Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prompting the Benefit of the Doubt: The Joint Effect of Auditor-Client Social Bonds and Measurement Uncertainty on Audit Adjustments

We design an incentivized experiment to test whether measurement uncertainty elevates the risk that social bonds between auditors and reporters compromise audit adjustments. Results indicate that, when audit evidence is characterized by some residual uncertainty, the adjustments our auditor-participants require are sensitive to whether auditors have an opportunity to form a modest but friendly social bond with reporters. In contrast, although auditors do not adjust fully even when misstatements are known with certainty, social bonding has no effect in this scenario. Accordingly, our experiment contributes beyond the main effects of social bonding and measurement uncertainty demonstrated in prior research by showing that these forces interact. A practical implication is that regulators and practitioners should consider both the technical and the social challenges facing audits of complex estimates.
Control of Translocations between Highly Diverged Genes by Sgs1, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Homolog of the Bloom'sSyndrome Protein

ABSTRACT Sgs1 is a RecQ family DNA helicase required for genome stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae whose human homologs BLM, WRN, and RECQL4 are mutated in Bloom's, Werner, and Rothmund Thomson syndromes, respectively. Sgs1 and mismatch repair (MMR) are inhibitors of recombination between similar but divergent (homeologous) DNA sequences. Here we show that SGS1, but not MMR, is critical for suppressing spontaneous, recurring translocations between diverged genes in cells with mutations in the genes encoding the checkpoint proteins Mec3, Rad24, Rad9, or Rfc5, the chromatin assembly factors Cac1 or Asf1, and the DNA helicase Rrm3. The S-phase checkpoint kinase and telomere maintenance factor Tel1, a homolog of the human ataxia telangiectasia (ATM) protein, prevents these translocations, whereas the checkpoint kinase Mec1, a homolog of the human ATM-related protein, and the Rad53 checkpoint kinase are not required. The translocation structures observed suggest involvement of a dicentric intermediate and break-induced replication with multiple cycles of DNA template switching.
Episodic Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning with Curiosity-Driven Exploration

Efficient exploration in deep cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) still remains challenging in complex coordination problems. In this paper, we introduce a novel Episodic Multi-agent reinforcement learning with Curiosity-driven exploration, called EMC. We leverage an insight of popular factorized MARL algorithms that the"induced"individual Q-values, i.e., the individual utility functions used for local execution, are the embeddings of local action-observation histories, and can capture the interaction between agents due to reward backpropagation during centralized training. Therefore, we use prediction errors of individual Q-values as intrinsic rewards for coordinated exploration and utilize episodic memory to exploit explored informative experience to boost policy training. As the dynamics of an agent's individual Q-value function captures the novelty of states and the influence from other agents, our intrinsic reward can induce coordinated exploration to new or promising states. We illustrate the advantages of our method by didactic examples, and demonstrate its significant outperformance over state-of-the-art MARL baselines on challenging tasks in the StarCraft II micromanagement benchmark.
Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation in the United States, 1995–2004

This article examines OPTN/SRTR data on kidney and pancreas transplantation for 2004 and the previous decade, and discusses recent changes in kidney‐pancreas (KP) allocation policy and emerging issues in kidney donation after cardiac death (DCD). Although the number of kidney donors continues to increase, new waiting list registrations again outpaced the number of kidney transplants performed, rising by 11% between 2003 and 2004 and contributing to a 1‐year increase of 8% in the number of patients active on the waiting list. DCD has increased steadily since 2000; 39% more DCD transplants were performed in 2004 than 2003. Both deceased donor and living donor kidney graft survival rates remain excellent and are improving. The number of people living with a functioning kidney transplant doubled between 1995 and 2004, to 101 440 with a functioning kidney‐alone and 7213 with a functioning KP. Health care providers in all settings are more likely to be exposed to these transplant recipients. Patient survival following simultaneous pancreas‐kidney (SPK) transplantation is excellent and has improved incrementally since 1995; death rates in the first year fell from 60 per 1000 patient‐years at risk in 2001 to 45 in 2003. The number of solitary pancreas transplants increased dramatically in 2004.
Polarity of Tn5 insertion mutations in Escherichia coli

We assessed the effect of insertions of the kanamycin resistance transposon Tn5 in the lac operon of Escherichia coli on the expression of distal genes lacY and lacA (melibiose fermentation at 41 degrees C and thiogalactoside transacetylase synthesis, respectively). Every insertion mutation tested (41 in lacZ and 23 in lacY) was strongly polar. However, approximately one-third of the insertion mutants expressed distal genes at low levels due to a promoter associated with Tn5. To localize this promoter, we (i) reversed the orientation of Tn5 at several sites and (ii) replaced wild-type Tn5 with several substitution derivatives which lack Tn5's central region. Neither alteration changed the expression of distal genes. Thus, in contrast to transposons IS2 and TnA. Tn5's ability to turn on distal gene expression is not due to a promoter in its central region and therefore is not dependent on the overall orientation of Tn5 in the operon. Our results suggest that the promoter is within 186 base pairs of the ends of Tn5. It is possible that the promoter is detected in only a fraction of insertions because it overlaps Tn5-target sequence boundary.
Evidence that psychotic symptoms are prevalent in disorders of anxiety and depression, impacting on illness onset, risk, and severity--implications for diagnosis and ultra-high risk research.

BACKGROUND It is commonly assumed that there are clear lines of demarcation between anxiety and depressive disorders on the one hand and psychosis on the other. Recent evidence, however, suggests that this principle may be in need of updating. METHODS Depressive and/or anxiety disorders, with no previous history of psychotic disorder, were examined for the presence of psychotic symptoms in a representative community sample of adolescents and young adults (Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology study; n = 3021). Associations and consequences of psychotic symptomatology in the course of these disorders were examined in terms of demographic distribution, illness severity, onset of service use, and risk factors. RESULTS Around 27% of those with disorders of anxiety and depression displayed one or more psychotic symptoms, vs 14% in those without these disorders (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.89-2.66, P < .001). Presence as compared with nonpresence of psychotic symptomatology was associated with younger age (P < .0001), male sex (P < .0058), and poorer illness course (P < .0002). In addition, there was greater persistence of schizotypal (P < .0001) and negative symptoms (P < .0170), more observable illness behavior (P < .0001), greater likelihood of service use (P < .0069), as well as more evidence of familial liability for mental illness (P < .0100), exposure to trauma (P < .0150), recent and more distant life events (P < .0006-.0244), cannabis use (P < .0009), and any drug use (P < .0008). CONCLUSION Copresence of psychotic symptomatology in disorders of anxiety and depression is common and a functionally and etiologically highly relevant feature, reinforcing the view that psychopathology is represented by a network or overlapping and reciprocally impacting dimensional liabilities.
Altered Resting-State Cortical EEG Oscillations in Patients With Severe Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis

Asymptomatic carotid stenosis is characterized by altered cerebral hemodynamics and cognitive impairment, but the underlying neurophysiological mechanism remains unclear. To elucidate the alterations of cortical activities, resting-state electrophysiological activities were recorded from patients with mild (<30%; n = 10; age 57-85 years), moderate (30% to 50%; n = 11; age 66-88 years), and severe (>50%; n = 8; age 67-91 years) carotid stenosis. The current density and oscillatory power of the cortical sources were analyzed using the minimum norm estimates method combined with fast Fourier transform analysis. Our results indicate that the cortical current density among regions of the brain was similar, irrespective of the degree of carotid stenosis. With regard to the cortical oscillations, augmented theta activities in the bilateral parietal, left temporal, and left occipital regions and attenuated alpha activities in the bilateral frontal and right central regions were obtained in patients with severe asymptomatic carotid stenosis. We suggest that the source-based cortical oscillations at theta and alpha bands might reflect the alterations of the brain activities and characterize the altered neurophysiological mechanism of the brain with at least 50% occlusion of the carotid artery. Further longitudinal studies with larger populations are warranted to verify the present findings.
Nanoelectronics: silicon technology roadmap and emerging nanoelectronics technology in Taiwan

This article presents the current research and development of nanoelectronics in Taiwan and its roadmaps. The focus of the nonelectronics is placed on the semiconductor memories, such as volatile DRAMs, nonvolatile MRAMs and OUMs, and CMOS organic electronics. The vision of the National nanoelectronics R&D program is to enhance the technology development of next generation semiconductor memories for the products of high-speed, high-density, and low-power applications, and to establish the world-class nanoelectronics R&D platform supporting local semiconductor manufacturers to develop advanced technology for next generation semiconductor ICs. This article reviews the major features of Taiwan's IC industry, and its current development.
Energy-Efficient Sub-Carrier and Power Allocation in Cloud-Based Cellular Network With Ambient RF Energy Harvesting

Due to the limited battery energy of mobile devices, the issue of energy-efficient resource allocation has drawn significant interest in the mobile cloud computing area. Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) is an innovative way to provide electrical energy for mobile devices. Extensive research on the resource allocation problem is conducted in SWIPT systems. However, most previous works mainly focus on energy harvesting over a relatively narrow frequency range. Due to small amounts of energy harvested by the users, the practical implementations are usually limited to low power devices. In this paper, an energy-efficient uplink resource allocation problem is investigated in a cloud-based cellular network with ambient radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting. In order to obtain sufficient energy, a broadband rectenna is equipped at the user device to harvest ambient RF energy over six frequency bands at the same time. From the viewpoint of service arrival in the ambient transmitter, a new energy arrival model is presented. The joint problem of sub-carrier and power allocation is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem. The objective is to maximize the energy efficiency while satisfying the energy consumption constraint and the total data rate requirement. In order to reduce the computational complexity, a suboptimal solution to the optimization problem is derived by employing a quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm. Simulation results show that more energy can be harvested by the user devices compared with narrow band SWIFT systems, and the QPSO method achieves higher energy efficiency than a conventional particle swarm optimization approach.
The Influence of Cuff Material on the Blood Flow Restriction Stimulus in the Upper Body: 3704 Board #143 June 4, 9: 30 AM - 11: 00 AM.

DISCUSSION: Using between-limb comparisons the present single-case study demonstrate that chronic exercise-induced BFR due to arterio-venous shunting led to a marked up-regulation in myogenic satellite cell activity within all stages of the cell cycle, which was accompanied by substantial muscle hypertrophy. Specifically, muscle fiber cross-sectional area (40%) and myonuclei number (15%) were elevated in the affected leg, together with an elevated myonuclear domain (20%). This single-case study confirms previous result from our Lab demonstrating that blood-flow restricted muscle exercise leads to a marked activation of myogenic SCs, upregulated myonuclei number and marked myofiber hypertrophy.
Experience-Enhanced Learning: One Size Still does not Fit All in Automatic Database

Recent years, the database committee has attempted to develop automatic database management systems. Although some researches show that the applying AI to data management is a significant and promising direction, there still exists many problems in implementing these techniques to real applications (long training time, various environments and unstable performance). In this paper, we discover that traditional rule based methods have the potential to solve the above problems. We propose three methodologies for improving learned methods, i.e. label collection for efficiently pre-training, knowledge base for model transfer and theoretical guarantee for stable performance. We implement our methodologies on two widely used learning approaches, deep learning and reinforcement learning. Firstly, the novel experience enhanced deep learning (EEDL) could achieve efficient training and stable performance. We evaluate EEDL with cardinality estimation, an essential database management. The experimental results on four real dataset [1] show that our EEDL could outperforms the general DL model [2]. Secondly, we design a novel experience-enhanced reinforcement learning (EERL), which could efficiently converge and has better performance than general RL models [3]. We test EERL with online index tuning task. The experiments on TPC-H shows that EERL could accelerate the convergence of agent and generate better solution that generalizes the reinforcement learning.
Layout considerations in power amplifiers with negative parallel feedback

In this paper, we discuss layout problems encountered in power amplifiers with negative parallel feedback. We show how to reduce the risk of an unstable power amplifier (PA) by careful layouting without the use of additional elements and thus chip area. Optimised vs. non-optimised layouting are compared and verified with fabricated ICs. Finally a PA with large signal bandwidth of 1.9 GHz at a design frequency of 2.6 GHz using negative feedback in a standard 250 nm BiCMOS technology is introduced. An efficiency of 34% and an output power of 26.9dBm at the 1 dB compression point were measured.
Crystallization of the yeast MATalpha2/MCM1/DNA ternary complex: general methods and principles for protein/DNA cocrystallization.

We describe our efforts to crystallize binary MCM1/DNA and ternary MATalpha2/MCM1/DNA complexes, including the unsuccessful attempts to crystallize MCM1/DNA complexes and the successful design of DNA crystal packing that resulted in high-resolution crystals of the MATalpha2/MCM1/DNA complex. We detail general procedures useful for preparing protein/DNA cocrystals, including improved methods for producing and purifying DNA-binding proteins and DNA fragments, for purifying protein/DNA complexes, and for controlling pH conditions during crystallization. We also describe the rational design of DNA for protein/DNA cocrystallization attempts, based on our analysis of how straight and bent DNA with single base-pair overhangs can pack end-to-end in a crystal.
Constrained Deep One-Class Feature Learning For Classifying Imbalanced Medical Images

Medical image data are usually imbalanced across different classes. One-class classification has attracted increasing attention to address the data imbalance problem by distinguishing the samples of the minority class from the majority class. Previous methods generally aim to either learn a new feature space to map training samples together or to fit training samples by autoencoder-like models. These methods mainly focus on capturing either compact or descriptive features, where the information of the samples of a given one class is not sufficiently utilized. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning-based method to learn compact features by adding constraints on the bottleneck features, and to preserve descriptive features by training an autoencoder at the same time. Through jointly optimizing the constraining loss and the autoencoder's reconstruction loss, our method can learn more relevant features associated with the given class, making the majority and minority samples more distinguishable. Experimental results on three clinical datasets (including the MRI breast images, FFDM breast images and chest X-ray images) obtains state-of-art performance compared to previous methods.
Teaching English Language Learners: What the Research Does - And Does Not - Say

Should students who are learning English spend the school day in classes where only English is spoken? Or should they be taught reading and other academic skills and content in their native language? Or should their classes be primarily in English, but include some explanations or materials in their native language? If their native language is to be used, how much native language instruction should they receive and for what purposes? And aren’t there other issues we need to consider, aside from language of instruction? ese are important questions, and anyone who can provide a quick answer is surely oversimplifying the issues. Some English language learners (ELLs) do not speak a word of English and are not literate in their native language. Others have some conversational English, but are not yet #uent, and in their native language they are not only literate, but have mastered a great deal of academic content. ere will probably never be a formula for educating ELLs, just as there is no formula for educating students who already know English. What we can do is provide guidelines based on our strongest research about e$ective practices for teaching ELLs. It’s time to move beyond charged debates and all-too-certain answers. What students need is for educators and policymakers to take a more in-depth look, starting with what existing research does—and does not—say. In this article, Claude Goldenberg walks us through the major %ndings of two recent reviews of the research on educating ELLs. Given all the strong opinions one sees in newspaper op-eds, readers may be surprised to discover how little is actually known. What’s certain is that if we conducted more research with ELLs, and paid more attention to the research that exists, we would be in a much better position. And so, we bring you this article with four goals in mind. First, we hope that everyone who engages in debates about educating ELLs will become a little more knowledgeable and, therefore, will start taking a little more nuanced positions. Second, we wish to spur more research (and more funding for more research). ird, to keep the snake-oil salesmen at bay, we think it’s best for educators to know what existing research cannot support. And fourth, we believe that what has been reasonably well established is worth knowing.
Unravelling adherence to prophylaxis in haemophilia: a patients’ perspective

Given the lifelong therapy in haemophilia patients, insight in non‐adherence behaviour from a patient perspective is important to understand patients’ difficulties with the following treatment recommendations. The aim of this study was to clarify the process underlying adherence (behaviour) to prophylactic treatment, from a patients’ perspective. To develop a grounded theory, a qualitative study using individual in‐depth interviews was performed to understand experiences, perceptions and beliefs concerning adherence to prophylaxis. From two Dutch treatment centres, 21 adults with haemophilia using prophylaxis were interviewed. Patients were asked how they experience their task to administer prophylaxis and how they adhere to this. The interviews were transcribed, coded and analysed in an iterative process, leading to the development of the grounded theory. Adherence was determined by the position of prophylaxis in life. The position of prophylaxis was determined by the perception of prophylaxis and the ability to exert prophylaxis. Patients’ perception was influenced by two main factors: acceptance of haemophilia and feeling/fearing symptoms. The ability to exert prophylaxis was influenced by understanding haemophilia and prophylaxis and planning/infusion skills. The combination of different perceptions and skills led to four main positions of prophylaxis in life: (i) prophylaxis integrated in life, (ii) prophylaxis according to doctors’ advice, struggling with irregular situations, (iii) prophylaxis is too much to handle, (iv) prophylaxis is a confrontation with illness. The adherence level gradually decreased from position 1 to 4. This information can be used to design tailored interventions to promote adherence.
Learning styles comparison based on a classification methodology

Learning styles have been used to explain students' differences in approaching their learning, but there are still deficiencies in interpreting the results of their application, and there are authors that indicate that there are no elements that support their credibility in achievement-based education. For this reason, we proposed a methodology to analyze the results obtained after the application of the test of learning styles. Our methodology is designed in four steps: identify the population and its characteristics, establish the time for the samples, determine the existing conglomerates in the population and to extract the characteristics of the constructed conglomerates. To evaluate the this aproach, the methodology was applied and validated by the Felder and Silverman's dichotomous test vs its diffuse version in an adult population in continuous formation and we found evidence that there are external aspects to those evaluated by the traditional learning styles instruments that could influence the changes of preferences over time.