Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intelligent road surface quality evaluation using rough mereology

The road surface condition information is very useful for the safety of road users and to inform road administrators for conducting appropriate maintenance. Roughness features of road surface; such as speed bumps and potholes, have bad effects on road users and their vehicles. Usually speed bumps are used to slow motor-vehicle traffic in specific areas in order to increase safety conditions. On the other hand driving over speed bumps at high speeds could cause accidents or be the reason for spinal injury. Therefore informing road users of the position of speed bumps through their journey on the road especially at night or when lighting is poor would be a valuable feature. This paper exploits a mobile sensor computing framework to monitor and assess road surface conditions. The framework measures the changes in the gravity orientation through a gyroscope and the shifts in the accelerometer's indications, both as an assessment for the existence of speed bumps. The proposed classification approach used the theory of rough mereology to rank the modified data in order to make a useful recommendation to road users.
A Unified Bayesian Approach for Object and Situation Assessment

Object and situation assessment are crucial components of many advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs). Current object assessment algorithms usually provide a probabilistic representation of relevant entities in the vehicle's environment. Similarly, probabilistic approaches for situation assessment have been proposed. However, the interface between both stages is still an unsolved issue. In this paper, a direct link between Bayes filters and Bayesian networks is proposed which is based on adaptive likelihood nodes. The method is illustrated on the example of a system which automatically determines lane change maneuver recommendations. The presented results using both simulated and real data show that the proposed approach provides a unified approach for handling uncertainties in ADAS applications.
Delayed Nerve Stimulation Promotes Axon-Protective Neurofilament Phosphorylation, Accelerates Immune Cell Clearance and Enhances Remyelination In Vivo in Focally Demyelinated Nerves

Rapid and efficient axon remyelination aids in restoring strong electrochemical communication with end organs and in preventing axonal degeneration often observed in demyelinating neuropathies. The signals from axons that can trigger more effective remyelination in vivo are still being elucidated. Here we report the remarkable effect of delayed brief electrical nerve stimulation (ES; 1 hour @ 20 Hz 5 days post-demyelination) on ensuing reparative events in a focally demyelinated adult rat peripheral nerve. ES impacted many parameters underlying successful remyelination. It effected increased neurofilament expression and phosphorylation, both implicated in axon protection. ES increased expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and promoted node of Ranvier re-organization, both of which coincided with the early reappearance of remyelinated axons, effects not observed at the same time points in non-stimulated demyelinated nerves. The improved ES-associated remyelination was accompanied by enhanced clearance of ED-1 positive macrophages and attenuation of glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in accompanying Schwann cells, suggesting a more rapid clearance of myelin debris and return of Schwann cells to a nonreactive myelinating state. These benefits of ES correlated with increased levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the acute demyelination zone, a key molecule in the initiation of the myelination program. In conclusion, the tremendous impact of delayed brief nerve stimulation on enhancement of the innate capacity of a focally demyelinated nerve to successfully remyelinate identifies manipulation of this axis as a novel therapeutic target for demyelinating pathologies.
Predictive Routing For Mobile Sink Routing Algorithm

Recent work shows sink mobility can improve the energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks. However, the mobile sink often leads to increasing the energy consumption and routing protocol variation, so support mobile sinks, energy efficient routing protocol is essential. In this light, the Minimum energy consumption relay node is proposed, which plays a import role to broadcasting the estimated sink’s location information to the nodes which take data packets to establish the efficient routing. Meanwhile the periodic broadcast scheme to provide the sink’s location information is broadcast to entire network in order to increase the data packet delivery ratio. The simulation and experiments show that the proposed routing algorithm reduces the energy consumption of the network node, and at the same time keep the network higher data rate.
On Denial-of-Service in Computer Networks

The problem of denial of service and some of Its pro-pertles are reviewed. Some common misconceptions about denial of service are explained. Although fundamental changes to the notion of denial of service are unwarranted by use of computer networks, new and novel instances of the problem appear. Research directions for solutions to the denial-of-service problem are suggested. The three major security concerns, namely unauthorIzed disclosure of information, unauthorized modification of Information, and denial of service, have been addressed to various degrees of depth during the last decade. For example, security policies and models of authorized disclosures of Information exist and seem to proliferate at a rapid pace. Experience wlth the formal/Informal interpretation of these models In real systems has also been accumulated to the extent necessary to determine both the models' strengths and the suitability of their interpretations [Landwehr84, Mlllen84]. Relatively few models of authorized modification of Information exist, and a consensus on their usefulness seems to be more difficult to reach. In contrast with the areas of (un)authorlzed disclosure and modification of Information, the denial-of-service area has received little attention In the past. Formal models are conspicuous by their absence and, until recently, not even an acceptable general definition of the problem had been proposed. The properties of these problems are not well known and misconceptions about them abound among the security practitioners. In fact, few of these practitioners even consider denial of service a security problem. In this paper, the denlal-of-service problem Is reviewed and some common misconceptions about It are explained. Although fundamental changes to the notion of denial of service and to its definition are unwarranted by use of computer networks, new and novel Instances of the problem appear. Some directions for research on denial-of-service are suggested. In order to define the denial-of-service problem precisely we need to introduce the entitles Involved and the relationships among them. The shared service is a generic term which may include access to data, access and execution of programs, and use of hardware resources. The shared service Is provided by a supplier who usually designs and makes available the specifications of the servlce-sharlng mechanism and policy. Thls mechanism enforces conventions of service use such as the service-invocation procedure, entry point, number, type, and order of parameters. The policy determines the maxImum number of users, the order of service use In cases of competitive demand by users, and specifies the Intended …
On Computing a Maximal Independent Set in Hypergraph in Parallel ( Technical Report )

An outstanding open question in the theory of parallel computation is whether a maximal independent set (MIS) in a given hypergraph, can be computed in NC or RNC. One major bottleneck seems to be controlling the dimension of the hypergraph, i.e. the maximum dimension of a hyperedge. In the case of graphs (dimension 2 hypergraphs), Karp and Wigderson’85 gave the first NC algorithm. In the case of dimension 3 hypergraphs, there is an NC algorithm by Dalhaus, Karpinski and Kelsen’92 who adapt the result of Goldberg and Spencer’87 for graphs. Beame and Luby’90 and then later Kelsen’92 gave a randomized parallel algorithm for hypergraphs of constant dimension. The derandomized version, however, only gives a sublinear time algorithm. It is not known whether the problem is in NC or even remains in RNC when the dimension of the hypergraph is larger. In this report, we outline an approach towards the improved parallel construction of MISs in hypergraphs. In particular, we embed several algorithms into an outer marking algorithm that is meant to reduce the dimension of the hypergraph. We develop a fast probabilistic reduction process that allows us to compute an MIS efficiently on hypergraphs of smaller dimension. We also show that a much larger sampling probability in the algorithm of Beame and Luby works in Kelsen’s analysis of it. Last, we present a negative result that gives intuition on why applying the Kim-Vu inequality would not work in the current framework developed by Kelsen.
Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 Reduces Infection by and Colonization of Campylobacter jejuni

Campylobacter is a normal inhabitant of the chicken gut. Pathogenic infection with this organism in humans is accompanied by severe inflammation of the intestinal mucosal surface. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) to inhibit the adhesion and invasion of Campylobacter jejuni in vitro and to suppress C. jejuni colonization of chicks in vivo. Pretreatment with LG2055 significantly reduced adhesion to and invasion of a human epithelial cell line, Intestine 407, by C. jejuni 81–176. Methanol (MeOH)-fixed LG2055 also reduced infection by C. jejuni 81–176. However, proteinase K (ProK)-treated LG2055 eliminated the inhibitory effects. Moreover, LG2055 co-aggregated with C. jejuni 81–176. ProK treatment prevented this co-aggregation, indicating that the co-aggregation phenotype mediated by the proteinaceous cell-surface components of LG2055 is important for reducing C. jejuni 81–176 adhesion and invasion. In an in vivo assay, oral doses of LG2055 were administered to chicks daily for 14 days after oral inoculation with C. jejuni 81–176. At 14 days post-inoculation, chicks treated with LG2055 had significantly reduced cecum colonization by C. jejuni. Reduction in the number of C. jejuni 81–176 cells adhering to and internalized by human epithelial cells demonstrated that LG2055 is an organism that effectively and competitively excludes C. jejuni 81–176. In addition, the results of the chick colonization assay suggest that treatment with LG2055 could be useful in suppressing C. jejuni colonization of the chicks at early growth stages.
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Hess Opinions " Crash Tests for a Standardized Evaluation of Hydrological Models "

As all hydrological models are intrinsically limited hypotheses on the behaviour of catchments, models – which attempt to represent real-world behaviour – will always remain imperfect. To make progress on the long road towards improved models, we need demanding tests, i.e. true crash tests. Efficient testing requires large and varied data sets to develop and assess hydrological models, to ensure their generality, to diagnose their failures, and ultimately, help improving them.
Learning to personalize trending image search suggestion

Trending search suggestion is leading a new paradigm of image search, where user's exploratory search experience is facilitated with the automatic suggestion of trending queries. Existing image search engines, however, only provide general suggestions and hence cannot capture user's personal interest. In this paper, we move one step forward to investigate personalized suggestion of trending image searches according to users' search behaviors. To this end, we propose a learning-based framework including two novel components. The first component, i.e., trending-aware weight-regularized matrix factorization (TA-WRMF), is able to suggest personalized trending search queries by learning user preference from many users as well as auxiliary common searches. The second component associates the most representative and trending image with each suggested query. The personalized suggestion of image search consists of a trending textual query and its associated trending image. The combined textual-visual queries not only are trending (bursty) and personalized to user's search preference, but also provide the compelling visual aspect of these queries. We evaluate our proposed learning-based framework on a large-scale search logs with 21 million users and 41 million queries in two weeks from a commercial image search engine. The evaluations demonstrate that our system achieve about 50% gain compared with state-of-the-art in terms of query prediction accuracy.
Gravity/non-commutative Yang-Mills correspondence and doubletons

We discuss the gravity dual description for a non-commutative Yang-Mills theory, which reduces to that on AdS 5 x S 5 in the commutative limit. It is found that doubletons do not decouple in this dual gravity description unless one takes the commutative limit. The decoupling of the doubletons in AdS 5 space implies that the dual gauge theory has SU(N) gauge symmetry. Our result implies that this gravity description is dual to non-commutative U(N) gauge theory. This is compatible with the claim that U(1) and SU(N) gauge symmetries cannot be separated in non-commutative U(N) gauge theory.
Model based distribution equalization applied on spectro-temporal speech features

Speech recognition scores of machine decrease significantly in comparison to humans in difficult environments [1], e.g. when the noise exhibits nonstationary characteristics. Thus, standard speech features as the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) or RelAtive SpectrAl (RASTA) features [2] show good performance in clean conditions but strongly deteriorate in the presence of noise. However, spectro-temporal features achieved promising results in such situations [3, 4]. Unlike standard features, they are able to detect for instance steady formant transitions in the spectro-temporal representation. Most of them use Gabor filters [5], whereas we developed features inspired by a hierarchical system for visual object recognition [6] . We refer to them as Hierarchical Spectro-Temporal (HIST) features with their extraction scheme depicted in Fig. 1 [4].
Molecular Effects of Anionic Surfactants on Lysozyme Precipitation and Crystallization

Surfactants are used as additives in some protein separations and crystallization procedures, but the mechanism of their action is still poorly understood. By measuring the osmotic second virial coefficients of lysozyme solutions by static light scattering, we show that small amounts of anionic surfactants of varying molecular weight always make the protein−protein interactions in solution more attractive and that both the charge of the headgroup and the length of the hydrophobic tail mediate the interactions. The same surfactants also modify lysozyme crystallization and promote formation of twinned phases with gross morphologies different from those seen in the absence of surfactant, some of which display remarkably structured patterns on a micrometer scale. The surfactant effects are, however, often only kinetic, as the phases obtained initially recrystallize slowly into large stable crystals. These crystals are of excellent X-ray diffraction quality and resolution (up to 1.4 A). Their symmetry, unit ce.
Characterising the background errors for the boundary-layer capping inversion

The one-dimensional variational assimilation of vertical temperature information in the presence of a boundary-layer capping inversion is studied. For an optimal analysis of the vertical temperature profile, an accurate representation of the back - ground error covariances is essential. The background error covariances are highly flow-dependent due to the variability in the presence, structure and height of the boundary-layer capping inversion. Flow-dependent estimates of the background error covariances are shown by studying the spread in an ensemble of forecasts. A forecast of the temperature profile (used as a background state) may have a significant error in the position of the capping inversion with respect to observa- tions. It is shown that the assimilation of observations may weaken the inversion structure in the analysis if only magnitude errors are accounted for as is the case for traditional data assimilation methods used for operational weather prediction. The positional error is treated explicitly here in a new data assimilation scheme to reduce positional error, in addition to the traditional framework to reduce magni- tude error. The distribution of the positional error of the background inversion is estimated for use with the new scheme.
Biomechanical Behavior of an Implant System Using Polyether Ether Ketone Bar: Finite Element Analysis

Aim and Objectives: This study assessed, through finite element analysis, the biomechanical behavior of an implant system using the All-on-Four® technique with nickel–chromium (M1) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) bars (M2). Materials and Methods: Implants and components were represented in three-dimensional (3D) geometric models and submitted to three types of load: axial, oblique, and load on all teeth. The 3D models were exported to a computer-aided design-like software such as Solidworks 2016 (Dassault Systemes, Solidworks Corps, USA) for editing and Nonuniform Rational Basis Splines parametrization. Results: Data were analyzed according to system's areas of action: peri-implant bone, implant, intermediates, intermediates' screws, prostheses' screws, and bars. Largest peak stress was shown in M2. Conclusion: PEEK is a promising material for use in dentistry; however, further studies are necessary to evaluate its performance.
Modeling and Solving the Practical Production Planning Problem

This paper presents a mathematical programming formulation for lot sizing that is inspired from tire production practice. A mixed-integer programming based fix-and-relax heuristic approach is developed to address this problem. The time-oriented decomposition in this approach is designed to be variable dependently to obtain high quality solutions of the submodel. A numerical study using randomly generated benchmark instances indicates that the developed approach provides superior quality results and the computational efficiency is demonstrated.
Efficacy and toxicity of the combination chemotherapy of thalidomide, alkylating agent, and steroid for relapsed/refractory myeloma patients: a report from the Korean Multiple Myeloma Working Party (KMMWP) retrospective study

We analyzed the treatment responses, toxicities, and survival outcomes of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who received daily thalidomide, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (CTD) or daily thalidomide, melphalan, and prednisolone (MTP) at 17 medical centers in Korea. Three‐hundred and seventy‐six patients were enrolled. The combined chemotherapy of thalidomide, corticosteroid, and an alkylating agent (TAS) was second‐line chemotherapy in 142 (37.8%) patients, and third‐line chemotherapy in 135 (35.9%) patients. The response rate overall was 69.4%. Patients who were not treated with bortezomib and lenalidomide before TAS showed a higher response rate compared to those who were exposed to these agents. The estimated median progression‐free survival and overall survival times were 10.4 months and 28.0 months, respectively. The adverse events during TAS were generally tolerable, but 39 (10.4%) patients experienced severe infectious complications. There were no differences in terms of efficacy between CTD and MTP, but infectious complications were more common in CTD group. TAS is an effective treatment regimen which induces a high response rate in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma patients. Due to the high incidence of grade 3 or 4 infection, proper management of infection is necessary during the TAS treatment, especially the CTD.
The benefit of high-resolution operational weather forecasts for flash flood warning

Abstract. In Mediterranean Europe, flash flooding is one of the most devastating hazards in terms of loss of human life and infrastructures. Over the last two decades, flash floods have caused damage costing a billion Euros in France alone. One of the problems of flash floods is that warning times are very short, leaving typically only a few hours for civil protection services to act. This study investigates if operationally available short-range numerical weather forecasts together with a rainfall-runoff model can be used for early indication of the occurrence of flash floods. One of the challenges in flash flood forecasting is that the watersheds are typically small, and good observational networks of both rainfall and discharge are rare. Therefore, hydrological models are difficult to calibrate and the simulated river discharges cannot always be compared with ground measurements. The lack of observations in most flash flood prone basins, therefore, necessitates the development of a method where the excess of the simulated discharge above a critical threshold can provide the forecaster with an indication of potential flood hazard in the area, with lead times of the order of weather forecasts. This study is focused on the Cevennes-Vivarais region in the Southeast of the Massif Central in France, a region known for devastating flash floods. This paper describes the main aspects of using numerical weather forecasting for flash flood forecasting, together with a threshold – exceedance. As a case study the severe flash flood event which took place on 8–9 September 2002 has been chosen. Short-range weather forecasts, from the Lokalmodell of the German national weather service, are used as input for the LISFLOOD model, a hybrid between a conceptual and physically based rainfall-runoff model. Results of the study indicate that high resolution operational weather forecasting combined with a rainfall-runoff model could be useful to determine flash floods more than 24 h in advance.
Phonetic and phonological markers of contrastive focus in Korean

Cross-linguistically, focus is often cued by suprasegmental features and changes in phrasing. In this paper, phonetic and phonological markers of contrastive focus in Korean are investigated. We find that, as a phonological marker, focus initiates an accentual phrase (AP), and tends to, but does not always, include the following words in the same AP. But regardless of whether the post-focus sequence is dephrased or not, there is a significant expansion of the focused peak compared to the peak on the following words, thus achieving the perceptual goal of focus: prominence of the focused word relative to the following items. As a phonetic marker, a focused AP has extra-strengthening on its left edge, and the sequence before and after focus tends to be shorter than that in a neutral sentence.
Setting the Context for Transformation towards Authentic Leadership and Co-Creation

This chapter presents a new educational approach for developing authentic leadership and co-creation based on Theory U. The main arguments are that authentic leadership and co-creation develop together and cannot be taught through lecturing. Leaders must themselves experience going through the U in order to reconnect with their authentic self. To help the process unfold it is argued that 1) a holding space of trust and respect must be built previously, and that 2) the context, here understood as physical space, social atmosphere, and pedagogical principles and practices, must be designed appropriately to provide encouragement for co-creation. These arguments are sustained by empirical material and practical examples from an executive master education.