Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Room Temperature Deposition of SiNx and Plasma Polymer Layers for Flexible Multilayer Barrier Films by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Processes

In this work, silicon nitride (SiNx) films were deposited on plastic substrates at room temperature close to 30[Formula: see text]C on polyethylenenaphthalate (PEN) films in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactor with trisilylamine (TSA, N(SiH[Formula: see text]) precursor and ammonia for flexible moisture barrier films. Moisture barrier property is improved as SiNx layer gets thicker, but cracks are found at thicker films above 300[Formula: see text]nm or more. And the barrier performance of the thicker layers is degraded significantly. In order to improve both flexibility and barrier property, plasma polymer (PP) layers were deposited at room temperature and introduced between the SiNx layers. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of a single SiNx film, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/(m[Formula: see text]), is reduced to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/(m[Formula: see text]) with SiNx/PP/SiNx/PP/SiNx alternating five-layer structure. After 1000 times bending in 1.5[Formula: see text]cm of bending radius, the WVTR increases by 41% with five-layer structure, while that of single-layer structure increases by 69%. This work demonstrated that the SiNx and PP layers can be deposited at room temperature for flexible moisture barrier films.
ImageMiner: a software system for comparative analysis of tissue microarrays using content-based image retrieval, high-performance computing, and grid technology

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The design and implementation of ImageMiner, a software platform for performing comparative analysis of expression patterns in imaged microscopy specimens such as tissue microarrays (TMAs), is described. ImageMiner is a federated system of services that provides a reliable set of analytical and data management capabilities for investigative research applications in pathology. It provides a library of image processing methods, including automated registration, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification, all of which have been tailored, in these studies, to support TMA analysis. The system is designed to leverage high-performance computing machines so that investigators can rapidly analyze large ensembles of imaged TMA specimens. To support deployment in collaborative, multi-institutional projects, ImageMiner features grid-enabled, service-based components so that multiple instances of ImageMiner can be accessed remotely and federated. RESULTS The experimental evaluation shows that: (1) ImageMiner is able to support reliable detection and feature extraction of tumor regions within imaged tissues; (2) images and analysis results managed in ImageMiner can be searched for and retrieved on the basis of image-based features, classification information, and any correlated clinical data, including any metadata that have been generated to describe the specified tissue and TMA; and (3) the system is able to reduce computation time of analyses by exploiting computing clusters, which facilitates analysis of larger sets of tissue samples.
Software Reliability Growth Models with Log-logistic Testing-Effort Function: A Comparative Study

Software reliability growth model is one of the basic techniques to assess software reliability quantitatively and it provides the essential information for software development activities. In this paper we compare the predictive capability of popular software reliability growth models (SRGM), such as exponential growth, delayed S-shaped growth and inflection S-shaped growth models. We first review the loglogistic testing-effort function and also discuss exponential type and S-shaped types SRGM with log-logistic testingeffort. We analyze the real data applications and compare the predictive capability of these SRGM. The experimental results reveal that inflection S-shaped type SRGM has better prediction capability as compare to exponential type SRGM.
Dynamic strain measurement of identical weak FBG array based on active mode locking laser cavity

We demonstrate herein a novel interrogation system for an identical weak fiber Bragg grating (FBG) array based on an active mode locking laser cavity. The system can successfully and efficiently interrogate over 17 identical FBGs by detecting their mode-locked frequencies. The results confirm the large capacity (>17 identical FBGs), high interrogation speed (>5 kHz), high signal-to-noise ratio (>25 dB), and high linearity (R = 0.9998) of the proposed interrogator configuration. OCIS codes: (280.3420) Laser sensor; (280.4788) Optical sensing and sensor; (060.3735) fiber Bragg gratings
Assessment of Nutritional and Depression Status in Free-Living El-derly in Tabriz, Northwest Iran.

BACKGROUND Malnutrition and depression are the common health problems in elderly population. Poor nutrition might have a strong effect on the incidence of depression. The aims of this study were to assess the nutritional and depression status and the possibly relationship between these variables in the urban free-liv-ing elderly in Tabriz, northwestern Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out on 184 elderly people (male=97; female=87) with age 60 years or elder in 2012. All subjects entered to the study voluntarily from those attending to daily care centers for elderly peo-ple. Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool and Geriatric Depression Score (GDS) were used to evaluate nutritional status and depression scores, respec-tively. Con-tinuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and qualita-tive data were presented as frequency (percent). Spearman's correla-tion was em-ployed to determine the relationship between variables. RESULTS Up to 50% of subjects had poor nutrition status. About 14% of elderly people had serve depression and 28.3% had mild depression. There was a posi-tive significant correlation between MNA and GDS tests in both gender (r=0.416; P<0.001). CONCLUSION There was no acceptable level of nutritional status and mental health in the elderly people. Further studies are needed to evaluate the other factors that can effect on the quality of life in this population.
Temporal Structure and Complexity Affect Audio-Visual Correspondence Detection

Synchrony between events in different senses has long been considered the critical temporal cue for multisensory integration. Here, using rapid streams of auditory and visual events, we demonstrate how humans can use temporal structure (rather than mere temporal coincidence) to detect multisensory relatedness. We find psychophysically that participants can detect matching auditory and visual streams via shared temporal structure for crossmodal lags of up to 200 ms. Performance on this task reproduced features of past findings based on explicit timing judgments but did not show any special advantage for perfectly synchronous streams. Importantly, the complexity of temporal patterns influences sensitivity to correspondence. Stochastic, irregular streams – with richer temporal pattern information – led to higher audio-visual matching sensitivity than predictable, rhythmic streams. Our results reveal that temporal structure and its complexity are key determinants for human detection of audio-visual correspondence. The distinctive emphasis of our new paradigms on temporal patterning could be useful for studying special populations with suspected abnormalities in audio-visual temporal perception and multisensory integration.
Commentary: G-Computation–Lost in Translation?

In this issue of the Journal , Snowden et al. ( Am J Epidemiol . 2011;173(7):731–738) give a didactic explanation of G-computation as an approach for estimating the causal effect of a point exposure. The authors of the present commentary reinforce the idea that their use of G-computation is equivalent to a particular form of model-based standardization, whereby reference is made to the observed study population, a technique that epidemiologists have been applying for several decades. They comment on the use of standardized versus conditional effect measures and on the relative predominance of the inverse probability-of-treatment weighting approach as opposed to G-computation. They further propose a compromise approach, doubly robust standardization, that combines the beneﬁts of both of these causal inference techniques and is not more difﬁcult to implement.
Electrophysiological characterization of human rectal afferents

This study confirms the existence of extrinsic nerves supplying the human rectum for the first time and demonstrates differences in the sensory innervation between the rectum and colon with rectal afferents being more mechanically and chemically sensitive than colonic afferents. As sensitization of gut afferent pathways appears important in the development of chronic pain in patients with functional bowel disorders, this in vitro model will allow evaluation of potential therapeutic agents on human visceral afferents.
WIPPER: an accurate and efficient field phenotyping platform for large-scale applications

More accurate, rapid, and easy phenotyping tools are required to match the recent advances in high-throughput genotyping for accelerating breeding and genetic analysis. The conventional data recording in field notebooks and then inputting data to computers for further analysis is inefficient, time-consuming, laborious, and prone to human error. Here, we report WIPPER (for Wireless Plant Phenotyper), a new phenotyping platform that combines field phenotyping and data recording with the aid of Bluetooth communication, thus saving time and labor not only for field data recoding but also for inputting data to computers. Additionally, it eliminates the risk of human error associated with phenotyping and inputting data. We applied WIPPER to 100 individuals of a rice recombinant inbred line (RIL) for measuring leaf width and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value), and were able to record an accurate data in a significantly reduced time compared with the conventional method of data collection. We are currently using WIPPER for routine management of rice germplasm including recording and documenting information on phenotypic data, seeds, and DNA for their accelerated utilization in crop breeding.
Free Range Hens Use the Range More When the Outdoor Environment Is Enriched

To evaluate the role of using forage, shade and shelterbelts in attracting birds into the range, three trials were undertaken with free range layers both on a research facility and on commercial farms. Each of the trials on the free range research facility in South Australia used a total of 120 laying hens (Hyline Brown). Birds were housed in an eco-shelter which had 6 internal pens of equal size with a free range area adjoining the shelter. The on-farm trials were undertaken on commercial free range layer farms in the Darling Downs in Southeast Queensland with bird numbers on farms ranging from 2,000–6,800 hens. The first research trial examined the role of shaded areas in the range; the second trial examined the role of forage and the third trial examined the influence of shelterbelts in the range. These treatments were compared to a free range area with no enrichment. Aggressive feather pecking was only observed on a few occasions in all of the trials due to the low bird numbers housed. Enriching the free range environment attracted more birds into the range. Shaded areas were used by 18% of the hens with a tendency (p = 0.07) for more hens to be in the paddock. When forage was provided in paddocks more control birds (55%) were observed in the range in morning than in the afternoon (30%) while for the forage treatments 45% of the birds were in the range both during the morning and afternoon. When shelterbelts were provided there was a significantly (p<0.05) higher % of birds in the range (43% vs. 24%) and greater numbers of birds were observed in areas further away from the poultry house. The results from the on-farm trials mirrored the research trials. Overall 3 times more hens used the shaded areas than the non shaded areas, with slightly more using the shade in the morning than in the afternoon. As the environmental temperature increased the number of birds using the outdoor shade also increased. Overall 17 times more hens used the shelterbelt areas than the control areas, with slightly more using the shelterbelts in the afternoon than in the morning. Approximately 17 times more birds used the forage areas compared to the control area in the corresponding range. There were 8 times more birds using a hay bale enriched area compared to the area with no hay bales. The use of forage sources (including hay bales) were the most successful method on-farm to attract birds into the range followed by shelterbelts and artificial shade. Free range egg farmers are encouraged to provide pasture, shaded areas and shelterbelts to attract birds into the free range.
Reversed Crystal Growth

In the last decade, a reversed growth route has been found in many crystal growth processes. In these systems, a single crystal does not develop from a single nucleus. The precursor molecules/ions or nanocrystallites aggregate into some large amorphous or polycrystalline particles. Multiple-nucleation on the surface of the amorphous particles or surface re-crystallization of the polycrystalline particles then takes place, forming a single crystal shell with a regular morphology. Finally, the crystallization extends from the surface to the core to form single crystals. This non-classical crystal growth route often results in some special morphologies, such as core-shell structures, hollow single crystals, sandwich structures, etc. This article gives a brief review of the research into reversed crystal growth and demonstrates that investigation of detailed mechanisms of crystal growth enables us to better understand the formation of many novel morphologies of the crystals. Some unsolved problems are also discussed.
Anisotropic coatings for normal incidence applications

In present work, oblique angle deposition technique was employed to form nano-structured anisotropic layers evaporating amorphous materials. The combination of birefringent nano-structured and isotropic layers allows to form highly transparent (T ~ 99 %) wave-plates. Furthermore, such combination can be used to form two spectrally separated Bragg reflection zones for perpendicular polarizations. This feature allows to form polarizers for zero angle applications. Both elements can be manufactured using only one material by changing only its structural morphology what leads to superior LIDT value. In this work, the possibility to evaporate waveplates and polarizers for zero angle applications was shown.
ASYMPTOTIC PRESERVING (AP) SCHEMES FOR MULTISCALE KINETIC AND HYPERBOLIC EQUATIONS: A REVIEW

Kinetic and hyperbolic equations contain small scales (mean free path/time, Debye length, relaxation or reaction time, etc.) that lead to various different asymptotic regimes, in which the classical numerical approximations become prohibitively expensive. Asymptotic-preserving (AP) schemes are schemes that are efficient in these asymptotic regimes. The designing principle of AP schemes are to preserve, at the discrete level, the asymptotic limit that drives one (usually the microscopic) equation to its asymptotic (macroscopic) equation. An AP scheme is based on solving the microscopic equation, instead of using a multiphysics approach that couples different physical laws at different scales. When the small scale is not numerically resolved, an AP scheme automatically becomes a macroscopic solver for the limiting equation. The AP methodology offers simple, robust and efficient computational methods for a large class of multiscale kinetic, hyperbolic and other physical problems. This paper reviews the basic concept, designing principle and some representative AP schemes.
Magnetic resonance investigations in Brugada syndrome reveal unexpectedly high rate of structural abnormalities.

AIMS Recent data suggest that sub-clinical structural abnormalities may be part of the Brugada syndrome (BrS) phenotype, a disease traditionally thought to occur in the structurally normal heart. In this study, we carried out detailed assessment of cardiac morphology and function using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI). METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty consecutive patients with BrS were compared with 30 sex- (26/4 male/female), body surface area- (+/-0.2 m(2)), and age-matched (+/-5 years) normal volunteers. CMRI exam included long- and short-axis ECG-gated breath-hold morphological T1-TSE sequences for fatty infiltration and cine-SSFP sequences for kinetic assessment. Fatty infiltration was not found in any subject. Patients with BrS compared with normal subjects showed higher incidence of mild right ventricle (RV) wall-motion abnormalities [15 (50%) vs. 5 (17%) subjects (P = 0.006) with reduced radial fractional shortening in more than two segments], reduction of outflow tract ejection fraction (49 +/- 11% vs. 55 +/- 10%; P = 0.032), enlargement of the inflow tract diameter (46 +/- 4 vs. 41 +/- 5 mm, P < 0.001 in short-axis; 46 +/- 4 vs. 42 +/- 5 mm, P = 0.001 in four-chamber long-axis view) and area (22 +/- 2 vs. 20 +/- 3 cm(2); P = 0.050), and of global RV end-systolic volume (34 +/- 10 vs. 30 +/- 6 mL/m(2); P = 0.031) but comparable outflow tract dimensions, global RV end-diastolic volume, left ventricle parameters, and atria areas. CONCLUSION CMRI detects a high prevalence of mild structural changes of the RV, and suggests further pathophysiological complexity in BrS. Prospective studies to assess the long-term evolution of such abnormalities are warranted.
THE YOUNG, MASSIVE, STAR CLUSTER SANDAGE-96 AFTER THE EXPLOSION OF SUPERNOVA 2004dj IN NGC 2403

The bright Type II-plateau supernova (SN) 2004dj occurred within the young, massive stellar cluster Sandage-96 in a spiral arm of NGC 2403. New multiwavelength observations obtained with several ground-based and space-based telescopes were combined to study the radiation from Sandage-96 after SN 2004dj faded away. Sandage-96 started to dominate the flux in the optical bands starting from 2006 September (∼800 days after explosion). The optical fluxes are equal to the pre-explosion ones within the observational uncertainties. An optical Keck spectrum obtained ∼900 days after explosion shows the dominant blue continuum from the cluster stars shortward of 6000 Å as well as strong SN nebular emission lines redward. The integrated spectral energy distribution (SED) of the cluster has been extended into the ultraviolet region by archival XMM-Newton and new Swift observations, and compared with theoretical models. The outer parts of the cluster have been resolved by the Hubble Space Telescope, allowing the construction of a color–magnitude diagram (CMD). The fitting of the cluster SED with theoretical isochrones results in cluster ages distributed between 10 and 40 Myr, depending on the assumed metallicity and the theoretical model family. The isochrone fitting of the CMDs indicates that the resolved part of the cluster consists of stars having a bimodal age distribution: a younger population at ∼10–16 Myr and an older one at ∼32–100 Myr. The older population has an age distribution similar to that of the other nearby field stars. This may be explained with the hypothesis that the outskirts of Sandage-96 are contaminated by stars captured from the field during cluster formation. The young age of Sandage-96 and the comparison of its pre and postexplosion SEDs suggest 12 ≲ Mprog ≲ 20 M☉ as the most probable mass range for the progenitor of SN 2004dj. This is consistent with, but perhaps slightly higher than, most of the other Type II-plateau SN progenitor masses determined so far.
Lateral prefrontal/orbitofrontal cortex has different roles in norm compliance in gain and loss domains: a transcranial direct current stimulation study

Sanction is used by almost all known human societies to enforce fairness norm in resource distribution. Previous studies have consistently shown that the lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) and the adjacent orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) play a causal role in mediating the effect of sanction threat on norm compliance. However, most of these studies were conducted in gain domain in which resources are distributed. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying norm compliance in loss domain in which individual sacrifices are needed. Here we employed a modified version of dictator game (DG) and high‐definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD‐tDCS) to investigate to what extent lPFC/lOFC is involved in norm compliance (with and without sanction threat) in both gain‐ and loss‐sharing contexts. Participants allocated a fixed total amount of monetary gain or loss between themselves and an anonymous partner in multiple rounds of the game. A computer program randomly decided whether a given round involved sanction threat for the participants. Results showed that disruption of the right lPFC/lOFC by tDCS increased the voluntary norm compliance in the gain domain, but not in the loss domain; tDCS on lPFC/lOFC had no effect on compliance under sanction threat in either the gain or loss domain. Our findings reveal a context‐dependent nature of norm compliance and differential roles of lPFC/lOFC in norm compliance in gain and loss domains.
Energy consumption of solar hybrid 48V operated mini mobile cold storage

A global shift headed for a greener and low emissions will necessitate notable advancement in the way in which the energy is being produced and used in all logistics and transportation sector. The solar hybrid electric vehicles (SHEV) are on the peak of the list of choices available for eco-friendly and clean vehicle technologies for smart city transportation. Current cold chain vehicle consumes too much energy and cannot guarantee the perfect quality of food, which is against to the sustainable development of environment. Solar energy used in mobile mini cold storage vehicle as an auxiliary power source of on-board fuel has not been extensively investigated. SHEV setup has been constructed, and experimental verifications are presented that explicitly demonstrate utilizing the PV module adds 15-25 km to the cruising range of a HEV with the weight of 450 kg in a normal operation of the SHEV during one sunny days, and provides higher power efficiency (90.2%) and speed (24.96 km/h). SHEV mini cold storage was energy consumed 104 Wh/day at 21°C ambient temperature and its energy consumption increased with increasing ambient temperature.
Unsupervised Induction of Cross-Lingual Semantic Relations

Creating a language-independent meaning representation would benefit many crosslingual NLP tasks. We introduce the first unsupervised approach to this problem, learning clusters of semantically equivalent English and French relations between referring expressions, based on their named-entity arguments in large monolingual corpora. The clusters can be used as language-independent semantic relations, by mapping clustered expressions in different languages onto the same relation. Our approach needs no parallel text for training, but outperforms a baseline that uses machine translation on a cross-lingual question answering task. We also show how to use the semantics to improve the accuracy of machine translation, by using it in a simple reranker.