Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of victim gender, victim sexual orientation, victim response and respondent gender on judgements of blame in a hypothetical adolescent rape

Objectives. Few studies have examined the judgements made towards adolescent rape victims, and none have investigated attributions towards gay male or lesbian adolescents. The current study examined the effects victim gender, victim sexual orientation, victim response, and respondent gender, on attributions of blame in the depicted rape of a 15-year old adolescent. Methods. A total of 164 respondents read details of this assault before completing 15 attribution judgments. Results. Respondents were expected to attribute more blame to a victim who was male, gay, and who failed to resist the perpetrator. Male respondents were also expected to be more blaming of the victim than females. Overall these hypotheses were supported. Conclusion. Results are discussed in relation to the role gender stereotypes and homophobia play within attributions blame in sexual assault cases. Specifically, it seems male adolescent rape victims are subjected to the same negative stereotypes as male adult victims. Implications and ideas for future research are considered.
Left ventricular function during sepsis

The prevalence and prognostic significance of left ventricular involvement in septic patients without shock was investigated. Systolic time intervals (STI) and prejection period/left ventricular ejection time ratio (PEP/LVET) were used to assess left ventricular function. Forty-nine patients, 22 of whom ultimately died, were studied. The group as a whole showed abnormal PEP/LVET ratio (0.40 ± 0.02) that differed significantly (p < .01) from reported normal values (0.345 ± 0.002), demonstrating widespread left ventricular dysfunction in this population.In order to establish the prognostic significance of left ventricular impairment, the population was divided into two groups according to the PEP/LVET ratio. Group 1 (PEP/LVET <0.42) showed a mortality rate of 10/33 (30%), while group 2 (PEP/LVET >0.42) had a significantly greater mortality (12/16 [75%], p < .001). The test that has a sensitivity of 55%, a specificity of 85%, and a positive predictive value of 75% identifies a subset of septic patients with severe impairment of left ventricular function and high risk of dying. (Crit Care Med 1989; 17:323)
Knowledge Management approach for conservation of Earthen Architecture

The goal of the PRIN2005 “EAH conservation KM system” research project, funded by Italian Ministry of Research, is to establish an advanced integrated approach to conservation of Earthen Architecture Heritage (EAH) that support main design and planning of conservation actions, reducing the technical risk through suitable and compatible measures. Knowledge Management for supporting EAH conservation design process is the specific interest field of the Research Unit, from the trigger of diagnosis processes to the management of the construction site, by means of knowledge management tools. The conservation of the Earthen Architectural Heritage (EAH) is a challenging domain of competence resulting from the intersection of scientific, empirical and practical knowledge, either tacit either implicit. The relevance of the development of ontologies allowing a basic support for an heterogeneous community of practice is discussed. The research aims at developing an ontological perspective. A cooperative system of knowledge bases allows to support the workprocess that requires to recognize and to manage the inputs that are partial determined or undetermined (e.g. as external conditions, interdependence relations). The risk in a conservation program is expressed paradigmatically as a measure of the knowledge assets required to face the uncertainty in a project. The approach is expected to make advance in knowledge management field applying some specific concepts explicating and representing dynamic knowledge for action.
Human cognition and 1/f scaling.

Ubiquitous 1/f scaling in human cognition and physiology suggests a mind-body interaction that contradicts commonly held assumptions. The intrinsic dynamics of psychological phenomena are interaction dominant (rather than component dominant), and the origin of purposive behavior lies with a general principle of self-organization (rather than a special neurocognitive mechanism). E. -J. Wagenmakers, S. Farrell, and R. Ratcliff (2005) raised concerns about the kinds of data and analyses that support generic 1/f scaling. This reply is a defense that furthermore questions the model that Wagenmakers and colleagues endorse and their strategy for addressing complexity.
MULTIPLE DIRECT TRANSITIONS FROM SEXUAL REPRODUCTION TO APOMICTIC PARTHENOGENESIS IN Timema STICK INSECTS

Transitions from sexual reproduction to parthenogenesis may occur along multiple evolutionary pathways and involve various cytological mechanisms to produce diploid eggs. Here, we investigate routes to parthenogenesis in Timema stick insects, a genus comprising five obligate parthenogens. By combining information from microsatellites and karyotypes with a previously published mitochondrial phylogeny, we show that all five parthenogens likely evolved spontaneously from sexually reproducing species, and that the sexual ancestor of one of the five parthenogens was probably of hybrid origin. The complete maintenance of heterozygosity between generations in the five parthenogens strongly suggests that eggs are produced by apomixis. Virgin females of the sexual species were also able to produce parthenogenetic offspring, but these females produced eggs by automixis. High heterozygosity levels stemming from conserved ancestral alleles in the parthenogens suggest, however, that automixis has not generated the current parthenogenetic Timema lineages but that apomixis appeared abruptly in several sexual species. A direct transition from sexual reproduction to (at least functional) apomixis results in a relatively high level of allelic diversity and high efficiency for parthenogenesis. Because both of these traits should positively affect the demographic success of asexual lineages, spontaneous apomixis may have contributed to the origin and maintenance of asexuality in Timema.
Ca2+-sensitivity of actomyosin ATPase purified from Physarum polycephalum.

A contractile protein closely resembling natural actomyosin (myosin B) of rabbit skeletal muscle was extracted from plasmodia of the slime mold, Physarum polycephalum, by protecting the SH-groups with beta-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol. Superprecipitation of the protein induced by Mg2+-ATP at low ionic strength was observed only in the presence of very low concentrations of free Ca2+ ions, and the Mg2+-ATPase [EC 3.6. 1.3] reaction was activated 2- to 6-fold by 1 muM of free Ca2+ ions. Crude myosin and actin fractions were separated by centrifuging plasmodium myosin B in the presence of Mg2+-PPi at high ionic strength. The crude myosin showed both EDTA- and Ca2+-activated ATPase activities. The Mg2+-ATPase activity of crude myosin from plasmodia was markedly activated by the addition of pure F-actin from rabbit skeletal muscle. Addition of the F-action-regulatory protein complex prepared from rabbit skeletal muscle as well as the actin fraction of plasmodium caused the same degree of activation as the addition of pure F-actin only in the presence of very low concentrations of Ca2+ ion
Is Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Necessary in Patients Undergoing Prophylactic Mastectomy? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

The gain by performing sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) during prophylactic mastectomy (PM) is debatable, and we performed a meta‐analysis of existing literature to evaluate that the role of SLNB in subjects undergoing PM. A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Current Contents Connect, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science. The search identified 11 relevant articles reporting on patients who underwent SLNB at the time of PM. Data were abstracted from each study and used to calculate a pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). We included 14 studies comprising of 2,708 prophylactic mastectomies. Among 2,708 prophylactic mastectomies, the frequency of occult invasive cancer (51 cases) was 1.8% and the rate of positive SLNs (33 cases) was 1.2%. In 25 invasive cancers at the time of PM were found to have negative SLNs which avoided axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). In seven cases with positive SLNBs were found not to have invasive cancer at the time of PM and needed a subsequent ALND. Most of the patients with positive SLNs had locally advanced disease in the contralateral breast. SLNB may be suitable for patients with ipsilateral, locally advanced breast cancer and is not recommend for all patients undergoing PM.
Riding the Resource Roller Coaster: Understanding Socioeconomic Differences between Mining Communities*

Social science studies of mining communities suggest that the well-being of these company towns varies a great deal. Yet the literature has not thoroughly explained the sources of that variation, especially its potential relationship to the resource itself. In order to clarify our understanding of socioeconomic well-being, this paper likens the experience of being mining dependent to riding a roller coaster. While many mining areas experience volatile economic conditions, key characteristics and responses of the communities, companies, and resource alter the ride. To illustrate this concept, the paper examines employment trends in two metal-mining regions of the Midwest and finds that employment was more volatile in one area than the other. The reasons for the differences between the communities are explored. The paper concludes that paying greater attention to the context in which mining occurs and to the resource itself may help clarify the impacts of mining on local communities.
What's Scandinavian about Scandinavian sport?

This essay consists of a set of personal reflections and observations. It discusses the social significance of sport in Nordic counties and comments on the academic study of Nordic sport, noting differing emphases from one country to another, for example in relation to sport and national self recognition. More generally, however, the essay argues that there is evidence of a specifically Nordic and/or Scandinavian approach to sport, associated above all with social solidarity. Furthermore, even if Nordic sport is less distinctive today than it once was, it continues to offer salutary lessons about how to play and organize sport and, in particular, about how to maintain a balance between mass participation and elite performance.
Mitochondrial DNA variation among geographical populations of the screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax.

Levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence divergence among different geographic populations of the primary screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax , were compared. Six different lines originating from the United States, Mexico, or Jamaica were analyzed using 15 different restriction endonucleases. The fraction of fragments in common ( F ) between pairs ranged from 0.69 to 0.98 ($\bar F$ = 0.87), while the estimated nucleotide sequence divergence ( p ) ranged from 0.1 to 2.7% ($\bar p$ = 1.1%). The greatest differences observed were between the Jamaican line and the mainland lines ($\bar p$ = 2.5%).
The Lost City: Discovering the Forgotten Virtues of Community in the Chicago of the 1950s

Millions of Americans yearn for a lost sense of community, for the days when neighbors looked out for one another and families were stable and secure. Ehrenhalt cuts through the fog of nostalgia and immerses readers in the actual sights, sounds and rhythms of life 40 years ago in three different neighborhoods.
Once upon a type

Anumber of useful optimisations are enabled if wecan determine when a value is accessed at most once. We extend the Hindley-Milner type system with uses, yielding a typeinference based program analysis which determines when values are accessed at most once. Our analysis can handle higher-order functions and data structures, and admits principal types for terms. Unlike previous analyses, we prove our analysis sound with respect to call-by-need reduction. Call-by-name reduction does notprovide inaccurate model ofhowoften a value is used during lazy evaluation, since it duplicates work which would actually be shared in a real implementation. Ourtype system caneasily remodified toanalyse usage in a call-by-value language.
Entwurf einer kollaborativen Augmented-Reality-Anwendung für industrielles Training (Designing a Vision-based Collaborative Augmented Reality Application for Industrial Training)

Zusammenfassung Augmented Reality (AR) stellt eine Variante der Virtuellen Realität dar. Mit AR-Techniken und innovativen Ausgabegeräten werden Benutzer in die Lage versetzt, rechnergenerierte virtuelle Objekte als eine Überlagerung der realen Umgebung wahrzunehmen. Die Benutzer solcher Systeme können mit der wahrgenommenen virtuellen Welt in Interaktion treten und mit zusätzlichen Informationen versorgt werden, wie etwa mit der textuellen Beschreibung physischer Objekte oder Anweisungen für durchzuführende Aufgaben in Form von Annotationen, Sprachinstruktionen, Bildern oder sogar 3D-Modellen. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird eine auf AR-Techniken beruhendes prototypisches System für das kollaborative Teletraining im industriellen Umfeld beschrieben. Durch die Anwendung verteilter AR-Techniken können auch Benutzer an entfernten Standorten das vom lokalen Benutzer Wahrgenommene sehen und so die gestellte Trainingsaufgabe kooperativ lösen. Die Benutzer können interaktiv virtuelle Objekte, die einen Ersatz für reale Objekte darstellen, manipulieren, mit ihnen experimentieren und die Trainingsaufgabe gemeinsam diskutieren. Es wird eine neue Technik für die Identifikation realer Objekte und die Bestimmung ihrer Koordinatensysteme vorgestellt. Die vorgeschlagene Methode nutzt sogenannte "Binary Square Marker", die angebracht an realen Objekten die technische Voraussetzung für die Identifikation einer großen Anzahl realer Objekte mittels Techniken der Bilderkennung darstellen.
The rise and fall of the MTL: an example of European policy borrowing

The success of Finland in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) highlights the quality of Finnish teacher education underpinning its consistently high performance in the survey. In 2010 the UK government initiated a masters in teaching and learning (MTL) in order to raise the education level of teachers, following Finland’s teacher education model. Educationists both past and present, however, warn against ‘quick fix’ political solutions and of the consequences of ‘uncritical policy transfer’. For an educational policy to be effectively borrowed, it must travel through different stages. In this article we argue that the MTL has been implemented in the hope of quick solutions to long-term difficulties; we also maintain that the MTL has applied distinctly English factors into the Finnish model and was achieving informed policy transfer. Nevertheless, the rapid introduction and withdrawal of the programme has not allowed for the MTL to reach complete policy borrowing.
Thiazolidinediones Inhibit Mouse Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cell Proliferation in Part Through the Wnt Signaling Pathway

Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and Wnt play different roles in bone homeostasis. Thiazolidinediones are PPARγ agonists that cause bone mineral density loss. This study investigated the relationship between PPARγ and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with either pioglitazone (Pio) or rosiglitazone (Rosi), thiazolidinediones, for 24 hours at 10 to 40-μM concentrations. Recombinant mouse Wnt3a protein (50 ng/mL) for 6 hours was also used to treat the 20-μM Pio and Rosi pretreated cells. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT, and apoptosis with flow cytometry using annexin V/propidium iodide staining; reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction measured mRNA expression levels of LRP5/6 (low-density lipoprotein–related protein 5/6), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7–like 2), PPARγ, and cyclin D1, and Western blots detected β-catenin and p-GSK3β proteins. Results Pioglitazone and Rosi decreased MC3T3-E1 cell viability by 28.07% and 18.14% at 20 μM, respectively (P < 0.05). Apoptosis increased compared with controls (7.21%), after 20-μM treatment with Pio or Rosi, to 10.45% and 12.10%, respectively (P < 0.05). Both Pio and Rosi decreased β-catenin protein levels and increased p-GSK3β, but the LRP5/6, GSK3β, and TCF7L2 mRNA levels were constant. Upon activation of the Wnt pathway by mouse Wnt3a protein, β-catenin and p-GSK3β protein levels were reversed, accompanied with increased proliferation, but apoptosis remained high. Conclusions Activation of PPARγ in osteoblasts accompanied Wnt signaling suppression. Activation of Wnt signaling alleviated the PPARγ proliferation decreases but not the apoptosis increases. The thiazolidinedione PPARγ agonists act in part through inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway, showing there is a relationship between PPARγ and Wnt signaling.
Design characteristics of the induction motor used for hybrid electric vehicle

Design characteristics of the induction motor used for HEV (hybrid electric vehicle) are discussed. Equivalent circuits corresponding to the starting, operating performance and harmonics are given. The selecting rules of the starting voltage and frequency are got. The relations between the iron core and copper loss vs. frequency are analyzed and compared. The influence of harmonics on the induction motor is analyzed. The design principles of the induction motor used for HEV are given considering the impacts of the starting, operating performance and harmonics.
NMNAT2:HSP90 Complex Mediates Proteostasis in Proteinopathies

Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase 2 (NMNAT2) is neuroprotective in numerous preclinical models of neurodegeneration. Here, we show that brain nmnat2 mRNA levels correlate positively with global cognitive function and negatively with AD pathology. In AD brains, NMNAT2 mRNA and protein levels are reduced. NMNAT2 shifts its solubility and colocalizes with aggregated Tau in AD brains, similar to chaperones, which aid in the clearance or refolding of misfolded proteins. Investigating the mechanism of this observation, we discover a novel chaperone function of NMNAT2, independent from its enzymatic activity. NMNAT2 complexes with heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) to refold aggregated protein substrates. NMNAT2’s refoldase activity requires a unique C-terminal ATP site, activated in the presence of HSP90. Furthermore, deleting NMNAT2 function increases the vulnerability of cortical neurons to proteotoxic stress and excitotoxicity. Interestingly, NMNAT2 acts as a chaperone to reduce proteotoxic stress, while its enzymatic activity protects neurons from excitotoxicity. Taken together, our data indicate that NMNAT2 exerts its chaperone or enzymatic function in a context-dependent manner to maintain neuronal health.
A Brief Note on Research Support for the Risking Connection ® Approach

Mental health practitioners who use the Risking Connection (RC) model find it to be an extremely effective treatment, helping clients to feel more in control of their lives, less symptomatic, more self-aware, and more engaged with life. Workers, too, report feeling more hopeful, helpful, and better equipped to do their jobs using the approach outlined in RC. Risking Connection is grounded in constructivist self-development theory, a clinical theory that provides a framework for understanding and treating trauma survivors (McCann & Pearlman, 1990; Pearlman & Saakvitne, 1995). The staff of the Traumatic Stress Institute/Center for Adult & Adolescent Psychotherapy LLC has treated hundreds of trauma survivors over the past 14 years using the Risking Connection approach. On the basis of both CSDT and our clinical experience, we believe that adoption of the RC approach will lead to better client outcomes as well as overall higher staff morale and less turnover. We are currently in the beginning stages of conducting outcome research that will test our predictions about the effects of using RC with both staff and patients. In the meantime, it is important to note that many of the basic concepts that RC draws upon (the role of the therapeutic relationship, psychoeducation, empowerment, meaningmaking, and the effects of the work on the worker) have theoretical and empirical support. Risking Connection is based on the premise that the therapeutic relationship is the foundation for psychological growth and change. This concept is drawn from a considerable body of literature, which theorizes that the quality of the therapeutic relationship is paramount to successful treatment (Messer, 1988; Chessick, 1993). Empirical findings support this theory. Research has demonstrated that although the concept of the therapeutic alliance has its roots in the psychoanalytic literature, it is an essential component of all types of therapy. A meta-analysis of 24 different research studies conducted on the therapeutic alliance found that the client’s perception of the quality of the alliance was the best predictor of success in treatment, independent of the type of therapy (Horvath & Symonds, 1991). Interestingly, the client’s perception of the alliance was a better predictor of success than the therapist’s perception of the alliance, providing support for another aspect of the RC approach—the importance of identifying and working from the client’s perspective on his/her problems, goals, and treatment. RC speaks to the particular challenge of maintaining safe and trusting alliances with individuals who have been repeatedly hurt within the context of significant relationships. While others have suggested that facilitating a safe and trusting therapeutic environment is necessary in all therapies (Foreman et al., 1985), it is particularly relevant with survivors of trauma for whom themes of safety and trust typically emerge in the
Protective Effects of IL-6 Blockade in Sepsis Are Linked to Reduced C5a Receptor Expression1

IL-6 is known to be an important pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine, which is up-regulated during sepsis. Our previous work has suggested a role for IL-6 in the up-regulation of C5aR in sepsis. We reported earlier that interception of C5a or C5aR results in improved outcomes in experimental sepsis. Using the cecal ligation/puncture (CLP) model in mice, we now demonstrate that treatment with anti-IL-6 Ab (anti-IL-6) results in significantly improved survival, dependent on the amount of Ab infused. CLP animals showed significantly increased binding of 125I-labeled anti-C5aR to organs when compared to either control mice at 0 h or CLP animals infused with normal rabbit 125I-labeled IgG. Binding of 125I-labeled anti-C5aR to lung, liver, kidney, and heart was significantly decreased in anti-IL-6-treated animals 6 h after CLP. RT-PCR experiments with mRNA isolated from various organs obtained 3, 6, and 12 h after CLP demonstrated increased C5aR mRNA expression during the onset of sepsis, which was greatly suppressed in CLP mice treated with anti-IL-6. These data suggest that IL-6 plays an important role in the increased expression of C5aR in lung, liver, kidney, and heart during the development of sepsis in mice and that interception of IL-6 leads to reduced expression of C5aR and improved survival.