Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ground vibration generated by a harmonic load acting on a railway track

A calculation method has been produced for the propagation of vibration in the ground from a stationary oscillating load applied via a railway track structure. The model includes the track as an infinite layered beam structure resting on a ground made up of infinite parallel homogeneous elastic layers. These layers may either be constrained at the lower interface or coupled to an elastic half-space. A similar model, based on wave propagating finite elements, has previously been shown to be useful in predicting the behaviour of real soils and railway tracks, but the applicability of that model was limited by long computation times. The present method is more efficient in calculating the responses at a large number of positions. The development of the theory allows analysis in terms of the amplitudes of different wave types propagating along, and normal to, the track. Example calculations are presented for a ground consisting of a layer on a half-space. By changing only the depth of the layer, two different wave propagation regimes are found, the first where propagation takes place via modes of the layer and the second, where propagation takes place via the bulk waves in the layer and the Rayleigh wave in the substratum. Both examples show the track structure to have a strong effect on the directivity and amplitude of the response of the ground surface.
Topological defects in string theory orbifolds with target spaces $\mathbb{C}/\mathbb{Z}_N$ and $S^1/\mathbb{Z}_2$

We study conformal defects in two important examples of string theory orbifolds. First, we show that topological defects in the language of Landau-Ginzburg models carry information about the RG flow between the non-compact orbifolds $\mathbb{C}/\mathbb{Z}_d$. Such defects are shown to correctly implement the bulk-induced RG flow on the boundary. Secondly, we study what the possible conformal defects are between the $c=1$ bosonic 2D conformal field theories with target space $S^1/\mathbb{Z}_2$. The defects cataloged here are obtained from boundary states corresponding to D-branes in the $c=2$ free theory with target space $S^1/\mathbb{Z}_2 \times S^1/\mathbb{Z}_2$. Via the unfolding procedure, such boundary states are later mapped to defects between the circle orbifolds. Furthermore, we compute the algebra of the topological class of defects at different radii.
Effects of phytogenic feed on productive performance,
egg quality, antioxidant activity and lipid metabolism of laying hens

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different proportions of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) and mulberry leaf powder (MLP) on the performance of laying hens. The use of MOLP and MLP as animal feed can meet the nutritional requirements of livestock and improve antioxidant status. Combinations of different feeds could produce a synergistic effect in animals. Two hundred and ten birds were randomly divided into three groups. The control group was fed a basal diet and the treatment groups received a basal diet supplemented with 2.5% MOLP + 2.5% MLP and 5% MOLP + 2.5% MLP, respectively. The results showed that the supplementation of 5% MOLP + 2.5% MLP significantly decreased the laying rate, albumen height and Haugh unit. Yolk colours were significantly more intense after MOLP and MLP supplementation. Significant decreases in abdominal fat index were observed in the 5% MOLP + 2.5% MLP group. The levels of superoxide dismutase 2 ( SOD2 ) mRNA expression were significantly increased, while those of apolipoprotein B ( APOB ) were significantly reduced, as determined by qRT-PCR analysis. The combined administration of MOLP and MLP could have regulated the antioxidant status and lipid metabolism by affecting SOD2 and APOB gene expression. A supplementation level of 2.5% MOLP + 2.5% MLP was recommended.
Correlated paramagnetism and interplay of magnetic and phononic degrees of freedom in 3d-5d coupled La2CuIrO6

Conventional paramagnetism–a state with finite magnetic moment per ion sans long range magnetic ordering, but with lowering temperature the moment each ion picks up a particular direction, breaking spin rotational symmetry, and results into long-range magnetic ordering. However, in systems with competing multiple degrees of freedom this conventional notion may easily break and results into short range correlation much above the global magnetic transition temperature. La2CuIrO6 with complex interplay of spins (s = 1/2) on Cu site and pseudo-spin (j = 1/2) on Ir site owing to strong spin–orbit coupling provides fertile ground to observe such correlated phenomena. By a comprehensive temperature dependent Raman study, we have shown the presence of such a correlated paramagnetic state in La2CuIrO6 much above the long-range magnetic ordering temperature (TN). Our observation of strong interactions of phonons, associated with Cu/Ir octahedra, with underlying magnetic degrees of freedom mirrored in the observed Fano asymmetry, which remarkably persists as high as ~3.5TN clearly signals the existence of correlated paramagnetism hence broken spin rotational symmetry. Our detailed analysis also reveals anomalous changes in the self-energy parameters of the phonon modes, i.e. mode frequencies and linewidth, below TN, providing a useful gauge for monitoring the strong coupling between phonons and magnetic degrees of freedom.
Heavy Pentaquarks in the Diquark Model and the Large N_c Expansion

Recent experimental evidence for the Theta^+(1540) has given rise to much theoretical interest in exotic baryons. The Theta^+ is a baryon that has strangeness S=+1, meaning that it contains an anti-strange quark. Thus it cannot be constructed from three quarks, unlike all other known baryons; it needs at least an extra quark-antiquark pair. It is usually modeled as a pentaquark state in the 10 bar representation of flavor SU(3), with flavor content \bar{s}uudd. This thesis considers possible heavy pentaquarks, in which the antiquark is charmed or bottom rather than strange. In the context of the diquark model of Jaffe and Wilczek, it is argued that negative-parity pentaquarks of this type may be lighter than their positive-parity counterparts, and hence are likely to be stable against strong decay. Estimates are made for their masses, and their weak decays are discussed. Isospin relations are found between the decay rates for different possible decay channels. Negative-parity heavy pentaquarks are also considered in a less model-dependent way, in the context of a 1/N_c expansion, where N_c is the number of colors. Heavy quark effective theory is also employed. Mass relations are found between the mass splittings of heavy pentaquarks and those of nonexotic baryons, and SU(3)-breaking corrections to these relations are computed. The results could be helpful in interpreting experimental data if heavy pentaquarks are observed.
Machine Learning Method for High-Dimensional Education Data

Machine learning has become one of the important methods to process big data. It has made a breakthrough in the limitations of traditional statistical models dealing with high-dimensional data. The current study is to introduce and discuss about how machine learning method can be implemented in high-dimensional education data and help with increasing the model efficacy in dealing with high-dimensional education data. A demonstration of the implementation with an empirical data set is also provided.
Influence of electrodes' distance upon properties of intrinsic and doped amorphous silicon films for heterojunction solar cells

In this work, the influence of electrodes' distance upon the properties of amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) deposited by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition method on both intrinsic and doped a‐Si:H films is investigated in terms of their electrical, optical, and structural characteristics. For this purpose, Fourier‐transform infra‐red and secondary‐ion mass‐spectroscopy as well as photoconductance decay, spectral ellipsometry, and conductivity measurements are employed. Electrodes' distance is varied from 20 to 120 mm. Regarding the passivation quality of the a‐Si:H film an optimum electrodes' distance of 60 mm is found. In addition, electrodes' distance is detected to have a great influence on the accelerated initial growth rate, which strongly diminishes with increasing distance. Thus, electrodes' distance also determines the overall thickness of thin intrinsic a‐Si:H films being particularly interesting for utilization in heterojunction solar cells. With doped a‐Si:H films, however, electrodes' distance influences mainly the dopant concentration in the films and therewith their conductivity.
CircRNF111 Contributes to Adipocyte Differentiation by Elevating PPARγ Expression via miR-27a-3p

ABSTRACT The content and distribution of adipocytes is an important factor that affects meat quality. Previous studies showed that circRNAs are involved in various physiological processes. Nevertheless, more research is needed to investigate the function of circRNAs in adipogenesis. The present study examines the effects of circRNF111 on adipogenesis of bovine preadipocyte and aims to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. In our study, the sequence signature of circRNF111 was identified using bioinformatics, RNA-FISH, and sequencing. Mechanistically, knockdown or exogenous expression of circRNF111 in preadipocytes was done to prove the functional significance of circRNF111. Combined with bioinformatics, a dual fluorescein reporter system, and immunoprecipitation, the interaction between circRNF111, miR-27a-3p, and the target gene PPARγ was verified. The results reveal that circRNF111 is positively correlated with adipocyte differentiation. The newly identified bovine circRNF111 functions as a miR-27a-3p sponge to rescue the inhibitory effect of miR-27a-3p on the PPARγ gene, thereby promoting adipogenesis.
Scattering loss from magnetic mirror systems - II

In Part I of this paper (BENDANIEL and ALLIS, 1962) the `reference distribution' method for treatment of the problem of scattering loss from a magnetic mirror system was developed. Also the `square well' approximation was treated in detail. Results are now presented of a study in which the `square well' treatment was generalized by the reference distribution method to a class of more realistic mirror machine shapes. It is shown that the rate of change of density and energy in those systems may be considered in terms of equations similar in form to those derived from the `square well'. Graphs are presented of the results of numerical calculations in which the independent parameter was the `shape' of the system.
Turbulence as a constrained system

Hydrodynamic turbulence is studied as a constrained system from the point of view of metafluid dynamics. We present a Lagrangian description for this new theory of turbulence inspired from the analogy with electromagnetism. Consequently it is a gauge theory. This new approach to the study of turbulence tends to renew the optimism to solve the difficult problem of turbulence. As a constrained system, turbulence is studied in the Dirac and Faddeev-Jackiw formalisms giving the Dirac brackets. An important result is that we show these brackets are the same in and out of the inertial range, giving the way to quantize turbulence.
Damage formation and characterization with scanning photoemission spectromicroscopy

Scanning photoemission spectromicroscopy is a powerful tool for the chemical characterization of materials based on third generation synchrotron light sources. Due to the X-ray focalization properties it represents also an extremely bright source of radiation ideal for the investigation of radiation effects on matter. Despite the experiments involving inorganic materials, such as oxides, lead in the last decade have already shed light on the potentials of this techniques to perform lateral resolved chemical analysis, still there is a lack of information concerning the possibilities to measure organic compounds. This paper reports on the investigation of inorganic (Rh oxide thin films) and organic (polymers) samples performed with the scanning photoemission microscope hosted at the Elettra Synchrotron Light Laboratory. Results show that the typical photon densities in the focused spot of the microscope allow the investigation of the oxide films but produce an immediate damaging of the polymeric film.
Weak field limit of infinite derivative gravity

A form of infinite derivative gravity is free from ghost-like instabilities with improved small scale behavior. In this theory, we calculate the tree-level scattering amplitude and the corresponding weak field potential energy between two localized covariantly conserved spinning point-like sources that also have velocities and orbital motion. We show that the spin-spin and spin-orbit interactions take the same form as in Einstein's gravity at large separations, whereas at small separations, the results are different. We find that not only the usual Newtonian potential energy but also the spin-spin and spin-orbit interaction terms in the potential energy are non-singular as one approaches r->0.
Source Driven Solutions of Quantum Field Theories

I outline the basics of numerical solution of quantum field theory using the Source Galerkin method. This method is based on an analysis of the functional differential equations of a field theory in the presence of external sources. This approach is particularly powerful because it naturally allows the inclusion of symmetry information and avoids the fermion determinant problem associated with Monte Carlo calculations. The technique is also suitable for continuum calculations.
Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu-Lato-Specific Antibodies in Sera of Canine and Equine Origin—A Comparative Study with Two Line Immunoassays

Simple Summary The causative agents of Lyme borreliosis, spirochetes from the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, can be transmitted via various life stages of the tick, making this disease a serious concern pertaining to One Health approaches. The detection of specific antibodies against Bbsl is generally achieved by using a two-tiered test approach based on an ELISA combined with a line immunoassay (LIA). In this study, canine and equine serum samples with known antibody status were tested with two different LIAs. Results were compared in term of sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic outcome for dogs and horses, as well as of operability of the test. For canine serum samples, reliable results can be achieved with both LIAs. In contrast, the serodiagnosis of horses is still challenging, and improvements of both LIAs are recommended. Abstract Lyme borreliosis is a vector-borne disease in humans and animals caused by bacteria from the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex (Bbsl). The possible transmission of Bbsl from companion animals to humans via ticks makes this disease important in terms of One Health approaches. Thus, early and accurate diagnosis and treatment are of utmost importance. Today’s standard for the detection of specific antibodies against Bbsl is a two-tiered test system based on an ELISA for screening combined with a line immunoassay (LIA) for confirmation. In this study, 200 canine and 200 equine serum samples with known antibody status were tested with two different LIAs (A and B). Results were compared regarding sensitivity, specificity, the diagnostic outcome for dogs and horses, as well as operability of the test. The results for canine serum samples corresponded to 94.0%, making both LIAs a good choice for LB diagnostic in dogs. For equine serum samples, the agreement of both tests was 65.5%, displaying the challenge equine samples still provide in LB diagnostic. Major concerns were the interpretation of the OspA antigen (AG) signal and the use of unspecific (i.e., p100/p83) or too sensitive signals on the LIA. The operability of both LIAs was equally user-friendly. Regarding the tests’ evaluation, the scanning process provided by LIA A was a major advantage considering the comparability of the tests.
Universality, marginal operators, and limit cycles

The universality of renormalization-group limit-cycle behavior is illustrated with a simple discrete Hamiltonian model. A nonperturbative renormalization-group equation for the model is soluble analytically at criticality and exhibits one marginal operator (made necessary by the limit cycle) and an infinite set of irrelevant operators. Relevant operators are absent. The model exhibits an infinite series of bound-state energy eigenvalues. This infinite series approaches an exact geometric series as the eigenvalues approach zero\char22{}also a consequence of the limit cycle. Wegner's eigenvalues for irrelevant operators are calculated generically for all choices of parameters in the model. We show that Wegner's eigenvalues are independent of location on the limit cycle, in contrast with Wegner's operators themselves, which vary depending on their location on the limit cycle. An example is then used to illustrate numerically how one can tune the initial Hamiltonian to eliminate the first two irrelevant operators. After tuning, the Hamiltonian's bound-state eigenvalues converge much more quickly than otherwise to an exact geometric series.
Formation and Assembly History of Stellar Components in Galaxies as a Function of Stellar and Halo Mass

Galaxy mass assembly is an end product of structure formation in the ΛCDM cosmology. As an extension of Lee & Yi, we investigate the assembly history of stellar components in galaxies as a function of halo environments and stellar mass using semi-analytic approaches. In our fiducial model, halo mass intrinsically determines the formation and assembly of the stellar mass. Overall, the ex situ fraction slowly increases in central galaxies with increasing halo mass but sharply increases for . A similar trend is also found in satellite galaxies, which implies that mergers are essential to build stellar masses above . We also examine the time evolution of the contribution of mass growth channels. Mergers become the primary channel in the mass growth of central galaxies when their host halo mass begins to exceed . However, satellite galaxies seldom reach the merger-dominant phase despite their reduced star-formation activities due to environmental effects.
Which attenuation curves for star-forming galaxies?

Abstract Dust attenuation shapes the spectral energy distributions of galaxies and any modelling and fitting procedure of their spectral energy distributions must account for this process. We present results of two recent works dedicated at measuring the dust attenuation curves in star forming galaxies at redshift from 0.5 to 3, by fitting continuum (photometric) and line (spectroscopic) measurements simultaneously with CIGALE using variable attenuation laws based on flexible recipes. Both studies conclude to a large variety of effective attenuation laws with an attenuation law flattening when the obscuration increases. An extra attenuation is found for nebular lines. The comparison with radiative transfer models implies a flattening of the attenuation law up to near infrared wavelengths, which is well reproduced with a power-laws recipe inspired by the Charlot and Fall recipe. Here we propose a global modification of the Calzetti attenuation law to better reproduce the results of radiative transfer models.
Modeling ULF waves in a compressed dipole magnetic field

[1] This paper presents the results of a linear model for global scale magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) waves in a compressed dipole model magnetosphere. We examine scenarios where a localized monochromatic source along the magnetopause boundary launches MHD fast mode ultralow frequency (ULF) waves into the magnetosphere, where they couple to shear Alfven waves. Sharply peaked field line resonance (FLR) structures are found to form at discrete locations within the magnetosphere in response to the fast mode driver. The extent in local time and relative amplitudes of FLR structures are found to depend strongly on the source location along the magnetopause boundary, indicating how the addition of day/night asymmetry affects the penetration of MHD fast waves within the magnetosphere. This also suggests that observed FLR structures within the magnetosphere may be used to deconvolve the spatial characteristics of the ULF wave source at the magnetopause, giving insight to the excitation mechanism responsible for observed ULF waves. As an example, we consider narrow band ULF activity observed on 25 November 2001 during a high solar wind speed interval following a geomagnetic storm and qualitatively reproduce the spatial and temporal characteristics of observations made by the Prince George SuperDARN radar by constraining the ULF wave source characteristics.
On partial local smoothing rules for curve estimation

SUMMARY We compare the performances of local and global rules for smoothing parameter choice, in terms of asymptotic mean squared errors of the resulting estimators. In some instances there is surprisingly little to choose between local and global approaches; our analysis identifies contexts where the differences are small or large. This work motivates development of smoothing rules that form a 'half-way house' between local and global smoothing. There, interpolation provides a basis for partial local smoothing. A key result shows that interpolation on even a coarse grid can produce a very good approximation to full local smoothing. Our theoretical and numerical results lead us to suggest linear interpolation of a bandwidth obtained by integral approximations on discrete intervals.
Comparison of High Power Pain Threshold Ultrasound and Ischemic Compression Techniques for the Treatment of Latent Myofascial Trigger Points: A Randomized Controlled Study

Abstract Objective Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) have been defined as discrete and hyperirritable areas located within a taut band of skeletal muscle or fascia, which when compressed produce pain, tenderness, dysfunction and autonomic phenomena. The treatment techniques aimed to return the fiber groups to their optimum length and end plates to their optimum function. Ischemic Compression (IC) and of High Power Pain Threshold Ultrasound (HPPT-US) are among the treatment techniques used for MTrPs. The aim of the current study is to compare the efficacy of IC and HTTP-US which was applied in different ways on MTrPs treatment. Patients and Methods This is a randomized prospective study conducted with 153 participants have at least three latent trigger points. Participants received HPPT-US technique in which the intensity is kept constant at the pain level, HPPT-US technique in which the intensity is kept constant at half the pain level or IC. Outcome measures were the Visual Analog Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Neck Pain and Disability Scale, number of deactivated MTrPs and Pain Pressure Threshold (PPT). Results Pain, psychological status and disability improved in each group; there was no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). PPT increased in each group; a significant difference was found between the groups (p<0.05). IC was slightly more effective than HPPT-US. Conclusion Our results have shown that HPPT-US which was applied in different ways and IC were effective therapies for latent trigger points.