Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is the ring inside or outside the planet?: the effect of planet migration on dust rings

Planet migration in protoplanetary discs plays an important role in the longer term evolution of planetary systems, yet we currently have no direct observational test to determine if a planet is migrating in its gaseous disc. We explore the formation and evolution of dust rings – now commonly observed in protoplanetary discs by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array – in the presence of relatively low-mass (12–60 M⊕⁠) migrating planets. Through 2D hydrodynamical simulations using gas and dust we find that the importance of perturbations in the pressure profile interior and exterior to the planet varies for different particle sizes. For small sizes, a dust enhancement occurs interior to the planet, whereas it is exterior to it for large particles. The transition between these two behaviours happens when the dust drift velocity is comparable to the planet migration velocity. We predict that an observational signature of a migrating planet consists of a significant outwards shift of an observed mid-plane dust ring as the wavelength is increased.
Dispersion relations for extinction of acoustic and electromagnetic waves

This thesis deals with physical limitations on scattering and absorption of acoustic and electromagnetic waves. A general dispersion relation for the extinction cross section of such waves is derived from the holomorphic properties of the scattering amplitude in the forward direction. The result states that for a given volume, there is only a limited amount of scattering and absorption available in the entire frequency range. The dispersion relation is shown to be valuable for a broad range of problems in theoretical physics involving wave interaction with matter over a frequency interval. The theory of broadband extinction of electromagnetic waves is also applied to a large class of causal and reciprocal antennas to establish physical realizability and upper bounds on bandwidth and directive properties. The results are compared with classical limitations based on eigenfunction expansions, and shown to provide sharper inequalities and, more importantly, a new fundamental understanding of antenna dynamics solely based on static properties. In modeling of metamaterials, the theory implies that for a narrow frequency band, engineered composite materials may possess extraordinary characteristics, but tradeoffs are necessary to increase its bandwidth. (Less)
Bearing Scratch Fault Detection by Three‐Dimensional Features and a Support Vector Machine

Induction motors play a crucial role in various industries owing to their high robustness. The demand for early fault detection is getting attention to avoid serious damage to the machines. Bearing fault is the most common failure in induction motors and the possibility of scratches has a higher probability among the various classes of the bearing faults. Recently, the effective diagnosis method considering the progression and orientation of the scratch fault by using a machine learning algorithm have been reported. However, the diagnosis of such scratch faults with high accuracy is still required and challenging for early fault detection. In this article, the scratch faults are diagnosed with high accuracy rate and the detailed analysis are conducted. A support vector machine algorithm is used to diagnose the faults, where sideband frequency components of the load current are used as the features. In order to obtain high accuracy rate, additional features are considered, where in this study, the rotating speed of the motor and a higher order frequency component are selected as candidates and compared. The rotating speed along with sideband components of load current shows high accuracy rate. Furthermore, the robustness of the method is tested against the multiple faults. The results show that the rotating speed is an effective feature for highly sensitive diagnoses of bearing scratch faults. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Public health intelligence challenges for local public health authorities responding to disease outbreaks: a mixed-methods systematic review protocol

Background: Information management capacity is crucial for controlling risks from health emergencies. But little is known about how sub-national public health bodies overcome public health intelligence challenges when responding to disease outbreaks. This paper describes a protocol for a mixed-methods systematic review to fill this knowledge gap. In addition to describing the evidence base and characterising public health intelligence responses, it will explore reported facilitators and barriers to response. Methods: Research on sub-national Public Health Intelligence disease outbreak responses will be synthesised. The review will be limited to articles published in English, during or after 2019. Key electronic databases will be searched for peer-reviewed research articles of all study designs. Two reviewers will independently screen articles for relevance. Articles that refer to a Public Health Intelligence response to a propagated disease outbreak by a sub-national Public Health Authority will be included. Quality assessment of included articles will be undertaken using tools appropriate for the study design. An integrated synthesis will be performed. Discussion: This review will describe and synthesise the recent literature on sub-national Public Health Authorities’ responses to propagated disease outbreaks. The systematic design will limit bias and the inclusion of data from quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies will ensure relevant evidence is considered regardless of the methodology used to produce it. The review is part of a larger research project which aims to explore the role of sub-national public health intelligence during the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate how public health intelligence preparedness could be improved in the future. This could provide information to support the development of training, preparedness indicators and/or ways of implementing directives. PROSPERO registration: CRD42022308042 (08/02/2022)
Stability of miscible Rayleigh-Taylor fingers in porous media with non-monotonic density profiles

We study miscible Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) fingering instability in two-dimensional homogeneous porous media, in which the fluid density varies non-monotonically as a function of the solute concentration such that the maximum density lies in the interior of the domain, thus creating a stable and an unstable density gradients that evolve in time. With the help of linear stability analysis (LSA) as well as nonlinear simulations the effects of density gradients on the stability of RT fingers are investigated. As diffusion relaxes the concentration gradient, a non-monotonic density profile emerges in time. Our simple mathematical treatment addresses the importance of density gradients on the stability of miscible Rayleigh-Taylor fingering. In this process we identify that RT fingering instabilities are better understood combining Rayleigh number (Ra) with the density gradients--hence defining a new dimensionless group, gradient Rayleigh number (Ra$_g$). We show that controlling the stable and unstable density gradients, miscible Rayleigh-Taylor fingers are controllable.
ROLE-BASED STRESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BREACH OF CONTRACT AS CORRELATES OF FORMAL SECTOR EMPLOYEES’ ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS

Entrepreneurial intentions among formal sector workers are believed to be greatly hindered by breach of contract and stress related to employees’ work lives. This present study examined role-based stress and psychological breach of contract as correlates of entrepreneurial intentions among formal sector employees. Participants in the study were made up of 156 non-academic staff of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. They comprised of 85 males (54.5%) and 71 females (45.5%) with a mean age of 34.37 years and a standard deviation of 8.54 years. Their age ranged from 22 to 58 years. Three instruments were used to measure the variables. Role-based stress inventory by Rizzo, House & Lirtzman, (1970) was used to measure role-based stress, psychological breach of contract and violation scale by Robison & Morrison, (2000) was used to measure psychological breach of contract and entrepreneurial intention scale by Kaiser, (1974) was used to entrepreneurship intention of the workers. The study adopted correlational study design and Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and Multiple Regression analysis was used for the statistical test. The result of hypothesis one revealed that role-based stress positively and significantly correlated with entrepreneurial intentions at r= . 55, p <. 01, level of significance. The result of hypothesis two indicated that psychological breach of contract positively and significantly correlated with entrepreneurial intentions at r= . 85, p <. 01, level of significance. Thus, hypotheses one and two of the study were accepted. The result of the multiple regression analysis using an enter method revealed that a jointly and significantly interaction effect exists between role based stress and psychological breach of contract on entrepreneurial intentions among employees at adjusted R2 = . 69, p <. 01; F (2, 153) = 172.34, p<. 01. Therefore, hypothesis three was also accepted. It was however recommended that employers of public sector should encourage entrepreneurial intentions and ensure that that the agreements it has with workers upon employment are not reneged
Universal boundary entropies in conformal field theory: A quantum Monte Carlo study

Recently, entropy corrections on nonorientable manifolds such as the Klein bottle are proposed as a universal characterization of critical systems with an emergent conformal field theory (CFT). We show that entropy correction on the Klein bottle can be interpreted as a boundary effect via transforming the Klein bottle into an orientable manifold with nonlocal boundary interactions. The interpretation reveals the conceptual connection of the Klein bottle entropy with the celebrated Affleck-Ludwig entropy in boundary CFT. We propose a generic scheme to extract these universal boundary entropies from quantum Monte Carlo calculation of partition function ratios in lattice models. Our numerical results on the Affleck-Ludwig entropy and Klein bottle entropy for the q-state quantum Potts chains with q = 2,3 show excellent agreement with the CFT predictions. For the quantum Potts chain with q = 4, the Klein bottle entropy slightly deviates from the CFT prediction, which is possibly due to marginally irrelevant terms in the low-energy effective theory.
DEVELOPMENT OF TIME-TEMPERATURE INDICATOR FROM RED PALM OIL AND MAIZE OIL BLENDING

Time-temperature indicator could be used to monitor temperature changes during storage and distribution. The time-temperature indicator with red palm oil and maize oil was evaluated to find the diffusion prediction model and the right oil blending proportion based on activation energy. This research was performed in two stages. Stage 1 was production of red palm oil and maize oil blending in five ratios: A1 (70:30), A2 (60:40), A3 (50:50), A4 (40:60), A5 (30:70) (%v/v). Stage 2 was measurement of diffusion rate, coefficient, kinetics and activation energy in photo paper medium at 4, 29, 37, 44 and 51 °C. The result showed that increasing the temperature could increase diffusion rate and coefficient. The A5 blending proportion had 36.7961 kJ/mol energy activation which were in range of commercial time-temperature indicator (34-50 kJ/mol). The diffusion prediction model was Ln D = -4425.8 – 3.1187.
An Overview of Dentofacial Deformity and How It Affects the Quality of Life

Quality of life is described as an individual’s perception of well-being that is derived from contentment or discontentment with the aspects of life that are valuable to them. Health related quality of life is a performance indicator for studying individuals or populations as well as in public health surveillance. The increasing demand for scales to estimate oral health-related quality of life has resulted in the creation of multiple instruments. Oral Health Impact Profile is among the most frequently utilized tools to gauge individuals’ perceptions of the psychosocial effect of dental conditions on their overall well-being. Dentofacial deformity are facial and dental disproportionalities major enough to substantially impact the person’s quality of life. The condition is regarded as a handicap, due to its functional and social impact on the individual’s life, stemming from aberrations in the dental and facial components that distinguish them enough to necessitate wide range of lifestyle adjustments. Also, individuals with such deformities encounter challenges due to poor self-esteem and reduced self-confidence levels along with physiological issues. Female patients are significantly more predisposed to temporomandibular joint pain, headache, dyspnea, and presence of detrimental habits. A perception of social stigma, abandonment and segregation, challenges in interrelationships including problems in starting and progressing companionship, restrictions in everyday tasks, and difficulties in professional life and joblessness have been linked with dentofacial deformities related depression, adversely impacting the quality of life of such persons. Although these individuals choose to undergo orthodontic and orthognathic rehabilitation for the enhancements in physical appearance and physiological functions, the expectation of the psychosocial advantages like personality transformation, improved interpersonal relationships, and self-esteem is a crucial driver for this treatment decision.
Diversion Of Recidivist Children According To Utilitarianism Aspects

In an act against legal norms, especially criminal law, children must be treated differently from adults. This is because children are a group of naturally weak people children who commit crimes should be lighter than those adults through what is known as restorative justice and Diversion (Indonesian law says it “Diversi”). However, then, Article 7 paragraph (2) of the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law (Indonesian: UU SPPA), basically states that Diversi is only carried out if the criminal penalty for the act is less than 7 (seven) years and is not a repetition of a crime. Utilitarianism or Utilism puts benefit as the main goal of Benefit here is defined as happiness. So, good or bad or fair or not a law depends on whether the law gives happiness to humans or not. Through a normative juridical study that emphasizes the review of laws and literature studies, the authors find that a utilitarian review of Diversi to recidivist children is very likely to produce broad benefits for many people and has the potential to close the possibility of recidivist children committing criminal acts again. This is because, in Diversi, the benefits of overcoming the consequences of children's actions can be felt by the perpetrator's child, the victim, and their respective families through mutual agreement. In line with that, the principles of implementing the SPPA Law confirm that children must be addressed especially for the protection of their growth and development and to eliminate discrimination that differentiates the process between one child and another. It is hoped that with this literature review, legal products regarding juvenile justice can participate in guaranteeing the rights of recidivism children in Diversi as a method of overcoming crime by children.
Resolving the Powerful Radio-loud Quasar at z ∼ 6

We present high angular resolution imaging (23.9 × 11.3 mas, 138.6 × 65.5 pc) of the radio-loud quasar PSO J352.4034−15.3373 at z = 5.84 with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) at 1.54 GHz. This quasar has the highest radio-to-optical flux density ratio at such a redshift, making it the radio-loudest source known to date at z ∼ 6. The VLBA observations presented here resolve this quasar into multiple components with an overall linear extent of 1.62 kpc (0.″28) and with a total flux density of 6.57 ± 0.38 mJy, which is about half of the emission measured at a much lower angular resolution. The morphology of the source is comparable with either a radio core with a one-sided jet or a compact or a medium-size symmetric object (CSO/MSO). If the source is a CSO/MSO, and assuming an advance speed of 0.2c, then the estimated kinematic age is ∼104 years.
Use of Machine Learning Techniques to Determine Trends in Pediatric Orthopaedic Literature

Machine Learning (ML), a form of artificial intelligence, has been used to determine trends in multiple scientific areas. There are no published demonstrations of the utilization of ML methods to analyze Pediatric Orthopaedic literature. All abstracts and article titles published in the Journals of Pediatric Orthopaedics A&B from 2000-2020 were analyzed using Natural Language Processing (NLP), which is a form of Machine Learning. A specific model of NLP (Latent Dirichlet Allo - cation, or LDA) was utilized to delineate 50 groups of often-associated terms (words), which are defined by NLP as “topics”. Goals of the study included ranking the “Topics” from highest to lowest prevalence and by the number of associated abstracts published within JPO A&B during the period reviewed. In addition, the title of the best-fit abstract was to be determined by the model, and the 3 topics that trended with the greatest (hottest) and least (coldest) activity over time were to be identified. A total of 5145 abstracts were analyzed, and 50 topics were generated. All topics were ranked by prevalence, and the number of abstracts associated with each topic was noted. The 3 topics that trended “Hottest” and “Coldest” over the study period (p < 0.001) are presented graphically. This project demonstrates the feasibility of the application of Machine Learning to Pediatric Orthopaedic literature. Routine use of algorithm-based tools may minimize human error and bias that can be inherent in large and tedious reviews. The potential benefits of these types of processes could be significant in the future.
Corynespora leaf spot of Ligustrum quihoui caused by Corynespora cassiicola in China

Abstract Ligustrum quihoui is a perennial shrub that has been cultivated in China as a landscape plant. In November 2020, leaf spots on L. quihoui were observed in several residential areas in the east of Anqing city. Symptoms first appeared as small dark brown dots on the leaf surface which then became larger, forming necrotic lesions and resulting in intense defoliation. To identify the pathogen, infected leaves were collected and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Three cultures were isolated from the diseased leaves, which grew to form olive green colonies after 5 days of incubation on PDA. Based on colony characteristics, morphology phylogenetic analysis of ribosome transcriptional spacers (rDNA-ITS), and pathogenicity tests, the causal agent of leaf spot on L. quihoui was identified as Corynespora cassiicola. This is the first report to show that C. cassiicola can cause leaf spot on L. quihoui.
On geometry of a special class of solutions to generalised WDVV equations

A special class of solutions to the generalised WDVV equations related to a ﬁnite set of covectors is considered. We describe the geometric conditions ( ∨ conditions) on such a set which are necessary and suﬃcient for the corresponding function to satisfy the generalised WDVV equations. These conditions are satisﬁed for all Coxeter systems but there are also other examples discovered in the theory of the generalised Calogero-Moser systems. As a result some new solutions for the generalized WDVV equations are found.
Hydrogen incorporation induced metal-semiconductor transition in ZnO:H thin films sputtered at room temperature

The room temperature deposited ZnO:H thin films having high conductivity of 500 Ω−1 cm−1 and carrier concentration reaching 1.23 × 1020 cm−3 were reactively sputter deposited on glass substrates in the presence of O2 and 5% H2 in Ar. A metal-semiconductor transition at 165 K is induced by the increasing hydrogen incorporation in the films. Hydrogen forms shallow donor complex with activation energy of ∼10–20 meV at oxygen vacancies (VO) leading to increase in carrier concentration. Hydrogen also passivates VO and VZn causing ∼4 times enhancement of mobility to 25.4 cm2/V s. These films have potential for use in transparent flexible electronics.
The Variability in Skill of 72-hour Global-Scale NMC Forecasts

Abstract The variability in skill of NMC 72-h 500 mb forecasts during recent winter is examined. Root-mean-square error, anomaly correlation, and the Fisher z-transformation of the anomaly correlation are used as measures of skill. This latter score is appropriate for measuring variability because it produces nearly Gaussian distributions of scores. The annual mean skill of the forecasts improves throughout the period examined, but there is no trend in the variability of the z-transformed anomaly correlations. Thus model improvements do not seem to have improved forecast reliability. The temporal power spectrum of skill is red and the 1-day lag correlation of anomaly correlation scores is 0.60 during our sample period. Heights at 500 mb have a similar spectrum during the sampling period, so it may be that certain elements of the atmospheric flow can be used to predict the likely skill of a forecast. A few potential predictors are tested and some of these, e.g., the persistence of the flow and the spatial .
Advancing measurement of zero-group-velocity Lamb waves using PVDF-TrFE transducers: first data and application to in situ health monitoring of multilayer bonded structures

Driven by the rapid advancement in manufacturing technologies, engineering structures with complex geometries are increasingly applied in various industries, posing challenges to the applicability and adaptability of existing structural health monitoring methods based on guided ultrasonic waves. To fulfill the characterization of defects in complex structures, a novel approach featuring a conjunction of zero-group-velocity (ZGV) Lamb waves and polarized poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) transducers is proposed. In this approach, the PVDF-TrFE solvent is deposited and in situ polarized on the structure surface to form thin and flexible coatings, with which the ZGV waves can be excited efficiently and measured reliably. On this basis, the defect can be characterized by investigating the defect-induced alteration in ZGV wave features. In experimental validations, disbond defects in multilayer bonded structures are evaluated using the ZGV waves measured with fabricated PVDF-TrFE transducers. For the first time, the ZGV waves are measured in a contact and in situ manner. Compared with conventional noncontact measurement of ZGV waves, the proposed approach features a remarkably improved reliability, convenience for narrowband excitation, immunity to measurement uncertainty and capability of in situ monitoring. The proposed approach can advance the ZGV wave-based methods toward the in situ health monitoring and enable the defect evaluation in emerging complex structures.