Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of exchange nailing and plate augmentation over a retained intramedullary nail in aseptic oligotrophic and atrophic femoral shaft pseudoarthrosis

Objectives This study aims to evaluate the success of plate augmentation over a retained intramedullary nail (IMN) against exchange nailing performed with autologous bone grafting in oligotrophic and atrophic pseudoarthrosis of the femoral shaft. Patients and methods Between May 2005 and October 2020, a total of 42 of 56 patients (28 males, 14 females; mean age: 47.3±17.2 years; range, 19 to 84 years) with aseptic atrophic or oligotrophic femoral nonunion were retrospectively analyzed. The patients, 20 were operated with plate over a retained IMN, and the rest (n=22) by exchange nailing. Data including demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, treatment success, duration of surgery, blood loss during surgery, infection rates, length of hospital stay, time to bridging of the nonunion site, and time to obliteration of the fracture line (solid union) were recorded. Results The mean follow-up was 23.8±20.4 (range, 12 to 96) months in the plate over an IMN group and 34.7±27.4 (range, 12 to 90) months in the exchange nailing group. At the final follow-up, solid union occurred in all of the patients in the plate augmentation over a retained IMN group, and 21 of 22 (95.45%) patients in the exchange nailing group. Blood loss during surgery was significantly less in the plate augmentation over IMN group (p=0.027). There was no statistically significant difference in the other variables between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion Our study results demonstrate that plate over a retained IMN is effective as exchange nailing in the surgical treatment of oligotrophic and atrophic pseudoarthrosis of the femoral shaft. However, it can be speculated that plate application over IMN is more advantageous in terms of blood loss during surgery.
Reflectionless eigenstates of the sech2 potential

The one-dimensional potential well V(x)=−(ℏ2ν(ν+1)∕2ma2)sech2(x∕a) does not reflect waves of any energy when ν is a positive integer. We show that in this reflectionless case the solutions of Schrodinger’s equation can be expressed in terms of elementary functions. Wave packets can be constructed from these energy eigenstates, and the propagation of such wave packets through the potential region can be studied analytically. We find that the group velocity of a particular packet can substantially exceed the group velocity of a free-space Gaussian packet. The bound states of the potential can also be expressed in terms of elementary functions when ν is an integer. The special properties of the integer ν potentials are associated with critical binding.
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme: Imaging Evaluation of a Case With Long-Term Local Control and Survival

Glioblastoma (GBM) is difficult to cure with conventional multimodal treatment and has an extremely poor prognosis. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a new particle therapy for malignant tumors in the brain and head and neck region. This radiotherapy utilizes a nuclear reaction between neutrons and a nonradioactive isotope, boron-10. In this method, a boron compound is administered transvenously into the body. The boron compound has the property of being selectively taken up only by the cells of malignant tumors, and the subsequent irradiation with neutrons can destroy malignant tumor cells without damaging normal cells. Since the irradiation dose to normal tissues is reduced in BNCT, it may be possible to re-irradiate malignant tumors that recur after radiotherapy. Clinical trials have reported prolonged survival and safety of BNCT in a small number of patients with refractory malignancies, including GBM, but these reports do not address quality of life or activities of daily living (ADL) after treatment, and there is no information on the assessment of local control by imaging. Here, we report a case of GBM that recurred after surgery, 60 Gy of conventional radiotherapy and standard treatment with temozolomide. The patient achieved long-term local control and survival over five years after BNCT and was able to maintain ADL at home without any specialist care. We describe the case with evaluation using longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Multispectral image registration parameter calibration method based on pyramid mixture model

With unique properties, multispectral cameras have become a hot research direction in recent years. In our country's major space mission "Mars Exploration Project", the multispectral camera was mounted on the " Zhu Rong" rover as an important payload to complete a number of exploration missions. Due to the optical structure of the multispectral camera and other reasons, there are often deviations such as rotation, scale change, and displacement between the images of each channel. For multispectral images, there may be huge differences between the image grayscales of different channels. For the same target subject, the local grayscale contrast may even be opposite. Therefore, the conventional image registration method is difficult to solve the alignment issue between the subjects in each channel. In this paper, a calibration method based on a pyramid mixture model of the circular templet is proposed, and a set of accurate calibration parameters is obtained by using the templet images, so as to complete the channel registration of the Mars multispectral image. At the same time, based on the particularity of the template images, an objective evaluation criterion of geometric calibration is proposed.
An Interplay between Oxidative Stress (Lactate Dehydrogenase) and Inflammation (Anisocytosis) Mediates COVID-19 Severity Defined by Routine Clinical Markers

Viral infections activate the innate immune response and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. They also alter oxidative stress markers, which potentially can have an involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this research was to study the role of the oxidative stress process assessed through lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) on the severity of COVID-19 measured by oxygen saturation (SaO2) and the putative interaction with inflammation. The investigation enrolled 1808 patients (mean age of 68 and 60% male) with COVID-19 from the HM Hospitals database. To explore interactions, a regression model and mediation analyses were performed. The patients with lower SaO2 presented lymphopenia and higher values of neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio and on the anisocytosis coefficient. The regression model showed an interaction between LDH and anisocytosis, suggesting that high levels of LDH (>544 U/L) and an anisocytosis coefficient higher than 10% can impact SaO2 in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, analysis revealed that LDH mediated 41% (p value = 0.001) of the effect of anisocytosis on SaO2 in this cohort. This investigation revealed that the oxidative stress marker LDH and the interaction with anisocytosis have an important role in the severity of COVID-19 infection and should be considered for the management and treatment of the oxidative phenomena concerning this within a precision medicine strategy.
Epidemiological, Clinical, and Virological Investigation of the First Four Cases of Monkeypox in Cartagena during the 2022 Outbreak

Since early May 2022, numerous cases of Monkeypox (Mpox) have been reported globally in non-endemic areas. However, despite numerous reports worldwide, the epidemiological and genomic information related to the 2022 multi-country outbreak remains scarce in South America. By late June 2022, the first Mpox cases were detected in Colombia. Cartagena is a Colombian Caribbean city with high domestic and international connectivity, and, therefore, is vulnerable to the introduction of the Monkeypox virus (MPXV). This report provides an in-depth description of the epidemiological, clinical, and virological characteristics of the first four cases detected in Cartagena including three cases with no history of recent travel and one imported case. Using various laboratory tools based on PCR, next-generation sequencing, and viral isolation and quantification methods, the MPXV clade IIB was detected and isolated. Importantly, infectious viral particles were identified in lesion swabs collected from all cases and in oropharyngeal swabs collected from two cases. Blood samples tested negative using PCR and isolation. In summary, our work contributes complete genomic, clinical, and epidemiological information that will be useful for a number of studies going forward, and it also documents local information that contributes to our understanding of Mpox at the local level.
Traffic Condition Classification Model Based on Traffic-Net

The classification and detection of traffic status plays a vital role in the urban smart transportation system. The classification and mastery of the traffic status at different time periods and sections will help the traffic management department to optimize road management and implement rescue in real time. Travelers can follow the traffic conditions. We choose the best route to effectively improve travel efficiency and safety. However, due to factors such as weather, time of day, lighting, and sample labeling costs, the existing classification methods are insufficient in real time and detection accuracy to meet application requirements. In order to solve this problem, this article aims to effectively transfer and apply the pretrained model learned on large-scale image data sets to small-sample road traffic data sets. By sharing common visual features, model weight parameter migration, and fine-tuning, the road is finally optimized. Traffic conditions classification is based on Traffic-Net. Experiments show that the method in this article can not only obtain a prediction accuracy of more than 96% but also can effectively reduce the model training time and meet the needs of practical applications.
Development of Novel Atomization System Based on SAW Streaming

In this paper, we describe a novel atomization system using surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. The SAW radiates its energy into a liquid, if the liquid is loaded on the SAW propagating surface. The various liquid motions, such as vibration, flow and droplet formation, due to interaction between SAW and liquid are called SAW streaming. The liquid dynamics depends on the SAW input power. First, the relationships between input voltage to the SAW device and water dynamics are observed. For atomization, an input voltage larger than 30 VP-P is required. Second, a stable method of generating a mist is discussed. The thin liquid layer plays an important role in continuous mist generation. The fundamental properties, such as the angle and height of mist, are measured using a filter paper to keep a thin liquid layer on the surface. We also demonstrate the control of mist direction with an electrostatic field. Based on these fundamental experiments, a practical atomization system is designed and performed.
An asymmetric logistic regression model for ecological data

Binary data are popular in ecological and environmental studies; however, due to various uncertainties and complexities present in data sets, the standard generalized linear model with a binomial error distribution often demonstrates insufficient predictive performance when analysing binary and proportional data. To address this difficulty, we propose an asymmetric logistic regression model that uses a new parameter to account for data complexity. We observe that this parameter controls the model's asymmetry and is important for adjusting the weights associated with observed data in order to improve model fitting. This model includes the ordinary logistic regression model as a special case. It is easily implemented using a slight modification of glm or glmer in statistical software R. Simulation studies suggest that our new approach outperforms a traditional approach in terms of both predictive accuracy and variable selection. In a case study involving fisheries data, we found that the annual catch amount had a greater impact on stock status prediction, and improved predictive capability was supported with a smaller AIC compared to a generalized linear model. In summary, our method can enhance the applicability of a generalized linear model to various ecological problems using a slight modification, and significantly improves model fitting and model selection.
A Bisection Method for Measuring the Distance of a Stable Matrix to the Unstable Matrices

We describe a bisection method to determine the 2-norm and Frobenius norm distances from a given matrix A to the nearest matrix with an eigenvalue on the imaginary axis. If A is stable in the sense that its eigenvalues lie in the open-left half plane, then this distance measures how “nearly unstable“ A is. Each step provides either a rigorous upper bound or a rigorous lower bound on the distance. A few bisection steps can bracket the distance within an order of magnitude. Bisection avoids the difficulties associated with nonlinear minimization techniques and the occasional failures associated with heuristic estimates. We show how the method might be used to estimate the distance to the nearest matrix with an eigenvalue on the unit circle.
Reliability analysis of computed tomography equipment using the q‐Weibull distribution

Inspired by the successful application of the q‐Weibull distribution in other research fields, we took the lead to use it in the field of medical devices in this work. The parameter estimation of the q‐Weibull distribution was performed using the probability plot method. The CT failure data from Nanfang Hospital in Guangzhou, China, were used to study the reliability of CT equipment at two levels: the CT system and its seven main components. In terms of evaluation accuracy, the mean squared error, Akaike's information criterion, and the determination coefficient were used to compare the accuracy of fitting of different distribution models. The results show that the accuracy of fitting the q‐Weibull distribution is higher than that of the Weibull distribution in terms of determination coefficient and mean squared error. When considering the complexity of the model, the fit accuracy of the Weibull distribution is better. The results were analyzed using reliability and failure rate plots. The q‐Weibull distribution gives a good fit for the failure data of the CT system and components. Though the Weibull distribution fits better in a few cases, the q‐Weibull distribution can describe the entire “bathtub curve” with only a set of parameters. The findings of this study can be extended to other medical devices.
Low-Profile Wideband Circularly Polarized Complementary Antenna and Arrays for Millimeter-Wave Communications

Low-profile millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) arrays using wideband complementary element combining circularly polarized (CP) electric and magnetic sources are proposed in this article. A pair of centrosymmetric printed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {\Gamma }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-shaped strips serve as a CP electric source, and a modified narrow slot with two etched centrosymmetric stubs can be treated as a CP magnetic source. The combination of them can provide a wide 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth. Operating mechanism of the proposed CP radiating element is investigated and provided. Two differently constructed CP arrays, i.e., a sequentially rotated <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CP array and a full-corporate fed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CP array, are then designed based on the proposed CP radiating element, to confirm the expandability of the proposed CP radiating element. Prototypes of these two arrays were fabricated and measured. According to the measured data, the sequentially rotated fed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CP array exhibits an impedance bandwidth (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert S_{11}\vert < -10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB) better than 57.1% (i.e., 25–45 GHz), a 3 dB AR bandwidth better than 31.4% (i.e., 29–40 GHz), and a maximum gain of 16.4 dBic, while the corresponding results for the full-corporate fed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CP array are 25.8% (i.e., 29–37.5 GHz), 19.1% (i.e., 29.8–36 GHz), and 24.3 dBic. These competitive performances together with merits, such as compact size, low profile, low cost, and direct integration ability, make these two arrays promising candidates for mm-Wave communications.
Formation and evolutionary properties of the galactic open cluster system

A set of 100 galactic open clusters in the solar neighbourhood was selected as a complete (in number) sample which is used to deduce some global properties of the system of galactic open clusters, with the future aim of a comparison with star clusters in other galaxies. As a source of data, the fifth edition of the Lynga's Catalogue of Open Cluster Data is adopted. The age distribution of the sample is determined, discussed and compared with those available in the literature. Relevant informations on the structure and evolution of the open-cluster system are derived by evaluating the formation rate of clusters and their evolutionary fading and destruction rates.
Parallel Pure Spinors on Pseudo-Riemannian Manifolds

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relation between properties of projective pure spinors and the associated almost optical structures on pseudo-Riemannian spin manifolds. We prove that a projective pure spinor is parallel if and only if the associated almost optical structure is parallel. Furthermore we will calculate the curvature condition for the existence of a global parallel representative of such a projective spinor. Moreover, we specialize these results to metrics of signature (m; m) and (m + 1; m).
Observation of THz evanescent waves in a Smith-Purcell free-electron laser

We present experimental observations of evanescent waves in a Smith-Purcell free-electron laser (FEL). These waves, predicted by both theory and simulations, have wavelengths longer than the Smith-Purcell radiation, group velocity antiparallel to the electron beam, and for sufficiently high current, provide feedback to bunch the electron beam. This feedback is the basis of oscillator operation of the SmithPurcell FEL. The wavelengths observed agree with theoretical predictions, and strong radiation from the upstream end of the grating confirms the negative group velocity. Radiation observed at the second harmonic may indicate electron bunching by the evanescent wave.
Two-Emitter Multimode Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics in Thin-Film Silicon Carbide Photonics

Color centers are point defects in crystals that can provide an optical interface to a long-lived spin state for distributed quantum information processing applications. An outstanding challenge for color center quantum technologies is the integration of optically coherent emitters into scalable thin-film photonics, a prerequisite for large-scale photonics integration of color centers within a commercial foundry process. Here, we report on the integration of near-transform-limited silicon vacancy (V Si ) defects into microdisk resonators fabricated in a CMOS-compatible 4 H -silicon carbide-on-insulator platform. We demonstrate a single-emitter cooperativity of up to 0.8 as well as optical superradiance from a pair of color centers coupled to the same cavity mode. We investigate the effect of multimode interference on the photon scattering dynamics from this multiemitter cavity quantum electrodynamics system. These results are crucial for the development of quantum networks in silicon carbide and bridge the classical-quantum photonics gap by uniting optically coherent spin defects with wafer-scalable, state-of-the-art photonics. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevX.13. 011005
A Polar Low over the Japan Sea on 21 January 1997. Part II: A Numerical Study

Abstract A remarkable isolated polar low observed over the Japan Sea on 21 January 1997 is studied by numerical simulations using a 20-km-mesh regional primitive equation model [Regional Spectral Model (RSM) of the Japan Meteorological Agency] and a 5-km-mesh nonhydrostatic mesoscale model [Meteorological Research Institute Nonhydrostatic Model (MRI-NHM)] and by sensitivity experiments using the MRI-NHM. The 24-h integration of RSM starting from 0000 UTC 21 January reproduces quite well the polar low's movement and development, including the initial wrapping of the west part of an east–west-oriented vorticity zone. The vorticity budget analysis indicates that the stretching term plays a dominant role in the polar low development. The simulation by MRI-NHM reproduces surprisingly well the wrapping of the western part of the east–west-oriented vortcity zone associated with a cloud band, the spiral-shaped cloud pattern, and the “eye” structure near the vortex center. The wind speed and resulting sea surface .
High‐Sensitivity Photoconductor Layers

High‐sensitivity photoconductor ``powder'' layers and ``sintered'' layers have been prepared in large‐area form, with most of the desirable characteristics of single crystals. The methods involved in the preparation of these layers are simple and avoid the difficulties involved in growing large‐area single crystals, or in producing large‐area photoconductors by evaporation in vacuum. Both types of layers can be made into photocells of any desired area, by providing suitable electrodes. At an illumination of 1 ft‐c, ratios of photo‐current to dark current as large as 106 may be obtained for both types of layers. A two‐inch square cell made from either a powder or a sintered layer can pass an ampere for an illumination of a few foot candles. In addition to their ease of fabrication, the new layers also have advantages in the large increase in red sensitivity obtainable with cadmium sulfide, and in the ohmic character of sintered layers with silver‐paste electrodes.
Towards a realistic numerical modeling of polarimetric response of healthy and pathological colon tissue

We present Monte Carlo simulations of the backscattering of polarized light by colon tissue in terms of Mueller matrix. We validated the Monte Carlo code with measurements on aqueous suspensions of polystyrene spheres of different sizes. In a first instance we have modeled a tissue as a monodisperse scattering medium representing the nuclei in cytoplasm; then we included a second layer with monodisperse scatterers to represent the most superficial layers (mucosa and submucosa) while the deeper layers (muscularis and pericolic tissue) were "lumped" into a totally depolarizing lambertian. These simulations failed to reproduce the Rayleigh type scattering (larger depolarization for circular vs. linear incident polarization) systematically observed on all experimentally studied tissue samples. This issue has been solved by modelling tissues as a single layer of bimodal mixtures including large and small scatterers over a lambertian.