Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Universities, Defamation and the Internet

The potential effect of defamation law on discourse over the Internet has attracted considerable comment,' in part because a high proportion of the small number of lawsuits arising out of Internet communications have involved defamation claims.2 If the threat of defamation liability becomes an important means of regulating expression on the Internet, the law of England and Wales3 is likely to play a central role in this development. London's appeal to libel plaintiffs extends beyond the shores of the United Kingdom, with potential litigants attracted by several substantive advantages afforded claimants by English law4 and by London's recent history of large damage awards and settlements in libel cases.5 English courts will usually exercise jurisdiction over cases involving parties who do not reside in Britain so long as the defamatory statement at issue is 'published' (disseminated to others) within England and Wales.6 Since virtually all statements made on the
Fungal Pneumonia Due to Molds in Patients with Hematological Malignancies

Abstract Invasive fungal infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematological malignancies. In particular, patients with neutropenia and those who have undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are at highest risk, with fungal pneumonia being the main clinical manifestation in these patients. The most common pathogens associated with fungal pneumonia are Aspergillus spp. and Zygomycetes. However, other pathogens have also been observed in fungal pneumonia, including Cryptococcus spp. , Pneumocystis jirovecii, and Candida spp. This comprehensive review will focus on the important practical aspects relevant to the epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, and therapeutic management of pneumonia due to filamentous fungi in patients affected by hematological malignancies.
Antibody‐dependent enhancement of viral infection: molecular mechanisms and in vivo implications

Besides the common receptor/coreceptor‐dependent mechanism of cellular attachment, some viruses rely on antiviral antibodies for their efficient entry into target cells. This mechanism, known as antibody‐dependent enhancement (ADE) of viral infection, depends on the cross‐linking of complexes of virus–antibody or virus–activated complement components through interaction with cellular molecules such as Fc receptors or complement receptors, leading to enhanced infection of susceptible cells. Recent studies have suggested that additional mechanisms underlie ADE: involvement of complement component C1q and its receptor (Ebola virus), antibody‐mediated modulation of the interaction between viral protein and its coreceptor (human immunodeficiency virus) and suppression of cellular antiviral genes by the replication of viruses entering cells via ADE (Ross River virus). Since ADE is exploited by a variety of viruses and has been associated with disease exacerbation, it may have broad relevance to the pathogenesis of viral infection and antiviral strategies. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
English as an additional language (EAL) viva voce: the EAL doctoral oral examination experience

Is the doctoral viva voce a reasonable method of examination? This exploratory paper proposes that the doctoral viva voce (oral examination) is a slightly different hurdle for doctoral candidates for whom English is an additional language (EAL, also termed ESL) than for those whose first language is English. It investigates the experience of 11 EAL candidates at a New Zealand university to provide phenomenographical insight to the viva voce as an assessment process. Their additional anxiety about language highlights the problematic side of internationalisation: the need to maintain fairness, equity and impartiality in the face of diversity. What is somewhat glibly called ‘best practice’ must accommodate the tension between institutional practice, desirably consistent and fair, and individual experience of that practice, experience that is unavoidably diverse. Unexpectedly, however, the EAL candidates critiqued the viva voce evaluation practice itself, endorsing it as a final confirmation of doctoral success in the English language.
Genetic analysis of the leucine heptad repeats of Lac repressor: evidence for a 4‐helical bundle.

Gel‐filtration experiments indicate that a peptide (P2) composed of the basic region of GCN4 fused to the leucine heptad repeats of Lac repressor forms tetrameric aggregates. Gel‐shift experiments were performed to determine the orientation of the helices in the tetrameric P2 aggregate. Sandwich‐complex formation of peptide P2 with two DNA fragments containing two symmetrical CRE binding sites (5′‐ATGACGTCAT‐3′) at a distance of 21 bp suggests antiparallel aggregation of the Lac leucine heptad repeats. Thus, we conclude that the leucine heptad repeats of Lac repressor have the ability to form homomeric 4‐helical bundles with an antiparallel arrangement of the helices. This topology enables the two DNA fragments in the sandwich complexes to be held together by two tetramers of peptide P2. Replacement of the uncharged amino acids of the helical g and e positions of peptide P2 by the corresponding charged residues of GCN4 (peptide P4) results in a dimeric and parallel aggregation of the leucine heptad repeats, and consequently abolishes the potential to form sandwich structures. Similarly, a hybrid Lac repressor in which the GCN4 leucine zipper replaces the natural Lac leucine heptad repeats forms dimers only. It regains the ability to form tetramers when the charged amino acids in helical positions g and e are replaced by uncharged alanines.
An Axisymmetric Model for Diffusion of Nano-Particles

An axisymmetric model was presented which was capable of predicting the diffusion of nano-particles with accuracy comparable to that of a 3D model. Both analytical and numerical approaches were presented. An Eulerian approach was first presented where the concentration distribution equation was solved analytically. It was shown that the mean-square radial displacements of the nano- and micro-particles are equal to 4Dt, which is twice that of one-dimensional Cartesian directions. The Langevin equation for Brownian motion of particles in radial direction was then analyzed. An axisymmetric coordinate was used and the appropriate spectral intensity for Brownian motion of the particles in radial direction was presented. Three dimensional and axisymmetric computational models for the Brownian motion of nano-particles were also described. Lagrangian particle trajectory analysis was performed assuming a one-way coupling model. The particle equation of motion used included the drag and Brownian forces. Trajectories of different size nano-particles in a uniform flow were analyzed, and the particles radial dispersions were studied. The predictions of the 3-D model for variance of the particle radial displacement were shown to be in agreement with the results of analytical solution. The results of the axisymmetric computational model was also found to be in agreement with the exact solution of diffusion equation and 3D Lagrangian simulation results provided that the appropriate spectral intensity for the radial direction be used.
Sponsored Places: The Use of Independent Day-Care Services to Support Children in Need

SUMMARY The implementation of the Children Act 1989, with its emphasis on family support through the provision of non-stigmatizing local services and on local authorities working in partnership with voluntary and private service providers, has given a new focus to the use of independent day-care services to support children in need and their families. This article uses data from research in England and Wales on the implementation of the Children Act as it affects early years services, to consider the extent of sponsored day-care, the circumstances in which it is used, and the issues it raises for local authorities, independent day-care providers and the children themselves.
A Note On Gottesman-Chuang Quantum Signature Scheme

In 2001, Gottesman and Chuang proposed a quantum signature scheme. Unlike classical signature schemes, the public keys in the scheme can only be used once. The authors claim that the scheme is somewhat cumbersome but it serves as a good model and suggests novel research directions for the field of quantum cryptography. In this note, we remark that the Gottesman-Chuang quantum signature scheme is so commonplace and cumbersome that it can not suggest the potential for quantum public key cryptography. The authors ignore an ultimate fact, namely, the cost to guarantee the authenticity of a user’s public key is expensive in the scenario of Public Key Infrastructure. It entails that a user’s public key should be repeatedly usable in the life duration.
Contiguous and Non-contiguous Processor Allocation

EEcient utilization of processing resources in a large, multiuser parallel computer depends on processor allocation algorithms that minimize system fragmentation. We propose three processor allocation algorithms for the k-ary n-cube class of parallel architectures, which includes the hypercube and multidi-mensional torus. The k-ary Partner strategy is a conventional contiguous processor allocation strategy that improves subcube recognition. The non-contiguous Multiple Buddy and Multiple Partner strategies lift the restriction of contiguity in order to address the problem of fragmentation associated with contiguous strategies. Simulations compare the performance of these three strategies with the performance of other k-ary n-cube allocation strategies, showing that non-contiguous allocation provides signiicantly increased system utilization by eliminating fragmentation.
Universality of vibrational spectra of globular proteins

It is shown that the density of modes of the vibrational spectrum of globular proteins is universal, i.e. regardless of the protein in question, it closely follows one universal curve. The present study, including 135 proteins analyzed with a full atomic empirical potential (CHARMM22) and using the full complement of all atoms Cartesian degrees of freedom, goes far beyond previous claims of universality, confirming that universality holds even in the frequency range that is well above 100 cm−1 (300–4000 cm−1), where peaks and turns in the density of states are faithfully reproduced from one protein to the next. We also characterize fluctuations of the spectral density from the average, paving the way to a meaningful discussion of rare, unusual spectra and the structural reasons for the deviations in such ‘outlier’ proteins. Since the method used for the derivation of the vibrational modes (potential energy formulation, set of degrees of freedom employed, etc) has a dramatic effect on the spectral density, another significant implication of our findings is that the universality can provide an exquisite tool for assessing and improving the quality of potential functions and the quality of various models used for NMA computations. Finally, we show that the input configuration also affects the density of modes, thus emphasizing the importance of simplified potential energy formulations that are minimized at the outset. In summary, our findings call for a serious two-way dialogue between theory and experiment: experimental spectra of proteins could now guide the fine tuning of theoretical empirical potentials, and the various features and peaks observed in theoretical studies—being universal, and hence now rising in importance—would hopefully spur experimental confirmation.
Postscript: through TCM, STM shines bright

We find the reply by Kahana, Sederberg, and Howard (see record 2008-14936-014) helpful in clarifying the temporal-context model (TCM) function, in particular with regard to the elimination of the recency effect by a difficult distractor under parameters that still enable long-term contiguity effects to emerge. We agree with Kahana et al. that what matters most to the understanding of memory is the testing of models against actual data, while attempting to maintain the criterion of parsimony. We welcome, therefore, the challenge offered by this exchange, which has produced quite a number of novel predictions (see below). Still, we are not convinced that TCM has been successful in offering a satisfactory account for memory dissociations between long- and short-term recency, that it is able to flexibly discriminate and recall items from different lists, or that it is more parsimonious than is our dual-store model. Our arguments have implications for the wider debate about short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM).
Sparse Representation-Based Super Resolution for Face Recognition At a Distance

Face recognition is a challenging task, especially when low-resolution images or image sequences are used. A decrease in image resolution results in a loss of facial high frequency components leading to a decrease in recognition rates. In this paper, we propose a new method for super-resolution by building a dictionary of high-frequency components in the facial data, which are added to a low-resolution input image to create a super-resolved image. Our method is different from existing methods as we estimate the high-frequency components, rather than studying the direct relationship between the high- and low-resolution images. Quantitative and qualitative results are reported for both synthetic and surveillance facial image databases.
Modeling and Selection of Flexible Proteins for Structure‐Based Drug Design: Backbone and Side Chain Movements in p38 MAPK

Receptor rearrangement upon ligand binding (induced fit) is a major stumbling block in docking and virtual screening. Even though numerous studies have stressed the importance of including protein flexibility in ligand docking, currently available methods provide only a partial solution to the problem. Most of these methods, being computer intensive, are often impractical to use in actual drug discovery settings. We had earlier shown that ligand‐induced receptor side‐chain conformational changes could be modeled statistically using data on known receptor–ligand complexes. In this paper, we show that a similar approach can be used to model more complex changes like backbone flips and loop movements. We have used p38 MAPK as a test case and have shown that a few simple structural features of ligands are sufficient to predict the induced variation in receptor conformations. Rigorous validation, both by internal resampling methods and on an external test set, corroborates this finding and demonstrates the robustness of the models. We have also compared our results with those from an earlier molecular dynamics simulation study on DFG loop conformations of p38 MAPK, and found that the results matched in the two cases. Our statistical approach enables one to predict the final ligand‐induced conformation of the active site of a protein, based on a few ligand properties, prior to docking the ligand. We can do this without having to trace the step‐by‐step process by which this state is arrived at (as in molecular dynamics simulations), thereby drastically reducing computational effort.
Health-related quality of life in patients served by the Department of Veterans Affairs: results from the Veterans Health Study.

BACKGROUND The Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System (VA) is the largest integrated single payer system in the United States. To date, there has been no systematic measurement of health status in the VA. The Veterans Health Study has developed methods to assess patient-based health status in ambulatory populations. OBJECTIVES To describe the health status of veterans and examine the relationships between their health-related quality of life, age, comorbidity, and socioeconomic and service-connected disability status. METHODS Participants in the Veterans Health Study, a 2-year longitudinal study, were recruited from a representative sample of patients receiving ambulatory care at 4 VA facilities in the New England region. The Veterans Health Study patients received questionnaires of health status, including the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-Item Health Survey; and a health examination, clinical assessments, and medical history taking. Sixteen hundred sixty-seven patients for whom we conducted baseline assessments are described. RESULTS The VA outpatients had poor health status scores across all measures of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-Item Health Survey compared with scores in non-VA populations (at least 50% of 1 SD worse). Striking differences also were found with the sample stratified by age group (20-49 years, 50-64 years, and 65-90 years). For 7 of the 8 scales (role limitations due to physical problems, bodily pain, general health perceptions, vitality, social functioning, role limitations due to emotional problems, and mental health), scores were considerably lower among the younger patients; for the eighth scale (physical function), scores of the young veterans (aged 20-49 years) were almost comparable with the levels in the old veterans (>65 years). The mental health scores of young veterans were substantially worse than all other age groups (P<.001) and scores of screening measures for depression were significantly higher in the youngest age group (51%) compared with the oldest age groups (33% and 16%) (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The VA outpatients have substantially worse health status than non-VA populations. Mental health differences between the young and old veterans who use the VA health care system are sharply contrasting; the young veterans are sicker, suggesting substantially higher resource needs. Mental health differences may explain much of the worse health-related quality of life in young veterans. As health care systems continue to undergo a radical transformation, the Department of Veterans Affairs should focus on the provision of mental health services for its younger veteran.
Privacy preserving data access scheme for IoT devices

Attribute-based encryption schemes provide read access to data based on users' attributes. In these schemes, user privacy is compromised as the access policies are visible. This privacy issue has been addressed in literature by enabling the data owner to obfuscate the policy in a setting where a single authority generates decryption keys. However, a single authority can figure out the hidden access policy which violates user privacy. We present PPDAS, a scheme which overcomes these limitations and makes two contributions. Firstly, we present a mechanism which supports fine-grained read and write operations in a setting where decryption keys are generated by multiple attribute authorities, and the access policy is hidden from all unauthorized entities including the attribute authorities. Our scheme is also accompanied with a user revocation mechanism. Secondly, we show that it is possible to adapt the scheme for accessing data through resource-constrained devices such as smart watches and IoT devices through extensive experimental evaluations.
A novel method of evaluating surface properties of tempered glasses by the ultrasonic microspectroscopy technology

We discussed a method of evaluating surface compressive layer of tempered glasses by the ultrasonic microspectroscopy (UMS) technology. Chemically tempered glass specimens and the non-tempered specimen were prepared. Velocities of leaky surface acoustic wave (LSAW) and leaky surface skimming compressional wave (LSSCW) were measured by the line-focus-beam ultrasonic material characterization system. LSAW and LSSCW Velocities increased drastically caused by the surface compressive stress. Velocity differences caused by the difference of chemical strengthening process conditions were successfully detected. Resolution to depth of compressive stress layer by the LSAW velocity measurement was ±0.11 μm. Frequency characteristics of LSAW velocity have possibility of evaluating elastic properties distributions in the depth direction of tempered layer. Velocities changes were mainly caused by elastic constants changes by the bulk acoustic properties measurements.
Rethinking Heredity, Again

The refutation of 'soft' inheritance and establishment of Mendelian genetics as the exclusive model of heredity is widely portrayed as an iconic success story of scientific progress. Yet, we are witnessing a re-emergence of debate on the role of soft inheritance in heredity and evolution. I argue that this reversal reflects not only the weight of new evidence but also an important conceptual change. I show that the concept of soft inheritance rejected by 20th-century genetics differs fundamentally from the current concept of 'nongenetic inheritance'. Moreover, whereas it has long been assumed that heredity is mediated by a single, universal mechanism, a pluralistic model of heredity is now emerging, based on a recognition of multiple, parallel mechanisms of inheritance. A scientific revolution undone? A fundamental assumption of classical Mendelian genetics and the evolutionary Modern Synthesis is that heredity is 'hard' – that is, mediated by the transmission of gene alleles that are impervious to environmental influence. By the standard historical narrative, the exclusive validity of the Mendelian model of heredity was established through the culmination of a lengthy scientific debate [1–3]. According to Mayr's authoritative history [3], the possibility of 'soft' or 'Lamarckian' inheritance, whereby traits acquired during an individual's lifetime could be passed on to its offspring, had been firmly refuted by the 1930s, and the discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953 was its 'death knell'. This narrative is repeated in most contemporary evolutionary biology textbooks (Box 1). The triumph of hard, Mendelian heredity has all the hallmarks of a scientific revolution [4]. However, the empirical evidence now points to the existence of a variety of inheritance mechanisms (collectively called 'nongenetic inheritance') that operate alongside Mendelian inheritance and allow for the inheritance of acquired traits (see Glossary), and a number of authors are calling for the Mendelian model of heredity to be extended to incorporate these phenomena [5–10]. How can the current challenge to the established model of heredity be reconciled with the unequivocal rejection of soft inheritance by 20th-century genetics? In this paper, I trace changes over the past century in the core issues at stake in the inheritance debate – the politically charged scientific controversy over the nature of heredity – and show that the concept of soft inheritance that was rejected by 20th-century genetics differs fundamentally from the one at the center of current debate. Although the empirical evidence was equivocal [1,2,11], soft inheritance …
Pedagogy and Pedagogical Methods in Higher Education

This article attempts to describe pedagogical methods in higher education. The meagerness of sources and original practices make this attempt difficult. Nonetheless it is legitimated by the renewed interest in the function and formation of higher education and by the new missions assigned to the university: to collect a larger number of students and give them diversified education that better meets the social demand. This evolution in the notion of the missions of higher education is accompanied by a significant evolution of pedagogical practices, often based on the use of new tools, audiovisual aids, and information-science tools; these new practices are aimed at reducing the failure rate, offering professionalized courses of study, and even reaching new publics.