Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceptual asymmetries and handedness: a neglected link?

Healthy individuals tend to weigh in more the left than the right side of visual space in a variety of contexts, ranging from pseudoneglect to perceptual asymmetries for faces. Among the common explanations proposed for the attentional and perceptual advantages of the left visual field, a link with the prevalence of right-handedness in humans has never been suggested, although some evidence seems to converge in favor of a bias of spatial attention toward the region most likely coincident with another person’s right hand during a face-to-face interaction. Such a bias might imply an increased efficiency in monitoring both communicative and aggressive acts, the right limb being more used than the left in both types of behavior. Although attentional and perceptual asymmetries could be linked to right-handedness at the level of phylogeny because of the evolutionarily advantage of directing attention toward the region where others’ dominant hand usually operates, it is also legitimate to question whether, at the ontogenetic level, frequent exposure to right-handed individuals may foster leftward biases. These views are discussed in the light of extant literature, and a number of tests are proposed in order to assess our hypotheses.
Probing beyond the Epoch of Hydrogen Reionization with 21 Centimeter Radiation

We use numerical simulations of hydrogen reionization by stellar sources in the context of ΛCDM cosmogonies to investigate the 21 (1 + z) cm radio signal expected from the diffuse intergalactic medium (IGM) prior to the epoch of reionization breakthrough at redshift zion. Two reionization scenarios are analyzed in detail: an "early reionization" case with zion ≈ 13, consistent with the recent discovery by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) satellite of a large optical depth to Thomson scattering, and a "late reionization" case with zion ≈ 8. It is a generic prediction of these models that the background of Lyα photons produced by the early generation of stars which ultimately ionize the universe will be sufficiently intense to make intergalactic neutral hydrogen visible against the cosmic microwave background during the "gray age," i.e., zion ≲ z ≲ 20. Depending on the redshift of reionization breakthrough, broad-beam observations at frequencies ≲150 MHz (below 100 MHz for the early reionization scenario) with the next generation of radio telescopes should reveal angular fluctuations in the sky brightness temperature in the range 5-20 mK (1 σ) on scales below 5'.
Review Essay: “It’s the Politics, Stupid!”

This review essay analyzes the 2007 books of Naomi Klein and Robert B. Reich. Both books identify a political role for the private corporation in contemporary capitalism globally. The review article concludes with some remarks on the implication of both books for a future research agenda in management studies in general and the business and society field in particular.
SECURED LANDFILLS FOR DISPOSAL OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

A landfill is a facility which is designed for the safe disposal of solid wastes. The bottom liners and a top Cover, of the landfill are considered as the most critical components. Penetration of Leachate in to the soil is the major problem in landfills. For existing landfills the main factor affecting the quality of liners/covers is its permeability which should not be greater than 1.0×10 –9 m/sec. Alternative materials which can be used as liners are compacted ball clay, vitrified ceramic tiles, limestone slabs which have permeability relatively less compared to compacted clay. The compacted ball clay in the form of tiles (green) had undergone heavy compaction which in turn reduces permeability and the thickness of the liners/covers. By reducing the thickness of liners more amount of municipal solid waste can be accommodated. Usage of alternative materials will reduce the overall thickness of liner system by about 40-50cm
Culture Traits, Strength, and Organizational Performance: Moving Beyond “Strong” Culture

It is reasonable to expect that a phenomenon as pervasive as organizational culture affects organizational performance. “Strong” culture models, however, oversimplify the relationship. If scholars are to accurately analyze culture-performance links, they must combine more appropriate measures of culture's impact with careful attention to intrinsically cultural performance-related organizational processes.
Why behavior should matter to linguists

Abstract: Jackendoff’s Foundations of Language: Brain, Meaning, Gram-mar, Evolution has many points of similarity with Skinner’s analysis of ver-bal behavior, though the former emphasizes structure whereas the latteremphasizes function. The parallels are explored in the context of a selec-tionist account of behavior in general and of verbal behavior in particular.Part of the argument is that behavior drives evolution and therefore alsodrives brain organization. Another concerns itself with the nature of ex-planation. Recent experimental developments in behavior analysis are re-viewed as potential contributions to an understanding of language that in-corporates its functional as well as structural dimensions. It is easy to see where the constructive collaboration Jackendoffinvites in his Preface (Jackendoff 2002) can be offered; but to pre-sent the relevant material within brief compass is hard. Despitemany affinities outlined below, I argue that more is to be gainedby focusing on how linguistic structures can be illuminated by be-havioral functions than by using linguistic structures to illuminatehypothetical brain mechanisms.It helps that Jackendoff places his account firmly within an evolutionary context, because evolution is driven by behavior.Whether an organism survives and reproduces depends on whatit can do and the conditions under which it does it. Its environ-ment consists not only of the physical world but also members ofits own and other species. Its brains and muscles and other organsystems all evolved in the service of its behavior. Therefore, it is areasonable proposition that behavior drives brain structure, notonly through evolutionary contingencies that select behaving or-ganisms with certain kinds of brains, but also through environ-mental contingencies that shape different patterns of behaviorand alter brains within the lifetimes of individuals. Jackendoff ac-knowledges this when he states that “perceptual systems haveevolved in order that organisms may act reliably in the real world”(p. 308).
On Defining Musculoskeletal Inflammation: A Report from the GRAPPA 2011 Annual Meeting

At the 2011 annual meeting of the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA), members discussed the need to develop a framework for defining inflammatory arthritis, enthesitis, dactylitis, and spondylitis, particularly as they relate to psoriatic arthritis (PsA). GRAPPA members first addressed this subject at their 2010 meeting, where the CASPAR (ClASsification of Psoriatic ARthritis) criteria were discussed. Although these are classification criteria, the CASPAR are also often applied as a diagnostic measure by clinicians screening for PsA, particularly its core criterion: recognizing the presence of inflammatory musculoskeletal disease. In breakout group discussions, GRAPPA members discussed the difficulties in recognizing overlapping or mimicking features that may result in underdiagnosing or misdiagnosing PsA.
Disappearance of hepatic cancer after intra-arterial fluorouracil.

The presence of cancer in the liver in nearly three-quarters of all patients who die from malignant neoplasms raises in itself considerable diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Systemic and regional chemotherapy have been used for both primary and secondary cancers of the liver (Sullivan and Zurek, 1965; Sullivan et al., 1967). Survival has not been obviously increased buc relief of pain has often been noted (Chan, 1967; Anderson, 1968; Provan et al., 1968). The precise nature of a hepatic growth in a patient under
Moist dynamics and orographic precipitation in northern and central California during the new Year's flood of 1997

Abstract The dynamics of moist orographic flows during the January 1997 floods in northern and central California are investigated using numerical simulations computed with the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU–NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5). Early in the event (31 December 1996–1 January 1997), the low-level winds offshore of California’s central coast were blocked by the topography of the Santa Lucia Range, and the low-level winds in the Central Valley were blocked by the topography of the central Sierra Nevada Range. In contrast, moisture-laden winds along the northern Coast Ranges and the northern Sierra Nevada flowed over topographic barriers. As the core of humid air migrated to the south over 24 h, the low-level barrier jets weakened as the atmospheric stability decreased, bringing heavy rainfall to the central and southern Sierra Nevada at the end of the event. The heavy precipitation during this event was largely controlled by the interactio.
Disentangling Media Effects from Debate Effects: The Presentation Mode of Televised Debates and Viewer Decision Making

This experiment examines whether the presentation mode of televised debates impacts how viewers assess the issues debated. Participants were exposed to a segment of televised debate on either a single- or split-screen. Candidate character and party attachment were more important in how viewers formed opinions of the debated issue with the split-screen than with the single-screen. On the other hand, in the split-screen condition, viewers relied less on pre-existing notions when forming opinions of the debated issue than they did with the single-screen condition. Such modality effects were particularly pronounced for those with low-levels of political attentiveness.
Children of Grainger: Leather Instruments for Free Music

Grainger's Free Music remains a rich source of discovery for contemporary Australian musicians. Free Music represents a significant departure point for electronic musicians and instrument makers searching for new musical language, form and expression. This paper presents research undertaken by the Bent Leather Band exploring Grainger's Free Music ideas within a 21st century music-making context embracing live improvisation, instrument and software design. Research outcomes presented in this paper includes a range of creative works; meta-serpent wind controllers, the 4th generation of the light-harp controller, new MAX-based software engines for signal processing, control-modes and strategies for the instruments and music including Bent Leather Band's latest collection of works "Children of Grainger". This paper discusses technical issues confronting the contemporary electronic instrument builder and presents Bent Leather Band's aim to develop playable instruments.
A Self-Consistent Numerical Method for Calculation of Steady-State Characteristics of Traveling-Wave and Reflective SOAs

This paper presents a detailed numerical model of reflective and traveling-wave semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), based on a self-consistent iteration method. The method is fully transparent to the input parameters and provides stable and efficient convergence of all relevant SOA variables as long as the sufficient number of previous iterations is taken into account. The model accounts for the detailed spectral and carrier density dependence of the radiative recombination rate, material gain, refractive index, and confinement factor. The analysis of unstrained bulk and strained multi-quantum well polarization insensitive SOAs based on this model provides a deep and detailed insight into the device internal state, confirming that spectral and carrier density material dependencies critically influence the modeling results.
Myostatin reduces Akt/TORC1/p70S6K signaling, inhibiting myoblast differentiation and myotube size.

Myostatin is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle size, previously shown to inhibit muscle cell differentiation. Myostatin requires both Smad2 and Smad3 downstream of the activin receptor II (ActRII)/activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) receptor complex. Other transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-like molecules can also block differentiation, including TGF-beta(1), growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF-11), activins, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and BMP-7. Myostatin inhibits activation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6 protein synthesis pathway, which mediates both differentiation in myoblasts and hypertrophy in myotubes. Blockade of the Akt/mTOR pathway, using small interfering RNA to regulatory-associated protein of mTOR (RAPTOR), a component of TOR signaling complex 1 (TORC1), increases myostatin-induced phosphorylation of Smad2, establishing a myostatin signaling-amplification role for blockade of Akt. Blockade of RAPTOR also facilitates myostatin's inhibition of muscle differentiation. Inhibition of TORC2, via rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (RICTOR), is sufficient to inhibit differentiation on its own. Furthermore, myostatin decreases the diameter of postdifferentiated myotubes. However, rather than causing upregulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligases muscle RING-finger 1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx), previously shown to mediate skeletal muscle atrophy, myostatin decreases expression of these atrophy markers in differentiated myotubes, as well as other genes normally upregulated during differentiation. These findings demonstrate that myostatin signaling acts by blocking genes induced during differentiation, even in a myotube, as opposed to activating the distinct "atrophy program. " In vivo, inhibition of myostatin increases muscle creatine kinase activity, coincident with an increase in muscle size, demonstrating that this in vitro differentiation measure is also upregulated in vivo.
Expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and ‐9 and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 and ‐2, in primary cultures of human prostatic stromal and epithelial cells * †

The production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by prostatic epithelial and/or neighboring stromal cells is considered to be a property that gives cells the capability to penetrate extracellular matrix barriers in normal or neoplastic growth. In order to examine the role of MMPs in the prostate, we evaluated the expression of MMP‐2 and ‐9 and the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)‐1 and ‐2 in primary cultures of prostatic stromal and epithelial cells. These cells were isolated from normal tissues of the different zones of the prostate, from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and from cancer. Stromal cells, regardless of tissue of origin, secreted the 72‐kDa proenzyme form of MMP‐2, whereas conditioned media (CM) from epithelial cells demonstrated little/no pro‐MMP‐2 as examined by zymography. Either type of cell did not secrete MMP‐9. RT‐PCR evaluation showed stromal cells expressed transcripts for MMP‐2, but not for MMP‐9. Transcripts for MMP‐9 were detected in epithelial cells, although no MMP‐9 activity was detected in their CM. Treatment of stromal cells with 1 or 10 ng/ml of transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) moderately increased secretion of pro‐MMP‐2 protein with little change in MMP‐2 RNA. However, treatment of epithelial cells with TGF‐β induced expression and secretion of both MMP‐2 and ‐9. The effect of TGF‐β on expression of MMPs by epithelial cells was not duplicated or affected by treatment with insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐1, epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Stromal cells expressed transcripts of both TIMP‐1 and ‐2. Epithelial cells expressed TIMP‐1, but little TIMP‐2. TGF‐β did not regulate the expression of TIMP‐1 or ‐2 in either stromal or epithelial cells. Our results suggest that the elevated levels of MMP‐2 and ‐9 observed in prostate development and cancer may be due to the elevated TGF‐β associated with these tissues. J. Cell. Physiol. 191: 208–216, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Subtractive Gene Expression Screen Suggests a Role of Transcription Factor AP-2α in Control of Proliferation and Differentiation*

The transcription factor AP-2α has been implicated as a cell type-specific regulator of gene expression during vertebrate embryogenesis based on its expression pattern in neural crest cells, ectoderm, and the nervous system in mouse and frog embryos. AP-2α is prominently expressed in cranial neural crest cells, a population of cells that migrate from the lateral margins of the brain plate during closure of the neural tube at day 8–9 of embryonic development. Homozygous AP-2α mutant mice die perinatally with cranio-abdominoschisis, full facial clefting, and defects in cranial ganglia and sensory organs, indicating the importance of this gene for proper development. By using a subtractive cloning approach, we identified a set of genes repressed by AP-2α that are described to retard cellular proliferation and induce differentiation and apoptosis. We show that these target genes are prematurely expressed in AP-2α mutant mice. One of the genes isolated, the Krüppel-box transcription factor KLF-4implicated in induction of terminal differentiation and growth regulation, is found expressed in mutant embryonic fibroblasts. We show that fibroblasts lacking AP-2α display retarded growth but no enhanced apoptosis. Based on these data we suggest thatAP-2α might be required for cell proliferation by suppression of genes inducing terminal differentiation, apoptosis, and growth retardation.
Shift-invariant representation of two periodic system classes defined over doubly-infinite continuous time

This paper considers an isomorphism introduced by Bamieh et. al. in [1], to construct shift-invariant representations, over the same ‘time-lifted’ system class, for two classes of linear periodically time-varying (LPTV) systems. Specifically, we consider the class of finite-dimensional linear time-invariant (LTI) systems, characterised by a rational frequency-domain symbol, and a class of LPTV systems with sampled-data structure. Such systems appear together in problems of sampled-data approximation, for example. We study them here in terms of mappings between finite-energy signals defined over the doubly-infinite continuous-time axis (-∞,∞), which arises when working with the ν-gap metric to gauge approximation error for such problems. A complication within this context stems from the absence of an integral-operator input-output representation for every system in the LPTV classes considered. We resolve this issue by working with the graph representation of the systems involved.
Exploring the development of a protean career orientation: values and image violations

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the development of a protean career orientation. In doing so, the paper also aims to assess how work experience, parents and peer networks co‐influence the development of a protean career orientation.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses semi‐structured interviews with young adults and explores their past, present and future work and career experiences. They were also asked them to explain what career success meant to them. Interview transcripts were reviewed and coded based on two main categories representing protean orientation: self‐directed career management and the expression of personal values as a mechanism for career decisions. The paper also process mapped how a protean career orientation developed in the interviewees. Those who reported a protean career orientation were interviewed two‐and‐a‐half years later so as to further explore their career experiences and the extent to which self‐directedness and value congruence influenced career de.
Evidence-based practice: from medicine to social work

The last 10 years have witnessed an increasing interest in evidence-based practice in the field of medicine. The product of a time characterised by the explosion of information technology, a heightened sense of risk, and the enshrining of the principles of economy, effectiveness, transparency and consumerism, evidence-based practice has rapidly expanded from medicine to other fields, including social work. The new paradigm has generated not only great enthusiasm in many areas of the social work profession but also an intense debate about the transferability of the principles of evidence-based practice from medicine to a discipline that operates amidst particularly complex and multifaceted societal factors. Similarly, the concept of evidence upon which social work practice should be based has been the object of considerable discussion, though initial emphasis on results from randomised controlled trials seems to be gradually shifting towards broader approaches to defining evidence. Although organisational constraints and job pressures are likely to favour the use, among practitioners, of ‘preappraised’ resources, this should not prevent social workers from acquiring the skills and knowledge necessary to make independent and critical appraisal of evidence.
Dorsal Visual Pathway Changes in Patients with Comitant Extropia

Background Strabismus is a disorder in which the eyes are misaligned. Persistent strabismus can lead to stereopsis impairment. The effect of strabismus on human brain is not unclear. The present study is to investigate whether the brain white structures of comitant exotropia patients are impaired using combined T1-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Principal Findings Thirteen patients with comitant strabismus and twelve controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with acquisition of T1-weighted and diffusion tensor images. T1-weighted images were used to analyze the change in volume of white matter using optimized voxel-based morphology (VBM) and diffusion tensor images were used to detect the change in white matter fibers using voxel-based analysis of DTI in comitant extropia patients. VBM analysis showed that in adult strabismus, white matter volumes were smaller in the right middle occipital gyrus, right occipital lobe/cuneus, right supramarginal gyrus, right cingulate gyrus, right frontal lobe/sub-gyral, right inferior temporal gyrus, left parahippocampa gyrus, left cingulate gyrus, left occipital lobe/cuneus, left middle frontal gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, and left postcentral gyrus, while no brain region with greater white matter volume was found. Voxel-based analysis of DTI showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the right middle occipital gyrus and right supramarginal gyrus in strabismus patients, while brain region with increased FA value was found in the right inferior frontal gyrus. Conclusion By combining VBM and voxel-based analysis of DTI results, the study suggests that the dorsal visual pathway was abnormal or impaired in patients with comitant exotropia.
From within the thick of it: Human beings doing being human in languaged worlds

In this commentary I note that Lipari and Bertau want to assume that we live immersed in a flowing, stranded, agential reality in which no-“thing” is separate from any-“thing” else. Thus rather than being wholly in control of the unfolding processes of importance to us, we need to see ourselves as essentially living within dialogical and hermeneutical, back-and-forth relations with the others and othernesses around us. So although we may assume our understandings occur as a result of our “thoughts,” “ideas,” or “theories,” the fact is such nameable causal processes can only be seen as having been at work in people’s performances after they have been performed. Something else altogether guides us in the performance of our actions than the nameable “things” whose nature we currently seek to discover in our inquiries. Both Lipari and Bertau go a long way towards describing the nature of this “something else. ”