Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effect of Apixaban Compared With Rivaroxaban and Dabigatran on Thrombin Generation Assay

Abstract The effect of the oral direct activated factor X (factor Xa) inhibitor apixaban on tissue factor–induced thrombin generation in human plasma was investigated in vitro using the calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) method and compared with the oral direct factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban and the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran. Pooled citrated, anticoagulated, platelet-poor human plasma was spiked with apixaban, rivaroxaban, or dabigatran at concentrations of 0.01 to 10 μM. The inhibitory potencies of the compounds were quantified by 5 CAT parameters: the control thrombin lag time (LT) and time to thrombin peak (TTP) for the doubling of inhibitor concentration (IC2x); and the control endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), thrombin peak, and maximum rate of thrombin generation (Vmax) for the inhibitor concentration, which inhibited 50% (IC50). The inhibitors modified CAT concentration dependently. Their inhibitory potencies, expressed as IC2x LT, IC2x TTP, IC50 ETP, IC50 peak thrombin, and IC50 Vmax, were as follows: 0.10 ± 0.01, 0.19 ± 0.02, 0.65 ± 0.11, 0.089 ± 0.019, and 0.049 ± 0.007 μM for apixaban; 0.049 ± 0.007, 0.070 ± 0.009, 0.43 ± 0.07, 0.048 ± 0.008, and 0.022 ± 0.005 μM for rivaroxaban; and 0.063 ± 0.019, 0.18 ± 0.06, 0.50 ± 0.08, 0.55 ± 0.06, and 0.57 ± 0.27 μM for dabigatran. In summary, apixaban, rivaroxaban, and dabigatran have similar potencies in the prolongation of LT and TTP. The CAT parameters that are related to the rate of thrombin generation during the propagation phase (ie, peak thrombin and Vmax) are more sensitive to activities of apixaban and rivaroxaban than dabigatran. The ETP is the least sensitive parameter for measuring the activities of these inhibitors. Recombinant activated factor VII at 5 and 50 μg/mL reversed the anticoagulant effects of apixaban more at 0.2 μM than at 2 μM. Our study suggests that the CAT method is a sensitive assay to monitor the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of apixaban, rivaroxaban, and dabigatran, and may provide insight into the mechanism of action of these inhibitors. Recombinant activated factor VII may have some potential to reverse the anticoagulant effects of apixaban in vitro.
Industrial Pollution in China and Remedial Policies

This paper presents an analysis of the adoption and implementation of Chinese environmental policies and pollution abatement measures. It sketches the role of the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) and the recently adopted Five-Year Plan for the years 1996–2000 in coping with China's increasing problems of water, air and soil pollution. Remedial measures, which could be legal, administrative or economic, are analysed both as part of more general programmes of legal and economic reform, and as specific designs for local or sectoral problems. In previous articles, I have discussed several major environmental concerns: environmental damages, scarcity of water, control over emissions by township and village enterprises (TVEs), investments and management methods. The present contribution will focus on wider political issues, such as participatory policies, differences in implementation between regions and sectors, and most recent developments in industrial pollution problems and abatement measures. This survey cannot be complete: the limitations of space and the need to give some concrete examples make it necessary to be selective. Therefore, while some problems will be highlighted – such as water treatment in the Huai River basin, sulphur dioxide emissions, and pollution by TVEs – other problems such as noise pollution will be omitted.
An active learning approach to frequent itemset-based text clustering

Frequent itemset-based text clustering has emerged as a promising way to automatic organization of text documents, because it allows high clustering accuracy combined with understandable cluster descriptors. However, the clustering results may not be satisfactory because they do not reflect the user's point of view. In this context, active learning is an interesting approach to incorporate the user's knowledge in the text clustering task by querying the users about the data. We introduce an active learning approach to frequent itemset-based text clustering called AL2FIC. In our approach, the users can provide feedback directly on the cluster descriptors without the need to know the document labels. An experimental evaluation on real text collections demonstrated that our AL2FIC approach significantly increases the text clustering performance even when only few descriptors are selected by the users.
Estimation of a hedonic price equation for Burgundy wine

A hedonic price equation and two jury grade equations are estimated for Burgundy wine. The approach is the same as in an earlier Bordeaux wine paper (Combris et al., 1997). The data come from an experimental study that is very similar to the study on Bordeaux wines. The results for the two wine-growing regions are compared and discussed.
AN EXAMINATION OF WAGE INEQUALITIES IN CHILE

Chile has one of the highest levels of wage inequality in the world, and has had for decades. Nonetheless, this paper argues that if the wage distribution is examined in its entirety, instead of concentrating on specific indicators such as the Gini coefficient or the coefficient of variation of wages, significant changes in wage inequality can be seen over the years. In particular, all the action on inequality is occurring in the upper part of the wage distribution. The authors show that wage inequality grew significantly during the 1960s, reflecting increases in the variance of wages both between and within different skill groups. The fact that this occurred more forcefully in the public sector, leads one to speculate about the possible role played by labor unions in this phenomenon. The two ensuing decades saw significant falls in real wages for all wage earners, reflecting the high inflation rates of the 1970s and the effects of the recessions of 1975 and 1982-83 on the real wages of Chilean white-collar and manual workers. These falls were much
A typology framework of Greek business-to-business electronic marketplaces

Business-to-business (B2B) electronic marketplaces(e-marketplaces) provide electronically value added communication, brokerage and integration services to buyers and suppliers in specific horizontal or vertical markets by supporting basic market functions, meeting management needs for information and process support. The purpose of this article is to provide a contingent typology framework regarding the Greek B2B e-marketplaces, based on several electronic business classification approaches. Specifically, the research has identified a set of three key characteristics, which can be used in order to provide the basis for a number of classification models of B2B e-marketplaces. The proposed three key model dimensions are the ownership/control structure of the marketplace, its market focus and the functionality used by the trading exchange. The models demonstrate the relationship between each of the dimensions with the other two dimensions, and provide evidence on Greek B2B e-marketplaces examining specific cases.
The Era of Open Innovation

Is innovation dead? Actually, innovation is alive and well ? as underscored by the recent advances in the life sciences, including revolutionary breakthroughs in genomics and cloning. But the way companies generate ideas and bring them to market has been undergoing a fundamental change. In the old model of closed innovation, enterprises adhered to the following philosophy: Successful innovation requires control. In other words, companies must generate their own ideas, then develop, manufacture, market, distribute and service those ideas themselves. For most of the 20th century, that model worked well, as evidenced by the spectacular successes of central R&D organizations such as AT&T's Bell Labs. Today, though, the internally oriented, centralized approach to R&D is becoming obsolete in many industries. Useful knowledge is widely disseminated, and ideas must be used with alacrity. If not, they will be lost. Such factors create a new logic of open innovation, in which the role of R&D extends far beyond the boundaries of the enterprise. Specifically, companies must now harness outside ideas to advance their own businesses while leveraging their internal ideas outside their current operations. That fundamental change offers novel ways to create value ? along with new opportunities to claim portions of that value.
A 200V Partial SOI 0.18µm CMOS technology

A novel 0. 18µm 200V integrated technology based on Partial SOI and lateral Super Junctions devices is presented. The dielectric isolation inherent in SOI allows simple and area-efficient integration of electrically floating CMOS and HV devices while removing all substrate carrier injection-related parasitic effects. The Super Junctions give a competitively low on-resistance of HVMOS and provide a wide-range breakdown voltage-scaling capability.
Flavanones That Selectively Inhibit TRPM3 Attenuate Thermal Nociception In Vivo

Transient receptor potential melastatin 3 (TRPM3) is a calcium-permeable nonselective cation channel that is expressed in a subset of dorsal root (DRG) and trigeminal ganglia sensory neurons. TRPM3 can be activated by the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate (PregS) and heat. TRPM3−/− mice display an impaired sensation of noxious heat and thermal hyperalgesia. We have previously shown that TRPM3 is blocked by the citrus fruit flavanones hesperetin, naringenin, and eriodictyol as well as by ononetin, a deoxybenzoin from Ononis spinosa. To further improve the tolerability, potency, and selectivity of TRPM3 blockers, we conducted a hit optimization procedure by rescreening a focused library that was composed of chemically related compounds. Within newly identified TRPM3 blockers, isosakuranetin and liquiritigenin displayed favorable properties with respect to their inhibitory potency and a selective mode of action. Isosakuranetin, a flavanone whose glycoside is contained in blood oranges and grapefruits, displayed an IC50 of 50 nM and is to our knowledge the most potent inhibitor of TRPM3 identified so far. Both compounds exhibited a marked specificity for TRPM3 compared with other sensory TRP channels, and blocked PregS-induced intracellular free Ca2+ concentration signals and ionic currents in freshly isolated DRG neurons. Furthermore, isosakuranetin and previously identified hesperetin significantly reduced the sensitivity of mice to noxious heat and PregS-induced chemical pain. Because the physiologic functions of TRPM3 channels are still poorly defined, the development and validation of potent and selective blockers is expected to contribute to clarifying the role of TRPM3 in vivo.
Oil Price Uncertainty

The theories of investment under uncertainty and real options predict that uncertainty about, for example, oil prices will tend to depress current investment. We reinvestigate the relationship between the price of oil and investment, focusing on the role of uncertainty about oil prices. We find that volatility in oil prices has had a negative and statistically significant effect on several measures of investment, durables consumption, and aggregate output. We also find that accounting for the effects of oil price volatility tends to exacerbate the negative dynamic response of economic activity to a negative oil price shock, while dampening the response to a positive oil price shock. Copyright (c) 2010 The Ohio State University.
Efficacy of propafenone hydrochloride in preventing postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting.

BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common complications after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and the incidence of postoperative AF (PAF) is estimated to range from 10% to 40%. PAF is a serious complication that is related to unstable hemodynamics, development of embolisms, patient discomfort, and increased medical costs associated with the prolongation of hospital stay. Sometimes, immediate attention is also necessary. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of treatment with the antiarrhythmic drug propafenone hydrochloride, which was administered in the early postoperative period, in preventing the development of PAF, and we attempted to identify risk factors for PAF. MATERIALS AND METHODS The subjects were 78 patients who underwent isolated off-pump CABG between July 2007 and October 2008. We conducted the study by dividing the patients into 2 groups, a group of 26 patients who received propafenone hydrochloride (P group) and a control group of 52 patients who did not receive this drug (C group). The patients in the P group were given propafenone hydrochloride (150-450 mg/day orally) for 10 days, starting on the day after surgery, and were observed for the development of AF by means of continuous 12-lead electrocardiographic monitoring. Development of AF was defined as AF that lasted <or=30 minutes or as supraventricular arrhythmia that required new treatment even though it did not persist for 30 minutes. RESULTS The background factors of the patients in the P and C groups were similar. The operation times and the numbers of distal anastomoses in the 2 groups were similar, and there were no particular differences between the 2 groups with respect to postoperative factors. The incidence of PAF was 35% in the C group and significantly lower in the P group (12%, P = .0337). Moreover, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that propafenone hydrochloride was the sole factor that prevented the development of PAF (odds ratio, 0.207; 95% confidence interval, 0.053-0.804; P = .0229). CONCLUSION Cases must be carefully considered before administering propafenone hydrochloride, but the results of this study indicate that propafenone hydrochloride may prevent the development of PAF.
Likelihood-Based Inference in Cointegrated Vector Autoregressive Models

This book gives a detailed mathematical and statistical analysis of the cointegrated vector autoregresive model. This model had gained popularity because it can at the same time capture the short-run dynamic properties as well as the long-run equilibrium behaviour of many non-stationary time series. It also allows relevant economic questions to be formulated in a consistent statistical framework. Part I of the book is planned so that it can be used by those who want to apply the methods without going into too much detail about the probability theory. The main emphasis is on the derivation of estimators and test statistics through a consistent use of the Guassian likelihood function. It is shown that many different models can be formulated within the framework of the autoregressive model and the interpretation of these models is discussed in detail. In particular, models involving restrictions on the cointegration vectors and the adjustment coefficients are discussed, as well as the role of the constant and linear drift. In Part II, the asymptotic theory is given the slightly more general framework of stationary linear processes with i.i. d. innovations. Some useful mathematical tools are collected in Appendix A, and a brief summary of weak convergence in given in Appendix B. The book is intended to give a relatively self-contained presentation for graduate students and researchers with a good knowledge of multivariate regression analysis and likelihood methods. The asymptotic theory requires some familiarity with the theory of weak convergence of stochastic processes. The theory is treated in detail with the purpose of giving the reader a working knowledge of the techniques involved. Many exercises are provided. The theoretical analysis is illustrated with the empirical analysis of two sets of economic data. The theory has been developed in close contract with the application and the methods have been implemented in the computer package CATS in RATS as a result of a rcollaboation with Katarina Juselius and Henrik Hansen.
A Device-Level Characterization Approach to Quantify the Impacts of Different Random Variation Sources in FinFET Technology

A simple device-level characterization approach to quantitatively evaluate the impacts of different random variation sources in FinFETs is proposed. The impacts of random dopant fluctuation are negligible for FinFETs with lightly doped channel, leaving metal gate granularity and line-edge roughness as the two major random variation sources. The variations of Vth induced by these two major categories are theoretically decomposed based on the distinction in physical mechanisms and their influences on different electrical characteristics. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed through both TCAD simulations and experimental results. This letter can provide helpful guidelines for variation-aware technology development.
Testing Factor Pricing Models in Tunisia: Macroeconomic Factors vs. Fundamental Factors

The arbitrage pricing theory and the intertemporal capital asset pricing model do not identify the risk factors that drive expected stock returns. Two approaches have emerged from the literature to fill the gap: macroeconomic models and fundamental models. A common view is that macroeconomic models have sounder economic rationale than fundamental models, but the latter fit the data better than the former. However, many papers in the U.S. have recently shown that even in empirical work, macroeconomic models perform better than fundamental models. This paper addresses this issue in the Tunisian stock market. We found no evidence that fundamental models explain average returns better than macroeconomic models in Tunisia. On the contrary, a macroeconomic model that contains as factors the term structure, private bank lending and retail sales generate the best empirical results. The empirical evidence here and in the U.S. implies that the common practice of using exclusively fundamental models in many areas of financial research is inappropriate. Macroeconomic models should be considered in the empirical asset pricing literature in addition to, or instead of, fundamental models.
Are Mothers’ and Fathers’ Parenting Characteristics Associated With Emerging Adults’ Academic Engagement?

Although parenting is clearly linked to academic engagement in adolescence, less is known about links between parenting and academic engagement in emerging adulthood. A diverse sample of college students (N = 633; 53.1% female, 45.7% White/European American, 28.3% Asian American/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 26.4% Hispanic/Latino American, 21.6% Black/African American, and 2.8% Native American/American Indian) answered surveys about mothers’ and fathers’ parenting style, parent–offspring relationship quality, academic attitudes, academic behaviors, and academic performance. Emerging adults with more permissive mothers viewed grades as less important than emerging adults with less permissive mothers. Mothers’ authoritarian parenting, mothers’ permissive parenting, and relationship quality with father were differentially related to academic engagement depending on emerging adults’ gender. Both mothers’ and fathers’ parenting characteristics may affect the academic engagement of emerging adults via past parenting behaviors and current quality of the parent–offspring relationship, despite decreased physical proximity of emerging adults and their parents.
Feto-Placental Steroid Metabolism in Growth Retarded Human Fetuses

ABSTRACT. The goal of the study was the determination of the relative roles of the placenta and the fetus in causing low serum estriol (E3) levels in women bearing fetuses with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Umbilical venous levels of E3 and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) were measured in 31 samples from fetuses with IUGR, 21 of whom were vaginally delivered and 10 who were delivered by cesarean section. In addition, estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) were measured in 11 of the samples. The results were compared with 11 samples from cesarean section delivered control term infants and 54 samples from vaginally delivered control infants. The vaginally delivered IUGR group had a significantly lower mean umbilical venous DHAS level than did their control group (2128 ± 158 ng/ml SEM versus 2645 ± 130, p<0.05). Both the vaginally delivered and cesarean section delivered IUGR infants had umbilical venous E3 levels significantly lower than in their control groups (70 ± 10 ng/ml SEM versus 144 ± 10, p<0.001, and 46 ± 11 ng/ml SEM versus 136 ± 23, p<.01, respectively). Umbilical venous E1 and E2 levels were not different from the control values. E1, E2, E3, and DHAS were measured in eight maternal venous samples obtained from mothers bearing fetuses with IUGR. In comparison with 11 control mothers, only E3 was significantly different (10.7 ± 3.0 ng/ml SEM in mothers with IUGR fetuses versus 25.0 ± 4.9 in control mothers p< 0.01). The study provides evidence for reduced DHAS secretion in one group of the fetuses with IUGR, and no evidence for decreased placental conversion of DHAS to the estrogens E1 and E2. The significantly low E3 values in both umbilical and maternal samples are postulated to result not only from the reduced fetal adrenal DHAS secretion, but also underactive 16a-hydroxylase activity in fetal liver or low efficiency of 16a-OH-DHAS, relative to DHAS, as a substrate for placental conversion to an estrogen.
When Does Money Make Money More Important? Survey and Experimental Evidence

The authors investigate how the amount and source of income affects the importance placed on money. Using a longitudinal analysis of the British Household Panel Survey and evidence from two laboratory experiments, they found that larger amounts of money received for labor were associated with individuals placing greater importance on money; but this effect did not hold for money not related to work. The longitudinal survey analysis demonstrated these differential effects of the source of income on money's importance while holding constant stable individual differences. The experiments provide causal evidence that the source of income has an effect on the importance of money as well as on the effort expended to earn more money. The authors' results suggest that, even as individual differences in the importance placed on money may affect peoples' income, depending on its source, income can also affect the importance people place on money.
Preschool Teachers Candidates’ View on the Profession in the Context of Past, Today and Tomorrow

This Study is done in order to determine job guarantee criteria, which is an important determinant of the choice of profession, effect on preschool teacher candidates. Dissemination of preschool education project increased the need for preschool institutions and preschool teachers. Thus, Open University started education to train preschool teachers and individuals graduated from various positions have been appointed as preschool teachers. This situation has made preschool profession a guaranteed job which affected students’ career choice. With the thought that the factors in teachers’, who train future generations, choices of profession affect the future; it is aimed to investigate teacher candidates’ feelings. Study group is created with the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th grade students studying in the department of early childhood education in 2011-2012 academic year, in Agri Ibrahim Cecen University. The number of teacher candidates is 148 with 72 women and 76 men in which there are equal number of people from each grade. With this work, information about students’ skills’ close proximity to teaching, outlook on the profession, willingness to make the profession in the future and information about the situations which they like or don’t like is reached.