Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Occupational Change : Implications for the Occupational Requirements Survey

Existing labor force surveys in the United States and elsewhere provide strong cross-sectional and time series data on key variables, such as job-holding, job-seeking, hours worked, earnings, occupation, and industry. However, for numerous reasons, researchers in both the United States and other advanced economies have long sought standard metrics for a richer set of variables on job characteristics and job quality, including the nature of job tasks and job skill requirements, and a range of working conditions (e.g., environmental conditions). Unfortunately, despite some recent improvements, measures of detailed job characteristics remain scarce or thin, and there are no definitive or consensus models to follow. Measures are relatively unstandardized and few have been repeated over time, limiting researchers’ ability to measure change. The unsettled state of research and practice has become a more pressing concern now that the Social Security Administration (SSA) and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) are conducting the Occupational Requirements Survey (ORS) to populate a database that fills longstanding gaps in measuring job characteristics of the workforce. This report is intended to assist BLS understand (1) historical rates of change in job requirements, (2) potential rates of change in the future, (3) ORS-based metrics that might be used to track changes, and (4) thresholds or cut-points that could be used to define sensible levels of change rates (e.g., slow, moderate, rapid).
Komeito: Sokagakkai-Ism in Japanese Politics

he December 1969 elections in Japan have strongly bolstered Komeito's image in contrast to the severe setback to its main opposition party rival, the Japan Socialist Party (JSP). Although it is still doubtful whether Komeito will replace the JSP as Japan's leading opposition party within a few years, Komeito does not yet appear to have reached the natural limitation point of its growth that has long been predicted by its critics. In the recent elections, the Komeito failed to achieve its short-range goal of securing 51 seats-the minimum a party must possess to be qualified by law to submit budget bills or motions in the lower house-but it did elect 47 of its 76 candidates, nearly doubling its preelection strength of 25 seats. Since the Komeito represents merely a small fraction of the Japanese political public, its apparent strength is rather negligible. The results of the general election, however, are significant in that Komeito has maintained the momentum gained in each election. Furthermore, as minority parties exercise power far out of proportion to their numerical strength in the Diet, Komeito now finds itself in an advantageous bargaining position. The Socialists require the cooperation of the Komeito in any "joint-front opposition" movement while the ruling Liberal-Democratic Party (LDP), in spite of their commanding majority in the national legislature, would like to develop an amicable rather than a hostile relationship with Komeito in order to deter it from joining the Socialist camp. The Komeito is not as yet a real rival to either of the two leading parties, but both the LDP and the JSP are fully aware of Komeito's potential if its present victory trend persists in the future. The leading parties, which once scoffed at Komeito's claims, are now taking a closer look at it.
Effects of depressive disorder on false memory for emotional information

Background: This study explored with a false memory paradigm whether (1) depressed patients revealed more false memories and (2) whether more negative false than positive false recognition existed in subjects with depressive disorders. Methods: Thirty‐two patients suffering from a major depressive episode (DSM‐IV criteria), and 30 age‐ and education‐matched normal control subjects participated in this study. After the presentation of a list of positive, negative, and neutral association items in the learning phase, subjects were asked to give a yes/no response in the recognition phase. They were also asked to rate 81 recognition items with emotional valence scores. Results: The results revealed more negative false memories in the clinical depression group than in the normal control group; however, we did not find more negative false memories than positive ones in patients. When compared with the normal group, a more conservative response criterion for positive items was evident in patient groups. It was also found that when compared with the normal group, the subjects in the depression group perceived the positive items as less positive. Conclusions: On the basis of present results, it is suggested that depressed subjects judged the emotional information with criteria different from normal individuals, and patients' emotional memory intensity is attenuated by their mood. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are State Governments Prepared for Fiscal Crises? A Look at Revenue Diversification during the 1990s

The financial condition of state and local governments has long been held as a prominent topic of discussion among government administrators, public economists, and political scholars. This article addresses the competing hypotheses of revenue diversification and revenue complexity and offers an empirical analysis of the various factors that affect state tax revenue diversification. The findings suggest that although political and demographic factors influence the level of state tax revenue diversification, economic factors and whether a state utilizes an income or sales tax to generate revenue represent the greatest determinants of state tax structures. As a result, this article serves as a foundation to initiate the development of a comprehensive theory of the determinants of state tax structures.
A survey of sampling-based Bayesian analysis of financial data

The capability of implementing a complete Bayesian analysis of experimental data has emerged over recent years due to computational advances developed within the statistical community. The objective of this paper is to provide a practical exposition of these methods in the illustrative context of a financial event study. The customary assumption of Gaussian errors underlying development of the model is later supplemented by considering Student-t errors, thus permitting a Bayesian sensitivity analysis. The supplied data analysis illustrates the advantages of the sampling-based Bayesian approach in allowing investigation of quantities beyond the scope of classical methods.
Multiple doses of intravenous interleukin 10 in steroid-refractory Crohn's disease. Crohn's Disease Study Group.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities. Gene-targeted IL-10-deficient mice develop a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease that is reminiscent of Crohn's disease. The present double-blind randomized multicenter trial was designed to evaluate the safety, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of IL-10 in Crohn's disease. METHODS Forty-six patients with active steroid-resistant Crohn's disease were treated with one of five doses of recombinant human IL-10 (0.5, 1, 5, 10, or 25 micrograms/kg) or placebo administered once daily by intravenous bolus injection over 7 consecutive days. RESULTS Treatment was safe and well tolerated, and no evidence for IL-10 accumulation was observed at the end of the treatment period. At the end of the study, Crohn's disease activity scores were 179 in IL-10-treated patients and 226 in patients receiving placebo. The proportion of patients that experienced a complete remission at any time in the 3-week follow-up period was 50% in the IL-10 group and 23% in placebo-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that IL-10 administered as a daily bolus injection over 1 week is safe and well tolerated and may be clinically efficacious.
The influence of playing position on the biomechanical demands of netball match-play

The Influence of Playing Position on the Biomechanical Demands of Netball Match-Play Netball is an intermittent and multi-directional team sport, played on a relatively small court. Rules restrict movement of certain positions within the court, and as such each of the seven positions has a unique physical, technical and tactical remit. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of playing position on mechanical loading during netball match-play.
A multivariate rate equation for variable-interval performance.

A value-like parameter is introduced into a rate equation for describing variable-interval performance. The equation, derived solely from formal considerations, expresses rate of responding as a joint function of rate of reinforcement and "reinforcer power. " Preliminary tests of the rate equation show that it handles univariate data as well as Herrnstein's hyperbola. In addition, a form of Herrnstein's hyperbola can be derived from the equation, and it predicts forms of matching in concurrent situations. For the multivariate case, reinforcer values scaled in concurrent situations where matching is assumed to hold are taken as determinations of reinforcer power. The multivariate rate equation is fitted to an appropriate set of data and found to provide a good description of variable-interval performance when both rate and power of reinforcement are varied. Rate and power measures completely describe reinforcement. The effects of their joint variation are not predicted and cannot be described by Herrnstein's equation.
VALUE FOR MONEY AUDITING IN NEW ZEALAND: COMPETING FOR CONTROL IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR

Abstract This paper provides an overview of the changing role of performance or Value for Money (VFM) auditing in the New Zealand public sector. In many countries there has been a strong interest in public sector reform and the place of accounting technologies such as VFM. A theoretical framework, derived from public policy literature, is used to explain the changing role and relevance of VFM auditing in New Zealand. Within the policy process problems, solutions and opportunities are relatively separate streams. Expert groups or epistemic communities compete to define the problem and to advocate their particular solutions. The Office of the Auditor-General is presented as an epistemic community within the New Zealand policy process and the technology of VFM as a solution to the problems of the day. However, the Treasury (NZ) also developed a policy solution involving radical restructure of the public sector, challenging the existing role of VFM. In response, the Audit Office re-defined the role of VFM auditing as a service to the parliamentary select committees. The changing role of VFM illustrates the flexible and the contestable nature of accounting technologies and casts some doubt on the argument that the growth of accounting in the public sector is inevitable.
Forecasting Australian Macroeconomic Variables Using a Large Dataset

This paper investigates the forecasting performance of the diffusion index approach for the Australian economy, and considers the forecasting performance of the diffusion index approach relative to composite forecasts. Weighted and unweighted factor forecasts are benchmarked against composite forecasts, and forecasts derived from individual forecasting models. The results suggest that diffusion index forecasts tend to improve on the benchmark AR forecasts. We also observe that weighted factors tend to produce better forecasts than their unweighted counterparts. We find, however, that the size of the forecasting improvement is less marked than previous research, with the diffusion index forecasts typically producing mean square errors of a similar magnitude to the VAR and BVAR approaches.
Mouse Hepatitis Virus 3 Binding to Macrophages Correlates with Resistance to Experimental Infection

Mouse hepatitis virus 3 (MHV3) infection of A/J and BALB/c mice has been used as a model of resistance/susceptibility. A/J mice recover from a mild disease after 4–6 days of infection and the BALB/c mice develop an acute hepatitis and die after 3–4 days of infection. In view of studying the MHV3 binding to cells or cell extracts, we performed an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay‐like virus‐binding assay, preparing microplates with L929 cells, A/J or BALB/c mouse macrophages and also with proteins extracted from these cells. Higher MHV3 bindings were observed to proteins of BALB/c macrophages than to the A/J ones. The interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) activation led to a reduction of MHV3 binding only to proteins of resistant A/J mouse macrophages. Our experiments contribute to the hypothesis that IFN‐γ activation of macrophages plays an important role against MHV3 infection by downregulating the expression of viral receptors.
The Principalship: A Reflective Practice Perspective

Part 1 The Moral Dimension Chapter 1 Setting the Stage: Administering as a Moral Craft Part 2 Toward a New Theory of Principal Leadership Chapter 2 The Principal's Job Today and Tomorrow Chapter 3 The Limits of Traditional Management Theory Chapter 4 A New Theory for the Principalship Chapter 5 The School as a Moral Community Part 3 Providing Leadership Chapter 6 The Forces of Leadership and the Culture of Schools Chapter 7 The Stages of Leadership: A Developmental View Chapter 8 Leading in a Community of Leaders Part 4 Instructional Leadership Chapter 9 Characteristics of Successful Schools Chapter 10 Becoming a Community of Mind Chapter 11 Teaching, Learning, and Community Chapter 12 Instructional Leadership, Supervision, and Teacher Development Chapter 13 Clinical Supervision, Coaching, Peer Inquiry, and Other Supervisory Practices Part 5 Motivation, Commitment, and Change Chapter 14 Motivation, Commitment, and the Teacher's Workplace Chapter 15 The Change Process Glossary References Index
Deamidation and Isoaspartate Formation in Smeared Tau in Paired Helical Filaments

An extensive loss of a selected population of neurons in Alzheimer’s disease is closely related to the formation of paired helical filaments (PHFs). The most striking characteristic of PHFs upon Western blotting is their smearing. According to a previously described protocol (Morishima-Kawashima, M., Hasegawa, M., Takio, K., Suzuki, M., Titani, K., and Ihara, Y. (1993) Neuron10, 1151–1160), smeared tau was purified, and its peptide map was compared with that of soluble (normal) tau. A CNBr fragment from soluble tau (CN5; residues 251–419 according to the 441-residue isoform) containing the microtubule-binding domain migrated at 15 and 18 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, whereas that from smeared tau exhibited two larger, unusually broad bands at ∼30 and ∼45 kDa, presumably representing dimers and trimers of CN5. In the peptide map of smeared tau-derived CN5, distinct peaks eluting at unusual locations were noted. Amino acid sequence and mass spectrometric analyses revealed that these distinct peptides bear isoaspartate at Asn-381 and Asp-387. Because no unusual peptides other than aspartyl or isoaspartyl peptide were found in the digests of smeared tau-derived CN5, it is likely that site-specific deamidation and isoaspartate formation are involved in its dimerization and trimerization and thus in PHF formation in vivo.
Online Detection of Mean Reversion in Algorithmic Pairs Trading

This thesis is concerned with online detection of mean-reversion in algorithmic pairs trading where a pair of assets is chosen when their prices are expected to show similar movements. In pairs trading, mean-reversion of the spread, defined as the price difference of a pair of financial instruments, is assumed, and we propose that the mean-reverted patterns can be detected online. For this, a new algorithm for variable forgetting factor using the conjugacy of distributions and an inference for multicategorical time series in dynamic models are developed. Two algorithms for variable forgetting factor are also introduced using the steepest descent method and the Gauss-Newton method each from the field of signal processing and control engineering. Performances of the three variable forgetting factor algorithms are evaluated by the mean square errors and the detection rate. However, the mean-reversion is not related to the stationarity in time series, in particular when it is locally detected. Thus, the behaviour of the spread or its mean-reversion needs to be carefully monitored as well. Considering that the detection of meanreversion relies on a parameter estimate of the state in dynamic linear model, the estimate is located to a category specified by the modeller. This behaviour of the estimate is monitored in dynamic generalised linear model for multicategorical time series where sequential Monte Carlo methods are applied for an inference as a simulation-based approach. As an illustration, algorithmic pairs trading is implemented and shown to be successful even with simple trading rules, given the daily stock prices from the stock exchange.
Income Inequality, Unequal Health Care Access, and Mortality in China

In Chinas recent socioeconomic reforms development and growth have become the top priority. Government policies fostering economic equality have been replaced by those fostering rapid economic growth. Inequality in income has grown at a startling pace in the last 25 years. In addition to marked interregional variation great intraregional differences in socioeconomic conditions and living standards have become commonplace in both urban and rural areas. The Gini index a widely used indictor for measuring inequality in income distribution increased from 0.31 in 1985 to 0.42 in 2001 according to a study by Wu and Perloff. Although other researchers have produced different estimates they generally agree that disparities in income and wealth have reached high and alarming levels. This stark inequality in China was also noted by a recent United Nations report titled The Inequality Predicament. Such changes can have major health consequences. This article investigates the health and mortality consequences of the collapse of the former Cooperative Medical System and Labor Insurance Scheme and the increasing disparity in the distribution of income and wealth. I examine mortality differentials among regions at different levels of socioeconomic development and explore their relationship to the increasing inequality in income distribution and to recent changes in health care. (excerpt)
ABATEMENT TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION UNDER UNCERTAINTY

New technology has been credited with solving environmental problems by mitigating the effects of pollutants. We construct a general equilibrium model in which abatement technology is a real option and pollution's (negative) amenity value alters both risk aversion and the intertemporal elasticity of substitution. We derive the tax scheme such that in a decentralized economy agents adopt the abatement technology at the time that is socially optimal. We show that the higher the greenness of preferences, the earlier the adoption and the higher the optimal tax rate. We also obtain that adoption is fostered by uncertainty if the effective intertemporal elasticity of substitution is large enough, but is not affected by uncertainty if this elasticity is low. Moreover, the optimal tax rate, which only exists if the effective intertemporal elasticity of substitution is high, is an increasing function of uncertainty.
Rules, Reputation and Macroeconomic Policy Coordination

In this book David Currie and Paul Levine address a broad range of issues concerning the design and conduct of macroeconomic policy in open economies. Adopting neo-Keynesian models for which monetary and fiscal policy have short-term real effects, they analyse active stabilisation policies in both a single- and multi-country context. Questions addressed include: the merits of simple policy rules, policy design in the face of uncertainty and international policy coordination. A central feature of the book is the treatment of credibility and the effect of a policy-maker's reputation for sticking to announced policies. These considerations are integrated with coordination issues to produce a unique synthesis. The volume develops optimal control methods and dynamic game theory to handle relationships between governments and a conscious rational private sector and produces a unified, coherent approach to the subject. This book will be of interest to students and teachers of open economy macroeconomics and to professional economists interested in using macroeconomic models to design policy.
Age-related change in serum concentrations of testosterone in middle-aged Korean men

The objective of this study was to determine whether testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels are different between healthy men and men with chronic illness, and to evaluate the age-related changes of testosterone and SHBG in healthy men in Korea. Enrolment took place between January 2000 and December 2001 at Pundang CHA General Hospital in Korea. All men who came for male climacteric and geriatric health screening examinations were eligible. Of the 762 men recruited, 136 men had at least one present or previous medical illness and 626 men were healthy. Higher serum concentrations of total testosterone (5.31 ± 1.88 ng/ml vs. 4.96 ± 1.43 ng/ml; p < 0.05), free androgen index (16.60 ± 7.36 vs. 14.57 ± 5.55; p < 0.01) and calculated bioavailable testosterone (8.88 ± 3.52 nmol/l vs. 7.91 ± 2.52 nmol/l; p < 0.01) were demonstrated in the healthy compared with the disease group. Total testosterone declined at a rate of 0.2% per year, SHBG increased by 1.74% per year, calculated bioavailable testosterone declined by 0.8% per year, and free androgen index declined by 1.15% per year in healthy subjects aged between 40 and 70. The above results seem to be consistent with previous Western studies, showing higher concentrations of testosterone in healthy men, that decline with increasing age.
Diabetes and cardiovascular risk in severe mental illness: a missed opportunity and challenge for the future.

Schizophrenia and bipolar illness are severe mental illnesses that affect around 1–2% of the population. They are associated with premature mortality with a reduced life-expectancy of 10–20 years. Although suicide and trauma contribute the highest relative risk of mortality, physical illness accounts for around three-quarters of all deaths, with cardiovascular disease being the most common cause of death. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes, dyslipidaemia, obesity and smoking are all more common in people with severe mental illness (SMI). Although there has been an increasing awareness of physical health issues in people with SMI, the level of screening for and management of cardiovascular risk factors has remained low. A number of national and international bodies have developed guidelines to address the challenge of physical morbidity in SMI. The principles of screening for and managing cardiovascular disease in people with SMI are similar to those in the general population, but there are additional challenges. Health care professionals within psychiatry, general practice and medical specialties need to work together to reduce the burden of physical health problems in people with SMI. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons.