Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Wolf-Rayet Population in 30 Doradus and Its Surroundings

An assessment is made of the Wolf-Rayet (W-R) stars in the central five arcmin diameter of the 30 Dor Nebula. About 15 genuine W-R stars are found, about 75 percent of which are late type WN, luminous (WNL) stars of type WN6 and WN7. The fraction of WC stars tends to increase toward the center of 30 Dor, while WN8-10 and WN2-5 stars show no preference for the 30 Dor core. Assuming coeval star formation and that WC stars are more evolved than WN stars, the young age of the central cluster implies that the WNL stars must have evolved from very massive progenitors and that the WC stars came from even more massive stars. The visual multiple system R140 in the nebula contains at least three W-R stars, one of type WC5 and the others of type WNL. Using the currently claimed smaller distance modulus 18.2 of the LMC, the absolute visual magnitudes of the W-R stars in the 30 Dor central cluster are found to be similar to those of their Galactic counterparts. 48 references.
Numerical simulation of the fluid flow and heat transfer of the supercritical water in the 64-element Canadian SCWR fuel bundle

ABSTRACT Canada has participated in the Generation IV nuclear energy systems focusing on the Supercritical Water-cooled Reactor (SCWR) system. The 64-element fuel rods channel is used in the Canadian SCWR. There are few publicly available experimental studies for the flow in the fuel channels with multiple fuel rods. To date, the CFD simulation reported in open literature for rod bundle flow in the 64-element SCWR is relatively scarce. The cladding surface temperature is of key importance in assessing the safety of the reactor. Since the inhomogeneities in the bundle cross-section can present complex flow phenomena, a CFD study can provide substantial insight into the flow physics. In this work, the full-scale CFD simulation of the supercritical water flow in the 64-element rod bundle was performed. The results suggest the possibility of the presence of gap vortices in the flow subchannels. Higher streamwise velocities and normal Reynolds stresses always exist at the center subchannel regions. The circumferential cladding surface temperature distribution is extremely non-uniform and there is a large difference between the maximum cladding surface temperatures for different fuel rods. Graphical Abstract
Interactions between antifungals and everolimus against Cryptococcus neoformans

Cryptococcus is the causal agent of cryptococcosis, a disease with high mortality mainly related to HIV immunosuppression and usually manifests with pneumonia and/or meningoencephalitis. There are very few therapeutic options; thus, innovative approaches are required. Herein, We examined the interaction of everolimus (EVL) with amphotericin B (AmB) and azoles [fluconazole (FLU), posaconazole (POS), voriconazole (VOR), itraconazole (ITR)] against Cryptococcus. Eighteen Cryptococcus neoforman clinical isolates were analyzed. Following the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-A4, we conducted a broth microdilution experiment to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of azoles, EVL, and AmB for assessing antifungal susceptibility. A fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of less than and equal to 0.5 indicated synergy, with a range of 0.5 to 4.0 indicated indifference and a value more than 4.0 indicated antagonism. These experiments revealed that EVL had antifungal activity against C. neoforman. Moreover, EVL, POS, AmB, FLU, ITR, and VOR exhibited MIC values ranging from 0.5-2 μg/mL, 0.03125-2 μg/mL, 0.25-4 μg/mL, 0.5-32μg/mL, 0.0625-4μg/mL and 0.03125-2μg/mL, respectively. The combination of EVL with AmB and azoles (POS, FLU, ITR, and VOR) exhibited synergistic antifungal effects against 16 (88.9%), 9 (50%), 11 (61.1%), 10 (55.6%) or 6 (33.3%) of analyzed Cryptococcus strains. In the presence of EVL, the MIC values of AmB and azoles were significantly lowered. No antagonism was observed. Subsequently, in vivo analyses conducted using the G. mellonella model further confirmed that combination EVL+ POS, EVL+ FLU, and EVL+ITR treatment were associated with significantly improved larval survival following Cryptococcus spp. infection. These findings provide the first published evidence suggesting that a combination of EVL and AmB or azoles exhibit a synergistic effect and may be an effective antifungal disease treatment strategy for infections caused by Cryptococcus spp.
Impact with a Liquid Surface, Studied by the Aid of Instantaneous Photography

In three papers, published in the ‘Proceedings' of the Society, in 1877 and 1882, I had the honour to communicate to the Society the results of experiments on various classes of impact with a liquid surface which may all be conveniently referred to as “splashes. ” The splashes studied were those produced (i.) by a liquid sphere falling on a horizontal solid plate, (ii.) by a liquid sphere falling into a liquid, (iii.) by a solid sphere falling into a liquid. The phenomena were examined by means of an electric flash of very short duration, which by a suitable mechanism could be so timed as to illuminate the splash at any stage which it was desired to observe, within three or four thousandths of a second. After a sufficient number of repetitions to secure accuracy, a drawing was made of the configuration thus revealed, and when one stage had been sufficiently studied, the observer passed on to a later stage. Since, however, each drawing was made from a separate, though similar splash, it was not possible to obtain accurate information about those details which were at once too minute to be seized in such single, momentary glimpses, and too unstable to be capable of exact reproduction in another splash.
An Experimental Investigation of Multiple Sluicing in Mandarin Chinese

This paper examines multiple sluicing constructions in Mandarin Chinese (henceforth, MC) experimentally. The acceptability status of such constructions in MC is controversial, and the judgments reported in the previous literature vary. Obtaining experimental evidence on the acceptability status is, therefore, important to advance the research on multiple sluicing in MC. Consequently, the present study conducts two sets of experiments to investigate factors affecting the acceptability of multiple sluicing sentences and the influence of the distribution of shi preceding wh-remnants on acceptability ratings. The results show that multiple sluicing in MC is generally a marked construction. Nevertheless, factors including prepositionhood and specificity have ameliorating effects on the acceptability of such constructions. Moreover, the influence of the distribution of shi on the acceptability ratings is related to the nature of wh-remnants; that is, its presence significantly improves the acceptability of cases of multiple sluicing when it precedes bare wh-arguments. We argue that the observed ameliorating effects on multiple sluicing can be explained by a cue-based retrieval approach to cross-linguistic elliptical constructions. Compared to bare wh-arguments, prepositional and discourse-linked wh-phrases provide cues to facilitate the retrieval of information from antecedent clauses.
Development and the Effect of Weather and Mineral Fertilization on Grain Yield and Stability of Winter Wheat following Alfalfa—Analysis of Long-Term Field Trial

Within the framework of a long-term experiment, established in 1955, we evaluated the development and effects of weather and mineral fertilization (Control, NPK1, NPK2, NPK3, NPK4) on the yield and stability of winter wheat following alfalfa. In total, 19 seasons were analysed. The weather changed considerably at the experimental site. Significant increases in minimal, mean, and maximal temperatures were dated to the period 1987–1988, while precipitation remained the same to this day (insignificantly increasing trend by 0.5 mm per annum). Rising temperatures in November, May, and July positively affected wheat grain yield, especially in treatments with higher N doses. No relationship between yield and precipitation was recorded. Highest inter-annual yield variability was recorded in Control and NPK4 treatments. Although minerally fertilized treatments provided slightly higher yields, the difference between Control and NPK treatments was insignificant. According to the linear-plateau response model, the recommended dose of 44 kg ha−1 N corresponds with yield of 7.4 t ha−1, while Control provides an average yield of 6.8 t ha−1. The application of higher doses did not lead to significant grain yield increase. Alfalfa as a preceding crop reduces the need of N fertilization and contributes to sustainable conventional agriculture, however, its share in crop rotations is decreasing both in the Czech Republic and in Europe.
Strategic Change in a Pluralistic Context: Change leader sensegiving

Research points to the challenge of delivering strategic change in pluralistic contexts. We explore this challenge through a real-time, qualitative case study of the implementation of strategic change in a post-1992 United Kingdom university. Our findings enable us to account for how a change leader can create sensegiving and sensemaking opportunities that influence others to engage in activities that facilitate change implementation through an orchestrated meetings-based process and which also leads to change action consistent with intended goals. In doing so we contribute to research on strategic change in pluralistic organizations, research on strategy meetings and research on change leader sensegiving.
Single and Multi-Objective Optimization of a Cogeneration System Using Hybrid Algorithms

Current design and operation of energy systems must consider the efficient utilization of energy resources, reduced environmental harms, and sustainable development. Many techniques for energy systems analysis and optimization have thus been developed worldwide. To evaluate different methodologies, the benchmark CGAM problem was proposed, which consisted of the optimization of a cogeneration system with explicit physical, thermodynamic, and economic models. The original CGAM problem was formulated as a single objective optimization problem, where the objective function was the sum of the purchased equipment, maintenance and operation, and fuel consumption costs. However, in real-life applications, costs must be analyzed individually: for example, one might increase equipment costs but save in fuel consumption for the entire system life. In this paper, single- and multi-objective hybrid optimizations of the CGAM system are performed. A hybrid optimization algorithm combines the strengths of deterministic and heuristic methods. Usually, it employs a heuristic method to locate a region where the global extreme point lies, and then switches to a deterministic method to get to the exact point faster. The objective functions are the fuel consumption cost rate and the total capital investment. Thus, a Pareto front is obtained for all non-dominated solutions, from which the final decision can be made considering appropriate scenarios.
Extremely metal-deficient red giants. I. A new objective-prism, photometric, and radial-velocity survey

A list is given of all known field red giants and subgiants with M/sub . nu. / < +2 and (Fe/H) < or = -1.5. Most of these 132 stars are new discoveries on objective-prism plates obtained by the writer, but additional objects came from the Michigan objective-prism survey and from other sources in the literature. Stroemgren . mu nu.by photometry was obtained for nearly all of the stars, and estimates of CH strength were made on the objective-prism spectra.
Input-Output Linearization of General Nonlinear Systems

For linear analytic systems, input-output linearization problem was already solved by Isidori, et al2) in terms of the nonlinear structure algorithm3). In this paper, we study the input-output linearization problem for general nonlinear system x=f(x,u),y=h(x). Firstly, we give a simple necessary and sufficient condition under which the inputoutput behavior is linear. The condition is trivial if the system is linear analytic system2). Secondly, the nonlinear structure algorithm is extended for general nonlinear systems. The extended algorithm yields necessary and sufficient conditions to be satisfied by plant for the input-output linearization via state feedback, whose proof provides a state feedback law.
Critical closing pressure as a new hemodynamic marker of cerebral small vessel diseases burden

Purpose To investigate cerebrovascular hemodynamics, including critical closing pressure (CrCP) and pulsatility index (PI), and their independent relationship with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) burden in patients with small-vessel occlusion (SVO). Methods We recruited consecutive patients with SVO of acute cerebral infarction who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), transcranial Doppler (TCD) and CrCP during admission. Cerebrovascular hemodynamics were assessed using TCD. We used the CSVD score to rate the total MRI burden of CSVD. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine parameters related to CSVD burden or CrCP. Results Ninety-seven of 120 patients (mean age, 64.51 ± 9.99 years; 76% male) completed the full evaluations in this study. We observed that CrCP was an independent determinant of CSVD burden in four models [odds ratio, 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.17–1.71; P < 0.001] and correlated with CSVD burden [β (95% CI): 0.05 (0.04–0.06); P < 0.001]. In ROC analysis, CrCP was considered as a predictor of CSVD burden, and AUC was 86.2% (95% CI, 78.6–93.9%; P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that CrCP was significantly correlated with age [β (95% CI): 0.27 (0.06 to 0.47); P = 0.012], BMI [β (95% CI): 0.61 (0.00–1.22)] and systolic BP [β (95% CI): 0.16 (0.09–0.23); P < 0.001]. Conclusions CrCP representing cerebrovascular tension is an independent determinant and predictor of CSVD burden. It was significantly correlated with age, BMI and systolic blood pressure. These results provide new insights in the mechanism of CSVD development.
Blind source separation method for multi-source ultra-high frequency partial discharge signals

Ultra-high frequency (UHF) partial discharge (PD) monitoring is an important technique to detect and evaluate the internal insulation state of high-voltage equipment. In practice, multiple insulation defects may exist. As a result, the measured UHF PD signals are probably the mixture from multiple PD sources, making the current single-source-based fault diagnosis methods inapplicable. In this paper, a blind source separation algorithm based on sparse component analysis (SCA) is proposed for the separation of overlapped UHF PD signals. First, the raw signals are mapped to a two-dimensional time-frequency (TF) spectrum by using the short-time Fourier transform (STFT). Second, the peak detection technology and fuzzy clustering technology are adopted to estimate the number of PD sources and the mixing matrix. Finally, the l1-norm decomposition algorithm is applied to reconstruct the TF representations of the source signals, and the recovered source signals in time-domain are obtained by the inverse STFT (ISTFT). Numerical and experimental studies are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Image Reconstruction with Total Variation Regularization

This work focuses on the reconstruction of two and three dimensional images of the concentration of paramagnetic species from electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements. A direct operator, modeling how the measurements are related to the paramagnetic sample to be imaged, is derived in the continuous framework taking into account the physical phenomena at work during the acquisition process. Then, this direct operator is discretized to closely take into account the discrete nature of the measurements and provide an explicit link between them and the discrete image to be reconstructed. A variational inverse problem with total variation regularization is formulated and an efficient resolvant scheme is implemented. The setting of the reconstruction parameters is thoroughly studied and facilitated thanks to the introduction of appropriate normalization factors. Moreover, an a contrario algorithm is proposed to derive the optimal resolution at which the data should be acquired. Finally, an in-depth experimental study over real EPR datasets is done to illustrate the potential and limitations of the presented image reconstruction model.
The Unusual Architecture of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp)’s Catalytic Chamber Provides a Potential Strategy for Combination Therapy against COVID-19

The unusual and interesting architecture of the catalytic chamber of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) was recently explored using Cryogenic Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM), which revealed the presence of two distinctive binding cavities within the catalytic chamber. In this report, first, we mapped out and fully characterized the variations between the two binding sites, BS1 and BS2, for significant differences in their amino acid architecture, size, volume, and hydrophobicity. This was followed by investigating the preferential binding of eight antiviral agents to each of the two binding sites, BS1 and BS2, to understand the fundamental factors that govern the preferential binding of each drug to each binding site. Results showed that, in general, hydrophobic drugs, such as remdesivir and sofosbuvir, bind better to both binding sites than relatively less hydrophobic drugs, such as alovudine, molnupiravir, zidovudine, favilavir, and ribavirin. However, suramin, which is a highly hydrophobic drug, unexpectedly showed overall weaker binding affinities in both binding sites when compared to other drugs. This unexpected observation may be attributed to its high binding solvation energy, which disfavors overall binding of suramin in both binding sites. On the other hand, hydrophobic drugs displayed higher binding affinities towards BS1 due to its higher hydrophobic architecture when compared to BS2, while less hydrophobic drugs did not show a significant difference in binding affinities in both binding sites. Analysis of binding energy contributions revealed that the most favorable components are the ΔEele, ΔEvdw, and ΔGgas, whereas ΔGsol was unfavorable. The ΔEele and ΔGgas for hydrophobic drugs were enough to balance the unfavorable ΔGsol, leaving the ΔEvdw to be the most determining factor of the total binding energy. The information presented in this report will provide guidelines for tailoring SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors with enhanced binding profiles.
Generating the optical vortex array based on a coherent phased array

Coherent Beam Combining (CBC) can scale the overall output power while maintaining high beam quality. In recent years, this technique has also been employed to generate the high-power Optical Vortex Beam (OVB). In this work, we designed a coherent phased array, and an Optical Vortex Beam Array (OVBA) was generated via the CBC technique. Numerical simulation was studied, and an experimental setup was set up. The results showed that the OVBA could be generated in the far field. Meanwhile, the phase detection results indicated that the OVBA included several phase singularities. This work can present a new idea for manipulating the high power structured optical fields.
The Boundary Contour Method For Two-dimensional Linear Elasticity With Quadratic Boundary Elements

This paper presents some new developments of the Boundary Contour Method (BCM) for two-dimensional linear elasticity : (a) explicit use of the rigid body motion (RBM) solution to regularize the BCM and avoid computation of the corner tensor, (b) quadratic boundary elements compared to linear elements in previous work and (c) evaluation of stresses both inside and on the boundary of a body. This method allows boundary stress computations at regular points (i.e. at points where the boundary is locally smooth) inside boundary elements without the need of any special algorithms for the numerical evaluation of hypersingular integrals. The numerical results are uniformly accurate for illustrative examples.
Influence of Mindfulness on Levels of Impulsiveness, Moods and Pre-Competition Anxiety in Athletes of Different Sports

Training in emotional regulation skills is one of the most important resources for the adaptation of athletes to contexts of sports pressure, especially during competitions. This study explored the effects of a mindfulness programme (Flow Meditation) on levels of impulsivity, mood and pre-competition anxiety-state in a sample of athletes (N = 41, 22.83 ± 5.62 years). Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group (N = 21; 14 males and 7 females) which received the intervention over 10 weeks (a weekly session) and a control group (wait-list; N = 20; 13 males and 7 females). The variables under study were assessed through different questionnaires at pre- and post-test (T1–T2) in both groups. The mindfulness intervention was effective in reducing impulsivity (cognitive (t = −4.48, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.40), both motor (t = −4.03, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.20) and unplanned (t = −5.32, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.66)), mood (tension (t = −4.40, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.37), depression (t = −4.56, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.42), anger (t = −7.80, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen’s d = 2.47), somatic anxiety (t = −5.28, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.65), and cognitive anxiety (t = −6.62, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen’s d = 2.07) in the intervention group compared to the control group and with large to very large effect sizes. Mindfulness is a factor that enhances athletes’ ability to cope with high sport pressure and the healthy management of competition (e.g., fear of failure), or with their daily life.
The Suicidal Ideation of Disaster Victims: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose Various natural and human made disasters occur worldwide. This study aimed to identify the factors affecting suicidal ideation in victims of disasters such as typhoons, heavy rainfall, fires, and earthquakes. Methods Data were obtained from a long-term survey on life changes among disaster victims conducted in 2019 by the National Disaster Management Research Institute. The study included 2234 victims of natural and social disasters occurring in Korea between 2012 and 2018. Suicidal ideation was assessed using the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview developed by the World Health Organization. The participants’ demographic characteristics, disaster-related characteristics, physical characteristics, psychological characteristics, and social characteristics were analyzed as the influencing factors. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test, t-test, and logistic regression. Results Of the 2234 subjects in this study, 32 were disaster victims who had experienced suicidal ideation, accounting for 1.4%. The results showed that the factors affecting suicidal ideation included disaster-related injury/disease, depression, and social support. The odds ratio of suicidal ideation was higher when there was injury/disease (OR=1.89, 95% CI=0.07–0.48), with higher depression levels (OR=1.31, 95% CI=1.18–1.47) and with lower social support (OR=0.94, 95% CI=0.90–0.99). Conclusion This study identifies the significant influencing factors of suicidal ideation in disaster victims, which were as follows: disaster-related injury or disease, depression, and social support. Our study’s findings would contribute to screening high-risk groups of suicidal ideation and developing effective support, interventions, and suicide prevention programs for disaster victims. Furthermore, to prevent suicide and promote the healthy recovery of disaster victims, mental health care services aimed at suicide prevention should be reinforced and the victims should be provided with psychological support and treatment without financial burden.