Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interface between tauopathies and synucleinopathies: A tale of two proteins

Neurodegenerative diseases are often classified based on the abnormal accumulation of synuclein or tau. Traditionally, these disorders have been viewed as distinct clinical and pathological entities. However, advances in molecular genetics and protein biochemistry have shown intriguing overlaps. The most common synucleinopathy, Parkinson's disease, is characterized by extrapyramidal motor dysfunction, whereas the most common tauopathy, Alzheimer's disease, is defined by dementia. Yet there is overlap of clinical features; Parkinson's disease patients frequently have dementia, and Alzheimer's disease patients often manifest parkinsonism. Dementia with Lewy bodies exemplifies the existence of a continuum among these diseases. This overlap extends to the neuropathological findings; the pathognomonic hallmark for one set of disorders, Lewy bodies or neurofibrillary tangles, is present more often than expected in the other set. Moreover, mutations in LRRK2 known to cause parkinsonism are associated not only with dopaminergic neuronal degeneration, but also with the accumulation of synuclein, tau, neither, or both proteins. Other shared genetic features between tauopathies and synucleinopathies also exist. Finally, the known protein interactions between tau and synuclein further highlight the interface. Evidence for the intersection of tauopathies and synucleinopathies indicates the need for an updated disease classification scheme and may have important implications for therapeutic development. Ann Neurol 2006; 59:449–458
Evaluation of powder and tableting properties of chitosan

The aim of this study was to analyze the process of tablet formation and the properties of the resulting tablets for 3 N-deacetylated chitosans, with a degree of deacetylation of 80%, 85%, or 90%. Material properties, such as water content, particle size and morphology, glass transition temperature, and molecular weight were studied. The process of tablet formation was analyzed by 3-D modeling, Heckel analysis, the pressure time function, and energy calculations in combination with elastic recovery dependent on maximum relative density and time. The crushing force and the morphology of the final tablets were analyzed. Chitosans sorb twice as much water as microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), the particle size is comparable to Avicel PH 200, a special type of MCC, the particles look like shells, and the edges are bent. Molecular weight ranges from 80 000 to 210 000 kDa, the glass transition temperature (Tg) was not dependent on molecular weight. The chitosans deform ductilely as MCC; however, plastic deformation with regard to time and also pressure plasticity are higher than for MCC, especially for Chit 85, which has the lowest crystallinity and molecular weight. At high densification, fast elastic decompression is higher. 3-D modeling allowed the most precise analysis. Elastic recovery after tableting is higher than for MCC tablets and continues for some time after tableting. The crushing force of the resulting tablets is high owing to a reversible exceeding of Tg in the amorphous parts of the material. However, the crushing force is lower compared with MCC, since the crystallinity and the Tg of the chitosans are higher than for MCC. In summation, chitosans show plastic deformation during compression combined with high elasticity after tableting. Highly mechanically stable tablets result.
TÜRKİYE'NİN İKİNCİ 500 BÜYÜK ŞİRKETİNİN MİSYON VE VİZYON İFADELERİNE GÖRE GİRİŞİMCİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ

Ozet Misyon ifadesi bir orgutun var olus nedeni, vizyon ifadesi ise orgutun gelecekte ulasmak istedigi yerin bir goruntusudur. Orgutlerin misyon ve vizyon ifadelerinde risk alma, liderlik, yenilikcilik, yaraticilik, gucluluk, proaktiflik, arastirma ve gelistirme, basari ve rekabetcilik gibi bir takim kavramlara vurgu yapilmaktadir. Bu kavramlar, vizyon ve misyon ifadelerindeki yonlenmeyi ozetlemekte ve orgutun degerleri, genel yaklasimlari ve girisimcilik ozellikleri gibi konular hakkinda bilgi vermektedir. Bu calismanin amaci Turkiye'deki ikinci 500 buyuk sirketin girisimcilik ozelliklerini misyon ve vizyon ifadeleri yardimiyla degerlendirmektir. Bu dogrultuda orgutlerin girisimcilik ozellikleri icin anlamli faktorler tanimlanmis ve ikinci 500 buyuk firmanin misyon ve vizyon ifadeleri bu faktorlere gore incelenmistir. Calismada sirketlerin misyon ifadelerinde basari, yenilikcilik, rekabetcilik ve proaktiflik; vizyon ifadelerinde ise basari, liderlik, yenilikcilik ve rekabetcilik vurgusunun on plana ciktigi gorulmustur. Bununla birlikte her bir sektordeki girisimcilik ozellikleri hem sektor icinde hem de sektorler arasinda farklilik gosterdigi tespit edilmistir. Anahtar Sozcukler: Girisimcilik, Misyon, Vizyon JEL Siniflandirmasi: L21, L25, L26
Implementation and effectiveness of strategic actions used to reduce customer variability

Customer variability is a problem for service providers because it can have a significant adverse affect on service quality, and hence on customer loyalty. Drawing on the work of Frei [Breaking the trade-off between efficiency and service. Harvard Business Review, 84(11), 92–101 (2006)] and Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons [Service management: Operations, strategy, and information technology (6th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill (2008)], the present study: (i) systematically categorises six types of customer variability (‘arrival variability’, ‘request variability’, ‘capability variability’, ‘effort variability’, ‘variability in subjective preference’, and ‘communication variability’); (ii) posits these in terms of the well-known service quality ‘gap’ model; and (iii) organises the strategic actions that can be adopted to reduce the effects of the six kinds of customer variability into four categories (‘classic accommodation’ (CA), ‘classic reduction’, ‘low-cost accommodation’, and ‘uncompromised reduction’). The study then undertakes an empirical investigation of the implementation and effectiveness of these various strategic actions in a sample of Taiwanese service providers in a variety of industries. In general, the study finds that the respondents favour the use of ‘CA’ actions to overcome customer variability and that they demonstrate a relative neglect of potentially effective actions belonging to the other three categories. The study concludes that service firms need to pay more attention to neglected actions that have significant potential to overcome customer variability and improve service quality.
Strategic capabilities, competitive strategy, and performance among retailers in Argentina, Peru and the United States

Purpose – This paper aims to assess the influence of strategic capabilities on the business strategy‐performance relationship among retail businesses in Argentina, Peru, and the USA.Design/methodology/approach – Zahra and Covin's self‐reported scale was amended and utilized to categorize businesses along Porter's typology. Strategic capability scales were adopted from DeSarbo and associates. Self‐reporting scales to assess relative competitive and objective performance in the present study were adopted from Ramanujam and Venkatraman. A survey containing these scales was administered to 277 attendees at a retail trade show in the USA. The survey – translated into Spanish – was distributed by mail and completed by 136 retailers in Peru and 163 retailers in Argentina.Findings – Links were assessed among strategic capabilities, generic business strategies, and performance in retail businesses in Argentina, Peru and the USA. Support was found for links between the focus strategy and both marketing and linking .
Selective Recruitment of Nuclear Factors to Productively Replicating Herpes Simplex Virus Genomes

Much of the HSV-1 life cycle is carried out in the cell nucleus, including the expression, replication, repair, and packaging of viral genomes. Viral proteins, as well as cellular factors, play essential roles in these processes. Isolation of proteins on nascent DNA (iPOND) was developed to label and purify cellular replication forks. We adapted aspects of this method to label viral genomes to both image, and purify replicating HSV-1 genomes for the identification of associated proteins. Many viral and cellular factors were enriched on viral genomes, including factors that mediate DNA replication, repair, chromatin remodeling, transcription, and RNA processing. As infection proceeded, packaging and structural components were enriched to a greater extent. Among the more abundant proteins that copurified with genomes were the viral transcription factor ICP4 and the replication protein ICP8. Furthermore, all seven viral replication proteins were enriched on viral genomes, along with cellular PCNA and topoisomerases, while other cellular replication proteins were not detected. The chromatin-remodeling complexes present on viral genomes included the INO80, SWI/SNF, NURD, and FACT complexes, which may prevent chromatinization of the genome. Consistent with this conclusion, histones were not readily recovered with purified viral genomes, and imaging studies revealed an underrepresentation of histones on viral genomes. RNA polymerase II, the mediator complex, TFIID, TFIIH, and several other transcriptional activators and repressors were also affinity purified with viral DNA. The presence of INO80, NURD, SWI/SNF, mediator, TFIID, and TFIIH components is consistent with previous studies in which these complexes copurified with ICP4. Therefore, ICP4 is likely involved in the recruitment of these key cellular chromatin remodeling and transcription factors to viral genomes. Taken together, iPOND is a valuable method for the study of viral genome dynamics during infection and provides a comprehensive view of how HSV-1 selectively utilizes cellular resources.
An integrated design of SM2C core motor for vehicular applications

This paper focuses on the design and the evaluation of a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with a stator core made of Soft Magnetic Mouldable Composite - SM2C. A radial flux PM machine with modular winding is designed for a high-speed low-voltage automotive application. Manufacturability and a high winding fill factor are vital for a low permeability stator core in order to gain a good performance and a low cost in combination with moulding technique. Two stators are built and verified with good results.
Diversity and Multiplexing for Near-Field Atmospheric Optical Communication

In this paper, the performance of multi-beam free-space optical (FSO) communication systems are studied through an accurate analytical approach which does not rely on far-field assumptions commonly used in the literature. A framework is presented for analytical and numerical performance analyses of multi-beam FSO systems employed in a diversity or multiplexing scheme. The performance analyses show that the far-field assumptions may not correctly estimate the system behavior in many geometrical scenarios within practical interest. The results demonstrate the degrading effects of diffraction and spatial correlation of atmospheric turbulence in the form of diversity gain reduction in diversity systems and crosstalk in multiplexing systems. These effects have been mostly neglected in the literature by applying far-field assumptions. Our results can thus be useful in the design of practical diversity or multiplexing FSO systems especially when a compact design is desired.
Increased heparanase expression is caused by promoter hypomethylation and up-regulation of transcriptional factor early growth response-1 in human prostate cancer.

PURPOSE Heparanase degrades heparan sulfate and has been implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis. The transcription factor, early growth response 1 (EGR1), is associated with the inducible transcription of the heparanase gene. We hypothesize that CpG hypomethylation in the heparanase promoter coupled with up-regulation of EGR1 levels may induce heparanase expression in human prostate cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Cultured prostate cancer cell lines (Du145, DuPro, LNCaP, and PC-3) with and without 5'-aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment, 177 prostate cancer samples, and 69 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) samples were used. The frequency and level of heparanase promoter methylation were analyzed by methylation-specific primers which covered the core binding motif of EGR1 (GGCG) or SP1 (GGGCGG) or both. RESULTS In cultured Du145, DuPro, LNCaP, and PC-3 cell lines, mRNA transcripts of heparanase were significantly increased after 5'-aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment, suggesting that promoter methylation was involved in the regulation of heparanase mRNA transcript. Significantly higher methylation was found in BPH samples than in prostate cancer samples (P < 0.0001), whereas mRNA transcripts of the heparanase gene were inversely lower in BPH samples than in prostate cancer samples (P < 0.01). EGR1 expression in prostate cancer tissues was significantly higher than in BPH tissues (P < 0.001) and correlated with heparanase expression (P < 0.0001). Moreover, multiple regression analysis revealed that up-regulation of EGR1 contributed significantly more to heparanase expression than did promoter CpG hypomethylation in prostate cancer samples (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge this is the first comprehensive study demonstrating that increased heparanase expression in prostate cancer tissues is due to promoter hypomethylation and up-regulation of transcription factor EGR1.
On the Need for an International Lender of Last Resort

Is there a useful function for an international lender of last resort (ILLR)--defined as crisis lender and crisis manager? Yes for international capital flows are excessively volatile and contagious, and because an ILLR can help mitigate the effects of this instability. I examine the Bagehot rules, and their applicability in an international context, focusing on the problem of moral hazard. I argue that a critical condition for the successful operation of an ILLR, a role that is to an important extent played by the IMF, is to ensure private sector involvement in the resolution of emerging market financial crises.
Gestational exposure to loud noise alters the development and postnatal responsiveness of humoral and cellular components of the immune system in offspring.

Gestational exposure of the female to environmental toxins can alter immune function in the offspring. We have recently shown that prenatal maternal stress, that is, stress applied to or induced in the female during pregnancy, can also alter the development of humoral immunocompetence in the offspring and their hormonal and immunologic responses to postnatal stress. This report presents data from two experiments on the effects of prenatal exposure to loud noise-prenatal sound stress (PSS)-on the development and responsiveness of in vitro and in vivo humoral and cellular immune function in the offspring. Pregnant rats were exposed daily from Day 15 to Day 21 of gestation to an inescapable loud noise (an 85- to 90-decibel fire alarm bell) delivered randomly for 1 hr. In developing offspring, PSS produced age-dependent and mitogen-specific alterations in lymphoproliferative activity and reduced immunoglobulin G levels at Postnatal Day 21. Antibody titers to herpes simplex virus type 1 were also reduced. Exposure to loud noise before or after infection produced an additional reduction in titers in these offspring. Arthus skin reaction (AR) to old tuberculin was reduced by PSS. Combined prenatal/postnatal sound stress further reduced this response and the AR to bovine serum albumin (BSA). Delayed hypersensitivity reaction to BSA was reduced in PSS offspring; postnatal sound stress enhanced the reaction to both antigens, but only in males. Antibody titers to BSA were increased by PSS; adjuvant-induced inflammation was attenuated by postnatal sound stress. These data suggest that in utero exposure to loud noise, which can occur in the workplace, is toxic to the developing immune system.
Multi-Frame Video Super-Resolution Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Video super-resolution remains a challenging problem despite being a very active area of research. Even with huge strides made with single-image super-resolution, multiframe techniques, which utilize multiple frames in improving the quality of a given frame, have yet to fully take advantage of the power of deep learning. We propose a HR for multi-frame super-resolution that outputs a higher resolution version of a given frame using pixel information from adjacent frames in the video. Unlike traditional multiframe techniques, our proposed method has minimal data pre-processing and computation cost. Using both still image and video training data we explore different network architectures and hyperparameter combinations for both the single and multi-frame model that give the best results. Testing our solution and comparing to recently developed techniques, we observe promising results.
Post-project evaluation of the sustainability of development project outcomes: a case study in eastern Indonesia

The extent to which project outcomes are sustained years after development projects have ended is not routinely investigated. This study assessed the long-term impacts of a fire management project in eastern Indonesia seven years after the funding ended. Post-project evaluation increased understanding of the factors determining sustainability of project outcomes and links to development impacts. The continuation of community fire management and agroforestry groups was linked to demonstration of benefits to farmers and multi-level engagement. Activities had ceased where ownership was disputed. Some long-term impacts were outside the original aims of the fire project, including district government agencies applying fire mapping skills to other development issues.
Efficient Inequityâ€“Averse Teams

This paper analyzes the efficiency of team production when agents exhibit other regarding preferences. It is shown that full efficiency can be sustained as an equilibrium through a budget-balancing mechanism that punishes some randomly chosen agents if output falls short of efficient level but distributes the output equally otherwise, provided that the agents are sufficiently inequity averse.
Authenticity in ethnic tourism: domestic tourists' perspectives

Authenticity is an important concept in ethnic tourism studies as well as a critical issue in tourism practice. This article examines tourists' perceptions and their assessments of ethnic attractions and products, and the levels of satisfaction with their experiences based upon empirical research conducted in 2006 in a well-known tourism destination in China – Xishuangbanna, Yunnan. Of the 600 tourists surveyed, 565 were domestic and 35 international. The majority of Chinese tourists enjoy staged events and are mainly in search of enjoyment and relaxation on their visits. On the other hand, authenticity is a major concern among international tourists. Cultural commodification is, to some extent, acceptable for tourists but over-commercialized cultural shows cause discontent among visitors and devalue local traditions. It is concluded that diverse and high quality ethnic products should be developed to suit both domestic and international markets. Especially, minority-made products and community-based businesses should be facilitated in order to give tourists an authentic experience and improve the economic gains for local communities.
The Effects of Increased Doses of Bovine Hemoglobin on Hemodynamics and Oxygen Transport in Patients Undergoing Preoperative Hemodilution for Elective Abdominal Aortic Surgery

In two consecutive studies (Study A and Study B), we evaluated the effects of increasing doses of HBOC-201, a bovine hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, on hemodynamics and oxygen transport in patients undergoing preoperative hemodilution for elective abdominal aortic surgery. After the induction of anesthesia and the exchange of 1 L of blood for 1 L of lactated Ringer's solution, 24 patients (12 in each study) were randomly assigned to receive, within 30 min, a predetermined volume of either HBOC-201 or 6% hydroxyethyl starch (Study A 6.9 mL/kg; Study B 9.2 mL/kg). Monitored variables included systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, arterial and mixed venous blood gases, and calculations of cardiac index (CI), systemic (SVRI) and pulmonary (PVRI) vascular resistance indices, oxygen delivery index (Do2 I), oxygen consumption index (Vo2 I), and oxygen extraction ratio (O2 ER). In both studies, the infusion of HBOC-201 was associated with increases in SVRI (Study A 121%; Study B 71%) and PVRI (Study A 70%; Study B 53%) and with a decrease in CI (29% both studies). Hemodilution with HBOC-201 maintained the arterial oxygen content at levels higher than hemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch, but the advantage of a greater oxygen-carrying capacity was offset by the increase in SVRI, with a resulting net decrease in both CI and Do2 I (Study A 30%; Study B 28%); Vo2 I was maintained by increased O2 ER. In terms of hemodynamics and oxygen transport, hemodilution with bovine hemoglobin in these doses provided no apparent benefit over hemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch. Implications: Bovine hemoglobin in doses ranging between 55 and 97 g of hemoglobin increased vascular resistance and decreased cardiac output in anesthetized surgical patients. In terms of hemodynamics and oxygen transport, hemodilution with bovine hemoglobin in these doses provided no apparent benefit over hemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch. (Anesth Analg 1998;87:284-91)
Knowing and Learning to Design 1 Dissociation of Design Knowledge

It is often noted that successful designing requires two types of knowledge: explicit, articulate, domain-specific knowledge, and inarticulate, domain-independent, procedural knowledge. Neuropsychological evidence is provided for a dissociation between the two types of knowledge. This reinforces the reality of the distinction. It is further suggested that the inarticulate, procedural knowledge is not knowledge in the traditional sense of the word, but consists of mechanisms to support "illstructured" representations and computations. This implies that learning environments – like the design studio – that provide students with practice in groping and coping with ill-structured, real-world design problems must be an integral part of design education. Let him be educated, skillful with pencil, instructed in geometry, know much history, have followed the philosophers with attention, understand music, have some knowledge of medicine, know the opinions of the jurists, and be acquainted with astronomy and the theory of the heavens. -Vitruvius (on the education of the architect) quoted in Broadbent (1973, p. 4)
Nature and Science of Sleep Hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea

Craig L Phillips1–3 Denise M O’Driscoll4,5 1Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; 2National Health and Medical Research Council Center for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; 3Discipline of Sleep Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; 4Monash Lung and Sleep, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; 5Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia