Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Volksonderwijs en Leerplicht: een historisch sociologisch onderzoek naar het ontstaan van de Nederlandse leerplicht 1860-1900

textabstractOur generation regards compulsary full-time education as an accomplishment of progressive forces in the 19th century. At the same time there is uncertainty about further raising the school reaving age and handling the growing number of school drop-outs. These various opinions raise questions about the origin, content and value of compulsary education. This study into the historical development of compulsary education in The Netherlands offers material for an evaluation of the concept. A characteristic of all modem nations is a system of universal, free and compulsary primary education. In North-America and Europe national or general education developed from commnal and class-based schools in the course of the 19th century. In most cases compulsary education was accepted somewhere between 1860 and 1920. However German and Scandinavian states had national regulations on compulsary school attendance dating back to the 18th century. When, in the 19th century, the concept of compulsary education was introduced by educationalists, it aroused initially much ideological controversy, as it was closely related to wider conflicts between modemising and traditional social forces over a system of state schooling. However, by the end of the century as campromises had been reached between these social farces and school attendance was at a high level, sophisticated laws on compulsary education found wide political support. This study on the development of compulsary education in The Netherlands between 1860-1900 deals primarily with the public debate on this subject, the wider ideological and political relations in which it was embedded, the influence of educationalists and the resulting Jegislation. The issues in the book are dealt with chronological, interspersed with thematic chapters: on the ideology of the important politica! movements ( chapters 4,5 en 6) and the normalisation of school-attendance (chapter 8).
Enhancing Direct Marketing using Data Mining: A Case of YAA Asantewaa Rural Bank Ltd. in Ghana

With fields like the banking industry, data are being generated massively on a regular basis. So Managers and Administrators are finding ways to turn these data into very valuable information. Marketing risk is one of the most serious problems of every bank. Fortunately, all marketing promotions are highly dependent on the data about customers stored in electronic format. Data mining, machine learning and artificial intelligence promise the use of models to go through and analyse huge data that are very difficult for human brains. This study is conducted to demonstrate with practical methods, experiments and dataset that data mining can be used to assist in direct marketing. The classifiers used are J48 decision tree and Naïve Bayes. The University of Waikato open source data mining software (Weka) is used to perform all the experiments. Confusion matrix is used to calculate the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity which are used to evaluate the performance of the classifiers. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves are also used to pictorially display the performance of the model. The results of the experiments show DT performs better than NB. It also denotes with high precision that the models can be used in detecting prospects for marketing campaigns. The decision tree and the
A Reevaluation of the Literature Regarding the Health Assessment of Diesel Engine Exhaust

While the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified diesel exhaust (DE) as a “probable” carcinogen in 1989 based primarily on “sufficient” animal data, other investigators have since concluded that the lung tumors found in the rat studies were a result of particle overloading. Subsequent health risk assessments of DE have not used the rat cancer data. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in developing its 2002 Health Assessment Document (HAD) for DE, primarily considered the epidemiology studies of railroad workers and truck drivers to develop health risk assessments of DE. However, both sets of epidemiology studies have serious weaknesses that make them unsuitable for cancer risk assessment. Major shortcomings were the lack of contemporaneous measurements of exposures to DE, difficulties with exposure history reconstruction, and adequately accounting for other exposures such as gasoline exhaust and cigarette smoke. To compound these problems, there was not, and there is still not, a specific exposure marker for DE. Interestingly, in the underground mining industry, where diesel exposures are much higher than observed in railroad workers and truck drivers, there was no increase in lung cancer. These problems and concerns led the U.S. EPA to conclude that while DE was a “likely” carcinogen, a unit risk value or range of risk cannot be calculated from existing data and that the risk could be zero. In addition, the DE emissions have changed and continue to change with the implementation of new emission control technologies. The HAD recognized this fact and noted that further studies are needed to assess new diesel engine emissions. Recent chemical characterization studies on low-emitting diesel engines with catalyzed particulate filters have shown emissions rates for several chemicals of concern that are even lower than comparable compressed natural gas (CNG)-fueled engines. With lower emissions, better fire safety, and improved cost-effectiveness of new low-emitting diesels compared to CNG, current efforts to restrict use of low-emitting diesels seems misguided.
The First 7 , 000 Years ~ ~ ~ of Soldering , Part I By

early a million years ago, mankind’s technological march through time beN gan after fire was mastered. Metalworking, which evolved into metallurgy, is the oldest and most successful technology. It spans at least 12,000 years (Figure 1). Soldering, a key metal joining technology, was probably developed about 7,000 years ago when lower melting, naturally occurring metal alloys were placed in the blowpipe-fanned fires of that day. * Early man used these precious metal alloys to join castings made of gold or silver. The earliest solders were based on gold and included gold alloys of silver or tin. All early metallurgy was developed in the name of art. The earliest solders, of course, were leadfree and environmentally friendly. The Romans developed soft solders for utilitarian purposes, such as plumbing, and these joining materials also found use in the artwork of the bronze age. They gave us eutectic tin-lead solder, which is now the workhorse alloy of modern electronic assembly (Figures 2, 3).
SOME GRAMMATICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LANGUAGE OF HUNGARIAN DOWN SYNDROME CHILDREN

The antioxidant is safe for human health, has excellent antioxidation activity and is suitably utilized for preventing oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, esters of unsaturated fatty acids and various kinds of products comprising these acids and esters. The oxidation resistant polyunsaturated oil is made by giving strong antioxidation activity to polyunsaturated oils, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, esters of polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fats. The antioxidant comprises musizin and tocopherol as the effective components. The oxidation resistant polyunsaturated oil and fat of the invention is characterized in that an antioxidant comprising musizin as the effective component is added to a polyunsaturated oil.
A visual workflow to explore the web of data for scholars

As the Web evolves in an integrated and interlinked knowledge space thanks to the growing amount of published Linked Open Data, the need to find solutions that enable the scholars to discover, explore and analyse the underlying research data emerges. Scholars, typically non-expert technology users, lack of in-depth understanding of the underlying semantic technology which limits their ability to interpret and query the data. We present a visual workflow to connect scholars and scientific resources on the Web of Data. We allow scholars to move from exploratory analysis in academic social networks to exposing relations between these resources. We allow them to reveal experts in a particular field and discover relations in and beyond their research communities. This paper aims to evaluate the potential of such a visual workflow to be used by non-expert users to interact with the semantically enriched data and familiarize with the underlying dataset.
Dynamics of Long-Term Colonization of Respiratory Tract by Haemophilus influenzae in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Shows a Marked Increase in Hypermutable Strains

ABSTRACT The persistence and variability of 188 Haemophilus influenzae isolates in respiratory tract of 30 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients over the course of 7 years was studied. Antibiotic susceptibility testing, DNA fingerprinting, and analysis of outer membrane protein profiles were performed on all isolates. A total of 115 distinct pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles were identified. Ninety percent of patients were cocolonized with two or more clones over the studied period. A third of the patients were cross-colonized with one or two H. influenzae strains; 11% of the clones persisted for 3 or more months. Biotype, outer membrane protein profiles, and resistance profiles showed variation along the studied period, even in persisting clones. Four isolates (2.1%) recovered from 3 patients were type f capsulate, with three of them belonging to the same clone. β-Lactamase production was detected in 23.9% of isolates while 7% of the β-lactamase-negative isolates presented diminished susceptibility to ampicillin (β-lactamase-negative ampicillin resistance phenotype). Remarkably, 21.3% of the H. influenzae isolates presented decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, which was mainly observed in persisting clones. Of the H. influenzae isolates from CF patients, 18 (14.5%) were found to be hypermutable in comparison with 1 (1.4%) from non-CF patients (P < 0.0001). Ten patients (33.3%) were colonized by hypermutable strains over the study period. A multiresistance phenotype and long-term clonal persistence were significantly associated in some cases for up to 7 years. These results suggest that H. influenzae bronchial colonization in CF patients is a dynamic process, but better-adapted clones can persist for long periods of time.
Effects of consanguineous marriage on reproductive behaviour, adverse pregnancy outcomes and offspring mortality in Oman

Background: The long tradition of high prevalence of consanguineous marriages in Omani society may have ramifications for reproductive behaviour and health of offspring. Aim: To examine the relevance of consanguinity to reproductive behaviour, adverse pregnancy outcome and offspring mortality in Oman. Subjects and methods: The data analysed came from the 2000 Oman National Health Survey. Selected indicators that are related to reproductive behaviour, adverse pregnancy outcome and offspring mortality were considered as explanatory variables. Various statistical methods and tests were used for data analysis. Results: Consanguineous marriage was found to be associated with lower age at first birth, higher preference for larger family size, lower level of husband–wife communication about use of family planning methods and lower rate of contraceptive use. Although bivariate analysis showed elevated fertility and childhood mortality among the women with consanguineous marriage, after controlling for relevant socio-demographic factors in multivariate analysis, fertility, childhood mortality and foetal loss showed no significant association with consanguinity in Oman. Conclusion: Consanguinity plays an important role in determining some of the aspects of reproduction and health of newborns, but did not show any detrimental effects on fertility and offspring mortality. The high level of consanguinity and its relevance to reproduction in Oman need to be considered in its public health strategy in a culturally acceptable manner.
The true face of JNK activation in apoptosis

Age‐associated changes in apoptotic rates have been observed in a number of different tissues. While the implications of these findings remain unclear, a better understanding of how apoptosis is regulated may further our understanding of the aging process. The role of the JNK pathway in apoptosis has been highly controversial with studies suggesting that it plays a pro‐apoptotic, anti‐apoptotic or no role in this process. Here we discuss what is currently known about JNK's role in apoptosis, highlighting recent findings regarding NF‐κB‐mediated inhibition of JNK activation and its impact on TNF‐α induced apoptosis.
Metabolic Response to Insulin Induced Hypoglycaemia in Lean and Obese Subjects

Metabolic response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia was examined in 8 lean and 11 obese subjects. The metabolic rate increased in lean and obese subjects during the hypoglycaemia. The mean response (as the sum of all the values above basal) was not significantly different between lean and obese subjects. The mean decrease in blood glucose and the mean hormonal response (increase in cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline) were not different between lean subjects and obese subjects. However, the metabolic response and noradrenaline response were variable in obese subjects and some obese subjects showed a poor response. These results suggest that in some obese subjects, there may be reduced thermogenic response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia.
Multiple Lyapunov Function Based Reaching Condition for Orbital Existence of Switching Power Converters

A methodology to analyze the reaching condition of a switching power converter (SPC) using Lyapunov's direct method and a piecewise linear model is outlined. By using a multiple Lyapunov function, the reaching criteria for orbital existence of a SPC is formulated as a linear matrix inequality that is solved using a convex optimization solver. Further, the criterion is modified to distinguish the different modes (i.e., sliding and asymptotic modes and combination of the two fundamental modes) of convergences of the reaching dynamics. The applicability of the reaching criteria for solving practical problems using case illustrations of dc-dc converters and three-phase dc-ac converters operating with different control and modulation techniques is demonstrated. The methodology developed in this paper can be potentially extended to other SPCs and may lead to the development of optimal-sequence control techniques that can dynamically change the mode and the rate of convergence of a SPC.
Redundant virtual machine placement for fault-tolerant consolidated server clusters

Consolidated server systems using server virtualization involves serious risks of host server failures that induce unexpected downs of all hosted virtual machines and applications. To protect applications requiring high-availability from unpredictable host server failures, redundant configuration using virtual machines can be an effective countermeasure. This paper presents a virtual machine placement method for establishing a redundant configuration against host server failures with less host servers. The proposed method estimates the requisite minimum number of virtual machines according to the performance requirements of application services and decides an optimum virtual machine placement so that minimum configurations survive at any k host server failures. The evaluation results clarify that the proposed method achieves requested fault-tolerance level with less number of hosting servers compared to the conventional N+M redundant configuration approach.
A survey of intranasal medication use in the paediatric emergency setting in England and Wales

For analgesia and sedation in the paediatric setting, intranasal medication is favourable for several reasons, in particular ease of administration and rapid onset of action. A survey was conducted of all Emergency Departments in England and Wales regarding their use of intranasal medication in children. Approximately 50% use intranasal medication, commonly intranasal diamorphine with sporadic use of other opiates. Intranasal midazolam is used for sedation but is less well tolerated than when administered orally. Intranasal diamorphine, however, is safe and effective in the management of pain in the paediatric emergency setting and its ease of administration makes it ideal for use in the already traumatised child.
LaPIe : Communications Collectives adaptées aux Grilles de Calcul

Avec la democratisation des environnements du type grappe et grille de calcul, la performance des operations de communication collective devient un aspect critique dans le cout total des applications paralleles. Fortement influencees par l'heterogeneite des ressources, ces operations dependent a la fois des parametres de communication des reseaux et des strategies de communication employees. Cette these a pour objet d'etude l'optimisation des communications collectives selon l'approche preconisee par Karonis, ou les differentes grappes de calcul sont organisees en plusieurs couches de communication de maniere a minimiser le temps total de communication. Pour cela, nous proposons des modeles de communications qui permettent l'optimisation des communications collectives a travers l'ordonnancement hierarchique des communications et la prediction des performances. Dans un premier temps, nous demontrons que l'utilisation du modele de cout pLogP permet la modelisation des performances de communications collectives dans des environnements homogenes. Ces modeles de performance ont ete valides experimentalement sur differentes plates-formes reseaux (Fast Ethernet, Giga Ethernet et Myrinet). Parallelement, nous etudions la decouverte automatique de la topologie du reseau. En effet, la decomposition de l'environnement de grille en ilots d'homogeneite permettrait la reduction de la complexite des optimisations, notamment dans ce qui concerne la modelisation des performances et l'obtention des caracteristiques du reseau. Notre principale contribution a ete de proposer certaines heuristiques d'ordonnancement des communications qui tiennent compte de l'organisation hierarchique de la grille. Ces heuristiques, adaptees aux differents patrons de communication collective, utilisent les techniques etudiees precedemment (dont la decouverte des ilots d'homogeneite et la modelisation des performances) afin de reduire la complexite de l'optimisation des communications et de minimiser le temps total de communication.
Buffering in query evaluation over XML streams

All known algorithms for evaluating advanced XPath queries (e.g., ones with predicates or with closure axes) on XML streams employ buffers to temporarily store fragments of the document stream. In many cases, these buffers grow very large and constitute a major memory bottleneck. In this paper, we identify two broad classes of evaluation problems that independently necessitate the use of large memory buffers in evaluation of queries over XML streams: (1) full-fledged evaluation (as opposed to just filtering) of queries with predicates; (2) evaluation (whether full-fledged or filtering) of queries with "multi-variate" predicates.We prove quantitative lower bounds on the amount of memory required in each of these scenarios. The bounds are stated in terms of novel document properties that we define. We show that these scenarios, in combination with query evaluation over recursive documents, cover the cases in which large buffers are required. Finally, we present algorithms that match the lower bounds for an important fragment of XPath.
Endothelin-1 Increases Glomerular Permeability and Inflammation Independent of Blood Pressure in the Rat

Endothelin (ET) 1 is a potent vasoactive peptide implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension and renal disease. The aim of the current study was to test the hypotheses that ET-1 increases albumin permeability of glomeruli isolated from normal rats and that chronic ET-1 infusion will increase glomerular permeability and inflammation independent of blood pressure. Glomerular permeability to albumin was determined from the change in glomerular volume induced by exposing isolated glomeruli to oncotic gradients. Incubation of glomeruli taken from normal rats with ET-1 at a concentration that did not produce direct glomerular contraction (1 nmol/L) significantly increased glomerular permeability to albumin, reaching a maximum after 4 hours. Chronic ET-1 infusion for 2 weeks in Sprague-Dawley rats significantly increased glomerular permeability to albumin and nephrin excretion rate, effects that were attenuated in rats given an ETA receptor antagonist (ABT-627, 5 mg/kg per day). Urinary protein and albumin excretion and mean arterial pressure (telemetry) were not changed by ET-1 infusion. Acute incubation of glomeruli isolated from ET-1–infused rats with the selective ETA antagonist significantly reduced glomerular permeability to albumin, an effect not observed with acute treatment with a selective ETB antagonist. Chronic ET-1 infusion increased glomerular and plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and elevated the number of macrophages and lymphocytes in renal cortices (ED-1 and CD3-positive staining, respectively). These effects were all attenuated in rats given an ETA selective antagonist. These data support the hypothesis that ET-1 directly increases glomerular permeability to albumin and renal inflammation via ETA receptor activation independent of changes in arterial pressure.
International Conference on Information Systems ( ICIS ) 1-1-2010 IDENTITY AND CROSS-CULTURAL MANAGEMENT IN GLOBALLY DISTRIBUTED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY WORK

An interpretive case study was conducted to examine how team members construct their identities and manage cultural differences in globally distributed information technology work. Research investigating globally distributed information technology work acknowledges the influence of culture on team members and their work activities, but issues of team members’ individual identity and agency are under explored. Guided by social identity theory, our research findings suggest four identity categories constructed by global virtual team members, which are affected by societal culture, organizational culture, individual experience, and structure of the globally distributed IT work. They are: national identity, organizational identity, individual identity, and power identity. Manifestation of each identity is discussed along with how the enactment of these identities affects the ways in which global virtual team members manage cultural differences.
CD4+CD25+ T Cells Prevent the Development of Organ-Specific Autoimmune Disease by Inhibiting the Differentiation of Autoreactive Effector T Cells

Thymic-derived, naturally occurring, CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (nTreg) are potent suppressors of immune responses. A detailed understanding of which components of the development and activation of pathogenic effector T cells are inhibited by nTreg during the course of T cell-mediated, organ-specific autoimmunity is as yet unknown. We have analyzed the effects of polyclonal nTreg on the development of autoimmune gastritis. The nTreg inhibited the development of disease, but failed to inhibit the migration of effector cells into the gastric lymph node or stomach. Notably, nTreg did not inhibit the expansion of autoreactive T cells in the gastric lymph node. The primary effect of nTreg appeared to be inhibition of differentiation of autoantigen-specific T cells to Th1 effector cells, as reflected by a decrease in Ag-stimulated IFN-γ production and a reduction in T-bet expression.