Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solvent-Free Chemical Recycling of Polymethacrylates made by ATRP and RAFT Polymerization: High-Yielding Depolymerization at Low Temperatures.

Although controlled radical polymerization is an excellent tool to make precision polymeric materials, reversal of the process to retrieve the starting monomer is far less explored despite the significance of chemical recycling. Here, we investigate the bulk depolymerization of RAFT and ATRP-synthesized polymers under identical conditions. RAFT-synthesized polymers undergo a relatively low-temperature solvent-free depolymerization back to monomer thanks to the partial in-situ transformation of the RAFT end-group to macromonomer. Instead, ATRP-synthesized polymers can only depolymerize at significantly higher temperatures (>350 ˚C) through random backbone scission. To aid a more complete depolymerization at even lower temperatures, we performed a facile and quantitative end-group modification strategy in which both ATRP and RAFT end-groups were successfully converted to macromonomers. The macromonomers triggered a lower temperature bulk depolymerization with an onset at 150 ˚C yielding up to 90% of monomer regeneration. The versatility of the methodology was demonstrated by a scalable depolymerization (~10 g of starting polymer) retrieving 84% of the starting monomer intact which could be subsequently used for further polymerization. This work presents a new low-energy approach for depolymerizing controlled radical polymers and creates many future opportunities as high-yielding, solvent-free and scalable depolymerization methods are sought.
Validity and reliability measures of the Swedish Karolinska version of the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (SK-ECAS)

Abstract Objective Cognitive and behavioral impairment is observed in up to 50% of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (ECAS) is a 5-domain screening tool customized for quick cognitive screening in patients with ALS. Although the ECAS is available in Swedish at the Karolinska University Hospital (SK-ECAS), it has not yet been validated in Sweden stressing the need to assess validity and reliability of the SK-ECAS Version A. Methods The study included 176 patients with ALS or other motor neuron disease diagnosed between September 2017 and October 2021 at the Karolinska ALS Clinical Research Center in Stockholm, Sweden, and 35 age-matched healthy control subjects. SK-ECAS was validated against the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and optimal cutoffs, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated. Results We identified an optimal cutoff of 108 for the SK-ECAS total score and 82 for the SK-ECAS ALS-specific score to detect cognitive impairment. The SK-ECAS showed good performance in indicating abnormal cognition with an AUC of 0.73 for SK-ECAS ALS-specific score and 0.77 for SK-ECAS total score. There was good internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.79. Conclusions This study demonstrates good validity and reliability indices for SK-ECAS Version A for the detection of cognitive impairment in newly diagnosed ALS patients.
Interstellar Ices and Radiation-induced Oxidations of Alcohols

Infrared spectra of ices containing alcohols that are known or potential interstellar molecules are examined before and after irradiation with 1 MeV protons at ∼20 K. The low-temperature oxidation (hydrogen loss) of six alcohols is followed, and conclusions are drawn based on the results. The formation of reaction products is discussed in terms of the literature on the radiation chemistry of alcohols and a systematic variation in their structures. The results from these new laboratory measurements are then applied to a recent study of propargyl alcohol. Connections are drawn between known interstellar molecules, and several new reaction products in interstellar ices are predicted.
How Visibility May Reduce Security Issues in Community Hospitals’ Emergency Departments

This research explored the relationship between visibility and the level of security risks as perceived by nurses and physicians in emergency departments (EDs). Security in EDs has been reported as a major global concern, and visibility has been identified as a design factor impacting behavior. However, few previous studies have rigorously investigated the role of visibility in reduction of ED security risks with evidence-based design approach. There is a lot of significant questions about how visibility impacts the reduction of security issues in EDs. Methods: How visibility may influence ED security was explored via qualitative methods in five EDs using semi-structured one-on-one interviews with 17 clinical staff and 48 hr of field observations. The coding process for both interviews and observational notes followed the principles of naturalistic inquiry. Results: The findings suggest security risks can be decreased by improving visibility. Medical staff (registered nurses and physicians) felt more secure in the EDs with higher visibility. Discussion: This study provides a framework to identify preferable levels of visibility in EDs and proposes design strategies to minimize security issues. Registered nurses and physicians can improve their team’s sense of security by considering visibility throughout their daily practices.
Tuina therapy promotes behavioral improvement and brain plasticity in rats with peripheral nerve injury and repair

Tuina is currently one of the popular complementary and alternative methods of rehabilitation therapy. Tuina can improve patients' pain and mobility function. However, the underlying physiological mechanism remains largely unknown, which might limit its further popularization in clinical practice. The aim of this study is to explore the short‐term and long‐term changes in brain functional activity following Tuina intervention for peripheral nerve injury repair.
Parity-Violating and Parity-Conserving Berry Phases for Hydrogen and Helium in an Atom Interferometer

In the present thesis Berry phases for metastable states of hydrogen and helium exposed to external electromagnetic fields are investigated. One main goal is the derivation of a parity-violating observable incorporating the electroweak mixing angle. The study is done in view of an available high-precision atomic beam spin echo interferometer and with respect to the theoretically very well-known structure of hydrogen. We determine the general properties of parity-violating and parity-conserving Berry phases and their flux-density vector fields distinguished by their behaviour under proper and improper rotations. This allows for extensive analytical investigations and cross-checks of our numerical computations. Regarding hydrogen, we reveal geometry-dependent modifications of atomic lifetimes due to parity-conserving imaginary Berry phases. Deriving the evolution of the atomic wave packets, we establish the theoretical description of an atom interferometer. An analytical expression for the spin echo signal, easily accessible in experiment, is presented and numerically evaluated to extract parity-violating signals. We discuss the implications of the computed parity-violating effects on interferometric precision measurements of the proton’s weak charges. Moreover, we outline the concept of Heisenberg-limited atom interferometry to improve the resolution for measurements of Berry phases. Finally, we present predictions for parity-conserving Berry phases of metastable helium states studied in the Heidelberg experiment.
Assembly of nanostructured lipid carriers loaded gefitinib and simvastatin as hybrid therapy for metastatic breast cancer: Codelivery and repurposing approach

Breast cancer represents a life‐threatening problem globally. The major challenge in the clinical setting is the management of cancer resistance and metastasis. Hybrid therapy can affect several cellular targets involved in carcinogenesis with a lessening of adverse effects. Therefore, the current study aims to assemble, and optimize a hybrid of gefitinib (GFT) and simvastatin (SIM)‐loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (GFT/SIM‐NLC) to combat metastatic and drug‐resistant breast cancer. GFT/SIM‐NLC cargos were prepared using design of experiments to investigate the impact of poloxamer‐188 and fatty acids concentrations on the physicochemical and pharmaceutical behavior properties of NLC. Additionally, the biosafety of the prepared GFT/SIM‐NLC was studied using a fresh blood sample. Afterward, the optimized formulation was subjected to an MTT assay to study the cytotoxic activity of GFT/SIM‐NLC compared to free GFT/SIM using an MCF‐7 cell line as a surrogate model for breast cancer. The present results revealed that the particle size of the prepared NLC ranged from (209 to 410 nm) with a negative zeta potential value ranging from (−17.2 to −23.9 mV). Moreover, the optimized GFT/SIM‐NLC formulation showed favorable physicochemical properties and promising lymphatic delivery cargos. A biosafety study indicates that the prepared NLC has a gentle effect on erythrocyte hemolysis. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that GFT/SIM‐NLC enhanced the killing of the MCF‐7 cell line compared to free GFT/SIM. This study concluded that the hybrid therapy of GFT/SIM‐NLC is a potential approach to combat metastatic and drug‐resistant breast cancer.
Single‐cell profiling of muscle‐infiltrating T cells in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are rare autoimmune systemic diseases characterized by muscle weakness and the presence of muscle‐infiltrating T cells. IIM represent a clinical challenge due to heterogeneity of symptoms and variability of response to immunosuppressive treatment. Here, we performed in‐depth single‐cell sequencing on muscle‐infiltrating T cells and peripheral blood memory T cells in six patients with recently diagnosed IIM. We identified tissue resident memory T‐cell (TRM) signatures including the expression of HOBIT, XCL1 and CXCR6 in the muscle biopsies of all patients with IIM. Clonally expanded T‐cell clones were mainly found among cytotoxic and TRM implying their role in the disease pathogenesis. Finally, identical expanded T‐cell clones persisting at follow‐up in the muscle tissue of two patients suggest their involvement in disease chronicity. Our study reveals a muscle tissue resident memory T‐cell signature in patients with IIM and a transcriptomic map to identify novel therapeutic targets in IIM.
Redescription and new record of Paracapillaria (Ophidiocapillaria) najae (Nematoda: Trichuroidea) in the monocled cobra Naja kaouthia from central Thailand: morphological and molecular insights

Abstract Abstract The parasitic nematode Paracapillaria (Ophidiocapillaria) najae De, 1998, found in the Indian cobra Naja naja is redescribed and re-illustrated in the present study. The monocled cobra Naja kaouthia was discovered to be a new host for this parasite in central Thailand. A comprehensive description extending the morphological and molecular characteristics of the parasites is provided to aid species recognition in future studies. The morphometric characters of 41 parasites collected from 5 cobra specimens are compared with those described in the original studies. Phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA genes were performed to provide novel information on the systematics of P. najae. Similar characteristics were observed in the examined nematode samples, despite being found in different hosts, confirming their identity as P. najae. The molecular genetic results support the species status of P. najae, indicating P. najae is well defined and separated from other related nematode species in the family Capillariidae. Morphological descriptions, genetic sequences, evolutionary relationships among capillariids and new host and distribution records of P. najae are discussed. Paracapillaria najae specimens found in the Thai cobra had some morphological variation, and sexual size dimorphism was also indicated. Paracapillaria najae was found to infect various cobra host species and appeared to be common throughout the Oriental regions, consistent with its hosts' distribution.
Prioritizing parotid gland surgery: A call for the implementation of the MSRSGC classification

The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) is developed to aid diagnosis and management of salivary gland tumors. This study evaluates the time‐to‐treatment initiation (TTI) for parotid gland tumors in the Netherlands and relates these to the MSRSGC classification. Subsequently, the use of the MSRSGC in the Netherlands is evaluated.
Estimação de componentes de variância e predição de valores genéticos pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita (Reml) e melhor predição linear não viciada (Blup) em Pinus.

Foram comparados tres procedimentos de estimacao de componentes de variância visando a predicao de valores geneticos: quadrados minimos (LS), maxima verossimilhanca (ML) e maxima verossimilhanca restrita (REML). A estimacao pelo metodo ML apresentou convergencia mais rapida do que pelo metodo REML. As herdabilidades obtidas pelos metodos ML e REML foram bastante similares e de magnitudes superiores a obtida pelo metodo LS. O procedimento REML, embora computacionalmente mais complicado, foi o mais preciso. A selecao e estimacao de ganhos geneticos devem ser realizadas a partir do procedimento REML iteragindo nas equacoes de modelo misto (BLUP).
GENERALIZED DIVERGENCE CRITERIA FOR MODEL SELECTION BETWEEN RANDOM WALK AND AR(1) MODEL

We investigate a general class of divergence measures among distributions for model selection. As alternative to the classical test of model choice, we introduce kernel type estimators of \alpha-divergence for continuous distributions based on model selection criteria in general non parametric case. We introduce the Divergence Indicator DI method by proposing a test for choosing between a random walk and a regression one, using a unified divergence measure. Under the assumptions of standard type about model densities, the asymptotic properties estimator of the expected divergence between the true unknown model and the candidate model are established. From the point of the resulting statistics divergence estimator, the performance of the discrepancy criteria is discussed and illustrated in various settings in model selection test.
Ceramic absorbed with calcium bicarbonate mesoscopic crystals partially inactivate scrapie prions

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders affecting both humans and animals. The causative agent, prion, is extremely resistant to common disinfection procedures. Thus, effective prion inactivation strategies using relatively safe and less corrosive disinfectants are required. A solution containing CAC‐717, mesoscopic crystals of calcium bicarbonate, exerts both antimicrobial and virucidal activities without apparent harmful effects. This study demonstrated that combined treatment with CAC‐717 absorbed on ceramic (CAC‐717 ceramic) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) substantially reduced the protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) seeding activity of Chandler strain scrapie mouse‐brain homogenates (ScBH). Additionally, bioassays demonstrated that ScBH‐inoculated mice treated with CAC‐717 ceramic in combination with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) did not develop disease. Furthermore, this combination effectively inactivated PMCA seeding activity on ScBH‐coated stainless‐steel wires below the detection limit. Overall, the findings suggest that combined treatment with CAC‐717 ceramic and SDS represents a promising and less damaging approach for prion inactivation.
Serum lipidomics‐based study of electroacupuncture for skin wound repair in rats

Lipid metabolism plays an important role in the repair of skin wounds. Studies have shown that acupuncture is very effective in skin wound repair. However, there is little knowledge about the mechanism of electroacupuncture. Thirty‐six SD rats were divided into three groups: sham‐operated group, model group and electroacupuncture group, with six rats in each group. After the intervention, orbital venous blood was collected for lipid metabolomics analysis, wound perfusion was detected and finally the effect of electroacupuncture on skin wound repair was comprehensively evaluated by combining wound healing rate and histology. Lipid metabolomics analysis revealed 11 differential metabolites in the model versus sham‐operated group. There were 115 differential metabolites in the model versus electro‐acupuncture group. 117 differential metabolites in the electro‐acupuncture versus sham‐operated group. There were two differential metabolites common to all three groups. Mainly cholesteryl esters and sphingolipids were elevated after electroacupuncture and triglycerides were largely decreased after electroacupuncture. The electroacupuncture group recovered faster than the model group in terms of blood perfusion and wound healing (p < 0.05). Electroacupuncture may promote rat skin wound repair by improving lipid metabolism and improving local perfusion.
BurstDECONV: a signal deconvolution method to uncover mechanisms of transcriptional bursting in live cells

Abstract Monitoring transcription in living cells gives access to the dynamics of this complex fundamental process. It reveals that transcription is discontinuous, whereby active periods (bursts) are separated by one or several types of inactive periods of distinct lifetimes. However, decoding temporal fluctuations arising from live imaging and inferring the distinct transcriptional steps eliciting them is a challenge. We present BurstDECONV, a novel statistical inference method that deconvolves signal traces into individual transcription initiation events. We use the distribution of waiting times between successive polymerase initiation events to identify mechanistic features of transcription such as the number of rate-limiting steps and their kinetics. Comparison of our method to alternative methods emphasizes its advantages in terms of precision and flexibility. Unique features such as the direct determination of the number of promoter states and the simultaneous analysis of several potential transcription models make BurstDECONV an ideal analytic framework for live cell transcription imaging experiments. Using simulated realistic data, we found that our method is robust with regards to noise or suboptimal experimental designs. To show its generality, we applied it to different biological contexts such as Drosophila embryos or human cells.
Neuroprotective potential of saroglitazar in 6‐OHDA induced Parkinson's disease in rats

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects 2%–3% of the population worldwide. Clinical presentation of PD includes motor and non‐motor symptoms. The interplay between pathogenic factors such as increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis are responsible for neurodegeneration in PD. Intrastriatal administration of 6‐hydroxy dopamine (6‐OHDA) in rat brain provoked oxidative and nitrosative stress by decreasing endogenous antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Consequently, interleukin‐6, tumour necrosis‐α, interferon‐γ and cyclooxygenase‐2 mediated neuroinflammation leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, involving inhibition of complex‐II and IV activities, followed by apoptosis and degeneration of striatal dopaminergic neurons. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons resulted in reduced dopamine turnover, consequently induced behavioural abnormalities in rats. Activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) have protective role in PD by modulating response of antioxidant enzymes, neuroinflammation and apoptosis in various animal models of PD. Saroglitazar (SG) being dual PPAR‐α/γ agonist activates both PPAR‐α and PPAR‐γ receptors and provide neuroprotection by reducing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of dopaminergic cells in 6‐OHDA induced PD in rats. Thereby, SG restored striatal histopathological damage and dopamine concentration in rat striatum, and behavioural alterations in rats. Thus, SG proved neuroprotective effects in rat model of PD. Potential benefits of SG in rat model of PD advocates to consider it for further preclinical and clinical evaluation.
Penn Healthy Diet survey: pilot validation and scoring

Abstract Though diet quality is widely recognised as linked to risk of chronic disease, health systems have been challenged to find a user-friendly, efficient way to obtain information about diet. The Penn Healthy Diet (PHD) survey was designed to fill this void. The purposes of this pilot project were to assess the patient experience with the PHD, to validate the accuracy of the PHD against related items in a diet recall and to explore scoring algorithms with relationship to the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 computed from the recall data. A convenience sample of participants in the Penn Health BioBank was surveyed with the PHD, the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour recall (ASA24) and experience questions. Kappa scores and Spearman correlations were used to compare related questions in the PHD to the ASA24. Numerical scoring, regression tree and weighted regressions were computed for scoring. Participants assessed the PHD as easy to use and were willing to repeat the survey at least annually. The three scoring algorithms were strongly associated with HEI-2015 scores using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018 data from which the PHD was developed and moderately associated with the pilot replication data. The PHD is acceptable to participants and at least moderately correlated with the HEI-2015. Further validation in a larger sample will enable the selection of the strongest scoring approach.
Genetic diversity of 23 Y-STR loci of the Lisu ethnic minority residing in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan province, Southwest China

Abstract Background The Lisu group is a unique minority in Yunnan province. However, there is a lack of Y-STR population data for Chinese Lisu and the genetic structure of the Lisu group and other populations is unclear. Aim To provide genetic data for 23 Y-STRs in the Chinese Lisu population from Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, as well as to analyse population genetic relationships between Chinese Lisu ethnic minority and other reference groups. Subjects and methods 423 unrelated healthy Lisu males were genotyped using the PowerPlex® Y23 system. Forensic parameters were calculated according to the previously published studies. Genetic structure analysis among Chinese Lisu and other populations was conducted using the YHRD’s AMOVA tools. Results Gene diversity (GD) ranged from 0.2,466 (DYS438) to 0.8,945 (DYS385a/b) among the 23 Y-STR loci. According to haplotype analysis, 323 different haplotypes were obtained, out of which 271 were unique. The haplotype diversity (HD) and discrimination capacity (DC) were 0.9,977 and 0.7,636, respectively. MDS plot indicated that the Chuxiong Lisu group is genetically related to the Yunnan Yi group. Conclusions This is the first report on Y-STR population data for the Chinese Lisu population. These data would be valuable for forensic applications.