Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Rhubarb Supplementation in Stages 3 and 4 of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Rhubarb supplementation in patients of chronic kidney disease. Material and Methods. This study was a prospective comparative study conducted in patients of chronic kidney disease (stages 3 & 4) attending Renal Clinic of Department of Medicine, JN Medical College & Hospital, AMU, Aligarh. Patients were randomly divided into two interventional groups. Group I (Control) was given conservative management while Group II (Rhubarb) received conservative management along with Rhubarb capsule (350 mg, thrice daily) for 12 weeks. Haemogram and renal function tests were measured at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment. Results. There was progressive improvement in clinical features in both the groups after 12 weeks of treatment but Rhubarb group showed more marked improvement as compared to control group. Both groups showed gradual improvement in the biochemical parameters as compared to their pretreated values which was more marked in Rhubarb supplemented group. There was reduction in blood glucose, blood urea, serum creatinine, and 24 hour total urine protein (TUP). There was increase in haemoglobin, 24 hour total urine volume (TUV), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). There was no statistical difference in two groups with respect to side effects (P > 0.05). Conclusion. Rhubarb supplementation improved the therapeutic effect of conservative management in stage 3 and stage 4 patients of chronic kidney disease.
Functional morphology

This paper presents a methodology for implementing natural language morphology in the functional language Haskell. The main idea behind is simple: instead of working with untyped regular expressions, which is the state of the art of morphology in computational linguistics, we use finite functions over hereditarily finite algebraic datatypes. The definitions of these datatypes and functions are the language-dependent part of the morphology. The language-independent part consists of an untyped dictionary format which is used for synthesis of word forms, and a decorated trie, which is used for analysis.Functional Morphology builds on ideas introduced by Huet in his computational linguistics toolkit Zen, which he has used to implement the morphology of Sanskrit. The goal has been to make it easy for linguists, who are not trained as functional programmers, to apply the ideas to new languages. As a proof of the productivity of the method, morphologies for Swedish, Italian, Russian, Spanish, and Latin have already been implemented using the library. The Latin morphology is used as a running example in this article.
Quantitative Analysis of Norepinephrine Transporter in the Human Brain Using PET with (S,S)-18F-FMeNER-D2

(S,S)-18F-FMeNER-D2 was recently developed as a radioligand for the measurement of norepinephrine transporter imaging with PET. In this study, a norepinephrine transporter was visualized in the human brain using this radioligand with PET and quantified by several methods. Methods: PET scans were performed on 10 healthy men after intravenous injection of (S,S)-18F-FMeNER-D2. Binding potential relative to nondisplaceable binding (BPND) was quantified by the indirect kinetic, simplified reference-tissue model (SRTM), multilinear reference-tissue model (MRTM), and ratio methods. The indirect kinetic method was used as the gold standard and was compared with the SRTM method with scan times of 240 and 180 min, the MRTM method with a scan time of 240 min, and the ratio method with a time integration interval of 120–180 min. The caudate was used as reference brain region. Results: Regional radioactivity was highest in the thalamus and lowest in the caudate during PET scanning. BPND values by the indirect kinetic method were 0.54 ± 0.19 and 0.35 ± 0.25 in the thalamus and locus coeruleus, respectively. BPND values found by the SRTM, MRTM, and ratio methods agreed with the values demonstrated by the indirect kinetic method (r = 0.81–0.92). Conclusion: The regional distribution of (S,S)-18F-FMeNER-D2 in our study agreed with that demonstrated by previous PET and postmortem studies of norepinephrine transporter in the human brain. The ratio method with a time integration interval of 120–180 min will be useful for clinical research of psychiatric disorders for estimation of norepinephrine transporter occupancy by antidepressants without requiring arterial blood sampling and dynamic PET.
The Particulate Air Pollution Controversy

Scientists, regulators, legislators, and segments of industry and the lay public are attempting to understand and respond to epidemiology findings of associations between measures of modern particulate air pollutants (PM) and adverse health outcomes in urban dwellers. The associations have been interpreted to imply that tens of thousands of Americans are killed annually by small daily increments in PM. These epidemiology studies and their interpretations have been challenged, although it is accepted that high concentrations of air pollutants have claimed many lives in the past. Although reproducible and statistically significant, the relative risks associated with modern PM are very small and confounded by many factors. Neither toxicology studies nor human clinical investigations have identified the components and/or characteristics of PM that might be causing the health-effect associations. Currently, a massive worldwide research effort is under way in an attempt to identify whom might be harmed and by what substances and mechanisms. Finding the answers is important, because control measures have the potential not only to be costly but also to limit the availability of goods and services that are important to public health.
THE EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA AND SURGERY ON CYP3A ACTIVITY IN RATS

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of surgery and anesthesia on in vivo CYP3A activity and portal venous blood flow. Midazolam, a CYP3A probe for both rats and humans, was administered orally (2.7 mg), intravenously (0.57 mg), or via the portal vein (0.57 mg) to rats 4 h after anesthesia with ketamine/xylazine and surgery for placement of indwelling vascular and duodenal catheters and 3 days after surgery (chronic). The systemic clearance of midazolam was 51 ± 4 ml/min/kg in the chronic animals, and this was significantly decreased (29 ± 1 ml/min/kg, P = 0.024) in acute rats studied 4 to 6 h after anesthesia and surgery. The hepatic availability (FH), directly determined from the aortic and hepatic venous concentration gradient, was significantly higher in the acute animals (0.57 ± 0.05) compared with the chronic animals (0.33 ± 0.07, P = 0.001). Hepatic availability was determined using a classical approach in which FH was calculated from the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve ratio after portal venous or intravenous administration. FH was higher in the acute rats (0.48) compared with the chronic animals (0.27 ± 0.03). Portal venous blood flow was significantly lower in the acute animals (5.0 ± 0.4 ml/min/100 g body weight) compared with the chronic animals (9.1 ± 0.9 ml/min/100 g body weight, P = 0.015). The effect of surgery and anesthesia was confirmed using the indicator dye dilution method after infusion of [14C]polyethylene glycol 4000 into the superior mesenteric artery. Our data suggest that anesthesia and surgery decreases both hepatic CYP3A activity and hepatic blood flow in rats. Studies performed in rats within 3 days of surgery and anesthesia are conducted under nonphysiologic conditions and therefore provide inaccurate assessment of drug disposition, in particular, clearance and bioavailability.
Structure-Activity Relationships of the Bioactive Thiazinoquinone Marine Natural Products Thiaplidiaquinones A and B

In an effort to more accurately define the mechanism of cell death and to establish structure-activity relationship requirements for the marine meroterpenoid alkaloids thiaplidiaquinones A and B, we have evaluated not only the natural products but also dioxothiazine regioisomers and two precursor quinones in a range of bioassays. While the natural products were found to be weak inducers of ROS in Jurkat cells, the dioxothiazine regioisomer of thiaplidiaquinone A and a synthetic precursor to thiaplidiaquinone B were found to be moderately potent inducers. Intriguingly, and in contrast to previous reports, the mechanism of Jurkat cell death (necrosis vs. apoptosis) was found to be dependent upon the positioning of one of the geranyl sidechains in the compounds with thiaplidiaquinone A and its dioxothiazine regioisomer causing death dominantly by necrosis, while thiaplidiaquinone B and its dioxothiazine isomer caused cell death via apoptosis. The dioxothiazine regioisomer of thiaplidiaquinone A exhibited more potent in vitro antiproliferative activity against human tumor cells, with NCI sub-panel selectivity towards melanoma cell lines. The non-natural dioxothiazine regioisomers were also more active in antiplasmodial and anti-farnesyltransferase assays than their natural product counterparts. The results highlight the important role that natural product total synthesis can play in not only helping understand the structural basis of biological activity of natural products, but also the discovery of new bioactive scaffolds.
Polyp and endoscopist-related factors influencing complication rates in difficult colonic polypectomies: results of a multicenter observational study.

BACKGROUND Current polypectomy practices are highly variable. Endoscopists report increased size, nonpolypoid lesion type and unfavorable position as characteristic of difficult polypectomies. We studied reported difficult colonic polypectomies to determine polyp-related and operator-dependent factors influencing complication rates. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted an international multicenter observational prospective study of difficult colonic polypectomies. Endoscopists reported difficult cases of colonic polypectomies, techniques and complication rates. Per-polyp and per-endoscopist analyses were performed. RESULTS Ninety procedures were reported at 4 participating centers by 19 endoscopists. 43% of the lesions were pedunculated, 39% were sessile and 18% were flat. Lesion size ranged between 5-60 mm. Bleeding occurred in 18 out of 90 procedures (17 immediate, 1 delayed); no perforations were reported. Bleeding rate was independent of patient age or sex, polyp type, size and histology or resection method. Procedures were deemed difficult due to polyp size (37/90), unfavorable position (23/90), bleeding risk (12/90), lesion type (12/90) or other reasons (6/90) with no statistically significant difference between expert and beginner endoscopists (p = 0.14). CONCLUSION Difficult colonic polypectomies are unpredictable with a complication rate independent of polyp type or size. There was no difference between experts and beginners with regard to technical aspects of resection or complication rates.
Antibiogram of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa after Biofield Treatment

In recent years, prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) has been noticed with high morbidity and mortality. Aim of the present study was to determine the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on MDR clinical lab isolates (LS) of P. aeruginosa. Five MDR clinical lab isolates (LS 22, LS 23, LS 38, LS 47, and LS 58) of P. aeruginosa were taken and divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated. Control and treated group were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical study and biotype number using MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The analysis was done on day 10 after biofield treatment as compared with control group. Antimicrobial sensitivity assay showed 60% alteration in sensitivity of tested antimicrobials in MDR isolates of P. aeruginosa after biofield treatment. MIC results showed an alteration in 42.85% tested antimicrobials out of twenty eight after biofield treatment in five isolates of MDR P. aeruginosa. Biochemical study showed a 48.48% change in tested biochemical reactions out of thirty three as compared to control. A significant change in biotype numbers was reported in three clinical lab isolates of MDR P. aeruginosa out of five, after biofield treatment as compared to respective control. On the basis of changed biotype number (7302 0052) in biofield treated LS 23, new organism was identified as Citrobacter freundii as compared to control (0206 3336). A very rare biotype number (7400 4263) was found in biofield treated LS 38, as compared to control (0206 3736). Study results suggest that biofield treatment on lab isolates of MDR P. aeruginosa has significant effect on the antimicrobial sensitivity, MIC values, biochemical reactions and biotype number. Biofield treatment might prevent the emergence of absolute resistance pattern of useful antimicrobials against MDR isolates of P. aeruginosa.
A tale of two cities

An improved understanding of human mobility patterns would yield insights into a variety of important societal issues such as the environmental impact of daily commutes. Location information from cellular wireless networks has great potential as a tool for studying these patterns. In this work, we use anonymous and aggregate statistics of the approximate locations of hundreds of thousands of cell phones in Los Angeles and New York City to demonstrate different mobility patterns in the two cities. For example, we show that Angelenos have median daily travel distances two times greater than New Yorkers, but that the most mobile 25% of New Yorkers travel six times farther than their Los Angeles counterparts.
Options for a Health System Researcher to Choose in Meta Review (MR) Approaches-Meta Narrative (MN) and Meta Triangulation (MT)

Two new approaches in systematic reviewing i.e. Meta-narrative review(MNR) (which a health researcher can use for topics which are differently conceptualized and studied by different types of researchers for policy decisions) and Meta-triangulation review(MTR) (done to build theory for studying multifaceted phenomena characterized by expansive and contested research domains) are ready for penetration in an arena of health system research. So critical look at which approach in Meta-review is better i.e. Meta-narrative review or Meta-triangulation review, can give new insights to a health system researcher. A systematic review on 2 key words-“meta-narrative review” and “meta-triangulation review” in health system research, were searched from key search engines, such as Pubmed, Cochrane library, Bio-med Central and Google Scholar etc till 21st March 2014 since last 20 years. Studies from both developed and developing world were included in any form and scope to draw final conclusions. However unpublished data from thesis was not included in systematic review. Meta-narrative review is a type of systematic review which can be used for a wide range of topics and questions involving making judgments and inferences in public health. On the other hand Meta-triangulation review is a three-phased, qualitative meta-analysis process which can be used to explore variations in the assumptions of alternative paradigms, gain insights into these multiple paradigms at one point of time and addresses emerging themes and the resulting theories.
Favorable acute and long-term outcomes after the resection of pulmonary aspergillomas.

OBJECTIVE This retrospective study was designed to examine the acute and long-term outcomes after surgical treatment of patients with pulmonary aspergillomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 1992 to 2006, 24 patients (21 men, mean age 58.4 years) with pulmonary aspergillomas underwent pulmonary resection. Operative indications were massive or repetitive hemoptysis in 6 patients, medically unmanageable localized infection in 14 patients, and undetermined mass in 4 patients. Eighteen patients (75.0 %) had background pulmonary diseases and four patients (16.7 %) were mildly immunocompromised. Eight patients had simple aspergillomas, while sixteen patients had complex aspergillomas. Two patients with pleural empyema had their pleural spaces sterilized before pulmonary resections. Fungus balls and pulmonary cavities along with the surrounding lung were removed in all patients. RESULTS Surgical procedures consisted of 13 lobectomies, 5 pneumonectomies including one completion pneumonectomy, 2 segmentectomies and 4 wedge resections. Postoperative complication occurred in 10 patients (41.6 %) and one patient died from aortic bleeding due to postoperative empyema. Other major complications were prolonged air leaks, bleeding, and chylothorax. In the follow-up period, all but one patient were free from aspergillosis. Hemoptysis was not seen in any patient. Overall survival rates at 2, 5, and 10 years were 86.6 %, 79.4 % and 79.4 %, respectively. Disease-free survival rates from aspergillosis were 86.6 %, 72.6 % and 72.6 % at 2, 5, and 10 years, respectively. CONCLUSION Pulmonary resection for aspergilloma showed favorable acute and long-term outcomes when surgical treatment was applied in selected patients.
Investigation of Hirsutism: Testosterone is Not Enough

SUMMARY In a consecutive series of 41 hirsute women clinically classified as benign androgen excess, only 34% were found to have elevated plasma ‘total’ testosterone (T), 22% having subnormal sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). When expressed as the ratio T/SHBG (‘free androgen index’), 85% of the patients had values above the normal range. It is concluded that this index is more reliable than total testosterone in assessing androgen status in female patients.
On the Formation of Circles in Co-authorship Networks

The availability of an overwhelmingly large amount of bibliographic information including citation and co-authorship data makes it imperative to have a systematic approach that will enable an author to organize her own personal academic network profitably. An effective method could be to have one's co-authorship network arranged into a set of ``circles'', which has been a recent practice for organizing relationships (e.g., friendship) in many online social networks. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised approach to automatically detect circles in an ego network such that each circle represents a densely knit community of researchers. Our model is an unsupervised method which combines a variety of node features and node similarity measures. The model is built from a rich co-authorship network data of more than 8 hundred thousand authors. In the first level of evaluation, our model achieves 13.33% improvement in terms of overlapping modularity compared to the best among four state-of-the-art community detection methods. Further, we conduct a task-based evaluation -- two basic frameworks for collaboration prediction are considered with the circle information (obtained from our model) included in the feature set. Experimental results show that including the circle information detected by our model improves the prediction performance by 9.87% and 15.25% on average in terms of AUC (Area under the ROC) and Prec@20 (Precision at Top 20) respectively compared to the case, where the circle information is not present.
Mining Security-Sensitive Operations in Legacy Code Using Concept Analysis

This paper presents an approach to statically retrofit legacy servers with mechanisms for authorization policy enforcement. The approach is based upon the observation that security-sensitive operations performed by a server are characterized by idiomatic resource manipulations, called fingerprints. Candidate fingerprints are automatically mined by clustering resource manipulations using concept analysis. These fingerprints are then used to identify security-sensitive operations performed by the server. Case studies with three real-world servers show that the approach can be used to identify security-sensitive operations with a few hours of manual effort and modest domain knowledge.
Recommender system — Making lifestyle healthy using information retrieval

The long hours working style and excessive usage of media has caused various health related issues and wrong eating habits in youth. The intake of food decided the nutrition level and energy in our body. right food is something that can make one's life Healthy and cheerful and if the same intake is in wrong way then, that can ruin one's whole body system and leads to many health hazards. Healthy food leads to long life span and Happy life. This paper explores and recommends a model for systematic diet and healthy food. The proposed recommender system would help youth to maintain their healthy food habits which in turn would increase their energy and efficiency of work.
Monitoring of Carbon Sink Preservation Activity for Global Warming Countermeasure using a High-Resolution Satellite Image

We represent the monitoring method of a carbon sink preservation activity for the global warming countermeasure using a high-resolution satellite image. We first investigate the satellite image availability and make a plan of a satellite image acquisition order. Next, we propose the land-use classification using the object-based image analysis to monitor carbon sink forest. Lastly, we apply the technique to the project site in Papua New Guinea.
Poldip2, a Novel Regulator of Nox4 and Cytoskeletal Integrity in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Rationale: NADPH oxidases (Noxes) regulate vascular physiology and contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular disease. In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the interactions of individual Nox homologs with regulatory proteins are poorly defined. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify novel NADPH oxidase regulatory proteins. Methods and Results: Using a yeast 2-hybrid screen, we identified a novel p22phox binding partner, Poldip2, and demonstrated that it associates with p22phox, NADPH oxidase (Nox)1, and Nox4 and colocalizes with p22phox at sites of Nox4 localization. Poldip2 increases Nox4 enzymatic activity by 3-fold and positively regulates basal reactive oxygen species production in VSMCs (O2·−: 86.3±15.6% increase; H2O2: 40.7±4.5% increase). Overexpression of Poldip2 activates Rho (180.2±24.8% increase), strengthens focal adhesions, and increases stress fiber formation. These phenotypic changes are blocked by dominant negative Rho. In contrast, depletion of either Poldip2 or Nox4 results in a loss of these structures, which is rescued by adding back active Rho. Cell migration, which requires dynamic cytoskeletal remodeling, is impaired by either excess (70.1±14.7% decrease) or insufficient Poldip2 (63.5±5.9% decrease). Conclusions: These results suggest that Poldip2 associates with p22phox to activate Nox4, leading to regulation of focal adhesion turnover and VSMC migration, thus linking reactive oxygen species production and cytoskeletal remodeling. Poldip2 may be a novel therapeutic target for vascular pathologies with a significant VSMC migratory component, such as restenosis and atherosclerosis.