Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theoretical analysis of an on-chip integration of a III–V laser with a Ge photodetector using Si waveguides on patterned SOI substrates

We proposed and theoretically analyzed a new on-chip optical integration scheme that a direct epitaxial 1.3 μm III–V square microcavity laser is integrated with a Ge photodetector through Si waveguides on the patterned silicon-on-insulator substrates. The integrated laser is directly grown on the patterned silicon-on-insulator substrates by the selective area growth method and the Ge photodetector is directly grown on the upper Si layer. Through the numerical calculation and analysis, a high mode quality factor of 1804 and an optical coupling efficiency of 11.8% for the microcavity laser are obtained. The static characteristics of the laser are also investigated by rate equations. The Ge photodetector has an optical absorption efficiency more than 98% with the device length of 5 μm.
Learning Semantic-Aware Disentangled Representation for Flexible 3D Human Body Editing

3D human body representation learning has received increasing attention in recent years. However, existing works cannot flexibly, controllably and accurately represent human bodies, limited by coarse semantics and unsatisfactory representation capability, particularly in the absence of supervised data. In this paper, we propose a human body representation with fine-grained semantics and high reconstruction-accuracy in an unsupervised setting. Specifically, we establish a correspondence between latent vectors and geometric measures of body parts by designing a part-aware skeleton-separated decoupling strategy, which facilitates controllable editing of human bodies by modifying the corresponding latent codes. With the help of a bone-guided auto-encoder and an orientation-adaptive weighting strategy, our representation can be trained in an unsupervised manner. With the geometrically meaningful latent space, it can be applied to a wide range of applications, from human body editing to latent code interpolation and shape style transfer. Experimental results on public datasets demonstrate the accurate reconstruction and flexible editing abilities of the proposed method. The code will be available at http://cic.tju. edu.cn/faculty/likun/projects/SemanticHuman.
Dilemma Actions Boost Nonviolent Campaign Success

In the past three decades nonviolent social protest has become the most reliable path to democracy. However, not all nonviolent mobilization campaigns succeed. Since the early 20th century, less than 40 percent of nonviolent mass mobilization campaigns meet with success; and even during in the decades since the start of the third wave of democratization in 1974 more than half of these campaigns have failed. We examine why some nonviolent campaigns are more successful than others by analyzing the use of a particular type of tactic, the dilemma action , which is a nonviolent civil disobedience tactic that provokes a “response dilemma” for the target. Collecting original data on dilemma actions during nonviolent campaigns, we find that roughly one-third of mass nonviolent campaigns in the past century deploy this strategy. We theorize four mechanisms linking dilemma actions to nonviolent campaign success: facilitating group formation, delegitimizing opponents, reducing fear, and generating sympathetic media coverage. Finally, we assess whether dilemma actions increase campaign success rates, finding that dilemma actions are associated with a 11-16 percent increase in campaign success.
Crosslinguistic Influence in Learning Thai as a Third Language: Perspectives of Indonesian Ph.D. Candidates in Thailand

: This study examines the perspectives of Indonesian Ph.D. candidates in Thailand on the similarities and differences among Indonesian, English, and Thai languages, as well as the influence of Indonesian and English on learning Thai as a third language. A qualitative method with a phenomenological approach was used to analyze data gathered from four Indonesian Ph.D. candidates from different majors. The study found that there are several linguistic features shared between Indonesian, English, and Thai languages, including pronunciation, English loanwords, basic sentence structure, word order, and honorific terms and formality. These linguistic similarities facilitated the participants' learning of the Thai language as a third language. Moreover, the findings revealed that the participants' educational background played a significant role in the positive language transfer from their first and second languages to Thai. The study recommends that language educators and policymakers should acknowledge the importance of educational background in facilitating positive language transfer in third language acquisition. Furthermore, language programs should be designed to encourage multilingualism and code-switching in the classroom to promote students' linguistic awareness and proficiency. Additionally, language learners could benefit from opportunities to interact with native speakers and practice their language skills in real-world settings.
Problems of Retailers in the Cut Flower Sector and a Proposal for the Sustainability of the Sector: The Case of Turkey

The aim of this study was to identify the problems faced by retailers operating in the cut flower sector and to propose solutions to problems related to the sustainability of the sector. The study material consisted of data obtained by conducting a survey among 56 cut flower retailers in İzmir. In the study, factor analysis was used to determine the main problems that cut flower retailers encounter in the industry. Factor scores obtained through the factor analysis were divided into three clusters using cluster analysis. According to the results of the research, it was determined that the retailers included in the first cluster had the problem of obstacles to sales, the retailers in the second cluster had the problem of competition and cost increases, and finally, the retailers in the third cluster had the problem of quality. In light of these data, suggestions are made about what should be achieved for the sustainability of the retail cut flower sector.
Impediments to identifying freehold land rights in N.S.W.

[Abstract]: The objective of an efficient land administration is to clarify the extent, duration and purpose of land rights enjoyed over any given land resource. Achieving certainty in the definition and application of all Rights, Obligations and Restrictions (RORs) over a parcel of land is of utmost priority. It is the primary intention of this project to recognise any impediments that may hinder the efficient identification of all RORs that may exist over a parcel of freehold land in N.S. W. A comprehensive typology for the investigation of all RORs that can exist over freehold land was created and applied to a freehold parcel of land, with any impediments noted. Several impediments were identified being that extensive research is required prior to any search, that an exhaustive typology is required prior to any search, that the administration system is currently split amongst independent organisations with different methodologies and little cross communication, that difficulties were experienced with the public interface of several land administration organizations, that registrars limit their liability and therefore it cannot be assumed all relevant detail has been obtained, that unforeseeable interests may exist and that RORs are continuously evolving. The application of the created typology was found to be relatively efficient and inexpensive when tested on the subject case study. This has implications for land administration reform and may not require a complete overhaul as suggested by some authors. The assumption that the land administration system is inefficient and requires reform has been supported by the findings of this project.
Systemic post-translational control of bacterial metabolism 1 regulates adaptation in dynamic environments

Here, we studied >130 PTM sites in Escherichia coli to unravel how PTMs regulate cell metabolism and fitness in response to environmental changes, such as the glucose-acetate diauxie. Using a new metabolic modeling approach, we found a significant fraction of post-translationally modified enzymes are predicted to control shifts in pathway usage following evolutionarily-important environmental changes. Genetic screens using Multiplex Automated Genome Engineering confirmed that these PTMs impact cellular fitness, especially under dynamically 38 changing environments. Finally, mechanisms of how individual PTMs impact protein function were 39 detailed using molecular dynamics simulations and enzyme assays for enolase, transaldolase, and 40 serine hydroxymethyltransferase. Thus, by integrating whole-cell data and pathway modeling with 41 detailed biochemical analysis, we unraveled how individual PTMs regulate enzymes, pathways, and 42 phenotypes to adapt to sudden environmental changes. possibly by disrupting an “open” state formed by the salt-bridge with D305 246 and the D305-S37 interaction. These findings suggest that the certain PTMs act as precise, yet transient, mechano- chemical “switches” for tuning enzyme activity by impacting active site
The ‘Face’ of Indonesian Cosmetics: Investigating Language Choices in Local Brand Advertisement Boards and Consumers’ Preferences

: English has been extensively chosen by multinational companies for the purpose of advertising cosmetics in expanding circle countries. However, studies focusing on the language choices made by Indonesian local cosmetic companies for their advertisement boards and the consumers’ preferences regarding these choices are scanty. The goals of this study, thus, are double-layered. First, the choices of language in each element of the advertisement board copywriting-brand and product names, taglines, slogans, and product descriptions-were revea led. Second, the consumers’ preferences regarding language choices on each of these elements were explored. The language choices were revealed by scrutinizing 98 collected local cosmetic advertisement boards using the types of language choice by da Silva (2017). Preferences were gathered using a survey adapted from Hornikx et al. (2010) and da Silva (2014) and were explored using thematic analysis. The findings show that English dominated all elements of copywriting in the local cosmetic advertisement boards-in brand and product names, taglines, slogans, and descriptions. The study, however, pointed out the gap between the domination of English and consumers’ preferences. A significant number of people chose Bahasa Indonesia as the voice for these advertisements mainly in the aspect of slogans and brand names. The findings show that the choice of Bahasa Indonesia in brand names was more preferable as it projected the products’ national identity in the global market and consumers’ national pride. The same preference was also found in the product descriptions as most consumers deemed Bahasa Indonesia to promote better understandability. These findings suggest that Indonesian cosmetic companies’ language choice policy for product advertisements needs to be revisited.
CORRELATION OF THYROID STATUS WITH SEVERITY OF HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY

Background: Gestational hypertension (GH) is characterised by an increase in blood pressure (BP) that occurs at or after the 20th week of pregnancy, without the presence of proteinuria, in women who were previously normotensive. Hypertensive complications during pregnancy, which occur in approximately 10% to 17% of all pregnancies, are primarily attributed to this particular cause. Some of the complications that can arise from inadequate management include pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and mortality. Although gestational hypertension (GH) is a significant cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, the precise mechanisms responsible for its development have not been completely understood. The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between thyroid function and the severity of hypertension during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 100 hypertensive pregnant women, ranging in age from 18 to 40 years. The control group consisted of 100 pregnant women who were normotensive and matched in age to the study group. The determination of gestational age for each participant was made using the last menstrual period. The study included individuals who were diagnosed with hypertension after 20 weeks of gestation, specifically during the second and third trimesters. Result: Majority of women with pregnancy induced hypertension were having mild preeclampsia 63% followed by severe preeclampsia 23% and GHTN 14%. The prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism was found to be 13.04% among individuals diagnosed with severe preeclampsia, whereas no cases of clinical hypothyroidism were observed among those with gestational hypertension. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was found to be 47.83% in cases of severe preeclampsia and 19.05% in cases of gestational hypertension. Conclusion: The present study revealed a significant correlation between thyroid hypofunction and pregnancy induced hypertension.
CORRELATION BETWEEN SIX MINUTES WALK TEST AND SIT TO STAND TEST IN COPD PATIENTS

Background: Globally, COPD is one of the leading deaths. Over sixty-five million individuals are living with severe to moderate COPD. Materials and Methods: This Prospective observational study was conducted on 50 patients who presented to the department of TB and Respiratory Medicine from 2018 – 2019 at Saveetha medical college and hospital. After giving informed consent to explain the study's risk and benefit, COPD suspect patients will undergo a pulmonary function test (spirometry). Spirometry is done using a standard spirometer (flow-based spirometer). Result: Among 50 patients, 74% of the patients are males, and 26% of the patients are females. Most of the age group were 51-60 (30%) and the least in 30-40 (4%). In addition, 48% of the patients are smokers, 14% of the patients are Ex-smokers, 12% of the patients are Non-smokers, and 26% of the patients are affected by Bio-mass. The maximum number of patients was between a smoking index of 201-400, 11 (36%). A significant change in the Walk distance in 6 min, the STST in 30 sec and the Breath-holding test is observed (p<0.0001). A significant difference in the FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC between the pre and post in pulmonary function test was observed, with a p-value of 0.004, <0.0001, and 0.002. Conclusion: When evaluating patients' functional ability in an environment with limited resources, STST can be performed instead of
Hétérogénéités de déformation au cours du fluage transitoire de la glace polycristalline. Mesures par corrélation d'images numériques et modélisation

Une technique de correlation d’images numeriques (DIC) a ete adaptee a l’etuded’echantillons de glace polycristalline colonnaire, afin de caracteriser le developpementdes heterogeneites de deformation a une echelle intragranulaire au cours du fluage transitoireen compression. Ces heterogeneites sont dues a la grande anisotropie viscoplastiquedu cristal de glace (avec un seul plan de glissement facile pour les dislocations), qui estresponsable d’interactions fortes entre les grains voisins lorsque l’echantillon se deforme,et de la mise en place de fortes contraintes internes. L’orientation particuliere des plans deglissement et la structure colonnaire des echantillons, sans gradient de microstructure dansl’epaisseur, permet de considerer la deformation plastique essentiellement dans le plan.Les champs de deformation mesures en surface peuvent donc etre consideres en premiereapproximation comme representatifs de tout le volume de l’echantillon. Les orientationscristallographiques, et desorientations locales a l’echelle intragranulaire, ont egalement etemesurees avec un analyseur optique de texture, avant et apres deformation.De tres fortes localisations de la deformation sont mises en evidence par la DIC;les deformations equivalentes locales peuvent atteindre plus de dix fois la valeur macroscopique.La structure des motifs de localisation evolue peu durant le regime de fluagetransitoire et elle est caracterisee par des bandes de localisation qui traversent l’echantillonobliquement, sur des distances allant jusqu’a dix fois la taille des grains. La correlationentre le facteur de Schmid du plan de glissement d’un grain et sa deformation locale esttres faible : l’agencement local des grains et les interactions intergranulaires jouent doncun role primordial dans la distribution spatiale des deformations. A l’echelle du grain, lesfortes desorientations de reseau ont ete associees aux composantes locales du deplacement.On a montre en particulier que les distorsions sous forme de ”bandes en genou” (ou kinkbands) etaient correlees a un deplacement le long de l’axe c du grain, mesure par DIC.Les microstructures experimentales ont ete implementees dans un modele plein champFFT qui simule le comportement elasto-viscoplastique des polycristaux (code CraFT). Les champs de deformation simules presentent globalement les memes caracteristiquesque les champs experimentaux. En particulier, la majorite des zones de localisation dela deformation sont bien reproduites, spatialement et en intensite. Cependant, il n’a pasete possible de reproduire le comportement macroscopique des echantillons a la decharge.La deformation retardee effective est d’un ordre de grandeur inferieure a celle mesureeexperimentalement. Il est probable que cette limitation soit liee a l’e↵et du champ descontraintes internes, genere par la structure des champs de dislocations, et qui n’a pas etepris en compte dans la loi de comportement.
THE THOMAS ASHBY PHOTOGRAPHIC ARCHIVE: A PRIVATE ARCHIVE NOW IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN

The prints, negatives and albums in the British School at Rome's Thomas Ashby Photographic Archive are a rich assortment of materials created by Ashby and his colleagues, such as Agnes and Dora Bulwer. The archive was the natural and spontaneous product of Ashby's personal and working life and it was not until after his death that it was transferred into the public institutional domain. This article investigates the original intention of Ashby's archive, its transfer from a private to public context, and its subsequent evolution and reception. Building on the work of previous BSR staff and scholars, the article looks at Ashby's archive from a fresh perspective, emphasizing the need to consider the archive's original non-public authorial intent, its polyphonic elements, and the diachronic nature of its formation and reception from Ashby's time to the present. Given that images within photographic archives are now regularly viewed as digital objects, this is a timely discussion of the nature of private photographic archives that have been moved into the public domain. It is now more important than ever that archives like Ashby's are acknowledged as entities with detailed and complex histories, and that these histories are taken into account when viewing the individual photographs within the archive.
Gender Pay Gap in the Western Balkan Countries: evidence from Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia

This book sought to contribute to the understanding of gender wage disparities in three Western Balkan countries: Serbia, Macedonia and Montenegro. We use the most extensive data set available to analyse the gender pay gap in the Western Balkans, which covers seven waves of the Labour Force Survey (2008-2011) across the three countries. The simple difference in the average female vs. male wage, i.e. the so-called raw (unadjusted) wage gap, amounts to only 3.3%, 13.4% and 16.0% in Serbia, Macedonia and Montenegro respectively. The estimated gap is lower than the one observed on average in the EU of 16,2%. However, the two genders in all three countries differ significantly according to characteristics and skill levels of women and men who work, i.e. an average employed woman is not identical to an average employed man by level of education, work experience, occupation, industry sector, etc. When gender differences in labour market characteristics are taken into account, the gap widens in Serbia and Macedonia, to 11% and 17.9%, while it stays at the same level in Montenegro. Therefore, unlike the trends we observe in Western economies, where working women on average have worse educational attainment, work experience and job related characteristics than men, the differences in labour market characteristics between men and women cannot explain the gender wage gap in the Western Balkans. The book further explores the trends of gender pay gap during the years of economic crisis, differences in the gaps between the public and private sectors, as well as the gaps at different parts of the wage distribution.
Webometric network analysis : mapping cooperation and geopolitical connections between local government administration on the web

Webben ar en enorm kalla for information. Innehallet pa webbsidorna ar en synlig typ av information, men webben innehaller aven information av en annan typ, en mera gomd typ i form av sambanden och natverken som hyperlankarna skapar mellan webbsajterna och –sidorna som de kopplar ihop. Forskningsomradet webometri amnar, bland annat, att skapa ny kunskap ur denna gomda information som finns inbyggt i hyperlankarna samt att skapa forstaelse for hurudana fenomen och forhallanden utanfor webben kan finnas representerade i hyperlankarna. Malet med denna forskning var att oka forstaelse for anvandningen av hyperlankar pa webben och speciellt kommunernas anvandning av hyperlankar. Denna forskning undersokte hur kommunerna i Egentliga Finland skapade och mottog hyperlankar samt hurudana natverk formades av dessa hyperlankar. Forskningen kartlade natverk av direkta lankar mellan kommunerna och av samlankar till och fran kommunerna och undersokte ifall dessa natverk kunde anvandas for att undersoka geopolitiska forhallanden och samarbete mellan kommunerna i Egentliga Finland. De overgripande forskningsfragorna som har besvarats i denna forskning ar: 1) Fran ett webometriskt perspektiv, hur anvander kommunerna i Egentliga Finland webben? 2) Kan hyperlankar (direkta lankar och samlankar) anvandas for att kartlagga geopolitiska forhallanden och samarbete mellan kommuner? 3) Vilka ar de viktigaste motiveringarna for att skapa lankar mellan, till och fran kommunernas webbsajter? Denna forskning kom till ovanligt tydliga resultat for en webometrisk forskning, bade nar det galler upptackta geografiska faktorer som paverkar hyperlankningarna och de klassificerade motivationerna for att skapa lankarna. Resultaten visade att de direkta hyperlankarna mellan kommunerna kan anvandas for att kartlagga geopolitiska forhallanden och samarbete mellan kommunerna for att de direkta lankarna var motiverade av officiella orsaker och de var klart paverkade av distansen mellan kommunerna och av de ekonomiska regionerna. Samlankningarna in till kommunerna visade sig fungera som ett matt for geografisk likhet mellan kommunerna, medan samlankningarna ut fran kommunerna visade potential for att kunna anvandas till for att kartlagga kommunernas gemensamma intressen. Forskningen kontribuerade aven till utvecklandet av forskningsomradet webometri. En del av de viktigaste kontributionerna av denna forskning var utvecklandet av nya metoder for webometrisk forskning samt att oka kunskap om hur existerande metoder fran natverksanalys kan anvandas effektivt for webometrisk forskning. Resultaten fran denna forskning och de utvecklade metoderna kan anvandas for snabba kartlaggningar av diverse forhallanden mellan olika organisationer och foretag genom att anvanda information gratis tillgangligt pa webben.