Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distinct mechanisms underlie oral vs aboral regeneration in the cnidarian Hydractinia echinata

Cnidarians possess remarkable powers of regeneration, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this capability are unclear. Studying the hydrozoan Hydractinia echinata we show that a burst of stem cell proliferation occurs following decapitation, forming a blastema at the oral pole within 24 hr. This process is necessary for head regeneration. Knocking down Piwi1, Vasa, Pl10 or Ncol1 expressed by blastema cells inhibited regeneration but not blastema formation. EdU pulse-chase experiments and in vivo tracking of individual transgenic Piwi1+ stem cells showed that the cellular source for blastema formation is migration of stem cells from a remote area. Surprisingly, no blastema developed at the aboral pole after stolon removal. Instead, polyps transformed into stolons and then budded polyps. Hence, distinct mechanisms act to regenerate different body parts in Hydractinia. This model, where stem cell behavior can be monitored in vivo at single cell resolution, offers new insights for regenerative biology. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.05506. 001
Identification of strain heterogeneities arising during deformation of ice

Abstract Creep tests carried out on specimens of isotropic ice containing a monocrystalline inclusion allow us to observe some strain heterogeneities that develop during the deformation of polycrystalline ice. Different kinds of heterogeneities, some of them leading to strain localization, are observed and described, and mechanisms are proposed to explain how they arise. However, when the inclusion has a very regular shape with no geometric singularity (e.g. circular shape) and is embedded in a fine-grained isotropic matrix, the observations lead us to assume homogeneous deformation of the inclusion, with no strain localization except that associated with basal glide.
Evolution of the Nile deep‐sea turbidite system during the Late Quaternary: influence of climate change on fan sedimentation

This paper presents an overview of the evolution of the Nile deep‐sea turbidite system during the last 200 kyr, over a series of glacial to interglacial cycles. Six individual deep‐sea fans were identified from an extensive field data set. Each fan comprises a canyon, channel system and terminal lobes. Two of these fan systems were possibly active at the same time, at least during some periods. Large‐scale slope failures destroyed channel segments and caused the formation of new submarine fan systems. These slope failures thus played an important role in the overall evolution of the turbidite system. During the last glacial maximum (ca 25 to 14·8 ka) the central and eastern parts of the Nile deep‐sea turbidite system were relatively inactive. This inactivity corresponds to a lowstand in sea‐level, and a period of arid climate and relatively low sediment discharge from the Nile fluvial system. Rapid accumulation of fluvial flood‐derived deposits occurred across the shallower part of the submarine delta during sea‐level rise between ca 14·8 and 5 ka. The most recent deep‐sea channel–lobe system was very active during this period of rising sea‐level, which is also associated with a wetter continental climate and increased sediment and water discharge from the Nile. Increased sediment deposition in shallower water areas led to occasional large‐scale slope failure. The Nile deep‐sea turbidite system was largely inactive after ca 5 ka. This widespread inactivity is due to retreat of the coastline away from the continental shelf break, and to a more arid continental climate and reduced discharge of sediment from the Nile. The Nile deep‐sea turbidite system may be more active during periods of rising and high sea‐level associated with wetter climates, than during lowstands, and may rapidly become largely inactive during highstands in sea‐level coupled with arid periods. These acute responses to climate change have produced sedimentary/stratigraphic features that diverge from traditional sequence models in their nature and timing. This large‐scale sedimentary system responded to monsoon‐driven climate change and sea‐level change in a system‐wide and contemporaneous manner.
Major neotectonic features of eastern Marmara region, Turkey: development of the Adapazarı–Karasu corridor and its tectonic significance

Eastern Marmara region consists of three different morphotectonic units: Thrace–Kocaeli Peneplain (TKP) and Çamdağ–Akçakoca Highland (ÇAH) in the north, and Armutlu–Almacık Highland in the south of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ). The geologic‐morphologic data and seismic profiles from the Sakarya River offshore indicate that the boundary between the TKP in the west and ÇAH in the east is a previously unrecognized major NNE–SSW‐trending strike‐slip fault zone with reverse component. The fault zone is a distinct morphotectonic corridor herein named the Adapazarı–Karasu corridor (AKC) that runs along the Sakarya River Valley and extends to its submarine canyon along the southern margin of the Black Sea in the north. It formed as a transfer fault zone between the TKP and ÇAH during the Late Miocene; the former has been experiencing extensional forces and the latter compressional forces since then. East–West‐trending segments of the NAFZ cuts the NE–SW‐trending AKC and their activity has resulted in the formation of a distinct fault‐bounded morphology, which is characterized by alternating E–W highlands and lowlands in the AKC. Furthermore, this activity has resulted in the downward motion of an ancient delta and submarine canyon of the Sakarya River in the northern block of the NAFZ below sea level so that the waters of the Black Sea invaded them. The NE–SW‐trending faults in the AKC were reactivated with the development of the NAFZ in the Late Pliocene, which then caused block motions and microseismic activities throughout the AKC. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmospheric histories and growth trends of C 4 F 10 , C 5 F 12 , C 6 F 14 , C 7 F 16 and C 8 F 18

Atmospheric observations and trends are presented for the high molecular weight perfluorocarbons (PFCs): decafluorobutane (C 4F10), dodecafluoropentane (C5F12), tetradecafluorohexane (C 6F14), hexadecafluoroheptane (C7F16) and octadecafluorooctane (C 8F18). Their atmospheric histories are based on measurements of 36 Northern Hemisphere and 46 Southern Hemisphere archived air samples collected between 1973 to 2011 using the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) “Medusa” preconcentration gas chromatography-mass spectrometry systems. A new calibration scale was prepared for each PFC, with estimated accuracies of 6.8 % for C 4F10, 7.8 % for C5F12, 4.0 % for C6F14, 6.6 % for C7F16 and 7.9 % for C8F18. Based on our observations the 2011 globally averaged dry air mole fractions of these heavy PFCs are: 0.17 parts-per-trillion (ppt, i.e., parts per 10 12) for C4F10, 0.12 ppt for C5F12, 0.27 ppt for C6F14, 0.12 ppt for C7F16 and 0.09 ppt for C8F18. These atmospheric mole fractions combine to contribute to a global average radiative forcing of 0.35 mW m−2, which is 6 % of the total anthropogenic PFC radiative forcing ( Montzka and Reimann , 2011; Oram et al., 2012). The growth rates of the heavy perfluorocarbons were largest in the late 1990s peaking at 6.2 parts per quadrillion (ppq, i.e., parts per 10 15) per year (yr) for C4F10, at 5.0 ppq yr −1 for C5F12 and 16.6 ppq yr −1 for C6F14 and in the early 1990s for C 7F16 at 4.7 ppq yr −1 and in the mid 1990s for C8F18 at 4.8 ppq yr −1. The 2011 globally averaged mean atmospheric growth rates of these PFCs are subsequently lower at 2.2 ppq yr −1 for C4F10, 1.4 ppq yr −1 for C5F12, 5.0 ppq yr −1 for C6F14, 3.4 ppq yr −1 for C7F16 and 0.9 ppq yr−1 for C8F18. The more recent slowdown in the growth rates suggests that emissions are declining as compared to the 1980s and 1990s.
International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology

Teachers and principals’ perception toward the change of curriculum makes various controversies in the implementation of teaching and learning in schools. The objective of this research is to find out how far the reaction of teachers and principals to respond the change of KTSP Curriculum into 2013 Curriculum (KURTILAS). 20 teachers and principals (10 teachers and 10 principals) become the respondents. The method of this research is conducted on qualitative approach because the instrument in the research is the researches themselves. The technique in collecting the data is conducted through emails’ questionnaire in two rounds. In this research, the data collection is conducted on two rounds. After the first round, the instrument given to the respondents and researchers looked into the answers from the respondents, and then researchers gave additional questions to them on the second round in order to deepen and clarified the questions from the first round. The subjects of the research are teachers and principals who already implemented 2013 Curriculum in their schools. The technique in analyzing the data is conducted on descriptive qualitative approaches by collecting, reducing and presenting the data, and makes the conclusion. The outcomes of this research shown that teachers and principals need socialization and training, start from organizing the administration of learning, learning models, and scoring model especially about giving score in attitude on 2013 Curriculum.
Determination of Shape of Kaolin Pigment Particles

Abstract Characterization of platiness of kaolin pigments was derived from the divergence of measurements of their particle size distribution by two different techniques: sedimentation and light scattering. A numerical shape factor, which is related to the ratio of kaolin particle face diameter to its thickness, can be calculated to provide a quantitative measure of such platiness. Two sets of kaolin pigments were prepared from a Middle Georgia kaolin: delaminated and non-delaminated. Shape factors of delaminated samples were higher than those of non-delaminated ones. Maximum platiness was found between equivalent volume diameters of 1·0 and 2·0 μm. Examples are presented where properties of coated paper are correlated with the size and shape of kaolin pigments.
Errors in Essays of Technical University Students: A Case Study at Sunyani Technical University

: Making grammatical errors is a common part of learning a second language. This study examines grammatical errors committed by English as second language (ESL) learners of Sunyani Technical University in Ghana. The population used is year-one students from the Faculty of Built Environment and Applied Art. 46 written essays between 150 to 200-word long were included in the analysis. As a qualitative study with descriptive method, it adopted Corder’s (1967) and Ellis (1997) steps of error analysis, which include identifying, classifying, describing, and explaining errors in the essays to ascertain (1) the types of grammatical errors made, (2) the frequency of these errors. The results include 866 grammatical errors in the following order of frequencies: punctuation errors (24.48%), capitalization problem (20.21%), inappropriate word choice (19.75%), incorrect spelling (11.89%), incorrect verb form (6.70%), wrong preposition (4.39%), subject-verb disagreement (3.93%), article errors (3.93%), number disagreement (3.00%), and incorrect verb tense (1.73%). The study has implications for the teaching of English writing with reference to grammatical competence. It informs the areas of grammar that require more attention and the need to adapt teaching strategies to improve students’ grammatical competence.
The effects of lifestyle change on indicators of cardiometabolic health in semi-nomadic pastoralists

Abstract Background and objectives Non-communicable disease risk and the epidemic of cardiometabolic diseases continue to grow across the expanding industrialized world. Probing the relationships between evolved human physiology and modern socioecological conditions is central to understanding this health crisis. Therefore, we investigated the relationships between increased market access, shifting subsistence patterns and cardiometabolic health indicators within Daasanach semi-nomadic pastoralists who vary in their engagement in traditional lifestyle and emerging market behaviors. Methodology We conducted cross-sectional socioecological, demographic and lifestyle stressor surveys along with health, biomarker and nutrition examinations among 225 (51.6% female) Daasanach adults in 2019–2020. We used linear mixed-effects models to test how differing levels of engagement in market integration and traditional subsistence activities related to blood pressure (BP), body composition and blood chemistry. Results We found that systolic and diastolic BP, as well as the probability of having high BP (hypertension), were negatively associated with distance to market, a proxy for market integration. Additionally, body composition varied significantly by socioeconomic status (SES), with significant positive associations between BMI and body fat and higher SES among adults. Conclusions and implications While evidence for evolutionary mismatch and health variation have been found across a number of populations affected by an urban/rural divide, these results demonstrate the effects of market integration and sedentarization on cardiometabolic health associated with the early stages of lifestyle changes. Our findings provide evidence for the changes in health when small-scale populations begin the processes of sedentarization and market integration that result from myriad market pressures.
The influence of Nunataks on atmospheric boundary layer convection during summer in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

The effects of nunataks on temperature profiles and wind patterns are studied using simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Simulations are compared to hourly observations from an automatic weather station located at the Troll Research Station in Dronning Maud Land. Areas of bare ground have been implemented in the model, and the simulations correspond well with meteorological measurements acquired during the 4 day simulation period. The nunataks are radiatively heated during daytime, and free convection occurs in the overlying atmospheric boundary layer. The inflow below the updraft forces strong horizontal convergence at the surface, whereas weaker divergence appears aloft. In a control run with a completely ice‐covered surface, the convection is absent. In situ observations carried out by a remotely controlled balloon and a small model airplane compare well with model temperature profiles, but these are only available over the ice field upwind to the nunatak.
A compact snapshot multispectral imager with a monolithically integrated per-pixel filter mosaic

The adoption of spectral imaging by industry has so far been limited due to the lack of high speed, low cost and compact spectral cameras. Moreover most state-of-the-art spectral cameras utilize some form of spatial or spectral scanning during acquisition, making them ill-suited for analyzing dynamic scenes containing movement. This paper introduces a novel snapshot multispectral imager concept based on optical filters monolithically integrated on top of a standard CMOS image sensor. It overcomes the problems mentioned for scanning applications by snapshot acquisition, where an entire multispectral data cube is sensed at one discrete point in time. This is enabled by depositing interference filters per pixel directly on a CMOS image sensor, extending the traditional Bayer color imaging concept to multi- or hyperspectral imaging without a need for dedicated fore-optics. The monolithic deposition leads to a high degree of design flexibility. This enables systems ranging from application-specific, high spatial resolution cameras with 1 to 4 spectral filters, to hyperspectral snapshot cameras at medium spatial resolutions and filters laid out in cells of 4x4 to 6x6 or more. Through the use of monolithically integrated optical filters it further retains the qualities of compactness, low cost and high acquisition speed, differentiating it from other snapshot spectral cameras.
Imaging through Gas-Filled Sediments with Land 3C Seismic Data

B022 Imaging through Gas-Filled Sediments with Land 3C Seismic Data Y. Li* (BGP) P. Sun (BGP) D. Tang (BGP) Y. He (BGP) H. Chen (BGP) & Y. Yue (BGP) SUMMARY It has been proved in many 4C OBC cases that gas cloud imaging can be improved with converted wave (Li et al. 2001) but few cases have been demonstrated in land 3-C exploration. This paper shows how multi-component (3-C) land data with dynamite source is used to image sub-gas-cloud sediments in CS gas field China. The conventional P-wave data provides unreliable structural images and the interpretation is dubious in an
RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA USING A FAMILY OF PROPORTIONAL AND ADDITIVE HAZARD FUNCTIONS.

The growing debate on regulation in the work place calls for an improvement in the analytic techniques used to assess occupational risks and mortality. The intent of this article is to investigate a family of hazard models that may be employed in this effort. The underlying problem is first placed in context with a discussion of risk attitudes and the dangers of exposure. Next, proportional and additive hazard models are introduced which combine a standard (but unknown) hazard function with a set of explanatory variables. The family is developed with the aid of a parameterized link function, while maximum likelihood is used to obtain coefficient estimates. After describing the methodology an application is given for the case where only two samples of grouped data are available. A related example is then worked out using survival data collected on persons employed in the asbestos processing industry. The results confirm both the flexibility and sensitivity of the approach while leaving open the possibility of further refinements. When an activity or substance is deemed risky, implicit in the judgement is the likelihood that exposure will produce some amount of harm or damage. Accordingly, risk can be defined as the probability of incurring a unit loss per unit time [1], where loss may be measured in terms of injuries, monetary penalties, or total social costs. This definition then involves the integration of probability of occurrences, the severity or magnitude of the exposure or event, and the range of resultant personal injuries and related costs. The determination of insurance premiums for workers engaged in dangerous occupations such as coal mining illustrates these components. Rate structures are based on the frequency of accidents, the distribution and size of their occurrence, and the
Catchment hydrologic response with a fully distributed triangulated irregular network model

This study explores various aspects of catchment hydrology based on a mechanistic modeling of distributed watershed processes. A new physics‐based, distributed‐parameter hydrological model that uses an irregular spatial discretization is introduced. The model accounts, on a continuous basis, for the processes of rainfall interception, evapotranspiration, moisture dynamics in the unsaturated and saturated zones, and runoff routing. Simulations of several mid‐ to large‐sized watersheds (∼103 km2) highlight various dynamic relationships between the vadose zone–groundwater processes and their dependence on the land surface characteristics. It is argued that the model inferences can be used for interpretation of distributed relationships in a catchment. By exploiting a multiple‐resolution representation, the hydrologic features of the watershed terrain are captured with only 5–10% of the original grid nodes. This computational efficiency suggests the feasibility of the operational use of fully distributed, physics‐based models for large watersheds.
A General Circulation Model for Upper Ocean Simulation

Abstract A general circulation model (GCM) of the ocean that emphasizes the simulation of the upper ocean has been developed. This emphasis is in keeping with its future intent, that of an air-sea coupled model. The basic model is the primitive equation model of Bryan and Cox with the additions, of optional usage, of the Mellor-Yamada level 2.5 turbulence closure scheme and horizontal nonlinear viscosity. These modifications are intended to improve the upper ocean simulations, particularly sea surface temperature and heat content. The horizontal grid spacing is 1° latitude × 1° longitude and is global in domain. The equatorial region between 10°N and 10°S is further refined in the north–south direction to ⅓° resolution. There are 12 vertical levels, with six levels in the top 70 m. The model incorporates varying bottom topography. Prior to coupling the ocean model to an atmospheric GCM, experiments have been carried out to determine the ocean GCM's performance using atmospheric forcing from observed data.
Mapping Technological Trajectories as Patent citation Networks: a Study on the History of Fuel Cell Research

Technological change is argued to be taking place along ordered and selective patterns, shaped jointly by technological and scientific principles, and economic and other societal factors. Historical, descriptive analysis is often used to analyze these "trajectories". Recently, quantitative methods have been proposed to map these trajectories. It is argued that such methods have, so far, not been able to illuminate the engineering side of technological trajectories. In order to fill this gap, a methodology proposed by Hummon and Doreian (1989) is used and extended to undertake a citation analysis of patents in the field of fuel cells.
Visible and near‐infrared diffuse reflectance spectra of pyroxenes as applied to remote sensing of solid objects in the solar system

Spin-allowed Fe2+ absorption bands occur in the visible and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectra of most pyroxenes. The wavelengths of the bands centered near 1 μm and 2 μm vary as functions of pyroxene composition, making possible mineralogical and chemical deductions based on spectral reflectance curves. Typically, pyroxene bands are well developed in relation to absorption features in the spectra of other rock-forming minerals and glass; thus pyroxene often dominates the spectral curves of pyroxene-bearing rocks. Telescopic spectra of the moon and some other solar system objects contain absorption features that can be interpreted in terms of pyroxenes mixed with other minerals and/or glass.
Relationship between satellite‐observed cold water along the Primorye coast and sea ice in the East Sea (the Sea of Japan)

The relationship between cold surface water along the Primorye coast and sea ice in the Tatar Strait of the northern East Sea (the Sea of Japan) is examined by analyzing sea surface temperatures (SST) from NOAA/AVHRR, sea ice concentrations from SSM/I, wind vectors from QuikSCAT, and position data from satellite‐tracked drifting buoys. Relatively low SSTs along the Primorye coast in spring and early summer are attributed to sea ice melted water advected to the southwest as the Liman Cold Current (LCC). Monthly to year‐to‐year variations of SSTs along the Primorye coast in spring and early summer are negatively correlated with those of the sea ice concentration in the Tatar Strait during the previous winter. Translational speeds from the surface drifter and SST anomalies demonstrate that the LCC significantly varies by 2–18 km/day both in space and time.