Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PM/InfiniBand-FJ: a high performance communication facility using InfiniBand for large scale PC clusters

This work describes a design of high performance communication facility called the PM/InfiniBand-FJ using InfiniBand interconnect for large scale PC clusters. The PM/InfiniBand-FJ has developed to realize higher application performance than commercial supercomputers and comparable availability to them. Since the specification of InfiniBand interconnect is designed for communication among servers and I/Os, there are some issues to use InfiniBand for high performance computation on over 1000 node PC clusters. Therefore, the PM/InfiniBand-FJ solves the issues by expanding the original specification of InfiniBand. We have implemented the PM/InfiniBand-FJ on SCore cluster system software, and evaluated the communication and application performance. The performance results show that a 913.2 MB/s of bandwidth and 15.6 /spl mu/s round trip time have been achieved on Xeon 2.8GHz PC with ServerWorks GC LE chipset. The result of NAS parallel benchmark shows that the 128 node result of IS Class B on PM/InfiniBand-FJ is 1.52 times faster than that of PM/MyrinetXP using Fujitsu PR1MERGY RX200 PC cluster (Xeon 3.06GHz).
Allogeneic Lymphocyte Transfer in MHC-Identical Siblings and MHC-Identical Unrelated Mauritian Cynomolgus Macaques

The detailed study of immune effector mechanisms in primate models of infectious disease has been limited by the inability to adoptively transfer lymphocytes from vaccinated animals into naïve immunocompetent recipients. Recent advances in our understanding of the Major Histocompatibility Complex diversity of Mauritian cynomolgus macaques enabled the establishment of a breeding program to generate Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)-identical animals. The current study utilised this resource to achieve an improved model of adoptive transfer of lymphocytes in macaques. The effect of route of transfusion on persistence kinetics of adoptively transferred lymphocytes was evaluated in an autologous transfer system. Results indicated that peripheral persistence kinetics were comparable following infusion by different routes, and that cells were detectable at equivalent levels in lymphoid tissues six weeks post-infusion. In a pilot-scale experiment, the persistence of adoptively transferred lymphocytes was compared in MHC-identical siblings and MHC-identical unrelated recipients. Lymphocytes transferred intra-peritoneally were detectable in the periphery within one hour of transfer and circulated at detectable levels in the periphery and lymph nodes for 10 days. Donor lymphocytes were detectable at higher levels in MHC-identical siblings compared with unrelated animals, however the total time of persistence did not differ. These results demonstrate a further refinement of the lymphocyte adoptive transfer system in Mauritian cynomolgus macaques and provide a foundation for hitherto impractical experiments to investigate mechanisms of cellular immunity in primate models of infectious disease.
Chip-level detection in optical code division multiple access

A new detector for optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communication systems is proposed. This detector is called the chip-level receiver. Both ON-OFF keying (OOK) and pulse-position modulation (PPM) schemes, that utilize this receiver, are investigated in this paper. For OOK, an exact bit error rate is evaluated taking into account the effect of both multiple-user interference and receiver shot noise. An upper bound on the bit error probability for pulse-position modulation (PPM)-CDMA system is derived under the above considerations. The effect of both dark current and thermal noises is neglected in our analysis. Performance comparisons between chip-level, correlation, and optimum receivers are also presented. Both correlation receivers with and without an optical hardlimiter are considered. Our results demonstrate that significant improvement in the performance is gained when using the chip-level receiver in place of the correlation one. Moreover the performance of the chip-level receiver is asymptotically close to the optimum one. Nevertheless, the complexity of this receiver is independent of the number of users, and therefore, much more practical than the optimum receiver.
Criteria for Robust Stability In A Class Of Lateral Inhibition Networks Coupled Through Resistive Grids

In the analog VLSI implementation of neural systems, it is sometimes convenient to build lateral inhibition networks by using a locally connected on-chip resistive grid to interconnect active elements. A serious problem of unwanted spontaneous oscillation often arises with these circuits and renders them unusable in practice. This paper reports on criteria that guarantee these and certain other systems will be stable, even though the values of designed elements in the resistive grid may be imprecise and the location and values of parasitic elements may be unknown. The method is based on a rigorous, somewhat novel mathematical analysis using Tellegen's theorem (Penfield et al. 1970) from electrical circuits and the idea of a Popov multiplier (Vidyasagar 1978; Desoer and Vidya sagar 1975) from control theory. The criteria are local in that no overall analysis of the interconnected system is required for their use, empirical in that they involve only measurable frequency response data on the individual cells, and robust in that they are insensitive to network topology and to unmodelled parasitic resistances and capacitances in the interconnect network. Certain results are robust in the additional sense that specified nonlinear elements in the grid do not affect the stability criteria. The results are designed to be applicable, with further development, to complex and incompletely modeled living neural systems.
Peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischaemia: still poor outcomes and lack of guideline adherence.

AIMS Only few and historic studies reported a bad prognosis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and critical limb ischaemia (CLI). The contemporary state of treatment and outcomes should be assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS From the largest public health insurance in Germany, all in- and outpatient diagnosis and procedural data were retrospectively obtained from a cohort of 41 882 patients hospitalized due to PAD during 2009-2011, including a follow-up until 2013. Patients were classified in Rutherford categories 1-3 (n = 21 197), 4 (n = 5353), 5 (n = 6916), and 6 (n = 8416). The proportions of patients with classical risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and smoking declined with higher Rutherford categories (each P < 0.001) while diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and chronic heart failure increased (each P < 0.001). Angiographies and revascularizations were performed less often in advanced PAD (each P < 0.001). In-hospital amputations increased continuously from 0.5% in Rutherford 1-3 to 42% in Rutherford 6, as also myocardial infarctions, strokes, and deaths (each P < 0.001). Among 4298 amputated patients with CLI, 37% had not received any angiography or revascularization neither during index hospitalization nor the 24 months before. During follow-up (mean 1144 days), 7825 patients were amputated and 10 880 died. Kaplan-Meier models projected 4-year mortality risks of 18.9, 37.7, 52.2, and 63.5% in Rutherford 1-3, 4, 5, and 6, and for amputation of 4.6, 12.1, 35.3, and 67.3%, respectively. In multivariable Cox regression models, PAD categories were significant predictors of death, amputation, myocardial infarction, and stroke (each P < 0.001). Length of in-hospital stay (5.8 ± 6.7 days, 10.7 ± 11.1days, 15.2 ± 13.8 days and 22.1 ± 20.3 days; P < 0.001) and mean case costs (3662 ± 3186 €, 5316 ± 6139 €, 6021 ± 4892 €, and 8461 ± 8515 €; P < 0.001) increased continuously in Rutherford 1-3, 4, 5, and 6. While only 49% of the patients suffered from CLI, these produced 65% of in-hospital costs (141 million €), and 56% during follow-up (336 million €). CONCLUSION Regardless of recent advances in PAD treatment, current outcomes remain poor especially in CLI. Despite overwhelming evidence for reduction of limb loss by revascularization, CLI patients still received significantly less angiographies and revascularizations.
Loss-of-Function Analysis of EphA Receptors in Retinotectal Mapping

EphA tyrosine kinases are thought to act as topographically specific receptors in the well-characterized projection map from the retina to the tectum. Here, we describe a loss-of-function analysis of EphA receptors in retinotectal mapping. Expressing patches of a cytoplasmically truncated EphA3 receptor in chick retina caused temporal axons to have reduced responsiveness to posterior tectal repellent activity in vitro and to shift more posteriorly within the map in vivo. A gene disruption of mouse EphA5, replacing the intracellular domain with β-galactosidase, reduced in vitro responsiveness of temporal axons to posterior target membranes. It also caused map abnormalities in vivo, with temporal axons shifted posteriorly and nasal axons anteriorly, but with the entire target still filled by retinal axons. The anterior shift of nasal axons was not accompanied by increased responsiveness to tectal repellent activity, in contrast to the comparable anterior shift in ephrin-A knock-outs, helping to resolve a previous ambiguity in interpreting the ephrin gene knock-outs. The results show the functional requirement for endogenous EphA receptors in retinotectal mapping, show that the receptor intracellular domain is required for a forward signaling response to topographic cues, and provide new evidence for a role of axon competition in topographic mapping.
A performance model for early word learning

The emergence of language around a child’s first birthday is one of the greatest transformations in human development. Does this transition require a fundamental shift in the child’s knowledge or beliefs, or could it instead be attributable to more gradual changes in processing abilities? We present a simple model of cognitive performance that supports the second conclusion. The premise of this model is that any cognitive operation requires multiple steps, each of which require some time to complete and have some probability of failure. We use meta-analysis to estimate these parameters for two components of simple ostensive word learning: social cue use and word recognition. When combined in our model, these estimates suggest that learning should be very difficult for children younger than around a year, especially with gaze alone. This model takes a first step towards quantifying performance limitations for cognitive development and may be broadly applicable to other developmental changes.
A Stochastic Maximin Fixed-Point Equation Related to Game Tree Evaluation

After suitable normalization the asymptotic root value W of a minimax game tree of order b ≥ 2 with independent and identically distributed input values having a continuous, strictly increasing distribution function on a subinterval of R appears to be a particular solution of the stochastic maximin fixed-point equation W ξ max1≤i≤b min1≤j≤b W i,j , where W i,j are independent copies of W and denotes equality in law. Moreover, ξ= g'(α) > 1, where g(x) := (1 − (1 − x) b ) b and α denotes the unique fixed point of g in (0, 1). This equation, which takes the form F(t) = g(F(t/ξ)) in terms of the distribution function F of W, is studied in the present paper for a reasonably extended class of functions g so as to encompass more general stochastic maximin equations as well. A complete description of the set of solutions F is provided followed by a discussion of additional properties such as continuity, differentiability, or existence of moments. Based on these results, it is further shown that the particular solution mentioned above stands out among all other ones in that its distribution function is the restriction of an entire function to the real line. This extends recent work of Ali Khan, Devroye and Neininger (2005). A connection with another class of stochastic fixed-point equations for weighted minima and maxima is also discussed.
Piecewise Variable Parameter Loss Model of Laminated Steel and Its Application in Fine Analysis of Iron Loss of Inverter-Fed Induction Motors

Due to the coaction of supply harmonics and the harmonics resulting from the motor structures, the mechanism and distribution characteristics of iron losses become more complicated in inverter-fed induction motors. Therefore, accurate prediction and fine analysis of iron loss are very important at the design stage of high-efficiency inverter-fed induction motors. In order to predict the iron losses accurately, this paper proposes a piecewise iron loss model whose parameters vary with the magnitude and frequency of flux density, and two additional flux density terms are introduced to the classical iron loss model considering the nonlinearity of magnetic material and harmonic fields. With this model, the iron losses are calculated for an inverter-fed 5.5 kW induction motor. The results reveal the distribution characteristics of hysteresis and eddy current losses in stator and rotor cores, and the characteristics of additional iron loss caused by harmonic fields. By the comparison of predicted and measured no-load iron loss under different supply voltages and switching frequencies, the proposed model and the analysis results are validated.
Parallel Markov Clustering for PPI networks using MPI 1 Parallel Markov Clustering for Large-scale Protein-Protein Interaction Networks using MPI

Empirical study of networks has enlightened our understanding of many application domains including the topology of biological systems. The Markov clustering algorithm (MCL), originally developed for clustering graphs, has been adopted to clustering protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. MCL is also becoming an effective algorithm for the extraction of complexes from interaction networks. However, increasingly large amounts of data and massive networks will lead to a sparse and very complex network structure. It is impossible to perform computations on networks with millions of nodes without specialized computer facilities. Here we introduce parallel implementation approaches to improve the performance of MCL, and to allow the analysis of very large PPI-network datasets.
DIT2: Devising and testing a revised instrument of moral judgment.

The Denning Issues Test, Version 2 (DIT2), updates dilemmas and items, shortens the original Defining Issues Test (DIT1) of moral judgment, and purges fewer participants for doubtful response reliability. DIT1 has been used for over 25 years. DIT2 makes 3 changes: in dilemmas and items, in the algorithm of indexing, and in the method of detecting unreliable participants. With all 3 changes, DIT2 is an improvement over DIT1. The validity criteria for DIT2 are (a) significant age and educational differences among 9th graders, high school graduates, college seniors, and students in graduate and professional schools; (b) prediction of views on public policy issues (e.g., abortion, religion in schools, rights of homosexuals, women's roles); (c) internal reliability; and (d) correlation with DIT1. However, the increased power of DIT2 over DIT1 is primarily due to the new methods of analysis (a new index called N2, new checks) rather than to changes in dilemmas, items, or instructions. Although DIT2 presents updated dilemmas and smoother wording in a shorter test (practical improvements), the improvements in analyses account for the validity improvements.
What Affects Fiscal Consolidation? – Some Evidence from OECD Countries

Stephanie Guichard, Michael Kennedy, Eckhard Wurzel and Christophe Andre examine the circumstances most commonly related to successful fiscal consolidation. Data are drawn from a dataset covering twenty-four OECD countries since 1978. Based on improvement in the cyclically-adjusted primary balances (CAPB), they detect eighty-five consolidation episodes. First the paper presents descriptive evidence that initial conditions play a major role. In particular, the more negative the CAPB, the larger the ensuing consolidation. In the vast majority of cases, consolidations did not last long and involved only modest gains, and revenue increases accounted for a large fraction of the average improvement. In the second part of the paper, the authors deploy regression analysis to identify a number of macroeconomic conditions that were effective in triggering and sustaining consolidations. The initial budget balance is statistically significant in explaining the starting point, the size and the duration of the adjustment process, while the magnitude and the probability of success of the consolidation programme are affected by cuts in some expenditure items.
The majority of transformed lymphomas have high standardized uptake values (SUVs) on positron emission tomography (PET) scanning similar to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

BACKGROUND We previously correlated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) histology with (18)fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) intensity: a standardized uptake value (SUV)>10 predicted aggressive lymphoma with >80% certainty and an SUV >13, with >90% certainty. PATIENTS AND METHODS To evaluate SUV in transformed lymphoma, we identified all FDG-PET scans for NHL at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer 1999-2007 with (i) biopsy-proven transformation, (ii) no therapy 60 days before PET scan and (iii) FDG-PET scans no more than 60 days before or 90 days after transformation. RESULTS In 5 of 40 patients, the biopsy site was excised before PET; in two, only marrow was biopsied. In the remaining 33 patients, the SUV of the biopsy site ranged from 3 to 38, mean 14, median 12. Eighteen of 33 biopsies (55%) had an SUV>10 and 16 (48%)>13. The highest SUV in a transformed lymphoma PET scan (SUV(study-max)) ranged from 3.2 to 40, mean 15, median 12. Twenty-five of 40 patients (63%) presented with an SUV(study-max)>10 and 20 (50%)>13. CONCLUSIONS Like de novo aggressive lymphomas, the majority of transformations have a high SUV(study-max) for a given pretreatment staging study, although many do not have very high values. Transformation should be suspected in indolent lymphoma with high SUVs on FDG-PET. Biopsies should be directed to the site of greatest FDG avidity.
D-Brane Probes and Mirror Symmetry

We study the effect of mirror symmetry for K3 surfaces on D-brane probe physics. The case of elliptically fibered K3 surfaces is considered in detail. In many cases, mirror can transform a singular fiber of Kodaira's type ADE into sets of singular fibers of type I_1 (II) with equal total Euler number, but vanishing contribution to the Picard number of the mirror surface. This provides a geometric model of quantum splitting phenomena. Mirror for three dimensional gauge theories, interchanging Fayet-Iliopoulos and mass terms, is also briefly discussed.
Formal Management and Enforcement of Obligation Policies

Obligations are generally actions that users are required to take and are essential for the expression of a large number of requirements. For instance, obligation actions may represent prerequisites to gain some privilege (pre obligations), to satisfy some ongoing or post requirement for resource usage (ongoing and post obligations), or to adhere to some privacy or availability policy. Obligations may also define states of affairs which should be maintained. An example of such obligations is the obligation " doctors should remain alert while in the operating room ". In this paper, we introduce a formal framework for the management and enforcement of obligation policies. The framework is formalized using concepts from action specification languages and the Event Condition Action paradigm of active databases. Therefore, our framework allows reasoning about change in the state of obligations and, at the same time, provides declarative formal semantics for their enforcement. In this framework, we support many types of obligations and show how to manage obligation activation, fulfillment and violation.
Algorithm for XML Schema Extraction Based on Node Relative Path

Schema extracting for XML is broadly used in the field of data storing, query optimization and heterogeneous data integration. This paper presents a method based on noderelative path for extracting XML Schema. The new approachfinishes extracting schema by scanning XML document onceoverand extracting nodes and relative paths. It can overcomethe defects including circles and Lack of sides. This approach requires lower cost and has more efficiency for the final schema information.
Multiple Sclerosis and Obesity: Possible Roles of Adipokines

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder of the Central Nervous System that has been associated with several environmental factors, such as diet and obesity. The possible link between MS and obesity has become more interesting in recent years since the discovery of the remarkable properties of adipose tissue. Once MS is initiated, obesity can contribute to increased disease severity by negatively influencing disease progress and treatment response, but, also, obesity in early life is highly relevant as a susceptibility factor and causally related risk for late MS development. The aim of this review was to discuss recent evidence about the link between obesity, as a chronic inflammatory state, and the pathogenesis of MS as a chronic autoimmune and inflammatory disease. First, we describe the main cells involved in MS pathogenesis, both from neural tissue and from the immune system, and including a new participant, the adipocyte, focusing on their roles in MS. Second, we concentrate on the role of several adipokines that are able to participate in the mediation of the immune response in MS and on the possible cross talk between the latter. Finally, we explore recent therapy that involves the transplantation of adipocyte precursor cells for the treatment of MS.
Rapidly Incorporating Real Objects for Evaluation of Engineering Designs in a Mixed Reality Environment

We explore using a Mixed Environment (ME) system to rapidly incorporate and visualize real objects into virtual environments (VEs). In this paper we discusses some preliminary results of a system to enable users to manipulate scanned, articulated virtual representations of real objects, such as tools, parts, and physical correlates to complex computer-aided design (CAD) models. Engineers and designers are capable of effectively conducting assembly design verification, as the ME can simulate these tasks at a high degree of fidelity. We have partnered with NASA Langley Research Center, and aim to use MEs to aid in creating assembly documents for upcoming payloads from CAD model designs.
Automatic instruction-level recovery by duplicated instructions and checkpointing

This paper proposes a software-based technique to achieve error detection and recovery at the instruction-level. The proposed technique is based on incorporation of instructions duplication and checkpointing. Similar to the previous study, all instructions are duplicated and appropriate “check” instructions are inserted to achieve error detection. After the error detection, checkpointing is used to regain the program correct state. Two optimization schemes: checksum and live variable analysis, are introduced to reduce the performance overhead. Experimental results show that most data errors can be recovered with a relative low performance overhead.