Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metatranscriptomic Analysis Reveals Unexpectedly Diverse Microbial Metabolism in a Biogeochemical Hot Spot in an Alluvial Aquifer

Organic matter deposits in alluvial aquifers have been shown to result in the formation of naturally reduced zones (NRZs), which can modulate aquifer redox status and influence the speciation and mobility of metals, affecting groundwater geochemistry. In this study, we sought to better understand how natural organic matter fuels microbial communities within anoxic biogeochemical hot spots (NRZs) in a shallow alluvial aquifer at the Rifle (CO) site. We conducted a 20-day microcosm experiment in which NRZ sediments, which were enriched in buried woody plant material, served as the sole source of electron donors and microorganisms. The microcosms were constructed and incubated under anaerobic conditions in serum bottles with an initial N2 headspace and were sampled every 5 days for metagenome and metatranscriptome profiles in combination with biogeochemical measurements. Biogeochemical data indicated that the decomposition of native organic matter occurred in different phases, beginning with mineralization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to CO2 during the first week of incubation, followed by a pulse of acetogenesis that dominated carbon flux after 2 weeks. A pulse of methanogenesis co-occurred with acetogenesis, but only accounted for a small fraction of carbon flux. The depletion of DOM over time was strongly correlated with increases in expression of many genes associated with heterotrophy (e.g., amino acid, fatty acid, and carbohydrate metabolism) belonging to a Hydrogenophaga strain that accounted for a relatively large percentage (~8%) of the metatranscriptome. This Hydrogenophaga strain also expressed genes indicative of chemolithoautotrophy, including CO2 fixation, H2 oxidation, S-compound oxidation, and denitrification. The pulse of acetogenesis appears to have been collectively catalyzed by a number of different organisms and metabolisms, most prominently pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase. Unexpected genes were identified among the most highly expressed (>98th percentile) transcripts, including acetone carboxylase and cell-wall-associated hydrolases with unknown substrates (numerous lesser expressed cell-wall-associated hydrolases targeted peptidoglycan). Many of the most highly expressed hydrolases belonged to a Ca. Bathyarchaeota strain and may have been associated with recycling of bacterial biomass. Overall, these results highlight the complex nature of organic matter transformation in NRZs and the microbial metabolic pathways that interact to mediate redox status and elemental cycling.
Selective CDK4/6 inhibition with tumor responses by PD0332991 in patients with mantle cell lymphoma.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) carries an unfavorable prognosis and requires new treatment strategies. The associated t(11:14) translocation results in enhanced cyclin D1 expression and cyclin D1-dependent kinase activity to promote cell-cycle progression. A pharmacodynamic study of the selective CDK4/6 inhibitor PD0332991 was conducted in 17 patients with relapsed disease, using 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) and 3-deoxy-3[(18)F]fluorothymidine (FLT) positron emission tomography (PET) to study tumor metabolism and proliferation, respectively, in concert with pre- and on-treatment lymph node biopsies to assess retinoblastoma protein (Rb) phosphorylation and markers of proliferation and apoptosis. Substantial reductions in the summed FLT-PET maximal standard uptake value (SUV(max)), as well as in Rb phosphorylation and Ki-67 expression, occurred after 3 weeks in most patients, with significant correlations among these end points. Five patients achieved progression-free survival time of > 1 year (range, 14.9-30.1+ months), with 1 complete and 2 partial responses (18% objective response rate; 90% confidence interval, 5%-40%). These patients demonstrated > 70%, > 90%, and ≥ 87.5% reductions in summed FLT SUV(max) and expression of phospho-Rb and Ki67, respectively, parameters necessary but not sufficient for long-term disease control. The results of the present study confirm CDK4/6 inhibition by PD0332991 at a well-tolerated dose and schedule and suggest clinical benefit in a subset of MCL patients. This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov under identifier NCT00420056.
Matching Algorithms for Bipartite GraphsHerbert

This report is a rather concise summary of the rst-named au-thor's M. Sc. Dissertation, written under the second-named au-thor's supervision. The matching problem in graphs consists in determining match-ings, that is, vertex disjoint sets of edges of the graph. In particular, we are interested in nding maximum matchings, that is, match-ings of maximum cardinality. There are many variations around this problem, the graph can be: bipartite or not, weighted or not. In this work we describe brieey the most important algorithms for solving the problem of maximum matching, weighted or not, in bipartite graphs. At the end of the article we give a table which describes brieey the most important algorithms for solving the general problem, in which the graph is not necessarily bipartite.
Formative Assessment of ARM-U: A Modular Intervention for Decreasing Risk Behaviors Among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Methamphetamine-Using MSM

Background: Methamphetamine is a major contributor to HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM). Recent studies show that up to one-third of methamphetamine-using MSM (MUMSM) inject the drug. We developed a behavioral intervention for MUMSM to decrease unprotected anal intercourse and increase awareness of parenteral HIV transmission risk. This 6-session (3 in-person, 3 by telephone) modular intervention was designed to be tailored to participants’ HIV (+/-) and injection drug user ([IDU] yes/no) status. We present results of formative research used to evaluate the content and to assess feasibility and acceptability of this individual-level HIV risk-reduction intervention. Setting: HIV research clinic in a high MSM and methamphetamine prevalence neighborhood. Project: Avoiding Risks from Methamphetamine-Use (ARM-U) is a brief toolbox intervention that allows counselors to select modules that suit a client’s individual risk profile and intervention needs employing motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral theory. We evaluated the format and content of the intervention through focus groups and pre-testing of the entire intervention using volunteers from the target population stratified into four groups (HIV+/IDU, HIV-/IDU, HIV+/non-IDU, HIV-/non-IDU). Four individuals in each stratum were recruited to undergo the intervention and complete a satisfaction survey at the end of each in-person session. Results: In total, 25 MUMSM attended one of five focus groups. Participants thought all proposed intervention topics were important and could aid in reducing sexual risk behaviors among MUMSM. However, the neurocognitive effects of methamphetamine were reported to be a barrier to practicing safer sex, condom use negotiation or HIV status disclosure. Fifteen (94%) of 16 participants completed all 6 sessions and the satisfaction survey. On average, participants felt the intervention was useful for MUMSM, made them contemplate and move toward behavior change, and would recommend the program to their peers. Lessons Learned: Based on our formative research, we revised the ARM-U intervention to emphasize pre-planning to avoid combining methamphetamine use and sex or develop strategies to avoid sex risk following methamphetamine use. We also increased emphasis on referrals for care and other requested services. Future efficacy trials are needed to evaluate the intervention’s ability to reduce HIV-associated risk behaviors.
Knowledge and the Role of Institutions in Economic Theory

For many years there has been a dispute between the proponents of two different methodological views. These can be characterized as antiand proneoclassical. The former maintains that since a neoclassical market economy can be viewed as being merely one particular form of institutional setting, neoclassical economics is merely a special case of institutionalism (for example, Clarence Ayres, John Gambs, and Gunnar Myrdal). The latter declares that since one can explain any institutional setting and its evolution as merely the consequences of the logic of choice (that is, of optimization facing given constraints), our understanding of institutions is merely another example of neoclassical analysis (for example, James Buchanan, Gordon Tullock, and Douglass North).
Minimized reversible/quantum synthesis of non-reversible quinary logic function

Reversible/quantum multiple-valued logic circuit has several advantages over reversible/quantum binary logic circuit. Galois field sum of products (GFSOP) based synthesis of multiple-valued logic function is more promising and practical than other approaches. In this paper, we have developed 196 Galois field expansions (GFE) and have proposed a method of minimization of GFSOP expression for non-reversible quinary logic function using the application of these GFEs. We have also proposed a method of realization of quinary GFSOP expression as cascade of quinary reversible/quantum gates. Experimental results with 26 functions having up to six inputs and two outputs show that a significant minimization can be achieved using the proposed minimization method.
Performance Comparison of Attributes Selection for Machine Learning Task

Feature or attribute selection is a topic that concerns selecting a subset of features, among the full features, that shows the best performance in classification accuracy. It performs as a preprocessing step to improve the classification task. The main objective of feature selection is to find useful features that represent the data and remove those features that are either irrelevant or redundant. Reducing the number of features in a dataset can lead to faster software quality model training and improved classifier performance. This paper presents a new method for dealing with feature subset selection based on conditional mutual information. The proposed method can select feature subset with minimum number of features, which are relevant to get higher average classification accuracy for datasets. The experimental results with UC Iravine datasets and Naive Bayes classifier showed that the proposed algorithm is effective and efficient in selecting subset with minimum number of features getting higher classification accuracy than the existing feature selection methods.
Mobile Robot Localization based on 96 HF band RFID readers and ID Tag Installed Floor Carpet

Accurate and highly reliable self-localization system is needed for a mobile robot to work in human daily life environment. The studies of a indoor autonomous mobile robot often use visual sensors and laser range finders. Unfortunately, it is difficult to estimate the exact global location if the environment has number of places that have similar shape boundaries or small number of landmarks to localize. Furthermore, it is not robust against environmental changes and unexpected obstacles. Self-localization system based on reading RFIDtags on floor is robust against lighting condition, unexpected obstacles, furniture and doors conditions in the environment. This paper shows RFID-based self-localization system for a omni-directional vehicle and compares its performance to the LRF-based localization.
Case-Based Learning Algorithms

Case based learning CBL algorithms are CBR systems that focus on the topic of learning This paper notes why CBL algorithms are good choices for many supervised learning tasks describes a framework for CBL algorithms outlines a progression of CBL algorithms for tackling learning applications characterized by challenging problems i e noisy cases poor similarity functions contextual importance of features and discusses unsolved problems with the case based learning approach
How Electroencephalography Serves the

Major clinical endpoints of general anesthesia, such as the alteration of consciousness, are achieved through effects of anesthetic agents on the central nervous system, and, more precisely, on the brain. Historically, clinicians and researchers have always been interested in quantifying and characterizing those effects through recordings of surface brain electrical activity, namely electroencephalography (EEG). Over decades of research, the complex signal has been dissected to extract its core substance, with significant advances in the interpretation of the information it may contain. Methodological, engineering, statistical, mathematical, and computer progress now furnishes advanced tools that not only allow quantification of the effects of anesthesia, but also shed light on some aspects of anesthetic mechanisms. In this article, we will review how advanced EEG serves the anesthesiologist in that respect, but will not review other intraoperative utilities that have no direct relationship with consciousness, such as monitoring of brain and spinal cord integrity. We will start with a reminder of anesthestic effects on raw EEG and its time and frequency domain components, as well as a summary of the EEG analysis techniques of use for the anesthesiologist. This will introduce the description of the use of EEG to assess the depth of the hypnotic and anti-nociceptive components of anesthesia, and its clinical utility. The last part will describe the use of EEG for the understanding of mechanisms of anesthesia-induced alteration of consciousness. We will see how, eventually in association with transcranial magnetic stimulation, it allows exploring functional cerebral networks during anesthesia. We will also see how EEG recordings during anesthesia, and their sophisticated analysis, may help corroborate current theories of mental content generation.
When Is a Child Too Young for Juvenile Court? A Comparative Case Study of State Law and Implementation in Six Major Metropolitan Areas

There is a dearth of knowledge concerning statutes and practices designed to protect younger children from formal juvenile court petitions. This case study examines minimum age laws and related statutes in the six largest U.S. states and explores implementation of these policies and practices in major metropolitan areas within these states. The primary study methods included legal analysis and stakeholder interviews. Legal analysis identified diverse minimum age laws across states and complex statutes related to children’s capacity to stand trial and competency. Stakeholders across the six cases agreed that the state should protect young children from formal delinquency petitions when possible. Discretionary statutes and practices appeared to play a key yet inconsistent role in excluding younger children from juvenile court.
Low-power implementation of an HMM-based sound environment classification algorithm for hearing aid application

Automatic program switching is a future trend for digital hearing aids. To realize this function, a solution for sound environment classification is required. This paper presents an HMM-based sound environment classifier that is implemented on a low-power DSP system designed for hearing aid applications. Our experimental results show that it is capable of distinguishing four sound sources (i.e. speech, music, car noise, and babble) with more than 95% accuracy rate and consumes only 0.225 mW of power.
A Central Role for Death Receptor-Mediated Apoptosis in the Rejection of Tumors by NK Cells1

NK cells provide a line of defense against tumors and virus-infected cells that have lost the expression of one or more MHC class I isoforms. Here, we investigate whether inhibitors of apoptosis can block the rejection of tumors mediated by NK cells, by introducing the long form of Fas-associated death domain-like IL-1β-converting enzyme-associated inhibitory protein (FLIPL) and poxvirus cytokine response modifier A (CrmA) into the MHC class I-deficient T lymphoma cell line RMA-S. RMA-S cells do not normally express Fas in vitro, and it was previously postulated that the rejection of these tumors by NK cells is strictly perforin dependent. We show that perforin-deficient NK cells directly mediate Fas up-regulation on RMA-S cells and thereafter kill the cells in a Fas-dependent manner, and that RMA-S FLIPL and RMA-S CrmA are protected from such killing. When injected in immunocompetent recipients, RMA-S cells up-regulate Fas, rendering in vivo-passed mock-transduced cells sensitive to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, RMA-S FLIPL and RMA-S CrmA cells establish aggressive tumors, in contrast to RMA-S mock cells that are rejected. These results demonstrate that FLIPL and CrmA function as tumor progression factors by protecting MHC class I-deficient tumors from rejection mediated by NK cells. Moreover, our data indicate that death receptor-mediated apoptosis has a more prominent role in the clearance of NK-sensitive tumors than previously suggested.
Construction of The Arabic Phonological Short Term Memory Test on Egyptian Children

Background: Phonological short-term memory is a part of working memory, as working memory consists of four components: the central executive, the phonological loop, the visuo-spatial sketchpad and the episodic buffer. Aim of the work: To construct a valid and reliable test for assessment of phonological short-term memory, which can be applied in language child disorders as on specific language impaired children. This might help to clarify more points in their diagnosis and therefore to guide a better management. Subjects and methods: The subjects of the study were 2 groups: The first group consisted of 102 normal children between the ages of 4 to 8 years old, with average number of 25 children in each with 1 year age range. The second group included 31 specific language impaired children that were selected to match the control group as regard age and IQ level. The constructed test items were 17 in number. The test included the following items: digit span, syllable repetition ( for 1,2,3,4 syllables ), non-sense word repetition (NSWR) of (1,2,3 and 4 syllables),dissimilar word set recall (short word set recall of 1 and 2 syllables, long word set recall of 3 and 4 syllables) and lastly similar word set recall (of 1,2,3 and 4 syllables). Results: Reliability of the test was measured by test re-test, alpha Cronbach and split half method. Validity of the test was also measured using internal consistency, contrasted group validity and factorial validity. Conclusion: The constructed test for measuring phonological short-term memory (PSTM) showed high reliability and validity and could be used on Arabic speaking children from 4 years to 8 years of age.
INCREASING STUDENTS’ ENGAGEMENT IN LISTENING THROUGH STRATEGY-BASED INSTRUCTION

Strategy-based instruction is believed to able to improve students’ involvement in learning, including learning listening. Unfortunately, the lack concept of the instruction and the less training that the students have causes them still struggling in learning listening. This research report is aimed at investigating the effectiveness of using strategy-based instruction in term of students’ involvement and students’ comprehension in listening. This is a classroom action research of which the researcher and the teacher worked collaborately in implementing the strategy-based instruction. The research was done in two cycles of which each cycle was realized in three meetings. The data were collected using questionnaire and test. The finding suggests that the strategy-based instruction improve students’ learning in term of involvement and comprehension. The involvement in learning listening raised in all aspects of strategies which include cognitive, metacognitive and socio-affective strategies which reaches 30,3%. The improvement in term of involvement also affects the improvement in students’ comprehension from the average of 47 in the beginning of the study to 73 or 53% at the end of the. Key words: Students engagement, learning strategy, strategy based instruction
Design and Implementation of Area and Power Efficient Embedded Transition Inversion Coding For Serial Links

Advanced silicon technology offers possibility of integrating hundreds of millions of transistor into a single chip, which makes system on chip (SoC) design possible. With the continuous scaling of silicon technology, area and power dissipation of interconnects are one of the main bottlenecks for both on chip and off chip buses. Multiplexing parallel buses into a serial link enables an improvement in terms of reducing interconnect area, coupling capacitance and crosstalk, but it may increase the overall switching activity and energy dissipation. Therefore, and efficient coding method that reduce the switching activity is an important in serial interconnect design. Embedded Transition Inversion (ETI) is the coding method that reduces the switching activity and energy dissipation. Area is one of the important objective in integrated circuits. The main of this paper is reduce the area in ETI coding architecture. In this proposed method Alexander Phase Detector is replaced by Hogge Phase Detector. The proposed system done by using Xilinx 13.2 and ModelSim software to get efficient output. The proposed system result analysis shows better than the existing method.
Hemodynamic observations of tumo yoga practitioners in a Himalayan environment.

BACKGROUND Few attempts have been made to evaluate the physiology of traditional Eastern health practices. The goal of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of the mysterious Buddhist practice of tumo. Tumo is a meditative practice that produces inner heat through the alleged cultivation of body energy-channels. METHODS This study was performed by members of an international expedition to the Himalayan Mountains in the Republic of India. The study was performed in an unpopulated outdoor mountainous area at an altitude of 16,400 ft with ambient temperatures between -10 and -15(°)C. Two (2) cohorts of subjects were studied: healthy non-yogi volunteers and tumo practitioners. All of the subjects were stripped down to their underclothes and exposed to the subzero atmospheric temperatures for 5 minutes. The volunteers were then passively rewarmed while the tumo practitioners performed tumo for up to 10 minutes. Blood pressure, heart rate, and stroke volume index (SVI) and cardiac index were measured noninvasively using a NICOM™ hemodynamic monitor, while carotid blood flow and biventricular performance were determined echocardiographically at each stage of the experiment. The total peripheral resistance index (TPRI), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) were determined using standard formula. RESULTS Fourteen (14) subjects (six volunteers and eight tumo practitioners) completed the study. There was one female subject in each group. With cold exposure, the SVI and carotid blood flow decreased while the TPRI increased significantly in both groups. In the volunteer group, these changes retuned to baseline with rewarming. Following tumo, the cardiac index (4.8±0.6 versus 4.0±0.5 l/m(2); p<0.01), carotid blood flow (445±127 versus 325±100 mL/min/m(2), p<0.01), LVEF (68±5 versus 64±7%; p<0.05) and TAPSE (2.9±0.4 versus 2.4±0.5 cm; p<0.01) were significantly higher when compared with baseline, while the TPRI was significantly lower (1786±189 versus 2173±281; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Tumo was associated with a hyperdynamic vasodilated state with increased biventricular performance. We postulate that tumo results in a massive increase in sympathetic activity with activation of brown adipose tissue and marked heat production. The increased heat production may explain the paradoxical vasodilatation in tumo practitioners exposed to subzero temperatures.