Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Follow-up of [11C]PIB uptake and brain volume in patients with Alzheimer disease and controls

Objective: In Alzheimer disease (AD), the accumulation pattern of β-amyloid over time and its relationship with dementia severity are unclear. We investigated the brain uptake of the amyloid ligand 11C-labeled Pittsburgh compound B ([11C]PIB) and volumetric brain changes over a 2-year follow-up in patients with AD and in aged healthy controls. Methods: Fourteen patients with AD (mean age 72 years, SD 6.6) and 13 healthy controls (mean age 68 years, SD 5.4) were examined at baseline and after 2 years (patients with AD: mean 2.0 years, SD 0.2; controls: mean 2.1 years, SD 0.6) with [11C]PIB PET, MRI, and neuropsychological assessments. [11C]PIB uptake was analyzed with a voxel-based statistical method (SPM), and quantitative data were obtained with automated region-of-interest analysis. MRI data were analyzed with voxel-wise tensor-based morphometry. Results: The [11C]PIB uptake of the patients with AD did not increase significantly during follow-up when compared with that of the controls. MRI showed progressive brain volume change in the patients with AD, e.g., in the hippocampal region, temporal cortex, and precuneus (p < 0.05). The mean Mini-Mental State Examination score of the patients with AD declined from 24.3 (SD 3.1) at baseline to 21.6 (SD 3.9) at follow-up (p = 0.009). Cognitive decline was also evident in other neuropsychological test results. Baseline neocortical [11C]PIB uptake ratios predicted subsequent volumetric brain changes in the controls (r = 0.725, p = 0.005). Conclusions: The results suggest no (or only little) increase in 11C-labeled Pittsburgh compound B ([11C]PIB) uptake during 2 years of Alzheimer disease progression, despite advancing brain atrophy and declining cognitive performance. Nevertheless, changes in [11C]PIB uptake during a longer follow-up cannot be excluded. High cortical [11C]PIB uptake may predict ongoing brain atrophy in cognitively normal individuals.
Single‐shot EPI with signal recovery from the susceptibility‐induced losses

A major problem in the gradient‐recalled echo‐planar imaging (EPI) method that also uses a long echo time (TE) is the severe signal loss in regions with large static field inhomogeneities. These regions include the ventral frontal, medial temporal, and inferior temporal lobes, which experience inhomogeneities induced by susceptibility effects commonly found near air/tissue interfaces. For functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that use both gradient‐recalled EPI at relatively long TE and high‐field scanners, this signal loss is severe, preventing investigation of certain human cognitive processes that involve these regions, such as memory and attention. Methods have been developed to recover this signal loss; however, most of them require multiple excitations and thus compromise temporal resolution. In this report, a new technique is described which achieves good signal recovery within a single excitation. It is anticipated that this technique will prove useful for fMRI studies in inhomogeneous areas that require high temporal resolution. Magn Reson Med 46:407–411, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alternate Recruitment of Signal Recognition Particle and Trigger Factor to the Signal Sequence of a Growing Nascent Polypeptide*

Different from cytoplasmic membrane proteins, presecretory proteins of bacteria usually do not require the signal recognition particle for targeting to the Sec translocon. Nevertheless signal sequences of presecretory proteins have been found in close proximity to signal recognition particle immediately after they have emerged from the ribosome. We show here that at the ribosome, the molecular environment of a signal sequence depends on the nature of downstream sequence elements that can cause an alternate recruitment of signal recognition particle and the ribosome-associated chaperone Trigger factor to a growing nascent chain. While signal recognition particle and Trigger factor might remain bound to the same ribosome, both ligands are clearly able to displace each other from a nascent chain. The data also imply that a signal sequence owes its molecular environment to the fact that it remains closely apposed to the ribosomal exit site during growth of a nascent secretory protein.
Sociotechnical Systems: A North American Reflection on Empirical Studies of the Seventies

This paper reviews the development of sociotechnical systems theory and research over the past 30 years, paying particular attention to the evolution of the paradigm in North America during the past decade. Elements of sociotechnical systems theory discussed here include the conceptualization of social systems, technical systems, and open systems, joint optimization, organizational choice, variance control, boundary location, support congruence, quality of work life, and continuous learning. A review of 134 experiments is then summarized, indicating which features of sociotechnical systems design are used most frequently, and which in turn are associated with reported success on a number of critical outcome dimensions such as productivity, costs, quality, and satisfaction. An unexpected finding of this review was that while sociotechnical system experiments have been extremely successful overall, the number of experiments involving technological innovation or change is relatively small; moreover, from the results achieved in these experiments, it is obvious that we still have much to learn regarding the design of technical systems for joint optimization. Methodological issues and areas in need of further research are explored.
The association between mean platelet volume and coronary collateral circulation.

BACKGROUND Platelets are important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic complications. Higher mean platelet volume (MPV) levels are related to greater in vitro aggregation, and have been identified as an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction, and for death or recurrent vascular events. AIM To determine the relationship between MPV and the coronary collateral circulation. METHODS The sample consisted of 96 patients with coronary artery disease, and patients were separated into two groups according to their poorly developed or well-developed collateral circulation. Coronary collateral vessels were analyzed according to the Cohen and Rentrop grading system of 0-3. RESULTS All analyses were conducted using SPSS 11.5 (SPSS for Windows 11.5, Chicago, IL, USA). Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD, and categorical variables were expressed as percentages. Comparison of categorical and continuous variables between the group with well-developed coronary collateral vessels and the group with poorly developed vessels was performed using the chi-squared test and independent samples t-test, respectively. Platelet count and MPV values were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study found that MPV levels are not related to coronary collateral circulation.
Causes and affects under manipulated arousal and achievement‐related outcomes

A revised version of earlier models by Stephan and Gollwitzer, and Weiner, has been proposed to study the relations between cognitions and emotions in the achievement-related contexts. Accordingly, factors classified along the arousal—relaxation dimension should modify the intensity of initial emotional response to the outcome, and the degree of egotism/positive evaluation in the pattern of causal attributions. Then, specific affective modalities are seen as joint products of the former cognitive—emotional interaction. A 5 (arousal conditions) × 2 (outcomes) experiment was designed to test the model. 160 male undergraduates from University of Jos in Nigeria served as subjects. Results have showed that the highly aroused subjects suppressed their negative emotions after failure, while the relaxed ones reported lower intensity of success-related affects. The hypothesis of attributional egotism did not get support from the causal ascription data. The causal dimension of Evaluation was found to be a better predictor for affects than Locus was.
The emotional intelligence of adult sex offenders: ability based EI assessment

Abstract Previous research has suggested that sex offenders are deficient in several areas of emotional functioning such as empathy, emotional perception, emotional management and interpersonal functioning. It is unclear, however, whether sex offenders display a general deficit in emotional functioning or whether their emotional deficits are specific to the circumstances in which offences occur. The present study aimed to provide a broad assessment of the emotional functioning of sex offenders by assessing their emotional intelligence (EI) using an abilities-based emotional intelligence test. Nineteen sex offenders, 18 non-sex offending prisoners and 19 controls were administered the Perception, Assimilation and Management branch subtests from the Mayer Salovey Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). The results indicated that the sex offenders were not significantly different than the control group, as assessed by these three branches of the MSCEIT. The results lend support to the suggestion that the emotional deficits displayed by sex offenders may be offence-specific. Implications for the use of the MSCEIT in sex offending populations and the role of EI in relapse prevention programmes are discussed.
The Social Functioning Of Children With ADD With Hyperactivity And ADD Without Hyperactivity

Among the anticipated changes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders draft for the 4th edition (DSM-IV) (American Psychiatric Association, 1993) is a revision of the Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) category, including a reintroduction of the concept of the DSM-III Attention-deficit Disorder Without Hyperactivity (ADD/WO) designation. This change will refocus clinicians' attention to evaluating the similarities and differences between ADHD subtypes, particularly as they affect assessment and treatment issues. Because of the importance of peer relations to children's functioning and because prior research has suggested that children with Attention-deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADD/H) and children with ADD/WO differ in their social behaviors, the nature of the social deficits displayed by the ADHD subtypes warrants particular attention. The purposes of this article are to critically evaluate the groups' differences in social functioning within a model of social skills (Gresham, 1988) and to suggest directions for future research and intervention that might be applicable to the two ADHD groups.
A pilot study of the relationship between Doppler‐estimated carotid and brachial artery flow and cardiac index

We measured carotid and brachial artery blood flow by Doppler ultrasound in 11 human volunteers, and related these to cardiac index and to each other. The median (IQR [range]) carotid arterial blood flow was 0.334 (0.223–0.381 [0.052–0.563]) l.min−1 on the right and 0.315 (0.223–0.369 [0.061–0.690]) l.min−1 on the left. The brachial arterial blood flow was 0.049 (0.033–0.062 [0.015–0.204]) l.min−1 on the right and 0.039 (0.027–0.054 [0.011–0.116]) on the left. Cardiac index was 3.2 (2.8–3.5 [1.9–5.4]) l.min−1.m−2. There was a moderate to good correlation between right‐and left‐sided flows (brachial: ρ = 0.45; carotid: ρ = 0.567). Brachial and carotid flow had no or a negative correlation with cardiac index (right brachial: ρ = −0.145, left brachial: ρ = −0.349; right carotid: ρ = −0.376, left carotid: ρ = −0.285). In contrast to some previous studies, we found that Doppler‐estimated peripheral arterial blood flows only show a weak correlation with cardiac index and cannot be used to provide non‐invasive estimates of cardiac index in man.
Empowering Adult Stem Cells for Myocardial Regeneration V2.0: Success in Small Steps.

Much has changed since our survey of the landscape for myocardial regeneration powered by adult stem cells 4 years ago. (1) The intervening years since that first review has witnessed an explosive expansion of studies that advance both understanding and implementation of adult stem cells in promoting myocardial repair. Painstaking research from innumerable laboratories throughout the world is prying open doors that may lead to restoration of myocardial structure and function in the wake of pathological injury. This global effort has produced deeper mechanistic comprehension coupled with an evolving appreciation for the complexity of myocardial regeneration in the adult context. Undaunted by both known and (as yet) unknown challenges, pursuit of myocardial regenerative medicine mediated by adult stem cell therapy has gathered momentum fueled by tantalizing clues and visionary goals. This concise review takes a somewhat different perspective than our initial treatise, taking stock of the business sector that has become an integral part of the field while concurrently updating state of affairs in cutting edge research. Looking retrospectively at advancement over the years as all reviews eventually must, the fundamental lesson to be learned is best explained by Jonatan Mårtensson: "Success will never be a big step in the future. Success is a small step taken just now. "
Domain-Specific Modeling and Code Generation for Cross-Platform Multi-Device Mobile Apps

Nowadays, mobile devices constitute the most common computing device. This new computing model has brought intense competition among hardware and software providers who are continuously introducing increasingly powerful mobile devices and innovative OSs into the market. In consequence, cross-platform and multi-device development has become a priority for software companies that want to reach the widest possible audience. However, developing an application for several platforms implies high costs and technical complexity. Currently, there are several frameworks that allow cross-platform application development. However, these approaches still require manual programming. My research proposes to face the challenge of the mobile revolution by exploiting abstraction, modeling and code generation, in the spirit of the modern paradigm of Model Driven Engineering.
Distributed Join Algorithms on Thousands of Cores

Traditional database operators such as joins are relevant not only in the context of database engines but also as a building block in many computational and machine learning algorithms. With the advent of big data, there is an increasing demand for efficient join algorithms that can scale with the input data size and the available hardware resources. In this paper, we explore the implementation of distributed join algorithms in systems with several thousand cores connected by a low-latency network as used in high performance computing systems or data centers. We compare radix hash join to sort-merge join algorithms and discuss their implementation at this scale. In the paper, we explain how to use MPI to implement joins, show the impact and advantages of RDMA, discuss the importance of network scheduling, and study the relative performance of sorting vs. hashing. The experimental results show that the algorithms we present scale well with the number of cores, reaching a throughput of 48.7 billion input tuples per second on 4,096 cores.
Inclusive Attitudes, Strengths, and Weaknesses of Pre-service General Educators Enrolled in a Curriculum Infusion Teacher Preparation Program

The inclusive attitudes of 181 undergraduate preservice general educators were measured using modified versions of the Opinions Relative to Integration of Students with Disabilities scale. A series of 4 $$ 4 ANOVA equations indicated that (a) pre-service teachers were more positive toward the inclusion of students with learning disabilities than of students with behavior disorders, mental retardation, and multiple disabilities and (b) pre-service teachers of different class standings did not have significantly different attitudes toward inclusion. In addition, four themes emerged from the comments of 136 participants regarding their strengths and weaknesses related to inclusive teaching. The most frequently mentioned strengths were in the area of Personal Characteristics, Dispositions, and Talents. The most commonly noted weaknesses were in regard to Teaching Experience, Teacher-training, and Instructional Knowledge and Skills. A chi-square analysis indicated that strengths and weaknesses did not differ corresponding to class standing with the exception of seniors tending to express more strengths related to Experiences Unrelated to Teaching or Teacher-training than expected by chance. The implications of these results and infusion models of teacher preparation for inclusion policies are discussed.
High-Program/Erase-Speed SONOS With In Situ Silicon Nanocrystals

In this letter, for the first time, we have successfully fabricated silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) devices with embedded silicon nanocrystals (Si-NCs) in silicon nitride using in situ method. This process is simple and compatible to modern IC processes. Different Si-NCs deposition times by in situ method were investigated at first. SONOS devices with embedded Si-NCs in silicon nitride exhibit excellent characteristics in terms of larger memory windows (> 5.5 V), lower operation voltage, high P/E speed, and longer retention time (> 108 s for 13% charge loss).
Contributions of Psychophysiology to Research on Adult Attachment: Review and Recommendations

Despite the increasing use of psychophysiological measures to investigate social and interpersonal phenomena, few studies of adult romantic attachment have taken advantage of this approach. In this article I argue for a biologically-specific, theory-based integration of psychophysiological measures into adult attachment research. This approach would help elucidate the normative psychobiological properties of the attachment system, which have received little study in humans. Specifically, it would allow researchers to test targeted hypotheses regarding affect and arousal regulation in attachment relationships. I provide a general introduction to 2 biological systems that hold particular promise for adult attachment research: the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis of the endocrine system. I highlight the relevance of these systems for attachment phenomena and review findings from selected social psychophysiological research. I conclude by outlining a tentative theoretical model of the psychobiology of adult attachment and identifying specific directions for future research.
Metodología Clínica experimental aplicada al estrés postraumático: formulación y tratamiento de un caso [Clinical experimental methodology applied to postraumatic stress: A case study]

Resumen El diagnostico del Trastorno de Estres Postraumatico (TEPT), a pesar de no ser tipificado como tal hasta 1980, se ha convertido en la actualidad en uno de los mas utilizados. Es posible que dentro de este diagnostico se incluyan constelaciones de sintomas muy diferentes dependiendo del tipo de trauma que facilita la aparicion del TEPT. Se expone el tratamiento de una joven (21 anos) con TEPT asociado al fallecimiento de un amigo. El TEPT, ademas de la sintomatologia tan desagradable para la paciente, ha afectado a multiples otras areas, desorganizando de forma importante su vida habitual. Se aplica un tratamiento, basado en el modelo de Brewin, en el que tras modificar las cogniciones y el nivel de activacion, se procede a aplicar la tecnica de exposicion a las situaciones problema. Se completa el tratamiento con programacion de actividades y solucion de problemas. Tras 20 sesiones, a lo largo de cinco meses y medio, se consigue un exito terapeutico completo. Abstract In 1980 the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was considered as a psychopathological diagnosis for the first time. Nowadays, this diagnosis is frequently applied. However, it could include different symptom clusters, according to the traumatic event that triggers the PSTD. This paper presents the treatment of a young woman (21 years old) with PSTD following a friend's death. The PSTD, besides the unpleasant symptoms, had also affected several other areas and disrupted her daily life. The treatment was developed following Brewin's theory. After modifying cognitions and high arousal levels, the exposure technique was applied. The treatment was completed with the schedule of activities and the problem solving training. After 20 sessions, within five and a half months, a complete therapeutic success was reached.
Gendered constructions of citizenship: young Kenyans' negotiations of rights discourses

This paper contributes to the study of citizenship by interrogating how young people in Nairobi (Chege and Arnot 2012) perceive their rights of citizenship. It builds on previous analyses of the connections between gender, education and poverty's poor urban settlements by focusing on the political dimensions of the young people's lives. The findings are based on in-depth interviews with 24 young men and women (mainly siblings aged 16–25) from 18 urban households which explored how they define their national identity and citizenship rights and their expectations of the Kenyan government. All youth felt a connection with the Kenyan nation and actively engaged with rights discourses, but secondary schooled youth demonstrated a noticeably more reflexive and challenging approach to the norms and responsibilities of citizenship. Young men focused on the public sphere, emphasising voting rights, political corruption and their role in leading community change, whilst secondary educated young women recognised the importance of ‘freedoms’ associated with national membership, their rights to choose within cultural traditions and the need to support their families. Gender is shown to play an important role in framing their understanding of themselves as citizens.
Two results on a partial ordering of finite sequences

In the first part of the paper we are concerned about finite sequences (over arbitrary symbols) u for which Ex(u, n) = O(n). The function Ex(u, n) measures the maximum length of finite sequences over n symbols which contain no subsequence of the type u. It follows from the result of Hart and Sharir that the containment ababa ≺ u is a (minimal) obstacle to Ex(u, n) = O(n). We show by means of a construction due to Sharir and Wiernik that there is another obstacle to the linear growth. In the second part of the paper we investigate whether the above containment of sequences is wqo. It is trivial that it is not but we show that the smaller family of sequences whose alternace graphs contain no k-path is well quasiordered by that containment.
Considering Some Methodological Issues in Racial Identity Counseling Research

In this article, it is argued that Nigrescence or Black racial identity theory often interacts with counseling psychology research designs in ways that may lead readers to underestimate the worth of such research as well as misunderstand its meaning. Particular methodological dilemmas resulting from the interactions among theoretical formulations, environmental influences, and research participants' racial identity characteristics are addressed. Possible strategies for addressing these issues as well as those shared with other types of visible racial/ethnic group (VREG) research are offered.