Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Important Shifts in Curriculum of Educational Leadership Preparation

This article looks at shifts in pedagogy used to prepare school leaders. Leaders for America’s Schools is the focus around which the authors build their case, beginning with a recap of the early phases of administrator training. Next, the authors examine A Nation at Risk and the impact the educational reform movement had on administration preparation. This section examines Leaders for America’s Schools, the Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium standards, and the impacts of neoliberalism, globalization, and social justice on preparation. The authors conclude by describing current pedagogy used in an exemplary leadership preparation program.
PEDAGOGICAL CHALLENGE: TEACHING INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT COURSES

There should be two distinctly different pom introductory courses (or even tracks) for MBAs. Course one (called pom) would consist of traditional pom materials emphasizing domestic POM course materials. Course two, called international production and operations management (ipom), would focus on international aspects of pom, emphasizing cross‐boundary operations. Training of instructors differs significantly for the two courses. ipom accentuates operations crossing borders where different languages, cultures and currencies apply. The ipom syllabus employs cases and examples based on companies and/or divisions located in a great variety of countries. Three important drivers of the international pom curriculum should be recognized: (1) supply chain management with ipom responsible for coordinating sources‐of materials as well as making and delivering goods and services across global boundaries, (2) portfolio management because ipom can reduce risks by geographically diversifying operations, and (3) capabilities management because ipom must spot, develop and implement special global opportunities. Teaching how these three international drivers interact challenges the pom field to provide proper curriculum development and instructor methodology.
Integrated task scheduling and data assignment for SDRAMs in dynamic applications

Runtime management of shared resources is crucial for efficient implementation of multimedia applications. Particularly, the energy consumption of SDRAMs is very sensitive to data assignment. This article presents an SDRAM data assignment technique for dynamic multithreaded multimedia and number of deadline violations applications, which, combined with task scheduling, minimizes the energy cost.
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS : AN ANALYSIS USING NEO INSTITUIONAL THEORY

Given monumental events including the September 11th attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon as well as the Enron and MCI Worldcom debacles, people have witnessed, and more readily accepted, a significant increase in governmental authority, leading to a dramatic upsurge in the number of governmental regulations imposed on business organizations and society. This manuscript presents an analysis for understanding the implications -- both technical and managerial -- of such regulations on the IT industry. Using neo institutional theory as a theoretical basis, this manuscript examines the repercussions of governmental regulations, which have become strong institutional forces, on the IT industry. The analysis suggests that such significant institutional forces may gravitate an otherwise highly disparate IT industry towards industry wide homogenization. Three examples of published case studies are used to demonstrate the impact of the regulations on the IT industry.
A Probabilistic Causal Model for Diagnostic Problem Solving Part I: Integrating Symbolic Causal Inference with Numeric Probabilistic Inference

The issue of how to effectively integrate and use symbolic causal knowledge with numeric estimates of probabilities in abductive diagnostic expert systems is examined. In particular, a formal probabilistic causal model that integrates Bayesian classification with a domain-independent artificial intelligence model of diagnostic problem solving (parsimonious covering theory) is developed. Through a careful analysis, it is shown that the causal relationships in a general diagnostic domain can be used to remove the barriers to applying Bayesian classification effectively (large number of probabilities required as part of the knowledge base, certain unrealistic independence assumptions, the explosion of diagnostic hypotheses that occurs when multiple disorders can occur simultaneously, etc.). Further, this analysis provides insight into which notions of "parsimony" may be relevant in a given application area. In a companion paper, Part Two, a computationally efficient diagnostic strategy based on the probabilistic causal model discussed in this paper is developed.
What is Happening to Middle Management

For many years middle managers' work, career and future role have been the subject of gloomy descriptions, assertions and predictions. These are described and compared with studies, including our own, that give a more optimistic picture of what is happening to middle management. We also cite survey information about numbers, salaries and job mobility of UK managers, including middle managers. We argue that before generalizations, either optimistic or pessimistic, can justifiably be made, attention needs to be paid to the complexity of changes affecting middle managers' jobs, to the diversity of organizations in which middle management work and the complexity of individual reactions to these changes.
The effects of doing part‐time jobs on college student academic performance and social life in a Chinese society

Student employment has been treated as a homogeneous category in studying the effects of doing part‐time jobs on student academic performance or social life. In the present study, using data collected from a well‐known public university in Macau, we treat student employment as a heterogeneous experience and compare the relative importance of various characteristics of student employment in predicting student academic performance and social life. We find that doing part‐time jobs exerts no effect on student academic performance when it is treated as a homogeneous category. When treated as a heterogeneous experience, we find that incentives to work have most effects on student academic performance, followed by whether the jobs provide opportunities for students to develop skills and whether the jobs are related to their fields of study. Inconsistent with most previous studies, we find that doing part‐time jobs actually enriches students' school life and increases their social support network as well. We do find that taking part‐time jobs damages students' relationships with their parents.
Centralised wage bargaining and structural change in Sweden

There is a general consensus among scholars that centralised wage bargaining played a key role in the ability of Sweden to maintain wage moderation in the early post-World War II period. Conventional wisdom suggests that it worked through one of two mechanisms: internalisation of the negative externalities associated with excessive wage settlements or implicit contracts that favoured cooperation between capital and labour over conflict. We contend, instead, that centralised wage bargaining was introduced because Swedish firms and unions adopted the Rehn-Meidner plan. In this environment, centralised wage bargaining was used to facilitate wage compression from below and promote labour release. Wage moderation then was a result of shifts in the labour supply. In the final section of the article we argue that excessive wage compression in the 1970s sapped the morale and effort of skilled workers, pushed down productivity and profits and eventually led to the demise of centralised wage determination.
Truncated neurokinin-1 receptor is increased in colonic epithelial cells from patients with colitis-associated cancer

Patients with chronic ulcerative colitis (UC) are at high risk for developing colorectal cancer. In this study, archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded colonic tissue from patients with UC who developed carcinoma (CA) or high-grade dysplasia (HGD) was examined for changes in expression of the proinflammatory and mitogenic neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R). Laser capture microscopy was used to microdissect epithelia from areas of colons that showed histologic evidence of CA, HGD, and epithelia that were not dysplastic or cancerous but did contain evidence of prior inflammation (quiescent colitis). mRNA was extracted from the dissected tissue, and PCR array analysis was performed on extracted mRNA. Two antibodies were necessary to separately estimate the protein levels of the truncated (tr-NK-1R) and full-length (fl-NK-1R) receptors by immunohistochemistry. mRNA expression of tr-NK-1R increased 14-fold (P = 0.02) when comparing the HGD and CA groups. In contrast, the fl-NK-1R transcript showed no significant differences among groups. The protein levels of the total NK-1R increased by 40% (P = 0.02) in HGD and 80% (P = 0.0007) in CA compared with quiescent colitis. There were no significant changes in protein levels of the fl-NK-1R. We conclude that the increase in total NK-1R protein in HGD and CA is attributable to an increase in tr-NK-1R, suggesting there may be a functional role for tr-NK-1R in malignant transformation in colitis-associated cancer. The tr-NK-1R could prove useful as a diagnostic marker to identify patients at risk for neoplasia and may serve as a useful therapeutic target in the treatment of colitis-associated cancer.
Human astrovirus diagnosis and typing: current and future prospects

Human astroviruses (HAstV) are important human pathogens causing gastroenteritis worldwide. The increased recognition of astroviruses as the cause of sporadic outbreaks of disease is due to the recent availability of improved diagnostic methods. During the last decade, most epidemiological surveys have chosen astrovirus‐specific RT‐PCR as screening methods. In addition to serotyping by molecular techniques, new typing methods are being developed that may also identify other viral properties related to virulence. The information provided by different typing assays is required for a better understanding of both the antigenic diversity and the molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity.
Market structure and casino taxation in tourist resorts

This article examines the association of tax effects with market structure for casino gaming. We show that if market structure is uncompetitive, much of casino taxation falls on tourists whose demand is inelastic relative to supply. The tax is likely to be efficient under strong external demand if imposed on oligopoly casinos with a monopoly location in a cross-border market. The likelihood of economically ‘good’ taxation is greater under oligopoly than under competition but lower than under monopoly. Casino taxes should be lowered in a more competitive market with weaker external demand. Our prediction is consistent with the evidence found from casino tourism development in Macao with ‘high’ gambling taxes.
Preliminary application of computer‐assisted patient‐specific acetabular navigational template for total hip arthroplasty in adult single development dysplasia of the hip

The considerable variation in anatomical abnormalities of hip joints associated with different types of developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) makes reconstruction in total hip arthroplasty (THA) difficult. It is desirable to create patient‐specific designs for THA procedures. In the cases of adult single DDH, an accuracy‐improved method has been developed for acetabular cup prosthesis implantation of hip arthroplasty.
Continuity and change in a spin-off venture: the process of reimprinting

Because new entrants very often spin off from established firms, their learning and capabilities are closely linked to their organizational and technological heritage. While this may provide an initial advantage, parental influence can generate inertia and resistance to change, unless the new company is able to unlearn inappropriate practices and create its unique competitive identity. The tension between inheritance and search for novelty is the subject of the article. Building on an in-depth case study of Acorn Computers and ARM semiconductors, we present a model of intergenerational learning and spin-off performance. Early parental influence is followed by intense learning, improvisation and response to feedback from the market. This we term reimprinting , to emphasize the enduring competitive and organizational identity established early on by the spin-off, which in this case provided the basis for disruptive innovation. Focus on the parent--progeny dyad as the unit of analysis can reveal micro-processes that reconstitute past experience to make possible both continuity and innovation in the spin-off venture. Copyright 2012 The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Associazione ICC. All rights reserved. , Oxford University Press.
A General Theory of Pass-Through in Channels with Category Management and Retail Competition

I provide a general formulation of the channel pass-through problem as a comparative static of the retail price equilibrium, and I analyze the impact of category management and retail competition on pass-through, focusing on brand and retailer differences, and the nature of the cost change being passed through--whether it is brand specific, retailer specific, both, or neither.With category management, a retailer's response to a brand-specific cost change is not limited to that brand; in general, a retailer will also change the prices of other brands. The cross-brand effect can be positive or negative, and, depending on its sign, it either enhances or attenuates pass-through. I explain the cross-brand effect as an interaction between two forces: a demand-substitution force that pushes for a negative cross-brand effect, and a strategic-complementarity force that pushes for a positive cross-brand effect. Retail competition adds another layer of strategic complementarity, causing other retailers to respond even for retailer-specific cost changes and increasing pass-through of categorywide cost changes. But its effect for brand-specific cost changes is ambiguous.I apply the theory to two commonly used demand functions--linear demand and nested logit--and show that they have significantly different pass-through properties. The paper concludes with a discussion of how the theory relates to the empirical literature, including the companion piece by Besanko et al. (Besanko, D., J-P. DubA©, S. Gupta. 2005. Own-brand and cross-brand retail pass-through.Marketing Sci.24(1) 123-137. )
Small-scale milling and the feasibility of mandatory fortification of sorghum and maize flour in Botswana

In Botswana, as in many developing countries, food fortification is a potential strategy for addressing the malnutrition of low income groups. This article examines the potential costs of mandatory fortification of sorghum and maize flour for firms in Botswana. The results indicate that unit average fortification costs in pula per metric ton of flour range from 183 to 271, 118 to 170 and 103 to 149 (US$1 = P6.4 in 2007), respectively, for a typical small, medium and large firm. It is argued that the imposition of mandatory fortification may be feasible for large and perhaps some medium firms. However, small and (some) medium firms, are likely to collapse and exit the industry as a result of such action. A potentially realistic and sustainable option for small firms would be to consolidate so as to increase their scale of operation and avoid absolute collapse. However, public funding may be required to support such consolidation.
Taiwanese tourists' perceptions of service quality on outbound guided package tours: A qualitative examination of the SERVQUAL dimensions

Guided package tours are popular for certain market segments and represent a significant tourism market. However, research on service quality in guided package tours is rather limited. This research used a modified SERVQUAL dimensions to evaluate travellers' perceptions of service quality on the guided package tour. SERVQUAL has been widely used in various disciplines including numerous studies in the hospitality and tourism industries and has received considerable recognition in service marketing. Some have found empirical support for the five dimensions, but some question the five service dimensions. Instead of using traditional questionnaire surveys, this study used qualitative approach to gain an insight into tour participants' views. The study found that the dimension of `tangibility' was less significant when compared with other dimensions in terms of customers' perceptions of service quality. Other elements such as `communication' and `sociability' were critical when applied to the travel industry in a particularly ethnical group.
Different forms of Ultrabithorax proteins generated by alternative splicing are functionally equivalent.

The Ubx gene of Drosophila normally produces several forms of Ubx proteins through alternative splicing of two microexons. We describe here two new viable Ubx mutations that show similar and almost wild‐type adult phenotypes. Molecular characterization has shown that one of them, UbxMX17, is an inversion within the Ubx transcription unit including one of the microexons involved in alternative splicing. This results in mutant flies possessing a very abnormal array of Ubx proteins, probably including spliced forms not present in wild‐type flies. Yet these protein products successfully substitute for the normal ones and allow virtually normal Ubx function. We argue that the different Ubx proteins are developmentally equivalent and that the slight mutant phenotype observed in UbxMX17 flies is not due to the abnormal set of Ubx proteins but to a breakpoint in a cis‐regulatory region.
Activity Monitoring Process based on Model-Driven Engineering – Application to Ambient Assisted Living

Abstract The supervisor of the activities of a system user should benefit from the knowledge contained in the event logs of the user. They allow the monitoring of the sequential and parallel user activities. To make event logs more accessible to the supervisor, we suggest a process mining approach, including first the design of an understanding model of the activities of a system user. The model design is based on the relationships between the event logs and the activities of a system user. An intervention model completes the understanding model to assist the supervisor. The intervention model enables an action of the supervisor on the critical activities, and the detection of anomalies. The models are automatically designed with a model-driven engineering approach. An experiment on a smart home system illustrates this tooled design, where the supervisor is a medical or paramedical staff member.
The Home, Pension Savings and Risk Aversion: Intentions of the Defined Contribution Pension Plan Participants of a London-based Investment Bank at the Peak of the Bubble

In the lead-up to the peak of the financial bubble (and before the onset of the global financial crisis), property was regularly promoted as a ready-made alternative to private pensions. This paper explores the importance of owner-occupied housing for the retirement savings strategies of defined contribution (DC) pension plan members. Based upon a unique survey of over 2300 participants in the DC pension scheme of a London-based international bank, an assessment is made of the statistical significance of respondents’ socioeconomic status and risk preference in predicting the significance or otherwise of their home for retirement saving. Relatively few respondents indicated that they were likely to rely on their home. Those that indicated reliance were relatively older, higher-paid and married employees. The paper concludes with implications for understanding the connection between savings behaviour and housing before and after the global financial crisis.
An integration of mobile motion prediction with dedicated solicitation message for seamless handoff provisioning in high speed wireless environment

Wireless mobility seems to be transforming the communication industry, shifting the momentum from Internet access to broadband wireless access. This technology-shifting has been expected to provide a better communication services in return. The ability to transfer communication at extremely high speeds and the ability to stay connected during a fast movement speed should always be applicable for the upcoming and future technology. This involves addressing the challenge of maintaining the quality of service (QoS) in wireless high speed movement environment. This paper presents a method employing dedicated solicitation message for supporting fast mobile node's switching process while moving between heterogeneous access routers (AR). Simulation of the proposed method show substantial performance improvement for one of the mobile IP's enhancement scheme known as SIGMA. The proposed method has been integrated with our previous enhancement method on SIGMA known as mobile motion prediction and the performance of the integrated approach demonstrates an overall improvement.
International Market Rivalry in a Developing Country and the Optimal Export Policy: A General Equilibrium Analysis of Strategic Trade Policy and Urban Unemployment (Tentative Title)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate what is the optimal export policy for a developed country (DC) in a general equilibrium model of a developing country (LDC) with urban unemployment a la Harris and Todaro (HT: 1970). Even if DC firm competes a la Cournot against LDC firm (strategic substitute) in a urban manufactured good market, the optimal export policy can be an export tax, not a subsidy, because of the presence of income effect on imperfectly competitive manufactured good. First, an export subsidy decreases the aggregate income of an LDC. If it shifts down the market demand curve for manufactured good, the DC firm’s output and profit mat decrease in equilibrium. Second, the optimal export policy for DC government is an export tax if LDC firm’s marginal cost is not much lower than DC firm’s marginal cost, given the preference for urban manufactured good, rural technology and population. Third, given the preference for urban manufactured good in the LDC market with international rivalry, the range of parameter values for optimal export tax is larger when marginal product of rural labor and /or population are smaller.