Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Fault Tolerance in Modular Multilevel Converters With Integrated Energy Storage

Energy storage (ES) integration into the grid is typically achieved using a two- or three-level dc/ac converter with ES interfaced directly to the inverter's dc link or through a dc/dc converter. In both cases, long-series connected strings of batteries are required to efficiently maintain the necessary dc-link voltage. Such configurations are susceptible to reliability issues, as shutdown of a battery string due to individual battery failure, overheating, or overcharging/discharging results in loss of a large fraction of ES capacity. To increase the reliability of an ES system, shorter strings of batteries are preferable. In this study, the ES is subdivided into many banks of short-series strings, which are integrated into the submodules of a modular multilevel converter (MMC). To further enhance the reliability, the MMC should also be unaffected by an ES bank shutdown. This paper investigates the robustness of the MMC to ES bank failure by assessing the power balance between submodules when a subset of ES banks is not operational. The analysis concludes that as many as 33% of ES banks may be shutdown without affecting MMC power exchange with the grid, and is supported with both simulation and experimental results.
Avoidance of oxidative‐stress perturbation in yeast bioprocesses by proteomic and genomic biostrategies?

Aims: Bioprocess oxidative stress caused by many reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to largely irreversible perturbation of yeast bioprocesses. These include the production of proteins derived from recombinant DNA yeast technology (aerobically grown Saccharomyces cerevisiae). These proteins include rennin, amyloglucosidases (glucamylases), interferons, interleukins, insulin, monoclonal antibodies, tissue plasminogen activators (t‐PA), sexually transmitted disease antigens, and measles, mumps and rubella antigens, growth hormones, somatotropin, blood clotting factors VIII and XIII. In addition, there may be a demand for severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus antigens, hepatitis A, B and C viral‐selected antigens, HIV retroviral antigens, influenza antigens, trypanosomal antigens, and foot and mouth disease antigens. Prevention of oxidative stress has been achieved by application of antioxidant redox metalloenzymes such as superoxide dismutases (containing Cu/Zn cytosolic, Mn mitochondrial and Fe bacterial) glutathione peroxidases (and other Se‐containing proteins and enzymes such as the thioredoxins), catalases (Fe‐containing), cytochrome c peroxidases (Fe‐containing), ceruloplasmins (Cu‐containing), metallothionines (these cysteine thiol‐rich proteins bind ions of cadmium and mercury) and tyrosinases(Cu‐containing).
Temperature-induced cardiac remodelling in fish

ABSTRACT Thermal acclimation causes the heart of some fish species to undergo significant remodelling. This includes changes in electrical activity, energy utilization and structural properties at the gross and molecular level of organization. The purpose of this Review is to summarize the current state of knowledge of temperature-induced structural remodelling in the fish ventricle across different levels of biological organization, and to examine how such changes result in the modification of the functional properties of the heart. The structural remodelling response is thought to be responsible for changes in cardiac stiffness, the Ca2+ sensitivity of force generation and the rate of force generation by the heart. Such changes to both active and passive properties help to compensate for the loss of cardiac function caused by a decrease in physiological temperature. Hence, temperature-induced cardiac remodelling is common in fish that remain active following seasonal decreases in temperature. This Review is organized around the ventricular phases of the cardiac cycle – specifically diastolic filling, isovolumic pressure generation and ejection – so that the consequences of remodelling can be fully described. We also compare the thermal acclimation-associated modifications of the fish ventricle with those seen in the mammalian ventricle in response to cardiac pathologies and exercise. Finally, we consider how the plasticity of the fish heart may be relevant to survival in a climate change context, where seasonal temperature changes could become more extreme and variable. Summary: Thermal acclimation of some temperate fishes causes extensive remodelling of the heart. The resultant changes to the active and passive properties of the heart represent a highly integrated phenotypic response.
Construct validation of emotional labor scale for a sample of Pakistani corporate employees.

OBJECTIVE To translate, adapt and validate emotional labour scale for Pakistani corporate employees. METHODS This study was conducted in locale of Rawalpindi and Islamabad from October 2014 to December 2015, and comprised customer service employees of commercial banks and telecommunication companies. It comprised of two independent parts. Part one had two steps. Step one involved translation and adaptation of the instrument. In the second step psychometric properties of the translated scale were established by administering it to customer services employees from commercial banks and the telecommunication sector. Data of the pilot study was analysed by using exploratory factor analysis to extract the initial factor of emotional labour. Part two comprised the main study. Commercial bank employees were included in the sample by using convenient sampling technique. SPSS 20 was used for data analysis. RESULTS There were 145 participants in the first study and 495 in the second study . Exploratory factor analysis initially generated three-factor model of emotional labour which was further confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis suggesting that emotional labour had three distinct dimensions, i.e. surface acting, deep acting and genuine expressions of emotions. CONCLUSIONS The emotional labour scale was found to be a valid and reliable measure.
Cell-type–specific inhibition of the dendritic plateau potential in striatal spiny projection neurons

Significance Dendritic plateau potentials generated by the activation of clustered excitatory inputs play a crucial role in neuronal computation and are involved in sensory perception, learning, and memory. Current studies largely focus on the genesis of plateau potentials. However, little is known about how somatic and local dendritic inhibitions control dendritic plateau potentials. The conventional view of the effectiveness of local dendritic inhibition relies on shunting inhibition. Moreover, massive excitatory conductance could overweigh the shunting inhibition. Here we describe a form of cell-type–specific dendritic inhibition in the striatal spiny projection neurons, in which the inhibition provides precise control over the amplitude, kinetics, and duration of plateau potentials, and thus the spiking output of spiny projection neurons. Striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) receive convergent excitatory synaptic inputs from the cortex and thalamus. Activation of spatially clustered and temporally synchronized excitatory inputs at the distal dendrites could trigger plateau potentials in SPNs. Such supralinear synaptic integration is crucial for dendritic computation. However, how plateau potentials interact with subsequent excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs remains unknown. By combining computational simulation, two-photon imaging, optogenetics, and dual-color uncaging of glutamate and GABA, we demonstrate that plateau potentials can broaden the spatiotemporal window for integrating excitatory inputs and promote spiking. The temporal window of spiking can be delicately controlled by GABAergic inhibition in a cell-type–specific manner. This subtle inhibitory control of plateau potential depends on the location and kinetics of the GABAergic inputs and is achieved by the balance between relief and reestablishment of NMDA receptor Mg2+ block. These findings represent a mechanism for controlling spatiotemporal synaptic integration in SPNs.
Improving speaker identification system using discrete wavelet transform and AWGN

This paper presents a robust speaker identification method from degraded noisy speech signals. This method is based on Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) for feature extraction from the noisy speech signals and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). A comparative analysis is carried out with the traditional MFCCs based feature extraction method from noisy speech signals with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The implementation mainly incorporates MFCCs which used for feature extraction and Vector Quantization using the Linde-Buzo-Gray (VQLBG) algorithm. It aims to minimize the amount of data to be handled. Results show that feature extraction from DWT of the degraded signals adds more speech features from the approximation and detail components. This helps achieving higher identification rates. Results also show that the proposed method improves the recognition rates computed at different degradation levels using different values of SNR cases.
Why Is Web Search So Hard... to Evaluate?

Web search has several important characteristics that distinguish it from traditional information retrieval: the often adversarial relationship between content creators and search engine designers, the nature of the corpus, and the multiplicity of user goals. In addition to making the search task itself difficult, these characteristics make it particularly hard to evaluate search effectiveness. In this paper, we examine these characteristics and then consider the problems with several different standard evaluation techniques.
QDV - A QoS Enabled Packet Scheduling Scheme for Mobile WiMAX in UAV Swarms

For the reliable control of Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (MUAV) using IP based networks it is of high importance to assure certain quality of service warranties for the transmission of control information. The mobile WiMAX standard IEEE 802.16e defines five QoS Classes which represent different requirements concerning data rate and delay. The scheduling scheme which is used to fulfill these requirements can be independently chosen by the network operator. In this paper we present a novel QoS aware scheduling scheme which can be parameterized in a very flexible and simple way and therefore enables the network operator to set up the service guarantees very accurate depending on the specific requirements. This is of special importance in the case that WiMAX is used for untypical applications such as for example the control of UAVs and therewith the requirements do not exactly match the predefined QoS classes.
Java generics are turing complete

This paper describes a reduction from the halting problem of Turing machines to subtype checking in Java. It follows that subtype checking in Java is undecidable, which answers a question posed by Kennedy and Pierce in 2007. It also follows that Java's type checker can recognize any recursive language, which improves a result of Gill and Levy from 2016. The latter point is illustrated by a parser generator for fluent interfaces.
Improving Internal Peptide Dynamics in the Coarse-Grained MARTINI Model: Toward Large-Scale Simulations of Amyloid- and Elastin-like Peptides

We present an extension of the coarse-grained MARTINI model for proteins and apply this extension to amyloid- and elastin-like peptides. Atomistic simulations of tetrapeptides, octapeptides, and longer peptides in solution are used as a reference to parametrize a set of pseudodihedral potentials that describe the internal flexibility of MARTINI peptides. We assess the performance of the resulting model in reproducing various structural properties computed from atomistic trajectories of peptides in water. The addition of new dihedral angle potentials improves agreement with the contact maps computed from atomistic simulations significantly. We also address the question of which parameters derived from atomistic trajectories are transferable between different lengths of peptides. The modified coarse-grained model shows reasonable transferability of parameters for the amyloid- and elastin-like peptides. In addition, the improved coarse-grained model is also applied to investigate the self-assembly of β-sheet forming peptides on the microsecond time scale. The octapeptides SNNFGAIL and (GV)4 are used to examine peptide aggregation in different environments, in water, and at the water–octane interface. At the interface, peptide adsorption occurs rapidly, and peptides spontaneously aggregate in favor of stretched conformers resembling β-strands.
Driving Simulation Conference 2012 Perception of Longitudinal Acceleration on Dynamic Driving Simulator

– Classical washout algorithm for driving simulators doesn't take into account the non-linearity of human sensory systems. Our previous work showed that the most realistic tilt/translation ratio for the simulation of braking during passive driving depends on the level of deceleration. However, the interpretation of previous results cannot be extended to acceleration. Therefore, a new experiment was developed in order to determine if the best tilt/translation ratios found for braking are also valid for acceleration. The present results suggest that the acceleration is generally overestimated directly proportional to the level of acceleration, but contrary to what was observed for deceleration, the variation of tilt/translation ratio doesn't seem to have an impact on the final perception of motion. As a conclusion, the simulation of deceleration and acceleration on a dynamic driving simulator should be considered separately. Mots clés: simulateur dynamique de conduite, perception du mouvement, accélération longitudinale, intégration multisensorielle.
Calculation of Carrier Distribution, Space Charge Accumulation, and Internal Electric Field Distribution in CdZnTe Detectors under Extremely High X-Ray Doses

Photon counting CdZnTe (or Cadmium Zinc Telluride) detectors have been accepted as a new generation device for X-ray imaging in the last decades [1]. In this case, CdZnTe detector may work under extremely high X-ray dose [2-4]. For example, in medical CT, X-ray flux can be as high as 108 Photon/s/mm2 to obtain images with enough contrast [5-7]. However, CdZnTe crystal was found to have polarization effect under such high doses of X-ray [7,8]. On the other side, the amplitude of the charge signal generated by a detector can be extremely low, even at the same level of noise [9,10]. In this case, the detector will be in a “stagnation” state and cannot work properly [11-13]. Therefore, the application requires X-ray detector to possess high resolution at low X-ray dose as well as to bear high X-ray flux without deterioration. Such a task of CZT X-ray detectors is usually hindered by the existence of highdensity non-equilibrium carriers in the crystal, particularly holes with a low mobility lifetime, which are trapped by deep level defects [14-16]. The electrostatic repulsion force of the crystal defects accumulates space charge. When the accumulated space charge reaches a certain value, the electric field will be distorted, which will severely impede the transport process of carriers and deteriorate the performance of the detector [17-19]. In the present paper, the space charge accumulation behaviors and their effects on the detector performance will be evaluated by analyzing the trap and de-trap process of X-ray stimulated charges. Methods and Calculations
Understanding the effects of changes on the cost‐effectiveness of regression testing techniques

Regression testing is an expensive testing process used to validate modified software. Regression test selection and test‐case prioritization can reduce the costs of regression testing by selecting a subset of test cases for execution, or scheduling test cases to meet testing objectives better. The cost‐effectiveness of these techniques can vary widely, however, and one cause of this variance is the type and magnitude of changes made in producing a new software version. Engineers unaware of the causes and effects of this variance can make poor choices in designing change integration processes, selecting inappropriate regression testing techniques, designing excessively expensive regression test suites and making unnecessarily costly changes. Engineers aware of causal factors can perform regression testing more cost‐effectively. This article reports the results of an embedded multiple case study investigating the modifications made in the evolution of four software systems and their impact on regression testing techniques. The results of this study expose tradeoffs and constraints that affect the success of techniques and provide guidelines for designing and managing regression testing processes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Status of Large and Medium-sized Mammals at JRBP Introduction Mammals are an important ecological component of all terrestrial ecosystems

Status of Large and Medium-sized Mammals at JRBP Introduction Mammals are an important ecological component of all terrestrial ecosystems (Cole and Wilson 1996). As seed and fruit dispersers they are critical in determining the seed rain, germination potential and establishment of many plant species (Andresen 1999, Jansen et al. 2004). As flower visitors, some mammals, particularly bats and marsupials, are crucial pollinators of a variety of plant species, determining plant reproductive success and genetic diversity (Carthew and Goldingay 1997, Vaughan et al. 2000). As seed predators, they determine the fate of dispersed seeds and shape the template for seedling distribution in space (Hulme 1998). As herbivores, they are an important conduit of energy flow and they may affect plant growth, survival and reproduction, eventually determining population recruitment (Dannell and Bergström 2002). These activities, collectively, may have an impact on the diversity, composition, and structure of plant communities. For example, browsing, trampling, and defecation by deer in oak woodlands may affect the spatial distribution of nutrients, the regeneration patterns of dominant plants (e.g., oaks in woodlands), and the interaction of dominant plants with other plant species in the ecosystem. As carnivores, they operate as population control agents of other animals, such as herbivores, indirectly influencing plant community diversity and structure, as well as operating as population control of potential pest species. As a reflection of all these roles, medium/large mammals are important indicators of ecosystem health and integrity. Current anthropogenic impacts (e.g., habitat destruction and hunting) threaten the survival or abundance of wild medium/large mammals. Furthermore, as a consequence of habitat destruction, some mammals in the guild, particularly predatory species of large size (e.g., mountain lions), are venturing into urban areas, posing a risk to humans and to the animals themselves. However the lack of data on the status of medium/large mammals and their population trends hinders our capacity to conserve, apply restoration programs, and detect risks and possible negative impacts of human-wildlife conflicts. This makes it evident that a thorough assessment of any terrestrial ecosystem needs to address the study of species composition, spatio-temporal variation in abundance and species interactions (within and among trophic levels) of the mammalian community. In this chapter we review the state of knowledge of mammals ranging in size from squirrels (0.5-0.9 kg) to mountain lions (40-100 kg), in an attempt to contribute to the assessment of the state of the Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve. Available information on this group of animals is extremely limited, and we base our assessment on the compilation of the scant information, mostly shortterm studies or student reports, and preliminary data derived from an ongoing project based on the detection of animals by means of camera traps.
Pedestrian detection in far infrared images

This paper presents an experimental study on pedestrian classification and detection in far infrared FIR images. The study includes an in-depth evaluation of several combinations of features and classifiers, which include features previously used for daylight scenarios, as well as a new descriptor HOPE --Histograms of Oriented Phase Energy, specifically targeted to infrared images, and a new adaptation of a latent variable SVM approach to FIR images. The presented results are validated on a new classification and detection dataset of FIR images collected in outdoor environments from a moving vehicle. The classification space contains 16152 pedestrians and 65440 background samples evenly selected from several sequences acquired at different temperatures and different illumination conditions. The detection dataset consist on 15224 images with ground truth information. The authors are making this dataset public for benchmarking new detectors in the area of intelligent vehicles and field robotics applications.
Implications of Mass Customisation for Operations Management: An Exploratory Survey

This paper reports the results of a survey conducted to explore issues surrounding mass customization and in particular its implications for operations management. The findings cover the market changes driving customization, the methods used to provide customized goods, the positive and negative effects of customization, and the difficulties of implementation. There are shown to be important implications for operations management in a strategy of mass customization, and thus substantial scope for further research by operations management academics.
On the AC0 Complexity of Subgraph Isomorphism

Let P be a fixed graph (hereafter called a “pattern”), and let SUBGRAPH(P) denote the problem of deciding whether a given graph G contains a subgraph isomorphic to P. We are interested in AC0-complexity of this problem, determined by the smallest possible exponent C(P) for which SUBGRAPH(P) possesses bounded-depth circuits of size nC(P)+o(1). Motivated by the previous research in the area, we also consider its “colorful” version SUBGRAPHcol(P) in which the target graph G is V(P)colored, and the average-case version SUBGRAPHave(P) under the distribution G(n, n-θ(P)), where θ(P) is the threshold exponent of P. Defining Ccol(P) and Cave(P) analogously to C(P), our main contributions can be summarized as follows. (1) Ccol(P) coincides with the tree-width of the pattern P within a logarithmic factor. This shows that the previously known upper bound by Alon, Yuster, Zwick [3] is almost tight. (2) We give a characterization of Cave(P) in purely combinatorial terms within a multiplicative factor of 2. This shows that the lower bound technique of Rossman [21] is essentially tight, for any pattern P whatsoever. (3) We prove that if Q is a minor of P then SUBGRAPHcol(Q) is reducible to SUBGRAPHcol(P) via a linear-size monotone projection. At the same time, we show that there is no monotone projection whatsoever that reduces SUBGRAPH(M3) to SUBGRAPH(P3 + M2) (P3 is a path on 3 vertices, Mk is a matching with k edges, and “+” stands for the disjoint union). This result strongly suggests that the colorful version of the subgraph isomorphism problem is much better structured and well-behaved than the standard (worstcase, uncolored) one.