Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Algorithms for Static-Rank Computation

Mainstream link-based static-rank algorithms (e.g. PageRank and its variants) express the importance of a page as the linear combination of its in-links and compute page importance scores by solving a linear system in an iterative way. Such linear algorithms, however, may give apparently unreasonable staticrank results for some link structures. In this paper, we examine the static-rank computation problem from the viewpoint of evidence combination and build a probabilistic model for it. Based on the model, we argue that a nonlinear formula should be adopted, due to the correlation or dependence between links. We focus on examining some simple formulas which only consider the correlation between links in the same domain. Experiments conducted on 100 million web pages (with multiple static-rank quality evaluation metrics) show that higher quality static-rank could be yielded by the new nonlinear algorithms. The convergence of the new algorithms is also proved in this paper by nonlinear functional analysis.
Building Small-World Peer-to-Peer Networks Based on Hierarchical Structures

Small-world (SW) networks possess two properties, namely low diameter and high clustering coefficient, which are often desired by large-scale peer-to-peer networks. Prior studies have shown that the construction of an SW network can be based on a d-regular graph, and each node in the graph maintains d local neighbors and a small constant number of long-distance contacts. However, it is commonly understood that it is difficult to construct a short route in an SW network, given source (s) and target (t) nodes, though an SW network guarantees that a short route from s to t exists. Prior work in [1] proposed a navigable SW network for a d-dimensional lattice such that a simple localized routing algorithm can be devised to route a message from s to t using O(log2,X) hops, where X is the number of nodes in the network. In this paper, we present a novel navigable SW network based on a hierarchical model. Compared to previous efforts, the novelty of our study presents 1) that our network construction based on a hierarchical model is decentralized, 2) that routing a message between any two nodes in our SW network takes logarithmic hopcount in expectation, 3) that our SW network has high cluster coefficient, and 4) that the performance of our proposal is mathematically provable. We support the performance of our proposal in this study through rigorous, thorough performance analysis and extensive simulations.
Canadian immigrants at the polls: the effects of socialisation in the country of origin and resocialisation in Canada on electoral participation

ABSTRACT Political socialisation plays a crucial but complex role in determining how immigrants adjust to the political environment of their host country. This study examines the effects of initial political socialisation and resocialisation on immigrants’ electoral participation in Canada. It addresses three questions: To what extent does the outlooks that develop from earlier political experiences in the country of origin shape immigrants’ subsequent electoral participation in Canada? To what extent, and how, does subsequent experience with politics in Canada affect electoral participation? And finally, how does initial socialisation in the country of origin condition resocialisation in Canada? The results indicate that not only does resocialisation leave a unique and lasting imprint on immigrant electoral participation in the host country, but also that the nature of resocialisation process in the host country is conditioned by the distinctive political outlooks immigrants acquire under different political regimes in their respective countries of origin.
Evaluating marijuana-related tweets on Twitter

This paper studies marijuana-related tweets in social network Twitter. We collected more than 300,000 marijuana related tweets during November 2016 in our study. Our text-mining based algorithms and data analysis unveil some interesting patterns including: (i) users' attitudes (e.g., positive or negative) can be characterized by the existence of outer links in a tweet; (ii) 67% users use their mobile phones to post their messages while many users publish their messages using third-party automatic posting services; and (3) the number of tweets during weekends is much higher than during weekdays. Our data also showed the impact of the political events such as the U.S. presidential election or state marijuana legalization votes on the marijuana-related tweeting frequencies.
Service User Perception of and Satisfaction with Programs Having Higher Education and Employment Goals for People Diagnosed with Mental Illness

ABSTRACT This study examined quantitative and qualitative outcomes of service users’ perceptions of and satisfaction with a program having higher education and employment goals. In a one-group post-test design, 48 participants with various mental health diagnoses completed a quantitative questionnaire and 29 of those participated in qualitative focus groups. Participants identified positive and negative aspects of the program and provided recommendations for change. Results indicated that service users with higher education and employment goals benefit from a multi-faceted program that includes person-centered individualized care, concrete, goal-directed activities, practitioners who are compassionate and knowledgeable, and plans addressing setbacks and obstacles.
Product Line Development as a Rational , Strategic Decision

overall increl feaABSTRACT1 Product line development requires a certain amount of up front investment in order to make assets reusab investment often keeps organizations from planning and realizing their products in a product line. But there a major advantages of doing product line development which are often not taken into account when deciding against product lines. In this paper we present problems that need to be addressed in the strategic planning sition towards product lines. These aspects include the involvement of uncertainty, the interdependence of te solution and decision making, and the interdependence among the decision making and the market asp approach which covers these aspects will determine an objective valuation of a product line.
Recent trends and differentials in marital disruption.

Rates of marital instability have more than doubled since 1965 and the apparent reversal after 1980 was greeted with a collective sigh of relief. This brief fluctuation however is insufficient evidence that the long term trend has reversed. This paper documents the highest level of marital disruption yet recorded for this society and examines the persistence of major differences by race education and age at marriage. The comparative stability of 1st and 2nd marriages is also examined. Analysis is based on the marital histories from the June 1985 Current Population Survey (CPS) and is limited to data for women and to cohorts married since 1970. Some of the reasons for the recent decline of about 8% in the crude divorce rate include: 1) the acceleration after the mid-1960 could not continue indefinitely since an absolute upper limit would be reached before too long: a plateau had to occur. 2) The marked decrease in marriage rates imply that the composition of recent marriages tends to make them more stable. 3) The movements through the population of the large baby boom cohorts first increased and then decreased the proportion of marriages in the high-risk young ages at marriage. The most recent period estimated from the June 1985 CPS shows the highest level of marital disruption yet recorded for the US. This sharp increase has yet appeared in divorce rates because the legal action of divorce lags behind the actual fact of separation. The resulting estimate is that about 2/3 of all 1st marriages will end in separation within 30 years. Other highlights of the analysis follow. 1) The inverse relationship between age at marriage and the likelihood of marital disruption is among the strongest and most consistently documented in the literature; education level is also related inversely to marital disruption though some studies find that women with graduate degrees appear to have higher rates of separation than women with college education. 2) Divorce rates have geneally been lower in the East and higher in the West; this may reflect differences in legal systems social tolerance or demographic composition. 3) Beginning marriage with a child increases the risk of marital disruption; the effect of a premarital birth on marital disruption is concentrated almost wholly among whites. 4) The average duration in married life has been reduced among black women to about 1/3 of nonwidowed adult years compared to about 2.3 among white women.
Putting Ricardo to Work

David Ricardo (1817) provided a mathematical example showing that countries could gain from trade by exploiting innate differences in their ability to make different goods. In the basic Ricardian example, two countries do better by specializing in different goods and exchanging them for each other, even when one country is better at making both. This example typically gets presented in the first or second chapter of a text on international trade, and sometimes appears even in a principles text. But having served its pedagogical purpose, the model is rarely heard from again. The Ricardian model became something like a family heirloom, brought down from the attic to show a new generation of students, and then put back. Nearly two centuries later, however, the Ricardian framework has experienced a revival. Much work in international trade during the last decade has returned to the assumption that countries gain from trade because they have access to different technologies. These technologies may be generally available to producers in a country, as in the Ricardian model of trade, our topic here, or exclusive to individual firms. This line of thought has brought Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage back to center stage. Our goal is to make this new old trade theory accessible and to put it to work on some current issues in the international economy.
Loss of Pin1 function in the mouse causes phenotypes resembling cyclin D1-null phenotypes

Phosphorylation of proteins on serine/threonine residues preceding proline is a key signaling mechanism. The conformation and function of a subset of these phosphorylated proteins is regulated by the prolyl isomerase Pin1 through isomerization of phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro bonds. Although young Pin1−/− mice have been previously shown to develop normally, we show here that they displayed a range of cell-proliferative abnormalities, including decreased body weight and testicular and retinal atrophies. Furthermore, in Pin1−/− adult females, the breast epithelial compartment failed to undergo the massive proliferative changes associated with pregnancy. Interestingly, many of these Pin1-deficient phenotypes such as retinal hypoplasia and mammary gland impairment are also the characteristic of cyclin D1-deficient mice. Cyclin D1 levels were significantly reduced in many tissues in Pin1-deficient mice, including retina and breast epithelial cells from pregnant mice. Moreover, Pin1 directly bound to cyclin D1 phosphorylated on Thr-286–Pro increased cyclin D1 in the nucleus and stabilized cyclin D1. These results indicate that Pin1 positively regulates cyclin D1 function at the transcriptional level, as demonstrated previously, and also through posttranslational stabilization, which together explain why Pin1 loss-of-function phenotypes in the mouse resemble cyclin D1-null phenotypes. Our results provide genetic evidence for an essential role of Pin1 in maintaining cell proliferation and regulating cyclin D1 function.
Negative Results: Conceptual and Methodological Dimensions in Single-Case Intervention Research

The central roles of science in the field of remedial and special education are to (a) identify basic laws of nature and (b) apply those laws in the design of practices that achieve socially valued outcomes. The scientific process is designed to allow demonstration of specific (typically positive) outcomes, and to assist in the attribution of those outcomes to controlled variables. Although growing recognition is being given to the importance of replication in this process, equal consideration should be given to the function of publishing studies that document negative (or null) results. In this manuscript, we outline the features of negative results in educational and psychological single-case intervention research. We also discuss the assessment, methodological, and statistical dimensions of negative results that should be considered when reporting negative results. The importance of replication studies (direct, systematic, and clinical) is also discussed within the context of negative-results research.
Is MS 1054–03 an Exceptional Cluster? A New Investigation of ROSAT HRI X-Ray Data

We reanalyzed the ROSAT HRI observation of MS 1054-03, optimizing the channel HRI selection and including a new exposure of 68 ks. From a wavelet analysis of the HRI image we identify the main cluster component and find evidence for substructure in the west, which might be either a group of galaxies falling onto the cluster or a foreground source. Our one- and two-dimensional analysis of the data show that the cluster can be fitted well by a classical β model centered only 20'' away from the central cD galaxy. The core radius and β values derived from the spherical model (β = 0.96) and the elliptical model (β = 0.73 ± 0.18) are consistent. We derived the gas mass and total mass of the cluster from the β-model fit and the previously published ASCA temperature (12.3 keV). The gas mass fraction at the virial radius is fgas = (14[-3, + 2.5] ± 3)% for Ω0 = 1, where the errors in square brackets come from the uncertainty on the temperature, and the remaining errors from the HRI imaging data. The gas mass fraction computed for the best-fit ASCA temperature is significantly lower than found for nearby hot clusters, fgas = (20.1 ± 1.6)%. This local value can be matched if the actual virial temperature of MS 1054-03 were close to the lower ASCA limit (~10 keV), with an even lower value of 8 keV giving the best agreement. Such a bias between the virial and measured temperature could be due to the presence of shock waves in the intracluster medium, stemming from recent mergers. Another possibility, which reconciles a high temperature with the local gas mass fraction, is the existence of a nonzero cosmological constant.
Coercion-Freeness in E-voting via Multi-Party Designated Verifier Schemes

In this paper we present how multi-party designated verifier signatures can be used as generic solution to the coercion-freeness problem in electronic voting schemes. We illustrate the concept of multi-party designated verifier signatures with an enhanced version of Ghodosi and Pieprzyk [GP06]’s threshold signature scheme. The proposed scheme is efficient, secure, allows distributed computations of the sig- nature on the ballot receipt and can be parameterized to set a threshold on the number of required signers. The security of the designated verifier property is evaluated using the simulation paradigm [Gol00] based on the security analysis of [GHKR08]. Unlike previously provable schemes ours is ideal, i.e. the bit-lenght of each secret key share is bounded by the bit-lenght of the RSA modulus.
G-protein-coupled receptors for free fatty acids: nutritional and therapeutic targets

It is becoming evident that nutrients and metabolic intermediates derived from such nutrients regulate cellular function by activating a number of cell-surface G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Until now, members of the GPCR family have largely been considered as the molecular targets that communicate cellular signals initiated by hormones and neurotransmitters. Recently, based on tissue expression patterns of these receptors and the concept that they may elicit the production of a range of appetite- and hunger-regulating peptides, such nutrient sensing GPCRs are attracting considerable attention due to their potential to modulate satiety, improve glucose homeostasis and supress the production of various pro-inflammatory mediators. Despite the developing interests in these nutrients sensing GPCR both as sensors of nutritional status, and targets for limiting the development of metabolic diseases, major challenges remain to exploit their potential for therapeutic purposes. Mostly, this is due to limited characterisation and validation of these receptors because of paucity of selective and high-potency/affinity pharmacological agents to define the detailed function and regulation of these receptors. However, ongoing clinical trials of agonists of free fatty acid receptor 1 suggest that this receptor and other receptors for free fatty acids may provide a successful strategy for controlling hyperglycaemia and providing novel approaches to treat diabetes. Receptors responsive to free fatty acid have been of particular interest, and some aspects of these are considered herein.
Achieving Authentication in Electronic Markets: A Principal-Agent Perspective

Abstract This research attempts to develop a conceptual foundation for authentication in electronic markets by drawing upon the well-known principal-agent theory in Economics. First, principal-agent theory is discussed and related to authentication in electronic markets. Then, the technologies and business functionalities that are currently available to support authentication in electronic markets are evaluated through an agency cost lens. This is then used to develop a decision theoretic framework that assists online sellers in establishing authentication. Finally, the scientific and practical implications of the study are outlined and future avenues for research suggested. 1 Introduction In recent years the World Wide Web on the Internet has become the poster child of new ways to communicate, conduct research, educate, entertain, shop, and do business. Significant advances in Internet technology, sociological adoption, and business practice are shaping a virtual society and electronic marketplace that is swiftly becoming an integral part of our day-to-day lives. However, the commercial viability of such an electronic marketplace is directly dependent on the extent to which it supports a multi-layered collection of services, ranging from network services, over commerce services, to content services (Basu and Muylle, 1999). At the level ofcommerce services, the authentication process takes on a singularly important role in Electronic Commerce (EC). Indeed, as traditional authentication mechanisms
Thematic fit evaluation: an aspect of selectional preferences

In this paper, we discuss the human thematic fit judgement correlation task in the context of real-valued vector space word representations. Thematic fit is the extent to which an argument fulfils the selectional preference of a verb given a role: for example, how well “cake” fulfils the patient role of “cut”. In recent work, systems have been evaluated on this task by finding the correlations of their output judgements with human-collected judgement data. This task is a representationindependent way of evaluating models that can be applied whenever a system score can be generated, and it is applicable wherever predicate-argument relations are significant to performance in end-user tasks. Significant progress has been made on this cognitive modeling task, leaving considerable space for future, more comprehensive types of evaluation.
Efficient Synergistic Single-Cell Genome Assembly

As the vast majority of all microbes are unculturable, single-cell sequencing has become a significant method to gain insight into microbial physiology. Single-cell sequencing methods, currently powered by multiple displacement genome amplification (MDA), have passed important milestones such as finishing and closing the genome of a prokaryote. However, the quality and reliability of genome assemblies from single cells are still unsatisfactory due to uneven coverage depth and the absence of scattered chunks of the genome in the final collection of reads caused by MDA bias. In this work, our new algorithm Hybrid De novo Assembler (HyDA) demonstrates the power of co-assembly of multiple single-cell genomic data sets through significant improvement of the assembly quality in terms of predicted functional elements and length statistics. Co-assemblies contain significantly more base pairs and protein coding genes, cover more subsystems, and consist of longer contigs compared to individual assemblies by the same algorithm as well as state-of-the-art single-cell assemblers SPAdes and IDBA-UD. Hybrid De novo Assembler (HyDA) is also able to avoid chimeric assemblies by detecting and separating shared and exclusive pieces of sequence for input data sets. By replacing one deep single-cell sequencing experiment with a few single-cell sequencing experiments of lower depth, the co-assembly method can hedge against the risk of failure and loss of the sample, without significantly increasing sequencing cost. Application of the single-cell coassembler HyDA to the study of three uncultured members of an alkane-degrading methanogenic community validated the usefulness of the co-assembly concept.
Exploiting Evidence from Unstructured Data to Enhance Master Data Management

Master data management (MDM) integrates data from multiple structured data sources and builds a consolidated 360-degree view of business entities such as customers and products. Today's MDM systems are not prepared to integrate information from unstructured data sources, such as news reports, emails, call-center transcripts, and chat logs. However, those unstructured data sources may contain valuable information about the same entities known to MDM from the structured data sources. Integrating information from unstructured data into MDM is challenging as textual references to existing MDM entities are often incomplete and imprecise and the additional entity information extracted from text should not impact the trustworthiness of MDM data. In this paper, we present an architecture for making MDM text-aware and showcase its implementation as IBM Info-Sphere MDM Extension for Unstructured Text Correlation, an add-on to IBM InfoSphere Master Data Management Standard Edition. We highlight how MDM benefits from additional evidence found in documents when doing entity resolution and relationship discovery. We experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of integrating information from unstructured data sources into MDM.