Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A simple, safe reconfigurable object model with loosely-coupled communication

Dynamic changes in open distributed environments damage the continuous execution of distributed objects. A distributed environment consisting of reconfigurable distributed objects would have higher reliability and availability, and a greater resilience to unexpected requirement changes. In this paper, we propose a reconfigurable, object model that dynamically changes the object's behavior to fit the current environment by modifying its internal structure. The proposed object consists of communicating concurrent meta-objects. Each meta-object contains functions for adaptation, remote communication, and administration. Therefore, this model provides the required separation of concerns (SoC). Generative communication, which allows meta-object communication, gives the proposed reconfigurable objects the following characteristics: flexibility; ability of allowing a variety of configurations; safety that ensures consistency; and a unification of state preservation and communication. The proposed object model was successfully implemented in a middleware framework called Juice 2.
Contrasting Histories of G 6 PD Molecular Evolution and Malarial Resistance in Humans and Chimpanzees

Although mutations in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene result in several blood-related diseases in humans, they also confer resistance to malarial infection. This association between G6PD and malaria was supported by population genetic analyses of the G6PD locus, which indicated that these mutations may have recently risen in frequency in certain geographic regions as a result of positive selection. Here we characterize nucleotide sequence variation in a 5.2-kb region of the G6PD locus in a population sample of 56 chimpanzees, as well as among 7 other nonhuman primates, to compare with that in humans in determining whether other primates that are impacted by malaria also exhibit patterns of G6PD polymorphism or divergence consistent with positive selection. We find that chimpanzees have several amino acid variants but that the overall pattern at G6PD in chimpanzees, as well as in Old and New World primates in general, can be explained by recent purifying selection as well as strong functional constraint dating back to at least 30–40 MYA. These comparative analyses suggest that the recent signature of positive selection at G6PD in humans is unique.
Pterostilbene, a Methoxylated Resveratrol Derivative, Efficiently Eradicates Planktonic, Biofilm, and Intracellular MRSA by Topical Application

Pterostilbene is a methoxylated derivative of resveratrol originated from natural sources. We investigated the antibacterial activity of pterostilbene against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the feasibility of using it to treat cutaneous bacteria. The antimicrobial effect was evaluated using an in vitro culture model and an in vivo mouse model of cutaneous infection. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay demonstrated a superior biocidal activity of pterostilbene compared to resveratrol (8~16-fold) against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and clinically isolated vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA). Pterostilbene was found to reduce MRSA biofilm thickness from 18 to 10 μm as detected by confocal microscopy. Pterostilbene showed minimal toxicity to THP-1 cells and was readily engulfed by the macrophages, facilitating the eradication of intracellular MRSA. Pterostilbene exhibited increased skin absorption over resveratrol by 6-fold. Topical pterostilbene application improved the abscess formation produced by MRSA by reducing the bacterial burden and ameliorating the skin architecture. The potent anti-MRSA capability of pterostilbene was related to bacterial membrane leakage, chaperone protein downregulation, and ribosomal protein upregulation. This mechanism of action was different from that of resveratrol according to proteomic analysis and molecular docking. Pterostilbene has the potential to serve as a novel class of topically applied agents for treating MRSA infection in the skin while demonstrating less toxicity to mammalian cells.
Finescale Radar and Airmass Structure of the Comma Head of a Continental Winter Cyclone: The Role of Three Airstreams

AbstractData from airborne W-band radar, thermodynamic fields from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, and air parcel back trajectories from the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model are used to investigate the finescale reflectivity, vertical motion, and airmass structure of the comma head of a winter cyclone that produced 15–25 cm of snow across the U.S. Midwest on 29–30 January 2010.The comma head consisted of three vertically stacked air masses: from bottom to top, an arctic air mass of Canadian origin, a moist cloud-bearing air mass of Gulf of Mexico origin, and a drier air mass originating mostly at low altitudes over Baja California and the Mexican Plateau. The drier air mass capped the entire comma head and significantly influenced precipitation distribution and type across the storm, limiting cloud depth on the warm side, and creating instability with respect to ice-saturated ascent, cloud-top generating cells, and a seeder–feeder process on the col.
NEW DIRECTIONAL GROUND-FAULT ELEMENTS IMPROVE SENSITIVITY IN UNGROUNDED AND COMPENSATED NETWORKS

This paper introduces two new directional elements for determining ground fault direction in ungrounded and compensated distribution networks. These elements only require information from the protected feeder and provide very high sensitivity. First, we review the basic characteristics of these distribution networks. Next we analyze the steady-state operation of a ungrounded and compensated system in the phaseand symmetrical-component domains under ground fault conditions and describe existing methods for detecting ground faults in these systems. We conclude by introducing new fault detection methods for compensated systems and show how those methods are implemented with modern relay technology. INTRODUCTION Ungrounded systems have no intentional ground. For a ground fault on these systems, the only path for ground current to flow is through the distributed line-to-ground capacitance of the surrounding system and of the two remaining un-faulted phases of the faulted circuit. In resonant-grounded or compensated distribution networks the system is grounded through a variable impedance reactor, which compensates the system phase-to-ground capacitance. The reactor, known as the Petersen coil, permits adjustment of the inductance value to preserve the tuning condition of the system for different network topologies. Because ground faults in ungrounded and compensated systems do not affect the phase-to-phase voltage triangle, it is then possible to continue operating either system in the faulted condition. The system must have a phase-to-phase insulation level and all loads must be connected phase-to-phase. Resonant grounding provides self-extinction of the arc in overhead lines for about 80 percent of temporary ground faults [1]. Considering that about 80 percent of ground faults are temporary faults, we conclude that more than 60 percent of ground faults in overhead lines clear without breaker tripping. Ground faults represent more than 50 percent of all faults in overhead lines. Ground relays for these systems require high relay sensitivity because the fault current is very low compared to solidly grounded systems. Most ground-fault detection methods use fundamental-frequency voltage and current components. The wattmetric method [2], [3] is a common directional element solution, but its sensitivity is limited to fault resistances no higher than a few kilohms. Other fundamental-frequency methods (such as the admittance method [4], [5]), provide increased sensitivity but require information about all feeders and/or the possibility of making control actions on the Petersen coil. There are also methods that use the steady-state harmonic content of current and voltage to detect ground faults [6], [7]. Another group of methods detects the fault-generated transient components of voltage and current [6], [8]. These methods have limited sensitivity, because high-resistance faults reduce the level of the steady-state harmonics and damp the transient components of voltage and current.
Real-time preprocessing for dense 3-D range imaging on the GPU: Defect interpolation, bilateral temporal averaging and guided filtering

Recent advances in range imaging (RI) have enabled dense 3-D scene acquisition in real-time. However, due to physical limitations and the underlying range sampling principles, range data are subject to noise and may contain invalid measurements. Hence, data preprocessing is a prerequisite for practical applications but poses a challenge with respect to real-time constraints. In this paper, we propose a generic and modality-independent pipeline for efficient RI data preprocessing on the graphics processing unit (GPU). The contributions of this work are efficient GPU implementations of normalized convolution for the restoration of invalid measurements, bilateral temporal averaging for dynamic scenes, and guided filtering for edge-preserving denoising. Furthermore, we show that the transformation from range measurements to 3-D world coordinates can be computed efficiently on the GPU. The pipeline has been evaluated on real data from a Time-of-Flight sensor and Microsoft's Kinect. In a run-time performance study, we show that for VGA-resolution data, our preprocessing pipeline runs at ∼100 fps on an off-the-shelf consumer GPU.
Autonomic neural control of heart rate during dynamic exercise: revisited

The accepted model of autonomic control of heart rate (HR) during dynamic exercise indicates that the initial increase is entirely attributable to the withdrawal of parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) activity and that subsequent increases in HR are entirely attributable to increases in cardiac sympathetic activity. In the present review, we sought to re‐evaluate the model of autonomic neural control of HR in humans during progressive increases in dynamic exercise workload. We analysed data from both new and previously published studies involving baroreflex stimulation and pharmacological blockade of the autonomic nervous system. Results indicate that the PSNS remains functionally active throughout exercise and that increases in HR from rest to maximal exercise result from an increasing workload‐related transition from a 4 : 1 vagal–sympathetic balance to a 4 : 1 sympatho–vagal balance. Furthermore, the beat‐to‐beat autonomic reflex control of HR was found to be dependent on the ability of the PSNS to modulate the HR as it was progressively restrained by increasing workload‐related sympathetic nerve activity. In conclusion: (i) increases in exercise workload‐related HR are not caused by a total withdrawal of the PSNS followed by an increase in sympathetic tone; (ii) reciprocal antagonism is key to the transition from vagal to sympathetic dominance, and (iii) resetting of the arterial baroreflex causes immediate exercise‐onset reflexive increases in HR, which are parasympathetically mediated, followed by slower increases in sympathetic tone as workloads are increased.
DEVELOPING A MODEL THAT REFLECTS OUTCOMES OF TENNIS MATCHES

Many tennis models that occur in the literature assume the probability of winning a point on service is constant. We show this assumption is invalid by forecasting outcomes of tennis matches played at the 2003 Australian Open. A revised model is formulated to better reflect the data. The revised model improves predictions overall, particularly for the length of matches and can be used for index betting. Suggestions on further improvements to the predictions are discussed.
Scalable multi-class geospatial object detection in high-spatial-resolution remote sensing images

In this paper we present a conceptually simple but surprisingly effective multi-class geospatial object detection method based on Collection of Part Detectors (COPD), which can be easily scaled to a larger number of object classes. The presented COPD is composed of a set of representative and discriminative part detectors, where each part detector is a linear support vector machine (SVM) classifier trained using a weakly supervised learning method that only requires image labels indicating the presence of objects for the training data. Here, each part detector corresponds to a particular viewpoint of an object class, so the collection of them provides a feasible solution for rotation-invariant and simultaneous detection of multi-class geospatial objects. Comprehensive evaluations on high-spatial-resolution remote sensing images and comparisons with a number of state-of-the-art approaches demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the presented method.
Perspectives of maintenance 1 Putting Relationship Maintenance into Proper Perspectives

Noting that scholars often agree that varying investigations of relationship maintenance are only different mappings of the same territory, this paper organizes and critici7.es the literature on relationship change from a position that defines maintenance as behavior that functions to sustain interpersonal bonds towards future interaction. The paper points out that communication scholars need to study maintenance for two reasons: maintenance is becoming lost in a sea of other user-unfriendly, ubiquitous terms, such as meaning, interpersonal, and relationships; and the understanding of communication as relationships, already biased by the dominating cultural ideal of what both "should" look like, will most likely be further problematized by a term laden in mechanistic and therapeutic symbolism. Using J. N. Capella's frame for organizing interpersonal research inquiry, the paper offers some conditions and direction for research in accordance with the defined construct and the varying perspectives on relationships and relationship change. The major section of the paper reviews the existing literature on relationship maintenance, looking at various issues of concern (such as the cultural biases of research). In closing, the paper calls for additional considerations when studying relationship maintenance in the future: (1) scholars should begin to rethink gender as more than a biological classification; (2) they should remember that power is implicit in many theories, but not considered when devising studies or interpreting results; and (3) they should consider the very real phenomena that influence human relationships when modeling relationship maintenance and change. Contains 61 references. (RS) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Perspectives of maintenance 1 Putting Relationship Maintenance into Proper Perspectives
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Induces an Antitumor Immune Response Mediated by NKG2D Receptor

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a morphogenetic process characterized by the acquisition of mesenchymal properties linked with an invasive phenotype and metastasis of tumor cells. NK group 2, member D (NKG2D) is an NK cell–activating receptor crucially involved in cancer immunosurveillance. In this study, we show that induction of EMT by TGF-β stimulation of human keratinocytes, by glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibition in several epithelial tumor cell lines, and by Snail1 overexpression in colorectal cancer cells strongly upregulated the expression of NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs), MHC class I chain–related molecules A and B (MICA/B) and ULBP1-3. Overexpression of Snail1 and inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in colorectal tumor cells markedly induced the activity of Sp1 transcription factor, which plays a key role in the upregulation of NKG2DL expression during EMT. The stimulation of MICA/B expression by TGF-β treatment was independent of Sp1, but it involved posttranslational mechanisms mediated by mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Accordingly, with the increased expression of NKG2DLs, triggering of EMT rendered cancer cells more susceptible to NKG2D-mediated killing by NK cells. In agreement, MICA/B were expressed in vivo in well-differentiated colorectal tumors with retained epithelial characteristics, whereas no expression of MICA/B was detected in poorly differentiated and invasive colorectal tumors that have lost epithelial characteristics. This decrease of MICA/B expression was associated with a dramatic increase of NKG2D+-tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Overall, our findings indicate that EMT is a relevant checkpoint in the control of tumor progression through NKG2D-mediated immune responses.
Cooling in Intracerebral Hemorrhage (CINCH) Trial: Protocol of a Randomized German–Austrian Clinical Trial

Background Intracerebral hemorrhage accounts for up to 15% of all strokes and is frequently associated with poor functional outcome and high mortality. So far, there is no clear evidence for a specific therapy, apart from general stroke unit or neurointensive care and management of secondary complications. Promising experimental and pilot clinical data support the use of therapeutic hypothermia after intracerebral hemorrhage. Aims The study aims to determine if therapeutic hypothermia improves survival rates and reduces cerebral lesion volume after large intracerebral hemorrhage compared with conventional treatment. Material and methods The Cooling in IntraCerebral Hemorrhage trial is a prospective, multicenter, interventional, randomized, parallel, two-arm (1 : 1) phase II trial with blinded end-point adjudication. Enrolment: 50 patients (age: 18 to 65 years) with large (25 to 64 ml on cranial computertomography), primary intracerebral hemorrhage of the basal ganglia or thalamus within 6 to 18 h after symptom onset are randomly allocated to therapeutic hypothermia for eight-days or conventional temperature management. In the therapeutic hypothermia group, a target temperature of 35·0°C is achieved by endovascular catheters and followed by slow controlled rewarming. Data analysis is based on the intent-to-treat population. The primary outcome measure of the study is the development in total lesion volume on cranial computertomography (intracerebral hemorrhage plus perihemorrhagic edema on day 8 ± 0·5 and day 11 ± 0·5 after intracerebral hemorrhage) and the mortality after 30 days. Secondary end-points are the in-hospital mortality, mortality, and functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale and Barthel-Index) after 90 and 180 days. Safety measures include any adverse events associated with therapeutic hypothermia. Discussion In the face of a lack of evidence-based therapies for patients with large intracerebral hemorrhage, new promising approaches are desperately needed, but need evaluation in randomized controlled trials. Conclusion The results of Cooling in IntraCerebral Hemorrhage trial are believed to directly influence future therapy of large intracerebral hemorrhage.
SEISMIC SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION STUDIES ON MULTISTOREY FRAMES

The Soil Structure Interaction(SSI) effects refer to the influence of the supporting soil medium on the behavior of the structure when it is subjected to various loads. The structure chosen for the pres ent study is a reinforced cement concrete multistorey f ame supported on pile foundations. The surrounding soil medium has been modeled using discrete element s. Li ear elastic analysis has been conducted using the commercial package NISA. It has been observed t hat increase in founding depth enhanses the responses in the frame upto a certain depth. Soil s tructure interaction effects increases the response s in the frame upto the characteristic depth and decreas es when the frame has been treated for the full dep th.
Self-employment as a stepping stone to better labor market matching: a comparison between immigrants and natives

Abstract The paper investigates the relation between overeducation and self-employment, in a comparative analysis between immigrants and natives. Using the EU Labour Force Survey for the year 2012 and controlling for a list of demographic characteristics and general characteristics of 30 destination countries, it finds that the likelihood of being overeducated decreases for self-employed immigrants, with inconclusive results for self-employed natives. The results shed light on the extent to which immigrants adjust to labor market imperfections and barriers to employment and might help explain the higher incidence of self-employment that immigrants exhibit, when compared to natives. This is the first study to systematically study the nexus between overeducation and self-employment in a comparative framework. Moreover, the paper tests the robustness of the results by employing two different measures of overeducation, contributing to the literature of the measurement of overeducation.
Effective search and exploitation of electromagnetic knowledge in the web [EM programmer's notebook]

We all are aware of the huge amount of electromagnetic information and knowledge available in the Web, both in the form of PDF scientific papers, and in other forms (e.g., software, datasets). Similarly, we all have experienced the frustration of searching the Web for papers and other information, and getting useless or unsatisfactory results. All these limitations clearly demonstrate that information technologies (IT) need further progress so as to improve the efficiency of the mentioned processes. Indeed, there is fervid activity around this goal, and some interesting achievements have begun to appear in terms of search effectiveness and navigation satisfaction. Novel formats for representing scientific-paper contents are proposed, enhancing machine processing capability. However, embracing the new information technology proposals requires a cultural change from authors and from editors, and we cannot take it for granted that it will happen in the near future. Moreover, already-published papers should not be left out from approaching Web innovations. In this paper, we therefore focus both on the emerging technologies for generating more searchable files, and on those technologies allowing the transformation of existing PDF files into more-effective formats. These technologies need to be customized to each specific domain, thus rendering the codification of specific electromagnetic (EM) concepts of paramount importance. A use case is proposed on a specific EM example, so as to demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of the proposed approach.