Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neonatal opioid withdrawal and antenatal opioid prescribing.

BACKGROUND The incidence of neonatal opioid withdrawal is increasing in both Canada and the United States. However, the degree to which the treatment of pain with opioids, rather than the misuse of prescription opioids or heroin, contributes to the prevalence of neonatal opioid withdrawal remains unknown. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional study between 1992 and 2011 in Ontario with 2 objectives. First, we determined the annual incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome. Second, using data from a subset of women eligible for publicly funded prescription drugs, we determined what proportion of women who deliver an infant with neonatal abstinence syndrome were given a prescription for an opioid before and during pregnancy. RESULTS The incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome in Ontario increased 15-fold during the study period, from 0.28 per 1000 live births in 1992 to 4.29 per 1000 live births in 2011. During the final 5 years of the study, we identified 927 deliveries of infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome to mothers who were public drug plan beneficiaries. Of these mothers, 67% had received an opioid prescription in the 100 days preceding delivery, including 53.3% who received methadone, an increase from 28.6% in the interval spanning 1 to 2 years before delivery (p < 0.001). Prescription for nonmethadone opioids decreased from 38% to 17% (p < 0.001). INTERPRETATION The incidence of neonatal opioid withdrawal in Ontario has increased substantially over the last 20 years. Most of the women in this cohort who delivered an infant with neonatal abstinence syndrome had received a prescription for an opioid both before and during their pregnancy.
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli is a cause of acute diarrheal illness: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Conflicting studies exist regarding the role of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) as a cause of acute diarrheal illness. The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine whether identification of EAEC in stool samples is associated with acute diarrheal illness among different subpopulations, by geographic area. METHODS A comprehensive search of electronic bibliographic databases (Medline and PubMed) from August 1985 to January 2006, as well as a search of conference proceedings, references of articles, and contacts with investigators of EAEC, yielded 354 studies. RESULTS Forty-one studies (12%) that met the selection criteria (i.e., that examined the association between acute diarrheal illness and the excretion of EAEC among different subpopulations) were included. In this meta-analysis, presence of EAEC identified with the HEp-2 cell adherence assay was found to be significantly associated with acute diarrheal illness among children residing in developing regions (odds ratio [OR], 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-1.83) and industrialized regions (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03-1.48), adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection residing in developing regions (OR, 6.43; 95% CI, 2.91-14.16), adults residing in developing regions (OR, 7.15; 95% CI, 1.96-26.04), and international travelers to developing regions (OR, 6.72; 95% CI, 2.62-17.20). A limited number of studies were available that examined the role of EAEC identified by its virulence genes by a DNA probe. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of this meta-analysis, we conclude that EAEC is a cause of acute diarrheal illness among many different subpopulations in both developing and industrialized regions, that EAEC strains are very heterogeneous and that additional studies that examine the role of EAEC in acute diarrheal illness are needed.
Collagen remodeling after myocardial infarction in the rat heart.

In this study changes in the amount and distribution of types I and III collagen mRNA and protein were investigated in the rat heart after induction of a left ventricular myocardial infarction (MI). Sham operated rats served as controls. The animals were sacrificed at different time intervals after operation. Northern blotting of cardiac RNA and hybridization with cDNA probes for types I and III procollagen revealed a 5- to 15-fold increase in the infarcted left ventricle. Type III procollagen mRNA levels were already increased at day 2 after MI, whereas type I procollagen mRNA followed this response at day 4 after MI. This increase was sustained for at least 21 days in the infarcted left ventricle for type III procollagen mRNA, whereas type 1 procollagen mRNA levels were still elevated at 90 days after MI. In the noninfarcted right ventricle a 5- to 7-fold increase was observed for both type I and type III procollagen mRNA levels, but only at day 4 after MI. In the non-infarcted septum a transient increase was observed for type I procollagen mRNA from day 7-21 (4- to 5-fold increase) and a decline to sham levels thereafter. In the septum type III procollagen mRNA levels were only elevated at 7 days after MI (4- to 5-fold increase) compared with sham operated controls. In situ hybridization with the same types I and III procollagen probes showed procollagen mRNA-producing cells in the infarcted area around necrotic cardiomyocytes, and in the interstitial cells in the non-infarcted part of the myocardium. No labeling was detected above cardiomyocytes. Combined in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed that the collagen mRNA producing cells have a myofibroblast-like phenotype in the infarcted myocardium and are fibroblasts in the noninfarcted septum and right ventricle. The increase in types I and III procollagen mRNA in both infarcted and non-infarcted myocardium was followed by an increased collagen deposition, measured by computerized morphometry on sirius red-stained tissue sections as well as by the hydroxyproline assay. In the non-infarcted septum and right ventricle the collagen-positive area was maximal at day 14 (3- to 5-fold increase compared with sham operated controls) and slightly declined at day 21. In the infarcted myocardium the collagen-positive area was 57 +/- 10% at day 14 after MI. Hydroxyproline contents were significantly increased in the noninfarcted septum. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
OppCode: Correlated Opportunistic Coding for Energy-Efficient Flooding in Wireless Sensor Networks

Existing work on flooding in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) mainly focuses on single-packet problem, while the work on sequential multipacket problem is surprisingly little. This paper proposes OppCode, a new opportunistic network-coding-based flooding architecture for multipacket dissemination in WSNs, where both unreliable and correlated links commonly exist. Instead of flooding a single packet each time, each node encodes multiple native packets chosen from a specific fixed-size page to an encoded packet and then rebroadcasts it further. The key idea consists of two parts. One is opportunistically coding decision, in which each node grasps every possible coding opportunity greedily to maximize its aggregate coding gain of all neighbors based on the probabilistic estimation of packets each neighbor already has. The other is paged collective acknowledgements (ACKs), in which one rebroadcast acts as not only an implicit ACK of successful disseminations of all packets in the entire page for the sender, but also probabilistic ACK to update page-scale per-packet coverage estimations for its neighbors in a batch. Experiments based on extensive simulations and 21-node testbed show that OppCode significantly increases performance of multipacket flooding in terms of reliability, transmission overhead, delay, and load balance.
Prenatal exposure to cocaine reduces the number and enhances reactivity of A10 dopaminergic neurons to environmental stress

Prenatal exposure to cocaine has been shown to result in poor cognitive performance in the resulting offspring in humans and laboratory animals. The underlying biochemical changes that contribute to these behavioral effects are not known but have been proposed to involve changes in dopaminergic function. In these studies, we exposed rats to cocaine in utero using the clinically relevant intravenous model and report a mean loss of 24.8% of the tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive, presumed dopaminergic, neurons in the A10, but not A9 and A8, cell groups of the young adult offspring. Additionally, in prenatal cocaine‐exposed rats dopaminergic neurons in the ventral, midline A10, and lateral A9 regions demonstrated a hyperreactivity to environmental stress, as measured by activation of the immediate‐early gene, Fos. Mild, intermittent footshock did not further increase the number of dopamine neurons expressing Fos in prenatal cocaine‐exposed rats, as it did in the prenatal saline controls. Because the exposure to cocaine took place during development, other potential changes in dopaminergic and nondopaminergic neuronal systems could result from the cocaine‐induced reduction in numbers of A10 dopamine neurons. We hypothesize that a perinatal loss of A10 dopamine neurons, and subsequent developmental changes, contributes to a dysregulation of the adult mesoprefrontal system, resulting in the reported cognitive deficits. Synapse 41:337–344, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Comparison of Methods for Transductive Transfer Learning

In this paper we examine the problem of domain adaptation for protein name extraction. First we define the general problem of transfer learning and the particular subproblem of domain adaptation. We then describe some current state of the art supervised and transductive approache s involving support vector machines and maximum entropy models. Using these as inspiration, we turn to the unsupervised version of the problem and introduce a novel maximum entropy based technique, pseudo-label based rescaling (PLR), that achieves comparable performance with no labeled target data. We present the results of experimental comparisons between all the methods described and conclude with a discussion of trends observed and promising routes for future work.
Risk of falling among elderly persons living in the community: assessment by the Timed up and go test

The risk of falling in elderly can be analyzed by a simple mobility test. Objective To assess the balance of elderly subjects through the 'Timed Up and Go' test. Method Subjects were timed for the moment they got up from a chair, walked for three meters, and came back to the chair. They also answered questions on imbalance, dizziness, and falls. Results Approximately 69% of the subjects completed the test in up to 19 seconds. There was a significant correlation between imbalance, time spent in the test, dizziness, and falls. Conclusion Most of the elderly subjects performed well in the test, thus attesting to their good level of functional mobility. However, a significant number of poor-performers is probably more prone to falling and to depending on others to perform activities of daily living.
Usefulness of initial glucose level to improve acute coronary syndrome diagnosis in the emergency department

Introduction The aim of the study was to analyse the incremental usefulness of high blood glucose level for non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (ACS) diagnosis in patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) for chest pain and suspected ACS. Methods A post hoc analysis of a prospective, observational study of 11 months duration was carried out. Initial glucose levels were analysed in 672 consecutive patients admitted to the ED with chest pain and suspected non-ST elevation ACS. A cut-off glucose level (>140 mg/dl) for high glucose level diagnosis was defined. Based on hospital diagnostic test results, patients were classified as having non-ST elevation ACS by two independent physicians. The association and performance of high glucose level for ACS diagnosis were studied by univariate and multivariate analysis and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Results Out of the 672 eligible patients who were recruited, 181 (26.9%) had a confirmed non-ST elevation ACS. The independent factors associated with a diagnosis of ACS were age, previous coronary artery disease, hyperlipidaemia, smoking status and glucose level >140 mg/dl (OR 1.98 95% CI 1.14 to 3.45). In addition to a predictive model that included the usual diagnostic tools for non-ST elevation ACS management, a glucose level >140 mg/dl added significant incremental information (p=0.03). However, the addition of blood glucose level >140 mg/dl to the conventional diagnostic tool resulted in small increases in the ability to classify ACS, as measured by the c-statistic (0.82, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.85). Conclusion An initial serum glucose level >140 mg/dl is associated with non-ST elevation ACS in patients admitted to an ED for chest pain but added moderately to conventional tools used for ACS diagnosis. Clinical trial number NCT00714298.
Query rewriting for semistructured data

We address the problem of query rewriting for TSL, a language for querying semistructured data. We develop and present an algorithm that, given a semistructured query <italic>q</italic> and a set of semistructured views <italic>V</italic>, finds <italic>rewriting</italic> queries, i.e., queries that access the views and produce the same result as <italic>q</italic>. Our algorithm is based on appropriately generalizing <italic>containment mappings</italic>, the <italic>chase</italic>, and <italic>query composition</italic> — techniques that were developed for structured, relational data. We also develop an algorithm for equivalence checking of TSL queries. We show that the algorithm is sound and complete for TSL, i.e., it always finds every non-trivial TSL rewriting query of <italic>q</italic>, and we discuss its complexity. We extend the rewriting algorithm to use some forms of structural constraints (such as DTDs) and find more opportunities for query rewriting.
Web2SE: First Workshop on Web 2.0 for Software Engineering

Social software is built around an "architecture of participation" where user data is aggregated as a side-effect of using Web 2.0 applications. Web 2.0 implies that processes and tools are socially open, and that content can be used in several different contexts. Web 2.0 tools and technologies support interactive information sharing, data interoperability and user centered design. For instance, wikis, blogs, tags and feeds help us organize, manage and categorize content in an informal and collaborative way. One goal of this workshop is to investigate how these technologies can improve software development practices. Some of these technologies have made their way into collaborative software development processes such as Agile and Scrum, and in development platforms such as Rational Team Concert which draw their inspiration from Web 2.0. These processes and environments are just scratching the surface of what can be done by incorporating Web 2.0 approaches and technologies into collaborative software development. This workshop aims to improve our understanding of how Web 2.0, manifested in technologies such as mashups or dashboards, can change the culture of collaborative software development.
Neurogenic stuttering: a review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION Neurogenic stuttering is a disorder of neurologic origin in the rhythm of speech during which the patient knows exactly what he wants to say but is unable to because of an involuntary prolongation, cessation or repetition of a sound. AIM To assemble new insights regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of neurogenic stuttering. DEVELOPMENT A review of all PubMed and Scopus published articles between January 2000 and September 2016 was performed. Thirty-three publications were analyzed. Neurogenic stuttering is a rare entity whose epidemiological incidence is yet not fully established. It is correlated with several neurological diseases and with several possible localizations within the nervous system. Notwithstanding the recent advances in the understanding of the underlying mechanism, it is not yet possible to establish a single pathophysiological mechanism of neurogenic stuttering. The differential diagnosis is complex and requires the detailed knowledge of other language disorders. The treatment is currently based on specific speech language therapy strategies. CONCLUSION Neurogenic stuttering is a complex disorder which is not fully understood. Additional studies might help to better explain the underlying pathophysiological mechanism and to open doors to novel therapeutic methods.
PHYSIOLOGICAL MODELS FOR PROLONGED MANUAL LIFTING TASKS

Artificial Neural Network-Based Physiological Models (ANNs) were developed to predict the energy cost to different prolonged manual lifting tasks for the different lifting heights commonly encountered in industry. Inputs to the ANNs are a combination of task and worker’s characteristics. The models were constructed using Multilayer Feedforward networks (MLFF), and were trained using Levenberg-Marquardt Backpropagation (LMBP) algorithm. Several performance indices were utilized for evaluation of the different networks training and generalization abilities. Training with a large set of exemplars allowed accurate prediction of energy cost for new subjects. The ANNs models outperformed the MLR models developed utilizing the same data sets.
Impact of Gastric H+/K+-ATPase rs2733743 on the Intragastric pH-Values of Dexlansoprazole Injection in Chinese Subjects

Background: Not all patients with acid-related disorders receiving proton pump inhibitor (PP) treatment get adequate gastric pH control. The genetic variation of receptors, metabolic enzymes, and transporters are known to cause failures of therapies. We have conducted a study to evaluate the influence of gastric H+/K+-ATPase, CYP2C19, and ABCB1 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of dexlansoprazole injection in healthy Chinese subjects. Methods: A total of 51 subjects were enrolled for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study after a single intravenous administration of 20 or 30 mg dexlansoprazole. Plasma concentrations were determined using a chiral liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. The intragastric pH and baseline-adjusted intragastric pH parameters were introduced to evaluate the pharmacodynamic characters. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters were significantly influenced by CYP2C19 phenotypes, and gastric acid secretion inhibition were affected by both gastric H+/K+-ATPase and CYP2C19 polymorphisms. Gastric H+/K+-ATPase genotypes had greater effects than CYP2C19 genotypes on the suppression of gastric acid secretion. Conclusion: Gastric H+/K+-ATPase polymorphism may be one of the main reasons that cause insufficient gastric acid inhibition.
Examining Tradeoffs for Hardware-Based Intellectual Property Protection

The ability to protect critical cyber infrastructure remains a multi-faceted problem facing both the commercial sector and the federal government. Hardware intellectual property (IP) embedded within application-specific integrated circuits and programmable logic devices are subject to adversarial analysis in the form of subversion, piracy, and reverse engineering. We consider the effect of transforming the programmatic logic or netlist definitions for such environments so that malicious adversaries are hindered or prevented from recovering original, higher level abstractions of combinational logic design. In this paper, we provide observations on obfuscating algorithms that use random and deterministic techniques to transform logic-level definitions into alternative, functionally equivalent forms. We define the tradeoff space for both types of techniques and show how limitations have driven research methods. Keywords/Key Phrases: Circuit protection, malicious reverse engineering, obfuscation, security research methodologies
Predictability for timing and temperature in multiprocessor system-on-chip platforms

High computational performance in multiprocessor system-on-chips (MPSoCs) is constrained by the ever-increasing power densities in integrated circuits, so that nowadays MPSoCs face various thermal issues. For instance, high chip temperatures may lead to long-term reliability concerns and short-term functional errors. Therefore, the new challenge in designing embedded real-time MPSoCs is to guarantee the final performance and correct function of the system, considering both functional and non-functional properties. One way to achieve this is by ruling out mapping alternatives that do not fulfill requirements on performance or peak temperature already in early design stages. In this article, we propose a thermal-aware optimization framework for mapping real-time applications onto MPSoC platforms. The performance and temperature of mapping candidates are evaluated by formal temporal and thermal analysis models. To this end, analysis models are automatically generated during design space exploration, based on the same specifications as used for software synthesis. The analysis models are automatically calibrated with performance data reflecting the execution of the system on the target platform. The data is automatically obtained prior to design space exploration based on a set of benchmark mappings. Case studies show that the performance and temperature requirements are often conflicting goals and optimizing them together leads to major benefits in terms of a guaranteed and predictable high performance.
Mechanical Properties of Concrete Containing Foundry Sand

The properties of concrete containing foundry sand as a partial replacement of fine aggregate were investigated. Three types of sand used in foundries were considered, the white fine sand without the addition of clay and coal, the foundry sand before casting (blended), and the foundry sand after casting (spent). The standard sand (Class M) was partially replaced by (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) these types of sand. Thirteen concrete mixtures were employed to conduct this study. Concrete strength up to 90 days and length change (drying shrinkage and expansion) up to 60 days were determined. As the replacement level of standard sand with sand used in foundries increased, the strength of concrete decreased. Concrete containing white sand showed somewhat similar strength to those containing spent sand at all replacement levels. The presence of high percentage of blended sand in the concrete mixture caused a reduction in strength as compared with concrete incorporating white sand or spent sand. The increase in strength was not observed at low replacement levels (less than 50%). The length change of concrete increased as the replacement level of standard sand with the three types of sand increased. Drying shrinkage values were higher in concrete containing spent sand and lower in concrete containing white sand. Expansion was generally lower in concrete containing white sand as compared with the other two types (blended and spent) at a low sand replacement level of 25%; and, a different trend was obtained at higher levels.
Accountability for cloud and other future Internet services

Cloud and IT service providers should act as responsible stewards for the data of their customers and users. However, the current absence of accountability frameworks for distributed IT services makes it difficult for users to understand, influence and determine how their service providers honour their obligations. The A4Cloud project will create solutions to support users in deciding and tracking how their data is used by cloud service providers. By combining methods of risk analysis, policy enforcement, monitoring and compliance auditing with tailored IT mechanisms for security, assurance and redress, A4Cloud aims to extend accountability across entire cloud service value chains, covering personal and business sensitive information in the cloud.