Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk patterns in drug safety study using relative times by accelerated failure time models when proportional hazards assumption is questionable: an illustrative case study of cancer risk of patients on glucose‐lowering therapies

Observational drug safety studies may be susceptible to confounding or protopathic bias. This bias may cause a spurious relationship between drug exposure and adverse side effect when none exists and may lead to unwarranted safety alerts. The spurious relationship may manifest itself through substantially different risk levels between exposure groups at the start of follow‐up when exposure is deemed too short to have any plausible biological effect of the drug. The restrictive proportional hazards assumption with its arbitrary choice of baseline hazard function renders the commonly used Cox proportional hazards model of limited use for revealing such potential bias. We demonstrate a fully parametric approach using accelerated failure time models with an illustrative safety study of glucose‐lowering therapies and show that its results are comparable against other methods that allow time‐varying exposure effects. Our approach includes a wide variety of models that are based on the flexible generalized gamma distribution and allows direct comparisons of estimated hazard functions following different exposure‐specific distributions of survival times. This approach lends itself to two alternative metrics, namely relative times and difference in times to event, allowing physicians more ways to communicate patient's prognosis without invoking the concept of risks, which some may find hard to grasp. In our illustrative case study, substantial differences in cancer risks at drug initiation followed by a gradual reduction towards null were found. This evidence is compatible with the presence of protopathic bias, in which undiagnosed symptoms of cancer lead to switches in diabetes medication. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estratégia de cuidado a famílias de portadores de transtornos mentais: experiências de um grupo de pesquisa - DOI: 10.4025/cienccuidsaude.v8i0.9724

This paper aims to report the experience of participating in a research group - nucleo de estudos, pesquisa assistencia e apoio a familias - NEPAAF - to develop assistance to families of people with mental disorders based on the assumptions of Waidman. The proposed work extends to three levels of care, care individual, group (the family), and the activities called out. The individual activities are conducted almost exclusively in the form of home visits, however, the attendances are in accordance with the needs of each family, taking into account its uniqueness and reality. The group activities are developed in association maringaensis of Mental Health or the Basic Health Unit in which they are made self-help groups where they discussed the issues of relevance to the group. Denominated in those social rehabilitation, we conducted activities which aim to ensure that institutionalization is effective, that is, we must think of social rehabilitation from the strengthening of support network in which the bearer of mental disorder and his family are involved, therefore encourage the participation of associations in mental health garages and cooperative in working groups, Psychoeducation among others.
Exploiting vehicle motion information in monocular SLAM

It is now well known that increasing the number of features maintained in the mapping process of the monocular SLAM improves the accuracy of the outcome. This, however, increases the state dimension and the associated computational cost. This paper investigates and evaluates the improvement on SLAM results by exploiting camera motion information. For a camera mounted on a vehicle, its motion is subject to the vehicle motion model. The work of this paper shows that by introducing relative pose constraints calculated from image points by considering the underlying vehicle motion model (for example the non-holonomic vehicle motion model), it is possible to incorporate vehicle motion information into the system and achieve even more accurate SLAM results than maintaining all extracted features in the map. It is demonstrated that in this process, the state dimension is not increased, and the sparse structure of the SLAM problem is maintained. So the underlying sparseness in the SLAM problem structure can still be exploited for computational efficiency. Simulation and experiment results are presented to demonstrate the relative merits of incorporating vehicle motion information for motion estimation and mapping.
Dynamic Evaluation of Matisse's 1935 Large Reclining Nude

Forty non-artists and 16 art students rated the 22 in-progress states of Henri Matisse's great 1935 painting, Large Reclining Nude, on 26 survey items measuring several constructs: quality, originality, technique, arousal potential, and primordial thought. Factor analyses revealed differences in aesthetic judgment criteria consistent with previous research: non-artists value technique and realism, while art students emphasize originality. Changes in quality and other items were evident as the painting progressed. Non-artists judged the painting as getting generally worse over time, consistent with the increasing abstraction of the image. In contrast, art students' judgments showed a jagged trajectory with several peaks (including the finished version), suggesting an interactive hypothesis-testing process that gradually transformed the image.
Multilayer communication network architecture for wind power farm

Wind is a sustainable renewable energy source, which has recently gained high popularity among the renewable energy sources. The high maintenance and repair cost of wind turbine needs real-time monitoring and control through networks. Network communication infrastructures play important roles for the real-time monitoring and control of wind power farms because these farms are located at remote and harsh environment sites. This paper proposes multilayer communication network architecture for monitoring and controlling of wind power farms which consists of wind power farm layer, local control center layer, regional control center layer, central control center layer and neighbor control center layer. Based on the logical node concept of IEC 61400-25 standard, wind turbine is modeled and simulated by four different information including analogue measurements, status information, protection and control information, and meteorological mast information through OPNET modular. The performance of the proposed network architecture is evaluated in terms of link bandwidth and latency.
Experience above the Glass Ceiling: A Study Of Female Executives

The study examined the experience of female executives who have risen above the glass ceiling in male dominated work environment. A total of 230 male and female executive participated in the study. They had spent a minimum of five years in their present position, which allowed information from a wide range of organizational experience to be collected. Results indicated that female executives in such environments perceived they are not well recognized and as result they do not receive enough cooperation and support from colleagues. This perception is of low acceptance which has implication for the development of women the organisation and the nation in general. This situation calls for a reconstruction of practices and polices within and outside the work setting that could impinge on full expression of women's potentials. (IFE PsychologIA: 2003 11 (1): 139-148)
Long-Term Treatment of ADHD With Stimulants

Objective: To evaluate 410 real-life patients treated with stimulants and assessed systematically over several years. Method: Naturalistic observational study. A database was compiled on the basis of a review of the medical charts of patients attending a specialized ADHD clinic. Results: The diversity of ADHD patients was evident from the comorbidity, age at start, comedication, and treatment needs over time. Dosages corresponded to guidelines in most patients, but some needed higher dosages or got along on lower dosages for long periods. Age at start and comorbidity influenced dosage, and dosage was associated to differential outcome groups. Conclusion: The study findings underscored the diversity of ADHD patients and that individual factors should be taken into account when tailoring individual treatment schedules. Findings further showed that stimulant dosages are dynamic over time and depend on individual factors, that individual factors influence outcome, and that patients with ADHD should be individually monitored and stimulant dosages adjusted continuously.
Nanoelectronics Era : Novel Device Technologies Enabling Systems on Chips

The issues in scaling the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) transistors in sub-100 nm regime are reviewed. The non-classical CMOS device technologies such as high-k gate dielectrics, strained silicon channel, Silicon On Insulator, multi-gate transistors, and metal gate electrodes, are discussed in detail. These techniques are expected to scale the CMOS devices to an ultimate limit of 5 nm physical gate length. The system level issues of growing power dissipation and increasing device to device variability in the chips should be overcome for the successful realization of complex systems in nanoelectronics technologies. A brief overview of the non-CMOS memory and logic device architecture is provided. The opportunities in building hybrid systems on chips by combining sensors and actuators along with the compute and storage functions on a single chip are described.
Detecting Internet Filtering from Geographic Time Series

We propose an approach based on principle component analysis to identify per-country anomalous periods in traffic usage as a means to detect internet filtering, and demonstrate the applicability of this approach with global usage statistics from the Tor Project. In contrast to previous country-specific investigations, our techniques use deviation from global patterns of usage to identify countries straying from predicted behaviour, allowing the identification of periods of filtering and related events in any country for which usage statistics exist. To our knowledge the work presented here is the first automated approach to detecting internet filtering at a global scale. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach by identifying known historical filtering events as well as events injected synthetically into a dataset, and evaluate the sensitivity of this technique against different classes of censorship events. Importantly, our results show that usage of circumvention tools, such as those provided by the Tor Project, act not only as direct indicators of network censorship but also as a meaningful proxy variable for related events such as protests in which internet use is restricted.
The Rise and Rise of Exome Sequencing

Beginning in 2009, the advent of exome sequencing has contributed significantly towards new discoveries of heritable germline mutations and de novo mutations for rare Mendelian disorders with hitherto unknown genetic aetiologies. Exome sequencing is an efficient tool to identify disease mutations without the need of a multi-generational pedigree. Sequencing a single proband or multiple affected individuals has been shown to be successful in identifying disease mutations, but parents would be required in the case of de novo mutations. In addition to heritable germline and de novo mutations, exome sequencing has also succeeded in unravelling somatic driver mutations for a wide range of cancers through individual studies or international collaborative effort such as the Cancer Genome International Consortium. By contrast, the application of exome sequencing in complex diseases is relatively limited; probably it would be too expensive were it applied to thousands of samples to achieve the statistical power for rare or low frequency variants (<1%). On top of research discoveries, the application of exome sequencing as a diagnostic tool is also increasingly evident. In this article, we summarize and discuss the progress that has been made in these areas during almost a decade.
Varieties of Cues to Emotion in Naturally Occurring Situations

People were asked to observe a person with whom they lived, to report when they noticed that person experiencing an emotion, and to report what cues they used to detect the emotion. In Phase 1, observers were told to "list the cues they used"; in Phase 2, they were told to "describe how they could tell"" that the target person was experiencing an emotion. Results were similar in both phases. Only 5 of the 182 respondents reported using a single cue whereas 10 reported using at least a dozen cues. Two out of three respondents reported using vocal cues; over a half reported using facial, indirect verbal, and context cues; nearly a half reported using body and activity cues; about a quarter of the respondents reported using physiological, trait, and other cues; and fewer than a tenth reported using direct verbal cues. Roughly the same number of cues and the same distribution of cue categories was found regardless of the emotion being observed, the sex of the person observing, the sex of the person being obse.
Selective loss of polymorphic mating types is associated with rapid phenotypic evolution during morphic speciation

Polymorphism may play an important role in speciation because new species could originate from the distinctive morphs observed in polymorphic populations. However, much remains to be understood about the process by which morphs found new species. To detail the steps of this mode of speciation, we studied the geographic variation and evolutionary history of a throat color polymorphism that distinguishes the “rock-paper-scissors” mating strategies of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana. We found that the polymorphism is geographically widespread and has been maintained for millions of years. However, there are many populations with reduced numbers of throat color morphs. Phylogenetic reconstruction showed that the polymorphism is ancestral, but it has been independently lost eight times, often giving rise to morphologically distinct subspecies/species. Changes to the polymorphism likely involved selection because the allele for one particular male strategy, the “sneaker” morph, has been lost in all cases. Polymorphism loss was associated with accelerated evolution of male size, female size, and sexual dimorphism, which suggests that polymorphism loss can promote rapid divergence among populations and aid species formation.
Redistribution of Glycolipid Raft Domain Components Induces Insulin-Mimetic Signaling in Rat Adipocytes

ABSTRACT Caveolae and caveolin-containing detergent-insoluble glycolipid-enriched rafts (DIG) have been implicated to function as plasma membrane microcompartments or domains for the preassembly of signaling complexes, keeping them in the basal inactive state. So far, only limited in vivo evidence is available for the regulation of the interaction between caveolae-DIG and signaling components in response to extracellular stimuli. Here, we demonstrate that in isolated rat adipocytes, synthetic intracellular caveolin binding domain (CBD) peptide derived from caveolin-associated pp59Lyn (10 to 100 μM) or exogenous phosphoinositolglycan derived from glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane protein anchor (PIG; 1 to 10 μM) triggers the concentration-dependent release of caveolar components and the GPI-anchored protein Gce1, as well as the nonreceptor tyrosine kinases pp59Lyn and pp125Fak, from interaction with caveolin (up to 45 to 85%). This dissociation, which parallels redistribution of the components from DIG to non-DIG areas of the adipocyte plasma membrane (up to 30 to 75%), is accompanied by tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of pp59Lyn and pp125Fak (up to 8- and 11-fold) but not of the insulin receptor. This correlates well to increased tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin and the insulin receptor substrate protein 1 (up to 6- and 15-fold), as well as elevated phosphatidylinositol-3′ kinase activity and glucose transport (to up to 7- and 13-fold). Insulin-mimetic signaling by both CBD peptide and PIG as well as redistribution induced by CBD peptide, but not by PIG, was blocked by synthetic intracellular caveolin scaffolding domain (CSD) peptide. These data suggest that in adipocytes a subset of signaling components is concentrated at caveolae-DIG via the interaction between their CBD and the CSD of caveolin. These inhibitory interactions are relieved by PIG. Thus, caveolae-DIG may operate as signalosomes for insulin-independent positive cross talk to metabolic insulin signaling downstream of the insulin receptor based on redistribution and accompanying activation of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases.
High Expression of Cry1Ac Protein in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) by Combining Independent Transgenic Events that Target the Protein to Cytoplasm and Plastids

Transgenic cotton was developed using two constructs containing a truncated and codon-modified cry1Ac gene (1,848 bp), which was originally characterized from Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki strain HD73 that encodes a toxin highly effective against many lepidopteran pests. In Construct I, the cry1Ac gene was cloned under FMVde, a strong constitutively expressing promoter, to express the encoded protein in the cytoplasm. In Construct II, the encoded protein was directed to the plastids using a transit peptide taken from the cotton rbcSIb gene. Genetic transformation experiments with Construct I resulted in a single copy insertion event in which the Cry1Ac protein expression level was 2–2.5 times greater than in the Bacillus thuringiensis cotton event Mon 531, which is currently used in varieties and hybrids grown extensively in India and elsewhere. Another high expression event was selected from transgenics developed with Construct II. The Cry protein expression resulting from this event was observed only in the green plant parts. No transgenic protein expression was observed in the non-green parts, including roots, seeds and non-green floral tissues. Thus, leucoplasts may lack the mechanism to allow entry of a protein tagged with the transit peptide from a protein that is only synthesized in tissues containing mature plastids. Combining the two events through sexual crossing led to near additive levels of the toxin at 4–5 times the level currently used in the field. The two high expression events and their combination will allow for effective resistance management against lepidopteran insect pests, particularly Helicoverpa armigera, using a high dosage strategy.
Quality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation - can a smartphone bring about a revolution?

CPR quality described by Sakai et al and Merchant et al. First, the chest compression rate improved for both the smartphone and cell telephone. Improvements have also been demonstrated in studies that used a metronome,5,6 suggesting that voice alone can provide an adequate improvement. However, although the chest compression depth slightly improved for both the cell telephone and smartphone, the compressions did not reach a sufficient depth, suggesting that this point is difficult to improve with machine guidance. Second, we can see a delay in time to first chest compression of nearly 40 s for both phones, which suggests the possibility that they delay the start of CPR. Whether this is simply because starting the programs requires time is unclear, but in any case, improvement is desirable in the future. Third, although time without chest compression, which is a critical item particularly emphasized in the CPR guidelines as well,1,2 improved for both techniques, it is difficult to assess whether the improvement was sufficient for the cell telephone. The smartphone, in contrast, showed a dramatic improvement of only 4.4 s in a 2-min scenario. It is of great interest to see if this dramatic improvement is simply attributable to the addition of images or if some other factors, including the voice portion, are involved. Further investigation and elucidation of the causes, which may lead to an important discovery in resuscitation science, are expected. Although the CPR support application is still in development,7 I hope that the new social network technologies, including smartphones, will revolutionize the way we rescue patients with outn order to improve the life saving rate of patients with outof-hospital cardiac arrest, which occurs in approximately 70,000 people in Japan each year, an increased implementation rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by the general public and improvement of the quality of bystander CPR are essential.1,2 However, it is not easy for non-health practitioners to master high-quality CPR skills, although various methods have been investigated, because the CPR itself is something out of the ordinary and involves partially invasive procedures.
A Framework to Extend Distributed Mutual Exclusion Algorithms to Support Multiple Requests Per-Node

The problem of defining distributed mutual exclusion algorithms to support multiple requests per-node has been solved by extending currently existing distributed mutual exclusion algorithms. In this paper, we present a generic framework to solve this problem as an extension of a distributed mutual exclusion algorithm and a local mutual exclusion module. These two components are integrated through an extension key and the definition of clear communication interfaces for the key. The interaction between the distributed mutual exclusion algorithm and the mutual exclusion module is transparent, therefore these two components are not co-depending. The objective is to preserve correctness properties of the original algorithm in such a way that the extended algorithm is also correct. Our framework provides guidelines to build future extension works in a correct and clean manner.
Motivation of UK school pupils towards foreign languages: a large-scale survey at Key Stage 3

Motivation is one of the most significant predictors of success in foreign language learning. While individual and Governmental commitment to the learning of foreign languages is growing throughout most of Europe and across the globe, it is stuttering in the UK. An entitlement to language learning in primary school is not yet fully in place, whilst the removal of language from the core curriculum at Key Stage 4 (ages 14 to 16) has led to a dramatic fall in numbers of language learners. Among national initiatives seeking to enhance learners’ interest in languages among school pupils are Specialist Language Colleges and the Languages Ladder. The latter, by certifying achievement through its associated accreditation scheme Asset Languages, seeks to engender a sense of success and motivate continuation of language study. This article reports on a study conducted in 2005–2006 of the language learning motivation of over 10,000 school pupils at Key Stage 3—the only group currently obliged to study a foreign language. The study analyses the nature of learner motivation and its relationship with gender, level of study (Years 7, 8 and 9) and type of school, and thus provides evidence for possible measures to increase numbers of teenagers studying a foreign language, and a baseline against which the success of policy initiatives can be measured in the future.