Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxygen Glucose Deprivation Model of Cerebral Stroke in PC-12 Cells: Glucose as a Limiting Factor

Optimum time points for oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and re-oxygenation have been identified to suggest the suitability of PC-12 cells as rapid and sensitive in vitro model of cerebral stroke. Further, the precise role of glucose as one of the limiting factors was ascertained. PC-12 cells were subjected to receive OGD of 1–8 h followed by re-oxygenation for 6 to 96 h in medium having glucose 0–10 mg/ml. Loss of cell viability was assessed using trypan blue dye exclusion and MTT assays. The significant (p < 0.05) reduction in percent viable cell count was started at 2 h of OGD (80.7 ± 2.0) and continued in further OGD periods (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 h), i.e. 65.7 ± 3.5, 59.7 ± 4.6, 54.3 ± 3.2, 44.7 ± 2.9, 20.3 ± 4.3, 5.7 ± 2.0 of counted cells, respectively. Cells growing in glucose-free medium have shown a gradual (p < 0.001) decrease in cell viability throughout the re-oxygenation. Re-oxygenation of 24 h was found to be first statistically significant time point for all the glucose concentrations. Glucose concentration during re-oxygenation was found to be one of the key factors involved in the growth and proliferation in PC-12 cells. The OGD of 6 h followed by a re-oxygenation period of 24 h with 4–6 mg/ml glucose concentration could be recorded as optimum conditions under our experimental conditions.
Modelling Watersheds as Spatial Object Hierarchies: Structure and Dynamics

The generation, transport and fate of non‐point source pollutants in surface water systems is recognized as a major threat to water supplies, aquatic and coastal ecosystems. The transformation and movement of water, carbon and nutrients through watersheds integrates a set of ecosystem processes along hydrologic flowpaths. Human individual and institutional interactions with these processes involve direct addition or abstraction of these substances, or the alteration of land cover and drainage systems. In natural and developed catchments, these processes often vary at granularities ranging from below the level of a hillslope, up through regional watersheds. This suggests the need for the development of hierarchical analysis tools that can address the integration of a set of biophysical, biogeochemical and socioeconomic processes over a spectrum of scales. We describe and illustrate the use of a watershed model implemented as a spatial object hierarchy, representing successively contained landform classes associated with class specific processes as member functions. The model has been linked in a range of looser and tighter couplings with GRASS and ArcView, supplemented by specific terrain analytical functions. We illustrate the data and model system for an instrumented catchment monitored as part of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES), a Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site centering on integrated carbon, water and nutrient cycling.
Self-Experience in the Theme Park of Radical Action?

In accordance with the established view that the new social movements since the late 1960s have always pursued an agenda of comprehensive societal change, the new wave of movement activism since the late 1990s has widely been interpreted as evidence of the emergence of a new global movement for a radically different society. A critique of the one-sided reliance in social movement research on traditional actor-centred approaches leads to a systems-centred conceptualization of late-modern society, and via the diagnosis of its particular dilemmas, to the interpretation of contemporary social movements as a vital resource for the stabilization of the socioeconomic order of democratic consumer capitalism. As an addition to the existing social movement theories, the suggested approach contributes to a more complex understanding of non-conventional forms of political articulation and participation.
Under Consideration for Publication in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming Efficient Algebraic Effect Handlers for Prolog

Recent work has provided delimited control for Prolog to dynamically manipulate the program control-flow, and to implement a wide range of control-flow and dataflow effects on top of. Unfortunately, delimited control is a rather primitive language feature that is not easy to use. As a remedy, this work introduces algebraic effect handlers for Prolog, as a high-level and structured way of defining new side-effects in a modular fashion. We illustrate the expressive power of the feature and provide an implementation by means of elaboration into the delimited control primitives. The latter add a non-negligible performance overhead when used extensively. To address this issue, we present an optimised compilation approach that combines partial evaluation with dedicated rewrite rules. The rewrite rules are driven by a lightweight effect inference that analyses what effect operations may be called by a goal. We illustrate the effectiveness of this approach on a range of benchmarks. This article is under consideration for acceptance in TPLP.
Discrimination and Delayed Health Care Among Transgender Women and Men: Implications for Improving Medical Education and Health Care Delivery

Background:The transgender community experiences health care discrimination and approximately 1 in 4 transgender people were denied equal treatment in health care settings. Discrimination is one of the many factors significantly associated with health care utilization and delayed care. Objectives:We assessed factors associated with delayed medical care due to discrimination among transgender patients, and evaluated the relationship between perceived provider knowledge and delayed care using Anderson’s behavioral model of health services utilization. Research Design:Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to test whether predisposing, enabling, and health system factors were associated with delaying needed care for transgender women and transgender men. Subjects:A sample of 3486 transgender participants who took part in the National Transgender Discrimination Survey in 2008 and 2009. Measures:Predisposing, enabling, and health system environment factors, and delayed needed health care. Results:Overall, 30.8% of transgender participants delayed or did not seek needed health care due to discrimination. Respondents who had to teach health care providers about transgender people were 4 times more likely to delay needed health care due to discrimination. Conclusions:Transgender patients who need to teach their providers about transgender people are significantly more likely to postpone or not seek needed care. Systemic changes in provider education and training, along with health care system adaptations to ensure appropriate, safe, and respectful care, are necessary to close the knowledge and treatment gaps and prevent delayed care with its ensuing long-term health implications.
Multi-rate predictive cascade speed control of synchronous machines in automotive electrical traction drives

The speed control of electric machines employed in automotive electrical traction drives is a challenging problem. Indeed, these applications are subject to physical and computational constraints. This paper addresses this challenging problem by employing a multi-rate predictive cascade state-space control structure, focusing on the design of the outer loop controller. Firstly, the mathematical model for the outer loop control, including also the dynamics of the inner control loop, is obtained. Secondly, a model predictive control approach based on a flexible control Lyapunov function is employed to control the rotor speed. Thirdly, in order to obtain the unmeasured state and the torque load a state and disturbance observer is employed. As a consequence, offset-free operation of the control system is also obtained. A realistic simulation scenario using a previously validated model and comparison with a linear quadratic regulator scheme are considered in order to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Reflections on Public Morality

ident controls a tendency to exploit each technological development in mass com munications for its public relations impact, the less likely he is to become over-in sulated, and the more likely he is to benefit from constructive debate and criticism. Press secretaries are little more than convenient appurtenances to each Presi dent. The image caretaker exists only to complement the President. A Chief Exec utive will want help in areas where he be lieves himself to be weak; in choosing as sistants to help him with the mass media, a President must consider only his own needs. The caretaker of the Presidential image is what the President wants him to be, nothing more and nothing less. Their personalities and abilities complement each other. Without such a good meshing of the variables, the relationship would be dys functional.
The Classroom as a Planned Environment 1

ture at the Ohio State University, August 1, 1974, while the author was a Visiting Scholar at the Center for Vocational Education. 2Congress has not, however, expressed consistently their approval of the adequacy with which the policy has been carried out. As a matter of fact, the Omnibus Schoolaid Bill signed by President Ford on August 21, 1974 carried a provision which upgraded the National Center for Educational Statistics and placed it in the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Education rather than in USOE. 3To be fair it should probably be noted that the ambivalent attitude of Congress toward educational inquiry is a subset of responses within a broader reluctance on the part of Congress to become involved in the educational scene generally —what Stephen Bailey (1969) has typified colorfully as . the hoary notion that the federal government should leave the direction of education to the mercies of pluralistic and often contentious centers of decentralized authority. "
D-linking or set-restriction? Processing Which-questions in Dutch

Research on Wh-questions suggests that Which questions are harder to process than Who questions (e.g., Who/Which athlete won the competition? ). According to the Discourse (D)-linking Hypothesis, Which-questions differ from Who-questions in that Which questions need a link to a preceding discourse, while Who questions do not. However, this difference in processing may also be caused by differences in “set-restriction. ” Who is much less restrictive in the set of potential referents it presupposes than Which N (e.g., Which athlete). A self-paced reading study investigated how Who and Which N questions were processed compared to questions involving the generic Which person, which refer to the same relatively unrestrictive referential set as Who. Our results showed that Which N questions were significantly more difficult than Which person or Who questions in object initial structures, supporting the hypothesis that increased processing cost for Which should be explained by a mechanism of set-restriction inherent to Which N questions. Additionally we found that the syntactic role of the possible referents in the discourse context affects question processing before the readers encountered disambiguating information.
Apa is a trimeric autotransporter adhesin of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae responsible for autoagglutination and host cell adherence

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, and adherence to host cells is a key step in the pathogenic process. Although trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs) were identified in many pathogenic bacteria in recent years, none in A. pleuropneumoniae have been characterized. In this study, we identified a TAA from A. pleuropneumoniae, Apa, and characterized the contribution of its amino acid residues to the adhesion process. Sequence analysis of the C‐terminal amino acid residues of Apa revealed the presence of a putative translocator domain and six conserved HsfBD1‐like or HsfBD2‐like binding domains. Western blot analysis revealed that the 126 C‐terminal amino acids of Apa could form trimeric molecules. By confocal laser scanning microscopy, one of these six domains (ApaBD3) was determined to mediate adherence to epithelial cells. Adherence assays and adherence inhibition assays using a recombinant E. coli‐ ApaBD3 strain which expressed ApaBD3 on the surface of E. coli confirmed that this domain was responsible for the adhesion activity. Moreover, cellular enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays demonstrated that ApaBD3 mediated high‐level adherence to epithelial cell lines. Intriguingly, autoagglutination was observed with the E. coli‐ ApaBD3 strain, and this phenomenon was dependent upon the association of the expressed ApaBD3 with the C‐terminal translocator domain. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Protection Against Autoimmune Myocarditis by Gene Transfer of Interleukin-10 by Electroporation

Background—Although immunosuppressive therapy for myocarditis has attracted a great deal of attention, its effectiveness is controversial. Interleukin (IL)-10 has a variety of immunomodulatory properties. Among the nonviral techniques for gene transfer in vivo, the direct injection of plasmid DNA into muscle is simple, inexpensive, and safe. Methods and Results—We examined the applicability of murine IL-10 (mIL-10) gene transfer to the treatment of rats with experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Nine-week-old Lewis rats were inoculated with pig myosin (day 0). A plasmid vector expressing mIL-10 cDNA (800 &mgr;g per rat) was transferred into the tibialis anterior muscles by electroporation 3 times (5 days before immunization and at days 4 and 13); control rats received empty plasmid. Electroporation increased the serum mIL-10 levels to >250 pg/mL. The 21-day survival rate in rats treated with mIL-10 cDNA was higher (15 of 15; 100%) than that of the control group (9 of 15; 60%). Furthermore, mIL-10 treatment significantly attenuated myocardial lesions and improved hemodynamic parameters. Conclusions—These findings showed that gene transfer into muscle by electroporation in vivo is an effective means of delivery of IL-10 for the treatment of autoimmune myocarditis.
Efficacy and safety of fondaparinux in major orthopedic surgery according to the timing of its first administration

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SPECT fi ndings during simple partial status epilepticus

Simple partial status epilepticus occurs more rarely than other forms of status epilepticus. This report describes two patients with temporal lobe epilepsy who experienced simple partial status epilepticus. Results show that basal ganglia and the mid-brain are activated during simple partial status epilepticus by blood perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and subtraction ictal SPECT coregistered to MRI (SISCOM).
Maternal recall of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are risk markers for future maternal coronary heart disease (CHD). Clinical assessment of a woman's history of pregnancy complications relies on self-report, but the predictive value of maternal recall is unclear. A systematic review was conducted to comprehensively review and critically assess the available literature on maternal recall of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. METHODS The PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched through August 2012. We included original research articles comparing maternal recall of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy with medical records. RESULTS Ten studies met eligibility criteria for qualitative analysis and were independently reviewed by two investigators. Recall periods ranged from 48 hours to 30 years. Length of recall did not appear to uniformly affect recall quality. Sensitivity was generally lower and less consistent for gestational hypertension than for preeclampsia. Specificity was >90% for all hypertensive disorders. Determinants of recall accuracy included maternal education and parity. CONCLUSIONS Although maternal recall of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is specific, low sensitivity and predictive values may limit the clinical utility of asking mothers to recall their history of hypertensive pregnancy complications. Future research on maternal recall of pregnancy complications should be designed to yield predictive values and test recall of disorder subtypes, recurrent complications, and changing recall over time in the same population. The utility of gestation length and offspring birth weight for clinical identification of women whose pregnancy history puts them at increased CHD risk should also be explored.
Relationship between job burnout and occupational stress among doctors in China

The purpose of this study was to explore the status of the job burnout of doctors and the variables associated with this in China. The sample consisted of 543 doctors from three provincial hospitals in China. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) was used to measure burnout, and the occupational stress inventory revised edition was used to measure the two dimensions of occupational adjustment (including occupational stress and coping resources). After the statistical testing for validity and reliability of MBI-GS with nurses in China, the participants' scores were evaluated and analysed. The main results were as follows. The scores of job burnout of the surgeon and physician were significantly higher than the others (p < 0.05). The score of exhaustion (EX) was significantly higher in the 30- to 40-year age group than that in any other groups. The score of professional efficacy (PE) decreased with age, while this increased with educational status. Occupational stress was significantly positively related to all burnout dimensions (p < 0.05), while coping resources correlated negatively to all burnout dimensions. Under multilevel regression, the main significant predictors of EX were role overload, responsibility, physical environment and self-care. The main significant predictors of cynicism were role insufficiency, role overload and responsibility, and of PE were role insufficiency, social support and rational/cognitive coping (p < 0.05). Organizational efforts aimed at reducing occupational stress and strengthening their coping resources among doctors could help prevent job burnout. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A COMPARISON OF ORAL AND WRITTEN TEXT: A NEW PERSPECTIVE

This study was designed to examine the relationship of listening and reading in light of some new perspectives on the differences between oral and written language. The specific purpose was to determine what relationship exists between varying levels of reading competency and the differential modes of content presentation and whether these variables have any effect on immediate and delayed learning. Tenth grade students (N=192) stratified according to reading competency were randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions: 1) Spontaneous oral language (lecture), 2) tape, 3) written text, 4) cued written text. After the experimental conditions, the subjects were administered a multiple choice exam. One week later the test was readministered. While there were no significant differences across the presentation modes for immediate learning, there were significant differences for delayed learning. Subjects in the listening presentation performed significantly better than the subjects in the reading prese.
A Formal Framework for the Objective Evaluation of Edge Detectors

Edge detection is one of the most-studied problems in the field of computer vision. However, there is no standard method of objectively and accurately evaluating the performance of an edge detector. This work proposes such a framework. The framework is based on using real images, hand-specified ground truth, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve style analysis of true positive and false positive edge pixels. The method is illustrated by developing a comparison of six edge detectors.
Mirror movements in X-linked Kallmann's syndrome. II. A PET study.

To investigate the mechanism of mirror movements seen in X-linked Kallmann's syndrome, we measured changes of regional cerebral blood flow with H2 15O-PET. We studied six right-handed Kallmann male subjects and six matched, right-handed control subjects during an externally paced finger opposition task. The analyses were done both on a single subject and a group basis. The Kallmann group showed a strong primary motor cortex (M1) activation contralateral to the voluntarily moved hand, but there was also a significant degree of M1 activation ipsilateral to the voluntarily moved hand, i.e. contralateral to the mirroring hand. However, when comparing contralateral to ipsilateral M1 activation, the M1 activation contralateral to the voluntarily moved hand was significantly stronger. In the controls, significant increases in rCBF were seen in the contralateral M1 during voluntary movement of either hand; a small ipsilateral M1 activation was found in two out of six normal subjects when they moved their left hand. In a second experiment it was shown that, in two out of two Kallmann subjects, passive movements of the right hand resulted in left M1 activation that was similar to the activation in the left M1 when subjects made mirror movements with their right hand. This suggests, but does not prove, that the small but significant activation of the ipsilateral M1 in Kallmann's subjects may be due to sensory feedback from the involuntarily mirroring hand.
Phonological Memory, Phonological Awareness, and Foreign Language Word Learning

The role of phonological memory and phonological awareness in foreign language (FL) word learning was examined. Measures of phonological memory and phonological awareness were administered to 58 Chinese-speaking 4-year-olds 4 times (T1 to T4) across 2 years. FL (English) word learning was assessed at T3, and children's ability to relearn the words was assessed at T4. Phonological memory was related to FL word learning at T3, whereas phonological awareness was not. However, phonological awareness emerged as a significant predictor at T4, even after allowing for FL word learning at T3 and phonological memory. The results suggest that phonological memory and phonological awareness may support FL word learning, but phonological awareness may play a specific role when the words are relearned.