Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multispecies Bio fi lms Transform Selenium Oxyanions into Elemental Selenium Particles : Studies Using Combined Synchrotron X ‐ ray Fluorescence Imaging and Scanning Transmission X ‐ ray Microscopy

Selenium (Se) is an element of growing environmental concern, because low aqueous concentrations can lead to biomagnification through the aquatic food web. Biofilms, naturally occurring microbial consortia, play numerous important roles in the environment, especially in biogeochemical cycling of toxic elements in aquatic systems. The complexity of naturally forming multispecies biofilms presents challenges for characterization because conventional microscopic techniques require chemical and physical modifications of the sample. Here, multispecies biofilms biotransforming selenium oxyanions were characterized using Xray fluorescence imaging (XFI) and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM). These complementary synchrotron techniques required minimal sample preparation and were applied correlatively to the same biofilm areas. Sub-micrometer XFI showed distributions of Se and endogenous metals, while Se K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated the presence of elemental Se (Se). Nanoscale carbon K-edge STXM revealed the distributions of microbial cells, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and lipids using the protein, saccharide, and lipid signatures, respectively, together with highly localized Se using the Se LIII edge. Transmission electron microscopy showed the electron-dense particle diameter to be 50−700 nm, suggesting Se nanoparticles. The intimate association of Se particles with protein and polysaccharide biofilm components has implications for the bioavailability of selenium in the environment.
Effect of Hydrolysis Treatment on Cellulose Nanowhiskers from Oil Palm (Elaeis guineesis) Fronds: Morphology, Chemical, Crystallinity, and Thermal Characteristics

Oil palm fronds biomass was used as a source for isolation of cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW), and its subsequent characterization was done. Non-cellulosic components such as lignin, hemicellulose, and pectin were removed from the biomass by chemimechanical alkaline hydrogen peroxide method followed by sulphuric acid hydrolysis having different time duration of hydrolysis. Apart from the progressive reduction in peaks characteristic of hemicellulose and lignin dissolution, FTIR spectroscopy analysis showed that there were no significant variations in peak positions, signifying that the hydrolysis did not affect the chemical structure of CNW. FESEM showed that there was gradual reduction in the aggregated structure of fiber due to bleaching. Nanoscale structure of CNW was revealed by TEM. XRD analysis revealed that the natural structure of cellulose I polymorph was maintained irrespective of the hydrolysis time. High thermal stability and aspect ratio of the extracted CNW demonstrated its suitability as a reinforcement material in nanocomposites.
MYC Immunohistochemistry Predicts MYC Rearrangements by FISH

MYC is the proto-oncogene classically associated with Burkitt lymphoma (BL) located at chromosomal locus 8q24. Rearrangements of MYC are seen in nearly 100% of BL but have been reported in 3–16% of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). Rearrangements of MYC are tested for by flourescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In this study, we compared immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a monoclonal antibody directed against the human Myc protein to the current method, FISH. 31 cases were identified that had been tested for MYC rearrangements by FISH over 27 months with heterogeneity in the diagnoses: 5 BL; 10 DLBCL; 3 B-cell lymphoma unclassifiable between DLBCL and BL; 5 B-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified; 1 EBV-related B-cell lymphoma; 1 composite CLL/SLL-large cell lymphoma; and 6 designated as high-grade or aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Analysis by FISH was performed as part of the clinical workup, where a MYC rearrangement is defined as a split fusion signal in at least 5.7% of cells. Myc-IHC was interpreted as a qualitative positive (overexpressed) or negative (not overexpressed) result. 12 cases (39%) were positive for MYC rearrangements by FISH. Overall, 13 cases (42%) showed Myc overexpression by IHC, 11 of which harbored a MYC rearrangement by FISH. There were two false positives and one false negative. Thus, Myc-IHC predicted a MYC rearrangement by FISH with 92% sensitivity and 89% specificity. We can thus conclude that Myc-IHC should be a potentially useful screening tool for identifying lymphomas that may harbor a MYC rearrangement.
Accuracy of 2D shear wave elastography in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C

This prospective study was conducted to assess the diagnostic accuracy of two‐dimensional shear wave elastography (2D SWE) in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease and hepatitis C virus (HCV) compared with the serum liver fibrosis biomarkers using the results of liver biopsy as the reference standard.
A single-sensor high-resolution panoramic optical mapping configuration for simultaneous non-overlapped complete atrial and ventricular parametric imaging

Nowadays optical mapping (OM) is the primary method for imaging electrophysiologically relevant parameters from the outer surface of Langendorff-perfused hearts. This technique has become essential for comprehensively understanding mechanisms of cardiac propagation during physiological activation, arrhythmia, and therapeutic antiarrhythmic interventions in translational hearts. Panoramic whole heart optical mapping systems, using either multiple cameras, plane mirrors or a combination of both, have been developed to overcome intrinsic visualization limitations to traditional single-sensor designs. However current panoramic OM systems are financially challenging for physiology and engineering research labs since require multiple sensors to completely map wide areas of the surface, which further results on overlapping regions and/or missing areas of interest due to the intrinsic shape of the heart. In this study, we propose and validate a new spatially resolved low-cost single-sensor configuration to simultaneously record atrial and ventricular function in relation to its anatomy without overlapping regions.
Electronic scattering, focusing, and resonance by a spherical barrier in Weyl semimetals

We solve the Weyl electron scattered by a spherical step potential barrier. Tuning the incident energy and the potential radius, one can enter both quasiclassical and quantum regimes. Transport features related to far-field currents and integrated cross sections are studied to reveal the preferred forward scattering. In the quasiclassical regime, a strong focusing effect along the incident spherical axis is found in addition to optical caustic patterns. In the quantum regime, at energies of successive angular momentum resonances, a polar aggregation of electron density is found inside the potential. The findings will be useful in transport studies and electronic lens applications in Weyl systems.
Off-line compression by greedy textual substitution

Greedy off-line textual substitution refers to the following approach to compression or structural inference. Given a long text string x, a substring W is identified such that replacing all instances of W in X except one by a suitable pair of pointers yields the highest possible contraction of X; the process is then repeated on the contracted text string until substrings capable of producing contractions can no longer be found. This paper examines computational issues arising in the implementation of this paradigm and describes some applications and experiments.
Reliability Measure Using Multiview Synthetic Images for Mobile Visual

In this paper, we propose a new database (DB) construction method for the mobile visual search (MVS) system based on the local feature and bag-of-visual-words framework. In MVS, quantization error is unavoidable and causes performance degradation. Typical approaches for visual search extract features from a single view of reference images, though such features are insufficient to manage the quantization error. In this paper, we generate multiview synthetic images and extract local features. These features are resampled according to our novel reliability measure in order to reduce the DB size. Experiments on the three datasets show that the proposed method successfully constructs a robust DB with same size. The proposed method improved the mean average precision compared with a conventional method without changing the searching procedure.
Brain repair: cell therapy in stroke

Stroke affects one in every six people worldwide, and is the leading cause of adult disability. Some spontaneous recovery is usual but of limited extent, and the mechanisms of late recovery are not completely understood. Endogenous neurogenesis in humans is thought to contribute to repair, but its extent is unknown. Exogenous cell therapy is promising as a means of augmenting brain repair, with evidence in animal stroke models of cell migration, survival, and differentiation, enhanced endogenous angiogenesis and neurogenesis, immunomodulation, and the secretion of trophic factors by stem cells from a variety of sources, but the potential mechanisms of action are incompletely understood. In the animal models of stroke, both mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) improve functional recovery, and MSCs reduce the infarct volume when administered acutely, but the heterogeneity in the choice of assessment scales, publication bias, and the possible confounding effects of immunosuppressants make the comparison of effects across cell types difficult. The use of adult-derived cells avoids the ethical issues around embryonic cells but may have more restricted differentiation potential. The use of autologous cells avoids rejection risk, but the sources are restricted, and culture expansion may be necessary, delaying treatment. Allogeneic cells offer controlled cell numbers and immediate availability, which may have advantages for acute treatment. Early clinical trials of both NSCs and MSCs are ongoing, and clinical safety data are emerging from limited numbers of selected patients. Ongoing research to identify prognostic imaging markers may help to improve patient selection, and the novel imaging techniques may identify biomarkers of recovery and the mechanism of action for cell therapies.
Bmc Complementary and Alternative Medicine Wellness through a Comprehensive Yogic Breathing Program – a Controlled Pilot Trial

Background: Increasing rates of psychosocial disturbances give rise to increased risks and vulnerability for a wide variety of stress-related chronic pain and other illnesses. Relaxation exercises aim at reducing stress and thereby help prevent these unwanted outcomes. One of the widely used relaxation practices is yoga and yogic breathing exercises. One specific form of these exercises is Sudarshan Kriya and related practices (SK&P) which are understood to have favourable effects on the mind-body system. The goal of this pilot study was to design a protocol that can investigate whether SK&P can lead to increased feeling of wellness in healthy volunteers.
Fundamental study of green EUV lithography using natural polysaccharide for the use of pure water in developable process

The eco-conscious lithography processes of using pure water instead of spin coating organic solvent and alkaline developer were described for extreme-ultraviolet and electron beam techniques of advanced photomask manufactural application. Natural polysaccharide was obtained by the esterification of the hydroxyl groups of the polysaccharide resulting in improved resolution and resist profiles after the purewater developing processes. The 100, 200, and, 300 nm line and space width, and straight profiles of polysaccharide-based resist material on hardmask underlayer were resolved at the doses of 30 μC/cm2. In addition to the superior resolution in the pure-water developing processes, the resist material containing the polysaccharide derivatives for these lithography showed good resist profiles and step filling performance on substrates.
- Arrestin 2 and c-Src Regulate the Constitutive Activity and Recycling of Opioid Receptors in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons

-Arrestins bind to agonist-activated G-protein-coupled receptors regulating signaling events and initiating endocytosis. In -arrestin2 / ( arr2 / ) mice, a complex phenotype is observed that includes altered sensitivity to morphine. However, little is known of how -arrestin2 affects receptor signaling. We investigated the coupling of receptors to voltage-gated Ca 2 channels (VGCCs) in arr2 / and arr2 / dorsal root ganglion neurons. A lack of -arrestin2 reduced the maximum inhibition of VGCCs by morphine and DAMGO (D-Ala-N-Me-Phe -glycol -enkephalin) without affecting agonist potency, the onset of receptor desensitization, or the functional contribution of N-type VGCCs. The reduction in inhibition was accompanied by increased naltrexone-sensitive constitutive inhibitory coupling of receptors to VGCCs. Agonist-independent receptor inhibitory coupling was insensitive to CTAP (Cys-Tyr-D-TrpArg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2), a neutral antagonist that inhibited the inverse agonist action of naltrexone. These functional changes were accompanied by diminished constitutive recycling and increased cell-surface receptor expression in arr2 / compared with arr2 / neurons. Such changes could not be explained by the classical role of -arrestins in agonist-induced endocytosis. The localization of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Src appeared disrupted in arr2 / neurons, and there was reduced activation of c-Src by DAMGO. Using the Src inhibitor PP2 [4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-D]pyrimidine], we demonstrated that defective Src signaling mimics the arr2 / cellular phenotype of reduced agonist efficacy, increased constitutive receptor activity, and reduced constitutive recycling. We propose that -arrestin2 is required to target c-Src to constitutively active receptors, resulting in their internalization, providing another dimension to the complex role of -arrestin2 and c-Src in G-protein-coupled receptor function.
Inhibition of GABAA receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarius induced cardiovascular depression during isoflurane inhalation anesthesia

Objective: Isoflurane is widely used for inhaled general anesthesia. However, the mechanisms of isoflurane-induced cardiovascular depression are not fully understood. The effect of isoflurane on GABAA receptor expression in the NTS may underlie cardiovascular depression. Methods: The blood pressure (BP) and heart rates (HR) of conscious rats were confirmed initially using a CODA non-invasive blood pressure monitor system. Rats were anesthetized with inhaled isoflurane or an intraperitoneal injection of urethane, and BP and HR were measured. BP and HR changes evoked by microinjections of L-glutamate, GABAA receptor agonists or antagonists into the NTS were observed. GABAA receptor mRNA and protein expression level changes following agonist or antagonist administration were detected using real-time PCR and Western blot analyses. Results: The depressor response to L-glutamate microinjection into the NTS was significantly increased in the urethane-anesthetized group compared with isoflurane group. GABAA receptor agonist and antagonist microinjections into the NTS did not significantly change the BP and HR in the isoflurane group, but the increasing or decreasing amplitudes of BP and HR of urethane group were significantly higher than isoflurane group. GABAA receptor agonist and antagonist microinjections significantly altered GABAA receptor mRNA and protein expression levels in the urethane group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the function of GABAA receptors in the NTS was inhibited by inhaled isoflurane, which induced cardiovascular depression.
THE IVECT TM METHOD : INTEZYNE ’ S VERSATILE ENCAPSULATION AND CROSSLINKING TECHNOLOGY AS A PLATFORM FOR DRUG DELIVERY

Copyright © 2011 Frederick Furness Publishing 8 Advancements in combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening have culminated in the production of volumes of chemical libraries for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies looking to expand product pipelines. However, a major hurdle in the development of new chemical entities from these libraries lies in the intrinsic physiochemical properties of the compounds themselves. Poor aqueous solubility continues to relegate
Real-World Technology Use Among People With Mental Illnesses: Qualitative Study

Background There is growing interest in using technology-based tools to support mental health recovery. Yet, despite evidence suggesting widespread access to technology among people with mental illnesses, interest in using technology to support mental health, and effectiveness of technology-based tools developed by researchers, such tools have not been widely adopted within mental health settings. Little is currently known about how mental health consumers are using technology to address mental health needs in real-world settings outside of controlled research studies. Objective This qualitative study examined current practices and orientations toward technology among consumers in 3 mental health settings in the United States. Methods Ethnographic observations and semistructured interviews were conducted. Observations focused on if and how technology was salient within the setting and documented relevant behaviors, interactions, and dialogue in fieldnotes. Ethnographic data informed the development of a semistructured interview that inquired into technology use and interest among consumers (n=15) in a community mental health setting. Fieldnotes and interview transcripts were reviewed and coded by multiple researchers. Key concepts and patterns identified were refined by the research team to develop the main findings. Results Ownership of technology, although common, was not ubiquitous and was varied across the sites. Participants had varying levels of awareness regarding the key capabilities of modern technologies. Participants used technology for many purposes, but there was limited evidence of technology use to support mental health. Technology-based tools specific to mental health were not routinely used, although some participants found widely available mobile apps to be helpful in recovery. Conclusions Qualitative findings suggest that many, but not all, clients will be interested in using technology to support mental health needs. The variability in type and quality of technology owned by participants suggests the need to design for a range of functionality in the development of mental health tools. Findings also suggest thinking broadly about using existing platforms and widely available tools to support consumers in mental health recovery.
Robust Semi-Supervised Learning through Label Aggregation

Semi-supervised learning is proposed to exploit both labeled and unlabeled data. However, as the scale of data in real world applications increases significantly, conventional semi-supervised algorithms usually lead to massive computational cost and cannot be applied to large scale datasets. In addition, label noise is usually present in the practical applications due to human annotation, which very likely results in remarkable degeneration of performance in semi-supervised methods. To address these two challenges, in this paper, we propose an efficient RObust Semi-Supervised Ensemble Learning (ROSSEL) method, which generates pseudo-labels for unlabeled data using a set of weak annotators, and combines them to approximate the ground-truth labels to assist semi-supervised learning. We formulate the weighted combination process as a multiple label kernel learning (MLKL) problem which can be solved efficiently. Compared with other semi-supervised learning algorithms, the proposed method has linear time complexity. Extensive experiments on five benchmark datasets demonstrate the superior effectiveness, efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm.
Ubiquitination of ECSIT is crucial for the activation of p65/p50 NF-κBs in Toll-like receptor 4 signaling

The localization of ECSIT into the nucleus is specifically accompanied by p65/p50 NF-κB in a TLR4-dependent manner. p65 NF-κB specifically interacts with the ubiquitinated ECSIT on the Lys-372 residue, thereby regulating NF-κB activity, NF-κB–dependent gene expression, and production of proinflammatory cytokines.
Hot Off the Press: Topical Tranexamic Acid Compared With Anterior Nasal Packing for Treatment of Epistaxis in Patients Taking Antiplatelet Drugs

This is a non-blinded, randomized controlled trial comparing topical TXA and anterior nasal packing in the treatment of anterior epistaxis in patients on antiplatelet medications whose bleeding persisted despite 20 minutes of pressure. Patients were randomized to either TXA (a cotton pledget soaked with 500 mg of TXA and inserted into the affected nostril until hemostasis was achieved) or anterior nasal packing (pretreatment with a cotton pledget soaked in epinephrine and 2% lidocaine for 10 minutes followed by anterior nasal packing with tetracycline ointment left in situ for 3 days). Among the 124 patients included, bleeding at 10 minutes was better controlled in the TXA group (an absolute risk reduction of 44%; 95% CI 26%-57%; p<0.001). The TXA group also had less recurrent bleeding in the first week, a shorter ED length of stay, and higher patient satisfaction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Skateboards as a mobile technology

Grounded in investigations of everyday design, this study explores the appropriative, creative and adaptive practice of skateboarding as a way to reveal a new perspective on mobile technology and their influence on mobility. We describe how skateboarding, a technology seen as an embodied practice, encourages practitioners to engage with the environment and thereby changes their mobility, even though the technology requires extensive practice and is not easy to use. Comparing these aspects to other mobile technologies offers new directions for the design of mobility and the influence of technologies.
Growth and grazing rates of the heterotrophic dinoflagellates Protoperidinium spp

Growth and ingestion rates of the heterotrophic dinoflagellates Protoperidinjum cf. d~ver gens and I? crassipes feeding on red tide dinoflagellates local to southern California, USA, were measured in the laboratory. Unialgal diets of the larger dinoflagellates Gonyaulax polyedra and Gymnodinium sanguineum supported population growth, while the smaller dinoflagellates Prorocentrurn cf. balticum and Scrippsiella trochoidea did not; G. polyedra was the optimal diet. The maximum specific growth rates of P cf. divergens and I? crassipes on a G. polyedra diet were 0.484 and 0.308 d-l, respectively. Specific growth rate increased with mean prey concentration, with saturation at approximately 760 to 1500 cells ml-' Maximum ingestion and clearance rates of P cf. divergens and F! crassipes fed on G. polyedra were 0.2 and 0 08 prey Protoperidinium-' h ' , and 0.67 and 0.47 p1 Protopendlnium-' h", respectively. For a G. sanguineum diet, the pattern of specific growth rate as a function of mean prey concentration was quite different from that of G. polyedra. Maxlmum specific growth rates were 0.246 and 0.107 d' for P cf. divergeris and P crassipes at mean prey concentrations of 530 to 1100 cells ml-'. Growth was negative at higher G. sanguineum concentrations, and dead Protoperidinium were observed. F! cf. divergens selected G. polyedra over G. sanguineum. Cannibalism was observed in cultures mainly when Protoperidinium abundances were high, and may be a mechanism for withstanding prolonged starvation. The estimated ingestion rate of Protoperidiniurn during a G. polyedra red tide is 54800 prey ingested 1-' h-', so Protoperidinium may have a considerable grazing impact on some red tide dinoflagellate populations.