Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ISSUES CONCERNING THE APPROXIMATION UNDERLYING THE SPECTRAL REPRESENTATION THEOREM

In many important textbooks the formal statement of the spectral representation theorem is followed by a process version, usually informal, stating that any stationary stochastic process {ξ(t), t ∈ T} is the limit in quadratic mean of a sequence of processes {S(n,t), t ∈ T}, each consisting of a finite sum of harmonic oscillations with stochastic weights. The natural issues, whether the approximation error ξ(t) − S(n,t) is stationary or whether at least it converges to zero uniformly in t, have not been explicitly addressed in the literature. The paper shows that in all relevant cases, for T unbounded the process convergence is not uniform in t (so that ξ(t) − S(n,t) is not stationary). Equivalently, when T is unbounded the number of harmonic oscillations necessary to approximate ξ(t) with a preassigned accuracy depends on t. The conclusion is that the process version of the spectral representation theorem should explicitly mention that in general the approximation of ξ(t) by a finite sum of harmonic oscillations, given the accuracy, is valid for t belonging to a bounded subset of the real axis (of the set of integers in the discrete-parameter case). The author is grateful for very useful suggestions to Francesco Battaglia, Gianluca Cubadda, Domenico Marinucci, Enzo Orsingher, Dag Tjøstheim, and Umberto Triacca and also to an anonymous referee and the Econometric Theory co-editor Benedikt M. Pötscher.
Qualitative Pilot Study: Challenges Using Social Media Marketing To Reach and Engage Your Target Market

Introduction: The emergence of Internet-based social media has made it possible for one person to communicate with a population of consumers their companies serve. This study queried the opinions of professionals with expertise in social media marketing (SMM). Purpose: Current trends were assessed in SMM including: challenges, benefits, solutions, strategies, and relevant metrics for successful marketing to a target market and future perspectives concerning the development of SMM. Sample: Convenience sampling was used (N=7) and semi structured interviews were conducted. Procedure: Participants were interviewed by telephone. Interviews varied in length (16-39 min). Each subject was asked 10 prepared questions. Follow up questions were asked for clarification. All calls were recorded with subject consent. Thematic content analysis was completed. Results presented here reflect 4 or more subject responses. Results: Included a difficulty in relating the value proposition of social media marketing to small businesses, engagement becoming increasingly relevant with larger followings, an overall affirmative support for social media marketing due to the globalization of communication, producing incorrect content as a potential downfall of a company, strategy employment being contingent on the platform used, and a prospective growth of the industry. Interpretation: We construe understanding the target market and how to maintain engagement with them is the largest determining factor in the success of a company's marketing scheme. Communicating the value of social media marketing, or getting a company to expend resources towards it in the first place is the largest obstacle, likely due to the youth of the industry and current need for metrics that are objective in showing profit. Conclusion: Limitations include non responses, a voluntary sampling method, and lack in explanatory power due to a small sample size (n=7). Future studies to explore the most significant results and solutions to SMM challanges.
An uncapacitated facility location based cluster hierarchy scheme on wireless sensor networks

Cluster-Head (CH) nodes function as gateways between the sensors and the Base Station, in Wireless Sensor Networks with a cluster hierarchy. The total energy dissipation of the sensors can be reduced by optimizing the load balance within the cluster hierarchy. This paper proposes an uncapacitated facility location based cluster scheme in which the system lifetime is extended by adding an additional layer of Super-Cluster-Head (SCH) nodes, in order to ease the transmission load of the CHs and to balance the load distribution within the network. The SCH layer is configured using an uncapacitated facility location algorithm in which the facility and service costs are defined in terms of both the energy and the transmission distance. The simulation results confirm that the proposed method yields a better load balance in the SCH layer than that obtained using either a random configuration or a round-robin scheme. Finally, it is shown that irrespective of the size of the sensor field, the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional LEACH-C two-layer scheme in terms of the average energy dissipation of the nodes, the average survival times of the nodes, and the overall system lifetime.
Swift monitoring of Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients: the out-of-outburst behaviour and the flares from IGRJ17544-2916 and XTEJ1739-302

Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients (SFXTs) are a sub-class of High Mass X-ray Binaries (HMXBs) associated with OB supergiant companions and displaying transient X-ray activity. This behaviour is quite surprising since HMXBs hosting supergiants were known to be persistent sources, until the INTEGRAL discoveries obtained by means of the monitoring of the Galactic plane. We have been performing a monitoring campaign with Swift of four SFXTs with the main aim of characterizing both the long-term behaviour of these transients and the properties during bright outbursts. Here we discuss the properties of the X-ray emission observed outside the outbursts as well as the flares observed from two SFXTs: IGRJ17544-2916 and XTEJ1739-302. Contrarily to what previously thought, Swift allowed us to discover that SFXTs spend most of the time in accretion at a low level, even outside the bright outbursts, with an accretion luminosity of 1E33-1E34 erg/s, and that the quiescent level at ~1E32 erg/s is a much rarer state.
Cultural Adaptation of Websites: A Comparative Study of Portuguese and Dutch Websites

In a globalized world cultural adaptation has become a vital strategy for companies that desire to succeed beyond borders. However, adapt a website is not only to translate the local content of a website to the native language. The content analysis methodology was used to study a sample of Portuguese and Dutch websites collected from the “list of Fortune 500 companies and their websites”. The objective was to evaluate the extent of cultural adaptation of websites to Portuguese and Dutch based on Hofstede and Hall frameworks. The results showed that only the masculinity/femininity dimension were supported meaning that the websites were culturally adapted for both Portuguese and Dutch websites. The high/low-context culture hypothesis, although statistical significant, show that only the Dutch websites were culturally adapted. The collectivistic/individualistic dimension, although statistical significant, showed that only Dutch websites has been culturally adapted. The hypotheses H2 and H3 are both not statistical significant.
Genome of the Epsilonproteobacterial Chemolithoautotroph Sulfurimonas denitrificans

ABSTRACT Sulfur-oxidizing epsilonproteobacteria are common in a variety of sulfidogenic environments. These autotrophic and mixotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are believed to contribute substantially to the oxidative portion of the global sulfur cycle. In order to better understand the ecology and roles of sulfur-oxidizing epsilonproteobacteria, in particular those of the widespread genus Sulfurimonas, in biogeochemical cycles, the genome of Sulfurimonas denitrificans DSM1251 was sequenced. This genome has many features, including a larger size (2.2 Mbp), that suggest a greater degree of metabolic versatility or responsiveness to the environment than seen for most of the other sequenced epsilonproteobacteria. A branched electron transport chain is apparent, with genes encoding complexes for the oxidation of hydrogen, reduced sulfur compounds, and formate and the reduction of nitrate and oxygen. Genes are present for a complete, autotrophic reductive citric acid cycle. Many genes are present that could facilitate growth in the spatially and temporally heterogeneous sediment habitat from where Sulfurimonas denitrificans was originally isolated. Many resistance-nodulation-development family transporter genes (10 total) are present; of these, several are predicted to encode heavy metal efflux transporters. An elaborate arsenal of sensory and regulatory protein-encoding genes is in place, as are genes necessary to prevent and respond to oxidative stress.
Impact of Organizational Trauma on Workplace Behavior and Performance: Workplace Bullying Due to (In)Competency

Research suggests, according to Branch, Ramsay, and Barker (2013), that a significant number of people are exposed to persistent abusive treatment within the workplace, with the majority of studies within Europe indicating that between 10% and 15% of the workforce are exposed to workplace bullying (Zapf, Escartin, Einarsen, Hoel, & Vartia, 2011), with North American research reporting similar prevalence rates. This is a significant, ongoing dilemma for researchers and practitioners, for which an agreed resolution would be useful because of legal and policy implications. Hence, the purpose of this chapter is on the impact of organizational trauma on workplace behavior and performance based on workplace bullying. The chapter is based on a case study regarding a program that is funded by the Department of Education within a community college in the State of California. The community college is one of four community colleges under the same community college district.
High Redshift Clusters and Protoclusters

Our understanding of the cosmic history of galaxy clusters has recently been enhanced due to an extensive series of observations including faint spectroscopic data (especially those obtained at the Keck Observatory), deep optical and NIR imaging from the ground and in space, morphological data from HST, and new constraints on the evolution of the intracluster medium from ROSAT and ASCA. When such observations are applied to complete, objectively derived catalogs of clusters, our constraints on cluster formation and evolution become quite confined. A picture is emerging in which the bulk of cluster formation starts at z >= 2, yielding cluster potentials that are well established by z ~ 1, and there is little substantial evolution of the cluster galaxy population since z ~ 0.4. This review talk will summarize the current observational constraints on the properties and evolution of high redshift clusters and protoclusters and their implications.
A New Measure Based on Gene Ontology for Semantic Similarity of Genes

In this paper, we propose a novel method to measure the semantic similarity between genes. The key principle of our method relies on both path length between genes’ annotation terms in the Gene Ontology and depth of their annotation terms’ common ancestor node in the Gene Ontology. Our method applies an exponential transfer function which includes path length and depth as its two parameters to get the similarity of two annotation terms. We compute the arithmetic mean to get the similarity of genes. This measure ensures that the semantic similarity decreases with distance and increases with depth. A performance study with a set of genes from Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD) has demonstrated that our method outperforms the previous leading measures in certain cases. We also analyzed several pathways from SGD and the clustering results showed that our method is quite competitive.
Classification of Single Particles Analyzed by ATOFMS Using an Artificial Neural Network, ART-2A

Aerosol particles have received significant public and scientific attention in recent years due to studies linking them to global climatic changes and human health effects. In 1994, Prather et al. (Prather, K. A.; Nordmeyer, T.; Salt, K. Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 1403−1407) developed aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS), the first technique capable of simultaneously determining both size and chemical composition of polydisperse single particles in real time. ATOFMS can typically analyze between 50 and 100 particles/min under typical atmospheric conditions. This significant volume of data requires automated data analysis for efficient processing. This paper reports the successful analysis of ATOFMS data acquired during a 1996 field study in Southern California using an adaptive resonance theory-based neural network, ART-2a. The ART-2a network revealed particle categories consistent with those obtained previously by manual analysis. The classification was accomplished in less time than the acquisit.
Forwarding strategy on SDN-based content centric network for efficient content delivery

Content Centric Networking (CCN) paradigm has been proposed to solve the problems of current Internet Protocol (IP) communication. However there is one significant drawback in existing CCN, which is that interest packets are broadcasted to all over the network. This may not only result in slow in delivery of data but it is also causing a lot of network traffics due to a large number of interest packets. For this reason, it is obviously not suitable in a large-scale network. To address the problem we propose a novel packet forwarding strategy using Software Defined Networking (SDN) controller and application. There mainly consists of two processes in CCN. One is for interest packets and the other is for data packets. In this paper, we show how the forwarding mechanisms for the two types of packets are operated under SDN-based CCN in order to improve the efficiency of content delivery and utility of network resources.
Acquisition of a Signed Phonological System by Hearing Adults: the Role of Sign Structure and Iconcity

The phonological system of a sign language comprises meaningless sub-lexical units that define the structure of a sign. A number of studies have examined how learners of a sign language as a first language (L1) acquire these components. However, little is understood about the mechanism by which hearing adults develop visual phonological categories when learning a sign language as a second language (L2). Developmental studies have shown that sign complexity and iconicity, the clear mapping between the form of a sign and its referent, shape in different ways the order of emergence of a visual phonology. The aim of the present dissertation was to investigate how these two factors affect the development of a visual phonology in hearing adults learning a sign language as L2. The empirical data gathered in this dissertation confirms that sign structure and iconicity are important factors that determine L2 phonological development. Non-signers perform better at discriminating the contrastive features of phonologically simple signs than signs with multiple elements. Handshape was the parameter most difficult to learn, followed by movement, then orientation and finally location which is the same order of acquisition reported in L1 sign acquisition. In addition, the ability to access the iconic properties of signs had a detrimental effect in phonological development because iconic signs were consistently articulated less accurately than arbitrary signs. Participants tended to retain the iconic elements of signs but disregarded their exact phonetic structure. Further, non-signers appeared to process iconic signs as iconic gestures at least at the early stages of sign language acquisition. The empirical data presented in this dissertation suggest that non-signers exploit their gestural system as scaffolding of the new manual linguistic system and that sign L2 phonological development is strongly influenced by the structural complexity of a sign and its degree of iconicity.
Querying incomplete data over extended ER schemata

Abstract Since Chen's Entity-Relationship (ER) model, conceptual modeling has been playing a fundamental role in relational data design. In this paper we consider an extended ER (EER) model enriched with cardinality constraints, disjointness assertions, and is a relations among both entities and relationships. In this setting, we consider the case of incomplete data, which is likely to occur, for instance, when data from different sources are integrated. In such a context, we address the problem of providing correct answers to conjunctive queries by reasoning on the schema. Based on previous results about decidability of the problem, we provide a query answering algorithm that performs rewriting of the initial query into a recursive Datalog query encoding the information about the schema. We finally show extensions to more general settings.
Abductive Reasoning and Second Language Learning

Although much work has been conducted on deductive and inductive approaches to second language learning, insufficient attention has been dedicated to abductive reasoning. This paper presents the results from an exploratory study on the processes that motivate initial hypothesis-making and their possible repercussions for L2 instruction. More specifically, the beginner foreign language learners’ ability to infer word meaning based on their overall linguistic knowledge (e.g., knowledge of the first language, knowledge of other foreign languages) was tested in order to draw conclusions about abductive reasoning in L2 learning.
Beyond Faces and Expertise

Holistic processing—the tendency to perceive objects as indecomposable wholes—has long been viewed as a process specific to faces or objects of expertise. Although current theories differ in what causes holistic processing, they share a fundamental constraint for its generalization: Nonface objects cannot elicit facelike holistic processing in the absence of expertise. Contrary to this prevailing view, here we show that line patterns with salient Gestalt information (i.e., connectedness, closure, and continuity between parts) can be processed as holistically as faces without any training. Moreover, weakening the saliency of Gestalt information in these patterns reduced holistic processing of them, which indicates that Gestalt information plays a crucial role in holistic processing. Therefore, holistic processing can be achieved not only via a top-down route based on expertise, but also via a bottom-up route relying merely on object-based information. The finding that facelike holistic processing can extend beyond the domains of faces and objects of expertise poses a challenge to current dominant theories.
Supporting Secure Scalable End-To-End QoS In 4 G Mobile Wireless Networks

With the convergence of the Internet and wireless communications, mobile wireless networks and data services are undergoing tremendous evolutionary growth that has seen the development of fourth generation (4G) mobile wireless access technologies based on an all-IP platform. However, major challenges in the development of such heterogeneous network infrastructure such as quality of service (QoS) provisioning and network security services for mobile users' communication flows, among others still exists. In this paper an integrated architectural view and methodology for QoS and security support in 4G mobile wireless networks, which integrates QoS signaling with secure enhanced evolved packet system authentication and key agreement (SEEPS AKA protocol) is presented. The success of 4G mobile wireless networks depends on the prudent deployment of homogeneously designed, high-speed, secure, multiservice IP-centric integrated multimedia, voice and data networks.
Corporate Social Responsibility within the Thai with ThaiBev Football Community

This research is aimed to study the model and benefit of the ThaiBev Football Academy project, the football community to present Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) sport activity with efficiency and effectiveness, under the conception of fundamental management “4Ms”, as Man, Money, Materials, and Method aiming for sustainable development of youths and society. The researcher applied field research and survey research to gather data and making an analysis by calculating its frequency. Nonprobability sampling with purposive technique is also adopted in this paper. The result shows that the management model of the ThaiBev Football Academy in this research which the researcher has studied in three aspects comprising 1) Operational management: more than 98 percent of the sample group viewed that the process as proper and suitable, 2) Resource management: 94 percent of the sample group thought that the resources are sufficient and 3) Benefits: where the beneficiaries are subdivided into three groups. These three groups reveal that 1) all the youths have benefited from this project (100 percent), 2) the parents have benefited from this project (96.2 percent), and 3) the Company, the owner of this project, has benefited from this project (97 percent). Therefore, it can be concluded that “ThaiBev Football Academy Project” for the community can be implemented as a sustainable CSR activity through the sport of football. Nevertheless, the study of CSR in the football sport is in a case of the ThaiBev Football Academy, which found that the Company has little understanding of CSR principles. The Company’s employees only knew CSR in terms of donations or funding, while the community may show social responsibility by participating as a part of the project
Post-traumatic Epilepsy : An Overview

Post-traumatic epilepsy is defined by the development of chronic seizures following head trauma. It comprises five percent of the total cases of epilepsy. Use of seat belts and helmets also make this a preventable cause of epilepsy. Multiple theories have been postulated to explain the mechanisms behind the development of post-traumatic epilepsy, including free radical damage caused by blood in the brain parenchyma, increases in excitatory activity, and changes in the inhibitory functions of the brain. As the mechanisms behind the development of post-traumatic epilepsy are discovered, therapies may be developed that can prevent epilepsy after head trauma has occurred.
Providing a solution for negative impact of corrupted frames on inter frame spaces in IEEE 802.11 protocol on Ad Hoc networks

Since the determination of IEEE 802.11 protocol behavior against various scenarios is important, Therefore we offer two scenarios that how corrupted frames are effected on inter frame spaces and its adverse effect impact on efficiency and fairness are explained. Finally, a simple and efficient solution is provided, which in addition to solving those problems it doesn't show side affects on previous famous scenarios. Results from simulation experiments reveal that the new algorithm achieves higher throughput.
Evaluation of coding and modulation schemes based on Golay complementary sequences for efficient OFDM transmission

Block codes based on Golay complementary sequences have been proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission to obtain signals with flat envelopes. These codes confine the peak-to-average power ratio of multicarrier signals to a favorable value of 3 dB at the cost of a lower code rate. Additionally, the coding employs diversity which renders a performance improvement in frequency-selective fading channels. This paper contains a discussion on the capabilities and the limits of OFDM transmission techniques using such codes. Different coding and modulation schemes are compared and guidelines are provided for the choice of the appropriate transmission scheme. The Magic WAND (wireless ATM network demonstrator) system set-up is used to discuss the requirements of a practical system.