Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytical solutions for quantum radiation reaction in high-intensity lasers

While the Landau-Lifshitz equation, which describes classical radiation reaction, can be solved exactly and analytically for a charged particle accelerated by a plane electromagnetic wave, no such solutions are available for quantum radiation reaction (the recoil arising from the successive, incoherent emission of hard photons). Yet upcoming experiments with ultrarelativistic electron beams and high-intensity lasers will explore the regime where both radiation-reaction and quantum effects are important. Here we present analytical solutions for the mean and variance of the energy distribution of an electron beam that collides with a pulsed plane electromagnetic wave, which are obtained by means of a perturbative expansion in the quantum parameter $\chi_0$. These solutions capture both the quantum reduction in the radiated power and stochastic broadening, and are shown to be accurate across the range of experimentally relevant collision parameters, i.e. GeV-class electron beams and laser amplitudes $a_0 \lesssim 200$.
Holistic Quantified-Self: An Integrated User Model for AR Glass Users

We propose the Holistic Quantified-Self (HQS), a sensor-driven user model for AR glass users. Existing research on context-aware AR interfaces typically relies on singular context attributes, resulting in an incomplete representation of user states. To address this gap, we propose an integrated user model for AR glass users, encompassing physical condition, cognitive-emotional status, social circumstances, and digital consumption behavior. Our system collects data from various devices, enabling simultaneous prediction of user states and tasks within the AR environment. We envision that this approach paves the way for future adaptive AR interfaces that can dynamically adjust virtual content based on the recognized user states and tasks.
Elevating understanding: Linking high-altitude hypoxia to brain aging through EEG functional connectivity and spectral analyses

Abstract High-altitude hypoxia triggers brain function changes reminiscent of those in healthy aging and Alzheimer’s disease, compromising cognition and executive functions. Our study sought to validate high-altitude hypoxia as a model for assessing brain activity disruptions akin to aging. We collected EEG data from 16 healthy volunteers during acute high-altitude hypoxia (at 4,000 masl) and at sea level, focusing on relative changes in power and aperiodic slope of the EEG spectrum due to hypoxia. Additionally, we examined functional connectivity using wPLI, and functional segregation and integration using graph theory tools. High altitude led to slower brain oscillations, that is, increased δ and reduced α power, and flattened the 1/f aperiodic slope, indicating higher electrophysiological noise, akin to healthy aging. Notably, functional integration strengthened in the θ band, exhibiting unique topographical patterns at the subnetwork level, including increased frontocentral and reduced occipitoparietal integration. Moreover, we discovered significant correlations between subjects’ age, 1/f slope, θ band integration, and observed robust effects of hypoxia after adjusting for age. Our findings shed light on how reduced oxygen levels at high altitudes influence brain activity patterns resembling those in neurodegenerative disorders and aging, making high-altitude hypoxia a promising model for comprehending the brain in health and disease.
Single‐particle analysis of circulating bacterial extracellular vesicles reveals their biogenesis, changes in blood and links to intestinal barrier

Abstract Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are nano‐size particles secreted by bacteria that carry various bioactive components. These vesicles are thought to provide a new window into the mechanisms by which bacteria affect their hosts, but their fundamental proprieties within human remain poorly understood. Here, we developed a single‐vesicle analytical platform that enabled BEV detection in complex biological samples of host. Using this platform, we found the presence of BEVs in the host circulation and they were mainly derived from gut microbes. We showed that the levels of circulating BEVs in humans significantly increased with aging due to an age‐related increase in intestinal permeability. Significantly different levels of BEVs in blood were also found in patients with colorectal cancer and colitis. Together, our study provides new insights into circulating BEV biology and reveals their potential as a new class of biomarkers.
X-MAPE: Extending 6G-Connected Self-Adaptive Systems with Reflexive Actions

Future connected applications require distributed processing on different layers in the network to orchestrate and optimize their behavior. This necessitates a change in the processing architecture, especially regarding the ability to self-adapt to changing circumstances, such as environmental changes or fault scenarios. Self-adaptivity in computing systems was previously often achieved with the MAPE-K concept. However, in real-time and low-latency environments with a distributed, hierarchical processing architecture, the reaction time of the MAPE-K cycle can be limited by its complexity. In this paper, we propose a possible solution to a quicker reaction by introducing X-MAPE: extending self-adaptivity with predefined, configurable, reflexive actions. In essence, X-MAPE aims to construct a low-latency path between monitoring the system and executing actions to influence it, to reflexively react to a changing system state and improving the system's behavior until a more optimal decision can be made in a less time-critical manner. We present possible realizations of this principle on different layers and components of future 6G networks, providing a vision and framework for adaptive computing systems with reflexive reactions.
Penerapan Metode ARIMA Dalam Peramalan Harga Produksi Karet di Provinsi Riau

Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari BPS Indonesia, diketahui harga produsen karet di Provinsi Riau tiga tahun terakhir ini mengalami fluktuasi, sehingga hal ini dapat mempengaruhi perekonomian. Untuk mengantisipasi kondisi tersebut, maka prediksi harga produsen karet dimasa yang akan datang diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meramalkan harga produsen karet di Provinsi Riau tahun 2023 dengan menggunakan metode ARIMA. Metode ARIMA terbukti sebagai metode peramalan yang sesuai untuk melakukan peramalan jangka pendek yang mengabaikan independen variabel dengan menggunakan data time series secara akurat. Dengan model terbaik yakni ARIMA (1,1,2) didapatkan hasil ramalan menunjukkan harga produsen karet di Provinsi Riau selama tahun 2023 adalah mencapai angka 7454,025 (Rp/Kg) dan akan terus naik secara konstan hingga 7541,329 (Rp/Kg) artinya akan stabil dengan rata rata sebelumnya.
Moderating Role of Age in the Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment among Employees of a Special Mission Organization in Rwanda

The study assessed the role of age in the relationship between employees’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment among employees of a special mission organization in Rwanda. A cross-sectional survey design (N = 119) was used. The Hayes’ process macro v.3. 5 (Model 1) was chosen over the ordinary least square techniques to run the moderation analysis. Job satisfaction was found to have a significant and positive effect on continuance and normative commitment, but a had significant negative effect on affective commitment. Age significantly positively affected overall organizational commitment, continuance and normative commitment. Age further significantly moderated the relationship between job satisfaction and overall organizational commitment, continuance and normative commitment but not affective commitment. The relationships were significant and positive for the younger employees but positive and insignificant for the older employees. The results implied that for the organization to enhance employees’ commitment overall, the management should adopt measures that enhance job satisfaction among younger employees.
INDICES OF STOCK STATUS FROM THE CANADIAN BLUEFIN TUNA FISHERY

Updated standardized relative abundance indices are presented for Canadian bluefin tuna fisheries in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (1981-2009) and off southwest Nova Scotia (1988-2009) based on data from commercial log records. Methods used were as in the 2008 bluefin tuna stock assessment. A step-wise regression was used to determine the most appropriate delta lognormal-binomial model specifications for standardizing both CPUE series. CPUEs in the Gulf of St. Lawrence have increased slightly from 1997 to 2003, rapidly increased in 2004 and remained high. Catch rates in 2009 were exceptionally high. The southwest Nova Scotia series has had a fairly stable trend through the midto late 1990s, and have been increasing since 2004. The spatial distribution of the Canadian fisheries has not changed significantly, but there were once again anecdotal reports of tuna occurring in areas where they have not been observed in many years (for example, the Baie des Chaleurs in the western Gulf of St. Lawrence). The median weights of the catch in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence and Southwest Nova Scotia declined in 2009, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence catch consisted of several smaller fish, an observation which has not been seen since 2000. After a steady decline in the late 1990s through 2005, condition (Fulton’s K) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence bluefin tuna increased in 2006 and has varied slightly though 2007, 2008 and 2009.
SELF-EFFICACY IN PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS: A STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW OF RESEARCH AND IMPLICATIONS

Research on self-efficacy in parents who have children with special needs appears fragmented and relatively scarce. The purpose of the research was to analyze (1) how the self-efficacy of parents who have children with special needs has been researched in 2000-2020 and (2) what implications the research provides to support parents’ self-efficacy. This was a state-of-the-art review in which a total of 23 articles were selected (n=10 from EBSCO and n=13 from ScienceDirect). The data were analyzed with the method of qualitative content analysis. For the research question 1, three upper categories were formed: Self-efficacy from the perspective of the parent’s well-being; Self-efficacy in relation to the child; and Self-efficacy in relation to the support offered to parents. For the research question 2, all articles (n=21) that included any implications were used for answering this question. Implications were categorized into Social support and services; Support for parents’ well-being; and Knowledge and skills offered to parents. Based on the analysis more research is needed about the connection between perceived well-being and self-efficacy from the parents’ own perspective. Cognitive-behavioral therapeutic interventions would be beneficial for parents who find their child’s behavior challenging. They also need continuous access to behavioral therapeutic methods. Article visualizations:
Millimeter-Level Pick and Peg-in-Hole Task Achieved by Aerial Manipulator

Achieving accurate control performance of the end-effector is critical for practical applications of aerial manipulator. However, due to the presence of floating-base disturbance from the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform and the kinematic error amplification effect from multilink structure of the manipulator, it is extremely challenging to ensure the high-precision performance of aerial manipulator. Building upon the philosophy of disturbance rejection, we propose a predictive optimization scheme that allows aerial manipulator to successfully execute millimeter-level flying pick and peg-in-hole task. First, the error amplification effect of the floating base is quantitatively analyzed by virtue of the aerial manipulator kinematics. Intuitively, it is found that if the further motion of the UAV platform is well predicted, the manipulator can directly counteract the floating disturbance by following a modified reference trajectory. Hence, a learning-based prediction approach is leveraged to rapidly forecast the UAV platform motion online. Subsequently, an optimization controller is formulated to follow the reference trajectory by incorporating multiple practical constraints of aerial manipulator. Flight tests demonstrate that this study goes a step further to achieve higher accuracy of the end-effector than the existing results (centimeter-level).
Equilibrium of Crenulated Bays in Thailand

The C coefficients in the now well-known parabolic bay shape equation (PBSE) are the most important parameters for verifying the bay beach stability or designing a headland bay beach in static equilibrium. These coefficients are revised specifically for bays in static and dynamic conditions in Thailand. Three techniques, namely Least Square (LS), Genetic Algorithms (GA), and Differential Evolution (DE) are used to determine the alternative coefficients. The newly derived C coefficients for static equilibrium bays (SEB) differ slightly from the original coefficients. Dynamic equilibrium bays (DEBs) with sediment within the embayment are analyzed to obtain a new set of C coefficients, which are a function not only of wave obliquity but also sediment supply ratio (SSR), which is a new parameter representing the ratio between the rate of sediment supplied from a river source to the bay and the longshore sediment transport rate. The resulting new C coefficients for DEBs vary uniformly and systematically, similar to those for the SEBs, and are expected to be applicable to DEBs elsewhere for coastal management.
Scale-invariant magnetic anisotropy in $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$: A quantum Monte Carlo study

We compute the rotational anisotropy of the free energy of $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ in an external magnetic field. This quantity, known as the magnetotropic susceptibility, $k$, relates to the second derivative of the free energy with respect to the angle of rotation. We have used approximation-free, auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo simulations for a realistic model of $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ and optimized the path integral to alleviate the negative sign problem. This allows us to reach temperatures down to $30~\rm{K}$ -- an energy scale below the dominant Kitaev coupling. We demonstrate that the magnetotropic susceptibility in this model of $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ displays unique scaling, $k = Tf(B/T)$, with distinct scaling functions $f$ at high and low temperatures. In comparison, for the XXZ Heisenberg model, the scaling $k = Tf(B/T)$ breaks down at a temperature scale where the uniform spin susceptibility deviates from the Curie law (i.e. at the energy scale of the exchange interactions) and never recovers at low temperatures. Our findings suggest that correlations in $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ lead to degrees of freedom that respond isotropically to a magnetic field. One possible interpretation for the apparent scale-invariance observed in experiments could be fractionalization of the spin degrees of freedom in the extended Kitaev model.
MCAIMem: a Mixed SRAM and eDRAM Cell for Area and Energy-efficient on-chip AI Memory

AI chips commonly employ SRAM memory as buffers for their reliability and speed, which contribute to high performance. However, SRAM is expensive and demands significant area and energy consumption. Previous studies have explored replacing SRAM with emerging technologies like non-volatile memory, which offers fast-read memory access and a small cell area. Despite these advantages, non-volatile memory's slow write memory access and high write energy consumption prevent it from surpassing SRAM performance in AI applications with extensive memory access requirements. Some research has also investigated eDRAM as an area-efficient on-chip memory with similar access times as SRAM. Still, refresh power remains a concern, leaving the trade-off between performance, area, and power consumption unresolved. To address this issue, our paper presents a novel mixed CMOS cell memory design that balances performance, area, and energy efficiency for AI memory by combining SRAM and eDRAM cells. We consider the proportion ratio of one SRAM and seven eDRAM cells in the memory to achieve area reduction using mixed CMOS cell memory. Additionally, we capitalize on the characteristics of DNN data representation and integrate asymmetric eDRAM cells to lower energy consumption. To validate our proposed MCAIMem solution, we conduct extensive simulations and benchmarking against traditional SRAM. Our results demonstrate that MCAIMem significantly outperforms these alternatives in terms of area and energy efficiency. Specifically, our MCAIMem can reduce the area by 48\% and energy consumption by 3.4$\times$ compared to SRAM designs, without incurring any accuracy loss.
Study on Freshwater Macroinvertebrates of Some Tanzanian Rivers as a Basis for Developing Biomonitoring Index for Assessing Pollution in Tropical African Regions

Macroinvertebrates and physicochemical parameters were assessed at 15 sites along five rivers in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania, with the aim of understanding their ecological status and setting a base to the development of a biological index for tropical regions. Investigated rivers that occur within Pangani basin include Karanga, Rau, Lumbanga, Sere, and Umbwe. Sampling sites were categorized according to the level of water and habitat quality as follows: reference or least impacted (4 sites), moderately impacted (5 sites), and highly impacted (6 sites) sites. A total of 12,527 macroinvertebrates belonging to 13 orders and 48 families were recorded. The highest total abundance of 4,110 individuals per m2 was found in Karanga river, while Umbwe river had the lowest with 1,203 individuals per m2. Chironomidae was the most abundant family (2,588 individuals per m2) and the least were Hydridae and Thiaridae, each having 5 individuals per m2. High numbers of taxa were noted among the orders: Ephemeroptera (8), Odonata (8), Diptera (7), and Trichoptera (6). In conclusion, orders with greater diversity of macroinvertebrate families offer a wide range of tolerance to pollution and, thus can potentially be used to develop a biomonitoring index for evaluating pollution in tropical African rivers.
PneumoLLM: Harnessing the Power of Large Language Model for Pneumoconiosis Diagnosis

The conventional pretraining-and-finetuning paradigm, while effective for common diseases with ample data, faces challenges in diagnosing data-scarce occupational diseases like pneumoconiosis. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have exhibits unprecedented ability when conducting multiple tasks in dialogue, bringing opportunities to diagnosis. A common strategy might involve using adapter layers for vision-language alignment and diagnosis in a dialogic manner. Yet, this approach often requires optimization of extensive learnable parameters in the text branch and the dialogue head, potentially diminishing the LLMs' efficacy, especially with limited training data. In our work, we innovate by eliminating the text branch and substituting the dialogue head with a classification head. This approach presents a more effective method for harnessing LLMs in diagnosis with fewer learnable parameters. Furthermore, to balance the retention of detailed image information with progression towards accurate diagnosis, we introduce the contextual multi-token engine. This engine is specialized in adaptively generating diagnostic tokens. Additionally, we propose the information emitter module, which unidirectionally emits information from image tokens to diagnosis tokens. Comprehensive experiments validate the superiority of our methods and the effectiveness of proposed modules. Our codes can be found at https://github.com/CodeMonsterPHD/PneumoLLM/tree/main.
Conceptualizing the Relationship between AI Explanations and User Agency

We grapple with the question: How, for whom and why should explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) aim to support the user goal of agency? In particular, we analyze the relationship between agency and explanations through a user-centric lens through case studies and thought experiments. We find that explanation serves as one of several possible first steps for agency by allowing the user convert forethought to outcome in a more effective manner in future interactions. Also, we observe that XAI systems might better cater to laypersons, particularly"tinkerers", when combining explanations and user control, so they can make meaningful changes.
Reconstruction of Summer Sea Level Pressure over East Asia since 1470

AbstractA close relationship between sea level pressure (SLP) over East Asia and precipitation indices (PIs) in eastern China was observed in the summers (June–August) of 1850–2008 using singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis. To investigate this relationship over a longer period, the SLP fields were reconstructed back to 1470 based on a mathematical model and the historical precipitation indices of eastern China. A cross-validation test of independent samples suggests that the reconstructed SLPs are statistically acceptable. According to the first three predominant SVD modes of the SLP field, three SLP index series (SLPI1–SLPI3) were developed to quantify the thermodynamic differences among the critical SLP centers of East Asia. Both SLPI1 and SLPI2 are highly correlated with the East Asian summer monsoon index, whereas SLPI3 is related to the index of Eurasian meridional atmospheric circulation. The temporal scales of SLP indices were examined during 1470–2008 using the wavelet power spectra. Resul.
Phenylbutyrate and Dichloroacetate Enhance the Liquid-Stored Boar Sperm Quality via PDK1 and PDK3

Artificial insemination (AI) with liquid-stored semen is the most prevalent and efficient assisted reproduction technique in the modern pork industry. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component X (PDHX) was demonstrated to be associated with sperm metabolism and affected the boar sperm viability, motility, and fertility. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinases (PDKs) are the key metabolic enzymes that regulate pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) activity and also the conversion from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. In the present study, two PDK inhibitors, Dichloroacetate (DCA) and Phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), were added to an extender and investigated to determine their regulatory roles in liquid-stored boar sperm at 17 °C. The results indicated that PDK1 and PDK3 were predominantly located at the head and flagella of the boar sperm. The addition of 2 mM DCA and 0.5 mM 4-PBA significantly enhanced the sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity (PMI), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ATP content. In addition, DCA and 4-PBA exerted their effects by inhibiting PDK1 and PDK3, respectively. In conclusion, DCA and 4-PBA were found to regulate the boar sperm metabolic activities via PDK1 and PDK3. These both can improve the quality parameters of liquid-stored boar sperm, which will help to improve and optimize liquid-stored boar semen after their addition in the extender.
Geometrical approach to surface wave finite frequency effects

A simple geometrical result for the finite frequency effects of surface waves is derived by examining a normal mode formula in its asymptotic limit. An ellipse, determined by wavelength and locations of source and receiver, is shown to give the spread due to finite frequency effects in an analytically continued latitude coordinate. This spread has the form of the Gaussian distribution and its width is determined by the ellipse. Since this Gaussian distribution function is normalized at each distance, in the direction perpendicular to the ray path, peak values along ray path change from source to receiver, making a contrast to ray theoretical results which put equal weights along ray path. The result is valid only for laterally homogeneous earth models, but since finite frequency effects are important for low frequency waves for which lateral heterogeneity effects are less severe, this geometrical relation may be useful for tomographic studies.