Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pinpointed muscle force control using a power-assisting device: System configuration and experiment

The demand for rehabilitation robots is increasing for the upcoming aging society. Power-assisting devices are considered promising for enhancing the mobility of elderly and disabled people. Other potential applications are for muscle rehabilitation and sports training. The main focus of this paper is to control the load of selected muscles by using a power-assisting device, thus enabling ldquopinpointedrdquo motion support, rehabilitation, and training by explicitly specifying the target muscles. By taking into account the physical interaction between human muscle forces and actuator driving forces during power-assisting, the feasibility of this muscle force control is analyzed as a constrained optimization problem. A prototype power-assisting device driven by pneumatic rubber actuators is developed. A control system is developed with a graphical user interface that provides an easy operation to designate desired forces for target muscles. The validity of the method is confirmed by experiments by measuring surface electromyographic (EMG) signals for target muscles.
Simple but fundamental limitations on supertree and consensus tree methods.

363 Ragan (1992), Purvis (1995a), and Sanderson et al. (1998). The purpose of this note is to point out that inherent limitations exist as to what any supertree or consensus tree method can possibly achieve. More precisely, we demonstrate here by simple examples that, although one can easily list various desirable properties that one would like such a method to possess, no method can possess all of these simultaneously. Although this may be viewed as a somewhat negative result, its positive spin-off is that it focuses attention on those types of supertree constructions one should aim for and indicates promising lines for future work. Although we insist that any supertree method must return a single tree, we will briefly discuss extensions that allow several trees to be in the output. One inherent limitation on the solution to the consensus tree problem for unrooted trees has been described by McMorris (1985), who discussed three conditions that cannot simultaneously be satisfied by any consensus method. The conditions we consider here are quite different and somewhat simpler. We will also see that there is a fundamental distinction between rooted and unrooted trees.
Annotating by Proving using SemAnTE

We present SemAnTE, a platform for marking and substantiating a semantic annotation scheme of textual entailment according to a formal model. The platform introduces a novel approach to annotation by providing annotators immediate feedback whether the data they mark are substantiated: for positive entailment pairs, the system uses the annotations to search for a formal logical proof that validates the entailment relation; for negative pairs, the system verifies that a countermodel can be constructed. By integrating a web-based user-interface, a formal lexicon, a lambda-calculus engine and an offthe-shelf theorem prover, this platform facilitates the creation of annotated corpora of textual entailment. A corpus of several hundred annotated entailments is currently in preparation using the platform and will be available for the research community.
PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF END-TO-END QUALITY OF SERVICE IN WCDMA WIRELESS NETWORKS

In this paper we proposed user satisfaction architecture for packed-switched services in 3 rd generation cellular networks for end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in Diffserv IP network environment. The paper focuses on mapping of QoS classes from Diffserv to UMTS, Admission control, Buffering and scheduling. The Diffserv code point was utilized in the end-to-end quality of service provisioning to differentiate various type of multimedia real time traffic. This paper proposes the WCDMA based prioritized uplink call admission control that combines the QoS tolerance and service differentiation for data and multimedia traffic by priority. This algorithm reserves some bandwidth margin, number of users and power consumption to decrease handoff failures to give preference to high priority calls, such as handoff calls additionally Low latency queuing (LLQ) is implemented to improve the quality of service. LLQ is used with the key idea of mapping voice and video traffic in two different queues but at the same time using priority queuing within LLQ for both voice and video traffic for all other QoS classes. The results obtained from simulations demonstrate that proposed algorithm meet the QoS requirement.
Neuroimaging for the Diagnosis and Study of Psychiatric Disorders [Life Sciences]

This paper summarizes the neuroimaging methods in the diagnostic assessment process that have been applied to neuropsychiatric studies. Here, we outline the signal processing challenges in structural and functional neuroimaging methods and discuss the specific difficulties in multisite data analysis for the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders. Currently, fMRI and other brain imaging methods are used to aid in diagnosis primarily by revealing various types of pathology; e.g., evidence of brain tumors or multiple strokes. Significant research efforts have been directed toward understanding, analyzing, and diagnosing neuropsychiatric disorders.
Astragaloside IV Stimulates Angiogenesis and Increases Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Accumulation via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway

Astragaloside IV is the major active constituent of Astragalus membranaceus, which has been widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China. The aim of this study was to determine the angiogenic effect of astragaloside IV and its underlying mechanism. We used the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay, Western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence to detect the effect of astragaloside IV on proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), the phospho-Akt protein level, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) accumulation, vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression, and applied cell migration, tube formation, and chick chorioallantoic membrane assays to study the angiogenic effect of astragaloside IV. Results indicate that astragaloside IV promoted cell proliferation and stimulated HIF-1α accumulation during hypoxia. Mechanism studies revealed that astragaloside IV did not affect the degradation of HIF-1α protein or the level of HIF-1α mRNA. In contrast, astragaloside IV apparently activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, which regulates HIF-1α protein synthesis. Moreover, astragaloside IV also stimulated cell migration, increased tube formation, and promoted angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. All angiogenic effects of astragaloside IV were reversed by the PI3K inhibitor. Taken together, our data collectively reveal that astragaloside IV is a novel regulator of HIF-1α and angiogenesis through the PI3K/Akt pathway in HUVECs that are exposed to hypoxia.
Technology and Information Trust for Supporting Risky Decisions Based on Social-Media Content

As the availability of open-source information online increases, there are growing concerns regarding its reliability. This has led to renewed emphasis in quality-and trust-metrics research within the social computing space, to assist individuals in determining how reliable pieces of information actually might be. In this article, we take a step back to rigorously investigate the utility of trustworthiness information support provided via computer and information technologies. Our research aim is to assess whether people can cognitively combine trustworthiness advice and evaluative content to make decisions, particularly in a risk-related context. Moreover, we analyse individuals' ability to sensitise their decisions given that information and the criticality of a set task. The results suggest that individuals can perform well at both these tasks even when there are only subtle variations in information and advice. This empirically validated contribution provides a basis for a commonly-made assumption, and reinforces humans as efficient and effective information processors. The study also highlighted several social computing factors that may affect such decisions including quantity of content, existing trust relationships and reasoning behind trustworthiness advice.
Se p 20 03 On the Flux of Extra-Solar Dust in Earth ’ s Atmosphere

Micron size extrasolar dust particles have been convincingly detected by satellites. Larger extrasolar meteoroids (5-35 microns) have most likely been detected by ground based radar at Arecibo and New Zealand. We present estimates of the minimum detectable particle sizes and collecting areas for both radar systems. We show that particles larger than ∼ 10μm can propagate for tens of parsecs through the interstellar medium, opening up the possibility that ground based radar systems can detect AGB stars, young stellar objects such as T Tauri stars, and debris disks around Vega-like stars. We provide analytical and numerical estimates of the ejection velocity in the case of a debris disk interacting with a Jupiter mass planet. We provide rough estimates of the flux of large micrometeoroids from all three classes of sources. Current radar systems are unlikely to detect significant numbers of meteors from debris disks such as Beta Pictoris. However, we suggest improvements to radar systems that should allow for the detection of multiple examples of all three classes.
microRNAs associated with the different human Argonaute proteins

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that function in literally all cellular processes. miRNAs interact with Argonaute (Ago) proteins and guide them to specific target sites located in the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of target mRNAs leading to translational repression and deadenylation-induced mRNA degradation. Most miRNAs are processed from hairpin-structured precursors by the consecutive action of the RNase III enzymes Drosha and Dicer. However, processing of miR-451 is Dicer independent and cleavage is mediated by the endonuclease Ago2. Here we have characterized miR-451 sequence and structure requirements for processing as well as sorting of miRNAs into different Ago proteins. Pre-miR-451 appears to be optimized for Ago2 cleavage and changes result in reduced processing. In addition, we show that the mature miR-451 only associates with Ago2 suggesting that mature miRNAs are not exchanged between different members of the Ago protein family. Based on cloning and deep sequencing of endogenous miRNAs associated with Ago1–3, we do not find evidence for miRNA sorting in human cells. However, Ago identity appears to influence the length of some miRNAs, while others remain unaffected.
SPATIAL AND HIERARCHICAL FEATURE EXTRACTION BASED ON SIFT FOR MEDICAL IMAGES

Image segmentation plays a major role in the analysis of medical image disease diagnosis. Image features extracted is the basis for precise image segmentation. Variable nature of image features, such as size, shape, intensity, color, texture etc., cause complexity in the image segmentation and analysis of the image nature. Existing work estimate the effectiveness of the level-set shape beside with fractal texture and intensity features to discriminate PF (Posteriorfossa) tumor from other tissues in the brain. In addition explore the effectiveness of the skin texture with feature ranking and selection strategies such as entropy and KLD. Segmentation based on graph cut and expectation maximization (EM) for PF brain tumor segmentation is also done with the chosen features. Further, presented features may not be adequate to differentiate amongst the medical images. To overcome the issue, we present a Feature Rich Image Segmentation and Multi-Classifier Framework for Medical Image analysis and disease diagnosis. In this work, we first employ, unsupervised learning model to extract features from the medical images using spatial and hierarchical structures based on scale invariant feature transformation. This would enrich the features extracted from the medical image for segmentation compared to the existing method features of intensity, FD and shape model. The experimental performance is evaluated with benchmark data sets extracted from research repositories of both real and synthetic data sets. The performance parameter used for the analysis of the proposed spatial and hierarchical feature extraction based on sift for medical images are Feature size, Dominant Feature Threshold, Spatial feature size.
Clinical and Computational Study of Geometry & Heamodynamics of Arterial Stenosis

Stenosis is abnormal narrowing of blood vessels. The presence of stenosis in arteries may cause critical flow conditions. It may finally lead to stroke and heart-attack. A clinical study has been done on more than 130 patients along with computational study using 2D axisymmetric rigid model of stenosis in the carotid artery. Assumed shapes of deposition zone and the degree of occlusion used in the analysis were taken from clinical data. The Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible fluid flow have been considered as the governing equations and it has been solved with varying flow parameters using standard CFD software package. The radial velocity profiles at various points of the flow field, the centerline velocity plot and the centerline pressure plots have been obtained from computational study and compared with the clinical data.
Axially symmetric relativistic MHD simulations of Pulsar Wind Nebulae in Supernova Remnants. On the origin of torus and jet-like features

The structure and the evolution of Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWNe) are studied by means of two-dimensional axisym- metric relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) simulations. After the first imaging of the Crab Nebula with Chandra ,a growing number of objects has been found to show in the X-rays spatial features such as rings and jets, that clearly cannot be accounted for within the standard framework of one-dimensional semi-analytical models. The most promising explanation suggested so far is based on the combined effects of the latitude dependence of the pulsar wind energy flux, shaping the wind termination shock and naturally providing a higher equatorial emission, and of the wind magnetization, likely responsible for the jet collimation by hoop stresses downstream of the shock. This scenario is investigated here by following the evolution of a PWN interacting with the confining Supernova Remnant (SNR), from the free expansion to the beginning of the reverberation phase. Our results confirm the oblate shape of the wind termination shock and the formation of a polar jet with supersonic velocities (v ≈ 0.5−0.7c) for high enough values of the equatorial wind magnetization parameter (σ > 0.01).
Final Accepted Version Degradation of Extracellular ATP by the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Stimulation of ATP or adenosine receptors causes important physiologic changes in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells that may influence their relationship to the adjacent photoreceptors. While RPE cells have been shown to release ATP, the regulation of extracellular ATP levels and the production of dephosphorylated purines is not clear. This study examined the degradation of ATP by RPE cells and the physiologic effects of the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) that results. ATP was readily broken down by both cultured human ARPE-19 cells and the apical membrane of fresh bovine RPE cells. The compounds ARL67156 and βγmATP inhibited this degradation in both cell types. RT-PCR analysis of ARPE-19 cells found mRNA message for multiple extracellular degradative enzymes; ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/ phosphodiesterase (eNPP)1, eNPP2 and eNPP3, the ectoATPase ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase)2,
Cetuximab for the treatment of colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND Cetuximab, an IgG1 chimeric monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), has activity against colorectal cancers that express EGFR. METHODS From December 2003 to August 2005, 572 patients who had colorectal cancer expressing immunohistochemically detectable EGFR and who had been previously treated with a fluoropyrimidine, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin or had contraindications to treatment with these drugs underwent randomization to an initial dose of 400 mg of cetuximab per square meter of body-surface area followed by a weekly infusion of 250 mg per square meter plus best supportive care (287 patients) or best supportive care alone (285 patients). The primary end point was overall survival. RESULTS In comparison with best supportive care alone, cetuximab treatment was associated with a significant improvement in overall survival (hazard ratio for death, 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.92; P=0.005) and in progression-free survival (hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.80; P<0.001). These benefits were robust after adjustment in a multivariable Cox proportional-hazards model. The median overall survival was 6.1 months in the cetuximab group and 4.6 months in the group assigned to supportive care alone. Partial responses occurred in 23 patients (8.0%) in the cetuximab group but in none in the group assigned to supportive care alone (P<0.001); the disease was stable in an additional 31.4% of patients assigned to cetuximab and in 10.9% of patients assigned to supportive care alone (P<0.001). Quality of life was better preserved in the cetuximab group, with less deterioration in physical function and global health status scores (both P<0.05). Cetuximab treatment was associated with a characteristic rash; a rash of grade 2 or higher was strongly associated with improved survival (hazard ratio for death, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.50; P<0.001). The incidence of any adverse event of grade 3 or higher was 78.5% in the cetuximab group and 59.1% in the group assigned to supportive care alone (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Cetuximab improves overall survival and progression-free survival and preserves quality-of-life measures in patients with colorectal cancer in whom other treatments have failed. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00079066 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Latent Contextual Bandits: A Non-Negative Matrix Factorization Approach

We consider the stochastic contextual bandit problem with a large number of observed contexts and arms, but with a latent low-dimensional structure across contexts. This low dimensional(latent) structure encodes the fact that both the observed contexts and the mean rewards from the arms are convex mixtures of a small number of underlying latent contexts. At each time, we are presented with an observed context; the bandit problem is to determine the corresponding arm to pull in order to minimize regret. Assuming a separable and low rank latent context vs. mean-reward} matrix, we employ non-negative matrix factorization(NMF) techniques on sub-sampled estimates of matrix entries (estimates constructed from careful arm sampling) to efficiently discover the underlying factors. This estimation lies at the core of our proposed $\epsilon$-greedy NMF-Bandit algorithm that switches between arm exploration to reconstruct the reward matrix, and exploitation of arms using the reconstructed matrix in order to minimize regret. We identify singular value conditions on the non-negative factors under which the NMF-Bandit algorithm has $\mathcal{O}(L\text{poly}(m,\log K)\log{T})$ regret where $L$ is the number of observed contexts, $K$ is the number of arms, and $m$ is the number of latent contexts. We further propose a class of generative models that satisfy our sufficient conditions, and derive a lower bound that matches our achievable bounds up to a $\mathrm{poly}(m,\log K)$ factor. Finally, we validate the NMF-bandit algorithm on synthetic data-sets.
Discovery of Biomarkers for Osteosarcoma by Proteomics Approaches

Osteosarcomas are the most common malignant bone tumors, and the identification of useful tumor biomarkers and target proteins is required to predict the clinical outcome of patients and therapeutic response as well as to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Global protein expression studies, namely, proteomic studies, can offer important clues to understanding the tumor biology that cannot be obtained by other approaches. These studies, such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, have provided protein expression profiles of osteosarcoma that can be used to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers, as well as to understand biology of tumor progression and malignancy. In this paper, a brief description of the methodology will be provided followed by a few examples of the recent proteomic studies that have generated new information regarding osteosarcomas.
Agent Assistants for Team Analysis

With the growing importance of multiagent team-work, tools that can help humans analyze, evaluate, and understand team behaviors are also becoming increasingly important. To this end, we are creating isaac, a team analyst agent for post hoc, offline agent-team analysis. ISAAC'S novelty stems from a key design constraint that arises in team analysis: Multiple types of models of team behavior are necessary to analyze different granularities of team events, including agent actions, interactions, and global performance. These heterogeneous team models are automatically acquired by machine learning over teams' external behavior traces, where the specific learning techniques are tailored to the particular model learned. Additionally, ISAAC uses multiple presentation techniques that can aid human understanding of the analyses. This article presents ISAAC'S general conceptual framework and its application in the RoboCup soccer domain, where ISAAC was awarded the RoboCup Scientific Challenge Award.
Modern lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: implications for the tuberculosis control programe.

BACKGROUND The genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains is important to have unique insights into the dissemination dynamics and evolutionary genetics of this pathogen and for TB control as it allows the detection of suspected outbreaks and the tracing of transmission chains. OBJECTIVE To characterize M. tuberculois isolates collected from newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients in Addis Ababa METHODS One hundred and ninety two sputum samples were cultured on Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) slants and isolates were heat killed for molecular genotyping. The isolates were characterized using spoligotyping and were compared with the International SpoIDB4 database. RESULT T genotype constitutes the most predominant in our study (95, 49.5%) followed by the CAS genotype (42, 21.9%). Other genotypes found were Haarlem (H) (24, 12.5%), the LAM (3, 1.5%), the Beijing genotype (1, 0.5%); four (2.1%) isolates were designated as Unknown. CONCLUSION All the isolates belong to the modern lineage and there is high clustering in the genotype of isolates which indicated the presence of recent TB transmission. Therefore, the Tuberculosis Control Programme needs to do more in advocating and strengthening the health system for early detection and treatment of active TB cases as delay in treatment is the key factor in disease transmission.