Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Against the Law: Labor Protests in China's Rustbelt and Sunbelt

argument in a short review. He paints a vivid and detailed picture of the intense negotiations that took place in and out of doors and subtly tracks the contours of a process that was fluid, contingent, contested and shaped by its setting. And, in the end, he has written a provocative, engaging book that will help reset the agenda for future debates about the relationships between places and people, the coming of the Revolution, the importance of the cities, and the development of a civic consciousness both before and after the Revolutionary crisis. Michael A. McDonnell University of Sydney a 2009, Michael A. McDonnell
Adolescent development of context-dependent stimulus-reward association memory and its neural correlates

Expression of learned stimulus-reward associations based on context is essential for regulation of behavior to meet situational demands. Contextual regulation improves during development, although the developmental progression of relevant neural and cognitive processes is not fully specified. We therefore measured neural correlates of flexible, contextual expression of stimulus-reward associations in pre/early-adolescent children (ages 9–13 years) and young adults (ages 19–22 years). After reinforcement learning using standard parameters, a contextual reversal manipulation was used whereby contextual cues indicated that stimulus-reward associations were the same as previously reinforced for some trials (consistent trials) or were reversed on other trials (inconsistent trials). Subjects were thus required to respond according to original stimulus-reward associations vs. reversed associations based on trial-specific contextual cues. Children and young adults did not differ in reinforcement learning or in relevant functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) correlates. In contrast, adults outperformed children during contextual reversal, with better performance specifically for inconsistent trials. fMRI signals corresponding to this selective advantage included greater activity in lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), hippocampus, and dorsal striatum for young adults relative to children. Flexible expression of stimulus-reward associations based on context thus improves via adolescent development, as does recruitment of brain regions involved in reward learning and contextual expression of memory. Highlights Early-adolescent children and young adults were equivalent in reinforcement learning. Adults outperformed children in contextual expression of stimulus-reward associations. Adult advantages correlated with increased activity of relevant brain regions. Specific neurocognitive developmental changes support better contextual regulation.
Fostering male involvement and partnership

The International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) emphasized the key role of men in the attainment of sexual and reproductive health for both men and women. The participation of men in discussions about reproductive health is important in order for them to appreciate its benefits to women as well as to themselves. The UNFPA (UN Population Fund) has formulated three steps to establish the role of men as partners in reproductive health. These are: 1) identifying the issues and challenges 2) identifying and categorizing key audiences and stakeholders and 3) involving stakeholders in the advocacy implementation process. The three main issues relating to advocacy for male involvement are 1) fostering a favorable policy environment 2) re-orienting services to meet the needs of men and 3) nurturing a supportive sociocultural climate. The audiences and stakeholders for advocacy may be grouped into four categories--beneficiaries partners adversaries and decision makers. The direct beneficiaries of male involvement and partnership in reproductive health are men themselves. The partners and allies for male involvement programs include many international donor and technical assistance agencies that support male involvement programs. The opposition to male involvement comes from conservative male-dominated traditional and religious institutions. They fear that changing traditional gender roles in reproductive health will unravel time-tested family and community relation structures. The promotion of male partnership in reproductive health results from encouraging men to participate in advocacy. Inclusion of representatives of male-oriented associations helps in advocacy efforts aimed at involving men. Coalitions and networks are also important in the implementation of advocacy programs.
Mutant lac repressors with new specificities hint at rules for protein‐‐DNA recognition.

Proteins which recognize specific sequences of DNA play a fundamental role in the regulation of protein synthesis in all organisms. A particular helix of the bacterial protein lac repressor recognizes the bases in the major groove of the lac operator. We show that the first two residues of this recognition helix interact independently with two base pairs. This allows us in many cases to predict repression as an indicator of strength of the repressor‐operator complex. Rules of recognition can be derived for 16 symmetric operators. They also apply to the gal repressor and possibly to other bacterial repressors.
Does the Factor Structure of the Aggression Questionnaire Hold for Sexual Offenders?

The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) is often used with sexual offenders, but its factor structure has never been examined in this population. The primary aim of this study was to assess the fit of the proposed four-factor model of the AQ reported in previous studies on a sample of incarcerated sexual offenders (N = 293). Results of a series of confirmatory factor analyses did not clearly support the four-factor structure of the full or short version of the AQ. Specifically, very large latent factor correlations suggested that the AQ may not measure a four-dimensional construct in the current sample. Only the physical aggression subscale was independently associated with estimated risk of sexual recidivism. Our findings suggest that the AQ is relevant to risk of sexual recidivism but call into question the appropriateness of the established subscales and their interpretation for sexual offenders.
Wirkungsanalyse zur Maßnahme "Förderung von innovativen Netzwerken (InnoNet)" - Phase 3: Forschungsprojekt im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie

Suggested Citation: Belitz, Heike; Eschenbach, Rüdiger; Toepel, Kathleen (2008) : Wirkungsanalyse zur Maßnahme "Förderung von innovativen Netzwerken (InnoNet)" Phase 3: Forschungsprojekt im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie, DIW Berlin: Politikberatung kompakt, No. 40, ISBN 978-3-938762-31-8, Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW), Berlin, http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0084-20070330149
Selective Pixel Transmission for Navigating in Remote Virtual Environments

This paper presents a technique to improve the performance of a walkthrough in remote virtual environments, where a scene is rendered jointly by the server and the client, in order to reduce the network requirements as much as possible. The client generates novel views by extrapolating a reference view based on the locally available geometric model, while the server transmits data necessary to prevent an accumulation of errors. Within this concept, we show that by transmitting only a selected subset of pixels, the quality of the extrapolated views can be improved while requiring less bandwidth. We focus on the selection process in which the visibility gaps between the reference view and novel view are detected, packed and transmitted compressed to the client.
Technical Evaluation of Sentinel-1 IW Mode Cross-Pol Radar Backscattering from the Ocean Surface in Moderate Wind Condition

The Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) allows sufficient resources for cross-pol wind speed retrievals over the ocean. In this paper, we present technical evaluation on wind retrieval from both Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B IW cross-pol images. Algorithms are based on the existing theoretical and empirical ones derived from the RADARSAT-2 cross-pol data. First, to better understand the Sentinel-1 observed normalized radar cross section (NRCS) values under various environmental conditions, we constructed a dataset that integrates SAR images with wind field information from scatterometer measurements. There are 11,883 matchup data in the experimental dataset. We then calculated the systemic noise floor of Sentinel-1 IW mode, and presented its unique noise characteristics among different sub-bands. Based on the calculated NESZ measurements, the noise is removed for all matchup data. Empirical relationships among the noise free NRCS σ VH 0 , wind speed, wind direction, and radar incidence angle are analyzed for each sub-band, and a piecewise model is proposed. We showed that a larger correlation coefficient, r, is achieved by including both wind direction and incidence terms in the model. Validation against scatterometer measurements showed the suitability of the proposed model.
Incidence of Childhood and Adolescent Melanoma in the United States: 1973–2009

OBJECTIVE: Childhood and adolescent melanoma is rare but has been increasing. To gain insight into possible reasons underlying this observation, we analyzed trends in melanoma incidence diagnosed between the ages of 0 and 19 years among US whites by gender, stage, age at diagnosis, and primary site. We also investigated incidence trends by UV-B exposure levels. METHODS: By using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program data (1973–2009), we calculated age-adjusted incidence rates (IRs), annual percent changes, and 95% confidence intervals for each category of interest. Incidence trends were also evaluated by using joinpoint and local regression models. SEER registries were categorized with respect to low or high UV-B radiation exposure. RESULTS: From 1973 through 2009, 1230 children of white race were diagnosed with malignant melanoma. Overall, pediatric melanoma increased by an average of 2% per year (95% confidence interval, 1.4%–2.7%). Girls, 15- to 19-year-olds, and individuals with low UV-B exposure had significantly higher IRs than boys, younger children, and those living in SEER registries categorized as high UV-B. Over the study period, boys experienced increased IRs for melanoma on the face and trunk, and females on the lower limbs and hip. The only decreased incidence trend we observed was among 15- to 19-year-olds in the high UV-B exposure group from 1985 through 2009. Local regression curves indicated similar patterns. CONCLUSIONS: These results may help elucidate possible risk factors for adolescent melanoma, but additional individual-level studies will be necessary to determine the reasons for increasing incidence trends.
Associations of Maternal Retinal Vasculature with Subsequent Fetal Growth and Birth Size

Objective We aimed to study the maternal retinal microvasculature at mid-trimester and its relationship with subsequent fetal growth and birth size. Methods We recruited 732 pregnant women aged 18-46 years in the first trimester with singleton pregnancies. All had retinal photography and fetal scan performed at 26-28 weeks gestation, and subsequent fetal scan at 32-34 weeks gestation. Infant anthropometric measurements were done at birth. Retinal microvasculature was measured using computer software from the retinal photographs. Results In multiple linear regression models, each 10 μm narrowing in maternal retinal arteriolar caliber was associated with decreases of 1.36 mm in fetal head circumference at 32-34 weeks gestation, as well as decreases of 1.50 mm and 2.30 mm in infant head circumference and birth length at delivery, respectively. Each standard deviation decrease in maternal retinal arteriolar fractal dimension was associated with decreases of 1.55 mm in fetal head circumference at 32-34 weeks gestation, as well as decreases of 1.08 mm and 46.42 g in infant head circumference and birth weight at delivery, respectively. Conclusions Narrower retinal arteriolar caliber and a sparser retinal vascular network in mothers, reflecting a suboptimal uteroplacental microvasculature during mid-pregnancy, were associated with poorer fetal growth and birth size.
COOLEY-TUKEY FFT LIKE ALGORITHM FOR THE DISCRETE TRIANGLE TRANSFORM

The discrete triangle transform (DTT) was recently introduced [1] as an example of a non-separable transform for signal processing on a two-dimensional triangular grid. The DTT is built from Chebyshev polynomials in two variables in the same way as the DCT, type III, is built from Chebyshev polynomials in one variable. We show that, as a consequence, the DTT has, as the DCT, type III, a Cooley-Tukey FFT type fast algorithm. We derive this algorithm and an upper bound for the number of complex operations it requires. Similar to most separable two-dimensional transforms, the operations count of this algorithm is O(n log(n)) for an input of size n × n.
Evolution and Design Governing Signal Precision and Amplification in a Bacterial Chemosensory Pathway

Understanding the principles underlying the plasticity of signal transduction networks is fundamental to decipher the functioning of living cells. In Myxococcus xanthus, a particular chemosensory system (Frz) coordinates the activity of two separate motility systems (the A- and S-motility systems), promoting multicellular development. This unusual structure asks how signal is transduced in a branched signal transduction pathway. Using combined evolution-guided and single cell approaches, we successfully uncoupled the regulations and showed that the A-motility regulation system branched-off an existing signaling system that initially only controlled S-motility. Pathway branching emerged in part following a gene duplication event and changes in the circuit structure increasing the signaling efficiency. In the evolved pathway, the Frz histidine kinase generates a steep biphasic response to increasing external stimulations, which is essential for signal partitioning to the motility systems. We further show that this behavior results from the action of two accessory response regulator proteins that act independently to filter and amplify signals from the upstream kinase. Thus, signal amplification loops may underlie the emergence of new connectivity in signal transduction pathways.
Sex Counselling and Its Impacts on Adolescents' Moral Behavior

The paper examines the concept of sex counselling and its significance in the contemporary society. It also dissects the misconceptions upheld by adolescents and their implications on their moral development. The paper further addresses the reasons why adolescents engage in non-marital sex and its consequences. The counselling methods and approaches for tackling this are discussed. The paper concludes by giving the implications of the approaches on the moral development of adolescents.
Prevenção da depressão e da ansiedade em estudantes universitários Prevention of depression and anxiety in college students

The research aim was to evaluate the impact of a prevention program for depression and anxiety through the development of critical thinking and problem solving strategies in first-semester college students. Method: A quasiexperimental design, assessment pre-test and post-test and control group was used. Involving 60 students from two universities of Colombia who were in their first year of training (25% male and 75% female), mean age 18.5 years; experimental group n = 31, control group n = 29. The program lasted 10 sessions. The instruments used were the CES-D (Rodloff y Locke, 1986), SCL-90 (Derogatis, 2002), Stressful Events Questionnaire (Connor-Smith y Calvete, 2004), ATQ (Kendall, Howard y Hays, 1989), ASSQ (Kendall y Hollon, 1989). Results: Significant changes were identified in the clinical indicators of depression, anxiety, negative thoughts and assessment of life events in the experimental group. Conclusions: The prevention program for depression and anxiety through the development of critical thinking and Socratic dialogue is effective in young students of the first year of training, as it significantly decreases the indicators of depression and anxiety , negative thoughts and life events appraisement. Key-words: Prevention; Depression; Anxiety; Critical thinking; Socratic dialogue.
Memory for Objects and Positions: Delayed Non-matching-to-sample in Storing and Non-storing Tits

An operant delayed-non-matching-to-sample task using computer-presented images was used to test memory for position and object (shape and colour) cues in four species of tit (Parus), two food-storing species (P. palustris and P. ater) and two non-storing species (P. major and P. caeruleus). Both storers and non-storers performed successfully at retention intervals as long as 100 sec on all trial types, and there were no significant differences in performance between the two groups on any of the trial types. Performance by both groups was highest on trials in which both object and position cues were available and poorest on trials when object cues only were relevant. These data do not provide support for the hypothesis that food storers have a better memory for spatial cues than do non-storers.
Study on Microblog dissemination law in view of forwarding

Forwarding is a major means of information dissemination on the Microblog platform. The article, combining static analysis and dynamic analysis, takes Microblog forwarding as the object of study, and studies the network topology of grass-roots Microblog forwarding users. It also studies the correlation between characteristic quantity and forwarding times of Microblog network topology. Furthermore, it conducts modification on virus transmission model, builds and verifies the Microblog forwarding dynamical model. The study finds out that Microblog postings present qute strong dissemination capacity on the initial stage, and some Microblog postings with many forwarding times and long duration of forwarding process due to the dynamic growth of the forwarding user network and the joining of strong nodes make network infection density decrease in some phases.
Green Revolution research saved an estimated 18 to 27 million hectares from being brought into agricultural production

New estimates of the impacts of germplasm improvement in the major staple crops between 1965 and 2004 on global land-cover change are presented, based on simulations carried out using a global economic model (Global Trade Analysis Project Agro-Ecological Zone), a multicommodity, multiregional computable general equilibrium model linked to a global spatially explicit database on land use. We estimate the impact of removing the gains in cereal productivity attributed to the widespread adoption of improved varieties in developing countries. Here, several different effects—higher yields, lower prices, higher land rents, and trade effects—have been incorporated in a single model of the impact of Green Revolution research (and subsequent advances in yields from crop germplasm improvement) on land-cover change. Our results generally support the Borlaug hypothesis that increases in cereal yields as a result of widespread adoption of improved crop germplasm have saved natural ecosystems from being converted to agriculture. However, this relationship is complex, and the net effect is of a much smaller magnitude than Borlaug proposed. We estimate that the total crop area in 2004 would have been between 17.9 and 26.7 million hectares larger in a world that had not benefited from crop germplasm improvement since 1965. Of these hectares, 12.0–17.7 million would have been in developing countries, displacing pastures and resulting in an estimated 2 million hectares of additional deforestation. However, the negative impacts of higher food prices on poverty and hunger under this scenario would likely have dwarfed the welfare effects of agricultural expansion.
The Design of a Low-Power Asynchronous Communication System

The combustion chamber of an internal-combustion engine is fed via a dispersion supply conduit with a dispersion of water and of fuel supplied via a fuel supply conduit and is fed via an air supply conduit with the air required for the combustion. The exhaust gases generated within the combustion chamber during the combustion are passed via an exhaust gas conduit into a heat exchanger being in connection with a condensate collecting chamber for receiving the condensate formed on cooling the hot exhaust gases and vapors. This condensate is utilized for the production of the fuel-water-dispersion. The heat of condensation being at disposal within the heat exchanger is utilized for heating the dispersion-air-mixture supplied into the combustion chamber of the internal-combustion engine or for heating the air required for the combustion.
AN X-RAY/OPTICAL STUDY OF THE COMPLEX DYNAMICS OF THE CORE OF THE MASSIVE INTERMEDIATE-REDSHIFT CLUSTER MACSJ0717.5+3745

Using CHANDRA, we investigate the spatial temperature distribution of the intracluster medium (ICM) within 700 kpc of the center of the massive merging cluster MACSJ0717.5+3745 at z = 0.55. Combining the X-ray evidence with information about the distribution and velocities of the cluster galaxies near the core provides us with a snapshot of the three-dimensional geometry and dynamics of one of the most complex clusters studied to date. We find MACSJ0717.5+3745 to be an active triple merger with ICM temperatures exceeding 20 keV. Although radial velocity information and X-ray/optical offsets indicate that all three mergers proceed along distinctly different directions, the partial alignment of the merger axes points to a common origin in the large-scale filament south-east of the cluster core. Clear decrements in the ICM temperature observed near two of these subclusters identify the respective X-ray surface brightness peaks as remnants of cool cores; the compactness and low temperature of 5.7 keV of one of these features suggest that the respective merger, a high-velocity collision at 3,000 km s−1, is still in its very early stages. Looking beyond the triple merger, we find the large-scale filament to not only provide a spatial as well as temporal arrow for the interpretation of the dynamics of the merger events near the cluster core, but we also find tantalizing, if circumstantial, evidence for direct, large-scale heating of the ICM by contiguous infall of low-density gas from the filament.
Theory of Mind in Human-Robot-Communication: Appreciated or not?

Social robots play a more and more important role in our society. For better acceptance and more fluent interactions between humans and robots it is generally assumed that implementing human-like cognitive functions within robots is helpful. A between-subjects experiment (N = 40) was conducted to in-vestigate whether implementing a theory of mind within a humanoid robot will lead to higher acceptance of the robot. Theory of mind is considered one of the most essential prerequisites for interpersonal interac-tion in human-human interaction. Researchers argue that theory of mind enhanced robots capturing other person’s goals, beliefs, feelings, and intentions will perform significantly better. Subjects were presented videos of interactions with a humanoid robot that either possessed or did not possess theory of mind abili-ties. Results indicate subjects acknowledged the fact that a robot showing theory of mind abilities such as perspective taking followed its own intentions; that it understood the way another person behaves; that it was aware of another person’s thoughts, beliefs, and feelings. Accordingly, the robot was rated more sym-pathetic and higher on social attractiveness but not on task attractiveness. Implications of these results as well as limitations are discussed.