Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Disambiguation Prediction Effect

ABSTRACT Children tend to select a novel object rather than a familiar object when asked to identify the referent of a novel label. Current accounts of this so-called disambiguation effect do not address whether children have a general metacognitive representation of this way of determining the reference of novel labels. In two experiments (each N = 48), three- and four-year-olds received a prediction task that required such a representation. In the initial phase, children completed four disambiguation test trials that were presented as instances of the same “game. ” In the next phase, they received four additional trials. These differed only in that before the label was presented, children were asked to predict which object “was going to be right. ” On the first prediction trial, most four-year-olds predicted the novel object, whereas most three-year-olds did not. On subsequent trials, despite having received feedback regarding predictions, three-year-olds showed no tendency to begin to predict the novel object, whereas most four-year-olds continued to make this prediction. These findings add to the evidence that most children develop a general metacognitive representation of their tendency to map novel labels onto novel rather than familiar objects some time around their fourth birthday.
Stigma as a barrier to seeking health care among military personnel with mental health problems.

Approximately 60% of military personnel who experience mental health problems do not seek help, yet many of them could benefit from professional treatment. Across military studies, one of the most frequently reported barriers to help-seeking for mental health problems is concerns about stigma. It is, however, less clear how stigma influences mental health service utilization. This review will synthesize existing research on stigma, focusing on those in the military with mental health problems. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies between 2001 and 2014 to examine the prevalence of stigma for seeking help for a mental health problem and its association with help-seeking intentions/mental health service utilization. Twenty papers met the search criteria. Weighted prevalence estimates for the 2 most endorsed stigma concerns were 44.2% (95% confidence interval: 37.1, 51.4) for "My unit leadership might treat me differently" and 42.9% (95% confidence interval: 36.8, 49.0) for "I would be seen as weak. " Nine studies found no association between anticipated stigma and help-seeking intentions/mental health service use and 4 studies found a positive association. One study found a negative association between self-stigma and intentions to seek help. Counterintuitively, those that endorsed high anticipated stigma still utilized mental health services or were interested in seeking help. We propose that these findings may be related to intention-behavior gaps or methodological issues in the measurement of stigma. Positive associations may be influenced by modified labeling theory. Additionally, other factors such as self-stigma and negative attitudes toward mental health care may be worth further attention in future investigation.
Australian and New Zealand Information Literacy Framework

be available on the unit of study WebCT site so that students can work in their own time. We have also included context specific examples in the workshop of critical evaluation in the hope that this may make the task more relevant for our students. Curriculum design to aid development of critical evaluation Since the third year students obviously found this a daunting task we have decided to introduce a vertically integrated approach to critical evaluation and expose students in a second year unit of study to critical evaluation. This will be built on in third year and prepare the students for their thesis in fourth year. This approach is supported by comments from students " the critical review was the first we had ever done-perhaps more coaching in these areas would be helpful " and " I already realised the importance of this attribute but do not believe I have mastered it in this course. Work should begin in earlier years ". Last year the second year students were given reading material to introduce them to ideas about critical evaluation and an assignment where they chose a paper from a list of published papers to critically review. They were expected to source two additional papers related to the topic. 66% of students said their confidence in critically evaluating material had increased as a result of completing the assignment (encouragingly, 97% also reported an increase in their knowledge of the topic). This year we are hoping to initiate a timetabled workshop to introduce the topic; set an assignment and provide exercises in WebCT to support students. The approach taken by Denyer (2000) of giving students the materials and methods section of a paper without the " expert " commentary of the introduction or discussion to critically evaluate, may provide a good introduction for second year students. We would expect third year students to critically engage in all aspects of the research article. Some may say that by teaching critical evaluation in a very context specific way we are not preparing our students to be true critical readers. But it is a starting point. I know that I would be more cautious about critically evaluating something outside my area of expertise than within a topic I am comfortable with. This work is already proving to be vital in increasing students' confidence and ability to critically evaluate scientific literature. Even though it …
Information coding with neural ensembles for a mobile robot

For robot navigation (obstacle avoidance) we propose to use special neural network, because of its large information capacity for non correlated data. We prove this feature in contrast for correlated data in the robot task. This information is generated by a simulator and coded into neural ensembles. The coding method allows different parameters with their numeric values to be stored; it also provides similarity for close values and eliminates it in other case. The developed system combines the quality of the neural network as associative memory and the coding method to permit learning from some specific situations. So we prove the system introducing only the situation information and retrieving the appropriate maneuver for it.
Financing growth and innovation in France

This chapter, which is based on an examination of empirical literature, analyses the financing of innovative and HGSMEs in France and presents the characteristics of French policies in this regard. It presents an estimation of the number of high growth and innovative SMEs in France based on figures from different sources. It assesses the role of financial constraints on innovation and stresses that when a firm faces difficulty to finance its innovative activities, other obstacles to innovate appeared to be magnified. The chapter also presents the function of different financing actors and instruments at different stages of the firm’s life cycle and underlines the role of proximity capital in filling the gap between demand and supply of financing. It finally puts forward a framework for policy.
Extracting Anthropometric Parameters from a Scanned 3D-Head-Model

Head-related transfer functions (HRTFs), which reflect the interaction between sound waves and human anatomical structures, are core of virtual auditory environments (VAEs). To achieve authentic VAEs, individual HRTFs need to be incorporated in signal synthesis. Accurately measuring HRTF-relevant anthropometric parameters is important in the anthropometry-based HRTF customization method which is regarded as a promising approach to obtain individual HRTFs. Traditional measurement methods using rulers and photography suffer from low accuracy. This paper proposes a new measuring method for extracting HRTF-relevant anthropometric parameters from a scanned 3D-head-model. The proposed method is validated using a representative head model, KEMAR (Knowles Electronics Manikin for Acoustic Research). First, the real head model of KEMAR was scanned by a 3D laser scanner, then length-, angle-, and area-related anthropometric parameters were extracted from the scanned 3D-head-model by using two dedicated softwares, Pro Engineering and Solidworks. Compared with the original design criteria of KEMAR, most of relative deviations are less than 1%, suggesting the proposed method is accurate.
Job Separations, Heterogeneity, and Earnings Inequality

Changes in the fraction of workers experiencing job separations can account for most of the increase in earnings dispersion that occurred both between, as well as within educational groups in the United States from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s. This is not true of changes in average earnings losses following job separations. A search model with exogenous human capital accumulation calibrated to match some selected moments of the U.S. labor market is used to measure the effects of changes in the fraction of workers experiencing job separations (extensive margin) versus changes in average earnings losses following job separations (intensive margin). While both margins do well in accounting for the increase in the college premium, only the changes in the extensive margin do well in accounting for the increases in the variance of both the permanent and transitory components of earnings.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Intra- and Interindividual Variation in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid*S

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a potential source of biomarkers for many disorders of the central nervous system, including Alzheimer disease (AD). Prior to comparing CSF samples between individuals to identify patterns of disease-associated proteins, it is important to examine variation within individuals over a short period of time so that one can better interpret potential changes in CSF between individuals as well as changes within a given individual over a longer time span. In this study, we analyzed 12 CSF samples, composed of pairs of samples from six individuals, obtained 2 weeks apart. Multiaffinity depletion, two-dimensional DIGE, and tandem mass spectrometry were used. A number of proteins whose abundance varied between the two time points was identified for each individual. Some of these proteins were commonly identified in multiple individuals. More importantly, despite the intraindividual variations, hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling analysis of the proteomic profiles revealed that two CSF samples from the same individual cluster the closest together and that the between-subject variability is much larger than the within-subject variability. Among the six subjects, comparison between the four cognitively normal and the two very mildly demented subjects also yielded some proteins that have been identified in previous AD biomarker studies. These results validate our method of identifying differences in proteomic profiles of CSF samples and have important implications for the design of CSF biomarker studies for AD and other central nervous system disorders.
SILVERBACK: Scalable association mining for temporal data in columnar probabilistic databases

We address the problem of large scale probabilistic association rule mining and consider the trade-offs between accuracy of the mining results and quest of scalability on modest hardware infrastructure. We demonstrate how extensions and adaptations of research findings can be integrated in an industrial application, and we present the commercially deployed SILVERBACK framework, developed at Voxsup Inc. SILVERBACK tackles the storage efficiency problem by proposing a probabilistic columnar infrastructure and using Bloom filters and reservoir sampling techniques. In addition, a probabilistic pruning technique has been introduced based on Apriori for mining frequent item-sets. The proposed target-driven technique yields a significant reduction on the size of the frequent item-set candidates. We present extensive experimental evaluations which demonstrate the benefits of a context-aware incorporation of infrastructure limitations into corresponding research techniques. The experiments indicate that, when compared to the traditional Hadoop-based approach for improving scalability by adding more hosts, SILVERBACK - which has been commercially deployed and developed at Voxsup Inc. since May 2011 - has much better run-time performance with negligible accuracy sacrifices.
Comments on Cline and Williamson's 'Estimates of the Equilibrium Exchange Rate of the Renminbi?'

Bill Cline and John Williamson have performed a timely and useful service in providing a well-executed survey of recent estimates of the proper value of the yuan. The literature is by now large enough to merit a survey, while the topic remains one of the hottest policy questions of international finance in recent years. The width of the range of estimates is an appropriate subject of consideration in its own right: a failure for experts to come to even a rough consensus on whether a currency is undervalued or overvalued would call into question giving the IMF or the US Treasury legal mandates to assess the correct value and to levy penalties if corrections by the erring government are not forthcoming.
Nutritional and Feeding Strategies to Minimize Nutrient Losses in Livestock Manure

The livestock industry has undergone substantial changes in the past few decades. The poultry, swine, and dairy industries in particular have become increasingly concentrated. This has resulted in fewer, but larger, livestock operations throughout the country. As a result, there has been a growing concern about odor emissions from livestock operations and potential decreased water quality caused by nutrient runoff from livestock manure. One of the key components to lowering air and water pollution from manure is the animal diet.
Formation of sprite streamers at subbreakdown conditions from ionospheric inhomogeneities resembling observed sprite halo structures

Modeling results of sprite streamer formation from large ionospheric inhomogeneities or patches (several tens to hundreds of meter wide) indicate that positive streamers can be initiated at subbreakdown conditions from the inhomogeneities with a density comparable to sprite halo densities. For spherical patches with a given radius, the minimum density required for streamer initiation decreases with increasing ambient field. For a given density, the minimum size of the inhomogeneity decreases with increasing ambient field. The modeling results on the associated optical emissions show that a luminous spherical‐like cap appears around the lower tip of the ionization patch before streamer initiation, and the streamer is initiated from the bottom of this cap, which appears to be similar to streamer initiation from luminous structures in the lower ionosphere recorded by recent high‐speed videos. Our study suggests that if the sprite halo front is unstable, inhomogeneities developing from it can initiate sprite streamers at subbreakdown conditions.
Variations on the Histogram

When constructing a histogram, it is common to make all bars the same width. One could also choose to make them all have the same area. These two options have complementary strengths and weaknesses; the equal-width histogram oversmooths in regions of high density, and is poor at identifying sharp peaks; the equal-area histogram oversmooths in regions of low density, and so does not identify outliers. We describe a compromise approach which avoids both of these defects. We regard the histogram as an exploratory device, rather than as an estimate of a density. We argue that relying on the asymptotics of integrated mean squared error leads to inappropriate recommendations for choosing bin-widths. Datasets and R codes are available in the online supplements.
Multi-band antennas for SDR wireless handset application

In this paper we present a multi band antenna capable of supporting DVB-H, GSM and WCDMA communication protocols. The frequency bands covered by the antenna are: DVB-H (470-780 MHz), GSM-I(880-915 / 925-960 MHz), GSM-II (1710-1785 / 1805-1880 MHz), and WCDMA Band I (1920-1980 / 2110-2170 MHz). The antenna is part of the Software Defined Radio platform designed by Sandbridge Technologies.
Regulating Reward Training by Means of Certainty Prediction in a Neural Network-Implemented Pong Game

We present the first reinforcement-learning model to self-improve its reward-modulated training implemented through a continuously improving "intuition" neural network. An agent was trained how to play the arcade video game Pong with two reward-based alternatives, one where the paddle was placed randomly during training, and a second where the paddle was simultaneously trained on three additional neural networks such that it could develop a sense of "certainty" as to how probable its own predicted paddle position will be to return the ball. If the agent was less than 95% certain to return the ball, the policy used an intuition neural network to place the paddle. We trained both architectures for an equivalent number of epochs and tested learning performance by letting the trained programs play against a near-perfect opponent. Through this, we found that the reinforcement learning model that uses an intuition neural network for placing the paddle during reward training quickly overtakes the simple architecture in its ability to outplay the near-perfect opponent, additionally outscoring that opponent by an increasingly wide margin after additional epochs of training.
Managing an Evolving Shared Knowledge Repository : The Upgrade Process via Semantic Mediation

This research focuses on the problem of ontology change management in the context of evolving shared hierarchical knowledge repositories. We propose a framework for dealing with ontology evolution via semantic mediation. In particular we present a MultiAgent System (MAS) architecture that would be deployed to manage changes in shared ontologies such as update, deletion and renaming of classes in a dynamic environment. The proposed mediation process will be a mixed-initiative effort involving both intelligent agents and domain experts. The goal of this research is to extend the currently ongoing work in ontology evolution by including hierarchical ontology structures using semantic mediation. To validate this approach and to provide proof-of-concept, several tools have been used such as Jena and Protégé. We demonstrate how this multi-agent approach can enable ontology evolution and change management by using the JADE platform. Key-Words: Ontology Evolution, Shared Knowledge Repository, Change Management, Semantic Mediation
Next Generation Cancer Protection: The Bivalent HPV Vaccine for Females

Nearly a half a million women throughout the world develop cervical cancer every year Parkin and Bray (“Chapter 2. The burden of HPVrelated cancers,” Vaccine, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. S11–S25, 2006); 80% of these women are in countries without a quality-assured cytology screening program. It is in this setting that Cervarix could reduce the incidence of cervical cancer to about 9.5/100,000 women. New evidence indicates that this might be able to be accomplished with a single dose of Cervarix, a great advantage to public health implementation programs Kreimer et al. (“Proof-of-principle evaluation of the efficacy of fewer than three doses of a bivalent HPV16/18 vaccine, The Journal of the National Cancer Institute, vol. 103, no. 19, pp. 1444–1451, 2011). In countries with screening programs, adenocarcinoma is the most difficult to detect and treat with later-stage presentation and higher mortality Smith et al. (“The rising incidence of adenocarcinoma relative to squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix in the United States—a 24-year population-based study,” Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 97–105, 2000) and Gunnell et al. (“A longitudinal Swedish study on screening for squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma: evidence of effectiveness and overtreatment,” Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 2641–2648, 2007). With additional cross-protection to HPV 31, 33, and 45 and protection against HPV 16 and 18 lasting at least 9.4 years, Cervarix may reduce adenocarcinomas in screened populations by more than 90%. This paper will detail the evidence about the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of Cervarix in the studied populations contrasting public health goals with individual health options.
A cell-based, microplate colorimetric screen identifies 7,8-benzoflavone and green tea gallate catechins as inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus.

We describe a cell-based, microplate colorimetric screen for anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) drugs that exploits the HCV-JFH1 viral culture system. Antiviral activity was assessed by measuring protection against the HCV-JFH1-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) in Huh7.5. 1 cells using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability assay. The use of serum-free medium substantially sensitized Huh7.5. 1 cells to HCV-induced CPE, causing sufficient cell death to perform colorimetric assays for anti-HCV activity in 96-well plates. As a proof of concept, we carried out a pilot screen of an inhibitor library and identified cyclosporin A and tamoxifen, two compounds with reported anti-HCV activity. Using the assay, we discovered the anti-HCV properties of the plant flavonoids epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and 7,8-benzoflavone (α-naphthoflavone). Other gallate-type catechins and flavones also displayed anti-HCV activity, but 5,6-benzoflavone (β-naphthoflavone), flavanone, and non-gallate catechins were inactive. EGCG apparently acted mainly on HCV entry, although it may also block other steps. In contrast, 7,8-benzoflavone was presumed to inhibit later stages of the HCV life cycle. This assay is simple, reliable and cost-effective; does not require any specially engineered cell lines or viruses; and should be useful in the identification of compounds with anti-HCV activity.