Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Poor Agreement Between Imaging and Histologic and Colonoscopy Findings in Pediatric Patients

Background: Computed tomography scans (CTs), more recently magnetic resonance imaging, are often used to assess the gastrointestinal tract in patients complaining of abdominal pain. We aim to determine the strength of agreement among abdominal imaging, endoscopic, and histologic findings. Methods: Retrospective chart review of pediatric patients who underwent colonoscopy between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2014, at Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo. Patients who had abdominal and pelvic CTs or magnetic resonance imaging within 30 days before or after a colonoscopy were included. Results: One hundred two patients were included: mean age 12.7 ± 3.8 years, 66% girls. A total of 109 imaging studies were performed. Overall 61% of imaging studies were abnormal. The most frequent intestinal radiological findings were colonic wall thickening (CWT) (55%) and colonic wall enhancement (CWH) (24%). Free fluid (20%) and fat stranding (18%) were the most common extra-intestinal findings. Imaging studies agreed with histology in 81% and with colonoscopy in 75% with a moderate strength of agreement (k: 0.59 and 0.466, respectively). CWT agreed with histology in 74% with a moderate strength of agreement (k: 0.47). History of weight loss (OR 5.35, P = 0.041), chronic diarrhea (OR 4.22, P = 0.014), a positive lactoferrin (OR 7.00, P = 0.011), and presence of CWT on imaging study (OR 5.20, P = 0.001) were predictive of having abnormal histology. Conclusions: The strength of agreement among imaging, endoscopic, and histologic findings was suboptimal. Colonoscopy and imaging are both likely to be necessary in patients with suspected inflammatory bowel disease. Although colonoscopy may be superior in diagnosis of colitis, imaging may provide more information regarding small bowel disease.
EVALUATION OF THE ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTO-TOXIC ACTIVITIES OF THE STEM-BARK OF LIMONIA ACIDISSIMA (FAMILY: RUTACEAE)

Limonia acidissima (Family: Rutaceae.) is an important medicinal plant having applications in various disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-oxidant and cyto-toxic activities of the stem-bark of Limonia acidissima (Family: Rutaceae.) The stem bark of the plant Limonia acidissima was sun dried and extracted using methanol. Later the crude methanolic extract was fractionated into two different solvents using Petroleum ether and chloroform. The anti-oxidant activity of the different fractions was measured by the DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The chloroform soluble fractions showed very potent anti-oxidant activity by the DPPH free radical scavenging method. Evaluation of cyto-toxic activity was done using the brine-shrimp lethality bio-assay. The petroleum ether soluble fraction soluble fractions showed significant cyto-toxic potential with LC50 values of 0.2779 μg/ml.
Effects of aridity in controlling the magnitude of runoff and erosion after wildfire

This study represents a uniquely high‐resolution observation of postwildfire runoff and erosion from dry forested uplands of SE Australia. We monitored runoff and sediment load, and temporal changes in soil surface properties from two (0.2–0.3 ha) dry forested catchments burned during the 2009 Black Saturday wildfire. Event‐based surface runoff to rainfall ratios approached 0.45 during the first year postwildfire, compared to reported values <0.01 for less arid hillslopes. Extremely high runoff ratios in these dry forests were attributed to wildfire‐induced soil water repellency and inherently low hydraulic conductivity. Mean ponded hydraulic conductivity ranged from 3 to 29 mm h−1, much lower than values commonly reported for wetter forest. Annual sediment yields peaked at 10 t ha−1 during the first year before declining dramatically to background levels, suggesting high‐magnitude erosion processes may become limited by sediment availability on hillslopes. Small differences in aridity between equatorial and polar‐facing catchments produced substantial differences in surface runoff and erosion, most likely due to higher infiltration and surface roughness on polar‐facing slopes. In summary, the results show that postwildfire erosion processes in Eucalypt forests in south‐east Australia are highly variable and that distinctive response domains within the region exist between different forest types, therefore regional generalizations are problematic. The large differences in erosion processes with relatively small changes in aridity have large implications for predicting hydrologic‐driven geomorphic changes, land degradation, and water contamination through erosion after wildfire across the landscape.
Arabic Short Text Compression

Problem statement: Text compression permits representing a document by using less space. This is useful not only to save disk space, but more importantly, to save disk transfer and network transmission time. With the continues increase in the number of Arabic short text messages sent by mobile phones, the use of a suitable compression scheme would allow users to use more characters than the default value specified by the provider. The development of an efficient compression scheme to compress short Arabic texts is not a straight forward task. Approach: This study combined the benefits of pre-processing, entropy reduction through splitting files and hybrid dynamic coding: A new technique proposed in this study that uses the fact that Arabic texts have single case letters. Experimental tests had been performed on short Arabic texts and a comparison with the well known plain Huffman compression was made to measure the performance of the proposed schema for Arabic short text. Results: The proposed schema can achieve a compression ratio around 4.6 bits byte-1 for very short Arabic text sequences of 15 bytes and around 4 bits byte-1 for 50 bytes text sequences, using only 8 Kbytes overhead of memory. Conclusion: Furthermore, a reasonable compression ratio can be achieved using less than 0.4 KB of memory overhead. We recommended the use of proposed schema to compress small Arabic text with recourses limited.
Roles of DSCC1 and GINS1 in gastric cancer

Gastric carcinoma is a common malignant tumor originating from gastric mucosal epithelium. However, role of DS-cell cycle-dependent protein 1 (DSCC1) and GINS1 in gastric carcinoma remains unclear. The gastric carcinoma datasets GSE79973 and GSE118916 were downloaded from gene expression omnibus. Multiple datasets were merged and batched. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed. Functional enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis and immune infiltration analysis were performed. Construction and analysis of protein-protein interaction Network. Survival analysis and comparative toxicogenomics database were performed. A heat map of gene expression was drawn. Target Scan screen miRNAs regulating DEGs. Two thousand forty-four DEGs were identified. According to gene ontology analysis, in biological process, they were mainly enriched in cell migration, transforming growth factor β receptor signaling pathway, angiogenesis, and steroid metabolism process. In cellular component, they were mainly enriched in extracellular vesicles, basement membrane, endoplasmic reticulum lumen, and extracellular space. In molecular function, they focused on extracellular matrix structural components, protein binding, platelet-derived growth factor binding, and catalytic activity. In Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, they were mainly enriched in protein digestion and absorption, metabolic pathways, fatty acid degradation, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in transforming growth factor β receptor signaling pathway, steroid metabolism process, basement membrane, endoplasmic reticulum lumen, structural components of extracellular matrix, platelet-derived growth factor binding, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism. The results of immune infiltration analysis showed that expression of T cell CD4 memory resting was lower in the samples of gastric cancer. The core genes (TRIP13, CHEK1, DSCC1, GINS1) are protective factors, their expression shows a downward trend with increase of risk score. Comparative toxicogenomics database analysis showed that TRIP13, CHEK1, DSCC1, GINS1 were related to gastric tumors, gastric diseases, tumors, inflammation, and necrosis. DSCC1 and GINS1 are highly expressed in gastric cancer. Higher expression levels of DSCC1 and GINS1, worse the prognosis.
Application of weather generator for environmental parameters estimation for upper indus basin

The major source of water for Indus basin is snowmelt runoff from the northern areas of Pakistan. The agricultural and hydropower is mainly dependent on the snowmelt runoff. The temperature is the major parameter responsible for the snowmelt and precipitation is source of snowfall and rainfall runoff. For better management and planning of water resources of the country, the prediction of environmental parameters is of great important. The stochastic model is used for generation of weather parameters. The LARS-WG model was applied in northern areas for prediction of minimum, maximum parameter and rainfall. The model was tested using different statistical tests such as F-test, T-test, Mann-Whitney test and Levene's test for climate parameters assessment on different time scales. This attempt was made first time in Pakistan, and it will help the researcher to use stochastic techniques effectively for planning and management of water resources in the country.
Effect of comfort theory-based nursing care on pain and comfort in women undergoing hysterosalpingography: a randomized controlled trial

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the effect of comfort theory-based nursing care on pain and comfort in women undergoing hysterosalpingography. METHODS: This randomized control trial was conducted on 126 women (42 in each intervention and control group). Virtual reality glasses group (n=42), mobile-assisted education group (n=42), and control group (n=42). The control group received only routine care. Comfort levels were evaluated at the beginning and end of the study using the General Comfort Scale and pain levels evaluated at the beginning and end of the study using the Visual Analog Scale. RESULTS: The comfort theory-based nursing care (virtual reality glasses and mobile-assisted education group) was effective in increasing women's comfort with painful invasive procedures such as hysterosalpingography and reducing pain. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that a nurse be present in the hysterosalpingography process, providing nursing care services continuously and introducing this program to working nurses. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT04676932.
Kinesin superfamily member KIFC2 as an independent prognostic biomarker of colon adenocarcinoma associated with poor immune response

Clinical outcomes of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) exhibit heterogeneity among different patients, highlighting the need for novel prognostic biomarkers. Kinesin superfamily members have been shown to play a crucial role in tumors and can predict cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, the role of kinesin family member C2 (KIFC2) in tumors, particularly its prognostic value in COAD, remains poorly understood. Our bioinformatics analysis of the cancer genome atlas and GEO databases revealed significantly higher expression of KIFC2 in COAD, correlating with a worse prognosis in the cancer genome atlas-COAD and GSE17536 cohorts. Additionally, differentially expressed genes in COAD were enriched in immune-related pathways, and patients with higher KIFC2 expression showed fewer activated CD4 + T cells. These findings suggest KIFC2 as a potential prognostic biomarker for COAD, warranting further validation in clinical studies.
Difficult airway code activation for emergency endotracheal intubation outside the operating room in a tertiary care university hospital of Thailand: A single-center retrospective observational study

Emergency airway management outside the operating room (OR) is a higher risk procedure as compared to the OR setting. Inappropriate airway management leading to complications, including pulmonary aspiration, dental trauma, esophageal intubation, prolonged recovery, unplanned intensive care unit admission and death. The emergency difficult airway management team of Siriraj hospital has been established since 2018 under the name of Code-D delta. The aim of this study is to determine the rate of Code D-delta activation, the performance of the code, the complications and outcome of the patients. This is a single-centered, observational, and retrospective study included all adult patient who was emergency intubated outside the OR between July and November 2020. The criteria for code D-delta activation included failed intubation for more than 2 attempts and suspected difficult intubation. The collected data were categorized into Code D-delta activation and non-activation group. The primary outcome was a frequency of Code D-delta activation. The demographic data, ward and indication of activation, intubation process, the complications of intubation were also collected and analyzed. During the study period, 247 patients with 307 intubations were included. The incidence of code D-delta activation was 8.14%. Regarding indication of activation, failed intubation more than 2 attempts was 40%, while suspected difficult intubation was 92%. Respiratory failure was the highest main diagnosis at 36%. The highest rate of activation was from medicine ward (60%), followed by surgery ward (16%) and emergency department (16%). Regarding the code responses and intubation performance, 7 and 10 minutes were the median time from call to scene in- and out- of official hours. The success rate of intubation at scene by code D-delta team was 85%. The airway and other complications were comparable between groups. This is the first study about emergency difficult airway management team in university hospital of Thailand. This study showed the rate of Code-D delta activation, the emergency airway management code, was 8.14% with the success rate of 85% at scene. Emergency airway management outside the operating room is particularly challenging. Airway assessment, planning, decision making of the team relevant to the patients outcomes.
Structure from motion photogrammetry in physical geography

Accurate, precise and rapid acquisition of topographic data is fundamental to many sub-disciplines of physical geography. Technological developments over the past few decades have made fully distributed data sets of centimetric resolution and accuracy commonplace, yet the emergence of Structure from Motion (SfM) with Multi-View Stereo (MVS) in recent years has revolutionised three-dimensional topographic surveys in physical geography by democratising data collection and processing. SfM-MVS originates from the fields of computer vision and photogrammetry, requires minimal expensive equipment or specialist expertise and, under certain conditions, can produce point clouds of comparable quality to existing survey methods (e.g. Terrestrial Laser Scanning). Consequently, applications of SfM-MVS in physical geography have multiplied rapidly. There are many practical options available to physical geographers when planning a SfM-MVS survey (e.g. platforms, cameras, software), yet, many SfM-MVS end-users are uncertain as to the errors associated with each choice and, perhaps most fundamentally, the processes actually taking place as part of the SfM-MVS workflow. This paper details the typical workflow applied by SfM-MVS software packages, reviews practical details of implementing SfM-MVS, combines existing validation studies to assess practically achievable data quality and reviews the range of applications of SfM-MVS in physical geography. The flexibility of the SfM-MVS approach complicates attempts to validate SfM-MVS robustly as each individual validation study will use a different approach (e.g. platform, camera, georeferencing method, etc.). We highlight the need for greater transparency in SfM-MVS processing and enhanced ability to adjust parameters that determine survey quality. Looking forwards, future prospects of SfM-MVS in physical geography are identified through discussion of more recent developments in the fields of image analysis and computer vision.
Prosper or beggar thy neighbour: Industrial policy effect of free trade zones

Firms that stand to gain from the institutional framework of a free trade zone (FTZ) usually opt for locations in the FTZ region where they could expect higher returns on investment. This concentration of industries in FTZs can result in a reallocation of productivity, potentially leading to the “hollowing out” effect in existing industries, which can have a beggar-thy-neighbour effect on regional growth. Over the long term, the outcome, whether it leads to prosperity or detriment, hinges on the delicate balance between the immediate static loss associated with resource reallocation and the dynamic gains based on traditional manufacturing sector’s growth along the evolving FTZ environment.
Targeted randomization dose optimization trials enable fractional dosing of scarce drugs

Administering drug at a dose lower than that used in pivotal clinical trials, known as fractional dosing, can stretch scarce resources. Implementing fractional dosing with confidence requires understanding a drug’s dose-response relationship. Clinical trials aimed at describing dose-response in scarce, efficacious drugs risk underdosing, leading dose-finding trials to not be pursued despite their obvious potential benefit. We developed a new set of response-adaptive randomized dose-finding trials and demonstrate, in a series of simulated trials across diverse dose-response curves, these designs’ efficiency in identifying the minimum dose that achieves satisfactory efficacy. Compared to conventional designs, these trials have higher probabilities of identifying lower doses while reducing the risks of both population- and subject-level underdosing. We strongly recommend that, upon demonstration of a drug’s efficacy, pandemic drug development swiftly proceeds with response-adaptive dose-finding trials. This unified strategy ensures that scarce effective drugs produce maximum social benefits.
Prenatal diagnosis of 7q11.23 microdeletion: Two cases report and literature review

Rationale: Chromosome microdeletions within 7q11.23 can result in Williams-Beuren syndrome which is a rare autosomal dominant disorder. Williams-Beuren syndrome is usually associated with developmental delay, cardiovascular anomalies, mental retardation, and characteristic facial appearance. Patient concerns: Two pregnant women underwent amniocentesis for cytogenetic analysis and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) because of abnormal ultrasound findings. Case 1 presented subependymal cyst and case 2 presented intrauterine growth restriction, persistent left superior vena cava and pericardial effusion in clinical ultrasound examination. Diagnoses: Cytogenetic examination showed that the 2 fetuses presented normal karyotypic results. CMA detected 1.536 Mb (case 1) and 1.409 Mb (case 2) microdeletions in the region of 7q11.23 separately. Interventions: Both couples opted for the termination of pregnancies based upon genetic counseling. Outcomes: The deleted region in both fetuses overlapped with Williams-Beuren syndrome. To our knowledge, case 1 was the first reported fetus of Williams-Beuren syndrome with subependymal cyst. Lessons: The genotype-phenotype of Williams-Beuren syndrome is complicated due to the phenotypic diversity. For prenatal cases, clinicians should consider the combination of ultrasonography, traditional cytogenetic, and molecular diagnosis technology when genetic counseling.
Crust and uppermost mantle beneath the North China Craton, northeastern China, and the Sea of Japan from ambient noise tomography

[1] A 3-D shear velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle to a depth of 100 km is presented beneath the North China Craton (NCC), northeastern China, the Korean Peninsula, and the Sea of Japan. Ambient noise Rayleigh wave tomography is applied to data from more than 300 broadband seismic stations from Chinese provincial networks (CEArray), the Japanese F-Net, and the IRIS Global Seismic Network. Continuous data from 2007 to 2009 are used to produce group and phase velocity maps from 8 s to 45 s periods. The model is motivated to constrain the distributed intraplate volcanism, crustal extension, cratonic rejuvenation, and lithospheric thinning that are hypothesized for the study region. Numerous robust features are observed that impose new constraints on the geometry of these processes, but discussion concentrates only on four. (1) The North-South Gravity Lineament follows the ∼40 km contour in crustal thickness, and crustal thickness is anticorrelated with water depth beneath the Sea of Japan, consistent with crustal isostasy for a crust with laterally variable composition. (2) The lithosphere is thin (∼70 km) beneath the Songliao-Bohai Graben but seismically fast. (3) Even thinner more attenuated lithosphere bounds three sides of the eastern NCC (in a horseshoe shape), identifying a region of particularly intense tectonothermal modification where lithospheric rejuvenation may have reached nearly to the base of the crust. (4) Low-velocity anomalies reach upward (in a Y shape) in the mantle beneath the eastern and western borders of the Sea of Japan, extending well into continental East Asia in the west, and are separated by a ∼60 km thick lithosphere beneath the central Sea of Japan. This anomaly may reflect relatively shallow slab dehydration in the east and in the west may reflect deeper dehydration and convective circulation in the mantle wedge overlying the stagnant slab.
Prevalence of burnout and practice-related risk factors among Saudi Board dental residents using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory: A survey-based cross-sectional study

Occupational burnout is a chronic psychological problem affecting professionals. The aim of this study was to assess the types and categories of burnout among Saudi Dental board residents at different levels of residency in different provinces of Saudi Arabia, using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Questionnaires were sent to 170 Saudi Dental board residents via Email and WhatsApp. at various training centers in Saudi Arabia, in May 2022. A part of the questionnaire covered the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants such as gender, training level or center, number of working sessions or hours per week and day, dental speciality, and marital status. The second part consisted of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory survey with 21 questions. Only 110 participants returned the answered questions. The overall significant type of burnout was present in 46.3% of the respondents while 53.7%, were for free or minimal burnout. Personal, work-related, and patient-related burnout recorded 62%/38%; 40% to 60%, and 60%:40% for free or minimal to significant burnout. The overall burnout types of values were equal in both gender as well as training levels with no significant differences and P-values ≤ . 05. Burnout values were close to each other among the participants in different specialties, except for orthodontics residents which were the least. Analysis of variance, followed by chi-square tests showed a significant difference among participants in different specialties in type and categories of burnout with P-values between . 002 to . 029. Finally, the burnout value was higher among married participants. Overall burnout types were marginally similar between genders and training levels, while the significant was slightly higher in females, married, highest training level, restorative, and prosthodontic speciality participants.