Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of gender-matching and racial self-labeling on paranoia in African-American men with severe mental illness.

OBJECTIVE The present study examined the effects of gender-matching and racial self-labeling on the paranoid symptoms of African-American men with severe mental illness. It was hypothesized that gender matching would: 1) reduce self-reports of both interpersonal and cultural paranoia in these male participants with severe mental illness, and 2) the gender effect would be strongest among those patients who racially self-label as African-American. METHOD One-hundred-twenty-four African-American male psychiatric patients were interviewed by a male or female black psychologist. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted with the Fenigstein Paranoia Scale (FPS) and Cultural Mistrust Inventory (CMI) as dependent variables, and the male gender-matched group (0=no, 1=yes) and racial self-labeling as the independent variables controlling for age; education; never married (0=no, 1=yes); diagnosis of schizophrenia (0=no, 1=yes); need for approval; self-esteem; and the scales of Distrust, Perceived Hostility of Others, and False Beliefs and Perceptions from the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview. RESULTS There was a significant main effect for male gender-matching on the FPS. Participants in the male gender-matched group scored lower than the other group on the FPS. For the CMI, there was a significant interaction of male gender match by racial self-labeling effect. Participants who were male gender-matched and self-labeled as African-American reported the highest scores on the CMI. CONCLUSION The findings provide partial support for the hypotheses. Both gender-matching and racial identity together may be important considerations for black males needing mental health services.
Secure Optimization Computation Outsourcing in Cloud Computing: A Case Study of Linear Programming

Cloud computing enables an economically promising paradigm of computation outsourcing. However, how to protect customers confidential data processed and generated during the computation is becoming the major security concern. Focusing on engineering computing and optimization tasks, this paper investigates secure outsourcing of widely applicable linear programming (LP) computations. Our mechanism design explicitly decomposes LP computation outsourcing into public LP solvers running on the cloud and private LP parameters owned by the customer. The resulting flexibility allows us to explore appropriate security/efficiency tradeoff via higher-level abstraction of LP computation than the general circuit representation. Specifically, by formulating private LP problem as a set of matrices/vectors, we develop efficient privacy-preserving problem transformation techniques, which allow customers to transform the original LP into some random one while protecting sensitive input/output information. To validate the computation result, we further explore the fundamental duality theorem of LP and derive the necessary and sufficient conditions that correct results must satisfy. Such result verification mechanism is very efficient and incurs close-to-zero additional cost on both cloud server and customers. Extensive security analysis and experiment results show the immediate practicability of our mechanism design.
Genotypic heterogeneity within Giardia lamblia isolates demonstrated by M13 DNA fingerprinting

There has been considerable speculation regarding the possible relationship between the phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity seen among human isolates of Giardia lamblia and the wide clinical spectrum of human giardiasis. Several workers have suggested that human giardiasis may be a mixed infection consisting of variant strains or subgroups which are present in the same infection and which are selectable, but it is not clear whether these apparent variant strains represent a truly heterogeneous infection or whether the genotypic heterogeneity observed is due to the susceptibility of the Giardia genome to a high rate of structural genetic rearrangement. We have therefore studied variation in Giardia intestinalis genotypes in 19 isolates in vitro and in vivo by using the technique of M13 DNA fingerprinting. Genotypes of isolates changed with time when cultured under standard conditions and when pressured with bile. Sequential isolates and their clones taken from a patient with chronic giardiasis both before and after several treatments with metronidazole had different genotypes. Finally, clones of isolate WB had different initial genotypes, which changed after 4 months in culture. These findings suggest that the apparent genotypic heterogeneity at least in these G. intestinalis isolates is more likely to be due to the plasticity of the Giardia genome than to the presence of a truly mixed population of strains within the same infection.
The 2011 Magnitude 9.0 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake: Mosaicking the Megathrust from Seconds to Centuries

Detailed geophysical measurements reveal features of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki megathrust earthquake. Geophysical observations from the 2011 moment magnitude (Mw) 9.0 Tohoku-Oki, Japan earthquake allow exploration of a rare large event along a subduction megathrust. Models for this event indicate that the distribution of coseismic fault slip exceeded 50 meters in places. Sources of high-frequency seismic waves delineate the edges of the deepest portions of coseismic slip and do not simply correlate with the locations of peak slip. Relative to the Mw 8.8 2010 Maule, Chile earthquake, the Tohoku-Oki earthquake was deficient in high-frequency seismic radiation—a difference that we attribute to its relatively shallow depth. Estimates of total fault slip and surface secular strain accumulation on millennial time scales suggest the need to consider the potential for a future large earthquake just south of this event.
Encoded Protocols : Overhead Analysis on Elections

Practical distributed systems are typically built under a crash-fault model. Recently, arbitrary faults such as bit flips have been observed surprisingly often [5], and have disrupted large services such as Amazon S3 [2]. We present a framework for building distributed protocols which automatically improves their fault coverage by means of an encoded processing compiler [4]. Although encoded protocols cannot withstand attacks by malicious adversaries, they can tolerate a wide variety of non-malicious arbitrary faults. This preliminary work focuses on leader election, a fundamental primitive in distributed systems. In these protocols, a bit flips can possibly violate liveness and safety properties, for instance, by never electing a leader, or by electing more than one leader at the same time. We implement two election algorithms in our framework and experimentally analyze the transformation’s overhead on CPU utilization and election time.
Generating monitor circuits for simulation-friendly GSTE assertion graphs

Formal and dynamic (simulation, emulation, etc.) verification techniques are both needed to deal with the overall challenge of verification. Ideally, the same specification/testbench would work with both formal and dynamic techniques, with the same semantics in both. Unfortunately, this is typically not the case. In particular, generalized symbolic trajectory evaluation (GSTE) is a powerful formal verification technique developed by Intel and successfully used on next-generation microprocessor designs, but the specification formalism for GSTE relies on "symbolic constants", which intrinsically exploit the underlying formal verification engine and cannot be reasonably handled via non-symbolic means. In this paper, we propose a modified version of GSTE specifications, and we present efficient, automatic constructions to convert from the new simulation-friendly GSTE specifications into the conventional GSTE specifications (to access the formal verification tool flow) as well as into completely non-symbolic monitor circuits suitable for the conventional dynamic verification. We demonstrate empirically that our simulation-friendly specification style is expressive enough for almost all real GSTE specifications, that our monitor construction is linear-size, and that our monitor construction imposes minimal overhead over a previously published monitor construction that was not fully non-symbolic.
An Interpretation of Erlang into Value-passing Calculus

In this paper we present a new process calculus VPC and an interpretation for core Erlang. VPC is at least as expressive as VPC and it is more effective for verification with some built-in functions. The wellestablished symbolic bisimulation in value-passing calculus is now helpful for solving the infinite-state space problem of data values in equivalence checking and verfication. Compared to the previous formalization work of modeling core Erlang in -calculus, the new interpretation has the following main merits: some essential features for Erlang are implemented faithfully; and above all the soundness of the interpretation is proved with respect to late symbolic bisimulation.
The Human V-PreB Promoter Is a Target for Coordinated Activation by Early B Cell Factor and E471

The development of mature B lymphoid cells involves a highly orchestrated regulation of stage- and lineage-specific genes. In this study, we report an analysis of the human surrogate L chain VpreB promoter. The promoter has an overall homology of 56% to the mouse counterpart and displays a preB cell-restricted activity in transient transfections in cell lines. The promoter harbors three independent binding sites for early B cell factor (EBF) as defined by EMSA and supershift experiments. These sites were important for the full function of the promoter in a preB cell line, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that EBF interacts with the promoter in vivo. In addition to this, ectopic expression of EBF induces the activity of a reporter gene under control of the VpreB promoter in epithelioid HeLa cells, an effect augmented by coexpression of the basic-helix-loop helix transcription factor E47. The ability to interact directly with E47 was shared by the promoters controlling the human mb-1 and B29 genes. These data indicate that the human VpreB promoter is a direct target for activation by EBF and E47 and that functional collaboration between these proteins may be of great importance in human B cell development.
Blocks Differentiation to B-1 Conventional B Cells In Vivo: Cyclosporin A B-1 Cells Differentiate from Splenic Choline-Specific B-1 Cells Suggesting That Identification of a Precursor to Phosphatidyl

The origin of B-1 cells is controversial. The initial paradigm posited that B-1 and B-2 cells derive from separate lineages. More recently it has been argued that B-1 cells derive from conventional B cells as a result of T-independent Ag activation. To understand B-1 cell differentiation, we have generated Ig transgenic (Tg) mice using the H and L chain genes (V H 12 and V k 4) of anti-phosphatidyl choline (anti-PtC) B cells. In normal mice anti-PtC B cells segregate to B-1. Segregation is intact in V H 12 (6-1) and V H 12/V k 4 (double) Tg mice that develop large numbers of PtC-speciﬁc B cells. However, if B-1 cell differentiation is blocked, anti-PtC B cells in these Tg mice are B-2-like in phenotype, suggesting the existence of an Ag-driven differentiative pathway from B-2 to B-1. In this study, we show that double Tg mice have a population of anti-PtC B cells that have the phenotypic characteristics of both B-2 and B-1 cells and that have the potential to differentiate to B-1 (B-1a and B-1b). Cyclosporin A blocks this differentiation and induces a more B-2-like phenotype in these cells. These ﬁndings indicate that these cells are intermediate between B-2 and B-1, further evidence of a B-2 to B-1 differentiative pathway. The Journal of Immunology, 2000, 164: 2924–2930. -1 cells constitute a small but nevertheless signiﬁcant subset in mice (1). They differ from the more abundant conventional or B-2 cells in a number of respects that presumably reﬂect their different PE-conjugated, and biotinylated Abs were combined. The biotinylated Ab binding was revealed by addition of streptavidin-RED670 (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD). To detect PtC-binding B cells, liposomes encapsulating carboxyﬂuorescein were used as previously described (15). Contours are 5% probability.
The effects of serotonin and ecdysone on primary sensory neurons in crayfish

The overall behaviors and motivational states observed during social interactions and throughout the molting cycle of crayfish have been linked to the effects of humoral neuromodulators. Both serotonin (5‐HT) and a molt‐related hormone, 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20‐HE), are known to be present in the hemolymph of crustaceans. To determine if they alter the activity of a primary sensory neuron that monitors proprioceptive information, we examined their effects on the activity of the slow‐adapting muscle receptor organ (MRO) of the crayfish abdomen, a model sensory system that has been extensively studied. 5‐HT within the range of 100 nM to 1 μM, increases the firing frequency of the neuron during sustained stimulation. In experiments in which 20‐HE was added alone, an increase in the firing frequency also occurred, although to a lesser degree than that for 5‐HT at the same concentrations. When the MRO is first exposed to 20‐HE, followed sequentially by 5‐HT, the activity increases to about the same degree as in the reverse order of exposure. This outcome indicates that mixtures of these endogenous neuromodulators, at various levels, are more important in alternating behavior than the absolute level of any one of them introduced alone. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:336–345, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimised PDMS Tunnel Devices on MEAs Increase the Probability of Detecting Electrical Activity from Human Stem Cell-Derived Neuronal Networks

Measurement of the activity of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neuronal networks with microelectrode arrays (MEAs) plays an important role in functional in vitro brain modelling and in neurotoxicological screening. The previously reported hPSC-derived neuronal networks do not, however, exhibit repeatable, stable functional network characteristics similar to rodent cortical cultures, making the interpretation of results difficult. In earlier studies, microtunnels have been used both to control and guide cell growth and amplify the axonal signals of rodent neurons. The aim of the current study was to develop tunnel devices that would facilitate signalling and/or signal detection in entire hPSC-derived neuronal networks containing not only axons, but also somata and dendrites. Therefore, MEA-compatible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) tunnel devices with 8 different dimensions were created. The hPSC-derived neurons were cultured in the tunnel devices on MEAs, and the spontaneous electrical activity of the networks was measured for 5 weeks. Although the tunnel devices improved the signal-to-noise ratio only by 1.3-fold at best, they significantly increased the percentage of electrodes detecting neuronal activity (52–100%) compared with the controls (27%). Significantly higher spike and burst counts were also obtained using the tunnel devices. Neuronal networks inside the tunnels were amenable to pharmacological manipulation. The results suggest that tunnel devices encompassing the entire neuronal network can increase the measured spontaneous activity in hPSC-derived neuronal networks on MEAs. Therefore, they can increase the efficiency of functional studies of hPSC-derived networks on MEAs.
Activation of Foxo1 by Insulin Resistance Promotes Cardiac Dysfunction and &bgr;–Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Expression

Background—Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA and is closely associated with diabetes mellitus. The molecular link between diabetes mellitus and heart failure is incompletely understood. We recently demonstrated that insulin receptor substrates 1, 2 (IRS1, 2) are key components of insulin signaling and loss of IRS1 and IRS2 mediates insulin resistance, resulting in metabolic dysregulation and heart failure, which is associated with downstream Akt inactivation and in turn activation of the forkhead transcription factor Foxo1. Methods and Results—To determine the role of Foxo1 in control of heart failure in insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, we generated mice lacking Foxo1 gene specifically in the heart. Mice lacking both IRS1 and IRS2 in adult hearts exhibited severe heart failure and a remarkable increase in the &bgr;-isoform of myosin heavy chain (&bgr;-MHC) gene expression, whereas deletion of cardiac Foxo1 gene largely prevented the heart failure and resulted in a decrease in &bgr;-MHC expression. The effect of Foxo1 deficiency on rescuing cardiac dysfunction was also observed in db/db mice and high-fat diet mice. Using cultures of primary ventricular cardiomyocytes, we found that Foxo1 interacts with the promoter region of &bgr;-MHC and stimulates gene expression, mediating an effect of insulin that suppresses &bgr;-MHC expression. Conclusions—Our study suggests that Foxo1 has important roles in promoting diabetic cardiomyopathy and controls &bgr;-MHC expression in the development of cardiac dysfunction. Targeting Foxo1 and its regulation will provide novel strategies in preventing metabolic and myocardial dysfunction and influencing MHC plasticity in diabetes mellitus.
A SEMI-AUTOMATIC HIGH RESOLUTION SAR DATA INTERPRETATION PROCEDURE

This paper describes a semi-automatic procedure for cartographic mapping using high resolution SAR data. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional feature extractions are combined in order to achieve a basic yet effective recognition of the elements in the scene. Many interesting elements of the landscape are automatically extracted without requiring a large interaction with the operator. In particular, the procedure is well suited for detecting man-made features, such are the road network (outside and inside human settlements) and built up areas. It can be used, however, to extract higher level elements of the scene, such as crossroads, bridges and overpasses, by data fusion at the feature level of the previous extraction, because it is characterized by a multi-scale object-based
Meta-learning Approach for Automatic Parameter Tuning: A case of study with educational datasets

This paper proposes to the use of a meta-learning approach for automatic parameter tuning of a well-known decision tree algorithm by using past information about algorithm executions. Fourteen educational datasets were analysed using various combinations of parameter values to examine the effects of the parameter values on accuracy classification. Then, the new metadataset was used to predict the classification accuracy on the basis of the value parameters and some characteristics of the dataset. The obtained classification models can help us decide how the default parameters should be tuned in order to increase the accuracy of the classifier when using different types of educational datasets.
A 2020 vision of patient-centered primary care

Patient-centered care has received new prominence with its inclusion by the Institute of Medicine as 1 of the 6 aims of quality. Seven attributes of patient-centered primary care are proposed here to improve this dimension of care: access to care, patient engagement in care, information systems, care coordination, integrated and comprehensive team care, patient-centered care surveys, and publicly available information. The Commonwealth Fund 2003 National Survey of Physicians and Quality of Care finds that one fourth of primary care physicians currently incorporate these various patient-centered attributes in their practices. To bring about marked improvement will require a new system of primary care payment that blends monthly patient panel fees with traditional fee-for-service payment, and new incentives for patient-centered care performance. A major effort to test this concept, develop a business case, provide technical assistance and training, and diffuse best practices is needed to transform American health care.
Visual Literacy/Aesthetic Development Research: Museum-Public School Cooperation

In a bold research project, New York's Mu seum of Modern Art and the New York City Public School system joined forces to create a visual literacy/aesthetic development pro gram. To accomplish this goal, research was undertaken that included a methodology to ascertain the aesthetic development stages of students. This population was tested before and after experiencing a newly created art curriculum, with related activities. In addition, a select group of teachers participated in special visual literacy training workshops. These teachers also were tested to identify growth in aesthetic development stages. The article discusses the methodological ap proaches and the research findings. After ward, the results of the project are evaluated in light of several conceptual and design lim itations, including (a) consideration of atti tudes, (b) attention to student learning styles and the need to adapt pedagogical ap proaches, (c) the study of age and aesthetic development, (d) the possibility of a Hawthorne Effect, and (e) the creation of a limited studio art module as part of the curriculum. This museum-public school research project pro vides a foundation for additional, integrated studies.
For Richer or Poorer: Women, Men and Marriage

In 1972 Jessie Bernard argued that women fared much worse in marriage than men. She suggested that in every marriage there are two marriages “his” and “hers” and his is much better than hers on almost every indicator – demographically, socially, and psychologically. Almost three decades later the issues raised by Bernard are still being debated. Waite and Gallagher (2000) have argued that all married people are happier, healthier and better off financially than unmarried people. Most recently, DeVaus (2002) claims that marriage reduces the risk of mental disorders for both men and women. Our paper addresses these issues. Using data from the Negotiating the Lifecourse survey we examine the relationship between marriage, gender and a range of social outcomes. We focus on two main areas – outcomes associated with the labor market and outcomes associated with the household. In particular we advance debates in the areas by examining the experience of de facto cohabitations separately from legal marriage. This enables us to examine the impact of the institutional status of marriage on outcomes as opposed to cohabitation more generally.
Dynamin 2 regulation of integrin endocytosis, but not VEGF signaling, is crucial for developmental angiogenesis

Here we show that dynamin 2 (Dnm2) is essential for angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In cultured endothelial cells lacking Dnm2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling and receptor levels are augmented whereas cell migration and morphogenesis are impaired. Mechanistically, the loss of Dnm2 increases focal adhesion size and the surface levels of multiple integrins and reduces the activation state of β1 integrin. In vivo, the constitutive or inducible loss of Dnm2 in endothelium impairs branching morphogenesis and promotes the accumulation of β1 integrin at sites of failed angiogenic sprouting. Collectively, our data show that Dnm2 uncouples VEGF signaling from function and coordinates the endocytic turnover of integrins in a manner that is crucially important for angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo.