Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of bluetooth low energy in indoor positioning systems

Local positioning systems (LPS) are attracting much attention, both commercially and scientifically, as they represent a natural extension of global positioning systems to indoor scenarios. Amongst all the viable wireless technologies used in this context, WiFi and Bluetooth are the most widely extended. These technologies are also chosen for their simplicity, low cost and integration into mobile devices. The appearance of the new Bluetooth specification, named Bluetooth low energy (BLE), and the emergence of new popular devices that incorporate it, opens the door to new LPS wireless solutions based on BLE. Here, we evaluate the viability of BLE for indoor positioning scenarios. In addition, we develop a framework to analyse, understand and help migrate previous LPS systems, based on other technologies, to BLE. We show experimentally that, with proper configuration of the BLE devices, great performance can be obtained in terms of discovery time and energy consumption. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of rising hCG levels on the human corpus luteum during early pregnancy.

BACKGROUND During early pregnancy, the most important task of the corpus luteum (CL) is to produce sufficient progesterone until the luteoplacental shift occurs. Progesterone production is closely related to the extensive vasculature surrounding and supplying the CL. The synthesis of both progesterone and factors controlling the vasculature in the CL is regulated by hCG, which is released initially at rising levels from the placenta. The primary aim of this research was to evaluate changes in the CL vasculature during early pregnancy. METHODS Twenty naturally conceived pregnancies were examined weekly from weeks 5 to 11. At each visit, blood samples were obtained to determine the concentrations of hCG, progesterone and 17-OH progesterone (17-OHP). The vasculature in the ovaries was assessed using three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography. RESULTS The vascular supply in the ovary containing the CL was greatest at week 5, and thereafter, declined continuously until week 11. The decrease in the vasculature correlated with the decrease in 17-OHP. Mean hCG levels reached a maximum at week 8, progesterone levels reached the nadir at week 7 and increased after that. CONCLUSIONS Vasculature in the CL appears to be created already by the fifth week of pregnancy and it does not enlarge despite rising hCG levels. The activity of the CL during pregnancy may be measured non-invasively by assessing its vasculature with three-dimensional ultrasonography.
Draft version : Introducing the iteration in sPBC ?

The main goal of this paper is to extend sPBC with the iteration operator, providing an operational semantics for the language, as well as a denotational semantics, which is based on stochastic Petri nets. With this new operator we can model some repetitive behaviours, and then we obtain a formal method that can be easily used for the design of communication protocols and distributed systems.
Advances in Theory and Applications of Token Causality in Trace Analysis

Token causality refers to the causal relationship between system events on an individual system execution, as opposed to general causality, where relationships between types of events are studied. When a system fails at run-time, represented as the violations of certain system safety properties on an observed system execution trace, the investigation of token causality is helpful in understanding the root cause why such system safety properties are violated. In this report, three different techniques in defining token causality are surveyed. Though all based on counterfactual reasoning, the detailed formulations of the causality definitions, and hence the algorithms for deciding/approximating causalities, vary depending on the system definitions and on the intended use of the causalities. For each of the three surveyed approaches, the causality definitions are summarized and illustrated with examples, based on which the strength and limitations of each approach are discussed. The survey is concluded with comparisons across the three approaches and related work, as well as the challenges and potential extensions in the study of token causality.
African Elephant Alarm Calls Distinguish between Threats from Humans and Bees

The Samburu pastoralists of Northern Kenya co-exist with African elephants, Loxodonta africana, and compete over resources such as watering holes. Audio playback experiments demonstrate that African elephants produce alarm calls in response to the voices of Samburu tribesmen. When exposed to adult male Samburu voices, listening elephants exhibited vigilance behavior, flight behavior, and produced vocalizations (rumbles, roars and trumpets). Rumble vocalizations were most common and were characterized by increased and more variable fundamental frequencies, and an upward shift in the first [F1] and second [F2] formant locations, compared to control rumbles. When exposed to a sequence of these recorded rumbles, roars and trumpets, listening elephants also exhibited vigilance and flight behavior. The same behavior was observed, in lesser degrees, both when the roars and trumpets were removed, and when the second formants were artificially lowered to levels typical of control rumbles. The “Samburu alarm rumble” is acoustically distinct from the previously described “bee alarm rumble. ” The bee alarm rumbles exhibited increased F2, while Samburu alarm rumbles exhibited increased F1 and F2, compared to controls. Moreover, the behavioral reactions to the two threats were different. Elephants exhibited vigilance and flight behavior in response to Samburu and bee stimuli and to both alarm calls, but headshaking behavior only occurred in response to bee sounds and bee alarm calls. In general, increasingly threatening stimuli elicited alarm calls with increases in F 0 and in formant locations, and increasing numbers of these acoustic cues in vocal stimuli elicited increased vigilance and flight behavior in listening elephants. These results show that African elephant alarm calls differentiate between two types of threat and reflect the level of urgency of threats.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Bottle-Brush Polymers with a Flexible Backbone under Theta and Good Solvent Conditions

Using molecu lar dynamics simulations of a standard bead-spring model for poly mer chains,bottle-brush polymerswith a flexib le backbone of Nbeffective units,where side chains of length N are grafted under theta and good solvent conditionsin the range 3.0 4.0 B Tk e = − , are studied.The range of backbone and side chains' length varies correspondingly as 50 200 b N ≤≤ and 5 40 N ≤≤ for t wo different grafting densities σ, namely σ=0.5 and 1.0. Even at temperatures T close to the theta point the side chains are significantly stretched, as it has been confirmed for bottle brushes with a rigid backbone, their linear dimension depending on the solvent quality only weakly. Ho wever, the distribution of monomers shows a more pronounced dependence, which we characterize through the asphericity and acylindricity as functions of σ, T, Nb, and N. In part icular, increase of σ, T, Nb, and N increases the normalized asphericity and acylindricity of the macro molecule. Interestingly, we also find that the dimensions of the side chains reveals differences in the distributions of side chain monomers by changing the backbone length Nb as the region between the two backbone-ends increases. A method to ext ract the persistence length of bottle-brush macromo lecules and its drawbacks is also discussed given that different measures of the persistence length are not mutually consistent with each other and depend distinctly both on Nb and the solvent quality.
Using Categorization to Further Enhance the Utilization of Semantic Web in UDDI

Web services technology has provided a mechanism that greatly enhances the interoperability between service users, either human or machine. However there is an existing gap between the dynamic selection of services and the automatic integration of applications, partially due to the lack of semantics in the current Web services standards. To narrow this, considerable efforts such as OWL-S have been made from the semantic Web community, but more work needs to be done. This paper primarily focuses on some problems in current UDDI specification which is the de facto standard in services discovery. By introducing industry classification systems like 2002 NAICS to the matchmaking mechanism of the UDDI registry in an original way, this work presents a new method in the process of service discovery and thus improves the inference ability of semantic Web built for Web services
Intrinsic membrane properties determine hippocampal differential firing pattern in vivo in anesthetized rats

The hippocampus plays a key role in learning and memory. Previous studies suggested that the main types of principal neurons, dentate gyrus granule cells (GCs), CA3 pyramidal neurons, and CA1 pyramidal neurons, differ in their activity pattern, with sparse firing in GCs and more frequent firing in CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons. It has been assumed but never shown that such different activity may be caused by differential synaptic excitation. To test this hypothesis, we performed high‐resolution whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings in anesthetized rats in vivo. In contrast to previous in vitro data, both CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons fired action potentials spontaneously, with a frequency of ∼3–6 Hz, whereas GCs were silent. Furthermore, both CA3 and CA1 cells primarily fired in bursts. To determine the underlying mechanisms, we quantitatively assessed the frequency of spontaneous excitatory synaptic input, the passive membrane properties, and the active membrane characteristics. Surprisingly, GCs showed comparable synaptic excitation to CA3 and CA1 cells and the highest ratio of excitation versus hyperpolarizing inhibition. Thus, differential synaptic excitation is not responsible for differences in firing. Moreover, the three types of hippocampal neurons markedly differed in their passive properties. While GCs showed the most negative membrane potential, CA3 pyramidal neurons had the highest input resistance and the slowest membrane time constant. The three types of neurons also differed in the active membrane characteristics. GCs showed the highest action potential threshold, but displayed the largest gain of the input‐output curves. In conclusion, our results reveal that differential firing of the three main types of hippocampal principal neurons in vivo is not primarily caused by differences in the characteristics of the synaptic input, but by the distinct properties of synaptic integration and input‐output transformation. © 2015 The Authors Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lymphangiogenesis in cervical cancer evaluated by expression of the VEGF-C gene in clinical stage IB-IIIB

Introduction The aim of the present study was to evaluate the profile of VEGF-C gene expression in particular stages of cervical cancer (IB-IIIB) and to estimate the correlation between VEGF-C mRNA quantity profile and clinical stage. Material and methods Material for molecular analysis consisted of cervical cancer tissue specimens collected from 38 women (10, 15, 13 cases were classified as IB, IIB and IIIB, respectively). The control group was composed of normal cervical tissues collected from 10 women who underwent hysterectomy for non-oncological reasons. The number of VEGF-C mRNA copies in particular groups was estimated by the reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method. Results In the control group the average number of mRNA copies was 134 ± 36 (median: 106), in a group with stage IB it was 16 077 ± 7090 (median: 580), for stage IIB – 35 019 ± 8945 (median: 40 870). The highest number of mRNA VEGF-C copies was derived in a group of patients with cervical cancer of stage IIIB. The average quantity was 56 155 ± 12 470, whereas median 55 981. A statistically significantly higher level of VEGF-C gene expression was disclosed in cervical cancer specimens with stage IIB and IIIB than in the control group. In stage IIIB, the VEGF-C gene expression was significantly higher than in specimens derived from individuals in stage IB. Conclusions In squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix of stage IB-IIIB genes involved in lymphangiogenesis, especially VEGF-C, are expressed, which expression increases as the clinical stage of cervical cancer is higher.
Cervical Thymic Anomalies: A Pictorial Review

Poster: "ECR 2015 / C-1911 / Cervical Thymic Anomalies: A Pictorial Review" by: "S. M. Tochetto, O. C. Saito, J. D. Zavariz, M. C. Chammas; Sao Paulo/BR"
Do Erasmus students develop a European identity? How social interactions change the way citizens think about Europe

It might be expected that citizens who interact more frequently with people from other EU countries would be more likely to develop a European identity. But how do these kinds of social interactions affect identity in practice? Presenting research on the views of exchange students who have participated in the Erasmus programme, Florian Stoeckel writes that Erasmus students do tend to exhibit a stronger European identity once they return to their native country, but that this effect depends on the type of interaction they experience when abroad.
Psychological Skills and Exceptional Athletic Performance

To assess psychological skills relevant to exceptional athletic performance, a 51-item questionnaire was administered to a national sample of 713 male and female athletes from 23 sports. The athlete sample comprised 126 elite competitors, 141 preelite athletes, and 446 nonelite collegiate athletes. Sixteen leading sport psychologists also completed the questionnaire as they thought the ideal athlete might. Omnibus, individual item, discriminant, regression, factor, and cluster analyses all revealed significant differences among the athlete subsamples. The themes of concentration, anxiety management, self-confidence, mental preparation, and motivation were seen to have potential importance in skill-level differentiation, although age-difference confounds as well as gender and sport differences may have been involved. The ideal profile constructed by the sport psychologists generally paralleled the skill differences encountered, although the elite athletes did not report selected amplitudes in the profile.
Constructing Gene Networks by Using a New Bayesian Network Method

Bayesian Network is a knowledge representation formalism that has been proven to be valuable in gene regulatory network reconstruction. However, it is showed that the structure learning of Bayesian networks is an NP-hard problem. Several heuristic searching techniques have been used to find better network structures. Among these algorithms, K2 algorithm has been found to be the most successful. However, the performance of K2 algorithm is greatly affected by a prior ordering of input nodes. If using inappropriate orderings, the accuracy of the learned structures will be relatively low. This paper represents a new structure learning method to reconstruct gene networks from the observational gene expression data. The proposed method is based on Binary Particle Swarm Optimization and K2 algorithm. It firstly identifies nodes ordering from the experimental data by using Binary Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. Then, the nodes ordering information is used as an input of K2 algorithm so as to improve the performance and efficiency of the K2 algorithm in determining the network structure. Our method is evaluated using two benchmark network datasets with known structures. Experimental studies show that the proposed method can identify networks more efficiently and accurately than comparable methods reported in the literature.
Implementation of Control Unit for Microprocessor Trainer ( Arithmetic and Logical Instructions )

In this paper, the control unit for the 16-bit CPU of a microprocessor trainer is designed, implemented, and tested. The most important part of the control unit is the PIC microcontroller 18F452. The microprogram for the PIC was developed to execute the arithmetic and logical instructions. The control unit of this trainer is designed for NOP, Add, Add Immediate, Add with Carry, Subtract, Sub Immediate, Sub with Borrow, AND, AND Immediate, OR, OR Immediate, XOR, XOR Immediate, Increment, Decrement, Shift Left, Shift Left Carry, Shift Right and Shift Right Carry instructions. The control program was designed to execute the instructions precisely and to reduce executing cycles. The control unit of CPU program is written by using assembly language. Keywords—arithmetic and logic unit, control unit, instructions,
Transcription-coupled genetic instability marks acute lymphoblastic leukemia structural variation hotspots

Progression of malignancy to overt disease requires multiple genetic hits. Activation-induced deaminase (AID) can drive lymphomagenesis by generating off-target DNA breaks at loci that harbor highly active enhancers and display convergent transcription. The first active transcriptional profiles from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients acquired here reveal striking similarity at structural variation (SV) sites. Specific transcriptional features, namely convergent transcription and Pol2 stalling, were detected at breakpoints. The overlap was most prominent at SV with recognition motifs for the recombination activating genes (RAG). We present signal feature analysis to detect vulnerable regions and quantified from human cells how convergent transcription contributes to R-loop generation and RNA polymerase stalling. Wide stalling regions were characterized by high DNAse hypersensitivity and unusually broad H3K4me3 signal. Based on 1382 pre-B-ALL patients, the ETV6-RUNX1 fusion positive patients had over ten-fold elevation in RAG1 while high expression of AID marked pre-B-ALL lacking common cytogenetic changes. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.13087. 001
Interlimb communication during human walking: crossed responses in the gastrocnemius muscle

gastrocnemius muscle A constant coordination between the legs is required to maintain stability during human locomotion. Research suggests that lower interlimb coordination may be mediated by spinal interneuronal circuits under supraspinal control. While such circuits are well documented in animals, evidence suggesting the existence of these in humans has only recently emerged; afferent feedback arising from receptors in the soleus (SOL) muscle on one side affects the activation of the contralateral SOL by eliciting a so-called short-latency crossed response (SLCR). The aim of this thesis was to provide further insight into interlimb coordination, investigating the interlimb neural pathways connecting gastrocnemii muscles during human locomotion.
FINANCIAL OPTIONS AND STATISTICAL PREDICTION INTERVALS1 BY PER ASLAK MYKLAND

The paper shows how to convert statistical prediction sets into worst case hedging strategies for derivative securities. The prediction sets can, in particular, be ones for volatilities and correlations of the underlying securities, and for interest rates. This permits a transfer of statistical conclusions into prices for options and similar financial instruments. A prime feature of our results is that one can construct the trading strategy as if the prediction set had a 100% probability. If, in fact, the set has probability 1−α, the hedging strategy will work with at least the same probability. Different types of prediction regions are considered. The starting value A0 for the trading strategy corresponding to the 1 − α prediction region is a form of long term value at risk. At the same time, A0 is coherent.
An heuristic WSPRT fusion algorithm against high proportion of malicious users

Spectrum Sensing Data Falsification (SSDF) is a critical threat to collaborative spectrum sensing (CSS) in cognitive radio networks. Especially, with increasing of amount of malicious users (MUs), SSDF causes enormous damage. Most studies have achieved success in the scenario that MUs are much less than honest users (HUs), but in this paper, we mainly consider the scenario that MUs are at high proportion in the network. In order to alleviate performance deterioration caused by SSDF attack in the scenario with a high proportion of MUs, we propose a heuristic weighted sequential probability ratio test (HWSPRT) algorithm. Based on WSPRT, we provide a secure fusion approach. Simulation results have shown that the proposed algorithm provides a better performance than WSPRT algorithm in the network containing a high proportion of MUs.
Mode of Death in Patients With Heart Failure and a Preserved Ejection Fraction: Results From the Irbesartan in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Study (I-Preserve) Trial

Background— The mode of death has been well characterized in patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction; however, less is known about the mode of death in patients with heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF). The purpose of this study was to examine the mode of death in patients with HFPEF enrolled in the Irbesartan in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Study (I-Preserve) trial and to determine whether irbesartan altered the distribution of mode of death in HFPEF. Methods and Results— All deaths were reviewed by a clinical end-point committee, and the mode of death was assigned by consensus of the members. The annual mortality rate was 5.2% in the I-Preserve trial. There were no significant differences in mortality rate between the placebo and irbesartan groups. The mode of death was cardiovascular in 60% (including 26% sudden, 14% heart failure, 5% myocardial infarction, and 9% stroke), noncardiovascular in 30%, and unknown in 10%. There were no differences in the distribution of mode-specific mortality rates between placebo and irbesartan. Conclusions— Sixty percent of the deaths in patients with HFPEF were cardiovascular, with sudden death and heart failure death being the most common. Treatment with irbesartan did not affect overall mortality or the distribution of mode-specific mortality rates. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00095238.
STrust: A Trust Model for Social Networks

We propose a trust model for social networks with the aim of building trust communities that inspire members to share their experiences, feelings and opinions in an open and honest way without the fear of being judged. The unique feature of our model is that the trust value is derived from the social capital built in the social networks over a period of time. First, we introduce a framework for building trust communities using social trust. We then define an underlying social trust model, called STrust. Finally, we report the current state of the development and the analysis of the proposed trust model.
A Temporal Analysis of Persuasion Principles in Phishing Emails

Eight hundred eighty-seven phishing emails from Arizona State University, Brown University, and Cornell University were assessed by two reviewers for Cialdini’s six principles of persuasion: authority, social proof, liking/similarity, commitment/consistency, scarcity, and reciprocation. A correlational analysis of email characteristics by year revealed that the persuasion principles of commitment/consistency and scarcity have increased over time, while the principles of reciprocation and social proof have decreased over time. Authority and liking/similarity revealed mixed results with certain characteristics increasing and others decreasing. Results from this study can inform user training of phishing emails and help cybersecurity software to become more effective.