Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistics: all together now, one step at a time

The Physiological and Pharmacological Societies in the UK have been aware for some time that statistical testing and data presentation in our journals can fall short of the high standards that we wish to maintain. Over recent years other medical and life science journals have made substantial efforts to address similar problems. For example, the BMJ set out to improve reporting in medical journals through a sustained campaign of education and guidance (Swinscow, 1983). Among basic life science journals, the American Physiological Society notably has tried to improve statistical reporting in its journals (Curran-Everett & Benos, 2004, 2007). A more recent initiative was a series of revealing ‘worked examples’, starting in 2007 (Lew, 2007). Our Societies recently endorsed the ARRIVE guidelines for reporting experiments involving animals (Drummond et al. 2010), which repeat the same advice on statistical reporting. Nevertheless, in many instances the quality of data presentation and statistical analysis can be poor, and this despite the widespread availability of books, articles, websites and easily used statistical packages. We feel that these messages, which are often a plea for simplicity, have not reached a critical mass of authors, and more needs to be done to raise reporting standards.
Active Supervision and Its Impact Upon Parolee Recidivism Rates

Studies that compare recidivism rates between parolees and unconditionally released inmates typically attach these statuses upon release, and then follow these groups until they either fail or meet the censor date. However, this method of identifying former inmates as parolees does not comport with how parolees are conceptualized by the agencies that supervise them. Parole boards identify parolees as released inmates whom they actively supervise. This study explores the relative impact of this strategy of attaching the parole status compared with the traditional strategy used throughout the recidivism literature. I use 3 years of postrelease data from all prisoners released from 2005 to 2007 in a highly populated state on the East Coast (N = 29,299). My findings indicate that after 3 years, parolees are predicted to recidivate at a 1% lower rate compared with unconditionally released inmates when the time of active supervision is not considered. However, parolees who are assigned supervision terms of at least 3 years evidence a predicted 8% lower recidivism rate when compared with unconditionally released inmates. These findings demonstrate that parole boards can be successful at isolating those under their active supervision from reengaging in criminal activities when compared with those who are not supervised post-release, but that parole does not have long-lasting rehabilitative effects. This lack of long-term impact is likely associated with a parole board’s focus on offenses that occur solely during the course of active supervision that may create incentive to manage cases in such a way that undermines the pursuit of long-term rehabilitative goals in favor of working toward short-term successful discharges.
A Note on the Existence of All (g, f)-Factors

This paper is devoted to the problem of existence of all (g, f)-factors in a bipartite graph. We present an algorithm to test if a given bipartite graph contains all (g, f)-factors. In this way we give the affirmative answer to the question stated by Niessen. An analogous result for general graphs remains still unanswered. Submitted: February 2017 Accepted: March 2017 Final: March 2017 Published: April 2017 Article type: Concise paper Communicated by: G. Liotta E-mail address: r.cymer@web.de (Rados law Cymer) 556 Rados law Cymer A Note on the Existence of All (g, f)-Factors
Evaluating Self-Management Behaviors of Diabetic Patients in a Telehealthcare Program: Longitudinal Study Over 18 Months

Background Self-management is an important skill for patients with diabetes, and it involves frequent monitoring of glucose levels and behavior modification. Techniques to enhance the behavior changes of diabetic patients have been developed, such as diabetes self-management education and telehealthcare. Although the patients are engaged in self-management activities, barriers to behavior changes remain and additional work is necessary to address the impact of electronic media and telehealthcare on patient self-care behaviors. Objective The aims of this study were to (1) explore the behaviors of diabetic patients interacting with online applications, (2) determine the impact of a telehealthcare program among 7 self-care behaviors of the patients, and (3) determine the changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Methods A telehealthcare program was conducted to assist the patients with 7 self-care activities. The telehealthcare program lasted for 18 months and included the use of a third-generation mobile telecommunications glucometer, an online diabetes self-management system, and a teleconsultant service. We analyzed the data of 59 patients who participated in the telehealthcare program and 103 who did not. The behavioral assessments and the HbA1c data were collected and statistically analyzed to determine whether the telehealthcare services had an impact on the patients. We divided the 18-month period into 3 6-month intervals and analyzed the parameters of patients assisted by the telehealthcare service at different time points. We also compared the results of those who were assisted by the telehealthcare service with those who were not. Results There was a significant difference in monitoring blood glucose between the beginning and the end of the patient participation (P=.046) and between the overall period and the end of patient participation (P<.001). Five behaviors were significantly different between the intervention and control patients: being active (P<.001), healthy eating (P<.001), taking medication (P<.001), healthy coping (P=.02), and problem solving (P<.001). Monitoring of blood glucose was significantly different (P=.02) during the 6-12 month stage of patient participation between the intervention and control patients. A significant difference between the beginning and the 6-12 month stage of patient participation was observed for the mean value of HbA1c level (P=.02), and the differences between the overall HbA1c variability and the variability of each 6-month interval was also significant. Conclusions Telehealthcare had a positive effect on diabetic patients. This study had enhanced blood glucose monitoring, and the patients in the program showed improvements in glycemic control. The self-care behaviors affect patient outcomes, and the changes of behavior require time to show the effects.
Recognizing Melodies: A Dynamic Interpretation

Two experiments explore hypotheses about rhythm and contour in recognition of simple pitch strings (melodies). Target melodies that differed with respect to pitch relationships (interval and contour pitch differences) and rhythm, were presented to ordinary listeners who were told to learn the melodies (Phase I). In a subsequent recognition test (Phase II), listeners had to recognize these same target melodies although they were transposed to a different musical key. In recognition, target melodies appeared in the original rhythm or in new rhythms that simulated some pause properties of the original rhythm. Target melodies were interspersed with decoy melodies that either preserved the pitch contour of targets or did not; all appeared in the original rhythm and in new rhythms. Results indicated that a new rhythmic context lowered recognizability of target melodies, and that decoys were most confusing when they possessed the same “dynamic shape” (contour-plus-rhythm) as targets (Experiment 1). Also, target recognition improved with Phase I familiarity (Experiment 2), although rhythmic shifts remained detrimental across levels of target familiarity. Confusions based on “dynamic shape” accounted for a relatively high proportion of errors where familiarity with targets is low. Findings were interpreted in terms of a theory of context-sensitive dynamic attending in which remembering is assumed to involve recapitulation of the original rhythmical activities involved in attending to melodies.
Using behavioral interventions to treat speech disorders in persons with head trauma

Two men with head injuries resulting in speech disorders were treated by asking them orientation questions and prompting answers using either least to most prompting or flashcards. For one participant, the orientation questions were about objects, places, and foods. The other man's questions were about objects, places, people, and time. The results demonstrated that both men were able to respond correctly to the orientation questions in fewer than 30 trials. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Please continue, we need more data: an exploration of obedience to robots

We investigated obedience to an authoritative robot and asked experiment participants to do a task they would rather not do. Obedience questions are increasingly important as robots participate in tasks where they give people directions. We conducted a series of HRI obedience experiments, comparing a robotic authority to other authority instances, including: (i) a human, (ii) a remote-controlled robot, and (iii) robots of variant embodiments. The results suggest that half of participants will continue to perform a tedious task under the direction of a robot, even after expressing desire to stop. Further, we failed to find an effect of robot embodiment and perceived autonomy on obedience. Instead, the robot's perceived authority status may be more strongly correlated to obedience.
Mujeres y trabajo : principales ejes de análisis

Women and work: basic guides of analysis The analysis of different possition that women and men occupy in labour market and, consecuently, in social structure, leads us to question the neutrality of the theoretical prin- ciples from it starts, the analytic tools that uses and its inferences. In this paper we review certain basic concepts for this analysis, showing possible gender biases and trying to out- line some strategies on indirect discrimination that are frequently, although non deliberately, used.
Extracting Conserved Gene Expression Motifs from Gene Expression Data

We propose a representation for gene expression data called conserved gene expression motifs or XMOTIFs. A gene's expression level is conserved across a set of samples if the gene is expressed with the same abundance in all the samples. A conserved gene expression motif is a subset of genes that is simultaneously conserved across a subset of samples. We present a computational technique to discover large conserved gene motifs that cover all the samples and classes in the data. When applied to published data sets representing different cancers or disease outcomes, our algorithm constructs XMOTIFS that distinguish between the various classes.
Perspectives on Higher Education after a Quarter of a Century.

Higher education is a field of study. It does not have an integral cognate discipline that defines its extent and borders. Contributions to understanding higher education come from, among others, sociologists, historians, political theorists, economists and students of science policy and cultural studies. These were the disciplines whose exponents were assembled by Burton Clark in UCLA to summarise for a wider audience the contributions their disciplines were making to scholarship and research into higher education in the early 1980s. This paper reviews these disciplinary approaches and Clark’s reactions to them in the light of later developments in higher education and its study. It concludes by claiming that the contributors showed remarkable prescience in identifying many of the main developments in higher education studies over the following quarter of a century. It also asserts that although there has been a huge expansion in higher education studies since then, and they now have all the attributes of an academically respectable field of study throughout the world, they remain dependent on their foundation disciplines for their intellectual rigour. parts of the system. … They also shape what comes after them, since they occupy the domain of work and embody the common understanding of what higher education is and how it should proceed. Dominant thought in the sociology of science has portrayed academic culture as socially determined. Becher builds into that conception the argument that the respective bodies of knowledge of the different fields make a difference in the disciplinary cultures. …. Disciplines are thought groups that have individual thought styles.
Judgments of Fairness by Just World Believers

The author investigated the effects of just world belief on the egocentric fairness bias among Japanese undergraduates. After responding to the Just World (JW) Scale (Rubin & Peplau, 1975) and to a set of fair and unfair behaviors, the participants were divided into 2 groups (low JW and high JW) according to their responses to the scale. The egocentric fairness bias was confirmed; the participants tended to consider their own behaviors as fair rather than unfair and other people's behaviors as unfair rather than fair. High-JW participants regarded their own behaviors as fairer and those of other people as less fair than did low-JW participants. The egocentric fairness bias was stronger in the participants who believed strongly in a just world than in those whose belief in a just world was weaker.
Supervised evaluation methodology for curvilinear structure detection algorithms

Curvilinear structures are useful features in a variety of applications. Compared to other commonly used features such as edges, there are relatively few work on curvilinear structure detection and its performance evaluation. In this paper we propose a novel supervised methodology for evaluating the performance of curvilinear structure detection algorithms. We consider the two aspects of performance, namely the detection rate and detection accuracy, respectively in contrast to their mixed handling in earlier approaches that typically produces biased impression of detection quality. By doing so, the proposed performance measures lead to a more informative and precise performance characterization. We demonstrate the advantages of our approach using both synthetic and real examples.
Polyanalgesic Consensus Conference 2012: Recommendations for the Management of Pain by Intrathecal (Intraspinal) Drug Delivery: Report of an Interdisciplinary Expert Panel

Introduction: The use of intrathecal (IT) infusion of analgesic medications to treat patients with chronic refractory pain has increased since its inception in the 1980s, and the need for clinical research in IT therapy is ongoing. The Polyanalgesic Consensus Conference (PACC) panel of experts convened in 2000, 2003, and 2007 to make recommendations on the rational use of IT analgesics based on preclinical and clinical literature and clinical experiences.
Can linear minimum storage regenerating codes be universally secure?

We study the problem of making a distributed storage system information-theoretically secure against a passive eavesdropper, and aim to characterize coding schemes that are universally secure for up to a given number of eavesdropped nodes. Specifically, we consider minimum storage regenerating (MSR) codes and ask the following question: For an MSR code where a failed node is repaired using all the remaining nodes, is it possible to simultaneously be optimally secure using a single linear coding scheme? We define a pareto-optimality associated with this simultaneity and show that there exists at least one linear coding scheme that is pareto-optimal.
Do Applicants' Perceptions Matter? Investigating Reapplication Behavior Using Fairness Theory

This study used a fairness theory approach to examine a link between applicants' perceptions and their actual reapplication behavior. We suggested that applicants who do not receive job offers form Would counter factuals based on perceived performance and Should counter factuals based on two procedural justice rules (job relatedness and opportunity to perform). Participants (N=542) were applicants for a United States federal government position. After not being hired in the initial selection process, 9% of the applicants reapplied for the job the following year. We found some support for the hypothesized interactions. The job relatedness perceived performance interaction was not significant, but the opportunity to perform perceived performance interaction was. Opportunity to perform had a stronger influence when perceived performance was higher.
Minchinia nelsoni (Haplosporida) disease syndrome in the American oyster Crassostrea virginica.

SYNOPSIS. Minchinia nelsoni disease was studied in 3 populations of oysters from Marumsco Bar, Pocomoke Sound, Maryland. The native population was sampled regularly beginning in 1961 shortly after the disease invaded this area. Two populations of healthy year-old oysters were introduced (one in 1965 and one in 1966) into Pocomoke Sound and studied concurrently with the native population to determine the course of development of the disease and epizootic differences in populations. Gross and microscopic examination of oysters showed progressive stages of infection. Initial infection occurred in epithelia of the filtering organs (gill, palp, water tubes) and spread into connective tissue where hyaline hemocytes infiltrated. Intermediate infection was characterized by local infection and infiltration of connective tissue in and adjacent to epithelia of gill, palp, esophagus, stomach, gut, diverticula, and gonadal alveoli. Advanced infection was recognized by the general invasion and infiltration of connective tissue and the circulatory system by hyaline hemocytes. Terminal infections showed histologically massive pyknosis of nuclei and necrosis of tissues before outward signs of death were apparent. Remission of the disease was recognized by diminution of infection intensity and infiltration; localization of parasites near external epithelia; increased pigment cell formation; and diapedesis and deposition of necrotic parasites and tissue against the shell, followed by external conchiolinous encapsulation. Death from M. nelsoni disease may be attributed in part to seasonal environmental or physiologic stresses, which infected oysters, weakened and in poor condition due to the pathologic manifestations of the disease, are unable to tolerate. The gross pathologic signs of disease were: pale digestive gland, poor condition, mantle recession, weakness, and conchiolinous shell depositions. The microscopic signs were: diapedesis, relative decrease in numbers of phagocytes; relative increase in numbers of hyaline hemocytes; phagocytosis, fibrosis, cellular infiltration, abscess, ulceration, excessive pigment cell formation, mechanical disruption, pyknosis, and necrosis.
Survey of wireless baseband SoC for biomedical application

Recent developments in biomedical sensors has led to wearable medical devices which made energy efficiency a prime factor to consider. Hardware accelerators offer signal-processing capability with energy consumption lower than general-purpose CPUs/DSPs. Hence, great interest has risen recently in dedicated biomedical systems on chips that target extremely low levels of power consumption. Many power reduction techniques have been used, such as: multiple supply voltages (voltage islands), power gating, clock gating and voltage scaling, these techniques provided means for optimum energy efficiency operation. This paper attempts to briefly review the current research in biomedical SoCs.
Stacked Generalization for Information Extraction

This paper defines a new stacked generalization framework in the context of information extraction (IE) from online sources. The proposed setting removes the constraint of applying classifiers at the base-level. A set of IE systems are trained instead to identify relevant fragments within text documents, which differs significantly from the task of classifying candidate text fragments as relevant or not. The templates filled by the base-level IE systems are stacked, forming a set of feature vectors for training a meta-level classifier. Thus, base-level IE systems are combined with a common classifier at meta-level. The proposed framework was evaluated on three Web domains, using well known IE approaches at base-level and a variety of classifiers at meta-level. Results demonstrate the added value obtained by combining the base-level IE systems in the new framework.
Occurrence & nucleotide sequence analysis of hepatitis G virus in patients with acute viral hepatitis & fulminant hepatitis.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Association of hepatitis G virus (HGV) with acute viral hepatitis (AVH) and fulminant hepatitis (FH) is not clearly understood. This study was designed to asses the occurrence of HGV infection and its relationship with other hepatotropic viruses in patients with FH and AVH and also to determine the nucleotide sequence of HGV isolates. METHODS The study included 100 patients of FH and 125 of AVH on the basis of clinical examination, liver function test and serology for hepatitis A, B, C and E virus. HGV RNA was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and direct sequencing for 4 randomly selected samples followed by phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS Of the 100 patients with FH, 30 were negative for hepatitis viruses A, B, C and E by serology (non A-non E) while 60 were negative in the AVH group. In the non A-non-E hepatitis group, HGV was positive in 16.66 per cent (5/30) cases of FH, 10 per cent (6/60) cases of AVH and 6 per cent (6/100) of healthy controls. The difference in HGV seropositivity between FH and AVH patients was statistically not significant compared to healthy controls, while HBV and HCV infections were significant. The four isolates sequenced seemed to be of same type and close to Chinese strain of HGV (Y13755.1 Y13756.1 Y15407, and U67782) on phylogeny. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION In HGV infection was not found to be clinically significant as well as nonpathogenic in the patients of FH and AVH and appeared to be an innocent bystander in the course of the disease. The four sequenced HGV isolates showed close pairing with Chinese strains.
Relevant Context in a Movie Recommender System: Users' Opinion vs. Statistical Detection

Context-aware recommender systems help users nd their desired content in a reasonable time, by exploiting the pieces of information that describe the situation in which users will consume the items. One of the remaining issues in such systems is determining which contextual information is relevant and which is not. This is an issue since the irrelevant contextual information can degrade the recommendation quality and it is simply unnecessary to spend resources on the acquisition of the irrelevant data. In this article we compare two approaches: the relevancy assessment from the user survey and the relevancy detection with statistical testing on the rating data. With these approaches we want to see if it is possible for users to predict which context inuences their decisions and which approach leads to better detection of the relevant contextual information.