Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demand response for residential building heating: Effective Monte Carlo Tree Search control based on physics-informed neural networks

Controlling energy consumption in buildings through demand response (DR) has become increasingly important to reduce global carbon emissions and limit climate change. In this paper, we specifically focus on controlling the heating system of a residential building to optimize its energy consumption while respecting user's thermal comfort. Recent works in this area have mainly focused on either model-based control, e.g., model predictive control (MPC), or model-free reinforcement learning (RL) to implement practical DR algorithms. A specific RL method that recently has achieved impressive success in domains such as board games (go, chess) is Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS). Yet, for building control it has remained largely unexplored. Thus, we study MCTS specifically for building demand response. Its natural structure allows a flexible optimization that implicitly integrate exogenous constraints (as opposed, for example, to conventional RL solutions), making MCTS a promising candidate for DR control problems. We demonstrate how to improve MCTS control performance by incorporating a Physics-informed Neural Network (PiNN) model for its underlying thermal state prediction, as opposed to traditional purely data-driven Black-Box approaches. Our MCTS implementation aligned with a PiNN model is able to obtain a 3% increment of the obtained reward compared to a rule-based controller; leading to a 10% cost reduction and 35% reduction on temperature difference with the desired one when applied to an artificial price profile. We further implemented a Deep Learning layer into the Monte Carlo Tree Search technique using a neural network that leads the tree search through more optimal nodes. We then compared this addition with its Vanilla version, showing the improvement in computational cost required.
Regolith stratigraphy at the Chang'E‐3 landing site as seen by lunar penetrating radar

The Chang'E‐3 lunar penetrating radar (LPR) observations at 500 MHz reveal four major stratigraphic zones from the surface to a depth of ~20 m along the survey line: a layered reworked zone (<1 m), an ejecta layer (~2–6 m), a paleoregolith layer (~4–11 m), and the underlying mare basalts. The reworked zone has two to five distinct layers and consists of surface regolith. The paleoregolith buried by the ejecta from a 500 m crater is relatively homogenous and contains only a few rocks. Population of buried rocks increases with depth to ~2 m at first, and then decreases with depth, representing a balance between initial deposition of the ejecta and later turnover of the regolith. Combining with the surface age, the LPR observations indicate a mean accumulation rate of about 5–10 m/Gyr for the surface regolith, which is at least 4–8 times larger than previous estimation.
Random walk models for the propagation of signalling molecules in one-dimensional spatial networks and their continuum limit

The propagation of signalling molecules within cellular networks is affected by network topology, but also by the spatial arrangement of cells in the networks. Understanding the collective reaction--diffusion behaviour in space of signals propagating through cellular networks is an important consideration for example for regenerative signals that convey positional information. In this work, we consider stochastic and deterministic versions of random walk models of signalling molecules propagating and reacting within one-dimensional spatial networks with arbitrary node placement and connectivity. By taking a continuum limit of the random walk models, we derive an inhomogeneous reaction--diffusion--advection equation, where diffusivity and advective velocity depend on local node density and connectivity within the network. Our results show that large spatial variations of molecule concentrations can be induced by heterogeneous node distributions. Furthermore, we find that noise within the stochastic random walk model is directly influenced by node density. We apply our models to consider signal propagation within the osteocyte network of bone, where signals propagating to the bone surface regulate bone formation and resorption processes. We investigate signal-to-noise ratios for different damage detection scenarios and show that the location of perturbations to the network can be detected by signals received at the network boundaries.
On data-driven Wasserstein distributionally robust Nash equilibrium problems with heterogeneous uncertainty

We study stochastic Nash equilibrium problems subject to heterogeneous uncertainty on the cost functions of the individual agents. In our setting, we assume no prior knowledge of the underlying probability distributions of the uncertain variables. To account for this lack of knowledge, we consider an ambiguity set around the empirical probability distribution under the Wasserstein metric. We then show that, under mild assumptions, finite-sample guarantees on the probability that any resulting distributionally robust Nash equilibrium is also robust with respect to the true probability distributions with high confidence can be obtained. Furthermore, by recasting the game as a distributionally robust variational inequality, we establish asymptotic convergence of the set of data-driven distributionally robust equilibria to the solution set of the original game. Finally, we recast the distributionally robust Nash game as a finite-dimensional Nash equilibrium problem. We illustrate the proposed distributionally robust reformulation via numerical experiments of stochastic Nash-Cournot games.
FAGC:Feature Augmentation on Geodesic Curve in the Pre-Shape Space

Deep learning has yielded remarkable outcomes in various domains. However, the challenge of requiring large-scale labeled samples still persists in deep learning. Thus, data augmentation has been introduced as a critical strategy to train deep learning models. However, data augmentation suffers from information loss and poor performance in small sample environments. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose a feature augmentation method based on shape space theory, i.e., feature augmentation on Geodesic curve, called FAGC in brevity.First, we extract features from the image with the neural network model. Then, the multiple image features are projected into a pre-shape space as features. In the pre-shape space, a Geodesic curve is built to fit the features. Finally, the many generated features on the Geodesic curve are used to train the various machine learning models. The FAGC module can be seamlessly integrated with most machine learning methods. And the proposed method is simple, effective and insensitive for the small sample datasets.Several examples demonstrate that the FAGC method can greatly improve the performance of the data preprocessing model in a small sample environment.
Hierarchical RL-Guided Large-scale Navigation of a Snake Robot

Classical snake robot control leverages mimicking snake-like gaits tuned for specific environments. However, to operate adaptively in unstructured environments, gait generation must be dynamically scheduled. In this work, we present a four-layer hierarchical control scheme to enable the snake robot to navigate freely in large-scale environments. The proposed model decomposes navigation into global planning, local planning, gait generation, and gait tracking. Using reinforcement learning (RL) and a central pattern generator (CPG), our method learns to navigate in complex mazes within hours and can be directly deployed to arbitrary new environments in a zero-shot fashion. We use the high-fidelity model of Northeastern's slithering robot COBRA to test the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical control approach.
Typability and Type Checking in the Second-order -calculus Are Equivalent and Undecidable

Girard and Reynolds independently invented the second-order polymorphically typed lambda calculus, known as System F, to handle problems in logic and computer programming language design, respectively. Viewing F in the Curry style, which associates types with untyped lambda terms, raises the questions of typability and type checking. Typability asks for a term whether there exists some type it can be given. Type checking asks whether a term can be given a particular type. The decidability of these problems has been settled for restrictions and extensions of F and related systems and complexity lower-bounds have been determined for typability in F, but until now their decidability for F has remained unknown. This report proves that type checking in F is undecidable, by a reduction from semi-uniication, and that typability in F is undecidable, by a reduction from type checking. Since there is an easy reduction from typability to type checking, the two problems are equivalent. The reduction from type checking to typability uses a novel method of constructing lambda terms that simulate arbitrarily chosen type environments. All of the results also hold for the I-calculus. 1 Background and Summary This paper is divided into the non-technical and the technical. This section is the non-technical portion. All other sections are technical. 1.1 What are the problems? Over the years, numerous type systems have been devised for Church's-calculus, generally as extensions of the simply typed-calculus. One particularly important type system, the \second-order polymorphically typed-calculus", was independently invented by Girard and Reynolds over twenty years ago Gir72, Rey74]. Girard developed his system (named by chance \System F") to prove properties of second-order logic (hence F is sometimes called \the second-order-calculus") while Reynolds wanted to express polymorphic typing in programming explicitly. Both Girard and Reynolds formulated F in the Church style where types are embedded in terms which are no longer the terms of the pure-calculus. In the Curry style, where type information is kept distinct from the terms, it is meaningful to ask for an arbitrarily chosen-term M:
BEHAVIOUR OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS DURING EBB TIDE IN DUNGUN RIVER ESTUARY, TERENGGANU

a study has been carried out to determine the behaviour of selected water quality (WQ) parameters in Dungun river estuary. Samplings were carried out twice during october 2001 under similar tidal conditions (ebb tide) whereby samples were collected as a function of salinity i.e. along the salinity gradients from 0 ppt (freshwater end-member) to 31 ppt (coastal water end-member). WQ parameters monitored were the general physical parameters (viz. temperature, p h, dissolved oxygen, suspended solids and redox potential), dissolved metals (copper, cadmium and lead), dissolved nutrients (nitrogen- and phosphate-based nutrients) and chlorophyll-a. The physical water quality parameters were measured in situ using a multi-parameter data logger whilst nutrients and chlorophyll-a analyses were carried out based on the colorimetric method. Dissolved metals were analysed using gf-aaS technique following the pre-concentration step using aPDC-MiBk method. Results in general indicated that most of the parameters measured appear to behave non-conservatively with salinity. in the case of nutrients, with the exception of nitrate which exhibited removal behaviour, all other nitrogen- and phosphorus-based nutrients, exhibited addition behaviour in the estuary. Cadmium and lead were also found to behave in a non-conservative manner in the estuary i.e. positive deviation was observed for cadmium whilst lead exhibited a negative deviation from the theoretical dilution line. These observations suggest that the estuary act as a source for cadmium but a sink for lead. Copper on the hand exhibited a linear relationship with salinity indicating a conservative distribution along the estuary. Results obtained in the present study clearly show the different behaviour of a given water quality parameter in the estuary and also illustrate the important role played by Dungun River estuary in modifying the nutrient and metal concentrations during the transportation from the river to the coastal waters.
Implementation Of The Multi-software Solution For The On-the-flyCalculation Of The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) As ADrought Indicator For South African Environment

The subject of this paper is to present the use of the integrated information technology to determine the occurrence and variability of dry (drought) and wet periods in the Republic of South Africa, in order to support environmentalists, meteorologists, climatologists, hydrologists, drought mitigation planners and other professionals/institutions with information on how to put current hydrological/weather (drought) conditions into present historical perspective. What is important to highlight is implementation of the multi-software solution to complete this task. Analysing all steps of the SPI calculation, from the historical rainfall data collection and storage, receiving existing rainfall data from the radar and ground gauging stations (and storage), doing a calculations and finding a solutions for the visualization of the results, was very clear that there is no single software able to fulfil the task. Our decision was to implement a combination of existing software, and write all necessary modules (bridges) to make them working together. Presently we are using the following software: UNIX (Solaris and Linux) for the automation of the FTP data transmission process, Mathematica for time series data analysis and calculation, GIS (Arclnfb/Arc View) and AVS for the visualization and Internet/Intranet (Web) technology as a "medium" for distribution and use of SPI and other parameters. Development & Application of Computer Techniques to Environmental Studies VII, C.A. Brebbia, P. Zannetti & G.Ibarra-Berastegi (Editors) © 2000 WIT Press, www.witpress. com, ISBN 1-85312-819-8 516 Computer Techniques in Environmental Studies
5. PALEOMAGNETISM OF SOME LEG 138 SEDIMENTS: DETAILING MIOCENE MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY1

The aims of this study are twofold. First, the study tries to provide the most reliable chronology possible for two critical sections by correlating the magnetic polarity stratigraphy measured in these sediments with a newly revised geomagnetic polarity time scale. Second, this study attempts to examine in detail the nature of seven short events not included in the shipboard standard time scale, but for which abundant magnetostratigraphic evidence was obtained during the Leg. Data presented here force some modifications of the shipboard interpretations of the magnetostratigraphy of Sites 845 and 844 on the basis of new data generated using discrete samples and from a greater appreciation of the magnetostratigraphic signature of Miocene-age short events. Those short events can be classified into two groups: those that probably reflect short, full-polarity intervals and those that more likely represent an interval of diminished geomagnetic intensity. Three of the seven events documented here correspond well with three subtle features, as seen in marine magnetic profiles, that have been newly included in the geomagnetic polarity time scale as short, full-polarity chrons. One of the seven events corresponds to a poorly defined feature of the marine magnetic record that has also been newly included in the geomagnetic polarity time scale, but which was considered of enigmatic origin. The three remaining events investigated here, although they have not been identified with features in the seafloor magnetic record, are suggested to be events of a similar nature, most likely times of anomalously low geomagnetic intensity. In addition to the Miocene magnetostratigraphic results given, several sets of averaged paleomagnetic inclinations are presented. Although these results clearly show the effects of a residual coring overprint, they demonstrate that paleomagnetic estimates of paleolatitudes can be made which are in good general agreement with ancient site positions calculated using hot spot-based plate reconstructions.
Direct comparison of UK temperatures and Greenland snow accumulation rates, 15000—12000 yr ago

A palaeotemperature record based on fossil coleopteran evidence and dated by accelerator mass spectroscopy (AMS) 14C determinations on plant macrofossils has been obtained for the last glacial-interglacial transition from the site of Gransmoor in eastern England. Calibration of the radiocarbon measurements enabled a direct comparison to be made between this palaeotemperature curve and the snow accumulation record from the GISP-2 Greenland ice-core. The similarity between the two data sets suggests a degree of correspondence in the pattern and timing of climatic change in Greenland and the British Isles at the end of the last cold stage.
Influence of viscoelasticity and interfacial tension of non-alkali binary compound solution on recovery efficiency of residual oil after water flooding

The alkali in the alkali-surfactant-polymer(ASP) flooding system could reduce the viscoelasticity of the polymer solution,which results in the dispersion and migration of clay and the scaling of alkali in the formation and reduction of reservoir permeability.A new surfactant-polymer binary compound system(SP) without alkali was proposed and used to attain ultra-low interfacial tension of oil.The influence of surfactant on the viscoelasticity of surfactant-polymer compound system was analyzed by rheology experiment and the microscopic oil displacement experiment.The effects of viscoelasticity and interfacial tension of SP compound system on recovery efficiency were discussed.The mechanism for enhancing the recovery efficiency of residual oil in SP compound system after water flooding indicated that the mobility control of polymer and the ultra-low interfacial tension of the surfactant could be fully utilized and the residual oil after water flooding was carried out and migrated in the form of "oil thread" and emulsion drops during the displacement of residual oil after water flooding.The recovery efficiency of SP flooding after water flooding increased with the increase of viscoelasticity and the decrease of interfacial tension.Oil displacement effect of reducing interfacial tension(aiming to the ultralow interfacial tension) was more obvious than that of enhancing viscoelasticity of SP compound system.
USArray Receiver Function Images of the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary

As early as the 1920s, Gutenberg (1926) equated the low-viscosity asthenosphere with a seismic low-velocity zone. Regions of high and low velocity in the mantle are today usually determined with tomographic methods. These methods are, however, not very sensitive to sharp boundaries. Converted waves have been used for many years to study boundaries in the mantle. A velocity reduction with depth (possibly the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary, LAB) was found with P -to- S converted waves ( P -receiver functions) beneath North America at ∼100 km depth with a sharpness of about 10 km (Rychert and Shearer 2009). A comparison of the LAB depth from S -receiver functions (see, e.g. , Yuan et al. 2006 and Kumar et al. 2006 for a description of the method and data examples) with that from surface-wave tomography found good agreement in the western United States (Li et al. 2007) and along the East Coast (Rychert et al. 2007). Our results from the California coast are also consistent with the P -to- S and S -to- P images earlier analyzed by Kumar and Kawakatsu (2011), along a profile spanning ocean to continent. A discrepancy exists in the central part of the craton, where the sharp velocity decrease at about 100 km in P -receiver functions (PRF) was confirmed with S -receiver functions (SRF) in contrast to the smooth velocity decrease around 200 km depth known from surface-wave data (Yuan and Romanowicz 2010; Abt et al. 2010; Yuan et al. 2011). The petrophysical nature of the LAB is still very much a subject of discussion ( e.g. , Eaton et al. 2009; Fischer et al. 2010). We think our results from USArray data significantly contribute to this discussion. The earlier results were obtained with relatively few, sparsely distributed seismic stations (Abt et al. 2010). We apply …
The complex magnetic scanning as an effective method to investigate the exposures of Precambrian Basement: example of Ukrainian Shield

A new method of magnetic -depth research outcrops of rocks was proposed in this paper . This combination of methods for studying the magnetic field and magnetic properties " in situ" and laboratory measurements. As an example we present the results of other areas of the Ukrainian shield at the Southern Bug. Compilation of new data on the existing map allows you to combine two previously separate T- anomalies together into a new T- anomaly continued in the north -east. Logical to assume that the banks are on oppositebody ( length 1000 m ), which is the source of the anomalous T.
Depth of active bio‐alteration in the ocean crust: Costa Rica Rift (Hole 504B)

Bio‐alteration of basaltic glass in the oceanic crust has lately attained much attention. One of the many questions related to this topic is the depth at which bio‐alteration presently takes place in the oceanic crust. For this purpose we have investigated samples from the deepest drill hole, i.e. Hole 540B at the Costa Rica Rift in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The glassy rim of pillow lava samples show alteration textures and δ13C values compatible with microbial activity throughout the upper 500 m part of the volcanic succession. The concentration and distribution patterns of carbon and potassium within the microbially altered parts, however, indicate that microbes presently interact with the fresh glass to depths of about 380 m into the volcanic basement, at temperatures up to ≈100 °C.
Land evaluation for land use planning with especial attention to sustainable fodder production in the Rouzeh Chai catchment of Orumiyeh area - Iran

Land evaluation for land use planning with especial attention to sustainable fodder production in the Rouzeh Chai catchment of Orumiyeh area - Iran , Land evaluation for land use planning with especial attention to sustainable fodder production in th. , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Prevalence and factors associated with fatigue in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objectives Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease associated with significant morbidity. Fatigue, a widely recognized disease manifestation, has considerable impacts on patients’ work productivity, physical function and mental well-being. However, the reported prevalence of fatigue varies across studies, and pooled data are currently lacking. We aimed to characterize the prevalence of fatigue in patients with axSpA and to identify factors associated with fatigue. Methods A systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted to determine the global prevalence of fatigue in patients with axSpA. Databases including CINAHL, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched from inception until April 2023. Data were extracted, and the quality of studies was assessed. A pooled prevalence of fatigue was determined by using a random-effects model. Meta-analyses were used to determine the observed heterogeneity via subgroup analysis and associations between relevant predictors and the presence of fatigue. Results Thirty eligible articles were included in the study, including 7893 patients with axSpA. The pooled prevalence of fatigue in patients with axSpA was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.63; I2 = 94.6%), with significant levels of heterogeneity. Among the factors of heterogeneity explored, the geographical region of the study (P = 0.0013) was significant for being a possible source. Poorer quality of life was associated with more fatigue (P < 0.05). Conclusion More than half of patients with axSpA experience fatigue, with poorer quality of life being associated with more fatigue.