Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lockbox : Helping Computers Keep Your Secrets Technical Report UCSC-WASP-1502 November 2015

The realization that modern architectures lack sufficient security features is not a new one. Many grand visions of “trusted computing” remain unfilled. After millions of dollars of research money, huge expenditures on the part of industry and rarely seen levels of cooperation between hardware vendors, users remain without substantial security features in their systems. Those features that do exist remain unused and few users urge progress. Even the strongest advocates of trusted computing have quietly ratcheted down their expectations and the current proposed uses for the TPM [32], a chip that was supposed to bring about revolutionary security benefits to modern computing, represent a significant departure from the original vision of the project. Despite a rapidly increasing need for security, trusted computing systems remain unimplemented, unrealized or without adoption. Over the last few years, I designed an alternative system called LockBox. While it is not possible to fully characterize an unimplemented system, the design represents what I felt at the time to be the next generation of trusted computing technologies. And indeed, as the last generation of trusted computing hardware has faded away, Intel has put Software Guard Extensions (SGX) [1] on their product roadmap. Intel’s SGX technology presents a surprisingly similar design to LockBox and accomplishes many of the same goals. The design work we’ve accomplished, along with the preliminary data we’ve gathered about how a system like LockBox might work, is perhaps even more critical now that hardware with a very similar design is slated to hit the mass market within a few years. First I explain the design tradeoffs we made in designing LockBox and highlight where our system made different choices than Intel appears to be making with SGX. Second, I describe the technical design of LockBox in detail. Finally, I share the design ideas and data we gathered over our time exploring these types of systems and highlight a few areas that may be increasingly relevant as we see these systems develop a broader ecosystem and head towards widespread adoption.
Policy Invariance under Reward Transformations for General-Sum Stochastic Games

We extend the potential-based shapingmethod fromMarkov decision processes to multiplayer general-sum stochastic games. We prove that the Nash equilibria in a stochastic game remains unchanged after potential-based shaping is applied to the environment. The property of policy invariance provides a possible way of speeding convergence when learning to play a stochastic game.
A host rejected spread spectrum embedding scheme for data hiding

In this paper, a new spread spectrum-based embedding modulation approach, which we call host rejected spread spectrum (HRSS), is presented to efficiently remove the noise-source effect of the host signal in decoding the hidden message bits. The proposed HRSS could improve the decoding performance in terms of bit error rate. To further improve the decoding performance of the HRSS under distortions (which can be modeled as additive noise), an improved host rejected spread spectrum (IHRSS) is introduced. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performances of the proposed embedding schemes for data hiding.
Exploring and Navigating: Tools for GermaNet

GermaNet is regarded to be a valuable resource for many German NLP applications, corpus research, and teaching. This demo presents three GUI-based tools meant to facilitate the exploration of and navigation through GermaNet. The GermaNet Explorer exhibits various retrieval, sort, filter and visualization functions for words/synsets and also provides an insight into the modeling of GermaNets semantic relations as well as its representation as a graph. The GermaNet-Measure-API and GermaNet Pathfinder offer methods for the calculation of semantic relatedness based on GermaNet as a resource and the visualization of (semantic) paths between words/synsets. The GermaNet-Measure-API furthermore features a flexible interface, which facilitates the integration of all relatedness measures provided into user-defined applications. We have already used the three tools in our research on thematic chaining and thematic indexing, as a tool for the manual annotation of lexical chains, and as a resource in our courses on corpus linguistics and semantics.
Beyond ‘Passive Apartheid’? Developing Policy and Research Agendas on Rural Racism in Britain

Although problems facing minority ethnic households in rural areas have been largely overlooked within studies of ‘race’ and racism, an emerging body of research has begun to challenge ‘problem-free’ constructions of the countryside by illustrating the pervasiveness of racialised ‘othering’ in rural environments. In the context of a rapidly expanding minority ethnic rural population, images of the English countryside's ‘white landscape’ will bear increasingly less resonance as the make-up of rural towns and villages continues to diversify over time. This article outlines some of the key challenges facing researchers and policy-makers seeking to address problems of rural racism. It illustrates the manner in which rural minority ethnic households’ vulnerability is exacerbated by the enduring appeal of idyllicised [mis]constructions of rurality and the ineffectiveness of agency responses to racist victimisation, and explores ways of developing sustainable improvements to policy, research and conceptual frameworks in the context of the increasing diversification of rural space.
Negative Affect as Motivation to Smoke

Fifty million Americans smoke to bacco, and nearly half a million per year die prematurely because of it. Although the dangers of smoking have long been suspected? King James I displayed the black lungs of smokers in 1605? general aware ness of the health consequences of smoking began with the 1964 sur geon general's report on smoking and health. Today, we know that smoking is the major risk factor for coronary heart disease and lung can cer, and that smoking contributes to cancers of the larynx, oral cavity, esophagus, bladder, and pancreas, as well as to chronic bronchitis, em physema, and ulcer disease. Mater nal smoking is associated with low birth weight, prenatal death, and re tarded growth in childhood. Ciga rettes are also the major cause of fire deaths. Finally, recent research sug gests that secondhand smoke poses a significant health risk to people who live with smokers. Despite widespread knowledge of the dangers of smoking, 25% of adults in the United States still smoke, and the percentage is much higher in many other countries. To bacco use and its consequences are thus major social problems requiring investigation and efforts at behavior change. Additionally, the study of tobacco smoking can serve as a model for substance abuse in gen eral. Compared with most other ad dictive populations, smokers are plentiful, tend to have relatively sta ble life-styles, and use a legal sub stance. Hence, they provide a con venient population for studying general issues of substance use that cut across the particular substances (e.g., physiological dependence and tolerance, craving, pr? cipitants of relapse, treatment approaches). In fact, much of the tobacco research reviewed in this article has parallels in research involving other sub stances.1 There is little doubt that the onset
ETUDE DES ROLES DE LA COMPTABILITE DE GESTION POUR LES MANAGERS: LE CAS D'UN GRAND GROUPE AUTOMOBILE

The non-satisfaction stemming from mainstream perspectives on the use of management accounting by managers is bound to (1) that they suffer from a lack of alignment onto the specificities of managerial work and to (2) that they have produced diffuse and non-integrated knowledge. This paper, by adopting a managerial perspective, informs on the roles of accounting drivers in accordance with the manager's expectations. Based upon a case study of a large organisation, this supplies an analytical framework of the perception and the use of accounting drivers by managers. The literature review supplemented with the empirical study allows the construction of an integrative analysis grill of the roles devoted to accounting: information, decision making, relational and cognitive. Modes of rationality help reveal those meta-roles. These modes are substantial, procedural, partner-centric and cognitive. Afterwards, light was shed on the richness and the co-existence of these roles. This supposedly contributed to a better understanding of the behaviour of managers. Notwithstanding this, it was highlighted that information and relation roles dominate the other two. Moreover, a large cognitive gap between the manager and the accountant could be outlined. This gap is partly due to the inability of the latter to assist the former in accomplishing his organisational roles.
The Social and Religious Challenges of Single Mothers in Nigeria

The value of traditional nuclear family structure of man, woman and children is fast eroding,resulting in alternative family forms such as single motherhood among others. This workfocuses particularly on choice of voluntary single motherhood whereby young women neithermarried nor divorced, opt to have children and settle down to single life. Reasons for singlemotherhood vary greatly across the nation, ranging from personal choices to involuntarycircumstance. Through oral interviews, Focus Group Discussions, the findings of thisresearch is that single mothers face discrimination, rejection and blackmail from the society,culture and religion. Although single motherhood is not appreciated in the major religions inthe study area, this study discovers that single motherhood has come to stay. Understanding,tolerance, acceptance, economic aids towards single mothers are highly recommended. Thereis need for the entire society to focus more on the attitudinal change and social orientationtowards single mothers.
Does large beam-steered angle velocity compounding using plane wave transmission improve blood vector velocity estimation in a 3D carotid artery flow field?

Quantification of complex flow patterns with variations in the blood flow direction throughout an image plane and strong fluctuations over the cardiac cycle, requires dedicated transmission schemes. Conventional Doppler-based velocity imaging techniques are limited, due to their angle dependence and limited frame rates. New methods have been suggested to estimate the full 2D velocity vector. These methods need to be combined with intelligent transmit schemes to increase the imaging frame rate. This study investigates the performance of two different techniques to estimate the 2D blood velocity vector, both using a 2D normalized cross-correlation based displacement estimation algorithm. Normal 0° velocity estimation is compared with compound vector velocity estimation, using plane wave transmissions. Combining finite element modeling with FIELD II provided ultrasound radio frequency data of a carotid artery flow field over the entire cardiac cycle. Ultrasound radiofrequency element data were simulated for a linear array transducer (fc = 9 MHz, fs = 36 MHz, pitch = 198 μm). Plane waves were transmitted at a PRF of 2 kHz at either 0° angle only, or at sequentially changing angles of 0°, -20° and 20°. RF data were beamformed in the direction of the steered plane waves by delay-and-sum beamforming. The 0° data were additionally beamformed at angles of -20° and +20°. The horizontal velocity component was determined in three different ways: 1) directly from the 0° acquisition (PW0), 2) by compounding the axial velocity component from the 0° data beamformed at +20° and -20° (PW0C), or 3) by compounding the axial velocity component from the multi-angle acquisitions (PWC). The vertical velocity component was determined directly from the 0° acquisition. The performance of the methods was compared by calculating the root mean squared error (RMSE) between estimated and true velocity components. The results showed the ability of the PW0 and PW0C methods to provide accurate 2D velocity estimates. Both methods perform similarly based on the calculated RMSEs. PWC showed less accurate velocity estimates, i.e., higher RMSEs, which are probably caused by the reduced effective frame rate and presence of grating lobes. At present frame rate and transducer choice, velocity compounding does not seem to be beneficial for 2D velocity estimation in a carotid artery flow field.
An IMM Algorithm for Tracking Maneuvering Vehicles in an Adaptive Cruise Control Environment

In this paper, an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) for curvilinear motions in an interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithm to track a maneuvering vehicle on a road is investigated. Driving patterns of vehicles on a road are modeled as stochastic hybrid systems. In order to track the maneuvering vehicles, two kinematic models are derived: A constant velocity model for linear motions and a constant-speed turn model for curvilinear motions. For the constant-speed turn model, an UKF is used because of the drawbacks of the extended Kalman filter in nonlinear systems. The suggested algorithm reduces the root mean squares error for linear motions and rapidly detects possible turning motions. 1. INTRODUCTON Recently, the majority of automobile companies are developing various driver assistance systems to increase vehicle safety and alleviate driver workload. The driver assistance systems include adaptive cruise control (ACC), lane-keeping support, collision warning and collision avoidance, and assisted lane changes. The effectiveness of these driver assistant systems depends on the interpretation of the information arriving from sensors, which provide details of the surrounding vehicle environment and of the driver-assisted vehicle itself. In particular, all these systems rely on the detection and subsequent tracking of objects around the vehicle. Such detection information is provided by radar, lidar, and vision sensor. The assistance systems mentioned above have certain objectives that their controllers try to meet. Before a controller can make a decision that enables the driver to feel natural, the motion of the surrounding object must be properly interpreted from the available sensor information (2).
A Web-based English Abstract Writing Tool Using a Tagged E-J Parallel Corpus

In this paper, we present a Web-based English abstract writing tool, the “BEAR (Building English Abstracts by Ricoh). ” This English writing tool is aimed at helping Japanese software engineers improve the organization of their writing by enabling them to select a rhetorical template of the target abstract and to build up component sentences while having access to good-quality sample sentences. To provide this kind of language assistance, we constructed an E-J parallel corpus of 539 sample abstracts as the core language resource. After analyzing the rhetorical structure of these sample abstracts, we tagged the corpus with textual and linguistic information. The “BEAR” is not designed for beginners but for intermediate to advanced EFL learners who very often need to write a research paper or a technical report in English. Software development has not yet been completed, but we have already gathered some user feedback at preliminary user trials. We show that the “BEAR” has been positively evaluated by our users and thus our tagged E-J parallel corpus of sample abstracts can support our users in the difficult task of working with a foreign language. We also discuss the outlook for further development of the “BEAR. ”
Unified asymptotic theory for all partial directed coherence forms

This paper presents a unified mathematical derivation of the asymptotic behaviour of the three main forms of partial directed coherence (PDC). Numerical examples are used to contrast PDC, gPDC (generalized PDC) and iPDC (information PDC) as to meaning and applicability and, more importantly, to show their essential statistical equivalence insofar as connectivity inference is concerned.
Milk bioactives may manipulate microbes to mediate parent–offspring conflict

Among mammals, milk constituents directly influence the ecology of the infant’s commensal microbiota. The immunological and nutritional impacts of breast milk and microbiota are increasingly well understood; less clear are the consequences for infant behavior. Here, we propose that interactions among bioactives in mother’s milk and microbes in the infant gut contribute to infant behavioral phenotype and, in part, have the potential to mediate parent–offspring conflict. We hypothesize that infant behavior likely varies as a function of their mother’s milk composition interacting with the infant’s neurobiology directly and indirectly through the commensal gut bacteria. In this article, we will explore our hypothesis of a milk-microbiota-brain-behavior dynamic in the context of the coevolution between human milk oligosaccharides, bacteria, the gut–brain axis and behavior. Integrating established features of these systems allows us to generate novel hypotheses to motivate future research and consider potential implications of current and emerging clinical treatments.
Some properties of a solution of the Ernst equation

Using Ehlers and unitary transformations, from Bonanos solution of the Ernst equation, we build a new vacuum stationary axisymmetric solution of Einstein equations depending on three parameters. The parameters are associated with the total mass of the source and its angular momentum. The third parameter produces a topological deformation of the ergosphere making it a two-sheet surface, and for some of its values forbids the Penrose process.
How can a stereotype inconsistency bias be encouraged in communication

This study aimed to investigate what conditions can lead to a bias for communicating stereotype inconsistent (SI) information, relative to stereotype consistent (SC) information. Sixty-three undergraduate university students (22 males, 41 females; Mage = 21.25) read a story about an Arab man who exhibited characteristics consistent and inconsistent with the stereotype of Arab men. The story was transmitted through 21 three-person communication chains; each participant rewrote the story from memory for the next person in the chain to read, with only the first participant in each chain reading the original story. As hypothesized, when a surprising category conjunction was formed by pairing the primary stereotype (Arab men) with a secondary stereotype of a contradictory nature (kindergarten teachers), SC information was circulated less than SI information. This was also the case when a causal explanation was provided that accounted for the unexpected SI information. Findings indicate the potential of techniques that elicit cognitive elaboration of SI information to encourage an SI bias in communication, and show promise for exploring ways to reduce the impact of negative stereotypical information in the long term.
Influence of Social Factors to the Quality of Life of the Elderly in Malaysia

Introduction and Aim: The increase in the life expectancy does not necessarily correlate with a higher quality of life. The objective of this study was to determine the influences of social factors to the quality of life of the elderly in Malaysia. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in Penang, Malaysia among 2005 randomly sampled elderly using the WHOQOL-BREF scale. The sample was randomly collected from a list of residents of the state who are aged 60 years and older who receive the special aid provided by the Penang state government to all elderly residing in Penang irrespective of their socio and economic status. Results: Regression analysis showed that after controlling for demographic factors which include age, sex, race, marital status, education and employment; living with spouse and family members and being socially active were significantly associated with increased quality of life scores and being dependent on partner and children as compared to being self- dependent on mobility and having poor and moderate support as compared to good social support were significantly associated with decreased quality of life scores. Conclusion: The quality of life of the elderly is very much influenced by social factors.
Distributed Compressive Sensing Reconstruction via Common Support Discovery

This paper presents a novel signal reconstruction method based on the distributed compressive sensing (DCS) framework for application to wireless sensor networks (WSN). The proposed method exploits both the intra-sensor correlation and the inter-sensor correlation to reduce the number of samples required for recovering the original signals. An innovative feature of our method is using the Fr' echet mean of the signals to discover the common support of their sparse representations in some basis. Then a new greedy algorithm, called precognition matching pursuit (PMP), is proposed to further reduce the number of required samples with the knowledge of the common support. The superior reconstruction quality of the proposed method is demonstrated by both computer-generated signals and real data gathered by a WSN located in the Intel Berkeley Research lab.
Service value determination: an integrative perspective.

The authors investigate the efficacy of an integrated perspective on perceived service value, derived out of bringing together two consumer behavior research streams, those of utilitarian and behavioral theories. Theoretical, arguments and empirical evidence are used to show that the integrative perspective provides a better representation of perceived value than either the utilitarian or the behavioral perspective alone. Additionally, acquisition utility is shown to be similar to perceived quality, suggesting that a more parsimonious representation of perceived value entails the use of transaction utility and perceived quality as predictor variables. Finally, the authors argue that within a service encounter context, perceived quality of the service assumes more importance than price perceptions in explaining perceived value. Managerial implications and future research directions are discussed.
BENEFÍCIOS PERCEBIDOS PELA ADOÇÃO DO PROCESSO DE INOVAÇÃO ABERTA. DOI: 10.15600/1679-5350/rau.v11n3p1-24

Este estudo procurou identificar os beneficios decorrentes da adocao do processo de Inovacao Aberta. O artigo faz um resgate dos conceitos sobre inovacao, inovacao aberta e tecnologia da informacao. A pesquisa realizada teve cunho qualitativo exploratorio. As informacoes dos elementos-chave foram obtidas por meio de entrevistas, com roteiro previamente elaborado. Foram entrevistados tres gestores de empresas de grande porte e segmentos equivalentes no setor de Tecnologia da Informacao que adotaram o modelo de Inovacao Aberta. Para a examinacao dos dados coletados, utilizou-se a tecnica analise de conteudo, seguindo os procedimentos recomendados por Bardin (2007). Dentre outros, a investigacao da pesquisa revelou que os resultados da adocao de Inovacao Aberta estao relacionados a compartilhamento de custos e riscos, melhorias nos processos e acesso rapido a informacao. Palavras-chave: Inovacao, Adocao da inovacao aberta, Inovacao Tecnologica.
Multilevel Faktorenanalyse für Fragebögen zur Lehrveranstaltungsevaluation

Zur Uberprufung der postulierten Messmodelle fur Fragebogen zur Lehrveranstaltungsevaluation (LVE) werden konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen (CFA) entweder auf Studenten- oder Veranstaltungsebene durchgefuhrt. Der resultierende Modellfit ist oft inakzeptabel (Marsh et al., 2009). Die vorliegende Studie vergleicht die konventionellen CFA-Verfahren in der LVE mit einer Multilevel-CFA anhand eines empirischen Beispiels mit 183 334 Studentenurteilen. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die Uberlegenheit der Multilevel-CFA fur die Analyse des Messmodells eines Fragebogens zur LVE. Es werden die Vorteile der Multilevel-CFA fur die Erfassung der multidimensionalen Veranstaltungsqualitat aufgezeigt und Anwendungsmoglichkeiten fur die Hochschulforschung diskutiert.