Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Query Completeness – A Logic Programming Approach

How to manage incomplete information has been studied in database research almost from the beginning. The focus was on how to represent incomplete information and how to compute certain answers. Less attention has been given to describing which parts of a database are complete and how to find out whether a query returns complete answers over a partially complete database. To address these questions, we build on previous work by Motro (1989) and Levy (1995) who formalized when a query is complete over a partially complete database and what it means that parts of the tables are complete. Recently, Razniewski and Nutt (2011) characterized the complexity of various reasoning tasks in this setting. It was open, however, how to implement completeness reasoners in practice. In this work, we introduce the problem of query completeness reasoning and show that it can be mapped elegantly to answer set programming (ASP) over datalog with negation. Then we consider extensions of the original problem that take into account foreign key constraints and finite domain constraints. To encode the extensions, we make use of Skolem functions and of datalog rules with disjunctions in the head. We show the correctness and completeness of the encodings by several characterization theorems. We also discuss a possible approach that takes into account comparisons and show how it can solve this problem if comparisons satisfy some syntactical restrictions. With our encodings we can solve completeness reasoning tasks using the DLV system, which implements answer set programming for disjunctive logic programs. DLV is being developed at TU Vienna and at the University of Calabria.
Negative-feedback regulation of FGF signalling by DUSP6/MKP-3 is driven by ERK1/2 and mediated by Ets factor binding to a conserved site within the DUSP6/MKP-3 gene promoter

DUSP6 (dual-specificity phosphatase 6), also known as MKP-3 [MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) phosphatase-3] specifically inactivates ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) in vitro and in vivo. DUSP6/MKP-3 is inducible by FGF (fibroblast growth factor) signalling and acts as a negative regulator of ERK activity in key and discrete signalling centres that direct outgrowth and patterning in early vertebrate embryos. However, the molecular mechanism by which FGFs induce DUSP6/MKP-3 expression and hence help to set ERK1/2 signalling levels is unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate, using pharmacological inhibitors and analysis of the murine DUSP6/MKP-3 gene promoter, that the ERK pathway is critical for FGF-induced DUSP6/MKP-3 transcription. Furthermore, we show that this response is mediated by a conserved binding site for the Ets (E twenty-six) family of transcriptional regulators and that the Ets2 protein, a known target of ERK signalling, binds to the endogenous DUSP6/MKP-3 promoter. Finally, the murine DUSP6/MKP-3 promoter coupled to EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) recapitulates the specific pattern of endogenous DUSP6/MKP-3 mRNA expression in the chicken neural plate, where its activity depends on FGFR (FGF receptor) and MAPK signalling and an intact Ets-binding site. These findings identify a conserved Ets-factor-dependent mechanism by which ERK signalling activates DUSP6/MKP-3 transcription to deliver ERK1/2-specific negative-feedback control of FGF signalling.
Outcomes of a single centre registry of patients with ischaemic heart disease, qualified for an RF ablation of ventricular arrhythmia after ICD intervention.

BACKGROUND AND AIM Reduction of ICD interventions improves the quality of life and possibly reduces mortality. Ablation reduces ICD interventions in patients with ablatable arrhythmia, but its effectiveness needs to be proven for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) regardless of the type of arrhythmia. Our study was designed to address this issue, but it had to be terminated due to recruitment problems. The reasons for early termination are described in this paper. METHODS Patients with CAD and implanted ICD, who within the past three months survived an episode of VT/VF, were selected for this study. Patients were to be randomised for ablation or pharmacotherapy. A group of 209 patients was screened between June and December of 2007. RESULTS Out of 209 patients, 39 (18.7%) had appropriate ICD therapy during the last three months and were potentially eligible for the trial. Out of 39 patients, 34 could not be randomised, due to the presence of exclusion criteria (n-25) or consent refusal (n-9). Previous ablation (n-10), left ventricular thrombus (n-3) or presence of mitral or aortic artificial valve (n-3) were the most frequent exclusion criteria. During follow-up of 12 months one patient required ablation due to frequent ICD discharges. From the five randomised patients, two were randomised to ablation and three to the pharmacotherapy arm. CONCLUSIONS 1. Ablation might not be suitable as a routine treatment for all patients with ICD interventions, as a significant group prefers not to undergo RF ablation as a routine treatment or there are contraindications for the ablation. 2. There are obstacles in prospective and randomised evaluation of the role of ablation in patients with CAD and ICD interventions, which are related both to patients' medical conditions and to patients' will. These limitations should be taken into account when designing further studies.
Accelerating Cosmologies with an Anisotropic Equation of State

If the dark energy equation of state is anisotropic, the expansion rate of the universe becomes direction dependent at late times. We show that such models are not only cosmologically viable but that they could explain some of the observed anomalies in the cosmic microwave background. The possible anisotropy can then be constrained by studying its effects on the luminosity distance-redshift relation inferred from several observations. A vector field action for dark energy is also presented as an example of such a possibility.
Sleep apnea in infants

Infancy is a developmental period characterized by instability of the control of breathing. Apneas of short duration are common, mostly central, and more frequent during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Obstructive apneas are rare in healthy control infants. Triggering factors such as respiratory syncitial virus infection can increase the frequency and the duration of apneas. Upper airway problems related to bone malformations, soft tissue infiltration, and neurologic lesions are responsible for obstructive apneas, but also for episodes of partial airway obstruction or upper airway resistance syndrome. In certain infants, an apparent-life-threatening event has been related to upper airway anomalies. Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, a rare respiratory control disorder, may be presented by apneas. Polysomnography is the gold standard for the diagnosis of sleep-disordered-breathing in infants. Early diagnosis of abnormal breathing during sleep is of critical importance for the neurocognitive development in infants. ” 1999 Harcourt Publishers Ltd
A Tour of the Jungle of Approximate Dynamic Programming

Approximate dynamic programming has evolved, initially independently, within operations research, computer science and the engineering controls community, all searching for practical tools for solving sequential stochastic optimization problems. More so than other communities, operations research continued to develop the theory behind the basic model introduced by Bellman with discrete states and actions, even while authors as early as Bellman himself recognized its limits due to the “curse of dimensionality” inherent in discrete state spaces. In response to these limitations, subcommunities in computer science, control theory and operations research developed practical methods for solving stochastic, dynamic optimization problems which has emerged as a seemingly disparate family of algorithmic strategies. In this article, we show that there is actually a common theme to these strategies, and underpinning the entire field remains the fundamental algorithmic strategies of value and policy iteration that were first introduced in the 1950’s and 60’s.
Host Country National Reactions to Expatriate Pay Policies: a Model and Implications

We examine the referent selection process of host country national (HCN) employees. We outline the conditions under which they are more likely to select expatriate colleagues as comparative referents and suggest that, when this occurs, they are likely to experience relative deprivation. We also highlight the role of national culture in the process. Our model shifts the focus of overseas assignments research from the expatriate to the HCN, and it also has important practical implications for multinational enterprises sending employees overseas.
A brief review of vision based hand gesture recognition

The evolution of user interfaces shapes the changes in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Direct use of hand as an input device is an attractive method for providing natural HCI. The applications of gesture recognition are manifold, ranging from sign language to medical rehabilitation to virtual reality. In this paper we present a brief review of vision based hand gesture recognition.
Inactivation of c-Cbl Reverses Neonatal Lethality and T Cell Developmental Arrest of SLP-76–deficient Mice

c-Cbl is an adaptor protein that negatively regulates signal transduction events involved in thymic-positive selection. To further characterize the function of c-Cbl in T cell development, we analyzed the effect of c-Cbl inactivation in mice deficient in the scaffolding molecule SLP-76. SLP-76–deficient mice show a high frequency of neonatal lethality; and in surviving mice, T cell development is blocked at the DN3 stage. Inactivation of c-cbl completely reversed the neonatal lethality seen in SLP-76–deficient mice and partially reversed the T cell development arrest in these mice. SLP-76−/− Cbl−/− mice exhibited marked expansion of polarized T helper type (Th)1 and Th2 cell peripheral CD4+ T cells, lymphoid infiltrates of parenchymal organs, and premature death. This rescue of T cell development is T cell receptor dependent because it does not occur in recombination activating gene 2−/− SLP-76−/− Cbl−/− triple knockout mice. Analysis of the signal transduction properties of SLP-76−/− Cbl−/− T cells reveals a novel SLP-76– and linker for activation of T cells–independent pathway of extracellular signal–regulated kinase activation, which is normally down-regulated by c-Cbl.
An operational test of a three‐factor theory of classroom social perception

To test the cross-cultural generalizability of measures of student perception of the social enviornment of learning and an operationalization of the social environment of learning and an operationalization of a three-factor theory of the social-psychological properties of small groups (Moos-Bales), the mean end-of-course achievement scores of 166 groups of studious and nonstudies members of 83 general science classes randomly sampled in the State of Rajasthan, India, were regressed on group perception of affect, task orientation, and competitveness (derived from scales of the Learning Enviornment Inventory, LEI, translated into Hindi) and control variables–school and teacher characteristics, and student IQ sex, and socioeconomic status. Nine variables selected for unique contribution to accountable variance in achievement included the four perceptual factors, produced a multiple correlation R of . 86, and a cross-validated R of . 83 in an independent sample of 67 social studies casses.
Cerebral Microbleeds: Their Associated Factors, Radiologic Findings, and Clinical Implications

Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are tiny, round dark-signal lesions that are most often detected on gradient-echo MR images. CMBs consist of extravasations of blood components through fragile microvascular walls characterized by lipohyalinosis and surrounding macrophages. The prevalence of CMBs in elderly subjects with no history of cerebrovascular disease is around 5%, but is much higher in patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Development of CMBs is closely related to various vascular risk factors; in particular, lobar CMBs are thought to be associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. The presence of CMBs has been hypothesized to reflect cerebral-hemorrhage-prone status in patients with hypertension or amyloid microangiopathy. Stroke survivors with CMBs have been consistently found to have an elevated risk of subsequent hemorrhagic stroke or an antithrombotic-related hemorrhagic complication, although studies have failed to establish a link between CMBs and hemorrhagic transformation after thrombolytic treatment. A large prospective study is required to clarify the clinical significance of CMBs and their utility in a decision-making index.
Screening for and detection of depression, panic disorder, and PTSD in public-sector obstetric clinics.

OBJECTIVE This study assessed rates of detection and treatment of minor and major depressive disorder, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder among pregnant women receiving prenatal care at public-sector obstetric clinics. METHODS Interviewers systematically screened 387 women attending prenatal visits. The screening process was initiated before each woman's examination. After the visit, patients were asked whether their clinician recognized a mood or anxiety disorder. Medical records were reviewed for documentation of psychiatric illness and treatment. RESULTS Only 26 percent of patients who screened positive for a psychiatric illness were recognized as having a mood or anxiety disorder by their health care provider. Moreover, clinicians detected disorders among only 12 percent of patients who showed evidence of suicidal ideation. Women with panic disorder or a lifetime history of domestic violence were more likely to be identified as having a psychiatric illness by a health care provider at some point before or during pregnancy. All women who screened positive for panic disorder had received or were currently receiving mental health treatment outside the prenatal visit, whereas 26 percent of women who screened positive for major or minor depression had received or were currently receiving treatment outside the prenatal visit. CONCLUSIONS Detection rates for depressive disorders in obstetric settings are lower than those for panic disorder and lower than those reported in other primary care settings. Consequently, a large proportion of pregnant women continue to suffer silently with depression throughout their pregnancy. Given that depressive disorders among perinatal women are highly prevalent and may have profound impact on infants and children, more work is needed to enhance detection and referral.
Drug Actions Interactions & Reactions

Four antioxidants, propyl gallate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene and D-a-tocopherol acid succinate were found to stabilize amphotericin B (AB) and to prolong its antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Although each of the antioxidants was effective in this respect, propyl gallate and butylated hydroxyanisole were better than butylated hydroxytoluene and D-a-tocopherol acid succinate. None of the antioxidants alone adversely affected normal cell growth. It is suggested that AB instability is due, at least in part, to lability of the carbon-carbon double bonds of the polyene moiety toward autoxidation. By protecting the drug molecule with an antioxidant, it is possible to significantly lower the quantity of AB necessary to obtain particular antifungal effects, according to Andrews, Beggs and Sarosi in Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 11:615-618 (April) 1977. (3 figures, 21 ref.) Reprints: Fred A. Andrews, General Medical Research Service, Veterans Administration Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55417.
Highly Successful Women Administrators: The Inside Stories of How They Got There

Foreword - Patricia Schmuck Introduction Our Story Lesson 1 Be Prepared Lesson 2 Plan for Your Career Lesson 3 Persevere Lesson 4 Be Diligent and Professional Lesson 5 Honor, Preserve and Protect Your Integrity Lesson 6 Reach Out to and through Others Lesson 7 Practice What You Seek: The Importance of Mentoring Lesson 8 Lead by Example The Evolution of Issues Related to Leadership and Gender The Collective Voice 'Go For It! '
Telomerase Is Essential to Alleviate Pif1-Induced Replication Stress at Telomeres

Pif1, an evolutionarily conserved helicase, negatively regulates telomere length by removing telomerase from chromosome ends. Pif1 has also been implicated in DNA replication processes such as Okazaki fragment maturation and replication fork pausing. We find that overexpression of Saccharomyces cervisiae PIF1 results in dose-dependent growth inhibition. Strong overexpression causes relocalization of the DNA damage response factors Rfa1 and Mre11 into nuclear foci and activation of the Rad53 DNA damage checkpoint kinase, indicating that the toxicity is caused by accumulation of DNA damage. We screened the complete set of ∼4800 haploid gene deletion mutants and found that moderate overexpression of PIF1, which is only mildly toxic on its own, causes growth defects in strains with mutations in genes involved in DNA replication and the DNA damage response. Interestingly, we find that telomerase-deficient strains are also sensitive to PIF1 overexpression. Our data are consistent with a model whereby increased levels of Pif1 interfere with DNA replication, causing collapsed replication forks. At chromosome ends, collapsed forks result in truncated telomeres that must be rapidly elongated by telomerase to maintain viability.
Physical Activity, Physical Self-Concept, and Health-Related Quality of Life of Extreme Early and Late Maturing Adolescent Girls

In this study we tested for differences in physical activity (PA), physical self-concept, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between the least and most biologically mature adolescent females within their respective chronological and academic year groups. A total of 222 British female adolescents aged 10 to 14 years ( X ¯ age = 12.7 years; SD = .8) completed a series of instruments assessing PA, physical self-concept, and HRQoL. Percentage of predicted adult stature was used as an index of biological maturation. A series of univariate analyses of covariance (ANCOVA), controlling for chronological age, revealed that the most mature girls within the chronological and academic year groups generally reported lower levels of physical self-concept and, to a lesser extent, PA and HRQoL when compared to the least mature girls. The findings provide partial support toward the contention that maturity-associated variance in health-related outcomes is accentuated at the extreme ends of the biological maturity continuum.
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Objective: To assess the feasibility, safety, and diagnostic accuracy of transoesophageal atrial pacing stress echocardiography (TAPSE) combined with two dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for evaluation of coronary perfusion in patients undergoing arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. Design: TAPSE combined with TTE was performed at the end of cardiac catheterisation. An ischaemic response was defined as > 1.5 mm horizontal or downsloping ST segment depression or as a new or worsened wall motion abnormality. The results were compared with results of coronary angiography. Setting: Tertiary referral centre for paediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery. Patients: 25 patients, mean (SD) age 29.5 (19) months, mean (SD) weight 12.5 (3.4) kg. Main outcome measures: Target heart rate (200 beats/min) was attained in 22 of 25 (88%) patients. Electrocardiographic ischaemic changes occurred in 4 of 25 (16%) and wall motion abnormalities in 3 of 25 (12%). Coronary obstructions were found in 2 of 25 (8%) patients. Results: The test was feasible in all patients, without clinical complications requiring treatment. Compared with coronary angiography, the test had a sensitivity and a specificity of 100% and 95%, respectively, for the echocardiographic stress, and of 100% and 91%, respectively, for the electrocardiographic stress. The negative predictive value was 100% for both the echocardiographic and the electrocardiographic stress tests. The positive predictive value was 66% for the echocardiographic stress and 50% for the electrocardiographic stress tests. Conclusions: In these patients TAPSE combined with TTE was feasible and safe and apparently an accurate diagnostic method for evaluation of coronary perfusion. Patients with a negative test may have a low likelihood of major coronary abnormalities and may not require coronary angiography.
Higher-Order Clique Reduction without Auxiliary Variables

We introduce a method to reduce most higher-order terms of Markov Random Fields with binary labels into lower-order ones without introducing any new variables, while keeping the minimizer of the energy unchanged. While the method does not reduce all terms, it can be used with existing techniques that transformsarbitrary terms (by introducing auxiliary variables) and improve the speed. The method eliminates a higher-order term in the polynomial representation of the energy by finding the value assignment to the variables involved that cannot be part of a global minimizer and increasing the potential value only when that particular combination occurs by the exact amount that makes the potential of lower order. We also introduce a faster approximation that forego the guarantee of exact equivalence of minimizer in favor of speed. With experiments on the same field of experts dataset used in previous work, we show that the roof-dual algorithm after the reduction labels significantly more variables and the energy converges more rapidly.
Functional Diversity of Human Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor TCF4 Isoforms Generated by Alternative 5′ Exon Usage and Splicing

Background Transcription factor 4 (TCF4 alias ITF2, E2-2, ME2 or SEF2) is a ubiquitous class A basic helix-loop-helix protein that binds to E-box DNA sequences (CANNTG). While involved in the development and functioning of many different cell types, recent studies point to important roles for TCF4 in the nervous system. Specifically, human TCF4 gene is implicated in susceptibility to schizophrenia and TCF4 haploinsufficiency is the cause of the Pitt-Hopkins mental retardation syndrome. However, the structure, expression and coding potential of the human TCF4 gene have not been described in detail. Principal Findings In the present study we used human tissue samples to characterize human TCF4 gene structure and TCF4 expression at mRNA and protein level. We report that although widely expressed, human TCF4 mRNA expression is particularly high in the brain. We demonstrate that usage of numerous 5′ exons of the human TCF4 gene potentially yields in TCF4 protein isoforms with 18 different N-termini. In addition, the diversity of isoforms is increased by alternative splicing of several internal exons. For functional characterization of TCF4 isoforms, we overexpressed individual isoforms in cultured human cells. Our analysis revealed that subcellular distribution of TCF4 isoforms is differentially regulated: Some isoforms contain a bipartite nuclear localization signal and are exclusively nuclear, whereas distribution of other isoforms relies on heterodimerization partners. Furthermore, the ability of different TCF4 isoforms to regulate E-box controlled reporter gene transcription is varied depending on whether one or both of the two TCF4 transcription activation domains are present in the protein. Both TCF4 activation domains are able to activate transcription independently, but act synergistically in combination. Conclusions Altogether, in this study we have described the inter-tissue variability of TCF4 expression in human and provided evidence about the functional diversity of the alternative TCF4 protein isoforms.