Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lightweight Static Analysis for GUI Testing

GUI testing is an active research area. The open challenge is the judicious generation of event sequences (an event sequence encodes a user interaction). A major advance in this direction is the use of a black-box model to systematically generate event sequences that are executable on the GUI. The black-box model can be, e.g., an Event Flow Graph (EFG) or an Event Sequence Graph (ESG). In this paper we propose a new approach to select relevant event sequences among the event sequences generated by a black-box model. We express the relevance of an event sequence by a precisely defined dependency between a fixed number of events in the event sequence. Departing from a pure black-box approach we apply a static analysis to the byte code of the application. This allows us to infer a dependency graph, which we call Event Dependency Graph (EDG). We use the EDG together with a black-box model to construct a set of relevant event sequences among the executable ones. We have implemented our approach in a new tool. We evaluate the approach on four open source GUI applications. With the specific choice of a lightweight static analysis, the approach scales to large applications and, at the same time, leads to an informed selection of event sequences. Using our approach we are able to find previously undetected bugs.
Integrating morphology into automatic speech recognition

This paper proposes a novel approach to integrate the morphology as a model into an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system for morphologically rich languages. The high out-of-vocabulary (OOV) word rates have been a major challenge for ASR in morphologically productive languages. The standard approach to this problem has been to shift from words to sub-word units in language modeling, and the only change to the system is in the language model estimated over these units. In contrast, we propose to integrate the morphology as other any knowledge source - such as the lexicon, and the language model- directly into the search network. The morphological parser for a language, implemented as a finite-state lexical transducer, can be considered as a computational lexicon. The computational lexicon represents a dynamic vocabulary in contrast to a static vocabulary generally used for ASR. We compose the transducer for this computational lexicon with a statistical language model over lexical morphemes to obtain a morphology-integrated search network. The resulting search network generates only grammatical word forms and improves the recognition accuracy due to reduced OOV rate. We give experimental results for Turkish broadcast news transcription, and show that it outperforms the 50 K and 100 K vocabulary word models while the 200 K vocabulary word model is slightly better.
An Analysis-By-Synthesis Approach to Multisensory Object Shape Perception

The world is multimodal.1 We sense our environments using inputs from multiple sensory modalities. Similarly, digital information is increasingly available through multiple media. In this extended abstract, we present a general computational framework for understanding multimodal learning and perception that builds on the analysis-by-synthesis approach [2, 3]. The analysis-by-synthesis approach makes use of generative models describing how causes in the environment give rise to percepts. It achieves an analysis of the input as a synthesis of these causes by inverting this generative model. This approach has been successfully applied in a wide range of fields from vision[2] to language[3]. Our framework is a natural extension of this approach to multimodal perception. From the perspective of Marr’s tri-level hypothesis2, our framework can be understood as a computational level analysis of multimodal perception. It offers a conceptual analysis of multimodal perception that enables a unified treatment of a diverse set of questions. As a proof of concept of our framework, we apply it to object shape perception via visual and haptic modalities, and show that it captures people’s behavior in this task with high accuracy.
Thrombin Activates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Endothelial Cells via a Pathway Involving Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase β

ABSTRACT AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy state in response to metabolic stress and other regulatory signals. AMPK is controlled by upstream kinases which have recently been identified as LKB1 or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ). Our study of human endothelial cells shows that AMPK is activated by thrombin through a Ca2+-dependent mechanism involving the thrombin receptor protease-activated receptor 1 and Gq-protein-mediated phospholipase C activation. Inhibition of CaMKK with STO-609 or downregulation of CaMKKβ using RNA interference decreased thrombin-induced AMPK activation significantly, indicating that CaMKKβ was the responsible AMPK kinase. In contrast, downregulation of LKB1 did not affect thrombin-induced AMPK activation but abolished phosphorylation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside. Thrombin stimulation led to phosphorylation of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), two downstream targets of AMPK. Inhibition or downregulation of CaMKKβ or AMPK abolished phosphorylation of ACC in response to thrombin but had no effect on eNOS phosphorylation, indicating that thrombin-stimulated phosphorylation of eNOS is not mediated by AMPK. Our results underline the role of Ca2+ as a regulator of AMPK activation in response to a physiologic stimulation. We also demonstrate that endothelial cells possess two pathways to activate AMPK, one Ca2+/CaMKKβ dependent and one AMP/LKB1 dependent.
The auxiliary resonant commutated pole converter

The auxiliary resonant commutated pole (ARCP), a new power converter topology that fully achieves soft switching without increasing primary device voltage or current ratings, is discussed. The ARCP converter is capable of true pulse-width modulation (PWM) control of each phase. The power circuit relies on the addition of an auxiliary triggered resonant commutation circuit or snubber to commutate the inductive load current from a main diode to an active device, allowing a zero voltage turn-off of the main devices. The auxiliary devices operate in a zero current soft switching mode, thereby requiring minimal current turn-off capability. The operation and control of the ARCP converter are discussed. Its performance is analyzed, and a simulation is presented. It is shown that the ARCP converter is capable of operation at elevated switching frequencies (10-30 kHz), high power levels (200-1000 kW), and high conversion efficiencies. the auxiliary devices will typically account for a 20% increase in the total silicon area of a three-phase power converter. <<ETX>>
Relational Coordination and Organisational Social Capital Association with Characteristics of General Practice

Background. Relational coordination (RC) and organisational social capital (OSC) are measures of novel aspects of an organisation's performance, which have not previously been analysed together, in general practice. Objectives. The aim of this study was to analyse the associations between RC and OSC, and characteristics of general practice. Methods. Questionnaire survey study comprising 2074 practices in Denmark. Results. General practitioners (GPs) rated both RC and OSC in their general practice higher than their secretaries and nurses. The practice form was statistically significantly associated with high RC and OSC. RC was positively associated with the number of patients listed with a practice per staff, where staff is defined as all members of a practice including both owners and employees. Conclusion. The study showed that RC and OSC were significantly associated with type of profession and practice type. RC was also found to be significantly positively associated with number of patients per staff. However, the low response rate must be taken into consideration when interpreting the self-reported results of this study.
Data Warehousing for Rough Web Caching and Pre-fetching

It is no secret that the Internet world has now evolved rapidly. Different types of texts and multimedia have congested our network traffic. This situation causes much lagging in the current workplace or geographic area. One of the infrastructures that support and convey data is a proxy server. Proxy server needs efficiently to use historical data to give users best links and also to reduce the traffic congestions. Furthermore, historical data are stored in a data warehouse for further processing. From the data warehouse, the best hit ratio can be obtained and, which increases the probability to keep the cache object for proxy server to serve the client faster. In order to get the hit ratio, rough set algorithms are applied to mark the lower and upper approximation and to get the best results.
Diet quality and academic performance.

BACKGROUND Although the effects of nutrition on health and school performance are often cited, few research studies have examined the effect of diet quality on the academic performance of children. This study examines the association between overall diet quality and academic performance. METHODS In 2003, 5200 grade 5 students in Nova Scotia, Canada, and their parents were surveyed as part of the Children's Lifestyle and School-performance Study. Information on dietary intake, height, and weight and sociodemographic variables were linked to results of a provincial standardized literacy assessment. Diet Quality Index-International was used to summarize overall diet quality. Multilevel regression methods were used to examine the association between indicators of diet quality and academic performance while adjusting for gender and socioeconomic characteristics of parents and residential neighborhoods. RESULTS Across various indicators of diet quality, an association with academic performance was observed. Students with decreased overall diet quality were significantly more likely to perform poorly on the assessment. Girls performed better than boys as did children from socioeconomically advantaged families. Children attending better schools and living in wealthy neighborhoods also performed better. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate an association between diet quality and academic performance and identify specific dietary factors that contribute to this association. Additionally, this research supports the broader implementation and investment in effective school nutrition programs that have the potential to improve student access to healthy food choices, diet quality, academic performance, and, over the long term, health.
Policy and practice disjunctures: quality teaching and learning in Zimbabwean higher education

ABSTRACT Although several studies have examined how quality teaching and learning is defined and operationalised in the global North, there is a paucity of such studies in developing country contexts. Using Zimbabwe as a case study, the research applies Sen’s idea of deliberative democracy to a multi-stakeholder evaluation of policy formulation and practices in university teaching and learning. The study reveals a disjuncture between policy and practice, which has implications for the learning processes and valued outcomes of higher education. The paper proposes the broadening of the current technical-rational approaches to quality, to incorporate other stakeholder perspectives in informing a contextually relevant understanding of quality and its practices. Thus, beyond skills and knowledge acquisition, teaching and learning would foster other valued capabilities as quality learning outcomes.
Influence of arc chamber parameters on passive resonance circuit of HVDC circuit breakers

HVDC circuit breaker with sufficient interruption capability and interruption speed, as a key technology to enable HVDC transmission in meshed multi terminal networks do not yet exist. AC circuit breakers in combination with a passive resonance path are used to build HVDC breakers even though the requirements for AC breaking strongly differ from requirements for DC current interruption. Current zero is reached automatically in AC circuits, therefore it is sufficient to optimize the arc chamber for maximal cooling around current zero and fast recovery of the dielectric strength after arc extinction. In DC arc chambers cooling is critical for the excitation of resonance circuit instability at large currents, that is required for creation of artificial current zero crossings.
Model Formulation: Understanding Detection Performance in Public Health Surveillance: Modeling Aberrancy-detection Algorithms

OBJECTIVE Statistical aberrancy-detection algorithms play a central role in automated public health systems, analyzing large volumes of clinical and administrative data in real-time with the goal of detecting disease outbreaks rapidly and accurately. Not all algorithms perform equally well in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and timeliness in detecting disease outbreaks and the evidence describing the relative performance of different methods is fragmented and mainly qualitative. DESIGN We developed and evaluated a unified model of aberrancy-detection algorithms and a software infrastructure that uses this model to conduct studies to evaluate detection performance. We used a task-analytic methodology to identify the common features and meaningful distinctions among different algorithms and to provide an extensible framework for gathering evidence about the relative performance of these algorithms using a number of evaluation metrics. We implemented our model as part of a modular software infrastructure (Biological Space-Time Outbreak Reasoning Module, or BioSTORM) that allows configuration, deployment, and evaluation of aberrancy-detection algorithms in a systematic manner. MEASUREMENT We assessed the ability of our model to encode the commonly used EARS algorithms and the ability of the BioSTORM software to reproduce an existing evaluation study of these algorithms. RESULTS Using our unified model of aberrancy-detection algorithms, we successfully encoded the EARS algorithms, deployed these algorithms using BioSTORM, and were able to reproduce and extend previously published evaluation results. CONCLUSION The validated model of aberrancy-detection algorithms and its software implementation will enable principled comparison of algorithms, synthesis of results from evaluation studies, and identification of surveillance algorithms for use in specific public health settings.
Dynamic Virtual Resource Management In Cloud Computing Environment

Cloud Computing is the latest technology used by many organizations in this competitive world. As many organizations are using this technology, the major issue is efficient resource provisioning and management because of the dynamic nature of the Cloud and the need to satisfy heterogeneous resource requirements. In this paper, we present the Dynamic Resource Allocation system that uses virtual machines on physical machines with automatic virtual machine migrations and without service interruption. This can be done with the help of Skewness Algorithm. The flexible resource provisioning and migrations of machine state improves the efficiency of resource usage and dynamic resource provisioning capabilities. We introduce the concept of data compression in resource provisioning for reducing the storage space and bandwidth. We also focus on ensuring data storage security in cloud data centers. The experimental results demonstrate that our system enhance the performance and security of the cloud computing environment. Keywords— Virtual machines, Cloud Computing, dynamic resource allocation, data compression.
On application of involutivity analysis of differential equations to constrained dynamical systems

A brief sketch of computer methods of involutivity analysis of differential equations is presented in context of its application to study degenerate Lagrangian systems. We exemplify the approach by a detailed consideration of a finite-dimensional model, the so-called light-cone SU(2) Yang-Mills mechanics. All algorithms are realized in computer algebra system Maple.
The computational power of astrocyte mediated synaptic plasticity

Research in the last two decades has made clear that astrocytes play a crucial role in the brain beyond their functions in energy metabolism and homeostasis. Many studies have shown that astrocytes can dynamically modulate neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity, and might participate in higher brain functions like learning and memory. With the plethora of astrocyte mediated signaling processes described in the literature today, the current challenge is to identify, which of these processes happen under what physiological condition, and how this shapes information processing and, ultimately, behavior. To answer these questions will require a combination of advanced physiological, genetical, and behavioral experiments. Additionally, mathematical modeling will prove crucial for testing predictions on the possible functions of astrocytes in neuronal networks, and to generate novel ideas as to how astrocytes can contribute to the complexity of the brain. Here, we aim to provide an outline of how astrocytes can interact with neurons. We do this by reviewing recent experimental literature on astrocyte-neuron interactions, discussing the dynamic effects of astrocytes on neuronal excitability and short- and long-term synaptic plasticity. Finally, we will outline the potential computational functions that astrocyte-neuron interactions can serve in the brain. We will discuss how astrocytes could govern metaplasticity in the brain, how they might organize the clustering of synaptic inputs, and how they could function as memory elements for neuronal activity. We conclude that astrocytes can enhance the computational power of neuronal networks in previously unexpected ways.
Wheelchair control using speech recognition

In this paper a speech controlled wheelchair for physically disabled person is developed which can be used for different languages. A speech recognition system using Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) was developed in the laptop with an interactive and user friendly GUI and the normal wheelchair was converted to an electric wheelchair by applying a gear mechanism to the wheels with DC motor attached to the gear. An Arduino Uno board is used to acquire the control signal from MATLAB and give it to relay driver circuit which intern results in the motion of wheelchair in desired direction. The speech inputs such as forward, back, left, right and stop acquired from the user and then the motion of the wheelchair made according to the respective command. The performance of MFCC in presence of noise and for different languages was studied to know the reliability of the algorithm in different condition.
Monitoring changes in behaviour from multi-sensor systems

Behavioural patterns are important indicators of health status in a number of conditions and changes in behaviour can often indicate a change in health status. Currently, limited behaviour monitoring is carried out using paper-based assessment techniques. As technology becomes more prevalent and low-cost, there is an increasing movement towards automated behaviour-monitoring systems. These systems typically make use of a multi-sensor environment to gather data. Large data volumes are produced in this way, which poses a significant problem in terms of extracting useful indicators. Presented is a novel method for detecting behavioural patterns and calculating a metric for quantifying behavioural change in multi-sensor environments. The data analysis method is shown and an experimental validation of the method is presented which shows that it is possible to detect the difference between weekdays and weekend days. Two participants are analysed, with different sensor configurations and test environments and in both cases, the results show that the behavioural change metric for weekdays and weekend days is significantly different at 95% confidence level, using the methods presented.
Measuring Fractality

When investigating fractal phenomena, the following questions are fundamental for the applied researcher: (1) What are essential statistical properties of 1/f noise? (2) Which estimators are available for measuring fractality? (3) Which measurement instruments are appropriate and how are they applied? The purpose of this article is to give clear and comprehensible answers to these questions. First, theoretical characteristics of a fractal pattern (self-similarity, long memory, power law) and the related fractal parameters (the Hurst coefficient, the scaling exponent α, the fractional differencing parameter d of the autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average methodology, the power exponent β of the spectral analysis) are discussed. Then, estimators of fractal parameters from different software packages commonly used by applied researchers (R, SAS, SPSS) are introduced and evaluated. Advantages, disadvantages, and constrains of the popular estimators (d^ML, power spectral density, detrended fluctuation analysis, signal summation conversion) are illustrated by elaborate examples. Finally, crucial steps of fractal analysis (plotting time series data, autocorrelation, and spectral functions; performing stationarity tests; choosing an adequate estimator; estimating fractal parameters; distinguishing fractal processes from short-memory patterns) are demonstrated with empirical time series.
Design and Hardware Implementation of a New Chaotic Secure Communication Technique

In this paper, a scheme for chaotic modulation secure communication is proposed based on chaotic synchronization of an improved Lorenz system. For the first time, the intensity limit and stability of the transmitted signal, the characteristics of broadband and the requirements for accuracy of electronic components are presented by Multisim simulation. In addition, some improvements are made on the measurement method and the proposed experimental circuit in order to facilitate the experiments of chaotic synchronization, chaotic non-synchronization, experiment without signal and experiment with signal. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, some numerical simulations are presented. Then, the proposed chaotic secure communication circuit is implemented through analog electronic circuit, which is characterized by its high accuracy and good robustness.