Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapidly Fatal Radiation-induced Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) typically occurs as a primary tumour (i.e., primary GBM) and predominantly affects elderly patients. The remaining ~10% occur as a result of malignant progression from lower grade astrocytic tumours (i.e., secondary GBM). Although there are no certain causative environmental agents, prior radiation exposure may play a role. We report on a patient who had been treated six years prior for a vestibular schwannoma with high-dose conventional radiotherapy and subsequently developed a rapidly fatal glioblastoma at the same location. The diagnosis was confirmed by routine histopathology as well as more advanced techniques, such as whole genome copy number analysis.
Antimicrobial resistance among respiratory isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States

A national surveillance study was conducted to determine trends in antimicrobial resistance patterns among three common causes of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. Fifteen participating U.S. medical centers submitted clinically significant isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae to two central laboratories for testing with a group of 12 antimicrobial agents. The majority of isolates were recovered from adult males greater than 50 years old. Overall, 84.1% of 378 M. catarrhalis and 16.5% of 564 H. influenzae (29.5% of type b strains; 15.0% of non-type b strains) produced beta-lactamase and were thus resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. Resistance in H. influenzae to other agents was 2.1% to tetracycline, 0.7% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 1.1% to cefaclor, and 0.2% to cefuroxime and amoxicillin-clavulanate, while the M. catarrhalis isolates yielded very low MICs of these latter drugs. As demonstrated in prior studies, erythromycin showed little activity against H. influenzae. Of 487 S. pneumoniae isolates, 1 (0.2%) was penicillin resistant, while 3.8% were relatively resistant to penicillin, 4.5% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 2.3% were resistant to tetracycline, 1.2% were resistant to chloramphenicol, and 0.2% were resistant to erythromycin. Overall, the lowest resistance rates for these common bacterial respiratory pathogens were noted with amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefuroxime, and cefaclor.
Survey of respiratory diseases among chicken flocks in Japan for avian infectious bronchitis by the neutralization test with embryo-adapted Beaudette strain.

To diagnose serologically infectious bronchitis(IB) in field chickens, the embryo-adapted Beaudette strain of IB virus(IBV) was used for the neutralization test since there was broad cross-reactivity among the Beaudette strain and Japanese field isolates. With sera collected from all over Japan, 92.7% of the vaccinated and 68.7% of the unvaccinated healthy chickens showed positive neutralization of the embryo-adapted Beaudette strain. In a serological survey using paired sera collected during the period from 1980 to 1981, the roles of IBV and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg) were studied in outbreaks of respiratory diseases of broiler flocks, and 59.2% of IB, 8.3% of Mg and 10.9% of mixed infection with IB and Mg were found in the diseased flocks not vaccinated with IB vaccine, while 36.6% of IB, 13.4% of Mg, and 8.9% of mixed infection were diagnosed in vaccinated flocks. The age distribution of the flocks affected by IB showed the peak at 3 weeks in both vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. These results suggest that respiratory diseases of Japanese broilers are caused mainly by IBV and IB can not be completely prevented by vaccination.
Relativized logspace and generalized quantifiers over finite ordered structures

Abstract We here examine the expressive power of first order logic with generalized quantifiers over finite ordered structures. In particular, we address the following problem: Given a family Q of generalized quantifiers expressing a complexity class C, what is the expressive power of first order logic FO(Q) extended by the quantifiers in Q? From previously studied examples, one would expect that FO(Q) captures LC, i.e., logarithmic space relativized to an oracle in C. We show that this is not always true. However, after studying the problem from a general point of view, we derive sufficient conditions on C such that FO(Q) captures LC. These conditions are fulfilled by a large number of relevant complexity classes, in particular, for example, by NP. As an application of this result, it follows that first order logic extended by Henkin quantifiers captures LNP. This answers a question raised by Blass and Gurevich [Ann. Pure Appl. Logic, vol. 32, 1986]. Furthermore we show that for many families Q of generalized quantifiers (including the family of Henkin quantifiers), each FO(Q)-formula can be replaced by an equivalent FO(Q)-formula with only two occurrences of generalized quantifiers. This generalizes and extends an earlier normal-form result by I. A. Stewart [Fundamenta Inform, vol. 18, 1993].
Testing current synthesis models of the X-ray background

We present synthesis models of the X-ray background where the available X-ray observational constraints are used to derive information on the AGN population properties. We show the need for luminous X-ray absorbed AGNs, the QSO2s, in reproducing the 2-10 keV source counts at relatively bright fluxes. We compare a model where the evolution of absorbed AGNs is faster than that of unabsorbed ones, with a standard model where absorbed and unabsorbed AGNs evolve at the same rate. It is found that an increase by a factor of ~2 from z=0 to z~1.3 in the ratio between absorbed and unabsorbed AGNs would provide a significant improvement in the data description. Finally, we make predictions on the AGNs to be observed in deep X-ray surveys which contain information on the AGN space density at high redshift.
Macromodel for Ultrasonic Machining of Titanium and its Alloys: Designed Experiments

Abstract Titanium and its alloys have many potential engineering applications. There has been a critical need for cost-effective machining processes for titanium and its alloys. Not much work hitherto has been reported on the machining of tough materials like titanium by the ultrasonic machining process. An approach to macromodelling of the material removal rate, the tool wear rate, and surface roughness during ultrasonic machining of titanium and its alloys has been proposed and applied. Relationships between material removal rate (MMR), tool wear rate (TWR), surface roughness (SR), and other controllable machining parameters have been deduced by using Taguchi technique L18 orthogonal arrays. The comparison with experimental results will also serve as future validation of the model.
Abstract—the Paper Describes a Tamil Part of Speech (pos) Tagging Using a Corpus-based Approach by Formulating a Language Model Using Morpheme Components of Words. Rule Based Tagging, Markov Model Taggers, Hidden Markov Model

taggers and transformation-based learning tagger are some of the methods available for part of speech tagging. In this paper, we present a language model based on the information of the stem type, last morpheme, and previous to the last morpheme part of the word for categorizing its part of speech. For estimating the contribution factors of the model, we follow generalized iterative scaling technique. Presented model has the overall F-measure of 96%.
Evaluation of skeletal and dental age using third molar calcification, condylar height and length of the mandibular body

Aim: To identify the most reliable method for age estimation among three variables, that is, condylar height, length of mandibular body and third molar calcification by Demirjian's method. Materials and Methods: Orthopantomograms and lateral cephalograms of 60 patients with equal gender ratio were included in the study, among each gender 15 subjects were below 18 years and 15 subjects were above 18 years. Lateral cephalograms were traced, height of condyle and mandibular body are measured manually on the tracing paper, OPG's were observed on radiographic illuminator and maturity score of third molar calcification was noted according to Demirjian's method. All the measurements were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The results obtained are of no significant difference between estimated age and actual age with all three parameters (P > 0.9780 condylar height, P > 0.9515 length of mandibular body, P > 0.8611 third molar calcification). Among these three, length of mandibular body shows least standard error test (i.e. 0.188). Conclusion: Although all three parameters can be used for age estimation, length of mandibular body is more reliable followed by height of condyle and third molar calcification.
Succinct Data Structures in Information Retrieval: Theory and Practice

Succinct data structures are used today in many information retrieval applications, e.g., posting lists representation, language model representation, indexing (social) graphs, query auto-completion, document retrieval and indexing dictionary of strings, just to mention the most recent ones. These new kind of data structures mimic the operations of their classical counterparts within a comparable time complexity but require much less space. With the availability of several libraries for basic succinct structures - like SDSL, Succinct, Facebook? s Folly, and Sux - it is relatively easy to directly profit from advances in this field. In this tutorial we will introduce this field of research by presenting the most important succinct data structures to represent set of integers, set of points, trees, graphs and strings together with their most important applications to Information Retrieval problems. The introduction of the succinct data structures will be sustained with a practical session with programming handouts to solve. This will allow the attendees to directly experiment with implementations of these solutions on real datasets and understand the potential benefits they can bring on their own projects.
TOC-PID control for double integrating systems with input saturation

This paper introduces a nonlinear composite control, method, i.e., a combination of time optimal control (TOC) and PID control, for double integrating systems with input saturation. The TOC part is designed to enable the time optimization. Unfortunately, it is well known that the classical TOC is not robust with respect to the system uncertainties and measurement noises. Therefore, we proposed the method to solve the drawback of TOC. In the method, when the error is small to a certain level, it will switches to the PID part to overcome the chatter problem caused by the TOC. Finally, the simulation results, approximate time optimization and fair robustness demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Dynamic calibration of current-steering DAC

High accuracy digital to analog converters (DACs) are becoming increasingly important as the common used building block in communication systems. With the increasing of the update rate, dynamic performance of such DACs at high frequencies is of particular interest. The dynamic performance is often characterized by the spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) and the SFDR is limited by the spectral harmonics which are attributed by system nonlinearities. In this paper, the dynamic nonlinearity is analyzed and its effect on the output waveform is discussed. An approach is presented to calibrate the dynamic errors. The validity of this approach is demonstrated with a 15-bit current steering DAC. Simulation results show that the approach is robust and the SFDR can be correspondingly significantly improved by using this calibration scheme
Satisfying Real-world Goals with Dataset Constraints

The goal of minimizing misclassification error on a training set is often just one of several real-world goals that might be defined on different datasets. For example, one may require a classifier to also make positive predictions at some specified rate for some subpopulation (fairness), or to achieve a specified empirical recall. Other real-world goals include reducing churn with respect to a previously deployed model, or stabilizing online training. In this paper we propose handling multiple goals on multiple datasets by training with dataset constraints, using the ramp penalty to accurately quantify costs, and present an efficient algorithm to approximately optimize the resulting non-convex constrained optimization problem. Experiments on both benchmark and real-world industry datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Plasma total homocysteine, pregnancy complications, and adverse pregnancy outcomes: the Hordaland Homocysteine study.

BACKGROUND Total homocysteine (tHcy) measured in serum or plasma is a marker of folate status and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate associations between tHcy and complications and adverse outcomes of pregnancy. DESIGN Plasma tHcy values measured in 1992-1993 in 5883 women aged 40-42 y were compared with outcomes and complications of 14492 pregnancies in the same women that were reported to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway from 1967 to 1996. RESULTS When we compared the upper with the lower quartile of plasma tHcy, the adjusted risk for preeclampsia was 32% higher [odds ratio (OR): 1. 32; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.77; P for trend = 0.02], that for prematurity was 38% higher (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.75; P for trend = 0.005), and that for very low birth weight was 101% higher (OR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.23, 3.27; P for trend = 0.003). These associations were stronger during the years closest to the tHcy determination (1980-1996), when there was also a significant relation between tHcy concentration and stillbirth (OR: 2.03; 95% CI: 0.98, 4.21; P for trend = 0.02). Neural tube defects and clubfoot had significant associations with plasma tHcy. Placental abruption had no relation with tHcy quartile, but the adjusted OR when tHcy concentrations >15 micromol/L were compared with lower values was 3.13 (95% CI: 1.63, 6. 03; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Elevated tHcy concentration is associated with common pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
The calcium sensor STIM1 is an essential mediator of arterial thrombosis and ischemic brain infarction

Platelet activation and aggregation are essential to limit posttraumatic blood loss at sites of vascular injury but also contributes to arterial thrombosis, leading to myocardial infarction and stroke. Agonist-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i is a central step in platelet activation, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. A major pathway for Ca2+ entry in nonexcitable cells involves receptor-mediated release of intracellular Ca2+ stores, followed by activation of store-operated calcium (SOC) channels in the plasma membrane. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) has been identified as the Ca2+ sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that activates Ca2+ release–activated channels in T cells, but its role in mammalian physiology is unknown. Platelets express high levels of STIM1, but its exact function has been elusive, because these cells lack a normal ER and Ca2+ is stored in a tubular system referred to as the sarcoplasmatic reticulum. We report that mice lacking STIM1 display early postnatal lethality and growth retardation. STIM1-deficient platelets have a marked defect in agonist-induced Ca2+ responses, and impaired activation and thrombus formation under flow in vitro. Importantly, mice with STIM1-deficient platelets are significantly protected from arterial thrombosis and ischemic brain infarction but have only a mild bleeding time prolongation. These results establish STIM1 as an important mediator in the pathogenesis of ischemic cardio- and cerebrovascular events.
[Tuberculosis in the armed forces].

MOBILIZATION began shortly after proclamation of an unlimited national emergency in May, 1940. The system of Selective Service for induction into the Army was established in September, 1940, and voluntary enlistment in the Army and Navy was rapidly accelerated. Army and Navy Reserve officers were called to active duty and the National Guard was called into federal service. A physical examination was required of every man prior to acceptance for military duty. Both Army and Navy set rigid standards to exclude men unable to stand the physical strain and other exigencies of service. Disease and abnormality likely to impair efficiency or lead to disability precluded acceptance. Among the diseases requiring rejection was tuberculosis. The Army had had an unfortunate experience with tuberculosis in World War I, when many thousands of tuberculous soldiers were unwittingly inducted into service because of inadequate methods of detecting the disease. Every effort was made to exclude tuberculosis at that time by the best method available, viz., physical examination, with emphasis on auscultation and searching examination for post-
Utility of Climate Information Based Reservoir Inflow Forecasts in Annual Water Allocation - Ceara Case Study

A dynamic water allocation framework for a multipurpose, single reservoir is formulated to utilize climate information based reservoir inflow forecasts to quantify the reliability of use for the given demand. Based on the semi-parametric approach of De Souza and Lall [2003], 12 months lead retrospective reservoir inflow forecasts were developed for the period July 1990June 2000 for the Oros reservoir utilizing the climatic conditions available up to June of that year. Based on the actual annual demand to be supplied by the Oros reservoir for the JMH system, the utility of climate forecasts for multipurpose water allocation is assessed utilizing the adaptive forecasts developed for the period 1990-2000. Since Oros reservoir is a multi-year storage reservoir, the initial storage available in July of every year was adequate enough to supply water for all the uses even under zero inflow assumption thereby reducing the utility of climate forecasts during normal inflow years. On the other hand, climate information based reservoir inflow forecasts is more beneficial in meeting the annual demands of the Oros system for different uses during above-normal and below-normal inflow years than during normal inflow years. Analysis of the results suggests that the utility of climate information based reservoir inflow forecasts is more pronounced for systems with high demand to storage ratio.
Differences in Breast Cancer Survival between Public and Private Care in New Zealand: Which Factors Contribute?

Background Patients who received private health care appear to have better survival from breast cancer compared to those who received public care. This study investigated if this applied to New Zealand women and identified factors that could explain such disparities. Methods This study involved all women who were diagnosed with primary breast cancer in two health regions in New Zealand, covering about 40% of the national population, between June 2000 and May 2013. Patients who received public care for primary treatment, mostly surgical treatment, were compared with those who received private care in terms of demographics, mode of presentation, disease factors, comorbidity index and treatment factors. Cox regression modelling was performed with stepwise adjustments, and hazards of breast cancer specific mortality associated with the type of health care received was assessed. Results Of the 14,468 patients, 8,916 (61.6%) received public care. Compared to patients treated in private care facilities, they were older, more likely to be Māori, Pacifika or Asian and to reside in deprived neighbourhoods and rural areas, and less likely to be diagnosed with early staged cancer and to receive timely cancer treatments. They had a higher risk of mortality from breast cancer (hazard ratio: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.75, 2.17), of which 80% (95% CI: 63%, 100%) was explained by baseline differences, particularly related to ethnicity, stage at diagnosis and type of loco-regional therapy. After controlling for these demographic, disease and treatment factors, the risk of mortality was still 14% higher in the public sector patients. Conclusions Ethnicity, stage at diagnosis and type of loco-regional therapy were the three key contributors to survival disparities between patients treated in public and private health care facilities in New Zealand. The findings underscore the need for more efforts to improve the quality, timeliness and equitability of public cancer care services.
First principles study of two-dimensional early transition metal carbides

Recently, we reported on the facile synthesis of a number of two-dimensional early transition metal carbides and nitrides, derived from the MAX phases, that we labeled MXenes . Herein, we report on the electronic and elastic properties—investigated by first principles calculations utilizing the generalized gradient approximation within the density functional theory—of the following two-dimensional transition metal carbides: Ti_2C, Ti_3C_2, Ti_4C_3, V_2C, Cr_2C, Zr_2C, Hf_2C, and Ta_2C, Ta_3C_2, and Ta_4C_3. Similar to the MAX phases, the MXenes are found to be metallic and possess high elastic moduli when stretched along the basal planes.
A brief remark on Unruh effect and causality

Unruh effect states that the vacuum of a quantum field theory on Minkovski space-time looks like a thermal state for an eternal uniformly accelerated observer. In this talk we present an adaptation for a non eternal observer and discuss some problems that may occur with respect to causality. Specifically we show that our adaptation to a non eternal observer, inspired by the thermal-time hypothesis of Connes and Rovelli, is preserved from violating causality by Heisenberg uncertainty relation.
On traffic types and service classes in the Internet

In today's Internet, various traffic types having different characteristics and requirements (e.g., voice, video, best effort) share the same resources. In order to provide services that an appropriate to each, both the IETF and IEEE 802 have proposed a support for traffic differentiation. In both cases, service classes corresponding to separate queues an identified, and packets an marked according to their class, which in turn defines the treatment they will get at each hop in the network. Using realistic models to represent each of the various traffic types, we identify those that can be mixed in the same queue without bearing a significant loss in throughput; correspondingly, we make recommendations on how to map different traffic types to the available service classes.