Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-term depression–inductive stimulation causes long-term potentiation in mouse Purkinje cells with a mutant thyroid hormone receptor

Significance Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling is important for gene regulation and plays an essential role in brain development. However, it remains unknown how TH signaling affects neuronal functions in adulthood. Using a transgenic mouse (Mf-1) lacking TH signaling only in cerebellar Purkinje cells, we found motor defects and altered long-term synaptic plasticity at parallel fiber–Purkinje cell (PC) synapses in adult Mf-1 mice. Long-term depression was switched to long-term potentiation. This is caused by reduced calcium signals in adult Mf-1 PCs, because genes related to internal calcium release machinery are down-regulated. These phenotypes are not ascribed to adult-onset deficiency of TH signaling in PCs. Our results suggest that TH signaling in neurons during development has decisive effects on neuronal functions in adulthood.
Older Adults Show Intraindividual Variation in the Use of Predictive Processing

ABSTRACT Background The use of prediction can aid language comprehension through preactivation of relevant word features. However, predictions can be wrong, and it has been proposed that resolving the mismatch between the predicted and presented item requires cognitive resources. Older adults tend not to predict and instead rely more on passive comprehension. Here, we tested, using an intraindividual approach, whether older adults consistently use this less demanding processing strategy while reading or whether they attempt to predict on some trials. Methods We used a cross-task conflict paradigm. Younger and older participants self-paced to read sentences that ended with either an expected or unexpected word. Each sentence was then followed by a flanker stimulus that could be congruent or incongruent. We examined responses within and across the two tasks. Results Unexpected words were in general read as quickly as expected words, indicating that typical processing of these words was similar. However, for both younger and older adults, there was a greater proportion of very slow trials for unexpected words, revealing different processing on a subset of trials. Critically, in older adults, these slowly read unexpected words engaged control, as seen in speeded responses to incongruent flanker stimuli. Conclusion Using a cross-task conflict paradigm, we showed that older adults are able to predict and engage cognitive resources to cope with prediction violations, but do not opt to use these processes consistently.
Perceptions and experiences of psychological trauma in nursing and psychiatric nursing students: A small scale qualitative case study

Entry-level health care professionals are socialized to accept the norms and values associated with institutions in which violence and suffering is considered an anticipated and even routine and normalized part of frontline care. The objective of the study was to illuminate the subjective experience of psychological trauma in graduates from a baccalaureate nursing and psychiatric nursing program using the McGill Illness Narrative Interview, an ethnographic interview guide. Participants included graduates from each program in a western Canadian province who reflected back on their experiences of trauma as students and newly-graduated nurses within their first year of practice as a regulated health professional. Results: Six key themes were identified. Witnessing sudden change in patient or client status and unexpected death; Emotional labour; Faculty incivility; Sabotage, bullying and verbal abuse from the health care team; Exposure to physical violence and sexual inappropriateness; and Mobilizing supports. All exposures were linked to the participants’ definition of psychological trauma. Conclusions: The study findings highlight the power dynamic, abuses, and vulnerability between students, faculty, and their clinical counterparts without adequate recourse. There is a need to foster emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and resilience when potentially traumatic and stressful experiences occur with student nurse and early-career nursing populations.
The social support, psychological resilience and quality of life of nurses in infectious disease departments in China: A mediated model

Abstract Aim This paper aimed to investigate the relationship between social support and quality of life for nurses in infectious disease departments in China, as well as the function of psychological resilience in mediating this relationship. Background Nurses in infectious disease departments play a critical role in the prevention and control of infectious diseases and in public health care services in general, and their quality of life can affect the quality of clinical nursing work they do. However, there are few studies on the relationship between nurses' social support networks and their quality of life. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted using a sample of 866 clinical nurses from the infectious disease departments of 10 general hospitals in China. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey from January to May 2021. The mediating influence of psychological resilience on social support and quality of life was investigated using structural equation modelling. Results The score of quality of life was (36.36 ± 7.64). Quality of life was positively correlated with social support and psychological resilience (r 1 = 0.521, r 2 = 0.583; p < .01), and psychological resilience was positively correlated with social support (r = 0.426; p < .01) as well. The mediating effect of psychological resilience between social support and quality of life was 0.233, accounting for 37% of the total effect. Conclusion The quality of life of nurses working in infectious disease departments is in the middle level. Psychological resilience is a mediating variable between social support and quality of life. Implications for Nursing Management Managers can improve the quality of life of nurses by both increasing social support and strengthening psychological resilience. Managers should pay attention to the degree of social support provided to nurses and take proactive measures to build psychological resilience so that nurses can effectively manage stress and negative emotions from work and life in order improve their quality of life.
Coping Strategies for Exposure to Trauma Situations in First Responders: A Systematic Review

Abstract Objective: The objective of the present work was to characterize the coping strategies used by first responders to emergencies in the face of exposure to traumatic events. Methods: A systematic search was performed in the databases MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences), and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Clinical Trials (CENTRAL) from their inception through February 2022. First responders to emergencies with training in the prehospital area and who used validated measurement instruments for coping strategies were included. Results: First responders to emergencies frequently used nonadaptive coping strategies, with avoidance or disconnection being one of the main strategies, as a tool to avoid confronting difficult situations and to downplay the perceived stressful event. The nonadaptive coping strategies used by these personnel showed a strong relationship with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, burnout syndrome, psychiatric morbidity, and chronic stress. As part of the adaptive strategies, active coping was found, which includes acceptance, positive reinterpretation, focusing on the problem, self-efficacy, and emotional support, either social or instrumental, as protective strategies for these personnel. Conclusions: Developing adaptive coping strategies, whether focused on problems or seeking emotional support, can benefit emergency personnel in coping with stressful situations. These coping strategies should be strengthened to help prevent people from experiencing long-term negative effects that could arise from the traumatic events to which they are exposed. Active coping strategies instead of avoidance strategies should be promoted.
Rayleigh-Benard convection in a hard disk system

We do a generic study of the behavior of a hard disk system under the action of a thermal gradient in presence of an uniform gravity field. We observe the conduction-convection transition and measure the main system observables and fields as the thermal current, global pressure, velocity field, temperature field,. We can highlight two of the main results of this overall work: (1) for large enough thermal gradients and a given gravity, we show that the hydrodynamic fields (density, temperature and velocity) have a natural scaling form with the gradient. And (2) we show that local equilibrium holds if the mechanical pressure and the thermodynamic one are not equal, that is, the Stoke's assumption does not hold in this case. Moreover we observe that the best fit to the data is obtained when the bulk viscosity depends on the mechanical pressure.
Effects of environmental impact labels on the sustainability of food purchases: Two randomised controlled trials in an experimental online supermarket

Providing consumers with product-specific environmental impact information for food products (ecolabels) may promote more sustainable purchasing, needed to meet global environmental targets. Two UK studies investigated the effectiveness of different ecolabels using an experimental online supermarket platform. Study 1 (N = 1051 participants) compared three labels against control (no label), while Study 2 (N = 4979) tested four designs against control. Study 1 found significant reductions in the environmental impact score (EIS) for all labels compared to control (labels presented: values for four environmental indicators [-3.9 percentiles, 95%CIs: -5.2,-2.6]; a composite score [taking values from A to E; -3.9, 95%CIs: -5.2,-2.5]; or both together [-3.2, 95%CIs: -4.5,-1.9]). Study 2 showed significant reductions in EIS compared to control for A-E labels [-2.3, 95%CIs: -3.0,-1.5], coloured globes with A-E scores [-3.2, 95%CIs:-3.9,-2.4], and red globes highlighting ’worse’ products [-3.2, 95%CIs:-3.9,-2.5]. There was no evidence that green globes highlighting ’better’ products were effective [-0.5, 95%CIs:-1.3,0.2]. Providing ecolabels is a promising intervention to promote the selection of more sustainable products.
Testing the bottom-up and top-down models of self-esteem: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.

The present meta-analysis tests the bottom-up and top-down models of self-esteem, by synthesizing the available longitudinal evidence on prospective effects between global and domain-specific self-esteem. The bottom-up model assumes that people's domain-specific self-esteem influences their global self-esteem, whereas the top-down model assumes the reverse direction of effects. Eight domains of self-esteem were assessed: academic abilities, physical appearance, athletic abilities, morality, romantic relationships, social acceptance, mathematics, and verbal abilities. We conducted a comprehensive search of the literature, which led to the inclusion of data from 43 independent samples (total N = 24,668). One-stage meta-analytic structural equation modeling was used to estimate the coefficients of interest. There was no evidence of publication bias. Overall, the results indicated a pattern of reciprocal prospective effects between global and domain-specific self-esteem. Bottom-up effects were significant in all domains except verbal abilities (mean effect sizes ranged from .05 to .19). Top-down effects were significant in all domains except mathematics (mean effect sizes ranged from .05 to .12, except .01 in the mathematics domain). None of the moderators tested (i.e., age, gender, measure, time lag, and publication year) was significant in any of the domains, which strengthens the generalizability of the results. In sum, the findings provide support for both bottom-up and top-down effects, suggesting a reciprocal relation model between global and domain-specific self-esteem. The discussion addresses the implications of the findings for research in the field of self-esteem. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Development of a method for calculating effective displacement damage doses in semiconductors and applications to space field

The displacement damage dose (DDD) is a common index used to predict the life of semiconductor devices employed in space-based environments where they will be exposed to radiation. The DDD is commonly estimated from the non-ionizing energy loss based on the Norgett-Robinson-Torrens (NRT) model, although a new definition for a so-called effective DDD considers the molecular dynamic (MD) simulation with the amorphization in semiconductors. The present work developed a new model for calculating the conventional and effective DDD values for silicon carbide (SiC), indium arsenide (InAs), gallium arsenide (GaAs) and gallium nitride (GaN) semiconductors. This model was obtained by extending the displacement per atom tally implemented in the particle and heavy ion transport code system (PHITS). This new approach suggests that the effective DDD is higher than the conventional DDD for arsenic-based compounds due to the amorphization resulting from direct impacts, while this relationship is reversed for SiC because of recombination defects. In the case of SiC and GaN exposed to protons, the effective DDD/conventional DDD ratio decreases with proton energy. In contrast, for InAs and GaAs, this ratio increases to greater than 1 at proton energies up to 100 MeV and plateaus because the defect production efficiency, which is the ratio of the number of stable displacements at the end of collision cascade simulated by MD simulations to the number of defects calculated by NRT model, does not increase at damage energy values above 20 keV. The practical application of this model was demonstrated by calculating the effective DDD values for semiconductors sandwiched between a thin glass cover and an aluminum plate in a low-Earth orbit. The results indicated that the effective DDD could be dramatically reduced by increasing the glass cover thickness to 200 μm, thus confirming the importance of shielding semiconductor devices used in space. This improved PHITS technique is expected to assist in the design of semiconductors by allowing the effective DDD values for various semiconductors having complex geometries to be predicted in cosmic ray environments.
Ensemble Kalman inversion for magnetic resonance elastography

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an MRI-based diagnostic method for measuring mechanical properties of biological tissues. MRE measurements are processed by an inversion algorithm to produce a map of the biomechanical properties. In this paper a new and powerful method (ensemble Kalman inversion with level sets (EKI)) of MRE inversion is proposed and tested. The method has critical advantages: material property variation at disease boundaries can be accurately identified, and uncertainty of the reconstructed material properties can be evaluated by consequence of the probabilistic nature of the method. EKI is tested in 2D and 3D experiments with synthetic MRE data of the human kidney. It is demonstrated that the proposed inversion method is accurate and fast.
Effectiveness of nursing interventions on the sexual quality of life of patients with breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Although many studies have reported the effectiveness of nursing interventions on the sexual quality of life of patients with breast cancer, the results have not been synthesized. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of nursing interventions on the sexual quality of life of patients with breast cancer. Review methods A comprehensive search was conducted in 11 databases from inception to October 7, 2021. Studies evaluating the effects of nursing interventions on sexual quality of life were included. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. Results This review pooled 38 studies with 3,664 participants. Meta-analysis results showed that nursing interventions significantly improved sexual quality of life, including sexual function (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.60–1.37], P < 0.001) and sexual satisfaction (SMD = 0.99, 95% CI = [0.41–1.57], P < 0.001). In addition, depression (SMD = −1.16, 95% CI = [−2.08–−0.24], P = 0.01) and general quality of life (SMD = 0.20, 95% CI = [0.08–0.33], P = 0.002) were significantly improved, but body image (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI = [−0.08–0.41], P = 0.19) and anxiety (SMD = −0.45, 95% CI = [-0.93–0.02], P = 0.06) did not significantly improve. Subgroup analysis showed that nursing interventions had a stronger long-term effect on sexual function (SMD = 1.15, 95% CI = [0.51–1.80], P = P < 0.001) and was more effective in younger patients (SMD = 1.43, 95% CI = [0.63–2.23], P = P < 0.001). Nursing interventions showed a statistically significant short-term effect on sexual satisfaction (SMD = 1.32, 95% CI = [0.44–2.20], P = 0.003) and a significant effect in older patients (SMD = 1.27, 95% CI = [0.46–2.08], P = 0.002). Conclusions Nursing intervention may be an effective way to improve the sexual quality of life of patients with breast cancer. Nursing interventions had a stronger long-term effect on sexual function, and the group with the strongest effect is the younger patients. Nursing interventions showed a significant short-term effect on sexual satisfaction, and older patients had significant improvement in sexual satisfaction.
First principle studies of TiO2-ZnO alloys under high pressure

The ZnO-TiO2 composite system has been applied as a photocatalyst in the treatment of organic waste and domestic wastewater due to its high separation rate of photogenerated carriers and wide light response range. Using the first-principles approach based on density functional theory, we investigated the crystal structures and the electronic properties of ZnO-TiO2 alloys under high pressure and predicted three stable high-pressure phases (Cmcm ZnTiO3, Imma Zn2TiO4 and Cm ZnTi3O7). Calculations of the phonon spectra and elastic constants showed that the predicted structures are dynamically and mechanically stable. In terms of electronic properties, it was found that the three crystal structures were all semiconductors. With the increase of pressure, the band gap of Cm ZnTi3O7 showed an increasing trend, while the band gap of Cmcm ZnTiO3 and Imma Zn2TiO4 gradually decreased. The calculated band structures showed that the band gap first increases nonlinearly and then decreases as the Zn concentration increases. Pressure can regulate the band gap of the above crystals, making them promising for applications in photocatalysis and microwave devices.
Placing the Spotted T Tauri Star LkCa 4 on an HR Diagram

Ages and masses of young stars are often estimated by comparing their luminosities and effective temperatures to pre-main-sequence stellar evolution tracks, but magnetic fields and starspots complicate both the observations and evolution. To understand their influence, we study the heavily spotted weak-lined T-Tauri star LkCa 4 by searching for spectral signatures of radiation originating from the starspot or starspot groups. We introduce a new methodology for constraining both the starspot filling factor and the spot temperature by fitting two-temperature stellar atmosphere models constructed from Phoenix synthetic spectra to a high-resolution near-IR IGRINS spectrum. Clearly discernable spectral features arise from both a hot photospheric component ∼ 4100 K and a cool component ∼ 2700–3000 K, which covers ∼80% of the visible surface. This mix of hot and cool emission is supported by analyses of the spectral energy distribution, rotational modulation of colors and of TiO band strengths, and features in low-resolution optical/near-IR spectroscopy. Although the revised effective temperature and luminosity make LkCa 4 appear to be much younger and of much lower mass than previous estimates from unspotted stellar evolution models, appropriate estimates will require the production and adoption of spotted evolutionary models. Biases from starspots likely afflict most fully convective young stars and contribute to uncertainties in ages and age spreads of open clusters. In some spectral regions, starspots act as a featureless “veiling” continuum owing to high rotational broadening and heavy line blanketing in cool star spectra. Some evidence is also found for an anticorrelation between the velocities of the warm and cool components.
Nonperturbative factorization breaking and color entanglement effects in dihadron and direct photon-hadron angular correlations in $p$$+$$p$ and $p$$+$A collisions

New predictions regarding the role of color flow in high energy Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) processes have emerged in the last decade. In particular, the role of color flow is now being explored through many different observables; one such observable is nearly back-to-back hadron correlations in proton-proton collisions which are predicted to be sensitive to states that are entangled via their QCD color charge. The PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider is well suited to study potential effects from color flow. Angular correlations between nearly back-to-back hadrons or a direct photon-hadron are measured to study the prediction of color entanglement or factorization breaking. The correlations can be treated in a transverse-momentum-dependent framework where sensitivity to non-Abelian effects from color are predicted. These measurements are the first ever to search for experimental evidence of these entangled states and will help establish color flow in hadronic interactions as a new area of focus within QCD research. Results are presented for proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 200 and 510 GeV and proton-nucleus collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of 200 GeV. World measurements of processes where factorization is predicted to hold are also compiled and analyzed to compare to the new experimental results presented here. The measured results do not indicate any obvious qualitative differences from observables where factorization is predicted to hold. This indicates that quantitative comparisons with phenomenological calculations will be necessary to identify the magnitude of effects from color entanglement. As QCD is the only non-Abelian quantum field theory known to exist in nature that admits bound states, it will be essential to continue exploring unique QCD phenomena due to color interactions in controlled ways in the coming years.
Cognitive Assessment in Culturally, Linguistically, and Educationally Diverse Older Populations in Europe

Due to increasing cultural, linguistic, and educational diversity in older populations across Europe, accurate assessment of cognitive functioning in people from diverse backgrounds becomes increasingly important. This paper aims to provide a state-of-the-art review of cognitive assessment in culturally, linguistically, and educationally diverse older populations in Europe, focusing on challenges and recent advances in cross-cultural assessment. Significant work has been carried out on the identification of challenges in cognitive assessment in culturally, linguistically, and educationally diverse older populations and on development and validation of cross-cultural cognitive tests. Most research has addressed the influences of language barriers, education and literacy, and culture and acculturation and in particular, the European Cross-Cultural Neuropsychological Test Battery (CNTB) and the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) are well-validated across European countries. However, cross-cultural cognitive assessment is largely still a developing field in Europe, and there is a continuing need for developments within the field.