Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bare nouns in Danish with special reference to the object position

Based on a discussion of correlations between syntactic position, prosodic cues, aspect and generic vs. non-generic interpretations, this paper substantiates that Danish Bare Plural count nouns (BPs) have a wider distribution than Bare Singular count nouns (BSs). BPs, unlike BSs, can occur in subject position, function as both generic and existential arguments, and appear with all aspectual verb classes. However, BPs and BSs expressing a non-generic, modificational meaning concur in object position of activity verbs and stative verbs with a possession relation implicature. These V+BP and V+BS structures, it is suggested, form a progressive continuum of three different subtypes of pseudo-incorporation (PI), namely (i) PI of BPs (low integration as in spise æbler ‘eat apples’), (ii) PI of type 1 BSs (medium integration as in male hus ‘paint house’), and (iii) PI of type 2 BSs (maximum integration as in spille violin ‘play violin’).
Precomputed radiance transfer with spatially-varying lighting effects

We propose a new method to render physically-based globally illuminated scenes at interactive speed. Our method is based on precomputed radiance transfer (PRT) (Sloan et al., 2003). Although the shape of model does not change and its position is fixed, we can move any light source with arbitrary shape dynamically during rendering process. This enables a spatially-varying lighting effect which has not been considered in the previous approach (Sloan et al., 2003). We also describe the details of rendering the scene with dynamic lights using cube mapping. Our implementation demonstrates that our method is suited for interactive applications such as 3D games and lighting simulations.
Effects of Chest Physiotherapy on the Respiratory Function of Postoperative Gastroplasty Patients

INTRODUCTION: Bariatric surgery has become increasingly more recommended for the treatment of morbidly obese individuals for whom it is possible to identify co-morbidities other than alterations in pulmonary function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of conventional chest physiotherapy (CCP) and of conventional physiotherapy associated with transcutaneous electrical diaphragmatic stimulation (CCP+TEDS) on pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in patients who have undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. METHODS: In total, 44 female patients with an average age of 37 ± 7.3 years and an average body mass index (BMI) of 47.4 ± 6.5 K/m² were selected as candidates for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass laparoscopy. They were evaluated for pulmonary volume and flow using spirometry and maximum respiratory pressure through manovacuometry during the preoperative period and on the fifteenth and thirtieth postoperative days. RESULTS: No differences were detected between CCP and CCP+TEDS, and both factors contributed to the maintenance of pulmonary flow and volume as well as inhalation muscle strength. Exhalation muscle strength was not maintained in the CCP group at fifteen or thirty days postoperative, but it was maintained in patients treated with conventional chest physiotherapy + transcutaneous electric diaphragmatic stimulation. DISCUSSION: These results suggest that both conventional chest physiotherapy and conventional chest physiotherapy + transcutaneous electric diaphragmatic stimulation prevent the reduction of pulmonary function during the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass postoperative period, and that transcutaneous electric diaphragmatic stimulation also contributes to expiratory muscle strength.
Calcium transients during early development in single starfish (Asterias forbesi) oocytes

Maturation and fertilization of the starfish oocyte are putative calcium-dependent events. We have investigated the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of this calcium dependence in single oocytes of Asterias forbesi. We used the calcium photoprotein, aequorin, in conjunction with a microscope-photomultiplier and microscope-image intensifier. Surprisingly, in contrast to earlier work with Marasthenias glacialis, there is no detectable increase in intracellular-free calcium in the oocyte of A. forbesi in response to the maturation hormone 1-methyl adenine. During fertilization of the same, matured, A. forbesi oocyte there is a large increase in intracellular-free calcium. The calcium concentration increases to approximately 1 microM at the point of insemination and the region of elevated free calcium expands across the oocyte in approximately 20 s (17-19 degrees C). After the entire oocyte reaches an elevated concentration of free calcium, the concentration decreases uniformly throughout the oocyte over the next several minutes.
Algorithms for Finite Field Arithmetic

We review several algorithms to construct finite fields and perform operations such as field embedding. Following previous work by notably Shoup, de Smit and Lenstra or Couveignes and Lercier, as well as results obtained with De Feo and Doliskani, we distinguish between algorithms that build "towers" of finite fields, with degrees of the form l, l2, l3,. and algorithms for composita. We show in particular how techniques that originate from algorithms for computing with triangular sets can be useful in such a context.
Preserving piece-wise linearity in fuzzy interpolation

Fuzzy interpolative reasoning plays an important role in fuzzy modelling as it not only helps to reduce the number of rules in a rule base, but also provides an inference mechanism for sparse rule bases. In interpolation, it is desirable to preserve piece-wise linearity as piece-wise linear results can thus be inferred from piece-wise linear rules and observations. This safely ensures the ignorance of non-characteristic points in performing interpolations. However, almost all existing fuzzy interpolative reasoning methods do not preserve piecewise linearity for general polygonal fuzzy sets. This paper, based on the work of [1], proposes a new interpolative method which preserves this property.
Aggregate Demand-Based Real-Time Pricing Mechanism for the Smart Grid: A Game-Theoretic Analysis

Managing peak energy demand is a critical problem for energy utilities. The energy costs for the peak periods form a major component of their overall costs. Real-time pricing mechanisms have been explored as a means of flattening the demand curve and reducing the energy costs. In this paper, we examine a model of ex-post real-time pricing mechanism that can be used by the utilities for this purpose. In particular, we study a convex piece-wise linear cost function that modulates the price of energy based on the aggregate demand of the utility. We provide a game-theoretic analysis of the mechanism by constructing a non-cooperative game among the consumers of a utility wherein the cost to each consumer is decided by the pricing mechanism. We formally characterize the Nash equilibrium and other properties for two settings: (i) consumers have full flexibility in shifting their demand, and (ii) consumers can shift only a fraction of their demand at any time to another time.
The Use of Sound as Context on Wearable Devices

this paper we will describe an experiment held to investigate the influence of different types of sound support used as context in an environment where users are not able to pay (enough) visual attention to their device. Both auditory icons and spoken text were tested against a reference group which had no sound to support them. In spite of the low number of participants it seems very likely auditory icons are a great improvement used as context. Spoken text however did not give any difference compared to the reference group.
Advances in interactive video scanning of paper documents

The paper describes the design and evaluation of CamWorks, a system that employs a video camera as a convenient means of capturing from paper sources during reading and writing. The user can view a live video image of the source document alongside the electronic document in preparation. We describe a novel user interface developed to support selection of text in the video window and several new techniques for segmentation, restoration and resolution enhancement of camera images. An evaluation shows substantially faster text capture than with flatbed scanning.
News and Social Policy: Reporting of Suicide and Mental Illness

With the view of causing an increase to take place in the mass of national wealth, or with a view to increase of the means either of subsistence or enjoyment, without some special reason, the general rule is, that nothing ought to be done or attempted by government. The motto, or watchword of government, on these occasions, ought to be ⎯ Be quiet.Whatever measures, therefore, cannot be justified as exceptions to that rule, may be considered as non-agenda on the part of government. ⎯ Jeremy Bentham (c.1801)
Contextual Hidden Markov Tree Model for the Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform

Multiresolution models such as the wavelet domain hidden Markov tree (HMT) provide a powerful approach for image modeling and processing because of the persistence properties of wavelet coefficients. In this paper, a new HMT model based on the dual-tree complex wavelet transform is proposed. The model is extended from the contextual hidden Markov tree (CHMT) to the complex wavelet transform, which can mitigate the two problems (shift-variance and lack of the clustering property of wavelet coefficients within a scale) of the conventional wavelet domain HMT model simultaneously. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the model for image denoising. Experiments show that this new model achieves better performance than other related HMT-based image denoising algorithms.
The Role of the p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway in High Glucose-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Cultured Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Background Epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tubular epithelial cells, which is characterized by a loss of epithelial cell characteristics and a gain of ECM-producing myofibroblast characteristics, is an essential mechanism that is involved in tubulointerstitial fibrosis, an important component of the renal injury that is associated with diabetic nephropathy. Under diabetic conditions, p38 MAPK activation has been reported in glomeruli and mesangial cells; however, studies on p38 MAPK in TECs are lacking. In this study, the role of p38 MAPK in AP-1 activation and in the EMT in the human proximal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2) under high glucose concentration conditions is investigated. Methodology/Principal Findings A vector for small interfering RNA that targets p38 MAPK was constructed; the cells were then either transfected with p38 siRNA or pretreated with a chemical inhibitor of AP-1 and incubated with low glucose plus TGF-β1 or high glucose for 48 h. Cells that were not transfected or pretreated and were exposed to low glucose with or without TGF-β1 or high glucose for 48 h were considered to be the controls. We found that high glucose induced an increase in TGF-β1. And high glucose-induced p38 MAPK activation was inhibited by p38 siRNA (P<0.05). A significant decline in E-cadherin and CK expression and a notable increase in vimentin and α-SMA were detected when exposed to low glucose with TGF-β1 or high glucose, and a significant raise of secreted fibronectin were detected when exposed to high glucose; whereas these changes were reversed when the cells were treated with p38 siRNA or AP-1 inhibitor (P<0.05). AP-1 activity levels and Snail expression were up-regulated under high glucose conditions but were markedly down-regulated through knockdown of p38 MAPK with p38 siRNA or pretreatment with AP-1 inhibitor (P<0.05). Conclusion This study suggests that p38 MAPK may play an important role in the high glucose-induced EMT by activating AP-1 in tubular epithelial cells.
Finite element prediction of fatigue damage growth in cancellous bone

Cyclic stresses applied to bones generate fatigue damage that affects the bone stiffness and its elastic modulus. This paper proposes a finite element model for the prediction of fatigue damage accumulation and failure in cancellous bone at continuum scale. The model is based on continuum damage mechanics and incorporates crack closure effects in compression. The propagation of the cracks is completely simulated throughout the damaged area. In this case, the stiffness of the broken element is reduced by 98% to ensure no stress-carrying capacities of completely damaged elements. Once a crack is initiated, the propagation direction is simulated by the propagation of the broken elements of the mesh. The proposed model suggests that damage evolves over a real physical time variable (cycles). In order to reduce the computation time, the integration of the damage growth rate is based on the cycle blocks approach. In this approach, the real number of cycles is reduced (divided) into equivalent blocks of cycles. Damage accumulation is computed over the cycle blocks and then extrapolated over the corresponding real cycles. The results show a clear difference between local tensile and compressive stresses on damage accumulation. Incorporating stiffness reduction also produces a redistribution of the peak stresses in the damaged region, which results in a delay in damage fracture.
Publishing Diachronic Life Science Linked Data

The Linked Data paradigm involves practices to publish, share, and connect data on the Web. Thus, it is a compelling approach for the dissemination and re-use of scientific data, realizing the vision of the so-called Linked Science. However, by just converting legacy scientific data as Linked Data, we do not fully meet the requirements of data re-use. Scientific data is evolving data. To ensure re-use and allow exploitation and validation of scientific results, several challenges related to scientific data dynamics should be tackled. In this paper, we deal with the publication of diachronic life science linked data. We propose a change model based on RDF to capture versioned entities. Based on this model we convert legacy data from biological databases as diachronic linked data. Our linked data server can assist biologists to explore biological entities and their evolution by either using SPARQL queries or navigating among entity versions. All services are publicly available at http://diana.imis. athena-innovation.gr/lod.
Comorbid Anxiety Disorders and Personality Disorders

目的:探讨焦虑障碍患者共病人格障碍的情况。 方法:对127例符合DSM-IV轴I焦虑障碍的患者进行了DSM-IV轴II人格障碍的诊断评估,并进行汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、疾病严重程度(CGI-SI)、社会功能缺陷(SDSS)等评定。 结果:①焦虑障碍与人格障碍的共病率为73. 2%;②共病者焦虑障碍的发病年龄更早(P<0.01),焦虑障碍病程更长(P<0.05),疾病更加严重(P<0.01),其焦虑、抑郁水平更高(P<0.05;P<0.05),社会功能更差(P<0.01)。 结论:焦虑障碍与人格障碍有较高的共病率,焦虑障碍与人格障碍共病患者的临床特征更加复杂。
Glutathione‐S‐transferase expression in the brain: possible role in ethanol preference and longevity

Identification of genes that are differentially expressed in rats bidirectionally selected for alcohol preference might reveal biological mechanisms underlying alcoholism or related phenotypes. Microarray analysis from medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a key brain region for drug reward, indicated increased expression of glutathione‐S‐transferases of the alpha (Gsta4) and mu (Gstm1–5) classes in ethanol‐preferring AA rats compared with nonpreferring ANA rats. Real‐time RT polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis demonstrated ∼2‐fold higher Gsta4 transcript levels in several brain regions of ethanol‐naive AA compared with ANA rats. Differences in mRNA levels were accompanied by differential levels of GSTA4 protein. We identified a novel haplotype variant in the rat Gsta4 gene, defined here as var3. Allele frequencies of var3 were markedly different between AA and ANA rats, 52% and 100%, respectively. Gsta4 expression was strongly correlated with the gene dose of var3, with ∼60% of the variance in expression accounted for by genotype at this locus. The contribution of glutathione S‐transferase expression to the ethanol‐preferring phenotype is presently unclear. It could, however, underlie observed differences in life span between AA and ANA lines, prompting a utility of this animal model in aging research. —Björk, K. , Saarikoski, S. T. , Arlinde, C. , Kovanen, L. , Osei‐Hyiaman, D. , Ubaldi, M. , Reimers, M. , Hyytiä, P., Heilig, M. Sommer, W. H. Glutathione‐S‐transferase expression in the brain: possible role in ethanol preference and longevity. FASEB J. 20, 1826–1835 (2006)
High Availability for Carrier-Grade SIP Infrastructure on Cloud Platforms

SIP infrastructure on cloud platforms has the potential to be both scalable and highly available. In our previous project, we focused on the scalability aspect of SIP services on cloud platforms; the focus of this project is on the high availability aspect. We investigated the effects of component fault on service availability with the goal of understanding how high availability can be guaranteed even in the face of component faults. The experiments were conducted empirically on a real system that runs on Amazon EC2. Our analysis shows that most component faults are masked with a simple automatic failover technique. However, we have also identified fundamental problems that cannot be addressed by simple failover techniques; a problem involving DNS cache in resolvers and a problem involving static failover configurations. Recommendations on how to solve these problems are included in the report.
Assessing factorial invariance of two-way rating designs using three-way methods

Assessing the factorial invariance of two-way rating designs such as ratings of concepts on several scales by different groups can be carried out with three-way models such as the Parafac and Tucker models. By their definitions these models are double-metric factorially invariant. The differences between these models lie in their handling of the links between the concept and scale spaces. These links may consist of unrestricted linking (Tucker2 model), invariant component covariances but variable variances per group and per component (Parafac model), zero covariances and variances different per group but not per component (Replicated Tucker3 model) and strict invariance (Component analysis on the average matrix). This hierarchy of invariant models, and the procedures by which to evaluate the models against each other, is illustrated in some detail with an international data set from attachment theory.
Fast Algorithm for Catching a Prey Quickly in Known and Partially Known Game Maps

In moving target search, the objective is to guide a hunter agent to catch a moving prey. Even though in game applications maps are always available at developing time, current approaches to moving target search do not exploit preprocessing to improve search performance. In this paper, we propose MtsCopa, an algorithm that exploits precomputed information in the form of compressed path databases (CPDs), and that is able to guide a hunter agent in both known and partially known terrain. CPDs have previously been used in standard, fixed-target pathfinding but had not been used in the context of moving target search. We evaluated MtsCopa over standard game maps. Our speed results are orders of magnitude better than current state of the art. The time per individual move is improved, which is important in real-time search scenarios, where the time available to make a move is limited. Compared to state of the art, the number of hunter moves is often better and otherwise comparable, since CPDs provide optimal moves along shortest paths. Compared to previous successful methods, such as I-ARA*, our method is simple to understand and implement. In addition, we prove MtsCopa always guides the agent to catch the prey when possible.
Privacy-Preserving Two-Party Distributed Association Rules Mining on Horizontally Partitioned Data

In many applications, data mining has to be done in distributed data scenarios. In such situations, data owners may be concerned with the misuse of data, hence, they do not want their data to be mined, especially when these contain sensitive information. Privacy-preserving Data Mining (PPDM) aims to protect data privacy in the course of data mining. Privacy preserving distributed association rules mining protocols have been developed for horizontally partitioned data scenarios with more than two participating parties. However, they depend on a secure multi-party summary and union computation, which cannot guarantee security while the number of participating parties is two. We use commutative encryption and design a secure division computation protocol as the core techniques to implement the protocols for the privacy-preserving two-party distributed mining of association rule mining. The protocols' security and performance are analyzed.
The Contrasting Effect of Macromolecular Crowding on Amyloid Fibril Formation

Background Amyloid fibrils associated with neurodegenerative diseases can be considered biologically relevant failures of cellular quality control mechanisms. It is known that in vivo human Tau protein, human prion protein, and human copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) have the tendency to form fibril deposits in a variety of tissues and they are associated with different neurodegenerative diseases, while rabbit prion protein and hen egg white lysozyme do not readily form fibrils and are unlikely to cause neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we have investigated the contrasting effect of macromolecular crowding on fibril formation of different proteins. Methodology/Principal Findings As revealed by assays based on thioflavin T binding and turbidity, human Tau fragments, when phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase-3β, do not form filaments in the absence of a crowding agent but do form fibrils in the presence of a crowding agent, and the presence of a strong crowding agent dramatically promotes amyloid fibril formation of human prion protein and its two pathogenic mutants E196K and D178N. Such an enhancing effect of macromolecular crowding on fibril formation is also observed for a pathological human SOD1 mutant A4V. On the other hand, rabbit prion protein and hen lysozyme do not form amyloid fibrils when a crowding agent at 300 g/l is used but do form fibrils in the absence of a crowding agent. Furthermore, aggregation of these two proteins is remarkably inhibited by Ficoll 70 and dextran 70 at 200 g/l. Conclusions/Significance We suggest that proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases are more likely to form amyloid fibrils under crowded conditions than in dilute solutions. By contrast, some of the proteins that are not neurodegenerative disease-associated are unlikely to misfold in crowded physiological environments. A possible explanation for the contrasting effect of macromolecular crowding on these two sets of proteins (amyloidogenic proteins and non-amyloidogenic proteins) has been proposed.