Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and safety of a unilamellar liposomal formulation of amphotericin B (AmBisome) in rabbits

A unilamellar liposomal formulation of amphotericin B (LAmB) known as AmBisome was safely administered intravenously to 20 rabbits at 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg of body weight, whereas of 12 rabbits given desoxycholate amphotericin B (DAmB) intravenously at 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mg/kg, 2 died of acute cardiac toxicity when DAmB was administered at the highest dose. Single-dose LAmB (1 mg/kg) achieved a maximum concentration in serum (Cmax) of 26 +/- 2.4 micrograms/ml and an area under the curve to infinity (AUC0-infinity) of 60 +/- 16 micrograms.h/ml, while single-dose DAmB (1.0 mg/kg), by comparison, achieved a lower Cmax (4.7 +/- 0.2 micrograms/ml; P = 0.001) and a lower AUC0-infinity (30.6 +/- 2.2 micrograms.h/ml; P = 0.07). Following administration of a single dose of LAmB (10 mg/kg), a disproportionately higher Cmax (287 +/- 14 micrograms/ml) and AUC0-infinity (2,223 +/- 246 micrograms.h/ml) occurred, indicating saturable elimination. After chronic dosing (n = 4) with LAmB at 5.0 mg/kg/day for 28 days or DAmB at 1.0 mg/kg/day for 28 days, LAmB achieved daily peak levels of 122.8 +/- 5.8 micrograms/ml and trough levels of 34.9 +/- 1.8 micrograms/ml, while DAmB reached a peak of only 1.76 +/- 0.11 microgram/ml and a trough of 0.46 +/- 0.04 microgram/ml (P < or = 0.001). Significant accumulations of amphotericin B into reticuloendothelial organs were observed, with 239 +/- 39 micrograms/g found in the liver after chronic LAmB dosing (5 mg/kg/day), which was seven times higher than the 33 +/- 6 micrograms/g after DAmB dosing (1 mg/kg/day) (P = 0.002). Accumulation in kidneys, however, remained 14-fold lower (P =0.04) following LAmB dosing (0.87 +/- 0.61 microgram/g) than after DAmB dosing (12.7 +/- 4.6 microgram/g). Nephrotoxicity occurred in only one of four LAmB treated animals, while it occurred in all four chronically DAmB-treated animals: mild hepatozicity with transaminase elevations was seen in one LAmB-treated rabbit. We conclude that LAmB safely achieved higher Cmax(s) and AUC0-infinity(s) and demonstrated saturable, nonlinear elimination from plasma via reticuloendothelial organ uptake. Take reduced nephrotoxicity of LAmB correlated with diminished levels of amphotericin B in the kidneys.
Algorithm : Permutation and Complementary : Input : variable n Output : a set of truth

Randomness number generation plays a key role in network, information security and IT applications. In this paper, a permutation and complementary algorithm is proposed to use vector complementary and permutation operations to extend n-variable Logic function space from functions to configurations 2 2 n 2 2 2 n n  ! for variant logic framework. Each configuration contains functions can be shown in a 2 2 n 1 1 2 2 2 2 n n    matrix. A set of visual results can be represented by their symmetric properties in W, F and C codes respectively to provide the essential support on the variant logic framework.
microRNA-141 regulates BMI1 expression and induces senescence in human diploid fibroblasts

Polycomb group protein BMI1 is an important regulator of senescence, aging, and cancer. On one hand, it is overexpressed in cancer cells and is required for self-renewal of stem cells. On the other hand, it is downregulated during senescence and aging. MicroRNAs have emerged as major regulators of almost every gene associated with cancer, aging, and related pathologies. At present, very little is known about the miRNAs that regulate the expression of BMI1. Here, we report that miR-141 posttranscriptionally downregulates BMI1 expression in human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) via a miR-141 targeting sequence in the 3′ untranslated region of BMI1 mRNA. We also show that overexpression of miR-141 induces premature senescence in HDFs via targeting of BMI1 in normal but not in exogenous BMI1-overexpressing HDFs. Induction of premature senescence in HDFs was accompanied by upregulation of p16INK4a, an important downstream target of BMI1 and a major regulator of senescence. Our results suggest that miR-141-based therapies could be developed to treat pathologies where BMI1 is deregulated.
Performance Evaluation of a Planar 3DOF Robotic Exoskeleton for Motor Assessment

A new planar robotic exoskeleton for upper-limb motor assessment has been developed. It provides independent control of a user’s shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints in the horizontal plane. The lightweight backdriveable robot is based on a novel cable-driven curved track and carriage system that enables the entire mechanism to be located underneath the user’s arm. It has been designed to extend the assessment capabilities of an existing planar robotic exoskeleton. This paper presents the design and performance of the new robot. DOI: 10.1115/1.3131727
Variation and Genetic Control of Gene Expression in Primary Immunocytes across Inbred Mouse Strains

To determine the breadth and underpinning of changes in immunocyte gene expression due to genetic variation in mice, we performed, as part of the Immunological Genome Project, gene expression profiling for CD4+ T cells and neutrophils purified from 39 inbred strains of the Mouse Phenome Database. Considering both cell types, a large number of transcripts showed significant variation across the inbred strains, with 22% of the transcriptome varying by 2-fold or more. These included 119 loci with apparent complete loss of function, where the corresponding transcript was not expressed in some of the strains, representing a useful resource of “natural knockouts. ” We identified 1222 cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL) that control some of this variation. Most (60%) cis-eQTLs were shared between T cells and neutrophils, but a significant portion uniquely impacted one of the cell types, suggesting cell type–specific regulatory mechanisms. Using a conditional regression algorithm, we predicted regulatory interactions between transcription factors and potential targets, and we demonstrated that these predictions overlap with regulatory interactions inferred from transcriptional changes during immunocyte differentiation. Finally, comparison of these and parallel data from CD4+ T cells of healthy humans demonstrated intriguing similarities in variability of a gene’s expression: the most variable genes tended to be the same in both species, and there was an overlap in genes subject to strong cis-acting genetic variants. We speculate that this “conservation of variation” reflects a differential constraint on intraspecies variation in expression levels of different genes, either through lower pressure for some genes, or by favoring variability for others.
Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications Matched Drawings of Planar Graphs

A natural way to draw two planar graphs whose vertex sets are matched is to assign each matched pair a unique y-coordinate. In this paper we introduce the concept of such matched drawings, which is a relaxation of simultaneous geometric embeddings with mapping. We study which classes of graphs allow matched drawings and show that (i) two 3-connected pla-nar graphs or a 3-connected planar graph and a tree may not be matched drawable, while (ii) two trees or a planar graph and a sufficiently restricted planar graph—such as an unlabeled level planar (ULP) graph or a graph of the family of " carousel graphs " —are always matched drawable.
Robust Basis of Interval Multiobjective Linear and Quadratic Programming

In this paper we deal with multiobjective linear and quadratic programming problem with uncertain information. So far in the field of statistical analysis and data mining, e.g., mean-variance portfolio problem, support vector machine and their varieties, we have encountered various kinds of quadratic and linear programming problems with multiple criteria. Moreover coefficients in such problems have uncertainty that is expressed by interval, probabilistic distribution or possibilistic (fuzzy) distribution. In this paper, we define a robust basis for all possible perturbation of coefficients within intervals in objective functions and constraints that is regarded as secure and conservative solution under uncertainty. According to the conventional multi-objective programming literature, it is required to solve test subproblem for each basis. Therefore, in case of our interval problem excessive computational demand is estimated. In this paper investigating the properties of robust basis by means of combination of interval extreme points we obtained the result that the robust basis can be examined by working with only a finite subset of possible perturbations of the coefficients
Grasp Recognition for Programming by Demonstration

The demand for flexible and re-programmable robots has increased the need for programming by demonstration systems. In this paper, grasp recognition is considered in a programming by demonstration framework. Three methods for grasp recognition are presented and evaluated. The first method uses Hidden Markov Models to model the hand posture sequence during the grasp sequence, while the second method relies on the hand trajectory and hand rotation. The third method is a hybrid method, in which both the first two methods are active in parallel. The particular contribution is that all methods rely on the grasp sequence and not just the final posture of the hand. This facilitates grasp recognition before the grasp is completed. Also, by analyzing the entire sequence and not just the final grasp, the decision is based on more information and increased robustness of the overall system is achieved. The experimental results show that both arm trajectory and final hand posture provide important information for grasp classification. By combining them, the recognition rate of the overall system is increased.
Ranging and Three-Dimensional Imaging Using Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting and Point-by-Point Acquisition

Time-correlated single-photon counting techniques have been applied to time-of-flight ranging and imaging. This article describes recent progress in photon-counting systems performing surface mapping using point-by-point acquisition of noncooperative targets at short ranges of the order of 1-50 m, as well as measurements on distributed targets at longer ranges of the order of a 100 m to a few kilometers. We describe the measurement approach, the signal analysis methodology and algorithm selection.
Superoxide Dismutase Activity, Oxidative Damage, and Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism in Familial and Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

The cause of neuronal death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is unknown. Recently, it was found that some patients with autosomal‐dominant familial ALS (FALS) have point mutations in the gene that encodes Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). In this study of postmortem brain tissue, we examined SOD activity and quantified protein carbonyl groups, a marker of oxidative damage, in samples of frontal cortex (Brodmann area 6) from 10 control patients, three FALS patients with known SOD1 mutations (FALS‐1), one autosomal‐dominant FALS patient with no identifiable SOD1 mutations (FALS‐0), and 11 sporadic ALS (SALS) patients. Also, we determined the activities of components of the electron transport chain (complexes I, II‐III, and IV) in these samples. The cytosolic SOD activity, which is primarily SOD1 activity, was reduced by 38.8% (p < 0.05) in the FALS‐1 patients and not significantly altered in the SALS patients or the FALS‐0 patient relative to the control patients. The mitochondrial SOD activity, which is primarily SOD2 activity, was not significantly altered in the FALS‐1, FALS‐0, or SALS patients. The protein carbonyl content was elevated by 84.8% (p < 0.01) in the SALS patients relative to the control patients. Finally, the complex I activity was increased by 55.3% (p < 0.001) in the FALS‐1 patients relative to the control patients. These results from cortical tissue demonstrate that SOD1 activity is reduced and complex I activity is increased in FALS‐1 patients and that oxidative damage to proteins is increased in SALS patients.
BRANCH-PRICE-AND-CUT ALGORITHMS

In many mixed integer programs there is some embedded problem structure which can be exploited, often by a decomposition. When the relaxation in each node of a branch-andbound tree is solved by column generation, one speaks of branch-and-price. Optionally, cutting planes can be added in order to strengthen the relaxation, and this is called branchprice-and-cut. We introduce the common concepts of convexification and discretization to arrive at a Dantzig-Wolfe type reformulation of a mixed integer program. The relation between the original and the extended formulations helps us understand how cutting planes should be formulated and how branching decisions can be taken while keeping the column generation subproblems manageable.
Wet Chemistry experiments on the 2007 Phoenix Mars Scout Lander mission: Data analysis and results

[1] Chemical analyses of three Martian soil samples were performed using the Wet Chemistry Laboratories on the 2007 Phoenix Mars Scout Lander. One soil sample was obtained from the top ∼2 cm (Rosy Red) and two were obtained at ∼5 cm depth from the ice table interface (Sorceress 1 and Sorceress 2). When mixed with water in a ∼1:25 soil to solution ratio (by volume), a portion of the soil components solvated. Ion concentrations were measured using an array of ion selective electrodes and solution conductivity using a conductivity cell. The measured concentrations represent the minimum leachable ions in the soil and do not take into account species remaining in the soil. Described is the data processing and analysis for determining concentrations of seven ionic species directly measured in the soil/solution mixture. There were no significant differences in concentrations, pH, or conductivity, between the three samples. Using laboratory experiments, refinement of the surface calibrations, and modeling, we have determined a pH for the soil solution of 7.7(±0.3), under prevalent conditions, carbonate buffering, and PCO2 in the cell headspace. Perchlorate was the dominant anion in solution with a concentration for Rosy Red of 2.7(±1) mM. Equilibrium modeling indicates that measured [Ca2+] at 0.56(±0.5) mM and [Mg2+] at 2.9(±1.5) mM, are consistent with carbonate equilibrium for a saturated solution. The [Na+] and [K+] were 1.4(±0.6), and 0.36(±0.3) mM, respectively. Results indicate that the leached portion of soils at the Phoenix landing site are slightly alkaline and dominated by carbonate and perchlorate. However, it should be noted that there is a 5–15 mM discrepancy between measured ions and conductivity and another species may be present.
In vitro and in vivo degradation of non-woven materials made of poly(ε-caprolactone) nanofibers prepared by electrospinning under different conditions

The aim of this study was to prepare non-woven materials from a biodegradable polymer, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) by electrospinning. PCL was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone in bulk using stannous octoate as the catalyst under nitrogen atmosphere. PCL was then processed into non-woven matrices composed of nanofibers by electrospinning of the polymer from its solution using a high voltage power supply. The effects of PCL concentration, composition of the solvent (a mixture of chloroform and DMF with different DMF content), applied voltage and tip–collector distance on fiber diameter and morphology were investigated. The diameter of fibers increased with the increase in the polymer concentration and decrease in the DMF content significantly. Applied voltage and tip–collector distance were found critical to control 'bead' formation. Elongation-at-break, ultimate strength and Young's modulus were obtained from the mechanical tests, which were all increased by increasing fiber diameter. The fiber diameter significantly influenced both in vitro degradation (performed in Ringer solution) and in vivo biodegradation (conducted in rats) rates. In vivo degradation was found to be faster than in vitro. Electrospun membranes were more hydrophobic than PCL solvent-casted ones; therefore, their degradation was a much slower process.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Its Binding Proteins 1 and 3, and Growth Hormone-Binding Protein in Children and Adolescents with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical Implications1

Values of IGF-I after extraction, its binding proteins, and the high affinity GH-binding protein (BP) are not well established in pediatric patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We report data for IGF-I, IGFBP-1 and -3, and GHBP in 92 Spanish children with IDDM, separated according to pubertal stage: prepubertal (n = 49); pubertal onset(n = 17); mid-puberty (n = 17), and complete puberty(n = 9), as well as to metabolic control (HbA1 <9% or≥9%). IGF-I levels in IDDM patients increased throughout development(p < 0.001), but were diminished at every developmental stage when compared with matched control subjects. IGF-I concentrations showed a negative correlation with the degree of metabolic control, in particular during the prepubertal stage of development. A negative correlation(r = -0.22; p < 0.005) between IGF-I concentrations and HbA1 was found. Serum IGFBP-1 levels diminish during maturation in diabetic patients (p < 0.001). However, IDDM patients have significantly higher levels of IGFBP-1 than control subjects at every stage of development, and IDDM patients with inadequate metabolic control exhibit even greater differences when compared with matched control subjects. A positive correlation (r = 0.22; p < 0.005) between IGFBP-1 concentrations and HbA1 was found. IGFBP-3 serum levels were similar to those observed in normal subjects, and no correlation was observed in relation to the metabolic control. In IDDM patients, GHBP levels change significantly during maturation, as they do in normal control subjects; however, significantly lower GHBP levels were found in prepubertal and pubertal IDDM patients. GHBP levels were independent of metabolic control, although a tendency toward lower levels of GHBP was seen when HbA1 levels increased. We suggest that a partial GH resistance syndrome exists in IDDM patients, and this may be related to the metabolic control. Hence, the biochemical markers measured here may be of value in evaluating the smaller pubertal growth spurt in diabetic patients.
LERI: Local Exploration for Rare-Category Identification

To identify the data examples of rare categories that form small compact clusters in large data sets, existing approaches mostly require enough labeled data examples as a training set to learn a classifier, assuming that the rare-category clusters are spherical or nearly spherical. Nonetheless, a large enough training set is usually difficult to obtain in practice, and rare categories in many real-world applications often form small compact clusters with arbitrary shapes. In this paper, we investigate how to identify all data examples of a rare category with an arbitrary shape based on only one seed (i.e., a labeled rare-category data example). Instead of finding a compact and spherical local region around the seed, we locally explore the data set from the seed by continuously searching and visiting the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="gao-ieq1-2911941.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-nearest neighbors of each newly visited data example. The local exploration connects the data examples in the objective rare category by the relationship of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="gao-ieq2-2911941.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-nearest neighbors, and meanwhile, suspected external data examples are filtered out if they are not close enough to any visited data example. Experimental results on both synthetic and real-world data sets are conducted, and the results verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.
Member Perspectives on the Role of BDSM Communities

Bondage-discipline/Dominance-submission/sadomasochism (BDSM) is an often misunderstood and misrepresented social phenomenon warranting further discourse and study. Community-based research that engages member perspective can assist in understanding socially marginalized experiences. The current study examined the role, meaning, and function of BDSM communities from the perspective of self-identified members. Seven nominal group technique workshops were conducted representing a variety of practitioner experiences and identities. Workshops involved 48 participants and resulted in the generation of 133 unique terms describing the role of BDSM communities in their lives. Terms were coded using a five-step procedure involving both academic and community members. A total of 15 categories were identified and included domains such as acceptance, sexual expression, friendship, safety, and sharing of educational knowledge. Results underscore the multifaceted nature of the role of such communities. While results consisted of mostly positive features, participants also identified certain negative aspects, such as conflict among members. Results from the study provide a succinct, member-derived, structured inventory of the role of BDSM communities that can serve to validate and synthesize existing research, improve dissemination of community voice around BDSM, and inform future research. We conclude with a discussion of the study’s implications for sex education, clinical practice, and community dissemination.
Information Literacy

Information literacy is a meta-competency that encapsulates the generic skills of defining, locating and accessing information. It is an essential and integral competency for both the knowledge worker and effective knowledge management. Librarians need to realign their roles from providers and organizers of information, to facilitators and educators of clients’ information access and process. This requires librarians to develop partnerships with workplace communities so as to understand the role that information plays in the knowledge economy; and to develop a new language that is relevant to workplace communities and ties information literacy instruction to the authentic situations of the workplace. Information literacy is a meta-competency: it is the currency of the knowledge economy. The themes introduced in this paper are drawn from the current doctoral research of the author. The research examines what it means to individuals to be information literate in a workplace context, and how information literacy manifests and transfers in to workplace practice.
Comment on “ Exposed-Key Weakness of αη ”

We show that the claim of insecurity of the Y-00 (or αη) cryptosystem made by C. Ahn and K. Birnbaum in Phys. Lett. A 370 (2007) 131-135 even under ciphertextonly heterodyne attack, as well as the unfavorable security comparison between αη and an additive stream cipher for all kinds of attacks, is based on invalid extrapolations of Shannon’s random cipher analysis to two concrete ciphers and on an invalid statistical independence assumption. We generalize earlier work on nonrandom ciphers to random ciphers like αη and show that expressions of the kind given by Ahn and Birnbaum can at best be interpreted as lower bounds on the average number of spurious keys seen by the eavesdropper and thus cannot in principle establish insecurity of the system.
Sets of Optimal Frequency-Hopping Sequences

In communication systems, frequency-hopping spread spectrum and direct-sequence spread spectrum are two main spread coding technologies. Frequency-hopping sequences are needed in FH-CDMA systems. In this correspondence, three algebraic constructions of sets of optimal frequency-hopping sequences are presented. The parameters of these sets of frequency-hopping sequences are new and flexible.