Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Percepción de las habilidades de convivencia escolar en la Enseñanza Universitaria: análisis comparativo de la validez de constructo entre España y Brasil

This paper makes a theoretical and a descriptive analysis of the psycho-instructional profiles of the teaching styles of Higher Education teachers about social skills and competences directly related to the promotion of school co-existence. The main objective is establishing the comparative analysis of university teaching self-perceived of a sample of teachers of Spanish and Brazilian universities. From the construction and validation of a Likert scale of self-perceived teaching competence in university teaching (CEVES) we develop a conceptual model of professional variables of teaching competence in the Higher Education level, based on integrative approaches of Instructional and Positive Psychology. Through an expert judgment process and sampling of N=205 Higher Education professors in the field of Humanities and Social Sciences, we analyzed the self-perceptions results comparatively between spanish and brazilian universities in each of the variables.
FORKING IN THE FREE GROUP

We study model-theoretic and stability-theoretic properties of the non-abelian free group in the light of Sela's recent result on stability and results announced by Bestvina and Feighn on ‘negligible subsets' of free groups. We point out analogies between the free group and so-called bad groups of finite Morley rank, and prove ‘non-CM-triviality' of the free group.
Effects of glucosamine, chondroitin, or placebo in patients with osteoarthritis of hip or knee: network meta-analysis

Objective To determine the effect of glucosamine, chondroitin, or the two in combination on joint pain and on radiological progression of disease in osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. Design Network meta-analysis. Direct comparisons within trials were combined with indirect evidence from other trials by using a Bayesian model that allowed the synthesis of multiple time points. Main outcome measure Pain intensity. Secondary outcome was change in minimal width of joint space. The minimal clinically important difference between preparations and placebo was prespecified at −0.9 cm on a 10 cm visual analogue scale. Data sources Electronic databases and conference proceedings from inception to June 2009, expert contact, relevant websites. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Large scale randomised controlled trials in more than 200 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip that compared glucosamine, chondroitin, or their combination with placebo or head to head. Results 10 trials in 3803 patients were included. On a 10 cm visual analogue scale the overall difference in pain intensity compared with placebo was −0.4 cm (95% credible interval −0.7 to −0.1 cm) for glucosamine, −0.3 cm (−0.7 to 0.0 cm) for chondroitin, and −0.5 cm (−0.9 to 0.0 cm) for the combination. For none of the estimates did the 95% credible intervals cross the boundary of the minimal clinically important difference. Industry independent trials showed smaller effects than commercially funded trials (P=0.02 for interaction). The differences in changes in minimal width of joint space were all minute, with 95% credible intervals overlapping zero. Conclusions Compared with placebo, glucosamine, chondroitin, and their combination do not reduce joint pain or have an impact on narrowing of joint space. Health authorities and health insurers should not cover the costs of these preparations, and new prescriptions to patients who have not received treatment should be discouraged.
Fast and Cost-Effective Mining of Microsatellite Markers Using NGS Technology: An Example of a Korean Water Deer Hydropotes inermis argyropus

Background Microsatellites, a special class of repetitive DNA sequence, have become one of the most popular genetic markers for population/conservation genetic studies. However, its application to endangered species has been impeded by high development costs, a lack of available sequences, and technical difficulties. The water deer Hydropotes inermis is the sole existing endangered species of the subfamily Capreolinae. Although population genetics studies are urgently required for conservation management, no species-specific microsatellite marker has been reported. Methods We adopted next-generation sequencing (NGS) to elucidate the microsatellite markers of Korean water deer and overcome these impediments on marker developments. We performed genotyping to determine the efficiency of this method as applied to population genetics. Results We obtained 98 Mbp of nucleotide information from 260,467 sequence reads. A total of 20,101 di-/tri-nucleotide repeat motifs were identified; di-repeats were 5.9-fold more common than tri-repeats. [CA]n and [AAC]n/[AAT]n repeats were the most frequent di- and tri-repeats, respectively. Of the 17,206 di-repeats, 12,471 microsatellite primer pairs were derived. PCR amplification of 400 primer pairs yielded 106 amplicons and 79 polymorphic markers from 20 individual Korean water deer. Polymorphic rates of the 79 new microsatellites varied from 2 to 11 alleles per locus (He: 0.050–0.880; Ho: 0.000–1.000), while those of known microsatellite markers transferred from cattle to Chinese water deer ranged from 4 to 6 alleles per locus (He: 0.279–0.714; Ho: 0.300–0.400). Conclusions Polymorphic microsatellite markers from Korean water deer were successfully identified using NGS without any prior sequence information and deposited into the public database. Thus, the methods described herein represent a rapid and low-cost way to investigate the population genetics of endangered/non-model species.
Large File Transmission Using Self-Adaptive Data Fragmentation in Opportunistic Networks

Delivery ratio of large file transmission in opportunistic networks is low for the characteristics of opportunistic networks. In order to improve the ability of transferring large files, a kind of data fragmentation strategy is proposed in this paper: self-adaptive data fragmentation (SADF). The size of data fragment in SADF is based on historical statistic transmission rate and historical statistic connection duration between communicating nodes. The SADF strategy makes full use of current networking connection, minimizing the overhead caused by fragmentation control information. Simulation results show that the proposed fragmentation strategies can improve delivery ratio of large file greatly.
Evaluation of Event-Aware Environmental Data Compression Schemes for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks offer scientists new ways to measure the environment by utilising remote sensors to record important events or variables in an area of interest. Sensor nodes transmit their readings across the network back to a base station where they can then be processed for further analysis. Transmission is a costly operation for sensor nodes due to its relatively high consumption of the sensors’ limited energy source. This raises the question, “Can we reduce the number of transmissions by a sensor without losing any data quality? ” Reducing transmission costs will prolong network existence resulting in data collection over a longer period. One solution to this problem is the use of data compression techniques to reduce the number of transmitted readings and thus conserve a sensor’s power. Piecewise linear representation and Haar wavelets are two data compression methods that can be implemented on a sensor node; their effectiveness is evaluated in this paper. Both algorithms were simulated using data collected from field experiments and results find piecewise linear approximation to be superior. The piecewise linear approximation algorithm evaluated in this dissertation is proven as a solution for controlling transmission costs. However, it operates by compressing data in a non-discriminatory fashion. When monitoring particular environmental phenomena, periods exist where measurement parameters, like the compression threshold, need to be adjusted. This is especially relevant during important events where a sensor should modify its measurement process to record data with maximum accuracy. To achieve this functionality, an adaptive algorithm is developed for soil moisture data sets that extends piecewise representation by incorporating a level of event awareness during measurement. Results show the adaptive measurement technique records critical events at an improved resolution, without significantly reducing the energy savings associated with the standard compression process.
10-Gb/s Inductorless CDRs With Digital Frequency Calibration

Two 10-Gb/s inductorless clock and data recovery (CDR) circuits using different gated digital-controlled oscillators (GDCO) are presented. A digital frequency calibration is adopted to save the power consumption and chip area. They have been fabricated in 0.18-mum CMOS process. By using the complementary gating technique, the first CDR circuit occupies an active area of 0.16 mm2 and draws 36 mW from a 1.8 V supply. The measured rms jitter and peak-to-peak jitter is 8.5 ps and 42.7 ps , respectively. By using the quadrature gating technique, the second CDR circuit consumes an active area of 0.25 mm2 and its power consumption of 56 mW. The measured rms jitter and peak-to-peak jitter is 3.4 ps and 21.8 ps, respectively. The power of the second CDR circuit is higher than that of the first one but its jitter is reduced.
Emmert's Law in the Dark: Active and Passive Proprioceptive Effects on Positive Visual Afterimages

The relationship between apparent size and apparent distance is given by Emmert's law, which states that a retinal image is proportional in size to the distance of the surface it is projected upon. This principle also applies to retinal afterimages in that they, too, will change in apparent size if distance cues suggest that the location of the object projected onto the retinal image has been altered. It has also been known for some time that non-retinal cues can produce quantitative and qualitative effects on an afterimage when it is viewed in the dark. In the present two studies, positive afterimages of an observer's hand, as well as objects held by that hand, were used as targets to investigate the effects on size-constancy scaling of moving the hand to and fro along the line of sight for different distances in the dark. Results show that, when observers focus on a held object, the changes in size predicted by Emmert's law occur in response to both active and passive proprioceptive or haptic cues. The most intriguing result consisted of the finding that, when only the hand is the target, there appears to be a limit to the decrease in apparent hand size. It appears that the visual system ‘refuses’ to size-scale the hand below a limit it accepts as representative or acceptable of ‘its’ hand.
Suicide prevention strategies: a systematic review.

CONTEXT In 2002, an estimated 877,000 lives were lost worldwide through suicide. Some developed nations have implemented national suicide prevention plans. Although these plans generally propose multiple interventions, their effectiveness is rarely evaluated. OBJECTIVES To examine evidence for the effectiveness of specific suicide-preventive interventions and to make recommendations for future prevention programs and research. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION Relevant publications were identified via electronic searches of MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and PsychINFO databases using multiple search terms related to suicide prevention. Studies, published between 1966 and June 2005, included those that evaluated preventative interventions in major domains; education and awareness for the general public and for professionals; screening tools for at-risk individuals; treatment of psychiatric disorders; restricting access to lethal means; and responsible media reporting of suicide. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted on primary outcomes of interest: suicidal behavior (completion, attempt, ideation), intermediary or secondary outcomes (treatment seeking, identification of at-risk individuals, antidepressant prescription/use rates, referrals), or both. Experts from 15 countries reviewed all studies. Included articles were those that reported on completed and attempted suicide and suicidal ideation; or, where applicable, intermediate outcomes, including help-seeking behavior, identification of at-risk individuals, entry into treatment, and antidepressant prescription rates. We included 3 major types of studies for which the research question was clearly defined: systematic reviews and meta-analyses (n = 10); quantitative studies, either randomized controlled trials (n = 18) or cohort studies (n = 24); and ecological, or population- based studies (n = 41). Heterogeneity of study populations and methodology did not permit formal meta-analysis; thus, a narrative synthesis is presented. DATA SYNTHESIS Education of physicians and restricting access to lethal means were found to prevent suicide. Other methods including public education, screening programs, and media education need more testing. CONCLUSIONS Physician education in depression recognition and treatment and restricting access to lethal methods reduce suicide rates. Other interventions need more evidence of efficacy. Ascertaining which components of suicide prevention programs are effective in reducing rates of suicide and suicide attempt is essential in order to optimize use of limited resources.
Gene Environment Interactions in Women With Breast and Secondary Lung Cancer

Abstract : Women with breast cancer are at increased risk for developing a second primary tumor in the lung. There may be a greater risk for women who receive radiotherapy and smoke. 110 cases with breast and lung cancer and 123 controls with breast cancer only were collected through the Swedish Cancer Registry in Stockholm, Sweden. Two pathologists jointly conducted a review to verify the registered primary status of the lung tumors. About 25% of lung tumors could not be confirmed as primary and these cases were excluded from data analysis. Four possible markers of susceptibility to lung cancer after breast cancer were examined: p53 mutations, p16 and Ecad methylation, and Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ERA). 81% of control breast tumors, 73% of case breast tumors, and 2% of case lung tumors were positive for ERA by immunohistochemistry. We found a decreased risk of lung cancer diagnosed less than ten years after breast cancer associated with strongly positive ERA expression in breast tumors (OR 0.08 CI 0.008-0.5). 2% of control breast tumors, 4% of case breast tumors, and 15% of case lung tumors were positive for p16 promoter methylation. No breast tumors and 11% of case lung tumors were positive for Ecad promoter methylation. Methylation of p16 or Ecad in lung tumors was associated with radiotherapy and ipsilateral lung tumors diagnosed greater than ten years after breast cancer (p=0.03). 4% of control breast tumors, 5% of case breast tumors, and 21% of case lung tumors were positive for p53 mutations. Though limited by small sample size, this project will be a unique addition to the study of primary lung cancer after breast cancer. We found that as much as 25% of lung tumors registered as primary may actually be metastases, that ERA positive breast tumors are associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer diagnosed less than ten years after breast cancer, and that methylation of p16 or Ecad is associated with lung tumors characteristic of radiationinduced cancer.
Repeated self-poisoning: increasing severity of self-harm as a predictor of subsequent suicide

Background Prediction of suicide risk is difficult in clinical practice. Aims To identify changes in clinical presentation predictive of suicide in patients treated for repeated episodes of self-poisoning. Method A nested case–control study used the Hunter Area Toxicology Service database to identify exposure variables and the National Death Index to identify suicide. Cases were patients who had hospital treatment on more than one occasion between 15 January 1987 and 31 December 2000. Results There were 31 cases, for which 93 controls were selected. Study variables associated with an increased risk of subsequent suicide were an increase in the number of drugs ingested (odds ratio 2.59, 95% CI 1.48–4.51), an increase in the dose ingested (OR1.33, 95% CI 1.01–1.76), an increase in coma score (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.11–2.66), a decrease in Glasgow Coma Score (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.03–1.43) and an increase in drug or alcohol misuse (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.06–5.10). Conclusions Patients who have escalating severity of self-poisoning episodes are at high risk of completed suicide.
Towards the Development of an initial Trust Model for the Adoption of Internet Banking Services in Jordan

Internet banking service (IBS) is transforming the traditional ways of customer banking. Although IBS is very common in developed countries, however, its adoption by customers in developing countries is still very slow. This may well be due to the lack of customer’s trust in IBS in developing countries. This paper studies the important issue of customer’s initial trust in IBS in the Jordanian context and proposes the customer initial trust model. The objective of this model is to understand and analyse the underlying factors that affect the early stage of trust (i.e. initial customer trust) in IBS, which may, impact customer’s initial intention to use IBS. The proposed model of customer’s initial trust in IBS integrates constructs from Diffusion of Innovation (DoI) theory, Hofstede culture theory and trust literature. The distinguishable property of this model is the incorporation of national culture dimensions on initial trust. The proposed model will assist Jordanian banks in understanding the factors that may impact their customers’ initial trust in IBS.
Oxidative Stresses and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Age-Related Hearing Loss

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL), the progressive loss of hearing associated with aging, is the most common sensory disorder in the elderly population. The pathology of ARHL includes the hair cells of the organ of Corti, stria vascularis, and afferent spiral ganglion neurons as well as the central auditory pathways. Many studies have suggested that the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA damage, the production of reactive oxygen species, and decreased antioxidant function are associated with subsequent cochlear senescence in response to aging stress. Mitochondria play a crucial role in the induction of intrinsic apoptosis in cochlear cells. ARHL can be prevented in laboratory animals by certain interventions, such as caloric restriction and supplementation with antioxidants. In this review, we will focus on previous research concerning the role of the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathology of ARHL in both animal models and humans and introduce concepts that have recently emerged regarding the mechanisms of the development of ARHL.
Experimental Evaluation of a WiFi Device in an Undersea Environment

In undersea environment, development of low-cost communication module is highly important for dissemination of undersea wireless sensor networks. Some undersea wireless sensor network applications do not require high performance communication capability such as transmission distance. If the terrestrial low-cost communication module can be used in the undersea environment, it is possible to use the module in some undersea wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we evaluate the communication capability of a commercially available WiFi device in an undersea environment. In the experiment, we use a mobile access point as a sender node and an Android tablet as a receiver node. Through evaluations, we show that the transmission distance of WiFi device is around 0.1 m in an undersea environment. In addition, we evaluate a fish farm monitoring system based on WiFi modules through simulations.
Rats and Humans Can Optimally Accumulate Evidence for Decision-Making

How to Make Decisions Recently, a number of methods to probe internal properties of nonlinear neural systems have been developed. In these methods, highly variable stimuli are used to explore the input space of the system. Neural responses are then studied using models that take advantage of the known trial-by-trial stimulus information. Brunton et al. (p. 95) adapted this combined approach to decision-making. Both in rats and humans, the diffusion constant of the drift-diffusion model of decision-making was zero, implying that the noise is all in the processing of sensory input and not in the evidence accumulator. In addition, rats gradually accumulated evidence for decision-making, with strong effects of sensory adaptation on gradual accumulation of evidence. A model of decision-making that is based on the accumulative processing of noisy information is described. The gradual and noisy accumulation of evidence is a fundamental component of decision-making, with noise playing a key role as the source of variability and errors. However, the origins of this noise have never been determined. We developed decision-making tasks in which sensory evidence is delivered in randomly timed pulses, and analyzed the resulting data with models that use the richly detailed information of each trial’s pulse timing to distinguish between different decision-making mechanisms. This analysis allowed measurement of the magnitude of noise in the accumulator’s memory, separately from noise associated with incoming sensory evidence. In our tasks, the accumulator’s memory was noiseless, for both rats and humans. In contrast, the addition of new sensory evidence was the primary source of variability. We suggest our task and modeling approach as a powerful method for revealing internal properties of decision-making processes.
EEG Coherence and Musical Thinking

This study was performed to test the usefulness of the EEG as a research instrument for music psychology in individuals. Measuring the degree of functional interrelatedness of brain areas by coherence estimates has turned out to be more efficient than amplitude mapping. Therefore, the method, based on the analysis of EEG periods of at least 1 min, has been expanded to estimate all possible coherence values between the 19 electrodes (i.e., 171 values) and to observe any significant changes in those values caused by different musical tasks. This report concerns observations in a total of 49 healthy subjects (29 male and 20 female). The main goal of this study was to determine the degree of engagement of either hemisphere in the processing of music. Two items were shown to indicate hemispheric involvement: (1) the topographic distribution of "focal points of coherence" (brain areas participating in coherence changes with respect to a great number of other brain areas) and (2) the number of intrahemispheric coherence increases. In most cases, both items seem to focus on the same hemisphere. Taking these as parameters for hemispheric engagement, the following principal observations were made: the beta bands (and particularly their uppermost ranges) seem to play a major role in the processing of music; the hemispheric engagement, however, need not be the same for each frequency band. No hemisphere seems to be preferred. When listening to music is shifted between different styles, laterality may change. When the same tasks are repeated at several weeks9 intervals, a fairly large degree of consistency is found. Imagining music and composing clearly differs from listening by activating many more coherence increases in the beta band and by an increasing percentage of hemispheric interaction. This kind of analysis may also provide some clues as to how a piece of music is processed by an individual. The coherence changes observed may represent events taking place in a system of differential attention that selects and orders the sensory inputs before the musical material is further processed at higher order hierarchical levels.