Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Humor and Life Stress: Antidote to Adversity

1 Theoretical Approaches to the Study of the Sense of Humor. - Arousal Theories. - Incongruity Theories. - Superiority Theories. - Conclusion. - 2 Questionnaire Approaches to the Assessment of the Sense of Humor. - The Sense of Humor Questionnaire. - The Situational Humor Response Questionnaire. - The Coping Humor Scale. - Conclusion. - 3 Validational Studies of the Sense of Humor Questionnaires. - Validity Study 1. - Validity Study 2. - Validity Study 3. - Validity Study 4. - Validity Study 5. - General Discussion. - 4 Sense of Humor as a Moderator of Life Stress. - Life Stress. - Humor as a Stress Moderator. - Study 1. - Study 2. - Study 3. - Conclusions. - 5 Experimental Studies of Humor in a Stressful Laboratory Situation. - Study 1. - Study 2. - General Discussion. - 6 Humor and the Sense of Mastery. - Study 1. - Study 2. - Study 3. - Additional Observations. - Conclusions. - 7 Sense of Humor and the Coping Process in Marriage. - Method and Procedure. - Results. - Discussion. - 8 Sense of Humor and Coping With Physical Disability. - Method and Procedure. - Results. - Discussion. - 9 An Overview. - References. - Author Index.
Body Fat Mass Assessment: A Comparison between an Ultrasound-Based Device and a Discovery A Model of DXA

Objective. To examine measurement of body composition by ultrasound compared with a reference technique:dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We evaluated the accuracy of a portable ultrasound-based device in estimating total body fat mass with those assessed by DXA in adult. Methods. Body fat mass has been estimated using a portable ultrasound-based device in comparison with a contemporary reference DXA apparatus: the Hologic Discovery A. Anthropometric data has been assessed in order to maximize the output of the software associated with the ultrasound-based device. A cross-validation between ultrasound technique (US) and DXA was developed in this study. Total body fat mass estimated by ultrasound was compared with this DXA model in a sample of 83 women and 41 men. Results. Ultrasound technique (US) of body fat (BF) was better correlated with DXA in both women (r 2 = 0.97, P < 0.01) and men (r 2 = 0.92, P < 0.01) with standard errors of estimates (SEE) being 2.1 kg and 2.2 kg, respectively. Conclusion. The use of a portable device based on a US produced a very accurate BF estimate in relation to DXA reference technique. As DXA absorptiometry techniques are not interchangeable, the use of our ultrasound-based device needs to be recalibrated on a more contemporary DXA.
INVESTIGACIÓN EMPÍRICA SOBRE EL ESTILO PERSONAL DEL TERAPEUTA: UNA ACTUALIZACIÓN

El presente trabajo es una actualizacion de la investigacion empirica sobre el Estilo Personal del Terapeuta. Se describe el constructo y un instrumento para su evaluacion: el EPT-C. Los estudios considerados son de cinco tipos: la utilizacion del EPT-C como variable moderadora de los resultados de la psicoterapia, diferencias en el EPT entre terapeutas que trabajan con distintas poblaciones clinicas, diferencias entre terapeutas que poseen diferentes grados de experiencia y que adscriben a diferentes orientaciones teorico-tecnicas y datos sobre la estabilidad del estilo a traves del tiempo. En quinto lugar se describe un proyecto actualmente en curso y, por ultimo, los distintos grupos de investigacion que lo estan aplicando. En las conclusiones se hace una evaluacion de esta informacion.
Some Relationships between Skills in Word-Category Recall and Factors in Adults' Aphasia

It has long been recognized that a basic dimension to the lexical organization of the brain is semantic, and some brain mapping studies have indicated that the brain fields are distinctly different from some grammatical classes. Findings from the present investigation showed consistent relationships between 29 aphasic adults' performances on tasks involving graphic and gestural skills and those involving sequential recall of spoken words from different word categories. Each adult received the Porch Index of Communication Abilities which relies upon the physical manipulation of objects to assess verbal, gestural, and graphic abilities. Scores on a test requiring recall of word strings of nouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, or prepositions were used to predict the subscale scores from the Graphic and Gestural factors of the index. Recall scores for verb and preposition were predictive of the aphasic subjects' performances on the Graphic subscale, and noun and preposition scores were predictors of subjects' scores on the Gestural subscale. The results are related to other research showing that verb and preposition skills are predictive of fine motor abilities of children with communication disorders and brain-mapping studies. Some discussion centers on possible overlapping functions of brain activity involving word categories, language, and fine motor skills.
An Interaction between the Nucleocapsid Protein and a Component of the Replicase-Transcriptase Complex Is Crucial for the Infectivity of Coronavirus Genomic RNA

ABSTRACT The coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein plays an essential role in virion assembly via interactions with the large, positive-strand RNA viral genome and the carboxy-terminal endodomain of the membrane protein (M). To learn about the functions of N protein domains in the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), we replaced the MHV N gene with its counterpart from the closely related bovine coronavirus (BCoV). The resulting viral mutant was severely defective, even though individual domains of the N protein responsible for N-RNA, N-M, or N-N interactions were completely interchangeable between BCoV and MHV. The lesion in the BCoV N substitution mutant could be compensated for by reverting mutations in the central, serine- and arginine-rich (SR) domain of the N protein. Surprisingly, a second class of reverting mutations were mapped to the amino terminus of a replicase subunit, nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3). A similarly defective MHV N mutant bearing an insertion of the SR region from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus N protein was rescued by the same two classes of reverting mutations. Our genetic results were corroborated by the demonstration that the expressed amino-terminal segment of nsp3 bound selectively to N protein from infected cells, and this interaction was RNA independent. Moreover, we found a direct correlation between the N-nsp3 interaction and the ability of N protein to stimulate the infectivity of transfected MHV genomic RNA (gRNA). Our results suggest a role for this previously unknown N-nsp3 interaction in the localization of genomic RNA to the replicase complex at an early stage of infection.
Primary Care Physicians’ Assessments of Older Patients’ Health and Psychological Status and Recommendation of Mammography

Background: Recommendation of mammography may be particularly important for older women; nevertheless, physicians are less likely to recommend mammography to older women. Our objective was to examine the characteristics of older patients for whom primary care physicians recommend mammography. Methods: Two hundred sixteen women aged 65 to 80 years were screened for depressive symptoms in primary care offices and invited to participate. They then completed a baseline in-home assessment between 2001 and 2003. At the time of the baseline in-home assessment, mammogram use and psychological status were assessed with commonly used and validated standard questionnaires. At the time of the index visit, physicians were asked to provide assessments of the patients. Results: Patient-reported physician recommendation of mammography was more likely among patients the physicians rated as anxious than among patients the physicians rated as not being anxious (unadjusted odds ratio, 2.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–3.94). In multivariate models that controlled for physician ratings of knowledge of the patient, the association between physician rating of anxiety with patient-reported physician recommendation of mammography remained significant. Patient-reported physician recommendation of mammography was not significantly more likely among patients the physicians rated as depressed than among patients the physicians rated as not being depressed (unadjusted odds ratio, 1.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.86–2.85). Conclusions: Identification of anxiety may influence the recommendation of mammography among primary care physicians. An understanding of factors that influence the recommendation of mammography by primary care physicians may have important implications for interventions to improve rates of mammography use among older women.
Assessment of Functioning and Disability After Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— Functioning and disability after ischemic stroke are clinically meaningful and of major relevance to patients. Despite many instruments available to assess these outcomes, little is known about their interrelation and predictive factors. Methods— We prospectively identified 4264 patients with acute ischemic stroke from 30 hospitals in Germany during a 1-year period between 1998 and 1999 and registered them in a common data bank. The patients were centrally followed up via telephone interview after 100 days and 1 year to assess various scales such as the Barthel Index (BI), modified Rankin Scale (MRS), extended Barthel Index (EBI), Short Form-36 Physical Functioning (SF-36 PF), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression short form (CES-D). Results— Outcome status could be assessed in 67.2% of patients 100 days after hospital admission. Of these, 13.9% had died, 53.7% had regained functional independence (BI <95), 46.3% had no or mild residual symptoms (MRS ≤1), and 44.6% had no higher cognitive deficits on the EBI. Of the patients who personally answered the follow-up questions, 67% had no major physical disability (SF-36 PF <60), and 32.9% reported symptoms classified as depression (CES-D ≥10). The high percentage of patients reaching the maximum score (ceiling effect) in the BI was less pronounced in the MRS and SF-36 PF. The predictive factors for dichotomized outcomes on each scale were similar for adverse functioning and disability but varied considerably for depression. Conclusions— To avoid ceiling effects in outcome distribution of patients treated in specialized stroke centers, the MRS and SF-36 PF instruments are preferable to the BI. Parametric use of the SF-36 PF could further improve outcome measurement by considering individual treatment effects.
Ability of enriched immune T cells to confer resistance in hamsters to infection with Treponema pertenue

This investigation presents the first direct evidence that T cells are involved in resistance to challenge with Treponema pertenue. Enriched T cells from immune hamsters were obtained by sequential filtration through glass and nylon-wool columns. This procedure removed the majority of functional antibody-producing and immunoglobulin-bearing cells. The fractionated cell suspensions were less responsive to stimulation by phytohemagglutinin, lipopolysaccharide, and dextran sulfate, but they were enriched with antithymocyte-sensitive cells and were more responsive to stimulation with concanavalin A. Hamsters receiving fractionated or unfractionated immune cells had no cutaneous lesions 21 days after infection and had significantly lower lymph node weights and fewer treponemes per node than hamsters that received fractionated or unfractionated normal cells. Resistance was transferred with immune cell suspension enriched in T cells despite an absence of anamnestic antibody response to specific treponemal antigens.
Risks for impaired cerebral autoregulation during cardiopulmonary bypass and postoperative stroke.

BACKGROUND Impaired cerebral autoregulation may predispose patients to cerebral hypoperfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for impaired autoregulation during coronary artery bypass graft, valve surgery with CPB, or both and to evaluate whether near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) autoregulation monitoring could be used to identify this condition. METHODS Two hundred and thirty-four patients were monitored with transcranial Doppler and NIRS. A continuous, moving Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) velocity, and between MAP and NIRS data, to generate the mean velocity index (Mx) and cerebral oximetry index (COx), respectively. Functional autoregulation is indicated by an Mx and COx that approach zero (no correlation between CBF and MAP); impaired autoregulation is indicated by an Mx and COx approaching 1. Impaired autoregulation was defined as an Mx ≥0.40 at all MAPs during CPB. RESULTS Twenty per cent of patients demonstrated impaired autoregulation during CPB. Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, time-averaged COx during CPB, male gender, Pa(CO(2)), CBF velocity, and preoperative aspirin use were independently associated with impaired CBF autoregulation. Perioperative stroke occurred in six of 47 (12.8%) patients with impaired autoregulation compared with five of 187 (2.7%) patients with preserved autoregulation (P=0.011). CONCLUSIONS Impaired CBF autoregulation occurs in 20% of patients during CPB. Patients with impaired autoregulation are more likely than those with functional autoregulation to have perioperative stroke. Non-invasive monitoring autoregulation may provide an accurate means to predict impaired autoregulation. Clinical trials registration. www.clinicaltrials. gov (NCT00769691).
Process of inducing pores in membranes by melittin

Melittin is a prototype of the ubiquitous antimicrobial peptides that induce pores in membranes. It is commonly used as a molecular device for membrane permeabilization. Even at concentrations in the nanomolar range, melittin can induce transient pores that allow transmembrane conduction of atomic ions but not leakage of glucose or larger molecules. At micromolar concentrations, melittin induces stable pores allowing transmembrane leakage of molecules up to tens of kilodaltons, corresponding to its antimicrobial activities. Despite extensive studies, aspects of the molecular mechanism for pore formation remain unclear. To clarify the mechanism, one must know the states of the melittin-bound membrane before and after the process. By correlating experiments using giant unilamellar vesicles with those of peptide-lipid multilayers, we found that melittin bound on the vesicle translocated and redistributed to both sides of the membrane before the formation of stable pores. Furthermore, stable pores are formed only above a critical peptide-to-lipid ratio. The initial states for transient and stable pores are different, which implies different mechanisms at low and high peptide concentrations. To determine the lipidic structure of the pore, the pores in peptide–lipid multilayers were induced to form a lattice and examined by anomalous X-ray diffraction. The electron density distribution of lipid labels shows that the pore is formed by merging of two interfaces through a hole. The molecular property of melittin is such that it adsorbs strongly to the bilayer interface. Pore formation can be viewed as the bilayer adopting a lipid configuration to accommodate its excessive interfacial area.
Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit 1 Sequence Variation in Prostate Cancer

Purpose. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been described in every adult neoplasm including prostate cancer. There are marked racial differences in mutations within the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene in individuals with prostate cancer (PCa). The purpose of this study was to identify the variation in COI gene sequence in African and Caucasian Americans with prostate cancer. Methods. We sequenced the COI gene from peripheral blood in 482 prostate cancer patients and 189 controls. All bases that differed from the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS) were classified as either silent or missense and the compiled alterations were then compared between races and published reports. Results and Conclusions. We found inherited mtDNA COI missense variants in 8.8% of Caucasian prostate cancer patients (vs. 0.0% controls) and 72.8% of African-American prostate cancer patients (vs. 64.3% controls) A total of 144 COI variants were identified, of which 30 were missense mutations. Of 482 PCa patients, 116 (24.1%) had one or more missense mutations. Further evaluation of this gene and these mutations may allow for the identification of genetically at-risk populations. The high rate of COI mutations in African-Americans may account for some of the racial disparity observed in prostate cancer.
Nonlinear Supply Contracts, Exclusive Dealing, and Equilibrium Market Foreclosure

We examine how the feasibility of both nonlinear pricing and exclusive dealing arrangements affect incentives for market foreclosure when two manufacturers contract with a retail monopolist. Surprisingly, we find that although market foreclosure equilibria exist, they are Pareto-dominated (from each manufacturer's perspective) by all nonforeclosure equilibria. If one believes that Pareto-dominated equilibria are unlikely to arise, then the difference between our results and those of Mathewson and Winter (1987), who do not allow for nonlinear pricing, suggests an ironic twist on the notion that quantity discounts and other kinds of nonlinear pricing can provide an additional way for a manufacturer to foreclose a rival. By providing a manufacturer with increased flexibility (beyond linear pricing) to extract a retailer's surplus, nonlinear pricing may instead have the effect of reducing the incidence of observed market foreclosure. Copyright (c) 1997 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
The Role of Experience in Software Testing Practice

Practitioners report that experience plays an important role in effective software testing. We investigate the role of experience in a multiple case study about three successful projects conducted at Siemens Austria and document the state of practice in testing software systems. The studied projects were employed from the domains telecommunications, insurance and banking, as well as safety-critical railway systems. The study shows that test design is to a considerable extent based on experience in all three projects and that experience-based testing is an important supplementary approach to requirements-based testing. The study further analyzes the different sources of experience, the perceived value of experience for testing, and the measures taken to manage and evolve this experience.
Location-based matching in publish/subscribe revisited

Event processing is gaining rising interest in industry and in academia. The common application pattern is that event processing agents publish events while other agents subscribe to events of interest. Extensive research has been devoted to developing efficient and scalable algorithms to match events with subscribers' interests. The predominant abstraction used in this context is the content-based publish/subscribe (pub/sub) paradigm for modeling an event processing application. Applications that have been referenced in this space include emerging applications in co-spaces that rely on location-based information [1, 7], algorithmic trading and (financial) data dissemination [13], and intrusion detection system [4]. In this work, we focus primarily on the role of state-of-the-art matching algorithms in location-based pub/sub applications.
Life at high salt concentrations, intracellular KCl concentrations, and acidic proteomes

Extremely halophilic microorganisms that accumulate KCl for osmotic balance (the Halobacteriaceae, Salinibacter) have a large excess of acidic amino acids in their proteins. This minireview explores the occurrence of acidic proteomes in halophiles of different physiology and phylogenetic affiliation. For fermentative bacteria of the order Halanaerobiales, known to accumulate KCl, an acidic proteome was predicted. However, this is not confirmed by genome analysis. The reported excess of acidic amino acids is due to a high content of Gln and Asn, which yield Glu and Asp upon acid hydrolysis. The closely related Halorhodospira halophila and Halorhodospira halochloris use different strategies to cope with high salt. The first has an acidic proteome and accumulates high KCl concentrations at high salt concentrations; the second does not accumulate KCl and lacks an acidic proteome. Acidic proteomes can be predicted from the genomes of some moderately halophilic aerobes that accumulate organic osmotic solutes (Halomonas elongata, Chromohalobacter salexigens) and some marine bacteria. Based on the information on cultured species it is possible to understand the pI profiles predicted from metagenomic data from hypersaline environments.
On the Size and the Approximability of Minimum Temporally Connected Subgraphs

We consider temporal graphs with discrete time labels and investigate the size and the approximability of minimum temporally connected spanning subgraphs. We present a family of minimally connected temporal graphs with $n$ vertices and $\Omega(n^2)$ edges, thus resolving an open question of (Kempe, Kleinberg, Kumar, JCSS 64, 2002) about the existence of sparse temporal connectivity certificates. Next, we consider the problem of computing a minimum weight subset of temporal edges that preserve connectivity of a given temporal graph either from a given vertex r (r-MTC problem) or among all vertex pairs (MTC problem). We show that the approximability of r-MTC is closely related to the approximability of Directed Steiner Tree and that r-MTC can be solved in polynomial time if the underlying graph has bounded treewidth. We also show that the best approximation ratio for MTC is at least $O(2^{\log^{1-\epsilon} n})$ and at most $O(\min\{n^{1+\epsilon}, (\Delta M)^{2/3+\epsilon}\})$, for any constant $\epsilon > 0$, where $M$ is the number of temporal edges and $\Delta$ is the maximum degree of the underlying graph. Furthermore, we prove that the unweighted version of MTC is APX-hard and that MTC is efficiently solvable in trees and $2$-approximable in cycles.
Toward Bio-Inspired Tactile Sensing Capsule Endoscopy for Detection of Submucosal Tumors

Here, we present a method for lump characterization using a bio-inspired remote tactile sensing capsule endoscopy system. While current capsule endoscopy utilizes cameras to diagnose lesions on the surface of the gastrointestinal tract lumen, this proposal uses remote palpation to stimulate a bio-inspired tactile sensing surface that deforms under the impression of both hard and soft raised objects. Current capsule endoscopy utilizes cameras to visually diagnose lesions on the surface of the gastrointestinal tract. Our approach introduces remote palpation by deploying a bio-inspired tactile sensor that deforms when pressed against soft or hard lumps. This can enhance visual inspection of lesions and provide more information about the structure of the lesions. Using classifier systems, we have shown that lumps of different sizes, shapes, and hardnesses can be distinguished in a synthetic test environment. This is a promising early start toward achieving a remote palpation system used inside the GI tract that will utilize the clinician’s sense of touch.
Multilayer Microscopic Image Mosaicing Based on 3D Grid Graph

This paper presents a novel framework based on three-dimensional (3D) grid graph for automatic mosaic construction of multilayer microscopic images. Firstly the multilayer structure is divided into several slices, and two-dimensional (2D) scanning manner is adopted to sample each slice of the preparation under microscope. Secondly, the overlapping images of same slice are aligned with direct methods, and overlapping images of adjacent slices are aligned with feature-based methods. Thirdly, we use 3D grid graph to represent the neighborhood relations of the microscopic images. Finally, a global image alignment model based on 3D grid graph is proposed to eliminate error accumulation, thus, to get an accurate 3D representation of the multilayer structure