Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A System of Pellian Equations and Related Two-Parametric Family of Quartic Thue Equations

We show that solving of the two-parametric family of quartic Thue equations x − 2mnxy + 2 ( m − n + 1 ) xy + 2mnxy + y = 1, using the method of Tzanakis, reduces to solving the system of Pellian equations V 2 − ( m + 2 ) U = −2, Z − ( n − 2 ) U = 2, where parameters m and n = 0, ±1 are integers. The main result in this paper can be stated as follows: If |m| and |n| are sufficiently large and have sufficiently large common divisor, then the system has only the trivial solutions (V, Z, U) = (±m,±n,±1), which implies that the original Thue equation also has only the trivial solutions (x, y) = (±1, 0) , (0,±1).
Intestinal Colonization of Preterm Neonates with Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteria at Hospital Discharge

Our aim was to investigate gut colonization with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) in the population of preterm neonates at discharge from a tertiary care center in Serbia. The study included 350 randomly selected neonates/infants discharged in the period April 2018–May 2019. CRE colonization was present in 88/350 (25.1%) of patients. Klebsiella pneumoniae producing KPC and OXA-48 carbapenemase were detected in 45 and 42 subjects, respectively, while NDM producing Escherichia coli was identified in one patient only. All OXA-48 strains harbored blaCTX-M-15, while both blaTEM and blaSHV were present in all but one KPC-producing strain. CRE isolates exhibited a multidrug resistance pattern with uniform fluoroquinolone resistance, universal susceptibility to colistin, and variable susceptibility to aminoglycosides. Administration of carbapenems was common (~50%) and it was strongly associated with colonization, as well as the combinational therapeutic regimens that included meropenem, contrary to ampicillin–sulbactam/colistin therapy and prolonged course of the initial therapy (ampicillin/amikacin ≥ 7 days). Other risk factors for CRE carriage were level of immaturity, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, prolonged hospitalization and invasive procedures. Although the rate of clinically and/or laboratory proven systemic infections was significantly higher among colonized patients, CRE infection was confirmed in one patient only (1.1%) that was colonized with NDM E. coli. Clonal relatedness of CRE isolates was high, with seven and eight clusters detected among KPC (N = 30) and OXA-48 (N = 37) producing strains, respectively. The follow up of the 31 KPC-colonized patients after discharge from hospital revealed common decolonization within one month (~68%). In conclusion, our results demonstrated a high rate of CRE colonization that is most likely related to carbapenem consumption and lack of screening as important infection prevention practice.
Electrostatic potential of ferroelectric PbTiO3 : Visualized electron polarization of Pb ion

A different method is proposed to evaluate the electrostatic potential and electric field from x-ray diffraction data by using maximum entropy method. The efficiency of the method is revealed in the application to a ferroelectric material PbTiO{sub 3}. Visualized electrostatic potential and electric field on the charge density distribution give a direct evidence for the dipolar polarization of the Pb ion. They show close agreement with results by ab initio calculations.
A comparison study of conditional‐sampling methods used to detect coherent structures in turbulent boundary layers

The present work describes the results of an experimental study of coherent structures in a two‐dimensional zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer by conditional sampling. The main aim of the work is to compare coherent events detected by various conditional sampling methods on a one‐to‐one basis and to investigate the degree of correspondence between them. The conditional‐sampling techniques used include some existing ones, such as the uv‐quadrant, the VITA, the u‐level, and the pattern recognition methods, but also some suggested ones which are based on modifications of existing methods or ideas. The results are presented in two forms. First, the conditional averages of the streamwise and normal velocity fluctuations, and those of the Reynolds stress, are grouped into four classes based on the similarity of the pattern and then compared. Next, the correspondence between events detected by various methods are presented on a scale of zero to one, the latter indicating complete correspondence. The.
Symmetric Daubechies' wavelets and numerical solution of NLS equations

Recent work has shown that wavelet-based numerical schemes are at least as effective and accurate as standard methods and may allow an 'easy' implementation of a spacetime adaptive grid. Up to now, wavelets which have been used for such studies are the 'classical' ones (real Daubechies' wavelets, splines, Shannon and Meyer wavelets, etc) and were applied to diffusion-type equations. The present work differs in two points. Firstly, for the first time we use a new set of complex symmetric wavelets which have been found recently. The advantage of this set is that, unlike classical wavelets, they are simultaneously orthogonal, compactly supported and symmetric. Secondly, we apply these wavelets to the physically meaningful cubic and quintic nonlinear Schrodinger equations. The most common method to simulate these models numerically is the symmetrized split-step Fourier method. For the first time, we propose and study a new way of implementing a global spacetime adaptive discretization in this numerical scheme, based on the interpolation properties of complex-symmetric scaling functions. Second, we propose a locally adaptive 'split-step wavelet' method.
Certain algebraic surfaces with Eisenbud‐Harris general fibration of genus 4

We classify the algebraic surfaces with Eisenbud‐Harris general fibration of genus 4 over a rational curve or an elliptic curve whose slope attains the lower bound. The classification of our surfaces is strongly related to the result of the classification for certain relative quadric hypersurfaces in 3‐dimensional projective space bundles over a rational curve and an elliptic curve. We further prove some results about the canonical maps, the quadric hulls of the canonical images and the deformation for these surfaces.
Motivating HIV Providers in Vietnam to Learn: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of a Mobile Health Continuing Medical Education Intervention

Background The Mobile Continuing Medical Education Project (mCME V.2.0) was a randomized controlled trial designed to test the efficacy of a text messaging (short message service [SMS])–based distance learning program in Vietnam that included daily quiz questions, links to readings and online courses, and performance feedback. The trial resulted in significant increases in self-study behaviors and higher examination scores for intervention versus control participants. Objective The objective of this mixed-methods study was to conduct qualitative and quantitative investigations to understand participants’ views of the intervention. We also developed an explanatory framework for future trial replication. Methods At the endline examination, all intervention participants completed a survey on their perspectives of mCME and self-study behaviors. We convened focus group discussions to assess their experiences with the intervention and attitudes toward continuing medical education. Results A total of 48 HIV specialists in the intervention group completed the endline survey, and 30 participated in the focus group discussions. Survey and focus group data suggested that most clinicians liked the daily quizzes, citing them as convenient mechanisms to convey information in a relevant manner. A total of 43 of the 48 (90%) participants reported that the daily quizzes provided motivation to study for continuing medical education purposes. Additionally, 83% (40/48) of intervention participants expressed that they were better prepared to care for patients with HIV in their communities, compared with 67% (32/48) at baseline. Participation in the online coursework component was low (only 32/48, 67% of intervention participants ever accessed the courses), but most of those who did participate thought the lectures were engaging (26/32, 81%) and relevant (29/32, 91%). Focus group discussions revealed that various factors influenced the clinicians’ decision to engage in higher learning, or “lateral learning,” including the participant’s availability to study, professional relevance of the topic area, and feedback. These variables serve as modifying factors that fit within an adapted version of the health belief model, which can explain behavior change in this context. Conclusions Qualitative and quantitative endline data suggested that mCME V.2. 0 was highly acceptable. Participant behaviors during the trial fit within the health belief model and can explain the intervention’s impact on improving self-study behaviors. The mCME platform is an evidence-based approach with the potential for adoption at a national scale as a method for promoting continuing medical education. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02381743; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02381743
Star formation in Taurus. I: The IRAS Faint Source Survey

A deep infrared survey of a 187 deg 2 region in Taurus using the IRAS Faint Source Survey reveals 63 multiband objects selected on the basis of their infrared properties. Two-thirds of the sample are previously uncataloged and are most likely either deeply embedded objects or unidentified T Tauri stars. Complete IRAS data are presented for these objects. The sample is estimated to be more than 90% complete for objects emitting L≥0.1 L ⊙ between 12 and 60 μm. The luminosity function shows a decline at luminosities below 0.3 L ⊙
Reasons for the Reporting Behavior of Japanese Collegiate Rugby Union Players Regarding Suspected Concussion Symptoms: A Propensity Analysis

While previous research has identified the reasons for the concussion-reporting behavior of rugby union players, the influence of confounding factors such as concussion experience, education, and knowledge of concussion symptoms, any of which may have influenced the results, has not been considered. This study aimed to clarify the reasons for the reporting behavior of college rugby union players regarding suspected concussion symptoms by adjusting for confounding factors using the propensity score. A questionnaire about both concussion knowledge and concussion-reporting behavior was administered to 240 collegiate rugby union players. Of the 208 (86.7%) valid respondents to the questionnaire, 196 (94.2%) had experienced any one symptom of a suspected concussion, such as headache, at least once, and 137 (65.9%) reported symptoms to someone else. This study’s results revealed two important reasons for reporting symptoms: (1) the willingness of players to report experienced symptoms to someone else, along with realizing a concussion, and (2) the willingness of players to report suspected concussion symptoms, despite the absence of a doctor or trainer. These results suggest that providing educational opportunities to recognize suspected concussion symptoms and establishing a team culture of reporting physical problems to someone else is important for improving concussion-reporting behavior.
Notational Analysis and Physiological and Metabolic Responses of Male Junior Badminton Match Play

We examined the game characteristics of badminton and the physiological and metabolic responses in highly trained male junior players. Players from a Badminton England accredited Performance Centre (n = 10, age: 14.0 ± 1.2 y, height: 1.69 ± 0.06 m, body mass: 59.1 ± 5.0 kg) completed a 20-m shuttle run test (V˙O2max: 64 ± 7 mL·kg−1·min−1) and a simulated ability-matched competitive singles badminton game consisting of two 12-min games with a 2-min break wearing the COSMED K5 metabolic system with notational analysis. In five games, 427 points were contested with a rally time of 5.7 ± 3.7 s, a rest time of 11.2 ± 5.9 s, shots per rally of 5.6 ± 3.6, work density of 0.50 ± 0.21, an effective playing time of 32.3 ± 8.4%, and shots frequency of 1.04 ± 0.29. During badminton play, heart rate was 151 ± 12 b·min−1 (82 ± 10% of maximum heart rate), oxygen uptake was 39.2 ± 3.9 mL·kg−1·min−1 (62 ± 7% of V˙O2max), and energy expenditure was 11.2 ± 1.1 kcal·min−1 with a post-game blood lactate of 3.33 ± 0.83 mmol·L−1. Compared to adult badminton play, the physiological responses of junior badminton are lower and may be due to the shorter rally durations. Male junior badminton players should be exposed to training methodologies which include rally durations in excess of what they encounter during match play so as to develop greater consistency. Our observations on game characteristics and physiological responses during junior badminton can be used to inform training practice.
Interactions between two colliding laser produced plasmas

Two types of interaction have been observed between two adjacent expanding plasmas, produced by laser irradiation. The density and temperature of both the initial and interacting plasmas have been measured, by photon scattering For interaction early in the expansion the results can be explained by classical ion-ion collisions, while for later interaction (lower density) electron-electron and electron-ion collisions provide an explanation.
Effects of Mitochondrial ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel in Rats with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Its Association with the AKT/mTOR Pathway

Background: Myocardial infarction is associated with the autophagy and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (AKT/mTOR) pathway plays a crucial role in this mechanism. Methods: Acute myocardial infarction rat models were assessed 0.5, 2, 4, and 6 hours after the induction of the myocardial infarction using hematoxylin and eosin staining, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, myocardial enzyme measurements, and levels of autophagic activity. Additionally, diazoxide, 5-hydroxydecanoate, and LY294002 were intraperitoneally administered to rat models at peak myocardial injury to assess their effects on cardiac injury. The expression levels of autophagy-related and apoptosis-related proteins, as well as p-AKT and p-mTOR, were measured. Electron microscopy was used to assess the ultrastructure and the number of autophagosomes in the cardiac tissue. Results: We demonstrated that the degree of myocardial injury and the level of autophagy were significantly elevated in the experimental cohort compared with the control cohort. In addition, the myocardial infarct size was significantly smaller in diazoxide-treated acute myocardial infarction rats compared with untreated rats. Diazoxide also decreased the levels of myocardial injury markers, autophagy, and apoptosis, while it also induced the levels of AKT and mTOR phosphorylation, decreased the number of autophagosomes, and improved the myocardial ultrastructure of the acute myocardial infarction rats. 5-Hydroxydecanoate treatment resulted in an opposite effect to those observed upon diazoxide treatment. LY294002 was also able to reverse diazoxide treatment effects. Conclusion: Peak levels of myocardial tissue injury and autophagy were observed 2 hours post-acute myocardial infarction induction in rats. Diazoxide treatment inhibited myocardial autophagy and apoptosis while protecting cardiac tissue from ischemic injury, which is likely to have proceeded through activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway.
Applied Artificial Optimization Algorithm in Design Flaws Detection

The detection of design flaws is one of the most important aspects of software quality control, and the process should therefore be an integral part of the development and also the maintenance of software. It is possible to lower costs and extend the useful like cycle of the software simply by detecting design flaws at an early stage, and therefore attempts have been made to automate the procedures involved in detecting and fixing these flaws. One of the most common ways of detecting flaws is through the use of heuristic metrics which use predetermined standards as a means of analyzing the findings. While the approach can work successfully, the problem lies in the determination of those standards, or thresholds. This research study seeks to develop an enhanced method to improve threshold determination to be applied in flaw detection using metric-based designs. Accordingly, for each metric, an algorithm was employed for optimization of the contribution metrics to determine the threshold. The model produced threshold values which could then be adjusted to fit the requirements of the software data input. The findings from the experiments revealed that this approach could generate more appropriate thresholds for application in this context. In addition, the technique was relatively simple and could be used with different software programming languages, reducing the implementation time, and eliminating the need for the specialist expert support which would have traditionally been required in metric-based detection methods.
Interdiurnal Surface Pressure Variations in Brazil: Their Spatial Distributions, Origins and Effects

Abstract A study is made of the spatial correlation of interdiurnal surface pressure variations in Brazil. Pressure oscillations that occur in southern Brazil, associated with midlatitude synoptic systems, are shown to be positively correlated with pressure oscillations near the equator. The correlation maxima show an eastward displacement with increasing lag. Interannual variability in the correlation coefficients is discussed and related to variability in the intensity and frequency of midlatitude systems, which affect the region. Some Southern Hemisphere synoptic systems have a marked effect on convective activity over the Amazon Basin, with the area of maximum activity showing an eastward displacement with time. A principal component analysis reveals that only the patterns of the first four eigenvectors have readily identifiable causes. These are associated with large-scale features, such as planetary waves and blocking, and typical wintertime, summertime and springtime patterns. The corresponding eig.
Local cohomological dimension of algebraic varieties

If X is a smooth scheme of characteristic zero and Yc X is a closed subset, we find topological conditions on the singularities of Y which determine the best possible vanishing theorem for the sheaves of local cohomology Hf(F) for all i > r and all quasicoherent F. Applications include computation of the cohomological dimension of Pn - Y for arbitrary closed subsets Y and extensions of theorems of Lefschetz and Barth to the case of singular varieties.
Replacing Foods with a High-Glycemic Index and High in Saturated Fat by Alternatives with a Low Glycemic Index and Low Saturated Fat Reduces Hepatic Fat, Even in Isocaloric and Macronutrient Matched Conditions

Background: Current guidelines aim to limit the dietary glycemic index (GI) and intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA). Several studies have shown favorable effects of low-GI or low-SFA diets on intrahepatic lipid content (IHL), but these studies were performed under overfeeding conditions or extreme differences in GI or SFA to maximize the contrast between diets. By combining changes in GI and SFA, we can mimic how people can improve their diet in a realistic setting. Objectives: We investigated the effect on liver fat content and substrate metabolism of both reducing GI and replacing SFA with polyunsaturated fat in practically realistic amounts under isocaloric conditions. Design and Methods: In a randomized crossover study, thirteen overweight participants consumed two diets, one high in GI and SFA (high GI/SFA) and one low in GI and SFA (low GI/SFA) with identical macronutrient composition, for two weeks each. Diets were equal in caloric content, consisted of habitual food items, and had a macronutrient composition that can be easily achieved in daily life. At the end of each intervention, IHL content/composition and liver glycogen were measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Additionally, fasted and postprandial hepatic de novo lipogenesis and glycemic and metabolic responses were investigated. Results: IHL was significantly lower (−28%) after the two-week low-GI/SFA diet (2.4 ± 0.5% 95% CI [1.4, 3.4]) than after the two-week high-GI/SFA diet (3.3 ± 0.6% 95% CI [1.9, 4.7], p < 0.05). Although hepatic glycogen content, hepatic de novo lipogenesis, hepatic lipid composition, and substrate oxidation during the night were similar between the two diets, the glycemic response to the low-GI/SFA diet was reduced (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Changes in macronutrient quality can already have drastic effects on liver fat content and postprandial glycemia after two weeks and even when energy content and the percentage of total fat and carbohydrate remains unchanged.
THE STAR-FORMATION HISTORY OF LGS 3

LGS 3 presents the optical appearance of a dwarf spheroidal galaxy, but has a significant neutral hydrogen component. Photometry of its brightest stars with COSMIC at the prime focus of the Hale telescope shows a 10 (superscript 8) year old population and a 10 (superscript 10) year old population. Either we are seeing a recent burst of star formation in a dwarf spheroidal galaxy, or, if intermediate age populations are also present, we are witnesing recent transition from a dwarf irregular to a dwarf spheroidal galaxy.
Microflares in the solar magnetic network

Localized brightenings are found throughout the magnetic network in quiet sun image sequences obtained in the C IV 1548 A line by the SMM satellite's UV spectrometer and polarimeter. Some bright sites are short-lived, while others persist. Plots of the intensity fluctuations show that the enhancements at both short- and long-lived sites are the result of localized impulsive heating events that occur intermittently at the short-lived sites and in more rapid succession at the long-lived ones. The number of these events and their visibility in the wings of the C IV line are consistent with their identification as the explosive events seen in UV spectra. 29 references.
Sex and Gender Differences in Stroke and Their Practical Implications in Acute Care

There are several controversies regarding the role of sex and gender in the pathophysiology and management of acute stroke. Assessing the role of sex, i.e., biological/pathophysiological factors, and gender, i.e., sociocultural factors, in isolation is often not possible since they are closely intertwined with each other. To complicate matters even more, the functional baseline status of women and men at the time of their first stroke is substantially different, whereby women have, on average, a poorer reported/ascertained baseline function compared to men. These differences in baseline variables account for a large part of the differences in post-stroke outcomes between women and men. Adjusting for these baseline differences is difficult, and in many cases, residual confounding cannot be excluded. Despite these obstacles, a better understanding of how patient sex and gender differences influence acute stroke and stroke care pathways is crucial to avoid biases and allow us to provide the best possible care for all acute stroke patients. Disregarding patient sex and gender on one hand and ignoring potential confounding factors in sex- and gender-stratified analyses on the other hand, may cause researchers to come to erroneous conclusions and physicians to provide suboptimal care. This review outlines sex- and gender-related factors in key aspects of acute stroke, including acute stroke epidemiology, diagnosis, access to care, treatment outcomes, and post-acute care. We also attempt to outline knowledge gaps, which deserve to be studied in further detail, and practical implications for physicians treating acute stroke patients in their daily practice.