Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The GNU libstdc++ parallel mode: software engineering considerations

The C++ Standard Library implementation provided with the free GNU C++ compiler, libstdc++, provides a "parallel mode" as of version 4.3. Using this mode enables existing serial code to take advantage of many parallelized STL algorithms, an approach to making use of multi-core processors which are now or will soon will be ubiquitous. This paper describes the software engineering issues discovered during implementation, the results of user testing, and presents possible solutions to outstanding issues. Design issues with configuring the software environment to a wide variety of multi-core hardware options, influencing algorithm and parameter choices at compile and run time, standards compliance, and the interplay between execution speed, the executable size, the library code size, and the compilation time are addressed.
Molecular docking and virtual screening for novel protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) functions as major negative regulator of insulin and leptin signaling pathways. In view of this, PTP1B is an significant target for drug development against cancer, diabetes and obesity. The aim of the current study is to identify PTP1B inhibitors by means of virtual screening with docking. 523,366 molecules from ZINC database have been screened and based on DOCK grid scores and hydrogen bonding interactions five new potential inhibitors were identified. ZINC12502589, ZINC13213457, ZINC25721858, ZINC31392733 and ZINC04096400 were identified as potential lead molecules for inhibition of PTP1B. The identified molecules were subjected to Lipinski's rule of five parameters and found that they did not violate any rule. More specific analysis of pharmacological parameters may be scrutinized through a complete ADME/Tox evaluation. Pharma algorithm was used to Calculate ADME–Tox profiles for such molecules. In general, all the molecules presented advantages and as well as disadvantages when compared to each other. No marked difference in health effects and toxicity profiles were observed among these molecules.
Telomere changes in human hepatocellular carcinomas and hepatitis virus infected noncancerous livers

Telomeres, at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, are defined functionally as necessary for chromosome stability. Chromosome instability induced in part by loss of telomeric DNA has been considered to play a significant role in the development of human cancers. However, little is known about the status of telomeres per se during human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development.
Hanging as a method of suicide: a retrospective study

Objectives: Hanging is a common cause of death worldwide as well as a method of suicide with a high fatality rate, In this retrospective study, data were obtained from cases of hanging reported to Department of Forensic Medicine at the province of Basrah, Iraq, in order to analyze the characteristics of hanging, to focus on its distribution by gender, age groups, marital status, the place of occurrence of the incident, ligature types used, autopsy findings and manner of death, and to determine the possible causes of hanging fatalities over the period of the study, in addition to various other associated factors with the aim to find out which individuals are more prone to death by hanging and to explore the potential control and preventive measures. Methodology: Over a period of seven years, from January 2010 to December 2016. data from autopsy reports, together with information from police investigation reports and history obtained from relatives were used in this study. Results: A total of 184 forensic autopsies were conducted on cases of death due to hanging during the period of the study. The highest proportion of hanging cases was suicidal in nature (86%). Twenty eight percent of the suicidal hanging victims were in their 3 decade of life, and the incidence rate of hanging among female and male victims was almost equal, female to male ratio was 1.1:1. Conclusion: Hanging is a common cause of suicide in our society, especially among young individuals. Prevention of death by hanging is not easy since different types of materials can be used as a ligature.
Defuzzify firstly or finally: Dose it matter in fuzzy DEMATEL under uncertain environment?

Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method is widely used in many real applications. With the desirable property of efficient handling with the uncertain information in decision making, the fuzzy DEMATEL is heavily studied. Recently, Dytczak and Ginda suggested to defuzzify the fuzzy numbers firstly and then use the classical DEMATEL to obtain the final result. In this short paper, we show that it is not reasonable in some situations. The results of defuzzification at the first step are not coincide with the results of defuzzification at the final step.It seems that the alternative is to defuzzification in the final step in fuzzy DEMATEL.
The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS): Impetus, Rationale, and Genesis

Diarrheal disease remains one of the top 2 causes of young child mortality in the developing world. Whereas improvements in water/sanitation infrastructure and hygiene can diminish transmission of enteric pathogens, vaccines can also hasten the decline of diarrheal disease morbidity and mortality. From 1980 through approximately 2004, various case/control and small cohort studies were undertaken to address the etiology of pediatric diarrhea in developing countries. Many studies had methodological limitations and came to divergent conclusions, making it difficult to prioritize the relative importance of different pathogens. Consequently, in the first years of the millennium there was no consensus on what diarrheal disease vaccines should be developed or implemented; however, there was consensus on the need for a well-designed study to obtain information on the etiology and burden of more severe forms of diarrheal disease to guide global investment and implementation decisions. Accordingly, the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) was designed to overcome drawbacks of earlier studies and determine the etiology and population-based burden of pediatric diarrheal disease. GEMS, which includes one of the largest case/control studies of an infectious disease syndrome ever undertaken (target approximately 12 600 analyzable cases and 12 600 controls), was rolled out in 4 sites in sub-Saharan Africa (Gambia, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique) and 3 in South Asia (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan), with each site linked to a population under demographic surveillance (total approximately 467 000 child years of observation among children <5 years of age). GEMS data will guide investment and help prioritize strategies to mitigate the morbidity and mortality of pediatric diarrheal disease.
Rosetting of activated human T lymphocytes with autologous erythrocytes. Definition of the receptor and ligand molecules as CD2 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3)

CD2, also known as LFA-2, T11, and the E rosette receptor, is a T lymphocyte surface protein functionally important in adhesion to target cells and T cell triggering. LFA-3 is a widely distributed cell surface protein that functions in adhesion on target cells. We find that LFA-3 is expressed on human E, and that CD2 is a receptor for LFA-3 that mediates T cell adhesion to human E. Pretreatment of T lymphocytes with CD2 mAb or of E with LFA-3 mAb inhibits rosetting. Purified CD2 molecules bind to human E and inhibit rosetting. 125I-CD2 binding to E is inhibited by LFA-3 mAb; reciprocally, binding of LFA-3 mAb to human E is inhibited by pretreatment with purified CD2. Higher concentrations of CD2 aggregate human E; aggregation is inhibited by mAb to LFA-3.
Recent advances in bioengineering of the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica

The oleaginous yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica, is becoming increasing popular for metabolic engineering applications. Advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering have allowed microorganisms such as Y. lipolytica to be tailored for specific chemical production. Significant progress has been made to understand the genetics of Y. lipolytica and towards developing novel genetic engineering tools, leading to accelerated metabolic engineering efforts for a variety of different products. In this review, we discuss recent advances in genetic engineering tools and metabolic engineering achievements specific to Y. lipolytica. Topics covered in this review include genetic manipulation and expression systems, lipid-based products, peroxisome-based products and alternative sugar utilization.
Extraction of Unexpected Rules from Twitter Hashtags and its Application to Sport Events

Twitter has become a dependable microblogging tool for real time information dissemination and newsworthy events broadcast. Its users sometimes break news on the network faster than traditional newsagents due to their presence at ongoing real life events at most times. Different topic detection methods are currently used to match Twitter posts to real life news of mainstream media. In this paper, we analyse tweets relating to the English FA Cup finals 2012 by applying our novel method named TRCM to extract association rules present in hash tag keywords of tweets in different time-slots. Our system identify evolving hash tag keywords with strong association rules in each time-slot. We then map the identified hash tag keywords to event highlights of the game as reported in the ground truth of the main stream media. The performance effectiveness measure of our experiments show that our method perform well as a Topic Detection and Tracking approach.
Nephrectomy followed by interferon alfa-2b compared with interferon alfa-2b alone for metastatic renal-cell cancer.

BACKGROUND The value of nephrectomy in metastatic renal-cell cancer has long been debated. Several nonrandomized studies suggest a higher rate of response to systemic therapy and longer survival in patients who have undergone nephrectomy. METHODS We randomly assigned patients with metastatic renal-cell cancer who were acceptable candidates for nephrectomy to undergo radical nephrectomy followed by therapy with interferon alfa-2b or to receive interferon alfa-2b therapy alone. The primary end point was survival, and the secondary end point was a response of the tumor to treatment. RESULTS The median survival of 120 eligible patients assigned to surgery followed by interferon was 11.1 months, and among the 121 eligible patients assigned to interferon alone it was 8.1 months (P=0.05). The difference in median survival between the two groups was independent of performance status, metastatic site, and the presence or absence of a measurable metastatic lesion. CONCLUSIONS Nephrectomy followed by interferon therapy results in longer survival among patients with metastatic renal-cell cancer than does interferon therapy alone.
Supplementary Information of the article ‘ Glocal ’ Robustness Analysis and Model Discrimination for Circadian Oscillators

Supplementary Information of the article ‘Glocal’ Robustness Analysis and Model Discrimination for Circadian Oscillators Marc Hafner, Heinz Koeppl, Martin Hasler Andreas Wagner2,3,5,6,∗ 1 School of Computer and Communication Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland 3 Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 4 Plectix Biosystems, Somerville, MA 02144, USA 5 The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA 6 Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA ∗ E-mail: aw@bioc.unizh. ch
Effects of Interrupted Insulin Treatment on Fetal Outcome of Pregnant Diabetic Rats

Streptozocin-induced diabetic female rats became normoglycemic after subcutaneous insertion of insulin-releasing osmotic minipumps. These female rats were mated with normal males from the same Sprague-Dawley substrain. In this substrain, the offspring of diabetic rats show a markedly increased congenital malformation rate compared with fetuses of nondiabetic rats. The pregnant diabetic rats were subjected to removal and insertion of pumps at defined gestational days that marked the beginning or end of a 2- or 4-day period of insulin withdrawal. Evaluation of the offspring on day 20 of pregnancy included fetal/placental weights, estimated number of implants, resorptions, and morphological assessment of congenital malformations. Resorptions occurred in all interruption groups, but malformations were found only in animals with insulin withdrawal on gestational days 4–8, 6–8, 6–10, 8–10, and 8–12. The highest resorption (42%) and malformation (17%) rates were found in the rats subjected to insulin withdrawal during gestational days 6–10. Because manifestly diabetic rats with no insulin treatment showed similar resorption (39%) and malformation (17%) rates, this study suggests that a teratogenic period in diabetic rat pregnancy occurs during gestational days 6–10, a period corresponding to postconceptional wk 2–4 in human pregnancy. Interruption of insulin treatment induced similar maternal weight loss and similar maternal serum concentrations of D-glucose, cholesterol, urea, and creatinine in rats with and without malformed offspring. Although the teratogenic agents of diabetic pregnancy in this animal model remain to be identified, the simultaneously high levels of serum β-hydroxybutyrate and triglycerides in the rats with the highest malformation rate suggest that the teratogenic environment may include a severe disturbance in maternal lipid metabolism in addition to glucose dysregulation.
Recent advances in magnetoliposome for heart drug delivery

Abstract Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) also have been subject of interest to the therapeutic and imaging field because of their unique magnetic properties. Magnetoliposomes (MLs) are made up of a combination of liposomes and magnetic NPs, and they have been proven to be a potential biomaterial to fields like magnetic-targeted drug delivery, MRI, etc. The efficiency of a drug delivery system to the heart determines the treatment strategy for most of the heart diseases. In this review article, we summarize the recent development and updates in the application of MLs as a drug delivery system for heart/cardiac diseases.
Impaired Purinergic Neurotransmission to Mesenteric Arteries in Deoxycorticosterone Acetate-Salt Hypertensive Rats

Sympathetic nerves release norepinephrine and ATP onto mesenteric arteries. In deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats, there is increased arterial sympathetic neurotransmission attributable, in part, to impaired prejunctional regulation of norepinephrine release. Prejunctional regulation purinergic transmission in hypertension is less well understood. We hypothesized that α2-adrenergic receptor dysfunction alters purinergic neurotransmission to arteries in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Mesenteric artery preparations were maintained in vitro, and intracellular electrophysiological methods were used to record excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) from smooth muscle cells. EJP amplitude was reduced in smooth muscle cells from DOCA-salt (4±1 mV) compared with control arteries (9±1 mV; P<0.05). When using short trains of stimulation (0.5 Hz; 5 pulses), the α2adrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine (1 &mgr;mol/L) potentiated EJPs in control more than in DOCA-salt arteries (180±35% versus 86±7%; P<0.05). Norepinephrine (0.1 to 3.0 &mgr;mol/L), the α2adrenergic receptor agonist UK 14304 (0.001 to 0.100 &mgr;mol/L), the A1 adenosine receptor agonist cyclopentyladensosine (0.3 to 100.0 &mgr;mol/L), and the N-type calcium channel blocker &ohgr;-conotoxin GVIA (0.0003 to 0.1000 &mgr;mol/L) decreased EJP amplitude equally well in control and DOCA-salt arteries. Trains of stimuli (10 Hz) depleted ATP stores more completely, and the latency to EJP recovery was longer in DOCA-salt compared with control arteries. These data indicate that there is reduced purinergic input to mesenteric arteries of DOCA-salt rats because of decreased ATP bioavailability in sympathetic nerves. These data highlight the potential importance of impaired purinergic regulation of arterial tone as a target for drug treatment of hypertension.
Switching to unboosted atazanavir reduces bilirubin and triglycerides without compromising treatment efficacy in UGT1A1*28 polymorphism carriers.

OBJECTIVES Hyperbilirubinaemia is a frequent complication of atazanavir-containing antiretroviral therapy and its severity is related to UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) 1A1*28 polymorphism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and outcome of unboosted atazanavir-containing regimens based on the genetic constitution. METHODS Fifty-one HIV-1-infected patients on boosted atazanavir were prospectively enrolled in the study. Twenty-five patients with a UGT1A1*28 allele switched to 400 mg of unboosted atazanavir. RESULTS At baseline, UGT1A1 heterozygous and homozygous patients had significantly higher bilirubin levels than wild-type (P = 0.012 and P < 0.001, respectively). After ritonavir removal, a reduction was observed in total bilirubin (from 4.09 to 1.82 mg/dL; P < 0.001), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (P = 0.015), triglycerides (P = 0.03) and total cholesterol (P = 0.05). No significant changes in CD4 T cell count and no increases in viral load were observed 12 months after unboosting. Plasma drug monitoring after ritonavir removal revealed the presence of therapeutic atazanavir concentrations in all patients except one with poor therapy adherence. CONCLUSIONS UGT1A1*28 is significantly related to hyperbilirubinaemia in HIV-1 patients receiving atazanavir. Genotyping before the initiation of antiretroviral therapy can reduce the emergence of severe hyperbilirubinaemia. Unboosted atazanavir-containing therapy is safe and efficacious in patients with an undetectable viral load with a UGT1A1*28 polymorphism, allowing the use of atazanavir in patients otherwise likely unable to receive it.
Evaluating visualization in formal requirements specification : an experiment with human subjects

Software used onboard aerospace systems is becoming more and more complex as its functionality expands; moreover, much of it is safety-critical. In that context, the requirements specification phase of the development becomes critically important for the success of a project and the safety of the system in operation. Formal methods have the potential to solve many of the problems encountered when specifying large and complex control software systems. However, they need to be reviewable no less than informal methods. Graphical visualization of formal specification represents an attractive way to improve reviewability at little cost. Unfortunately, no visualization design principles exist in the particular field of requirements specification. This thesis presents a few sample visualizations of the formal specification of the vertical guidance system of a commercial aircraft. It also suggests principles for evaluating such visualizations. Although these principles were drawn from related fields, they still need to be evaluated in the context of formal specification. An experiment using human subjects to evaluate the principles is described. Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Nancy G. Leveson Title: Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Testing analytics on software variability

Software testing is a tool-driven process. However, there are many situations in which different hardware/software components are tightly integrated. Thus system integration testing has to be manually executed to evaluate the system's compliance with its specified requirements and performance. There could be many combinations of changes as different versions of hardware and software components could be upgraded and/or substituted. Occasionally, some software components could even be replaced by clones. The whole system after each component change demands to be re-tested to ensure proper system behavior. For better utilization of resources, there is a need to prioritize the past test cases to test the newly integrated systems. We propose a way to facilitate the use of historical testing records of the previous systems so that a testcase portfolio can be developed, which intends to maximize testing resources for the same integrated product family. As the proposed framework does not consider much of internal software complexity, the implementation costs are relatively low.
Effect of selenium nanoparticles with different sizes in primary cultured intestinal epithelial cells of crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio

Nano-selenium (Se), with its high bioavailability and low toxicity, has attracted wide attention for its potential application in the prevention of oxidative damage in animal tissues. However, the effect of nano-Se of different sizes on the intestinal epithelial cells of the crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) is poorly understood. Our study showed that different sizes and doses of nano-Se have varied effects on the cellular protein contents and the enzyme activities of secreted lactate dehydrogenase, intracellular sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. It was also indicated that nano-Se had a size-dependent effect on the primary intestinal epithelial cells of the crucian carp. Thus, these findings may bring us a step closer to understanding the size effect and the bioavailability of nano-Se on the intestinal tract of the crucian carp.
A short course of low-molecular-weight heparin to prevent deep venous thrombosis after elective total hip replacement.

OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of a short course of low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin) in the prevention of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after elective total hip replacement. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. Follow-up was a minimum of 3 months. SETTING An acute-care hospital with a large-volume practice of elective total joint replacement. PATIENTS A prospective group of 150 patients who required primary total hip arthroplasty and a historic control group of 150 patients. All patients were treated with compression stockings, indomethacin and early mobilization. The treatment group received low-molecular-weight heparin, 30 mg every 12 hours for 5 days postoperatively; the control group received no specific anticoagulant therapy. INTERVENTIONS Total hip replacement. Doppler venography on postoperative day 5 and 2 to 5 days later if required. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Presence or absence of deep venous thrombosis. Wound hemorrhage, transfusion rate, number of units of blood transfused and changes in the hemoglobin level. RESULTS The incidence of proximal deep venous thrombosis (popliteal vein to common iliac vein) was 0% in the treatment group versus 4% in the control group. There was no difference in bleeding or number of transfusions required. There was, however, a significant (p = 0.005) drop in hemoglobin level in the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS A short course of low-molecular-weight heparin provides effective protection against proximal deep venous thrombosis without significantly increasing the risk to the patient. The treatment is compatible with early patient discharge and the pharmacologic prevention of heterotopic ossification after total joint replacement.