Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Further Note on Production outside the “Economic” Region of Production

ventional textbook treatment of the regions of production. The points made appear sound and the purpose of this note is not to elaborate on the arguments made by Sharir but to discuss other problems frequently ignored in discussions of "uneconomic" regions of production.1 The fact that production involves interdependent time periods is shown to be another reason (in addition to those cited by Sharir) why production might take place in what appears to be an "uneconomic region. " The relationship between uneconomic regions of production and uneconomic input use under actual conditions of production is another source of confusion. When the subjective nature of the entrepreneurial function is realized, it becomes clear that neither the economist nor any other outside observer can identify uneconomic levels of input use under real world conditions. The issue of identifying production in "uneconomic" regions of production is shown to be one aspect of the more general problem of identifying inefficient resource use and closely related to Leibenstein's
Natalizumab for active Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND In chronic inflammatory conditions such as Crohn's disease, the migration of leukocytes from the circulation into the parenchyma and their activation within inflammatory sites are mediated in part by alpha4 integrins. METHODS We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the alpha4 integrin-specific humanized monoclonal antibody natalizumab in 248 patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease. Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of four treatments: two infusions of placebo; one infusion of 3 mg of natalizumab per kilogram of body weight, followed by placebo; two infusions of 3 mg of natalizumab per kilogram; or two infusions of 6 mg of natalizumab per kilogram. Infusions were given four weeks apart. Outcomes included changes in scores for the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (higher scores indicate more severe disease), the health-related quality of life, and C-reactive protein levels. RESULTS The group given two infusions of 6 mg of natalizumab per kilogram did not have a significantly higher rate of clinical remission (defined by a score of less than 150 on the Crohn's Disease Activity Index) than the placebo group at week 6 (the prospectively defined primary end point in the efficacy analysis). However, both groups that received two infusions of natalizumab had higher remission rates than the placebo group at multiple time points. Natalizumab also produced a significant improvement in response rates (defined by a reduction of at least 70 points in the score on the Crohn's Disease Activity Index). The highest remission rate was 44 percent and the highest response rate was 71 percent (at week 6 in the group given two infusions of 3 mg per kilogram). Overall, the two infusions of 6 mg of natalizumab per kilogram and of 3 mg per kilogram had similar effects. The quality of life improved in all natalizumab groups; C-reactive protein levels improved in groups receiving two infusions of natalizumab. The rates of adverse events were similar in all four groups. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with the selective adhesion-molecule inhibitor natalizumab increased the rates of clinical remission and response, improved the quality of life and C-reactive protein levels, and was well tolerated in patients with active Crohn's disease.
Redundancy reduced transceivers and channel identification under impulsive noise

Power line communication channels have been recognized as having large delay spreads and being subject to restrictive noise patterns. These characteristics hamper the transceiver design in general. In particular, the usual scheme based on OFDM requires the use of large amount of redundancy in order to mitigate the effect of a long time impulse response of the channel. In this paper, we present a block-based transceiver structure that has a better spectral efficiency than OFDM. This is obtained by allowing inter-block interference and by controlling it with judicious design of the transmitter and the receiver. In particular, using the newly presented scheme for transmission on PLC channels, we have obtained information rates that are 35% faster than those obtained with OFDM under the same configuration. Since this new scheme requires channel knowledge at the receiver, to perform the task, we introduce a novel identification algorithm that is particularly robust to impulsive noise. We show that this identification is not only robust but it also has fast convergence.
Efficient Autoproteolytic Processing of the MHV-A59 3C-like Proteinase from the Flanking Hydrophobic Domains Requires Membranes

Abstract The replicase gene of the coronavirus MHV-A59 encodes a serine-like proteinase similar to the 3C proteinases of picornaviruses. This proteinase domain is flanked on both sides by hydrophobic, potentially membrane-spanning, regions. Cell-free expression of a plasmid encoding only the 3C-like proteinase (3CLpro) resulted in the synthesis of a 29-kDa protein that was specifically recognized by an antibody directed against the carboxy-terminal region of the proteinase. A protein of identical mobility was detected in MHV-A59-infected cell lysates.In vitroexpression of a plasmid encoding the 3CLpro and portions of the two flanking hydrophobic regions resulted in inefficient processing of the 29-kDa protein. However, the efficiency of this processing event was enhanced by the addition of canine pancreatic microsomes to the translation reaction, or removal of one of the flanking hydrophobic domains. Proteolysis was inhibited in the presence ofN-ethylmaleimide (NEM) or by mutagenesis of the catalytic cysteine residue of the proteinase, indicating that the 3CLpro is responsible for its autoproteolytic cleavage from the flanking domains. Microsomal membranes were unable to enhance thetransprocessing of a precursor containing the inactive proteinase domain and both hydrophobic regions by a recombinant 3CLpro expressed fromEscherichia coli.Membrane association assays demonstrated that the 29-kDa 3CLpro was present in the soluble fraction of the reticulocyte lysates, while polypeptides containing the hydrophobic domains associated with the membrane pellets. With the help of a viral epitope tag, we identified a 22-kDa membrane-associated polypeptide as the proteolytic product containing the amino-terminal hydrophobic domain.
CD4 Decline and Incidence of Opportunistic Infections in Cape Town, South Africa: Implications for Prophylaxis and Treatment

Objectives: To determine the rate of CD4 decline and the incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs) among antiretroviral therapy-naive South African HIV-infected patients and inform timing of OI prophylaxis. Methods: We used mixed-effect models to estimate CD4 cell decline by CD4 cell count strata in HIV-infected patients in the Cape Town AIDS Cohort between 1984 and 2000. Stratum-specific OI incidence per 100 person-years of observation was determined using incidence density analysis. Results: Nine hundred seventy-four patients with 2 or more CD4 cell counts were included. CD4 counts declined by 47.1 cells/&mgr;L per year in the stratum with more than 500 cells/&mgr;L stratum, 30.6 cells/&mgr;L per year in the stratum with 351 to 500 cells/&mgr;L, and 20.5 cells/&mgr;L per year in the stratum with 201 to 350 cells/&mgr;L. Tuberculosis and oral candidiasis were the only OIs that occurred frequently in the stratum with more than 200 CD4 cells/&mgr;L. Rates of chronic diarrhea, wasting syndrome, tuberculosis, and oral and esophageal candidiasis increased in the stratum with less than 200 cells/&mgr;L, and rates of all OIs were highest in the stratum with 50 cells/&mgr;L or less. Conclusions: CD4 cell count declines were dependent on CD4 strata and can inform timing of clinic visits and treatment initiation in South Africa. Incidence rates of OIs suggest that targeted OI prophylaxis could prevent substantial HIV-related morbidity in South Africa.
Families of elliptic curves with rational 3-torsion

Abstract. In this paper we look at three families of elliptic curves with rational 3-torsion over a finite field. These families include Hessian curves, twisted Hessian curves, and a new family we call generalized DIK curves. We find the number of -isogeny classes of each family, as well as the number of -isomorphism classes of the generalized DIK curves. We also include some formulas for efficient computation on these curves, improving upon known results. In particular, we find better formulas for doubling and addition on the original tripling-oriented DIK curves and also for addition and tripling on elliptic curves with -invariant 0.
The effect on plasma lipids of the isoenergetic replacement of table sucrose by dried glucose syrup (maize-syrup solids) in the normal diet of adult men over a period of 1 year

1. Eighteen males (31–62 years) who habitually consumed significant amounts of table sucrose (approximately 25% of total carbohydrate intake) were supplied with their usual intake of sucrose for consumption in conjunction with their normal diet for 1 year, and a record kept of the amount consumed. The sucrose was then replaced isoenergetically by dried glucose syrup (55 D. E.) which contained saccharin to equate the sweetness to that of sucrose. 2. Fasting blood samples were taken every 4 weeks during the 2 years, and the plasma analysed for glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipid-P by automated colorimetric methods. Dietary questionnaries were issued every 3 months to confirm that subjects were not substantially altering their diets. 3. In subjects whose weight remained unchanged and in those who lost weight there was a significant fall in cholesterol (P < 0.025) and phospholipid (P < 0.025) in the glucose-syrup period compared with the sucrose period; triglycerides did not change. In subjects who gained weight there was a significant increase in triglycerides (P < 0.05), but no change in cholesterol; phospholipid-P fell significantly (P < 0.0005). 4. The dietary modification in this experiment was sufficiently long to ensure that subjects had adapted, and the results obtained show stable changes in blood lipids which may be attributed to the isoenergetic replacement of table sucrose by glucose syrup.
Data Partition and Parallel Evaluation of Datalog Programs

Parallel bottom-up evaluation provides an alternative for the efficient evaluation of logic programs. Existing parallel evaluation strategies are neither effective nor efficient in determining the data to be transmitted among processors. In this paper, we propose re different strategy, for general Datalog programs, that is based on the partitioning of data rather than that of rule instantiations. The partition and processing schemes defined in this paper are more general than those in existing strategies. A parallel evaluation algorithm is given based on the semi-naive bottom-up evaluation. A notion of potential usefulness is recognized as a data transmission criterion to reduce, both effectively and efficiently, the amount of data transmitted. Heuristics and algorithms are proposed for designing the partition and processing schemes for a given program. Results from an experiment show that the strategy proposed in this paper has many promising features. >
A body-biasing of readout circuit for STT-RAM with improved thermal reliability

As the integration density rockets up for contemporary VLSI circuits, power consumption limits the scalability of technology advancement of CMOS. Spin transfer torque-magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM), as one of the emerging non-CMOS technologies, has the promising prospect of low standby power, fast access speed and compatibility with the CMOS fabrication process. However, with the technology node scaling down, typical 1 Transistor-1 Magnetic Tunnel Junction (1T-1MTJ) STT-RAM cell suffers from severe reliability challenges, especially for read operation under temperature fluctuation. In this paper, we quantitatively analyze the temperature effect on read reliability of STT-RAM cell and propose a novel body-biasing feedback readout circuit design to improve the read sensing margin under different temperatures. The experiments based on 40nm CMOS technology and MTJ compact model validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The improved sensing margin also permits a smaller sensing current for reading such that higher read energy efficiency can be achieved.
Towards Maximum Resource Utilization and Optimal Task Execution for Gaming IoT Workflow in Mobile

With the rapid and tremendous growth of real-time resource discovery process ubiquitously, Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile cloud technologies have become an essential part of the future internet. The adaptive and energy-efficient mobile application execution is still in its infancy stage due to the diversity of IoT applications, manipulating workflow of an application and handling a large volume of streaming data in the heterogeneous resource-rich environment. To overcome these constraints, this paper introduces a GAming IoT workflow Fuzzifiers and Supporting MAximum Resource utilization and optimal Task execution on mobile cloud (GAF-SMART) paradigm offering an intelligent way of computing the mobile applications on the remote server. The GAF-SMART employs Game-theory and Fuzzy logic assisted adaptive task scheduler to attain optimal execution for maintaining a workflow of an application. Thus, the proposed mobile cloud IoT paradigm offers high Quality of Service (QoS), increases resource utilization and minimizes the mobile device energy.
Quanto mais difícil, melhor? Proposição de um esquema teórico do esforço do consumidor, riscos percebidos e satisfação com o processo de compra pela Internet

The popular saying “the more difficult the better” in the field of consumer behavior is questioned in this theoretical essay. Based on a series of experiments carried out in 1969, Cardozo states that the greater the effort of the consumer to make a determined purchase, the greater will be their perception of satisfaction of the purchasing process, That is, the perception of the result of the purchase will be molded by the effort made to obtain the product. Cardozo´s initial work is now reviewed more than three decades later, from a different point of view that of electronic commerce. Up until the present moment, no published surveys have been found on what the connection between the strategies of perceived risk reduction with the process of e-commerce purchases is. The proposed study thus aims at extending research in this area and proposes a theoretical framework on the association between the strategies of risk reduction in Internet purchases and consumer satisfaction, analyzing the propensity to take risks and the involvement of the individual as mediating variables of this relationship
Adoption of Electronic Health Record Systems among U . S . Non-Federal Acute Care Hospitals : 2008-2015

The adoption and meaningful use of electronic health records (EHRs) are key objectives of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009 and the Federal Health IT Strategic Plan (1). This brief uses data from the American Hospital Association to describe trends in adoption of EHR technology among non-federal acute care hospitals from 2008 to 2015. It tracks the adoption of Basic EHR systems and the possession of certified EHR technology. Unless otherwise stated, this brief refers to Basic EHR adoption with clinical notes, a measure which represents a minimum use of 10 core functionalities determined to be essential to an EHR system (see Table A1)(2).
How to measure the semantic similarities between scientific papers and patents in order to discover uncommercialized research fronts: A case study of solar cells

In this paper, we perform a comparative study to measure the semantic similarity between academic papers and patents. Research fronts which do not correspond any patents can be uncommercialized and opportunities for industry. Therefore it is significant to investigate the relationship between the scientific outcomes and the pieces of industrial technology. We compare structures of citation network of scientific publications with those of patents by citation analysis, measure the similarity between sets of academic papers and ones of patents by natural language processing, and discuss the validity of the results with experts. After the documents (papers/patents) in each layer are categorized by a citation-based method, we compare three semantic similarity measurements between a set of academic papers and a set of patents: Jaccard coefficient, cosine similarity of tfidf vector, and cosine similarity of log-tfidf vector. A case study is performed in solar cells to develop a method investigating the corresponding relationship between papers and patents. As a result, the cosine similarity of tfidf is the best way to discover the corresponding relationship. This proposed approach enables us to obtain, at least, the candidates of unexplored research fronts, where academic researches exist but patents do not.
Effect of intradialytic aerobic exercise on serum electrolytes levels in hemodialysis patients.

INTRODUCTION We aimed determine the impact of an 8-week intradialytic exercise program, consisting of 15 minutes of cumulative duration low-intensity exercise during the first 2 hours of dialysis on serum electrolytes levels and hemoglobin. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a randomized controlled trial of in an outpatient hemodialysis unit, clinically stable hemodialysis patients (n = 47) were included and assigned into the aerobic exercise group (n = 25) and the control group (n = 23). Aerobic exercises were done in groups, 15 min/d, 3 times a week, for 2 months. The main outcome measures were biochemical variables including serum levels of calcium, phosphate, and potassium levels and hemoglobin level. RESULTS After an 8-week intervention, significant improvements were seen in serum phosphate levels (decreased by 1.84 mg/dL) and serum potassium levels (decreased by 0.69 mg/dL). No side-effects were observed. Serum calcium and hemoglobin levels did not change significantly in the exercise group. CONCLUSIONS A simplified aerobic exercise program is a complementary, safe, and effective clinical treatment modality in patients with end-stage renal disease on dialysis.
How Can We Make Our Customers Trust Our Systems?

As the situations change very often and extensively today, the role of a user becomes increasingly important because it is he or she who really can understand the current situation and make decisions to cope with it. A user cannot operate machines or systems adequately if they cannot trust it. But formerly, machines and systems are very simple so that a user can expect how it would behave. But increasing complexity and diversification makes it more and more difficult. Software introduced the idea of continual prototyping and by evolving its functions step by step to a higher level after a user gets accustomed to it and build up trust in it. This paper points out that if we recall that most of the systems today are the combination of hardware and software, we might as well introduce the concept of continual prototyping into hardware- dominant systems. This would serve for a customer to build up trust more easily so that it is expected he or she can make decisions better and respond quicker and better. As hardware is physical, it has life. But software is non-physical so that it is eternal. If we consider that decommissioning of software is becoming a very big problem, we may utilize the phenomenon of deterioration as an indicator of the remaining life. Thus, if we put advantages of software and hardware together, we may come up with a system which will cancel the disadvantages each other so that it will increase user's confidence.
An Empirical Analysis of Integration and Intra-Regional Trade in ECOWAS

This study examines integration and intra-regional trade in ECOWAS. It focuses on the benefit of common policies within ECOWAS and their implications for intra-regional trade among member countries. The study utilizes a gravity model that is modified to reflect economic features of ECOWAS. Findings of the research show that economic size and common language are the major drivers of intra-regional trade in ECOWAS. Specifically, it indicates that real GDP, population size, openness and language positively influence intra-regional trade while distance was found to be negatively related to intra-ECOWAS trade. Deepening economic and cultural integration is recommended to maximize the enormous gains accruable from increased intra-regional trade.
The Role of Self-awareness in Developing Global Competence: A Qualitative Multi-case Study

Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.bellarmine. edu/tdc Part of the Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons, Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Ethnicity in Communication Commons, International and Intercultural Communication Commons, Other Communication Commons, Other Education Commons, and the Quantitative, Qualitative, Comparative, and Historical Methodologies Commons
On the accuracy of soil moisture content retrieved at pixel, segment or field scale, from advanced-SAR data: a simulation study

In this work, the effects of SAR measurement errors as well as direct model errors on soil moisture retrieval from SAR data are investigated. In particular, the attention is focused on understanding under which conditions it is more convenient: a) feed the retrieval algorithm with accurate backscattering values (i.e. estimated at "field scale") then retrieve soil moisture estimate directly at "field" scale; b) use relatively noisy backscattering values, estimated at smaller scales (i.e. "segment scale"), to retrieve soil moisture estimates at "segment" scale and subsequently average the obtained soil moisture estimates at "field" scale. The adopted soil moisture retrieval algorithm is based on a regularized Neural Networks appropriately trained by IEM model. The SAR synthetic data simulates SAR data acquired by ERS and ENVISAT satellites. The performance of the inversion method is -given as a function of the SAR configuration and noise level.
Performance of Hemielliptic Dielectric Lens Antennas With Optimal Edge Illumination

The role of edge illumination in the performance of compact-size dielectric lens antennas (DLAs) is studied in accurate manner using a highly efficient algorithm based on the combination of the Muller's boundary integral equations and the method of analytical regularization. The analysis accounts for the finite size of the lens and directive nature of the primary feed placed close to the center of the lens base. The problem is solved in a two-dimensional (2-D) formulation for both E - and H -polarizations. It is found that away from internal resonances that spoil the radiation characteristics of DLAs made of dense materials, the edge illumination has primary importance. The proper choice of this parameter helps maximize DLA directivity, and its optimal value depends on the lens material and feed polarization.