Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensory Feedback, Error Correction, and Remapping in a Multiple Oscillator Model of Place-Cell Activity

Mammals navigate by integrating self-motion signals (“path integration”) and occasionally fixing on familiar environmental landmarks. The rat hippocampus is a model system of spatial representation in which place cells are thought to integrate both sensory and spatial information from entorhinal cortex. The localized firing fields of hippocampal place cells and entorhinal grid-cells demonstrate a phase relationship with the local theta (6–10 Hz) rhythm that may be a temporal signature of path integration. However, encoding self-motion in the phase of theta oscillations requires high temporal precision and is susceptible to idiothetic noise, neuronal variability, and a changing environment. We present a model based on oscillatory interference theory, previously studied in the context of grid cells, in which transient temporal synchronization among a pool of path-integrating theta oscillators produces hippocampal-like place fields. We hypothesize that a spatiotemporally extended sensory interaction with external cues modulates feedback to the theta oscillators. We implement a form of this cue-driven feedback and show that it can retrieve fixed points in the phase code of position. A single cue can smoothly reset oscillator phases to correct for both systematic errors and continuous noise in path integration. Further, simulations in which local and global cues are rotated against each other reveal a phase-code mechanism in which conflicting cue arrangements can reproduce experimentally observed distributions of “partial remapping” responses. This abstract model demonstrates that phase-code feedback can provide stability to the temporal coding of position during navigation and may contribute to the context-dependence of hippocampal spatial representations. While the anatomical substrates of these processes have not been fully characterized, our findings suggest several signatures that can be evaluated in future experiments.
Natural Communities of Novel Archaea and Bacteria Growing in Cold Sulfurous Springs with a String-of-Pearls-Like Morphology

ABSTRACT We report the identification of novel archaea living in close association with bacteria in the cold (approximately 10°C) sulfurous marsh water of the Sippenauer Moor near Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany. These microorganisms form a characteristic, macroscopically visible structure, morphologically comparable to a string of pearls. Tiny, whitish globules (the pearls; diameter, about 0.5 to 3.0 mm) are connected to each other by thin, white-colored threads. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) studies have revealed that the outer part of the pearls is mainly composed of bacteria, with a filamentous bacterium predominating. Internally, archaeal cocci are the predominant microorganisms, with up to 107 cells estimated to be present in a single pearl. The archaea appear to be embedded in a polymer of unknown chemical composition. According to FISH and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the archaea are affiliated with the euryarchaeal kingdom. The new euryarchaeal sequence represents a deep phylogenetic branch within the 16S rRNA tree and does not show extensive similarity to any cultivated archaea or to 16S rRNA gene sequences from environmental samples.
Avitourism and Australian Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas

Formal protected areas will not provide adequate protection to conserve all biodiversity, and are not always designated using systematic or strategic criteria. Using a systematic process, the Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) network was designed to highlight areas of conservation significance for birds (i.e. IBA trigger species), and more recently general biodiversity. Land use activities that take place in IBAs are diverse, including consumptive and non-consumptive activities. Avitourism in Australia, generally a non-consumptive activity, is reliant on the IBA network and the birds IBAs aim to protect. However, companies tend not to mention IBAs in their marketing. Furthermore, avitourism, like other nature-based tourism has the potential to be both a threatening process as well as a conservation tool. We aimed to assess the current use of IBAs among Australian-based avitour companies’ marketing, giving some indication of which IBAs are visited by avitourists on organised tours. We reviewed online avitour itineraries, recorded sites featuring in descriptions of avitours and which IBA trigger species are used to sell those tours. Of the 209 avitours reviewed, Queensland is the most featured state (n = 59 tours), and 73% feature at least one IBA. Daintree (n = 22) and Bruny Island (n = 17) IBAs are the most popular, nationally. Trigger species represent 34% (n = 254 out of 747) of species used in avitour descriptions. The most popular trigger species’ are wetland species including; Brolga (n = 37), Black-necked Stork (n = 30) and Magpie Goose (n = 27). Opportunities exist to increase collaboration between avitour companies and IBA stakeholders. Our results can provide guidance for managing sustainability of the avitourism industry at sites that feature heavily in avitour descriptions and enhance potential cooperation between avitour companies, IBA stakeholders and bird conservation organisations.
Large Scale Circuit Partitioning With Loose/Stable Net Removal And Signal Flow Based Hierarchical Clustering

20 clustering algorithm using MaximumFanout Free Subgraph (MFFS) technique with LSR. In algorithm FM-LSRb, the cluster decomposition strategy was also integrated to decompose the clusters that are connected to the nets in the cutset for further cutsize reduction. Our research revealed that prior hierarchical clustering can be eeectively incorporated into partitioning algorithm to improve the solution quality, even though the cluster removal technique was embedded in the partitioning algorithm. Our FM-LSRb algorithm has achieved best minimum cutsize results among all the iterative improvement based partitioning algorithms reported in the recent literature.
Spectrum Sensing Gain Analysis in Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks

In order to quantify the impact of channel and/or diversity scheme on the probability of mission detection, a concept of sensing gain was defined recently by us, very similar to diversity gain, which determines the slope of probability of missing detection versus average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) curve. The sensing gain is an important performance target, and very useful in the performance analysis of spectrum sensing in cognitive radio (CR) networks. In this paper, we analyze spectrum sensing performance in cooperative CR networks with CR nodes and a fusion center, and focus on the problem of determining their sensing gain. It is assumed that all channel links from the primary user to the CR nodes and from the CR nodes to the fusion center are flat Rayleigh fading, and the fusion center utilizes the out of rule (such as the Majority rule) as its fusion rule. It is shown that (1) the sensing gain can be designed to be equal to N-K+1 for the out of rule; and (2) the sensing gain can become N/2 for the Majority rule by setting an appropriate SNR threshold for the fusion center.
10,000 Standard Solar Models: A Monte Carlo Simulation

We have evolved 10,000 solar models using 21 input parameters that are randomly drawn for each model from separate probability distributions for every parameter. We use the results of these models to determine the theoretical uncertainties in the predicted surface helium abundance, the profile of the sound speed versus radius, the profile of the density versus radius, the depth of the solar convective zone, the eight principal solar neutrino fluxes, and the fractions of nuclear reactions that occur in the CNO cycle or in the three branches of the p-p chains. We also determine the correlation coefficients of the neutrino fluxes for use in analysis of solar neutrino oscillations. Our calculations include the most accurate available input parameters, including radiative opacity, equation of state, and nuclear cross sections. We incorporate both the recently determined heavy element abundances recommended by Asplund et al. and the older (higher) heavy element abundances recommended by Grevesse & Sauval. We present best estimates of many characteristics of the standard solar model for both sets of recommended heavy element compositions.
Mentoring Trajectories in an Evolving Agile Workplace

Agile approaches to software development offer flexibility and autonomy to developers, while demanding discipline and attentiveness. At its best, agile constitutes an idealized vision of Wenger’s Community of Practice: one where the essence of the software practice is freely negotiated by participants following self-determined trajectories of identity within the community. While agile frameworks prescribe ways of doing, in reality these codified practices must adapt to a real workplace. Nowhere is this more plainly seen than in the onboarding stage of new employees: this is the point where newcomers establish an identity and establish means of participating within the development community.We report on the evolving nature of onboarding and mentoring at a mature software development firm that has practiced Scrum for a decade. As the firm has scaled up to an international purveyor of specialized engineering software and services, the way in which new employees are brought into the community of practice has changed profoundly. We view this history through a series of lenses: those of workplace participants entering the firm at different stages of the firm’s history. We follow the history of the onboarding process through the perspectives of several employees, and we focus on the trajectories of certain key employees as their roles change from novice to mentor.
Buck – Boost-Type Unity Power Factor Rectifier with Extended Voltage Conversion Ratio

32 Abstract—A buck–boost-type unity power factor rectifier is proposed in this paper. The main advantage of the proposed rectifier over the conventional buck–boost type is that it can perform input power factor correction (PFC) over a wider voltage conversion range. With a single switch, a fast well-regulated output voltage is achieved with a zero-current switch at turn-on. Moreover, the switch voltage stress is independent of converter load variation. The proposed converter is well suited for universal offline PFC applications for a low power range (< 150 W). The feasibility of the converter is confirmed with results obtained from a computer simulation and from an experimental prototype.
Designing with Cosmos 2. the Challenge Designing with Cosmos

This document describes the use of Cosmos tm and additional tools in the design process to further the understanding and man− ageability of concerns in software. The document starts with a short overview of what tasks design should perform. It then describes the challenge we're facing in modern commercial projects and how to that challenge is handled currently. Then, the Cosmos tm XML schema and the en− hanced design process are detailed. A conclusion follows and the last chapter de− fines some of the terms used throughout the document. 1. What tasks should the ideal analysis / design process per− form? It should capture all concerns of earlier phases of the development and their re− lationships and further refine them. Define all concerns and their relation− ships (as far as possible) as they result from the requirements or other con− straints. Establish the web of concerns. Analyse the concerns and break them down into smaller elements which then serve as a base for the development (This is often done in UML diagrams). Prepare the web of concerns for future changes. Allow multiple, simultaneous decomposi− tions. Traceability of concerns throughout the whole lifecycle, from abstract requirement down to the individual method. Qualitative analysis of the relationships of the concerns involved. Comprehensive impact of change analy− sis based on the interaction of concerns. Enhance the comprehensibility of the application by linking requirements to specific portions of the code. While most projects recognise the need to have a good and solid analysis / design process, they fail to achieve the majority of the goals described here. There are multiple reasons for that. Inadequate tools Often office applications are used to document design in addition to UML dia− grams. These applications lack almost everything required to capture the design adequately. Table 1 offers a short list of possible ap− proaches and their performance in terms of usability in design. Inadequate approach Several hundreds of pages of Word documents and dozens of UML diagrams without adequate ways to reference other parts of the documentation are not a good way to do design. but the most frequent one. Too much complexity The average commercial project quickly reaches a level of complexity similar to this: 500 classes 2500 methods 500 concerns 4500 relationships 2500 physically_implements rela− tionships between concerns and methods / classes. 2000 relationships between con− cerns. No ordinary human mind can hope to manage this …
University of Huddersfield Repository The role of philosophical context in the development of research methodology and theory

: The research strategy dictates the major direction of the research and constitutes one of the important decisions made by the researcher. However, researchers’ understanding on theory at the outset of the research guides the design of the research. The paper presents an overview of the involvement of theory within different research philosophies, approaches and methods. The relationship between data and theory is an issue that has been long debated. Moving from data to theory is commonly discussed in social constructionism with inductive approach and ideographic methods. However, within positivism philosophy with deductive approach and nomothetic methods, moving from theory to data is common. However, the growing concept of philosophical pluralism and methodological pluralism challenges the polarised views on philosophies and approaches, which suggests that methodologies are best used in complementary way.
Realization of Bidirectional A* Algorithm Based on the Hierarchical Thinking During the Process of Path Planning

Efficient shortest path algorithm in road networks plays an important role in car navigation system. This paper brings forward the bidirectional A* algorithm based on the hierarchical thinking. Simultaneously, improved the data structure of A* algorithm and the expanded mode of nodes, greatly reduced the running time and scale of algorithm search, enhanced the speed and accuracy of path planning.
Subject-specific detection of ventricular tachycardia using convolutional neural networks

Onset of ventricular tachycardia (VT) is clinically significant, including as a trigger to defibrillator implants. In this paper, we propose a reliable technique to detect such onset using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The proposed CNN adds convolution and pooling layers below the input layer and above the hidden and output layers of usual neural network (NN). Such layers would learn suitable linear features from training data, while eliminating the need to extract the traditionally used adhoc features. Employing such subject-specific features, we reported the performance of the proposed classifier using Creighton University ventricular tachyarrhythmia database (CUVT). In particular, we achieved mean (± standard deviation) performance of 95.6 (± 00.6) using subject-specific evaluation scheme over 100 random independent iterations.
Evaluation of Substance Abuse Education at Schools for Students with Disabilities: A Preventative Approach

ABSTRACT This study examined teachers' professional perceptions about substance abuse (SA) education in Jordanian schools serving students with disabilities. Thematic analysis was conducted on interviews obtained from 60 teachers. Teachers indicated that they had low levels of professional preparation for their role as addiction educators; they also considered the SA education in their schools to be inadequate and expressed a desire for more courses on SA. These results suggest that the Ministry of Education (MOE) and Ministry of Health (MOH) should emphasize the need for programs to address special education (SE) teachers' perceptions about their vital role in SA education in Jordanian schools serving students with disabilities and also to improve teachers' professional competencies
Symmetric normalisation for intuitionistic logic

We present two proof systems for implication-only intuitionistic logic in the calculus of structures. The first is a direct adaptation of the standard sequent calculus to the deep inference setting, and we describe a procedure for cut elimination, similar to the one from the sequent calculus, but using a non-local rewriting. The second system is the symmetric completion of the first, as normally given in deep inference for logics with a DeMorgan duality: all inference rules have duals, as cut is dual to the identity axiom. We prove a generalisation of cut elimination, that we call symmetric normalisation, where all rules dual to standard ones are permuted up in the derivation. The result is a decomposition theorem having cut elimination and interpolation as corollaries.
A Nonpreemptive Real-Time Scheduler with Recovery from Transient Faults and Its Implementation

Real-time systems (RTS) are those whose correctness depends on satisfying the required functional as well as the required temporal properties. Due to the criticality of such systems, recovery from faults is an essential part of a RTS. In many systems, such as those supporting space applications, single event upsets (SEUs) are the prevalent type of faults; SEUs are transient faults and affect a single task at a time. We present a scheme to guarantee that the execution of real-time tasks can tolerate SEUs and intermittent faults assuming any queue-based scheduling technique. Three algorithms are presented to solve the problem of adding fault tolerance to a queue of real-time tasks by reserving sufficient slack in a schedule so that recovery can be carried out before the task deadline without compromising guarantees given to other tasks. The first algorithm is a dynamic programming optimal solution, the second is a linear-time heuristic for scheduling dynamic tasks, and the third algorithm comprises extensions to address queues with gaps between tasks (gaps are caused by precedence, resource, or timing constraints). We show through simulations that the heuristics closely approximate the optimal algorithm. Finally, we describe the implementation of the modified admission control algorithm, non-preemptive scheduler, and recovery mechanism in the FT-RT-Mach operating system.
TRPV2 Is a Component of Osmotically Sensitive Cation Channels in Murine Aortic Myocytes

Abstract— Changes in membrane tension resulting from membrane stretch represent one of the key elements in blood flow regulation in vascular smooth muscle. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of membrane stretch remain unclear. In this study, we provide evidence that a vanilloid receptor (TRPV) homologue, TRPV2 is expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells, and demonstrate that it can be activated by membrane stretch. Cell swelling caused by hypotonic solutions activated a nonselective cation channel current (NSCC) and elevated intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in freshly isolated cells from mouse aorta. Both of these signals were blocked by ruthenium red, an effective blocker of TRPVs. The absence of external Ca2+ abolished this increase in [Ca2+]i caused by the hypotonic stimulation and reduced the activation of NSCC. Significant immunoreactivity to mouse TRPV2 protein was detected in single mouse aortic myocytes. Moreover, the expression of TRPV2 was found in mesenteric and basilar arterial myocytes. Treatment of mouse aorta with TRPV2 antisense oligonucleotides resulted in suppression of hypotonic stimulation-induced activation of NSCC and elevation of [Ca2+]i as well as marked inhibition of TRPV2 protein expression. In Chinese hamster ovary K1 (CHO) cells transfected with TRPV2 cDNA (TRPV2-CHO), application of membrane stretch through the recording pipette and hypotonic stimulation consistently activated single NSCC. Moreover, stretch of TRPV2-CHO cells cultured on an elastic silicon membrane significantly elevated [Ca2+]i. These results provide a strong basis for our purpose that endogenous TRPV2 in mouse vascular myocytes functions as a novel and important stretch sensor in vascular smooth muscles.
The Research on Routing Protocol of Sense Wireless Network Based on the Greedy Algorithm

In the application of wireless sensor networks (WSN), the balance of energy consumption plays an important role in extending the life cycle of WSN. Aim at energy consumption of Wireless sensors network, a dynamic cluster-based routing protocol based on the greedy algorithm (GDCRP). In the protocol, nodes run for the cluster head according to the energy and location. The elected cluster head has optimal value of energy and location. When the cluster is formed, the sink node initiates the request of routing establishment; the cluster heads choose the nodes that send it the packet as the upper nodes according to energy and hops count to the sink node. After a period of the network operating, then choose nodes according to the energy value and distance as the cluster head once again in order to avoid network failure because of one node failure. The protocol balances energy consumption of the network effectively, and extends the life cycle of the entire network.
Information-Greedy Global Optimization

Optimization is about inferring the location of the optimum of a function. An information-optimal optimizer should thus aim to collapse its belief about the location of the optimum towards a point-distribution, as fast as possible. But the state of the art rarely addresses this inference problem. Instead, it usually relies on some heuristic predicting function optima, then evaluates at the maximum of the heuristic. The reason there are no truly probabilistic optimizers yet is that they are intractable in several ways. In this paper, we present tractable approximations for each of these issues, and arrive at a flexible global optimizer for functions under Gaussian process priors, which performs well in comparison to a state of the art Gaussian process optimizer.
EROOS: An entity-relationship based object-oriented development method

The need for mastering the complexity of software systems and the hereby related demands for maintenance and changeability is partly fulfilled by the principles and benefits of objectorientation. The basic idea behind object-orientation is to reflect the real world into the physical software model one is trying to develop. Although these ideas were introduced a long time ago in the educational world, the industrial use has until recently been restricted to some minor research projects. The introduction of HOOD (Hie . rarchical Object-Oriented Design) however has finally lead to a considerable application of object-orientation in large industrial software projects in Europe. The benefits of such an approach will certainly be confirmed by its users.