Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Steel Melt Shop Operations using an Iterative Hierarchical Decomposition based Discrete Event Simulation Model

Maximizing productivity in a steel melt shop requires appropriate equipment and facility design and the synchronization of production across units like iron making, steel making, holding furnaces and casting of the molten metal. This requires that blockages and bottlenecks in the production chain be identified and overcome and the logistics in terms of equipment and facilities to move the materials appropriately designed. Removal of blockages and bottlenecks requires a combination of process redesign and investments in facilities and equipment in the production units supported by potential logistics redesign in terms routing and scheduling of equipments like cranes, ladle cars hot metal ladles and steel ladles used in the production shop . This approach addresses the system-wide bottleneck removal problem such that congestions, interferences, delays, stoppages and idle times coupled with process and cycle time variations; do not limit the end-to-end production. This paper presents how we improved the productivity in a melt-shop by using an iterative hierarchical decomposition based modelling and simulation approach to help identify the bottlenecks causing capacity loss, and experiment with options to redesign the system by suggesting mechanisms for improvement and additional facilities and logistical resources. The implementation of the system has resulted in a 28% increase in melt-shop throughput and increase and significant increase in profitability by decreasing hot metal diversions to alternative casting facilities.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Intraductal Papillomas of the Breast

Purpose: To conduct magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of intraductal papillomas of the breast and to establish correlations with pathologic features. Materials and Methods: Magnetic resonance images of the breast from 32 patients identified with surgically resected intraductal papillomas were retrospectively analyzed. were obtained. Interpretation of the MRI findings was based on evaluation of the configuration, internal signal intensity, contrast enhancement, type of the time-intensity curve, and presence or absence of dilated ducts associated with the lesion. Intraductal papillomas of our series were classified into several MR types and were compared to each of the surgically resected specimens. Results: Intraductal papillomas of the breast were classified into 4 MR types: oval nodule in 14 patients; irregular nodule in 6, solid and cystic mass in 8; and occult lesion in 4. Each of the MR types reflected its unique pathologic features: oval nodule composed of papillary fronds surrounded by narrow luminal space inside the duct; irregular nodule of papillary fronds entirely filling up the luminal space and adhering to the duct wall, with irregular margins surrounded by fibrosis or collagenization of fibroglandular stroma; solid and cystic mass of solid nodular protrusion of papillary fronds attached to the dilated cystic duct wall; and occult lesion of 1 to 2 mm in diameter with dilated ducts. They showed various contrast enhancements and time-intensity curves. Dilated ducts associated with the lesions were recognized in 20 patients. Conclusion: Classifying the MR images of intraductal papillomas could be useful for understanding their pathologic background.
Data Mining Approaches for Genomic Biomarker Development: Applications Using Drug Screening Data from the Cancer Genome Project and the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia

Developing reliable biomarkers of tumor cell drug sensitivity and resistance can guide hypothesis-driven basic science research and influence pre-therapy clinical decisions. A popular strategy for developing biomarkers uses characterizations of human tumor samples against a range of cancer drug responses that correlate with genomic change; developed largely from the efforts of the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and Sanger Cancer Genome Project (CGP). The purpose of this study is to provide an independent analysis of this data that aims to vet existing and add novel perspectives to biomarker discoveries and applications. Existing and alternative data mining and statistical methods will be used to a) evaluate drug responses of compounds with similar mechanism of action (MOA), b) examine measures of gene expression (GE), copy number (CN) and mutation status (MUT) biomarkers, combined with gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), for hypothesizing biological processes important for drug response, c) conduct global comparisons of GE, CN and MUT as biomarkers across all drugs screened in the CGP dataset, and d) assess the positive predictive power of CGP-derived GE biomarkers as predictors of drug response in CCLE tumor cells. The perspectives derived from individual and global examinations of GEs, MUTs and CNs confirm existing and reveal unique and shared roles for these biomarkers in tumor cell drug sensitivity and resistance. Applications of CGP-derived genomic biomarkers to predict the drug response of CCLE tumor cells finds a highly significant ROC, with a positive predictive power of 0.78. The results of this study expand the available data mining and analysis methods for genomic biomarker development and provide additional support for using biomarkers to guide hypothesis-driven basic science research and pre-therapy clinical decisions.
Optimizations of bipartite memory systems for multiplicative divide and square root

This paper implements a memory system of improving the Goldschmidt algorithm. To accelerate the algorithm, a small correcting term is added to reduce the cycles needed to compute a divide or square root. The new method saves one iteration compared to the original method. Bipartite tables are included in the system for table lookups
Crucial importance of the endothelial K+ channel SK3 and connexin40 in arteriolar dilations during skeletal muscle contraction

Skeletal muscle activity requires substantial increases in blood flow, and the underlying vasodilation involves endothelial activity, but the contribution of the endothelium‐dependent hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) is only poorly defined. In EDHF signaling, endothelial hyperpolarization mediated by the Ca2+‐activated K+ channels SK3 and IK1 is a key step and also initiates gap junction‐dependent conducted dilations. We assessed the role of SK3, IK1, and connexin40 (Cx40) in muscular contraction‐induced dilations in the microcirculation in vivo. Hitherto, arterioles were observed in the electrically stimulated cremaster skeletal muscle of anesthetized mice lacking SK3, IK1, or Cx40 using intravital microscopy. Genetic deficiency of SK3, but not of IK1, strongly attenuated dilations to muscular contraction. Similarly, pharmacologic blockade of SK3 by the specific blocker UCL1684 impaired such dilations in wild‐type and IK1‐deficient mice. In contrast, IK1 was required for acetylcholine‐induced dilations. Genetic deficiency of Cx40 also attenuated dilations induced by muscular contraction but not by acetylcholine. These data support the concept that endothelial hyperpolarization through activation of SK3 contributes to exercise hyperemia and the hyper‐polarization ascends the vascular tree through gap junctions formed by Cx40 to orchestrate dilation. The differential impact of SK3‐ and IK1‐deficiency on dilations to distinct stimuli suggests stimulus‐dependent activation of these endothelial channels. —Milkau, M. , Köhler, R. , de Wit, C. Crucial importance of the endothelial K+ channel SK3 and connexin40 in arteriolar dilations during skeletal muscle contraction. FASEB J. 24, 3572–3579 (2010). www.fasebj. org
Bergmann's Body Size Rule Operates in Facultatively Endothermic Insects: Evidence from a Complex of Cryptic Bumblebee Species

According to Bergmann’s rule we expect species with larger body size to inhabit locations with a cooler climate, where they may be well adapted to conserve heat and resist starvation. This rule is generally applied to endotherms. In contrast, body size in ectothermic invertebrates has been suggested to follow the reverse ecogeographic trend: these converse Bergmann’s patterns may be driven by the ecological constraints of shorter season length and lower food availability in cooler high latitude locations. Such patterns are particularly common in large insects due to their longer development times. As large and facultatively endothermic insects, bumblebees could thus be expected to follow either trend. In this investigation, we studied body size of three bumblebee species over a large spatial area and investigated whether interspecific trends in body size correspond to differences in their distribution consistent with either Bergmann’s or a converse Bergmann’s rule. We examined the body size of queens, males and workers of the Bombus lucorum complex of cryptic bumblebee species from across the whole of Great Britain. We found interspecific differences in body size corresponding to Bergmann’s rule: queens and males of the more northerly distributed, cool-adapted, species were largest. In contrast, the mean body size of the worker caste did not vary between the three species. These differences in body size may have evolved under selection pressures for thermoregulation or starvation resistance. We suggest that this case study in facultatively endothermic insects may help clarify the selection pressures governing Bergmann rule trends more generally.
Differential connectivity of short‐ vs. long‐range extrinsic and intrinsic cortical inputs to perirhinal neurons

The perirhinal cortex plays a critical role in recognition and associative memory. However, the network properties that support perirhinal contributions to memory are unclear. To shed light on this question, we compared the synaptic articulation of short‐ and long‐range inputs from the perirhinal cortex or temporal neocortex with perirhinal neurons in rats. Iontophoretic injections of the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris‐leucoagglutinin (PHAL) were performed at different rostrocaudal levels of the ventral temporal neocortex or perirhinal cortex, and electron microscopic observations of anterogradely labeled (PHAL+) axon terminals found at perirhinal sites adjacent to or rostrocaudally distant from the injection sites were performed. After neocortical injections, the density of PHAL+ axons in the perirhinal cortex decreased steeply with rostrocaudal distance from the injection sites, much more so than following perirhinal injections. Otherwise, similar results were obtained with neocortical and perirhinal injections. In both cases, most (76–86%) PHAL+ axon terminals formed asymmetric synapses, typically with spines (type A, 83–89%) and less frequently with dendritic profiles (type B, 11–17%). The remaining terminals formed symmetric synapses with dendritic profiles (type C, 14–23%). Type B and C synapses were 2.4–2.6 times more frequent in short‐ than long‐range connections. The postsynaptic elements in type A–C synapses were identified with immunocytochemistry for CAMKIIα, a marker of glutamatergic cortical neurons. Type A and C terminals contacted CAMKIIα‐positive principal cells, whereas type B synapses contacted presumed inhibitory neurons. Overall, these results suggest that principal perirhinal neurons are subjected to significantly more inhibition from short‐ than from long‐range cortical inputs, an organization that likely impacts perirhinal contributions to memory. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:2538–2550, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
30 GHz CMOS Self-Oscillating Mixer for Self-Heterodyne Receiver Application

A 30 GHz CMOS-based self-oscillating mixer (SOM) is demonstrated for millimeter-wave self-heterodyne receiver applications. When injection-locked by transmitted LO carrier, the SOM provides constant and sufficient LO power for mixing process independent of transmitted LO power level. The SOM based on the cross-coupled VCO architecture is realized in 0.13 ¿m CMOS process. It has down-conversion loss of about 30 dB and requires the minimum LO injection power of - 32 dBm.
Chung-Yuan Huang simulations and critical thresholds in scale-free networks ' Response to Wilson ' s note on ' Influences of resource limitations and transmission costs on epidemic

James R. Wilson points out what he describes as flaws in our proof in ‘Influences of Resource Limitations and Transmission Costs on Epidemic Simulations and Critical Thresholds in Scale-free Networks’ (Simulation 85(3): 205–219) and offers an alternative steady-state behavior derivation based on our epidemic simulation model. In this response we will explain our definitions for the terms used in our paper and the derivation process for our analysis, then compare and contrast our mathematical model with that proposed by Wilson. We suggest that more compartmental models can be used to support our argument that increasing transmission costs or decreasing individual resources increases the critical threshold of a contagion event in a scale-free network.
MBE synthesis of speech coded in LPC format

A method used to produce high quality speech from signals coded in linear predictive coding (LPC) format is proposed. In this method, speech signals coded in the LPC format is synthesized via a multiband excitation (MBE) model. Since the MBE model demands more parameters than the LPC model can provide, techniques had been developed to regenerate the necessarily information for MBE synthesis from LPC coded speech. A V/UV regeneration scheme for MBE synthesis is proposed to extract the V/UV decisions from spectral envelopes by a long term statistical training approach. Informal listening shows that the method provides a significant improvement of speech quality over conventional LPC synthesis. Simulation shows that the synthetic speech produced by the proposed method is comparable to the speech synthesized using MBE.
New approach to free energy of solvation applying continuum models to molecular dynamics simulation

A new approach to the calculation of the free energy of solvation from trajectories obtained by molecular dynamics simulation is presented. The free energy of solvation is computed as the sum of three contributions originated at the cavitation of the solute by the solvent, the solute‐solvent nonpolar (repulsion and dispersion) interactions, and the electrostatic solvation of the solute. The electrostatic term is calculated based on ideas developed for the broadly used continuum models, the cavitational contribution from the excluded volume by the Claverie‐Pierotti model, and the Van der Waals term directly from the molecular dynamics simulation. The proposed model is tested for diluted aqueous solutions of simple molecules containing a variety of chemically important functions: methanol, methylamine, water, methanethiol, and dichloromethane. These solutions were treated by molecular dynamics simulations using SPC/E water and the OPLS force field for the organic molecules. Obtained free energies of solvation are in very good agreement with experimental data. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 706–714, 2002
Exploring disadvantageous inequality aversion in children: how cost and discrepancy influence decision-making

This research examined disadvantageous inequality aversion in 4- and 6-year-old children. Using the resource allocation paradigm, we explored how inequality aversion was influenced by whether a cost was associated with the equitable choice. We also investigated whether preferences for equality differed depending on whether the inequitable choice presented a small or large discrepancy between the payoff of the participant and their partner. The results demonstrated that cost plays a large role in decision-making, as children preferred equality more when there was no cost associated with it compared to when there was a cost. Interestingly, the effect of cost also affected discrepancy, with children more likely to choose equality when the discrepancy was large as opposed to small, in cost trials but not in no cost trials. Finally, the effect of discrepancy also interacted with age, with older children being more sensitive to the discrepancy between themselves and their partner. Together, these results suggest that children’s behavior is not indiscriminately guided by a generalized aversion to inequality or established fairness norms. Alternate motives for inequality aversion are discussed.
The Impact of Social Media on Children, Adolescents, and Families

Using social media Web sites is among the most common activity of today’s children and adolescents. Any Web site that allows social interaction is considered a social media site, including social networking sites such as Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter; gaming sites and virtual worlds such as Club Penguin, Second Life, and the Sims; video sites such as YouTube; and blogs. Such sites offer today’s youth a portal for entertainment and communication and have grown exponentially in recent years. For this reason, it is important that parents become aware of the nature of social media sites, given that not all of them are healthy environments for children and adolescents. Pediatricians are in a unique position to help families understand these sites and to encourage healthy use and urge parents to monitor for potential problemswith cyberbullying, “Facebook depression,” sexting, and exposure to inappropriate content. Pediatrics 2011;127:800–804 SOCIAL MEDIA USE BY TWEENS AND TEENS Engaging in various forms of social media is a routine activity that research has shown to benefit children and adolescents by enhancing communication, social connection, and even technical skills.1 Social media sites such as Facebook and MySpace offer multiple daily opportunities for connecting with friends, classmates, and people with shared interests. During the last 5 years, the number of preadolescents and adolescents using such sites has increased dramatically. According to a recent poll, 22% of teenagers log on to their favorite social media site more than 10 times a day, and more than half of adolescents log on to a social media site more than once a day.2 Seventy-five percent of teenagers now own cell phones, and 25% use them for social media, 54% use them for texting, and 24% use them for instant messaging.3 Thus, a large part of this generation’s social and emotional development is occurring while on the Internet and on cell phones. Because of their limited capacity for self-regulation and susceptibility to peer pressure, children and adolescents are at some risk as they navigate and experiment with social media. Recent research indicates that there are frequent online expressions of offline behaviors, such as bullying, clique-forming, and sexual experimentation,4 that have introduced problems such as cyberbullying,5 privacy issues, and “sexting. ”6 Other problems that merit awareness include Internet addiction and concurrent sleep deprivation.7 Many parents today use technology incredibly well and feel comfortable and capable with the programs and online venues that their chilGwenn Schurgin O’Keeffe, MD, Kathleen Clarke-Pearson, MD, and COUNCIL ON COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA
Stargardt disease in a patient with retinoblastoma.

Retinoblastoma is the most common primary ocular malignancy of young children, with an incidence of 1:17000 to 1:34000 new births. Retinoblastoma is bilateral in about 30% of cases. Although new modalities offer an enhanced chance of eye salvage, in bilateral disease, management often leads to enucleation of the more-involved eye, with more conservative treatment of the better eye. Subsequently, the child is watched carefully for recurrence and for any evidence of central nervous system involvement or other malignancies. The retinoblastoma gene (Rb) is located in the 14 band of the q, or long arm, of chromosome 13. The Rb gene causes cancer when its protein product is absent or dysfunctional. We describe a child with bilateral retinoblastoma after enucleation ofthemore-involvedeyeat13months of age, who was diagnosed as having Stargardtdisease in thepreservedeye at age10years.Thesignificantpoints wewish tohighlight are thedifficulty indiagnosingStargardtdiseasebecause of subtle retinal findings, and the opportunity this case affords for investigatingearlypreclinicalstagesofStargardtdisease.Toourknowledge,there is only 1 previously reported case of these2disorders in thesamepatient.
A statement for extensive primary cytoreductive surgery in advanced ovarian cancer

C Pomel,a DPJ Barton,b I McNeish,c J Shepherda a Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK b Department of Surgery, Royal Marsden, London, UK c Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK Correspondence: Dr C Pomel, Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Gloucester House 7th Floor, Barts and The London NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK. Email christophe.pomel@bartsandthelondon.nhs. uk
Consensus on the Average on Arbitrary Strongly Connected Digraphs Based on Broadcast Gossip Algorithms

Abstract —In this paper we propose a new decentralized algorithm to solve the consensus on the average problem on arbitrary strongly connected digraphs through a gossip algorithm based on broadcasts. We directly extend previous results by not requiring that the digraph is balanced. Our algorithm is an improvement respect to known gossip algorithms based on broadcasts in that the average of the initial state is preserved after each broadcast. The nodes are assumed to know their out-degree anytime they transmit information. The algorithm convergence analysis is preliminary and performance is shown by simulations.
Study on the epidemiology and control of Campylobacter jejuni in poultry broiler flocks

Broiler flocks are frequently infected with Campylobacter jejuni. The origin of the infection is still unclear. The question of whether colonization of flocks results from transmission of C. jejuni from breeder flocks to progeny (vertical transmission) or from environmental sources (horizontal transmission) remains to be answered. Therefore, in this study samples were taken from successive broiler flocks in two broiler houses (house A on farm A and house B1 on farm B) as well as from the environment of the houses. All C. jejuni isolates were typed by using the Penner serotyping system, and part of the isolates from farm B were typed by using a randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-typing system. In poultry house A, C. jejuni was isolated from the first flock but not from subsequent flocks. In poultry house B1, C. jejuni strains of the same Penner serotypes and exhibiting identical DNA profiles were isolated from successive flocks. Infection of the flocks from a common source via horizontal pathways is suspected, while a vertical route of infection is not likely to exist. Application of measures to control horizontal transmission of C. jejuni on farm B was successful.
[Pubic osteomyelitis in athletes].

INTRODUCTION Pubic osteomyelitis has been described in three situations: children in whom Staphylococcus aureus is the preeminent pathogen; elderly patients who have undergone genitourinary procedures, and parenteral drug abusers. In contrast, pubic osteomyelitis in athletes has been described less often. We report three cases of acute staphylococcal pubic osteomyelitis in young athletic men and present a review of the literature. EXEGESIS The clinical presentation in each case was acute groin, hip, or perineal pain; fever; inability to bear weight; and pubic symphysis tenderness. The diagnosis was established by blood culture and radiologic changes. CONCLUSIONS Staphylococcus aureus pubic osteomyelitis should be suspected in athletes who have febrile hip or groin pain. The pathogenesis of this disease is thought to involve preexisting trauma or athletic injury and subsequent seeding of this area during transient bacteremia. Prolonged antimicrobial therapy is required for the cure, and debridement with curettage may be necessary if patients have persistent infection or sequestra.