Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing stillbirth in bangladesh: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND Studies on a limited scale in urban settings of Bangladesh report stillbirth rates that do not specifically provide information on the situation of underprivileged slum populations. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of, and risk factors associated with, stillbirth in a developing population. METHODS A case-control study was conducted on women having a singleton birth between November 2008 and April 2009 in 34 slum areas in Dhaka. Data were collected on 231 women with stillbirth (cases) and 464 women having livebirth (controls). This study utilised the records of the Manoshi programme and supplemented it with data obtained through interview of the women. RESULTS The stillbirth rate was 26 per 1000 total births, of which 62% occurred during the intrapartum period. Obstetrical complications contributed to 61.4% of stillbirths. Illiterate women [odds ratio (OR) 1.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1, 2.2]], women aged ≥35 years (OR 2.9 [95% CI 1.5, 25.5]), preterm delivery (OR 5.2 [95% CI, 3.2, 8.5]), prolonged labour (OR 2.8 [95% CI 1.6, 4.6]) and failure of labour progress (OR 2.4 [95% CI 1.1, 5.5]) were significant maternal risk factors, while decreased fetal movement, fetal malpresentation and fetal distress were the fetal risk factors associated with stillbirth. CONCLUSIONS Risk factors associated with stillbirths are amenable to intervention. There is an urgent need to educate pregnant women about risk factors for stillbirths during antenatal visits. Encouraging women to deliver at health facilities and better management of obstetrical complications may help reduce the burden of stillbirths in Bangladesh.
Effect of Experimenter's Gender on Responses to a Sex-Role Attitude Questionnaire

Previous experiments have demonstrated that the gender of an experimenter will influence a subject's responses to a sex-role attitude questionnaire. The present study was designed to determine if the effect of the experimenter's gender could be modified as a function of instruction set. Although effects of experimenter's and subject's gender were significant and consistent with previous findings, no significant main effect of instruction was found. There was, however, a significant interaction of subjects' gender and instruction.
Forms of knowing and academic development practice

Academic development has emerged as an important new site of practice in higher education internationally over the past 40 years, and has been influential in shaping the terms of debate about teaching and learning in higher education. Academic development has shifted its focus from the individual teacher to strategic interventions at institutional and national levels. This article argues that much of the writing by academic developers has a rhetorical function in legitimising academic development’s role. The article explores the sorts of accounts academic developers produce about themselves, and argues that academic development practice is a form of artistry and a ‘concrete science’. The article asks questions, therefore, about the contexts within which academic development has emerged, the stakes both for academic developers and the wider academic community, the sorts of knowledge being produced by academic developers about themselves and others, and the relationship between theory and practice and the possibilities of critique.
Optimality of proper signaling in Gaussian MIMO broadcast channels with shaping constraints

Proper (i.e., circularly symmetric) Gaussian signals are known to be capacity-achieving in Gaussian multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channels with proper noise in the sense that the sum rate capacity under a sum power constraint is achievable with proper Gaussian signaling. In this paper, we generalize this statement by proving that the optimality of proper Gaussian signals also holds under a shaping constraint, i.e., a sum covariance constraint instead of a power constraint. Moreover, we show that not only the sum rate optimal point, but the whole capacity region can be achieved with proper Gaussian signals. Finally, we prove that the worst-case noise in a MIMO broadcast channel with shaping constraints is proper.
Gender differences in entrance patterns and awards in initial teacher education

This paper explores a number of themes relating to gender and teaching. The existing balance of women and men in the teaching profession in Ireland and internationally is examined; patterns at entry to initial teacher education in Ireland are outlined; gender differences in final awards are presented; finally, sociological questions raised by these trends are discussed. The international figures on teaching presented imply that the feminisation of teaching is a historical and economic process as much as it is a social, psychological or educational one. What is clear from the analysis of the feminisation of teaching presented here is that prior educational achievement by young men plays a significant role in their patterns of entry into initial teacher education. The lower levels of achievement by men also extend to the levels of award taken in their initial teacher education courses. However, higher educational achievement by women in undergraduate university courses is not confined to initial teacher education but is to be found in almost all disciplinary areas.
The Effects of Environmental Regulation on the Competitiveness of U.S. Manufacturing

The economic costs of environmental regulations have been widely debated since the U.S. began to restrict pollution emissions more than four decades ago. Using detailed production data from nearly 1.2 million plant observations drawn from the 1972-1993 Annual Survey of Manufactures, we estimate the effects of air quality regulations on manufacturing plants' total factor productivity (TFP) levels. We find that among surviving polluting plants, stricter air quality regulations are associated with a roughly 2.6 percent decline in TFP. The regulations governing ozone have particularly large negative effects on productivity, though effects are also evident among particulates and sulfur dioxide emitters. Carbon monoxide regulations, on the other hand, appear to increase measured TFP, especially among refineries. The application of corrections for the confounding of price increases and output declines and sample selection on survival produce a 4.8 percent estimated decline in TFP for polluting plants in regulated areas. This corresponds to an annual economic cost from the regulation of manufacturing plants of roughly $21 billion, about 8.8 percent of manufacturing sector profits in this period.
Modified gap arthroplasty and Myrhaug's incision as a treatment option in management of temporomandibular joint ankylosis: a study of 10 cases.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to evaluate effectiveness of modified gap arthroplasty procedure and modified Myrhaug's preauricular incision for treating bony temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 10 cases were included in the study with Sawhney's type III and IV TMJ ankylosis. Study consisted of 6 males and 4 females. Three cases were treated for bilateral ankylosis and 7 were treated for unilateral ankylosis. All the patients were treated with modified gap arthroplasty and modified Myrhaug's incision was used. In this modification, osteotomy cuts were modified in such a way that coronoid process was also removed simultaneously along with the osteotomized ankylosed mass in one piece. RESULTS All the patients were followed up for 5 years and none of them presented with recurrence. Two patients had transient paresis to zygomatic and temporal branch of facial nerve and none had permanent damage to the nerve. Seven patients had mouth opening more than 25 mm (p) when followed for 5 years. Anterior open bite was seen in 4 patients and deviation of the jaw on ipsilateral side was noted in 2 patients. CONCLUSION Modified gap arthroplasty gave successful results in the follow-up period and eliminated the need of separate coronoidectomy. Use of modified Myrhaug's preauricular approach, provided excellent visibility particularly of the elongated coronoid process, minimized bleeding, prevented damage to the vital anatomical structures surrounding the joint and gave acceptable cosmetic results. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The modified incision has been found to be reducing intra- and postoperative morbidity as well as provides excellent accessibility. The modified osteotomy technique eliminated the need for separate coronoidectomy thus significantly reducing the operating time.
Simulation and Synthesis of Combinational Shifter using Reversible Gates

In today’s world, the complexity of the chip is increasing as more and more devices are being connected on a single chip. As the number of devices on the chip increases, the devices must be scaled so that they can be accommodated on a chip of small size. Due to the high density of the chip, the power dissipation increases demanding better power optimization methods. One of the methods to achieve power optimization is by using Reversible logic. It can be used in Low Power CMOS designs, Quantum Computing, Nanotechnology and Optical Computing. The objective of this work is to design a Combinational Logic Shifterthat is most often found in digital systems, where they are used to move data bits to new locations on a data bus or to perform simple multiplication and division operations. The performance characteristics of the two proposed designsare verified using number of reversible gates, Garbage outputs and Quantum Cost. The performanceCharacteristics analysis is carried out in cadence digital design environment and CMOS implementation in cadence virtuoso.
“Nous autres c’est toujours bilingue anyways”: Code-Switching and Linguistic Displacement Among Bilingual Montréal Students

Code-switching (CS) is a linguistic phenomenon in which a bilingual speaker switches freely between their languages (codes) within a single utterance, conversational turn, or conversation. Linguists can often pinpoint a “we” code and a “they” code based on the speaker’s respective comfort levels with the two languages. This categorization is more complex in bilingual Québec, where English and French could be either “we” or “they” codes depending on whether the speaker is natively Francophone or Anglophone, or on the speaker’s national or political identity. This article presents an examination of CS patterns among Francophone students enrolled in Anglophone institutions and Anglophone students enrolled in a Francophone institution. These students’ (voluntary) linguistic displacement illuminates the way this phenomenon manifests among speakers outside of their linguistic “comfort zone. ” This provides insight into more profound Québécois identity issues, such as the ways that English- versus French-speakers view their linguistic role in the province’s bilingual fabric.
NADPH Oxidase Activation Contributes to Heavy Ion Irradiation–Induced Cell Death

Increased oxidative stress plays an important role in heavy ion radiation–induced cell death. The mechanism involved in the generation of elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) is not fully illustrated. Here we show that NADPH oxidase activation is closely related to heavy ion radiation–induced cell death via excessive ROS generation. Cell death and cellular ROS can be greatly reduced in irradiated cancer cells with the preincubation of diphenyleneiodium, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. Most of the NADPH oxidase (NOX) family proteins (NOX1, NOX2, NOX3, NOX4, and NOX5) showed increased expression after heavy ion irradiation. Meanwhile, the cytoplasmic subunit p47phox was translocated to the cell membrane and localized with NOX2 to form reactive NADPH oxidase. Our data suggest for the first time that ROS generation, as mediated by NADPH oxidase activation, could be an important contributor to heavy ion irradiation–induced cell death.
Transmission and Reception with Multiple Antennas: Theoretical Foundations

Wireless communication system design was until recently thought to have been limited in practice by time and bandwidth. The discovery that space, obtained by increasing the number of transmit and receive antennas, can also effectively generate degrees of freedom, and hence expand the range of choices made available to the design offers system designers important new opportunities. This paper focuses on the main aspects of single-user multiple-antenna theory, with the goal of presenting a comprehensive, yet compact, survey, emphasizing its mathematical aspects. After describing channel models, we compute the capacities they achieve, we briefly overview "space-time" codes, and we describe how suboptimum architectures can be employed to simplify the receiver.
International Strategies of Universities in England.

The ‘internationalisation’ of universities has recently become a keyword in many countries. With the progress of globalisation, the mobility of students and academic staff at universities has drastically increased in the past few decades. As a result, more universities are now trying to bring an international dimension to their institutions. While some universities are focusing on internationalising their curricula to meet the needs of a globalised society, others are emphasising the establishment of new collaboration agreements with foreign universities to raise their profiles further. These changes have made universities main players in the age of global knowledge competition, and consequently it has been important for universities to create solid international strategies in order to survive. In this context, the United Kingdom has probably been one of the most proactive countries in this field. This paper will examine the underlying concepts of internationalisation of universities in England. The aim of the research is to examine the different attitudes towards internationalisation between pre-1992 (‘old’ universities) and post-1992 (former polytechnic) universities, and to explore what kind of factors influenced their international strategies. This paper will also attempt to provide a possible explanation as to why higher education institutions in England are heading for internationalisation. A pre-1992 university as: raising our profile globally, forming meaningful alliances with institutions all over the globe for the purposes of research and teaching collaboration. It also means ensuring that we have a curriculum that is internationally relevant. It’s about interacting with international faculties [and] recruiting high quality students.
Human ERAL1 is a mitochondrial RNA chaperone involved in the assembly of the 28S small mitochondrial ribosomal subunit

The bacterial Ras-like protein Era has been reported previously to bind 16S rRNA within the 30S ribosomal subunit and to play a crucial role in ribosome assembly. An orthologue of this essential GTPase ERAL1 (Era G-protein-like 1) exists in higher eukaryotes and although its exact molecular function and cellular localization is unknown, its absence has been linked to apoptosis. In the present study we show that human ERAL1 is a mitochondrial protein important for the formation of the 28S small mitoribosomal subunit. We also show that ERAL1 binds in vivo to the rRNA component of the small subunit [12S mt (mitochondrial)-rRNA]. Bacterial Era associates with a 3′ unstructured nonanucleotide immediately downstream of the terminal stem–loop (helix 45) of 16S rRNA. This site contains an AUCA sequence highly conserved across all domains of life, immediately upstream of the anti-Shine–Dalgarno sequence, which is conserved in bacteria. Strikingly, this entire region is absent from 12S mt-rRNA. We have mapped the ERAL1-binding site to a 33 nucleotide section delineating the 3′ terminal stem–loop region of 12S mt-rRNA. This loop contains two adenine residues that are reported to be dimethylated on mitoribosome maturation. Furthermore, and also in contrast with the bacterial orthologue, loss of ERAL1 leads to rapid decay of nascent 12S mt-rRNA, consistent with a role as a mitochondrial RNA chaperone. Finally, whereas depletion of ERAL1 leads to apoptosis, cell death occurs prior to any appreciable loss of mitochondrial protein synthesis or reduction in the stability of mitochondrial mRNA.
Adolescence: Motivational, Attitudinal, and Personality Factors

Practical problems concerning the educational level and occupational skills of youth in increasingly technical societies have emphasized the importance of the research area in recent years. Formulae for motivating youth toward new or higher attainments have not been developed; however, progress has been made in specifying variables related to adolescent personality and motivation. The following research trends (1960-65) are discussed briefly as orientation to the plan of this chapter. 1. Motivational, attitudinal, and personality factors were studied as indicators of the adolescent's self-system, not as discrete elements in psychological make-up. The theoretical view of self (or ego) as an organized system of attitudes relating to other persons, objects, groups, institutions, and goals and lending characteristic consistency to behavior was reflected in research on clusters of attitudes and goals. The social expectation for behavior changes in adult directions, coupled with explicit denial of adult initiative (power) and profound bodily changes. can be met consistently only by corresponding changes in the self-system. 2. Studies relating self-other attitudes and goals to sociocultural variables broadened in attempts to specify the patterning of social contexts that impinge upon specific youth. Both his developing capacities and the greater mobility granted in modern societies expose the adolescent to a greater range of conditions in the immediate environment and in larger society than in childhood. The multiple environmental influences were clear in older and in recent community studies of the adolescent transition (Havighurst and others, 1962). Sampling studies have attempted to incorporate the multifaceted patterning of social contexts through multivariate analysis of questionnaire and test data (e.g., Rosenberg, 1965; Turner, 1964; Moore and Holtzman, 1965) and through combinations of data-gathering procedures (Ausubel, 1961; Sherif and Sherif, 1964, 1965). 3. Social structure and values ("subculture") prevailing among youth as well as interaction in specific peer groups were studied as a major source of personal standards and goals. The ambiguities in adult definitions of the period are conducive to a rift between adolescents and adults, its magnitude varying with the divergence between adult values and the
Low-Cost Tuning of Two-Step Algorithms for Scheduling Mixed-Parallel Applications onto Homogeneous Clusters

Due to the strong increase of processing units available to the end user, expressing parallelism of an algorithm is a major challenge for many researchers. Parallel applications are often expressed using a task-parallel model (task graphs), in which tasks can be executed concurrently unless they share a dependency. If these tasks can also be executed in a data-parallel fashion, e.g., by using MPI or OpenMP, then we call it a mixed-parallel programming model. Mixed-parallel applications are often modeled as directed a cyclic graphs (DAGs), where nodes represent the tasks and edges represent data dependencies. To execute a mixed-parallel application efficiently, a good scheduling strategy is required to map the tasks to the available processors. Several algorithms for the scheduling of mixed-parallel applications onto a homogeneous cluster have been proposed. MCPA (Modified CPA) has been shown to lead to efficient schedules. In the allocation phase, MCPA considers the total number of processors allocated to all potentially concurrently running tasks as well as the number of processors in the cluster. In this article, it is shown how MCPA can be extended to obtain a more balanced workload in situations where concurrently running tasks differ significantly in the number of operations. We also show how the allocation procedure can be tuned in order to deal not only with regular DAGs (FFT), but also with irregular ones. We also investigate the question whether additional optimizations of the mapping procedure, such as packing of allocations or backfilling, can reduce the make span of the schedules.
InetVis, a visual tool for network telescope traffic analysis

This article illustrates the merits of visual analysis as it presents preliminary findings using InetVis - an animated 3-D scatter plot visualization of network events. The concepts and features of InetVis are evaluated with reference to related work in the field. Tested against a network scanning tool, anticipated visual signs of port scanning and network mapping serve as a proof of concept. This research also unveils substantial amounts of suspicious activity present in Internet traffic during August 2005, as captured by a class C network telescope. InetVis is found to have promising scalability whilst offering salient depictions of intrusive network activity.
Hypertonicity-Induced Projections Reflect Cell Polarity in Mouse Metaphase II Oocytes: Involvement of Microtubules, Microfilaments, and Chromosomes1

Abstract A previous study showed that with hypertonic sucrose treatment, a projection is formed in mouse metaphase II (MII) oocytes in proximity to the spindle and chromosomes, where a polarized cortical domain is located. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in this process. Here, we designed a series of experiments to test the hypothesis that hypertonicity is the induction factor for the formation of projections in mouse MII oocytes. Our hypothesis was supported by the following evidence: 1) different concentrations of sucrose affected the formation and shape of projections, whereas serum or basic media had little effect; 2) other hypertonic sugar solutions could also induce projection formation; and 3) projections could also be induced by hypertonic NaCl solution. We then tested the hypothesis that the cytoskeleton was involved in the formation of hypertonicity-induced projections. This was investigated by culturing MII- and germinal vesicle-stage mouse oocytes in the presence or absence of cytoskeletal inhibitors, including cytochalasin B (disruption of actin filaments), nocodazole (disruption of microtubules), and taxol (polymerization of tubulin molecules). We found that none of the cytoskeletal inhibitors alone could prevent hypertonicity-induced projection formation, whereas the combination of cytochalasin B with nocodazole or with taxol blocked the formation of these projections in most matured oocytes. When immature oocytes were incubated in cytochalasin B, but not in nocodazole or taxol, the formation of an actin-rich domain and the peripheral positioning of the spindle were blocked during maturation; hence, no projections were formed, even after hypertonic sucrose treatment. Based on these observations, we propose that three components are necessary for projection formation: 1) a polarized cortical patch (e.g., an actin-rich domain), 2) rigid submembrane structures (e.g., a spindle and/or chromosomes), and 3) solid connections between the above. Any disturbance of one of these factors will affect the hypertonicity-induced projection formation. Hypertonicity-induced projection in mouse oocytes thus provides an experimental model for studies regarding cell polarity and the interaction between membrane and submembrane components.