Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intention aware interactive multi-modal robot programming

As robots enter the human environment, there are increasing needs for novice users to be able to program robots with ease. A successful robot programming system should be intuitive, interactive, and intention aware. Intuitiveness refers to the use of intuitive user interfaces such as speech and hand gestures. Interactivity refers to the system's ability to let the user interact preemptively with the robot to take its control at any given time. Intention awareness refers to the system's ability to recognize and adapt to user intent. This paper focuses on the intention awareness problem for interactive multi-modal robot programming system. In our framework, user intent takes on the form of a robot program, which in our context is a sequential set of commands with parameters. To solve the intention recognition and adaptation problem, the system converts robot programs into a set of Markov chains. The system can then deduce the most likely program the user intends to execute based on a given observation sequence. It then adapts this program based on additional interaction. The system is implemented on a mobile vacuum cleaning robot with a user who is wearing sensor gloves, inductive position sensors, and a microphone.
Empowering Leadership in Management Teams: Effects on Knowledge Sharing, Efficacy, And Performance

We surveyed management teams in 102 hotel properties in the United States to examine the intervening roles of knowledge sharing and team efficacy in the relationship between empowering leadership and team performance. Team performance was measured through a time-lagged market-based source. Results showed that empowering leadership was positively related to both knowledge sharing and team efficacy, which, in turn, were both positively related to performance.
Experimental measurements of the 15 O ( α , γ ) 19 Ne reaction rate vs . observations of type I X-ray bursts

Neutron stars in close binary star systems often accrete matter from their companion stars. Thermonuclear ignition of the accreted material in the atmosphere of the neutron star leads to a thermonuclear explosion which is observed as an X-ray burst occurring periodically between hours and days depending on the accretion rate. The ignition conditions are characterized by a sensitive interplay between the continuously accreting fuel supply and depletion by nuclear burning via the hot CNO cycles. Therefore the ignition depends critically on the hot CNO breakout reaction O(α, γ)Ne that regulates the flow between the β-limited hot CNO cycle and the rapid proton capture process. Until recently, the O(α, γ)Ne reaction rate was not known experimentally and the theoretical estimates carried significant uncertainties. In this paper we report on the astrophysical consequences of the first measurement of this reaction rate on the thermonuclear instability that leads to type I X-ray bursts on accreting neutron stars. Subject headings: X-rays: bursts — nuclear reactions — stars: neutron
Improving industrial yeast strains: exploiting natural and artificial diversity

Yeasts have been used for thousands of years to make fermented foods and beverages, such as beer, wine, sake, and bread. However, the choice for a particular yeast strain or species for a specific industrial application is often based on historical, rather than scientific grounds. Moreover, new biotechnological yeast applications, such as the production of second-generation biofuels, confront yeast with environments and challenges that differ from those encountered in traditional food fermentations. Together, this implies that there are interesting opportunities to isolate or generate yeast variants that perform better than the currently used strains. Here, we discuss the different strategies of strain selection and improvement available for both conventional and nonconventional yeasts. Exploiting the existing natural diversity and using techniques such as mutagenesis, protoplast fusion, breeding, genome shuffling and directed evolution to generate artificial diversity, or the use of genetic modification strategies to alter traits in a more targeted way, have led to the selection of superior industrial yeasts. Furthermore, recent technological advances allowed the development of high-throughput techniques, such as ‘global transcription machinery engineering’ (gTME), to induce genetic variation, providing a new source of yeast genetic diversity.
STEPS TOWARDS NONLINEAR CLUSTER INVERSION THROUGH GRAVITATIONAL DISTORTIONS. III. INCLUDING A REDSHIFT DISTRIBUTION OF THE SOURCES

In a series of previous papers we have considered the reconstruction of the surface mass density of a cluster of galax- iesfromimagesoflensedfaintbackgroundgalaxies.Weshowed that the reconstructed surface mass density is not uniquely de- termined,butthatthereexistsaglobalinvariancetransformation that leaves the shape of the images of the lensed galaxies un- changed. Because of this, only lower limits on the total mass of a cluster can be derived if no further information besides im- age ellipticities are used. Throughout these papers we used the simplifying assumption that all sources are at the same redshift. In this paper we account for a redshift distribution of the faintgalaxies,andinparticular,someofthesegalaxiescanliein front of the cluster or can be cluster members. We show how the mass distribution of a cluster of galaxies can be obtained from imagesofthesefaintgalaxies,iftheredshiftdistributionofthese galaxies is known. We demonstrate that for the reconstruction of non-critical clusters we need less information on the redshift distribution of the galaxies, i.e., we only need to know two or three moments of the distribution. We show that the mean mass density across the data eld is still a free variable, i.e., there remains a global invariance trans- formation of the resulting mass density eld. For non-critical clusters we can derive the transformation explicitly and it is similar to that derived previously for the case of a single red- shiftofthesources.Wediscussseveraltheoreticalideastobreak the mass degeneracy; of those considered, we nd that only the magnication effect on the number density of galaxy images can be used successfully in practice.
Downlink scheduling and call admission control for voice, video, wap and sms traffic over high capacity wireless picocellular networks

Both Call Admission Control (CAC) and efficient scheduling are of great importance in next generation wireless networks, which are expected to handle various types of highly demanding multimedia users. In this paper we present and evaluate an efficient new mechanism which combines Call Admission Control with bandwidth allocation in a high-speed downlink TDMA wireless channel with errors, by incorporating predictions of the wireless channel condition in its decision making.
Deep Cryogenic Treatment: A Bibliographic Review

The use of cryogenic treatment (CT) to improve mechanical properties of materials has been developed from the end of the Sixties. At the present time, the initial mistrust about CT has been cleared up and many papers about differ- ent materials reporting laboratory tests results, microstructural investigations and hypothesis on CT strengthening mecha- nisms have been published. The removal of retained austenite combined with fine dispersed � -carbides precipitation have been widely observed and their effects on mechanical properties have been measured. In addition, some recent studies have pointed out a different mechanism for fatigue strengthening of stainless steels, which involves nano-martensite for- mation during the CT. The present paper summarizes the state of art about CT, focusing on methods, parameters, results and assumed microstructural mechanisms, in order to get a starting point for new researches to come. th century, but the actual interest on cryogenic treatment (or cryo- treatment, CT) was developed during the last years of the century. The basic CT consists in a gradual cooling of the compo- nent until the defined temperature, holding it for a given time (freezing time) and then progressively leading it back to the room temperature. The aim is to obtain an improvement of mechanical properties, typically hardness and wear resis- tance, but in recent tests fatigue limit too, and to achieve an optimal ratio between conflicting properties, like hardness and toughness.
Modal Logics of Ordered Trees : A Summary ∗

We report on a new modal logic that is suitable to model complex systems evolving over time in a modular fashion. This logic may be regarded as the result of extending propositional linear temporal logic by a second dimension that allows us to “zoom” into states and thereby to further refine the specification of events associated with these states. In this sense, our logic may be considered an extended temporal logic. From a more abstract point of view, our logic is best described as a modal logic based on frames that are ordered trees.
Comparative review of carbon nanotube FETs

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are strong potential replacements for silicon in VLSI due to their extraordinary capabilities. We review the theory of operation of CNT-based FETs (CNFETs), the issues regarding its modern fabrication techniques, performance parameters yielded by the latest research, and finally, we present an overview of some applications employing the unique properties of these devices.
Enhancing Greedy Routing using Fuzzy logic for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) has gain a lot of popularity due to much technological advancement in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs). VANET provides safety and entertainment services to vehicle users. Therefore, constrained safety is a prominent feature for VANETs. Since the vehicular nodes typically moves fast than the nodes movement in other network such as Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), it is of great importance to design an efficient routing protocol to provide safety and comfort services to the passengers on the roads. Recently efforts have been put to use the concepts of fuzzy logic to help in the decision making process in VANETs. Fuzzy logic deals with reasoning that is approximate rather than fixed and exact. The fuzzy logic inference system became important and useful when the values of the decision criteria are not only vague but uncertain in nature. In this work, based on analysis of greedy routing for packet forwarding, we have proposed a Fuzzy Logic based Greedy Routing (FLGR) protocol. FLGR is a multihop routing protocol which is used to select the best next-hop node in multi-hop VANETs using fuzzy logic concept. We have considered two characteristics of a vehicle as an input metrics to fuzzy decision making systems. Based on the optimum function of simulation results, the FLGR effectively select the best next-hop node for further packet transmission in the network. Key-Words: Fuzzy logic, VANETs, routing protocol, greedy routing, FLGR, fuzzification.
The effect of code reordering on branch prediction

Branch prediction accuracy is a very important factor for superscalar processor performance. The ability to predict the outcome of a branch allows the processor to effectively use a large instruction window, and extract a larger amount of Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP). In this paper we will examine the effect of code layout optimizations on branch prediction accuracy and final processor performance. These code reordering techniques align branches so that they tend to be not taken, achieving better instruction cache performance and increasing the fetch bandwidth. Here we focus on how these optimizations affect both static and dynamic branch prediction. Code reordering mainly increases the number of not taken branches, which benefits simple static predictors, which reach over 80% prediction accuracy with optimized codes. This branch direction change produces no effects on dynamic branch prediction: on the positive side, trades negative interference for neutral or positive interference in the prediction tables; on the negative side, it causes a worse distribution of the Branch History Register (BHR), causing many possible history values to be unused. Our results show that code reordering reduces negative Pattern History Table (PHT) interference, increasing branch prediction accuracy on small branch predictors. For example, a 0.5 KB gshare improves from 91.4% to 93.6%, and a 0.4 KB gskew predictor from 93.5% to 94.4%. For larger history lengths, the large amount of not taken branches can degrade predictor performance on dealiased schemes, like the 16 KB agree predictor which goes from 96.2% to 95.8%. But processor performance not only depends on branch prediction accuracy. Layout optimized codes have much better instruction cache performance, and wider fetch bandwidth. Our results show that when all three factors are considered together; code reordering techniques always improve processor performance. For example, performance still increases by 8% with an agree predictor; which loses prediction accuracy, and it increases by 9% with a gshare predictor, which increases prediction accuracy.
Space-time storage codes for wireless distributed storage systems

Distributed storage systems (DSSs) have gained a lot of interest recently, thanks to their robustness and scalability compared to single-device storage. Majority of the related research has exclusively concerned the network layer. At the same time, the number of users of, e.g., peer-to-peer (p2p) and device-to-device (d2d) networks as well as proximity based services is growing rapidly, and the mobility of users is considered more and more important. This motivates, in contrast to the existing literature, the study of the physical layer functionality of wireless distributed storage systems. In this paper, we take the first step towards protecting the storage repair transmissions from physical layer errors when the transmission takes place over a fading channel. To this end, we introduce the notion of a space-time storage code, drawing together the aspects of network layer and physical layer functionality and resulting in cross-layer robustness. It is also pointed out that existing space-time codes are too complex to be utilized in storage networks when the number of helpers involved is larger than the number of receive antennas at the newcomer or data collector, hence creating a call for less complex transmission protocols.
Arousals in sleep-disordered breathing: patterns and implications.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To describe the whole spectrum of electroencephalographic (EEG) transients associated with the termination and recovery of obstructed respiratory events and, thus, widen the recognized spectrum of arousal phenomena from sleep. DESIGN Retrospective review of diagnostic polysomnograms. SETTING American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM)-accredited multidisciplinary sleep disorders center. PATIENTS 17 patents with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Nasal airflow using a nasal-cannula-pressure-transducer system and oral flow by a thermistor were used to score apneas and hypopneas; the latter included flow-limitation events. The EEG patterns that crested or occurred within 2 to 3 seconds of respiratory recovery were recorded, and posthoc categories were created for the purpose of tabulation ranging from an AASM 3-second arousal to a single K-complex with no electromyographic increase. Chi-square statistic was calculated to assess the difference in EEG patterns at event termination between apneas and hypopneas. Score-rescore agreement was tested. Apneas were significantly more likely to be associated with a 3-second arousal than were hypopneas, but all types of EEG change were seen with both types of events. Spindles were rarely seen with arousal-linked K-complexes. The majority of events in rapid eye movement sleep were terminated with visible electromyography tone increase. CONCLUSIONS The spectrum of EEG change associated with the termination of respiratory events identified by using a nasal-cannula-pressure-transducer system is wider than that recognized as arousal phenomena by the 1992 AASM criteria. Scoring arousals with the 3-second rule may falsely minimize the apparent impact of abnormal breathing on sleep. The time may be right to update arousal recognition rules.
Transportation Costs and the Spatial Organization of Economic Activity

This paper surveys the theoretical and empirical literature on the relationship between the spatial distribution of economic activity and transportation costs. We develop a multi-region model of economic geography that we use to understand the general equilibrium implications of transportation infrastructure improvements within and between locations for wages, population, trade and industry composition. Guided by the predictions of this model, we review the empirical literature on the effects of transportation infrastructure improvements on economic development, paying particular attention to the use of exogenous sources of variation in the construction of transportation infrastructure. We examine evidence from different spatial scales, between and within cities. We outline a variety of areas for further research, including distinguishing reallocation from growth and dynamics.
Cross-layered view on android storage IO system

Recently, Smart devices and its functions and applications have flourished. And this development has brought one important requirement, the performance. Storage IO performance is especially important because applications and data are all stored in storage. Smart devices often use NAND-based storage because of its high performance and small size. However, storage IO subsystem on operating system is still not optimized to NAND-based storage. And more, from high performance on storage device itself, management overhead in operating system is revealed. On the other hand, Android, one of most popular platform for smart devices, uses eMMC as main storage and eMMC has several features that can achieve much higher performance than before. In this paper, we measure the overhead of each storage IO layer on Linux, the kernel of Android. And also we study about extended features of eMMC.
Phase-Dependent Molecular Requirements for Memory Reconsolidation: Differential Roles for Protein Synthesis and Protein Kinase A Activity

After consolidation, a process that requires gene expression and protein synthesis, memories are stable and highly resistant to disruption by amnestic influences. Recently, consolidated memory has been shown to become labile again after retrieval and to require a phase of reconsolidation to be preserved. New findings, showing that the dependence of reconsolidation on protein synthesis decreases with the age of memory, point to changing molecular requirements for reconsolidation during memory maturation. We examined this possibility by comparing the roles of protein synthesis (a general molecular requirement for memory consolidation) and the activation of protein kinase A (PKA) (a specific molecular requirement for memory consolidation), in memory reconsolidation at two time points after training. Using associative learning in Lymnaea, we show that reconsolidation after the retrieval of consolidated memory at both 6 and 24 h requires protein synthesis. In contrast, only reconsolidation at 6 h after training, but not at 24 h, requires PKA activity, which is in agreement with the measured retrieval-induced PKA activation at 6 h. This phase-dependent differential molecular requirement for reconsolidation supports the notion that even seemingly consolidated memories undergo further selective molecular maturation processes, which may only be detected by analyzing the role of specific pathways in memory reconsolidation after retrieval.
Formalising control in robust spoken dialogue systems

The spoken language interface is now becoming an increasingly serious research topic with application to a wide range of highly engineered systems. Such systems not only include innocuous human-computer interactions, but also encompass shared-control safety critical devices such as automotive vehicles and robotic systems. Spoken dialogue systems (SDS) are the language architecture used to provide linguistic interaction in these applications, but they have to date been notoriously difficult to engineer in a robust and safe manner. In this paper we report on our efforts to improve the safety and overall usability of dialogue enabled applications through the employment of formal methods in SDS development and testing. Specifically, we use communicating sequential processes (CSP) as the basis of a new approach to the specification, design and verification of dialogue manager control. Moreover, to support this approach, we introduce FDMSC - the Formal Dialogue Management for Shared Control toolkit - and illustrate its use in the construction of formal methods based spoken dialogue systems.
Nanostructure design for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy - prospects and limits

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) allows single-molecule detection due to the strong field localization occurring at sharp bends or kinks of the metal-vacuum interface. An important question concerns the limits of the signal enhancement that can be achieved via a judicious design of the surface. By using a specific example of a technologically realizable nanopatterned surface, we demonstrate that while very high enhancement factors (~10^12) can be found for an ideal surface, these are unlikely to be achieved in laboratory samples, because even a minute, inevitable rounding-off strongly suppresses the enhancement, as well as shifts the optimal frequency. Our simulations indicate that the geometric enhancement factors are unlikely to exceed ~10^8 for real samples, and that it is necessary to consider the geometric uncertainty to reliably predict the frequency for maximum enhancement.
Profile of High School Students’ Understanding of Scientific Inquiry

Scientific inquiry is the main objective of education. The purpose of this study is to investigate the understanding of scientific inquiry from high school students in grade 11. This study has involved 32 high school students. The scientific inquiry understanding is measure by using VASI (Views About Scientific Inquiry) questionnaire. Then, all responses are categorized as informed, partially informed, and naïve. The result showed group of respondents have a comprehension in informed category at the relationship among procedures and research questions. In the other side, there are some group of respondents that still have lack comprehension in the aspect of characteristic scientific research and the relation between questions. There’s group of respondents still didn’t comprehend about the differences between scientific evidence and scientific data’s, the reason to select procedures, and also the relation between conclusion and data’s collection.
KETW Key Terms Extraction and Term Weighting for Newsgroup Message Classification

Messages in newsgroups are hierarchically organized into several thousands of groups such as soc.religion, alt.atheism, etc. Automatic text classification can help users determine the most relevant group to post a message. However, because of the huge size of newsgroup data sets, high time complexity and low classification accuracy are great challenges for automatic message classification. To solve these problems, we propose a system named Key Terms Extraction and Term Weighting (KETW) to automatically classify new messages for large newsgroup data sets. The system consists of two parts: (1) utilize the special properties of newsgroup data to extract representative terms for each group and use these terms for training rather than the whole vocabulary; (2) give terms different weights according to their importance. Our experimental results demonstrate that the technique of refining the training set reduces to 10% of the storage and still achieve good performance.