Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on Sparse Denoising of Strong Earthquakes Early Warning Based on MEMS Accelerometers

In view of the fact that the noise in the same frequency band as the useful signal in the MEMS acceleration sensor observation data cannot be effectively removed by traditional filtering methods, a denoising method for strong earthquake signals based on the theory of sparse representation and compressive sensing is proposed in this paper. This skillfully realized the separation of strong earthquake signals from noise by adopting a fixed dictionary and utilizing sparse characteristics. Furthermore, considering the weakness of the sparse denoising method based on the fixed dictionary in the high signal-to-noise ratio, a spare denoising method based on learning an over-complete dictionary is proposed. Through the initial given seismic data, the ideal over-complete dictionary is trained to achieve seismic data denoising. In addition, for the interference waves of non-seismic events, this paper proposes an idea based on sparse representation classification to remove such non-seismic interference directly. Combining the ideas of noise reduction and non-seismic event elimination, we can obtain a standard sparse anti-interference denoising model for earthquake early warning. It’s innovative that this model implements the sparse theory into the field of earthquake early warning. According to the experimental results, in the case of heavy noise, the denoising model based on sparse representation can reach average SNR of 8.73 and an average MSE of 29.53, and the denoising model based on compression perception can reach average SNR of 7.29 and an average MSE 41.34, and the denoising model based on learning dictionary can reach average SNR 11.07 and average MSE 17.32. The performance of these models is better than the traditional FIR filtering method (average SNR −0.73 and average MSE 260.37) or IIR filtering method (average SNR 4.73 and average MSE 73.95). On the other hand, the anti-interference method of the sparse classification proposed in this paper can accurately distinguish non-seismic interference events from natural earthquakes. The classification accuracy of the method based on the noise category of the selected test data set reaches 100% and achieves good results.
Nonparametric Estimation of the Expected Shortfall Regression for Quasi-Associated Functional Data

In this paper, we study the nonparametric estimation of the expected shortfall regression when the exogenous observation is functional. The constructed estimator is obtained by combining the double kernels estimator of both conditional value at risk and conditional density function. The asymptotic proprieties of this estimator are established under weak dependency condition. Precisely, we assume that the observations are generated from quasi-associated functional time series and we prove the almost complete convergence of the constructed estimator. This asymptotic result is obtained under a standard condition of functional time series analysis. The finite sample performance of this estimator is evaluated using artificial data.
Power deposition and focusing in a lossy cylinder by a concentric phased array

We present an analysis of phased array applicators for heating of torso, limbs, and neck. A homogeneous cylindrical model is adopted for the calculations. Four-, eight-, and 16-horn apertures are considered. Focusing of power is demonstrated for an operation frequency of 915 MHz in a cylindrical phantom of radius 5.2 cm, with a conductivity of 1.28 S/m and a relative permittivity of 51. Experimental verification is shown for the case with four-horn applicators. We thus demonstrate that by controlling the relative phases and amplitudes of the aperture sources, it is possible to focus electromagnetic power at desired locations such as tumors.
Phonon dispersion and thermal conductivity of nanocrystal superlattices using three-dimensional atomistic models

A computational study of thermal conductivity and phonon dispersion of gold nanocrystal superlattices is presented. Phonon dispersion curves, reported here for the first time from combined molecular dynamics and lattice dynamics calculations, show multiple phononic band gaps and consist of many more dispersion branches than simple atomic crystals. Fully atomistic three dimensional molecular dynamics calculations of thermal conductivity using the Green Kubo method are also performed for the first time on these materials. Thermal conductivity is observed to increase for increasing nanocrystal core size and decrease for increasing surface ligand density. Our calculations predict values in the range 0.1–1 W/m K that are consistent with reported experimental results.
Hyperfine structure and isotope shift in Tl II with astrophysical applications

Fourier transform (FT) spectra of Tl II with resolved hyperfine structure (hfs) have been analyzed in the region 1790-3400 Angstrom. Measured isotope shifts (IS) for two transitions, including the S-1-P-3 intercombination line to the ground state at 1908.6 Angstrom are reported. Accurate Ritz wavelengths for isotope and hyperfine components of the S-1-P-1 resonance line at 1321.6 Angstrom are given. The accuracy is better than 0.3 m Angstrom for measured wavelengths and better than 0.4 m Angstrom for the Ritz wavelengths. Theoretical multi-configuration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) calculations, including core polarization, show that the LS-allowed 1321.6 Angstrom transition is a factor of 30 stronger than the intercombination line at 1908.6 Angstrom. The application of the new Tl II data to astrophysical spectra obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope is discussed. (Less)
An improved multi-objective cross-entropy method for inverse problems

An improved vector cross-entropy (CE) method is proposed to provide a potential candidate for solving multi- objective inverse problems with a large number of variables. To balance the exploitation and exploration searches, the whole iterative process is divided into two phases: diversification and intensification phases. Different parameter evolutionary mecha- nisms of the probability density functions (pdfs) are proposed for different phases. To speed up the convergence rate, a dynamic evolutionary mechanism is proposed. To enhance the diversity of the sampling points, a mutation manipulation is introduced. The ZDT test functions and a high frequency inverse problem are used as the case studies to testify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
A projected Newton algorithm for the dual convex program of elastoplasticity

In this paper, we study a dual optimization problem that arises when taking a mathematical programming approach to incremental state update in nonlinear problems. The mathematical programming approach stems from energy‐based descriptions of constitutive models. We describe a projected Newton algorithm to solve the dual optimization problem. This algorithm requires solution of an unconstrained optimization problem at the integration point level, rather than a constrained one as carried out by classical return‐mapping schemes. Especially, implementation of multi‐surface plasticity models is no more involved than that of single‐surface models. We explore characteristics and performance of the projected Newton algorithm through numerical examples. Insights gained from such a further exploration of mathematical programming algorithms are likely to aid in development of successive convex programming approaches to geometric nonlinear and other non‐convex problems such as non‐associated flow models. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expert opinion based optimziation of CNC machining parameters for Al-CNT composites using fuzzy TOPSIS method

Machinability of Al-CNT composites at optimum conditions of machining parameters saves a lot of time, improves quality of machined components at minimum possible cost of machining. In conventional methods, controlled experimentation is performed. In order to obtain best machining parameters, optimization methods are applied but they are inadequate in many situations. Hence, an attempt was made in this work to collect subjective data for response parameters such as, quality, cost, and time, from selected experts in this field for various combinations of input process parameters of CNC milling machine for the case of Al-CNT composites with high-speed steel as tool material. 27 sets of experiments were devised for various combinations of machining parameters systematically by taking cutting speed (in rpm), feed, step over ratio, and depth of cut each at 3 levels. Two experts were invited for collection of data for the response parameters and three experts were involved for giving weightages for the response parameters. Fuzzy trapezoidal membership functions were made use of, for representing fuzzy set and fuzzy Technique and TOPSIS method was applied for finding the best solution. Results revealed that best solution was obtained for a spindle speed of 3000 rpm, feed of 150 mm rev−1, step-over ratio of 0.5, and depth of cut of 0.2 mm.
Warped throat geometries and low-energy spectrum of confining gauge theories

OF THE DISSERTATION Warped Throat Geometries and Low-Energy Spectrum of Confining Gauge Theories by Dmitry Melnikov Dissertation Director: Michael R. Douglas String theory on the warped deformed conifold, which in the low-energy limit was described by Klebanov and Strassler, is by now the only known consistent example of the supergravity dual of a four dimensional confining (supersymmetric) gauge theory. In this work bosonic supergravity excitations over the Klebanov-Strassler background are studied. The excitation correspond to the low-energy states of a dual N = 1 supersymmetric gauge theory. Discovered states are distributed among seven supermultiplets, for which the gauge theory description is determined. This investigation is in particular motivated by an example of the low-energy spectrum in the pure glue gauge theory in the model that might be relevant for the new physics at the LHC.
Three-dimensional imaging of individual hafnium atoms inside a semiconductor device

The aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope allows probes to be formed with less than 1-A diameter, providing sufficient sensitivity to observe individual Hf atoms within the SiO2 passivating layer of a HfO2∕SiO2∕Si alternative gate dielectric stack. Furthermore, the depth resolution is sufficient to localize the atom positions to half-nanometer precision in the third dimension. From a through-focal series of images, we demonstrate a three-dimensional reconstruction of the Hf atom sites, representing a three-dimensional map of potential breakdown sites within the gate dielectric.
Development of the Discrete Adjoint for a Three-Dimensional Unstructured Euler Solver

The discrete adjoint of a reconstruction-based unstructured finite volume formulation for the Euler equations is derived and implemented. The matrix-vector products required to solve the adjoint equations are computed on-the-fly by means of an efficient two-pass assembly. The adjoint equations are solved with the same solution scheme adopted for the flow equations. The scheme is modified to efficiently account for the simultaneous solution of several adjoint equations. The implementation is demonstrated on wing and wing-body configurations.
Coalescence of Black-Hole Binaries: from Theoretical Source Models to Applications in Gravitational-Wave Astronomy

To date, gravitational waves have not yet been observed directly, but strong evidence supports their existence.With current ground-based interferometers operating at their design sensitivity, their upgraded versions approved to be commissioned within the next ve years and a space-based antenna in design stages, the need for optimal data analysis strategies becomes pressing. Signals coming from binary systems of compact objects, such as neutron stars and black holes, are expected to stand among the most promising candidates for the rst detection of gravitational waves. is work focuses on improving existing detection techniques for gravitational-wave signals from binaries of black holes. e current post-Newtonian approach is valid until the compact objects become so close to each other that the weak-eld approximation to general relativity breaks down. At that point, one needs to resort to full numerical relativity methods in order to solve Einstein’s equations. It was only recently that the eld succeeded in providing stable solutions and in extracting the gravitational radiation associated to the merger of the binary. Ever since, an increasing number of simulations exploring larger parts of the parameter space have become available. is dissertation presents a new waveform model to describe the gravitational radiation of the full coalescence of a binary of black holes, from the initial inspiral phase through the merger until the nal ringdown to a stationary black hole. Analytical and numerical approaches to the binary black-hole problem are brought together to present a joint description of the coalescence process. e parameter space that our model covers corresponds to that of comparable-mass, spinning, non-precessing binaries. e inclusion of these waveforms as lters in current searches for gravitational waves with ground-based detectors will have an immediate impact in their performance. On one hand, the extension of the waveforms past the post-Newtonian stage would allow more massive systems to be surveyed. On the other hand, the spin of the black-hole system aects its detectability, in a way that can now be quantied. Further related work contained in this dissertation presents the latest searches for compact binaries in the output of the rst-generation ground-based detectors; in addition, we describe the results of a search for numerical relativity signals incorporated into Gaussian data as a way of assessing the performance of current data analysis search strategies; nally, the potential detection and characterization of black-hole binaries with total mass between hundreds and tens of thousands of solar masses is suggested, which could be possible with future-generation interferometers. e main focus of this dissertation is thus the connection between theoretical solutions of the binary black-hole problem and their direct application in gravitational-wave data analysis and astrophysics.
Reliable Operation of GaInAsP/InP Distributed Feedback Laser with Wirelike Active Regions

A continuous-wave (CW) life test of 1550 nm wavelength buried-heterostructure distributed feedback (BH-DFB) lasers with wirelike active regions, fabricated by CH4/H2 reactive-ion-etching (RIE) and organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE), was performed at room temperature. No degradations in lasing characteristics were observed after an aging time of 8200 h at a bias current of around 10 times the threshold value.
Analysis of the uniform rate equation model of laser dynamics

The spatially independent laser rate equation model is generalized to include multimode effects, and it is also shown that the same description of laser behavior as provided by the single-mode model results. Analytical expressions for the steady-state values of the variables in all modes are derived. It is shown that a singularity at the oscillation threshold exists in the steady-state equations which is responsible for the laser action. It is further demonstrated that the inverted population and the photon density in off-axis modes saturates above threshold, whereas the photon density in the primary mode increases linearly with pump rate above threshold. The exact time-dependent solutions are determined numerically, and it was found that the spiking separation and decay time could change by more than 50 percent of their values at the start of laser emission to the region of steady-state oscillation, even when the pump is assumed to be time independent. The linearized expressions for the spiking parameters are, therefore, inadequate-despite their frequent use-to describe phenomena appearing in the early portions of the spiking trace. A comparison with five experimental cases is also made. It was found that this model, with all modes included, provides no improvement over the single mode model, and cannot account for the irregular or undamped spiking or even the multimode oscillations observed experimentally.
Spectral sharpening of the Pt L edges by high-resolution x-ray emission

The platinum ${2p}_{3/2},$ ${2p}_{1/2},$ and $2s$ x-ray absorption spectra, recorded by monitoring the fluorescence intensity with eV energy resolution, show a spectral broadening that is significantly less than the $2p$ and $2s$ core hole lifetime broadening. The background of such spectral sharpening is discussed. It is shown, experimentally as well as theoretically, that the lifetime broadening of the $2p$ and $2s$ core holes is replaced by a new lifetime broadening. It is demonstrated that from the combination of normal x-ray absorption, selective x-ray absorption, and x-ray emission, the individual lifetimes of all participating core states can be determined. The difference between the ${5d}_{5/2}$ and ${5d}_{3/2}$ densities of states can be obtained from a combination of the ${2p}_{1/2}$ and ${2p}_{3/2}$ x-ray absorption spectra. The present spectra are limited by the experimental resolution. With the prospect of an improved experimental resolution for x-ray excitation and decay, the Pt edge absorption spectra could be obtained with even better resolution, thus providing a high-resolution hard x-ray probe of the empty density of states with important advantages for in-situ and high-pressure studies.
Slow, fast and arbitrary growth conditions for renewal-reward processes when both the renewals and the rewards are heavy-tailed

Consider M independent and identically distributed renewal-reward processes with heavy-tailed renewals and rewards that have either finite variance or heavy tails. Let W*(Ty, M), y E [0, 1], denote the total reward process computed as the sum of all rewards in M renewal-reward processes over the time interval [0, T]. If T 00oc and then M oc, Taqqu and Levy have shown that the properly normalized total reward process W*(T., M) converges to the stable Levy motion, but, if M 00 followed by T o00, the limit depends on whether the tails of the rewards are lighter or heavier than those of renewals. If they are lighter, then the limit is a self-similar process with stationary and dependent increments. If the rewards have finite variance, this self-similar process is fractional Brownian motion, and if they are heavy-tailed rewards, it is a stable non-Gaussian process with infinite variance. We consider asymmetric rewards and investigate what happens when M and T go to infinity jointly, that is, when M is a function of T and M= M(T)-+ 00oc as T o00. We provide conditions on the growth of M for the total reward process W*(T-, M(T)) to converge to any of the limits stated above, as T o00. We also show that when the tails of the rewards are heavier than the tails of the renewals, the limit is stable Levy motion as M = M(T) 0oc, irrespective of the function M(T).
The Development of Upper-Tropospheric Wind over the Western Hemisphere in Association with MJO Convective Initiation

AbstractThis study examines the structure and driving mechanisms of upper-tropospheric intraseasonal zonal wind anomalies over the Western Hemisphere (WH) during the convective initiation of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) over the Indian Ocean using composite and budget analyses. The initiating MJO convection is more often associated with WH upper-tropospheric intraseasonal easterly wind anomalies, and when it is, it tends to develop a stronger and zonally broader envelope of enhanced convection than events associated with westerly wind anomalies. The WH upper-tropospheric zonal wind anomaly associated with the MJO is often described as a dry Kelvin wave radiated from MJO convection, but the results show that both the structure and driving mechanisms are different from the ones of theoretical Kelvin waves. Unlike the theoretical Kelvin wave, the zonal wind anomaly is not driven mainly by the zonal pressure gradient force and it is strongly coupled with rotational wind associated with subtropical and .
Cardiovascular autonomic rhythms in spontaneous pupil fluctuations

The aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between spontaneous pupil diameter fluctuations and autonomic rhythms of cardiovascular variability signals. ECG, Finapres and respiration data from 10 normal subjects were recorded simultaneously to spontaneous pupil diameter fluctuations obtained from a portable infrared TV pupillometer. Power spectra of pupillary fluctuations showed in all the subjects a respiratory component with significant spectral coherence with the high frequency components of the tachogram and systogram. Moreover a discrete power distribution in the low frequency band have been identified; coherence with LF power in tachograms and systograms was significant in 6/10 subjects. It is concluded that cardiovascular autonomic rhythms can be detected in spontaneous pupil diameter fluctuations.
Enhanced nuclear level decay in hot dense plasmas

A model of nuclear level decay in a plasma environment is described. Nuclear excitation and decay by photon processes, nuclear excitation by electron capture, and decay by internal conversion are taken into account. The electrons in the plasma are described by a relativistic average atom model for the bound electrons and by a relativistic Thomas-Fermi-Dirac model for the free electrons. Nuclear decay of isomeric level may be enhanced through an intermediate level lying above the isomer. An enhanced nuclear decay rate may occur for temperatures far below the excitation energy of the transition to the intermediate level. In most cases, the enhancement factor may reach several decades.
The Angular Power Spectrum of the First-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Data Reanalyzed

We measure the angular power spectrum of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) first-year temperature anisotropy maps. We use the Spatially Inhomogeneous Correlation Estimator (SpICE) to estimate Cl's for multipoles l = 2-900 from all possible cross-correlation channels. Except for the map-making stage, our measurements provide an independent analysis of that by G. Hinshaw et al. Despite the different methods used, there is virtually no difference between the two measurements for l ≲ 700; the highest l's are still compatible within 1 σ errors. We use a novel intrabin variance method to constrain Cl errors in a model-independent way. Simulations show that our implementation of the technique is unbiased within 1% for l ≳ 100. When applied to WMAP data, the intrabin variance estimator yields diagonal errors ~10% larger than those reported by the WMAP team for 100 < l < 450. This translates into a 2.4 σ detection of systematics, since no difference is expected between the SpICE and the WMAP team estimator window functions in this multipole range. With our measurement of the Cl's and errors, we get a χ2 per degree of freedom (dof) of 1.042 for a best-fit ΛCDM model, which has a 14% probability, whereas the WMAP team obtained χ2/dof = 1.066, which has a 5% probability. We assess the impact of our results on cosmological parameters using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations. From WMAP data alone, assuming spatially flat power-law ΛCDM models, we obtain the reionization optical depth τ = 0.145 ± 0.067, spectral index ns = 0.99 ± 0.04, Hubble constant h = 0.67 ± 0.05, baryon density Ωbh2 = 0.0218 ± 0.0014, cold dark matter density ΩCDMh2 = 0.122 ± 0.018, and σ8 = 0.92 ± 0.12, consistent with a reionization redshift zre = 16 ± 5 (68% CL).