Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Weighing the giants– V. Galaxy cluster scaling relations

We present constraints on the scaling relations of galaxy cluster X-ray luminosity, temperature and gas mass (and derived quantities) with mass and redshift, employing masses from robust weak gravitational lensing measurements. These are the first such results obtained from an analysis that simultaneously accounts for selection effects and the underlying mass function, and directly incorporates lensing data to constrain total masses. Our constraints on the scaling relations and their intrinsic scatters are in good agreement with previous studies, and reinforce a picture in which departures from self-similar scaling laws are primarily limited to cluster cores. However, the data are beginning to reveal new features that have implications for cluster astrophysics and provide new tests for hydrodynamical simulations. We find a positive correlation in the intrinsic scatters of luminosity and temperature at fixed mass, which is related to the dynamical state of the clusters. While the evolution of the nominal scaling relations over the redshift range $0.0<z<0.5$ is consistent with self similarity, we find tentative evidence that the luminosity and temperature scatters respectively decrease and increase with redshift. Physically, this likely related to the development of cool cores and the rate of major mergers. We also examine the scaling relations of redMaPPer richness and Compton $Y$ from Planck. While the richness--mass relation is in excellent agreement with recent work, the measured $Y$--mass relation departs strongly from that assumed in the Planck cluster cosmology analysis. The latter result is consistent with earlier comparisons of lensing and Planck scaling-relation-derived masses.
Network Communication Protocol Reverse Engineering Based on Auto-Encoder

Network communication protocol reverse engineering is useful for network security, including protocol fuzz testing, botnet command infiltration, and service script generation. Many models have been proposed to generate field boundary, field semantic, state machine, and some other format information from network trace and program execution for text-based protocol and hybrid protocols. However, how to extract format information from network trace data for binary-based protocol still remains a challenging issue. Existing network-trace-based models focus on text-based and hybrid protocols, using tokenization and some other heuristic rules, like field identification, to perform reverse engineering, which makes it hard to apply to binary-based protocol. In this paper, we propose a whole mechanism for binary-based protocol reverse engineering based on auto-encoder models and other clustering algorithms using only network trace data. After evaluation, we set some metrics and compare our model with existing other models, showing its necessity to the field of protocol reverse engineering.
Does Exposure to Habitual Smoking Contexts Before Smoking Cessation Reduce Relapse? Results From a Pilot Study

Abstract A variety of cues have been proven to elicit reactivity in nicotine-dependent individuals. Since such reactivity has been shown to form a source of relapse, treatments aim at extinguishing this reactivity. Yet, typically, in cue-exposure treatments a very limited range of relevant stimuli is used, usually focusing only on proximal stimuli (e.g., a cigarette) rather than on contextual cues that trigger craving (e.g., a bar). The restriction to proximal cues may be one of the reasons for the low efficacy of cue-exposure treatments. In the current pilot study (N = 88), we aimed to evaluate the effect on relapse rates of exposure to contextual cues prior to quitting smoking, by varying the degree of exposure/extinction to habitual smoking contexts prior to quitting between groups. Results suggest that context exposure prior to smoking cessation indeed reduces relapse. However, since dropout rates were high, this finding needs replication with a larger sample.
Editorial transitions: Hail and farewell

This issue of Leadership coincides with ‘regime’ change. After eight years in the job, I am stepping down, and the role of editor will be taken up jointly by Doris Scheditzki and Gareth Edwards. I know that they will do an excellent job and wish them well. But I hope that I will be excused for taking the opportunity to offer some thanks, and reflect more widely on what this journal means and the contribution it has made to leadership studies. I remain indebted to our founding editors – David Collinson and Keith Grint – for having the vision and determination to establish the journal, way back in 2005. Additionally, I am grateful to our wonderful team of Associate Editors. This has included Gareth and Doris, plus Michelle Bligh, Richard Bolden, Brigid Carroll, Jackie Ford, Brad Jackson, Owain Smolović Jones, Leah Tomkins and Suze Wilson. They have provided a sterling service, editing papers, offering much needed advice and support, and contributing their own work. I am also grateful to our invaluable editorial board, not least for their numerous reviews of submissions. This role is frequently unheralded, not least by the Universities that employ us, but without it journals would not be able to exist. Thanks are also due to all those authors who have submitted papers to us. Lastly, I must acknowledge the invaluable assistance received from Aina Blanch, publishing editor for the journal at Sage, and the numerous dedicated production staff who work for it in India, particularly Neha Gambhir and Jayapriya Balasubramani. All have been incredibly supportive and efficient. In launching this journal, David and Keith recognised that there was a need for a critical outlet on leadership – that is, one willing to publish papers that pose awkward questions and critique mainstream scholarship. Many years on, this need is still striking. For the most part, our field remains relentlessly positive in its theoretical framing, positivist in its preferred methodological approach and positive in its statistical findings. Bad leadership – evident in Enron, Lehman Brothers, RBS, Donald Trump, Viktor Orbán, Theranos – is sometimes depicted as not leadership at all. The most influential theoretical models in the field legitimise the concentration of too much power in too few hands. They also continue to produce laundry lists of desirable qualities that they insist leaders should possess. Effective leaders, it seems, must perform miracles thrice daily, walk on water before nightfall, and then turn it into wine (to be sold off in order to further enhance shareholder value), all the while remaining humble servants of the people. Impossiblism is rife. In my view, authentic leadership theory (ALT) is one such approach (see relevant chapter on ALT in Tourish, 2019). It is
Noise-induced transport in the motion of trapped ions

The interplay of noise and quantum coherence in transport gives rise to rich dynamics relevant for a variety of systems. In this work, we put forward a proposal for an experiment testing noise-induced transport in the vibrational modes of a chain of trapped ions. We focus on the case of transverse modes, considering multiple-isotope chains and an "angle trap", where the transverse trapping varies along the chain. This variation induces localization of the motional modes and therefore suppresses transport. By suitably choosing the action of laser fields that couple to the internal and external degrees of freedom of the ions, we show how to implement effective local dephasing on the modes, broadening the vibrational resonances. This leads to an overlap of the local mode frequencies, giving rise to a pronounced increase in the transport of excitations along the chain. We propose an implementation and measurement scheme which require neither ground-state cooling nor low heating rates, and we illustrate our results with a simulation of the dynamics for a chain of three ions.
Downscaling of Historical Wind Fields over Switzerland using Generative Adversarial Networks

Near-surface wind is difficult to estimate using global numerical weather and climate models, as airflow is strongly modified by underlying topography, especially that of a country such as Switzerland. In this article, we use a statistical approach based on deep learning and a high-resolution Digital Elevation Model to spatially downscale hourly near-surface wind fields at coarse resolution from ERA5 reanalysis from their original 25 km to a 1.1 km grid. A 1.1 km resolution wind dataset for 2016–2020 from the operational numerical weather prediction model COSMO-1 of the national weather service, MeteoSwiss, is used to train and validate our model, a generative adversarial network (GAN) with gradient penalized Wasserstein loss aided by transfer learning. The results are realistic-looking high-resolution historical maps of gridded hourly wind fields over Switzerland and very good and robust predictions of the aggregated wind speed distribution. Regionally averaged image-specific metrics show a clear improvement in prediction compared to ERA5, with skill measures generally better for locations over the flatter Swiss Plateau than for Alpine regions. The downscaled wind fields demonstrate higher-resolution, physically plausible orographic effects, such as ridge acceleration and sheltering, which are not resolved in the original ERA5 fields.
Homotopy Limit Functors on Model Categories and Homotopical Categories

Model categories: An overview Model categories and their homotopy categories Quillen functors Homotopical cocompleteness and completeness of model categories Homotopical categories: Summary of part II Homotopical categories and homotopical functors Deformable functors and their approximations Homotopy colimit and limit functors and homotopical ones Index Bibliography.
Valuing basket-spread options with default risk under Hawkes jump-diffusion processes

In this paper, we investigate the pricing of basket-spread options with default risk under Hawkes jump-diffusion processes. A self-exciting Hawkes process is employed to describe jump clustering, and jump amplitudes of different assets in baskets are all correlated. In addition, the diffusive components of assets are also assumed to be correlated with each other. We obtain option prices by approximating the arithmetic average of the underlying assets in the basket with their second moment-matched geometric average values, and numerical experiments show that our approximated prices are quite accurate, spanning different underlying asset numbers and alternative strike prices. Finally, we illustrate the effects of default risk and clustered jump risk on the prices of basket-spread options.
An Investigation on The Effect of Carbon Nanoparticles on The Properties of Carbon Brushes

with specific properties and improvements in production in metal-graphite composites. Metal matrix composites are considered excellent materials to obtain properties superior to those of the constituent phases and meet the specific requirements of material application. In the present study, we suggested a new composite material by utilizing nanomaterials to improve the properties of metal-graphite composite material usually used as carbon brushes. This has been achieved by adding different percentages of 0.1-0.5wt % of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanospheres, or both to the metal matrix composite. The samples were prepared by powder metallurgy technique. The XRD results gave a sharp line and indicated a high crystalline structure and little amorphous, which improved the conductivity performance of the composite produced within the structure of this work. The density measurement chart results showed an increase in the amounts of the carbon nano additives leading to a decrease in the density of the sample. The investigation of nano additives on hardness showed that increases in the additive led to reduced hardness. On the other hand, the resistivity values have reduced gradually when there is an increase in the amounts of the carbon nano additives, especially on the CNT, which gives better results than CNS, which we obtained the resistivity value =(0.32 Ωcm), Comparing with commercial-grade containing free of nano additives (1.3Ω cm).
The sudden appearance of CO emission in LHA 115-S 65

Molecular emission has been detected in several Magellanic Cloud B[e] supergiants. In this Letter, we report on the detection of CO band head emission in the B[e] supergiant LHA 115-S 65, and present a K-band near-infrared spectrum obtained with the Spectrograph for INtegral Field Observation in the Near-Infrared (SINFONI; R = 4500) on the ESO VLT UT4 telescope. The observed molecular band head emission in S65 is quite surprising in the light of a previous non-detection by McGregor, Hyland & McGinn, as well as a high-resolution (R = 50 000) Gemini/Phoenix spectrum of this star taken nine months earlier showing no emission. Based on analysis of the optical spectrum by Kraus, Borges Fernandes & de Ara´ ujo, we suspect that the sudden appearance of molecular emission could be due to density buildup in an outflowing viscous disc, as seen for Be stars. This new discovery, combined with variability in two other similar evolved massive stars, indicates an evolutionary link between B[e] supergiants and luminous blue variables.
FIRST DETECTION OF A SUBKILOPARSEC SCALE MOLECULAR OUTFLOW IN THE STARBURST GALAXY NGC 3628

We successfully detected a molecular outflow with a scale of 370–450 pc in the central region of the starburst galaxy NGC 3628 through deep CO(1–0) observations by using the Nobeyama Millimeter Array (NMA). The mass of the outflowing molecular gas is ∼2.8 × 107 M☉, and the outflow velocity is ∼90 ± 10 km s−1. The expansion timescale of the outflow is 3.3–6.8 Myr, and the molecular gas mass flow rate is 4.1–8.5 M☉ yr−1. It requires mechanical energy of (1.8–2.8) × 1054 erg to create this sub-kpc scale molecular outflow. In order to understand the evolution of the molecular outflow, we compare the physical properties between the molecular outflow observed from our NMA CO(1–0) data and the plasma gas from the soft X-ray emission of the Chandra X-ray Observatory archival data. We found that the distribution between the molecular outflow and the strong plasma outflow seems to be in a similar region. In this region, the ram pressure and the thermal pressure of the plasma outflow are 10−(8–10) dyn cm−2, and the thermal pressure of molecular outflow is 10−(11–13) dyn cm−2. This implies that the molecular outflow is still expanding outward. The molecular gas consumption timescale is estimated as 17–27 Myr, and the total starburst timescale is 20–34 Myr. The evolutionary parameter is 0.11–0.25, suggesting that the starburst activity in NGC 3628 is still in a young stage.
Local unitary quantum cellular automata

In this paper we present a quantization of cellular automata. Our formalism is based on a lattice of qudits and an update rule consisting of local unitary operators that commute with their own lattice translations. One purpose of this model is to act as a theoretical model of quantum computation, similar to the quantum circuit model. It is also shown to be an appropriate abstraction for space-homogeneous quantum phenomena, such as quantum lattice gases, spin chains, and others. Some results that show the benefits of basing the model on local unitary operators are shown: universality, strong connections to the circuit model, simple implementation on quantum hardware, and a wealth of applications.
Ping times: Relating economic growth to internet connectivity

Since the last decade of the twentieth century, internet access has become a sine qua non for businesses. IT as well as online commerce have been growing fast over the past decades, and many other sectors also depend more and more on internet access; even industrial services such as design and warehousing, to name but two examples, rely on and benefit from cooperation at a distance. The global boost in teleworking and particularly teleconferencing following the Covid-19 pandemic has shown how important reliable connections are. Governments have over the past decade invested in improving their connections to the worldwide internet. Yet it is not clear whether economic clustering in fact is attracted to well-connected locations. We therefore test empirically whether the level of connectedness to the global IT infrastructure has a correlation with subsequent economic growth in sectors that use such infrastructure, or even depend on it. We do this using a panel of US cities, in which we zoom in on a few sectors that can use the infrastructure and compare them against the background of other sectors in the same cities. As a measure for the quality of local connections, we employ a unique method: we use the latency (ping times), a network metric usually spurned in favour of the more common bandwidth.
Fine Resolution Imaging of Space Objects.

Abstract : This report describes the results of a two-year research effort to investigate the reconstruction of fine-resolution images of space objects using earth-bound optical telescopes despite the turbulence of the atmosphere. The results of this research are an indication that, using an iterative reconstruction algorithm, it is feasible to reconstruct diffraction-limited images from the Fourier modulus (or autocorrelation) data provided by stellar speckle interferometry. Methods of compensating for systematic errors and noise present in astronomical data were developed and were applied to binary star data, from which a diffraction-limited image was successfully reconstructed. It was analytically shown that the following types of objects are uniquely specified by their Fourier modulus: objects consisting of separated parts satisfying certain disconnection conditions, objects consisting of collections of distinct points, and objects with radial symmetry. Experimental indications are that complicated two-dimensional objects are usually unique. An equivalence of the error-reduction iterative reconstruction algorithm and the steepest-descent gradient search method was shown, and the convergence of this algorithm was proven. However, the input-output iterative algorithm and other gradient search algorithms were found to converge much faster in practice. A survey of other applications of the iterative algorithm was performed, and it was found to be remarkably useful in solving problems for a wide range of applications.
The search for high-mass X-ray binaries in the Phoenix dwarf galaxy

We report on the first X-ray images of the Phoenix dwarf galaxy, taken with XMM–Newton in 2009 July. This Local Group dwarf galaxy shares similarities with the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) including a burst of star formation ∼50 Myr ago. The SMC has an abundance of high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) and so we have investigated the possibility of an HMXB population in Phoenix with the intention of furthering the understanding of the HMXB–star formation rate relation. The data from the combined European Photon Imaging Cameras (EPIC) were used to distinguish between different source classes [foreground stars, background galaxies, active galactic nuclei (AGN) and supernova remnants] using EPIC hardness ratios and correlations with optical and radio catalogues. Of the 81 X-ray sources in the field of view, six are foreground stars, four are galaxies and one is an AGN. The remaining sources with optical counterparts have log(fX/fopt) consistent with AGN in the local Universe. Further investigation of five sources in the field of view suggests that they are all background AGN. Their position behind the gas cloud associated with Phoenix makes them a possible tool for further probing the metallicity of this region. We find no evidence for any HMXBs in Phoenix at this time. This rules out the existence of the X-ray persistent supergiant X-ray binary systems. However, the transient nature of the Be/X-ray binaries means we cannot rule out a population of these sources but can conclude that it is not extensive.
Nonstandard interactions spoiling the C P violation sensitivity at DUNE and other long baseline experiments

It is by now established that neutrino oscillations occur due to nonzero masses and parameters in the leptonic mixing matrix. The extraction of oscillation parameters may be complicated due to subleading effects such as nonstandard neutrino interactions and one needs to have a fresh look how a particular parameter value is inferred from experimental data. In the present work, we focus on an important parameter entering the oscillation framework--the leptonic $CP$-violating phase $\ensuremath{\delta}$, about which we know very little. We demonstrate that the sensitivity to $CP$ violation gets significantly impacted due to nonstandard neutrino interaction effects for the upcoming long baseline experiment, Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment. We also draw a comparison with the sensitivities of other ongoing neutrino beam experiments such as $\mathrm{NO}\ensuremath{\nu}\mathrm{A}$ and T2K as well as a future generation experiment, T2HK.
Physics of the Solar Corona. An Introduction

Thermal Radiation. - Hydrostatics. - Hydrodynamics. - Magnetic Fields. - Magneto-Hydrodynamics (MHD). - MHD Oscillations. - Propagating MHD Waves. - Coronal Heating. - Magnetic Reconnection. - Particle Acceleration. - Particle Kinematics. - Hard X-Rays. - Gamma-Rays. - Radio Emission. - Flare Plasma Dynamics. - Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs).
The Factors Analysis of Financial Conditions of Working Women Sandwich Generation

Balinese women are known as primary caregivers and breadwinners for their families, strength, and involvement in various community activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that influence financial conditions and the role of financial literacy in mediating the relationship between factors that affect financial conditions. This research is descriptive-quantitative research using SEM-PLS analysis. The findings reveal that culture, social support, and financial literacy simultaneously positively impact financial conditions. From this research, it is also known that financial literacy acts as a mediator between the influence of culture and social support on financial conditions and also the influence of financial literacy on financial conditions. Therefore, financial literacy is very important to avoid financial pressure. Moreover, for the women of the sandwich generation to perform well while dealing with financial stress, social support is needed.How to Cite:Dewi, S. K. S. , & Wiksuana, I. G. B. (2022). The Factors Analysis of Financial Conditions of Working Women Sandwich Generation. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 11(2), 299-318. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v11i2. 25635.JEL Classification: M14, L31, F36, G530