Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactive effects of pesticide mixtures, predators, and environmental regimes on the toxicity of two pesticides to red‐eyed tree frog larvae

Global amphibian declines have many corroborative causes, and the use of pesticides in agriculture is a likely contributor. In places with high pesticide usage, such as Costa Rica, agrochemical pesticides may interact with other factors to contribute to rapid species losses. Classical ecotoxicological studies rarely address the effects of a pesticide in combination with other stressors. The present study investigated the synergistic roles of 2 pesticides (chlorothalonil and endosulfan), predator stress, and environmental regimes (controlled laboratory environments versus ambient conditions) on the survival of red‐eyed tree frog larvae (Agalychnis callidryas). No synergistic effects of pesticide mixtures or predator stress were found on the toxicity of either chlorothalonil or endosulfan. Both pesticides, however, were considerably more toxic under realistic ambient temperature regimes than in a climate‐controlled laboratory. Overall, endosulfan displayed the highest toxicity to tadpoles, although chlorothalonil was also highly toxic. The median lethal concentration estimated to kill 50% of a tested population (LC50) for endosulfan treatments under ambient temperatures was less than one‐half of that for laboratory treatments (3.26 µg/L and 8.39 µg/L, respectively). Studies commonly performed in stable temperature‐controlled laboratories may significantly underestimate toxicity compared with more realistic environmental regimes. Furthermore, global climatic changes are leading to warmer and more variable climates and may increase impacts of pesticides on amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2379–2386. © 2013 SETAC
THE MEANING OF OCCUPATION: A META-SYNTHESIS OF ELEVEN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ARTICLES FROM THE JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SCIENCE Submitted by Morgan Rumble Department of Occupational Therapy

ii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.1 Meaning and occupation.1 Qualitative study of meaning.2 Qualitative meta-synthesis.3 The subjective experience.5 CHAPTER 2: METHOD.7 Preliminary work.7 Current study.12 CHAPTER 3: RESULTS.15 Social meanings.15 Belonging.17 Helping.19 Selfhood.19 Identity.20 Continuity.21 Goals/purposes.22 Self-efficacy/competence.23 Autonomy/independence/sense of control.24 Self-esteem.26 Other meanings.27
A fractional-N, all-digital injection-locked PLL with wide tuning range digitally controlled ring oscillator and Bang-Bang phase detection for temperature tracking in 40nm CMOS

A fractional-N digital PLL with injection locking and a fractional resolution higher than the native resolution given by the number of ring oscillator stages occupies 0.042 mm2 in 40 nm CMOS technology. It features a 400-to-1200 MHz digitally-controlled ring oscillator and in injection-locked mode, it tracks temperature and voltage changes by applying Bang-Bang phase detection re-alignment to the multiple phases of the ring oscillator. The integrated jitter is 4.34 psrms at 1.08 GHz with a reference frequency of 24 MHz and a power consumption of 7.7 mW.
Study and Detection of Mindless Reading

Mind-wandering refers to a phenomenon of having thoughts unrelated to the task at hand. Its occurrences have been documented across different activities in both experimentally controlled and real-life situations. Furthermore, evidence suggests that one’s mind may start to wander at will and in moments when we preferred it did not. Indeed, mind-wandering has been linked to deterioration of performance in a number of activities. One example is compromised text comprehension: Experiencing mind-wandering episodes is unconducive to efficient reading. One way we could hope to attenuate the negative influence of mind-wandering on performance is to recognize it and avoid it. However, because one may not be aware that their mind has wandered, we need to rely on external means of discovering mind-wandering. Unfortunately, current state-of-the-art methods of detecting mind-wandering are imprecise and impractical. In this dissertation, I attempt to ameliorate some of these methodological deficiencies by developing an alternative, a completely unobtrusive way of detecting mindless reading (i.e., mind-wandering during reading). The ability to read is the sine qua non of daily life in literate societies and has been studied for over 40 years. However, mindless reading literature is far less voluminous. Because of that, I approach mindless reading detection by first systematically studying mindless reading itself thus expanding our understanding of this still nebulous cognitive phenomenon. Eye movements play a central role in this work. Interestingly, even though text comprehension may cease entirely during mindless reading, eyes of mindless readers move remarkably similar to those of mindful readers. Despite that, my results suggest that eye movements can be used to successfully disentangle these two modes of reading.
An Evolutionary approach for solving Shrödinger Equation

The purpose of this paper is to present a method of solving the Shrodinger Equation (SE) by Genetic Algorithms and Grammatical Evolution. The method forms generations of trial solutions expressed in an analytical form. We illustrate the effectiveness of this method providing, for example, the results of its application to a quantum system minimal energy, and we compare these results with those produced by traditional analytical methods.
Drug Screening Using a Library of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes Reveals Disease-Specific Patterns of Cardiotoxicity

Background— Cardiotoxicity is a leading cause for drug attrition during pharmaceutical development and has resulted in numerous preventable patient deaths. Incidents of adverse cardiac drug reactions are more common in patients with preexisting heart disease than the general population. Here we generated a library of human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) from patients with various hereditary cardiac disorders to model differences in cardiac drug toxicity susceptibility for patients of different genetic backgrounds. Methods and Results— Action potential duration and drug-induced arrhythmia were measured at the single cell level in hiPSC-CMs derived from healthy subjects and patients with hereditary long QT syndrome, familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Disease phenotypes were verified in long QT syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and dilated cardiomyopathy hiPSC-CMs by immunostaining and single cell patch clamp. Human embryonic stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) and the human ether-a-go-go–related gene expressing human embryonic kidney cells were used as controls. Single cell PCR confirmed expression of all cardiac ion channels in patient-specific hiPSC-CMs as well as hESC-CMs, but not in human embryonic kidney cells. Disease-specific hiPSC-CMs demonstrated increased susceptibility to known cardiotoxic drugs as measured by action potential duration and quantification of drug-induced arrhythmias such as early afterdepolarizations and delayed afterdepolarizations. Conclusions— We have recapitulated drug-induced cardiotoxicity profiles for healthy subjects, long QT syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and dilated cardiomyopathy patients at the single cell level for the first time. Our data indicate that healthy and diseased individuals exhibit different susceptibilities to cardiotoxic drugs and that use of disease-specific hiPSC-CMs may predict adverse drug responses more accurately than the standard human ether-a-go-go–related gene test or healthy control hiPSC-CM/hESC-CM screening assays.
Designed and Evolved Blueprints For Physical Self-Replicating Machines

Self-replication is a process critical to natural and artificial life, but has been investigated to date mostly in simulation and in abstract systems. The near absence of physical demonstrations of self-replication is due primarily to the lack of a physical substrate in which self-replication can be implemented. This paper proposes a substrate composed of simple modular units, in which both simple and complex machines can construct and be constructed by other machines in the same substrate. A number of designs, both hand crafted and evolved, are proposed.
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Alarm Distress Baby Scale (ADBB)

Description. The Alarm Distress Baby (ADBB) Scale is developed to observe and measure social withdrawal in infants from 2-24 for months of age. These behaviors are organized into eight items and a trained observer only needs an observation of 10 to 15 minutes in order to score the ADBB. The scale is developed for clinical use, but is also useful for research purposes. The Norwegian translation of the ADBB scale was approved in 2008 by Guedeney who developed the scale together with Fermanian (Guedeney & Fermanian, 2001). Literature search. A literature search for a Scandinavian version of the ADBB scale did not reveal any scientific studies, but we included one study that reported data from a Norwegian prospective cohort study in one sub-group of premature infants and their mothers (n=64) and one sub-group of full-term infants and their mothers (n=238). Psychometrics. The Norwegian prospective cohort study reported mean scores, median for ADBB total and differences in prevalence of a ADBB total score over cut-off ≥5 for premature and fullterm infants, and group differences at 3-, 6and 9 months of age. Conclusion. Investigations of psychometric properties of any Scandinavian version of the ADBB scale do not exist yet, thus research on the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version is warrante. Innledning Alarm Distress Baby Scale (ADBB) ble utviklet av den franske barnepsykiateren Guedeney sammen med Fermanian for a kunne observere og male vedvarende sosial tilbaketrekkingsatferd hos sma barn. Guedeney og Fermanian (2001) kom ogsa med den forste publikasjon om ADBB-skalaen. Arbeidet med den norske oversettelsen av skalaen ble startet i 2007. Den ble oversatt av Frederic Mausner fra fransk til norsk, og sa tilbake til fransk, som sa ble godkjent av Guedeney. Den endelige oversettelsen er fra 2008. Det finnes ogsa en modifisert versjon av ADBB, m-ADBB, utviklet av Matthey, Crncec, Hales, og Guedeney (2013). PsykTestBarn 2014, 2:2 http://www.r-bup.no/CMS/ptb.nsf/pages/adbb 3 ADBB-skalaen er konstruert for systematisk a kunne observere og oppdage mulig vedvarende sosial tilbaketrekking hos barn i alderen mellom 2 til 24 maneder (Guedeney, Moe, Puura, Mantymaa, & Tamminen, 2010). Skalaen bestar av atte omrader: (1) ansiktsuttrykk, (2) blikkontakt, (3) generelt aktivitetsniva, (4) selvstimulerende bevegelser, (5) vokaliseringer, (6) responshurtighet ved stimulering, (7) evne til a innga i et samspill, og (8) barnets evne til a tiltrekke seg og beholde oppmerksomhet. Hvert omrade skares pa en skala fra 0 (absolutt innenfor normal variasjon) til 4 (betydelig og massiv atypisk atferd). Dette summeres til en total skare fra 0 til 32. Skalaen var i utgangspunktet utviklet for klinisk bruk (Guedeney, 2007), men den brukes ogsa til forskningsformal (se ogsa Guedeney, Matthey, og
Hybrid Encryption in the Multi-User Setting

This paper presents an attack in the multi-user setting on various publickey encryption schemes standardized in IEEE 1363a [20], SECG SEC 1 [27] and ISO 18033-2 [21]. The multi-user setting is a security model proposed by Bellare et al., which allows adversaries to simultaneously attack multiple ciphertexts created by one or more users. An attack is considered successful if the attacker learns information about any of the plaintexts. We show that many standardized public-key encryption schemes are vulnerable in this model, and give ways to prevent the attack. We also show that the key derivation function and pseudorandom generator used to implement a hybrid encryption scheme must be secure in the multi-user setting, in order for the overall primitive to be secure in the multi-user setting. As an illustration of the former, we show that using HKDF (as standardized in NIST SP 800-56C) as a key derivation function for certain standardized hybrid public-key encryption schemes is insecure in the multi-user setting.
Kernelized Bayesian Transfer Learning

Transfer learning considers related but distinct tasks defined on heterogenous domains and tries to transfer knowledge between these tasks to improve generalization performance. It is particularly useful when we do not have sufficient amount of labeled training data in some tasks, which may be very costly, laborious, or even infeasible to obtain. Instead, learning the tasks jointly enables us to effectively increase the amount of labeled training data. In this paper, we formulate a kernelized Bayesian transfer learning framework that is a principled combination of kernel-based dimensionality reduction models with task-specific projection matrices to find a shared subspace and a coupled classification model for all of the tasks in this subspace. Our two main contributions are: (i) two novel probabilistic models for binary and multiclass classification, and (ii) very efficient variational approximation procedures for these models. We illustrate the generalization performance of our algorithms on two different applications. In computer vision experiments, our method outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms on nine out of 12 benchmark supervised domain adaptation experiments defined on two object recognition data sets. In cancer biology experiments, we use our algorithm to predict mutation status of important cancer genes from gene expression profiles using two distinct cancer populations, namely, patient-derived primary tumor data and in-vitro-derived cancer cell line data. We show that we can increase our generalization performance on primary tumors using cell lines as an auxiliary data source.
Trust and recognition: a comparative study of client attitudes and workers' experiences in the welfare services

Since professional conduct is important in the lives of many people, trust and recognition between professionals and their clients are critical. Social professionals administer public resources on behalf of the welfare state, and their approaches and methods of intervention are mostly founded in current welfare policy. Despite this mandate, social professionals receive little acknowledgement and recognition. This article investigates the level of public trust in the Norwegian social services compared to the national insurance agencies, and to what extent the providers of these welfare services experience recognition and public approval. A central question is whether these aspects of external appreciation influence the professionals' motivation and feelings of accomplishment. Findings indicate that the social services receive less public support than the social insurance agencies, owing to the discretionary services provided and the stigma related to social assistance. The variation in institutional trust is reflected by the differences in workers' subjective experiences. That result notwithstanding, the service providers reveal a split view of themselves: while they experience themselves positively with respect to involvement and pride in their work, they also see themselves through the deprecating eyes of the public.
Graph-balancing algorithms for average consensus over directed networks

Consensus strategies find extensive applications in coordination of robot groups and decision-making of agents. Since balanced graph plays an important role in the average consensus problem and many other coordination problems for directed communication networks, this work explores the conditions and algorithms for the digraph balancing problem. Based on the analysis of graph cycles, we prove that a digraph can be balanced if and only if the null space of its incidence matrix contains positive vectors. Then, based on this result and the corresponding analysis, two weight balance algorithms have been proposed, and the conditions for obtaining a unique balanced solution and a set of analytical results on weight balance problems have been introduced. Then, we point out the relationship between the weight balance problem and the features of the corresponding underlying Markov chain. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to verify the proposed algorithms.
Preserving Institutional Power: The Supreme Court and Strategic Decision Making in the Separation of Powers

We argue that the Supreme Court's long-term goal of maintaining legitimacy and institutional power reflects an underdeveloped strategic consideration in models of judicial decision making. Our article posits that both institutional- and policy-related incentives exist for the Court to engage in strategic behavior, and that those motivations may be differentially applicable to decision making in constitutional versus statutory cases. Our results offer broad confirmation of the above hypotheses, providing an important supplement to our understanding of how Congress may affect the Supreme Court's role in constructing legal policy. Related Articles McKenzie, Mark Jonathan, and Michael A. Unger. 2011. “ ‘New Style’ Campaigning, Citizen Knowledge, and Sources of Legitimacy for State Courts: A Case Study in Texas. ” Politics & Policy 39 (5): 813-834. http://onlinelibrary.wiley. com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011. 00317.x/full Sharma, Hemant, and John M. Scheb II. 2011. “The Impact of Divided Government on the Supreme Court Appointment Process: An Assessment of Judicial Extremism, 1946–2009. ” Politics & Policy 39 (6): 1077-1105. http://onlinelibrary.wiley. com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011. 00325.x/full Curry, Brett, and Banks Miller. 2008. “Looking for Law in All the Wrong Places? Foreign Law and Support for the U.S. Supreme Court. ” Politics & Policy 36 (6): 1094-1124. http://onlinelibrary.wiley. com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2008. 00151.x/full Related Media Film Clips: Hoover Institution. 2012. “Uncommon Knowledge with Justice Antonin Scalia. ” http://www.youtube. com/watch? v=DaoLMW5AF4Y Big Think. 2012. “Stephen Breyer on Globalization and the Supreme Court. ” http://www.youtube. com/watch? v=mCA38zjwNJM Nuestro argumento es que la meta de largo plazo de mantener poder institucional y legitimidad de la Suprema Corte refleja una consideracion estrategica subdesarrollada de los modelos de hechura de decisiones judiciales. Nuestro estudio postula que incentivos tanto institucionales como los relacionados con politicas existen para que la corte incurra en un comportamiento estrategico y que tales motivaciones podrian ser diferenciadamente aplicables a la hechura de decisiones cuando se confrontan casos constitucionales contra reglamentarios. Los resultados ofrecen amplia confirmacion de las hipotesis mencionadas, ofreciendo un suplemento importante para entender como el Congreso puede afectar el papel de la Suprema Corte en la construccion de politicas legales.
Protein splicing elements: inteins and exteins--a definition of terms and recommended nomenclature.

Francine B.Perler*, Elaine O.Davis1, Gary E.Dean2, Frederick S.Gimble3, William E.Jack, Norma Neff4, Christopher J.Noren, Jeremy Thorner5 and Marlene Belfort6 New England Biolabs, Inc., Beverly, MA 01915, USA, 'National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK, 2University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0524, 3Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A & M University, Houston, TX 77030-3303, 4Sloan -Kettering, Molecular Biology Program, New York, NY 10021, 5University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 and 6Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research, NY State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
Arrhythmia diagnosis and management throughout life in congenital heart disease

ABSTRACT Arrhythmias, covering bradycardia and tachycardia, occur in association with congenital heart disease (CHD) and as a consequence of surgical repair. Symptomatic bradycardia can occur due to sinus node dysfunction or atrioventricular block secondary to either unrepaired CHD or surgical repair in the area of the conduction system. Tachyarrhythmias are common in repaired CHD due to scar formation, chamber distension or increased chamber pressure, all potentially leading to abnormal automaticity and heterogeneous conduction properties as a substrate for re-entry. Atrial arrhythmias occur more frequently, but ventricular tachyarrhythmias may be associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death, notably in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot or aortic stenosis. Defibrillator implantation provides life-saving electrical therapy for hemodynamically unstable arrhythmias. Ablation procedures with 3D electroanatomic mapping technology offer a viable alternative to pharmacologic or device therapy. Advances in electrophysiology have allowed for successful management of arrhythmias in patients with congenital heart disease.
Contextes éducatifs et inégalités scolaires

Il existe aujourd'hui d'enormes inegalites d'acces aux filieres d'elite du systeme educatif francais entre enfants d'origine sociale et geographique differente. une toute petite partie des familles, concentrees dans une minorite de lycees, s'accapare l'essentiel des positions scolaires donnant acces aux elites sociales et intellectuelles. au-dela de ces constats aujourd'hui relativement bien etablis, se pose la question des politiques publiques susceptibles de reduire ces inegalites et d'elargir la base sociale et geographique de recrutement des elites en france. autant la litterature abonde de constats alarmants sur la fermeture sociale des elites francaises, autant elle est pauvre en diagnostic empiriquement etayee sur le type de politique qui serait susceptible d'en ouvrir l'acces. est-il a portee de politiques publiques realistes d'ameliorer la fluidite sociale dans un pays comme la france ou bien la reproduction des elites represente-t-elle une contradiction au coeur des societes democratiques modernes ? sans s'arreter au constat fataliste du maintien voire de l'aggravation de la reproduction sociale des elites en france, cette these propose grâce a la collecte de donnees empiriques inedites de reperer scientifiquement les facteurs institutionnels et sociaux qui, a differents niveaux du systeme educatif, determinent les inegalites sociales d'acces aux filieres d'elite. la richesse de ce materiel empirique nous permettra par la meme occasion de concevoir les politiques publiques qui peuvent modifier le cours des choses de maniere realiste, en utilisant la marge d'action que possede encore le systeme educatif pour diminuer la reproduction sociale des elites malgre les inegalites economiques qui caracterisent notre societe.