Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deterministic Sparse Fourier Approximation Via Approximating Arithmetic Progressions

We present a deterministic algorithm for finding the significant Fourier frequencies of a given signal f ∈ C<sup>N</sup> and their approximate Fourier coefficients in running time and sample complexity polynomial in log N, L<sub>1</sub>(f̂)/||f̂||<sub>2</sub>, and 1/τ, where the significant frequencies are those occupying at least a τ-fraction of the energy of the signal, and L<sub>1</sub>(f̂) denotes the L<sub>1</sub>-norm of the Fourier transform of f. Furthermore, the algorithm is robust to additive random noise. This strictly extends the class of compressible/Fourier sparse signals efficiently handled by previous deterministic algorithms for signals in C<sup>N</sup>. As a central tool, we prove there is a deterministic algorithm that takes as input N, ε and an arithmetic progression P in Z<sub>N</sub>, runs in time polynomial in ln N and 1/ε, and returns a set A<sub>P</sub> that ε-approximates P in Z<sub>N</sub> in the sense that |E<sub>x∈A</sub><sub>P</sub>e<sup>2πiω/N</sup> - E<sub>x∈P</sub>e<sup>2πiωx/N</sup>| <; ε for all ω = 0,. , N-1. In other words, we show there is an explicit construction of sets A<sub>P</sub> of size polynomial in lnN and 1/ε that ε-approximate given arithmetic progressions P in Z<sub>N</sub>. This extends results on small-bias sets, which are sets approximating the entire domain, to sets approximating a given arithmetic progression; this result may be of independent interest.
Jump-Sparse and Sparse Recovery Using Potts Functionals

We recover jump-sparse and sparse signals from blurred incomplete data corrupted by (possibly non-Gaussian) noise using inverse Potts energy functionals. We obtain analytical results (existence of minimizers, complexity) on inverse Potts functionals and provide relations to sparsity problems. We then propose a new optimization method for these functionals which is based on dynamic programming and the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). A series of experiments shows that the proposed method yields very satisfactory jump-sparse and sparse reconstructions, respectively. We highlight the capability of the method by comparing it with classical and recent approaches such as TV minimization (jump-sparse signals), orthogonal matching pursuit, iterative hard thresholding, and iteratively reweighted ℓ1 minimization (sparse signals).
Intervening Earlier: An Upstream Approach to Improving Relationship Quality

Relationship quality has far-reaching consequences for health and well-being. To date, large-scale efforts to improve relationship quality have targeted established relationships. However, a novel approach would be to target relationships much earlier. Investment-based programs would intervene (on a voluntary basis) before partners become strongly tied to one another (i.e., within the first few months of “official” dating) and help people to avoid investing in relationships that they might later decide are wrong for them. Selection-based programs would intervene before an official dating relationship has formed, perhaps by helping people to identify especially compatible partners from within their network of friends and acquaintances. To develop such interventions, researchers must (a) identify when important relationship experiences (e.g., perceived responsiveness, capitalization, and sexual satisfaction) become reliably predictive of long-term outcomes and (b) identify how this information could be better incorporated into early relationship decisions. Overall, efforts to facilitate the initial formation and development of high-quality relationships may hold promising, untested potential.
Friendly strangers : Facilitating online cross-cultural collaboration

The article deals with the subject of effective cross-cultural collaboration in online environment. Factors facilitating such collaboration as well as challengs created by them are identified. It is argued that these challenges can be successfully met through application of good activity patterns (both task-oriented and interpersonal) and the appropriate use of specific tools and services (such as LMSs and social software). It is also shown how these ideas were implemented in an online course in which students from four different countries worked together on creating a common artefact. The course served as a first trial for iCamp project, the goal of which is to create technical and pedagogical environments and techniques that facilitate online cooperation between academics in an enlarged Europe.
A BTOF observer backstepping-based output feedback law for nonlinear systems

We present an observer-backstepping based approach to designing an output feedback law on the basis of a BTOF (Block Triangular Observer Form) observer for multi-variable nonlinear systems. The BTOF observer is a recently developed extension to the nonlinear observer used in an established approach to demonstrate observer backstepping. We illustrate our design on a model of a physical system - the magnetically levitated ball.
Evaluating the influence of noise on the spectrum of an oscillator

Phase models are practical tools to investigate the phase noise in stochastic oscillators. Traditional phase models describe the phase noise problem as a diffusion process, but experiments and simple solvable models reveal that white noise can also induce a frequency shift in the spectra of oscillators. In this paper we explain why traditional phase models fail to capture noise induced frequency shift and we present an improved phase model that explains this phenomenon. We develop a method for the direct calculation of the mean oscillation frequency and the power spectral density of stochastic oscillators. Our method can be applied to a wide class of stochastic oscillators.
On the brightness distribution of type Ia supernovae from violent white dwarf mergers

We investigate the brightness distribution expected for th ermonuclear explosions that might result from the ignition of a detonation during the violent merger of white dwarf (WD) binaries. Violent WD mergers are a subclass of the canonical double degenerate scenario where two carbon-oxygen (CO) WDs merge when the larger WD fills its Roche-lobe. Determining their brightness distribution is critical for evaluating w hether such an explosion model could be responsible for a significant fraction of the observed pop ulation of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). We argue that the brightness of an explosion realised via the violent merger model is mainly determined by the mass of 56 Ni produced in the detonation of the primary CO WD. To quantify this link, we use a set of sub-Chandrasekhar mass WD detonation models to derive a relationship between primary WD mass (mWD) and expected peak bolometric brightness (Mbol). We use this mWD-Mbol relationship to convert the masses of merging primary WDs from binary population models to a predicted distribution of explosion brightness. We also investigate the sensitivity of our results to assumptions abo ut the conditions required to realise a detonation during violent mergers of WDs. We find a striking s imilarity between the shape of our theoretical peak-magnitude distribution and that observed for SNe Ia: our model produces a Mbol distribution that roughly covers the range and matches the shape of the one observed for SNe Ia. However, this agreement hinges on a particular phase of mass accretion during binary evolution: the primary WD gains �0.15 0.35 M⊙ from a slightly-evolved helium star companion. In our standard binary evolution model, such an accretion phase is predicted to occur for about 43% of all binary systems that ultimately give rise to binary CO WD mergers. We also find that with high probability, violent WD merge rs involving the most massive primaries ( �1.3M⊙, which should produce bright SNe) have delay times �500 Myr.
Low-Intensity Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (LI-CBT) – Eine Einführung in Konzepte und Rahmenbedingungen

Zusammenfassung Die Bezeichnung Low-Intensity Cognitive Behavioral Therapie (LI-CBT) (in der Übersetzung etwa „niedrigintensive kognitive Verhaltenstherapie“) beschreibt Versorgungsangebote, die das Ziel verfolgen, den Zugang zu evidenzbasierten psychologischen Therapien zu verbessern. Dies wird erreicht indem (1) die Kontaktzeit zwischen Therapeut und Patient reduziert wird, (2) Fachkräfte mit speziellem Training aber ohne langjährige psychotherapeutische Qualifikation und (3) Interventionen mit variabler Intensität eingesetzt werden. Gestufte (Stepped-care) und berufsgruppen-vernetzende (Collaborative-care) Versorgungsstrukturen bilden den strukturellen Rahmen für eine erfolgreiche Umsetzung von LI-CBT. Während sich international großangelegte Forschungs- und Praxisprojekte diesem Thema widmen, liegt die Entwicklung in Deutschland deutlich zurück. Gerade vor dem Hintergrund wachsender Bedarfe und Inanspruchnahmen sowie der Zielsetzung von politischer Seite, neue Versorgungsformen zu entwickeln, stellte das Konzept LI-CBT daher einen vielversprechenden Ansatz dar.
French Amalgam: a quick adaptation of a sentence realization system to French

We describe the adaptation to French of a machine-learned sentence realization system called Amalgam that was originally developed to be as language independent as possible and was first implemented for German. We discuss the development of the French implementation with particular attention to the degree to which the original system could be reused, and we present the results of a human evaluation of the quality of sentence realization using the new French system.
Upregulation of inward rectifier K+ (Kir2) channels in dentate gyrus granule cells in temporal lobe epilepsy

In humans, temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is often associated with Ammon's horn sclerosis (AHS) characterized by hippocampal cell death, gliosis and granule cell dispersion (GCD) in the dentate gyrus. Granule cells surviving TLE have been proposed to be hyperexcitable and to play an important role in seizure generation. However, it is unclear whether this applies to conditions of AHS. We studied granule cells using the intrahippocampal kainate injection mouse model of TLE, brain slice patch‐clamp recordings, morphological reconstructions and immunocytochemistry. With progressing AHS and GCD, ‘epileptic’ granule cells of the injected hippocampus displayed a decreased input resistance, a decreased membrane time constant and an increased rheobase. The resting leak conductance was doubled in epileptic granule cells and roughly 70–80% of this difference were sensitive to K+ replacement. Of the increased K+ leak, about 50% were sensitive to 1 mm Ba2+. Approximately 20–30% of the pathological leak was mediated by a bicuculline‐sensitive GABAA conductance. Epileptic granule cells had strongly enlarged inwardly rectifying currents with a low micromolar Ba2+ IC50, reminiscent of classic inward rectifier K+ channels (Irk/Kir2). Indeed, protein expression of Kir2 subunits (Kir2.1, Kir2.2, Kir2.3, Kir2.4) was upregulated in epileptic granule cells. Immunolabelling for two‐pore weak inward rectifier K+ channels (Twik1/K2P1.1, Twik2/K2P6.1) was also increased. We conclude that the excitability of granule cells in the sclerotic focus of TLE is reduced due to an increased resting conductance mainly due to upregulated K+ channel expression. These results point to a local adaptive mechanism that could counterbalance hyperexcitability in epilepsy.
Subjective Cohesion as Stress Buffer Among Civilians Working With the Military in Iraq and Afghanistan

Recent research shows that civilians who work with the military in war zones are often exposed to life-threatening situations that can create psychological distress. In this study, we examine whether cohesion buffers the relationship between threat and psychological distress. Using a probability sample of civilians working with the U.S. Army in Iraq and Afghanistan, we find that cohesion buffers the relationship between threat and both internalizing and externalizing forms of emotional distress, but does so nonlinearly, with buffering observed at moderate but not high levels of cohesion. This research shows that cohesion may be an important resource for the mental health of civilians working in war zones but also supports sociological theory positing that the utility of social resources for individual well-being may be obviated in tightly integrative social contexts.
On the Analysis of Weighted Nonbinary Repeat Multiple-Accumulate Codes

In this paper, we consider weighted nonbinary repeat multiple-accumulate (WNRMA) code ensembles obtained from the serial concatenation of a nonbinary rate-1/n repeat code and the cascade of L>= 1 accumulators, where each encoder is followed by a nonbinary random weighter. The WNRMA codes are assumed to be iteratively decoded using the turbo principle with maximum a posteriori constituent decoders. We derive the exact weight enumerator of nonbinary accumulators and subsequently give the weight enumerators for WNRMA code ensembles. We formally prove that the symbol-wise minimum distance of WNRMA code ensembles asymptotically grows linearly with the block length when L >= 3 and n >= 2, and L=2 and n >= 3, for all powers of primes q >= 3 considered, where q is the field size. Thus, WNRMA code ensembles are asymptotically good for these parameters. We also give iterative decoding thresholds, computed by an extrinsic information transfer chart analysis, on the q-ary symmetric channel to show the convergence properties. Finally, we consider the binary image of WNRMA code ensembles and compare the asymptotic minimum distance growth rates with those of binary repeat multiple-accumulate code ensembles.
Limited feedback scheme based on zero-forcing precoding for multiuser MIMO-OFDM downlink systems

Conventional zero-forcing precoding was well investigated, but it hadn't considered the channel quality indicator (CQI) mismatch for practical system with limited feedback. This paper studies a novel zero-forcing precoding with channel quality indicator (CQI) estimation and adjusting, channel directional information(CDI) quantization, user scheduling and link adaptation and then proposes a CQI estimation algorithm for multiuser multiple input multiple output antenna (MU-MIMO) downlink systems with limited feedback. Simulation with 3GPP long term evolution system demonstrates that the scheme with proposed method can significantly improve system performance, compared with conventional zero-forcing precoding and single user MIMO systems.
Extrinsic regulation of T‐type Ca2+ channel expression in chick nodose ganglion neurons

Functional expression of T‐type Ca2+ channels is developmentally regulated in chick nodose neurons. In this study we have tested the hypothesis that extrinsic factors regulate the expression of T‐type Ca2+ channels in vitro. Voltage‐gated Ca2+ currents were measured using whole‐cell patch clamp recordings in E7 nodose neurons cultured under various conditions. Culture of E7 nodose neurons for 48 h with a heart extract induced the expression of T‐type Ca2+ channels without any significant effect on HVA currents. T‐type Ca2+ channel expression was not stimulated by survival promoting factors such as BDNF. The stimulatory effect of heart extract was mediated by a heat‐labile, trypsin‐sensitive factor. Various hematopoietic cytokines including CNTF and LIF mimic the stimulatory effect of heart extract on T‐type Ca2+ channel expression. The stimulatory effect of heart extract and CNTF requires at least 12 h continuous exposure to reach maximal expression and is not altered by culture of nodose neurons with the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin, suggesting that T‐type Ca2+ channel expression is regulated by a posttranslational mechanism. Disruption of the Golgi apparatus with brefeldin‐A inhibits the stimulatory effect of heart extract and CNTF suggesting that protein trafficking regulates the functional expression of T‐type Ca2+ channels. Heart extract‐ or CNTF‐evoked stimulation of T‐type Ca2+ channel expression is blocked by the Jak/STAT and MAP kinase blockers, AG490 and U0126, respectively. This study provides new insights into the electrical differentiation of placode‐derived sensory neurons and the role of extrinsic factors in regulating the functional expression of Ca2+ channels. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
Performance limitation of on-chip global interconnects for high-speed signaling

This paper discusses performance limitations of on-chip interconnects. On-chip global interconnects are considered to be a bottleneck of high-performance LSIs. To overcome this issue, high-speed signaling and large throughput interconnection using electrical wires are studied. However, the limitations of on-chip interconnects has not been studied sufficiently. This paper reveals the maximum performance of on-chip global interconnects, based on derived analytic expressions and detailed circuit simulation. We derive trade-off curves among bit rate, interconnect length, and eye opening, both for single-end and for differential signaling. The results show that differential signaling improves signaling performance several times compared with conventional single-end signaling, and demonstrate that 80 Gbps differential signaling on 10 mm interconnects is promising.
A Proactive Service Mechanism Based on Linguistic Variable and Multiple Attribute Decision Making

To develop practical ubiquitous computing (UbiComp) applications, we design, formalize and implement a proactive service mechanism (PSM). However, in UbiComp environments, imprecise and incomplete context information, as well as limited resource, introduces novel challenging issues for PSM from service model and quality of service (QoS) model to service selection algorithm. In our design, we propose a user-oriented QoS model and a component-based service model to support adaptive service selection. In particular, we design fuzzy linguistic terms to help the user express his/her preference to quality criteria with natural language. Furthermore, the user's preference can be mapped into the weights of quality criteria by employing fuzzy set theory. The kernel of the service selection problem is identified as multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problem with incomplete preference, which can be solved by classic methods. Finally, we conduct several experiments to testify the performance and scalability of our design
Position Paper for for OOPSLA ’ 94 WS on Flexibility in System Software Flexible Low-Level System Programming in Apertos Operating System

This position paper states our new approach of implementing low-level OS components, especially device drivers. We introduce the notion of concurrent objects into low-level system programming. A device driver for every hardware device is implemented as independent concurrent objects. A device driver object has a single thread of control, so that mutual exclusion operations such as spl and semaphores are not necessary. Mechanisms of synchronization, object scheduling, and interrupt mask handling are clearly separated from actual device control programs, and these are implemented by the system for device driver objects. By these methods, low-level OS components can be made flexible and executed safely, with practical performance.
An evaluation of two different methods of coccygectomy in patients with traumatic coccydynia

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of partial and total coccyx excisions in patients with traumatic coccydynia resistant to conservative treatment. Patients and methods The study included 22 patients (from a total of 27) who underwent partial or total coccygectomy because of persistent coccydynia between December 2007 and January 2014. There were 15 females and 7 males with a mean age of 33.6 years (range 23–46 years). Partial coccygectomy was performed in 14 patients and total coccygectomy in 8. They were evaluated according to their pre- and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) scores. The mean follow-up period was 28 months (range 16–48 months). Results The mean VAS scores in the total excision group were 8.88±0.64 preoperatively and 2.5±2.67 at the final postoperative follow-up examination. In the partial excision group, these values were 8.79±0.89 preoperatively and 2.5±2.85 postoperatively. No statistically significant difference was determined between the two groups with respect to the mean scores (p>0.05). No rectum injury was seen in any patient. When the VAS scores of the patients were evaluated as a whole, excellent and good results were obtained in 78%. Patient satisfaction with the operation was 90%. Conclusion Coccyx excision is a successful treatment method in patients with long-term coccydynia who are resistant to conservative treatment. Two different surgical methods can be applied in the treatment and both of them have low complication rates and high patient satisfaction.
Natural Disasters, Self-Insurance and Human Capital Investment: Evidence from Bangladesh, Ethiopia and Malawi

This paper examines the impacts of disasters on dynamic human capital production using panel data from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Malawi. The empirical results show that the accumulation of biological human capital prior to disasters helps children maintain investments in the post-disaster period. Biological human capital formed in early childhood (long-term nutritional status) plays a role of insurance with resilience to disasters by protecting schooling investment and outcomes, although disasters have negative impacts on investment. In Bangladesh, children with more biological human capital are less affected by the adverse effects of floods, and the rate of investment increases with the initial human capital stock in the post-disaster recovery process. In Ethiopia and Malawi, where droughts are rather frequent, exposure to highly frequent droughts in some cases reduces schooling investment but the negative impacts are larger among children embodying less biological human capital. Asset holdings prior to the disasters, especially the household's stock of intellectual human capital, also helps maintain schooling investments at least to the same degree as the stock of human capital accumulated in children prior to the disasters.
Real time falls prevention and detection with biofeedback monitoring solution for mobile environments

With the elderly population growing around the world, falls increase the risk progressively with age. Those falls can origin injuries that may cause a great dependence and debilitation to the elderly, and even death in extreme cases. This paper reviews the related literature about this topic and introduces a mobile solution for falls prevention, detection, and biofeedback monitoring. The falls prevention system uses collected data from sensors in order to control and advice the patient or even to give instructions to treat an abnormal condition to reduce the falls risk. In cases of prolonged symptoms it can even detect a possible disease. The signal processing algorithms play a key role in a fall prevention system. In real time, based on biofeedback data collection, these algorithms analyses bio-signals to thereby warn the user, when needed. Monitoring and processing data from sensors is performed by a smartphone that will issue warnings to the user and, in gravity situations, send them to a caretaker. The proposed solution for falls prevention and detection is evaluated and validated through a prototype and it is ready for use.
Collusion via Signalling in Simultaneous Ascending Bid Auctions with Heterogeneous Objects, with and without Complementarities

Collusive equilibria exist in simultaneous ascending bid auctions with multiple objects, even with large complementarities in the buyers' utility functions. The bidders collude by dividing the objects among themselves, while keeping the prices low. In the most collusive equilibrium the complementarities are never realized. The scope for collusion however narrows as the ratio between the number of bidders and the number of objects increases. Copyright 2002, Wiley-Blackwell.