Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
REFINED TIMING OF PORPHYRY COPPER FORMATION IN THE SERBIAN AND BULGARIAN PORTIONS OF THE CRETACEOUS CARPATHO-BALKAN BELT

The Bor district in Serbia and the Panagyurishte district in Bulgaria are part of the mineralized Late Cretaceous Carpatho-Balkan igneous belt. 40 Ar/ 39 Ar laser probe radiometric age information from porphyry copper deposits of the two districts in this study provides new constraints on the timing of host-rock emplacement and the hydrothermal alteration that is linked to the porphyry mineralization. In the Bor district, igneous hornblende from the host intrusions has an average plateau age at 84.0 ± 1.5 Ma (2 σ ). The timing of alteration is constrained by white mica with an average inverse isochron age of 85.4 ± 1.8 Ma and an average plateau age at 86.6 ± 1.0 Ma (elevated by a small excess 40 Ar contribution). Together, these analyses indicate that porphyry mineralization occurred around 85 Ma. In the Panagyurishte district previous isotopic studies have produced much older host-rock ages in the northwest than mineralization ages in the southeast. Ages of igneous and alteration mineral separates from Elatsite and Medet in the northwestern and central parts of the district from the present study confirm pluton emplacement at 90.8 ± 0.8 Ma but much younger alteration at 79.5 ± 0.5 Ma. It is proposed that two episodes of magmatic-hydrothermal activity have affected the district, one at ~91 Ma, with the emplacement of the majority of the plutonic rocks, and one at 79 to 80 Ma during which the alteration micas were reset. Integration of these new ages with existing radiometric age information emphasizes the complex history of magmatic-hydrothermal activity along the immature Late Cretaceous Carpatho-Balkan convergent margin.
On the Necessity and Nature of E-Mobility Services: Towards a Service Description

After years of focusing exclusively on the technological side of electric mobility (e-mobility), services are getting more and more in the focus of scientists. Many recent works concentrate on the identification and analysis of the potential of new business models in this field. Although the relevancy of services for the success of e-mobility is becoming more obvious among industry and science, there is still a lack in scientific contributions when asking for a comprehensive overview of existing e-mobility services. With this paper, we try to bridge this gap by providing a framework that enables the description and classification of services around the usage of an electric vehicle (EV). The framework captures six dimensions which allows to characterize and compare different services. This enables the identification of commonalities and differences between the services and provides an interdisciplinary playground for developing new services and further research in this field.
A Time Series of Agulhas Undercurrent Transport

Abstract A 550-day record of Agulhas Undercurrent transport between March 2003 and August 2004 is constructed from five deep moorings placed on the continental shelf off South Africa at nominally 32°S. The vertical and lateral scales of the undercurrent are estimated to be 2000 m and 40 km, respectively, using the average of seven direct velocity sections, predominantly taken in austral autumn over a 10-yr period from 1995 to 2005. Peak speeds in the undercurrent are some of the greatest ever seen at depth: over 90 cm s−1 at 1400 m. The undercurrent has a transport of 4.2 ± 5.2 Sv (1 Sv = 1 × 106 m3 s−1), in close agreement with a previous estimate from a single current meter record during 1995 of 4.2 ± 2.9 Sv. Records below 1800 m, within the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) layer of the undercurrent, show a higher level of coherence and less variance than those at intermediate depths. On average, 2.3 ± 3.0 Sv of NADW is carried northeastward within the undercurrent, an amount similar to that estimated p.
Development of a semantic scene conversion model for image-based localization at night

Illumination change is one of the challenges in image-based localization in smart cars application. To deal with illumination change, image conversion methods have been researched. However, these methods would lose the detail of objects in images. In this paper, we propose the Semantic Local Image Conversion (SLIC) model changing the appearance of local semantic objects in an image by categories at night. This enables the proposed model not to lose the detail of static objects in image conversion. As a result, it is expected that the proposed SLIC method has a better result in image-based localization. SLIC method uses static objects (i.e., traffic signs and street lamps) as categories for localization. The SLIC method is composed of two phases as (1) instance segmentation and (2) static objects conversion. Instance segmentation is utilized as a detector for static objects. In the conversion phase, the detected static objects are converted from the appearance of objects at night to objects at day. We then compare the visual inspection and the number of matching of converted objects with existed models (Pix2Pix with global pixels in the image and ToDayGAN). Overall, our model shows the better the result of image translation compared to Pix2Pix model and ToDayGAN models in both visual inspection and ORB matching cost.
Évolution des peuplements mammaliens en Europe du Nord-Ouest durant le Pléistocène moyen et supérieur. Le cas de la France septentrionale

La France septentrionale constitue durant le Pleistocene moyen et superieur un carrefour biogeographique a l’echelle europeenne ou les influences directes des variations climatiques et environnementales cycliques sont particulierement bien enregistrees. De nombreux gisements paleolithiques et paleontologiques ayant livre des vestiges de grande faune mammalienne jalonnent cette region depuis environ un million d’annees jusqu’a la fin du Pleistocene. Les associations de grands mammiferes identifiees presentent l’interet d’etre bien datees et replacees dans un contexte paleoecologique coherent. Cette presente synthese est la premiere a etre realisee pour le Pleistocene moyen et superieur en France septentrionale. Vingt-huit gisements ont ete selectionnes et soixante-huit taxons ont ete pris en compte. Il est ainsi possible de suivre la dynamique de renouvellement des differents taxons durant cette periode, mais egalement de proposer un scenario global permettant d’interpreter la recurrence des grandes associations fauniques analysees. Au moins huit evenements majeurs de renouvellements de faune ont ete identifies et bien caracterises et dates assez precisement. Ceux-ci surviennent soit au debut, soit au cours des stades isotopiques 15, 11, 8, 7c, 6, 5e, 4/3 et 2. Ce sont surtout les herbivores qui sont les plus informatifs, ceux-ci etant directement tributaires des modifications de la vegetation induites par les changements climatiques de faibles ou fortes amplitudes. Un impact regulateur des megaherbivores et des animaux de taille plus modeste au sein des differents ecosystemes mis en evidence suivant les phases climatiques est envisage, celui-ci s’inscrit bien dans le modele du fonctionnement des systemes complexes que constituaient les biomes pleistocenes. Le constat etabli pour la France septentrionale s’insere parfaitement dans le cadre plus elargi de l’Europe du Nord-Ouest, mettant en exergue l’unite paleobiogeographique de cette region.
El Niño Southern Oscillation link to the Blue Nile River Basin hydrology

The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationships of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices and the Blue Nile River Basin hydrology using a new approach that tracks cumulative ENSO indices. The results of this study can be applied for water resources management decision making to mitigate drought or flood impacts with a lead time of at least few months. ENSO tracking and forecasting is relatively easier than predicting hydrology. ENSO teleconnections to the Blue Nile River Basin hydrology were evaluated using spatial average basin rainfall and Blue Nile flows at Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. The ENSO indices were sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in region Niño 3·4 and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). The analysis indicates that the Upper Blue Nile Basin rainfall and flows are teleconnected to the ENSO indices. Based on event correspondence and correlation analysis, high rainfall and high flows are likely to occur during La Niña years and dry years are likely to occur during El Niño years at a confidence level of 90%. Extreme dry and wet years are very likely to correspond with ENSO events as given above. The great Ethiopian famine of 1888–1892 corresponds to one of the strongest El Niño years, 1888. The recent drought years in Ethiopia correspond to strong El Niño years and wet years correspond to La Niña years. In this paper, a new approach is proposed on how to classify the strength of ENSO events by tracking consecutive monthly events through a year. A cumulative SST index value of ≥5 and cumulative SOI value of ≤ −7 indicate strong El Niño. A cumulative SST index value of ≤−5 and cumulative SOI index of ≥7 indicate strong La Niña. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trade off analysis for participatory coral reef management: lessons learned from Buccoo reef Marine Park, Tobago

Coral reefs provide a range of important functions and services, yet often conflicts exist over coral reef use among multiple users. This paper outlines the trade-off analysis approach to coral reef management where multiple and conflicting objectives for coral reef resources can be identified, assessed and reconciled within a decision-support framework. The paper applies trade-off analysis to the case of Buccoo Reef Marine Park in Tobago. The case study offers an empirical application of a participatory decision support tool used in marine park management and provides wider lessons, namely that participation of heterogeneous stakeholders in the governance of natural resources requires trust building, inclusiveness, information sharing and the validation of local knowledge and experience. Findings also reveal the important role of institutions in determining the potential for successful uptake of the trade-off analysis. 1 Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, U.K. Telephone + (44) 1603 593738. Fax +(44) 1603 593739. Email: e.tompkins@uea.ac. uk 2 School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich, U.K. 3 Department of Zoology, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago 4 Department of Marine Resources and Fisheries, Tobago House of Assembly, Trinidad and Tobago
Invisible Humans in Human-aware Robot Navigation

—Human-aware robot navigation addresses the navigation of the robot in the presence of humans. Although significant research exists for addressing the visible humans, there is a need to address the humans that are not visible but can emerge anytime into the scene. While addressing such ‘invisible humans’, we have to make sure to avoid surprises or shocks for humans and the erratic behavior of the robot planner. In this work, we propose a novel approach to detect and integrate these ‘invisible humans’ into human-aware navigation planning. The experiments and the results presented show the advantage of the proposed idea
Computerized Detection of Pulmonary Nodules on CT Scans 1

1From the Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, Department of Radiology, MC 2026, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637. Recipient of an Excellence in Design award for a scientific exhibit at the 1998 RSNA scientific assembly. Received February 15, 1999; revision requested March 18 and received May 4; accepted May 7. Supported in part by grants CA48985, CA62625, CA64370, and RR11459 from the U.S. Public Health Service; funding from the University of Chicago Cancer Research Center; and a grant from the American Lung Association of Metropolitan Chicago. Address reprint requests to S.G. A.
Knudsen diffusion, gas permeability, and water content in an unconsolidated porous medium

The Knudsen diffusion coefficient was measured at different levels of water saturation for an unconsolidated porous medium consisting of silt‐sized particles. The Knudsen diffusion coefficient was found to increase from 4.4 × 10−3 cm2/s to 1.0 × 10−1 cm2/s as water saturation decreased from 82% to 54%. A comparison between the experimental Knudsen diffusion coefficients and predicted values of the corresponding effective binary diffusion coefficients indicated that diffusion at high saturations (>64%) were in the transition regime between Knudsen diffusion and molecular diffusion. The results suggest that Knudsen diffusion has significant implications for the prediction of organic vapor transport in partially saturated silts and in less permeable soils. An expression was developed for the influence of water saturation on Knudsen diffusion coefficients, using the Brooks‐Corey capillary pressure saturation relationship. Data from previous studies were also combined with results from this study to develop a correlation between the gas phase permeability and the Knudsen diffusion coefficient for variably saturated porous media. For permeabilities less than 10−10 cm2, the new correlation begins to deviate significantly from an existing correlation for dry porous media.
DETERMINATION OF WATER USE EFFICIENCY FOR FORAGE LEGUMES IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA WITH EMPHASIS ON DRYLAND AND IRRIGATED ALFALFA CULTIVARS

Field studies were conducted at Lethbridge in 2012 and 2013 and at Picture Butte in 2012 to determine the effects of irrigation on the dry matter (DM) yield of two types of alfalfa cultivars. The irrigated cultivars (Longview and Blue J) and dryland cultivars (Rangelander and Rambler) were arranged on plots in a randomized complete block design with five replications and were subjected to four irrigation treatments. For the optimal irrigation treatment (W1), soil water content was maintained between 60 90% of available water in the designated root zone. Other irrigation treatments received 75% (W2), 50% (W3) and 25% (W4) of the volume of water applied to the optimal treatment. Mean total forage yields were higher at Lethbridge (10.15 Mg ha -1 ) compared to Picture Butte (6.21 Mg ha -1 ). The mean DM yields of irrigated alfalfa cultivars were higher than dryland cultivars in both locations. The Cut 1and Cut 2 yields and plant heights were greater than that of Cut 3 for both locations and years. Generally, mean total DM yield for Blue J, Longview and Rambler for W2 and W3 at Lethbridge were higher than those of W1, although the differences were not always significant. The DM yields obtained from this study indicated that alfalfa cultivars developed for irrigated areas of western Canada can be irrigated at 75% of the volume applied to the optimal irrigation treatment, with 40% depletion of available water at the root zone without incurring drastic yield
Exploiting Predicate-window Semantics over Data Streams

The continuous sliding-window query model is used widely in data stream management systems where the focus of a continuous query is limited to a set of the most recent tuples. In this paper, we show that an interesting and important class of queries over data streams cannot be answered using the sliding-window query model. Thus, we introduce a new model for continuous window queries, termed the predicate-window query model that limits the focus of a continuous query to the stream tuples that qualify a certain predicate. Predicate-window queries have some distinguishing characteristics, e.g., (1) The window predicate can be defined over any attribute in the stream tuple (ordered or unordered). (2) Stream tuples qualify and disqualify the window predicate in an out-of-order manner. In this paper, we discuss the applicability of the predicate-window query model. We will show how the existing sliding-window query models fail to answer some of the predicate-window queries. Finally, we discuss the challenges in supporting the predicate-window query model in data stream management systems.
Assessment of Chalan beel Ecosystem Diversity through Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems

Chalan beel, the largest natural depression in Bangladesh is under threat due to population pressure, over exploitation, change of water courses, pollution and siltation. Therefore, a study was conducted to assess the habitat and biodiversity status in dry and wet seasons through MODIS AQUA 250 m images and Geographical Information Systems supported by field data from July 2010 to June 2012. The MODIS data of 2002 and 2008 were collected and analyzed to perceive the water availability, extend of water area and variety of fishes found round the year. The False Colour Composite images of blue, near infra-red and mid infra-red bands and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index of 2002 and 2008 were prepared to perform the land use and land cover changes. The data interpretation showed the trend of water receding tendency from wet to dry season in 2002 and 2008 images respectively. The occurrence of moderate and high vegetation was comparatively higher in 2002 images than in 2008. Moreover, very small water area was observed in March and April in both year images due to over use of surface and underground water for irrigation that is the threat to the natural resources in the region. Hence, steps need to be taken by the Government and stakeholders to stop fishing via dewatering and maintain the minimum water level in the Chalan beel for safe guard the aquatic biodiversity.
A Técnica de Difração de Elétrons Retro-Espalhados (EBSD) em Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (MEV) e sua Aplicação no Estudo de Rochas Deformadas

The electron backscattered diffraction technique in the scanning electron microscope (EBSD/SEM) is based on the diffraction of a high-energy electron beam by the crystalline structure of a given material, in all possible directions within the sample. Some of the diffracted electrons escape from the specimen with virtually the same initial energy, interact with a phosphorescent screen and the generated EBSP pattern can be picked up with a low-luminosity charge couple device (CCD) camera. These patterns can be indexed using pre-determined patterns for a large variety of minerals, which allows the determination of complete orientation of each single mineral within an aggregate. In this paper we briefly discuss the physical aspects related to the diffraction of an electron beam by crystalline matter and how the EBSP patterns are generated. We also present a short introduction of the necessary instruments to acquire EBSD data, as well as the calibration procedures, acquisition and indexing software of EBSPs. The pitfalls of the technique and possible error sources are also discussed with examples. Considering the scarce availability of literature on geological sample preparation, the polishing method of silicate-rich rocks for EBSP is described in detail in the last part of this paper.
Resultados preliminares sobre la caracterización molecular de palma de aceite mediante marcadores microsatélites

A molecular characterization of wild and commercial African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) and of American oil palm (elaeis oleifera) belonging to commercial plantations was performed, using microsatellite markers. The aim was to estimate possible differences and/or genetic similarities among the different materials. The analysis of the information was performed by generating a similarity matrix among individuals using the genetic similarity coefficient of Nei and Li (1979). With the resulting data a dendrogram was built using the upgma grouping method. The dendrogram and the multiple correspondence analyses, made with samples of E. guineensis from different commercial seed producers show the formation of three groups. Groups A and B clustered materials produced by commercial seed producers in Malaysia, France, Costa Rica and Colombia, showing a high degree of genetic similarity. The group C is made up of interspecific hybrids (OxG). The materials E. guineensis from the Republic of Cameroon, showed a genetic similarity index 55 per cent, indicating a high genetic variability, but a clear association between geographical origin and the resulting groups could not been established. In the dendrogram and principal coordinate analysis of the samples of American oil palm E. oleifera, the conformation of two groups associated with their geographical origin site was observed. The materials presented site-specific alleles and low genetic similarity (44 per cent) among them.
Fossilfynd på Hólar 2003

Under utgravningarna pa Holar i Hjaltadalur, Island, sa togs ett stort antal prover for olika slags analyser. Eftersom analyser och provbearbetning skedde pa plats i Holar samtidigt som utgravninge .
Active faulting and paleoseismology along the Bree fault, lower Rhine graben, Belgium

Paleoseismic analysis of the 10-km-long Bree fault scarp in the lower Rhine graben yields numerous lines of evidence of earthquake activity in the Holocene and late Pleistocene. This active normal fault, a part of the Feldbiss fault system, dips 70°NE and is expressed at the surface by a prominent NW-SE trending 7 to 20 m high scarp, formed since the deposition of the Maas River main terrace <700 kyr. B.P. Trenches and geophysical prospecting show that the fault, which is known to have ∼100 m of vertical offset since the late Pliocene, breaks late Pleistocene and Holocene deposits. Ground-penetrating radar, seismic refraction, and electric tomography suggest that at shallow depth the amount of displacement is larger than the youngest vertical offset visible in the trenches and corresponds to cumulative fault displacements. The analysis of 36 leveling profiles across the scarp indicates that its height can be classified into three groups, likely corresponding to different events. A morphologic dating gives approximate ages of 2±1.5 kyr B.P., 14±5 kyr B.P., and 41±6 kyr B.P. for the past three surface-faulting earthquakes. Analysis of faulted stratigraphy and earthquake-induced deformation structures exposed in trenches suggests the occurrence of three large earthquakes during the past 45×l03 years and yields 0.07 mm/yr of relative vertical deformation rate. The most recent seismic event occurred between A.D. 610 and 890. The first identification of an active fault with surface ruptures in the lower Rhine graben area emphasizes that large earthquake sources exist within intraplate Europe and that at least some of these events are preserved in the geologic record.
Toward a generalized tensegrity model describing the mechanical behaviour of the cytoskeleton structure

The control of many cell functions including growth, migration and mechanotransduction, depends crucially on stress-induced mechanical changes in cell shape and cytoskeleton (CSK) structure. Quantitative studies have been carried out on 6-bar tensegrity models to analyse several mechanical parameters involved in the mechanical responses of adherent cells (i.e. strain hardening, internal stress and scale effects). In the present study, we attempt to generalize some characteristic mechanical laws governing spherical tensegrity structures, with a view of evaluating the mechanical behaviour of the hierarchical multi-modular CSK-structure. The numerical results obtained by studying four different tensegrity models are presented in terms of power laws and point to the existence of unique and constant relationships between the overall structural stiffness and the local properties (length, number and internal stress) of the constitutive components.