Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Manganese neurotoxicity: new perspectives from behavioral, neuroimaging, and neuropathological studies in humans and non-human primates

Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal and has important physiological functions for human health. However, exposure to excess levels of Mn in occupational settings or from environmental sources has been associated with a neurological syndrome comprising cognitive deficits, neuropsychological abnormalities and parkinsonism. Historically, studies on the effects of Mn in humans and experimental animals have been concerned with effects on the basal ganglia and the dopaminergic system as it relates to movement abnormalities. However, emerging studies are beginning to provide significant evidence of Mn effects on cortical structures and cognitive function at lower levels than previously recognized. This review advances new knowledge of putative mechanisms by which exposure to excess levels of Mn alters neurobiological systems and produces neurological deficits not only in the basal ganglia but also in the cerebral cortex. The emerging evidence suggests that working memory is significantly affected by chronic Mn exposure and this may be mediated by alterations in brain structures associated with the working memory network including the caudate nucleus in the striatum, frontal cortex and parietal cortex. Dysregulation of the dopaminergic system may play an important role in both the movement abnormalities as well as the neuropsychiatric and cognitive function deficits that have been described in humans and non-human primates exposed to Mn.
Significance of Serum Antibody Test for Toxocariasis in Healthy Healthcare Examinees with Eosinophilia in Seoul and Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea

There have been numerous reports on the relationship between eosinophilia and toxocariasis. The present study investigated seropositive rates of toxocariasis among healthy people with or without eosinophilia in urban and rural areas, and assessed risk factors for positive antibody test. A total of 610 healthy people, who visited health check-up (Medicheck®, Korea Association of Health Promotion), 310 from Seoul and 300 from Gyeongsangnam-do, were subjected for this study. Their serum samples were tested by ELISA with the crude antigen of Toxocara canis larvae. Cross-reactions with other tissue invading helminth antigens were also investigated. Total antibody positive rate of toxocariasis was 8.7% of the 610 subjects. When the subjects were grouped into 3 by their eosinophil counts, the antibody positive rates significantly differed by the groups; 5.9% (18/306) in the group<350/µL, 10.0% (11/110) in the group 350-500/µL, and 12.4% (24/194) in the group>500/µL (P=0.028). A total of 22 serum samples cross-reacted with other tissue-invading helminth antigens. A questionnaire analysis recognized drinking alcohol and smoking as significant risk factors of toxocariasis. In conclusion, toxocariasis antibody positive rate is correlated with eosinophil counts. It is recommended that healthy subjects with eosinophilia by routine health examination and risk factors undergo Toxocara serology by multiantigen ELISA to investigate etiology. Graphical Abstract
Connecting the things to the internet: an evaluation of four configuration strategies for wi-fi devices with minimal user interfaces

The availability of low-power Wi-Fi radio modules opens up opportunities to leverage the existing prevalent Wi-Fi infrastructure for large-scale trials and deployments of Ubicomp technology. In this paper we address the challenge of supporting end-users, especially when they are not technical experts, in connecting new low-power, low-cost Wi-Fi devices with very minimal UIs to an existing, secure Wi-Fi infrastructure. We report two usability studies through which 30 participants, with no formal technical training, compared 4 alternative configuration techniques, selected based on cost and consumption constraints, and on adoption in off-the-shelf products. Through an analysis of success rate and causes of failure, our results indicate that two techniques are noticeably more usable than others. These are a web-based configuration mechanism, where users connect to an access point on the Wi-Fi device, and one that makes use of a standard audio cable to connect a smartphone to the device to be configured.
A classification of long-term evolutionary dynamics

We present empirical evidence that long-term evolutionary dynamics fall into three distinct classes, depending on whether adaptive evolutionary activity is absent (class 1), bounded (class 2), or unbounded (class 3). These classes are defined using three statistics: diversity, new evolutionary activity (Bedau & Packard, 1992), and mean cumulative evolutionary activity (Bedau et al., 1997). The three classes partition all the long-term evolutionary dynamics observed in Holland's Echo model (Holland, 1992), in a random-selection adaptively neutral "shadow" of Echo, and in the biosphere as reflected in the Phanerozoic fossil record. This classification provides quantitative evidence that Echo lacks the unbounded growth in adaptive evolutionary activity observed in the fossil record.
IMS management based eTOM framework for multimedia service

Managing service level delivery is challenging, typical case in IMS network with multiple service and users. The IMS as control layer must perform end-to-end services with a guarantee to secure and manage anomalies due to the network diversity, however the network performance is dynamic and the amount of useful information is limited so it's difficult to detect problems after supply before they surface. The IMS to fulfill service monitoring must use the eTOM (enhanced Telecom Operations Map) Framework, That tool can simplify integration, supervision and monitoring over a new telecommunications network. IMS have to provide a guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) to the users in the case of VoD service, the providing procedure respect QoS standards and enter into fulfillment processes although remains assurance and billing, for that we propose a monitoring system-based eTOM that retrieve supply information in real-time and simulate the business operation with distributed WSOA concept. Furthermore, set of information retrieved will be used in SLA (Service Level Agreement) verification, take corrective actions, and predicate service-level impact.
Primary health care physicians’ approach toward domestic violence in Tehran, Iran

Background: Primary health care physicians (PHCPs) are the first in the clinic to detect and help victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). Therefore, their attitude and practice toward domestic violence (DV) are important to manage this problem. The aim of current study was to compare the behavior and attitude of PHCPs about DV versus other health risk factors in Tehran, Iran. Methods: A convenience sample of 220 PHCPs was evaluated. The study was carried out in April 2012. Two self-administered questionnaires were used to identify physicians’ beliefs and behaviors on screening and intervention of DV and other health risk factors. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 18.0 (SPSS, Inc. Chicago, IL). Results: One hundred and ninety eight questionnaires were analyzed. PHCPs’ mean age was 39.06 (±7.5) years. Participants were just reported 10% screening of regular patients for DV compared with 29% to 48% for other health risk factors. Mean age of PHCPs was not associated with their approach toward the DV. Compared to male physicians, females spared more time for DV victims. Major of physicians (96%) believed that DV is not a private problem and is something that needs to be addressed cautiously. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that DV screening occurs less than that of other health risk factors. Attitude of majority of PHCPs was positive for addressing this problem
Geometric Operators for Motion Planning Ii @bullet Geometric Operators for Motion Planning

Motion planning is building a considerable momentum within industrial settings. Whether for programming factory robots or calculating mechanical assembly sequences, motion planning through probabilistic algorithms has proved to be particularly efficient for solving complex problems that are difficult for human operators. This doctoral thesis, a collaborative work between the research laboratory LAAS‐CNRS and the startup company Kineo CAM, is aimed confronting motion planning problems encountered in the virtual factory. We have identified three domains that are of interest to industrial partners and we contribute to each: collision detection, swept volumes, and motion planning in collision. Collision detection is a critical operator for analyzing digital models within their environment. Motion planning algorithms rely so heavily on collision detection that it has become a performance bottleneck. This explains why such a large variety of collision detection algorithms exist, each specialized for a particular type of geometry, such as polyhedra or voxels. Such a diverse solution space is a barrier for integrating multiple geometry types into the same architecture. We propose a framework for performing proximity queries between heterogeneous geometries. While factoring out the algorithmic core common to spatial‐division and bounding‐ volume schemes, the framework allows specialized collision tests between a pair of geometric primitives. New geometry types can thus be added easily and without hurting performance. We validate our approach on a humanoid robot that navigates an unknown environment using vision. Swept volumes are a useful tool for visualizing the extent of a movement, such as the vibrations of an engine or the reaching of a digital human actor. The state‐of‐the‐art approach exploits graphics hardware to quickly approximate swept volumes with a high accuracy, but only applies to a single watertight object. To adapt this algorithm to handle computer‐aided design input, we modify its behavior to treat polygon soup models and discontinuous paths. We demonstrate its effectiveness on disassembly movements of mechanical pieces with a large number of triangles. It can be challenging to manipulate the volume described by a polygon soup. Starting with the swept volume algorithm, we introduce operators to change the size of discrete objects. At a basic level, we calculate the Minkowski sum of the object and a sphere in order to inflate the object, and the Minkowski difference to deflate it. We test these operators on both static and moving objects. Finally, we take on the problem of motion planning in collision. Although it may appear as …
Immunocytochemical Localization of trkA Receptors in Chemically Identified Subgroups of Adult Rat Sensory Neurons

Immunocytochemistry has been used to examine the location of trkA, the high‐affinity receptor for nerve growth factor, in adult rat dorsal root ganglia, trigeminal ganglia and spinal cord. TrkA immunoreactivity was observed in small and medium sized ganglion cells and in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. In lumbar L4 and L5 ganglia trkA‐immunoreactive cells constitute 40% of dorsal root ganglion cells and range in size from 15 to 45 μm in diameter. Double labelling using markers for various dorsal root ganglion subpopulations revealed that virtually all (92%) trkA‐immunoreactive cells express calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity. In contrast only 4 and 13% of trkA‐immunoreactive cells are labelled by the monoclonal antibody LA4 or the lectin Griffonia simplicifolia IB4, markers for small non‐peptide‐containing cells. Eighteen percent of trkA‐immunoreactive cells belong to the ‘large light’subpopulation, identified by their strong immunostaining by the neurofilament antibody RT97. TrkA immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn is heaviest in laminae I and II outer, has a similar distribution to CGRP, and is depleted by dorsal rhizotomy. Our results show that trkA‐expressing cells in dorsal root ganglia correspond almost exactly with the CGRP, peptide‐producing population. The receptor is present not only on cell bodies but also on central terminals. Non‐peptide‐containing small cells, which constitute 30% of dorsal root ganglion cells, are not trkA‐immunoreactive and therefore most probably are functionally independent of nerve growth factor.
Analysis of Bangla-2-Braille machine translator

Bangla-2-Braille machine translator is implemented using rule based Discrete Finite Automata (DFA) [1]. Rule based DFA directs the necessity of generating regular expression from the DFA in order to validate the language model used for Braille conversion and extend the translator for better usability by the visually impaired people. In this work, we conducted experiments using structured and state elimination method to generate, and validate regular expressions from the DFA designed for Bangla-2-Braille machine translator. The generated expressions were tested for Braille language rules and the results were satisfactory.
Shape changing device for notification

In this paper, we describe a notification method with peripheral cognition technology that uses a human cognitive characteristic. The method achieves notification without interrupting users' primary tasks. We developed a shape changing device that change its shape to notify the arrival of information. Such behavior enables a user to easily find and accept notifications without interruption when their attention on the primary task decreases. The result of an experiment showed that the successful notification rate was 45.5%.
Fast algorithms for computing the largest empty rectangle

We provide two algorithms for solving the following problem: Given a rectangle containing <italic>n</italic> points, compute the largest-area and the largest-perimeter subrectangles with sides parallel to the given rectangle that lie within this rectangle and that do not contain any points in their interior. For finding the largest-area empty rectangle, the first algorithm takes <italic>&Ogr;</italic>(<italic>n</italic> log<supscrpt>3</supscrpt> <italic>n</italic>) time and <italic>&Ogr;</italic>(<italic>n</italic>) memory space and it simplifies the algorithm given by Chazelle, Drysdale and Lee which takes <italic>&Ogr;</italic>(<italic>n</italic> log<supscrpt>3</supscrpt> <italic>n</italic>) time but <italic>&Ogr;</italic>(<italic>n</italic> log <italic>n</italic>) storage. The second algorithm for computing the largest-area empty rectangle is more complicated but it only takes <italic>&Ogr;</italic>(<italic>n</italic> log<supscrpt>2</supscrpt> <italic>n</italic>) time and <italic>&Ogr;</italic>(<italic>n</italic>) memory space. The two algorithms for computing the largest-area rectangle can be modified to compute the largest-perimeter rectangle in <italic>&Ogr;</italic>(<italic>n</italic> log<supscrpt>2</supscrpt> <italic>n</italic>) and <italic>&Ogr;</italic>(<italic>n</italic> log <italic>n</italic>) time, respectively. Since &OHgr;(<italic>n</italic> log <italic>n</italic>) is a lower bound on time for computing the largest-perimeter empty rectangle, the second algorithm for computing such a rectangle is optimal within a multiplicative constant.
Immunity-based intrusion detection for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are vulnerable to various attacks since they are distributed in unattended environments and have limited energy, storage and computation abilities. Preventive approaches can be applied to protect WSNs from some kinds of attacks. However, preventive methods are not efficient on specific attacks. So it is necessary to develop some mechanisms for intrusion detection. Intrusion detection system (IDS) not only prevents adversaries from attacking the network, but also provides attackspsila features for improving the preventive algorithms. The traditional intrusion detection algorithms canpsilat be applied directly to WSNs due to their constraints of resources. According to the problems in the current intrusion detection systems, based on immunology, we propose a novel IDS which is distributed, robust, and adaptive. The simulation results indicate that the proposed IDS has high accuracy in attack detections.
HIV-1 Latency in Monocytes/Macrophages

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) targets CD4+ T cells and cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. HIV pathogenesis is characterized by the depletion of T lymphocytes and by the presence of a population of cells in which latency has been established called the HIV-1 reservoir. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly improved the life of HIV-1 infected patients. However, complete eradication of HIV-1 from infected individuals is not possible without targeting latent sources of infection. HIV-1 establishes latent infection in resting CD4+ T cells and findings indicate that latency can also be established in the cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage. Monocyte/macrophage lineage includes among others, monocytes, macrophages and brain resident macrophages. These cells are relatively more resistant to apoptosis induced by HIV-1, thus are important stable hideouts of the virus. Much effort has been made in the direction of eliminating HIV-1 resting CD4+ T-cell reservoirs. However, it is impossible to achieve a cure for HIV-1 without considering these neglected latent reservoirs, the cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage. In this review we will describe our current understanding of the mechanism of latency in monocyte/macrophage lineage and how such cells can be specifically eliminated from the infected host.
Identity, Working Moms, and Childlessness: Evidence from Switzerland

The positive relationship between fertility and female labor force participation in the cross-country dimension represents a puzzle when viewed through the lens of the classical household model. This paper argues that di erences in women's identity may be important to explain this pattern. I exploit a unique setting in Switzerland, where Germanand French-speaking women are neighbors sharing the same institutional environment, but retaining di erent attitudes towards working mothers. While there is high tolerance of working mothers with children below school age in the French-speaking region, this is much less the case in the German-speaking region. Using a spatial regression discontinuity design, I nd that labor force participation of mothers is lower and childlessness higher on the German-speaking side, particularly among more educated women, while composition, work-family policies, labor market opportunities, and the general institutional setting vary smoothly. I argue that a simple household model combined with the identity framework of Akerlof and Kranton (2000) provides a natural explanation of the observed patterns. JEL classi cation: D12, J13, J22 ∗Most recent version: https://sites.google. com/site/andreassteinhauer/AndreasSteinhauerJMP.pdf. A previous version circulated under the title Childlessness and Gender Identity: Evidence from Switzerland. †Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Muehlebachstr. 86, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. e-mail: andreas.steinhauer@econ.uzh. ch ‡I would like to thank Josef Zweimüller for his generous support and ongoing comments, and Claudia Bernasconi, Beatrice Brunner, David Card, Beatrix Eugster, Armin Falk, Christina Felfe, Raquel Fernández, Andreas Kohler, Andreas Kuhn, Rafael Lalive, Philippe Ruh, Analia Schlosser, Arna Vardardottir, and Rainer Winkelmann for helpful comments and suggestions as well as seminar/conference participants at University of Zurich, University of Vienna, European Society for Population Economics Annual Conference 2012 Bern, UC Berkeley, All California Labor Economics Conference 2013 San Diego, Econometric Society European Winter Meeting 2013 Helsinki, and University of St. Gallen. All remaining errors are my own.
Carbon Monoxide in Comet 9P/Tempel 1 before and after the Deep Impact Encounter

One of the goals of the Hubble Space Telescope program to observe periodic comet 9P/Tempel 1 in conjunction with NASA's Deep Impact mission was to study the generation and evolution of the gaseous coma resulting from the impact. For this purpose, the Solar Blind Channel of the Advanced Camera for Surveys was used with the F140LP filter, which is sensitive primarily to the ultraviolet emission (≥1400 Å) from the CO fourth positive system. Following the impact we detected an increase in brightness, which if all due to CO corresponds to 1.5 × 1031 molecules, or a mass of 6.6 × 105 kg, an amount that would normally be produced by 7-10 hours of quiescent outgassing from the comet. This number is ≤10% of the number of water molecules excavated and suggests that the volatile content of the material excavated by the impact did not differ significantly from the surface or near-subsurface material responsible for the quiescent outgassing of the comet.
Is the Cepheus E Outflow Driven by a Class 0 Protostar?

New early release observations of the Cepheus E outflow and its embedded source, obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope, are presented. We show that the driving source is detected in all four Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) bands, which suggests that traditional Class 0 classification, although essentially correct, needs to accommodate the new high-sensitivity infrared arrays and their ability to detect deeply embedded sources. Thus, we have determined a slope of the mid-infrared spectral energy distribution to be a = 5 ± 1 using only the IRAC fluxes. The IRAC and Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) 24 and 70 μm new photometric points are consistent with a spectral energy distribution dominated by a cold, dense envelope surrounding the protostar. The Cep E outflow displays a very similar morphology in the near- and mid-infrared wavelengths and is detected at 24 μm. The interface between the dense molecular gas (where Cep E lies) and the less dense interstellar medium is well traced by the emission at 8 and 24 μm and is one of the most exotic features of the new IRAC and MIPS images. IRS observations of the north lobe of the flow confirm that most of the emission is due to the excitation of pure H2 rotational transitions arising from a relatively cold (Tex ∼ 700 K) and dense (6.4 × 104 cm-3) molecular gas.
Representative heuristic psychology and overreaction in international petroleum futures market

The representative heuristic psychology is one of the unreasonable psychologies existing in the financial market. A novel research idea is given in this paper: using the corresponding relation and grey interconnect degree to check this psychology in the international petroleum futures market, and give an empirical test for some events such as OPEC meetings and the war. At the same time, we also verify the overreaction behavior, which is tightly connected with the representative heuristic psychology, by the way of events study. The results show that there is no obvious representative heuristic psychology in the petroleum futures market, but existing overreaction behavior.
Mismaking Memories

Memory illusions—vivid experiences of events that never occurred—could result from inaccuracies either in retrieving memories or in initially storing them. In two experiments, people studied lists of associated words that either did or did not induce later illusory (false) memories of associated but nonpresented lure words. The amplitude of the electrical brain activity during study of words (~500-1,300 ms) that were themselves later correctly remembered reliably distinguished list words that led to such illusory memories from those that did not. This encoding difference associated with subsequent illusory memory (referred to as a DIM)—presumably reflecting item-specific encoding differences—is a neural precursor of memory illusions.