Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sodium Kinetics of Na,K-ATPase α Isoforms in Intact Transfected HeLa Cells

By participating in the regulation of ion and voltage gradients, the Na-K pump (i.e., Na,K-ATPase) influences many aspects of cellular physiology. Of the four α isoforms of the pump, α1 is ubiquitous, α2 is predominant in skeletal muscle, and α3 is found in neurons and the cardiac conduction system. To determine whether the isoforms have different intracellular Na+ affinities, we used the Na+-sensitive dye sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate (SBFI) to measure pump-mediated Na+ efflux as a function of [Na+]i in human HeLa cells stably transfected with rat Na-K pump isoforms. We Na+-loaded the cells, and then monitored the time course of the decrease in [Na+]i after removing external Na+. All transfected rat α subunits were highly ouabain resistant: the α1 isoform is naturally resistant, whereas the α2 and α3 isoforms had been mutagenized to render them resistant. Thus, the Na+ efflux mediated by endogenous and transfected pumps could be separated by studying the cells at low (1 μM) and high (4 mM) ouabain concentrations. We found that the apparent K m for Na+ efflux attributable to the native human α1 isoform was 12 mM, which was similar to the K m of rat α1. The α2 and α3 isoforms had apparent K m's of 22 and 33 mM, respectively. The cells expressing α3 had a high resting [Na+]i. The maximal activity of native α1 in the α3-transfected cells was only ∼56% of native α1 activity in untransfected HeLa cells, suggesting that transfection with α3 led to a compensatory decrease in endogenous α1 pumps. We conclude that the apparent K m(Na+) for rat Na-K pump isoforms increases in the sequence α1 < α2 < α3. The α3 isoform may be suited for handling large Na+ loads in electrically active cells.
Folding of the triangular lattice with quenched random bending rigidity

We study the problem of folding of the regular triangular lattice in the presence of a quenched random bending rigidity + or - K and a magnetic field h (conjugate to the local normal vectors to the triangles). The randomness in the bending energy can be understood as arising from a prior marking of the lattice with quenched creases on which folds are favored. We consider three types of quenched randomness: (1) a ``physical'' randomness where the creases arise from some prior random folding; (2) a Mattis-like randomness where creases are domain walls of some quenched spin system; (3) an Edwards-Anderson-like randomness where the bending energy is + or - K at random independently on each bond. The corresponding (K,h) phase diagrams are determined in the hexagon approximation of the cluster variation method. Depending on the type of randomness, the system shows essentially different behaviors.
The psychosocial dimensions of aging: a research project with italian elders, caregivers and young people and also spanish elders

The quick increase of life expectations is a typical phenomenon of developed world. The aging has been considered simply waiting period of the death for long time. Thus, today more never, it becomes extremely important to reflect upon possibility increasing the quality of life among elders. In ecological-systemic framework, one question extremely important is how to change social representations on elders and make meaningful the years of the old age. According to designed scenery, we are going to carry out a research, which is going to be articulated in two studies: the first is going to carry out involving one group of elders and one group of young people; the second is going to carry out to make cross-national comparisons between Italy and Spain. We are going to use a psychosocial questionnaire, which includes the following measures: a set of items regarding to model of resistance to change and the activities which an elder usually does during the day; free associations; Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; Temporal Satisfaction With Life Scale; WHO-QoL-Bref; Perceived Social Self-efficacy. Results of our research will contribute to a better and more articulated knowledge regarding to elders and their lives.
An Erdös-Ko-Rado Theorem for Multisets

Let $k$ and $m$ be positive integers. A collection of $k$-multisets from $\{1,\dots, m \}$ is intersecting if every pair of multisets from the collection is intersecting. We prove that for $m \geq k+1$, the size of the largest such collection is $\binom{m+k-2}{k-1}$ and that when $m > k+1$, only a collection of all the $k$-multisets containing a fixed element will attain this bound. The size and structure of the largest intersecting collection of $k$-multisets for $m \leq k$ is also given.
A subset of t(11;14) lymphoma with mantle cell features displays mutated IgVH genes and includes patients with good prognosis, nonnodal disease.

We analyzed lymphocyte morphology, histology, immunophenotype, immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgVH) gene mutations, and clinical course in 80 unselected patients presenting with circulating t(11;14) lymphocytes. Of the 80 patients, 43 had peripheral lymphadenopathy (nodal group), and histology confirmed mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) in all. There were 37 patients with no lymphadenopathy (nonnodal group); 13 of 37 had histology, all showing MCL. IgVH genes were unmutated in 28 (90%) of 31 nodal and 15 (44%) of 34 nonnodal cases (P =.0001); CD38 was positive in 32 (94%) of 34 nodal and 16 (48%) of 33 nonnodal cases (P <.001); 41 (95%) of 43 nodal patients required immediate treatment compared with 18 (49%) of 37 nonnodal patients who had indolent disease (P <.0001). Median survival (95% confidence interval) was 30 months (10-50) in the nodal group and 79 months (22-136) in the nonnodal group (P =.005). Mutation status did not statistically affect survival, but of 6 long-term survivors (> 90 months) all were nonnodal and 5 of 5 had mutated IgVH genes. Lymphocyte morphology was heterogeneous in both groups: typical MCL in 56 cases (34 nodal, 22 nonnodal), blastoid MCL in 8 cases (3 nodal, 5 nonnodal), and small-cell MCL in 16 cases (6 nodal, 10 nonnodal, P =.12). Matutes immunophenotyping score was 1 in 65 cases and 2 in 15 (8 nodal, 7 nonnodal). We find no evidence against a diagnosis of MCL in the nonnodal group and suggest that mutated IgVH genes may help identify patients with indolent disease.
Is the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolic abnormalities increased in early schizophrenia? A comparative meta-analysis of first episode, untreated and treated patients.

UNLABELLED We aimed to discover whether metabolic complications of schizophrenia (SZ) are present in first episode (FE) and unmedicated (UM) patients, in comparison with patients established on antipsychotic medication (AP). METHOD A systematic search, critical appraisal, and meta-analysis were conducted of studies to December 2011 using Medline, PsycINFO, Embase and experts. Twenty-six studies examined FE SZ patients (n = 2548) and 19 included UM SZ patients (n = 1325). For comparison we identified 78 publications involving 24 892 medicated patients who had chronic SZ already established on AP. RESULTS In UM, the overall rate of metabolic syndrome (MetS) was 9.8% using any standardized criteria. Diabetes was found in only 2.1% and hyperglycaemia (>100 mg/dl) in 6.4%. In FE, the overall MetS rate was 9.9%, diabetes was found in only 1.2%, and hyperglycaemia in 8.7%. In UM and FE, the rates of overweight were 26.6%, 22%; hypertriglyceridemia 16.9%, 19.6%; low HDL 20.4%, 21.9%; high blood pressure 24.3%, 30.4%; smoking 40.2%, 46.8%, respectively. In both groups all metabolic components and risk factors were significantly less common in early SZ than in those already established on AP. Waist size, blood pressure and smoking were significantly lower in UM compared with FE. CONCLUSION There is a significantly lower cardiovascular risk in early SZ than in chronic SZ. Both diabetes and pre-diabetes appear uncommon in the early stages, especially in UM. However, smoking does appear to be elevated early after diagnosis. Clinicians should focus on preventing initial cardiometabolic risk because subsequent reduction in this risk is more difficult to achieve, either through behavioral or pharmacologic interventions.
Oncoplastic Approaches to Breast Conservation

When a woman is diagnosed with breast cancer many aspects of her physical, emotional, and sexual wholeness are threatened. The quickly expanding field of oncoplastic breast surgery aims to enhance the physician commitment to restore the patient's image and self-assurance. By combining a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment with oncoplastic surgery, successful results in the eyes of the patient and physician are significantly more likely to occur. As a way to aid oncoplastic teams in determining which approach is most suitable for their patient's tumor size, tumor location, body habitus, and desired cosmetic outcome we present a review of several oncoplastic surgical approaches. For resections located anywhere in the breast, the radial ellipse segmentectomy incision and circumareolar approach for segmental resection are discussed. For resections in the upper or central breast, crescent mastopexy, the batwing incision, the hemibatwing incision, donut mastopexy, B-flap resection, and the central quadrantectomy are reviewed. For lesions of the lower breast, the triangle incision, inframammary incision, and reduction mastopexy are discussed. Surgeons who are interested in adding oncoplastic breast conserving therapies to their skill sets are encouraged to implement these surgical techniques where applicable and to seek out breast fellowships or enhanced training when appropriate.
Decreased Insulin-Stimulated ATP Synthesis and Phosphate Transport in Muscle of Insulin-Resistant Offspring of Type 2 Diabetic Parents

Background Insulin resistance is the best predictor for the development of type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have shown that young, lean, insulin-resistant (IR) offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes have reduced basal rates of muscle mitochondrial phosphorylation activity associated with increased intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content, which in turn blocks insulin signaling and insulin action in muscle. In order to further characterize mitochondrial activity in these individuals, we examined insulin-stimulated rates of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and phosphate transport in skeletal muscle in a similar cohort of participants. Methods and Findings Rates of insulin-stimulated muscle mitochondrial ATP synthase flux and insulin-stimulated increases in concentrations of intramyocellular inorganic phosphate (Pi) were assessed by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in healthy, lean, IR offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes and healthy, lean control participants with normal insulin sensitivity. IMCL content in the soleus muscle of all participants was assessed by 1H MRS. During a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, rates of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake were decreased by approximately 50% in the IR offspring compared to the control participants (p = 0.007 versus controls) and were associated with an approximately 2-fold increase in IMCL content (p < 0.006 versus controls). In the control participants rates of ATP synthesis increased by approximately 90% during the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. In contrast, insulin-stimulated rates of muscle mitochondrial ATP synthesis increased by only 5% in the IR offspring (p = 0.001 versus controls) and was associated with a severe reduction of insulin-stimulated increases in the intramyocellular Pi concentrations (IR offspring: 4.7% ± 1.9% versus controls: 19.3% ± 5.7%; p = 0.03). Insulin-induced increases in intramyocellular Pi concentrations correlated well with insulin-stimulated increases in rates of ATP synthesis (r = 0.67; p = 0.008). Conclusions These data demonstrate that insulin-stimulated rates of mitochondrial ATP synthesis are reduced in IR offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, these IR offspring also have impaired insulin-stimulated phosphate transport in muscle, which may contribute to their defects in insulin-stimulated rates of mitochondrial ATP synthesis.
A Redundant Unit to Form T-Type Three-Level Inverters Tolerant of IGBT Open-Circuit Faults in Multiple Legs

T-type multilevel (T2ML) inverters feature low total harmonic distortion and high efficiency. Reliability improvement is particularly important for T2ML inverters because they have high power device count. Methods that provide T2ML inverters with the ability to tolerate simultaneous failures of multiple switches in several legs have not been addressed in the existing literature. This paper proposes a redundant unit that can be shared across phases in a T-type three-level inverter topology to manage open-circuit faults in multiple legs. The redundant unit includes two switches and six diodes, with the extra active switches connected by diodes to each middle switch of the base inverter. Under fault conditions, a standby parallel leg consisting of middle switches and the added redundant devices can be formed in each phase of the inverter to provide an extra current path connecting the dc bus and loads. The middle switches can share the redundant unit simultaneously to replace faulted half-bridge switches. By these means, open-circuit faults in multiple legs can be tolerated simultaneously and the rated output capacity can be maintained during faulted operation. Experimental tests are given to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of this proposed fault-tolerant method.
Assamese Intonation Modeling for Speech Synthesis

The Intonation modeling has an important role of speech recognition and speech synthesis. Through this paper we have summarized the basic concepts of prosody, which deals with the outlines of prosody modeling approaches to the generation of prosodic information with the help of three different prosody models: Fujisaki, ToBI and Tilt. The main aim and significance of this research paper of Assamese prosody modeling and its implementation to Text-To-Speech systems are evaluated.
Research on finding sensitive files in peer-to-peer networks

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks are becoming more and more popular. eMule is a typical example. In this paper we aim to automatically and accurately find sensitive files in eMule through rating them based on text classification and we propose two feature expansion methods to improve the accuracy of rating. Experimental results demonstrate that the performance improvement of rating is significant by using feature expansion methods.
Applications of layer-by-layer polymer stereolithography for three-dimensional high-frequency components

A laser-based layer-by-layer additive process, stereolithography, is used to create truly three-dimensional (3-D) structures for high-frequency applications. High aspect-ratio complicated 3-D structures embedded inside of a layer-by-layer package are created by this process. Previously, Q's greater than 3000 and tolerances of /spl sim/0.19% have been achieved for embedded resonators. In this paper, more applications are demonstrated. Particular examples include the integration of a nonplanar monopole antenna coupled to a high-Q embedded cavity with only 0.26% shift in resonant frequency (19.37 GHz) and a slight 0.06% reduction in bandwidth compared to simulation. Stacked cavities and coupling sections within a substrate are also demonstrated to create vertically integrated filters. For 2% bandwidth two-pole filters, insertion losses as small as 0.27 dB are measured. Furthermore, a vertically integrated 1.2% four-pole filter is demonstrated with acceptable performance without tuning after fabrication. These applications illustrate that the laser-based stereolithography process is suitable for the integration of high-frequency and high-Q 3-D structures within a package.
Topic-focused Dynamic Information Filtering in Social Media

With the quick development of online social media such as twitter or sina weibo in china, many users usually track hot topics to satisfy their desired information need. For a hot topic, new opinions or ideas will be continuously produced in the form of online data stream. In this scenario, how to effectively filter and display information for a certain topic dynamically, will be a critical problem. We call the problem as Topic-focused Dynamic Information Filtering (denoted as TDIF for short) in social media. In this paper, we start open discussions on such application problems. We first analyze the properties of the TDIF problem, which usually contains several typical requirements: relevance, diversity, recency and confidence. Recency means that users want to follow the recent opinions or news. Additionally, the confidence of information must be taken into consideration. How to balance these factors properly in online data stream is very important and challenging. We propose a dynamic preservation strategy on the basis of an existing feature-based utility function, to solve the TDIF problem. Additionally, we propose new dynamic diversity measures, to get a more reasonable evaluation for such application problems. Extensive exploratory experiments have been conducted on TREC public twitter dataset, and the experimental results validate the effectiveness of our approach.
Ethnic Variation in Adiponectin and Leptin Levels and Their Association With Adiposity and Insulin Resistance

OBJECTIVE To investigate ethnic differences in adiponectin and leptin concentration and to determine whether these adipokines and a high–glycemic index diet account for ethnic variation in insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 1,176 South Asian, Chinese, Aboriginal, and European Canadians, fasting blood samples were drawn, and clinical history and dietary habits including glycemic index/glycemic load were recorded using standardized questionnaires. Insulin resistance was defined using homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Adiponectin concentrations were significantly higher in Europeans (adjusted mean 12.94 [95% CI 2.27–13.64]) and Aboriginal people (11.87 [11.19–12.59]) than in South Asians (9.35 [8.82–9.92]) and Chinese (8.52 [8.03–9.03]) (overall P < 0.001). Serum leptin was significantly higher in South Asians (11.82 [10.72–13.04]) and Aboriginal people (11.13 [10.13–12.23]) than in Europeans (9.21 [8.38–10.12]) and Chinese (8.25 [7.48–9.10]). BMI and waist circumference were inversely associated with adiponectin in every group except the South Asians (P < 0.001 for interaction). Adiponectin was inversely and leptin was positively associated with HOMA-IR (P < 0.001). The increase in HOMA-IR for each given decrease in adiponectin was larger among South Asians (P = 0.01) and Aboriginal people (P < 0.001) than among Europeans. A high glycemic index was associated with a larger decrease in adiponectin among South Asians (P = 0.03) and Aboriginal people (P < 0.001) and a larger increase in HOMA-IR among South Asians (P < 0.05) relative to that in other groups. CONCLUSIONS South Asians have the least favorable adipokine profile and, like the Aboriginal people, display a greater increase in insulin resistance with decreasing levels of adiponectin. Differences in adipokines and responses to glycemic foods parallel the ethnic differences in insulin resistance.
Algorithm 2 : Accelerated TDC Algorithm Input :

In this paper we study Temporal Difference (TD) Learning with linear value function approximation. The classic TD algorithm is known to be unstable with linear function approximation and off-policy learning. Recently developed Gradient TD (GTD) algorithms have addressed this problem successfully. Despite their prominent properties of good scalability and convergence to correct solutions, they inherit the potential weakness of slow convergence as they are a stochastic gradient descent algorithm. Accelerated stochastic gradient descent algorithms have been developed to speed up convergence, while still keeping computational complexity low. In this work, we develop an accelerated stochastic gradient descent method for minimizing the Mean Squared Projected Bellman Error (MSPBE), and derive a bound for the Lipschitz constant of the gradient of the MSPBE, which plays a critical role in our proposed accelerated GTD algorithms. Our comprehensive numerical experiments demonstrate promising performance in solving the policy evaluation problem, in comparison to the GTD algorithm family. In particular, accelerated TDC surpasses state-of-the-art algorithms.
External & Intrinsic Plagiarism Detection: VSM & Discourse Markers based Approach - Notebook for PAN at CLEF 2011

This paper aims to explain the performance of plagiarism detection system which can detect External as well as Intrinsic Plagia- rism in text. It reports the results on PAN-PC-2011 test corpus. We investigated Vector Space Model based techniques for detecting external plagiarism cases and discourse markers based features to detect intrinsic plagiarism cases.
Production, Characterization, and Uses of Monoclonal Antibodies against Recombinant Nucleoprotein of Elk Coronavirus

ABSTRACT This is the first report of the production of monoclonal antibodies against elk coronavirus. The nucleoprotein gene of elk coronavirus was amplified by PCR and was cloned and expressed in a prokaryotic expression vector. Recombinant nucleocapsid protein was used to immunize mice for the production of hybridomas. Twelve hybridomas that produced monoclonal antibodies against the nucleocapsid protein of elk coronavirus were selected by an indirect fluorescent-antibody test, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and a Western blot assay. Ten of the monoclonal antibodies were of the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) isotype, one was IgG2a, and one was IgM. All had kappa light chains. By immunohistochemistry four monoclonal antibodies detected bovine coronavirus and elk coronavirus in formalin-fixed intestinal tissues. Antinucleoprotein monoclonal antibodies were found to be better at ruminant coronavirus detection than the anti-spike protein monoclonal antibodies. Because nucleoprotein is a more abundant antigen than spike protein in infected cells, this was not an unexpected finding.
Modeling the Mediating Role of Online Social Capital in Social Support and Service IT Usage

Drawing on social capital theory and social cognitive theory, this study postulates self-efficacy as a key driver of online social support behavior. Besides, this study postulates that service IT usage is indirectly influenced by social support via the mediation of social capital. This study contributes to the online community literature by extending IT self-efficacy to the previously unexplored area of online social support, by validating idiosyncratic drivers of online social support and by performing an operationalization of online social capital. Last, the report provides the implications and limitations of the research.