution. We show that the quantized solution perfectly reconstructs the sign pattern of a sufficiently sparse signal. Specifically, we show that the sign pattern of an arbitrary k-sparse, n-dimensional signal $x$ can be recovered with $SNR=\Omega(\log n)$ and measurements scaling as $m= \Omega(k \log{n/k})$ for all sparsity levels $k$ satisfying $0< k \leq \alpha n$, where $\alpha$ is a sufficiently small positive constant. Surprisingly, this bound matches the optimal \emph{Max-Likelihood} performance bounds in terms of $SNR$, required number of measurements, and admissible sparsity level in an order-wise sense. In contrast to our results, previous results based on LASSO and Max-Correlation techniques either assume significantly larger $SNR$, sublinear sparsity levels or restrictive assumptions on signal sets. Our proof technique is based on noisy perturbation of the noiseless $\ell_1$ problem, in that, we estimate the maximum admissible noise level before sign pattern recovery fails.
Brief review: hypertension in pregnancy : a manifestation of the insulin resistance syndrome?

Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), which includes both gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, is a common and morbid pregnancy complication for which the pathogenesis remains unclear. Emerging evidence suggests that insulin resistance, which has been linked to essential hypertension, may play a role in PIH. Conditions associated with increased insulin resistance, including gestational diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, and obesity, may predispose to hypertensive pregnancy. Furthermore, metabolic abnormalities linked to the insulin resistance syndrome are also observed in women with PIH to a greater degree than in normotensive pregnant women: These include glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, and high levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, leptin, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. These observations suggest the possibility that insulin resistance may be involved in the pathogenesis of PIH and that approaches that improve insulin sensitivity might have benefit in the prevention or treatment of this syndrome, although this requires further study.
Chemical impact of the acidic red soil on seawater

Red soil contamination into marine ecosystems such as coral reefs and estuaries is a prevalent environmental problem in the Okinawa Islands. This study was conducted to examine the chemical impact of Okinawan red soil on seawater. The different soil weights were mixed and shaken with 100 mL of seawater for four hours to obtain the extracts. The pH, concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg2+, Al3+ and dissolved silica were then determined. The soil is acidic with a pH value of 5.03, dominated by SiO2 and Al2O3. The pH of the Zampa cape seawater was 8.23 and decreased with soil weight to the lowest value of 4.06. The Al concentration in the seawater was 0.0256 megL-1 and increased with soil to solution ratio to the maximum value of 5.95 megL-1. The base metal concentrations decreased from the seawater by 23.5%, 8.04%, and 3.59% in extracts for K+, Ca2+and Mg2+, respectively, while Na+ was relatively stable to change. The dissolved SiO2 increased from 0.430 mgL-1 in the seawater to the maximum value of 20.0 mgL-1 in ground soil. The Summation of decreasing K+, Ca2+and Mg2+ concentrations and increasing Al3+ and W in the extracts showed a high correlation coefficient (P<0.001), which largely suggests an exchange process. The significant correlations between logarithmic concentrations of Al3+ and silica vs. pH (P<0.001) also suggest the importance of W to release soluble Al as well as hydrogen-promoted weathering of silicates. Physical features such as sedimentation and turbidity do affect coral reefs, but possibly chemical effects such as the elevated Al concentration observed in coastal seawaters may also interfere with the coral's well being at significant red soil-affected areas in the Okinawa Islands.
Structures and processes: land, families, and gender relations.

The author points to the existence of a striking similarity in some of the effects of land reform upon gender relations and women's family positions. This is so despite the variation in land reform processes and in the cultures in which they occur. Family and kinship patterns both affect, and are affected by, land reform. This two-way relationship is examined, with particular attention given to the author's study of northeastern Zimbabwean Resettlement Areas, conducted during the mid-1980s, and Agarwal's 1994 study of women and land rights in South Asia. Sections discuss the effects of land reform; family formation, family relationships, and land; family and land in South Asia; reforms which disadvantage women; benefits for women of land reform; and the Zimbabwean case study.
Experiences, Views, and Support Needs of Family Members of People With Hypoglycemia Unawareness: Interview Study

OBJECTIVE Hypoglycemia unawareness (HU) affects ∼25% of people with type 1 diabetes. People with HU are often reliant on family to detect hypoglycemia and treat severe episodes. We explored the impact of HU on family members’ lives, their involvement in preventing and managing hypoglycemia, and their information and support needs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study employed an exploratory, qualitative design comprising in-depth interviews with 24 adult family members of persons with type 1 diabetes and HU. RESULTS Family members described restricting their lives so that they could help the person with HU detect and treat hypoglycemia. Some described being very physically afraid of their partner/relative when they had a hypoglycemic episode due to their aggressive and argumentative behavior and personality changes; this could also make treatment administration difficult. Family members also reported feeling anxious and worried about the safety of the person with HU, particularly when they were left unsupervised. These concerns were often precipitated by traumatic events, such as discovering the person with HU in a coma. Family members could neglect their own health and well-being to care for the person with HU and resentment could build up over time. Family members highlighted extensive, unmet needs for information and emotional support; however, some struggled to recognize and accept their own need for help. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a caregiver group currently “in the shadow of the patient” and in urgent need of information and emotional support. Raising awareness among health care professionals is essential, and developing proactive support for family should be considered.
Kin recognition in rattlesnakes

Snakes are often regarded as the least social of all vertebrate groups, but this assumption stems from the fact that they are secretive and difficult to observe in nature, rather than direct evidence. Recent studies have revealed a surprising degree of social complexity in snakes. Here, I examine the ability of captive–raised timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) to recognize siblings by measuring the mean separation distance and frequency of contact between pairs of individuals housed together. The results show that female siblings associate more closely with each other than non–sibling pairs. Previous studies have shown that timber rattlesnakes occupying the same hibernacula have higher relatedness than snakes using neighbouring hibernacula, and frequently form social aggregations. Rattlesnakes exhibit other characteristics consistent with advanced sociality, including group defence, conspecific alarm signals and maternal defence of young. These findings reinforce the notion that, rather than being solitary and asocial, some snake species may form family groups.
The Effect of Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside and Flaxseed Oil, Alone and in Combination, on MCF-7 Tumor Growth and Signaling Pathways

Flaxseed (FS), an oilseed containing high amounts of the phytoestrogen lignan, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), and n-3 fatty acid, α-linolenic acid-rich oil (FO), has been shown to inhibit the growth of established human breast tumors (MCF-7) in ovariectomized (OVX) athymic mice. However, the major FS component responsible for this effect and the mechanism(s) of its action are unclear. Hence, this study determined, in a 2 × 2 factorial design, the effect of SDG and FO, alone or in combination, on the growth of established human estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast tumors and the potential mechanism(s) of its action. OVX mice with established ER+ human breast tumors (MCF-7) were treated for 8 wk with basal diet (BD, control) or BD supplemented with SDG (1 g/kg), FO (38.5 g/kg), or SDG + FO. All treatments reduced the tumor growth, but SDG had the greatest effect primarily through reducing tumor cell proliferation rather than increasing apoptosis. SDG had a main effect in the reduction of PS2, BCL2, and IGF-1R mRNA expression, whereas FO had a main effect only in PAKT reduction. SDG alone also lowered the ERα, ERβ, EGFR, BCL2 mRNA, and PMAPK protein, indicating that its effect involves the modulation of the ER– and growth factor receptor-mediated signaling pathways.
Plant DNA Barcodes Can Accurately Estimate Species Richness in Poorly Known Floras

Background Widespread uptake of DNA barcoding technology for vascular plants has been slow due to the relatively poor resolution of species discrimination (∼70%) and low sequencing and amplification success of one of the two official barcoding loci, matK. Studies to date have mostly focused on finding a solution to these intrinsic limitations of the markers, rather than posing questions that can maximize the utility of DNA barcodes for plants with the current technology. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we test the ability of plant DNA barcodes using the two official barcoding loci, rbcLa and matK, plus an alternative barcoding locus, trnH-psbA, to estimate the species diversity of trees in a tropical rainforest plot. Species discrimination accuracy was similar to findings from previous studies but species richness estimation accuracy proved higher, up to 89%. All combinations which included the trnH-psbA locus performed better at both species discrimination and richness estimation than matK, which showed little enhanced species discriminatory power when concatenated with rbcLa. The utility of the trnH-psbA locus is limited however, by the occurrence of intraspecific variation observed in some angiosperm families to occur as an inversion that obscures the monophyly of species. Conclusions/Significance We demonstrate for the first time, using a case study, the potential of plant DNA barcodes for the rapid estimation of species richness in taxonomically poorly known areas or cryptic populations revealing a powerful new tool for rapid biodiversity assessment. The combination of the rbcLa and trnH-psbA loci performed better for this purpose than any two-locus combination that included matK. We show that although DNA barcodes fail to discriminate all species of plants, new perspectives and methods on biodiversity value and quantification may overshadow some of these shortcomings by applying barcode data in new ways.
Analytical study of neighborhood discovery and link management in OLSR

In mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs), neighborhood discovery and link management (NDLM) mechanism is used by each node to determine the set of its neighbors, or in other words, to establish one-hop links. Values of this mechanism parameters dramatically affect network performance, especially when real-time traffic is transmitted with proactive routing protocols, which imposes constraints on link quality, i.e. reliability, stability and decision-making latency. The efficiency of NDLM mechanisms is usually evaluated by simulation. The core contribution of this paper is an analytical study of NDLM mechanism defined in OLSR protocol specification. With the developed analytical model of the mechanism, we find the set of parameter values which allow to meet the constraints on link quality indices. By simulation, we show that the usage of these values improves the performance of the network loaded with voice traffic.
Individual charge changing fragmentation cross sections of relativistic nuclei in hydrogen, helium, and carbon targets.

In this paper we describe individual elemental cross sections. Over 100 of these cross sections have been measured by studying the fragmentation of beams of 12 charges ranging from {sup 12}C to {sup 58}Ni in hydrogen, helium, and carbon targets. The energies of the beams ranged from {similar to}300 to 1700 MeV/nucleon. The relative cross sections in hydrogen, helium, and carbon targets are examined as a function of both beam charge and energy. Limits are placed on the energy region in which the concept of factorization or scaling of cross sections for different beam charges and targets applies. The approach of these elemental cross sections to the asymptotic high-energy values is examined as a function of the beam charge and the charge change. The systematics of the energy dependence of these cross sections is also described in terms of the beam charge and the charge change. Another important systematic in our data is a regular decrease in the elemental cross sections into a particular charge, {ital Z}{sub {ital f}}, with increasing charge change at a constant energy. It is found that this regular behavior of the cross sections follows a simple exponential law in the charge change, {ital Z}{sub {italmore » B}}{minus}Z{sub f}. This has important implications for constructing an empirical formula to describe these cross sections, as well as having theoretical implications. « less
Urban–wildland fires: how California and other regions of the US can learn from Australia

Most urban–wildland interface (UWI) fires in California and the other regions of the US are managed in a similar fashion: fire agencies anticipate the spread of fire, mandatory evacuations are ordered, and professional fire services move in and attempt to suppress the fires. This approach has not reduced building losses in California. Conversely, losses and the associated suite of environmental impacts, including reduced air quality, have dramatically increased over the last three decades. In contrast to California, Australia has developed a more effective ‘Prepare, stay and defend, or leave early’ policy. Using this approach, trained residents decide whether they will stay and actively defend their well-prepared property or leave early before a fire threatens them. Australian strategies have the distinct advantage of engaging and preparing those most affected by such fires: homeowners. Investing more in fire suppression alone, the common response after large UWI fires in California, will not reduce losses. US society has attempted to accommodate many of the natural hazards inherent to the landscapes that we inhabit; by examining the Australian model, we may approach a more sustainable coexistence with fire as well. However, it should be noted that some California communities are so vulnerable that a ‘Prepare and leave early’ strategy may be the only option.
A flow table-based design to approximate fairness

The current Internet architecture relies on congestion avoidance mechanisms implemented in the transport layer protocols, like TCP, to provide good service under heavy load. If routers distribute bandwidth fairly, the Internet would be more robust and could accommodate more diversity of end hosts. Most of the mechanisms proposed to accomplish this can be grouped into two general categories. The first category, which includes fair queueing (FQ) and its many variants, uses packet scheduling algorithms that are more difficult to implement compared to FIFO queueing. The algorithms in the second category, active queue management schemes with enhancements for fairness (e.g., FRED, SFB), are based on FIFO queueing. They are easy to implement and are much fairer than the original RED design, but they do not provide max-min fairness among a large population of flows. A router mechanism, AFD (approximate fair dropping), has been proposed to achieve approximately max-min fair bandwidth allocations with relatively low complexity. We propose an implementation of AFD which can mimic the performance of the original design with much less state.
Improving predictive accuracy by evolving feature selection for face recognition

Face recognition system usually consists of feature extraction and pattern classification. However, not all of extracted facial features contribute to the classification positively because of the variations of illumination and poses in face images. In this paper, an evolutionary feature selection algorithm is proposed in which discrete cosine transform (DCT) and genetic algorithms (GAs) are utilized to create a framework of feature acquisition. In detail, the face images are first transformed to frequency domain through DCT, then GAs are used to seek for optimal features in the redundant DCT coefficients where the generalization performance guides the searching process. Furthermore, an entropy-based extension on proposed evolving feature selection method is presented. In experiments, two face databases are used to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposals.
"Transactivation" control signals in the promoter of the herpesvirus thymidine kinase gene.

The herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (TK) gene is transcriptionally activated in trans ("transactivated") by virus-encoded proteins during the infectious cycle. We show that TK plasmids introduced into a HeLa cell transient transcription assay system are also transactivated after infection with a TK- virus. Several aspects of this response are similar to regulation during the normal infectious cycle. Assay of TK promoter deletion and 5- to 10-base-pair substitution mutants in this system reveals that the transactivation response depends on the intactness of 109 base pairs of 5' gene flanking sequence. Differences between these results and analogous assays in the Xenopus oocyte system are discussed. A model for the putative binding of transactivator(s) to the promoter region is presented.
Effect of miR‐182 on hepatic fibrosis induced by Schistosomiasis japonica by targeting FOXO1 through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

The study aimed to investigate the impact of miR‐182 and FOXO1 on S. japonica‐induced hepatic fibrosis. Microarray analysis was performed to screen out differential expressed miRNAs and mRNAs. Rat hepatic fibrosis model and human hepatocellular cell line LX‐2 were used to study the effect of miR‐182 and FOXO1. qRT‐PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of miR‐182, FOXO1 or other fibrosis markers. The targeting relationship between FOXO1 and miR‐182 was verified by luciferase reporter assay. Immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence staining was conducted to detect FOXO1 or α‐SMA in rat hepatic tissues. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by MTT assay and flow cytometry. The expression of PI3K/AKT pathway‐related proteins was detected by Western blot. miR‐182 was highly expressed in liver fibrosis samples, and FOXO1 expression was negatively correlated with miR‐182 expression. After transfection of miR‐182, FOXO1 expression was down‐regulated, with the results of LX‐2 cells proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction, as well as the aggravation of rat hepatic fibrosis. The expression of p‐AKT/AKT and p‐S6/S6 was increased, meaning that the PI3K/AKT signal pathway was activated. The results were reversed when treated with Wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor). After transfection of miR‐182 inhibitor, FOXO1 expression was up‐regulated, LX‐2 cell proliferation was inhibited, and apoptosis rate was increased. High‐expressed miR‐182 and low‐expressed FOXO1 promoted proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis on liver fibrosis cells, stimulating the development of S. japonica‐induced hepatic fibrosis through feeding back to PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.