Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
2. Measures of Multigroup Segregation

In this paper we derive and evaluate measures of multigroup segregation. After describing four ways to conceptualize the measurement of multigroup segregation—as the disproportionality in group (e.g., race) proportions across organizational units (e.g., schools or census tracts), as the strength of association between nominal variables indexing group and organizational unit membership, as the ratio of between-unit diversity to total diversity, and as the weighted average of two-group segregation indices—we derive six multigroup segregation indices: a dissimilarity index (D), a Gini index (G), an information theory index (H), a squared coefficient of variation index (C), a relative diversity index (R), and a normalized exposure index (P). We evaluate these six indices against a set of seven desirable properties of segregation indices. We conclude that the information theory index H is the most conceptually and mathematically satisfactory index, since it alone obeys the principle of transfers in the multigroup case. Moreover, H is the only multigroup index that can be decomposed into a sum of between- and within-group components.
Derivatives of Pyridazine with Phenoxazine and 9,9-Dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine Donor Moieties Exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence

Two compounds based on pyridazine as the acceptor core and 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine or phenoxazine donor moieties were designed and synthesized by Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling reaction. The electronic, photophysical, and electrochemical properties of the compounds were studied by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), photoluminescence spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and cyclic voltammetry. The compounds are characterized by high thermal stabilities. Their 5% weight loss temperatures are 314 and 336 °C. Complete weight loss of both pyridazine-based compounds was detected by TGA, indicating sublimation. The derivative of pyridazine and 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine is capable of glass formation. Its glass transition temperature is 80 °C. The geometries and electronic characteristics of the compounds were substantiated using density functional theory (DFT). The compounds exhibited emission from the intramolecular charge transfer state manifested by positive solvatochromism. The emission in the range of 534–609 nm of the toluene solutions of the compounds is thermally activated delayed fluorescence with lifetimes of 93 and 143 ns, respectively.
Design, Modelling and Control of an Active Weight-Bearing Knee Exoskeleton with a Series Elastic Actuator

Knee disorders are a fundamental problem in modern society. For this reason, the design of medical devices, such as an orthosis to provide rehabilitation, is of great importance. However, no significant effort has been made to design and model a compliant, weight-bearing knee exoskeleton that is suitable for the day-to-day activities but also sports. This paper presents a device capable of reducing the load experienced by the impaired knee. Its series elastic actuator was modeled to aid in the selection of the elastic stiffness (150 kN/m) and test the controller which displayed adequate tracking performance with a maximum provided torque of about 6 Nm. On the other hand, the actuator should be optimized in the future to meet the high torque operation demanded by the simulated biped model.
The effect of surface layers on the spontaneous polarization of triglycine sulphate

The spontaneous polarization of the triglycine sulphate in the form of compressed powders with varying particle size has been measured from 0 to 55 degrees C, and it is very much lower than that expected for a polycrystalline sample. This, along with the evidence that spontaneous polarization decreases with the decreasing particle size, indicates that the surface layers may have lower values of spontaneous polarization than bulk material.
Almost Everywhere Convergence of Fourier Series on the Ring of Integers of a Local Field

It is shown that the partial sums of the Fourier series of $L^p (\mathfrak{D})$-functions $(p > 1)$ converge almost everywhere (a.e.), where $\mathfrak{D}$ is the ring of integers in a local field K. This includes the case where K is a p-adic number field as well as the case where $\mathfrak{D}$ is the Walsh–Paley or dyadic group $2^\omega $. The techniques are essentially those used by Carleson [2] in establishing the a.e. convergence of trigonometric Fourier series for $L^2 ( - \pi ,\pi )$-functions as modified by Hunt [4] to obtain this same result for $L^p ( - \pi ,\pi )$-functions, $p > 1$. The necessary modifications for the local field setting are made in the context of the Sally’Taibleson [7] development of harmonic analysis on local fields and by use of Taibleson’s multiplier theorem [11]. These same results for $2^\omega $ have already been obtained by Billiard $(L^2 (2^\omega ))$ [1] and by Sjolin $(L^p (2^\omega ))$, $p > 1$) [8]. Many advantages (in particular the non-Archimidean nature of th.
Electron affinities of Si, Ge, Sn and Pt by tunable laser photodetachment studies

The electron affinities of silicon, germanium, tin and platinum are measured by tunable laser photodetachment spectroscopy via detection of the neutral atomic species. The binding energy values obtained for and (electron configuration with n = 3 to 5) are and , respectively. The improvements in accuracy over the existing values in the literature for these three species lie between one and two orders of magnitude. The binding energy of the ground level of is found to be . This result is in relatively good agreement with the two existing results in the literature. Finally, the prospects for further studies of atomic negative ions are briefly discussed.
The steady state Townsend experiment: comparison of Boltzmann equation and diffusion equation analysis

A general solution of the diffusion equation corresponding to an idealised swarm experiment in infinite plane-parallel electrode geometry is given and the result is then specialised to the steady state Townsend experiment. The role of the 'dispersion relation' generated by the diffusion equation is discussed, and the physical meaning of its two zeros explored. It is found that the smaller zero generally allows adequate representation of the electron density distribution downstream of the source, but the larger zero must be found from the full Boltzmann eigenvalue equation in order that the upstream region be represented even qualitatively correctly. The results of a numerical calculation for electrons in water vapour are presented. The procedure adopted by Tagashira et al (1994) to obviate this difficulty is discussed.
On the Puiseux Series Expansion of the Limit Discount Equation of Stochastic Games

In this paper we give a new proof of the existence of Puiseux series expansion of the limit discount equation of finite state stochastic games. Unlike the original proof, due to Bewley and Kohlberg [ Math. Oper. Res., 3 (1976), pp. 197--208], our proof is not algebraic and does not invoke Tarski's principle. Instead we use only the theory of functions of complex variables and complex analytic varieties.
All-optical bistable switching based on photonic crystal slab nanocavity using nonlinear Kerr effect

In this paper, we propose all-optical bistable switching based on a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal slab nanocavity using the nonlinear Kerr effect with improved optical properties such as on/off ratio and switching power. The nonlinear properties of different kinds of nanocavity-based L3 structures are characterized. Using the 2D finite-difference time-domain method, we present a new structure of nanocavities for all-optical switching. The device has on/off ratio greater than 15 dB and power smaller than 375 mW for input optical pulses in the range of picoseconds.
The Euclidean distance classifier: an alternative to the linear discriminant function

The sample linear discriminant function (LDF) is known to perform poorly when the number of features p is large relative to the size of the training samples, A simple and rarely applied alternative to the sample LDF is the sample Euclidean distance classifier (EDC). Raudys and Pikelis (1980) have compared the sample LDF with three other discriminant functions, including thesample EDC, when classifying individuals from two spherical normal populations. They have concluded that the sample EDC outperforms the sample LDF when p is large relative to the training sample size. This paper derives conditions for which the two classifiers are equivalent when all parameters are known and employs a Monte Carlo simulation to compare the sample EDC with the sample LDF no only for the spherical normal case but also for several nonspherical parameter configurations. Fo many practical situations, the sample EDC performs as well as or superior to the sample LDF, even for nonspherical covariance configurations.
Energy Homeostasis-Associated (Enho) mRNA Expression and Energy Homeostasis in the Acute Stress Versus Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Rat Models

The energy homeostasis-associated (Enho) gene, the transcript for the Adropin peptide, is usually linked to energy homeostasis, adiposity, glycemia, and insulin resistance. Studies on Enho expression in stressful conditions are lacking. This work aimed to investigate Enho mRNA expression and energy homeostasis in acute stress (AS) versus chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat models. A total of thirty male Wistar rats (180–220 g) were fed a balanced diet with free access to water. Rats were divided into three equal groups (n = 10): (a) the normal control (NC) group; (b) the AS group, where one episode of stress for 2 h was applied; and (c) the CUMS group, in which rats were exposed to a variable program of mild stressors for 4 weeks. Energy homeostasis was analyzed by the PhenoMaster system for the automatic measuring of food intake (FI), respiratory O2 volume (VO2), CO2 volume (VCO2), respiratory quotient (RQ), and total energy expenditure (TEE). Finally, liver, whole brain, and adipose (WAT) tissue samples were collected, total RNA was prepared, and RT-PCR analysis of the Enho gene was performed. The CUMS group showed higher VO2 consumption and VCO2 production, and a higher RQ than the AS group. Furthermore, the TEE and FI were higher in the CUMS group compared to the AS group. Enho gene expression in the liver, brain, and WAT was significantly higher in the CUMS group than in the AS and NC groups. We can conclude that in the chew-fed AS rats, hypophagia was evident, with a shift in the RQ toward fat utilization, with no changes in body weight despite the increase in Enho mRNA expression in all studied tissues. In the CUMS group, the marked rise in Enho mRNA expression may have contributed to weight loss despite increased FI and TEE.
A Low-Power Radiation Detection SoC With Neural Network Accelerator for Radioisotope Identification

This work presents a low-power radiation detection and radioisotope identification System on Chip (SoC) featuring mixed-signal sensory electronics and on-chip neural network (NN) acceleration hardware. The chip electronics form a multichannel analyzer (MCA) to process the signal from an external radiation detector and produce an energy spectrum of the incoming radiation detections. The NN hardware accelerator then provides a novel means of using the spectrum to perform radioisotope identification. The chip is, thus, able to determine which radioisotopes are present in the radiation source. An on-chip 32-bit microcontroller (MCU) configures the analog front-end (AFE) electronics, oversees the NN hardware, and provides an interface to retrieve the histogram and NN data. The chip is fabricated on a 65-nm CMOS technology and consumes 8.8 mW while acquiring a histogram. In the tested configuration, the radioisotope identification NN takes <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$694~\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to execute, consuming <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.94~\mu \text{J}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of energy and using 13.8 kB of RAM in the process. After training, the system correctly identified which isotopes were present in all histograms in a test set composed of combinations of four trained isotopes.
Vertical autofocus for the phase screen in a turbulent ionosphere

The performance of spaceborne synthetic aperture radars (SARs) is affected by the Earth’s ionosphere. In particular, the ionospheric turbulence causes phase perturbations of the SAR signals, which may lead to image distortions. A convenient way to model those phase perturbations is by means of a phase screen. The latter is an infinitesimally thin layer positioned at a certain elevation above the Earth’s surface. The radar signal acquires an instant perturbation once its trajectory intersects the screen. The trajectory is a ray between the antenna and the target, and the magnitude of the perturbation is equal to the screen density at the intersection point. The density is a bivariate function of the coordinates along the screen. The coordinates of a specific intersection point are determined by the ray itself, as well as the screen elevation. Thus, the magnitude of the phase perturbation explicitly depends on the screen elevation. Accordingly, to compensate for the resulting image distortions one should be able to determine the elevation of the screen. In the paper, we develop an algorithm of vertical autofocus that derives this elevation from the received SAR data, given a pair of point scatterers in the target area. The proposed algorithm exploits a modification of the coherent interferometric imaging that was previously employed to reduce the effect of phase errors due to the trajectory uncertainty. In our analysis, we highlight the differences between this case and transionospheric propagation.
Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Robotic Manufacturing Technological Interoperability in Construction – A Cyclic Systematic Literature Review

The architectural engineering and construction (AEC) industry is undergoing a digital transformation that progressively improves its performance, productivity, and competitiveness. This digital shift is accelerated through building information modeling (BIM) which facilitates technological integrations. BIM has significantly contributed to digitizing design and management activities. However, it has not yet sufficiently demonstrated its interoperability with digital manufacturing processes, such as robotic manufacturing (RM). It is from this perspective that this work will review the current literature’s stance on the technological interoperability of BIM and RM tools through the systematic literature review (SLR) method. This literature review aims to identify research avenues to operationalize RM through BIM tools in construction. The study conducted in this research is progressive; it builds on the identified research gaps and investigates potential research avenues to be undertaken. The results revealed that computational design (CD) could serve as a bridge between BIM and RM. They also revealed that RM is operationalizable in off-site construction (OSC) through BIM and CD.
A higher order theory for compressible turbulent boundary layers at moderately large Reynolds number

A higher order theory for two-dimensional turbulent boundary-layer flow of a compressible fluid past a plane wall is formulated, for moderately large values of the Reynolds number, by the method of matched asymptotic expansions. The parameters (γ − 1) M2∞ and the molecular Prandtl number are assumed to be of order unity. The analysis deals with the set of Reynolds equations of mean motion (which are underdetermined without an additional set of closure hypotheses) and assumes that the non-dimensional fluctuations in velocity, temperature and density are of order U*, (friction velocity divided by free-stream velocity a t some designation point), while fluctuations in pressure are of order U2*. The first-order results of the present study lead to asymptotic laws for velocity and temperature distributions which correspond to the law of the wall, logarithmic law and defect law, and also to skin friction and heat-transfer laws. It turns out that the first-order defect law depends upon the gradient of entropy and stagnation enthalpy and the law of the wall is independent of viscous dissipation. The second-order terms of the present work (accounting for mean convection due to turbulent mass flux, viscous dissipation in the inner flow and displacement effects in the outer flow) describe the necessary corrections to first-order terms due to low Reynolds number effects. In the overlap region the second-order results, for the law of the wall and the defect law, show bilogarithmic terms along with logarithmic terms.
Immunotherapy with Cleavage-Specific 12A12mAb Reduces the Tau Cleavage in Visual Cortex and Improves Visuo-Spatial Recognition Memory in Tg2576 AD Mouse Model

Tau-targeted immunotherapy is a promising approach for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Beyond cognitive decline, AD features visual deficits consistent with the manifestation of Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the eyes and higher visual centers, both in animal models and affected subjects. We reported that 12A12—a monoclonal cleavage-specific antibody (mAb) which in vivo neutralizes the neurotoxic, N-terminal 20–22 kDa tau fragment(s)–significantly reduces the retinal accumulation in Tg(HuAPP695Swe)2576 mice of both tau and APP/Aβ pathologies correlated with local inflammation and synaptic deterioration. Here, we report the occurrence of N-terminal tau cleavage in the primary visual cortex (V1 area) and the beneficial effect of 12A12mAb treatment on phenotype-associated visuo-spatial deficits in this AD animal model. We found out that non-invasive administration of 12 A12mAb markedly reduced the pathological accumulation of both truncated tau and Aβ in the V1 area, correlated to significant improvement in visual recognition memory performance along with local increase in two direct readouts of cortical synaptic plasticity, including the dendritic spine density and the expression level of activity-regulated cytoskeleton protein Arc/Arg3.1. Translation of these findings to clinical therapeutic interventions could offer an innovative tau-directed opportunity to delay or halt the visual impairments occurring during AD progression
Aircraft Observations and Numerical Simulations of the Developing Stage of a Southerly Surge near Southern California

AbstractSummertime low-level winds in the marine boundary layer off the California coast are predominantly from the north. This pattern is interrupted periodically by southerly winds and low stratus that can propagate for hundreds of kilometers northward along the coast. These events have been termed coastally trapped disturbances, coastally trapped wind reversals, and southerly surges; their forcing has been the subject of extensive study and debate. Southerly surges remain difficult to forecast, yet have a significant impact on coastal activities.The beginning stage of a southerly surge on 16 June 2012 was explored during the Precision Atmospheric Marine Boundary Layer Experiment. Measurements of the horizontal wind and pressure field in the marine layer offshore from Cape Arguello hours prior to the onset of the surge were made using the University of Wyoming King Air research aircraft. Airborne measurements show that a horizontal pressure field is established with higher pressure to the south just pri.
The Impact of Testimony Journalism on Audience Engagement: An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Point of View

ABSTRACT New modes of journalism, such as testimony journalism, use the first-person to let members of marginalized communities tell their stories in their own words and increase the audience’s affinity with them. However, the assumption that this strategy fosters audience affinity has not been empirically investigated. We build on findings from media psychology, demonstrating that the point of view (POV) from which a narrative is told affects engagement with the narrative and persuasion, and apply these insights to journalism studies and news reports. Using a factorial design in an online experiment (n = 924), we examined the effect of POV in a newspaper article on the experience of social presence of the article’s protagonist, identification with him and attitude changes. As hypothesized, social presence was significantly stronger when reading a first-person article than a third-person article. Moreover, social presence mediated the effect of POV on identification. POV also indirectly affected support for policy and behavioral intentions through the mediation of social presence and identification. The findings suggest that the first-person POV heightens the experience of a real interaction with the protagonist. This effect occurs even when the first-person POV testimonial is part of a newspaper article written by a journalist.
A Review on Autonomic Functional Assessment in Diabetic Patients

In today's world, science has progressed significantly, yet most people are still unaware of diabetes. Lack of obesity, physical work, and lifestyle changes are the main factors. Diabetes is becoming more common all around the globe. Type 2 diabetes may go unnoticed for years, resulting in serious consequences and high healthcare expenses. The goal of this study is to look at a wide range of studies in which the autonomic function of diabetic people has been studied with the help of various autonomic function tests (AFTs). AFT is a non-invasive approach to assessing patients for testing sympathetic and parasympathetic responses to stimuli. AFT findings give us comprehensive knowledge of the autonomic physiology reactions in normal and in autonomic diseases like diabetes. This review will concentrate on AFTs that are scientifically valid, trustworthy, and clinically beneficial, according to experts.
Selecting Embedded Feature Modeling with Software Product Line for Smart Home Applications

Internet of Things (IoT) for environmental applications such as smart homes, campuses, cities, and health care systems are used to connect various wireless devices. Despite the use of the same devices, the reusability of these applications enables developers and software engineers to make enhancements to the development process according to the requirements of end users. However, the large number of variations in IoT technologies makes it hard for the developers or software engineers to select the default features in each application because of compatibility issues among devices. In this paper, Software Product Line (SPL) approach is proposed to design and manage the variabilities and commonalities among smart home applications. An embedded feature selection mechanism is proposed to classify the services by selecting the optimal subset feature. The selected subset features are those that are highly correlated and consistent with other features. The dataset is generated using open smart home simulator (OpenSHS) for daily activities within the virtual environment. The subset of features is evaluated by the level of consistency in each service. Weka data mining tool is used to find the classifier such as Bayes network and decision table which achieve the best accuracies on the dataset obtained in order to support services for residents in smart home applications. The approach adopted is based on a set of predefined performance metrics in order to compare the results for each classifier in terms of its ability to classify the services. It has been found that the Bayes network achieves an accuracy over 84.0% while the decision table achieved an accuracy over 83.0%.