Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
7 Regulation of EC-SOD in Hypoxic Adipocytes

Obesity is closely linked to a variety of metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes (Eriksson, 2007). Recent studies have indicated that adipose tissue is not only an energy store but also produces and secretes various bioactive molecules called adipocytokines, such as adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (Hotamisligil & Spiegelman, 1994; Shimomura et al., 1996; Berg et al., 2002; Havel, 2004). TNF-α is a major inflammatory adipocytokine that decreases the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and this event leads to insulin resistance (Hotamisligil et al., 1993). Moreover, because it is well recognized that TNF-α increases the adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and MCP-1, all of which are key mediators involved in atherogenesis, over secretion of TNF-α may induce and accelerate atherosclerosis. On the other hand, adiponectin is a major anti-inflammatory adipocytokine that plays a pivotal role in the improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism and the prevention of atherosclerosis and inflammation (Yamauchi et al., 2002). Further, it has been clarified that adiponectin not only increases insulin sensitivity, but also has anti-atherosclerosis properties which decrease the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 (Ouchi et al., 1999) and suppresses the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (Arita et al., 2002). In patients with insulin resistance, obesity or type 2 diabetes, serum adiponectin levels are reduced (Arita et al., 1999; Hotta et al., 2000). Further, previous studies showed that TNF-α and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) decrease adiponectin expression (Kim et al., 2005; Soares et al., 2005; Simons et al., 2007). On the other hand, increases in adiponectin expression have been reported during adipocyte differentiation and transcriptional factors associated with adipogenesis, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α) and peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), have been shown to up-regulate adiponectin expression (Adachi et al., 2009).
Management of idiopathic clubfoot in toddlers by Ponseti's method

The Ponseti method has been reported to have successful results in clubfoot patients less than 6 months of age but the literature on its efficacy in older clubfoot patients still remains sparse. In our study, we prospectively evaluated 55 clubfeet (37 patients) to determine clinically whether the Ponseti method is effective in the management of clubfoot in older children between the age of 12 and 36 months (mean: 24.8 months). All the patients belonged to moderate or severe grades of deformity as per the Pirani scoring. Painless, supple, plantigrade and cosmetically acceptable feet were achieved in 49 clubfeet. Seven patients (seven feet) developed recurrence of adduction, varus and equinus deformity whereas three patients (five feet) developed isolated recurrence of equinus deformity. These seven patients responded to repeat treatment and obtained satisfactory outcome. Four of these seven patients underwent tibialis anterior transfer to third cuneiform for dynamic supination. Three patients, those developed isolated recurrence of equinus deformity, underwent repeat tenotomy. One foot achieved satisfactory amount of dorsiflexion, three feet underwent tendoachilles lengthening whereas another foot underwent posterior release to obtain satisfactory dorsiflexion. Six to 12 numbers of casts (mean: 10) were required to obtain correction of clubfoot deformities. Mean period of immobilization in a cast was 13.9 weeks (10–15 weeks). We found that the Ponseti method is effective in children between the age of 12 and 36 months.
Regeneration of Smooth Muscle Cells from Bone Marrow - Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering and Cellular Therapeutics

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and have tremendous potential for cell therapy and tissue engineering. In this study, to understand the effects of TGF-beta3 on rat bone marrow-derived MSCs and the underlying molecular mechanism of this differentiation process, we investigated that the changes of myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) at the transcriptional level after rat MSCs were treated with TGF-beta3. The results showed that TGF-beta3 increased the expression of contractile genes, such as SM22, smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC), SM-alpha-actin in MSCs. When TGF-beta3 induced MSCs differentiation into SMCs, myocardin and MRTF-A were activated. The data indicated that TGF-betai3 induced rat bone marrow-derived MSCs differentiation into SMCs by activating mypcardin and MRTF-A.
Differential accumulation of U1 and U4 small nuclear RNAs during Xenopus development.

We showed previously that those U1 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes of Xenopus laevis which are transcribed very actively in early embryos are quiescent in mature (stage VI) oocytes (Forbes et al. 1984). Although that study demonstrated that differential control of snRNA genes occurred, it did not describe snRNA accumulation during development. Using high-resolution polyacrylamide gels in combination with Northern blot hybridization and RNA sequence analyses, we show here that Xenopus has at least three classes of U1 and U4 snRNAs that are distinguishable by their differential expression of oocytes, embryos, tadpoles, and frogs. Adult snRNAs appear to be synthesized constitutively throughout Xenopus development and comprise the major species in tissues from large tadpoles and frogs. Embryonic snRNAs are the principal species accumulating during the two periods of rapid snRNA synthesis, i.e., in previtellogenic oocytes and early embryos. Tadpole RNAs are minor species that are most prominent in young feeding tadpoles. Transcription of both embryonic and adult snRNA genes is activated at the midblastula transition (MBT), but expression of the embryonic genes is switched off selectively within a few days after MBT. Although the precise timing of this inactivation differs significantly for U1 and U4 genes, the overall pattern of differential expression is common to U1 and U2 snRNA genes. Because of sequence differences between the snRNAs accumulating at various stages, the resulting populations of snRNPs could have different splice-site specificities leading to altered patterns of pre-mRNA splicing during development.
The Effect of Investor Sentiment on Feedback Trading and Trading Frequency: Evidence from Taiwan Intraday Data

Abstract Although extensive literature has suggested that investor sentiment may be one of the most important factors in explaining investor trading frequency and trading strategies, how individual investors are significantly influenced by sentiment remains underexplored. The feature of numerous individual investors in the Taiwan stock market provides an avenue to examine the relationship of investor sentiment to trading frequency and positive-feedback trading according to intraday data. Using a vector autoregression model to measure feedback trading in one-minute intervals, we find that trading frequency appears to increase in periods of rising market, suggesting that investor sentiment–driven trading increases market trading frequency without relying on past experiences to conduct trading behavior.
Counteracting Segregation: Swedish Policies and Experiences

The issue of residential segregation has been on the Swedish political agenda since the early 1970s. This paper analyses the background for this interest, presents some basic features of socio-economic and ethnic residential segregation, and discusses some fundamental contextual properties regarding the Swedish welfare state, its institutional set-up and changes in housing and other policies that have affected the conditions for segregation processes. Three more specific anti-segregation policies are also identified and analysed: housing and social mix policy (first initiated in the 1970s); the refugee dispersal policy (initiated in the 1980s); and the area-based urban policy (initiated in the 1990s). Of these three, the last two have a clear ethnic focus while mix policies primarily aim for socio-economic and demographic mix. The analysis shows that none of the policies have managed to affect levels of segregation more than marginally, the reasons being ineffective implementation (the mix policy), failures in the design (the refugee dispersal policy) or conflicting aims inherent in the policy (area-based interventions).
Examination of balance measures produced by the biodex stability system.

OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to establish normal patterns and relationships of stability using the Biodex Stability System. DESIGN AND SETTING The design of this study used both nonexperimental and quasi-experimental methods. All testing was performed in a university sports medicine laboratory. SUBJECTS Nineteen healthy subjects (8 males, 11 females, age = 24.4 +/- 4.2 years; wt = 70.5 +/- 20 kg; ht = 171.2 +/- 11.7 cm) with no history of lower extremity injury participated in this study. MEASUREMENTS For data analysis, the medial/lateral stability index (MLSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), overall stability index (OSI), and time-in-balance scores were recorded. RESULTS Multiple regression revealed that APSI and MLSI significantly contributed to the OSI, with the APSI accounting for 95% of the OSI variance. Additionally, the percentage of time spent between 0 degrees and 5 degrees from level was significantly greater than the time spent between 6 degrees and 10 degrees , 11 degrees and 15 degrees , and 16 degrees and 20 degrees . Furthermore, the percentage of time spent between 6 degrees and 10 degrees was significantly greater than the time spent between 16 degrees and 20 degrees . CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that uninjured individuals spent the majority of the time balanced within 0 degrees to 5 degrees from level and progressively less time at greater angles. Additionally, the data suggest that the OSI is very closely related to the APSI and receives a relatively small contribution from the MLSI. Because of this small contribution, if the clinician is interested in both anterior-posterior and medial-lateral motions, it may be best to use the MLSI and APSI separately rather than the OSI.
Bursts: The Hidden Pattern Behind Everything We Do

Thank you for reading bursts the hidden pattern behind everything we do albert laszlo barabasi. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their chosen books like this bursts the hidden pattern behind everything we do albert laszlo barabasi, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their laptop.
Editorial: The Changing Face Of the European Periphery in the Automotive Industry

The automotive sector is often presented as a ‘globalized industry’: the governance of the valuechain is largely internationalized with a key role for global players (Freyssenet and Lung, 2000) who are dominant in both motor vehicle production (OEM) and component manufacturing (OES). As a matter of fact, the internationalization of the auto industry rather reflects a process of regionalization. Despite some cars being sold on a global scale, the contemporary development of the sector is largely based on regional markets, the products being differentiated between poles of the triad (North America, Europe, Japan) and even emerging markets, and on a regional division of labour within and between automotive firms in design, manufacture and sales of these regional products (Carrillo et al., 2004).
Exchange Rate Policy in Transition Economies: The Case of Hungary

We review the experience of Hungary with the preannounced crawling band exchange rate system during 1995-97. When selecting the exchange rate regime, several key characteristics of the transition process must be taken into account: reform-induced inflationary pressure, the necessity to restructure production and exports, and the need to establish credibility. We argue against a premature fixing of the exchange rate in transition economies and suggest that a crawling band can serve well the dual objectives of maintaining competitiveness and moderating inflation if it is supported by appropriate fiscal and structural policies. The exchange rate can be used more actively for disinflation if an acceptable wage policy can be negotiated, but this is difficult to achieve in the initial phase of the transition when the credibility of policy is weak.
Performance Indexing in Stock Option and Other Incentive Compensation Programs

flecting the view that executive rewards should be linked directly to changes in shareholder wealth. The aim of stock option plans, generally speaking, is to provide some unifying glue to the corporation’s incentive structure by giving &dquo;key&dquo; employees long-term incentives to contribute to overall corporate performance. However, most stock option plans are fundamentally flawed, diminishing their value as a device for aligning the interests of executives and shareholders.
Characteristics of Head-Mounted Displays and Their Effects on Simulator Sickness

Objective: We examined the effects of several display characteristics of head-mounted displays (HMDs) on simulator sickness (SS). Background: Technological limitations, such as display delay and reduced field of view (FOV), affect perception when using an HMD and are often thought to be related to SS. Few studies have examined the relationship between FOV and geometric FOV (image scale factor) or how HMD characteristics may interact. Method: Participants made active head movements to locate objects when viewing a live video via an HMD. Results: Compared with no added delay, an additional 200 ms of display delay did not result in increased SS, as measured by the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire. Furthermore, an effect of image scale factor on SS was not revealed. However, SS was greater when peripheral vision was occluded than when it was not. Peripheral vision moderated the effects of image scale factor and delay on head movement velocity. Conclusion: Occluding peripheral vision may subject HMD users to the potential detrimental consequences of HMD characteristics more than when peripheral vision of the external environment is available, resulting in more SS. Future research should investigate to what extent peripheral vision can be occluded without increasing SS and without sacrificing realism and presence. Application: To reduce the occurrence of SS, a degree of peripheral vision of the external world should be provided. Furthermore, users and designers should be aware that head movement behavior may be affected by HMD characteristics.
Insertional inactivation of the Streptococcus mutans dexA (dextranase) gene results in altered adherence and dextran catabolism.

Streptococcus mutans is able to synthesize extracellular glucans from sucrose which contribute to adherence of these bacteria. Extracellular dextranase can partially degrade the glucans, and may therefore affect virulence of S. mutans. In order to isolate mutants unable to produce dextranase, a DNA library was constructed by inserting random Sau3AI-digested fragments of chromosomal DNA from S. mutans into the BamHI site of the streptococcal integration vector pVA891, which is able to replicate in Escherichia coli but does not possess a streptococcal origin of replication. The resultant plasmids were introduced into S. mutans LT11, allowing insertional inactivation through homologous recombination. Two transformants were identified which did not possess dextranase activity. Integration of a single copy of the plasmid into the chromosome of these transformants was confirmed by Southern hybridization analysis. Chromosomal DNA fragments flanking the plasmid were recovered using a marker rescue technique, and sequenced. Comparison with known sequences using the BLASTX program showed 56% homology at the amino acid level between the sequenced gene fragment and dextranase from Streptococcus sobrinus, strongly suggesting that the S. mutans dextranase gene (dexA) had been inactivated. The colony morphology of the dextranase mutants when grown on Todd-Hewitt agar containing sucrose was altered compared to the parent strain, with an apparent build-up of extracellular polymer. The mutants were also more adherent to a smooth surface than LT11 but there was no apparent difference in sucrose-dependent cell-cell aggregation. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The determinants of capital structure of listed banks in Jordan: panel data analysis

This study examines the determinants of capital structure of banks in Jordan by using a sample of 15 listed banks through the period 2006 to 2010. Panel data analysis is employed to determine the determinants of capital structure of banks in Jordan. The results show that size has a positive and significant impact on total liabilities to equity ratio, book leverage and market leverage while it has a positive insignificant impact on deposit leverage and non-deposit leverage. The results also show that market to book ratio has a positive and significant impact on all study leverage measures except non-deposit leverage. Profitability has a mixed impact, since it has a positive significant impact on non-deposit leverage, positive insignificant impact on book leverage and market leverage, and negative significant impact on deposit leverage and total liabilities to equity ratio. The finding also reveal that tangibility is a good determinant of non-deposit leverage and total liabilities to equity ratio and banks in Jordan funded 70% of its assets by customers' deposits.
Educational Choice, Families, and Young People's Earnings.

This paper presents two optimizing models of educational choice, discusses issues of identification, estimates earnings equations in the context of these models, and presents conditions under which we can test one against the other. The estimates indicate that education is endogenous for young people's earnings, creating a downward bias in estimated returns from education that assume exogeneity. Identification and estimation relies on family background information from a special sample from the British Household Panel Study 1991-95, which matches mothers and their young adult children. Our estimates favor a family model over an individual model, and they suggest that parents allocate resources to education to compensate for differences in their children's earnings endowments.
Measuring the Cost of Corporate Litigation: Five Case Studies

ON November 19, 1985, a Houston jury found that Texaco had improperly interfered with Pennzoil's plan to buy Getty Oil and directed Texaco to pay Pennzoil $11.1 billion plus interest in damages. In the seven trading days following the verdict, the market value of Texaco dropped by $1.8 billion, while the market value of Pennzoil rose only $600 million. As a result, the aggregate market value of the two firms fell by $1.2 billion. This asymmetrical change in the market of the two firms' value raises some intriguing questions. Since new information about the wealth transfer is reflected in the increase in value of the winner, what other costs does the loser bear? Would the subsequent release of information favorable to Texaco cause its value to rise more than Pennzoil's falls? If asymmetrical changes in value are common, what does this imply about the incentive to sue and to settle cases? In this article, four hypotheses are developed to explain why legal events may cause asymmetrical changes in the value of the litigants. Next, data on five major cases are examined to determine the extent to which asymmetrical reactions are common and to compare the four hypotheses. The empirical approach is a variant of the standard residual analysis described by Schwert. ' For all five cases, key events, including announcement of the filing of a complaint, major rulings by the court, and announcement of the initial verdict, are selected. For each event the residual return on the stock of both the plaintiff and the defendant is
Double-ended prediction of the naturalness ratings of the blizzard challenge 2008-2013

In this paper we describe a double-ended (i.e. reference-based or intrusive) approach to objective quality estimation of synthetic speech that uses a linear regression model whose parameters can easily be interpreted. The model was trained and evaluated on English data from the 2008 to 2013 Blizzard Challenges (BC) [1], which is the largest publically available resource of listener-evaluated synthetic speech. To our knowledge, this is the ﬁrst attempt to train and evaluate a speech quality predictor on the whole data set. Predicting the naturalness of the different participating systems in the BC is not an easy task because some of the systems are quite close in quality. Our best results correspond to a Pearson correlation coefﬁcient of 0.60 and 0.84 for sentences and systems, respectively, using a leave-one-system-out evaluation, which by far outperformed the ITU-T standard PESQ [2] for double-ended speech quality evaluation on this data.
Uptake of chlorobenzenes by carrots from spiked and sewage sludge-amended soil.

Uplike of chlorobenzenes (CBs) by carrots grown in soil treated with different rates of sewage sludge or spiked with the compounds was investigated. Sludge-amended soil tended to retain more CBs than spiked soil. A relatively lower rate sludge application (19.4 t ha -1 , dry wt) resulted in a higher proportion of «residual» CBs in soil and a higher proportion being taken up by carrots. Both carrot foliage and root took up CBs from all the soil treatments. There was no evidence of significant transport of CBs between carrot roots and tops. Off-the of CBs in carrot foliage was affected by the yields of the aboveground parts, implying that the better growing leaves might like up CBs more effectively. Off-take of CBs by roots increased with soil CB concentrations (.)
An Effective Feature Selection method using Monte Carlo Search

Feature selection is the challenging problem in the field of machine learning. The task is to identify the optimal feature subset by eliminating the redundant and irrelevant features from the dataset. The problem becomes more complicated when dealing with high-dimensional datasets. In this paper, we propose the novel technique based on Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) to find the best feature subset to classify the dataset in hand. The effectiveness and validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by experimenting on many real world datasets.
Gentrifiers and Their Choice of Housing: Characteristics of the Households Living in New Developments in Swiss Cities

This paper draws on the literature on residential mobility in order to address the housing choice of gentrifiers and its different dimensions (profile, trajectories, and motivations). The gentrification literature is reviewed in regard to these dimensions. Empirical material is based on questionnaires sent to the inhabitants of new high-status developments (new-build gentrification) in two Swiss cities (Zurich and Neuchâtel). By pointing out some of the characteristics found in the Swiss context, the results contribute to an understanding of the attributes of contemporary gentrifiers, such as their diversity in terms of life-course position, the transitory stage that living in a gentrified neighbourhood may represent, and the predominance of the convenience of urban life (proximity and mobility) in their motivations.