Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multicellular Transcriptional Analysis of Mammalian Heart Regeneration

Background: The inability of the adult mammalian heart to regenerate following injury represents a major barrier in cardiovascular medicine. In contrast, the neonatal mammalian heart retains a transient capacity for regeneration, which is lost shortly after birth. Defining the molecular mechanisms that govern regenerative capacity in the neonatal period remains a central goal in cardiac biology. Here, we assemble a transcriptomic framework of multiple cardiac cell populations during postnatal development and following injury, which enables comparative analyses of the regenerative (neonatal) versus nonregenerative (adult) state for the first time. Methods: Cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, leukocytes, and endothelial cells from infarcted and noninfarcted neonatal (P1) and adult (P56) mouse hearts were isolated by enzymatic dissociation and fluorescence-activated cell sorting at day 3 following surgery. RNA sequencing was performed on these cell populations to generate the transcriptome of the major cardiac cell populations during cardiac development, repair, and regeneration. To complement our transcriptomic data, we also surveyed the epigenetic landscape of cardiomyocytes during postnatal maturation by performing deep sequencing of accessible chromatin regions by using the Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin from purified mouse cardiomyocyte nuclei (P1, P14, and P56). Results: Profiling of cardiomyocyte and nonmyocyte transcriptional programs uncovered several injury-responsive genes across regenerative and nonregenerative time points. However, the majority of transcriptional changes in all cardiac cell types resulted from developmental maturation from neonatal stages to adulthood rather than activation of a distinct regeneration-specific gene program. Furthermore, adult leukocytes and fibroblasts were characterized by the expression of a proliferative gene expression network following infarction, which mirrored the neonatal state. In contrast, cardiomyocytes failed to reactivate the neonatal proliferative network following infarction, which was associated with loss of chromatin accessibility around cell cycle genes during postnatal maturation. Conclusions: This work provides a comprehensive framework and transcriptional resource of multiple cardiac cell populations during cardiac development, repair, and regeneration. Our findings define a regulatory program underpinning the neonatal regenerative state and identify alterations in the chromatin landscape that could limit reinduction of the regenerative program in adult cardiomyocytes.
Marché du sexe en Suisse. Etat des connaissances, best practices et recommandations, Volet 1 – Revue de la littérature

Les travailleuses et travailleurs du sexe constituent une population heterogene, presentant des facteurs de vulnerabilite multiples face aux differents risques affectant le bien-etre et l'etat de sante. Cette complexite demande une connaissance approfondie du milieu afin de mettre en oeuvre les politiques publiques les mieux adaptees et les plus efficaces. Conscient de cet enjeu et du manque de donnees scientifiques sur le sujet en Suisse, l'Office Federal de la Sante Publique a mandate en 2007 une equipe de sociologues de l'Universite de Geneve pour mener une vaste enquete en trois volets sur le marche du sexe en Suisse. Cette enquete avait comme objectif principal de fournir une base de connaissances pour le monde politique, associatif et pour les chercheuses et chercheurs concernes par le marche du sexe et les questions de sante s'y attenant. Le projet comporte trois volets. Le premier volet de l'etude offre un etat des lieux de la litterature internationale et des projets dans le domaine de la sante des travailleuses du sexe. Les informations concernant les taux de prevalence du VIH-Sida et des autres infections sexuellement transmissibles, l'etiologie des troubles, les comportements face a la sante, ainsi que les projets et politiques de prevention y sont repertories. Le deuxieme volet recense et analyse les bases legales federales, cantonales et dans une moindre mesure communales relatives au marche du sexe en Suisse. Le troisieme volet de l'etude presente les resultats d'une enquete aupres de 200 acteurs (police, service des migrations, travail social, travail du sexe). Il dresse un panorama par canton du marche du sexe d'une part et des activites de prevention/promotion de la sante dans ce domaine d'autre part en vue d'identifier les succes des mesures en place et leurs principales barrieres. L'ensemble des resultats (en francais et allemand) a ete rassemble sur le site web interactif suivant : http://www.sexworkinfo. net/. Cet ouvrage porte sur le premier volet de l'etude.
Diffusion-Weighted MR imaging: Clinical applications of kurtosis analysis to prostate cancer

Magnetic resonance imaging technique known as DWI (diffusion-weighted imaging) allows measurement of water diffusivity on a pixel basis for evaluating pathology throughout the body and is now routinely incorporated into many body MRI protocols, mainly in oncology. Indeed water molecules motion reflects the interactions with other molecules, membranes, cells, and in general the interactions with the environment. Microstructural changes as e.g. cellular organization and/or integrity then affect the motion of water molecules, and consequently alter the water diffusion properties measured by DWI. Then DWI technique can be used to extract information about tissue organization at the cellular level indirectly from water motion. In general the signal intensity in DWI can be quantified by using a parameter known as ADC (Apparent Diffusion Coefficient) emphasizing that it is not the real diffusion coefficient, which is a measure of the average water molecular motion. In the simplest models, the distribu- tion of a water molecule diffusing in a certain period of time is considered to have a Gaussian form with its width proportional to the ADC. However, water in biological structures often displays non-Gaussian diffusion behavior, consequently the DWI signal shows a more complex behavior that need to be modeled following different approaches. In this work we explore the possibility to quantify the degree to which water diffusion in biologic tissues is non-Gaussian introducing the AKC parameter (Apparent Kurtosis Coefficient). In this work we have realized DWI non-Gaussian diffusion maps to be used in the clinical routine along with standard ADC maps, giving to the radiologist another tool to explore how much structure inside a voxel is organized. In particular in this work some prostate DWI examples have been analyzed and will be shown.
Preventable stroke and stroke prevention

Summary. Stroke is a major cause of death and disability in the world. The main causes of stroke are atherothromboembolism and cardiogenic embolism. The main causal and treatable risk factors for atherothromboembolic ischemic stroke are increasing blood pressure (BP), increasing cholesterol, cigarette smoking and diabetes; and the main risk factors for cardiogenic ischemic stroke are atrial fibrillation (AF) and ischemic heart disease. Strategies to reduce the incidence of stroke include prevention of first‐ever and recurrent stroke, and treatment of patients with acute stroke to reduce death and disability. The two main strategies of stroke prevention are the ‘population’ (or ‘mass’) approach and the ‘high risk’ approach. The ‘population’ approach aims to reduce stroke by lowering the prevalence and mean level of causal risk factors in the community, by means of public education and government legislation. The ‘high risk’ approach aims to reduce stroke by identifying individuals at high risk of stroke, and lowering their risk by means of optimal medical therapies. Level 1 evidence from randomized controlled trials indicates that effective treatments for high risk patients include control of causal risk factors (lowering BP, lowering blood cholesterol), antithrombotic therapy (antiplatelet therapy with aspirin, clopidogrel, or the combination of aspirin and dipyridamole for patients in sinus rhythm, and anticoagulation with warfarin or ximelagatran for patients in AF) and, where appropriate, carotid revascularization for patients with severe carotid stenosis.
The Cellular Interactome of the Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus Nucleocapsid Protein and Functional Implications for Virus Biology

ABSTRACT The coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein plays a multifunctional role in the virus life cycle, from regulation of replication and transcription and genome packaging to modulation of host cell processes. These functions are likely to be facilitated by interactions with host cell proteins. The potential interactome of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) N protein was mapped using stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) coupled to a green fluorescent protein-nanotrap pulldown methodology and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The addition of the SILAC label allowed discrimination of proteins that were likely to specifically bind to the N protein over background binding. Overall, 142 cellular proteins were selected as potentially binding to the N protein, many as part of larger possible complexes. These included ribosomal proteins, nucleolar proteins, translation initiation factors, helicases, and hnRNPs. The association of selected cellular proteins with IBV N protein was confirmed by immunoblotting, cosedimentation, and confocal microscopy. Further, the localization of selected proteins in IBV-infected cells as well as their activity during virus infection was assessed by small interfering RNA-mediated depletion, demonstrating the functional importance of cellular proteins in the biology of IBV. This interactome not only confirms previous observations made with other coronavirus and IBV N proteins with both overexpressed proteins and infectious virus but also provides novel data that can be exploited to understand the interaction between the virus and the host cell.
Patterns of BAP1 protein expression provide insights into prognostic significance and the biology of uveal melanoma

Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare aggressive intraocular tumour with a propensity for liver metastases, occurring in ∼50% of patients. The tumour suppressor BAP1 is considered to be key in UM progression. Herein, we present the largest study to date investigating cellular expression patterns of BAP1 protein in 165 UMs, correlating these patterns to prognosis. Full clinical, histological, genetic, and follow‐up data were available for all patients. BAP1 gene sequencing was performed on a subset of 26 cases. An independent cohort of 14 UMs was examined for comparison. Loss of nuclear BAP1 (nBAP1) protein expression was observed in 54% (88/165) UMs. nBAP1 expression proved to be a significant independent prognostic parameter: it identified two subgroups within monosomy 3 (M3) UM, which are known to have a high risk of metastasis. Strikingly, nBAP1‐positiveM3 UMs were associated with prolonged survival compared to nBAP1‐negative M3 UMs (Log rank, p = 0.014). nBAP1 protein loss did not correlate with a BAP1 mutation in 23% (6/26) of the UMs analysed. Cytoplasmic BAP1 protein (cBAP1) expression was also observed in UM: although appearing ‘predominantly diffuse’ in most nBAP1‐negative UM, a distinct ‘focal perinuclear’ expression pattern – localized immediately adjacent to the cis Golgi – was seen in 31% (18/59). These tumours tended to carry loss‐of‐function BAP1 mutations. Our study demonstrates loss of nBAP1 expression to be the strongest prognostic marker in UM, confirming its importance in UM progression. Our data suggest that non‐genetic mechanisms account for nBAP1 loss in a small number of UMs. In addition, we describe a subset of nBAP1‐negative UM, in which BAP1 is sequestered in perinuclear bodies, most likely within Golgi, warranting further mechanistic investigation.
Alcohol use in adolescents with eating disorders

Eating disorders, in particular bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder are associated with co-morbid alcohol and drug abuse. School-based studies have shown significant associations between bulimic behaviors and various measures of alcohol, cigarette and other drug use and abuse. Amongst bulimic adolescents, substance use is related to an increased likeliness of high risk behaviors such as attempted suicide, stealing and sexual intercourse. In contrast with bulimics and binge eaters, restricting anorexics have low rates of co-morbid substance abuse. It appears that restricting anorexics, binge eaters and bulimics represent distinct subgroups within the eating disordered population and binge eaters and bulimics are more prone to alcohol use. It is possible that individuals with eating disorders turn to alcohol use/abuse as a way of coping with the problems caused by their eating disorder. Researchers have proposed that an addictive personality is an underlying trait, which predisposes individuals to both eating disorders and alcohol abuse. Eating disorders are often conceptualized as an addictive disorder. Opioid antagonists, such as naltrexone, may be useful in treating both eating and alcohol use disorders. There is also evidence that serotonin reuptake inhibitors, which are traditionally used to treat major depression, may be an effective treatment. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been effective in treating alcohol use and eating disorders individually and may be an effective combined treatment for co-morbid eating disorders and alcohol use. Teaching healthy ways to cope with the stressful situations may also help decrease alcohol use and disordered eating behaviors.
Magneto-Optical Study of Opal Thin Films

The structure and optical properties of artificial opal thin films, which were synthesized from silica spheres by a modified self-assembly protocol, in the absence and under the applied magnetic field were studied. The surface characterization showed a homogeneous well-ordered face centered cubic structure of silica balls at average size 305 ± 5 nm. The reflection measurements showed the main reflection plane (1 1 1) besides a minor secondary (2 0 0) plane. The applied field (up to 1000 Oe) induced a systematical splitting of several lines which showed an increase in intensity according to the increase in applied field and thickness of substrate coating MnO2 layer.
Integration of Academia and Practice in Preparedness Training: The Harvard School of Public Health Experience

Given the need for public health professionals well trained in emergency preparedness and response, students in public health programs require ample practical training to prepare them for careers in public health practice. The Harvard School of Public Health Center for Public Health Preparedness has been instrumental in the creation and implementation of a course entitled, “Bioterrorism: Public Health Preparedness and Response. ” This course features lectures on specific applications of public health practice in emergency preparedness and response. In addition, it provides students the opportunity to operationalize and apply their knowledge during an interactive tabletop exercise. In light of their university affiliations and expertise in providing preparedness training, other Academic Centers for Public Health Preparedness have the opportunity to be instrumental in providing similar training to graduate students of public health.
Prevalence, complications, and hospital charges associated with use of bone-morphogenetic proteins in spinal fusion procedures.

CONTEXT No national data exist to examine use of bone-morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in spinal fusion surgery. OBJECTIVE To determine the patterns of use and rates of complications and financial charges associated with BMP use in spinal fusion nationally. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Retrospective cohort study of 328,468 patients undergoing spinal fusion procedures from 2002-2006 identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database, a 20% sample of US community hospitals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The rates of use of BMP among patients undergoing spinal fusion procedures are examined along with complications, length of stay, and hospital charges associated with use of this fusion adjunct. RESULTS The nationwide usage of BMP has increased from 0.69% of all fusions in 2002 to 24.89% of all fusions in 2006. Use of BMP varied by patient sex, race, and primary payer with increased use seen in women (56.26% with BMP vs 53.35% without BMP; odds ratio [OR], 1.12; 95% confidence interval, [CI], 1.09-1.16) and Medicare patients (29.62% with BMP vs 27.16% without BMP; OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.31-1.56) and decreased use in nonwhite patients (8.69% with BMP vs 10.23% without BMP; OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.75-0.85). When comparing immediate postoperative, in-hospital rates of complications for the year 2006 among patients undergoing spinal fusion by BMP use status, no differences were seen for lumbar, thoracic, or posterior cervical procedures. On univariate analysis and after multivariable adjustment, the use of BMP in anterior cervical fusion procedures was associated with a higher rate of complication occurrence (7.09% with BMP vs 4.68% without BMP; adjusted OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.12-1.70) with the primary increases seen in wound-related complications (1.22% with BMP vs 0.65% without BMP; adjusted OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.10- 2.53) and dysphagia or hoarseness (4.35% with BMP vs 2.45% without BMP; adjusted OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.30-2.05). Bone-morphogenetic protein use was associated with greater inpatient hospital charges across all categories of fusion. Increases between 11% and 41% of total hospital charges were reported, with the greatest percentage increase seen for anterior cervical fusion. CONCLUSION Bone-morphogenetic protein was used in approximately 25% of all spinal fusions nationally in 2006, with use associated with more frequent complications for anterior cervical fusions and with greater hospital charges for all categories of fusions.
Cost‐effectiveness of growth factors during hepatitis C anti‐viral therapy

Background Although the current standard of care for controlling anaemia and neutropenia during anti‐viral therapy for hepatitis C is to use dose reduction of ribavirin and pegylated interferon, respectively, erythropoietin and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor are now being advocated as alternatives to dose reduction.
Cost and efficiency-based scheduling on a general framework combining between cloud computing and local thick clients

Today, the rapid growth of the large-scale applications conduces to a difficult challenge to individuals as well as the commercial organizations due to the limitation of the local computing resources. Meanwhile, the extension of the local computing platforms requires a huge investment about both finance and human power. Therefore, the use of nearly-unlimited resources and on-demand scaling of Cloud computing is considered as a potential solution to address the problems above. However, since Cloud computing is built from a pay-as-you-go model, the novel application scheduling approaches are challenged to guarantee the high efficiency of application execution and the reasonable cost for renting Cloud resources. In this paper, we present a novel framework built from the combination between the computing resources on Cloud computing and the computing components in the local systems. The key component of this framework is the Cost with Finish Time-based scheduling algorithm, which provides the balance between performance of application schedule and the mandatory cost for the use of Cloud resources. The experiments and comparison with the other scheduling approaches demonstrated the potential benefits of our proposed algorithm.
Towards Measurement Consolidation for Overlay Optimization and Service Placement

Abstract Overlay networks and distributed services are currently favorite approaches to add new functionality to the network. Often, these approaches strongly rely on accurate information about the current state of nodes and network to increase performance, efficiency and user experience. Based on previous work, we show how UNISONO provides this information while hiding the complexity of the measurement task. UNISONO is a generic framework for host-based distributed network measurements. In this paper, we present UNISONO as a way towards consolidated measurement for the creation of overlays as well as for service placement. We give an overview of the UNISONO concept as well as security considerations of such a service and show how distributed services benefit from its usage.
STAKEHOLDER PERCEPTION IN SUSTAINABLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP : THE ROLE OF MANAGERIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL COGNITION

This paper aims to shed light on how sustainability driven entrepreneurs perceive their stakeholder relationships. Entrepreneurial cognition theory has emphasized the need to better understand how individual perception drives the behaviour of entrepreneurs in general and their opportunity seeking in the early stages of business formation in particular. Much of the freedom sustainability driven entrepreneurs will experience in successfully developing their businesses depends on the appropriate management of stakeholders in support of their business ideas. Therefore, an important research question focuses on how critical stakeholders are identified and addressed in this phase. Against the background of entrepreneurial cognition theory, we argue that sustainability driven entrepreneurs are distinct in the way they deal with this particular task due to the triple-bottom-line nature of their ventures. The paper discusses the emergence of sustainability driven entrepreneurship, develops a revised model of stakeholder identification and proposes a qualitative research design illustrated by a case study.
Green Entrepreneurship: Building a Green Economy? – Evidence from the UK

Purpose – There has been a growing interest in the development of a ‘green’ or ‘low carbon’ economy as a means of reconciling economic development and the environment. Research on green entrepreneurs to date has been upon individual entrepreneurs, neglecting wider economic and social contexts within which they operate. By looking at these wider networks of support, we suggest that discourses of the lone entrepreneur innovating and changing business practices are misrepresentative. Methodology/approach – Semi-structured interviews to investigate green entrepreneurship with green building companies and policy makers. Findings – Combined with new demands from consumers for more environmentally friendly products and services, the changing shape of national and global economies is leading to new forms of entrepreneurship. We identify a number of tensions between policy intentions and businesses’ experiences on the ground. Research limitations/implications – To date, research has only been undertaken in the UK – we recommend that future research takes other national contexts into account. Other economic sectors also represent promising areas for future research, potentially including social enterprises in the green economy. Sustainability transitions theories offer a potentially valuable means for understanding the role of businesses in engendering a green economy. Practical implications – Implications for policy frameworks are outlined in the conclusions. Originality/value of chapter – By incorporating policy and support organisations, and informal networks of support, the chapter challenges the dominant view of the lone entrepreneurial hero and points to the significance of networks for facilitating green entrepreneurship. This will be of importance for policy makers and funders of entrepreneurship programmes.
Classification and Prognostic Factors of Endodontic-Periodontic Lesions in the Dog

The classification of the possible pathologic relationships between the periodontium and endodontium in man includes three separate groups. This classification system is adapted for utilization in the dog to clarify the appropriate treatment and prognosis of dog's teeth affected with endodontic-periodontic lesions. This article describes the classification and treatment planning with illustrations of each type.