Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compositional Synthesis of Finite-State Abstractions

Controller-synthesis techniques for continuous systems with respect to temporal logic specifications typically use a finite-state symbolic abstraction of the system model. Constructing this abstraction for the entire system is computationally expensive, and does not exploit natural decompositions of many systems into interacting components. We describe a methodology for compositional symbolic abstraction to help scale controller synthesis for temporal logic to larger systems. We introduce disturbance bisimulation, which strengthens the standard approximate alternating bisimulation relation used in control. It extends naturally to systems that are composed of weakly interconnected subcomponents, possibly connected in feedback, and models the coupling signals as disturbances. We show how networks of incrementally input-to-state stable, nonlinear, continuous-time control systems can be abstracted compositionally, so that all local abstractions are simultaneously disturbance bisimilar to their continuous counterparts. Furthermore, our construction ensures that the final composed abstraction is disturbance bisimilar to the original system. Finally, we discuss how we get a compositional abstraction-based controller-synthesis methodology for networks of such systems against local temporal specifications as a byproduct of our construction.
Proactive Resource Management in LTE-U Systems: A Deep Learning Perspective

LTE in unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) is a promising approach to overcome the wireless spectrum scarcity. However, to reap the benefits of LTE-U, a fair coexistence mechanism with other incumbent WiFi deployments is required. In this paper, a novel deep learning approach is proposed for modeling the resource allocation problem of LTE-U small base stations (SBSs). The proposed approach enables multiple SBSs to proactively perform dynamic channel selection, carrier aggregation, and fractional spectrum access while guaranteeing fairness with existing WiFi networks and other LTE-U operators. Adopting a proactive coexistence mechanism enables future delay-intolerant LTE-U data demands to be served within a given prediction window ahead of their actual arrival time thus avoiding the underutilization of the unlicensed spectrum during off-peak hours while maximizing the total served LTE-U traffic load. To this end, a noncooperative game model is formulated in which SBSs are modeled as Homo Egualis agents that aim at predicting a sequence of future actions and thus achieving long-term equal weighted fairness with WLAN and other LTE-U operators over a given time horizon. The proposed deep learning algorithm is then shown to reach a mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium (NE), when it converges. Simulation results using real data traces show that the proposed scheme can yield up to 28% and 11% gains over a conventional reactive approach and a proportional fair coexistence mechanism, respectively. The results also show that the proposed framework prevents WiFi performance degradation for a densely deployed LTE-U network.
An Energy Saving Dynamic Clustering Algorithm for Multi-Hop Data Gathering In Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor networks afford a new Opportunity to observe and interact with physical Phenomena at an unprecedented fidelity. To fully realize this vision, these networks have to be self-organizing, self healing, economical and energyefficient simultaneously. Since the communication task is a significant power consumer, there are various attempts to introduce energy awareness within the communication stack. Node clustering, to reduce direct transmission to the base station, is one such attempt to control energy dissipation for sensor data gathering. In this work, we propose an efficient dynamic clustering algorithm to achieve a network-wide energy reduction in a multihop context. We also present a realistic energy dissipation model based on the results from stochastic geometry to accurately quantify energy Consumption employing the proposed clustering algorithm for various sensor node densities, network areas and transceiver properties.
Breaking Therapeutic Inertia in Type 2 Diabetes: Active Detection of In-Patient Cases Allows Improvement of Metabolic Control at Midterm

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) exists in 25–40% of hospitalized patients. Therapeutic inertia is the delay in the intensification of a treatment and it is frequent in T2D. The objectives of this study were to detect patients admitted to surgical wards with hyperglycaemia (HH; fasting glycaemia > 140 mg/dL) as well as those with T2D and suboptimal chronic glycaemic control (SCGC) and to assess the midterm impact of treatment modifications indicated at discharge. A total of 412 HH patients were detected in a period of 18 months; 86.6% (357) had a diagnosed T2D. Their preadmittance HbA1c was 7.7 ± 1.5%; 47% (189) had HbA1c ≥ 7.4% (SCGC) and were moved to the upper step in the therapeutic algorithm at discharge. Another 15 subjects (3.6% of the cohort) had T2D according to their current HbA1c. Ninety-four of the 189 SCGC patients were evaluated 3–6 months later. Their HbA1c before in-hospital-intervention was 8.6 ± 1.2% and 7.5 ± 1.2% at follow-up (P < 0.004). Active detection of hyperglycaemia in patients admitted in conventional surgical beds permits the identification of T2D patients with SCGC as well as previously unknown cases. A shift to the upper step in the therapeutic algorithm at discharge improves this control. Hospitalization is an opportunity to break therapeutic inertia.
Cancer Cells Detection Using Digital Image Processing Methods

In recent years the image processing mechanisms are used widely in several medical areas for improving earlier detection and treatment stages, in which the time factor is very important to discover the disease in the patient as possible as fast, especially in various cancer tumors such as the lung cancer. Lung cancer has been attracting the attention of medical and sciatic communities in the latest years because of its high prevalence allied with the difficult treatment. Statistics from 2008 indicate that lung cancer, throughout world, is the one that attacks the greatest number of people. Early detection of lung cancer is very important for successful treatment. There are few methods available to detect cancerous cells. Here two methods of segmentation such as thresholding and watershed are used to detect the cancer cell and too find out better approach out of them.
Enumeration of Legionella CFU by Colony Hybridization Using Specific DNA Probes

ABSTRACT Oligonucleotide probes and colony hybridization (CH) were applied to enumerate organisms of the genus Legionella in cooling tower water. The CH counts indicated almost the same results as CFU counts in cultivated samples derived from the water. It was concluded that it is possible to substitute the CH procedure for the conventional one.
Supporting Text Retrieval by Typographical Term Weighting

Text documents stored in information systems usually consist of more information than the pure concatenation of words, i.e., they also contain typographic information. Because conventional text retrieval methods evaluate only the word frequency, they miss the in-formation provided by typography, e.g., regarding the importance of certain terms. In order to overcome this weakness, we present an approach which uses the typographical information of text documents and show how this improves the efficiency of text retrieval methods. Our approach uses weighting of typographic information in addition to term frequencies for separating relevant information in text documents from the noise. We have evaluated our approach on the basis of automated text classification algorithms. The results show that our weighting approach achieves very competitive classification results using at most 30% of the terms used by conventional approaches, which makes our approach significantly more efficient.
Social Control in the Oasis of Siwa: A Study in Natural Justice and Conflict Resolution

This article examines the legacy of "natural justice" as it is practiced in the remote Egyptian oasis of Siwa (pronounced See-wah), The selection of secludedlocationsforthis kind of research has been beneficial because such locations lend themselves to more manageable research assumptions. The finer shades of social justice can be better discerned when life is simple, laws natural, social control genuine, change slow, and government unintrusive. This Egyptian oasis was selected because it has been cited in three prominent historical references: Herodotus reported visiting the oasis and its famous Amunian Oracle, which was built possibly before the Athenian Oracle of Delphi; Plato and other Greek philosophers reportedly studiedatthe Amunian Oracle, where Plato presumably conceptualized his views on The Republic; and Alexander the Great visited the Siwan Oracle in 331 B.C., where he was crowned as an Egyptian pharaoh.
Copper Deficiency

Editor? Dr Walshe (July/August pages 280-8) suggests that 'a deficiency, or even complete absence [of caeruloplasmin], is not necessarily associated with anaemia or any other disease'. This is not correct. Of the nine patients with complete hereditary caeruloplasmin deficiency so far described [1-4], six have had anaemia (two normal, one result not given), all have had a low serum iron, eight have had a high serum ferritin (one result not given), eight have had increased liver iron (one result not given) and seven have had abnormal CT or MRI scans of
The effect of mixed venous oxygenation on arterial blood in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the basis for a classification.

Mixed venous oxygenation is an important determinant of arterial oxygenation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that can have a significant effect on arterial Po2 even when the venous admixture is small. The effect of mixed venous oxygenation on arterial Po2 has not been previously discussed with respect to the pathogenesis of the arterial hypoxia of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is the effect of venous oxygenation on arterial blood that allows the prediction of mixed venous and tissue oxygenation from analysis of the arterial blood and that is the basis for a previously described classification system for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. For a given degree of venous admixture, there is a critical range of arterial Po2 at or above which one can deduce that the mixed venous blood is normally oxygenated and below which mixed venous hypoxia can be inferred. When venous admixture is less than approximately 25 per cent of the cardiac output, the arterial Po2 must be equal to or greater .
Two New Local Search Strategies for Minimum Vertex Cover

In this paper, we propose two new strategies to design efficient local search algorithms for the minimum vertex cover (MVC) problem. There are two main drawbacks in state-of-the-art MVC local search algorithms: First, they select a pair of vertices to be exchanged simultaneously, which is time consuming; Second, although they use edge weighting techniques, they do not have a strategy to decrease the weights. To address these drawbacks, we propose two new strategies: two stage exchange and edge weighting with forgetting. The two stage exchange strategy selects two vertices to be exchanged separately and performs the exchange in two stages. The strategy of edge weighting with forgetting not only increases weights of uncovered edges, but also decreases some weights for each edge periodically. We utilize these two strategies to design a new algorithm dubbed NuMVC. The experimental results show that NuMVC significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art heuristic algorithms on most of the hard DIMACS instances and all instances in the hard random BHOSLIB benchmark.
The value of learning English in Thailand and its impact on Thai: perspectives from university students

English is widely regarded as an essential skill for the globalized economy by governments around the world which devote considerable resources to its teaching in formal education, though often with limited success in terms of achievement levels. Thailand is a case in point. Set against the putative benefits of acquiring proficiency in English, concerns have been raised that the spread of English has a negative impact, threatening the vitality of the first languages and cultures of its learners. Examining whether these concerns are valid in Thailand, this article reports on a study amongst Thai university students which investigated their perceptions of English alongside their first language, Thai. Results indicate that these Thai students subscribe to the notion of English as a tool for personal economic advancement but that the position of Thai as the language of national identity remains unchallenged.
The nature of science and indigenous knowledge systems in South Africa, 2000–2007: A critical review of the research in science education

Abstract In this paper we describe and analyze the research in science education on the nature of science (NOS) and indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) done in South Africa, and published in local and international refereed journals between the years 2000 and 2007. Through an examination of the current state of NOS and IKS research internationally, we explore and locate the research done in South Africa within what we call the international “research programmes”. Our discussion shows that the research being done in South Africa is attuned with contemporary international research agendas, theoretical paradigms and methodological tastes. We tease out and explore the patterns of the research, highlighting its major strands. Our description and analysis also identifies some of the major drivers of the research. Within that effort we point out that the major impetus behind the research has been the deliberate effort to inform the implementation of South Africa's new science curricula. An interesting observation coming out of our analysis is the fact that for both NOS and IKS research, the primary and secondary school levels are clearly under researched. Recommendations for future research are given.
Screening of a Novel Peptide Targeting the Proteoglycan-Like Region of Human Carbonic Anhydrase IX

The extracellular domain of human carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is extended by a proteoglycan-like region (PGLR). The aim of the present study was the development of novel molecules with specificity for PGLR, which may be used for tumor targeting and imaging. PGLR was chemically synthesized, and phage display biopanning was performed. The identified ligand PGLR-P1 was labeled with 125I and characterized for target binding and metabolic stability. In vitro characterization included kinetic, competition, and internalization studies on CA IX–positive renal cell carcinoma SKRC 52 cells. The CA IX–negative cell lines HEK293 wt and BxPC3 were used as negative controls. In vitro binding experiments revealed an increasing affinity of 125I-PGLR-P1 to SKRC 52 cells but not to negative control HEK293 wt and BxPC3 cells. Internalization studies indicated an exclusive cell membrane binding. Biodistribution analysis demonstrated a higher accumulation in SKRC 52 tumors than in most normal tissues after perfusion. In vivo blocking led to a significant decrease in tumor uptake. Our findings indicate that PGLR-P1 is a promising lead structure for the development of new peptide-based ligands targeting the PGLR of CA IX and reveal challenges that need to be considered for peptide-related molecular imaging.
Personality and Metaphor Use: How Extraverted and Introverted Young Adults Experience Becoming Friends

Competing theories have viewed relationship formation as a gradual process or as an instant development, with little attention to differences in individual perceptions of the same relationship. In the present study, conceptual metaphors concerning relationship formation were identified and coded from interviews with each friend in 59 same–sex, white, college–age, US dyads (57% female). Friends were extreme and either very similar or different from one other with regard to extraversion–introversion. An actor–partner analysis found that friends paired with an extravert used more Force–Impact metaphors that conveyed an explosive ‘friends–at–first–sight’ experience, whereas friends paired with an introvert used more Journey–Organism metaphors that reflected a gradual transition into friendship. Regardless of their partner's personality, extraverts and female friends used more Joint–Proximity metaphors that emphasised the development of intimacy. Results are interpreted using the Social Relations Model and the PERSOC approach to show how personality can serve both as an environment (partner) and as a cognitive schema (actor) to distinctly shape impressions of how a friendship develops. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UV-Sensitive Photoreceptor Protein OPN5 in Humans and Mice

A variety of animal species utilize the ultraviolet (UV) component of sunlight as their environmental cues, whereas physiological roles of UV photoreception in mammals, especially in human beings, remain open questions. Here we report that mouse neuropsin (OPN5) encoded by the Opn5 gene exhibited an absorption maximum (λmax) at 380 nm when reconstituted with 11-cis-retinal. Upon UV-light illumination, OPN5 was converted to a blue-absorbing photoproduct (λmax 470 nm), which was stable in the dark and reverted to the UV-absorbing state by the subsequent orange light illumination, indicating its bistable nature. Human OPN5 also had an absorption maximum at 380 nm with spectral properties similar to mouse OPN5, revealing that OPN5 is the first and hitherto unknown human opsin with peak sensitivity in the UV region. OPN5 was capable of activating heterotrimeric G protein Gi in a UV-dependent manner. Immuno-blotting analyses of mouse tissue extracts identified the retina, the brain and, unexpectedly, the outer ears as the major sites of OPN5 expression. In the tissue sections of mice, OPN5 immuno-reactivities were detected in a subset of non-rod/non-cone retinal neurons as well as in the epidermal and muscle cells of the outer ears. Most of these OPN5-immuno-reactivities in mice were co-localized with positive signals for the alpha-subunit of Gi. These results demonstrate the first example of UV photoreceptor in human beings and strongly suggest that OPN5 triggers a UV-sensitive Gi-mediated signaling pathway in the mammalian tissues.
The mechanoelectrical response of the cytoplasmic membrane of Vibrio cholerae

Persistence of Vibrio cholerae in waters of fluctuating salinity relies on the capacity of this facultative enteric pathogen to adapt to varying osmotic conditions. In an event of osmotic downshift, osmolytes accumulated inside the bacterium can be quickly released through tension-activated channels. With the newly established procedure of giant spheroplast preparation from V. cholerae, we performed the first patch-clamp characterization of its cytoplasmic membrane and compared tension-activated currents with those in Esherichia coli. Saturating pressure ramps revealed two waves of activation belonging to the ∼1-nS mechanosensitive channel of small conductance (MscS)-like channels and ∼3-nS mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL)-like channels, with a pressure midpoint ratio p0.5MscS/p0.5MscL of 0.48. We found that MscL-like channels in V. cholerae present at a density three times higher than in E. coli, and yet, these vibrios were less tolerant to large osmotic downshocks. The Vibrio MscS-like channels exhibit characteristic inward rectification and subconductive states at depolarizing voltages; they also adapt and inactivate at subsaturating tensions and recover within 2 s upon tension release, just like E. coli MscS. Trehalose, a compatible internal osmolyte accumulated under hypertonic conditions, significantly shifts activation curves of both MscL- and MscS-like channels toward higher tensions, yet does not freely partition into the channel pore. Direct electrophysiology of V. cholerae offers new avenues for the in situ analysis of membrane components critical for osmotic survival and electrogenic transport in this pathogen.
Interhippocampal impulses. I. Origin, course and distribution in cat, rabbit and rat.

Andersen, P. — Interhippocampal impulses. I. Origin, Course and Distribution in Cat, Rabbit and Rat. Acta physiol. scand. 1959. 47. 63—90. — The present study is the first in a series concerned with the activation of the hippocampal fields CA1 and CA3 by interhippocampal impulses. A point-to-point connection was found between homotopic points in these fields. In both fields the stimulus thresholds were lowest in the pyramidal cell body and the apical dendritic shaft layers. This suggests electrical excitability of part of the dendritic membrane. The CA1 commissural response consisted of a surface positive/negative wave with a spike on the positive wave. The CA3 response was a diphasic spike followed by a negative wave with a spike superimposed.
Block-based digital image watermarking using Genetic Algorithm

This paper introduces a new method of adaptive blind digital image watermarking in spatial domain. Watermarking is a way to hide secret information in a cover image or host medium. Amount of information to hide in the cover image is limited because there is a trade-off between imperceptibility and payload of the data to hide. So increasing the payload in the cover image while watermark remain imperceptible is a critical aspect in watermarking process and has attracted many researchers in the recent past. In the proposed method both cover and secret images are partitioned into equal size blocks. Then host for each secret image block is intelligently selected through Genetic Algorithm (GA). GA helps in identifying the target blocks of the cover image such that with the LSB embedding, visual quality of the cover image and imperceptibility of secret image remains least affected. At the watermark extraction phase only watermarked image is required from which using Jigsaw Puzzle Solver (JPS) the secret image is reconstructed. In spite of increasing the payload 2 times experimental results have shown better imperceptibility i.e. PSNR results of the proposed method as compared to the current approaches in this domain.
Ínsulas de riqueza en océanos de pobreza... O el proceso de fragmentación territorial de Buenos Aires

El tema central del presente estudio esta constituido por el proceso creciente de dispersion y fragmentacion territorial al que asisten las metropolis en general y la de Buenos Aires en particular, derivado del progresivo desvanecimiento de la tradicional e historica “ciudad compacta”. En tal contexto, se examina la forma por la cual, variables tales como el vaciamiento de areas consolidadas, la descentralizacion de sectores del area terciaria avanzada, el creciente desarrollo de sistemas de infraestructura viaria -con el consiguiente aumento de la movilidad intra-urbana-, y el incremento de la ocupacion del suelo inciden en el surgimiento de piezas urbanas semejantes a insulas autonomas que concentran actividades mayoritariamente de consumo. Asimismo se describe una situacion dicotomica: mientras en un extremo de la espacialidad se acentua un proceso de bunkerizacion con alta seguridad y aislamiento, en el otro, se profundiza la desarticulacion entre espacios publicos, que quedan desdibujados y lejos de los criterios que historicamente los consagraron como tales.