Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The cAMP–Protein Kinase A Signal Transduction Pathway Modulates Ethanol Consumption and Sedative Effects of Ethanol

Ethanol and other drugs of abuse modulate cAMP–PKA signaling within the mesolimbic reward pathway. To understand the role of the cAMP–PKA signal transduction in mediating the effects of ethanol, we have studied ethanol consumption and the sedative effects of ethanol in three lines of genetically modified mice. We report that mice with the targeted disruption of one Gsα allele as well as mice with reduced neuronal PKA activity have decreased alcohol consumption compared with their wild-type littermates. Genetic reduction of cAMP–PKA signaling also makes mice more sensitive to the sedative effects of ethanol, although plasma ethanol concentrations are unaffected. In contrast, mice with increased adenylyl cyclase activity resulting from the transgenic expression of a constitutively active form of Gsα in neurons within the forebrain are less sensitive to the sedative effects of ethanol. Thus, the cAMP–PKA signal transduction pathway is critical in modulating sensitivity to the sedative effects of ethanol as well as influencing alcohol consumption.
Comparison of Two Highly Automated ECG Algorithms for Detection of Drug‐Induced Cardiac Ion Channel Block

US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) investigators recently demonstrated in a crossover study that early (J‐Tpeakc) and late (Tpeak–Tend) repolarization duration can differentiate selective potassium block with a high arrhythmia risk from multichannel block with lower risk in subjects receiving dofetilide, verapamil, quinidine, or ranolazine. The purpose of this study was to determine if the findings by the FDA using their published software algorithm could be corroborated using an alternative software algorithm for the same metrics and to determine if methodological differences resulted in clinically meaningful differences in interpretation. Exposure–response relationships computed with linear mixed effects models and mean maximal effects on ECG intervals measured by the two algorithms were similar, corroborating the FDA findings, but with some differences in the modeled slopes and magnitude of changes. The alternative software resulted in an average 25% reduction in the 95% confidence intervals of the mixed effects models with generally lower Akaike Information Criterion values.
Proactive MDP-based collision avoidance algorithm for autonomous cars

This paper considers a decision making problem of an autonomous car driving through the intersection with the presence of human-driving cars. A proactive collision avoidance system based on a learning-based MDP model is proposed in contrast to a reactive system. This approach allows to pose the question as an optimization problem. The proposed learning algorithm explicitly describes the interaction with the environment through a probabilistic transition model. The effectiveness of this concept is supported by a variety of simulations which include driving behaviors with Gaussian-distributed velocity, random actions and real human driving.
The Amnesias: A Clinical Textbook of Memory Disorders

1. Phenomenon and Constructs 2. Putative Brain Mechanisms of the Various Memory Function 3. Age-related Memory Decline 4. Amnesia Associated with the Dementias 5. Semantic Amnesia 6. Limbic Amnesia 7. Traumatic Amnesia 8. Transient Global Amnesia 9. Transient Eplieptic Amnesia 10. Electroconvulsive Therapy-Induced Amnesia 11. Psychogenic Amnesias 12. Notes for a Theory of Memory Appendix: Neuropsychological Tests
The design and application of dynamic fuzzy expert database system

A dynamic fuzzy expert database system is a combination of a dynamic fuzzy database and the expert system. This paper proposes the methods of designing a DF expert database system. Then we design a teacher evaluation DF expert database system by using the techniques. Practice shows that the application of dynamic fuzzy database in the expert system not only extends functions of the normal database system, but also resolves dynamic fuzzy problems efficiently.
Finding Almost-Perfect Graph Bisections

We give a polynomial time algorithm that given a graph which admits a bisection cutting a fraction (1 − e) of edges, finds a bisection cutting a (1 − g(e)) fraction of edges where g(e) → 0 as e→ 0. One can take g(e) = O( 3 √ e log(1/e)). Previously known algorithms for Max Bisection could only guarantee finding a bisection that cuts a fraction of edges bounded away from 1 (in fact less than 3/4) in such graphs. The known Unique-Games hardness results for Max Cut imply that one cannot achieve g(e) 6 C √ e for some absolute constant C. Likewise, for the Min Bisection problem, if the graph has a bisection cutting at most e-fraction of the edges, our methods enable finding a bisection cutting at most O( 3 √ e log(1/e))-fraction of the edges. The algorithms can also find cuts that are nearly-balanced (say with imbalance of at most 0.01) with value at least 1 − O( √ e) (for Max Bisection) and at most O( √ e) (for Min Bisection). These guarantees are optimal up to constant factors in the O( √ e) term under the Unique Games and related conjectures. Our general approach is simple to describe: First, we show how to solve the problems if the graph is an expander or if the graph consists of many disjoint components, each of small measure. Then, we show that every graph can be decomposed into disjoint components that are either expanders or have small measure, and how the cuts on different pieces may be merged appropriately.
Effects of a Peer Program on International Student Adjustment.

Newly admitted international graduate and undergraduate students, the majority of whom come from Asian countries, participated in an International Peer Program (IPP). Of these students, 28 IPP participants’ campus resource use and Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) (Baker & Siryk, 1989a) scores were compared to those of 32 international students who did not participate in the peer program. Results suggest that the IPP participants showed significantly higher social adjustment scores than the nonparticipants. Additionally, students from Asian countries had more difficulty adjusting to campus life than international students from non-Asian countries.
Potts Model on the Case Fillers for Word Sense Disambiguation

We propose a new method for word sense disambiguation for verbs. In our method, sense-dependent selectional preference of verbs is obtained through the probabilistic model on the lexical network. The meanfield approximation is employed to compute the state of the lexical network. The outcome of the computation is used as features for discriminative classifiers. The method is evaluated on the dataset of the Japanese word sense disambiguation.
On the estimation of radar polarization orientation shifts induced by terrain slopes

In recent studies, D. L. Schuler et al. (2000) applied polarimetric imaging radar-derived orientation angles to measure topography, and J. S. Lee et al. (2000) used orientation angles for polarimetric SAR data compensation, to ensure accurate estimation of geophysical parameters in rugged terrain areas. To support these applications, it is important to accurately estimate shifts in orientation angles induced by the azimuth slope variations. However, in many cases, inconsistency in the estimation of orientation angle shifts was encountered in several areas, introducing noisy and erroneous results. The present authors develop a unified analysis of estimation algorithms based on the circular polarization covariance matrix. The concept of reflection symmetry is used to explain the soundness of the circular polarization method and to show problems associated with other algorithms. L-band polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of Camp Roberts, CA, are used to substantiate this theory.
The transcription factor Bcl11b is specifically expressed in group 2 innate lymphoid cells and is essential for their development

Yu et al. demonstrate that the transcription factor Bcl11b is specifically expressed in mouse innate lymphoid progenitors committed to the ILC2 lineage and is required for their development. Bcl11b-deficient mice exhibit a complete lack of ILC2 development, which is confirmed by immune challenges with either papain treatment or influenza virus infection.
Effect of Vancomycin Therapy for Osteomyelitis on Colonization by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Lack of Emergence of Glycopeptide Resistance

Abstract Background: In treating orthopedic infections, the long-term impact of vancomycin therapy on colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the emergence of vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus is unknown. Design: Prospective surveillance of the effect of long-term vancomycin therapy on colonization by MRSA and the emergence of vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus. Methods: Thirty-four patients with MRSA osteomyelitis that was microbiologically documented were longitudinally observed for the emergence of vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus at 3 body sites (wound, anterior nares, and groin) during the initial period of vancomycin therapy and at the 2-month follow-up. Twenty patients received the standard dose (20 mg/kg/d) for 34 ± 6 days and 14 patients received a high dose (40 mg/kg/d) of vancomycin for 37 ± 9 days. Results: During vancomycin treatment, global MRSA carriage (all body sites) fell from 100% to 25% in the group of patients receiving the standard dose of vancomycin, and from 100% to 40% in the group receiving the high dose. During the 2-month follow-up period after vancomycin therapy, global MRSA carriage increased from 25% to 55% in the group receiving the standard dose and decreased from 43% to 36% in the group receiving the high dose. Conclusion: Therapy with a high dose of vancomycin contributes to the sustained eradication of MRSA carriage without promoting the emergence of glycopeptide resistance.
Perioperative Antibiotics Should Not Be Withheld in Proven Cases of Periprosthetic Infection

Intraoperative tissue or fluid culture remains the gold standard in diagnosing periprosthetic infection. However, an organism is not always isolated from intraoperative cultures. We asked whether preoperative antibiotics interfered with the isolation of organisms from intraoperative tissue samples. We hypothesized organisms isolated from preoperative joint aspirate correspond to those cultures from intraoperative specimens. We retrospectively reviewed 171 patients undergoing TKA, diagnosed with periprosthetic infections from 2000 to 2005, who had a positive preoperative aspiration culture. The details of any antibiotics given to the patients preoperatively were documented. Seventy-two of 171 patients received preoperative antibiotics before surgery. Intraoperative culture was negative in nine of the 72 patients who received antibiotics: a false-negative rate of 12.5%. An organism could not be isolated from intraoperative samples in eight of the 99 patients who did not receive preoperative antibiotics: a false-negative rate of 8%. We observed no difference in the incidence of false-negative cultures between the two groups. The organisms isolated from the aspirate culture were identical to their intraoperative counterparts in 97% of the cases. Administration of preoperative antibiotics to patients with a positive preoperative joint aspirate did not interfere with the isolation of the infecting organism from intraoperative culture samples more than when antibiotics were withheld. Level of Evidence: Level III, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Lipid values in Kalahari bushmen.

Samples of the plasma from nine male adult bushmen were analyzed for their lipid content. The mean results obtained (total cholesterol = 77 mg/100 ml, phospholipids = 107 mg/100 ml, and triglycerides= 49 mg/100 ml) were extremely low. The probable reasons for this finding are the very low dietary fat content and habitually high physical activity of Kalahari bushmen.
Reachability over word rewriting systems

Word rewriting systems have been studied over the last century under several aspects. In the beginning, they were considered as a framework for the representation of computation processes and as a tool for generating formal languages. In more recent years, they have also been investigated as a mechanism to represent infinite graphs by a finite formalism. This thesis has its main focus in the latter domain. In the first part of the thesis, we investigate mixed prefix/ suffix rewriting (MPSR) systems, which combine prefix and suffix rewriting in a nondeterministic way. We study central algorithmic properties of the graphs that can be generated by such systems, with an emphasis on the reachability problem (as a master problem in model-checking), and we determine the connection between the classes of such graphs and other well-studied graph classes, such as the classes of prefix recognizable and of automatic graphs. Furthermore, we study the class of trace languages of graphs that are generated by MPSR systems, and we show that this class strictly includes the class of contextfree languages, and is itself properly included in the class of context-sensitive languages. In the second part of the thesis, we introduce and investigate tagged infix rewriting (TIR) systems, which extend the MPSR systems, and which use special markers for a restricted form of infix rewriting. We show that in their basic form, where the markers may not be rewritten, TIR and MPSR systems share a number of model-checking properties, and we obtain analogous results concerning their trace languages. We also study two variants of TIR systems. For the first, where markers may be removed by rewriting steps, we show that such systems preserve regularity of languages under rewriting, by adapting the saturation method as known for pushdown systems. In the second variant, where markers may be added by rewriting steps, this does not hold; however, we show that an algorithmic reachability analysis is still possible.
The Way We Really Are: Coming To Terms With America's Changing Families

Introduction Getting Past the Sound Bites: How History and Sociology Can Help Todays Families What We Really Miss about the 1950s Why Working Mothers Are Here to Stay The Future of Marriage Putting Divorce in Perspective How Holding on to Tradition Sets Families Back Looking for Someone to Blame: Families and Economic Change How Ignoring Historical and Societal Change Puts Kids at Risk Working with What Weve Got: The Strengths and Vulnerabilities of Todays Families.
AtomServ Architecture: Towards Internet-scaled Service Publish, Subscription, and Discovery

With the surge of SOA-based infrastructure and applications, increasingly end users and small-medium-enterprises directly participate in the service publish and discovery across the Internet. The recent shutdown of public UDDI exposes critical problems of existing Internet-based service discovery. Hence, public service discovery becomes a central SOA issue. In this paper, we present a light weight service discovery architecture built upon widely-adopted WWW technologies and proven software architectural styles. Firstly, it provides a handy discovery facility for personal Web services providers and consumers, who would not be expected to able to use complex UDDI specifications with dedicated endpoint computing capability. Secondly, it widens the adoption of service discovery by allowing simple and uniform Web user interfaces (e.g. Internet Explorer 7.0 and Firefox 1.1) to subscribe and access frequently changing business services. This undoubtedly lowers the entry barrier for end users to play the role of service providers or consumers in a sheer service-oriented environment across the Internet
The Essential Difference: Male And Female Brains And The Truth About Autism

We all know the opposite sex can be a baffling, even infuriating, species. Why do most men use the phone to exchange information rather than have a chat? Why do women love talking about relationships and feelings with their girlfriends while men seem drawn to computer games, new gadgets, or the latest sports scores? Does it really all just come down to our upbringing? In The Essential Difference, leading psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen confirms what most of us had suspected all along: that male and female brains are different. This groundbreaking and controversial study reveals the scientific evidence (present even in one-day-old babies) that proves that female-type brains are better at empathizing and communicating, while male brains are stronger at understanding and building systems-not just computers and machinery, but abstract systems such as politics and music. Most revolutionary of all, The Essential Difference also puts forward the compelling new theory that autism (and its close relative, Asperger's Syndrome) is actually an example of the extreme male brain. His theory can explain why those who live with this condition are brilliant at analyzing the most complex systems yet cannot relate to the emotional lives of those with whom they live. Understanding our essential difference, Baron-Cohen concludes, may help us not only make sense of our partners' foibles, but also solve one of the most mysterious scientific riddles of our time.
ErbB2 Activation Upregulates Glutaminase 1 Expression Which Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation

Active glutamine utilization is critical for tumor cell proliferation. Glutaminolysis represents the first and rate‐limiting step of glutamine utilization and is catalyzed by glutaminase (GLS). Activation of ErbB2 is one of the major causes of breast cancers, the second most common cause of death for women in many countries. However, it remains unclear whether ErbB2 signaling affects glutaminase expression in breast cancer cells. In this study, we show that MCF10A‐NeuT cell line has higher GLS1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels than its parental line MCF10A, and knockdown of ErbB2 decreases GLS1 expression in MCF10A‐NeuT cells. We further show that in these cells, ErbB2‐mediated upregulation of GLS1 is not correlated to c‐Myc expression. Moreover, activation of neither PI3K‐Akt nor MAPK pathway is sufficient to upregulate GLS1 expression. Interestingly, inhibition of NF‐κB blocks ErbB2‐stimulated GLS1 expression, whereas stimulation of NF‐κB is sufficient to enhance GLS1 levels in MCF10A cells, suggesting a PI3K‐Akt‐independent activation of NF‐κB upregulates GLS1 in ErbB2‐positive breast cancer cells. Finally, knockdown or inhibition of GLS1 significantly decreased the proliferation of breast cancer cells with high GLS1 levels. Taken together, our data indicate that ErbB2 activation promotes GLS1 expression via a PI3K‐Akt‐independent NF‐κB pathway in breast cancer cells, identifying another oncogenic signaling pathway which stimulates GLS1 expression, and thus promoting glutamine utilization in cancer cells. These findings, if validated by in vivo model, may facilitate the identification of novel biochemical targets for cancer prevention and therapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 498–509, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog design. Structure-function studies toward the development of agonists and antagonists: rationale and perspective.

Introduction ON JUNE 24, 1971, Andrew V. Schally announced the determination of the primary structure of porcine GnRH at The Endocrine Society Meeting in San Francisco. This announcement was followed by publications by Matsuo et al. (1, 2) and Baba et al. (3) on the proposed amino acid sequence for porcine GnRH and its synthesis and by Burgus et al. (4) who characterized ovine GnRH and found the sequence to be identical with that of porcine GnRH. The physiological and therapeutic importance attributed to the discovery of the new substance was greatly increased by the prospect of the design of potent and long acting GnRH agonists and antagonists. Since that time more than 2000 analogs of GnRH have been synthesized. The impact of research of GnRH and its analogs on clinical medicine recently led Ziporyn (5) to note, “There's almost no subspecialty of medicine that will be left untouched by the [research] advances associated with LHRH or its analogs. ” It is the intent of this article to provide a historical .
A Novel Grading System for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Incorporating Tumor Necrosis

Grading of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has prognostic significance, and there is recent consensus by the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) that for clear cell and papillary RCC, grading should primarily be based on nucleolar prominence. Microscopic tumor necrosis also predicts outcome independent of tumor grading. This study was undertaken to assess whether the incorporation of microscopic tumor necrosis into the ISUP grading system provides survival information superior to ISUP grading alone. Data on 3017 patients treated surgically for clear cell RCC, 556 for papillary RCC, and 180 for chromophobe RCC were retrieved from the Mayo Clinic Registry. Median follow-up periods were 8.9, 9.7, and 8.5 years, respectively. Four proposed grades were defined: grade 1: ISUP grade 1+ISUP grade 2 without necrosis; grade 2: ISUP grade 2 with necrosis+ISUP grade 3 without necrosis; grade 3: ISUP grade 3 with necrosis+ISUP grade 4 without necrosis; grade 4: ISUP grade 4 with necrosis or sarcomatoid/rhabdoid tumors. There was a significant difference in survival between each of the grades for clear cell RCC, and the concordance index was superior to that of ISUP grading. The proposed grading system also outperformed the ISUP grading system when cases were stratified according to the TNM stage. Similar results were not obtained for papillary RCC or chromophobe RCC. We conclude that grading for clear cell RCC should be based on nucleolar prominence and necrosis, that ISUP grading should be used for papillary RCC, and that chromophobe RCC should not be graded.