Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Asian Currency Unit, Deviation Indicators, and Exchange Rate Coordination in East Asia: A Panel-Based Convergence Approach

Employing the panel convergence method of Phillips and Sul (2007) to the nominal deviation indicators of two recent unofficial constructions of the Asian Currency Unit (ACU) index, this paper examines the existence and extent of convergence in the movements of East Asian currencies against the ACU. Empirical results reveal that intra-East Asian exchange rate movements have not converged to form a cohesive, unified bloc where currencies share homogenous movements, regardless of whether one examines the data on intra-East Asian exchange rate movements before or after the collapse of Lehman Brothers in September 2008. Instead, a separate number of convergent clubs or blocs in the region have formed in recent years. Finally, and most importantly, economies in the region are, generally, converging at different speeds to two opposing poles of convergence: groups of relatively depreciating currencies, and groups of relatively appreciating currencies.
Improved RLS Predictor in Fast Time-Varying Channels for SC-FDE System

With the development of single carrier-frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE), the scheme that channel state information (CSI) utilization at the transmitter has been proposed. In time-varying channels the CSI acquiring is a hard work which is important to CSI utilization techniques such as adaptive modulation and adaptive power control. In this paper we propose an improved adaptive RLS predictor in fast time-varying channels for SC-FDE system. The proposed predictor has a better performance than the existing. And the complexity of the proposed predictor is reduced
SOXC Transcription Factors Induce Cartilage Growth Plate Formation in Mouse Embryos by Promoting Noncanonical WNT Signaling

Growth plates are specialized cartilage structures that ensure the elongation of most skeletal primordia during vertebrate development. They are made by chondrocytes that proliferate in longitudinal columns and then progress in a staggered manner towards prehypertrophic, hypertrophic and terminal maturation. Complex molecular networks control the formation and activity of growth plates, but remain incompletely understood. We investigated here the importance of the SoxC genes, which encode the SOX4, SOX11 and SOX12 transcription factors, in growth plates. We show that the three genes are expressed robustly in perichondrocytes and weakly in growth plate chondrocytes. SoxCPrx1Cre mice, which deleted SoxC genes in limb bud skeletogenic mesenchyme, were born with tiny appendicular cartilage primordia because of failure to form growth plates. In contrast, SoxCCol2Cre and SoxCATC mice, which deleted SoxC genes primarily in chondrocytes, were born with mild dwarfism and fair growth plates. Chondrocytes in the latter mutants matured normally, but formed irregular columns, proliferated slowly and died ectopically. Asymmetric distribution of VANGL2 was defective in both SoxCPrx1Cre and SoxCATC chondrocytes, indicating impairment of planar cell polarity, a noncanonical WNT signaling pathway that controls growth plate chondrocyte alignment, proliferation and survival. Accordingly, SoxC genes were necessary in perichondrocytes for expression of Wnt5a, which encodes a noncanonical WNT ligand required for growth plate formation, and in chondrocytes and perichondrocytes for expression of Fzd3 and Csnk1e, which encode a WNT receptor and casein kinase‐1 subunit mediating planar cell polarity, respectively. Reflecting the differential strengths of the SOXC protein transactivation domains, SOX11 was more powerful than SOX4, and SOX12 interfered with the activity of SOX4 and SOX11. Altogether, these findings provide novel insights into the molecular regulation of skeletal growth by proposing that SOXC proteins act cell‐ and non‐cell‐autonomously in perichondrocytes and chondrocytes to establish noncanonical WNT signaling crosstalk essential for growth plate induction and control. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
RECONSTRUCTING THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPECIFIC CURVE BUILDING MODELS FROM A SINGLE PERSPECTIVE VIEW IMAGE

Abstract. This paper presents a systematic approach to reconstruct 3D models of complex buildings with specific curve structures from single perspective view images. The proposed method begins with the automatic extraction of straight feature lines and corner points. Three mutually orthogonal vanishing points are then calculated automatically and robustly for reconstructing three-dimensional regular (planar structure) models. For curved segments, they are extracted and processed separately. Three types of curved segments are considered in this study, including cylinder shapes, surfaces of revolution and free-form curve models. Cylinder shape structures can be defined directly by calculated length of major and minor axes. As for surfaces of revolution, the model can be reconstructed using a fitted curve contour line and determined symmetry axis. Free-form curve structures are reconstructed using measured boundary curves for the interpolation of curve surfaces. Regular and curved models are then merged based on their shared feature points. Finally, the level of detail of reconstructed models can be increased using rectified facade texture rendered from single-view images. The output imagery of a computer-simulated model and close-range photographs of real buildings are used in this study to test the performance of the developed algorithms. Quantitative evaluations of the results compared with ground-based surveying and visualized comparison with raw images indicate that the developed algorithms can successfully extract 3D information and reconstruct 3D specific curve building models.
Ancient Expansion of the Hox Cluster in Lepidoptera Generated Four Homeobox Genes Implicated in Extra-Embryonic Tissue Formation

Gene duplications within the conserved Hox cluster are rare in animal evolution, but in Lepidoptera an array of divergent Hox-related genes (Shx genes) has been reported between pb and zen. Here, we use genome sequencing of five lepidopteran species (Polygonia c-album, Pararge aegeria, Callimorpha dominula, Cameraria ohridella, Hepialus sylvina) plus a caddisfly outgroup (Glyphotaelius pellucidus) to trace the evolution of the lepidopteran Shx genes. We demonstrate that Shx genes originated by tandem duplication of zen early in the evolution of large clade Ditrysia; Shx are not found in a caddisfly and a member of the basally diverging Hepialidae (swift moths). Four distinct Shx genes were generated early in ditrysian evolution, and were stably retained in all descendent Lepidoptera except the silkmoth which has additional duplications. Despite extensive sequence divergence, molecular modelling indicates that all four Shx genes have the potential to encode stable homeodomains. The four Shx genes have distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns in early development of the Speckled Wood butterfly (Pararge aegeria), with ShxC demarcating the future sites of extraembryonic tissue formation via strikingly localised maternal RNA in the oocyte. All four genes are also expressed in presumptive serosal cells, prior to the onset of zen expression. Lepidopteran Shx genes represent an unusual example of Hox cluster expansion and integration of novel genes into ancient developmental regulatory networks.
New insights concerning intrinsic joint elasticity for safety

In this paper we present various new insights on the effect intrinsic joint elasticity has on safety in pHRI. We address the fact that the intrinsic safety of elastic mechanisms has been discussed rather one sided in favor of this new designs and intend to give a more differentiated view on the problem. An important result is that intrinsic joint elasticity does not reduce the Head Injury Criterion or impact forces compared to conventional actuation with some considerable elastic behavior in the joint, if considering full scale robots. We also elaborate conditions under which intrinsically compliant actuation is potentially more dangerous than rigid one. Furthermore, we present collision detection and reaction schemes for such mechanisms and verify their effectiveness experimentally.
Free to Paid: Purchase and Dropout Behavior of Mobile Application Users

Since mobile application market was open, developers have been seeking for strategies to maximize their profit. However, there is little research on user behavior of mobile applications for its short history. In this study, we conducted an exploratory study on mobile application users with actual usage data of Weather On. The result indicates positive relation between the premium conversion rate and the logarithm of the market wealth. It is observed that most of the users take only a short time to make a purchase or dropout decisions. Also, we suggest that push message can induce user responses in a positive or negative way.
The Transcription Factor Sp8 Is Required for the Production of Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons in the Olfactory Bulb

Interneurons in the olfactory bulb (OB) represent a heterogeneous population, which are first produced at embryonic stages and persisting into adulthood. Using the BrdU birthdating method combined with immunostaining for several different neuronal markers, we provide the integrated temporal patterns of distinct mouse OB interneuron production from embryonic day 14 to postnatal day 365. We show that although the majority of OB interneuron subtypes continue to be generated throughout life, most subtypes show a similar “bell-like” temporal production pattern with a peak around birth. Tyrosine hydroxylase and calretinin-expressing interneurons are produced at a relatively low rate in the adult OB, while parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneuron production is confined to later embryonic and early postnatal stages. We also show that Dlx5/6-expressing progenitors contribute to PV+ interneurons in the OB. Interestingly, all PV+ interneurons in the external plexiform layer (EPL) express the transcription factor Sp8. Genetic ablation of Sp8 by cre/loxP-based recombination severely reduces the number of PV+ interneurons in the EPL of the OB. Our results suggest that Sp8 is required for the normal production of PV+ interneurons in the EPL of the OB. These data expand our understanding of the temporal and molecular regulation of OB interneuron neurogenesis.
Data Deprivation: Another Deprivation to End

The Millennium Development Goal of halving the incidence of extreme poverty from its 1990 level will be achieved in 2015, and the international development community is now moving to a new goal of “ending extreme poverty. ” However, the data needed to monitor progress remain severely limited. During the 10 year period between 2002 and 2011, as many as 57 countries have zero or only one poverty estimate. This paper refers to such lack of poverty data as “data deprivation,” because the poor are often socially marginalized and voiceless, and the collection of objective and quantitative data is crucial in locating them and formulating policy to help them exit extreme deprivation. This paper studies the extent of data deprivation and proposes targets for ending data deprivation by 2030—the year by when the international community aims to end extreme poverty. According to the analysis in this paper, this target is ambitious but possible, and achieving it is necessary to be able to declare the end of extreme poverty with confidence.
Medical Image Compression Using Ripplet Transform

Now-a-days the medical image compression plays a major role in the image processing. Even though the technology is improvised but still it needs the storage space and efficient bandwidth utilization. This paper presents the compression of grey scale medical images. The proposed method uses a new transform called Ripplet Transform, a higher dimensional generalization of the curvelet transform used to represent the images or two dimensional signals at different scales and different directions and Huffman algorithm to encode significant coefficients. The main goal of this method is to improve the compression ratio and to minimize the mean square error. From the experimental results obtained it is proved that the compression ratio and the peak to signal noise ratio is achieved high for various Medical images.
Locally Subcube-Connected Hypercube Networks: Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Results

We study hypercube networks with a very large number of faulty nodes. A simple and natural condition, the local subcube-connectivity, is identified under which hypercube networks with a very large number of faulty nodes still remain connected. The condition of local subcube-connectivity can be detected and maintained in a distributed manner based on localized management. Efficient routing algorithms on locally subcube-connected hypercube networks are developed. Our algorithms are distributed and local-information-based in the sense that each node in the network knows only its neighbors' status and no global information of the network is required by the algorithms. For a locally subcube-connected hypercube network that may contain up to 37.5 percent faulty nodes, our algorithms run in linear time and, for any two given nonfaulty nodes, find a routing path of length bounded by four times the Hamming distance between the two nodes. Theoretical analysis and experimental results are presented which show that, under a variety of probability distributions of node failures, hypercube networks are locally subcube-connected with a very high probability and our routing algorithms run in linear time and construct routing paths of nearly optimal length.
The left to right in inhibition of return in discrimination tasks

Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to a slowed response to a target appearing at a previously attended location. We investigated left-to-right bias in IOR in discrimination tasks. The results of experiment 1 and 2 showed that the trend of the IOR effect was different. IOR magnitude was no significant when central fixation cue was absent in experiment 1, but IOR was significant when direction of cue presentation was left to right at 400,700,1000ms SOAs in experiment 2. In experiment 2, the results indicated an earlier disengagement of attention than when direction of cue presentation was left to right. Thus, the regularity of shifting attention in a particular way seems to be the cause of the bias observed. Those results indicate that the orienting attention is influenced by central fixation cue and the experience plays an important role in IOR.
A new efficient topological structure for floorplanning in 3D VLSI physical design

Floorplanning is a key problem in VLSI physical design. The floorplanning problem can be formulated as that a given set of 3D rectangular blocks while minimizing suitable cost functions. Here, we are concentrating on the minimization of the total volume of 3D die. In this paper, first we propose a new topological structure using weighted directed graph of a floorplaning problem in 3D VLSI physical design. But here the main question is this structure is effective or not. For this, we give the idea of a new algorithm to minimize the volume of 3D die in floorplanning problem using this new representation technique. It is interesting to see that our proposed structure is also capable to calculate the total volume and position of the dead spaces if dead spaces exist. Next, we give the experimental result of our new algorithm and then conclude the paper.
Embedded forest fire monitoring and positioning system based on machine vision

According to the bulky, high cost and interfered seriously of present forest fire monitoring system, the embedded forest fire monitoring and positioning system is designed based on machine vision. The system consists of four parts: embedded forest fire detection, 3G wireless communication, positioning system and held terminal. Forest fire recognition and positioning algorithm are studied based on FPGA and DSP, and 3G wireless communication is achieved. The results show that the system can overcome a variety of interference and has low false alarm rate, high real time, low power consumption. This system has good operation effect through the test in Inner Mongolia and the positioning error is less than ten meters.
Uncovering the neurochemistry of reward and aversiveness

In a recent issue of Science was published an interesting report regarding the role of dopaminergic neurons on reward and aversiveness (Fiorillo, 2013). In contrast to what is claimed by some physiological and computational models (e.g., Schultz et al., 1997), the author provides a number of arguments to support the suggestion that reward and punishment have to be considered as two distinct neural dimensions. In particular, the author focuses on the evidence that dopaminergic neurons are selectively activated by rewarding outcomes, while these same neurons are insensitive to aversiveness. Thus, the author concludes a selective role for dopamine in detecting reward, and suggests that other (not dopaminergic) neurons should be sensitive to aversiveness. Recent insights suggest that these neurons may be serotonergic. For example, Limebeer et al. (2004) have shown that depletion of forebrain serotonin (5-HT) by 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) lesions prevents induced conditioned disgust reactions such as “gaping,” the predominant conditioned rejection reaction (Parker, 2003) to “taste-related” aversive stimulation. Wright et al. (2010) have shown that learning to avoid odors associated with the malaise caused by ingesting toxins is mediated by serotonin. Moreover, it was recently demonstrated that partial depletion of 5-HT, in the insular cortex, prevents induced conditioned disgust reactions (Tuerke et al., 2012; see also Vicario, 2013, in press for a recent discussion about this issue). Finally, there is evidence of altered serotoninergic activity in Anorexia Nervosa (AN) (e.g., Jean et al., 2012), a psychiatric disorder characterized by a marked aversive sensitivity for food (Vicario, 2013, in press). The works mentioned above support the “two dimensions” hypothesis (Fiorillo, 2013) for reward and aversiveness. In particular, it is suggested that serotoninergic neurons could be the principal candidate of aversiveness processing. The evidence provided by these studies, which are based on the behavioral effects of block (removal) of serotonin, are difficult to interpret given the relevant number of variables that remains out of control. Thus, the definitive evidence could come from experiments that monitor activity of serotonin neurons on a fast timescale and relate it to reward and aversiveness in carefully controlled experiments. Moreover, future works might wish to investigate the existence of “ON” or “OFF” operating mechanism also for serotonin. In fact, if serotonin is the key neurotransmitter underlying aversiveness, there may be some serotonin neurons that signal aversive-ON (punishment) and others that signal aversive-OFF (absence of punishment and “negative reinforcement”).
A METHOD TO DEFINE A PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SYSTEM FOR THE CONTROL OF A CRISIS

In case of emergency, the actors must quickly make decisions to solve the crisis in the best possible way. This study proposes a method assisting these actors in their choices while carrying out a performance evaluation of the activities run during the crisis response process. Currently, in many various crises, the evaluation o f performance is solely used afterwards due to difficulties in gathe ring and aggregating the information into trustable performance indicators. The interest of this paper is to presen t a method facilitating the resolution of the crisis based on performance assessment, after a state of the art ab out disaster management and performance evaluation. This method encourages the actors to set up a specific range of indicators and is illustrated with an example: the case of a natural disaster where the response is managed by humanitar ian organizations. The goal will to be able to appl y this control of the response by the performance to various types of crises.
Risk Estimation using the Multivariate Normal Inverse Gaussian Distribution

Appropriate modeling of time-varying dependencies is very important for quantifying financial risk, such as the risk associated with a portfolio of financial assets. Most of the papers analyzing financial returns have focused on the univariate case. The few that are concerned with their multivariate extensions are mainly based on the multivariate normal assumption. The idea of this paper is to use the multivariate normal inverse Gaussian (MNIG) distribution as the conditional distribution for a multivariate GARCH model. The MNIG distribution belongs to a very flexible family of distributions that captures heavy tails and skewness in the distribution of individual stock returns, as well as the asymmetry in the dependence between stocks observed in financial time series data. The usefulness of the MNIG GARCH model is highlighted through a value-at-risk (VAR) application on a portfolio of European, American and Japanese equities. Backtesting shows that for a one-day holding period this model outperforms a Gaussian GARCH model and a Student's t GARCH model. Moreover, it is slightly better than a skew Student's t GARCH model.
Quantum signature based on quantum one-way map and the stabilized quantum code

The reliable assignment of the messages to its originator and the integrality verification of the messages is an important issue in classic cryptography as well as quantum cryptography. To perform such kind of tasks, a quantum signature scheme is proposed by exploiting quantum one-way function. The employed quantum one-way function is generated by using quantum fingerprint and stabilizer quantum code.