Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supersymmetry without supersymmetry

We investigate the possibility that supersymmetry is not a fundamental symmetry of nature, but emerges as an accidental approximate global symmetry at low energies. This can occur if the visible sector is non-supersymmetric at high scales, but flows toward a strongly-coupled superconformal fixed point at low energies; or, alternatively, if the visible sector is localized near the infrared brane of a warped higher-dimensional spacetime with supersymmetry broken only on the UV brane. These two scenarios are related by the AdS/CFT correspondence. In order for supersymmetry to solve the hierarchy problem, the conformal symmetry must be broken below 1011 GeV. Accelerated unification can naturally explain the observed gauge coupling unification by physics below the conformal breaking scale. In this framework, there is no gravitino and no reason for the existence of gravitational moduli, thus eliminating the cosmological problems associated with these particles. No special dynamics is required to break supersymmetry; rather, supersymmetry is broken at observable energies because the fixed point is never reached. In 4D language, this can be due to irrelevant supersymmetry breaking operators with approximately equal dimensions. In 5D language, the size of the extra dimension is stabilized by massive bulk fields. No small input parameters are required to generate a large hierarchy. Supersymmetry can be broken in the visible sector either through direct mediation or by the F term of the modulus associated with the breaking of conformal invariance.
Forest Values and Forest Management Attitudes among Private Forest Owners in Sweden

The present study focused on how forests will be managed in the future in light of the increased emphasis being put by the public on the ecological and recreational values of forests, the trend towards an increased share of non-resident forest owners, and the increased female forest ownership. The value and belief basis of forest management attitudes was explored using a questionnaire sent to a sample of private forest owners ‘residing on’ (n = 995, return rate = 51.3%) and ‘not residing on’ the forest property (n = 997, return rate = 50%). The results showed that a share of private forest owners strongly value both the view that the forest should predominately be used for timber production and the view that preservation is most important. The proposed hierarchical structure of influence, in which the forest management attitude was influenced by values and beliefs, was supported in the study. The ecological, recreational, and production forest values primarily influenced the most closely related forest management attitude, even if some cross-sectional effects and some effects of socio-demographics were found, showing that the view a private forest owner has on different forms of management styles is shaped by the perceived multiple values of the forest.
Mutation screening of the PTEN gene in patients with autism spectrum disorders and macrocephaly

Mutations in the PTEN gene are associated with a broad spectrum of disorders, including Cowden syndrome (CS), Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome, Proteus syndrome, and Lhermitte–Duclos disease. In addition, PTEN mutations have been described in a few patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and macrocephaly. In this study, we screened the PTEN gene for mutations and deletions in 88 patients with ASDs and macrocephaly (defined as ≥2 SD above the mean). Mutation analysis was performed by direct sequencing of all exons and flanking regions, as well as the promoter region. Dosage analysis of PTEN was carried out using multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA). No partial or whole gene deletions were observed. We identified a de novo missense mutation (D326N) in a highly conserved amino acid in a 5‐year‐old boy with autism, mental retardation, language delay, extreme macrocephaly (+9.6 SD) and polydactyly of both feet. Polydactyly has previously been described in two patients with Lhermitte–Duclos disease and CS and is thus likely to be a rare sign of PTEN mutations. Our findings suggest that PTEN mutations are a relatively infrequent cause of ASDs with macrocephaly. Screening of PTEN mutations is warranted in patients with autism and pronounced macrocephaly, even in the absence of other features of PTEN‐related tumor syndromes. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An efficient method for sorting and selecting for social behaviour

In this article we provide a systematic experimental method for sorting animals according to socially relevant traits, without assaying them or even tagging them individually. Instead, they are repeatedly subjected to behavioural assays in groups, between which the group memberships are rearranged, in order to test the effect of many different combinations of individuals on a group-level property or feature. We analyse this method using a general model for the group feature, and simulate a variety of specific cases to track how individuals are sorted in each case. We find that in the case where the members of a group contribute equally to the group feature, the sorting procedure increases the between-group behavioural variation well above what is expected for groups randomly sampled from a population. For a wide class of group feature models, the individual phenotypes are efficiently sorted across the groups and thus become available for further analysis on how individual properties affect group behaviour. We also show that the experimental data can be used to estimate the individual-level repeatability of the underlying traits.
Breaking Hitag2 with Reconfigurable Hardware

The Hitag2 stream cipher is used in many real world applications, such as car immobilizers and door opening systems, as well as for the access control of buildings. The short length of the 48-bit secret key employed makes the cipher vulnerable to a brute-force attack, i.e., exhaustive key search. In this paper we develop the first hardware architecture for the cryptanalysis of Hitag2 by means of exhaustive key search. Our implementation on the Cost-Optimized Parallel Code-Breaker COPACOBANA is able to reveal the secret key of a Hitag2 transponder in less than 2 hours (103.5 minutes) in the worst case. The speed of our approach outperforms all previously proposed attacks and requires only 2 sniffed communications between a car and a tag. Our findings thus define a new lower limit for the cloning of car keys in practice. Moreover, the attack is arbitrarily parallelizable and could thus be run on multiple COPACOBANAs to decrease the time to find the secret key.
Wireless World Research Forum (wwrf)

— Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks and their applications gain increasing importance in today's Internet, as already today the majority of IP traffic is caused by P2P applications. Since the upcoming of Napster a lot of research has been done in this area producing interesting and promising results. Still, growing demands like less data rate consumption, faster and more reliable search responses and the development of new applications engage many researchers worldwide. In this contribution we therefore provide an overview about the area of P2P networking, its basic methods and a classification into unstruc-tured and structured P2P networks. Based on this overview we can provide a discussion of the major advantages and disadvantages of the different P2P approaches, focusing especially on self-organization within P2P networks.
DIGITAL VIDEO STABILIZATION SYSTEM BY ADAPTIVE FUZZY KALMAN FILTERING

Digital video stabilization (DVS) allows acquiring video sequences without disturbing jerkiness, removing unwanted camera movements. A good DVS should remove the unwanted camera movements while maintains the intentional camera movements. In this article, we propose a novel DVS algorithm that compensates the camera jitters applying an adaptive fuzzy filter on the global motion of video frames. The adaptive fuzzy filter is a Kalman filter which is tuned by a fuzzy system adaptively to the camera motion characteristics. The fuzzy system is also tuned during operation according to the amount of camera jitters. The fuzzy system uses two inputs which are quantitative representations of the unwanted and the intentional camera movements. Since motion estimation is a computation intensive operation, the global motion of video frames is estimated based on the block motion vectors which resulted by video encoder during motion estimation operation. Furthermore, the proposed method also utilizes an adaptive criterion for filtering and validation of motion vectors. Experimental results indicate a good performance for the proposed algorithm.
A systematic review of web resource estimation

Background: Web development plays an important role in today's industry, so an in depth view into Web resource estimation would be valuable. However a systematic review (SR) on Web resource estimation in its entirety has not been done. Aim: The aim of this paper is to present a SR of Web resource estimation in order to define the current state of the art, and to identify any research gaps that may be present. Method: Research questions that would address the current state of the art in Web resource estimation were first identified. A comprehensive literature search was then executed resulting in the retrieval of 84 empirical studies that investigated any aspect of Web resource estimation. Data extraction and synthesis was performed on these studies with these research questions in mind. Results: We have found that there are no guidelines with regards to what resource estimation technique should be used in a particular estimation scenario, how it should be implemented, and how its effectiveness should be evaluated. Accuracy results vary widely and are dependent on numerous factors. Research has focused on development effort/cost estimation, neglecting other facets of resource estimation like quality and maintenance. Size measures have been used in all but one study as a resource predictor. Conclusions: Our results suggest that there is plenty of work to be done in the field of Web resource estimation whether it be investigating a more comprehensive approach that considers more than a single resource facet, evaluating other possible resource predictors, or trying to determine guidelines that would help simplify the process of selecting a resource estimation technique.
A Network Map of FGF-1/FGFR Signaling System

Fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) is a well characterized growth factor among the 22 members of the FGF superfamily in humans. It binds to all the four known FGF receptors and regulates a plethora of functions including cell growth, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival in different cell types. FGF-1 is involved in the regulation of diverse physiological processes such as development, angiogenesis, wound healing, adipogenesis, and neurogenesis. Deregulation of FGF-1 signaling is not only implicated in tumorigenesis but also is associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. Given the biomedical significance of FGFs and the fact that individual FGFs have different roles in diverse physiological processes, the analysis of signaling pathways induced by the binding of specific FGFs to their cognate receptors demands more focused efforts. Currently, there are no resources in the public domain that facilitate the analysis of signaling pathways induced by individual FGFs in the FGF/FGFR signaling system. Towards this, we have developed a resource of signaling reactions triggered by FGF-1/FGFR system in various cell types/tissues. The pathway data and the reaction map are made available for download in different community standard data exchange formats through NetPath and NetSlim signaling pathway resources.
Certified by 1 Synch ronizing Clocks in a Distributed System

Keeping the local times of processes in a distributed system synchronized in the presence of arbitrary faults is important in many applications and is an interesting theoretical problem in its own right. In order to be practical, any algorithm to synchronize clocks must be able to deal with process failures and repairs, clock drift, and varying message delivery times. but these conditions complicate the design and analysis of algorithms. In this thesis, a general formal model to describe a system of distributed processes, each of which has its own clock, is presented. The processes communicate by sending messages to each other. and they can set timers to cause themselves to take steps at some future times. It is proved that even if the clocks run at a perfect rate and there are no failures, an uncertainty of £ in the known message delivery time makes it impossible to synchronize the clocks of n processes any more closely than 2£(11In). A simple algorithm that achieves this bound is given to show that the lower bound is tight. Two fault-tolerant algorithms are presented and analyzed, one to maintain synchronization among processes whose clocks initially are close together, and another to establish synchronization in the first place. Both handle drift in the clock rates. uncertainty in the message delivery time. and arbitrary failure of just under one third of the processes. The maintenance algorithm can be modified to allow a failed process that has been repaired to be reintegrated into the system. A variant of the maintenance algorithm is used to establish the initial synchronization. It was also necessary to design an interface between the two algorithms since we envision the processes running the start-up algorithm until the desired degree of synchronization is obtained. and then switching to the maintenance algorithm.
Differential expression of miRNAs in esophageal cancer tissue

The aim of this study was to explore the association of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) with the development of esophageal cancer (EC) and to identify new molecular markers for EC by analyzing the expression profiles of miRNAs in EC tissues. The expression profiles of miRNAs in paired EC and paracancerous normal tissues were detected and bioinformatically analyzed using miRNA assays. The outcomes were validated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The miRNA assays revealed a total of 60 differentially expressed miRNAs in the EC tissues compared with those in the paracancerous normal tissues. Among them, 51 had doubled or more than doubled their expression levels and 9 had halved their expression levels. The most markedly upregulated miRNAs were hsa-miR-15a, hsa-miR-28-3p, hsa-miR-31, hsa-miR-99b, hsa-miR-101, hsa-miR-130a, hsa-miR-143, hsa-miR-196b, hsa-miR-200a, hsa-miR-210, hsa-miR-452 and hsa-miR-27a, whereas the most markedly downregulated miRNAs included hsa-miR-30b, hsa-miR-223, hsa-miR-454, hsa-miR-486, hsa-miR-574-3p and hsa-miR-126. Specific miRNA expression profiles exist in EC tissues and may serve as novel EC molecular markers.
Learning from data by neural networks with a limited complexity �

Learning from data formalized as a minimization of a regularized empirical error is studied in terms of approximate minimization over sets of functions computable by networks with increasing number of hidden units. There are derived upper bounds on speed of convergence of infima achievable over networks with hidden units to the global infimum. The bounds are expressed in terms of norms tailored to the type of network units and moduli of continuity of regularized empirical error functionals.
LIMSI’s Contribution to the WMT’16 Biomedical Translation Task

The article describes LIMSI’s submission to the first WMT’16 shared biomedical translation task, focusing on the sole English-French translation direction. Our main submission is the output of a MOSES-based statistical machine translation (SMT) system, rescored with Structured OUtput Layer (SOUL) neural network models. We also present an attempt to circumvent syntactic complexity: our proposal combines the outputs of PBSMT systems trained either to translate entire source sentences or specific syntactic constructs extracted from those sentences. The approach is implemented using Confusion Network (CN) decoding. The quality of the combined output is comparable to the quality of our main system.
Native and HCV IRES-bound complexes Mass spectrometric analysis of the human 40 S ribosomal subunit :

Hepatitis C virus uses an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in the viral RNA to directly recruit human 40S ribosome subunits during cap-independent translation initiation. Although IRES-mediated translation initiation is not subject to many of the regulatory mechanisms that control cap-dependent translation initiation, it is unknown whether other noncanonical protein factors are involved in this process. Thus, a global protein composition analysis of native and IRES-bound 40S ribosomal complexes has been conducted to facilitate an understanding of the IRES ribosome recruitment mechanism. A combined top-down and bottom-up mass spectrometry approach was used to identify both the proteins and their posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in the native 40S subunit and the IRES recruited translation initiation complex. Thirty-one out of a possible 32 ribosomal proteins were identified by combining top-down and bottom-up mass spectrometry techniques. Proteins were found to contain PTMs, including loss of methionine, acetylation, methylation, and disulfide bond formation. In addition to the 40S ribosomal proteins, RACK1 was consistently identified in the 40S fraction, indicating that this protein is associated with the 40S subunit. Similar methodology was then applied to the hepatitis C virus IRESbound 40S complex. Two 40S ribosomal proteins, RS25 and RS29, were found to contain different PTMs than those in the native 40S subunit. In addition, RACK1, eukaryotic initiation factor 3 proteins and nucleolin were identified in the IRES-mediated translation initiation complex.
Distributed run-time WCET controller for concurrent critical tasks in mixed-critical systems

When integrating mixed critical systems on a multi/many-core, one challenge is to ensure predictability for high criticality tasks and an increased utilization for low criticality tasks. In this paper, we address this problem when several high criticality tasks with different deadlines, periods and offsets are concurrently executed on the system. We propose a distributed run-time WCET controller that works as follows: (1) locally, each critical task regularly checks if the interferences due to the low criticality tasks can be tolerated, otherwise it decides their suspension; (2) globally, a master suspends and restarts the low criticality tasks based on the received requests from the critical tasks. Our approach has been implemented as a software controller on a real multi-core COTS system with significant gains.
The Electromotive Force of the Ventricular Free Wall and Papillary Muscle Preparations

The electromotive force of the ventricular tissues with different anatomy and activation patterns was studied. The left ventricular wall was perfused with Tyrode's solution from the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery and was stimulated first at an epicardial and then endocardial site to induce ectopic beats. The early QRS voltage was compared with the activated area at the same instant. In other experiments, the whole heart was perfused from the aorta, and the anterior papillary muscle of the right ventricle was introduced into a small separate chamber. Different locations were stimulated to induce longitudinal and transverse activation, and the remote potential was measured with leads in both directions. By means of a calibration system with artificial dipoles, the strength of the double layer was expressed in terms of mA cm per unit area of the activation wave front. The results indicated that epicardial stimulation of the left ventricular wall produced voltage proportional to the activated area; the average moment was found to be 0.11 mA-cm per unit area. The potential curve produced by endocardial stimulation of the same preparation was characterized by an initial low-voltage phase, followed by a sharp upstroke. The right ventricular papillary muscle produced a larger double layer moment during activation in the longitudinal direction, but voltage due to transverse activation was several times smaller.
Indigenous environmental knowledges and sustainable development in semi-arid Africa. Research methodology and methods.

1 Methodological considerations A trusted and well-used method of collecting data and information has been that of formal questionnaire surveys based on carefully, and sometimes not so carefully, constructed random sampling frameworks. This provides a degree of control over the validity and representative nature of statements which can be made about particular populations. Although an efficient and frequently effective way of collecting large amounts of data, there can also be difficulties with this approach. Questionnaires can impose their own logic on the respondent, and therefore the results may be less representative than claimed, as less of the voice of the respondent is heard, drowned out by the structured approach of the questionnaire. In any case, questionnaire surveys, because of their imposed structures, are notoriously inefficient at teasing out deeper meanings held by members of communities, and at identifying the multiplicity of concerns within those communities (Frankfort-Nachmias and Nachmias 1996).
Level dependencies of individual entities in random unit testing of structured code

Unit testing is the core fundamental to ensure code is in accordance with the design specifications. The coding and unit testing standard reflects the stability of project (not to mention the testing effort). Code stability is greatly influenced by the efforts of unit testing, which can be automated to reduce the human efforts. Inspite of several tools identified for unit testing, tools need to be able to identify the level dependencies or depth of program entity usage in software fragments. This factor greatly influences unit testing complexity. Higher the level of dependency, the greater the complexity of unit testing the code. This paper focuses on this factor which has been a trivial concern for developer over the years. This problem is neither limited nor restricted to a particular paradigm of programming language. Unit Testing becomes more effective when construct becomes more specific to be tested instead of checking the entire code being developed.
Optimal Progressive Labor Income Taxation and Education Subsidies When Education Decisions and Intergenerational Transfers Are Endogenous

We quantitatively characterize the optimal mix of progressive income taxes and education subsidies in a model with endogenous human capital formation, borrowing constraints, income risk and incomplete financial markets. In addition to the distortions of labor supply, progressive taxes weaken the incentives to acquire education. The latter distortion can potentially be mitigated by an education subsidy. We find that the welfare-maximizing fiscal policy is indeed characterized by a substantially progressive labor income tax code and a positive subsidy for college education. Both the degree of tax progressivity and the education subsidy are larger than in the current US status quo.