Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnostics of Multicomponent Plasma Using EMIC Waves Observed by the Akebono Satellite

The Earth’s magnetosphere is one of most important topics in terrestrial space physics, and particularly important is the magnetosphere inside a few L shell, called the Earth’s “inner magnetosphere. ” This inner magnetosphere has a unique structure, particularly a unique spatial particle population. In the present study, we focused on electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves to discuss cold ion composition in the inner magnetosphere. The propagation characteristics of EMIC waves have a close relation to the cold ion composition. Therefore, we can utilize plasma waves as plasma diagnostics tool. We clariﬁed major and minor ion composition and distribution in the inner magnetosphere analyzing characteristic frequencies of typical EMIC waves and ion cyclotron whistler waves observed by the Akebono satellite (e.g., crossover frequency and bi-ion hybrid frequency). For example, it was determined that a certain amount of M / Q = 2 ions (alpha particles or deuterons) exist at L inside 2.4 in the local dayside and inside 3.0 in the local nightside. Finally, we proposed techniques of plasma wave analyses and speciﬁcations of data products for next-generation plasma wave measurements by scientiﬁc satellites. Scientiﬁc output is expected to increase because of the use of wave power spectra and phase information of observed waveforms.
Shock wave propagation and spall failure in single crystal Mg at atomic scales

Large scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are carried out to investigate the wave propagation and failure behavior of single crystal Mg under shock loading conditions. The embedded atom method interatomic potential, used to model the Mg systems, is first validated by comparing the predicted Hugoniot behavior with that observed using experiments. The first simulations are carried out to investigate the effect of loading orientation on the wave propagation and failure behavior by shock loading the system along the [0001] direction (c-axis) and the [101¯0] direction using a piston velocity of 1500 m/s. The spall strength (peak tensile pressure prior to failure) is predicted to be higher for loading along the [101¯0] direction than that predicted for loading along the [0001] direction. To investigate the effect of shock pressure on the failure behavior and spall strength of the metal, the MD simulations are carried out using piston velocities of 500 m/s, 1000 m/s, 1500 m/s, and 2000 m/s for loading alon.
Predictive Mean Matching with Latent Variables, an application to the Business Census Survey

In this paper we present a Predictive Mean Matching approach using latent variables for imputation. The PMM is a Nearest Neighbor Donor imputation technique based on a distance function where matching variables are weighted through their predictive power with respect to the variables that have to be imputed. While in a multivariate context with continuous target variables, a typical application of the PMM uses a regression model to compute the predictive mean of each unit, we adapt the PMM to use a factor model in order to deal with target variables of any scale. The advantage of this approach is that it allows us to define “similarity” between donors and recipients in terms of the predicted values of a single numeric (latent) variables. Thus, it can deal with indicators of any scale type and allows us to deal with a big number of target variables. In the paper, we compare the PMM using a factor model with traditional methods for imputation, such as the Nearest Neighbor Donor, using data from the Business Census Survey, a multipurpose sample survey on enterprises carried out by Istat in 2012.
Thermodynamic Variability within the Convective Boundary Layer Due to Horizontal Convective Rolls

Abstract Data from the Convection and Precipitation/Electrification (CaPE) Experiment conducted during the summer of 1991 are used to examine and quantify the horizontal variability of temperature and moisture within the convective boundary layer (CBL). Potential temperature variations were only about 0.5 K, while variations in water vapor mixing ratio values of 1.5–2.5 g kg−1 were observed throughout the CBL. Using radar, aircraft, and sounding data, it is shown that horizontal convective rolls are the likely cause of these variabilities. The enhanced moisture occurred within the roll updraft regions, thus rolls were transporting moist air from the surface upward. The observed cloud-base heights, obtained from cloud photogrammetry, were produced from the highest moisture values within the roll updraft regions. Since the roll ascending branches contained moisture values that were most representative of the observed cloud-base heights, it is likely that measurements from within the roll updrafts would prov.
Convergence of Molodensky's Series,

Abstract : Mologensky's solution of the geodetic boundary-value problem consists in an asymptotic series expansion with respect to a parameter k. It is shown that this series converges for sufficiently small values of k. The method starts from an integral equation given by Brovar and uses a Neumann series solution of this equation; the norms of the occuring singlular integral operators are suitably estimated. (Author)
Simulative study of future climate and hydrological change over the Yellow River basin

A macro-scale and semi-distributed hydrologic model(VIC) was applied in the upper-middle reach of the Yellow River(above the Huayuankou Hydrological Station),and the regional climate model RegCM4.0 one-way nested by the global model BCC_CSM1. 1 was used to downscale climate simulation to drive the VIC for simulating the future climate and hydrologic changes over the Yellow River basin under the new RCPs scenarios(RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The simulation results show that,under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios,annual mean surface air temperature in the future will arise apparently.In the periods of2019- 2048 and 2069- 2098,relative to the reference period 1971- 2000,temperature will arise 1.2- 1.5℃ and 2.19- 3.9℃,respectively.The annual mean precipitation will slightly increase,with the rate of 6%in 2019- 2048,and 1.4%- 5.6%in2069- 2098.The annual mean evaporation will distinctly increase,with the maximum rate of 9.6%in 2069-2098.However,the annual mean runoff in Huayuankou Station in 2019- 2048 will increase by 3.4%to 7.4%,while decrease by 3.3%to5.3%in 2069- 2098.In the upper reach of the Yellow River,the general climatic and hydrological trends are the same as the whole basin,but the annual mean runoff in the upper reach will remain the stable level in the future,the decreasing rate will be much less than the one in the whole basin.
The Ins and Outs of Urea: Identification of Putative DUR3-like Urea Transporters in the Oligohaline Nerite Snail Theodoxus fluviatilis and Their Expression under Changing Salinities

Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda: Neritidae) is an oligohaline aquatic gastropod that inhabits most of Europe and adjacent areas of Asia. Two different ecotypes can be distinguished: One in freshwater (FW) and another along the Baltic Sea coast in brackish water habitats (BW). Individuals of either ecotype use free amino acids and urea as organic osmolytes to adjust body fluid osmolality to the external medium; however, the BW ecotype is able to accumulate them in larger quantities. The use of urea as an organic osmolyte in aquatic gastropods such as T. fluviatilis has only recently been initially described and raised the question of how urea transport between body fluids and the environment is balanced. Upon examining transcriptome and preliminary genome sequence data of T. fluviatilis, we identified putative homologues of DUR3 genes, which code for urea transporters (UTs) in other organisms. In this study, we provide evidence for the presence of four different subtypes of DUR3-like UTs that belong to two distinct families. Two of the UT subtypes were subject to qRT-PCR analyses to investigate differences in mRNA expression during the acclimation of individuals of both ecotypes to different salinities. Our results indicate that only BW animals regulate DUR3 gene expression in the context of osmoregulation.
Exploring the Association between Ambient Temperature and Daily Hospital Admissions for Diarrhea in Mopani District, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Diarrhea contributes significantly to global morbidity and mortality. There is evidence that diarrhea prevalence is associated with ambient temperature. This study aimed to determine if there was an association between ambient temperature and diarrhea at a rural site in South Africa. Daily diarrheal hospital admissions (2007 to 2016) at two large district hospitals in Mopani district, Limpopo province were compared to average daily temperature and apparent temperature (Tapp, ‘real-feel’ temperature that combined temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed). Linear regression and threshold regression, age-stratified to participants ≤5 years and >5 years old, considered changes in daily admissions by unit °C increase in Tapp. Daily ranges in ambient temperature and Tapp were 2–42 °C and −5–34 °C, respectively. For every 1 °C increase in average daily temperature, there was a 6% increase in hospital admissions for diarrhea for individuals of all ages (95% CI: 0.04–0.08; p < 0.001) and a 4% increase in admissions for individuals older than 5 years (95% CI: 0.02–0.05; p < 0.001). A positive linear relationship between average daily Tapp and all daily diarrheal admissions for children ≤5 years old was not statistically significant (95% CI: −0.00–0.03; p = 0.107). Diarrhea is common in children ≤5 years old, however, is more likely triggered by factors other than temperature/Tapp, while it is likely associated with increased temperature in individuals >5 years old. We are limited by lack of data on confounders and effect modifiers, thus, our findings are exploratory. To fully quantify how temperature affects hospital admission counts for diarrhea, future studies should include socio-economic–demographic factors as well as WASH-related data such as personal hygiene practices and access to clean water.
Application of the Template Matching Method in High Speed Target Tracking

A fast identification algorithm for high speed target is presented.According to the characteristics of image target and background,a cross matching template is designed which distinguishes the target by the difference of grayness between the area to be identified and the cross matching template.Thus the traditional point by point scanning method is abandoned.In order to improve the speed of identification,target images are binary processed.Logic calculation is adopted to obtain the comparability estimate between the matching template and target.By comparing the comparability estimate and its threshold,the scanning points skip.The simulation results showed that this algorithm improves the identification speed greatly and realizes the control of shooting angle for the high speed vidicon,so as to track the target real time.
The Mediating Role of Attitude in the Relationship Between the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Attributes of Japanese Frozen Foods and Consumers’ Intention to Purchase Them: Evidence from Malaysia

Research Aims: To examine the intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting consumers’ attitudes toward Japanese-made frozen foods and, hence, consumers’ purchasing behaviour. Design/Methodology/Approach: Consumers who were aware of Japanese-made frozen foods were the sample chosen. Convenience sampling plus a cross-sectional, self-administered online survey questionnaire collected data from 307 participants. Research Findings: Findings showed that brand reputation, halal label, convenience, and food quality were positively related to attitude towards Japanese frozen food, whereas health consciousness was negatively associated with attitude. Attitudes toward Japanese frozen foods were found to mediate relationships between brand reputation and purchase intention, halal label and purchase intention, and food quality and purchase intention of the foods. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: Given the fierce competition and growth within the frozen food industry, this study advanced the knowledge of Malaysian consumer purchasing behaviour in the context of Japanese frozen foods. Managerial Implication in the South East Asian Context: The mediating role of attitude toward Japanese frozen foods in the relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic product factors and purchase intention among consumers in Malaysia provided valuable insights on foods exported from a predominantly non-Muslim country to a predominantly Muslim country in South East Asia. Research Limitation & Implications: The scope of this study was limited to Malaysians who were aware of Japanese frozen foods. Examining the extrinsic and intrinsic attributes of the foods was crucial because the awareness of and preference for Japanese frozen foods is still low in Malaysia, and there is limited knowledge about the products. Keywords: Extrinsic Factors, Intrinsic Factors, Attitude, Purchase Intention, Japanese Frozen Foods, Malaysia
Choosing Mathematics ‘You Need it Even if You Don't Want to Do it’

Because of the concern about gender differences in participation in various school subjects and the policies to redress those differences, the reasons and processes for choosing subjects are an important consideration in the gender equity debate. In this paper, data from interviews with Year 11 girls are analysed to highlight some of the complexity of choosing mathematics in the post-compulsory years of schooling. Campaigns to encourage girls to choose mathematics and the impact these have had on subject choices are presented as being problematic. The importance of mathematics is justified in terms of its role as a filter for future pathways but the hierarchy of mathematics subjects in schools means that these pathways are not open to all girls.
Divergent Investor Perspectives and Volatility Risk -- Research Based on Stock Bar Public Opinion Data

Retail investors are the primary participants in the A-share market, with a large number, large differences in economic levels, and uneven accumulation of financial professions, so it is manifested in the large differences in opinion and investment behavior of individual investors, which influence the risk of stock market volatility. Due to the rise in popularity of mobile clients, browsing stock bar post content has become an essential way for retail investors to get investment trend. This paper analyzes the impact of public opinion on the fluctuation of Oriental Wealth Internet Stocks by focusing on micro-level individual stocks. In addition, the paper supplements empirical studies on stock volatility from the micro level of differences in investor opinion, providing market regulators with a reference for better understanding investor psychology and managing network public opinion. The empirical results show that: (1) Stock volatility is positively correlated with divergent investor opinions;(2) Post sentiment value is positively correlated with post comment volume;(3) Investor sentiment in different sectors affects stock prices to varying degrees.
Curvature of Level Curves of Harmonic Functions

Abstract If H is an arbitrary harmonic function defined on an open set Ω⊂ℂ, then the curvature of the level curves of H can be strictly maximal or strictly minimal at a point of Ω. However, if Ω is a doubly connected domain bounded by analytic convex Jordan curves, and if H is harmonic measure of Ω with respect to the outer boundary of Ω, then the minimal curvature of the level curves of H is attained on the boundary of Ω.
Implication of the PTN/RPTPβ/ζ Signaling Pathway in Acute Ethanol Neuroinflammation in Both Sexes: A Comparative Study with LPS

Binge drinking during adolescence increases the risk of alcohol use disorder, possibly by involving alterations of neuroimmune responses. Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a cytokine that inhibits Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (RPTP) β/ζ. PTN and MY10, an RPTPβ/ζ pharmacological inhibitor, modulate ethanol behavioral and microglial responses in adult mice. Now, to study the contribution of endogenous PTN and the implication of its receptor RPTPβ/ζ in the neuroinflammatory response in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) after acute ethanol exposure in adolescence, we used MY10 (60 mg/kg) treatment and mice with transgenic PTN overexpression in the brain. Cytokine levels by X-MAP technology and gene expression of neuroinflammatory markers were determined 18 h after ethanol administration (6 g/kg) and compared with determinations performed 18 h after LPS administration (5 g/kg). Our data indicate that Ccl2, Il6, and Tnfa play important roles as mediators of PTN modulatory actions on the effects of ethanol in the adolescent PFC. The data suggest PTN and RPTPβ/ζ as targets to differentially modulate neuroinflammation in different contexts. In this regard, we identified for the first time important sex differences that affect the ability of the PTN/RPTPβ/ζ signaling pathway to modulate ethanol and LPS actions in the adolescent mouse brain.
Profiles of random trees: plane-oriented recursive trees (Extended Abstract) †

We summarize several limit results for the profile of random plane-oriented recursive trees. These include the limit distribution of the normalized profile, asymptotic bimodality of the variance, asymptotic approximations of the expected width and the correlation coefficients of two level sizes. We also unveil an unexpected connection between the profile of plane-oriented recursive trees (with logarithmic height) and that of random binary trees (with height proportional to the square root of tree size).
PBFormer: Point and Bi-Spatiotemporal Transformer for Pointwise Change Detection of 3D Urban Point Clouds

Change detection (CD) is a technique widely used in remote sensing for identifying the differences between data acquired at different times. Most existing 3D CD approaches voxelize point clouds into 3D grids, project them into 2D images, or rasterize them into digital surface models due to the irregular format of point clouds and the variety of changes in three-dimensional (3D) objects. However, the details of the geometric structure and spatiotemporal sequence information may not be fully utilized. In this article, we propose PBFormer, a transformer network with Siamese architecture, for directly inferring pointwise changes in bi-temporal 3D point clouds. First, we extract point sequences from irregular 3D point clouds using the k-nearest neighbor method. Second, we uniquely use a point transformer network as an encoder to extract point feature information from bitemporal 3D point clouds. Then, we design a module for fusing the spatiotemporal features of bi-temporal point clouds to effectively detect change features. Finally, multilayer perceptrons are used to obtain the CD results. Extensive experiments conducted on the Urb3DCD benchmark show that PBFormer outperforms other excellent approaches for 3D point cloud CD tasks.
Forecast Pro Statistical Reference Manual

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Combined Free Flaps for Optimal Orthoplastic Lower Limb Reconstruction: A Retrospective Series

Background and Objectives: Open fracture of the lower limb can lead to substantial bone and soft tissue damage, resulting in a challenging reconstructive scenarios, especially in presence of bone or periosteal loss, with a relevant risk of non-union. This work analyzes outcomes of using a double approach for orthoplastic reconstruction, adopting the free medial condyle flap to solve the bone defects, associated to a second free flap for specific soft tissue coverage. Indications, outcomes and reconstructive rationales are discussed. Materials and Methods: A retrospective investigation was performed on patients who underwent complex two-flap microsurgical reconstruction from January 2018 to January 2022. Inclusion criteria in this study were the use of a free femoral condyle periostal/bone flap together with a second skin-only flap. Only distal third lower limb reconstructions were included in order to help equalize our findings. Out of the total number of patients, only patients with complete pre- and post-operative follow-up (minimum 6 months) data were included in the study. Results: Seven patients were included in the study, with a total of 14 free flaps. The average age was 49. Among comorbidities, four patients were smokers and none suffered from diabetes. Etiology of the defect was acute trauma in four cases and septic non-union in three cases. No major complications occurred, and all flaps healed uneventfully with complete bone union. Conclusions: Combining a bone periosteal FMC to a second skin free flap for tailored defect coverage allowed achievement of bone union in all patients, despite the lack of initial bone vascularization or chronic infection. FMC is confirmed to be a versatile flap for small-to-medium bone defects, especially considering its use as a periosteal-only flap, with minimal donor site morbidity. Choosing a second flap for coverage allows for a higher inset freedom and tailored reconstruction, finally enhancing orthoplastic success.
A statistical physics perspective on criticality in financial markets

Stock markets are complex systems exhibiting collective phenomena and particular features such as synchronization, fluctuations distributed as power-laws, non-random structures and similarity to neural networks. Such specific properties suggest that markets operate at a very special point. Financial markets are believed to be critical by analogy to physical systems, but little statistically founded evidence has been given. Through a data-based methodology and comparison to simulations inspired by the statistical physics of complex systems, we show that the Dow Jones and index sets are not rigorously critical. However, financial systems are closer to criticality in the crash neighborhood.