Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: serial early vascular and cellular changes after transarterial chemoembolization as detected with MR imaging.

PURPOSE To prospectively assess serial changes in contrast material-enhanced and diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging values within 1 month after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval was obtained for this prospective HIPAA-compliant study. MR imaging was performed before and within 24 hours after TACE in 24 patients with HCC (21 male, three female; mean age, 59 years and 62 years, respectively). Serial MR imaging was subsequently performed 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after therapy. The imaging protocol included fast spin-echo T2-weighted MR imaging, breath-hold DW echo-planar MR imaging, and breath-hold unenhanced and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted three-dimensional fat-suppressed gradient-recalled-echo MR imaging in the arterial and portal venous phases. Tumor size, enhancement, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were recorded before and sequentially after treatment. Regression models for the correlated data were used to assess changes in these parameters over time after TACE. RESULTS Mean tumor size was 7.5 cm and was unchanged up to 4 weeks after therapy. Reduction in tumor enhancement in the arterial phase occurred immediately after TACE, with a consistent reduction occurring 1-3 weeks after therapy (P = .001). Reduction in tumor enhancement in the portal venous phase also occurred immediately after TACE, with a consistent reduction occurring 1-3 weeks after therapy (P = .0003). The increase in tumor ADC value was significant 1-2 weeks after therapy (P = .004), borderline significant 3 weeks after therapy, and insignificant 24 hours and 4 weeks after therapy. CONCLUSION Significant reduction in tumor enhancement occurred within 24 hours after TACE and persisted up to 4 weeks after TACE. Lesser changes in the ADC value appeared 1 week after TACE, persisted through 2 weeks after TACE, and became less apparent 3 and 4 weeks after TACE. No change in tumor size was recorded during the follow-up period.
Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy (HIBM2)

Hereditary inclusion body myopathy type 2 (HIBM2) is a myopathy characterized by progressive muscle weakness with early adult onset. The disease is the result of a recessive mutation in the Glucosamine (UDP-N-acetyl)-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase gene (GNE), which results in reduced enzyme function and sialic acid levels. A majority of individuals with HIBM2 are from Iranian-Jewish or Japanese decent, but isolated cases have been identified world wide. This article reviews the diagnostic criteria for HIBM2. Current research with a highlight on the biology of the disease and the role of GNE in the sialic acid pathway are assessed. Finally, therapeutic investigations and animal models are discussed with a focus on future studies to better understand the pathology of Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy and move therapeutic agents towards clinical trials.
Space-time as a causal set.

We propose that space-time at the smallest scales is in reality a causal set: a locally finite set of elements endowed with a partial order corresponding to the macroscopic relation that defines past and future. We explore how a Lorentzian manifold can approximate a causal set, noting in particular that the thereby defined effective dimensionality of a given causal set can vary with length scale. Finally, we speculate briefly on the quantum dynamics of causal sets, indicating why an appropriate choice of action can reproduce general relativity in the classical limit.
Rule-Based Chunker for Croatian

In this paper we discuss a rule-based approach to chunking sentences in Croatian, implemented using local regular grammars within the NooJ development environment. We describe the rules and their implementation by regular grammars and at the same time show that in NooJ environment it is extremely easy to fine tune their different sub-rules. Since Croatian has strong morphosyntactic features that are shared between most or all elements of a chunk, the rules are built by taking these features into account and strongly relying on them. For the evaluation of our chunker we used a extracted set of manually annotated sentences from 100 kw MSD/tagged and disambiguated Croatian corpus. Our chunker performed the best on VP-chunks (F: 97.01), while NP-chunks (F: 92.31) and PP-chunks (F: 83.08) were of lower quality. The results are comparable to chunker performance of CoNLL-2000 shared task of chunking.
High‐Performance Mesostructured Organic Hybrid Pseudocapacitor Electrodes

The electrodes of a hybrid electrochemical capacitor which utilize the quinone (Q)‐hydroquinone (QH2) couple, a prototypical organic redox system known to provide fast and reversible proton‐coupled electron‐transfer reactions, are deterministically mesostructured via a colloidal templating strategy to provide good ion and electron transport pathways, enabling a high rate performance. Specifically, a conducting polymer, polypyrrole (PPy), is functionalized with a pseudocapacitive material, a Q/QH2‐containing catechol derivative, by noncovalent interactions. The mesostructure of this hybrid material is formed into an ordered 3D porous structure by a polystyrene colloidal crystal template‐assisted electrosynthesis. The catechol derivative is sufficiently bound to the PPy through noncovalent interactions to provide a volumetric capacitance as high as ≈130 F cm−3 and a capacitance retention of ≈75% over 10 000 charging/discharging cycles. When compared with a randomly structured electrode, the deterministically structured electrode exhibits an improved rate performance due to the mesostructure facilitated electron and ion transport.
An Improved Prefix-Free Regular-Expression Matching

We revisit the regular-expression matching problem with respect to prefix-freeness of the pattern. It is known that a prefix-free pattern gives only a linear number of matching substrings in the size of an input text. We improve the previous algorithm and suggest an efficient algorithm that finds all pairs (start, end) of start and end positions of all matching substrings with a single scan of the input when the pattern is a prefix-free regular expression.
Automatic test case generation based on genetic algorithm and mutation analysis

This paper proposes a method that automatically generates software test cases based on a genetic algorithm and mutation analysis. Our method combines random generation and refinement. Each test case is generated randomly in the first step, and then a set of test cases is refined by the genetic algorithm. To measure the adequacy of the test case set, we use mutation scores, which are based on the mutation analysis of software testing. Our proposed method, which is applied to a C programing language program, automatically generated test case sets with 100% branch and boundary value coverages. The generation time of one test case set was approximately 130 ms.
NP = coNP

It is well-known that the problem of recognizing an ESS in a symmetric bimatrix game is coNP-complete. In this paper, we show that recognizing an ESS even in doubly symmetric bimatrix games is also coNP-complete. Our result further implies that recognizing asymptotically stable equilibria of the replicator dynamic in this class of games is also a coNP-complete problem. It is also known that a strategy in a doubly symmetric bimatrix game is an ESS if and only if it is locally strictly efficient, that is, if it is a strict local maximum of a corresponding standard quadratic program. Since the latter problem is NP-hard it follows that NP = coNP.
Animation, Small Multiples, and the Effect of Mental Map Preservation in Dynamic Graphs

In this paper, we present the results of a human-computer interaction experiment that compared the performance of the animation of dynamic graphs to the presentation of small multiples and the effect that mental map preservation had on the two conditions. Questions used in the experiment were selected to test both local and global properties of graph evolution over time. The data sets used in this experiment were derived from standard benchmark data sets of the information visualization community. We found that small multiples gave significantly faster performance than animation overall and for each of our five graph comprehension tasks. In addition, small multiples had significantly more errors than animation for the tasks of determining sets of nodes or edges added to the graph during the same timeslice, although a positive time-error correlation coefficient suggests that, in this case, faster responses did not lead to more errors. This result suggests that, for these two tasks, animation is preferable if accuracy is more important than speed. Preserving the mental map under either the animation or the small multiples condition had little influence in terms of error rate and response time.
Joint Symptoms, Aromatase Inhibitor-Related Adverse Reactions, Are Indirectly Associated with Decreased Serum Estradiol

Background. Joint symptoms (JSs) are problematic adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of aromatase inhibitors (AIs). Involvement of decreased serum estradiol (SE) has been suggested. Patients and Methods. 104 postmenopausal breast cancer patients administered an AI were prospectively investigated regarding various clinical parameters, JS and hot flashes as ADRs, and the SE level. Results. JS manifested in 31.7% of patients and hot flashes in 18.3%. Chi-square testing showed a significantly higher incidence of JS in several patient strata: <55 years old, decreased SE, and elevated total cholesterol (TC). In univariate analysis, JS correlated significantly with a pre-AI % YAM of ≥80%, decreased SE, and elevated TC. Eight (7.7%) patients maintained SE at ≥5 pg/mL for >6 consecutive months, with no JS. In chi-square testing, hot flashes showed a significantly higher incidence in patients <55 years old. Conclusion. AI-ADRs occurred more readily in younger patients. Decreased SE may be indirectly involved in JS.
Low-Carbon Development for the Least Developed Countries

The global community has to act collectively to halt climate change. But such collective action must take into account the development needs of the least developed countries (LDCs), which are likely to be hit earliest and hardest by climate change. The priority of such countries remains poverty alleviation and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, but the three challenges of limiting climate change, adapting to its consequences and reducing poverty have to be faced together. This requires LDCs eventually to follow a development path that differs from those trodden by today’s industrial countries and emerging market economies. There is no room in the long term for high-emission economies, and high-carbon growth is unsustainable given the possible consequences for fossil-fuel supplies and climate-change impacts.
Stress-Strain Response of Wood Under Radial Compression. Part I. Test Method and Influences of Cellular Properties

A new test system was developed for real-time microscopic observation of wood cell-wall deformation and stress-strain relationship under transverse compression. The system consists of a small compression device, a stereo-microscope, a video microscaler, a videocassette recorder and a computer-based data logger. The significance of this system is that it allows the influence of cellular structure of wood on its stress-strain behavior and the cell-wall collapse mechanism to be studied. This test system was used in a research program aimed at generating some basic understanding of microstructural behavior of wood under transverse compression. Tests were conducted on white spruce specimens to evaluate the proposed test procedure and system, and the influences of some microscopic and macroscopic features such as wood density, cell-wall thickness, and earlywood/latewood ratio. End-matched specimens were tested using the test system at three levels of magnification. Gross and individual ring behaviors were observed and measured by testing at a low magnification (12X). Earlywood and latewood behaviors were measured separately using a medium level of magnification (32X). Finally the mechanism of cell-wall collapse was observed using the highest magnification (160X). Test results show that earlywood and latewood have varying degrees of influence on the various segments of the gross stress-strain curve in radial compression. First collapse of cellular structure occurs at a location with minimum cell-wall thickness and density. Initiation of cell-wall collapse and its gradual progression are clearly visible using the apparatus, thereby verifying the capability of the proposed method.
Sexual ictal manifestations predominate in women with temporal lobe epilepsy

Twelve women patients with temporal lobe epilepsy reported sexual arousal or orgasm as part of epileptic seizures, usually the aura. In two patients, the sexual feelings were reproduced by stimulation of deep temporal structures. Eleven similar women have been described by other authors, and only three men. These findings suggest a different neural organization of male and female sexual function in the human brain. The sexually dimorphic structures are probably located in the limbic portion of the temporal lobe.
Chaotic dynamics of inertial particles in three-dimensional rotating flows

Transport and mixing problems in non-turbulent flows have been studied with chaotic advection theory to understand and quantify the characteristics of the fluid particle dynamics in simple analytical flows, and new analyses have been recently extended to realistic and more complex, experimentally realizable flows. Many environmental and engineering flows have also two or more phases, but little progress has been made in understanding the properties of these flows when there are inertial particles within the fluid. The purpose of this research is to study numerically the dynamics of inertial particles in a three-dimensional flow inside a closed cylinder with exactly counter-rotating lids. The one-way coupling simulations are based on analytical models of the forces acting on the particles, and on a simple elastic collision scheme with the boundaries. The solutions show how the effect of gravity can suppress the chaotic motion observed in fluid particles due to sedimentation. Particle dynamics without gravity force is also analyzed through Lagrangian average maps and particle variance of concentration, confirming the effect of inertia that decreases mixing in the container. Additionally, from periodic orbit theory we evaluate a global average of the flow such as particle dispersion, based on the spectrum of the orbits obtained from the determinant calculated with few prime cycles of the system.
Complex Verbs are Different: Exploring the Visual Modality in Multi-Modal Models to Predict Compositionality

This paper compares a neural network DSM relying on textual co-occurrences with a multi-modal model integrating visual information. We focus on nominal vs. verbal compounds, and zoom into lexical, empirical and perceptual target properties to explore the contribution of the visual modality. Our experiments show that (i) visual features contribute differently for verbs than for nouns, and (ii) images complement textual information, if (a) the textual modality by itself is poor and appropriate image subsets are used, or (b) the textual modality by itself is rich and large (potentially noisy) images are added.
The Reliability and Validity of Revised Collett—Lester Fear of Death Scale (Version 3) in a Nigerian Population

The purpose of the study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Collett—Lester Fear of Death Scale in a Nigerian population. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students using the Collett—Lester fear of death questionnaire, demographic variables were also obtained. A total of 175 students completed the questionnaire. Reliability score was good and convergent validity was also good. We concluded that the scale has good validity and reliability score among this population.
The kinetic aspects of intracellular fluorescence labeling with TMA-DPH support the maturation model for endocytosis in L929 cells

TMA-DPH (1-(4-trimethylammonium)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene), a hydrophobic fluorescent membrane probe, interacts with living cells by instantaneous incorporation into the plasma membrane, where it becomes fluorescent. It then follows the intracellular constitutive membrane traffic and acts as a bulk membrane marker of the endocytic pathway (Illinger, D., P. Poindron, P. Fonteneau, M. Modolell, and J. G. Kuhry. 1990. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1030:73-81; Illinger, D., P. Poindron, and J. G. Kuhry. 1991. Biol. Cell. 73:131-138). As such, TMA-DPH displays particular properties mainly due to partition between membranes and aqueous media. From these properties, original arguments can be inferred in favor of the maturation model for the endocytic pathway, against that of pre-existing compartments, in L929 cultured mouse fibroblasts. (a) TMA-DPH labeling is seen to progress from the cell periphery to perinuclear regions during endocytosis without any noticeable loss in fluorescence intensity; with a vesicle shuttle model this evolution would be accompanied by probe dilution with a decrease in the overall intracellular fluorescence intensity, and the labeling of the inner (late) compartments could in no way become more intense than that of the peripheral (early) ones. (b) From TMA-DPH fluorescence anisotropy assays, it is concluded that membrane fluidity is the same in the successive endocytic compartments as in the plasma membrane, which probably denotes a similar phospholipidic membrane composition, as might be expected in the maturation model. (c) TMA-DPH internalization and release kinetics are more easily described with the maturation model.
Mere Generation: Essential Barometer or Dated Concept?

The computational creativity community (rightfully) takes a dim view of supposedly creative systems that operate by mere generation . However, what exactly this means has never been adequately deﬁned, and therefore the idea of requiring systems to exceed this standard is problematic. Here, we revisit the question of mere generation and attempt to qualitatively identify what constitutes exceeding this threshold. This exercise leads to the conclusion that the question is likely no longer relevant for the ﬁeld and that a failure to recognize this is likely detrimental to its future health.
Health sector accreditation research: a systematic review.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze research into accreditation and accreditation processes. DATA SOURCES A multi-method, systematic review of the accreditation literature was conducted from March to May 2007. The search identified articles researching accreditation. Discussion or commentary pieces were excluded. STUDY SELECTION From the initial identification of over 3000 abstracts, 66 studies that met the search criteria by empirically examining accreditation were selected. DATA EXTRACTION AND RESULTS OF DATA SYNTHESIS: The 66 studies were retrieved and analyzed. The results, examining the impact or effectiveness of accreditation, were classified into 10 categories: professions' attitudes to accreditation, promote change, organizational impact, financial impact, quality measures, program assessment, consumer views or patient satisfaction, public disclosure, professional development and surveyor issues. RESULTS The analysis reveals a complex picture. In two categories consistent findings were recorded: promote change and professional development. Inconsistent findings were identified in five categories: professions' attitudes to accreditation, organizational impact, financial impact, quality measures and program assessment. The remaining three categories-consumer views or patient satisfaction, public disclosure and surveyor issues-did not have sufficient studies to draw any conclusion. The search identified a number of national health care accreditation organizations engaged in research activities. CONCLUSION The health care accreditation industry appears to be purposefully moving towards constructing the evidence to ground our understanding of accreditation.
An outbreak of hepatitis A associated with a spa pool.

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A novel mobile wireless sensing system for realtime monitoring of posture and spine stress

Poor posture or extra stress on the spine has been shown to lead to a variety of spinal disorders including chronic back pain, and to incur numerous health costs to society. For this reason, workplace ergonomics is rapidly becoming indispensable in all major corporations. Making the individual continuously aware of poor posture may reduce out-of-posture tendencies and encourage healthy spinal habits. We have developed a novel wireless mobile sensing system which monitors spine stress in real-time by detecting poor back posture and strain on the back due to prolonged sitting or standing. The system provides a new method of measuring spine stress at both the back and the feet by integrating posture sensors with strain sensors. Posture and strain data is collected by means of a posture sensor at the neck and weight sensors at the feet. Data is transmitted wirelessly to a central processing station and real-time feedback is provided to the user's mobile device when sustained bad posture is detected. Moreover, the position of the patient (sitting, standing, or walking) can be determined by analysis of the weight sensor data and is visualized in real-time, along with back posture, at the central station by means of a graphical animation. Finally, data from all sensors is stored in a database to enable post processing and data analysis, and a summary report of daily posture and physical activity is sent to the user's email. The use of centralized processing allows for high performance data analysis and storage at the central station which enables tracking of the individual's progress. We demonstrate effectiveness of our system in simultaneously monitoring posture and position by testing in numerous situations.