Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selective shielding technique to eliminate crosstalk transitions

With CMOS process technology scaling to deep submicron level, propagation delay across long on-chip buses is becoming one of the main performance limiting factors in high-performance designs. Propagation delay is very significant when adjacent wires are transitioning in opposite direction as compared to transitioning in the same direction. As opposite transitions on adjacent wires (called as crosstalk transitions) have significant impact on propagation delay, several bus encoding techniques have been proposed in literature to eliminate such transitions. We propose selective shielding technique to eliminate crosstalk transitions. We show that the selective shielding technique requires ⌈3n/2⌉ wires to encode a n-bit bus. SPICE simulations by considering 90nm technology nodes reveal that, for uniformly distributed random data, our technique achieves nearly 39% (21%) delay savings over 10mm-length uncoded 32-bit bus for pipelined (nonpipelined) data transmission at the cost of nearly 7% energy overhead.
Ontological Networks: Mapping Ontological Knowledge Bases into Graphs

With the exponentially growing amount of available data on the Web over the last years, several projects have been created to automatically extract knowledge from this information set. As the data domains on the Web are too wide, most of these projects store the acquired knowledge in ontological knowledge bases (OKBs). Mapping it into graph-based representation makes possible to apply graph-mining techniques to extract implicit information. However most of these projects treat the mapping process using different adjustments in several ways, thus, there is not a standard mapping process or a formal way defifined to do this task. In this paper we formally describe a graph structure called Ontological Network and how it can be used to map an Ontological Knowledge Base. We also show some graph-mining based algorithms to add new facts and to extend the ontology of an OKB while mapped into an Ontological Network as example.
Language Politics and Practices in the Baltic States

This monograph provides an overview of the language situation in the three Baltic countries: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. It examines the recent change in language regimes that the Baltic States have deliberately brought about since the restitution of their independence, the nature of these changes, the opposition they have engendered and the linguistic, political and social consequences of these policies, both locally and internationally. First, an overview is provided on the historical background to contextualise and present language policy issues in the Baltic. Then attempts to overturn major aspects of Soviet language policy and to re-institute the national language are highlighted. Aspects of the current language situation covered include a special focus on bilingual and multilingual language use in the Baltic multiethnic settings. Detailed attention is also paid to language provision in the diverging educational settings, as well as to methods of assessment. This is followed by a discussion of attitudes to language use, standardisation, testing, languages and language variants. In conclusion the scholarly treatment of Baltic language policy issues is examined, concluding with an evaluation of the contribution of the Baltic States to our overall understandings of language policy and its complexities.
Odorant tuning of olfactory crypt cells from juvenile and adult rainbow trout

SUMMARY Teleost fish lack independent olfactory organs for odorant and pheromone detection. Instead, they have a single sensory epithelium with two populations of receptor neurons, ciliated and microvillous, that are conserved among vertebrates, and a unique receptor cell type named the olfactory crypt cell. Crypt cells were shown to be chemosensory neurons that project to specific areas in the olfactory bulb, but their odorant tuning and overall function remain unclear. Reproduction in fish is generally synchronized by sex pheromonal signaling between males and females, but the sensors responsible for pheromone detection remain unknown. In crucian carp, a seasonal variation in the population of olfactory crypt cells and their brain projections pathways, involved in reproduction, led to the hypothesis of a role as sex pheromone detectors. In the present study, morphology and localization of olfactory crypt cells were compared between juvenile and mature rainbow trout of both sexes, and calcium imaging was used to visualize responses of crypt cells from the three groups to common social and food-related odorants, sex hormones and conspecific tissue extracts. Crypt cells from mature trout were found to be larger than those of juvenile specimens, and preferentially localized to the apical surface of the olfactory epithelium. Although a fraction of crypt cells of all groups responded to common odorants such as amino acids and bile salts, cells from mature trout showed a characteristic preference for gonadal extracts and hormones from the opposite sex. These results support an involvement of olfactory crypt cells in reproduction-related olfactory signaling in fishes.
Development of the high repetitive impulse voltage generator using semiconductor switches

Using semiconductor switches of high power thyristor and L-C resonant charging method, we developed a high repetitive impulse voltage generator. In this system, an improved charging circuit with diodes is adopted to lower its impedance of charging circuit and to implement uniform impulse voltage to circuit elements of diodes and resistances. With a five stage IG, high speed charging feature of 50 micro sec and preliminary result of 2 kHz repetitive operation are confirmed.
Detecting and Comparing Non-Coding RNAs in the High-Throughput Era

In recent years there has been a growing interest in the field of non-coding RNA. This surge is a direct consequence of the discovery of a huge number of new non-coding genes and of the finding that many of these transcripts are involved in key cellular functions. In this context, accurately detecting and comparing RNA sequences has become important. Aligning nucleotide sequences is a key requisite when searching for homologous genes. Accurate alignments reveal evolutionary relationships, conserved regions and more generally any biologically relevant pattern. Comparing RNA molecules is, however, a challenging task. The nucleotide alphabet is simpler and therefore less informative than that of amino-acids. Moreover for many non-coding RNAs, evolution is likely to be mostly constrained at the structural level and not at the sequence level. This results in very poor sequence conservation impeding comparison of these molecules. These difficulties define a context where new methods are urgently needed in order to exploit experimental results to their full potential. This review focuses on the comparative genomics of non-coding RNAs in the context of new sequencing technologies and especially dealing with two extremely important and timely research aspects: the development of new methods to align RNAs and the analysis of high-throughput data.
A Novel Reflection Pulse Oximeter for Home Health Care Applications

This paper presents a novel pulse oximeter design for monitoring physiologic parameters and demonstrates the feasibility of extracting accurate heart rate (HR)and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2)from a reflection type photo plethysmographic (PPG)sensor. The time domain processing algorithm is used to enhance the accuracy in real-time detection. This study may be helpful in the design of low-cost and portable devices for use in home health care applications.
Random PWM technique based induction motor phase current reconstruction from DC-link current of inverters

This paper focuses on finding a novel strategy for reconstructing induction motor phase currents from the DC-link current of two-level voltage source inverters. The main problems are presented and different PWM techniques include SVPWM, NSPWM, AZSPWM and RPWM(RPP) are compared in this paper are discussed. RPP strategy is proved that it can be effectively reduce the invalid regions both around zero voltage and near active-vectors and suite for proposed use. And the influence of the EMI during reconstructing phase current also mentioned in this paper. Experiment result confirms the validity of the new method.
Carrying the Burden of Transformation: The experiences of women managers in UK higher and further education

We start from the premise that change in further and higher education (F/HE) in the UK is part of much wider processes of transformation in which we implicate the usual suspects: postmodernity, post-Fordism, globalisation and restructuring. The global crisis of capital of the late 1970s prompted radical changes in the political economy and a transition from Fordist production regimes to  exible post-Fordist regimes of accumulation. Such transformations had very signi cant consequences for social formation, state organisation (Jessop, 1990) and work processes (Watkins, 1994). We have a particular interest here in the consequences for education policy of the dominance of economic rationalism and its encouragement of the ‘economising’ of education (Kenway, 1994). Along with others interested in the tightening of the bonds between education and the economy, we recognise as signi cant the changes in organisational forms and processes, as well as in curriculum content (Shilling, 1989; Brown & Lauder, 1992). It is also important to recognise the ‘new production rules’ for national and institutional policy formulation and implementation (Soucek, 1994), through which corporate interests exert considerable in uence. The combination of marketisation and devolution acts to carry the economic rationalist agenda into the education workplace, while exerting very considerable pressure on institutional managers to deliver. In the transition from Fordist to post-Fordist regimes of  exible accumulation, educational organisations play a key role. They are charged with the production of a differentially skilled workforce, divided, according to Soucek (1994) into three tiers: ‘highly-skilled professional and other core workers; speci cally-skilled peripheral full-time workers; generically-skilled peripheral part-time or casual workers ’. Part of the process of transition involves the mirroring by educational organisations of these three categories within their own workforce, and investigation of the extent of this mirroring process and its gender implications is part of our research agenda. There are three key policy areas designed to ensure the successful harnessing of educational organisations to the post-Fordist economising project; the  rst involves the
Serum Phosphate as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Events in People with and without Chronic Kidney Disease: A Large Community Based Cohort Study

Background Serum phosphate is a known risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), however data on the association of these outcomes with serum phosphate in the general population are scarce. We investigate this relationship in people with and without CKD in a large community-based population. Methods Three groups from an adult cohort of the Quality Improvement in Chronic Kidney Disease (QICKD) cluster randomised trial (ISRCTN56023731) were followed over a period of 2.5 years: people with normal renal function (N = 24,184), people with CKD stages 1–2 (N = 20,356), and people with CKD stages 3–5 (N = 13,292). We used a multilevel logistic regression model to determine the association between serum phosphate, in these groups, and a composite outcome of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, and advanced coronary artery disease. We adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors. Findings Higher phosphate levels were found to correlate with increased cardiovascular risk. In people with normal renal function and CKD stages 1–2, Phosphate levels between 1.25 and 1.50 mmol/l were associated with increased cardiovascular events; odds ratio (OR) 1.36 (95% CI 1.06–1.74; p = 0.016) in people with normal renal function and OR 1.40 (95% CI 1.09–1.81; p = 0.010) in people with CKD stages 1–2. Hypophosphatemia (<0.75 mmol/l) was associated with fewer cardiovascular events in people with normal renal function; OR 0.59 (95% CI 0.36–0.97; p = 0.049). In people with CKD stages 3–5, hyperphosphatemia (>1.50 mmol/l) was associated with increased cardiovascular risk; OR 2.34 (95% CI 1.64–3.32; p<0.001). Other phosphate ranges were not found to have a significant impact on cardiovascular events in people with CKD stages 3–5. Conclusions Serum phosphate is associated with cardiovascular events in people with and without CKD. Further research is required to determine the mechanisms underlying these associations.
Language and Social Understanding: Commentary on Nelson et al.

There are many parallels between modern-day theory of mind research and Piagetian research in the 1960’s and 1970’s concerning such things as children’s understanding of the conservation of quantities. For many years few researchers believed that 4and 5-year-old children really did not understand that there is the same amount of juice no matter the shape of the glass it is in. There must be something wrong with the task, or something wrong with the experimenter-child discourse about the task. Modifications of the procedure, training children in the task, and other changes did sometimes produce improvements in children’s performance, but these were typically modest and not long-lasting [Gelman & Baillergeon, 1983]. It is now widely accepted that no matter the procedure, conservation of quantity is a difficult concept for young children and they do not master it easily until the end of the preschool period. Some of the same incredulity greeted the findings from the first false belief tasks. Surely 3-year-olds cannot be so dense. And so people have tried many modifications to the task and various training procedures. The modifications of Nelson et al. are especially interesting and innovative and show a refined sensitivity to children’s rather fragile attention spans and discourse competencies. But in a recent meta-analysis of literally hundreds of administrations of all of the different versions of the false belief task, Wellman et al. [2001] demonstrated that these task variations, like those in Piagetian tasks, can help to some degree, but they do not change the fact that this task is really difficult for children before 4 years of age. The way the task is administered and the discourse in it matter, but only within limits. Indeed, some versions would not seem to be particularly demanding of children at all. For instance, in the change of locations task (Sally-Ann task) children are not necessarily engaged in any discourse about mental states, and they can express their
Mythic Battles: Examining the Lawyer-Public Relations Counselor Dynamic

Long considered adversarial, relationships between public relations practitioners and lawyers were analyzed via Q methodology and depth interviews. Subjective attitudes were measured regarding strategies in dealing with the public in times of organizational crisis and how the individuals viewed their professional counterparts. Analysis employed concepts central to coorientation theory. Lawyers more accurately projected the public relations response than vice versa. Relationships seem to be all-important, and the proverbial law-public relations conflict may have taken on nearly mythic proportions.
Valeur ajoutée par les parties prenantes et création de valeur de l'entreprise

Le modele de parties prenantes considere que la creation de valeur de l’entreprise peut etre mieux estimee par la mesure de la valeur creee par les parties prenantes. Ainsi, nous avons examine la relation entre la valeur ajoutee par les parties prenantes, proposee par Figge et Schaltegger (2000), et la creation de valeur mesuree par les benefices anormaux. Les resultats obtenus, a partir d’un echantillon des actions du SBF250 et des regressions en coupe instantanee, sont significatifs pour certaines parties prenantes.
Age- and Training-Dependent Development of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy in Heterozygous Plakoglobin-Deficient Mice

Background— Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited disorder that causes sudden death and right ventricular heart failure in the young. Clinical data suggest that competitive sports may provoke ARVC in susceptible persons. Genetically, loss-of-function mutations in desmosomal proteins (plakophilin, desmoplakin, or plakoglobin) have been associated with ARVC. To test the hypothesis that reduced desmosomal protein expression causes ARVC, we studied the cardiac effects of heterozygous plakoglobin deficiency in mice. Methods and Results— Ten-month-old heterozygous plakoglobin-deficient mice (plakoglobin+/−) had increased right ventricular volume, reduced right ventricular function, and spontaneous ventricular ectopy (all P<0.05). Left ventricular size and function were not altered. Isolated, perfused plakoglobin+/− hearts had spontaneous ventricular tachycardia of right ventricular origin and prolonged right ventricular conduction times compared with wild-type hearts. Endurance training accelerated the development of right ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmias in plakoglobin+/− mice. Histology and electron microscopy did not identify right ventricular abnormalities in affected animals. Conclusions— Heterozygous plakoglobin deficiency provokes ARVC. Manifestation of the phenotype is accelerated by endurance training. This suggests a functional role for plakoglobin and training in the development of ARVC.
Program Implementation and Student Achievement in a Four-Year Madeline Hunter Follow-Through Project

This paper describes findings from a Follow-Through Project in 2 Napa County, California, schools over a 4-year period. The study explored relationships between program implementation and student engaged rate and achievement in reading and mathematics from 1982 to 1985. Madeline Hunter's Instructional Theory into Practice model was the major training component for teachers in grades 1-4. The study consisted of 4 phases. This paper reports findings from the fourth and final (1984-1985) phase, which consisted of program maintenance by principals and teachers at the schools, with minimal assistance from project staff. Teacher implementation of the model was measured using the Instructional Skills Observation Instrument (ISOI). From 1982 through 1984, there were significant increases in teacher ISOI scores for both reading and mathematics. In 1985, 7 of 11 teachers' reading and mathematics ISOI scores decreased. Student engaged rates in reading and mathematics increased significantly from 1982 to 1984 but dropped significantly in 1985. The longitudinal effects of the program on student achievement were analyzed using 102 students who remained in the program for all 4 years. Students gained significantly from baseline until 1984 (the final year of implementation) and then decreased in 1985, significantly in reading and nonsignificantly in mathematics. Comparisons with matched control schools on standardized achievement tests showed greater gains among control students from 1984 to 1985 in both reading and mathematics. An analysis of achievement and engaged rates for limited-English-speaking students showed that these students gained more than English-speaking students. Teachers' ISOI scores were significantly correlated to students' engaged rates in all but reading in 1985. Inconsistencies were found in correlations between teacher behaviors and student reading achievement in all years of the study. Mathematics achievement was significantly correlated with teacher implementation in 1983 and 1984, but, in 1985, achievement was correlated with only 1 component (guided practice) of the ISOI. Evidence is not strong for a link between implementation of the Hunter model and student achievement. Explanations are offered for the decrease in 1985 teacher implementation and student achievement and engaged rates, and implications for staff development are discussed.
Morphological analysis of the cellular interaction between thymocytes and a thymic stromal cell line (TEL‐2)

In a previous study (Nakashima et al., Eur. J. Immunol., 20: 47–53, 1990), a cloned stromal cell line TEL‐2 was established from Balb/c mouse thymus. Incubation of thymocytes with TEL‐2 cells resulted in the selective elimination of CD4 and CD8 double‐positive thymocytes from the culture. In the present report, both phase‐contrast and scanning electron microscopes were used to examine, at various time intervals, TEL‐2 cells cocultivated with thymocytes in order to elucidate the kinetic sequence of their cellular interaction. The thymocytes attached to the TEL‐2 cell surface were more numerous at early times (30 min to 1 h), and their number decreased gradually with time. In contrast, the thymocytes that migrated into the TEL‐2 cell layers were less abundant at early times, their number increasing with time thereafter. Destruction of the regular arrangement of TEL‐2 cells was found at later than 1 h, suggesting active cellular interaction. The thymocytes adherent to the TEL‐2 cell surface were found to be of various shapes and often showed variable profiles, e.g., extending small cytoplasmic processes along the surface of TEL‐2 cells or appearing ameboidal. A remarkable feature of the TEL‐2 cells was that they formed numerous “round spaces” at the surface of the TEL‐2 cell layers. The thymocytes were often located around “round spaces,” and some were seen migrating into TEL‐2 cell layers through these round spaces. In addition, complementary examinations by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the internalization of thymocytes into TEL‐2 cells occurs inside the TEL‐2 cell layers after migration. Thus, the present study confirmed the existence of a certain type of cellular interaction between thymocytes and TEL‐2 cells. The TEL‐2 cell line may provide a model system for the study of the selection mechanism in the process of T‐cell maturation.
Monadic Datalog and Regular Tree Pattern Queries

Containment of monadic datalog programs over trees is decidable. The situation is more complex when tree nodes carry labels from an infinite alphabet that can be tested for equality. It then matters whether the descendant relation is allowed or not: the descendant relation can be eliminated easily from monadic programs only when label equalities are not used. With descendant, even containment of linear monadic programs in unions of conjunctive queries is undecidable, and positive results are known only for bounded-depth trees. We show that without descendant, containment of connected monadic programs is decidable over ranked trees, but over unranked trees it is so only for linear programs. With descendant, it becomes decidable over unranked trees under restriction to downward programs: each rule only moves down from the node in the head. This restriction is motivated by regular tree pattern queries, a recent formalism in the area of ActiveXML, which we show to be equivalent to linear downward programs.