Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Method for Calculating Pseudo Sonics from E-Logs in a Clastic Geologic Setting

Sonic (DT) logs used for synthetic seismogram (SS) calculation are often not available when needed. The interpreter must rely on a pseudo-sonic (DTP) derived from other log curves to generate the SS. It is the purpose of this study to identify methods and practices that are accessible to working geoscientists for solving this problem. A cross-plot analysis of Gulf Coast onshore logs was performed in order to examine the relationship between the DT log and resistivity curves (RS) and to identify the proper choice of RS curve to use for creating a DTP. A method to quantify the DT/RS relationship for a geologically similar area was established which may be applied to wells that do not have DT curves or to fill gaps in partial DT logs. It was shown that the DT/RS relationship varies with RS log type, location, depth, lithology and formation age. With this relationship determined, an accurate DTP from RS log can be computed using a depth and lithology dependent scale function.
Unravelling arthropod movement in natural landscapes: small-scale effects of body size and weather conditions

Movement is a crucial life history component and holds direct significance to population dynamics, thereby influencing population viability. For arthropods in general, larger species achieve greater dispersal distances and large-scale movements are influenced by weather conditions. However, many aspects of arthropod movement behaviour remain relatively unexplored, especially on small spatial scales. Studies on this topic are scarce and often limited to a few specific species or laboratory conditions. Consequently, it remains uncertain whether the effects of body size and weather conditions can be generalized across a wide range of arthropod species in natural environments. To help address this knowledge gap, we conducted a field study in two nature reserves in Belgium, focusing on both flying and cursorial arthropods. Over 200 different arthropod species were captured and released within a circular setup, allowing quantification of movement speed and direction. By analysing the relationship between these movement variables and morphological (body size) as well as environmental factors (temperature and wind), we aimed to gain insights into the mechanisms driving small-scale arthropod movement under natural conditions. For flying species, movement speed is positively correlated with both body size and (tail)wind speed. In contrast, movement speed of cursorial individuals was solely positively related with temperature. Notably, movement direction was biased towards the vegetated areas where the arthropods were originally caught, suggesting an internal drive to move towards suitable habitat. This tendency was particularly strong in larger flying individuals, in smaller cursorial species and under tailwind conditions. Furthermore, both flying and cursorial taxa were hindered from moving towards the habitat by strong upwind. Body size can be used as a useful proxy for not only movement speed, but orientation capacity as well. This movement-size correlation is, at least at small temporal scales, conditional to the prevailing wind conditions.
Sex differences in dispersal predict sex differences in helping across cooperative birds and mammals

Sex differences in cooperation are widespread, but their evolution remains poorly understood. Here we use phylogenetic comparative methods to test the Dispersal hypothesis for the evolution of sex differences in contributions to cooperative care across the cooperatively breeding birds and mammals. The Dispersal hypothesis predicts that, where non-breeding individuals of both sexes help to rear offspring within their natal group, the more dispersive sex will contribute less (either because leaving the natal group earlier reduces the downstream direct benefit from cooperation or because dispersal activities trade-off against cooperation). Our analyses reveal (i) support for the Dispersal hypothesis (sex biases in dispersal predict sex biases in natal cooperation across taxa), and (ii) that this pattern cannot be readily attributed to alternative hypothesized drivers of sex differences in cooperation (kin selection, heterogamety, paternity uncertainty, patterns of parental care or differences between birds and mammals). Our findings help to clarify the evolutionary drivers of sex differences in cooperation and highlight the need for single-species studies to now tease apart whether sex differences in dispersal predict sex differences in natal cooperation because dispersal impacts the direct benefits of natal cooperation (as is often proposed) or because activities that promote dispersal trade-off against natal cooperation.
Improved CAR-T cell activity associated with increased mitochondrial function primed by galactose

CD19 CAR-T cells have led to durable remissions in patients with refractory B-cell malignancies; nevertheless, most patients eventually relapse in the long term. Many interventions aimed at improving current products have been reported, with a subset of them focusing on a direct or indirect link to the metabolic state of the CAR-T cells. We assessed clinical products from an ongoing clinical trial utilizing CD19-28z CAR-T cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. CAR-T clinical products leading to a complete response had significantly higher mitochondrial function (by oxygen consumption rate) irrespective of mitochondrial content. Next, we replaced the carbon source of the media from glucose to galactose to impact cellular metabolism. Galactose-containing media increased mitochondrial activity in CAR-T cells, and improved in vitro efficacy, without any consistent phenotypic change in memory profile. Finally, CAR-T cells produced in galactose-based glucose-free media resulted in increased mitochondrial activity. Using an in vivo model of Nalm6 injected mice, galactose-primed CAR-T cells significantly improved leukemia-free survival compared to standard glucose-cultured CAR-T cells. Our results prove the significance of mitochondrial metabolism on CAR-T cell efficacy and suggest a translational pathway to improve clinical products.
Dopamine enhances multisensory responses in the dorsomedial striatum

The brain operates with simultaneous different sensory modalities in order to engage adaptive responses. However, the question of how (and where) multisensory information is integrated remains unanswered. In the dorsomedial striatum, single medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are excited by tactile and visual inputs; however, the mechanism which allows the integration of these responses and how they are shaped by dopamine is unknown. Using in vivo optopatch-clamp recordings, we study how dopamine modulates tactile, visual and simultaneous bimodal responses in identified MSNs and their spontaneous activity. Results show that dopamine enhances bimodal responses, specifically in direct pathway MSNs, through the acceleration of the visual responses. We provide anatomical and computational evidence suggesting that this relies on the disinhibition of direct MSNs by a cell-type-specific corticostriatal pathway. Altogether, our in vivo, in silico and tracing results propose a new mechanism underlying the synchronization of multimodal information mediated by dopamine.
Dynein directs prophase centrosome migration to control the stem cell division axis in the developing C. elegans epidermis

The microtubule motor dynein is critical for the assembly and positioning of mitotic spindles. In C. elegans, these dynein functions have been extensively studied in the early embryo but remain poorly explored in other developmental contexts. Here we use a hypomorphic dynein mutant to investigate the motor’s contribution to asymmetric stem cell-like divisions in the larval epidermis. Live imaging of seam cell divisions that precede formation of the seam syncytium shows that mutant cells properly assemble but frequently mis-orient their spindle. Mis-oriented divisions misplace daughter cells from the seam cell row, generate anucleate compartments due to aberrant cytokinesis, and disrupt asymmetric cell fate inheritance. Consequently, the seam becomes disorganized and populated with extra cells that have lost seam identity, leading to fatal epidermal rupture. We show that dynein orients the spindle through the cortical GOA-1Gαi–LIN-5NuMA pathway, which directs the migration of prophase centrosomes along the anterior–posterior axis. Spindle mis-orientation in the dynein mutant can be rescued by stretching cells, implying that dynein–dependent cortical cues and elongated cell shape jointly ensure correct asymmetric division of epithelial stem cells.
Fruit Plants Species along Corridor in Kopendukuh Village as a Resource for Rural Tourism Development

This research aims to identify fruit plants species which is potential for tourism attraction, spatially describes fruit plants distribution and identify local people’s response for fruit plants as tourims attraction in Kopendukuh village, Banyuwangi. Survey was done along the villages corridors. The fruit plant species along corridors was identified and mapped using GPS. Furthermore, semi-structural interview was used to gain informations of local people response about fruit plants as tourism attraction. There were about 18 species and 162 individuals were found along corridor of Kopendukuh village. Fruit plants always found in local home gardens along rural corridor. Local peoples argue that fruit planst s important for numerous purposes. Local people support tourism development in rural area which based on the fruit plants richness (i.e. agrotourism). Keywords: fruit plants, mapping, corridor, rural tourism.
Comparison of In-Frame Deletion, Homology-Directed Repair, and Prime Editing-Based Correction of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Mutations

Recent progress in CRISPR gene editing tools has substantially increased the opportunities for curing devastating genetic diseases. Here we compare in-frame deletion by CRISPR-based non-homologous blunt end joining (NHBEJ), homology-directed repair (HDR), and prime editing (PE, PE2, and PE3)-based correction of two Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) loss-of-function mutations (c.5533G>T and c.7893delC). To enable accurate and rapid evaluation of editing efficiency, we generated a genomically integrated synthetic reporter system (VENUS) carrying the DMD mutations. The VENUS contains a modified enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) gene, in which expression was restored upon the CRISPR-mediated correction of DMD loss-of-function mutations. We observed that the highest editing efficiency was achieved by NHBEJ (74–77%), followed by HDR (21–24%) and PE2 (1.5%) in HEK293T VENUS reporter cells. A similar HDR (23%) and PE2 (1.1%) correction efficiency is achieved in fibroblast VENUS cells. With PE3 (PE2 plus nicking gRNA), the c.7893delC correction efficiency was increased 3-fold. Furthermore, an approximately 31% correction efficiency of the endogenous DMD: c.7893delC is achieved in the FACS-enriched HDR-edited VENUS EGFP+ patient fibroblasts. We demonstrated that a highly efficient correction of DMD loss-of-function mutations in patient cells can be achieved by several means of CRISPR gene editing.
Control of mitophagy initiation and progression by the TBK1 adaptors NAP1 and SINTBAD

Mitophagy preserves overall mitochondrial fitness by selectively targeting damaged mitochondria for degradation. The regulatory mechanisms that prevent PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy and other selective autophagy pathways from overreacting while ensuring swift progression once initiated are largely elusive. Here, we demonstrate how the TBK1 adaptors NAP1 and SINTBAD restrict the initiation of OPTN-driven mitophagy by competing with OPTN for TBK1. Conversely, they promote the progression of NDP52-driven mitophagy by recruiting TBK1 to NDP52 and stabilizing its interaction with FIP200. Notably, OPTN emerges as the primary recruiter of TBK1 during mitophagy initiation, which in return boosts NDP52-mediated mitophagy. Our results thus define NAP1 and SINTBAD as cargo receptor rheostats, elevating the threshold for mitophagy initiation by OPTN while promoting the progression of the pathway once set in motion by supporting NDP52. These findings shed light on the cellular strategy to prevent pathway hyperactivity while still ensuring efficient progression.
Rheology of till beneath Storglaciären, Sweden

Abstract In order to study, in situ, the rheology of a deforming subglacial till, various instruments were emplaced in till beneath Storglaciären, Sweden. Boreholes were used to gain access to the till beneath about 100 m of ice. Tiltmeters provided an estimate of the shear strain rate in the till. Two other instruments yielded measures of till strength. In addition, water pressures were recorded in boreholes and in the till, a computer-controlled distance meter provided an effectively continuous record of the surface velocity and data from frequent surveys of a stake network were used to estimate the mean basal drag, based on a force-balance calculation. Tilt rates varied directly with effective pressure, so decreases in water pressure apparently increased the coupling between the glacier and the bed. Surface speed was either out of phase with tilt or varied independently of tilt. Thus, increases in speed were apparently a consequence either of longitudinal coupling or of reduced coupling between the glacier and the bed; they were not a result of till deformation! Till strength varied directly with effective pressure, which is consistent with it being a Mohr – Coulomb, or frictional material. The devices measuring till strength are presumed to have been pulled through the till at a speed that varied in phase with the surface speed but till strength did not vary systematically with surface speed. This implies that the residual strength of the till is insensitive to strain rate. Thus, the appropriate constitutive equation for till rheology may be of the form: where k is a constant. This is consistent with experimental data reported in the geotechnical literature.
Structure prediction of alternative protein conformations

Proteins are dynamic molecules whose movements result in different conformations with different functions. Neural networks such as AlphaFold2 can predict the structure of single-chain proteins in the conformations most likely to exist in the PDB. However, almost all conformations in the PDB are seen during training. Therefore, it is not possible to assess whether alternative protein conformations can be predicted or if these are reproduced from memory. Here, we train a new structure prediction network on a conformational split of the PDB to generate alternative conformations. Our network, Cfold, enables efficient exploration of the conformational landscape of monomeric protein structures. 52% (81) of the nonredundant alternative protein conformations evaluated here are predicted with high accuracy (TM-score>0.8). Cfold is freely available at: https://github.com/patrickbryant1/Cfold
Mobilization and Cellular Distribution of Phosphate in the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Unicellular organisms that live in marine environments must cope with considerable fluctuations in the availability of inorganic phosphate (Pi). Here, we investigated the extracellular Pi concentration-dependent expression, as well as the intracellular or extracellular localization, of phosphatases and phosphate transporters of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. We identified Pi-regulated plasma membrane-localized, ER-localized, and secreted phosphatases, in addition to plasma membrane-localized, vacuolar membrane-localized, and plastid-surrounding membrane-localized phosphate transporters that were also regulated in a Pi concentration-dependent manner. These studies not only add further knowledge to already existing transcriptomic data, but also highlight the capacity of the diatom to distribute Pi intracellularly and to mobilize Pi from extracellular and intracellular resources.
The Origin of Organized Crime in America: The New York City Mafia, 1891-1931

1. Introduction 2. Black Hand, Calabrians, and the Mafia 3. "First Family" of the New York Mafia 4. The Mafia and the Baff Murder 5. The Neapolitan Challenge 6. New York City in the 1920s 7. Castellammare War and "La Cosa Nostra" 8. Americanization and the Families 9. Localism, Tradition, and Innovation
Thermo‐evaporative fluxes from heterogeneous porous surfaces resolved by infrared thermography

Variations in evaporative fluxes from heterogeneous wet terrestrial surfaces may induce a distinct and spatially variable thermal signature detectable by modern infrared thermography (IRT) methods. Combining measured temperature distribution for an evaporative surface with surface energy balance offers a means for extraction of spatial and temporal distributions of evaporative flux as a function of surface temperature. Recent advances in IRT technology offer spatially resolved thermal images at unprecedented sensitivity for in situ estimation of surface evaporation flux distribution currently unobservable by other methods. We studied evaporation patterns from surfaces of initially saturated sand columns containing sharp vertical textural contrasts (fine‐sand inclusion in coarse‐sand background) to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. We examined several algorithms for model validation. Spatial and temporal IRT data are numerically inverted to obtain evaporation flux values that are compared with rates of mass loss from direct weighing of the samples. Analytical solutions of some special cases are also compared with the experimental data. We introduce a convenient approximation based on mean surface temperatures of similar textural regions to resolve spatial evaporative fluxes. Estimates are in good agreement with experimental results. Our results also confirm the occurrence of lateral capillary flows from coarse to fine sand in the presence of sharp heterogeneity during evaporation. The proposed method could under certain conditions be used to convert highly resolved temperature fields to deduce drying patterns of interest in various fields from hydrology to food processing and other engineering applications.
Psychometric characteristics of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale–Revised in a population of Polish university students

The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale–Revised (CESD-R) has already been validated on the Polish population. However, the structure of the scale obtained at that time was not confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in subsequent studies on the Polish sample and measurement invariance for gender was not performed. The purpose of this article is to present the results of psychometric analyses to verify the structure of the CESD-R in a university student sample. An online cross-sectional study was conducted with 1519 university students (March/April 2021). The dataset was randomly divided into three subsets to perform principal component analysis (PCA, Subset 1) and CFA for CESD-R versions with different numbers of factors and items (Subsets 2 and 3). Measurement invariance for gender was verified for the whole sample. PCA pointed to a three-factor solution that was analyzed in the subsequent CFA. Due to high correlation coefficients between factors, further steps were taken using only one factor. For CFA, 20-, 18- and 9-item versions of the CESD-R were used, but the 9-item version obtained the best model fit parameters and was used to evaluate the measurement invariance for gender, which was confirmed. The 9-item CESD-R has the best model fit compared to other versions of this scale and is gender invariant. Further research is needed to verify the criterion validity of this shortened scale.
Demo: A Prototype for Detecting and Localizing Hidden Devices in Unfamiliar Environments

We have designed PanguVision: an Android software system that can be deployed on personal handheld devices (cell phones, PCs, etc.). The prototype described enables the detection of hidden devices and recognition of their types. It utilizes augmented reality to visualize the location of these hidden devices, facilitating swift identification. The demo showcases a prototype mounted on a user's handheld device, enabling users to detect and recognize hidden devices in unfamiliar environments. Test results show that the prototype achieves 98% accuracy in recognizing IoT device types, and the average error is controlled at 0.8m when locating the device.
Research on cloud manufacturing service recommendation based on graph neural network

There are an increasing number of manufacturing service resources appeared on the cloud manufacturing (CMfg) service platform recently, which leads to a serious information overloading problem to the enterprises that need these resources. To tackle this problem, a graph neural network-based recommendation method for CMfg service resources is proposed, which effectively overcomes some limitations of the traditional recommendation methods. Specifically, we first use different similarity calculation methods (e.g., Cosine similarity, Pearson correlation coefficient, etc.) to calculate the similarities between different resources based on the feature information of CMfg service resources. A resource graph dataset is accordingly established. A graph neural network is then used to perform representation learning of nodes in these graphs, obtaining the vector representations of these nodes. Finally, new links that may appear in a graph are predicted by performing dot product calculations on these nodes’ vector representations. And these links can be used to recommend suitable resources. Experiments mainly show that (i) the proposed method obtains better link prediction accuracy compared with that of other link prediction algorithms; (ii) when the network density used for training is relatively high, the predictive performance of the proposed method is improved significantly. Our method can shed light on how to choose suitable CMfg service resources from the CMfg service platform.
The impact of perceived everyday discrimination and income on racial and ethnic disparities in PTSD, depression, and anxiety among veterans

Objectives Black and Hispanic/Latinx individuals experience a greater burden of mental health symptoms as compared to White individuals in the general population. Examination of ethnoracial disparities and mechanisms explaining these disparities among veterans is still in its nascence. The current study examined perceived everyday discrimination and income as parallel mediators of the association between race/ethnicity and PTSD, depression, and general anxiety symptoms in a sample of White, Black, and Hispanic/Latinx veterans stratified by gender. Methods A random sample of 3,060 veterans living across the U.S. (oversampled for veterans living in high crime communities) completed a mail-based survey. Veterans completed self-report measures of perceived discrimination via the Everyday Discrimination Scale, PTSD symptoms via the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5, depressive symptoms via the Patient Health Questionnaire, and anxiety symptoms via the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire. Results Models comparing Black vs. White veterans found that the significant effect of race on PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms was mediated by both perceived discrimination and income for both male and female veterans. Results were less consistent in models comparing Hispanic/Latinx vs. White veterans. Income, but not perceived discrimination, mediated the relationship between ethnicity/race and depression and anxiety symptoms, but only among women. Conclusions Results suggest that discrimination and socioeconomic status are important mechanisms through which marginalized social status negatively impacts mental health.