Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A polarimetric investigation of a magnetically driven Be star wind

The Be star wind model of Ringuelet & Iglesias is investigated polarimetrically. By imposing the condition that the scattering optical depth in the equatorial plane be τ = 1, it is found that the theoretical (continuum) linear polarization depends essentially upon two parameters: an optical depth (which is a measure of the envelope oblateness) and the location of the inner boundary of the cool extended envelope. The observed range in polarization can be explained if Be stars possess stellar magnetic fields of B 0 < 1 00 G. According to the model, the observed increase in polarization of Be stars during the onset of a shell phase is indicative of an increased magnetic field
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of 2-(N-((2′-(2H-tetrazole-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4yl)-methyl)-pentanamido)-3-methyl Butanoic Acid Derivatives

This study aimed to evaluate 2-(N-((2′-(2H-tetrazole-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4yl)-methyl)-pentanamido)-3-methyl butanoic acid-based ester derivatives as a new class of angiotensin-II receptor antagonists. For this purpose, a series of compounds were synthesized using a variety of phenols. Their chemical characterization was established by FTIR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR techniques. The biological activities including antioxidant potentials using the DPPH assay, the antihypertensive assay, the urease enzyme inhibition assay, and the antibacterial assay using agar well diffusion methods were performed. All the new compounds showed significant free radical scavenging potentials more than the parent drug while retaining antihypertensive potentials along with urease inhibition properties. However, the AV2 test compound was found to be the most potent against hypertension. Most of the synthesized analogs showed urease inhibitory actions. Molecular docking studies were performed for all the active analogs to decode the binding detail of the ligands with receptors of the enzyme’s active site.
Does past/current pain change pain experience? Comparing self-reports and pupillary responses

Introduction For decades, a substantial body of research has confirmed the subjective nature of pain. Subjectivity seems to be integrated into the concept of pain but is often confined to self-reported pain. Although it seems likely that past and current pain experiences would interact and influence subjective pain reports, the influence of these factors has not been investigated in the context of physiological pain. The current study focused on exploring the influence of past/current pain on self-reporting and pupillary responses to pain. Methods Overall, 47 participants were divided into two groups, a 4°C–10°C group (experiencing major pain first) and a 10°C–4°C group (experiencing minor pain first), and performed cold pressor tasks (CPT) twice for 30 s each. During the two rounds of CPT, participants reported their pain intensity, and their pupillary responses were measured. Subsequently, they reappraised their pain ratings in the first CPT session. Results Self-reported pain showed a significant difference (4°C–10°C: p = 0.045; 10°C–4°C: p < 0.001) in the rating of cold pain stimuli in both groups, and this gap was higher in the 10°C–4°C group than in the 4°C–10°C group. In terms of pupillary response, the 4°C–10°C group exhibited a significant difference in pupil diameter, whereas this was marginally significant in the 10°C–4°C group (4°C–10°C: p < 0.001; 10°C–4°C: p = 0.062). There were no significant changes in self-reported pain after reappraisal in either group. Discussion The findings of the current study confirmed that subjective and physiological responses to pain can be altered by previous experiences of pain.
MODEL SELECTION CRITERIA FOR LOGLINEAR MODELS

Considerable work has been devoted to developing model selection criteria for normal theory regression models. Less attention has been paid to discrete data. We develop two loglinear model selection criteria for Poisson counts. These criteria are based on an estimated bias adjustment of the Akaike information criterion. We observe in a simulation study that the corrected statistics provide good model choices and relatively accurate estimates of the mean structure.
2.5-D wave equations and high-frequency asymptotics

The need for modeling 3-D seismic data in a 2-D setting has motivated investigators to create so‐called 2.5-D modeling methods. One such method proposed by Liner involves the use of an approximate 2.5-D wave operator for constant‐density media. The traveltimes and amplitudes predicted by high‐frequency asymptotic ray series (WKBJ) analysis of the Liner 2.5-D wave equation match those predicted by Bleistein’s 2.5-D ray‐theoretic development in constant wavespeed media. However, high‐frequency analysis indicates that the Liner 2.5-D variable wavespeed equation will have a maximum amplitude error of ±35% in a linear c(z) model where the wavespeed doubles or halves from the beginning to the end of a raypath. These amplitudes are comparable to those produced by converting 2-D data to 2.5-D using correction factors of the type proposed by Emersoy and Oristaglio and Deregowski and Brown, with the exception being that the Liner equation lacks the half derivative waveform correction present in these operators. An .
Dynamics of slowly growing entire functions

Dedicated to George Szekeres on his 90th birthday For a transcendental entire function f let M(r) denote the maximum modulus of f(z) for |z| = r. Then A(r) = log M(r)/logr tends to infinity with r. Many properties of transcendental entire functions with sufficiently small A(r) resemble those of polynomials. However the dynamical properties of iterates of such functions may be very different. For instance in the stable set F(f) where the iterates of f form a normal family the components are preperiodic under f in the case of a polynomial; but there are transcendental functions with arbitrarily small A(r) such that F(f) has nonpreperiodic components, so called wandering components, which are bounded rings in which the iterates tend to infinity. One might ask if all small functions are like this. A striking recent result of Bergweiler and Eremenko shows that there are arbitrarily small transcendental entire functions with empty stable set—a thing impossible for polynomials. By extending the technique of Bergweiler and Eremenko, an arbitrarily small transcendental entire function is constructed such that F is nonempty, every component G of F is bounded, simply-connected and the iterates tend to zero in G. Zero belongs to an invariant component of F, so there are no wandering components. The Julia set which is the complement of F is connected and contains a dense subset of “buried’ points which belong to the boundary of no component of F. This bevaviour is impossible for a polynomial.
Management of Agitation in Behaviours That Challenge in Dementia Care: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Non-Pharmacological Strategies

Objective NICE guidelines recommend non-pharmacological interventions as the first-line approach for the management of behaviours that challenge. Recent work, however, highlights dissatisfaction with the lack of detailed guidance in the national guidelines regarding non-drug interventions. This study examines the views of practitioners regarding non-pharmacological treatments. It further explores perspectives on non-pharmacological strategies used in the management of agitation occurring within episodes of behaviours that challenge. Methods Forty-two experienced practitioners attended a workshop where behaviours that challenge were described as occurring in three phases of agitation, using a framework adapted from the Positive Behaviour Support framework (pre-agitation, triggering and escalating, high level). The participants were asked to populate a template derived from the adapted framework. The completed templates recorded the clinical strategies the participants found useful to (i) prevent the occurrence of agitation, (ii) de-escalate distress and (iii) deal with perceived high levels of agitation. Results The Positive Behaviour Support conceptual framework was perceived by participants as helpful in organising their clinical work. A number of interventions were suggested as preventative strategies: music therapy, doll therapy, physical activity and generic person-centred communication skills to enhance wellbeing. In contrast, de-escalation strategies identified by the participants focused on reducing emotional distress. The approaches for dealing with continued high levels of agitation involved a number of “control and restraint” techniques as well as medication. Conclusion The template allowed specialist multidisciplinary professionals to identify skills for the management of distress and agitated behaviour linked to the respective phase of arousal. The template has scope to guide practitioners to identify the detail needed for the management of behaviours that challenge. The findings have the potential to influence the contents of forthcoming guidelines on alternatives to psychotropics in dementia care.
Anhedonia in Relation to Reward and Effort Learning in Young People with Depression Symptoms

Anhedonia, a central depression symptom, is associated with impairments in reward processing. However, it is not well understood which sub-components of reward processing (anticipation, motivation, consummation, and learning) are impaired in association with anhedonia in depression. In particular, it is unclear how learning about different rewards and the effort needed to obtain them might be associated with anhedonia and depression symptoms. Therefore, we examined learning in young people (N = 132, mean age 20, range 17–25 yrs.) with a range of depression and anhedonia symptoms using a probabilistic instrumental learning task. The task required participants to learn which options to choose to maximize their reward outcomes across three conditions (chocolate taste, puppy images, or money) and to minimize the physical effort required to obtain the rewards. Additionally, we collected questionnaire measures of anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia, as well as subjective reports of “liking”, “wanting” and “willingness to exert effort” for the rewards used in the task. We found that as anticipatory anhedonia increased, subjective liking and wanting of rewards decreased. Moreover, higher anticipatory anhedonia was significantly associated with lower reward learning accuracy, and participants demonstrated significantly higher reward learning than effort learning accuracy. To our knowledge, this is the first study observing an association of anhedonia with reward liking, wanting, and learning when reward and effort learning are measured simultaneously. Our findings suggest an impaired ability to learn from rewarding outcomes could contribute to anhedonia in young people. Future longitudinal research is needed to confirm this and reveal the specific aspects of reward learning that predict anhedonia. These aspects could then be targeted by novel anhedonia interventions.
Attitudes toward and patterns of medication use among people with serious mental illness: There’s more than meets the eye

Background and aim There are growing concerns about the long-term effects of psychiatric medication after a major psychiatric crisis. Recent evidence shows a diverse impact of long-term use on various outcome domains, which may help explain why non-adherence is so common. In the current study we explored the subjective perceptions of factors that impact both attitudes toward and patterns of use of medication among individuals with serious mental illness (SMI). Method Sixteen individuals with an SMI and a recognized psychiatric disability who had used psychiatric medication for at least 1 year were recruited for the study via mental health clinics and social media. Participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview based on the narrative approach, focusing on attitudes toward and patterns of use of psychiatric medication. All interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Three discrete sequential phases emerged, each characterized by different themes referring to attitudes toward medication and patterns of use: (1) “loss of self” and a high level of medication use; (2) accumulating experiences of using/reducing/stopping medication; and (3) forming more stable attitudes toward medication and developing one’s own pattern of use. The transition between phases was dynamic in nature and represents a non-linear process. Complex interactions were generated at different phases between the related themes, which shaped attitudes toward medication and patterns of use. Conclusions and implications The current study reveals the complex ongoing process of forming attitudes toward medication and patterns of use. Recognizing and identifying them via a joint reflective dialog with mental health professionals can enhance alliance, shared decision-making, and person-centered recovery-oriented care.
Fusion energy using avalanche increased boron reactions for block-ignition by ultrahigh power picosecond laser pulses

Exceptionally high reaction gains of hydrogen protons measured with the boron isotope 11 are compared with other fusion reactions. This is leading to the conclusion that secondary avalanche reactions are happening and confirming the results of high-gain, neutron-free, clean, safe, low-cost, and long-term available energy. The essential basis is the unusual non-thermal block-ignition scheme with picosecond laser pulses of extremely high powers above the petawatt range.
PREDICTABILITY AND MARKET EFFICIENCY IN AGRICULTURAL FUTURES MARKETS: A PERSPECTIVE FROM PRICE-VOLUME CORRELATION BASED ON WAVELET COHERENCY ANALYSIS

In this paper, we use a time-frequency domain technique, namely, wavelet squared coherency, to examine the associations between the trading volumes of three agricultural futures and three different forms of these futures' daily closing prices, i.e. prices, returns and volatilities, over the past several years. These agricultural futures markets are selected from China as a typical case of the emerging countries, and from the US as a representative of the developed economies. We investigate correlations and lead–lag relationships between the trading volumes and the prices to detect the predictability and efficiency of these futures markets. The results suggest that the information contained in the trading volumes of the three agricultural futures markets in China can be applied to predict the prices or returns, while that in US has extremely weak predictive power for prices or returns. We also conduct the wavelet analysis on the relationships between the volumes and returns or volatilities to examine the existence of the two "stylized facts" proposed by Karpoff [J. M. Karpoff, The relation between price changes and trading volume: A survey, J. Financ. Quant. Anal.22(1) (1987) 109–126]. Different markets in the two countries perform differently in reproducing the two stylized facts. As the wavelet tools can decode nonlinear regularities and hidden patterns behind price–volume relationship in time-frequency space, different from the conventional econometric framework, this paper offers a new perspective into the market predictability and efficiency.
Counting and Sizing of Submicron Particles by the Resistive Pulse Technique

The resistive (Coulter) method of counting and sizing particles in a conducting fluid has been extended to polystyrene spheres 900 A in diameter, with a present detection limit near 600 A, through the use of individual submicron pores etched in irradiated plastic sheet. The use of a nonionic surfactant and ultrasonic cleaning effectively relieves the problem of plugging. The particles may be driven through the pore by the electric field, without the use of pressure, to yield the vector sum of the electrophoretic and electro‐osmotic velocities. A new theory, yielding an upper limit to the resistive pulse on passage of a sphere, agrees well with data for spheres with diameters d 0.9D. We estimate that a detection limit near 250 A will be attainable with the further development of current techniques.
Maximum Likelihood Analysis for a Generalized Regession-Discontinuity Design

The regression-discontinuity design (RDD) offers the possibility of making inferences about causal effects from observations on selected groups. The quasi-experimental groups are formed by dividing the scores of a premeasurement in two halves. The treatment effect is inferred from the differences between the regression of a postmeasurement on the premeasurement for the two groups. We discuss a generalized form of this design: (a) Apart from parallel shift of the regression lines, differences in variance and covariance are considered; (b) pretest and posttest may be multivariate; and (c) more than two groups may be involved in the design. Data from such a design are considered to have a truncated bivariate distribution. For the RDD, maximum likelihood parameter estimation procedures and tests of hypotheses are presented.
Short and dynamic: succession of invertebrate communities over a hydroperiod in ephemeral wetlands on arable land

ABSTRACT The temporal dynamics of aquatic invertebrate communities are known to be influenced by the length of hydroperiods, but only temporary wetlands with relatively long hydroperiods have been well studied. By contrast, few studies have focused on ephemeral wetlands, primarily represented by extremely ephemeral rock pools. In Central Europe, many ephemeral wetlands develop spontaneously directly on arable land, often on the sites of former natural wetlands that have been drained and converted to agricultural land. Here, we focused on aquatic invertebrates in 10 ephemeral pools over periods of inundation to desiccation on arable land in southern Moravia. Despite relatively short hydroperiods of 5–11 weeks, we observed significant changes in community composition, including species replacement. Dynamics differed between macroinvertebrates and microcrustaceans and between different macroinvertebrate feeding and dispersal groups. Predation pressure increased over time and was highest during drying. Passive dispersers were most abundant during the middle phase, whereas the abundance of active dispersers increased throughout the hydroperiod. Because no significant effect of any environmental factor was detected on community change, we hypothesized that community dynamics were driven by differences in species traits and biotic interactions rather than by the changing environment. This study fills a knowledge gap on the temporal dynamics of aquatic invertebrate communities in temporary wetlands by investigating wetlands with short, but not extremely ephemeral, hydroperiods.
Bibliometric and visualized analysis of scientific publications on rehabilitation of rotator cuff injury based on web of science

Background Since the discovery of rehabilitation as an intervention for rotator cuff injury, its impact on the recovery of rotator cuff injury has attracted crucial attention, and the number of related studies is increasing worldwide. There were no bibliometric and visualized analysis studies in this field. This study aimed to investigate the research hotpots and trends in the rehabilitation of rotator cuff injury via bibliometric and visualized analysis and to identify the future development of clinical practice. Method The publications regarding rehabilitation of rotator cuff injury from inception to December 2021 were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The trends of publications, co-authorship and co-occurrence analysis and visualized analysis were carried out using Citespace, VOSviewer, Scimago Graphica software, and R Project. Results A total of 795 publications were included in this study. The number of publications significantly increased yearly. The United States published the highest number of related papers and the papers published by the United States had the highest citations. The University of Laval, the University of Montreal and Keele University were the top 3 most contributive institutions. Additionally, the Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery was the journal with the highest number of publications. The most common keywords were “rotator cuff”, “rehabilitation”, “physical therapy”, “management”, and “telerehabilitation”. Conclusion The total number of publications has shown a steady upward trend. The cooperation between countries globally was still relatively lacking, and therefore it is necessary to strengthen cooperation between different countries and regions to provide conditions for multi-center, large sample, and high-quality research. In addition to the relatively mature rehabilitation of rotator cuff injury such as passive motion or exercise therapy, telerehabilitation has also attracted much attention with the progress of science.
Three-Dimensional Finite Elements for Analyzing Piezoelectric Structures

A new set of finite elements recently implemented in the comnercially available ANSYSQ finite element program allow for the a nalysis of piezoelectric structures. This paper wi I I review the three-dimensional formulation of these finite elements which include coupling of the electroelastic equations of motion. Solution techniques used for electroelastic vibration and static analyses are detailed. shapes, natural frequencies, and frequency response curves on ultrasonic transducers and other d evices are compared with experimental data. Techniques for reduced . analysis through matrix condensation of structural and electric-potenti al degrees of freedom are presented and solutions are compared with full matrix s olutions and experimental data. Computational results from the full and reduced analyses are shown to be in good agreement with experimental data. The reduced analyses are shown to give accurate results at a fraction of the computational time needed for a full matrix ana I ysi s. Calculated de
The Venus ultraviolet aurora - Observations at 130.4 nm

Continuous and highly variable emissions at 130.4 nm are observed on the night-side of Venus by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter ultraviolet spectrometer. The emissions have a typical intensity of 10-20 R, occasionally exceed 100 R, and have a dawn-dusk asymmetry in brightness during periods of unusual intensity. A possible energy source for this "aurora" is the precipitation of suprathermal electrons. Field and particle observations suggest an additional source for the brightest emissions which is associated with solar flares and/or interplanetary shocks.
Modelling and Control Tank Testing Validation for Attenuator Type Wave Energy Converter - Part II: Linear Noncausal Optimal Control and Deterministic Sea Wave Prediction Tank Testing

Tank testing results from applying Linear non-causal optimal control (LNOC) to the Mocean M100 wave energy converter (WEC) are presented in this paper. Based on the two state-space models derived from Part I, two LNOC algorithms designed to increase power capture of the $1/20$ scaled M100 WEC prototype are tested separately in real-time under various irregular wave conditions. The deterministic sea wave prediction (DSWP) algorithm is employed to provide the required wave elevation/excitation force predictions for the LNOC using real-time wave measurements. Experimental data shows that the DSWP can predict the incoming waves with sufficiently high accuracy in various sea states. Compared with a well-tuned passive damper, LNOC based on a hydrodynamic model increases the power capture by up to 128% while LNOC based on a system identification (SysID) model increases the power capture by up to 323%. The technologies are transferrable. The testing procedure and the results also provide informative guidance for the tank testing of other advanced optimal controllers and their implementations on other types of WECs.