Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unexpectedly higher levels of naturally occurring anti-Vaccinia neutralizing antibodies are observed among gay men compared to general population

The confirmed cases in the current outbreak of Monkeypox are predominantly identified in the networks of men who have sex with men (MSM). It is suggested that special behavioral characteristics might make the virus spread more easily in this population, but the biological factors affecting the spread of this outbreak have not been fully clarified. In this study, we measured the anti-Monkeypox and anti-Vaccinia antibodies in an MSM cohort (comprising 326 individuals) and a general population cohort (comprising 295 individuals) and compared the antibody responses between the two cohorts. Meanwhile, we also compared the antibody responses between individuals born before and in/after 1981, when the smallpox vaccination was ceased in China. Our data showed that binding antibodies against Monkeypox H3L, A29L, A35R proteins and Vaccinia whole-virus lysate could be detected in individuals born both before and in/after 1981, of which the anti-Vaccinia binding antibody levels were found to be significantly higher among the individuals born before 1981 in the general population cohort. Moreover, we unexpectedly found that the levels of binding antibody responses against Monkeypox proteins were significantly lower among individuals of the MSM cohort born in/after 1981, but the anti-Vaccinia neutralizing antibody levels were significantly higher among these individuals compared to those age-matched participants of the general population cohort. Additionally, we demonstrated that the positive and negative rates of anti-Monkeypox antibody responses were associated with the anti-Vaccinia antibody responses among individuals born before 1981 in the general population cohort, but no significant association was observed among individuals born in/after 1981 in both cohorts. Further studies are warranted to clarify the impact of the naturally occurring anti-Orthopoxvirus antibodies on the transmission of Monkeypox, especially among gay men who have not been vaccinated against smallpox.
Quantification of turbulence intensity in patients with symptomatic carotid atherosclerosis: a pilot study

The most widely performed test for patients suspected of having carotid atherosclerosis is Doppler ultrasound (DUS). Unfortunately, limitations in sensitivity and specificity prevent DUS from being the sole diagnostic tool. Novel DUS velocity-derived parameters, such as turbulence intensity (TI), may provide enhanced hemodynamic information within the carotid artery, increasing diagnostic accuracy. In this study, we evaluate a new technique for recording, storing and analyzing DUS in a clinical environment, and determine the correlation between TI and conventional DUS measurements. We have recruited 32 patients with a mean age of 69±11 yrs. An MP3 recorder was used to digitally record Doppler audio signals three times at three sites: the common carotid artery, peak stenosis and region of maximum turbulence. A Fourier-based technique was used to calculate TI, facilitating clinical application without additional ECGgating data. TI was calculated as the standard deviation of Fourier-filtered mean velocity data. We found that TI and clinical PSV were linearly dependent (P<0.001) within the region of maximum turbulence and the precision of all TI measurements was found to be 14%. We have demonstrated the ability to record Doppler waveform data during a conventional carotid exam, and apply off-line custom analysis to Doppler velocity data to produce measurements of TI.
Three-phase flow measurement in the petroleum industry

The problem of how to accurately measure the flowrate of oil–gas–water mixtures in a pipeline remains one of the key challenges in the petroleum industry. This paper discusses why three-phase flow measurement is still important and why it remains a difficult problem to solve. The measurement strategies and principal base technologies currently used by commercial manufacturers are described, and research developments that could influence future flowmeter design are considered. Finally, future issues, which will need to be addressed by manufacturers and users of three-phase flowmeters, are discussed.
The Average Behavior of Large-Scale Westward Traveling Disturbances Evident in the Northern Hemisphere Geopotential Heights

Abstract The average structure of westward traveling disturbances that contribute to relative maxima found in space-time spectra from 13–32 days at northern latitudes is determined for each season. A compositing method used employs a minimum of space and time filtering in order to avoid biasing the results. The average latitudinal structure is “global” in that it is discernible in the Southern Hemisphere during December–February and September–November. It is primarily confined to northern latitudes during March–August. In all seasons the disturbance is out of phase between northern high latitudes and subtropical and tropical latitudes. The longitudinal structure is primarily zonal wavenumber 1 in all seasons. Further work is suggested to confirm the structures determined here and to learn if they reflect the superposition of a number of occasionally excited Rossby normal modes.
Undervoltage load shedding to avoid voltage instability

The paper presents a technique for undervoltage load shedding (UVLS) in power systems. The undervoltage load shedding criterion has been developed using a dynamic load model. The parameters of the dynamic load model are estimated online using a nonlinear least squares technique, namely the Gauss-Newton method. The amount of load to be shed is calculated using the parameters of the dynamic load model. In the event of a voltage unstable situation, the proposed undervoltage load shedding criterion can be used to calculate the minimum amount of load to be shed at any point in time to avoid a voltage collapse. The criterion is general and can be applied to any power system.
A Class of Nonlinear Integer Programs Solvable by a Single Linear Program

Although the addition of integrality constraints to the existing constraints of an optimization problem will, in general, make the determination of an optimal solution more difficult, we consider here a class of nonlinear programs in which the imposition of integrality constraints on the variables makes it possible to solve the problem by a single, easily-constructed linear program. The class of problems addressed has a separable convex objective function and a totally unimodular constraint matrix. Such problems arise in logistic and personnel assignment applications.
Dietary diversity and associated factors among women of reproductive age in Jeldu District, West Shoa Zone, Oromia Ethiopia

Background Women of reproductive age are at a higher risk of insufficient micronutrient intake due to their low dietary diversity which has an impact on child growth and development, anemia and low birth weight. However, there are no information from the study area. Hence, the study aimed to assess dietary diversity and associated factors among reproductive-age women in Jeldu District, West Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken among 634 women of reproductive age. The study participants were recruited using a systematic sampling method. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire based on 24-hour dietary recalls. The data were checked, coded, and entered into EpiData version 3.1 before being exported to SPSS Version 21 for analysis. Descriptive statistics like frequency standard deviation, mean and proportions were computed. , both binary and multivariable logistic regressions were run at 95 percent confidence intervals. A P-value of <0.05 was used to declare a statistically significant association between dietary diversity and explanatory variables. Results The proportions of women who consumed greater than or equal to five food groups were 81.9%. Agro-ecological zone of highland (AOR = 7.71: 95% CI: 3.72, 15.99), women who have a radio (AOR; 1.87: 95% CI; 1.17, 2.99) and women’s decision-making power to purchase food for household (AOR; 3.93:95% CI; 2.3, 6.71) and having own mobile phone (AOR: 1.92 (1.74, 3.16)) were statistically associated with food dietary diversity. Conclusion The proportion of women who met the minimal standard for dietary variety requirements was high. The presence of radios, mobile phones, women’s purchasing decision power, as well as possessing large cattle, and the agroecological zone of the participants were all important predictors of dietary variety among reproductive-age women. The local media, agriculture office, health office, and women, youth, and children office all need to pay more attention to the determinants of dietary variety in women.
5-Methyl-cytosine stabilizes DNA but hinders DNA hybridization revealed by magnetic tweezers and simulations

Abstract 5-Methyl-cytosine (5mC) is one of the most important DNA modifications and plays versatile biological roles. It is well known that 5mC stabilizes DNA duplexes. However, it remains unclear how 5mC affects the kinetics of DNA melting and hybridization. Here, we studied the kinetics of unzipping and rezipping using a 502-bp DNA hairpin by single-molecule magnetic tweezers. Under constant loading rates, 5mC increases the unzipping force but counterintuitively decreases the rezipping force at various salt and temperature conditions. Under constant forces, the non-methylated DNA hops between metastable states during unzipping and rezipping, which implies low energy barriers. Surprisingly, the 5mC DNA can’t rezip after fully unzipping unless much lower forces are applied, where it rezips stochastically in a one-step manner, which implies 5mC kinetically hinders DNA hybridization and high energy barriers in DNA hybridization. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the 5mC kinetically hinders DNA hybridization due to steric effects rather than electrostatic effects caused by the additional methyl groups of cytosines. Considering the possible high speed of DNA unzipping and zipping during replication and transcription, our findings provide new insights into the biological roles of 5mC.
CafeteriaSA corpus: scientific abstracts annotated across different food semantic resources

Abstract In the last decades, a great amount of work has been done in predictive modeling of issues related to human and environmental health. Resolution of issues related to healthcare is made possible by the existence of several biomedical vocabularies and standards, which play a crucial role in understanding the health information, together with a large amount of health-related data. However, despite a large number of available resources and work done in the health and environmental domains, there is a lack of semantic resources that can be utilized in the food and nutrition domain, as well as their interconnections. For this purpose, in a European Food Safety Authority–funded project CAFETERIA, we have developed the first annotated corpus of 500 scientific abstracts that consists of 6407 annotated food entities with regard to Hansard taxonomy, 4299 for FoodOn and 3623 for SNOMED-CT. The CafeteriaSA corpus will enable the further development of natural language processing methods for food information extraction from textual data that will allow extracting food information from scientific textual data. Database URL: https://zenodo.org/record/6683798#. Y49wIezMJJF
Analysis of cattle movement networks in Paraguay: Implications for the spread and control of infectious diseases

Beef exports represent a substantial part of Paraguay’s agricultural sector. Cattle movements involve a high risk due to the possible spread of bovine diseases that can have a significant impact on the country’s economy. We analyzed cattle movements from 2014 to 2018 using the networks analysis methodology at the holding and district levels at different temporal scales. We built two types of networks to identify network characteristics that may contribute to the spread of two diseases with different epidemiological characteristics: i) a network including all cattle movements to consider the transmission of a disease of rapid spread like foot and mouth disease, and ii) a network including only cow movements to account for bovine brucellosis, a disease of slow spread that occurs mainly in adult females. Network indicators did not vary substantially among the cattle and cow only networks. The holdings/districts included in the largest strongly connected components were distributed throughout the country. Percolation analysis performed at the holding level showed that a large number of holdings should be removed to make the largest strongly connected component disappear. Higher values of the centrality indicators were found for markets than for farms, indicating that they may play an important role in the spread of an infectious disease. At the holding level (but not at the district level), the networks exhibited characteristics of small-world networks. This property may facilitate the spread of foot and mouth disease in case of re-emergence, or of bovine brucellosis in the country through cattle movements. They should be taken into account when implementing surveillance or control measures for these diseases.
A cross-sectional study of health and well-being among newly settled refugee migrants in Sweden–The role of health literacy, social support and self-efficacy

Structural barriers such as inadequate housing, lack of employment opportunities, and discrimination are known to adversely affect the health of newly settled refugee migrants. However, these barriers remain largely unresolved and unaddressed. Thus, there is a need to better understand how other factors, such as individual-level health resources, may influence health and mitigate ill health in the early post-migration phase. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between health outcomes and individual health resources including health literacy, social support, and self-efficacy in newly settled refugee migrants. Survey data was collected from 787 refugee migrants in Sweden. Logistical regression analysis showed that limited health literacy, lack of emotional support, and low self-efficacy were consistently associated with poor health outcomes. Demographic variables such as gender, education, and type of residence permit were not as imperative. Individual-level health resources may play an important role in the general and psychological well-being of newly settled migrants. Promoting health literacy and facilitating the attainment of social support may buffer for structural challenges in the establishment phase and enhance the prospects of later health and social integration.
High temperature ellipsometry of the conductive oxide LaNiO3

LaNiO3 thin films have been deposited on SrTiO3 (100) by pulsed laser deposition. Substrate temperature and oxygen pressure have been investigated in the ranges of 640–840°C and 200–600μbars, respectively. The use of LaNiO3 as an electrode requires good electrical, structural, and morphological properties. Optimized deposition parameters were determined to be in the range from 650to700°C for the substrate temperature and in the oxygen pressure range from 300to400μbars. Spectroscopic ellipsometry has been used to study in situ the growth of LaNiO3 at high temperature and variation of the optical constants during the cooling from growth to ambient temperature. The metallic behavior of the LaNiO3 is directly observed from the spectral variation of the ellipsometric parameters, tanΨ and cosΔ. For the initial stages of the film growth a determination of the thickness by ellipsometry is possible until the skin depth is reached. The optical constants, refractive index n and extinction coefficient k, have been ca.
INTEGRATION OF SYSTEMS OF FIRST-ORDER EQUATIONS ADMITTING NONLINEAR SUPERPOSITION

Systems of two nonlinear ordinary differential equations of the first order admitting nonlinear superpositions are investigated using Lie's enumeration of groups on the plane. It is shown that the systems associated with two-dimensional Vessiot–Guldberg–Lie algebras can be integrated by quadrature upon introducing Lie's canonical variables. The knowledge of a symmetry group of a system in question is not needed in this approach. The systems associated with three-dimensional Vessiot–Guldberg–Lie algebras are classified into 13 standard forms 10 of which are integrable by quadratures and three are reduced to Riccati equations.
Additive properties of the evil and odious numbers and similar sequences

First we reprove two results in additive number theory due to Dombi and Chen&Wang, respectively, on the number of representations of n as the sum of two odious or evil numbers, using techniques from automata theory and logic. We also use this technique to prove a new result about the numbers represented by five summands. Furthermore, we prove some new results on the tenfold sums of the evil and odious numbers, as well as k-fold sums of similar sequences of integers, by using techniques of analytic number theory involving trigonometric sums associated with the (+-1)-characteristic sequences of these integers.
InterMulti: Multi-view Multimodal Interactions with Text-dominated Hierarchical High-order Fusion for Emotion Analysis

Humans are sophisticated at reading interlocutors' emotions from multimodal signals, such as speech contents, voice tones and facial expressions. However, machines might struggle to understand various emotions due to the difficulty of effectively decoding emotions from the complex interactions between multimodal signals. In this paper, we propose a multimodal emotion analysis framework, InterMulti, to capture complex multimodal interactions from different views and identify emotions from multimodal signals. Our proposed framework decomposes signals of different modalities into three kinds of multimodal interaction representations, including a modality-full interaction representation, a modality-shared interaction representation, and three modality-specific interaction representations. Additionally, to balance the contribution of different modalities and learn a more informative latent interaction representation, we developed a novel Text-dominated Hierarchical High-order Fusion(THHF) module. THHF module reasonably integrates the above three kinds of representations into a comprehensive multimodal interaction representation. Extensive experimental results on widely used datasets, (i.e.) MOSEI, MOSI and IEMOCAP, demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art.
The domain of a cannibal dark matter

We consider a scenario in which the dark matter is alone in a hidden sector and consists of a real scalar particle with a manifest or spontaneously broken ℤ2 symmetry, at a temperature which differs from the one of the visible sector, T' ≠ T. While similar models with general couplings have already been studied in the literature, the special case of a model with spontaneous symmetry breaking constitutes a non-trivial limit of these results, since it features vanishing tree-level amplitudes for the processes k → 2 with k > 2 at threshold, thus making the cross-section governing dark-matter freeze-out velocity suppressed. We carefully determine the thermally averaged dark-matter annihilation cross-section in this scenario, including the possible effects of one-loop corrections and Bose-Einstein statistics, while also reporting our results in the domain of thermal dark matter candidates, T' fo/T vs. m DM with T' fo being the hidden-sector temperature at decoupling. We show that for fixed quartic coupling, due to entropy conservation, the thermal candidates lie along a curve T'/T ∝ m DM -1/3(1+κ) with anomalous scaling κ ∼ 𝒪(T' fo/m DM) > 0. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this scaling is valid for a broad class of cannibal DM scenarios, with or without symmetry breaking. In addition, we also discuss the relevant cosmological and astrophysical constraints.
A Vision-free Baseline for Multimodal Grammar Induction

Past work has shown that paired vision-language signals substantially improve grammar induction in multimodal datasets such as MSCOCO. We investigate whether advancements in large language models (LLMs) that are only trained with text could provide strong assistance for grammar induction in multimodal settings. We find that our text-only approach, an LLM-based C-PCFG (LC-PCFG), outperforms previous multi-modal methods, and achieves state-of-the-art grammar induction performance for various multimodal datasets. Compared to image-aided grammar induction, LC-PCFG outperforms the prior state-of-the-art by 7.9 Corpus-F1 points, with an 85% reduction in parameter count and 1.7x faster training speed. Across three video-assisted grammar induction benchmarks, LC-PCFG outperforms prior state-of-the-art by up to 7.7 Corpus-F1, with 8.8x faster training. These results shed light on the notion that text-only language models might include visually grounded cues that aid in grammar induction in multimodal contexts. Moreover, our results emphasize the importance of establishing a robust vision-free baseline when evaluating the benefit of multimodal approaches.
VSVC: Backdoor attack against Keyword Spotting based on Voiceprint Selection and Voice Conversion

Keyword spotting (KWS) based on deep neural networks (DNNs) has achieved massive success in voice control scenarios. However, training of such DNN-based KWS systems often requires significant data and hardware resources. Manufacturers often entrust this process to a third-party platform. This makes the training process uncontrollable, where attackers can implant backdoors in the model by manipulating third-party training data. An effective backdoor attack can force the model to make specified judgments under certain conditions, i.e., triggers. In this paper, we design a backdoor attack scheme based on Voiceprint Selection and Voice Conversion, abbreviated as VSVC. Experimental results demonstrated that VSVC is feasible to achieve an average attack success rate close to 97% in four victim models when poisoning less than 1% of the training data.
Anticipatory Fictitious Play

Fictitious play is an algorithm for computing Nash equilibria of matrix games. Recently, machine learning variants of fictitious play have been successfully applied to complicated real-world games. This paper presents a simple modification of fictitious play which is a strict improvement over the original: it has the same theoretical worst-case convergence rate, is equally applicable in a machine learning context, and enjoys superior empirical performance. We conduct an extensive comparison of our algorithm with fictitious play, proving an optimal O(1/t) convergence rate for certain classes of games, demonstrating superior performance numerically across a variety of games, and concluding with experiments that extend these algorithms to the setting of deep multiagent reinforcement learning.