Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
John Lyons (ed.), New horizons in linguistics . Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1970. Pp. 358.

ativa' in Spanish (136) and in Portuguese (133). The Italian text (149) uses an expression which makes more sense in the context of Croce's thought: 'una discipline meramente empirica'. Concerning Benveniste's theory of the Indo-European root, Leroy (154) mentions 'la voyelle fondamentale e avec son degrd apocope' o'; this curious expression is kept in Spanish (153) and in Portuguese (148): 'apocopado'; what was needed was obviously 'apophonique', which is presupposed by the Italian (169) and English (115) translations. Mention is made (163) of 'la notion d'affinite' linguistique, Sprachvertvandtschaft, dlfendue par Schuchardt'; but Schuchardt distinguished 'geschichtliche' and 'elementare Verwandtschaft', and used the term 'Affinitat' only for the latter; the use of 'Sprachverwandtschaft' for 'linguistic affinity' must be due to inadvertence; it has strangely been preserved by all translators. The distinction (173) between 'structurel' and 'structural' is misleadingly rendered into Italian (190) with 'strutturale' vs. 'strutturalista': but linguistics inspired by structuralism ('structurale' for Leroy) is generally called 'linguistica strutturale' in Italian. As the text is accurately printed, it may be worth while pointing out the misprints I have noticed, in view of reprints which will certainly appear: (18) 1. 6, read '1802' not '1302'; (39) 11. 14 and 27, prija and bropar ought to have 'p' in roman characters; (42) fn. 1, read 'Cristina' not 'Christina', and 'linguistic? not 'linguistica'; (44) 1. 31, read 'renovation totale'; (62) 1. 9, and in the Index, read 'Riedlinger', not 'Riedinger'; (86) 1. 3: the use of italic and roman characters in 'les hirca' and 'les zeros' needs probably some correction; (90) 11. 3-4, read 'inte're't'; (97) fn. 2, read '1921' not '1941'; (103) fn. 1, read 'Modern' not 'modern'; (114) 1. 22, read 'et' not 'tt'\ (118) fn. 4, read Teoria' not 'Teoria'; (120) fn. 3, read 'Sincronta, diacronia'', not 'Sineronia, diacronia'; (160) fn. 2, read 'linguistica sovietica', not 'linguistica'; (177) fn. 2, read 'p. 98', not 'p. 198'.
New conceptualizations for special education

ABSTRACT Current special education practices in the USA have failed to produce satisfactory results for students in terms of their learning, return to general education settings, graduation or preparation for post‐secondary education, employment or citizenship. Minor changes at the margin will not produce the necessary educational reforms. What is needed is a new paradigm based upon a different set of premises. These include new conceptualizations in terms of: (1) the relationship between the individual, his or her impairment and the resulting handicap; (2) the understanding of intelligence; (3) the location of the problem; (4) the role of the individual as learner; (5) the relationship between location of learning and level of services; (6) the roles of parents; and (7) the relationship of special to general education. Only with new understandings in these (and other) areas can we build an educational system that provides quality education for students labelled as handicapped, one that sees them as ‘capa.
On some genetic aspects of phage lambda resistance in E. coli K12.

Most mutations rendering E. coli K12 resistant to phage lambda, map in two genetic regions malA and malB. -The malB region contains a gene lamB specifically involved in the lambda receptor synthesis. Twenty-one independent lamB mutations studied by complementation belonged to a single cistron. This makes it very likely that lamB is monocistronic. Among the lamB mutants some are still sensitive to a host range mutant of phage lambda. Mutations mapping in a proximal gene essential for maltose metabolism inactivate gene lamB by polarity confirming that both genes are part of the same operon. Because cases of intracistronic complementation have been found, the active lamB product may be an oligomeric protein. -Previously all lambda resistant mutations in the malA region have been shown to map in the malT cistron. malT is believed to be a positive regulatory gene necessary for the induction of the "maltose operons" in the malA region and in the malB region of the E. coli K12 genetic map. No trans dominant malT mutation have been found. Therefore if they exist, they occur at a frequency of less than 10(-8), or strongly reduce the growth rate of the mutants.
ABC of antithrombotic therapy: Antithrombotic therapy in myocardial infarction and stable angina.

The use of thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction is now established beyond doubt. However, primary angioplasty is now proved to be an effective alternative and is used increasingly in preference to thrombolysis in many centres worldwide. Electrocardiogram indicating acute inferior myocardial infarction ### Thrombolytic treatment Current key issues relate to the clinical situations in which thrombolysis may be beneficial or contraindicated. For example, all patients with a history suggesting cardiac ischaemia and accompanying electrocardiographic changes indicating acute myocardial infarction should be considered for thrombolysis. However, patients with only ST segment depression on an electrocardiogram or with a normal electrocardiogram do not benefit from thrombolysis, and treatment should therefore be withheld. Exceptions to this are when there is evidence of new development of left bundle branch block or a true posterior myocardial infarction (shown by ST segment depression with dominant R waves present in leads V1 and V2). These situations require thrombolytic treatment. ### Indications and contraindications for thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction #### Indications #### Contraindications ##### Absolute #### Relative
Semi-supervised part-of-speech tagging in speech applications

When no training or adaptation data is available, semisupervised training is a good alternative for processing new domains. We perform Bayesian training of a part-of-speech (POS) tagger from unannotated text and a dictionary of possible tags for each word. We complement that method with supervised prediction of possible tags for out-of-vocabulary words and study the impact of both semi-supervision and starting dictionary size on three representative downstream tasks (named entity tagging, semantic role labeling, ASR output postprocessing) that use POS tags as features. The outcome is no impact or a small decrease in performance compared to using a fully supervised tagger, with even potential gains in case of domain mismatch for the supervised tagger. Tasks that trust the tags completely (like ASR post-processing) are more affected by a reduction of the starting dictionary, but still yield positive outcome.
DAILY ACTIVITY OF STOATS (MUSTELA ERMINEA), FERAL FERRETS (MUSTELA FURO) AND FERAL HOUSE CATS (FELIS CATUS) IN COASTAL GRASSLAND, OTAGO PENINSULA, NEW ZEALAND.

Several species of endemic wildlife are threatened by predation by introduced mammalian carnivores in New Zealand (King, 1990). Therefore, effective conservation management depends on effective control of the most important of the introduced predators (Brown, 1994; Moller, Ratz and Alterio, 1995). Diurnal predators eat more diurnal prey such as lizards than nocturnal predators (Baker, 1989; Alterio, 1994; Middlemiss, 1995). Consequently, a better understanding of the daily activity rhythms of introduced small mammalian carnivores may help identify which predators pose greatest risk to particular species of New Zealand wildlife. The activity rhythms of small mammalian carnivores have been studied in the Northern Hemisphere (Erlinge, 1979; Debrot et al., 1985; Robitaille and Baron, 1987; Weber, 1989), but only unpublished studies have reported on their activity patterns in New Zealand (Pierce, 1987; Baker, 1989; Murphy and Dowding, 1991; Middlemiss, 1995). The aim of this paper was to investigate and compare daily activity rhythms in autumn and spring of stoats (Mustela erminea L.), feral ferrets (M. furo L.) and feral house cats (Felis catus L.) resident on two coastal grassland sites, Sandfly Bay (4550’S, 17036’E) and Boulder Beach (4550’S, 17033’E), N. ALTERIO and H. MOLLER Ecosystems Consultants, P.O. Box 6161, Dunedin, New Zealand. Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Akan Demonstratives

Dixon (2003: 61-62) defines a demonstrative simply as “any item, other than 1 and 2 person pronouns, which can have pointing or (deictic) reference”. He suggests that all languages may have at least one demonstrative, even though their types, forms and functions may vary across languages. Diessel (1999) provides a more extensive characterization of what a demonstrative is. He characterizes demonstratives based on three features: syntactic, semantic and pragmatic. He suggests that demonstratives are deictic expressions which serve specific syntactic functions. They do not only include pronouns and adnominals, but also locational adverbs such as English here and there. At the semantic level, demonstratives found in most languages are deictically contrastive; there is usually a proximal demonstrative denoting closeness to the deictic center and a distal demonstrative denoting some relative distance from the deictic center. The distinction may be more elaborate in some languages, as reflected in the existence of demonstrative systems which exhibit more than a two-way proximal-distal distinction. Spanish, for instance, has proximal, medial and distal demonstratives (este, ese and aquel, respectively). Levinson (1983) cites languages like Tlingit (North West American) and Samal (The Philippines) which have a four-way distinction and Malagasy (Austronesian) which has a six-way distinction. However, as Diessel correctly remarks, there are a few languages, like German (cf. dies ‘this/that’) and French (cf. ce/cette/ces), which have distance-neutral demonstratives. Even so, these languages have the capacity to linguistically distinguish distance if need be (cf. French ce-ci and ce-là). Pragmatically, demonstratives are used to focus an interlocutor’s attention on objects or locations in the speech situation. They are used to organize the information flow in an ongoing discourse by specifically keeping track of prior discourse participants and activating shared information. The aim of this paper is two fold. First it seeks to give a description of the types and forms of demonstratives in the Akan (a Niger-Congo (Kwa branch)) language. Second, it looks at the issue of reference resolution with regard to these demonstratives, using Gundel et al.’s (1993) Givenness Hierarchy. The following section provides a general description of the types and forms of demonstratives as provided by Dixon (2003) and Diessel (1999). Dixon identifies three categories of demonstratives as opposed to Diessel’s four categories. §3 focuses on the description of Akan demonstratives. Following Diessel’s classification, the Akan demonstratives are classified into four major categories. §4 is
Partisan Effects of Voter Turnout in Senatorial and Gubernatorial Elections

Conventional wisdom holds that higher turnout favors Democrats. Previous studies of this hypothesis rely on presidential and House elections or on survey data, but senatorial and gubernatorial elections offer better conditions for directly testing turnout effects in U.S. politics. In a comprehensive analysis of these statewide elections since 1928, we find that the conventional theory was true outside the South through 1964, but since 1965 the overall relationship between turnout and partisan outcomes has been insignificant. Even before the mid-1960s, the turnout effect outside the South was strongest in Republican states and insignificant or negative in heavily Democratic states. A similar but weaker pattern obtains after 1964. In the South, which we analyze only since 1966, higher turnout helped Republicans until 1990, but in 1990–94 the effect became pro-Democratic. The conventional theory cannot account for these complex patterns, but they are impressively consistent with DeNardo's (1980) theory.
Light and growth in marine phytoplankton: allometric, taxonomic, and environmental variation

Light‐dependent growth of phytoplankton is a fundamental process in marine ecosystems, but we lack a comprehensive view of how light utilization traits vary across genotypes and species, and how this variation is structured by cell size, taxonomy, and environmental gradients. Here, we compile 308 growth‐irradiance experiments performed on 119 species of marine phytoplankton from all major functional groups, and characterize growth‐irradiance relationships in terms of the initial slope of the growth‐irradiance curve (α), the optimal irradiance above which growth declines (Iopt), and the maximum growth rate (μmax). We find that α declines with increasing cell size, although cell size appears to be a weak constraint on this trait. There are significant differences across taxa in α and μmax, with dinoflagellates, raphidophytes, and diazotrophs having the lowest values for both traits, and Phaeocystis spp. and diatoms having relatively high values. Iopt does not vary among taxonomic groups, and all traits exhibit large variation within most groups. Open‐ocean isolates tend to have higher α, lower Iopt, and lower μmax than coastal isolates, implying adaptation to low light and low productivity. The three traits are correlated across species such that α and Iopt are negatively related while μmax is positively correlated with both of these traits. There is some evidence that high α carries a cost of high N demand even when nitrogen (not light) is limiting. The results elucidate contrasting light‐related ecological strategies across phytoplankton and should help improve the parameterization of major functional groups in biogeochemical models.
TELEVISION VIEWING HABITS AND TIME USE IN AUSTRALIAN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

The overall aim in this study was to investigate time use in Australian preschool children, paying close attention to the types of television programs and videos/DVDs they watch. Ninety‐two mothers of preschool children completed five activity diaries, for three typical weekdays and two weekend days. On average, children spent around just over 1 hour per weekday watching television and 30 minutes watching videos/DVDs; on weekends they spent on average 1 hour watching television and the same amount of time watching videos/DVDs. On weekdays, children spent more time watching child informative television; on the weekend they spent more time watching child animated television programs. When not watching television, children were mainly engaged in general play or in outdoor play. Child informative television was associated positively with time spent outdoors and in general and pretend play on weekdays (and for general play also on weekend days), whereas overall television viewing was correlated negatively with reading. Our findings suggest that the content of television programs may play a critical role in the relationship between television and other daily activities.
Efficient rate-distortion optimization for HEVC using SSIM and motion homogeneity

Rate-distortion optimization is widely used in modern video codecs to make various encoder decisions in order to optimize the trade-off between bit-rate and quality. The distortion models used in HEVC are mean squared error (MSE) and sum of absolute difference (SAD), both of which are not always reflective of perceptual quality. In this paper, we show that SSIM, which has been found to be a good indicator of image visual quality, can be used as the distortion metric in the RDO framework in a simple yet effective manner by modifying the Lagrange multiplier used in RDO with the difference of motion homogeneity. Experiments show that the proposed scheme can achieve better rate-SSIM performance and provide higher subjective quality when compared with HEVC test model 10 (HM10.0) anchor.
Recognizing Objects in-the-Wild: Where do we Stand?

The ability to recognize objects is an essential skill for a robotic system acting in human-populated environments. Despite decades of effort from the robotic and vision research communities, robots are still missing good visual perceptual systems, preventing the use of autonomous agents for realworld applications. The progress is slowed down by the lack of a testbed able to accurately represent the world perceived by the robot in-the-wild. In order to fill this gap, we introduce a large-scale, multi-view object dataset collected with an RGB-D camera mounted on a mobile robot. The dataset embeds the challenges faced by a robot in a real-life application and provides a useful tool for validating object recognition algorithms. Besides describing the characteristics of the dataset, the paper evaluates the performance of a collection of well-established deep convolutional networks on the new dataset and analyzes the transferability of deep representations from Web images to robotic data. Despite the promising results obtained with such representations, the experiments demonstrate that object classification with real-life robotic data is far from being solved. Finally, we provide a comparative study to analyze and highlight the open challenges in robot vision, explaining the discrepancies in the performance.
Chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea in patients suffering from breast cancer in the Northwest of Iran

South Asian Journal of Cancer ♦ October-December 2014 ♦ Volume 3♦ Issue 4 233 Table 1: Staining score of MUC2 and MUC5A with histomorphological diagnosis Mucin type Normal mucosa HP LGD HGD Mucinous adenocarcinoma MUC2 High High High Intermediate Negative MUC5AC Negative Negative Intermediate Intermediate High MUC=Mucin, HP=Hyperplastic polyp, LGD=Low‐grade dysplasia, HGD=High‐grade dysplasia, MUC=Mucins
Electronic band structure of CaBi2Sr2Cu2O8.

La structure de bande du quadratique centre CaBi 2 Sr 2 Cu 2 O 8 est calculee dans une approche de fonctionnelle de densite locale par une methode d'orbitales muffin-tin linearisee avec une approximation de sphere atomique. Les caracteristiques majeures de bande au niveau de Fermi incluent une paire de bandes presqu'a moitie remplies Cu-O 3d-2p et une paire de bandes legerement remplies Bi 6p qui produit des porteurs de charge additionnels dans les plans Bi-O
Temporal features of human tendon vibration illusions

Muscle spindles provide information about the position and movement of our bodies. One method for investigating spindle signals is tendon vibration. Vibration of flexor tendons can produce illusions of extension, and vibration of extensor tendons can produce illusions of flexion. Here we estimate the temporal resolution and persistence of these illusions. In Experiments 1 and 2, sequences of alternating vibration of wrist flexor and extensor tendons produced position illusions that varied with alternation period. When vibrations alternated at 1 Hz or slower, perceived position at the end of the sequence depended on the last vibration. When vibrations alternated every 0.3 s, perceived position was independent of the last vibration. Experiment 2 verified and extended these results using more trials and concurrent electromyographic recording. Although tendon vibrations sometimes induce reflexive muscle activity, we found no evidence that such activity contributed to these effects. Experiment 3 investigated how long position sense is retained when not updated by current information from spindles. Our first experiments suggested that vibrating antagonistic tendons simultaneously could produce conflicting inputs, leaving position sense reliant on memory of position prior to vibration onset. We compared variability in position sense after different durations of such double vibration. After 12 s of double vibration, variability across trials exceeded levels predicted from vibrations of flexor or extensor tendons alone. This suggests that position sense memory had decayed too much to substitute for the current conflicting sensory information. Together, our results provide novel, quantitative insight into the temporal properties of tendon vibration illusions.
Estimating the prevalence and impact of antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction in 2 European countries: a cross-sectional patient survey.

OBJECTIVE Sexual dysfunction is a common side effect of antidepressant treatment, but recognition of the problem is variable. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and impact of sexual dysfunction during antidepressant treatment in 2 European countries. METHOD A cross-sectional survey of 502 adults in France and the United Kingdom. All participants were diagnosed with depression and taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), starting within the previous 3 months. Information was gathered about other medications and conditions known to impair sexual functioning, recent changes in sexual functioning, and the impact of any changes. The Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey and the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale were administered to measure health status and sexual functioning. Data were collected from June to July of 2002. RESULTS Applying a prevalence estimate algorithm, 26.6% of the French sample and 39.2% of the U.K. sample were classified as having antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction; 34.2% of men and 32.5% of women were classified with antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction. There was no clear pattern of antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction related to specific antidepressants. Patients with antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction reported that changes in sexual functioning negatively affected their self-esteem, mood, and relationships with sexual partners. 23.8% of the French sample and 25.2% of the U.K. sample reported that they perceived that their partner was dissatisfied with their sex life. CONCLUSION The prevalence of antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction in this study is similar to previous estimates reported in the literature. The impact of antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction is substantial and negatively affects quality of life, self-esteem, mood, and relationships with sexual partners.
Pluralism, Reformed Pluralism and Neopluralism: The Role of Pressure Groups in Policy-Making

The critics of pluralism have often been rejected by pluralists who argue that their criticism has either attacked a caricature or they have defined pluralism so vaguely as to make it difficult to criticize with certainty. ’ It is certainly true that a crude stereotype of pluralism has frequently been the subject of debate rather than the true arguments of pluralists. Therefore, the aim of this article is to present the ‘best-case’ definition of pluralism and to demonstrate that problems remain with even the most sophisticated models of pluralism. The article will also examine pluralists’ attempts to overcome their critics and evaluate how successful they have been in this task. It will demonstrate that the recent adaptations of pluralism have made many useful advances but that there is still room for further improvement.