Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experiments in spoken queries for document retrieval

We report the results of three experiments using the errorful output of a large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) system as the input to a statistical information retrieval (IR) system. Our goal is to allow a user to speak, rather than type, query terms into an IR engine and still obtain relevant documents. The purpose of these experiments is to test whether IR systems are robust to errors in the query terms introduced by the speech recognizer. If the correctly recognized words in the search query outweigh the misinformation from the incorrectly recognized words, the relevant documents will still be retrieved. This paper presents evidence that speech-driven IR can be effective, although with a reduced precision. We also find that longer spoken queries produce higher precision retrieval than shorter queries. For queries containing many (50-60) search terms and a recognizer word error rate (WER) of 27.9%, the precision at 30 documents retrieved is degraded by only 11.1%. For roughly the same WER, however, we find that queries shorter than 10-15 words suffer more than a 30% loss of precision.
Toward more realistic drug^target interaction predictions

A number of supervised machine learning models have recently been introduced for the prediction of drug^target interactions based on chemical structure and genomic sequence information. Although these models could offer improved means for many network pharmacology applications, such as repositioning of drugs for new therapeutic uses, the prediction models are often being constructed and evaluated under overly simplified settings that do not reflect the real-life problem in practical applications. Using quantitative drug^target bioactivity assays for kinase inhibitors, as well as a popular benchmarking data set of binary drug^target interactions for enzyme, ion channel, nuclear receptor and G protein-coupled receptor targets, we illustrate here the effects of four factors that may lead to dramatic differences in the prediction results: (i) problem formulation (standard binary classification or more realistic regression formulation), (ii) evaluation data set (drug and target families in the application use case), (iii) evaluation procedure (simple or nested cross-validation) and (iv) experimental setting (whether training and test sets share common drugs and targets, only drugs or targets or neither). Each of these factors should be taken into consideration to avoid reporting overoptimistic drug^target interaction prediction results. We also suggest guidelines on how to make the supervised drug^target interaction prediction studies more realistic in terms of such model formulations and evaluation setups that better address the inherent complexity of the prediction task in the practical applications, as well as novel benchmarking data sets that capture the continuous nature of the drug^target interactions for kinase inhibitors.
Analysis of the influence of ADC performance on radar system

In the process of realizing software-based radar, digital-to-analog converter plays an important role. It is the only bridge connecting analog world and digital world. It is a vital step of radar signal entering digital processing. Therefore, the performance of ADC will have a direct impact on radar signal processing, the process of detection and estimation, and play an important role in software radar implementation. This paper analyzes and evaluates the effect of the speed and accuracy of the digital-to-analog converter on the subsequent radar signal processing. Data simulation using MATLAB software to simulate ADC sampling, quantization process in a series of performance indicators, Focusing on the analysis of the impact of digital-to-analog conversion in the process of quantization noise and clock jitter on radar systems, including the impact on the signal to noise ratio, the impact of the range of the power of radar. Finally, the correctness of the theory is verified by simulation analysis.
Complication of a polyalkylimide implant in a patient with facial trauma.

Filler materials have been used for contouring fine lines and wrinkles caused by aging, as well as to improve scars and congenital defects. A filler must be versatile in its usage, have a low possibility of adverse effects, and have a low potential for abuse. One of the main limitations of filler materials is the volume that can be injected, because there are diseases like facial lipoatrophy and congenital defects that require large amounts to repair them.
Syntaxin I modulation of presynaptic calcium channel inactivation revealed by botulinum toxin C1

The chick ciliary ganglion calyx‐type nerve terminal was used to examine voltage‐sensitive inactivation of presynaptic N‐type Ca2+ channels and to test if this inactivation is modulated by the transmitter release‐associated protein syntaxin I. We tested the role of this protein with botulinum toxin C1 (BtC1) which cleaves syntaxin I close to its membrane anchor. The presynaptic Ca2+ current inactivated as two distinct populations with ∼75% inactivating at a depolarized potential, V1/2∼−15 mV, with the remainder inactivating at ∼−75 mV. BtC1 had no detectable effect on the latter component but resulted in a ∼7 mV positive shift in the V1/2 of the −15 mV inactivating component. These results confirm that the bulk of presynaptic N‐type Ca2+ channels are in general resistant to voltage dependent inactivation and provide the first direct evidence that the physiological properties of presynaptic nerve terminal Ca2+ channels are subject to modulation by release site‐associated proteins.
Immunolocalization of Full-length NK1 Tachykinin Receptors in Human Tumors

Biological effects of substance P (SP) are mediated by the neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor that exists as a full-length and as a carboxy-terminally truncated isoform in humans. Although NK1 receptor mRNA and binding sites have been detected in certain malignancies, little is known about the cellular and subcellular localization of NK1 receptor protein in human neoplastic tissues. We developed and characterized a novel anti-peptide antibody to the carboxy-terminal region of the human full-length NK1 receptor. Specificity of the anti-serum was demonstrated by (1) detection of a broad band migrating at molecular mass 70,000-90,000 Da in Western blots of membranes from NK1-expressing tissues; (2) cell-surface staining of NK1-transfected cells; (3) translocation of NK1 receptor immunostaining after SP exposure; and (4) abolition of tissue immunostaining by preadsorption of the antibody with its immunizing peptide. Distribution of NK1 receptors was investigated in 72 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tumors showing that NK1 receptors were frequently expressed in glioblastomas and breast and pancreatic carcinomas. Immunoreactive NK1 receptors were clearly confined to the plasma membrane and uniformly present on nearly all tumor cells. Development of this novel NK1 receptor antibody allows the efficient localization of NK1 receptor protein in human formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. NK1 receptor visualization with this simple and rapid immunohistochemical method will facilitate identification of tumors with a sufficient receptor overexpression for diagnostic or therapeutic intervention using SP analogs.
Does Doing Media Violence Research Make One Aggressive

We thank Bushman and Huesmann (2013), Krah (2013), and Warburton (2013) for taking the time to comment on our review of digital game violence research. This is obviously a field where considerable controversy continues to exist and an opportunity for cordial debate could help resolve differences in the field. The current crop of comments run the gamut from keeping to reasonable points of disagreement (Warburton), to relying on sometimes snide comments (‘‘The art of omission,’’ Krah ), to the comment by Bushman and Huesmann which makes use of ad hominem attacks. They also tend to restate old arguments that have been discredited either in our review or other past reviews (e.g., Adachi & Willoughby, 2011; Hall, Day, & Hall, 2011a, 2011b). Some of these statements confirm our initial concerns that the debate on violent media effects has shifted from science to ideology. In the following, we examine some of the statements by our colleagues that we find to be problematic or misleading.
Joining Forces: Integrating Proteomics and Cross-linking with the Mass Spectrometry of Intact Complexes*

Protein assemblies are critical for cellular function and understanding their physical organization is the key aim of structural biology. However, applying conventional structural biology approaches is challenging for transient, dynamic, or polydisperse assemblies. There is therefore a growing demand for hybrid technologies that are able to complement classical structural biology methods and thereby broaden our arsenal for the study of these important complexes. Exciting new developments in the field of mass spectrometry and proteomics have added a new dimension to the study of protein-protein interactions and protein complex architecture. In this review, we focus on how complementary mass spectrometry-based techniques can greatly facilitate structural understanding of protein assemblies.
Notch in the kidney: development and disease

Notch signalling is a highly conserved cell–cell communication mechanism that regulates development, tissue homeostasis, and repair. Within the kidney, Notch has an important function in orchestrating kidney development. Recent studies indicate that Notch plays a key role in establishing proximal epithelial fate during nephron segmentation as well as the differentiation of principal cells in the renal collecting system. Notch signalling is markedly reduced in the adult kidney; however, increased Notch signalling has been noted in both acute and chronic kidney injury. Increased glomerular epithelial Notch signalling has been associated with albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, while tubular epithelial Notch activation caused fibrosis development most likely inducing an improper epithelial repair pathway. Recent studies thereby indicate that Notch is a key regulator of kidney development, repair, and injury. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accurate Parsing with Compact Tree-Substitution Grammars: Double-DOP

We present a novel approach to Data-Oriented Parsing (DOP). Like other DOP models, our parser utilizes syntactic fragments of arbitrary size from a treebank to analyze new sentences, but, crucially, it uses only those which are encountered at least twice. This criterion allows us to work with a relatively small but representative set of fragments, which can be employed as the symbolic backbone of several probabilistic generative models. For parsing we define a transform-backtransform approach that allows us to use standard PCFG technology, making our results easily replicable. According to standard Parseval metrics, our best model is on par with many state-of-the-art parsers, while offering some complementary benefits: a simple generative probability model, and an explicit representation of the larger units of grammar.
Role for Cysteine Protease Cathepsins in Heart Disease: Focus on Biology and Mechanisms With Clinical Implication

The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the heart is composed largely of elastin and collagen and plays many roles in cardiac wall and valve homeostasis. Maintenance of a healthy cardiac system relies on controlled biosynthesis, maturation, function, and breakdown of ECM proteins. Dysregulation of proteolytic enzymes may disrupt these normal biological processes in myocardium-coronary-valve disease (CCVD). Substantial evidence supports the involvement of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and serine protease families in this process (reviewed elsewhere1,2). Cysteinyl proteases have received much less consideration in this regard, even though cardiovascular cells and macrophages with greatly expanded lysosomal compartments figure prominently in the pathogenesis of CCVD. Lysosomal cysteine proteases, generally known as cathepsins, were discovered in the second half of the 20th century. In the initial years after their discovery, cysteinyl cathepsins were shown to localize in lysosomes and endosomes and to function there to degrade unwanted intracellular or endocytosed proteins.3–5 However, the recent recognition of the inducible cathepsins F, K, S, B, and L led to the unraveling of their molecular functions in inflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases such as atherosclerosis,6–11 obesity,12–14 rheumatoid arthritis,15,16 cardiac repair,17 cardiomyopathy,18–20 and cancer.21 Most strikingly, we have now discovered that these cathepsins can be secreted into and function within the extracellular spaces. The observations of cathepsin expression and activity in failing cardiac tissues22–24 and valve tissues25–27 from humans and animals and in cultured media of cardiomyocytes,22,24 cardiac fibroblasts,22 vascular smooth muscle cells,28 endothelial cells,12 and macrophages6,10 have significantly broadened our understanding of their potential roles in cardiovascular pathogenesis. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that pharmacological cathepsin inhibition exhibits cardiovascular protective actions in animal models. …
Parametric geons: a discrete set of shapes with parameterized attributes

We propose parametric geons as a volumetric description of object components for qualitative object recognition. Parametric geons are seven qualitative shape types defined by parameterized equations which control the size and degree of tapering and bending. The models provide global shape constraints which make model recovery procedures robust against noise and minor variations in object shape. The surface characteristics of parametric geons are discussed. The properties of parametric geons and conventional geon models are compared. Experiments fitting parametric geons to multiview data using stochastic optimization were performed. Results show that unique descriptions of single-part objects with minor shape variations can be obtained with the parametric geon models.
Oral disease and social class in a random sample of five-year-old preschool children in a Brazilian city.

PURPOSE The objective of the present study was to determine the association between oral disease, access to dental care and social class in a random sample of five-year-old preschool children in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 551 five-year-old children who were randomly selected from preschools. Oral health status was assessed using the decayed, missing or filled teeth (dmft) index as well as the presence of visible plaque, gingivitis and supragingival calculus. Oral examinations were performed by two examiners (j > 0.80). The clinical outcome variables were dental caries, filled and missing teeth, dental pulp exposure due to caries, dental root fragment, visible plaque, gingivitis and supragingival calculus. Social class was assessed using the City Hall database. RESULTS Children without caries represented 63.9% of the sample. Mean overall dmft was calculated to be 1.56, and the decayed teeth component was the highest in all of the social classes. Missing teeth, caries with pulp involvement and dental root fragment had higher proportions and the filled teeth component had the lowest proportion in children from the lowest social class. Visible dental plaque was present in 45.4% of the children. Except for the filled teeth component, all of the clinical outcome variables had a significant association with social class status (P < 0.001), regardless of child's gender. CONCLUSIONS Oral disease in the primary dentition and access to dental treatment are affected by social and cultural factors.
Stuart Gatehouse: The International Perspective

The international contributions of Stuart Gatehouse are reviewed in three areas: as a scientist, as an advisor to health policy makers, and as a participant in international conferences. He was able, as no other auditory scientist of his time, to bridge the gap between scientific and clinical research. His ability to apply sound scientific principles to issues of clinical importance was most apparent in his work in three main areas of his research: acclimatization to amplified speech, auditory disability and hearing aid benefit, and candidature for linear and nonlinear signal processing.
A Study on the Flow Factors According to On-line Game Fatigue System

In addition to the quantitative growth of the games industry as a game addiction and social problems have also been increased. Addiction adoption of the resolution was presented to the fatigue system. In this study, flow and addiction affects 6 factors(self-control, positive expectations, interest, competition, positive self-efficacy, negative self-efficacy), depending on whether the adoption lag Flow to affect in any empirical analysis. This fatigue system effect on the game development and to enhance users' flow to do what strategies for theoretical and practical implications are to provide.
Automated Building of OAI Compliant Repository from Legacy Collection

In this paper, we report on our experience with the creation of an automated, human-assisted process to extract metadata from documents in a large (>100,000), dynamically growing collection. Such a collection may be expected to be heterogeneous, both statically heterogeneous (containing documents in a variety of formats) and dynamically heterogeneous (likely to acquire new documents in formats unlike any prior acquisitions). Eventually, we hope to be able to totally automate metadata extraction for 80% of the documents and reduce the time needed to generate the metadata for the remaining documents also by 80%. In this paper, we describe our process of first classifying documents into equivalence classes for which we can then use a rule-based approach to extract metadata. Our rule-based approach differs from others in as far as it separates the rule-interpreting engine from a template of rules. The templates vary among classes but the engine is the same. We have evaluated our approach on a test bed of 7413 randomly selected documents from the DTIC (Defense Technical Information Center) collection with encouraging results. Finally, we describe how we can use this process to generate an OAI (Open Archive Initiatives) ‐ compliant digital library from a stream of incoming documents.
1 Outsiders , Interlopers , and Employee-Identified Avatars

In this paper, we investigate the notions of belonging and community in 3D virtual worlds, and identify the ways in which “belonging” and “not belonging” are constructed and perceived, especially in relation to so-called employee avatars (i.e., avatars that are representative of those who appear in their capacity of corporate employees). We explore the dimension of stigma and discuss the utility of the separate categories of outsiders and interlopers for inhabitant characterization. Our motivation for doing so is to determine the degree to which corporate presence can be mediated through the specific mechanism of employee avatar appearance. Keywords--Avatar, Second Life, interloper effect, virtual reality experiences
NbO2-based low power and cost effective 1S1R switching for high density cross point ReRAM Application

In this paper, 5Xnm cross point cell array for the low power ReRAM operation was developed with 1S1R cell structure. Through the optimization of both TiOx/TaOx based-1R and NbO2 based-1S stacks with TiN based-electrode, the world's first and best bipolar switching characteristics with the lowest operation current (20~50uA) and sneak current (~1uA) level were acquired.
Feature Compensation Combining SNR‐Dependent Feature Reconstruction and Class Histogram Equalization

In this letter, we propose a new histogram equalization technique for feature compensation in speech recognition under noisy environments. The proposed approach combines a signal‐to‐noise‐ratio–dependent feature reconstruction method and the class histogram equalization technique to effectively reduce the acoustic mismatch present in noisy speech features. Experimental results from the Aurora 2 task confirm the superiority of the proposed approach for acoustic feature compensation.
Soluble L-selectin at levels present in septic patients diminishes leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in mice in vivo: A mechanism for decreased leukocyte delivery to remote sites in sepsis

ObjectiveRecent in vivo studies of both septic humans and animals demonstrate that leukocyte delivery is attenuated to sites remote from the primary infection. The mechanisms for this are not entirely clear. L-selectin is integral to rolling, the first step in leukocyte recruitment to an inflammatory site. L-selectin is shed from leukocytes in sepsis, resulting in increased levels of soluble L-selectin in plasma (2.33 &mgr;g/mL). This study investigates the effects of soluble L-selectin at levels found in sepsis on leukocyte trafficking in vivo. DesignProspective, controlled trial. SettingSurgical research laboratory in a university hospital. SubjectsSwiss white male mice of 25–35 g. InterventionsMice were randomized to one of three study groups: soluble L-selectin 2.33, soluble L-selectin 8.0, or albumin. Intravital microscopy was performed on postcapillary venules of 20–40 &mgr;m in diameter in the cremaster muscle of mice. Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions (rolling, adherence, and rolling velocity) were measured pre- and post- (1, 15, 30, and 45 mins) intravenous infusion of human recombinant soluble L-selectin (2.33 and 8.0 &mgr;g/mL) or human albumin (8.0 &mgr;g/mL). Measurements and Main Results The intravenous administration of soluble L-selectin to a systemic concentration of 2.33 &mgr;g/mL diminished rolling significantly. Soluble L-selectin at 8.0 &mgr;g/mL decreased rolling and increased rolling velocity to a greater degree. Injection of albumin did not alter leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions at any time point. No difference between groups in blood pressure, shear rate, or leukocyte counts was detected. ConclusionsSoluble L-selectin diminishes leukocyte rolling at levels present in sepsis (2.33 &mgr;g/mL). This effect is dose dependent, and could not be explained by differences in blood pressure, shear rate, or leukocyte counts. These findings identify increased soluble L-selectin levels as one of the mechanisms for decreased leukocyte delivery and exudation to remote sites in septic patients.
Reduction of Influenza Virus Titer and Protection against Influenza Virus Infection in Infant Mice Fed Lactobacillus casei Shirota

ABSTRACT We investigated whether oral administration of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota to neonatal and infant mice ameliorates influenza virus (IFV) infection in the upper respiratory tract and protects against influenza infection. In a model of upper respiratory IFV infection, the titer of virus in the nasal washings of infant mice administered L. casei Shirota (L. casei Shirota group) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that in infant mice administered saline (control group) (102.48 ± 100.31 and 102.78 ± 100.4, respectively). Further, the survival rate of the L. casei Shirota group was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the control group (14.3 versus 40.0%). One day after infection, pulmonary NK cell activity and interleukin-12 production by mediastinal lymph node cells of mice in the L. casei Shirota group were significantly greater than those of mice in the control group. These findings suggest that oral administration of L. casei Shirota activates the immature immune system of neonatal and infant mice and protects against IFV infection. Therefore, oral administration of L. casei Shirota may accelerate the innate immune response of the respiratory tract and protect against various respiratory infections in neonates, infants, and children, a high risk group for viral and bacterial infections.