Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early pine root anatomy and primary and lateral root formation are affected by container size: implications in dry-summer climates

Although the presence of root anatomical structures of young Pinus ponderosa seedlings grown in containers of contrasting volume (164 vs. 7000 cm3) was similar, seedlings reared 60 days in the large container had more vascular cambium although the xylem thickness was similar. In addition, seedlings in large containers had nearly twice as many resin ducts within the vascular cambium as their cohorts in small containers. Taproot length closely matched container depth. Though lateral root emission rates were similar between container sizes, large container seedlings had more than 2X the number of lateral roots as those from small containers. These differences in morphophysiological characteristics may be important to seedling establishment on sites that experience dry summer conditions, or for seedlings destined to drier, harsher sites. Further work to elucidate the ramifications of these morphophysiological differences on seedling establishment is warranted.
Investigation of Burnout Levels and Reasons of Teachers Teaching Languages (Language Trainers) to Foreign Primary School Students

the Integration of Syrian Children into the Turkish Education System (PIKTES). The study was conducted with mixed method. Quantitative data were collected through personal information form and Maslack Burnout Inventory (MBI), while qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Nonparametric tests were used to analyze quantitative data, and thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The sample of the study consists of 301 Turkish language instructors from different cities and branches, who were determined by simple random sampling method, one of the probability sampling methods. According to the findings of the research, as a result of quantitative data analysis, it was determined that Turkish Language Teachers were moderately exhausted in the emotional exhaustion sub-dimension, highly exhausted in the depersonalization sub-dimension and low in the personal accomplishment sub-dimension. It was found that the burnout levels of Turkish language instructors differed significantly in the sub-dimensions of the scale according to their views on age, branch and workload, but did not differ significantly according to the number of students. As a result of the qualitative analyses, Turkish language instructors stated that the fact that they were working under the labor law within the scope of PIKTES negatively affected them emotionally and that there were cases where they received negative reactions from their colleagues and supervisors. It was concluded that working with foreign national students negatively affected them physically and emotionally and that PIKTES had a negative impact on their motivation due to working conditions.
The Relationship of Personal Hygiene Knowledge in the Incidence of Vaginal Discharge A Systematic Review of Cross-Sectional Studies

Genital hygiene is an important part of a woman's health and important for protecting reproductive health. Women engage in many genital hygiene practices that have direct and indirect effects on the genitals and the potential for sexually transmitted infections. Every year, around 100 million women worldwide are affected by genital infections which can cause vaginitis, cervicitis, and urethritis, and trichomoniasis (Shah et al., 2019). Young women alone already have an estimated incidence of vaginitis of 10-25% (Tavani et al., 2015). This systematic literature review aims to present a systematic review of the relationship between personal hygiene in maintaining vulvar hygiene and leucorrhoea. The population is women of various age ranges. To present a systematic review of cross-sectinal approaches with 8 journals from 2016 to 2022. The results of the study (Prasanthi et al., 2017) for knowledge about vaginal discharge, 98.5% obtained <50% and only 8 (1.5% ) which has a score between 50% -75%. The conclusion of various cross-sectional studies has provided evidence that there is a lack of knowledge about personal hygiene for vaginal discharge among women of childbearing age. The findings of this study provide an insight that knowledge of personal hygiene on vaginal discharge in the productive age group must be increased and as health workers provide more information or education to women about vaginal discharge to improve their quality of life.
Growth of chum salmon in relation to population abundance and climate in the eastern North Pacific Ocean and the recruitment of Pollock in the eastern Bering Sea

Global climate change is expected to change the distribution and growth of marine species. Therefore, understanding how climate, ocean productivity, and population abundance affect the dynamics of marine species will help predict how growth and recruitment of marine species will respond to future changes in climatic and oceanic conditions. Statistically significant intertemporal correlations have been observed between a variety of environmental factors and recruitment, growth, mortality, and abundance of fish populations. However, because these correlative relationships are not reflective of the actual biophysical processes, the relationships can break down, particularly when used for forecasting. Failure of these simple correlative relationships motivates the search for biological indicators that integrate ocean productivity across ecological dimensions and through time. Measured distances along Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) scale radii and associated body morphology were used to construct time series of Chum Salmon growth and, by extension, time series of productivity of those ecological domains salmon have exploited. Seasonal and annual marine growth of Chum Salmon from Fish Creek, Alaska and Quilcene River, Washington were examined in relation to population abundances and climate indices, 1972–2004. Final body size at maturity of these Chum Salmon was associated with variation in immature growth incurred while in oceanic waters. Density-dependent effects and climate explained some of the variation in growth but did not account for the entire increase in size at maturity in the mid-1990s. In the Bering Sea, Chum Salmon growth was assessed as an indicator for the recruitment of Walleye Pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) to age-1 in an effort to
Should flood regimes change in a warming climate? The role of antecedent moisture conditions

Assessing changes to flooding is important for designing new and redesigning existing infrastructure to withstand future climates. While there is speculation that floods are likely to intensify in the future, this question is often difficult to assess due to inadequate records on streamflow extremes. An alternate way of determining possible extreme flooding is through assessment of the two key factors that lead to the intensification of floods: the intensification of causative rainfall and changes in the wetness conditions prior to rainfall. This study assesses global changes in the antecedent wetness prior to extreme rainfall. Our results indicate a significant increase in the antecedent moisture in Australia and Africa over the last century; however, there was also a decrease in Eurasia and insignificant change in North America. Given the nature of changes found in this study, any future flood assessment for global warming conditions should take into account antecedent moisture conditions.
Point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communications

A network, such as wired and/or wireless LAN, is configured to have both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections. The point-to-multipoint connection(s) is used to communicate information between a plurality of the stations (or modem, or transceivers) in the network, whereas the point-to-point connection(s) are used to communicate information between only 2 stations in the network with the ability to, for example, maximize performance (rate/reach/BER/latency/etc) between those two stations. A master station allocates one or more frequency bands to the various point-to-multipoint and point-to-point connections.
Current Study on Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease

This paper emphasizes the evolution and application of neural electrical stimulation in the context of Parkinson's disease. During the last several decades, Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has become a highly successful viable treatment choice for patients with advanced stages of PD and other motor disorders. DBS utilizes a device similar to a pacemaker to administer constant electrical signals to targeted regions within the brain to help patient relieve the symptoms. The DBS has been involved in the rehabilitation process of more than 80000 people, and most of them are patients with PD. Based on the specific symptoms show by patients, several targets have been approved as effective DBS targets for patients with PD. These include subthalamic nucleus (STN), globus pallidus internus (GPi), ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim), and pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN). Hence, understanding the applications and evolution of DBS techniques have significant importance for future studies of PD and brain functions.
Implantation ionique d'hydrogène et d'hélium à basse énergie dans le silicium monocristallin

L'implantation d'hydrogene a forte dose est utilisee dans le procede Smart Cut(tm) afin de transferer des couches de silicium assez epaisses (>200 nm) sur un autre substrat. En utilisant l'implantation a tres basse energie, la co-implantation d'H et d'He pour des doses totales bien plus faibles que celles requises lorsque l'hydrogene est implante seul ouvre la voie a un transfert de couches beaucoup plus minces (< 50 nm). Cependant, les phenomenes mis en jeu ainsi que les mecanismes responsables de l'interaction, pres de la surface libre du wafer, entre l'H et l'He, et les interstitiels et les lacunes qu'ils generent, restent a ce jour largement incompris. Dans ce travail, nous avons tout d'abord determine l'effet de la reduction des energies d'implantation d'H et d'He sur la formation et le developpement, lors d'un recuit, des cloques qui se forment a partir de micro-fissures en l'absence d'un raidisseur colle a la plaque implantee. Une approche basee sur la comparaison entre les caracteristiques dimensionnelles des cloques obtenues experimentalement et la simulation par elements finis, nous a permis de determiner la pression et la quantite d'He et d'H2 hebergees dans ces cloques. En comparant ces resultats avec les doses d'ions implantees, nous avons pu mettre en evidence l'absence d'exo-diffusion d'He et d'H lors d'un recuit quelle que soit la distance entre la surface et les profils d'ions implantes, qui montre une forte efficacite des cloques a preserver les molecules. Nous avons pu identifier, puis expliquer, la difference en efficacite de coalescence des cloques en fonction de leurs positions en profondeur en la reliant a la variation de l'augmentation d'energie elastique des cloques par rapport a leur surface. Nous avons ensuite etudie le role du dommage ionique, c'est-a-dire des defauts resultants de la co-implantation d'He et d'H, sur la formation et l'evolution thermique de la microstructure du silicium implante. Cette etude a ete menee soit en fonction de l'ordre d'implantation, soit en fonction de la position nominale en profondeur du profil d'He par rapport au profil d'H, soit en fonction du ratio entre les doses d'implantation d'He et d'H. Nous avons montre que la distribution en profondeur de l'H n'est jamais affectee par la co-implantation d'He. L'He est toujours piege dans la zone ou le dommage est maximal. Lorsque le dommage est maximal dans la zone du profil d'H, l'He y diffuse et y est piege dans des nano-bulles et/ou des microfissures. Mais si le dommage genere dans la zone ou est distribue l'He est superieur a celui genere autour du profil d'H, l'He reste piege en dehors du profil d'H dans des nano-bulles. L'He contenue dans des nano-bulles, quelle que soit leur distribution en profondeur, ne contribue pas a la pressurisation des cloques ce qui ralenti la coalescence des cloques. Finalement, nous avons pu proposer differents scenarii permettant de rendre compte des similarites et des differences mises en evidence tant avant recuit qu'apres recuit, a basse ou plus haute temperature selon le type d'implantation realise.
Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Activities of the Fruit of Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel.) Bullock and In Silico Identification of Its Antidiabetic Agent

The study investigated the antidiabetic potentials of the fruit extract of Parquetina nigrescens with the aim of justifying its folkloric antidiabetic usage in some part of Nigeria. Acute toxicity test of the plant extract was assessed using Lorke’s method. Its antidiabetic activities were assayed in α-amylase, α-glucosidase, glucose, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats’ models at various doses with acarbose and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) as positive controls. Molecular docking studies were performed to identify the antidiabetic constituent of the extract and elucidate its possible mechanism of action. The estimated median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was above 5000 mg/kg. In the α-amylase, α-glucosidase study, the extract elicited concentration-dependent activity similar to acarbose. In the glucose-induced hyperglycaemic model, 200 mg/kg of the extract was the most effective dose with comparable (P > .05) antihyperglycaemic activity to glibenclamide (5 mg kg) at 1 to 4 h. Also in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats model, 100 and 200 mg/kg of the extract gave comparable (P > 0.05) activity on days 4 to 14 that were significantly better than that of glibenclamide on days 4 to 7. The n-hexane and ethylacetate fractions of the extract, both at 200 mg/kg were the most active with comparable activity to glibenclamide at all time points. The molecular docking studies identified isorhoifolin as the best binder against alpha amylase with binding energy (−9.1 kcal/mol), alpha glucosidase (−9.4 kcal/mol), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (−9.5 kcal/mol), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (−10.3 kcal/mol), 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (−10.8 kcal/mol), and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (−9.4 kcal/mol). The results of the antidiabetic study of P nigrescence fruit extract justified its usage in ethnomedicne in diabetes management.
Fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Pixel Classification in Historical Document Images

Fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Pixel Classification in Historical Document Images Seth Andrew Stewart Department of Computer Science, BYU Master of Science We use a Fully Convolutional Neural Network (FCNN) to classify pixels in historical document images, enabling the extraction of high-quality, pixel-precise and semantically consistent layers of masked content. We also analyze a dataset of hand-labeled historical form images of unprecedented detail and complexity. The semantic categories we consider in this new dataset include handwriting, machine-printed text, dotted and solid lines, and stamps. Segmentation of document images into distinct layers allows handwriting, machine print, and other content to be processed and recognized discriminatively, and therefore more intelligently than might be possible with content-unaware methods. We show that an efficient FCNN with relatively few parameters can accurately segment documents having similar textural content when trained on a single representative pixel-labeled document image, even when layouts differ significantly. In contrast to the overwhelming majority of existing semantic segmentation approaches, we allow multiple labels to be predicted per pixel location, which allows for direct prediction and reconstruction of overlapped content. We perform an analysis of prevalent pixel-wise performance measures, and show that several popular performance measures can be manipulated adversarially, yielding arbitrarily high measures based on the type of bias used to generate the ground-truth. We propose a solution to the gaming problem by comparing absolute performance to an estimated human level of performance. We also present results on a recent international competition requiring the automatic annotation of billions of pixels, in which our method took first place.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Cardiotoxicity in Elderly Cancer Patients

Background: Cancer and heart disease are the leading causes of death in older adults. Cardiotoxicity of anticancer agents may lead to under-treatment of elderly patients, resulting in suboptimal outcomes. Aim: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of cardiotoxicity in elderly patients with cancer. Patients and Methods: The study sample included one hundred (100) elderly subjects, both males and females, aged sixty years and above. The study participants were subjected to the following: comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), laboratory work-up (fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, and C-reactive protein), electrocardiography (ECG), and echocardiography (ECHO). Results: The prevalence of cardiotoxicity (any pattern) was 57%. Patients who experienced cardiotoxicity were older, had higher smoking index, lower body mass index, and longer cancer duration. They had higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia and had higher mean level of C-reactive protein. Participants who had received certain chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., Anthracycline), certain targeted therapy agents (e.g., Pertuzumab); and those who received radiotherapy (delivered to the chest) were more liable for cardiotoxicity. Cardiotoxicity was associated with malnutrition, depression and functional decline of the affected patients. Conclusion : Cardiotoxicity is common in elderly patients with cancer. It is associated with certain risk factors; such as smoking, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, malnutrition and certain anticancer treatments. Comprehensive geriatric assessment is essential in the management of elderly cancer patients.
A Physically Based Terrain Morphology and Vegetation Structural Classification for Wetlands of the Boreal Plains, Alberta, Canada

Abstract The objective of this study is to test a cost-effective, physically based Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) classification methodology for wetland and upland land cover types within an area exceeding 1,000 km2 in the Boreal Plains, Alberta, Canada. Decision criteria are based on physical attributes of the landscape that influence maintenance of land cover types. Results are compared with 38 geolocated measurement plots at land cover boundaries and transition zones, manual delineation of 2,337 wetlands using photogrammetric methods and publicly available land cover classifications. Results suggest that 57% of LiDAR-based wetland classes correspond with delineated wetlands, whereas 37% occur as errors of commission due to excluded wetlands in the manual delineation and confusion with harvested areas. Comparison of classified edges with plot shows that all classifications underestimate wetland area. Residual differences of the LiDAR-based classification are −0.3 m, on average (compared with measured), and have reduced range of error compared with other methods. Multispectral classifications misclassify up to 2/3 of wetland boundaries as a result of lower-resolution mixed pixels. Therefore, high-resolution maps of terrain morphology and vegetation structure provide an accurate, cost-effective means for characterizing wetland vs. upland forest in areas where LiDAR data are available.
The Therapeutic Effect and Potential Application of Psilocybin

Mental illness is a hot topic of concern worldwide. The psilocybin has great potential in the treatment of mental disorders, but there is still a research gap on whether it can truly be applied in the treatment of mental disorders. Therefore, this research explores the feasibility of psilocybin’s true application in the treatment of mental disorders by collecting relevant literature on its experiments in recent years, analyzing the data and experimental results in detail. Research has found that in the treatment of mental disorders, psilocybin does have significant effects compared to traditional drugs. Psilocybin’s role is more pronounced in cancer patients with more severe and complex mental disorders, greatly reducing their depression index and effectively controlling the condition of substance abuse patients. And through popular science, some healthcare professionals who care for patients with eating disorders hope to apply psilocybin for treatment. Psilocybin also does have certain unresolved side effects. Overall, from a scientific perspective, psilocybin can indeed effectively treat mental illnesses, and morally speaking, healthcare professionals are willing to introduce psilocybin into the treatment of patients with mental illnesses. One day, when psilocybin is widely used to treat mental illnesses, it will be a significant progress in medical history.
A Simulation and Validation of CLM during Freeze-Thaw on the Tibetan Plateau

The applicability of a new soil hydraulic property of frozen soil scheme applied in Community Land Model 4.5 (CLM4.5), in conjunction with an impedance factor for the presence of soil ice, was validated through two offline numerical simulations conducted at Madoi (GS) and Zoige (ZS) on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Sensitivity analysis was conducted via replacing the new soil hydraulic property scheme in CLM4.5 by the old one, using default CLM4.5 runs as reference. Results indicated that the new parameterization scheme ameliorated the surface dry biases at ZS but enlarged the wet biases which existed at GS site due to ignoring the gravel effect. The wetter surface condition in CLM4.5 also leads to a warmer surface soil temperature because of the greater heat capacity of liquid water. In addition, the combined impact of new soil hydraulic property schemes and the ice impedance function on the simulated soil moisture lead to the more reasonable simulation of the starting dates of freeze-thaw cycle, especially at the thawing stage. The improvements also lead to the more reasonable turbulent fluxes simulations. Meanwhile, the decreased snow cover fraction in CLM4.5 resulted in a lower albedo, which tended to increase net surface radiation compared to previous versions. Further optimizing is needed to take the gravel into account in the numerical description of thermal-hydrological interactions.
FIRST MOLECULAR DATA ON DELASTRIA ROSEA, FISCHERULA MACROSPORA AND HYDNOCYSTIS PILIGERA

Dpt. Biologia Vegetal, Univ. Alcala. Alcala de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain. pablo.alvarado@gmail.com; gabriel.moreno@uah.es; josel.manjon@uah.es Ronda Sur 18, Navalmoral de la Mata, Caceres, Spain gelpipena@hotmail.com Sokratous 40, TK 19016, Artemis Attiki, Greece bkaounas@yahoo.gr 4. Aristidou 17, 51100 Grevena, Greece info@manitari.gr Institute of Evolution, Haifa University, Mt. Carmel 31905 Haifa, Israel gbarseghyan@gmail.com Univ. degli Studi di Palermo, Dpt. Biologia Vegetale e Biodiversita,Via Archirafi 38, 90123 Palermo, Italy gvent@unipa.it