Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamic Tandem Intracranial Lesions on Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy

Background Hemodynamic tandem intracranial lesions (TILs) on intracranial magnetic resonance angiography, which develop flow dependently, have been overlooked clinically in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. As they represent severe baseline hemodynamic compromise at the segment, they may be associated with distinctive clinical outcomes. Methods and Results We assessed 304 consecutive carotid endarterectomy cases treated over 3 years. Included cases had both preoperative and postoperative intracranial 3‐dimensional time‐of‐flight magnetic resonance angiography, of which signal intensities are flow dependent, and postoperative diffusion‐weighted imaging (≤3 days following carotid endarterectomy). Preoperative TILs in the ipsilateral intracranial arteries were evaluated by the presence of nonexclusive components: focal stenosis (>50%), diffuse stenosis (>50%), and decreased signal intensities (>50%). The components showing postoperative normalization were considered hemodynamic. TILs with hemodynamic components were defined as hemodynamic TILs, while others as consistent TILs. Baseline characteristics and postoperative outcomes were analyzed among 3 groups: no TILs, consistent TILs, and hemodynamic TILs. Preoperative TILs were identified in 104 (34.2%) cases; 54 (17.8%) had hemodynamic components. Diffuse stenosis and decreased signal intensities were usually reversed postoperatively. Patients with hemodynamic TILs tended to have severe proximal carotid stenosis and recent strokes (≤14 days). For the outcome, hemodynamic TILs were independently associated with the advent of postoperative ischemic lesions on diffusion‐weighted imaging (odds ratio: 2.50; 95% CI, 1.20–5.20). Conclusions In patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, a significant number of preoperative TILs demonstrated hemodynamic components, which were reversed postoperatively. The presence of such components was distinctively associated with the postoperative incidence of new ischemic lesions.
Prevention of Amino Acid Conversion in SILAC Experiments with Embryonic Stem Cells *

Recent studies using stable isotope labeling with amino acids in culture (SILAC) in quantitative proteomics have made mention of the problematic conversion of isotope-coded arginine to proline in cells. The resulting converted proline peptide divides the heavy peptide ion signal causing inaccuracy when compared with the light peptide ion signal. This is of particular concern as it can effect up to half of all peptides in a proteomic experiment. Strategies to both compensate for and limit the inadvertent conversion have been demonstrated, but none have been shown to prevent it. Additionally, these methods combined with SILAC labeling in general have proven problematic in their large scale application to sensitive cell types including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from the mouse and human. Here, we show that by providing as little as 200 mg/liter l-proline in SILAC media, the conversion of arginine to proline can be rendered completely undetectable. At the same time, there was no compromise in labeling with isotope-coded arginine, indicating there is no observable back conversion from the proline supplement. As a result, when supplemented with proline, correct interpretation of “light” and “heavy” peptide ratios could be achieved even in the worst cases of conversion. By extending these principles to ESC culture protocols and reagents we were able to routinely SILAC label both mouse and human ESCs in the absence of feeder cells and without compromising the pluripotent phenotype. This study provides the simplest protocol to prevent proline artifacts in SILAC labeling experiments with arginine. Moreover, it presents a robust, feeder cell-free, protocol for performing SILAC experiments on ESCs from both the mouse and the human.
Eficiência e direito: pecado ou virtude; uma incursão pela análise econômica do direito.

RESUME O artigo detecta a relacao intrinseca entre o Direito e a Economia, destacando a reciprocidade dos interesses envolvidos nas diversas demandas juridico-economicas, apontando para a aplicacao da Teoria Economica na analise do Direito. Ainda, propoe uma incursao sobre a eficiencia economica, como instrumental teorico-analitico para o proprio Direito, bem como, evidenciando aspectos historico-filosoficos justificadores das raizes economicas de inovadora Teoria Geral do Direito. O marco teorico principal e o trabalho de Richard A. Posner intitulado Economic Analysis of Law refletindo as possibilidades da Escola Law and Economics- LaE na Civil Law e defendendo-se o Principio da Eficiencia Economico-Social - PEES . PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Direito; Economia; Teoria Economica; Teoria Geral do Direito. ABSTRACT Article detects the intrinsic relationship between law and economics, emphasizing the reciprocity of interests involved in various legal and economic demands, pointing to the application of economic theory in the analysis of Law. Still, proposes a raid on economic efficiency as theoretical and analytical instruments for the law itself, as well as highlighting the historical and philosophical roots of economic justifiers innovative General Theory of Law. The main theoretical framework is the work of Richard A. Posner titled Economic Analysis of Law reflecting the possibilities of School Law and Economics in Civil Law-Lae and defending the principle Efficiency Economic-Social - PEES. KEY-WORDS: Law, Economics, Economic Theory, General Theory of Law.
Attitudes of teachers to evidence based medicine.

AIM To describe the attitudes of general practitioners and specialist clinical teachers toward teaching evidence based medicine (EBM). PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Questionnaire survey of 114 general practitioner and 162 specialist university teachers teaching EBM. RESULTS Two hundred and six (80%) teachers responded; 196 regularly consulted with patients, 21% had received training, and 40% taught EBM. Those with formal training (68%) taught more often than without (32%) (p = 0.0001), 27% had taught EBM for over 5 years. More GPs (57%) than specialists (40%) asked students to assist in finding evidence (p = 0.036). Most welcomed EBM and were confident in teaching it. Barriers included antagonism to EBM philosophy, shortage of time, and a need for training in teaching EBM. DISCUSSION Although not all trained, GPs and specialists teach EBM, enjoy doing so, and want to increase their ability to teach it.
Symmetry in distributed storage systems

The max-flow outer bound is achievable by regenerating codes for functional repair distributed storage system. However, the capacity of exact repair distributed storage system is an open problem. In this paper, the linear programming bound for exact repair distributed storage systems is formulated. A notion of symmetrical sets for a set of random variables is given and equalities of joint entropies for certain subsets of random variables in a symmetrical set is established. Concatenation coding scheme for exact repair distributed storage systems is proposed and it is shown that concatenation coding scheme is sufficient to achieve any admissible rate for any exact repair distributed storage system. Equalities of certain joint entropies of random variables induced by concatenation scheme is shown. These equalities of joint entropies are new tools to simplify the linear programming bound and to obtain stronger converse results for exact repair distributed storage systems.
Return to Special: An Examination of the Characteristics of Patients Who Returned to Ashworth Special Hospital

Sixteen patients were returned to Ashworth in a one-year period (five second admissions, 10 failed leave of absence and one warrant of recall) making up 31% of admissions for the year. Demographic details and reasons for return were collected. Fifty per cent of patients had a clinical diagnosis of personality disorder. Reasons for return included relapse of psychosis, persistent transgression of boundaries, aggression or threatened aggression, unsuitable placements and failure to progress towards discharge.
Competency‐based training and assessment in Australian postgraduate clinical psychology education

Background Competency-based training and assessment is considered the best practice internationally in postgraduate clinical psychology education. In Australia, there are still some ways to go as programmes begin to integrate competency-based pedagogical models into clinical training and assessment. Further understanding of the strengths and challenges of these models will be useful to educators interested in developing a competency-based approach. Methods A structured literature review was carried out using the databases PsychInfo, PubMed, and PsychArticles. Keywords were: competency, and “training” or “assessment” or “model” or “clinical” or “psychology” or “medicine” or “allied health. ” Articles had to be written in the English language and published in peer-reviewed journals. Relevant book chapters and web references from professional accreditation bodies were also assessed for inclusion. A total of 54 references were utilised in the review. Results The review supports the relevance of competency-based learning and teaching. It draws on seminal benchmarking work from the international literature and considers the strengths and limitations of competency-based approaches to clinical health training and assessment. The review provides support for the ongoing progression towards competency-based training models in Australian postgraduate clinical psychology. Conclusions Competency-based training and assessment methods offer educators sophisticated mechanisms for ensuring that clinical psychology graduates are prepared to meet the demands of professional practice and public accountability. Further efforts at integrating competency-based training models into Australian postgraduate curriculum, and associated research into the outcomes, are necessary to ensure a pedagogical culture of best practice in this country.
A study of incremental cryptography for security schemes in mobile cloud computing environments

While using the cloud storage services on resource constraint mobile device, the mobile user needs to ensure the confidentiality of the critical data before uploading on the cloud storage. The resource limitation of mobile devices restricts mobile users for executing complex security operations using computational power of mobile devices. To make security schemes suitable for mobile devices, large volume of existing security schemes execute complex security operations remotely on cloud or trusted third party. Alternatively, few of the existing security schemes focus on the reduction of the computational complexity of the cryptographic algorithms. Keeping in view the resource limitation of mobile devices, this paper, introduces an incremental cryptographic version of the existing security schemes, such as encryption-based scheme, coding-based scheme, and sharing-based scheme, for improving the block(s) modification operations in term of resource utilization on mobile device. The experimental results show significant improvement in resource utilization on mobile device while performing block insertion, deletion, and modification operations as compared to the original version of the aforementioned schemes.
Exposure of a tendon extracellular matrix to synovial fluid triggers endogenous and engrafted cell death: A mechanism for failed healing of intrathecal tendon injuries

ABSTRACT Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of normal synovial fluid (SF) on exposed endogenous tendon-derived cells (TDCs) and engrafted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within the tendon extracellular matrix. Methods: Explants from equine superficial digital flexor (extra-synovial) and deep digital flexor tendons (DDFTs) from the compressed, intra-synovial and the tensile, extra-synovial regions were cultured in allogeneic or autologous SF-media. Human hamstring explants were cultured in allogeneic SF. Explant viability was assessed by staining. Proliferation of equine monolayer MSCs and TDCs in SF-media and co-culture with DDFT explants was determined by alamarblue®. Non-viable Native Tendon matrices (NNTs) were re-populated with MSCs or TDCs and cultured in SF-media. Immunohistochemical staining of tendon sections for the apoptotic proteins caspase-3, −8, and −9 was performed. Results: Contact with autologous or allogeneic SF resulted in rapid death of resident tenocytes in equine and human tendon. SF did not affect the viability of equine epitenon cells, or of MSCs and TDCs in the monolayer or indirect explant co-culture. MSCs and TDCs, engrafted into NNTs, died when cultured in SF. Caspase-3, −8, and −9 expression was the greatest in SDFT explants exposed to allogeneic SF. Conclusions: The efficacy of cells administered intra-synovially for tendon lesion repair is likely to be limited, since once incorporated into the matrix, cells become vlnerable to the adverse effects of SF. These observations could account for the poor success rate of intra-synovial tendon healing following damage to the epitenon and contact with SF, common with most soft tissue intra-synovial pathologies.
Emotional Expression Classification Using Time-Series Kernels

Estimation of facial expressions, as spatio-temporal processes, can take advantage of kernel methods if one considers facial landmark positions and their motion in 3D space. We applied support vector classification with kernels derived from dynamic time-warping similarity measures. We achieved over 99% accuracy - measured by area under ROC curve - using only the 'motion pattern' of the PCA compressed representation of the marker point vector, the so-called shape parameters. Beyond the classification of full motion patterns, several expressions were recognized with over 90% accuracy in as few as 5-6 frames from their onset, about 200 milliseconds.
MIMO configurable array for sector or omni-directional coverage

A reconfigurable multiport antenna intended for base station use is designed and a prototype is manufactured. The antenna is composed of twelve elements; eight monopolepatches which provide vertical polarization and four loops acting as magnetic dipoles providing horizontal polarization. The antenna can operate under various configurations, namely as a twelve, eight (logical) or two (logical) port antenna. In particular, when in two-port mode, the antenna has two logical ports, one for each orthogonal polarization and in addition can act as either an omni-directional or a sector-beam radiator, hence providing extra usability. Apart from traditional measurements (S-parameters, radiation patterns etc.) the antenna is also characterized in terms of diversity gain and MIMO capacity by measurements in a reverberation chamber. Furthermore, simulations in Huawei’s channel emulator are performed in order to be investigated whether different antenna patterns give different performance in various space distributions of mobile users. Acknowledgements Foremost, i would like to thank my principal supervisor, Mattias Gustafsson, for giving me the opportunity to work in such an exciting project and for his constant scientific consultation. Mattias believed in me and this is of great importance to me. Additionally, i would like to thank Mats Högberg and Bengt Madeberg who willingly helped me whenever asked, without any second thoughts as well as my academic supervisor, Dr. Xiaoming Chen, and Prof. Per-Simon Kildal for their useful comments and remarks. I would also like to thank ”Bluetest AB” and John Kvarnstrand for giving me access to their reverberation chambers and Dr. Tilmann Wittig from ”CST Computer Simulation Technology AG” for the interest he showed in this project and his eagerness to assist me. My gratitude towards my family is just indescribable. Konstantinos Prionidis, Göteborg 22/08/2014
Elastic Band Causing Exfoliation of the Upper Permanent Central Incisors

Objective. This study reports a case in which elastic band use culminated in the loss of the incisors. Case Report. An 11-year-old white girl was seen complaining of pain, with purulent discharge and severe tooth mobility. The bone destruction detected radiographically in the region, despite its single location and absence in posterior quadrants of the maxilla and/or mandible, was similar to that observed in Langerhans cell disease. To our surprise, an elastic band involving the midportion of the roots of the two upper central incisors was found during biopsy. The debris was removed and a metal wire was placed in permanent maxillary right and left incisors. The patient was followed up, but no improvement in tooth mobility was observed. Bone loss increased, and internal resorption and root exposure occurred, which culminated in the extraction of permanent maxillary right and left incisors. Conclusion. The present case highlights the fact that professionals sometimes are confronted by anamnestic reports never seen before.
Facilitation of visuo‐motor learning by transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor and extrastriate visual areas in humans

Performance of visuo‐motor tasks requires the transfer of visual data to motor performance and depends highly on visual perception and cognitive processing, mainly during the learning phase. The primary aim of this study was to determine if the human middle temporal (MT)+/V5, an extrastriate visual area that is known to mediate motion processing, and the primary motor cortex are involved in learning of visuo‐motor coordination tasks. To pursue this, we increased or decreased MT+/V5, primary contralateral motor (M1) and primary visual cortex excitability by 10 min of anodal or cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation in healthy human subjects during the learning phase of a visually guided tracking task. The percentage of correct tracking movements increased significantly in the early learning phase during anodal stimulation, but only when the left V5 or M1 was stimulated. Cathodal stimulation had no significant effect. Also, stimulation of the primary visual cortex was not effective for this kind of task. Our data suggest that the areas V5 and M1 are involved in the early phase of learning of visuo‐motor coordination.
Experimental Hydrodynamics of Fish Locomotion: Functional Insights from Wake Visualization1

Abstract Despite enormous progress during the last twenty years in understanding the mechanistic basis of aquatic animal propulsion—a task involving the construction of a substantial data base on patterns of fin and body kinematics and locomotor muscle function—there remains a key area in which biologists have little information: the relationship between propulsor activity and water movement in the wake. How is internal muscular force translated into external force exerted on the water? What is the pattern of fluid force production by different fish fins (e.g., pectoral, caudal, dorsal) and how does swimming force vary with speed and among species? These types of questions have received considerable attention in analyses of terrestrial locomotion where force output by limbs can be measured directly with force plates. But how can forces exerted by animals moving through fluid be measured? The advent of digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) has provided an experimental hydrodynamic approach for quantifying the locomotor forces of freely moving animals in fluids, and has resulted in significant new insights into the mechanisms of fish propulsion. In this paper we present ten “lessons learned” from the application of DPIV to problems of fish locomotion over the last five years. (1) Three-dimensional DPIV analysis is critical for reconstructing wake geometry. (2) DPIV analysis reveals the orientation of locomotor reaction forces. (3) DPIV analysis allows calculation of the magnitude of locomotor forces. (4) Swimming speed can have a major impact on wake structure. (5) DPIV can reveal interspecific differences in vortex wake morphology. (6) DPIV analysis can provide new insights into the limits to locomotor performance. (7) DPIV demonstrates the functional versatility of fish fins. (8) DPIV reveals hydrodynamic force partitioning among fins. (9) DPIV shows that wake interaction among fins may enhance thrust production. (10) Experimental hydrodynamic analysis can provide insight into the functional significance of evolutionary variation in fin design.
DR 6 . 1 : Transparency in situated dialogue for interactive learning ( in human-robot interaction )

The background for this paper is the aim to build robotic assistants that can naturally interact with humans. One prerequisite for this is that the robot can correctly identify objects or places a user refers to, and produce comprehensible references itself. As robots typically act in environments that are larger than what is immediately perceivable, the problem arises how to identify the appropriate context, against which to resolve or produce a referring expression (RE). Existing algorithms for generating REs generally by-pass this problem by assuming a given context. In this paper, we explicitly address this problem, proposing a method for context determination in large-scale space. We show how it can be applied both for resolving and producing REs. Relation to WP The paper makes it possible for the robot to discuss objects and places beyond the currently perceivable situation. That makes it unnecessary for a robot and a human to be in the very place where there is something a robot needs to be explained.
The Mason Test: A Defense Against Sybil Attacks in Wireless Networks Without Trusted Authorities

Wireless networks are vulnerable to Sybil attacks, in which a malicious node poses as many identities in order to gain disproportionate influence. Many defenses based on spatial variability of wireless channels exist, but depend either on detailed, multi-tap channel estimation-something not exposed on commodity 802.11 devices-or valid RSSI observations from multiple trusted sources, e.g., corporate access points-something not directly available in ad hoc and delay-tolerant networks with potentially malicious neighbors. We extend these techniques to be practical for wireless ad hoc networks of commodity 802.11 devices. Specifically, we propose two efficient methods for separating the valid RSSI observations of behaving nodes from those falsified by malicious participants. Further, we note that prior signalprint methods are easily defeated by mobile attackers and develop an appropriate challenge-response defense. Finally, we present the Mason test, the first implementation of these techniques for ad hoc and delay-tolerant networks of commodity 802.11 devices. We illustrate its performance in several real-world scenarios.
Microstrip Realization of Generalized Chebyshev Filters With Box-Like Coupling Schemes

This paper presents generalized Chebyshev microstrip filters with box-like coupling schemes. The box-like coupling schemes taken in this paper include a doublet, extended doublet, and fourth-order box section. The box-like portion of the coupling schemes is implemented by an E-shaped resonator. Synthesis and realization procedures are described in detail. The example filters show an excellent match to the theoretical responses
Ethical Decision Making and Research Deception in the Behavioral Sciences: An Application of Social Contract Theory

Despite significant ethical advances in recent years, including professional developments in ethical review and codification, research deception continues to be a pervasive practice and contentious focus of debate in the behavioral sciences. Given the disciplines' generally stated ethical standards regarding the use of deceptive procedures, researchers have little practical guidance as to their ethical acceptability in specific research contexts. We use social contract theory to identify the conditions under which deception may or may not be morally permissible and formulate practical recommendations to guide researchers on the ethical employment of deception in behavioral science research.