Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hibernation is associated with increased survival and the evolution of slow life histories among mammals

Survival probability is predicted to underlie the evolution of life histories along a slow–fast continuum. Hibernation allows a diverse range of small mammals to exhibit seasonal dormancy, which might increase survival and consequently be associated with relatively slow life histories. We used phylogenetically informed GLS models to test for an effect of hibernation on seasonal and annual survival, and on key attributes of life histories among mammals. Monthly survival was in most cases higher during hibernation compared with the active season, probably because inactivity minimizes predation. Hibernators also have approximately 15 per cent higher annual survival than similar sized non-hibernating species. As predicted, we found an effect of hibernation on the relationships between life history attributes and body mass: small hibernating mammals generally have longer maximum life spans (50% greater for a 50 g species), reproduce at slower rates, mature at older ages and have longer generation times compared with similar-sized non-hibernators. In accordance with evolutionary theories, however, hibernating species do not have longer life spans than non-hibernators with similar survival rates, nor do they have lower reproductive rates than non-hibernators with similar maximum life spans. Thus, our combined results suggest that (i) hibernation is associated with high rates of overwinter and annual survival, and (ii) an increase in survival in hibernating species is linked with the coevolution of traits indicative of relatively slow life histories.
Schizophrenia and the Fate of the Self

1. Symptoms and common explanations 2. Sense of self in schizophrenia 3. The self in and as dialogue 4. Dialogical impairment and self diminishment 5. Dialogical compromise and symptoms 6. Dialogical compromise and psychosocial dysfunction 7. Establishing and sustaining dialogue in individual psychotherapy 8. Conclusion
Single studies and overview analyses: is aspirin of value in cerebral ischemia?

1; 40% of stroke cases die within 1 month of having a stroke,' and the survivors remain at very high risk of cerebral infarction, myocardial infarction, or vascular death. 23 Secondary prevention has traditionally been based in part on surgery and on oral anticoagulants, but the efficacy of either of these has never been established. 4 Since most disabling and fatal strokes are thromboembolic 23 and many of them are preceded by less significant or transient ischemic events, 6 and given the established role of platelets in arterial thrombosis, it is not surprising that there have been several reported randomized trials of platelet-inhibiting drugs such as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), 7 " 16 dipyridamole, 17 and sulfinpyrazone ,8,13,18-20 in patients with transient ischemic attacks (TLAs) or minor strokes. From these completed studies, there is no persuasive evidence that either dipyridamole or sulfinpyrazone modify the clinical course of patients with TLAs or mild stroke, and while ASA is now an approved drug in North America for men with this indication, there are some who still question its true benefit. In addition, ASA at the dose recommended has significant side effects and is not well tolerated by many patients. 21
Depression and Risk of Stroke in Midaged Women: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

Background and Purpose— Depression is known to increase stroke risk. Although limited, there is some evidence for age differences, with a suggestion for a stronger association in younger groups. We investigated the effect of depression on stroke incidence in a large cohort of midaged women. Methods— We included 10 547 women without a history of stroke aged 47 to 52 years from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health, surveyed every 3 years from 1998 to 2010. Depression was defined at each survey using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (shortened version) and antidepressant use in the past month. Stroke was ascertained through self-report and mortality data. We determined the association between depression and stroke at the subsequent survey, using generalized estimating equation analysis, adjusting for time-varying covariates. Results— At each survey, ≈24% were defined as having depression. During follow-up, 177 strokes occurred. Depression was associated with a >2-fold increased odds of stroke (odds ratio, 2.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.78–3.27), which attenuated after adjusting for age, socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and physiological factors (odds ratio, 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.37–2.74). Findings were robust to sensitivity analyses addressing methodological issues, including definition of depression, antidepressant use, and missing covariate data. Conclusions— Depression is a strong risk factor for stroke in midaged women, with the association partially explained by lifestyle and physiological factors. Further studies of midaged and older women from the same population are needed to confirm whether depression is particularly important in younger women and to inform targeted intervention approaches.
Locally Competitive Algorithms for Sparse Approximation

Practical sparse approximation algorithms (particularly greedy algorithms) suffer two significant drawbacks: they are difficult to implement in hardware, and they are inefficient for time-varying stimuli (e.g., video) because they produce erratic temporal coefficient sequences. We present a class of locally competitive algorithms (LCAs) that correspond to a collection of sparse approximation principles minimizing a weighted combination of reconstruction MSE and a coefficient cost function. These systems use thresholding functions to induce local nonlinear competitions in a dynamical system. Simple analog hardware can implement the required nonlinearities and competitions. We show that our LCAs are stable under normal operating conditions and can produce sparsity levels comparable to existing methods. Additionally, these LCAs can produce coefficients for video sequences that are more regular (i.e., smoother and more predictable) than the coefficients produced by greedy algorithms.
Energetics of radical transfer in DNA photolyase.

Charge separation and radical transfer in DNA photolyase from Escherichia coli is investigated by computing electrostatic free energies from a solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. For the initial charge separation 450 meV are available. According to recent experiments [Aubert et al. Nature 2000, 405, 586-590] the flavin receives an electron from the proximal tryptophan W382, which consequently forms a cationic radical WH(*)(+)382. The radical state is subsequently transferred along the triad W382-W359-W306 of conserved tryptophans. The radical transfer to the intermediate tryptophan W359 is nearly isoenergetic (58 meV uphill); the radical transfer from the intermediate W359 to the distal W306 is 200 meV downhill in energy, funneling and stabilizing the radical state at W306. The resulting cationic radical WH(*)(+)306 is further stabilized by deprotonation, yielding the neutral radical W(*)306, which is 214 meV below WH(*)(+)306. The time scale of the charge recombination process yielding back the resting enzyme with FADH(*) is governed by reprotonation of W306, with a calculated lifetime of 1.2 ms that correlates well with the measured lifetime of 17 ms. In photolyase from Anacystis nidulans the radical state is partially transferred to a tyrosine [Aubert et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1999, 96, 5423-5427]. In photolyase from Escherichia coli, there is a tyrosine (Y464) close to the distal tryptophan W306 that could play this role. We show that this tyrosine cannot be involved in radical transfer, because the electron transfer from tyrosine to W306 is much too endergonic (750 meV) and a direct hydrogen transfer is likely too slow. Coupling of specific charge states of the tryptophan triad with protonation patterns of titratable residues of photolyase is small.
Neurone‐to‐astrocyte signalling in the brain represents a distinct multifunctional unit

Astrocytes can respond to neurotransmitters released at the synapse by generating elevations in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and releasing glutamate that signals back to neurones. This discovery opens new perspectives for the possible participation of these glial cells in actual information processing by the brain and raises the hypothesis that astrocyte activation by neuronal signals plays a key role in distinct, functional events. Depending on the level of neuronal activity, the [Ca2+]i response that is activated by neurotransmitters can either remain restricted to an astrocytic process or it can propagate as an intracellular [Ca2+]i wave to other astrocytic processes in contact with different neurones, astrocytes, microglia or endothelial cells of cerebral arterioles. Glutamate release triggered by the [Ca2+]i rise at the astrocytic process represents a feedback, short‐distance signal that affects synaptic transmission locally. The release of glutamate as well as of other compounds far away from the site of initial activation represents a feedforward, long‐distance signal that can be involved in the regulation of distinct processes. For instance, through the release of vasoactive molecules from the astrocytic processes in contact with cerebral arterioles, the neurone–astrocyte–endothelial cell signalling pathway plays a pivotal role in the neuronal control of vascular tone. In this article we will review recent results that should persuade us to reshape our current thinking on the roles of astroglial cells in the brain. We propose that neurones and astrocytes represent an integral unit that has a distinctive role in different fundamental events in brain function. Furthermore, while recent findings provide important evidences for the vesicular hypothesis of glutamate release, we discuss also the proposals for a possible physiological role of hemichannels and purinergic P2X7 receptors in glutamate release from astrocytes. A full clarification of the functional significance of the bidirectional communication that astrocytes establish with neurones as well as with other brain cells represents one of the most intriguing challenges in neurobiological research at the moment and should fuel stimulating debates in years to come.
Internal Organization Development Practitioners

Currently, organization development (OD) seems to be languishing. Hardly any new technology has emerged in recent years. It is also puzzling that large consulting firms are doing well but OD as a field is not. One reason may be that OD is less connected with its roots, especially those grounded in academia, namely, theory and research where new ideas often emerge. Another reason may be structural. Most internal OD practitioners today are buried within the human resource (HR) function. Five structural models are considered: traditional (OD within HR), independent (a freestanding unit), decentralized (part of a business or regional unit), integrated (every HR person an OD practitioner and vice versa), and strategy (OD being an integral part of the strategic planning function). Advantages and disadvantages of each of these models are explored. Finally, a position is taken that OD could serve the organization most effectively by being integrated with strategy.
Low-grade albuminuria and the incidence of heart failure in a community-based cohort of elderly men.

AIMS To investigate associations of urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and heart failure (HF) incidence in a community-based sample. METHODS AND RESULTS In a prospective study of 70-year-old men free from HF at baseline (n = 1106), UAER (from timed overnight samples) was analysed with established risk factors for HF [acute MI before baseline, acute MI during follow-up (modelled as a time-dependent covariate), hypertension, diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy, smoking, body mass index, and glomerular filtration rate] and more recently described risk factors [high-sensitive C-reactive protein and insulin sensitivity (clamp glucose disposal rate)] as predictors of HF incidence. Ninety-eight participants developed HF during a median follow-up of 9.0 years. In Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for established and novel risk factors for HF, a 1 SD increase in log UAER increased the risk of HF in individuals without anti-hypertensive treatment (hazard ratio 1.49; 95% CI 1.13-1.98; P = 0.005). Furthermore, UAER remained an independent predictor of HF, also in participants without diabetes at baseline or myocardial infarction at baseline or during follow-up. There were no significant associations between UAER and HF incidence in individuals with anti-hypertensive treatment. CONCLUSION Our observations support the notion that low-grade albuminuria is a marker for subclinical cardiovascular damage that predisposes to future HF in the community.
A case of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder arising from an intracystic papillary neoplasm associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction

A 54‐year‐old Japanese woman was referred with a gallbladder tumor. Based on the results of the computed tomography scan, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, a mucin‐producing neoplasm of the gallbladder associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction was diagnosed. Extended cholecystectomy, extrahepatic bile duct resection, and choledochojejunostomy were performed, and she remains free of recurrence 24 months after resection. Histopathological examination revealed that the papillary component of the lesion was an intracystic papillary neoplasm with diverse characteristics of pancreaticobiliary epithelium and intestinal epithelium including mucin. In this component, most of the papillary lesion was a high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasm, but also showed slight invasion into the muscular layer. The nodular component consisted of both poorly differentiated biliary type adenocarcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. We report a rare case of a mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma arising from an intracystic papillary neoplasm associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction. As for the histogenesis of this tumor, based on the histopathologic appearance, transdifferentiation from poorly differentiated biliary type adenocarcinoma to large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is considered the most possible histogenesis of this tumor.
Estimating the Reliability of Regeneration-Based Replica Control Protocols

The accessibility of vital information can be enhanced by replicating the data on several sites and employing a consistency control protocol to manage the replicas. The reliability of a replicated data object depends on maintaining a viable set of current replicas. When storage is limited, it may not be feasible to simply replicate a data object at enough sites to achieve the desired level of reliability. Regeneration approximates the reliability provided by additional replicas for a modest increase in storage costs, and is applicable whenever a new replica of a data object can be created faster than a system failure can be repaired. Regeneration enhances reliability by creating new replicas on other sites in response to site failures. Several strategies for replica maintenance are considered, and the benefits of each are analyzed using simulation and both algebraic and numeric solutions to systems of differential equations. >
Analyse des risques : formalisation des connaissances et structuration des données pour l'intégration des outils d'étude et de décision

Le management des risques associe differents processus d'analyse et de decision delicats. L'heterogeneite des informations exploitees dans ce contexte ainsi que la diversite des modeles de traitement utilisables rendent difficile la definition d'un cadre formel pour cette demarche. Dans ce contexte, notre objectif est de favoriser la mise en œuvre du management des risques. Notre contribution porte sur deux aspects complementaires. Nous proposons des moyens simples et operationnels pour formaliser et traiter les donnees, informations et connaissances ; nous avancons des solutions portant sur une approche "floue/possibiliste" de l'analyse des risques et sur la realisation d'analyses multi-criteres. Nous proposons un modele conceptuel des donnees permettant de decrire la situation etudiee et d'integrer de facon coherente les outils d'analyse et decisionnels, assurant ainsi un continuum entre toutes les etapes du processus de management des risques.
Plasmid Chemokines and Colony-Stimulating Factors Enhance the Immunogenicity of DNA Priming-Viral Vector Boosting Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vaccines

ABSTRACT Heterologous “prime-boost” regimens that involve priming with plasmid DNA vaccines and boosting with recombinant viral vectors have been shown to elicit potent virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses. Increasing evidence, however, suggests that the utility of recombinant viral vectors in human populations will be significantly limited by preexisting antivector immunity. Here we demonstrate that the coadministration of plasmid chemokines and colony-stimulating factors with plasmid DNA vaccines markedly increases the immunogenicity of DNA prime-recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) boost and DNA prime-recombinant vaccinia virus (rVac) boost vaccine regimens in BALB/c mice. In mice with preexisting anti-Ad5 immunity, priming with the DNA vaccine alone followed by rAd5 boosting elicited only marginal immune responses. In contrast, cytokine-augmented DNA vaccine priming followed by rAd5 vector boosting was able to generate potent immune responses in mice with preexisting anti-Ad5 immunity. These data demonstrate that plasmid cytokines can markedly improve the immunogenicity of DNA prime-viral vector boost vaccine strategies and can partially compensate for antivector immunity.
Dynamic processes in emotion regulation choice

ABSTRACT Because emotion regulation (ER) processes operate over time, they potentially change the context in which subsequent ER processes occur. To test this proposal, fifty-two healthy participants completed the ER choice task. Thirty standardized low- and high-intensity negative images were used to generate different emotional contexts in which participants selected between distraction or reappraisal strategies to decrease the intensity of their negative emotion. Participants then implemented their selected strategy and rated their negative emotion. Using a dynamic perspective, we examined as predictors of ER strategy choice, in addition to current stimulus intensity, several contextual factors from the immediately preceding trial: preceding stimulus intensity and strategy choice, and the intensity of negative affect following the previous strategy implementation and thus preceding the current trial. Results replicated earlier findings that participants are more likely to choose distraction for high-intensity images. Extending earlier findings, selecting reappraisal in the preceding trial and greater negative affect preceding the current trial were associated with lower odds of choosing distraction. The lack of significant interactions among the current and preceding trial factors suggests that these effects on ER choice were direct and not through moderating the effect of current stimulus intensity. These findings support dynamic theories of ER.
Language and the career of similarity.

Similarity has been cast both as hero and as villain in theories of cognitive processing, and the same is true for cognitive development. On the positive side, Rosch and her colleagues have suggested that similarity is an initial organizing principle in the development of categorization (e.g., Rosch, Mervis, Gray, Johnson, & Boyes-Braem, 1976), and Carey (1985) implicates a similarity mechanism in children's learning of the biological domain. It has also been suggested that similarity may play a role in word acquisition (Anglin, 1970; Bowerman, 1973, 1976; E. V. Clark, 1973; Davidson & Gelman, 1990; Gentner, 1982c). Others have taken a more pessimistic view, according to which similarity is either a misleading or at best an inferior strategy used as a last resort. Keil (1989), for example, posits that children begin with theories of the world and that
Wireless honeypots: survey and assessment

The great recent advancements in wireless networking have drawn attention to the privacy and security problems that accompanied them. Wireless Honeypots have been introduced as tools whose value lies in the unauthorized attempts to use them. They have been successfully deployed in areas where they were able to trap hackers into virtual networks, and collect useful information about their attempted attacks. In this paper, we discuss attacks against wireless networks and classify the different existing Wireless Honeypots methods that have been proposed for defense against these attacks. We assess each wireless honeypots method by comparing their strengths and weaknesses in terms of the methods of deception used with them, authentication protocols implemented, logging facilities, and several other attributes.
Journal of Asthma and Allergy Dovepress Early Childhood Wheezers: Identifying Asthma in Later Life

Wheeze in young children is common, and asthma is the most common non-communicable disease in children. Prevalence studies of recurrent asthma-like symptoms in children under the age of 5 years have reported that one third of children in the US and Europe are affected, and rates and severity appear to be higher in developing countries. Over the last few decades, significant research efforts have focused on identification of risk factors and predictors of wheeze and on tools to identify which children who wheeze will progress to develop asthma. We reviewed the phenotypes of childhood wheezing, genetic risk factors, environmental factors, testing/predictive indices, and primary prevention. While it is generally agreed that a complex interaction of environmental exposure and genetic susceptibility contributes to the development of asthma, limitations in predictive tools and tests restrict our ability to provide families with guidance as to whether their child with wheeze will ultimately develop asthma. Additional research is needed to clarify childhood wheeze phenotypes, to develop tools to determine which children will develop asthma, and to determine how and when to intervene. If these areas can be addressed, it would help reduce this large burden on children, families, and society.
Dynamical D 4-D 8 branes in supergravity

We present a class of dynamical solutions for an intersecting D4-D8 brane system in ten-dimensional type IIA supergravity. The dynamical solutions reduces to a static warped AdS6 × S geometry in a certain spacetime region. We also consider lower-dimensional effective theories for the warped compactification of general p-brane system. It is found that an effective p + 1-dimensional description is not possible in general due to the entanglement of the transverse coordinates and the p+1-dimensional coordinates in the metric components. Then we discuss cosmological solutions. We find a solution that behaves like a Kasner-type cosmological solution at τ → ∞, while it reduces to a warped static solution at τ → 0, where τ is the cosmic time.