Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Accuracy Fixed Width Booth Multiplier Base on Multi Level Conditional Probability

This brief proposes an accuracy-adjustment fixed-width Booth multiplier that compensates the truncation error using a multilevel conditional probability (MLCP) estimator and derives a closed form for various bit widths L and column information w. Compared with the exhaustive simulations strategy, the proposed MLCP estimator substantially reduces simulation time and easily adjusts accuracy based on mathematical derivations. Unlike previous conditional-probability methods, the proposed MLCP uses entire nonzero code, namely MLCP, to estimate the truncation error and achieve higher accuracy levels. Furthermore, the simple and small MLCP compensated circuit is proposed in this brief. The results of this brief show that the proposed MLCP Booth multipliers achieve low-cost high-accuracy performance. Hough transform is widely used for detecting straight lines in an image, but it involves huge computations. For embedded application, field-programmable gate arrays are one of the most used hardware accelerators to achieve real-time implementation of Hough transform. In this paper, we present a resource-efficient architecture and implementation of Hough transform on an FPGA. The incrementing property of Hough transform is described and used to reduce the resource requirement. In order to facilitate parallelism, we divide the image into blocks and apply the incrementing property to pixels within a block and between blocks. Moreover, the locality of Hough transform is analyzed to reduce the memory access.
Influence of stimulants on electrodermal studies in Fragile X syndrome

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is seen in the majority of children with Fragile X Syndrome (FraX). Previous work has documented an enhanced sweat response to stimuli in children with FraX compared to controls utilizing electrodermal response (EDR) measures. The present study assesses the EDRs both on and off stimulants in 19 children with ADHD and FraX compared to 17 age‐ and IQ‐matched control patients with ADHD and developmental delays. Although the baseline EDRs were comparable between FraX patients and controls, the patients with FraX had a significant decrease in EDR amplitude and number of peaks when treated with stimulants compared to controls. This suggests that patients with FraX are more responsive to the enhancement of inhibitory systems that occur with stimulant use for ADHD. The use of a quantifiable measure, such as EDR, is recommended in future studies of treatment efficacy. Microsc. Res. Tech. 57:168–173, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Putative Role for Actin Organization Status in the Dynamic Localization of Canalicular Carriers under Oxidative Stress Conditions

TO THE EDITOR: we have read with interest the recent paper by Sekine et al. (8), showing that redox status is a key determinant of dynamic localization of the canalicular transporter Mrp2 in hepatocytes. Although we regard this work as novel and relevant, we believe their results can be reinterpreted when better contextualized within the present body of knowledge on the field. Oxidative stress in general and particularly the oxidizing agent used by Sekine et al., tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP), induce profound changes in actin spatial organization (1, 4). As acknowledged by Sekine et al. in their article (see their Ref. 27), actin disorganization induces internalization of Mrp2, as shown by Rost et al. (7), using phalloidin as an actin-disorganizing agent. Therefore, a role for the impairment of actin integrity in Mrp2 retrieval induced by t-BHP should have been considered. Indeed, our group showed recently in isolated rat hepatocyte couplets (5) that t-BHP, at the dose used in Sekine's work (100 ␮M), triggers endocytic internalization of the bile salt export pump (Bsep), another canalicular transporter that colocalizes with Mrp2 in subcellular vesicles when retrieved under cholestatic conditions (3, 9). In this work, our laboratory also showed that actin disorganization occurs by activation of Ca 2ϩ (" classical ")-dependent PKC (cPKC) and that this phenomenon is causally linked to carrier retrieval. Interestingly, and in total agreement with our previous results (4), Sekine et al. demonstrated activation of cPKC after t-BHP exposure in their experimental settings. Dynamic changes in actin spatial organization and the activation status of cPKC may explain not only the endocytic internalization process but also the reversal of this phenomenon when redox status is normalized, a phenomenon nicely shown by Sekine et al. in their article. Our laboratory demonstrated recently (4) that administration of cPKC inhibitors after disorganization of actin has been induced by t-BHP exposure leads to both a very rapid actin cytoskeleton remodeling (4) and the recovery of the isolated rat hepatocyte couplet (IRHC) capability to secrete a fluorescent Bsep substrate, indicating reversal of Bsep mislocalization (5). Since Sekine et al. showed a similar switch off of cPKC upon normalization of the redox status to that induced by cPKC inhibitors, a similar reorganization of actin spatial distribution and the further canalicular transporter reinsertion may have occurred when oxidative un-balance was corrected. Furthermore, Sekine's finding that PKA is involved in the reversal process may be in line with our results …
Induced Resistance in Solanum lycopersicum by Algal Elicitor Extracted from Sargassum fusiforme

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production relies heavily on the use of chemical pesticides, which is undesired by health- and environment-concerned consumers. Environment-friendly methods of controlling tomato diseases include agroecological practices, organic fungicides, and biological control. Plants' resistance against pathogens is induced by applying agents called elicitors to the plants and would lead to disease prevention or reduced severity. We investigated the ability of a novel elicitor extracted from the brown sea algae (Sargassum fusiforme) to elicit induced resistance in tomato. The studied elicitor induced hypersensitive cell death and O2 − production in tomato tissues. It significantly reduced severities of late blight, grey mold, and powdery mildew of tomato. Taken together, our novel elicitor has not shown any direct antifungal activity against the studied pathogens, concluding that it is an elicitor of induced resistance.
Menu Pricing and Learning

We analyze the design of dynamic menus to sell experience goods. The quality of the product is initially unknown, and the total quantity sold in each period determines the amount of information in the market. We characterize the optimum menu as a function of consumers' beliefs, and the dynamic adjustments resulting from the diffusion of information. The rm faces a dynamic trade-off between gains from trade, information production, and information rents. It initially charges lower prices, sacri cing short-term revenue to increase sales. As more information is revealed, prices increase, and low-valuation buyers are excluded, even when the product's quality is high. JEL: D42, D82, D83, L12.
Building Social Capital in Online Communities: a Perspective of Information and System Quality

An Online Community (OC) is an IT-based social space where people are connected and access various resources during virtual social interaction. Previous IS research reveals that social capital can be a salient determinant of user participation and contribution to OCs. However, most such research assumes that social capital is given and has been built; limited attention has been paid on how social capital is developed within an OC. To bridge the gap, grounded on the Social Capital Theory (SCT) and IS quality literature, we argue that information quality and system quality influence social capital building in an OC from a multi-dimensional perspective in terms of cognitive, relational and structural capital. The potential results of this study will shed light on the design and management of OCs.
Easy-To-Use Programming Model for Web Services Security

Even with a support tool, setting up a Web services security (WS-Security) configuration can be difficult for people who are not familiar with WS-Security. Some of the reasons are that the WS-Security is a very rich specification with many options and often the processing is complicated. This paper introduces an application programming model (WSSAPI) to simplify the programming experience for end users. It was designed by looking at WS-Security processing from an abstract level. Also, it is designed to consider correctness, efficiency, usability, flexibility, portability, and extensibility. End users just follow the six-step programming model provided in WSSAPI to configure WS-Security. The comparison of WSSAPI to others, like WSS4J, WSE, and JSR-105 shows that it is much easier for end users to use WSSAPI. In this paper, existing APIs for WS-Security are reviewed and compared with WSSAPI to evaluate the ease of use and utility.
Protection Against Hardware Trojan Attacks: Towards a Comprehensive Solution

With the increasing disintegration of the design and manufacturing chain of our microelectronic products, we should not only worry about including unintentional, unwanted hardware features (“bugs”), but also about including intentional malicious hardware features: “Trojan Horses,”which act as spies or terrorists. This article provides an overview of hardware Trojans and countermeasures.
Sectors under scrutiny – Evaluation of indicators to assess the risk of carbon leakage in the UK and Germany

One of the central debates surrounding the design of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme is the approach to addressing carbon leakage. Correctly identifying the economic activities exposed to the risk of carbon leakage represents the first step in mitigating the risk effectively. Several metrics and methods have been proposed to separate sectors which are at risk from those which are not. This study sets out a simple analytical framework and several indicators to measure the relative potential exposure of manufacturing sectors to emissions leakage. These indicators are applied to detailed UK and German data. This illustrates that, when applied to high quality data, simple metrics can be used to identify carbon-intensive-trade-exposed sectors. We find that, of the 159 industrial sub-sectors examined, CO2 cost impacts are focused on a few industrial sub-sectors. The 25 highest ranking sub-sectors collectively account for around 13% of total UK CO2 emissions (from both direct and indirect energy use), 1% of total UK GDP, and 0.5% of total UK employment. For Germany, the equivalent figures are 22% of total CO2 emissions, 2% of GDP and 1% of employment. That the vulnerable sectors account for small shares of emission, value-added and employment does not mean that their potential emissions leakage can be ignored. Rather, the focus on specific sub-sectors provides possibilities for tailored and technical solutions where leakage is a valid concern, thus improving robust economic performance and the credibility of the EU ETS as an instrument for delivering emissions reductions.
Consequences of the provability of NP ⊆ P/poly

Abstract We prove the following results: (i) PV proves NP ⊆ P/poly iff PV proves coNP ⊆ NP/O(1). (ii) If PV proves NP ⊆ P/poly then PV proves that the Polynomial Hierarchy collapses to the Boolean Hierarchy, (iii) proves NP ⊆ P/poly iff proves coNP ⊆ NP/O(log n). (iv) If proves NP ⊆ P/poly then proves that the Polynomial Hierarchy collapses to PNP[log n]. (v) If proves NP ⊆ P/poly then proves that the Polynomial Hierarchy collapses to PNP. Motivated by these results we introduce a new concept in proof complexity: proof systems with advice, and we make some initial observations about them.
How Does Algorithm Visualization Affect Collaboration? - Video Analysis of Engagement and Discussions

In this paper, we report a study on the use of Algorithm Visualizations (AV) in collaborative learning. Our previous results have confirmed the hypothesis that students’ higher engagement has a positive effect on learning outcomes. Thus, we now analyze the students’ collaborative learning process in order to find phenomena that explain the learning improvements. Based on the study of the recorded screens and audio during the learning, we show that the amount of collaboration and discussion increases during the learning sessions when the level of engagement increases. Furthermore, the groups that used visualizations on higher level of engagement, discussed the learned topic on different levels of abstraction whereas groups that used visualizations on lower levels of engagement tended to concentrate more on only one aspect of the topic. Therefore, we conclude that the level of engagement predicts, not only the learning performance, but also the amount of on-topic discussion in collaboration. Furthermore, we claim that the amount and quality of discussions explain the learning performance differences when students use visualizations in collaboration on different levels of engagement.
Once Bitten, Twice Shy: Do Personal Experiences or Wealth Changes Affect Risk Taking?

We study how personal experiences affect individual risk taking. To separate the intertwining effects of personal experiences and wealth changes, our identification strategy relies on the decision to keep or rebalance unexpected inheritances of risky assets. Experience derives from investments in banks that defaulted in the aftermath of the financial crisis. To differentiate the effect of personal experiences, we classify the degrees of experiences into first-hand experiences from personal losses, second-hand experiences from the losses of close family members, and third-hand experiences from living in municipalities where banks defaulted. We find that thirdhand experiences result in marginally lower risk taking. Second-hand experiences have a relatively stronger negative effect, whereas the effect of first-hand experiences on risk taking is strongly negative. Overall, our results demonstrate that personal experiences aside from changes in wealth explain substantial heterogeneity in individuals’ risk taking. JEL Classifications: D03, D14, G11
Wo der Schmerz in das Bewusstsein tritt: das thalamo-kortikale System bei der Schmerzverarbeitung

Zusammenfassung Die Übersetzung von schmerzhaften Reizen in Schmerzempfindungen wird durch mehrere periphere und zentrale Signalwege des Nervensystems verwirklicht. Man nimmt heute an, dass die Organisation dieser Signalwege die beiden Hauptfunktionen der Schmerzwahrnehmung wiederspiegeln: die Bewertung von schmerzhaften Reizen (wo, was, wie stark) und die Generierung negativer Emotionen. Experimentelle Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass aufsteigende Schmerzsignale über zwei Hauptwege im thalamokortikalen (TK) System verlaufen, die diese beiden Funktionen erfüllen. Wir diskutieren daher hier die strukturellen und funktionellen Befunde, die zu der Auffassung führten, dass diskriminierende Schmerzbewertung im lateralen TK-Weg ausgeführt wird, während der mediale TK-Weg schmerzassoziierte aversive Emotionen generiert. Obwohl der Schwerpunkt dieses Übersichtsartikels auf akuter Schmerzverarbeitung liegt, gehen wir zum Schluss darauf ein, wie Veränderungen in diesen Signalwegen zu pathologischen Schmerzempfindungen bei Menschen und Tiermodellen führen können.
DRT and Underspecification of Plural Ambiguities ∗

This paper considers the underspecification of distributive and collective readings of plural NPs in Discourse Representation Theory (Kamp and Reyle 1993) and Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (Pollard and Sag 1994). We address some shortcomings in previous approaches in the underspecification literature, namely issues related to the assumption that plural NPs are semantically ambiguous between distributive and collective. Quantification phenomena, generic and cumulative readings are also considered, and it is proposed a uniform account in a compositional, monotonic and underspecified approach.
Connectedness of number theoretic tilings

Let T = T ( A, D ) be a self-afﬁne tile in R n deﬁned by an integral expanding matrix A and a digit set D . In connection with canonical number systems, we study connectedness of T when D corresponds to the set of consecutive integers { 0 , 1 , . , | det( A ) |− 1 } . It is shown that in R 3 and R 4 , for any integral expanding matrix A , T ( A, D ) is connected. We also study the connectedness of Pisot dual tilings which play an important role in the study of β -expansion, substitution and symbolic dynamical system. It is shown that each tile generated by a Pisot unit of degree 3 is arcwise connected. This is naturally expected since the digit set consists of consecutive integers as above. However surprisingly, we found families of disconnected Pisot dual tiles of degree 4 . Also we give a simple necessary and sufﬁcient condition for the connectedness of the Pisot dual tiles of degree 4 . As a byproduct, a complete classiﬁcation of the β -expansion of 1 for quartic Pisot units is given.
Book Section: Essay and Review: Conducting Scientifically Crafted Child Custody Evaluations

When divorcing parents fight over the custody of their children, they may force family courts to resolve the disputes. Because these complicated disputes center on family relationships and dynamics, and the court's primary consideration is the best interest of the child however that might be defined in a particular jurisdiction-courts continue to look to mental health professionals (MHPs) for input in child custody decisions. For several reasons, MHPs have not shied from providing that input-often by conducting child custody evaluations and testifying as expert witnesses. For one, MHPs may perceive a special expertise because much of their graduate training and professional work focused on assessing and treating a person's psychological functioning and its effects on family dynamics. In addition, many MHPs reportedly have looked to forensic work to broaden their practices financially because of managed care restrictions and documentation requirements. Other MHPs have developed a keen interest in integrating and applying psychological! psychiatric knowledge to legal questions in a particular case.
PEMBERIAN HUKUMAN “PUKULAN” DAN PEMBIASAAN BERBAHASA DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM SEBAGAI SOLUSI BAGI ORANG TUA

The child is a trust given by Allah in His people, there are few things should be noted currently child growth and development. Especially the development of aqidah and moral development (akhlak). Developments relating with aqidah as faith, while morals relating with child behavior. pattern against children educaton operations can be performed non-verbal and verbal. No only firmly embodied in or operating verbal language. But can be also shown operating non-verbal, such as what can be done with how to operate physical punishment. Physical punishment is done by parents like hitting the child, not mean parents is cruel for hitting the hearts of Islamic education denid entry, as long as the beating is done based on the rules has been determined. However. Parents can establish morals (akhlak) children with how do good communication. By using language what mannered. Therefore, important for parents teach about speak politely by hearts early on. With communications using language that good will creates the sponsored children hearts speak, because language has the role of character formation for kid.
EFFICIENT MARKOV NETWORK DISCOVERY USING PARTICLE FILTERS

In this paper, we introduce an efficient independence‐based algorithm for the induction of the Markov network (MN) structure of a domain from the outcomes of independence test conducted on data. Our algorithm utilizes a particle filter (sequential Monte Carlo) method to maintain a population of MN structures that represent the posterior probability distribution over structures, given the outcomes of the tests performed. This enables us to select, at each step, the maximally informative test to conduct next from a pool of candidates according to information gain, which minimizes the cost of the statistical tests conducted on data. This makes our approach useful in domains where independence tests are expensive, such as cases of very large data sets and/or distributed data. In addition, our method maintains multiple candidate structures weighed by posterior probability, which allows flexibility in the presence of potential errors in the test outcomes.
Grover's Quantum Search Based Data Detection Algorithm for MIMO System

Abstract Maximum like-lihood (ML) algorithm is the optimal detection scheme for the data detection of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems, but it has a high complexity in its preprocessing. For good performance and low complexity, a new Grover’s Quantum Search (GS) based data detection algorithm for MIMO system is proposed. It can increase the probability amplitude of solutions while reducing the probability amplitude of non-solutions. By Grover’s iterative process, the probability amplitude of solutions can reach maximum. So it can get the solutions after measurement with a high probability. The simulation results show that the proposed data detection algorithm for MIMO system has a very close to ML based data detection in Bit Error Rate (BER) performance, but it has lower complexity than ML based data detection algorithm.
Parameterized algorithms for the max k-set cover and related satisfiability problems

Given a family of subsets S = {S1, . , Sm} over a set of elements X = {x1, . , xn} and an integer p, max k-set cover consists of finding a set T of at most k subsets covering at least p elements. This problem, when parameterized by k, can be easily shown to be W[2]-hard. Here, we settle the parameterized complexity of max k-set cover under several parameters as max{k,_}, where _ = maxi{|Si|}, p and max{k, f}, where f = maxi |{j|xi 2 Sj}|. We also study parameterized approximability of the problem with respect to parameters k and p. We also study parameterization of a satisfiability problem that is linked to max k-set cover in a sense explained in the paper. Finally, we sketch an enhancement of the classes of the W[*] that seems more appropriate for showing completeness of hard W[*]-problems.
A Mobile Agent-based Computing Environment for Pedestrian Tracking Simulation

The study of pedestrian behavior covers wide topics, including way finding, choice and decision make, as well as spatial cognition and environmental perception. To address the problem, simulation is now put forward as suitable technique and method for analyzing human spatial behavior. In the paper we present a development architecture for simulating tracking pedestrian in a distributed environment. We introduce and explore the potential of using mobile agent-enabled distributed implementation model as a tool for development and implementation of the simulation. Three kinds of mobile agents are designed for implementation of managing and querying data of pedestrian. Finally, simulation result of JR 10,000 passengers’ movement is developed and implemented as a case study.
Theorising outdoor education: purpose and practice

Many individuals freely opt to take part in outdoor adventure activities. A high proportion of these first encountered such activities as a consequence of a school or youth group initially offering them an introductory ‘taster’. This chapter concentrates on facilitated interventions that offer outdoor adventure experiences explicitly for developmental purposes. Like Roberts (2012), the author makes a distinction between ‘learning by doing’, that is developing skills and knowledge in order to learn a subject or craft, and ‘experiential education’ that Roberts notes is concerned with the emerging identities of young people, their relations with others and the world around them, and their trajectory as they negotiate a place in the adult world. Whilst learning the skills and knowledge of an outdoor adventure (OA) activity is a necessary and beneficial aspect of outdoor adventure education (OAE) it is the broader purpose these new skills are used for and what this means to young people that lies at the core of OAE.