Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel low power static frequency divider based on the GDI technique

In this paper a Low power divide-by-two static frequency divider using GDI D flip-flop is proposed which uses only single clock phase. So, the timing problem of complementary clock signals is relaxed. This divider is simulated in a standard 0. 18µm CMOS process. Simulation results indicate that the proposed divider consumes, in the worst case, 3.74mW power at 3.3V supply voltage and maximum operating frequency up to 7.3GHz, and the power consumption is 10. 7µW by using of a 1V supply voltage at 1GHz input frequency.
Fucoxanthin Enhances the Level of Reduced Glutathione via the Nrf2-Mediated Pathway in Human Keratinocytes

Fucoxanthin, a natural carotenoid, is abundant in seaweed with antioxidant properties. This study investigated the role of fucoxanthin in the induction of antioxidant enzymes involved in the synthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH), synthesized by glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS), via Akt/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related (Nrf2) pathway in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Fucoxanthin treatment increased the mRNA and protein levels of GCLC and GSS in HaCaT cells. In addition, fucoxanthin treatment promoted the nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of Nrf2, a transcription factor for the genes encoding GCLC and GSS. Chromatin immune-precipitation and luciferase reporter gene assays revealed that fucoxanthin treatment increased the binding of Nrf2 to the antioxidant response element (ARE) sequence and transcriptional activity of Nrf2. Fucoxanthin treatment increased phosphorylation of Akt (active form), an up-regulator of Nrf2 and exposure to LY294002, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitor, suppressed the fucoxanthin-induced activation of Akt, Nrf2, resulting in decreased GCLC and GSS expression. In accordance with the effects on GCLC and GSS expression, fucoxanthin induced the level of GSH. In addition, fucoxanthin treatment recovered the level of GSH reduced by ultraviolet B irradiation. Taken together, these findings suggest that fucoxanthin treatment augments cellular antioxidant defense by inducing Nrf2-driven expression of enzymes involved in GSH synthesis via PI3K/Akt signaling.
La satisfacción de las mujeres empresarias: Factores determinantes

The aim of this paper is to make a satisfaction model of women entrepreneurs assuming that the level of satisfaction will make their companies more successful. We carried out a survey of women entrepreneurs and analyzed the satisfaction level using a structural equation model. Results showed that, in general, women entrepreneurs are quite satisfied with their job. Furthermore, these results led us to conclude that to achieve greater success, women entrepreneurs should build a business in which they are trained, in a sector where they have expertise and where they find good business opportunities, a market niche with competitive advantages.
Parenting Behavior and Self-Efficacy of the Multicultural Mothers with Young Children and the Rearing Support from Fathers

The purpose of the present study is to explore factors that affect the parenting behavior of marriage migrant women thereby affecting the growth and development of young children in multicultural families. Relevant data were collected through 139 marriage migrant women in South Korea. The effects of mother’s self-efficacy and father’s rearing support on mother’s parenting behavior were examined and according to the results, among the sub-factors of father’s rearing support, emotional support had the largest effects on mother’s parenting behavior followed by mother’s self-confidence and father’s material support in order of precedence. In conclusion, husband’s emotional support has the largest effects on child rearing in multicultural families. These results indicate that interventions to derive father’s active rearing support are necessary in order to relieve the child rearing burdens.
Active Learning in Adversarial Distributed Domains Involving Networks ( ALADDIN )

Active learning allows models to choose training instances in an online setting. One unexplored domain where this comes into practice is in adversarial learning. As well as a number of new theoretical considerations, using active learning in adversarial domains may give valuable insight into how to design security systems to deter malicious users. Applying active learning in an adversarial setting results in a number of new considerations when designing a query method. We evaluate a number of query methods that may have value in the adversarial problem domain of network intrusion detection, and present a new method, k-Safe Axes. K-Safe Axes simulates a malicious user by attempting to find network attacks which could bypass a network intrusion detector. Our results are inconclusive, but show the need for further exploration of k-Safe Axes and other active learning query methods in this domain.
The Pokeweed Leaf mRNA Transcriptome and Its Regulation by Jasmonic Acid

The American pokeweed plant, Phytolacca americana, is recognized for synthesizing pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP), a ribosome inactivating protein (RIP) that inhibits the replication of several plant and animal viruses. The plant is also a heavy metal accumulator with applications in soil remediation. However, little is known about pokeweed stress responses, as large-scale sequencing projects have not been performed for this species. Here, we sequenced the mRNA transcriptome of pokeweed in the presence and absence of jasmonic acid (JA), a hormone mediating plant defense. Trinity-based de novo assembly of mRNA from leaf tissue and BLASTx homology searches against public sequence databases resulted in the annotation of 59 096 transcripts. Differential expression analysis identified JA-responsive genes that may be involved in defense against pathogen infection and herbivory. We confirmed the existence of several PAP isoforms and cloned a potentially novel isoform of PAP. Expression analysis indicated that PAP isoforms are differentially responsive to JA, perhaps indicating specialized roles within the plant. Finally, we identified 52 305 natural antisense transcript pairs, four of which comprised PAP isoforms, suggesting a novel form of RIP gene regulation. This transcriptome-wide study of a Phytolaccaceae family member provides a source of new genes that may be involved in stress tolerance in this plant. The sequences generated in our study have been deposited in the SRA database under project # SRP069141.
Intrathecal morphine reduces breakthrough pain during labour epidural analgesia.

BACKGROUND When using the combined spinal-epidural (CSE) technique for labour analgesia, parturients often experience breakthrough pain after the spinal medication has receded. We tested the hypothesis that a small dose of intrathecal morphine would reduce breakthrough pain. METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects were randomized to receive either 100 microg of morphine (MS) or placebo (PLCB) with the spinal injection of bupivacaine and fentanyl. Assessments included need for supplementation during labour analgesia, use of pain medications for 24 h after delivery, and side-effects. The primary end-point was the rate of breakthrough pain. RESULTS Sixty subjects were enrolled, 55 subjects completed the trial. The MS group had a significantly lower rate of breakthrough pain than the PLCB group [0.6 (0.6) vs 1.1 (0.8) episodes per patient; P < 0.01], and longer time to first episode of breakthrough pain (300 vs 180 min; P = 0.03). The MS group used 75% less opioid medications during the subsequent 24 h, but had a 17% incidence of nausea. CONCLUSIONS The addition of small dose of morphine to the spinal component of the CSE technique improved the effectiveness of epidural labour analgesia and reduced the need for pain medications over 24 h, but resulted in a small increase in nausea.
Phoneme Recognition using Competitive Neural Trees

This paper applies the Competitive Neural Tree (CNeT) method to phoneme recognition, a pattern classiication problem. CNeTs combine the advantages of Decision Trees and Competitive Neural Networks. The CNeT algorithm works by hierarchically clustering given examples while growing a tree. Diierent search methods, as well as stopping and splitting criteria are discussed. The CNeT algorithm allows to use probability estimation and interpolation for the recall. Using a phoneme recognition task as benchmark, the CNeT performs as well as a MLP, but has a much lower time complexity. Phoneme recognition is one of the earlier steps in automated speech recognition. First the speech signal is recorded and digitized. The next step is feature extraction. The raw sample is divided into time frames and for each frame a characteristic set of coeecients { a feature vector { is computed. The phoneme recognition component processes a sequence of feature vectors to derive a pho-netic labeling of the speech signal. From the phoneme sequence more abstract representations, such as sequences of syllables, words, and sentences, are derived in subsequent steps. The phoneme recognition task consists in producing from a given sequence of feature vectors a phoneme label or a probability estimation of membership in a phoneme class. In this paper we introduce a phoneme recognition component that uses Competitive Neural Trees (CNeT). We compare it to a system using Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP) trained with the well known Back-Propagation algorithm and with a system using Nearest Neighbor (NN) classiication. The CNeT has a structured architecture. A hierarchy of identical nodes forms an m-ary tree. Each node contains m slots s 1 ; s 2 ; : : : ; s m and a counter age that is incremented each time an example is presented to the node. Each slot s i stores a prototype p i , a counter count, class counters count j , and a pointer to a node. The prototypes p i , that have the same length as the input vectors x, are trained to become centroids of example clusters R i. The class counters count j and count are incremented each time the prototype of the slot is updated for an example of class C j. A child node may be assigned to the slot via the pointer.
2D Video Editing for 3D Effects

We present a semi-interactive system for advanced video processing and editing. The basic idea is to partially recover planar regions in object space and to exploit this minimal pseudo-3D information in order to make perspectively correct modifications. Typical operations are to increase the quality of a low-resolution video by overlaying high-resolution photos of the same approximately planar object or to add or remove objects by copying them from other video streams and distorting them perspectively according to some planar reference geometry. The necessary user interaction is entirely in 2D and easy to perform even for untrained users. The key to our video processing functionality is a very robust and mostly automatic algorithm for the perspective registration of video frames and photos, which can be used as a very effective video stabilization tool even in the presence of fast and blurred motion. Explicit 3D reconstruction is thus avoided and replaced by image and video rectification. The technique is based on state-of-the-art feature tracking and homography matching. In complicated and ambiguous scenes, user interaction as simple as 2D brush strokes can be used to support the registration. In the stabilized video, the reference plane appears frozen which simplifies segmentation and matte extraction. We demonstrate our system for a number of quite challenging application scenarios such as video enhancement, background replacement, foreground removal and perspectively correct video cut and paste.
Occidental civilization and its problems : a dialogue between Weber, Elias and Habermas

This tliesis starts witii an analysis of Weber’s thouglit. Weber’s analysis of occidental civilization is multidimensional. Weber attempts to provide a judgement about die value o f occidental civilization for the improvement of human welfare which is more differentiated and more balanced, and tlierefore neitlier overly optimistic nor overly pessimistic. Opposed to some commentators’ misunderstanding tliat his viewpoint about occidental civilization is too pessimistic, Weber’s viewpoint is actually an heroic one. Weber conceives value differentiation and value irreconcilability as die natui al outcomes of societal rationalization. He suggests that his heroic pessimism provides a viable way to confi’ont this impasse of occidental civilization. Wliile I appreciate Weber’s attempt to provide a differentiated and balanced view about occidental civilization, I argue that his work is empirically inadequate in certain regards and is not critical enougli concerning die solutions to the problems generating in occidental civilization. Therefore his work needs to be reconstrected and corrected. Elias and Habermas’s works provide valuable resources for tliis task. In fact, an analysis o f Weber’s work provides a good starting point for developing a dialogue between Elias and Habemias. I believe diat this is an important step in die appraisal o f Elias and Habennas’s contributions to our understanding of occidental civilization. hi developing a dialogue between Elias and Habeimas here, I identify a central difference between their accounts of occidental civilization. Wliile Elias admits the presence of an inescapable evaluative aspect to oiu' understanding, and he suggests diat we should keep a good balance between involvement and detaclimeiit, Habermas suggests one way of understanding which consciously incorporates into it an evaluative stance. I aigue that diis aspect is essential for the critique of social injustice and the promotion of human welfare. The remaining target is to show how diis critical approach em iches ouiunderstanding of occidental civilization.
Spatially resolved STIS spectra of the gravitationally lensed broad absorption line quasar APM08279+5255: the nature of component C and evidence for microlensing

While gravitationally lensed quasars are expected to display an odd number of images, invariably systems are observed with an even number of quasars. For this, lensing galaxies must have very small core radii; this provides strong demagnification of one of the images. High-resolution imaging of the gravitationally lensed broad absorption line (BAL) quasar, APM08279+5255, reveals three point-like images. As these images possess similar colours, it has been suggested that each represents a lensed image. Here, spatially resolved spectra of the individual components, obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), are presented, clearly revealing that each is an image of the quasar. This confirms that APM08279+5255 represents the first example of an odd-image gravitationally lensed system. The implications for the properties of the lensing galaxy are discussed. It is also found that the individual images possess spectral differences indicative of the influence of gravitational microlensing in this system.
Model driven development of data warehouses

Long lasting and heavyweight data warehouse development processes may be far more automated using set of standard schema and data transformations based on relevant conceptual models. Model-driven method for development of data warehouses is proposed based on primary concept model and warehouse concept model. The primary concept model treats object types and their properties as individual concepts and enables direct conversion to warehouse schema; it may be easily extracted from normalized relational schema of database. The concept model enables to get warehouse schema in multi-dimensional normal form that ensures avoiding of aggregation anomalies. It suggests extracting of operational data to warehouse in their original fine-grained form thus allowing flexibility of queries. Transformations between primary concept model and warehouse concept model enable automatic or semi-automatic development of warehouse schema. Important issue from this research is in the fact that normalization of operational databases not only secures from update anomalies but also makes it possible to easy using of operational data in warehousing
Wage-led growth: theory, evidence, policy

The paper provides an overview of the concept of wage-led growth, both as an analytical concept and as an economic policy strategy. At the core of our analysis is the distinction between wage-led and profit-led demand regimes. The Kaleckian tradition in macroeconomics asserts that a higher wage share will have expansionary effects. Bhaduri and Marglin (1990) generalize the model by allowing for classical mechanisms. The paper presents a two-country short run model to clarify the key concepts surrounding a wage-led vs a profit-led demand regime. It distinguishes carefully between partial and total effects and it analyses demand regimes with respect to national as well as international changes in the wage share. We also review the empirical literature. Our reading is that the available evidence indicates that demand in most economies is domestically wage-led. Changes in functional income distribution also have supply-side effects. Available evidence suggests that higher wage growth induces higher productivity growth. Neoliberalism resulted in an increase in inequality and a decline in the wage share, but growth has nowhere been based on the profit-led growth process. Rather neoliberalism has given rise to either debt-led or export-led growth regimes. The paper concludes by outlining a wage-led growth strategy and by discussing its limitations.
Hidden Markov model and support vector machine based decoding of finger movements using electrocorticography

Objective. Support vector machines (SVM) have developed into a gold standard for accurate classification in brain–computer interfaces (BCI). The choice of the most appropriate classifier for a particular application depends on several characteristics in addition to decoding accuracy. Here we investigate the implementation of hidden Markov models (HMM) for online BCIs and discuss strategies to improve their performance. Approach. We compare the SVM, serving as a reference, and HMMs for classifying discrete finger movements obtained from electrocorticograms of four subjects performing a finger tapping experiment. The classifier decisions are based on a subset of low-frequency time domain and high gamma oscillation features. Main results. We show that decoding optimization between the two approaches is due to the way features are extracted and selected and less dependent on the classifier. An additional gain in HMM performance of up to 6% was obtained by introducing model constraints. Comparable accuracies of up to 90% were achieved with both SVM and HMM with the high gamma cortical response providing the most important decoding information for both techniques. Significance. We discuss technical HMM characteristics and adaptations in the context of the presented data as well as for general BCI applications. Our findings suggest that HMMs and their characteristics are promising for efficient online BCIs.
Cyclicity of CM elliptic curves modulo p

Let E be an elliptic curve defined over Q and with complex multiplication. For a prime p of good reduction, let E be the reduction of E modulo p. We find the density of the primes p < x for which E(F p ) is a cyclic group. An asymptotic formula for these primes had been obtained conditionally by J.-P. Serre in 1976, and unconditionally by Ram Murty in 1979. The aim of this paper is to give a new simpler unconditional proof of this asymptotic formula and also to provide explicit error terms in the formula.
Comparação entre kinesio taping e cinesioterapia na hipertonia após acidente vascular cerebral

Introducao: A hipertonia e um dos principais sinais clinicos apos o acidente vascular encefalico (AVE) cuja abordagem apresenta varios recursos complementares com destaque para a tecnica de Kinesio Taping. Objetivo : investigar os efeitos a curto prazo do Kinesio taping e da cinesioterapia na hipertonia de individuo com acidente vascular encefalico (AVE). Metodos : Foi realizado um estudo de caso de um individuo com AVE avaliado por meio de um questionario socioclinico, goniometria de cotovelo e punho, avaliacao postural e aplicacao da escala modificada de Ashmorth (EA) antes e apos os protocolos de intervencao. O protocolo A consistiu na administracao de mobilizacao passiva de cintura escapular, tronco e membros superiores. No protocolo B foi realizada toda a sequencia do protocolo A e administrado Kinesio taping em triceps e extensor ulnar do carpo com o proposito de ativacao muscular. Resultados : Houve reducao do tonus muscular e aumento de amplitude de movimento em membro superior esquerdo, mais pronunciada apos o protocolo B. Conclusao : A Kinesio Taping e um recurso terapeutico complementar na melhora da espasticidade e amplitude de movimento do membro superior acometido apos o AVE.
HDGSOM: a modified growing self-organizing map for high dimensional data clustering

The growing self organizing map (GSOM) algorithm is a variant of the self organizing map (SOM). It has a dynamically growing structure that adapts to the natural structure of the data. It has been identified that the growing of the GSOM can get negatively affected when used with very large dimensional data such as those in text and DNA data sets. This paper addresses these issues and presents a modified version of the GSOM called the high dimensional GSOM (HDGSOM). The algorithm and experimental results showing the improved performance of the HDGSOM are also presented.
NON-RELATIVISTIC FERMIONS, COADJOINT ORBITS OF W∞ AND STRING FIELD THEORY AT c=1

We apply the method of coadjoint orbits of W∞-algebra to the problem of non-relativistic fermions in one dimension. This leads to a geometric formulation of the quantum theory in terms of the quantum phase space distribution of the Fermi fluid. The action has an infinite series of expansion in the string coupling, which to leading order reduces to the previously discussed geometric action for the classical Fermi fluid based on the group w∞ of area-preserving diffeomorphisms. We briefly discuss the strong coupling limit of the string theory which, unlike the weak coupling regime, does not seem to admit a two-dimensional space-time picture. Our methods are equally applicable to interacting fermions in one dimension.
Performance analysis of a coherent chaos-shift keying technique

The transmission of binary information by using chaotic switching named as chaos-shift keying (CSK) with the generation of chaos using cubic map is presented. A system has been proposed for calculating the analytical bit-error rate (BER) of a coherent chaos-shift keying (CSK) digital communication system under an additive white Gaussian noise environment with the consideration of ideal synchronization at the receivers. The bit-error rate of the CSK system is compared with the conventional modulation techniques like ASK, FSK, and PSK. Generating the chaos with the simple cubic map, it is shown that the performance of coherent CSK system can be improved with the variations of the initial conditions of chaos generation. The bit-error rate of the CSK system is improved for both single-user and multiple-user environment.