Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Nonlinear $\sigma$ Model in the Loop Expansion

The nonlinear sigma model in four dimensions is discussed in the context of the loop expansion. Since the model is perturbatively nonrenormalizable, divergences not of the form of the Lagrangian are of course expected; what is perhaps surprising is that there are divergences which appear not to be invariant under the original nonlinear symmetry. We demonstrate, however, that these apparently noninvariant terms do not contribute to on-mass-shell quantities and may be eliminated order by order by a field redefinition involving space-time derivatives. The linear sigma model is then examined in detail; it is shown how the nonlinear model, including the apparently noninvariant terms, emerges as the limit of the linear model as the sigma mass goes to infinity. Finally, we compare our approach with other treatments of the ''noninvariant'' terms in the nonlinear model.
DISTANCE AND PROPER MOTION MEASUREMENT OF THE RED SUPERGIANT, PZ CAS, IN VERY LONG BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY H2O MASER ASTROMETRY

We present the very long baseline interferometry H2O maser monitoring observations of the red supergiant, PZ Cas, at 12 epochs from 2006 April to 2008 May. We fitted maser motions to a simple model composed of a common annual parallax and linear motions of the individual masers. The maser motions with the parallax subtracted were well modeled by a combination of a common stellar proper motion and a radial expansion motion of the circumstellar envelope. We obtained an annual parallax of 0.356 ± 0.026 mas and a stellar proper motion of and mas yr−1 eastward and northward, respectively. The annual parallax corresponds to a trigonometric parallax of kpc. By rescaling the luminosity of PZ Cas in any previous studies using our trigonometric parallax, we estimated the location of PZ Cas on a Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and found that it approaches a theoretically evolutionary track around an initial mass of ∼25 M☉. The sky position and the distance to PZ Cas are consistent with the OB association, Cas OB5, which is located in a molecular gas super shell. The proper motion of PZ Cas is close to that of the OB stars and other red supergiants in Cas OB5 measured by the Hipparcos satellite. We derived the peculiar motion of PZ Cas of Us = 22.8 ± 1.5, Vs = 7.1 ± 4.4, and Ws = −5.7 ± 4.4 km s−1. This peculiar motion has rather a large Us component, unlike those of near high-mass star-forming regions with negatively large Vs motions. The uniform proper motions of the Cas OB5 member stars suggest random motions of giant molecular clouds moving into local potential minima in a time-dependent spiral arm, rather than a velocity field caused by the spiral arm density wave.
Statistical learning from Brazilian fake news

Fake news is information that does not represent reality but is commonly shared on the internet as if it were true, mainly because of its dramatic, appealing, and controversial content. Therefore, a relevant issue is to find characteristics that can assist in identifying Fake News, mainly nowadays, where an increasing number of fake news is spread all over the internet every day. This work aims to extract knowledge from Brazilian fake news data based on statistical learning. Initially, an exploratory data analysis is performed for the available variables to extract insights from the differences between fake and true news. Then, the prediction and modelling are carried out. The learning phase aims to build a model and measure the features that best explain the behaviour of misleading texts, which leads to a parsimonious model. Finally, the test phase estimates the fitted model accuracy based on 10‐fold cross‐validation in the Monte Carlo framework. The results show that four variables are significant to explain fake news. Moreover, our model achieved comparable results with state‐of‐the‐art, 0.941 F‐measure, for a single classifier while having the advantage of being a parsimonious model. This work's details and code can be found at https://github.com/limagbz/fake-news-ptBR.
The hidden giant: discovery of an enormous Galactic dwarf satellite in Gaia DR2

We report the discovery of a Milky Way satellite in the constellation of Antlia. The Antlia 2 dwarf galaxy is located behind the Galactic disc at a latitude of b ∼ 11° and spans 1.26°, which corresponds to ∼2.9 kpc at its distance of 130 kpc. While similar in spatial extent to the Large Magellanic Cloud, Antlia 2 is orders of magnitude fainter at MV = −9 mag, making it by far the lowest surface brightness system known (at ∼31.9 mag arcsec−2), ∼100 times more diffuse than the so-called ultra diffuse galaxies. The satellite was identified using a combination of astrometry, photometry, and variability data from Gaia Data Release 2, and its nature confirmed with deep archival DECam imaging, which revealed a conspicuous BHB signal. We have also obtained follow-up spectroscopy using AAOmega on the AAT, identifying 159 member stars, and we used them to measure the dwarf’s systemic velocity, 290.9 ± 0.5 km s−1, its velocity dispersion, 5.7 ± 1.1 km s−1, and mean metallicity, [Fe/H] = −1.4. From these properties we conclude that Antlia 2 inhabits one of the least dense dark matter (DM) haloes probed to date. Dynamical modelling and tidal-disruption simulations suggest that a combination of a cored DM profile and strong tidal stripping may explain the observed properties of this satellite. The origin of this core may be consistent with aggressive feedback, or may even require alternatives to cold dark matter (such as ultra-light bosons).
Accounting conservatism and information asymmetry

Value relevance literature provides a framework for linking accounting information to investment decision making. The relevance of any accounting information, therefore, lies in the fact that it assists in analysing firm’s current performance and value, as well as in predicting future financial performance. Management is saddled with the responsibility of preparing and presenting financial statements; and as such can withhold or distorts information to suit their objectives. This is the so-called information asymmetry. Conservatism in accounting is intended to provide guidance in the face of uncertainty and need for estimation. Therefore, it makes losses to be recognised more quickly than gains. However, the conceptual frameworks of IASB and FASB elevate the objective of neutrality above prudence and argue that conservatism can introduce bias into accounting numbers thereby increasing asymmetry among users. This paper is motivated largely by these concerns and addresses the information consequences of conservatism, whether it reduces information asymmetries between firm’s insiders and outside equity investors, and its usefulness to equity holders. Using library research approach, the weight of evidence obtained from a review of conceptual and empirical studies suggest that conservatism contributes to reducing information asymmetries and improves the information environment of the firm
High-resolution observations of the molecular gas in luminous infrared galaxies

I have performed a high-resolution imaging survey of the molecular gas in seven luminous infrared galaxies using the Owens Valley millimeter array. This work has produced 2"-resolution maps of the CO 1→0 emission. Further high-resolution data has been obtained for subsets of these galaxies in CO 2→1, HCN 1→0, HCO[superscript +] 1→0 and CS 1→0. The CO maps reveal a systematic variation in the morphology of the molecular gas with the interaction state of the system. The three mergers with a single IR/radio nucleus show very bright and compact CO cores that peak at the stellar nucleus. The two mergers with double IR/radio nuclei also possess bright CO cores, but these peak roughly midway between the nuclei and show an extent nearly equal to the nuclear separation. In these objects, the gas cores of the individual merging galaxies appear to be coalescing while the stellar nuclei still remain distinct. Based on dynamical arguments, the Galactic conversion factor from CO luminosity to molecular gas mass is overestimating the gas mass in Mrk 231 by at least a factor of 3.6 and in NGC 6240 by at least a factor of 1.5. Nonetheless, the molecular gas likely dominates the nuclear gravitational potential. The probable cause of the severe overestimate in Mrk 231 is the high brightness temperature of the CO 1→0 emission (T[subscript b] > 34 K). Starbursts remain a viable explanation for the powerful output of luminous infrared galaxies. Upper limits to the free-free mm-wave continuum are used to constrain a starburst model from the literature, with the result that starbursts can reasonably explain all the systems studied here except perhaps Mrk 231. In several cases, though, they are required to be older than several 10[superscript 7] yr. Furthermore, the extreme mid-IR optical depths implied by the CO surface brightnesses confirm a prediction of the compact starburst model of Condon et al. (1991). The trend of increasing L[subscript FIR]/L[subscript CO] ratio with increasing CO surface brightness is confirmed. The high concentrations of molecular gas thus appear intimately related to the high luminosities of these systems. The CO/HCN ratio varies by an order of magnitude even in this small sample of luminous mergers, suggesting that the gas properties are dramatically variable.
Recent Advances in the Hydrogel-Based Biomolecule Delivery System for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Many investigations have been conducted to explore new therapeutic approaches for cartilage tissue regeneration owing to the limited repair ability of cartilage. Delivery of therapeutic biomolecules is a promising strategy for enhancing tissue regeneration. However, the direct delivery of therapeutic biomolecules in vivo generally leads to a rapid loss of product or the possibility of spreading to nontarget sites, which may weaken their therapeutic effectiveness and impair the translation of these strategies into clinical practice. Recently, new tissue engineering strategies using controlled delivery systems have been considered to overcome these weaknesses by regulating the spatiotemporal distribution of the therapeutic biomolecules. Hydrogels are promising carriers for the development of biomolecule delivery systems because they are highly tunable and can be fabricated to encapsulate bioactive biomolecules and control their release. Moreover, their favorable biocompatibility and ability to integrate into host tissue may facilitate their use in tissue regeneration in a wide variety of situations. This review summarizes recent strategies for the design of hydrogels as biomolecule delivery systems for cartilage regeneration.
Early Cholecystectomy May Be Performed in Patients With Tokyo Guideline 2018 Grade III Acute Cholecystitis Who Have Risk Factors.

Objective: The preferred treatment for acute cholecystitis (AC) is early cholecystectomy (EC). There are several risk factors increasing the risk of mortality for EC in Tokyo Guideline 2018 (TG18) grade III AC; and therefore, percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) is recommended in these patients. However, the effect of these risk factors on mortality in patients having undergone EC have not been sufficiently investigated to date. Materials and Methods: In our clinic, 206 patients with AC were treated between 2015 and 2020. Thirty-one adult patients with TG18 grade III AC were included into the study. The patients were divided into two groups as EC group (n=11) and PC group (n=20). Comparisons were made between EC and PC, and the effects of risk factors on mortality were examined. Results: All patients had a score of ≥III according to American Anesthesiologists Association (ASA). The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was ≥4 in 72.4% of the patients, and 32.4% of patients had negative predictive factors (NPF: neurological and respiratory dysfunction, and a total bilirubin value of ≥2 mg/dL on admission). Mortality was seen in 12 patients. Compared to patients with PC, higher definitive treatment (p˂0.001), less re-admission (p˂0.001) and less mortality (p=0.01) were seen in patients with EC. Major complications (Clavien-Dindo classification >II) and length of hospital stay were similar in both groups (p=0.60, p=0.39; respectively). Conclusion: This study showed that EC could be performed in patients with TG18 grade III AC who have risk factors. TG18 guidelines should be re-evaluated for risk factors for EC.
A Survey for Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in the η Chamaeleontis and ϵ Chamaeleontis Young Associations

I present the results of a search for new low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the η Cha and ϵ Cha young associations. Within radii of 1. °5 and 0. °5 surrounding η Cha and ϵ Cha, respectively, I have constructed color-magnitude diagrams from Deep Near Infrared Survey (DENIS) and Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) photometry and have obtained spectra of the candidate low-mass members therein. The five candidates in η Cha are classified as four field M dwarfs and one carbon star. No new members are found in this survey, which is complete for M/M☉ = 0.015-0.15, according to the evolutionary models of Chabrier and Baraffe. Thus, an extended population of low-mass members is not present in η Cha out to 4 times the radius of the known membership. Meanwhile, the three candidate members of ϵ Cha are classified as young stars, and thus likely members of the association, based on Li absorption and gravity-sensitive absorption lines. These new sources have spectral types of M2.25, M3.75, and M5.75, corresponding to masses of 0.45, 0.25, and 0.09 M☉ by the models of Chabrier and Baraffe. For one of these stars, intense Hα emission, forbidden line emission, and strong K-band excess emission suggest the presence of accretion, an outflow, and a disk, respectively. This young star is also much fainter than expected for an association member at its spectral type, which could indicate that it is seen in scattered light. No brown dwarfs are detected in ϵ Cha down to the completeness limit of 0.015 M☉. The absence of brown dwarfs in these associations is statistically consistent with the mass functions measured in star-forming regions, which exhibit only ~2 and ~1 brown dwarfs for stellar samples at the sizes of the η Cha and ϵ Cha associations.
A three tier model to promote the institutional adoption of learning analytics

Many institutions are making significant investments to build their learning analytics capability. However, creating a successful platform for large scale adoption of learning analytics (LA) is not simple. In this case study we describe the adoption of a three tier model designed for cross institutional engagement and implementation of LA at a medium sized tertiary education institution. We outline the actions taken at the three differentiated but interconnected levels of governance, projects and community. We analyse the results from activity in each of these three areas and, mark out a set of recommendations for future action that we anticipate will continue to drive and gain value from LA deployment across the institution.
Inductive reasoning: Experimental, developmental and computational approaches

Preface Aidan Feeney and Evan Heit 1. What is induction and why study it? Evan Heit 2. The development of inductive reasoning Brett K. Hayes 3. Interpreting asymmetries of projection in children's inductive reasoning Douglas Medin and Sandra Waxman 4. Property generalization as causal reasoning Bob Rehder 5. Availability in category-based induction Patrick Shafto, John Coley and Anna Vitkin 6. From similarity to chance Sergey Blok, Daniel Osherson and Douglas Medin 7. Theory-based Bayesian models of inductive reasoning Joshua Tenenbaum, Charles Spence and Patrick Shafto 8. Use of single or multiple categories in category-based induction Gregory Murphy and Brian Ross 9. Abductive inference: From philosophical analysis to neutral mechanisms Paul Thagard 10. Mathematical induction and induction in mathematics Lance Rips and Jennifer Asmuth 11. Induction, deduction, and argument strength in human reasoning and argumentation Mike Oaksford and Ulrike Hahn 12. Individual differences, dual processes, and induction Aidan Feeney 13. Taxonomising induction Steve Sloman.
Effect of polycarbonate and agricultural film on production and biochemical compounds of tomato fruits

Tomato production has been enhanced significantly by management using intervention of temperature and radiation control in a protected environment. The use of plastic and/or polycarbonate covers changes the dynamics of production in tropical climate regions. The present study aimed to compare the following covered cultivation conditions: 1) polycarbonate plate (10 mm) box-shaped polycarbonate with a twin wall with anti UV-A and B (P), 2) agricultural film (AF) anti UV-A and UV-B, and 3) open field (OF) on the productivity and quality of Italian hybrid tomatoes. The study was carried out at Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril located in Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Four tomato hybrids and 03 distinct environments were used in a randomized block design in a subplot setup with five replications. The main factor was hybrid traits, and the subplots were environments with different covers. The highest productivity occurred in the P environment, with the hybrids Fascinio and Vedette with 66.64 and 55.84 t ha-1, respectively. The highest plant yield obtained was in the P environment, with an average of 3.15 kg per plant. Among the evaluated hybrids, the highest antioxidant potential was observed in Shanty, and for the content of carotenoids, lycopene, and vitamin C, no significant difference was observed between the evaluated hybrids. We can conclude that the use of polycarbonate plates box shaped with a twinwall or agricultural film in a protected tomato cultivation system under high temperature conditions increases the yield and qualitative potential of the Fascinio and Vedette hybrids.
Tests of CPT Invariance at Neutrino Factories

We investigate possible tests of CPT invariance on the level of event rates at neutrino factories. We do not assume any specific model but phenomenological differences in the neutrino-antineutrino masses and mixing angles in a Lorentz invariance preserving context, such as could be induced by physics beyond the standard model. We especially focus on the muon neutrino and antineutrino disappearance channels in order to obtain constraints on the neutrino-antineutrino mass and mixing angle differences; we found, for example, that the sensitivity \m(3)-(m) over bar (3)\less than or similar to1.9x10(-4) eV could be achieved.
Two-photon lasing by a single quantum dot in a high- Q microcavity

We investigate theoretically two-photon processes in a microcavity containing one quantum dot in the strong-coupling regime. The cavity mode can be tuned to resonantly drive the two-photon transition between the ground and the biexciton states while the exciton states are far-off resonance due to the biexciton binding energy. We study the steady state of the quantum dot and cavity field in presence of a continuous incoherent pumping. We identify the regime where the system acts as two-photon emitter and discuss the feasibility and performance of realistic single quantum-dot devices for two-photon lasing.
Rapid Equilibrium Reconstruction on W7-AS Using Function Parametrization

Equilibrium reconstruction on W7-AS is normally only possible via a lengthy iterative procedure. Using initial estimates derived from the experiment, the pressure and current density profiles are varied in numerical calculations of the free-boundary equilibrium until consistency with available experimental data is reached. This is extremely time consuming, however, since solving 3-D MHD equilibria is a computationally intensive task requiring CPU times of roughly 1 hour on a Cray J-90 using the NEMEC [1] code for standard W7-AS conditions. Due to these constraints, reconstructions are generally limited to specific time-points of certain discharges.
The Relationship between Lifetime Exposure to Potentially Traumatic Events, Peritraumatic Dissociation, and PTSD in a Sample of Sexually Assaulted Women in Sao Paulo, Brazil

ABSTRACT Sexually assaulted women represent a particularly high-risk group for developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and peritraumatic dissociation (PD) are known risk factors for PTSD. However, little is known about how previous trauma affects PD and how this relationship affects PTSD. We aimed to investigate whether PD acts as a mediator between PTEs and PTSD severity in a sample of recently sexually assaulted women in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seventy-four sexually assaulted women aged 18–44 completed questionnaires and structured interviews on PTSD, PD, and PTEs. We examined direct and indirect effects of variables using causal mediation analysis. Lifetime exposure to PTEs was a risk factor for PD, but PD was not a risk factor for PTSD symptom severity. Also, PD was not a mediator between PTEs and PTSD severity. We provided recommendations on how to further explore the relationship between lifetime traumatic exposure, PTSD, and peritraumatic dissociation.
Nonlinear behavior and mode coupling in spin transfer nano-oscillators

By investigating thoroughly the tunable behavior of coupled modes, we highlight how it provides new means to handle the properties of spin transfer nano-oscillators. We first demonstrate that the main features of the microwave signal associated with coupled vortex dynamics i.e. frequency, spectral coherence, critical current, mode localization, depends drastically on the relative vortex core polarities. Secondly we report a large reduction of the nonlinear linewidth broadening obtained by changing the effective damping through the control of the core configuration. Such a level of control on the nonlinear behavior reinforces our choice to exploit the microwave properties of collective modes for applications of spintronic devices in novel generation of integrated telecommunication devices.
Light-field spatial super-resolution via enhanced spatial-angular separable convolutional network

Abstract. Light-field images captured by light-field cameras usually suffer from low spatial resolution due to the inherent limited sensor resolution. Light-field spatial super-resolution thus becomes increasingly desirable for subsequent applications. Although continuous progress has been achieved, the existing methods still failed to thoroughly explore the coherence among light-field views. To address this issue, we propose an efficient neural network for light-field spatial super-resolution, in which the spatial and angular information can be fully exploited by repeatedly alternating spatial and angular domain. Specifically, an enhanced spatial-angular separable convolution block is proposed to efficiently exploit the correlation information between sub-aperture images. Moreover, a multi-scale feature extraction block is introduced to extract feature representations at different scales and capture rich texture and semantic information. Experimental results on both synthetic and real-world light-field datasets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods with higher peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR)/structural similarity (SSIM) values and fewer parameters.