Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The integration of computing and routine work

Most computing serves as a resource or tool to support other work: performing complex analyses for engineering projects, preparing documents, or sending electronic mail using office automation equipment, etc. To improve the character, quality, and ease of computing work, we must understand how automated systems actually are integrated into the work they support. How do people actually adapt to computing as a resource? How do they deal with the unreliability in hardware, software, or operations; data inaccuracy; system changes; poor documentation; inappropriate designs; etc.; which are present in almost every computing milieu, even where computing is widely used and considered highly successful? This paper presents some results of a detailed empirical study of routine computer use in several organizations. We present a theoretical account of computing work and use it to explain a number of observed phenomena, such as:How people knowingly use “false” data to obtain desired analytical results by tricking their systems. How organizations come to rely upon complex, critical computer systems despite significant, recurrent, known errors and inaccurate data. How people work around inadequate computing systems by using manual or duplicate systems, rather than changing their systems via maintenance or enhancement. In addition, the framework for analyzing computing and routine work presented here proves useful for representing and reasoning about activity in multiactor systems in general, and in understanding how better to integrate organizations of people and computers in which work is coordinated.
Nitrogen cycling in sheep

Introduction Many of the difficulties in predicting the response of ruminants to supplementation of low-protein diets with non-protein nitrogen (NPN) substances arise because there is a lack of information concerning the quantities of N that recycle between the tissues and the N pools in the digestive tract. Various aspects of N mctabolism in ruminants have been examined but usually the investigations have becn restricted to intensive examination of one component rather than to more comprehensive consideration of the over-all metabolism of N and in particular of urea and ammonia N in intact and feeding animals. Whole animal studies have relied on the use of isotope-tracer techniques and recently major advances have been made using 15N-labelled compounds. In this paper, aspects of N cycling between N pools in the digestive tract and urea in blood in ruminants are discussed in an attempt to define the role of endogenous urea in digestive processes.
Estrés y estrategias de coping o enfrentamiento en mujeres con cáncer de mama: un estudio transversal

Aim: Verify the occurrence of stressful situations and the use of methods to deal/cope with it by women diagnosed with breast cancer. Method: Transversal study, performed with 21 women, based on the instrument called Lipp's Inventory of Stress Symptoms in Adults (ISSL, in Portuguese) and the Scale on Ways to Deal with Problems (EMEP, in Portuguese). Results: The presence of stress was evidenced in 66.7% of the women. The religious practice was the most used coping strategy seen in the sample (52.4%), especially in the group which stress was observed. In the no-stress group, the focused coping technique was to focus on the problem (23.7%). Discussion: While dealing with the disease focusing on the problem, women seemed to not feel stressed. Conclusion: The situations of stress provoked by breast cancer require that the patients adapt and cope with it. As so far, nursing must act to mediate the most adaptive responses to the situation created by the illness. (AU) Objetivo: Ver La ocurrencia del estres y la utilizacion de estrategias de enfreafrontamiento/coping en mujeres con cancer de mama. Metodo: Estudio transversal, realizado con 21 mujeres, en el que se utilizo como instrumento el Inventario de Sintomas de estres para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL) y la Escala Modos de Enfrentar Problemas (EMEP). Resultados: La presencia de estres fue una evidencia en 66,7% de las mujeres. La busqueda por la practica religiosa fue la estrategia de enfrentamiento mas utilizada por la muestra general (52,4%), incluso en el grupo que presento estres. En el grupo sin estres, el enfretamiento centrado en el problema fue predominante (23,7%). Discusion: Al enfrentar la enfermedad centrandose en el problema, las mujeres parecieron tender a la no aparicion del estres. Conclusion: Las situaciones de estres provocadas por el cancer de mama requieren adaptacion y enfrentamiento de la mujer. En este punto, la enfermeria debe actuar en el sentido de mediar respuestas mas adaptativas a la situacion de la enfermedad. (AU) Objetivo: Verificar a ocorrencia de estresse e coping em mulheres com câncer de mama. Metodo: Estudo transversal, realizado com 21 mulheres, utilizou-se como instrumento o Inventario de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL) e a Escala Modos de Enfrentar Problemas (EMEP). Resultados: O estresse foi evidenciado em 66,7% das mulheres. A busca pela pratica religiosa foi a estrategia de coping mais utilizada (52,4%), inclusive no grupo que apresentou estresse. No grupo sem estresse, o coping focado no problema foi predominante (23,7%). Discussao: Ao enfrentarem a doenca focando no problema, as mulheres pareceram tender a nao ocorrencia de estresse. Conclusao: As situacoes de estresse provocadas pelo câncer de mama requerem adaptacao e enfrentamento da mulher, nesse ponto, a enfermagem deve atuar no sentido de mediar respostas mais adaptativas a situacao da doenca. (AU)
Risk Taking in Winner-Take-All Competition

We analyze a two-stage game between two heterogeneous players. At stage one, common risk is chosen by one of the players. At stage two, both players observe the given level of risk and simultaneously invest in a winner-take-all competition. The game is solved theoretically and then tested by using laboratory experiments. We find three effects that determine risk taking at stage one - an effort effect, a likelihood effect and a reversed likelihood effect. For the likelihood effect, risk taking and investments are clearly in line with theory. Pairwise comparison shows that the effort effect seems to be more relevant than the reversed likelihood effect when taking risk.
Transcriptome population genomics reveals severe bottleneck and domestication cost in the African rice (Oryza glaberrima)

The African cultivated rice (Oryza glaberrima) was domesticated in West Africa 3000 years ago. Although less cultivated than the Asian rice (O. sativa), O. glaberrima landraces often display interesting adaptation to rustic environment (e.g. drought). Here, using RNA‐seq technology, we were able to compare more than 12 000 transcripts between 9 O. glaberrima, 10 wild O. barthii and one O. meridionalis individuals. With a synonymous nucleotide diversity πs = 0.0006 per site, O. glaberrima appears as the least genetically diverse crop grass ever documented. Using approximate Bayesian computation, we estimated that O. glaberrima experienced a severe bottleneck during domestication. This demographic scenario almost fully accounts for the pattern of genetic diversity across O. glaberrima genome as we detected very few outliers regions where positive selection may have further impacted genetic diversity. Moreover, the large excess of derived nonsynonymous substitution that we detected suggests that the O. glaberrima population suffered from the ‘cost of domestication’. In addition, we used this genome‐scale data set to demonstrate that (i) O. barthii genetic diversity is positively correlated with recombination rate and negatively with gene density, (ii) expression level is negatively correlated with evolutionary constraint, and (iii) one region on chromosome 5 (position 4–6 Mb) exhibits a clear signature of introgression with a yet unidentified Oryza species. This work represents the first genome‐wide survey of the African rice genetic diversity and paves the way for further comparison between the African and the Asian rice, notably regarding the genetics underlying domestication traits.
Crystal Structure of the Cysteine Desulfurase DndA from Streptomyces lividans Which Is Involved in DNA Phosphorothioation

DNA phosphorothioation is widespread among prokaryotes, and might function to restrict gene transfer among different kinds of bacteria. There has been little investigation into the structural mechanism of the DNA phosphorothioation process. DndA is a cysteine desulfurase which is involved in the first step of DNA phosphorothioation. In this study, we determined the crystal structure of Streptomyces lividans DndA in complex with its covalently bound cofactor PLP, to a resolution of 2.4 Å. Our structure reveals the molecular mechanism that DndA employs to recognize its cofactor PLP, and suggests the potential binding site for the substrate L-cysteine on DndA. In contrast to previously determined structures of cysteine desulfurases, the catalytic cysteine of DndA was found to reside on a β strand. This catalytic cysteine is very far away from the presumable location of the substrate, suggesting that a conformational change of DndA is required during the catalysis process to bring the catalytic cysteine close to the substrate cysteine. Moreover, our in vitro enzymatic assay results suggested that this conformational change is unlikely to be a simple result of random thermal motion, since moving the catalytic cysteine two residues forward or backward in the primary sequence completely disabled the cysteine desulfurase activity of DndA.
Five minute recordings of heart rate variability for population studies: repeatability and age–sex characteristics

Objective To evaluate the stability of short recordings of heart rate variability (HRV) with time, and the association of HRV with age and sex. Design Five minute Holter recordings were made twice over a two month interval (tracking study). In addition, HRV was measured in a cross sectional study. Setting Residents of 11 Israeli kibbutzim were examined in their settlements. Subjects 32 men and 38 women (aged 31–67) participated in the tracking study and 294 (aged 35–65) were involved in the cross sectional study. Main outcome measures Time and frequency domain analyses on Holter recordings were undertaken in two breathing conditions: spontaneous and controlled breathing (15 respirations per minute). Regression was used to assess the relations of sex, age, heart rate, and logarithmically transformed HRV indices. Results HRV measures were highly consistent with time with correlations of 0.76–0.80 for high frequency and total power. Geometric mean total power declined with age by 45% in men and 32% in women, and was lower by 24% among women than among men (all p ⩽ 0.005). Men had a 34% higher very low and low frequency power and a higher ratio of low to high frequency power (p < 0.001). Conversely, high frequency power in women represents a greater proportion of total power than in men. Conclusion Short recordings of HRV in a non-laboratory setting are stable over months and therefore characteristic of an individual. Strong age and sex effects were evident. HRV derived from short recordings can be informative in population based studies.
A teoria da perspectiva e as mudanças de preferência no mainstream: um prospecto lakatoseano [Prospect theory and preference change in the mainstream of economics: a Lakatosian prospect]

For many decades over the 20th Century, the mainstream of economics adopted a normative and axiomatic theory of individual behavior in which maximizing procedures were carried out by rationally unbounded agents. This status has been challenged on many grounds and alternative views from fields like psychology have found a way into the core of economics research frontier. Prospect theory, developed by psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky since the 1970s, has provided a more empirical, inductive and descriptive theory of decision making. It has made significant inroads into mainstream microeconomics, shaking the habits of some of its practitioners. This paper first takes stock of its main developments and then uses a Lakatosian framework to draw out its negative and positive heuristics. In what follows, its heuristics are compared to those of traditional rational decision-making theories. The differences between them are highlighted, pointing to changes in the mainstream of the profession and to new opportunities for research.
Anti‐interleukin‐1 reactive cells in Hodgkin's disease

Constitutional symptoms (or B‐symptoms) of Hodgkin's disease may be mediated by interleukin 1 (IL‐1), a product of macrophage‐histiocytes. To further study this relation, the authors examined the cells that reacted with anti‐human IL‐1 antibody in biopsy specimens from 140 untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease (72 asymptomatic patients and 68 with B‐symptoms). Fever was the most common symptom, present in 57 of the 68 patients. Anti‐IL‐1 reactive cells were observed in 62 cases. A positive staining reaction was observed in three types of cells: Reed‐Sternberg and related (R‐S) cells (33 cases); small to medium cells of undetermined origin (18); and granulocytes (11). The staining was negative in 78 cases, including 42 with B‐symptoms. The majority of tumors (27/33) with positively stained R‐S cells were from asymptomatic patients. Most tumors (14/18) with positively stained small to medium sized cells were from patients with B‐symptoms. Large numbers of granulocytes were positively stained in five asymptomatic patients and six with B‐symptoms. The immunohistochemical demonstration of IL‐1‐bearing cells in tumors does not correlate with the manifestation of constitutional symptoms in Hodgkin's disease.
Altered bone status in unilateral testicular cancer survivors: Role of CYP2R1 and its luteinizing hormone-dependency

Background: Recent data suggest a potential role of testis in vitamin D activation, where Leydig cells could represent key players in this process since they express the highest amount of CYP2R1, a key enzyme involved in vitamin D 25 hydroxylation. Aim: To evaluate bone status in unilateral orchiectomy and to assess in vivo and in vitro LH-dependency of Vitamin D 25 hydroxylation. Subjects and methods: 125 normotestosteronemic patients with testicular cancer (TC), featured by unilateral orchiectomy and 41 age-matched healthy male controls were studied in the Center for Human Reproduction Pathology at the University of Padova. To evaluate LH-dependency of Vitamin D 25 hydroxylation in vitro, Leydig cell cultures were stimulated with hCG and assessed for CYP2R1 expression, whereas in vivo 10 hypogonadotropic hypogonadal (HH) patients were evaluated before and after treatment with gonadotropins for bone metabolism markers. Hormonal pattern and bone metabolism markers were measured in all subjects, whereas 105 patients and 41 controls underwent bone densitometry by DEXA. Results: In TC patients 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were significantly lower compared to controls. Furthermore, 23.8% of patients with TC displayed low bone density (Z-score <−2 SD). None of the 41 control subjects showed any significant alteration of BMD. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that CYP2R1 expression in Leydig cells appeared to be hCG dependent. Conclusion: Our data show an association between TC and alteration of the bone status, despite unvaried androgen and estrogen levels, suggesting the evaluation of bone status and possible vitamin D deficiency in TC survivors.
The Effectiveness of Problem-Based Instruction: A Comparative Study of Instructional Methods and Student Characteristics.

Abstract This study compared the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) and traditional instructional approaches in developing high-school students’ macroeconomics knowledge and examined whether PBL was differentially effective with students demonstrating different levels of four aptitudes: verbal ability, interest in economics, preference for group work, and problem-solving efficacy. Over all, PBL was found to be a more effective instructional approach for teaching macroeconomics than traditional lecture–discussion (p = .05). Additional analyses provided evidence that PBL was more effective than traditional instruction with students of average verbal ability and below, students who were more interested in learning economics, and students who were most and least confident in their ability to solve problems. Recommended Citation Mergendoller, J. R. , Maxwell, N. L. , & Bellisimo, Y. (2006). The Effectiveness of Problem-Based Instruction: A Comparative Study of Instructional Methods and Student Characteristics. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 1(2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.7771/1541-5015.1026  Download
Temporal Planning using Subgoal Partitioning and Resolution in SGPlan

In this paper, we present the partitioning of mutual-exclusion (mutex) constraints in temporal planning problems and its implementation in the SGPlan4 planner. Based on the strong locality of mutex constraints observed in many benchmarks of the Fourth International Planning Competition (IPC4), we propose to partition the constraints of a planning problem into groups based on their subgoals. Constraint partitioning leads to significantly easier subproblems that are similar to the original problem and that can be efficiently solved by the same planner with some modifications to its objective function. We present a partition-and-resolve strategy that looks for locally optimal subplans in constraint-partitioned temporal planning subproblems and that resolves those inconsistent global constraints across the subproblems. We also discuss some implementation details of SGPlan4, which include the resolution of violated global constraints, techniques for handling producible resources, landmark analysis, path finding and optimization, search-space reduction, and modifications of Metric-FF when used as a basic planner in SGPlan4. Last, we show results on the sensitivity of each of these techniques in quality-time trade-offs and experimentally demonstrate that SGPlan4 is effective for solving the IPC3 and IPC4 benchmarks.
A combined TDA/FDA adaptive schema for stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation

In many applications, such as teleconferencing, multimedia workstations, tele-video gaming, etc., stereo sound is implemented to give spatial realism that mono-channels cannot offer. In hands-free stereophonic teleconferencing systems, the loudspeaker signals are highly correlated, leading to slow convergence rates for the gradient algorithms used. In this paper, we propose two different types of adaptation; one for each channel. Simulation results are presented to show that hybrid-type adaptations can be used in practical implementations to overcome the impact of large eigenvalue spreads, due to channel correlations, which result in increased speeds of convergence for the underlying adaptive algorithms.
Certification by Intervals of Timestamps in Distributed Database Systems

This paper introduces, as an optimistic concurrency control, a new certification method by means of intervals of timestamps, usable in a distributed database system. The main advantage of this method is that it allows a chronological validation order which differs from the serialization one (thus avoiding rejections or delays of transactions which occur in usual certification methods or in classical locking or timestamping ones). The use of the dependency graph permits both classifying this method among existing ones and proving it. 1. INl'RODUCTION Nunerous Concurrency Control Methods (CCMs) for Distributed Data Bases (DDBs) have been proposed so far [Bernstein 811 using either Two-Phase Locking (2PL) or Timestamp Ordering (TO). The main feature of these CCMs is that the serializability test is made for each action (Read or Prewrite) on an object of the base. For this reason, we call these CCMs continuous ones as opposed to certification (also called optimistic) ones, where the Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material iF granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commcrciot advantage, the VLDB copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by pe? mLrsion of the VW Large Data Base Endowment. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or special permission from the Endowment. Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Very Large Data Bases. serializability test is only made at the end of the transaction. Usually, continuous CCMs and certification ones are described in totally different ways. Our study offers a unifying view for this classification. Certification methods [Kunq 811, [Haerder 823, [Lausen 821 have been studied mostly for centralized systems. The few proposals adapted to distributed systems [Badal 791, [Schlageter 811, [Bhargava 821 are not convincing due to lack of formal proofs for their desired behavior. We answer that problem by proving a certification method in a distributed system. Serialization relies on the setting among transactions. principles are used control used in CCMs of a serialization order In continuous CCMs two to construct this order. In 2PL methods [Traiger 821, it is dynamically constructed and corresponds to the order into which transactions reach their maximum locking point. The well known drawback of these methods is useless waiting sometimes imposed to transactions and deadlocks which may occur. Deadlock prevention may be applied [Rosenkrantz 783 at the cost of increasing the number of rejections. In basic or multiversions TO CCMs, the order is "static" and relies upon the giving of a unique timestamp to any transaction, thus defining the serialization order. One study [Bayer 821 refines this technique by introducing the notion of a "dynamic" timestamp which avoids useless rejection of a transaction when its first conflict arises, in a very particular CCM. Control by certification allows a dynamic construction of the serialization Singapore, August, 1984