Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Residential Psychosocial Environment and Mental Wellbeing in Deprived Areas

Abstract The importance of psychosocial environments to health outcomes – physical health, mental health and wellbeing, and health behaviours – has been increasingly recognised in recent years, but more so in relation to the workplace than other settings. This paper seeks to extend this field of inquiry both conceptually and empirically. It argues that housing and neighbourhoods can equally be viewed as comprising an important residential psychosocial environment operating via processes of appearance, perceived relative position, control, status and empowerment. The paper goes on to demonstrate this approach by looking at the relationships between housing and neighbourhood psychosocial risk factors and psychosocial benefits and mental wellbeing for residents in relatively deprived areas. A range of psychosocial factors are positively associated with mental wellbeing, with the most important being: the attainment of feelings of residential and personal progress; having a sense of control at home; and the aesthetic qualities of the dwelling and neighbourhood environment. Empowerment in relation to both one's landlord and local area changes were both also important, although slightly less strongly associated with mental wellbeing. The perceived relative position of the dwelling and neighbourhood had the least strong associations with mental wellbeing once aspects of quality were taken into account.
Research on screening and identification of proteins interacting with ataxin-3.

OBJECTIVE This study sought to isolate and identify the proteins that interact with ataxin-3, to confirm the interacted domain, and to provide new clues for exploring the function of ataxin-3 and the pathogenesis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 and Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD). METHODS Yeast two-hybrid screen (MATCHMAKER GAL4 Two-Hybrid System 3) and regular molecular biologic techniques were undertaken to screen human brain cDNA library with mutant ataxin-3 bait. Two baits from both normal and mutant C-terminus of ataxin-3 were created by subcloned methods to determine which domain of ataxin-3 interacts with the putative associated proteins and to find out optimal candidate proteins that interact with C-terminus of ataxin-3. Confocal microscope was used to observe whether ataxin-3 co-localized with the obtained interacting proteins in mammalian cells. RESULTS Five novel ataxin-3 interacting proteins were obtained, among which were three known proteins, namely human rhodopsin guanosine diphosphate dissociation inhibitor alpha, small ubiquitin-like modifier 1, and human neuronal amiloride-sensitive cation channel 2; the other two were unknown. Interacting domain analysis revealed that an unknown protein interacted with the C-terminus near the polyglutamine tract of ataxin-3, the other four all interacted with the N-terminus. In the nucleus of SH-SY5Y cell, small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 co-localized with the wild-type ataxin-3 and with the intranuclear aggregates formed by the mutant ataxin-3. CONCLUSION An unknown protein probably interacting with C-terminus of ataxin-3 is firstly discovered, and the initiative findings suggest first that the interaction of small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 with N-terminus of ataxin-3 and the relevant sumoylation probably participate in the post-translation modifying of ataxin-3 and in the pathogenesis of SCA3/MJD.
Small tourist firms in rural areas: agility, vulnerability and survival in the face of crisis

This paper reports on the quintessential rural small firm, the tourist service provider and explores the impact of the recent foot and mouth outbreak. A theoretical framework is employed which proposes that many rural small firms capture and commodify the values that are inherent in the countryside. Part of this process is the portrayal of image and is an essential element of the new economy of signs and symbols. This image was critically challenged during the outbreak and thus affords us a unique opportunity to examine what happens, the impacts and effects, on small rural business when the image is tarnished. The findings show that small firms in rural areas suffered badly, even in areas where there was no disease. This leads one to argue that the effects of the disease were generated, less by fact, and more by the production of image. However, it was also found that rural small firms were extremely flexible in their responses to the crisis. In turn this seems to suggest that many small rural businesses may have a particular resilience which augurs well for sustainability.
Optimal Adoption of Complementary Technologies

When a production process requires two extremely complementary inputs, conventional wisdom holds that a firm would always upgrade them simultaneously. We show, however, that if upgrading each input involves a fixed cost, the firm may upgrade them at different dates, "asynchronously. " This insight helps us understand why productivity rises with the age of a plant, why investment in structures is more spiked than equipment investment, and why plants have spare capacity. The bigger point of the paper is that complementarity does not necessarily imply comovement--not even for a single decision maker.
Subcellular localization of the von Hippel‐Lindau disease gene product is cell cycle‐dependent

The von Hippel‐Lindau gene product (pVHL) interacts with and inhibits the cellular transcription factor elongin. However, the subcellular localization of pVHL has remained uncertain. Naturally occurring pVHL mutants which fail to interact with elongin have been described in patients with VHL disease or sporadic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, we have examined the cellular expression pattern of endogenous pVHL in different RCC cell lines by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. Both anti‐N‐terminal and anti‐C‐terminal pVHL antibodies were able to recognize endogenous wild‐type pVHL expressed by the RCC cells studied. A C‐terminal truncated VHL mutant expressed by RCC cell line A498 was detected only by the N‐terminal antibody but not by the C‐terminal antibody as expected. The overall staining patterns of these cell lines are similar, with a predominant nuclear speckled pattern and a moderate cytoplasmic staining in subconfluent cell cultures. Interestingly, when cells reached confluency, more prominent nuclear staining with little or no cytoplasmic expression was observed. By using double labeling with anti‐VHL and anti‐bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) antibodies and cell cycle analyses, we found that in the G1/G0‐phase, pVHL was localized exclusively in the nucleus associated with distinctive large subnuclear structures, whereas the majority of the cells in S‐phase of the cell cycle also showed a diffuse cytoplasmic staining. Our results indicate that subcellular localization of pVHL is regulated in a cell cycle‐dependent manner. Int. J. Cancer 78:62–69, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Roles of the AX4GKS and Arginine-Rich Motifs of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Helicase in ATP- and Viral RNA-Binding Activity

ABSTRACT The nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) possesses protease, nucleoside triphosphatase, and helicase activities. Although the enzymatic activities have been extensively studied, the ATP- and RNA-binding domains of the NS3 helicase are not well-characterized. In this study, NS3 proteins with point mutations in the conserved helicase motifs were expressed inEscherichia coli, purified, and analyzed for their effects on ATP binding, RNA binding, ATP hydrolysis, and RNA unwinding. UV cross-linking experiments indicate that the lysine residue in the AX4GKS motif is directly involved in ATP binding, whereas the NS3(GR1490DT) mutant in which the arginine-rich motif (1486-QRRGRTGR-1493) was changed to QRRDTTGR bound ATP as well as the wild type. The binding activity of HCV NS3 helicase to the viral RNA was drastically reduced with the mutation at Arg1488 (R1488A) and was also affected by the K1236E substitution in the AX4GKS motif and the R1490A and GR1490DT mutations in the arginine-rich motif. Previously, Arg1490 was suggested, based on the crystal structure of an NS3-deoxyuridine octamer complex, to directly interact with the γ-phosphate group of ATP. Nevertheless, our functional analysis demonstrated the critical roles of Arg1490 in binding to the viral RNA, ATP hydrolysis, and RNA unwinding, but not in ATP binding.
How sectoral systems of production promote capability building: insights from the Vietnamese motorcycle industry

Despite being one of the latecomers among the Asian countries in launching the development of an automotive industry, Vietnam has experienced rapid growth in its motorcycle industry and a gradual accumulation of its domestic component supply base since the late 1990s. Based on an analysis of major learning milestones experienced by local component suppliers, this paper seeks to provide detailed first-hand accounts of how local firms exploited the emerging sectoral system of production and innovation for the acquisition of new capabilities, and how the sectoral system transformed itself in the course of industrial development.
ECONOMIC EFFECTIVITY OF FAIRS – KAVA MODEL TESTING ON AGRICULTURAL EXHIBITIONS

This paper discusses the first experiences with the newly-developed KAVA-model. This model works on cash basis and evaluates cash inflow, outflow and Net Cash-Flow (NCF) in connection with four different interest groups connected to the given exhibition. The model was tested on four different exhibitions: Farmerexpo (Debrecen, Hungary) in 2005 and 2006, OMA‰K (Budapest, Hungary) from 2005 and Polagra- Farm (Poznan, Poland) 2006. The different fairs can be compared by their relative â€žeconomic valuesâ€ that makes the auditing more reliable.
Some projections from the peri‐central cortex to the pons and lower brain stem in monkey and chimpanzee

(d) The medial tegmental region of the medulla oblongata, (e) The medial (magnocellular) subdivision of the lateral reticular nucleus, predominantly contra-lateral to the lesion, ( f ) The tegmentum of the pons, especially on the ipsilateral side. However, in this animal scarcely any fibers are distributed to the motor nuclei. It was found, furthermore, that within the limits of the motor cortex (Garol, '42), the face area constitutes the prime source of the projections to the spinal trigeminal complex and the adjacent lateral te-gmentum. the level of the pyramidal decussation up to the isthmus,
Laboratory XRF measurements using Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer of Chandrayaan-2 rover: Comparison with Geant4 simulation results

India's second mission to the Moon - Chandrayaan-2, will have a rover for in-situ exploration of lunar surface around the landing site. Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) is one of the instruments on board Chandrayaan-2 rover, for measuring elemental composition of the lunar surface using state - of - the - art X-ray detector (Silicon Drift Detector - SDD) with higher energy resolution. The objective of the APXS instrument is to analyze several soil / rock samples along the rover traverse for the major elements with the characteristics X-rays in the 1 to 25 keV energy range. We have carried out XRF measurements in the laboratory using Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer which provides energy resolution of ~150 eV at 5.9 keV, when the detector is cooled to -35°C. These measurements are carried out using six 55Fe X-ray sources for various target materials at different detector to target heights. We have also carried out detailed Monte-Carlo simulation based on GEANT4 for the APXS for various compositions of the lunar surface. Here we are comparing the GEANT4 simulation results with the experimentally acquired XRF data.
Anti-Oppressive Practice: Social Care and the Law

List of statutes Preface to the second edition Acknowledgements Introduction Anti-oppressive practice ten years on Part I Unpacking concepts: Setting the terms of the debate Some essential elements of anti-oppressive theory Use of the law: Contradictions and dilemmas Part II A model of anti-oppressive practice: Principles for action Values Empowerment Partnership Minimal intervention Implications for practice Part III Reframing practice in relation to legislation Prevention Assessment Planning Service user involvement Evaluation Notes Bibliography Index
Disrupting Cyclin Dependent Kinase 1 in Spermatocytes Causes Late Meiotic Arrest and Infertility in Mice1

ABSTRACT While cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) has a critical role in controlling resumption of meiosis in oocytes, its role has not been investigated directly in spermatocytes. Unique aspects of male meiosis led us to hypothesize that its role is different in male meiosis than in female meiosis. We generated a conditional knockout (cKO) of the Cdk1 gene in mouse spermatocytes to test this hypothesis. We found that CDK1-null spermatocytes undergo synapsis, chiasmata formation, and desynapsis as is seen in oocytes. Additionally, CDK1-null spermatocytes relocalize SYCP3 to centromeric foci, express H3pSer10, and initiate chromosome condensation. However, CDK1-null spermatocytes fail to form condensed bivalent chromosomes in prophase of meiosis I and instead are arrested at prometaphase. Thus, CDK1 has an essential role in male meiosis that is consistent with what is known about the role of CDK1 in female meiosis, where it is required for formation of condensed bivalent metaphase chromosomes and progression to the first meiotic division. We found that cKO spermatocytes formed fully condensed bivalent chromosomes in the presence of okadaic acid, suggesting that cKO chromosomes are competent to condense, although they do not do so in vivo. Additionally, arrested cKO spermatocytes exhibited irregular cell shape, irregular large nuclei, and large distinctive nucleoli. These cells persist in the seminiferous epithelium through the next seminiferous epithelial cycle with a lack of stage XII checkpoint-associated cell death. This indicates that CDK1 is required upstream of a checkpoint-associated cell death as well as meiotic metaphase progression in mouse spermatocytes.
International Trade Aspects of Competition Policy

Recently competition policy has become an important trade policy issue, since many policy makers now see competition policy as an important instrument to secure market access' to foreign markets. This paper analyzes this issue both from a theoretical point of view and from the review of the recent development of the Japanese competition policy. While voluntary trade cartels have a strongly negative international spillover, export cartels or international cartels do not constrain market access,' and export restraints were often used to ameliorate trade frictions. Moreover, domestic cartels often have a positive international spillover on the export from foreign countries. Thus, the recent focus on competition policy from market access' concern is misleading. The Japanese government has substantially strengthened its competition policy in the 1990s, especially in terms of drastic reduction of cartels exempted from the application of Antimonopoly Law and in strengthening its enforcement against cartels. While these changes of competition policy would be highly beneficial to the Japanese economy, it is not clear whether such policy changes could have a substantial impact on market access. '
Comparing the Determinants of Mode Choice across Travel Purposes

This paper considers travel mode choice for a range of journey purposes in Ireland using micro-data for 2009. Results suggest that demographic and socio-economic variables, location and public transport availability are important determinants of mode choice. The results also indicate an attachment to the car as a mode of transport for non-commuting journeys when available, and especially when used regularly for work journeys. Importantly, the determinants of mode choice are found to differ across journey purposes suggesting that it is not valid to generalise the results from studies considering only one journey purpose.
Boundary scattering in quantum wires.

Narrow quantum wires of sufficiently high mobility exhibit an anomalous, low-field magnetoresistance peak at a position scaling as the ratio of the Fermi wave vector to the wire width. We investigate this effect varying temperature, electron density, sample geometry, and method of lateral confinement. The data we obtain are consistent with a classical explanation based upon a diffuse component of electron scattering at the edges of the wire.
Loopholes for Circumventing the Constitution: Unrestrained Bulk Surveillance on Americans by Collecting Network Traffic Abroad

We reveal interdependent legal and technical loopholes that the U.S. intelligence community could use to circumvent constitutional and statutory safeguards for Americans. These loopholes involve the collection of Internet traffic on foreign territory, and leave Americans as unprotected as foreigners by current U.S. surveillance laws. We also describe how modern Internet protocols can be manipulated to deliberately divert American's traffic abroad, where traffic can then be collected under a more permissive legal regime (Executive Order 12333) that is overseen solely by the Executive branch of the U.S. government. While the media has reported on some of the techniques we describe, we cannot establish the extent to which these loopholes are exploited in practice.An actionable short-term remedy to these loopholes involves updating the antiquated legal definition of "electronic surveillance" in the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), that has remained largely intact since 1978. On the long term, however, a fundamental reconsideration of established principles in U.S. surveillance law is required, since these loopholes cannot be closed by technology alone. Legal issues that require reconsideration include: the determination of applicable law by the geographical point of collection of network traffic; the lack of general constitutional or statutory protection for network traffic collection before users are "intentionally targeted"; and the fact that constitutional protection under the Fourth Amendment is limited to "U.S. persons" only. The combination of these three principles means that Americans remain highly vulnerable to bulk surveillance when the U.S. intelligence community collects their network traffic abroad.
Eye movements of second language learners when reading spaced and unspaced Chinese texts

Unlike English, Chinese does not have interword spacing in written texts, which poses difficulties for Chinese-as-a-second-language (CSL) learners’ identification of word boundaries and affects their reading comprehension and vocabulary acquisition. The eye-movement literature has suggested that interword spacing is important in alphabetic languages; examining languages that lack interword spaces such as Chinese, thus, may help to inform theoretical accounts of eye-movement control and word identification during reading. Research investigating the interword spacing effect in reading Chinese showed that adding spacing facilitated CSL learners’ reading comprehension and speed as well as vocabulary learning. However, the bulk of this research mainly looked at the learning outcomes (off-line measures), with few studies focusing on L2 learners’ reading processes. Building on this background, this study seeks to provide a descriptive perspective of the eye movements of CSL learners. In this study, 24 CSL learners with intermediate Chinese proficiency were recruited as the experimental group, and 20 Chinese native speakers were recruited as the control group. The EyeLink 1,000 eye tracker was used to record their reading of four segmentation conditions of Chinese texts, namely, no space condition, word-spaced condition, non-word-spaced condition, and pinyin-spaced condition. Results show that: (1) CSL learners with intermediate Chinese proficiency generally spent less time reading Chinese texts with spaces between words, and they showed more gazes and regressions when reading texts without spaces; (2) Non-word-spaced texts and Pinyin-spaced texts interfere with CSL learners’ reading process; and (3) Intermediate CSL learners show consistent eye movement patterns in the normal no-space condition and word-spaced condition. I conclude that word boundary information can effectively guide CSL learners’ eye movement behaviors and eye saccade planning, thus improving reading efficiency.
Antisecretory Effects of Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ) Juice in Male Albino Rats

Aims: To evaluate the effects of the juice of Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) on gastric acid secretion and pH in Indomethacin-induced ulceration in male albino rats. Study Design: The experiment was divided into two studies. Under each study, four groups of rats were pre-treated with distilled water (control), 25% watermelon, 50% watermelon and 100% watermelon juice respectively for 30 days. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, between June, 2011 and July, 2012. Methodology: Sixty-four animals in total were used for the experiment. The animals were divided into two experimental studies: Study I contained thirty-two rats which were used for the study on ulcerogenesis. Study II also contained thirty-two rats which were
Slowly on, Slowly off: Bisubstrate‐Analogue Conjugates of 5‐Iodotubercidin and Histone H3 Peptide Targeting Protein Kinase Haspin

The atypical protein kinase haspin is a key player in mitosis by catalysing the phosphorylation of Thr3 in histone H3, and thus ensuring the normal function of the chromosomal passenger complex. Here, we report the development of bisubstrate‐analogue inhibitors targeting haspin. The compounds were constructed by linking 5‐iodotubercidin to the N terminus of histone H3 peptide. The new conjugates show high affinity (sub‐nanomolar KD) towards haspin as well as slow kinetics of association and dissociation (residence time of several hours). This reflects a unique binding mode and translated into improved selectivity. The latter was confirmed in a biochemical binding/displacement assay with a panel of ten protein kinases, in a thermal shift assay with off‐targets of 5‐iodotubercidin (adenosine kinase and the Cdc2‐like kinase family) and in assay with spiked HeLa cell lysate.
Roads and Diversification of Activities in Rural Areas: A Cameroon Case Study

type="main" xml:id="dpr12111-abs-0001"> This article uses the 2001 Cameroon National Household Survey (ECAM II) to analyse how road access affects labour activities. It shows that one-size-fits-all road investments are irrelevant because the effects of roads are neither systematic nor uniform: the impacts of isolation on household well-being through labour-market opportunities are heterogeneous and depend on local characteristics. In view of the diversification of activities in household strategy, it finds that better road access increases the number of activities within those households that are most isolated.