Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using multicast communications to distribute code and data in wide area networks

This paper describes the implementation and use of a prototype multicast late‐binding RPC (LbRPC) system. The system provides a mechanism for exporting arbitrary code and data across a wide area internetwork to multiple hosts for evaluation. This mechanism provides a means to ensure that the total execution time for the application is as small as possible without requiring continual monitoring and estimation of the state of the hosts and the intervening network. The impact of sending the same code and data to a group of remote hosts is minimized by using multicast Internet protocol (IP) communications for the outward leg of the transaction. This prototype implementation demonstrates the feasibility of using multicasting for process placement and some performance measurements are included to show how it stands up to usage on the Internet. The paper concludes with a discussion of outstanding issues raised by this research.
Collision-Free Navigation for Blind Persons using Stereo Matching

A blind person in an urban environment has to navigate around obstacles and hazards. Though a significant amount of work has been done on detecting obstacles, not much attention has been given to the detection of drop offs, e.g., sidewalk curbs, downward stairs, and other hazards where an error could lead to disastrous consequences. In this paper, we propose algorithms for detecting obstacles in an urban setting using stereo vision and Two-Stage Dynamic Programming (TSDP) technique. We are developing computer vision algorithms for sensing important terrain features as an aid to blind navigation, which interpret visual information obtained from images collected by cameras mounted on camera legs nearly as high as young person. This paper focuses specifically on a novel computer vision algorithm for detecting obstacles, which are important and ubiquitous features on and near sidewalks and other walkways. A fast and robust stereo matching algorithm is proposed that uses only features in order to find a semi-dense disparity map. It works by growing from a small set of correspondence seeds. In this paper we use Normalized Cross-correlation (NCC) function matching with a 5 × 5 window and prepare an edge detected matching table τ and start growing disparity components by drawing a seed s from S which is computed using Sobel edge detector, and adding it to τ. It results in high accuracy and performance. The obstacle identified in the proposed method which appears in the disparity map enters the phase of depth computing. The algorithm extracts as much information as possible from depth information obtained from a stereo system. The proposed method is tested on a Pentium 4 Dual CPU 2.00 GHz PC with 2.00 GB of RAM and achieves better RMS error and bad matching percentage compared to previous methods. Experimental results are demonstrated on typical sidewalk scenes to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Multimodal biometrics by integrating fingerprint and palmprint for security

Multimodal Biometrics there is a combination of different biometric modalities. In most biometric systems from real world applications uses a single source of biometric modality for authentication that is only a single fingerprint, palm print, face, voice or iris which is known as unimodal biometrics. Some of the drawbacks from unimodal biometrics are eliminated by combining information from multiple biometrics systems for unique personal identity. This paper gives a multimodal biometrics system that combines features of fingerprint and palm print to overcome several limitations of unimodal biometrics. Preprocessing is a heart of image processing in which feature enhancement is prior step, in this system feature enhancement of input image that is fingerprint and palm print are performed by applying a series of preprocessing techniques. Modified Gabor filter is used to independently extract a fingerprint and palmprint feature which provides more accuracy as compared to traditional Gabor filter In addition to this Short Time Fourier transformation is applied for better quality of resultant images. In the later step the resultant images are combined in feature level fusion method and finally using Euclidean distance method the features are classified to match the resultant image with database template. We conclude that proposed methodology has better performance as compared to unimodal approaches using individually only a fingerprint or a palm print. The multiple biometrics helps to reduce the system error rate.
Ionic Liquid-Doped Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Flexible Lithium-Ion Polymer Batteries

Application of gel polymer electrolytes (GPE) in lithium-ion polymer batteries can address many shortcomings associated with liquid electrolyte lithium-ion batteries. Due to their physical structure, GPEs exhibit lower ion conductivity compared to their liquid counterparts. In this work, we have investigated and report improved ion conductivity in GPEs doped with ionic liquid. Samples containing ionic liquid at a variety of volume percentages (vol %) were characterized for their electrochemical and ionic properties. It is concluded that excess ionic liquid can damage internal structure of the batteries and result in unwanted electrochemical reactions; however, samples containing 40–50 vol % ionic liquid exhibit superior ionic properties and lower internal resistance compared to those containing less or more ionic liquids.
Detection of [N II] λ5755 Emission from Low-Density Ionized Interstellar Gas

The extremely faint, temperature-sensitive "auroral" emission line [N II] λ5755 has been detected from the low-density ionized gas along the sight line toward l = 130. °0, b = -7. °5 using the Wisconsin Hα Mapper. The intensity of this emission line, relative to the red nebular line [N II] λ6584, is found to be twice that observed in bright, classical H II regions surrounding O stars. This implies that the electron temperature of the ionized gas along this sight line is about 2000 K higher than the H II regions and that the enhanced [N II] λ6584/Hα and [S II] λ6716/Hα intensity ratios in this low-density gas are due at least in part to an elevated temperature.
Impact of Head Rotation on the Individualized Common Carotid Flow and Carotid Bifurcation Hemodynamics

This paper aims at evaluating the changes that head rotation poses on morphological and flow characteristics of the carotid bifurcation (CB) and on the distribution of parameters that are regarded as important in atherosclerosis development, such as relative particle residence time (RRT), normalized oscillatory shear index (nOSI), and helicity (HL). Using a subject-specific approach, six healthy volunteers were MR-scanned in two head postures: supine neutral and prone with rightward head rotation. Cross-sectional flow velocity distribution was obtained using phase-contrast MRI at the common carotid artery (CCA). Our results indicate that peak systolic flow rate is reduced at the prone position in most cases for both CCAs. Morphological MR images are used to segment and construct the CB models. Numerical simulations are performed and areas exposed to high helicity or unfavorable hemodynamics are calculated. Head rotation affects the instantaneous spatial extent of high helicity regions. Posture-related observed differences in the distribution of nOSI and RRT suggest that inlet flow waveform tends to moderate geometry-induced changes in the qualitative and quantitative distribution of atherosclerosis-susceptible wall regions. Overall, presented results indicate that an individualized approach is required to fully assess the postural role in atherosclerosis development and in complications arising in stenotic and stented vessels.
Accumulation of High-Value Lipids in Single-Cell Microorganisms: A Mechanistic Approach and Future Perspectives

In recent years attention has been focused on the utilization of microorganisms as alternatives for industrial and nutritional applications. Considerable research has been devoted to techniques for growth, extraction, and purification of high-value lipids for their use as biofuels and biosurfactants as well as high-value metabolites for nutrition and health. These successes argue that the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the microbial biosynthesis of such molecules, which are far from being completely understood, now will yield spectacular opportunities for industrial scale biomolecular production. There are important additional questions to be solved to optimize the processing strategies to take advantage of the assets of microbial lipids. The present review describes the current state of knowledge regarding lipid biosynthesis, accumulation, and transport mechanisms present in single-cell organisms, specifically yeasts, microalgae, bacteria, and archaea. Similarities and differences in biochemical pathways and strategies of different microorganisms provide a diverse toolset to the expansion of biotechnologies for lipid production. This paper is intended to inspire a generation of lipid scientists to insights that will drive the biotechnologies of microbial production as uniquely enabling players of lipid biotherapeutics, biofuels, biomaterials, and other opportunity areas into the 21st century.
Automated wire fault location using impedance spectroscopy and Differential Evolution

A new technique is proposed to detect and locate wire fault using impedance spectroscopy (IS) and a model-based global optimization technique. The propagation along the cables is analytical modeled with flexible multi section cascading features by frequency dependent ABCD parameters. Therefore, it doesn't have the common numerical method problems for instance using finite element method (FEM) or finite difference in time domain (FDTD), in which the simulation time is linear or proportional to the wiring length and complexity of the transmission line systems. The transmission line model has been setting as the same spectrum as the measured input impedance of the transmission line system using impedance spectroscopy so that same practical effects such as signal loss, dispersion and frequency dependent signal propagation can be exactly incorporated. Therefore, there is good matching between simulation and measurement data and consequently the optimization technique has a fast convergence and best accuracy. Differential Evolution (DE) is used to solve the inverse problem. The novel method allows locating hard (short and open circuit) and soft (frays, junctions) faults and measuring the impedance of wire fault and consequently the types of wire fault can be distinguished. The developed method is also for characterization of defects in the branches of network. Results are presented to validate and illustrate the performance of this proposed method.
The role of marine reserves in achieving sustainable fisheries

Many fishery management tools currently in use have conservation value. They are designed to maintain stocks of commercially important species above target levels. However, their limitations are evident from continuing declines in fish stocks throughout the world. We make the case that to reverse fishery declines, safeguard marine life and sustain ecosystem processes, extensive marine reserves that are off limits to fishing must become part of the management strategy. Marine reserves should be incorporated into modern fishery management because they can achieve many things that conventional tools cannot. Only complete and permanent protection from fishing can protect the most sensitive habitats and vulnerable species. Only reserves will allow the development of natural, extended age structures of target species, maintain their genetic variability and prevent deleterious evolutionary change from the effects of fishing. Species with natural age structures will sustain higher rates of reproduction and will be more resilient to environmental variability. Higher stock levels maintained by reserves will provide insurance against management failure, including risk–prone quota setting, provided the broader conservation role of reserves is firmly established and legislatively protected. Fishery management measures outside protected areas are necessary to complement the protection offered by marine reserves, but cannot substitute for it.
Pentraxin 3(PTX 3): An Endogenous Modulator of the Inflammatory Response

Inflammatory or anti-inflammatory? That is the question as far as the acute-phase response and its mediators, the pentraxins, are concerned. Only some ten years ago, the classical or short pentraxin C-reactive protein and the newly discovered long pentraxin PTX3 were considered to exert most of the detrimental effects of acute inflammation, whether microbial or sterile in origin. However, accumulating evidence suggests an at least dichotomous, context-dependent outcome attributable to the pentraxins, if not a straightforward anti-inflammatory nature of the acute-phase response. This paper is focused on the inherent effects of pentraxin 3 in inflammatory responses, mainly in coronary artery disease and in Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Both are examples of inflammatory reactions in which PTX3 is substantially involved; the former sterile, the latter infectious in origin. Apart from different inducing noxae, similarities in the pathogenesis of the two are striking. All the same, the introductory question still persists: is the ultimate impact of PTX3 in these conditions inflammatory or anti-inflammatory, paradoxical as the latter might appear? We try to provide an answer such as it emerges in the light of recent findings.
Serious games & GamerGate: The myth of an online egalitarian utopia

Online socialisation is ubiquitous in daily life. This socialisation has the potential to reproduce or challenge offline inequalities. Gender inequality is one facet of offline socialisation that is transferred online. Using the recent GamerGate phenomenon, this paper examines online gender inequality, harassment, and agency through a feminist lens. GamerGate emerged online through blogs, with social media such as twitter providing evidence that dominant, aggressive male privilege manifests online, while simultaneously providing women the space to exercise agency and collectively resist. This paper explores GamerGate in relation to wider gender inequality and harassment online as well as the importance of online social interactions for feminist activism and collective identity. GamerGate showcases male dominance online and the ways women employ feminism to collectively resist harassment and support each other in the face of inequality.
A Typology of Childhood Sibling Subsystems That May Emerge in Abusive Family Systems

Approximately 90% of the American population has grown up with at least one sibling, and this is often the longest lasting relationship most people will have in their lives (Milevsky, 2011). Yet, the sibling literature is still burgeoning and significant gaps exist regarding ways that the sibling subsystem may be affected by intrafamilial abuse. The current article examines sibling roles, relationships, and functions through the lens of family systems theory and gives an overview of research conducted on siblings, with special focus on studies about siblings in abusive families. We then propose a theoretical typology of sibling subsystems that may develop in an abusive family system. Implications for research, theory, and clinical practice are discussed.
Genetic algorithm approach to nonlinear blind source separation

This paper proposes the fusion of two important paradigms, Genetic Algorithms and the Blind Separation of Sources in Nonlinear Mixtures (GABSS). Although the topic of BSS, by means of various techniques, including ICA, PCA, and neural networks, has been amply discussed in the literature, the possibility of using genetic algorithms has not been explored thus far. However, in Nonlinear Mixtures, optimization of the system parameters and, especially, the search for invertible functions is very difficult due to the existence of many local minima. From experimental results, this paper demonstrates the possible benefits offered by GAs in combination with BSS, such as robustness against local minima, the parallel search for various solutions, and a high degree of flexibility in the evaluation function.
Confidence Intervals for the Mutual Information

By combining a bound on the absolute value of the difference of mutual information between two joint probablity distributions with a fixed variational distance, and a bound on the probability of a maximal deviation in variational distance between a true joint probability distribution and an empirical joint probability distribution, confidence intervals for the mutual information of two random variables with finite alphabets are established. Different from previous results, these intervals do not need any assumptions on the distribution and the sample size.
Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade

that restrict trade between countries in agricultural commodities. Many of these policies are now subject to important disciplines under the 1994 GATT agreement that is administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO). The paper is organized as follows. First, tariffs, import quotas, and tariff rate quotas are discussed. Then, a series of non-tariff barriers to trade are examined, including voluntary export restraints, technical barriers to trade, domestic content regulations, import licensing, the operations of import State Trading Enterprises (STEs), and exchange rate management policies. Finally, the precautionary principle, an environment-related rationale for trade restrictions, and sanitary and phytosanitary barriers to trade are discussed. Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade
Whole-exome sequencing to identify somatic mutations in peritoneal metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma: A preliminary study

Peritoneal metastasis occurs in more than half of patients with unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer and is associated with the worst prognosis. The associated genomic events and pathogenesis remain ambiguous. The aim of the present study was to characterize the mutation spectrum of gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis and provide a basis for the identification of new biomarkers and treatment targets. Matched pairs of normal gastric mucosa and peritoneal tissue and matched pairs of primary tumor and peritoneal metastasis were collected from one patient for whole-exome sequencing (WES); Sanger sequencing was employed to confirm the somatic mutations. G>A and C>T mutations were the two most frequent transversions among the somatic mutations. We confirmed 48somatic mutations in the primary site and 49 in the peritoneal site. Additionally, 25 non-synonymous somatic variations (single-nucleotide variants, SNVs) and 2 somatic insertions/deletions (INDELs) were confirmed in the primary tumor, and 30 SNVs and 5 INDELs were verified in the peritoneal metastasis. Approximately 59% of the somatic mutations were shared between the primary and metastatic site. Five genes (TP53, BAI1, THSD1, ARID2, and KIAA2022) verified in our study were also mutated at a frequency greater than 5%in the COSMIC database. We also identified 9genes (ERBB4, ZNF721, NT5E, PDE10A, CA1, NUMB, NBN, ZFYVE16, and NCAM1) that were only mutated in metastasis and are expected to become treatment targets. In conclusion, we observed that the majority of the somatic mutations in the primary site persisted in metastasis, whereas several single-nucleotide polymorphisms occurred de novo at the second site.
Leveraging metadata for identifying local, robust multi-variate temporal (RMT) features

Many applications generate and/or consume multi-variate temporal data, yet experts often lack the means to adequately and systematically search for and interpret multi-variate observations. In this paper, we first observe that multi-variate time series often carry localized multi-variate temporal features that are robust against noise. We then argue that these multi-variate temporal features can be extracted by simultaneously considering, at multiple scales, temporal characteristics of the time-series along with external knowledge, including variate relationships, known a priori. Relying on these observations, we develop algorithms to detect robust multi-variate temporal (RMT) features which can be indexed for efficient and accurate retrieval and can be used for supporting analysis tasks, such as classification. Experiments confirm that the proposed RMT algorithm is highly effective and efficient in identifying robust multi-scale temporal features of multi-variate time series.
A New Measure of Classifier Performance for Gene Expression Data

One of the major aims of many microarray experiments is to build discriminatory diagnosis and prognosis models. A large number of supervised methods have been proposed in literature for microarray-based classification for this purpose. Model evaluation and comparison is a critical issue and, the most of the time, is based on the classification cost. This classification cost is based on the costs of false positives and false negative, that are generally unknown in diagnostics problems. This uncertainty may highly impact the evaluation and comparison of the classifiers. We propose a new measure of classifier performance that takes account of the uncertainty of the error. We represent the available knowledge about the costs by a distribution function defined on the ratio of the costs. The performance of a classifier is therefore computed over the set of all possible costs weighted by their probability distribution. Our method is tested on both artificial and real microarray data sets. We show that the performance of classifiers is very depending of the ratio of the classification costs. In many cases, the best classifier can be identified by our new measure whereas the classic error measures fail.
Electronics Testing , LArSoft Analysis , and Data Acquisition for MicroBooNE

This paper presents a variety of projects completed for the neutrino group at Nevis Labs. MicroBooNE electronics are tested including gain of phototubes, and a study of splitter reflection between the phototube, signal shaper. LArSoft analysis is presented for cluster reconstruction algorithms on whole detector simulation. Two clustering algorithms are compared. Visible energy reconstruction is also studied. Data acquisition software and hardware for photomultipliers are calibrated for the MicroBooNE optical system.
Thermal Analysis and Interpolation Techniques for a Logic + WideIO Stacked DRAM Test Chip

Self-heating and high-operating temperature are major concerns in 3-D-chip integration. In this paper, we leverage a 3-D test chip (WideIO dynamic random access memory on top of a logic die) equipped with temperature sensors and heaters to explore thermal effects and to develop advanced thermal modeling strategies suitable for complex 3-D-stacked circuits. We correlate temperature measurements with the power dissipated by the heaters using model learning techniques. Moreover, we defined a thermal basis function obtained using power and thermal data available from the on-chip sensors. This function can be used to predict temperatures at chip locations far from the temperature sensors and to infer the power dissipation at any location of the chip. In addition, the same thermal basic function can be used jointly with formal interpolation frameworks like radial basis function methods to effectively estimate the full-chip thermal map. Results show that this methodology outperforms existing interpolation approaches for sparse integrated sensors.