Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Embedded Control Using FPGA Seminar Report Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology

FPGA stands for Field Programmable Gate Array. It is an integrated circuit that can be configured by the user in order to implement digital logic functions of varying complexities. FPGA can be very effectively used for control purposes in processes demanding very high loop cycle time. The implementation of a digital controller in a FPGA can be parallel,resulting in very high speeds of operation. This fact enables FPGA‘s to score over general purpose computing chips like DSP chips,which have a limited number of Multiplier ACcumulator (MAC) units that can be used for the controller design. This report looks at the serial and parallel implementation of PID controller on a FPGA as suggested by [1]. A PID controller was specifically chosen so that the issues and the trade off‘s involved in the implementation of controllers could be understood. A more efficient implementation of a PID using Distributed Arithmetic (DA) was looked at. This makes use of the Look Up Table (LUT) rich characteristics of the FPGA. The final part of the report suggests the recent trends in FPGA based control like reconfiguration,co-design implementation of controllers. Mention was made of the implementation of a fuzzy logic based controller for the truck back upper problem as suggested by [2]. Also the implementation of a Model Predictive Controller using Co-design techniques as suggested by [3] was looked into.
Uniqueness of the SVM Solution

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for uniqueness of the support vector solution for the problems of pattern recognition and regression estimation, for a general class of cost functions. We show that if the solution is not unique, all support vectors are necessarily at bound, and we give some simple examples of non-unique solutions. We note that uniqueness of the primal (dual) solution does not necessarily imply uniqueness of the dual (primal) solution. We show how to compute the threshold b when the solution is unique, but when all support vectors are at bound, in which case the usual method for determining b does not work.
Basophils Produce IL-4 and Accumulate in Tissues after Infection with a Th2-inducing Parasite

Using mice in which the eGfp gene replaced the first exon of the Il4 gene (G4 mice), we examined production of interleukin (IL)-4 during infection by the intestinal nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb). Nb infection induced green fluorescent protein (GFP)pos cells that were FcɛRIpos, CD49bbright, c-kitneg, and Gr1neg. These cells had lobulated nuclei and granules characteristic of basophils. They were found mainly in the liver and lung, to a lesser degree in the spleen, but not in the lymph nodes. Although some liver basophils from naive mice express GFP, Nb infection enhanced GFP expression and increased the number of tissue basophils. Similar basophil GFP expression was found in infected Stat6−/− mice. Basophils did not increase in number in infected Rag2−/− mice; Rag2−/− mice reconstituted with CD4 T cells allowed significant basophil accumulation, indicating that CD4 T cells can direct both tissue migration of basophils and enhanced IL-4 production. IL-4 production was immunoglobulin independent and only partially dependent on IL-3. Thus, infection with a parasite that induces a “Th2-type response” resulted in accumulation of tissue basophils, and these cells, stimulated by a non-FcR cross-linking mechanism, are a principal source of in vivo IL-4 production.
Evaluating Temporal Graphs Built from Texts via Transitive Reduction

Temporal information has been the focus of recent attention in information extraction, leading to some standardization effort, in particular for the task of relating events in a text. This task raises the problem of comparing two annotations of a given text, because relations between events in a story are intrinsically interdependent and cannot be evaluated separately. A proper evaluation measure is also crucial in the context of a machine learning approach to the problem. Finding a common comparison referent at the text level is not obvious, and we argue here in favor of a shift from event-based measures to measures on a unique textual object, a minimal underlying temporal graph, or more formally the transitive reduction of the graph of relations between event boundaries. We support it by an investigation of its properties on synthetic data and on a well-know temporal corpus.
Genome-wide nucleosome map and cytosine methylation levels of an ancient human genome

Epigenetic information is available from contemporary organisms, but is difficult to track back in evolutionary time. Here, we show that genome-wide epigenetic information can be gathered directly from next-generation sequence reads of DNA isolated from ancient remains. Using the genome sequence data generated from hair shafts of a 4000-yr-old Paleo-Eskimo belonging to the Saqqaq culture, we generate the first ancient nucleosome map coupled with a genome-wide survey of cytosine methylation levels. The validity of both nucleosome map and methylation levels were confirmed by the recovery of the expected signals at promoter regions, exon/intron boundaries, and CTCF sites. The top-scoring nucleosome calls revealed distinct DNA positioning biases, attesting to nucleotide-level accuracy. The ancient methylation levels exhibited high conservation over time, clustering closely with modern hair tissues. Using ancient methylation information, we estimated the age at death of the Saqqaq individual and illustrate how epigenetic information can be used to infer ancient gene expression. Similar epigenetic signatures were found in other fossil material, such as 110,000- to 130,000-yr-old bones, supporting the contention that ancient epigenomic information can be reconstructed from a deep past. Our findings lay the foundation for extracting epigenomic information from ancient samples, allowing shifts in epialleles to be tracked through evolutionary time, as well as providing an original window into modern epigenomics.
Modelling of the initiation of deep moist convection in relation to upper level moisture gradients

Die Vorhersagbarkeit von Einzelzellgewittern im Alpenraum, insbesondere in Abwesenheit von Fronten unter sogenannten Schonwetterbedingungen, gestaltet sich als schwierige Aufgabe fur Meteorologen. Umso wichtiger ist es, das Wissen uber Faktoren, die zur Initiierung von hochre- ichender Feuchtekonvektion (deep moist convection, DMC) unter solchen Umgebungsbedingun- gen beitragen, stets zu verbessern. Fallstudien mit Satellitenbildern haben gezeigt, dass Feuchte- gradienten in der mittleren oder oberen Troposphare (upper tropospheric moisture gradients, UTMG) eine bevorzugte Lage fur die erste Initiierung von DMC unter Schonwetterbedinungen bei weitverbreiteter flacher Konvektion uber dem Gebirge darstellen. (Krennert and Zwatz- Meise, 2003). Anhand von zwei WRF-Simulationen mit drei genesteten Domanen (20 km, 4 km, 800 m) werden Faktoren, die zur Initiierung von DMC beigetragen haben konnten, fur zwei reprasentative Falle im Alpenraum analysiert. Dazu werden verschiedene Hypothesen im Zusammenhang mit UTMG und deren Rolle bei der Initiierung von DMC untersucht. Ein wesentlicher Teil besteht darin, verschiedene Instabilitaten zu untersuchen, einschlieslich der feucht-symmetrischen Instabilitat (moist symmetric instability, MSI) als mogliche begunstigende Ursache fur den Ubergang von flacher zu hochreichender Konvektion. Die Ergebnisse der ersten Fallstudie vom 7. Juli 2014 zeigen, dass die Initiierung von DMC tatsachlich in Zusammenhang mit einem Gradienten der relativen Feuchte in 300 hPa auftritt. Sowohl die 4-km, als auch die 800-m Domane erweisen sich als konvektionsauflosend und in guter Ubereinstimmung mit den Beobachtungen. Zudem stellt sich heraus, dass die Umgebung beim Ubergang von flacher zu hochreichender Konvektion von Bereichen negativer (gesattigter) poten- tieller Vorticity in der unteren bis mittleren Troposphare und hohen SCAPE-Werten (slantwise convective available potential energy) gepragt ist, die beide Indikatoren fur symmetrische, jedoch auch statische Instabilitat sind. Fur eine bessere Abgrenzung dieser beiden Instabilitaten wur- den Trajektorien berechnet. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass es unter Verwendung des gewahlten Modells keinen eindeutigen Hinweis auf eine begunstigende Rolle von MSI auf die Entwicklung hochreichender Konvektion gibt, da die Grosenordnung der vertikalen Windkomponente jene der beiden horizontalen Windkomponenten im Aufwindbereich zu jeder Zeit ubertrifft. Die Ergebnisse der zweiten Fallstudie zeigen zwar, dass die Konvektion wieder entsprechend gut aufgelost wird, jedoch zeigt sich die konvektive Aktivitat mehr verbreitet als dies in den Satel- litenbildern der Fall ist. Zudem ist der Gradient der relativen Feuchte vergleichsweise schwacher ausgepragt. Auch die Indikatoren fur symmetrische Instabilitat (negative EPV, SCAPE) sind in Zusammenhang mit der Initiierung von DMC nur wenig bedeutsam.
Analysis for basic dynamics and performances of piecewise particle swarm optimizers

In our previous study, a piecewise-linear particle swarm optimizer (PPSO) has been proposed. The dynamics of each particle in PPSO can be controlled by two thresholds for convergence and divergence modes. Each threshold can be determined by the particle's trajectory and the system parameters. However, the conditions of these thresholds for finding desired solutions have not been clarified. In this paper, these conditions are investigated by the theoretical analysis and numerical experiments. Furthermore, the solving performances for threshold patterns are compared in the numerical experiments.
IMapple: a source-sink developmental model for ‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees

Functional structural botanical tree models are one of the most difficult models in biology. We introduce IMapple, a model for ‘Golden Delicious’ apple (Malus × domestica) trees based on source-sink descriptions of plant resources. Our model uses precise geometrical representations with high quality polygonal meshes and geometric details. We introduce a novel simulation algorithm that provides detailed information about leaf irradiance by simulating direct illumination and self-shadowing. This provides information about incoming light and energy that is distributed by a sourcesink mathematical model. Our model aims to be parametric, highly interactive, and usable. Information about the qualitative and quantitative relationships of different parts of the model is provided interactively via a simple graphical user interface or directly from measured data. The simulation runs in 3D, at interactive framerates, and allows for fast experimentation and visual evaluation.
Phrenic nerve injury resulting from percutaneous ablation of lung malignancy.

OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to illustrate the potential for phrenic nerve injury during percutaneous lung ablation, to discuss the importance of this complication, and to review the expected location of the phrenic nerve on chest CT. CONCLUSION Knowledge of the expected location of the phrenic nerve-a structure that is usually not visible on imaging but is important-is essential for avoiding injury to the nerve during pulmonary ablation.
A Performance Model for Domino Mail Server

Using performance model to analyze the Internet service is prevailing. However, the research of the performance model for mail server retrains in the immature status. In this paper, based on the queue theory, we propose a performance model for Domino mail server. The verification and analysis of the model are also presented. The experimental results show that this model characterizes the behavior of Domino mail server well and prove that it is useful for the qualitative performance measurement of Domino mail server.
Squibs: Prepositional Phrase Attachment without Oracles

Work on prepositional phrase (PP) attachment resolution generally assumes that there is an oracle that provides the two hypothesized structures that we want to choose between. The information that there are two possible attachment sites and the information about the lexical heads of those phrases is usually extracted from gold-standard parse trees. We show that the performance of reattachment methods is higher with such an oracle than without. Because oracles are not available in NLP applications, this indicates that the current evaluation methodology for PP attachment does not produce realistic performance numbers. We argue that PP attachment should not be evaluated in isolation, but instead as an integral component of a parsing system, without using information from the gold-standard oracle.
Design and evaluation of neural classifiers

In this paper we propose a method for the design of feedforward neural classifiers based on regularization and adaptive architectures. Using a penalized maximum likelihood scheme we derive a modified form of the entropy error measure and an algebraic estimate of the test error. In conjunction with optimal brain damage pruning the test error estimate is used to optimize the network architecture. The scheme is evaluated on an artificial and a real world problem.
Combining spectral induced polarization with X-ray tomography to investigate the importance of DNAPL geometry in sand samples

Although many studies have been performed to investigate the spectral induced polarization (SIP) response of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL)-contaminated soil samples, there are still many uncertainties in the interpretation of the data. A key issue is that altered pore space geometries due to the presence of a NAPL phase will change the measured IP spectra. However, without any information on the NAPL distribution in the pore space, assumptions are necessary for the SIP data interpretation. Therefore, experimental data of SIP signals directly associated with different NAPL distributions are needed. We used high-resolution X-ray tomography and 3D image processing to quantitatively assess NAPL distributions in samples of fine-grained sand containing different concentrations of tetrachloroethylene and link this to SIP measurements on the same samples. The total concentration of the sample constituents as well as the volumes of the individual NAPL blobs were calculated and used for the interpretation of the associated SIP responses. The X-ray tomography and image analysis showed that the real sample properties (porosity and NAPL distributions) differed from the targeted ones. Both contaminated samples contained less NAPL than expected from the manual sample preparation. The SIP results showed higher real conductivity and lower imaginary conductivity in the contaminated samples compared to a clean sample. This is interpreted as an effect of increased surface conductivity along interconnected NAPL blobs and decreased surface areas in the samples due to NAPL blobs larger than and enclosing grains. We conclude that the combination of SIP, X-ray tomography, and image analysis is a very promising approach to achieve a better understanding of the measured SIP responses of NAPL-contaminated samples.
Cooperative space-time coding for wireless networks

We consider a cooperative transmission scheme in which the collaborating nodes may have multiple antennas. We present the performance analysis and design of space-time codes that are capable of achieving the full diversity provided by user cooperation. Our codes use the principle of overlays in time and space, and ensure that cooperation takes place as often as possible. We show how cooperation among nodes with different numbers of antennas can be accomplished, and how the quality of the interuser link affects the cooperative performance. We illustrate that space-time cooperation can greatly reduce the error rates of all the nodes involved, even for poor interuser channel quality.
Plane estimation by active vision from point features and image moments

In this paper we experimentally validate and compare three different methods for estimating the 3D parameters of a planar scene from a (possibly time-varying) set of feature points acquired by a moving monocular camera. The first method, based on the classical decomposition of the homography matrix, is meant to serve as a baseline condition classically used in many previous works. The other two methods exploit an active Structure from Motion (SfM) scheme for either extracting the plane from the reconstructed 3D position of all the tracked points, or for directly estimating the plane parameters by considering a set of discrete image moments as visual input. The possible loss/gain of point features during the camera motion is considered in all three methods by, in particular, introducing a suitable weighting strategy for the image moment case. Finally, the results of an experimental validation are presented with a comparative discussion of the pros/cons of the three methods.
Supervised Nonnegative Tensor Factorization with Maximum-Margin Constraint

Non-negative tensor factorization (NTF) has attracted great attention in the machine learning community. In this paper, we extend traditional non-negative tensor factorization into a supervised discriminative decomposition, referred as Supervised Non-negative Tensor Factorization with Maximum-Margin Constraint(SNTFM2). SNTFM2 formulates the optimal discriminative factorization of non-negative tensorial data as a coupled least-squares optimization problem via a maximum-margin method. As a result, SNTFM2 not only faithfully approximates the tensorial data by additive combinations of the basis, but also obtains a strong generalization power to discriminative analysis (in particularfor classification in this paper). The experimental results show the superiority of our proposed model over state-of-the-art techniques on both toy and real world data sets.
Continuous renal replacement therapy after cardiac surgery in patients with acute renal failure.

AIM Acute renal failure is an important adverse effect of cardiopulmonary bypass that can result in high mortality or morbidity rates. It can be treated with continuous renal replacement therapy after cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the mortality and incidence of acute renal failure in patients of post cardiac surgery. METHODS Patients (1564) who underwent cardiac surgery between January 2007 and January 2012 and treated with continuous renal replacement therapy were included (N=40). Patients with previous renal disorders were excluded. A retrospective analysis was carried out. RESULTS Overall, continuous renal replacement therapy was used in 40 (2.6%) patients. The mean age was 62.7 ± 11 years. Mean duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was 166 ± 80 min, and aorta cross-clamping time was 97 ± 35 min. The patients' mean pretherapy creatinine level and mean creatinine level before hospital discharge were 3.3 ± 1.1 mg/dL and 1.1 ± 0.4 mg/dl, respectively. Thirty-day mortality was 35%. Only 6 patients required long-term renal replacement therapy. Conclusion Acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis after cardiac surgery is associated with higher mortality and morbidity and prolonged hospital stay. Early renal recovery with continuous renal replacement therapy seems to offer an evident survival benefit. CONTINUOUS: renal replacement therapy may represent an important therapy and reduce mortality rates. We believe that these rates might decrease even more with detailed preoperative evaluation and meticulous postoperative care with collaborative management.
Pulmonary Hemodynamics and Plasma Endothelin-1 during Hypoxemia and Reoxygenation with Room Air or 100% Oxygen in a Piglet Model

The immediate effect on the pulmonary circulation of reoxygenation with either room air or 100% O2 was studied in newborn piglets. Hypoxemia was induced by ventilation with 8% O2 until base excess was <-20 mmol/L or mean arterial blood pressure was <20 mm Hg. Reoxygenation was performed with either room air (n = 9) or 100% O2 (n = 9). Mean pulmonary artery pressure increased during hypoxemia (p = 0.012). After 5 min of reoxygenation, pulmonary artery pressure increased further from 24 ± 2 mm Hg at the end of hypoxemia to 35 ± 3 mm Hg (p = 0.0077 versus baseline) in the room air group and from 27 ± 3 mm Hg at the end of hypoxemia to 30 ± 2 mm Hg (p = 0.011 versus baseline) in the O2 group (NS between groups). Pulmonary vascular resistance index increased (p = 0.0005) during hypoxemia. During early reoxygenation pulmonary vascular resistance index decreased rapidly to values comparable to baseline within 5 min of reoxygenation in both groups (NS between groups). Plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) decreased during hypoxemia from 1.5 ± 0.1 ng/L at baseline to 1.2 ± 0.1 ng/L at the end of hypoxemia (p = 0.003). After 30 min of reoxygenation plasma ET-1 increased to 1.8 ± 0.3 and 1.5 ± 0.2 ng/L in the room air and O2 groups, respectively (p = 0.0077 in each group versus end hypoxemia; NS between groups). We conclude that hypoxemic pulmonary hypertension and plasma ET-1 normalizes as quickly when reoxygenation is performed with room air as with 100% O2 in this hypoxia model with newborn piglets.
Disaster analysis through tweets

Social networks offer a wealth of information for capturing additional information on people's behavior, trends, opinions and emotions during any human-affecting events such as natural disasters. During disaster, social media provides a plethora of information which includes information about the nature of disaster, affected people's emotions and relief efforts. In this paper we propose a natural-disaster analysis interface that solely makes use of tweets generated by the Twitter users during the event of a natural disasters. We collect streaming tweets relating to disasters and build a sentiment classifier in order to categorize the users' emotions during disasters based on their various levels of distress. Various analysis techniques are applied on the collected tweets and the results are presented in the form of detailed graphical analysis which demonstrates users' emotions during a disaster, frequency distribution of various disasters and geographical distribution of disasters. We observe that our analysis of data from social media provides a viable, economical, uncensored and real-time alternative to traditional methods for disaster analysis and the perception of affected population towards a natural disaster.
Communication architecture based on intelligent autonomous vehicles for container terminals

Automated container terminal is one of the most important confined areas that have attracted extensive research interests over last decade. To improve productivity, as well as enhance operational efficiency of a sea port, automated container terminals must play an important role in global cargo transportation by saving energy consumption, reducing the service cost and increasing the cargo throughput. To achieve these requirements, the development of reliable heterogeneous communication system among all communicating objects such as Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles (IAV), Confined Base Station (CBS) and RFID-based container that communicate inside container terminals, becomes a paramount objective. This communication system has specific challenges comparing to classical vehicular communication systems ones by emphasizing mainly on IAV-to-IAV, IAV-to-CBS and IAV-to- RFID-based container communications. Our aim in this paper is to introduce the IAV architecture dealing with IAVs based communication system, and then present candidate communication technologies for port container terminals. Further discussions about challenging issues will also be provided.