Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Web‐based Learning: Sound Educational Method or Hype? A Review of the Evaluation Literature

The first reports of Web-based medical education appear in 1992, building on 30 years of computer-assisted instruction. Proponents claimed computer-assisted instruction is superior to text-based, lecture, and traditional educational methods for reasons that include control by the learner over content, time, and place of learning; enhancement of learning, reasoning, and efficiency; and cost savings. Many studies that reported advantages contained methodologic flaws and reported advantages unrelated to computer-specific features. Web-based learning (WBL) represents a further evolution of computer-assisted instruction. Technical advantages of WBL include universal accessibility, ease in updating content, and hyperlink functions that permit cross-referencing to other resources. These technical advances, specifically hyperlink and searching capabilities, fit the constructivist learning theory, where learners search out and create their own knowledge bases. However, as was evident with computer-assisted instruction, potential advantages may not translate into significant improvements in educational outcomes. With the widespread adoption of WBL, it is critical that medical educators have evidence regarding its performance as a learning medium. This paper reviews the medical, dental, and nursing WBL evaluation literature to: (1) identify which facets of WBL have been evaluated, (2) describe the evaluation strategies used, (3) synthesize the findings, and (4) discuss educational implications and future research directions.
Procesamiento emocional en personas con sintomatología obsesivo-compulsiva

Emotional processing in people with obsessive-compulsive symptomatology. The present study was aimed at assessing obsessive-compulsive symptomatology based on visualization of affective pictures, elaborated following Peter Lang's dimensional model of emotion. Participants were 370 psychology students at Malaga University, selecting those with high and low scores in obsessive-compulsive symptomatology. All participants assessed a set of pictures containing obsessive-compulsive cues using the three scales of the Self-Assessment Manikin: affective valence, arousal, and control/dominance. The results show that participants with high scores in obsessive-compulsive symptomatology experience reduced control over the affective pictures and rate as more unpleasant the neutral and obsessivecompulsive pictures.
Synthesis and Structure of a Terminal Uranium Nitride Complex

UN Coordination Uranium is best known for its radioactivity. From the standpoint of lower-energy chemistry, uranium is also intriguing for its bonding motifs, which involve trinodal f orbitals. King et al. (p. 717, published online 28 June; see the Perspective by Sattelberger and Johnson) synthesized and isolated a molecule bearing a uranium-nitrogen triple bond. Theoretical calculations allowed the mapping of the orbital interactions, distinguishing it from similar motifs in compounds of lighter metals. The preparation required use of a rigid, bulky ligand framework to keep the reactive uranium nitride group from binding to another molecule nearby, a pathway that has plagued prior attempts to prepare this class of compounds. A uranium triple bond to nitrogen makes use of the heavy element’s f orbitals. The terminal uranium nitride linkage is a fundamental target in the study of f-orbital participation in metal-ligand multiple bonding but has previously eluded characterization in an isolable molecule. Here, we report the preparation of the terminal uranium(V) nitride complex [UN(TrenTIPS)][Na(12-crown-4)2] {in which TrenTIPS = [N(CH2CH2NSiPri3)3]3– and Pri = CH(CH3)2} by reaction of the uranium(III) complex [U(TrenTIPS)] with sodium azide followed by abstraction and encapsulation of the sodium cation by the polydentate crown ether 12-crown-4. Single-crystal x-ray diffraction reveals a uranium-terminal nitride bond length of 1.825(15) angstroms (where 15 is the standard uncertainty). The structural assignment is supported by means of 15N-isotopic labeling, electronic absorption spectroscopy, magnetometry, electronic structure calculations, elemental analyses, and liberation of ammonia after treatment with water.
How microchimerism can impart HLA susceptibility in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic inflammatory joint disease, is strongly associated with HLA-DRB1*01 and *04 alleles that have in common similar 5-amino acid motifs in the third hypervariable region of DRB1 (QKRAA, QRRAA, RRRAA), the so called shared epitope (SE). Most patients with RA carry 1 or 2 doses of the SE, with particular genetic combinations at higher risk. In recent work we provided evidence that patients who lack HLA-DRB1*01 and/or *04 alleles can acquire RA susceptibility through fetal, maternal or iatrogenic microchimerism. We also discuss how Mc carrying HLA-DRB1*04 alleles is more likely to be present in the peripheral blood of RA patients compared to Mc carrying HLA-DRB1*01 alleles. We further analyze our results in light of the hierarchy for RA risk with different combinations of the SE. How Mc could contribute to RA susceptibility and whether it also contributes to the hierarchy of risk observed with particular combinations of SE-containing alleles is certainly the beginning of an intriguing story and may offer hope for future therapeutic and/or preventative interventions.
A refractive collimator for synchrotron radiation

We demonstrate that a simple and inexpensive plastic refractive lens may be used to collimate synchrotron radiation. The divergence of an 18.5 keV beam of radiation from an undulator at SPring-8 is reduced from 11 μrad, full width at half maximum, to less than 3.5 μrad, while preserving 75% of the incident intensity.
Conceptual Insight of Etiopathogenesis of ADHD in Ayurvedic Idiom

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a childhood psychiatric disorder found universally across countries with persistently rising incidences. Etiopathogenesis of ADHD is based on multifactorial etiological pathways concerning with neurobiological, genetic and environmental aspect. Although various causal links of the disease are precisely established in modern psychiatry, complete cure of ADHD patient without side-effect is till underachieved target for modern community. In Ayurvedic literature, ADHD is not described as separate clinical entity and hence an effort has been framed out to establish the etiopathogenesis(samprapti) of ADHD in Ayurvedic idiom. The conceptualization of Sampraptiof ADHD is purely based on the concept of vitiated doshdushyasammurchchanain the active presence of khavaigunya. This knowledge of etiopathogenesis may reveal the specific nature of brain dysfunction in ADHD and may help to understand the development of symptomatology of
Job motivation as a correlate of job performance among newspaper workers in Nigeria

Studies show significant correlation between job motivation and job performance in many industries. Such studies are, however, scanty to the Nigerian newspaper industry. Motivation embodies the factors which propel employees to attain high job performance. Since job motivation is instrumental to job performance, literature suggests that its inadequacy could cause low job performance. This is cause for concern, given the importance of job performance in the newspaper industry. Therefore, this study examined job motivation as a correlate of job performance among newspaper workers in Nigeria. The survey method was adopted while questionnaires were used to collect data. The respondents were selected through a combination of stratified and quota sampling techniques. The data were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Hypotheses were tested at 0.5 per cent level of significance. The study found that there was low job motivation among the workers; there was high job performance among them; and job motivation was not a significant correlate of job performance. This suggests that the workers maintain high job performance despite their low job motivation. The study recommends that employers in the newspaper industry should address ways of increasing job motivation in order to avoid industrial rancor and unethical practice. Future studies should attempt a comparative study of job motivation and job performance among Nigerian newspaper workers and those of some other African countries.
Lipid Classes and Fatty Acids in Ophryotrocha cyclops, a Dorvilleid from Newfoundland Aquaculture Sites

A new opportunistic annelid (Ophryotrocha cyclops) discovered on benthic substrates underneath finfish aquaculture sites in Newfoundland (NL) may be involved in the remediation of organic wastes. At those aquaculture sites, bacterial mats and O. cyclops often coexist and are used as indicators of organic enrichment. Little is known on the trophic strategies used by these annelids, including whether they might consume bacteria or other aquaculture-derived wastes. We studied the lipid and fatty acid composition of the annelids and their potential food sources (degraded flocculent organic matter, fresh fish pellets and bacterial mats) to investigate feeding relationships in these habitats and compared the lipid and fatty acid composition of annelids before and after starvation. Fish pellets were rich in lipids, mainly terrestrially derived C18 fatty acids (18:1ω9, 18:2ω6, 18:3ω3), while bacterial samples were mainly composed of ω7 fatty acids, and flocculent matter appeared to be a mixture of fresh and degrading fish pellets, feces and bacteria. Ophryotrocha cyclops did not appear to store excessive amounts of lipids (13%) but showed a high concentration of ω3 and ω6 fatty acids, as well as a high proportion of the main fatty acids contained in fresh fish pellets and bacterial mats. The dorvilleids and all potential food sources differed significantly in their lipid and fatty acid composition. Interestingly, while all food sources contained low proportions of 20:5ω3 and 20:2ω6, the annelids showed high concentrations of these two fatty acids, along with 20:4ω6. A starvation period of 13 days did not result in a major decrease in total lipid content; however, microscopic observations revealed that very few visible lipid droplets remained in the gut epithelium after three months of starvation. Ophryotrocha cyclops appears well adapted to extreme environments and may rely on lipid-rich organic matter for survival and dispersal in cold environments.
Mutual information-based optimal training design for spatially correlated MIMO-OFDM

This paper deals with the optimal design of training sequences to estimate multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing channels in the presence of spatial fading correlations. The optimal design criterion is the maximization of the mutual information between the unknown channel state information and the received signal in the training period. In contrast to previous methods based on the least square or minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion in which the optimal training sequences can only be found for some extreme cases, here the optimal solution can be exactly obtained by convex programming for a general case. Furthermore, we propose tight bounds on the mutual information and solve the corresponding approximate design problems by the water-filling algorithm. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the superior performance of our methods.
Induction of Dendritic Spines by β2-Containing Nicotinic Receptors

Glutamatergic synapses are located mostly on dendritic spines in the adult nervous system. The spines serve as postsynaptic compartments, containing components that mediate and control the synaptic signal. Early in development, when glutamatergic synapses are initially forming, waves of excitatory activity pass through many parts of the nervous system and are driven in part by a class of heteropentameric β2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (β2*-nAChRs). These β2*-nAChRs are widely distributed and, when activated, can depolarize the membrane and elevate intracellular calcium levels in neurons. We show here that β2*-nAChRs are essential for acquisition of normal numbers of dendritic spines during development. Mice constitutively lacking the β2-nAChR gene have fewer dendritic spines than do age-matched wild-type mice at all times examined. Activation of β2*-nAChRs by nicotine either in vivo or in organotypic slice culture quickly elevates the number of spines. RNA interference studies both in vivo and in organotypic culture demonstrate that the β2*-nAChRs act in a cell-autonomous manner to increase the number of spines. The increase depends on intracellular calcium and activation of calcium, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Absence of β2*-nAChRs in vivo causes a disproportionate number of glutamatergic synapses to be localized on dendritic shafts, rather than on spines as occurs in wild type. This shift in synapse location is found both in the hippocampus and cortex, indicating the breadth of the effect. Because spine synapses differ from shaft synapses in their signaling capabilities, the shift observed is likely to have significant consequences for network function.
Development of a PVDF membrane hydrophone for use in air-coupled ultrasonic transducer calibration

This work describes the use of a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane hydrophone for application in air-coupled transducer calibration. A one-dimensional theoretical analysis is used to demonstrate the potential and performance of PVDF as a hydrophone material over the frequency range 100 kHz to 5 MHz included in the evaluation is the influence of deposited metallic electrode layers on the sensitivity of the material. Experimental validation over the restricted range 400 kHz to 1 MHz is provided by a coplanar 0.028 mm thick membrane hydrophone in conjunction with a custom built 1-3 piezocomposite transmitter. Calibration of the membrane hydrophone is performed by employing a standard hydrophone that has been calibrated to a primary standard in a water medium. Justification for such an approach is presented within the theoretical analysis which provides a close correlation with experimental data. The generation of Lamb waves at critical angles in the PVDF and their subsequent influence on the directional response of membrane hydrophones operating in air is also addressed. A method for partial suppression of the Lamb waves, based around perforation of the membrane (either in whole or in part), is evaluated experimentally with reasonable results.
A Dissimilarity based Hybrid Approach Along with Novel Score Exploration for Event Detection in Social Streams

: The Event detection scheme will helps to detect an event from large dataset and it is also needed preserve the privacy of reviewers because of the social and security issues. A novel recommendation system has been proposed in which depth pre-processing is implemented. In depth pre-processing, the short texts or internet slang acronyms or abbreviations are processed. These short texts are considered to be a mandatory factor for deciding the polarity of user reviews. In the further processing of the user reviews, rather than using the bag-of-words for dictionary compilation, an improved reinforced dictionary formation technique is implemented.A novel feature extraction technique Novel score Exploration(NSE) has been proposed based on considering the positivity, negativity and neutrality along with the a novel user reviews exploration method which will be processed by segregating the user reviews as a sentences, from which the sentence score, position score, modality score and other features are extracted. These additional feature are effective in improving the classification accuracy.
Room temperature detection of individual molecular physisorption using suspended bilayer graphene

Researchers detect individual CO2 physisorption with suspended bilayer graphene based on induced Coulomb impurity scattering. Detection of individual molecular adsorption, which represents the ultimate resolution of gas sensing, has rarely been realized with solid-state devices. So far, only a few studies have reported detection of individual adsorption by measuring the variation of electronic transport stemming from the charge transfer of adsorbate. We report room-temperature detection of the individual physisorption of carbon dioxide molecules with suspended bilayer graphene (BLG) based on a different mechanism. An electric field introduced by applying back-gate voltage is used to effectively enhance the adsorption rate. A unique device architecture is designed to induce tensile strain in the BLG to prevent its mechanical deflection onto the substrate by electrostatic force. Despite the negligible charge transfer from a single physisorbed molecule, it strongly affects the electronic transport in suspended BLG by inducing charged impurity, which can shut down part of the conduction of the BLG with Coulomb impurity scattering. Accordingly, we can detect each individual physisorption as a step-like resistance change with a quantized value in the BLG. We use density functional theory simulation to theoretically estimate the possible resistance response caused by Coulomb scattering of one adsorbed CO2 molecule, which is in agreement with our measurement.
An Investigation into Teachers' First Language Use in a Second Language Learning Classroom Context: A Questionnaire-based Study

Recently the issue of having recourse to second language (L2) learners’ first language (L1) in second language acquisition (SLA) is receiving a great amount of attention in SLA research. There has been a great deal of claims and counter-claims with respect to L1 use in L2 learning. The findings of L2 research to date cast doubt on the rationales of proponents of exclusive use of L2. To date, L2 researchers and practitioners have observed L2 classrooms and have come up with different functions of L1 in L2 learning. The present study investigates teachers’ beliefs and perceptions about L1 use in English-as-a-foreign language (EFL) learning context. To this end, seventy-two L2 teachers volunteered to fill in a questionnaire which probed into their beliefs and perceptions about employing learners’ L1 (Persian) in L2 (English) learning. The data obtained revealed that the L2 teachers used L1 mainly to provide feedback, teach new vocabulary, explain grammar, build rapport, manage the class, give individual help to learners, and save time in lengthy task explanations. Additionally, in contrast to the L2 studies to date in this field, the teachers expressed that they never fall back on learners’ L1 to explain instructions for assignments or projects. The findings might have significant implications for language teachers, in particular in EFL contexts, regarding the facilitative effects of L1 use on L2 learning. The pedagogical implications of the study are explained in detail.
Structural and Mechanistic Analysis of Sialic Acid Synthase NeuB from Neisseria meningitidis in Complex with Mn2+, Phosphoenolpyruvate, and N-Acetylmannosaminitol*

In Neisseria meningitidis and related bacterial pathogens, sialic acids play critical roles in mammalian cell immunity evasion and are synthesized by a conserved enzymatic pathway that includes sialic acid synthase (NeuB, SiaC, or SynC). NeuB catalyzes the condensation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and N-acetylmannosamine, directly forming N-acetylneuraminic acid (or sialic acid). In this paper we report the development of a coupled assay to monitor NeuB reaction kinetics and an 18O-labeling study that demonstrates the synthase operates via a C—O bond cleavage mechanism. We also report the first structure of a sialic acid synthase, that of NeuB, revealing a unique domain-swapped homodimer architecture consisting of a (β/α)8 barrel (TIM barrel)-type fold at the N-terminal end and a domain with high sequence identity and structural similarity to the ice binding type III antifreeze proteins at the C-terminal end of the enzyme. We have determined the structures of NeuB in the malate-bound form and with bound PEP and the substrate analog N-acetylmannosaminitol to 1.9 and 2.2 Å resolution, respectively. Typical of other TIM barrel proteins, the active site of NeuB is located in a cavity at the C-terminal end of the barrel; however, the positioning of the swapped antifreeze-like domain from the adjacent monomer provides key residues for hydrogen bonding with substrates in the active site of NeuB, a structural feature that leads to distinct modes of substrate binding from other PEP-utilizing enzymes that lack an analogous antifreeze-like domain. Our observation of a direct interaction between a highly ordered manganese and the N-acetylmannosaminitol in the NeuB active site also suggests an essential role for the ion as an electrophilic catalyst that activates the N-acetylmannosamine carbonyl to the addition of PEP.
Channel Assignment Algorithms for Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) offer many advantages in terms of scalability, connectivity and reliability. WMN provides multi-hop wireless connectivity between mesh nodes and also allows access to the internet via gateway nodes. Mesh nodes are typically equipped with the single radio interface. In this configuration exists several limitations, such as lower throughput. This paper is focused on the channel assignment algorithms which efficiently utilize multiple radio interfaces to achieve improvement of the network capacity. The simulation model of WMN was created in NS-2 simulator, and the performance of the WMN based on chosen quality of service parameters (QoS) was studied.
Phase-based informed source separation for active listening of music

This paper presents an informed source separation technique of monophonic mixtures. Although the vast majority of the sepa- ration methods are based on the time-frequency energy of each source, we introduce a new approach using solely phase informa- tion to perform the separation. The sources are iteratively recon- structed using an adaptation of the Multiple Input Spectrogram In- version (MISI) algorithm from Gunawan and Sen. The proposed method is then tested against conventional MISI and Wiener filter- ing on monophonic signals and oracle conditions. Results show that at the cost of a larger computation time, our method outper- forms both MISI and Wiener filtering in oracle conditions with much higher objective quality even with phase quantization.
Covering numbers for real-valued function classes

We find tight upper and lower bounds on the growth rate for the covering numbers of functions of bounded variation in the /spl Lscr//sub 1/ metric in terms of all the relevant constants. We also find upper and lower bounds on covering numbers for general function classes over the family of /spl Lscr//sub 1/(dP) metrics in terms of a scale-sensitive combinatorial dimension of the function class.
Changes in Synaptic Morphology Accompany Actin Signaling during LTP

Stabilization of long-term potentiation (LTP) is commonly proposed to involve changes in synaptic morphology and reorganization of the spine cytoskeleton. Here we tested whether, as predicted from this hypothesis, induction of LTP by theta-burst stimulation activates an actin regulatory pathway and alters synapse morphology within the same dendritic spines. TBS increased severalfold the numbers of spines containing phosphorylated (p) p21-activated kinase (PAK) or its downstream target cofilin; the latter regulates actin filament assembly. The PAK/cofilin phosphoproteins were increased at 2 min but not 30 s post-TBS, peaked at 7 min, and then declined. Double immunostaining for the postsynaptic density protein PSD95 revealed that spines with high pPAK or pCofilin levels had larger synapses (+60–70%) with a more normal size frequency distribution than did neighboring spines. Based on these results and simulations of shape changes to synapse-like objects, we propose that theta stimulation markedly increases the probability that a spine will enter a state characterized by a large, ovoid synapse and that this morphology is important for expression and later stabilization of LTP.