Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The use of hyperspectral data in numerical weather prediction

The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) (Chahine et al., 2006) was launched in 2002 on AQUA, the second of the EOS polar-orbiting satellites. The AIRS was the first of a new generation of meteorological advanced sounders able to provide hyperspectral (sometimes referred to as ultraspectral) data for operational and research use. The improved spectral resolution it provided compared to earlier passive infrared sounders, led to a significant increase in vertical resolution and accuracy in determining thermal and moisture fields, increased accuracy in the determination of the concentrations of absorbers such as ozone and improved numerical weather prediction (NWP), (Le Marshall et al. 2006). It was also shown that expanded use of the information content of infrared hyperspectral radiance data resulted in an increase in the benefit of these data to NWP. Experiments which have shown the benefit of improved spatial coverage, spectral coverage and the use of moisture channel data, are summarised in this paper. In addition, an experiment which has recorded the benefit of using hyperspectral radiance data from fields of view containing clouds is also described. Again it is demonstrated that a more complete use of the information content in the observations available from hyperspectral sounders has resulted in improved benefits to numerical weather prediction. This conclusion is also supported by early experiments reporting the benefits from using IASI data. Overall, the results indicate the significant benefits to be derived from hyperspectral data assimilation and the benefits to be gained from an enhanced use of the information content contained in hyperspectral radiance observations.
The contribution of laser scanning technology in the estimation of ancient Greek monuments' deformations

Terrestrial laser scanning technology is nowadays more and more used for the documentation of cultural heritage monuments. The thorough exploitation of the main advantage of terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) that is the acquisition of extremely dense discrete points in a relatively small time period leads to detailed 3D representation of the monument, overcoming possible difficulties such as limited accessibility. Most often, this 3D representation is used for the monument's documentation as well as for virtual tours in, out or around it. This detailed documentation can be used for one more purpose: the estimation of the deformation that its elements have experienced through the centuries and, following, the monument's restoration, provided that, its' initial, constructional geometry is known. In this paper, research towards this goal is presented, dealing with the estimation of the deformations of a column of the ancient temple of Zeus in Nemea Greece using TLS technology. This column is standing erect since the temple's construction in 330 BC and it has been subject to serious deformations because of various causes.
Appraising the anatomy and spatial growth of the Bangkok Metropolitan area using a vegetation-impervious-soil model through remote sensing

In this study, Landsat 5-TM data were used to map urban land classes and the changes that occurred within them over a period of six years. The land classes were identified by Landsat 5-TM scenes taken in the same season in 1988 and 1994. The phenomena of land class changes were evaluated by adopting two remote sensing approaches, namely mapping and modelling, in a case study of the Bangkok Metropolitan area of Thailand. The quantitative results of changes, which were computed from a post-classification method, were used to analyse the pattern of changes in the urban land classes. The change-detection analysis indicated that 2% of agricultural land was lost, and there was a 14% increase in the commercial areas. The results demonstrated that the pattern of change in the urban land classes in Bangkok was that of agriculture lands to open lands; open lands to residential, and residential to commercial. The highest commercial land growth was observed in the high-density residential areas along main roads and the railway line. Data were generated from the two dates of TM images for the vegetationimpervious-soil (V-I-S) composition model. The trends of changes in the urban land classes and the anatomy of the study area were presented quantitatively through the V-I-S model. Good agreement was obtained between the values of changes computed for the impervious surfaces from the V-I-S model (which showed 6% changes) and the change-detection map (which showed 5.6% changes). The results of changes in the spatial pattern of commercial and residential areas (high, medium and low) emphasize that remote sensing data can be used for V-I-S modelling and mapping of urban surface features.
The Concentration of the Platinum-Group Elements in South African Komatiites: Implications for Mantle Sources, Melting Regime and PGE Fractionation during Crystallization

We have analysed 18 samples of komatiite from five consecutive lava flows of the Komati Formation at Spinifex Creek, Barberton Mountain Land. Our samples include massive komatiite, various types of spinifex-textured komatiite, and flow-top breccias. The rocks have low platinum-group element (PGE) contents and Pd/Ir ratios relative to komatiites from elsewhere, at 0·45–2 ppb Os, 1–1·4 ppb Ir, <1–5 ppb Ru, 0·33–0·79 ppb Rh, 1·7–6 ppb Pt, 1·6–6·1 ppb Pd, and Pd/Ir 3·3. Pt/Pd ratios are c. 1·1. Platinum-group elements are depleted relative to Cu (Cu/Pd = 15 300). They display a tendency to increase in the less magnesian samples, suggesting that the magmas were S-undersaturated upon eruption and that all PGE were incompatible with respect to crystallizing olivine. Komatiites from the Westonaria Formation of the Ventersdorp Supergroup and the Roodekrans Complex near Johannesburg have broadly similar PGE patterns and concentrations to the Komati rocks, suggesting that the PGE contents of South African ultrabasic magmas are controlled by similar processes during partial mantle melting and low-P magmatic crystallization. Most workers believe that the Barberton komatiites formed by relatively moderate-degree batch melting of the mantle at high pressure. Based on the concentration of Zr in the Komati samples, we estimate that the degree of partial melting was between 26 and 33%. We suggest that the low PGE contents and Pd/Ir ratios of all analysed South African komatiites are the result of sulphides having been retained in the mantle source during partial melting. The difference in Pd/Ir between our samples and Al-undepleted komatiites from elsewhere further suggests that the PGE are fractionated during progressive partial melting of the mantle. Thus, our data are in agreement with other recent studies showing that the PGE are hosted by different phases in the mantle, with Pd being concentrated by interstitial Cu-rich sulphide, and the IPGE (Os, Ir, Ru) and Rh resting in monosulphide solid solution included within silicates. Pt is possibly controlled by a discrete refractory phase, as Pt/Pd ratios of most komatiites worldwide are sub-chondritic.
Effects of Exercise Intervention on the Improvement of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disease characterized by hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance. It results in irregular menstruation, obesity and even infertility, which influences badly physical and mental health of the patients. Now, there is no effective drug for treating PCOS and the preferred program is lifestyle modification, including diet control, regular exercise and behavior therapy. Therefore, in the review, we summarize the study progress concerning the effects of lifestyle intervention on the metabolic, reproductive and psychological dysfunctions of PCOS patients and analyze the corresponding mechanisms in these processes. It can radically reduce the factors of PCOS occurrence and development, while providing valuable information for the prevention and treatment of PCOS and is helpful for further research.
MathematicS In Action

Numerical experiments presented in this paper were carried out using the PLAFRIM testbed, being developed under the Inria PlaFRIM development action with support from Bordeaux INP, LABRI and IMB and other entities: Conseil Régional d’Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux and CNRS (and ANR in accordance to the programme d’investissements d’Avenir,
Shallow-water carbonates record marginal to open ocean Quaternary paleoceanographic evolution

[1] The oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of shallow-water carbonates and their fossil components can be important tools for understanding Quaternary paleoceanographic conditions of marginal seas, including coral reef regions. However, most previous paleoceanographic studies using isotopes have been based on pelagic or hemipelagic sediments because the original δ 1 8 O and δ 1 3 C values of shallow-water carbonates are normally altered by postdepositional diagenesis. This study shows that marginal to open ocean isotopic signals can be preserved in carefully cleaned low-Mg calcitic planktic foraminifers of shallow-water carbonates, even when the isotopic values of the carbonate host rock have been altered by meteoric fluids and subaerial exposure. The two studied core sections were collected from the mid-Quaternary Ryukyu Group (southwestern Japan), which consists mainly of bioclastic grainstone-packstone, rhodolith floatstone-rudstone, and large foraminiferal floatstone corresponding to open shelf to shelf slope facies, from the southwest Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Down core δ 1 8 O records of planktic foraminifers in the Ryukyu Group imply that sea surface temperatures (SST) in the northwestern Pacific increased ∼2.0°C at the beginning of oxygen isotope stage 19 (post mid-Pleistocene revolution (MPR)). This warming may have triggered the expansion of reef complex deposits as large as those now in the Ryukyu Islands and was approximately coeval with the lower section of the Australian Great Barrier Reef. SST warming due to the expansion of the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) toward the north and south subtropical regions is a possible mechanism for reef expansion and initiation of the coral reefs of the Western Pacific region.
Subsurface geological modeling using GIS and remote sensing data: a case study from Platanos landslide, Western Greece

Landslide phenomena constitute a major geological hazard in Greece and especially in the western part of the country as a result of anthropogenic activities, growing urbanization and uncontrolled land – use. More frequent triggering events and increased susceptibility of the ground surface to instabilities as consequence of climate change impacts (continued deforestation mainly due to the devastating forest wildfires and extreme meteorological events) have also increased the landslide risk. The studied landslide occurrence named “Platanos” has been selected within the framework of “Landslide Vulnerability Model – LAVMO” project that aims at creating a persistently updated electronic platform assessing risks related with landslides. It is a coastal area situated between Korinthos and Patras at the northwestern part of the elongated graben of the Corinth Gulf. The paper presents the combined use of geological-geotechnical insitu data, remote sensing data and GIS techniques for the evaluation of a subsurface geological model. High accuracy Digital Surface Model (DSM), airphotos mosaic and satellite data, with a spatial resolution of 0.5m were used for an othophoto base map compilation of the study area. Geological – geotechnical data obtained from exploratory boreholes were digitized and implemented in a GIS platform with engineering geological maps for a three – dimensional subsurface model evaluation. This model is provided for being combined with inclinometer measurements for sliding surface location through the instability zone.
analysis of long non-coding rnas in glioblastoma for prognosis prediction using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, cox regression, and l1-lassO penalization

Purpose: This study focused on identification of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) for prognosis prediction of glioblastoma (GBM) through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and L1-penalized least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox proportional hazards (PH) model. Materials and methods: WGCNA was performed based on RNA expression profiles of GBM from Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the European Bioinformatics Institute ArrayExpress for the identification of GBM-related modules. Subsequently, prognostic lncRNAs were determined using LASSO Cox PH model, followed by constructing a risk scoring model based on these lncRNAs. The risk score was used to divide patients into high- and low-risk groups. Difference in survival between groups was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. IncRNA-mRNA networks were built for the prognostic lncRNAs, followed by pathway enrichment analysis for these networks. Results: This study identified eight preserved GBM-related modules, including 188 lncRNAs. Consequently, C20orf166-AS1, LINC00645, LBX2-AS1, LINC00565, LINC00641, and PRRT3-AS1 were identified by LASSO Cox PH model. A risk scoring model based on the lncRNAs was constructed that could divide patients into different risk groups with significantly different survival rates. Prognostic value of this six-lncRNA signature was validated in two independent sets. C20orf166-AS1 was associated with antigen processing and presentation and cell adhesion molecule pathways, involving nine common genes. LBX2-AS1, LINC00641, PRRT3-AS1, and LINC00565 were related to focal adhesion, extracellular matrix receptor interaction, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, which shared 12 common genes. Conclusion: This prognostic six-lncRNA signature may improve prognosis prediction of GBM. This study reveals many pathways and genes involved in the mechanisms behind these lncRNAs.
Cretaceous angiosperms from an allegedly Triassic flora at Williams Point, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands

A terrestrial sequence on Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, known as the Williams Point Beds contains a well-preserved, diverse fossil flora previously assigned a Triassic age. Because of their supposed age, volcanic provenance and evidence for active volcanism, the Williams Point Beds have occupied a unique position in Gondwana (pre-Jurassic) stratigraphy in the Antarctic Peninsula region. However, a large new collection of plant specimens obtained at Williams Point has yielded several species of angiosperm leaves, which are abundant and occur at all levels within the Williams Point Beds sequence. Thus, a Triassic age is no longer tenable. On the basis of the plants present and published radiometric ages for associated strata, the Williams Point Beds fossil flora is reassigned to the Cretaceous, and there is some evidence for a more restricted Albian–Cenomanian age. This revision of the age of the Williams Point Beds removes all direct evidence for an active Triassic volcanic arc in the Antarctic Peninsula region.
Late Quaternary marine stratigraphy southeast of New Zealand

Sediment cores of late Quaternary age from the continental margin and deep sea (Bounty Trough) southeast of New Zealand reveal an alternating sequence of glacial and interglacial sediments. During glacial episodes of lowered sea level, glaciation in the Southern Alps was at its peak, and east coast rivers delivered enormous volumes of terrigenous sediments to the shelf edge. At these times, sediments of the deep adjacent basins were dominated by micaceous hemipelagic deposits with a low biogenic component consisting mostly of siliceous remains (radiolaria and sponge spicules). Planktonic foraminifera, although present, were much reduced in abundance because of increased dissolution, as in deeper water subantarctic cores farther to the south. Cool-water forms dominated. During interglacial episodes, terrigenous sediment supply to the deep basins was reduced in response to higher sea levels and as glaciers retreated and deposited much of their loads in newly formed glacial lakes and on the plains. Terrigenous sediment dilution of the biogenic portion was thus much reduced. Calcium carbonate dissolution also was reduced. These processes, in combination, led to the deposition of foraminifera-rich hemipelagic sediments. Siliceous biogenic productivity decreased. Thus, the late Quaternary marine sediment record in the area adjacent to southeast New Zealand is dominated by paleoclimatic influences that control terrigenous input, calcium carbonate dissolution, biogenic productivity, and the migration of planktonic assemblages.
An implementation of a Smart System based on Deep Learning for Pneumonia Infection Detection

Pneumonia is a serious respiratory infection that can lead to severe health complications if not detected and treated early. In this paper, we propose a smart system based on deep learning for pneumonia infection detection. The system will be deployed as a web app that can receive chest x-ray images uploaded by users and return a prediction of whether the x-ray injured or no. Through the proposed smart Web application, anybody and anywhere may now access the model. There was no need for specialized knowledge, the system uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to analyze chest X-ray images and identify signs of pneumonia infection. The CNN is trained on a large dataset of chest X-ray images labeled as either normal or infected with pneumonia. The system can be integrated into existing healthcare systems to provide early detection and timely treatment of pneumonia infections, thereby improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs.
Polypharmacy, Gender Disparities, and Ethnic and Racial Predispositions in Long QT Syndrome: An In-Depth Review

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a complex disorder of cardiac electrophysiology. It is characterized by delayed myocardial polarization leading to QT prolongation and alterations on the ST segment and T wave visible on electrocardiogram (ECG). Syncope is a common manifestation, and torsade de pointes (TdP) can lead to sudden cardiac death. Three major LQTS genes (KCI31, KCNH2, and SCN5) lead to most of the cases of LQTS. Lifestyle modifications, beta blockers, and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placement are the main treatments for LQTS. Polypharmacy, including QT-prolonging drugs, has been shown to worsen LQTS. The impact on potassium channels and the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) is the mechanism behind the QT interval prolongation caused by these medications. There is an increased incidence of LQTS among African-American men and women as compared to Caucasians. Women with LQTS tend to have a higher mortality rate from the condition, especially during menstruation and shortly after giving birth. Genetic testing is reserved to those patientswho exhibit either a strong clinical index of suspicion or experience persistent QT prolongation despite their lack of symptoms. Knowing the genetics, racial, and gender discrepancies can help improve patient management and a better comprehension on each case. Proper understanding of how ion channels function and their interaction with medications will lead to a better comprehension and to develop effective forms to treat those patients.
Incorporating topographic variability into a simple regional snowmelt model

General circulation models (GCMs), or stand‐alone models that are forced by the output from GCMs, are increasingly being used to simulate the interactions between snow cover, snowmelt, climate and water resources. The variation in snowpack extent, and hence albedo, through time in a cell is likely to be substantial, especially in mid‐latitude mountainous regions. As a consequence, the energy budget simulation by a GCM relies on a realistic representation of snowpack extent. Similarly, from a water resource perspective, the spatial extent of the pack is key in predicting meltwater discharges into rivers. In this paper a simple computationally efficient regional snow model has been developed, which is based on a degree‐day approach and simulates the fraction of the model domain covered by snow, the spatially averaged melt rate and the mean snowpack depth. Computational efficiency is achieved through a novel spatial averaging procedure, which relies on the assumptions that precipitation and temperature scale linearly with elevation and that the distribution of elevations in the domain can be modelled by a continuous function. The resulting spatially averaged model is compared with both observations of the duration of snow cover throughout Austria and with results from a distributed model based on the same underlying assumptions but applied at a fine spatial resolution. The new spatially averaged model successfully simulated the seasonal snow duration observations and reproduced the daily dynamics of snow cover extent, the spatially averaged melt rate and mean pack depth simulated by the distributed model. It, therefore, offers a computationally efficient and easily applied alternative to the current crop of regional snow models. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forgotten kingdoms in Sumatra

In addition to its fathomless jungles, immense forests, and lonely hillsides, the island of Sumatra possesses the monuments and traditions of some of the most ancient cultures of South-East Asia. Forgotten Kingdoms in Sumatra, first published in 1939, offers the only general overview available of what remains from the island's classical age. It describes the vanished civilizations whose ruins lie in the jungle, tells of the Hindu antiquities, the megaliths of Nias and Samosir, and prehistoric monuments, and relates the legends and folk-tales of the region. This book will provide much pleasurable reading for anyone interested in the history, people, and culture of Sumatra.
APPROXIMATE INVERSION OF AIRBORNE EM DATA FROM A MULTILAYERED GROUND1

A complex transfer function c (or generalized skin depth) can be derived from data for the secondary magnetic field measured by a dipole system with small coil spacing at height h above the ground. This function has a useful property: For a uniform or layered ground, the real part of c yields the‘ centroid depth’ z * of the in-phase current system as a function of frequency. This parameter can be combined with the apparent resistivity ρ a derived by conventional methods. The function ρ a ( z *), if known over a broad frequency range, yields a smoothed approximation of the true distribution ρ ( z ) without an initial model. The relations between ρ a ( z *) and ρ ( z ) are studied for a number of multilayer models. An example of the application of the ρ a *) algorithm to data from a groundwater survey is given.
Chinese in Australia 1945-1994: Changing Patterns of Migration, Racialisation and Opportunity

This paper traces the experiences of Chinese in Australia from 1945 to 1994. Australia is one o£ the four major countries of migration in the world: Over 40°/o of the population today are first or second generation migrants. Chinese migration bas been restricted by the White Australia Policy, which was abandoned in 1972. Today, more migrants come from Asia - many ethnic Chinese - than from any other region. From unwanted aliens two decades ago, Asian migrants are now sought for their skills and capital. Moreover, Australia now aims to have greater economic, political and cultural links with China and other Asian countries. This paper looks at the changing patterns of Chinese migration and the changing nature of the processes of racialisation that have shaped Chinese settlement in Australia for more than 100 years. It also traces the changes in the socioeconomic profile of Australia's Chinese to establish the opportunities in areas, such as education, the labour market and small business, that Chinese people have in contemporary Australian life.