Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE MONITORIA DISCENTE DE FÍSICA: POR QUE O GRUPO DE MONITORES PERMANECE UNIDO? AN EXPERIENCE OF SECONDARY STUDENTS ACTING AS TUTORS OF THEIR COLLEAGUES: WHY DO THEY CONTINUE TOGETHER?

In 2005, a Physics teacher, who worked with High School students from the last year of a privet school in Sao Paulo , developed a project in which students acted as tutors of their colleagues. Some students were selected and invited to act as tutors of their classmates for Physics subjects. The group, formed by the tutors and the teacher, got together once a week to discuss about the project. We have studied this group during all the year and we have analyzed its development by using Kaes’ theory (1997), which takes into account subjective aspects that influence the group work. We have noticed that “helping the colleagues “ is not the most important thing for them, so we discussed about some points related to the fact that they continue together in this group.
VGLUT1 and VGAT are sorted to the same population of synaptic vesicles in subsets of cortical axon terminals

Glutamate and GABA mediate most of the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission; they are taken up and accumulated in synaptic vesicles by specific vesicular transporters named VGLUT1‐3 and VGAT, respectively. Recent studies show that VGLUT2 and VGLUT3 are co‐expressed with VGAT. Because of the relevance this information has for our understanding of synaptic physiology and plasticity, we investigated whether VGLUT1 and VGAT are co‐expressed in rat cortical neurons. In cortical cultures and layer V cortical terminals we observed a population of terminals expressing VGLUT1 and VGAT. Post‐embedding immunogold studies showed that VGLUT1+/VGAT+ terminals formed both symmetric and asymmetric synapses. Triple‐labeling studies revealed GABAergic synapses expressing VGLUT1 and glutamatergic synapses expressing VGAT. Immunoisolation studies showed that anti‐VGAT immunoisolated vesicles contained VGLUT1 and anti‐VGLUT1 immunoisolated vesicles contained VGAT. Finally, vesicles containing VGAT resident in glutamatergic terminals undergo active recycling. In conclusion, we demonstrate that in neocortex VGLUT1 and VGAT are co‐expressed in a subset of axon terminals forming both symmetric and asymmetric synapses, that VGLUT1 and VGAT are sorted to the same vesicles and that vesicles at synapses expressing the vesicular heterotransporter participate in the exo‐endocytotic cycle.
Asymmetric Information, Bargaining, and Unemployment Fluctuations

The author constructs a dynamic general equilibrium model where wages are determined by bilateral bargaining and the firm has superior information. The asymmetry of information introduces unemployment fluctuations and dynamic wage sluggishness. Because the information of the firm only is revealed gradually, wages fall slowly in response to a negative shock and unemployment exhibits additional persistence. It is shown that high job destruction will generally be followed by a period of higher than average job destruction, that the presence of common shocks introduces an informational externality, and that bargaining is an inefficient method of wage determination compared to implicit contracts. Copyright 1995 by Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association.
Rationale and impact of vitamin C in clinical nutrition

Purpose of reviewThe impact of vitamin C on oxidative stress-related diseases is moderate because of its limited oral bioavailability and rapid clearance. Parenteral administration can increase the benefit of vitamin C supplementation as is evident in critically ill patients. The aim here is to assess recent evidence of the clinical benefit and underlying effects of parenteral vitamin C in conditions of oxidative stress. Recent findingsIn critically ill patients and after severe burns, the rapid restoration of depleted ascorbate levels with high-dose parenteral vitamin C may reduce circulatory shock, fluid requirements and oedema. SummaryOxidative stress is associated with reduced ascorbate levels. Ascorbate is particularly effective in protecting the vascular endothelium, which is especially vulnerable to oxidative stress. The restoration of ascorbate levels may have therapeutic effects in diseases involving oxidative stress. The rapid replenishment of ascorbate is of special clinical significance in critically ill patients who experience drastic reductions in ascorbate levels, which may be a causal factor in the development of circulatory shock. Supraphysiological levels of ascorbate, which can only be achieved by the parenteral and not by the oral administration of vitamin C, may facilitate the restoration of vascular function in the critically ill patient.
Lexical Characteristics Analysis of Chinese Clinical Documents

Understanding lexical characteristics of clinical documents is the foundation of sublanguage based Medical Language Processing (MLP) approach. However, there are limited studies focused on the lexical characters of Chinese clinical documents. In this study, a lexical characteristics analysis on both syntactic and semantic levels was conducted in a clinical corpus which contains 3,500 clinical documents generated during daily practices. The analysis was based on the automatic tagging results of a lexicon-based part-of-speech (POS) and semantic tagging method. The medical lexicon contains 237,291 entries annotated with both semantic and syntactic classes. The normalized frequency of different terms, syntactic and semantic classes was calculated and visualized. Major contribution of this paper is providing a wide-coverage Chinese medical semantic lexicon and presenting the lexical characteristics of Chinese clinical documents. Both of these will lay a good foundation for sublanguage based MLP studies in China.
An Overview of MOLDS: A Meta-Object Library for Distributed Systems

This paper presents a library of meta-objects suitable for developing distributed systems. The reeexive architecture of Guaran a makes it possible for these meta-objects to be easily combined in order to form complex, dynamically reconngurable meta-level behavior. We brieey describe the implementation of Guaran a on Java 1. Then, we explain how several meta-level services, such as persistence, distribution, replication and atomicity, can be implemented in a transparent and exible way. Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma biblioteca de meta-objetos adequada para o desenvolvimento de sistemas distribu dos. A arquitetura reeexiva Guaran a torna poss vel que esses meta-objetos sejam facilmente combinados, a m de desempenhar comportamento de meta-n vel complexo e reconngurr avel dinamica-mente. Descreve-se sucintamente a implementaa c~ ao de Guaran a em Java
Dachshund inhibits oncogene-induced breast cancer cellular migration and invasion through suppression of interleukin-8

Oncogene-mediated signaling to the host environment induces a subset of cytokines and chemokines. The Drosophila Dac gene promotes migration of the morphogenetic furrow during eye development. Expression of the cell-fate determination factor Dachshund (DACH1) was lost in poor prognosis invasive breast cancer. Mouse embryo fibroblasts derived from Dach1−/− mice demonstrated endogenous Dach1 constitutively represses cellular migration. DACH1 inhibited cellular migration and invasion of oncogene (Ras, Myc, ErbB2, c-Raf)-transformed human breast epithelial cells. An unbiased proteomic analysis identified and immunoneutralizing antibody and reconstitution experiments demonstrated IL-8 is a critical target of DACH1 mediating breast cancer cellular migration and metastasis in vivo. DACH1 bound the endogenous IL-8 promoter in ChIP assays and repressed the IL-8 promoter through the AP-1 and NF-κB binding sites. Collectively, our data identify a pathway by which an endogenous cell-fate determination factor blocks oncogene-dependent tumor metastasis via a key heterotypic mediator.
Regulation of Nuclear Localization and Transcriptional Activity of TFII-I by Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase

ABSTRACT Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) is required for normal B-cell development, as defects in Btk lead to X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) in mice and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in humans. Here we demonstrate a functional interaction between the multifunctional transcription factor TFII-I and Btk. Ectopic expression of wild-type Btk enhances TFII-I-mediated transcriptional activation and its tyrosine phosphorylation in transient-transfection assays. Mutation of Btk in either the PH domain (R28C, as in the murine xid mutation) or the kinase domain (K430E) compromises its ability to enhance both the tyrosine phosphorylation and the transcriptional activity of TFII-I. TFII-I associates constitutively in vivo with wild-type Btk and kinase-inactive Btk but not xid Btk. However, membrane immunoglobulin M cross-linking in B cells leads to dissociation of TFII-I from Btk. We further show that while TFII-I is found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of wild-type and xid primary resting B cells, nuclear TFII-I is greater in xid B cells. Most strikingly, receptor cross-linking of wild-type (but not xid) B cells results in increased nuclear import of TFII-I. Taken together, these data suggest that although the PH domain of Btk is primarily responsible for its physical interaction with TFII-I, an intact kinase domain of Btk is required to enhance transcriptional activity of TFII-I in the nucleus. Thus, mutations impairing the physical and/or functional association between TFII-I and Btk may result in diminished TFII-I-dependent transcription and contribute to defective B-cell development and/or function.
L’adaptation française du P.P.R.F., un outil identifiant les facteurs de personnalité susceptibles de prédire la performance au travail

L’etude concerne l’adaptation francaise d’un nouveau questionnaire d’analyse de poste, le P.P.R.F. (Personality-Related Position Requirements Form), destine a identifier les facteurs de personnalite susceptibles de predire de la performance a un poste de travail. Le P.P.R.F. a ete elabore par Raymark, Schmit et Guion (1997) dans le cadre theorique de la personnalite des Cinq Grands Facteurs (Big Five). Il est etudie sur un poste d’aide-soignant afin d’identifier les facteurs de personnalite consideres comme importants pour ce poste. Les resultats montrent que l’accommodement, la conscience et la stabilite emotionnelle sont des facteurs de personnalite importants par rapport au metier. L’outil P.P.R.F. montre de bonnes fidelites inter-evaluateurs (alpha de Cronbach), ainsi que de bons indices d’accord inter-evaluateurs (r*WG(J)de Lindell). Il apparait qu’il est un outil interessant pour une application dans le monde professionnel ainsi que pour elaborer des hypotheses concernant l’etude de la validite predictive de la personnalite au poste de travail.
A Nonparametric Multivariate Test for a Monotone Trend among k Samples

The nonparametric bivariate two-sample test of Bennett (1967) is extended to the multivariate k sample test. This test has been easily modified for a monotone trend among k samples. Often in applications it is important to consider a set of multivariate response variables simultaneously, rather than individually, and also important to consider testing k samples altogether. Different approaches of estimating the null covariance matrices of the test statistics resulted in the same limiting form. The multivariate k sample test is applied to the non-normal data of a randomized trial conducted for a period of four weeks in mental hospitals. The purpose of the trial is to compare the efficacy of three different interventions for a relief of the frequently occurring problems of constipation, caused as a side effect of antipsychotic drugs during hospitalization. The bowel movement status of patient for a week is summarized into a single severity score, and severity scores of four weeks comprise a four-dimensional multivariate variable. It is desirable with this trial data to consider a multivariate testing among k samples.
Ethnicity, Obesity, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women

OBJECTIVE—To examine ethnic differences in risk of type 2 diabetes, taking dietary and lifestyle risk factors into account. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A prospective (1980–2000) cohort (from The Nurses’ Health Study) including 78,419 apparently healthy women (75,584 whites, 801 Asians, 613 Hispanics, and 1,421 blacks) was studied. Detailed dietary and lifestyle information for each participant was repeatedly collected every 4 years. RESULTS—During 1,294,799 person-years of follow-up, we documented 3,844 incident cases of diabetes. Compared with whites, the age-adjusted relative risks (RRs) were 1.43 (95% CI 1.08–1.90) for Asians, 1.76 (1.32–2.34) for Hispanics, and 2.18 (1.82–2.61) for blacks. After adjustment for BMI, the RRs changed to 2.26 (1.70–2.99) for Asians, 1.86 (1.40–2.47) for Hispanics, and 1.34 (1.12–1.61) for blacks. For each 5-unit increment in BMI, the multivariate RR of diabetes was 2.36 (1.83–3.04) for Asians, 2.21 (1.75–2.79) for Hispanics, 1.96 (1.93–2.00) for whites, and 1.55 (1.36–1.77) for blacks (P for interaction <0.001). For each 5-kg weight gain between age 18 and the year 1980, the risk of diabetes was increased by 84% (95% CI 58–114) for Asians, 44% (26–63) for Hispanics, 38% (28–49) for blacks, and 37% (35–38%) for whites. A healthy diet high in cereal fiber and polyunsaturated fat and low in trans fat and glycemic load was more strongly associated with a lower risk of diabetes among minorities (RR 0.54 [95% CI 0.39–0.73]) than among whites (0.77 [0.72–0.84]). CONCLUSIONS—The risk of diabetes is significantly higher among Asians, Hispanics, and blacks than among whites before and after taking into account differences in BMI. Weight gain is particularly detrimental for Asians. Our data suggest that the inverse association of a healthy diet with diabetes is stronger for minorities than for whites.
Genome of Mycoplasma arthritidis

ABSTRACT The genomes of several species of mycoplasma have been sequenced. Most of these species rely on the glycolytic pathway for energy production, with the one exception of Ureaplasma, a species that breaks down urea as its principle source of acquiring energy. Several species, including as Mycoplasma arthritidis, are nonglycolytic and can use arginine as their source of energy. Described here are the genome sequence and a transposon library of M. arthritidis. The genome of 820,453 bp is typical in size for a mycoplasma and contains two large families of genes that are predicted to code for phase-variable proteins. The transposon library was constructed using a minitransposon that inserts stably into the mycoplasma genome. Of the 635 predicted coding regions, 218 were disrupted in a library of 1,100 members. Dispensable genes included the gene coding for the MAM superantigen and genes coding for ribosomal proteins S15, S18, and L15.
Pure duplication 1q41‐qter: Further delineation of trisomy 1q syndromes

Several authors have attempted to characterize the partial 1q trisomy syndrome, reporting clinical features such as mental retardation, macrocephaly, large fontanels, prominent forehead, broad flat nasal bridge, high‐arched palate, micro/retrognathia, low‐set ears, and cardiac defects. However, defining the partial trisomy 1q syndrome is difficult, because it is a rare chromosomal abnormality and in most instances the trisomy 1q is combined with partial monosomy of another autosomal segment. We report on the clinical and molecular cytogenetic study of a patient who presents pure partial 1q duplication. This is the first case of pure duplication 1q41‐qter in the literature. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reciprocity, Culture, and Human Cooperation: Previous Insights and a New Crosscultural Experiment

Understanding the proximate and ultimate sources of human cooperation is a fundamental issue in all behavioural sciences. In this article we review the experimental evidence on how people solve cooperation problems. Existing studies show without doubt that direct and indirect reciprocity are important determinants of successful cooperation. We also discuss the insights from a large literature on the role of peer punishment in sustaining cooperation. The experiments demonstrate that many people are «strong reciprocators» who are willing to cooperate and punish others even if there are no gains from future cooperation or any other reputational gains. We document this in new one-shot experiments which we conducted in four cities in Russia and Switzerland. Our cross-cultural approach allows us furthermore to investigate how the cultural background influences strong reciprocity. Our results show that culture has a strong influence on positive and in especially negative strong reciprocity. In particular, we find large cross-cultural differences in «antisocial punishment» of pro-social co-operators. Further cross-cultural research and experiments involving different socio-demographic groups document that antisocial punishment is much more widespread than previously assumed. Understanding antisocial punishment is an important task for future research because antisocial punishment is a strong inhibitor of cooperation.
Degrees of freedom in the MISO BC with delayed-CSIT and finite coherence time: A simple optimal scheme

We consider the multi-input single-output (MISO) Broadcast Channel (BC), the multi-user (MU) downlink in a cell with a multi-antenna base station and mobile terminals equipped with a single antenna. Most techniques designed for this channel require accurate current channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). However, a radically different approach has been proposed by Maddah-Ali and Tse (MAT), in which significant gain can be obtained by solely relying on perfect but outdated CSIT. This approach is proven to yield the optimal multiplexing gain when the channel current state is completely independent of the fed back channel state. A recent work focused on an intermediate case, channels exhibiting some temporal correlation, proposed a complex scheme shown to be optimal in terms of multiplexing gain for the 2-user case. Using a different but equivalent channel model, we propose a simple transmission scheme for the general case K ∈ N that reaches the optimal number of degrees of freedom.
[Lymph node staging in cervix carcinomas: the results of high-resolution magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) with a phased-array body coil].

PURPOSE To determine the diagnostic value of high resolution MR imaging with a circularly polarised (c.p.) body phased-array coil for the staging of pelvic lymph nodes in cervical carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS 42 patients with histologically proven carcinoma of the cervix were studied on a 1.5 T scanner by using a c.p. body phased-array coil. The imaging protocol included T2-weighted turbo-spin-echo (TSE) and T1-weighted spin-echo sequences pre and post i.v. application of Gd-DTPA; slice thickness was 5-7 mm and pixel size 0.53 mm2. Lymph nodes with a diameter of > or = 8 mm were considered to have metastatic involvement. MR imaging results were compared with histopathologic findings. RESULTS MR imaging showed enlarged lymph nodes (> or = 8 mm) in 16 of 18 patients with histologic proof of lymph node metastases (sensitivity 89%). In 22 of 24 cases MR findings were true negative (specificity 92%). Diagnostic accuracy was 91%. CONCLUSION High-resolution MR imaging with a c.p. body phased-array coil provides high sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy for pelvic lymph node staging in cervical carcinoma.
Breast cancer risk in rats fed a diet high in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy.

BACKGROUND Women who took the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy exhibit an elevated risk of breast cancer, whereas those who suffered from preeclampsia, which is associated with low circulating pregnancy estrogens, exhibit a reduced risk. Since a high-fat diet may increase circulating estrogen levels and possibly breast cancer risk, dietary factors during pregnancy could influence the risk of developing this disease. PURPOSE We tested the hypothesis that consumption of a high-fat diet during pregnancy increases carcinogen-induced mammary tumor incidence in rats. METHODS Pregnant or virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats that had been previously treated with 10 mg 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) by oral gavage when 55 days old were assigned to one of two isocaloric diets containing either 16% calories from fat (low-fat) or 43% calories from fat (high-fat) for the length of pregnancy or for the equivalent time of approximately 21 days. There were 20 pregnant and 10 nonpregnant DMBA-treated rats per group. Ten additional pregnant animals (not previously treated with DMBA) per group were used for hormone analysis. The fat source used was corn oil, which is high in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, primarily linoleic acid. The animals were checked for tumors at least once per week by palpation. The tumor size, number, and latency to appearance after carcinogen exposure were recorded. The statistical significance of observed differences was tested by use of appropriate two-sided tests. RESULTS Female rats on different diets had virtually identical food intakes and weight gains during pregnancy. On gestation day 19, serum estradiol levels were approximately twofold higher in rats fed a high-fat diet than in rats fed a low-fat diet (P < .02). The serum insulin levels and insulin/glucose ratios (an index of insulin resistance) in rats fed the high-fat diet were approximately twofold lower than in rats fed the low-fat diet, but the differences did not reach statistical significance (P < .09 and P < .09, respectively). On week 18 following DMBA administration, the number of rats developing mammary tumors was significantly higher in the group exposed to a high-fat diet (40% of animals) than in the group exposed to a low-fat diet (10% of animals) during pregnancy (P < .05). Tumor multiplicity, latency to tumor appearance, and size of tumors upon first detection were similar among the dietary groups. No intergroup differences in the mammary tumor incidence were noted in virgin animals that were exposed to the high- or low-fat diets for an equivalent period of time. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that consumption of a diet high in fat (primarily in the form of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids) during pregnancy increases the risk of developing carcinogen-induced mammary tumors, possibly by increasing the pregnancy levels of circulating estrogens. IMPLICATIONS If further studies find that the results from animal model studies are applicable to humans, some human breast cancers may be preventable by dietary manipulations during pregnancy.
Herpesvirus Lytic Replication and the Cell Cycle: Arresting New Developments

It has been clear for a number of years that small DNA tumor viruses such as simian virus 40 (SV40) and papillomavirus interact with cell cycle control pathways during lytic replication in a way that promotes entry into the S phase of the cell cycle. Since these viruses do not code for their own DNA
Surfaces designed to control the projected area and shape of individual cells.

Materials with spatially resolved surface chemistry were designed to isolate individual mammalian cells to determine the influence of projected area on specific cell functions (e.g., proliferation, cytoskeletal organization). Surfaces were fabricated using a photolithographic process resulting in islands of cell binding N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane (EDS) separated by a nonadhesive interpenetrating polymer network [poly (acrylamide-co-ethylene glycol); P (AAm-co-EG)]. The surfaces contained over 3800 adhesive islands/cm2, allowing for isolation of single cells with projected areas ranging from 100 microns 2 to 10,000 microns 2. These surfaces provide a useful tool for researching how cell morphology and mechanical forces affect cell function.