Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individuals with neurological diseases are at increased risk of fractures within 180 days of admission to long-term care in Ontario.

BACKGROUND Individuals residing in long-term care (LTC) are more likely to have a fragility fracture than community-dwelling seniors. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of neurological diseases was associated with an increased risk of fracture within 180 days of admission to LTC. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used data collected in the LTC setting using the Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI) 2.0 during the period from 2006 to 2011 (N=42,089). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between the presence of neurological conditions and incident fractures, with and without adjustment for clinical variables. RESULTS The incident fracture rate for all LTC residents was 2.6% (N=1,094). Neurological condition group size ranged from n=21,015 for Alzheimer's disease or related dementias (ADRD) to n=21 for muscular dystrophy (MD). The incidence of fracture among residents with specific neurological diseases was as follows: ADRD, 3.2% (n=672), MD, 4.8% (n=1), Parkinson's disease, 2.5% (n=57), stroke, 2.3% (n=166), epilepsy, 2.5% (n=38), Huntington's disease, 1.4% (n=1), multiple sclerosis, 0.3% (n=1) and traumatic brain injury, 3.8% (n=11); among the comparison group with no neurological conditions, the fracture rate was 2.0% (n=366). The neurological diseases that were associated with a significantly greater odds of having an incident fracture in the first 180 days of LTC admission were as follows: ADRD (1.3; 95% CI: 1.1-1.5), epilepsy (1.5; 95% CI: 1.0-2.1) and traumatic brain injury (2.7; 95% CI: 1.4-5.0). CONCLUSION LTC residents with ADRD, epilepsy and traumatic brain injury are at a higher risk for sustaining an incident fracture in the first 180 days of admission and should be considered for fracture prevention strategies.
Application of Orem's self-care deficit theory and standardized nursing languages in a case study of a woman with diabetes.

PURPOSE This paper aims to illustrate the process of theory-based nursing practice by presenting a case study of a clinical nurse specialist's assessment and care of a woman with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN Orem's self-care deficit theory and standardized nursing language, NANDA, NIC (Nursing Interventions Classification), and NOC (Nursing Outcomes Classification), guided assessment and the identification of outcomes and interventions related to the client's management of diabetes. FINDINGS Theory-based nursing care and standardized nursing language enhanced the client's ability to self-manage the chronic illness: diabetes. CONCLUSION Nursing theory and standardized nursing language enhance communication among nurses and support a client's ability to self-manage a chronic illness.
Competition through Interurban Policy Making: Bidding to Host Megaevents as Entrepreneurial Networking

Recent scholarship on policy mobility, globally active municipal governments, and transnational city-to-city policy making suggest a new dynamic in entrepreneurial cities: entrepreneurialism based not only on place competition, but also based on practices of interurban networking. This paper argues that cross-city initiatives to share planning expertise can function both as policy-making networks and as markets for policy knowledge, as urban governance stakeholders strategically leverage intercity initiatives for sharing urban planning knowledge. Bidding to host sporting ‘megaevents’ highlights these networked entrepreneurial strategies. A comparative study of bids to host the Olympic Games over a twenty-year period shows that policy-making knowledge (templates, models, and best practices) shared between cities is both necessary for competing to host events, and represents ‘policy commodities’ that planning coalitions can use as part of their entrepreneurial portfolios. While much commentary on interurban policy making focuses on how policy practices are received by cities or mobilized by international businesses or policy makers, this paper signals to a multidirectional entrepreneurial strategy: although megaevents federations and sponsors developed megaevents knowledge networks to leverage urban planning for profit, many local development coalitions have incorporated these same networks into their competitive strategies.
N < 3 BRANCH AND BOUND METHODS FOR THE TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM by

This paper reviews the state of the art in enumerative solution methods for tu. traveling salesman problem (TSP). The introduction (Section 1) discusses the main ingredients of branch and bound methods for the TSP. Sections 2, 3 and 4 discuss classes of methods based on three different relaxations of the TSP: the assignment problem with the TSP cost function, the 1-tree problem with a Lagrangean objective function, and the assignment problem with a Lagrangean objective function. Section 5 briefly reviews some other relaxations of the TSP, while Section 6 discusses the performance of some state of the art computer codes. Besides material from the literature, the paper also includes the results and statistical analysis of some computational experiments designed for the purposes of this review.
Implementation of Mobile Banking in Bangladesh: Opportunities and Challenges

Mobile banking is a newly added service in the banking sector that facilitates banking via mobile devices. With the tremendous growth in mobile phone usage, banks in the developed world have moved to utilize mobile banking, which makes banking easier, faster, and very cost-effective. Mobile phones have quickly emerged as a successful and popular means of communication in recent years and the researchers believe that growth of mobile banking in Bangladesh is inevitable, especially when banks do not have sufficient number of branches in the rural areas of Bangladesh. The purpose of this research is to assess the Opportunities and Challenges of mobile banking in this country. To accomplish this empirical study, multiple banks have been surveyed which either currently have an operational mobile banking in place or planning to introduce one in the near future. The research shows tremendous potential for mobile banking in Bangladesh and reveals some of the key barriers of progress as well.
Male Financial Consumption is Associated with Higher Mating Intentions and Mating Success

Cross-culturally, male economic power is directly related to reproductive success. Displays of wealth and social status are an important part of human male mating effort. The degree of male financial consumption may be related to variance in life history strategies, as differences in life history patterns are fundamentally differences in the allocation of effort and/or resources. Males who have higher mating intentions may maximize their economic displays, saving little and even spending beyond their capacity through the use of credit. These men may seek and possibly obtain a greater number of sexual partners. This hypothesis was tested in a randomly selected community sample of men aged 18–45 included in a telephone health interview. The degree of financial consumption was directly related to future mating intentions and past mating success, even when accounting for age, years of education completed, and marital status. The degree of financial consumption was not related to future mating intentions or past mating success for women in the same sample.
Mutational analysis of the hepatitis B virus P gene product: domain structure and RNase H activity

To correlate the hepatitis B virus P gene with the enzymatic activities predicted to participate in hepadnavirus reverse transcription, a series of P gene mutants containing missense mutations, in-phase insertions, and in-phase deletions was constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. These mutants were tested in the context of otherwise intact hepatitis B virus genomes for the ability to produce core particles containing the virus-associated polymerase activity. The results obtained suggest that the P protein consists of three functional domains and a nonessential spacer arranged in the following order: terminal protein, spacer, reverse transcriptase/DNA polymerase, and RNase H. The first two domains are separated by a spacer region which could be deleted to a large extent without significant loss of endogenous polymerase activity. In cotransfection experiments, all P gene mutants could be complemented in trans by constructs expressing the wild-type gene product but not by a second P gene mutant. This indicates that the multifunctional P gene is expressed as a single translational unit and independent of the core gene and furthermore that the gene product is freely diffusible and not processed before core assembly.
Community College Faculty Development: Bringing Technology into Instruction.

Community college faculty development programs assist faculty in the development of quality curricula, using current and expanding teaching technologies. The first step in helping faculty reach their respective goals is to help them articulate their instructional needs. Eighteen faculty members participated in this study, using a personal in-depth interview as the research method. Several implications for community college faculty and administration resulted from this study including: the need to emphasize information literacy, the faculty as lecturers who want to use technology as a means of enhancing that lecture, the need for more time to accomplish their instructional ideas, the need for help to incorporate technology in the classroom themselves, and the desire for training classes that fit their time schedules and location.
Daily Variation of Clock Output Gene Activation in Behaviorally Arrhythmic mPer/mCry Triple Mutant Mice

The mammalian central pacemaker, driving circadian rhythms in behavior, physiology, and metabolism, is located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus. At the molecular level, circadian clocks are based on a system of transcriptional/translational feedback loops oscillating with a period of about 24h. In mammals the CLOCK/BMAL1 transcriptional activator complex regulates a set of central clock genes like mPer1, mPer2, mCry1, and mCry2. The corresponding gene products form protein complexes that translocate into the nucleus and inhibit CLOCK/BMAL1‐driven transcription of their own genes and other E‐box containing genes. To elucidate whether only one of these four genes of the negative feedback loop is sufficient to generate a 24h rhythm we generated mPer/mCry triple mutant mice. As could be expected on the basis of the arrhythmicity of mPer1/mPer2 and mCry1/mCry2 double mutant mice, we show that none of the triple mutants is able to maintain circadian rhythmicity in constant darkness. This indicates that a single mPer or mCry gene is not sufficient to drive circadian rhythms. Interestingly however, under light‐dark conditions (LD) the oscillation of some output genes is persisting in these animals indicating that the LD cycle is able to partially drive rhythmic signalling to the body, through an hour‐glass mechanism.
A Fully Functional Rod Visual Pigment in a Blind Mammal

In the blind subterranean mole rat Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies complete ablation of the visual image-forming capability has been accompanied by an expansion of the bilateral projection from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. We have cloned the open reading frame of a visual pigment from Spalax that shows >90% homology with mammalian rod pigments. Baculovirus expression yields a membrane protein with all functional characteristics of a rod visual pigment (λmax = 497 ± 2 nm; pK a of meta I/meta II equilibrium = 6.5; rapid activation of transducin in the light). We not only provide evidence that this Spalax rod pigment is fully functional in vitro but also show that all requirements for a functional pigment are present in vivo. The physiological consequences of this unexpected finding are discussed. One attractive option is that during adaptation to a subterranean lifestyle, the visual system of this mammal has undergone mosaic reorganization, and the visual pigments have adapted to a function in circadian photoreception.
A study of second-year engineering students' alternative conceptions about electric potential, current intensity and Ohm's law

The aim of this research was to evaluate and analyse second-year industrial engineering and chemical engineering students prior knowledge of conceptual aspects of circuit theory. Specifically, we focused on the basic concepts of electric potential and current intensity and on the fundamental relationship between them as expressed by Ohm's law. In order to find out what the students' alternative conceptions were, we gave them a questionnaire containing nine questions dealing with the most basic concepts of circuit theory. These results will be extremely useful for designing and drawing up a teaching unit based on a constructivist approach to teaching and learning processes. It should be emphasized that there is little information available about the alternative conceptions of the population type investigated in this research (university students).
Phase IIa Clinical Trial of Curcumin for the Prevention of Colorectal Neoplasia

Curcumin is derived from the spice tumeric and has antiinflammatory and antineoplastic effects in vitro and in animal models, including preventing aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and adenomas in murine models of colorectal carcinogenesis. Inhibiting the production of the procarcinogenic eicosanoids prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) can suppress carcinogenesis in rodents. Curcumin reduces mucosal concentrations of PGE2 (via inhibition of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2) and 5-HETE (via inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase) in rats. Although preclinical data support curcumin activity in many sites, the poor bioavailability reported for this agent supports its use in the colorectum. We assessed the effects of oral curcumin (2 g or 4 g per day for 30 days) on PGE2 within ACF (primary endpoint), 5-HETE, ACF number, and proliferation in a nonrandomized, open-label clinical trial in 44 eligible smokers with eight or more ACF on screening colonoscopy. We assessed pre- and posttreatment concentrations of PGE2 and 5-HETE by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy in ACF and normal-tissue biopsies; ACF number via rectal endoscopy; proliferation by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry; and curcumin concentrations by high-performance liquid chromatography in serum and rectal mucosal samples. Forty-one subjects completed the study. Neither dose of curcumin reduced PGE2 or 5-HETE within ACF or normal mucosa or reduced Ki-67 in normal mucosa. A significant 40% reduction in ACF number occurred with the 4-g dose (P < 0.005), whereas ACF were not reduced in the 2-g group. The ACF reduction in the 4-g group was associated with a significant, five-fold increase in posttreatment plasma curcumin/conjugate levels (versus pretreatment; P = 0.009). Curcumin was well tolerated at both 2 g and 4 g. Our data suggest that curcumin can decrease ACF number, and this is potentially mediated by curcumin conjugates delivered systemically. Cancer Prev Res; 4(3); 354–64. ©2011 AACR.
The Differential Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines and BDNF among Bipolar Spectrum Disorders

Objective: Emerging evidence suggests that inflammation and neurodegeneration underlies bipolar disorder. To investigate biological markers of cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor between bipolar I, bipolar II, and other specified bipolar disorder with short duration hypomania may support the association with inflammatory dysregulation and bipolar disorder and, more specifically, provide evidence for other specified bipolar disorder with short duration hypomania patients were similar to bipolar II disorder patients from a biological marker perspective. Methods: We enrolled patients with bipolar I disorder (n=234), bipolar II disorder (n=260), other specified bipolar disorder with short duration hypomania (n=243), and healthy controls (n=140). Their clinical symptoms were rated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale. Inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, transforming growth factor-β1, and interleukin-8) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were measured in each group. Multivariate analysis of covariance and linear regression controlled for possible confounders were used to compare cytokine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels among the groups. Results: Multivariate analysis of covariance adjusted for age and sex and a main effect of diagnosis was significant (P<.001). Three of the 5 measured biomarkers (tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β1, and interleukin-8) were significantly (P=.006, .01, and <.001) higher in all bipolar disorder patients than in controls. Moreover, covarying for multiple associated confounders showed that bipolar I disorder patients had significantly higher IL-8 levels than did bipolar II disorder and other specified bipolar disorder with short duration hypomania patients in multivariate analysis of covariance (P=.03) and linear regression (P=.02) analyses. Biomarkers differences between bipolar II disorder and other specified bipolar disorder with short duration hypomania patients were nonsignificant. Conclusion: The immunological disturbance along the bipolar spectrum was most severe in bipolar I disorder patients. Other specified bipolar disorder with short duration hypomania patients and bipolar II disorder patients did not differ in these biological markers.
History curriculum, nation-building and the promotion of common values in Africa: a comparative analysis of Zimbabwe and South Africa.

A challenge for Africa is how to derive common values from the values of diverse communities. The challenge becomes even more difficult in the face of notions such as autonomy, multiculturalism and respect for difference which are accompanying the emergence of neo-liberalism, globalisation and cosmopolitanism. While it is important to respect diversity in a postcolonial society, it is equally important that nation-building should strive for the promotion of common values among the citizenry. This article uses the example of Zimbabwe and South Africa as a comparative case study to investigate how the ruling elites in these two southern African countries have endeavoured to apply the curriculum for nation-building and the promotion of common citizenship by inculcating common values in young citizens. The article also explores the role of the curriculum from the perspective of social constructivism, where ‘curriculum’ is defined as an agency to foster social, cultural and political ideals in society. The academic discipline that is highly vulnerable to the imperatives of nation-building and the interests of the political elite is history, as it is prone to manipulation by political regimes in their hegemonic projects.
Protein S as Cofactor for TFPI

In the last decades evidence was obtained that protein S not only acts as cofactor of activated protein C (APC) in the downregulation of coagulation, but also expresses anticoagulant activity in the absence of APC. The search for the mechanism(s) underlying the APC-independent anticoagulant activity of protein S was hampered by the fact that protein S exhibited 2 seemingly identical anticoagulant activities in model systems and in plasma. Later it was shown that the anticoagulant activity of purified protein S in model systems was dependent on the concentration of phospholipid vesicles and was explained by low amounts of protein S multimers generated during purification that effectively inhibited phospholipid-dependent coagulation reactions via competition for phospholipid binding sites. Plasma does not contain multimers, and the anticoagulant activity of protein S in plasma was not affected by the phospholipid concentration but was dependent on the amount of tissue factor (TF) used for initiation of thrombin generation. This led to the discovery that protein S acts as cofactor of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) which stimulates the inhibition of factor Xa by TFPI ≈10-fold. The current review describes the background of the TFPI-cofactor activity of protein S as well as the rationale for the observation that the TFPI/protein S system particularly inhibits the TF pathway at low procoagulant stimuli.
Rigidez e subjetividades: uma análise cultural em uma organização policial

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a cultura organizacional da Policia Civil do estado do Ceara, contribuir nas analises dessas entidades a partir da apresentacao de evidencias ilustrativas das caracteristicas organizacionais em termos de cultura e melhorar a compreensao das peculiaridades proprias do servico publico, mais especificamente das instituicoes repressoras ao crime. Foi desenvolvida uma revisao de literatura e um estudo de campo, por metodo de estudo de caso. O objeto de analise foi a Policia Civil do estado do Ceara e foram realizadas oito entrevistas semiestruturadas, transcritas e analisadas diante dos objetivos da pesquisa. A analise da fala dos respondentes indicou que prevalecem, na instituicao analisada, posicoes fragmentadas, ambiguas e contraditorias, que podem surgir a partir das tensoes entre estruturas mentais pre-constituidas (especialmente em relacao ao papel da burocracia) e as praticas e processos oriundos da construcao social dos atores organizacionais. As passagens dos relatos dos delegados ilustram que, mesmo considerando o nivel de padronizacao exigido em uma organizacao policial, ate mesmo os lideres das organizacoes de base (delegacias) sao divergentes em diversos aspectos da atividade e da cultura organizacional.
Public understanding of science at the crossroads

With the publication of the House of Lords report "Science and Society" in the spring of 2000, public understanding of science in the United Kingdom is now at something of a crossroads. After well over a decade of efforts to improve what has come to be known as "scientific literacy" among the general population - led by such organizations as the Committee on Public Understanding of Science (CoPUS) - surveys suggest that little has been achieved. But how are we now to interpret this? Is it a failure by the scientific community to "get their message across? " Is the public just insufficiently interested in matters scientific? Or is it that the relationship between the public and scientists, and the dispersal and uptake of information, is more subtle than simple measurement models suppose? And how can the "new age," as envisioned by their Lordships, be realized?
Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy for an Older Dutch Woman With Late-Onset Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complicated by a Cerebral Vascular Accident

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that is known to have deleterious psychological, physical, and social impacts on individuals. Recognition of PTSD in older adults is difficult due to the complicated presentation taking into account that PTSD symptoms may be masked by other psychiatric and/or somatic diagnoses that are more common in older adults. Furthermore, some older adults may underreport their PTSD symptoms, and the relationship between current symptoms and distant traumas may be difficult to detect. Limited empirical research has been done on the manifestation, course, and treatment of PTSD in older adults. In this article, the literature on PTSD in older adults is reviewed, including discussion of common diagnostic problems, illustrated by a case report of an older woman with late-onset PTSD after a cerebral vascular accident (CVA). In conclusion, identifying PTSD in older adults can be difficult. However, detecting PTSD in older adults is critically important so that possibly hidden or masked trauma symptoms can be addressed in treatment, even if there are complicating factors such as a CVA.