Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Range‐edge populations of seaweeds show niche unfilling and poor adaptation to increased temperatures

Global warming is affecting the distribution of species worldwide, but the level of adaptation of edge populations to warmer temperatures remains an open question. Here, we assess the thermal tolerance of populations of two habitat‐forming seaweeds along their latitudinal range, using thermal niche unfilling to assess their resilience to global warming.
Nanodomain structure of Pb[Zr 1-x Ti x ]O 3 at its morphotropic phase boundary: Investigations from local to average structure

In recent years, the stability field of a monoclinic phase at the morphotropic phase boundary in lead zirconate titanate, Pb[Zr{sub 1-x}Ti{sub x}]O{sub 3}, has been under discussion. In the present study, we investigated samples in the compositional range between 0.40{<=}x{<=}0.475 and x=0.55 using high-resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction in combination with transmission electron microscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance to correlate average structure and microstructural information. It is shown that the microstructure plays a crucial role in the analysis of diffraction data. The appearance of intensity in diffraction patterns formerly linked to a monoclinic phase [B. Noheda et al., Phys. Rev. B 61, 8687 (2000)] can directly be correlated to a miniaturization of the average domain structure of the material visible in the presence of nanodomains. The internal symmetry of the nanodomains is not necessarily monoclinic due to coherence effects in diffraction and is discussed with respect to martensitic theory.
Arsenic‐tolerant microbial consortia from sediments of Copahue geothermal system with potential applications in bioremediation

Although arsenic (As) is recognized as a toxic element for living species, some microorganisms have the ability to tolerate and transform it; recent studies have proposed to take advantage of such capacity to develop sustainable bioremediation strategies. In this study, we evaluated the adaptation to increasing concentrations of As(III) and As(V) of three metabolically different microbial cultures (heterotrophic, autotrophic–acidophilic, and anaerobic) obtained from a sample with low‐soluble As content from the Copahue geothermal system. At the end of the adaptation process, the heterotrophic culture was able to grow at 20 mM and 450 mM of As(III) and As(V), respectively; the autotrophic–acidophilic culture showed tolerance to 15 mM of As(III) and 150 mM of As(V), whereas the anaerobic culture only developed in As(V) at concentrations up to 50 mM. The most tolerant consortia were characterized by their growth performance, complexity, and the presence of genes related to As metabolism and resistance. Regarding the consortia complexity, the predominant genera identified were: Paenibacillus in both heterotrophic consortia, Acidithiobacillus in the autotrophic–acidophilic consortium tolerant to As(III), Acidiphilium in the autotrophic–acidophilic consortium tolerant to As(V), and Thiomonas and Clostridium in the anaerobic consortium. This study is the first report of As tolerance microorganisms obtained from Copahue and reasserts the versatility and flexibility of the community of this natural extreme environment; also, it opens the door to the study of possible uses of these consortia in the design of biotechnological processes where the As concentration may fluctuate.
Alternative Structural Models for Multivariate Longitudinal Data Analysis

Structural equation models are presented as alternative models for examining longitudinal data. The models include (a) a cross-lagged regression model, (b) a factor model based on latent growth curves, and (c) a dynamic model based on latent difference scores. The illustrative data are on motivation and perceived competence of students during their first semester in high school. The 3 models yielded different results and such differences were discussed in terms of the conceptualization of change underlying each model. The last model was defended as the most reasonable for these data because it captured the dynamic interrelations between the examined constructs and, at the same time, identified potential growth in the variables.
Association between consumption of fruit or processed fruit and chronic diseases and their risk factors: a systematic review of meta-analyses

CONTEXT The degree of fruit processing is rarely considered in epidemiological studies of fruit consumption. OBJECTIVE Pooled analyses and meta-analyses of cohort studies and randomized controlled trials that linked fruit consumption with the risk of chronic disease and metabolic deregulation were reviewed systematically to examine the effects of fruit processing. DATA SOURCES The Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were searched until June 2018. Search terms, querying the article title only, were based on multiple combinations and included the following: type of publication, fruit products, and chronic diseases and their risk factors. STUDY SELECTION The selection of studies and the systematic review were carried out in accordance with the PRISMA statement. DATA EXTRACTION The literature search identified 189 pooled analyses and meta-analyses, 10 of which met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS The results showed that the degree of processing influences the health effects of fruit-based products. Fresh and dried fruits appeared to have a neutral or protective effect on health, 100% fruit juices had intermediary effects, and high consumption of canned fruit and sweetened fruit juice was positively associated with the risk of all-cause mortality and type 2 diabetes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results support the need to consider the degree of food processing in future epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials in order to adjust official recommendations for fruit consumption.
Origin of the Thomas rotation that arises in lossless multilayers

From the basic fact that the matrix that describes a lossless multilayer belongs to the group SU(1, 1), which is locally isomorphic to the (2+1)-dimensional Lorentz group SO(2, 1), we present a natural identification of the parameters of the multilayer with those of a Lorentz transformation. We show that the phase that appears when one is studying the reflection and transmission of light on a compound multilayer is simply the relativistic Thomas rotation. We propose a simple optical experiment to determine the angle of this rotation.
Stellar evolution at high mass including the effect of a stellar wind

Evolutionary tracks for stars of 15--120 M/sub sun/ undergoing mass loss due to a stellar wind have been computed from the zero-age main sequence to the end of core helium burning. All the models are based on Cox-Stewart opacities, and take fully into account semiconvective and convective modifications of the interior structure. Various cases of mass loss have been considered. If the amount of mass loss on the main sequence is assumed to be small, the post--main-sequence tracks turn out to be very sensitive to whether the Schwarzschild or the Ledoux criterion for convection is adopted, as well as to what values are adopted for the initial metals abundance and convective mixing length. A somewhat larger assumed amount of main-sequence mass loss invariably will produce a red supergiant (due to the suppression of hydrogen-shell convection), while a very much larger assumed amount of mass loss during either the main-sequence or post--main-sequence stages will always produce a blue helium star (due to removal of most of the hydrogen envelope). Comparison of the theoretically derived results with observations of OBN stars, WN stars, and bright supergiants suggests that the most massive stars could, in the course of their lifetimes, lose a substantialmore » amount of mass. However, the interpretation for stars of slightly lower initial mass is rather more ambiguous, except that mass loss is probably not very important for initial masses below approx.30 M/sub sun/. « less
Incorporation of attenuation into time-domain computations of seismic wave fields

The only numerically tractable way yet found to incorporate attenuation into numerical time-domain computations of seismic wave fields is to approximate the viscoelastic modulus by a low-order rational function of frequency. The coefficients of this function can be determined by the Pade approximation. Our test computations show, however, that this approximation generally is of poor quality. Therefore, we suggest a new approach which is based on the rheological model of the generalized Maxwell body, which has a modulus of the desired rational form. We choose the relaxation frequencies logarithmically equidistant in the frequency band of interest, and determine the weight factors by simple numerical curve fitting to an arbitrary Q law. This approach is superior to the method above both in accuracy and in computational efficiency. For most practical applications, approximations of orders 2 or 3 are sufficient. The computing time and memory requirements for a finite-difference calculation are then approximately twice those of a purely elastic calculation. As a first application of the method, we compute SH channel waves in discontinuous coal seams with Q = 50 within the coal. The results show that the high-frequency Airy phase is strongly attenuated. This indicates that care has to be taken in comparing the results of purely elastic model calculations of the propagation of seam waves with experimental data.
A quasi-distributed temperature sensor interrogated by optical frequency-domain reflectometer

This paper presents the analysis of a quasi-distributed sensor based on the concatenation of identical low-reflective fiber Bragg gratings. We experimentally demonstrated a temperature sensor using ten cascaded gratings which are interrogated by an optical frequency domain reflectometer. Repeatability measurements highlighted a standard deviation on the measured temperature smaller than 1.5 °C. A complete demonstration of mathematical formulas which are used to obtain the temperature information is also provided.
The Role of Moist Processes in the Formation and Evolution of Mesoscale Snowbands within the Comma Head of Northeast U.S. Cyclones

Abstract The role of moist processes in regulating mesoscale snowband life cycle within the comma head portion of three northeast U.S. cyclones is investigated using piecewise potential vorticity (PV) inversion, modeling experiments, and potential temperature tendency budgets. Snowband formation in each case occurred along a mesoscale trough that extended poleward of a 700-hPa low. This 700-hPa trough was associated with intense frontogenetical forcing for ascent. A variety of PV evolutions among the cases contributed to midlevel trough formation and associated frontogenesis. However, in each case the induced flow from diabatic PV anomalies accounted for a majority of the midlevel frontogenesis during the band’s life cycle, highlighting the important role that latent heat release plays in band evolution. Simulations with varying degrees of latent heating show that diabatic processes associated with the band itself were critical to the development and maintenance of the band. However, changes in the meso-α.
Early warning systems in Indonesian Islamic banks: A comparison of Islamic commercial and rural banks

Abstract The study examines the stability of Indonesian Islamic Commercial Bank (ICB) and Islamic Rural Bank (IRB) by employing a Markov Switching Dynamic model of two regimes, stable (tranquil) and unstable (crisis). This study utilizes monthly data between December 2007 and April 2022. Findings show that both ICB and IRB have greater probabilities of remaining in the tranquil regime compared to the period of crisis. Even though ICB Z-scores have a wider range of volatility than IRB Z-scores, the ICB has been shown to recover from crises faster than the IRB. The differences in characteristics between ICB and IRB, as well as swings in the Z-score, do not provide resilience benefits. Thus, both ICB and IRB are equally vulnerable to the crisis. This study’s findings could be used to generate policy for the relevant stakeholders of Islamic banking industries.
On a Variant of the Gagliardo-Nirenberg Inequality Deduced from the Hardy Inequality

(1.1) ‖∇u‖Lq(Ω) ≤ C1‖u‖ 1−k/m Lr(Ω) ‖∇ (m)u‖ Lp(Ω) + C2‖u‖Lr(Ω), where Ω ⊆ Rn is a domain with sufficiently smooth boundary, the function u : Ω → R belongs to an appropriate Sobolev space on Ω, 1q = (1− k m) 1 r+ k m 1 p , 0 < k < m. For Ω = R and p = q = r =∞ this inequality was obtained by Kolmogorov [27] (with C2 = 0), whereas Gagliardo [12] and Nirenberg [39] independently proved its extensions to the form (1.1). We refer to the book [36] for an extensive description of their historical evolution. Since the Gagliardo–Nirenberg inequalities involve two differential operators: ∇(k)u and ∇(m)u, they are more difficult to analyse than Hardytype inequalities, which involve one differential operator only. This is one of the reasons why many problems concerning the validity of the Gagliardo– Nirenberg inequalities remain unsolved so far. For example, one asks about
Phase behaviour and relaxation dynamics of the asymmetric azoxybenzene

ABSTRACT The phase behaviour and molecular dynamics of the liquid crystal 4-decyl-4’-heptylazoxybenzene (abbreviated as 10AB7) are described by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Upon fast cooling/heating rates, the 10AB7 forms two liquid crystal phases, nematic and smectic A, as well as two conformationally disordered crystal phases (one of them does not appear on cooling). Upon slow cooling, there is the multiplicity of crystal phases. The dielectric spectra reveal the complex dynamics in the individual thermodynamic states of 10AB7. The Arrhenius type high-frequency relaxation, related with the rotations around the long axes of molecules, is detected for each liquid-like phases and for the high-temperature crystal phase. In the crystal phases there is also the Arrhenius type relaxation associated with the collective motions of molecules combined due to the mutual interactions through NO molecular groups. Additionally, the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann type process is visible in the low-temperature crystal phase. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Breaking of axisymmetry and onset of unsteadiness in the wake of a sphere

The primary and secondary instabilities of the sphere wake are investigated from the viewpoint of nonlinear dynamical systems theory. For the primary bifurcation, a theory of axisymmetry breaking by a regular bifurcation is given. The azimuthal spectral modes are shown to coincide with nonlinear modes of the instability, which provides a good reason for using the azimuthal expansion as an optimal spectral method. Thorough numerical testing of the implemented spectral–spectral-element discretization allows corroboration of existing data concerning the primary and secondary thresholds and gives their error estimates. The ideal axisymmetry of the numerical method makes it possible to confirm the theoretical conclusion concerning the arbitrariness of selection of the symmetry plane that arises. Investigation of computed azimuthal modes yields a simple explanation of the origin of the so-called bifid wake and shows at each Reynolds number the coexistence of a simple wake and a bifid wake zone of the steady non-axisymmetric regime. At the onset of the secondary instability, basic linear and nonlinear characteristics including the normalized Landau constant are given. The periodic regime is described as a limit cycle and the power of the time Fourier expansion is illustrated by reproducing experimental r.m.s. fluctuation charts of the streamwise velocity with only the fundamental and second harmonic modes. Each time–azimuthal mode is shown to behave like a propagating wave having a specific spatial signature. Their asymptotic, far-wake, phase velocities are the same but the waves keep a fingerprint of their passing through the near-wake region. The non-dimensionalized asymptotic phase velocity is close to that of an infinite cylinder wake. A reduced-accuracy discretization is shown to allow qualitatively satisfactory unsteady simulations at extremely low cost.
Evolutionary Simulated Annealing With Application to Image Restoration

Simulated annealing is a randomized algorithm proposed for finding a global optimum in large problems where a target function may have many local extrema. This article considers a modification of the simulated annealing algorithm that turns it into a deterministic technique. Instead of carrying out a stochastic jump based on the annealing update density, the update density is used to select a fixed number of candidate parameter vectors which are all fed to the next iteration of the algorithm. The selection criterion involves not only the update density height, but also information about the origin of the candidate vector. Thus, each iteration produces a cooperative collection of parameter vectors in hope of exploring the parameter space in search of the optimum more thoroughly than the regular annealing. The technique is shown to outperform regular annealing on the problem of restoration of lattice images consisting of simple-shaped objects.
Turbulence and magnetic fields in elliptical galaxies

We discuss the physical nature of turbulence and interstellar magnetic fields in the X-ray haloes of elliptical galaxies. The turbulent velocity field is represented by two components, acoustic turbulence driven by type I supernovae and vortical turbulence whose energy source is the stellar motion with respect to the interstellar gas. The typical velocity of the sound-wave turbulence is 60 km S-1 and the scale is 350 pc. For the vortical turbulence, these are 3 km S-1 and 3 pc, respectively; the latter velocity field is expected to be rather inhomogeneous. The turbulent motions drive a dynamo generating, within a galactocentric distance of 10 kpc, random magnetic fields whose strength is about 14 J! G at the centre and decreases to 1 J! G at radius 10 kpc; the correlation scale is the same as that of the acoustic turbulence, i.e. a few hundred parsecs. The magnetic fields produce spatial fluctuations in the Faraday rotation measure whose amplitude is 30 and 300 rad m- 2, for observations with linear resolution 1 kpc and 0.1 kpc, respectively.
Developing Critical Thinking About Reporting of Bayesian Analyses

Graduate students in the health sciences who hope to become independent researchers must be able to write up their results at a standard suitable for submission to peer-reviewed journals. Bayesian analyses are still rare in the medical literature, and students are often unclear on what should be included in a manuscript. Whilst there are published guidelines on reporting of Bayesian analyses, students should also be encouraged to think about why some items need to be reported whereas others do not. We describe a classroom activity in which students develop their own reporting guideline. The guideline that the students produce is not intended to replace existing guidelines, rather we have found that the process of developing the guideline is helpful in encouraging students to think through the “why? ” as well as the “what? ” of reporting.
Irreversibility analysis of variable viscosity channel flow with convective cooling at the walls

This study investigates the inherent irreversibility in the flow of a variable (temperature-dependent) viscosity fluid through a channel with parallel plates. The channel is narrow so that the lubrication approximation may be applied, and the temperature-dependent nature of viscosity is assumed to follow an exponential model. The system is assumed to exchange heat with the ambient surroundings following Newton’s cooling law. Using a perturbation method coupled with a special type of Hermite–Pade approximation technique, the simplified governing nonlinear equations are solved and the important properties of overall flow structure, including velocity field, temperature field, and thermal criticality conditions are derived, which essentially expedite obtaining expressions for volumetric entropy generation numbers, irreversibility distribution ratio, and the Bejan number in the flow field. PACS Nos.: 44.10. +a, 47.11. –j, 47.15. gm
Multidimensional WDFs used in a PR multirate system

This paper addresses the problem of designing and implementing a three-dimensional orthonormal nonseparable perfect reconstruction (PR) QMF bank. Wavelet bases can be obtained from this PR QMF bank that is realized with wave digital filters. Infinite length signals may be processed with the proposed stable four-channel multirate system, that uses a body centered cubic sampling lattice. A two-dimensional 4-channel PR QMF bank using a hexagonal sampling matrix is also shown.
Observational analysis of the wind‐evaporation‐SST feedback over the tropical Pacific Ocean

Theoretical studies suggested that the wind‐evaporation‐sea surface temperature (SST) (WES) feedback plays an important role in maintaining the latitudinal asymmetry of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in the tropical Pacific Ocean. This study examines the geographical distribution of the strength of WES feedback over the tropical Pacific Ocean using multiple long‐term observational datasets. The results show that the WES feedback is very weak over the eastern Pacific warm pool and stratocumulus regions, where the strongest latitudinal asymmetry of the ITCZ exists, suggesting that some other mechanisms are responsible for the asymmetry. To the west of 120W, the WES feedback has larger magnitude but is often statistically insignificant. This is because the effect of the air–sea humidity difference tends to offset the wind effect, which is a factor not considered in the original WES feedback theory. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Efficacy of Fufang E'jiao Jiang in the Treatment of Patients with Qi and Blood Deficiency Syndrome: A Real-World Prospective Multicenter Study with a Patient Registry

Objective This nationwide, multicenter prospective observational study with a patient registry was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Fufang E'jiao Jiang (FEJ) in Chinese patients with Qi and blood deficiency syndrome (QBDS). Methods QBDS patients were consecutively recruited from 81 investigational sites in China from July, 2019, to December, 2020. Patients who met the eligibility criteria were enrolled in a prospective registry database. Baseline characteristics and changes in scores on the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom evaluation scale for Qi and blood deficiency, the clinical global impression (CGI) scale, the fatigue scale-14 (FS-14), and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were analyzed to determine the clinical efficacy of FEJ. Results A total of 3,203 patients were recruited. The average remission rate (i.e., the sum of the cure rate and improvement rate) of the 20 symptoms of QBDS was 92.49% after 4 weeks of FEJ treatment, which was higher than at baseline; the rate increased to 94.69% at 8 weeks. The CGI scale revealed that the number of total remissions at 4 and 8 weeks was 3,120 (97.41%) and 415 (100%), respectively. The total FS-14 scores decreased by 1.67 ± 4.11 (p < 0.001) at 4 weeks and 1.72 ± 3.09 (p < 0.001) at 8 weeks of treatment. The PSQI scores were 6.6 ± 4.7 and 6.52 ± 3.07 at 4 and 8 weeks, respectively, which were significantly lower than the baseline scores (p < 0.001; p = 0.0033). Both the subhealth fatigue (SF) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) groups showed significantly improved clinical symptoms of QBDS (p < 0.01). Between-group comparisons revealed significantly greater improvements in FS-14 and PSQI scores in the SF group than in the IDA group (p < 0.05). A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that disease course, FS-14 score at baseline, and four-week FEJ doses were independent risk factors for the degree of symptom relief in QBDS patients (p < 0.05). Conclusion In real-world settings, FEJ has a promising effect in treating QBDS and can significantly improve the severity of its symptoms.