Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abnormal regulation of the oestrogen receptor in benign breast lesions

Background—In normal breast tissue the oestrogen receptor (ER) and the proliferation associated antigen Ki67 are negatively associated, indicating that ER+ cells are non-dividing, or that the receptor is downregulated as cells enter cycle. This relation is completely or partially lost in many ER+ breast cancers and in in situ proliferations associated with an increased cancer risk, where coexpression of the two markers is often found. Aims—To determine whether similar changes can be identified in other risk associated breast lesions. Patients/Methods—Paraffin wax blocks from 12 cases of lactational change, 21 apocrine metaplasias, 22 duct ectasias, 20 sclerosing adenosis, 20 fibroadenomas, 19 phyllodes tumours, 20 radial scars, 21 papillomas (15 solitary and six multiple), 15 gynaecomastias, and nine postmortem male breast tissues were retrieved. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of ER and dual labelling immunofluorescence was used to detect cells expressing both ER and Ki67. Results—Increased numbers of ER+ cells were seen in sclerosing adenosis, radial scars, papillomas, fibroadenomas, and phyllodes tumours but not in apocrine cysts (where no ER+ cells were detected) or duct ectasia (where normal numbers were found). As in the normal breast, the proportion of ER+ cells increased with age in all lesions with the exception of fibroadenomas. Coexpression of ER and Ki67 was found in an increased proportion of cells of all risk associated lesions studied. ER+ cells were less likely to be dividing than ER− cells in all cases, although this was significant only for sclerosing adenosis. The data on sclerosing adenosis, radial scars, papillomas, and fibroadenomas are comparable with those reported previously in hyperplasia of usual type, whereas those in duct ectasia are similar to those of the normal breast. The findings in all lesions, however, differed from those in ductal carcinoma in situ, where proportions of ER+ and ER+/Ki67+ cells are higher and the relation between ER+ cell numbers and age is lost. Thus, the nature and degree of dysregulation of ER in benign breast lesions is broadly in accordance with the degree of risk of developing breast cancer with which they are associated. In gynaecomastia, the proportions of ER+ and ER+/Ki67+ cells were comparable with those seen in benign female breast lesions, but changes with age were not observed. However, the changes in gynaecomastia were similar to those seen in normal male breast. Conclusion—These findings are in keeping with the contention that the dissociation of ER and Ki67 expression is a very early change in the pathway to many breast cancers. However, this change might only have preneoplastic importance in the hormonal milieu of the female breast.
Dynamic pricing and inventory control with learning

Optimal operating policies and corresponding managerial insight are developed for the decision problem of coordinating supply and demand when (i) both supply and demand can be influenced by the decision maker and (ii) learning is pursued. In particular, we determine optimal stocking and pricing policies over time when a given market parameter of the demand process, though fixed, initially is unknown. Because of the initially unknown market parameter, the decision maker begins the problem horizon with a subjective probability distribution associated with demand. Learning occurs as the firm monitors the market's response to its decisions and then updates its characterization of the demand function. Of primary interest is the effect of censored data since a firm's observations often are restricted to sales. We find that the first‐period optimal selling price increases with the length of the problem horizon. However, for a given problem horizon, prices can rise or fall over time, depending on how the scale parameter influences demand. Further results include the characterization of the optimal stocking quantity decision and a computationally viable algorithm. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 303–325, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10013
Boundary Constrained Swept Surfaces for Modelling and Animation

Due to their simplicity and intuitiveness, swept surfaces are widely used in many surface modelling applications. In this paper, we present a versatile swept surface technique called the boundary constrained swept surfaces. The most distinct feature is its ability to satisfy boundary constraints, including the shape and tangent conditions at the boundaries of a swept surface. This permits significantly varying surfaces to be both modelled and smoothly assembled, leading to the construction of complex objects. The representation, similar to an ordinary swept surface, is analytical in nature and thus it is light in storage cost and numerically very stable to compute. We also introduce a number of useful shape manipulation tools, such as sculpting forces, to deform a surface both locally and globally. In addition to being a complementary method to the mainstream surface modelling and deformation techniques, we have found it very effective in automatically rebuilding existing complex models. Model reconstruction is arguably one of the most laborious and expensive tasks in modelling complex animated characters. We demonstrate how our technique can be used to automate this process.
Was There a British House Price Bubble? Evidence from a Regional Panel

This paper investigates the bubbles hypothesis with a dynamic panel data model of British regional house prices between 1972 and 2003. The model consists of a system of inverted housing demand equations, incorporating spatial interactions and lags and relevant spatial parameter heterogeneity. The results are data consistent, with plausible long-run solutions and include a full range of explanatory variables. Novel features of the model include transaction cost effects influencing the speed of adjustment, and interaction effects between an index of credit availability and real and nominal interest rates. No evidence for a recent bubble is found.
Employer Policies and Organizational Commitment in Britain 1992–97

An important current of thinking in the last decade has emphasized the need for a shift from control to commitment as the central objective of management employment policies. This paper is concerned to assess whether there was a significant increase in British employees’ commitment to their organizations in the 1990s, using comparative data from two large-scale and nationally representative surveys carried out in 1992 and 1997. It finds that there was no evidence of an increase in commitment over the period. As in the early part of the decade, employees had only a weak level of attachment to their organizations. The analysis examines a number of factors that have been seen as important determinants of such commitment: changes in the level of skill, task discretion, controls over work performance, and forms of employee involvement. While there were changes in some of these factors that encouraged higher commitment, these were largely cancelled out by a notable decline in the discretion that employees were allowed to exercise over their work.
Detection of Novel CD Antigens on the Surface of Human Mast Cells and Basophils

Background: Mast cells (MC) and basophils are effector cells of allergic reactions. Growth and function of these cells are regulated by a network of cytokines, other ligands, and respective cell surface membrane receptors. Methods: In the present study, we examined the expression of novel CD antigens on human lung MC, skin MC, blood basophils, the MC line HMC-1, and the basophil cell line KU-812. Expression of surface antigens was analyzed by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and indirect immunofluorescence staining techniques. Results: Primary MC were found to react with mAbs against KIT (CD117), the signal regulatory protein SIRP-α (CD172a), and the ectoenzyme E-NPP3 (CD203c). Human basophils were found to express large amounts of E-NPP3 and lower levels of Siglec-5 (CD170), CXCR4 (CD184) and SIRP-α. The HMC-1 cell line was recognized by mAbs against SIRP-α, CXCR4, endothelial protein C receptor (CD201) and E-NPP3. KU-812 cells were found to react with mAbs against E-NPP3, CXCR4 and glycophorin C (CD236R), but did not react with mAb against endothelial protein C receptor. Most of the other CD antigens tested disclosed negative results. Conclusions: In summary, our data provide further evidence that MC and basophils express a unique composition of surface antigens. The use of novel CD antibodies may help to isolate MC and basophils and to study their functional properties.
A SWOT analysis on Six Sigma: some perspectives from leading academics and practitioners

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Six Sigma based on the perspectives of leading academics and practitioners. Design/methodology/approach - The approach taken was to collate opinions from a number of leading academics and practitioners from different countries. It was also important to ensure that all participants in the study had a good knowledge and expertise in the field of Six Sigma. Findings - The key findings are presented in the paper. Research limitations/implications - The viewpoints expressed in the paper are based on leading experts from both academic and industrial communities. Due to limited time constraints, the number of people who participated in the study was relatively small. Originality/value - The paper provides an excellent resource for many researchers and practitioners equally who are engaged in research and applications of the most powerful business process improvement methodology we have witnessed for several years.
Citizens' Use of Twitter in Political Information Sharing in South Korea

This study examined citizens’ use of social networking site Twitter in political information sharing in South Korea. Content analysis was used in classifying message types and sentiments from the most frequently re-tweeted (RT) messages including the names of three top political leaders running for general elections in 2012. Correlation analysis comparing citizens’ use of Twitter in political information sharing online with results of public opinion polls offline indicated: 1) the volume and magnitude of re-tweeted messages are significantly correlated with results of public opinion polls; 2) types of messages are not correlated with the public opinion polling results; 3) positive and negative sentiment revealed in Twitter messages are highly correlated with the results of public opinion polls. Findings from this case study provide insights into citizens’ use of Twitter in political communication.
High-coupling leaky SAWs on LiTaO3 thin plate bonded to quartz substrate

Leaky surface acoustic waves (LSAWs) and longitudinal-type LSAWs (LLSAWs) have a number of beneficial characteristics such as a larger electromechanical coupling factor K2 and higher phase velocity than those of Rayleigh-type SAWs. However, LSAWs and LLSAWs have inherent attenuation because they lose energy by continuously radiating bulk waves into the substrate. To solve this problem, the authors previously reported that the attenuation of LSAWs and LLSAWs can be reduced by loading with an aluminum nitride (AlN) thin film with a higher phase velocity than that of the substrate [1,2]. However, K2 is reduced owing to the small piezoelectricity of the AlN thin film. In this study, to obtain a substrate structure with a higher K2, the propagation properties of LSAWs and LLSAWs on a LiTaO3 (LT) thin plate bonded to a quartz substrate were investigated experimentally.
Effects of the composition of bacteriological growth media on a chemiluminometric assay of beta-galactosidase in Escherichia coli.

The effects of the composition of bacteriological growth media on the light output in a chemiluminometric assay of beta-galactosidase in Escherichia coli using 1,2-dioxetane substrates has been studied. In this assay a basic conflict exists between conditions that promote optimal bacterial growth and those conducive to maximal chemiluminescence. Common medium ingredients such as yeast or beef extract, protein hydrolysates and lactose suppress light emission and/or lead to high backgrounds. Quenching of light emission is probably partly due to light absorption by medium ingredients such as oxgall, and partly to interference with the reaction triggering the chemiluminescent process. Elevated backgrounds are caused by the presence of high concentrations of protein hydrolysates, which interact with the alkali in the accelerator solution. Only two purposely developed media, i.e. ILM and Colicult are shown to reconcile the requirements of growth support with that of optimal luminescent properties.
The passionate teacher and the passionate leader in the passionate school

It is the thesis of this chapter that for a school to be outstandingly successful and to have that purposeful buzz about it that everyone recognizes and might qualify it to earn the sobriquet ‘passionate’, you need teachers who are themselves passionate and, for that to happen to a sufficient and lasting extent, they in turn will need passionate leadership. The evidence rests on stories from schools and recent conversations with ten headteachers all of whom recognized the issue of ‘passion’ in schooling as one worth discussing. As one of them remarked: ‘The absence of it need not be disastrous – I have a perfectly efficient head of science who isn’t passionate but gets results – but its presence provides a step-change in what’s possible. Suddenly, things you always thought just out of reach are brought within your grasp. ’ But as this quote also identifies the crucial need for high competence allied to such passion: indeed if you are doomed to have the one without the other, competence is to be more highly prized. A clue as to what one might mean is to be found in the following extract from Robert Fried’s (2002) book The Passionate Teacher:
A comparison of crushed oats versus whole oats for milk production in dairy cows.

Toland (1976) showed that when oats were fed to steers there was a small improvement in digestibility from dry-rolling. These oats were fed as a supplement to hay at total intakes of 6 kg DM/day rather than as a supplement to pasture at higher levels of intake. We have compared crushed and whole oats fed to dairy cows grazing pasture to determine whether using crushed oats in the diet affected milk production.
The Field Experience in Hospitality Education

the HRI program have engaged in modified field experiences such as the &dquo;seminar-practicum,&dquo;1 the cooperative, and the work study program, but educators have recently emphasized the importance of a closer alliance between the academic and the industrial worlds. Many twoand four-year schools have responded to this relatively new emphasis. In fact, an extended program of actual, field experience is now thought to be second in . importance only to a student’s professionally oriented course work. ’
The Mycobacterium bovis BCG Cyclic AMP Receptor-Like Protein Is a Functional DNA Binding Protein In Vitro and In Vivo, but Its Activity Differs from That of Its M. tuberculosis Ortholog, Rv3676

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3676 encodes a cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor-like protein (CRPMt) that has been implicated in global gene regulation and may play an important role during tuberculosis infection. The CRPMt ortholog in Mycobacterium bovis BCG, CRPBCG, is dysfunctional in an Escherichia coli CRP competition assay and has been proposed as a potential source of M. bovis BCG's attenuation. We compared CRPBCG and CRPMt in vitro and in vivo, in M. bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis, to evaluate CRPBCG's potential function in a mycobacterial system. Both proteins formed dimers in mycobacterial lysates, bound to the same target DNA sequences, and were similarly affected by the presence of cAMP in DNA binding assays. However, CRPMt and CRPBCG differed in their relative affinities for specific DNA target sequences and in their susceptibilities to protease digestion. Surprisingly, CRPBCG DNA binding activity was stronger than that of CRPMt both in vitro and in vivo, as measured by electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Nutrient starvation-associated regulation of several CRPMt regulon members also differed between M. bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis. We conclude that CRPBCG is a functional cAMP-responsive DNA binding protein with an in vivo DNA binding profile in M. bovis BCG similar to that of CRPMt in M. tuberculosis. However, biologically significant functional differences may exist between CRPBCG and CRPMt with respect to gene regulation, and this issue warrants further study.
Outcome after relapse among children with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group study CCG-1952.

PURPOSE The event-free survival (EFS) of children with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (SR-ALL) is now more than 80%. However, prognosis after relapse continues to be poor. We examined postrelapse outcomes of children initially treated on the Children's Cancer Group CCG-1952 study. PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated outcomes after bone marrow (BM) relapse and isolated extramedullary (EM) relapse for 347 patients with SR-ALL (WBC < 50,000/microL; age, 1 to 9 years). The prognostic significance of several factors for EFS after relapse (EFS2) was assessed by Cox regression analysis. Stem-cell transplant (SCT) was compared with chemotherapy as salvage treatment. RESULTS The mean +/- SE times to isolated central nervous system relapse, BM relapse, and isolated testicular relapse were 23 +/- 1 months (range, 1 to 88 months), 36 +/- 1 months (range, 2 to 79 months), and 40 +/- 2 months (range, 16 to 64 months), respectively. The estimated percent +/- SE 3-year EFS2 and overall survival rates after BM relapse were 37% +/- 4% and 46% +/- 4%, respectively, and rates after isolated EM relapse were 57% +/- 5% and 71% +/- 5%, respectively. By multivariate analysis, we found the duration of first remission to be the most significant predictor of EFS2 for either BM relapse or isolated EM relapse. Outcome was equivalent with SCT or chemotherapy after early or late relapse of SR-ALL at any site. CONCLUSION Duration of first remission remains the most significant predictor of outcome after either BM or isolated EM relapse of SR-ALL. Prognosis after early BM relapse remains poor and is not improved with SCT in this cohort.
Safety, liveness and real-time in embedded system design

Modelling of complex systems should be based on mathematical notions rather than being bound tightly to any programming language. Therefore, it is useful to be able to distinguish the different constituents of a distributed and concurrent system. In this paper, we focus on the formal properties known as safety? characterisations of the kind `nothing bad ever happens? and liveness? characterisations of the kind `something good eventually happens? Since embedded system specifications consist of timing as well as functional constraints, we also discuss real-time properties and their relation to safety and liveness. We represent specifications graphically using the Temporal Logic of Actions, a logic that models system behaviour by sequences of states. The main part of this paper is a case study where we model an access cycle in the Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, based on an abstract channel specification.
Evaluation of CFD sub-models for in-cylinder light-duty diesel engine simulation

An evaluation of the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) sub-models for in-cylinder diesel engine combustion and emission simulations was conducted using an integrated numerical model from commercial CFD software FLUENT 6.3. 26. As these simulations are sensitive to user-defined empirical parameters, the main aim of this investigation is to obtain an adjusted set of model parameters in order to achieve realistic results with the current version of FLUENT. Validation of simulation results is based on matching parallel experimental data to gauge the accuracy and applicability of each sub-model used. A Lagrangian Discrete Phase Model is employed to simulate spray atomisation/breakup process. Wave model is used, and the corresponding breakup time constant value, B1 that equals to 20 produces the most accurate results. Other sub-models such as drop distortion and dynamic drag, spray wall impingement and wall film with rebounding sliding and break-up, two-way turbulence coupling, collision and coalescences are integrated to model the dynamics of fuel spray. RNG k-ε is best suited for RANS approach to capture in-cylinder turbulent flow condition. Non-premixed combustion model which adopts the PDF approach provides good prediction of the in-cylinder diesel combustion process. The rich flammability limit of 0.1 produces good agreement with the experimental data. Extended Zeldovich, Fenimore and Turbulence-Interaction are incorporated to model NOx generation. One-step Khan and Greeves model is used for soot formation and oxidation prediction. Both soot and NOx models are parametrically calibrated to give reasonable predictions of the experimental measurements.
Enhanced response time for transformer oil monitoring by a thermal pump

Dissolved gas in oil analysis is a key measure to determine the status and the health state of power transformers. Different sensors and devices have been developed in the past for continuous on-line monitoring of these gas concentrations. A critical point for these measurements is a good exchange of the oil at the sensor with the oil in the main circulation of the transformer. Due to the low diffusion of the gasses in oil strong gradients of the gas concentration can occur in the different parts of the transformers. Therefore, a thermal pump will be investigated here for providing a strong oil exchange between the sensor and the main transformer part. The pump will be tested under different installation conditions and its fast response time to concentration changes can be shown under these different installations.
Intrusion Detection Using Fuzzy Meta-Heuristic Approaches

Due to a growing number of intrusion events, organizations are increasingly implementing various intrusion detection systems that classify network traffic data as normal or anomaly. In this paper, three intrusion detection systems based fuzzy meta-heuristics are proposed. The first one is a fuzzy stochastic local search (FSLS). The second one is a fuzzy tabu search (FTS) and the third one is a fuzzy deferential evolution (FDE). These classifiers are built on a knowledge base modelled as a fuzzy rule "if-then". The main purpose of these methods is to get the highest quality solutions by optimizing the fuzzy rules generation. The proposed classifiers FSLS, FTS and FDE are tested on the benchmark KDD'99 intrusion dataset and compared with some well-known existing techniques for intrusion detection. The results show the efficiency of the proposed approaches in the intrusion detection field.