Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stratigraphy of hydrated sulfates in the sedimentary deposits of Aram Chaos, Mars

[1] Sedimentary deposits within the 280 km wide crater containing Aram Chaos (∼3°N, 339°E) have been differentially eroded by wind to expose a stratigraphic column 900–1000 m thick that unconformably overlies the chaos bedrock. A detailed stratigraphic and mineralogical description of the deposits is presented based on data from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars, Context Imager, and High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment. Two sedimentary units overlie the basement chaos material representing the original plains fill in Aram Crater: the first and oldest is composed of (1) a 50–75 m thick dark-toned basal unit containing ferric hydroxysulfate intercalated with monohydrated-sulfate-bearing materials, (2) a 75–100 m thick light-toned unit with monohydrated sulfates, and (3) a 175–350 m thick light-toned resistant capping unit with nanophase ferric oxides and monohydrated sulfates. After a period of wind erosion, these deposits were partially and unconformably covered by the second sedimentary unit, a 75–100 m thick, discontinuous dark-toned unit containing crystalline hematite and polyhydrated sulfate material. These sedimentary deposits were formed by evaporite deposition during at least two distinct rising groundwater episodes fed by regional-scale recharge. Later groundwater event(s) formed the polyhydrated materials, indicating that environmental conditions changed to a higher water-to-rock ratio. Wind has continued to shape the landscape after the last wetting event to produce the features and exposures observed.
Technical terminology: some linguistic properties and an algorithm for identification in text

Abstract This paper identifies some linguistic properties of technical terminology, and uses them to formulate an algorithm for identifying technical terms in running text. The grammatical properties discussed are preferred phrase structures: technical terms consist mostly of noun phrases containing adjectives, nouns, and occasionally prepositions; rerely do terms contain verbs, adverbs, or conjunctions. The discourse properties are patterns of repetition that distinguish noun phrases that are technical terms, especially those multi-word phrases that constitute a substantial majority of all technical vocabulary, from other types of noun phrase. The paper presents a terminology indentification algorithm that is motivated by these linguistic properties. An implementation of the algorithm is described; it recovers a high proportion of the technical terms in a text, and a high proportaion of the recovered strings are vaild technical terms. The algorithm proves to be effective regardless of the domain of the text to which it is applied.
Effective Modular Order Preserving Encryption on Cloud Using MHGD

Cloud computing strengthens its presence in the public sector, Organizations and individuals are looking for cloud services to improve productivity, security and reduce costs. Apart from communication, file storage is the main requirement for common people. Traditional data centers consist of large collections of server farms implementing perimeter-security measures. Public cloud offersa multitenant service, in which the concept of the network perimeter evaporates. For the former concern, data encryption before outsourcing is the simplest way to protect data privacy. But encryption also makes deploying traditional data utilization services — a difficult. This problem on how to search encrypted data has recently gained attention and led to the development of searchable encryption techniques. In this work we are try to implement Modular Order Preserving Encryption(MOPE), a primitive which allowing a efficient modular range queries on encrypted documents. This is a kind of Searchable Encryption Scheme. MOPE improves the security of OPE in the sense, as it does not leak any information about the location of plaintext, Boldyvera et.al. Main goal of this work is to improve the security provided by the existing MOPE approaches with the help of Multivariate Hypergeometric Distribution (MHGD).
Convex combination of adaptive filters based on the logarithmic cost

In this work, we propose a novel convex combination algorithm incorporating two different-step-size adaptive filters derived from the logarithmic cost function. Recently, to incorporate the advantages of the different-order-norm-based cost functions without the need of a priori knowledge on signal statistics, the cost function using a logarithmic penalty was introduced. There are two different versions depend on the decision of the base cost function, and these algorithms possess the mixed-norm properties themselves. However, these algorithms still have the trade off related to step size. The convex combination algorithm is applied to cope with this trade off, and the suitable mixing parameter adaptation algorithm is designed based on the logarithmic cost. In the simulation on system identification scenario, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm properly combines the advantages of two different-step-size component filters.
Extraction and Transfer of Biological Analogies for Creative Concept Generation

Biomimetic design, which borrows ideas from nature to solve engineering problems, has been identified as a promising method of concept generation. However, there are still many challenges. Previous research has revealed that novice designers have difficulties in extracting the analogical strategy present in biological phenomena and mapping the strategy even if the strategy is provided. This research, therefore, attempts to develop tools that could assist novice designers to execute effective biomimetic design and ultimately generate creative concepts. In particular, we investigated the use of tools developed by the authors: 1) a causal relation template that helps retrieve relevant strategies from biological descriptions and 2) instructional mapping rules that aid structural mapping of the strategies to design concepts and abstraction of the enabling functions of the strategies. We found that the participants who used both tools generated concepts with significant correlation between the correctness of analogical transfer and creativity of the concepts. This effect was not observed for the participants who only used the first tool, mainly because of the participants’ inability to explore enabling solutions for the applied biological strategy and generate concepts that are wholly developed. To encourage generation of creative ideas in biomimetic design, the tools must be devised to facilitate abstraction of biological strategies, enable effective mapping of strategies from biology to engineering, and discourage design fixation.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
An analytical formulation with ill-conditioned numerical scheme and its remedy: Scattering by two circular impedance cylinders

The regularization of the well-known analytical formulation of the monochromatic electromagnetic wave scattering problem from two neighbor impedance circular cylinder system is presented. It is the improvement and extension of the work done for scattering from two perfectly conducting circular cylinders. Numerical results show that it is numerically much safer to solve the obtained infinite algebraic system at a lower truncation number also by ensuring the reliability of the solution.
The process of organizational communication: a model and field study

Research in computer-mediated communication has usually emphasized the cognitive over the social aspects of communication, the medium over the message, and the product of communication over the process. In contrast, this paper emphasizes three constructs of the communication process: goal-based communication strategies, message form and medium. We seek to balance cognitive and social communication strategies and to combine new and old measures of the message form (organization, formality and size). A field study in an academic institution examined the content of text-based communication delivered by letter, memo, fax and e-mail. As expected, people preferred certain message and medium attributes for certain strategies. These findings are further investigated using open-ended interviews. We conclude with examples of practical implications on designing and implementing computer-mediated communication.
A Survey of Human Action Analysis in HRI Applications

The human action is an important information source for human social interaction, and it simultaneously plays a crucial role in human–robot interaction (HRI). For a natural and fluent interaction, robots are required to understand human actions and have the capacity to predict action intentions and to imitate human actions for an appropriate response. Currently, existing survey papers for the action recognition mainly summarize algorithms that perform action recognition in experimental scenarios, and survey papers of the HRI mainly introduced various interaction interfaces in the HRI. Different from these surveys, we focus on the human action analysis on robot platforms for the HRI application, including the body motion and gestures. We review the existing HRI related references involving the action recognition, prediction, and the robot imitation of the human action. Moreover, we give a summary of robot platforms and action datasets that are frequently used in the study of HRI. Finally, we give an analysis on the development trend and future research directions of action analysis for the HRI applications.
An Algorithm That Predicts CSI to Allocate Bandwidth for Healthcare Monitoring in Hospital's Waiting Rooms

In wireless healthcare monitoring systems, bandwidth allocation is an efficient solution to the problem of scarce wireless bandwidth for the monitoring of patients. However, when the central unit cannot access the exact channel state information (CSI), the efficiency of bandwidth allocation decreases, and the system performance also decreases. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to reduce the negative effects of imperfect CSI on system performance. In this algorithm, the central unit can predict the current CSI by previous CSI when the current CSI is not available. We analyze the reliability of the proposed algorithm by deducing the standard error of estimated CSI with this algorithm. In addition, we analyze the efficiency of the proposed algorithm by discussing the system performance with this algorithm.
Dynamic Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks: a Solution based on Multiagent Systems

In modern day wireless networks, spectrum utilization and allocation are static. Generally, static spectrum allocation is not a feasible solution considering the distributed and dynamic nature of wireless devices, thus some alternatives must be ensured in order to allocate spectrum dynamically and to mitigate the current spectrum scarcity. An effective technology to ensure dynamic spectrum usage is cognitive radio, which seeks the unutilized spectrum holes opportunistically and shares them with the neighboring devices. Using cognitive radio capabilities, the nodes are not restrained to static spectrum utilization, rather they can choose it on demand. However, dynamic spectrum usage raises several challenges, which need to be addressed in detail. These challenges include efficient allocation of spectrum between licensed (or primary) and cognitive radio (or secondary) users in order to maximize spectrum utilization and to avoid device level interferences. To this extend, we develop a novel solution for spectrum allocation using multiagent system cooperation that enables secondary user devices to utilize the amount of available spectrum, dynamically and cooperatively. The key aspect of our design is the deployment of agents on each of the primary and secondary user devices that cooperate in order to have a better use of the spectrum. For cooperation, contract net protocol is used, allowing spectrum to be dynamically allocated by having a series of message exchanges amongst the devices. Simulation results show that our solution achieves up to 80% of the whole utility within the span of few messages, and provides an effective mechanism for dynamic spectrum allocation.
Vision-Based Navigation of Omnidirectional Mobile Robots

This letter considers the problem of collision-free navigation of omnidirectional mobile robots in environments with obstacles. Information from a monocular camera, encoders, and an inertial measurement unit is used to achieve the task. Three different visual servoing control schemes, compatible with the class of considered robot kinematics and sensor equipment, are analyzed and their robustness properties with respect to actuation inaccuracies discussed. Then, a controller is proposed with formal guarantee of convergence to the bisector of a corridor. The main controller components are a visual servoing control scheme and a velocity estimation algorithm integrating visual, kinematic, and inertial information. The behavior of all the considered algorithms is analyzed and illustrated through simulations both for a wheeled and a humanoid robot. The solution proposed as the most efficient and robust with respect to actuation inaccuracies is also validated experimentally on a real humanoid NAO.
Vegetation, Fire, and Feedbacks: A Disturbance‐Mediated Model of Savannas

Savanna models that are based on recurrent disturbances such as fire result in nonequilibrium savannas, but these models rarely incorporate vegetation feedbacks on fire frequency or include more than two states (grasses and trees). We develop a disturbance model that includes vegetation‐fire feedbacks, using a system of differential equations to represent three main components of savannas: grasses, fire‐tolerant savanna trees, and fire‐intolerant forest trees. We investigate the stability of savannas in the presence of positive feedbacks of fire frequency with (1) grasses, (2) savanna trees, and (3) grasses and savanna trees together while also allowing for negative feedbacks of forest trees on fire frequency. We find that positive feedbacks between fire frequency and savanna trees, alone or together with grasses, can stabilize savannas, blocking the conversion of savannas to forests. Negative feedbacks of forest trees on fire frequency shift the range of parameter space that supports savannas, but they do not generally alter our results. We propose that pyrogenic trees that modify characteristics of fire regimes are ecosystem engineers that facilitate the persistence of savannas, generating both threshold fire frequencies with rapid changes in community composition when these thresholds are crossed and hystereses with bistable community states.
Logging-related increases in stream density in a northern California watershed

Although many sediment budgets estimate the effects of logging, few have considered the potential impact of timber harvesting on stream density. Failure to consider changes in stream density could lead to large errors in the sediment budget, particularly between the allocation of natural and anthropogenic sources of sediment. This study conducted field surveys in randomly selected catchments in two managed and one old-growth watershed to determine the location of the channel's origins in the catchments. The drainage areas for identified channel heads were then delineated using a 1 m digital elevation model derived from laser altimetry. The two managed watersheds were heavily impacted by previous logging activities, particularly by tractor operations used to yard the timber out of the watersheds. The channel heads in the managed watersheds had smaller drainage areas than channels in a nearby old-growth watershed. The management activities led to a tripling of the drainage density in the managed watersheds. Timber harvesting and the construction of skid trails used to transport timber to the road system led to increases in peak flow, ground water interception, soil compaction and drainage diversion, which reduced the drainage area necessary to initiate stream channels. Furthermore, it appears that recent ground-based yarding operations have further extended stream channels upslope, potentially creating additional sources of sediment for downstream receptors. Although these results may be unique to these watersheds, the changes in drainage density due to management activities found here emphasize the need to compare managed watersheds with undisturbed watersheds before using the current drainage network as a base-line for estimating chronic sources of sediment like bank erosion.
Signal flow graph in loop gain analysis of DC-DC PWM CCM switching converters

A systematic and unified method using the signal flow graph (SFG) technique is presented in analyzing dc-dc pulsewidth modulated (PWM) switch mode power converters (SMPC's) operating in the continuous conduction mode (CCM). Loop gains for single and multiloop systems are reviewed. The SFG of the converter is then generated from the perturbed state-space averaged (SSA) equations, and the characteristic polynomial of the system is computed. By grouping terms associated with the gain of the error amplifier as the numerator, a unique definition of system loop gain is introduced, and locations for breaking the loop are discussed. System loop gains for both voltage- and current-programming converters with either trailing- or leading-edge modulation are derived. It is shown that for a SMPC, the loop gain measured by an analog injection method is the system loop gain, which determines the stability of the converter.
Intelligent Data Analysis in Medicine

Excessive amounts of knowledge and data stored in medical databases request the development of specialized tools for storing and accessing of data, data analysis, and e(cid:11)ective use of stored knowledge and data. This paper (cid:12)rst sketches the history of research that led to the development of current intelligent data analysis techniques, aimed at narrowing the increasing gap between data gathering and data comprehension. Next, we present our view on the relation of Intelligent data analysis to Knowledge discovery in databases and Data mining. Finally, we discuss the need for intelligent data analysis in medicine and present the aims of research in this area.
Variations and estimators for the selfsimilarity order through Malliavin calculus

Using multiple stochastic integrals and the Malliavin calculus, we analyze the asymptotic behavior of quadratic variations for a specific non-Gaussian self-similar process, the Rosenblatt process. We apply our results to the design of strongly consistent statistical estimators for the self-similarity parameter $H$. Although, in the case of the Rosenblatt process, our estimator has non-Gaussian asymptotics for all $H>1/2$, we show the remarkable fact that the process's data at time 1 can be used to construct a distinct, compensated estimator with Gaussian asymptotics for $H\in(1/2,2/3)$.
Wet surface and dense atmosphere on early Mars suggested by the bomb sag at Home Plate, Mars

We use the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit observation of a bomb sag produced by an explosive volcanic eruption to infer the atmospheric density at the time of eruption. We performed analogue experiments to determine the relationship between the wetness of the substrate and the velocity and density of impacting clasts and 1) the formation (or not) of bomb sags, 2) the morphology of the impact crater, and 3) the penetration depth of the clast. The downward deflection of beds seen on Mars is consistent with water‐saturated sediment in the laboratory experiments. Collision angles <20 degrees from vertical are needed to produce bomb sags. From the experiments we infer an impact velocity up to 4 × 101 m/s, lower than ejection velocities during phreatic and phreatomagmatic eruptions on Earth. If this velocity represents the terminal subaerial impact velocity, atmospheric density exceeded 0.4 kg/m3 at the time of eruption, much higher than at present.
DOASIS: a framework design for DOAS

The Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) is a simple, sensitive and robust method to measure trace gas concentrations by analyzing the spectrum of light that has passed through the atmosphere. Due to these advantages, DOAS gains more and more popularity for environmental monitoring in both cities and on a global scale. To use DOAS, an efficient software basis is necessary. The existing DOAS tools either concentrate only on a certain part of the whole DOAS analysis process or lack support of new devices or evaluation methods. This work will show a way to unify the already well known measurement and evaluation methods. The DOASIS Framework (DOAS Intelligent System) covers the whole range from hardware support, data management to the evaluation process. This framework offers an easy to extend basis to cover the DOAS evaluation process as a whole including automation support through a standardized scripting language. One of the major aspects in a DOAS analysis is the evaluation of the measured data. Especially in scientific environments it is necessary to have an easy, fast and reliable way to test and integrate new evaluation methods. A framework will be presented that supports these needs for the non-linear evaluation process of a DOAS analysis while still providing the performance and stability of already existing software tools. Besides the improvements in the evaluation process from a technical point of view, a new method for evaluating spectral data is proposed. Using the Laplace pyramid an optimal bandwidth filter is determined for NO2 evaluation. Instead of using a polynomial to remove certain broadband structures in a spectrum and preprocessing the spectra with highand lowpass filters, which both require user estimated parameters, the bandpass filter eliminates these.
Listen channel randomization for faster Wi-Fi direct device discovery

Wi-Fi Direct, now part of Android smartphones, makes it possible for Wi-Fi devices to communicate directly without passing through an access point. Before starting actual data exchange, two devices should apparently find each other through a device discovery process, called find phase. After identifying the limitation of the legacy find phase, incurring long discovery delay, we propose a simple and efficient scheme, called Listen Channel Randomization (LCR), in order to expedite device discovery. Both the legacy find phase and LCR are evaluated with our elaborate Markov model and ns-3 simulations for comprehensive comparisons. Moreover, we have implemented a prototype of LCR in Android smartphone. Our experimental results reveal that LCR can significantly reduce the device discovery delay, yielding up to 72% delay reduction compared to the legacy find phase.
Generic Control Architecture for Heterogeneous Building Automation Applications

—In home automation systems, and even more in building automation systems, the interoperability of installations from different vendors constitutes a signiﬁcant problem for planners, construction companies and users. A generic communication infrastructure on All-IP basis, which can be used by several building automation applications like lighting, heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), access control, evacuation support, etc., can help to reduce costs during the whole building lifecycle. These applications perform control tasks with distributed sensors and actuators; many of these tasks are highly safety and security relevant. During the project Robust Facility Communication (ROFCO) we explored the requirements of a generic, but robust communication infrastructure in a building automation environment, designed and implemented a prototypical solution, and conducted a validation trial at the site of our project partner Techno-Z Salzburg.