Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Comparisons Among Radial-Flux, Multistage Axial-Flux, and Three-Phase Transverse-Flux PM Machines for Downhole Applications

The aim of this paper is to provide performance comparisons among conventional radial-flux, multistage axial-flux, and three-phase transverse-flux permanent-magnet machines for downhole applications where the outer diameters are limited by well sizes, but the axial lengths can be relatively long. The comparison procedure is based on a high ambient temperature of 150°C, a small outer diameter of 100 mm, a current density of 4 A/mm2 , an electrical loading of 20 kA/m, and a constant speed of 1000 r/min, with their output torques being from several newton meters to 105 N·m and power up to 18 kVA. Three machine prototypes are chosen and optimized individually in terms of maximum torque density on the basis of some common constraints. The comparisons are focused on the torque density, machine efficiency, and power factor with respect to different pole numbers and axial lengths. For a specific downhole application without an external cooling system, the obtained results provide an indication of machines best suited with respect to performance and size.
MPR1 as a novel selection marker in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

L‐Azetidine‐2‐carboxylic acid (AZC) is a toxic four‐membered ring analogue of L‐proline that is transported into cells by proline transporters. AZC and L‐proline in the cells are competitively incorporated into nascent proteins. When AZC is present in a minimum medium, misfolded proteins are synthesized in the cells, thereby inhibiting cell growth. The MPR1 gene has been isolated from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Σ1278b as a multicopy suppressor of AZC‐induced growth inhibition. MPR1 encodes a novel acetyltransferase that detoxifies AZC via N‐acetylation. Since MPR1 is absent in the laboratory strain of S. cerevisiae S288C, it could be a positive selection marker that confers AZC resistance in the S288C background strains. To examine the usefulness of MPR1, we constructed some plasmid vectors that harboured MPR1 under the control of various promoters and introduced them into the S288C‐derived strains. The expression of MPR1 conferred AZC resistance that was largely dependent on the expression level of MPR1. In an additional experiment, the galactose‐inducible MPR1 and ppr1+, the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe homologue of MPR1, were used for gene disruption by homologous recombination, and here AZC‐resistant colonies were also successfully selected. We concluded that our MPR1–AZC system provides a powerful tool for yeast transformation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrated Services Management Information Base Guaranteed Service Extensions using SMIv 2 Status of this Memo

This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) for use with network management protocols in TCP/IP-based internets. In particular, it defines objects for managing the the interface attributes defined in the Guaranteed Service of the Integrated Services Model. Comments should be made to the Integrated Services Working Group, intserv@isi.edu.
Effect of Binary Admixture of Fly Ash and Slag on the Carbonation of Concrete for Hydraulic Structure

Carbonation of concrete for hydraulic structure containing mineral admixtures is studied. It is observed that the fly ash is not benefit to the carbonation resistance, and the different content of fly ash in concrete may play a different role without activator. However, concrete for hydraulic structure using binary admixture of fly ash and slag will make up the defects and when the fly ash to slag ratio is 1:1, the depth of carbonation decreases comparing to concrete using fly ash.
Technical perspectiveOne size fits all: an idea whose time has come and gone

The last 25 years of commercial DBMS development can be summed up in a single phrase: “One size fits all”. This phrase refers to the fact that the traditional DBMS architecture (originally designed and optimized for business data processing) has been used to support many data-centric applications with widely varying characteristics and requirements. In this paper, we argue that this concept is no longer applicable to the database market, and that the commercial world will fracture into a collection of independent database engines, some of which may be unified by a common front-end parser. We use examples from the stream-processing market and the datawarehouse market to bolster our claims. We also briefly discuss other markets for which the traditional architecture is a poor fit and argue for a critical rethinking of the current factoring of systems services into products.
Upregulation of fractalkine and its receptor, CX3CR1, is associated with coronary plaque rupture in patients with unstable angina pectoris.

BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that fractalkine (FKN or CX3CL1) and its cognate receptor, CX3CR1, play a role in atherogenesis, so the relationship between coronary plaque rupture, as observed by preintervention optical coherence tomography, and plasma levels of FKN and CX3CR1 was investigated in this study. METHODS AND RESULTS The study population consisted of 46 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), 30 patients with stable angina pectoris, and 25 healthy controls. The UAP patients underwent a preintervention optical coherence tomography study, which revealed that the number of patients with and without plaque rupture at the culprit site was 27 (rupture group) and 19 (non-rupture group), respectively. Plasma levels of soluble FKN (sFKN) and CX3CR1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The plasma levels of sFKN were significantly increased in UAP patients with plaque rupture compared with patients in the other groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that CD14(+)CD16(+)CX3CR1(+) monocytes and CD3(+)CX3CR1(+) lymphocytes were independent predictors of the presence of ruptured plaque. CONCLUSIONS Increases in the FKN level and the number of CX3CR1-expressing mononuclear cells might contribute to coronary plaque rupture.
On the eigenstructure of the signal-only tempo-spatial covariance matrix of broad-band sources using a circular array

The eigenstructure of the signal-only part of the data covariance matrix for broadband sources is considered. It is well known that, unlike the narrowband case, all eigenstructure parameters (the matrix rank, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors) depend on source spectral and spatial parameters, as well as on the relationship between sources. It is proved that when a two-dimensional equally spaced circular array with flat-spectrum broadband sources is used, the eigenstructure of the signal-only tempo-spatial covariance matrix (TSCM) has properties similar to those for the narrowband case. Most importantly, the effective rank of the TSCM depends only on the number of sources. Consequently, the authors suggest an alternative approach for resolving frequency/location ambiguity in the broadband case that may lead to an effective eigenstructure-based parameter estimation algorithm of the MUSIC type. >
Clinical investigation of a population recently infected with Schistosoma mansoni (Richard‐Toll, Senegal)

Following the introduction of large‐scale irrigation, an exceptional epidemic of intestinal schistosomiasis occurred in northern Senegal when a non‐immune population was exposed to massive infection. Subjects infected with Schistosoma mansoni were followed up parasitologically and clinically from the onset of the epidemic. After the initial evaluation, patients received a health education session and were treated with praziquantel in a dose of 30 mg/kg.
PerR acts as a switch for oxygen tolerance in the strict anaerobe Clostridium acetobutylicum

Clostridia belong to those bacteria which are considered as obligate anaerobe, e.g. oxygen is harmful or lethal to these bacteria. Nevertheless, it is known that they can survive limited exposure to air, and often eliminate oxygen or reactive derivatives via NAD(P)H‐dependent reduction. This system does apparently contribute to survival after oxidative stress, but is insufficient to establish long‐term tolerance of aerobic conditions. Here we show that manipulation of the regulatory mechanism of this defence mechanism can trigger aerotolerance in the obligate anaerobe Clostridium acetobutylicum. Deletion of a peroxide repressor (PerR)‐homologous protein resulted in prolonged aerotolerance, limited growth under aerobic conditions and rapid consumption of oxygen from an aerobic environment. The mutant strain also revealed higher resistance to H2O2 and activities of NADH‐dependent scavenging of H2O2 and organic peroxides in cell‐free extracts increased by at least one order of magnitude. Several genes encoding the putative enzymes were upregulated and identified as members of the clostridial PerR regulon, including the heat shock protein Hsp21, a reverse rubrerythrin which was massively produced and became the most abundant protein in the absence of PerR. This multifunctional protein is proposed to play the crucial role in the oxidative stress defence.
Adipose tissue remodeling in pathophysiology of obesity

Purpose of reviewRecent studies demonstrate that adipose tissue undergoes a continuous process of remodeling that is pathologically accelerated in the obese state. Contrary to earlier dogma, adipocytes die and are replaced by newly differentiated ones. This review will summarize recent advances of our knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate adipose tissue remodeling and highlight the influences of obesity, depot, and sex, as well as the relevance of rodent models to humans. Recent findingsA substantial literature now points to the importance of dynamic changes in adipocyte and immune cell turnover, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling in regulating the expandability and functional integrity of this tissue. In obesity, the macrophages are recruited, surrounding dead adipocytes and polarized toward an inflammatory phenotype. The number of dead adipocytes is closely associated with the pathophysiological consequences of obesity, including insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Further, there are substantial depot, sex and species differences in the extent of remodeling. SummaryAdipose tissue undergoes a continuous remodeling process that normally maintains tissue health, but may spin out of control and lead to adipocyte death in association with the recruitment and activation of macrophages, and systemic insulin resistance.
Prediction of Antimicrobial Peptides Based on Sequence Alignment and Support Vector Machine-Pairwise Algorithm Utilizing LZ-Complexity

This study concerns an attempt to establish a new method for predicting antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) which are important to the immune system. Recently, researchers are interested in designing alternative drugs based on AMPs because they have found that a large number of bacterial strains have become resistant to available antibiotics. However, researchers have encountered obstacles in the AMPs designing process as experiments to extract AMPs from protein sequences are costly and require a long set-up time. Therefore, a computational tool for AMPs prediction is needed to resolve this problem. In this study, an integrated algorithm is newly introduced to predict AMPs by integrating sequence alignment and support vector machine- (SVM-) LZ complexity pairwise algorithm. It was observed that, when all sequences in the training set are used, the sensitivity of the proposed algorithm is 95.28% in jackknife test and 87.59% in independent test, while the sensitivity obtained for jackknife test and independent test is 88.74% and 78.70%, respectively, when only the sequences that has less than 70% similarity are used. Applying the proposed algorithm may allow researchers to effectively predict AMPs from unknown protein peptide sequences with higher sensitivity.
An Ancient Bronze Ingot Smelted from Fahlore

A bronze bun ingot fragment, produced in an ancient furnace, was investigated. The original surface was craggy and covered by a dark green “layer” of corrosion products and at the intersection shrink holes are visible. X-ray fluorescence analysis confirms Cu as balance, up to 4 wt. % As respectively 2.5 wt. % S and smaller amounts of Sb, Ni, Fe, Ag were measured. This composition suggests that fahlores were processed. An inhomogeneous microstructure was observed over the cross section of the ingot caused by the alloying elements and their segregation during solidification of the melt. The microstructure is dominated by copper dendrites and the interdendritic regions are enriched with the residual alloying elements which form precipitates. Near the ingot surface large oxide crystals were observed indicating oxide formation during the solidification of the melt. Another kind of fine-grained oxides were identified which are formed potentially by corrosion. We can conclude that the ingot is arsenic bronze with quite a complex microstructure.
The economic effects of screening for obstructive airway disease: an economic analysis of the DIMCA program.

BACKGROUND A large, population-based intervention (the DIMCA study) has shown substantial underdiagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Detection of undiagnosed patients by means of screening and subsequent monitoring was relatively inexpensive per detected patient, compared with other mass screening programs. The objectives of this study were to assess whether early detection according to the DIMCA protocol leads to increased utilization of health care resources and cost, other than the cost of the scheduled visits. METHODS In a prospective randomized consent trial, the utilization of health care resources and cost were ascertained in two groups: a screened group (n = 416) and a control group (n = 462). In a subsample of 100 screened subjects, consultation frequency before screening was compared with the frequency after screening. Subjects were a random sample from the general population of between 25 and 70 years of age. RESULTS During an average follow-up of 3.6 years, there were no significant differences in health care resource utilization and cost between the screened subjects and the controls. Resource utilization before screening was not significantly different from resource utilization after screening. Statistically significant differences were found within the screened group: subjects with a positive screening result (i.e., with signs or symptoms of obstructive airway disease) consulted their general practitioners 3.7 times more frequently (P = 0.001) for respiratory reasons than subjects with a negative screening result. The total health care cost due to respiratory disease in screen-positive subjects was 6.4 times higher (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION There were no indications that screening for obstructive airway disease led to increased cost, above that of average care.
The South American Monsoon System and the 1970s climate transition

The South American Monsoon System (SAMS) is characterised by intense convective activity and precipitation during austral summer. This study investigates changes in the onset, demise and duration of SAMS during 1948–2008. The results show a significant change in these characteristics in the early 1970s. Onset becomes steadily earlier from 1948 to early 1970s and has occurred earlier than 23–27 October after 1972–1973. Demise dates have remained later than 21–25 April after the mid‐to‐late 1970s. SAMS duration shows a statistical changepoint in the summer of 1971–1972 such that the mean duration was ∼170 days (1948–1972) and 195 days (1972–1982). Vertically integrated moisture flux is used to diagnose changes in mean state and reveal statistically significant increases over South America after 1971–1972. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
The diverse roles of FRO family metalloreductases in iron and copper homeostasis

Iron and copper are essential for plants and are important for the function of a number of protein complexes involved in photosynthesis and respiration. As the molecular mechanisms that control uptake, trafficking and storage of these nutrients emerge, the importance of metalloreductase-catalyzed reactions in iron and copper metabolism has become clear. This review focuses on the ferric reductase oxidase (FRO) family of metalloreductases in plants and highlights new insights into the roles of FRO family members in metal homeostasis. Arabidopsis FRO2 was first identified as the ferric chelate reductase that reduces ferric iron-chelates at the root surface-rhizosphere interface. The resulting ferrous iron is subsequently transported across the plasma membrane of root epidermal cells by the ferrous iron transporter, IRT1. Recent work has shown that two other members of the FRO family (FRO4 and FRO5) function redundantly to reduce copper to facilitate its uptake from the soil. In addition, FROs appear to play important roles in subcellular compartmentalization of iron as FRO7 is known to contribute to delivery of iron to chloroplasts while mitochondrial family members FRO3 and FRO8 are hypothesized to influence mitochondrial metal ion homeostasis. Finally, recent studies have underscored the importance of plasma membrane-localized ferric reductase activity in leaves for photosynthetic efficiency. Taken together, these studies highlight a number of diverse roles for FROs in both iron and copper metabolism in plants.
Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy for differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (US-CNB) of thyroid nodules is a relatively new technique used in surgical workup. However, no systematic review of this method has yet been performed. In the present meta-analysis, literature databases consisting of Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched. Following eligibility assessments of the studies, quality appraisals were performed on the included studies using the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 method. The data were systematically analyzed by using Review Manager (version 5.3) and Meta-Disc (version 1.4). Eight investigations were included, and the study qualities were good. There were 1,621 nodules included in the final meta-analysis. The summary estimated that US-CNB had a sensitivity of 0.96 [95% confidence interval (CI)=0.94–0.97] and a specificity of 0.96 (95% CI=0.94–0.97). Positive and negative likelihood ratios, and the diagnostic odds ratio of US-CNB were 18.20 (95% CI=2.21–156.41), 0.08 (95% CI=0.02–0.27) and 250.60 (95% CI=19.11–3286.76), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.979. Therefore, US-CNB may be considered as a reliable method in the assessment of thyroid nodules, and has an acceptable risk of complications.
Learning ancestral genetic processes using nonparametric bayesian models

Recent explosion of genomic data have enabled in-depth investigation of complex genetic mechanisms for various applications such as the inference on the human evolutionary history or the search for the genetic basis of phenotypic traits. Although great advances have been made in the analysis of genetic processes underlying such data, most statistical methods developed so far deal with the closely related genetic objects separately using specialized methods, and do not capture the intrinsic relatedness among multiple properties that have resulted from a common inheritance process. Moreover, these approaches often ignore the inherent uncertainty about the genetic complexity of the data and rely on inflexible models resulting from restrictive assumptions. In this thesis, we develop nonparametric Bayesian models for learning ancestral genetic processes, which provide more flexible control over the complexity of the genetic data, and at the same time, utilize the structured data in a more principled way. Under a unified inheritance framework built on the assumption of hypothetical founder haplotypes that generate modern individual chromosomes, hierarchical Bayesian models based on Dirichlet process are developed for the following related applications in population genetics: the problem of haplotype inference from multi-population genotype data, joint inference of population structure and the recombination events, and the local ancestry estimation in admixed populations. This new approach allows one to explicitly exploit the shared structural information in the data from multiple populations. The resulting methods have shown to significantly outperform other existing methods that do not utilize such relatedness properly.
Dissociation between manipulation and conceptual knowledge of object use in the supramarginalis gyrus

Because tool naming activates motor‐related areas in the posterior parietal cortex, it has been suggested that conceptual knowledge of tools relies on their unique manipulation patterns. However, this view is questioned by the finding that some patients impaired in retrieving manipulation knowledge of man‐made objects are still able to perform conceptual judgments on them. To address this issue, we used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to interfere with the functioning of the anterior part of the right or left supramarginalis gyrus (SMG), a region critically involved in object‐directed actions. rTMS was delivered in healthy participants performing four judgment tasks designed to explore different aspects of manipulation and conceptual knowledge of man‐made objects. The two manipulation judgment tasks consisted in determining whether (1) two objects displayed on a computer screen are normally used by adopting a comparable hand posture, or (2) a given hand posture is appropriate to use an object. In the two conceptual judgment tasks, subjects had to decide whether (1) two objects displayed on the computer screen are normally used in the same context or (2) they are functionally related. We found that virtual lesions of left SMG interfere only with the performance of the manipulation judgment task in which subjects had to decide whether two different objects are used by adopting the same hand posture, all the other tasks being unaltered. rTMS applied over the right SMG had no effect. These results challenge the assumption that conceptual knowledge of tools is grounded upon motor representations. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Compendium for precise ac measurements of the quantum Hall resistance

In view of the progress achieved in the field of the alternating current (ac) quantum Hall effect (QHE), the Working Group of the Comité Consultatif d'Électricité et Magnétisme (CCEM) on the ac QHE asked the authors of this article to write a compendium which integrates their experiences with ac measurements of the quantum Hall resistance. In addition to the important early work performed at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures and the National Physical Laboratory, UK, further experience has been gained during a collaboration of the authors' institutes NRC, METAS and PTB, and excellent agreement between the results of different national metrology institutes has been achieved. This compendium summarizes the present state of the authors' knowledge and reviews the experiences, tests and precautions that the authors have employed to achieve accurate measurements of the ac QHE. This work shows how the ac QHE can be reliably used as a quantum standard of ac resistance having a relative uncertainty of a few parts in 108.