Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Weyl Group Multiple Dirichlet Series IV: The Stable Twisted Case

Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series were associated with a root system and a number field F containing the n-th roots of unity by Brubaker, Bump, Chinta, Friedberg and Hostein [3] and Brubaker, Bump and Friedberg [4] provided n is suciently large; their coecients involve n-th order Gauss sums and reflect the combinatorics of the root system. Conjecturally, these functions coincide with Whittaker coecients of metaplectic Eisenstein series, but they are studied in these papers by a method that is independent of this fact. The assumption that n is large is called stability and allows a simple description of the Dirichlet series. “Twisted” Dirichet series were introduced in Brubaker, Bump, Friedberg and Hostein [5] without the stability assumption, but only for root systems of type Ar. Their description is given dierently, in terms of Gauss sums associated to Gelfand-Tsetlin patterns. In this paper, we reimpose the stability assumption and study the twisted multiple Dirichlet series for general by introducing a description of the coecients in terms of the root system similar to that given in the untwisted case in [4]. We prove the analytic continuation and functional equation of these series, and when = Ar we also relate the two dierent descriptions of multiple Dirichlet series given here and in [5] in the stable case.
Livestock-associated MRSA ST398 carriage in pig slaughterhouse workers related to quantitative environmental exposure

Objectives To assess livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) carriage among workers in pig slaughterhouses and assess associated risk factors, including occupational exposure to LA-MRSA. Methods A cross-sectional study in three Dutch pig slaughterhouses was undertaken. Nasal swabs of participants were taken. Nasal swabs and surface wipes, air and glove samples were screened for presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA was quantitatively determined on gloves and in air samples by culturing and real-time PCR. Results 11 of 341 (3.2%) participants were identified as nasal MRSA carriers. MRSA-positive workers were predominantly found at the start of the slaughter process. Major risk factors for carriage were working in the lairage and working in the scalding and dehairing area. Most nasal isolates (73%) belonged to the LA-MRSA clone ST398. MRSA ST398-positive environmental samples were found throughout the slaughter process. A clear decrease was seen along the slaughterline in the number of MRSA-positive samples and in the MRSA amount per sample. Conclusions This study showed that working in the lairage area or scalding and dehairing area were the major risk factors for MRSA carriage in pig slaughterhouse workers, while the overall prevalence of MRSA carriage is low. Occupational exposure to MRSA decreased along the slaughterline, and the risk of carriage showed a parallel decrease.
Primary Group Influence on Party Loyalty

Political science, like other fields of social inquiry, has had an enduring interest in questions of stability and change. This interest—until now principally expressed in studies of the rise and fall of institutions—has lately been focused increasingly upon individual and group behavior, in a search for the influences that hold men to their political beliefs and affiliations or cause them to shift about. Such influences are important not only for the study of voting and party membership, but for haute politique as well—for the great and dramatic questions surrounding political loyalty, conformity, deviation, apostasy, and other states of membership or disaffiliation. Although the research reported below concentrates on the former, it is our hope that it may also cast light upon the latter. It is concerned specifically with primary groups—those small, face-to-face, solidary, informal and enduring coteries that we commonly experience as family, friendship and occupational peer groups.
Application of neural networks to terrain classification

Results of an investigation into the applicability of neural networks to the classification of radar terrain images are reported. The neural network approach is described and compared with the conventional technique of Bayesian classification with maximum-likelihood estimation. Performance that was previously thought to be optimal is shown to be improved upon by the use of neural networks. The results shown generalize to all applications currently employing Bayesian classification. <<ETX>>
Probabilistic Constraints in Acquisition

This paper presents a connectionist model of verb argument structure assignment that relies on probabilistic information regarding particular verbs, as well as semantic information shared among several verbs. The model illustrates how co-occurrence relations among different levels of linguistic representation may interact in acquisition by contributing to the discovery of language specific well formedness constraints and coherent semantic subclasses of verbs. Both semantics and observed conditions of use contribute to the formation of semantic subclasses, which in turn determine the set of constructions in which particular verbs appear.
Gene expression pattern Identification of PGC 7 , a new gene expressed specifically in preimplantation embryos and germ cells

The gene expression patterns of primordial germ cells (PGCs) and embryonic stem cells were analyzed by a modified serial analysis of gene expression. During the process, we cloned a novel gene, PGC7, which was preferentially expressed in PGCs. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that PGC7 was specifically expressed in early pre-implantation embryos, PGCs and oocytes. These results suggest that PGC7 might play an important role in the development of PGCs and oocytes. q 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Associations of fast food restaurant availability with dietary intake and weight among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study, 2000-2004.

OBJECTIVES We examined the associations of fast food restaurant (FFR) availability with dietary intake and weight among African Americans in the southeastern United States. METHODS We investigated cross-sectional associations of FFR availability with dietary intake and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in 4740 African American Jackson Heart Study participants (55.2 ± 12.6 years, 63.3% women). We estimated FFR availability using circular buffers with differing radii centered at each participant's geocoded residential location. RESULTS We observed no consistent associations between FFR availability and BMI or waist circumference. Greater FFR availability was associated with higher energy intake among men and women younger than 55 years, even after adjustment for individual socioeconomic status. For each standard deviation increase in 5-mile FFR availability, the energy intake increased by 138 kilocalories (confidence interval [CI] = 70.53, 204.75) for men and 58 kilocalories (CI = 8.55, 105.97) for women. We observed similar associations for the 2-mile FFR availability, especially in men. FFR availability was also unexpectedly positively associated with total fiber intake. CONCLUSIONS FFR availability may contribute to greater energy intake in younger African Americans who are also more likely to consume fast food.
Approximately Revenue-Maximizing Auctions for Deliberative Agents

In many real-world auctions, a bidder does not know her exact value for an item, but can perform a costly deliberation to reduce her uncertainty. Relatively little is known about such deliberative environments, which are fundamentally different from classical auction environments. In this paper, we propose a new approach that allows us to leverage classical revenue-maximization results in deliberative environments. In particular, we use Myerson (1981) to construct the first non-trivial (i.e., dependent on deliberation costs) upper bound on revenue in deliberative auctions. This bound allows us to apply existing results in the classical environment to a deliberative environment. In addition, we show that in many deliberative environments the only optimal dominant-strategy mechanisms take the form of sequential posted-price auctions.
Adoption of e-Government Services in Pakistan: A Comparative Study Between Online and Offline Users

ABSTRACT An empirical study was conducted to investigate the critical factors influencing the citizens’ intention to adopt e-government services at different levels of service maturity, i.e., information and transaction levels. An integrated conceptual model is proposed and validated. Data were collected using the quota sampling method from two user groups, i.e., online and offline. The empirical evidence, discussion, and recommendations provide guidelines to the Pakistani government to follow in order to increase citizens’ potential to utilize e-government services.
Simultaneous noise classification and reduction using a priori learned models

Classifying the acoustic environment is an essential part of a practical supervised source separation algorithm where a model is trained for each source offline. In this paper, we present a classification scheme that is combined with a probabilistic nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) based speech denoising algorithm. We model the acoustic environment with a hidden Markov model (HMM) whose emission distributions are assumed to be of NMF type. We derive a minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator of clean speech signal in which the state-dependent speech estimators are weighted according to the state posterior probabilities (or probabilities of different noise environments) and are summed. Our experiments show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art substantially and that its performance is very close to an oracle case where the noise type is known in advance.
Inference of kinship coefficients from Korean SNP genotyping data

The determination of relatedness between individuals in a family is crucial in analysis of common complex diseases. We present a method to infer close inter-familial relationships based on SNP genotyping data and provide the relationship coefficient of kinship in Korean families. We obtained blood samples from 43 Korean individuals in two families. SNP data was obtained using the Affymetrix Genome-wide Human SNP array 6.0 and the Illumina Human 1M-Duo chip. To measure the kinship coefficient with the SNP genotyping data, we considered all possible pairs of individuals in each family. The genetic distance between two individuals in a pair was determined using the allele sharing distance method. The results show that genetic distance is proportional to the kinship coefficient and that a close degree of kinship can be confirmed with SNP genotyping data. This study represents the first attempt to identify the genetic distance between very closely related individuals. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(6): 305-309]
Tunable multi-band direct conversion receiver for cognitive radio systems

A low-cost frequency-agile dual-band direct conversion receiver is proposed and experimentally validated for cognitive radio systems. The receiver is composed of a varactor-tuned six-port front-end module as a unique tunable device. Two tunable types of receiver architectures are also proposed and analyzed. The architecture based on a tunable six-port demodulator shows a better sensitivity. In order to demodulate phase-shift-keying (PSK) modulated signals at multiple operating frequency of a transmit signal at a high bit rate of 40 Mbps, the receiver makes use of a wideband power detectors in connection with a high speed quad comparators. An experimental prototype has been fabricated and a complete measurement test bench has been realized in order to obtain the receiver performances in a more realistic application environment. Consequently, the proposed electronically controlled system will therefore be used to operate at multi-band frequency ranges including GSM cellular and IEEE802.11a.
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Sex Pheromone Production in Moths

Many species of female moths produce sex pheromones to attract conspecific males. Most moth species utilize Type I pheromones that consist of straight-chain compounds 10–18 carbons in length with a functional group of a primary alcohol, aldehyde, or acetate ester, and usually with several double bonds. Studies over the past three decades have demonstrated that female moths usually produce sex pheromones as multi-component blends in which the ratio of the individual components is precisely controlled, making it possible to generate species-specific pheromone blends. As for the biosynthesis of Type I pheromones, it is well established that they are de novo synthesized in the pheromone gland (PG) through modifications of fatty acid biosynthetic pathways. However, because many of the molecular components within the PG cells (enzymes, proteins, and small regulatory molecules) had not been functionally characterized, the molecular mechanisms underlying sex pheromone production in PG cells remained poorly understood. To address this, we have characterized some of the key molecules involved in the biosynthesis of the sex pheromone bombykol in the silkmoth, Bombyx mori. Characterization of these molecules has facilitated our understanding of the precise mechanisms underlying lepidopteran sex pheromone production.
The promise of anti-ErbB3 monoclonals as new cancer therapeutics

In the last 3-5 years strong evidence has been gathered demonstrating ErbB3 as a key node for the progression of several cancer types. From the mechanistic standpoint the intracellular region of this receptor is rich of tyrosine residues that, upon phosphorylation, become high affinity binding sites for PI3K and other proteins involved in signal transduction. The involvement of ErbB3 occurs at different levels, most likely as a consequence of its promiscuity in the interaction with other RTKs of the same or other families. Several efforts are therefore being put in the development of antibodies that target this receptor either singly or in combination with other synergizing receptors. Some of these compounds have already entered clinical development. Although clinical proof-of-concept has not yet been achieved, this is likely to occur soon and will further accelerate the inclusion of anti-ErbB3 monoclonals in the repertoire of anticancer agents for more effective combination therapy. In this paper we review the wealth of anti-ErbB3 antibodies under development and compare their properties and potential to become marketed drugs.
Tendons – time to revisit inflammation

It is currently widely accepted among clinicians that chronic tendinopathy is caused by a degenerative process devoid of inflammation. Current treatment strategies are focused on physical treatments, peritendinous or intratendinous injections of blood or blood products and interruption of painful stimuli. Results have been at best, moderately good and at worst a failure. The evidence for non-infammatory degenerative processes alone as the cause of tendinopathy is surprisingly weak. There is convincing evidence that the inflammatory response is a key component of chronic tendinopathy. Newer anti-inflammatory modalities may provide alternative potential opportunities in treating chronic tendinopathies and should be explored further.
Implikat-A System for Categorizing Products using Implicit Feedback on a

Implicit feedback is a form a relevance feedback that is inferred from how users interact with an information retrieval system such as an online search engine. This degree project report describes a method of using implicit feedback to establish relevance judgments and rank products based on their relevance to a specified attribute. The report contains an overview of the benefits and limitations of implicit feedback, as well as a description on how those limitations can be mitigated. A prototype that interpreted user actions as relevance votes and calculated a fair relevance score based on these votes with the help of an algorithm was developed. This system was then tested on a website with real users during a limited period of time. The results from the test period were evaluated and the system was concluded to be far from perfect, but that improvements could be made by making adjustments to the algorithm. The system performed better when looking at the algorithm’s precision rather than its sensitivity.
Persistence of Morbidity and Cost Differences Between Late-Preterm and Term Infants During the First Year of Life

BACKGROUND. Late-preterm infants are known to have greater morbidity and costs compared with term infants during the neonatal period, but less is known about whether these differences continue beyond this period. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to examine the most common causes and costs of rehospitalization and other health care use among late-preterm and term infants throughout the first year of life. METHODS. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of late-preterm (33–36 weeks' gestation) and term infants born in 2004 with ≥1 year of enrollment in a large national US database of commercially insured members. All of the reported health care services and costs were examined from the birth hospitalization through the first year of life. RESULTS. We evaluated 1683 late-preterm and 33 745 term infants. The average length of stay of the birth hospitalization for term infants was 2.2 days, and the average cost was $2061. Late-preterm infants had a substantially longer average stay of 8.8 days and average cost of $26 054. Total first-year costs after birth discharge were, on average, 3 times as high among late-preterm infants ($12 247) compared with term infants ($4069). Late-preterm infants were rehospitalized more often than term infants (15.2% vs 7.9%). A subset of late-preterm infants that were discharged late from their birth hospitalization had the highest rates of rehospitalization and total health care costs. Higher costs during rehospitalization of late-preterm infants, especially those with a late discharge, indicate their propensity to have more severe illness. CONCLUSIONS. Late-preterm infants have greater morbidity and total health care costs than term infants, and these differences persist throughout the first year of life. Management strategies and guidelines to reduce morbidity and costs in late-preterm infants should be investigated.
The influence of environment on envelope properties affecting survival of bacteria in infections.

PERSPECTIVES . 528 INTRODUCllION . 529 PLASTICITY OF THE BACTERIAL ENVELOPE IN VITRO . 531 Nutrient Deprivation and Growth Rate . 531 Effect of Sub-MICs of Antibiotics on SU/face Properties . 539 PLASTICITY OF THE BACTERIAL ENVELOPE IN VIVO . 542 Surface Growth . 542 Composition a nd Properties of the Bacterial Envelope In Vivo . 543 Nutritional Deprivation In Vivo-Effect of Iron Restriction on the Bacterial Envelope. 545 CONCLUSIONS. 549
Health effects associated with smokeless tobacco: a systematic review

Background: It is believed that health risks associated with smokeless tobacco (ST) use are lower than those with cigarette smoking. A systematic review was therefore carried out to summarise these risks. Methods: Several electronic databases were searched, supplemented by screening reference lists, smoking related websites, and contacting experts. Analytical observational studies of ST use (cohorts, case-control, cross sectional studies) with a sample size of ⩾500 were included if they reported on one or more of the following outcomes (all cause mortality, oral and pharyngeal cancers, other cancers, cardiovascular diseases, dental diseases, pregnancy outcomes, surgical outcomes). Data extraction covered control of confounding, selection of cases and controls, sample size, clear definitions and measurements of the health outcome, and ST use. Selection, extraction and quality assessments were carried out by one or two independent reviewers. Results: A narrative review was carried out. Many of the studies lacked sufficient power to estimate precise risks, mainly due to the small number of ST users. Studies were often not designed to investigate ST use, and many also had major methodological limitations including poor control for cigarette smoking and imprecise measurements of exposure. Studies in India showed a substantial risk of oral or oropharyngeal cancers associated with chewing betel quid and tobacco. Studies from other regions and of other cancer types were not consistent. Few studies have adequately considered the non-cancer health effects of ST use. Conclusions: Chewing betel quid and tobacco is associated with a substantial risk of oral cancers in India. Most recent studies from the US and Scandinavia are not statistically significant, but moderate positive associations cannot be ruled out due to lack of power. Further rigorous studies with adequate sample sizes are required, especially for cardiovascular disease.
Renal findings in patients with short-term type 2 diabetes.

Under semiambulatory conditions, 85 consecutive patients with the diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes of short duration (excluding patients with islet cell antibodies or maturity onset diabetes of the young) were admitted to a self-control training program and were examined in this study. A comprehensive renal assessment was performed, including evaluation of albumin excretion rate (AER), renal hemodynamics, blood pressure (BP) profile, and indicators of genetic risk. AER > or = 30 mg/24 h was found in 13 (15%) of patients; in two of these patients, AER was > or = 300 mg/24 h. By logistic regression, high HbA1, current smoking, and BP parameters were significantly correlated with an increased risk of microalbuminuria (MA). In a multiple linear regression model, accounting for 57% of total variance, HbA1, ERPF, and current smoking were significantly correlated with AER. Median GFR (Cin(inulin clearance) 136 mL/min per 1.73m2; range, 94 to 194) and ERPF (Cpah(para-aminohippuric acid clearance) 733; range, 451 to 1328) were significantly higher in patients than in control subjects (upper 95th percentile, 131 and 706 mL/min per 1.73m2, respectively). In a multiple linear regression model, explaining 27% of total variance, age, AER, gender, and fasting blood glucose were significantly correlated to GFR. According to the criteria of average daytime BP > or = 135/85 mm Hg or 24-h BP > or = 130/80 mm Hg, 60% of patients were hypertensive (HT). Sixty-one percent of all patients (including 50% of the untreated normotensive patients) were "nondippers", i.e., < 15% nighttime decrease of mean arterial pressure. Either HT or nondipping was found in 79% of all patients, so that only 21% had a completely normal blood pressure profile. Ninety-four percent of untreated hypertensive patients had no MA. First-degree relatives of patients with MA compared with patients without MA had more frequent cardiovascular events (69% versus 31%). The risk of MA in diabetic patients with positive family history was amplified by poor glycemic control. MA, but not hypertension, was marginally related to K(m) of Na+/Li+ countertransport. It was concluded that (1) microalbuminuria is found in 15% of patients newly presenting with Type 2 diabetes; (2) a high proportion of patients exhibit hyperfiltration; (3) according to ambulatory BP only, 21% of patients have a completely normal circadian BP profile; (4) a family history of cardiovascular events interacts with glycemic control to increase the risk of MA.