Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy Spectra and Inertia–Gravity Waves in Global Analyses

AbstractSeveral decades after E. Dewan predicted that the shallowing of the atmospheric energy spectrum in mesoscale is produced by the inertia–gravity (IG) waves, global analyses have reached the resolution at which the IG waves across many scales are resolved. The authors discuss the spatial filtering method based on the Hough harmonics that provides the temperature and wind perturbations associated with the IG waves in global analysis data. The method is applied to the ECMWF interim reanalysis and the operational 2014–16 analysis fields. The derived spectrum of IG wave energy is divided into three regimes: a part associated with the large-scale unbalanced circulations that has a slope close to −1 for zonal wavenumbers 1 ≤ k ≤ 6, a synoptic-scale range between 3000 and around 500 km (7 ≤ k ≲ 35) that is characterized by a nearly −5/3 slope, and a mesoscale range below 500 km where the slope of the IG energy spectrum in the 2015/16 analyses is steeper. In contrast, the energy spectrum of the Rossby waves.
Dynamic transformation of self-assembled structures using anisotropic magnetized hydrogel microparticles

This paper describes a system through which the self-assembly of anisotropic hydrogel microparticles is achieved, which also enables dynamic transformation of the assembled structures. Using a centrifuge-based microfluidic device, anisotropic hydrogel microparticles encapsulating superparamagnetic materials on one side are fabricated, which respond to a magnetic field. We successfully achieve dynamic assembly using these hydrogel microparticles and realize three different self-assembled structures (single and double pearl chain structures, and close-packed structures), which can be transformed to other structures dynamically via tuning of the precessional magnetic field. We believe that the developed system has potential application as an effective platform for a dynamic cell manipulation and cultivation system, in biomimetic autonomous microrobot organization, and that it can facilitate further understanding of the self-organization and complex systems observed in nature.
Effect of Leading Edge on Sound

Summary Experiments are conducted to determine the acoustic receptivity in the leading-edge region of a Blasius boundary layer. Receptivity coefficients are determined for two different leading edges under different frequency and speed conditions. It is shown that only a rather narrow band of frequencies generate measurable unstable wave amplitudes. Comparisons are made with existing theory. The second stage is the initial growth of these boundary-layer disturbances which can be described by linear stability theory; that is, the linearized, unsteady, Navier-Stokes equations. If the initial amplitudes of the disturbances are small, they will tend to excite the linear normal modes of the boundary layer. These normal modes in the case of a Blasius boundary layer are of the Tollmien-Schlichting (T-S) type. Their growth is weak, occurs over a viscous length scale, and can be modified, for exam­ ple, by pressure gradients, surface mass transfer, and temperature gradients. Since receptivity deals with the generation rather than the evolution of instability waves in a boundary layer, neither departures from the linear-mode scenario, called bypass phenomena (2,3), nor details of the transition process itself (4) are discussed here. To generate instability waves, energy from the long-wavelength external dis­ turbances must be transferred to the shorter wavelength T-S waves through some kind of local (5-7) or global (8) flow adjustment. Reviews of earlier receptivity re­ search are given in (3, 9-13). The reader is referred to these reviews and their refer­ ences since space is limited here. Here we consider disturbances consisting of only plane acoustic waves. We ignore freestream turbulence and artificial disturbances within the boundary layer. Moreover, the main objective of this experiment is to isolate the influence of the leading edge on the initial amplitudes ofT-S waves. These experiments then limit re­ ceptivity to the leading-edge region.
Measures with predetermined regularity and inhomogeneous self-similar sets

We show that if $X$ is a uniformly perfect complete metric space satisfying the finite doubling property, then there exists a fully supported measure with lower regularity dimension as close to the lower dimension of $X$ as we wish. Furthermore, we show that, under the condensation open set condition, the lower dimension of an inhomogeneous self-similar set $E_C$ coincides with the lower dimension of the condensation set $C$, while the Assouad dimension of $E_C$ is the maximum of the Assouad dimensions of the corresponding self-similar set $E$ and the condensation set $C$. If the Assouad dimension of $C$ is strictly smaller than the Assouad dimension of $E$, then the upper regularity dimension of any measure supported on $E_C$ is strictly larger than the Assouad dimension of $E_C$. Surprisingly, the corresponding statement for the lower regularity dimension fails.
Text-independent speaker recognition from a large linguistically unconstrained time-spaced data base

A very large data base consisting of over 36 h of unconstrained extemporaneous speech, from 17 speakers, recorded over a period of more than three months, has been analyzed to determine the effectiveness of long-term average features for speaker recognition. Results are shown to be strongly dependent on the voiced speech averaging interval L e . Monotonic increases in the probability of correct identification and monotonic decreases in the equal error probability for speaker verification were obtained as L e increased, even with substantial time periods between successive sessions. For L e corresponding to approximately 39 s of speech, text-independent results (no linguistic constraints embedded into the data base) of 98.05 percent for speaker identification and 4.25 percent for equal error speaker verification were obtained.
Evaluation of the Effects of Melatonin Implants on Testicular and Spermatic Parameters of Rams Raised in Station in the Niayes Zone in Senegal

: The intensification of livestock production in response to the growing demand for animal products is increasingly creating new challenges in terms of control of livestock management and feeding, and especially reproduction. Also, ewes are often considered responsible for infertility problems in a sheep flock, as the reproductive capacity of rams is often taken for granted. However, it is important to have genetically superior males to improve the overall fertility of the herd. And, one way to control the sexual performance of rams and improve their fertilizing capacity, is to have them undergo melatonin treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the use of melatonin implants on testicular and spermatic parameters of rams raised in stations in the Niayes area of Senegal. The experimental herd consisted of 6 rams of well-known body characteristics which were followed for 2 months during which testicular measurements were carried out at the beginning and semen was collected by electroejaculation every 2 weeks. After a break of 2 weeks, the same rams are implanted with melatonin (MELOVINE ®) at a rate of 3 implants/ram, i.e. a dose of 54 mg of melatonin per ram, and the same measurements and semen collections are again carried out for 2 months. Data on antero-posterior testicular diameter, testicular weight, scrotal circumference, and semen analysis (volume, color, appearance, mass and individual motility, concentration, morphology) recorded and processed with Excel were exported to the SPSS software where they were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and independent sample comparison testing. The results showed that melatonin treatment significantly reduced weight (555±155 g vs. 396±128 g) and antero-posterior diameter (23.42±2.0 cm vs. 20.10±2.26 cm). However, it induced improvements in ejaculate volume, color, and appearance, sperm production, and morphological abnormality rate, and, most significantly, sperm motility (2.1±1.5 vs. 3.3±1.2) and survival rate (54±34% vs. 80±31%) of spermatozoa. Melatonin has therefore improved the sperm characteristics of rams, and is an interesting reproductive management tool for improving the productivity of sheep farms. It can be recommended for use in artificial insemination centres in order to improve the characteristics of the semen doses produced.
Wave propagation in anisotropic plates using trigonometric shear deformation theory

ABSTRACT In this article, wave propagation in anisotropic rectangular plates based on trigonometric shear deformation theory is studied. To the best of the authors' knowledge, it is the first time that this type of trigonometric plate theory is being used for investigating bulk waves in anisotropic plates. This type of trigonometric theory has only four unknowns but it can model thick plates. To study the accuracy of the present formulations, the authors' results are compared with other papers available in open literature for isotropic plates. Moreover, the influences of different parameters, such as wave number and thickness on the results, are investigated.
Backward Pilot Strategy in Constrained Sampling Problems

Sequential Monte Carlo methods are a class of Monte Carlo methods that is used to obtain random samples of a high dimensional random variable in a sequential fashion. Many problems encountered involve different types of constraints. These constraints make the problem much more challenging. In this paper we formulate a general framework of using SMC for constrained problems, extending the backward pilot idea of Lin et al. (2010). Several new algorithms are developed and demonstrated. It is noted that all information observed or imposed on the underlying system can be viewed as constraints. Hence the approach outlined in this paper can be useful in many applications.
Disrupting the (Hidden) Curriculum: Anti-Racist Approaches to Student Instruction and Assignments

In an urban elementary school serving predominantly White and Latinx students, the second-grade teachers created an assignment that asked students to share how their families migrated to the United States. The mother of a Black student met with the teacher to discuss her discomfort with the assignment given that their family descended from enslaved Africans, not immigrants. The teacher was sympathetic but did not understand the issue and refused to omit the assignment. Unsatisfied, the mother requested a meeting with the principal to discuss the racist implications of this assignment and the potential trauma her son would experience.
Compositional inhomogeneities in AlGaN thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy: Effect on MSM UV photodetectors

Ultraviolet (UV) MSM photodetectors (PD) based on AlGaN alloys find many applications, including flame sensing. In this work we investigate the dependence of AlGaN based photodetectors grown by MBE on the kinetics of growth. MSM photodetectors were fabricated in the interdigitated configuration with Ni/Au contacts having 400 μm finger length and 10 μm finger spacing. Bulk Al0.4Ga0. 6N films were grown on to sapphire substrates using an AlN buffer layer. A series of PDs were developed using the Al0.4Ga0. 6N films grown under different group III/V flux ratios ranging from stoichiometric conditions to much higher than unity. Upon testing, it was observed that the otherwise identical photodetectors show significant decrease in dark current as AlGaN deposition conditions change from stoichiometric to excess group III, due to reduction of unintentional incorporation of oxygen-related point defects. In addition, the intensity and spectral dependence of the photocurrent also change, showing an extended low energy t.
Efficiently characterizing the total error in quantum circuits

Current methods of characterizing quantum devices focus on diagnosing individual components. While important, this falls short of the primary goal, namely, determining when the total noise in a quantum circuit is sufficiently small, so that the output of a quantum computer is reliable. In this work, we first obtain an optimal bound on the total fidelity of a circuit in terms of the component fidelities, which can be efficiently estimated by randomized benchmarking. This optimal bound grows quadratically in the length of the circuit. We then obtain an improved bound using additional information about the noise, namely, the unitarity, which can also be efficiently estimated. This improved bound smoothly interpolates between the worst-case quadratic and best-case linear scalings. We then show that our analysis substantially improves the bounds on the infidelities of individual gates obtained using interleaved randomized benchmarking.
Light, Matter, and Geometry:The Cornerstones of Appearance Modelling

This thesis is about physically-based modelling of the appearance of materials. When a material is graphically rendered, its appearance is computed by considering the interaction of light and matter at a macroscopic level. In particular, the shape and the macroscopic optical properties of the material determine how it will interact with incident illumination. In this thesis the macroscopic optical properties are connected to the microscopic physical theories of light and matter. This enables prediction of the macroscopic optical properties of materials, and, consequently, also prediction of appearance based on the contents and the physical conditions of the materials. Physically-based appearance models have many potential input and output parameters. There are many choices that must be made: How many material components to include in the model, how many physical conditions to take into account, whether the shape of the material should be coupled to the appearance model or not, etc. A generalised concept of shape and geometry is presented to provide a framework for handling these many degrees of freedom. Constraints between input and output parameters are modelled as multidimensional shapes. This gives the opportunity to use the appearance models not only for prediction, but also for analysis of the contents and the physical conditions of a material given information about its macroscopic optical properties. Since it is possible to measure these properties using camera technology, the presented framework enables analysis of material contents and conditions using camera technology. Three detailed appearance models are presented as to exemplify the applicability of the theory: (1) A model which finds the appearance of water given temperature, salinity, and mineral and algal contents of the water; (2) a model which finds the appearance of ice given temperature, salinity, density, and mineral and algal contents of the ice; and (3) a model which finds the appearance of milk given fat and protein contents of the milk.
Equivalence of Regression Curves

ABSTRACT This article investigates the problem whether the difference between two parametric models m1, m2 describing the relation between a response variable and several covariates in two different groups is practically irrelevant, such that inference can be performed on the basis of the pooled sample. Statistical methodology is developed to test the hypotheses H0: d(m1, m2) ⩾ ϵ versus H1: d(m1, m2) < ϵ to demonstrate equivalence between the two regression curves m1, m2 for a prespecified threshold ϵ, where d denotes a distance measuring the distance between m1 and m2. Our approach is based on the asymptotic properties of a suitable estimator of this distance. To improve the approximation of the nominal level for small sample sizes, a bootstrap test is developed, which addresses the specific form of the interval hypotheses. In particular, data have to be generated under the null hypothesis, which implicitly defines a manifold for the parameter vector. The results are illustrated by means of a simulation study and a data example. It is demonstrated that the new methods substantially improve currently available approaches with respect to power and approximation of the nominal level.
A “greenhouse gas balance” for aviation in line with the Paris Agreement

The effects of aviation on climate pose unique policy challenges. A large fraction of the CO2 emissions (65%) is international and not (explicitly) included in the Paris Agreement. The interpretation of Article 4.1 on achieving a “balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases” is ambiguous in the context of aviation because of the substantial non‐CO2 effects associated with the sector. For the achievement of the temperature goal in Article 2, both CO2 and non‐CO2 effects are important. The non‐CO2 effects contribute 66% of the sectoral total climate effect (in terms of Effective Radiative Forcing; ERF) at present, with significant uncertainties. The largest of these non‐CO2 effects, contrail‐cirrus and the net‐effect of NOx, are not caused by direct greenhouse gas emissions, representing another ambiguity as to whether they should be included in the balance concept. We discuss the role of aviation in the context of the Paris Agreement, and present illustrative calculations of a hypothetical aviation “greenhouse gas balance. ” Several questions are addressed: Which components should be included? If an aggregate of components is adopted for the “balance,” which metric should be used? How can the large differences in timescales as well as the large intrinsic underlying ERF uncertainties be handled? We demonstrate that these choices result in very different requirements for CO2‐removal from the atmosphere and different temperature outcomes over time. The article provides policymakers with an overview of issues and choices that are important regarding which approach is most appropriate for defining and achieving a greenhouse gas balance for aviation in the context of the Paris Agreement.
School library censorship: Looking at the perspective of a school librarian association in Indonesia

The information needs of students must be met by school libraries as resources for student learning with collections that support academic curricula and are suitable for learning activities. A collection that contains no sensitive or contentious material is one that is appropriate for students. In this study, censorship issues in school library collections are examined from the point of view of the Association of Indonesian School Librarians. The study found four topics connected to the Association’s perspective on censorship issues in school libraries based on staff interviews and thematic analysis: the root reasons for censorship; how censorship is implemented; how to become a competent librarian; and how urgent censorship is. Censorship is seldom reported, thus the Association does not view it as a pressing concern. It places greater emphasis on problems such as information literacy training and developing librarians’ competencies than censoring library collections. Hence, there is no national attention given to this subject.
Mean and cell-mean imputation resulting in the use of a semicontinuous distribution and a mixture of semicontinuous distributions

ABSTRACT Zero-inflated models are commonly used for modeling count and continuous data with extra zeros. Inflations at one point or two points apart from zero for modeling continuous data have been discussed less than that of zero inflation. In this article, inflation at an arbitrary point α as a semicontinuous distribution is presented and the mean imputation for a continuous response is discussed as a cause of having semicontinuous data. Also, inflation at two points and generally at k arbitrary points and their relation to cell-mean imputation in the mixture of continuous distributions are studied. To analyze the imputed data, a mixture of semicontinuous distributions is used. The effects of covariates on the dependent variable in a mixture of k semicontinuous distributions with inflation at k points are also investigated. In order to find the parameter estimates, the method of expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm is used. In a real data of Iranian Households Income and Expenditure Survey (IHIES), it is shown how to obtain a proper estimate of the population variance when continuous missing at random responses are mean imputed.
Formulation and Optimization of Load Imbalance in the Hybrid Atomistic-Continuum Simulation Based on Geometric Coupling

The hybrid atomistic-continuum (HAC) method based on geometric coupling has intrinsic load imbalance under the conventional parallel decomposition. This paper presents quantitative guiding rules for alleviating load imbalance in the HAC simulation. We analyze the coupling procedures and the parallelism mechanism of the HAC method, formulate the coupling oriented load balance model and present quantitative decomposition rules for the atomistic region as well as the overlap region decomposition. The results of the benchmark case show the decomposition style under the guiding rules instruction performs better than the default decomposition method. The load balance model can predict the most proper decomposition style.
Space-time adaptive methods for phase-field models

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Frequency response of Lamb-Oseen vortex

In this numerical study we present the frequency response of the Lamb-Oseen (Gaussian) vortex for two synthetic jet configurations. The first one consists of an annular axial jet that is superimposed on the Gaussian vortex. The other configuration deals with an off-axis, single-point, axial jet (SPI). We detect that the system responds to the forcing for a given axial wavenumber, k, exciting natural modes of the vortex by a resonance mechanism. We propose an explanation for the physical mechanism responsible for the maximum energy gain obtained by comparing our results with the different branches found theoretically by Fabre et al (2006 J. Fluid Mech. 551 235–74). We find high energy gains in both cases ( G ∞ ≃ 10 3 for the annular jet and G ∞ ≃ 10 4 for the SPI jet), so these types of forcing are able to produce responses of the system strong enough to reach a non-linear state. Axisymmetric modes, with azimuthal wavenumber m = 0, produce the highest energy gain while applying an annular forcing. However, other modes, such as the helical one m = 1 and also double helix modes with m = 2, contribute in the SPI configuration. We find that the best region to be tested experimentally in both cases is the region that corresponds to the L2 branch described by Fabre and his collaborators. Furthermore, and whenever using these L2 branch frequencies, the response of the system is always axisymmetric, independently of the type of excitation. Finally, we conclude that the energy gain with the SPI jet is one order of magnitude greater than for the annular jet, so that the single-point off-axis jet is a feasible candidate to design a control device.