Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TIRA: Truth Inference via Reliability Aggregation on Object-Source Graph

Crowdsourcing platforms collect massive dirty claims that are provided by sources for crowdsourced objects, which prompts truth inference to be proposed for crowdsourcing data denoising. Although current graph-based truth-inference methods achieve remarkable success by capturing complex crowdsourcing relationships, they typically suffer from two challenges: 1) They fail to obtain complete crowdsourcing relationships because of the structural limitations of crowdsourcing relationship graphs; 2) Their vector initialization methods for objects and sources are disturbed by claim noise, which limits them from obtaining correct object and source semantics. To cope with these challenges, we propose a novel <bold>T</bold>ruth-<bold>I</bold>nference method via <bold>R</bold>eliability <bold>A</bold>ggregation (TIRA) on an object-source graph. Specifically, we propose a hierarchical graph auto-encoder to adapt to a reasonable object-source graph, which enables TIRA to capture complete crowdsourcing relationships from multiple perspectives. To better guide TIRA, we design a vector initialization method based on source reliabilities to map the denoised claims to a representation space of objects and sources. Finally, TIRA aggregates the reliability information on an object-source graph to generate object embeddings for truth inference. We conducted extensive experiments on 12 real-world datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms 12 state-of-the-art baselines in terms of the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$accuracy$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mi>r</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="wu-ieq1-3225308.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$weighted\_{F}1$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>w</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mi>h</mml:mi><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:mo>_</mml:mo><mml:mi>F</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="wu-ieq2-3225308.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>.
A Lower Serum Antioxidant Capacity as a Distinctive Feature for Women with HER2+ Breast Cancer: A Preliminary Study

Simple Summary HER2 overexpression in breast tumors serves as a biomarker of aggressive cancer and a poor prognosis. This protein contributes to redox imbalance in the pro-oxidative sense. The study aimed to investigate the infrared spectrum wavenumbers obtained by ATR-FTIR and their relationship with the levels of blood redox status markers. Our results indicate that HER2+ Breast Cancer (BC) cases could be distinguished from HER2− BC and benign breast disease (BBD) cases by their lower serum antioxidant capacity. These unprecedented findings allowed us to assess biochemical changes that occur before clinical signs and allowed us to monitor the tumor. Thus, these data advance knowledge about changes revealed by ATR-FTIR and the lower serum antioxidant capacity, showing our preliminary distinctive feature of these HER2+ molecular subtypes. This research should be extended to a larger sample population. Abstract The overexpression of HER2 in breast cancer (BC) can contribute to redox imbalance, which is related to damage and structural modification in many biomolecules. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has investigated the infrared spectrum wavenumbers obtained by ATR-FTIR and their relationship with the levels of redox status markers such as reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and protein carbonyl among women with HER2+ BC, HER2− BC, and benign breast disease (BBD). The study was conducted with 25 women, 17 of whom were diagnosed with BC (6 HER2+ and 11 HER2−) and 8 with BBD. Our results indicate HER2+ BC cases could be distinguished from HER2− BC and BBD cases by their serum’s antioxidant capacity [HER2+ BC vs. HER2− BC (AUC = 0.818; specificity = 81.82%; sensitivity = 66.67%); HER2+ BC vs. BBD (AUC = 0.875; specificity = 75%; sensitivity = 83.33%)]. The changes in biochemical terms that occur in serum as a result of the scarcity of antioxidants are related to a peculiar fingerprint in the infrared spectrum obtained by ATR-FTIR. In the serum of women with BBD, the SOD enzyme level is the highest, and this characteristic allowed us to distinguish them from HER2− BC. Finally, data regarding the serological antioxidant capacity of FRAP and the infrared spectrum by ATR-FTIR will allow us to assess biochemical changes that occur before clinical signs, indicating whether changes in therapy or interventions are necessary.
Application of Renewable Natural Materials for Gas and Water Shutoff Processes in Oil Wells

We propose a complex sealing compound for increasing the efficiency of shutoff operations based on natural materials processing for materials such as sand, peat, rice, and husks. We studied the influence of mechanical activation processes on the mechanical and rheological properties of the developed sealants. Through mechanochemical activation, sand dissolution in a low-concentrated alkali solution was possible, and gelling the resulting sodium silicate while reinforcing it with undissolved sand particles to obtain a sealant composition. We used this approach to produce a hybrid sealing compound based on activated rice husks with up to 20% biogenic silicon dioxide combined with mechanically activated peat: the maximum shear strain of the hybrid sealant was 27.7 ± 1.7 Pa. We produced hydrogels based on sodium silicate, polyacrylamide, and chromium acetate, reinforced with mechanically activated rice husks. We studied the sealants’ rheological and filtration properties and observed the respective viscoplastic and viscoelastic properties. An increase in the dispersion concentration from 0 to 0.5% increased the maximum strain value of undestroyed hydrogel’s structure in the range 50–91 Pa and the maximum shear strain from 104 to 128 Pa. The high residual resistance factor values of the ideal fracture model make the natural and plant-renewable raw materials very promising for repair and sealing work.
A New Cryptic Species of the Genus Mychonastes (Chlorophyceae, Sphaeropleales)

A new species of green coccoid algae, Mychonastes hindakii sp. nov., was isolated from the River Moscow (Russia, Moscow). The taxon is described using morphological and molecular methods. Mychonastes hindakii sp. nov. belongs to the group of species of the genus Mychonastes with spherical single cells joined with mucilaginous, irregularly shaped stalks. A comparison of ITS2 rDNA sequences and its secondary structures combined with the compensatory base changes approach confirms the separation between Mychonastes hindakii and other species of the genus. Mychonastes hindakii sp. nov. represents a cryptic species that can only be reliably identified using molecular data.
Motorcycle detection and counting using stereo camera, IR camera, and microphone array

Detection, classification, and characterization are the key to enhancing motorcycle safety, motorcycle operations and motorcycle travel estimation. Average motorcycle fatalities per Vehicle Mile Traveled (VMT) are currently estimated at 30 times those of auto fatalities. Although it has been an active research area for many years, motorcycle detection still remains a challenging task. Working with FHWA, we have developed a hybrid motorcycle detection and counting system using a suite of sensors including stereo camera, thermal IR camera and unidirectional microphone array. The IR thermal camera can capture the unique thermal signatures associated with the motorcycle’s exhaust pipes that often show bright elongated blobs in IR images. The stereo camera in the system is used to detect the motorcyclist who can be easily windowed out in the stereo disparity map. If the motorcyclist is detected through his or her 3D body recognition, motorcycle is detected. Microphones are used to detect motorcycles that often produce low frequency acoustic signals. All three microphones in the microphone array are placed in strategic locations on the sensor platform to minimize the interferences of background noises from sources such as rain and wind. Field test results show that this hybrid motorcycle detection and counting system has an excellent performance.
The Effect of Exchange Rates and Interest Rates on Sharia Stock Index in Indonesia: Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic

The Islamic Stock Market is starting to take on a role in Indonesia's developing Islamic finance sector. One of the stock price indicators can be seen from the combined sharia stock index, which currently has four types of stock indexes. Previous research found several factors that influence the fluctuations in the sharia stock index, both from internal company factors and macroeconomic conditions. However, little research still compares the effects of exchange rates before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to provide new empirical data on the conditions of the Islamic stock market in Indonesia before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Practically, this research analyses the Islamic capital market and regulators in formulating financial policies. What used the linear regression method to process secondary data in daily data on the JII stock index, JII 70, exchange rates, and interest rates. The study results show that exchange rates and interest rates affect ISSI, JII, and JII70 before and during the pandemic.
Corporate Social Responsibility and GCG Disclosure on Firm Value with Profitability

Purpose: The CSR program is one of the efforts made by the company to have a positive impact on the community as a result of the company's operational activities. Furthermore, the CSR programs that have been implemented provide information to shareholders that can be used to assess the firm's future survival. This study aims to scrutinize the CSR and GCG’s effects on firm value as well as verify if profitability either strengthens or weakens CSR and GCG on firm value. Research design, data and methodology: To attain this purpose this study used Stakeholder Theory, The Signaling Theory, The Legitimacy Theory, and The Agency Theory, the authors used a quantitative research method, and this study’s population was manufacturing companies listed on the IDX (Indonesian Stock Exchange) in 2017-2019. Employing a purposive sampling method, 31 companies were obtained. Thus, the data were tested employing the multiple linear regression method with Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) utilizing SPSS. Results: This research’s results indicated that CSR affected firm value, and managerial ownership influenced firm value. Meanwhile, GCG, as measured by institutional ownership, did not impact firm value. In addition, profitability could moderate CSR and managerial ownership, but profitability could not moderate institutional ownership
Psychosocial Problems and Condomless Anal Sex among Transgender Women in Two Cities of China: Study Based on the Syndemic Framework

Studies examining the association between psychosocial problems and condomless anal sex (CAS) among transgender women (TGW) are rare. In this study, close attention was paid to the effect of co-occurring psychosocial problems on sexual risk behaviors. A cross-sectional study, including 247 TGW, was conducted in Kunming and Shenyang, China. The prevalence of condomless anal sex among TGW in the previous 6 months was 30.8%. Most of the psychosocial factors were associated with one another in bivariate logistic regression models. Low self-esteem (ORm = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.25–7.18), sexual compulsivity (ORm = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.13–4.00), and intimate partner violence (ORm = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.19–4.11) were discovered to be related to condomless anal sex in the multivariate regression model. No significant interactive effects of the syndemic factors on condomless anal sex were detected. More programmatic and effective HIV prevention interventions targeting psychosocial problems are required to reduce HIV infection within the population.
Synthetic Melanin Acts as Efficient Peptide Carrier in Cancer Vaccine Strategy

We previously reported that a novel peptide vaccine platform, based on synthetic melanin nanoaggregates, triggers strong cytotoxic immune responses and significantly suppresses tumor growth in mice. However, the mechanisms underlying such an efficacy remained poorly described. Herein, we investigated the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in presenting the antigen embedded in the vaccine formulation, as well as the potential stimulatory effect of melanin upon these cells, in vitro by coculture experiments and ELISA/flow cytometry analysis. The vaccine efficiency was evaluated in FLT3-L−/− mice constitutively deficient in DC1, DC2, and pDCs, in Zbtb46DTR chimera mice deficient in DC1 and DC2, and in LangerinDTR mice deficient in dermal DC1 and Langerhans cells. We concluded that DCs, and especially migratory conventional type 1 dendritic cells, seem crucial for mounting the immune response after melanin-based vaccination. We also assessed the protective effect of L-DOPA melanin on peptides from enzymatic digestion, as well as the biodistribution of melanin–peptide nanoaggregates, after subcutaneous injection using [18F]MEL050 PET imaging in mice. L-DOPA melanin proved to act as an efficient carrier for peptides by fully protecting them from enzymatic degradation. L-DOPA melanin did not display any direct stimulatory effects on dendritic cells in vitro. Using PET imaging, we detected melanin–peptide nanoaggregates up to three weeks after subcutaneous injections within the secondary lymphoid tissues, which could explain the sustained immune response observed (up to 4 months) with this vaccine technology.
ECOLOGICAL CONTENT ANALYSIS IN BOHLKE’S SKILLFUL READING AND WRITING

Ecology has long been a part of processes in current education. Hence it has become gentle evidence that the instillation of ecological values has been carried out extensively and thoroughly to students. One of the ecological promotion media is textbooks. This study aimed to analyze the ecological content of reading materials and instructions in the Skillful Reading and Writing book – a compulsory student book in the Critical Reading and Writing I course. Reading materials and instructions were on the analysis from the aspects developed by Rule and Atkinson (1994) namely appreciation of nature, realistic ecological problems, positive tone, appropriate illustrations, and hope for a solution. This study belongs to qualitative descriptive research with document study data collection techniques. The content analysis results revealed - at least - half of all readings in the book treat the natural environment. Of the five ecological aspects, they could be sorted according to the degree of conformity, namely positive tone (4.9), appreciation of nature (4.05), realistic ecological problems (4.15), appropriate illustrations (3.5), and hope for a solution (2.0). However, not all those selected readings are supplemented with learning instructions leading to real actions to preserve and appreciate environments. Therefore, teachers should make a purposively instructional adjustment to students’ conservation practices.
PGP-Bacterium Pseudomonas protegens Improves Bread Wheat Growth and Mitigates Herbicide and Drought Stress

The reaction of plants to simultaneous stress action and treatment with biological stimulants still remains poorly studied. Laboratory and field experiments have been conducted to study the growth and yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of the variety Ekada 113; stress markers and quantitative ratios of phytohormones in plants under insufficient soil moisture; the effects of spraying with herbicide containing 2,4-D and dicamba and growth-stimulating bacterium Pseudomonas protegens DA1.2; and combinations of these factors. Under water shortage conditions, spraying plants with Chistalan reduced their growth compared to non-sprayed plants, which was associated with inhibition of root growth and a decrease in the content of endogenous auxins in the plants. Under conditions of combined stress, the treatment of plants with the strain P. protegens DA1.2 increased the IAA/ABA ratio and prevented inhibition of root growth by auxin-like herbicide, ensuring water absorption by the roots as well as increased transpiration. As a result, the content of malondialdehyde oxidative stress marker was reduced. Bacterization improved the water balance of wheat plants under arid field conditions. The addition of bacterium P. protegens DA1.2 to the herbicide Chistalan increased relative water content in wheat leaves by 11% compared to plants treated with herbicide alone. Application of the bacterial strain P. protegens DA1.2 increased the amount of harvested grain from 2.0–2.2 t/ha to 3.2–3.6 t/ha. Thus, auxin-like herbicide Chistalan and auxin-producing bacterium P. protegens DA1.2 may affect the balance of phytohormones in different ways. This could be the potential reason for the improvement in wheat plants’ growth during dry periods when the bacterium P. protegens DA1.2 is included in mixtures for weed control.
Theoretical analysis of interaction between electron beam and electromagnetic wave for unidirectional optical amplifier

Interaction between an electron beam and an electromagnetic wave is analyzed on the basis of semiclassical quantum mechanics that includes the influence of electron scattering and thermal distribution. The result is applied to determine the gain coefficient of the unidirectional optical amplifier utilizing this interaction. A general formula of the gain is obtained, which is applicable not only to an electron beam in vacuum but also to a semiconductor. The gain in the optical region due to an electron beam in vacuum is calculated, and it is shown that the gain coefficient is strongly reduced by the energy broadening due to scattering. This reduction is more significant for lower frequencies. The thermal distribution of the electron energy also reduces the gain, although the influence is less than that of electron scattering. The gain obtained in the quantum mechanical analysis is compared with that of the classical analysis including electron scattering. The difference between the classical and quantum mechanical analyses approaches zero in the low-frequency limit, while it is large in the optical frequency range.
Eigenmode formations of m = 1 fast Alfvén waves in the ion-cyclotron frequency range in the GAMMA 10 central cell

The formation of eigenmodes with the m = 1 fast Alfvén waves in the ion-cyclotron range of frequency are investigated in the axisymmetric central cell of the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror. When the fast waves with frequencies near the fundamental ion-cyclotron frequency have been used for the plasma production, the saturation in the density has been observed. The spatial structure of the excited wave field is calculated in the central cell using a two-dimensional full wave code. The results of numerical analysis indicate that the increase in plasma density depends strongly on the eigenmode formations associated with the boundary conditions. The results of numerical analysis are compared with the results of measurements of the waves with magnetic probes. A very good degree of agreement is found between the theoretical results and the experimental results. It is suggested that the simultaneous excitation of several radial eigenmodes with high-harmonic fast waves is effective for higher density plasma production.
Characteristics of Continuing Current Waveforms and M‐Component Parameters in Triggered Lightning

Based on directly measured triggered lightning currents, the characteristics of 70 continuing current (CC) waveforms and 106 M‐component waveforms were analyzed. The durations of CC without M‐component are all less than 10 ms, which are significantly less than those of CCs with M‐components. The first M‐component always appears at no more than 4 ms after the return stroke. The characteristics of the superimposed M‐components will be different for CC of different durations. The M‐components superimposed on CCs with duration greater than 10 ms are 3–4 times larger in terms of risetime, half‐peak width, duration, and transfer charge than that superimposed on CCs with duration less than 10 ms. The time difference (TD) between the peak electric field and the peak current of the M‐component is affected by both the continuing current level (ICC) and the magnitude of the M‐component (IM). TD and ICC (or IM) will not be large at the same time. The duration of a CC following a return stroke with a peak current greater than 21.2 kA will not exceed 46.0 ms.
Traffic Based Sequential Learning During Botnet Attacks to Identify Compromised IoT Devices

A novel online Compromised Device Identification System (CDIS) is presented to identify IoT devices and/or IP addresses that are compromised by a Botnet attack, within a set of sources and destinations that transmit packets. The method uses specific metrics that are selected for this purpose and which are easily extracted from network traffic, and trains itself online during normal operation with an Auto-Associative Dense Random Neural Network (AADRNN) using traffic metrics measured as traffic arrives. As it operates, the AADRNN is trained with auto-associative learning only using traffic that it estimates as being benign, without prior collection of different attack data. The experimental evaluation on publicly available Mirai Botnet attack data shows that CDIS achieves high performance with Balanced Accuracy of 97%, despite its low on-line training and execution time. Experimental comparisons show that the AADRNN with sequential (online) auto-associative learning, provides the best performance among six different state-of-the-art machine learning models. Thus CDIS can provide crucial effective information to prevent the spread of Botnet attacks in IoT networks having multiple devices and IP addresses.
Four wave mixing spectroscopy for a multilevel system

We present a theory of the four-wave-mixing (FWM) spectroscopy for the multilevel system coupled to the bath with arbitrary time scale, in contrast to most previous work that assumes the fast bath dynamic limit (motionally narrowed limit). Exact quantum mechanical expressions for the relevant nonlinear response tensor and the nonlinear polarization vector are obtained for a model Hamiltonian. Effects of molecular rotation and the polarization directions of the input radiation fields are also fully taken into account. The results show how the cross correlation as well as the autocorrelation functions of the fluctuations in the energy-gaps or transition frequencies between eigenstates contribute to the FWM spectroscopy. The result is applied to three-pulse echo spectroscopy. We examine the results for a variety of model spectral density functions, and recover the results of the previously reported theories as limiting cases.