Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An ‘exception culturelle’? French sensationist political economy and the shaping of public economics *

Abstract This paper examines some ideas developed in the field of public economics by French Sensationist political economists, from Turgot and Condorcet to the young Jean-Baptiste Say. An ideal-typical account of their position is based on the fact that issues raised by public expenditure and revenue are not dealt with independently. Instead, a strong link between the two sides of the budget is emphasized, an approach arising out of political considerations concerning human rights and equity. Following on from this they develop a theory of public expenditure based on public goods – national and local – and externalities, and a theory of taxation culminating in a justification of progressive taxation. The central section of the paper forms a kind of pivotal point in the analysis, showing how the above political and ethical requirements of the theory lead to the first estimation of the optimal amount of public expenditure and revenue – involving an equilibrium at the margin.
An application of the method of moments to volatility estimation using daily high, low, opening and closing prices

We use the expectation of the range of an arithmetic Brownian motion and the method of moments on the daily high, low, opening and closing prices to estimate the volatility of the stock price. The daily price jump at the opening is considered to be the result of the unobserved evolution of an after-hours virtual trading day.The annualized volatility is used to calculate Black-Scholes prices for European options, and a trading strategy is devised to profit when these prices differ flagrantly from the market prices.
Climate change mitigation and policy concern for prioritization

Purpose – Climate change impacts and scientific evidence are now irresistible based on time scales, consequences and perspectives. Civil society leaders and business people are now agreed on emission reduction targets to mitigate the effects of climate change but the question remains: how to make sure that durable, lasting, and real mitigation options are taking place? The purpose of this paper is to ask, does climate change mitigation option (via carbon tax) exert a greater improvement within the tradeoff between climate change and economic values? Design/methodology/approach – This study tries to lessen the gap between mitigation options and economic development activities using computable general equilibrium techniques focusing on alteration of carbon tax instruments.Findings – The findings indicate that much strong carbon tax policy compensates GDP compositions, places economic burden, shrinks enterprise savings and investment.Originality/value – This paper describes the most favorable policy option an.
Is Risk Factor Control and Guideline-Based Medical Therapy Optimal in Patients With Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease? A Veterans Affairs Study

Background:Aggressive risk factor modification using evidence-based secondary prevention strategies is recommended in coronary artery disease (CAD). Utilization of such strategies was compared in patients with nonobstructive CAD (NOCAD) and obstructive CAD (OCAD). Methods:Patients undergoing coronary angiography (excluding normal coronary angiograms), between January 2006 and June 2006, at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center were included. Demographic, clinical and treatment data were compared between the groups at baseline and 1 year. Results:Of the 354 patients who underwent coronary angiography, 222 (63%) had follow-up data available at 12 ± 2 months. The mean age in the NOCAD (n = 119) and OCAD (n = 103) groups was similar. There was a lower prevalence of hypertension and heart failure (P < 0.05) in the NOCAD group. Compared with the OCAD group, aspirin use was similar but statin use was lower in the NOCAD group (P = 0.008). At 1 year, statin use (P = 0001) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker use (P = 0.001) were significantly lower, whereas the use of aspirin was numerically lower (P = 0.06) in the NOCAD group. Mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were at goal (<100 mg/dL) in the NOCAD group at baseline and 1 year, whereas the same slightly worsened in the OCAD group at 1 year. Conclusions:The use of evidence-based medical therapy is lower in patients with NOCAD compared with those with OCAD. Improved awareness among health care providers and a unified effort to implement secondary prevention strategies may help correct such deficiencies.
Spatiotemporal analysis of ecological capacity of Li River Basin, China 1991–2013

Different ecological and environmental information can be revealed at different scales. This method reveals the temporal and spatial patterns of the ecological capacity of the Li River Basin (LRB) at three different scales including perpixel, county and regional levels over past 20 years. Although the total ecological capacity at regional level doesn't exhibit any sign of ecological deficit, the pixel-based results reveal that the ecological deficit concentrated in part of Guilin County, Xing'an County, Yangshuo County and the surroundings of Li River. The deficit had been expanding from these regions to their surroundings during the period of 1991 through 2013. The results offer detailed and unique information to assist with decisions and strategies associated with further regional development and ecological conservations.
Job Displacement, Relative Wage Changes, and Duration of Unemployment

Using special CPS data on displaced workers, this article investigates the wage consequences of job displacement in a framework that emphasizes the effects of past job duration(s) and unemployment duration(s) on postdisplacement wages. Our model also attempts to take account of the simultaneity between unemployment duration and the postdisplacement wage. It is found that duration strongly reduces subsequent earnings and that considerable overstatement of the loss in firm-specific training investments is implied by conventional routes to measuring wage losses.
Twitter: Social Communication in the Twitter Age

Twitter has become a household name, discussed both for its role in prominent national elections, natural disasters, and political movements, as well as for what some malign as narcissistic “chatter. ” This book takes a critical step back from popular discourse and media coverage of Twitter, to present the first balanced, scholarly engagement of this popular medium. In this timely and comprehensive introduction, Murthy not only discusses Twitter’s role in our political, economic, and social lives, but also draws a historical line between the telegraph and Twitter to reflect on changes in social communication over time. The book thoughtfully examines Twitter as an emergent global communications medium and provides a theoretical framework for students, scholars, and tweeters to reflect critically on the impact of Twitter and the contemporary media environment. The book uses case studies including citizen journalism, health, and national disasters to provide empirically rich insights and to help decipher some of the ways in which Twitter and social media more broadly may be shaping contemporary life.
A Further Investigation of Daily Price Limits

This paper examines the impact of price limits on stock returns and volatility traded on the Taiwan Stock Exchange. We show that under price limits the observed stock returns are serially correlated and conditionally heteroscedastic. The empirical results do not support the hypothesis that price limits have a cool-off effect on stock returns. In particular, unlike previous studies suggesting that price limits reduce stock return volatility, we found that the volatility following limit moves increases, suggesting that price limits may be useless. Key words: Price limits; Cool-off effect; Magnet effect; Volatility; Gibbs sampler; Bayesian analysis.
Self‐awareness of functional impairment in individuals at clinical high‐risk for psychosis

A major public health concern associated with schizophrenia is the long‐term disability that involves an inability to function independently in the community. An individual's self‐awareness of functional impairment may be a significant factor contributing to long‐term disability. In fact, subjective interpretation of one's illness impacts treatment participation and adherence, and is linked to poor outcomes. However, it remains unclear how illness‐related functional impairment is perceived by individuals prior to the onset of psychosis. This study aims to examine the relationship between clinician‐based and self‐report assessments of functioning, as well as the contribution of clinical symptoms to this relationship in individuals at clinical high‐risk for psychosis.
Intergenerational Transfers, Borrowing Constraints, and Saving Behavior: Evidence from the Housing Market

This paper examines the effects of intergenerational transfers on saving behavior by examining private wealth transfers targeted toward first-time home purchases. The study of transfer behavior in the housing market is advantageous for a number of reasons: the down payment requirement associated with home purchase can be thought of as an important, well-defined borrowing constraint that most U.S. households face; private wealth transfers targeted to home purchases are significant; and home equity is a highly important component of household wealth in the United States. The empirical analysis shows that transfer recipients have a saving rate that is lower than that of non-recipients by as much as 6 percentage points, representing a reduction of 39 to 49 percent in the household saving rate. In addition, households that receive transfers reduce the time required to save for the down payment by 22 percent. For each dollar of transfer received, households increase the dollar amount of the down payment by about 85 cents, allowing them to achieve a higher down payment threshold. Households also increase the value of the home purchased upon receiving a transfer, but by an amount that is much lower than would be possible if the transfer were fully leveraged. The amount of the transfer appears to be targeted to help households achieve certain down payment thresholds that give favorable terms on mortgages. Although the evidence suggests that the availability of a transfer reduces household savings, we cannot reject the alternative hypothesis that transfer recipients are inherently low savers.
Quantitative evaluation of image-based distortion correction in diffusion tensor imaging

A statistical method for the evaluation of image registration for a series of images based on the assessment of consistency properties of the registration results is proposed. Consistency is defined as the residual error of the composition of cyclic registrations. By combining the transformations of different algorithms the consistency error allows a quantitative comparison without the use of ground truth, specifically, it allows a determination as to whether the algorithms are compatible and hence provide comparable registrations. Consistency testing is applied to evaluate retrospective correction of eddy current-induced image distortion in diffusion tensor imaging of the brain. In the literature several image transformations and similarity measures have been proposed, generally showing a significant reduction of distortion in side-by-side comparison of parametric maps before and after registration. Transformations derived from imaging physics and a three-dimensional affine transformation as well as mutual information (MI) and local correlation (LC) similarity are compared to each other by means of consistency testing. The dedicated transformations could not demonstrate a significant difference for more than half of the series considered. LC similarity is well-suited for distortion correction providing more consistent registrations which are comparable to MI.
Proposal of a Phase-Shift Fiber Bragg Grating as an Optical Differentiator and an Optical Integrator Simultaneously

We show analytically and numerically that a practically realizable phase-shift fiber Bragg grating (PS-FBG) can function as a temporal first-order optical differentiator and a temporal first-order optical integrator at the same time. The PS-FBG working in reflection implements the differentiation and working in transmission implements the integration. We provide both the generalized conditions for a PS-FBG functioning as a first-order optical differentiator and a first-order optical integrator. The proposed PS-FBG can perform the time differential and integral of the complex envelope of an arbitrary input optical signal with high accuracy, respectively.
Miniaturized Triple-Band Bandpass Filter Using Coupled Lines and Grounded Stepped Impedance Resonators

A triple-band bandpass filter with good selectivity based on modified grounded stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) is presented. The fundamental and first higher order resonances of the two λ/4 grounded SIRs are utilized to obtain dual-band response. Moreover, bandwidths of the two passbands can be controlled by tuning the distance between the two grounded vias. Owing to the use of two λ/2 fork resonators, another passband can be realized without increasing additional feedlines, which can be designed independently while other passbands are not affected. Several transmission zeros (TZs) are generated on each side of the passbands to obtain good selectivity. The λ/4 SIRs are embedded inside of the λ/2 fork resonators to realize miniaturization. The measurement and simulation results show good agreement.
Class, Entrepreneurship and the Service Sector: Towards a Conceptual Clarification

Opportunities for entrepreneurship within modern economies are concentrated primarily within the service sector. On the basis of recent empirical research this paper develops a conceptual framework which differentiates entrepreneurs according to the relative mix of capital and labour utilised. Four sub-categories within the entrepreneurial middle class are identified and the implications for social mobility on the basis of capital accumulation are explored. In particular, attention is drawn to the significance of employment relationships as a factor which limits the growth of labour-intensive businesses. Despite its neglect within sociological theory the entrepreneurial middle class continues as a significant force within contemporary economies, and several areas for future research are suggested.
Janalyzer: A Static Analysis Tool for Java Bytecode

Static analysis attempts to discover program properties and answer questions about a program’s potential behavior without actually running the program. Example properties include things such as loop bounds, reachability and taint analysis. Even though there is a vast body of literature describing program various program analysis techniques and algorithms, implementing these algorithms can be challenging. Understanding how to make the techniques scale to real-world programs is an additional challenge. This technical report describes our work implementing several static analysis techniques on Java bytecode in a tool we call the Janalyzer. We describe the algorithms we used along with the trade-offs we made in terms of scalability and precision.
New Formula for Evaluating the Number of Unit Cell of a Finite Periodic Structure Considered as Infinite Periodic One

This paper presents a modeling and an analysis of one-dimensional periodic structure composed of a cascade connection of N cells considered as infinite. The ABCD matrix representations with the Floquet analysis have been used to derive the dispersion relation and input impedance of infinite periodic structure. The transmission matrix for the N identical cascaded cells has been successfully used to obtain an efficient and easy-to-use formula giving the necessary number of cells such that they can be considered infinite. As an illustrative example, the formula is applied and verified to finite size TL periodically loaded with obstacles. Scattering parameters and the input impedance of the structure are expressed and plotted.
How Do Individual UK Consumer Prices Behave?

This paper examines the behaviour of individual consumer prices in the United Kingdom, and uncovers a number of stylised facts about pricing behaviour. First, on average 19% of prices change each month, although this falls to 15% if sales are excluded. Second, the probability of price changes is not constant over time. Third, goods prices change more frequently than services prices. Fourth, the distribution of price changes is wide, although a significant number of changes are relatively small and close to zero. Fifth, prices that change more frequently tend to do so by less. We find that conventional pricing theories struggle to match these results, particularly the marked heterogeneity, which argues against the use of ‘representative agent’ models.
The evolution of e-banking: a study of Indian and Kenyan technology awareness

Banking through electronic channels has gained increasing popularity in recent years. This system, popularly known as 'e-banking', provides alternatives for faster delivery of banking services to a wide range of customers. This study aims to collect customers' opinions regarding the importance of e-banking and the adoption levels of various e-banking technologies in India and Kenya. The study also highlights the trends of e-banking indicators in India and Kenya. Further, it segregates the data collected into an Indian and a Kenyan customer basis, to identify differences in their attitudes towards the emergence of e-banking. The overall result indicates that customers in both countries have developed positive attitudes and they attach much importance to the emergence of e-banking.
The human cathepsin H gene encodes two novel minor histocompatibility antigen epitopes restricted by HLA‐A*3101 and ‐A*3303

Minor histocompatibility antigens (mHags) play crucial roles in the induction of graft versus host disease (GVHD) and/or graft versus leukaemia (GVL) effects following human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐identical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Using HLA‐A*3101‐ and ‐A*3303‐restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones generated from different post‐HSCT recipients, we identified two novel mHag epitopes encoded by the leader sequence of cathepsin H (CTSH) isoform a. The nonameric sequence ATLPLLCAR was defined as an HLA‐A*3101‐restricted epitope (CTSHR/A31), while a decameric peptide featuring a one N‐terminal amino acid extension, WATLPLLCAR, was presented by HLA‐A*3303 (CTSHR/A33). The immunogenicity of both epitopes was totally dependent on the polymorphic C‐terminal arginine residue and substitution with glycine completely abolished binding to the corresponding HLA molecules. Thus, the immunogenicity of this mHag is exerted by differential HLA binding capacity. CTSH is relatively ubiquitously expressed at protein levels, thus it may be involved in GVHD and anti‐leukaemic/tumour responses. Interestingly, however, CTL clones predominantly lysed targets of haematopoietic cell origin, which could not be explained in terms of the immunoproteasome system. Although the mechanisms involved in the differential susceptibility remain to be determined, these data suggest that CTSH‐encoded mHags could be targets for GVL effects.
Energy- and Traffic-Balance-Aware Mapping Algorithm for Network-on-Chip

In this paper, an energyand traffic-balance-aware mapping algorithm from IP cores to nodes in a network is proposed for application-specific Network-on-Chip(NoC). The multi-objective optimization model is set up by considering the NoC architecture, and addressed by the proposed mapping algorithm that decomposes mapping optimization into a number of scalar subproblems simultaneously. In order to show performance of the proposed algorithm, the application specific benchmark is applied in the simulation. The experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm has advantages in energy consumption and traffic balance over other algorithms. key words: Network on Chip, mapping algorithm, multi-objective optimization, energy consumption
The nexus of oil, conflict, and climate change vulnerability of pastoral communities in northwest Kenya

Abstract. Turkana, in northwest Kenya, is the country's poorest and least developed county. Pastoralism in Turkana is well adapted to the harsh climatic conditions, but an increase in drought frequency associated with global climate change and intensifying violent conflicts between pastoral groups poses significant challenges for local communities. The conflicts are especially violent in the border region between the Turkana and the Pokot communities. In this very region significant oil reserves have recently been found. The first aim of this paper is to analyse how the oil exploration affects the communities' vulnerability to climate change. Secondly, the paper explores the risk of the oil explorations creating new conflicts or aggravating existing ones. The primary method of the study is qualitative field research supplemented with a geo-spatial analysis of conflict data. The field research was conducted in October 2013 and April 2014 in three villages with different levels of engagement with the oil exploration. At the time of the research, oil exploration was expected close to Lokwamosing, while it had recently started in the vicinity of Lopii and had been ongoing for a longer time close to Nakukulas. The findings suggest that the oil exploration increases the community's vulnerability to climate change. Further, unmet community expectations for water, employment and development pose a significant risk for violent conflict between local communities and the operating oil company. Intercommunal conflict over water and land could increase as well.
Theileria parva antigens recognized by CD8+ T cells show varying degrees of diversity in buffalo-derived infected cell lines

Abstract The extent of sequence diversity among the genes encoding 10 antigens (Tp1–10) known to be recognized by CD8+ T lymphocytes from cattle immune to Theileria parva was analysed. The sequences were derived from parasites in 23 buffalo-derived cell lines, three cattle-derived isolates and one cloned cell line obtained from a buffalo-derived stabilate. The results revealed substantial variation among the antigens through sequence diversity. The greatest nucleotide and amino acid diversity were observed in Tp1, Tp2 and Tp9. Tp5 and Tp7 showed the least amount of allelic diversity, and Tp5, Tp6 and Tp7 had the lowest levels of protein diversity. Tp6 was the most conserved protein; only a single non-synonymous substitution was found in all obtained sequences. The ratio of non-synonymous: synonymous substitutions varied from 0.84 (Tp1) to 0.04 (Tp6). Apart from Tp2 and Tp9, we observed no variation in the other defined CD8+ T cell epitopes (Tp4, 5, 7 and 8), indicating that epitope variation is not a universal feature of T. parva antigens. In addition to providing markers that can be used to examine the diversity in T. parva populations, the results highlight the potential for using conserved antigens to develop vaccines that provide broad protection against T. parva.