Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recommendations in using group key management algorithms

We study the advantages and applicability of stateful and stateless rekeying algorithms to different applications. We analytically compare the storage cost and the rekeying cost (number of unit-size encrypted messages) of LKH and SDR in immediate and batch rekeying scenarios. We implemented the two algorithms and simulated different membership scenarios to compare the rekeying cost. The simulation study shows that LKH performs better in immediate rekeying and small batch rekeying, whereas stateless rekeying performs better as we process membership changes in larger batches. In some cases, stateless rekeying was observed to be as inefficient as encrypting the group key separately for each member of the group. We also report on the effect of member adjacency on rekeying cost. Based on our analysis, we make recommendations in using group key management algorithms for various application scenarios.
Web Image Clustering Based on Multi-instance

In image retrieval and annotation, multi-instance learning has been studied actively. Most of the methods solve the MIL problem in a supervised way. In this paper, we proposed two unsupervised frameworks for clustering multi-instance objects based on expectation maximization (EM) and iterative heuristic optimization respectively. For each framework, we introduced three new algorithms of finding users' interests on specific Web images without any manual labeled data. And comparative studies have shown the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Sensory receptors in the anterior uvea of the cat's eye. An in vitro study.

PURPOSE To identify electrophysiologically the functional types of sensory fibers innervating the iris and the ciliary body of the cat's eye. METHODS The uveal tract tract of cat's eye was excised and placed in a superfusion chamber. Recordings were made from single afferent units of ciliary nerve branches responding to mechanical stimulation of the iridal surface, the ciliary body, and the choroid with a nylon filament or a glass rod. Chemical sensitivity was explored by applying acetic acid, hypertonic NaCl, and bradykinin. Warm (60 degrees C) and cold (4 degrees C) saline and a servocontrolled thermode were used for thermal stimulation. RESULTS Thirty per cent of the studied population of sensory units (n = 95) were spontaneously active when the recording was started. Approximately 30% of the fibers conducted in the lowest range of the A-delta group; the remaining 70% were C fibers. Sustained mechanical stimulation of the receptive area elicited a tonic response in approximately 60% of the units, and a phasic response in the remaining 40%. Exposure of the receptive field of mechanosensitive fibers to 600 mM NaCl evoked a long-lasting discharge in 50% of the units; application of 1 to 10 mM acetic acid elicited a short discharge in 30% of the fibers, often followed by inactivation. Bradykinin (1 to 100 microMs) produced a long-lasting response in almost 50% of the units. Warming the receptive field recruited 20% of the explored units, whereas 17% were activated by low temperature. CONCLUSIONS Two main functional types of sensory fibers innervating the iris and the ciliary body were distinguished: (1) mechanoreceptors, corresponding to afferent units sensitive only to mechanical stimuli were generally silent at rest, had relatively higher force thresholds, and discharged phasically in response to long-lasting mechanical stimulation; (2) polymodal nociceptors, which were activated by mechanical as well as by chemical and/or thermal stimuli, usually displayed spontaneous activity, had lower force thresholds, and fired tonically upon sustained mechanical stimulation.
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

OBJECTIVE To review evidence-based knowledge of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). DATA SOURCES AND EXTRACTION We reviewed published articles regarding pediatric OSAS; extracted the clinical symptoms, syndromes, polysomnographic findings and variables, and treatment options, and reviewed the authors' recommendations. DATA SYNTHESIS Orthodontic and craniofacial abnormalities related to pediatric OSAS are commonly ignored, despite their impact on public health. One area of controversy involves the use of a respiratory disturbance index to define various abnormalities, but apneas and hypopneas are not the only abnormalities obtained on polysomnograms, which can be diagnostic for sleep-disordered breathing. Adenotonsillectomy is often considered the treatment of choice for pediatric OSAS. However, many clinicians may not discern which patient population is most appropriate for this type of intervention; the isolated finding of small tonsils is not sufficient to rule out the need for surgery. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure can be an effective treatment option, but it entails cooperation and training of the child and the family. A valid but often overlooked alternative, orthodontic treatment, may complement adenotonsillectomy. CONCLUSIONS Many complaints and syndromes are associated with pediatric OSAS. This diagnosis should be considered in patients who report the presence of such symptoms and syndromes.
The Effect of Accompanying In Situ Ductal Carcinoma on Accuracy of Measuring Malignant Breast Tumor Size Using B-Mode Ultrasonography and Real-Time Sonoelastography

Objectives. Clinical estimation of malignant breast tumor size is critical for preoperative planning and is crucial for following up the tumor's response to the therapy in case she receives a neoadjuvant chemotharapy. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) accompanies about 25.4% of detected invasive breast cancers. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the presence of DCIS on the accuracy of the ultrasonographic measuring malignant breast tumor size using B-mode and real time elastography. Materials and Methods. We recruited histologically confirmed breast cancer patients in a prospective observational study. Results. We recruited 50 breast cancer patients with a median age of 57.5 years. DCIS was confirmed to accompany 42% (n = 21) of the cases. Tumor size estimation using B-mode sonography (P < 0.001) as well as using real time elastography (P < 0.001). was statistically significant correlated to the actual tumor size. Presence of DCIS in 42% of our recruited patients affected the tumor size estimation using both methods thus losing the correlation between both estimations (P = 0.794). Conclusion. This study shows that the presence of DCIS significantly affects the accuracy of measuring the sizes of malignant breast tumors when using either B-mode ultrasonography or real time elastography.
Association between depressive disorders and risk of breast cancer recurrence after curative surgery

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the association between depressive disorders and risk of tumor recurrence in patients with breast cancer after curative surgery. A nationwide cohort study between January 2001 and December 2007 was conducted. Data were taken from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Among 30,659 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, we identified 1147 breast cancer patients with depressive disorders and 2294 matched breast cancer patients without depressive disorders, both of whom received curative breast surgery between January 2003 and December 2007. The risk of first tumor recurrence was compared between patients who developed depressive disorders after breast surgery (depressive disorder cohort, n = 1147) and matched patients who did not develop depressive disorders (matched nondepressive disorder cohort, n = 2294). Cumulative incidences and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated after adjusting for competing mortality. The depressive disorder cohort had a higher rate of recurrence when compared with the matched nondepressive disorder cohort (17.1% vs 12.5%; P < .001). The Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed a predisposition of patients with depressive disorders to suffer from recurrence (log-rank test, P < .001). After multivariate adjustment, the HR for subsequent recurrence among the depressive disorder cohort was 1.373 (95% confidence interval 1.098–1.716, P = 0.005). Moreover, the depressive disorder cohort had higher risk of overall mortality even though not significant after adjusted (adjusted HR 1.271, 95% confidence interval 0.930–1.737, P = 0.132). Depressive disorder was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer recurrence among patients after curative breast surgery.
Data Set Selection

We introduce the community to a new construction principle whose practical implications are very broad. Central to this research is the idea of improving the presentation of algorithms in the literature and making them more appealing. We define a new notion of capacity for data sets and derive a methodology for selecting from them. Our experiments demonstrate that even not-so-good algorithms can be shown significantly better than competitors. We present some experimental results, which are very promising.
Sporadic and Familial Congenital Cataracts: Mutational Spectrum and New Diagnoses Using Next‐Generation Sequencing

Congenital cataracts are a significant cause of lifelong visual loss. They may be isolated or associated with microcornea, microphthalmia, anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) and glaucoma, and there can be syndromic associations. Genetic diagnosis is challenging due to marked genetic heterogeneity. In this study, next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of 32 cataract‐associated genes was undertaken in 46 apparently nonsyndromic congenital cataract probands, around half sporadic and half familial cases. We identified pathogenic variants in 70% of cases, and over 68% of these were novel. In almost two‐thirds (20/33) of these cases, this resulted in new information about the diagnosis and/or inheritance pattern. This included identification of: new syndromic diagnoses due to NHS or BCOR mutations; complex ocular phenotypes due to PAX6 mutations; de novo autosomal‐dominant or X‐linked mutations in sporadic cases; and mutations in two separate cataract genes in one family. Variants were found in the crystallin and gap junction genes, including the first report of severe microphthalmia and sclerocornea associated with a novel GJA8 mutation. Mutations were also found in rarely reported genes including MAF, VIM, MIP, and BFSP1. Targeted NGS in presumed nonsyndromic congenital cataract patients provided significant diagnostic information in both familial and sporadic cases.
The product state capacity of a periodic channel

In this paper we develop a quantum version of Feinstein’s Lemma and use it to give a new proof of the direct channel coding theorem for transmission of classical information through a periodic quantum channel, when the inputs to multiple uses of the channel are restricted to product states. Moreover, we also prove the analogue of the converse channel coding theorem for this class of channels. 1 Preliminaries Let B(H) denote the algebra of linear operators acting on a finite–dimensional Hilbert space H, and S(H) denote the set of all positive operators of unit trace in B(H), i.e., states (or density matrices). The von Neumann entropy of a state ρ is defined as S(ρ) = −Tr ρ log ρ, where the logarithm is taken to base 2. A general quantum channel is given by completely positive trace– preserving (CPT) maps Φ : B(H⊗n) → B(K⊗n), where H and K are the
A WEB-BASED INTERACTIVE TOOL FOR MULTI-RESOLUTION 3D MODELS OF A MAYA ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE

Abstract. Continuous technological advances in surveying, computing and digital-content delivery are strongly contributing to a change in the way Cultural Heritage is "perceived": new tools and methodologies for documentation, reconstruction and research are being created to assist not only scholars, but also to reach more potential users (e.g. students and tourists) willing to access more detailed information about art history and archaeology. 3D computer-simulated models, sometimes set in virtual landscapes, offer for example the chance to explore possible hypothetical reconstructions, while on-line GIS resources can help interactive analyses of relationships and change over space and time. While for some research purposes a traditional 2D approach may suffice, this is not the case for more complex analyses concerning spatial and temporal features of architecture, like for example the relationship of architecture and landscape, visibility studies etc. The project aims therefore at creating a tool, called "QueryArch3D" tool, which enables the web-based visualisation and queries of an interactive, multi-resolution 3D model in the framework of Cultural Heritage. More specifically, a complete Maya archaeological site, located in Copan (Honduras), has been chosen as case study to test and demonstrate the platform’s capabilities. Much of the site has been surveyed and modelled at different levels of detail (LoD) and the geometric model has been semantically segmented and integrated with attribute data gathered from several external data sources. The paper describes the characteristics of the research work, along with its implementation issues and the initial results of the developed prototype.
Genome sequence of the model sulfate reducer Desulfovibrio gigas: a comparative analysis within the Desulfovibrio genus

Desulfovibrio gigas is a model organism of sulfate‐reducing bacteria of which energy metabolism and stress response have been extensively studied. The complete genomic context of this organism was however, not yet available. The sequencing of the D. gigas genome provides insights into the integrated network of energy conserving complexes and structures present in this bacterium. Comparison with genomes of other Desulfovibrio spp. reveals the presence of two different CRISPR/Cas systems in D. gigas. Phylogenetic analysis using conserved protein sequences (encoded by rpoB and gyrB) indicates two main groups of Desulfovibrio spp, being D. gigas more closely related to D. vulgaris and D. desulfuricans strains. Gene duplications were found such as those encoding fumarate reductase, formate dehydrogenase, and superoxide dismutase. Complexes not yet described within Desulfovibrio genus were identified: Mnh complex, a v‐type ATP‐synthase as well as genes encoding the MinCDE system that could be responsible for the larger size of D. gigas when compared to other members of the genus. A low number of hydrogenases and the absence of the codh/acs and pfl genes, both present in D. vulgaris strains, indicate that intermediate cycling mechanisms may contribute substantially less to the energy gain in D. gigas compared to other Desulfovibrio spp. This might be compensated by the presence of other unique genomic arrangements of complexes such as the Rnf and the Hdr/Flox, or by the presence of NAD(P)H related complexes, like the Nuo, NfnAB or Mnh.
Rejecting Babel: examining multilingualism without citizenship in the U.S. postnational scenario

ABSTRACT Despite the long history of multilingualism in the U.S., language rights debates have tended to center almost exclusively on the acquisition of English as an issue of equity for citizens who are speakers of other languages. Policies advanced in the name of “access” and “equity” continue to frame English as the only viable means through which citizens can enjoy the full benefits of national membership. Seldom, however, is the legislative culture that surrounds monolingualism examined as being contradictory to the liberal principles of liberty and equality upon which Western democracies are founded. The purpose of this article is to examine how legislative discourse contributes to the regulation of monolingualism as a culture within super-diverse linguistic landscapes such as the U.S., and how the legislation of language rights in federal courts unduly promotes the “dis-citizenship” of speakers of languages other than English [Ramanathan, V. (2013). Language policies and (dis)citizenship: Rights, access, pedagogies. Bristol: Multilingual Matters; Wodak, R. (2013). Dis-citizenship and migration: A critical discourse-analytical perspective. Journal of Language, Identity & Education, 12(3), 173–178. doi:10.1080/15348458.2013. 797258]. This article analyzes, specifically, how federal courts’ pronouncements on language rights disputes have continuously sustained monolingualism as a corollary of citizenship. The article concludes with a discussion on the challenges and advantages of rearticulating linguistic rights within the U.S. current postnational scenario through the lens of an “ethnolinguistic democracy” [Fishman in Skutnabb-Kangas, T. , & Phillipson, R. (1995). Linguistic human rights: Overcoming linguistic discrimination. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter].
Text extraction using artificial neural networks

Computerized text extraction from a number of static resources speeds up the process in offices, libraries, banks and a variety of other places. Text extraction can be done using a number of different techniques depending upon the need of system and accuracy level. Artificial Neural Networks have a well reputed history in this regard that they have a wonderful accuracy level for automated text extraction. This research paper shows the different modifications that can be made to existing text extraction techniques using backpropagation artificial neural networks. Classification of input patterns to categories on the basis of character width considerably increases the accuracy of results. Hidden layer optimization techniques can also contribute to the accuracy of recognizing patterns. Moreover, learning rates were got by trial and error methodology, which may help in enhancing the overall accuracy of such systems.
Label-Free Quantification of MicroRNAs Using Ligase-Assisted Sandwich Hybridization on a DNA Microarray

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can be used as biomarkers for cancer and other human diseases; therefore, high-throughput and reliable miRNA-quantification methods are required to exploit these markers for diagnostic testing. In this report, we describe the construction of a platform for miRNA-quantification using ligase-assisted sandwich hybridization (LASH) without miRNA-labeling. T4 DNA ligase was used to compensate for the low affinity between miRNAs and two short complementary DNA probes, and it improved the hybridization yield ∼50,000 times. The LASH assay enabled synthesized miR-143 to be quantified at concentrations ranging from 30 fM to 30 pM. The LASH assay could also quantify endogenous miR-143 released from cultured cells as well as some miRNAs in total RNAs derived from blood. Furthermore, multi-color detection enabled us to distinguish between the highly homologous miR-141 and miR-200a. This simple label-free quantification technique is an easy-to-use approach that can be applied to disease diagnosis.
Effects of the social dominance orientation on environmental attitudes of Chilean university students / Efectos de la orientación a la dominancia social sobre las actitudes ambientales de universitarios chilenos

Abstract By adopting a multidimensional approach to environmental attitudes (apathy, anthropocentrism, connectedness and emotional affinity with nature), this study explores the relationships between these dimensions, social dominance orientation (SDO) and political orientation. Two hundred and sixty-two Chilean university students filled out an ad hoc online questionnaire. Two confirmatory factorial analyses showed the four typologies of environmental attitudes and the two factors for SDO, which are labelled group dominance and opposition to equality. Through hierarchical regressions, group dominance showed higher explanatory power of environmental attitudes than political orientation. Furthermore, using the bootstrap procedure we showed that group dominance mediated between political orientation and attitudes of apathy, anthropocentrism and connectedness, while opposition to equality mediated between apathy and emotional affinity. We conclude that SDO is an important variable for measuring political ideology while also providing new nuances when analysing the relationships with environmental attitudes.
Genetic algorithm-based energy efficient multicast scheduling for WiMAX relay networks

IEEE 802.16e (also known as Mobile WiMAX) is the international standard for wireless metropolitan area networks. To enhance the network throughput and extend the coverage of base station, IEEE then defined the 802.16j standard. Clearly, one of the popular applications for WiMAX is the multicast service. On the other hand, the design of power saving technologies is important since mobile stations are often powered by batteries. Hence we want to study the maximum energy-efficient multicast scheduling (MEMS) problem for an IEEE 802.16j network with transparent mode. Specifically, the base station should determine how to schedule the multicast data in a multicast superframe such that the multicast energy efficiency of the network is maximal. To the best of our knowledge, this problem has never been seriously addressed before. In this paper, we first formally model the MEMS problem, which is NP-complete. To solve this problem in real-time, we then propose a genetic algorithm, named GAMS, to quickly obtain the suboptimal multicast scheduling. The use of genetic algorithm is justified by the fact that the base station can control when to terminate the iterative process of evolution at any time needed. Simulation results show that GAMS is promising in terms of execution time and multicast energy efficiency.
Moral and social antecedents of young adults’ attitudes toward social inequality and social justice values

In light of growing social stratification, there have been calls to better understand the developmental antecedents of attitudes and values related to social inequality. In this study we predicted attitudes toward social inequality and social justice values from moral and social antecedents in a representative sample of Swiss adolescents (N = 1,258) at 15 (Time 1), 18 (Time 2), and 21 years of age (Time 3). We assessed children’s sympathy and morals in the context of individuals’ decision-making and anticipation of emotions in moral dilemmas. Social-contextual factors included relationship quality, which was assessed by the quality of one’s closest friendship and education level. Adolescents who reported higher friendship quality and sympathy showed stronger attitudes toward social inequality later. Interestingly, adolescents’ own education level at age 18 positively predicted attitudes toward social inequality at age 21 above and beyond parent education level, but only marginally at a younger age. Social justice values at age 18 were predicted by sympathy and the anticipation of moral emotions at age 15, and social justice values at age 21 were associated with sympathy at age 18. Results are discussed with respect to the potential significance of morality and social-contextual factors in the development of attitudes toward social inequality and social justice values in early adulthood.