Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A spatial-temporal data model for choosing optimal multimodal routes in urban areas

In this paper we present an intelligent transportation system which help user in planning a route in a city, enhanced by various factors (be as fast as possible, be as short as possible, to involve or not changing the means of transport, etc). The new elements that bring the system proposed in the paper are: a static model of route planning combined with update in real time of traffic data; the data are retained to form a history from where being extracted patterns; the user can request an estimate of an optimal route for a current or a future time; the system takes account of uncertainty and provides a probability based on current data so that the proposed route to be carried out according to the estimate; operators to update the traffic data and return traffic routes subject to optimization criteria and time constraints. The proposed system was tested on an object-relational database with relevant data for the city of Cluj-Napoca. The results were revealing the advantages of estimating a route with real time data vs. historical data. However in the implementation of such solutions attention should be given to data sources that supply system (our tests were done on simulation data).
Supporting Information For the manuscript: Solid-State NMR Structure Determination from Diagonal-Compensated, Sparsely Nonuniform-Sampled 4D Proton-Proton Restraints

In a time-shared 4D experiment, methyl resonances in indirect heteronuclear dimensions can be separated from the amide signals by their corresponding proton chemical shift if the indirect H spectral width is large enough to avoid folding (here 12 ppm). In this case, C and N resonances may overlap, meaning that the carrier of indirect N/C dimensions can both be set to the center of their respective N/C bulk signal and the spectral width does not have to be increased with respect to non-time-shared acquisition. For 3D spectra, the single dimension (where no evolution of the scalar-coupled spin of the same group is exerted) has to ensure a separation of amide and methyl signals. Thus, in the case of a sole heteronuclear dimension, the spectral width has to be widened and the N/C carrier frequencies be shifted to opposite ends of their respective bulk signal.
A Novel Approach to Retrieving an Image using Content Based Kernel

In this paper we are implementing medical domain dedicated medical database management server to manage collection of medical data and alphanumerical values. By using database management techniques the classical operations for databases with the including of different series of algorithms used to extract visual data from image (images including all colors and texture data also). In Hue Saturation Value space contains 166 colors with histogram represents the information of color images. By applying Gabor Filters we can obtain information of texture in the form of vector with 12 values. Finally, the retrieved data is successfully stored in a database by using DBMS applications in the form of IMAGE. It is also used for visual queries. Here we are using some clustering algorithms to increase image retrieval speed.
Evidence for mycorrhizal races in a cheating orchid

Disruptive selection on habitat or host‐specificity has contributed to the diversification of several animal groups, especially plant‐feeding insects. Photosynthetic plants typically associate with a broad range of mycorrhizal fungi, while non‐photosynthetic plants that capture energy from mycorrhizal fungi (‘myco‐heterotrophs’) are often specialized towards particular taxa. Sister myco‐heterotroph species are often specialized towards different fungal taxa, suggesting rapid evolutionary shifts in specificity. Within‐species variation in specificity has not been explored. Here, we tested whether genetic variation for mycorrhizal specificity occurs within the myco‐heterotrophic orchid Corallorhiza maculata. Variation across three single‐nucleotide polymorphisms revealed six multilocus genotypes across 122 orchids from 30 sites. These orchids were associated with 22 different fungal species distributed across the Russulaceae (ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes) according to internal‐transcribed‐spacer sequence analysis. The fungi associated with four out of the six orchid genotypes fell predominantly within distinct subclades of the Russulaceae. This result was supported by Monte Carlo simulation and analyses of molecular variance of fungal sequence diversity. Different orchid genotypes were often found growing in close proximity, but maintained their distinct fungal associations. Similar patterns are characteristic of insect populations diversifying onto multiple hosts. We suggest that diversification and specialization of mycorrhizal associations have contributed to the rapid radiation of the Orchidaceae.
Mapping parcel-level urban areas for a large geographical area

As a vital indicator for measuring urban development, urban areas are expected to be identified explicitly and conveniently with widely available dataset thereby benefiting the planning decisions and relevant urban studies. Existing approaches to identify urban areas normally based on midresolution sensing dataset, socioeconomic information (e.g. population density) generally associate with low-resolution in space, e.g. cells with several square kilometers or even larger towns/wards. Yet, few of them pay attention to defining urban areas with micro data in a fine-scaled manner with large extend scale by incorporating the morphological and functional characteristics. This paper investigates an automated framework to delineate urban areas in the parcel level, using increasingly available ordnance surveys for generating all parcels (or geo-units) and ubiquitous points of interest (POIs) for inferring density of each parcel. A vector cellular automata model was adopted for identifying urban parcels from all generated parcels, taking into account density, neighborhood condition, and other spatial variables of each parcel. We applied this approach for mapping urban areas of all 654 Chinese cities and compared them with those interpreted from mid-resolution remote sensing images and inferred by population density and road intersections. Our proposed framework is proved to be more straight-forward, time-saving and fine-scaled, compared with other existing ones, and reclaim the need for consistency, efficiency and availability in defining urban areas with well-consideration of omnipresent spatial and functional factors across cities.
Cell breathing, sectorization and densification in cellular networks

In this paper, we establish a closed form formula of the other-cell interference factor f for omni-directional and sectored cellular networks. That formula is based on a fluid model that approximates the discrete base stations (BS) entities by a continuum of transmitters which are spatially distributed in the network. Simulations show that the obtained closed-form formula is a very good approximation, even for the traditional hexagonal network. From f, we are able to derive the outage probability on the downlink as a function of the mobile density and the coverage range. From a maximum acceptable outage probability, we can deduce the link between cell coverage and mobile density and thus highlight with a new, easy and fast method the notion of cell breathing. At last, we show how an operator can use this approach in order to evaluate the impact of sectorization or BS densification on the cell coverage.
Individuals’ Motivation for Joining a Social Group: Examining Their Homogeneity

Human, being a social animal, has desired to be part of a social group. The present study explores motives/reasons of an individual for joining a social group/club through surveys conducted at various cities of India. The result of data analysis suggests that individual desired to join social groups/clubs for self-development, social service, extraversion, social voracity, self and social gratification, and for emotional support. Furthermore, convergence in individuals was also explored on the basis of their responses. From the analysis, three clusters emerged, namely, inquisitive individuals, extrovert individuals and voracious individuals. The study also discusses the implications of the outcome for founders/managers/marketers of groups and researchers.
Human Cytomegalovirus Drives Epigenetic Imprinting of the IFNG Locus in NKG2Chi Natural Killer Cells

Memory type 1 T helper (TH1) cells are characterized by the stable expression of interferon (IFN)-γ as well as by the epigenetic imprinting of the IFNG locus. Among innate cells, NK cells play a crucial role in the defense against cytomegalovirus (CMV) and represent the main source of IFN-γ. Recently, it was shown that memory-like features can be observed in NK cell subsets after CMV infection. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying NK cell adaptive properties have not been completely defined. In the present study, we demonstrated that only NKG2Chi NK cells expanded in human CMV (HCMV) seropositive individuals underwent epigenetic remodeling of the IFNG conserved non-coding sequence (CNS) 1, similar to memory CD8+ T cells or TH1 cells. The accessibility of the CNS1 was required to enhance IFN-γ transcriptional activity in response to NKG2C and 2B4 engagement, which led to consistent IFN-γ production in NKG2Chi NK cells. Thus, our data identify epigenetic imprinting of the IFNG locus as selective hallmark and crucial mechanism driving strong and stable IFN-γ expression in HCMV-specific NK cell expansions, providing a molecular basis for the regulation of adaptive features in innate cells.
Homeschool background, time use and academic performance at a private religious college

Abstract We study the effects of homeschool background and time use on academic performance among students at Patrick Henry College, a private religious institution with a 63-credit core classical liberal arts curriculum. Using ordinary least squares regression analysis, we examine four research questions: (1) Does time use influence academic performance? (2) Do homeschooled students perform differently than traditionally schooled students? (3) Does parental education moderate the impact of homeschooling on academic performance? (4) Does homeschooling moderate the impact of ACT scores on academic performance?
Timing Analysis of Real-Time Embedded Systems using Model Checking

Modern real-time embedded systems are highly complex and distributed. Timing analysis of these systems is a challenging task. Model checking is increasingly being used for analyzing such systems. In this paper, we use timed automata based model checking for the timing analysis of distributed embedded systems with fixed priority preemptive tasks which exchange messages via communication buses with specific access protocols. We have constructed a general task model in UPPAAL for preemptable tasks based on the preemption handling method proposed by Waszniowski et al. We present two case studies, one involving an advanced automotive control application using the FlexRay bus, and the other using a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus. We also present a case study showing how the explicit-time model checker SPIN can be used for computing the end-to-end latency between tasks and how it compares with the implicit-time handling methods used by timed automata based model checkers.
Clinical Monoclonal B Lymphocytosis versus Rai 0 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Comparison of Cellular, Cytogenetic, Molecular, and Clinical Features

Purpose: To investigate the incidence and clinical relevance of classic and new prognostic markers, IGHV gene mutational status, and chromosomal abnormalities in clinical monoclonal B lymphocytosis (cMBL) compared with Rai stage 0 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Rai0-CLL). Experimental Design: A group of 136 patients with cMBL and a group of 216 Rai0-CLL cases were investigated prospectively. Results: IGHV-mutated cases were significantly more frequent among cMBLs (P = 0.005), whereas the distribution of CD38 and ZAP-70 positive cases, of patients with NOTCH1 and SF3B1 mutations or exhibiting the major CLL cytogenetic abnormalities, was similar in the two groups. Moreover, no significant differences were found either in IGHV/IGHD/IGHJ gene usage or in the overall prevalence of stereotyped IGHV gene sequences. Cells from cMBL and Rai0-CLL exhibited similar gene and microRNA (miRNA) signatures; in addition, when grouped according to the IGHV mutational status, IGHV-unmutated cases showed different transcriptional signatures compared with IGHV-mutated patients, irrespective of the cMBL or Rai0-CLL classification. cMBL diagnosis per se was predictive of longer progression-free survival. Conclusions: Our study based on a prospective series of patients indicates that no major differences exist between the circulating cells from cMBL and Rai0-CLL, at least based on a comparison of the markers used in the study. This possibly suggests that the two conditions mainly differ in the initial size of the monoclonal cell population, which may influence the subsequent timing of clonal expansion and clinical manifestations. Clin Cancer Res; 19(21); 5890–900. ©2013 AACR.
Voice biometric feature using Gammatone filterbank and ICA

Voice biometric feature extraction is the core task in developing any speaker identification system. This paper proposes a robust feature extraction technique for the purpose of speaker identification. The technique is based on processing monaural speech signal using human auditory system based Gammatone Filterbank (GTF) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). The measures used to assess the robustness to additive noises and speaker identification performance are defined and discussed. The kkn the proposed feature is evaluated in real environments under varying noisy conditions. The proposed feature is benchmarked against the commonly used features such as: MFCC, PLCC, and PLP, and it outperforms them in different noisy environments.
HEAT: Hierarchical Entropy Approach for Texture Indexing in Image Databases

This paper illustrates a method, called HEAT, for image indexing based on texture information. The texture's partitioning element is first put into 1-D form and then its Hierarchical Entropy-based Representation is obtained. This representation is used to index the texture in the space of features. The same representation is well suited for contour data, and it has invariance and robustness properties that make it attractive for incorporation into larger systems. A comparison with another performing method is carried out, and the experiments show that the two techniques have slightly different strong points, suggesting different fields of application. In the experimental section, a case study involving over 2500 mammographies from different sources is presented and discussed.
Hemispheric Independence in Word Recognition: Evidence from Unilateral and Bilateral Presentations

We compared behavioral laterality effects in a lexical decision task using cued unilateral or bilateral presentations of different stimuli to normal subjects. The goals were to determine the effects of lexical variables on word recognition in each hemisphere under conditions of maximal independence of information processing in the two hemispheres and to assess the degree of residual interhemispheric effects that can still exist then. Bilateral presentations increased hemispheric independence in word recognition, indexed by a significant interaction of response hand with target visual field. Bilateral presentations also selectively impaired word decisions, suggesting that word processing benefits from interhemispheric interactions, whereas nonword processing is done independently in each hemisphere. Indeed, there was a significant congruity effect for word targets only, whereby the wordness of the unattended stimulus affected the speed of processing of attended word targets. Word frequency and regularity affected both hemispheres equally, arguing against the hemispheric interpretation on the dual route model of word recognition. Length affected the processing of nonwords more than words and in the left visual field more than in the right visual field. Taken together, the data support the conclusion that each normal hemisphere can control word recognition independently of the other.
Collision-free path and trajectory planning algorithm for multiple-vehicle systems

An algorithm to generate collision-free paths and trajectories multiple-vehicle systems is presented. The algorithm is utilized to solve a problem of planning collision-free paths and trajectories of all the vehicles from their start points to goal points. Three-degree Bezier curves are utilized as the basic forms of the paths. Trajectories are generated subject to linear velocity, tangential velocity, and radial accelerations constraints of each vehicle. The presence of known static obstacles is considered. A Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is utilized to figure out the trajectories which minimize the accomplishing time of the slowest vehicle. Moreover, trajectories drive all vehicles to avoid collision to each other. Simulation results that show the trajectories of three vehicles are presented.
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of the US population : 1988 – 1994 compared with 2000 – 20041 – 3

Background: Changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in the US population have not been described. Objective: We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) to compare serum 25(OH)D concentrations in the US population in 2000–2004 with those in 1988– 1994 and to identify contributing factors. Design: Serum 25(OH)D was measured with a radioimmunoassay kit in 20 289 participants in NHANES 2000–2004 and in 18 158 participants in NHANES III (1988–1994). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured height and weight. Milk intake and sun protection were assessed by questionnaire. Assay differences were assessed by re-analyzing 150 stored serum specimens from NHANES III with the current assay. Results: Age-adjusted mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations were 5–20 nmol/L lower in NHANES 2000–2004 than in NHANES III. After adjustment for assay shifts, age-adjusted means in NHANES 2000–2004 remained significantly lower (by 5–9 nmol/L) in most males, but not in most females. In a study subsample, adjustment for the confounding effects of assay differences changed mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations by 10 nmol/L, and adjustment for changes in the factors likely related to real changes in vitamin D status (ie, BMI, milk intake, and sun protection) changed mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations by 1–1.6 nmol/L. Conclusions: Overall, mean serum 25(OH)D was lower in 2000– 2004 than 1988–1994. Assay changes unrelated to changes in vitamin D status accounted for much of the difference in most population groups. In an adult subgroup, combined changes in BMI, milk intake, and sun protection appeared to contribute to a real decline in vitamin D status. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88:1519–27.
Migrant Remittances and Exchange Rate Regimes in the Developing World

This article argues that the international financial consequences of immigration exert a substantial influence on the choice of exchange rate regimes in the developing world. Over the past two decades, migrant remittances have emerged as a significant source of external finance for developing countries, often exceeding conventional sources of capital such as foreign direct investment and bank lending. Remittances are unlike nearly all other capital flows in that they are stable and move countercyclically relative to the recipient country's economy. As a result, they mitigate the costs of forgone domestic monetary policy autonomy and also serve as an international risk-sharing mechanism for developing countries. The observable implication of these arguments is that remittances increase the likelihood that policy makers adopt fixed exchange rates. An analysis of data on de facto exchange rate regimes and a newly available data set on remittances for up to 74 developing countries from 1982 to 2006 provides strong support for these arguments. The results are robust to instrumental variable analysis and the inclusion of multiple economic and political variables.
STUDY ON TURNING PERFORMANCE OF A FISH ROBOT

Underwater robots are widely used in the fields of ocean development, ocean investigation and marine environmental protection. Autonomous underwater robots are planed, and several robots have been already developed. They need higher efficiency of propulsive performance and good dynamics performance. On the other hand, it is well known that several kinds of fish have a good ability of turning and acceleration. If the underwater robot that can simulate a fishlike locomotion is developed, it is considered that the robot has dynamics performance similar to fish. The aim of this study is to develop a fish mimetic underwater robot with good dynamics performance. At first, we discussed turning modes for the fish robot that uses tail swing. Based on the discussion, the prototype fish robot, which has 340 mm body length, was developed. Just after manufacturing, swimming speed at straight propulsion was measured. Next, we measured turning performance with the suggested turning modes. As the result, it was confirmed that frequency, amplitude and leaning of the tail affect the turning performance. Still more, we made sure that the prototype fish robot turned quickly from straight propulsion and stationary state.
CRISPR-Mediated Slamf1Δ/Δ Slamf5Δ/Δ Slamf6Δ/Δ Triple Gene Disruption Reveals NKT Cell Defects but Not T Follicular Helper Cell Defects

SAP (SH2D1A) is required intrinsically in CD4 T cells to generate germinal center responses and long-term humoral immunity. SAP binds to SLAM family receptors, including SLAM, CD84, and Ly108 to enhance cytokine secretion and sustained T cell:B cell adhesion, which both improve T follicular helper (Tfh) cell aid to germinal center (GC) B cells. To understand the overlapping roles of multiple SLAM family receptors in germinal center responses, Slamf1Δ/Δ Slamf5Δ/Δ Slamf6Δ/Δ triple gene disruption (Slamf1,5,6Δ/Δ) mice were generated using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to eliminate expression of SLAM (CD150), CD84, and Ly108, respectively. Gene targeting was highly efficient, with 6 of 6 alleles disrupted in 14 of 23 pups and the majority of alleles disrupted in the remaining pups. NKT cell differentiation in Slamf1,5,6Δ/Δ mice was defective, but not completely absent. The remaining NKT cells exhibited substantially increased 2B4 (SLAMF4) expression. Surprisingly, there were no overt defects in germinal center responses to acute viral infections or protein immunizations in Slamf1,5,6Δ/Δ mice, unlike Sh2d1a-/- mice. Similarly, in the context of a competitive environment, SLAM family receptor expressing GC Tfh cell, GC B cell, and plasma cell responses exhibited no advantages over Slamf1,5,6Δ/Δ cells.
Early Verification of Software Behavior in a Time Interval Framework

Verification of software behavior in early moments of the development process is not an easy task. Typically, software engineers draw diagrams to reason about the software functional behavior, for example, drawing Message Sequence Charts (MSCs). Not always does the intended behavior described by MSCs correspond to their actual behavior. To help the verification of the actual behavior of MSCs, this paper describes an interpretation of (basic) MSCs in a temporal framework that formally represents the qualitative, and possibly imprecise, temporal information conveyed in MSCs. The framework is an algebra of binary relations on time intervals, and provides rules of reasoning about the temporal information. The interpretation provides a polynomialtime solution to the verification problem and lays the foundations of a model checking tool.