Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NON-ISOTROPIC MATERIAL DISTRIBUTION TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION FOR FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING PRODUCTS

Mechanical properties of products produced with the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process are known to be dependent on bead direction, especially when short fiber reinforcement is added to the polymer filament feedstock. As a result, the structural performance of fiber-filled FDM parts is expected to be improved by simultaneously computing preferred deposition directions while optimizing the internal support structure. This paper presents a topology optimization method for computing the material distribution within a fiber-reinforced polymer composite FDM part that incorporates the non-isotropic mechanical properties of the bead structure. Unlike the well-established homogenization topology optimization method which determines pointwise orthotropic properties by increasing the complexity of the design problem, our approach takes advantage of the simplicity of the SIMP method where the underlying orthotropic orientation is assumed. Computed results show the effect that the orientation of fiber filled bead orthotropic microstructure has on part topology for 2D FDM parts.
Peter Drucker on the Profession of Management

Preface - the future that has already happened. Part 1 The theory of the business - the effective decision: how to make people decisions the big power of little ideas the discipline of innovation managing for business effectiveness the information executives really need. Part 2 The new society of organizations - what business can learn from nonprofits: the new productivity challenge management and the world's work the post-capitalist executive.
The comparison between cloud computing and grid computing

It is a great idea to make many normal computers together to get a super computer, and this computer can do a lot of things. This is the concept of cloud computing. Cloud computing is an emerging model of business computing. And it is becoming a development trend. This article compares cloud computing and grid computing. Internet has connected all the computers in the world. Grid computing has been put forward under this background. Its core concept is to complete computing based on compute grid, in it every computer will devote power. In recent years a new concept cloud computing has been put forward, it can connect millions of computers to a super cloud. This article also introduces the application field the merit of cloud computing, such as, it do not need user's high level equipment, so it reduces the user's cost. It provides secure and dependable data storage center, so user needn't do the awful things such storing data and killing virus, this kind of task can be done by professionals. It can realize data share through different equipments. The users need not know how the cloud runs. In this paper I describe the concept of cloud computing and grid computing and compare them.
Hot Deformation and Processing Window Optimization of a 70MnSiCrMo Carbide-Free Bainitic Steel

The hot deformation behavior of a high carbon carbide-free bainitic steel was studied through isothermal compression tests that were performed on a Gleeble-1500D thermal mechanical simulator at temperatures of 1223–1423 K and strain rates of 0.01–5 s−1. The flow behavior, constitutive equations, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) characteristics, and processing map were respectively analyzed in detail. It is found that the flow stress increases with increasing the strain rate and decreases with increasing the temperature, and the single-peak DRX can be easily observed at high temperatures and/or low strain rates. The internal relationship between the flow stress and processing parameters was built by the constitutive equations embracing a parameter of Z/A, where the activation energy for hot deformation is 351.539 kJ/mol and the stress exponent is 4.233. In addition, the DRX evolution and the critical conditions for starting DRX were discussed. Then the model of the DRX volume fraction was developed with satisfied predictability. Finally, the processing maps at different strains were constructed according to the dynamic material model. The safety domains and flow instability regions were identified. The best processing parameters of this steel are within the temperature range of 1323–1423 K and strain rate range of 0.06–1 s−1.
Best-Reply Mechanisms ( extended abstract )

In many real-world settings, strategic agents are instructed to follow best-reply dynamics. Indeed, many computational protocols are based on such repeated greedy interactions. Such settings give rise to a natural question, that has received very little attention: Is it in the best interest of the strategic agents to follow best-reply dynamics? That is, is it true that a player cannot improve his final outcome by not behaving myopically? Surprisingly, we find that in many interesting cases the answer to this question is Yes. This enables us to design incentivecompatible algorithms for many environments, both old and new. We initiate the study of best-reply dynamics in the context of mechanism design. We first describe a structural property of games that implies that best-reply dynamics not only converge to a pure Nash equilibrium, but are also incentive-compatible. We prove that all the following examples have this helpful structure: Internet protocols (TCP-inspired congestion-control settings, and interdomain routing environments), classic cost-sharing problems, and several economic stable matching problems. Finally, we consider two important auction settings that do not have this special structure: iterative auctions with unit-demand bidders, and adword auctions. Using inherently different techniques, we prove that best-reply dynamics converge and are incentive-compatible in these settings. ∗The School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. Google, Tel Aviv, Israel. Supported by grants from the Israel Science Foundation. E-mail: noam@cs.huji. ac.il †Department of Computer Science, Yale University, CT, USA, and Computer Science Division University of California at Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA. Supported by NSF grant 0331548. E-mail: michael.schapira@yale.edu. ‡Computer Science Division University of California at Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA. Work supported under a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. E-mail: gvaliant@cs.berkeley. edu §The School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, and Microsoft Israel Research and Development Center. Supported by grants from the Israel Science Foundation. E-mail: avivz@cs.huji. ac.il
Emergence of Social Enterprises and Their Place in the New Organizational Landscape

Recent dynamics in the social and economic environment have facilitated the emergence of new-hybrid-organizational forms, a phenomenon that has been frequently associated with the blurring of boundaries among the for-profit, public and nonprofit sectors. Focusing on social enterprises, a particular type of hybrid organizations emerging in the nonprofit sector, this paper suggests that the appearance of hybrid organizational forms triggers behavioral changes at the micro-the organizational-level, but hardly affects sector boundaries. The paper offers a fresh conceptualization of social enterprises, and furthermore presents an original way to classify traditional and new organizational forms according to economic, public and social authority. The new organizational landscape is illustrated.
CT/CT Angiography and MRI Findings Predict Recurrent Stroke After Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Stroke: Results of the Prospective CATCH Study

Background and Purpose— Transient ischemic attack and minor stroke portend a substantial risk of recurrent stroke. MRI can identify patients at high risk for a recurrent stroke. However, MRI is not commonly available as an emergency. If similarly clinically predictive, a CT/CT angiographic (CTA) imaging strategy would be more widely applicable. Methods— Five hundred ten patients with consecutive transient ischemic attack and minor stroke underwent CT/CTA and subsequent MRI. We assessed the risk of recurrent stroke within 90 days using standard clinical variables and predefined abnormalities on the CT/CTA (acute ischemia on CT and/or intracranial or extracranial occlusion or stenosis ≥50%) and MRI (diffusion-weighted imaging-positive). Results— There were 36 recurrent strokes (7.1%; 95% CI, 5.0–9.6). Median time to the event was 1 day (interquartile range, 7.5). Median time from onset to CTA was 5.5 hours (interquartile range, 6.4 hours) and to MRI was 17.5 hours (interquartile range, 12 hours). Symptoms ongoing at first assessment (hazard ratio, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.02–4.9), CT/CTA abnormalities (hazard ratio, 4.0; 95% CI, 2.0–8.5), and diffusion-weighted imaging positivity (hazard ratio, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.05–4.7) predicted recurrent stroke. In the multivariable analysis, only CT/CTA abnormalities predicted recurrent stroke. In a secondary analysis, CT/CTA and MRI were not significantly different in their discriminative value in predicting recurrent stroke (0.67; (95% CI, 0.59–0.76 versus 0.59; 95% CI, 0.52–0.67; P=0.09). Conclusions— Early assessment of the intracranial and extracranial vasculature using CT/CTA predicts recurrent stroke and clinical outcome in patients with transient ischemic attack and minor stroke. In many institutions, CTA is more readily available than MRI and physicians should access whichever technique is more quickly available at their institution.
Chronic Pain as a Variant of Depressive Disease The Pain‐Prone Disorder

Review of the literature shows that the common syndrome of chronic pain of uncertain origin appears to be perpetuated by central mechanisms. No plausible neurological theory has been proposed. While the alternative concept of chronic pain as a psychogenic disorder has remained a vague entity, there is strong support to view chronic pain as the prime expression of a muted depressive state. This form of masked depression, however, tends to be associated with a number of characteristic traits. Our studies of patients with chronic pain have led to the identification of a well defined psychobiological disorder with characteristic clinical, psychodynamic, biographic, and genetic features. This syndrome is termed the pain-prone disorder and is viewed as a variant of depressive disease. It proves a distinct entity when compared with a group of patients whose pain can be related to a well defined somatic disease. The chronicity of the disorder appears partially related to the practice of protracted, costly, and futile physical procedures, focusing on a phantom peripheral source of the pain—a practice commonly pursued by patients and physicians. Recognition of the disorder allows for early, rational, and more effective treatment approaches.
Family Studies: Their Role in the Evaluation of Genetic Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Abstract Early epidemiological studies showed that genetic factors contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease. Genetic epidemiological studies based upon families can be used to investigate familial trait aggregation, to localize genes implicated in cardiovascular diseases in the human genome, and to establish the role of environmental factors. Family studies can be also used to identify the physiological role of candidate genes for cardiovascular diseases, and to characterize shared environmental risk factors and their impact on the expression of genetic predisposition. The present paper reviews the existing family studies with special emphasis on those which have studied healthy populations in relation to cardiovascular disease such as the Framingham Heart Study, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study, and the STANISLAS cohort.
The False Promise of Adolescent Brain Science in Juvenile Justice

Recent scientific findings about the developing teen brain have both captured public attention and begun to percolate through legal theory and practice. Indeed, many believe that developmental neuroscience contributed to the U.S. Supreme Court’s elimination of the juvenile death penalty in Roper v. Simmons. Post-Roper, scholars assert that the developmentally normal attributes of the teen brain counsel differential treatment of young offenders, and advocates increasingly make such arguments before the courts. The success of any theory, though, depends in large part on implementation, and challenges that emerge through implementation illuminate problematic aspects of the theory. This Article tests the legal impact of developmental neuroscience by analyzing cases in which juvenile defendants have attempted to put it into practice. It reveals that most such efforts fail. Doctrinal factors hamstring most claims — for example, that persons with immature brains are incapable of forming the requisite mens rea for serious crimes. Limitations intrinsic to the science itself — for example, individual variation — also hinder its relevance and impact. These factors both explain why developmental neuroscience has had minimal effects on juvenile justice in the courts and illustrate why it generally should. Moreover, direct reliance on neuroscience as the metric for juvenile justice policy may jeopardize equality and autonomy interests, and brain-based arguments too frequently risk inaccuracy and overstatement. The cases also strongly suggest that neuroscience does not materially shape legal decision-makers’ beliefs and values about youthful offenders but instead will be read through the lens of those beliefs and values. Developmental neuroscience nonetheless can play a small role in juvenile justice going forward. Legislatures and courts may regard that science as one source among many upon which to draw when basing policy choices on assumptions about juveniles as a group. To go further is unwarranted and threatens to draw attention away from critical legal and environmental factors — good schools, strong families, economic opportunities, mental health care, humane sentencing regimes, and rehabilitative services — that are both more important and subject to greater direct control.
Patterns of Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Young Adolescents in Singapore

The authors investigated the patterns of reactive and proactive aggression exhibited by young male (N = 604) and female (N = 544) adolescents in Singapore. Self-report measures of reactive and proactive aggression, behavioral and emotional adjustment, parenting styles, and delinquency were administered to students aged 13–14. Using cluster analysis, three distinct patterns of aggression emerged: a low aggressive group, a combined aggressive group with high reactive and proactive aggression, and a reactively aggressive group with low proactive and high reactive aggression. The two aggressive groups showed similar disturbances in adjustment and delinquency, but the combined group showed the greatest disruptions. Findings indicate cross-cultural stability of patterns of aggression as well as the usefulness of the reactive/proactive distinction in early identification of individuals with adjustment problems.
NONLINEAR OPEN LOOP OPTIMAL TRACKING USING MAGNETOSTRICTIVE TRANSDUCERS

The design of high performance smart material devices requires control laws that can achieve stringent performance criteria required in many industrial, automotive, aerospace and biomedical applications. Moderate to high field inputs are often required which introduces nonlinear, hysteretic constitutive behavior. This often cannot be effectively compensated using linear control theory. In the present work, a nonlinear optimal control methodology is developed for tracking a reference trajectory when nonlinear, hysteretic constitutive behavior is significant. For brevity, we focus on open loop control for regimes when disturbances are minimal. The nonlinear control design is investigated on magnetostrictive rod-type actuators by implementing a homogenized energy model. Significant emphasis is place on material behavior at multiple length scales to produce an accurate and efficient model to compensate for nonlinear, hysteretic magnetostrictive constitutive behavior.
Shakespeare, Einstein, and the Bottom Line: The Marketing of Higher Education

* Introduction: The New U * Part I: The Higher Education Bazaar *1. This Little Student Went to Market *2. Nietzsche's Niche: The University of Chicago *3. Benjamin Rush's "Brat": Dickinson College *4. Star Wars: New York University * Part II: Management 101 *5. The Dead Hand of Precedent: New York Law School *6. Kafka Was an Optimist: The University of Southern California and the University of Michigan *7. Mr. Jefferson's "Private" College: Darden Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Virginia * Part III: Virtual Worlds *8. Rebel Alliance: The Classics Departments of Sixteen Southern Liberal Arts Colleges *9. The Market in Ideas: Columbia University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology *10. The British Are Coming--and Going: Open University * Part IV: The Smart Money *11. A Good Deal of Collaboration: The University of California, Berkeley *12. The Information Technology Gold Rush: IT Certification Courses in Silicon Valley *13. They're All Business: DeVry University * Conclusion: The Corporation of Learning * Notes * Acknowledgments * Index
Compact spade-shaped antenna with a band-notched characteristic for UWB application

Using spade-shaped patch and a U-shaped slot, we achieved a compact ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with an excellence band-rejection characteristic. The measured impedance bandwidth defined by VSWR<;2 of 8.0GHz (3.0-11.0GHz), with a notched band of 5.0-5.9GHz, is obtained. The proposed antenna with an overall dimension of only 38×42mm2 is successfully designed and measured, showing broadband matched impedance and stable radiation patterns. A relative high gain of 4.05dBi is achieved.
The Complex Permittivity of Polyethylene/Mica Composites

The complex relative permittivity ¿*(f) of polyethylene/mica composites has been measured in the frequency range 10-2 to 107 Hz, as a function of mica content ¿2 and prior sample conditioning. ¿*(f) was found to display two main features: ¿'-¿' ¿and K'' vary as fn-1 with 0.64¿n¿0.83 for all ¿2, on account of the intrinsic dispersive properties of the mica. In addition, K'' displays a broad peak centered in the audio frequency range, associated with ¿Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars¿ losses due to absorbed water. Finally, the high frequency permittivity K'¿ is compared with various ¿mixture formulae in the literature; Sillars' theory is found to fit experimental data well, even at high ¿2 values.
AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR8 Regulates Arabidopsis Petal Growth by Interacting with the bHLH Transcription Factor BIGPETALp[C][W]

This study defines a previously unknown combinatorial interaction between transcription factors in plants and provides a better understanding of how plants integrate signals to regulate petal development. It also highlights the role of a motif in the bHLH transcription factor that resembles a motif that was previously shown to be important in auxin signaling. Plant organ growth and final size are determined by coordinated cell proliferation and expansion. The BIGPETALp (BPEp) basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor was shown to limit Arabidopsis thaliana petal growth by influencing cell expansion. We demonstrate here that BPEp interacts with AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR8 (ARF8) to affect petal growth. This interaction is mediated through the BPEp C-terminal domain (SDBPEp) and the C-terminal domain of ARF8. Site-directed mutagenesis identified an amino acid consensus motif in SDBPEp that is critical for mediating BPEp-ARF8 interaction. This motif shares sequence similarity with motif III of ARF and AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID proteins. Petals of arf8 mutants are significantly larger than those of the wild type due to increased cell number and increased cell expansion. bpe arf8 double mutant analyses show that during early petal development stages, ARF8 and BPEp work synergistically to limit mitotic growth. During late stages, ARF8 and BPEp interact to limit cell expansion. The alterations in cell division and cell expansion observed in arf8 and/or bpe mutants are associated with a change in expression of early auxin-responsive genes. The data provide evidence of an interaction between an ARF and a bHLH transcription factor and of its biological significance in regulating petal growth, with local auxin levels likely influencing such a biological function.
Membrane Drug Transporters and Chemoresistance in Human Pancreatic Carcinoma

Pancreatic cancer ranks among the tumors most resistant to chemotherapy. Such chemoresistance of tumors can be mediated by various cellular mechanisms including dysregulated apoptosis or ineffective drug concentration at the intracellular target sites. In this review, we highlight recent advances in experimental chemotherapy underlining the role of cellular transporters in drug resistance. Such contribution to the chemoresistant phenotype of tumor cells or tissues can be conferred both by uptake and export transporters, as demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro data. Our studies used human pancreatic carcinoma cells, cells stably transfected with human transporter cDNAs, or cells in which a specific transporter was knocked down by RNA interference. We have previously shown that 5-fluorouracil treatment affects the expression profile of relevant cellular transporters including multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs), and that MRP5 (ABCC5) influences chemoresistance of these tumor cells. Similarly, cell treatment with the nucleoside drug gemcitabine or a combination of chemotherapeutic drugs can variably influence the expression pattern and relative amount of uptake and export transporters in pancreatic carcinoma cells or select for pre-existing subpopulations. In addition, cytotoxicity studies with MRP5-overexpressing or MRP5-silenced cells demonstrate a contribution of MRP5 also to gemcitabine resistance. These data may lead to improved strategies of future chemotherapy regimens using gemcitabine and/or 5-fluorouracil.
The learning brain: lessons for education: a précis.

1. Introduction.2. The Developing Brain.3. Words and Numbers in Early Childhood.4. The Mathematical Brain.5. The Literate Brain.6. Learning to Read and its Difficulties.7. Disorders of Social-Emotional Development.8. The Adolescent Brain.9. Life Long Learning.10. Learning and Remembering.11. Different Ways of Learning.12. Harnessing the Learning Powers of the Brain.Appendix. Glossary.References. Further Reading.Index