Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Construction of Dynamic Threshold Decryption Scheme from Pairing

The first dynamic threshold decryption scheme from pairing is presented. It is secure in groups equipped with a bilinear map, and caters to some important requirements in real application; including the needs to renew the master key, or to add/remove or update a decryption sever, without leaking any information on the master key and changing other decryption servers’ secret keys.
How to Distinguish Conformational Selection and Induced Fit Based on Chemical Relaxation Rates

Protein binding often involves conformational changes. Important questions are whether a conformational change occurs prior to a binding event (‘conformational selection’) or after a binding event (‘induced fit’), and how conformational transition rates can be obtained from experiments. In this article, we present general results for the chemical relaxation rates of conformational-selection and induced-fit binding processes that hold for all concentrations of proteins and ligands and, thus, go beyond the standard pseudo-first-order approximation of large ligand concentration. These results allow to distinguish conformational-selection from induced-fit processes—also in cases in which such a distinction is not possible under pseudo-first-order conditions—and to extract conformational transition rates of proteins from chemical relaxation data.
Regret minimization-based robust game theoretic solution for dynamic spectrum access

This paper presents a game theoretic solution for hierarchical spectrum sharing between primary users (PUs) and secondary users (SUs) in the presence of cognitive interferers. There exist several forms of uncertainty, including channel conditions, packet traffic, and spectrum occupancy of users across channels. This uncertainty is further aggravated by delays (such as propagation delays observed over satellite links) that make spectrum-efficient communication a challenging task. A robust game theoretic framework is developed for dynamic spectrum access (DSA) management over multiple channels. Cognitive functionalities employed in the game solution include selecting channels for data transmission and performing power control at each user to sustain target rates. By considering random utility functions, the game engine based on regret minimization provides low complexity and fast solutions compared to traditional game solutions based on expected utility maximization. Detailed numerical results with comparison to benchmark schemes (the ideal case and the random case where users have perfect or no knowledge on channel availability, respectively) are provided to show the effectiveness of robust game theory-enabled approach.
Out-of-Band Radiation From Antenna Arrays Clarified

Non-linearities in radio-frequency transceiver hardware, particularly in power amplifiers, cause distortion in-band and out-of-band. Contrary to claims made in recent literature, in a multiple-antenna system this distortion is correlated across the antennas in the array. A significant implication of this fact is that out-of-band emissions caused by non-linearities are beamformed, in some cases into the same direction as the useful signal.
Cadmium Stess in Rice Plants: Influence of Essential Elements

Cadmium is a heavy metal that is toxic to plants. Essential elements are important for plant growth and development. The uptake of cadmium may take place in competition with essential elements. In the field, crops are routinely subjected to a combination of different abiotic stresses. Nutrient deficiency and cadmium stress represent an example of two different abiotic stress conditions that occur in the field simultaneously. In this review we discuss (1) mitigating effects of iron and potassium on cadmium stress in rice, (2) potassium and magnesium deficiencies protect rice seedlings against subsequent cadmium stress, and (3) nitrogen and calcium deficiencies enhance subsequent cadmium stress in rice seedlings.
Tracked Instance Search

In this work we propose tracking as a generic addition to the instance search task. From video data perspective, much information that can be used is not taken into account in the traditional instance search approach. This work aims to provide insights on exploiting such existing information by means of tracking and the proper combination of the results, independently of the instance search system. We also present a study on the improvement of the system when using multiple independent instances (up to 4) of the same person. Experimental results show that our system improves substantially its performance when using tracking. Best configuration improves from mAP = 0.447 to mAP = 0.511for a single example, and from mAP = 0.647 to mAP = 0.704for multiple (4) given examples.
Impact of high‐intensity interval training and moderate‐intensity continuous training on resting and postexercise cardiac troponin T concentration

What is the central question of this study? Does exercise training impact resting and postexercise cardiac troponin T (cTnT) concentration? What is the main finding and its importance? This randomized controlled intervention study demonstrated that 12 weeks of either high‐intensity interval training or moderate‐intensity continuous training largely abolished the exercise‐induced elevation in cTnT when exercise was performed at the same absolute intensity. There was no impact of training on resting cTnT or postexercise appearance of cTnT when exercise was performed at the same relative intensity. These findings provide new information that might help clinicians with decision‐making in relationship to basal and postexercise values of cTnT in individuals with different training status.
The impact of divorce laws on the equilibrium in the marriage market

Does unilateral divorce affect the gains from marriage and who marries whom? Exploiting variation in the timing of adoption of new divorce laws across the US states, I show that unilateral divorce increases assortative matching among newlyweds. To understand the mechanisms and welfare effects, I specify and estimate a novel life cycle equilibrium model of marriage, labor supply, consumption, and divorce under the baseline mutual consent divorce regime. Solving the model under unilateral divorce I find that, consistent with the data, assortative matching and the likelihood of remaining single increase. Moreover, the gains from marriage decrease. Effects are largely due to changes in marital choices when risk sharing and cooperation opportunities within marriage decrease, which highlights the importance of considering equilibrium effects when conducting evaluation of policies affecting families. ∗Department of Economics, University of Michigan, 611 Tappan Av. , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, areynoso@umich.edu. I am extremely grateful to my advisors Joseph Altonji, Costas Meghir, Larry Samuelson, and Chris Udry for their guidance and support. I especially thank Pierre André Chiappori, Monica Costa Dias, Chiara Margaria, Corina Mommaerts, Cormac O’Dea, Esteban Peralta, Meredith Startz, and Alessandra Voena for many productive discussions at various points of this project. I am also grateful to Jason Abaluck, Russell Cooper, David Dorn, Laura Doval, Marcelo A. Fernandez, Raquel Fernández, George-Levi Gayle, Limor Golan, Marina Halac, James Heckman, Tibor Heumann, John Eric Humphries, Yu Jung Hwang, Barry W. Ickes, Lisa B. Kahn, Timothy J. Kehoe, Yuichi Kitamura, Kala Krishna, Ilse Lindenlaub, Attila Lindner, Hamish Low, Shelly Lundberg, Giuseppe Moscarini, Yoko Okuyama, Claudia Olivetti, Luigi Pistaferri, Robert A. Pollak, Tommaso Porzio, Imran Rasul, Vicky Shultz, Jeffrey Smith, Isaac Sorkin, James Thomas, and participants at various seminars and conferences for helpful comments, discussions, and suggestions. All errors are mine.
Effect of altering dietary mineral balance on growth, leg abnormalities, and blood base excess in broiler chicks.

Broiler cockerels were used in four trials of 3-wk duration to investigate the effects of altering dietary cation:anion ratios on chick growth, leg abnormalities, bone, and blood parameters. Dietary cation content was changed using Ca and Mg, whereas the anions P, Cl, and S were included at various levels, giving several total cation:anion ratios with several levels of ions. Narrowing the cation:anion ratios increased 3-wk body weights and the incidence of both dyschondroplasia and varus deformation. Further increases in dietary anion concentration generally caused a slight depression of body weights. Supplementation of Ca or Mg to diets containing high levels of anion relative to cation decreased the incidence of leg problems and lowered 3-wk body weights. Blood pH was not significantly affected by dietary mineral alterations, although pH tended to decrease as anion content was increased. Addition of P significantly reduced blood HCO3 and base excess (meq/L). Base excess was negatively correlated (P less than .05) with the incidence of TD and 3-wk body weights. Two strain-crosses of broiler cockerels, fed diets which had previously increased the incidence of leg abnormalities, exhibited no significant differences in the incidence of varus deformation or dyschondroplasia. The strain-cross of chicks having the lowest base excess had higher incidences of both leg disorders, although body weights were identical.
Comparison of electrocardiograms of hypertensive and hypotensive male turkeys.

Abstract INTRODUCTION ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY is recognized as a laboratory aid in diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. Electrocardiograms (ECG) reported for poultry have been primarily those of the chicken. The avian ECG as reported by Sturkie (1965) shows that the waves and complexes of lead I are of lower voltage than those of leads II and III, with S waves greater than R waves in all leads. METHODS Electrocardiograms were recorded from Broad White male turkeys 12 weeks of age. The populations of birds observed were the result of four generations of upward and downward blood pressure selection. Thirty turkeys were observed from each of the high and low blood pressure lines. Indirect systolic blood pressure measurements were recorded from these same poults at eight weeks of age by the method described by Krista et al. (1963). Comparison of indirect systolic blood pressure to central mean blood pressure by Krista et al. (1964) showed a…
Sildenafil therapy for fetal cardiovascular dysfunction during hypoxic development: studies in the chick embryo

Common complications of pregnancy, such as chronic fetal hypoxia, trigger a fetal origin of cardiovascular dysfunction and programme cardiovascular disease in later life. Sildenafil treatment protects placental perfusion and fetal growth, but whether the effects of sildenafil transcend the placenta to affect the fetus is unknown. Using the chick embryo model, here we show that sildenafil treatment directly protects the fetal cardiovascular system in hypoxic development, and that the mechanisms of sildenafil protection include reduced oxidative stress and increased nitric oxide bioavailability; Sildenafil does not protect against fetal growth restriction in the chick embryo, supporting the idea that the protective effect of sildenafil on fetal growth reported in mammalian studies, including humans, is secondary to improved placental perfusion. Therefore, sildenafil may be a good candidate for human translational antioxidant therapy to protect the chronically hypoxic fetus in adverse pregnancy.
The Alpha-Beta-Symetric Divergence and their Positive Definite Kernel

In this article we study the field of Hilbertian metrics and positive definit (pd) kernels on probability measures, they have a real interest in kernel methods. Firstly we will make a study based on the Alpha-Beta-divergence to have a Hilbercan metric by proposing an improvement of this divergence by constructing it so that its is symmetrical the Alpha-Beta-Symmetric-divergence (ABS-divergence) and also do some studies on these properties but also propose the kernels associated with this divergence. Secondly we will do mumerical studies incorporating all proposed metrics/kernels into support vector machine (SVM). Finally we presented a algorithm for image classification by using our divergence.
A plasmid library of full-length zebrafish rab proteins for in vivo cell biology

ABSTRACT The zebrafish is an emerging model for highly sophisticated medium-throughput experiments such as genetic and chemical screens. However, studies of entire protein families within this context are often hampered by poor genetic resources such as clone libraries. Here we describe a complete collection of 76 full-length open reading frame clones for the zebrafish rab protein family. While the mouse genome contains 60 rab genes and the human genome 63, we find that 18 zebrafish rab genes have 2, and in the case of rab38, 3 paralogues. In contrast, we were unable to identify zebrafish orthologues of the mammalian Rab2b, Rab17 or Rab29. We make this resource available through the Addgene repository to facilitate cell biologic approaches using this model.
Towards HIV-1 remission: potential roles for broadly neutralizing antibodies.

: Current antiretroviral drug therapies do not cure HIV-1 because they do not eliminate a pool of long-lived cells harboring immunologically silent but replication-competent proviruses - termed the latent reservoir. Eliminating this reservoir and stimulating the immune response to control infection in the absence of therapy remain important but unsolved goals of HIV-1 cure research. Recently discovered broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) exhibit remarkable breadth and potency in their ability to neutralize HIV-1 in vitro, and recent studies have demonstrated new therapeutic applications for passively administered bNAbs in vivo. This Review discusses the roles bNAbs might play in HIV-1 treatment regimens, including prevention, therapy, and cure.
A Taiwanese population-based study on the association between chronic tonsillitis and tonsil cancer

Although it is known that inflammatory processes elevate the risk of cancer, to date the association between chronic tonsillitis and tonsil cancer remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the association of chronic tonsillitis with tonsil cancer based on a population-based database in Taiwan. We retrieved data for this study from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005. This case-control study included 489 patients with tonsil cancer and 2445 matched controls. We used conditional logistic regression analyses to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for having been previously diagnosed with chronic tonsillitis between patients with tonsil cancer and the controls. We found that of the 2934 sampled patients, 22 (0.75%) had received a diagnosis of chronic tonsillitis. A Chi-squared test further revealed that there was a significant difference in the prevalences of prior chronic tonsillitis between tonsil cancer patients and controls (2.45% vs. 0.41%, p<0.001). The conditional logistic regression suggested that after adjusting for hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, tobacco use disorder, and alcohol abuse/alcohol dependency syndrome, the OR of having previously been diagnosed with chronic tonsillitis for patients with tonsil cancer was 8.07 (95% CI: 3.32∼19.64; p<0.001) compared to controls. It is also noteworthy that alcohol abuse/alcohol dependency syndrome was significantly associated with TC (adjusted OR=9.88). We demonstrated that patients with chronic tonsillitis were more likely to have tonsil cancer, and our findings support tonsillitis as a possible risk factor for tonsil cancer.
Systematic review of next-generation sequencing simulators: computational tools, features and perspectives

High-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have rapidly generated a large volume of genomic data. To aid the development and evaluation of new statistical models and computational methods, NGS-based simulators have been proposed to construct better experimental workflows. However, the comparative performance of these NGS simulators remains unclear. In this review, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of NGS simulators for various sequencing techniques, including DNA sequencing, metagenomic sequencing, RNA-seq, ChIP-seq and bisulfite sequencing for methylation.
Influence of Composition on the Characterization and Crystallization of Calcium-Magnesium-Silicate Glass-Ceramics

The effects of replacement of MgO by CaO, on the characterization and crystallization behavior of glas-ceramics in the CaO-MgO-SiO2 system were investigated by DTA, XRD and FTIR techniques and by density measurements. The results show that the glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallization temperature (Tc) increase and glassy structural network becomes denser with increasing the CaO/MgO weight ratio. After certain heat-treatment procedure, the major crystal phases change from calcium magnesium silicate (diopside) to calcium silicate (parawollastonite) at the replace of MgO by CaO. Studying of density measurement shows that, the density of glass samples increase by increasing CaO content on the expense of MgO.
IS Security Policy Violations: A Rational Choice Perspective

Employee violations of IS security policies are reported as a key concern for organizations. Although behavioral research on IS security has received increasing attention from IS scholars, little empirical research has examined this problem. To address this research gap, the authors test a model based on Rational Choice Theory RCT-a prominent criminological theory not yet applied in IS-which explains, in terms of a utilitarian calculation, an individual's decision to commit a violation. Empirical results show that the effects of informal sanctions, moral beliefs, and perceived benefits convincingly explain employee IS security policy violations, while the effect of formal sanctions is insignificant. Based on these findings, the authors discuss several implications for research and practice.
High‐intensity drinking by underage young adults in the United States

AIMS To estimate (1) the prevalence of underage binge drinking, high-intensity drinking and intoxication among young adults aged 19/20 years; (2) change in these behaviors across the transition out of high school and across historical time; and (3) associations between these behaviors and key covariates, including college status. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Longitudinal data from the US nationally representative Monitoring the Future study included 1657 respondents first surveyed as 12th graders (modal age 18 years) in 2005-13 and again at modal age 19/20 years in 2006-14. MEASUREMENTS Self-reported measures of alcohol use, demographics, college attendance and living situation. FINDINGS Binge drinking (5+ drinks on one occasion) was reported by 24.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 22.0, 26.5] of young adults aged 19/20; 10.3% (CI = 8.7, 11.9) reported high-intensity drinking of 10+ drinks; 4.2% (CI = 3.1, 5.2) reported 15+ drinks. Usual moderate/high intoxication when drinking was reported by 33.1% (CI = 30.6, 35.6); 29.6% (CI = 27.2, 32.0) reported usual sustained intoxication of 3+ hours. Significant variability (P < 0.001) in these behaviors from ages 18 to 19/20 was observed. Significant decreases (P < 0.05) across historical time in 5+ and 10+ drinking were found. Four-year college students not residing with parents had significantly higher odds of moderate/high intoxication, binge drinking and high-intensity drinking compared with other groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Young adult underage binge drinking (5+ drinks on one occasion), high-intensity drinking (10+ and 15+ drinks) and intoxication are relatively common in the United States, and show meaningful variability across the transition out of high school. Four-year college students and those who do not live with their parents are more likely to engage in high-intensity drinking than their peers.
Effects of an avian ultimobranchial extract in the domestic fowl.

Abstract THE existence of a hypocalcemic principle which is involved in calcium homeostasis in mammals is now well established (Hirsch and Munson, 1969). This hormone, termed calcitonin, is produced by cells derived from the last branchial pouch (Bussolati and Pearse, 1967). In mammals these cells become intimately and extensively associated with thyroid parenchyma and are termed “C” cells (Pearse and Carvalheira, 1967). In birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes, however, they are retained in separate entities, the paired ultimobranchial glands (Dudley, 1942). Ultimobranchial (UB) preparations from the chicken produced hypocalcemia when injected into the rat (Copp et al., 1967; Tauber, 1967); however, they had little or no activity when administered to the newly-hatched chick (Urist, 1967). In order to shed light on this apparent discrepancy, it was the objective of this study to investigate the effects of chicken ultimobranchial preparations on plasma levels of calcium in birds of different ages. Plasma magnesium…
Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of the HPV‐16/18 AS04‐adjuvanted vaccine in Chinese women aged 18–25 years: event‐triggered analysis of a randomized controlled trial

We previously reported the results of a phase II/III, double‐blind, randomized controlled study in Chinese women (NCT00779766) showing a 94.2% (95% confidence interval: 62.7–99.9) HPV‐16/18 AS04‐adjuvanted vaccine efficacy (VE) against cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 or higher (CIN1+) and/or 6‐month (M) persistent infection (PI) with a mean follow‐up of <2 years, and immunogenicity until 7 months post‐dose 1. Here, we report efficacy and safety results from an event‐triggered analysis with ~3 years longer follow‐up, and immunogenicity until M24. Healthy 18–25‐year‐old women (N = 6051) were randomized (1:1) to receive three doses of HPV‐16/18 vaccine or Al(OH)3 (control) at M0, 1, 6. VE against HPV‐16/18‐associated CIN2+, and cross‐protective VE against infections with nonvaccine oncogenic HPV types, immunogenicity, and safety were assessed. In the according‐to‐protocol efficacy cohort, in initially seronegative/DNA‐negative women (vaccine group: N = 2524; control group: N = 2535), VE against HPV‐16/18‐associated CIN2+ was 87.3% (5.3–99.7); VE against incident infection or against 6‐month persistent infection associated with HPV‐31/33/45 was 50.1% (34.3–62.3) or 52.6% (24.5–70.9), respectively. At least, 99.6% of HPV‐16/18‐vaccines remained seropositive for anti‐HPV‐16/18 antibodies; anti‐HPV‐16 and ‐18 geometric mean titers were 1271.1 EU/mL (1135.8–1422.6) and 710.0 EU/ml (628.6–801.9), respectively. Serious adverse events were infrequent (1.7% vaccine group [N = 3026]; 2.5% control group [N = 3026]). Of the 1595 reported pregnancies, nine had congenital anomalies (five live infants, three elective terminations, one stillbirth) that were unlikely vaccination‐related (blinded data). VE against HPV‐16/18‐associated CIN2+ was demonstrated and evidence of cross‐protective VE against oncogenic HPV types was shown. The vaccine was immunogenic and had an acceptable safety profile.
Quantum Dot Solar Cell Fabrication Protocols

Colloidally synthesized quantum-confined semiconducting spherical nanocrystals, often referred to as quantum dots (QDs), offer a high degree of chemical, optical, and electronic tunability. As a result, there is an increasing interest in employing colloidal QDs for electronic and optical applications that is reflected in a growing number of publications. In this protocol we provide detailed procedures for the fabrication of QD solar cells specifically employing PbSe and PbS QDs. We include details that are learned through experience, beyond those in typical methodology sections, and include example pictures and videos to aid in fabricating QD solar cells. Although successful solar cell fabrication is ultimately learned through experience, this protocol is intended to accelerate that process. The protocol developed here is intended to be a general starting point for developing PbS and PbSe QD test bed solar cells. We include steps for forming conductive QD films via dip coating as well as spin coating. Fin.