Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Embodiment as Procedures: Physical Cleansing Changes Goal Priming Effects

Physical cleansing reduces the influence of numerous psychological experiences, such as guilt from immoral behavior, dissonance from free choice, and good/bad luck from winning/losing. How do these domain-general effects occur? We propose an integrative account of cleansing as an embodied procedure of psychological separation. By separating physical traces from a physical target object (e.g., detaching dirt from hands), cleansing serves as the embodied grounding for the separation of psychological traces from a psychological target object (e.g., dissociating prior experience from the present self). This account predicts that cleansing reduces the accessibility of psychological traces and their consequences for judgments and behaviors. Testing these in the context of goal priming, we find that wiping one’s hands (vs. not) decreases the mental accessibility (Experiment 1), behavioral expression (Experiment 2), and judged importance (Experiments 3–4) of previously primed goals (e.g., achievement, saving, fitness). But if a goal is primed after cleansing, its importance gets amplified instead (Experiment 3). Based on the logic of moderation-of-process, an alternative manipulation that psychologically separates a primed goal from the present self produces the same effects, but critically, the effects vanish once people wipe their hands clean (Experiment 4), consistent with the notion that cleansing functions as an embodied procedure of psychological separation. These findings have implications for the flexibility of goal pursuit. More broadly, our procedural perspective generates novel predictions about the scope and mechanisms of cleansing effects and may help integrate embodied and related phenomena.
A 50-Gb/s 10-mW Analog Equalizer Using Transformer Feedback Technique in 65-nm CMOS Technology

A 50-Gb/s low-power analog equalizer has been realized in 65-nm CMOS technology. This equalizer adopts the proposed transformer feedback technique to achieve a peaking gain of 18 dB at 25 GHz and low-power dissipation. The whole equalizer without the output buffer consumes 10 mW from a 1-V supply. The chip occupies 0.35 times 0.27 mm2. For a 50-Gb/s pseudorandom bit sequence of 27 - 1 , the measured bit error rate is less than 10-12, and the measured maximum root-mean-square and peak-to-peak jitters are 2.7 and 12.4 ps, respectively.
A Chemical Reaction Network to Generate Random, Power-Law-Distributed Time Intervals

In Lévy walks (LWs), particles move with a fixed speed along straight line segments and turn in new directions after random time intervals that are distributed according to a power law. Such LWs are thought to be an advantageous foraging and search strategy for organisms. While complex nervous systems are certainly capable of producing such behavior, it is not clear at present how single-cell organisms can generate the long-term correlated control signals required for a LW. Here, we construct a biochemical reaction system that generates long-time correlated concentration fluctuations of a signaling substance, with a tunable fractional exponent of the autocorrelation function. The network is based on well-known modules, and its basic function is highly robust with respect to the parameter settings.
Structural and functional relations among thioredoxins of different species

Three‐dimensional models have been constructed of homologous thioredoxins and protein disulfide isomerases based on the high resolution x‐ray crystallographic structure of the oxidized form of Escherichia coli thioredoxin. The thioredoxins, from archebacteria to humans, have 27–69% sequence identity to E. coli thioredoxin. The models indicate that all the proteins have similar three‐dimensional structures despite the large variation in amino acid sequences. As expected, residues in the active site region of thioredoxins are highly conserved. These include Asp‐26, Ala‐29, Trp‐31, Cys‐32, Gly‐33, Pro‐34, Cys‐35, Asp‐61, Pro‐76, and Gly‐92. Similar residues occur in most protein disulfide isomerase sequences. Most of these residues form the surface around the active site that appears to facilitate interactions with other enzymes.
Nonselective Blocking of the Sympathetic Nervous System Decreases Detrusor Overactivity in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

The involuntary dual control systems of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in the bladder of awake spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were investigated through simultaneous registrations of intravesical and intraabdominal pressures to observe detrusor overactivity (DO) objectively as a core symptom of an overactive bladder. SHRs (n = 6) showed the features of overactive bladder syndrome during urodynamic study, especially DO during the filling phase. After injection of the nonselective sympathetic blocking agent labetalol, DO disappeared in 3 of 6 SHRs (50%). DO frequency decreased from 0.98 ± 0.22 min−1 to 0.28 ± 0.19 min−1 (p < 0.01), and DO pressure decreased from 3.82 ± 0.57 cm H2O to 1.90 ± 0.86 cm H2O (p < 0.05). This suggests that the DO originating from the overactive parasympathetic nervous system is attenuated by the nonselective blocking of the sympathetic nervous system. The detailed mechanism behind this result is still not known, but parasympathetic overactivity seems to require overactive sympathetic nervous system activity in a kind of balance between these two systems. These findings are consistent with recent clinical findings suggesting that patients with idiopathic overactive bladder may have ANS dysfunction, particularly a sympathetic dysfunction. The search for newer and better drugs than the current anticholinergic drugs as the mainstay for overactive bladder will be fueled by our research on these sympathetic mechanisms. Further studies of this principle are required.
Culture and Automatic Emotion Regulation

2 <h1> Margot was driving to pick up her nephew from preschool when another driver cut her off and then suddenly slowed down, forcing her to slam on her brakes. You might expect Margot to have become enraged. But she remained quite calm. How could this be? One explanation that leaps to mind is that Margot told herself to calm down, determinedly gripping the steering wheel and clenching her teeth. This explanation comes naturally to the Western mind because it fits well with the venerable Platonian metaphor of passion (e.g., an angry impulse) being reined in by reason (e.g., reminding oneself to be reasonable). Yet, becoming angry never even crossed Margot's mind. In her native Hawaii, people just don't display anger with other drivers. It is important to note that these rules didn't enter Margot's mind – she decreased her anger without making a conscious effort. Interestingly, after spending some time in Southern California, the same Margot reports responding with intense rage at similar incursions. This example illustrates how people can regulate their emotions without conscious effort but automatically and according to their sociocultural context. The aim of the present chapter is to further our understanding of such automatic processes in emotion regulation (AER) by examining what sociocultural contexts engender AER, and what consequences two types of AER (response-focused versus antecedent-focused) have for individuals' emotional experiences, behaviors, and physiological responses. <h1> Emotions and Emotion Regulation Before we can talk about emotion regulation, we need to define what we mean by emotion. We define emotions as multi-faceted, whole-organism phenomena that involve changes in the domains of subjective experience, behavior, and physiology. Emotions arise when an individual attends to a situation and evaluates it as directly relevant to his or her goals (Frijda, 1988; Gross & Thompson, 2006). As the row labeled " Emotional Process " in Figure 1 illustrates, this definition implies a chronological sequence of events, involving, first, a real or imaginary situation; second, attention to and evaluation of the situation 3 (appraisal) by the individual; and, third, an emotional response, usually involving experience, behavior, and physiology. [Insert figure 1 about here] With an understanding of individuals as agentic beings rather than passive emitters of emotions, researchers have become interested in the ways in which individuals attempt to regulate their emotional responses. We and others define emotion regulation as deliberate or automatic changes in any aspect of the emotional response, …
Evolution from Power Grid to Smart Grid: Design challenges

Smart Grid is the future of electricity based on information and telecommunication technology. This article presents the characteristics of the new technological developments in this field, some of the standards included in it, along with several implementation strategies. The validity of the novel proposed approach was demonstrated by simulation with a dedicated module which allows checking how each part of the architecture responds to various case studies. Taking into account the novelty of the subject, this paper brings new opportunities to explore and develop this subject.
Increased Expression of Bcl11b Leads to Chemoresistance Accompanied by G1 Accumulation

Background The expression of BCL11B was reported in T-cells, neurons and keratinocytes. Aberrations of BCL11B locus leading to abnormal gene transcription were identified in human hematological disorders and corresponding animal models. Recently, the elevated levels of Bcl11b protein have been described in a subset of squameous cell carcinoma cases. Despite the rapidly accumulating knowledge concerning Bcl11b biology, the contribution of this protein to normal or transformed cell homeostasis remains open. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, by employing an overexpression strategy we revealed formerly unidentified features of Bcl11b. Two different T-cell lines were forced to express BCL11B at levels similar to those observed in primary T-cell leukemias. This resulted in markedly increased resistance to radiomimetic drugs while no influence on death-receptor apoptotic pathway was observed. Apoptosis resistance triggered by BCL11B overexpression was accompanied by a cell cycle delay caused by accumulation of cells at G1. This cell cycle restriction was associated with upregulation of CDKN1C (p57) and CDKN2C (p18) cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors. Moreover, p27 and p130 proteins accumulated and the SKP2 gene encoding a protein of the ubiquitin-binding complex responsible for their degradation was repressed. Furthermore, the expression of the MYCN oncogene was silenced which resulted in significant depletion of the protein in cells expressing high BCL11B levels. Both cell cycle restriction and resistance to DNA-damage-induced apoptosis coincided and required the histone deacetylase binding N-terminal domain of Bcl11b. The sensitivity to genotoxic stress could be restored by the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatine A. Conclusions The data presented here suggest a potential role of BCL11B in tumor survival and encourage developing Bcl11b-inhibitory approaches as a potential tool to specifically target chemoresistant tumor cells.
Parallel and pseudorandom discrete event system specification vs. networks of spiking neurons: Formalization and preliminary implementation results

Usual Parallel Discrete Event System Specification (P-DEVS) allows specifying systems from modeling to simulation. However, the framework does not incorporate parallel and stochastic simulations. This work intends to extend P-DEVS to parallel simulations and pseudorandom number generators in the context of a spiking neural network. The discrete event specification presented here makes explicit and centralized the parallel computation of events as well as their routing, making further implementations easier. It is then expected to dispose of a well defined mathematical and computational framework to deal with networks of spiking neurons.
Determination of cell division axes in the early embryogenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans

The establishment of cell division axes was examined in the early embryonic divisions of Caenorhabditis elegans. It has been shown previously that there are two different patterns of cleavage during early embryogenesis. In one set of cells, which undergo predominantly determinative divisions, the division axes are established successively in the same orientation, while division axes in the other set, which divide mainly proliferatively, have an orthogonal pattern of division. We have investigated the establishment of these axes by following the movement of the centrosomes. Centrosome separation follows a reproducible pattern in all cells, and this pattern by itself results in an orthogonal pattern of cleavage. In those cells that divide on the same axis, there is an additional directed rotation of pairs of centrosomes together with the nucleus through well-defined angles. Intact microtubules are required for rotation; rotation is prevented by inhibitors of polymerization and depolymerization of microtubules. We have examined the distribution of microtubules in fixed embryos during rotation. From these and other data we infer that microtubules running from the centrosome to the cortex have a central role in aligning the centrosome-nuclear complex.
A hitchhiker's guide to diffusion tensor imaging

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) studies are increasingly popular among clinicians and researchers as they provide unique insights into brain network connectivity. However, in order to optimize the use of DTI, several technical and methodological aspects must be factored in. These include decisions on: acquisition protocol, artifact handling, data quality control, reconstruction algorithm, and visualization approaches, and quantitative analysis methodology. Furthermore, the researcher and/or clinician also needs to take into account and decide on the most suited software tool(s) for each stage of the DTI analysis pipeline. Herein, we provide a straightforward hitchhiker's guide, covering all of the workflow's major stages. Ultimately, this guide will help newcomers navigate the most critical roadblocks in the analysis and further encourage the use of DTI.
Unsynchronized ultrasound system for TDOA localization

Indoor localization based on time difference of arrival (TDOA) has been recently a promising field of study. We consider the previously unsolved problem of locating a moving target receiver by using unsynchronized stationary beacons without requirement of manual calibration. Thus, the received signals and their time of arrival (TOA) have to be assigned to a beacon. Besides, in order to automatically calibrate the system it is required to estimate the time offsets between the senders, their positions and the initial receiver position. We present an approach to estimate all the variables of the scenario using the gradient descent and the Gauss-Newton method, two local optimization algorithms which use the derivative of a system of hyperbolic error equations. Besides, we present an ultrasound transmission system approach which fulfils the requirements of this scenario, being robust against multipath and estimating the reception time with high accuracy. In order to avoid interference by echoes the packet size is reduced by using two frequencies in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM). Further, the transmission system enables distinction of the beacons, as the ultrasound signals are used both for localization and for information transmission. The simulations show the local optimization algorithms are capable of estimating the positions of the beacons, receivers and offsets. They require only a rough knowledge of the sender positions. Further, real experiments show that the timestamps are measured with a standard deviation of only 1.19 μs for a SNR of 10 dB, which corresponds to standard deviation of about 0.4 mm for the distance measurement.
Understanding the culture of prescribing: qualitative study of general practitioners' and patients' perceptions of antibiotics for sore throats

Abstract Objectives: To better understand reasons for antibiotics being prescribed for sore throats despite well known evidence that they are generally of little help. Design: Qualitative study with semi-structured interviews. Setting: General practices in South Wales. Subjects: 21 general practitioners and 17 of their patients who had recently consulted for a sore throat or upper respiratory tract infection. Main outcome measures: Subjects' experience of management of the illness, patients' expectations, beliefs about antibiotic treatment for sore throats, and ideas for reducing prescribing. Results: Doctors knew of the evidence for marginal effectiveness yet often prescribed for good relationships with patients. Possible patient benefit outweighed theoretical community risk from resistant bacteria. Most doctors found prescribing “against the evidence” uncomfortable and realised this probably increased workload. Explanations of the distinction between virus and bacterium often led to perceived confusion. Clinicians were divided on the value of leaflets and national campaigns, but several favoured patient empowerment for self care by other members of the primary care team. Patient expectations were seldom made explicit, and many were not met. A third of patients had a clear expectation for antibiotics, and mothers were more likely to accept non-antibiotic treatment for their children than for themselves. Satisfaction was not necessarily related to receiving antibiotics, with many seeking reassurance, further information, and pain relief. Conclusions: This prescribing decision is greatly influenced by considerations of the doctor-patient relationship. Consulting strategies that make patient expectations explicit without damaging relationships might reduce unwanted antibiotics. Repeating evidence for lack of effectiveness is unlikely to change doctors' prescribing, but information about risk to individual patients might. Emphasising positive aspects of non-antibiotic treatment and lack of efficacy in general might be helpful.
Real time degradation identification of UAV using machine learning techniques

The usages and functionalities of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have grown rapidly during the last years. They are being engaged in many types of missions, ranging from military to agriculture passing by entertainment and rescue or even delivery. Nonetheless, for being able to perform such tasks, UAVs have to navigate safely in an often dynamic and partly unknown environment. This brings many challenges to overcome, some of which can lead to damages or degradations of different body parts. Thus, new tools and methods are required to allow the successful analysis and identification of the different threats that UAVs have to manage during their missions or flights. Various approaches, addressing this domain, have been proposed. However, most of them typically identify the changes in the UAVs behavior rather than the issue. This work presents an approach, which focuses not only on identifying degradations of UAVs during flights, but estimate the source of the failure as well.
Concern Localization using Information Retrieval: An Empirical Study on Linux Kernel

Many software maintenance activities need to find code units (functions, files, etc.) that implement a certain concern (features, bugs, etc.). To facilitate such activities, many approaches have been proposed to automatically link code units with concerns described in natural languages, which are termed as concern localization and often employ Information Retrieval (IR) techniques. There has not been a study that evaluates and compares the effectiveness of latest IR techniques on a large dataset. This study fills this gap by investigating ten IR techniques, some of which are new and have not been used for concern localization, on a Linux kernel dataset. The Linux kernel dataset contains more than 1,500 concerns that are linked to over 85,000 C functions. We have evaluated the effectiveness of the ten techniques on recovering the links between the concerns and the implementing functions and ranked the IR techniques based on their precisions on concern localization. Keywords-concern localization; information retrieval; Linux kernel; mean average precision;
Verified interoperable implementations of security protocols

We present an architecture and tools for verifying implementations of security protocols. Our implementations can run with both concrete and symbolic implementations of cryptographic algorithms. The concrete implementation is for production and interoperability testing. The symbolic implementation is for debugging and formal verification. We develop our approach for protocols written in F#, a dialect of ML, and verify them by compilation to ProVerif a resolution-based theorem prover for cryptographic protocols. We establish the correctness of this compilation scheme, and we illustrate our approach with protocols for Web services security
OCEAN: the open computation exchange and arbitration network, a market approach to meta computing

Rapid advancements in processor and networking technologies have led to the evolution of cluster and grid computing frameworks. These high-performance computing environments exploit geographically distributed, diverse resources with the goal of providing efficient computing solutions to all kinds of parallel and distributed applications. OCEAN (Open Computation Exchange and Arbitration Network) provides a scalable market-based infrastructure to such meta-computing frameworks. OCEAN aims to build a marketplace where resources like CPU time, associated memory usage and network bandwidth are the traded commodities. This paper explains the technical challenges faced in the design of OCEAN and discusses our proposed solution. To facilitate finding suitable resources for buyers, we developed efficient matching and evolution protocols for the peer-to-peer matching network. The architecture and various components of OCEAN are described in detail. We implemented OCEAN on Java and . NET platforms and describe results from our preliminary experiments.
Hidden Markov model length optimization for handwriting recognition systems

This paper investigates the use of three different schemes to optimize the number of states of linear left-to-right hidden Markov models (HMM). In the first method, we describe the fixed length modeling scheme where each character model is assigned the same number of states. The second method considered is the Bakis length modeling where the number of model states is set to a given fraction of the average number of observations of the corresponding character. In the third modeling scheme the number of model states is set to a specified quantile of the corresponding character length histogram. This method is called quantile length modeling. A comparison of different length modeling schemes was carried out with a handwriting recognition system using off-line images of cursively handwritten English words from the IAM database. For the fixed length modeling, a recognition rate of 61% was achieved. Using the Bakis or quantile length modeling the word recognition rates could be improved to over 69%.