Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eleven-Week Preparation Involving Polarized Intensity Distribution Is Not Superior to Pyramidal Distribution in National Elite Rowers

Polarized (POL) training intensity distribution (TID) emphasizes high-volume low-intensity exercise in zone (Z)1 (< first lactate threshold) with a greater proportion of high-intensity Z3 (>second lactate threshold) compared to Z2 (between first and second lactate threshold). In highly trained rowers there is a lack of prospective controlled evidence whether POL is superior to pyramidal (PYR; i.e., greater volume in Z1 vs. Z2 vs. Z3) TID. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of POL vs. PYR TID in rowers during an 11-wk preparation period. Fourteen national elite male rowers participated (age: 20 ± 2 years, maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max): 66 ± 5 mL/min/kg). The sample was split into PYR and POL by varying the percentage spent in Z2 and Z3 while Z1 was clamped to ~93% and matched for total and rowing volume. Actual TIDs were based on time within heart rate zones (Z1 and Z2) and duration of Z3-intervals. The main outcome variables were average power in 2,000 m ergometer-test (P2,000 m), power associated with 4 mmol/L [blood lactate] (P4[BLa]), and V˙O2max. To quantify the level of polarization, we calculated a Polarization-Index as log (%Z1 × %Z3 / %Z2). PYR and POL did not significantly differ regarding rowing or total volume, but POL had a higher percentage of Z3 intensities (6 ± 3 vs. 2 ± 1%; p < 0.005) while Z2 was lower (1 ± 1 vs. 3 ± 2%; p < 0.05) and Z1 was similar (94 ± 3 vs. 93 ± 2%, p = 0.37). Consequently, Polarization-Index was significantly higher in POL (3.0 ± 0.7 vs. 1.9 ± 0.4 a.u.; p < 0.01). P2,000 m did not significantly change with PYR (1.5 ± 1.7%, p = 0.06) nor POL (1.5 ± 2.6%, p = 0.26). V˙O2max did not change (1.7 ± 5.6%, p = 0.52 or 0.6 ± 2.6, p = 0.67) and a small increase in P4[BLa] was observed in PYR only (1.9 ± 4.8%, p = 0.37 or −0.5 ± 4.1%, p = 0.77). Changes from pre to post were not significantly different between groups in any performance measure. POL did not prove to be superior to PYR, possibly due to the high and very similar percentage of Z1 in this study.
Strategies for managing pain during endodontic treatment

Many patients associate root canal treatment with pain. Unfortunately, local anaesthetic techniques such as infiltrations and inferior alveolar nerve blocks are not very effective as single injections for acute irreversible pulpitis. This review discusses strategies for more effective pain management for such situations. Pain control before, during and after treatment is essential for effective patient management. Adequate pain control during treatment also reduces post-operative pain. Effective pain management begins with a thorough understanding of the conditions being treated and an accurate diagnosis. In some cases, premedication with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can help reduce intra-operative pain. Pain management during treatment involves standard local anaesthetic solutions and injection techniques plus increased volumes and supplementary injections. Once anaesthesia is achieved, treatment can be commenced and the root canal system can be medicated to relieve pain. These should be followed by flexible post-operative pain management strategies for the individual patient and specific condition.
Novel Enzymes Isolated from Marine-derived Fungi and its Potential Applications

Marine environments provide habitats to a diverse group of microorganisms which play an important role in nutrient recycling by decomposing dead organic matters. In this regard, marinederived fungi can be considered a great source of novel bio-active molecules of environmental and industrial importance. The morphological and taxonomical diversity of marine-derived fungi as compared to their terrestrial counterpart make it more interesting candidate to be explored and utilized in marine biotechnology. Fungi isolated from different marine habitats produce important enzymes with interesting characteristics. As marine-derived fungi have adapted well through evolution to thrive in the extreme marine conditions, they exhibited tremendous level specialization in the form of producing important secondary metabolites particularly novel enzymes which can be considered a better prospect for many future applications. This article discusses novel marine-derived enzymes, isolated from different marine fungi. From recent researches, it is cleared that marine-derived fungi have the potential to produce novel enzymes and important secondary metabolites. Lignin-degrading enzymes are one of the most important products produced by most marine-derived fungi. Future research that concentrates on culturing of rare and unique marine fungi with novel products, with an understanding of their biochemistry and physiology may pave the path for marine myco-technology. United Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Analysis of the Interaction of Primate Retroviruses with the Human RNA Interference Machinery

ABSTRACT The question of whether retroviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), interact with the cellular RNA interference machinery has been controversial. Here, we present data showing that neither HIV-1 nor human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) expresses significant levels of either small interfering RNAs or microRNAs in persistently infected T cells. We also demonstrate that the retroviral nuclear transcription factors HIV-1 Tat and HTLV-1 Tax, as well as the Tas transactivator encoded by primate foamy virus, fail to inhibit RNA interference in human cells. Moreover, the stable expression of physiological levels of HIV-1 Tat did not globally inhibit microRNA production or expression in infected human cells. Together, these data argue that HIV-1 and HTLV-1 neither induce the production of viral small interfering RNAs or microRNAs nor repress the cellular RNA interference machinery in infected cells.
Generating Overview Summaries of Ongoing Email Thread Discussions

The tedious task of responding to a backlog of email is one which is familiar to many researchers. As a subset of email management, we address the problem of constructing a summary of email discussions. Specifically, we examine ongoing discussions which will ultimately culminate in a consensus in a decision-making process. Our summary provides a snapshot of the current state-of-affairs of the discussion and facilitates a speedy response from the user, who might be the bottleneck in some matter being resolved. We present a method which uses the structure of the thread dialogue and word vector techniques to determine which sentence in the thread should be extracted as the main issue. Our solution successfully identifies the sentence containing the issue of the thread being discussed, potentially more informative than subject line.
Java, the good, the bad and the ugly

This paper describes some of the experience gained over the last two years in teaching Java to both second level undergraduates in an Object-Oriented Specialism and to first year Computing undergraduates as a first programming language, and also in the use of Java both in student project work and in the development of an industrial strength graphics application involving in excess of 100 K lines of code.These experiences have brought to light a number of good as well as bad features of the language and in addition a number of language features which whilst not bad or dangerous, form an unnecessary barrier to understanding.Finally, the paper draws some conclusions from the lessons learnt regarding the appropriateness of the choice of Java in preference to other candidates such as Smalltalk and C++ in these two domains of application.
Natural Language Processing and Temporal Information Extraction in Emergency Department Triage Notes

Electronic patient records, including the Emergency Department (ED) Triage Note (TN), provide a rich source of textual information. Processing clinical texts to create important pieces of structured information will be useful to clinicians treating patients, clinicians in training, and researchers and practitioners in biosurveillance. This work applies natural language processing (NLP) and information extraction (IE) techniques to the TN genre of text. In particular, it presents the Triage Note Temporal Information Extraction System (TN-TIES), which combines a shallow parser, machine learned classifiers, and handwritten rules to identify, extract, and interpret temporal information in TNs in preparation for the automatic creation of a timeline of events leading up to a patient’s visit to the ED. The success of TN-TIES suggests that NLP and IE techniques are appropriate for the genre and that the automatic production of a timeline of TN events is a realistic application.
Landau Analysis of the Symmetry of the Magnetic Structure and Magnetoelectric Interaction in Multiferroics

This paper presents a detailed instruction manual for constructing the Landau expansion for magnetoelectric coupling in incommensurate ferroelectric magnets, including ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{3}{\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}$, $\mathrm{Tb}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, $\mathrm{Mn}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, $\mathrm{Tb}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$, $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$, $\mathrm{Cu}\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, and $\mathrm{Rb}\mathrm{Fe}{(\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{O}}_{4})}_{2}$. The first step is to describe the magnetic ordering in terms of symmetry adapted coordinates which serve as complex-valued magnetic order parameters whose transformation properties are displayed. In so doing, we use the previously proposed technique to exploit inversion symmetry, since this symmetry has seemingly been universally overlooked. Inversion symmetry severely reduces the number of fitting parameters needed to describe the spin structure, usually by fixing the relative phases of the complex fitting parameters. By introducing order parameters of known symmetry to describe the magnetic ordering, we are able to construct the trilinear magnetoelectric interaction which couples incommensurate magnetic order to the uniform polarization, and thereby we treat many of the multiferroic systems so far investigated. In most cases, the symmetry of the magnetoelectric interaction determines the direction of the magnetically induced spontaneous polarization. We use the Landau description of the magnetoelectric phase transition to discuss the qualitative behavior of various susceptibilities near the phase transition. The consequences of symmetry for optical properties such as polarization induced mixing of Raman and infrared phonons and electromagnons are analyzed. The implication of this theory for microscopic models is discussed.
UWB-Based Single-Anchor Indoor Localization Using Channel Impulse Response

Indoor localization has many applications in the context of smart buildings that interact with objects and humans. Due to their resilience to multipath fading, high penetration rate and low duty cycles, Ultra-wideband (UWB) radio have been utilized in indoor localization. In the presence of Line-of-Sight (LoS) signals, UWB-based indoor localization system can locate a target with small errors (< 5cm) but in situations with Non-Lineof-Sight (NLoS) signals, UWB systems work at a much reduced accuracy. In this work, NLoS signals are utilized to improve the robustness of the positioning system. The proposed system uses the statistical characteristics of Channel Impulse Response (CIR) of UWB signals in different locations as fingerprints and locates the target node based on previously seen locations. We implement and evaluate our proposed system on Decawave platform. Our evaluation shows that the proposed solution can locate objects within squares of 20cm × 20cm, with an accuracy of 96% using only one anchor which outperforms existing solutions in robustness and accuracy.
Hybridization of a thermoplastic natural rubber composite with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes/silicon carbide nanoparticles and the effects on morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties

The thermal conductivity and mechanical performance of a hybrid multi-walled carbon nanotubes/silicon carbide (MWCNTs/SiC)-reinforced thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) nanocomposite were investigated. TPNR was fabricated from polypropylene, natural rubber (NR) and liquid NR at a volume ratio of 70:20:10, respectively. The Young’s modulus, the tensile strength, and the storage and loss modulus of the nanocomposites with a single filler of MWCNTs or SiC were enhanced compared with those of neat TPNR. The greatest improvements in these properties were achieved at a composition of 1.5 wt% SiC-1.5 wt% MWCNTs-reinforced nanocomposite. In addition, the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of the nanocomposites, determined using a laser flash technique, were improved in the 3 wt% SiCreinforced nanocomposite sample relative to those of the pure sample and the other reinforced nanocomposites. Based on these findings, MWCNTs and SiC could serve as suitable percolated networks of hybrid reinforcement fillers to achieve optimal thermal and mechanical properties in the TPNR matrix. POLYM. COMPOS. , 00:000–000, 2018. VC 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Fast protein folding in the hydrophobic-hydrophilic model within three-eights of optimal

We present performance-guaranteed approximation algorithms for the protein folding problem in the hydrophobic-hydrophilic model (Dill, 1985). Our algorithms are the first approximation algorithms in the literature with guaranteed performance for this model (Dill, 1994). The hydrophobic-hydrophilic model abstracts the dominant force of protein folding: the hydrophobic interaction. The protein is modeled as a chain of amino acids of length n that are of two types; H (hydrophobic, i.e., nonpolar) and P (hydrophilic, i.e., polar). Although this model is a simplification of more complex protein folding models, the protein folding structure prediction problem is notoriously difficult for this model. Our algorithms have linear (3n) or quadratic time and achieve a three-dimensional protein conformation that has a guaranteed free energy no worse than three-eighths of optimal. This result answers the open problem of Ngo et al. (1994) about the possible existence of an efficient approximation algorithm with guaranteed performance for protein structure prediction in any well-studied model of protein folding. By achieving speed and near-optimality simultaneously, our algorithms rigorously capture salient features of the recently proposed framework of protein folding by Sali et al. (1994). Equally important, the final conformations of our algorithms have significant secondary structure (antiparallel sheets, beta-sheets, compact hydrophobic core). Furthermore, hypothetical folding pathways can be described for our algorithms that fit within the framework of diffusion-collision protein folding proposed by Karplus and Weaver (1979). Computational limitations of algorithms that compute the optimal conformation have restricted their applicability to short sequences (length < or = 90). Because our algorithms trade computational accuracy for speed, they can construct near-optimal conformations in linear time for sequences of any size.
HABITAT SELECTION OF ANT-TENDED APHIDS ON WILLOW TREES

We studied the spatial distribution of aphid popul ations as a function of host plant’s properties and the ant species associated with them on dispersed willow trees ( Salix alba) in the flood area of river Tisza. Our data based on the ex amination of 63 trees, 10 shoots on each. The presence of tending ants on willows promotes the ma intenance of the aphid species diversity. The density of aphid populations were also positively i nfluenced by the mutualists (mainly by Lasius fuliginosus). The relationships between the different aphid sp ecies and ants were various: Chaitophorus vitellinae showed stronger mutualistic interaction, than Pterocomma species. We have not experienced competitive interactions betwe n aphid populations for services of ants. The different tree attributes had no significant influe nc on the habitat selection of aphids. Spatial distribution of aphids was affected by both the pre sence of ants and their number.
P 27 Calibrating d-PFG Filtered MRI Using a Novel Anisotropic Diffusion Phantom

Diffusion Phantom Michal Komlosh 1, Evren Ozarslan 1, Martin Lizak 1, Ferenc Horkay 1, Peter Basser 1 1 National Institute of Health Introduction: Diffusion MRI methods can provide valuable microstructural in­ formation about tissues and porous media within an imaging volume [1-3], how­ ever, calibrating them is problematic owing to the lack of suitable anisotropic diffusion MRI phantoms. Here we constructed an anisotropic diffusion MRI phantom to calibrate diffusion MRI sequences and validate models that relate the diffusion MRI signal to the MRI pulse sequences and material microstruc­ ture. We then use this phantom to calibrate a d-PFG filtered MRI experiment to measure and map mean pore size [4]. Materials and Methods: This new phantom consists of four 2 mm thick waterfilled glass capillary arrays (GCA) (Photonis USA). The nominal pore diameter of two wafers is 10 μm; that of the other two is 25 μm. D-PFG filtered NMR sequences were acquired by applying two wave vectors sequentially, and by vary­ ing the angle between them from 0◦ to 360◦. A 7 T vertical-bore Bruker DRX microimager was used with PFG NMR parameters: δ = 3.15 ms, Δ = 75 ms, and G between 0 and 221 mT/m; and MRI parameters: TR/TE = 7000/12 ms, FOV = 30 mm and slice thickness = 2 mm. An operator-based modeling frame­ work [5-7], which predicts the MRI signal attenuation due to restricted diffusion within packs of impermeable cylinders as well as a free water compartment for each d-PFG filtered MRI sequence, was used to estimate the pore diameter map. ROI analysis was used to measure the average pore diameter and pixel-by-pixel analysis was applied to create a mean pore diameter map. Results and Discussion: ROI analysis of the d-PFG filtered MRI data yields a pore diameter of 27.7 ± 0.1 and 27.75 ± 0.04 μm for the 25 microns ID wafers
OF FINANCIAL AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS DECEMBER 1975 RISK AMD THE RATE OF RETUR1̂ I ON FINANCIAL ASSETS : SOME OLD VJINE IN NEW BOTTLES

Strides have been made recently in the discovery and refinement of theoretical models which purport to describe the relationship between asset prices and their risk attributes. (See especially Lintner [13,14,15], Sharpe [19], Mosin [17,18] and Fama [7,8.9].) The models have gained widespread acceptance because of their intuitive appeal and because most reported empirical evidence [1,4,5,11,20,21] allegedly supports their predictive value. It is our purpose to analyze critically one aspect of the nature of this evidence, reveal its inherent weakness, and to design an alternative test to examine the risk-return function. After observing the performance of an extremely large number of issues over long periods of time, we find little support for the notion that risk premiums have, in fact, manifested themselves in realized rates of return.
Record Indices and Age-Ordered Frequencies in Exchangeable Gibbs Partitions

The frequencies of an exchangeable Gibbs random partition of the integers (Gnedin and Pitman 2005) are considered in their age-order, i.e. their size-biased order. We study their dependence on the sequence of record indices (i.e. the least elements) of the blocks of the partition. In particular we show that, conditionally on the record indices, the distribution of the age-ordered frequencies has a left-neutral stick-breaking structure. Such a property in fact characterizes the Gibbs family among all exchangeable partitions and leads to further interesting results on: (i) the conditional Mellin transform of the $k$-th oldest frequency given the $k$-th record index, and (ii) the conditional distribution of the first $k$ normalized frequencies, given their sum and the $k$-th record index; the latter turns out to be a mixture of Dirichlet distributions. Many of the mentioned representations are extensions of Griffiths and Lessard (2005) results on Ewens' partitions.
Model design for scalable two-dimensional model-based video coding

Scalable and very low bit rate video coding is vital for audio-visual conversational services over narrow bandwidth channels. A novel model design scheme is proposed in order to make the points of an object model represent the motion more accurately, which will in turn enable better compression. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme.