Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hurwitz spaces of genus 2 covers ofan

Let E be an elliptic curve over a field K of characteristic 6= 2 and let N > 1 be an integer prime to char(K). The purpose of this paper is to study the family of genus 2 covers of E of fixed degree N , i.e. those covers f : C → E for which C/K is a curve of genus 2 and deg(f) = N . Since we can (without loss of generality) restrict our attention those covers that are normalized in the sense of section 2, this investigation is essentially equivalent to the study of the set
A Three-Stage Process to Detect Outliers and False Positives Generated by Intrusion Detection Systems

To protect computer networks from attacks and hackers, an intrusion detection system (IDS) should be integrated in the security architecture. Although the detection of intrusions and attacks is the ultimate goal, IDSs generate a huge amount of false alerts which cannot be properly managed by the administrator, along with many noisy alerts or outliers. Many research works were conducted to improve IDS's accuracy by reducing the rate of false alerts and eliminating outliers. In this paper, we propose a three-stage process to detect false alerts and outliers. In the first stage, we cluster the set of elementary alerts to create a set of meta-alerts. Then, we remove outliers from the set of meta-alerts using a binary optimization problem. In the last stage, a binary classification algorithm is proposed to classify meta-alerts either as false alerts or real attacks. Experimental results show that our proposed process outperforms concurrent methods by significantly reducing the rate of false alerts and outliers.
2 4 A pr 2 00 8 On the doubled tetrus

This paper describes some properties of a certain fibered hyperbolic 3manifold which arises ”in nature”; that is, as the cover of a closed manifold constructed by other means. Among other things, the main theorem answers in the affirmative the question of whether it is possible for a fibered hyperbolic manifold to be a double across a connected surface. (We first heard this question from Alan Reid.) Non-hyperbolic fibered doubles are easily constructed by doubling the exterior of a fibered knot across the boundary torus, but producing a fibered hyperbolic double is more subtle problem. In such a manifold the doubling surface — necessarily with genus at least 2 — does not itself admit a fibering and must thus have points of tangency with any fibering, which in particular cannot be invariant under the doubling involution. Our objects of study come from a family of hyperbolic 3-manifolds Mn,k with totally geodesic boundary defined by Paoluzzi-Zimmermann [12]. A well known member of this family is M3,1, which is Thurston’s “tripus” ([15], Ch. 3). Here we consider the ”tetrus” M4,1 (thanks to Richard Kent for naming suggestions). For a manifold M with boundary, let DM denote its double;
The Adverse Events of Oxycodone in Cancer-Related Pain

AbstractThe adverse events (AEs) of oxycodone in cancer-related pain were controversial, so we conducted a meta-analysis to determine it.PubMed, Embase, CBM, CNKI, WanFang database, The Cochrane library, Web of Science, and the reference of included studies were searched to recognize pertinent studies. Relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all AEs were all extracted. The fixed-effects model was used to calculate pooled RRs and 95% CIs. Power calculation was performed using macro embedded in SAS software after all syntheses were completed.We identified 11 eligible trials involving 1211 patients: 604 patients included in oxycodone group and 607 patients involved in control group. Our quantitative analysis included 8 AEs, and the pooled analyses indicated that oxycodone compared with other opioids in cancer-related pain were not significantly decreased RRs of all AEs (dizziness RR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.69–1.30, Z = 0.35, P = 0.72; nausea RR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.72–1.07, Z = 1.26, P = 0.21; vomiting RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.70–1.15, Z = 0.9, P = 0.37; sleepiness RR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.38–1.36, Z = 0.36, P = 0.72; constipation RR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.81–1.19, Z = 0.21, P = 0.83; anorexia RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.58–1.62, Z = 0.11, P = 0.91; pruritus RR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.44–1.30, Z = 1.01, P = 0.31; dysuria RR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.07–1.62, Z = 1.36, P = 0.1)]. The subgroup analysis shown that Ox controlled-release (CR) had less sleepiness compared with MS-contin (Mc) CR (RR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.25–0.90, P = 0.02). The power analysis suggests that all AEs have low statistical power.The present meta-analysis detected that no statistically significant difference were found among oxycodone and other opioids in all AEs, but Ox CR may had less sleepiness compared with Mc CR when subgroup analysis were conducted.
Oxidative Stress-induced Telomere Length Shortening of Circulating Leukocyte in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

The main mechanism of pathogenesis which causes systemic complications in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients is believed to be intermittent hypoxia-induced intermediary effect and it depends on the burden of oxidative stress during sleep. We aimed to search the predictive markers which reflect the burden of systemic oxidative stress in patients with OSA and whether excessive telomere length shortening is a characteristic feature that can assess oxidative stress levels. We used quantitative PCR to measure telomere length using peripheral blood genomic DNA. Telomere lengths were compared in an age- and body mass index (BMI)-dependent manner in 34 healthy volunteers and 43 OSA subjects. We also performed reactive oxygen species assay to measure the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and OSA subjects. We found that the serum concentration of hydrogen peroxide was considerably higher in OSA patients, and that this was closely related with the severity of OSA. Significantly shortened telomere length was observed in the circulating leukocytes of the peripheral blood of OSA patients, and telomere length shortening was aggravated more acutely in an age- and BMI-dependent manner. An inverse correlation was observed between the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and the telomere length of OSA patients and excessive telomere length shortening was also linked to severity of OSA. The results provided evidence that telomere length shortening or excessive cellular aging might be distinctive in circulating leukocyte of OSA patients and may be an predictive biomarker for reflect the burden of oxidative stress in the peripheral blood of OSA patients.
To Reveal the Performance Secrets of the Newest NN Searching Algorithm

Nearest Neighbor (NN) search has been widely used in spatial databases and multimedia databases. Incremental NN (INN) search algorithm is regarded as the optimal NN search because of the minimum number of node accesses and it can be used no matter whether the number of objects to be retrieved is fixed or not in advance. This paper presents an analytical model for estimating performance of the INN search algorithm. For the first time, our model takes m (the number of neighbor objects reported finally), n (the cardinality of database) and d (the dimensionality) as parameters, focusing on the number of node accesses (not only the number of accessed leaf nodes) and the length of the priority queue. Using our model, dimensionality curse is mathematically revealed for an arbitrary number of NN objects retrieved. In our model, (1) for the first time, the two key factors of d m (the distance from the m-th NN object to the query point) and σh (the side length of each node) are estimated using their upper bounds and their lower bounds, which is helpful to effectiveness of our model, especially in high-dimensional spaces; (2) for the first time, the possible difference of fanouts among the leaf nodes, the root node and the others is taken into account. The theoretical analysis is verified by experiments.
Estimation of NAND Flash Memory Threshold Voltage Distribution for Optimum Soft-Decision Error Correction

As the feature size of NAND flash memory decreases, the threshold voltage signal becomes less reliable, and its distribution varies significantly with the number of program-erase (PE) cycles and the data retention time. We have developed parameter estimation algorithms to find the means and variances of the threshold voltage distribution that is modeled as a Gaussian mixture. The proposed methods find the best-fit parameters by minimizing the squared Euclidean distance between the measured threshold voltage values and those obtained from the Gaussian mixture model. For the parameter estimation, the gradient descent (GD) and the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) based methods are employed. The developed algorithms are applied to both simulated and real NAND flash memory. It is also demonstrated that error correction with the estimated mean and variance values yields much better performance when compared to the method that only updates the mean.
Computational prediction of cleavage using proteasomal in vitro digestion and MHC I ligand data

Proteasomes are responsible for the production of the majority of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes. Hence, it is important to identify correctly which peptides will be generated by proteasomes from an unknown protein. However, the pool of proteasome cleavage data used in the prediction algorithms, whether from major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I ligand or in vitro digestion data, is not identical to in vivo proteasomal digestion products. Therefore, the accuracy and reliability of these models still need to be improved. In this paper, three types of proteasomal cleavage data, constitutive proteasome (cCP), immunoproteasome (iCP) in vitro cleavage, and MHC I ligand data, were used for training cleave-site predictive methods based on the kernel-function stabilized matrix method (KSMM). The predictive accuracies of the KSMM+pair coefficients were 75.0%, 72.3%, and 83.1% for cCP, iCP, and MHC I ligand data, respectively, which were comparable to the results from support vector machine (SVM). The three proteasomal cleavage methods were combined in turn with MHC I-peptide binding predictions to model MHC I-peptide processing and the presentation pathway. These integrations markedly improved MHC I peptide identification, increasing area under the receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) values from 0.82 to 0.91. The results suggested that both MHC I ligand and proteasomal in vitro degradation data can give an exact simulation of in vivo processed digestion. The information extracted from cCP and iCP in vitro cleavage data demonstrated that both cCP and iCP are selective in their usage of peptide bonds for cleavage.
How a Proper Performance Related Reward System Can Contribute to Work Performance Excellence

Performance related rewards came in picture in recent years for so many reasons. That includes rewards as motivation for employees to excel, reduce employer-employee conflicts and ensure fair reward treatments. This also includes a response to a call of worker’s dissatisfaction at work, poor work performance, negative attitudes, lack of motivation and agency problems. These “ills” will only be “cured” if there are proper performance measures in place. This study examined how a proper performance related reward system can be used as a tool to enhance work performance. The study include different performance related reward systems that may be embraced by management to foster work performance, what performance appraisal measures need to be put in place and the relationship between performance related reward systems and work performance. The benefits of embracing the Performance based rewards are also discussed.
Performance Following: Real-Time Prediction of Musical Sequences Without a Score

This paper introduces a technique for predicting harmonic sequences in a musical performance for which no score is available, using real-time audio signals. Recent short-term information is aligned with longer term information, contextualizing the present within the past, allowing predictions about the future of the performance to be made. Using a mid-level representation in the form of beat-synchronous harmonic sequences, we reduce the size of the information needed to represent the performance. This allows the implementation of real-time performance following in live performance situations. We conduct an objective evaluation on a database of rock, pop, and folk music. Our results show that we are able to predict a large majority of repeated harmonic content with no prior knowledge in the form of a score.
Effects of Resveratrol on Cognitive Performance, Mood and Cerebrovascular Function in Post-Menopausal Women; A 14-Week Randomised Placebo-Controlled Intervention Trial

We tested whether chronic supplementation with resveratrol (a phytoestrogen) could improve cerebrovascular function, cognition and mood in post-menopausal women. Eighty post-menopausal women aged 45–85 years were randomised to take trans-resveratrol or placebo for 14 weeks and the effects on cognitive performance, cerebral blood flow velocity and pulsatility index (a measure of arterial stiffness) in the middle cerebral artery (using transcranial Doppler ultrasound), and cerebrovascular responsiveness (CVR) to both cognitive testing and hypercapnia were assessed. Mood questionnaires were also administered. Compared to placebo, resveratrol elicited 17% increases in CVR to both hypercapnic (p = 0.010) and cognitive stimuli (p = 0.002). Significant improvements were observed in the performance of cognitive tasks in the domain of verbal memory (p = 0.041) and in overall cognitive performance (p = 0.020), which correlated with the increase in CVR (r = 0.327; p = 0.048). Mood tended to improve in multiple measures, although not significantly. These results indicate that regular consumption of a modest dose of resveratrol can enhance both cerebrovascular function and cognition in post-menopausal women, potentially reducing their heightened risk of accelerated cognitive decline and offering a promising therapeutic treatment for menopause-related cognitive decline.
Control of a flexible arm with input dead zone by a passivity based adaptive output feedback

In this paper, we deal with a tip position control problem of a flexible arm with dead zone for the control input torque. A design method of a passivity based adaptive output feedback control for nonlinear nonminmum-phase flexible arm systems will be presented. To realize an adaptive output feedback control for nonminimum-phase control systems, we introduce a parallel feedforward compensator (PFC) so as to satisfy the OFEP (Output Feedback Exponentially Passive) conditions and design an adaptive feedforward input with a structure of neural networks in order to remove undesired vibration and the steady-state bias error from the PFC output and input dead zone. The effectiveness of the proposed method is examined through experiments for a flexible arm with dead zone.
Convergence of Numerical Time-Averaging and Stationary Measures via Poisson Equations

Numerical approximation of the long time behavior of a stochastic differential equation (SDE) is considered. Error estimates for time-averaging estimators are obtained and then used to show that the stationary behavior of the numerical method converges to that of the SDE. The error analysis is based on using an associated Poisson equation for the underlying SDE. The main advantages of this approach are its simplicity and universality. It works equally well for a range of explicit and implicit schemes, including those with simple simulation of random variables, and for hypoelliptic SDEs. To simplify the exposition, we consider only the case where the state space of the SDE is a torus, and we study only smooth test functions. However, we anticipate that the approach can be applied more widely. An analogy between our approach and Stein's method is indicated. Some practical implications of the results are discussed.
Sources of Phase Error and Design Considerations for Silicon-Based Monolithic High-Pass/Low-Pass Microwave Phase Shifters

A comprehensive analysis of error sources in monolithic microwave phase shifters due to device size limitations, inductor parasitics, loading effects, and nonideal switches is presented. Each component utilized in the implementation of a monolithic high-pass/low-pass phase shifter is analyzed, and its influence on phase behavior is shown in detail, with an emphasis on the net impact on absolute phase variation. The design of the individual phase-shifter filter sections and the influence of bit ordering on overall performance are also addressed. An X-band 5-bit phase shifter fabricated in a 200-GHz SiGe HBT BiCMOS technology platform is used to validate this analysis and our design methodology and achieves an absolute rms phase error of 4deg and relative rms phase error of 3deg for operation from 8.5 to 10.5 GHz
Simulating a trust-based service recommender system for decentralised user modelling environment

Trust and reputation mechanisms are often used in peer-to-peer networks, multi-agent systems and online communities to differentiate among members of the community as well as to recommend service providers. Although different users have different needs and expectations in different aspects of the service providers, few exiting trust models use differentiated trust values for judging different aspects of service providers. We have proposed a multi-aspect trust model where each user has two sets of trust values: 1) trust on different aspects of the quality of service providers; 2) differentiated trust on the recommendations provided by other users for each of these aspects. This trust model is used to recommend service providers in a decentralised user modelling system where agents have different preference weights in three different criteria of service providers. The paper focuses on the evaluation of the approach via a simulation on a large real social network. The results show that the trust model allows agents to learn from experience to find good service providers by using recommendations from their friends and that the model is robust with respect to colluding malicious agents.
In the wake of Ake: the ethics of expert testimony in an advocate's world.

The decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in Ake v. Oklahoma redefined the role of psychiatrists as experts in criminal cases. In addition to the expert's serving as evaluator and witness, the Court stressed the importance of the defense having a psychiatrist available to act as a consultant in the preparation and presentation of its case. This broader conception of the expert's role has raised ethical questions among psychiatrists, many of whom are concerned that their impartiality may be compromised. A careful analysis of Ake, however, demonstrates that substantial differences remain between the roles of consultant and advocate. Subtle pressures on impartial functioning will be increased, but they will not differ in kind from those operative before the decision. Several ethical issues related to the consultative role are considered and possible means of dealing with them addressed.
USING A WORST-CASE EXECUTION TIME TOOL FOR REAL-TIME VERIFICATION OF THE DEBIE SOFTWARE

Real-time software performance can be verified by testing or by static analysis. We report a static analysis of the onboard software of the Debie instrument, using a new tool called Bound-T that gives bounds on the worst-case execution time of an executable (binary) program. The values are used in an HRT schedulability analysis. The Bound-T tool is being developed by Space Systems Finland and has a modular design for porting to various target processors and platforms; initially the Intel-8051 and ADSP-21020 are supported. We describe the methods and results and compare them to the original test-based verification of the Debie software.
A survey of music similarity and recommendation from music context data

In this survey article, we give an overview of methods for music similarity estimation and music recommendation based on music context data. Unlike approaches that rely on music content and have been researched for almost two decades, music-context-based (or contextual) approaches to music retrieval are a quite recent field of research within music information retrieval (MIR). Contextual data refers to all music-relevant information that is not included in the audio signal itself. In this article, we focus on contextual aspects of music primarily accessible through web technology. We discuss different sources of context-based data for individual music pieces and for music artists. We summarize various approaches for constructing similarity measures based on the collaborative or cultural knowledge incorporated into these data sources. In particular, we identify and review three main types of context-based similarity approaches: text-retrieval-based approaches (relying on web-texts, tags, or lyrics), co-occurrence-based approaches (relying on playlists, page counts, microblogs, or peer-to-peer-networks), and approaches based on user ratings or listening habits. This article elaborates the characteristics of the presented context-based measures and discusses their strengths as well as their weaknesses.
Parasites, condition, immune responsiveness and carotenoid-based ornamentation in male red-legged partridge Alectoris rufa

Sexual ornaments might indicate better condition, fewer parasites or a greater immune responsiveness. Carotenoid-based ornaments are common sexual signals of birds and often influence mate choice. Skin or beaks pigmented by carotenoids can change colour rapidly, and could be particularly useful as honest indicators of an individual's current condition and/or health. This is because carotenoids must be acquired through diet and/or allocation for ornamental coloration might be to the detriment of self-maintenance needs. Here, we investigated whether the carotenoid-based coloration of eye rings and beak of male red-legged partridges Alectoris rufa predicted condition (mass corrected for size), parasite load (more specifically infection by coccidia, a main avian intestinal parasite) or a greater immune responsiveness (swelling response to a plant lectin, phytohaemagluttinin, or PHA). Redness of beak and eye rings positively correlated with plasma carotenoid levels. Also, males in better condition had fewer coccidia, more circulating carotenoids and a greater swelling response to PHA. Carotenoid-based ornamentation predicted coccidia abundance and immune responsiveness (redder males had fewer coccidia and greater swelling response to PHA), but was only weakly positively related to condition. Thus, the carotenoid pigmentation of beak and eye rings reflected the current health status of individuals. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that allocation trade-offs (carotenoid use for ornamentation versus parasite defence needs) might ensure reliable carotenoid-based signalling.