Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Q series coupled microstrip split-ring resonator device

A quarter wavelength high-Q resonator based on the well-known split-ring resonator (SRR) element in series configuration on a microstrip line is proposed in this letter. The small size is achieved by working at the quasi-static resonant frequency of the SRR. A relatively high value of unloaded-Q of 137 is achieved, which is considerably higher than other microstrip resonators like closed-loop resonators. An equivalent lumped-element circuit model for this new resonator and the ground plane influence in the unloaded-Q particle are studied. A good agreement between simulation, equivalent circuit, and experimental results is shown and discussed, leading to a simple and effective design.
Effects of Gamification on Active and Reflective Learners' Engagement and Cognitive Load

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of gamification on active and reflective learners' engagement and cognitive load. It was also presented both of groups’ experiences in 10-week gamification process in comparison. Participants consisted of 70 undergraduate students (45 active, 25 reflective learners). According to results, both active and reflective learners were high rate behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagements in gamification, and had low cognitive load. There was no any significant difference between groups' engagement and cognitive load. It was determined that the Challenge and Competition, Engagement in Group Tasks and In-Class Activities, Leaderboard, and Reward System were common themes regarding the pros and cons of gamification process. “Challenge and Competition” theme had the highest frequency totally in terms of pros of gamification process whereas “Engagement in Group Tasks and In-Class Activities” theme had the highest ones in terms of cons. Although it was available common themes related to pros and cons of gamification, it was determined similarities and differences in active and reflective learners' opinions on various codes in themes. Consequently, characteristic features affected reaction toward gamification elements and process.
Reducing Mobile Web Latency Through Adaptively Selecting Transport Protocol

To improve the performance of mobile web services, a new transport protocol, QUIC, has been recently proposed as a substitute for TCP. However, with pros and cons of QUIC, it is challenging to decide whether and when to use QUIC in large-scale real-world mobile web services. Complex temporal correlation of network conditions, high user heterogeneity in a nationwide deployment, implementation diversity of QUIC variants limited, and resources on mobile devices all affect the selection of transport protocols. In this paper, we present WiseTrans, an adaptive transport protocol selection mechanism, to switch transport protocols for mobile web services online and improve the completion time of web requests. WiseTrans introduces machine learning techniques to deal with temporal heterogeneity, makes decisions with historical information to handle spatial heterogeneity, adopts an online learning method to keep pace with implementation variation, and switches transport protocols at the request level to reach high performance with acceptable overhead. We implement WiseTrans on two platforms (Android and iOS) in a popular mobile web service application of Baidu. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that WiseTrans can reduce request completion time by up to 25.8% on average compared to the usage of a single protocol.
On the Formation of Extreme-Ultraviolet Helium Lines in the Sun: Analysis of SOHO Data

The resonance lines of helium in the Sun are several times stronger than expected, relative to lines of other ions. To explore the origins of this "helium enhancement," we have studied data from the SUMER, CDS, MDI, and EIT instruments on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). Time series data obtained in a quiet region and a coronal hole indicate that the spatio-temporal properties of the He I 584 Å, and He II 304 and 1084 Å lines are qualitatively unlike other chromospheric and transition region lines. Helium line intensities vary slowly compared to chromospheric oscillations and to transient transition region brightenings seen in other lines, yet they vary rapidly (both spatially and temporally) compared to the coronal radiation. This suggests that photoionization/recombination plays a minor excitation role in these lines. The Doppler shift of the 584 Å line shows a remarkably clear 4-8 mHz oscillation, with no accompanying line intensity oscillation. Transient brightenings are used to show that nonradial photon scattering might explain the previously found diffuse appearance of the network but cannot account for the reduced network/internetwork intensity contrast in the 584 Å line. We propose a new enhancement mechanism, based on arguments in a companion paper, in which predominantly neutral species such as helium diffuse across magnetic field lines into regions of hot coronal plasma, but charged ions do not. The enhanced internetwork helium emission may arise from the diffusion of helium atoms across the chromospheric canopy; the enhanced network emission may have contributions from diffusion from spicules. This mechanism may naturally explain why the 584 Å line shows Doppler shift, but not intensity, oscillations. Finally, if a mechanism such as "velocity redistribution" dominates helium emission, spectroheliograms of helium lines will be bright in regions of large temperature gradients parallel to the magnetic field. Differences between helium and other spectroheliograms may then reveal the relative contributions of "classical" and "cool loop" models to the observed emission.
Analytical Double-2D Frequency-Dependent Leakage Inductance Model for Litz-Wired High-Frequency Transformer

Accurate and fast calculation of frequency-dependent leakage inductance is critical for the optimization of the high-frequency transformer with Litz wire winding. The analytical method is widely used due to its high computation speed. However, its computation accuracy is limited due to the following factors. First, one-dimensional (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) magnetic field model has unsatisfying accuracy for the transformer with a rotationally asymmetric structure. Second, the skin and proximity effect factors based on the multilayer foil winding are inaccurate for the Litz wire winding in the calculation of frequency-dependent magnetic energy. This article proposes a double-2D frequency-dependent leakage inductance model for the transformer with Litz wire winding. It uses the image method to calculate the 2D leakage magnetic field inside and outside the core window, respectively, which considers the rotationally asymmetric structure in leakage inductance calculation. The round conductor model is proposed for the frequency-dependent magnetic energy calculation. The single strand in a Litz wire is taken as the basic modeling object of the round conductor model, which is more detailed than the multilayer foil winding model for the Litz wire winding. The comparison between the experiment, FEM, state-of-the-art models, and the proposed model is conducted for eight transformers with E-core, U-core, round, or rectangular Litz wire winding. The proposed model shows satisfying computation accuracy in the whole frequency band. And the computational speed of the proposed model is 100 times that of the FEM.
Modeling multi-style portrait relief from a single photograph

This paper aims at extending the method of Zhang et al.[35] to produce not only portrait bas-reliefs from single photographs, but also multi-style reliefs with adjustable depth range and reasonable depth ordering. We cast this task as a problem of style-aware photo-to-depth translation, where the input is a photograph conditioned by a style vector and the output is a portrait relief with desired depth style. To construct ground-truth data for network training, we ﬁrst propose an optimization-based method to synthesize high-depth reliefs from 3D portraits. Then, we train a normal-to-depth network to learn the mapping from normal maps to relief depths. After that, we use the trained network to construct high-depth relief samples from the given normal maps of [35]. As each normal map has pixel-wise photograph, we are able to make correspondences between photographs and high-depth reliefs. Taking the bas-reliefs of [35], the new high-depth reliefs and their mixtures as target ground-truths, we ﬁnally train a encoder-to-decoder network to achieve style-aware relief modeling. Specially, the network is based on a U-shaped architecture, consisting of Swin Transformer blocks to process hierarchical deep features. Extensive experiments have proven the effectiveness of the proposed method. Comparisons with previous works have conﬁrmed its ﬂexibility and state-of-the-art performance.
Optimization of CNOT circuits on limited-connectivity architecture

A CNOT circuit is the key gadget for entangling qubits in quantum computing systems. However, the qubit connectivity of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices is constrained by their limited connectivity architecture. To improve the performance of CNOT circuits on NISQ devices, we investigate the optimization of the size/depth of CNOT circuits under the limited connectivity architecture. We present a method that can optimize the size of any n -qubit CNOT circuit O (cid:16) n 2 log δ (cid:17) on any connected graph with minimum degree δ , and prove this bound is optimal for the regular graph. For the near-term sparsely connected structure, we additionally present a method that can optimize the size of any n -qubit CNOT circuit to below 2 n 2 . The numerical experiment shows that our method performs better than state-of-the-art results. Speciﬁcally, we present an example to illustrate the applicability of our algorithm. For the grid structure, which is commonly used in current quantum devices, we demonstrate that the depth of any n -qubit CNOT circuit can be optimized to be linear in n with certain ancillary qubits (ancillas). Experimental results indicate that this method has signiﬁcant improvements compared with all of the existing methods. We additionally test our algorithms on the ﬁve-qubit IBMQ devices, and the experiments show that the measurement results of the optimized circuit with our algorithm are more robust to noise compared with the IBM mapping method.
Laboratory modeling in laser-induced plasma to estimate the pressure in bolide wake

Aims. We study Fe and FeO emission in laser-induced plasma under reduced pressure to develop an approach for ﬁnding the conditions under which the laboratory plasma state matches the state of bolide wake plasma. Methods. To acquire spectra of laser-induced plasma, we ablated a target of Fe 3 O 4 in a vacuum chamber using a Q -switched laser. The Boltzmann plot method and Stark broadening of the emission lines were used to estimate the plasma temperature and electron number density. The intensity ratios of two Fe I lines (544.61nm and 558.69nm) to the intensity of FeO orange band at 587.1nm were calculated to compare the conditions in laser-induced plasma and bolide wake plasma. Results. Several combinations of pressure (75–150 Torr) and delay (12–15 µ s) lead to the highest degree of similarity between laser-induced plasma and the Bene˘sov bolide spectra at an altitude of 39km. Importantly, the plasma parameters and pressure are consistent at these points. A detailed comparison of the spectra shows that the best-match conditions are 100 Torr and 15 µ s. This pressure is ≈ 25 times higher than the ambient pressure at this altitude. Conclusions. We assume that the pressure in the bolide wake is higher than the ambient pressure by a factor of 20–30. This can be considered to be the upper bound estimate of the pressure in the bolide wake, and the developed approach would be beneﬁcial to support the modeling of a meteoroid
ON THE INTERRELATION BETWEEN RADICAL THEORIES FOR SEMIRINGS AND RINGS

Similar as for rings, an abstract concept of radical classes for semirings (both always with associative multiplication) has been introduced and investigated in (1) by Olson and Jenkins [cf. also (2–4)]. In a recent paper (5), Morak brought these considerations in a closer correspondence to the Kurosh–Amitsur radical theory for rings, where in particular also radical operators and semisimple classes have been investigated extensively. This radical theory for semirings and the corresponding one for rings are the subject of the following investigations, and we always have to refer to items of the former theory. So, for convenience, we sketch the basic concepts and some results of the radical theory for semirings in Section 2, together with some preliminaries about the semirings considered in this context. All general concepts and statements of a Kurosh–Amitsur radical theory for rings are defined and formulated by the aid of homomorphisms and ideals. Moreover, in this context, one always deals with rings contained in a fixed
GENERATIVE PRE-TRAINED TRANSFORMER 3

GPT (Generative Pre-training Transformer) — це тип штучного інтелекту (AI), який використовує алгоритми машинного навчання для створення тексту природною мовою. Перша версія GPT, випущена в 2018 році, стала революційним досягненням у сфері ШІ та обробки природної мови (NLP). Однак він також мав деякі обмеження та проблеми, які були розглянуті в наступних версіях моделі. Однією з головних проблем першої версії GPT була відсутність контролю над контентом, який вона генерувала. Модель було навчено на великому наборі даних тексту, створеного людиною, і вона змогла створити зв’язний і, здавалося б, людиноподібний текст на широкий спектр тем. Однак він часто створював текст, який був упередженим, образливим або іншим чином недоречним, оскільки він не міг повністю зрозуміти контекст або значення використаних слів. Іншою проблемою першої версії GPT була її нездатність виконувати складніші завдання NLP, такі як переклад або конспектування. Хоча він міг створити зв’язний текст, він не міг зрозуміти значення чи структуру тексту так, як це може зробити людина. Подальші версії GPT, такі як GPT-2 і GPT-3, вирішували ці проблеми та додавали нові можливості, такі як здатність виконувати складніші завдання NLP і генерувати більш зв’язний і відповідний контексту текст. Однак вони все ще мають обмеження і можуть давати необ’єктивні або невідповідні результати, якщо не використовувати їх відповідально.
Theoretical analysis of external optical feedback on DFB semiconductor lasers

The effect of external optical feedback on resonant frequency, threshold gain, and spectral linewidth of distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor lasers is theoretically analyzed. The analysis applies to any type of laser cavity formed by a corrugated waveguide limited by partially reflecting facets. It is shown that the sensitivity to optical feedback on a facet is closely related to the power emitted through this facet. Numerical results on wavelength selectivity and on sensitivity to optical feedback are given for conventional DFB lasers having an AR-coated facet and for quarter-wave-shifted (QWS) DFB lasers with AR-coatings on both facets. Both laser types are found to be more sensitive to optical feedback on their AR-coated facet than Fabry-Perot lasers for low kL . On the other hand, QWS-DFB lasers are found to be relatively insensitive to optical feedback for large kL .
Semi-Direct Multimap SLAM System for Real-Time Sparse 3-D Map Reconstruction

The lack of a sufficient number of reliable corners in low-textured environments is a big challenge for classical visual Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM), especially for point feature-based methods. Many other features (i.e., line and plane segments) are often combined with points to restore an environmental structure. However, using such features requires much computational time. This work focuses on the reliable and high-performance real-time operation of an SLAM system in low-textured scenarios. It proposes a semidirect multimap monocular SLAM system (SM-SLAM) that combines direct tracking and feature-based map maintenance with point features and line segments. The proposed system tracks nonkeyframes based on a sparse image alignment method for fast tracking, extracts and matches point features and line segments in keyframes for high-quality environment structure and motion optimization. We present an extensive evaluation on two widely-used datasets and some challenging real-world scenarios. Experimental results show that SM-SLAM can well reconstruct a sparse 3-D map with geometrical structure information in 30–40 Hz. It shows an accuracy improvement of more than 20% than the Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF feature-based SLAM on some low-speed, small-range camera motion datasets and performs well in low-texture scenarios.
Biodiversity in the occurrence of different species of phytoplankton along the Chennai coast

Phytoplankton is the major food of zooplankton and small pelagic occurring along the Chennai coast. The distribution of phytoplankton vary from place to place and the occurrence of different species decides the biodiversity of the ecosystem. This paper describes the occurrence and the characteristics of most common phyto organisms along the Chennai coast using primer 6.0 software. The phytoplankton distribution consists of dissolved volume, Ceratium species, Navicula, Bidulphia, Nitzschia, Gyrosigma and Chlorella during the year’2011. The occurrence of the phytoplankton, Chaetoceros, 38.01%, followed by Thalasirrothrix is 11.95%, Nitzschia is 8.94%, Navicula, 8.19%, Gyrosigma is 7.22%, Bidulphia is 6.57%, Coscinodiscus, 5.85%, Pleurosigma, 5.81%, Ceratium species, 4.58%, Chlorella is 2.74% and dissolved volume is 0.03% of the total phytoplankton distribution. The primer graphs for eclidean distance of different months for different species of phytoplankton were drawn. From the bray Curtis similarity graph it is evidenced that the distribution of phytoplankton component. Chaetocerus is far from the other species since its occurrence is more during the month of Jan’11. From the similarity graph, it is found that Chaetoceros and Coscinodiscus are closely related, Ceratium species and Pleurosigma are closely related, Navicula and Bidulphia are closely related. The occurrence of Chlorella is not closely related to any species. Bubble plots displays the individuals species abundances in relation to the overall community pattern. Funnel graphs are drawn for the number of phytoplankton. As the temperature increases during the summer month the phytoplankton decreases. The environmental variables, temperature, pH, salinity, TSS, TDS, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, b and c, primary productivity, gross and net, nutrients, phosphate and ammonia vary significantly with the phytoplankton occurrence. The correlation coefficient of occurrence of Ceratium-Nitzschia (0.78), Ceratium- Thalassirothrix-(0.98), Ceratium- Pleurosigma (0.90), Navicula-Bidulphia (0.57), Navi cula-Nitzscia (0.10), Navicula -Gyrosigma (0.95), Navicula- Chaetoceros (0.93), Navicula- Coscinodiscus (0.57), Navicula-Pleurosigma (0.19), Bidulphia-Nitzschia (0.50), Bidulphia - Gyrosigma (0.31), Bidulphia- Chaetoceros (0.25), Bidulphia- Coscinodiscus (0.94), Nitzschia-Thalassirothrix (0.82), Nitzschia-Coscinodiscus (0.34), Nitzschia-Pleuro -sigma (0.64), Gyrosigma-Chaetoceros (0.99), Gyrosigma- Coscinodiscus (0.33), Gyro sigma-Pleurosigma (0.26), Chaetoceros-Coscinodiscus (0.26), Chaetoceros –Pleurosigma (0.30), Gyrosigma-Chlorella (0.09), Chaetoceros-Chlorella (0.05). The species richness, d varies from 0-2.40, Pielous’s index of evenness (J') varies from 0-0.97, Shannon–Wiener’s diversity index (H'), 0-2.32, simpson’s dominance index, , 0-0.9. The species richness, species evenness, species diversity and dominance index are all significant at p  0.05. The correlation between the environmental variables and the phytoplankton species distribution were worked out.
Inference for Impulse Responses

Poor identification of individual impulse response coefficients does not necessarily mean that an impulse response is imprecisely estimated. This paper introduces a three-pronged approach on how to communicate uncertainty of impulse response estimates: (1) with Wald tests of joint significance; (2) with conditional t-tests of individual marginal coefficient significance; and (3) with fan charts based on the percentiles of the joint Wald statistics. The paper also shows how to anchor the impulse response analysis with a priori economic restrictions that can be formally tested and used to tighten structural identification. These methods are universal and do not depend on how the impulse responses are estimated. An empirical application illustrates the techniques in practice.
Peak alignment using reduced set mapping

This paper presents an algorithm and method for peak alignment or spectral synchronization of first‐ order data with pronounced differences between baseline and signals of interest, e.g. data typically acquired by NMR, MS, GC, LC and CE. The method preserves the shapes of peaks, merely altering their positions on the x‐axis of the data set. The method involves coarse discrimination between baseline and peaks, generation of a sparse vector or a list representing peak maximum positions, and analysis of the vector or list for shift parameters using breadth first search or dynamic programming. The method can align peaks up to the spectral resolution of the acquiring instrument without restrictions on the number of peaks that are to be shifted. Furthermore, the speed and moderate number of meta‐parameters of the algorithm make the method suitable for on‐line implementation. Real 1H NMR and GC data are used to illustrate the method's performance. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcome Trajectory Evaluation (OTE): An Approach to Tackle Research-for-Development’s Long-Causal-Chain Problem

This paper develops a novel approach called Outcome Trajectory Evaluation (OTE) in response to the long-causal-chain problem confronting the evaluation of research for development (R4D) projects. OTE strives to tackle four issues resulting from the common practice of evaluating R4D projects based on theory of change developed at the start. The approach was developed iteratively while conducting four evaluations of policy-related outcomes claimed by the CGIAR, a global R4D organization. The first step is to use a middle-range theory (MRT), based on “grand” social science theory, to help delineate and understand the trajectory that generated the set of outcomes being evaluated. The second step is to then identify project contribution to that trajectory. Other types of theory-driven evaluation are single step: they model how projects achieve outcomes without first considering the overarching causal mechanism—the outcome trajectory—from which the outcomes emerged. The use of an MRT allowed us to accrue learning from one evaluation to the next.