Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A right/left-handed transmission line with variable phase constant composed of cutoff waveguide with dielectric stubs

A composite right/left-handed waveguide-type transmission line with a variable phase constant is proposed. The transmission line is composed of a cutoff waveguide and short stubs. The phase constant can be changed from -30 deg. to +30 deg. per a unit cell by moving a dielectric in the stubs and the top wall of the stubs mechanically. The phase constant changes continuously because the right-handed mode always exists just above the left-handed frequency band without a band gap.
Interneighborhood Migration, Race, and Environmental Hazards: Modeling Microlevel Processes of Environmental Inequality1

This study combines longitudinal individual‐level data with neighborhood‐level industrial hazard data to examine the extent and sources of environmental inequality. Results indicate that profound racial and ethnic differences in proximity to industrial pollution persist when differences in individual education, household income, and other microlevel characteristics are controlled. Examination of underlying migration patterns further reveals that black and Latino householders move into neighborhoods with significantly higher hazard levels than do comparable whites and that racial differences in proximity to neighborhood pollution are maintained more by these disparate mobility destinations than by differential effects of pollution on the decision to move.
SafePass: Authentication under duress for ATM transactions

With the proliferation of ATM installations throughout the world, billions of transactions are being conducted annually. This easy, location independent and 24 hours access to money has also given birth to ATM related thefts and this situation is more pronounced in developing countries with poor law and order situation. Panic passwords can be used as an effective mean to signal stress during authentication. Panic password scheme provides a safe way to avoid a forced authentication or signal stress when authentication is a result of coercive action. In this paper, we introduce SafePass, a new panic password scheme that can be easily deployed over the ATM infrastructure. In SafePass, special attention is given from the usability perspective as it would be extremely valuable for large scale proliferation.
Theoretical Studies on P-Type Conduction in (S,Cu) Co-Doped ZnO

Based on the first-principles calculations with density functional theory, the formation energy and electronic structure of (S, Cu) co-doped ZnO has been investigated, where the doping cases including related defects for Cu mono-doped, S-Cu co-doped, and S-2Cu co-doped ZnO are studied. The calculated results show that the formation energy of S-2Cu complex is lower than that of S-Cu complex under the O-rich condition. From the electronic structure, S-2Cu complex forms a peak of impurity state at the top of valence band. It was further found that heavy doping of Cu, not only enhances the acceptor concentration, but also leads to shallower acceptor energy level. Therefore, we concluded that S-2Cu complex is suitable for yielding better p-type conductivity in ZnO. The results are in good agreement with the experiment results.
Site and mechanism of anesthetic action. I. Effect of anesthetics and pressure on fluidity of spin-labeled lipid vesicles.

The lipid expansion hypothesis of anesthesia has been re-examined. We have measured the effect of anesthetics and pressure on the order parameter of phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol bilayer vesicles labeled with fatty acid spin labels. Concentrations of halothane, chloroform, diethyl ether, butanol, and benzyl alcohol which produce general anesthesia have no significant effect on the order of the bilayer structure, while 100 atm of helium have a constant small ordering effect with or without anesthetics. The lack of correlation between anesthetic and pressure effects on lipid model membranes fails to support the lipid fluidization hypothesis of anesthesia or to account for pressure reversal of general and local anesthesia.
Advances in high‐resolution accurate mass spectrometry application to targeted proteomics

Targeted quantitative proteomic analyses aim at systematically measuring the abundance of proteins in large sets of samples, without biases or missing values. One typical implementation is the verification of biomarker candidates in bodily fluids, which measures extended lists of validated transitions using triple quadrupole instruments in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. However, the selectivity of this mass spectrometer is limited by the resolving power of its mass analyzers, and interferences may require the reanalysis of the samples. Despite the efforts undertaken in the development of software, and resources to design SRM studies, and to analyze and validate the data, the process remains tedious and time consuming. The development of fast scanning high‐resolution and accurate mass (HRAM) spectrometers, such as the quadrupole TOF and the quadrupole orbitrap instruments, offers alternatives for targeted analyses. The selectivity of HRAM measurements in complex samples is greatly improved by effectively separating co‐eluting interferences. The fragment ion chromatograms are extracted from the high‐resolution MS/MS data using a narrow mass tolerance. The entire process is straightforward as the selection of fragment ions is performed postacquisition. This account describes the different HRAM techniques and discusses their advantages and limitations in the context of targeted proteomic analyses.
NUCLEAR DNA AND CYTOPLASMIC DNA FROM TISSUES OF HIGHER PLANTS

Young wheat roots were labeled with 32P-inorganic phosphate. Following the labeling period, roots were homogenized in a sucrose medium and fractionated into nuclei, cytoplasmic particles (including proplastids and mitochondria), and a soluble fraction containing most of the microsomes. DNA prepared from the particles had a higher buoyant density than that from the nuclei and showed a marked loss in total label if the roots were exposed to non-radioactive medium for 48 hours prior to fractionation of the cells.
More Than a Feeling? An Empirical Analysis of the Dual-Continua Model on a National Sample of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identified Canadians

ABSTRACT The goal of the study is to investigate whether positive mental health complements mental illness within a theoretically informed (the dual-continua model) and psychometrically tested (the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form) framework. National-level, population-based data from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey on Mental Health (CCHS-MH) was used, with comparisons between sexual minority and heterosexual adults. Results show that gay, lesbian, and bisexual Canadians have substantially lower rates of positive mental health and are more likely to have been diagnosed with a mental illness, with the disparities between health and illness being the most pronounced among lesbians and bisexual females. Results show considerable support for the dual-continua model, which posits that the absence of health does not automatically translate into the presence of illness, and vice versa. Suggestions are made for practitioners and researchers toward the use of the dual-continua model as a surveillance tool, especially among sexual minority individuals.
Optimizing sequential verification by retiming transformations

Sequential verification methods based on reachability analysis are still limited by the size of the BDDs involved in computations. Extending their applicability to larger and real circuits is still a key issue. Within this framework, we explore a new way to improve symbolic traversal performance, working on the representation of state sets. We exploit retiming to reduce the number of latches of a FSM, and to relocate them in order to obtain a simplified state set representation. We consider retiming as a temporary state space transformation to increase the efficiency of sequential verification. We discuss it as a state space transformation and we formally analyze the conditions under which such a transformation is equivalence preserving for a given property under verification. We lower image computation cost, and we reduce the size of BDDs representing intermediate results and state sets. Experimental results show considerable memory and time improvements on some benchmark and home made circuits.
Exercise Testing in Children

Exercise testing has a definite role in pediatrics today. Different methods are presented, and the value of maximal exercise with determination of oxygen uptake and blood lactate is stressed. In children with heart disease, exercise testing with precordial electrocardiogram can be of both diagnostic and prognostic value. The cardiovascular function at different intensities of exercise is evaluated, serious dysrhythmias may be revealed, hypertension judged and the effect of drug therapy can be checked by exercise testing. It is an important way in assessing the child's functional capacity after heart surgery in the decision whether she or he should take part in physical education and sports activities and in the choice of profession. It is also of great psychological value to the parents and the patient himself. In children with other chronic diseases, e.g., diabetes, obesity, asthma, neurocirculatory dysfunctions--physical training together with exercise testing is of importance for therapy and rehabilitation.
Synthesis of nanoparticles and preparation and characterization of nanopolymer matrix composites

In this study, nano α-alumina particles were synthesized by a sol–gel method using aqueous solutions of aluminum isopropoxide and 0.5 M aluminum nitrate. 1/3-benzene disoulfonic acid disodium salt (SDBS) and fluoride were used as surfactant stabilizing agent and additive, respectively. Results indicated that the finest size for nonagglomerated nanoalumina particles (15–20 nm) was achieved at 950 °C. The next part was about preparing PP nanocomposite containing nano α-Al2O3 particles. Mechanical tests, such as tensile, flexural, and impact tests showed that mechanical properties of the composite were enhanced by addition of nano α-Al2O3 particles and dispersant to the polymer. However, higher concentration of nano α-Al2O3 loading resulted in reduction of those mechanical properties, which could be due to agglomeration of nano α-Al2O3 particles. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic observations of the nanocomposites also showed that fracture surface became more roughened by increasing the content of filler loading from 1 to 4% wt.
A common Arrow based semantics for GEC and iData applications

State-based interactive applications, whether they run on the desktop or as a web application, can be considered as collections of interconnected editors of structured values that allow users to manipulate data. This is the view that is advocated by the GEC and iData toolkits, which offer a high level of abstraction to programming desktop and web GUI applications respectively. Special features of these toolkits are that editors have shared, persistent state, and that they handle events individually. In this paper we cast these toolkits within the Arrow framework and present a single, unified semantic model that defines shared state and event handling. We study the properties of this EditorArrow model, and of editors in particular. Furthermore, we present the definedness properties of the combinators. A reference implementation of the EditorArrow model is given with some small program examples. We discuss formal reasoning about the model using the proof assistant Sparkle.
On the effect of primary user traffic on secondary throughput and outage probability under Rayleigh flat fading channel

The effect of the primary traffic on a secondary user's (SU) throughput under Rayleigh flat fading channel is investigated. For this case, closed form expressions are derived for the average probability of detection and the average probability of false alarm. Based on these expressions, the average SU throughput under the desired signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) constraint in order to maintain the quality of the secondary link is found analytically considering the random arrival or departure of the primary user. It is shown that the spectrum sensing performance and SU throughput degrade with increase in the primary traffic and the deep fade condition of the channel over which the detection is performed. The degree of degradation in SU throughput is seen to be severed further due to the interference link from the primary transmitter to the secondary receiver. Under these detrimental effects, a sensing-throughput trade-off for SU is illustrated. Finally, the combined effect of the primary traffic, fading, imperfect spectrum sensing and the interference link from a primary transmitter is studied on the outage probability at SU.
Microstructural Coarsening of Zirconia-Toughened Alumina Composites

In this work, the microstructural coarsening induced by heat treatment at temperatures between 1450° and 1750°C, for different zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) materials has been studied. In doing so, grain growth kinetics and fracture toughness have been documented and analyzed. Obtained results are discussed and rationalized in terms of microstructural effects on zirconia clustering and transformability (content and size) and operative toughening mechanisms. Based on the relatively broad microstructural and toughness ranges exhibited by the ZTA composites developed and characterized, it is concluded that fracture toughness tailoring through microstructure control may be effectively implemented for these materials.
K Channel Subconductance Levels Result from Heteromeric Pore Conformations

Voltage-gated K channels assemble from four identical subunits symmetrically arranged around a central permeation pathway. Each subunit harbors a voltage-sensing domain. The sigmoidal nature of the activation kinetics suggests that multiple sensors need to undergo a conformational change before the channel can open. Following activation, individual K channels alternate stochastically between two main permeation states, open and closed. This binary character of single channel behavior suggests the presence of a structure in the permeation pathway that can exist in only two conformations. However, single channel analysis of drk1 (Kv2.1) K channels demonstrated the existence of four additional, intermediate conductance levels. These short-lived subconductance levels are visited when the channel gate moves between the closed and fully open state. We have proposed that these sublevels arise from transient heteromeric pore conformations, in which some, but not all, subunits are in the “open” state. A minimal model based on this hypothesis relates specific subconductance states with the number of activated subunits (Chapman et al., 1997). To stringently test this hypothesis, we constructed a tandem dimer that links two K channel subunits with different activation thresholds. Activation of this dimer by strong depolarizations resulted in the characteristic binary open–close behavior. However, depolarizations to membrane potentials in between the activation thresholds of the two parents elicited highly unusual single channel gating, displaying frequent visits to two subconductance levels. The voltage dependence and kinetics of the small and large sublevels associate them with the activation of one and two subunits, respectively. The data therefore support the hypothesis that subconductance levels result from heteromeric pore conformations. In this model, both sensor movement and channel opening have a subunit basis and these processes are allosterically coupled.
Moringa oleifera: A Review of the Medical Evidence for Its Nutritional, Therapeutic, and Prophylactic Properties. Part 1.

Moringa oleifera, or the horseradish tree, is a pan-tropical species that is known by such regional names as benzolive, drumstick tree, kelor, marango, mlonge, mulangay, nebeday, saijhan, and sajna. Over the past two decades, many reports have appeared in mainstream scientific journals describing its nutritional and medicinal properties. Its utility as a non-food product has also been extensively described, but will not be discussed herein, (e.g. lumber, charcoal, fencing, water clarification, lubricating oil). As with many reports of the nutritional or medicinal value of a natural product, there are an alarming number of purveyors of “healthful” food who are now promoting M. oleifera as a panacea. While much of this recent enthusiasm indeed appears to be justified, it is critical to separate rigorous scientific evidence from anecdote. Those who charge a premium for products containing Moringa spp. must be held to a high standard. Those who promote the cultivation and use of Moringa spp. in regions where hope is in short supply must be provided with the best available evidence, so as not to raise false hopes and to encourage the most fruitful use of scarce research capital. It is the purpose of this series of brief reviews to: (a) critically evaluate the published scientific evidence on M. oleifera, (b) highlight claims from the traditional and tribal medicinal lore and from non-peer reviewed sources that would benefit from further, rigorous scientific evaluation, and (c) suggest directions for future clinical research that could be carried out by local investigators in developing regions.
Associations between Maternal Hormonal Biomarkers and Maternal Mental and Physical Health of Very Low Birthweight Infants.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether maternal mental and physical health is associated with maternal testosterone and cortisol levels, parenting of very low birth weight infants, physical exercise, and White vs non-White race. A total of 40 mothers of very low birth weight infants were recruited from a neonatal intensive care unit at a University Hospital in the Southeast United States. Data were collected through a review of medical records, standardized questionnaires, and biochemical measurement. Maternal mental and physical health status using questionnaires as well as maternal testosterone and cortisol levels using an enzyme immunoassay were measured four times (birth, 40 weeks postmenstrual age [PMA], and 6 and 12 months [age of infant, corrected age]). General linear models showed that higher testosterone levels were associated with greater depressive symptoms, stress, and poorer physical health at 40 weeks PMA, and at 6 and 12 months. High cortisol levels were associated with greater anxiety at 40 weeks PMA; however, with better mental and physical health at 40 weeks PMA, and 6 and 12 months. Physical activity was associated with lower maternal perceived stress at 12 months. Maternal health did not differ by race, except anxiety, which was higher in White than non-White mothers after birth. As very low birth weight infants grew up, maternal physical health improved but mental health deteriorated. Testosterone and cortisol levels were found to be positively correlated in women but testosterone was more predictive of maternal mental and physical health than cortisol. Indeed testosterone consistently showed its associations with maternal health. Maternal stress might be improved through regular physical exercise.
Learnability and the Statistical Structure of Language: Poverty of Stimulus Arguments Revisited

1. Introduction Statistical learning, and " any account which assigns a fundamental role to segmentation, categorization, analogy, and generalization " is rejected in Chom-skyan linguistics as " mistaken in principle " (Chomsky, 1975). Acquisition is viewed, rather, as a search through the set of possible grammars for natural language , guided by successive inputs; or alternatively, as a parameter setting process in which the inputs serve as triggers. The stochastic nature of the input is thus ignored supposedly the learner is oblivious to the distributional frequencies of lexical items, grammatical constructions, and utterance types. Recent acquisition research, however, has shown that children, and even infants , are sensitive to the statistical structure of their linguistic input (Saffran et al. The situation with respect to learnability is thus significantly different from that which has been assumed. Stochastic languages may be learnable from positive examples alone, while their non-stochastic analogues require negative evi-observed, distributional information can provide " a kind of 'negative evidence' " in that expectations can be formed which may then be violated. And so, in at least some cases, the so-called 'logical problems' associated with the no negative evidence hypothesis may be solved by admitting the stochastic information. Thus, if UG is to account for all and only those properties of language " that can reasonably be supposed not to have been learned " (Chomsky, 1975) we must adopt a learning theory which is sensitive to the statistical properties of the input, and reassess poverty of stimulus arguments under those theoretical assumptions. This paper illustrates this by showing that the " parade case of an innate constraint " (Crain, 1991) i.e., Chomsky's (1975) poverty of stimulus argument that structure dependence must be a principle of UG fails to hold once stochas-tic information is admitted; the property of language in question is shown to be learnable with a statistical learning algorithm. Chomsky (1975) suggests that it is reasonable to suppose that aux-questions are derived from declaratives, and so children, presumably exposed to only simple forms of either type, should be free to generate either of two sorts of rules: a structure-independent rule i.e. move the first 'is' or the correct structure-dependent rule. Chomsky argues that since " cases that distinguish the hypotheses rarely arise, " (Piatelli-Palmarini, 1980) at least some children can be assumed not to encounter the relevant evidence for a considerable portion of their lives. Thus, since the …
Assessment of EAF Steel Slag Solubility by Statistical Design

Electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag solubility was studied using experimental design and statistical analysis. The solutions between pH 4 and 10, were mixed with the EAF steel slag for 0.5 hours at 350 rpm. The effects of the operating parameters, individually and their interaction, on the dissolution of slag elements were assess using full factorial design in the statistical design of experiment. The various parameters studied were pH (4-10), size (+0.2-1.2 mm), speed (0-700 rpm) and temperature (26-50°C). The results of the experimental design indicated that the main significant parameter within the ranges studied for Cr (VI) dissolution in solution was higher speed, lower size for Ca dissolution while for Si, was the positive interaction of speed and size. Maximum Cr (VI) of 0.0104 mg/L was obtained in solution at pH 10, slag size of 0.2 mm, temperature of 50°C and rotational speed of 700 rpm. Also, complimenting the solubility studies was slag characterization using XRF, XRD and SEM/EDX analysis. From these results, it can be concluded that the operating parameters considered individually and their interaction have effect on the solubility of EAF steel slag.
A framework for static detection of privacy leaks in android applications

We report on applying techniques for static information flow analysis to identify privacy leaks in Android applications. We have crafted a framework which checks with the help of a security type system whether the Dalvik bytecode implementation of an Android app conforms to a given privacy policy. We have carefully analyzed the Android API for possible sources and sinks of private data and identified exemplary privacy policies based on this. We demonstrate the applicability of our framework on two case studies showing detection of privacy leaks.