Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patient satisfaction with delivery of products and information by an ambulatory care pharmacy.

A survey for assessing ongoing patient satisfaction with ambulatory care pharmaceutical services was developed for and tested in a veterans population; acquiescence response to survey items and desire for potential future services were measured. A questionnaire based on key aspects of patient satisfaction described in the literature was distributed to 1451 patients visiting an ambulatory care pharmacy prescription-pickup window during five consecutive days in 1994. Patients were asked about current services and the desirability of potential future services. Patients indicated their responses to statements about current services. Acquiescence response (the tendency to agree with statements regardless of content) was measured by using matched pairs of contradictory statements. The response rate was 48.3%. Patients' mean +/- S.D. overall satisfaction with current services was 3.7 +/- 1.1. The responses of 72.0% of patients exhibited no contradictions. The potential new service wanted most by respondents was availability of a pharmacist to talk with patients by telephone; seeing a pharmacist in the clinic instead of a physician for drug-related problems was wanted least by respondents. Veterans responding to a survey of satisfaction with ambulatory care pharmaceutical services had a low tendency to agree with statements regardless of content. The survey can be used to assess veterans' ongoing satisfaction.
Standards for Language Resources

This paper presents an abstract data model for linguistic annotations and its implementation using XML, RDF and related standards; and to outline the work of a newly formed committee of the International Standards Organization (ISO), ISO/TC 37/SC 4 Language Resource Management, which will use this work as its starting point. The primary motive for presenting the latter is to solicit the participation of members of the research community to contribute to the work of the committee.
Security threats against the transmission chain of a medical health monitoring system

One of the most important aspects of a wireless health monitoring system is the security of data. In this paper, security attacks against the complete transmission chain of a medical health monitoring system are enumerated and classified based on their threat to three security principles: confidentiality, integrity and availability. The communication chain is divided in a standard way into three tiers and relevant threats are identified for each tier. Security requirements corresponding to these threats are presented. It is noted that end-to-end security is not feasible due to distributed computing and the incompatibility of the data standards of different tiers.
MLPACK: a scalable C++ machine learning library

MLPACK is a state-of-the-art, scalable, multi-platform C++ machine learning library released in late 2011 offering both a simple, consistent API accessible to novice users and high performance and flexibility to expert users by leveraging modern features of C++. MLPACK provides cutting-edge algorithms whose benchmarks exhibit far better performance than other leading machine learning libraries. MLPACK version 1.0. 3, licensed under the LGPL, is available at http://www.mlpack. org.
Routine HIV Screening in the Emergency Department Using the New US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines: Results From a High-Prevalence Area

Background:In 2006, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released new recommendations for routine HIV testing. Among these were recommendations that emergency departments (EDs) offer routine opt-out HIV screening to their patients. We established a screening program implementing these recommendations at an urban university hospital ED in Washington, DC. We report the results of this program. Methods:During a 3-month period, ED patients being treated for a wide range of conditions were approached by trained HIV screeners and offered point-of-care rapid HIV testing. Patients with positive results were referred to hospital or community resources for confirmatory testing and treatment. Results:During the program period, 14,986 patients were treated in the ED and 4151 (27.6%) were offered HIV screening. The mean patient age was 37.5 years; 48.5% were black, 39.0% were non-Hispanic white, 4.1% were Hispanic, 1.7% were Asian, and 6.7% responded as being other race. A total of 56.1% were female, and most lived within the Washington, DC metropolitan area. Of the patients offered HIV screening, 2476 (59.7%) accepted the test. Of the 26 patients with a preliminary positive screen, 13 were lost to follow-up, 9 were confirmed positive by Western blot, and 4 were confirmed negative by Western blot. Eight of the 9 patients with confirmed HIV infection were successfully linked to follow-up care. Conclusions:The implementation of the CDC recommendations establishing routine opt-out HIV screening programs in EDs is feasible. Further efforts to establish routine ED HIV testing are therefore warranted.
Metalloprotein Design & Engineering

Metalloproteins play important roles in biology. They account for about 1/3 of structurally characterized proteins and about 1/2 of all proteins.1 The availability of different metal ions with various redox states, ligands, and geometries about the metal ion allows for fine-tuning of the reactivity of proteins at the highest level. As shown in other sections of this encyclopedia, studies of native metalloproteins and their variants have provided numerous insights. Design and engineering of metalloproteins can serve as a touchstone whereby the principles obtained from the studies are tested, and help determine whether the necessary features identified from the studies are sufficient to confer the structure and function of the proteins. Since it is a bottom-up approach of building the proteins that is complementary to the top-down approach of native protein studies, it can offer new insights. Furthermore, it is possible to design metalloproteins with unprecedented structural and functional properties. Finally, most designed proteins are smaller than the native proteins, making them easier for practical applications. A number of excellent reviews on metalloprotein design and engineering have appeared in the literature.2–28 This review will focus mainly on advances in creating new metalbinding sites in proteins.
Interaction for reading comprehension on mobile devices

This paper introduces a touch-based reading interface for tablets designed to support vocabulary acquisition, text comprehension, and reduction of reading anxiety. Touch interaction is leveraged to allow direct replacement of words with synonyms, easy access to word definitions and seamless dialogue with a personalized model of the reader's vocabulary. We discuss how fluid interaction and direct manipulation coupled with natural language processing can help address the reading needs of audiences such as school-age children and English as Second Language learners.
Autobiographical Memory in Major Depression: A Comparison between First-Episode and Recurrent Patients

Autobiographical memory in depression is characterized by an increase in general memory evocation. The aim of this study is to compare autobiographical memory in patients with a first depressive episode and in recurrent patients before and after recovery, using Williams’ and Scott’s autobiographical memory test. Our results show an increase of the number of general memories only with positive cue words in both groups of patients during the depressive episode. After clinical improvement, this specificity remains in recurrent patients who, in addition, recall more general memories for negative words. By contrast, patients with a first depressive episode are no longer different from controls. These results show both an overgeneralization and a deficit in positive memory access during the depressive episode, whatever the number of previous episodes. Moreover, recurrence chronically modifies access to emotional memories.
Self help: Seeking out perplexing images for ever improving navigation

This paper is a demonstration of how a robot can, through introspection and then targeted data retrieval, improve its own performance. It is a step in the direction of lifelong learning and adaptation and is motivated by the desire to build robots that have plastic competencies which are not baked in. They should react to and benefit from use. We consider a particular instantiation of this problem in the context of place recognition. Based on a topic based probabilistic model of images, we use a measure of perplexity to evaluate how well a working set of background images explain the robot's online view of the world. Offline, the robot then searches an external resource to seek out additional background images that bolster its ability to localise in its environment when used next. In this way the robot adapts and improves performance through use.
Long-term use benefits of personal frequency-modulated systems for speech in noise perception in patients with stroke with auditory processing deficits: a non-randomised controlled trial study

Objectives Approximately one in five stroke survivors suffer from difficulties with speech reception in noise, despite normal audiometry. These deficits are treatable with personal frequency-modulated systems (FMs). This study aimed to evaluate long-term benefits in speech reception in noise, after daily 10-week use of personal FMs, in non-aphasic patients with stroke with auditory processing deficits. Design This was a prospective non-randomised controlled trial study. Patients were allocated to an intervention care group or standard care subjects group according to their willingness to use the intervention or not. Setting Tertiary care setting. Participants Nine non-aphasic subjects with ischaemic stroke, normal/near-normal audiometry and auditory processing deficits and with reported difficulties understanding speech in background noise were recruited in the subacute stroke stage (3–12 months after stroke). Interventions Four patients (intervention care subjects) used the FMs in their daily life over 10 weeks. Five patients (standard care subjects) received standard care. Primary outcome measures All subjects were tested at baseline (visit 1) and 10 weeks later (visit 2) on a sentences in noise test with the FMs (aided) and without the FMs (unaided). Results Speech reception thresholds showed clinically and statistically significant improvements in intervention but not in standard care subjects at 10 weeks in aided and unaided conditions. Conclusions 10-week use of FMs by adult patients with stroke may lead to benefits in unaided speech in noise perception. Our findings may indicate auditory plasticity type changes and require further investigation. Trial registration number Pre-results; NCT02889107.
Relationships between Lifestyle, Living Environments, and Incidence of Hypertension in Japan (in Men): Based on Participant’s Data from the Nationwide Medical Check-Up

This study aims to investigate factors that contribute to the differences in incidence of hypertension between different regions in Japan, by accounting for not only individual lifestyles, but also their living environments. The target participants of this survey were individuals who received medical treatment for hypertension, as well as hypertension patients who have not received any treatment. The objective variable for analysis was the incidence of hypertension as data aggregated per prefecture. We used data (in men) including obesity, salt intake, vegetable intake, habitual alcohol consumption, habitual smoking, and number of steps walked per day. The variables within living environment included number of rail stations, standard/light vehicle usage, and slope of habitable land. In addition, we analyzed data for the variables related to medical environment including, participation rate in medical check-ups and number of hospitals. We performed multiple stepwise regression analyses to elucidate the correlation of these variables by using hypertension incidence as the objective variable. Hypertension incidence showed a significant negative correlation with walking and medical check-ups, and a significant positive correlation with light-vehicle usage and slope. Between the number of steps and variables related to the living environment, number of rail stations showed a significant positive correlation, while, standard- and light-vehicle usage showed significant negative correlation. Moreover, with stepwise multiple regression analysis, walking showed the strongest effect. The differences in daily walking based on living environment were associated with the disparities in the hypertension incidence in Japan.
The Status and Future of Consciousness Research

As papers about consciousness are so often introduced, consciousness was until few decades ago considered a philosophical problem only, and the current interest in empirical consciousness research was unforeseen. This development was of course influenced by the technological advancements in neuroscience during those decades, but more important and fundamental was a new openness to interdisciplinary integration of research questions, methods and arguments. Cognitive scientists and neuroscientists agreed that the philosophical problems of why and how there is consciousness are also their problems. Philosophers agreed that empirical evidence may resolve or at least influence this debate. Scientists across disciplines generally agree that consciousness is subjective, characterized by a kind of privileged first-person access. Consciousness research has proven to be an actual and functioning discipline able to provide meaningful and reproducible results. Nevertheless, it has yet only scratched the surface in the attempt to solve some its bigger challenges, e.g., its many underlying questions of metaphysics (i.e., why does consciousness exist? ) and questions of mechanisms (how does consciousness exist? ). One major obstacle for consciousness research is the lacking consensus of how to optimally measure consciousness empirically. Another major challenge is how to identify neural correlates of consciousness. This challenge clearly relates to the first as one needs to apply a measure of consciousness in order to identify its correlates. Current consciousness research is already occupied with these questions that may even be said to dominate the scientific debate. As it will be argued below, consciousness research may face problems in the future that are currently less debated but which are logical extensions of the challenges above. It is a natural ambition when developing a measure of consciousness to be able to determine whether nonreporting subjects or even machines are conscious and of what. And it is a natural ambition when finding neural correlates of consciousness to understand how these correlates relate to a deeper metaphysical understanding of the relation between subjective experience and the physical substrate of the brain.
A global geography of synchrony for terrestrial vegetation

Aim Previous work demonstrated a pronounced geography of synchrony for marine phytoplankton and used that geography to infer statistical environmental determinants of synchrony. Here, we determine whether terrestrial vegetation (measured by the enhanced vegetation index, EVI) also shows a geography of synchrony and we infer determinants of EVI synchrony. As vegetation is the basis of the terrestrial food web, changes in spatio-temporal vegetation dynamics may have major consequences. Location The land. Time period 2001–2014. Major taxa Plants. Methods Synchrony in terrestrial vegetation is mapped globally. Spatial statistics and model selection are used to identify main statistical determinants of synchrony and of geographical patterns in synchrony. Results The first main result is that there is a pronounced and previously unrecognized geography of synchrony for terrestrial vegetation. Some areas, such as the Sahara and Southern Africa, exhibited nearly perfect synchrony, whereas other areas, such as the Pacific coast of South America, showed very little synchrony. Spatial modelling provided the second main result, namely that synchrony in temperature and precipitation were major determinants of synchrony in EVI, supporting the presence of dual global Moran effects. These effects depended on the time-scales on which synchrony was assessed, providing our third main result, namely that synchrony of EVI and its geography are time-scale specific. Main conclusions To our knowledge, this study is the first to document the geography of synchrony in terrestrial vegetation. We showed that geographical variation in synchrony is pronounced. We used geographical patterns to identify determinants of synchrony. This study is one of very few studies to demonstrate two separate synchronous environmental variables driving synchrony simultaneously. The geography of synchrony is apparently a major phenomenon that has been little explored.
E XPERIMENTAL E VALUATION OF N O SQL D ATABASES

Relational databases are a technology used universally that enables storage, management and retrieval of varied data schemas. However, execution of requests can become a lengthy and inefficient process for some large databases. Moreover, storing large amounts of data requires servers with larger capacities and scalability capabilities. Relational databases have limitations to deal with scalability for large volumes of data. On the other hand, non-relational database technologies, also known as NoSQL, were developed to better meet the needs of key-value storage of large amounts of records. But there is a large amount of NoSQL candidates, and most have not been compared thoroughly yet. The purpose of this paper is to compare different NoSQL databases, to evaluate their performance according to the typical use for storing and retrieving data. We tested 10 NoSQL databases with Yahoo! Cloud Serving Benchmark using a mix of operations to better understand the capability of non-relational databases for handling different requests, and to understand how performance is affected by each database type and their internal mechanisms.
Ultrashort-pulse laser machining

A new type of material processing is enabled with ultrashort (t < 10 ps) laser pulses. Cutting, drilling, sculpting of all materials (biologic materials, ceramics, sapphire, silicon carbide, diamond, metals) occurs by new mechanisms that eliminate thermal shock or collateral damage. High-precision machining to submicron tolerances is enabled resulting in high surface quality and negligible heat affected zone.
Cell characterization for noise stability

Verifying whether a digital standard-cell design is functional in the presence of interconnect coupling noise is an important concern to ASIC designers. Determining whether the coupling noise occurring on a node is excessive requires comparing this noise against the dynamic noise margins of the receiving gates. The noise stability requirement, introduced in the context of transistor-level static noise analysis, is a technique for quantifying these AC noise margins. In this paper, we describe a technique for modelling noise stability in the form of a four-parameter rule which can be used to characterize the cells of a digital standard-cell library.
A PTAS for Agnostically Learning Halfspaces

We present a PTAS for agnostically learning halfspaces w.r. t. the uniform distribution on the $d$ dimensional sphere. Namely, we show that for every $\mu>0$ there is an algorithm that runs in time $\mathrm{poly}(d,\frac{1}{\epsilon})$, and is guaranteed to return a classifier with error at most $(1+\mu)\mathrm{opt}+\epsilon$, where $\mathrm{opt}$ is the error of the best halfspace classifier. This improves on Awasthi, Balcan and Long [ABL14] who showed an algorithm with an (unspecified) constant approximation ratio. Our algorithm combines the classical technique of polynomial regression (e.g. [LMN89, KKMS05]), together with the new localization technique of [ABL14].
Peking University at DUC 2006

This paper has described a summary extraction system implemented by Peking University at DUC 2006. The system follows the assumption that there must exist some sentences which can summarize the topic briefly. Then our system depends on various features to judge whether a sentence is appropriately included in the summary. Our results are satisfying in the evaluations including linguistic quality, responsiveness, Rouge and pyramid evaluations.
Oil Wealth, Resource Curse and Development: Any Lessons for Ghana?

Ghana's new status as an oil-producing country has invigorated the scholarly debate on the resource curse theory, which assumes that countries with vast natural resource wealth like oil, diamond and gold are likely to experience slow economic growth and development as compared to countries with scarce natural resources. Although the development literature is well endowed with cases of countries with huge natural resources that have experienced slow economic growth, the literature is also clear on few other countries with enormous natural resources that continue to experience high economic growth due to strong political institutions and democratic practices. Norway and Botswana are two good examples. This paper employs the resource curse theory to examine the central research question of whether Ghana's democratic institutions and governance practices can help the country escape the resource curse. While Ghana's democratic institutions appear to provide a solid foundation for its new oil wealth, this paper argues that Ghana can only escape the resource curse if oil sector governance practices are accorded the same or higher attention as democratic governance practices. Clearly, the central argument by the authors to shift the debate toward oil sector governance is particularly important to the ongoing discourse on Ghana's oil wealth.
Babesia and its hosts: adaptation to long-lasting interactions as a way to achieve efficient transmission

Babesia, the causal agent of babesiosis, are tick-borne apicomplexan protozoa. True babesiae (Babesia genus sensu stricto) are biologically characterized by direct development in erythrocytes and by transovarial transmission in the tick. A large number of true Babesia species have been described in various vertebrate and tick hosts. This review presents the genus then discusses specific adaptations of Babesia spp. to their hosts to achieve efficient transmission. The main adaptations lead to long-lasting interactions which result in the induction of two reservoirs: in the vertebrate host during low long-term parasitemia and throughout the life cycle of the tick host as a result of transovarial and transstadial transmission. The molecular bases of these adaptations in vertebrate hosts are partially known but few of the tick-host interaction mechanisms have been elucidated.
Visualization and the process of modeling: a cognitive-theoretic view

are artifacts used to better understand our world. In the context of mining data to create knowledge, the modeler is often faced with discovering and understanding relationships in data that have no apparent analog in the laws of physical science. Much of these data are increasingly abstract; not directly related to the physical, perceivable world. The use of sketches and diagrams as aids in problem solving and as a means of communication is as old as recorded history. Can visualization help us not only to discover the patterns and relationships in these data, but also to use newly discovered knowledge to build computational models? The purpose of this paper is to provide a description of the process of modeling and, based upon theories of cognition, show how visualization can assist in developing and assessing computational models for very large, high dimensional data sets.