Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SPHERE IFS optical concept description and design overview

Integral field spectroscopy coupled with an extreme adaptive optics system and coronagraphy allows a marked improvement of the standard spectroscopic simultaneous differential imaging calibration technique. Hence, with an integral field spectrograph (IFS) direct imaging of extrasolar giant planets becomes potentially feasible over a wide range of ages, masses, and separations from the hosting stars. This aim represents the prime goal of the planet finder instrument for the VLT (SPHERE). Inside SPHERE, the IFS channel exploits various spectral features of the candidate planets in the near infrared, in order to reduce the speckles noise at the level of the stellar background noise, over a field of view comprised between the coronagraphic inner working angle and the outer working angle provided by the SPHERE extreme adaptive optic system (SAXO). The IFS allows then to realize an extensive spectroscopic simultaneous differential imaging calibration technique, and at least in few cases, to get the spectrum of the candidate extrasolar giant planets. Here we present the IFS baseline design, which is based upon a new optical concept we developed for its integral field unit (BIGRE). When applied to the technical specifications of SPHERE IFS, a BIGRE integral field unit is able to take into account all the effects appearing when integral field spectroscopy is used in diffraction limited conditions and for high-contrast imaging purposes. Finally a BIGRE-oriented IFS optical design is shown here to reach the requested high optical quality by standard lenses-based optical devices.
Application of Singular Value Decomposition to Restricted Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Variance Components

Abstract Smith and Graser have recently proposed an efficient algorithm for computing restricted maximum likelihood estimates of variance components in a class of mixed models. The procedure involves the application of Householder transformation to tridiagonalize the coefficient matrix of the mixed model equations, thus eliminating the need for direct matrix inversion. This technical note extends their computing algorithm and applies the singular value decomposition of the coefficient matrix such that restricted maximum likelihood estimation of variance components in a class of mixed models would become a computational triviality and require little computer time during iteration. A numerical example is given to illustrate the identity of singular value decomposition approach and direct matrix inversion approach of solving the mixed model equations.
Indonesian Maritime E-Leadership Training Towards a Digital-Based Marine Transportation System

In the era of digitalizing, a leader is needed who can provide clear direction and goals and understand digital development technology. The development of digital-based information systems in the transportation sector will have an impact on reducing logistics costs. For this reason, digital-based leadership is needed in all sectors, including the maritime sector. The purpose of this community service is to conduct Indonesian maritime e-leadership training toward a digital-based marine transportation system. The purpose of this e-leadership training is to increase knowledge of leadership ethos, increase leadership talents and interests, increase leadership creativity and reasoning power, and cultivate the spirit of community insight. Community service model in the form of training and service to the community. The training was carried out online and was attended by 531 students divided into 4 sessions, session I as many as 178 students, session II as many as 122 cadets, session 3 as many as 102 and session 4 as many as 129 cadets. The results of the service obtained that the benefits of Indonesia's maritime e-leadership training towards a digital-based marine transportation system are an increase in knowledge of leadership ethos, an increase in leadership talents and interests, an increase in leadership creativity and reasoning power, and fostering a spirit of community insight with an average answer of 73.04%, agreeing by 22.79% and disagreeing by 4.17%.
Macroeconomic Determinants of Private Sector Credit in Tanzania: 1991–2018

Tanzania has undertaken significant changes that have altered the role of macroeconomic variables in the financial sector during the past three decades. These include deregulation of interest rates, combating inflation and improving macroeconomic performance, and increasing access to credit by the private sector. In this context, our study aims to analyse the impact of macroeconomic variables on bank credit to the private sector using annual data spanning from 1991 to 2018; the period after financial sector reforms. After performing unit root test and co-integration tests, the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was applied to establish the dynamic long– run relationship between macroeconomic variables, namely, GDP, the lending rate, inflation and private sector credit. From the results, it can be seen that all these three macroeconomic variables have contributed positively towards bank credit growth in the Tanzanian economy. The co-integration and the error correction model estimation results also suggest that the macroeconomic variables had a long-run relationship with bank credit. The study findings call for policy makers to observe the behaviour of lending rates, inflation and economic growth to enhance credit demand and stimulate investment and growth.
CRMF: A fault localization approach based on class reduction and method call frequency

Identifying the location of faults in real‐world programs is one of the costly processes during software debugging. To reduce the debugging effort, various fault localization techniques have been proposed in recent years. Spectrum‐based fault localization (SBFL) is one kind of widely investigated fault localization technique. Most SBFL techniques first calculate the suspiciousness of program elements (such as statements, methods) to be faulty using the coverage information and execution results of tests. Then a rank list of program elements is generated according to their suspiciousness. However, some SBFL techniques only consider the binary coverage information (i.e., whether the program element is covered) but ignore some of the tests' running behaviors, such as the execution frequency when faults occur in the iteration entities or loop bodies, which are more likely to be faulty followed the propagation‐infection‐execution model. The execution frequency based techniques only replace the feature items of the existing formula limiting their effectiveness in fault localization. In this article, we propose a fault localization technique, class reduction and method call frequency (CRMF), which utilizes mutation analysis and information retrieval techniques. In particular, CRMF first uses mutation analysis to identify and reduce the classes, in which the program elements with a low probability of being faulty. Then we propose a new suspiciousness formula that applies information retrieval and considers method call frequency. To evaluate the effectiveness of CRMF, we conduct empirical studies on 264 real‐world programs from the Defects4J benchmark. Final results show that CRMF outperforms the statement frequency based technique FLSF and SBFL techniques (i.e., Ochiai, OP2, Tarantula, and Dstar) in both single‐fault programs and multiple‐fault programs. Specifically, CRMF can rank 29, 74, and 112 faults at the top 1, 3, 5 ranks and achieve a higher mean reciprocal rank for single‐fault programs and multiple‐fault programs. Finally, we discuss the essence of CRMF and analyze its effectiveness on multi‐fault programs in detail.
Geometry on Poincare Spaces.

A Poincare space is a topological space satisfying Poincare duality, as a compact manifold. This book explains how to perform, in the category of Poincare spaces, a certain number of geometric constructions which are usual in the world of manifolds (surgery, handle techniques, transversality, etc.). These constructions turn out to be useful in solving manifold problems, such as embeddings and group actions. This is the first book to be published on this subject. The methods are based on standard surgery theory and elementary homotopy arguments. "
Formation and shock impact history of the Csatalja ordinary chondrite

The analysis of the Csatalja H4 chondrite (which was found in August 2012) suggests shock‐related textures and spatial inhomogeneities, indicating a complex geological history. In the most heavily fractured and sheared units, small opaque grains and older fractures have locally enhanced the shock effect, producing melt. While the impact textures were evident in most units of the meteorite, mechanical shearing is apparent in only two units, suggesting that these units might have been present at somewhat different locations inside the parent body. Shearing also occurred at the border of the so‐called xenolith unit, confirming its mechanical mixing with the other units. Besides fragmentation and melting, chemical changes due to impact have also been identified, producing compositional homogenization of olivines in 30% of the investigated area of the sample's thin section (23 mm2), and moderate accumulation of Fe, Ca, and Na in the strongly shocked zones, initiating crystallization of feldspar in veins with a specific spatial distribution (feldspar glass with metal–sulfide globules). Analyzing the high P–T minerals, the peak shock pressure and temperature values differed substantially in the various units, ranging between 2 and 17 GPa, 100 and >1200 °C. The xenolith unit crystallized more slowly after the impact event and does not show shock impact alterations, suggesting that it was formed in a deeper region of the parent body. This was later shifted to its current surroundings and was lithified (fixed) to the rest of the sample. This “randomly selected” Csatalja sample provides information on the range of the formation temperatures, pressures, and processes that contributed to the heterogeneity of meteorites at the mm spatial scale, in general. The identified heterogeneity is a result not purely of the shock effects but also of the different pre‐shock structural characteristics. The shock also mixed fragments mechanically that have been formed at different environments, with at least several dozens or even 100 m depth in the parent body.
Robust Decentralized Dynamic State Estimation Considering Instrumentation Chain Anomalies

A decentralized method for estimating the interior states of a synchronous machine using analogue measurements from instrument transformers (that is, current transformer and potential transformer) has been proposed in this paper. The method is robust to instrumentation chain anomalies, which have not been considered in the existing dynamic state estimation literature. The method works in a two-step manner, wherein a robust adaptive detection scheme removes instrument transformer anomalies, harmonics, noise, and DC components, and estimates the phasors of the analogue measurements, and subsequently uses these estimated phasors in the decentralized dynamic state estimation algorithm. Robust and adaptive version of square-root-cubature-Kalman-filter has been employed to enhance estimation accuracy irrespective of the type of noise distribution. The superiority of the algorithm over existing methods has been established in terms of numerical accuracy, computational efficacy, and robustness. IEEE 68 bus power system has been used to test the effectiveness of the developed strategy. Opal-RT based setup has also been used to implement the case studies in real-time.
Randomized controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of soticlestat as adjunctive therapy in adults with complex regional pain syndrome

Abstract Objective The objective was to investigate the efficacy and safety of soticlestat as adjunctive therapy in participants with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Design A proof-of-concept phase 2a study, comprising a 15-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study (part A), and an optional 14-week open-label extension (part B). Methods Twenty-four participants (median age 44.5 years [range, 18–62 years]; 70.8% female) with chronic CRPS were randomized (2:1) to receive oral soticlestat or placebo. Soticlestat dosing started at 100 mg twice daily and was titrated up to 300 mg twice daily. In part B, soticlestat dosing started at 200 mg twice daily and was titrated up or down at the investigator’s discretion. Pain intensity scores using the 11-point Numeric Pain Scale (NPS) were collected daily. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-29, Patients’ Global Impression of Change (PGI-C), and CRPS Severity Score (CSS) were completed at screening and weeks 15 and 29. Results From baseline to week 15, soticlestat treatment was associated with a mean change in 24-hour pain intensity NPS score (95% confidence interval) of –0.75 (–1.55, 0.05) vs –0.41 (–1.41, 0.59) in the placebo group, resulting in a non-significant placebo-adjusted difference of –0.34 (–1.55, 0.88; P = .570). Statistically non-significant numerical changes were observed for the PROMIS-29, PGI-C, and CSS at weeks 15 and 29. Conclusions Adjunctive soticlestat treatment did not significantly reduce pain intensity in participants with chronic CRPS.
Existence Results and Finite Horizon Approximates for Infinite Horizon Optimization Problems

Existence is obtained under a growth condition on paths that are asymptotic to turnpikes whose growth rate equals or exceeds that of the discount rate. Finite horizon approximates, that are computationally tractable, are used t o obtain solutions that yield lower and upper bounds for the optimal value. The technique used is that of epi-convergence. The lower bound estimates come from smoothing out of the tails of the trajectories, and the upper bound estimates from trajectories that are tail station ary. Copyright 1987 by The Econometric Society.
Robust stabilizability of normalized coprime factors: The infinite-dimensional case

The problem of robustly stabilizing a linear system subject to H∞-bounded perturbations in the numerator and the denominator of its normalized left coprime factorization is considered for a class of infinite-dimensional systems. This class has possible unbounded, finite-rank input and output operators, which include many delay and distributed systems. The optimal stability margin is expressed in terms of the solutions of the control and filter algebraic Riccati equations.
Using Order Statistics to Estimate Confidence Intervals for Quantile-Based Risk Measures

This article shows how to apply the theory of order statistics to estimate confidence intervals for quantile-based risk measures, a class that includes the VaR, expected shortfall, and coherent, convex, and spectral risk measures. The proposed method can be applied to any parametric or nonparametric loss distribution, has a number of advantages relative to alternative methods of estimating confidence intervals for financial risk measures, and is straightforward to implement.
Barriers to the use of clinical practice guidelines: a qualitative study of Danish physiotherapists and chiropractors

Abstract Purpose Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Providing evidence-based practice (EBP) for patients with LBP is more cost-effective compared with non-EBP. To help health care professionals provide EBP, several clinical practice guidelines have been published. However, a relatively poor uptake of the guidelines has been identified across various countries. To enhance future implementation of EBP, the aim of this study was to explore barriers to using LBP guidelines in clinical practice. Materials and methods A qualitative constructivist grounded theory design was employed in order to gain an in-depth understanding of the barriers. Semi-structured interviews (+/− observations) of nine physiotherapists and nine chiropractors from primary care in the Central Denmark Region were conducted. Results Two key barriers were found to using guidelines in practice: (1) a scepticism due to doubts about validity and applicability of the guidelines, which emerged particularly among physiotherapists; and (2) a deep biomechanical professional identity, due to perceived role, interest, lack of skills, and patient preferences, which emerged particularly among chiropractors. Conclusions For guidelines to be better implemented in practice, these key barriers must be addressed in a tailored strategy. Furthermore, this study showed a difference in barriers between the two professions. Implications for Rehabilitation It is important that physiotherapists and chiropractors reflect on what constitutes their core task and professional identity if the implementation of the biopsychosocial model is to be successful. To overcome the barrier of scepticism towards guidelines, the applicability of the guidelines could be improved by elaborating on how the recommendations could be individualised. It is important to incorporate the biopsychosocial model into the programs of educational institutions and provide training to improve those skills in physiotherapists and chiropractors.
Assessment of Microbiological Quality of Different Types of Fruit & Soft Drinks Samples of Dhaka City

Fruit juice is widely consumed everywhere in the world because of its authentic taste and is popular among both adults and children. Several studies have been conducted on common juice available in Dhaka to detect the level of microbial contamination. Consequently, the current study was done to evaluate the microbiology of a total of 25 samples and compare drinks from three different categories (street vending, packaged drinks, and soft drinks) that were collected from various locations throughout the city of Dhaka. Among all the samples fresh juice samples were found to be highly contaminated with different microbes where the total viable bacterial count was within a range of 103 to 106 CFU/ml. However, other pathogenic microbes like E. coli, Pseudomonas spp. , Staphylococcus spp. , Vibrio spp. , and Salmonella spp. also present in fresh juice but were totally absent in other samples. The result indicates that street juice samples may be prepared under unhygienic environments and which may serve as a reservoir of various pathogenic bacteria. The study reveals that government should take necessary action to ensure public health safety. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.12 (1) 2022: 54-58
Knowledge and Technological Innovations in the Context of Tourists' Spending in OECD Countries

Tourism is one of those segments where the effect of implemented innovations tends to show relatively quickly. The presented study aims to assess the links between knowledge and technological innovation and tourists' spending in a sample of developed countries. To this end, the research relied on annual data (2010-2019) from selected OECD countries (n = 36). Data presenting the innovation potential (Knowledge & technology Global Innovation Index) of selected countries (knowledge creation, impact of knowledge, and knowledge diffusion) was included in the analyzes. Four indicators represented tourism: Business Tourism Spending, Leisure Tourism Spending, Domestic Tourism Spending, Visitor Exports - Foreign spending. The panel regression analysis showed that demonstrable links were proved only for some assumptions, while the identified effects acquired negative trajectories, i.e., in countries where higher tourist spending was identified, lower outputs of innovation activities in the examined areas can be expected. In addition, significant negative links were discovered between the indicators of the creation of knowledge and visitor exports, as well as the dissemination of knowledge and domestic tourism spending. For more accurate results, further analyzes and examinations of interconnections in a different country structure are needed.
Cooperative learning implementation to improve an achievements of students on science competition

The number of student achievements in competition is one indicator to see the quality of learning in a school. This study aims to see the extent to which the application of cooperative learning in improving students' ability to face physics olympiad and other competitions. The sample consisted of 12 students who were prepared to compete and were taken from 3 different grade levels namely 10th grade, 11th grade, and 12th grade in one of the State Madrasah Aliyah (MAN) in Bandar Lampung City. The 12 students were divided into 2: 6 students in the experimental class and 6 in the control class. The study used a type of Quasi Experiment with the design of One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Learning is done by applying three types of cooperative learning, namely Student Team Achievement Division (STAD), Jigsaw II type, and Teams Games Tournament (TGT) type with a total of 24 meetings. The results of the learning process are obtained from the results of the pre-test given to all students. In the pre-test, it was divided into 2 types, namely: Pre-test grub and Individual Pre-Test. Pre-Test grub is a test that answers questions quickly, precisely, and carefully. In the Pre-test grub, it is done by dividing 12 students into 4 grub (3 students/grub). Pre-Test grub is a simulation of LCT (Lomba Cepat Tepat). Pre-Test grub is an application of cooperative learning method type (TGT) which aims to train speed in answering questions correctly. Individual Pre-Test is Pre-Test which is done by giving students a question sheet to answer. Both types of Pre -Test are given 120 minutes each. After doing the Pre-Test, students test results were evaluated to find out the deficiencies in understanding. Furthermore, the re-learning process is given again in the form of repetition and reinforcement of material that is poorly understood before the Post-Test (grub and individual) is carried out. The results showed that there were differences in understanding the theory and test scores based on differences based on class level, the number of participants in learning activities, and the number of students practicing answering questions. The results of this study were then correlated with their achievements from the results of physics competitions at various events. The results showed that cooperative learning methods with 3 types, namely: type (STAD), type Jigsaw II, and type (TGT) can improve achievement in physics competitions. The conclusions of these results, obtained from the results of the scores on the grub or LCT competitions conducted at different times and places, and also from the results of the comparison of physics olympiad scores (individual competition). The results of this study show that the cooperative learning model has a positive impact on student achievement.