Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns of genetic isolation in a widely distributed pelagic fish, the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson)

Although migratory pelagic fishes generally exhibit little geographic differentiation across oceans, as expected from their life-history (broadcast spawning, pelagic larval life, swimming ability of adults) and the assumed homogeneity of the pelagic habitat, exceptions to the rule deserve scrutiny. One such exception is the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson), where strong genetic heterogeneity at the regional scale has been previously reported. We investigated the genetic composition of S. commerson across the Indo-West Pacific range using control-region sequences (including previously published datasets), cytochrome-b gene partial sequences, and eight microsatellite loci, to further explore its phylogeographic structure. All haplotypes sampled from the Indo-Malay-Papua archipelago (IMPA) and the southwestern Pacific coalesced into a clade (Clade II) that was deeply separated (14.5% nucleotide divergence) from a clade grouping all haplotypes from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea (Clade I). Such a high level of genetic divergence suggested the occurrence of two sister-species. Further phylogeographic partition was evident between the western IMPA and the regions sampled east and south of it, i.e. northern Australia, West Papua, and the Coral Sea. Strong allele-frequency differences were found between local populations in the southwestern Pacific, both at the mitochondrial locus (ΦST=0.282-0.609) and at microsatellite loci (^θ=0.202-0.313). Clade II consisted of four deeply divergent subclades (9.0-11.8% nucleotide divergence for the control region; 0.3-2.5% divergence at the cytochrome b locus). Mitochondrial sub-clades within Clade II generally had narrow geographic distribution, demonstrating further genetic isolation. However, one particular haplogroup within Clade II was present throughout the central Indo-West Pacific; that haplogroup was found to be sister-group to an haplogroup restricted to West Papua and the Coral Sea, yielding evidence of recent secondary westward colonization. Such a complex structure is in sharp contrast with the generally weak phylogeographic patterns uncovered to date in other widely distributed, large pelagic fishes with pelagic eggs and larvae. We hypothesize that in S. commerson and possibly other Scomberomorus species, philopatric migration may play a role in maintaining the geographic isolation of populations by annihilating the potential consequences of passive dispersal.
Web-based application programming interface to solve nonlinear optimization problems

Nonlinear Optimization Problems are usual in many engineering fields. Due to its characteristics the objective function of some problems might not be differentiable or its derivatives have complex expressions. There are even cases where an analytical expression of the objective function might not be possible to determine either due to its complexity or its cost (monetary, computational, time, .). In these cases Nonlinear Optimization methods must be used. An API, including several methods and algorithms to solve constrained and unconstrained optimization problems was implemented. This API can be accessed not only as traditionally, by installing it on the developer and/or user computer, but it can also be accessed remotely using Web Services. As long as there is a network connection to the server where the API is installed, applications always access to the latest API version. Also an Web-based application, using the proposed API, was developed. This application is to be used by users that do not want to integrate methods in applications, and simply want to have a tool to solve Nonlinear Optimization Problems.
Realization of Continuously Backed-up RAMs for High-Speed Database Recovery

In order to realize high performance database systems, it is very much important to develop a method for high-speed backup as well as method to realize high-speed database operations. Although semiconductor memory is getting less expensive, disks are still important to realize reliable large database systems due to their characteristics; low cost, large capacity and nonvolatileness. If system down or power failure occurs, main memory data may be lost. To avoid losing data, battery backup memories and battery backup disks are usually used. This method, however, still has problems, since each data item is not duplicated. Some system fault may change data in main memory, which cannot be recovered. If all the contents of a main memory at a certain time are stored in disks, high-speed recovery can be achieve using sequential access. Continuously backed-up RAMS are designed for such a purpose. Dual-port-RAMS developed for video display systems are good candidates to realize such systems, since sequential backup can be realized simultaneously with normal read/write operations. As we can show that currently available dual-port-RAMS are not sufficient for our purpose, we have designed continuously backed-up RAMS using conventional RAMS. Two-plane backup RAMS and double buffer backup RAMS are designed and effectiveness of these approaches is examined by actually developing hardwired circuits. Since to realize the whole main memory by continuously backed-up RAMS is not realistic, we propose a memory system consisting of continuous backedup RAMS and conventional RAMS. High-speed recovery can be achieved by storing hotspot data (data which are modified frequently) in continuously backed-up RAMS. discussed. DATABASE SYSTEMS FOR ADVANCED APPLICATIONS ‘91 Ed. A. Makinouchi @World Scientific Publishing Co.
The Perceived Importance of Youth Educator's Confidence in Delivering Leadership Development Programming.

A successful component of programs designed to deliver youth leadership develop programs are youth educators who understand the importance of utilizing research-based information and seeking professional development opportunities. The purpose of this study was to determine youth educator’s perceived confidence in leading youth leadership development programs. Study objectives included describing types of youth leadership development training received by youth educators, describing the number of hours of youth leadership development training received by youth educators, describing the perceived importance of youth leadership development training received by youth educators, describing youth leadership development training delivery mode preferences of youth educators, determining if the addition of hours of training received and the perception of the importance of youth leadership training improved the prediction of perceived confidence beyond that provided by differences in selected demographic variables (gender, age, years of service, education level, office location). The target population for this study was southern region 4-H youth development educators. Results of this study indicate that perceived importance of youth leadership development training is predictive of youth educator’s confidence level in teaching youth leadership development. Youth leadership development programs are a cornerstone of many youth serving organizations. The importance of youth leadership development to the core goals of programs is illustrated by its explicit inclusion in program logic models as well as its implicit presence when older youth serve in teaching and mentoring roles for younger youth. The success or failure of a youth leadership development program may be linked to many factors, one of which is the educator who leads the program. Youth educators influence program success in many ways. The focus of this study is to explore educators’ prior experiences as well as their perceived confidence in delivering youth leadership development programming. Given the strong connections between a person’s beliefs and behaviors, it is important to understand youth educators’ beliefs within the context of their prior experiences (Ajzen, Joyce, Sheikh, & Cote, 2011). This study seeks to expand the literature about youth educators’ youth leadership development training beliefs. It has practical implications for developing professional development trainings for youth educators as well as theoretical implications for advancing a deeper understanding of educators’ core beliefs about training specifically related to youth Journal of Leadership Education DOI: 10.12806/V15/I1/R1 Volume 15 Issue 1 Research 2 leadership development.
Chapter 2 Ordered Sets and Complete Lattices

These notes deal with an interconnecting web of mathematical techniques all of which deserve a place in the armoury of the welleducated computer scientist. The objective is to present the ideas as a self-contained body of material, worthy of study in its own right, and at the same time to assist the learning of algebraic and coalgebraic methods, by giving prior familiarization with some of the mathematical background that arises there. Examples drawn from computer science are only hinted at: the presentation seeks to complement and not to preempt other contributions to these ACMMPC Proceedings.
Sparse Distributed Memory Using Rank-Order Neural Codes

A variant of a sparse distributed memory (SDM) is shown to have the capability of storing and recalling patterns containing rank-order information. These are patterns where information is encoded not only in the subset of neuron outputs that fire, but also in the order in which that subset fires. This is an interesting companion to several recent works in the neuroscience literature, showing that human memories may be stored in terms of neural spike timings. In our model, the ordering is stored in static synaptic weights using a Hebbian single-shot learning algorithm, and can be reliably recovered whenever the associated input is supplied. It is shown that the memory can operate using only unipolar binary connections throughout. The behavior of the memory under noisy input conditions is also investigated. It is shown that the memory is capable of improving the quality of the data that passes through it. That is, under appropriate conditions the output retrieved from the memory is less noisy than the input used to retrieve it. Thus, this memory architecture could be used as a component in a complex system with stable noise properties and, we argue, it can be implemented using spiking neurons
The RNA-binding protein Y14 inhibits mRNA decapping and modulates processing body formation

The role of Y14 in regulating mRNA decay and P-body formation is described. Y14 interacts with Dcp2 and inhibits mRNA decapping. Moreover, Y14 prevents mRNA degradation and is essential for P-body formation. Y14 may function independent of the EJC to counteract mRNA decay in mRNA metabolism.
A Cluster Based Hybrid Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, a cluster based hybrid architecture is proposed which not only combines the advantages of both cluster and flat architecture, but also introduces how to use multiple communication models in wireless sensor networks(WSNs). Furthermore, the hybrid architecture uses multicast to solve the problem of ldquobroadcast blastrdquo, and adopts deployment of heterogeneous sensors to solve the problem of ldquohot spotrdquo. At last, performance analysis is proposed to indicate that the hybrid architecture has the properties of scalability, distribution, long life-time and robustness.
Modeling Novelty and Feature Combination using Support Vector Regression for Update Summarization

Summarization is the process of condensing a piece of text while retaining important information. A well composed and coherent summary is the solution for information overload. Sentence extractive summarization system requires different features to rank sentences and then generate summaries. In this paper we provide a detailed analysis about effect of various features in context of update summarization. We adapt a machine learning algorithm for combining features while scoring a sentence. Further, we propose a new feature that can effectively capture novelty along with relevancy of a sentence in a topic. Evaluation results show that our summmarizer is able to surpass top performing systems participated at Text analysis conference 2008. Gap between oracle summaries and state of art summaries is analyzed to depict the scope of improvement in sentence extractive summarization.
Panel Data Hedonics: Rosen's First Stage and Difference-in-Differences as 'Sufficient Statistics'

For decades, economists have used the hedonic model to estimate demands for the implicit characteristics of differentiated commodities. The traditional cross-sectional approach to hedonic estimation can recover marginal willingness to pay for characteristics, but has faltered over a difficult endogeneity problem when attempting non-marginal welfare measures. I show that when marginal prices can be reliably estimated, and when panel data on household demands is available, one can construct a second-order approximation to non-marginal welfare measures - using only the first-stage marginal prices. Under a single-crossing restriction, the approach re-mains valid for repeated cross sections of product prices.More recently, economists have questioned the assumptions under which one can identify these cross-sectional hedonic price functions, raising the possibility of unobservables that are correlated with the characteristic of interest. To overcome this problem, they have introduced difference-in-differences econometric models to identify capitalization effects. Unfortunately, the interpretation of these effects has not been clearly perceived in the literature. I additionally show these capitalization effects are the "average direct unmediated effect" on prices of a change in characteristics, which can be interpreted as a movement along the ex post hedonic price function. This effect is a lower bound on Hicksian equivalent surplus.
Comprehensive throughput evaluation of LANs in clusters of PCs with Switchbench - or how to bring your switch to its knees

Understanding the performance of parallel applications for prevalent clusters of commodity PCs is still not an easy task: One must understand performance characteristics of all subsystems in the cluster machine, besides the inherently required knowledge about the applications' behaviour. While there are already many benchmarks that characterise a single node's subsystems like CPU, memory and I/O. as well as a few to evaluate its network interface with point-to-point data streams, there are to the best of our knowledge no benchmarks available that characterise a cluster network or LAN as a whole. We present Switchbench (2005), a set of three microbenchmarks that thoroughly evaluate the throughput characteristics of networks for clusters. A first microbenchmark tests the basic processing limitations of the switches, by sending and receiving data concurrently at maximum throughputs on all network interfaces. A second microbenchmark tests arbitrary communication patterns by pairwise connecting nodes for high-speed throughput tests. A third and slightly more realistic microbenchmark executes an all-to-all personalised communication (AAPC) algorithm to test many different patterns and critical bisections in the network. The microbenchmarks already proved to be extremely useful in a previous study to experimentally quantify performance limitations in different networks of clusters of PCs with up to 128 nodes. We also establish the suitability of our microbenchmarks by comparing their results with two application benchmarks. The benchmarks consist of two C programs supported by shell scripts to start the programs on all nodes of the cluster with the correct execution parameters to automatically scale the workloads from a few nodes up to the full cluster size.
Radiation Resistance RIE-1 Cells Transformed by the Ras Oncogene Enhances Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Autocrine Signaling in Updated Version

Oncogenic forms of the small GTPase Ras increase the resistance of cells to killing by ionizing radiation (IR). Although not all of the signaling pathways for radioresistance are well defined, it is now clear that Rasdependent signaling pathways involved in radioresistance include those mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3 -kinase (PI3-K) and Raf. Nevertheless, PI3-K and Raf together are not sufficient to reconstitute all of the resistance conferred by Ras, indicating that other effectors must also contribute. We show here that Ras-driven autocrine signaling through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) also contributes to radioresistance in Ras-transformed cells. Conditioned media (CM) collected from RIE-1 rat intestinal epithelial cells expressing oncogenic Ras increased the survival of irradiated cells. Ras-CM contains elevated levels of the EGFR ligand transforming growth factor (TGF). Both Ras-CM and TGFstimulated EGFR phosphorylation, and exogenous TGFmimicked the effects of Ras-CM to increase radioresistance. Blocking EGFR signaling with the EGFR/HER-2 kinase inhibitor (KI) GW572016 decreased the postradiation survival of irradiated Ras-transformed cells and normal cells but had no effect on the survival of unirradiated cells. Ras-CM and TGFalso increase PI3-K activity downstream of the EGFR and increase postradiation survival, both of which are abrogated by GW572016. Thus, Ras utilizes autocrine signaling through EGFR to increase radioresistance, and the EGFR KI GW572016 acts as a radiosensitizer. The observation that Ras-transformed cells can be sensitized to killing by ionizing radiation with GW572016 demonstrates that EGFR KIs could potentially be used to radiosensitize tumors in which radioresistance is dependent on Ras-driven autocrine signaling through EGFR.
Large-scale atomistic and quantum-mechanical simulations of a Nafion membrane: Morphology, proton solvation and charge transport

Atomistic and first-principles molecular dynamics simulations are employed to investigate the structure formation in a hydrated Nafion membrane and the solvation and transport of protons in the water channel of the membrane. For the water/Nafion systems containing more than 4 million atoms, it is found that the observed microphase-segregated morphology can be classified as bicontinuous: both majority (hydrophobic) and minority (hydrophilic) subphases are 3D continuous and organized in an irregular ordered pattern, which is largely similar to that known for a bicontinuous double-diamond structure. The characteristic size of the connected hydrophilic channels is about 25–50 Å, depending on the water content. A thermodynamic decomposition of the potential of mean force and the calculated spectral densities of the hindered translational motions of cations reveal that ion association observed with decreasing temperature is largely an entropic effect related to the loss of low-frequency modes. Based on the results from the atomistic simulation of the morphology of Nafion, we developed a realistic model of ion-conducting hydrophilic channel within the Nafion membrane and studied it with quantum molecular dynamics. The extensive 120 ps-long density functional theory (DFT)-based simulations of charge migration in the 1200-atom model of the nanochannel consisting of Nafion chains and water molecules allowed us to observe the bimodality of the van Hove autocorrelation function, which provides the direct evidence of the Grotthuss bond-exchange (hopping) mechanism as a significant contributor to the proton conductivity.
On Force Tracking Impedance Control with Unknown Environment Stiiness

In impedance control for contact force tracking, it is well known that the reference trajectory of the robot is calculated from known environment stiiness 1]. Here we present a simple technique for determining the reference trajectory under the condition that the environment stiiness is unknown. The technique is developed based on the replacement of the unknown stiiness with a function of the measured contact force. The design technique is shown to be robust in the presence of sensor noise. Computer simulation studies have demonstrated that force tracking using the proposed technique is excellent for unknown environment stiiness. The practicality of the technique is also veriied experimentally using a PUMA 560 manipulator. The impedance control technique proposed by Hogan has been one of the fundamental approaches for force tracking control of robot manipulators with constrained motion. Unlike the hybrid position and force control approach 2], impedance control regulates the contact force of a manipulator with the environment by the target impedance between position and contact force. The desired contact force is indirectly controlled by prespecifying a robot positional reference trajectory which is determined based on the stiiness and location of the environment. One of the major practical diiculties with this technique is that the environment stiiness is usually not known precisely so that accurate reference trajectory can not be designed to achieve accurate contact force control. The other problem is the design of robust robot position controllers to accurately track the reference trajectory in the presence of robot dynamics uncertainties. There have been many attempts made in the past to solve the problem of unknown environment stii-ness such as by employing separate reference trajec-tory modiication control loop using integral control 3], or by generating reference position using adaptive control 4, 5]. Although these techniques are shown to work, they tend to increase the complexity of the system dynamics which requires special attention to system stability. In this paper we propose a simple technique for reference trajectory design in the case when environment stiiness is assumed unknown. The design makes use of the contact force information, which can be measured using force sensors, instead of environment stii-ness since they are directly related. Consequently, the design approach is able to provide reference trajecto-ries for unknown and arbitrarily varying environment stiinesses. This capability is of great practical interests as a given environment may exhibit non-uniform stiiness along the path of contact. The reference trajectory …