Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Filtering With Random Finite Set Observations

This paper presents a novel and mathematically rigorous Bayes' recursion for tracking a target that generates multiple measurements with state dependent sensor field of view and clutter. Our Bayesian formulation is mathematically well-founded due to our use of a consistent likelihood function derived from random finite set theory. It is established that under certain assumptions, the proposed Bayes' recursion reduces to the cardinalized probability hypothesis density (CPHD) recursion for a single target. A particle implementation of the proposed recursion is given. Under linear Gaussian and constant sensor field of view assumptions, an exact closed-form solution to the proposed recursion is derived, and efficient implementations are given. Extensions of the closed-form recursion to accommodate mild nonlinearities are also given using linearization and unscented transforms.
Immune activation by epidermal growth factor receptor specific monoclonal antibody therapy for head and neck cancer.

OBJECTIVE To determine if the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) cetuximab or panitumumab mediate in vitro immune activation against squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) cell lines. DESIGN In vitro study. SETTING Basic science research laboratory. INTERVENTION Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck cell lines were treated with the Food and Drug Administration-approved EGFR-specific mAbs cetuximab or panitumumab in the presence or absence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cetuximab and panitumumab were compared in terms of their cytotoxic effects, ability to induce apoptosis, bind to EGFR, and block phosphorylation of this receptor in SCCHN cell lines. RESULTS We demonstrate that both cetuximab and panitumumab have similar levels of EGFR binding, induction of apoptosis, cell lysis, and inhibition of phospho-EGFR in SCCHN cell lines, suggesting similar direct effects. However, neither of these mAbs demonstrated in vitro antitumor activity when used alone. In contrast, in the presence of peripheral blood lymphocytes, either of them can mediate antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity in vitro when used in doses similar to those found in patients receiving them clinically. CONCLUSION We propose that antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity may constitute an important antitumor mechanism that could contribute to overall clinical effectiveness of EGFR-specific antibodies.
Achieving optimal revenues in dynamically priced network services with QoS guarantees

We have previously proposed the use of dynamically priced network services to provide QoS guarantees within a network. End-to-end QoS can be achieved by concatenating several of these services, perhaps from different ISPs. In this paper we consider the problem of a single ISP determining the bandwidth to allocate to each service, and on which path, in order to maximize revenue while guaranteeing end-to-end QoS. No knowledge of demand functions is assumed. Optimal allocation of bandwidth to services is first considered, where services are assumed to be routed on predetermined paths. We define the Iterative Allocation Adjustment heuristic, based on the concepts of tatonnement, which, through simulation, is shown to achieve over 95% of the optimal revenue for an ISP. We also examine how to value the links in the network to identify rerouting possibilities, or possible routes for new services, in order to improve the revenue of an ISP.
Cancers of unknown primary site: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.

K. Fizazi1, F. A. Greco2, N. Pavlidis3, G. Daugaard4, K. Oien5 & G. Pentheroudakis3, on behalf of the ESMO Guidelines Committee* Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, France; Tennessee Oncology, Centennial Medical Center, Nashville, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; Department of Oncology 5073, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Glasgow, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, UK
Measurement Verification of Plane Wave Synthesis Technique Based on Multi-Probe MIMO-OTA Setup

Standardization work for MIMO OTA testing methods is currently ongoing, where a multi-probe anechoic chamber based solution is an important candidate. In this paper, the probes located on an OTA ring are used to synthesize a plane wave field in the center of the OTA ring. This paper investigates the extent to which we can approach the synthesized plane wave in practical measurement systems. Both single plane wave with certain AoA and multiple plane waves with different AoAs and power weightings are synthesized and measured. Deviations of the measured plane wave and the simulated plane wave field are presented in terms of phase and power. Possible reasons for the deviations are also investigated.
Engineered Cementitious Composites with High-Volume Fly Ash

Engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) are a breed of high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (HPFRCC) with significant strain-hardening behavior under tension. As ECCs impart ductility and durability to the structure, the high cement usage in the mixture causes environmental and economical impacts. In this paper, the mechanical performance of ECCs incorporating high volume fly ash and bottom ash is reported. Emphasis is placed on the influence of fly ash content on the key micromechanics properties relevant to composite ductility. It is revealed that a high volume faction of fly ash tends to reduce the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)fiber/matrix interface bond and matrix toughness in favor of attaining high tensile strain capacity. The limit of cement substitution with ash is constrained by compressive strength development.
Neighbor Definition in P2P Networks

Neighborhood is a widely used and commonly understood concept in almost every network. Yet there is no formal clear definition of this concept for P2P networks. Here we present a conceptual and yet formal definition for neighborhood in P2P networks and will show that the definition will fit well in almost all its existing applications and definitions from other authors. The definition is mainly useful for unifying the various current definitions of neighborhood, classifying the protocols and comparing them
Rho signaling pathway and apical constriction in the early lens placode

Epithelial invagination in many model systems is driven by apical cell constriction, mediated by actin and myosin II contraction regulated by GTPase activity. Here we investigate apical constriction during chick lens placode invagination. Inhibition of actin polymerization and myosin II activity by cytochalasin D or blebbistatin prevents lens invagination. To further verify if lens placode invaginate through apical constriction, we analyzed the role of Rho‐ROCK pathway. Rho GTPases expression at the apical portion of the lens placode occurs with the same dynamics as that of the cytoskeleton. Overexpression of the pan‐Rho inhibitor C3 exotoxin abolished invagination and had a strong effect on apical myosin II enrichment and a mild effect on apical actin localization. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of ROCK activity interfered significantly with apical enrichment of both actin and myosin. These results suggest that apical constriction in lens invagination involves ROCK but apical concentration of actin and myosin are regulated through different pathways upstream of ROCK. genesis 49:368–379, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variable Latency Speculative Addition: A New Paradigm for Arithmetic Circuit Design

Adders are one of the key components in arithmetic circuits. Enhancing their performance can significantly improve the quality of arithmetic designs. This is the reason why the theoretical lower bounds on the delay and area of an adder have been analysed, and circuits with performance close to these bounds have been designed. In this paper, we present a novel adder design that is exponentially faster than traditional adders; however, it produces incorrect results, deterministically, for a very small fraction of input combinations. We have also constructed a reliable version of this adder that can detect and correct mistakes when they occur. This creates the possibility of a variable-latency adder that produces a correct result very fast with extremely high probability; however, in some rare cases when an error is detected, the correction term must be applied and the correct result is produced after some time. Since errors occur with extremely low probability, this new type of adder is significantly faster than state-of-the-art adders when the overall latency is averaged over many additions.
Gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI of the liver: part 1, protocol optimization and lesion appearance in the noncirrhotic liver.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to review the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of gadoxetate disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA), to describe a workflow-optimized pulse sequence protocol, and to illustrate the imaging appearance of focal lesions in the noncirrhotic liver. CONCLUSION Gd-EOB-DTPA allows a comprehensive evaluation of the liver with the acquisition of both dynamic and hepatocyte phase images. This provides potential additional information, especially for the detection and characterization of small liver lesions. However, protocol optimization is necessary for improved image quality and workflow.
$n$ -Dimensional Discrete Cat Map Generation Using Laplace Expansions

Different from existing methods that use matrix multiplications and have high computation complexity, this paper proposes an efficient generation method of n-dimensional (nD) Cat maps using Laplace expansions. New parameters are also introduced to control the spatial configurations of the nD Cat matrix. Thus, the proposed method provides an efficient way to mix dynamics of all dimensions at one time. To investigate its implementations and applications, we further introduce a fast implementation algorithm of the proposed method with time complexity O(n4) and a pseudorandom number generator using the Cat map generated by the proposed method. The experimental results show that, compared with existing generation methods, the proposed method has a larger parameter space and simpler algorithm complexity, generates nD Cat matrices with a lower inner correlation, and thus yields more random and unpredictable outputs of nD Cat maps.
High resolution SNOM probes

Development of nanotechnologies demands optical characterization and measurement techniques that yield information with resolutions well below the diffraction limit. This requires an increase of the resolution of scanning near-field optical microscopes (SNOMs) from 50-70 nm commercially available nowadays in the visible range, to beneficial 30 nm, where λ is the wavelength of light in free space. High resolution SNOM probes would be crucial in measurements of point spread functions of superlenses based on negative refraction and characterization of plasmonic circuitry. The resolution of SNOMs is ▵r = d + 2a, where d is the diameter of a radiating aperture of a tapered-fiber metal-coated probe and a is a skin depth, that is the distance the electromagnetic field penetrates the metal coating. The size of the radiated field does not exceed the diameter ▵r when the aperture-sample distance h is kept constant by the shear-force tuning fork method. One of the resolution parameters, the skin depth a, depends on the metal that coats the dielectric probe and the shape of the metal rim. For Ag and Al, the values of a are on the level of 10nm, when measured on a flat metal surface illuminated with a plane wave. Thus, the other resolution parameter which we intend to decrease is a probe diameter d. The probe should radiate enough energy to be detected in a reasonable scanning measurement time. Recently, we proved that probe emission depends on the charge density induced on the probe rim. To increase this density we propose enhancement of the photon-plasmon coupling on the interface between the dielectric core and the metal coating. To this end we corrugate the interface. In this paper we analyze the role of parameters of the corrugations and report on attempts to fabricate them.
The structure of the Mn 4 Ca 2 C cluster of photosystem II and its protein environment as revealed by X-ray crystallography

The location, structure and protein environment of the Mn4Ca 2C cluster, which catalyses the lightdriven, water-splitting reaction of photosystem II, has been revealed by X-ray crystallography. However, owing to the low resolutions of the crystal structures reported to date, and the possibility of radiation damage at the catalytic centre, the precise position of each metal ion remains unknown. To some extent, these problems have been overcome by applying spectroscopic techniques like extended X-ray absorption fine structure. Taking into account the most recent results obtained with these two X-ray-based techniques, we have attempted to refine models of the structure of the Mn4Ca 2C cluster and its protein environment.
GABAergic Neuronal Precursor Grafting: Implications in Brain Regeneration and Plasticity

Numerous neurological disorders are caused by a dysfunction of the GABAergic system that impairs or either stimulates its inhibitory action over its neuronal targets. Pharmacological drugs have generally been proved very effective in restoring its normal function, but their lack of any sort of spatial or cell type specificity has created some limitations in their use. In the last decades, cell-based therapies using GABAergic neuronal grafts have emerged as a promising treatment, since they may restore the lost equilibrium by cellular replacement of the missing/altered inhibitory neurons or modulating the hyperactive excitatory system. In particular, the discovery that embryonic ganglionic eminence-derived GABAergic precursors are able to disperse and integrate in large areas of the host tissue after grafting has provided a strong rationale for exploiting their use for the treatment of diseased brains. GABAergic neuronal transplantation not only is efficacious to restore normal GABAergic activities but can also trigger or sustain high neuronal plasticity by promoting the general reorganization of local neuronal circuits adding new synaptic connections. These results cast new light on dynamics and plasticity of adult neuronal assemblies and their associated functions disclosing new therapeutic opportunities for the near future.
Thiazolidinediones influence plasma steroids of male obese Zucker rats.

Insulin sensitizing thiazolidinediones (TZDs) inhibit steroidogenic enzyme activities in vitro and affect plasma steroids in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. This study was to examine TZD action on circulating steroids in male genetically obese Zucker rats (fa/fa), which were treated with troglitazone or rosiglitazone (0.3% and 0.01% food admixture, respectively) and were compared to untreated obese and lean littermates. After 36 days of TZD administration, obesity- associated derangement of carbohydrate metabolism was ameliorated (e.g., insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation by isolated soleus muscle, nmol/g/h: lean controls, 1049 +/- 100; obese controls, 518 +/- 30; troglitazone-treated obese, 672 +/- 43; rosiglitazone-treated obese, 761 +/- 77; p < 0.01 each vs. obese controls). While plasma pregnenolone and testosterone were neither affected by obesity nor by TZDs, a marked reduction of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in obese vs. lean controls (27 +/- 3 vs. 58 +/- 10 ng/dl; p < 0.01) was partially reversed by TZD treatment (46 +/- 5 and 48 +/- 9 ng/dl for troglitazone and rosiglitazone, respectively; p < 0.02 each vs. untreated obese). Plasma 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, in contrast, was not reduced by obesity (76 +/- 9 vs. 59 +/- 7 ng/dl in obese vs. lean controls; n.s.) but blunted by TZD treatment of obese rats (38 +/- 4 and 44 +/- 3 ng/dl for troglitazone and rosiglitazone, respectively; p < 0.05 each vs. untreated obese). We conclude that (i) oral TZD treatment influences circulating steroid concentrations of male obese Zucker rats, and (ii) these effects are at least in part mediated via mechanisms other than those underlying TZD-induced insulin sensitization.
Analytical approximations for the expected waiting time

We derive analytical approximations for the expected waiting time for a cell with k mutations to appear. We consider the Wright-Fisher process for constant population size: we define the model in Section I, in Section II we present a simple argument which works only for weak selection, then in Section III we develop an approximation for strong selection. Finally in Section IV growing cell populations are investigated.
Research of the Comparing of the Influence of Enterprises Innovation Investment to Urban Economy in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai-Based on Panel Data during 1989-2008

Analyzing and comparing the influence of enterprises S&T input to urban economy in 3 super large city of Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai by using panel data from 1989-2008 processed by Eviews5.0, the result indicates enterprises S&T activities investment impacts the urban economy positively. In order to enhance the influence of enterprises innovation investment to urban economy, all of the three cities must increase entreprises innovation fund investment and increase the innovation worker’s efficiency.
IL-13 Is Necessary, Not Simply Sufficient, for Epicutaneously Induced Th2 Responses to Soluble Protein Antigen1

Th2 responses are clearly involved in the pathogenesis of atopic disease. Thus, understanding the factors responsible for Th2 sensitization at sites of allergen exposure, such as airway and skin, is crucial for directing therapeutic or preventive strategies. Contrary to other models of Th2 sensitization to proteins, we have reported that Th2 responses induced by epicutaneous exposure to OVA are IL-4 independent. Combined deficiency of both IL-4 and IL-13 signaling did prevent Th2 generation, suggesting that IL-13 was mediating these IL-4-independent responses. It was not clear, however, whether IL-13 was simply replacing the need for IL-4 in genetically deficient mice or if IL-13 played a unique role. In the present study, we show that Th2 responses induced by epicutaneous OVA exposure (including lung inflammatory responses after inhaled Ag challenge, OVA-specific IgG1, and draining lymph node IL-5 production) are impaired in IL-13-deficient (IL-13−/−) mice compared with wild type. In contrast, i.p. sensitization of IL-13−/− mice resulted in responses equivalent to wild type. Generation of contact hypersensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene, which involves Th1 and CD8+ effector cells, was also intact in IL-13−/− mice. Taken together, the data indicate that IL-13 is the major inducer of Th2 generation in the cutaneous microenvironment, being required independently of IL-4. This fact, in combination with the known abundance of IL-13 in atopic dermatitis skin lesions, emphasizes the potentially important role of the skin as a site for Th2 sensitization to environmental allergens, particularly in atopic individuals.
Exploiting Site-Specific Propagation Characteristics in Directional Search at 28 GHz

Simulation data from a ray-tracing tool applied in specific urban environments in the 28-GHz band suggest that the utilization of arbitrary base station (BS) angles in a directional search procedure may not be of maximum benefit for users located in non-line-of-sight positions, because certain angles restrict the radio frequency illumination to a lower maximum power than from others. An appropriate selection of BS angles offers a potential power level benefit of greater than 2 dB in a defined number of consecutive measurements; however, this performance improvement appears to be conditioned by the severity of the existing street canyon propagation and the probability of the angle used. A simple ray tracing method is proposed to approximately identify the most effective BS angles that avoid power emissions in directions largely blocked by nearby buildings. The results indicate that prior site-specific information may be helpful, particularly for systems using analog beamforming.
Longitudinal Dynamics of the Rewind Portion of a Web Handling Machine

A one-dimensional representation of the longitudinal dynamics of the rewind portion of a web handling machine is presented. Both continuous and discrete models are investigated. Nonlinear effects are incorporated and a generalized sensitivity analysis is referenced. This analysis determines which system parameters or linear combination thereof are important (or not important) in obtaining acceptable system behavior. A discussion of the dancer's ability to adequately control tension is given along with current research topics.
Activation regimens for full‐term development of rabbit oocytes injected with round spermatids

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of activation regimens on full‐term development of rabbit oocytes after round spermatid injection (ROSI). In the first series, rabbit oocytes were treated with 5 µM ionomycin before ROSI, after ROSI, or before and after ROSI. In addition, non‐treated oocytes were subjected to intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using ejaculated spermatozoa. Cleavage rate of ROSI oocytes activated before and after ROSI (55%) was comparable with that of ICSI oocytes (60%), and significantly higher than those of ROSI oocytes activated either before or after ROSI (29–39%; P < 0.05). No offspring were produced by transfer of the cleaving ROSI oocytes, while 8% of the cleaving ICSI oocytes transferred gave birth to offspring. In the second series, oocytes were exposed to 5, 10, or 20 µM ionomycin, followed by ROSI, 5 µM ionomycin treatment, and incubation with 5 µg/ml cycloheximide (CHX) + 2 mM 6‐dimethylaminopurine (DMAP). Significantly higher cleavage rates were derived from oocytes activated with 10 and 20 µM ionomycin before ROSI (91% and 82%, respectively; P < 0.05) compared to those activated with 5 µM ionomycin before ROSI (53%). Live offspring were obtained when the cleaving ROSI oocytes with the initial ionomycin treatment at 5 and 10 µM were transferred (offspring rate 2% and 4%, respectively). These activation regimens, however, were not valid for the ROSI using cryopreserved round spermatids. In conclusion, rabbit ROSI oocytes were capable of developing into full‐term when the oocytes were activated with a combined treatment of ionomycin and CHX/DMAP. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 573–579, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic differences among three colour morphotypes of the black rockfish, Sebastes inermis, inferred from mtDNA and AFLP analyses

The genetic differences among three colour morphotypes of the black rockish, Sebastes inermis, were determined from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) analyses. In the AFLP analysis, each morphotype could be distinguished by the presence or absence matrix of five AFLP loci. These diagnostic loci indicated that the three morphotypes represented independent gene pools, indicating reproductive isolation. Furthermore, 14 significant frequency differences in AFLP fragments were observed between morphotypes A and B, 12 between morphotypes A and C and six between morphotypes B and C. These significant differences also supported the likelihood of reproductive isolation among the morphotypes. In the mtDNA analysis, variations in partial sequences of the control region failed to distinguish clearly between the three morphotypes, but restrictions of gene flow and genetic differentiation among the morphotypes were supported by significant FST estimates. The absence of diagnostic mtDNA differences in this study may have been due to introgressive hybridization among the morphotypes and/or incomplete lineage sorting, due to the recency of speciation.