Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
General practitioners' immediate management of men presenting with urethral symptoms.

OBJECTIVES To describe the immediate reported management, by general practitioners (GPs), of men presenting with symptoms of urethral discharge, or dysuria only. SUBJECTS All 692 GPs in practice in Brent, Harrow, Ealing, Hammersmith, and Hounslow (UK). METHOD Data were collected using a GP completed questionnaire concerning the management of the last male patient seen, aged less than 40 years, complaining of urethral discharge, and the last male patient under 40 years complaining of dysuria only. RESULTS The response rate among GPs was 52%. Fifty three per cent of men with urethral symptoms, 86% of men with a urethral discharge and 24% with dysuria only, were identified by GPs and referred without investigation or treatment to a genitourinary medicine clinic. Of men with dysuria only, 93% of investigations by GPs were reported to include a mid-stream urine (MSU) specimen for bacteriology, and 19% a urethral swab for chlamydia. Seventy eight per cent of GPs reported using treatments with a broad spectrum antibiotic, 53% with trimethoprim, whilst 14% of GPs reported using a tetracycline in common use to treat non-gonococcal urethritis. Urine specimens were reported to be "culture positive" in 41% of men who had an MSU specimen tested, and 15% of men who had a urethral swab tested were reported to be chlamydia positive. CONCLUSION The GPs included in this study were not a full sample, or representative of all the GPs, and the data are retrospective. Nevertheless, we found a large difference in GPs reported management for men with urethral symptoms according to whether or not urethral discharge was a reported complaint. Reported management is likely to be, at least, indicative of actual management. Therefore, the results suggest that assessment by GPs of men presenting with dysuria should be explored and more appropriate management strategies defined.
Bullying and ‘Theory of Mind’: A Critique of the ‘Social Skills Deficit’ View of Anti‐Social Behaviour

Bullying in schools has been found to be widespread. The popular stereotype of a bully, supported by theories based on the social skills deficit model, is of a powerful but ‘oafish’ person with little understanding of others. In this article, we trace the origin of this view, and present an alternative view: that some bullies, at least, will need good social cognition and theory of mind skills in order to manipulate and organise others, inflicting suffering in subtle and damaging ways while avoiding detection themselves. Such skills, although likely to be utilised in all bullying, may be particularly useful for ringleader bullies and in the indirect forms of bullying which are more common between girls. Suggestions for further research in this area are made, and implications for anti-bullying work briefly discussed.
Evaluating Caveolin Interactions: Do Proteins Interact with the Caveolin Scaffolding Domain through a Widespread Aromatic Residue-Rich Motif?

Caveolins are coat proteins of caveolae, small flask-shaped pits of the plasma membranes of most cells. Aside from roles in caveolae formation, caveolins recruit, retain and regulate many caveolae-associated signalling molecules. Caveolin-protein interactions are commonly considered to occur between a ∼20 amino acid region within caveolin, the caveolin scaffolding domain (CSD), and an aromatic-rich caveolin binding motif (CBM) on the binding partner (фXфXXXXф, фXXXXфXXф or фXфXXXXфXXф, where ф is an aromatic and X an unspecified amino acid). The CBM resembles a typical linear motif - a short, simple sequence independently evolved many times in different proteins for a specific function. Here we exploit recent improvements in bioinformatics tools and in our understanding of linear motifs to critically examine the role of CBMs in caveolin interactions. We find that sequences conforming to the CBM occur in 30% of human proteins, but find no evidence for their statistical enrichment in the caveolin interactome. Furthermore, sequence- and structure-based considerations suggest that CBMs do not have characteristics commonly associated with true interaction motifs. Analysis of the relative solvent accessible area of putative CBMs shows that the majority of their aromatic residues are buried within the protein and are thus unlikely to interact directly with caveolin, but may instead be important for protein structural stability. Together, these findings suggest that the canonical CBM may not be a common characteristic of caveolin-target interactions and that interfaces between caveolin and targets may be more structurally diverse than presently appreciated.
On the statistical multiplexing gain of virtual base station pools

Facing the explosion of mobile data traffic, cloud radio access network (C-RAN) is proposed recently to overcome the efficiency and flexibility problems with the traditional RAN architecture by centralizing baseband processing. However, there lacks a mathematical model to analyze the statistical multiplexing gain from the pooling of virtual base stations (VBSs) so that the expenditure on fronthaul networks can be justified. In this paper, we address this problem by capturing the session-level dynamics of VBS pools with a multi-dimensional Markov model. This model reflects the constraints imposed by both radio resources and computational resources. To evaluate the pooling gain, we derive a product-form solution for the stationary distribution and give a recursive method to calculate the blocking probabilities. For comparison, we also derive the limit of resource utilization ratio as the pool size approaches infinity. Numerical results show that VBS pools can obtain considerable pooling gain readily at medium size, but the convergence to large pool limit is slow because of the quickly diminishing marginal pooling gain. We also find that parameters such as traffic load and desired Quality of Service (QoS) have significant influence on the performance of VBS pools.
Book Review: World City Network: A Global Urban Analysis

cusses traffic flow and control theories. Chapters 3 and 4 describe the ITS user services and ITS applications and their benefits, respectively. Chapter 4 discusses real-world application of ITS in four major areas, mainly in a metropolitan context. However, the book warns that these metropolitan examples should by no means indicate that ITS is applicable only in metropolitan areas. Chapter 5 describes the relationships between the user services, their corresponding user service requirements, and ITS architecture. Chapters 6, 7, and 8 discuss ITS planning, standards, and evaluation. Although Chowdhury and Sadek have provided discussions, the general reader may find difficulty in grasping and capturing a clear idea regarding these aspects due to the simplistic explanations of these topics. Finally, the last chapter of the book, titled “ITS Challenges and Opportunities,” provides a concise explanation of mainstreaming ITS, system upgrade, system integration, training needs, funding, privacy, rule making and compliance, resource sharing, and ITS and national security. Again, like other chapters of the book, the last chapter also falls short of detailed discussion, which is necessary for exploring a new subject like ITS. In the final analysis, the book discusses different topics of ITS planning but leaves the reader wanting more in terms of examples and applications. The tables and graphic materials throughout the book are generally presented well. However, more attention could have been paid to both. Specifically, inclusion of more figures seems a better approach to help the general readers understand the concept of ITS application more clearly. The book does not address some important issues of ITS in detail. Some main branches of ITS, such as advanced traveler information systems and advanced rural transportation systems, have not received their due elaboration, which limits the credibility of the book seriously. Apart from the weaknesses mentioned in this review, Fundamentals of Intelligent Transportation Systems Planning covers and summarizes a wide range of issues that should be considered while opting for ITS in a city, metropolitan area, region, or country.
Reliability of the Ekblom Soccer-Specific Endurance Test

Williams, MD, Wiltshire, HD, Lorenzen, C, Wilson, CJ, Meehan, DL, and Cicioni Kolsky, DJ. Reliability of the Ekblom soccer-specific endurance test. J Strength Cond Res 23(5): 1378-1382, 2009-The aim of this study was to explore and quantify measurement reliability of the Ekblom endurance test. Experienced university soccer players (n = 19; age = 20.5 ± 2.5 years; mass = 80.4 ± 9.8 kg; and stature = 179.0 ± 6.0 cm) completed the Ekblom endurance test on 3 separate occasions. Time to complete trial 1 (549 ± 26 seconds) and trial 2 (547 ± 26 seconds) was analyzed, and despite no significant difference (F1,18 = 4.119, p = 0.057, &eegr;P2 = 0.186) between trials, some evidence of systematic bias was observed in the data. Therefore, trial 2 data were compared with those of trial 3 (548 ± 27 seconds), with trial 1 data removed. The subsequent analysis (F1,18 = 0.740, p = 0.401, &eegr;P2 = 0.039) showed a reduction in the risk of making a type II error when compared with the previous analysis. From the reliability analyses (3,1 intraclass correlation = 0.983, SEM = ±3 seconds, smallest worthwhile change = 5 seconds, standard error of prediction [95% confidence intervals] = ± 9 seconds), a high level of measurement reliability was observed and the sensitivity of the test to monitor changes was “good. ” In summary, it was shown that a test that involves a variety of soccer-specific forms of locomotion can be highly reliable and sensitive to detect change. In light of the systematic bias found, we do, however, recommend a familiarization session to be scheduled before the introduction of this test.
Heparin Stimulation of the Inhibition of Activated Protein C and other Enzymes by Human Protein C Inhibitor - Influence of the Molecular Weight of Heparin and Ionic Strength

Summary The ability of unfractionated (UF) heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) to potentiate the inhibition of fibrinolytic and coagulation factors by protein C inhibitor (PCI) was studied. Inhibition of activated protein C (APC), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), thrombin, factor Xa (Xa), factor XIa (XIa) and plasma kallikrein (KK) by PCI was found to be dependent on the size of the polysaccharide. In general, maximal stimulation was reached with UF heparin, except in the case of KK. Differences in heparin stimulation were more pronounced for thrombin, APC, uPA, tPA and XIa, whereas inactivation of Xa by PCI was less dependent on the presence of heparin, and kallikrein showed higher potentiation with LMWH than with UF heparin. The second-order rate constants for enzyme inhibition by PCI were strongly dependent on the ionic strength, and, in general, with an ionic strength higher than 0.15 the heparin stimulation of the inhibition reactions was drastically reduced. These results may explain the large discrepancies in the literature on the effect of heparin on the stimulation of enzyme inhibition by PCI. They also show that LMWH is less efficient in stimulating the PCI inhibition of APC, uPA and tPA, which could contribute to the antithrombotic effect of these enzymes.
Drugs, Daydreaming, and Personality: A Study of College Youth

It sounds good when knowing the drugs daydreaming and personality a study of college youth in this website. This is one of the books that many people looking for. In the past, many people ask about this book as their favourite book to read and collect. And now, we present hat you need quickly. It seems to be so happy to offer you this famous book. It will not become a unity of the way for you to get amazing benefits at all. But, it will serve something that will let you get the best time and moment to spend for reading the book.
Toward a political sociology of entry policies: Conceptual problems and theoretical proposals

This article presents a critical survey of the state of the current research on immigration policies. The first part highlights the social and disciplinary changes that have recently made ‘immigration policy' a legitimate topic of social inquiry. It is argued that we are currently witnessing a fairly large wave of studies of the topic and that there is evidence of initial attempts to move from idiosyncratic case histories to theoreticallyinformed frameworks. The second part surveys the main conceptual framework currently employed to make sense of such policy fields. The article also argues that most of such frameworks end up taking for granted that it is possible to ‘extend' to immigration policy the basic toolkit employed in relation to other better-known policy domains. Moreover, the study of immigration policies has not yet paid adequate attention to the underlying policy-making, frequently ending up taking at face value the accounts of the actors involved. The third part highlights selected features of immigration policy that are distinctive of such a field. Accept certain inalienable truths: Prices will rise. Politicians will philander. Immigration controls will fail. You, too, will get old. And when you do, you'll fantasise that, when you were young, prices were reasonable, politicians were noble, controls worked smoothly and children respected their elders' (Anonymous, adaptation from the ‘sunscreen column')
Age‐related decreases in NAD(P)H and glutathione cause redox declines before ATP loss during glutamate treatment of hippocampal neurons

Age‐related glutamate excitotoxicity depends in an unknown manner on active mitochondria, which are key determinants of the cellular redox potential. Compared with embryonic and middle‐aged neurons, old‐aged rat hippocampal neurons have a lower resting reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) and a lower redox ratio (NAD(P)H/flavin adenine nucleotide). Glutamate treatment resulted in an initial increase in NAD(P)H concentrations in all ages, followed by a profound calcium‐dependent, age‐related decline in NAD(P)H concentration and redox ratio. With complex I of the electron transport chain inhibited by rotenone, treatment with glutamate or ionomycin only resulted in the increase in NAD(P)H fluorescence. High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of adenine nucleotides in brain extracts showed 50% less nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and almost twice as much oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, demonstrating a more oxidized ratio in old than middle‐aged brain. Resting glutathione content also declined with age and further decreased with glutamate treatment without accompanying changes in adenosine triphosphate levels. We conclude that age does not affect production of NADH by dehydrogenases but that old‐aged neurons consume more NADH and glutathione, leading to a catastrophic decline in redox ratio. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Purification, localization, properties and regulation of glutamine synthetase from Hyphomicrobium X

Summary: The purification, location, properties and regulation of glutamine synthetase (GS) from the facultative methylotroph Hyphomicrobium X were investigated. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by differential centrifugation, Blue Sepharose CL-6B chromatography and Sephadex G-25 gel filtration. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 44.7 μmol min-1 (mg protein)-1. GS was cytoplasmic in location with no direct association with DNA, membranes or the enzyme glutamine: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT). The molecular mass of the native enzyme was 638 kDa; it was composed of 12 subunits of molecular mass 53 kDa. Double reciprocal plots showed that the enzyme followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The apparent K m values for hydroxamate and glutamine in the γ-glutamyl transferase assay were 7.0 and 5.0 mM respectively; those of ammonia, glutamate and ATP in the biosynthetic assay were 0.032, 31.1 and 0.37 mM respectively. GS activity was controlled by covalent modification, the presence of specific divalent cations and feedback inhibition by several end-products of glutamine metabolism.
Common sense and psychological phenomena: A reply to Smedslund

Smedslund's argument that psycho-social reality is revealed by common sense is shown to be based on a confusion between logical inference and psychological induction. Common sense has no privileged access to psychological reality and is affected profoundly by reasoning errors. Its structure is loose, allowing for post hoc“explanations” of everything and clear-cut predictions of nothing.
A Solver for a Theory of Strings and Bit-vectors

We present a solver for a many-sorted first-order quantifier-free theory $T_{w,bv}$ of string equations, string length represented as bit-vectors, and bit-vector arithmetic aimed at formal verification, automated testing, and security analysis of C/C++ applications. Our key motivation for building such a solver is the observation that existing string solvers are not efficient at modeling the string/bit-vector combination. Current approaches either reduce strings to bit-vectors and use a bit-vector solver as a backend, or model bit-vectors as natural numbers and use a solver for the combined theory of strings and natural numbers. Both these approaches are inefficient for different reasons. Modeling strings as bit-vectors destroys structure inherent in string equations thus missing opportunities for efficiently deciding such formulas, and modeling bit-vectors as natural numbers is known to be inefficient. Hence, there is a clear need for a solver that models strings and bit-vectors natively. Our solver Z3strBV is a decision procedure for the theory $T_{w,bv}$ combining solvers for bit-vector and string equations. We demonstrate experimentally that Z3strBV is significantly more efficient than reduction of string/bit-vector constraints to strings/natural numbers. Additionally, we prove decidability for the theory $T_{w,bv}$. We also propose two optimizations which can be adapted to other contexts. The first accelerates convergence on a consistent assignment of string lengths, and the second, dubbed library-aware SMT solving, fixes summaries for built-in string functions (e.g., {\tt strlen} in C/C++), which Z3strBV uses directly instead of analyzing the functions from scratch each time. Finally, we demonstrate experimentally that Z3strBV is able to detect nontrivial overflows in real-world system-level code, as confirmed against 7 security vulnerabilities from CVE and Mozilla database.
Notch signaling in vascular development and physiology

Notch signaling is an ancient intercellular signaling mechanism that plays myriad roles during vascular development and physiology in vertebrates. These roles include regulation of artery/vein differentiation in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, regulation of blood vessel sprouting and branching during both normal development and tumor angiogenesis, and the differentiation and physiological responses of vascular smooth muscle cells. Defects in Notch signaling also cause inherited vascular and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, I summarize recent findings and discuss the growing relevance of Notch pathway modulation for therapeutic applications in disease.
Networks on Chips: Scalable interconnects for future systems on chips

According to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS), before the end of this decade we will be entering the era of a billion transistors on a single chip. It is being stated that soon we will have a chip of 50-100 nm comprising around 4 billion transistors operating at a frequency of 10 Ghz. Such a development means that in the near future we probably have devices with such complex functions ranging from mere mobile phones to mobile devices controlling satellite functions. But developing such kind of chips is not an easy task as the number of transistors increases on-chip, and so does the complexity of integrating them. Todaypsilas SoCs use shared or dedicated buses to interconnect the communicating on-chip resources. However, these buses are not scalable beyond a certain limit. In this case, the current interconnect infrastructure will become a bottleneck for the development of billion transistor chips. Hence, in this tutorial, we will try to highlight a new design paradigm that has been proposed to counter the inefficiency of buses in future SoCs. This new design paradigm has been termed with a variety of titles, but the most common and agreed upon one is networks on chips (NoCs). We will show that how this paradigm shift from ordinary buses to networks on chips can make the kind of SoCs mentioned above very much possible.
Conflicting interests in the funding of the early two-year college

Our understanding of the funding of public junior colleges prior to 1940 has been strongly influenced by the ideology of current scholars. A close reading of the historical record reveals that early junior colleges were rarely subsidized by states. Rather, their costs were met by approximately equal contributions of local tax revenue and unaided tuition, in an era that can best be characterized as one of high tuition and low aid.
Expectations about the accuracy and stability of warmth versus competence traits: An intergroup analysis

Participants rated the expected accuracy and stability of ascribed traits for ingroup or outgroup targets. Traits were derived from theoretical models distinguishing between the content dimensions of warmth and competence. Positive and negative warmth and competence traits were paired with either Black or White first names, and participants rated the expected trait accuracy and stability. Positive traits were rated as having more accuracy and stability than were negative traits. Warmth traits were rated as having more accuracy and stability than were competence traits. For negative warmth traits, trait accuracy was rated significantly lower for ingroup than for outgroup targets, but no ingroup–outgroup difference was found for positive warmth traits. For both negative warmth and negative competence traits, trait stability was rated lower for ingroup than for outgroup targets, but no ingroup–outgroup differences were found for positive warmth or competence traits. The present findings support the primacy of positive over negative traits and of warmth over competence traits in estimating the accuracy and stability of trait ratings, but also suggest that trait-relevant expectations differ as a function of group membership. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Situational political socialization: a normative approach to young people's adoption and acquisition of political preferences and skills

Research on young people's political socialization has had an adult-centered top–down bias in which young people are considered incomplete and in need of the right upbringing. The article attempts to balance this bias. The aim is to introduce and argue for another normative approach – situational political socialization. Four theoretical elements constitute its basis: (1) the political, (2) contingency (the principle of the public sphere), (3) space and place, and (4) situation. In the contingent western digital media society marked by cultural dissemination, individualism, and the erosion of traditional institutions, situational political socialization represents a normative basis for a research approach which is open, action-oriented and contextualized, viewing young people as political actors in their own right.