Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction of inhibition and triplets of excitatory spikes modulates the NMDA‐R‐mediated synaptic plasticity in a computational model of spike timing‐dependent plasticity

Spike timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP) experiments have shown that a synapse is strengthened when a presynaptic spike precedes a postsynaptic one and depressed vice versa. The canonical form of STDP has been shown to have an asymmetric shape with the peak long‐term potentiation at +6 ms and the peak long‐term depression at −5 ms. Experiments in hippocampal cultures with more complex stimuli such as triplets (one presynaptic spike combined with two postsynaptic spikes or one postsynaptic spike with two presynaptic spikes) have shown that pre–post–pre spike triplets result in no change in synaptic strength, whereas post–pre–post spike triplets lead to significant potentiation. The sign and magnitude of STDP have also been experimentally hypothesized to be modulated by inhibition. Recently, a computational study showed that the asymmetrical form of STDP in the CA1 pyramidal cell dendrite when two spikes interact switches to a symmetrical one in the presence of inhibition under certain conditions. In the present study, I investigate computationally how inhibition modulates STDP in the CA1 pyramidal neuron dendrite when it is driven by triplets. The model uses calcium as the postsynaptic signaling agent for STDP and is shown to be consistent with the experimental triplet observations in the absence of inhibition: simulated pre–post–pre spike triplets result in no change in synaptic strength, whereas simulated post–pre–post spike triplets lead to significant potentiation. When inhibition is bounded by the onset and offset of the triplet stimulation, then the strength of the synapse is decreased as the strength of inhibition increases. When inhibition arrives either few milliseconds before or at the onset of the last spike in the pre–post–pre triplet stimulation, then the synapse is potentiated. Variability in the frequency of inhibition (50 vs. 100 Hz) produces no change in synaptic strength. Finally, a 5% variation in model's calcium parameters (calcium thresholds) proves that the model's performance is robust. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding lived experiences through multiple perspectives: Caregiving as an exemplar

ABSTRACT Experiences are multidimensional, impactful, and often rooted in occupations, where meaning is felt, and people engage with others and learn about themselves and the world. Experiences are complex phenomena influenced by a multitude of factors, and they have a strong connection to health and well-being. Studies of lived experiences have been central to the development of occupational science. Capturing the essence of experiences can be challenging, but integrating data from multiple perspectives in research designs is a valuable strategy to address challenges to understanding experiences, including their interpersonal, interdependent, and intersubjective natures. This is especially critical for understanding circumstances in which two or more people share experiences or coordinate action together, such as in cases of caregiving. In this paper, we outline the strength and utility of methodological approaches that integrate multiple perspectives in order to understand experiences as they are situated beyond the individual. We draw on original data from a narrative and phenomenological study of lived experiences among adolescents and young adults with spinal cord injuries and their caregivers as an exemplar for discussion. Relative contributions to occupational science and limitations of a multi-perspective approach are considered.
FR Cnc revisited: photometry, polarimetry and spectroscopy★

This paper is part of a multiwavelength study aimed at using complementary photometric, polarimetric and spectroscopic data to achieve an understanding of the activity process in late-type stars. Here, we present the study of FR Cnc, a young, active and spotted star. We performed analysis of All Sky Automated Survey 3 (ASAS-3) data for the years 2002–08 and amended the value of the rotational period to be 0.826518 d. The amplitude of photometric variations decreased abruptly in the year 2005, while the mean brightness remained the same, which was interpreted as a quick redistribution of spots. BVR_C and I_C broad-band photometric calibration was performed for 166 stars in FR Cnc vicinity. The photometry at Terskol Observatory shows two brightening episodes, one of which occurred at the same phase as the flare of 2006 November 23. Polarimetric BVR observations indicate the probable presence of a supplementary source of polarization. We monitored FR Cnc spectroscopically during the years 2004–08. We concluded that the radial velocity changes cannot be explained by the binary nature of FR Cnc. We determined the spectral type of FR Cnc as K7V. Calculated galactic space-velocity components (U, V, W) indicate that FR Cnc belongs to the young disc population and might also belong to the IC 2391 moving group. Based on Li Iλ6707. 8 measurement, we estimated the age of FR Cnc to be between 10 and 120 Myr. Doppler tomography was applied to create a starspot image of FR Cnc. We optimized the goodness of fit to the deconvolved profiles for axial inclination, equivalent width and v sin i, finding v sin i=46.2 km s^−1 and i= 55°. We also generated a syntheticV-band light curve based on Doppler imaging that makes simultaneous use of spectroscopic and photometric data. This synthetic light curve displays the same morphology and amplitude as the observed one. The starspot distribution of FR Cnc is also of interest since it is one of the latest spectral types to have been imaged. No polar spot was detected on FR Cnc.
Point-set algorithms for pattern discovery and pattern matching in music

An algorithm that discovers the themes, motives and other perceptually significant repeated patterns in a musical work can be used, for example, in a music information retrieval system for indexing a col- lection of music documents so that it can be searched more rapidly. It can also be used in software tools for music analysis and composition and in a music transcription system or model of music cognition for discov- ering grouping structure, metrical structure and voice-leading structure. In most approaches to pattern discovery in music, the data is assumed to be in the form of strings. However, string-based methods become ine- cient when one is interested in finding highly embellished occurrences of a query pattern or searching for polyphonic patterns in polyphonic mu- sic. These limitations can be avoided by representing the music as a set of points in a multidimensional Euclidean space. This point-set pattern matching approach allows the maximal repeated patterns in a passage of polyphonic music to be discovered in quadratic time and all occurrences of these patterns to be found in cubic time. More recently, Cliord et al. (1) have shown that the best match for a query point set within a text point set of size n can be found in O(nlogn) time by incorporat- ing randomised projection, uniform hashing and FFT into the point-set pattern matching approach. Also, by using appropriate heuristics for se- lecting compact maximal repeated patterns with many non-overlapping occurrences, the point-set pattern discovery algorithms described here can be adapted for data compression. Moreover, the ecient encodings generated when this compression algorithm is run on music data seem to resemble the motivic-thematic analyses produced by human experts.
Multi-phase Offline Signature Verification System Using Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks

We present an offline signature verification system with new architecture, using Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGANs) to learn features unsupervised instead of using hand-crafted features. The advantage of this architecture is that system has a robust generalization ability. Besides, aiming at the conflict between convenience and accuracy, a hybrid Writer-Independent-Writer-Dependent classifier is used, which is an approach compromise two different kind of classifier. We test our method in GPDSsyntheticSignature database, which is an updated version of GPDS-960. In order to make it's convenient to compare with other works, we also use GPDS-960 to test our method. Our experimental results show that, the accuracy of proposed method is satisfactory. Due to this kind of architecture, the more query samples are tested and enrolled into the system, the more accurate our system will be conceptually.
Psychoeducation Program on Strategies for Coping with Stress in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction

Lack of educational projects in the available literature was an inspiration to develop a psychoeducational program. The objective was to provide patients with basic information on the contribution of stressors in the occurrence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction and educate on methods for coping with stress most commonly used in psychology. In the course of three meetings, patients are familiarised with the issue of experienced stress as a potential source of psychosomatic illnesses (in particular, temporomandibular joint dysfunction). Preliminary patients' opinions, expressed through self-report methods, indicate significant usefulness of the developed psychoeducational program for the process of treatment and the quality of patients' lives.
Cognitive sequelae of diffuse axonal injury.

BACKGROUND The results of recent studies on cognitive disability after traumatic brain injury-associated diffuse axonal injury (DAI) are inconsistent. In these studies, the diagnosis of DAI relied on cranial computed tomography. OBJECTIVE To further clarify the extent and severity of a possibly DAI-associated cognitive impairment by the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and detailed neuropsychological testing. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS From a databank of 299 patients with traumatic brain injury, 18 patients (age range, 17-50 years; median initial Glasgow Coma Scale score, 5) who showed an MRI lesion pattern compatible with pure DAI were identified. All of the patients had undergone MRI on a 3-T system. Pure DAI was defined by the findings of traumatic microbleeds on T2*-weighted gradient-echo images in the absence of otherwise traumatic or nontraumatic MRI abnormalities. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Neuropsychological performance in the categories of attention and psychomotor speed, executive functions, spans, learning and memory, and intelligence 4 to 55 months (median, 9 months) after traumatic brain injury. RESULTS All of the patients showed impairments of 1 or more cognitive subfunctions, and no cognitive domain was fundamentally spared. Memory and executive dysfunctions were most frequent, the former reaching a moderate to severe degree in half of the patients. In comparison, deficits of attention, executive functions, and short-term memory were mostly mild. Correlations between the amount of traumatic microbleeds and specific or global cognitive performance were absent. CONCLUSIONS An MRI lesion pattern compatible with isolated DAI is associated with persistent cognitive impairment. The traumatic microbleed load is no sufficient parameter for the assessment of DAI severity or functional outcome.
Kinematics of the Broad-Line Region in M81

A new model is presented that explains the origin of the broad emission lines observed in the LINER/Seyfert nucleus of M81 in terms of a steady state spherically symmetric inflow, amounting to ~1 × 10-5 M☉ yr-1, which is sufficient to explain the luminosity of the active galactic nucleus (AGN). The emitting volume has an outer radius of ~1 pc, making it the largest broad-line region (BLR) yet to be measured, and it contains a total mass of ~5 × 10-2 M☉ of dense, ~108 cm-3, ionized gas, leading to a very low filling factor of ~5 × 10-9. The fact that the BLR in M81 is so large may explain why the AGN is unable to sustain the ionization seen there. Thus, the AGN in M81 is not simply a scaled-down quasar.
A low-power, high-speed CMOS/CML 16:1 serializer

This paper presents a low power CMOS/CML 16:1 serializer for optical data transmission systems. The serializer comprises a 16:N CMOS multiplexer, a CMOS to CML data converter, a N:1 CML multiplexer, a CML to CMOS clock converter and clock dividers. The serializer was implemented in two technologies: fabricated in 65-nm CMOS process and a total area of 110µm × 390µm, consumes 106mW from 1/1.8-V supplies, designed in 45-nm CMOS process and a total area of 140µm × 360µm, consumes 50mW from 0.9/1.2-V supplies. In both cases, simulated DDJ is less than 3ps under worst case conditions. Advantages of using static CMOS and CML topologies together for high-speed digital signals are discussed. A design method for avoiding timing issues is presented.
An Examination of the Generalizability of Motor Costs

Most approaches to understanding human motor control assume that people maximize their rewards while minimizing their motor efforts. This tradeoff between potential rewards and a sense of effort is quantified with a cost function. While the rewards can change across tasks, our sense of effort is assumed to remain constant and characterize how the nervous system organizes motor control. As such, when a proposed cost function compares well with data it is argued to be the underlying cause of a motor behavior, and not simply a fit to the data. Implicit in this proposition is the assumption that this cost function can then predict new motor behaviors. Here we examined this idea and asked whether an inferred cost function in one setting could explain subject’s behavior in settings that differed dynamically but had identical rewards. We found that the pattern of behavior observed across settings was similar to our predictions of optimal behavior. However, we could not conclude that this behavior was consistent with a conserved sense of effort. These results suggest that the standard forms for quantifying cost may not be sufficient to accurately examine whether or not human motor behavior abides by optimality principles.
Performance Evaluation of MPI and MPICH on the Cray T3E

A novel blocked photographically useful compound element and process are based on a new blocking group that comprises a beta-ketocarbonyl group that is part of a 5- to 7-member heterocyclic ring containing a hetero-atom not adjacent to the beta-ketocarbonyl group. Such a blocked photographically useful compound provides a photographic material and process enabling more rapid release of the photographically useful group upon processing.
―Advance Double Guard System: Detecting & Preventing Intrusions in Multi-Tier Web Applications‖

Today there is huge amount of use of computer especially for web application. Most of the people do their transaction through web application (6). So there are risks of personal data gets hacked then need to be provide more security for both web server and database server. For that Advance double guard system is used. In Advance double guard system for detecting & preventing attacks Intrusion detection system is used. This system prevents attacks and user account from intruder from hacking his/her account. By using IDS, system can deliver security for both web server and database server using mapping of request and query string. An IDS system that models the network performance of user sessions across both the front-end web server and the back-end database. System will try this by separating the flow of information from each web server session. It measure the detection accuracy when system attempt to model static and dynamic web requests with the back-end file system and database queries. For static websites, system built a well-correlated model, for effectively detecting various types of attacks. Moreover, system showed that this held true for dynamic requests where both recovery of information and updates to the back-end database occur using the web-server front end. Network security has been a very important issue, since the rising development of the Internet. There has been an increasing need for security systems against the external attacks from the attackers in order to do this requirement we develop Advance Double Guard system in the network.
Ordinary Differential Equations , Oscillating Chemical Reactions , and Chaos

Chaos has been found in many aspects of the phsyical world ranging from the weather to the human heartbeat [1]. Some concrete and definable examples of chaos can be seen in oscillating chemical reactions. One example is the Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction in chemistry. By changing the rate at which reactants are fed into the system, the oscillations can change from periodic behavior to chaotic. The chemistry of the BZ reaction is rather complex, and involves the oxidation of easily brominated organic material by bromate ion in an acidic environment, which makes it rather difficult to model ([2],[3],[4]). Slightly simpler is a similar reaction involving a three-variable autocatalator [5]. Autocalators involve isothermal reactions of chemicals in a thermodynamically closed environment – that is, reactions that maintain a constant temperature. Two-variable autocatalators have been successful in reproducing many types of chemical oscillations; a chemical modification by Peng et al. produced a three-variable autocalator which shows complex periodic as well as chaotic behavior. The chemistry of this reaction is as follows:
The Wage Impact of Trade Unions in the UK Public and Private Sectors

There is a growing gap in the union membership wage premium between public and private-sector workers in the United Kingdom. Using the Labour Force Surveys of 1993–2006, the gap between the membership premium in the public and private sectors closes with the addition of three-digit occupational controls, although significant wage premia remain in both sectors. However, using the Workplace Employment Relations Survey of 2004, the public-sector union membership wage premium remains roughly twice the size of the private-sector membership premium, having accounted for workplace fixed effects and workers' occupations, job characteristics, qualifications and demographics.
Strategies of psychological terrorism perpetrated by ETA's network: delimitation and classification.

This paper defines and analyzes the harassment perpetrated by ETA's terrorist network in the Basque Country, providing a taxonomy of its strategies of psychological violence. The usefulness of this taxonomy has been tested and contrasted by means of a content analysis of 19 testimonies of persons who were the victims of violence by the terrorist network. The taxonomy of strategies of psychological violence is made up of four dimensions that emphasize the actions on the context of the persons affected, and on their emotional state, cognitions, and behaviour. Results show the predominance of emotional and cognitive strategies. Intra-observer and inter-observer reliability analysis in coding showed a Cohen's Kappa coefficient of . 92 and . 87, respectively. The psychological violence analyzed in this study reflects a form of psychological terrorism that harasses and persecutes a specific sector of the population.
A New Approach to Adapt and Insert a Watermark in Colour Images

In this paper a new robust and secure watermarking algorithm devoted to colour image protection is proposed. Based on substitutive methods, it permits to embed an invisible watermark in any channel (RGB) of the colour image, especially in the green one. The HSB colour space is used to estimate the watermark strength in order to adapt the watermark to the characteristics of the host image. This technique eliminates the problem of the channel choice and improves the blind detection process. Many simulation results show the robustness, against several attacks, of the watermark, its imperceptibility and its efficiency compared to other ones.
Simulation of enhanced force limiting gripper for bilateral teleoperation

This paper proposes an enhanced force limiting gripper to avoid object deformation when it is in contact with the slave due to excessive forces imposed by the master operator in bilateral control. The force lock protects the gripped object on the slave and the attainment of the force limit is notified to the master operator via a small vibration. Master operator is expected to experience a spring effect if the operator presses his leaver towards the force increasing direction. The continuous copying of the slave position as the reference to the virtual spring controller's spring equilibrium point allows smooth releasing. In addition to vibration the loss of reaction force coming from the slave environment could also be sensed by the master operator. Reversing of the applied force on master handle releases the object attached to the slave. In this proposed system sensor-less sensing is used. Disturbance Observer is used to estimate disturbances and Reaction Force Observer estimates reaction forces. The proposed gripper is having a jaw opening of 0.15 m which has linear 1-DOF. Simulation is conducted using real world linear motor parameters and simulation results prove the applicability of proposed system.
Interface and Reliability Analysis of Au-Passivated Cu–Cu Fine-Pitch Thermocompression Bonding for 3-D IC Applications

Optimally engineered ultrathin gold (Au) layer as an effective surface passivation for low-temperature, low-pressure fine-pitch Cu–Cu bonding is demonstrated in this paper. The Au passivation layer not only performs the role of protecting the underlying Cu surface from unwanted oxidation but it also helps in reducing the effective surface roughness, which are two major requirements for thermocompression bonding. In addition, Au, being a noble metal, ensures efficient surface passivation of Cu even at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, Au-passivated Cu surfaces show significantly high {111}-oriented surface planes with random grain structures at the bonding interface, which account for enhanced diffusion ability. Herein, an optimized Au passivation layer of 3 nm has resulted in high-quality fine-pitch Cu–Cu thermocompression bonding at 140 °C and 0.3-MPa pressure. The bonded samples have further been subjected to various reliability studies in order to confirm the efficacy of the proposed bonding scheme, along with mathematical modeling to cross check using Fick’s second law of approximation. The bonded samples have attributed to a high bond strength (>200 MPa) and a very low and stable specific contact resistance ( $\sim 1.43 \times 10^{\mathrm {-8}}\Omega $ cm $^{2}$ ) under robust conditions, which is significantly better than the values previously reported in the literature.
Bandwidth-Efficient Turbo Trellis-Coded Modulation Using Punctured Component Codes

We present a bandwidth-efficient channel coding scheme that has an overall structure similar to binary turbo codes, but employs trellis-coded modulation (TCM) codes (including multidimensional codes) as component codes. The combination of turbo codes with powerful bandwidth-efficient component codes leads to a straightforward encoder structure, and allows iterative decoding in analogy to the binary turbo decoder. However, certain special conditions may need to be met at the encoder, and the iterative decoder needs to be adapted to the decoding of the component TCM codes. The scheme has been investigated for 8-PSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM modulation schemes with varying overall bandwidth efficiencies. A simple code choice based on the minimal distance of the punctured component code has also been performed. The interset distances of the partitioning tree can be used to fix the number of coded and uncoded bits. We derive the symbol-by-symbol MAP component decoder operating in the log domain, and apply methods of reducing decoder complexity. Simulation results are presented and compare the scheme with traditional TCM as well as turbo codes with Gray mapping. The results show that the novel scheme is very powerful, yet of modest complexity since simple component codes are used.