Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ral function in muscle is required for flight maintenance in Drosophila

ABSTRACT Ral is a small GTPase of the Ras superfamily that is important for a number of cellular functions. Recently, we found that expression of Ral is regulated by store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in Drosophila neurons. In this study, through genetic and behavioural experiments, we show that Ral function is required in differentiated muscles for flight. Reducing Ral function in muscles, specifically reduced duration of flight bouts but not other motor functions, like climbing. Interestingly, unlike in the nervous system, Ral expression in the muscle is not regulated by SOCE. Moreover, either knockdown or genetic inhibition of SOCE in muscles does not affect flight. These findings demonstrate that a multiplicity of signalling mechanisms very likely regulate Ral expression in different tissues.
Carisoprodol Withdrawal After Internet Purchase

Introduction:Carisoprodol is a centrally acting muscle relaxant used in the treatment of various musculoskeletal disorders whose main metabolite, meprobamate, is a controlled substance in the United States due to its sedative properties and potential for abuse. Case Description:We report a case of a 51-year-old man with cognitive impairment and tremor who developed worsening tremor, anxiety, myoclonus, ataxia, and psychosis on abrupt cessation of carisoprodol. At hospital discharge, his cognitive function significantly improved compared with when he was on carisoprodol. Conclusion:Carisoprodol withdrawal is an important and under-recognized syndrome that should be considered in patients presenting with neurologic symptoms who are taking the medication. Carisoprodol withdrawal can be successfully treated with the use of benzodiazepines, although further studies are needed to identify the most appropriate treatment protocol.
Neural Markers of Cybersecurity: An fMRI Study of Phishing and Malware Warnings

The security of computer systems often relies upon decisions and actions of end users. In this paper, we set out to investigate users' susceptibility to cybercriminal attacks by concentrating at the most fundamental component governing user behavior-the human brain. We introduce a novel neuroscience-based study methodology to inform the design of user-centered security systems as it relates to cybercrime. In particular, we report on an functional magnetic resonance imaging study measuring users' security performance and underlying neural activity with respect to two critical security tasks: (1) distinguishing between a legitimate and a phishing website and (2) heeding security (malware) warnings. We identify the neural markers that might be controlling users' performance in these tasks, and establish relationships between brain activity and behavioral performance as well as between users' personality traits and security behavior. Our results provide a largely positive perspective on users' capability and performance vis-à-vis these crucial security tasks. First, we show that users exhibit significant brain activity in key regions associated with decision-making, attention, and problem-solving (phishing and malware warnings) as well as language comprehension and reading (malware warnings), which means that users are actively engaged in these security tasks. Second, we demonstrate that certain individual traits, such as impulsivity measured via an established questionnaire, are associated with a significant negative effect on brain activation in these tasks. Third, we discover a high degree of correlation in brain activity (in decision-making regions) across phishing detection and malware warnings tasks, which implies that users' behavior in one task may potentially be predicted by their behavior in the other. Fourth, we discover high functional connectivity among the core regions of the brain, while users performed the phishing detection task. Finally, we discuss the broader impacts and implications of our work on the field of user-centered security, including the domain of security education, targeted security training, and security screening.
MSBase: an international, online registry and platform for collaborative outcomes research in multiple sclerosis

Observational cohort studies are a powerful tool to assess the long-term outcome in chronic diseases. This study design has been utilized in local and regional outcome studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) and has yielded invaluable epidemiological information. The World Wide Web now provides an excellent opportunity for an international, collaborative cohort study of MS outcomes. A web platform-MSBase-has been designed to collect prospective data on patients with MS. It is purely observational, enabling participating neurologists to contribute data on diagnosis, treatment and progress, to review anonymous aggregate data and to benchmark their patient population against other patient subsets or the entire dataset. MSBase facilitates collaborative research by allowing the online creation of investigator-initiated regional, national and international substudies. The registry aims to answer epidemiological questions that can only be addressed by prospective assessments of large patient cohorts. The registry is funded through the independent MSBase Foundation, and governed by an International Scientific Advisory Board. The MSBase Foundation commenced operations in July 2004 and since then, 22 neurologists from 11 countries have joined MSBase and are contributing 2400 patients to the total data pool.
Pseudonymous Secure Computation from Time-Lock Puzzles

In standard models of secure computation, point-to-point channels between parties are assumed to be authenticated by some pre-existing means. In other cases, even stronger pre-existing setup—e.g., a public-key infrastructure (PKI)—is assumed. These assumptions are too strong for open, peer-to-peer networks, where parties do not necessarily have any prior relationships and can come and go as they please. Nevertheless, these assumptions are made due to the prevailing belief that nothing “interesting” can be achieved without them. Taking inspiration from Bitcoin, we show that precise bounds on computational power can be used in place of pre-existing setup to achieve weaker (but nontrivial) notions of security. Specifically, under the assumptions that digital signatures exist and each party can solve cryptographic “time-lock” puzzles only at a bounded rate, we show that without prior setup and with no bound on the number of corruptions, a group of parties can agree on a PKI with which they can then realize pseudonymous notions of authenticated communication, broadcast, and secure computation. Roughly, “pseudonymous” here means that inputs/outputs are (effectively) bound to pseudonyms rather than parties’ true identities.
Chemical peels in plastic surgery.

and supratrochlear nerves. Galeal suspension is accomplished by plication sutures at the level of the skin incisions or by fixation to microscrews placed in the calvarium. Skin resection is generally not necessary. The advantage of this technique is greater patient acceptance of the procedure. Early reports have indicated that endoscopic brow lifts are accompanied by diminished bleeding and swelling, less scalp anesthesia, and a less noticeable scar. In a review of 61 patients undergoing endoscopic brow lift, no important complications occuffed, and results were equal to those with the open coronal approach. The natural extension of this procedure, endoscopic face lift, is also gaining acceptance. Patient selection for this procedure is critical. Ideal candidates are younger (< 50 years of age) and have good skin tone without nasolabial folds or prominent malar fat pads. Patients with substantial skin redundancy are best served by standard rhytidectomy. The endoscopic dissection is accomplished in the subcutaneous plane in the lower half of the face and in a subperiosteal plane in the upper third of the face by two temporal and posterior mastoid incisions about 1.5 cm long. An intraoral buccal sulcus and lower blepharoplasty incision can be used. After wide undermining, the soft tissues are suspended by endoscopically tied knots to the temporalis fascia and periosteum. The neck can also be treated using endoscopy or by direct vision through a submental incision. Several other procedures, including abdominoplasty and breast augmentation, are currently being studied for their applicability to endoscopic-assisted dissection, and the list will undoubtedly continue to grow. Surgeons should view the current wave of enthusiasm for endoscopic plastic surgery with a note of caution, however. As with most new medical advances, the indications and applications are likely to be extended unnecessarily initially. Not until further experience with these techniques is reported should endoscopic manipulation in plastic surgery become routine.
Multivariate analysis of periodontal disease and subgingival microbial compositions--in patients treated with fixed prosthetic appliances.

The microbial compositions of subgingival plaque and the clinical indices of periodontal tissues were analyzed using a quantification method of the first type and multiple regression analysis to determine the feasibility of predicting the progress of periodontal disease on an objective basis from homogeneous microbial data. The results suggested that objective information on the progress of periodontal disease could be obtained by surveying the subgingival microflora and subjecting the data to numerical analysis. Introduction In recent years, many investigations[1-9] have surveyed the subgingival microflora in patients with periodontal involvement and shown that the composition ratios of specific bacterial groups and/or species increase in periodontal diseases, as compared with those in clinically healthy periodontal tissues. This suggests that specific bacterial compositions in the subgingival microflora are closely associated with each type of periodontal diseases. Several studies[1, 6-8] have indicated that there are statistically significant correlations between the clinical parameters of periodontal tissues and the composition ratios of specific bacteria in gingival and subgingival plaque and that significant correlations with the progress of periodontal diseases are found for multiple bacterial species. Therefore, in order to objectively evaluate the progress of periodontal diseases on the basis of bacteriological data, analyses by multiple bacterial data should be done. Recently, MEGA[9] reported the prevalence of subgingival microflora in patients treated with crown prosthetic appliances. In the present study, numerical analysis was done using these previously reported data[9]. The clinical and microbiological data were analyzed by a quantification method of the first type 妻 鹿 純 一、 指 田 勝 美 、 平 沢 正 知* : Departments of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics and * Mcrobiology , Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1, Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271, Japan.
Survey of Cross-Layer Optimization Techniques for Wireless Networks

The explosive development of Internet and wireless communication has made personal communication more convenient. People can use a handy wireless device to transfer different kinds of data such as voice data, text data, and multimedia data. Multimedia streaming, video conferencing, and on-line interactive 3D games are expected to attract an increasing number of users in the future. The bandwidth requirement would be high and the heterogeneous terminals would generally provide limited resource, such as low processing power, low battery life and limited data rate capabilities. These applications would be the major challenge for wireless networks. Although the traditional layered protocol stacks have been used for many years, they are not suitable for the next generation wireless networks and the mobile systems. Due to the time varying transmission of the wireless channel and the dynamic resource requirements of different application, the traditional layered approach to the mobile multimedia communication is full of challenges to meet the user requirement on performance and efficiency. Cross-layer design is an interesting research topic that actively exploits the dependence between different protocol layers to obtain performance gains. The authors performed a survey and introduced the cross-layer design principles and issues for different research topics, including QoS, mobility, security, application, and the next generation wireless communication.
Wnt5 and Drl/Ryk Gradients Pattern the Drosophila Olfactory Dendritic Map

During development, dendrites migrate to their correct locations in response to environmental cues. The mechanisms of dendritic guidance are poorly understood. Recent work has shown that the Drosophila olfactory map is initially formed by the spatial segregation of the projection neuron (PN) dendrites in the developing antennal lobe (AL). We report here that between 16 and 30 h after puparium formation, the PN dendrites undergo dramatic rotational reordering to achieve their final glomerular positions. During this period, a novel set of AL-extrinsic neurons express high levels of the Wnt5 protein and are tightly associated with the dorsolateral edge of the AL. Wnt5 forms a dorsolateral-high to ventromedial-low pattern in the antennal lobe neuropil. Loss of Wnt5 prevents the ventral targeting of the dendrites, whereas Wnt5 overexpression disrupts dendritic patterning. We find that Drl/Ryk, a known Wnt5 receptor, is expressed in a dorsolateral-to-ventromedial (DL > VM) gradient by the PN dendrites. Loss of Drl in the PNs results in the aberrant ventromedial targeting of the dendrites, a defect that is suppressed by reduction in Wnt5 gene dosage. Conversely, overexpression of Drl in the PNs results in the dorsolateral targeting of their dendrites, an effect that requires Drl's cytoplasmic domain. We propose that Wnt5 acts as a repulsive guidance cue for the PN dendrites, whereas Drl signaling in the dendrites inhibits Wnt5 signaling. In this way, the precise expression patterns of Wnt5 and Drl orient the PN dendrites allowing them to target their final glomerular positions.
The Dyspnoea, Obstruction, Smoking, Exacerbation (DOSE) index is predictive of mortality in COPD.

BACKGROUND The Dyspnoea, Obstruction, Smoking, Exacerbation (DOSE) index was designed to assess disease severity and for the clinical management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but has not been evaluated as a prognostic instrument for mortality in a population including primary care patients. AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of the DOSE index with mortality in primary and secondary care COPD patients. METHODS Information was collected from 1,111 COPD patients aged 34-75 years randomly selected from 70 Swedish primary and secondary care centres. Data were obtained using patient questionnaires and record review and the Swedish Board of Health and Welfare provided mortality data. The study population included 562 patients with data on all DOSE index components. The DOSE index was calculated using the MRC dyspnoea scale, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) as percentage of predicted (FEV₁%pred), smoking status, and exacerbation rate. The exacerbation rate over 6 months prior to record review was used to estimate the annual rate. Cox regression analyses estimated survival with adjustment for age, sex, and heart disease. RESULTS Over 5 years, 116 patients (20.6%) died. Mortality was higher in patients with DOSE index ≥4 (42.4%) than for lower scores (11.0%) (p<0.0001). Compared with a DOSE index score of 0-3, the hazard ratio for mortality was 3.48 (95% CI 2.32 to 5.22) for a score of 4-5, and was 8.00 (95% CI 4.67 to 13.7) for a score of 6-7. CONCLUSIONS The DOSE index is associated with mortality in COPD patients in primary and secondary care and can be used to assess prognosis in addition to other clinically relevant issues.
Modeling Landscape‐scale Erosion Potential Related to Vehicle Disturbances Along the USA–Mexico Border

Decades of intensive off‐road vehicle use for border security, immigration, smuggling, recreation, and military training along the USA–Mexico border have prompted concerns about long‐term human impacts on sensitive desert ecosystems. To help managers identify areas susceptible to soil erosion from anthropogenic activities, we developed a series of erosion potential models based on factors from the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). To better express the vulnerability of soils to human disturbances, we refined two factors whose categorical and spatial representations limit the application of the USLE for non‐agricultural landscapes: the C‐factor (vegetation cover) and the P‐factor (support practice/management). A soil compaction index (P‐factor) was calculated as the difference in saturated hydrologic conductivity (Ks) between disturbed and undisturbed soils, which was then scaled up to maps of vehicle disturbances digitized from aerial photography. The C‐factor was improved using a satellite‐based vegetation index, which was better correlated with estimated ground cover (r2 = 0·77) than data derived from land cover (r2 = 0·06). We identified 9,780 km of unauthorized off‐road tracks in the 2,800‐km2 study area. Maps of these disturbances, when integrated with soil compaction data using the USLE, provided landscape‐scale information on areas vulnerable to erosion from both natural processes and human activities and are detailed enough for adaptive management and restoration planning. The models revealed erosion potential hotspots adjacent to the border and within areas managed as critical habitat for the threatened flat‐tailed horned lizard and endangered Sonoran pronghorn. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphology and variations of glacial drainage basins in the King George Island ice field, Antarctica

Abstract A Système probatoire pour l’observation de la terre (SPOT) mosaic of King George Island, the largest (1250 Km2) of the South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica, shows its major morphological features. Three main ice domes and 70 glacier drainage basins, covering 92.7% of the King George Island area, strongly controlled by the subglacial morphology and drained by relatively fast-moving tidewater outlet glaciers, were delineated. A general retreat of ice fronts through four decades, more intensely on the eastern side of the island (to the Bransfield Strait), resulted in the loss of about 7% of the glacial cover area. Superficial snow fades were derived from SPOT multispectral imagery and, together with field observations, allowed the transient-snowline elevation to be obtained The latter is estimated to have risen from about 200-250 m in the mid-1950s to 300-350 m by 1988. Spot radio-echo sounding surveys give an overview of the bedrock morphology.
VYRD: verifYing concurrent programs by runtime refinement-violation detection

We present a runtime technique for checking that a concurrently-accessed data structure implementation, such as a file system or the storage management module of a database, conforms to an executable specification that contains an atomic method per data structure operation. The specification can be provided separately or a non-concurrent, "atomized" interpretation of the implementation can serve as the specification. The technique consists of two phases. In the first phase, the implementation is instrumented in order to record information into a log during execution. In the second, a separate verification thread uses the logged information to drive an instance of the specification and to check whether the logged execution conforms to it. We paid special attention to the general applicability and scalability of the techniques and to minimizing their concurrency and performance impact. The result is a lightweight verification method that provides a significant improvement over testing for concurrent programs.We formalize conformance to a specification using the notion of refinement: Each trace of the implementation must be equivalent to some trace of the specification. Among the novel features of our work are two variations on the definition of refinement appropriate for runtime checking: I/O and "view" refinement. These definitions were motivated by our experience with two industrial-scale concurrent data structure implementations: the Boxwood project, a B-link tree data structure built on a novel storage infrastructure [10] and the Scan file system [9]. I/O and view refinement checking were implemented as a verification tool named VRYD (VerifYing concurrent programs by Runtime Refinement-violation Detection). VYRD was applied to the verification of Boxwood, Java class libraries, and, previously, to the Scan filesystem. It was able to detect previously unnoticed subtle concurrency bugs in Boxwood and the Scan file system, and the known bugs in the Java class libraries and manually constructed examples. Experimental results indicate that our techniques have modest computational cost.
Endoscopic sinus surgery for medial orbital subperiosteal abscess in children.

OBJECTIVE To present our experience with endoscopically managed medial orbital subperiosteal abscess (MOSA) in children and to compare the results with external drainage of the abscess. METHODS A retrospective record review was conducted on 22 children with MOSA, of whom 6 underwent drainage by endoscopic sinus surgery (group 1) and 16 underwent external ethmoidectomy (group 2). MOSA was diagnosed by computed tomography of the orbits. RESULTS There were no postoperative sequelae in children treated endoscopically, in contrast to facial scarring, delayed healing, stitch abscess, unresolved diplopia, or recurrent periorbital cellulitis with or without subperiosteal abscess following external drainage. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were isolated in three children and one child in group 1, respectively, whereas the cultures were negative in the other two group 1 children who received antibiotics prior to admission. Streptococcus species were also the most common isolates in group 2 (50%), followed by H. influenzae (19%). The mean duration of postoperative healing was 4.2 +/- 1.9 days (range 2-7 days) in group 1 and 8.6 +/- 4.2 days (range 5-17) in group 2 (p = .005). The mean respective hospital stay was 6.0 +/- 2.0 days (range 4-9 days) and 9.9 +/- 4.2 days (range 5-18 days) (p = .02). One group 2 child with residual disease underwent revision external ethmoidectomy 5 weeks after the initial procedure. Recurrent periorbital cellulitis was successfully managed conservatively in two group 2 children, 3 and 10 months postoperatively in one child, and 3 months and 6 years postoperatively in the other. CONCLUSION We recommend exclusive use of an endoscopic approach for treating MOSA and saving external ethmoidectomy for drainage of superior orbital abscesses.
septicaemia in a young infant . Clostridium carnis causing Characteristics of a strain of

Clostridium carnis is a rare organism which is known to be an animal pathogen (Sompolinsky, 1950; Gianforte and Brown, 1958). In man it has occurred as a contaminant in war wounds (Hamilton, 1945; Greenberg, 1945; Lindberg, et al, 1955) and on occasions it has been recovered from the soil. In this paper we describe the features of a strain isolated from blood cultures of an 8-week-old boy who had severe gastroenteritis.